jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pilot comparison of the ease of swallowing of single tablet antiretroviral regimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Daily adherence to lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required to achieve long term treatment success. However, patient preferences for ART tablet size have not been well studied. Our study assessed factors associated with the ease of swallowing (EoS) and tolerability of two placebo tablets representing and matching B/F/TAF (BPT) and DTG/ABC/3TC (DPT). Fifty ART-naïve patients were randomized into a two-period cross-over study. Likert scale (1-5) questionnaires were administered to assess patient factors influencing the ease of swallowing, adherence, home medications, medication preferences and perceptions. Comparisons were done using Student t-tests and ordinal regression. Participants were 64% female, 61% white, mean age 43 years, and taking a mean (median) of 4(1) pills/day. BPT was reported to be easier than DPT with ease of swallowability 1.76 vs. 2.42 (p < 0.001) (1 = very easy). DPT tablet was correctly perceived as larger than BPT (p < 0.001); with both tablets perceived as smaller than actual size (p < 0.001). EoS of either tablet was positively associated with the EoS of the largest home tablet medication (p = 0.021, p = 0.03). Patient's perceptions of EoS can affect their medication adherence, especially in HIV, and should be considered in treatment regimens.
DARWIN'S IRISH CORRESPONDENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Searches of Darwin's correspondence show that some 160 letters crossed between him and naturalists and others with an Irish address.While few in number, compared to Darwin's 14,000 other known letters, some of this correspondence provoked frequent exchanges between Darwin and his closest collaborators, occasionally leading to amendments to The origin of species or becoming material for Darwin's other publications.The absence of Darwin references in the contemporaneous Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy or journals of the Royal Dublin Society, where local naturalists published their work, has to be viewed together with the absence in those journals of references to the Irish famines.Other publications of a broader cultural focus engaged both topics in a lively way.Darwin's correspondence was also surveyed for the subject of the island of Ireland, in relation to observations on the distribution of a small group of plants common to Asturias in northern Spain and to the south and west of Ireland, but absent elsewhere in Europe.Patterns of distribution of mitochondrial and Y-specific human DNA markers in western Europe that overlap the distribution of these Asturian plants suggest a common cause for both sets of observations.A modern hypothesis based on these DNA findings is supported by the observations made 150 years ago.
Research and Application of Flexible Manufacturing Line for Power Battery Module of New Energy Electric Vehicle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract\nAt present, due to the lack of national mandatory new energy vehicle power battery pack specifications and standards, so each production enterprise is fighting for itself, the size, connection mode and interface of the power battery pack are not unified, these factors seriously restrict the large-scale production and application of the power battery pack. Aiming at the characteristics of small batch and multi variety in the production process of new energy vehicle power battery pack, in order to realize the automatic assembly of multi variety power battery pack, on the basis of scientific and reasonable production process planning of power battery pack, a flexible automatic assembly and testing production line is developed, It is of great significance for power battery manufacturers to meet the needs of all kinds of customers and improve the level of intelligent manufacturing.
Una Política de Niñez y la Adolescencia desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos a lo largo del ciclo vital

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article descriptively outlines the development of the Childhood and Adolescence Policy and the significance of its approval within the context of demographic aging. The expected outcome is that all academic units will recognize the importance of integrated action to have a greater impact on improving the rights of children and adolescents.
Criteria for Evaluation of Laboratory Animal Bedding

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Laboratory animal bedding should provide a surface that is hygienic and that fulfils both physical and chemical requirements essential to the health and well being of the animals. It should be chosen in view of its absorbent capacity, its availability and low dust content. Wood appears to be the most suitable raw material for laboratory animal bedding. Of the softwoods, pine and cedar are not usable because of their high resin content of toxic substances for laboratory animal. Scientists demonstrated some changes in microsomal oxidative enzyme activity and other damages in the mouse and rat depending on the bedding. Aspen, birch, fir, and spruce seem to be good sources, as well as corncob and recycled paper. Based on preference testing, the size and the shape might be the major factors in the suitability of bedding particles for laboratory rodent animals. Bedding consisting of large fibers seems to be preferred. Sterilization is recommended. The paper reviews the history and development in criteria of biological evaluation of laboratory animal bedding, with author's opinion about rodent laboratory animal bedding in China.
10.51847/uzI0wXSMmK

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Human Capital is an integral part of any country’s development and economic growth has human capital as an important factor. This study evaluates the relevance of human capital development on the growth of the economy pin pointing the relationship that exists between them. In this study, the ordinary least square (OLS) technique was adopted. The GDP was used as a proxy for economic growth; Per Capital Real Gross Domestic Product, primary school enrolment, public expenditure on education and health, life expectancy, stock of physical capital as proxy for human capital. From the analysis, it was deduced that there is a strong positive relationship between human capital development and economic growth. The recommendations drawn from the study centered on revisiting the man-power needs of the various sectors of the economy. Also, while workable policies should be put in place to bring about an overall economic growth, expenditures on health and public education should be utilized effectively and efficiently so that the country would experience quality health care services and quality educational system. Key words : Human Capital, GDP, Economic growth, Ordinary Least Squares, Nigeria
On the optimum spreading sequence and mismatched filter design for cellular CTDMA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The optimum design of spreading sequences and their mismatched despreading filters is investigated for cellular code time division multiple access (CTDMA) systems. The users in the same cell are separated by the classical CTDMA scheme (which assigns one single spreading sequence to all users of the same cell), while the users in adjacent cells are separated by the use of different cell-specific spreading sequences. The construction of these sequence sets is the main topic of this paper. Requirements on these sets can be derived from intra-and intercell interference parameters that determine the signal-to-interference ratio. It is shown that EACF sequence sets, i.e., sequence sets that yield equal aperiodic autocorrelation functions, provide an optimum intra- and intercell performance in a least square sense, They are compared with the code frequency division multiple access (CFDMA) cell separation technique, which offers more sequences on the price of a diminished intercell performance. Since the overall performance depends on the ratio of the intra-and intercell interference, we describe the optimization of the intercell interference behavior for general sequence sets.
Development of optical fibre humidity sensors for assessing the quality of housing insulation materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fibre optic-based relative humidity (RH) sensing system has been developed for assessing the qualities of housing insulation materials, based on a Polyimide (PI)-coated Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) device. This forms the key moisture sensitive element, allowing a carefully-designed and packaged sensor system to be fabricated, evaluated and calibrated, creating the robustness and reusability needed. Following calibration, the system performance evaluated on a range of commercial housing insulation materials shows excellent performance in establishing the key moisture-transport parameters of the materials routinely used by structural engineers. Cross-sensitivity issues are addressed allowing the RH sensor system to operate over a wide range of RH level experienced normally in this application. A sensitivity of 1.1 pm/%RH, with low hysteresis from a ruggedized sensor, is observed.
The effects of land use and climate on red kite distribution in the Iberian peninsula

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main breeding populations of the red kite (Milvus milvus L.), have been declining in the Iberian peninsula during the last decade. However, there is a lack of regional assessments of habitat suitability that identifies limiting ecological factors for the species and areas with conservation problems. In this work we present a regional model for the distribution and abundance of breeding red kites in the Iberian peninsula. The occurrence and estimated abundance in 100 km2 UTM squares resulting from road censuses were modelled with broad-scale explanatory variables obtained from satellite imagery, thematic digital cartography, cli-matic data and spatial coordinates. The occurrence model incorporated mainly climatic variables and had a good discrimination ability, while the abundance model incorporated mainly land-use variables and had a lower explanatory power (r2=0.14). The predictions somewhat overestimated the results of the censuses, and this agrees with the decline of population size and range observed for this species in the Iberian peninsula. These models are relevant in the conservation of the species: first, they suggest the limiting factors for red kite in the Iberian peninsula, and, second, they generate predictive maps pointing out both areas in which conservation problems may be acute (suitable locations that are unoccupied), and areas where no data is available but the red kite is likely to be present (thus guiding further survey and research).
The four Ps of corporate political activity: a framework for environmental analysis and corporate action

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, I propose a new integrated framework which may be used to conduct a thorough analysis of a firm's political environment. The four steps of the methodology include the problem (how a political problem emerges and can be shaped by actors), the procedure (the public decision‐making procedure), the policies (relevant public policies currently implemented) and the players (including policy‐makers as well as participants in the political debate). Together, they form what I call the ‘Four Ps of corporate political activity’. This framework can serve not only for environmental analysis and monitoring, but also to improve the effectiveness of a firm's attempts in the field of political influence, through actions such as arena selection, issue framing, the use of procedural opportunities, proactive negotiation of a compromise or gate‐keeping the political arena. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Foundations of Romanticism Research in the Art Studies of the 20th – 21st Centuries: Ukrainian Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the globalization era characterized by the fusion of cultural traditions of different nations, there is an alternative tendency within the humanities: the increasing focus on the problem of national-stylistic specificity of the past and present artistic phenomena. Romanticism – an artistic style that dominated in the European culture in the period of 19th – the beginning of 20th centuries that inspired the freedom of national spirit’s expression and artists’ interest in folklore and historical past of their nation is a demonstrative example of such phenomena.
The article deals with the historiographical aspect of the Romanticism’s research in the humanities (in particular, philosophical, cultural, musicology and literature studies) basing on the works of European, American, Russian and Ukrainian scholars of the 20th – 21st centuries. Much attention is given to the musicological conceptions of Romanticism that are considered in the broad context of the interdisciplinary field of the Romantic historiography. Moreover, the analysis and evaluation of the scientific achievements of the Ukrainian scholars that examine this topic hold a valuable place in the research’s presentation.
Basing on the analysis of these works, the causes of multiple interpretations of Romanticism are defined and theirs representatives’ common grounds are specified: the consideration of Romanticism as a multidimensional category, recognition of Romanticism’s national versions in different European cultures, perception of Romanticism as a dynamic system of multidirectional tendencies. Finally, the contemporary approaches in the Romanticism research are outlined.
Medication Optimization for New Initiators of Empagliflozin for Diabetic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are recommended agents for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose, decrease blood pressure, and can be useful for volume management. For these reasons, we hypothesized that initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy may be associated with deprescribing of other medications in patients with DKD. We compared medication lists at SGLT2 inhibitor initiation and 6 months post-initiation in 21 patients with DKD who were followed in our interprofessional outpatient nephrology clinic to evaluate deprescribing patterns in diabetes, hypertension, and diuretic medications. Six months of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with DKD was associated with deprescribing of high-risk diabetes agents, antihypertensives, and loop diuretics with minimal changes in A1C and fewer adverse events.
Successful Repair of CSF Leak with a Facial Translocation Approach after Two Failed Endoscopic Surgeries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: There has been an increased incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks associated with greater numbers of sinus and anterior skull base surgeries. The leading causes of CSF leaks are iatrogenic injury and trauma. Over the past 20 years, CSF leak repairs via an endoscopic approach have been reported with success rates ranging from 83%-100%. Failed endoscopic repairs provide a challenge to the clinician.

Methods: The case reported here is that of a 38-year-old female, who required nonendoscopic management of her middle cranial base CSF leak, after 2 failed attempts with endoscopic repair. The CSF leak occurred after resection of a pituitary adenoma via a transphenoidal approach.

Results: The CSF leak recurred for the third time shortly after the second repair. The defect was then approached via a mini-facial translocation approach. A left lateral rhinotomy incision was made and the left nasal, frontal, and maxillary bones were exposed. After osteotomies were made, the maxillary sinus was rotated laterally exposing the sphenoid sinus. Rongeurs were used to open the sphenoid sinus and direct visualization of the CSF leak in the left lateral aspect of the sphenoid sinus was obtained. The leak was isolated and repaired with fat grafting, fibrin glue, and middle turbinate mucosa by neurosurgery.

Conclusion: The patient has had an uneventful recovery with good cosmesis and no recurrence of the CSF leak.
Anonymization, tokenization, encryption. How to recover unrecoverable data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The data privacy is currently vastly commented topic among all the organizations which process personal data due to the introduction of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. Existing methods of data protection are believed to be sufficient as they meet the risk-based approach requirements in every mature organization, yet the number of publicly known data breaches confirms that this assumption is false. The aftermath of such incidents in countless cases prove that the risk-based approach failed as the reputational and financial consequences by far exceed the original estimations. This paper stressed the importance of the data layer protection from the planning, through design, until maintenance stages in the database lifecycle, as numerous attack vectors originating from the insider threat and targeting the data layer still sneak through unnoticed during the risk analysis phase.
Identification of a Potential Mitotic Function for the Mammalian Nup50

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitosis is a conserved process in which the genetic material, DNA, is equally segregated between two daughter cells. DNA is contained in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell and surrounded by the nuclear envelope. Multi protein complexes known as the Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) embed within the nuclear envelope and regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus. Surprisingly, in Aspergillus nidulans, the model system used in my study, a nuclear pore complex protein Nup2 undergoes a unique translocation to chromatin during mitosis and is essential for proper mitotic progression. Interestingly, the Nup2 homolog in higher eukaryotes, Nup50, undergoes the same translocation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test whether Nup50 can translocate onto chromatin in Aspergillus nidulans and complement the mitotic function of Nup2. In order to test this hypothesis, the Nup50 gene was integrated into A. nidulans using homologous recombination. Four way fusion PCR was used to generate a DNA cassette that contains the Nup50 gene fused to EGFP2 marker and its expression under control of the inducible promoter alcA. Once Nup50 was introduced into A. nidulans, Nup2 was deleted in the background. So far, we have discovered that Nup50 is present in the nucleus at interphase and disperses throughout the cell during mitosis in the absence or presence of the Aspergillus nidulans Nup2. Results showed that Nup50 cannot complement Nup2’s function perhaps because it is not located at either the NPCs of mitotic chromatin. Furthermore, mmNup50 is a much smaller protein than Nup2 and it lacks a specific domain which is present in Nup2, termed domain 4. Domain 4 has been shown to be sufficient and necessary for Nup2’s location to the pore and DNA. This suggests that introducing domain 4 into mmNup50 might tether it to the pore at interphase and mitotic chromatin. We plan to create a version of Nup50 that carries domain 4 and replace the endogenous An-Nup2 with this version. We can then ask whether this version of Nup50 can complement Nup2’s function. This study may provide evidence that the novel essential mitotic function of the A. nidulans Nup2 is conserved in humans. Knowledge gained from these experiments might help us identify a potentially novel essential function of the mammalian Nucleoporin 50 in mitosis, which is important to understanding the initiation and progression of human diseases that can arise from defective mitosis such as cancer.
LRP8 activates STAT3 to induce PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may be an effective intervention for osteosarcoma and PD-L1 expression is controlled by diverse regulatory factors. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) regulates osteoblast differentiation and it is unclear whether and how LRP8 could contribute to osteosarcoma pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the LRP8/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/PD-L1 network in osteosarcoma. Methods: The expression of LRP8, STAT3, and PD-L1 was measured in osteosarcoma tissues and paired normal tissues. The effects of LRP8 on STAT3 and PD-L1 expression were investigated in an osteosarcoma cell line. The effects on immunosuppression were investigated in an in vitro co-culture system with Jurkat cell line and osteosarcoma cell line. The effects of LRP8 were blocked by a LRP8 neutralizing antibody, dominant-negative STAT3, or STAT3 inhibitor. Results: LRP8 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma compared to normal tissues and its level was correlated with phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) level in osteosarcoma tissues. In osteosarcoma cell lines, LRP8 increased p-STAT3 level and promoted nuclear translocation of STAT3. STAT3 activation also increased PD-L1 mRNA, protein, and promoter activity. In addition, LRP8 enhanced PD-L1 expression via STAT3. In a co-culture system, LRP8 overexpression in an osteosarcoma cell line impaired viability and interleukin-2 secretion of Jurkat cells and induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells. The effects of LRP8 could be blocked by neutralizing LRP8 antibody or STAT3 inhibitor. Blocking LRP8 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for a novel regulation network of LRP8/STAT3/PD-L1 in osteosarcoma and LRP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
Biotechnology, farm management and local agricultural development.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This chapter analyses the potential effects of biotechnology innovations in agriculture, referring to the case of the processed tomato sector in southern Italy. After a brief presentation of the current competitive position of the examined industry, the analysis of biotechnological impact is carried out in 2 stages. Primarily, an analysis of the potential demand for biotechnologies is conducted, stemming from the results obtained in a wide study on the demand for innovation by farmers in southern Italy. Moreover, perception and acceptance of biotechnologies by different operators along the tomato 'filiera', are investigated through focused interviews. In the second stage, by drawing on the current research effort and comparing the potential innovation with expressed needs on the demand side, the economic impact of biotechnologies is described, taking into account the complex institutional problems affecting the sector. In the concluding section, the results are connected to the current discussion on genetically modified organism regulatory policies, demonstrating that in some weak institutional frameworks, like in southern Italy and in developing countries, the social control of risks and benefits associated to the new technologies is very hard to achieve, regardless of the chosen policy instrument.
DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Definition Consciousness is a state in which a person is awake, alert, and aware of his/her surroundings.Classification Consciousness exists on a continuum ranging from an alert cognitively intact state, to one in which there is complete unresponsiveness to any environmental stimuli (i.e. coma). Many terms have been used to describe impaired consciousness which may lead to confusion when applied inconsistently between observers. A detailed description of the patient's clinical state including motor postures and responses to various applied stimuli (e.g. verbal, tactile, noxious, etc.) is preferred. Detailed descriptions may not only prevent misinterpretation errors but may also have localizing value.