jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical support for the use of artificial intelligence at university

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction . In the modern world, artificial intelligence is becoming more widespread and it is widely used in many areas of life, including education. Readiness to use artificial intelligence in professional activities is becoming one of the important conditions for a successful career.Purpose setting. This study is aimed at identifying the possibilities of pedagogical support for students when studying and using artificial intelligence at a university, including, first of all, creating motivation for the meaningful use of this technology. Methodology and methods of the study . During the research process, Russian and foreign scientific and methodological literature was analyzed, observations and surveys were conducted in groups of students. Results . As a result of the study, factors in the development of students’ motivation to study and use artificial intelligence in educational and professional activities were identified and described. The stages, principles and approaches, content and methods of pedagogical support for students in the process of studying and using artificial intelligence are proposed. The results of the work on this topic allowed the authors to propose possible directions for research into the integration of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational field. Conclusion . Artificial intelligence technology, already familiar to students as part of the educational process should acquire the features of not only a teaching tool, but also a means of self-development and more effective professional activity. Expanding the meaning of artificial intelligence from exclusively everyday to educational and professional is the main task of pedagogical support.
Imprecise Credences and Acceptance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Elga (2010) argues that no plausible decision rule governs action with imprecise credences. I follow Moss (2015a) in claiming that the solution to Elga’s challenge is found in the philosophy of mind, not in devising a special new decision rule. Moss suggests that in decision situations that involve imprecise credences, we must identify with a precise credence, but she says little about identification. By reflecting on the common conception of identification and on what is necessary for Moss’s solution to succeed, I argue that identifying with a precise credence is fundamentally accepting (in the sense of Bratman 1992; Cohen 1989) a proposition about probabilities. The norm on action with imprecise credences is then a special case of the general norm on action and acceptance. I delineate a number of attractive features of this position.
Control scheme of voltage sag compensator using bi-directional DC/DC converter of double-layer capacitor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel voltage sag compensator with bi-directional DC/DC converter of double-layer capacitor is proposed. Recently, the double-layer capacitor which has drawn attention as a new energy storage element has a lot of advantage such as no maintenance, long lifetime, and quick charge/discharge characteristics with large current. This capacitor is attached to the DC link of voltage sag compensator system through the high-efficiency DC/DC converter in order to compensate the DC link voltage drop during short-term power interruption as voltage sags. This DC/DC converter is used to control the charging current to the double-layer capacitor and also used to keep the DC link voltage constant for discharge of the double-layer capacitor. Therefore, the proposed DC/DC converter has the high-efficiency controller, dynamic compensator of voltage sag is driven by this converter. Finally, simulation and experimental results show the validity of the control scheme and the ability of the voltage compensator.
Detection of an invasive plant (Cissus verticillata) in the largest mangrove system on the eastern Pacific coast—a remote sensing approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The identification and monitoring of invasive plant species utilizing spaceborne sensors have posed substantial challenges over the past few decades, mainly due to a scarcity of state-of-the-art sensors, limited digital processing capabilities, and the presence of a phenological spectral feature that is not readily detectable by conventional methods. The invasive plant Cissus verticillata , first detected in 2017, has affected the largest mangrove system on the eastern Pacific coast—Marismas Nacionales—spreading rapidly and aggressively through the mangrove canopy, and causing degradation and even mortality, mainly of Rhizophora mangle , by obstructing the sunlight over the canopy. The purpose of this study was to isolate the multispectral signal from Cissus verticillata by using a cloud computing approach with Google Earth Engine and generate a comprehensive map of the entire mangrove system by means of a novel dense time series of Sentinel-2 data. Results indicate that the optimal period for detecting Cissus verticillata is between October and December. Furthermore, this species is expanding its range along the riverbanks in the central region of Marismas Nacionales, with its coverage increasing from 426.16 ha in 2019 to 838.08 ha in 2021. These areas were verified with a field endeavor and have signified a substantial development, given that the plant had not been previously identified in this region with conventional field methods due to logistical constraints. The findings and approach of this study will contribute to the decision-making required to manage this invasive plant.
Türkiye'de üretilen beyaz peynirlerde listeria innocua'nın üretimi ve depolama süresine bağlı olarak canlılığı ve kontrolü.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth and survival of L. innocua and TAC in artificially inoculated Turkish White Cheese during manufacturing and storage periods, with respect to different level of contamination of L. innocua were investigated. Cheese products were manufactured by the short-set procedure in pilot-plant-sized vats, as in AOÇ dairy factory. Pasteurized cow̕s milk was inoculated with L. innocua for obtaining the initial loads of 3.84 and 7.12 log CFU/ml. Bacterial load of inoculated milk, whey, post-ripened curd and post-salted cheese was determined during processing at 20±5ðC. Cheeses were stored in 16% saline solution at 4 ± 2ðC for up to 45 days. Samples were taken from each treatment and analysed on 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 days. Total decrease of L. innocua in Turkish White Cheese with each inoculum dose was approximately 2 logs during the storage period. L. innocua values were also compared with TAC values. The results had shown that, if pasteurization is not as sufficient as to kill this bacteria in contaminated raw milk, or if there is post-process contamination, Listeria can survive during the manufacture and storage, although they decrease in number. Storage (ripening) period for consumption of cheeses should be at least 90 and 178 days, in low and high inoculum dose, respectively. Physico-chemical properties of cheese as pH, acidity, salt, fat, moisture contents during storage period were determined. Salt concentration, pH value and storage temperature had a cumulative bactericidal effect on microorganisms. In this respect, effect of implementing HACCP method on reducing the Listerial contamination of Turkish White Cheese was determined for checking the quality problems in a cheese plant and for directing the companies as a guide.
India: 2010 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study, economic developments of India are discussed. Growth is among the fastest-growing in the world, social indicators are improving, and medium-term economic prospects are favorable. The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) efforts are used to tighten monetary conditions. The measures taken to increase the availability of long-term finance for infrastructure, especially, are helping to develop the corporate bond market. Executive Directors commended the introduction of the RBI’s financial stability report, the review of financial laws, and the creation of financial stability and development council.
Handling the Imbalanced Problem in Agri-Food Data Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Imbalanced data situations exist in most fields of endeavor. The problem has been identified as a major bottleneck in machine learning/data mining and is becoming a serious issue of concern in food processing applications. Inappropriate analysis of agricultural and food processing data was identified as limiting the robustness of predictive models built from agri-food applications. As a result of rare cases occurring infrequently, classification rules that detect small groups are scarce, so samples belonging to small classes are largely misclassified. Most existing machine learning algorithms including the K-means, decision trees, and support vector machines (SVMs) are not optimal in handling imbalanced data. Consequently, models developed from the analysis of such data are very prone to rejection and non-adoptability in real industrial and commercial settings. This paper showcases the reality of the imbalanced data problem in agri-food applications and therefore proposes some state-of-the-art artificial intelligence algorithm approaches for handling the problem using methods including data resampling, one-class learning, ensemble methods, feature selection, and deep learning techniques. This paper further evaluates existing and newer metrics that are well suited for handling imbalanced data. Rightly analyzing imbalanced data from food processing application research works will improve the accuracy of results and model developments. This will consequently enhance the acceptability and adoptability of innovations/inventions.
Tissue-specific regulation of lipoprotein lipase by isoproterenol in normal-weight humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a hydrolytic enzyme, involved in lipoprotein metabolism and nutrient partitioning, that is subject to tissue-specific regulation. Evidence for divergent regulation of the lipase by insulin has been demonstrated, but alterations in the tissue-specific response of LPL to catecholamines has not been studied in humans. The regulation of LPL in gluteal adipose tissue and vastus lateralis muscle by isoproterenol (epinephrine isopropyl homologue) in humans was examined over 2 h in subjects infused with 0 (saline) or 8 or 24 ng.kg-1.min-1 isoproterenol. The infusion of normal saline into control subjects failed to alter adipose tissue or skeletal muscle LPL activity. However, in the saline-infused subjects there was a positive correlation between the percent change in plasma norepinephrine concentrations and the percent change in muscle LPL activity (r = 0.826, P < 0.05). Isoproterenol infusion did not change LPL in either adipose tissue or muscle compared with saline-infused controls, but plasma insulin levels in addition to plasma glucose, free fatty acids, and glycerol were increased. To prevent the isoproterenol-induced hyperinsulinemia, a pancreatic clamp technique was utilized. An increase in muscle LPL was demonstrated (P = 0.037) with no change in adipose tissue LPL. The change in muscle LPL activity after the 2-h infusion correlated with the change in muscle mRNA (P = 0.021). Overall, these studies indicate that in humans the response of LPL to catecholamines is tissue specific with no effect in adipose tissue but a stimulation in skeletal muscle. Endogenous regulation of LPL in muscle by catecholamines could be important in muscle fuel metabolism and could relate to effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and/or fatty acids at the level of the LPL gene.
Hepatitis C virus in people with serious mental illness: an analysis of the care cascade at a tertiary health service with a pilot ‘identify and treat’ strategy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background People with serious mental illness (SMI) are underserved from a hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment perspective. Aims To examine the HCV care cascade in people with SMI and to pilot a supported HCV treatment integration programme. Methods HCV prevalence was retrospectively analysed from 4492 consecutive individuals admitted to a tertiary hospital mental health service between January 2017 and December 2018. Subcohort analysis of screening patterns and predictors of seropositive infection was performed. Referral pathways and community care integration were analysed for HCV‐positive individuals, and a prospective community‐based ‘identify and treat’ HCV programme was assessed. Results Screening for HCV had been performed in 18.6% (835/4492) of the cohort. Seroprevalence was 4.6% (207/4492). HCV seropositivity was associated with age >40 years (odds ratio (OR) = 9.30; confidence interval (CI) 3.69–23.45; P < 0.01), injecting drug use (OR = 24.26; CI 8.99–65.43; P < 0.01) and previous incarceration (OR = 12.26; CI 4.51–33.31; P < 0.01). In a cohort of treatment‐eligible individuals, 43.3% (90/208) had neither been referred to specialist services or general practitioners for HCV management. Amongst those referred to specialist services, 64.7% (57/88) did not attend scheduled follow up, and 48.3% (15/31) of attendees were lost to follow up. Through an intensified community access programme, 10 people were successfully treated for HCV, although 22 could not be engaged. Conclusion People with SMI are underserved by traditional models of HCV healthcare. Intensified community‐based support can partially bolster the treatment cascade, although investment in innovative screening and management strategies are required to achieve healthcare parity.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy with unexpected peri-operative complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is a rare rapidly growing, expansile, locally aggressive pigmented neoplasm of neural crest origin and usually encountered in children below 1 year of age in the anterior maxillary region. MNTI is documented as benign neoplasm, but occasional tumours exhibit malignant behaviour with lymph nodal metastasis. Although most of these cases are treated successfully, there is a chance of recurrence in tumours without clear margin which varies from 10% to 50%. In isolated cases, death occurs due to advanced stage of the disease with recurrence and malignant transformation. Here, we report the rare case of MNTI of the left maxilla diagnosed in a 5-month-old boy basing on cytological and histopathological features and subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemical findings. The unexpected perioperative complications encountered in this case in the form of difficulty in airway access, post-surgery pulmonary complications, multi- organ dysfunction, sepsis and other related issues are discussed here which have never been documented in any literature.
Cultural Transactions: An Introduction to Medieval Seals from a Global Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When considering metals, in book XXXIII of his Natural History, Pliny the Elder (d.79 CE) broached the topic of sealing:For my own part, I do not find that any rings were used in the days of the Trojan War; at all events, Homer nowhere makes mention of them; for although he speaks of the practice of sending tablets by way of letter, of clothes and gold and silver plate being kept laid up in chests, still he gives us to understand that they were kept secure by the aid of a knot tied fast, and not under a seal impressed by a ring.… And even at the present day, the greater part of the nations known to us, peoples who are living under the Roman sway, are not in the habit of wearing rings.Neither in the countries of the East, nor in Egypt, is any use made of seals, the people being content with simple writing only. 1 Pliny's remarks are not entirely accurate but his perception that the use of seals was sporadic and culturally contingent, rather than sequential and universal, contrasts sharply with the modern understanding of the practice.The use of seals, both for authenticating and closing, descends, in unbroken succession, from the cylindrical seals of Assyria and Babylon and the cone shaped ones of Persia and the Sassanians, through the scarabs of the Egyptians and Etruscans, to Greece … .Either from Greece or Asia Minor, the seal passed to the Romans ... The Frankish kings … affixed a signet to their acts, thus forming the connecting link between the use of the signet by the Romans and its revival as a seal in mediaeval times. 2 Thus wrote Charles Hunter Blair (d.1962) in an excellent article informed by his deep knowledge of medieval seals acquired while cataloging the seals attached to the 1 Pliny the Elder, The Natural History,
A Novel Three-Phase Multilevel Inverter Using Less Number of Switches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract-A novel three phase multilevel inverter with a small number of switching devices is proposed. Large electrical drives and utility application require advanced power electronics converter to meet the high power demands. As a result, multilevel power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations. A multilevel converter not only achieves high power rating but also improves the performance of the whole system in terms of harmonics. In this paper the proposed inverter can output more numbers of voltage levels with reduced number of switches as compared to cascade H-bridge inverter, which results in reduction of installation cost and have simplicity of control system. Finally, the simulation and experimental results validate the concept of this new topology. Keywords-PWM, SPWM, Cascade H-bridge(CHB), matlab simulation, multilevel inverter. I.
Row spacing, cultivar and fungicide application affect the incidence of soybean stem blight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brazil is a major soybean production country and cultivate yearly more than 36 million hectares. Several factors have been reported reducing soybean production and occurrence of diseases is one of the most important. Some diseases such as the pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae) can limit soybean yield by shortening plant cycle and reducing seed quality. Field experiments were conducted aiming to evaluate the effect of row spacing, soybean cultivar and fungicide application on the incidence of pod and stem blight on soybean. The trial was carried out twice, with planting date at 11/15/2012 and 12/15/2012, in Planaltina-DF, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in a split-split plot scheme obeying the randomized block design. The factors evaluated were row spacing (42, 60 and 75 cm), soybean cultivars (“Syn1180RR” and “Syn1080RR”) and spray or not the fungicide Boscalid (500 g a.i./ha) at R1 and R3 soybean growth stages. Disease incidence was assessed on stems at the harvest time and on seeds after harvest and yield was estimated. Results obtained show that broader row spacing increased disease incidence on stems and seed, cultivar “Syn1180RR” was more susceptible than “Syn1080RR” and fungicide application reduced disease incidence. Pod and stem blight significantly reduced soybean yield.
PLAYING HURT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Professional football is, in terms of the risk of injury, a high-risk occupation. The objects of this study are to examine the ways in which professional footballers respond to and cope with injury and, in this context, we focus on the culture of `playing hurt' in football. The study involved semi-structured interviews with former and current professional footballers as well as interviews with club doctors and physiotherapists. The interviews focused centrally on the players' experiences of injury and rehabilitation, the attitudes of players, coaches/managers and others towards injury, and their relationships, particularly in the context of injury, with the club doctor and physiotherapist(s). Our findings indicate that incurring an injury has a number of well-understood meanings for players. The meanings associated with pain and injury, as well as the status of players who are unable to play because of injury, can only be fully understood by locating these shared meanings within the network of social relations characteristic of professional football. It is argued that the almost unrelenting pressure on players to continue playing through injury exacts a heavy cost from many players in terms of pain, injury and long-term chronic disability.
Chickpea diseases: Resistance-screening techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

More than 50 pathogens have been reported to affect chickpea \n(Cicer arietinum L.), an important legume crop in many parts of the tropics and subtropics. Several pathogens are of economic importance, particularly wilt, dry root rot, and Ascochyta blight. To assist plant breeders to develop disease-resistant material, techniques have been worked out and standardized \nat ICRISAT to screen germplasm and breeding material \non a routine basis. These techniques are described in detail, with ten color illustrations, and a nine-point rating scale is given to facilitate the identification of resistant breeding material.
Inverse discrete cosine transform architecture exploiting sparseness and symmetry properties

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel architecture for 2D IDCT is proposed, based on the sparseness property of 2D DCT coefficient matrix and the even and odd symmetry property of the basis vectors of the 1D DCT transform. The proposed architecture performs 2D IDCT directly on the 2D DCT coefficient matrix to avoid timing and area overheads of the transposition. We derive a recursion equation from the definition of the 2D IDCT algorithm and use it to design an efficient 2D IDCT architecture. The proposed architecture consists of highly regular, parallel and pipelined elements which are suitable for VLSI implementation. It is shown that the proposed architecture can achieve a high throughput rate and a low hardware complexity, when compared with other DCT-based IDCT architectures. Another important aspect is that the proposed architecture can provide an efficient way to control the trade-off between visual quality of the reconstructed image and computational complexity.
An adaptive hybrid force and position learning control of robot manipulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An adaptive position/force learning control scheme is presented for the constrained robot motion. The hybrid position/force control strategy is formulated in the framework of learning control methodology and the developed learning controller converges to the desired inverse dynamics as learning continues. The properties of the learning system: its pointwise convergence, the rejection of unexpected disturbances in the tangential direction of the constrained surface are also presented.< >
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High-altitude pulmonary edema occurs in mountaineers who ascend rapidly to heights of more than 2500 m. It is at the severe end of the spectrum of symptoms of acute mountain sickness, which include headache, insomnia, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, oliguria, and peripheral edema. Vigorous young men are most susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema. Other risk factors include strenuous exercise, cold weather, and recent respiratory tract infection. Those who have had high-altitude pulmonary edema in the past are likely to have it again. The symptoms and signs are cough, tachypnea, tachycardia, orthopnea, cyanosis, rales, and frothy pink sputum. Symptoms usually begin two . . .