jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Semi-Device-Independent Characterization of Multiphoton Indistinguishability

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Multiphoton indistinguishability is a central resource for quantum enhancement in sensing and computation. Developing and certifying large-scale photonic devices requires reliable and accurate characterization of this resource, preferably using methods that are robust against experimental errors. Here, we propose a set of methods for the characterization of multiphoton indistinguishability, based on measurements of bunching and photon-number variance. Our methods are robust in a semi-device-independent way, in the sense of being effective even when the interferometers are incorrectly dialed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach using an advanced photonic platform comprising a quantum dot single-photon source and a universal fully programmable integrated photonic processor. Our results show the practical usefulness of our methods, providing robust certification tools that can be scaled up to larger systems.
[Clinical and experimental study on shen-qi injection with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumor of digestive tract].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Shen-Qi (Ginseng-Astragalus) injection was used with chemotherapy in the treatment of 176 cases of malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Results showed that Shen-Qi injection could reduce the toxic effects produced by chemical agents and increase the patient's body weight, as compared with that treated by chemotherapy alone (P < 0.001). It could protect the body's hematopoietic function. In Shen-Qi injection with chemotherapy group; the WBC count changed insignificantly but in chemotherapy group the WBC count reduced markedly, in which the rate of chemotherapy failure was 26.5% the difference between these two groups appeared to be significant (P < 0.01). Shen-Qi injection could increase the cellular immunologic function of the body, including phagocytic index and percentage of phagocytes, T lymphocyte transformation rate(cpm) as well as esterase stain. Further more, Shen-Qi injection could promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis and reduce the whole blood specific viscosity (P < 0.05). In the animal experiment, the total number of bone marrow cells and karyocytes of combined treatment group was found to be higher (P < 0.001) and the average weight of thymus was heavier (P < 0.05) than that in chemotherapy group. Shen-Qi injection could also prolong the survival time and increase the tumor inhibiting rate of experimental mice.
MorphVAD: Efficient Video Anomaly Detection Using Morphological Transformation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video anomaly detection aims to identify unusual events within video sequences. Approaches that rely on reconstruction and prediction have shown impressive success in this area and continue to be actively explored. However, recent techniques often rely on pre-trained external components such as optical flow or segmentation maps to handle the challenge of removing background that constitutes a substantial portion of video content. These additional modules, due to their computational complexity, introduce a noteworthy trade-off, particularly in real-time video anomaly detection, where timely monitoring is paramount. So, this paper introduces an efficient video anomaly detection method (MorphVAD) that is based on a novel morphology-based masking module (Morph-Mask). The Morph-Mask harnesses the straightforward concept of morphological transformations to create masks that highlight foreground elements. So, our MorphVAD strategically incorporates these masks during the training phase, focusing on retaining only foreground-related information in memory. Through illustrative experiments and various evaluations, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of these masks detection, showing the significant enhancements in video anomaly detection performance.
Past Stock Returns and the MAX Effect

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates how past stock returns affect investors’ lottery demand. We show that the maximum daily return (MAX) effect, first documented by Bali et al. (Maxing Out: Stocks as Lotteries and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns) is predominantly concentrated among stocks that have worst returns in the recent past. In contrast, for stocks that have recorded best past returns, the MAX effect becomes much weaker or even disappears. Our findings hold in the presence of a variety of control variables including the conventional return predictors, stock mispricing, stock price proximity to its 52-week high, and capital gains overhang. We interpret it as evidence that investors’ lottery demand intensifies in the presence of investment losses, consistent with the notion of time varying and state dependent nature of investors’ lottery preference. We further show that a self-financing portfolio that goes long in stocks with the worst past returns and low MAX and short in stocks with worst past returns and high MAX yields statistically and economically significant abnormal returns after risk adjustment by standard asset pricing models.
Hepatocyte‐Specific HuR Protects Against Acetaminophen‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) in many countries. Hepatocyte proliferation, autophagy and antioxidant capacity are crucial to the prognosis of APAP‐induced liver injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that human antigen R (HuR) protein expression was markedly increased in the model of APAP‐induced liver injury, and conditional hepatocyte‐specific HuR knockout aggravated APAP‐induced liver injury in mice. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of HuR's protective effects showed that conditional hepatocyte‐specific HuR knockout reduced the protein expression of cyclin A1, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, CDK2, ATG3, ATG5, ATG7 and NRF2 in mice, reducing hepatocyte proliferation, autophagy and antioxidant capacity. Mechanistically, HuR could physically associate with the 3′‐untranslated regions (UTRs) of cyclin A1, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, Cdk2, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7 and Nrf2 mRNAs, thereby regulating their translation. These findings suggest that HuR attenuates APAP‐induced liver injury by regulating hepatocyte proliferation, autophagy and antioxidant capacity.
Poezie jako hlavolam: Saussure o anagramu // Poetry as a conundrum: Saussure on anagrams

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The text provides a commentary regarding Ferdinand de Saussure‘s research in anagrammatic poetry. The author first describes three phases of Saussure’s research (1906–1907, 1907–1908, 1908–1909) and explains various changes in his approach. Secondly, the author introduces the main tendencies in reception of Saussure’s “anagrammatic work” (Tel Quel, linguistics, psychoanalysis). Finally, a comparison is drawn between Saussure’s analysis of anagrams and his Course in General Linguistics.
ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS OF SOLUTIONS OF STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DRIVEN BY MULTIVARIATE FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTIONS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, n-dimensional stochastic differential equations driven by multivariate fractional Brownian motions with the Hurst indices greater than 1/3 and a drift term are considered. We have obtained an expansion of expectations P t g (x) = Eg (X x t ) for small t, where X x t denotes the solution of the mentioned equation with an initial value x , and g: R n → R is a sufficiently smooth function.
Atacama Compact Array Correlator for Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a FX-architecture digital spectro-correlator, Atacama Compact Array Correlator for the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The ACA Correlator processes four pairs of dual polarization signals, whose bandwidth is 2 GHz, from up to sixteen antennas, and calculates auto- and cross-correlation spectra including cross-polarization in all combinations of sixteen antennas. We report the detailed design of the correlator and the verification results of the correlator hardware.
Overdetermined Solidarity: Rethinking Solidarity as a Form of Agency, a Set of Practices, and Performative Normativity with Jean-Luc Nancy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper sketches a social-ontological understanding of solidarity. Following the philosophy of Jean-Luc Nancy, solidarity is neither an intentional collective activity aiming at overcoming significant adversities (cf. Sangiovanni 2015) nor a moral goal (cf. Habermas 1990) or a certain means to avoiding social pathologies (cf. Neuhouser 2022). Rather, solidarity is overdetermined, comprising three interrelated aspects: first, a collective form of agency, given that the subject is a collective entity that embodies the entirety of the different identities that have been inscribed in it through various modes of subjectivity production; second, a set of collective practices that are contingent since they do not bar individual actions and necessary in the sense of not having to be legitimized when manifesting themselves in a collective manner because they correspond to the subject's collective agency; and third, a performative mode of normativity production through collective struggles, where inclusion functions as solidarity's ethical materialization. To explicate how the individual subject can be conceived as a socially structured, collective entity, I refer to Nancy's conceptualization of freedom, to his concept of the body as an "instance par excellence of contradiction" that is "always in the plural", and ultimately to his theory of the irreducible but not incommensurable Other. In doing so, I extrapolate the idea of solidarity as a necessary form of collective agency from Nancy's understanding of the commensurable Other; from his understanding of a body, the idea of solidarity as a contingently necessary set of collective practices; and ultimately, from Nancy's understanding of freedom, the idea of solidarity as a performative normativity that guarantees the holistic and inclusive character of solidary actions.
Femoroacetabular impingement: biomechanical and dynamic considerations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Femoroacetabular impingement (F.A.I.) is a pathologic process caused by an abnormal shape of the acetabulum, of the femoral head, or both. F.A.I., often referred to as idiopathic, may be secondary to slipped capital femoral epiphysis, congenital hypoplasia of the femur, Legg-Calvé Perthes disease, post-traumatic mal-union and protrusio acetabuli. From 2009 to 2012 we studied 21 patients (14 males), with a mean age of 52 (33 y - 75 y), affected by idiopathic F.A.I. Every patient underwent pelvic and hip joint X-rays and CT scan with 3D reconstructions, in order to evaluate the morphology of the pelvis and the hip joint and the torsion of the lower limbs (Femoroacetabular ante-retroversion). Our results show an average femoral ante-version angle of 12,4° (15°-20° physiological range) in patients affected by CAM impingement and an average acetabular ante-version angle of 13,5° (15°-20° physiological range) for those with PINCER impingement. These values, in patients affected by F.A.I., are probably related to morphologic and biomechanical features that may lead to the onset of idiopathic femoroacetabular impingement. In the literature, other studies partially support our findings, suggesting a more critical approach to a patient with idiopathic F.A.I. extending evaluations to nearby articulations.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Maintenance-Oriented Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work aims to assess the impact of maintenance-oriented design on a production line in the pharmaceutical industry, which includes operations in a clean room. The case study analyses the downtimes of a production line of large volume parental solutions. The results obtained at the end of an appropriate period of observation were used to identify the main problems, in terms of maintenance time. Some of the critical issues were overcome by requiring that part of the production line be redesigned by a company specialized in the design of clean room lines. In this context, the focus of the case study is not on the technical aspects of maintenance-oriented design application, but its consequences in terms of the increase in performance. The performance of the new production line was analysed and compared with that obtained in the first phase of the study. This comparison allowed us to estimate and quantify the achieved improvements referring to system availability and consequently to a production increase quantified at more than 110,000 units per year. The impact of the maintenance-oriented design was also evaluated from an economic point of view. In particular, the production increase obtained and the corresponding economic advantages were evaluated. Through this comparison, it was possible to estimate the payback period for the investment of redesign, quantified in less than six years.
Deep Networks for Point Cloud Map Validation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modern SLAM engines typically rely on high-end sensor rigs and robust algorithms to guarantee the high-quality requirements that self-driving cars and other complex autonomous systems require from 3D point cloud maps. Nonetheless, multiple factors can impact the reconstruction quality and it is not uncommon to end up with generally consistent maps affected by local distortions and artifacts, especially when mapping increasingly larger environments. We tackle the problem of identifying these low-consistency areas in point cloud maps by analyzing the quality of pair-wise point cloud alignments. Rather than relying on geometric consistency analysis or visual inspection, we leverage on deep point networks and formulate the validation as a binary classification problem, allowing us to quickly and effectively identify areas of improvement.
Charge Transfer in DNA-Metal-Ligand Complexes. Oligonucleotides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The paper examines the dynamical behavior of a radical cation (G+) generated in a double stranded DNA for different oligonucleotide sequences. The resonance hole tunneling through an oligonucleotide sequence is studied by the method of numerical integration of self-consistent quantum-mechanical equations. The hole motion is considered quantum mechanically and nucleotide base oscillations are treated classically. The results obtained demonstrate a strong dependence of charge transfer on the type of nucleotide sequence. The rates of the hole transfer are calculated for different nucleotide sequences and compared with experimental data on the transfer from (G+*) to a GGG unit.
Non-contrast head CT-based thrombolysis for wake-up/unknown onset stroke is safe: A single-center study and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Recent studies have shown that tPA can be safely administered past the standard 4.5 h window with good outcomes when selected with multi-model imaging, which is often lacking outside of comprehensive stroke centers. Aim We aim to analyze the safety and outcomes of wake up/unknown onset (WUS/UNK) patients treated based on non-contrast head CT (NCCT) at our institution and in the literature. Methods Suspected stroke patients from January 2015 to December 2018 receiving tPA within 4.5 h (standard window-SW) and with WUS/UNK based on NCCT and clinical-imaging mismatch were identified. We compared baseline characteristics, tPA metrics, and outcome data, with primary outcome as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). A meta-analysis was performed evaluating NCCT-based treatment of WUS/UNK patients. Results Of 1827 patients treated at our hub or through telestroke, 93 underwent WUS/UNK-based treatment. There was no statistical difference in sICH between WUS/UNK and SW: 1% vs. 4% (OR 0.3; 95% confidence interval 0.0–1.9). 90-day modified Rankin scale outcomes were similar between SW and WUS/UNK-treated patients. Seven studies encompassing 485 WUS/UNK patients were included in a pooled analysis with a 2.1% incidence of sICH. In our meta-analysis, three studies compared NCCT-based treated WUS/UNK patients with SW patients with no difference in rate of hemorrhage: 2.1% vs 3.4% (OR 1.01; 95% confidence interval 0.45–2.28). Interpretation Our single-center analysis and meta-analysis suggest that tPA can be safely administered based on NCCT with comparable rates of sICH for select WUS/UNK stroke patients.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery--the South African experience.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Questionnaires were sent to 148 South African otorhinolaryngologists to ascertain their experience of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The Messerklinger approach to FESS was followed by 87% of the surgeons who responded. In South Africa FESS is performed mainly under general anaesthesia. An incidence of 1.3% is reported in respect of major complications. Information obtained from the questionnaires describes training and supports further study. Registrars need more than knowledge and surgical experience; their skills must also be assessed by some form of certification.
Biosorption of Pb(II) from contaminated water ontoMoringa oleiferabiomass: kinetics and equilibrium studies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study aims at evaluating a batch scale biosorption potential of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The MOL biomass was characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET. The impact of initial concentrations of Pb (II), adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, coexisting inorganic ions (Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-), electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved salts (TDS) in water was investigated. The results revealed that maximum biosorption (45.83 mg/g) was achieved with adsorbent dosage 0.15 g/100 mL while highest removal (98.6%) was obtained at adsorbent biomass 1.0 g/100 mL and pH 6. The presence of coexisting inorganic ions in water showed a decline in Pb(II) removal (8.5% and 5%) depending on the concentrations of ions. The removal of Pb(II) by MOL decreased from 97% to 89% after five biosorption/desorption cycles with 0.3 M HCl solution. Freundlich model yielded a better fit for equilibrium data and the pseudo-second-order well described the kinetics of Pb(II) biosorption. FTIR spectra showed that -OH, C-H, -C-O, -C = O, and -O-C functional groups were involved in the biosorption of Pb(II). The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG = -28.10 kJ/mol) revealed that the biosorption process was favorable and thermodynamically driven. The results suggest MOL as a low cost, environment-friendly alternative biosorbent for the remediation of Pb(II) contaminated water.
Generational cache management of code traces in dynamic optimization systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A dynamic optimizer is a runtime software system that groups a program's instruction sequences into traces, optimizes those traces, stores the optimized traces in a software-based code cache, and then executes the optimized code in the code cache. To maximize performance, the vast majority of the program's execution should occur in the code cache and not in the different aspects of the dynamic optimization system. In the past, designers of dynamic optimizers have used the SPEC2000 benchmark suite to justify their use of simple code cache management schemes. In this paper, we show that the problem and importance of code cache management changes dramatically as we move from SPEC2000, with its relatively small number of dynamically generated code traces, to large interactive Windows applications. We also propose and evaluate a new cache management algorithm based on generational code caches that results in an average miss rate reduction of 18% over a unified cache, which translates into 19% fewer instructions spent in the dynamic optimizer. The algorithm categorizes code traces based on their expected lifetimes and group traces with similar lifetimes together in separate storage areas. Using this algorithm, short-lived code traces can easily be removed from a code cache without introducing fragmentation and without suffering the performance penalties associated with evicting long-lived code traces.
Soldering external connections to thin film systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract External connections to thin film hybrid integrated circuits (HICs) by solder bonding have several advantages over those bonded by solid phase or thermocompression bonding. This paper reviews these advantages and discusses the parameters necessary for high strength, reliable solder joints to thin films. Dissolution of the soluble thin film(s) into solder limits the solder reflow times. Recent work has shown that dissolution rates of thin films in solder depend primarily on the degree of thin film heat treatment prior to soldering, substrate surface texture, and the method of thin film deposition. Auger in‐depth profiling data show that alloy formation and internal oxidation reduces film dissolution during solder reflow. Metallographic sectioning and chemical analysis are used to identify weak solder bond interfaces which result from intermetallic formation. Tin from the solder diffuses rapidly and reacts with soluble metals such as gold, palladium and copper to form brittle intermetallics such as AuSn 4 , PdSn 4 and Cu 6 Sn 5 . Intermetallic formation between the solder and the thin film systems of interest can affect joint strength and reliability.
An automated subaperture stitching interferometer workstation for spherical and aspherical surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Subaperture stitching is a well-known technique for extending the effective aperture and dynamic range of phase measuring interferometers. Several commercially available instruments can automatically stitch flat surfaces, but practical solutions for stitching spherical and aspherical surfaces are inherently more complex. We have developed an interferometer workstation that can perform high-accuracy automated subaperture stitching of spheres, flats, and mild aspheres up to 200 mm in diameter. The workstation combines a six-axis precision stage system, a commercial Fizeau interferometer of 4" or 6" aperture, and a specially developed software package that automates measurement design, subaperture data acquisition, and the mathematical reconstruction of a full-aperture phase map. The stitching algorithm incorporates a general constrained optimization framework for compensating for several types of errors introduced by the interferometer optics and stage mechanics. These include positioning errors, viewing system distortion, and the system reference wave. We present repeatability data, and compare stitched full-aperture measurements made with two different transmission spheres to a calibrated full-aperture measurement. We also demonstrate stitching's ability to test larger aspheric departures on a 10 mm departure parabola, and compare the preliminary results with a full-aperture null test.
Dirac’s Large Number Hypothesis: Is it Related to 40 Hz Gamma Oscillation or Consciousness?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Another large number which is of the order of Dirac large number 10 40 has come to our notice in life sciences. This is the ratio of smallest time scale of 40 Hz oscillation in neuronal system of brain and the smallest timescale called Planck time in the present universe. Since 40 Hz oscillations dominate at awake and REM sleep states, our findings may shed new light on the issues of life and consciousness and the fine tuning of the fundamental constants in the present universe.