jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The revealing properties of a rational expectations equilibrium – an extension of Radner's auxiliary proposition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this note we extend Radner's ([6]) result on the revealing properties of a rational expectations equilibrium to the case of an infinite dimensional probability space. Radner's auxiliary proposition, which states that the set of probability assessments leading to the same equilibrium price is negligible, is generalised to the infinite dimensional case. In the original paper a set is negligible if its closure has Lebesgue measure zero in $\\R^N$, while in our setting a set is negligible if it is a meagre subset of some topological space.
Element-based electromagnetic interference suppression for modular systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression becomes more and more prominent in the design of electronic systems, especially in the design of modular systems. An advanced EMI suppression approach for modular systems is proposed in this paper. In this approach, the output spectrum of a system or a module is analyzed and decomposed into several types which are called elements in this paper. Each element corresponds to a specific component in the modular system. With this approach, EMC engineers can locate the EMI source quickly and accurately. Targeted EMC improvements to the EMI source can be carried out after that. Two applications and the output spectrums of them before and after EMC improvement using this approach are also presented in this paper.
Evaluation of PVT Comparisons and GOR Prediction Based on Advanced Mud Gas Data: A Case Study From Snorre Field

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The use of real-time advanced mud gas (AMG) analysis in oil and gas exploration has been well known for at least 15 years. In recent years, its application in production fields has become more prevalent. The advances in mud gas extraction and analysis techniques combined with directional drilling tools provide more confident data, allowing the identification of formation vs. injection fluids, as well as movable contacts. This analysis during the drilling process results in more informed decisions during drilling, aimed at maximizing production value Over the last decade, the field of advanced gas analysis has developed a method to correct constraints upon the varying efficiency of extraction for specific species of interest associated with a constant volume, constant temperature mud gas extractor. This method has become recognized in the industry by the name extraction efficiency correction (EEC). EEC provides the quantitative composition of formation fluid in real time by analyzing methane through pentane components. These results are comparable to downhole pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) samples and have been used to optimize wireline tool runs and fluid sampling programs over the years, but this application is not limited to exploration wells. A technique presented by Yang et al. (2019a) has demonstrated the potential of machine-learning predictions, like gas-oil ratio (GOR) using EEC compositional data. More recently, results shared by Kopal et al. (2022) demonstrate the optimization of reservoir analysis when integrating petrophysical with the GOR prediction. This paper presents a case study based on the analysis of several zones in development wells of the Snorre Field in Norway. The consistent dynamic EEC data from AMG are demonstrated to successfully distinguish the types of fluids compared to PVT samples in the field. These data are presented as continuous logs, allowing for the evaluation of reservoir zone thickness. This information is available while drilling; with modern real-time data services, operators can access it from almost anywhere. The model of GOR prediction proposed by Yang et al. (2019a) is applied by the operator to this Snorre example. The results are demonstrated in the paper when compared to those of GOR production. Promising results from machine learning generate confidence in the applicability of quality AMG data to development wells for real-time petrophysical and operational decisions. The field case demonstrates a new and broad application area for advanced mud gas in production wells.
Morphometrics studies of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) from selected rivers in the southern Caspian Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mahisefid, Rutilus frisii kutum , is a cyprinid fish which is distributed from Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan along the Caspian Sea. It is one of the economically important fish in the region. As part of the Iranian Fisheries Company’s policy to improve the stocks of this species, every year, fingerling of Mahisefid are released into the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. The main objective of this study was to determine populations in different of rivers. In total, 387 fish were collected from four rivers, including Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan, where this fish migrates for spawning, in spring 2005. Thirteen conventional morphometric factors, 13 ratio and 12 Truss morphometrics were measured and calculated in this study. Conventional and Truss morphometric data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA Principal Component Analysis and discriminant. Average of coefficient of variation (CV%) of morphometric in males was 14.95, 10.28, 17.47 and 16.56 and in females was 21.35, 19.74, 18.25, and 19.74 in Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan River, respectively, showing that all morphometric characters were significantly different (P<0.05) among four sampling sites (populations). The first component of morphometrics 44.32% in males and 68.94% in females were positive, indicating that the conventional morphometric was good descriptor of the body shape variation among the populations, especially in females. The total cumulative variances were 76.6% and 87.8% in males and females, respectively, suggesting that this can be considered as a useful discriminator. The total cumulative variances were 64.27% and 64.21% in males and females, respectively. The first component of truss was 87.7% and 81.3% of the total variance, in males and females, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that each sampling site represents independent population in each river.
The Changing Urban System and a Measure of Underpopulated Areas in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

本稿では，DIDの分布とその人口増減（1980～2005年）および中心地の圏域（通勤圏）とその変化（1985～2000年）の分析に基づいて，都市成長の規模的差異や中核地域とその他の地域との間の地域的差異の存在を明らかにした．今日国土の過半は過疎地域に指定されており，過疎地域の人口減少は中心地の衰退と深く関係するので，都市システムの整備が過疎対策の重要部分を占めるものと考えられる．定住自立圏構想研究会は人口5～10万人の中心都市の振興を提案しているが，これらの都市（中心地）の多くは過疎地域に圏域を伸ばしていない．過疎地域に1万人以上の圏域を持つより小規模な中心地を振興する方が，より効果を発揮することができるであろう．
Use of Piecewise Linear Value Functions in Interactive Multicriteria Decision Support: A Monte Carlo Study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes a Monte Carlo study conducted to evaluate the effects of modelling assumptions and design parameters on the behaviour of interactive methods for the discrete choice MCDM problem, based on explicit value function models. The purpose of the study is to identify those assumptions and parameters which lead to the most efficient use of preference judgements made by the decision maker, and to the greatest robustness to judgmental errors. It is concluded that nonlinearities in the value function need to be modelled, achieved here by use of a piecewise linear form. It was also found that search for indifference points, rather than using simple preference judgements alone, is of great advantage, best realized by expressing judgements in terms of pairwise trade-offs. Methods incorporating these features are highly robust to judgmental errors. Interactive methods of this class are compared with a priori fitting of similar value functions, and found to give a very similar quality of solution.
Development of High Pressure and Constant Low Flow Test System for Hydraulic Support Safety Valve

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The existing test equipment for safety valve with low-flow start and overflow closure characteristics of hydraulic support cannot provide the test conditions stipulated in relevant standards, which affects the accuracy of test results. Aiming at the shortage of the existing test equipment, a test system of high pressure and low flow rate of safety valve with hydraulic support is designed, and a technical solution of using straight line driver to push the plunger cylinder to realize high pressure and low flow rate of liquid supply is put forward. The simulation software AMESim was used to construct the virtual prototype of the test system, and the simulation analysis was carried out to determine the main parameters and the influencing rules of the rigidity of the liquid supply velocity. Based on the simulation study, prototype trial production, flow calibration and field experiment were completed. The experimental results showed that the instantaneous output flow fluctuation of the test system was within the range of ±10% of the rated value of 40ml/min, and the output flow fluctuation range was reduced by 25% compared with the existing way.
Data from: Enhanced polymer mechanical degradation through mechanochemically unveiled lactonization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mechanical degradation of polymers is typically limited to a single chain scission per triggering chain stretching event, and the loss of stress transfer that results from the scission limits the extent of degradation that can be achieved. Here, we report a mechanically triggered, delayed scission strategy that allows many eventual scission events to be initiated within a single polymer chain. The strategy is demonstrated via a mechanophore with a [4.2.0]bicyclooctene (BCOE) core that leverages a mechanochemical, orbital symmetry-forbidden 4-electron disrotatory ring-opening reaction to set up a subsequent, force-free and thermodynamically favorable lactonization. Ultrasonication of a 120 kDa BCOE copolymer triggers the desired mechanical remodeling of the polymer backbone, and the resulting lactonization leads to a gradual decrease in molecular weight over the course of 9 days to a final value of 4.4 kDa, more than an order of magnitude smaller than control polymers in which the ring-opened BCOE is protected from lactonizing. The force-coupled activity of the ring-opening reaction is probed by single molecule force spectroscopy and through the use of internal standards in sonication, and the forces required for activation are far smaller than is typically required for the mechanical chain scission of conventional covalent polymers.
Benefits of the ‘village’: a qualitative exploration of the patient experience of COPD in rural Australia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study sought to explore patients’ experiences of living with, and adapting to, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the rural context. Specifically, our research question was ‘What are the barriers and facilitators to living with and adapting to COPD in rural Australia?’ Design Qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Conversations were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis following the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research guidelines. Setting Patients with COPD, admitted to a subregional hospital in Australia were invited to participate in interviews between October and November 2016. Main outcome measures Themes were identified that assisted with understanding of the barriers and facilitators to living with, and adapting to, COPD in the rural context. Results Four groups of themes emerged: internal facilitators (coping strategies; knowledge of when to seek help) and external facilitators (centrality of a known doctor; health team ‘going above and beyond’ and social supports) and internal/external barriers to COPD self-management (loss of identity, lack of access and clear communication, sociocultural challenges), which were moderated by feelings of inclusion or isolation in the rural community or ‘village’. Conclusions Our findings suggest that community inclusion enhances patients’ ability to cope and ultimately self-manage COPD. This is facilitated by living in a supportive ‘village’ environment, and included a central, known doctor and a healthcare team willing to go ‘above and beyond’. Understanding, or supplementing, these social networks within the broader social structure may assist people to manage chronic disease, regardless of rural or metropolitan location.
Total and Component Actuarial Scores of the Gesell Copy Form Test as Predictors of Achievement, Intelligence, and Creativity Measures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The predictive validities of the five component actuarial scores of the Gesell Copy Form Test—Basic Form, Proportion, Corners and Closures, Size, and Size Range—were investigated to determine whether any sub-scores were able to predict selected achievement, intelligence, and creativity measures more effectively than the Copy Form Total actuarial score over a five-year interval. Criterion measures included the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, Goodenough-Harris Figure Drawing Test, and Torrance Circle Test. Correlational analysis revealed that the Proportion and Corners and Closures scores yielded a greater number of significant correlation coefficients than did the Copy Form Total actuarial score with achievement scores of the male and female elementary students (N = 60) included in the sample.
Evaluation of the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplemented with native (non-denatured) type II collagen, ginger extract, B vitamins and ascorbic acid effect on the clinical manifestations of OA in patients with various phenotypes of the disease (preliminary results)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Despite the successes of conventional medicine, the search for optimal remedies for the treatment of osteoarthritis does not lose its relevance. Currently, new combination products are entering the market, combining well-studied pharmaceutical ingredients such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate with well-known and promising new nutraceutical components. Pharmaconutraceutical Theraflex Ultra refers to such drugs, and the possibilities of its effect on the symptoms and quality of life of patients are of great interest. To study the effect of Theraflex Ultra on clinical symptoms in comparison with the well-known drug Theraflex, an open randomized comparative observational study was organized at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Currently, intermediate results have been obtained after 1 month of using Theraflex Ultra, which demonstrate pronounced benefit and relief of symptoms, improvement of quality of life.
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas dan Leverage Terhadap Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Batu Bara Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of firm size, profitability, and leverage on tax avoidance in coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2022 period. Tax avoidance, a legal strategy to minimize tax obligations, is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), with independent variables including firm size (total assets), profitability (ROA), and leverage (DER). The research employs a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis, utilizing secondary data from the annual financial reports of 20 purposively selected companies. The results indicate that firm size and profitability significantly influence tax avoidance, while leverage has no significant effect.
EU Transgovernmental Networks: The Emergence of a New Political Space beyond the Nation State?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Does the EU represent a new political order which replaces the old nation states? To answer this question we need to identify political key actors and the factors influencing the structure of their interactions. Recently, transgovernmental networks have been considered to be the most important feature of the new world order generally, and of the EU more specifically. Unfortunately, the structure, processes and impact of horizontal interorganizational relations between nation states are unknown. The main objective of this paper is to identify and to explain the selective structure of informal bilateral relations of high officials of the EU member states’ ministerial bureaucracies on the occasion of an EU Intergovernmental Conference. Our data rely on standardized interviews with 140 involved top-level bureaucrats. The statistical estimation of network choices is based on recent developments of exponential random graph models.
Nano-Machines on Biological Networks

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells being the underlying entities living bodies are able to conduct many critical functions.The locally distant cell organelles are connected via metabolic cytoskeleton network, ensuring active and effective intracellular transport.Moreover several kind of mobile biological nano-machines, namely the cytoskeleton motors attach themselves to cytoskeleton filaments and move in opposite direction to transport cargo vesicles from one particular location to another.In this mini review we attempt to elucidate how unlike motors and motor teams coordinate to contribute in efficient unidirectional and bidirectional transport, including in specific, the significance of motor-motor interactions and the transformations of the underlying transport network.Our short review may provide a framework to perceive intracellular transport operation in cell organelles.
High temperature gas turbine engine component materials testing program: Task I. Quarterly technical progress report No. 5, June 28--September 30, 1976

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Initial testing started in July using H-coal doped creosote as a synthesized coal-derived liquid fuel. Forty-seven hours of testing were completed without delay. Diagnostic testing confirmed the overheating by showing combustor liner temperatures of approximately 2100/sup 0/F. Radiation pyrometer measurements in the turbine simulator reveal an extremely radiant flame with radiation pyrometer output, while burning creosote fuel, twice that of No. 2 distillate fuel. Overheated components were repaired, the combustor liner modified to improve cooling and testing was resumed with nominal 150 ppM ash fuel to complete the target 100-hr test run. A total of 149 hr of low-Btu gas initial testing was completed at the Morgantown Energy Research Center (MERC). Visual examination of the nozzle sector, IN 738 tab and nozzle cooled pin specimens reveals no corrosion, erosion, or cooling hole plugging for the relatively mild combustion environment with the MERC produced gases. A significant amount of corrosion data is emerging from the Screening Tests. These data demonstrate that K/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, in combination with Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, is more aggressive than Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ alone. Also, with few exceptions, corrosion rates increase with increasing mole percent K/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ in deposits containing both K/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ and Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/. Engineering design of modifications to the General Electric CR and D turbine simulator for the confirmation tests was completed and fabrication is in process.
Adaptive Dynamic Power Management for Hard Real-Time Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Power dissipation has constrained the performance boosting of modern computer systems in the past decade. Dynamic power management has been widely applied to change the system (or device) state dynamically to reduce the power consumption. This paper explores how to effectively reduce the energy consumption to handle event streams with hard real-time guarantees. We adopt Real-Time Calculus to describe the event arrival and resource service by arrival curves and service curves in the interval domain, respectively. We develop online algorithms to adaptively control the power mode of the device, postponing the processing of arrival events as late as possible. Profited from the worst-case interval-based abstraction, our algorithms can on one hand tackle arbitrary event arrivals (even with burstiness) and on the other hand guarantee hard real-time requirements in terms of both timing and backlog constraints. We also present simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Macrocyclic Ditopic Receptors such as (I) and (II) Designed for Simultaneous Binding of Alkaline and Transition Metal Cations.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characteristics of variations in the ground magnetic field during substorms at mid latitudes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Substorms are known to cause geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in power transmission lines through variations in the ground magnetic field. An improved knowledge and understanding of how the different phases of substorms affect the ground magnetic field will ultimately help to better understand how GIC arise. Although usually associated with high latitude power transmission networks, GIC potentially pose a risk to mid latitude networks such as the UK's National Grid. Using a list of substorm expansion phase onsets derived from auroral observations by the IMAGE-FUV satellite, this study examines 553 individual onsets. In order to cover mid latitudes, ground magnetometer data from the UK Sub-Auroral Magnetometer Network (SAMNET) are exploited. These high time resolution (5 s) data are used to study the ground magnetic field for an hour after onset, in particular the time derivative of the horizontal magnetic field, H. The data covers the period from 2000 to 2003 (just after solar maximum). Results are compared with a previous study of magnetic field variations at higher latitudes, using data with a much lower (1 min) cadence during substorms identified from geomagnetic indices during a period just after solar minimum.
Police referrals for domestic abuse before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown: An analysis of routine data from one specialist service in South Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background COVID-19 lockdown measures may have led to more, and increasingly severe, domestic abuse. This study examines police referrals to a specialist domestic abuse service in Wales, UK before and during the first lockdown. Methods Routine data relating to 2292 police referrals for female adult victim-survivors from December 2019 until July 2020 were analysed and presented in the form of descriptive statistics to monitor changes in referral rates and the profile of those referrals. Results There was little increase in the overall volume of police referrals during lockdown, but the proportion assessed as high risk increased, and children became the primary source of third-party referrals, with a higher proportion of reports made by other third parties as restrictions eased. Police reports for cases of Child/Adolescent to Parent Violence (C/APV) occurred almost exclusively during lockdown. Conclusions The increase in risk level despite less clear increase in volume may suggest unmet need, with victims less likely to seek help during lockdown other than for more severe instances. Increased reports by children suggest increased exposure of children to domestic abuse during school closure. Unmet need for women and children may have been made visible to services, and acquaintances, as measures began to ease.