jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investment Climate in the Gulf

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Gulf countries are at the threshold of a new economic era characterized by reduced dependence on oil revenues, diversification of the economic structure, rationalization of public expenditures, wider involvement of the private sector, enhancement of local skills and products and greater emphasis of regional co-operation. While Gulf countries may differ in their overall economic performance, they are basically at comparable stages of development. They also have similar resource and structural base and share common future strategic outlook.KeywordsPrivate SectorSaudi ArabiaInvestment OpportunityInvestment ClimateGulf CountryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Aluminum and germanium paramagnetic centers in vein quartz and rock crystals from the Subpolar Urals

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The major economic types of vein quartz and rock crystals from the Subpolar Urals were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance. Quartz is characterized by widely variable concentrations of aluminum and germanium paramagnetic centers. The average values and ranges of these concentrations increase from older to younger generations of quartz. The lowest content of aluminum and germanium paramagnetic centers is typical of granulated and primary fine-grained quartz; in coarse-grained quartz and rock crystals, the content is much higher. According to the data obtained, granulated and primary fine-grained quartz should be regarded as a potentially high-quality raw material for glass melting, because these quartz varieties are distinguished by the lowest contents of alien structural centers. Once mineral impurities eliminated, high-quality quartz concentrate can be produced from this quartz.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Contrastive Learning for OCT Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate segmentation of retinal fluids in 3D Optical Coherence Tomography images is key for diagnosis and personalized treatment of eye diseases. While deep learning has been successful at this task, trained supervised models often fail for images that do not resemble labeled examples, e.g. for images acquired using different devices. We hereby propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework for segmentation of volumetric images from new unlabeled domains. We jointly use supervised and contrastive learning, also introducing a contrastive pairing scheme that leverages similarity between nearby slices in 3D. In addition, we propose channel-wise aggregation as an alternative to conventional spatial-pooling aggregation for contrastive feature map projection. We evaluate our methods for domain adaptation from a (labeled) source domain to an (unlabeled) target domain, each containing images acquired with different acquisition devices. In the target domain, our method achieves a Dice coefficient 13.8% higher than SimCLR (a state-of-the-art contrastive framework), and leads to results comparable to an upper bound with supervised training in that domain. In the source domain, our model also improves the results by 5.4% Dice, by successfully leveraging information from many unlabeled images.
Experimental technique for quick and efficient lensed fibre to ridge waveguide coupling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors describe a fast and efficient technique for lensed fibre to waveguide coupling, based upon imaging the waveguide facets. In this technique, the lensed fibre is scanned across a ridge waveguide facet while the reflected power from the facet is measured through a circulator. The measurements allow for the facet to be imaged and the lensed fibre location that provides optimum coupling can be determined. The technique provides an optimal method of coupling light into micron‐scale passive waveguide structures, with an efficiency close to that of the theoretical limit.
Rheological study of poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulphonic acid) semiinterpenetrating network formation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The formation of a series of semiinterpenetrating network (SIPN) hydrogels made by free‐radical copolymerization of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) with varying comonomer mole ratios, crosslinked with N , N ′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBAA) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with average molecular weight 6,000 g mol −1 was studied via determination of complex viscosity, η*, using plate–plate rheometry. The isothermal time dependence of η* at various temperatures or the variation of η* with temperature of pregel solutions was utilized to detect the onset of gelation. The SIPN systems were compared with the corresponding gels made under the same conditions in the absence of PEG. The copolymer mainchain composition has a major effect on the time or temperature for onset of gelation and in particular gelation appears to be inhibited to some extent by MBAA when the AMPS/NIPA mole ratio in the pregel solution exceeds 0.5. The presence or absence of PEG in pregel solutions has a lesser effect on gelation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2083–2087, 2004
Development of an applicattion to improve traceability and food safety management

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Food safety has become an important food quality attribute within the last decade. Facing recent food scandals taken up by the media, consumers are more and more concerned about and interested in the provenance and authenticity of their food. Both food industry and authorities need to be able to trace back and to authenticate food products and raw materials used for food production to comply with legislation and to meet the food safety and food quality requirements as well as the increasing consumer demand. Therefore, food companies are faced with the problem of defining and implementing a series of procedures, controls and measures. Moreover, it is necessary to define an application method which is both rigorous and economically sustainable in order to guarantee the safe production of food and to be able to trace it along the food chain. The application was designed to manage traceability as well as to help in the quality control and production improvement, using an user-friendly interface. This application was developed in Visual Basic over an SQL database and its main features are: to register quality control parameters of raw materials, in-course products and final products; to manage reception, production and expedition orders; to analyse production costs, productivity, raw materials and products’ consumptions; to define and print labels containing lot information and other relevant data; to trace products during the food chain (from raw materials to final client). All these informations are accessible either from pre-defined reports either exported to intranet based on Internet Explorer or other browser. Usually the process to assure traceability, specially in food products (due to the large number of ingredients involved in a single formulation) is very time-consuming, involves lots of paperwork and consequently a large number of resources are expended in this laborious task. This application can minimize efforts involved in traceability and managing food quality and safety systems.
A fuzzy logic based predictive model for early detection of stroke

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent time stroke becomes life threatening deadly cause and it just increasing at global alarming state. Stroke occurs when blood flow interrupt in brain. Now it is highly demanded to use computational expertise for detecting stroke. The proposed system of stroke prediction focuses potential and crucial risk factors of stroke to design the model. The data set was collected from Dhaka medical college, situated in Bangladesh and by using data mining technique; the unnecessary risk factors are pruned. By using Fuzzy logic Inference System and C-means fuzzy classifier, input data is classified. Later on, we generate fuzzy if-then rule by using fuzzy Inference System to make a better prediction model. The developed predictive model gained satisfaction of physicians' as it provides higher accuracy. The developed model will not only aid needy one but also it will help medical experts.
The antioxidation effects of the extracts of the Ampelopsis palm crack

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aconiteleaf ampelopsis palm[Latin name:Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bge.var.palmiloba(Carr.) rehd.] total flavonoids to the antioxidant activity of edible oils and fats.Total flavone extract reduces fat POV value study of lipid peroxidation indexes.The results showed that palm ampelopsis total flavonoids extract can effectively delay the oil lipid peroxidation,and with the increase in the amount of extract added,antioxidation also increases.When 50 g grease was added to the extract 0.036 g,similar antioxidant effect by adding 0.01 g BHT,add to extract mass greater than 0.036 g,superior to its antioxidant effect by adding 0.01 g BHT.
Enhancing conversational recommendation systems through the integration of KNN with ConLinUCB contextual bandits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recommender system research, contextual multi-armed bandits have shown promise in delivering tailored recommendations by utilizing contextual data. However, their effectiveness is often curtailed by the cold start problem, arising from the lack of initial user data. This necessitates extensive exploration to ascertain user preferences, consequently impeding the speed of learning. The advent of conversational recommendation systems offers a solution. Through these systems, the conversational contextual bandit algorithm swiftly learns user preferences for specific key-terms via interactive dialogues, thereby enhancing the learning pace. Despite these advancements, there are limitations in current methodologies. A primary issue is the suboptimal integration of data from key-term-centric dialogues and arm-level recommendations, which could otherwise expedite the learning process. Another crucial aspect is the strategic suggestion of exploratory key phrases. These phrases are essential in quickly uncovering users potential interests in various domains, thus accelerating the convergence of accurate user preference models. Addressing these challenges, the ConLinUCB framework emerges as a groundbreaking solution. It ingeniously combines feedback from both arm-level and key-term-level interactions, significantly optimizing the learning trajectory. Building upon this, the framework integrates a K-nearest neighbour (KNN) approach to refine key-term selection and arm recommendations. This integration hinges on the similarity of user preferences, further hastening the convergence of the parameter vectors.
Application of a pressure gradient method to a transient natural convection problem.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The pressure gradient method using components of pressure gradients as dependent variables is applied to the simulation of two-dimensional transient natural convection in a horizontal circular cylinder, where fluid is initially at rest, and then the wall is subject to a step change of temperature. It is found that, at least in the case of a low Grashof number flow, relative errors of velocity, pressure, and temperature, produced by the present method are smaller than those produced by a primitive velocity-pressure variable method and that, over the wide range of a Grashof number, from 5×102 to 2×105, the prediction of the maximum of the magnitude of velocity at the center and of the time when the magnitude of the velocity at the center becomes maximum is in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Nano-fabrication of complex functional structures using non- conventional lithography

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In Chapter 1 I will present a brief introduction on the state of art of nanotechnologies, nanofabrication techniques and unconventional lithography as a technique to fabricate the novel electronic device as resistive switch so-called memristor is shown. In Chapter 2 a detailed description of the main fabrication and characterization techniques employed in this work is reported. Chapter 3 parallel local oxidation lithography (pLOx) describes as a main technique to obtain accurate patterning process. All the effective parameters has been studied and the optimized condition observed to highly reproducible with excellent patterned nanostructures. The effect of negative bias, calls local reduction (LR) studied. Moreover, the use of AC bias shows faster patterning process respect to DC bias. In Chapter 4 (metal/ e-SiO2/ Si nanojunction) it is shown how the electrochemical oxide nanostructures by using pLOx can be used in the fabrication of novel devices call memristor. We demonstrate a new concept, based on conventional materials, where the lifetime problem is resolved by introducing a “regeneration” step, which restores the nano-memristor to its pristine condition by applying an appropriate voltage cycle. In Chapter 5 (Graphene/ e-SiO2/ Si), Graphene as a building block material is used as an electrode to selectively oxidize the silicon substrate by pLOx set up for the fabrication of novel resistive switch device. In Chapter 6 (surface architecture) I will show another application of pLOx in biotechnology is shown. So the surface functionalization combine with nano-patterning by pLOx used to design a new surface to accurately bind biomolecules with the possibility of studying those properties and more application in nano-bio device fabrication. So, in order to obtain biochips, electronic and optical/photonics devices Nano patterning of DNA used as scaffolds to fabricate small functional nano-components.
Optimisation of mobility hub locations for a sustainable mobility system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mobility hubs facilitate the comfortable transfer between different means of transport. However, the optimal location of mobility hubs challenges municipalities due to the complexity of urban structures and the need to anticipate changes in travel behaviour. This study proposes an interdisciplinary approach to establish a more sustainable transport network by determining optimal locations for mobility hubs from a municipality’s perspective. Based on a pre-selection using a transport planning approach, we use a bilevel optimisation model to find optimal locations. The model minimizes external costs at the upper level while considering users’ route and mode choices at the lower level. We validate our approach in a case study of Aachen, Germany. Our findings indicate that implementing bike-sharing stations can significantly contribute to developing a more sustainable transportation network, while one-way car-sharing stations do not contribute to a more sustainable transport network within the model as they primarily draw away users from more sustainable modes.
Significance of GC/FT-IR and GC/MS in recognizing the sources of organic materials from sediments along the Suez Gulf Shoreline, Egypt

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present work aims to using the application of GC, GC/MS, UV, and FT/IR spectroscopy organic matters extracted from sedimentary hydrocarbons from six coastal stations located in the Gulf of Suez and proposed to evaluate hydrocarbons in the sediments. The results the origins of hydrocarbons are multiple sources from terrestrial inputs, biogenic, and pyrolytic. Abundance of vascular plant n C23– n C33 alkanes with a high odd-to-even predominance, pristane, and phytane beside nC29/nC17 ratios and the presence of biogenic hopanes indicate the predominance of biogenic in combination with petrogenic hydrocarbons. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis indicates high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as mono- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are useful tool in organic geochemistry studies. UV analysis for organic matters incorporated in sediments reveals that oil pollutants have considerable amounts of aromatic compounds.
The Experimental Induction of Prenatal Mortality and the Subsequent Elimination of the Dead Embryos in Rabbits

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT All the embryos in utero in pregnant rabbits were killed in a few hours by 5 mg. of stilboestrol administered subcutaneously. Experiments were performed on fourteen animals at 11 days, twelve animals at 1534 days and three animals at 19–20 days post-coitum. Embryos killed with stilboestrol administered at 11 or 1534 days post-coitum were invariably reabsorbed. Abortion occurred when the embryos were killed by stilboestrol at 19–20 days. Some or all of the embryos were killed in sixteen animals at 16 days and in five animals at 19–20 days post-coitum by perforating the uterus, membranes and embryos with a needle at laparotomy. Many of the embryos survived this treatment. Abortion occurs as a rule, but not invariably, when all the embryos are killed by surgical means. In the 16-day-series abortion is probably preceded by an initial period of autolysis. In the 20-day-series one animal reabsorbed but the others aborted. Destruction of some only of the embryos at 16 or 20 days post-coitum by surgical means usually results in reabsorption of the dead embryos and the maintenance of pregnancy, but may result in abortion. The occurrence of abortion may depend on the stage of development attained by the placenta. Abortion occurred at 1912-25 days post-coitum. There was no evidence that abortion occurred before the 19th day. The speed at which reabsorption proceeds varies with the stage of development of the embryos at the time of death, the manner of death, and whether some or all the embryos die. Reabsorption proceeds much more quickly after stilboestrol administration than after surgical interference. The dead embryos are much more persistent when others survive and the mother remains pregnant than when all are killed surgically. It is uncertain whether the greater rapidity of removal, when all embryos die, is due to more rapid autolysis or is due to the curtailment of reabsorption by abortion.
Cytotoxic T cells induce proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by secreting interferon-γ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasia arising from the oncogenic break point cluster region/Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 translocation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in a leukemia stem cell (LSC). Curing CML depends on the eradication of LSCs. Unfortunately, LSCs are resistant to current treatment strategies. The host’s immune system is thought to contribute to disease control, and several immunotherapy strategies are under investigation. However, the interaction of the immune system with LSCs is poorly defined. In the present study, we use a murine CML model to show that LSCs express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and co-stimulatory molecules and are recognized and killed by leukemia-specific CD8+ effector CTLs in vitro. In contrast, therapeutic infusions of effector CTLs into CML mice in vivo failed to eradicate LSCs but, paradoxically, increased LSC numbers. LSC proliferation and differentiation was induced by CTL-secreted IFN-γ. Effector CTLs were only able to eliminate LSCs in a situation with minimal leukemia load where CTL-secreted IFN-γ levels were low. In addition, IFN-γ increased proliferation and colony formation of CD34+ stem/progenitor cells from CML patients in vitro. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which the immune system contributes to leukemia progression and may be important to improve T cell–based immunotherapy against leukemia.
Poetry: An ancillary technique in couples group therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The use of poetry as an ancillary technique in couples groups is examined. In noting the use of the arts in family and group therapy, poetry is suggested as an additional method of facilitating group process and breaking down resistance with couples. While the use of poetry in therapy has been described elsewhere, it has received little attention with couples and family therapy. Some techniques described in this report include the use of reactions to a poem or song; the construction of collaborative and dyadic poems; and the development of images from dialogue. An example of a short-term couples group is presented. Therapists are cautioned about the limitations of the method, such as supporting intellectualizations. Utilized as a medium, poetry can be an aid to the therapist in helping clients express feelings and examine communication patterns.
Establishing and Disseminating an Education Program for Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheterization to Ensure Patient Safety

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

中心静脈穿刺による医療事故の低減には，より安全な手技である超音波ガイド下中心静脈穿刺の普及が急務である．そのためには，超音波ガイド下中心静脈穿刺を正しく教えることができる指導者の育成が必須である．日本医学シミュレーション学会では，本邦で初めて超音波ガイド下中心静脈穿刺の指導者養成コースを策定し，指導者の育成を開始した．これにより，標準化した指導法に基づいた穿刺手技を研修医に教育していく道筋ができた．しかし，指導者養成コースの実施には，多大な労力と費用を必要とする．さらに，教育すべき医師もおびただしい数に上る．医療安全を推進するために，日本医学シミュレーション学会のさらなる活動が求められている．
Mycosphaerella caricae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella caricae . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Carica papaya . DISEASE: Fruit rot, leaf spot and stem rot of pawpaw. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, USA (Hawaii), Papua New Guinea, West Irian. Central America & West Indies: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico. South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, by water splash and contact through natural wounds.
The “Rip Word” And Tattered Syntax: From “the word go” to “the word begone”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Starting with a close analysis of Beckett’s “brotherly likes”, those seemingly infinite patterns of “generation and reproduction” that informs all of Beckett’s oeuvre, the essay examines Beckett’s “ronde syntaxique” (syntactic circle or syntactic round) and the close relationship between words and images in his work, as well as on his Ur-image of the clouds parting at sunset. This “introduces the new matter of loss, lessness, of a movement not in rounds but worstward, not Joyce’s ‘the seim anew’ but change, although for the worst”.
Profile of Ocular Manifestations in Pemphigus Pateints

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To study the ocular manifestations in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP)patients.Methods: Cross-sectional Observational Study was conducted on patients diagnosed with alltypes of pemphigus attending Outpatient Department at Basaveshwara Hospital, Chitradurgafrom December 2021 to September 2022.Exclusion criteria being Patients on chronic antiglaucoma medications, Pre-existing dry eye orxerophthalmic patients, Patients on long-term topical steroids usage in eye, Patients whounderwent previous ocular surgeries, Patients with previous corneal scar.Results: A total of 50 patients of pemphigus were examined. Out of 50, 12 patients had ocularinvolvement. Duration of disease of all patients was more than 6 months. Redness and burningsensation was the most common symptom. The most common ocular signs, being conjunctivalhyperemia, and moderate dry eye. Ocular manifestations are more common with bullouspemphigoid patients than other types.Conclusions: High occurrence of dry eye and conjunctival scarring can lead to visualmorbidity. Thus ocular examination of pemphigus patients prevents long-term sequelae andcomplications.