jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research on Melting and Solidification Process of Phase Change Storage Energy Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Investigate a melting and solidification of heat storage and release which used in building retaining structure, material of storage energy and phase change. In the process of phase change, liquid phase is used as two ways of heat exchange: pure heat conduction and natural convection, and we exploit CFD software to carry out numerical simulation. To compare and analyze under melt and solidification, the proportion of solid and liquid, the time of phase change, the interface of phase change and motion temperature image of liquid-region. To probe into the effect of natural convection under the heat transfer from phase change and the impact of regulation of by heating and cooling conditions, and it verified by experiments.
Chondroitin Sulfate Modifications. I. Carboxyl-reduced Chondroitin and Chondrosine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChondroitin Sulfate Modifications. I. Carboxyl-reduced Chondroitin and ChondrosineM. L. Wolfrom and Bienvenido O. JulianoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 7, 1673–1677Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01492a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01492a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Additional file 2: of Multimorbidity: can general practitioners identify the health conditions most important to their patients? Results from a national cross-sectional study in Switzerland

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Table S2. a Agreement as per the 46 groups of conditions (N = 572). Table S2. b Agreement as per the chapters of the ICPC-2 classification (N = 585). (DOCX 20 kb)
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the reactions between metals (Cr, Ti, Al) and polymers (triazine and polyimide)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The adsorption and reaction of Cr, Ti, and Al on polymers (triazine and polyimide) has been studied to understand and improve the adhesion of metals to polymers in microelectronics applications. The strength of adhesion of these metals to polymers increases in the order Cr > Ti ≫ Al. Cr forms stable complexes with aromatic π-systems and reacts with oxygen-containing moieties on the polymer surfaces, and these complexes are stable. Ti, on the other hand, reacts to form sigma bonds with oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon; the bonds with carbon and nitrogen are easily oxidized. Finally, Al reacts only with oxygen. Metallic aluminum is easily oxidized and the interface degrades. Cr, Al, and Ti all formed films by nucleating clusters at reactive sites on the polymer surfaces. The nucleated films continue to grow until they coalesce into a continuous film.
Preservice Teachers' Awareness of Multiculturalism and Diversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the present study, we attempted to replicate an earlier study (Larke, 1990) that sought to estimate preservice teachers' general awareness of cultural differences. Data from 99 preservice teachers who completed the Cultural Diversity Awareness Inventory were utilized to examine the extent to which teacher education programs were helping future teachers to become more multiculturally competent. Using the Larke study as a foundation, results from the present study revealed that preservice teachers' attitudes about cultural diversity improved. The article concludes with discussion and implications for preservice teachers and teacher education programs.
Genetic and Serological Survey of Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in South Korea

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, has been reported in various wildlife species, with the potential to impact populations. While it has been documented in some wildlife species and domestic animals, it has not been previously reported in wild boars in South Korea. In March and April 2022, skin samples from nine wild boars and one raccoon dog with suspected sarcoptic mange were submitted to the NIWDC. These samples were tested and confirmed the presence of S. scabiei in six wild boars and one raccoon dog. Genetic analysis of the cox-1 gene from mites indicated that the gene was identical and belonged to the same haplotype in both host species. Serological survey of 658 wild boars, collected from March 2022 to February 2023, revealed a nationwide seroprevalence of 5.47%. The highest seroprevalence was in Gyeongsangnam-do (9.82%); however, regional differences in seroprevalence across the country were not statistically significant, suggesting the disease may be endemic across South Korea. Seroprevalence was highest in spring (16.84%), likely due to increased contact during winter. This study provides fundamental data on the genetic characteristics and distribution of S. scabiei mites in South Korean wild boars, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance to prevent further spread.
Why Genetic Effects of Radiation are Observed in Mice but not in Humans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetic effects from radiation have been observed in a number of species to date. However, observations in humans are nearly nonexistent. In this review, possible reasons for the paucity of positive observations in humans are discussed. Briefly, it appears likely that radiation sensitivity for the induction of mutations varies among different genes, and that the specific genes that were used in the past with the specific locus test utilizing millions of mice may have simply been very responsive to radiation. In support of this notion, recent studies targeting the whole genome to detect copy number variations (deletions and duplications) in offspring derived from irradiated spermatogonia indicated that the mutation induction rate per genome is surprisingly lower than what would have been expected from previous results with specific locus tests, even in the mouse. This finding leads us to speculate that the lack of evidence for the induction of germline mutations in humans is not due to any kind of species differences between humans and mice, but rather to the lack of highly responsive genes in humans, which could be used for effective mutation screening purposes. Examples of such responsive genes are the mouse coat color genes, but in human studies many more genes with higher response rates are required because the number of offspring examined and the radiation doses received are smaller than in mouse studies. Unfortunately, such genes have not yet been found in humans. These results suggest that radiation probably induces germline mutations in humans but that the mutation induction rate is likely to be much lower than has been estimated from past specific locus studies in mice. Whole genome sequencing studies will likely shed light on this point in the near future.
Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, allergy and lung function development until early adulthood: A systematic literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background It is unclear in which periods of life lung function deficits develop, and whether these are affected by risk factors such as asthma, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) and allergic comorbidity. The goal of this systematic review was to identify temporal associations of asthma, BHR and allergic comorbidity with large and small lung function development from birth until peak function in early adulthood. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL for papers published before 01.01.2020 on risk factors and lung function measurements of large and small airways. Studies were required to report lung function at any time point or interval from birth until peak lung function (age 21‐26) and include at least one candidate risk factor. Results Of the 45 papers identified, 44 investigated cohorts and one was a clinical trial with follow‐up. Asthma, wheezing, BHR and allergic sensitization early in life and to multiple allergens were associated with a lower lung function growth of large and small airways during early childhood compared with the control populations. Lung function development after childhood in subjects with asthma or persistent wheeze, although continuing to grow at a lower level, largely tracked parallel to non‐affected individuals until peak function was attained. Clinical implications and future research Deficits in lung function growth develop in early childhood, and children with asthma, BHR and early‐life IgE (poly)sensitization are at risk. This period is possibly a critical window of opportunity to identify at‐risk subjects and provide treatment aimed at preventing long‐term sequelae of lung function.
REGIONAL FEATURES OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The presented article is devoted to the study of regional features of small business development in Russia. The author determines the causes of this phenomenon and its scale. At the same time, special emphasis is placed on the study of the level of employment of the population in small business and revenue per employee in various regions. Also, the role of the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the development of business entities in the regions is determined.
Handheld Bone Densitometry Configuration on Development of Bone Model Density Testing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Handheld bone densitometry is a bone model density testing system using ultrasonic spectroscopy with pulseecho method. In this study, we characterize a handheld bone densitometry configuration that uses a bone model made of PLA (Polyactic Acid) as the test object. This research also includes the use of a specially designed bone holder to hold and stabilize the bone model during measurement. The bone holder aims to improve the consistency of measurement results and reduce variability. Experiments were conducted using a handheld bone densitometry equipped with an ultrasonic transducer. Tests were conducted on TGC (Time Gain Compensation) configuration and ultrasonic wave frequency to obtain precise and accurate data on the density of the PLA bone model. The results of this study show that the use of PLA bone models as test objects for handheld bone densitometry has the potential for further development so that it can become a density measurement tool in human bones. By using a bone model holder, bone density measurements become more consistent and reliable. Proper TGC settings also affect the accuracy of the measurement results. In addition, the optimal frequency of ultrasonic waves also plays an important role in obtaining adequate data on bone density.
SH0997530.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma Responsive to Surgery and an ALK Inhibitor in a Patient with Panhypopituitarism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We encountered a case of epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) originating from an abdominal organ that rapidly regrew twice. The patient underwent two surgeries. Large tumors grew within three months after the second surgery. The patient subsequently received chemotherapy with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor. Although EIMS has a poor prognosis, the patient continues to be alive with disease 14 months after surgical treatment and the administration of the ALK inhibitor.
A influência da governança corporativa na estrutura de capital das pequenas e médias empresas: The influence of corporate governance on the capital strcuture of small and medium-sized companies.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Objective: The objective of this article was to identify how governance mechanisms influence the capital structure of small and medium-sized companies that make up the Local Apparel Productive Arrangement of the Hinterlands of Pernambuco. Methodology: The research is quantitative and used primary data to perform the analysis. The statistical methods used were the U Mann-Whitne test, Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling technique to respond to the hypothesis that companies that adopted governance practices would have an easier time raising financial resources . Results: The results indicated that companies that acquired debts elaborate a larger amount of reports. The findings showed evidence that the adoption of governance can reduce informational asymmetry and facilitate the granting of credit, as greater transparency can reduce the agency's problems. Contributions: Contributes with new empirical evidence on the impact of governance on the capital structure of SMEs. In addition, the purpose is to disseminate the importance and which governance structure is most appropriate in the context of small companies, in order to improve the quality of management and facilitate access to third-party capital.
Antibody-independent effector mechanisms in resistance to the intestinal nematode parasite Trichuris muris

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The development of a strong Th2-type immune response is essential in resistance to the intestinal nematode parasite Trichuris muris. Although the underlying cell-regulatory mechanisms important in protective immunity are well defined, the actual Th2-controlled effector mechanisms culminating in worm expulsion are uncharacterized. Using methodology involving the selective reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficiency mice with highly pure populations of CD4+ T cells from immune BALB/c donors, we show here that antibody is not an essential component in resistance to T. muris. Thus, CD4+ T cells purified from BALB/c donor mice at a time point when Th2 cells are in dominance (days 19 to 21 postinfection) confer resistance to infection on recipient severe combined immunodeficiency mice in the complete absence of an antibody response.
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Pattern Effect Suppression Using a Birefringent Fiber Loop

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The capability of a birefringent fiber loop to suppress the pattern effect in a semiconductor optical amplifier is experimentally demonstrated. The results verify that compared to direct signal amplification this scheme achieves reduced amplitude modulation, enhanced eye diagram extinction ratio, pulse reshaping, tolerance to long string of spaces, low power penalty, and extended input power dynamic range.
Biological Degradation of Valonia Tannin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microbes were successively incubated in media with increasing valonia tannin concentration. Microbial capacity of tannin degradation was improved gradually. A microbe able to degrade valonia tannins was isolated from soil contaminated with valonia tannin because of its high capacity of COD removing. Based on its morphological and physiologic characteristics, the strain was identified as Aspergillus preliminary. After shaking incubation in czapek medium with tannin concentration 5.0?g/L, pH?4.5 at 28?℃ for 3 days, the maximum tannin degradation extent attend to 11.2%.
Staff Experiences of Stress and Coping in a Residential Treatment Facility for Youth

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Working in social services tends to be very stressful for workers. Caregivers are asked to work long hours, complete paperwork and administrative tasks and are responsible for the care and wellbeing of others. Eleven female Childcare Workers were interviewed to determine what causes them stress at work and how they cope. Stress was caused by: long hours, no breaks, low wages, unpaid work, poor communication, consistency and training, high expectations of staff, temper tantrums, abuse, and anxiety about meeting resident’s needs. Workers would like more support from their managersand reported a lack of effective teamwork. Many reported not coping well with the stressors of this job and most reported that they take their work stress home with them.
Antimony Thin Film as a Robust Broadband Saturable Absorber

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Antimony shows unique electrical, optical response with the reduced dimension. Herein, the antimony thin film has been grown by vapor deposition method with a thickness of 12.8 nm, and its broadband nonlinear saturable absorption properties have been observed and characterized within the spectral range from 800 to 1930 nm. With the help of the antimony thin film, a Q-switched fiber laser with a pulse duration of 983 ns and a highly stable femtosecond fiber laser with pulse duration of 753 fs have been delivered from an Er 3+ -doped fiber laser. Furthermore, by incorporating the antimony thin film into an Er 3+ -doped fluoride fiber laser, stable Q-switched mid-infrared pulses with a pulse duration of 824 ns have been obtained. Our experimental results clearly highlight the promise of antimony thin film as a robust broadband optical signal processing component.
Marker-Assisted elimination of drought-susceptible accessions in upland rice breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Breeding for water-deficit tolerance is fundamental to guarantee the sustainability of upland rice production, mainly due to the possibility of an increased frequency of drought episodes due to climate change. This work aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, derived from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), genome-wide association study (GWAS) and candidate genes from Arabidopsis, with potential for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for drought tolerance. RNA-Seq and GWAS were efficient in identifying useful SNP markers from the data obtained from three years of field experiments for 175 upland rice accessions, which were sequenced using 32 genes by Capture-Seq. Three genes were equally able to generate SNP markers that discriminated 95% of the 20 most drought susceptible accessions in the joint analysis of the experiments. The elimination of the genotypes with the unfavourable SNP allele reduced the initial number of accessions to one third, and transferring this result in a breeding routine, would enable to conduct smaller experiments per target location, increasing the precision and reducing the cost of the drought phenotyping.
Dynamics in Adsorbed Layers of Associative Polymers in the Limit of Strong Backbone−Surface Attractions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Taken together with the shape of the adsorption isotherm, the adsorption and desorption dynamics of hydrophobically end-modified poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on silica suggest that adsorbed layers are comprised of two general populations: a tightly adsorbed underlayer and a loosely bound outer layer. The former is driven by a large number of hydrogen bonding interactions between the PEO's ether groups and nondissociated surface silanols, per the classical model of homopolymer adsorption with tails, loops, and trains. The outer layer is held in place by hydrophobic interactions, about 7−8 kT between the chain ends. In the dilute limit, transport-limited adsorption kinetics suggests that chains adsorb individually and that the adsorbed layer contains only the chains tightly bound via backbone−surface interactions. At greater free solution concentrations, still dilute, entire clusters adsorb and the layer contains both tightly bound and hydrophobically associated populations. The loosely bound outer layer responds to flow: The steady-state adsorbed amount depends on the wall shear rate, decreasing in stronger flows. The loosely bound layer also desorbs at the transport-limited rate in flowing water, facilitating quantification of its binding strength through the application of a hybrid isotherm model combining features of a Langmuir isotherm with those predicted from mean-field treatments of homopolymer adsorption.
AI – New Avenue for Drug Discovery and Optimization

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The artificial intelligence (AI) used in drug treatment have to do with matching patients to their predicting drug-target or drug-drug interactions, optimal drug or combination of drugs, and optimizing treatment protocols. This review outlines some of the recently developed AI methods aiding the drug treatment and administration process. Selection of the suitable drug for a patient typically requires the patient data, such as genetics or proteomics, with drug data, like compound chemical descriptors, to score the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The forecast of drug relations often relies on similarity metrics, pretentious that drugs with similar structures or targeted and similar behaviour or may interfere with each other. Deciding the dosage schedule for administration of drugs is performed using mathematical models to interpret pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data.
Smoothing Approximation to the New Exact Penalty Function with Two Parameters

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a new non-smooth penalty function with two parameters for nonlinear inequality constrained optimization problems. And we propose a twice continuously differentiable function which is smoothing approximation to the non-smooth penalty function and define the corresponding smoothed penalty problem. A global solution of the smoothed penalty problem is proved to be an approximation global solution of the non-smooth penalty problem. Based on the smoothed penalty function, we develop an algorithm and prove that the sequence generated by the algorithm can converge to the optimal solution of the original problem.