jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preparation, physicochemical and preservation properties of Ti/ZnO/in situ SiOx chitosan composite coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Among nanomaterials, Ti and ZnO nanoparticles are often chosen as preservation materials because of their antibacterial properties. Chitosan, as a natural biopolymer, has potential because of its abundance, compatibility and antibacterial properties. To improve the physicochemical and preservation properties of in situ SiO x chitosan (CS) composite coating, Ti/ZnO/SiO x CS composite coatings were prepared with Ti‐doped ZnO (Ti/ZnO) nanorods and nanoballs. The composite coating structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and their physicochemical and preservation properties were determined simultaneously. RESULTS The results show that the Ti/ZnO nanoparticles are beneficial to homogeneous dispersion of in situ synthesized nano SiO x in the CS coating, and that Ti/ZnO nanoballs have better dispersion than Ti/ZnO nanorods. Moreover, strong hydrogen bonds are formed among Ti/ZnO nanoparticles and in situ synthesized nano SiO x and CS molecules, and the primary structure of CS is disorganized. Thereby, the gas permeabilities and mechanical properties of the CS coatings are improved due to modification of Ti/ZnO nanoparticles, and the Ti/ZnO nanoballs/SiO x CS composite coating is optimal. The preservation properties of the CS coatings on Sciaenops ocellatus are significantly improved, and those of Ti/ZnO/ in situ SiO x CS composite coatings are superior. CONCLUSION The preservation properties of the CS composite coatings on S. ocellatus are significant, and the Ti/ZnO nanoballs/SiO x CS composite coating is even better. Therefore, the co‐modification method of in situ nanoparticles and antibacterial nanoparticles may be a promising method to improve the preservation properties of CS coatings. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
sj-docx-7-npx-10.1177_1934578X221076218 - Supplemental material for The Effects of Salt-Water Processing of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex on the Enhancement of Kidney Absorption of the Main Alkaloids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-npx-10.1177_1934578X221076218 for The Effects of Salt-Water Processing of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex on the Enhancement of Kidney Absorption of the Main Alkaloids by Fan Zhang, Li Li, Jia-hui Zhao, Xiu-tong Ge, Hui Gao and Tian-zhu Jia in Natural Product Communications
[Histological study of the coronary arteries during the first six months of life (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Authors report on the results of a preliminary study on the histological aspects of the coronary arteries during the first six months in the life of the infant. After having reviewed the data relative to the distribution according to sex and age, the causes of death and the localization of the alterations, they draw attention to the discordant opinions still held to date on the pathogenetical interpretations of the medical reports under their observation particularly in reference to the connections with coronary arteriosclerosis in the adult.
Present and Future Geologic Applications of Petrographic and Other Image Analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Relatively simple and inexpensive imaging hardware has provided the potential for the capture and analysis of great quantities of useful rock information. A common petrographic imaging system can be trained to identify the holes in rocks; from this collection of pores, variables such as permeability, recovery potential, and diagenetic history can be calculated for many rocks. Relationships between rock properties and petrophysical logs can also be ascertained and quantified in many instances. For many companies, petrographic image analysis has become a commonplace procedure. The techniques involved with geologic image analysis derive directly from cancer research and other pattern-recognition-based studies. As these studies have advanced, so do the potential applications for the petroleum geologist. Intelligent software can be used to determine the volume of clay in a thin section and further subdivide the volume into framework clay, clay lining the pore network, and isolated particles. Techniques that quantify textures can be used to determine mineralogy, classify depositional environment, and sort out diagenetic history. Essentially, anything the eye can see in a rock, image analysis can capture. Furthermore, newer statistical approaches can extract meaningful and useful information from the captured data. On the macro scale, image analysis can be used to describemore » larger scale core properties. Many of the macro techniques are based on satellite imaging techniques in conjunction with map comparison algorithms. On both the macro and micro scales, fractures can be identified and subsequently quantified similar to lineation analysis, thus offering access to information quite useful to the petroleum geologist.« less
Impact of English-Language and French-Language Students and Faculty Populations on the Use of E-Reference in a Bilingual Canadian University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reports the results of a quantitative analysis comparing usage rates between English- and French-language e-reference titles at the J. N. Desmarais Library of Laurentian University, Canada. e-Reference usage variables examined including full-text use and searches. French-language e-reference titles were separated from English-language e-reference titles, if they contain entirely or primarily French-language information. The majority of e-reference usage was recorded by the English-language e-reference collection. This corresponds to the much larger English-language student and faculty populations. In most cases, the English-language e-reference exhibited very strong to moderately strong linear relationships with student and faculty populations while French-language e-reference usage exhibited weak to very weak linear relationships. In most cases, the English-language e-reference collection demonstrated a greater level of relative use by English-language student and faculty populations.
Bordetella parapertussis Survives the Innate Interaction with Human Neutrophils by Impairing Bactericidal Trafficking inside the Cell through a Lipid Raft-Dependent Mechanism Mediated by the Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Whooping cough is a reemerging disease caused by two closely related pathogens, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis . The incidence of B. parapertussis in whooping cough cases has been increasing since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines containing purified antigens that are common to both strains. Recently published results demonstrated that these vaccines do not protect against B. parapertussis due to the presence of the O antigen on the bacterial surface that impairs antibody access to shared antigens. We have investigated the effect of the lack of opsonization of B. parapertussis on the outcome of its interaction with human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]). In the absence of opsonic antibodies, PMN interaction with B. parapertussis resulted in nonbactericidal trafficking upon phagocytosis. A high percentage of nonopsonized B. parapertussis was found in nonacidic lysosome marker (lysosome-associated membrane protein [LAMP])-negative phagosomes with access to the host cell-recycling pathway of external nutrients, allowing bacterial survival as determined by intracellular CFU counts. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen was found to be involved in directing B. parapertussis to PMN lipid rafts, eventually determining the nonbactericidal fate inside the PMN. IgG opsonization of B. parapertussis drastically changed this interaction by not only inducing efficient PMN phagocytosis but also promoting PMN bacterial killing. These data provide new insights into the immune mechanisms of hosts against B. parapertussis and document the crucial importance of opsonic antibodies in immunity to this pathogen.
Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles: Application on the Removal of Petroleum Oil from Contaminated Water and Soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Iron nanoparticles were produced using the extract of mortiño berry ( Vaccinium floribundum ) (vZVI) as reducing and stabilizer agent. Fresh nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques, while laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from water and soil after treatment with synthesized nanoscale iron particles. Nanoparticles as produced were spherical in the range of 5–10 nm. After treatment with vZVI nanoparticles, water contaminated with two concentrations of TPHs (9.32 mg/L and 94.20 mg/L) showed removals of 85.94% and 88.34%, respectively, whereas a contaminated soil with a TPHs concentration of 5000 mg/kg treated during 32 h with nanoparticles reached a removal of 81.90%. Results indicate that the addition of vZVI nanoparticles produced strong reducing conditions, which accelerate removal of TPHs and suggest that these nanoparticles might be a promising technology to clean up TPHs contaminated water and soils.
Treatment selection and outcomes of locally advanced esophageal cancer in octo- and nonagenarians: Is a curative intent multimodal approach feasible?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

333 Background: Neoadjuvant therapy followed by en bloc surgical resection affords the highest rates of survival from locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) and represents the standard of care. However, patients of advanced age may not be offered this approach due to concerns over toxicity/tolerability. The outcomes of different treatment modalities for patients aged 80 and above with LAEC are not well described. Methods: A retrospective, single center, cohort analysis was performed on a prospectively maintained comprehensive esophageal cancer database. Between 2010-20, all patients ≥80yrs with locally advanced esophageal/GEJ cancer (cT2-4a, Nany, M0) were identified and outcomes stratified according to the following treatment categories: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) or chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery; definitive CRT (dCRT); upfront surgery; palliative CT or RT; or best supportive care (BSC). Data presented as median(range). Univariate analysis used for clinicopathological data (*p<0.05). Survival was compared with log rank analysis (Mantel Cox). Results: 79 patients ≥80 yrs with LAEC were identified. Median age was 83yr (80-97) and Charlson comorbidity index=7 (6-10). Most were cT3 (73%), cN- (56%) and adenocarcinoma (62%). Treatment approaches included: neoadjuvant (nCT(n=11)/nCRT(N=5)) + surgery (16/79(20%)); surgery alone (19/79 (24%)); dCRT (12/29(15%)); palliative RT or CT (24 + 3/79(34%)); BSC (5/79(6%)). Neoadjuvant consisted of nCT (FLOT=4; carbo-taxol =4; FOLFOX=2; CP+pembro=1) and nCRT (CROSS=5) and most received the intended full treatment/cycles (10/16:63%). Surgery was performed in 35 (age=82(80-96)), with major complications (grade 3-5) in 13/35 (37%) and 90-day mortality in 3/35(8.5%). Overall Survival for the entire cohort was 58% (1yr) and 19% (3yr), but highest with nCT/nCRT+surgery (94%/46%)*, followed by surgery alone (68%/39%), dCRT (58%/8%), palliative treatment (40%/4%), and BSC (0%/0%). Curative intent treatment (nCT/nCRT/surgery/dCRT) had significantly increased 1 and 3-yr survival compare to palliative treatment (76%/31% vs 34%/3.3%)*. Conclusions: Multimodal standard of care treatment, including surgical resection, of locally advanced esophageal cancer in octo/nonagenarians is feasible and safe in a subset of this high-risk population and associated with improved outcomes compared to other approaches. Age alone should not bias against curative-intent treatment in elderly patients with esophageal cancer.
[Steroid metabolism in primates. XX. Excretion of C21-steroids in urine of women and baboons (Papio hamadryas) during pregnancy].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Urinary excretion of 10 C21 steroids was investigated in women and baboons (Papio hamadryas) in various stages of pregnancy, in comparison to controls. In pregnant women, excretion of total C21 steroids is slightly increased, whereas in pregnant baboons it is slightly decreased. In women, excretion of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone is diminished, that of 20 beta-OH-F (11-beta,17alpha,20beta,21-tetrahydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione) and of 11-deoxycortisol is increased. In pregnant baboons no significant alterations in corticosteroid metabolism were established.
Auspicious Generation: The Bamboo LIfe Cycle of a Chinese Cultural Center

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is an architectural thesis exploring bamboo not just as a material, but asking what the temporal nature of the material could mean for design. While bamboo is often considered sustainable because of its considerable growth rate, few really embrace the nature of bamboo. To exhibit this concept this project follows the line from source to destination, and from germination to structure; not representing a fi nished object in single moment, but an idea that spans time. To do this, bamboo acts as a catalyst for a cultural center. It grows and matures and is harvested, it changes the space; and as it is used, degrades, and fi nally taken down, it changes the design. From seed to opera house and back again to the earth, the cycle breaths continuous life into the site. \n\nThe project, located near 7th and H Street, NW, in Washington, DC is a dual program - both cultural center and public garden. The "bookends" or exterior buildings on the site are a balancing force to the ephemeral nature of the bamboo. The terracotta bearing walls buffer the peaceful inside from the outside. Their roles serve as stage to the street, gatehouse to the garden, and armature for the bamboo structures to be built upon. Their solidity holds in and allows the movement of time to ebb and flow with that of the bamboo grove.
Fruit quality in strawberry (Fragaria sp.) grown on colored plastic mulch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Use of mulch has morphogenetic effects on strawberry (Fragaria sp.) production. In the present study the effects of red, blue, and fruit quality were evaluated in a trial carried out at 2,500 m a.s.l. in central Colombia. Red mulch gave results similar or better to the black control for most factors. Foliar area, fresh fruit weight, and fruit length were highest with red mulch and lowest for silver. Silver mulch gave the lowest pH and dry fruit weight, and the lowest ratio of total soluble solids/titratable acidity, while black mulch gave the highest value in this ratio.Positive effects of red mulch are possibly due to the increased absorption of red and far-red light by phytochrome, which in turn influences enzymes associated with sweetness and flavor.The superior results of red mulch were not always statistically significant, but the present study indicates the potential value of further tests on the use of red mulch instead of black mulch. If it is definitively shown that red mulch provides for better yield and fruit quality, it will be important to expand and improve its manufacture and stabilize its color, which often fades under high altitude tropical conditions.
Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The fluoroquinolones, a new class of potent orally absorbed antimicrobial agents, are reviewed, considering structure, mechanisms of action and resistance, spectrum, variables affecting activity in vitro, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical efficacy, emergence of resistance, and tolerability. The primary bacterial target is the enzyme deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase. Bacterial resistance occurs by chromosomal mutations altering deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase and decreasing drug permeation. The drugs are bactericidal and potent in vitro against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus spp., and Neisseria spp., have good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococci, and (with several exceptions) are less potent against streptococci and have fair to poor activity against anaerobic species. Potency in vitro decreases in the presence of low pH, magnesium ions, or urine but is little affected by different media, increased inoculum, or serum. The effects of the drugs in combination with a beta-lactam or aminoglycoside are often additive, occasionally synergistic, and rarely antagonistic. The agents are orally absorbed, require at most twice-daily dosing, and achieve high concentrations in urine, feces, and kidney and good concentrations in lung, bone, prostate, and other tissues. The drugs are efficacious in treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, including uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections, bacterial gastroenteritis, and gonorrhea, and show promise for therapy of prostatitis, respiratory tract infections, osteomyelitis, and cutaneous infections, particularly when caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Fluoroquinolones have also proved to be efficacious for prophylaxis against travelers' diarrhea and infection with gram-negative bacilli in neutropenic patients. The drugs are effective in eliminating carriage of Neisseria meningitidis. Patient tolerability appears acceptable, with gastrointestinal or central nervous system toxicities occurring most commonly, but only rarely necessitating discontinuance of therapy. In 17 of 18 prospective, randomized, double-blind comparisons with another agent or placebo, fluoroquinolones were tolerated as well as or better than the comparison regimen. Bacterial resistance has been uncommonly documented but occurs, most notably with P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and occasionally other species for which the therapeutic ratio is less favorable. Fluoroquinolones offer an efficacious, well-tolerated, and cost-effective alternative to parenteral therapies of selected infections.
Research on Longevity Risk and Its Relevant Issues

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

China entered an aging society as early as 1999. With the constant improvement of death rate increasing average life expectancy and rapid decline of fertility rate, the aging problem is more and more serious, and the longevity risk in China’s pension system is increasingly emerging. This inevitably brings new challenges for insurance companies, pension fund and government. Therefore,many scholars at home and abroad carry out diverse research on issues caused by longevity risk, mainly including mortality prediction model and longevity risk measurement. The paper analyzed the longevity risk from the aspect of its identification, measurement and management, and preliminarily explored the financial derivatives and the management strategies to defuse longevity risk in order to offer relevant experience reference for further studies.
Fatal Falls Overboard in Commercial Fishing — United States, 2000–2016

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Commercial fishing is one of the most dangerous jobs in the United States, with a 2016 work-related fatality rate (86.0 deaths per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers) 23 times higher than that for all U.S. workers (3.6) (1). Sinking vessels cause the most fatalities in the industry; however, falling from a fishing vessel is a serious hazard responsible for the second highest number of commercial fishing-associated fatalities (2,3). CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed data on unintentional fatal falls overboard in the U.S. commercial fishing industry to identify gaps in the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies. During 2000-2016, a total of 204 commercial fishermen died after unintentionally falling overboard. The majority of falls (121; 59.3%) were not witnessed, and 108 (89.3%) of these victims were not found. Among 83 witnessed falls overboard, 56 rescue attempts were made; 22 victims were recovered but were not successfully resuscitated. The circumstances, rescue attempts, and limited use of lifesaving and recovery equipment indicate that efforts to reduce these preventable fatalities are needed during pre-event, event, and post-event sequences of falls overboard. Vessel owners could consider strategies to prevent future fatalities, including lifeline tethers, line management, personal flotation devices (PFDs), man-overboard alarms, recovery devices, and rescue training.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Susceptibility to Carbapenem/Relebactam Combinations: Influence of Inoculum Density and Carbapenem-to-Inhibitor Concentration Ratio

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The inoculum effect (IE) is a well-known phenomenon with beta-lactams. At the same time, the IE has not been extensively studied with carbapenem/carbapenemase inhibitor combinations. The antibiotic-to-inhibitor concentration ratio used in susceptibility testing can influence the in vitro activity of the combination. To explore the role of these factors, imipenem/relebactam and doripenem/relebactam MICs were estimated against six Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains at standard inocula (SI) and high inocula (HI) by two methods: with a fixed relebactam concentration and with a fixed, pharmacokinetic-based carbapenem-to-relebactam concentration ratio. The combination MICs at HI, compared to SI, increased with most of the tested strains. However, the IE occurred with only two K. pneumoniae strains regardless of the MIC testing method. The relationship between the MICs at SI and the respective inoculum-induced MIC changes was observed when the MICs were estimated at pharmacokinetic-based carbapenem-to-relebactam concentration ratios. Thus, (1) IE was observed with both carbapenem/relebactam combinations regardless of the MIC testing method; however, IE was not observed frequently among tested K. pneumoniae strains. (2) At HI, carbapenem/relebactam combination MICs increased to levels associated with carbapenem resistance. (3) Combination MICs determined at pharmacokinetic-based carbapenem-to-inhibitor concentration ratios predict susceptibility elevations at HI in KPC-producing K. pneumoniae.
“You are always hiding. It's the worst way to live.” Exploring Stigma in African Immigrants Living With HIV in a Large Northwest U.S. Metropolitan Area

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

African immigrants living in the United States are disproportionately and uniquely affected by HIV. Evidence shows that stigma may contribute to this inequity. Applying a biopsychosocial model of health, our qualitative study explored HIV-related stigma and its impact on African immigrants living with HIV in a large northwestern U.S. metropolitan area. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 African immigrants living with HIV. In the biological health realm, HIV-related stigma contributed to adverse health care environments, disruptions in care, and poor physical health. In the psychological health realm, it was associated with emotional vulnerability, depressive symptoms, and negative coping. In the social health realm, stigma lead to disclosure challenges, isolation, and poor social support. HIV-related stigma was an extensive and pervasive burden for this population. The biopsychosocial model was a helpful lens through which to explore HIV-related stigma and identify opportunities for future research and intervention.