jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diversity Investigation of Microorganisms in Pickles from Sichuan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Analyze the diversity of microorganisms in pickles from Sichuan province.Based on the total DNA extracted from the fermentation microorganisms,the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria are amplified.PCR products are cloned and sequenced,then phylogenetic tree is constructed and similarity is calculated.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that 122 strains of the bacteria belong to 29 flora,and mostly are P.acidilactici,L.brevis,L.casei subsp.Casei and L.coryniformis subsp.Torquens.
Evaluation of the Effects of Thermal Management on Battery Life in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

We develop a simulation model that aims to evaluate the effect of thermal management on battery life. The model consists of two submodels: a thermal model and a battery degradation model. The temperature rise in the battery is calculated using the thermal model, and a temperature profile is obtained under pre-defined driving, charging and stand-by scenarios. The temperature profile and the energy requirement required to achieve a driving profile act as inputs to the degradation sub-model, which is used to predict the battery life. The degradation model is derived from models and test data available in literature, and the model is constructed for aircooled cylindrical LiFePO4 cells based on the Hymotion Prius-conversion configuration. Preliminary results suggest that peak temperatures have the greatest impact on degradation: Thermal management increases life substantially in climates with high peak temperatures (Pheonix) and for more aggressive driving cycles (US06), while thermal management has less influence in climates with lower peak temperatures (Miami) and with gentle driving cycles (UDDS). Use of cabin air vs. outside air for thermal management has minor impact on battery life for the control strategy used, but thermostat control settings are important for lowering peak temperatures and extending battery life
Improvement of Effect of Acoustic Material in Low Frequency Range Using Air Layer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Acoustic material is used to reduce noise in various places. But, it has low effect in low frequency range. Moreover, large amounts of acoustic materials increase undesirable losses. To solve these problem, we have suggested a method of installing acoustic material by providing air layer in one-dimensional cylindrical tube system. We calculate transmission loss in order to show the difference depending on the presence or absence of air layer. In addition, we calculate frequency at which transmission loss increases by calculating sound pressure amplitude in air layer. We confirm the effect of air layer by experiment using sound tube. It show that the method can be used actually. In case of using same length of acoustic material, multiple air layers provide higher effect than single air layer in experiment. Therefore, the method can be used more effectively by setting acoustic materials so that the number of air layers increases.
Damage Process of Concrete Around Anchor Frame Inside Footing for Steel Pier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to investigate damage process of concrete of the footing supporting steel pier subjected to bi-directional force. A model which can reproduce complicated behavior caused by separation/contact between baseplate and anchor bolt and those between baseplate and footing concrete, was set up for three-dimensional nonlinear FE analysis. The model was verified by comparison of the relation between the bending moment and rotation angle of static loading and for cyclic loading analysis. Furthermore, analysis of the damage process inside footing concrete was performed under bi-directional loading as well as single-directional loading.
Meta-Analysis in Genome-Wide Association Studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The advent of genome-wide association studies has allowed considerable progress in the identification and robust replication of common gene variants that confer susceptibility to common diseases and other phenotypes of interest. These genetic effect sizes are almost invariably moderate to small in magnitude and single studies, even if large, are underpowered to detect them with confidence. Meta-analysis of many genome-wide association studies improves the power to detect more associations, and to investigate the consistency or heterogeneity of these associations across diverse datasets and study populations. In this review, we discuss the key methodological issues in the set-up, information gathering and processing, and analysis of meta-analyses of genome-wide association datasets. We illustrate, as an example, the application of meta-analysis methods in the elucidation of common genetic variants associated with Type 2 diabetes. Finally, we discuss the prospects and caveats for future application of meta-analysis methods in the genome-wide setting.
Spherical Crystallization: a Method to Improve Tabletability

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Direct tabletting technique has been widely used successfully for various drugs. But it strongly depends upon the quality of the crystals used. Crystals could be generated employing any of the available techniques like sublimation, solvent evaporation, vapor diffusion, thermal treatment and crystallization from melt precipitation by change in pH, growth in presence of additives or the grinding. Thus the novel agglomeration technique that transforms crystals themselves directly into a compacted spherical form during crystallization process has been desired. The use of spherical crystallization as a technique appears to be efficient alternative for obtaining suitable particles for direct compression. Spherical crystallization is a particle design technique, by which crystallization and agglomeration can be carried out simultaneously in one step and which has been successfully utilized for improvement of flowability and compactability of crystalline drugs.
Cu-ZSM‑5 Catalyst Impregnated with Mn–Co\nOxide for the Selected Catalytic Reduction of NO: Physicochemical\nProperty–Catalytic Activity Relationship and In Situ DRIFTS\nStudy for the Reaction Mechanism

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series\nof MnCo/Cu-ZSM-5 (MnCo/Cu-Z) catalysts with different\nMn/Co ratios for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with\nNH<sub>3</sub> were prepared by the combination of ion exchange and\nimpregnation. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were\ninvestigated by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction\n(XRD), temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature-programmed\ndesorption of NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> (NO<i><sub>x</sub></i>-TPD) and NH<sub>3</sub> (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD), and the diffuse\nreflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) technique was employed\nfor the detection of intermediate species and the study of the mechanism.\nThe introduction of Mn and Co boosts the catalytic activity of the\nCu-Z catalyst at a temperature below 200 °C, and the optimum\nactivity was obtained over the Mn<sub>1</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>/Cu-Z catalyst.\nThe enrichment of the high-valent metal ion on the catalyst surface\nand the improvement in the reducibility of metal oxide are responsible\nfor the elevation in the catalytic activity of MnCo/Cu-Z. The bridged\nand bidentate modes are the prevailing nitrate species on the Cu-Z\nand MnCo/Z catalysts, respectively, and both of them were detected\nover the MnCo/Cu-Z catalyst. Furthermore, the DRIFT spectroscopy (DRIFTS)\nresults indicate that, at 150 °C, the bridged nitrate can react\nwith the adsorbed ammonia species, but the bidentate nitrate fails\nto do. The SCR reaction over the Cu-Z catalyst follows the Eley–Rideal\nand Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanisms simultaneously at 150 °C,\nwhereas an overwhelming dominance of the Eley–Rideal mechanism\nis identified for the MnCo/Z catalyst. As to the SCR mechanism on\nthe MnCo/Cu-Z catalyst, it combines the features of Cu/Z and Mn<sub>1</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>/Z.
Comparative Study of Different Solvents Extract of Persea americana Leaf on Alloxan Induced Hyperglycemic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Objective: Diabetes has become a global health burden and its management without side effects is still a challenge which leads to an increase in search for herbal anti-hyperglycaemic agents.Traditional medicines are used in Nigeria to treat diabetes due to their acceptability and availability.The plants are used in crude form or as extract, individually or as a mixture.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different solvents extracts of Persea americana leaf in alloxan induced-diabetic rats.Materials and Method: Phytochemical analysis of the fractions was carried out using colour reaction method.Hyperglycaemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate to albino rats.Different solvents extract of P. americana leaf were administrated to group of experimental rats.Blood samples were collected by tail tipping at the end of the experiment and analyzed using glucometer.Results: Ethyl acetate fraction was found to have the highest amount of total extractable compounds with chloroform having the least amount.Phytochemical analysis of P. americana leaf revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids and catechins with significant levels of total flavonoids and phenolics found in ethyl acetate fraction.The results of hypoglycemic study showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose with concomitant reversal of body weight lost, polydipsia and polyphagia in alloxan induced-diabetic rats administered with ethyl acetate extract.The order of effectiveness was ethyl acetate>chloroform>hexane>butanol fraction.Conclusion: The hypoglycemic potential of P. americana leaf observed in this study may be associated with total flavonoids and phenolics with antioxidant activities via insulin modulation and thus, could served as a potential candidate in developing drugs to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications.
ASE Noise Source-based BPSK Terrestrial Free-space Optical LPI Communication with Adaptive Optics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we are presenting results from our one-mile-long free-space optical LPI communication link at University of Arizona for an ASE noise source based 5 Gb/s BPSK signal. We are reporting improvements in the BERs from using the adaptive optics to compensate for wavefront distortions in medium atmospheric turbulence.
Triticum dicoccoides JO 2461

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum dicoccoides
Common name(s): Wild Wheat
Conserved by: National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Jordan
Local sample unique identifier: JO 2461
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1996
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Annex 1 crop
Big Bang – Big Crunch Learning Method For Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modeling of complex dynamic systems, which are very complicated to establish mathematical models, requires new and modern methodologies that will exploit the existing expert knowledge, human experience and historical data. Fuzzy cognitive maps are very suitable, simple, and powerful tools for simulation and analysis of these kinds of dynamic systems. However, human experts are subjective and can handle only relatively simple fuzzy cognitive maps; therefore, there is a need of developing new approaches for an automated generation of fuzzy cognitive maps using historical data. In this study, a new learning algorithm, which is called Big Bang-Big Crunch, is proposed for the first time in literature for an automated generation of fuzzy cognitive maps from data. Two real-world examples; namely a process control system and radiation therapy process, and one synthetic model are used to emphasize the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed methodology.
ARAL: a facility to fuel VLTI instruments with photons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ARAL system of the VLTI is a multipurpose facility that helps to have the interferometric instruments ready for night observations. It consists of an artificial source (allowing a Mach-Zehnder mode of the interferometric instruments for autotest), an alignment unit (verifying the position of the celestial target in the VLTI field-of-view), and an optical path router (controlling the optical switchyard and the instrument feeding-optics in the VLTI laboratory). With the multiplication of VLTI instruments and their specific features (wavelength coverage, number of beams), an upgrade of ARAL (from its November 2002 version) had to be carried out: the alignment unit has been redesigned, as well as the artificial source. This source will provide a point in the visible and in J, H, K and N infrared bands, split into four beams (with a zero optical path difference at the reference position). After a description of the optomechanics and of the computer architecture of ARAL, we detail the difficulties of building an interferometric artificial source with a wide spectral range.
STUDIES ON THE HETEROGENETIC ANTIGEN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

STUDIES ON THE HETEROGENETIC ANTIGEN: I. Studies on the antibody detecting substance Get access SHIRO FUJIMURA SHIRO FUJIMURA Biochemical Institute, Nagasaki Medical CollegeJapan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 32, Issue 3, November 1940, Pages 329–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126000 Published: 01 November 1940 Article history Received: 16 September 1940 Published: 01 November 1940
Community participation in land restoration

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This case study of community participation in a landscape restoration program explores some implications of the Federal Government’s Caring for Our Country Program (CFOC) in Mount Alexander Shire in North Central Victoria. It briefly describes the process of establishing a community-based wide-ranging program of landscape restoration, Connecting Country, from its inception in 2007 to its current stage: implementation of a detailed program. As a member of the Connecting Country group, I used participant observation techniques to examine issues and concerns worked through in this process by community members. Background literature about community participation in Landcare programs since 1989 provides the setting for this analysis and for reflection on the development and conduct of land stewardship programs in the changing context of government policy in land restoration funding.
Removal of Congo Red dye from aqueous solution using Amberlite IRA-400 in batch and fixed bed reactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Removal of Congo Red (CR) azo dye by adsorption process using Amberlite IRA-400 resin was evaluated in both batch and fixed bed system. From the batch adsorption results, maximum loading efficiency (99.99%) of CR dye was obtained at the conditions pH 4.5, temp. 303 K, contact time 180 min., Amberlite IRA-400 dose 0.5 g. The isotherm study ascertained on favorability of adsorption process as the value of separation factor (KL = 0.88) and Freundlich constant (1/n = 0.96 < 1.0) obtained from Langmuir and Freundlich equations are rational, though, overall adsorption process showed best fit with Langmuir (R2 = 0.99) than Freundlich model (R2 = 0.97). The kinetic data studied at three different CR dye concentration (50, 75, 100 mg) and results were fitted with both pseudo-first-order and second-order model equations. The values of R2 obtained are of 0.95 and 0.99 for former and later one, respectively, ensuring on best fitting of pseudo-second-order kinetics and also suggesting about the chemisorptions type of adsorption. The bed depth service model was applied for competitive analysis of the CR dye adsorption in column variables indicating mass transfer from aqueous solution to Amberlite IRA-400 phase. Fourier transform infrared analysis of CR-loaded resin Amberlite IRA-400 showed a band shifted from 1057 to 1130 cm−1 confirming CR adsorption with Amberlite IRA-400. Scanning electron microscope analysis of resin before and after adsorption was well evident from the phase patterns. Selective separation of CR dye from waste effluent of a textile industry bearing CR dye along with other trace heavy metal was achieved.
Qualitative assessment of flour with a depth consistency meter and the consistence of dough with medium rate of viscosity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In wheat flour, the most advantageous viscosity is 60% and the duration of fermentation is 3 hours, since the decisive results after the first minute depend on milling and on panification. In the case of rye flour, the most advantageous viscosity is 65% for a duration of fermentation of 1 to 3 hours. We can as well lower the fermentation time to only 30 minutes, for a lower dough consistency, corresponding to 145.58 ml of water for 100 g dry substance.
Specific Regulatory Motifs Predict Glucocorticoid Responsiveness of Hippocampal Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates effects of cortisol in relation to adaptation to stress. In the brain, GR affects the hippocampus to modulate memory processes through direct binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in the DNA. However, its effects are to a high degree cell specific, and its target genes in different cell types as well as the mechanisms conferring this specificity are largely unknown. To gain insight in hippocampal GR signaling, we characterized to which GRE GR binds in the rat hippocampus. Using a position-specific scoring matrix, we identified evolutionary-conserved putative GREs from a microarray based set of hippocampal target genes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we were able to confirm GR binding to 15 out of a selection of 32 predicted sites (47%). The majority of these 15 GREs are previously undescribed and thus represent novel GREs that bind GR and therefore may be functional in the rat hippocampus. GRE nucleotide composition was not predictive for binding of GR to a GRE. A search for conserved flanking sequences that may predict GR-GRE interaction resulted in the identification of GC-box associated motifs, such as Myc-associated zinc finger protein 1, within 2 kb of GREs with GR binding in the hippocampus. This enrichment was not present around nonbinding GRE sequences nor around proven GR-binding sites from a mesenchymal stem-like cell dataset that we analyzed. GC-binding transcription factors therefore may be unique partners for DNA-bound GR and may in part explain cell-specific transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids in the context of the hippocampus.
Features of Using the Method of Normalised Range and Fractal Analysis in Studying the Car Traffic Flow Intensity

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relevance of studying the methods of studying traffic flows is due to the need to analyse their features, determine the allowable areas of their application in solving practical problems of the transport sector. The objective of the work is to identify the results of application of modern methods of time series analysis that use the values of intensities of car traffic flows on the urban street-and-road network. The subject of the study is associated with the calculated Hurst and fractal dimension indices (fractal analysis), as well as with checking the validity of the quantitative relationship of these indicators, specified by B.Mandelbrot and used in applied research, on real data on intensity of car traffic flows. Digital data for the study were obtained using «Azimuth» stationary measuring software and hardware photo and video recording complexes, located on the street-and-road network of the city. The study has found that anomalous values of key indicators are encountered when using the normalised range method and fractal analysis: the Hurst exponent takes values outside the usually defined range, the relationship between the fractal dimension and the Hurst exponent does not fully correspond to the known B. Mandelbrot set. It seems necessary to conduct a deep and thorough study of the results obtained when using the above and, possibly, other methods for studying the intensity of traffic flows on street-and-road networks.
Responses of fees used for revegetation of desert areas to iron deficiency stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We investigated the responses to iron deficiency of four major tree species, Prosopis cineraria (local name: Ghaf), Acacia tortilis (Samar), Zizyphus spina-christi (Sidr), and Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Markh), used for revegetation of desert areas in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The responses to iron deficiency differed among the tree species. Ghaf, Samar, and Sidr decreased the nutrient solution pH in response to iron deficiency. Markh and iron-deficient Sidr did not release protons in the CaCl2 solution. The Fe reducing capacity of the roots of Ghaf, Samar, and Sidr was significantly enhanced by iron deficiency, whereas a smaller increase in the reducing activity of the roots of Markh was observed. In all the tree species, the amount of reductant released from iron-deficient plants was higher than that from iron-sufficient ones. Markh released a small amount of reductant under irondeficient conditions. In the present study, the reductant released by all the trees was caffeic acid. Acidification treatment enhanced the amount of reductant released irrespective of iron treatments in Ghaf, Samar, and Sidr but had no effect on the amount of reductant released in iron-deficient Markh. The activity of p-coumarate hydroxylase was higher in Sidr and Ghaf than in the other trees. This activity decreased in iron-deficient Samar. Ghaf, Samar, and Sidr showed a high capacity to lower the pH of the nutrient solution, and Ghaf markedly enhanced the effectiveness of all the examined mechanisms, while Markh showed a lower ability compared to the other tree species.
On supersolubility of finite groups admitting a Frobenius group of automorphisms with fixed-point-free kernel

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Assume that a finite group $G$ admits a Frobenius group of automorphisms $FH$ with kernel $F$ and complement $H$ such that $C_{G}(F)=1$. In this paper, we investigate this situation and prove that if $C_G(H)$ is supersoluble and $C_{G'}(H)$ is nilpotent, then $G$ is supersoluble. Also, we show that $G$ is a Sylow tower group of a certain type if $C_{G}(H)$ is a Sylow tower group of the same type.