jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STOMPING THE UNDEAD: A BLUES THEORY OF ZOMBIE CULTURE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With this essay, I join the moaning hordes who have tried to explain the resurgent popularity of the zombie in American culture. Why has this particular monster so pervaded our popular imagination in the 21st century? Consider The Walking Dead, Land of the Dead, World War Z, Zombieland, iZombie, Resident Evil, The Last of Us—from film and television, to novels and comic books, to video games and public spectacles like zombie walks, what do all of these zombie stories tell us about the stories we tell and why we tell them?
Vehicle Rollover Stability And Path Planning In Adas Using Model Predictive Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been developed in recent years to significantly improve safety in driving and assist driver’s response in extreme situations in which quick decisions and maneuvers are required. Common features of ADAS in modern vehicles include automatic emergency braking (AEB), lane keeping assistance (LKA), electric stability control (ESC), and adaptive cruise control (ACC). While these features are developed primarily based on sensor fusion, image processing and vehicle kinematics, the importance of vehicle dynamics must not be overlooked to ensure that the vehicle can follow the desired trajectory without inducing any instability. In many extreme situations such as object avoidance, fast maneuvering of vehicles with high center of gravity might result in rollover instability, an event with a high fatality rate. It is thus necessary to incorporate vehicle dynamics into ADAS to improve the robustness of the system in the path planning to avoid collision with other vehicles or objects and prevent vehicle instability. The objectives of this thesis are to examine the efficacy of a vehicle dynamics model in ADAS to simulate rollover and to develop an active controller using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to manipulate the front-wheel steering and four-wheel differential braking forces, which are related to active steering as well as dynamic stability control for collision avoidance. The controller is designed using the model predictive control approach. A four degree-of-freedom vehicle model is simulated and tested in various scenarios. According to simulation results, the vehicle controller by the MPC controller can track the predicted path within error tolerance. The trajectories used in different simulation scenarios are generated by the MPC controller.
Late angiographic evaluation of radial artery grafts used in surgical myocardial revascularization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the late patency of the radial artery used as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting through a selective catheterization. METHOD:A group of 109 patients operated on for coronary artery bypass grafting used radial artery as grafts, from September 1995 to October 1996, were re-studied in the immediate post-operative period. Among these patients, 91 (83.5%) were contacted either by phone or through outpatient follow-ups, and 34 underwent a late angiographic study. Twenty-two patients were male (65%). The average age of the patients was 57.4 years old (37-70). The average time of the restudy was of 51.2 months (41-63). Thirty-eight distal anastomoses were performed using the radial artery, with an average of 1.12 distal anastomoses per patient. The analysis of these data is the basis for the present study. RESULTS: The radial artery was patent in 30 patients (34 distal anastomoses - 89.5%), and had a lesion in only one patient along with the proximal anastomosis in the aorta. Out of the four patients who presented total graft obstruction, two were male. We observed inadequate indications in two patients, and no justifiable occlusions in the others. From the 91 re-studied patients in the immediate post-operative period, there was late mortality in 6 patients (6.6%), one adenocarcinoma of the lung, and the others by cardiac causes. The only patient who presented a lesion at the radial artery underwent angioplasty with a stent implantation and had a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The radial artery, used as a conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting, shows satisfactory angiographic aspects and also a satisfactory patency, similar to those of the left internal thoracic artery, when evaluated in this time of follow-up.
Platform Competition under Partial Belief Advantage

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper considers platform competition in a two-sided market that includes buyers and sellers. One of the platforms benets from a partial belief advantage, in that each side believes that it is more likely that the other side will join the advantaged platform. We nd that the degree of the platform’s belief advantage aects its decision regarding the business model (i.e., whether to subsidize buyers or sellers), the access fees and the size of the platform. A slight increase in the platform’s belief advantage may induce the advantaged platform to switch from subsidizing sellers to subsidizing buyers, or induce the disadvantaged platform to switch from subsidizing buyers to subsidizing sellers.
API recognition and linking in stack overflow

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Stack Overflow, one of the most popular programming Q&A forum has become a wealth of information on software engineering. This textual content provides rich and up-to-date learning resources for developers to learn the usage of application programming interface (API). However, it can be insufficient on its own and developers often need to do further reading on the API documentation. APIs mentioned in natural language texts are rarely fully qualified, so simple matching of the names may be linked to many potential code elements declared by different classes and/or different libraries. In this report, we propose a filter based method of linking API terms in Stack Overflow posts to API documentation by leveraging the context in which an API is mentioned. We also present the implementation of a web application, called LinkAPI, to automatically incorporate online API documentation links into the API terms in Stack Overflow posts. In an evaluation study with three popular Python libraries, we found that our linking technique can resolve most of the ambiguities.
Cloning the interferon regulatory factor 1 gene in lungfish (Protopterus annectens) and its molecular evolution among sarcopterygians

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sarcopterygians is an important vertebrate clade that includes crossopterygians and tetrapods. Crossopterygians are lobe-finned fish that include lungfish and coelacanths. Tetrapods include amphibians, reptiles, avians and mammals. To compare the interferon regulatory factor 1 (irf-1) gene structure and to explore phylogenetic relationships among sarcopterygians, we cloned the cDNA sequence of irf-1 from lungfish and compared it with irf-1 orthologs in other sarcopterygian species. The lungfish is a primitive sarcopterygian that occupies a very important position in vertebrate phylogeny. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of proteins involved in innate immunity. To date, 11 IRF family members have been reported. All IRFs share homology in the first 115 amino acids, which encompasses a DNA binding domain containing a characteristic repeat of 5 tryptophan residues separated by 10–18 amino acids. IRF-1 and IRF-2 were the first members of this family to be reported and they have a very important role in innate immunity. However, studies of the irf-1 and irf-2 genes are mostly confined to mammals; very few non-mammalian irf-1 genes have been reported. Consistent with the irf-1 gene sequences already published, the first 345 nucleotides of lungfish irf-1 are highly conserved. At the carboxyl terminal a C-terminal transactivating region motif and an interferon associated domain (IAD2) were identified. 417 million years separate the present from the closest common ancestor of lungfish and tetrapods; however, the irf-1 genes among sarcopterygians are highly conserved and have very obvious phylogenetic relationships. Also the interrelationship tree of sarcopterygians, based on IRF-1 amino acid sequences, is identical with trees produced using other data, such as morphological characteristics or mitochondrial gene sequences.
KISSPEPTIN SYSTEM: A Multi-Homeostatic System

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The last decades have witnessed an upsurge of neuropeptides research.These substances regulate or influence various functions in the body like appetite, water intake, learning and memory, adaptive responses to environmental stress, thermoregulation and fever, social behaviour, and sleep.Kisspeptin (formerly known as metastin) is a protein that is encoded by the KISS1 gene in the Anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and Arcuate nucleus (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus which was originally discovered in 1996 by Lee and Welch while conducting oncology research at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.It couple to G-protein receptor ligand for (GPR54) G-protein receptor 54 (Messager et al, 2005).It is found to play many important physiological roles which include: initiation of puberty, anti-oxidative effect, regulation of prolactin release, glucose homeostasis, role in nutrition status and fertility, role in pregnancy, increases sensitivity of chemoreceptors on type 2 carotid bodies, anti-metastatic effect, hot flushes in post-menopausal women.Kisspeptins are so named because the arginine-phenylalanine residues are present at the amino terminal "Arg-Phe-NH2"; all of the kisspeptin fragments have a C-terminal decapeptide that is critical for biological activity (Clements et al, 2001;Kotani et al, 2001). II.
Concordances from differences of torus knots to $L$-space knots

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is known that connected sums of positive torus knots are not concordant to $L$-space knots. Here we consider differences of torus knots. The main result states that the subgroup of the concordance group generated by two positive torus knots contains no nontrivial $L$-space knots other than the torus knots themselves. Generalizations to subgroups generated by more than two torus knots are also considered.
Punishment and Proportionality: Part 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay concerns the question of the standard of justice by which the severity of punishment is determined relative to the seriousness of the crime for which it is inflicted. The essay puts forward the view that the standard by which the severity of punishment is determined to be proportional to the seriousness of the crime is the minimal amount of harm necessary to preserve social order. The view is based on an understanding of punishment as harm that is intentionally and openly inflicted on someone in retaliation for something he or she did. Such retaliation serves to preserve the social order when its targets are individuals who are less powerful than the retaliators or their agents. On this understanding of punishment, the standard the essay puts forward for determining the severity of punishment is more just than the standard applied to achieve optimal deterrence.
Who Are the Populists in Iceland? Measuring Populist Attitudes in Icelandic Voters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Populism has become a buzz word, as everyone, from politicians to the media, throw the term around without much regard to what it truly means. The great majority of the research on populism has been focused on radical right-wing populist movements across Europe, and less attention has been given to left or center populist movements. Additionally, most research focuses on the causes of populism, and less so on the characteristics of the individuals who display populist attitudes. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to identify the individual-level attributes and party preferences of populist supporters in Iceland. To do this, the thesis analyzes the repercussions of the 2008 economic crisis and assesses whether the political events that followed the “crash” were the catalyst for the rise of center-left populism. Through the interpretation of the post-crisis election results, the study postulates who are the individuals who are most likely to display populist attitudes. To substantiate the hypotheses, the study builds a theoretically-consistent and empirically-sound mechanism to measure populist attitudes, through the creation of a “populism scale”. Using the populism scale, the research then assesses whether there exists a relationship between populist attitudes and individual-level characteristics and party preferences.
The Sun’s Magnetic (Hale) Cycle and 27 Day Recurrences in the aa Geomagnetic Index

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We construct a new solar cycle phase clock which maps each of the last 18 solar cycles onto a single normalized epoch for the approximately 22 yr Hale (magnetic polarity) cycle, using the Hilbert transform of daily sunspot numbers (SSNs) since 1818. The occurrences of solar maxima show almost no discernible Hale cycle dependence, consistent with the clock being synchronized to polarity reversals. We reengineer the Sargent R27 index and combine it with our epoch analysis to obtain a high time resolution parameter for 27 day recurrence in aa , 〈 acv (27)〉. This reveals that the transition to recurrence, that is, to an ordered solar wind dominated by high-speed streams, is fast, with an upper bound of a few solar rotations. It resolves an extended late declining phase which is approximately twice as long on even Schwabe cycles as odd. Galactic cosmic ray flux rises in step with 〈 acv (27)〉 but then stays high. Our analysis also identifies a slow-timescale trend in SSN that simply tracks the Gleissberg cycle. We find that this trend is in phase with the slow-timescale trend in the modulus of sunspot latitudes, and in antiphase with that of the R27 index.
Submillimeter Plasma Diagnostics in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Research

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The characteristic parameters of plasma in the tokamak, the mirror and the bumpy torus devices used in controlled thermonuclear fusion research are such that submillimeter wavelengths are required for a number of important diagnostics. These diagnostics include measurements of plasma density, electron cyclotron radiation levels, ion temperature, and impurity-concentration. It may also be possible to use sub-millimeter radiation to measure transverse thermal conductivity in a tokamak plasma by local heating and to determine the poloidal magnetic field by cyclotron absorption and measurements.
Study on the Simulation of Electric Heating Phase Change Floor System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Establishing a kind of electric heating system of phase change floor, analysing the stability and comfort through the simulation. Choosing the phase change materials, which the phase transition temperature is 29°C and the latent heat is 188 kJ/kg. The phase change materials used in electric heating floor heating system, comparing the general electric heating floor system, Calculating the floor surface temperature and indoor air temperature. It turned out that the heat storage of phase change floor system will be well, when compared to the common system, indoor temperature changes gently, human comfort higher. Phase change materials stores the cheap electricalheatenergy, and releases during daytime, So as to realize energy conservation and economy .
Land Requirement, Feedstock Haul Distance, and Expected Cost Consequences of Restricting Switchgrass Production to Marginal Land

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy crop production has been proposed for land of poor quality to avoid competition with food production and negative indirect land use consequences. The objective of this study was to determine the land area requirements, biomass transportation distance, and expected cost consequences of restricting switchgrass biomass production, for use as biofuel feedstock, to marginal land relative to unrestricted land use. The USA soils capability classification system was used to differentiate between high quality land (Class I) and land of marginal quality (Class IV). Switchgrass biomass yield distributions were simulated for each of four land capability classes for counties in the Eastern Oklahoma case study region. For a 70 million gallons per year cellulosic ethanol biorefinery, restricting land use to capability Class IV (defined as marginal) increases the quantity of land required to support the biorefinery by 47%; increases biomass trucking distance by 218%; increases cost to delivery feedstock by 13%; and increases the expected cost to produce a gallon of ethanol by $0.19. In the absence of government restrictions, for-profit companies are not likely to limit energy crop production to land of marginal quality.
Inhalational antibiotic therapy for treatment of chronic pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus disease in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes chronic pulmonary infections. Due to M. abscessus's intrinsic antibiotic resistance, treatment is often complex with low cure rates. Tigecycline, a glycylcycline class antibiotic, demonstrates bactericidal effects against M. abscessus without eliciting bacterial resistance mechanisms, however, this antibiotic requires intravenous administration and causes significant side effects that limit its use. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tigecycline administered via inhalation has the potential to maximize the bactericidal effect while reducing side effects. GM-CSF knockout mice with pulmonary M. abscessus infection were treated by intrapulmonary tigecycline aerosols in 0.25 mg, 1.25 mg, and 2.50 mg doses for 28 days. Assessment of pulmonary bacterial burden after full treatment duration shows that inhaled tigecycline is highly effective, dose-dependent, and well tolerated. We concluded that inhaled tigecycline represents a viable treatment option for M. abscessus pulmonary disease. Future studies should address the pharmacokinetics, and ultimately, translation into clinical trials.
Postprandial Hypotension in Clinical Geriatric Patients and Healthy Elderly: Prevalence Related to Patient Selection and Diagnostic Criteria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aims of this study were to find out whether Postprandial hypotension (PPH) occurs more frequently in patients admitted to a geriatric ward than in healthy elderly individuals, what the optimal interval between blood pressure measurements is in order to diagnose PPH and how often it is associated with symptoms.The result of this study indicates that PPH is present in a high number of frail elderly, but also in a few healthy older persons. Measuring blood pressure at least every 10 minutes for 60 minutes after breakfast will adequately diagnose PPH, defined as >20 mmHg systolic fall, in most patients. However with definition of PPH as >30 mmHg systolic fall, measuring blood pressure every 10 minutes will miss PPH in one of three patients. With the latter definition of PPH the presence of postprandial complaints is not associated with the existence of PPH.
HEALTH-RELATED FAMILY QUALITY OF LIFE WHEN A CHILD OR YOUNG PERSON HAS A DISABILITY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Parents of a child or young person with disability face not only the same challenges as parents of typically developing children and young people, but also the extra challenges of supporting the child or young person with disability in such a way as to maximise both their own quality of life (QOL) and family quality of life (FQOL) for all family members. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) encompasses not only physical health but also mental and emotional health, equally important for FQOL. This article builds on information from previous publications, and illustrates relevant issues and the innovative methods parents, caregivers, and professionals have devised to enhance the HRQOL for children and young people with disability, and to improve FQOL. The author draws upon her personal lived experiences of having two daughters, the eldest an adult with disability, as well as being the medical consultant and manager of a newly created health unit tasked with supporting students with disability, who often have high health needs, in educational settings. The health conditions selected are those that have a major impact, not only on the young person with disability but also on family members. Vignettes, all deidentified true stories, will be included to illustrate the multiple issues faced by children and young people with disability, their families and extended families, and treating clinicians. These stories will hopefully resonate with families in particular.
Complex Combination Therapy: The Evolution Toward Rational Polypharmacy in Lithium‐Resistant Bipolar Illness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Prevalence and Rationales The Inadequacy of Two Mood Stabilizers in Combination in Systematic Studies Depression and Correlates of Poor Response to Naturalistic Polytherapy Case Examples of Response to Complex Combination Therapy Some Treatment Principles for Complex Combination Therapy Empirical and Theoretical Rationales for Polypharmacy Conclusions References
Optimization Design for Structure of a Shroud Base on Fluent

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a CFD modeling study on the optimization design for the shroud structure of a three-phase electroslag furnace using double electrode series technique by a commercial code FLUENT. The Realizable kε turbulence model, Do radiation model and Mixture model are amply used to compute the flow of gases in the furnace under different entrance layouts of the shroud, and the influence of entrance layout on the air volume fraction in the furnace is obtained. Finally, a suited suggestion on the entrance layout of shroud is presented that ring topologies should be adopted.
Agronomic Response of Winter Rapeseed to Rate and Date of Seeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In northern Idaho, winter rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) usually is seeded on summer fallow in early to mid‐August at 4.5 to 13.5 kg seed ha −1 . A 2‐yr study was conducted at Moscow, ID, to quantify crop performance as influenced by date of seeding and seeding rate. In the 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 growing seasons, high‐erucic‐acid winter rapeseed cultivars, ‘Dwarf Essex’ and ‘Bridger’, were seeded on four dates at 2‐wk intervals from early August to mid‐September at four seeding rates from 0.9 to 2.7 × 10 6 seeds ha −1 . Greatest yield for the four dates ranged from 1974 to 2675 kg ha −1 . Optimum spring plant stands for attaining those yields were between 61 and 112 plants m −2 , obtained at different seeding rates, depending on the date of seeding. The lowest seeding rates (0.9 and 1.5 × 10 6 seeds ha −1 ) produced optimum spring plant stands for the mid‐August and early September seeding. Higher seeding rates in early August and mid‐September were necessary to achieve optimum spring plant stands.