jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BALLOON KYPHOPLASTY TREATMENT FOR OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL FRACTURE ON SPINAL BALANCE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures and spinal degeneration are common consequences of aging, and co-occurrence of these two pathologies can impair spinal balance leading to development of further deformities. The most common treatment measure for osteoporotic vertebral fractures is percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty which can potentially improve spinal balance along the sagittal and coronal planes. However, there is limited evidence in support of this issue to date. Materials and Methods: This study included 49 patients (27 males, 22 females) who were diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral fracture. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and one year postoperatively using three-dimensional thoracolumbar computed tomography scans. The lumbar lordosis and sacral slope angle were used to assess the sagittal plane, while coronal plane assessment was carried out using Cobb’s angle. The angle values before and after treatment were compared statistically. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 72.16 years (range: 61–94 years), and 28.6% and 71.4% of the patients exhibited thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures, respectively. Moreover, 19 patients exhibited spontaneous or minor traumatic vertebral fractures, and 16 patients diagnosed with degenerative scoliosis exhibited a significant improvement in Cobb’s angle after treatment. The comparison of pre-and postoperative mean sacral slope and lumbar lordosis angles showed an increase in both values and these differences, although not statistically significant, in agreement with previous literature. Conclusion: Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty has become an increasingly popular treatment measure for osteoporotic vertebral fracture due to its ability to effectively correct spinal imbalance in patients. Keywords: Kyphoplasty; Osteoporosis; Spinal Fractures; Postural Balance.
The Possibility of Using Waste from Dye Sorption for Methane Production

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sorption of Basic Red 46 (BR46) dye by lignocellulosic biomass on the susceptibility of the sorbed waste to anaerobic decomposition by anaerobic digestion. The research material used in the experiment consisted of two types of biomass: stalks with leaves and inflorescences after mowing Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) (GB), and rapeseed hulls (RHs) after oil pressing. During the anaerobic decomposition of RHs, 732.30 NmL/gVS and 646.63 NmL/gVS of methane were obtained from the non-sorbed substrate and the plant material after dye sorption, respectively. Similarly, in the variants using Canadian goldenrod, the production was 220.70 NmL/gVS and 183.20 NmL/gVS. The GB sorbent sorbed 34% more BR46 dye than the RH sorbent, which is likely to have resulted in the accumulation of VFA and contributed to the partial inhibition of methane production. In light of the obtained results and the literature data, it is concluded that there is a possibility of effective use of dye sorption waste for methane production.
Rate-controlled drug delivery and the reduction of risk

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

There are several drugs which would not be on the market today were it not for their associated delivery systems. An old, but very good, example is the inhalation anaesthetic halothane. To use it safely requires a special vaporizer which enables the anaesthetist to 'dial' a fixed concentration of the agent in the patient's inspired air. This delivery system not only makes halothane simpler to use than other agents, but also gives it a safety margin which it would not have if given by the open-drop inhalation method (which worked quite well for ether). Also, the halothane vaporizer has been used very artfully in promotion to persuade anaesthetists to use the new product. Today, 25 years after its introduction, halothane dominates the inhalation anaesthetic market in all technologically advanced countries, and the vaporizer has become an integral part of contemporary anaesthetic practice.
MicroRNA‑125a‑mediated regulation of the mevalonate signaling pathway contributes to high glucose‑induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperglycemia contributes to the excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which are closely associated with atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) constitute a novel class of gene regulators, which have important roles in various pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify miRNAs involved in the high glucose (HG)‑induced VSMC phenotype switch, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. miRNA sequencing and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR results indicated that inhibition of miR‑125a expression increased the migration and proliferation of VSMCs following HG exposure, whereas the overexpression of miR‑125a abrogated this effect. Furthermore, dual‑luciferase reporter assay results identified that 3‑hydroxy‑3-methyglutaryl‑coA reductase (HMGCR), one of the key enzymes in the mevalonate signaling pathway, is a target of miR‑125a. Moreover, HMGCR knockdown, similarly to miR‑125a overexpression, suppressed HG‑induced VSMC proliferation and migration. These results were consistent with those from the miRNA target prediction programs. Using a rat model of streptozotocin‑induced diabetes mellitus, it was demonstrated that miR‑125a expression was gradually downregulated, and that the expressions of key enzymes in the mevalonate signaling pathway in the aortic media were dysregulated after several weeks. In addition, it was found that HG‑induced excessive activation of the mevalonate signaling pathway in VSMCs was suppressed following transfection with a miR‑125a mimic. Therefore, the present results suggest that decreased miR‑125a expression contributed to HG‑induced VSMC proliferation and migration via the upregulation of HMGCR expression. Thus, miR‑125a‑mediated regulation of the mevalonate signaling pathway may be associated with atherosclerosis.
Superior cerebellar artery aneurysms treated using the sole stenting approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

✓Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has evolved since the introduction of detachable coils. Sole stenting is a brand-new technique that has recently emerged as a definitive treatment for saccular or fusiform aneurysms at particular locations. Superior cerebellar artery aneurysms are rare, and few treated cases have been reported. Most of them have been treated surgically, and endovascular cases usually have been managed with occlusion of the parent vessel. The authors report on the first two endovascularly treated cases with complete cure of the aneurysm as well as preservation of the parent vessel and distal circulation via the sole stenting technique. The results together with several aspects of the technique, such as the correction of the angle of the vessel and modification of the shear stress, are discussed.
Articulation without acoustics: A case study of Oneida utterance-final forms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Whether the targets of speech production are primarily articulatory or acoustic has been controversial [Guenther et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105(5), 2854–2865 (1999)]. While it has been observed that tongue movements occur even in contexts where they may be acoustically obscured [Browman and Goldstein, LabPhonI: 341–376 (1990); Tiede et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110(5), 2, 2657 (2001)], the question of whether natural languages can systematically encode articulations in the absence of acoustic consequences has remained open. A study was conducted to investigate a purported phonological process in the endangered Oneida (Iroquois) language whereby utterance-final forms exhibit fixed sequences having this property. Ultrasound, video, and acoustic data were collected from two native speakers of Oneida in a field setting. Preliminary results indicate that speakers’ tongue positions are significantly different during different utterance-final vowel articulations despite these vowels being completely inaudible. Results confirm claims that the Oneida phenomenon is in fact a case of articulation without acoustics, and indicate that it is indeed possible for articulations to be retained even in the systematic absence of auditory goals. [Work supported by NSERC.]
Equations of Stellar Structure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Stellar Structure and Evolution, the second volume in the Ohio State Astrophysics Series, takes advantage of our new era of stellar astrophysics, in which modern techniques allow us to map the interiors of stars in unprecedented detail. This textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students aims to develop a broad physical understanding of the fundamental principles that dictate stellar properties. The study of stellar evolution focuses on the 'life cycle' of stars: how they are born, how they live, and how they die. As elements ejected by one generation of stars are incorporated into the next generation, stellar evolution is intertwined with the chemical evolution of our galaxy. Focusing on key physical processes without going into encyclopedic depth, the authors present stellar evolution in a contemporary context, including phenomena such as pulsations, mass loss, binary interactions, and rotation, which contribute to our understanding of stars.
Kessleria Nowicki 1864

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genus Kessleria Nowicki, 1864: 12 TS: Kessleria zimmermanni Nowicki, 1864 = Circostola Meyrick, 1889: 163 (TS: Circostola copidota Meyrick, 1889, by monotypy) = Hofmannia Wocke, 1876: 644 (TS: Zelleria saxifragae Stainton, 1868, subsequently designated by Meyrick, 1915)
NAC: Mitigating Noisy Correspondence in Cross-Modal Matching Via Neighbor Auxiliary Corrector

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The presence of noisy correspondence within cross-modal matching has significantly undermined the performance of existing matching methods. In this paper, we introduce a robust framework named Neighbor Auxiliary Corrector (NAC) for alleviating noise by utilizing the neighbors, which are indicative of similar textual targets. NAC is inspired by an observation that similar texts tend to correspond to similar images. Leveraging the zero-shot capabilities of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), we identify the top-k nearest neighbors for each positive image-text pair. Subsequently, the side information provided by these neighbors is harnessed for both sample verification and sample rectification. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our framework can significantly boost the performance and is more robust to various levels of noisy correspondence.
Occlusal diagnosis and treatment provide the foundation for successful restorative and esthetic treatment.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This case demonstrates how a patient whose initial complaint was lower anterior crowding achieved improved function and prognosis for her dentition through treatment for her occlusion. Although she had initially refused the recommended orthodonture in favor of the compromise approach of composite restoration and enamoplasty, she ultimately proceeded with the orthodonture after completion of treatment for caries and defective maxillary restorations. Her overall prognosis improved because the maxillary anterior teeth were restored to harmonious proportions and length and her mandibular anteriors were no longer visibly crowded and rotated. Prognosis also improved because occlusion was improved.
Simulating the thermal behavior of northern peatlands with a 3‐D microtopography

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Globally, peatlands represent important stores of carbon which may have an important influence on future climatic conditions. Understanding how peatlands will influence, and also respond to, future climates will require an understanding of their thermal behavior. Peatland surfaces are often characterized by a 3‐D microtopography. Therefore, we might expect strong horizontal thermal gradients and exchanges between neighboring microforms with contrasting hydrological regimes and vegetation composition. However, previous peatland temperature models have assumed that horizontal temperature gradients are insignificant and that temperatures can be simulated adequately by applying 1‐D vertical models. We outline the development, parameterization, and evaluation of a 3‐D model that simulates peat temperatures in two microforms, a Sphagnum fuscum hummock surrounded by a Sphagnum magellanicum lawn, to identify the importance of such horizontal heat fluxes. The 3‐D Heat‐in‐Peat (HIP) model provides a reasonable representation of temperatures in the microforms with a root‐mean‐squared error between modeled and measured peat temperatures ranging from 2.33° to 0.20°C. The 3‐D HIP model highlights the importance of a 3‐D microtopography on the surface energy balance and peat temperatures. Comparison of the 3‐D HIP model with 1‐D simulations of peat temperatures shows that horizontal temperature gradients significantly influence peat temperatures within the hummock, with simulated temperatures at a depth of 0.375 m beneath the hummock being underestimated by up to 1.2°C in 1‐D simulations. In contrast, temperatures within the Sphagnum magellanicum lawn were adequately simulated by ignoring horizontal heat fluxes.
Impact of precision livestock farming on work and human- animal interactions on dairy farms. A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. With increasing herd sizes and decreasing workforce availability, precision livestock farming (PLF) is being developed in the dairy sector to facilitate herd monitoring. A desire to reduce the drudgery of repetitive tasks is another factor contributing to the adoption of PLF. This study, based on a review of the scientific literature, focuses on the impact of PLF on the profession and work organization of dairy farmers. [br/]\n\nLiterature. Time savings are observed because robots and sensors take on recurrent physical tasks (milking, feeding) while simplifying the monitoring of animals (heat, health problems, etc.). Farmers appreciate the additional flexibility in organizing their work. The information provided can reduce the mental workload due to the anticipation of events (insemination, health problems). However, the mental workload can sometimes be increased due to the complexity of the information involved in managing the multiple alarms or alerts and equipment failures. The relationship between farmers and their animals is also modified. [br/]\n\nConclusions. Precision livestock farming can have a positive impact on dairy farmers’ work and can be attractive for young people. However, if the tools are not adapted to farmers’ needs and skills, PLF can also lead to negative impacts on farmers and animals. It is therefore critical to consider the different dimensions of farmers’ work to facilitate their adoption of these new technologies\n
Public Policies Advances on Transgender People in Portugal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When rights are guaranteed through public policy, the probability of becoming de facto rights rather than just de jure rights is greatly increased. On the one hand, the conditions and mechanisms for its implementation are created or, at least, foreseen, and the conditions for effective access by all people to the rights in question are reviewed. This is the case of Portugal in promoting the rights of trans people, following a consolidated public policy on equality and gender (since 2007). The countries in Europe (European Union) have adopted different perspectives and paths ahead regarding the definition and implementation of comprehensive public policies for trans people. Previous studies about Portuguese case reveal that health, work, but also rights in the family and sexuality, are fragile domains, which place trans people in a situation of great vulnerability. Adopting a participatory methodology, the chapter presents the diversity in political and ideological positions and debates the obstacles in the process of public policy formulation to promote the integral well-being of trans people. The evaluation of the Portuguese case is useful for other political and social contexts, while it reveals the cornerstones of public policies advances on transgender persons, namely stereotypes and gender biases.
SHORT COMMUNICAT ION ANTIMYCOTIC ACTIVITY OF BERBERINE SULPHATE: AN ALKALOID FROM AN INDIAN MEDIC INAL HERB

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

unaffected. Berberine (Fig. 1) is the chief alkaloid of Berberis aristata--an indigenous plant found in the temperate regions of North-Western Himalayas, Nilgiri mountains, Garhwal and Parasnath ills at an altitude of 1,800 to 2,400m. It has been used in many eye diseases for over 3,000 years [2, 6]. Until the advent of sulphonamides and antibiotics, Rasanjan (dried aqueous extract of Berberis aristata dissolved in water), a popular household medicine in North India, was the O
Asparagine residue 368 is involved in Alzheimer’s disease tau strain‐specific aggregation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background In tauopathies, tau forms pathogenic fibrils with distinct conformations (termed ‘tau strains’) and acts as an aggregation “seed” promoting the conversion of normal tau into isomorphic fibrils. Previous research showed that the aggregation core of tau fibril covers the carboxy‐terminal region (243–406) and differs among the diseases. However, the mechanisms by which distinct fibrous structures are formed and inherited in comparison to normal tau via templated aggregation are still unknown. Here, we sought to identify the key sequences of seed‐dependent aggregation. Method To identify sequences for which deletion reduces tau aggregation, SH‐SY5Y cells expressing a series of 10 partial deletion (Del 1–10, covering 244–400 aa) mutants of tau‐CTF24 (243–441 aa) were treated with tau seeds prepared from a different tauopathy patient’s brain [Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD)] or recombinant tau and then, seed‐dependent tau aggregation was assessed biochemically. Furthermore, we systematically repeated cellular tau aggregation assays for the delineation of shorter deletion sites to identify the minimum sequence responsible for tau aggregation. Result We found that the Del 8 mutant lacking 353–368 aa showed significantly decreased aggregation in both cellular and in vitro models. Mutagenesis studies revealed that Asn368 mutation suppressed tau aggregation triggered by an AD‐tau seed, but not using other tauopathies seeds, including PSP and CBD. Similar effects were also observed with Ala replacement of the Ser320 residue, which was arranged facing inwards toward Asn368, in the AD‐tau core structure that was determined recently by means of cryo‐electron microscopy. Conclusion Our study suggested that 353–368 aa is a novel aggregation‐responsible sequence other than PHF6 and PHF6*, and within this sequence, the Asn368 residue plays a role in strain‐specific tau aggregation in different tauopathies, possibly along with Ser320.
An ab initio potential surface for phosphorane fragmentation, PR5 .dblarw. PR3 + R2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn ab initio potential surface for phosphorane fragmentation, PR5 .dblarw. PR3 + R2James M. HowellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 23, 7447–7452Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00465a008Request reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (720 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Demonstration of a keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycan in atherosclerotic aorta.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proteoglycans were isolated from either grossly normal or atherosclerotic pigeon aortas after extraction with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and purification by ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The small-size proteoglycans (Kav 0.4, on Sepharose CL-4B) from both normal and atherosclerotic tissue contained primarily a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan with an intact molecular size of 220-330 kd and a 45-kd core protein. In addition to the dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, the preparation contained a proteoglycan recognized by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5-D-4, indicating the presence of sulfated poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences common to corneal and cartilage keratan sulfate. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed a polydisperse proteoglycan of 60-150 kd that was recognized by MAb 5-D-4. Significantly greater immunoreactivity with MAb 5-D-4 was observed for atherosclerotic compared with normal artery. After endo-beta-D-galactosidase treatment of the proteoglycan from ath...
Researchers Explore Association Between Psoriasis and Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ms. Hoffmeister is a freelance medical writer in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME articles and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This continuing medical enduring material activity expires January 31, 2015. The author and all staff in a position to control the content of this CME activity have disclosed that they and their spouses/life partners (if any) have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Lippincott's Bone and Joint Newsletter is an independent publication solely owned and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and has no affiliation with the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.