jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Invasion and Metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cancer is usually diagnosed and treated when it is too late for local therapeutic strategies and most patients already harbour occult or overt metastasis. Metastatic dissemination can occur via lymphatic and vascular systems and represents the final stage of a disease process that can evolve over 5–20 years. Unrestrained growth by itself does not cause metastasis; additional genetic mutations over and above those that cause uncontrolled proliferation are needed. Less than 0.05% of circulating tumour cells are successful in initiation and development of a metastatic process. Metastatic distribution varies widely with histological type and anatomical location of the primary tumour. The organ preference for metastatic colonization is strongly influenced by communications between the circulating tumour cells and the target host tissue through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Moreover the presence of the new malignant cells within the invaded host tissue is associated with a local reorganization of the stroma, blood vessels, lymphatics, and epithelial morphology. Host cells contribute to enzymes and cytokines that promote tumour cell survival and invasion. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular cross‐talk between tumour cells and host cells at the invasion front. Several molecules including cytokines, growth and motility factors, matrix components, and degradative enzymes are thought to be required for the invasion process. Based on the cellular and extracellular context of the microenvironment, cytokines, stromal elements, and immune factors may promote or retard cancer pathogenesis. Invasion is dependent on the coordinated activity of a series of interacting proteins extending from the inside of the cell to the cell surface and the adjacent host cellular and extracellular microenvironment. Cellular adhesion, local proteolysis at the cell surface and of the extracellular matrix, and motility are the triad of necessary functions that mediate invasion. Normal tissue morphology and organ architecture are tightly regulated by a communication reciprocity between the tissue cells and the extracellular matrix and/or basement membrane. Instead of being autonomous, malignant cells communicate extensively with other cells and the extracellular matrix. Moreover, the transition from normal epithelium to invasive carcinoma is sturdily associated with activation of local host vascular elements, stromal fibroblasts, and matrix turnover. Locally activated vascular channels at the invasive edge of the tumour are highly permeable and offer a reduced barrier for intravasation. The transformation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal elements plays an important role in the promotion of the invasive phenotype. Tumour cells that successfully invade and metastasize are selected out because somatic genetic progression has resulted in an altered communication circuit that continues to call up and support invasion and survival.
APPLICATIONS OF THE INNOVATIVE DIGITAL WALL SYSTEM IN THE TRAINING OF SENIOR HANDBALL PLAYERS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This document shows us that we live in an era of digitization and information, digital transformation dominates all technological developments having significant impact in all economic and social fields. In this context, of the ever-evolving digital age, the field of performance sports is witnessing a fundamental change in the way training and preparation processes are approached. The aim is to use a training model as effective as possible, which leads to the improvement of athletes' performances in the shortest possible time.
DRY MERGERS AND THE FORMATION OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: CONSTRAINTS FROM LENSING AND DYNAMICS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dissipationless (gas-free or "dry") mergers have been suggested to play a major role in the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies, particularly in growing their mass and size without altering their stellar populations. We perform a new test of the dry merger hypothesis by comparing N-body simulations of realistic systems to empirical constraints provided by recent studies of lens early-type galaxies. We find that major and minor dry mergers: i) preserve the nearly isothermal structure of early-type galaxies within the observed scatter; ii) do not change more than the observed scatter the ratio between total mass M and "virial" mass R_e*sigma/2G (where R_e is the half-light radius and sigma the projected velocity dispersion); iii) increase strongly galaxy sizes [as M^(0.85+/-0.17)] and weakly velocity dispersions [as M^(0.06+/-0.08)] with mass, thus moving galaxies away from the local observed M-R_e and M-sigma relations; iv) introduce substantial scatter in the M-R_e and M-sigma relations. Our findings imply that, unless there is a high degree of fine tuning of the mix of progenitors and types of interactions, present-day massive early-type galaxies cannot have assembled more than ~50% of their mass, and increased their size by more than a factor ~1.8, via dry merging.
Ontology based data warehouse modelling - a methodology for managing petroleum field ecosystems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Petroleum field ecosystems offer an interesting and productive domain for ontology based data warehousing model and methodology development. This paper explains the opportunities and challenges confronting modellers, methodologists, and managers operating in the petroleum business and provides some detailed techniques and suggested methods for constructing and using the ontology based warehouse.Ecologically sensitive operations such as well drilling, well production, exploration, and reservoir development can be guided and carefully planned based on data mined from a suitable constructed data warehouse. Derivation of business intelligence, simulations and vizualisation can also be driven by online analytical processing based on warehoused data and metadata.
Translation and psychometric performance of the Serbian version of the Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL®) questionnaire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Objective. The Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoLR) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure specific to sarcopenia. The objective was to translate the SarQoLR questionnaire from English into Serbian and to investigate its psychometric performance. Methods. A five-stage forward-backward methodology with pre-test was used to translate the questionnaire. The validation sample in this study consisted of elderly, community-dwelling volunteers of both sexes. Three methods were used to screen for and diagnose sarcopenia: the SARC-F questionnaire (high/ low risk), low handgrip strength [probable sarcopenia in the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) algorithm], and the complete EWGSOP2 criteria. We investigated the questionnaire?s discriminative power, internal consistency, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effects. Results. The SarQoLR questionnaire was translated into Serbian. The validation study included 699 participants. In total, 200 participants were considered to be at high risk of sarcopenia by the SARC-F, 84 were diagnosed with low handgrip strength and 12 were confirmed to be sarcopenic. We did not find significantly lower overall QoL scores using the EWGSOP2 criteria (60.31 vs. 64.60; p = 0.155). We did find lower scores for the probably sarcopenic group (52.80 vs. 65.50; p < 0.001) and the high-risk group (50.91 vs. 69.02; p < 0.001). The Cronbach?s ? coefficient was 0.87, indicating a high internal consistency. Construct validity was adequate, with 75% of hypotheses on expected correlations with the SF-36 and EQ-5D questionnaires confirmed. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusion. We successfully translated the SarQoLR into Serbian, and showed that it is a valid tool for measuring QoL in the community-dwelling elderly.
The Influence of Marketing on Instagram and Ewom Social Media on Purchase Decisions is Mediated by Brand Trust at Fore Coffee Ngagel Surabaya

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the impact of marketing through social media, Instagram, and Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) on purchasing decisions, considering the mediating roles of Brand image and Brand trust at the Fore Coffee branch in Ngagel, Surabaya. The method used in this research is quantitative with a survey approach, where the questionnaire is the primary data collection tool. The obtained data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the assistance of WarpPLS 7.0 software. The results indicate that Instagram and EWOM positively and significantly influence purchasing decisions directly and indirectly through Brand image and Brand trust. Instagram contributes 27.6% to purchasing decisions, while EWOM contributes 14.8%. Additionally, Brand image and Brand trust act as mediators in the influence of Instagram and EWOM on purchasing decisions, with contributions of 22% and 23.1%, respectively. This research provides practical implications for Fore Coffee in optimizing marketing strategies through Instagram and enhancing service quality to maintain customer satisfaction.
Rank Estimation for Mean Residual Life Transformation Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new and important class of mean residual life regression model, which is called the mean residual life transformation model. The link function is assumed to be unknown and increasing in its second argument, but it is permitted to be not differentiable. The mean residual life transformation model encompasses the proportional mean residual life model, the additive mean residual life model, and so on. Under maximum rank correlation estimation, we present the estimation procedures, whose asymptotic and finite sample properties are established. The consistent variance can be estimated by a resampling method via perturbing the U -statistics objective function repeatedly which avoids the usual sandwich choice. Monte Carlo simulations reveal good finite sample performance and the estimators are illustrated with the Oscar data set.
Bilateral idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 35-year-old woman presented to the surgery outpatient department with a lump in her right breast for 2 months and pain for 1 month. After clinical examination and relevant investigations, we kept a working diagnosis of antibioma. The lump was excised under local anaesthesia and biopsy was sent. However, histopathological examination reported multiple non-caseating granulomas without acid-fast bacilli. Two months later, she developed a sinus with serous discharge at the scar site. At the same time, she developed pain in the left upper breast, which subsequently progressed to an abscess. Incision and drainage of the abscess was done, but the wound did not heal, and a discharging sinus appeared at the site. Finally, a diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis was made, after excluding all other causes, and the patient was prescribed oral steroids. She recovered fully after 8 months and there is no recurrence till date.
Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We develop a theoretical model of, and provide the first large-sample evidence on, the behavior and impact of non-practicing entities (NPEs) in the intellectual property space.Our model shows that NPE litigation can reduce infringement and support small inventors.However, the model also shows that as NPEs become effective at bringing frivolous lawsuits, the resulting defense costs inefficiently crowd out some firms that, absent NPEs, would produce welfare-enhancing innovations without engaging in infringement.Our empirical analysis shows that on average, NPEs appear to behave as opportunistic patent trolls.NPEs sue cash-rich firms-a one standard deviation increase in cash holdings roughly doubles a firm's chance of being targeted by NPE litigation.We find moreover that NPEs target cash unrelated to the alleged infringement at essentially the same frequency as they target cash related to the alleged infringement.By contrast, cash is neither a key driver of intellectual property lawsuits by practicing entities (e.g., IBM and Intel), nor of any other type of litigation against firms.We find further suggestive evidence of NPE opportunism, such as forum shopping and targeting of firms that may have reduced ability to defend themselves against litigation.We find that NPE litigation has a real negative impact on innovation at targeted firms: firms substantially reduce their innovative activity after settling with NPEs (or losing to them in court).Moreover, we neither find any markers of significant NPE pass-through to end innovators, nor of a positive impact of NPEs on innovation in the industries in which they are most prevalent.
A Learning Robust and Discriminative Shape Descriptor for Plant Species Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Plant identification based on leaf images is a widely concerned application field in artificial intelligence and botany. The key problem is extracting robust discriminative features from leaf images and assigning a measure of similarity. This study proposes an effective, robust shape descriptor to identify plant species from images of their leaves, which we call the high-level triangle shape descriptor (HTSD). First, we extract a leaf image's external contour and internal salient point information. We then use triangle features to describe the leaf contour, which we call the contour point based on triangle features (CPTFs). The internal information of the leaf image is based on salient point triangle features (SPTFs). The third step is to apply the Fisher vector to encode the two kinds of point-based local triangle features into the HTSD. Finally, we employ the simple euclidean distance to calculate the dissimilarities between the HTSD characteristics of leaf images. We have extensively evaluated the proposed approach on several public leaf datasets successfully. Experimental results show that our method has superior recognition accuracy, outperforming current state-of-the-art shape-based and deep-learning plant identification approaches.
The effects of herbal medicines on cancer therapy‐induced oral mucositis: A literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer therapy‐induced oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most troublesome morbidities after radio‐chemotherapy. Age, nutritional status, tumor type, oral hygiene, and treatment method are the determinants for OM incidence. In addition, oxygen‐free radicals can act as a trigger for an inflammatory milieu that causes OM. Based on the debilitating nature of OM, finding a safe and inexpensive agent with anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, and antioxidative properties can be valuable for this situation. Considering the harmful effects of some chemical agents, herbal medicine has been suggested as a potential alternative owing to unique properties such as safety, availability and low cost. Many studies have illustrated several pharmacological properties of herbal medicines in recent years, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, and antioxidative activities, which are essential factors in the palliation of cancer therapy‐induced OM. This review aimed to evaluate herbal medicines' effects on cancer therapy‐induced OM. According to this comprehensive review, it is concluded that medicinal plants and phytochemicals can be used as practical agents in the palliation of cancer therapy‐induced OM without any serious side effects.
Hybrid power amplifiers - a review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the aim of synthesizing high-fidelity voltage waveforms without penalizing the system efficiency, several works have proposed hybrid power amplifiers (HPAs) composed of linear and switching amplifiers, combining the features of each approach. The HPAs can be classified as envelope, parallel and series configurations, depending on how the connection between the linear and switching amplifiers is implemented. This way, through a fair review of literature, this work identifies the features of each configuration and presents the main topologies and control techniques proposed hitherto. Therefore, this paper can be useful for selecting an adequate hybrid arrangement for a given application. Finally, future trends in research in hybrid power amplifiers are also addressed.
Nutritional Status of urban primary school children in Meerut

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To study the nutritional status of primary school children (5-11 years) in urban Meerut. Study Design: Crosssectional. Setting: Govt. Primary Schools of Urban Meerut. Participants: 800 school children (5-11 years). Methodology: Out of a list of all govt. primary schools, 5 were randomly chosen. Students aged 5-11 years were included in the study. Weight and height of the children were recorded on a pretested Performa and were analysed. Statistical Analysis: percentages and Chisquare test. Result: Out of 800, 396 children (49.5 %) were found be malnourished. Grade I malnutrition was most common (35.5%) followed by grade II (11.4%) and grade III (2.6%) malnutrition.. Wasting was found in 44.6% children (46.3% girls and 43.2% boys) out of which 1.2% children showed severe degree of wasting. Stunting was found in 43.8% children (46.0% girls and 41.8% boys). Conclusion: Malnutrition can make learning difficult and can seriously hamper the educational process and the child’s intellectual growth. Promoting appropriate dietary habits through effective nutrition education is an effective preventive method. Main focus should be on qualitative and quantitative improvements on the diets (increased intake of energy, protein, micronutrients) with increased awareness on importance of preventing under nutrition.
The first record on Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus as host plants of ragweed leaf beetle (Ophraella communa L.) in Serbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

So far, the confirmed host plants of the ragweed leaf beetle in Serbia belonged to the genus Ambrosia (Ambrosia artemisifolia, A. trifida). At one locality Tošin bunar (Bežanija, Belgrade, Serbia) the first case of Ophraella communa adults feeding on leaves of Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus was recorded in Serbia. The number of specimens of O. communa on H. decapetalus was ranging between 1 and 18 specimens per plant, while on X. strumarium it was up to 10 adult specimens. While the plants of ragweed had up to 100% damaged leaves, the leaves of X. strumarium and H. decapetalus had leaf damage less than 10-15% per plant. Considering our findings of the insect feeding on spontaneous allochthonous plant species H. decapetalus, seasonal monitoring of O. communa is recommended especially in the fields where the sunflower (Helianthus annus) is widely cultivated. Monitoring of O. communa on the other plant species of Astereae, especially on allochthonous species originating from North America which share the same natural habitats with the ragweed leaf beetle is also recommended.
Bibliography

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book is a history of an illusion. It is also a history of the dream that preceded the illusion. The book discusses statistics as the field of tension between the scientific claims of neutrality and universality on the one hand and the political and economic reality of the conflicting interests of nation-states on the other. The various paths of state- and nation-building that European countries traversed in the nineteenth century are recognisable in the objectives of government statistics and are reflected in the topics selected for statistical study and in the categories used in the research. Each congress was clearly dominated by the specific interests of the country in which the statisticians convened. The book shows in each case how the organisation of government statistics and national concerns influenced the international agenda. It describes the perceptions, goals and dilemmas of the protagonists and their contact with each other, and in so doing unravels the complex relationships between science, government and society, wherever possible from their point of view. The genesis of international statistics was inspired by a desire for reform. Belgium's pioneering role in the European statistical movement was informed both by its liberal polity and the special status of statistics within it, and by Adolphe Quetelet's key position as an intellectual. The consolidation of the Grand Duchy of Baden, a new medium-sized state in the Rhine Confederation and later in the German Confederation, offered great opportunities for the development of official statistics.
Internal and forced ocean variability in the Mediterranean Sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Two types of variability are discernible in the ocean: a response to the atmospheric forcing and the so-called internal/intrinsic ocean variability, which is associated with internal instabilities, nonlinearities, and the interactions between processes at different scales. Producing an ensemble of 20 multiyear ocean simulations of the Mediterranean Sea, initialized with different realistic initial conditions but using the same atmospheric forcing, the study examines the intrinsic variability in terms of its spatial distribution and seasonality. In general, the importance of the external forcing decreases with depth but dominates in extended shelves such as the Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of Gabes. In the case of temperature, the atmospheric forcing plays a major role in the uppermost 50 m of the water column during summer and the uppermost 100 m during winter. Additionally, intrinsic variability displays a distinct seasonal cycle in the surface layers, with a prominent maximum at around 30 m depth during the summer connected to the summer thermocline formation processes. Concerning current velocity, the internal variability has a significant influence at all depths.
Cicer arietinum L. AGG 50731 CHIC

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cicer arietinum L.
Common name(s): Chickpea
Other names: IG 70348
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 50731 CHIC
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2017-03-29
Other identifiers: n/a,ILC 5693
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
RECENT PLANT INVASIONS IN THE ARID AND SEMI-ARID SOUTHWEST OF THE UNITED STATES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Several plant communities in the Southwest have been drastically altered within a century by the rapid spread of a small number of woody species. The habitats principally affected have been the plateaus and plains at intermediate elevations, which formerly supported grassland and have now been invaded on a massive scale by mesquite and other native shrubs, and the stream courses, which have been extensively occupied by tamarisk, an alien species from Eurasia. Historical evidence and field observations suggest that these invasions have resulted primarily from occupation of the Southwest by American settlers. The development of commercial livestock ranching led to increased seed dispersal, overgrazing, and the suppression of grass fires, the combined effects of which favored the invasion of grassland by woody plants. Short-term climatic fluctuations towards greater aridity have tended to accentuate rather than to initiate the processes of invasion. The spread of tamarisk is owing mainly to changes in stream regime resulting from the creation of reservoirs. The history of recent plant invasions in the Southwest illustrates how man may unintentionally bring about rapid and profound ecological changes in dry areas by the introduction of new systems of land use.