jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
#493 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implant in a pregnant patient: case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Background

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with a breast implant (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma first described in 1997 and officially recognized by the WHO in 2016. The diagnosis is made based on aspiration of the fluid around the implant and the positivity of the CD30 sample. In the world literature 3 cases of BIA-ALCL associated with pregnancy are described.

Methodology

A 36-year-old woman with gestation age (GA) 26 weeks was admitted with pain in the left breast 5 years after bilateral augmentation. Upon admission, there were no obvious signs of neoplasia or lymphadenopathy. According to ultrasound of the mammary glands and regional lymph nodes, there were no changes outside the periprosthetic capsule. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed. Immunocytochemical examination of periprosthetic fluid: tumor cells positive for CD30, CD4, CD2, negative for ALK, Pan SC (AE1/AE3), which corresponds to the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs, abdominal cavity, MRI of the chest (non-contrast): bilateral seromas on the periphery of breast implants, absence of other pathological formations (stage IA according to the TNM classification) (figure 1). Surgical treatment with the explantation of endoprostheses and the surrounding fibrous capsule in a single block on both sides at 29 weeks GA.

Results

Dynamic monitoring with no signs of progression up to vaginal delivery (40 weeks GA) was performed. A healthy girl, Apgar 8/9, was born. Follow-up including 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed 3 and 12 months after delivery: no pathological changes were detected.

Conclusion

The described case complements the limited available data on this topic, emphasizing that BIA-ALCL should be taken into account for diagnosis in the presence of spontaneous periprosthetic seroma with late onset even during pregnancy and that histological diagnostic signs of the disease do not differ in a pregnant woman.

Disclosures

Nothing to disclose
Numerical and Experimental Crashworthiness Studies of Foam-filled Frusta

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thin-walled metallic components have been widely used as energy absorbers. One key drawback is the high initial crippling load, which typically results in passenger injuries. It is the objective of this study to introduce taper angle to thin-walled prisms, and to examine the crushing response of thin-walled frusta. Nonlinear finite element models of thin-walled frusta of different cross-sectional geometries were developed. Experimental investigations were conducted to validate these models. The effects of key design parameters on the energy absorption characteristics of frusta were explored. Comparison between thin-walled prisms and frusta show that taper angle helps to reduce the initial crippling load and increase the resistance to global buckling. To take advantage of the interaction effects, a novel multi-frusta configuration was developed and it was shown that the energy absorption efficiency is significantly increased. The results of this work are valuable for enhancing the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled metallic energy absorber.
Accuracy of Resident‐Performed Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound Examinations Versus Chest Radiography in Pneumothorax Follow‐up After Tube Thoracostomy in Rwanda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of resident‐performed point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (LUS) examinations for the follow‐up of pneumothorax (PTX) after tube thoracostomy. Methods After brief training, Rwandan surgical residents blinded to chest radiography (CXR) performed and interpreted LUS examinations for PTX in participants undergoing CXR for PTX follow‐up. Treating clinicians interpreted CXR for the presence of PTX for therapeutic decisions. Lung ultrasound was later reviewed by ultrasound experts, and CXR was reviewed by a radiologist. We defined expert LUS interpretation as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of resident‐performed LUS examinations for diagnosing PTX were calculated. We assessed agreement between trained resident versus expert LUS and clinician versus radiology CXR using the Cohen κ coefficient. We compared the time to results between LUS and CXR. Results Over an 8‐month period, 51 participants were enrolled. Compared to expert LUS interpretation, the sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals) of resident LUS were 100% (85%–100%) and 96% (82%–100%), respectively, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of clinician‐interpreted CXR were 48% (27%–69%) and 100% (88%–100%). The agreement between resident and expert LUS was excellent (κ = 0.96), whereas the agreement between clinician and radiologist CXR was only moderate (κ = 0.60). The time to results was significantly longer for CXR than LUS (mean, 1335 versus 396 minutes; P = .0001). Conclusions A resident‐performed LUS examination was a quicker imaging modality with superior sensitivity compared to clinician‐interpreted CXR for PTX follow‐up after tube thoracostomy in this Rwandan study. Lung ultrasound can be a valuable imaging tool for PTX follow‐up, especially in resource‐limited settings.
MICROINJECTION OF VEGF INTO THECAE INCREASE FACILITATION NOCICEPTIVE RESPONSE IN MONONEUROPATHIC RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effects of microinjection of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)into thecae on the nociceptive responses in mononuropathic rats.Methods The latency of hindpaw withdrawal(HWL) from the hot-plate(52℃) and the mechanical test in SD rats were used as an index to measure the pain threshold,the effect of microinjection of VEGF,SU1498 into thecae on HWLs was observed.Results Intrathecal administration of 0.2 and 0.4 nmoL VEGF significantly induced bilateral decrease in HWLs in dose-dependent manner.Administration of 0.4 nmoL SU1498 significantly may reverse VEGF-induced decrease in bilateral HWLs.Conclusion The results suggest that VEGF plays a facilitating role on the HWLs to nociceptive stimulation and that the VEGFR2/Flk-1 receptor in spinal cord participate in an interaction in the transmission of nociceptive information of mononeuropathic rats.
Sight‐threatening orbital emphysema treated with needle decompression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A bstract Orbital emphysema is rare in the absence of trauma, and is unlikely to result in visual loss. The authors describe a patient with no prior trauma who presented with decreased vision and increased intraocular pressure due to severe orbital emphysema after a sneeze. Computed tomography revealed subcutaneous emphysema of the lid and extraconal air in the orbit. Emergency needle decompression resulted in improvement in vision and intraocular pressure.
Supplementary material from "Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSN axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared after accounting for body size. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
On energy and particle production in cosmology: the particular case of the gravitino

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is well-known that the number of particles produced in cosmology, commonly defined in the literature from the Fock space of the instantaneous hamiltonian of the canonically normalized fields, is ambiguous. On the other hand, the energy computed from the energy-momentum tensor should be physical. We compare the corresponding Fock spaces and relate them through a Bogolyubov transformation. We find that for particles of spin $0$, $1$ and $3/2$ the two Fock spaces are different, whereas they are the same for spin $1/2$ fermions. For spin $0$ and $1$, for particles of high momenta the two Fock spaces align, as intuitively expected. For the spin $3/2$, one finds two puzzles. The first one is that the two corresponding Fock spaces do not match even in the limit of high momenta. The second is that whereas we provide evidence for the equivalence theorem between longitudinal gravitinos and the goldstino in terms of an exact matching between the lagrangians and the instantaneous hamiltonians for the canonically normalized fields, the energy operator computed from the Rarita--Schwinger action does not seem to be captured in a simple way by the goldstino action. Our results suggest a re-analysis of non-thermal gravitino production in cosmology.
The Effect of Antecedent Mood On Customer Loyalty Intentions: A Mood-By-Gender Interaction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study suggests that induced antecedent moods may, in a systematic manner, influence subsequent levels of loyalty intention within consumer scenarios. Furthermore, this research finds that there exists differential responses to induced mood states by gender, which fall in line with research on the underlying gender differences in cognitive processing, levels of risk aversion, motivation, and the experience of emotion while shopping. Past studies in this area have shown only a mild connection between induced antecedent mood state and loyalty intentions, which may be due in part to the issue of an emotion by gender interaction. This paper reinforces previous work and extends this relationship to include gender as moderator. With a better understanding of the way in which different mood states influence customer loyalty intentions, a new approach to managing customer mood-states emerges.
Development of the comminution 'energy curve'

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The ability to rank individual mines by comminution energy intensity in an international database was identified as a priority by the Coalition for Energy-Efficient Comminution in 2012 (Napier-Munn, Drinkwater, & Ballantyne, 2012). Providing a tool to compare the comminution energy intensity of a mine against the industry distribution will incentivise an improvement in energy productivity. It is acknowledged that there is a tendency for the mining industry to avoid benchmarking operational performance because of the inherent variability in geology, mining technique and process design at different mines internationally. Therefore, any tool must be simple to understand, comprehensive in nature and flexible in application. Allowing a number of measures for energy intensity to be included in the analysis (e.g. energy per rock milled or metal produced) will provide a fairer comparison between sites. The cost curve format widely published by financial organisations has been used to visualise the variability in processing energy intensity across the industry. The applications of energy curves are many and varied. It can be used to map the position of the mine as production progresses with year-on-year analysis. Circuit design proposals can be compared to assess the position of the mine on the energy curve when operational. Operational efficiency improvements can be mapped on the curves to visually assess the magnitude of reductions achievable through various strategies. The efficiency with which the various comminution devices achieve size reduction can be mapped down a circuit to identify opportunities for improvement and the magnitude of achievable gains. This technique allows the current position of the mine to be identified, providing operators with the insight to achieve best practice and move their operation down the energy curve to a more productive and efficient location. A major outcome from the recent 2014 CEEC workshop was to increase the number of mines in the study to greater than 50% of the copper and gold production internationally, while also extending the methodology to other commodities such as platinum and nickel.
From special operations to special political action: The ‘rump SOE’ and SIS post‐war covert action capability 1945–1977

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the post‐war dismantling of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and amalgamation with the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). It is argued that the existing literature has been unclear on this matter, confusing two very different SIS departments, the Special Operations Branch and the Special Political Action Section. The article then examines how the assets and personnel of SOE were dispersed to three different divisions of the SIS; the Directorates of Production, Training and Development and War Planning, and then examines the separate origins and function of the Special Political Action Section.
Knowledge of Physiotherapy Practice among Medical Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Medical doctors have profound influence on other health professions including physiotherapist as they are at the top of the pyramid of healthcare profession. There is a lack of knowledge of physiotherapy among medical doctors. They may not be knowing of all physiotherapy services and practice. The objective of this study was to find adequate knowledge of physiotherapy practice among medical interns in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on medical interns of a tertiary hospital of Kathmandu between 21st March - 20th May 2021, after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A convenient sampling method was used and sample size was calculated to be 94. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic details and knowledge of Physiotherapy. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: The knowledge of physiotherapy practice was seen adequate among 16 (17%) (95% Confidence Interval = 9.41-24.59) medical interns. Physiotherapy is effective in reducing pain was acknowledged by 89 (97.4 %), 61 (64.9 %) had knowledge about conditions treated by physiotherapy, 55 (58.5 %) had knowledge that physiotherapy treatment follows definite treatment protocol and 26 (27.7 %) had knowledge that exercise prescription is done in physiotherapy. Conclusions: The prevalence of adequate knowledge is less in our study which is similar to other studies done in similar settings. Therefore, there is a need of educating the future medical doctors about physiotherapy, thereby reaching a better patient care.
Financial performance explanations and institutional setting

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether country differences in the institutional setting for financial reporting affect the attributes of managers’ explanations of performance in management commentary reports. We include 172 listed companies from five industries (building materials, food processors, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and retail) in the UK, Australia, the USA and Canada in 2003. We find significant country differences in attributional properties of performance explanations in management commentary reports. The US and Canadian companies are generally less assertive and less defensive in causal explanations offered compared to their counterparts in the UK and Australia. The North American companies are also more extensive and formal in their explanations, relying more heavily on technical‐accounting language. These tendencies are most pronounced in the USA, where the aggregate of private and public enforcement is greatest. Taken together, our evidence suggests that higher expected regulatory and litigation costs induce a more elaborative, but risk‐averse explanatory stance that may well reduce the overall incremental value of the explanations offered.
Nurses' Health Literacy and Patient-Centered Care Competencies in Cardiovascular Disease Management: A Literature Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasingly complex, necessitating improved health management by both patients and providers. This literature review examines the impact of health literacy, patient-centered care, and nurses' competencies in addressing the challenges posed by CVDs. A literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, EBSCOhost, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. The search focused on studies published within the last 20 years, using MESH terms and keywords such as "health literacy competency," "patient-centered care," and "nurses." The review emphasizes that higher levels of health literacy in the general population contribute to better overall health, influencing social determinants, health behavior, and health promotion. Limited health literacy is associated with adverse outcomes, including higher medical costs and lower quality health services. Nurses play a crucial role in recognizing the impact of limited health literacy and utilizing universal health literacy precautions. Patient-centered care has demonstrated benefits in managing chronic illnesses like CVDs, improving patient involvement, treatment adherence, and satisfaction. Effective communication, developing partnerships, and health promotion are key objectives in patient- centered care delivery.
Misdiagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by computed tomography with angiography: a potential pitfall.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The introduction of helical computed tomography (CT) has led to an increase in the number and complexity of CT protocols. This situation has resulted in a new source of error in the interpretation of CT scans. The authors report a case in which a hyperattenuating cyst discovered incidentally at the time of CT with angiography could have been misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma.
Recent Developments in the Theory of Inflation and Unemployment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Theoretical and empirical research on the causes, costs, and cures of inflation and unemployment preoccupies a substantial portion of the economics profession. Any comprehensive survey of this body of work, while perhaps providing substantial revenue for the paper and ink industries, would be too indigestible to attract serious readers. Fortunately the restrictive word limit imposed on this paper prohibits an encyclopaedic review and requires a delimitation of scope. The paper takes a selective rather than comprehensive approach and is concerned with the causes of inflation and unemployment but not with their costs and cures; with theoretical developments but not with the results of empirical tests; and with papers written during the last decade but not those written earlier.2 The paper's scope includes the causes of unemployment as well as inflation, because the most interesting recent papers have treated both phenomena as part of a single analytical problem, for instance, those which model the optimal adjustment by firms of employment and wage rates in response to unexpected changes in product demand.
In Vitro Assessment of Urinary Isolates of Ampicillin-Resistant Enterococci

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies of ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE) were performed with vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin. Ampicillin MICs were determined to make comparisons with achievable urinary concentrations of ampicillin. DESIGN: From July 1998 to April 1999, all enterococci isolated from urinary specimens were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin by disk diffusion. For all ARE, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin susceptibilities were determined by use of either disk diffusion or the E-test. Ampicillin MICs were determined for these isolates by liquid agar microdilution testing. ARE were identified to the species level on the basis of biochemical reactions. SETTING: The study was performed at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. OUTCOME MEASURES: In vitro susceptibility studies and MIC determinations were performed in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. RESULTS: A total of 310 urine samples were culture positive for enterococcus. Thirty (9.7%) unduplicated isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Of these, nine ARE isolates (30%) were also vancomycin resistant, whereas only 2 ampicillin-susceptible isolates were vancomycin resistant (p < 0.05). All ARE were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 29 (96.7%) were resistant to trovafloxacin. Nine (30%), 18 (60%), and 3 (10%) isolates had an ampicillin MIC of 128, 256, and 512 μg/mL, respectively. Ampicillin MICs did not differ significantly between vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant isolates (p = 0.963). Twenty-seven isolates (90%) were identified as Enterococcus faecium; the other 3 were either Enterococcus avium or Enterococcus raffinosus. CONCLUSIONS: Ampicillin resistance is associated with resistance to vancomycin. Most ARE are resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin. Ampicillin MICs for ARE found in these urinary specimens were all within 1 dilution of 256 μg/mL, a concentration achievable in the urine with higher doses of oral amoxicillin or intravenous ampicillin. Additional studies are needed to assess the clinical implications of these data.
The Effect of Modeling Learning on Early Grade Numeracy Learning in Public Primary Schools in Banguntapan Sub-District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of modeling learning on the counting ability of early grade students in the District Public Elementary School P. The type of research conducted was quantitative quasi experiment. The research was conducted by involving two groups of classes, namely the experimental group and the control group. The research population included all early grade elementary school students in the District P area. The research sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through two main techniques, namely counting tests through pre-test and post-test, and observation. Data analysis used descriptive statistical techniques and Paired t-test. The results of the Paired t-test test for modeling learning have an effect on early grade counting learning with a statistical calculation of t count (3.76) > t table (1.68). The conclusion of this research is that modeling learning can significantly improve learning outcomes in arithmetic learning for early grade elementary school students.