jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GENERA OF PHALANGERIDAE (METATHERIA: DIPROTODONTIA) INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We sequenced the 12S rRNA gene of 2 elusive and morphologically plesiomorphic species of phalanger: the small Sulawesi cuscus (Strigocuscus celebensis—Gray, 1858) and the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus—Temminck, 1824). The sequences were integrated with previously existing data on the same gene in other species of phalangerids, as well as newly derived data from Wyulda Alexander, 1918. In contrast to current wisdom, we resolve S. celebensis not as a member of the tribe Trichosurini, but rather as a taxon sister to Ailurops in a reconstituted Ailuropinae in turn successively sister to Phalangerinae. Examination of our data supports an evolutionary origin for the family approximately 34 million years ago (mya), in the northwestern region of the Sahul Shelf, the continental mass underlying Australia and New Guinea. The radiation of the most plesiomorphic genera in the family, Trichosurus and Wyulda, is restricted to that region. S. celebensis, resolved as sister to A. ursinus in a clade ingroup to trichosurines, diverged from remaining ingroup lineages between 21.1 and 23.3 mya, a time when Sulawesi was available for colonization and sea currents would have enhanced the colonization potential from the east of Sulawesi and neighboring islands. We recommend Trichosurinae as a subfamilial level entity on par with Ailuropinae and Phalangerinae, circumscription of Trichosurinae to Trichosurus and Wyulda, and removal of Strigocuscus into Ailuropinae, leaving only Phalanger and Spilocuscus in Phalangerinae.
The Fluorescence of Advanced Maillard Products Is a Good Indicator of Lysine Damage during the Maillard Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine whether in heat-treated milk-resembling models or milk there is a lag phase, before lactulosyllysine (LL) is converted into advanced Maillard products (AMP), and if there is a step during the heat treatment where LL is actively degraded into AMP. For that purpose, a low temperature (60-85 degrees C) and a long heat treatment (15-90 h) were chosen. We observe that the heat treatment first induces a parallel increase in furosine and AMP fluorescence, confirming that AMP are produced very early during the heat treatment. At this step, both indicators are correlated with each other and precisely reflect the lysine damage. After a time, however, furosine reaches a steady-state concentration, whereas AMP fluorescence still increases, remaining correlated with the lysine blockage. Nevertheless, heat treatment applied to milk does not reach this step so that AMP fluorescence appears as a rapid alternative to furosine quantification.
Screening effect for excitonic spectrum of Coulomb coupling between two Dirac particles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The properties of screening effect for energy spectrum of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are investigated using a multiband model. The excitonic hamiltonian in the product base of the Dirac single-particle is used. The corresponding energy eigenvalue system of the first order ODE (radial equations) was solved using the finite difference method. This enables to determine the energy eigenvalues of the discrete excitonic spectrum and the wave functions. We compare the results for the energy spectrum and the corresponding eigen-functions forms for WS 2 and WSe 2 computed for two different potentials: pure Coulomb and screened Coulomb (Keldysh potential). It is demonstrated that excitonic energy levels for unscreened potential lie dipper, and the corresponding eigen-functions’ forms differ from those obtained for screened one.
Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata dan Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Arab Siswa melalui Penggunaan Aplikasi Assemblr Edu Berbasis Augmented Reality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension in Arabic remain problematic for students, necessitating innovative teaching methods. One potential solution is using technology-based learning media, such as the Assemblr Edu app that utilizes Augmented Reality (AR). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Assembly Edu app, based on Augmented Reality, in enhancing vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension in Arabic among eighth-grade students at MTsN 9 Majalengka. The research employs a quantitative and quasi-experimental method (non-equivalent group control design). Data were collected through observations, interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The analysis revealed that the average scores for vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension increased from 45.45 to 58.40 after using the app, marking a 24% improvement. This significant increase indicates that the AR application effectively enhanced both aspects compared to the control class that did not use the app. The findings have important implications for Arabic language education in Indonesia, particularly in integrating technology to improve teaching effectiveness. Recommendations for future research include exploring AR applications across different educational levels, developing app features tailored to student needs, and conducting long-term studies and comparative evaluations with other teaching methods.
1 A Quantitative Content Analysis of Mercer University MEd, EdS, and Doctoral Theses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Quantitative content analysis of a body of research not only helps budding researchers understand the culture, language, and expectations of scholarship, it helps identify deficiencies and inform policy and practice. Because of these benefits, an analysis of a census of 980 Mercer University MEd, EdS, and doctoral theses was conducted. Each thesis was coded on 10 variables. The descriptive characteristics of the theses, the predictors of the length of thesis, and the predictors of the type of research method of the thesis were investigated. The main results were that (a) the vast majority of thesis authors were female, (b) the number of qualitative theses was on the rise, (c) there were slight variations in research method and length based on location of publication, (d) the page length of MEd theses had been slightly decreasing over time, (e) mathematics instruction was the most frequent subject descriptor of theses, and (f) the proportion of male authors increased over time. 3 A Quantitative Content Analysis of Mercer University MEd, EdS, and Doctoral Theses Quantitative content analysis, “the systematic, objective, quantitative analysis of message
Sex-specific trends in 4-year survival in 37 276 men and women with acute myocardial infarction before the age of 55 years in Sweden, 1987–2006: a register-based cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To examine sex-specific trends in 4-year mortality among young patients with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 1987–2006. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants We identified 37 276 cases (19.4% women; age, 25–54 years) from the Swedish Inpatient Register, 1987–2006, who had survived 28 days after an AMI. Outcome measures 4-year mortality from all causes and standard mortality ratio (SMR). Results From the first to last 5-year period, the absolute excess risk decreased from 1.38 to 0.50 and 1.53 to 0.59 per 100 person-years among men aged 25–44 and 45–54 years, respectively. Corresponding figures for women were a decrease from 2.26 to 1.17 and from 1.93 to 1.45 per 100 person-years, respectively. Trends for women were non-linear, decreasing to the same extent as those for men until the third period, then increasing. For the last 5-year period, the standardised mortality ratio for young survivors of AMI compared with the general population was 4.34 (95% CI 3.04 to 5.87) and 2.43 (95% CI 2.12 to 2.76) for men aged 25–44 and 45–54 years, respectively, and 13.53 (95% CI 8.36 to 19.93) and 6.42 (95% CI 5.24 to 7.73) for women, respectively. Deaths not associated with cardiovascular causes increased from 21.5% to 44.6% in men and 41.5% to 65.9% in women. Conclusions Young male survivors of AMI have low absolute long-term mortality rates, but these rates remain twofold to fourfold that of the general population. After favourable development until 2001, women now have higher absolute mortality than men and a 6-fold to 14-fold risk of death compared with women in the general population.
Presence of crevicular fluid Prostaglandin E2 in relation with clinical and radiographic periodontal status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is present in gingival crevicular fluid the (GCF) and is evidenced in periodontal disease (PD). However, there are no enough reports to correlate the PGE2 concentrations in GCF in periodontal health and disease with clinical and radiographic indicators, age and gender. Hence, the present study is aimed to estimate the levels of PGE2 in GCF of subjects without periodontal disease (SEP) and periodontal disease (CEP). Materials and Methods: 99 subjects were selected, 33 without PD (G1) and 66 with PD, 33 with gingivitis (G2) and 33 with periodontitis (G3), which were submitted to a clinical and radiographic diagnosis, registering samples FGC, being stored, centrifuged and refrigerated for preservation. Subsequently the concentration of crevicular PGE2 was measured by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), determining the concentration of each subject. Results: PGE2 was detected in all the samples. The G1 presented a concentration of 28.82 ± 2.88 pg / mL, G2 44.91 ± 4.37 pg / mL and G3 148.67 ± 74.74 pg / mL (p <0.0001). PGE2 levels were significantly correlated with bleeding on probing, probing depth, attachment loss and bone loss (p <0.05). PGE2 levels were modified by age, but not gender. Conclusion: It is well known that activated inflammatory cells produce inflammatory mediators that stimulate the production of PGE2. The findings of this study demonstrate an increased concentration of PGE2 in FCG according to the presence of greater severity of PD. PGE2 may be considered as a biomarker in PD progression. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.
PCR assay for rapid taxonomic differentiation of virulent Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophages

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Phage therapy is now seen as a promising way to overcome the current global crisis in the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, phages are highly strain specific and, in most cases, one will have to isolate a new phage, or search for a suitable for therapeutic application phage in existing libraries. At an early stage of the isolation process, rapid screening techniques are needed to identify and type potential virulent phage. Here, we proposed a simple PCR approach to differentiate between two families of virulent Staphylococci phages (Herelleviridae and Rountreeviridae) and eleven genera of virulent Klebsiella phages (Przondovirus, Taipeivirus, Drulisvirus, Webervirus, Jiaodavirus, Sugarlandvirus, Slopekvirus, Jedunavirus, Marfavirus, Mydovirus, and Yonseivirus). This assay included a thorough search for specific genes, that are highly conserved at the taxonomic group level, on a dataset comprising S. aureus (n = 269) and K. pneumoniae (n = 480) phage genomes available in the NCBI RefSeq/GenBank database. The selected primers showed high sensitivity and specificity for both isolated DNA and crude phage lysates, which allows circumventing the DNA purification protocols. Our approach can be extended and applied to any group of phages, given the large number of available genomes in the databases.
Isolation of a lentivirus from a macaque with lymphoma: comparison with HTLV-III/LAV and other lentiviruses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A retrovirus has been isolated on the human T-cell line HuT 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma in 1982 at the University of Washington primate center. This isolate, designated MnIV (WPRC-1) (M. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus, Washington Primate Research Center) shows the characteristic morphology of a lentivirus and replicates to high titers in various lymphocyte lines of human and primate origin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified MnIV revealed multiple bands of structural proteins, including a major viral gag protein of 28 kilodaltons, that did not comigrate with the viral proteins of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [FRE-1]) that was also isolated on HuT 78 cells. The relatedness of MnIV to other lentiviruses (HTLV-III/LAV, EIAV, and visna) was examined in radioimmunoassays, by immunoblot techniques, and by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the viral p28 gag protein. The immunoassays revealed cross-reactivity only between MnIV p28 and HTLV-III/LAV p24, and sequence analysis showed that 14 of the 24 N-terminal residues of MnIV p28 and HTLV-III/LAV p24 are identical. These results indicate that MnIV belongs to the same lentivirus family as HTLV-III/LAV but is only partially related to these human acquired immune deficiency syndrome retroviruses.
Omics Approaches To Probe Microbiota and Drug Metabolism Interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The drug metabolism field has long recognized the beneficial and sometimes deleterious influence of microbiota in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Early pioneering work with the sulfanilamide precursor prontosil pointed toward the necessity not only to better understand the metabolic capabilities of the microbiota but also, importantly, to identify the specific microbiota involved in the generation and metabolism of drugs. However, technological limitations important for cataloging the microbiota community as well as for understanding and/or predicting their metabolic capabilities hindered progress. Current advances including mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling as well as culture-independent sequence-based identification and functional analysis of microbiota have begun to shed light on microbial metabolism. In this review, case studies will be presented to highlight key aspects (e.g., microbiota identification, metabolic function and prediction, metabolite identification, and profiling) that have helped to clarify how the microbiota might impact or be impacted by drug metabolism. Lastly, a perspective of the future of this field is presented that takes into account what important knowledge is lacking and how to tackle these problems.
Discovery of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Peptides by Active Learning-Directed Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electronically active organic molecules have demonstrated great promise as novel soft materials for energy harvesting and transport. Self-assembled nanoaggregates formed from π-conjugated oligopeptides composed of an aromatic core flanked by oligopeptide wings offer emergent optoelectronic properties within a water-soluble and biocompatible substrate. Nanoaggregate properties can be controlled by tuning core chemistry and peptide composition, but the sequence-structure-function relations remain poorly characterized. In this work, we employ coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations within an active learning protocol employing deep representational learning and Bayesian optimization to efficiently identify molecules capable of assembling pseudo-1D nanoaggregates with good stacking of the electronically active π-cores. We consider the DXXX-OPV3-XXXD oligopeptide family, where D is an Asp residue and OPV3 is an oligophenylenevinylene oligomer (1,4-distyrylbenzene), to identify the top performing XXX tripeptides within all 203 = 8000 possible sequences. By direct simulation of only 2.3% of this space, we identify molecules predicted to exhibit superior assembly relative to those reported in prior work. Spectral clustering of the top candidates reveals new design rules governing assembly. This work establishes new understanding of DXXX-OPV3-XXXD assembly, identifies promising new candidates for experimental testing, and presents a computational design platform that can be generically extended to other peptide-based and peptide-like systems.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea due to a congenital tegmen tympani defect is reported. The etiology and pathogenesis of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and of the spontaneous congenital form in particular is discussed, together with the clinical picture and the methods of diagnosis. Reviewing the literature, a middle ear exploration is considered to be the procedure of choice to ascertain the presence and determine the exact locus of the cerebrospinal fluid leak.
The Impact of Credit Rating Changes in Latin American Stock Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Our objective is to examine whether a rating change or Credit Watch announcement has a significant impact on Latin American stock prices. We conducted an event study to analyze stock market reaction to such news in the four major Latin American economies: Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. We find similar results to thosepreviously observed in the literature, wherein the impact is quite significant for rating downgrades but less relevant for rating upgrades and Credit Watches. We also run cross section regressions to investigate which variables best explain the impact rating changes announcements have on stock prices in these countries. The results indicate that the most significant variable is the absolute change in the number of notches for downgrades. We conclude that credit ratings are relevant information in Latin America.
The study of antioxidant activity on chololate functional drink (theobroma cacao l) with addition of cinnamon (cinnamomum burnzanii) = Studi aktivitas antioksidan minuman fungsional coklat (theobroma cacao l.) dengan penambahan kayu manis (cinnamomum burmanii)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cocoa powder and cinnamon are the main ingredients for making chocolate _functional drink. Some different type and fat treatment of cocoa powder had analyzed used on their antioxidant activity, phenolics content, and flavonoid content. Type of the cocoa powder was based on the pH, and the fat treatment was based on the defatted and non--defatted method. Defeating cocoa powder was using centrifugation method and petroleum eter as the solvent. Based on the analyzed, the cocoa powders with non-defatted method had no significance difference (a=0.05), but the antioxidant activity are higher than the cocoa powders with detailed method The -Dark- non-defiitted cocoa powder had higher antioxidant activity (±50 ppm) among the other, such as Classic (+40 ppm) and Gold (+44 ppm). Cinnamornum burmanii was the cinnamon species that being used for the research. The cinnamon was analyzed based on the antioxidant activity, phenolics ,.ontent, and flavonoid content. Cinnamon had highest antioxidant activity than the cacao powder (8.80 ppm), and the antioxidant activity comes from the phenolics content (50.48 mg GAElml sample). The formula of the functional drink was determined on the chocolate concentration (100-65%), cinnamon concentration (0- 20%), and sugar concentration (0-15%). The formula that had higher antioxidant activity and being approved by the panelist is 75`A cocoa powder, 15% cinnamon, and 10% sugar 4290 ppm).
Comparison of quantization of charge transport in periodic and open pumps

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We compare the charges transported in two systems, a spatially periodic and an open quantum pump, both depending periodically and adiabatically on time. The charge transported in a cycle was computed by Thouless, respectively by Buttiker et al. in the two cases. We show that the results agree in the limit where the two physical situations become the same, i.e., that of a large open pump.
Application of ISP Technique to the Design of Intelligent Instruments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Instruments applied ISP technique are the major development orientation of instrumental intellectualization.t has a broad applicable prospect.The paper gives a detailed description of ISP technique,its functions and characteristics as well as the classification of ISP instrument,and puts forward the design thinking of expert system instruments,fuzzy control instruments and neural network instruments applied ISP technique.Finally it also supplies an design example of intelligent sensor interface module applied ISP technique.
203 IDENTIFICATION OF A POTENTIAL MULTILINEAGE-DIFFERENTIATING STRESS ENDURING CELL POPULATION IN PORCINE FETAL FIBROBLASTS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Physiologically, humans and pigs are very similar, which makes cell model systems such as porcine-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells an attractive model for studying human diseases. Recently, it has been shown that a finite population of cells, termed multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (MUSE) cells, which are particularly prone for reprogramming, exists in human fibroblasts. Human MUSE cells co-express the cell surface markers, SSEA-3 and CD105; however, it is unknown if a similar subpopulation of cells exists in porcine fibroblasts. Therefore, we examined the expression level of varying cell surface markers, including SSEA-1, SSEA-3, CD105, and Vimentin (positive control), in 9 porcine fetal fibroblast lines from 3 different breed backgrounds (Danish Landrace lines 2, 4, 5; Gottingen minipig lines A1, B2, B3; Yucatan minipig lines 1, 3, 4) by performing chromogen immunocytochemistry. The results revealed that all the 9 cell lines were 100% positive for Vimentin and negative for SSEA-3. However, a small positive population of SSEA-1 cells could be detected in Danish Landrace lines 2, 4, 5 (0.267%, 0.441%, 0.292%, respectively) and in Gottingen minipig lines A1, B2, B3 (0.207%, 0.214%, 0.325%, respectively). Furthermore, CD105 could only be detected in the Yucatan minipig lines (0.170, 0.177, and 0.233%, in lines 1, 3, and 4, respectively). To identify if any of these lines were more receptive to reprogramming, we performed non-integrating vector-based reprogramming. A total of 1 × 105 cells from each cell line was electroporated with 3 episomal plasmids (pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53; pCXLE-hSK; pCXLE-hUL), which were diluted to 1 µg µL–1, and then plated in DMEM-AQ + 10% FBS without antibiotics. The medium was replaced with the addition of penicillin/streptomycin on Day 2, and on Day 7 cells were trypsinized and passaged onto mitomycin C-treated mouse embryonic fibroblasts in iPS culture medium (DMEM-F12 + 20%KSR + NEAA + Pen/strep + 2 µL mL–1 ß-Me + 10 ng mL–1 bFGF). Only a select number of Danish Landrace lines 2 and 4 formed ES-like colonies after 14 days, and few colonies with neural-like morphology emerged in Yucatan minipig line 3, but all these colonies lost their proliferative potential after a few passages. The reprogramming efficiency observed on Day 21 was 0.0787, 0.0170, and 0.0033% for Danish Landrace 2, Danish Landrace 4, and Yucatan 3 lines, respectively. The NANOG immunostaining was also performed at passage 1, and a minor proportion of the colonies in Danish Landrace line 2 was found to contain small populations of cells with nuclear staining for NANOG. Interestingly, Danish Landrace lines 2 and 4, which formed ES-like colonies, also expressed SSEA1, which may suggest that SSEA1 could potentially be a marker of a MUSE cell population. Further studies are ongoing to investigate this hypothesis. This research may further support the elite hypothesis for how reprogramming may occur.