jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Growth of Azospirillum irakense KBC1 on the Aryl β-Glucoside Salicin Requires either salA or salB

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum irakense KBC1 is able to grow on pectin and β-glucosides such as cellobiose, arbutin, and salicin. Two adjacent genes, salA and salB , conferring β-glucosidase activity to Escherichia coli , have been identified in a cosmid library of A. irakense DNA. The SalA and SalB enzymes preferentially hydrolyzed aryl β-glucosides. A Δ( salA-salB ) A. irakense mutant was not able to grow on salicin but could still utilize arbutin, cellobiose, and glucose for growth. This mutant could be complemented by either salA or salB , suggesting functional redundancy of these genes in salicin utilization. In contrast to this functional homology, the SalA and SalB proteins, members of family 3 of the glycosyl hydrolases, show a low degree of amino acid similarity. Unlike SalA, the SalB protein exhibits an atypical truncated C-terminal region. We propose that SalA and SalB are representatives of the AB and AB′ subfamilies, respectively, in glycosyl hydrolase family 3. This is the first genetic implication of this β-glucosidase family in the utilization of β-glucosides for microbial growth.
Diisopropyloxy(η2‐cyclopentene)titanium for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Various 1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclopentanes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Developing career management competencies among undergraduates and the role of work-integrated learning

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores undergraduate capabilities in career self-management and the influence of work-integrated learning (WIL). Career management competencies are an important aspect of individual employability and impact on wellbeing, graduate job attainment and long-term career success. Enhanced competencies among graduates can assist Faculty in achieving strong employment outcomes and support industry partners who wish to employ graduates able to self-manage their career pathways effectively amid flatter organisational structures and greater employee mobility. Our findings indicate that business undergraduates at one UK and one Australian university consider themselves reasonably proficient in career self-management yet variations exist across the different dimensions of self-awareness, opportunity awareness, decision-making learning and transition learning. Participation in work placements and study and employment characteristics influenced certain elements of career self-management. Our study highlights the importance of nurturing career management competencies in undergraduates and we discuss strategies, particularly in relation to WIL, which may promote effective career self-management. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.
Supplemental results for "Effects of drying and orientation to perennial refuges on aquatic biodiversity across two basins differing in aridity"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Intermittent streams are globally distributed, comprise over half the length of the global river network, and are expected to become more prevalent. However, most studies of intermittent streams are conducted at extremes of scale, are limited in taxonomic and temporal scope, and focus exclusively on drying patterns. Here, we assessed how both flow intermittency and orientation to perennial refuges affect aquatic invertebrates and aquatic and semi-aquatic vertebrates across two years within two intermittent river basins differing in their aridity. We used loggers to characterize flow intermittency and wet-dry mapping to determine orientation to perennial refuge of reaches. In winter and summer 2015 and 2016, we collected and identified invertebrates and visually surveyed vertebrates. Using permutational multivariate analyses of variance with distance matrices, we found distinct invertebrate communities by basin, flow class (perennial or intermittent), and season, and distinct vertebrate communities by basin, and between flow classes and seasons in the more arid basin. Invertebrate communities had higher beta diversity in the more arid than mesic basin, whereas the opposite was true for vertebrates. We identified indicator species for all combinations of basin and flow class, perennial reaches combined from both basins, each basin, and some combinations of flow class and season within basins. Flow intermittency and orientation to perennial refuge predictors correlated well with both invertebrate and vertebrate communities. However, we did not find nestedness of communities that differed significantly from that expected by chance in response to increasing flow intermittency or distance to refuge. Lastly, basin, flow intermittency, and orientation to perennial refuge predictors were generally important for modeling taxon richness and densities, and richness and densities decreased with increasing flow intermittency and distance to perennial refuge. Collectively, our data suggest that intermittent streams harbor unique biodiversity, but also that some taxa have context-dependent responses to intermittency and orientation to perennial refuges. These findings also suggest that future increases in stream drying are likely to lead to changes to stream communities with high potential for the loss of aquatic biodiversity.
For inquiries regarding the contents of this dataset, please contact the Corresponding Author listed in the README.txt file. Administrative inquiries (e.g., removal requests, trouble downloading, etc.) can be directed to data-management@arizona.edu
This item is part of Data, R Code, and Supplemental Results for "Effects of drying and orientation to perennial refuges on aquatic biodiversity across two basins in California, USA". See References, below, for the other parts.
Nitenpyram‐Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Early Developmental Stages of Zebrafish

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Nitenpyram is a new neonicotinoid insecticide primarily used for the control of piercing–sucking pests as well as fleas and lice on animals. It is widely used around the world, and the concentrations and detection rates in surface water and groundwater are increasing. Current research has shown that nitenpyram is toxic to honey bee, silkworms, and other organisms, but the toxicity to aquatic organisms and the mechanisms of its toxicity are still unclear. This study uses zebrafish as the research model to investigate the adverse effects of nitenpyram on the early embryonic development of zebrafish. The results show that nitenpyram induces developmental toxicity and cardiac toxicity in zebrafish. Zebrafish exhibited pericardial edema and an increased distance between the atria and ventricles. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of heart development‐related genes tbx2b , gata4 , vmhc , myh6 , and nkx2.5 was inhibited. Additionally, nitenpyram induced oxidative stress in zebrafish, significantly increasing the production and accumulation of ROS in the cardiac region. Acridine orange staining results revealed that nitenpyram induced apoptosis in the cardiac region of zebrafish, and qRT‐PCR results showed activation of the endogenous apoptosis pathways. Therefore, it is speculated that nitenpyram‐induced oxidative stress alters the expression of heart‐related genes and triggers endogenous apoptosis in zebrafish cardiomyocytes, ultimately leading to abnormal cardiac development.
Measurements of hadron production in π⁺ + C and π⁺ + Be interactions at 60 GeV/c

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Precise knowledge of hadron production rates in the generation of neutrino beams is necessary for accelerator-based neutrino experiments to achieve their physics goals. NA61/SHINE, a large-acceptance hadron spectrometer, has recorded hadron + nucleus interactions relevant to ongoing and future longbaseline neutrino experiments at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. This paper presents three analyses of interactions of 60 GeV/c π⁺ with thin, fixed carbon and beryllium targets. Integrated production and inelastic cross sections were measured for both of these reactions. In an analysis of strange, neutral hadron production, differential production multiplicities of K0/S, Λ and Λ̄ were measured. Lastly, in an analysis of charged hadron production, differential production multiplicities of π⁺, π⁻, K⁺, K⁻ and protons were measured. These measurements will enable long-baseline neutrino experiments to better constrain predictions of their neutrino flux in order to achieve better precision on their neutrino cross section and oscillation measurements.
Personal and professional challenges of nurse prescribing in Ireland

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This article presents the challenges regarding the development of a collaborative practice agreement in order to undertake nurse prescribing in an emergency department in a large teaching hospital. Nurse prescribing has been introduced quite recently in Ireland. Although there is a plethora of knowledge regarding the topic, there are many personal and professional challenges in relation to this emerging role. The nurse prescribing initiative in Ireland is continually developing and many nurses now have the authority to prescribe from almost the same range of medicines as doctors. Prescribing has the potential to improve job satisfaction, autonomy and ultimately improves patient outcomes. However, nurses need to be cognisant of the impact it can have on the dynamics of the healthcare team. An analysis of some complexities of nurse prescribing is given, in conjunction with reflective thoughts on a clinical incident in the area of morphine prescribing.
Young Massive Star Clusters in Spiral Galaxies. III. Correlations between cluster populations and host galaxy properties

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present an analysis of correlations between integrated properties of galaxies and their populations of young massive star clusters. Data for 21 nearby galaxies presented by Larsen & Richtler (1999) are used together with literature data for 10 additional galaxies, spanning a range in specific U-band luminosity T_L(U) from 0 to 15. We find that T_L(U) correlates with several observable host galaxy parameters, in particular the ratio of Far-Infrared (FIR) to B-band flux and the optical surface brightness. Taking the FIR luminosity as an indicator of the star formation rate (SFR), it is found that T_L(U) correlates very well with the SFR per unit area. A similar correlation is seen between T_L(U) and the atomic hydrogen surface density. The cluster formation efficiency seems to depend on the SFR in a continuous way, rather than being related to any particularly violent mode of star formation. We discuss fundamental features of possible scenarios for cluster formation. One possibility is that the correlation between T_L(U) and SFR is due to a common controlling parameter, most probably the density of the ISM. Another scenario conceives a high T_L(U) as resulting from the energy input from many massive stars in case of a high SFR.
Inflation in the reconstruction of Poland 1918-1927.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The thesis is concerned with the dynamics of inflation and their effect on production, using the example of the Polish reconstruction process after World War I. In 1918, Poland had to be re-established as a state after 123 years of foreign rule as well as reconstructed due to severe destruction experienced during the war. Nevertheless, the reconstruction process was extremely rapid, and the thesis argues that it was inflation which provided the means to build up the state. Inflation redistributed wealth within the society and imposed a high savings quota on the economy. The printing press inflation carried the economy through to hyperinflation. The positive effects of the process already explain in part why inflation could last so long and why the economy went all the way through to hyperinflation. The thesis then argues that stabilisation was a political problem and was only achieved once the inflationary process ceased to create winners and losers. The positive business climate began to deteriorate when traders no longer used past inflation as an indicator for price setting, but instead used changes in the exchange rate. However, inflation reappeared shortly after fiscal reform, due to the inevitable credit requirements of Polish industry. Inflation had eroded savings and distorted the economy: this was the major short-coming of this peculiar way of mobilising the country's resources. Consequently, a credit inflation emerged still in 1924 as industry tried to adjust to market requirements in the post-inflationary crisis. Stabilisation was only finally achieved when the economy moved out of recession in 1926. Lastly, the thesis sheds new light on the generalisation about the European inflationary experiences of the 1920s. It introduces a distinction between exogenously and endogenously imposed inflation, which suggests a more specific definition of the transition into hyperinflation as well as of the exact requirements for stabilisation. It also reduces these exceptional economic occurrences to reparations, on the one hand, and reconstruction, on the other.
A TLD study of Acuros XB for lung SBRT using lung substitute material.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The recent development of a new photon transport algorithm, Acuros XB, has shown good potential to be an alternative to the benchmark, Monte Carlo method. The advantage of Acuros XB (AXB) is in regions of significant heterogeneity where it has been shown to be almost equivalent to Monte Carlo and generally better than other advanced model-­‐based algorithms. This project focuses on the use of Thermoluminesence Dosimeters (TLDs) for the validation of AXB on Lung SBRT. A comparison between AXB, AAA (Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm, Varian Medical Systems, USA), and physical TLD measurements in a lung substitute material (composition cork) will be studied. Methods: A thorough study was first done to prepare and calibrate TLDs for measurement. Next, a study of clinical cases was done to determine the treatment parameters and phantom dimensions for Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) cases. Two multilayered slab phantom, consisting of combinations of Plastic WaterTM (CIRS, Norfolk, VA) and composition cork was then built for TLD measurement. A corresponding virtual phantom was created in the clinical treatment planning system. Presence of bone is not considered in this study. The phantom dose distributions of field sizes 2x2, 5x5, and 10x10 cm2 for 6 MV photon beams were then analysed by comparison of TLD measurements on the phantom against AXB and AAA calculations on the virtual phantom. 2 Results: TLDs were carefully calibrated and the best linear dose response range was found to be between 0.1-­‐1.0 Gy. All Lung SBRT treatments were delivered at 6MV with field sizes ranging from 5x5 to 10x10 cm2. 2x2 cm2 field size was included to study small stereotactic field effects in lung medium. Overall TLD results show that AXB was better than AAA in the lung medium and the lung to tissue interfaces. Conclusion: AXB was found to be an accurate algorithm for lung correction. Based on TLD measurements, it is accurate for AXB dose calculation in Lung SBRT, on areas where smaller field sizes (< 10x10 cm2) are normally used. Keywords: Acuros, TLD, Lung SBRT, composition cork
Temperature Effects on the Catalytic Efficiency, Rate Enhancement, and Transition State Affinity of Cytidine Deaminase, and the Thermodynamic Consequences for Catalysis of Removing a Substrate “Anchor”

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To obtain a clearer understanding of the forces involved in transition state stabilization by Escherichia coli cytidine deaminase, we investigated the thermodynamic changes that accompany substrate binding in the ground state and transition state for substrate hydrolysis. Viscosity studies indicate that the action of cytidine deaminase is not diffusion-limited. Thus, K(m) appears to be a true dissociation constant, and k(cat) describes the chemical reaction of the ES complex, not product release. Enzyme-substrate association is accompanied by a loss of entropy and a somewhat greater release of enthalpy. As the ES complex proceeds to the transition state (ES), there is little further change in entropy, but heat is taken up that almost matches the heat that was released with ES formation. As a result, k(cat)/K(m) (describing the overall conversion of the free substrate to ES is almost invariant with changing temperature. The free energy barrier for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (k(cat)/K(m)) is much lower than that for the spontaneous reaction (k(non)) (DeltaDeltaG = -21.8 kcal/mol at 25 degrees C). This difference, which also describes the virtual binding affinity of the enzyme for the activated substrate in the transition state (S), is almost entirely enthalpic in origin (DeltaDeltaH = -20.2 kcal/mol), compatible with the formation of hydrogen bonds that stabilize the ES complex. Thus, the transition state affinity of cytidine deaminase increases rapidly with decreasing temperature. When a hydrogen bond between Glu-91 and the 3'-hydroxyl moiety of cytidine is disrupted by truncation of either group, k(cat)/K(m) and transition state affinity are each reduced by a factor of 10(4). This effect of mutation is entirely enthalpic in origin (DeltaDeltaH approximately 7.9 kcal/mol), somewhat offset by a favorable change in the entropy of transition state binding. This increase in entropy is attributed to a loss of constraints on the relative motions of the activated substrate within the ES complex. In an Appendix, some objections to the conventional scheme for transition state binding are discussed.
1004 Three Different Mask Holds for Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Neonatal Mannequin

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background and Aim</st> Mask ventilation is commonly used for neonatal resuscitation. Variable leak and inconsistent tidal volumes are reported in mannequin and delivery room studies. We compared the spider hold (SH) against the two-point top hold (TPTH), and two-handed hold (THH) for delivering positive pressure ventilation (PPV). </sec><sec><st>Methods</st> 53 participants from 5 professional groups provided PPV with each hold for 1 minute to a mannequin, using a T-piece resuscitator (PIP/PEEP 30/5 cmH<inf>2</inf>O, 40–60 inflations/min). Mask leak and expired tidal volume (T<inf>VE</inf>) were measured with a flow sensor. ANOVA was used to compare the average median leak from each participant for each hold and by professional group. </sec><sec><st>Results</st> 7324 inflations were analysed. <tbl id="T1" loc="float"><no>Abstract 1004 Table 1</no><caption> Leak (&percnt;) mean(SD) </caption><tblbdy top-stubs="1"><r><c cspan="1" rspan="1">Professional Group</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">TPTH n=2554 inflations</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">SH n=2384 inflations</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">THH n=2406 inflations</c></r><r><c cspan="1" rspan="1">Consultant n=10</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">34(28)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">39(40)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">45 35)</c></r><r><c cspan="1" rspan="1">Fellow n=10</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">33(27)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">32(32)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">33(35)</c></r><r><c cspan="1" rspan="1">Registrar n=10</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">31(22)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">38(23)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">13(14)</c></r><r><c cspan="1" rspan="1">Midwife n=12</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">40(30)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">43(36)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">48(36)</c></r><r><c cspan="1" rspan="1">Neonatal nurse n=11</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">35(28)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">38(34)</c><c ca="c" cspan="1" rspan="1">40(33)</c></r></tblbdy></tbl> The mean (SD) leak was 35(27)&percnt;, 38(34)&percnt; and 39(33)&percnt; for the TPTH, SH and THH respectively (p=0.003). The mean (SD) T<inf>VE</inf> was not significantly different between the three holds (p=0.09). The lowest mean (SD) leak was measured with the THH by registrars 13(14)&percnt; and highest by midwives with the THH 48(36)&percnt; (p=0.001). </sec><sec><st>Conclusion</st> Each hold can be used to give PPV. The SH does not appear to reduce leak when compared to the other holds. </sec>
Coherency Effects on Retinal Neural Processes (ERG) of Pseudemys.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Prolonged exposure to coherent 620 nm light was shown to be more effective than equivalent incoherent exposure in affecting the ERG spectral sensitivity of Pseudemys. Such effects may be mediated in part through lateral connections between long- and short-wavelength cone systems. Elimination of perceptible speckle attenuated coherent effects, suggesting a unique interaction of laser speckle with retinal processes. Explanation of these coherency effects involve disruption of normal neural retinal channels resulting from prolonged continuous laser exposure. (Author)
In Situ Monitoring of Intracellular ATP Variation Based on a Thermoregulated Polymer Nanocomposite

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It is necessary to develop reliable chemiluminescence strategies for determination of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is vital in life science and clinical diagnosis. However, the current chemiluminescence methods based on firefly luciferase suffered from low delivery efficiency, unsatisfied targeting performance, and autohydrolysis in living biosystem. To circumvent these drawbacks, a thermoresponsive polymer nanocomposite modified with firefly luciferase and ATP aptamer (PFLNC@aptamer) was fabricated, which targeted ATP and determined the intracellular ATP levels via measuring the chemiluminescence signals at different temperatures. The PFLNC@aptamer exhibited capability for the enzymolysis efficiency regulation, increased 21.0% with temperature change from 37.0 to 25.0 °C. The ATP detection limit was 3.3 nM with a linear relationship from 10.0 nM to 0.1 mM. Moreover, the thermoresponsive nanocomposite could also effectively avoid the interference during delivering firefly luciferase into the living cells and effectively discriminate ATP via the immobilized ATP aptamer, which further confirmed its reliability for practical applications. It paves a specific avenue for effective intracellular ATP monitoring in fundamental and applied research.