jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2801: Identifying gut microbial determinants of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) in immunotherapy treated melanoma patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract INTRO: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with poor outcomes in those with non-hematologic cancers. CH mutated macrophages and neutrophils have increased capacity to home to peripheral tissues, driving local inflammation; they are also implicated in immunotherapy related toxicity. The relationship between CH and the microbiome in those treated with immunotherapy is not well understood. RESULTS: 35 patients with stage IV melanoma treated with upfront immunotherapy; treatment and cohort characteristics are below (Table 1). We performed error corrected duplex sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a panel previously validated for CH mutations. With a cutoff of 0.5% variant allele frequency (VAF), among 10 CHIP positive patients, we found mutations in TET2 (8/10), DNMT3A (7/10), PPM1D (2/10), and JAK2 (1/10). There was no difference in either survival or response based on CHIP status (Log-Rank Chi-Square p=0.44); however, CHIP positivity was associated with greater microbiome richness as measured by alpha diversity (p=0.0012 Shannon diversity) and distinct structural/compositional diversity vs CHIP negative patients as measured by beta diversity (p=0.032, R Squared= 0.045). We inferred KEGG pathway activity from whole genome sequencing and identified that CHIP positive patients were enriched for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis while CHIP negative patients had higher expression of nucleotide sugars biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways. DISCUSSION: In patients treated with immunotherapy for melanoma, microbiome diversity signatures correlate with presence of CHIP. The analysis suggests that there are distinct taxonomic and functional features defining CHIP positivity. The effect of these cells in the tumor microenvironment and their role in immunotherapy response requires further exploration. Citation Format: Eleanor A. Fallon, Samuel Urrutia, Reed Ayabe, Manoj Chelvanambi, Ashish Damania, Sarah Johnson, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Zongrui Li, Yongwoo David Seo, Samuel Cass, Matthew C. Wong, Nadim Ajami, Jennifer Wargo, Koichi Takahashi. Identifying gut microbial determinants of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) in immunotherapy treated melanoma patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2801.
Plasma Levels of Exogenous Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH) in Normal Subjects: Relationship to Endocrine and Behavioral Effects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasma levels of exogenous TRH were measured in eleven normal subjects. They were assessed as to their possible associations with the TRH disappearance rate in vivo, with the TSH and prolactin response, and with the behavioral (and side) effects of TRH. Max. levels of plasma TRH occurred consistently two minutes after injection of TRH (0.5 mg). They ranged from 8.1 to 75.1 ng/ml and were negatively correlated with the in vivo TRH disappearance rate. The latter, in turn, was positively correlated with such factors as height and body surface. Max. plasma TRH levels were not related to the magnitude of the TSH or prolactin response, or to the occurrence of behavioral effects. Nor were they related to the TRH-induced side effects although these effects occurred during the time of increasing TRH plasma levels.
Liver transplantation in children: part 1 - peri-operative issues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This two-part review provides a comprehensive summary of clinical and research literature on paediatric liver transplantation. Part 1 outlines the peri-operative issues of liver transplantation, covers a brief history, discusses the indications and methods of transplantation and outlines the physical complications which can occur either as a result of the surgery or the subsequent immunosuppressive therapy required to maintain graft integrity. Post-liver transplantation care may require prolonged admission in hospital due to the complications that can occur during surgery and as a result of immunosuppression. This can have a further impact on the emotional status of the child and family. Health care professionals in all settings require greater knowledge about paediatric liver transplantation, its associated complications and long-term health implications.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED IN FOOTBALL, ON THE LEVEL OF 1ST LEAGUE, IN ROMANIA

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The football game has become a real social phenomenon and an industry, at the same time. Turning this game in what it has become today has been possible based on using, in trainings and games, the latest information provided by the new systems of analysis and statistics, which allowed the deep knowledge of the components of the performance pattern. Out of the multitude of information acquired following the statistic analysis of the I League official games, we may assert that a quite advanced level of knowledge has been reached, allowing an objective and efficient orientation of the training process, so that the victories obtained in the official games should be a consequence of the trainings correctly designed and adapted according to the features of their own players, but also of the opponents. PANINI DIGITALSOCCER PROJECT submits to our attention a series of information and basic indexes referring to the global evolution of the teams, as well as an individualized analysis of the players and of the technical-tactical behavior. All this information is graphically structured and graded per time units (halves). Thus, this system provides general notions and groups the information according to the moments of the game (attack-defense), as follows: - General notions: game volume, ball circulation, game quality, positioning in the field; - Defensive stage: attitude, take back the ball, defense of their own goalpost; - Offensive stage: beginning of the action, play depth, game on sideways, etc; InStat Football, a new system of analysis and statistics used in the last years by the coaches and analysts of I League, proposes us a complex approach of the gathered information, as follows: - General information, presented "in the mirror", concerning the overall evolution of the teams: actions, duels, passages, possession, attacks; this information is structured per time but, most importantly, per field areas; - Information on the evolution of each player, individually analyzed, but by comparison to the opponent player, who played on the same position; Both systems of analysis provide sufficient and objective information, but we propose to determine the system that structures data in such manner so that they should not be mere statistic information, but also to determine the coach/analysis to reach fast and clear conclusions concerning the team's training in order to win the future match.
The Effect on Using Cells versus Spores of Bacillus Sphaericus on the Healing Performance of Self-Healing Mortar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bacteria-based self-healing concrete has become an effective approach to mitigate microcracks in the concrete structure. However, there are still doubts about when to use vegetative cells or spores of Bacillus sphaericus as a healing agent. Thus, this research aims to give recommendations regarding this choice. Spores and cells were encapsulated into expanded clay aggregate to protect them from the harsh environment of fresh mortar. The viability of cells and spores after encapsulation was investigated. The 28- and 90-day mortar compressive strength was analysed. The healing performance of the resulting mortar samples that were cracked at the age of 28 and 90 days has also been observed. The results show that both cells and spores were still active after encapsulation. The yeast extract added to mortar containing spores decreased the compressive strength of the mortar compared to the reference sample. From the healing performance result, it seems that the spores are more suitable for mitigating microcracks in aged mortar, while cells are more suitable for mitigating early-age cracks in the mortar.
Asset Building: integrating Research, Education and Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Asset building is an emerging concept in anti-poverty work in economically advanced nations. In the past, welfare states have defined poverty primarily in terms of income. While income is necessary to maintain consumption, saving and investment is also necessary if families and communities are to progress out of poverty over the long term. Asset building is a broad idea with many possible applications, including homeownership, microenterprise, and individual development accounts (IDAs). IDAs are matched saving accounts for low-wealth families. In this paper, the authors 1) describe asset building as a policy and practice innovation; 2) discuss results from two research projects, one on IDAs and a second on microenterprise; and 3) illustrate a strategy for education and advocacy. This work may serve as an example of simultaneous advances in research, education, and practice, wherein each aspect of the work is enriched by and contributes to the others. The strongest advances in social work proceed not by the separation of ideas, study, and application, but by their integration and mutual reinforcement.
WHY SOME CHILDREN ARE STILL ON STEROID BEYOND FIVE YEARS POST LIVER TRANSPLANTATION UNDER TACROLIMUS?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

897 Tacrolimus has been found to be extremely useful in primary pediatric liver transplantation (LTx). From our previous experience it was observed that about 80% of children could be weaned off successfully from steroid by the end of the first year post LTx. However this steroid free state has remained stable in subsequent 1 to 7 years follow up. Aim of the present study is to examine the immunosuppression in children who have survived beyond 5 years following primary LTx under tacrolimus. Material and Method: 166 consecutive children who receive primary LTx between Oct. 1989 and Dec. 1992 were included in the study. Mean age at the time of LTx was 5.44 ± 5.6 (range 0.1 to 17; median 2.9). All patients were followed until Nov. 98, mean follow-up 7.5 years (range 6 to 9). Patients were divided into three groups. Group I: no immunosuppression at all, Group II: tacrolimus alone and Group III tacrolimus + steroid. Results: Currently 141(84.9%) children are alive and available for the study. Group I: 13 children (9.2%) are completely off all immunosuppression for mean 5.49 ± 1.7 years (range 2.2 to 8; median 5.5). Group II: 97(68.8%) children are on tacrolimus alone. Group III: remaining 31 children (22%) are on tacrolimus plus steroid. In group III, 29 children were off steroid of which 7 were off all immunosuppressive agents (3 for weaning protocol, 3 for PTLD, 1 for suspected PTLD) and tacrolimus + steroid was reinstituted for rejection. In another 18 patients steroid was re-instituted for rise in hepatic enzyme after being off steroids, in many cases, for more than 5 years. Many were thought to be due to noncompliance. 3 children are on steroid for nephrotoxicity (2 of them received kidney transplants). Remaining 3 for miscellaneous reasons. Liver function, renal function, is shown in the table below. Mean dose of prednisone for group III currently is 6.6 ± 6mg/d (range 1.25 mg to 20; median 5).TableConclusion: Our experience shows, almost all children can be weaned off steroid following primary LTx under tacrolimus. However about one fifth may need to be re-instituted with steroid because of late rise in hepatic enzyme probably from non-compliance. Also one tenth of patients can stay without immunosuppression in long term with normal hepatic function.
Development of hBN/natural fibres reinforced polymer composites using grey relation grade analysis for thermal and electrical applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this work is to enhance the thermal conductivity and electrical properties of polymer hybrid composites through a systematic novel grey relation grade analysis (GRGA) optimization approach. This involves reinforcing the hybrid composites with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and various kinds of natural fibers or fillers. The development of a unique technology to produce multiphase composites using 2% of natural fibers or fillers such as coir fiber, rice husk filler, wood filler (WF), banana fiber (BF) and sugarcane fiber along with hBN (1, 3, 5 wt.%) particulates as reinforcements in epoxy matrix. The Taguchi L15 matrix array is utilized to fabricate interlaced composite samples via hand layup molding. Ultrasonic waves are used to ensure the uniform distribution of hBN filler into the matrix. Analysis of variance and GRGA reveal the significant results. It shows that the multiphase hybrid composites exhibit good thermal conductivity when higher content of hBN (5 wt.%) particulate for all the micro particulate polymer (MPP) composites. Multi-response optimization shows that the micro BF (2 wt.%) interlaces with hBN (5 wt.%) composite exhibits the higher thermal conductivity and electrical resistance compared to all other natural fiber interlaced composites. The aforementioned MPP composite has thermal conductivity of 1.03 W (m·K) −1 and electrical resistance of 279.88 Giga Ohms. Besides, the WF interlaced hBN (5 wt.%) composite shows the minimum dielectric constant compared to all other natural fiber composites. This desirable result is caused by the proper dispersion of hBN with the matrix which encourages interlocking with the fiber and the matrix. Maximum electrical resistance is observed for composite containing 5 wt.% of h-BN and 2 wt.% of BF. The developed MPP composite could be used in heat shields, electrical insulation components, and interior automotive components like dashboards, luggage compartments and interior walls.
Consent Service Architecture for Policy-Based Consent Management in Data Trusts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data trusts handle data in a fiduciary capacity for data owners, allowing them to process, aggregate and share data with other stakeholders within an overarching legal and ethical framework. One of the primary challenges of data trusts is consent management. This paper characterizes the problem of consent management in data trusts and proposes a 4-layer architecture for a policy-based domain-agnostic consent management service, meant to operate within one or more regulatory frameworks. We address architectural questions of how to make data access legitimate, by providing a policy interpretation for each access, and how to prevent the data trust itself from accessing data that it stores, by overriding access policies.
[Localization of cholinesterases in structures of the alveolar portion of the mammary gland].

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a temporal candidate generation scheme that can be applied to motion estimators in Scalable Video Codecs (SVCs). For bidirectional motion estimation, usually a test is made for each block to determine which motion compensation direction is preferred: forward, bidirectional or backward. Instead of simply using the last computed motion vector field (backward or forward), giving an asymmetry in the estimation, we involve both vector fields to generate a single candidate field for a more stable and improved prediction. This field is generated with the aid of mode decision information of the codec. This single field of motion vector candidates serves two purposes: (1) it initializes the next recursion and (2) it is the foundation for the succeeding scale in the scalable coding. We have implemented this improved candidate system for both HPPS as EPZS motion estimators in a scalable video codec. We have found that it reduces the errors caused by occlusion of moving objects or image boundaries. For EPZS, only a small improvement is observed compared to the simple candidate scheme. However, for HPPS improvements are more significant: when looking at individual levels, motion compensation performance improves by up to 0.84 dB and when implemented in SVC, HPPS slightly outperforms EPZS.
HUMAN CAPITAL, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN EUROPE: AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR HIERARCHICAL MODELS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The theory of human capital is one way to explain individual decisions to produce scientific research. However, this theory, even if it reckons the importance of time in science, is too short for explaining the existing diversity of scientific output. The present paper introduces the social capital of Bourdieu (1980), Coleman (1988) and Putnam (1995) as a necessary complement to explain the creation of scientific human capital. This paper connects these two concepts by means of a hierarchical econometric model which makes the distinction between the individual level (human capital) and the cluster level of departments (social capital). The paper shows how a collection of variables can be built from a bibliographic data base indicating both individual behaviour including mobility and collective characteristics of the department housing individual researchers. The two level hierarchical model is estimated on fourteen European countries using bibliometric data in the fields of economics.
Short‐term policy and the changing institutional landscape of post‐16 education and training: the case of learning partnerships in England, Scotland and Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article assesses the role of Learning Partnerships in England and equivalent bodies in Scotland and Wales, as an example of a post‐16 education and training initiative and its articulation via public sector institutions. The article uses new survey evidence across Britain. It demonstrates that Learning Partnerships have been one further element in the ever shifting landscape of post‐16 education and training and its institutional structures. The initiative has tended to be short‐term, leading to uncertainty and confusion among actors. In England changes are characterized by a tendency for central government to exert more control in an attempt to improve coherence. Each new initiative has tended to be piled upon old ones. For English Learning Partnerships the result has been an emphasis on operational issues such as labour market infrastructure, rather than strategies, with the involvement of business in target setting and management of Learning Partnerships more symbolic than real. In Scotland and to a lesser extent Wales, however, the experiment of Learning Partnerships has been more positive. Nevertheless, their future depends still further on central government bodies, such as the Learning and Skills Council in England, Careers Scotland and the Welsh ELWa. As a result, our assessment shows that in most cases Learning Partnerships, except in Scotland, are peripheral to strategic policy arrangements and are likely to remain so.
The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The sick-man may be said to have disappeared from medical cosmology in two related senses during the period 1770-1870. Firstly, as control over the means of production of medical knowledge shifted away from the sick towards medical investigators the universe of discourse of medical theory changed from that of an integrated conception of the whole person to that of a network of bonds between microscopical particles. Secondly, as control over the occupational group of medical investigators was centralized in the hands of its senior members the plethora of theories and therapies, which had previously afforded the sick-man the opportunity to negotiate his own treatment, were replaced by a monolithic consensus of opinion imposed from within the community of medical investigators.
A Bibliometric and Citation Network Analysis of Myopia Genetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: To aim of the study was describe the growth of publications on genetic myopia and understand the current research landscape through the analysis of citation networks, as well as determining the different research areas and the most cited publications. Methods: The Web of Science database was used to perform the publication search, looking for the terms “genetic*” AND “myopia” within the period between 2009 and October 2020. The CitNetExplorer and CiteSpace software were then used to conduct the publication analysis. To obtain the graphics, the VOSviewer software was used. Results: A total of 721 publications were found with 2999 citations generated within the network. The year 2019 was singled out as a “key year”, taking into account the number of publications that emerged in that year and given that in 2019, 200 loci associated with refractive errors and myopia were found, which is considered to be great progress. The most widely cited publication was “Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia”, an article by Verhoeven et al., which was published in 2013. By using the clustering function, we were able to establish three groups that encompassed the different research areas within this field: heritability rate of myopia and its possible association with environmental factors, retinal syndromes associated with myopia and the genetic factors that control and influence axial growth of the eye. Conclusions: The citation network offers a comprehensive and objective analysis of the main papers that address genetic myopia.
Electron Transfer in Biological Systems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The direct approach to a study of the dynamics of the essential intermediates in life processes is afforded by sensitive optical techniques that accurately measure and record the absorbancy of the iron proteins (cytochromes) in living cells, tissues, and particles derived therefrom. This paper outlines the nature of physical phenomena measurable in the biological systems and emphasizes current thinking on the nature of electron transfer between the proteins which involves oxidation and reduction of their iron-containing active centers with the simultaneous conservation of energy required for driving essential biological processes. The methods for these measurements are reviewed and spectrophotometric techniques at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures, and new developments such as microspectrophotometry of the cytochromes in portions of the living cell are emphasized. Data evaluation and representation of electron transfer processes and metabolic control sequences by analog and digital computers are described and particular reference is made to the operation of metabolic controls in ascites tumor cells.
On the application of a Krylov subspace spectral method to poroacoustic shocks in inhomogeneous gases

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poroacoustic shocks in inhomogeneous gases are numerically simulated using Krylov subspace spectral (KSS) methods; specifically, existing KSS methods are modified to use basis functions tailored to the assumed density profile of the gas, and to handle the nonhomogeneous boundary condition used to insert the shock‐inducing signal. The simulations presented demonstrate that KSS methods are effective at capturing the features of the solution, consistent with theoretical expectations, even when using a time step that greatly exceeds the CFL limit.