jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NLRP1 expression and its correlation with the severity of septic patients in the early stage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the mRNA expressions of NLRP1 (NOD-like receptor 1 ) and NLRP3 inflammasomescomponents and related pro-inflammation cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Methods A total of 21 septic patients,20 non-infectious SIRS patients and 20 health subjects were enrolled in this study.The mRNA expressions of inflammasomes components and related proinflammation cytokines were measured by using RT-PCR,and serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured using ELISA.One-way ANOVA was usedd to compare the data of all three groups,and SNK-q was employed to compare thedata among different groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between these biomarkers and the severity of septic patients.Results ①The mRNA expression of NLRP1 in PBMCs of septic patients in early stage and non-infectious SIRS patients was down-regulated in comparison with healthy subjects (P ＜0.01 ).The expression of NLRP3 in septic patients was not differentfrom that in healthy subjects ( P ＞ 0.05 ),but NLRP3 mRNA expression in non-infectious SIRS patients was significantly higher than that in septic patients and in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ASC ( apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a CARD) and caspase-1 mRNA expressions in septic patients and non-infectious SIRS patients were higher than those in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no difference in level of IL-1β found among all groups.IL-18 mRNA expression in septic patients and non-infectious SIRS patients was higher than that in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ),and that in non-infectious SIRS patients was highest.②)Serum protein level of IL-1β in septic patients was lower than that in healthy subjects (P ＜0.05 ),and serum level of IL-18 in septic patients was significantly higher than that in non-infectious SIRS patients and in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ).③NLRP1 was negatively related to SOFA ( sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score (r =-0.44,P ＜ 0.05 ) and negatively related to APACHE Ⅱ score as well ( r =- 0.52,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions NLRP1 mRNA expression was down regulated in patients with early sepsis and its expression was negatively correlated to the severity of septic patients,indicating the lower NLRP1 mRNA expression the severer illness.

Key words:
Sepsis; Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; NOD-like receptor 1; NOD-like receptor 3
Polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PTB (polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein) is a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein. It was originally identified as a protein with a role in splicing but it is now known to function in a large number of diverse cellular processes including polyadenylation, mRNA stability and translation initiation. Specificity of PTB function is achieved by a combination of changes in the cellular localization of this protein (its ability to shuttle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is tightly controlled) and its interaction with additional proteins. These differences in location and trans-acting factor requirements account for the fact that PTB acts both as a suppressor of splicing and an activator of translation. In the latter case, the role of PTB in translation has been studied extensively and it appears that this protein is required for an alternative form of translation initiation that is mediated by a large RNA structural element termed an IRES (internal ribosome entry site) that allows the synthesis of picornaviral proteins and cellular proteins that function to control cell growth and cell death. In the present review, we discuss how PTB regulates these disparate processes.
The actuarial sources of the rise in unfunded liabilities in America's defined benefit plans in the 21st century

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Despite a decade-long bull market between the financial crisis and the COVID-19 recession, state defined benefit pension plans had accrued more than $1.37 trillion in unfunded liabilities. However, little work has investigated the actuarial sources of these unfunded liabilities. This paper uses original data hand collected from publicly available financial reports between 2000 and 2020 for 145 state-administered pension plans to determine the sources of unfunded liabilities. The largest unfunded liability contributor is investment experiences (when actual investment returns do not match assumed returns). The second and third largest contributors are changes to actuarial assumptions and expected changes (or interest accruing on existing unfunded liabilities). Benefit experience and legislative changes, demographic experience, and explicit funding shortfalls account for relatively little of the growth in unfunded liabilities. Moreover, the specific sources of unfunded liabilities are heterogeneous over time and across plans.
Upconversion Pumping of 1.9-µm Tm3+:KY3F10 Laser with an Ytterbium Fiber Laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report a continuous-wave Tm 3+ :KY 3 F 10 laser which is upconversion pumped with a 1064-nm ytterbium fiber laser, delivering tunable laser output between 1849 and 1994 nm with an average absorbed power slope efficiency of 29%.
Enhancing the Performances of Polymeric PVDF Membranes for Oil/Water Separation by Hydrophilic and Underwater Oleophobic Surfaces Modification

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the permeability and separation performance of polyphenolic-amine coated PVDF membrane with hydrophilic (26.9 ± 5.6°) and underwater oleophobic (162.1 ± 5.1°) surface modification. Surface chemical structures, surface compositions and hydrophilicity of membranes were investigated by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle analyses, respectively. The separation of emulsion oil solutions was evaluated using cross-flow filtration mode in term of high permeation flux and excellent oil resistance. Then, the flux recovery ratio of filtration process was calculated at different transmembrane pressures (TMP) and initial concentrations of emulsion feed solutions. The results showed a decrease in the flux recovery ratio at higher pressures and initial oil concentrations. By applying Hermia’s blocking model, formation of cake layer shows dominant fouling mechanism for the emulsion oil separation process.
LHD ICHVOLT #58597.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
A Study of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the Light of the Basic Principles of Biblical Typology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For a number of years the writer of this thesis has been wanting to make a study of typology as found in God's Holy Word, to determine what types are, or are not. The purpose of this study was to clearly set forth the basic principles which govern types in the Scriptures as presented by various reliable sources, and to use these as a guide in this study of the Epistle to the Hebrews. This work has been limited to this Epistle, first, because its contents are largely a fulfillment of types, and secondly, because the field of typology would be much too broad for such a work. It must also be kept in mind that the inductive method was used in this study. Outside sources have been quoted mainly to substantiate what was found through this method or when the type was in any manner questioned.\nThere has been much written and spoken on Scriptural typology which is not reliable since many writers have confused types and symbols. Another error into which men have fallen is the pressing of types so far as to imperil the historical validity of God's Word. This study has been important as a guide, and will be a future aid in preventing one from falling into error as other portions of the Bible are studied for their typology. It was very important that a thorough study of this subject be made inasmuch as the Old Testament is a shadow or a type of that which was to come. The Bible will become more meaningful as one sees the Old blended into the New.
Intra‐hemispheric dynamics in infant encoding of coloured facial patterns

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Colour and facial configuration are both very salient aspects of the visual environment for infants, but may both be selectively processed by the right hemisphere (RHS) and under some conditions may compete for RHS resources. The present investigation assessed the relative potency of facial configuration and colour in the two halves of the visual field for 32 infants (with a mean age of 24 weeks). The infants were familiarized to triads of facial figures presented for 250 ms in the left or right visual field. The faces were all different in colour and facial pattern (expression), but one of them (the target) was shown in an upright orientation while the others (distractors) were inverted. The results of paired‐comparison recognition tests indicated that the displays had been initially parsed in terms of configurational category (upright faces versus inverted non‐faces) in both visual fields, attesting to the primacy of this categorical distinction in both hemispheres. However, the focus for subsequent encoding reflected marked hemispheric discrepancies, with a left visual field (RHS) bias to target colour (comprising the first evidence of this for infants) and a contrary right visual field [left hemisphere (LHS)] advantage for distractor pattern. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoscopic neurosurgery for the treatment of intraventricular arachnoid cysts in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the results of neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoscopy technique in the treatment of intraventricular arachnoid cysts in children.Methods Under the guidance of neuronavigation,surgical plan including optimal skin incision and approach was conducted.The trajectory of ventriculoscopy was monitored and guided in real time and dynamically by neuronavigation system.Cyst enestration or resection was performed in 3 cases and 2 cases,respectively. Results After operation,all patients got the satisfactory results.There was no mortality and the serious complications such as hemorrhage,CNS infection and focal neurological deficits.Aseptic meningitis was noted in 1 patient who presented with temporary fever.Conclusions The combination of ventriculoscopy and neuronavigation is an accurate,effective and safe procedure for children with intraventricular arachnoid cysts.
A Comparison of Peel-Induced Maculopathy Following ILM Peeling Using a Microvacuum Pick Versus Forceps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare peel-induced maculopathy (PIM) using surgical forceps versus the microvacuum pick (MVP). Methods: Consecutive eyes undergoing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using either the MVP or forceps were assessed. En face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at the level of the nerve fiber layer were generated for 6-month postoperative visit. The percentage of the imaged area showing PIM was termed the PIM index. PIM severity was additionally measured using a qualitative PIM severity scale. Results: Seventy-four consecutive eyes underwent ILM peeling with either the MVP (36/74; 49%) or forceps (38/74; 51%). At month-6 postoperatively, the mean PIM index for forceps was 7.7% vs 4.7% for the MVP ( P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.15). At 6 months, 26/38 eyes (68.5%) in the forceps group had either moderate or severe PIM compared to 12/36 eyes (33.3%) in the MVP group ( P = 0.001). Conclusions: ILM peeling with the MVP resulted in lower PIM severity compared to forceps. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:37–42.]
WHAT’S THE STORY? QUALITATIVE RESPONSES TO THE AGESTAGE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We tend to remember and feel transformed by edifying experiences that tie into our emotions as well as our intellect. Among the over 200 write-in comments on the AgeStage evaluation forms, many of the attendees expressed their gratitude for the AgeStage experience as a stimulating change of emphasis. One comment exemplified this response: “Very powerful presentations! Some of the best in the conference.” Many described being “moved” and often “inspired” by seeing, hearing and feeling older adults’ creative expression through the arts. Several also provided descriptions about the way in which the AgeStage event reframed and/or enhanced their perceptions of aging: “Beyond {the} clinical-- this is the human and hopeful side to look at aging.” Video clips from the performances will show how AgeStage attendees’ experiential learning moved them to a fuller appreciation of older persons aging creatively.
Data from Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) in Inoperable Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma of Cutaneous or Uveal Origin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Aflibercept is a soluble decoy VEGF receptor and angiogenesis inhibitor with potent preclinical antitumor activity in melanoma. We conducted a multicenter phase II study in patients with inoperable stage III or IV melanoma and no prior chemotherapy.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> A two-stage design was adopted to evaluate 4-month progression-free survival rate (PFSR) and response rate. Aflibercept was given at 4 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Response was assessed every 8 weeks. First-stage accrual of 21 patients was specified and with an adequate 4-month PFSR accrual continued to a total of 41.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Forty-one patients of ages 23 to 84 (median = 57) were enrolled. Thirty-nine had American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV (5 M1a, 7 M1b, and 27 M1c) and 2 had inoperable stage IIIC (N3). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 (27 patients) or 1 (14 patients). Ten patients had primary uveal melanoma, 28 cutaneous, and 3 had unknown primaries. A median of 7 cycles were initiated (range: 1–56). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included hypertension in 9 patients (22%) and proteinuria in 6 (15%). Among 40 patients evaluable for efficacy (those who initiated aflibercept), 3 (7.5%) had a confirmed partial response and 20 had progression-free survival of 4 months or above. The predicted 1-year survival rate derived from the Korn meta-analysis model is 36% (<i>N</i> = 39), whereas we observed a corresponding 56.4% survival rate at 1 year (95% CI, 43–74, <i>P</i> < 0.005). Median overall survival in this trial is 16.3 months (95% CI, 9.2 to not reached). We observed a significant association between severity of hypertension following aflibercept and survival improvement.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Aflibercept showed promising activity in patients with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous or uveal origin. Further evaluation of aflibercept as a single agent and in combination is warranted. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6574–81. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A Bayesian approach for structure learning in oscillating regulatory networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Oscillations lie at the core of many biological processes, from the cell cycle, to circadian oscillations and developmental processes. Time-keeping mechanisms are essential to enable organisms to adapt to varying conditions in environmental cycles, from day/night to seasonal. Transcriptional regulatory networks are one of the mechanisms behind these biological oscillations. However, while identifying cyclically expressed genes from time series measurements is relatively easy, determining the structure of the interaction network underpinning the oscillation is a far more challenging problem. Results: Here, we explicitly leverage the oscillatory nature of the transcriptional signals and present a method for reconstructing network interactions tailored to this special but important class of genetic circuits. Our method is based on projecting the signal onto a set of oscillatory basis functions using a Discrete Fourier Transform. We build a Bayesian Hierarchical model within a frequency domain linear model in order to enforce sparsity and incorporate prior knowledge about the network structure. Experiments on real and simulated data show that the method can lead to substantial improvements over competing approaches if the oscillatory assumption is met, and remains competitive also in cases it is not. Availability: DSS, experiment scripts and data are available at http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/gsanguin/DSS.zip. Contact: d.trejo-banos@sms.ed.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of Underutilized Taro Cultivars From Hawai‘i

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a starchy root crop that is commonly found in most tropical climates around the world. In Hawai‘i, various taro cultivars exist, each with potentially unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles as a result of their pigmented coloration. However, not much is known about the nutrient and phytochemical properties of these cultivars. The primary purpose of this research is to identify the nutritional and phytochemical aspects in these underutilized taro cultivars from Hawai‘i. The nutrient (proximate and mineral), phytochemical (carotenoid, total phenolic, and total monomeric anthocyanin), and digestibility (bioavailability & bioaccessibility) content of two commercially underutilized taro, Mana Ulu & Pi‘iali‘i, were compared with a commercial variety, Maui Lehua. An immature (colloquially referred to as “Keiki”) Pi‘iali‘i corm was also utilized in this study and compared to the other three. Both raw and cooked forms, through steaming, were utilized in this experiment. Overall findings indicated variation in nutrient and phytochemical content across each taro cultivar. Notable distinctions include a higher carbohydrate content found in the Maui Lehua and Mana Ulu cultivars, 31.92% and 31.76% respectively, while Pi‘iali‘i and the Keiki exhibited a lower content of 16.34% and 15.68%, respectfully. Phytochemical identification determined beta-carotene and lutein as the primary carotenoid compounds across each cultivar. Loss of carotenoid content was observed in all cultivars during their transition from raw to cooked states. Following in vitro digestion, only beta-carotene was retained from the cooked Mana Ulu variety. Bioaccessibility testing indicated a digestive stability of 45.8% and a micellarization efficiency of 13.6% for beta-carotene. Values of total phenolic content reported 83.52, 76.04, 75.44, and 66.86 mg/100 g FW and total anthocyanin content of 10.02, 9.33, 7.32, and 6.93mg/100g FW for Maui Lehua, Mana Ulu, Pi‘iali‘i Keiki, and Pi‘iali‘i, respectively. Cooked taro had significant polyphenol losses with total phenolic contents of 20.55, 17.73, 22.61, 25.93mg/100g FW as well as total anthocyanin contents of 3.19, 2.16, 2.12, and 2.88 mg/100g FW for Maui Lehua, Mana Ulu, Pi‘iali‘i Keiki, and Pi‘iali‘i, respectively. This research can provide a significant insight into the utilization of nutrients in underutilized food crops that would otherwise be absent in conventional crop utilization. This can apply not only to taro cultivars in Hawai‘i but other food sources around the world that have different species varieties.
Disseminated Trichosporon infection in a renal transplant recipient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Trichosporon species are basidiomycetous yeast‐like anamorphic organisms (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes, Tremelloidae, Trichosporonales) that are widely distributed in nature. Trichosporon species colonize the skin and gastrointestinal tract of humans. We present a report of disseminated Trichosporon in a renal allograft recipient. Our patient satisfied the definitions of both “proven invasive trichosporonosis” and “probable pulmonary infection.” Only 2 reports of disseminated Trichosporon infection in renal transplant recipients, to our knowledge, have been published.
I.—Sedgwick Museum Notes. New Fossils From the Haverfordwest District. II

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

There is one complete individual of a species of Phacops from the Orthis-argentea zone of Prendergast Lane, Haverfordwest, showing certain interesting characters which make it worthy of notice. The head is somewhat crushed and imperfect, but the glabella is seen to be large and broad and to expand regularly towards the front; the frontal lobe is transversely rhomboidal and nearly half the total length of the glabella; there are three pairs of lateral lobes, of which the anterior pair is the largest; the second pair is narrower, and the third pair is subequal to the second in size. The first pair of lateral furrows is oblique; the second pair is horizontal and slightly arched forwards; the third pair is slightly oblique and the most strongly marked of all; the occipital furrow is strong and curved forwards in the middle. There is only a narrow median strip of the glabella not crossed by the lateral furrows, for they are rather long and all reach inwards to about the same extent. The thorax has a prominent axis about three-fourths the width of the pleuræ, which are bent downwards and backwards beyond the fulcrum, which is situated at about half their length. Their extremities are slightly bent forwards and apparently rounded or bluntly pointed; a deep diagonal furrow traverses the whole length of each pleura. The pygidium is nearly semicircular, with a regular rounded margin, except behind the axis, where there is developed a long, pointed, straight posterior spine, about two-thirds the length of the pygidium.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructures of flow formed C-250 maraging steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

AbstractAbstractThe technique of forward flow forming has been used to produce a long thin walled tube of C-250 maraging steel. Forward flow forming can conserve material, increase strength and reduce production process time. Since the hardness of solution treated C-250, using flow forming, can be increased by approximately 16.2%, flow formed tube must be given an additional aging treatment to increase hardness and strength. Direct aging treatment yields low elongation, which is not suited to design requirements. Using a homogenisation treatment, the microstructure of C-250 was of coarse grained lath type on aging and of needle type after solution treatment and aging. These treatments resulted in low tensile strength, and tensile fracture showed a tendency to brittleness. A 'solution + aging' treatment yielded greater strength and elongation.