jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Tristetraprolin by MK2 Impairs AU-Rich Element mRNA Decay by Preventing Deadenylase Recruitment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

mRNA turnover is a critical step in the control of gene expression. In mammalian cells, a subset of mRNAs regulated at the level of mRNA turnover contain destabilizing AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' untranslated regions. These transcripts are bound by a suite of ARE-binding proteins (AUBPs) that receive information from cell signaling events to modulate rates of ARE mRNA decay. Here we show that a key destabilizing AUBP, tristetraprolin (TTP), is repressed by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated kinase MK2 due to the inability of phospho-TTP to recruit deadenylases to target mRNAs. TTP is tightly associated with cytoplasmic deadenylases and promotes rapid deadenylation of target mRNAs both in vitro and in cells. TTP can direct the deadenylation of substrate mRNAs when tethered to a heterologous mRNA, yet its ability to do so is inhibited upon phosphorylation by MK2. Phospho-TTP is not impaired in mRNA binding but does fail to recruit the major cytoplasmic deadenylases. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 primarily affects mRNA decay downstream of RNA binding by preventing recruitment of the deadenylation machinery. Thus, TTP may remain poised to rapidly reactivate deadenylation of bound transcripts to downregulate gene expression once the p38 MAPK pathway is deactivated.
Aid can work.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This approach is a bit like setting up a straw man only to knock it down. The aid industry unquestionably provides ample fodder for critics: many cases exist of aid funding poorly conceived badly executed unsustainable projects (for example cement factories built far from sources of gypsum and sand). And some badly managed countries have indeed received millions especially during the Cold War when aid was extended for geopolitical objectives. At times aid agencies followed fads that later proved misguided (recall the popular integrated rural development projects of the 1970s). This does not prove that all aid has been or is ineffective. It is entirely unsurprising that many economists have found the relationship between aggregate aid and growth to be weak. Evidence suggests a high level of heterogeneity in the effects of aid which comes on top of the typical statistical problems that arise in cross-country analysis. Multiple markers for development success--income growth poverty reduction literacy access to sanitation and inoculations--further complicate empirical analysis. Case studies do not solve this problem because of the difficulty of establishing a counterfactual: some argue that aid has not prevented growing numbers of poor in Africa; others argue that the situation would be far worse without aid. Although these findings may make aid seem indefensible much of the criticism is misguided. This isnt to say the impact of aid is easily known or that we can fine-tune aid to improve results. Even though it will be difficult for some time to come up with adequate evidence there are strong grounds for believing that aid fosters development. (excerpt)
Afghanistan talks. Experiential isomorphism in the military

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and analyze the operational styles of the American and Netherlands armed forces displayed in the ISAF operations in Southern Afghanistan. The aim is to ascertain if and how these differences converge as a consequence of common experiences in the area of operations. The methodology is based on written published information, as well as newspaper, and internet sources. The findings demonstrate that although there are considerable differences in operations styles between both national militaries, common experiences urge them to learn from each other, and hence to develop some sort of isomorphism in their operations. This tendency is not unique to the military. Isomorphism is a well-known phenomenon in the sociology of organizations and it relates to the idea of supranational convergence of policies, which is an important topic of study in political science. The limitations of this chapter pertain to the fact that only two national armed forces have been studied and that there is only little primary material to rely on. The practical implications are numerous. It stresses the tendency and need for national militaries, who are engaged in multinational military cooperation, to learn from each other while trying to reach for the maximum results of their endeavors. The point of isomorphism in national militaries developing as a result of common experiences has never been described before, certainly not in terms of well established concepts of the sociology of organizations and political science.
Reduction of Environmental Magnetic Field Noise for Detection of Small Magnetic Contaminants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract When performing high-sensitivity magnetic measurements via a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor such as a SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) magnetometer, it is necessary to shield from environmental magnetic noise by employing a magnetic shield box. In general, however, the low frequency of such noise decreases the shielding performance of the magnetic shield box. Hence, the magnetic metallic contaminant signal and the low-frequency ambient magnetic field noise overlap, which makes filtering a challenging task. Therefore, we studied a system that suppresses gradient magnetic noise such as low-frequency environmental noise superimposed on a contaminant signal and commercial power supply noise localized spatially.
Asymptotic analysis of retrial queueing systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers retrial queueing (RQ) systems with Poisson (elementary) andMarkovmodulated Poisson processes. The study is performed by the method of asymptotic cumulants using the theory of vector characteristic functions and the matrix form of equations, which makes it possible to obtain asymptotic results for the whole class of models. The analysis of a single-line RQ system performed revealed the range of applicability of asymptotic results for prelimit situations.
Assessing the effect of Gabapentin on improving quality of life and sleep disruption in postmenopausal women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: About 40% of postmenopausal women experience sleep disruption which can affect their quality of life. Various medications were used for managing the sleep disruption. There are some studies on the effectiveness of gabapentin in the management of post menopausal vasomotor symptoms and sleep disruption. The aim of present study was to assess the effect of gabapentin on improving quality of life and sleep of post menopausal women . Materials and Methods: In this double blind clinical trial, 90 post menopausal women with sleep disruption were selected and randomly divided into two groups for 12 weeks; intervention (300 mg gabapentin, twice daily) and control groups. SF36 questionnaire of quality of life and PSQI questionnaire of sleep quality were surveyed and compared before and after the intervention in patients. Results: The mean age of participants were 52.7 ± 3.14 and 53.4±3.68 years in intervention and placebo groups respectively. There was no significant difference in demographic information and the mean score of SF36 and PSQI questionnaires between groups before the intervention (p>0.05). Significant improvement was seen in score of SF36 and PSQI in gabapentin group after the intervention and in comparison with placebo group (p=0.0001) Conclusion: According to the results of present study, it seems that gabapentin 300mg/twice daily for 12 weeks can improve quality of life and sleep of post menopausal women.
Methodology for Assessing the Quality of the Economic Space of the Region

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for theoretical and methodological justification and practical study of the problem of measuring the quality of the economic space of Russian regions and its influence on the development of the regional economy. The absence of this type of research increases the significance of this work. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological issues for measuring the quality of the regional economic space and substantiate the methodology for its integral assessment. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was Russian regions and their socio-economic state. The authorsʼ methodology is based on system analysis, econometric modeling using indices calculated on panel data for regions, as well as the method of expert surveys. To obtain quantitative estimates of the economic space based on Rosstat data, an information base was created for 85 regions of the Russian Federation, covering the period from 2007 to 2021. A typology of Russian regions has been carried out according to the level of the integral indicator of the quality of the economic space. Results. An original methodological approach is proposed, based on a systemic assessment of the total influence of a set of factors on the quality of the regional economic space. Within the framework of this approach, a methodology for measuring the quality of the economic space of a region has been developed and tested. Regions were grouped according to the level of the economic space; based on econometric modeling and empirical data, the influence of the economic space on the gross regional product per capita of Russian territories was established. Discussion and Conclusion. It is proposed to carry out a relative assessment of the quality of the economic space using a system of indicators grouped into three blocks: “input”, “process”, “output”. Such a structure of indicators is capable of systematically reflecting the strengths and weaknesses of a particular region, the sources of regional spatial dynamics, and therefore can be used for an integral assessment of the level of development of territories. The results of the study can be used in the development and implementation of regional economic policy, and will also be useful to specialists and government officials involved in the development of strategic directions for improving the territorial structure of the Russian Federation.
Multi-centric validation of an in-house-developed beacon-based PCR diagnostic assay kit for Chlamydia and Neisseria and portable fluorescence detector

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our kit was found to be as sensitive and specific as commercially available kits. Its low cost and ease of use will make it suitable for the routine diagnosis of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in the resource-limited settings of developing countries.
A Daoist Critique of Effort in Pierre Hadot's Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper offers a critique of Pierre Hadot's idea of philosophy as a way of life with reference to ancient China, particularly the Zhuangzi . The prevailing scholarly emphasis in philosophy as a way of life falls too heavily on individual will and effortful exertion—thus Hadot's description of what he calls “spiritual exercises .” I argue for counterbalancing the focus on effortful self‐cultivation with attention to the role of passivity, receptiveness, and chance in the good life—collectively termed “grace.” After a discussion of the overemphasis on effort in self‐cultivation, I turn to the Zhuangzi as an illustrative source of the importance of grace.
Liszt and the French literary avant-garde of the 1830s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In France the 1820s and 1830s brought about enormous changes in the perception of literature \nand art as a whole. Young poets, encouraged by the success and novelty of Méditations poétiques \nby Alphonse de Lamartine, started seeking new possibilities of expression and ways of breaking with \nthe several-centuries-old tradition. They met with a strong protest from conservative milieu, especially \nthose linked to Académie française, and this made them fi ght for a new paradigm in literature. They \neagerly experimented with language as sound (Lamartine, Sainte-Beuve) and graphic (Nodier) matter. \nThey published their texts in the press (Le Globe) and presented them during meetings in artistic \nsalons, which functioned as a kind of laboratory. Thanks to the support of Charles Nodier they could \npublish their poems in the best publishing houses, which largely contributed to their success. The fi nal \nvictory of the romantics was the premiere of Hernani by Victor Hugo in February 1830. \nFranz Liszt, who came to Paris in 1823, was an active participant in the artistic and intellectual life \nthere. Moreover, he was also a friend of many prominent artists of the epoch, which can be seen in \nhis letters, writings, and piano music from the early 1830s. A particular example of the relationship \nbetween the composer’s music and literary avant-garde is the piece Harmonies poétiques et religieuses \nof 1835. We fi nd there the domination of the sound element, formal freedom, the intertwining of poetical \ntechniques, experiments with structure, and a strong stress on the word aspect of the oeuvre, for \nexample through very precise notation of tempo markings.
Performance analysis and optimization of parallel scientific applications on CMP cluster systems. Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience, 10(1):188–195, 2009. submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne Nationa

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Chip multiprocessors (CMP) are widely used for high performance computing. Further, these CMPs are being configured in a hierarchical manner to compose a node in a cluster system. A major challenge to be addressed is efficient use of such cluster systems for large-scale scientific applications. In this paper, we quantify the performance gap resulting from using different number of processors per node; this information is used to provide a baseline for the amount of optimization needed when using all processors per node on CMP clusters. We conduct detailed performance analysis to identify how applications can be modified to efficiently utilize all processors per node using three scientific applications: a 3D particle-in-cell, magnetic fusion application Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code (GTC), a Lattice Boltzmann Method for simulating fluid dynamics (LBM), and an advanced Eulerian gyrokinetic-Maxwell equation solver for simulating microturbulent transport in plasma (GYRO). In terms of refinements, we use conventional techniques such as loop blocking, loop unrolling and loop fusion, and develop hybrid methods for optimizing MPI Allreduce and MPI Reduce. Using these optimizations, the application performance for utilizing all processors per node was improved by up to 18.97 % for GTC, 15.77 % for LBM and 12.29 % for GYRO on up to 2048 total processors on the CMP clusters. Key words. Performance Analysis, Performance Optimization, Chip Multiprocessors (CMP),
OPEN ACCESS SN Clique Approach for Networks: Applications for Coauthorship Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Copyright © 2014 Marcos Grilo Rosa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Li-cense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accordance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intel-lectual property Marcos Grilo Rosa et al. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian. Coauthorship networks consist of links among groups of mutually connected authors that form a clique. Classic-al approaches using Social Network Analysis indices do not account for this characteristic. We propose two new cohesion indices based on a clique approach, and we redefine the network density using an index of variance of density. We have applied these indices to two coauthorship networks, one comprising researchers that published in Mathematics Education journals and the other comprising researchers from a Computational Modeling Graduate Program. A contextualized and comparative analysis was performed to show the applicability and po-tential of the indices for analyzing social networks data.
Which trade integration scheme can best help SSA develop and export more processed agricultural goods?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Trade integration of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries agriculture is pointed out as a powerful driver of agricultural growth, especially if it increases processing of agricultural products. But there is no consensus on which negotiations for increased trade integration to put first. Static effects of regional and multilateral tariff reduction shocks are simulated with the MIRAGE CGE model in order to compare them and test their coherence with the objective of enhanced value-added in agriculture. A new method is tested to treat existing data issues in the GTAP7 database that usually lead to overestimations of gains from some trade integration. Those new results reveals that even if at the world level a combination of DFQF and DDA brings the highest GDP and real income growth, for SSA an ambitious regional integration delivers as much as multilateral integration. Multilateral and regional integration differ on the pattern of agricultural growth they bring: multilateral liberalization, especially DFQF, would drive SSA countries further away from agricultural led industrialization. The increased competition leads to a reorientation of the structure of production and exports of SSA towards raw agricultural products. On the contrary, regional integration fosters the production and trade of processed agricultural products, and thus might be more in line with the stakes of economic development. Nevertheless, from a political economy perspective, identity of the gainers and losers should be considered as regional integration leads to consequent tariff revenue losses for many SSA countries. Compensation of those revenue losses could help further negotiate regional integration.
Design and Stability Analysis of a High-Order Mode-Staggered Double Vane Traveling Wave Tube With Two Pencil Beams at G-Band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, design of a high-order-mode (TE 20 -mode) staggered double vane (SDV) traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) with two pencil electron beams is presented. Since, the dimensions are larger when compared to fundamental mode TWTAs, the high-power capacity can be achieved. Meanwhile, several ways to suppress the fundamental mode competition and improve the stability of our high-order-mode TWTA are studied thoroughly, such as limiting the gain of each stage and using metal or wave-absorbing material columns. A three-stage TE 20 -mode SDV TWTA with aluminum nitride column at the center of vanes is simulated to get an over 145-W peak power with a corresponding gain of 32.5 dB. The frequency spectrum is pure at 220 GHz and the output signal is a stable TE 20 -mode signal. The bandwidth reaches about 38 GHz. The results show that high-order-mode operation can develop the high-power capacity vacuum electron devices at terahertz band.
The Establishment and Organization of a Training Aids Centre

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In 1978 there was some anxiety in the Royal Engineers over the efficiency of their Territorial Army (TA) training and some of the training given in their Regular Army units. Two studies were made of the TA training; both recommended that greater use be made of self‐instructional techniques and that better training aids be provided. As a result of these recommendations, the Royal Engineers Training Development Team (RETDT) were given the task of setting up a training aids centre to provide up‐to‐date, professionally produced, training packages for the use of both TA and Regular units. This article deals with the problems encountered by the RETDT in carrying out this task and makes some suggestions regarding possible staffing and the equipment, facilities, premises and administrative system needed to run such a centre successfully.
Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical Method for Estimating Ellagic Acid in Wistar Rat Plasma by RP-HPLC Using a Gradient Elution Technique

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenolic compound recognized for bioactive and pharmacologic properties that is found abundantly in various plant groups, particularly eudicotyledons. In the current study a novel, reliable, and cost-effective bioanalytical method was developed for quantifying EA in Wistar rat plasma using RP-HPLC. Methods: Zorbax SB C18 (5μ, 4.6150 mm) and Ascentis C18 (5μ, 1004.6 mm) columns were used in the stationary phase, while the mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1 % formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (ACN) with 0.08% formic acid (B). Results: Optimized parameters were as follows: temperature, 30°C; flow rate, 1.0 ml/min; and PDA detectors, 254 nm. The method exhibited high linearity (r2 = 0.9993) between 5 and 300 μg/ml. Precision, both intra- and inter-day, was within acceptable limits (relative standard deviation <2%), and the mean recovery was 99.73%. The LOD and LOQ were 1.564 ± 0.026 μg/ml and 5.015 ± 0.025 μg/ml, respectively. Stability tests, including short- and long-term evaluations, demonstrated stability under various conditions. Conclusion: The developed method met the necessary criteria and holds promise for application in clinical laboratories for assessing EA levels, either alone or with analytes.
[Dispersion injection needle for insulin administration].

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new dispersion syringe needle is proposed to administrate insulin to diabetics. It features side location of injection holes 4-8 of which are arranged along the needle body. The needle so designed provides greater absorption area, thus increasing absorption rate and reducing insulin decay in the subcutaneous layer. With the needle, more effective insulin action to compensate glucose content is achieved as compared to the conventional design.