jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of Genotype D8 Measles Virus in Indonesia in 2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Latar Belakang: Campak adalah salah satu penyakit menular dan dapat menyebabkan penyakit serius sampai kematian. Campak masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena wabah campak masih terjadi di seluruh Indonesia. Surveilans berbasis laboratorium berikut penyelidikan epidemiologi molekuler memiliki kontribusi besar untuk mencegah wabah campak. Studi sebelumnya telah mendokumentasikan kehadiran genotipe virus campak G2, G3 dan D9 di Indonesia, dan genotipe lainnya seperti B3, D4, D5, D8 dan H1 telah terdeteksi di negara-negara tetangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi virus campak yang menyebabkan wabah di Indonesia pada tahun 2014. Metode: Tujuh puluh empat spesimen urin yang dikumpulkan dari delapan provinsi dan diperiksa oleh satu langkah RT-PCR dan metode sequencing Sanger. Analisis sekuensing dilakukan menggunakan Bioedit 7.1; DNAstar 7.0 dan software MEGA5.0. Hasil: Hasil PCR menunjukkan 34 dari 74 spesimen klinis positif dari virus campak. Kami menemukan genotipe dari 34 virus campak milik genotipe D8, D9 dan G3. Kesimpulan: Campak pertama genotipe D8 telah terdeteksi dari Indonesia pada tahun 2014 meskipun campak lainnya genotipe masih dapat ditemukan di Indonesia. Kata kunci: virus campak, D8 genotipe, wabah, Indonesia Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It remains an important cause of death among young children globally, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Measles is still a public health problem in Indonesia and measles outbreak still reported from many areas throughout Indonesia.. Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses is an important component in outbreak investigations to to monitor the presence of circulating wild–type measles strains.Previous studies in Indonesia have documented the presence of measles virus genotypes G2, G3 and D9 in Indonesia, and the other genotypes such as B3, D4, D5, D8 and H1 have been detected in neighboring countries. This study aims to characterize the measles virus that causing outbreak in Indonesia in 2014. Methods: Seventy four urine specimens were collected from eight provinces and examined by one step RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing method. Sequencing analysis were conducted using Bioedit 7.1; DNA Star 7.0 and MEGA 5.0 software. Results: The PCR results showed 34 out of 74 clinical specimens positive of measles virus. We found the genotype of 34 measles viruses belongs to genotype D8, D9 and G3. Conclusion: The first measles genotype D8 has been detected from Indonesia in 2014 although other measles genotype still can be found in Indonesia. Keywords: Measles virus, D8 genotype, outbreak, Indonesia
Non-Invasive Sheep Biometrics Obtained by Computer Vision Algorithms and Machine Learning Modeling Using Integrated Visible/Infrared Thermal Cameras

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Live sheep export has become a public concern. This study aimed to test a non-contact biometric system based on artificial intelligence to assess heat stress of sheep to be potentially used as automated animal welfare assessment in farms and while in transport. Skin temperature (°C) from head features were extracted from infrared thermal videos (IRTV) using automated tracking algorithms. Two parameter engineering procedures from RGB videos were performed to assess Heart Rate (HR) in beats per minute (BPM) and respiration rate (RR) in breaths per minute (BrPM): (i) using changes in luminosity of the green (G) channel and (ii) changes in the green to red (a) from the CIELAB color scale. A supervised machine learning (ML) classification model was developed using raw RR parameters as inputs to classify cutoff frequencies for low, medium, and high respiration rate (Model 1). A supervised ML regression model was developed using raw HR and RR parameters from Model 1 (Model 2). Results showed that Models 1 and 2 were highly accurate in the estimation of RR frequency level with 96% overall accuracy (Model 1), and HR and RR with R = 0.94 and slope = 0.76 (Model 2) without statistical signs of overfitting
Fuzzy Goal Programming Approach in Vehicle Routing Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Çok amaçlı karar alma yaklaşımlarında yaygın olarak kullanılan programlama yöntemlerinden biri hedef programlamadır. Gerçek hayat problemlerinde hedeflerin ve kısıtların her zaman kesin olarak belirlenememektedir. Bu gibi durumlarda çözüm bulabilmek için bulanık hedef programlama yaklaşımı kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada bulanıklık çerçevesinde en iyi karar vermeyi sağlayan yaklaşımlardan olan bulanık hedef programlama yaklaşımının kapasite kısıtlı araç rotalama problemi üzerinde uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Bulanık talepler altında araç rotalama probleminin çözülebilmesi için bir bulanık hedef programlama yaklaşımı önerilmiştir. Önerilen model, örnek sayısal veriler üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar The Genaral Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) programı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; her hafta en az 6 araçla gönderim yapan şirketin maliyetinin, önerilen modelle düşürülebileceği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak, şirketin talepleri karşılanmıştır.
The Solution of a Minimization Problem of the Weighted Length of a Connecting Grid by Branch and Bound Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Запропоновано і реалізовано метод гілок та меж для задачі мінімізації зваженої довжини зв’язуючої сітки при лінійному розташуванні прямокутних елементів. Розглянуто правило галуження допустимої множини на підмножини, а також обґрунтовано оцінку допустимої підмножини. Розглянуто ілюстративний приклад.
Finite Element Method Analysis of Stress Intensity Factor in Different Edge Crack Positions, and Predicting their Correlation using Neural Network method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

According to the fracture mechanics, crack propagation in the body of structures may lead to a failure. In this field, Stress Intensity Factor is utilized to determine the stress intensity near the tip of a crack, and to predict if a crack starts to grow. The crack propagation can be determined by comparing Stress Intensity Factor to the Critical Stress Intensity Factor. This study attempts to analyze the Stress Intensity Factor in various edge cracks along the length of a finite plate which is under a uniform tension. Finite Element Method is utilized for the analysis. In addition, Neural Network Method is used to predict the correlation of Stress Intensity Factor and the position of edge crack along the length of a finite plate.
Powiązanie religijności z wyborami politycznymi suwerena w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej na przykładzie Polski w latach 2007-2015 w świetle globalnych badań nad stosunkami międzynarodowymi (Global IR)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Central-Eastern European (CEE) historical and cultural experiences can constitute an important contribution to the Global IR. Religion plays a special role here (we discuss the phenomena of “ethnicization of religion” and “sacralization of ethnicity”), which still does not find an adequate place in Western IR. Using data provided by the Institute of Catholic Church Statistics and the National Electoral Commission, we analyze the connections between Poles’ religiosity and voting in the Sejm elections from 2007 to 2015. We use cartographic and statistical methods for this purpose. As a result, there is a visible strengthening of political polarization in Poland, based largely on viewpoint issues, especially those related to the approach to religion. Therefore: 1. religion still “matters” for IR because it significantly influences political choices, especially in CEE, including Poland; 2. the concept of Global IR should be expanded to include research on religion, as it remains a relevant factor for this concept – it contributes significantly to “non-Western” theorizing on IR, e.g., in the CEE region; 3. perhaps the postsecular approach to studying international reality developed within Western IR could find its application in the concept of Global IR, which has a great chance of contributing to the dissemination of a new, postsecular identity of the discipline. It is worth using multidisciplinary research, as demonstrated in this article.
[Idiopathic myositis of the small intestine. An unusual cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case reported concerns a child with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) whose digestive manifestations (intestinal adynamia and distension) were present from the age of 6 months and lasted, despite medical and surgical treatments until 4 years of age, when death occurred. The multiple samplings showed important inflammatory reactions centred on the muscular layers of the small intestine, together with degenerative lesions of the muscular fibres, progressively leading to fibrosis and atrophy of the intestinal wall with secondary and final impairment of the myenteric plexuses. The diagnosis of myositis of the small intestine is extremely rare. It is not part of the usual causes of intestinal adynamia and CIPO, which were reviewed. Hollow visceral myopathy and systemic sclerosis of the GI tract were more especially discussed. For lack of etiopathogenic convincing data and of similar observation in the literature, this case may be temporarily considered as an idiopathic myositis of the small intestine, a potentially new cause of CIPO.
Mixed-Methods Approach in Development Studies: Understanding and Explaining Processes and Outcomes of State-sponsored Resettlement in Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on empirical examples of livelihood changes associated with state-sponsored resettlement scheme in Western Oromia, Ethiopia, this paper aims to make a methodological contribution on the advantages of integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. It demonstrates the complementary roles of qualitative and quantitative methods at various stages of the research process, notably at the stages of data collection, and analysis and interpretation. It highlights that development research could benefit from employing a mixed-methods approach. At a general level, the paper conveys the message that understanding and explaining processes and outcomes of development interventions is aided by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Specific to livelihood changes associated with resettlement, quantitative methods enable us to quantify the changes and, thereby, specify the magnitude of the resettlement scheme’s impacts. However, what these changes mean as perceived and expressed by the subjects of the study is vital and can only be addressed through an approach that embraces qualitative methods. This is because qualitative methods are good at capturing contextual and subjective meanings of social phenomena. Moreover, the application of mixed methods enables us address the statistical and substantive significant of the variables under study and enhance the policy relevance of the findings. One method thus complements the other in meaningful ways.
A deconvolution method to remove distortion caused by antenna radiation pattern from measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The influence of vegetation on radiowave signals has become an important aspect of the design of wireless communication links. In recent years the theory of Radiative Energy Transfer has been adopted as a reliable tool to predict the radiowave propagation through and near vegetation. However one major factor influencing accuracy of the measurement is the radiation pattern of the receiver antenna. The measured pattern will be the convolution product of the antenna radiation pattern and the phase function of the vegetation medium. The measured pattern therefore needs to undergo a deconvolution process before enable to provide reliable information. This paper presents a deconvolution method developed using optimum compensation filtering to remove the distortion caused by the receiver antenna radiation pattern. A pre-filtering technique using auto/cross-correlation is utilised to improve the deconvolution results, as well as an error function is deployed to determine the optimal parameter in the iterative filter.
Principled leveraging of external data in the evaluation of diagnostic devices via the propensity score‐integrated composite likelihood approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In the area of diagnostics, it is common practice to leverage external data to augment a traditional study of diagnostic accuracy consisting of prospectively enrolled subjects to potentially reduce the time and/or cost needed for the performance evaluation of an investigational diagnostic device. However, the statistical methods currently being used for such leveraging may not clearly separate study design and outcome data analysis, and they may not adequately address possible bias due to differences in clinically relevant characteristics between the subjects constituting the traditional study and those constituting the external data. This paper is intended to draw attention in the field of diagnostics to the recently developed propensity score‐integrated composite likelihood approach, which originally focused on therapeutic medical products. This approach applies the outcome‐free principle to separate study design and outcome data analysis and can mitigate bias due to imbalance in covariates, thereby increasing the interpretability of study results. While this approach was conceived as a statistical tool for the design and analysis of clinical studies for therapeutic medical products, here, we will show how it can also be applied to the evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of an investigational diagnostic device leveraging external data. We consider two common scenarios for the design of a traditional diagnostic device study consisting of prospectively enrolled subjects, which is to be augmented by external data. The reader will be taken through the process of implementing this approach step‐by‐step following the outcome‐free principle that preserves study integrity.
Immunocytochemical Investigation on the Intracisternal Accumulations of Storage Protein in Pea Cotyledon Cells

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1980s, the fragmentation or subdivision of protein deposits at the periphery of protein storage vacuole was suggested as the only route of PB development in pea cotyledon cells. Since then, other independant processes such as terminal dilation , transformation and de novo development have been discussed as alternative routes for PB development, and today, these multiple mechanisms of PB development are accepted as a result of active investigations. For analysis of the protein accumulations in the ER cisternae during seed development, immunocytochemical gold labellings were applyed on the single cells separated by enzymatic digestion from cotyledon tissue. Anti-legumin labellings at the early stage, and anti-vicilin labellings at the intermediate stage were observed on the protein-filled ER. The , which is the ER retention protein, was labelled somewhat at late stage, and PPase, a sort of tonoplast membrane protein, was labelled at early stage.
Study of Bimolecular Quenching Reactions of Coumarin Dye C1 by the Fluorescence Behavior in Toluene and Butanol Binary Mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Inferable from the significance of solvent mixtures in practical chemistry, toluene (TL) and butanol (BL) mixtures are used to study fluorescence behavior of coumarin dye C1 namely 3‐hydroxy‐3‐[2‐oxo‐2‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐ethyl]‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐one. Bimolecular quenching reaction studies of C1 with aniline as quencher are made in mixtures of TL–BL to know the effect of viscosity and dielectric constant variation at room temperature. The quenching process is studied in all solvent mixtures by steady state method. Quenching is characterized by Stern–Volmer (S–V) plots having upward curvature. Analysis of modified S–V equations which accounts both static and dynamic quenching allows calculating bimolecular quenching rate constant. The bimolecular quenching reactions are found to be significantly larger. Further finite sink approximation model is invoked so as to check whether reactions are diffusion limited. The extents of these rate parameters demonstrate that positive deviations in the S–V plot are because of the presence of apparent static and dynamic quenching process.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution of Protected 2‐Amino‐4‐butanoic Acid. An Easy Route to Exotic Amino Acids and Conformationally Constrained Peptides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel Methods for Genetic Transformation of Natural Bacillus subtilis Isolates Used To Study the Regulation of the Mycosubtilin and Surfactin Synthetases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Natural isolates of Bacillus subtilis are often difficult to transform due to their low genetic competence levels. Here we describe two methods that stimulate natural transformation. The first method uses plasmid pGSP12, which expresses the competence transcription factor ComK and stimulates competence development about 100-fold. The second method stimulates Campbell-type recombination of DNA ligation mixtures in B. subtilis by the addition of polyethylene glycol. We employed these novel methods to study the regulation of the synthetases for the lipopeptide antibiotics mycosubtilin ( myc ) and surfactin ( srfA ) in B. subtilis strain ATCC 6633. By means of lacZ reporter fusions, it was shown that the expression of srfA is >100 times lower in strain ATCC 6633 than in the laboratory strain B. subtilis 168. Expression of the myc operon was highest in rich medium, whereas srfA expression reached maximal levels in minimal medium. Further genetic analyses showed that the srfA operon is mainly regulated by the response regulator ComA, while the myc operon is primarily regulated by the transition-state regulator AbrB. Although there is in vitro evidence for a synergistic activity of mycosubtilin and surfactin, the expression of both lipopeptide antibiotics is clearly not coordinated.
Utilization of Geological Mapping Techniques to Track Scaling Tendencies in the Eunice Monument South Unit Waterflood, Lea County, New Mexico

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Eunice Monument South Unit (EMSU) has historically experienced barium sulfate scale deposits in many producing oil wells prior to field unitization and initiation of the present waterflood. This problem was exacerbated with the waterflood due to incompatibility of the supply water and the water in the reservoir. Scale inhibitor treatments are used to control the barium sulfate scale deposition where water analyses indicate treatments are needed. Geological mapping techniques are used to show the wells with barium sulfate scaling tendencies. Maps are updated on an annual basis using current water analysis data from each well in the waterflood unit.
Adapting and Verifying the Liming Index for Enhanced Rock Weathering Minerals as an Alternative Liming Approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acidic soils limit plant nutrient availability, leading to deficiencies and reduced crop yields. Agricultural liming agents address these issues and are crucial for deploying silicate amendments used in enhanced rock weathering (ERW) for carbon sequestration and emission reduction. Grower recommendations for liming agents are based on the liming index (LI), which combines the neutralizing value (NV) and fineness rating (FR) to predict a mineral’s acidity neutralization relative to pure calcite. However, the LI was originally developed for carbonate minerals, and its applicability to silicates remains uncertain, with studies often yielding inconclusive results on soil carbon and liming efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the liming efficiency of silicates. We determined the LI of five candidate ERW minerals (basalt, olivine, wollastonite, kimberlite, and montmorillonite) and compared them to pure calcite. Post-NV acid digestion, we characterized the minerals and soils, applying nonparametric statistical tests (Wilcoxon, Kendall) to correlate liming results with LI, dosage, and amendment methods. We developed an empirical model incorporating mineralogy and kinetics to explain silicate behavior in liming, considering soil, climate, and crop factors.
Microdetermination of Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Use of Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Gas Liquid Chromatography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using 20 microliter of serum, cholesterol concentration in each lipoprotein separated with agarose gel electrophoresis were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Procedure: After performing electrophoresis, alpha and beta (involved prebeta) lipoproteins were detected with Seidel's solution 2. Each portion was taken off and saponified. Heptan extracted cholesterol was trimethyl silanized together with beta-sitosterol added as internal standard. Result: Firstly, this method was compared with classical ultracentrifugation method analysis for the separation of each lipoprotein cholesterol and confirmed to be highly correlated each other. By the presented procedure in normal subjects (n=28), alpha cholesterol was 52±19mg/dl (M±SD) and beta+prebeta cholesterol was 113±28mg/dl. The ratio of cholesterol in beta+prebeta to alpha was 2.6±1.5. Alpha cholesterol decreased in cases with history of myocardial infarction. Beta+prebeta cholesterol highly increased in essential hyperlipidemias, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, nephrotic syndrome and myocardial infarction. In 5 cases of type IIa hyperlipidemia treated with antihyperlipidemic agents, alpha cholesterol decreased about a month later paralleled with a decrease of total serum cholesterol. Assuming alpha cholesterol value as a factor of anti-atherogeneity, it should be noted that alpha cholesterol must be followed routinely together with total serum cholesterol, particularly in these treated patients. And the reported method must be useful owing to its accuracy, easiness and “not” time and money consuming.
Quantifying and Exploiting VR Frame Correlations: An Application of a Statistical Model for Viewport Pose

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In virtual reality (VR), users' head pose , that is, the location and the orientation of users' viewport, determines the view of the virtual world that is shown to the users. The importance of the viewport pose to VR experiences calls for the development of VR viewport pose models. However, no study has obtained a full pose (the position and the orientation) model applicable to modeling the viewport pose in VR experiences. In this paper, informed by our experimental measurements of viewport trajectories across 4 different types of VR interfaces, we first develop a statistical model of viewport poses in VR environments. Based on the developed model, we examine the correlations between pixels in VR frames that correspond to different viewport poses, and obtain an analytical expression for the visibility similarity (ViS) of the pixels across different VR frames. We then propose a lightweight ViS-based algorithm (ALG-ViS) that adaptively splits VR frames into the background and the foreground, reusing the background across different frames. Our implementation of ALG-ViS in two Oculus Quest 2 rendering systems demonstrates ALG-ViS running in real time, supporting the full VR frame rate, and outperforming baselines on measures of frame quality and bandwidth consumption.