jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF COMPENSATORY CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN MORPHINE DEPENDENCE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Neither temporal nor environmental stimuli previously associated with chronic morphine administration had any effect on the degree of withdrawal (an index of dependence) as measured by aversion to a saccharin solution following the termination of drug administration. These results do not support a role of the compensatory classical conditioning model of Siegel (1975, 1976, 1977, 1978a, 1978b) in the development of morphine dependence. The failure to demonstrate the role of conditioning in dependence suggests that, contrary to tolerance, dependence is likely the result of some as yet undetermined physiological mechanism.
Gender differences in mathematics achievement in 3rd and 9th grade students: A large-scale study in Luxembourg.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2009, ÉpStan (Épreuves Standardisées) is an annual large-scale study in Luxembourg. It aims to evaluate Luxembourg's school system, in particular students’ achieved competency level in mathematics implemented in 3rd and 9th grade. The present study aims to investigate whether the existing gender gap in mathematics among 15-year-olds revealed by PISA 2012 can be confirmed in ÉpStan 9th grade and if it already exists in younger students’ mathematics performance (ÉpStan 3rd grade) (Robinson, & Theule Lubienski, 2011). Further, we study wether a gender gap in students’ drive, motivation and self-beliefs concerning mathematics performance exists.
Rapid Diagnosis of Methylmalonic and Propionic Acidemias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methylmalonic acidemias (MMAs) and propionic acidemias (PAs) comprise a group of congenital disorders of branched-chain amino acid metabolism (1). PA is caused by deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase, whereas MMA results from deficiency of either methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or defects in the production of adenosylcobalamin. Deficiency of vitamin B12, a cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, will also produce signs and symptoms consistent with MMA (2)(3)(4). Other biochemically closely related disorders are the cobalamin (Cbl) defects, classified as forms A through G (5). Clinical signs and symptoms include failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis, persistent ketotic episodes, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hyperammonemia, and neurologic symptoms (6). Children with PA, MMA, or Cbl disorders often present with acute illness as neonates or infants. Treatment of MMA and PA includes careful monitoring and limitation of branched-chain amino acid intake (4) as well as possible supplementation with biotin, vitamin B12, and l-carnitine (7).

Tests for the diagnosis of MMA and PA are most often performed on urine, plasma, and whole-blood samples and involve gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of organic acids (8)(9)(10)(11). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been used to semiquantitatively identify presymptomatic and affected infants (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Confirmation of these test results may involve enzymatic or DNA analysis (1). We report the validation of a high-throughput method for the analysis of acylcarnitine butyl esters in infants with these disorders and include the results from a prospective study of the occurrence of PA and MMA in nearly 1 million newborns screened using MS/MS.

Dried filter-paper blood samples were obtained from newborns (908 543 specimens) and infants ≥7 days of age (255 specimens). Samples were prepared and analyzed for acylcarnitines as butyl esters by electrospray MS/MS as …
Unlocking the fish drying process: insights from Char Patharghata in Chattagram district and its distribution channels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The process of fish drying in Char Patharghata, Chattagram district, and its distribution channels serve as vital components of the local economy. This study aims to delve into the intricacies of this process, analyzing the activities of each value chain actor from raw fish supplier to dry fish consumer. Through the analysis of various value chain actors, from fishermen to consumers, the study seeks to uncover insights into the dynamics of this industry. From January 2022 to August 2022, semi-structured questionnaires were employed to gather data for this study. Seven main value chain actors were identified, including fishermen, processing center owners, processors, Aratdars, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Interviews were conducted with 19 fishermen, 5 owners of dry fish processing industries, 48 processors, 25 Aratdars, 15 wholesalers, 18 retailers, and 22 consumers, selected randomly. The study revealed that a significant proportion of fishermen were illiterate and employed on a contractual basis by fishing vessel owners. Additionally, a substantial majority of dried fish processors were female, with disparities observed in wages between male and female workers. During the observed timeframe, a total of 19 species spanning 14 families were noted to be utilized for drying. Notably, Churi (Lepturacanthus savala), Phaisa (Setipinna phasa), and Hangor (Scoliodon sorrakowah) emerged as the predominant species in this process, with concerns raised regarding the maintenance of dried fish quality. The dried fish industry holds considerable economic importance in the local community, with high consumption rates among residents. However, challenges exist in maintaining the quality of dried fish products. Recommendations are proposed to improve the quality of dry fish and enhance the livelihood standards of fishers, processors, and other stakeholders involved in the processing and distribution of dried fish. These measures aim to foster sustainable growth and development within the industry, benefiting both producers and consumers. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2024, 10(1), 42-57
New Alliances for Tourism, Conservation and Development in Eastern and Southern Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book introduces and discusses new alliances related to the growth of tourism in Sub-Saharan Africa. The private sector is increasingly involved in inter-sectoral alliances to both capitalise on the growing tourism industry and contribute to wider economic development in the destinations. The first three chapters of this book discuss representative cases of such alliances in Mozambique, Zanzibar and Uganda. The chapters that follow examine evidence of growth in partnerships between public, private and third-sector organisations in tourism, conservation and development. These illustrate the variety of emerging partnerships and some of their consequences, by means of case studies from Kenya, Uganda, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa.
Time in lung cancer diagnosis and its prognostic implication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Lung cancer is mainly diagnosed in advanced or locally advanced stages. Looking for potential contributing factors, the impact of time of diagnostic process has been studied. Our aim was to analyze time of lung cancer diagnosis process and its prognostic implication in our environment. Methods: Observational prospective study of patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer through our Respiratory Department fast diagnostic track (FDT), between January and December 2016. Data from clinical history, survival status, complementary tests, and dates of diagnosis, were recorded. Time, from symptoms onset to beginning of treatment, was divided into three phases according to different care settings: before FDT, FDT process, and from histological diagnosis to treatment beginning. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to determine the prognostic impact of time of diagnosis process. Results: 88 patients (83.7% men; mean age 67(sd 11.1)) diagnosed with primary lung cancer were included. 94.1% of patients were smokers or former smokers. Most patients were diagnosed in advanced stage (48.2%). Mean global diagnosis time was 104 days [iqr 75.5-120 d]. Time of three different phases was: before FDT, 51 days [iqr 21-81d]; FDT process, 21 days [iqr 14-32 d] and from diagnosis to treatment, 21 days [iqr 14-33.2d]. Mean global survival was 479 days. Significant differences in survival were observed according to stage at diagnosis (p=0.00021). Though, when the model is adjusted by stage, sex and age, this significance disappears. Conclusion: In our environment, time of diagnosis process of lung cancer has no prognostic impact. In accordance with literature, stage at diagnosis is the main prognostic factor.
Transcriptional Profiling ofVibrio choleraeRecovered Directly from Patient Specimens during Early and Late Stages of Human Infection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Understanding gene expression by bacteria during the actual course of human infection may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera, in clinical specimens from cholera patients. We collected samples of human stool and vomitus that were positive by dark-field microscopy for abundant vibrios and used a microarray to compare gene expression in organisms recovered directly from specimens collected during the early and late stages of human infection. Our results reveal that V. cholerae gene expression within the human host environment differs from patterns defined in in vitro models of pathogenesis. tcpA , the major subunit of the essential V. cholerae colonization factor, was significantly more highly expressed in early than in late stages of infection; however, the genes encoding cholera toxin were not highly expressed in either phase of human infection. Furthermore, expression of the virulence regulators toxRS and tcpPH was uncoupled. Interestingly, the pattern of gene expression indicates that the human upper intestine may be a uniquely suitable environment for the transfer of genetic elements that are important in the evolution of pathogenic strains of V. cholerae . These findings provide a more detailed assessment of the transcriptome of V. cholerae in the human host than previous studies of organisms in stool alone and have implications for cholera control and the design of improved vaccines.
Differences in extracellular matrix components and cell density during normal and dexamethasone-treated secondary palate development in two strains of mice with different susceptibility to glucocorticoid induced-clefting.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An histological and histochemical study analyzing cell density and distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in two stages of developing secondary palate and in two strains of mice with different H-2 backgrounds was undertaken to investigate differences between a strain that is susceptible to glucocorticoid-induced cleft palate (A/Sn) and one that is resistant (C57/BL). In addition, the influence of dexamethasone treatment on ECM components was evaluated. A/Sn strain had significantly higher mesenchymal cell density compared to C57/BL at 13 days of gestation when the palatine processes are in vertical position. This difference in cell density was not significant at 14 days when palatal processes have been elevated. Dexamethasone did not alter cell density in both strains. A computer-assisted method utilizing image registration was used to compare the distribution of ECM components as judged by the stain intensity. Hyaluronate and collagen were higher in mesenchymal tissue of the palatine processes at 13 days of gestation in the C57/BL than in the A/ Sn strain. No differences in either hyaluronate or collagen were found in either strain and 14 days of development and dexamethasone treatment decreased these compounds in both strains. No differences were observed in laminin and type IV collagen of the basal lamina between strains in any of the stages studied. The results suggest that hyaluronic acid and collagen may be involved in different susceptibility to cortisone-induced cleft palate in the mouse.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of durum wheat cultivated in northern Italy and their interaction with different soils and growing seasons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Durum wheat in temperate regions can lead to yields with higher technological quality and stability compared to Mediterranean areas. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N fertilization on grain yield and quality, in different pedo-climatic conditions of temperate areas. Field experiments were conducted in two sites (sandy-loam and silty-clay-loam) in Northern-West Italy for three years: five different N rates, two different types of fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, nutritional activator, slow-release fertilizer) were compared considering yield, protein content and yellowberry. N fertilizer rate had a more consistent effect on protein than yield; the response was affected by soil texture and rainfall during the growing season. The use of different types of fertilizer seem to play a minor role. The management of N fertilization must consider mainly the effect on quality parameters of N rates and rainfall during the growing season and their interaction with soil texture.
menopausal women treated for osteoporosis. Compliance with osteoporosis treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Adherence to anti-osteoporosis treatments is poor, exposing treated women to increased fracture risk. Determinants of poor adherence are poorly understood. The study aims to determine physician- and patientrated treatment compliance with osteoporosis treatments and to evaluate factors influencing compliance. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study with a randomly-selected sample of 420 GPs, 154 rheumatologists and 110 gynaecologists practicing in France. Investigators included postmenopausal women with a diagnosis of osteoporosis and a treatment initiated in the previous six months. Investigators completed a questionnaire on clinical features, treatments and medical history, and on patient compliance. Patients completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic features, lifestyle, attitudes and knowledge about osteoporosis, treatment compliance, treatment satisfaction and quality of life. Treatment compliance was evaluated with the Morisky Medication-taking Adherence Scale. Variables collected in the questionnaires were evaluated for association with compliance using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: 785 women were evaluated. Physicians considered 95.4 % of the sample to be compliant, but only 65.5% of women considered themselves compliant. The correlation between patient and physician perceptions of compliance was low ( : 0.11 [95 % CI: 0.06 to 0.16]). Patient-rated compliance was highest for monthly bisphosphonates (79.7%) and lowest for hormone substitution therapy (50.0%). Six variables were associated with compliance: treatment administration frequency, perceptions of long-term treatment acceptability, perceptions of health consequences of osteoporosis, perceptions of knowledge about osteoporosis, exercise and mental quality of life. Conclusion: Compliance to anti-osteoporosis treatments is poor. Reduction of dosing regimen frequency and patient education may be useful ways of improving compliance.
CONSERVATION AT ARM'S LENGTH

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCONSERVATION AT ARM'S LENGTHResearchers at IUPAC congress advocate a measured approach to the conservation of CULTURAL ARTIFACTS SARAH EVERTS,C& EN BERLINSARAH EVERTSCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 36, 43–45Publication Date (Print):September 3, 2007Publication History Published online29 October 2010Published inissue 3 September 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v085n036.p043https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n036.p043newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Degradation,Physiology,Plastics Get e-Alerts
Cross-functional integration in sustainability-driven business practice

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter investigates the role of cross-functional integration in sustainability-driven business practice. This vital aspect of sustainability is under-developed in available sources, particularly with reference to how practice integration can be successfully implemented. The emphasis in this chapter, which has shaped the selection of the literature and business examples, is on the environmental pillar of sustainable business practice. The examination is a critique of the strengths and weaknesses of extant knowledge. The specific research question concerns the state of knowledge about sustainability integration among the dimensions of human resources, production, and operations and supply chain management. This chapter develops a conceptual framework for studying this integration problem as a basis for extending to multiple dimensions and functions of a business. Cross-functional integration is a management task in which managers and employees design and implement integration. Illustrative cases emphasize Walmart and Recreational Equipment Inc. (REI).
Sulfonylcarbamimidic azides from sulfonyl chlorides and 5‐aminotetrazole

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Treatment of o ‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride ( 3 ) with 5‐aminotetrazole (5‐AT) gave [(2‐nitrophenyl)‐sulfonyl]carbamimidic azide ( 6 ), a ring‐opened isomer of the expected N ‐(1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide ( 4 ). Sulfonylcarbamimidic azide 6 was converted to 2‐amino‐ N ‐(aminoiminomethyl)benzene‐sulfonamide ( 7 ) with ethanolic stannous chloride, and to 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐thiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide ( 8 ) with sodium dithionite. Methanesulfonyl chloride ( 9 ) and 5‐AT gave 2‐(methylsulfonyl)carbamimidic azide ( 10 ), which isomerized to 5‐[(methylsulfonyl)amino]‐1 H ‐tetrazole ( 11 ) in warm ethanol. Attempted cycloaddition of 2‐(phenylsulfonyl)carbamimidic azide ( 13 ) and ethyl vinyl ether led only to alkylated tetrazole products. In addition, other tetrazole‐alkylating reactions are described. Isomers produced from these alkylations were differentiated with 13 C nmr spectroscopy.
Materialized View Selection Scheme for enhancing RDF Query Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

시맨틱 웹의 발전과 함께 RDF 데이터에 대한 사용이 증가되고 있다. RDF 데이터는 트리플로 구성되어 있으며 질의 처리 시 높은 조인 비용이 요구된다. 실체 뷰는 질의 처리 비용을 감소시키는 기법으로 알려져 있다. 실체 뷰는 질의 처리의 결과 또는 중간 결과를 저장 공간 내부에 물리적으로 저장하여 질의 처리 시 전체 데이터베이스의 접근이 아닌 실체 뷰의 접근으로 질의를 처리한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 의사 결정 트리를 사용하여 실체 뷰를 선택한다. 제안하는 기법은 의사 결정 트리를 통해 질의 처리시간뿐만 아니라 실체 뷰의 크기 및 유지비용을 고려한다. 성능평가를 통해 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 제한된 저장 공간에서의 실체 뷰는 증가하였고 동일 개수의 실체 뷰의 유지비용은 감소함을 보인다. With the development of the semantic web, a large amount of data being produced nowadays is in RDF format. RDF is represented by a triple. An RDF database consisting of triples requires the high cost of join query processing. Materialized view is known as a scheme to reduce the query processing cost by accessing materialized views without accessing the database. It is physically stored the results or the intermediate results of the query processing in a storage area. In this paper, we propose a materialized view selection scheme by using decision tree to solve such a problem. The decision tree considers the size and maintenance costs of the materialized view as well as the profit of query response times. It is shown through performance evaluation that the proposed scheme increases the number of materialized views in the limited storage space and decreases the update rates of the materialized views.
An annotated checklist of the Iranian Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), with an updated key to the species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A checklist of the Iranian Phytoseiidae, including 103 species belonging to 15 genera and three subfamilies, is presented. Among them, Typhlodromus Scheuten (31 species) and Neoseiulus Hughes (21 species) are the most specious genera. The checklist is annotated with some corrections to specific identities and known geographical and habitat distributions in Iran. An identification key to the reported phytoseiids from Iran is also provided. Finally, a list of invalid species reported from Iran is presented.
Modeling of parameters of subcritical assembly SAD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The accepted conceptual design of the experimental Subcritical Assembly in Dubna (SAD) is based on the MOX core with a nominal unit capacity of 25 kW (thermal). This corresponds to the multiplication coefficient $k_{\\rm eff} =0.95$ and accelerator beam power 1 kW. A subcritical assembly driven with the existing 660 MeV proton accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research has been modelled in order to make choice of the optimal parameters for the future experiments. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate neutron spectra, energy deposition and doses calculations. Some of the calculation results are presented in the paper.
Time series Covid 19 Predictions with Machine Learning Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The year 2020 began with the outbreak of covid-19 Pandemic, it originated in China and very quickly spread to all the other parts of the world. The deadly virus badly affected the health and economy of Mankind. This work aims to build Machine learning models to predict the spread of Covid -19. The up to date Time series data set of Covid 19 is used in the analytics. Three prediction models namely Regression, SVM and FBProphet are implemented. The results obtained from these models are investigated. FBProphet gives promising results as compared to the other models. The trend and seasonality components of FBProphet are shown to be very useful in the analysis of Time Series Data.