jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Collected Heat by Solar Collectors Fixed on the Outside Wall of Balcony

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

It is studied the collected heat by collectors fixed on the outside wall of balconies when the shape and direction of balconies, and inclination angle of collectors are changed. Total heat collected by three walls of the rectangle balcony toward southeast or southwest is more than the one collected under other conditions. Total heat collected by rectangle balcony toward south would be increased when the inclination angles β of collectors are reduced. As β =70°, and the collectors were installed only on the south wall, to make water temperature above 60 °C in 150 L tank, extra energy needed is equivalent to 46.5 kg/a standard coal; if collectors were installed outside three walls of balcony, extra energy is not needed.
Time-Variant Chloride Ingress Models for Probabilistic Assessment of Concrete Bridge Decks with De-Icing Salt Attack

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study is to propose time-variant probabilistic models of surface chloride and diffusion coefficient based on the survey data of 16 concrete bridge decks with the attack of de-icing salts. These models are developed, because there is no study that simultaneously considers both time-variance and probabilistic descriptors in the model for concrete bridge decks. From the study, it can be found that long-term surface chloride and its time-variant development are fitted with Log-normal and Weibull distributions, respectively. In addition, the 28-day diffusion coefficient and age factor are fitted with Log-logistic and Triangular distributions, respectively. Considering only the mean value in the models, the corrosion-free residual life of concrete bridge decks is equal to 18.3 years based on the target value of critical chloride of 1.2 kg/m 3 , whereas their cracking-free residual life is equal to 29.5 years based on the target value of critical chloride of 2.0 kg/m3. In comparison with the probabilistic analysis, it was nevertheless found that at year 18.3, there are 38% and 20% probabilities to have rebar corrosion and concrete cracking, respectively. However, at year 29.5, there are 63% and 42% probabilities to have rebar corrosion and concrete. Specifically, there are 6 and almost 7 out of 16 bridge locations having rebar corrosion in the year 18.3 and concrete cracking in the year 29.5, respectively.
Carbon storage in the branchless trunk of the black mangrove Avicennia germinans (L.) in the mangroves of the Gulf of Mexico.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: To estimate the aboveground biomass and carbon storage of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans). Design/methodology/approach: Field measurements were conducted at 24 monitoring sites within the UMA, each encompassing 30 × 10 meter plots. Tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of A. germinans were recorded to estimate aboveground biomass using established allometric equations. Simulations and correlation analysis were performed using Wolfram Mathematica® software. Results: Carbon storage was derived by applying a biomass-to-carbon conversion factor. The average aboveground biomass across the study sites was 41.04 Mg·ha⁻¹, corresponding to an average carbon stock of 19.70 MgC·ha⁻¹. The simulation yielded a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.734465. Limitations/implications: The study did not comprehensively account for environmental variables such as salinity, water level, and temperature, which may significantly influence biomass accumulation and carbon storage estimates. Findings/conclusions: The results underscore the role of A. germinans in climate change mitigation, highlighting its substantial carbon sequestration potential within the mangrove ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico.
Computational algorithms derived from multiple scales of neocortical processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Astatistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) of columnar activity, and the vector potential of minicolumnar electromagnetic activity, provide a context to explore neocortical information processes and influences on cognitive processing at multiple scales, i.e., mesoscopic (columnar scales), macroscopic (mesoscopic influences at regional scales), and microscopic (mesoscopic influences of ions affecting interactions between and among neurons and astrocytes). Even within this confined context, a case has been made that it should not be expected that the proposed Holy Grail of neuroscience, i.e., to ultimately explain all brain processing in terms of a nonlinear science at molecular scales, is at all realistic. As with many Crusades for some truths, other truths can be trampled. Most recent drafts are available as
Meyerbeer and the New Chromaticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Meyerbeer is an important link between Rossini and Verdi. A pupil of Vogler, Meyerbeer shared his teacher’s fascination with equal subdivisions of the octave. Progressions based on interval cycles—of semitones, whole tones, minor thirds, and major thirds—play a prominent role in the operas that Meyerbeer composed for Paris. Interval cycles are called upon to portray the demonic, evil, or uncanny, but also to underscore deep emotion. Meyerbeer anticipated Wagner and Verdi in his use of expressive tonality; his unconventional use of and chords influenced Verdi and others. By contrast, his deployment of keys in multi-movement numbers is relatively conservative. The two large numbers in act 4 of Les Huguenots are analyzed.
Analysis of channel characteristics and channel model for satellite communication system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the distance between satellite transponder and ground terminal in the satellite communication system, satellite communication is affected badly by multipath fading and shadowing effect. These factors seriously affect the quality of communication and the system spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we describe the transmission characteristics of satellite communication channel and a simplified fading channel model is analyzed. Besides, several common models are taken into consideration. This model is built on C. Loo model and Corazza model to describe received signals, multipath fading and shadowing effect. Simulation results suggest that this model switches between a perfect channel state and an imperfect channel state dynamically. The research provides an important meaning for the implementation of the actual channel simulation and can be widely used in the study of satellite communication system.
Prospects and Challenges for Harnessing Opportunities in Medicinal Plants Sector in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The importance of the medicinal plants sector can be gauged from the fact that herbal medicines serve the healthcare needs of about 80 per cent of the world's population. India, with approximately eight percent of world's biodiversity including plant genetic diversity with medicinal properties, has the potential of becoming a major global player in market for medicinal plants-based herbal formulations and products. However, prior to establishment of Medicinal Plants Board, there was no nodal agency to look into medicinal plants as an economic 'sector' and different organisations dealt with different aspects of medicinal plants without any clear cut focus and coordination. This lack of co-ordination led to critical research gaps relating to socio-economic and policy aspects of medicinal plants. At the same time, absence of formal marketing linkages and effective buy-back arrangements hindered the development of medicinal plants sector. Developing appropriate varieties for cultivation which could ensure uniform quality and continuous supply of raw material for processing industry would not only meet the industry demand but also halt the degradation of natural resource base. To capitalize on expanding opportunities in the international market, we need to focus on scientific methods of cultivation, harvesting, processing, grading, transport, storage, labeling and marketing practices involved in the entire supply chain for medicinal plants. Policy and institutional issues particularly related to co-ordination among various stake holders are one of the major constraints faced by this sector. Species- specific and socio-economic environment specific research would be helpful for identification of an optimal institutional framework to take care of needs of various stakeholders and also cater to social needs without adverse implications for equity and environment.
Combination Treatment Targeting mTOR and MAPK Pathways Has Synergistic Activity in Multiple Myeloma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable, malignant B cell disorder characterized by frequent relapses and a poor prognosis. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are warranted. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a key role in many critical cellular processes, including cell proliferation and survival. Activated PI3K/AKT (protein kinases B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling has been identified in MM primary patient samples and cell lines. In this study, the efficacy of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors in various MM cell lines representing three different prognostic subtypes was tested. Whereas MM cell lines were rather resistant to PI3K inhibition, treatment with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus decreases the phosphorylation of key molecules in the PI3K pathway in MM cell lines, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and thus reduced proliferation. Strikingly, the efficacy of temsirolimus was amplified by combining the treatment with the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib. Our findings provide a scientific rationale for the simultaneous inhibition of mTOR and MEK as a novel strategy for the treatment of MM.
A Semantical Analysis of Second-Order Propositional Modal Logic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is aimed as a contribution to the use of formal modal languages in Artificial Intelligence. We introduce a multi-modal version of Second-order Propositional Modal Logic (SOPML), an extension of modal logic with propositional quantification, and illustrate its usefulness as a specification language for knowledge representation as well as temporal and spatial reasoning. Then, we define novel notions of (bi)simulation and prove that these preserve the interpretation of SOPML formulas. Finally, we apply these results to assess the expressive power of SOPML.
Preputial injuries in beef bulls: 172 cases (1980–1985)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary One hundred seventy-two bulls with preputial injuries were treated from 1980 through 1985. Most of the injuries developed during the breeding season (April through August), with a peak during June. The number (111) of bulls represented by 3 beef breeds (Brangus, Brahman, Beefmaster) was greater than the number (61) of the other 9 breeds included in the survey. Preputial prolapse ( pp ) and posthitis without obvious laceration was diagnosed in 82 of 172 bulls. Preputial laceration, abscessation, stricture with phimosis, and pp with penile hematoma were diagnosed in 46, 22, 15, and 9 bulls, respectively. These abnormalities were treated medically and/or surgically. Questionnaires (n = 145) were mailed, and 83 (57.4%) replies were received. Owners (80/83) of affected bulls responded to questions regarding the future use of their bulls for breeding. Of the bulls with pp and posthitis (n = 34), laceration (n = 17), abscessation (n = 15), stricture with phimosis (n = 8) and pp with penile hematoma (n = 6) and treated medically and/or surgically, 30, 11, 7, 7, and 4 bulls, respectively, (74% overall) were returned to breeding use successjully.
NAC ameliorates dental composite-induced DNA double-strand breaks and chromatin condensation

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Released (co)monomers from dental composite components can induce DNA damage of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) threaten genome integrity. Here, we tested whether the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to reduce the dental composite-induced DSBs in primary human gingiva fibroblasts. The dental composites Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate), GMA (glycidyl methacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and TEGDMA (triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) were found to induce co-localizing microscopic nuclear foci numbers of the DSB markers γ-H2AX and 53BP1 per cell in the order: GMA>Bis-GMA>TEGDMA>HEMA. Supplementation of (co)monomer-containing culture medium with NAC led to a significant reduction of resin-induced DSBs as well as to an amelioration of dental monomer-induced nuclear chromatin condensation in gingival fibroblasts. Thus, antioxidant treatment can reduce radical-induced chromatin and DNA damage and open avenues to mitigate genotoxic effects of dental composite compounds.
What is a unique item?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The so-called unique items hypothesis claims that translations tend to contain fewer “unique items” than comparable non-translated texts. This is proposed as a potential translation universal, or at least a general tendency. A unique item is one that is in some sense specific to the target language and is presumably not so easily triggered by a source-language item that is formally different; it thus tends to be under-represented in translations. The concept of a unique item is not well-defined, however. Drawing on some earlier work on transfer, contrastive and error analysis, this article offers a critical analysis of the concept, and raises a number of methodological issues concerning research on the topic.
Distribution extension of Proboscis bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae): new record for southwestern Ecuador

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We report the first confirmed record of Rhynchonycteris naso in southwestern Ecuador. We observed a colony of about 10 individuals roosting under a bridge of a water reservoir that was surrounded by sugar cane crops and located in Naranjito in the Province of Guayas. This is a heavily disturbed area with small remnants of humid evergreen forest in the lowlands of the Ecuadorian coast. This record constitutes a new locality of Rhychonycteris naso for the Guayas province in a different type of vegetation and habitat from previous records for this species in Ecuador and it represents the southwesternmost record for Ecuador and South America.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBICIDES IN CONTROLLING THE WEEDS FOR GROWING PEANUTS ON SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OF OLTENIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peanut culture is very sensitive to weeds.Therefore, controlling the weeds is a very important link in the technology of growing peanuts on sandy soils.The researches on cultivation of peanuts has highlighted the possibility of controlling the weeds in peanut crops with the help of herbicides, being one of the most effective methods in controlling the weeds.Postemergence herbicides with Fusilade Forte 150EC 1.5 l / ha + Corum + adjuvant Dash HC 1.25 l / ha, had a good efficacy in controlling the dicotyledonous weeds.The lowest degree of weeding at harvest under the influence of herbicides (15.4%) compared to control 2 (cultivated), was recorded by spraying the peanut crop with Dual Gold 960EC 1.5 l / ha + Fusilade Forte 150EC 1.5 l / ha + Corum + Dash HC adjuvant 1.25 l / ha.
Ecology, Plant Geography, and Geobotany; Their History and Aim

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Logically we have in geobotany three great problems of research: space, habitat, and change; and two objects of study: the plant and the plant community. That gives us six branches of our science: (1) autochorologic geobotany; (2) autecologic geobotany; (3) autogenetic geobotany (combining with the study of the flora); and (4) synchorologic geobotany or chorologic sociology; (5) synecologic geobotany or ecologic sociology; (6) syngenetic geobotany or genetic sociology, study of succession (combining with the study of vegetation or plant sociology). Historically plant geography, plant ecology, and geobotany are synonymous and include all six branches. Geobotany (Grisebach) always does this; the two other terms are ambiguous, because often used in narrower and wider senses. The different meanings are discussed.
Beyond the Veil: Re-conceptualizing the Representations of Bengali Women in Ali’s Brick Lane

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ali's novel Brick Lane is significant because of its ambivalent representation of Bengali women.Drawing from the Postcolonial studies and feminist scholarship, the paper analyses the representations of the women in the novel, as they are shaped by various cultural signifiers.The paper critiques and notes the novel's narrative practices with the particular attention paid to the gendered discourses.Comparing the alternative representation given by Ali in the novel Brick Lane, with the one found in the idiom of the colonizer, the study highlights the significance of voicing the experiences of the women of color, particularly the Muslim Bengali women, in diaspora who are reduced to the burqa-clad representations.Deconstructing the representations in the novel, it is argued that the women exercise agency in the public and private spheres of life.The study is significant as it questions the politically motivated representations of the formerly colonized women in the idiom of the colonizer, who are oppressed by their culture, concluding that the engagement of the postcolonial female writers with voicing of the experiences of the women of color has gone a long way to challenge the image of the colonizer as a savior of the colonized women.
Morphology, kinematics and dynamics of bulges of spirals. 1: Kinematics of the bulge of NGC 5055, A MAGN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Long-slit spectroscopy at four position angles is performed on the spiral NGC 5055. The nuclear region is very bright and massive and the rotation velocity in that region has shown to be linear. The density of that region is found to be 150 times that of the average over the whole galaxy. The rotation curve outside the linear region is almost flat, with undulations in some directions. The ionization conditions at the center suggest it to be a LINER. We have also detected an outflow from the center towards the west in the form of a cone, evidence of a mildly active galactic nucleus.
Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation (Oligocene - Lower Miocene), SW Iran.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Asmari Formation has been studied in the subsurface at the Bibi Hakimeh, Marun and Ahwaz oilfields and in an outcrop section from the Khaviz anticline. It consists of approximately 400 m of cyclic platform limestones and dolostones with subordinate intervals of sandstone and shale. The method of Sr-isotope stratigraphy is well suited for dating these strata because of the rapid rate of change of marine 87Sr/86Sr during Asmari deposition (roughly 32-18 Ma) and the common presence of well-preserved macrofossils. Profiles of age against depth in the four areas show a decrease from higher stratigraphic accumulation rates in the lower Asmari to lower rates in the middle to upper part of the formation. There is also a trend towards less open-marine depositional conditions and increasing early dolomitization and anhydrite abundance above the lower part of the formation. These changes reflect the dynamics of platform progradation across the areas studied, from early deposition along relatively high accommodation margin to slope settings to later conditions of lower accommodation on the shelf top. Ages of sequence boundaries are estimated from the age-depth profiles at each locality, providing a framework for stratigraphic correlation. Asmari deposition began in early Rupelian time (34-33 Ma) in the Bibi Hakimeh area, when the studied areas to the NW were accumulating basinal marl facies. Progradation of the platform across the Marun and Ahwaz areas took place in mid-Chattian time (27-26 Ma) and somewhat later (26-25 Ma) in the more basinward Khaviz area. Depositional sequences have durations of 1-3 Ma, whereas component cycles represent average time intervals of 100-300 Ky. Sr analyses of most dolomite, anhydrite and celestite samples plot close to or below the macrofossil age-depth trend for each locality, indicating formation from waters preserving seawater 87Sr/86Sr approximately contemporaneous with or slightly younger than the time of sediment deposition. Local deviations from this trend are interpreted as indicating episodes of seepagereflux and also a contribution of Sr from non-marine sources during formation of the Gachsaran cap rock anhydrite.
Tumor-Associated Specificity of Serum-Mediated Inhibition of Lymphocyte Stimulation by Autochthonous Human Tumors2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Tumor-Associated Specificity of Serum-Mediated Inhibition of Lymphocyte Stimulation by Autochthonous Human Tumors Get access Farkas Vánky, Farkas Vánky Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute; Radiumhemmet, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm; and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan Stjernswärd, Jan Stjernswärd Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute; Radiumhemmet, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm; and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Klein, George Klein Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute; Radiumhemmet, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm; and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ladislau Steiner, Ladislau Steiner Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute; Radiumhemmet, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm; and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lars Lindberg Lars Lindberg Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute; Radiumhemmet, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm; and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 1, July 1973, Pages 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.1.25 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 31 January 1973 Accepted: 27 February 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
In-Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation: Krumighattini Tablet

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ayurveda has abundant collection of effective formulations against diseases. The polyherbal formulation contains Vernonia anthelmintica, Curcuma longa, Piper longum, Mallotus philippinensis, Operculina turpethum, Terminalia chebula, Butea monosperma, and Red ochre. The present study deals with anthelmintic evaluation of ayurvedic formulation. Various concentrations of polyherbal formulation (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml) in 50 ml of normal saline were taken. The results were compared with standard albendazole (10mg/ml, 20mg/ml and 30 mg/ml) and control was taken as normal saline (0.9% NaCl). The results were expressed in terms of time in minutes for the paralysis and time of death of the worms. Paralysis and death time were analyzed using one way ANOVA analysis using Graph pad prism 2.01 Software. The study indicates that polyherbal formulation shows more potent anthelmintic activity than standard reference.