jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Gluten-free, Casein-free Diet and Autism: What Do We Know?: Presidential Poster

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of GFCF diet in ASD. Methods: Using the search words “autism” and “diet,” the following databases were searched (1980-2013): CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and OVID. All peer-reviewed articles reporting effect of GFCF diet were selected. Each study was analyzed and summarized in terms of participants, study design, specifics of intervention, control group, outcome measures, results, and statistical significance. For the purpose of this review, a “positive outcome” was defined as statistically significant improvement in standardized scores after introduction of a GFCF diet. Evidence was considered “weak” if no control group was used and “strong” if they were. A “negative outcome” was defined as no improvement, improvement that was not statistically significant, or if there was no statistical analysis performed. Results: A total of 111 publications were identified. Out of 111, 29 studies were included in this review based on the inclusion criteria. Seventeen of 29 reported positive outcomes, however, only six met our criteria for a “positive outcome study.” This included four observational studies and two randomized controlled trials. Out of the four studies, only one study had a control group and showed improvement in Behavior Summarized Evaluation and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children scores. A randomized clinical trial showed statistically significant improvement in Diagnosis of Psychotic Behavior in Children and Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities scores. In spite of the positive outcomes, both studies had limitations including small number of patients, bias associated with an unblinded trial, lack of evidence for correlation between parental report and objective score measurements, lack of data on dietary compliance, and concerns for placebo effect. One double blind randomized controlled trial reported no statistically significant difference in autism related behaviors after implementing a GFCF diet. Conclusion: Literature review has shown significant use of GFCF diets as part of management of children with autism. Critical analysis of each study's methodological rigor and results suggests that there is no well documented evidence for the efficacy of a GFCF diet in children with ASD. Extreme variability in study designs, inconsistent use of standardized behavior measuring tools, challenges to have a control group, as well as ability to perform double blind studies on diet therapy, are probably some of the major factors contributing to the poor quality of scientific evidence. Given the potential for nutritional deficiencies and comorbidities associated with the empiric use of restrictive diets, large scale, good quality, randomized, double blinded controlled trials are needed.
Effects of Eucommia Ulmoides Extract on Performance and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides extract on performance and intestinal microflora of broilers,and discuss the optimal supplement in broiler diets.One hundred and fifty five one-day old broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with three replicates.There were ten broilers per replicate.The experiment was divided into two phases(0～4 week and 5～10 week).The birds were fed the basal diet,or basal diet supplemented with 1 500,2 000 and 2 500 g/t Eucommia ulmoides extract or 50 mg/kg Flavomycin(8%).The results showed that the average daily gain of broiler was increased by Eucommia ulmoides extract supplementation(P0.05),the FCR was improved and the sum of Escherichia Coli in cecum was decreased(P0.05).It showed positive effect on the colonization of Lactic bacteria and Bifidobacteriu.Based on the results,it is suggested that the optimal level of Eucommia ulmoides extract in broiler diet was 2 000～2 500 g/t.
Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1,x‐bis‐(4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐3‐yl)alkanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract magnified image Reaction of isatoic anhydride with an alkanediamine in DMF solution under mild conditions affords excellent yields of the 1, x ‐bis‐{(2‐aminobenzoyl‐)amino}alkanes ( 2a‐k ), which have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Diazotization of the bis‐{(2‐aminobenzoyl‐)‐amino}alkanes in aqueous solution gives high yields of the 1, x ‐bis‐(4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐3‐yl)alkanes ( 1a‐k ), whch have also been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The alkanediamines employed are as follows: ethylene diamine, 1,3‐propanediamine, 1,2‐propanediamine, 2‐methyl‐1,2‐propanediamine, 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine, 2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐propanediamine, 1,4‐diaminobutane, 1,5‐diaminopentane, 1,3‐diaminopentane ( DYTEK ® EP diamine ), 1,6‐diaminohexane and 1,7‐diaminoheptane. The alternative method of synthesis of the bis‐(4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐3‐yl)alkanes ( 1 ) via the diazonium salt from methyl anthranilate was explored.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting as acute pancreatitis during pregnancy: clinical and radiologic manifestations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Only seven cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed during pregnancy have been reported. In this article, we describe a case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting clinically as acute pancreatitis in a pregnant patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed a pancreatic mass with an inflammatory component and multiple hyperintense metastatic lesions in the liver. The patient was initially treated for biliary pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer was not suspected given her young age and absence of risk factors. A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in a pregnant patient requires a high index of suspicion, and pancreatitis can be a mode of presentation.
Additional file 1 of Acquisition strategies for in-situ hyperspectral imaging of stained-glass windows: case studies from the Swiss National Museum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table s1. Acquisitions parameters of case study IN-11.64. Table s2. Acquisitions parameters of case study AG-1177. Table s3. Acquisitions parameters of case study LM-8368. Table s4. Acquisitions parameters for case study LM-749. Table s5. Acquisition parameters for case study LM-749. Figure s1. sun position during HSI acquisitions for case study AG-1177, calculated through the website SunCalc.org. Figure s2. Sun position during HSI acquisitions for case study IN-64.11, calculated through the website SunCalc.org. Figure s3. sun position during HSI acquisitions for case study LM-8368, calculated through the website SunCalc.org.
The Contribution of Modern Muslim Scholars and Institutions to Qurʾānic Manuscript Studies: A Preliminary Survey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Idea of this paper is to document the contributions of contemporary Muslim scholars, Islamic institutions, and postgraduate students to the study of Qurʼān manuscripts through an initial bibliographic survey. The central question addresses the extent and scope of these contributions, examining whether there was any reluctance among Muslim scholars to engage in the study of Qurʼān manuscripts. The objectives of this paper is to provide a preliminary comprehensive overview of the efforts made by contemporary Muslim scholars and Islamic institutions in this domain. Furthermore, this study showcases the significant contributions of contemporary Muslim scholars and Islamic institutions to the study of Qurʼān manuscripts, highlighting their roles and any reservations they may have had regarding the analysis of ancient Qurʼān manuscripts. The paper also identifies key challenges in this field, including the scarcity of previous studies, limited bibliographic surveys, and the lack of dedicated Qurʼānic research centers in the Muslim world. In this paper, a statistical and analytical methodology was applied, the statistical-methodology was facilitated by a preliminary bibliographic list from the e-Ma’rifa Foundation, which included books, published articles in academic journals, conference papers, and university theses. Additional data were provided by the Tafsir Center for Quranic Studies. The findings reveal that contemporary Muslim scholars, postgraduate students, and Islamic institutions have made substantial contributions to the study of Qurʼān manuscripts, with no significant opposition to analytical studies in this area. Consequently, the authors recommend the establishment of specialized centers to conduct comprehensive studies on Qurʼān manuscripts across the Muslim world.
Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and preoperative preparation of patients with gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The gastric cancer is, after colon cancer, the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of gastric cancer is usually based on the use of contrasting radiography, fiber-optic endoscopy with biopsy and histologic specimen examination. Proper diagnosis is very important for accurate preoperative tumor grading and selection of surgical intervention. The proper determination of the degree of advanced malignancy is of great importance for the proper treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Western surgeons use TNM system of classification tumors is given by the American Committee on Cancer (AJ CC), while the eastern surgeons and Japanese use the Japanese classification system which was inaugurated in 1981. Operational resolution of gastric cancer is certainly the main therapeutic procedure in the treatment of this disease. Prior to any operational work, for the successful resolution of operational cancerous lesions require adequate preoperative preparation of patients. In this way we reduce the number of postoperative complications.
Oral Treatment of Polycythaemia Vera with β-Naphthyl-di-2-Chloroethylamine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES BDICALJOURNAL be controlled by other mechanisms, such as direct or indirect action on tissue metabolism.Experimental medicine has given us most of our funda- mental knowledge of diabetes, and it seems that it will continue to increase this knowledge.It also gives us hope that new methods that will prevent or even cure this disease may be discovered.
FACTORS INFLUENCING DIGITAL PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AMONG B40 CHILDREN LIVING AT THE PUSAT PERUMAHAN RAKYAT (PPR)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Malaysia, the B40 indicates the percentage of the country's lowest-income population, sometimes known as the "Bottom 40 percent." While the Malaysian government is doing everything it can to integrate the B40s in all of its policies, one of the most difficult challenges it faces is ensuring that the B40s are up to date with the present needs of information and communication technologies. More particular, poverty frequently deprives children of positive and useful digital media experiences and skills, as well as other opportunities. These children typically do not have access to digital media and are therefore unable to fully appreciate the possibilities offered by digital technologies. This study aims to investigate the current level of digital literacy among children living in Pusat Perumahan Rakyat (PPR), a segment of the B40 group that includes children from three PPRs in the Klang Valley area. A phone survey was conducted among 308 children from three PPRs in the Klang Valley area. The Digcomp framework for digital competency was used in this study to assess the children's digital skills, with a particular emphasis on the digital problem-solving skill. Based on their informational and operational abilities, safety and security skills, communication skills, and digital participation, as well as problem-solving skills, the children were deemed to be of moderate competence. They, on the other hand, are lacking in terms of content creation and innovation. The researchers discovered that the children's problem-solving skills are significantly influenced by their other digital-literacy skills, according to the findings. The study closes by recommending the development of more inclusive digital literacy programs that are attentive to the socio-cultural milieu in which Malaysian children are raised.
Risk and Return in High-Frequency Trading

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study performance and competition among firms engaging in high-frequency trading (HFT). We construct measures of latency and find that differences in relative latency account for large differences in HFT firms’ trading performance. HFT firms that improve their latency rank due to colocation upgrades see improved trading performance. The stronger performance associated with speed comes through both the short-lived information channel and the risk management channel, and speed is useful for various strategies, including market making and cross-market arbitrage. We find empirical support for many predictions regarding relative latency competition.
Hepatic lymphangioma in a neonate: A rare case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphangiomas are benign neoplasms regarded as congenital malformations of the lymphatic system, composed of dilated endothelial lined spaces of varying sizes containing lymph. Most lymphangiomas (95%) are located in the neck or the axilla. Intra -abdominal cases account for less than 5% of all lymphangiomas, mainly mesenteric or retroperitoneal. Here we have a rare case of hepatic lymphangioma, which presented as an intra-abdominal mass and diagnosed to be congenital hepatic cyst or off-centered mesenteric cyst in NCCT and USG respectively, which was then confirmed to be arising from the liver intraoperatively. Microscopy showed multiple cystic spaces lined by flattened epithelium, for which the differential diagnosis of simple mesothelial cyst and lymphangioma was offered, which was then confirmed by IHC which showed D2-40 positivity and Calretinin negativity. Hepatic lymphangioma which was difficult to be diagnosed definitively prior to surgery. Here, morphological study and IHC turned out to be useful in arriving at definitive diagnosis.
PP47 Modelling Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Predicted and Observed Impact Of Immunotherapy In The Netherlands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Patients treated with immunotherapy are divided into two subgroups: (i) long-term survivors (LTS) and (ii) moderate survivors. Nevertheless, clinical trials (RCTs) report only average treatment effects such as hazard rate (HRs). Health economic-models often only input average treatment effects, even though it has been shown that accounting for the LTS subgroup is crucial for accurate projection of long-term survival under immunotherapy. We investigated the incorporation of a statistical mixture cure model (MCM) in a health-economic model for lung cancer as a way to account for LTS while incorporating reported average RCT-based treatment effects. Methods We developed a microsimulation model describing disease progression under three treatment lines in advanced lung cancer using Dutch real-world data of chemotherapies treated patients. Here we focus on first-line treatment, for which we used gompertz distribution to simulate time-to-progression. To simulate the impact of immunotherapy, we adjusted base-model assuming MCM for first-line treatment, where the LTS subgroup was not at risk to progress, but instead die from background mortality. The subgroup of moderate survivors on the other hand are at risk to progress with adjusted progression-free HR (PF-HR). We simulated the model with size of LTS (prop_LTS) ranging from 14-34 percent (keynote-001 five-year overall survival [OS], 95% confidence interval) while fixing average RCT PF-HR at 0.5. Model predictions under the different prop_LTS were compared to real-world Dutch OS as well as the long-term RCT five-year OS. Results With respect to observed short-term survival outcomes, model predictions were insensitive to assumptions regarding the size of the LTS subgroup. However, to match the five-year RCT OS rate reported (32%), the prop_LTS had to be equal to 34 percent. Under this latter setting for the prop_LTS, the progression HR in the subgroup of moderate survivors was calibrated to be 1.1. Conclusions The use of a mixture cure model improves long-term model-based projections with the implicit assumption that moderate survivors have little or no treatment benefit.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Situation Based Learning Muatan Matematika Materi Bangun Ruang Kelas VI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Research and development of Situation Based Learning LKPD is conducted to improve the quality of learning and meaningful learning for students in the material of building class VI. LKPD Based on Situation Based Learning is a sheet of activity that contains material and assignments for students with 4 stages including creating mathematical situations, posing mathematical problem, solving mathematical problems, and applying mathematics. In this study using the ADDIE research model with 5 stages, namely Analysis-Design-Develop-Implement Evaluate). Data collection in this study was in the form of a questionnaire (questionnaire) which was given to the validation of material experts, media experts, and class VI teachers as users in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the validation by material experts showed a percentage of 95 percent, 100 percent of media experts, 93.75 percent of users and 96.9 percent of student response questionnaires, so it can be said that Situation Based Learning LKPD is very valid, practical and usable. Abstrak: Penelitian dan pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Situation Based Learning dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan pembelajaran bermakna bagi siswa pada materi bangun ruang kelas VI. LKPD Berbasis Situation Based Learning adalah lembaran aktivitas yang berisi materi dan tugas untuk siswa dengan 4 tahapan meliputi creating mathematical situation, posing mathematical probel, solving mathematical problem, dan applying mathematics. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian ADDIE dengan 5 tahapan yaitu Analysis-Design-Develop-Implement Evaluate). Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa angket (kuesioner) yang diberikan kepada validasi ahli materi, ahli media, dan guru kelas VI sebagai pengguna berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil validasi oleh ahli materi menunjukkan presentase sebesar 95 persen, ahli media sebesar 100 persen, pengguna sebesar 93,75 persen dan angket respon siswa sebesar 96,9 persen, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa LKPD Berbasis Situation Based Learning sangat valid, praktis dan dapat digunakan.
A Plethora of Negative-Refraction Phenomenons in Relativistic and Non-Relativistic Scenarios

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In accordance with Snel's law of refraction, whether a plane wave is refracted in the negative sense or positive sense at a planar boundary between two homogenous mediums is determined solely by the orientation of the real parts of the wavevectors involved. Thus, negative refraction should be distinguished from the associated but independent phenomenons of negative phase velocity, counterposition and negative deflection of energy flux. None of these phenomenons is Lorentz covariant.
Case Report: Profound Anemia in a 2-Year-Old Boy Associated with a Leech in the Oropharynx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. A 2-year-old boy presented to Kapsowar Mission Hospital in Kenya with a history of general tiredness associated with mild, unilateral epistaxis and one episode of hematemesis. On admission, he had a hemoglobin value of 3.5 g/dL, with a white cell count of 20.6 × 10 9 /L. The child was examined by the physician on call, with no source of bleeding found. Later that day, after a local physician noted that the presentation could be due to an unrecognized leech infestation, a deep examination of the oropharynx was performed with a laryngoscope and revealed a leech attached deep in the oropharynx. The anesthetist visualized the leech with a laryngoscope and removed it with Magill forceps. After the procedure and blood transfusion, the child’s hemoglobin level improved to 10.4 g/dL, and on the following day, the child was much improved in energy and was playing outside. He was discharged home on iron supplements and made a full recovery.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Cationic Derivatives of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug, , β-Glycyrrhizinic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The anti-inflammatory drug, β-glycyrrhizinic acid 20-methyl ester (GMe), was converted to cationic variants (CGRs) by derivatizing diglucronic carboxyl groups with 2- (N-ethyl-, N-butyl- and N-benzyl-N, N-dimetylammonio) ethylamines. Critical micellar concentrations, ranging from 0.40.7mM, were essentially independent of solution pH from 5 to 9 and approximated that of GMe (0.3mM at pH 57.4). Transferability (%) of CGRs from water to 1-octanol phase at higher-than-neutral pH was much more than that of GMe or β-glycyrrhizinic acid (GL) : CGBu (55) >CGBn (20) >CGEt (15) >GMe (10) >GL (0). CGRs remarkably accelerated the release of the carboxyfluorescein (CF) trapped inside DPPC vesicles with no costing significant damage to cell membranes. The CF-releasing mechanism was examined kinetically by differential scanning calorimetory, light-scattering and electron microcopy.
Comparative study of curative effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride and atropine in treating acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare the curative effects between penehyclidine hydrochloride (PQN) and atropine in treating acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). Methods Fifty-six AOPP patients were randomly assigned to 2 equal groups to be treated with PQN or atropine as control group. Both PQN and atropine were used in combination with paralidoxime chloride. The treatment last until the clinical manifestation of AOPP basically disappeared and the blood cholinesterase activity was recovered to over 60%. Results There were no significant difference between these 2 groups in the sex, age, amount of the poisonous substance taken, and the time interval between poison taking and hospital visit. In the penehyclidine hydrochloride group only 1 case was complicated by intermediate syndrome and 27 cases had recovered; and in the control group 2 cases had repeat attacks,5 cases suffered from atropine poisoning, 3 cases were complicate by intermediate syndrome, and 23 cases were cured, There was a significant difference in the rate of complications between the two groups (P0.01). Conclusion With significantly less side effects, penehyclidine Hydrochloride is better than atropine in treating AOPP.