jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Tables 1 - 3 from Eating Disorders and Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table 1. Group-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between eating disorders, body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk. Supplementary Table 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between eating disorders and invasive breast cancer risk adjusted for or stratified by BMI ages 30-39. Supplementary Table 3. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between validated young-onset eating disorders and invasive breast cancer risk.</p>
Relationship between Fall History and Cognitive Functions in the Community-dwelling Elderly: Electromyogram Reaction Times in Cognitive Tasks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

〔目的〕認知機能が地域在住高齢者の転倒リスクに関与する可能性について検討した.〔対象と方法〕対象者は地域在住高齢者46名とし,ミニメンタルステート検査(MMSE),老研式活動能力指標(TMIG-IC),生活活動範囲指標(LSA),10メートル歩行検査(10MWT)の評価を行った.また,認知課題を用いた反応時間測定は単純反応課題(SR課題),Go/No-go 課題(GNG課題),プローブ反応課題(PR課題)を使用した.〔結果〕TIMG-ICとLSAは転倒経験なし群に比べ転倒経験あり群は有意に低い値を示した.転倒経験なし群に比べ転倒経験あり群のGNG課題とPR課題の応答信号から筋活動の開始までの潜時であるPremotor Timeが延長した.〔結語〕行動抑制や注意の分配に関与する認知機能の低下が転倒経験者にみられた.
Evil, Liberalism and the Imperial Designs of the Catholic Church, 1867–1905

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is undoubtedly a paradox in relating imperialism, liberalism and the Catholic Church during a period when anticlerical campaigns were most virulently shaking the French polity. Yet French colonial drives towards the constitution of a new African empire were the product of paradoxical forces. The lobbies and interest groups that shaped the colonial agenda prior to 1900 combined the most unlikely alliances, and their history reveals that the cause of empire opened up a complex space within which dialogues unimaginable elsewhere could take place.1 From the 1860s, much of the intellectual leadership and sense of greater purpose was articulated by notable liberals such as Lucien Prévost-Paradol and Paul Leroy-Beaulieu.2 The conversion of significant French liberals to a revitalised colonial empire can be dated quite precisely to the years immediately preceding 1870 and the growing awareness of the geopolitical threat posed by Prussia in mainland Europe. With the role of France diminished by the catastrophic defeat of 1870, liberals and republican 'opportunists' turned to empire for salvation. Yet this was not simply an evolution of earlier thinking. For some at least, the depth of French moral and political crisis meant that it was a dramatic realisation of the urgency of national renewal.3
App Adoption: The Effect on Purchasing of Customers who have Used a Mobile Website Previously

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A key question for retailers who already offer a mobile website is, whether they should add an app as an additional purchase channel. We address this issue by exploring whether consumers’ app adoption stimulates additional purchases and how this change in purchase behavior differs across customers with different levels of spending share for different product categories and customer loyalty. By using transactional data from a Chinese online retailer, we show that app adopters have higher purchase incidence, buy more frequently, and spend more in each order than non-adopters. We also find that app adoption has a stronger positive effect on the order size of customers who have a lower spending share of high-price products and customers who are less loyal to the focal retailer. Hereby, we contribute to multichannel and mobile marketing literature by empirically examining the effects of adding a similar (mobile) purchase channel to an already established (mobile) purchase channel. Managerially, our results suggest that apps are worth investing in despite their similarity to mobile websites and can induce non-loyal customers to purchase more and thus potentially foster these customers’ loyalty.
[Adaptation to the reality of Latin America of the NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN 2016 Guidelines on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pediatrics].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The evidence supports most of the general concepts of the NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN 2016 Guidelines, but it is necessary to adapt them to the reality of LA, with emphasis on the development of regional centers for the study of antibiotic sensitivity and to improve the correct selection of the eradication treatment. In symptomatic children with a family history of first or second degree gastric cancer, the search for and eradication of H. pylori should be considered.
Truncated Boolean Matrices for DNA Computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although DNA computing has emerged as a new computing paradigm with its massive parallel computing \ncapabilities, the large number of DNA required for larger size of computational problems still remain as a \nstumbling block to its development as practical computing. In this paper, we propose a modification to \nimplement a physical experimentation of two Boolean matrices multiplication problem with DNA \ncomputing. The Truncated Matrices reduces the number of DNA sequences and lengths utilized to compute \nthe problem with DNA computing.
Cloacal Dysgenesis Sequence: Observations in Four Patients Including Three Fetuses of Second Trimester Gestation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cloacal dysgenesis is a rare malformation sequence. We studied cloacal dysgenesis in four fetuses, including three at 18–22 weeks of gestation. All four fetuses showed a smooth perineum with absence of anal, urethral, and/or vaginal openings. The urinary bladder was dilated in 3 cases. The labia majora and minora were absent in the two female fetuses; the scrotum and penis were absent in one male fetus and hypoplastic in the second. The kidneys were either absent (1 case), dysplastic (1 case), or hydronephrotic (1 case). Normal kidneys were seen in a fetus of 20–22 weeks gestation in whom the urinary obstruction was alleviated by a vesicocolonic fistula. This fetus did not have pulmonary hypoplasia. Severe renal anomaly and pulmonary hypoplasia are the limiting factors for the survival of infants born with cloacal dysgenesis. The unique observation of normal kidneys and lungs in one of our fetuses, despite anhydramnios, suggests that the effect of oligohydramnios on lung development may be limited early in gestation, at least up to 20–22 weeks. It may also indirectly support the theory that there are factors other than oligohydramnios that interfere with early lung development, such as reduced production of a pulmonary growth factor by the kidney or reduced proline production by malformed kidneys, that may cause decreased collagen formation and result in hypoplastic lung mesenchyme.
Everyday life of a family with diabetes as described by adults with type 1 diabetes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease. According to previous research, family has an important role in the management of diabetes among children and adolescents.The aim of this study was to describe how adult people with type 1 diabetes experience everyday life in their families.The Straussian grounded theory method was used to analyse data collected by interviewing 19 people with type 1 diabetes.On the basis of the data, eight concepts describing different views on everyday living with diabetes were generated: managing hypoglycaemia; balancing self-management needs; performing daily routines in the family; living with changing feelings; diabetes being invisibly present; protecting the family's well-being; the family members variously contributing to the self-management; and learning to live with diabetes in the family.In conclusion, everyday life in families includes many different issues and family members are involved in the self-management of diabetes in many ways. In the interests of developing family-centred education and care, it is important to understand how adult people with type 1 diabetes experience everyday life within their families.
Understanding mitosis in middle school in Slovenia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The results of our research have shown that Slovenian middle school students have a weak understanding of mitosis and genetics. They have a solid knowledge of the basic cell structure which they have learned at school, but the meaning of cells within living organisms is poorly understood. Most of them don’t know that all living beings are made of cells. Moreover, they don’t know that division of cells takes place in all of them and that this is how gametes are created as well. They do know, however, that living beings inherit certain characteristics. They have heard of expressions such as genes, DNA and chromosomes through various media, but they can’t tell the difference between them or understand the mechanisms through which they function. Genes are frequently equated with characteristics. Students are unaware of the fact that each body cell carries complete hereditary information.
The method of classifying images of mitosis phases which we have summarised from the Biology Inquiries (Schields, 2006) proved to be a successful way of learning about mitosis, as the knowledge on this subject matter, along with all chosen fields of genetics, improved significantly after our lesson. Four weeks after the lesson was carried out, a test showed a slight decrease of knowledge but the results were still very good. We have thus proven that the knowledge gained by the students through the method of classifying images of mitosis phases was longer lasting, as it was based on understanding.
Current Perspectives on the Etiology and Management of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nocturnal enuresis (NE), or bed-wetting, is a common paediatric condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep in children aged five and older, impacting approximately 15-20% of children at this age and declining with maturation. NE's multifactorial etiology encompasses genetic, physiological, and psychological factors, which complicates its management. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on NE, examining its types, risk factors, pathophysiology, impact on quality of life, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options. Behavioral interventions, bed-wetting alarms, and pharmacotherapy, including desmopressin, are standard treatments, while combination therapies and personalized approaches show promising efficacy. Emerging treatments focusing on genetic and physiological insights highlight the potential for targeted management. Further research into the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, as well as the long-term effects of treatment modalities, is essential for reducing the social and psychological impact of NE and improving outcomes for affected children and their families.
Mathematical Solutions for Solving Periodic Railway Transportation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Train scheduling has been a significant issue in the railway industry. Over the last few years, numerous approaches and tools have been developed to compute railway scheduling. In this paper, we present a set of heuristics for a constraint‐based train scheduling tool, which is a project in collaboration with the National Network of Spanish Railways (RENFE), Spain. We formulate train scheduling as constraint optimization problems. Three heuristics are developed to speed up and direct the search toward suboptimal solutions in periodic train scheduling problems. The feasibility of our problem‐oriented heuristics is confirmed with experimentation using real‐life data. The results show that these techniques enable MIP solvers such as LINGO and ILOG Concert Technology (CPLEX) to terminate earlier with good solutions.
Analysis technology of a bank’s competitive position in the deposit market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The structurally balanced resource base of a bank determines its ability to achieve its goals and, as a result, its performance and has a decisive impact on the reproductive process in the economy by converting borrowed funds into investments. Despite a significant reduction in the number of banks over the past 10 years (from 175 to 73), the deposit market is a highly competitive environment. This necessitates the search for approaches to the formation of deposit resources that are adequate to modern conditions, aimed at their stabilization and sufficiency. The objective of the study is to develop a technology for analyzing a bank’s competitive position in the deposit market, which is the basis for choosing a strategy for managing the formation and use of the bank’s deposit resources. The technology of analysis of the bank’s competitive position in the deposit market consists of the following stages: building a system of indicators characterizing the formation and use of bank’s deposit resources, calculation and analysis of integrated taxonomic indicators of the formation and use of a bank’s deposit resources, developing the “formation of a bank’s deposit resources – use of a bank’s deposit resources” matrix, positioning of banks in this matrix, determining the strategies for the formation and use of a bank’s deposit resources, and making appropriate management decisions and their implementation. The proposed technology has been tested on the example of existing banks in Ukraine as of January 1, 2021. Its use allows determining the current competitive position of a bank in the deposit market and choosing a strategy for managing the formation and use of deposit resources from the proposed: preservation, activation, balancing, directed action, intensification, and aggressive strategy.
State Power

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the history of state power in Goiás, Brazil and evaluates the effectiveness of state institutions in protecting the settler populations from real or potential threats, particularly the black slave population, Indians, and criminals. It analyzes revenue collection and patterns of expenditures, and provides statistics on the provincial budget from 1837 to 1888/9. The chapter suggests that the state presence and state power in the countryside advanced and ebbed over the course of the century and manifested themselves in different ways in different regions at different times.
SH0792111.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Biomaterial based modulation of macrophage polarization: a review and suggested design principles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Macrophages have long been known for their phagocytic capabilities and immune defence; however, their role in healing is being increasingly recognized in recent years due to their ability to polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Historically, biomaterials were designed to be inert to minimize the host response. More recently, the emergence of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has led to the design of biomaterials that interact with the host through tailored mechanical, chemical and temporal characteristics. Due to such advances in biomaterial functionality and an improved understanding of macrophage responses to implanted materials, it is now possible to identify biomaterial design characteristics that dictate the host response and contribute to successful tissue integration. Herein, we begin by briefly reviewing macrophage cell origin and the key cytokine/chemokine markers of macrophage polarization and then describe which responses are favorable for both replacement and regenerative biomaterials. The body of the review focuses on macrophage polarization in response to <em>inherent cues</em> directly provided by biomaterials and the <em>consequent cues</em>that result from events related to biomaterial implantation. To conclude, a section on potential design principles for both replacement and regenerative biomaterials is presented. An in depth understanding of biomaterial cues to selectively polarize macrophages may prove beneficial in the design of a new generation of ‘<em>immuno-informed’</em> biomaterials that can positively interact with the immune system to dictate a favorable macrophage response following implantation.</p>
Stem Cell Factor Plasma Levels are Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Fast Cognitive Decline after One-Year Follow-Up Period: The Pythia-Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of cognitive decline in the elderly and is characterized by massive neuronal loss in the brain. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes neuroprotective effects and supports neurogenesis in the brain. Decreased SCF plasma levels have been described in AD patients. Whether SCF plasma levels are also associated with the rate of cognitive decline in AD patients has not been reported so far. In the present study, we demonstrate that SCF plasma levels are significantly decreased in AD patients with fast cognitive decline (decrease of Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score > 4 after one year; n = 12) compared to AD patients with slow cognitive decline (decrease of MMSE score ≤ 4 after one year; n = 28) (fast versus slow cognitive decline: mean ± SD: 1051.1 ± 178.7 versus 1237.9 ± 274.2 pg/ml; p = 0.037). Moreover, SCF plasma levels correlated with the rate of cognitive decline after one year follow-up period (r = 0.315; p = 0.048). In a multiple linear regression analysis, independent predictors of the rate of cognitive decline in our study cohort were age, MMSE scores at baseline, SCF plasma levels, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa. These results suggest that lower SCF plasma levels are associated with a higher rate of cognitive decline in AD patients. Thus, treatment strategies increasing SCF plasma levels could be useful for delaying the progression of AD. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the value of plasma SCF in a multimarker approach determining AD prognosis.
Predictors of Cognitive Functions After Stroke Assessed Using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: A Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The mechanism(s) of cognitive impairment remains complex, making it difficult to confirm the factors influencing poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Objective: This study quantitatively investigated the degree of influence and interactions of clinical indicators of PSCI. Methods: Information from 270 patients with PSCI and their Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) scores, totaling 18 indicators, were retrospectively collected. Correlations between the indicators and WAIS scores were calculated. Multiple linear regression model(MLR), genetic algorithm modified Back-Propagation neural network(GA-BP), logistic regression model (LR), XGBoost model (XGB), and structural equation model were used to analyze the degree of influence of factors on the WAIS and their mediating effects. Results: Seven indicators were significantly correlated with the WAIS scores: education, lesion side, aphasia, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, diffuse lesions, and disease course. The MLR showed significant effect of education, lesion side, aphasia, diffuse lesions, and frontal lobe on the WAIS. The GA-BP included five factors: education, aphasia, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and diffuse lesions. LR predicted that the lesion side contributed more to mild cognitive impairment, while education, lesion side, aphasia, and course of the disease contributed more to severe cognitive impairment. XGB showed that education, side of the lesion, aphasia, and diffuse lesions contributed the most to PSCI. Aphasia plays a significant mediating role in patients with severe PSCI. Conclusions: Education, lesion side, aphasia, frontal lobe, and diffuse lesions significantly affected PSCI. Aphasia is a mediating variable between clinical information and the WAIS in patients with severe PSCI.
Cross-border cooperation on the EU-Russian borders: results of the program approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cooperation across the Russia-EU border has been drawing much attention in recent years. The majority of studies point out programs’ efficacy, high density of border institutions and resistance to geopolitical risks among other factors. These advancements can be explained by the theory of multilevel collaboration which implies that diverse and multiple cooperation institutions can effectively distinguish matters of high politics from practical issues concerning interests of those living along the external borders. The article aims to analyze the impact of cross-border cooperation programs (CBC Programs) on the thematic, institutional and spatial structure of the cross-border relations. The research is grounded in the overview and analysis of a large volume of empirical data including reports and descriptions of cross-border cooperation programs, data provided by the regional governing agencies, as well as 76 semistructured interviews obtained from regional experts as part of several research expeditions by the Laboratory of Geopolitical Studies of the Institute of Geography RAS taken place over the period from 2011 to 2018. Main characteristics and long-term trends of the cross-border program approach are examined as follows: growth in governmental coordination on various agency levels aimed at development and implementation of mutually beneficial partnerships, creation of joint program management bodies, development of uniform policies and joint funding sources for projects, and interest in maintaining an equal level of collaboration. It is revealed that gradual rise of the programs’ role in cross-border cooperation in the area contributed to the restructuring of its institutional systems, launching selection process for the existing border institutions (euro-regions, crossborder regional councils, and others), as well as triggering the synergy effect among them and the transborder forms of cooperation. The main characteristics of spatial partnership structures are identified. These include those consisting of high concentration of project activities taking place within large urban centers along the external borders and those asymmetrical to cross-border interactions. The former is especially pertinent to the Russian side of the border where just a small number of such centers are involved in up to 70-80% of project activities. Even fewer number of Russian cities initiate their own collaborative projects. A gradual spatial shift of cooperative projects toward the areas immediately proximate to the borders, as well as the decrease in asymmetry of transborder cooperation are identified as the new trends by the author.