jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anterior tibial translation during a maximum quadriceps contraction: Is it clinically significant?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Quadriceps exercises are used sparingly in the early rehabilitation of ACL reconstructions because of con cern about prematurely stretching the ACL graft. The aim of this study was to determine if a maximum isometric quadriceps contraction significantly translates the tibia anteriorly at 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° of flexion. Secondly, the role of the ACL in knee stability was analyzed by comparing the amount of tibial trans lation in normal, ACL deficient, and reconstructed knees. Thirdly, the location in the motion arc where a quadriceps contraction produces anterior tibial transla tion was determined. Anterior tibial translation was measured using an arthrometer (KT-1000) during an 89 N and manual maximum translation applied to the knee at rest. The manual maximum translation test determines the mag nitude of anterior tibial translation produced by a high anterior force applied directly to the proximal calf. These translations were compared to the tibial translation intrinsically induced by a quadriceps contraction. Test ing was performed in normal ( N = 22), ACL deficient ( N=10), and reconstructed (N = 10) knees. Anterior tibial translation produced by a maximum quadriceps contraction was measured at 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° of flexion. The extension exercise resulted in less anterior tibial displacement than an 89 N drawer and half the translation produced by a manual maximum translation (P < 0.001). Instrumented laxity testing pro duced greater anterior translation of the tibia than a maximum isometric quadriceps contraction. Anterior tibial translation was the same during maximum iso metric knee extension in all tested knees. Anterior translation in the isometrically loaded knee occurred during the terminal 60° of knee extension, and was controlled by the compression forces driving the con gruent articular surfaces together, and not the ACL. Instrumented laxity testing is an accepted technique that has been safely used to serially measure knee stability after an ACL reconstruction. Early postopera tive knee extension exercises can be expected to in duce less strain in the ACL than instrumented laxity testing. These data raise the question of whether the anterior tibial displacement produced by a maximum quadriceps contraction is detrimental to a recently re constructed ACL.
Marital Attitudes as a Mediator on the Relationship between Respect toward Partner and Subjective Happiness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Marital attitudes have central importance on marital relationships. In current study, the possible role of marital attitudes as mediator on the relationship between respect toward partner and subjective happiness is aimed to be examined. Participants were 180 teachers who completed a questionnaire package that included the Marital Attitudes Scale, Respect toward Partner Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Findings demonstrated that subjective happiness is predicted positively by marital attitudes and respect toward partner. Marital attitudes are predicted positively by respect toward partner. Also the relationship between respect toward partner and subjective happiness is partially mediated by marital attitudes. The results and their implications are discussed within the scope of the related literature with recommendations for further research and practice.
Laboratory and field evaluations of insecticide toxicity to stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stink bugs have become more common pests in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and the frequency of insecticides applied for their control has increased; therefore, establishing base-line insecticide mortality data is important for future resistance monitoring programs. A series of laboratory and field studies were used to characterize the susceptibility of stink bug species and selected development stages to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. Stink bugs collected in the field were exposed to technical grade insecticides using the adult vial test (AVT) and to formulated products applied to cotton bolls and foliage. In the AVT, acephate was more toxic than dicrotophos to brown stink bug [Euschistus servus (Say)] adults. Brown stink bug and southern green stink bug [Nezara viridula (L.)] adults were equally sensitive to dicrotophos. Generally, brown stink bug adults were most sensitive to the pyrethroid, bifenthrin (1.8- to 6.5-fold), compared with other pyrethroids. Brown stink bug adults were significantly less susceptible than southern green stink bug adults to cyfluthrin (3.9-fold), cypermethrin (2.9- to 33.8-fold), and λ-cyhalothrin (7.6- to 66.5-fold). The LC50S (μg/vial) for pyrethroids in the AVT ranged from 0.27 to 2.55, 0.06 to 0.40, and 0.02 to 0.58 for brown stink bug adults, lateinstar nymphs (of all species), and southern green stink bug adults, respectively. The order of susceptibility of stink bug species and developmental stages to insecticides from least to most susceptible was adult Euschistus spp., late-instar nymphs, and southern green stink bug adults. In field studies, acephate, dicrotophos, and high rates of bifenthrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, z-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin-treated plant tissue produced significant levels of brown stink bug adult mortality (52.5 to 89.2%) compared with non-treated controls (P≤0.01). © The Cotton Foundation 2003.
Indigenous Knowledge Exclusion in Education Systems of Africans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter intends to push the frontiers of knowledge production and raise consciousness of indigenous knowledge systems as an essential strategy that can enable transformation and enhance intergenerational approaches to learning for all Africans. The lack of inclusion of indigenous knowledge that is produced through the daily interaction of African children within the home and their environment in African education systems has had a negative impact and is a threat to the beingness of Africans. This does not only have a negative impact on the beingness of the African child but also on the journey of becoming an African. Becoming an African is an evolving concept that requires consistent self-reflection and adjustment according to the context and ongoing changes that occur in that context. African education systems and research can play a transformative constructive role in the revival of beingness and becoming an African person.
A hybrid pre-joined service network in graph database and memory for service composition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To make full use of the large space and persistency provided by a database and the fast processing speed of main memory, we propose a hybrid pre-joined service network method combining in-graph-database and in-memory calculations. This method firstly stores services' information and combinations in a graph database. Then, for a user's request, it retrieves candidate services from the database and constructs a service network in memory. After that, services are picked and composed to fulfil an optimal solution in memory. We assess the performance of our method by conducting experiments and comparing the approach with other database-based methods. Experiment results indicate the efficiency of this method in comparison, and it can always find solutions and lead to higher users' satisfaction.
Volatile and Non-Volatile Allelopathic Characteristics in Thermally Processed Needles of Two Conifers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With allelopathic composts, potential merits for preventing initial weed infestations have been observed in crop transplantation. However, previous studies have rarely investigated whether high temperatures, generated during composting, decrease allelopathic ability. This study evaluated the thermal allelopathic effect of two coniferous plants (Pinus densiflora and P. koraiensis) on Brassica napus germination and seedling growth using their characterized allelochemical destinations. The 90 °C dry treatment of P. densiflora extract exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on germination than its 30 °C dry treatment. In a range from 0.25 to 1 mg mL−1, the germination rate was decreased to 38.1 and 64.3% of control with P. densiflora extract dried at 90 and 30 °C, respectively. However, P. koraiensis showed potent inhibition of the germination process with no statistical difference in inhibitory effects regardless of the dry temperature. Regarding B. napus seedling root growth, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of both conifers were not reduced with the 90 °C treatment, but it was lost in seedling shoot growth. GC-MS/MS confirmed that high temperature treatment drastically decreased volatile contents to 53.2% in P. densiflora, resulting in reduced allelopathic abilities. However, a relatively lower decrease to 83.1% in volatiles of P. koraiensis accounts for less loss of the root-specific inhibitory effect on B. napus seedlings even after 90 °C treatment. Foliar tissues of both conifers with species-specific thermal resistance have potentially valuable functions regarding allelopathic use in horticultural compost processing ingredients, demonstrating their weed control ability during the early cultivation season where crops are transplanted in the facilitated area.
SET THE NET: THE HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE OF FISH CAMP AND WILD SALMON IN BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In over 10 years of environmental and socioeconomic studies surrounding the controversial Pebble Limited Partnership mine project design and permitting, commercial salmon fishers’ voices in Bristol Bay, Alaska remain unheard. To meaningfully participate in cultural resource management decision-making that affects them, communities need to speak, yet fisher communities rarely have an established voice. This dissertation uses critical collaborative ethnography and Indigenist research paradigms to describe how the recognition of living heritage communities can be facilitated through the identification of ethnographic landscapes. Such landscapes reflect the meaningful relationship of culture and place, concepts that are currently under-represented in Alaska. Not only my Self as a fisher, but also Other as researcher are presented in a single narrative that weaves together fisher interviews and conversations. As part of a growing body of collaborative research, this dissertation aims to decolonize research by seeking out alternative histories and amplifying marginalized voices of fishers who perpetuate experiential knowledge, and transmit this heritage to future generations through the yearly harvesting of the renewable resource of wild salmon.
High Appendicitis Incidence in Young Adults Calls for Routine Histological Examination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study explores the histopathological changes associated with appendicitis in appendicectomy specimens from Nasiriyah General Hospital. Employing a retrospective analysis on twenty specimens, it aims to underscore the importance of routine histological examinations. Findings reveal that all specimens were afflicted with appendicitis, featuring notable occurrences of mucosal glandular hyperplasia (43%), mucosal and submucosal layer necrosis (42%), and severe inflammatory cell infiltration (71%). These results highlight the necessity of comprehensive histological assessments in appendicectomy specimens to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient management, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Highlights: All specimens confirmed appendicitis with significant alterations. Routine histological exams critical for accurate diagnosis. Enhanced scrutiny improves adolescent, young adult treatment. Keywords: Appendicitis, Histopathological Changes, Appendicectomy, Histological Examination, Adolescents
Effect of Prenatal Zidovudine on Disease Progression in Perinatally HIV-1–Infected Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: The objective of this study was to compare drug injection- and sex-related risk behaviors of younger and older injection drug users (IDUs) in two adjacent neighborhoods. IDUs were recruited from street settings in two adjacent neighborhoods in San Francisco in April, 1997. All participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and were tested for HIV antibodies. Drug injection- and sex-related risk behaviors were compared between younger IDUs (<30 years; n = 56) and older IDUs (≥30 years; n = 116). Younger IDUs were more likely to be white, be homeless, have injected amphetamines, and have been arrested in the past year. Older IDUs were more likely to be African American and smoke crack cocaine; they had injected a mean of 18 years longer. Younger IDUs were more likely to have shared syringes in the past month (52% versus 10%; p < .05), report drug overdose in the past 15 months (39% versus 7%; p < .05), and to have had unprotected vaginal intercourse in the past 6 months (77% versus 53%; p < .05). After controlling for confounding factors using logistic regression analysis, all these associations remained significant. There is an urgent need for innovative prevention programs that target younger, homeless IDUs.
Struktur Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani Transmigran : Studi Sosio-Ekonomi di Tiga Kampung di Distrik Masni Kabupaten Manokwari

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the primary objectives of transmigration program are to increase the economic status of transmigrant farm-households and enhancing rural infrastructures of the local region. To see wether such objective is attainable, a study of transmigrant farm households has been conducted in West Papua. The study attempts: (1) to know whether there is any relation between the socio-cultural/ethnical background of the transmigrant farm-household with the achievement of welfare status, (2) to analyze factors influencing to the income level of transmigrant farm-households, and (3) to understand how the farm households enhance the degree of economic status by building numerous livelihood strategies. The methods as used in the analysis are: (1) income level analysis of the households, (2) gini-ratio analysis, and (3) descriptive analysis. The results of this study are: socio-cultural (ethnical) setting of transmigrant has a substantial influence to the achievement of welfare level. Javanese transmigrant showed a much higher income achievement due to their strong engagement in the non-farm economy, as compared to Papuanese transmigrant farm-households. The non-farm economy provides a strong basis for economic growth at household level. However, the growth of non-farm economy unexpectedly caused an increasing tendency of income disparity among different farm household strata. Since non-farm economy shares a positive contribution for regional economic growth, the study concludes, that the government needs to take seriously this economic sector into account when regional development needs to be well-accomplished in West Papua.
Dress as Civic Celebration in Late Sixteenth-Century Venice: The Woodcuts of Cesare Vecellio’s <em>Habiti antichi et moderni</em> and the Paintings of Paolo Veronese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay, we discuss words and images in sixteenth-century Venice in two forms: the prose commentary and woodcuts in Cesare Vecellio's Degli habiti antichi et moderni di diverse parti del mondo (Venice, 1590), and the paintings of Paulo Veronese from 1550 to 1578. Our theoretical framework is the analysis of ideology as it is materialized in the making, wearing and representation of clothing. We study three kinds of dress in Venice: the red silks worn by wealthy merchants, the black wool and velvet worn by patrician men, and the white and gold brocades worn by noblewomen. Differences in medium, technique and scale separate Vecellio and Veronese, but they both invoke ancient history and present-day mercantilism to affirm the myth of Venice as a paragon of political order and man-made beauty. That is, the printmaker-writer and the painter share a common rhetorical purpose: through clothing, to celebrate their city as a center of textile wealth and social harmony. In spite of the contrasts between a costume book combining small woodcuts with textual commentary and a range of large portraits and allegories commissioned by patrons at the top of the social hierarchy, both men's work communicates the same matrix of beliefs, condensed into their representations of the dress worn in contemporary Venice.
Genetic mapping of mice derived from an F2 intercross population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetic mapping based on the genetic distance plays an important role in research fields, such as biomedicine, biochemistry and agricultural science. Especially when the whole genome have not been sequenced, genetic mapping is an effective tool for functional gene location, genomic analysis and quantitative trait locus analysis. Genetic map is the map with the genetic locations of the specific genes. In this thesis, the genetic map of mice derived from an F2 intercross population was reconstructed, based on the data of 336 male individuals with 51 markers analyzed by the qtl package of R statistical software.
Integrating Genome-Wide Genetic Variations and Monocyte Expression Data Reveals Trans-Regulated Gene Modules in Humans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One major expectation from the transcriptome in humans is to characterize the biological basis of associations identified by genome-wide association studies. So far, few cis expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have been reliably related to disease susceptibility. Trans-regulating mechanisms may play a more prominent role in disease susceptibility. We analyzed 12,808 genes detected in at least 5% of circulating monocyte samples from a population-based sample of 1,490 European unrelated subjects. We applied a method of extraction of expression patterns-independent component analysis-to identify sets of co-regulated genes. These patterns were then related to 675,350 SNPs to identify major trans-acting regulators. We detected three genomic regions significantly associated with co-regulated gene modules. Association of these loci with multiple expression traits was replicated in Cardiogenics, an independent study in which expression profiles of monocytes were available in 758 subjects. The locus 12q13 (lead SNP rs11171739), previously identified as a type 1 diabetes locus, was associated with a pattern including two cis eQTLs, RPS26 and SUOX, and 5 trans eQTLs, one of which (MADCAM1) is a potential candidate for mediating T1D susceptibility. The locus 12q24 (lead SNP rs653178), which has demonstrated extensive disease pleiotropy, including type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and celiac disease, was associated to a pattern strongly correlating to blood pressure level. The strongest trans eQTL in this pattern was CRIP1, a known marker of cellular proliferation in cancer. The locus 12q15 (lead SNP rs11177644) was associated with a pattern driven by two cis eQTLs, LYZ and YEATS4, and including 34 trans eQTLs, several of them tumor-related genes. This study shows that a method exploiting the structure of co-expressions among genes can help identify genomic regions involved in trans regulation of sets of genes and can provide clues for understanding the mechanisms linking genome-wide association loci to disease.
On the modeling of brine transport in porous media

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of concentrated brine transport arises in the study of transport of pollutants released from a repository in a rock salt formation. An important characteristic of brine, as compared to other solutions normally encountered in groundwater problems, is that it contains a high concentration of solutes. This factor requires special attention in the development of mathematical models for brine transport problems. In this work we discuss certain important physical and mathematical differences between low‐ and high‐concentration situations. In particular, we consider three primary aspects of a model: basic equations, boundary conditions, and numerical techniques. Recognizing the fact that in high‐concentration situations, the fluid motion is not independent of the solutes movement, a new formulation of Darcy's and Fick's law are proposed. The basic equations comprise a set of two nonlinear coupled partial differential equations to be solved for the pressure p and the solute mass fraction ω. These equations have to be solved by means of iterative methods. Various possibilities involving finite difference methods have been studied. In one case, after discretizing the equations in a fully implicit way, the Newton‐Raphson method has been employed to solve the system of nonlinear difference equations simultaneously. In another case, after removing part of the nonlinearity by a transformation of the dependent variable ω, a procedure of sequential solution of the two equations by successive substitution is employed. It turns out that the latter method is considerably faster than the former one as a result of the quasi‐linearization. Finally, considering boundary conditions, it is shown that often they are also nonlinear and coupled. Appropriate conditions for a rock salt boundary and an outflow boundary are developed and their significance in high‐concentration situations are discussed. In particular, a nonlinear time‐dependent boundary condition at a rock salt boundary is developed which takes into account the process of salt dissolution and cap rock formation.
Re‐Examining Buchel et al.’s (2021) Test of the Status Legitimacy Hypothesis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The status‐legitimacy hypothesis posits that low‐status groups more strongly endorse social hierarchies and disadvantageous systems (i.e., engage in system justification), particularly under extreme societal inequality. Buchel et al. (2021) found supportive evidence for this hypothesis based on a 28‐nation survey ( N = 48,802). However, other large‐scale studies have produced contradictory evidence. Consequently, we re‐examined Buchel et al.’s (2021) data, this time breaking down the critical status inequality interaction and visualizing the patterns with scatterplots. Contrary to the status‐legitimacy hypothesis, our results often showed that both objective and subjective status were associated with system justification in the opposite direction–even in contexts of high societal inequality. However, higher societal inequality sometimes reduces the system justification gap between status groups. We discuss the implications of these mixed findings for the debate around the existence of a system justification motive.