jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Full frequency-dependent modelling of underground cables for electromagnetic transient analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A major difficulty in multiphase cable modelling with traditional electromagnetic transient program like the EMTP is the synthesis of the frequency-dependent transformation matrices that relate modal and phase domain variables. Although much effort has been devoted in the last several decades to solve this problem, we believe that the best solution is to completely eliminate the necessity of the frequency-dependent transformation matrices. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an accurate and stable model to simulate the behavior of underground cable systems under transient conditions. This thesis presents a new cable model (zCable model), which separates the representation of the wave propagation into two parts: a constant ideal propagation, which parameters depend only on the geometry of the cable configurations, and a frequency-dependent distortion, which depends on the skin effect. This approach permits the representation of the frequency.-dependent part of the parameters directly in phase coordinates and avoids the difficulties related to frequencydependent transformation matrices. A simultaneous curve-fitting procedure is introduced to synthesize each element of the phase-domain frequency-dependent loss impedance matrix with rational function approximations in the frequency domain. After synthesizing each element of the loss impedance matrix by the proposed procedure, the fitted functions show a very good agreement with the original ones. By synthesizing each element of the impedance matrix simultaneously, the new technique avoids the numerical stability issues of traditional procedures. A "pi-circuit" correction is proposed to solve the problem of different travelling times in the ideal line propagation. This approach makes the travelling times of all modes identical to one another in the modal domain and avoids the linear interpolation process used in the traditional multiphase line and cable models; By avoiding this interpolation process, a much larger integration time step At can be used without loss of accuracy, which results in considerable savings in computational time. The thesis presents a number of simulations where the behavior of the new zCable model is compared with that of the established JMARTI (FD line) and LMARTI (FDQ cable) models. These simulations show a very good agreement between the zCable model and the very accurate cable model - LMARTI model. The main advantage of the proposed model compared to existing full frequency-dependent transformation matrix models is the new model's absolute numerical stability for any kind of asymmetrical cable configurations and for arbitrary fault conditions. In addition, the new model parameters can be obtained with robust algorithms and the model can be efficiently implemented in the context of the realtime PC-cluster simulator developed by the power systems research group at UBC.
Comparison of Sample Preparation and Determination of 60 Veterinary Drug Residues in Flatfish Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was performed to optimize the analytical method for multi-residues of 60 compounds in flatfish samples. Three sample preparation methods were tested to identify the optimal recovery conditions for target analytes. As a result, 10 mL of water/acetonitrile (1:4, v/v) was used to extract analytes from fish samples. For purification, C18 and 10 mL of acetonitrile saturated hexane were used to treat the samples. After evaporation and reconstitution, the fish samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method was validated according to the CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL-71). Our results showed the recoveries of 73.2%–115% and coefficients of variation of 1.6%–22.1%. The limit of quantification was 0.0005–0.005 mg/kg in the fishery products. In analysis of real samples, no samples exceeded the limit of quantification. This analytical method can be used for multi-residue screening and confirmation of the residues of veterinary drugs in fishery products.
Are We Moving the Needle for Patients with TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The currently available therapeutic options for patients with TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are insufficient, as they translate to a median overall of only 6–9 months, and less than 10% of patients undergoing the most aggressive treatments, such as intensive induction therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, will be cured. The lack of clear differences in outcomes with different treatments precludes the designation of a standard of care. Recently, there has been growing attention on this critical area of need by way of better understanding the biology of TP53 alterations and the disparities in outcomes among patients in this molecular subgroup, reflected in the development and testing of agents with novel mechanisms of action. Promising preclinical and efficacy data exist for therapies that are directed at the p53 protein rendered dysfunctional via mutation or that inhibit the CD47/SIRPα axis or other immune checkpoints such as TIM-3. In this review, we discuss recently attractive and emerging therapeutic agents, their preclinical rationale and the available clinical data as a monotherapy or in combination with the currently accepted backbones in frontline and relapsed/refractory settings for patients with TP53-mutated AML.
Comparative Skeletopy of the Mammalians Lumbar Spinal Cord

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The spinal cord is the most phylogenetically ancient part of the central nervous system. The more rapid growth of the spine in relation to the spinal cord in ontogenesis leads to the fact that in adult mammals some segments of the spinal cord are shifted ro strally in relation to the eponymous vertebrae, which is called ascension of the spinal cord. Based on literature data, we compared the skeletotopy of the lumbar spinal cord of 17 species of mammals. In 4 species, we also compared the skeletotopy of newborn and adult animals. The ratio of the length of the L2 segment to the length of the VL2 vertebra and the number of the vertebra in which the 29th segment of the spinal cord is located, characterizing the degree of ascension, were determined. Based on literature data, we determined characteristics frequently used in comparative studies: finger dexterity and encephalization coefficient. It has been shown that different species differ to a greater extent in the relative length of the rostral lumbar segments, and within the same species, newborns differ from adults in the relative length of the caudal lumbar segments. For most species, the degree of spinal cord ascension significantly positively correlates with finger dexterity and the encephalization coefficient. The considered macroanatomical characteristics of the spinal cord may be used to analyze the relationships between adaptive mechanisms in various mammalian species.
The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a NF-κB-regulated gene, is a survival factor for thyroid neoplastic cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

NF-κB is constitutively activated in primary human thyroid tumors, particularly in those of anaplastic type. The inhibition of NF-κB activity in the human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line, FRO, leads to an increased susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis and to the blockage of their ability to form tumors in nude mice. To identify NF-κB target genes involved in thyroid cancer, we analyzed the secretome of conditioned media from parental and NF-κB-null FRO cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a protein involved in inflammatory and immune responses, is secreted by FRO cells whereas its expression is strongly reduced in the NF-κB-null FRO cells. NGAL is highly expressed in human thyroid carcinomas, and knocking down its expression blocks the ability of FRO cells to grow in soft agar and form tumors in nude mice. These effects are reverted by the addition of either recombinant NGAL or FRO conditioned medium. In addition, we show that the prosurvival activity of NGAL is mediated by its ability to bind and transport iron inside the cells. Our data suggest that NF-κB contributes to thyroid tumor cell survival by controlling iron uptake via NGAL.
The Carbon Nanotubes Effect into Single-lap Joint Failure Modes and Load Capacity: a Macromechanical Analysis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the influence of the adhesive (epoxy resin) thickness and the dispersions of non-functionalized carbon based nanostructures (carbon nanotubes - CNT) on mechanical properties of single-lap bonded joints. To achieve this goal, three CNT concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% m/m); and three different bondline thicknesses (0.05 mm, 0.15 mm and 0.40 mm) were evaluated. The mechanical properties were measured using the apparent shear tensile test, based on ASTM D5868. The results showed that the addition of 1.0 wt% CNTs improved the interface strength, leading to an increase on delaminated areas in failure region up to 55.36% and also improving the peak force up to 13.85%. Decrease in adhesive thickness from 0.40 mm to 0.05 mm promoted a stress redistribution inside adhesive layer improving the peak force up to 13.91%. CNT seems to promote changes in failure modes, light fiber tear (LFT) failure significantly increases up to 45.96%, indicating that interface strength between adhesive and adherent was improved.
Impact of a Labour Disruption Affecting Local Public Health on the Incidence of Chlamydia Infections in Toronto

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Labour disruptions that interrupt services can be a natural experiment to examine the effect of halting a program. A five-week municipal labour disruption in Toronto during the summer of 2009 provided an opportunity to investigate the impact of reduced sexual health services. METHODS: We examined the incidence of reported chlamydia in Toronto during the five years (2004–2008) preceding the labour disruption and during the periods just before, during, and after the labour disruption. Comparisons of actual reports for 2009 were made to immediately adjacent periods around the labour disruption, to historical trends and to forecasted rates. Interrupted time series analysis was used to test for significant differences in the trend of reported chlamydia incidence. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the trend of reported chlamydia incidence around the time of the strike. However, there was a small but significant increase in the incidence of reported chlamydia, particularly among females under 25 years old immediately following the labour disruption. The reported incidence for this group was higher than would be expected based on annual increases and projected seasonal trends. CONCLUSIONS: There was a small increase in incidence of reported cases of chlamydia for certain groups that went beyond what is expected during the time immediately following the labour disruption. While causation cannot be implied from our ecological study, public health services may play a role in the control of sexually transmitted infections, even in the short-term. This underscores the need for future work to understand whether the changes observed can be attributed to the absence of these services.
RFID Enabled Vehicular Network for Ubiquitous Travel Query

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fixed infrastructure based wireless network is very expensive to provide total coverage and offer ubiquitous communication capacity. RFID enabled Vehicular Network emerges as an alternative which can leverage mobile nodes to bridge the gap between information isolated islands. The mobility and low duty cycle activity of nodes may destroy the network connectivity. This paper proposes RFID Enabled Vehicular Network for Ubiquitous Travel Query over Mobile Relay Network (MRN) to facilitate the needed information access for drivers on the road. The ubiquitous service is introduced and the performance of the successful information query is evaluated based on the computing model and network simulation. The results of evaluation and the real experiences of this service validate the feasibility of the system.
Color-center formation and thermal recovery in X-ray and electron-irradiated magnesium aluminate spinel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the formation of color centers in magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) by X-ray and electron irradiations near room temperature (RT). For this purpose, Cu Kα radiation and three electron energies (1.0, 1.4, and 2.5 MeV) were used for variable fluences (up to 4.2 × 1018 cm−2). Off-line UV-visible absorption spectra were recorded at RT as well as at low temperature down to 27 K after electron irradiation. The dependence of the production rate of F centers (oxygen vacancies) on the electron energy yields a threshold displacement energy of 190 ± 10 eV for oxygen atoms at RT, which is much higher than the determinations by molecular-dynamics simulations. Such a discrepancy is discussed on the basis of available migration data of point defects in spinel. Equipartition of F0 and F+ centers, i.e., the neutral (VOx) and singly ionized (VO.) oxygen vacancies, is reached for high electron fluences. Moreover, the evolution of the width of color-center absorption bands versus temperature is interpreted with the classical theory for F centers (neutral halogen vacancies) in alkali halides. The Stokes shifts are deduced from the temperature dependence of the absorption bandwidths of color centers like for alkali halides and alkaline-earth oxides. Finally, isothermal annealing data for long annealing time show a non-zero asymptotic behavior for both F0 and F+ centers. This uncommon behavior is interpreted by charge exchange processes leading to an equilibrium state between those two color centers.
L’identità percepita: applicare la Grounded Theory in biblioteca

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

L'applicazione della Grounded Theory alle indagini finalizzate ad approfondire l'identità della biblioteca percepita dagli utenti è illustrata attraverso uno studio su quattro biblioteche del sistema bibliotecario comunale di Perugia. Inaugurata alla fine degli anni Sessanta, è una metodologia di ricerca sociale e un insieme di procedure capaci di generare sistematicamente una teoria fondata sui dati. È uno dei metodi interpretativi che mirano a descrivere i significati attribuiti ai fenomeni in esame, risultando particolarmente adatta all’esplorazione dei processi sociali e psicologici sottostanti. I dati passano attraverso le tre fasi di codifica - aperta, assiale, selettiva - e sono spesso elaborati con CAQDAS (Computer Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software). In biblioteca, la metodologia GT è fondamentale per la piena comprensione dello "scarto" rappresentato da ciò che viene realmente fatto dal bibliotecario e ciò che viene percepito dall'utente. La ricerca nelle biblioteche perugine, condotta attraverso focus group e interviste semi-strutturate, ha portato in primo luogo alla consapevolezza che il concetto che l'utente ha della biblioteca è legato più al "luogo" e allo "spazio" piuttosto che al "servizio". Inoltre, le esigenze riscontrate durante la ricerca riguardano primariamente i campi che si occupano del coinvolgimento dell'utente, del rapporto della biblioteca con la scuola, dell'innovazione, della promozione di collezioni a scaffale aperto, della vivacità culturale, e degli aspetti logistico-architettonici.
Leadership Behaviors of Superintendent/Principals in Small, Rural School Districts in Texas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, 206 teachers, 35 school board presidents, and 37 superintendents/principals (n = 278) were surveyed regarding their views of effective leadership behaviors demonstrated by school leaders with dual role responsibilities through serving as both a school principal and as a superintendent in small rural school districts. Data were collected through use of the Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire Form XII and the Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire Form XII Self. Of the 12 leadership domains assessed through use of this measure, statistically significant differences were yielded on 6 of the 12 leadership areas: Representation; Demand Reconciliation; Tolerance of Uncertainty; Persuasiveness; Initiation of Structure; and Role Assumption. Superintendents/principals reported lower scores in these areas than did teachers and/or school board presidents. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Polarization transfer invariants at 0° in nuclear reactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Polarization transfer measurements at forward angles have been used to detect and extract strengths of spin-dependent excitations in nuclei. It was recently demonstrated experimentally and proved theoretically that a rotationally invariant quantity constructed from the polarization transfer coefficients for nucleon-nucleus scattering takes a unique value at 0° for unnatural parity transitions. For natural parity transitions the value of the invariant provides a measure of the spin-flip mixture in the transition. The present contribution extends the above result to general inclusive nuclear reactions A(a,b)B with arbitrary projectile/ejectile spins and target excitations. The result gives a relation between the set of invariant values and that of the target spin-flip transition strengths.
Enhancing thermal decomposition in cylindrical reactors: A finite element analysis of thermal aspects and fluid dynamics for thermosensitive, exothermic compounds

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

_This work numerically investigates the thermal decomposition of compound A in a thermosensitive exothermic cylindrical reactor. The study primarily focuses on the influence of the reactor's configuration and heating temperature on its total performance. Simulations of reactors with 2, 4, 6, and 8 hot cylinders are performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 and finite element analysis, taking the heating temperatures as 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C using an activation energy of 70 kJ/mol with an initial fluid velocity of 0.001 m/s. The results depicted that at 50 °C, the performance of the 4-cylinder reactor was the best; indeed, the exit concentration of reactant 'A' compared to that in the 2-cylinder reactor was decreased by 20.42 %, and the reaction rate of 25.5 mol/m3.s proved high conversion efficiency along with favorable thermal conditions. The 4-cylinder reactor showed better performance against all other reactors, namely the 6-cylinder and 8-cylinder reactors, through both reaction rate and conversion efficiency. Also, the cylinder size variation analysis for the 4-cylinder reactor shows that increasing the radius (Rcyl) of the cylinder from 2 mm to 4 mm gave a higher exit temperature of 56.332 °C, a 74.63 % reduction in the exit concentration of 'A' compared to a cylinder size of 2 mm, while the competitive reaction rate becomes 26.1 mol/m3.s. Although the reaction rate for the 4 mm radius cylinder was somewhat lower than that for the 2 mm radius, the larger size managed heat much more effectively, and the 4-cylinder reactor with a 4 mm radius at 50 °C was the most optimal configuration. This setup provides the best balance of high reaction rates, efficient conversion, and effective thermal conditions for thermal decomposition, offering significant insights into reactor design optimization.
The Effectiveness of Online Learning on Perceived Motivation and Engagement on Working Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is the key to the passing on of the human flame, and after the baptism of the Covid-19 epidemic, the civilization of human society is still shining in history after all the trials and tribulations. In the present era after the epidemic, along with the development of Internet education and the experience of online teaching in the previous epidemic emergency, the booming development of online education has become an irreversible torrent of the times. It has also been proved that online learning has many benefits compared with traditional face-to-face classroom teaching methods, and at the same time, it also faces many challenges. This chapter explores the current situation and prospects of online learning by combining the literature and conducting a survey study at the same time to visualize the attitudes of working students towards online learning methods. This study is constructed on the basis of self-attribution theory, and through quantitative research, the authors obtained and analyzed data scales through online questionnaires, focusing on the motivation and engagement of educated people who have entered the workplace, so as to find out how to improve the effectiveness of online learning, and to provide a reference direction for the improvement of online education in the future.
Synthesis and Characterization of Europium Complex Nanowire

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new compound of benzyl 2-{2-[ethyl(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethoxy}-1,1-bis{2-[ethyl(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethoxymethyl}ethylcarbamate (L) was synthesized. The Eu(III) complex nanowires were fabricated by a template method and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and TEM. The longer luminescence lifetime was found for the Eu(III) complex nanowire in comparison with that of Eu(III) complex powder which is prepared by deposition reaction in solvent.
Development of the Trout Trail of the Virginias

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract\nDespite the competitive advantage of trophy trout fishing venues in Virginia and West Virginia, there has historically been little cooperation between vendors. Our West Virginia University team worked with fishing-related tourism providers in the two states to gauge interest in developing a marketing cooperative for the industry. Over 30 tourism providers attended an initial exploratory meeting at Douthat State Park in Virginia and showed overwhelming support for developing a marketing cooperative to increase business and protect their investments in fish and fishing streams. This allied group included trophy trout fishing venues, guide services, lodges, and trout producers. Eight of the meeting participants, five from Virginia and three from West Virginia, agreed to start a cooperative marketing organization. Via electronic surveys (designed and administered using the Delphi process), the core members reached consensus on a name (Trout Trail of the Virginias or TTV), slogan, website address, membership benefits, and organizational structure.