jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Letter from W.H. Smith to James B. Finley

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Williams & Smith Co., editors and publishers of the temperance magazine, Crystal Fount, write to Finley for his help. The agents collecting subscriptions in Ohio, Bain and Ackerman, have failed to submit payment. Hundreds of subscriptions have been obtained by these men in Ohio, but the money has not been forwarded. Therefore, the Fount has not been distributed to Ohio subscribers. The publishers would like Finley to interview Bain and Ackerman to determine what is happening. If the latter have abandoned the Fount, the publishers would like suggestions for replacement agents. Abstract Number - 579
14.1 In Practice: RECOVERY Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Randomised Evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Therapy Trial (RECOVERY) has been the largest COVID-19 treatment study conducted. It provided compelling evidence on the safety and efficacy, or lack thereof, of a multitude of therapies postulated to be of benefit to COVID-19 patients. This chapter describes the background and environment that led to the protocol design, the key characteristics of the protocol, the operational elements facilitating speedy execution of the study, and the impact and subsequent international expansion of the study.
The influence of erbium on electrical and photoelectric properties of amorphous silicon produced by radio-frequency silane decomposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermal evaporation of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-2,5-heptadionato) Er(III) inside the plasma gap was used to introduce erbium into amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) obtained by radio-frequency silane decomposition. The samples obtained had a pronounced layered structure due to exhaustion of the erbium source. The layer nearest to the substrate was enriched with erbium, oxygen, and carbon; gave rise to luminescence with a wavelength of 1.535 µm characteristic of 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 intra-atomic transitions of erbium; and contained a large number of defects. The top layer contained much fewer defects, was close to undoped a-Si:H in the photoelectric characteristics, and was responsible for photoconductivity in the samples obtained. The experimental data are analyzed in the context of the models for doping of a-Si:H with Er with the resulting emergence of n-type conduction and formation of heterojunction as the film grows.
[An experience nursing a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using the theory of self-care].

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and lethal motor neurodegenerative disease. The cause of the disease is unknown, and there is no cure current clinical treatment methods include Riluzole and supportive therapy. However, Riluzole only decelerates the patient's muscle strength loss and prolongs survival by about 3-5 months (Aventis Pharmaceutical, 2004). The patient will die eventually because of aspiration pneumonia or respiratory failure. This paper documents the use of Orem's self-care theory and holistic nursing assessment in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There are four areas of nursing concern: impaired self-care ability (dressing, feeding, toileting, and bathing), risk of falls, impaired verbal communication, and powerlessness. In terms of these problems suitable nursing activities are provided to develop the patient's ability to care for himself, prevent accidents, promote skills of non-verbal communication, and alleviate powerlessness in order to strengthen control.
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Trafficking in human beings, also known as slavery in modern times, is a serious crime as well as a violation of fundamental human rights and dignity. The purpose of trafficking is to exploit vulnerable persons for the sole purpose of profit. Every state is affected in some form or form of trafficking in human beings. The term "modern form of slavery" can also be found in the literature and practice of some countries; a term used to raise awareness of what trafficking may look like to people who are uninformed. There are still many myths about trafficking one of them is that trafficking only happens internationally and that the international element of the trafficking offense is qualifying. In fact, although many cases of trafficking in human beings involve an international element, where the victim is taken from one state to another and exploited there, trafficking also occurs within the territory of the same state and is known as "internal trafficking". Trafficking in human beings is a serious crime and above all a violation of dignity and fundamental human rights. Considering it as such, the awareness as well as the attention of the state and the whole society towards the prevention and uncompromising fight against trafficking in human beings has recently increased; hitting on the phenomenon, identifying cases, investigating, prosecuting and bringing to justice all perpetrators of the crime of trafficking in human beings. The UN Protocol to Prevent, Eliminate and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, 2000, known as the Palermo Protocol, Article 3 states that: Trafficking in human beings means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, accommodation or support of persons, through threats or by use of force or various forms of coercion, kidnapping, lying, abuse of power or powerlessness, giving or receiving money or benefits, with the intent to gain the consent of any person who has control to any other person, for the needs of exploitation. A number of international documents and conventions constitute the legal basis for the drafting of adequate legislation against trafficking in human beings and the protection of human rights, such as: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and of Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAE), UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Home-Based Viewing (El Velorio) After Death: A Cost-Effective Alternative for Some Families

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

After the death of a loved one, giving an opportunity to view the body helps bring families and friends together to celebrate the life and mourn the passing of a person. This gathering, known as a Wake or a Viewing, precedes the burial and usually lasts from 1 to several days. In the United States, the viewing now takes place in funeral parlors, away from the decedent's home. However, there are still several countries and people who keep the body at home where the family and friends are invited to say their goodbyes. We present here 2 cases for which our Hospice assisted the families with a home viewing. These were indigent people who could not afford embalming or the additional cost of a viewing in a parlor and who, without this opportunity, would have not had time to get together and mourn and celebrate life as friends, family, and community.
One way to accomplish the advanced requests of nanometrology: the nanometer coordinate measuring machine (NCMM)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To achieve large area AFM scans in millimeter range without stitching procedures a Nanometer Coordinate Measuring Machine(NCMM) is under development. We have combined a specially manufactured UltraObjective AFM head of S.I.S. GmbH with the first prototype of an ultra precise nanometer positioning system of SIOS Messtechnik GmbH in cooperation with the Technical University Ilmenau. That means having a sensor system that delivers x-, y- and z-position with interferometer accuracy of almost 1nm and z-probing with resolution of an Atomic Force Microscope. Overall we are building a measuring instrument with a working volume of at least 20mm x 20mm x 5mm without leaving nanometer accuracy. Last year we presented the first AFM measurements of the NCMM with scan lengths up to 500 microns. After all this is 5 times more than conventional SPMs can achieve, but it is only the first step on the way to advanced characterization techniques in the field of nanometrology. The calibration of our NCMM has been improved and AFM scans with millimeter ranges are performed. The progress made will be shown in this paper. It also will present observed obstacles regarding to the endeavors of developing advanced metrology techniques for the tremendously increasing field of nanometrology. For example measuring speed, amount of measuring data and suitable measurement strategies have to be discussed.
1www.eurosurveillance.org Letters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We would like to thank Dr Plans-Rubió for his com-ments regarding the reproductive number. It has to be noted that measles is highly infectious and the low estimated reproductive number estimated is likely to be the result of the relatively high levels of vaccination in Merseyside over time [1]. However, the levels have been lower than the 95 % recommended by the World Health Organisation needed to prevent out-breaks [2], leaving a pool of susceptible individuals within the population of Merseyside. Therefore, as we have taken account of the immunised population in Merseyside, our estimate as rightly sug-gested by Dr Plans-Rubió represents an effective repro-ductive number (R) rather than the basic reproductive number (R0) for measles.
Effects of Hormone Treatment on Seed Storage Matter of Schisandra chinensen (Turcz.) Baill. during Low Temperature Stratification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper study the ratio of embryo,the changes of soluble sugars,soluble proteins and total nucleic acid of Schisandra chinensen(Turcz.)seeds after treated with different hormones during low temperature stratification.The results showed that hormone treatment could improve the embryo morphologism,the physiological after-ripening period and the metabolism of storage substance.The treatment of 6-BA 50 mg/L+GA3 200mg/L were significantly higher than other treatments in the ratio of embryo,the germination rate of seeds,the content of the soluble protein and the total nucleic acid.
94-OR: Reappearance of C-Peptide during the Third Trimester in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy: Pancreatic Regeneration or Fetal Hyperinsulinism?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: Endogenous insulin secretion may increase in type 1 diabetes pregnancy. We assessed longitudinal patterns of maternal C-peptide concentration to investigate potential mechanisms.Methods: Highly-sensitive direct and solid-phase competitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassays measured C-peptide in maternal serum (12, 24, 34 wks; n127) and cord blood (n85) from the continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes pregnancy trial (CONCEPTT).Results: Three discrete patterns of maternal C-peptide trajectory were identified (Figure1): Pattern 1 undetectable throughout pregnancy (Figure1a; n74; 58%); Pattern 2 detectable at baseline (Figure1b; n22; 17%); Pattern 3 undetectable C-peptide (12 and 24wks), became detectable at 34 wks (Figure1b; n31; 24%). Offspring of women in pattern 3 had higher rates of neonatal hypoglycemia (42% vs. 14%; p=0.001), large-for-gestational-age (Figure1c; 90% vs. 60%; p=0.002) and elevated cord blood C-peptide (Figure 1d; geometric mean 1319 vs. 718 pmol/l; p=0.007) compared to offspring from women in pattern 1, despite comparable 34-week glycemia.Conclusion: Increased C-peptide in maternal serum at 34 weeks suggests fetal hyperinsulinism with fetal-to-maternal transfer not improved maternal beta cell function. First appearance of C peptide in late pregnancy could identify pregnancies at highest risk of neonatal complications.View largeDownload slideView largeDownload slide DisclosureC. L. Meek: None. R. A. Oram: Consultant; Self; Janssen Research & Development, LLC. T. J. Mcdonald: None. D. Feig: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk. A. T. Hattersley: None. H. R. Murphy: None.FundingJDRF (17/2011/533, 80/2010/585); Medtronic; Diabetes UK (17/0005712, 16/0005529); European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes; Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF19SA058974); National Institute for Health Research (CDF-2013-06-035); UK Wellcome Trust; Tommy’s
Formation of an αHelix in Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α by Guanidine Hydrochloride-induced Unfolding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a trimeric protein consisting primarily of β-sheet. GdnHCI-induced unfolding of TNF-α was investigated at room temperature by circular dichroism (CD) and size exclusion chromatography. The secondary and tertiary structure of TNF-α persisted up to 0.9N GdnHCI regardless of incubation time, but, in the range of 1.2 N to 2.1 N GdnHCI, there was loss of tertiary structure accompanied by the formation of an α-helix, as revealed by far- and near-UV CD spectra. The structural changes occurred gradually in 1.2 and 2.1 N GdnHCI, but were rapid in 1.5 and 1.8 N GdnHCI. The GdnHCI-induced state of TNF-α is an unfolded, α-helical aggregate of about 130 monomers, as shown by size exclusion chromatography. We suggest the most likely pathway for the transition from β-sheet to α-helix.
5-Fluorouracil Metabolizing Enzymes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The uracil analog 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used as part of combination therapy for the treatment of breast, head/neck, and gastrointestinal malignancies, and has single-agent activity in colorectal cancer. 5-FU itself is inactive and requires intracellular conversion to form cytotoxic nucleotides (1). Several cellular targets for fluoropyrimidines have been well-characterized, including inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and false base incorporation into RNA or DNA. Most investigations into cellular resistance factors regulating 5-FU activity have focused on alterations in (TS) levels and reduced folate pools, the required cofactor for binding dUMP to thymidylate synthase (1). However, the majority of an administered 5-FU dose undergoes metabolism to inactive species through a three-enzyme process, which is initiated and rate-limited by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; EC 1.3.1.2). Following a bolus injection of 5-FU, 80% is degraded via DPD after 24 h after administration (2). Studies of 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in mice bearing colon tumors found catabolites made up 51% of labeled drug in the tumor, compared with 26% for the anabolic products (3).
The Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract. This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) scale in the assessment of situational performance-related experiences. We administered the scale to 483 Finnish athletes before a practice session to assess the intensity and perceived impact of their performance-related feeling states. The hypothesized two-factor structure indicating functional effects (10 items) and dysfunctional effects (10 items) toward performance was examined via exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Regarding the intensity and perceived impact dimensions of reported states, ESEM and CFA showed a good fit for a two-factor solution of a 14-item PBS-S scale (seven functional and seven dysfunctional items). For both intensity and impact ratings, core state functional modalities were bodily, cognitive, and volitional, while core state dysfunctional modalities were volitional, operational, and anxiety. Findings support the use of a 14-item PBS-S scale to measure a range of preperformance states.
Phylogenetic Analysis of allopolyploid species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In principle all methods of phylogenetic analysis presuppose that evolution is divergent, hence phylogenetic analysis of allopolyploids poses the problem that allopolyploids by definition have evolved by reticulation.The use of sequence data for phylogenetic analysis may solve part of the problem but other problems may arise.Sequences from the nuclear genome of the allopolyploids may be extracted from each of the genomes derived from the progenitor species and, provided that these genomes have not interacted, it is possible to track the evolutionary history of each genome and hence of the allopolyploid.Data from the organellar genomes, usually the plastids, may provide additional information about the direction of the initial hybridization event creating the allopolyploid, e.g., point to the maternal (in most seed plants) or paternal (in conifers) parent.A method that efficiently and selectively amplifies genome specific sequences from allopolyploids is briefly described.Examples from the Triticeae (i.e., the genera Hordeum, Triticum, and Hordelymus) are used to discuss the potential strength and possible problems of the method related to phylogenetic analysis of allopolyploids.
Risk of postmenopausal hip fracture in Mexican American women.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the risk of hip fracture in Mexican Americans, the ethnicity of 80 women aged 50 years and over admitted with hip fractures to a Texas hospital was compared with that of age-matched women hospitalized for other reasons. The risk of fracture for Mexican Americans was only 35 per cent that of Whites (95% CI = 19 per cent, 65 per cent). This finding was confirmed in a chart survey performed in a second hospital population. These results suggest that Mexican American women may receive less potential benefit from preventive measures for hip fracture than Whites.
Resistance to protease inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

HIV-1 produces most of its viral proteins as large precursor proteins (Figure 1), including the Gag and the GagPol precursor proteins. The Gag precursor encodes the structural proteins of the virus, whereas GagPol encodes the three viral enzymes protease, reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase. HIV-1 protease is responsible for the cleavage of these two precursor proteins at a number of different cleavage sites in a defined order, which results in the formation of mature infectious virus particles [–3]. The HIV-1 protease enzyme is a homodimeric enzyme comprising two identical symmetrical subunits of 99 amino acids (Figure 2a). In the middle of the enzyme, there is a cavity that forms the substrate-binding cleft and the active site of the enzyme lies at the bottom of the cleft. The top of the cleft is covered by two mobile flaps, which allow the substrate to enter or leave the cleft.
Event-Based Dynamic Graph Representation Learning for Patent Application Trend Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate prediction of what types of patents that companies will apply for in the next period of time can figure out their development strategies and help them discover potential partners or competitors in advance. Although important, this problem has been rarely studied in previous research due to the challenges in modeling companies-continuously evolving preferences and capturing the semantic correlations of classification codes. To fill this gap, we propose an event-based dynamic graph learning framework for patent application trend prediction. In particular, our method is founded on the memorable representations of both companies and patent classification codes. When a new patent is observed, the representations of the related companies and classification codes are updated according to the historical memories and the currently encoded messages. Moreover, a hierarchical message passing mechanism is provided to capture the semantic proximities of patent classification codes by updating their representations along the hierarchical taxonomy. Finally, the patent application trend is predicted by aggregating the representations of the target company and classification codes from static, dynamic and hierarchical perspectives. Experiments on real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach under various experimental conditions, and also reveal the abilities of our method in learning semantics of classification codes and tracking technology developing trajectories of companies.
Assessment of the fabric's wear by sound measurements on soldier's uniforms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on the evaluation of fabrics friction sound using two different approaches (instrumental and sensory) to analyze the influence of fabric wear on friction sounds. For this purpose, four fabrics were selected and have undergone multiple washes (up to 50). A specific device reproducing the human arm motion is used to produce and record the fabric friction sounds. From these recordings, some acoustic parameters like the total noise level can be determined. Meanwhile, a sensory panel dedicated to hearing assessed the friction sounds by several attributes. This paper identifies the significant correlations between acoustic, mechanical and sensory properties.
[Second messengers in the realization of immunomodulating effects of chorionic gonadotropin].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms of the molecular action of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) at different doses have been studied in splenocyte culture on the level of secondary messengers. It has been demonstrated that in the dose of 40 IU CG suppresses the splenocyte ability to form plaque-forming cells (PFC) only in the presence of macrophages through the eicosanoid system. The dose of 200 IU produced an analogous effect using Ca2+ as the secondary messenger. Transduction of the hormonal signal, leading to immunosuppression does not depend on the inositide system. It is established that in a low dose CG selectively stimulates PFC formation on the condition that there are no macrophages in the cell culture. This effect depends on Ca2+ and inositol phosphates, which are synergists. The dose of 200 IU in the absence of macrophages does not show an immunomodulating effect. We propose the presence of high-affinity receptors for CG on macrophages an B-lymphocytes and low-affinity receptor on T-lymphocyte suppressors, which are associated with "slow" Ca2+ channels.
The Effect of Company Size, Profitability, and Liquidity on Capital Structure of Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia's Food and Beverage Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effect of company size, profitability, and liquidity on the capital structure of manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sector in Indonesia. The population in this study were all real estate companies listed on the IDX in 2020-2022. Using a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 16 companies was obtained. This method uses multiple linear regression with SPSS Version 27. The results of this study concluded that company size and profitability partially have no significant effect on capital structure, while liquidity has a significant effect on capital structure. In addition, it can be found that firm size, profitability, and liquidity simultaneously have a significant influence on the capital structure of manufacturing companies.