jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Eaton to buy liquid filtration specialist E Begerow

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel solution-processable polybenzimidazoles P1–P3 were prepared from three new teteraamines and 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) in Eaton's reagent at 145 °C. These tetraamines were 4,4′,5,5′-tetraaminodiphenyldiphenyl ether containing bromide, phenyl and trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl substituents at 2 and 2′ positions, respectively. P1–P3 exhibited good thermal stability, oxidative stability and mechanical properties. Phosphoric acid-doped P1–P3 membranes also exhibited high proton conductivity in the range of 5.30×10−2−8.80×10−2 S cm−1. They also demonstrated high performance on single cell test, with open circuit voltages of 0.84–0.98 V and peak power density of 478–636 mW cm−2 at 160 °C with acid uptakes of 199–241%. Especially, the fuel cell based on P3 with an open circuit voltage of 0.95 V and peak power density of 636 mW cm−2 exhibited better performance than the one based on m-PBI. These membranes provided new options as proton exchange membranes for high-temperature PEMFC applications.
Observational Study Regarding the Relationship between Nutritional Status, Dental Caries, Mutans Streptococci, and Lactobacillus Bacterial Colonies

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of dental caries and obesity is high as both raise significant health problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dental caries, the number of salivary colonies forming units of Mutans Streptococci (MS) and Lactobacillus (LB), and the nutritional status in a group of children from Transylvania. This observational study used a sample of 154 school children, aged 9 to 12 years. The prevalence of caries was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index for deciduous teeth (dmft index) and for permanent teeth (DMFT index). Height and weight were assessed for each subject, and their body mass index (BMI) percentile was calculated. Salivary levels of Mutans Streptococci (MS) and Lactobacillus (LB) were determined using the CRT Bacteria Test from Ivoclar Vivadent. In our study, we found a positive association between the BMI percentile, MS count, LB count, tooth brushing frequency, and the incidence of dental caries in children aged 9 to 12 years old. Future preventive programs should include nutrition control in order to prevent both the apparition of dental caries and obesity in children.
Neurosarcoidosis: An Overlooked Diagnostic Dilemma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report on 2 cases of Neurosarciodosis, it is a rare disease, primary care physicians and neurologists have very limited exposure to this pathology, published data till date is limited to few case series and case reports. There is also lack of enough demographical data of this illness in different regions around the globe, similarly there is absence of definitive diagnostic criterion for neurosarcodosis, and so it is often misdiagnosed and overlooked by clinicians due to identical clinical findings in other pathologies. This paper will review the presentation of two case reports and also highlight atypical presentations of this pathology that could potentially an aid to literature till date
FORMATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIC ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article is devoted to the important topic of marketing strategic analysis in the field of tourism. The authors examine methods and approaches that help tourism companies and organizations effectively develop their business in a competitive environment. The article considers such key aspects as the definition of marketing strategies, which describes the methods of defining marketing strategies that allow tourism enterprises to determine competitive positioning and target audience, emphasizes the importance of correct market segmentation and definition of the target audience for effective marketing. Formation of marketing strategic analysis in the field of tourism is a very urgent and important task. The tourism industry is becoming increasingly competitive, new players and tourist regions are emerging that offer similar services. Marketing strategic analysis allows you to identify both internal and external reserves of competitive potential. The theory and practice of evaluating the competitive potential of a tourist enterprise operates with a significant number of various methods, which differ in the complexity of use and feasibility of application depending on the scale of production and the specifics of the tourism company's field of activity. Such methods can be classified: according to the direction of information base formation (criteria and expert methods); according to the method of displaying the final results (graphical, mathematical and logical methods); by suitability for the development of management decisions (simultaneous and strategic assessment methods); by assessment method (indicative and matrix methods). Strategic analysis helps to develop unique offers for tourists and increase competitiveness. Today's tourists are increasingly emphasizing unique experiences, sustainable activities, and are increasingly demanding how their needs are met. Marketing analysis allows you to adapt offers to these changes. The Internet and digital technologies have transformed the way tourists search for, book and consume travel services. An effective digital strategy and analysis is required to ensure a presence in the online environment. Issues of sustainability and environmental responsibility are becoming increasingly important in the tourism industry. The analysis helps to develop strategies aimed at conserving natural resources and reducing the impact on the environment. Tourism is a global industry, and tourism businesses must consider the international context in their strategies and analyses. Therefore, the formation of marketing strategic analysis in tourism remains an urgent task for enterprises and organizations in this field. It helps to adapt to market changes, innovate and compete effectively, ensuring a quality experience for tourists and business sustainability. Keywords: strategy, strategic analysis, stages of strategic analysis, marketing strategies in tourism.
Unveiling Social Dynamics in People's Perception of Raptors to Guide Effective Conservation Strategies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ethnoscientific approaches offer valuable tools for exploring human–nature relationships, making them useful for developing effective conservation strategies. Raptors, which are birds of prey, face significant conservation threats worldwide, with human persecution being a leading factor in their population decline. Urgent conservation strategies are needed, particularly in regions of high raptor diversity like the tropical Andes. In this study, we employed semistructured questionnaires and logistic models to investigate how demographic factors, economic activity, and traditional knowledge shape people's perceptions of raptors in rural communities of the Ecuadorian Andes. These communities have historically experienced poverty and inequality, and our approach takes into account their local realities to provide conservation recommendations. Our findings reveal that traditional ecological knowledge provides a broad understanding of human–raptor relations, and that raptors are viewed as both providers of ecosystem services and disservices. Additionally, social demographics, such as gender and educational level, can influence people's perception of raptors. Based on these results, we can promote conservation actions from a local to global level. Ethnoecological approaches offer diverse conservation opportunities that can vary based on different local contexts. In addition to conventional measures such as environmental education programs, poultry management, and landscape preservation, it is essential to consider the political ecology of specific sites, particularly in regions of the Global South where poverty and inequality are closely intertwined with social and environmental injustices. As such, policy making to alleviate poverty and inequality in rural communities in Ecuador and other Andean countries; and science decolonization to make conservation more inclusive are crucial for human well-being and successful and lasting conservation actions for raptors and biodiversity.
Pythium insidiosum colitis in a dog: treatment and clinical outcome

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The aim of this report is to describe the clinical, pathological and imaging findings and treatment of colitis caused by Pythium insidiosum in a canine presenting haematochezia and progressive weight loss. Through imaging, a thickening of the transverse and descending colon was observed. Histopathological analysis of the large intestine fragment revealed the presence of hyphae, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR as P. insidiosum. Antifungal treatment with itraconazole implemented after partial surgical resection, resulted in control of the disease.
Recent Changes in Enterprise Management and Marketing Practices in Romania

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Discusses the Romanian reforms of 1967 and 1978 which went virtually unnoticed, with particular emphasis on the latter date. Highlights recent managerial decentralization measures in Romania indicating marketing implications. Uses official and first‐hand sources in drawing the article conclusions, looking also at Romania's environment. Further investigates marketing and marketing mix implications and looks further at price, promotion and distribution. Concludes and evaluates by assessing economic reforms in eastern Europe in general and in Romania in particular. Additionally, the central plan was national control of economic activities and centralized planning reliance.
LHD Langmuir #113896.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in US wastewaters

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Wastewater samples collected from ten wastewater facilities across the US were analyzed to determine the occurrence of indigenous Cryptosporidium oocysts using methods based on modifications of USEPA Method 1622. Wastewater facilities participating in this study ranged in size from 0.6 to 193 mgd average daily flow. A total of 289 wastewater samples were analyzed over a 15-month period. ColorSeed is a commercial product containing gamma-irradiated Cryptosporidium oocysts that have been permanently stained with a Texas Red dye. ColorSeed was used as an internal control with each sample to assess method performance. In 500 ml sample volumes, mean ColorSeed recoveries in raw influents and primary effluents were 26.1±17.7% and 33.0±17.9%, respectively. In 10 liter volumes of secondary effluent, mean ColorSeed recovery was 25.0±16.6%. Volumes analyzed for tertiary effluent samples ranged from 14.8 l to 131.3 l resulting in a mean ColorSeed recovery of 48.8±14.5%. Indigenous oocysts were detected in 30% of raw influents, 46% of primary effluents, 58% of secondary effluents and 19% of tertiary effluents analyzed. Indigenous oocyst concentrations ranged from &lt;2 to 86 /liter across all wastewater matrices tested.
Writing Impact for Grants: Pack Your Bags. We Are Going on an Impact Journey!

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, we share our top tips on writing impact for funding bids and reports. These are drawn from our extensive experience working across a UK university as research impact managers and also successfully developing and writing small to multimillion-pound grant applications for UK charity, UK Government and European funding. We have developed and delivered impact training to researchers at all career stages, written impact case studies for the UK's research assessment and published on the genre. 1 We also lead the Impact Special Interest Group for the UK's Association of Research Managers and Administrators (ARMA) and contribute to conferences and specialist training internationally, which has included the Australasia region, Africa and Europe.
Critical appraisal and meta-analysis of biological variation studies on glycosylated albumin, glucose and HbA1c

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Numerous biological variation (BV) studies have been performed over the years, but the quality of these studies vary. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review and critical appraisal of BV studies on glycosylated albumin and to deliver updated BV estimates for glucose and HbA 1c , including recently published high-quality studies such as the European Biological Variation study (EuBIVAS). Methods Systematic literature searches were performed to identify BV studies. Nine publications not included in a previous review were identified; four for glycosylated albumin, three for glucose, and three for HbA 1c . Relevant studies were appraised by the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC). Global BV estimates were derived by meta-analysis of BIVAC-compliant studies in healthy subjects with similar study design. Results One study received BIVAC grade A, 2B, and 6C. In most cases, the C-grade was associated with deficiencies in statistical analysis. BV estimates for glycosylated albumin were: CV I =1.4% (1.2–2.1) and CV G =5.7% (4.7–10.6), whereas estimates for HbA 1c , CV I =1.2% (0.3–2.5), CV G =5.4% (3.3–7.3), and glucose, CV I =5.0% (4.1–12.0), CV G =8.1% (2.7–10.8) did not differ from previously published global estimates. Conclusions The critical appraisal and rating of BV studies according to their methodological quality, followed by a meta-analysis, generate robust, and reliable BV estimates. This study delivers updated and evidence-based BV estimates for glycosylated albumin, glucose and HbA 1c .
Stereotype change following exposure to counter‐stereotypical media heroes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract What happens when our stereotypes of “good guys” and “bad guys” are disturbed by being exposed to pictures that contradict these stereotypes? In the following study, it was shown that presenting dark‐haired, dark‐eyed male actors as heroes led to more positive evaluations of this stereotype category. Dr. Klaus R. Scherer is assistant professor in the Department of Psychology of the University of Pennsylvania.
Inhibition of photosynthesis by osmotic stress in pea (Pisum sativum) mesophyll protoplasts is intensified by chilling or photoinhibitory light; intriguing responses of respiration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects of reduced osmotic potential on photosynthesis and respiration were studied in mesophyll protoplasts of pea ( Pisum sativum ). Osmotic stress was induced by increasing the sorbitol concentration in the medium from 0·4 kmol m −3 (‐1·3 MPa) to 1·0 kmol m −3 (‐3·1 MPa). Protoplasts lost up to 35% of the maximum capacity of photo‐synthetic carbon assimilation (but not PS II mediated activity) soon after exposure to 1·0 kmol m −3 sorbitol. The response of protoplast respiration to osmotic stress was intriguing. Respiration was stimulated if stress was induced at 25°C, but was inhibited when protoplasts were subjected to osmotic stress at 0°C. Photosynthesis was also much more sensitive to osmotic stress at 0°C than at 25°C. The inhibitory effects of osmotic stress on photosynthesis as well as respiration were amplified by not only chilling but also photoinhibitory light. The photosynthetic or respiratory activities of protoplasts recovered remarkably when they were transferred from hyperosmotic (1·0 kmol m −3 sorbitol) back to iso‐osmotic medium (0·4 kmol m −3 sorbitol), demonstrating the reversibility of osmotic‐stress‐induced changes in protoplasts. Respiration was more resistant to osmotic stress and was quicker to recover than photosynthesis. We suggest that the experimental system of protoplasts can be useful in studying the effects of osmotic stress on plant tissues.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of Zingiber officinale (Rosc.).

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Zingiber officinale (ginger) was studied for its antimicrobial profile and effect on virulent features of diarrhoeal pathogens, viz. colonization of epithelial cells and production of enterotoxins. Z. officinale showed no antimicrobial activity. Although it inhibited the production of cholera toxin, it had no effect on the action of this toxin. It also had no effect on the production and action of E. coli heat labile and heat stable toxins. However the bacterial colonization of HEp2 cells was reduced. The results indicate that in the absence of antimicrobial action, Z. officinale exhibits its antidiarrhoeal activity by affecting bacterial and host cell metabolism. The present study reports a novel mechanism of action by Z. officinale in infectious diarrhoea.
The Philippine Legislature Trade Mission to Japan, 1933. A Reassessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

B EFORE World War II the overall economic stake of Japan in Philippine trade and investment was comparatively limited. However, as the desire of the Japanese to expand their overseas markets increased after World War I, and as the possibility of Philippine independence became more real, the opportunities for greater PhilippineJapanese economic interaction were mutually apparent and mutually attractive. After the Japanese attack on Manchuria in I93I and Japan's subsequent withdrawal from the League of Nations, Japanese diplomats and businessmen in the Philippines appeared more assertive than they had been during the earlier American colonial period. Concurrently favorable Filipino responses to these more overt manifestations of Japan's efforts to participate more fully in Philippine economic life were evident. Although the volume of trade between Japan and the Philippines had generally been extremely low,1 it was believed by manyJapanese and Filipinos that the preferential tariff relationship between the United States and the Philippines had been solely responsible for keeping these figures down.2 Therefore, with the greater likelihood of independence and an anticipated diminution of the free trade between the former colonial master and its soon to be independent offspring, the prospects for increased Japanese-
The development of international policy in relation to victims of crime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the development of international policy in relation to victims of crime. It starts with an outline of the 1985 United Nations (UN) Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. It demonstrates that compliance by Member States with the provisions of the Declaration is still unsatisfactory, despite serious efforts by the UN to promote its standards and norms. A similar trend is described on a regional level in Europe. In 2001, the European Union adopted a Framework Decision (a legally binding instrument) on minimum rights for crime victims in the criminal justice system. Evaluations undertaken in 2004 and 2009 have proved that none of the Member States fully complied with its content. In the article it is argued that a lack of compliance is usually followed by the adoption of an even stronger legal instrument, containing even more ambitious rights for victims of crime. It is questioned whether this is the most productive approach. It is doubted that ‘hard law’ is always more effective than ‘soft law’. The most recent generation of more elevated rights run the risk of leading to ‘victim fatigue’ on the part of the officials responsible for the operation of the criminal justice system.
Handheld Face Identification Technology in a Pervasive Computing Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We describe initial efforts at implementing a flexible, modular face identification framework in the context of a pervasive computing environment including handheld computers. Currently, the handheld is used for image capture, while all computation is performed on a back-end server, though other possibilities are discussed. Handheld face identification is difficult due to limitations in processing power and variations in lighting and background conditions. Initial experimental data are presented, showing recognition accuracy of 95.6 % for a three user domain, with 1.7 second identification latency. Work is underway to improve both accuracy and scalability.
THE EFFECT OF FIRING TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF GLAZES PREPARED WITH BARIUM-BASED FRITS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Barium-based frits are widely used in the ceramic tile industry for the production of matte glazes. In these glazes, the microstructure—and consequently, the opacity and matte finish—vary depending on factors such as composition, application conditions, and firing temperatures. This study investigates the effects of different firing temperatures on the microstructure and properties of glazes prepared with barium-based frits. For this purpose, compositions containing 92 wt% barium-based frit and 8 wt% kaolin were milled, applied to the tile surface, and then fired in a laboratory furnace at four different peak temperatures (900, 1000, 1100, and 1200°C). The results indicate that the primary phase formed in the glaze structure is celsian at peak temperatures of 1100°C and 1200°C. As the temperature increases, the glassy phase expands, and crystal size increases. A decrease in the whiteness value (L*) value was observed with rising temperature; however, the glaze generally maintained its matte finish, as indicated by the 60° gloss value.
Migraine: Nonvascular/neurally acting drugs as novel treatment strategies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Migraine is a common, highly disabling disorder of the brain. It is generally considered to be an inherited disorder so that therapy largely centers on reducing the disability due to the problem through either effective treatment of the acute attack or preventive treatments to reduce headache frequency and severity. The tripton era produced the crucial development of 5-HT1B/1D recepter agonists, which are extremely effective for many patients. The two immediate and substantial unmet needs in migraine therapeutics are effective, nonvasoconstictor acute attack medicines and effective preventitives with minimal side effects. A range of options seems possible based on current science and early proof-of-principle studies. These include 5-HT1F recepter agonists, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) recepter antagonists, vanilloid TRPV1 recepter antagonists and agents that modify the nitric oxide synthesis cascade. On the preventative side, gap junction blockers are being actively studied, as is botulinum toxin. The future for the development of antimigraine treatments is bright, as are the prospects for better therapeutic outcomes for patients.