jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Regression techniques applied to particulate matter oxidative potential source apportionment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The regerssion techtiques : Unveiling the optimal regression model for source apportionment of the oxidative potential of PM ( Dinh Ngoc Thuy, V., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Hough, I., Dominutti, P., Salque Moreton, G., Gilles, G., Francony, F., Patron-Anquez, A., Favez, O., and Uzu, G.: Unveiling the optimal regression model for source apportionment of the oxidative potential of PM, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-361, 2024.) The code will be available when the article is published. One part of these codes is based on the model set up (Bootstraping and weighted least square), as described in Weber et al. (2021).
Silencing, consultation and indigenous descriptions of the world

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Inter-American Court and Commission of Human Rights, following the approach in key international human rights texts, have emphasized the importance of procedural rights in the protection of indigenous rights to territory and to cultural identity. In particular, the Court and Commission have focused on rights to consultation in a range of cases in which indigenous peoples have challenged mining, logging and other extractive activities on their territories. Consultation processes are often expected to serve a wide range of purposes in the protection of indigenous rights and interests in territory. Consultation is a means of informing a community about a project, but also a process through which an agreement can be reached between the community and the State about the use of territory or the sharing of benefits. In this article, I focus on consultation's role as part of the impact assessment process. In determining the impact that a project might have on indigenous territory, the Court and Commission have found that the State must assess both the environmental and cultural impacts of a plan or activity. Consultation is a necessary part of the identification of the impacts of an activity and ensuring that the State has all the necessary information prior to making decisions to grant concessions over indigenous territory. However, the Court and Commission's interpretation of indigenous testimony in consultation processes could undermine the role of such testimony in the assessment of environmental impacts, and might silence indigenous participants rather than ensure their meaningful participation. With reference to the idea of illocutionary silencing, taken from feminist speech act theory, I argue that the Court and Commission have interpreted indigenous testimony about the environment as being claims about the cultural impacts of disputed activities or plans, and not as claims about the environmental impacts. In other words, when indigenous community members have offered descriptions of their territories and surrounding environments, such testimony has been treated not as descriptions of the environment but as reports of cultural beliefs and practices. As a result, indigenous input in regard to the environmental impacts of a project or plan can be overlooked. In this article I argue that this failure to recognize indigenous accounts of the environment means that these communities are silenced through the consultation process and denied the opportunity to be informed about all relevant impacts.
CONTROL OF SEX RATIO IN RABBITS BY ELECTROPHORESIS OF SPERMATOZOA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The control of the sex ratio by artificial insemination with electrophoretically separated spermatozoa was studied in rabbits. Of 201 inseminations only 31 litters were kindled. The difference of the sexes produced by anode and cathode spermatozoa was significant (p less than .001). There were 62 successful predictions for female progeny (71.3%) and 51 successful predictions for male offspring (63.7%). However in the blind-test data the successful prediction for females was 69.4% while the success for males was only 53.4%. 4 of 14 litters produced by anode sperm insemination were all female. This indicates that when electrophoresis works well the predicted results are likely to be supported but when it does not work well an approximate 1:1 ratio obtains. The major possible explanation for the electrophoretic separation of spermatozoa is that the X and Y-bearing sperm have different surface proteins although factors such as temperature and the effect of the electrical field on sperm structure should also be considered.
Architecting structure-aware applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An extension to the well-known MVC architectural pattern is proposed to include an explicit structure model. The proposed conceptual model is further extended to address requirements from the research fields CSCW and ubiquitous computing. Furthermore, data, structure, and behavior descriptions have been identified as basic abstractions. In summary, the proposed model addresses reuse as well as design for change on different levels of abstraction.
Studies on Pyrimidine Derivatives and Related Compounds. LXVII. Reaction of Thiadiazolium Derivatives with Dialkyl Acylphosphonates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reaction of 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolium salts with dialkyl acylphosphonates (II) afforded ring expanded products, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazine derivatives. In the reaction of 4-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-methyl-1, 2, 4-thiadiazolium bromide hydrobromide (VII) with dialkyl benzoylphosphonates (IIb, c), however, 10a (1-dialkylphosphoroyl) benzyl-4, 5, 10, 10a-tetrahydro-3, 8-dimethyl-1, 2, 4-thiadiazolo [4', 5'-1, 2] pyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidine (VIIIb, c) were obtained as major products and the 1, 2, 4-thiadiazine derivative (IX) as a minor product. Acid treatment of VIIIb, c gave XIb, c, which were intermediates of the reaction of the thiadiazolium salt (VII) with phosphonate (IIb, c), and these were converted to VIIIb, c and IX by alkaline hydrolysis.
Progressive failure analysis of scarf-repaired composite laminate based on damage constitutive model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional finite element model for scarf-repaired composite laminate was established on continuum damage model to predict the load capacity under tensile loading. The mixed-mode cohesive zone model was adopted to the debonding behavior analysis of adhesive. Damage condition and failure of laminates and adhesive were subsequently addressed. A three-dimensional bilinear constitutive model was developed for composite materials based on damage mechanics and applied to damage evolution and loading capacity analyses by quantifying damage level through damage state variables. The numerical analyses were implemented with ABAQUS finite element analysis by coding the constitutive model into material subroutine VUMAT. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results shows the accuracy and adaptability of the model.
Another Look at Australia as a Linguistic Area

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Australia has been described as an ancient and complex linguistic area, with few recoverable genetic groups (see, for example, Dixon, 1997, 2001, 2002). Evidence cited in support of this areal model includes: the lack of bunching isoglosses for major features such as prefixation, bound pronouns, noun classes and phonological changes; the difficulty of classifying the various Pama-Nyungan daughter languages into discrete subgroups and subfamilies; the apparent time-depth of settlement of the continent; and long-standing, widespread multilingualism.KeywordsFamily TreeJohn BenjaminLanguage ChangeNoun ClassPunctuate EquilibriumThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
HUMAN NA TUREAND THE TRANSFORMING SOCIETY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

T he essence of the question of what kind of society we may form-once we are freed from our past repressions and the hangover of our liberation feast-is what kind of material do we have to work with? As what we reshape is first of all ourselves, both as individuals and as a social combine, the question really is: What are humans like, what are they capable of, and what are their limitations? Is our present failure to act, i.e., to master our instruments and thus our fate, congenital or conditioned? Various theories that base their position on dynamic analysis of social, psychic, and historical forces, suggest alternative future views that range all the way from the retightened to oceanic abandonment. But does the &quot;matter &quot; which is being affected by these forces-human nature-set any limitations or indicate where we are headed? The questions are almost frightening in their scope, but it is a mark of the crisis that they are being asked.
Erythromycin Stearate in Acne vulgaris: Its Effect on the Skin Surface Lipids and on the Activity of Purified Pancreatic Lipase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study the mechanism of action of erythromycin stearate in acne vulgaris, the composition of the skin surface lipids was analyzed before, during and after treatment (500 mg daily for 1 week, 250 mg daily for 2 months) in 17 patients. Quantitative thin-layer chromatography showed that the fatty acid fraction in the skin surface lipids decreased significantly during the treatment period. The clinical effect was good in 14 of 17 patients. Further investigations were performed on the effect of erythromycin stearate on purified pancreatic lipase. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by exposure to the drug.
Bioactivity and metabolomics fingerprinting characterization of different organic solvents extracts of Padina pavonica collected from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the current study, the extraction of bioactive secondary metabolites from the macroalgae Padina pavonica with different organic solvents were examined.The influence of three different solvents, i.e. ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol on the extraction of P. pavonica extracts were analyzed for major phenolic sub-groups, i.e. total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins as well as total sulfated polysaccharide and carotenoids using spectrometric methods.Meanwhile, the total bioactive secondary metabolites were measured by GC-MS.The antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the antimicrobial activities were assessed against different pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans.).The aim of the study was also to find the correlation between the chemical constituents of the extracts and their biological activities.The current study revealed that these extracts exhibit a good antioxidant activity, especially acetone extract, with high reducing capacity (80.58%).Also, the antimicrobial activities for acetone extract was higher than either the ethanol and ethyl acetate organic solvents due to their higher contents in bioactive compounds as reflected from their phytochemical screening and GC-MC.The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of different phytochemical compounds resulted in 20 peaks for acetone, 14 for ethanol, and 12 for ethyl acetate.The results of this investigation could be interesting for future studies dealing with the application of P. pavonica in marine biotechnology, textile industry, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals for their higher antioxidant as well as antimicrobial activities.
The Use Of Gutta-Percha Point To Locate The Origin Of Facial Sinus

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Infection from the wisdom teeth usually causes severe swelling at the region of the angle and body of the mandible. Occasionally, it tracts outward to form a cervicofacial sinus. This paper demonstrates the use of gutta-percha point to locate the origin of a cervicofacial sinus due to an asymptomatic impacted wisdom tooth. The advantage of using gutta-percha point is discussed. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.
Plant mucilages. XIII. Isolation and characterization of a mucous polysaccharide, "Lilium-S-glucomannan," from the bulbs of Lilium speciosum.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A mucous polysaccharide, named Lilium-S-glucomannan, has been isolated from the bulbs of Lilium speciosum THUNB. It was homogeneous on glass-fiber paper electrophoresis and by ultracentrifugal analysis. The component sugars of it were D-mannose and D-glucose in the molar ratio of 2 : 1, and its molecular weight was estimated at 388000. Methylation, periodate oxidation and partial acetolysis studies suggested that the polysaccharide is mainly composed of β-1→4 linked aldohexopyranose residues and it contains about six aldohexose units per one end group on the average. Mannose units occupy nonreducing terminal positions and branch points at position 3. The O-acetyl groups in the polysaccharide were identified and determined as the content of 3.3%. They were located in both positions 3 and 6 of a part of D-mannose units.
Regulating the dopant clustering in LiZnAs-based diluted magnetic semiconductor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tuning of the magnetic interaction plays the vital role in reducing the clustering of magnetic dopant in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). Due to the not well understood magnetic mechanism and the interplay between different magnetic mechanisms, no efficient and universal tuning strategy is proposed at present. Here, the magnetic interactions and formation energies of isovalent-doped (Mn) and aliovalent (Cr)-doped LiZnAs are studied based on density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the dopant–dopant distance-dependent magnetic interaction is highly sensitive to the carrier concentration and carrier type and can only be explained by the interplay between two magnetic mechanisms, i.e., super-exchange and Zener’s p–d exchange model. Thus, the magnetic behavior and clustering of magnetic dopant can be tuned by the interplay between two magnetic mechanisms. The insensitivity of the tuning effect to U parameter suggests that our strategy could be universal to other DMS.
Detection and Characterization of Primitive Malignant and Normal Progenitors in Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Using Long-Term Coculture With Supportive Feeder Layers and Cytokines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Analysis of the mitogenic activity of interleukin-3 (IL-3), Steel factor (SF ), and flt-3 ligand (FL) on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts using the short-term endpoints of proliferation in 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) incorporation assays or methylcellulose cultures (colony assays) showed that greater than 90% of samples contained cells that were responsive to one or more of these cytokines. With this information, culture conditions that were known to support normal long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) were tested, with or without supplements of one or more of these three growth factors, for their ability to support primitive progenitors from 10 cell samples from patients with AML. In all cases cytogenetically abnormal colony forming cells (CFC) were detected after 5 weeks when AML peripheral blood or marrow cells were cocultured on preestablished, normal human marrow feeders (HMF ) and/or Sl/Sl mouse fibroblast feeders and the number of CFC detected in these 5-week-old LTC maintained a linear relationship to the number of input AML cells. Limiting dilution analysis, performed on 6 of the 10 samples, showed the frequency of AML cells initiating LTC (AML LTC-IC) to be 5- to 300-fold lower than the frequency of AML-CFC in the same cell sample, whereas the average number of CFC produced per LTC-IC varied from 1 to 13. Surprisingly, in each case the concentration of cytogenetically normal LTC-IC detected in AML patient blood was at least 10-fold higher than that previously observed in the blood of normal individuals. “Mixed” mouse fibroblast feeders engineered to produce human G-CSF, IL-3, and SF did not enhance detection of AML LTC-IC but did increase the output of cytogenetically normal CFC from LTC of 3 of 4 patient samples. Supplementation of AML LTC with IL-3 and exogenously provided SF and/or FL increased the output of AML-CFC from 5-week-old LTC by greater than or equal to twofold with 5 of 9 patient samples, whereas in one case exogenous addition of FL reduced the output of malignant CFC from LTC. These studies show that conditions that support normal LTC-IC also allow a functionally analogous but rare AML progenitor cell type to be detected. In addition, differences in the responses of normal and leukemic cells to various cytokines active on normal LTC-IC were revealed. Further analysis of these differences may enhance our understanding of leukemogenesis and lead to observations that could be exploited therapeutically.
A Review of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Biomechanics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) occurs after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at a rate of 2.9% per level per year. Cervical disc arthroplasty was developed to theoretically reduce the transfer of forces onto adjacent levels while allowing motion at adjacent sites. We present a review of the biomechanics of cervical disc arthroplasty. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by three junior authors regarding the biomechanics and/or the alteration of the biomechanics following a cervical disc arthroplasty. PubMed and Medline databases were used. Keywords for search results utilized included; cervical disc arthroplasty, adjacent segment disease, cervical disc biomechanics, cervical arthroplasty biomechanics. Level IV evidence or higher was utilized for the purposes of this review. Both articles of historical interest on the subject and articles of recent publication were included in the analysis. Articles included in the analysis were published from 1965 to present. 70% of the 50 articles were chosen for inclusion in the analysis. The reviewers consisted of one experienced fellowship trained orthopedic spine surgeon, one junior fellowship trained orthopedic spine surgeon, one current spine surgery fellow, and one current orthopedic surgery resident. Exclusions were left at the discretion of the senior author. Results: Biomechanics studies suggest that cervical disc arthroplasty more accurately mimics normal range of motion (ROM) and kinematics at the native vertebral functional unit. Some studies suggest that this will delay adjacent segment disease but this has not yet been proven in long term followup. In terms of patient outcomes, early results of cervical disc arthroplasty are at minimum non inferior to ACDF. Emerging evidence suggest higher patient reported outcome scores with CDA. Conclusions: The literature reviewed in this review suggests that cervical disc arthroplasty more accurately mimics native kinematics and ROM at the functional spine unit. CDA is at least non inferior to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and may in fact be superior to ACDF in recent patient centered outcome studies. Long term studies are ongoing and will help elucidate whether CDA reduces adjacent segment disease and results in lower rates of revision surgeries.
On the multiplaten Z‐buffer algorithm for ray tracing in high‐frequency electromagnetic scattering computations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A ray tracer based on the multiplaten Z‐buffer (MPZ) algorithm is implemented and its performance is evaluated against the binary space‐partition tree algorithm. Our results indicate that the computational complexity of the MPZ is independent of the number of facets, thus making it potentially attractive for targets described by a large number of facets. A multi‐aspect MPZ (MAMPZ) is also proposed to further enhance the speed performance of the MPZ algorithm. It is shown that by storing multi‐aspect Z‐buffers, it is possible to significantly accelerate the ray‐tracing time of the MPZ. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 298–301, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20450
Vegetative Propagation of Coniferous Forest Tree Species from Branch Cuttings with the Help of Mist chamber

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The description of A Mist Chamber constructed at Simla has been given. The results of trials made with coniferous species like Pinus roxburgyhii, Pinus wallichiana, Pinus gerardiana, Cedrus deodara, Abies pindrow and Picea ,emythiyana have been given. Except Pinus gerardiana all the species have been rooted. The studies. Have indicated that mist chambers are very usleful in rooting coniferous species.
SUN-355 Associations of Trabecular Bone Score and Bone Mineral Density with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Men with and Without Paraplegia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Following spinal cord injury (SCI) lower extremity bone mineral density (BMD) losses are as high as 40% due to mechanical unloading and autonomic dysfunction. While lumbar spine (LS) BMD appears to be relatively spared, evidence suggests BMD by dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DXA) may overlook bone pathology in this region. Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), representative of bone microarchitecture, may be a more informative measurement of LS pathology in SCI. Our objective was to determine differences in BMD and TBS within the LS in humans with and without SCI. Correlation of fitness and body composition measures with TBS and BMD were also explored to determine their role in bone health after SCI. Methods: Seven male participants with paraplegia (level T3 – T7) were recruited through The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, and 6 males without SCI were recruited from local advertisement. DXA scans of the lumbar spine and whole body were performed using Hologic Discovery A densitometer. TBS score (unitless) was derived from L1-L4 scans using TBS iNsight software v3.0.2. A graded arm exercise test directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) for all subjects. An independent samples t-test determined between-group differences in LS BMD and TBS. Pearson correlation analysis investigated within-group relations among LS BMD, TBS and VO2peak (ml/kg/min), weight (kg), total body fat (%), and visceral adipose tissue (estimated VAT mass(g)). Results: In SCI, the mean duration of injury was 8.6 years. Mean LS BMD was not different (p=.47) between non-injured (1.10 ±0.11 g/cm2) and SCI (1.10 ±0.13 g/cm2) groups. However, mean TBS score was different (p=.053) between non-injured (1.55±0.09) and SCI (1.47±0.07) groups. In non-injured, VO2peak was correlated with LS BMD (r=.356) and TBS (r=.244). In SCI, VO2peak was correlated with LS BMD (r=.111) and TBS (r=.822). In non-injured, TBS was correlated with body mass (r=.244), total body fat (%) (r=.382), and visceral adipose tissue (r=.361). In SCI, negative correlations were observed; TBS was correlated with body mass (r= -.255), total body fat (%) (r= -.474), and visceral adipose tissue (r= -.513). LS BMD was positively correlated with body mass, total body fat (%) and visceral adipose tissue in both non-injured and SCI groups. Conclusion: Men with and without SCI displayed similar BMD but differed in TBS at the LS. Correlations with measures of fitness and body composition were similar for LS BMD but discordant for TBS between non-injured and SCI groups. The data suggest changes in the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolism and bone quality in SCI. TBS may capture alterations in bone microarchitecture at the spine after SCI that are undetected by conventional DXA.