jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spirituality and employee attitude — A relationship perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Spirituality and workplace Attitude of Employees have an important relationship; it differs when the person changes. It is quite difficult to compare both Attitude and Spirituality. The study assesses the reliability and validity of the measures used and it certainly discusses the results that came out from the analysis which says whether workplace Attitude has a Positive or Negative impact on Spirituality. For an Employee he interacts more time in his Work Environment may be 3/4 of his day. So the study helps to come out with a result that shows whether they are able to manage their stress or pressure with the help of spirituality. Now a day's employees are suffering a lot of stress and pressure from their organization to complete their work before the deadlines given and to achieve their target. So this research paper mainly focuses on one aspect that is, does Spirituality plays a significant role in employee's workplace attitude. This paper looks in to the factors that support spirituality deals within the traditional understanding in employing workplace spirituality and also the connection between spirituality and individual and organizational results. This study was mainly conducted to check whether the spiritual factors have any influence on attitude of an employee in his work place, so the study considered 10 factors, which is related to spirituality. The results show the attitude is related to the spirituality in an organization, there is a positive impact between them.
Reverse Engineering a Controversy: Technology and Content

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In what may be a surprise to some, not everything that the information industry creates can be copyrighted. Copyright protection only applies to works that are original and expressive, not to works that consist of facts, ideas, concepts or processes. A classic, and still controversial example of this distinction, are “white pages” telephone directories. A 1992 Supreme Court decision held that the directory entries (name, address & phone number), were facts, and that the process (publishing in alphabetical order) was not creative enough to warrant copyright protection. Dozens of free online white pages Websites and proposed database protection legislation have been the result of that decision.A more complex situation arises when dealing with digital information and software. Many if not most digital products will contain both copyrighted elements and non-copyrighted elements. Unlike reading a book, however, accessing the non-copyrighted content may not be practical due to technological measures or licensing restrictions. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) strengthened these restrictions by making it illegal to circumvent a technological protection measure.A controversial solution to this situation, often applied in software applications, has been reverse engineering. This process generally involves digging down into an application to identify its underlying source and object codes in order to separate the protected elements from the unprotected elements. By then using the knowledge gained from the code and the unprotected elements, developers create new products, or variations on the original products. This was recently tested in a closely watched case involving Lexmark printers and toner cartridges.
Stimulated emission of superradiant atoms in waveguide QED

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the stimulated emission of superradiant atoms coupled to a waveguide induced by a coherent-state photon pulse. We provide an analytical result when a short $π$ pulse is incident, which shows that the atoms emit photons coherently into the output pulse, which remains a coherent state in the short pulse limit. An incident pulse is amplified in phase-preserving manner, where noise is added almost entirely in the phase direction in phase space. This property improves the ratio of intensity signal to noise after the amplification for sufficiently short pulses. This is a unique feature different from general phase-preserving linear amplifiers, where the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates in the amplification process. We also discuss the dependence of the photon-emission probability on pulse parameters, such as the pulse area and the duration.
The reaction of hydroxo-species of palladium(II) with bidentate nucleophiles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The species present in solutions of [Pd(bipy)(H2O)2]2+(bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and [Pd(en)(H2O)2]2+ in the [OH–] range 0.01–0.1 mol dm–3 react with the nucleophiles (L–L) ethylenediamine (en), NNN′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, or glycylglycinate to give respectively [Pd(L–L)2]n+(n= 0 or 2) and [Pd(en)(L–L)]n+(n= 1 or 2). The Kobs. values for the entry of the first L–L, which occurs in one observable step, depend both on [L–L] and [OH–] and the observed rate law, under pseudo-first-order conditions, is Kobs.={a+b/[OH–]}[L–L]. The kinetic data have been interpreted assuming that both a monohydroxo- and a dihydroxo-complex, in fast equilibrium, are the reacting species. The reactivity of the dihydroxo-complex could be evaluated only in the case of the bipy species.
Effect Found in the Combination of Kitasamycin with Other Antibiotics Used against &lt;i&gt;Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Combinations of antibiotics are used to increase the therapeutic options via the simultaneous activities of two compounds. The goals of combination therapy are to resolve the bacterial infection while reducing the treatment cost. The use of kitasamycin is used frequently and in addition to other antibiotics, the desired combinations were not found. Methods: Fields strains: we use serotypes 1, 3, 5 y 7. Microbial culturing: The serotypes 1, 3, 5 y 7 was identified. Antibiotics and Reagents: The antibiotics used were kitasamycin; enrofloxacin and oxolinic acid. The following combinations were tested: a) kitasamycin with enrofloxacin; b) kitasamycin with norfloxacin; and c) kitasamycin with oxolinic acid. Preparation of bacterial suspensions: The cultures were adjusted to a concentration of 5 colony-forming units per ml (CFU/ml) using the same sterile culture medium as the diluent. Determination of the fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs): To test each combination and their interactions and to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of each antibiotic. Calculation of the index of the fractional minimum inhibitory concentration (FMIC): The FMIC index was calculated by applying the following formula: FIC index = FIC of antibiotic A/FIC of antibiotic B. Results: What was found showed that: A combination of kitasamycin and norfloxacin has been shown to have an indifferent effect. A combination of kitasamycin and enrofloxacin had antagonistic effects against all of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes studied. Finally, a combination of kitasamycin and oxolinic acid had antagonist effects against serotypes 1, 3 and 5 and a synergistic effect against serotype 7. Conclusion: The “in vitro” combination Kitasamycin-Norfloxacin showed an indifferent effect, and combination Kitasamycin and Enrofloxacin demonstrated an antagonistic interaction between these two antibiotics. A combination of Kitasamycin and Oxolinic Acid had synergistic effect against serotype 7.
An Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Initially Presenting with Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficits : A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は29歳,男性.性行為中に激しい頭痛および左上下肢の脱力を訴え救急外来を受診した.来院時,神経学的に顔面を含む左上下肢の麻痺を認めたが,数時間以内に次第に症状は改善し,残存したしびれも2週間以内に消失した.来院時のMRI拡散強調画像では,右大脳基底核にhigh intensity lesionを認めた.第4病日に施行した3D-CTAでは右内頸動脈C2部に解離壁を認め,第12病日に施行した脳血管撮影では右内頸動脈C2部で完全閉塞を認め,右大脳半球内腔は左内頸動脈からの交差血流で還流されていた.脳血流量測定(SPECT)では血流低下を示唆する所見はなかった.患者は神経脱落症状をきたすことなく独歩退院した.以上,きわめて稀なRINDにて発症した頭蓋内内頸動脈解離の1例を報告した.
HIERARCHY OF CORRELATIONS VIA LÜDERS MEASUREMENTS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The classification and quantification of correlations (classical and quantum) in composite quantum systems are of fundamental significance for quantum information processing. While the paradigm of separability versus entanglement has been intensively studied, the scenario of classicality versus quantumness, with focus on the quantum discord, has also attracted many recent interests. In this paper, pursuing further the latter scenario and exploiting the intrinsic structure of bipartite quantum states via local projective measurements, we introduce the notion of coherent dimension of correlations in terms of the Lüders measurements. The coherent dimension can alternatively be regarded as a generalization of the Schmidt number of a pure state. Furthermore, we propose some families of measures for correlations, which extend naturally both the quantum discord and the quantum mutual information (total correlations), and furthermore interpolate between them. These quantities reveal some hierarchial structures, and provide a more complete description, of both classical and quantum correlations in the quantum realm.
Multi-band QPSK Signal Transmission Implemented with Remote Up-Conversion and Schottky Diode RF Detectors in a 60-GHz Mm-Wave RoF system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A simple optical remote up-conversion technique and aSchottky diode RF detectorhave been implemented in a 60 GHz ROF system to demonstrate multi-band QPSK signal over 50-km fiber and 4-meter wireless transmission.
Central Bank Independence and its Impact on Fiscal Deficit: Evidence from India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper explores the relationship between Central bank independence (CBI) and fiscal deficit in India. Moreover, the study tries to assess the impact of CBI on the levels of fiscal deficit. The study incorporates other variables like Gross Domestic Product, financial development, and trade openness to analyze their impact on the fiscal deficit. The study employed Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) Bounds test developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) to examine the long-run relationship between CBI and fiscal deficit. The study also employs a legal index for measuring CBI developed by Jasmine et al (2019) as well as an actual measure of independence developed by Cukierman (1992) to measure CBI in India. The study confirms the long-run relationship between the CBI and fiscal deficit as well as among other variables. An increase in the levels of CBI leads to falling in the levels of fiscal deficit. The other explanatory variables used in the study also confirm the long-run relationship and impact fiscal deficit negatively except for trade openness, which positively impacts the fiscal deficit.
Abstract 4543: Targeting the NADPH binding site of dihydrofolate reductase for cancer therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate using NADPH as the cofactor. Folate-dependent one carbon metabolism is essential for the de novo synthesis of purines, pyrimidines and certain amino acids. Thus, DHFR plays an essential role in production and maintaining reduced folates for cellular proliferation, and consequently it has been a critical target for chemotherapy. Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate that targets DHFR, has been used for decades in the clinic. However, both intrinsic and acquired resistance occurs due to decreased uptake, gene amplification and protein mutation. We have initiated studies to find an inhibitor that targets the cofactor NADPH binding site that would bypass these resistance mechanisms to MTX in contrast to analogs that target the dihydrofolate binding site. Fourteen NAD/NADP analogues were screened by the MTT assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which lack endogenous DHFR expression but were stably transfected with a DHFR-EGFP fusion construct driven by a CMV promoter (DG44 DHFR-EGFP). Two compounds, thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD-S) and thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP-S), had IC50 values of 1 μM. NAD-S and NADP-S were also found to be potent inhibitors of two other cancer cell lines, C85 (metastatic human colon cancer cell line) and CCRF-CEM (human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line). Surprisingly, both NAD-S and NADP-S decreased the levels of DHFR in CEM-CCRF cells. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the half life of DHFR is significantly reduced upon treatment of cells with 10 μM NADP-S. Furthermore, this NADP analog caused an increase in cells at the G1 phase (11% at 10 μM and 44% at 40 μM NADP-S treatment) that was reversible by removing NADP-S from the cell culture. Because NADP-S decreased DHFR levels, the combination of NADP-S with MTX was tested and found to significantly reduce colony formation, and was synergetic in vitro (Chou-Talalay analysis). We conclude that NADPS has a novel mechanism of action, i.e., it causes degradation of DHFR, likely by competing with NADPH binding, known to stabilize DHFR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4543.
Privatising provision and attacking poverty? The direction of UK Pension Policy under new Labour

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the thrust of the UK Government's pension reforms in the context of the system they inherited. The reforms represent continuity with what went before in seeking to continue the privatisation of pension provision, but herald a new emphasis on pensioner poverty reduction. There is a clear broad strategy even though not all of the reforms fit obviously within it – a generous means-tested system, extensive private provision and a diminished contributory pension. In the long term, this strategy has advantages in terms of containing public sector liabilities, but involves further downgrading the contributory principle. It will also affect the incentive to save for many individuals. Individuals currently on means-tested benefits will be able to keep more of their savings as a result of the reform. But those currently outside the means-tested benefit regime who expect to be brought into it as a result of the reforms will face a diminished incentive to save.
The Yield of Edible Meat from Different Market Classes of Chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SINCE a large part of the meat demand in recent years has been met with the production and processing of chickens, a study was made to determine the amount of edible meat which may be obtained from five different market classes of chickens, namely, broilers, fryers, light hens, medium heavy hens, and light roaster males. Previous work has been conducted in which the yield of meat from live, dressed and eviscerated broilers, fryers and light roasters was determined, McNally and Spicknall (1949), by boiling the dressed birds and removing the meat from the bones. Other work has been conducted to determine the percentage of edible meat in relation to meat type score of chickens, by cooking the carcasses and removing the meat from the bones, Henderson (1949). In a study on the growth of White Plymouth Rock chickens, Mitchell et al. (1926), reported that the edible flesh and fat constituted . . .
Diversification of Farmer Income in West Java

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Agricultural land has decreased the impact on farmers in meeting their needs. The transition to agriculture complicates industry in its effort to meet the needs of farmers. Another issue, climate change will disrupt plant crops that will result in inefficient farming. Farming inefficiencies are a reason for farmers to diversify. This study was based on a micro data survey data of agricultural enterprise household income in the Regencies / Cities of West Java on a household level. Limits of household income diversification of farming is when the household has to venture outside the agricultural sector or one of the cores and the sources of income comes from salaries / wages of laborers / employees outside the agricultural sector. The results showed that with the increasing age of the household head the diversity decreases, the higher the education of the head of household the more it encourages the diversification of income, the more the additional land area increases diversification, the easier access to credit for adding revenue diversification, increasing the income of farmers that tend not to diversify, the more houses and stairs in school which support farmers to diversify, the more productive the household income lowers with diversification.</p><p><br />JEL Classification: D31, O12, O13<br />Keywords: Climate Change, Diversify, Diversity of Income, Farming, Inefficiency</p>
Neurology and the Invention of Menstruation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Theories of menstruation provide a fundamental site for both the expression and the development of notions of sexed being. This chapter examines various neurological accounts of menstruation produced during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to outline the origins of one of the core building blocks of the period of historical modernity: the notion that the female body is an essentially well-functioning entity. Between 1875 and 1886, a number of gynaecologists advanced the major components of our current understanding of the purpose of menstruation: it occurs at the opposite end of a monthly cycle from ovulation, and it accompanies the shedding of the epithelium (the tissue comprising the lining of most inner cavities) of the uterus, now known as the endometrium. Even this discovery, however, held that menstruation was pathological (albeit systemically so). As Robert Lawson Tait put it, summing up Wilhelm Löwenthal's findings published in German in 1884 and 1885, "menstrual bleeding is neither a physiological function nor an accompaniment of one, but it is a consequence made habitual by innumerable repetitions of a state of things artificially produced — viz., the non-impregnation and death of the egg; it has all the peculiarities and effects of other undoubtedly pathological hæmorrhages" (322). Where most animals, it was recognized, re-absorb the cells of a denuded uterine epithelium, the occurrence of uterine bleeding to 'flush' the epithelium out of the body was virtually unique to humans (Tait 332).
Nondestructive Experimental Determination of the Pin-Power Distribution in Nuclear Fuel Assemblies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A need for validation of modern production codes with respect to the calculated pin-power distribution has been recognized. A nondestructive experimental method for such validation has been developed based on a tomographic technique. The gamma-ray flux distribution is recorded in each axial node of the fuel assembly separately, whereby the relative rod-by-rod content of the fission product 140Ba is determined. Measurements indicate that 1 to 2% accuracy (1σ) is achievable.A device has been constructed for in-pool measurements at reactor sites. The applicability has been demonstrated in measurements at the Swedish boiling water reactor (BWR) Forsmark 2 on irradiated fuel with a cooling time of 4 to 5 weeks. Data from the production code POLCA-7 have been compared to measured rod-by-rod contents of 140Ba. An agreement of 3.1% (1σ) has been demonstrated.It is estimated that measurements can be performed on a complete BWR assembly in 25 axial nodes within an 8-h work shift. As compared to the conventional method, involving gamma scanning of individual fuel rods, this method does not require the fuel to be disassembled nor does the fuel channel have to be removed. The cost per measured fuel rod is estimated to be an order of magnitude lower than the conventional method.
Physicochemical and sensory changes in aged sugarcane spirit submitted to filtering with activated carbon filter Alterações físico-químicas e sensoriais de cachaças envelhecidas submetidas à filtragem com carvão ativado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sugarcane spirit is a drink considered as a national symbol of Brazil. It is produced by large producers and by about 30 thousand small and medium home-distilling producers dispersed throughout the country. The copper originating from the home-distillers can become a serious problem since at high concentrations in beverages it may cause serious human health problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the activated carbon used in commercial filters on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of aged sugarcane spirit. Analyses of copper, dry extract, alcoholic degree, higher alcohols, volatile acids, aldehydes, esters, furfural, and methanol were performed. The sensory evaluation was performed by seven selected trained judges, who analyzed the yellow color, woody aroma and flavor, and intensity of alcoholic aroma and flavor of the cane spirit before and after the filtration process. The sensory tests were carried out using a 9 cm non-structured intensity scale. A reduction was observed in all compounds analyzed physicochemically, except for the esters, which increased after filtration. This increase is probably due to the esterification of the alcohols and acids present. According to the sensory results obtained, a reduction was observed in the intensity of the yellow color, aroma, and wood flavor characteristics, the major characteristics of the aging process.<br>A cachaça é uma bebida considerada símbolo nacional, sendo produzida por grandes produtores e por cerca de 30 mil pequenos e médios produtores de alambiques artesanais espalhados por todo o País. O cobre oriundo dos destiladores dos alambiques artesanais pode tornar-se um grande problema, pois esse metal, em grandes concentrações na bebida, acarreta sérios problemas à saúde humana. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar a influência da filtragem em carvão utilizado nos filtros comerciais sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais de aguardentes de cana envelhecidas. Realizaram-se as análises de cobre, extrato seco, grau alcoólico, álcoois superiores, acidez volátil, aldeídos, ésteres, furfural e metanol. A avaliação sensorial foi realizada com equipe de provadores selecionados e treinados, os quais analisaram a intensidade da cor amarela, sabor e aroma de madeira e sabor e aroma alcoólico das cachaças antes e após a filtragem. Os testes sensoriais foram realizados por meio de escala de intensidade, não estruturada e de 9 cm. Observou-se uma redução em todos os compostos físico-químicos analisados, exceto ésteres, que aumentaram nas cachaças após a filtragem. Provavelmente este aumento ocorreu devido à esterificação dos álcoois e ácidos presentes. De acordo com os resultados sensoriais obtidos, observou-se redução na intensidade das características cor amarela, aroma e sabor de madeira, principais características adquiridas no processo de envelhecimento.