jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
WATER TABLE RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION AND RAINFALL RECHARGES OF UTMANZAI REGION

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water logging and buildup of soil salinity have seriously reduced food production in Pakistan. The problem must be tackled and land improvement work must be carried out in Pakistan is to come close to feeding itself. The management of irrigation water is becoming critical important throughout the world. Although both timming and amount of water applied affect irrigation efficiency, timming has great effect on crop yield and quality. Water losses from canal and water course, leakage and poor distribution on the crop field result not only in reduction of available water for irrigation but also in creation of drainage and salinity problems. The major objective of this study is to make the water balance and water able height calculations for several alternatives of irrigation, rain fall water supply and cropping patterns in order to determine the careful water management on drainage and irrigation requirements.
The Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable in the Indonesian Export Financing Institution at the Makassar Regional Office

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style on employee performance with work motivation as an intervening variable in the Indonesian Export Financing Institution at the Makassar Regional Office. The population of this study were all employees of the Indonesian Export Financing Institution. The number of samples taken in this study were 50 respondents. The sampling method used in this study is the probability sampling method. Data collection in this study is to use archive strategies namely primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using multicollinearity and Path Analysis. The results of this study indicate that leadership style has a significant effect on work motivation. Leadership style also has a significant effect on employee performance. Work motivation significantly influences employee performance. Leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance through work motivation.
Framing the “Human Commodity”: Descriptions of Enslaved Bodies in Purchase Deeds from the 3rd/9th to the Early 10th/Late 15th Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article looks at the way the bodies of slaves are described in 27 purchase deeds dating back to the time between the 3rd/9th and the early 10th/late 15th century and originating mostly from Egypt and Jerusalem. Examining this kind of documentary evidence not only allows a glimpse in the physical appearance of people otherwise mostly marginalised in the sources; furthermore, it enriches our understanding of how the bodies of enslaved persons were legally framed in order to define them as a “human commodity” in valid sales. Since Muslim jurists categorised slaves as regularly tradable, this article presents in a first step the main features of Islamic sales law regarding the stipulations concerning the definition of a commodity. In this first part, I focus on the opinions of the Ḥanafī and Šāfiʿī schools of law that are considered majoritarian because of their prevalence in the regions the evidence originates from. Secondly, I investigate how these regulations were incorporated into the purchase deeds of slave sales. In other words, how and in which categories were the bodies of slaves described? What kind of bodily features were considered as flaws noteworthy of being recorded by the scribes in purchase deeds either as being existent or in the form of a seller’s warranty against them? In short, what kind of description was applied to frame a human body as merchandise? And finally, did these descriptions evolve and change over time and if yes, how?
Seismic vulnerability assessment of timber roof structures: criteria and procedures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Timber roof structures have a strong influence on the behaviour of masonry buildings during earthquakes. In a seismic event, they may link walls and favour the development of a positive global response or they may suffer damage that can extend to masonry elements. From the perspective of risk mitigation, basic criteria and procedures for assessing the seismic vulnerability of timber roof structures are needed. After extended research, the main factors determining seismic vulnerability in such structures were identified. The steps of an assessment procedure developed within the research programme are discussed in this paper. The procedure comprises initial visual inspection for collecting data and information on the main parameters that are significant in seismic conditions, and their subsequent classification according to a grading system. Structural criticalities are thus identified, which may possibly be reduced. In the applications and case studies performed so far, the procedure has proven useful for focusing attention on the seismic qualification of timber structures that were originally conceived with regard to vertical loads.
Effect of drying parameters on the physical, morphological and thermal properties of spray-dried inulin

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study focuses on the thermal, morphological and physical properties of spray-dried chicory root inulin using a thermogravimetric analyzer, environmental scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractogram and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Different spray-drying conditions were investigated by varying inlet temperature, outlet temperature and aspirator speed. The starting material was semicrystalline. A feed temperature of 95°C was employed, which produced a completely transparent solution for spray drying. At that particular temperature, the powder samples obtained were entirely amorphous and morphology resembled each other except for higher solid content. The low glass transition temperature ( T g ) (106.83°C) was evident by treating low-molecular-weight samples, whereas high-molecular-weight samples exhibited high T g (125.81°C). The semicrystalline samples due to the high concentration and milky dispersion exhibited high decomposition temperature. The feed temperature, molecular weight and concentration of the samples tend to have a significant effect on the properties of spray-dried inulin.
buy used cars Ivybridge: A Simple Definition

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Lower stress and anxiety If you acquire a car from a used car dealership, for the most part, it&#39;s the dealership that&#39;ll deal with all the paperwork, including taxes, funding, licensing as well as enrollment. You simply have to authorize the documents in all the called for areas and also leave all these added hectic steps on the dealership. So, you see that with a used auto you are exposed to a lesser level of stress and anxiety because the procedure of buying a new auto can be lengthy and hectic which can impact your work-life balance affecting your comfort. There is an additional factor of having minimal anxiety with utilized cars and trucks when compared to brand-new vehicles. Also a little damage in your new car can leave you sleepless for the evening. Nonetheless, with made use of cars and trucks, just a couple of dents aren&#39;t that worrisome for you. At least it does not remove your sleep for the whole evening.
Neuroscience and Moral Reasoning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This chapter examines claims by some cognitive psychologists conducting functional neuroimaging experiments about the neural basis of moral intuitions. It questions the idea that there are distinct cognitive and emotional subsystems in the brain driving utilitarian and deontological judgments. The chapter appeals to neuroscientific research showing that cognition and emotion are interacting processes mediated by overlapping neural systems distributed throughout the brain, Still, the reasons we adduce to justify actions depend not only on overlapping brain systems but also on social and cultural factors external to the brain.
Architecture of Fuzzy Support Vector Machines for Pattern Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In conventional support vector machines (SVMs), an n-class problem is converted into n two-class problems. For the i-th two-class problem we determine the optimal decision function which separates class i from the remaining classes. In classification, a sample is classified into class i only when the value of the i-th decision function is positive. In this architecture, the sample is unclassifiable if the values of more than two decision functions are positive or all the values are negative. In this paper, to overcome this problem, we propose fuzzy support vector machines (FSVMs). Using the decision functions obtained by training the SVM, for each class, we define a truncated polyhedral pyramidal membership function. Since, for the data in the classifiable regions. the classification results are the same for the two methods, the generalization ability of the FSVM is the same with or better than that of the SVM. We evaluate our method for three benchmark data sets and demonstrate the superiority of the FSVM over the SVM.
LHD TESPEL #195425.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation. 40013
The E-Money Revolution: Challenges and Implications for Monetary Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The e-revolution promises to introduce new e-monies that may ultimately displace existing money. E-money poses a challenge to central banks’ ability to control interest rates, and it may also increase endogenous financial instability. The challenge to interest rate control stems from the possibility that e-money may diminish the financial system’s demand for central bank liabilities, rendering central banks unable to conduct meaningful open market operations. Increasedfinancial instability could emerge from the increased elasticity of private money production, and from periodic runs out of e-money into central bank money that generate liquidity crises.
Glancing incidence X‐ray analysis: Forgotten or to be discovered?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many analysis methods can be used to characterize surfaces and interfaces of thin layered materials. Glancing incidence x‐ray analysis (GIXA) has the potential of being one of the most powerful and versatile analysis methods that can be used because it combines x‐ray reflectivity (XRR) and x‐ray fluorescence (XRF). This technique enables the non‐destructive determination of layer thickness, interface roughness and elementary depth profile. Sophisticated laboratory instrumentation is described which enables materials to be characterized in detail using newly developed analysis algorithms.
A new perspective [on] shape-from-shading

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shape-from-Shading (SfS) is a fundamental problem in Computer Vision. The vast majority of research in this field have assumed orthography as its projection model. This paper re-examines the basis of SfS, the image irradiance equation, under an assumption of perspective projection. The paper also shows that the perspective image irradiance equation depends merely on the natural logarithm of the depth function (and not on the depth function itself), and as such it is invariant to scale changes of the depth function. We then suggest a simple reconstruction algorithm based on the perspective formula, and compare it to existing orthographic SfS algorithms. This simple algorithm obtained lower error rates than legacy SfS algorithms, and equated with and sometimes surpassed state-of-the-art algorithms. These findings lend support to the assumption that transition to a more realistic set of assumptions improves reconstruction significantly. 1.
Analytical Methodology for Determining Glucosinolate Composition and Content

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract New analytical techniques and instrumentation and increased knowledge of the diversity and distribution of glucosinolates, the diversity of their enzymatically released products, and factors influencing their release, have led to significant advances in methodology for analysis of glucosinolates over the past three decades. However, many of the methods have been developed for specific agricultural crops or commodities and their particular glucosinolate compositions. They can only be applied to certain types of plant material or can detect and quantitate only certain glucosinolates or their products. Other methods have been designed to meet specific research, regulatory, or quality control requirements. This had necessitated sacrifice of either speed, simplicity, accuracy, precision, or the ability to distinguish different glucosinolates or their products. This review examines the methods available for sample preparation, identification, and quantitation of glucosinolates in light of current knowledge of their diversity, distribution, and chemistry. Consideration is given to the suitability of methods for rapid screening or precise, discriminating measurement, and to the standardization of methodology and reporting of results.
Parameter Fluctuations of Recording Heads under ABS-Side- Efiect and AC Field at Slider Bar Level

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates the efiect of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) based on Charged Device Model (CDM) in slider bar level of recording head. The side of Air Bearing Surface (ABS) and AC voltage supplier on the slider-bar are studied. For the ABSup-side and down-side slider bars, it is seen that no signiflcant difierence is found. However, some of raw data of static parameters seems to be contrast for a precise observation. In the AC source study, it is seen no apparent change and so, the slider-bar is safe from AC-source ESD based on CDM.
RATIONAL APPROACH FOR SHEAR LAG IN TENSION MEMBERS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors propose a rational approach for the calculation of the reduced strength of steel tension members due to shear lag effects based on an assumed distribution of forces along inclined lines in the member ends, somewhat similar to the Whitmore's concept used with gusset plates for bracing members. The workings of the method are established for a basic weld in shear at both elastic and plastic stress levels. The method is compared to the recommendations contained in CSA Standard S16-01 for elements connected by a single longitudinal weld and elements connected by longitudinal welds along two parallel edges. The predicted strength of double angle members with welded connections is compared to results from laboratory tests done by the authors. The proposed method could be used for calculating the reduced strength due to shear lag effects of tension members with different shapes and with either welded or bolted connections.
Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain affects actomyosin dissociation and myosin degradation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary This research aimed to investigate the influence of myosin regulatory light chain ( MRLC ) phosphorylation on actomyosin dissociation and myosin degradation in post‐mortem ovine longissimus thoracis ( LT ) muscle with a purpose for strategies to improve meat quality in practice. Data obtained show that the highest actomyosin dissociation occurred at 48 h post‐mortem. Based on the cluster analysis of the actomyosin dissociation degree at 48 h post‐mortem, samples were divided into high, middle and low‐actomyosin dissociation groups. During 0.5–72 h post‐mortem, the phosphorylation level of MRLC significantly decreased ( P < 0.05), while actomyosin dissociation, and degradation of MRLC and myosin heavy chains ( MHC ) significantly increased ( P < 0.05). The level of MRLC phosphorylation was negatively correlated with the degree of actomyosin dissociation ( r = −0.794, P < 0.05), and the degradation of MRLC ( r = −0.764, P < 0.05) and MHC ( r = −0.826, P < 0.05). In conclusion, phosphorylation of MRLC may regulate actomyosin dissociation, as well as degradation of MRLC and MHC .
Crystal and molecular structure of 3β‐hydroxy‐5β‐estr‐8(14)‐en‐17‐one

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 with 4 formula units C 18 H 26 O 2 in the unit cell. The lattice constants are a = 10.356(2) Å, b = 19.743(3) Å, and c = 7.487(1) Å. The structure was solved by direct methods of phases determination and refined by least‐squares calculations to the conventional R = 0.054. The configuration and conformation of the molecule were determined and compared with those of Δ‐8,14‐anhydrodigitoxigenin.
Socio-economic characteristics and knowledge level of mango growers on plant protection measures in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In research study conducted on mango growers in Kokan region of Maharashtra state with the major objectives of measuring the socio-economic characteristics and knowledge level of mango growers on plant protection measures.It was observed that the more than half (52.50 %) of the respondents were in middle age group, having (65.00 %) secondary to higher secondary level of education and medium size of land holding (61.66 %).More than half of the (57.50 %) of the respondents possessed 2 to 10.9 ha. of land under mango cultivation, medium size of family (54.16%), having low to medium level of income (79.16%) and medium level of experience in mango cultivation (77.50 %).Nearly three fourth (70.00 %) of the respondents had medium social participation, majority of respondents i.e. 71.66 per cent had medium level of mass media exposure, nearly two third (67.50 %) of the respondents had medium level risk orientation, majority of them had (84.16 %) good level of change proneness and majority of respondent had medium level of achievement motivation and economic motivation (64.16 % and 37.50 %), respectively.The majority of mango growers (65.83 %) had 'medium' level of knowledge about plant protective measures indicating need for training in this aspect of cultivation.
Child welfare in North Carolina;

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction, by W. H. Swift.--Dependency and delinquency, by Mabel B. Ellis.--Child-caring institutions, by Mary E. Barr.--Agriculture, by C. E. Gibbons.--Rural school attendance, by Eva Joffe.--Child labor, by Theresa Wolfson.--Law and administration, by W. H. Swift.
Feasibility of Smartphone Application in Plastic Surgery Operative Assessments

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The evaluation model of operative competence is based on aggregate tabulations of procedures and end-of-rotation feedback from faculty members. Procedural tabulations do not detail the level of resident involvement in the case, and end of rotation feedback is infrequent and inaccurate due to the necessity of long-term recall. Smart phone-based evaluation systems provide residents with immediate and permanent feedback for surgical encounters. In this study, we examine the feasibility of smart phone-based evaluations in plastic surgery residency. Methods: This was a 6-month prospective, single institution pilot study at three teaching hospitals, assessing all PGY levels. We utilized our department mobile application (Wayne State University Surgery Department application), which includes intraoperative evaluations based on the Zwisch scale. Prestudy and poststudy surveys were conducted. An unstructured interview of the Clinical Competency Committee provided feedback for the new evaluation tool against the previous evaluation forms. Results: Eleven physicians participated in the study, resulting in 126 encounters and 184 procedures. A 10-question prestudy survey was given with answers ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The Clinical Competency Committee faculty ranked the prestudy resident assessment tool 2.82 of 5, whereas the poststudy survey scored 4.64 of 5. Conclusions: Residents and faculty both rated the smartphone application as a useful tool for evaluating residents. The success of the application proves its feasibility within plastic surgery residency and may play an important role in rating resident operative competency in the future.
Reduction of Coronavirus Burden With Mass Azithromycin Distribution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We evaluated the potential antiviral effects of azithromycin on the nasopharyngeal virome of Nigerien children who had received multiple rounds of mass drug administration. We found that the respiratory burden of non–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses was decreased with azithromycin distributions. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02047981.
Horticultural performance and huanglongbing impact on rainfed Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 16 rootstock genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The performance of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 16 rootstocks was evaluated over nine years under natural inoculation of huanglongbing (HLB) and rainfed cultivation in Bebedouro, northern of São Paulo state, Brazil. Graft incompatibility symptoms were not observed over the evaluation period. Flying dragon and common trifoliate oranges, 1600 and 1614 citrandarins, and the somatic hybrid RR+VK significantly decreased the tree size. Swingle citrumelo induced the highest fruit yield for seven seasons, followed by the Rangpur lime, Sunki mandarin, 1711 and 1697. Most citrandarins were related to a better fruit quality of Valencia, notably 1697. Swingle citrumelo, Sunki mandarin, 1697 citrandarin, and 385 tetraploid citrange induced good drought tolerance over the evaluation period, even though inferior to the Rangpur lime. The HLB cumulative incidence at the experimental area was 40% in average. Valencia trees grafted onto Flying Dragon, and 1614 presented the lowest (0.5) and the highest (2.8) disease severity indices, respectively, even though inoculation date was not controlled. In 2020, fruit yield of symptomatic trees varied from 0.55 to 1.24 times that of asymptomatic trees among the rootstocks, regardless of disease index. Symptomatic fruit ranged from 20 to 57% of total fruit load per symptomatic tree, and had significantly lower ratio, soluble solids, fruit weight and size, and higher juice acidity on some rootstocks. Although all evaluated graft combinations were susceptible to HLB, 1711 and 1697 citrandarins are potential rootstocks for Valencia sweet orange in regions with similar tropical climate.
The Implementation of Islamic Heritage Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the implementation of Islamic inheritance law in Cirebon.The doctrinal research approach and qualitative research specifications are applied using primary and secondary data.The study used literature study and conducted interview to some people to collect the data.Data were analysed using prescriptive analysis.The results showed that the implementation of the distribution of the inheritance among people in Cirebon are still far from Islamic Law.