jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Rolling Textures in an Austenitic Stainless Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Three dimensional texture analysis by means of orientation distribution functions (ODF) was used to examine the texture development during rolling at 473 K in an austenitic stainless steel. With the help of ODFs results, the different stages of texture development could be assigned to the existing theories of heterogeneous deformation mechanisms of low SFE face‐centred cubic metals. The texture at very low degree of rolling consists of two limited orientation tubes with their fibre axes 〈110〉//ND and 〈110〉60 ∘ ND and agrees with the predictions made by Taylor model. With further deformation, twinning causes the reduction of ≈{112}〈111〉 component and leads to the formation of twin {552}〈115〉. Abnormal slip on slip planes parallel to the twin boundaries rotates the twins into the {332}〈113〉 and {111}〈110〉 positions. The shear bands formation in the rotated twin‐matrix lamellae changes their orientations near to {011}〈100〉 and {011}〈112〉 positions. Finally, normal slip again continues and sharpens the brass‐type rolling texture.
Overexpression of the late embryonic genesis abundant protein MGL3 improves the drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract With the increasing severity of climate change, drought has become a global issue that seriously restricts the development and production of crops. Maize ( Zea mays L.) is one of the major food crops in the world. Therefore, the demand for drought‐tolerant maize varieties has been rapidly increasing in the market. Recent studies have found that late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are involved in plant responses to various osmotic stresses such as drought and salt stress. Thus, we hypothesized that LEA genes may provide similar stress tolerance abilities in maize. We isolated ZmMGL3 of the LEA gene family and developed transgenic maize plants overexpressing ZmMGL3 using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Then, we conducted physiological and biochemical evaluations of the transgenic maize plants exposed to drought stress. Under drought stress (10% polyethylene glycol 6000), the transgenic maize plants showed improved germination rate, seed vigor, radicle length, root length at the seedling stage, and wilting degree after drought and rewatering compared to the wild‐type plants. The transgenic plants also accumulated more catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radicals compared to the wild‐type plants. These results indicate that ZmMGL3 enhances drought resistance in maize plants by reducing the content of reactive oxygen species in the leaves and can be used as a candidate gene for the development of drought‐tolerant maize varieties.
The search for and study of the strange multibaryon states in systems with Λ-hyperon and K s 0 -meson in pA collision at momentum of 10 GeV/c

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

he observed well-known resonances $\Sigma^0$ $\Sigma^{*+}$(1385) and $K^{*\pm}$(892) from PDG are good tests of this method. Exotic strange multibaryon states have been observed in the effective mass spectra of: $\Lambda \pi^{\pm}$,$\Lambda \gamma$, $\Lambda p$, $\Lambda p p$ subsystems. The mean value of mass for $\Sigma^{*-}(1385)$ resonance is shifted till mass of 1370 MeV/$c^2$ and width is two times larger than the same value from PDG. Such kind of behavior for width and invariant mass of $\Sigma^{*-}(1385)$ resonance is interpreted as extensive contribution from stopped $\Xi^-\to\Lambda\pi^-$ and medium effect with invariant mass. The mean value of mass for $\Sigma^{*+}(1385)$ from secondary interactions is also shifted till mass of 1370 MeV/$c^2$. The width of $\Sigma^0$ is $\approx$ 2 times larger than the experimental error. There are enhancement production for all observed hyperons.
Comparativein silicoandin vitrostudy of the stability and biological activity of an octapeptide from microalgaeIsochrysis zhanjiangensisand its truncated short peptide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, the structural characteristics and active sites of the octapeptide (IIAVEAGC), the pentapeptide (IIAVE) and tripeptide (AGC) were studied in silica and in vitro .
Intake Air Humidity Consideration for DEF Tank Sizing for Tier 4 Emission Compliance Engines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) Tier 4 emission standard requires locomotive engines to meet emission compliance at any ambient humidity for an ambient temperature of 60 to 105 F and an altitude level of up to 7000 ft. The engine tests were run at a range of intake air humidity and temperature to determine oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions sensitivity to humidity, intake air temp for large bore diesel engines and compared with humidity correction factor recommended by EPA. Further, the change in NOx concentration altered conversion efficiency of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst. Hence, the change in Ammonia to NOx ratio and amount of DEF fluid required to achieve target NOx emissions reduction were studied. Considering this effect, the doser and DEF tank sizing strategy was defined based on in-use ambient humidity, temperature and altitude test conditions in order to mitigate risk of running out of DEF fluid during in-use operation of locomotives.
Synopsis of Discussions in Session 4

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr. Schleimer’s talk emphasized that whereas innate immunity seems to help maintain inflammation and tissue destruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it also seems to be protective, because deficiencies can result in COPD exacerbations and increased susceptibility to infection. A discussant noted that, whereas many studies have found marked deficiencies in innate immunity in cigarette smokers, not all smokers develop COPD. Dr. Schleimer pointed out that some neonates are prone to infections until their adaptive immunity develops, and this is thought to be caused by deficiencies in proteins, such as mannose-binding lectin or C-reactive protein. He speculated that these deficiencies remain silent throughout adult life but can become apparent when immune responses are compromised by cigarette smoking. Another discussant commented that people who had severe infection in early life are known to be at higher risk of COPD. This link has been attributed to damaged lung function but may relate as much or more to susceptibility to infection. People with COPD have an increased number of apoptotic cells, which has been presumed to reflect increased apoptosis. A discussant asked whether the increase might instead indicate a defect in the clearance of apoptotic cells and be one of the mechanisms that cause inflammation. Dr. Schleimer replied that particulates, especially carbon particles, paralyze the reticuloendothelial system and are expected to reduce the rate of engulfment of apoptotic cells. Another process at work, he said, is that apoptotic cells generate cell membrane material and other necrotic particles that can activate toll-like receptors, triggering NFB pathways and causing inflammation. Dr. Schleimer added that there is a close association between autoimmune responses and deficiencies in complement pathways. The complement system clears apoptotic cells, and if it is compromised, presumably more potential self-antigens are present to stimulate toll-like receptors and possibly drive adaptive immunity. He said these observations support the hypothesis that autoimmune responses are associated with COPD. Dr. Chung addressed how airway wall remodeling contributes to COPD and whether airway smooth muscle could be a site for therapeutic intervention. He presented his group’s data showing that release of interleukin (IL)-8 increases when airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are exposed to cigarette smoke, because of oxidative stress. The corticosteroid fluticasone propionate inhibits the IL-8 release. A discussant expressed surprise at the results, noting that based on earlier discussions of the effects of oxidative stress, ASM is not expected to be steroid-responsive. Dr. Chung explained that his studies involved single, short exposures to steroid, over just a few hours, so that perhaps mecha-
Genomic Insights of Wheat Root-Associated Lysinibacillus fusiformis Reveal Its Related Functional Traits for Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Products

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The negative ecological impact of industrialization, which involves the use of petroleum products and dyes in the environment, has prompted research into effective, sustainable, and economically beneficial green technologies. For green remediation primarily based on active microbial metabolites, these microbes are typically from relevant sources. Active microbial metabolite production and genetic systems involved in xenobiotic degradation provide these microbes with the advantage of survival and proliferation in polluted ecological niches. In this study, we evaluated the ability of wheat root-associated L. fusiformis MGMM7 to degrade xenobiotic contaminants such as crude oil, phenol, and azo dyes. We sequenced the whole genome of MGMM7 and provided insights into the genomic structure of related strains isolated from contaminated sources. The results revealed that influenced by its isolation source, L. fusiformis MGMM7 demonstrated remediation and plant growth-promoting abilities in soil polluted with crude oil. Lysinibacillus fusiformis MGMM7 degraded up to 44.55 ± 5.47% crude oil and reduced its toxicity in contaminated soil experiments with garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Additionally, L. fusiformis MGMM7 demonstrated a significant ability to degrade Congo Red azo dye (200 mg/L), reducing its concentration by over 60% under both static and shaking cultivation conditions. However, the highest degradation efficiency was observed under shaking conditions. Genomic comparison among L. fusiformis strains revealed almost identical genomic profiles associated with xenobiotic assimilation. Genomic relatedness using Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) revealed that MGMM7 is distantly related to TZA38, Cu-15, and HJ.T1. Furthermore, subsystem distribution and pangenome analysis emphasized the distinctive features of MGMM7, including functional genes in its chromosome and plasmid, as well as the presence of unique genes involved in PAH assimilation, such as phnC/T/E, which is involved in phosphonate biodegradation, and nemA, which is involved in benzoate degradation and reductive degradation of N-ethylmaleimide. These findings highlight the potential properties of petroleum-degrading microorganisms isolated from non-contaminated rhizospheres and offer genomic insights into their functional diversity for xenobiotic remediation.
Are There Close Encounters Between Signaling Pathways?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Do different signaling pathways inside the same cell talk to each other? Evidence suggests that in the worm and fly, signaling pathways exist as separate linear cassettes, whereas in mammalian cells there does appear to be cross talk between signaling pathways. However, as
Noselli and Perrimon
argue in their Perspective, most of the evidence in mammalian cells comes from tumor cells and overexpression assays. They suggest that true cross talk may not actually exist in mammalian cells under normal circumstances.
Developing organic cookies with improved consumer properties using safety management approaches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to improve the mineral, vitamin composition, and nutritional value of flour confectionery products, new recipes for the "Flori" and "Janet" cookies baked from organic raw materials have been devised. Fully organic raw materials are used in the formulations of both products. The composition of cookies includes spelt flour, cornflour, coconut sugar, butter, dry coconut milk, sea buckthorn oil, hemp oil, lemon balm powder. The organoleptic assessment of cookies was conducted according to a 50-point scale developed by the authors of this paper. The developed samples ranked high on the tasting score: "Flori" (48.12) and "Janet" (49.25). The fat content was decreased in both samples; in the "Flori" sample ‒ by 0.9 g/100 g, and in the "Janet" sample ‒ by 1.2 g/100 g. The protein content increased in the samples, especially in the "Flori" cookies ‒ by 2.3 g/100 g. The "Janet" cookie sample demonstrated the lowest energy value of 380.50 kcal/100 g. The samples were distinguished by the low content of mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. The content of all mineral elements except for sodium increased in the developed biscuits. The potassium content increased by 2.34 times in the "Flori" biscuits and by 2.29 times in the "Janet" biscuits. The calcium content in the "Flori" cookies increased by 3.13 times, in the "Janet" cookies ‒ by 3.64 times. The content of manganese in both samples increased noticeably. Consuming the developed organic cookies makes it possible to increase the level of meeting the human body's requirements for macro- and microelements. The Ishikawa method was used to identify the main factors affecting the safety of cookies. A flowchart of cookie production was drawn up; the critical points were identified. These include the acceptance inspection of raw materials, heat treatment. The data obtained can be used by the confectionery industry to expand the range of organic products.
Quantification of bioactive marker β-amyrin by validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic- densitometric method in different species ofMaytenusgrown in Saudi Arabia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A simple and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC)-densitometric method was developed and validated for quantification of β-amyrin in the crude extracts of two species of Maytenus (Maytenus obscura and Maytenus parviflora) grown in Saudi Arabia. HPTLC-densitometry was performed on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates with the binary mobile phase hexane-ethyl acetate (3:1, v/v). The developed plate was derivatized with p-anisaldehyde, then scanned and quantified densitometrically at 550 nm. The system was found to give a compact spot for β-amyrin at RF value of 0.38 ± 0.01. The method was found to be satisfactory in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The content of β-amyrin was estimated as 0.42% ± 0.01% and 0.88% ± 0.01% w/w in M. obscura and M. parviflora, respectively. The developed HPTLC technique can be very useful for the quantification of β-amyrin present in various medicinal plants.
Technetium-99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography findings correlated with P-glycoprotein expression in pituitary adenoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the technetium-99m sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) characteristics of pituitary adenomas might be correlated with cavernous sinus invasion, proliferative potential or the multidrug-resistance (MDR-1) gene product P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in pituitary adenomas. Fifteen patients with pituitary adenomas, including 10 nonfunctioning adenomas, two prolactinomas, two GH producing adenomas, and one ACTH producing adenomas was investigated for this study. SPECT images with (99m)Tc-MIBI were acquired 15 minutes (early) and 3 hours (delayed) after injection. The tumor-to-normal brain ratio was calculated both early (ER) and delayed (DR) images. Retention index (RI) was calculated using the following formula: (DR-ER)/ERx100%. The pituitary adenomas specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry using anti-Pgp and MIB-1 monoclonal antibodies.(99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT findings were not related to MIB-1 labeling index or cavernous sinus invasion. (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT RI (-38.55+/-20.77) of the Pgp-positive group was significantly lower than that (-15.78+/-19.40) of Pgp-negative group (p=0.0494). No significant difference was observed in the ER and DR of (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT between Pgp-positive and negative groups. Our study suggests that although (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT is not useful to evaluate the proliferative potential or cavernous sinus invasion of pituitary adenomas. (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT could predict anti-cancer drug resistance related to the expression of Pgp in pituitary adenomas.
RECENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES) IN NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA AND SOUTHEASTERN UTAH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The low number of records and specimens of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for Arizona and Utah through the 1960s prompted us to collect verified records of the species from the Navajo Nation in northeastern Arizona and southeastern Utah. We compiled and verified 80 visual observations of 88 live and dead foxes, and 21 specimens, from the study area between 1979 and 2001. We also compiled 686 supplemental records of foxes reportedly trapped by permitted fur-trappers within the same area and time period. This work verified that the red fox was common to this region despite the low number of records prior to the 1960s and that northeastern Arizona should be included in distribution maps for the species. We analyzed temporal and spatial distributions of fox records and determined the vegetation types and elevational range of records within the study area. Numbers of trapped foxes (and trappers) peaked during the mid 1980s, but the number of observations has remained relatively constant. Foxes occupied a 1,100-m range of elevations and were observed in equal numbers in 3 vegetation types that comprise 95% of the study area. Seventeen of the 21 specimens were measured for 15 standard cranial measurements. A thorough literature review and museum search revealed 8 specimens previously documented elsewhere.
Neonatal Mice Cardiomyocytes Gene Expression and Proliferation Rate at Day 1 and 7

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study compared proliferation rate and expression of cardiac stem cell markers in one day seven days old mice hearts (1D and 7D). Primary antibodies Ki-67 and C-kit were used in immunohistochemistry and primers C-kit, GATA-4, Myh6, Sca-1 and Mesp1 were used in quantitative PCR. \n \nThis study found a considerably higher proliferation rate and a higher number of C-kit+ stem cells in 1D than in 7D samples, but the difference was not statistically significant due to a small sample size. A significant difference in the expression of other studied markers was not found. These findings suggest that a decrease in proliferation rate and the number of C-kit+ stem cells coincide with the loss of regenerative potential. Therefore, it is possible that either, or both, of these changes are responsible for the closure of the regenerative window.
CYP2S1 rs338599 polymorphism confers reduced risk to anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury and may be a novel marker for its risk prediction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose In the present study, we would like to explore whether Cytochrome P450 2S1 (CYP2S1) rs338599 polymorphism confers risk to anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ADLI) and provide evidence of being used as novel marker for ADLI risk prediction. Patients and methods A total of 162 pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from August 2018 to March 2021 were selected. Patients who developed into ADLI were assigned as ADLI group ( n = 50), and those who did not developed into ADLI were assigned as non‐ADLI group ( n = 112). The CYP2S1 rs338599 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method using binary logistic regression analyses through adjusting for age and sex. Results No difference was detected in age, sex, smoking status, profession, education level, marital status, alcohol consumption, or using liver‐protecting drugs ( p > 0.05). Compared with non‐ADLI group, GG genotype and G allele were significantly higher in ADLI group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicated that CYP2S1 rs338599 polymorphism conferred reduced risk to ADLI. The tuberculosis patients who had GG genotype or G allele were not susceptible to ADLI. CYP2S1 rs338599 polymorphism may be a novel marker for ADLI risk prediction.
Sustainable Rural Tourism of Lower Danube Region in Serbia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustainable tourism implies preserved space, prevents ecological and socio-cultural devastation, but at the same time encourages tourism development. Their application and adequate implementation increases the chance of a tourist destination that will be able to develop sustainable tourism, so the aim of this paper is to separate characteristics and principles of sustainability on certain areas and to show their advantages and limitations. In this paper are introspected factors of tourism development, both in a positive and in a negative context. It was hypothesized that sustainable rural tourism in the Lower Danube region has a comparative advantage, but it is also a major challenge for the community. Methodological setting is qualitative, based on the contextual dimension of the data, empirical observations, exploratory research and observations. Obtained results show that the tourist offer of sustainable rural tourism in the Lower Danube region has its own unique values, which should continue to explore.
Walleye Egg Survival Was Unaffected by Four Semen Inclusion Techniques during Artificial Fertilization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Improving the percent hatch during artificial spawning of walleye (Sander vitreus) could save agencies substantial resources. Semen inclusion techniques used to artificially fertilize walleye eggs may have a subsequent influence on the percent hatch. We compared walleye egg survival to the early embryo stage across four semen inclusion techniques used during fertilization to determine if one or more of the techniques would result in a higher percent hatch. Six mL of freshly collected (within 2 h) semen was presented to common pools of walleye eggs separated into 250 mL lots by either 1) pouring semen on top of the eggs before sperm activation, 2) placing 3 mL of semen below and above the eggs before sperm activation, 3) pouring 3 mL of semen on top of the eggs, activating sperm, and adding the remaining 3 mL of semen after 30 s, or 4) activating the sperm by adding semen to 1 L of water, mixing and pouring the solution on the eggs within 3 s. All treatments received 1 L of filtered lake water for sperm activation and fertilization. Mean egg survival was similar ranging from 49.5% to 56.7% among the four techniques and was not significantly different across methods. These results suggest that any of the semen inclusion techniques will likely provide a similar percent hatch for walleye eggs when 250 mL of eggs, 6 mL of semen, and 1 L of water are used during fertilization.
<title>Diffraction by fractal apertures and Babinet's principle</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Babinet's principle establishes the equivalency from the diffracting fields by complementary gratings. In this work there is shown results obtained by the diffracting field of different orders of Cantor's and Sierpinski's Fractals and their complementary, according to Babinet's principle, observed experimentally and computer simulations. The agreement of results is excellent.
Influence of Substrate Concentration on the Activation of Transketolase,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

hydroxyphenylglycol by high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr 227, 391-405 (1982). 12. Santagostino G, Frattini P, Schinelli S, et al. Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol determination using reversed-phase chromatography with amperometric detection. J Chromatogr