jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DataSheet_1_Transcriptome and TCR Repertoire Measurements of CXCR3+ T Follicular Helper Cells Within HIV-Infected Human Lymph Nodes.docx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Follicular-helper T cells (T<sub>FH</sub>) are an essential arm of the adaptive immune system. Although T<sub>FH</sub> were first discovered through their ability to contribute to antibody affinity maturation through co-stimulatory interactions with B cells, new light has been shed on their ability to remain a complex and functionally plastic cell type. Due to a lack sample availability, however, many studies have been limited to characterizing T<sub>FH</sub> in mice or non-canonical tissue types, such as peripheral blood. Such constraints have resulted in a limited, and sometimes contradictory, understanding of this fundamental cell type. One subset of T<sub>FH</sub> receiving attention in chronic infection are CXCR3-expressing T<sub>FH</sub> cells (CXCR3<sup>+</sup>T<sub>FH</sub>) due to their abnormal accumulation in secondary lymphoid tissues. Their function and clonal relationship with other T<sub>FH</sub> subsets in lymphoid tissues during infection, however, remains largely unclear. We thus systematically investigated this and other subsets of T<sub>FH</sub> within untreated HIV-infected human lymph nodes using Mass CyTOF and a combination of RNA and TCR repertoire sequencing. We show an inflation of the CXCR3<sup>+</sup>T<sub>FH</sub> compartment during HIV infection that correlates with a lower HIV burden. Deeper analysis into this population revealed a functional shift of CXCR3<sup>+</sup>T<sub>FH</sub> away from germinal center T<sub>FH</sub> (GC-T<sub>FH</sub>), including the altered expression of several important transcription factors and cytokines. CXCR3<sup>+</sup>T<sub>FH</sub> also upregulated cell migration transcriptional programs and were clonally related to peripheral T<sub>FH</sub> populations. In combination, these data suggest that CXCR3<sup>+</sup>T<sub>FH</sub> have a greater tendency to enter circulation than their CXCR3<sup>-</sup> counterparts, potentially functioning through distinct modalities that may lead to enhanced defense.</p>
Deep learning model for the brain tumour detection and classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality, after heart disease. The increased demand for automated, dependable, quick, and effective imaging has drawn attention to the subject of medical imaging. Computer-assisted technologies are critical in the diagnosis of brain tumours. These devices make it easier for doctors to identify tumours. Traditional approach errors are minimised. The goal of this study is to use MRI scans to diagnose brain cancer. A deep learning network of CNN models is used in the diagnostic technique. In the first stage, an MRI image of the brain is taken and processed to eliminate noise and change it. The second step in the second stage is to determine the type of malignancy. The conclusions included the algorithm and technique used to handle certain study issues, as well as their pros and drawbacks. The results of this study show that the created image processing algorithm is smart enough to recognise and defining brain tumours in MRI images on its own.
St. Thomas Aquinass Concept Of The Human Soul And The Influence Of Platonism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What has often gone unnoticed or at least not commented on the way in which St. Thomas Aquinas used Platonic insights in order to explain what the soul and how it functions in extraordinary situations before and after death. Such Platonism typically occurs when Aquinas sets out to explain why and how it that the human soul needs to function independently of the senses. The reason for such independence that the mind can see God unhindered by any sensory input when God seen face to face. Aquinas insists in a number of places that the human being is made up of body and soul as two that constitute a third thing which neither one of them, for (the human being) neither soul nor body. This the Aristotelian viewpoint, although Thomas's description of soul and body as things should be noted. Keywords: Aristotle; God; human soul; Platonism; St. Thomas Aquinas
NURTURING OF CHILDREN IN THE MUSLIM SOCIETY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Muslim Society give the top priority to training and education of children. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) who loved the children a lot and looked after them when he offered pray his grandson Hasnain (R.A) was sitting on his shoulder and back. This is the extreme of love for little and considers them as their core of heart. Allah says: “And those who have blessed obligatory for them.” First of all, we should pray for bestowing well, mannered and healthy children. Hazrat Ibrahim offered pray for well-mannered and obedient children. In Holy Quran some dictations for the Holy Prophet (PBUH) “Oh God! Give us the gift of wives and children who many become our apple of eye.” The children need special attention of father. We should that they may enable them to be useful citizen for our society. It is possible by following the path suggested by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Muslim teachings as well.
Design and Flow Field Calculations for Transonic and Supersonic Radial Inflow Turbine Guide Vanes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of radial inflow turbine guide vanes depends very much on the discharge conditions desired, especially if the choking mass flow is reached. Because of the choking mass flow condition and supersonic discharge Mach numbers, an inverse design procedure based on the method of characteristics is presented. Various designs which correspond to different discharge Mach numbers are shown. Viscous and inviscid flow field calculations for varying discharge conditions show the properties of the guide vanes at design and off–design conditions. In a previous paper (Reichert and Simon 1994), an optimized design for transonic discharge conditions has been published. In the present paper, additional results concerning the optimum design are presented. For this optimum design an advantageous adjusting mechanism for a variable geometry guide vane has been developed. The effect of guide vane adjustment on the discharge conditions has been investigated using viscous flow field calculations.
Funding, Collateral and Hedging: uncovering the mechanics and the\n subtleties of funding valuation adjustments

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main result of this paper is a collateralized counterparty valuation\nadjusted pricing equation, which allows to price a deal while taking into\naccount credit and debit valuation adjustments (CVA, DVA) along with margining\nand funding costs, all in a consistent way. Funding risk breaks the bilateral\nnature of the valuation formula. We find that the equation has a recursive\nform, making the introduction of a purely additive funding valuation adjustment\n(FVA) difficult. Yet, we can cast the pricing equation into a set of iterative\nrelationships which can be solved by means of standard least-square Monte Carlo\ntechniques. As a consequence, we find that identifying funding costs and debit\nvaluation adjustments is not tenable in general, contrary to what has been\nsuggested in the literature in simple cases. The assumptions under which\nfunding costs vanish are a very special case of the more general theory. We\ndefine a comprehensive framework that allows us to derive earlier results on\nfunding or counterparty risk as a special case, although our framework is more\nthan the sum of such special cases. We derive the general pricing equation by\nresorting to a risk-neutral approach where the new types of risks are included\nby modifying the payout cash flows. We consider realistic settings and include\nin our models the common market practices suggested by ISDA documentation,\nwithout assuming restrictive constraints on margining procedures and close-out\nnetting rules. In particular, we allow for asymmetric collateral and funding\nrates, and exogenous liquidity policies and hedging strategies.\nRe-hypothecation liquidity risk and close-out amount evaluation issues are also\ncovered. Finally, relevant examples of non-trivial settings illustrate how to\nderive known facts about discounting curves from a robust general framework and\nwithout resorting to ad hoc hypotheses.\n
A Comparison of the Costs of and Quality of Life After Coronary Angioplasty or Coronary Surgery for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial (EAST) is a randomized trial that compares, by intention to treat, the clinical outcome and costs of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease. Methods and Results The primary end point was a composite of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, and a large reversible thallium defect at 3 years. Multiple measures of quality of life also were made. Charges were assessed from the hospital UB-82 bills; professional charges were assessed from the Emory Clinic. Hospital charges were reduced to cost through step-down accounting methods. All costs and charges were deflated to 1987 dollars. Costs were assessed for the initial hospitalization and the cumulative costs of the initial hospitalization and additional revascularization procedures for up to 3 years. There was no difference in mortality or the primary end point. Mean initial hospital charges were $12 654 for the PTCA group and $20 214 for the surgery group ( P <.0001). Professional charges were $4538 for PTCA and $9426 for surgery ( P <.0001). Three-year hospital charges were $19 047 for PTCA and $21 174 for coronary surgery ( P <.0001). Three-year professional charges were $6412 for PTCA and $9861 for surgery ( P <.0001). Three-year total charges were $25 458 for PTCA and $31 033 for surgery ( P <.0001). Total 3-year costs were $23 734 for PTCA and $25 310 for coronary surgery ( P <.0001). There were more hospitalizations for angina and more antianginal medications used in the PTCA group, which would further narrow the differences in cost. Conclusions There was no difference in the primary end point or its components at 3 years. Although the primary procedural costs of coronary surgery are more than for coronary angioplasty, this cost advantage is largely, although probably not completely, lost by 3 years because of more frequent additional procedures and other resource consumption after a first revascularization by PTCA.
Bilayer silicon oxide and silicon nitride thickness OOS elimination

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, RF power is one of the dominant factors affecting the film deposition rate. The efficiency of RF power coupling is decided by the RF circuit, the plasma and the substrate. In this paper, we studied how the substrate electrical conductivity affects the RF power coupling efficiency and PECVD film deposition rate. For high resistivity wafers, wafer backside edge metallization increased its electrical conductivity hence increased the RF power coupling and increased the SiO and SiN film deposition rate. This impact was more on low frequency RF power than on high frequency RF power. In this work, we demonstrated SiO and SiN thickness out of specification on the InGaN LED (light emitting diodes) wafers was eliminated by removing the wafer edge backside metallization.
Primary Beam and Ion Extraction Optics Optimization for An Organic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

abstract This paper discusses optimization of the primary beam and the ion extraction optics of a secondary ion mass spectrometer used primarily for organic compound analysis and the imaging analysis of planar chromatograms. A commercial secondary ion electrostatic energy analyzer and accompanying transport optics were redesigned to enhance the extraction of ions sputtered from the chromatographic surface and to increase the ion signal intensities, especially at higher masses. Modifications to a thermionic ion gun and a saddlefield neutral particle gun produced smaller particle beam diameters with maximum particle flux.
Ocular Toxoplasmosis and Hodgkin's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Isolated ocular toxoplasmosis developed in two patients with Hodgkin's disease. The diagnosis was made by ophthalmoscopy of the fundus, serologic tests, and evolution. This raises the possibility that Toxoplasma infection and the localization of retinochoroiditic lesions on the macula could be the results of the immunosuppression associated with Hodgkin's disease.
Responses of Microplitis croceipes to host and nonhost plants of Heliothis virescens in a wind tunnel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The relative attractiveness of velvet leaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medicus), cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) (host plants) and groundcherry ( Physalis angulata L.) (nonhost plant), and cotton plants with or without nectaries and with or without glands to Microplitis croceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was determined in a wind tunnel. Female parasitoids flew significantly more to glandless than to glanded cotton; response to nectaried and nectariless cotton was similar. Velvet leaf and cotton were favored significantly over groundcherry; parasitoids being equally responsive to both host plant species. Addition of larval frass alone or in combination with host larvae significantly improved the attractivity of the nonhost plant (groundcherry) to the parasitoids. There was no difference in attractiveness of groundcherry terminals with or without host larvae. Parasitoid search time was significantly increased with addition of larval frass. In the presence of cotton, however, kairomone‐treated groundcherry remained unattractive. Résumé Réactions dans un tunnel à vent de Microplitis croceipes ( Hymenoptera braconidae) aux plantes hôtes ou non de Heliothis virescens ( Lepidoptera Noctuidae ) L'influence des nectaires et des glandes du coton, et l'attractivité des feuilles veloutées du coton (plante hôte) et de Physalis angulata sur Microplitis croceipes , ont été déterminées dans des expériences avec tunnel à vent. Les résultats ont montré que les parasitoïdes femelles sont significativement plus attirés par les cotons sans glandes que par les cotons glanduleux, tandis que la présence ou l'absence de nectaires ne modifie pas l'attractivité du coton. Elles réagissent de la même façon aux feuilles veloutées. P. angulata traité avec des crottes de chenilles, présenté seul ou en combinaison avec du coton, attire plus de femelles que des pousses de P. angulata non traitées. L'addition de chenilles hôtes seules n'améliore pas significativement l'attractivité de la plante. P. angulata traité avec des kairomones est demeuré inattractif quand il était proposé en même temps que du coton.
WRIGHTINGTON EXPERIENCE OF HERBERT ULNAR HEAD REPLACEMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Distal radioulnar joint surgery has been dominated by different types of partial or complete ulnar head excision. This remains a reasonable option in rheumatoid surgery. However, in the long run, this can create a number of problems. We have used Herbert modular prosthesis to tackle these very difficult situations. This prosthesis comprises of a press fit stem in three sizes and a ceramic head, also available in three sizes.

In Wrightington hospital upper limb unit 61 patients underwent Herbert ulnar head replacement. Fifty-eight were clinically and radiologically reviewed.

Between December 1998 and December 2002 21 male and 27 female patients were operated. The mean age was 49.8 years with a range of 28–72 years. Twenty two left, eighteen right and two bilateral replacements were performed. The mean follow-up was 20.02 months with a range of 3–60 months.

All patients were reviewed by an independent observer using range of motion, grip strength and satisfaction as outcome.

Primary diagnoses included failed Darrach, Bower, Sauve Kapandji and traumatic ulnar head excision. Forty-five patients were satisfied with the outcome. Pain score showed a mean improvement of 4 with a range of 0–10. The grip strength compared to normal side was decreased in 50% of the patients. The range of motion compared to normal side improved by a mean of 10 degrees (range 3–20) in supination and 13 (range 4–23) in pronation.

Radiological review showed new bone (8) and notch formation (9). Stress shielding of 0–19mm was observed in distal ulna with revision or emergency stem.

Complication occurred in eight patients instability (4), RSD (1), implant failure (1) and two others. Twelve patients required further surgery. No loosening was observed at revision.

Conclusion: This is a suitable revision and primary replacement but no long term following is required.
The Second Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky Conference on 'Biopolymer Interactions', Held at Amsterdam, on 2-6 September 1974.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The report summarizes the second Katzir-Katchalsky Conference on 'Biopolymer Interactions' that took place in Amsterdam at the beginning of September 1974. The meeting was devoted to the assembly of biologically active structures involving proteins and nucleic acids, and the four systems discussed were chromatin, enzymes, viruses and ribosomes.
Association between In-Laws Relationship and Domestic Violence Against Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the impacts of in-laws' relationship with domestic violence against women followed by the quantitative analysis approach, based on a positivist paradigm usually based on a large sample size with statistical interpretation. The study was conducted in three villages of Union Council Darora such as Bar Cham, Koz Kas and Qala (Gandigar), District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The data were collected from 248 women above 25 years of age through questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The research found that domestic violence is often associated with in-law relationships. The resistance of women to their family obligations, lesser amount of dowry, restriction on women's movement and excessive social interaction are associated with domestic violence. Similarly, controlling women's autonomy by their mother-in-law, maintaining family honor, social stigma and more demands of women were the common reasons associated with domestic violence against women. Economic empowerment programs should aim to enhance women’s economic security, independence, and decision-making power. Social Support services, including counselling, legal aid, and shelter, should be strengthened and expanded to reach more survivors of domestic violence.
A Comparative Study Of Matlab Results And Vhdl Analysis Of DWT For Efficient Power Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power Quality is one of the primary concerns of the utilities, since lack of quality in power may cause malfunctions, instability, short lifetime and so on. The efficiency and sustainability of a power system is highly dependent on the maintenance of good quality of power supply. Conventional Methods have been used to analyze the transient effects but found to be high resource consuming under remote applications. In this aspect the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) analysis has gained reputation of being a very effective and efficient analysis tool. VHDL is used to implement DWT architecture for improving the efficiency of estimation and response in the power systems. The evaluations are compared with theoretical results from MATLAB and were observed to be meeting the accuracy of estimation.
Using Percutaneous Screw Fixation in sacroiliac Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pelvic injury (PT) is perhaps the most intricate wounds in injury mind and happen in 3% of skeletal wounds.The point of this imminent investigation was to highlight utilizing percutaneous iliosacral screw obsession strategy in treatment of sacroiliac breaks or separation with exceptional reference to the actual procedure, its advantages, perils, impediments and difficulties.This is a planned report that will incorporate 20 patients of the two sexual orientations having SIJ disengagement fixed with percutaneous screw with a subsequent time of a half year postoperative.All patients have been evaluated radiologically by Plain radiographs X-beam Antero-back, horizontal, gulf and outlet perspectives on the pelvis.In the activity theater we need (C-arm X-beam unit) for imaging perspectives to keep away from blunders during ISS obsession of the crack.All patients were surveyed by Majeed scoring framework toward the finish of the subsequent period The general outcomes were considered as palatable in 16 (80%) patients; 8 (40%) were superb and 8 (40%) were acceptable and just 4 (20%) patients were unacceptable; 3 (15%) were reasonable and one (5%) was poor.Iliosacral screw obsession is an exquisite choice for balancing out the back sore which is basic wellspring of lingering pain.The component of injury doesn't appear to influence the clinical result of the patients engaged with this examination.
Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.
Standardization of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Analysis of Chincha Kshara

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acharya Susrutha has narrated Kshara as one of the Upayantras, Anusastras, Agropaharaniya and one of the Upakrama of Vrana. Kshara is considered superior to all surgical and para surgical measures. Kṣharas are more effective than other methods of treatment, because they can be used externally as Pratisaraniya Kshara and internally as Paneeya Kshara. Because of varied applications standardization of the compound formulation is the need of the present era to set standards for maintaining the quality of the products. In the present study work is done on the pharmaceutical and analytical study of Chincha Kshara conducted in the department of Shalya Tantra under the post graduate programme is being presented. Here an attempt has been made to study Chincha Kshara Analytically and to develop fingerprints by organoleptic tests, physico-chemical parameters and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).