jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Medicines selection via fuzzy upward β -covering rough sets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The notions of fuzzy upward β -covering, the fuzzy upward β -neighborhood, upward β -neighborhood and fuzzy complement β -neighborhood are introduced and several related properties are studied. Furthermore, multigranulation optimistic/pessimistic fuzzy rough sets based on fuzzy upward β -covering are initiated and their fundamental properties are investigated. We also find the upward β -neighborhood in the fuzzy upward covering approximation space and present the optimistic/pessimistic multigranulation rough sets to further enrich the presented notions. The medicine selection via fuzzy upward β -covering rough sets in medical diagnosis is another main contribution of the present work. It is also explored that which medicine can be prescribed for which particular symtom(s) and which disease.
Sources of Coliphage to the Marine Environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coliphages may be an alternative to bacterial indicators of sewage pollution in sea water. However, non-human sources of coliphage to the marine environment have not been investigated. A study was conducted in Southeastern Florida to determine how E. coli C (ATCC 13706) bacteriophages of non-human origin could interfere with the coliphage indicator system in the monitoring of human fecal pollution in sea water. Coliphages were detected, in variable numbers, in 12.5%, 80%, and 33.3% of human, seagull (Larus delawarensis), and pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis carolinensis) fecal samples, respectively, as well as in 100% of raw sewage samples. No coliphage was detected in feces of dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Single fecal samples of cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus) and royal tern (Thalasseus maximus maximus) also contained coliphage. The coliphage content per gram of dry weight of raw sewage was significantly (α = 0.00007) higher than that of all the other fecal samples. Even though coliphage titers in the animal feces are lower than in raw sewage, in restricted geographical areas (i.e. marinas), non-human animal sources may still be important.\nThree time series analyses were performed to investigate the inconsistent detection of coliphage in human feces. Coliphage was present in only 3 out of 7 fresh human stool samples. However, coliphages appeared after several days of aging of the samples in a dilution of sterile phosphate buffered water. It is hypothesized that lysogenic bacteria in human feces release coliphage through spontaneous induction and physico-chemical conditions outside the human intestine may trigger this induction.
Effect of siRNA on mcl-1 expression in HepG2 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AIM: To investigate the effect of specific siRNA on mcl-1 expression in hepatoma cell line HepG2. METHODS: Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was cultured in vitro and transfected with two siRNAs(different loci) of mcl-1 by lipofectamine 2000. The levels of mcl-1 mRNA expression before and after transfection were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The interfering effect between the two siRNAs and the specificity and time effect for interference were compared.Then the levels of Mcl-1 protein expression before and after transfection were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS: The level of mcl-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells was inhibited by the specific siRNAs.The expression of mcl-1 mRNA began to decrease 24 h after transfection; and the most apparent interfering efficiency was 67.25% 48 h after transfection,which was markedly higher than that in the cells transfected with the control siRNAs; at 72 h, the expression restored a little. Both siRNAs(siRNA-F1 and siRNA-F2)from different loci had interfering effect on mcl-1 mRNA expression, and there was only a little difference between them.Western Blot indicated that the expression of Mcl-1 protein was downregulated in HepG2 cells after interfered with siRNA-F1. CONCLUSION: RNA interference can downregulate the level of mcl-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells.And Mcl-1 protein expression is also downregulated by specific siRNA.
Dealing with adversity: religiosity or science? Evidence from the great influenza pandemic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How do societies respond to adversity? After a negative shock, separate strands of research document either an increase in religiosity or a boost in innovation efforts. In this paper, we show that both reactions can occur at the same time, driven by different individuals within society. The setting of our study is the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. To measure religiosity, we construct a novel indicator based on naming patterns of newborns. We measure innovation through the universe of granted patents. Exploiting plausibly exogenous county-level variation in exposure to the pandemic, we provide evidence that more-affected counties become both more religious and more innovative. Looking within counties, we uncover heterogeneous responses: individuals from more religious backgrounds further embrace religion, while those from less religious backgrounds become more likely to choose a scientific occupation. Facing adversity widens the distance in religiosity between science-oriented individuals and the rest of the population, and it increases the polarization of religious beliefs.
Assessment of first-aid knowledge and decision making of high school athletic coaches.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The athletic coaches did not adequately meet first-aid standards as established for this study in accordance with the American Red Cross. In addition, coaches who passed the First-Aid Assessment tended to return an injured starter to the game, whereas those who failed decided to keep the player out of the game. It is critical that an unbiased, objective professional person provide all medical care on the athletic playing field, preferably one who is certified in athletic training.
Appendix F. Multivariate analyses followed by mixed-model univariate analyses for effects of grass competition, root herbivory by beetles, and full sibling family of milkweed on the natural log of number of stems, sum of stem heights, and sum of stem widths in the spring of the second growing season.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Multivariate analyses followed by mixed-model univariate analyses for effects of grass competition, root herbivory by beetles, and full sibling family of milkweed on the natural log of number of stems, sum of stem heights, and sum of stem widths in the spring of the second growing season.
Dynamic alternations of RANKL/OPG ratio expressed by cementocytes in response to orthodontic‑induced external apical root resorption in a rat model

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in the formation of cementocytes in response to orthodontic forces and to evaluate the contribution of these cells in the biological changes of tooth movement and associated root resorption. A total of 90 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control, high force, and low force groups. Intrusion forces of 10 and 50 g were applied on the rat molar to induce tooth intrusion. The tooth movement was observed from 0 to 14 days by micro‑computed tomography, bone histometric analysis, tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase staining, as well as reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining assays. The results suggested that under low force conditions, osteoclasts were distributed at a higher frequency on the bone side than on the root side. Under high force conditions, both sides suffered osteoclast infiltration. In the low force group, the cementocytes exhibited downregulated sclerostin (SOST) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA levels and a lower receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL)/OPG ratio over a certain period of time. The expression levels of these genes were lower compared with those of the osteocytes at each time‑point. In the high force group, both cementocytes and osteocytes upregulated the SOST and RANKL/OPG ratio on days 7 and 14, while the cementocytes expressed higher levels of SOST mRNA than those noted in the osteocytes. These data suggested that cementocytes responded to the orthodontic force via modulation of the RANKL/OPG ratio and SOST expression. The biological response of cementocytes contributed to the mechanotransduction and homoeostasis of the roots under compression. Excessive forces may act as a negative factor of this regulatory role. These results expand our knowledge on the function of cementocytes.
Application of projection algorithms to differential equations: boundary value problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Douglasâ€“Rachford method has been employed successfully to solve many kinds of nonconvex feasibility problems. In particular, recent research has shown surprising stability for the method when it is applied to finding the intersections of hypersurfaces. Motivated by these discoveries, we reformulate a second order boundary value problem (BVP) as a feasibility problem where the sets are hypersurfaces. We show that such a problem may always be reformulated as a feasibility problem on no more than three sets and is well suited to parallelization. We explore the stability of the method by applying it to several BVPs, including cases where the traditional Newtonâ€™s method fails. doi:10.1017/S1446181118000391
Metaphor Negotiation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the preceding chapter, we quoted a dialogue (cf. example 4, p. 127) from a conversation that took place in 1987 between the then presidents of the Soviet Union and West Germany, Mikhail Gorbachev and Richard von Weizsäcker. Both speakers employed the HOUSE-TENANCY scenario to express their views of international relations in Europe. It will serve us here again as a starting point to discuss the way in which metaphors function in dialogical argumentation. Despite the efforts of both speakers to show diplomatic agreement, their scenario versions show significant differences. Gorbachev emphasizes the AUTONOMY OF EACH APARTMENT by pointing out that not everyone might like to receive visitors at night. Weizsäcker, on the other hand, insists on the principle of reciprocal VISITING RIGHTS and refers to the East-West German border as a ditch that runs through one communal living room. This ditch seems to be the border between East and West Germany, which implies that Weizsäcker sees Germany as one (still divided) apartment. This implication does not necessarily match Gorbachev's understanding of the APARTMENT concept. In his view, all the European states as they existed in 1987 — including both the GDR and the FRG — need to be secure from visits at night.
High resolution electronic spectroscopy of uranium mononitride, UN

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The isoelectronic molecules UN and UO+ are known to have Ω = 3.5 and Ω = 4.5 ground states, respectively (where Ω is the unsigned projection of the electronic angular momentum along the internuclear axis). A ligand field theory model has been proposed to account for the difference [Matthew and Morse, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 184303 (2013)]. The ground state of UO+ arises from the U3+(5f3(4I4.5))O2− configuration. Owing to the higher nominal charge of the N3− ligand, the U3+ ion in UN is stabilized by promoting one of the 5f electrons to the more polarizable 7s orbital, reducing the repulsive interaction with the ligand and rendering U3+(5f27s(4H3.5))N3− the lowest energy configuration. In the present work, we have advanced the characterization of the UN ground state through studies of two electronic transitions, [18.35]4.5-X(1)3.5 and [18.63]4.5-X(1)3.5, using sub-Doppler laser excitation techniques with fluorescence detection. Spectra were recorded under field-free conditions and in the presence of static electric or magnetic fields. The ground state electric dipole moment [μ = 4.30(2) D] and magnetic ge-factor [2.160(9)] were determined from these data. These values were both consistent with the 5f27s configurational assignment. Dispersed fluorescence measurements were used to determine vibrational constants for the ground and first electronically excited states. Electric dipole moments and magnetic ge-factors are also reported for the higher-energy electronically excited states.
Design and Study of Acrylamide-based Photopolymer Holographic Optical Elements for Solar Application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Solar concentrators can be used to reduce the cost of photovoltaic electrical power generation by collecting incident solar radiation from a given aperture area and transmitting the energy to a reduced area. In doing so, the overall cost of power (Wp) can be reduced as less area of photovoltaic is required. This paper will discuss Holographic Solar Concentrators fabricated in an acrylamide photopolymer , describing the optical recording process and showing how the fabricated HOE’s can be used in solar concentrator devices. Preliminary lifetime studies are also discussed.
Methylsteroids. III. Reduction of ketones derived from lanosterol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The base catalysed hydrogen transfer from solvent alcohol to carbonyl groups is studied with 7,ll-dioxolanostan-3β-yl acetate (I ; R=Ac) and shown to give almost entirely 3β,7β,llβ-trihydroxylanostane (V ; R=R'=H) and the epimeric 3β,7-di-hydroxylanostan-11-ones (VI and VIII ; R=H). Generalizations are made to account for their formation and stereochemistry. The four 3β,7,11-trihydrosylanostanes are prepared.
Fiber-reinforced composites as a fixed space maintainer in case of primary tooth loss.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Restorative dentistry is continually changing, with ground-breaking treatments developing based on new materials, techniques, and technologies. Composite materials are a leading example, and the introduction of fiber reinforcement has further increased the possible uses of composites in restorative dentistry. Maintaining arch length during primary, mixed, and early permanent dentition is essential for the development of occlusion. In an effort to prevent future problems, appliances may be placed to retain space resulting from early loss of teeth. In case of primary teeth loss, fixed space maintainers are being used, but these are time consuming to fabricate, and incorporated wires may lead to soft tissue trauma. This clinical case uses fiber-reinforced composite as a space maintainer, thus reducing the time required to complete treatment. In spite of best efforts of practicing dentists, there still remains a large percentage of the population who do not present for treatment, except with pain or other condition. Unfortunately some of those individuals are children, who are not in a position to make the difficult decision to visit the dentist independently. Often by the time they are examined, there is no chance of saving the involved tooth, necessitating extraction and space maintenance. To prevent closure of space and arch length deficiency, appliances may be placed to retain space. Different appliances may be used for space maintenance, such as the removable and fixed space maintainers, but they are difficult and time consuming to construct. Also, the attention span of a child patient is insufficient for this treatment protocol. Considering these difficulties, the clinician could choose the option of a space maintainer, which is less time consuming to fabricate, and for which patient acceptance is optimal.
Towards Excellence in Gulbarga University Library, Karnataka : Impact of Commonwealth Professional Fellowship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fellowship programs are one of the means to enhance the skills and imbibe self confidence among the librarians to improve the quality of professional services for the benefit of user community in the academic and research setup. The author attempts to share his experiences and observations based on the Commonwealth Professional Fellowship received and its impact on home institution in incorporating the best possible innovative practices, technologies and services rendered in the academic libraries of United Kingdom.
The Flu Shot and the Egg

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVThe HubNEXTThe Flu Shot and the EggCertain flu shots are not always very effective. Could chicken eggs be the culprit?Leigh Krietsch BoernerLeigh Krietsch BoernerMore by Leigh Krietsch BoernerCite this: ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 2, 89–92Publication Date (Web):February 6, 2020Publication History Published online6 February 2020Published inissue 26 February 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00107https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00107newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views4641Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antigens,Genetics,Vaccination,Viruses Get e-Alerts
Successful Retrieval of a Kinked Thermal Filament of a Swan-Ganz Catheter: a Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheters enable continuous assessment of cardiac blood flow, left heart pressures, and oxygen delivery and consumption, with an uninterrupted view of cardiac function to facilitate proactive decisions in the most complex patients. However, complications of Swan-Ganz catheters have been continuously reported in clinical practice. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on prevention and treatment of Swan-Ganz catheter complications. This case presents successful management of an unusual complication, retrieval of a kinked thermal filament of a Swan-Ganz catheter in a 32-year-old male patient following liver transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a kinked thermal filament of a Swan-Ganz catheter. When the Swan-Ganz catheter was found to be difficult to withdraw, CT revealed that the Swan-Ganz catheter was kinked at the level of clavicle. Under X-ray guidance, the central venous catheter was first removed, followed by removal of the percutaneous introducer sheath, and finally the Swan-Ganz catheter was successfully withdrawn. This case report provides a successful procedure for the removal of the kinked Swan-Ganz catheter, and perspectives on the overall management, such as the possible need for CT examination when difficulty is encountered withdrawing a Swan-Ganz catheter.
Dermatoglyphic Patterns Among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the science that deals with the study of dermal ridge patterns on the digits, palms and soles as a whole. The present study is based on fingerprints related with the dermatoglyphic patterns of digits of hands. Apart from individual identification in institutions, it is also useful in forensic investigations to identify the criminals or dead bodies in accidental cases. This study aimed to find out the fingerprint patterns in right and left hands of undergraduate medical students. Methods: The study was performed in 200 students (97 males and 103 females) from first and second years of MBBS and B.Sc. nursing streams. The fingerprints were collected individually by pressing each of the finger tips on the stamp pad and then pressing it on A4 sized plain paper until the best finger print was observed. Results: Out of 2000 fingerprints, 1218(60.9%) were loops, 581 (29.05%) were whorls, 134(6.7%) were arches, and 67(3.35%) were composites. In males, there were 620 loops, 226 whorls, 98 arches and 26 composites whereas 602 loops, 351 whorls, 36 arches and 41 composites were found in females. Conclusion:The loop patterns were more common than other fingerprint patterns. Comparatively arches and loops were more common in males and whorls and composites in female.
Real-time water quality monitoring along the lower stretch of River Ganges and its connected drains using sensors and Water Quality Index

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this study, water quality is measured using a Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring System for a total of 84 times at 14 locations, in which four drains discharged sewage directly to river Ganges at Bihar, five locations on river Ganges at West Bengal, two tributaries of river Ganges at West Bengal and three drains discharged wastewater directly to river Ganges at West Bengal. In Bihar, four major drains discharged 377.98 MLD wastewater into the river Ganges which in turn released 8985.17 kg of BOD per day. In West Bengal, three major drains had a total flow of 1630.88 MLD that discharged 11563.77 kg of BOD per day to the River Ganges. The average Water Quality Index of the river Ganges was observed as 64.55 and that of drains of West Bengal and Bihar were recorded as 309.78 and 775.56, respectively. The average BOD to COD ratio of less than 0.6 indicated wastewater from drains of Bihar and West Bengal was nonbiodegradable. DO and pH values were recorded compliant with the bathing water quality standard at all river locations, however, the average BOD value at five monitoring points of the river Ganges and its tributaries was slightly above the bathing water quality standard.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Scutellaria orientalis L. subsp. virens (Boiss. Kotschy) J. R. Edm. from Turkey

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

virens (Boiss.& Kotschy) J. R. Edm (Lamiaceae) bitkisinin uçucu yağının kimyasal kompozisyonu belirlenmiştir.Uçucu yağ, bitkinin toprak üstü kısımlarından su distilasyonu ile elde edilmiş ve gaz kromatografisi -kütle spektrometresi ile analiz edilmiştir.Scutellaria orientalis subsp.virens bitkisinin uçucu yağının %89.29' ini oluşturan 33 bileşik tespit edilmiştir.β-Karyofillen (%22.08),γ-Kadinen (%19.92),Kamfen (%6.00) ve Kalaren (%5.94) uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri olarak belirlenmiştir.