jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring conversation coordination in patients with schizophrenia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) are known to be impaired in their social and communication abilities. However, these impairments are not well characterized. More specifically, little is known about how SZ individuals take into account their interlocutor during conversation. Verbal backchannels (e.g., okay, yes) have been described as crucial cues that contribute to conversation coordination by allowing the updating of knowledge shared between interlocutors (Gravano & Hirschberg, 2011, Comput. speech lang. , 25 , 601-634). They could reflect the ability of interlocutors to take into account their partner’s perspective during conversation. Objectives The aim of the present study was to explore how SZ individuals manage conversation coordination with their interlocutor. Methods Thirty-one SZ participants and 30 healthy control (HC) participants matched for age and educational level performed a referential communication task with a partner (i.e., a collaborative game; Champagne-Lavau et al., 2009, Cogn. Neuropsychiatry, 14, 217-239.). During this game, they played either the role of Director (condition 1) or the role of Addressee (condition 2) with an experimenter. In condition 1, we performed prosodic analyses on the cues known to predict the production of a backchannel (i.e., backchannel-inviting cues, Gravano & Hirschberg, 2011) by the Addressee (e.g., duration and intonational contour of the Director’s utterance produced before the backchannel). In condition 2, we performed phonetic analyses (e.g., f0min, f0max, pitch span, duration) on the backchannels (i.e., yes) produced by the Addressee. SZ participants’ severity of symptoms was measured using the PANSS. Participants were also assessed on their theory of mind abilities with the Hinting task. Results Data from 22 SZ and 17 HC participants were analyzed. The main results did not show any difference between SZ and HC participants regarding the production of backchannel-inviting cues (condition 1) and regarding the number of backchannels produced (condition 2). However, phonetic analyses in condition 2 showed that SZ participants produced backchannels with a shorter duration (222 ms ± 85) and a reduced pitch span (0.443 ± 0.301) compared to HC participants (duration: 265 ms ± 91; pitch span: 0.586 ± 0.367). We also found a correlation between pitch span and PANSS (general score) (r = -0.467, p = 0.029) and a correlation marginally significant between pitch span and theory of mind abilities (r = 0.395, p = 0.069). Conclusions This exploratory study seems to show that SZ participants’ production of backchannels (reflecting their role in conversation coordination) is related to their theory of mind abilities and to their symptoms. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Science and Religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Most scientists today have ceased to bother about the famous nineteenth-century ‘conflict with religion’. It is over. They do not think that religion has been defeated; more seriously, they think it has become irrelevant to them. And unfortunately the scientists who do believe in Christianity, even those who are Catholic, contribute to this notion. Their religion is best kept at arm’s length, kept for Sundays. Those who write about the matter have found the perfect formula to ensure that no conflict should be possible; they insist that no point of contact can be found. Science and religion are about quite different realms, they say; science deals with the laws that govern the material universe, while religion is about spiritual truths, ultimately about a remote and immaterial God. Such a picture is thoroughly false and misleading. But it is true that a lot of popular Catholic teaching does contribute to the existence of a general attitude of this kind in the community at large. It is still far too ‘spiritualist’ in outlook; children are still being taught, often enough, that their bodies are not really necessary, that the great moment to hope for is the escape of their souls from imprisonment in matter, from this wicked world of flesh (and, by implication, from all those nasty people) in order to wing away alone to God. No wonder there is a general impression that matter is not quite nice, and in consequence Catholics leaving school still receive nothing like the same encouragement to take up science as they do to take up arts. Or if they have been allowed to go to the science side at school, this is because of the great openings it offers: science is the gateway to influence and power, to be used naturally enough for the Church’s advancement. That scientific work can in itself be a spiritual activity is mentioned much less often.
Squeezing-induced quantum-enhanced multiphase estimation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate how squeezing techniques can improve the measurement precision in multiphase quantum metrology. While these methods are well-studied and effectively used in single-phase estimations, their usage in multiphase situations has yet to be examined. We fill this gap by investigating the mechanism of quantum enhancement in the multiphase scenarios. Our analysis provides theoretical and numerical insights into the optimal condition for achieving the quantum Cramer-Rao bound, helping us understand the potential and mechanism for quantum-enhanced multiphase estimations with squeezing. This research opens up new possibilities for advancements in quantum metrology and sensing technologies.
The Curated Food System: A Limiting Aspirational Vision of What Constitutes “Good” Food

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an effort to elucidate an aspirational vision for the food system and explore whether the characteristics of such a system inadvertently set unattainable standards for low-wealth rural communities, we applied discourse analysis to the following qualitative datasets: (1) interviews with food experts and advocates, (2) scholarly and grey literature, (3) industry websites, and (4) email exchanges between food advocates. The analysis revealed eight aspirational food system discourses: production, distribution, and infrastructure; healthy, organic, local food; behavioral health and education; sustainability; finance and investment; hunger relief; demand-side preferences; romanticized, community led transformations. Study findings reveal that of eight discourses, only three encompass the experiences of low-wealth rural residents. This aspirational food system may aggravate the lack of autonomy and powerlessness already experienced by low-wealth rural groups, perpetuate a sense of failure by groups who will be unable to reach the aspirational food vision, silence discourses that might question those that play a role in the inequitable distribution of income while sanctioning discourses that focus on personal or community solutions, and leave out other policy-based solutions that address issues located within the food system. Further research might explore how to draw attention to silenced discourses on the needs and preferences of low-wealth rural populations to ensure that the policies and programs promoted by food system experts mitigate poor diets caused by food insecurity. Further research is needed to inform policies and programs to mitigate food insecurity in low-wealth rural populations.
THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE COOKING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND EXPANSION OF FISH CRACKER (‘KEROPOK’)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effect of pressure cooking on microstructure of wheat and tapioca starch in keropok gel and expansion of fried keropok slices were studied. The morphology of the starch granules in the keropok gel at different steaming temperature was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear expansion of keropok made with wheat starch increased with increasing steaming temperature, but that of keropok made with tapioca starch decreased with increasing steaming temperature. The linear expansion results correlate with the sensory evaluation of the products.
SEX CHROMOSOMES OF <i>CYCAS REVOLUTA</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In both the female and male plants of Cycas revoluta, somatic chromosome was 2n=22, that is from 1st to 11th pair. The pairs from 1st to 10th were indistinguishable between the two sexes. In the female plant the chromosomes of the 11th pair were homomorphic, both being long and J-shaped. However, in the male plant the chromosomes of the 11th pair were heteromorphic; one is long and J-shaped, the other short and V-shaped. And this J-shaped one was indistinguishable from J-shaped ones of the 11th pair of the female plant. Therefore, the chromosomes of the 11th pair of both sexes are assumed to be the sex chromosomes; _??_ 2n=20+XX and _??_ 2n=20+XY.
Digital interventions for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Importance Digital technology is now widely available for the interventions of autism, but its validity and feasibility remain to be proved. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital health interventions (DHIs) in improving core symptoms or intelligence quotient in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Three databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched on November 15, 2022. Randomized clinical trials that enrolled patients with ASD who received DHIs and a control group without DHI treatment were included. Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was applied to assess the risk of bias. Results A total of 33 studies, involving 1285 participants (658 [51.2%] in DHI groups and 627 [48.8%] in control groups), were analyzed to investigate the differences between DHI groups and control groups. Significantly greater improvements in the overall performance of ASD were observed in the DHI groups compared to the control groups (including active, waitlist, treatment‐as‐usual, and no treatment) with an effect size of 1.89 (Cohen's d 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–2.52). Studies with treatment‐as‐usual, waitlist, and no treatment control demonstrated large effect sizes of Cohen's d 3.41 (95% CI: 0.84–5.97), Cohen's d 4.27 (95% CI: 1.95–6.59), and Cohen's d 4.52 (95% CI: 2.98–6.06) respectively. In contrast, studies with active control revealed insignificant effect sizes (Cohen's d 0.73, 95% CI: 0.12–1.33). Interpretation This meta‐analysis found significantly greater improvements in core symptoms or intelligence quotient in ASD patients receiving DHIs compared to those in control conditions. ASD patients may benefit from the DHIs and reduce the economic burden.
A Snapshot of the Roles of Knowledge in the New Times

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globalization involves the reconfiguration and restructuring of capitalist organizations where knowledge becomes the main resource for effective production, forming a knowledge-based economy in the new times. The article analyzes recent educational literature on the knowledge-based economy with a discussion on types of necessary knowledge which nurture students’ thinking ability in order to possibly enhance their life-long learning ability which is considered as important for individuals in the knowledge economy to proactively enter the global integration process. This essay proposes that by playing the key role in production in the knowledge economy, knowledge is also deemed as a competitive factor for economic growth and as social capital for individuals to live and work. As knowledge takes a newer role compared to the traditional understanding of knowledge as the remembering of separate facts, educational sectors are now tasked with more responsibilities in producing a responsive and intellectual workforce to live and work well in the global integration time. Keywords: Globalization, Knowledge, Knowledge-based Economy
Non-viral delivery of nuclear factor-κB decoy ameliorates murine inflammatory bowel disease and restores tissue homeostasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key transcriptional regulator of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim: To investigate the therapeutic potential of a locally administered “non-viral” nuclear factor-κB decoy (NFκBD) in multiple experimental models of IBD. Methods: A fully phosphorothioated decoy oligonucleotide with improved stability that specifically binds NF-κB and blocks inflammatory mediators regulated by this transcription factor without the help of viral envelope-assisted delivery was developed. The therapeutic effects of NFκBD were studied in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, oxazolone and dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis models. Results: Intracolonic administration of NFκBD results in the delivery of NFκBD to inflammatory cells and a reduction of NF-κB heterodimers. In the T helper cell 1-driven trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis model, mice receiving NFκBD treatment exhibit a dose-dependent reduction in disease severity and a more rapid recovery to normal body weight, similar to a clinically relevant dose of budesonide. Clinical efficacy was corroborated by considerable reductions in colitis pathology and tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 1β and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. NFκBD also mitigates disease activity in the T helper cell 2-like oxazolone colitis and epithelial injury-related acute dextran sodium sulphate colitis models. Interestingly, restoration of tissue homeostasis is observed in NFκBD-treated animals with the rapid re-emergence of functional goblet cells and a return to normal patterns of cell proliferation in the mucosal epithelium and smooth muscle cell layers. Conclusions: These data support the potential use of “naked” NFκBD as a cross-functional therapeutic in IBD, and show for the first time that it can facilitate the restoration of colon homeostasis and function.
Soil/Nail Interaction Mechanisms from Large Direct Shear Tests

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Soil nail interaction mechanisms have been investigated at University of Wales, Cardiff using the World's largest variable confining pressure direct shear box, under an EPSRC-funded contract. Research has focused on the effects of varying both nail stiffness and soil stiffness. Steel and aluminium nails 2.8m long and 25 mm diameter have been tested, in a medium dense sand under confining pressures of 100 kPa and 200 kPa and a compacted cohesive fill. Repeat testing was carried out so that at least two tests were carried out for each combination of nail type and soil type, the tests gave consistent results allowing a greater understanding of the development of forces in soil nails and providing a basis for the prediction of displacements which occur in soil nailed structures. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 898496.
Genetic aspects of supravalvular aortic stenosis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) occurs as an autosomal dominant trait or as part of the phenotype of the usually sporadic condition Williams syndrome. SVAS is the result of mutation or deletion of the elastin gene (ELN), located at chromosome 7q11.23. Thus, SVAS may be more appropriately termed an elastin arteriopathy. Studies have demonstrated various point mutations and intragenic deletions of ELN resulting in nonsyndromic SVAS. Individuals with Williams syndrome are hemizygous for the elastin gene, owing to a 1 to 2 megabase deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 7 that encompasses ELN. This submicroscopic deletion is readily detected by fluorescent in-situ hybridization, useful in the diagnosis of Williams syndrome. The severity of SVAS is quite variable, both in series of Williams syndrome patients and within SVAS kindreds, suggesting that other genetic factors are involved in expression of the phenotype. Experiments with elastin knockout mice will likely yield clues regarding the role of elastin in arterial morphogenesis and the pathogenesis of obstructive vascular disease.
The Binns Program for Cord Blood Research: A Novel Program for Cord Blood Procurement in an Academic Setting for Biomedical Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IntroductionUmbilical cord blood (UCB) is a vital source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Since 1991, UCB has been collected and stored in public cord blood banks to be primarily used as a source for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Since the seminal UCB transplant reported in 1988 by Gluckman et al., UCB has contributed to advances in HSCT and clinical trials. However, UCB-derived cells remain costly and difficult to procure for pre-clinical research. Here we present a protocol for a multidisciplinary, self-sustaining cord blood program dedicated to biomedical research: The Binns Program for Cord Blood Research, piloted at the Stanford University School of Medicine.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to educate others on the benefits of implementing a self-sustaining cord blood program that increases biomedical research throughout the medical community.MethodsEligible donors are identified using IRB-approved inclusion criteria. UCB samples are then collected in utero, with informed consent, by obstetric providers at the time of delivery. Within 24-48 hours of isolation, deidentified samples are processed into three fractions: (1) plasma, (2) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by immunomagnetic separation, and (3) non-HSPC cellular flow-through. UCB-derived fractions are then distributed to researchers upon request.ResultsBetween November 2015 and April 2019, 1,385 women gave informed consent to donate their cord blood following delivery. Of those participants, 1,147 (83%) samples were collected and 927 (81%) distributed for research purposes. The median post-enrichment cell count per cord following positive selection for CD34+ HSPCs was 1.25 × 106 (Figure 1). Corresponding median post-enrichment sample purity was 90% following single-step purification. By October 2016, a protocol had been developed and optimized for the Binns Program to begin providing UCB-derived products to six laboratories. Now, the program supports 47 laboratories across Stanford. The research being supported spans a broad array of topics including normal and abnormal hematopoiesis, genetic engineering, and novel approaches to HCST.ConclusionsAfter initial start-up funding, the Binns Program became self-sustaining, representing a feasible model for cord blood banking to support the advancement of research by providing fresh or cryopreserved UCB-derived cells to the research community. We hope this model may be useful for other institutions and centers where the need to support research is high and the traditional model for public cord blood banking may not be a suitable option.
Jemmy = Sheep's Head

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Jemmy = Sheep's Head Get access Harry Hems Harry Hems 1Fair Park, Exeter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-VII, Issue 172, 13 April 1895, Page 294, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-VII.172.294d Published: 13 April 1895
The Association of Polymorphisms in the Type 1 and 2 Deiodinase Genes with Circulating Thyroid Hormone Parameters and Atrophy of the Medial Temporal Lobe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is the first study to report an association of D1a-C/T and D1b-A/G polymorphisms with iodothyronine levels in the elderly. Polymorphisms in the DIO1 and DIO2 genes are not associated with early magnetic resonance imaging markers of AD. This suggests that the previously reported association between iodothyronine levels and brain atrophy reflects comorbidity or nonthyroidal illness rather than thyroid hormones being involved in developing AD.
Increased serum tumor markers in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tümör ilişkili antijenler, malignitelerde takip ve tedaviye yanitin değerlendirilmesinde kullanilir.Antijenler inflamatuar hücreler tarafindan eksprese edilebilir ve malin hücrelerin adezyon ve metastazlarinda önemli rol oynabilir.İnflamatuar romatizmal hastaliklarin akciğer tutulumu ve plevral effüzyonu bulunan hastalarda tümör ilişkili antijen seviyelerinin arttiği rapor edilmiştir.Biz, RA tanili bir kadin hastada tümör belirteçleri ile hastalik aktivitesi arasindaki ilişkiyi
Gene Expressing and sRNA Sequencing Show That Gene Differentiation Associates with a YellowAcer palmatumMutant Leaf in Different Light Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acer palmatum Thunb., like other maples, is a widely ornamental-use small woody tree for leaf shapes and colors. Interestingly, we found a yellow-leaves mutant “Jingling Huangfeng” turned to green when grown in shade or low-density light condition. In order to study the potential mechanism, we performed high-throughput sequencing and obtained 1,082 DEGs in leaves grown in different light conditions that result in A. palmatum significant morphological and physiological changes. A total of 989 DEGs were annotated and clustered, of which many DEGs were found associating with the photosynthesis activity and pigment synthesis. The expression of CHS and FDR gene was higher while the expression of FLS gene was lower in full-sunlight condition; this may cause more colorful substance like chalcone and anthocyanin that were produced in full-light condition, thus turning the foliage to yellow. Moreover, this is the first available miRNA collection which contains 67 miRNAs of A. palmatum , including 46 conserved miRNAs and 21 novel miRNAs. To get better understanding of which pathways these miRNAs involved, 102 Unigenes were found to be potential targets of them. These results will provide valuable genetic resources for further study on the molecular mechanisms of Acer palmatum leaf coloration.