jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is it Possible to Achieve Cultural Tolerance and Homogeneity through Education? Some Positive and Negative Aspects of Intercultural Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

paper aims to clarify the possible influences of intercultural education in different communities through school programmes and curricula. definitions of intercultural education, its positive and negative sides and effects, as well as some possibilities for its implementation in educational institutions are discussed. first part considers the common definitions of terms such as interculturalism, multiculturalism, education and intercultural education. Due to a common mistake of confusing the concepts of interculturalism and multiculturalism, the differences between the two concepts are also stressed. Further on, the authors consider the role of the Council for Cultural Co-operation (CDCC) of the Council of Europe in defining and proposing modes of implementation of intercultural education in different communities. next part discusses the positive aspects of intercultural education. This especially considers the question how can education help in the task of developing cohesive civil societies by turning notions of singular identities into those of multiple ones, and by developing a shared and common value system and public culture. Intercultural education is often assumed as the leader to more tolerance towards other cultures. Schools and educational systems have an important role in creating the stability in socially diverse communities (Gundara). third part consists of possible negative aspects of intercultural education and their interpretation. following main dilemma is discussed: whether intercultural education is primarily a form of moral instructions, a body of techniques and skills, an administrative stratagem, an ethical base for curriculum building or a tactic designed to enhance the emotional and intellectual growth of the child (Hager). This dilemma fully describes the confusion about intercultural education, as well as the fact that there is a need for more systematic research of this field. In the final part some possible mechanisms of implementation of intercultural educations in school systems prescribed from CDCC, which are applicable to various communities in USA and Europe, are discussed. Finally, some examples of implementation of intercultural educations in schools systems such as The European School System are also given.
Research on Estée Lauder’s Competition and Marketing Model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Cosmetics are an indispensable part of people's lives and everyone can be a consumer.Estée Lauder is expanding their scale.In the past period, Estée Lauder's adopted correct strategy to respond the COVID-19 Pandemic and global market has been growing with a good trend.In this article, Estée Lauder is used as an example to analyse the market competition and marketing model, and to make relevant recommendations for possible problems that may arise.We found that Estée Lauder's marketing strategy is effective, and Estée Lauder responded to the impact and reduced the threat as much as possible when being affected by COVID-19 together with its competitor Shiseido.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Calcium-Dependent Permeability Transition are Key Players in the Mechanisms of Statins-Associated Side Effects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Statins are cholesterol-lowering medicines utilized worldwide and are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality and events. However, 0.5–10% of patients suffer from adverse effects especially on skeletal muscle. Recently, new onset of diabetes has been reported in subjects on statin therapy. Pro- and anti-oxidant effects of statins have been reported, thus fostering a debate. Previously reported data provide evidence that statins induce alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunctions that can be counteracted by antioxidants (e.g., CoQ10, creatine, and L-carnitine). Therefore, we have proposed that statin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration leads to oxidative stress that opens a calcium-dependent permeability transition pore, an event that may lead to cell death. In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress caused by statin treatment may be a signal for cellular antioxidant system responses such as catalase upregulation, possibly explaining the alleged statins’ antioxidant properties. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction induced by statin treatment may be associated with the peripheral insulin resistance and may explain statins-induced new onset of diabetes. Together, the data presented in this review suggest that the statins’ detrimental effects can be prevented by co-administration of antioxidants.
Identification and Development of a New Positron Emission Tomography Ligand 4-(2-Fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)picolinamide for Imaging Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (mGlu2)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) is a known target for treating several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. To develop a viable positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for mGlu2, we identified new candidates 5a-i that are potent negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of mGlu2. Among these candidates, 4-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)picolinamide (5i, also named as [11C]MG2-1812) exhibited high potency, high subtype selectivity, and favorable lipophilicity. Compound 5i was labeled with positron-emitting carbon-11 (11C) to obtain [11C]5i in high radiochemical yield and high molar activity by O-[11C]methylation of the phenol precursor 12 with [11C]CH3I. In vitro autoradiography with [11C]5i showed heterogeneous radioactive accumulation in the brain tissue sections, ranked in the order: cortex > striatum > hippocampus > cerebellum ≫ thalamus > pons. PET study of [11C]5i indicated in vivo specific binding of mGlu2 in the rat brain. Based on the [11C]5i scaffold, further optimization for new candidates is underway to identify a more suitable ligand for imaging mGlu2.
The Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetate and of Lysozyme on Isolated Lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Subcellular fractions and extracted lipopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosa were assayed for toxic activity by the mouse lethality technique. Toxic activity was demonstrated to be associated with the cell wall fraction. The isolated lipopolysaccharide was shown to be altered by treatment with lyso-zyme and with EDTA as evidenced by its loss of lethality for mice.
Usefulness of routine aortic valve\n\t\t\t\t calcium score measurement for risk stratification of aortic\n\t\t\t\t stenosis and coronary artery disease in patients scheduled cardiac\n\t\t\t\t multislice computed tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study sought to investigate the clinical utility of aortic valve calcium score (AVCS) determined by using cardiac multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Data of 1315 consecutive patients who underwent both conventional echocardiography and MSCT were reviewed. Degree of aortic stenosis (AS) was assessed according to mean pressure gradient (mPG) measured by echocardiography. Extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) derived by MSCT also was evaluated in 1173 patients who did not undergo prior coronary treatment. Both AVCS and coronary calcium score (CCS) were defined by Agatston units (AU) according to MSCT findings. A total of 613 of 1315 patients were defined as AVCS positive (mean, 100 AU [range, 31.0–380.0 AU]). AVCS showed significant correlations with mPG (Spearmans ρ = 0.81, p < 0.001), and CCS (ρ = 0.53, p < 0.001). Differential adequate cut-off values of AVCS were proved for predicting severe AS with mPG ≥ 40 mmHg (1596.5 AU, AUC, 0.88, sensitivity, 89.7%, specificity, 77.0%), and for predicting moderate AS with mPG ≥ 20 mmHg (886.5 AU, area under the curve [AUC], 0.91, sensitivity, 92.4%, specificity, 78.3%). Mean AVCS was higher with increased extent of CAD (none, 0 AU [range, 0–30 AU], single vessel, 8.5 AU [range, 0–104 AU], multivessel, 142 AU [range, 10–525 AU], p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of AVCS for predicting multivessel disease was 49 AU (AUC, 0.77, sensitivity, 68.8%, specificity, 78.0%). AVCS might be a surrogate marker not only for AS grading but also for CAD progression. Therefore, routine AVCS assessment could be useful for risk stratification.
Regulatory role of cathepsin L in induction of nuclear laminopathy in Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Experimental and clinical therapies in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on elimination of extracellular amyloid beta aggregates or prevention of cytoplasmic neuronal fibrillary tangles formation, yet these approaches have been generally ineffective. Interruption of nuclear lamina integrity, or laminopathy, is a newly identified concept in AD pathophysiology. Unraveling the molecular players in the induction of nuclear lamina damage may lead to identification of new therapies. Here, using 3xTg and APP/PS1 mouse models of AD, and in vitro model of amyloid beta42 (Aβ42) toxicity in primary neuronal cultures and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we have uncovered a key role for cathepsin L in the induction of nuclear lamina damage. The applicability of our findings to AD pathophysiology was validated in brain autopsy samples from patients. We report that upregulation of cathepsin L is an important process in the induction of nuclear lamina damage, shown by lamin B1 cleavage, and is associated with epigenetic modifications in AD pathophysiology. More importantly, pharmacological targeting and genetic knock out of cathepsin L mitigated Aβ42 induced lamin B1 degradation and downstream structural and molecular changes. Affirming these findings, overexpression of cathepsin L alone was sufficient to induce lamin B1 cleavage. The proteolytic activity of cathepsin L on lamin B1 was confirmed using mass spectrometry. Our research identifies cathepsin L as a newly identified lamin B1 protease and mediator of laminopathy observed in AD. These results uncover a new aspect in the pathophysiology of AD that can be pharmacologically prevented, raising hope for potential therapeutic interventions.
Why do organizations take political stances? A review of reasons and risks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Organizations and their leaders have begun publicly signaling political values in candidate endorsements, statements, and advertisements, yet political action often has negative organizational consequences, including lower public support, financial costs, and reduced trust. We review the costs of organizational politicization, moderators of those costs (such as ideological alignment and size of the organization), and potential reasons why leaders take political action. Scholars often attribute political action to public pressure to “take a stand”, but this public pressure may be misunderstood. Members of the public who want organizations to take political stances desire particular stances to be made in particular ways, tend to believe in the superiority of their own values, and are relatively likely to boycott businesses for political reasons. Catering to these individuals could lead to the accumulation of supporters who are especially politically zealous and likely to punish perceived political missteps. Demands to “take a stand” might seem like one unified call to action, but they may instead be a large set of directly conflicting demands. We make recommendations for future research to better understand leaders' reasons for political action and when, if ever, such actions support the interests of organizations and broader society.
Multicast Monitoring - Current Usage and A New, Hierarchical Protocol

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deployment of multicast routing services in corporate networks and Internet Service Providers is still tentative. Among other problems, there is a lack of monitoring and management tools and systems. Previous work in multicast management has failed to address the scalability problem present in multicast fault isolation and reporting. We propose a hierarchical, passive monitoring scheme, HPMM, that relies on a series of pre-deployed, self-organized monitoring daemons. With HPMM, fault message aggregation and local fault detection and isolation is more efficient than previous approaches. HPMM satisfies a number of design goals: scalable reporting; fault isolation; no dependencies on multicast routing for reporting; no modifications to existing routing or diagnosis protocols; and ease of deployability. The tradeoff of using HPMM is it leverages a large number of software daemons deployed along a local domain. We compare the performance of HPMM and previous work with a simulation.
A quantitative assessment of crop vulnerability to tephra hazard at Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador: understanding the effect of volcanic and biological factors

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Crops are regularly impacted by tephra from explosive volcanic eruptions, causing significant economic losses and jeopardizing farmers’ livelihood at the local to regional scales. Crop vulnerability to tephra remains poorly understood, impeding the construction of robust risk models for agriculture. Previous studies of crop vulnerability to tephra are semi-quantitative and consider tephra accumulation as the only hazard intensity metric. Here, we provide a robust evaluation of crop vulnerability based on the analysis of 700 sets of quantitative data, allowing for the assessment of the influence of various volcanic and non-volcanic factors. We collected farmers’ perceptions of damage to fodders, root and tuber crops, leafy crops, legumes, cereals, tree fruits, non-tree fruits, and estimations of their yield loss due to the August 16–17, 2006, October–November 2015 and February–March 2016 eruptions of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador. Crop yield loss increased with tephra loads (48 ± 35, 69 ± 33 and 76 ± 34% for < 0.5, 0.5–5 and 5–50 kg m-2, respectively), and we found that exposure to tephra led to a greater decline in yield compared to existing predictions. The results further highlight the plant phenological stage as a key factor of vulnerability. Exposure to tephra during the flowering period of legumes, cereals and tree fruits caused a median yield loss ≥ 80%. Legumes, tree fruits and non-tree fruits are more vulnerable to tephra than onions. Quantitative knowledge on crop vulnerability to tephra can be obtained from post-eruption impact assessments provided that a large population sample is collected and careful uncertainty analysis is conducted.
Country-by-Country Reporting: Handbook on Effective Tax Risk Assessment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

On September 2017, the OECD released Country-by-Country Reporting: Handbook on Effective Tax Risk Assessment, which provides tax authorities with guidance on ways to incorporate information obtained under CbC reporting into their tax risk assessment processes, the types of tax risk indicators that may be identified using CbC reports, and the challenges that may arise in the process. In this article, the authors outline the key elements provided in this report, illustrate with a practical example how tax authorities may use CbC reporting information to supplement their existing tax risk assessment and discuss the consequences thereof.
Reforestation effects in dry areas of Sardinia. Environmental modifications related to desertification processes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Il presente lavoro e finalizzato alla valutazione degli effetti del rimboschimento in tre zone della Sardegna centrale: F.D. Montes (NU), F.D. Usinava (NU) e Monte Arci (OR) . In ognuna di queste sono state messe a confronto aree rimboschite con aree a vegetazione naturale (macchia mediterranea), verificando le differenze venutesi a creare in termini di produzione di biomassa, diversita specifica, quantita di lettiera e caratteristiche edafiche. Dallo studio emerge il positivo effetto del rimboschimento nei confronti della biomassa e della diversita specifica, confermando l’importante ruolo del rimboschimento nel promuovere ed accelerare le dinamiche evolutive. Di piu difficile interpretazione sono i risultati relativi agli effetti delle piantagioni nei confronti di fattori come lo stoccaggio della sostanza organica e l’infiltrabilita dell’acqua nel suolo. Solo nel caso del rimboschimento di Montes possono essere evidenziati notevoli miglioramenti per quanto riguarda la velocita di infiltrazione e il sequestro di sostanza organica al suolo. Nelle altre due zone il perdurare degli effetti delle lavorazioni eseguite per l’impianto, nonche l’impatto delle pratiche selvicolturali e dell’incendio non permettono una esauriente valutazione delle conseguenze indotte dagli interventi di forestazione.
Musa schizocarpa N. W. Simmonds ITC0856

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Musa schizocarpa N. W. Simmonds
Common name(s): Banana
Other names: Schizocarpa
Conserved by: Bioversity International (ITC - Bioversity), Belgium
Local sample unique identifier: ITC0856
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1990-04-02
Other identifiers: n/a,PNG245
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Scientific management, the US Civil Communications Section (CCS) training system and their impacts on contemporary management thinking

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of Scientific Management on General Douglas MacArthur's Civil Communications Section (CCS) training system and subsequently on contemporary management thinking. \nDesign/Methodology/Approach: The design and methodology of this paper is to synthesise archival twentieth-century literature on Scientific Management and the CCS course using a combination of business history and social science methods. The approach taken was interpretative and the paper narrative in style. \nFindings: The research demonstrates that very advanced theories coming from Taylorism and Scientific Management would not be out of place in operations management today. While Taylorism has generally been vilified, this research shows that there is enough evidence to suggest that some of the theoretical underpinnings of Scientific Management are still being used today in theories and concepts that underpin Quality, Lean, Agile and Operational Excellence, and will be expanded to explain the development of Industry 4.0. \nResearch limitations/implications: While the CCS course is mostly forgotten and under-researched outside of Japan, the importance of the course to the Japanese and to the industrialisation of the Japanese electronics industry is acknowledged (Goto, 1999). The contribution of this research is to challenge some of the accepted views in business history on the origins of Japanese manufacturing. \nOriginality/value: This paper provides a comprehensive review of General Douglas MacArthur's Civil Communications Section (CCS) training system, its influencers and its impact. It contains previously unpublished archival material and insights from the original authors and commentators of that period.
[The ocular tuberculosis epidemic situation in the Sverdlovsk Region].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the Sverdlovsk Region the proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis reduced from 9.7 +/- 0.2% in the 1990s to 3.8 +/- 0.2% in 2001-2007. The notified cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis do not reflect the real situation. Ocular tuberculosis (9.6 +/- 0.49%) ranked fourth in the pattern of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, next to tuberculosis of the urinary tract (48.9 +/- 0.83%), peripheral lymph nodes (20.3 +/- 0.67%), and bones and joints (15.8 +/- 0.6). In 2001-2007, there was a rise in ocular tuberculosis morbidity and proportions in the pattern of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the highest morbidity (0.75 per 100,000 population) being registered in the large towns of the Sverdlovsk Region. Uveitis amounted to 90.9 +/- 1.47% among all the clinical forms of ocular tuberculosis, posterior ocular vascular tunic lesion being most common (56.97 +/- 5.97 to 71.8 +/- 7.2%). In 2001-2007, there was an increase in the common forms of tuberculous uveitis up to 10.6 +/- 2.89%.
Spirit map and medium’s message: Searching for war dead in Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Popular religious practices such as communicating with the deceased take place in many parts of the world. In cases of death through violence, as in warfare, the living worry about the dead bodies of their loved ones as the lack of bodily remains makes it impossible to perform a proper burial. Vietnam is a valuable case study because it has experienced terrible violence in the 20th century. This article explores the pilgrimage of a group of brothers who searched for the bodily remains of their father in the late 1990s. He operated as a secret agent and was killed in 1957 when he crossed the border into South Vietnam. In their quest, the brothers consulted a ritual expert, who guided them from a distance. Drawing on this case study, the paper argues that filial piety, spirit mediumship, technology, and political history are deeply intertwined in post-revolutionary and late socialist Vietnam.
Development of a high capacity bubble domain memory element and related epitaxial garnet materials for application in spacecraft data recorders. Item 1: Development of a high capacity memory element

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Several versions of the 100K bit chip, which is configured as a single serial loop, were designed, fabricated and evaluated. Design and process modifications were introduced into each succeeding version to increase device performance and yield. At an intrinsic field rate of 150 KHz the final design operates from -10 C to +60 C with typical bias margins of 12 and 8 percent, respectively, for continuous operation. Asynchronous operation with first bit detection on start-up produces essentially the same margins over the temperature range. Cost projections made from fabrication yield runs on the 100K bit devices indicate that the memory element cost will be less than 10 millicents/bit in volume production.
Adapting services for autism: Recommendations from a specialist multidisciplinary perspective using freelisting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The guidance available for tailoring mental health services for autistic people is limited and dispersed. Practitioners attempting to appropriately adapt mental healthcare and therapy provision report low confidence and inconsistency in their approach. This study contributes to the guidance by providing a shortlist of usable and priority adaptations for diagnostic and therapy services as described by multidisciplinary staff members responsible for the design and delivery of a specialist autism service in the UK. Individual freelisting interviews were conducted with 15 staff, who were asked to list the ways that they adapt their practice individually, within therapy, and collectively as a service. Salience and cultural consensus analyses demonstrated the following agreed priority service adaptations: ensuring the suitability of the service environment with consideration of sensory demands, adapting communication, knowing individual gender identity preferences and minimising client uncertainty. Detailed examples are given for flexibly adapting therapy to individual needs to inform general and specialist services. The findings require replication and evaluation.