jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EMC Filters Attenuation Measuring Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to present the attenuation measurement procedure mea- surement and laboratory stand for fllters used to interference suppression in power and telecom- munication lines. The procedure is based on the CISPR 17:2000 standard. The article describes the attenuation measurement system for fllter with impedance difierent then 50›. The article presents the measured attenuation characteristics of set of EMC fllters which are ofiered on the market. The calibration of measurement method is presented too.
Presentation of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience a variety of symptoms, based on their age, endocrinal and metabolic disturbances. The women seek medical help chiefly due to cosmetic or reproductive reasons. The study was undertaken to study the phenotypes and presentations of women with PCOS. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 women with PCOS fulfilling Rotterdam criteria. Detailed history pertaining to symptoms was taken. General physical examination and complete systemic examination was done. Body mass index [BMI] was calculated. Observations were recorded and inferences drawn. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. The commonest phenotype in the study was type D,most women were between 22-26 years age,66% of these were unmarried. The chief complaint which made the patient seek medical help was oligomenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism and acne. Since women are not aware of the syndrome and its long term effects – diabetes mellitus, hypertension, there is a need to sensitize women regarding their health, which will help them seek medical help sooner.
Mass Customization Information Systems in Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Mass customization is a business strategy that aims at satisfying an individual customer’s needs with near mass production efficiency. Mass Customization Information Systems in Business provides original and innovative research on IT systems for mass customization. It is a wide-ranging reference collection of chapters describing the solutions, tools, and concepts needed for successful realization of these systems. Mass customized markets, product modeling, and supply chain management are explored in precise detail. This Premier Reference Source provides a comprehensive investigation of the business processes required for manufacturing individualized products.
Mast Cells in Rupture-Prone Areas of Human Coronary Atheromas Produce and Store TNF-α

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Mast cells, a cell type involved in inflammatory reactions, are present in coronary atheromas and localize to the erosion or rupture site of atheromas in myocardial infarction. Here we report the presence of TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, in mast cells of human coronary atheromas. Methods and Results From samples of 37 coronary arteries from subjects autopsied for medicolegal reasons, sections of the bifurcation area of the left coronary artery were stained immunohistochemically for mast cells and TNF-α. In addition, macrophages, T lymphocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells were investigated for their content of TNF-α. In normal intimas and fatty streaks, none of the cell types studied were TNF-α–positive. In 14 of the 24 atheromas found, TNF-α–positive cells were present. Of the total number of mast cells, 23% stained for TNF-α; of the macrophages, 1.3%; and of the smooth muscle cells, 0.4%. The majority (55%) of TNF-α–positive mast cells in the atheromas were located in the shoulder region and the remaining 35% in the cap and 10% in the core regions. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the TNF-α in mast cells resided within their cytoplasmic secretory granules, demonstrating that these cells contain stores of TNF-α that will be released on degranulation. Conclusions This study demonstrates the presence of mast cells with TNF-α–containing secretory granules, particularly in the shoulder region of human coronary atheromas. By releasing their TNF-α, mast cells may play an active role in the inflammatory reactions of these rupture-prone areas of atheromas.
Design of a pulse amplitude modulation-based communication system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presented aims to introduce readers to communication systems that utilize pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) as a means of transmitting data. PAM is a form of modulation that involves varying the amplitude of a series of pulses to represent the information being transmitted. The paper provides a detailed analysis and comparison of various PAM-based communication systems, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The main objective of the paper is to offer insights into the design of PAM-based communication systems. By thoroughly examining the different PAM-based communication systems, the authors aim to provide readers with a general understanding of the key considerations involved in designing such systems. The paper concludes with a summary of the main findings and offers some general guidelines that can be applied when designing PAM-based communication systems. Overall, the paper offers a valuable contribution to the field of communication systems, particularly for those looking to design systems that use PAM as their modulation scheme. The insights and guidelines provided in the paper are of reference significance and can be used to inform the design of future PAM-based communication systems.
Care and management actions developed in the Supervised Curricular Internship: perceptions by involved actors

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the Supervised Curricular Internship of the Nursing undergraduate course of two higher education institutions in the state of São Paulo based on specific skills described in the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines regarding preparation to the development of nursing care and management actions from the perceptions of professors, undergraduate students, and alumni. Method: Descriptive study in which a questionnaire was applied to 59 undergraduate students, 111 alumni, and 27 professors of a Nursing undergraduate course involved in the Supervised Curricular Internship in the analyzed institutions. Results: The perceptions of the actors involved in the development of management and care actions were positive, although part of the alumni pointed out that the Supervised Curricular Internship does not allow the students to: develop all the activities performed by the nursing team; work towards comprehensive health care; professional technical confidence; and interfere with the work dynamics. Conclusion: In the perception of those involved, the Supervised Curricular Internship is seen as positive and important in the training of students, as it introduces students into the professional reality of nurses. However, this discipline still needs structural changes, particularly in the perception of the alumni.
Compost Addition Attenuates the Negative Impacts of High Soil Mineral Nitrogen Levels on Rhizosphere Microbial Characteristics and Enhances Cucumber Growth in Monoculture Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Due to the increase in the human population, it is necessary to seek efficient methods of increasing crop productivity and, simultaneously, sustaining the soil. One way is to grow high demand crops continuously without rotating with other crops. This practice is often accompanied by increased rates of fertilizer application that can affect efficient nitrogen (N) cycling in the plant rhizosphere soil which, in turn, affects both plant growth and environmental pollution. In the present study, twelve various cucumber soils were selected from monoculture systems presenting different cropping years and divided into two groups including soils with relatively high mineral N (HMN) content (N > 100 mg kg−1 soil) and those with a lower mineral N (LMN) content (N < 100 mg kg−1 soil). All soils were amended with the addition of compost alone or in combination with bacterial inoculation to evaluate their effects on plant growth, microbial numbers, N mineralization, and N cycling genes. In general, the HMN soils increased (p < 0.05) net N mineralization (NNM) but did not statistically (p > 0.05) affect plant biomass compared to the LMN soils; however, compost addition increased both NNM and plant biomass in the HMN soils. In addition, the HMN soils had higher fungal pathogen numbers (FPNs) but lower total microbial biomass (TMB) and bacterial numbers (BNs) compared to the LMN soils; however, compost addition decreased FPNs but increased TMB and BNs in the HMN soils (all p < 0.05). Plant biomass was positively related to TMB, BN and NNM but was negatively related to FPN (all p < 0.05). In summary, compost addition reduced the high mineral N levels’ adverse effects on the rhizosphere soil and plant growth.
LEXICAL DENSITY AND GRAMMATICAL INTRICACYOF READING MATERIALS TO THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study deals with lexical density and grammatical intricacy of English reading texts in the textbook for the first grade of senior high school to measure the difficulty of the text. The objectives of the study are to find out the lexical density and grammatical intricacy which formed in the reading texts of English Alive textbook and type of genre which has the highest both of lexical density and grammatical intricacy. This study was conducted by descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data of this research were the English reading texts of English Alive textbook for senior high school grade tenth published by Yudhistira. The result of the analysis showed that: (1). lexical density is formed by unification of both lexical item and grammatical item which measured to find out the proportion of information in a text while grammatical intricacy is formed by unification of both simple clauses and complex clauses in a text which measured to find out how intricate the text is. (2). lexical density influences the difficulty of reading texts if it has higher proportion of lexical items than grammatical items, While grammatical intricacy also influences the difficulty of reading texts if it has higher proportion of complex clauses in comparison with simple clauses. In this case the result of this study shows that both LD and GI has high proportion which means that the texts are difficult to understand by the students. It is suggested that further textbook writers to concern with the lexical density and grammatical intricacy of the reading texts so that the textbook can be used and understood by the students
ADAM SMITH ON PUBLIC PROVISION OF EDUCATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Most Adam Smith scholars hold that Smith endorsed public provision of education to offset deleterious consequences arising from the division of labor. Smith’s putative endorsement of publicly funded education is taken by some scholars as evidence that Smith tends more toward progressive than classical liberalism, or that this is a departure from, perhaps an inconsistency with, Smith’s otherwise strong presumption against government intervention in markets. This paper argues that these interpretations are flawed because Smith ultimately does not advocate public provision of education. He raises the idea and explores its potential benefits, but he ultimately does not endorse it. Smith also provides reason to be skeptical of public provision of education, which suggests that his final position may have inclined against it.
Australia's search for security: nuclear umbrella, armament, or abolition?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most analysts surmise that Australia abstained from building the bomb because of, in T. V. Paul's words, “the low-conflict environment and the lack of credible security threats from Asia.” But, in fact, the story of Australia's nuclear stance is far more complicated than the country's basic material position would suggest. Far from lolling about “on the beach,” the long succession of Liberal Party governments during the first quarter-century of the Cold War invested Australia heavily in the Free World's nuclear deterrence plans against the Communist threat. They eagerly offered their territory to host British nuclear weapons tests and important pieces of the worldwide American nuclear deterrence system. At the same time, they purchased nuclear-capable aircraft and actively sought “key to the cupboard” nuclear transfer arrangements with their British and American protectors. And in the late 1960s, a Liberal prime minister even tried to foment an Australian nuclear weapons program. It was only in 1972 – in a context of objectively greater strategic uncertainty than had existed a decade earlier – that Australia finally became satisfied with its strategic situation and developed a broader diplomatic agenda in support of international efforts to rein in the global nuclear arms race.
Self-Distilled Masked Auto-Encoders are Efficient Video Anomaly Detectors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose an efficient abnormal event detection model based on a lightweight masked auto-encoder (AE) applied at the video frame level. The novelty of the proposed model is threefold. First, we introduce an approach to weight tokens based on motion gradients, thus shifting the focus from the static background scene to the foreground objects. Second, we integrate a teacher decoder and a student decoder into our architecture, leveraging the discrepancy between the outputs given by the two decoders to improve anomaly detection. Third, we generate synthetic abnormal events to augment the training videos, and task the masked AE model to jointly reconstruct the original frames (without anomalies) and the corresponding pixel-level anomaly maps. Our design leads to an efficient and effective model, as demonstrated by the extensive experiments carried out on four benchmarks: Avenue, ShanghaiTech, UBnormal and UCSD Ped2. The empirical results show that our model achieves an excellent trade-off between speed and accuracy, obtaining competitive AUC scores, while processing 1655 FPS. Hence, our model is between 8 and 70 times faster than competing methods. We also conduct an ablation study to justify our design. Our code is freely available at: https://github.com/ristea/aed-mae.
Physician found guilty of injecting ex-lover with HIV.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr. [name removed] was found guilty in Louisiana of trying to kill a former girlfriend by injecting her with blood taken from an AIDS patient. [Name removed] [name removed] said that she had broken off a long-term relationship with the doctor, and later he gave her an injection that she thought was a vitamin injection. Afterwards, she developed unusual symptoms and 5 months later, tested positive for HIV. DNA analysis was used to show that the DNA sequences from [name removed] and from [name removed]'s patient were related. The DNA sequences were not exact matches because HIV can replicate and mutate millions of times a day. The State Court of Appeals rejected [name removed]'s attempt to exclude DNA evidence from the trial.
The effect of Sn impurity on the optical and structural properties of thin silicon films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of tin impurity on the structure and optical properties of thin-film amorphous silicon is investigated. It is established that tin impurity accelerates crystallization of amorphous silicon. Immediately after deposition of a film onto a substrate at a temperature of ∼300°C, there is a crystalline phase of silicon in samples with tin. High-vacuum annealing at 350–750°C leads to growth of the crystalline phase in films with tin: nanocrystals grow in size from ∼3.0 to 4.5 nm. At the same time, in films without tin, only the degree of the short-range order increases. Silicon film without tin remains amorphous over the entire range of annealing temperatures.
Governance arrangements, power differentials, and sustainability in the Honduran palm oil industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There seem to be conflicting narratives surrounding issues of governance, livelihoods, and economic development policies pertaining to palm oil production. The implications of pushing economic and trade policies to help the sector grow usually come at the expense of social and environmental impacts. Palm oil production in Honduras illustrates this point, where economic development policies have had unforeseen consequences. Since the early 2000s, the Honduran government has promoted the palm oil sector by changing the regulatory framework in favour of corporate development through land expansion and increased production, arguing for the beneficial development of "green energy" and a green industry around it. The long-term consequences that have resulted have not been environmentally or socially favourable. The power differentials arising from the governance structure of value chains have led to issues of trust among different actors. The results of the research give evidence of a sector that has been heavily promoted through targeted economic development policies and is indeed generating export revenues and economic growth, but at the same time faces challenges arising from social and environmental impacts that threaten the livelihoods of small-scale producers.
Resilience and Resistance of Vegetation in Response to Droughts in a Subtropical Humid Region Dominated by Karst

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The resilience and resistance of vegetation are important indicators of the vegetation’s response to droughts. Owing to the uniqueness of the environment in humid karst areas, results from studies on other climatic zones may not necessarily present the status of vegetation resilience and resistance in humid karst areas. Herein, We calculated vegetation resilience and resistance by autoregressive modeling using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA), temperature (TA), precipitation (PRE) data, An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then conducted to compare the differences in resilience and resistance of different vegetation types in the study area, as well as the differences in resilience and resistance of vegetation in different sub-geomorphic zones. Finally, natural factors affecting vegetation resilience and resistance were quantified using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrate the following points. First, vegetation resilience, total-water-storage anomaly resistance, and vegetation resistance against precipitation anomalies were lower in karst areas of the study area than in non-karst areas of the study area (except for vegetation resistance against temperature anomalies). Second, vegetation resilience was the lowest in some sub-geomorphic zones within karst areas, and it was still comparable to that in semiarid areas. Third, precipitation and temperature were important factors that affected the resilience and resistance of vegetation in karst areas, and the geochemical indicators (CaO, MgO, and SiO2) of soil parent material were major factors that affected the resistance and resilience of vegetation in non-karst areas. In summary, this study was undertaken to reveal the natural characteristics of vegetation resilience and resistance in humid karst regions. Our findings complement and expand the existing body of knowledge on vegetation resilience and resistance in other ecologically fragile zones limited by moisture.
Paternal Leave Practices Among a Representative Sample of Recent Fathers in Georgia: 2018–2019

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess paternal leave from work practices using a state-based representative sample of fathers with new infants. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for Dads, a population-based, cross-sectional study that surveyed fathers in Georgia 2 to 6 months after their infant’s birth October 2018 through July 2019. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with taking workplace leave. RESULTS Among 261 respondents, 240 (92%) were employed while their infants’ mother was pregnant. Of employed fathers, 73% reported taking any leave (paid or unpaid). Among fathers taking leave, 53% reported at least some paid leave. Overall, 64% reported taking &lt;2 weeks of leave or no leave and 36% reported taking ≥2 weeks of leave. Fathers taking ≥2 weeks of leave had a higher prevalence of reporting any paid leave compared with those taking &lt;2 weeks of leave or no leave (92% vs 31%; P &lt; .001). Multivariable analyses revealed college-educated fathers were nearly twice as likely to report taking ≥2 weeks of leave compared with those with less education. Among employed fathers reporting taking any leave, factors influencing leave include wanting more leave but being unable to take time off (43%), experiencing financial barriers to taking leave (27%), and having too much work (24%). Factors influencing leave differed by any paid leave vs unpaid leave only. CONCLUSIONS Despite known benefits of paternity leave, only 75% of fathers took leave, with most taking &lt;2 weeks. Addressing factors influencing leave-taking, including availability of paid leave, may help support parents with new infants.
In situ detection of enterocytic apoptosis in normal colonic mucosa and in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Physiological regeneration of colonic epithelium entails proliferation at the crypt base and cell loss by shedding or cell death. The aim of this study was to localise and assess the rate of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic colonic epithelium with respect to zones of proliferation. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) was chosen as a model to study neoplastic transformation of colonic mucosa at an early stage. Apoptotic cells were detected in situ by TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) in parallel to cells in cycle determined by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody MiB-1. By detection of genomic fragmentation, two different patterns of enterocytic apoptosis emerged: (a) apoptotic bodies being engulfed by adjacent epithelial cells, and (b) apoptotic cells with only subtle morphological changes being extruded into the gut lumen. The engulfment pattern was seen predominantly in the crypts of the normal colonic mucosa and, although very rare, was clearly confined to the basal proliferation compartment. The extrusion pattern was restricted to the luminal mucosal surface. Adenomas of FAP showed highly increased numbers of apoptotic bodies, which were scattered throughout the transformed mucosa. Both patterns of apoptosis were topographically intermingled although the extrusion pattern prevailed at the luminal adenoma surfaces. Whereas cells in cycle were somewhat more numerous in the upper parts of the crypts, apoptosis occurred with increased frequency at sites beneath the proliferation maximum suggesting an inverted direction of epithelial cell migration in adenomas. These results suggest two distinct routes towards enterocytic apoptosis in the colonic mucosa leading to engulfment or extrusion of dying cells. Adenomatous transformation of colon epithelium is associated with a considerable increase of the cellular turnover rate and with a severe disturbance of the microtopographical localisation of birth and death of enterocytes.