jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
O2‐01‐04: Chitinase Enzyme Activity in Cerebral Spinal Fluid is Strongly Associated with Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still challenging and new methods of early diagnosis and prognosis predicting are needed for implementation of newly emerging therapies. On the molecular level there is evidence that DNA damage accumulation could contribute to AD development. However, clinical markers of DNA damage that can be determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are lacking. We have recently identified a set of biomarkers that is induced by telomere dysfunction or other types of DNA damage. Here, we analyzed marker proteins of DNA damage and telomere dysfunction (chitinase activity, n-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity, stathmin protein level and EF1alpha protein level) in CSF and blood serum of 169 AD patients and 191 non-AD controls. In addition, telomere length was measured in neurons of post mortem biopsies of the olfactory bulb of AD and non-AD patients. There was a significant increase in chitinase enzyme activity in CSF of AD patients compared to controls. In addition, chitinase activity was sufficient as a single marker to distinguish AD from non-AD patients with 85% accuracy (cross-validation). Other markers of DNA damage showed lesser increase in CSF of AD patients compared to controls. Combination of markers did not increase accuracy in discriminating AD patients from controls in training and test cohorts. Telomere length in olfactory bulb neurons did not reveal a difference between the two cohorts. Chitinase enzyme activity did not show differences in peripheral blood serum of AD patients compared to controls. Taken together, our data suggest that enzymatic activity of chitinase in CSF represents a novel biomarker in AD. Previous studies have provided evidence that chitinase mRNA expression is increased in macrophages of AD models. Further analysis is necessary to determine whether chitinase enzyme activity in CSF of AD patients reflects an increased activity of macrophages in the brain of AD patients rather than DNA damage. Of note, the measurement of chitinase enzyme activity is a robust assay, which can easily be conducted in a clinical setting. The determination of this marker should be further evaluated for early diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in AD.
The effect of temperature and period of high humidity on the development of Sclerotinia stem rot on soybeans in the greenhouse

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Temperature and moisture are the primary variables that affect disease development. This study was done to evaluate the effect of temperature and humidity on disease development initiated by mycelium of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the greenhouse. Soybean cultivar SNK 500 was planted in the greenhouse, grown to V3 growth stage and inoculated with a mycelium suspension using an atomizer. Pots were covered with transparent plastic bags and randomly placed in six incubation cabinets set at 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28°C for periods of three, six, nine and 12 days post-inoculation before being placed in the greenhouse. Control pots were placed directly on the greenhouse bench, without being bagged. Plants were scored for wilting incidence and leaf lesion development using a percentage and 0-5 rating scale respectively. Results from greenhouse trials indicated that temperature and periods of high humidity post-inoculation significantly (P<0.05) affected both wilting incidence and leaf lesion development. Greatest wilting severity (47%) and leaf lesion development rating (2.7) were recorded at a temperature of 22°C and a period of high humidity post-inoculation of nine days.
Behavioral and Developmental Effects of Preventing Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Healthy Full-Term Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine the behavioral and developmental effects of preventing iron-deficiency anemia in infancy. Methods. Healthy full-term Chilean infants who were free of iron-deficiency anemia at 6 months were assigned to high- or low-iron groups or to high- or no-added-iron groups. Behavioral/developmental outcomes at 12 months of age included overall mental and motor test scores and specific measures of motor functioning, cognitive processing, and behavior. There were no dif-ferences between high- and low-iron groups in the prev-alence of iron-deficiency anemia or behavioral/develop-mental outcome, and they were combined to form an iron-supplemented group (n 1123) for comparison with the no-added-iron group (n 534).
Changes in soil carbon stock in Mewat and Dhar under cereal and legume based cropping systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil organic carbon is strongly affected by agricultural management practices. Cropping systems can influence the amount of carbon present in soil. Increase in SOC can be related with the choice of crops present in the cropping sequence as well as on the management practices followed. The present study was undertaken to quantify the changes in soil carbon stock under different cropping systems. Two major cropping systems i.e. pearlmillet-wheat and pearlmillet-mustard were selected in Mewat, Haryana while soybean-wheat cropping systems was identified in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Results showed that SOC of surface soil layer decreased from 0.42% to 0.39% in pearlmillet-mustard cropping system during the study period. But in soybean-wheat cropping system it increased from 1.14% to 1.24%. Legume based cropping system showed enhancement of surface soil carbon.
Gas Turbines Versus Steam Reliability Analysis for a Warship Propulsion Plant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Methods of mathematical analysis are reviewed for defining and numerically computing the reliability of warship propulsion systems. Experimental analysis is made of a twin-screw all-gas-turbine plant design for a small warship and the results are compared with computed figures previously published for a geared-steam-turbine plant. It is apparent that relatively simple arrangement of components in subsystems is an inherent advantage of the gas turbine plant from the reliability standpoint and that this type of plant has a potential for high reliability. The analysis was made possible by the availability of component MTBF figures taken from past experience. It is hoped that this will encourage users of marine propulsion equipment to compile and present additional reliability statistics and possibly complete reliability analyses of propulsion plants currently in service.
Legal aspects of sustainable development of seaports in Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sea ports are the driving force behind economic development. If ports operate efficiently and in conditions that support growth, the entire national economy gains. However, ports facing barriers and a scarcity of favourable factors have a negative impact on a country’s economy. In terms of sustainable development, it does not suffice to increase the economic potential of ports; it is also necessary to strive for balance between social and environmental interests, so that the sea may provide for everyone, including the future generations. It is important to enable ports to operate in such a way as not to stunt their competitiveness but to allow for development without disrupting the social and economic balance. The aim of this article is to investigate whether the existing legal instruments in the field of sustainable development of ports match the specific profile of ports as entities and whether the assumptions for sustainable development work well in practice. The article contains an analysis and assessment of legal regulations concerning sustainable development of sea ports. Selected legal instruments with direct or indirect impact on the formation of the sustainable development policy for Polish sea ports have been analysed at the global, European and national levels. Reference has been made to regulations related both to hard law and soft law. The article draws special attention to a balance between social, economic and environmental interests as a foundation for sustainable development.
Measuring technique of a phase shift based on Fourier analysis of differential interferograms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Interferometry employing the phase-stepping method requires precise knowledge of the phase shift. A new approach to measuring a phase shift between three interferograms that is based on the Fourier analysis of three new interferograms formed using the differences between different pairs of the initial interferograms has been suggested. Possibilities of increasing the accuracy of measuring the phase shift have been considered.
IDDF2023-ABS-0057 Nanocapsule of gut microbiota for enhancing efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

The invasive nasointestinal and recal administration was commonly used for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Microbiota powder capsule could be non-invasively administrated, but its preparation caused the dead of anaerobic bacteria by the long-time freeze drying. Therefore, a novel strategy combining non-invasive administration with high microbiota activity is needed.

Methods

Silk fibroin and phosphatidylcholine were used for constructing nanocapsule of gut microbiota by layer-by-layer strategy. The coating efficiency of the nanocapsule was represented by a confocal image and flow cytometry analysis. The morphology of the nanocapsule was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and size distribution. Resistance assessment of gut microbiota nanocapsule was investigated in simulated gastric fluid and mice, respectively. The efficacy of FMT using nanocapsule (NanoFMT) was compared with common FMT in the treatment of colitis model. Stool, blood and intestinal tissue samples were collected from all mice. Gut microbiota, cytokine levels and histopathology were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NanoFMT.

Results

Confocal images demonstrated the existence of silk fibroin and phosphatidylcholine labeled by fluorescein on the surface of microbiota. Flow cytometry showed a high coating ratio was present at 74.4%, indicating that nanocapsule of gut microbiota could be acquired (IDDF2023-ABS-0057 Figure 1A). Nanocapsule did not impact the growth performance of gut microbiota but significantly ameliorated gastrointestinal tolerance in vitro and in vivo models. Comparing with common FMT, NanoFMT by gut microbiota nanocapsule remarkably decreased the dead ratio of mice, reversed intestinal contraction and delayed inflammatory disorder during the treatment of the colitis model induced by Salmonella typhimurium (IDDF2023-ABS-0057 Figure 1B). Moreover, NanoFMT group represented better alpha diversity and beta diversity of gut microbiota than FMT group and completely suppressed Salmonella typhimurium (IDDF2023-ABS-0057 Figure 1C). Oral administration of nanocapsule is more acceptable to patients than invasive delivery (nasointestinal and recal administration). Besides, a nanocapsule could be prepared within 1 hour, which was remarkably shorter than the preparation of a common capsule (2-3 days), hence easily preserving the activity of anaerobes.

Conclusions

NanoFMT by gut microbiota nanocapsule rendered better therapeutic effect and gut microbiota regulation than common FMT for treating inflammatory bowel disease, showing excellent potential in clinical application.
Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing a Biphenyl-Based Knitting Aryl Polymer and Gas Separation Performance

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared using Matrimid (M), polysulfone (PSF) or polyphenylene oxide (PPO) as the continuous phase and a porous biphenyl-based knitting aryl polymer as a filler, synthesized through the Friedel–Craft reaction. The filler had little influence on the thermal and morphological properties of the membranes but affected the mechanical and gas transport properties, which were different depending on the type of matrix. Thus, in the case of MMMs based on Matrimid, the filler increased considerably the permeability to all gases, although no improvements in selectivity were achieved. A PSF-based MMM showed minor permeability increases, but not in all gases, while the selectivity was particularly improved for hydrogen separations. A PPO-based MMM did not exhibit variation in permeability nor in permselectivity with the addition of the filler.
[Thoracocentesis: wright indication and wright placement?]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of a tension pneumothorax is very low. The initial treatment of a tension pneumothorax is needle thoracocentesis. This procedure is not a routine treatment and this invasive treatment is not without risks. Recognition of a clinically relevant tension pneumothorax remains difficult especially in the prehospital setting. Elevation of one half of the chest is a notoriously unreliable observation in relation to the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax. Absence of breath sounds without tension physiology is not a reason to perform a thoracocentesis. With the help of 3 cases we would like to explain and clarify the clinical presentation, the indication for and the correct procedure of thoracentesis.
Rapidly progressive dyspnea in a teenage boy. Clinical pathological conference

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Protocol]

A 15-year-old white boy first noted some mild dyspnea in the summer of 1963, while riding his bicycle. At that time he lived in Massachusetts. No cause for the dyspnea was apparent, but it was progressive until, during the following winter, he developed a "cold" with dry cough and had to be hospitalized because of marked dyspnea. He was treated for pneumonia with right pleural effusion. Shortly thereafter the family moved to Florida, and the boy was hospitalized at Fort Myers in late March because of increasing dyspnea as well as the onset of cyanosis. He also had marked fatigue and some weight loss with vomiting during the few days immediately preceding hospitalization. The history disclosed that the boy had had prolonged colds each winter accompanied by wheezing, and that for several years he had been intermittently exposed to chickens on a neighbor's farm. No history was obtained of
Use of Polyethyleneimine Coated Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> Nanoparticles as an Ion-Exchanger for Protein Separation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were coated with PEI and were found to have zeta potential of +18.4 mV. When used as anion exchanger for separation of lipases, a significant fraction of the enzyme could not be eluted. Shielding chromatography described in the literature outlines the use of polymers like PVP to cut down the binding of the proteins due to nonspecific interactions. Shielding by 2% PVP resulted in improvement of elution of the lipases with 1 M NaCl. To give a specific example, elution of Mucor miehei lipase increased from 56.8% to 68.3%. Similar results were observed with Candida rugosa lipase and green fluorescent protein. SDS-PAGE showed significant level of purification in all the cases. The results are promising towards the development of nanosized magnetic ion exchangers for bioseparation of proteins.
Masking period patterns in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Masking period patterns (MPPs), developed by Zwicker [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 166–175 (1976)] as a psychophysical correlate of the physiological period histogram, were obtained from four normal-hearing and four cochlear hearing-impaired subjects. The just audible level of a brief, relatively high-frequency, test tone was measured as a function of its temporal position within the period of a 40-Hz masker. Zwicker’s findings were replicated in normal listeners. At low masker levels a single maximum (Max 1) was observed between 0 and 90 deg of the masker period. At higher masker levels a second maximum (Max 2) developed between 180 and 270 deg. Zwicker’s model [Biol. Cyb. 23, 49–60 (1976)] suggests that Max 1 reflects level-independent suppression effects and Max 2 reflects some combination of level-dependent excitation and suppression effects, which is consistent with physiological biasing data. For impaired listeners, in regions of hearing loss, the degree of modulation in the MPP was reduced relative to that seen in normal-hearing listeners. The pattern of modulation was usually altered as well. These results are discussed in the context of outer hair cell damage at the place in the cochlea corresponding to the test tone frequency. [Supported by NIDCD.]
[Asymptomatic carotid lesions].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The appropriate management of cases of asymptomatic stenosis of the carotid artery is still very much a matter of controversy. There are those who decline intervention of any kind since they argue that patients exhibiting such a syndrome are particularly exposed to the general complications of atheroma, and essentially to myocardial infarction. At present, when additional tests are available which allow the severity of the stenosis to be assessed, this attitude does not seem logical since patients with a severe or very severe stenosis run a serious risk of TIA and CVA. This view emerges from a number of recent studies, some of which are prospective and confirm the gravity of the spontaneous progression of a severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Moreover, study of the statistics shows that, after intervention, mortality lies at about 1 percent with a morbidity of less than 3 percent. Thus, if it is out of the question to suggest prophylactic intervention for all patients exhibiting an asymptomatic stenosis of the carotid artery, such an intervention should be considered in the case of severe stenosis, equal to or higher than 70 percent.
Influence of a pilot carbon trading policy on enterprises’ low-carbon innovation in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

China’s pilot carbon trading policy is expected to be both efficient and flexible in reducing carbon emissions through incentivising low-carbon innovation. This paper analyses the effects of this pilot policy on low-carbon innovation using a difference-in-difference model, based on a sample of selected enterprises and carrying out a series of robustness tests to corroborate the results. The analysis shows that the pilot carbon trading policy is predicted to have a significantly positive effect on the low-carbon innovation of enterprises that fall under its scope, notably by alleviating obstacles to the financing of low-carbon innovation. Furthermore, a heterogeneity analysis of enterprises’ characteristics and carbon allowance allocation methods in different pilots indicates that the effect of the pilot carbon trading policy on enterprises’ low-carbon innovation will be reflected mainly in enterprises in China’s eastern provinces, and in state-owned enterprises. Compared with the grandfathering and historical intensity allocation methods, the findings of this study suggest that the extent of low-carbon innovation is significantly greater when the benchmarking method is used. The results of this paper offer some key insights into improving the policy design of a nationwide carbon trading market in China, as well as a reference point for other countries and regions, especially developing countries, in establishing a carbon trading market.Key policy insights China’s pilot carbon trading policy can promote low-carbon innovation.Easing the financing constraints of enterprises can promote low-carbon innovation.Compared with the grandfathering and historical intensity allocation methods, using the benchmarking method significantly improves the enterprises’ low-carbon innovation.
MINIMIZATION OF FURTHER LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE DISTILLATION 2‐THIOBARBITURIC ACID TEST OF FISH AND MEAT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effect of adding propyl gallate (PG) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the distillation 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test of fish and meat samples was determined with the purpose of minimizing further oxidation of lipids during the test. Also determined was the effect of chilled blending on TBA values. The addition of PG and EDTA to the distillation mixture substantially lowered TBA values of catfish samples, while it did not show any significant effect on beef, pork, and chicken samples. Chilled blending also was effective for fish samples, although less effective than adding PG and EDTA in distillation; it did not have perceptible effect on meat samples. The addition of PG and EDTA in the blending process (the initial Step of the test) was most effective for both fish and meat samples. The differences in the results between fish and meat samples have been discussed in terms of general differences in fatty acid composition of fish and meat. Finally, the addition of PG and EDTA in the blending process is recommended in the distillation TBA test of fish and meat, particularly of fish, to minimize further lipid oxidation occurring during the test.
LHD 2-O_RL01 #175943.37 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2-O port camera, where ROI is (938,702) - (994,778) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
A Hybrid Approach for Spatio-Temporal Validation of Declarative Multimedia Documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Declarative multimedia documents represent the description of multimedia applications in terms of media items and relationships among them. Relationships specify how media items are dynamically arranged in time and space during runtime. Although a declarative approach usually facilitates the authoring task, authors can still make mistakes due to incorrect use of language constructs or inconsistent or missing relationships in a document. In order to properly support multimedia application authoring, it is important to provide tools with validation capabilities. Document validation can indicate possible inconsistencies in a given document to an author so that it can be revised before deployment. Although very useful, multimedia validation tools are not often provided by authoring tools. This work proposes a multimedia validation approach that relies on a formal model called Simple Hypermedia Model ( SHM ). SHM is used for representing a document for the purpose of validation. An SHM document is validated using a hybrid approach based on two complementary techniques. The first one captures the document’s spatio-temporal layout in terms of its state throughout its execution by means of a rewrite theory, and validation is performed through model-checking . The second one captures the document’s layout in terms of intervals and event occurrences by means of Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) formulas, and validation is performed through SMT solving. Due to different characteristics of both approaches, each validation technique complements the other in terms of expressiveness of SHM and tests to be checked. We briefly present validation tools that use our approach. They were evaluated with real NCL documents and by usability tests.