jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improved Techniques for Staining and Enumerating Focus Formation in Viral Infectivity Assays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Improved techniques consisting of glutaraldehyde fixation, Giemsa staining, and colony counter enumeration of foci in viral infectivity assays were compared to microscope scanning and lantern slide projection methods. These techniques broadened the scope of application to potentially hazardous viruses and increased the efficiency of assaying.
Predicting Hypertension Subtypes with Machine Learning Using Targeted Metabolites and Their Ratios

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypertension is a major global health problem with high prevalence and complex associated health risks. Primary hypertension (PHT) is most common and the reasons behind primary hypertension are largely unknown. Endocrine hypertension (EHT) is another complex form of hypertension with an estimated prevalence varying from 3 to 20% depending on the population studied. It occurs due to underlying conditions associated with hormonal excess mainly related to adrenal tumours and sub-categorised: primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing’s syndrome (CS), pheochromocytoma or functional paraganglioma (PPGL). Endocrine hypertension is often misdiagnosed as primary hypertension, causing delays in treatment for the underlying condition, reduced quality of life, and costly antihypertensive treatment that is often ineffective. This study systematically used targeted metabolomics and high-throughput machine learning methods to predict the key biomarkers in classifying and distinguishing the various subtypes of endocrine and primary hypertension. The trained models successfully classified CS from PHT and EHT from PHT with 92% specificity on the test set. The most prominent targeted metabolites and metabolite ratios for hypertension identification for different disease comparisons were C18:1, C18:2, and Orn/Arg. Sex was identified as an important feature in CS vs. PHT classification.
Assessing Dwarf Mistletoe on Western Hemlock

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Stem analyses of 30 dominant and codominant Tsuga heterophylla trees, averaging 110 years old, indicated that, despite the earlier establishment and greater initial height of trees severely infected with hemlock dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium campylopodum f. tsugensis ), their growth was significantly retarded compared to that of lightly and moderately infected trees. Between 1955 and 1962, lightly infected trees had 41 percent greater volume growth and 84 percent greater height growth than severely infected trees. Volume loss became evident in 1945 and was nearly 60 cubic feet per acre per year by 1960 for dominant and codominant trees. The number, position, and size of mistletoe infections on each tree were determined and various assessment procedures compared. For assessing growth losses, a rating system based on only the middle third of the tree is recommended.
NUCLEOLIN PROMOTES AUTOPHAGY THROUGH PGC-1Α IN LPS-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT As a multifunctional protein, nucleolin can participate in a variety of cellular processes. Nucleolin also has multiple protective effects on heart disease. Previous studies have shown that nucleolin could not only resist oxidative stress damage and inflammatory damage, but also regulate autophagy to play a protective role in cardiac ischemia. However, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated in LPS-induced myocardial injury. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the underlying mechanism by which nucleolin regulates autophagy to protect against LPS-induced myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro . In our study, we found that nucleolin could bind to PGC-1α, and we predicted that this interaction could promote autophagy and played a role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Downregulation of nucleolin in H9C2 cells resulted in decreased autophagy and increased cell apoptosis during LPS-induced myocardial injury, while upregulation of PGC-1α had the opposite protective effect. Upregulation of nucleolin expression in cardiomyocytes could increase the level of autophagy during LPS-induced myocardial injury. In contrast, interference with PGC-1α expression resulted in a decrease in the protective effect of nucleolin, leading to reduced autophagy and thus increasing apoptosis. By using tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 autophagic flux detection system, we observed autophagic flux and determined that PGC-1α interference could block autophagic lysosomal progression. We further tested our hypothesis in the nucleolin cardiac-specific knockout mice. Finally, we also found that inhibition of autophagy can reduce mitochondrial biogenesis as well as increase apoptosis, which demonstrated the importance of autophagy. Therefore, we can speculate that nucleolin can protect LPS-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy, and this protective effect may be mediated by the interaction with PGC-1α, which can positively regulate the ULK1, an autophagy-related protein. Our study provides a new clue for the cardioprotective effect of nucleolin, and may provide new evidence for the treatment of LPS-induced myocardial injury through the regulation of autophagy.
Göran Bolin, Value and the Media. Cultural Production and Consumption in Digital Markets, Farnham – Burlington (VT), Ashgate, 2011 Göran Larsson, Muslims and the New Media. Historical and Contemporary Debates, Farnham – Burlington (VT), Ashgate, 2011

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dean J. Göran Bolin, Value and the Media. Cultural Production and Consumption in Digital Markets, Farnham – Burlington (VT), Ashgate, 2011 Göran Larsson, Muslims and the New Media. Historical and Contemporary Debates, Farnham – Burlington (VT), Ashgate, 2011. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 93e année n°2, Avril-Juin 2013. pp. 286-287.
2.5.2 Systems Engineering in an Outsourcing Environment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Outsourcing is the process of hiring someone else to do work that a business cannot, or does not wish to, do itself. While businesses have always done this, the entire field of outsourcing has taken on new dimensions and in the past few years has become vastly different from what it once was. Now companies are outsourcing significant portions of their core application development work overseas as well as areas such as order processing, help desks and others, justified by a lower cost per unit. As a result of overseas outsourcing, significant problems have arisen that either did not exist before or were easy to remedy when the work was done internally. Many of these problems can be traced to poor or missing requirements, a poor understanding of business processes, or to technology and security problems in the deliverables. This article discusses the role of systems engineering in avoiding or reducing the most significant problems. Rather than just gathering functional and performance requirements, systems engineers must now develop an entire requirements encyclopedia in order to provide enough information, do much more detailed business process analysis, and help develop testing and quality assurance approaches that can detect security back doors that may have been put into software products.
DNA synthesis during male meiotic prophase in the rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA synthesis in different stages of the male meiotic prophase of the rat was studied by autoradiography after incubation of small segments of isolated seminiferous tubules with tritiated thymidine. Compared to incubation of cell suspensions, this technique gives the advantage that the physiological contacts between different cells are preserved, which diminishes the damage of the cells and their DNA. In addition, the recognition accuracy of the meiotic stages is increased as the morphology of the developing acrosomes can be used as an additional criterium for identification of the stages of the spermatogenic epithelial cycle. Highest synthetic rate was found in the mid-pachytene spermatocytes, while moderate or low rate was observed in leptotene, zygotene, early pachytene, late pachytene and diplotene stages.
Syzygium pancheri: Hequet, V., Vandrot, H., Barrabé, L., Amice, R., Butin, J.-P., Cazé, H., Fleurot, D., Suprin, B., Chambrey, C., Laudereau, C., Haverkamp, C. & Fogliani, B.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
Essentials of Strategic Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ESSENTIALS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, Third Edition, is a brief version of the authors' market-leading text STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH, helping students identify and focus on core concepts in the field in a more succinct, streamlined format. Based on real-world practices and current thinking, the text's presentation of strategic management features an increased emphasis on the model concept as a way of framing the issues of competitive advantage. Cutting-edge research, new strategic management theory, and a hands-on approach allow students to explore major topics in management, including corporate performance, governance, strategic leadership, technology, and business ethics. Its high-quality case program examines small, medium, and large companies--both domestic and international--so that students gain practice putting chapter concepts into action.
Study of Diesel and Ethanol Blends Stability

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Characteristics of E diesel, a fuel blend of diesel fuel and ethanol, are considered in a matrix of tests. One characteristic of particular concern and a subject of this investigation is that of stability. Methods to evaluate stability are looked at and compared in light of the potential for distillate and ethanol to separate under certain conditions. The quality of the fuel blend is enhanced by the use of enabling additives to ensure stability which necessitates development of a standard for assessment of the quality of stability. The properties of various base diesel fuels and their influence on stability are also studied. Other key characteristics are evaluated including viscosity, pour point, and oxidative stability.</div>
The effect of different drying processes on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of Brassica spp. Cultivars from northern Atlantic Portugal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different drying methods on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of different Brassica spp. cultivars in order to produce a dietary flour. Fresh cabbages were subjected to two drying methods: convective air-drying (80 °C, during 2h with the previous blanching) and freeze-drying. An increase in crude protein, carbohydrates and fibre was observed. Regarding protein and fibre content, there is a tendency to be higher with convective air-drying method. There were significant changes in all analysed colour parameters of dried samples. Coração de Boi flours, obtained with both drying methods, revealed the lowest differences compared to a fresh sample. Results from both drying methods showed the positive effect that dehydration had on antioxidant activity. Flours produced with convective air-drying with previous blanching, resulted in a decrease of EC50 values (EC50= 0.74 - 1.64 mg/mL). Although, the values of EC50 were still lower in the case of lyophilized samples and the lowest values were found for Penca da Póvoa and Galega flours (EC50= 0.47 - 0.48 mg/mL). From these results, it was concluded that both drying processes have advantages on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of the products. Brassica flours, from both drying methods, presented an antioxidant potential and therefore may constitute an important natural source of antioxidants to be applied to different food matrices, especially flours of Galega and Penca da Póvoa, from freeze-drying method, which showed the lowest EC50 values. Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
Evaluation of Inhibitors for Their Mitigating Benefits against Acid Gas Corrosion on Laboratory Tests Simulating CO2 Flood Oil Production Environments

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study examines inhibitor corrosion control performance of batch applied corrosion inhibitors, on a series of laboratory screening protocols simulating worst case oil field production environments, challenging applied film to protect subsurface carbon steel production equipment when transferring corrosive, CO2 flood enhanced oil production, to surface pipelines. The study challenged various types of chemical corrosion control technologies in protecting carbon steel surfaces exposed to corrosion environments, simulating the downhole production conditions the sucker rods, tubing and casing equipment is exposed to before and after CO2 breakthrough.
Table S4. Microsatellite null alleles across populations from The antique genetic plight of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Table presenting the comparison of estimated null allele frequencies analyses conducted in MICRO-CHECKER (Van Oosterhout et al., 2004). Null: final evidence for null allele presence per data set as returned by MICRO-CHECKER; The estimated null allele frequency for each locus is compared to the null allele frequencies obtained using methods by Chakraborty (Chakraborty et al., 1992) and Brookfield (Brookfield, 1996). Homozygote excess: analysis indicates homozygote excess at this locus
Of the Fisherman’s Net and Skin Pores. Reframing Conceptions of the Skin in Medicine 1572–1714

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Between 1572 and 1714, existing conceptions of the skin as being porous were reaffirmed by visual microscopic evidence. In this chapter the author argues that the transition from macroscopic anatomy to microscopic anatomy changed the anatomical views of the skin yet left medical practice in the European context intact. This chapter seeks to investigate the physiology of the skin and thus deepen the history of the body as a changing subject of interpretation and analysis, through comparisons of works by Girolamo Mercuriale to early microscopic findings by such scholars as Nehemiah Grew and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. Drawing on Plato's Timaeus, Mercuriale defined the skin as a 'fisherman's net' because of its purpose as a common bond holding together the separate body parts in accordance with Hippocrates. According to Mercuriale, the skin had no other function other than receiving waste materials, as Galen had taught.Keywords:Antoni van Leeuwenhoek; fisherman's net; Galen; Girolamo Mercuriale; microscopic anatomy; Nehemiah Grew; Plato; skin pores; Timaeus
Managing the Humanitarian Supply Chain: developing a generic model to improve collaboration, efficiency and effectiveness

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Humanitarian disasters are expected to increase 5-fold over the next 50 years. It is suggested that the scale of resource dedicated to logistics provision in response to disasters accounts for upwards of 80% of the total budget, hence humanitarian logistics is very much in the spotlight. Collaborative working has been promoted as a Silver Bullet in many areas of Supply Chain Management and is contended to be a mechanism to prevent organisations optimising solely their own results, rather than integrating their goals and activities with others to benefit overall end user value. Collaborative techniques inherent within commercial supply chains have not been observed in the humanitarian relief chain. This study investigates why this is the case, as this lack of collaboration leads to inefficiency; which at worst results in increased humanitarian suffering and additional loss of life. The findings reveal ways to advance collaborative working within the humanitarian relief supply chain. A conceptual generic model of the supply chain is developed which highlights significant issues which, if addressed will improve collaboration and thereby benefit overall \nefficiency and effectiveness.
Solanum sp. LOTID 207957

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Solanum sp.
Common name(s): Potato
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru
Local sample unique identifier: LOTID 207957
Method of creation: In-house copy
Date: 2007
Other identifiers: n/a,CIP 763210
Historical: Yes
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Methods for obtaining approximate solutions to the expanding-sphere boundaary value problem in direct current polarography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethods for obtaining approximate solutions to the expanding-sphere boundaary value problem in direct current polarographyJoseph R. Delmastro and Donald Edward SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 7, 2138–2149Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100866a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100866a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BEEF QUALITY: WILL CONSUMERS PAY FOR LESS FAT?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A nationwide retail survey is used to estimate hedonic prices of fat characteristics in beef table cuts. Results show that consumers consistently place a negative value on external fat for all table cuts and on seam fat in chuck and round cuts, but do not consistently value intramuscular fat. These consumer preferences are not transmitted to cattle feeders through price signals, even though the current beef grading system can distinguish carcasses with undesirable fat characteristics.
Practical Strategies on Improving Vocational Students' Lifelong Learning Ability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vocational students' lifelong learning ability mainly includes independent learning ability,information technology ability, critical thinking ability, problem solving skills and so on. Only should we integrate lifelong learning value and skills into the vocational development strategy, professional training system, teaching practice reform, enhancement of teachers' quality and construction of campus culture,vocational colleges can we successfully accomplish their mission,and play a leading role in improving vocational students' lifelong learning ability.
Research on Clothing Image Classification Models Based on CNN and Transfer Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional clothing image classification method, which involves artificially extracting features of clothing images, are not effective owing to images having complex background and clothing distortion. With the purpose of improving the classification accuracy, eight models are designed based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and transfer learning. These CNN models are trained on the dataset named Street-FashionData having eight categories of clothing images, and their performances are evaluated and compared by conducting classification tests. The experimental results show that model ICM-C and model ECM-C have high classification accuracies of 97.2% and 97.8%, respectively. These two models have the same convolutional bases as pre-trained Inception-v3 and pre-trained EfficientNet-B0, respectively, moreover, their entire networks need to be trained. The experimental results have proved the efficiency of classification models described in this paper.
Small-Dose Fentanyl in Intravenous Versus Epidural Preemptive Analgesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this randomized, double-blinded study, the preemptive effects of intravenous and epidural fentanyl analgesia were compared with post-incisional analgesia in 40 patients undergoing orthophedic surgery of the lower extremities. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups; intravenous or epidural analgesia, with twenty patients in each group. General anesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5-6 mgkg -1 and maintained with 0.8-1.0% isoflurane and 66% nitrous oxide in 33% O 2 . The trachea was intubated after administration of vecuronium 0.1 mgkg -1 . Patients in the epidural analgesia groups then received, by random allocation, 2 µgkg -1 fentanyl with 0.9% saline (total volume 0.15 mlkg -1 ) after epidural catheter replacement 15 minutes before (preemptive epidural analgesia group-PEEA) or 15 minutes after (epidural analgesia group-EA) the surgical incision. Patients in the analgesia groups received, by random allocation, 2 µgkg -1 fentanyl intravenously immediately after induction (preemptive intravenous analgesia group-PEIV) or 15 minutes after the surgical incision (intravenous analgesia group-IV). Visual analOĞUe pain scores (VAS) and postoperative morphine consumption in the preemptive groups were consistently lower than in the analgesia groups, although there was no statistical significance. Similarly, the first analgesic requirement time was longer in the PEEA group than in the EA group. Differences in the plasma concentration of glucose and cortisol were neither consistently nor significantly different between the study groups. In regard to these findings, we believe that with the management of patients with 2 µgkg -1 fentanyl intravenously or epidurally before painful stimuli lowers the VAS and postoperative analgesic use. Higher doses of fentanyl may be necessary for optimal and significant results.
Structural characterizations of the semantics of XPath as navigation tool on a document

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given a document D in the form of an unordered labeled tree, we study the expressibility on D of various fragments of XPath, the core navigational language on XML documents. We give characterizations, in terms of the structure of D, for when a binary relation on its nodes is definable by an XPath expression in these fragments. Since each pair of nodes in such a relation represents a unique path in D, our results therefore capture the sets of paths in D definable in XPath. We refer to this perspective on the semantics of XPath as the "global view." In contrast with this global view, there is also a "local view" where one is interested in the nodes to which one can navigate starting from a particular node in the document. In this view, we characterize when a set of nodes in D can be defined as the result of applying an XPath expression to a given node of D. All these definability results, both in the global and the local view, are obtained by using a robust two-step methodology, which consists of first characterizing when two nodes cannot be distinguished by an expression in the respective fragments of XPath, and then bootstrapping these characterizations to the desired results.