jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peer Review #3 of "The association between prior physical fitness and depression in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic—a cross-sectional, retrospective study (v0.2)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a spike in deleterious mental health.This dual-center retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of depression in young adults during this pandemic and explored its association with various physical fitness measures.Methods: This study enrolled 12,889 (80% female) young adults (mean age 20 ± 1) who performed a National Student Physical Fitness battery from December 1 st , 2019, to January 20 th , 2020, and completed a questionnaire including Beck's Depression Inventory in May 2020.Independent associations between prior physical fitness and depression during the pandemic were assessed using multivariable linear and binary logistic regressions accordingly, covariates including age, dwelling location, economic level, smoking, alcohol, living status, weight change, and exercise volume during the pandemic.Sex-and baseline stress-stratified analyses were performed.Results: Of the study population 13.9% of men and 15.0% of women sampled qualified for a diagnosis of depression.After multivariable adjustment, anaerobic (mean change [95% CI], -3.3 [-4.8 to 1.8]) aerobic (-1.5 [-2.64 to -0.5]), explosive (-1.64 [-2.7 to -0.6]) and muscular (-1.7 [-3.0 to -0.5]) fitness were independently and inversely associated with depression for the overall population.These remained consistent after sex-and baseline stress-stratification.In binary logistic regression, the combined participants with moderate, high or excellent fitness also showed a much lower risk compared to those least fit in anaerobic (odd ratio (OR) [95% CI], 0.68 [0.55 to 0.82]), aerobic (0.80 [0.68 to 0.91]), explosive (0.72 [0.61 to 0.82]), and muscular (0.66 [0.57 to 0.75]) fitness.Conclusions: These findings suggest that prior physical fitness may be inversely associated with depression in young adults
Deep Active Alignment of Knowledge Graph Entities and Schemata

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge graphs (KGs) store rich facts about the real world. In this paper, we study KG alignment, which aims to find alignment between not only entities but also relations and classes in different KGs. Alignment at the entity level can cross-fertilize alignment at the schema level. We propose a new KG alignment approach, called DAAKG, based on deep learning and active learning. With deep learning, it learns the embeddings of entities, relations and classes, and jointly aligns them in a semi-supervised manner. With active learning, it estimates how likely an entity, relation or class pair can be inferred, and selects the best batch for human labeling. We design two approximation algorithms for efficient solution to batch selection. Our experiments on benchmark datasets show the superior accuracy and generalization of DAAKG and validate the effectiveness of all its modules.
Effect of Particle Pre-Treatment on Properties of Jatropha Fruit Hulls Particleboard

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and 0.70 g/cm3, respectively. Board pressed at 130°C for 10 minutes, and 25 kg/cm2 pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value (45.30 μg/termite/day) was attained by hot water treatment.
II. The photochemistry of proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The examination of monolayers has been found to afford a quantitative method of investigation of the photochemical behaviour of many organic compounds of high molecular weight and appears to be especially suitable for macromolecular substances of physiological interest such as the proteins (Rideal 1932; Mitchell 1936 a , 1937 a ; Rideal and Mitchell 1937). The photochemical reactions occuring in the compounds spread in monolayers light, are observed by measurement of the changes in phase boundary potential and surface pressure; the light intensity is measured by chemical reference to proteins and related similar compounds, and, as a preliminary investing, the photochemical properties of the keto-imino linkage have been examined. The present work on the photochemistry of monolayers of typical proteins was undertaken from the point of view of radiation therapy, with the object of providing elementary data for interpretation of the biological actions of radiation. The investigation is quantitative and is accordingly limited to proteins for which the amino acid analyses are sufficiently complete, namely, wheat gliadin, zein, insulin and ovalbumin. The application of the analytic data to the interpration of the results of the photochemical experiments demands a detailed knowledge of the physical processes of light absorption in monolayers and of the photochemical significance of the absorption regard to the molecular configuration of the monolayers are necessary. The results of photochemical experiments on protein in bulk solution are required in the discussion of the chemical interpretation of the physical measurements on the monolayers.
Microfluidics as a Novel Technique for Tuberculosis: From Di-agnostics to Drug Discovery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global healthcare crisis with an estimated 10 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths per year TB is caused by infection with the major human pathogen Mycobacte-rium tuberculosis, which is difficult to rapidly diagnose and treat. There is an urgent need for new methods of diagnosis, sufficient in vitro models which capably mimic all physiological condi-tions of the infection, and high-throughput drug screening platforms. Microfluidic-based tech-niques provide single-cell analysis which reduces experimental time, the cost of reagents, and have been extremely useful for gaining insight into monitoring microorganisms. This review out-lines the field of microfluidics and discusses the use of this novel technique so far in M. tuberculo-sis diagnostics, research methods, and drug discovery platforms. The practices of microfluidics have promising future applications for diagnosing and treating TB.
An initial note on proposed MSL measurements in the tropical Westpac Region 1983–1986

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rationale behind the current WESTPAC 1983–1986 oceanographic proposal is briefly summarised. Its importance to many sections of the scientific community is emphasised. The tide-gauge part of the work, and its instrumentation, is of direct potential relevance in the fields of geodesy, surveying and hydrography, as well as Australian meteorology.
The History of Film Adaptation in Malaysia: The Long Journey of Its Rise and Fall

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Morris Beja in his book Film and Literature: An Introduction , said that since the Academy Awards was introduced in 1927 – 1928, about three quarters of the award for best film was won by film adaptations. This is proof that film adaptation is a form of art that has gained the attention of the world community and was a well- known form of narrative in the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe. This paper takes the initiative to trace the history of film adaptations in general by focusing on such films in Malaysia. Findings of the study reveal that the history of film adaptation in Malaysia started in 1933 during the filming enterprise of Cathay Film and Malay Film in Singapore up to the setting up of Merdeka Studio in Kuala Lumpur in the 1970s and beyond. The film industry in Malaysia faced many problems including the influx of imported films from Indonesia and the commercialization factor that did not guarantee profits. However, around 2006, concerted efforts were reinforced to adapt literary works into films, through workshops and competitions organized by Malaysian government bodies such as Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), National Film Development Corporation (FINAS) and Radio and Television Malaysia (RTM). Keywords: film adaptation, history, Cathay Keris, Malay Film, Merdeka Studio Abstrak Morris Beja dalam bukunya Film and Literature: An Introduction , mengatakan bahawa sejak Anugerah Akademi diperkenalkan pada tahun 1927 – 1928, lebih kurang tiga per empat anugerah untuk filem terbaik telah dimenangi oleh filem adaptasi. Keadaan ini merupakan bukti bahawa filem adaptasi adalah satu bentuk seni yang telah lama mendapat perhatian masyarakat dunia dan menjadi corak naratif yang terkenal pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20 di Eropah. Makalah ini mengambil inisiatif untuk menelusuri sejarah filem adaptasi secara umum dengan memberi tumpuan kepada filem adaptasi di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian mendapati sejarah filem adaptasi di Malaysia melalui liku-liku perjalanan yang panjang bermula pada tahun 1933 sewaktu zaman perusahaan Cathay Film dan Malay Film di Singapura hingga ke Merdeka Studio di Kuala Lumpur sekitar tahun 1970- an dan seterusnya. Industri filem di Malaysia berdepan dengan pelbagai masalah termasuk lambakan filem import dari Indonesia dan faktor komersialisme yang tidak menjamin keuntungan. Walau bagaimanapun sekitar tahun 2006 usaha mengadaptasi karya sastera ke filem terus diperkasakan melalui bengkel dan pertandingan anjuran badan kerajaan di Malaysia seperti Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional Malaysia (FINAS) dan Radio dan Televisyen Malaysia (RTM). Kata kunci: filem adaptasi, sejarah, Cathay Keris, Malay Film, Merdeka Studio
Transmuting Sericon: Alchemy as “Practical Exegesis” in Early Modern England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An influential strand of English alchemy was the pursuit of the "vegetable stone," a medicinal elixir popularized by George Ripley (d. ca. 1490), made from a metallic substance, "sericon." Yet the identity of sericon was not fixed, undergoing radical reinterpretation between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries as Ripley's lead-based practice was eclipsed by new methods, notably the antimonial approach of George Starkey (1628-65). Tracing "sericonian" alchemy over 250 years, I show how alchemists fed their practical findings back into textual accounts, creating a "feedback loop" in which the authority of past adepts was maintained by exegetical manipulations--a process that I term "practical exegesis."
FLAXSEED OIL INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN THE AGGRESSIVE MURINE MELANOMA CELL LINE B16-BL6

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Flaxseed is classified as a functional food and is renowned for its exceptional \nnutrional value. These foods have the ability to either promote overall well-being and/or reduce the risk of certain diseases. Flaxseed, in the form of seed-derived oil,is the highest plant source of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid. This nutraceutical has been credited with providing protective benefits against breast, colon and prostate \ncancers. Humans are unable to synthesize omega-3 fatty acids within the body and \ntherefore must obtain sufficient amounts of this antioxidant through diet alone. \nCurrently, the Western diet is grossly deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and this is \nin part due to the overwhelming presence of omega-6 fatty acids used in food processing \nand manufacturing techniques. As one of the highest sources of omega-3 fatty acids, \nflaxseed is often taken as a supplement to help balance the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 \nfatty acids in Western cultures. Although flaxseed has been beneficial in alleviating \ncertain symptoms in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, \nthe underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous animal studies have shown that a \ndiet supplemented with 10% flaxseed, significantly decreased tumour growth in rodent cancer models. Our studies include the treatment of malignant cells with flaxseed oil in an in vitro model. We have shown that flaxseed oil has the ability to reduce cell growth in B16-BL6 cells, an aggressive murine melanoma. Furthermore, a total of seven different oils containing high concentrations of omega fatty acids, including flaxseed oil, \nolive, sunflower, canola, sesame, peanut and grapeseed, were characterized by HPLC and \nGC/MS analysis for fatty acid profiles, and these oils were also used to treat B16-BL6 \ncells. Although all seven oils contain various amounts of omega-3, -6 or -9 fatty acids, only treatment with flaxseed oil decreased the growth of the aggressive murine melanoma cell line B16-BL6. DNA laddering, acridine-orange staining, TUNEL staining, and FACS analysis using Annexin V and propidium iodide, showed that the flaxseed-treated cells were undergoing apoptosis, a type of cell suicide. Therefore, due to its ability to \nselectively inhibit malignant cell proliferation, flaxseed oil has significant potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic.
Early intrauterine pregnancy on CT and MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The appearance of early pregnancy on ultrasound is well known, but the CT and MRI findings are less well described. In the first trimester, pregnancy results in an endometrial cyst-like structure (the gestational sac) of variable size at CT or MRI (Figures 80.1–80.6) [1,2]. Fetal parts are usually not visible until the late first trimester. The developing placenta may be seen as a peripheral curvilinear enhancing structure. Later in gestation, the diagnosis of pregnancy is straightforward as the fetus becomes obviously visible. The gestational sac of early pregnancy may be small and inconspicuous at CT and MRI, but the co-existence of an ovarian corpus luteum cyst can be an important clue to the diagnosis of pregnancy (Figures 80.1 and 80.3–80.5). Remember the corpus luteum (which normally regresses in the second half of the menstrual cycle) persists as a critical source of progesterone in early pregnancy. A corpus luteum can nearly always be identified between five and eight weeks' gestation, but after that the corpus luteum shrinks (as the placenta becomes the source of progesterone in later pregnancy) and may not be visible at imaging [3–5].
The "sweet" side of the Overlap Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Overlap Syndrome (OS) is a chronic respiratory disease defined by coexistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). An increasing number of studies have established the presence of a link between chronic respiratory diseases and metabolic ones. No studies have been conducted to define the prevalence of diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) in patients (pts) with OS. Aims: First, to define prevalence of DM2 in pts with OS. Second, to identify predictive parameters of DM2 in OS. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 93 pts with diagnosis of OS. DM2 was identified by anamnesis and by screening with glycosylated haemoglobin or fasting blood sugar measurement according to ADA guidelines. For the second objective, we analyzed anamnestic, anthropometric, haemogasanalytic, spirometric, nocturnal cardio-respiratory and haematochemical variables. Patients with incomplete records were excluded. Statistical significance: p<0.05. Results: 83 pts were included in the analysis. Prevalence of DM2: Prevalence was 42% (35 cases), with 10 new diagnosis made by screening. Among the latter, 4 pts had ischemic heart disease and 2 pts had atrial fibrillation. Predictive Parameters: Difference was found only for FVC, creatinine and belonging to group D, as showed in Table 1. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM2 is high in OS. Screening allows the recognition of new cases of DM2, whose therapy is decisive for cardiovascular prevention. Patients with DM2 have worse lung fuction and belong mainly to group D.
Phosphine-catalysed α-umpolung addition of nucleophiles to δ-acetoxy allenoates: stereoselective synthesis of 2,4-dienoates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first example of phosphine-catalyzed α-umpolung addition of nucleophiles to allenoates is described, which features the use of δ-acetoxy allenoate to generate a 3-phosphonium-2,4-dienoate intermediate, thus facilitating the α-umpolung addition of nucleophiles.
Total switching of unpolarized light with an electrooptic liquid-crystal device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a new family of multimode fiber-optic switching devices based on nematic liquid crystal devices reported by us previously. These devices have a wedged structure as the main characteristic. Several modes of behavior cart arise depending on the internal configuration of the molecules.
As we show, fhey have the possibility of total switching of unpolarized light with a very simple structure, low insertion losses, and very low operating voltages These new devices should find a wide range of applications in fiber-optic communication systems.
Breast-Conserving Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: The Van Nuys Experience with Excision Plus Radiation Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has increased significantly in the last 15 years paralleling increases in the use of screening mammography. During that time, breast-conserving therapy for DCIS has become an established treatment option for patients with DCIS. 185 patients with pure DCIS treated with excision and radiation therapy were studied. The risk of local recurrence increased as nuclear grade or the diameter of the primary tumor increased. It decreased as margin width increased. Tumors containing predominantly comedo histology had an increased local recurrence rate when compared with noncomedo lesions. There was no difference in local recurrence rates for patients treated 4 or 5 days per week. The median time to local recurrence was 53 months. At 12 years, the actuarial local recurrence rate was 24% for all patients. The breast-cancer specific mortality over the same 12 year period was 3%. The increasing incidence of DCIS necessitates that current treatment options undergo continuous re-evaluation. Although it is likely that selected subsets of low-risk patients can be adequately treated with excision and observation, it is equally likely that patients at high risk for local recurrence will require radiation therapy as part of their management if breast preservation is chosen. Our data suggests that histologic factors such as large tumor size, narrow margin width, high nuclear grade, and comedo architecture may aid in selecting which patients require the addition of radiation therapy to their treatment regimen and which patients do not if breast preservation is chosen.
A 26 Year Old Pregnant Woman With Growing Wrist Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HISTORY: A 26 year old G1P1001 right-hand dominant woman presents 4 weeks after delivery for insidious onset right ulnar-sided wrist pain. Pain was initially present 6 months prior to visit during pregnancy. Her symptoms were initially intermittent but eventually progressed to constant pain. Pain is localized to the distal ulna without radiation. Patient endorses swelling. Patient has no previous history of wrist and hand pain or injury. Patient denies any mechanism of injury or trauma. Patient denies numbness and tingling. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Vital signs: 133/77, HR79, T 97.5degF, 1.68m, 75.3kg, BMI 26.62 Inspection: Right wrist swollen medially Palpation: Tender over volar aspect of distal ulna Range of motion: Full AROM of wrist flexion, extension, supination, pronation, ulnar deviation, radial deviation. Pain with resisted flexion, end-range supination and pronation, and with ulnar deviation. Strength testing: Strength 5/5 of wrist flexors, extensors, supination, pronation. Special testing: Sensation preserved over C5-T1 dermatomes. Negative Tinel’s. Negative Phalen’s. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. ECU Tendonitis 2. TFCC Tear 3. DRUJ Instability 4. Ulnocarpal arthritis or abutment syndrome 5. Giant cell tumor 6. Chondrosarcoma 7. Bone cyst TEST AND RESULTS: Right wrist X-ray: Expansile lucent septated bony lesion in the distal ulna. The findings may reflect an aneurysmal bone cyst. Right wrist MRI: Expansile, enhancing, solid lesion within the distal ulna extending to the subarticular bone surface, with appearance most suggestive of giant cell tumor. Less likely considerations include chondroid lesions such as chondromyxoid fibroma or a clear cell/low-grade chondrosarcoma. Consider bone biopsy or surveillance follow-up imaging. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Distal right ulna giant cell tumor TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. Patient was referred to orthopedic oncology. 2. Patient underwent biopsy with curettage and allograft of distal right ulna. 3. Frozen specimens during procedure confirmed giant cell tumor. 4. Patient has followed up with orthopedic oncology with good improvement in pain and return of function.
Linear Program-Based Policies for Restless Bandits: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for (Exponentially Fast) Asymptotic Optimality

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We provide a framework to analyze control policies for the restless Markovian bandit model under both finite and infinite time horizons. We show that when the population of arms goes to infinity, the value of the optimal control policy converges to the solution of a linear program (LP). We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a generic control policy to be (i) asymptotically optimal, (ii) asymptotically optimal with square root convergence rate, and (iii) asymptotically optimal with exponential rate. We then construct the LP-index policy that is asymptotically optimal with square root convergence rate on all models and with exponential rate if the model is nondegenerate in finite horizon and satisfies a uniform global attractor property in infinite horizon. We next define the LP-update policy, which is essentially a repeated LP-index policy that solves a new LP at each decision epoch. We conclude by providing numerical experiments to compare the efficiency of different LP-based policies. Funding: This work was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-19-CE23-0015].