jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and biasness of financial analysts.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper evaluates the accuracy and biasness of analysts' forecasts of earnings of firms listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange(SGX).The analysts' forecasts are from the Institutional Brokers' Estimation System (I/B/E/S) for the period of April 1990 to March 2001.We compare them against four naive models and found that analysts' forecasts are more accurate to those of naive models and also improve over time horizons. This supports the arguments that analysts posses informational advantages. We found little difference in terms of forecast superiority between the local and foreign financial analysts, and that their forecasts are biased upwards.This supports the argument that the agency relationship between the brokerage firms and their clients has an effect on analysts making optimistic forecasts.
Mode of spread to and within the central nervous system after oral infection of neonatal mice with the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is a neurotropic enterovirus known to cause biphasic neural disease after intracerebral inoculation into adult mice. The present study characterizes a neonatal mouse model with a high disease incidence for the study of the acute phase of the pathogenesis of the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus after oral infection. The route of viral spread to and within the central nervous system (CNS) was determined by examining the kinetics of viral replication in various organs and by performing histopathological analysis. Viral antigen was detected widely in the neonatal CNS, mainly in the gray matter, and it was asymmetrical and multifocal in its distribution, with considerable variation in lesion distribution from animal to animal. Necrotizing lesions appeared to expand by direct extension from infected cells to their close neighbors, with a general disregard of neuroanatomical boundaries. The diencephalon showed particular susceptibility to viral infection. Other areas of the CNS, including the cerebellum and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, were consistently spared. Neurons with axons extending peripherally to other organs or receiving direct input from the peripheral nervous system were not preferentially affected. The kinetics of viral replication in the liver, spleen, and CNS and the histopathological findings indicate that viral entry to the CNS is via a direct hematogenous route in orally infected neonatal mice and that the disease then progresses within the CNS mainly by direct extension from initial foci.
International Migration and Globalization of Domestic Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1. International migration and the globalization of domestic politics: a conceptual framework 2. Immigrant organizations and the globalization of Turkey's domestic politics 3. Mobilizing ethnic conflict: Kurdish separatism in Germany and the PKK 4. Israelis in a Jewish diaspora: the dilemmas of a globalized group 5. Migrant membership as an instituted process: transnationalization, the state and the extra-territorial conduct of mexican politics 6. Politics from outside: Chinese overseas and political and economic change in China 7. Opposing constructions and agendas: the politics of Hindu and Indian American organizations 8. A marooned diaspora: ethnic Russians in the Near Abroad and their impact on Russia's foreign policy and domestic politics
Perception of brazilian citizens about Darwinism and the (Non) Influence of God in the evolutionary process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current context is unique in relation to the teaching of evolution in Brazil and the population's perception of evolution. On the one hand, it is said often about Darwinism in various media, especially due to the relatively recent commemoration of the two hundred years of the birth of Charles Darwin and one hundred and fifty years of the launch of the book The Origin of Species. On the other hand, it is clear, in recent years, a timid movement, more worryingly, in favor of equitable approach of creationist and evolutionist theories in the classroom. This article is a part of a research whose goal is to raise the design that Brazilian respondents have about the Darwinian view (which disregards the divine influence in the evolution of the species). The instrument used for data collection is a questionnaire, type Likert scale, which consists of a series of statements in which respondents must express their degree of agreement or disagreement with each statement. In this study, we present the results of the statement. "The thought of Darwin, which does not consider God as a participant in the process of evolution, is...". Analysis correlated with data on religion and education of the respondents are also held. The results point to a tendency of respondents not to accept the Darwinian view that disregards God's interference in the evolutionary process. The data also show that respondents' choices are influenced by religion and education. The frequency of responses that tend to accept the Darwinian view (which disregards the divine participation in the evolution of the species) is higher among respondents with higher levels of education. Adherents to religions "evangelical" tend to deny this view more often than followers of other religions. Given the potential risks of inserting creationist approaches in school education, it is necessary a discussion of the possible impacts of this rejection of Darwin's thinking (which does not consider God as a participant in the evolutionary process), indicated here, in the teaching of evolution. This work was supported by FAPEMIG.
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) role in plant response to Xanthomonas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Xanthomonas is an important plant pathogenic bacteria and cause economic losses in a wide range of crop plants. The type III secretion system as a crucial pathogenicity factor is used to inject effector proteins into the host cell. Transcription activator like effectors (TALEs), known in the most Xanthomonas species, are DNA-binding proteins which determine solely the outcome of plant-pathogen interaction. Because of determinative nature of TALE-target gene interaction, the knowledge of pathogen TALome diversity, forecasting susceptibility genes, genome editing using new developed methods have provided novel strategies for management of plant diseases. This article reviews TALEs structure, their role in pathogenicity and resistance, as well development of resistant plants to Xanthomonas using TALome derived results.
Isolation, Extraction, Preclinical and Clinical Studies on Major Anticancer Compounds of Natural Origin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide, occurs when the old and damaged cells, instead of undergoing apoptosis or programmed cell death, ignore the death signals and convert into less-specialized tumor cells and undergo unregulated cell proliferation. For cancer chemotherapy natural products have been the first choice of drugs for over the last 50 years. These natural products are generally secondary metabolites, having small molecular size and being obtained from plants, microorganisms and marine organisms. This is because natural products exhibit the necessary structural diversity, steric complexity and conformation which makes them biologically active and imparts drug-like properties in them. It is also seen that nearly 47% of the commercially available anti-cancer drugs in American, European and Japanese markets are of natural origin or semi-synthetic. Earlier such biologically active molecules were obtained through bioassay-guided isolation method. But, extraction and isolation of active molecules from crude extracts following such traditional procedures is laborious, time-taking and expensive. Therefore, a considerable decline in the discovery of newer anti-cancer drugs in the market was also seen almost 20 years back. With the advent of high-throughput screening technologies selection of active molecules have become easier. These techniques have eased the screening and streamlining of untapped natural product resources. Development of recent advanced technologies has helped in getting better insights into the different cancer pathways. Coupling of these newer technologies with the traditional methods has marked the dawn of newer onco-therapeutic agents, many of which are now in preclinical and clinical stages. This chapter discusses the various anticancer activity possessing biologically active molecules which have reached preclinical and clinical stages.
Promoter Hypermethylation in Cancer Silences LDHB, Eliminating Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes 1-4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes are formed by the random combination of two different subunits encoded by two structurally distinct genes, LDHA and LDHB (1). Expression of mammalian LDHA and LDHB is regulated during development and is tissue specific (2)(3); therefore, alterations in the serum LD isoenzyme pattern serve as indicators of pathologic involvement and cancer development (3). In cancer patients, LD isoenzymes originate primarily from tumor tissues and partly from healthy tissues damaged by tumor expansion and invasion. Different phenotypes may originate from expression regulation by other regulatory genes and by the alteration of LDHA or LDHB caused by mutation; chromosomal deletion; duplication, or increase of copy number; and promoter methylation. The increase in LD1 correlates with the total copy number of the short arm of chromosome 12 in tumor cells (4). Recently, we found a high proportion of LD1 in a patient with retinoblastoma. The unique LD isoenzyme pattern was attributable to transcriptional silencing by promoter hypermethylation of LDHA (5).

In mammals, DNA methylation usually occurs at CpG dinucleotides, which are cytosines located 5′ of guanines. Methylation is known to play a role in regulating gene expression during cell development, X chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, and carcinogenesis (6)(7). In neoplastic cells, some CpG islands in the promoter region that are usually unmethylated become aberrantly methylated, and this leads to transcriptional silencing. Therefore, an epigenetic event is thought to be one mechanism for the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (8).

Human LDHB has a CpG-rich region in its promoter that is similar to that of human LDHA and LDHC (9). We found that five cancer cell lines had only LDHA mRNA (10). Most gastrointestinal cancer patients had electrophoretically slow-moving isoenzymes and the LD-A subunit in their sera (3). We predicted that this …
Developing a Comprehensive Model of the Clothing Industry Using Fuzzy Goal Programming

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to develop a comprehensive model of the clothing industry using fuzzy goal programming. The research was descriptive and the study population consists of over 50 employees of statistical senior managers and directors of companies over 50 employees clothing industry. In this model firstly ideals and fuzzy goal programming are identified. After determining the goals of model the contribution of each goal is set. Finally the overall model has been developed. The model in a case study has been implemented in six periods for six product using data of Teb Posh Gostar Company. To collect data for determining goals of the model a questionnaire was used and was distributed among the statistical population after determining its validity and reliability. A paired questionnaire was used to determine the contribution of the indices of which represented the desired consistency rate of paired comparisons of utility. The results indicate that the developed model has a good reputation and can be used to produce a comprehensive program.
Efficacy of presepsin for identification of patients with microbiologically documented sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Goal of StudyAnastomotic leakages (AL) are rare but severe complications of bowel resections. AL occurs in 5% to 10% of bowel resections; its causes are mostly unknown. The authors tested the thesis whether or not there is a correlation between low coagulation factor XIII (CFXIII) activity and AL in a prospective observational study.MethodsOver a period of 6 months, CFXIII activity of patients who were planned to undergo bowel resection was monitored. CFXIII activity was determined at three stages: (1) directly before the surgery, (2) on the first postoperative (PO) day and (3) on the fifth PO day. After fifteen days patients were divided into two groups: (a) a u201cno-leakageu201d-group and (b) a u201cleakageu201d group. CFXIII activity is given as percentage (normal range 70% to 120%). The medians of the two groups were then compared using the Mann-Whitney-U-Test.Results and DiscussionOf the 78 patients who were included in the study 4 showed signs of AL and had to undergo surgical revision. In the u201cleakageu201d-group CFXIII activity was significantly lower than in the u201cno-leakageu201d-group on the first (median 41% vs 56%, p=0.013) and fifth (median 21% vs 50%, p=0.001) PO day. Also, the preoperative CFXIII activity was lower in the u201cleakageu201d-group but our study does not show a statistically significant correlation (median 60% vs 69%, p= 0.213).ConclusionsAL typically occurs around the fifth PO day. Since CFXIII activity is significantly lower in patients who later developed AL on the first PO day already, we draw the conclusion that there is at least a predictive component in CFXIII activity. It is also possible that low CFXIII activity is a reason for AL. We plan to conduct a further study to determine whether or not patients benefit from CFXIII substitution prior to bowel resections.
Vacation satisfaction and vacationists' quality of life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose. The aim of the present study is to investigate how satisfaction with different aspects of tourism destination contributes to the wellbeing of vacationist. We study the effect of self, functional, hedonic, economic, health and safety, moral and leisure congruities on the enhancement of quality of life reported by vacationists to Thailand.\nMethodology. The study is based on a theoretical model developed in Tokarchuk, Maurer and Bosnjak (2015) according to which satisfaction with different aspects of vacation contributes to vacationists’ quality of life enhancement due to vacation. We extend the model by suggesting that improvements in quality of life influence revisiting intentions and word of mouth intentions. The model is empirically tested on data collected among 976 vacationists to Thailand on their departure. Empirical investigation of the model is performed with the use of structural equation modelling (SEM).\nFindings. We find that all considered congruities positively and significantly contribute to vacationists’ quality of life enhancement. Their contribution can be seen as equally important. We find that quality of life enhancement has positive contribution to post-visit loyalty measured by visiting intentions and word of mouth intentions.\nPractical implications. The model developed and tested in the present study helps practitioners to understand the most important aspects of destination image perceived by vacationists. The results of the model have wide range of application from developing of marketing campaigns to destination improvement and further development.\nOriginality/value. The present study provides additional insight into how satisfaction with various aspects of destination perceived by vacationists influences their wellbeing enhancement due to vacation taken in the destination.
Virulence Determination and Field Efficacy Test on Different Acaricides against Tetranychus truncatus Ehara

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using indoor toxicity and field efficacy to study the prevention effect of Tetranchus truncatus Ehara,the results showed that the density of insecticides exhibited positive dependence with dosage.By indoor toxicity and field efficacy comprehensive analysis,got that against Tetranchus truncatus Ehara,should first chose 0.5% azadirachtin EC,57% propargite EC,20% Pyridaben Wp,5% Abamectin Bla EC,and the effects of prevention were all above 87% in 7 days.
First Japanese Record of <i>Corythoichthys intestinalis</i> (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) from the Ryukyu Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Between 1992 and 2016, 11 specimens (31.1–112.8 mm standard length) of Corythoichthys intestinalis (Ramsay, 1881), collected from Amami-oshima island and Ie-jima island, Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, were identified from the following combination of characters: superior trunk ridge discontinuous with superior tail ridge; lateral trunk ridge straight, ending near anal ring; inferior trunk ridge and tail ridges continuous; 15–16 trunk rings; 49–51 total rings; 26–30 dorsal-fin rays; posterior tail rings with prominent dark markings on dorsum; anal ring without a dark blotch ventrally; and dorsal fin without spots. The species was previously recorded from eastern Borneo to Samoa and Tonga but not from Japan. Hence, the present specimens represent the first Japanese and northernmost records of C. intestinalis. The new standard Japanese name, “Ryukyu-ishiyoji,” is proposed for the species.
Production and Fate of Dissolved Organic Matter in Mediterranean: Formation and Functon of Giant Gels in Northern Adriatic

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The DOM concept has served its purpose in global carbon cycles on oceanic and geological scales [1] and it has been supported by improvements in opperational DOC measurement techniques [2]. However, the DOM concept is questioned, when it comes to a particular process of a new photosynthetic production and DOM fate in a given marine ecosystem. Therefore it is of importance to reconsider and redefine the traditional DOM concept for costal seas. We have selected the case of a most intensive primary production and DOM transformation in a Mediterranean basen, nothern part of the Adriatic Sea, as a possible excersise in validating the DOM concept in view of new instrumental developments [3 and references therein, 4, 5] understandings of microbiological processes [6] and interactions of biopolymers at micro and nanoscales [5, 7]. Literatura: [1] Hedges J I 1992 Global biogeochemical cycles: progress and problems. Mar Chem 39: 67-93. [2] Hedges J I, Lee C 1993 (eds) Measurement of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in natural waters. Mar Chem 41: 1-290. [3] Žutic V, Svetlicic V 2000 Interfacial processes. In: Wangersky P (Ed) Marine Chemistry Vol. 5: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part D. Springer-Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg, p 150-165 and references cited therein. [4] Svetlicic V, Žutic V, Durand-Vidal S 2005, Marine ecology at nanoscale: Supramolecular organization of marine gel. Seeing at Nanoscale III Conference, Sante Barbara, 31. [5] Svetlicic V, Žutic V, Durand-Vidal S 2005, AFM as a tool in marine biophysics. Proceedings of 7th Multinational Congress on Microscopy, Portoroz, Slovenia, 213-214. [6] Azam F, Worden A Z 2004, Microbes, molecules and marine ecosystems, Science 303: 1622-1624. [7] Leppard G G 1995 The characterization of algal and microbial mucilages and their aggregates in aquatic ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 165: 103-131.
On-farm evaluation of the effects of crop rotation system on bread wheat in Bale highlands, south-eastern Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A crop rotation experiment was initiated at Sinana on-farm and Adaba locations in 2001. At both locations, the precursor crops used were food barley ( Hordeum vulgare ), faba bean ( Vicia faba ), field pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lin seed ( Linum usitatissimum ). Fertilizer levels used, were 0-0, 9-23 and 41-46 kg N-P 2 O 5 ha -1 . The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications in factorial arrangement and it was conducted during the period from 2001 to 2010. Combined analysis of the results generated at each location during the period showed that rotation had a significant effect on wheat grain yield and most yield components of wheat both at Sinana and Adaba. At both locations, rotation with faba bean had a marked effect on the grain yield of wheat (4887.40 kg ha -1 ) and (3624.80 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. The next highest grain yield was recorded, wheat rotation with field pea at both locations. The lowest wheat grain yield was recorded, wheat rotation with barley (3945.00 kg ha -1 ) and (2355.90 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. Fertilizer rate had significant effect on most yield and yield components of Wheat at both locations. The highest fertilizer rate (41-46 kg N-P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) recorded the highest grain yield (4689.5 kg ha -1 ) and (3397.1 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. The lowest grain yield was recorded from control plots. In general, from this long-term on-farm rotation trial it is possible to conclude that faba bean and field pea are beneficial break crops in Bale highlands to alleviate wheat production constraints arising due to continuous cereal mono-cropping systems.
Morphological and chemical analysis of bone substitutes by scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis by spectroscopy of dispersion energy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study evaluated the morphological and chemical composition of the following bone substitutes: cancellous and cortical organic bovine bone with macro and microparticle size ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 mm and 0.25 to 1.0 mm, respectively; inorganic bovine bone with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mm; hydroxyapatite with particle size ranging from 0.75 to 1.0 mm; and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. The samples were sputter-coated with gold in an ion coater, the morphology was observed and particle size was measured under vacuum by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was evaluated by spectroscopy of dispersion energy (EDS) microanalysis using samples without coating. SEM analysis provided visual evidence that all examined materials have irregular shape and particle sizes larger than those informed by the manufacturer. EDS microanalysis detected the presence of sodium, calcium and phosphorus that are usual elements of the bone tissue. However, mineral elements were detected in all analyzed particles of organic bovine bone except for macro cancellous organic bovine bone. These results suggest that the examined organic bovine bone cannot be considered as a pure organic material.
How to See President’s Call to International Space Station on April 24

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

President Donald Trump, First Daughter Ivanka Trump, and NASA astronaut Kate Rubins will make a special 20-minute, Earth-to-space call at 10 a.m. EDT Monday, April 24, to personally congratulate NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson for her record-breaking stay aboard the International Space Station.