jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Innovation and Investment Policy in the Economy of Uzbekistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article is devoted to the characteristic of main directions of development the innovative-investment policy of Uzbekistan Republic. In it sources of means and the projects implemented within the innovative- investment program of the state are considered. There is the conclusion in the article that innovative activity of the enterprises still is the major condition of realization of measures on modernization and country renovation.
Application of Neurological Theory of Behavioral Process to the Ideological and Political Education at a College

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The neurological theory of behavioral process,based on the measurement of human beings' mental activities,deals with the brain's control of behavior and its patterns.The author believes that a college's ideological and political education is a process of interaction among various activities of the subjects' nervous system.Therefore,strengthening the process of control,executing emotional and conceptual control,giving unconscious education,and raising self control and autonomous ability may become useful measures for enhancing the effect of ideological and political education.
Utilization of Local Wisdom of Antanan (Centella Asiatica) and Badotan (Ageratum Conyzoides L.) Plants for Anti-bacterial Edible Film of Pumpkin Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Edible film is a thin layer made from consumable materials, formed on top of or placed between food components, functioning as a barrier to mass transfer such as moisture, oxygen, and solutes. It is made from edible biopolymers and food-grade additives. The development of edible film packaging in this study was carried out by utilizing pumpkin skin and seeds that have not been adequately used and by exploring the addition of natural antimicrobial compounds, namely antanan and badotan, to enhance the inhibitory effect of edible films made from pumpkin seeds that meet food standards.In this study, the extraction of yellow pumpkin seeds, antanan, and badotan was performed, followed by organoleptic and phytochemical tests. An edible film formulation was made from yellow pumpkin seeds, varied with antanan and badotan, and tested for moisture content, solubility, pH, and antibacterial properties. The characteristic test results showed that the badotan leaf simplicia was dark green, with a bitter taste and an astringent aromatic odor typical of badotan. The extract was blackish-green in color, with an aromatic odor typical of badotan, and a very bitter taste. Antanan leaf simplicia had a typical aromatic odor, an astringent taste, and was solid green in color. The antanan leaf extract had a typical antanan odor, a very bitter taste, and was thick green in color. Pumpkin seed simplicia had a typical pumpkin smell, an astringent taste, and was thick green in color. The pumpkin seed extract had a smell of ethanol solvent, a bitter taste, and was brownish-green and in the form of a thick liquid. The potential bioactive compounds in badotan leaves included alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, and saponins. Antanan leaves and pumpkin seeds contained flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, and saponins. The results showed that the edible film formulation of pumpkin seeds combined with badotan and antanan (1:2) appeared tighter and smoother and did not break. The formulation of pumpkin seeds and badotan (1:2) had a moisture content of 0.0380%, a solubility content of 0.2075%, and a pH of 5.8. The pumpkin seed and antanan (1:2) formulation had a moisture content of 0.0732%, a solubility content of 5.7269%, and a pH of 5.8. The edible film antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus used the disc diffusion method and obtained an inhibition zone of 1.8 mm for pumpkin seed edible film, 12.4 mm for pumpkin seed (1:2) edible film, and 17.6 mm for pumpkin seed (1:2) edible film.
Solving finite boundaries integral equations related to X-ray scanners

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Using Fourier transforms within two-dimensional spaces is one of the usual methods employed to obtain a convenient image reconstruction from a sample of transaxial tomography data. However, this task can also be achieved via a thorough study of a Fredholm equation of a first kind with finite boundaries, i.e. admitting a disc as integration domain. With appropriate polar coordinates and utilising furthermore a power series representing 1/rMM, the Fredholm equation can be split into a denumerable set of new one-dimensional equations. Afterwards, suitable methods of solution are offered, taking into account the fact that all the equations studied belong to a class of ill-posed problems. The transformations pointed out are also helpful for handling as correctly as possible some related and more difficult non-linear problems, e.g. image reconstruction from time-of-flight data measured on ultrasonic pulses.
Practical Financial Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

List of Figures. List of Tables. List of Examples. Foreword. Preface to Volume II. II.1 Factor Models. II.1.1 Introduction. II.1.2 Single Factor Models. II.13 Multi-Factor Models. II.1.4 Case Study: Estimation of Fundamental Factor Models. II.1.5 Analysis of Barra Model. II.1.6 Tracking Error and Active Risk. II.1.7 Summary and Conclusions. II.2 Principal Component Analysis. II.2.1 Introduction. II.2.2 Review of Principal Component Analysis. II.2.3 Case Study: PCA of UK Government Yield Curves. II.2.4 Term Structure Factor Models. II.2.5 Equity PCA Factor Models. II.2.6 Summary and Conclusions. II.3 Classical Models of Volatility and Correlation. II.3.1 Introduction. II.3.2 Variance and Volatility. II.3.3 Covariance and Correlation. II.3.4 Equally Weighted Averages. II.3.5 Precision of Equally Weighted Estimates. II.3.6 Case Study: Volatility and Correlation of US Treasuries. II.3.7 Equally Weighted Moving Averages. II.3.8 Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages. II.3.9 Summary and Conclusions. II.4 Introduction to GARCH Models. II.4.1 Introduction. II.4.2 The Symmetric Normal GARCH Model. II.4.3 Asymmetric GARCH Models. II.4.4 Non-Normal GARCH Models. II.4.5 GARCH Covariance Matrices. II.4.6 Orthogonal GARCH. II.4.7 Monte Carlo Simulation with GARCH Models. II.4.8 Applications of GARCH Models. II.4.9 Summary and Conclusions. II.5 Time Series Models and Cointegration. II.5.1 Introduction. II.5.2 Stationary Processes. II.5.3 Stochastic Trends. II.5.4 Long Term Equilibrium. II.5.5 Modelling Short Term Dynamics. II.5.6 Summary and Conclusions. II.6 Introduction to Copulas. II.6.1 Introduction. II.6.2 Concordance Metrics. II.6.3 Copulas and Associated Theoretical Concepts. II.6.4 Examples of Copulas. II.6.5 Conditional Copula Distributions and Quantile Curves. II.6.6 Calibrating Copulas. II.6.7 Simulation with Copulas. II.6.8 Market Risk Applications. II.6.9 Summary and Conclusions. II.7 Advanced Econometric Models. II.7.1 Introduction. II.7.2 Quantile Regression. II.7.3 Case Studies on Quantile Regression. II.7.4 Other Non-Linear Regression Models. II.7.5 Markov Switching Models. II.7.6 Modelling Ultra High Frequency Data. II.7.7 Summary and Conclusions. II.8 Forecasting and Model Evaluation. II.8.1 Introduction. II.8.2 Returns Models. II.8.3 Volatility Models. II.8.4 Forecasting the Tails of a Distribution. II.8.5 Operational Evaluation. II.8.6 Summary and Conclusions. References. Index.
The effects of environmental regulation and environmental protection investment on green technology innovation of enterprises in heavily polluting industries—based on threshold and mediation effect models

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Studying the influence and mechanism between environmental regulation, environmental protection investment, and enterprise green technology innovation is crucial to realize ecological civilization construction and sustainable economic growth. Methods: Based on the green patent data and the corresponding enterprise data of A-share heavily polluting industry enterprises from 2010 to 2020, a comprehensive index of environmental regulation is constructed, and the system GMM estimation method, threshold effect test, and intermediary effect model are used. The impact and mechanism of environmental regulation on enterprise green technology innovation are studied, and the heterogeneity of property rights is analyzed. Results: The following conclusions are drawn: 1) Environmental regulation presents a “U”-shaped relationship of first suppressing and then promoting enterprise green technology innovation, and there is only a single threshold effect, and the “inflection point” is 2.756. 2) There is an intermediary effect of environmental investment in the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green technology creation; that is, environmental regulation affects enterprise green technology innovation by affecting the environmental protection investment behavior of enterprises. 3) State-owned enterprises are more sensitive to environmental regulation, and environmental regulation has a greater impact on enterprise green technology innovation. Discussion: These conclusions play an important role in the formulation of environmental policies by governments and in the green development of enterprises.
Comparative efficacy of systemic sequential regorafenib after TACE combined with first-line targeted drugs (donafenib, sorafenib, or lenvatinib) after treatment failure for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective, single-center, real-world study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e16190 Background: Donafenib is a novel multikinase inhibitor, which is a 1st-line systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor and has been approved as the 2nd-line systemic treatment for advanced HCC based on the RESORCE trial. However, the efficacy of systemic sequential regorafenib after donafenib treatment failure in advanced HCC patients(pts) remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of advanced HCC pts treated with donafenib combined with TACE (Dona-TACE), sorafenib combined with TACE (Sora-TACE) or lenvatinib combined with TACE (Lenva-TACE) at The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from January 2018 to December 2023. A total of 87 of these pts with advanced HCC who received regorafenib as the 2nd-line treatment. The 1st-line targeted drugs, disease control rate (DCR) (defined by the mRECIST), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse events (AEs) (defined by the CTCAE version 5.0) were recorded and compared. Results: After screening, 27 pts in the Dona-TACE group ,35 pts in the Sora-TACE group and 31 pts in the Lenva-TACE group were included in this study. The baseline characteristics of the three groups were similar. The median treatment duration of regorafenib was 5.2 months in the Dona-TACE group, 4.8 months in the Sora-TACE group and 3.7 months in the Lenva-TACE group. The overall DCRs of sequential regorafenib after donafenib, sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment failed were 79%, 75% and 71%(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in median PFS of regorafenib (4.8, 3.9, 4.1m) in the Dona-TACE, Sora-TACE and Lenva-TACE groups. Compared with other groups, the Dona-TACE group received regorafenib sequentially had a lowest incidence of grade 3-4 AEs (39.1%, P<0.05). All groups had no treatment-related deaths from regorafenib. Multivariate analysis showed that ECOG PS score, up-to-seven criteria, tumor blood supply and Extrahepatic metastasis were independent prognostic factors affecting PFS (HR, 3.220, 3.019, 2.753, 3.142; P < 0.05). No survival differences were observed between the patients who received 1st-line treatment with or without a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI) reagents. Conclusions: This retrospective, single-center, real-world study demonstrated that when donafenib failed the regorafenib could still improve the prognosis of advanced HCC pts with fewer AEs. The study will continue to focus on overall survival(OS) and whether combined ICIs or not in the 1st-line/ 2nd-line treatment could have a positive effect on OS.
Activity-dependence of spreading depression in the locust CNS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spreading depression (SD) is associated with large changes in extracellular ion concentrations and can be induced by impairing mechanisms of K+ ion homeostasis. We tested activity-dependence of SD in the locust model of ouabain-induced SD in the metathoracic ganglion. Wind-activation of thoracic circuitry resulted in small increases of K+ concentration that took 5-10 s to be cleared from the extracellular space. In the presence of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain, wind stimulation every 30 s halved the latency to the first SD event and increased its duration. Wind stimulation was able to trigger the first event suggesting that local activity could determine the origin of successive SD events. Perfusion with zero-calcium saline blocked neural activity in the ganglion and prevented the occurrence of ouabain-induced SD. We conclude that ouabain-induced SD in the locust CNS is strongly dependent on the existing level of neural activity.
Analysis of the Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 4 of 2010 concerning Guidelines for Integrated Sub-district Administrative Services in South Central Timor Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the Reformasi era in Indonesia, there has been a significant shift from a centralistic-autocratic government to democratization and decentralization, with the aim of improving the quality of public services. This research specifically evaluates the implementation of Permendagri No. 4 of 2010 in South Central Timor Regency (TTS), focusing on the implementation of the Integrated Sub-district Administrative Services Program (PATEN). A qualitative approach is used, involving descriptive methods to analyze the phenomenon of PATEN policy implementation. Data collection includes interviews, observations, literature reviews, and documentation, analyzed through the Van Meter and Van Horn (1975) policy implementation model. The findings reveal that not all sub-districts in Indonesia, including those in TTS Regency, have implemented the PATEN program. Key barriers include limited funding, human resources, and the handover of authority to sub-districts. Although the delegation of authority by Regent Regulation No. 22 of 2014 has increased sub-district responsibilities, significant challenges remain in executing licensing functions. This research highlights the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, enhanced resources, and stakeholder collaboration to achieve the intended goals of the PATEN program.
The Production of Nitrous Oxide by the Heme/Nonheme Diiron Center of Engineered Myoglobins (FeBMbs) Proceeds through a trans-Iron-Nitrosyl Dimer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Denitrifying NO reductases are transmembrane protein complexes that are evolutionarily related to heme/copper terminal oxidases. They utilize a heme/nonheme diiron center to reduce two NO molecules to N2O. Engineering a nonheme Fe(B) site within the heme distal pocket of sperm whale myoglobin has offered well-defined diiron clusters for the investigation of the mechanism of NO reduction in these unique active sites. In this study, we use FTIR spectroscopy to monitor the production of N2O in solution and to show that the presence of a distal Fe(B)(II) is not sufficient to produce the expected product. However, the addition of a glutamate side chain peripheral to the diiron site allows for 50% of a productive single-turnover reaction. Unproductive reactions are characterized by resonance Raman spectroscopy as dinitrosyl complexes, where one NO molecule is bound to the heme iron to form a five-coordinate low-spin {FeNO}(7) species with ν(FeNO)(heme) and ν(NO)(heme) at 522 and 1660 cm(-1), and a second NO molecule is bound to the nonheme Fe(B) site with a ν(NO)(FeB) at 1755 cm(-1). Stopped-flow UV-vis absorption coupled with rapid-freeze-quench resonance Raman spectroscopy provide a detailed map of the reaction coordinates leading to the unproductive iron-nitrosyl dimer. Unexpectedly, NO binding to Fe(B) is kinetically favored and occurs prior to the binding of a second NO to the heme iron, leading to a (six-coordinate low-spin heme-nitrosyl/FeB-nitrosyl) transient dinitrosyl complex with characteristic ν(FeNO)(heme) at 570 ± 2 cm(-1) and ν(NO)(FeB) at 1755 cm(-1). Without the addition of a peripheral glutamate, the dinitrosyl complex is converted to a dead-end product after the dissociation of the proximal histidine of the heme iron, but the added peripheral glutamate side chain in Fe(B)Mb2 lowers the rate of dissociation of the promixal histidine which in turn allows the (six-coordinate low-spin heme-nitrosyl/Fe(B)-nitrosyl) transient dinitrosyl complex to decay with production of N2O at a rate of 0.7 s(-1) at 4 °C. Taken together, our results support the proposed trans mechanism of NO reduction in NORs.
Broadband tunable resonance modes from multi-composition monolayer MoS2(1−x)Se2x with SiO2 microsphere cavity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) that are compatible with Si-based substrates have already exhibited huge application potential in optoelectronics and photonics. The MoS2(1−x)Se2x ternary alloy consisting of two different chalcogens, as a class of lasing gain medium, enriches the family of 2D TMDC materials. Here, monolayer MoS2(1−x)Se2x ternary alloys with tunable composition have been synthesized via single-step chemical vapor deposition method. Raman and photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the bandgap of grown monolayer MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloys can be gradually tuned from 1.59 to 1.82 eV, indicating the continuous changes of the chemical composition x from 0.82 to 0. The oscillation characteristic is further investigated, where the MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloy provides optical gain for the SiO2 microsphere resonant cavity. The achieved resonance modes in a broadband range from 610 to 810 nm not only extend the range of potential TMDC-based lasers, but also drive the applications of alloy materials in various optoelectronics devices.
Coevolution of the Cell Cycle and Deferred-Use Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cell cycle and cell fate decisions are interlinked in a broad range of developmental contexts in many organisms. Coordination of stem cell proliferation and differentiation is essential for normal development, organ homeostasis, and tissue repair through a direct interplay between cell cycle progression and differentiation in somatic stem cells in the skin, brain, gut, and hematopoietic system. The connection between cell cycle and cell fate decisions is present across the whole evolutionary tree. Human embryonic stem cells have an interconnection between cell cycle, self-renewal, and differentiation, while they exert a metastable state with heterogeneity at the single cell level. The cell cycle is tightly intertwined with cell fate decisions in diverse species ranging from yeast to human. Particularly important insight to the processes coordinating cell fate and the cell cycle has been derived from pluripotent stem cells.
Real-valued functions on partially ordered sets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is known that if P is a partially ordered set, then P can be imbedded into an everywhere branching partially ordered set Q in such a manner that if a function has a limit L on P, the function can be extended to Q and have a limit L on Q.' The purpose of this note is to show that P can be imbedded isomorphically into an everywhere branching partially ordered set Q and each function f on P extended to Q, in such a manner that f has a limit L on P if and only if it has a limit L on Q.2 By a partially ordered set is meant a set of elements P = {p }, with a binary relation po). The only partially ordered sets which are considered hereafter are those which have no minimal elements. A partially ordered set is directed if, for each pair of elements in P, Pi and P2, an element p3 can be found for which P3?
Michelson Interferometry technique for the Dryness measurement of Saturated Steam

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Saturated steam dryness is derived from the refractive index measured using the Michelson Interferometer. For the measurement, the interdependence of the refractive index on wavelength, temperature, pressure, and density is used. The methodology is non-invasive and eliminates the use of multiple sources for dryness measurement.
[Akago-yoiku-shihou, the fertility increase law in Nihonmatsu-domain].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"This paper examines the effects of a [Japanese] Tokugawa-period [1603-1868] law known as Akago-yoiku-shihou, an administrative attempt to shape fertility behavior of the domestic population. Akago-yoiku-shihou refers to the law to increase fertility under which local authorities distributed money and clothing to fathers according to the number of children they had.... By observing the relationship between the law and demographic variables such as the fertility rate, the births of twins and the births of mothers working as gejo, or servant, this paper gauges the effects of the Akago-yoiku-shihou." (EXCERPT)
Early identification

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Assumptions and practices in early identification of at-risk or high risk children are discussed from a developmental perspective. Content includes distinctions among risk categories, conceptual and measurement issues, influences on children's performance which affect early identification results, and the links between identification and services. Particular emphasis is given to the screening component of early identification programs because screening is widely practiced and affects large numbers of children. Six questions to be considered before implementing early identification programs are posed: How accurate is the screening system? Are the conditions of the screening adequate to ensure validity and reliability of findings? Does the level of inference drawn from screening data match the level of measurement employed? Are the specific procedures workable and efficient? Does the program provide for reasessment in order to document possible change? Does the identification lead to appropriate services? Given positive answers to these questions, we argue vigorously for the importance and value of early identification and prevention practices, suggesting that early identification be viewed as a comprehensive set of services, not just a test or assessment procedure.
Individualism-Collectivism and Pyschological Needs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two studies were conducted to examine the relationship between the dimension of individualism versus collectivism and psychological needs. In the first study Chinese subjects in Hong Kong completed an Individualism-Collectivism Scale and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Collectivism was found to be positively related to the needs for affiliation, succorance, abasement, and nurturance and negatively related to the needs for autonomy, deference, and heterosexuality. In the second study, American subjects in Illinois responded to several scales from the Personality Research Form, (PRF) and a collection of items constructed to measure collectivism. A factor labeled Self-reiliance Versus Interdependence held significant correlations with the autonomy need. It was negatively associated with needs for abasement, affiliation, nurturance, succorance, and desirability, as measured by the PRF. The similarity of correlational patterns observed among Hong Kong Chinese subjects and Illinois subjects suggested that there was some generality in the findings.