jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of growth conditions on the lattice constant and composition of (Ga,Mn)As

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The lattice constant and the alloy composition of (Ga,Mn)As are investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The (Ga,Mn)As layers are grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy under various growth conditions. We find that, while the alloy composition is mainly determined by the Mn cell temperature (TMn), the substrate temperature (Tsub) and the arsenic to gallium flux ratio (As/Ga) strongly influence the lattice constant. In particular, layers which have the same composition but different growth parameters have quite different lattice constants, caused by the amount of excess As incorporation in the (Ga,Mn)As crystal. This implies that the lattice parameter of (Ga,Mn)As cannot even serve as a rough measure of the crystal composition. (Ga,Mn)As is therefore an example of a system which does not obey Vegard’s law.
Seizures in PPT1 Knock-in Mice are Associated with Inflammatory Activation of Microglia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), the most severe form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, is caused by mutations in the lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). Typical symptoms of this disease include progressive psychomotor developmental retardation, visual failure, seizures, and premature death. Here, we investigated seizure activity and relevant pathological changes in PPT1 knock-in mice (PPT1 KI). The behavior studies in this study demonstrated that PPT1 KI mice had no significant seizure activity until 7 months of age, and local field potentials also displayed epileptiform activity at the same age. The expressional levels of Iba-1 and CD68 demonstrated by Western blot analysis, the inflammatory cytokine TNFα content measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the branch number and length of microglia demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were significantly increased at age of 7 months, all of which indicate microglia activation at an age of seizure onset. The increased expressional of GFAP was seen at an earlier age of 4 month and such an increase reached its peak at age of 6 month, indicating that astrocyte activation precedes microglia. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a ATP-sensitive ionic channel that is highly expressed in microglia and fundamental to microglial activation, proliferation, cytokines release and epilepsy. We show that the ATP concentration in hippocampal tissue in PPT1 KI mice was increased using an enhanced ATP assay kit and demonstrated that the antagonist of P2X7R, A-438079 significantly reduced seizures in PPT1 KI mice. In contrast to glial cell activation and proliferation, the significant reduction of synaptic proteins GABAAR were seen in PPT1 KI mice. These results indicate that seizure in PPT1 KI mice may be associated with microglial activation involving in ATP-sensitive-P2X7R signaling and damaged inhibitory neurotransmission.
Boron supplying power, boron adsorption capacity and productivity of some acidic soils from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reliability of the hot-water soluble boron (HWSB) content of a soil as a measure of total boron available to plants during intensive cropping, and its relationship with the boron-supplying power (BSP) of the soil, as affected by the soil's parent material, was studied in a glasshouse trial. Fifteen surface soils (0- 15 cm) from six parent materials from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales were used. In each pot of soil, three crops were planted in succession: sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. Hysun 3 I), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Woogenellup), and maize (Zea mays cv. XL45). Lime and borax were applied in a 2x2 factorial combination. Crop responses to these applications, their relationship with soil BSP and HWSB content, and soil boron adsorption capacity (BAC) when borax was added were also investigated. In soils not treated with borax or lime, the following were significantly correlated (r > 0.51): crop yield, crop uptake of boron, HWSB content before cropping, and BSP. However, BSP was not correlated with the amount of HWSB lost from the soil during cropping. In sandstone, granitic and quartz-rich fine sedimentary soils, the amount of boron taken up by the crops was not significantly different from the amount of HWSB removed from the soil. Therefore, their BSP (0, 74 and 145 g B/ha respectively) was not significantly greater than zero and thus their HWSB content simply and reliably measures their boron status. From crop responses in granitic and quartz-rich fine sedimentary soils (HWSB content 0.26 and 0.30 �g B/g of air dried soil, respectively) it was shown that these soils require boron supplementation whenever their HWSB content is less than about 0.34 �g B/g air dried soil, particularly if they are cropped intensively or heavily limed. The BSP of tuff, basaltic and alluvial soils (388, 407 and 620 g B/ha) was significantly greater than zero. Therefore, these soils have boron reserves not measured by the HWSB method and their HWSB content does not reliably measure boron available for crops. All soils adsorbed boron when borax was applied. The BAC did not differ significantly between the six soil types. The overall effect of lime was to significantly increase dry matter yield. Boron uptake by the crops, and soil BSP and BAC were not significantly affected by liming.
Research on Family Firms' Political Connection, Tax Administration and Tax Avoidance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Family firms’ tax evasion cases occur frequently due to high tax burden. This causes social concern including academia. What’s the reason? Family firms which are in the economic and governance transformation stage are still relying on political connections; political connection is an important factor which influences family firms’ tax avoidance. But the existing research rarely involves. This paper takes 2818 family listed companies from year 2008 to 2011 as sample, examines the relationship among political connection, tax administration and family firms’ tax avoidance. The study shows that political connection’s existence has no significant impact on family firm’s tax avoidance, but the strength of political connections has a positive significant impact on family firm’s tax avoidance. And tax administration can effectively constraint family firms’ non reasonable tax avoidance by means of political connections.
Adjusting College Cost Figures for Non-credit Enrollments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community college practitioners are quick to note that official IPEDS analyses of expenditures and revenues per FTE overstate the amount they spend on each student. This results from the fact that enrollments in their non-credit courses are not included in the FTE count but expenditures for these courses are. While this situation may also occur in four-year colleges, the extent to which it occurs is thought to be less of a problem in determining costs per student. Using data from three states, this is the first study of its kind that examines this measurement issue. With it comes an invitation to readers to participate (crowd sourcing) in the study as joint authors(s) by contributing data and their analysis.
Recent insights into the impact of geopolitical tensions: Quantifying the structure of computer science professors of Chinese descent in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The geopolitical tensions between China and the US have dramatically reshaped the American scientific workforce's landscape. To gain a deeper understanding of this circumstance, this study selects the discipline of computer science as a representative case for empirical investigations, aiming to explore the current situation of US-based Chinese-descent computer science professors. One thousand and seventy-eight tenured or tenure-track professors of Chinese descent from the computer science departments of 108 prestigious US universities are profiled, in order to quantify their structure primarily along gender, schooling, and expertise lines. The findings presented in this paper suggest that China-US tensions have made it more difficult for the US higher education system to retain valuable computer science professors of Chinese descent, particularly those in their mid-to late career stages, and that nearly 50% of the existing professors have less than seven years of faculty experience. In addition, the deterioration in faculty retention varies across fields of research, education backgrounds, and gender groups. Specifically, among the professors we are concerned about, those who do not work on AI or Systems, those who lack study experience at US universities, and those who are women, are underrepresented, albeit in different forms and to varying degrees. In a nutshell, the focal professoriate has not only shrunk in size, as has been widely reported, but also lost some of its diversity in structure. This paper has policy implications for the mobility of scientific talent, especially in an era of geopolitical challenges.
Electroluminescence Imaging and Light Beam Induced Current as Characterization Techniques of Multi-Crystalline Si Solar Cells [Poster]

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There is an increasing demand for characterizing multicrystalline solar cells at different stages of its service life. Luminescence techniques, e.g. electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL), have acquired a paramount interest in the last years. These techniques are used in imaging mode, allowing to take a luminescence picture at a full wafer/cell scale. This imaging approach is fast and sensitive, but has a low spatial resolution, which avoids a detailed analysis of the defect distribution, which can led to misinterpretations about critical parameters as the minority carrier diffusion length, or the internal and external quantum efficiencies. If one complements these techniques with high spatial resolution techniques, such as light beam induced current (LBIC), one can study the electrical activity of the defects at a micrometric scale, providing additional understanding about the role played by the defects in full wafer/cell luminescence images. The combination of the macroscopic and microscopic resolution scales is necessary for the analysis of the full luminescence images in mc-Si solar cells.
Hydrogel Swelling-Mediated Strain Induces Cell Alignment at Dentin Interfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cell and tissue alignment is a defining feature of periodontal tissues. Therefore, the development of scaffolds that can guide alignment of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) relative to tooth root (dentin) surfaces is highly relevant for periodontal tissue engineering. To control PDLC alignment adjacent to the dentin surface, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels were explored as a highly tunable matrix for encapsulating cells and directing their activity. Specifically, a composite system consisting of dentin blocks, PEG hydrogels, and PDLCs was created to control PDLC alignment through hydrogel swelling. PDLCs in composites with minimal hydrogel swelling showed random alignment adjacent to dentin blocks. In direct contrast, the presence of hydrogel swelling resulted in PDLC alignment perpendicular to the dentin surface, with the degree and extension of alignment increasing as a function of swelling. Replicating this phenomenon with different molds, block materials, and cells, together with predictive modeling, indicated that PDLC alignment was primarily a biomechanical response to swelling-mediated strain. Altogether, this study describes a novel method for inducing cell alignment adjacent to stiff surfaces through applied strain and provides a model for the study and engineering of periodontal and other aligned tissues.
Child passenger safety: protecting your patients on every trip

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Motor vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death and acquired disability for children < 19 years old in the United States, 1 and road traffic injuries account for more than 260,000 pediatric deaths worldwide each year.2 Fortunately, for children who are too small for adult seat belts, child safety seats (CSS), in the form of either a harness-based restraint or belt-positioning booster seat, can significantly reduce the risk of injury and death 3-5 in a crash by helping to distribute forces over hard, bony surfaces and preventing ejection from the vehicle. Substantial increases in child restraint use in the United
The impact of educational travel on high school social studies students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact and value that high school social studies students and teachers see in educational travel. Many students and teachers participate in school-based trips, but little research has been done that investigates the deeper implications of educational travel, as to identify and maximize the positive benefits of such experiences. For the purposes of this project, educational travel is defined as school-based educational trips that last longer than a day, and involve elements that include guided tours, hands-on learning, interactive tasks, and community service. Further, I have divided educational travel into three categories that pertain to a trip’s design and focus: 1) tour-guided; 2) task-specific; and 3) socially immersive. Participants in this study included six of my former students and three of my former teaching colleagues. All participants had experiences with educational travel prior to this study. Data were collected through a series of conversational interviews, which I transcribed and analyzed. This allowed me to analyze participant responses and form organizing concepts, to which I plotted emergent categories. My findings showed that students and teachers see tremendous value in educational travel with respect to developing confidence, building historical and global mindedness, and fostering empathy and self-awareness. My findings also showed how educational travel experiences can influence the choices students make later in life regarding post-secondary education, careers, and philanthropy. This study contributes to social studies education scholarship in that it shines light on the impact educational travel has on high school students and offers insight into maximizing the positive benefits associated with such experiences. Nevertheless, this study is small-scale, and further research is needed to address some limitations, which include the implications of educational travel for students from different socio-economic contexts, as well as attaining a deeper understanding of the long-term benefits of educational travel.
[Gamma-anilides of nucleoside-5'triphosphates as substrates of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of Escherichia coli].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Characteristics of NTP gamma-anilidates (AnpppN) as substrates of E. coli RNA-polymerase have been studied. Michaelis constants for AnpppN are about an order of magnitude greater than those for the usual substrates, whereas the maximum rates differ but unsignificantly. AnpppA is almost completely transformed to polyA and Anppi when synthesis of polyA takes place with AnpppA as the only substrate with denatured DNA as template (reiteration system). The AnpppA-residue is present at the 5'-terminus of RNA synthesized from AnpppA, CTP, UTP and GTP on T7 DNA template by the holo-enzyme.
Reclaiming Marx’s ‘Capital’: A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency, Andrew Kliman, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2007

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book seeks to defend Marx’s theory in Capital against the long-standing criticism of logical inconsistency, which has provided the main justification for the rejection of Marx’s theory over the last century. This book presents a new interpretation of Marx’s theory that has emerged over the last several decades called the ‘temporal single-system’ interpretation (commonly abbreviated as TSSI). Kliman argues that the TSSI eliminates all of the alleged logical inconsistencies in Marx’s theory, and therefore logical inconsistency is not a valid reason to reject Marx’s theory. I agree in general with much of this book, but I disagree on some points, especially the use of one-commodity models and its interpretation of the transformation-problem.
The Influence of Financial Literacy, Lifestyle, and Self-Control on Financial Management of FEB Jember Regency StudentsYear 2021

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of financial literacy, lifestyle, and self-control on the financial management of FEB students in Jember Regency, Class of 2021. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study were FEB students in Jember Regency, Class of 2021, totaling 1400 people. The sample used in this study was 95 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The data used are primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 26 software. The results of the study indicate that financial literacy, lifestyle, and self-control have an influence on the financial management of FEB students in Jember Regency, Class of 2021.
DELAYED REINFORCEMENT VERSUS REINFORCEMENT AFTER A FIXED INTERVAL1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When interreinforcement intervals were equated, pigeons demonstrated little or no preference between reinforcement after a delay interval and reinforcement presented on a fixed‐interval schedule. The small preferences sometimes found for the fixed interval (a) were considerably smaller than when the delay and fixed intervals differed in duration, and (b) were caused by the absence of light during the delay. These results suggest that the effects of delayed reinforcement on prior responding can be reproduced by imposing a temporally equal fixed‐interval schedule in place of the delay; and, therefore, that the time between a response and reinforcement controls the probability of that response, whether other responses intervene or not.
Management of traumatic incomplete lacerating rectus muscle injuries using multimodal imaging approach (ASOCT and CT/MRI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To describe the pathophysiology, importance of multimodal imaging approach, and the clinical outcomes of incomplete lacerating rectus muscle injuries. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients with ocular deviation secondary to rectus muscle injuries. Between 2019 and 2022, a total of 30 patients were identified, amongst whom eleven patients had incompletely lacerated rectus muscles (secondary to penetrating adnexal trauma and sino-orbital surgeries). Patients' demography, nature of injury, computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, anterior segment optical coherence tomography features, intra-operative findings, and post-operative outcomes were reviewed. Results: The mean age of 11 patients was 31.36 ± 14.38 years. All patients had external trauma which severed the muscle in its anterior portion. Five patients had isolated inferior rectus muscle injury (45.45%), three had inferior and medial rectus muscle injuries together (27.27%), two had isolated lateral rectus muscle injury (18.18%), and one remaining patient had isolated medial rectus muscle injury (9.05%). In ten patients (90.90%) CT/MRI revealed features suggestive of muscle injury, however details with respect to muscle insertion and scleral course were lacking. In this difficult scenario, ASOCT filled these lacunae in nearly 90% of the patients by providing surgically useful details. Moreover, when CT/MRI-ASOCT imaging features were combined, the management and outcomes were even more predictable. Conclusions: Penetrating rectus muscle injuries can be better identified as incompletely lacerated muscle using multimodal imaging approach. This simple image correlation process customizes the treatment approach and hence the clinical outcomes.
Network resource selection for data transfer processes in scientific workflows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quality of the service (QoS) plays an important role in the life-cycle of scientific workflows for composing and executing applications. However, the quality of network services has so far rarely been considered in composing and executing scientific workflows. Currently, scientific applications tune the execution quality neglecting network resources, and by selecting only optimal software services and computing resources. One reason is that IP-based networks provide few possibilities for workflow systems to manage the service quality, and limit or prevent bandwidth reservation or network paths selection. We see nonetheless a strong need from scientific applications, and network operators, to include the network quality management in the workflow systems.
In this paper, we discuss our ongoing research on this issue and present a semantic based solution to searching network resources with awareness of QoS requirements. The solution aims at complementing existing workflow systems on selecting network resources in the context of workflow composition, scheduling and execution when advanced network services are available. Our research is conducted in the context of the CineGrid project.
A Japanese Case of Tinea Corporis Caused by Arthroderma benhamiae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report a case of tinea corporis in Japan caused by Arthroderma benhamiae . A 53‐year‐old female scientist, who had been working on dermatophytes in a laboratory, noticed pruritic erythema on the outer corner of her left lower eyelid. She used a steroid ointment for three days, but the lesion continued to expand. When she visited our clinic, the erythema was 15 mm in diameter and clearly demarcated with a slightly depressed center. A scale from the periphery of the erythema was positive with direct KOH examination, and T. mentagrophytes was isolated from the lesion. The erythema was successfully treated with topical application of butenafine hydrochloride. The isolate was mated with a (+) strain of the Americano‐European race of A. benhamiae . Using the most sensitive molecular typing method, restriction exzyme analysis of the non‐transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA, the restriction profile of the isolate was the same as that of strains used in her laboratory but different from those of any Japanese isolates associated with pet animals. The results suggest that the patient became infected during her experiment.