jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
WHY DOES THE LESSER GREY SHRIKE (LANIUS MINOR) SELDOM STORE FOOD? DETERMINANTS OF IMPALING IN AN UNCOMMON STORING SPECIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hoarding behaviour in birds is well known, but some aspects, like variation in hoarding among closely related species, have received little attention. To explain this variation would help understand the evolution of hoarding and ecological aspects related to prey storing. Shrike species are ideal for this purpose, because hoarding is widespread in them but apparently varies too. Here we analyse impaling in one of these species, the lesser grey shrike, and try to unravel experimentally factors triggering and constraining such behaviour. Field data show that the lesser grey shrike seldom stores food under natural conditions. Longterm food surplus of valuable prey did not stimulate food storing. Hoarding was induced experimentally by offering birds a transient, spatially clumped food surplus. Repeated exposure of birds to experimental food surplus significantly increased the impaling rate. This suggests that low caching rates may be partly caused by lack of experience. Foraging successfully competed with hoarding, which was more frequent after satiation. Males also preferred to feed the female rather than to store food. We conclude that lesser grey shrikes hoard when the immediate food needs are satisfied as a result of a transient high prey availability, which probably occurs seldom in nature. This variable and a likely limitation on suitable places for impaling may result in few stimuli for shrikes to cache, and may thus constrain the birds' learning process. This may also result in the lesser grey shrike's low hoarding propensity compared to other shrike species.
“Chasing Rainbows” Beyond Kaposi Sarcoma’s Dermoscopy: A Mini-Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The dermoscopic rainbow pattern (RP), also known as polychromatic pattern, is characterized by a multicolored appearance, resulting from the dispersion of polarized light as it penetrates various tissue components. Its separation into different wavelengths occurs according to the physics principles of scattering, absorption, and interference of light, creating the optical effect of RP. Even though the RP is regarded as a highly specific dermoscopic indicator of Kaposi’s sarcoma, in the medical literature, it has also been documented as an atypical dermoscopic finding of other non-Kaposi skin entities. We aim to present two distinct cases—a pigmented basal cell carcinoma (pBCC) and an aneurysmatic dermatofibroma—that exhibited RP in dermoscopy and to conduct a thorough review of skin conditions that display RP, revealing any predisposing factors that could increase the likelihood of its occurrence in certain lesions. We identified 33 case reports and large-scale studies with diverse entities characterized by the presence of RP, including skin cancers (Merkel cell carcinoma, BCC, melanoma, etc.), adnexal tumors, special types of nevi (blue, deep penetrating), vascular lesions (acroangiodermatitis, strawberry angioma, angiokeratoma, aneurismatic dermatofibromas, etc.), granulation tissue, hypertrophic scars and fibrous lesions, skin infections (sporotrichosis and cutaneous leishmaniasis), and inflammatory dermatoses (lichen simplex and stasis dermatitis). According to our results, the majority of the lesions exhibiting the RP were located on the extremities. Identified precipitating factors included the nodular shape, lesion composition and vascularization, skin pigmentation, and lesions’ depth and thickness. These parameters lead to increased scattering and interference of light, producing a spectrum of colors that resemble a rainbow.
Disembodied Identity: Patriotism, Gender, and Homosexuality in Francis Poulenc’s Les Mamelles de Tirésias

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Francis Poulenc’s opéra bouffe Les Mamelles de Tirésias has been frequently characterized by critics and scholars as a light-hearted breath of relief following the Second World War. An analysis of the work in the context of twentieth-century French political discourse on reproduction, however, reveals a strong political subtext to the opera’s farcical story. Additionally, the opera’s irreverent portrayal of gender and sexuality contains many similarities with the composer’s own conflicted sexuality. This paper argues that Poulenc used Les Mamelles de Tirésias to publicly examine these grave issues, albeit in a typically ironic manner. Identità disincarnata: patriottismo, genere e omosessualità in Les Mamelles de Tirésias di Francis Poulenc L’opéra bouffe Les Mamelles de Tirésias di Francis Poulenc è stata di frequente caratterizzata da critici e studiosi come uno spensierato respiro di sollievo immediatamente successivo alla Seconda guerra mondiale. Tuttavia, un’analisi dell’opera contestualizzata nella coeva propaganda politica per l’incremento delle nascite rivela un forte legame con tali istanze. Inoltre, il suo irriverente ritratto del genere e della sessualità contiene molte similitudini col personale conflitto d’identità sessuale del compositore. L’articolo tende a dimostrare che Poulenc ha tentato, con Les Mamelles de Tirésias, di esplicitare una riflessione su questi due importanti temi, pur nella sua tipica maniera ironica.
Statistical Verification of Process Model Conformance to Execution Log Considering Model Abstraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Big data and IoT environments, process execution generates huge-sized data some of which is subsequently obtained by sensors. The main issue in such areas has been the necessity of analyzing data in order to suggest enhancements to processes. In this regard, evaluation of process model conformance to the execution log is of great importance. For this purpose, previous reports on process mining approaches have advocated conformance checking by fitness measure, which is a process that uses token replay and node-arc relations based on Petri net. However, fitness measure so far has not considered statistical significance, but just offers a numeric ratio. We herein propose a statistical verification method based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test to judge whether two different log datasets follow the same process model. Our method can be easily extended to determinations that process execution actually follows a process model, by playing out the model and generating event log data from it. Additionally, in order to solve the problem of the trade-off between model abstraction and process conformance, we also propose the new concepts of Confidence Interval of Abstraction Value (CIAV) and Maximum Confidence Abstraction Value (MCAV). We showed that our method can be applied to any process mining algorithm (e.g. heuristic mining, fuzzy mining) that has parameters related to model abstraction. We expect that our method will come to be widely utilized in many applications dealing with business process enhancement involving process-model and execution-log analyses.
Active Wave Vibration Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Active wave vibration control is particularly useful for one-dimensional structures or built-up structures that comprise one-dimensional structural elements, where a finite number of waves with given directions of propagation exist. The control of vibration waves can be feedforward, where a disturbance wave is detected and a control force is applied somewhere downstream to produce a destructive wave to cancel out the incoming wave or to absorb the associated vibration energy. A feedback controller can be designed to minimize the transmitted and/or reflected vibrations in a structure. In this chapter, collocated feedback wave control is studied, where the point control force and the measurement sensor are at the same location. Feedback wave controllers for suppressing longitudinal and bending vibration waves are designed, based on the Elementary longitudinal vibration theory and the Euler–Bernoulli bending vibration theory, respectively.
0451 Fully Automatic Detection of Sleep Disordered Breathing Events

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Evaluation of sleep apnea involves manual annotation of Polysomnography (PSG) file, a time-consuming process subject to interscorer variations. The DOSED algorithm has been shown to be helpful in detecting Central Sleep Apnea (CSA), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), and Hypopnea when merged into a single event type. This work uses a modified version of DOSED capable of detecting each event type separately. Methods The network consists of 3 blocks of 1D convolutional layers followed by 6 blocks of 2D convolutional layers. The network has 2 classification layers, one determines the probability of each class, and the other determines the start and duration time of the event with the highest probability. Four channels from nasal and mouth airflow and position of abdomen and thorax are used as input to the model. The model was trained using 2800 PSG from 4 different cohorts (MESA, MROS, SSC, WSC) and tested on 70 PSG, which have been scored by six technicians (Stanford, U Penn, St Louis). Results On an event by event basis, model F1-scores versus a weighted consensus score based on 6 technicians were 0.60 for OSA, 0.43 for CSA, and 0.34 for Hypopnea. Average F1-scores for the 6 technicians were 0.48 (std 0.04) for OSA, 0.29 (std 0.145) for CSA, and 0.54 (std 0.183) for Hypopnea, indicating that the model functions better on an event-by-event basis than an average technician. Correlations between indices/hr for central apnea, obstructive apnea, and hypopnea indicate excellent correlations for apneas, but poor correlation for hypopnea. We are now adding the snoring channel to explore if predictions can be improved. Conclusion The result shows that deep learning-based models can detect respiratory events with an accuracy similar to technicians. The poor agreement between technicians from different universities indicates that we need better definitions of hypopnea. Support
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Due to Candida Parapsilosis: A Rare Disease with High Mortality– A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fungal endocarditis is a comparatively rare form of endocarditis, accounting for only 1.3% to 6% of all cases of infectious endocarditis [1]. It carries a high mortality rate, as high as 50% [2]. Recommended treatment for fungal Endocarditis is combination of antifungal drugs and surgery.
Future of Video Forensics in IoT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today is the hour of Internet of things (IoT), as countless machines, for instance, vehicles, smoke alarms, smart wristwatches, smart glasses, and webcams, are being related to the Internet. The number of machines that have the feature of remote access to screen and accumulate data is endlessly growing. This improvement makes, on the one hand, the human life progressively pleasant and supportive, although it moreover raises, on other hand, issues on security. Nevertheless, this progression furthermore raises troubles for the modernized operator when IoT devices are studied for criminal investigations. All the while, IoT computerized video legal devices are not reinforced by existing progressed quantifiable contraptions and methodologies, making it difficult for experts to extract data from them without the assistance of a legitimate advisor with explicit data at the present time. Without a doubt, current research asks about the composing bases on security and insurance for IoT circumstances, instead of methodologies or techniques of video forensics obtainment or examination for IoT devices. Different edges related to IoT forensics, scene examination through video recording, and variables of IoT influencing crime scene investigation are discussed in this chapter. In this chapter, we are also emphasizing on the IoT video forensic applications, limitations in 114the currently available video forensic tools, as well as the future of this research.
Citizenship and political participation in post-Qaddafi Libya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The crisis of political participation in Libya is key to understanding the country's chaotic situation and designing its way out of it. As part of Qaddafi' social contract wherein citizens' political quiescence was exchanged for economic benefits, political participation was largely cosmetic. The 2011 revolution that ended his rule was expected to bring about inclusive political participation as a means of achieving the long-awaited democracy. This would be part of underwriting a new social contract. To this end, a Constitution Drafting Assembly (CDA) was elected. How to address political participation was challenging, as individuals and groups, notably Gaddafi loyalists and Islamists, have been the targets of exclusionary politics by key actors. The CDA, praiseworthily, approached the issue from an inclusive citizenship perspective; still, its draft, given Libya's current political crisis, is unlikely to become Libya's constitution anytime soon. At the core of this crisis are the same exclusionary politics. Initiatives to end this crisis should follow a similar inclusive approach, recognize the importance of the draft as a commendable effort towards writing Libya's new social contract, and accordingly include measures to put it to a public referendum preceded by a national dialogue.
Towards unified quality verification of synthetic count data with countsimQC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary Statistical tools for biological data analysis are often evaluated using synthetic data, designed to mimic the features of a specific type of experimental data. The generalizability of such evaluations depends on how well the synthetic data reproduce the main characteristics of the experimental data, and we argue that an assessment of this similarity should accompany any synthetic dataset used for method evaluation. We describe countsimQC, which provides a straightforward way to generate a stand-alone report that shows the main characteristics of (e.g. RNA-seq) count data and can be provided alongside a publication as verification of the appropriateness of any utilized synthetic data. Availability and implementation countsimQC is implemented as an R package (for R versions ≥ 3.4) and is available from https://github.com/csoneson/countsimQC under a GPL (≥2) license.
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Incidence and Risk Factor Analysis in Small for Gestational Age Neonates Compared to Appropriate for Gestational Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Objective: To analyze the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm neonates who were born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study among preterm neonates born <34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and <2000 grams birth weight (BW) was conducted. The neonates were divided into AGA and SGA group. Incidence of ROP and risk factors was compared among the groups. Result: 290 neonates were screened [AGA: 240 (82.8%); SGA: 50 (17.2%)]. The mean birth-weight and gestational age were 1510.7 ± 390.64 grams and 31.4 ± 4.8 weeks, respectively. The incidence of ROP in AGA and SGA was 30.2% and 33%, respectively ( P = 0.58), whereas the incidence of type 1 ROP in AGA and SGA was 14% and 19% ( P = 0.41). Male sex, anemia, oxygen administration, surfactant administration, sepsis, and PIH were independent significant risk factors for ROP on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: This study showed that both AGA and SGA premature infants have similar incidence of ROP. SGA is not an independent risk factor for ROP.
Fungicidal Interference during Infection Related Developmental Stages in Magnaporthe grisea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice blast, a serious epidemic disease that limits grain yield worldwide is caused by fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The present investigation was carried out to identify the probable avenues of interference by different fungicides during the critical stages of infection related morphogenesis of M. grisea. Effect of six fungicides at different stages of infection related morphogenesis showed variable results like interference in conidial germination, distortion of surface structure of the spores, interference in the germ tube elongation, interference in the transfer of the cell contents from spore to appresorrium, deformity in appressorial dome, interference in the melanin deposition. We speculate the critical stages at which these fungicides may interfere. The activity of immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) which is a potential antifungal agent was equated with all the fungicides used. We hypothesize that the exposure of the M. grisea spore to the fungicide may lead to the formation of a cyclophilin CYP1-fungicide complex, which inactivates calcineurin and prevents calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase signaling and is therefore one of the target of fungicidal interference. An understanding of how fungal pathogens break the protective barrier that comprise the surface of the host plant as well as precise identification of avenues of fungicidal interference during infection related development in M. grisea will lead to novel approach for controlling plant diseases.
Effects of antibacterial peptides on hematology indexes and oxygen free radicals of broilers under heat stress condition

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptides( AMP) on hematology indexes and oxygen free radicals of broiler chicken under heat stress condition. Methods 30 10-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three groups with 10 birds per group. The groups were control group( normal room temperature),heat stress group( simulate summer high temperature),and AMP treated group( 2 mg per bird) under heat stress condition. The chickens were treated with high temperature for 10 days,8 hours per day. Serum was collected after ten days. Results The results showed that whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,and packed cell volume of AMP treated group under heat stress condition had significant difference compared to heat stress group( P 0. 01); TP,GLO,GLU,ALT,AST and ALP of AMP treated group were significantly higher than those of heat stress group; TC,TG,UREA,LDL and HDL of AMP treated group were significantly lower than those of heat stress group. Comparison between AMP treated group and heat stress group revealed significantly increase of SOD and GSH-Px( P 0. 01),and decrease of MDA( P 0. 01). Conclusion In conclusion,AMP could modulate blood components and flowing deformation,improve humoral immunity,balance oxygen free radicals to resist heat stress. Therefore,AMP has the potential as immunomodulator in broiler production.
PROCESS CONTROL COMPUTERS APPLIED TO TRACK DIAGRAM INTERLOCKINGS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the control of trains, primarily pushbutton interlocking, automatic block installation and alphanumeric train describer systems designed in modern technology are available. By means of these facilities stagewise automation has been achieved in the railway signaling technique; further stages were tested in the Cybernetic Island Hannover, where the use of computers plays an essential role. The author treats the general problem of computer use for track diagram interlockings and describes the special functions and the technical solution.
Copper Electrodeposition on Textile for Wearable Electronics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two main tasks in fabricating a circuit is to pattern the interconnections and soldering elements to the patterned conductive traces. Using copper growth electrodeposition assisted by hydrogen evolution as a technique for integration of electronic elements and circuits in fabrics and flexible substrates particularly useful for soldering electronic components, representing an advantage over conventional methods and providing a high quality of the deposits requiring relatively inexpensive equipment. This method has shown high rate of deposition and formation of nanostructures, expected to anchor to the fibers of a fabric for enhanced stability of the structure. Moreover, the technique has proven to be reliable for soldering electronic components at room temperature. A copper pattern can be achieved over a MWCNTs coating by the copper growth deposition in the electrochemical cell after electrolysis is reached in the cell with the aqueous solution of Cu 2+ and H 2 SO 4 . Cu 2+ ions interact with hydrogen allowing the formation of the reaction product by the application of voltages above 1.0V. The electrodeposition parameters and the quality of the copper being deposited will be analyzed to find the optimum conditions for fast copper deposition and adhesion to the fabric structure and also will be tested for soldering simple electronic elements and it will be studied to be more resilient during laundry.
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AND NUTRIENT ON GASEOUS EXCHANGE AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA UNDER TROPOSPHERIC OZONE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted during 2020-21 and 2021-22 under FACE (Free air concentration enrichment) to assess the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nutrient on gaseous exchange and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under tropospheric ozone (O 3 ).Chickpea PUSA 3043 (Desi) crop grown with PGPR treated and untreated seed and three fertilizers doses (100% urea N, 75% urea N and 50% urea N) under ambient and elevated O 3 exposure.Gaseous exchange (Photosynthetic rate, Stomatal conductance, Transpiration rate) and yield (seed weight per plant) were negatively impacted under elevated ozone treatment.In seed yield under interaction treatment, the PGPR ameliorates the negative effects of elevated ozone by about 21% and 20% in both years.Thus, in our study the PGPR treated seed was able to ameliorate the negative impact of EO 3 exposure in chickpea crop.
Photography as Rhythm: On Prairie

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores Victor Burgin's Prairie through rhythm and the aesthetic conditions for constituting politically viable engagements with the image. The chapter posits rhythm as something simultaneously organising the relationship between the political and the aesthetic and as a principle that can undo that organisation. In this manner, the argument draws on Barthes' concept of 'zero degree' to render the contradictory and ultimately irreconcilable concerns of Burgin's projection pieces evoked and embodied by their rhythms. Drawing on writings by Sergei Eisenstein and many others, the chapter asks the following questions in relation to still and moving images: can we envision a rhythm that, at a juncture between the aesthetic and the political, does not operate as a principle of systematic organisation? What image of the past and of the collective would this other rhythm engender?
A Case of Hemorrhagic Colitis due to Escherichia coli O-157 with Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 16-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stool. Abdominal CT examination revealed marked symmetric wall thickening in the cecum, the ascending colon and the transverse colon. Colonoscopic findings showed severe mucosal hemorrhage with marked edema and narrowing of the cecum and ascending colon. Mucosal edema, redness, erosion and hemorrhage were observed from the cecum through the sigmoid colon. The severity of these findings tend to increase on the proximal side of the colon. Subsequently Escherichia coli O-157 was cultured in the stool and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was caused. Her symptoms and laboratory data improved with antibiotics, sufficient transfusion and diuretics. Escherichia coli O-157 infection bring about hemorrhagic colitis and HUS. The presence of O-157 in the stool culture is necessary for diagnosis, but it seems to be possible to suspect O-157 infection by knowing colonoscopic findings.