jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does "it get better"?: childhood bullying and the positive mental health of LGBT Canadians in adulthood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals belong to one of the most discriminated groups in Canada and abroad. Using minority stress theory, researchers have found that such a climate of homophobia and transphobia has been associated with negative mental health outcomes among LGBTQ individuals. However, despite the presence of campaigns such as the “It Gets Better Project”, few academics have explored whether it does “get better” for LGBTQ people who have experienced anti-LGBTQ prejudice in their youth; and further, few academics have explored whether such individuals who have experienced prejudice can flourish in terms of their positive mental health. Positive mental health explores how individuals can be resilient and thrive within society; it looks at positive feelings people have about themselves, others and society. However, it does not mean an absence of negative mental health outcomes, in that individuals with depression, for example, can also flourish in respect to their positive mental health. The purpose of the current thesis is to extend minority stress theory in order to consider the long-term relationship between childhood bullying and positive mental health among LGBTQ adults. Using a hierarchical ordinary least squares regression model and a sample of LGBTQ education professionals, the current study found that there was a negative long-term relationship between childhood bullying and positive mental health among LGBTQ individuals. Further, disclosing one’s LGBTQ identity, and measures of LGBTQ-inclusion and support were all associated with flourishing levels of positive mental health, although they did not fully mitigate the effects of childhood bullying. The implications of the results were discussed in relation to future practices to reduce homophobia and transphobia within society, and in turn, reduce minority stress and maintain a flourishing state of positive mental health among all LGBTQ members.
Escherichia coli heme oxygenase modulates host innate immune responses: Bacteria modulate the immune response

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Induction of mammalian heme oxygenase-1 and exposure of animals to carbon monoxide ameliorates experimental colitis. When enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli, are exposed to low iron conditions, they express an heme oxygenase-like enzyme, chuS, and metabolize heme into iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. Given the abundance of enteric bacteria residing in the intestinal lumen, we hypothesized that commensal intestinal bacteria may be a significant source of carbon monoxide, with the consequence that enteric bacteria expressing chuS and other heme oxygenase -like molecules suppress inflammatory immune responses through release of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide exposed mice have altered enteric bacterial composition and increased E. coli 16S and chuS DNA by real-time PCR. Moreover, severity of experimental colitis correlates with increased E. coli chuS expression in IL-10 deficient mice. To explore functional roles, E. coli were genetically modified to overexpress chuS or the chuS gene was deleted. Co-culture of chuS-overexpressing E. coli with bone marrow derived macrophages results in decreased IL-12 p40 and increased IL-10 secretion compared to wild-type or chuS-deficient E. coli. Mice infected with chuS-overexpressing E. coli have increased levels of hepatic carbon monoxide and decreased serum IL-12 p40 compared to mice infected with chuS-deficient E. coli. Thus, carbon monoxide alters the composition of the commensal intestinal microbiota and expands E. coli populations harboring the chuS gene. These bacteria are capable of attenuating innate immune responses through expression of chuS. Bacterial heme oxygenase -like molecules and bacterial-derived carbon monoxide may represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory conditions.
A simple dip coat patterning of aluminum oxide to constitute a bistable memristor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Charge transport studies on a bipolar resistive random access memory device based on aluminum oxide were successfully undertaken. The device was designed in a simple metal–insulator–metal format, which was characterized in detail for structural, morphological and electrical measurements. A low cost technique has been adopted for the formation of the memristive element, exhibiting three orders of magnitude change between its two states of conductivity. The obtained memristive behavior is explained based on evidence obtained from charge transport characteristics. Formation/rupture of the conducting filament by external electric field is found to be the main mechanism behind resistive switching.
The Rise of Intangibles and Fall of Accounting

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In which we present the first reason for the waning usefulness of financial (accounting) information—the surge of intangible (intellectual) assets (patents, brands, information technology)—to become the prime value creators of businesses. We document empirically that the failure of the accounting system to reflect the value of these assets in financial reports, to properly account for their impact on firms' operations, and to provide investors with information about the exposure of these assets to threats of infringement and disruption, is a major cause of accounting's relevance lost. How ironic (or sad) that largely irrelevant assets to companies' growth and competitive edge—like inventory, accounts receivable, or plant & machinery—remain prominently displayed on corporate balance sheets, whereas patents, brands, IT, or unique business processes are accounting MIAs.
Present Understanding of the Nature of Stress-Anneal-Induced Anisotropy in FINEMET-type Magnets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Possible sources of the stress-anneal-induced anisotropy in FINEMET-type magnets are reviewed and discussed resulting in a conclusion that the most probable origin of this anisotropy is the atomic pair directional ordering. It is also evidenced that the anisotropy considered is usually of an easy-plane type.
A general solution of the ripple-averaged kinetic equation (GSRAKE)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general solution of the ripple-averaged kinetic equation, GSRAKE, is presented and used to investigate neoclassical transport in the model magnetic field of a simple stellarator. No assumptions are made as to the relative sizes of the collision frequency, nu , and poloidal precessional frequency, as, so that the solution is valid throughout the entire long-mean-free-path regime. Separate but fully self-consistent treatments of both localized and non-localized particles are provided; the interaction between these two classes of particles is accounted for through a set of appropriate physical boundary conditions. All drift terms present within the framework of the ripple-averaged theory are included; in particular, for localized particles Omega theta = Omega E+ Omega Del B is comprised of both the E*B and Del B precessional frequencies. The solution is thus equally valid in the Omega E>> Omega Del B and the Omega E=0 limits of standard neoclassical theory. A detailed comparison of results with those of the FLOCS code is undertaken; estimates of neoclassical transport coefficients obtained from several codes are also presented. Agreement of results is found in all of these comparisons, GSRAKE requiring but a tiny fraction of the computational time necessary for the other codes.
Punctuated Equilibrium and Path Dependency in Coexistence: The Israeli Health System and Theories of Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Israel's enactment of national health insurance was clearly a breakthrough. However, other aspects of reform that were supposed to be implemented simultaneously were stymied, in particular, the conversion of government hospitals to independent trusts and removing the Ministry of Health from the direct provision of services such as mental health and long-term care. This article explores how punctuated equilibrium and path dependency coexist in the Israeli case. In doing so, it examines the relevance of concepts provided by various theories of social and institutional change. Aside from path dependency and punctuated equilibrium, we discuss other notions derived from related theories, such as political leadership and the role of ideas. Applying these theories to the Israeli case helps better understand the coexistence of punctuated equilibrium and path dependency.
SCN4M-DL: An Adaptive Directory-Less Service Discovery System for MANETs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Service discovery systems over MANETs are demanded to find available services at an appropriate cost, even if nodes in MANETs frequently move, randomly join or leave, and services may be revoked by their owners. SCN4M-DL is an adaptive directory-less service discovery system for MANETs, and it meets the above challenges by deeply coupling with underlying geographic routing algorithm and setting configurable service renewal. The storage consumption and network traffic are under control due to the adopted ring-based service register and discovery mechanism. Extensive experiments are also conducted. The result data, i.e. the discovery request's success rates and the corresponding costs, show that SCN4M-DL can adapt well to MANET's characteristics and the changes of service states.
Challenges in diagnosing and managing hyper-IgE syndrome in a resource-limited setting: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and importance: Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), also known as Job syndrome, is a rare immunodeficiency disorder characterized by elevated immunoglobulin E levels and recurrent infections. Diagnosing and managing HIES in resource-limited settings is challenging due to the lack of advanced diagnostic tools. This report highlights the necessity of clinical evaluation and basic laboratory investigations for diagnosing HIES. Case presentation: A 3-year-old male presented with fever, cough, and widespread pustular lesions. He had a history of recurrent respiratory infections and otitis media. Physical examination revealed characteristic facial features, skin findings, and laboratory investigations showed elevated immunoglobulin E levels (>3000 IU/ml) and leukocytosis. A clinical diagnosis of HIES was made, and the patient responded well to antibiotics, antihistamines, and topical steroids. Clinical discussion: HIES is caused by genetic mutations affecting immune function, primarily involving STAT3 and DOCK8 genes. Diagnosis in resource-limited settings relies on clinical features and basic investigations. Challenges include the unavailability of genetic testing. Management includes antibiotics and symptomatic relief adapted to available resources. Conclusion: Diagnosing and managing HIES in resource-limited settings requires adaptation of clinical approaches to available resources. This case underscores the importance of clinical vigilance and basic diagnostic tools in diagnosing rare immunodeficiencies.
Participation of Stakeholders in Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation: A Strategy For Community and Corporate Sustainability (Case Study of Gold Mining Activity in Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The sharing and participation of stakeholders from the Government and the community are essential in mining activities. They are concerned with the role of businesses in society's development. A corporate social responsibility (CSR) program aims at enhancing the well-being of the community. This study aims to analyze stakeholder participation in implementing the CSR program. Interviews were conducted on selected respondents based on specific criteria (purposive sampling). Field observations were carried out in the northern Rarowatu sub-district, Bombana Regency in 2015-2019. A total of 30 respondents were selected, consisting of 15 government employees and 15 members of the public. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method to determine relevant themes. Findings show three main themes from government feedback in implementing CSR programs: informing from companies, placation, and partnerships. Community activity in the CSR program has only two main themes: information and collaboration. Although Arnstein described eight stages of participation, the present study only describes three levels of participation, where stakeholders are only at the information mediation level. Therefore, this study supports some of the concepts presented by Arnstein. This level of participation suggests that stakeholders are involved in CSR implementation and community development sustainability. In conclusion, the viability of the company's business and good relations with stakeholders comprising the Government and some members of the public should be maintained. They should be fully elaborate in the enterprise's planning, implementation, and evaluation process.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER SANITIZER BUNGA LAWANG (Illiacium verum Hook. f) pada BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Some diseases caused by microorganisms on the hands are diarrhea, diphteria, boils, typhus and others. The bacteria that most often contaminate the skin of the hands are Staphylococcus aureus and Escheria coli, whose spreas most often transmitted from hand to hand. Bunga lawing are one of the medicinal plants that have been used in medicine. The purpose of this study was determine the antibacterial activity of gel hand essential oil sanitizer gel preparation (Illiacium verum Hook.f) to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escheria coli bacteria compared to sanitizer Dettol gel hand. This was carried out with the experimental method. Essential oil of bunga lawing is extracted using a heat method, namely soxhletation. The antibacterial activity test in this study used the agar diffusion method (disc diffusion). The measurement of the diameter of the inhibited area formed were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA statistical test. The results of antibacterial activity of bunga lawang sanitizer hand have lower antibacterial activity gel hand sanitizer Dettol. In the diameter of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria the highest rate 0f hand flower sanitizer gel was 15,1 mm while the sanitizer gel hand wash 21,4 mm. In Escheria coli bacteria, the inhibitory diameter the sanitizer hand gel dettol was obtained at 20.1 mm, while the lawang handsanitizer gel obtained the highest inhibition diameter of 13.1 mm. The results of data analysis using a one-way ANOVA statistical test showed a sig value p<0,05 so that there were significant differences between the gel hand to the inhibitory power of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escheria coli bacteria. Keywords: Bunga lawang, hand sanitizer gel, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Enhancing Transformer Ageing Prediction in NOMs Methodology: Incorporating Demand Data Analysis

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In response to escalating electrical demands from Electric Vehicles and Heat Pumps, the impact on transformer aging has been comprehensively investigated. By incorporating extensive demand data analysis, this study enhances the Network Output Measures methodology to predict transformer aging more accurately. The penetration of Electric Vehicles and adoption of Heat Pumps, which are expected to double the typical household electricity consumption, are quantified and simulated. This simulation uses detailed data from a lead asset database, applying comprehensive equations to predict the aging and degradation of transformers under increased load conditions. This study presents a critical advancement in the understanding and management of transformer aging under the increased stress imposed by modern energy demands. The results highlight the accelerated aging process, quantified as a rate substantially higher than under normal conditions. A revised approach to the Network Output Measures methodology is proposed, emphasizing the need for integrating real-time monitoring and advanced analytics to better manage the life cycle of electrical network assets.
Validación por expertos del cuestionario “infancia y participación”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents the study of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire “Childhood and Participation” designed within the framework of an ongoing research to cen-sus the forms of participation identified in the municipalities that are part of the network of Ciudades Amigas de la Infancia and/or to Asociación Internacional de Ciudades Educadoras. The questionnaire (in its dual version, one for technical figures and the other for elected officials from the municipal context) made it possible to describe the elements and charac-teristic practices (conceptual, functional, organizational and operational references) linked to the exercise of child citizenship at the local level. First, it presents the theoretical foundation and the model of participation from which it is based, from which the objectives, content, and internal structure of the instrument are specified. Below, the procedure followed to design, verify and establish the validation of the questionnaire in a participatory process structured in 3 phases, taking as a criterion the temporality of the procedure: the construction of the initial version; verification and validation (pilot test) and, finally, post-validation by the framework project research team. The procedural aspects and the results obtained from the point of view of the ecological validity of the questionnaire, the reliability as a concordance of criteria between researchers and participants, are offered by means of the coefficient of “Kappa de Fleiss”, and the assessment of both metric qualities, as a validity of judgment, once the final version has been administered. The usefulness and interest of this instrument in research aimed at analyzing the state of children’s participation in municipalities is confirmed.
Determination of toxicity and chromatographic analysis of spilanthol content in in vitro culture of Spilanthes oleracea Jacq.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spilanthes oleracea Jacq. has been extensively used due to its pharmacological activities, and it has been considered as a promising vegetable crop. Nodal-segment cultures of S. oleracea were established in order to analyze the content of alkamide spilanthol. On average, 11 buds/nodal segment were developed after 30 days on MS basal salts liquid medium containing 2.22 μM benzyladenine (BA). Regenerated shoots formed complete plantlets in medium without growth regulators, and 80.2% of the regenerated plantlets survived in field conditions. Higher production of spilanthol (58.5% relative area) was obtained from the leaves and stems of plants grown in liquid medium up to 90 days, than in field-grown plants. Addition of BA to the culture medium significantly affected spilanthol accumulation. The production of spilanthol was also detected on the shoot basal callus. The spilanthol content varied with the plant organ in micropropagated plants. Ethanolic extract of leaves from field-grown plants showed no acute toxicology in Swiss mice at a dosage of 3 g/kg. Key words: Spilanthes oleracea, toxicity, plant regeneration, calli, spilanthol, gas chromatography.
Other Imaging Techniques for Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diffuse interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a generic term encompassing a broad range of largely unrelated conditions that share the propensity to cause breathlessness and/or cough associated with bilateral abnormal opacities of various types on conventional chest radiographs or computed tomographic (CT) scans. The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are a subset of diffuse interstitial lung diseases characterized by expansion of the interstitial compartment (i.e., that portion of the lung parenchyma sandwiched between the epithelial and endothelial basement membranes) by an infiltrate of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory infiltrate is sometimes accompanied by fibrosis either in the form of abnormal collagen deposition or proliferation of fibroblasts capable of collagen synthesis. Recent international consensus has defined these entities more specifically, with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) being based upon the histological appearances of a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, thus distinguishing it from other interstitial fibrosing pneumonias of known causes and those with different histological patterns of unknown cause (1).
The Physics of Foraging

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We relate findings in physics to biological processes like foraging. As in physics, the critical attribute of any individual (elementary particle or animal) is the fact that the dynamics of its behavior cannot be defined with certainty because the individual is inseparable from its history. An individual animal’s behavior reflects its evolutionary history (e.g., morphology and physiology), its cultural history (e.g., social and physical environment where the individual is reared), and its ongoing interactions with the environment. This does not mean that behaviors occur in an arbitrary fashion. It means only that the behavior of any individual is determined by connections to a larger historical whole. Because we do not know all of these connections precisely, and because their interrelationships lead to emergent properties, the classical notion of cause and effect must be supplemented with notions of self-organization. Ultimately, each individual’s behavior is unique, and the process of foraging can be understood only in a dynamic context, in terms of movement, interaction, and transformation.