jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-term hematopoietic damage: concepts, approaches, and results relevant to the study of environmental toxins.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The hematopoietic tissue is one of the prime examples of hierarchical tissues, where mature cells with a limited life span are continually replaced as a result of proliferation and differentiation from stem and progenitor cells. In the bone marrow, these processes are controlled by growth factors and by cell to cell interactions, the latter being specially important for the regulation of the stem-cell population. In the study of long-term hematopoietic damage, we have to distinguish between deleterious effects of the environmental toxins on the stem and progenitor cells, and on the stromal bone marrow cells which are part of the regulatory hematopoietic microenvironment. In some experimental situations, the function of the tissue may be subnormal, not because of stem cell damage (which may also be present), but because of damage to regulatory environmental populations. Because of the high degree of organization of the hematopoietic tissue (not immediately obvious from histological sections), the heterogeneity of the stromal cell populations, and their different capacities to regenerate after cytotoxic insult, the stromal damage is likely to be heterogeneous and would tend to be expressed functionally at later times than acute hematopoietic injury. While microenvironmental damage may be of importance in the induction of hematopoietic failure, the primary target in leukemogenesis is likely to be the stem cell. However, experimental data support the concept that regulatory microenvironmental influences may hinder or favor the development of leukemia.
Preparation of Nanotubular PDMS/PVC Molds for Reduced Catheter Inflammation and Infection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inflammation and infection of catheters (and polymeric medical devices in general) is a significant problem. Previous studies have demonstrated that metals with nanotubular surface features can decrease both inflammatory and bacteria functions. With this in mind, this study aimed to create polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) molds out of anodized titanium (Ti) in order to transfer this novel antibacterial surface roughness to polymers. In addition, such polymers were further tested for inflammatory and bacteria responses.
The teaching assistant's guide to dyslexia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Guía que ofrece orientación sobre la comprensión e identificación de dislexia, el desarrollo de estrategias eficaces para ayudar en el aprendizaje a los alumnos disléxicos, apoyo a alumnos con diferentes estilos de aprendizaje a través del desarrollo de una variedad de técnicas de estudio, cómo fomentar la autoestima. En cada capítulo hay actividades y juegos para apoyar el aprendizaje y una lista de recursos útiles de las TIC.
Anæsthetics in practice and theory. By J. Blomfield, O.B.E., M.D. (Cantab.), Senior Anæsthetist to St. George's Hospital, and Lecturer on Anæsthetics to the Medical School. Royal 8vo. Pp. 424 + xii, illustrated. 1922. London: Wm. Heinemann. 25s. net

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Anæsthetics in practice and theory. By J. Blomfield, O.B.E., M.D. (Cantab.), Senior Anæsthetist to St. George's Hospital, and Lecturer on Anæsthetics to the Medical School. Royal 8vo. Pp. 424 + xii, illustrated. 1922. London: Wm. Heinemann. 25s. net Get access Anæsthetics in Practice and Theory. By J Blomfield, O.B.E., M.D. (Cantab.), Senior Anæsthetist to St. George's Hospital, and Lecturer on Anæsthetics to the Medical School. Royal 8vo. Pp. 424 + xii, illustrated. 1922. London: Wm. Heinemann. 25s. net. British Journal of Surgery, Volume 10, Issue 39, January 1923, Page 431, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800103932 Published: 06 December 2005
Reply on RC1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The benefits of implementing negative emission technologies in the global warming response to cumulative carbon emissions until the year 2420 are assessed following the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 1-2.6, the sustainable development scenario, with a comprehensive set of intermediate-complexity Earth system model integrations. Model integrations include 86 different model realisations covering a wide range of plausible climate states. The global warming response is assessed in terms of two key climate metrics: the effective transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (eTCRE), measuring the surface warming response to cumulative carbon emissions and associated non-CO2 forcing, and the effective zero emissions commitment (eZEC), measuring the extent of any continued warming after net-zero CO2 emissions are reached. The transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (TCRE) is estimated as 2.2 K EgC−1 (median value) with a 10 %–90 % range of 1.75 to 3.13 K EgC−1 in 2100, approximated from the eTCRE by removing the contribution of non-CO2 forcing. During the positive emission phase, the eTCRE decreases from 2.71 (2.0 to 3.65) to 2.61 (1.91 to 3.62) K EgC−1 due to a weakening in the dependence of radiative forcing on atmospheric carbon, which is partly opposed by an increasing fraction of the radiative forcing warming the surface as the ocean stratifies. During the net negative and zero emission phases, a progressive reduction in the eTCRE to 2.0 (1.39 to 2.96) K EgC−1 is driven by the reducing airborne fraction as atmospheric CO2 is drawn down mainly by the ocean. The model uncertainty in the slopes of warming versus cumulative CO2 emissions varies from being controlled by the radiative feedback parameter during positive emissions to being affected by carbon-cycle parameters during net negative emissions, consistent with the drivers of uncertainty diagnosed from the coefficient of variation of the contributions in the eTCRE framework. The continued warming after CO2 emissions cease and remain at zero gives a model mean eZEC of −0.03 K after 25 years, which decreases in time to −0.21 K at 90 years after emissions cease. However, there is a spread in the ensemble with a temperature overshoot occurring in 20 % of the ensemble members at 25 years after cessation of emissions. If net negative emissions are included, there is a reduction in atmospheric CO2 and there is a decrease in temperature overshoot so that the eZEC is positive in only 5 % of the ensemble members. Hence, incorporating negative emissions enhances the ability to meet climate targets and avoid risk of continued warming after net zero is reached.
Parental use of psychological and behavioural control and the relationship to children's eating habits

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This correlational study examined parent-feeding practices, children’s negative affect towards food, and parental psychological and behavioural control, and parenting styles relating to parental behavioural and psychological control. Parents and their children aged 9-13 years completed self-report questionnaires measuring parental behavioural and psychological control, feeding practices, parenting styles and dimensions, and family eating and activity habits. Behavioural control was negatively related to monitoring, but positively correlated to parents using both pressure and rewards to encourage children to eat. Psychological control was negatively correlated to monitoring, but positively correlated to parents’ perceptions of their own weight and concerns’ about their children being overweight. No correlations were found between parents’ perceived use of psychological or behavioural control and children’s perceptions of parental control. Parental psychological control was positively correlated to children and parents eating in problematic situations. The three main parenting styles were investigated and behavioural and psychological control were positively related to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles.
Governmentality and the subject of rights

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses Foucault’s writings on governmentality and discovers there a conceptual resource (the idea, and practice, of the counter-conduct) that both in Foucault’s own work and in the work of those writing in his wake helps account for a particular kind of engagement with rights. This engagement with rights is characterized by an attention to how rights contour the subjectivity of the rights holder or claimant but at the same time holds onto the possibility that those forms of subjectivity and the power relations within which they are situated could still be altered. This is an ambivalent and yet potentially subversive account (and praxis) of rights: a counter-conduct of rights. The chapter discusses how this account can be found in Foucault’s own work and in the work of those influenced by him, writing on the politics of rights in the context of race, sexuality and gender.
Effectiveness of Mental Health Promotion Policies and Programs of State Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Mental Health Law, also known as RA 11036, is the approved legal basis for promoting awareness about mental health. It mandates every local government unit and academic institution to create its programs following the general guidelines set by the Philippine Council for Mental Health created under this law. Moreover, because there is a growing number of adolescents suffering from mental health problems, there is an excellent need for universities to take care of students’ mental health. This study primarily seeks to assess the effectiveness of mental health promotion policies and programs in the state universities of Region 2 in the Philippines and to know if there are significant differences between the respondents’ assessed effectiveness when grouped according to their profile variables: students (age, sex, years of stay, course) and implementers (educational attainment, years of experience, number of seminar/training & employment status). The study utilized a quantitative method, specifically using a survey questionnaire. Sampling was done through stratified and convenience sampling. The study’s results show that both students and implementers rated the efforts of the state universities in implementing mental health promotion policies and programs as “effective.” Implementers consistently gave higher ratings than students. Moreover, significant differences were present among the respondents’ assessed effectiveness of the academic institutions when grouped according to university, sex, and course/program. Regarding years of stay, only the indicator “facility access and referral mechanisms for psychosocial support” received a significant difference rating.
Exploring Superacid‐Promoted Skeletal Reorganization of Aliphatic Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Here we report a method to reorganize the core structure of aliphatic unsaturated nitrogen‐containing substrates exploiting polyprotonation in superacid solutions. The superelectrophilic activation of N ‐isopropyl systems allows for the selective formal C sp3 −H activation/cyclization or homologation / functionalization of nitrogen‐containing substrates. This study also reveals that this skeletal reorganization can be controlled through protonation interplay. The mechanism of this process involves an original sequence of C−N bond cleavage, isopropyl cation generation and subsequent C−N bond and C−C bond formation. This was demonstrated through in situ NMR analysis and labelling experiments, also confirmed by DFT calculations.
Photodynamic diagnosis and treatment of bronchial cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of malignancy and its incidence increases worldwide. The disease develops deceitfully and only a small proportion of cancers is detected early enough to be treated radically. The main risk factor is cigarette smoking. Other risk groups consist of patients with various occupational hazards, with family history of lung cancer or those already treated for the disease. The risk is usually multiplied when smoking coexists with other risk factors. Considering terrifying epidemiologic data, methods of screening and early detection of the disease should be urgently elaborated and should cover well defined risk groups. Photodynamic bronchoscopy allows an early detection of pre-invasive lesions and carcinoma in situ, as well as of synchronous or metachronous lesions in patients with already detected disease. The use of photosensitizers permits to apply of laser therapy. In the present work, photodynamic diagnosis and treatment of bronchial cancer are reviewed. Although both sensitivity and specificity of photodynamic diagnosis is as yet not well established, the method may be suggested as a future screening tool in a population with present or past occupational hazard.
Bootstrap-based Longitudinal Analysis of DTI Estimates (BLADE): Applications in Clinically Isolated Syndrome Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results: Figure 1 shows the absolute values of T statistic map of the control subject between arbitrarily chosen two time points. T scores were observed to be randomly distributed in the volume with few noticeable structural features, implying that the variance in each voxel for two time points were properly estimated, effectively scaling the difference between two time points. The T scores in the entire brain were found to be distributed similar to normal distribution with mean of zero and standard deviation of 1, supporting appropriate estimation of the variance since it is known that T distribution with large number of samples is known to approximate standard normal distribution. Figure 2 shows the T scores p<0.01 overlaid over mean FA map in the same slice and same time points as figure 1. Increases (red) and decreases (blue) in FA over time is shown, with brighter color meaning higher T scores. Random events dictate that 1% of the voxels will exceed this T threshold and these supra-threshold voxels are randomly scattered around, without any definite patterns. Figure 3 shows the T statistic maps and corresponding T1-weighted images for a CIS patient, between time point 1 (baseline) and 2 (3 months after). Similar differences were observed for the next subsequent 4 time points. Clusters of voxels with increasing FA (red clusters) were identified at the site of an acute T1 lesion (not shown) and also superiorly in NAWM voxels related by fiber tracking (yellow arrow). This suggests the possibility of acute NAWM changes and improvement related to acute lesions. Clusters of voxels with decreased FA (blue clusters) were found in NAWM (blue arrow), which were connected by fiber tracking to a chronic T1 lesion (blue arrow) possibly degeneration of NAWM undetectable by conventional imaging. These results illustrate the richness of information that can be investigated with this methodology.
Heat Waves and Its Impact on Crop Production and Mitigation Techniques: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Globally, heat waves are getting worse and more common. India experienced its warmest March and April on record, with maximum and minimum temperatures unusually rising in most of the nation. In 10 out of the 36 meteorological subdivisions during this time, the extreme temperatures were found to be higher by +8 to +10.8°C and the rainfall lower by -60 to -99 percent, respectively, compared to normal. Additionally, 2022 will be remembered as a prime example of the combined effects of high temperatures and low rainfall on agricultural production systems, particularly in northern and central India. Climate variability and change have an impact on India's agricultural production. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, abnormally high maximum and minimum temperatures in 2022 had an impact on livestock, crops, and fruits and vegetables. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Maharashtra, as well as Jammu and Kashmir. The heat wave coincided with the wheat crop's grain filling and development stage, causing the grain to yellow and shrivel, forcing it to mature, and lowering yields by 15 to 25 percent. A variety of technologies are available to reduce the yield loss in wheat caused by a heat wave, and some of them have been implemented on farmer fields. As compared to the local variety HD-3086, several heat-tolerant wheat varieties, including PBW 803, DBW 187, and DBW 222, can withstand high temperatures while still producing normal yields.
Strategies for leaching and agricultural use of saline lands under conditions of water shortage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An analysis of the authors' experimental data on land leaching from salinization was carried out. The regularity of specific water consumption for salt leaching is assessed depending on the degree of soil salinization and negative environmental factors when leaching the soil with a layer of water. It is shown that leaching at high rates reduces soil fertility indices (NPK). The results of studies of alternative innovative methods of soil desalination and agricultural use of lands subject to salinization are presented. Soil desalination technologies that ensure enhanced salt leaching and water savings are considered: leaching against the background of deep soil loosening and the use of a local preparation containing an organic acid. The data of experiments with microbiological preparations produced in Uzbekistan, adapted to soil salinization and ensuring crop yields, are presented.
The Colditz Myth

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Though only one among hundreds of prison camps in which British servicemen were held between 1939 and 1945, Colditz enjoys unparalleled name recognition both in Britain and in other parts of the English-speaking world. Made famous in print, on film, and through television, Colditz remains a potent symbol of key virtues-including ingenuity and perseverance against apparently overwhelming odds-that form part of the popular mythology surrounding the British war effort in World War II. Colditz has played a major role in shaping perceptions of the prisoner-of-war experience in Nazi Germany, an experience in which escaping is assumed to be paramount and 'Outwitting the Hun' a universal sport. This book chronicles the development of the Colditz myth and puts what happened inside the castle in the context of British and Commonwealth POW life in Germany as a whole. Being a captive of the Third Reich-from the moment of surrender down to the day of liberation and repatriation-was more complicated and a good deal tougher than the popular myth would suggest. The physical and mental demands of survival far outweighed escaping activity in order of importance in most camps almost all of the time, and even in Colditz the reality was in some respects very different from the almost Boy's Own caricature that developed during the post-war decades. This book seeks to place Colditz-both the camp and the legend-in a wider historical context.
Practices and perceptions in learning Araling Panlipunan using modular distance learning approach among Grade 9 students: Input to the preparation of supplementary learning materials

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The key purpose of this research was to find out the modular distance learning approach practices employed by the Araling Panlipunan teachers, perceptions as to teaching and learning using this approach and the challenges encountered by the Grade 9 students of an integrated school in the Philippines. The study was descriptive type. Random sampling was used with a sample size of 99 Grade 9 students enrolled in SY 2022-2023. The data were collected and analyzed using weighted mean and percentage. The result scores shows that the support given by the Araling Panlipunan Teachers gave them the motivation to finish their modules, they are well-oriented as to the teaching and learning processes in this learning modality and the content of the module was the major challenge that they faced in this new set up.
Flow-Based Modeling for Enhancing Seismic Resilience of Water Supply Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern urban societies depend greatly on water supply systems for economic prosperity, public health, security, and quality of life. Uninterrupted water supply is even more important during times of natural calamities such as earthquakes. Seismic hazards during past earthquakes have caused significant damage to buried pipelines rendering the water systems dysfunctional. This paper presents a flow-based metric for assessing and enhancing water supply resilience against the seismic hazard of liquefaction-induced settlement. The proposed resilience metric is demonstrated considering a water supply network in a coastal region in South Carolina. Seismic settlement is evaluated using an available liquefaction potential map. Evolutionary optimization techniques are employed to identify the optimal set of pipeline replacement strategies to enhance seismic resilience of the selected water supply network. The computational tools employed include the igraph package in R software, the EPANET and its toolkit, and the MATLAB programming environment. The presented framework along with the results will be useful to utility departments that manage pipeline systems in earthquake-prone regions.
The interface to morphology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines the place of morphology in the LFG architecture. The chapter assumes a modular view of the morphological component, in line with the overall modular architecture of LFG: the morphological component has its own internal structure and obeys universal and language particular constraints on word formation that need not be shared by other levels of structure. According to this model, the morphological component associates a word form with a set of features representing the morphological structure and grammatical contribution of the word; these features are interpreted at the interface of morphology with the rest of the grammar, producing the lexical entry for the word form. This view fits well with a realizational theory of morphology; the proposals are compatible not only with explicitly paradigm-based models, but with any morphological theory which relates words to feature sets encoding their grammatical properties and structure, including finite state theories of morphology.
Gramineous weeds near paddy fields are alternative hosts for the Fusarium graminearum species complex that causes fusarium head blight in rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of gramineous weeds present near paddy fields as alternative hosts for the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) that causes fusarium head blight (FHB) in rice. A total of 142 weed samples were collected from 10 gramineous weed species near paddy fields from August to October 2018 in Jiangsu Province, China. Of the 145 isolates of seven Fusarium species isolated from the weed samples, F. asiaticum was the most abundant (86.9%), followed by F. fujikuroi (5.5%), F. proliferatum (2.8%), F. graminearum (2.1%), F. tricinctum (1.4%), F. acuminatum (0.7%), and F. sporotrichioides (0.7%). Genotype and mycotoxin analyses confirmed that 72.2% of F. asiaticum isolates were producers of deoxynivalenol (DON) with 3‐acetyl deoxynivalenol (3ADON), and the remainder were nivalenol (NIV) producers. Pathogenicity assays showed that both 3ADON and NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum could cause FHB in rice, but NIV chemotypes were significantly ( p < .05) more aggressive than 3ADON chemotypes. Three Fusarium mycotoxins, DON, NIV, and zearalenone, occurred naturally at low concentrations in the weed samples. Taken together, this study provides insight into the mycotoxin production and aggressiveness of F. asiaticum isolates from gramineous weeds in China.