jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phase Risk Analysis of Overhead Lines Under Complex Icing Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Phase-to-ground discharge of transmission lines due to ice cover is a common issue. To assess the risk of phase-to-ground discharge of overhead lines under complex ice-covering conditions, this study used finite element analysis to model the interaction between ground wire, conductor, and insulator. The study examined how different factors affect the minimum safe distance between the conductor and ground wire, as well as the risk coefficient of phase-to-ground discharge and the risk zone. The finding reveals that as icing thickness increases, conductor bouncing intensifies, reducing the phase-to-ground distance, and placing one half of the line span within the risk zone for the given conditions. For the same length of de-icing, the closer the de-icing region is to the midpoint, the greater is the maximum jump height of the conductor. When the span is extended to 600 m, the risk range covers approximately 70% of the total line length. Under strong winds, conductor lateral displacement increases with wind speed, which leads to a higher risk of discharge.
Keqinzhangia Aquatica Gen. et sp. nov. And Pseudocoronospora Hainanense gen. et sp. nov., Isolated From Freshwater In Southern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract During the investigation of the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, two interesting isolates were collected. Then, the two isolates were cultured and sequenced, and a BLAST search of its LSU sequences against data in GenBank revealed that the closest related taxa in the genus Microthyrium . Phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined sequence data from the small and large nuclear subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU), revealed that our isolates belong to the Microthyriaceae. Combined morphological characters, we finally described our isolates as two new genera and species in Microthyriaceae, named as: Keqinzhangia aquatica and Pseudocoronospora hainanense . The full descriptions, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of the two new genera were provided in this paper.
Plug and Abandonment Challenges in Tectonically Active California

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract California's oil and gas industry exists in a geologically complicated and seismically active region. Southern and Central California are subjected to substantial stresses imposed by tectonic forces. Seismic events due to these forces can cause adverse effects on subsurface wells, including casing distortion and cement failure of the wellbore. Given the history of the California oil and gas industry, the number of poorly abandoned, idle, and orphaned wells that need attention is huge. It is clear that well abandonment is an issue that needs genuine attention, and it must be addressed for the protection of the environment. This paper combines examples from the cementing literature, regulatory frameworks, and case histories to focus on the insights gained from the damages caused to the wellbore and infrastructure. It also discusses the role of advanced materials, like ductile cement for squeeze cementing, in safeguarding the integrity of the abandoned wells. It also calls for cooperation with regulatory agencies to adopt policies to help promote monitoring of well damage after major earthquakes. Earthquakes like the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake and the 1983 Coalinga Earthquake demonstrate the potential impact of seismic activities on oilfield infrastructure. These seismic events can potentially lead to compromised wellbore integrity, creating long-term challenges for plug and abandonment operations. By examining selected historical cases, this paper seeks to offer some solutions for such wells and discuss the technologies that can help with the solutions. We conducted a detailed review of articles, research papers, reports, and case studies to analyze the challenges associated with well abandonment in regions susceptible to earthquakes.
To Measure What Isn’t There — Visual Exploration of Missingness Structures Using Quality Metrics: supplemental material

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supplemental material for: Johansson Fernstad, S., Alsufyani, S., Del-Din, S., Yarnall, A., & Rochester, L. (2025). "To Measure What Isn’t There — Visual Exploration of Missingness Structures Using Quality Metrics". Under review.
Collection includes three datasets with synthetically generated structural missingness, and a document containing larger versions of figures in the main manuscript.
You’re the New Principal? Considering First Steps Toward Improvement at Sparrow Middle School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the contemporary context, demands for rapid school turnaround meet the reality of increased principal turnover. Therefore, it is crucial to help aspiring school leaders hone their problem-solving skills. This case provides readers with an opportunity to diagnose issues of concern at a struggling school, and then prescribe several initial strategies for improvement. To accentuate the personal relevance of the exercise, the authors employ second person narrative voice. The case has been revised and enhanced during its use over the past several years in principal preparation programs, including a federal-grant-funded initiative to train aspiring leaders of high-need, low-performing schools. The teaching notes provide guidance on how educational leadership instructors might use the case within their own courses.
The Evolution of Women’s (and Men’s) Partisan Attachments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines how women’s and men’s attachments with the two major political parties in the United States have evolved since the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. The chapter contends that over time gender has become increasingly important in influencing both men’s and women’s partisan attachments. Along with identifying the similarities and differences between men and women in partisan attachments, this chapter examines the unity and disunity of women’s partisan attachments, drawing on historical analyses to understand men’s and women’s partisanship attachments immediately after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment when systematic quantitative data are unavailable. The text then explores the partisan attachments of men and women between 1950 and 2012 using an extensive collection of Gallup surveys from this time period. Differences based on generation, education, race, and region are also examined.
Justification of Tool Life and Strength of Cutters when Turning Grooves in Workpieces Made of Structural Steel with Increased Hardness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Machine-building parts can have cylindrical and end grooves, for the machining of which compound and assembled cutters with different geometrical parameters and design features are used. These parts are made of structural steels, including hardened steels, corrosion-resistant steels and alloys, and other tough materials. Improving the efficiency of hard-alloy grooving cutters is an important research and technological challenge. This article presents the results of research concerning the development of methods for calculating forces and temperatures in the cutting area, wear rates and tool life for turning grooves in workpieces of various structural steels, including steels with increased hardness. A test strength calculation of the cutting wedge is conducted and an analysis of the influence of the operating and geometric parameters of the tool on the safety factors on the front and rear surfaces of the tool is performed. Based on the results of the strength and durability analysis, the choice of the hard alloy grade and the limiting values of the cutting speed and the cut layer thickness are validated. The developed recommendations concerning geometrical parameters of the cutting wedge and strength characteristics of the tool material can serve as the basis for designing assembled groove cutters equipped with interchangeable multi-faceted plates.
The gravity signal of Mercury's inner core

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]The gravity signal of Mercury's inner coreAuthorsMathieuDumberryiDSee all authors Mathieu DumberryiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorUniversity of AlbertaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-1582view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Regulatory effects of zinc on corn root plasma membrane H+‐ATPase

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

summary Effects of divalent metal ions (Zn, Mg, Mn), metal‐ATP complexes, and pH on the activity of the plasma membrane H + ‐ATPase were investigated. Both native vesicles, isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and solubilized H + ‐ATPase, purified by linear glycerol gradient centrifugation were used. Zn, as well as Mg and Mn, stimulates the activity of H + ‐ATPase. Computer calculations of equilibrium concentrations have been used to separate the effects of individual ion complexes and free ionic forms on the enzyme activity. The calculations indicated that Zn as ZnATP + serves as a substrate of the plasma membrane H + ‐ATPase. The possibility of serving as substrate depends on the Zn/ATP ratio and the pH of the medium. The native H + ‐ATPase was activated by divalent metal ions in the order of Mg > Mn > Zn at pH 6.5 and in the order of Zn > Mn > Mg at pH 5.5 for total metal ion concentrations not higher than 3.0 mM. A Zn: ATP ratio of 0.6 at pH 5.5 gave more than 100% of the Mg‐dependent ATPase activity (Mg: ATP ratio of 1, pH 5.5). By contrast, free Zn 2+ is an effective inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis and H + transport with a strong dependence upon the pH of the medium. At pH 55 a total ZnSO 4 concentration of 1 mM induced no inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, whereas at pH 6.5 the same Zn concentration decreased the activity of the native and purified H + ‐ATPase to 49% and 34% (control activity: Mg: ATP ratio of 1, no ZnSO 4 ), respectively. We show that both activation by ZnATP 2− and inhibition by free Zn 2+ of the native plasma membrane H + ‐ATPase and the partially purified enzyme were strongly affected by the pH of the medium. The results provide evidence that Zn, in combination with the pH of the cytoplasm could play a role in regulating the plasma membrane H + ‐ATPase and thus in nutrient uptake of plant systems.
Lysosomal neuraminidase : a unique member of the sialidase superfamily

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lysosomal neuraminidase initiates the hydrolysis of oligosaccharldes, gangliosides,\nglycolipids and glycoprotelns by removing their terminal sialic acid residues. The\nenzyme functions exclusively In a multi-enzyme complex, together with flgalactosidase\nand protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) and Is dependent for Its\nactivity and stability on the latter protein. Mutations In the neuraminidase gene are\nthe basis for the lysosomal storage disorder sialidosls, while mutations In the PPCA\ngene Indirectly results In the Impairment of neuraminidase and p·galactosidase\nactivity, causing the lysosomal storage disorder galactoslalldosls. The experimental\nwork that is described in this thesis involves the Isolation and characterization of the\ncDNA's encoding human and mouse lysosomal neuraminidase. Structural and\nfunctional analysis of this enzyme has focused on the Interaction with PPCA in\nrelation to Its transport to the Iysosomes and the mechanism of catalytic activation.\nThese studies, In combination with the Identification and functional analysis of a\nlarge number of novel mutations In slalidosls patients, have given new Insights Into\nthe biochemical functions and properties of neuraminidase and provided reliable\nphenotype-genotype correlations. The results presented In this thesis may form the\nbasis for understanding the structural characteristics of this unusual lysosomal\nprotein and for the future development of strategies for therapy of both slalldosis\nand galactoslalldosis patients.
La salvaguardia del paesaggio delle certose

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The European Landscape Convention lies on a series of guidelines aimed at the conservation of the landscape in its natural and human features. It is interesting to analyse how the Convention is applied in the case of the chartreuses , cloistered monasteries closely connected with the surrounding territories. Nowadays, it is possible to find a few examples of safeguarding actions which privilege religious architecture despite the land patrimony. In other cases, however, such actions are aimed at promoting the heritage of the Carthusian complexes overall, in order to provide a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of historical sites.
Thoracic Ultrasound for Acute Dyspnea in Interstitial Lung Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) can be used at follow-up for patients with stable interstitial lung disease (ILD). LUS could also help guide the diagnosis of etiology for acute respiratory episodes. Methods: We conducted a prospective, one-center, observational study including patients with ILD hospitalized in the pulmonology unit or in the intensive care unit of the Tours University Hospital for acute dyspnea. LUS was performed at admission and then at a follow-up visit in the six months following discharge. We compared the number of B-lines between the two LUSs. We also compared the features of the first LUS between the different etiologies responsible for increased dyspnea. Results: Of 24 patients, 16 had acute ILD exacerbation (67%), 6 had pulmonary infections (25%) and 2 had acute heart failure (8%). LUS was feasible in all patients and always showed lung sliding, pleural irregularities and B-lines. There were pleural effusions in four cases (17%) and pulmonary consolidations in two cases (8%). Seven patients had A-lines in at least one thoracic space on the initial LUS. We found a significant decrease in the number of B-lines at follow-up (76; IQR, [59–86.75]) compared to admission (86.5; IQR, [71.5–94.5]) (p-value = 0.02). There was a trend of more A-lines in patients with infection (1 [0.25–1.75]) compared to AE-ILD (0 [0–0]). Conclusions: Following an episode of acute dyspnea in patients with ILD, LUS shows a decrease in the number of B-lines. Patients with ILD and concurrent pulmonary infection may have more A-lines than patients with AE-ILD.
The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in arable soils is a challenging goal. We focused on the effect of crop rotation and previous land use for future carbon sequestration on two experimental fields on Retisols with four contrasting fertilization treatments each. We analyzed the SOC dynamics and used the RothC model to forecast the SOC. We found a consistent increase in SOC stocks and stable fractions of the soil organic matter (SOM) with C accumulation in the next 70 years compared to the 90-year experimental period, more evident under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) compared with the RCP8.5 scenario. The expected increase in SOC will be higher in the crop rotation with a grass field than in the experiment with an alternation of row crops and cereals. The efficiency depended on stable SOM fractions, and fields with more extended cultivation history showed higher SOM stability. Proper crop rotations are more important for SOC stability than the uncertainty associated with the climate change scenarios that allows timely adaptation. The goal of a 4‰ annual increase of SOC stocks may be reached under rotation with grasses in 2020–40 and 2080–90 when applying a mineral or organic fertilizer system for scenario RCP4.5 and a mineral fertilizer system in 2080–2090 for scenario RCP8.5.
Aerodynamic Exergy-Based Analysis and Optimization of the Generic Hypersonic Vehicle Using FUN3D

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of future novel aircraft concepts requires a holistic approach to vehicle design, analysis, and optimization. Aircraft designers can no longer consider components individually as systems become more interconnected and multidisciplinary. Hence, a new approach to aircraft design and a new way to measure the performance of aircraft are needed. A novel approach to aircraft design is the use of exergy methods that can evaluate typically disparate systems using a universal measure of performance mapped to global system performance. This paper introduces a new functional and its adjoint gradient in FUN3D to determine aerodynamic exergy destruction rates. The functional is verified using the Oswatitsch relationship by comparing it to native, surface-based drag coefficients. The adjoint gradient is verified using the FUN3D native complex step method, and discrete agreement is demonstrated for flowfields and geometric derivatives. The new functional is then used for aerodynamic exergy-based analysis and optimization of the generic hypersonic vehicle. An inverse design problem is conducted first to verify the design optimization framework. Finally, a planform and airfoil aerodynamic inviscid exergy optimization of the GHV is conducted, improving exergy destruction rates by 7.1% while making substantial improvements to the cruise trim characteristics of the vehicle.
Evaluation of genetic diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Wollo high land areas using agro-morphological traits and hordein

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing at Wollo Highland areas by using hordein and agro-morphological traits. Twenty (20) varieties were laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications; they were planted by irrigation at Wollo University, Dessie Campus from January to May 2014. The genetic analysis using hordein was done in the laboratory of Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) in July 2014. Ten (10) competitive random plants from the rows of the experimental plots were taken for recording their agro-morphological characters. Electrophoretic separation of barley storage proteins or hordeins was done using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). The traits: day of heading, day of maturity, grain yield (kg/ha), plant height, spike length, number of spiklet per spike, kernel number per spike, weight of seed per spike and biomass yield (g/plot) were highly significant for the diversity of barely, whereas thousand seed weight was less significant. The results reveal positive correlation between spike length and number of spiklet per spike (the highest correlations from the agro morphological traits); the next highly correlated traits were kernel weight per spike and thousand seed weight. The A-PAGE analysis showed limited variation among the analysed accessions. The Nei’s genetic distance for all varieties of barely varied from 0.0000 to 1.6094. It is found that the 20 genotypes of barely investigated in this research were having a gene diversity (h) of overall populations (0.138) using hordein. The cluster analysis grouped the 20 barely genotypes into three different clusters using agro-morphological traits and into four clusters using hordein. This indicates the presence of wide diversity among the tested genotypes. From cluster mean values of agro-morphological traits, genotypes in cluster III deserve consideration for directly developing high yielding barely varieties. The result of the principal components analysis revealed that the first three principal components having greater than 1 eigenvalue contributed 84.22% of the total variation. From this study, it can be concluded that the presence of high morphological variation indicated the potential of Wollo Highland areas in contributing to barley improvement and conservation activities of land areas.

Key words: Acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, agro-morphological traits, hordein, genetic distance, hordeum vulgare, variability.
Controlling Lattice Defects and Inter-Exciton Interactions in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Efficient Light Emission

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) have attracted tremendous attention as two-dimensional (2D) light-emitting semiconductors because the optical properties of 1L-TMDs are primarily determined by excitonic transitions, providing an ideal platform for the study or practical uses of 2D confined exciton systems. While pristine 1L-TMDs experience a low quantum yield (QY) due to the high density of lattice defects, significant advances have been made for increasing the QY based on various experimental approaches and theoretical understanding of modulating defect states of 1L-TMDs. Under the high exciton density condition, the strong interexciton interaction observed in 1L-TMDs was determined to be the primary limiting factor of QY. Here, we outline recent discoveries and efforts to overcome the lattice defects and exciton–exciton annihilation with the aim of improving the efficiency of light emission of 1L-TMDs. Along with perspectives on future research to realize the defect-free and highly luminescent TMDs, we propose a simple scheme of suppressing the EEA effect to maintain the QY of 1L-TMDs in high exciton densities.
Pathological gambling in a patient on piribedil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Rationale: Piribedil is an orally active dopamine agonist that has been widely used for Parkinson disease (PD), with its partial D2/D3 agonistic functions and alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonistic effects, piribedil has been proved to be efficacious in the relief of motor symptoms in PD, while it can also lead to impulse control disorders such as pathological gambling due to its dopamine agonistic effects. Patient concerns: A 28-year-old Chinese female patient with Parkinson disease and a history of taking piribedil finally developed pathological gambling and depressive episode. Diagnoses: After a careful clinical observation and evaluation, the patient met the criteria of severe depressive episode and pathological gambling due to antiparkinson therapy. Interventions: We discontinued piribedil and picked bupropion, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, to alleviate the depressive symptom. Benzhexol and selegiline were also added for the control of motor fluctuations. Outcomes: After 3 weeks’ treatment, the patient's depressive mood was significantly alleviated and her recurring PD symptoms were also relieved. She was no more addicted to network gambling, and there was no recurrence during the 1-year follow-up. Lessons: Piribedil-induced problem gambling and impulse control disorders are side effects needed to be evaluated when commencing a patient on piribedil. This case further emphasizes the importance of monitoring and controlling Parkinson symptoms after drug reduction or withdrawal. Anticipation of this risk strengthens the significance of detailed medical history-taking and targeted clinical management.