jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Higher-Level Language Strategy-Based Intervention for Poor Comprehenders: A pilot single case experimental design

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In contrast to the large body of research investigating intervention for poor decoding skills, far fewer studies have evaluated interventions for reading comprehension. There is even less research on children with more specific difficulties with reading comprehension, often referred to as “poor comprehenders”. Levels of effectiveness have varied for interventions targeting lower- and higher-level language, including inference making, on trained measures, with little transfer to generalised reading comprehension measures in both skilled and less-skilled readers. Outcomes have been more positive for poor comprehenders, however findings have been inconsistent as to which programme components have led to gains in reading comprehension. This pilot study utilised a case series design to explore whether a novel intervention targeting oral inference making and comprehension monitoring was effective in improving the targeted skills and reading comprehension of 11 children, aged 9;2–12;3 years, with average-for-age phonological and lower-level language skills but weak inferencing. All participants improved on the primary inference subtest post-intervention and continued to score higher at maintenance than at pre-intervention. Results on the remaining higher-level language tasks were more varied, as were the results for reading comprehension, with fewer participants demonstrating generalisation to these tasks, particularly the nonfiction texts. While the results are preliminary and descriptive, they suggest that improvements can be made in higher-level language in a 10-session intervention, and provide directions for future research.
AP1000™ Breaking the Dependence on Site Characteristics: Electrical Grid and Cooling Water

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The AP1000™ has been developed to use passive safety systems to address design basis and beyond design basis accidents to minimize impact on calculated plant Core Damage Frequency (CDF) and Large Release Frequency (LRF). Passive safety cases are supplemented with accident mitigation strategy using highly reliable non-safety grade systems. AP1000™ non-safety systems that resemble the safety systems of conventional plants are designed to mitigate accidents, when available. In addition, a number of mitigation schemes make use of non-safety systems together with select passive system features. This design approach has resulted in a small dependence on site characteristics and has minimized their contribution to CDF and LRF. Conventional nuclear power plants are designed to use motor driven safety grade equipment to address design basis accidents. Safety grade diesel generators are used to provide power to safety grade equipment in the event of a loss of offsite power. The contribution to CDF and LRF from Loss of Offsite Power (LOSP) or loss of cooling water events is significantly lower for the AP1000™ than that for conventional plants. The AP1000™ uses passive safety systems in conjunction with non-safety systems to reduce plant CDF and LRF sensitivity to site specific characteristics. Non-safety systems used for accident mitigation make use of high grade commercial components and are provided power from non-safety grade diesel generators upon LOSP. These components are well maintained to increase system reliability and to increase availability for accident mitigation. The effect of the non-safety systems is further enhanced by partial use of features of the passive safety systems for accident mitigation. In this way, events with initiating event frequencies often driven by site characteristics are mitigated with small contribution to CDF or LRF, often without the need to activate any, or some of the passive plant features.
Additional file 1 of Immunogram defines four cancer-immunity cycle phenotypes with distinct clonal selection patterns across solid tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of immunogram subtype for each analyzed tumor in TCGA cohort. Related to Fig. 1. Table S2. Summary of clinical information for each analyzed tumor in TCGA cohort. Related to Fig. 1. Table S3. Summary of clinical information and immunogram subtype for each analyzed tumor in IMvigor210 cohort. Related to Fig. 6. Table S4. Summary of clinical information and immunogram subtype for each analyzed tumor in metastatic gastric cancer cohort. Related to Figure S7. Table S5. Summary of clinical information and immunogram subtype for each analyzed tumor in LIRI-JP cohort. Related to Additional file 2: Fig S1 Table S5 Summary of clinical information andimmunogram subtype for each analyzed tumor in metastatic gastric cancer cohort. Related to Additional file 9: Fig. S8.
Evaluation of turbulence models for incompressible flow in a venturi tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Turbulence models are semi-empirical transport equations that model flow behavior. They are compared on a recurring basis to know which of them presents the best fit with experimental data for different laboratory equipment. In the present work, the incompressible flow field (water) is simulated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool and RANS model for the geometry of a Venturi tube in 2D computational domains, with the objective of evaluating six turbulence models: standard k-e, RNG k-e, standard k-o, SST k-o, RSM and SA. The numerical results of the trajectories of the pressure pattern curves at the walls and axial symmetry are close to each other. Pressure drops occur at the throat. The percentage errors of the turbulence models increase as the magnitude of the pressure ratio increases, for r p =1.0932, r p =1.1118, r p =1.1377, and r p =1.1531. It is concluded that the SA turbulence model of Spalart-Allmaras (1992) best fits the experimental pressure data, with percentage errors of less than 10%.
Large-Sized Nickel–Cobalt–Manganese Composite Oxide Agglomerate Anode Material for Long-Life-Span Lithium-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density and longer lifespan have become an urgent goal in the current energy storage market. The metal-oxide-based anodes have become a hot research material due to their higher specific capacity compared with commercial graphite. In this work, large-sized nickel–cobalt–manganese ternary composite oxide agglomerate microspheres are prepared by a two-step synthesis method of hydroxide coprecipitation and high-temperature annealing. A larger particle size reduces the specific surface area of the material, resulting in fewer undesirable interfacial side reactions. The nickel–cobalt–manganese composite oxide combines its triple advantages of high capacity, high conductivity, and high stability. The simple coprecipitation and high-temperature annealing methods are convenient for large-scale industrial applications. The obtained Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2Ox composite oxide material exhibits a high lithium storage capacity of 782 mAh g–1 at 0.2 A g–1 and still maintains a specific capacity of 560 mAh g–1 after 500 long cycles under a high current density of 1.0 A g–1. The excellent rate performance is also shown, with a specific capacity of 504 mAh g–1 at a current density of 5.0 A g–1. Furthermore, the Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2Ox composite oxide material also delivers superior electrochemical performance in a full battery with the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material. The nickel–cobalt–manganese composite oxide will be a promising anode material for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
Heterosis and Combining Ability of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex Poir.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Combining ability and heterosis studies carried out using half diallel method with six parents for nine characters. The analysis revealed that none of the parents was found good general combiner for all the characters consistently, however the parents P2, P3, P4 and P5 were best general combiner’s for yield and flowering traits. The gca variance for node order to first female flower open, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, average fruit weight, fruits per plant, yield per plant and TSS was higher than the sca variance. While the days to first female flower open had lower gca value than the sca variance indicating the predominance of non-additive gene effects. Five crosses P1×P4, P3×P6, P4×P2, P5×P3 and P5×P6 found promising and should be maintained for development of future hybrid varieties for their sca effect and desirable level of heterosis.
The Supply of Glass at Portus Ilicitanus (Alicante, Spain): A Meta‐Analysis of HIMT Glasses

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Portus Ilicitanus (Picola, Alicante) was the main sea harbour of the Roman Colonia Iulia Ilici Augusta and as such played a crucial role in the supply of fundamental commodities to the Iberian Peninsula. Excavations yielded large quantities of glass in fourth‐ and early fifth‐century contexts. Elemental analysis of 60 samples by laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) confirmed that the glasses were imported from the Eastern Mediterranean. A majority of the glasses correspond to the HIMTa primary production group, which originates from Egypt. The statistical evaluation of published data of 589 HIMT glasses further revealed differential distribution patterns of the HIMTa and HIMTb subtypes between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean, suggesting chronological trends that are linked to wider geopolitical changes. This demonstrates the need for systematic large‐scale approaches to identify supply patterns and possible factors underlying geographical differences and/or chronological developments.
Comparison of Two Visual Scales for Estimating European Corn Borer Ear Damage in Maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some scales combine quantitative and qualitative components that inadvertently may skew damage estimates and eliminate potentially useful germplasm. Two visual evaluation scales to estimate European corn borer feeding damage were compared for their effectiveness in classifying sweet corn germplasm. Both the traditional 1 to 9 scale, combining ear feeding damage and damage location, and the alternative 1 to 5 scale, based solely on ear feeding damage, consistently separated sweet corn genotypes into resistant, marginally resistant, and susceptible classes. Inbred MN 3002, Hybrid MN 3004, `Apache', and `More' were classified as having marginally acceptable resistance levels. Inbred Mn 3003, Inbred W182E, and `Jubilee' were susceptible to European corn borer. Individual genotype rankings varied by scale, but genotype classifications were consistent with regard to the degree of commercial acceptability. The combination of quantitative and qualitative components did not compromise genotypic characterization, as the previously untested hybrid, MN 3004, was placed in the marginally acceptable class by both scales. Plant breeders should carefully evaluate the efficacy of individual visual scales before incorporating them into a selection program.
DiffusePast: Diffusion-based Generative Replay for Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation (CISS) extends the traditional segmentation task by incrementally learning newly added classes. Previous work has introduced generative replay, which involves replaying old class samples generated from a pre-trained GAN, to address the issues of catastrophic forgetting and privacy concerns. However, the generated images lack semantic precision and exhibit out-of-distribution characteristics, resulting in inaccurate masks that further degrade the segmentation performance. To tackle these challenges, we propose DiffusePast, a novel framework featuring a diffusion-based generative replay module that generates semantically accurate images with more reliable masks guided by different instructions (e.g., text prompts or edge maps). Specifically, DiffusePast introduces a dual-generator paradigm, which focuses on generating old class images that align with the distribution of downstream datasets while preserving the structure and layout of the original images, enabling more precise masks. To adapt to the novel visual concepts of newly added classes continuously, we incorporate class-wise token embedding when updating the dual-generator. Moreover, we assign adequate pseudo-labels of old classes to the background pixels in the new step images, further mitigating the forgetting of previously learned knowledge. Through comprehensive experiments, our method demonstrates competitive performance across mainstream benchmarks, striking a better balance between the performance of old and novel classes.
A review of methods of measuring system parameters in time-variant space communication channels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective and methods of measurement on linear, timevariant communication channels are discussed with a view of assessing their applicability for the diagnostics of certain unconventional channels of interest to space communication. These may include channels formed during the early, powered phase of the space vehicle flight and during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. No attempt is made here to elucidate the physical phenomena which are responsible for the formation and properties of such channels and the problem of their measurement is approached from the input-output point of view. It is assumed that the channels in question have been rendered semi-transparent through a suitable choice of carrier frequencies, but that the transmitted waveforms are impressed with identifiable channel characteristics, such as the multipath and Doppler spread. It is concluded that due to the uniqueness and complexity of such channels only the most rudimentary measuring methods, leading to the estimates of gross channel parameters, can be contemplated at this time. The need for further research is indicated.
Shades of meaning: Uncovering the geometry of ambiguous word representations through contextualised language models

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Lexical ambiguity presents a profound and enduring challenge to the language sciences. Researchers for decades have grappled with the problem of how language users learn, represent and process words with more than one meaning. Our work offers new insight into psychological understanding of lexical ambiguity through a series of simulations that capitalise on recent advances in contextual language models. These models have no grounded understanding of the meanings of words at all; they simply learn to predict words based on the surrounding context provided by other words. Yet, our analyses show that their representations capture fine-grained meaningful distinctions between unambiguous, homonymous, and polysemous words that align with lexicographic classifications and psychological theorising. These findings provide quantitative support for modern psychological conceptualisations of lexical ambiguity and raise new challenges for understanding of the way that contextual information shapes the meanings of words across different timescales.
System for monitoring the spatiotemporal behavior of tourists

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The spatiotemporal behavior is the pattern of displacement of the individual in time and space, being of fundamental importance to tourism. It is important to know the main factors that interfere with this behavior and what information is needed to better manage related services and products in order to increase the quality of the experience offered and ensure sustainability. This paper theoretically contextualizes this problem and presents the architecture of a system that, serving tourists, tour operators and tourism managers, ensures a mechanism for counting and tracking tourists, enhanced by the provision of information about tourist and commercial points of interest. The system involves a server in the Cloud, which stores data and is accessible via a REST API from a mobile application. The application interacts with Bluetooth Low Energy signal emitters installed at various locations. The development follows the Design Science Research. The phases of problem identification and tentative artifact design are presented in this paper.
Antecedents and consequences of negative life events in adulthood: a longitudinal study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated whether negative life events affected subjects' long-term physical and mental health.One hundred thirteen normal college men completed biennial follow-up questionnaires from age 26 until age 62. At age 62 they retrospectively assessed 16 major negative life events with a self-report checklist. A blind rater read each man's complete records over the 35 years and completed the same checklist prospectively. The men had independent physical examinations at age 65.It was demonstrated that negative life events affect men's psychological health more than their physical health. The correlation of negative life events with physical health was so low that no significant relationship between the two variables could be established. Negative life events were significantly associated with affective spectrum disorder and its relevant indicators. Further, the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that negative life events, family history of depression, and psychosocial stability during the college years were independent and statistically significant predictors of depression.This study supports the widely held belief that biological factors (heredity), psychological factors (unstable personality), and social factors (negative life events) are all etiologically related to depression.
Design and manufacture of infrared double waveband laser filter films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to meet the special requirements of infrared military equipment,an infrared double waveband filter film system was designed according to the theory of thin film and an infrared dual-band filter membrane with a high reflection at 1 064 nm and a high antireflection in 3~5 μm was produced on a multi-spectral ZnS substrate by adjusting process parameters and using electron beam vacuum deposition.With ion bombardment of low energy and vacuum annealing,the anti-damage threshold of thin film was improved.Furthermore,the stress between the film layer and the substrate was reduced to 51 MPa from 122 MPa measured by the BGS 6341 stress tester with gradient method.This film meets the requirements of infrared military equipment.
Weak Recovery Conditions from Graph Partitioning Bounds and Order Statistics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study a weaker formulation of the nullspace property which guarantees recovery of sparse signals from linear measurements by 𝓁 1 minimization. We require this condition to hold only with high probability, given a distribution on the nullspace of the coding matrix A. Under some assumptions on the distribution of the reconstruction error, we show that testing these weak conditions means bounding the optimal value of two classical graph partitioning problems: the k-Dense-Subgraph and MaxCut problems. Both problems admit efficient, relatively tight relaxations, and we use a randomization argument to produce new approximation bounds for k-Dense-Subgraph. We test the performance of our results on several families of coding matrices.
Distributed Rate Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Federated Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the performance of many aspects for future wireless communication. However, the issue of user's privacy in IRS assisted communications is often ignored in previous works. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, namely optimal beam reflection based on federated learning (OBR-FL), to achieve high speed communication with the sparse channel state information (CSI). The corresponding configuration matrix of IRS can be determined by the trained model according to the CSI of user to achieve the optimal communication rate. Based on federated learning (FL), several local models are trained with the local dataset of each user and upload them to a central server for aggregation to generate a global model. Then, each user downloads this global model as the initial configuration for next training round. Finally, the optimal model is obtained after several iterations. During the training process, the private data of each user is managed and processed locally. Simulation results demonstrate that the achievable rate performance of the proposed algorithm can effectively approach to that of the centralized machine learning (ML) while protecting user's privacy.
Finite-time disturbance observer based attitude stabilization control under actuator failure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a finite time fault-tolerant control problem is investigated for the spacecraft attitude stabilization control issue, which is subject to external disturbance torques and actuator failures. The approach is developed in the framework of observer based controller design. As a stepping stone, a simple and novel finite-time disturbance observer is first designed to reconstruct the synthetic uncertainty deriving form actuator failures and disturbances, by which the synthetic uncertainty is also compensated or restricted. Then, an simple finite-time attitude stabilization controller is investigated to enforce the closed-loop attitude control system to converge to the origin in finite time by using the estimated information from the proposed observer. In addition, the detailed derivations of the developed approaches are provided, along with a complete proof for the finite-time stability using Lyapunov method and homogeneity system theory. Finally, a simulation example for a rigid spacecraft model is carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed attitude control approach.
Design, Optimization, and Experiments of Compliant Microgripper

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent progress of MEMS technology enables the mass production of microdevices with low cost. However, methods for designing microgrippers and microdevice assembly processes have not been studied extensively. This paper presents the design and optimization of compliant microgripper, and snap-fit based microassembly experiments. A key issue of microassembly is to design a microgripper that is capable of handling and manipulating microparts with positional uncertainty and the lack of sensory information. Topology optimization is used to design compliant microgrippers that can produce a large opening at the tip or a gripper, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed to evaluate the characteristics of grippers. Compliant microgripper driven by the embedded thermal actuator and snap-connectors were fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process with Silicon On Insulator (SOI) wafer. With a fabricated microgripper and several snap-fits, the assembly of a three dimensional microstructure was successfully demonstrated.