jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reactions between an Ethylene Oligomerization Chromium(III) Precatalyst and Aluminum-Based Activators: Alkyl and Cationic Complexes with a Tridentate NPN Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To gain a deeper knowledge of the nature of the species formed in situ by reaction of a catalyst precursor complex and typical cocatalysts used for ethylene oligomerization or polymerization, the Cr(III) complex fac-[Cr(NPN)Cl3] (1; NPN = bis(2-picolyl)phenylphosphine) was reacted with MAO and partial methylation to give the mononuclear complex fac-[Cr(NPN)Cl2.23Me0.77] (2) was observed, whereas reaction with AlMe3 in toluene led to partial halide abstraction and produced the dinuclear, chloride-bridged dicationic complex [{fac-Cr(NPN)Me(μ-Cl)}2][AlMexCl4–x]2 (3·[AlMexCl4–x]2), in which the metal centers are bridged by two chloride ligands. The complex fac-[Cr(NPN)Cl2Et] (4) was isolated in high yield from the reaction of 1 with AlEt3 and contains a rare example of CrIII–Et function. Upon treatment of 1 with EtAlCl2, the dinuclear Cr(III) complex [{fac-Cr(NPN)}2(μ-Cl)3][AlCl4]3 (5·[AlCl4]3) was obtained, which contains three bridging chlorides. Thus, under the conditions investigated, MAO and AlEt3 behaved as alkylation agents, whereas AlMe3 and EtAlCl2 reacted as cationization agents. On activation with MAO and under comparable conditions, 1–5 exhibited similar catalytic properties, with activities between 2700 and 2800 g of C2H4/((g of Cr) h), but the major oligomer produced using the 4/MAO system was 1-decene. The neutral alkyl complexes 2 and 4 and the cationic complexes 3 and 5 did not exhibit catalytic activity for ethylene oligomerization in the absence of MAO. The structures of the complexes 2, 3·[AlMexCl4–x]2, 4, and 5·[AlCl4]3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Emerging from War: An Institutional Perspective on Postwar Foreign Direct Investment Recovery

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates patterns of postwar foreign direct investment (FDI) recovery. It is both exploratory, looking at patterns of inbound FDI that are prominent during postwar times, and theoretical, testing factors that might drive these patterns. It addresses a context for business that is underrepresented in international management: the dynamic transition period from war back to peace. Hypotheses are based on the logic of institutional theory. Host country institutions may reduce investment uncertainty for foreign investors, leading to accelerated recovery timelines for investment in those countries. Foreign aid from international development organizations may also signal to foreign investors the institutional suitability of the target country. Empirical analyses (conducted with Accelerated Failure Time survival models) reveal support for hypothesized associations between institution-related uncertainty and FDI recovery rates. However, contrary to expectation, results reveal longer recovery rates for countries that receive development bank aid. The finding has implications for practice, as it suggests that engagement with foreign aid may serve not as a signal of stability and potential, but rather of an increased need of intervention. This study extends the scope of institutional theory in international business by connecting FDI behavior to the behavior of other development organizations in postwar areas.
Noninvasive estimation of chronological and photoinduced skin damage using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Skin aging can be attributed to endogenous and exogenous factors which modify the hydration and protein structure of the skin which can be measured using Raman spectroscopy. Method This study included 21 healthy adult volunteers, aged 32–81 years, Raman spectra were obtained from sun‐protected and sun‐exposed skin, also three millimeter punch biopsies of sun‐exposed skin were collected and analyzed. The Raman spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis and the results were correlated with clinical and histological findings. Results The principal component analysis of the Raman spectra shows that the first principal component ( PC 1) obtained from the sun‐protected skin is related to the age of the subject, which can be taken as a measure of chronological aging, the second ( PC 2) and fourth ( PC 4) principal components obtained from Raman spectra of sun‐exposed skin are related to the amount of solar elastosis and collagen, respectively. Conclusion In this work a relationship was found between histological properties of photoaged skin and noninvasive measurements based on Raman and principal components analysis ( PCA ). These relationships can be used to assess noninvasively the photoinduced damage and chronological characteristics of skin.
CSD 1031094: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Collaborative Training and Practice among Applied Behavior Analysts who Support Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Increasingly, practicing behavior analysts play an integral role as interdisciplinary team members to develop instructional programs for students with autism spectrum disorder. However, there is a lack of research on collaborative training and practice as it relates to professionals in the field of ABA. In this study, 302 behavioral professionals, 95% of whom worked with individuals with ASD, were surveyed regarding what training they received in collaboration, the type and extent of collaborative interactions with other professionals, variables they perceive to inhibit and facilitate collaboration, and the extent to which they view collaboration as a valuable component of their practice. Results indicate that while applied behavior analysts frequently collaborate with a variety of professionals and view collaboration as important, on average they received little or no formal training in collaboration, were more likely to provide than to adopt programming recommendations from professionals except for those with similar training, and reported lower ratings with respect to the experience and value of collaboration in their practice. Collectively, results highlight a need to increase collaborative training of practicing behavior analysts, particularly in relation to providing recommendations to and adopting recommendations from non-behavioral professionals, and to conduct research on modes of collaboration that lead to best outcomes.
Characterization of N,N’-bis(3-Picolyl)-4-Methoxy-Isophtalamide (Picotamide) as a Dual Thromboxane Synthase Inhibitor/Thromboxane A2 Receptor Antagonist in Human Platelets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Picotamide (G137 or N,N’-bis[3-picolyl]-4-methoxy-iso- phtalamide), a drug which has shown platelet inhibitory effects in vitro and ex vivo, was investigated for its mechanism of action on human platelets in vitro. This compound suppresses the aggregation of human platelets induced by arachidonic acid (IC50: 1.8 × 1(T5 M), low-dose collagen (IC50: 3.5 × 10-4 M), U46619 (IC50: 1.4 × 10-4 M) and by authentic TxA2 (IC50: 1 × 10-4 M), without affecting the aggregation induced by A23187 or primary aggregation by ADP. Picotamide inhibits dose-dependently TxA2 synthesis by platelets (IC50: 1.5 × 10-4 M) and enhances the formation of PGE2. Picotamide-treated platelets also favour the formation of PGI2 by aspirinated endothelial cells; in addition, the drug appears to exert a direct stimulatory effect on PGI2- synthesis, at least at high concentrations. Finally, in platelet-rich plasma stimulated with arachidonic acid, picotamide increases intraplatelet cAMP while no effects on cAMP are detected in unstimulated platelets. In conclusion, picotamide is a dual thromboxane-synthase inhibitor/thromboxane-receptor antagonist in human platelets and introduces a new class of agents potentially useful in antithrombotic therapy.
New Forensic ENF Reference Database for Media Recording Authentication Based on Harmony Search Technique Using GIS and Wide Area Frequency Measurements

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In forensic sciences, verification of digital media recordings is an important aspect. Electrical network frequency (ENF) criterion is a promising technique for media recording authentication. The ENF reference database is recorded from a single point on the power grid based on the fact that the ENF variation is the same across all points on the grid. This fact is not valid in case of system disturbances, whereas the ENF as a reference database varies in time and space. Post-disturbance ENF recorded from a single point is mismatched with the ENF extracted from media recorded at any other point on the grid. This will lead to judicial errors in the forensic examination of recordings. A new method for establishing a robust ENF reference database using geographical information system (GIS) and wide area frequency measurements is proposed. The method is based on building the ENF reference database from a number of frequency sensors deployed over multipoint on the grid rather than single point. The minimum number of sensors required is determined according to the frequency sensitivity of the ENF extraction algorithm and the estimation accuracy of the frequency sensor. The sensors locations are decided based on partitioning the power grid to a set of geographical frequency coherent areas. A novel harmony search algorithm using GIS data and wide area frequency measurements is proposed to identify the geographical frequency coherent areas for different disturbance scenarios. Results showed that the proposed method can be used to enhance the accuracy of the ENF database matching process.
Clinical Case Reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two normotensive pregnant women who developed cerebral hemorrhage during delivery are reported. The hematoma was small and subcortical in one and large and putaminal in the other. They had no history of hypertension, cerebrovascular disorders, or eclampsia. Cerebral angiography studied in one case revealed no abnormalities. Idiopathic cerebral hemorrhage during delivery without any evidence of vascular risk factors is discussed.
Model-free Current Control of Boost PFC Converters in Synchronous Reference Frame

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel model-free current control scheme is proposed to enhance the property of input current controller for boost PFC converters under steady state. This scheme combines the advantages of model-free control and voltage-oriented control (VOC) to realize a high quality grid side ac input current waveform with unknown disturbances in a wide load power range. The results of comparative experiment tested on a 1000 W prototype demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme compared with the previous model-free current predictive control (MFPCC) scheme.
Interrelation between fibrosis, angiogenesis and ductular reaction in progression of chronic steatohepatitis (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) and hepatitis C virus infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most specific morphologic signs of chronic hepatitis were studied at early stages of the diseases. Aim. To elucidate the interrelation between fibrosis, angiogenesis and ductular reaction in chronic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C viral infection at the stage of cirrhotic transformation. Methods and results. 45 patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) at the stage of cirrhotic transformation were enrolled in this study and underwent clinicopathologic examination. The measures of fibrogenesis, angiogenesis and regeneration employed were α-SMA, CD34 and CK19 immunopositive cells respectively. The correlations of these factors with ASH, NASH and HCV were elucidated. Significant ductular reaction was observed only in HCV, whereas low CK19 index could be observed in ASH and NASH. CK19 index in HCV positively correlated with septal fibrosis and angiogenesis. The hepatic neovascularization is proportional to the degree of liver fibrosis in all three diseases. Conclusion. The results indicate that ductular reaction plays an important role in HCV progression at the stage of cirrhotic transformation whereas fibrosis and angiogenesis prevail in ASH and NASH at the stage of cirrhotic transformation.
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Combined with Fortanodyn Treating Blood Stasis Type of Cancer Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective] To observe the Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Combined with fortanodyn efficacy in the treatment of blood stasis type of cancer pain. [Methods] Using randomized controlled methods, 100 cases of hospitalized patients were randomly divided into two groups. A control group of 50 cases three step analgesic ladder routine application of analgesic drugs, AP-237, 0.6g/, 3 /d, oral. The treatment group of 50 cases of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(Taoren, Yanhusuo, Dangui each 15g, Chuanniuxi, Chuanxiong, Honghua,Shengdihua, Ruxiang each 10g, Jike, Jiegeng, Chishao each 6g, Zhigancao, Chaihu, Sanqifen blunt each 3g, Baihuasheshecao 30g), 1 doses of /d, the former 10d of water fried 200mL, sooner or later oral; after 20d, the drug is crushed into water pill, 10g/, 3 /d, oral western medicine treatment with the control group. Continuous treatment with 30d for 1 courses. Observation of clinical symptoms, adverse reaction. Continuous 3 courses of treatment, the curative effect. [Results] The treatment group cured 4 cases, effective in 32 cases, effective 12 cases, invalid 2 cases, the total efficiency of 96%. The control group cured 1 cases, effective in 24 cases, effective 16 cases, invalid 9 cases, the total efficiency of 82%. The treatment group was better than control group(P 0.01). [Conclusion] Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Combined with fortanodyn significantly in pain treatment of blood stasis type of cancer, worthy of promotion.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE – A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER OF PERIODONTITIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN – A. B. OCHEMICAL STUDY

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and objective: Periodontal disease is one of the common inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and is multifactorial in origin.Several enzymes are evaluated for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease. The enzyme ALP plays a role in bone metabolism. In the periodontium, ALP is very important enzyme as it is part of normal turnover of periodontal ligament, root cementum, and bone homeostasis. The deficiency of estrogen in women at menopause is contributing factor to osteoporosis and considered one of the risk factors for periodontal disease. It has been hypothesized that osteoporosis decreases alveolar bone density and in turn increases its susceptibility to resorption due to periodontal inflammation. Accelerated bone loss in menopause is related to increased bone turnover. This is accompanied by increased levels of biochemical markers such as Alkaline Phosphatase. Alteration in salivary Alkaline Phosphatase levels might be expected as an indication of periodontal disease activity. Methods: The study included 40 subjects, 20 in each group in the age group of 50-60 years. Group 1 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women without chronic periodontitis. Group 2 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Each saliva sample was estimated for ALP levels. Results: The present study showed significant increase in Alkaline Phosphatase in postmenopausal women with periodontitis (Group 2) with p value <0.0001. Interpretation and conclusion: Alkaline phosphatase can be used as a diagnostic marker of Periodontitis in postmenopausal women. However ALP cannot be solely responsible for Periodontitis but it can be used as a additional aid in diagnosing Periodontitis.
Mathematical Modeling in Bioinformatics: Application of an Alignment-Free Method Combined with Principal Component Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an alignment-free bioinformatics technique, termed the 20D-Dynamic Representation of Protein Sequences, is utilized to investigate the similarity/dissimilarity between Baculovirus and Echinococcus multilocularis genome sequences. In this method, amino acid sequences are depicted as 20D-dynamic graphs, comprising sets of “material points” in a 20-dimensional space. The spatial distribution of these material points is indicative of the sequence characteristics and is quantitatively described by sequence descriptors akin to those employed in dynamics, such as coordinates of the center of mass of the 20D-dynamic graph and the tensor of the moment of inertia of the graph (defined as a symmetric matrix). Each descriptor unveils distinct features of similarity and is employed to establish similarity relations among the examined sequences, manifested either as a symmetric distance matrix (“similarity matrix”), a classification map, or a phylogenetic tree. The classification maps are introduced as a new way of visualizing the similarity relations obtained using the 20D-Dynamic Representation of Protein Sequences. Some classification maps are obtained using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the center of mass coordinates and normalized moments of inertia of 20D-dynamic graphs as input data. Although the method operates in a multidimensional space, we also apply some visualization techniques, including the projection of 20D-dynamic graphs onto a 2D plane. Studies on model sequences indicate that the method is of high quality, both graphically and numerically. Despite the high similarity observed among the sequences of E. multilocularis, subtle discrepancies can be discerned on the 2D graphs. Employing this approach has led to the discovery of numerous new similarity relations compared to our prior study conducted at the DNA level, using the 4D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, another alignment-free bioinformatics method also introduced by us.
The burden of lung disease in Europe: why a European White Book on lung disease?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

On November 25, 2003, the European Lung White Book was presented officially to members of the European Parliament in Brussels, Belgium. This project was initiated 5 yrs ago when the Executive Committee of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) decided to inform the European Community and European Union (EU) decision-makers about the increasing burden of lung disease and the importance of lung health. The European Lung White Book then became part of a global public health awareness campaign supported by the European Lung Foundation: the “Breath of Life” campaign. The main objectives of this White Book, which is the first document to include epidemiological data collected from all European countries on the full spectrum of respiratory disorders are as follows:

1) To raise public awareness of the importance of lung diseases and measures necessary to counter their increase. Major respiratory disorders, pneumonia (third), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; fifth), tuberculosis (TB; sixth) and lung cancer (ninth) currently rank among the 10 …
Prefabricated Tilt-up Concrete Panels for Blast Resistant Design PREPRINT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engineering research efforts in the area of blast-resistant design is a priority of many government, military, and civilian organizations. Prefabricated tilt-up panels have become a very common method for conventional construction. This effort will present the development of an analytical model for creating static resistance functions which can be used in a single degree of freedom (SDOF) dynamic model. The results of the SDOF model can be used to predict and design the response of prefabricated tilt-up panels as blast walls. The paper will describe the performance of tilt-up panels for blast resistance using analytical models and full-scale field tests using live explosives. The results of the analytical dynamic model are verified using the field experiments, and the procedure is implemented into a user-friendly engineering design and analysis code, Air Force Wall Analysis Code (AFWAC).
Determination of Lanthanoids in Shellfish by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lanthanoid elements in hard tissue(shell and pearl) of shellfish were determined and their distributions were examined by ICP-MS. The ICP-MS signals for lanthanoids contained in these samples were highly suppressed by coexisting calcium, the macro-component, which made the determination of lanthanoids difficult. To resolve this problem, we applied the coprecipitationseparation method with ferric hydroxide to separation of the lanthanoids from the interfering element, calcium. All the lanthanoids were coprecipitated quantitatively and separated at pH9. Pearl and shell samples were dissolved in inorganic acids and filtered, then the 14 lanthanoid elements in the sample solution were simultaneously determined. The lanthanoids contents in hard tissues ranged from 0.25 to 82ppb in Akoya ga.i of sea water shellfish ,and from 0.3 to 72 ppb in the Ikecho ga.i of Lake Biwa. It was found that the distribution of lanthanoid elements in these samples followed the Oddo and Harkins law.
An Efficient Synthesis of 1H-Pyrazolo [3, 4-B]Quinolones Derivatives Catalyzed by MSA in Aqueous Media Under Ultrasound Irradiation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel, eco-friendly, and highly efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 1Hpyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolonederivatives using methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as a catalyst in aqueous medium under ultrasound irradiation. This approach integrates the principles of green chemistry by employing water as a benign solvent and MSA as a biodegradable, non-volatile Brønsted acid catalyst. Ultrasound irradiation significantly accelerates the reaction through acoustic cavitation, leading to enhanced yields and reduced reaction times under mild conditions. The methodology is operationally simple, offers excellent chemoselectivity, and provides good to excellent yields of the desired fused heterocyclic products. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry. This protocol represents a sustainable and scalable alternative for the construction of biologically relevant pyrazoloquinolone scaffolds, with potential applications in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry.