jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Historical Trend of Hydrocephalus Research at International Neuroscience Institute [INI, Hannover, Germany] and Report on 12 years’ Activities of Worldwide Help on Children with Hydrocephalus [WHOCH] Project

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Hydrocephalus research at INI, both in basic scientific and clinical research has been continuously and expansively performed nearly in last quarter of a century including the basic laboratory research at Nordstadt hospital in early 1990s. First, an experimental model of kaolin-induced cat/mouse was used to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and to create the clinically compatible animal models, such as with "Hydromyelic Hydrocephalus," "Experimental Syringomyelia Model," and other specific aspects of CSF circulation developing in the immature brain. Consequently, these works reached to one epoch-making hypothesis, "Evolution Theory of CSF dynamics" and "Minor CSF Pathway Hydrocephalus." In 2004, a new model of neuroendoscope with a new neuroendoscopic surgical concept was completed with collaboration of Karl Storz in Germany, first called "Oi-Samii Handy Pro." With this invention, the free-hand maneuvering surgical technique of the minimized world finest rigid-rod neuroendoscope with three working channels became a standard technique in neuroendoscopic surgery worldwide. At the basement research laboratory of INI, the intensive research works for the image-guided neuroendoscopy (image-guided neuroendoscopic surgery) was promoted by the clinical and research fellows supported by the "Samii-Oi Fellowship" both in Tokyo Jikei University Women's & Childrens' Medical Center (JWCMC). There were totally 13 fellows over 10 countries. There have been several dozens of research papers have been published in the major scientific journals by these fellows. Based on our hydrocephalus research at INI and the development of a new model of neuroendoscope, a clinico-social global project, namely "Worldwide Help on Children with Hydrocephalus [WHOCH]" was started and expanded worldwide in past 12 years. The international seminar and hands-on course for treatment of hydrocephalus with or without "Live Surgery" education were held among over 16 countries and 51 times. There were over 30 severe hydrocephalic children with various forms of hydrocephalus were treated in this series worldwide. This presentation will summarize the outcome of these activities and discuss the future subjects in hydrocephalus research in the international level.
Revealing microbial species diversity using sequence capture by hybridization

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Targeting small parts of the 16S rDNA phylogenetic marker by metabarcoding reveals microorganisms of interest but cannot achieve a taxonomic resolution at the species level, precluding further precise characterizations. To identify species behind operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of interest, even in the rare biosphere, we developed an innovative strategy using gene capture by hybridization. From three OTU sequences detected upon polyphenol supplementation and belonging to the rare biosphere of the human gut microbiota, we revealed 59 nearly full-length 16S rRNA genes, highlighting high bacterial diversity hidden behind OTUs while evidencing novel taxa. Inside each OTU, revealed 16S rDNA sequences could be highly distant from each other with similarities down to 85 %. We identified one new family belonging to the order Clostridiales , 39 new genera and 52 novel species. Related bacteria potentially involved in polyphenol degradation have also been identified through genome mining and our results suggest that the human gut microbiota could be much more diverse than previously thought.
Approaches to Improving the Selectivity of Nanozymes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nanozymes mimic enzymes and that includes their selectivity. To achieve selectivity, significant inspiration for nanoparticle design can come from the geometric and molecular features that make enzymes selective catalysts. The two central features enzymes use are control over the arrangement of atoms in the active site and the placing of the active site down a nanoconfined substrate channel. The implementation of enzyme‐inspired features has already been shown to both improve activity and selectivity of nanoparticles for a variety of catalytic and sensing applications. The tuning and control of active sites on metal nanoparticle surfaces ranges from simply changing the composition of the surface metal to sophisticated approaches such as the immobilization of single atoms on a metal substrate. Molecular frameworks provide a powerful platform for the implementation of isolated and discrete active sites while unique diffusional environments further improve selectivity. The implementation of nanoconfined substrate channels around these highly controlled active sites offers further ability to control selectivity through altering the solution environment and transport of reactants and products. Implementing these strategies together offers a unique opportunity to improve nanozyme selectivity in both sensing and catalysis.
Biobjective Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm Applied to Resonator Filters of Arbitrary Topology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm to synthesize the resonator filters of an arbitrary topology. In this approach the structure space is explored concerning predefined small building-blocks having specific functionalities (resonator or coupling) and rules for structural restrictions. The method used 2D representation, proposing new strong genetic operators and combining a biobejctive evolutionary algorithm to evolve topologies and local search to improve the circuit parameters. The results showed that the proposed method generates, with small populations and few generations, small well-structured circuits which accomplish the specifications. Two examples using building-blocks with elements R/L/C are presented and the characteristics were consistent with those circuits obtained by the conventional approach.
FIGURE 7 from Ultra High-plex Spatial Proteogenomic Investigation of Giant Cell Glioblastoma Multiforme Immune Infiltrates Reveals Distinct Protein and RNA Expression Profiles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>SPG exploration of gcGBM and GBM. <b>A,</b> Representative images of ROIs segmented into CD45<sup>+</sup>, GFAP<sup>+</sup>, or CD45<sup>−</sup>/GFAP<sup>−</sup>. Top differentially expressed protein targets (<b>B</b>) and RNA targets (<b>C</b>) from frontal lobe gcGBM as compared with GBM, all grade 4.</p>
Uluslararası Belgelerde İfade Özgürlüğü

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

People in the world living from day to day have enough security, nutrition, shelter, etc. in addition to meet the needs in the future, in order to meet these needs without interruption to act alone is insufficient, to come together and help each other can accomplish this are in communication with other people, thinking people have established communities. Here’s the idea description (Express) and the organization started its journey from this point on, starting with the historical. Over time people are multiplying families, families, society, societies, Nations have formed. Nations to secure their future, they have to protect the established States of the country. Their social security of the State, the economy, justice, health, social security, etc., to solve their problems, and to ensure that people’s happiness will conduct these services have established agencies
DAReN: A Collaborative Approach Towards Reasoning And Disentangling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computational learning approaches to solving visual reasoning tests, such as Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), critically depend on the ability to identify the visual concepts used in the test (i.e., the representation) as well as the latent rules based on those concepts (i.e., the reasoning). However, learning of representation and reasoning is a challenging and ill-posed task, often approached in a stage-wise manner (first representation, then reasoning). In this work, we propose an end-to-end joint representation-reasoning learning framework, which leverages a weak form of inductive bias to improve both tasks together. Specifically, we introduce a general generative graphical model for RPMs, GM-RPM, and apply it to solve the reasoning test. We accomplish this using a novel learning framework Disentangling based Abstract Reasoning Network (DAReN) based on the principles of GM-RPM. We perform an empirical evaluation of DAReN over several benchmark datasets. DAReN shows consistent improvement over state-of-the-art (SOTA) models on both the reasoning and the disentanglement tasks. This demonstrates the strong correlation between disentangled latent representation and the ability to solve abstract visual reasoning tasks.
Abstract P257: Obesity and Diabetes are Jointly Associated With Low Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Low Physical Activity in Adults With Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Engaging in unhealthy behaviors (poor diet, insufficient physical activity) increases risk for recurrent stroke, and can be compounded by obesity and diabetes. Although engaging in healthy behaviors is recommended for managing chronic conditions, the joint association of obesity and diabetes with diet and physical activity in stroke survivors is unknown. Purpose: To compare prevalences of low fruit and vegetable consumption (Low_FV, <1 fruit and <1 vegetable daily), low physical activity (Low_PA, <150 minutes of weekly moderate-intensity physical activity), and both Low_FV and Low_PA (Low_FV&PA) in stroke survivors, stratified by obesity-diabetes status (neither condition, obesity only, diabetes only, obesity & diabetes). Methods: Cross-sectional data from 32,876 noninstitutionalized, U.S. stroke survivors aged ≥45 years from the 2015 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were examined. Weighted, age-adjusted prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios (AOR, adjusted for age, sex, race, income, education, and marital status) and 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Prevalences and AORs are displayed in the Table. Prevalences of Low_FV and Low_PA exceeded 50% across obesity-diabetes groups. Prevalences were highest in respondents with obesity & diabetes and lowest in respondents with neither condition across outcome variables. Compared to respondents with neither condition, odds for Low_PA were increased for respondents with obesity & diabetes and obesity only; odds for Low_FV&PA were increased only for respondents with obesity & diabetes. Conclusions: Our results indicated a joint effect of obesity and diabetes with Low_PA and Low_FV&PA, placing stroke survivors with both chronic conditions at greatest risk for not engaging in protective health behaviors. Regardless of obesity-diabetes status, Low_FV and Low_PA exceeded 50%. Targeted interventions that modify these unhealthy behaviors should be explored for decreasing recurrent stroke risk among stroke survivors.
[Advanced cardiac life support outside the hospital in Reykjavik and the surrounding area 1987-1990].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) performed by the crew of the emergency ambulance in Reykjavik and surrounding area from 1987 to 1990 and compare these with results of previous studies. During these four years the crew of the emergency ambulance attempted resuscitation in 195 patients with cardiac arrest. Sixty-four (33%) patients were admitted to the CCU and ICU and 31 (16%) survived to be discharged from the hospital. Asystole was the most common initial arrhythmia, seen in 92 (47%) patients, ventricular fibrillation in 77 (40%) and ventricular tachycardia in four (2%). Other arrhythmias, such as electromechanical dissociation and agonal rhythm were seen in 22 cases (11%). Of those 31, who survived the attack, ventricular fibrillation was by far the most common arrhythmia seen in 23 patients, two had ventricular tachycardia and six asystole on the first rhythm strip. The mean response time of the emergency ambulance was 4.6 minutes, but 4.1 minute when the patient survived the attack. In this study there were relatively more patients with asystole and more cases happened at home than was the case in 1982 to 1986 when the emergency ambulance was not operated during nights or on Sundays and holidays. Witnesses to cardiac arrest are not present nearly as often at home and the results of ACLS at home are also not as good as of ACLS elsewhere. No significant difference is between the main results of this study and the first study of ACLS in the prehospital setting in Reykjavik (1).
Strange interferences: Modernism and conservatism vs. avant-garde, Hungary, 1910s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is a highly peculiar phenomenon in Hungarian — and perhaps in East and Central European — literature of the early 20th century that Avant-Garde tendencies started to gain some (weak) position parallel with the first wave of Modernism, and when they received — understandably — a rather hostile reaction on the part of Conservative (nationalistic, traditional, anti-Western) literary circles, their reception on the part of the evolving Modernist literature was not much more friendly either. Strangely enough, besides some signals of solidarity and sympathy, the criticisms of Modernism turned against Avant-Garde were in harmony with those formulated by the Conservative circles. However, as the Latin saying goes, “duo cum faciunt idem, non est idem” (that is, when two do the same thing, it is not the same thing) — despite the apparent interference of Modernist and Conservative criticisms aimed against Avant-Garde tendencies, the position of the actors in question was radically different. In what follows, I give a short account of the Avant-Gardists’ debate with their Modernist contemporaries and an even shorter account of their debate with their Conservative adversaries.
Expression of syndecan-1 is induced by differentiation and suppressed by malignant transformation of human keratinocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Syndecans comprise a family of integral membrane proteoglycans that presumably participate in cell-matrix interactions and the modulation of growth factor response. Expression of syndecan-1, a cell surface proteoglycan that binds basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and extracellular matrix components, was studied in cultured human keratinocytes from the oral mucosa and in tissue sections derived from various epithelia and carcinomas of the head and neck. For the study, polyclonal antibodies were raised against the core protein of human syndecan-1. The affinity-purified antibody (designated anti-P117) was shown to react specifically with syndecan-1. Abundant expression of syndecan-1 was detected in frozen sections of various stratified epithelia as well as in cultured keratinocytes. Keratinocytes located in the spinous cell layers showed intense immunoreactivity for syndecan-1, while basal cells stained rather weakly, suggesting that the expression of syndecan-1 could be stimulated during the differentiation of keratinocytes. Cultured human keratinocytes were induced to terminally differentiate by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration of the medium. Parallel to the induction of involucrin expression, the mRNA levels of syndecan-1 were found to increase, suggesting that syndecan-1 is indeed induced during keratinocyte differentiation. The molecular mass and glycosaminoglycan composition of syndecan-1 did not change markedly during calcium-induced differentiation. Malignant transformation was associated with marked reduction of syndecan-1 expression, based on the immunoreactivity of anti-P117 in frozen sections from squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LipidQuant 1.0: automated data processing in lipid class separation–mass spectrometry quantitative workflows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary We present the LipidQuant 1.0 tool for automated data processing workflows in lipidomic quantitation based on lipid class separation coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lipid class separation workflows, such as hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography or supercritical fluid chromatography, should be preferred in lipidomic quantitation due to the coionization of lipid class internal standards with analytes from the same class. The individual steps in the LipidQuant workflow are explained, including lipid identification, quantitation, isotopic correction and reporting results. We show the application of LipidQuant data processing to a small cohort of human serum samples. Availability and implementation The LipidQuant 1.0 is freely available at Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5151201 and https://holcapek.upce.cz/lipidquant.php. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Team identification and individual differentiation under social capital: Interactive effects on performance in R&D teams

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study developed a complementary perspective in how team identification and individual differentiation interact to influence performance in RD whereas constraint adherence of R&D teams was highest when team members strongly identified with their work team and with themselves under a high level of cognitive or relational capital. Theoretical implications and suggestions for managers in R&D team settings are also discussed.

Key words: Team identification, individual differentiation, social capital, innovation, constraint adherence, R&D team.
Child Abuse, Substance Use and Dating Victimization in a Sample of Female Juvenile Delinquents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The relations among physical and sexual abuse, alcohol and drug use, and dating violence were investigated in a sample of female juvenile delinquents. Various reasons for drinking and their associations with frequency of alcohol use were also explored. Data used in the current investigation were obtained at a state correctional facility for female juveniles in Indiana. The results indicated that physical and sexual abuse were associated with dating victimization in this sample. Further, greater frequency of drug use was associated with having a greater number of abusive romantic partners after controlling for total number of partners. The reasons for drinking assessed in this study differentially predicted frequency of alcohol use. Race/ethnicity differences were detected for several of the variables under investigation and these results are compared to the findings of prior empirical studies. The implications of these findings for future research and for meeting the specific programming needs of female juvenile delinquents are discussed.
Peluang dan tantangan hadirnya Madrid system di Indonesia = The opportunity and challenge of Madrid system presence in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Trademarks are inseparable from international trade and how companies maintain product safety for the innovation and creativity produced. However, cases of trademarks that still occur are increasingly opening the awareness of the government and stakeholders to the importance of trademarks. The Madrid System that was initiated by WIPO provides an ease and alternative for businesses including Indonesia in facilitating their brand registration through DJKI. This study aims to identify Indonesia's interest in ratifying the Madrid System, describing opportunities that can arise with the presence of the Madrid System in Indonesia, and describing the challenges that must be faced both before and after the ratification of the Madrid System in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods supported by neoliberal theory. The theory of neoliberal is supported by several concepts including international regimes, international organizations, national interests, and free trade. The presence of the Madrid System in Indonesia opens a great opportunity for the government to achieve the interests of the country and Indonesian business people to expand the economy, especially with the promotion of competitiveness not only in the domestic but also in the international sphere. Opportunities and challenges arising from the ratification of the Madrid System are expected to be a guide for Indonesia as a positive step in advancing Indonesia. / Merek dagang tidak terlepas dari perdagangan internasional dan bagaimana perusahaan menjaga keamanan produk atas inovasi dan kreativitas yang dihasilkan. Namun dengan kasus-kasus mengenai merek dagang yang masih terjadi semakin membuka kesadaran pemerintah dan para pelaku usaha atas pentingnya merek dagang. Madrid System yang dicetuskan oleh WIPO memberikan suatu kemudahan dan alternatif bagi para pelaku usaha termasuk Indonesia dalam mempermudah pendaftaran merek mereka melalui DJKI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kepentingan Indonesia dalam meratifikasi Madrid System, menggambarkan peluang-peluang yang dapat timbul dengan hadirnya Madrid System di Indonesia, dan memaparkan tantangan-tantangan yang harus dihadapi baik sebelum maupun setelah diratifikasinya Madrid System di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang didukung dengan teori neoliberalisme. Teori neoliberalisme ini didukung dengan beberapa konsep di antaranya rezim internasional, organisasi internasional, kepentingan nasional, dan perdagangan bebas. Dengan hadirnya Madrid System di Indonesia membuka kesempatan besar bagi pemerintah untuk mencapai kepentingan negara dan pelaku usaha Indonesia untuk memperluas perekonomian terutama dengan terdorongnya daya saing tidak hanya dalam lingkup domestik namun juga internasional. Peluang dan tantangan yang timbul atas diratifikasinya Madrid System diharapkan dapat menjadi pegangan bagi Indonesia sebagai langkah positif dalam memajukan Indonesia.
Volatile Aroma Composition of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Flower Oil

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The aroma constituents of Chrysanthemum indicum L. were separated by the hydro distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower oil was 2.0% (w/w) and the color was light golden yellow. Sixty-three volatile flavor components, which make up 89.28% of the total aroma composition of the flower oil, were tentatively characterized. This essential oil contained 35 hydrocarbons (48.75%), 12 alcohols (19.92%), 6 ketones (15.31%), 3 esters (4.61%), 5 aldehydes (0.43%), 1 oxide (0.22%), and 1 miscellaneous component (0.04%). α-Pinene (14.63%), 1,8-cineol (10.71%) and chrysanthenone (10.01%) were the predominant volatile components in Chrysanthemum indicum L., an aromatic medicinal herbaceous plant.