jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The thinnest high-temperature superconductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Superconductivity is one of the most important topics in physics and materials science. The superconducting transition temperature (TC) of a quasi-2D superconductor, a superconductor with one dimension smaller than the coherence length of Cooper pairs, is normally descending with decreasing sample thickness since thermal and quantum fluctuations are expected to destroy the superconducting phase coherence even at low temperatures. The question of how thin a superconductor can be is not only crucial for understanding superconductivity in low-dimensional systems but also important for technological application in low-dissipation quantum devices. Nowadays, with the development of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique, the fabrication of high-quality crystalline metallic films with thickness down to one unit-cell (1-UC) on semiconducting or insulating substrates becomes reality and makes it possible for the study of superconductivity at 2D limit. Different from traditional theoretical understanding of 2D superconductivity for free-standing films, in such film/substrate heterostructures the interface may dramatically affect the superconductivity and even possibly enhance TC compared with thicker film or bulk case. Recently, a research team led by Professor Qi-Kun Xue successfully grew 1-UC-thick and millimeterto centimeter-sized homogeneous FeSe films on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate by MBE, where a superconducting-like gap was discovered by in situ scanning tunnelingmicroscopy/spectroscopy (STM/ STS) study [1]. Surprisingly, the detected gap is 20 meV and almost 10 times larger than the gap of bulk FeSe. Soon after that, angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments further revealed a nearly isotropic gap of above 15 meV, which closes at a temperature of around 65 K [2,3]. However, the question is whether the observed gap is a superconducting gap. Direct evidence of superconductivity in 1-UC FeSe films, such as zero resistance and Meissner effect, is highly desired. Very recently, for the first time Professor Jian Wang and Professor Qi-Kun Xue’s collaboration team
Rabbits in context: thinking about when, where, and why we need to protect rabbits from pesticides in Europe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the European regulatory system for pesticides used in agriculture, there is a legal requirement to ensure acceptable risk to wild mammals; among them, the rabbit. However, rabbits are also sometimes considered an agricultural pest. In this review paper, we introduce the history and context of rabbits across Europe and discuss the relevance of protecting them from pesticides on agricultural land. We also discuss potential protection and conservation measures for rabbits, where protection is considered relevant. We include information about life history and behavior of rabbits and some of the factors regulating their populations. We found that there are many factors to consider in the context of protecting rabbits from pesticides in Europe. We conclude that local consideration by environmental risk managers at a relatively small scale (certainly subcountry) seems appropriate, in collaboration with agricultural policy makers, to decide whether rabbit populations need specific protection from potential effects of pesticides under the local circumstances. Overall, we hope to stimulate a more thoughtful and informed discussion on the contentious case of the rabbit in wildlife risk assessments in Europe.
Ethnic, Geographic, and Genetic Differences in Arsenic Metabolism at Low Arsenic Exposure: A Preliminary Analysis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the effect of candidate variants in AS3MT (arsenic (III) methyltransferase) with urinary arsenic metabolites and their principal components in a subset of 264 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Urinary arsenic species, including inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and arsenobetaine (Ab), were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS) and corrected for organic sources from seafood consumption by regressing Ab on arsenic species using a validated method. Principal components of arsenic metabolism were also used as independent phenotypes. We conducted linear regression of arsenic traits with allelic dosage of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12768205 (G > A), rs3740394 (A > G), and rs3740393 (G > C) measured using Illumina MetaboChip. Models were stratified by non-Hispanic white vs. all other race/ethnicity and adjusted for age, sex, arsenic exposure, study site, and population stratification. Consistent with previous studies, rs12768205 showed evidence for strongest association (non-Hispanic white: iAs% −0.14 (P 0.83), MMA% −0.66 (0.49), DMA% 0.81(0.49); other race/ethnicity: 0.13 (0.71), −1.21 (0.09), 1.08 (0.20)). No association, however, passed the strict Bonferroni p-value. This was a novel study among an ethnically diverse population exposed to low arsenic levels.
Effects of Endocrine Metabolic Factors on Hemocyte Parameters, Tumor Markers, and Blood Electrolytes in Patients with Hyperglycemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. This study was designed to investigate the effect of endocrine metabolic factors on hemocyte parameters, tumor markers, and blood electrolytes in patients with hyperglycemia. Methods. In this study, 1791 patients with hyperglycemia were recruited and grouped according to different testing indexes, and their medical records and laboratory indexes were recorded and analyzed. Results. In adult patients with hyperglycemia, we found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively correlated with white blood cell (WBC) and could exert an effect on WBC; triglyceride (TG) level was positively associated with lymphocyte (LYM#); age, TG, and P affected the level of LYM#; and uric acid (UA) level was positively related to eosinophil (EO#). Besides, age was positively correlated with red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) level; fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum phosphorus (P) were negatively correlated with RDW-CV level; and age, creatinine (Cre), FBG, HDL-C, and P were influencing factors of RDW-CV level in adult hyperglycemic patients. HDL-C was negatively correlated with fibrinogen (Fib) level, and age, HDL-C, serum kalium (K), serum sodium (Na), and body mass index (BMI) were the influencing factors of Fib levels. TG was positively associated with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level and affected the NSE level. Serum magnesium (Mg) was negatively related to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and sex, age, FBG, Mg, and BMI could have an effect on CEA level. As well, age and FBG were positively associated with carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) levels, UA was negatively correlated with CA50 levels, and age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), UA, and FBG were the influencing factors of CA50 levels. FBG was negatively related to Mg levels; K, serum zinc (Zn), and fasting C-peptide (C-P) were positively correlated with Mg levels; and FBG, K, Zn, and C-P had an effect on Mg levels. Conclusion. Endocrine metabolic factors are closely related to hemocyte parameters, tumor markers, and blood electrolytes in patients with hyperglycemia.
Systems engineering beliefs: Contemplating personal perceptions regarding state of the art

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Systems engineering (SE) theories and practices for effectively dealing with complex systems are still evolving.Principal stakeholders are integral to complex systems, so we cannot predict or prespecify how the system changes.Every systems engineer has his own professional viewpoint derived from cultural background, upbringing/education and experience/maturation.The author has decided how all this fits his career and current 'mindsight'.He encourages other systems' engineers to examine and share their thoughts to help attain a more collective and forward looking view of systems engineering to advance the field.This paper provides a framework for system engineers to contemplate whether they are of the traditional system of systems; enterprise; or the complex type.Perspectives on SE attributes are offered to assist any systems engineer in characterizing his belief system, stylistic approach, and overall effectiveness in engineering complex systems.Systems engineers might reflect on what applies to them and to what relative extent.If a particular set of attributes dominates, is that appropriate?What changes in outlook, style, and emphasis might make a more effective systems engineer?Several existence categories are suggested and proportioned through each of life's stages.System engineers may contemplate how these trends have affected their past behaviors, and how possible re-directions might improve their future accomplishments.Thinking through what we have done, are doing, and want to do as systems' engineers is recommended.Anyone's chosen way is no better than any other possibility.It depends on a multitude of circumstances in each of our lives.
A survey on approaches to gridification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Grid shows itself as a globally distributed computing environment, in which hardware and software resources are virtualized to transparently provide applications with vast capabilities. Just like the electrical power grid, the Grid aims at offering a powerful yet easy‐to‐use computing infrastructure to which applications can be easily ‘plugged’ and efficiently executed. Unfortunately, it is still very difficult to Grid‐enable applications, since current tools force users to take into account many details when adapting applications to run on the Grid. In this paper, we survey some of the recent efforts in providing tools for easy gridification of applications and propose several taxonomies to identify approaches followed in the materialization of such tools. We conclude this paper by describing common features among the proposed approaches, and by pointing out open issues and future directions in the research and development of gridification methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aroma, touch and well‐being: following the mind to wellness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Fragrances have been used since ancient times to deliver a variety of benefits. The term aromatherapy was first coined in the 1920s by a French chemist named Rene‐Maurice Gattefossé, referring specifically to the use of natural fragrance essential oils to treat injury and disease. More recently, the discovery that touch is an important part of healthy human development has led to a greater understanding of its role as an essential part of maintaining wellness. With the growing mainstream acceptance of holistic health care, herbal remedies and nutraceuticals, aromatherapy has become much more broadly defined to include benefits which are strictly cosmetic in nature. Today, a variety of products ranging from candles to dish‐washing liquids are marketed with ‘aromatherapy’ benefits. Although there is no legal definition of aromatherapy in the U.S.A., specific claims can affect whether a product is considered a cosmetic or a pharmaceutical. Outside of the U.S.A., the term aromatherapy itself has very specific connotations which can affect the regulatory status of potential product introductions. In recent years, a number of new tools such as psychophysical measures and brain imaging techniques have greatly enhanced our knowledge of how touch and aromas are interpreted by the mind and body. This symposium will review the current state of our understanding in this area with the objective of providing a clearer understanding of the sometimes subtle differences of the role of fragrance and touch in maintaining well‐being and enhancing personal attractiveness vs. those which are pharmacological in nature.
The Prominent Characteristics of the Effective sgRNA for a Precise CRISPR Genome Editing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) technique is the most effective and novelist technique for genome editing. CRISPR mechanism has been widely developed for gene editing, gene silencing, high-specific regulation of the transcription, and reducing off-target effects through double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genomic DNA and then modifying nucleotide sequences of the target gene in diverse plant and animal species. However, the application may be restricted by a high rate of off-target effects. So, there are many studies on designing precise single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to minimize off-target effects. Thus, the high-efficiency design of a specific sgRNA is critical. First, in the chapter, the sgRNA origin and different types of gRNA will be outlined. Then, the off-target effect will be described. Next, the remarkable characteristics of the sgRNA will be highlighted to improve precise gene editing. Finally, some popular in silico tools will be introduced for designing sgRNA.
The wage gap in Spain for temporary workers: the effects of the Great Recession

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the whole wage distribution, not just at the mean, and the evolution before and after the Great Recession on this gap in Spain. Design/methodology/approach - An extended Mincer-type wage equation is estimated using ordinary least square regression and unconditional quantile regression. Then, the decomposition of the wage gap between workers with fixed-term and permanent contracts for each quantile is made using the Fortin, Lemieux and Firpo decomposition. Findings - The results show that two workers, with identical characteristics, earn different salaries if they have a different type of contract. However, the wage gap is not constant across the wage distribution. The penalty for temporary workers is wider for higher wages. Moreover, the main part of the gap is due to observed characteristics, but other factors (unobserved characteristics and discrimination) become more relevant in the upper part of the wage distribution. Originality/value - The study expands upon available studies for Spain in two points. First, it is the first paper to the knowledge that analyse both the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the wage distribution and its decomposition. Second, the paper explores what happened before and after the Great Recession. In the years that the paper analyses there is also a labour market reform.
Art. VII.— On the Khámtis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The habitat of the Bor Khámtis, who are said to number 20,000, is in a valley high up the Irrawaddy, in latitude 27° and 28° east of Sadiya. The Khámtis that we know in Assam are those that have emigrated from “Bor Khámti” and have settled in Assam after the breaking up of the kingdom of Pong by Alomphra. These settlers established themselves early in this century on the “Tenga pani” (a river in, the vicinity of Sadiya), with the permission of the Ahom kings. Before proceeding further, it will be interesting to note that this Khámti movement is the second instance of Tai emigration that we have on record. Some considerable time previously the Ahoms, who spoke a language much akin to the Khamti tongue, and who are also of the Tai race, made an irruption over the Pátkoi range and invaded and conquered Assam. The Khámtis, who had apparently been given hospitality by the Ahoms because they were almost kinsmen, before long rose against the Ahom king, and ejected the Ahom governor of Sadiya or “Sadiya Khówa Gohain.” The Khámti chief took the governor's place and retained it. The Ahom king, not being strong enough to oust the Khámti usurper, had to recognize him. During the rule of this chief the local Assamese were reduced to slavery, and they were not released till our own Government interfered in 1839. Out of revenge the Khámtis rebelled against our Government, and the Sadiya garrison, including its commander, Col. White, was surprised and cut up.
Peripheral Neuropathy due to Allopurinol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

To assess parents’ first experiences of their very preterm babies and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Design

Qualitative study using semistructured interviews.

Participants

32 mothers and 7 fathers of very preterm babies (<32 weeks gestation).

Setting

Three neonatal units in tertiary care hospitals in South East England.

Results

Five themes were identified. The first describes parents’ blurred recall of the birth. The second shows the anticipation of seeing and touching their baby for the first time was characterised by contrasting emotions, with some parents feeling scared and others excited about the event. The third theme describes parents’ first sight and touch of their babies and their ‘rollercoaster’ of emotions during this time. It also highlights the importance of touch to trigger and strengthen the parent–baby bond. However, some parents were worried that touching or holding the baby might transmit infection or interfere with care. The fourth theme captures parents’ impressions of NICU and how overwhelming this was particularly for parents who had not toured NICU beforehand or whose first sight of their baby was on NICU. The final theme captures unique experiences of fathers, in particular that many felt excluded and confused about their role.

Conclusions

This study informs family-centred care by providing insight into the experiences of parents of very preterm infants at a time when they are most in need of support. Clinical implications include the importance of offering parents preparatory tours of the NICU and including fathers.
Quinoxaline Studies. XI. Unequivocal Syntheses of cis- and trans-dl-Decahydroquinoxalines. Resolution of trans-dl-Decahydroquinoxalines1-3

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinoxaline Studies. XI. Unequivocal Syntheses of cis- and trans-dl-Decahydroquinoxalines. Resolution of trans-dl-Decahydroquinoxalines1-3Earl Brill and Harry P. SchultzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1135–1138Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a509https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determinants of Toddler Development Factors in Terms of Biological, Psychosocial, Family and Customary Aspects in Padang City

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

UNICEF data in the 2017 year, nearly 200 million children in developing countries have stunted growth and development due to malnutrition.In addition, a report from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that Indonesian public health is the lowest in ASEAN, which is ranked 142 out of 170 countries.Factors that influence growth and development are biological, psychosocial, family, and customs.This study aims to the determinants of growth and developmental factors for children under five in terms of biological, psychosocial, family and customs aspects.This study uses an analytic observational design with a comparative cross-sectional approach.The population of this study is mothers who have toddlers aged 6 to 23 months in Padang.Data was collected by distributing questionnaires and WhatsApp.The hypothesis test used is Chi-Square.This study showed a relationship between biological, psychosocial, family, and customs factors with the growth and development of toddlers.
Development of a Dutch Diet History Questionnaire to assess the dietary intake of low SES pregnant women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Development of a Dutch Diet History Questionnaire to assess the dietary intake of low SES pregnant women Y.H. Beulen1,2, K. Borgonjen-van den Berg1, A. Wagemakers2, J.H.M. de Vries11Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands2 Health and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The NetherlandsPresenting author: Yvette BeulenBackground: Pregnant women often fail to meet dietary requirements, especially in low socioeconomic status (SES) populations. To gain insight into the usual dietary intake of low SES pregnant women in the Netherlands, we developed a Dutch Diet History Questionnaire (DDHQ). The DDHQ was generated to combine the open character of a Diet History interview with the standardization of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Methods: The format of the questions was based on that of an existing FFQ. A meal-based structure was created and open questions on missing foods and context were added. Food items and portion sizes were adjusted to the target population by analysing dietary data of both pregnant women and women of reproductive age, to theoretically cover at least 95% of the intake. The Dutch FFQ tool was used to generate the computer-based DDHQ, automatically calculating energy and nutrient intakes using the Dutch Food Composition Database. A small-scale pilot study (n=7) was conducted to test the face validity and acceptability of the DDHQ in the target group.Results: The result is a 185-item meal-based questionnaire with a one month reference period, administered by trained dietitians in interviews conducted at the participant’s home (if possible). The pilot study showed that the method was comprehensible and feasible, although the length of the questionnaire was considered a drawback by some participants. The DDHQ interviews have been found to take 1.5 up to 3 hours, which is similar to the time needed for a diet history interview.Discussion: We have developed a method that is less costly and time consuming than a full Diet History method and more comprehensive than an FFQ. Although the FFQ that served as a basis was validated, the current method has not been validated yet in the target population. We do expect that by adjusting the food list to the target group, adding open questions and administration by trained dietitians, we cover the complete (contextual) dietary intake of low SES pregnant women.Key words: dietary assessment; Diet History Questionnaire; pregnancy; interviewer-administration; low socioeconomic status