jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Question of Vagal Tone in Monkeys (Macaca mulatto)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Radiotelemetrical registration of the ECG in monkeys enabled us to obtain new data on their vagal tone by means of elimination of different environmental stimuli as well as strain of defense and orientating responses which diminish the tone of vagal center. On the background of that resting condition, atropin action was investigated. The reasons preconditioning the former wrong opinion of a mildly-expressed tone of cardiac innervation vagal center are discussed here.
Not about Nightingales: Tennessee Williams as Social Activist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"I am at last being sincerely aroused in my social consciousness," Tom Williams, 27, wrote in his journal in October 1938. He had just written "a pretty strong denunciation of Fascism" as a news release for Sinclair Lewis's anti-Fascist play, It Can't Happen Here (1936), a forthcoming production of the St. Louis Mummers. That same month he was deep into writing his own political expose, which would become Not about Nightingales. Actually, the germs of social protest incubated in Tom at age thirteen when, on his first typewriter, he wrote "Demon Smoke," a verse tirade against St. Louis air pollution, published in his junior high yearbook. He would always consider his forced move from the tiny town of Clarksdale, Mississippi, to the factory city of St. Louis a tragedy, although it became the irritant which provoked his early plays.
Using native biodiversity to restore metal-polluted soil in tropical Africa: A case study in the copper belt of Katanga (DR Congo)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In Katanga (D.R. Congo), a long history of mining activities has contaminated soils with heavy metals over very large areas. This represents a major concern to sustainable development and human health. Ecological restoration of those areas is challenging. The speech will present the results of a cooperation development project with the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of Lubumbashi, focused on the restoration of soil polluted by the metallurgical industry. The most original ecosystems in Katanga are the so-called i.e. natural outcrops of bedrock enriched in copper and cobalt. The natural vegetation of copper hills is surprisingly rich and diversified. The project developed applied ecological research in copper hills and ex situ i.e. in a botanic garden created for the occasion. A number of “metallophytes” have been screened for heavy metal tolerance and accumulation and for other traits of interest. One species has emerged as a good candidate and has been successfully domesticated in the botanic garden. The first in situ “phytostabilisation” trials have been installed in the area contaminated by atmospheric fallout downwind the copper smelter of Lubumbashi. Establishment, growth and survival have been monitored for 5 years. The results show that Katangan metallophytes exhibit extraordinary ecophysiological properties which are still poorly understood. They represent unique biological resources to ecological restoration of metal-polluted soils in tropical regions. The conservation of those resources must be explicitly considered in ongoing and future mining projects in Katanga.
Accelerator-Based Methods in Radio-Material 99Mo/99mTc Production Alternatives by Monte Carlo Method: The Scientific-Expedient Considerations in Nuclear Medicine

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Some accelerator technologies are already used for commercial [Formula: see text]Mo- 99m Tc production, as the economic criteria are considered representative of the main differences between diverse technologies including accelerators and reactors. This study has provided a review of known and potential [Formula: see text]Mo production using conventional medical facilities. Accelerator-based method in 99m Tc production via ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) direct reaction on [Formula: see text]Mo was simulated using 18[Formula: see text]MeV proton beam. Meanwhile, a conceptual design for indirect [Formula: see text]Mo production via [Formula: see text]Mo([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]Mo and [Formula: see text]Mo(n,[Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text]Mo reactions was investigated when an electron source of 35[Formula: see text]MeV by accelerator is used. These indirect reactions were explored via inserted [Formula: see text]Mo samples at different positions inside the lead region. Furthermore, Adiabatic Resonance Crossing (ARC) method based on proton accelerator via transmutation in [Formula: see text]Mo([Formula: see text]Mo was examined when the 30[Formula: see text]MeV proton beam is used. Saturation activity and yield were investigated using alternative proposed methods. The potential proliferation risk associated with accelerator technetium production is minimal. While accelerators could be turned into neutron sources which could in turn be used to irradiate [Formula: see text]U to breed plutonium, and centrifuges used to enrich [Formula: see text]Mo for targets could conceivably be turned to enriching uranium, this would result in very tiny global production capability particularly compared with research or power reactors. The potential of the fresh methods could provide a replacement or complement over current reactor-based supply sources in various radioisotopes production purposes.
Treatment of very low birth weight infants:a report of 22 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the clinical therapy for treatment of very low birth weight infants.Methods:The clinical manifestation of 22 very low birth weight infants was analyzed.Comprehensive therapy such as incubator rewarming,respiratory monitoring,blood glucose controlling and electrolyte acid-base balance maintaining was given during the inpatient care;and the cases with hyperbillrubinemia received blue-ray treatment and nutrition management in addition.Results:The average hospital stay was forty-two days.Eighteen cases were discharged alive,two cases died and two cases left without permission.Conclusions:The treatment of very low birth weight infants should focus on warm-keeping,breathing care,reasonable feeding,and intravenous nutrition.Active management of various complications should also be emphasized.
The xenobiotic β‐aminobutyric acid enhances Arabidopsis thermotolerance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The non‐protein amino acid β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) primes Arabidopsis to respond more quickly and strongly to pathogen and osmotic stress. Here, we report that BABA also significantly enhances acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. This thermotolerance was dependent on heat shock protein 101, a critical component of the normal heat‐shock response. BABA did not enhance basal thermotolerance under a severe heat‐shock treatment. No roles for the hormones ethylene and salicylic acid in BABA‐induced acquired thermotolerance were identified by mutant analysis. Using global gene expression analysis, transcript levels for several transcription factors and DNA binding proteins regulating responses to the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were found to be elevated in BABA‐treated plants compared with water‐treated plants. The role of ABA in BABA‐induced thermotolerance was complex. BABA‐enhanced thermotolerance was partially compromised in the ABA‐insensitive mutant, abi1‐1 , but was augmented in abi2‐1 . In an unrelated process, BABA, like ABA, inhibited root growth, and the level of inhibition was roughly additive in roots treated with both compounds. Root growth of both abi1‐1 and abi2‐1 was also inhibited by BABA. Unexpectedly, abi1‐1 and abi2‐1 root growth was inhibited more strongly by combined ABA and BABA treatments than by BABA alone. Our results, together with previously published data, suggest that BABA is a general enhancer of plant stress resistance, and that cross‐talk occurs between BABA and ABA signalling cascades. Specifically, the BABA‐mediated accumulation of ABA transcription factors without concomitant activation of a downstream ABA response could represent one component of the BABA‐primed state in Arabidopsis.
The Economics of Information, Deep Capture, and the Obesity Debate

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The economic theory of regulatory capture predicts that industry groups will attempt to influence their regulators (for example, by lobbying for rules that exclude competition). It has been suggested that the same logic applies to any powerful institution with the ability to affect industry profits. When the aim of industry is to alter the public's perception of its product (for example, by disseminating favorable messages to the news media or via an advertising campaign, or by funding industry‐friendly scientific research), the end result has been dubbed deep capture. We develop a formal model of deep capture, in which consumers have imperfect information about product quality, and a dominant producer is able to increase his profits by altering the parameters of the consumer's search problem. We demonstrate the empirical relevance of the phenomenon with a discussion of the food industry response to the obesity epidemic.
Peculiarities of cardiac muscle myosin ATPase functioning

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Досліджено вплив фізіологічно важливих для скоротливих процесів двовалентних катіонів, іонної сили та рН середовища на активність міозинової АТРази серцевого м'яза. Отримані результати порівняно з результатами вивчення міозину інших типів м'язів – скелетних та гладеньких. Обговорюється залежність фізіологічних властивостей м'язів різних типів від фізико-хімічних та структурних особливостей міозину
Superhyperfine interactions in Ce3+ doped LiYF4 crystal: ENDOR measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The first observation of the resolved Mims electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra from the nearby and remote nuclei of 19F and 7Li nuclei on impurity Ce3+ ions in LiYF4 crystal is reported. It shows that LiYF4:Ce3+ system can be exploited as a convenient matrix for performing spin manipulations and adjusting quantum computation protocols while ENDOR technique could be used for the investigation of electron-nuclear interaction with all the nuclei of the system and exploited for the electron-nuclear spin manipulations.
Optimized mixture of As, Cd and Pb induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in C6-glioma via astroglial activation, inflammation and P38-MAPK.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in select combinations are proved to affect the viability of astrocyte. However, their role in glioma, an aggressive astroglial tumor, is unexplored. We analyzed the effect of As+Cd+Pb on C6-glioma cells derived from rat glioma. We determined the lethal concentration (LC) of individual metal, and then treated C6-glioma cells with As+Cd+Pb at LC-5 (As: 5 mM, Cd: 2.5 mM and Pb: 15 mM), and concentrations that were double or triple of LC5. As+Cd+Pb induced dose-dependent reduction in C6-glioma viability. Cell death was due to apoptotic DNA fragmentation, detected through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick-end labeling. An enhanced cleavage of caspase-9 indicated the apoptosis to be mitochondria-mediated. An increase in pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated-X protein (Bax) and decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl2 resulting in a Bax/Bcl2 ratio > 1.0 validated mitochondrial apoptosis. Exploring apoptotic regulatory mechanism revealed an alteration in glial cell morphology and augmentation of astroglial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), that demonstrated co-localization with cleaved caspase-9. The glial activation was accompanied by inflammation, involving the up-regulation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1-receptor. IL-1 also contributed to apoptosis, as evident from the attenuation of cleaved caspase-9 upon treatment with IL-1receptor antagonist. Investigating the involvement of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) revealed the activation of P38 as indicated by an increased phospho-p38 expression. p38-MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, prevented caspase-9 activation, which further suppoted the involvement of p38-MAPK in C6-glioma apoptosis. Overall our data demonstrate the toxic effect of As+Cd+Pb on C6-glioma, which is mediated by mitochondria-dependent apoptosis that requires astroglial activation, inflammation and p38-MAPK signaling. As+Cd+Pb combination treatment may have a potential therapeutic usage against glial tumors.
PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING THRU GOOGLE APPS AT ODL DEPARTMENT CREDIS OF UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Virtual learning environments have gained a great deal of attention in the education community in recent years. Most of the literature on e-learning or other kinds of learning in virtual learning settings, concentrates on the delivery of information or content, putting on the second place or leaving in a shadow the importance of the context and therefore of the scenario that makes possible and successful the delivery of the content. The aim of the present article is to expose the psycho-pedagogical aspects of Constructivist learning thru Google Apps at ODL department Credis of University of Bucharest focusing mostly on the importance of teaching-learning scenario. The case study is focused on the idea that learning is seen as a confluence of for domains or spheres as the subjective experience sphere, the information or content sphere, the institutional sphere and the community sphere wherein each exerts a significant influence on the student`s learning proportionally with the emphasis of the teacher. This article shows that the context together with the content are essential in any design paradigm, in this case in Constructivist paradigm and the psycho-pedagogical aspects of the relation between interaction and activity, like a better understanding of the content, the generation of new ideas based on interaction between previous knowledge and new content and construction of the knowledge. Also is shown the complexity of interaction between content and experience, individuality and community, communication and structure, and standards and flexibility. The overarching outcome will be a coherent image of the psycho-pedagogical aspects of the scenario of a master course designed to enhance ideas with technology based on a Constructivist approach.
‘Om weer mens te word’: Identiteit, onreg, skuld en restitusie in die RSG-vertelreeks Almal het ’n storie

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A history of internal division marks the Afrikaans speech community. In the past the Afrikaans language was often claimedas ‘the white man language’, a presupposition that led to the common assertion that it was ‘the language of apartheid’. Much of the politics underlying these historical perceptions involve the expression of Afrikaner nationalism during the 20th century. Since the early 1990s the South African society has undergone fundamental political and social changes, also regarding the Afrikaans language. This article explores an Afrikaans radio series Almal het ’n storie (“Everyone has a story”) that illustrates some of these changes regarding current identity formation and social restitution processes. The article will provide an overview of Almal het ’n storie, followed by brief summaries of the story lines of two selected storytelling performances and a closer analysis of its underlying expressions of identity. A more generalised discussion of identity formation and restitution in the radio series will conclude the paper. To put these matters in overall perspective the identity politics of the Afrikaans language, a background history of the radio station and the series sponsor, an Afrikaans cultural association, and their recent strategic changes will introduce the paper along with an abbreviated overview of restitution as formulated in Elazar Barkan’s The Guilt of Nations: Resititution and Negotiating Historical Injustices (2000).
Haemophilus influenzae Outer Membrane Protein P6 Molecular Characterization May Not Differentiate All Strains of

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Distinguishing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus isolates by outer membrane protein (OMP) P6 gene sequencing is complicated by sequence variants in isolates. Further testing using RapID NH and multilocus sequence analysis may not help identify some isolates. Translated OMP P6 gene sequences are not conserved among all isolates presumed to be H. influenzae. Recently, Murphy et al. (9) identified Haemophilus hae-molyticus as a nasopharyngeal (NP) colonizer of humans and cautioned that this commensal might be confused with Hae-mophilus influenzae using routine microbiological methods. In that study, nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) was differ-entiated from H. haemolyticus using molecular techniques relying on the conserved sequence of P6 at 4 specific key residues. Residues 33, 42, 59, and 61 of outer membrane protein (OMP) P6 are alanine, alanine, aspartate, and threonine, respectively, in NTHi, while the corresponding residues in H. haemolyticus are glycine, serine, asparagine,
SAGE: Scalable Ground Truth Evaluations for Large Sparse Autoencoders

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A key challenge in interpretability is to decompose model activations into meaningful features. Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising tool for this task. However, a central problem in evaluating the quality of SAEs is the absence of ground truth features to serve as an evaluation gold standard. Current evaluation methods for SAEs are therefore confronted with a significant trade-off: SAEs can either leverage toy models or other proxies with predefined ground truth features; or they use extensive prior knowledge of realistic task circuits. The former limits the generalizability of the evaluation results, while the latter limits the range of models and tasks that can be used for evaluations. We introduce SAGE: Scalable Autoencoder Ground-truth Evaluation, a ground truth evaluation framework for SAEs that scales to large state-of-the-art SAEs and models. We demonstrate that our method can automatically identify task-specific activations and compute ground truth features at these points. Compared to previous methods we reduce the training overhead by introducing a novel reconstruction method that allows to apply residual stream SAEs to sublayer activations. This eliminates the need for SAEs trained on every task-specific activation location. Then we validate the scalability of our framework, by evaluating SAEs on novel tasks on Pythia70M, GPT-2 Small, and Gemma-2-2. Our framework therefore paves the way for generalizable, large-scale evaluations of SAEs in interpretability research.
PTH-075 Identification of IBD immunopathotypes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Currently only 1/3 of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients respond to the frontline therapies, but recent successes in stratification of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients into responders and non-responders have been reported. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these different treatment responses, and research is still far from developing cost-effective and feasible approaches to predict these responses.

Methods

Using peripheral blood samples and colonic biopsies, we aim to stratify CD patients into different immunopathotypes. We quantified frequencies of leukocyte populations and cytokines in peripheral blood of patients and healthy controls, using flow cytometry analysis and ELISAs. Cytokine and leukocyte population levels were correlated using Sparse PLS Discriminant Analysis. Additionally, gene expression data was generated by RNAseq from colonic biopsies to identify genes that were differentially expressed between active and remission CD samples, and healthy controls.

Results

Our initial analyses have identified 3 distinct clusters of CD patients based on expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cytokines. Patient clusters were found to either upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine only (Cluster A), upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines with altered frequencies of leukocyte populations (Cluster C) or solely display altered leukocyte frequencies (Cluster C). In order to further understand potential distinct disease mechanisms, significantly differentially expressed genes from the RNAseq data were analysed identifying genes that varied in expression in the CD cohort, resulting in 13 targets. These gene targets are currently validated in additional CD colonic biopsies using qPCR. Together with clinical information about treatment response and disease severity, these data will be used to investigate the capacity of the blood phenotyping and biopsy gene expression signatures to act as biomarkers to predict treatment responses in CD.

Conclusions

Based on our results it can be suggested that CD patients have different immunopathotypes, which might be associated with distinct treatment responses. Our ongoing work will assess these potential associations. Should strong associations be identified, their prognostic value will be assessed. Our eventual aim is to help ensure that CD patients receives the most appropriate treatment soon after diagnosis. This is likely to be crucial in limiting damage caused by ongoing inflammation.
Politiek verslag van de residentie Banda over het jaar 1856 - transcript

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Transcript of a political report on the Banda Islands by resident A.L. Andriesse to the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies. This transcript was made during Ph.D. research into the history of the Protestant Church on the Banda Islands in the 19th century. The manuscript is kept at the Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI, Indonesian National Archives) in Jakarta, Indonesia. Annotated fragments from this report were published in M. van Selm, De Protestantse Kerk op de Banda-eilanden 1795-1923. Een bronnenpublicatie (Zoetermeer 2004). This source publication is available online.
On the granting nature protection status to the Polesie State Radiation and Ecological Reserve

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Polesie State Radiation and Ecological Reserve (PSRER) has been operating since 1988 within the Belarusian sector of the evacuation (exclusion) zone after the Chernobyl accident. The specific composition of radionuclide fallout, the presence of fuel particles in ecosystems and the high density of radioactive contamination of the soil determined the “reserve” status of PSRER and long-term strategic aspects of its development. The key objectives of creating PSRER are to implement a set of measures to prevent the removal of radionuclides beyond its territory, the study of the state of natural plant complexes, wildlife, radiation and environmental monitoring, and radio-biological and radio-ecological research. At the same time, despite its high conservation potential, PSRER is not a specially natural protected area (SNPA). The article presents the results of analysis of the compliance of the PSRER territory with the general and special criteria for selecting natural territories for SNPA granting, established by Article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Specially Natural Protected Areas”. There are compelling reasons for giving this natural territory the status of SNPA with the category of a reserve: the territory meets 5 general criteria (criteria 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.7) and all 3 special criteria presented for declaring natural territories a reserve.