jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Communitarization of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: Why Institutional Change does not Translate into Policy Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article proposes an explanation as to why institutional change – understood as more competences for the European Union's supranational institutions – has rarely led to policy change in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). It draws attention to the constraints that newly empowered actors have faced in the wake of introducing the co‐decision procedure. If the key principles of a given AFSJ sub‐policy – its ‘policy core’ – were defined before institutional change occurred, the Council (as the dominant actor of the early intergovernmental co‐operation) has found it easier to prevail in the altered structural environment and to co‐opt or sideline actors with competing rationales. The article compares the importance of the new decision‐making procedure with two alternative pathways potentially leading to policy change, namely, the power of litigation and the impact of unexpected external events.
Mathematical Model of Love Dynamics in the Story of the Romantic Legend of the Mandar Tribe

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the mathematical model of love is discussed based on the legend of the Mandar tribe area in West Sulawesi Province. Love is an active action / activity carried out by humans towards other objects, in the form of self-sacrifice, empathy, attention, affection, help, obey words, follow, obey, and want to do whatever the object wants. This study aims to determine the mathematical model for the dynamics of love in the story of two lovebirds contained in the legend of Mandar and determine the equilibrium point and analyze the stability of the mathematical model of their love dynamics so that simulations and interpretations of mathematical models of dynamics can be carried out. Based on the model obtained, it can be known how the dynamics of love that occur between kaco and cicci based on several possible cases that can occur between the two of them. By using maple software, an equilibrium point is obtained consisting of two types of equilibrium points, namely the equilibrium point of the mathematical model of love if there is no struggle from kaco ' and the equilibrium point of the mathematical model of love if there is a struggle from kaco'.
PENGARUH PENDANAAN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to assess and analyze the effects of working capital financing on firm profitability. This study was conducted on food-and-beverages sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2016-2020 period. Using purposive sampling method and non-random sampling, twelve companies were selected as the sample, resulting in sixteen observations. Working Capital Financing (WCF) was used to measure the independent variable so that the approach type of the financing can be determined, while Return on Assets (ROA) was used to measure the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data, while F test and Coefficient of Determination (R2) were applied in IBM SPSS 26 to test the hypotheses. This study finds that working capital funding with a conservative approach has a negative and significant effect on profitability. Furthermore, companies that increase their financing on long-term financing source experienced a decline in their profitability.
A Review of Emerging Technologies for the Detection and Diagnosis of Dental Caries

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Objectives: to address emerging technologies presently available to aid in the detection and diagnosis of dental caries and to compare their efficacy and accuracy to visual, tactile, and radiographic examination. Methods: The technologies reviewed include fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI), digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI), near-infrared light transillumination (NILT), quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), laser fluorescence, light emitting diode (LED), alternating current impedance spectroscopy, frequency-domain infrared photo-thermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR/LUM), and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). References were manually searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, and manufacturers websites. Results: The devices vary greatly in their modes of action as well as their sensitivities and specificities compared to visual and radiographic examination for caries detection. There is also variability among the devices in their capacity to quantitatively measure caries progression and limitations of some devices to measure only specific areas of the teeth. Overall, many of these devices when combined with visual examination can detect caries at the earliest stage allowing the option for preventive care rather than restorative treatment. Conclusions: No single device or method alone is sufficient to adequately diagnose carious lesions in all sites. A combination of diagnostic methods and devices greatly increases the ability to detect caries in its earliest stage.
The effect of an alternative in-school suspension program on the suspension rate of special education students as compared to a program of out-of-school suspension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if an alternative in-school suspension program will reduce the suspension rate of special education students as compared to an out-of-school suspension program. Thirteen special education students were selected to be the subjects of this research. The discipline records of these thirteen students from the 1997-98 school year were compared to the 1998-99 school year. The alternative in-school suspension program for the 1998-99 school year differs from the 1997-98 school year. The discipline policy for the 1998-99 school year includes a Learning Center which is attended from three in the afternoon to seven at night by the students who have received fifty disciplinary points by the administrator. This program allows students to attend school in an alternative placement as opposed to being out-of-school suspended. The research was attempting to find if the Learning Center would provide enough of a deterrent that the special education students' rate of misbehavior would decrease. However, sixty-four percent of the students actually had an increase of disciplinary points in the 1998-99 school year. Therefore, the results suggest that the in-school suspension program was not successful.
DISPERSAL OF STOCKED RIO GRANDE SILVERY MINNOW (HYBOGNATHUS AMARUS) IN THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE, NEW MEXICO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pelagic-broadcast spawning riverine fishes (pelagophils), species that produce eggs and larvae that drift laterally and downstream with the current, are declining throughout their native ranges in North America. Persistence and recolonization of pelagophils require upstream dispersal of later life stages; however, observations of dispersal are limited. We performed a mark–recapture study of stocked Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, during 2002 to assess dispersal of this imperiled pelagophil. Approximately 11,500 hatchery-reared Rio Grande silvery minnows marked with a fluorescent-colored visible implant elastomer were released by the Southwestern Native Aquatic and Technology Center (Dexter, New Mexico) at two locations in the 94.1-km San Acacia Reach of the Middle Rio Grande in January 2002. We recaptured 66 marked individuals (0.57%) through May 2002, upstream and downstream of both release locations. Distances traveled ranged from 0.0 to 25.2 km (0.3 – 5.3 km [mean – SD]), and movement rates ranged from 0.0 to 220 m/day (19 – 63 m/day). We recaptured two individuals >20 km upstream of their release location. Overall, stocked fish tended to disperse downstream. We often recaptured marked fish with wild conspecifics, implying repatriation of a portion of stocked fish. Gravid and spent marked female Rio Grande silvery minnows recaptured during April and May indicated that stocked fish were reproductively active concurrent with the wild population. Our study documented long-distance upstream dispersal of stocked Rio Grande silvery minnows and thus has conservation implications for restoring connectivity in the Middle Rio Grande to support the recovery of this federally listed endangered species.
The Efficacy of Plant-Based Dietary Program in Patients with Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dietary choices play a key role in insulin sensitivity among diabetes patients. An 8-week pilot study was conducted to evaluate whether a mostly plant-based dietary program will lead to improvement in biochemical markers in adults with diabetes. The dietary program included educational presentations, weekly cooking demonstrations and small group discussions. A sample of thirty-two adults with diabetes (types 1 and 2) were recruited and seventeen (53%) completed the study. Matched-pair tests and Fishers exact tests were used to compare the changes in means and proportion of the participants’ responses. There were changes in HbA1c, lipids, CRP (mg/L), cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL), LDL (mg/dL), non-HDL (mg/dL), Insulin (uIU/mL), AST (U/L), ALT (U/L), weight (lbs), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), diastolic (mmHg). The mean (std) age for the matched pair participant is 60.5 (11.35). Five type 1 and twelve type 2 diabetes patients showed a significant improvement in HbA1c (p = 0.001), weight (p = 0.002), intake of vegetables per day (p-value = 0.003), intake of plant-based protein (p-value < 0.001) and self-reported reduction in fatigue and improvement in energy levels. Our 8-week dietary program showed an improvement in biochemical markers and positive attitudes toward the adoption of plant-based diets.
Premorbid adjustment and previous personality in schizophrenic patients

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychosocial adjustment and premorbid personality are two factors that are frequently studied in order to elucidate the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Premorbid adjustment alterations and personality disorders (principally those of the schizophrenia spectrum) have been considered vulnerability elements or have been linked with the early manifestations of a disease that is still underdeveloped (hypothesis of neurodevelopment). In this paper we review the literature. We also studied the relationship between premorbid adjustment (PAS scale) and previous personality disorders (SCID-II) in a sample of 40 patients with schizophrenia (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, CIE-10), and statistically correlated them. The results show that premorbid adjustment correlates with avoidant, schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders: the more personality pathology found, the poorer is the premorbid psychosocial adjustment. Premorbid adjustment positively correlates with histrionic personality traits. The pathological traits of schizotypal and schizoid personalities account for up to 77% of the variance of the total premorbid adjustment in schizophrenic patients. Conclusion: The degrees of premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia are related to the different premorbid personality disorders of schizophrenic patients, which are mainly those most genetically related with schizophrenia, that is, the spectrum of the schizophrenia.
OntoBridge Versus Traditional ETL: Enhancing Data Standardization into CDM Formats Using Ontologies Within the DATOS-CAT Project

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Common Data Models (CDMs) enhance data exchange and integration across diverse sources, preserving semantics and context. Transforming local data into CDMs is typically cumbersome and resource-intensive, with limited reusability. This article compares OntoBridge, an ontology-based tool designed to streamline the conversion of local datasets into CDMs, with traditional ETL methods in adopting the OMOP CDM. We examine flexibility and scalability in the management of new data sources, CDM updates, and the adoption of new CDMs. OntoBridge showed greater flexibility in integrating new data sources and adapting to CDM updates. It was also more scalable, facilitating the adoption of various CDMs like i2b2, unlike traditional methods reliant on OMOP-specific tools developed by OHDSI. In summary, while traditional ETL provides a structured approach to data integration, OntoBridge offers a more flexible, scalable, and maintenance-efficient alternative.
3-Cyano-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylthio-2-pyranone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C14H11NO3S, the asymmetric unit consists of two molecules having different conformations. The main difference involves the orientation of the methoxy groups, but the angles between the two six-membered rings also differ slightly. This is the first reported structure of a δ-lactone with methylthio and cyano substituents.
VARIATION IN RECOMBINATION RATE ACROSS THE X CHROMOSOME OF ANOPHELES GAMBIAE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae are considered to be incipient species, despite residual gene exchange. Of the three small genome regions that are strongly differentiated between the molecular forms (“speciation islands”), two are located near centromeres, on the left arm of chromosome 2 and the X chromosome. To test the prediction of reduced recombination in these islands, we estimated recombination rates between microsatellite loci on the X chromosome using two M-form strains. Across most of the chromosome, recombination occurred at ~1 centimorgan per megabase (cM Mb −1 ), a value closely matching the genome-wide average estimated for A. gambiae and for other eukaryotes. Recombination was much higher at the telomeric end, > 7 cM Mb −1 . In the speciation island at the centromeric end, recombination was sharply reduced to ~0.2 cM Mb −1 , consistent with a role for reduced recombination in maintaining differentiation between nascent species despite gene flow.
Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales with blaIMP-6 predominance in hospitals from 2018 to 2021 in Nara, Japan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Despite the global health risk of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), especially carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), Japan reports a significantly low frequency of CRE with a predominance of IMP-type carbapenemases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CRE isolated from hospitals in the city of Nara, Japan. Methods We obtained 171 CRE isolates from 16 791 Enterobacterales isolated at 23 hospitals in Nara between January 2018 and December 2021. Isolates of CPE were characterized through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the carbapenem inactivation method, PCR and DNA sequencing. Genotypic diversity of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined via MLST and PFGE. Results The prevalence of CRE between 2018 and 2021 was 1.02%, gradually decreasing from 1.13% to 0.74%. Ninety-nine isolates were identified as CPE, representing six species. Ninety-seven CPE isolates harboured blaIMP-6, while the remaining two carried either blaIMP-1 or blaIMP-19. Genotype analysis identified ST131 as the dominant genotype for E. coli, but none for K. pneumoniae. PFGE results suggested clonal spread of CPE in Hospital A, where CRE was isolated in high numbers (n = 44). Conclusions In this study, CRE prevalence was marginally higher than previously reported in Japan, but still low in frequency. A predominance of Enterobacterales harbouring blaIMP-6 was confirmed in Nara. The spread of CPE at Hospital A suggested the possibility of a nosocomial outbreak due to blaIMP-6 transmission via plasmids or clonal spread. Continued monitoring is crucial for effective management of CRE prevalence in the region.
Growth of filamentous marine fungi in a continuous culture system

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A continuous culture system has been designed for the cultivation of certain species of marine fungi. Growth in this apparatus was compared with growth in batch culture. Growth of the three marine species tested (Zalerion maritimum, Humicola alopallonella, and Monodictys pelagica) was significantly higher in continuous culture than in batch culture.Growth of two isolates of Z. maritimum was compared on three inorganic nitrogen sources and one organic nitrogen source. Growth of the fungus in the continuous system differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from that in batch culture. Both isolates showed greater growth on the organic nitrogen source in the closed system. In the continuous system, growth was equivalent on all nitrogen sources.
Immunosuppressive activity in patients with active chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis treated with azathioprine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The rosette inhibition test was used to measure serum immunosuppressive activity after azathioprine (1·5 mg/kg) in 20 patients with liver disease (10 with active chronic hepatitis, six with primary biliary cirrhosis, and four with miscellaneous hepatic disorders) and in nine healthy normal volunteers. Where possible testing was repeated after one week and after at least two months of treatment. The titre of immunosuppression was related to the degree of impairment of hepatic function, and was found to be low in those with severe and normal in those with mild disturbance of hepatic function. Titres were unrelated to the presence of immunological abnormalities such as smooth muscle antibodies. In patients treated for at least two months there was no relationship between the initial titre of immunosuppressive activity and the response to treatment. Thus some patients improved despite failure to develop immunosuppressive activity, while others deteriorated even though immunosuppressive activity was normal when first studied. The development of immunosuppressive activity after azathioprine seems to be dependent on adequate hepatic function and the favourable response of some patients with liver disease to the drug may not be due entirely to immunosuppression.
Regularity in organ injuries and roles of TNF-α in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by oleic acid and lipopolysaccharide in elderly rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the regularity in organ injuries and the roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly rats (MODSE). Methods Models of MODSE and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes in the young (MODSY) were established respectively by injection of oleic acid (OA) at the dose of 0.25 ml/kg and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg) into SD rats (4 h interval). A total of 40 3-month-old and 40 20-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into four groups respectively: saline control group (n=10) and three model groups (n=30) including 2-, 6-, and 24-h groups. Incidences of MODS were diagnosed by their criteria. The changes of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) level were observed. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured by the automatic biochemistry analyzer. The TNF-α contents in plasma and in the lung, heart, liver, and kidney were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Injection of OA and LPS into the young and the elderly rats led to multiple organs dysfunctions. PaO 2 of Young Group and Elderly Group decreased to minimum at 2 h [(67.5±8.66) and (59.3±7.41) mmHg, respectively, P0.01]. While the biochemical indexes of the heart, liver, and kidney organ injuries increased to maximum at 6 h (P0.05, P0.01). Furthermore, the organs in Elderly Group were damaged more seriously than those in Young Group at the same time points (P0.05, P0.01). TNF-α concentrations in plasma and organs increased significantly (especially in the lungs) after LPS injection and peaked at 2 h after damage (P0.05, P0.01). TNF-α levels were higher in Elderly Group than those in Young Group at the same time points (P0.05, P0.01). Conclusion OA and LPS injection can lead to more serious multiple organ injuries in elder rats than those in young rats. The lung is injured firstly and most seriously. Early and quickly increase of TNF-α concentration in the lungs may be an important pathophysiological mechanism of MODSE.
Evaluation of Yield and Healthiness of Twenty Table Grapevine Cultivars Grown in Central Poland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract During the years 2008-2013, 20 table grape cultivars grown in Skierniewice (Central Poland) were assessed. Among the assessed cultivars, two - ‘Chasselas Blanc’ (standard) and ‘Favorit’ belonged to V. vinifera. Eighteen interspecific hybrids - ‘Aron’, ‘Esther’ (‘Eszter’), ‘Fanny’, ‘Flora’, ‘Galanth’, ‘Ganita’, ‘Garant’, ‘Katharina’, ‘Lidi’, ‘Lilla’, ‘Muscat Bleu’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Osella’, ‘Philipp’, ‘Rosetta’, ‘Rosina’, ‘Timur’ and ‘Verdelet’ were bred in various European countries. Vines, grafted on ‘Kober 5 BB’ rootstock, were planted in 2007 and annually covered for winter. Taking into account productivity, quality of fruits, susceptibility to frost damage and fungal diseases, the Swiss ‘Muscat Bleu’ and German ‘Garant’ proved most suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Central Poland. Plants of all cultivars belonging to the group of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to infections caused by fungal pathogens than plants of V. vinifera genotypes. The assessment of frost resistance based on the observation of those parts of bushes, which were not covered, showed high diversification among the interspecific hybrids.
Reachability-based Approach to Point-to-Point Steering Problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a reachability-based approach to finite-time transition problem of nonlinear systems between two stationary points (i.e., the point-to-point steering problem). When the target state is reachable, we prove that a solution can always be constructed by concatenation of two Pontraygin extremals. This allows to formulate the problem as a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) of extremals, where the solution existence to the formulated TPBVP is equivalent to that of the original problem. The theoretical developments are applied to curves with prescribed curvature bounds in R3, thereby extending the recent works on Dubins car to dimension three. We prove that to construct a curvature-bounded path in R3 with prescribed length and boundary conditions, it suffices to consider the trajectories that are concatenations of CSC, CCC, their subsegments, and H, where C denotes a circular arc with maximum curvature, S a straight line segment, and H a certain class of helicoidal arcs with constant curvature. Numerical demonstrations are conducted on a nonlinear dynamics example, and on curvature-bounded paths in R2 and R3.