jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics‐induced modulation of large intestinal microbiota altered aromatic amino acid profile and expression of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus of piglets

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The evidence of gut microbiota‐mediated modulation of brain function has been widely recognized from studies using germ‐free rodents or animals with oral antibiotic‐induced microbiota depletion. Since the large intestine harbors greater numbers and more diverse of microbes than in the small intestine, large intestinal microbiota may play a crucial role in the modulation of brain function. In this study, a large intestinal microbiota‐targeted strategy was used to investigate the impact of large intestinal microbiota on brain function. Twelve piglets (12.08 ± 0.28 kg) fitted with a T‐cannula at the distal ileum were fed a standard diet and randomly assigned to two groups ( n = 6) for ileal infusion of either saline or antibiotics. After 25 days of infusion, ileal and fecal microbiota, serum amino acids and neurotransmitters, and hypothalamic transcriptomics were analyzed. While the antibiotic infusion did not change the proximal ileal microbial composition, it markedly altered the fecal microbial composition and increased aromatic amino acid ( AAA s) metabolism ( p < 0.05), suggesting the infusion specifically targeted large intestinal microbes. Concentrations of AAA s were likewise decreased in the blood and hypothalamus ( p < 0.05) by antibiotic infusion. Antibiotic infusion further decreased concentrations of hypothalamic 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐ HT ) and dopamine, in line with AAA s being their precursors. An up‐regulation in gene expressions of neurotransmitter transporters and synthetases was observed ( q < 0.001). In conclusion, the distalileal‐antibiotic infusion altered neurotransmitter expression in the porcine hypothalamus and this effect occurred simultaneously with changes in both the large intestinal microbiota, and AAA s in the large intestine, blood and hypothalamus. These findings indirectly indicate that large intestinal microbiota affects hypothalamic neurotransmitter expressions. image Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 208 .
From Kil-Arni to Anthony: The Portrayal of Christians in Indian Films

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although Christianity established a connection with Indian films even before the first Indian film was made in 1912, the portrayal of Christians is rarely a topic of discussion. In this article, I survey Indian films which feature the relationship of Hindus and Christians but have escaped the attention of film scholars. Although the recent upsurge in "cinepatriotism" and "Hinduness" in Hindi films is rightly criticized by scholars, in this article I cite examples from several films and argue that secularism embraced in films has been maintained by most Indian filmmakers. I argue that there are several instances of films in which Christians are in a congenial relationship with their Hindu counterparts, and often in the service of nationalism, such as in Amar Akbar Anthony.
Constitutional politics: essays on constitution making, maintenance, and change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What does it mean to have a constitution? Scholars and students associated with Walter Murphy at Princeton University have long asked this question in their exploration of constitutional politics and judicial behavior. These scholars, concerned with the making, maintenance, and deliberate change of the Constitution, have made unique and significant contributions to our understanding of American constitutional law by going against the norm of court-centered and litigation-minded research. Beginning in the late 1970s, this new wave of academics explored questions ranging from the nature of creating the U.S. Constitution to the philosophy behind amending it. In this collection, Sotirios A. Barber and Robert P. George bring together fourteen essays by members of this Princeton group. These works consider the meaning of having a constitution, the implications of particular choices in the design of constitutions, and the meaning of judicial supremacy in the interpretation of the Constitution.
Gender Effects on the Major Selection Process—A Five-Year Study: Implications for Marketing Business Programs of Small Private Colleges to Women

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The level of interest among women in choosing business as a program of study has contributed substantially to both the nationwide growth of business majors from 1970 to 1987 and the decline that followed. Should undergraduate business programs therefore adopt a gender-based marketing strategy in order to more effectively attract and retain students who demonstrate an interest in the study of business? This five-year study of undergraduates at a small western private college revealed similarities and differences between males and females in their expectations of a business program. These gender comparisons point to product development and promotional strategies business programs of small private colleges can employ for meeting female students' educational expectations.
An electron microscopic and morphometric study on the GABA-immunoreactive terminals in the cuneate nucleus of the rat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Immunogold labelling was used to identify GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-IR) terminals in the cuneate nucleus of the rat. About 30% of the terminals surveyed were GABA-IR. They were mostly small, although a few of medium size were encountered. The terminals contained either polymorphic or round synaptic vesicles; these occurred in an approximately 5:1 ratio. Most of these terminals formed symmetric synapses with dendrites of various sizes. The GABA-IR terminals also made synaptic contacts with somata of cuneate neurons and axon terminals of unknown origin. In addition, a few GABA-IR terminals forming asymmetric synapses were found in the cuneate neuropil. The possible functional significance of the synaptic organisation is discussed.
Theory and applications of answer set programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Answer set programming (ASP) is a new form of declarative logic programming. ASP interprets a logic program as a constraint on sets of literals, just as a propositional formula can be viewed as a constraint on assignments of truth values to atoms. The concept of an answer set was originally proposed as a semantics of negation as failure in Prolog. Instead of traditional Prolog systems, ASP uses answer set solvers. The input of Prolog consists of a logic program and a query, and Prolog computes answer substitutions; the input of an answer set solver is a logic program, and the solver computes the program's answer sets. The idea of ASP is to represent a given computational problem as a logic program whose answer sets correspond to solutions, and to use an answer set solver to find an answer set.
We have investigated the application of ASP to several combinatorial search problems, including planning, wire routing, and phylogeny reconstruction. Planning is the problem of finding a sequence of actions that leads to a given goal. Wire routing is the problem of determining the physical locations of all wires interconnecting the circuit components on a chip. Phylogeny reconstruction is the problem of constructing and labeling an evolutionary tree for a set of taxa (taxonomic units), which describes the evolution of the taxa in that set from their most recent common ancestor. In our work on phylogeny reconstruction, we have generated several conjectures about the evolutionary history of Indo-European languages.
The work on the use of ASP for planning has led us to the investigation of some theoretical questions related to answer sets. One is the problem of equivalent transformations of logic programs: under what conditions can we replace a program by an equivalent program that can be processed by an answer set solver more efficiently? Another problem is related to completion—a process that can translate a logic program into a set of formulas of classical logic. In some cases, the interpretations satisfying the completion of a program are also the answer sets for that program. In such cases, we can use propositional solvers—systems that compute a model of a given set of clauses—to find the program's answer sets. For some problems, propositional solvers are more efficient than answer set solvers. Therefore, we have investigated under what conditions we can use propositional solvers to find the program's answer sets.
Tonal alternations and prosodic structure in Somali

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the prosody of focalisation in Somali, a cushitic tonal accent language.The Somali nouns undergo many tonal accent alternations according to the discursive contexts.A primary aim of the study is to explain these alternations by assuming that they are triggered by intonative tones.However, very little attention has been devoted to the intonation of Somali.As Somali has morphological focus particles, it has been traditionally accepted that this language has no intonative focus marking.This paper disproves this assumption, by providing a phonetic description of f 0 configurations and showing that a process of downdrift, intonative high tones and a low tone of focalisation express the information structure.Finally, a phonological model of the prosody of Somali will be proposed.To be precise, it will be argued that the low tone of focalisation is the central element of a recursive hierarchical structure, and that it triggers tonal accent alternations and governs intonative tones.Furthermore, it will be suggested that Somali has two independent tonal tiers, and that the coalescence of these tonal tiers produces the melodic paterns at the phonetic level.
PERBAIKAN FASILITAS KERJA UNTUK MENGURANGI PEMBEBANAN OTOT STATIS PEKERJA DI BATIK SAQINA TAMIANG

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Batik Saqina Tamiang is one of the batik craftsmen in Bandar Khalifah Village, Aceh Tamiang Regency, the batik produced is generally patterned in Aceh. The production system at Batik Saqina Tamiang is a job order and make to stock. Batik work is done manually by the workers. The results of the initial survey found complaints of static muscle loading on the body parts of the workers which caused the production lead time to be longer. This complaint arises because the worker's posture is not ergonomic when making batik. This study aims to reduce static muscle loading through the design of work facilities. The research method used in this research is descriptive, while the steps in this study are conducting field surveys and literature studies related to static muscle loading. Then do the questionnaire distribution on the bodybody map to find out the complaints felt by the workers during their work. The next step is to assess the workers' body posture using the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) method and measure the anthropometric data of the workers that will be used in the design of work facilities and then implement the work facilities that have been designed. the pain of the worker from being very ill becomes a bit painful, which occurs in the neck, shoulders and wrist.
Apollo Belvedere—Front, 2011

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Apollo Belvedere—Front" by G. James Brown was executed as a contemporary response to the long tradition of interpretative artworks. The drawing addresses the antique sculpture, "Apollo Belvedere", from the standpoint of a contemporary North Queensland artist's perception of the light and treatment of the portrayed subject. By design, the drawing is a point of comparison between European practices in the nineteenth century in translating the antique sculpture into drawings and the artist's personal art practice. An article discussing this drawing and its context may be found at: http://www.printsandprinciples.com/2012/05/james-brown-illustration-referencing.html
ON SOME PROPERTIES OF PHAGE β, A NEW RNA CONTAINING PHAGE

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Thirteen clones of RNA phages acting upon Escherichia coli (K-12 strain W2252) were isolated from sewage in Tokyo by the use of antiserum of a standard RNA phage MS-2. The properties of one of the isolates, phage β, were studied in detail. It was found that this phage gives two peaks, about 75 and 90 in the S values, upon analytical centrifugation, and arrests the formation of β-galactosidase at 25min after infection. The intracelluar mature phages begin to appear at the same time.
Numerical Analysis of The Performance of Conventional and Modified Spherical Solar Stills Integrated with Internal Fans

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Water scarcity is a growing threat due to population growth, urbanization, and climate change. This problem hinders sustainable development, making innovative solutions crucial distillation, which utilizes solar energy to convert brackish or saline water into clean drinking water, is emerging as a promising approach. While various solar designs exist, identifying the most efficient and cost-effective option for residential and industrial applications remains a challenge. This paper presents a comparative analysis, focusing on practical, between the traditional spherical solar still and an improved design incorporating a fan. We conducted our research in Baghdad, Iraq in June, utilizing real-world temperature and solar radiation data from the Iraqi Meteorological and Seismic Monitoring Authority. The key finding is that the inclusion of a fan within the solar system still significantly increases production efficiency by 31.8% compared to the conventional design. Furthermore, this study contributes valuable numerical simulations, empowering researchers to design efficient and low-cost solar stills. This technology holds particular promise for regions struggling with polluted water, especially in southern Iraq.
The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ants are probably the most dominant insect group on Earth, representing ten to fifteen percent of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Flowering plants, meanwhile, owe their evolutionary success to an array of interspecific interactions - such as pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory - that have helped to shape their great diversity. The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions brings together findings from the scientific literature on the coevolution of ants and plants to provide a better understanding of the unparalleled success of these two remarkable groups, of interspecific interactions in general, and, ultimately, of terrestrial biological communities. The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions synthesizes the dynamics of ant-plant interactions, including the sources of variation in their outcomes. Victor Rico-Gray and Paulo S. Oliveira capture both the emerging appreciation of the importance of these interactions within ecosystems and the developing approaches that place studies of these interactions into a broader ecological and evolutionary context. A collaboration by two internationally renowned scientists, The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions will become a standard reference for understanding the complex interactions between these two taxa.
Architecture, Art, And Moderate Moralism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay Noël Carroll explores the question of whether a moral defect in a work of architectural art can ever also count as an aesthetic /artistic defect. Adopting the stance of a moderate moralist and mobilizing what has been called the “uptake argument,” he argues against the moderate autonomist that sometimes a moral defect in an architectural artwork can also be an aesthetic/artistic defect
Reaction Characteristics of WGS Catalyst for SEWGS Process in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To check effects of operating variables on reaction characteristics of WGS catalyst for SEWGS process, water gas shift reaction tests were carried out in a pressurized fluidized bed reactor using ShiftMax210 catalyst and sand(as a substitute for $CO_2$ absorbent) as bed materials. Simulated syngas(mixed with $N_2$) was used as a reactant gas. Operating temperature was $210^{\circ}C$ and operating pressure was 20 bar. WGS catalyst content, steam/CO ratio, gas velocity, and syngas concentration were considered as experimental variables. CO conversion increased as the catalyst content and steam/CO ratio increased. CO conversion at fluidized bed condition was higher than that of fixed bed condition. However, CO conversion were maintained almost same value within the fluidized bed condition. CO conversion decreased as the syngas concentration increased. The optimum operation condition was confirmed and long time water gas shift reaction test up to 24 hours at the optimum operating conditions was carried out.
Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection ofToxoplasma gondiiin Pig and Mouse Tissues

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A highly sensitive and specific method has been developed to reproducibly detect and quantitate Toxoplasma gondii burden in animal tissue samples using T. gondii ITS1-derived primers and a fluorogenic probe via real-time PCR. Assay specificity was confirmed against a panel of DNA samples from T. gondii and other common protozoa as well as host animal tissue. This Toxo TaqMan assay was able to detect as little as 0.1 pg of T. gondii genomic DNA, which is equivalent to 1 T. gondii bradyzoite, and has a dynamic range of detection of from 100 ng to 100 fg of T. gondii DNA. Tissues from experimentally infected mice and pigs as well as bradyzoite-spiked pig muscle samples were used to test and standardize this technique. Positive signals were obtained with T. gondii parasite concentrations ranging from 4 to 3.7 × 10 5 parasites per g of spiked pig tissue, with excellent linearity ( R 2 = 0.9776). All T. gondii -infected animals were correctly identified by this technique. Results indicate that this assay is applicable to swine carcasses and commercial pig products, is compatible with automation technology for potential slaughterhouse use, and will enable scientists to diagnose and quantitate T. gondii in animal tissues.
Analysis of the structural relationships among industrial safety and health workers’ fourth industrial revolution awareness, readiness, job stress, and organizational effectiveness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

직업군과 업무영역에 따라 4차 산업혁명에 대한 인식과 준비정도가 다르겠지만, 신기술이 이끄는 산업현장의 변화는 다양한 관련 업계 종사자들에게 업무관련 스트레스로 다가올 수밖에 없다. 이러한 스트레스는 조직유효성(직무만족, 조직몰입)과도 관련이 있는 만큼 산업현장에서는 이에 대해 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. 본 연구는, 4차 산업혁명현장에서 산업재해와 근로자들의 안전·보건에 막중한 역할을 하며 선제적으로 4차 산업혁명에 대비하고 있는 산업안전보건 종사자 286명을 대상으로 4차 산업혁명에 대한 인식과 준비도 직무스트레스, 그리고 직무만족, 조직몰입 변수 간 구조적 관계를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 4차 산업혁명에 대한 인식수준이 높을수록 직무스트레스가 낮고, 준비도가 높을수록 직무스트레스는 높으며 직무만족도 높았다. 4차 산업혁명 인식수준과 준비도 모두 조직몰입에 직접적인 영향을 미치지는 않았지만, 직무스트레스와 직무만족을 매개로 조직몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 4차 산업혁명에 대응하는 산업안전보건 종사자들의 직무스트레스를 줄이고 직무만족과 조직몰입을 높일 수 있는 방안에 대해 논의하였다.
Phenotypic Expression of Recurrent Disease After Liver Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recurrence of the primary disease has become a major focus for transplant hepatologists both when investigating graft dysfunction and when tailoring immunosuppression to maximize graft survival. However, disease recurrence varies in penetrance, can be predictable or random, and does not always conform to the expected pattern of disease. The cholestatic hepatitis syndromes associated with hepatitis B and C are the most dramatic examples of phenotypic change. Being on immunosuppressive drugs may intensify the progression of infectious and malignant diseases, but this effect is not predictable. A significant minority of patients with each of the autoimmune diseases, counter-intuitively, get recurrent disease despite immunosuppression of a potency that is adequate to prevent rejection of the liver graft. Disease patterns emerge after liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis that shed light on the cause of the native liver disease, for example, nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease and autoimmune hepatitis. The phenotypic expression of disease recurrence can be modified by specific drugs used for immunosuppression and by HLA-antigen matching profiles. Understanding and modifying the phenotypic expression of recurrent disease after liver transplantation is a fertile area for research and continued refinement of clinical care.
Nutraceuticals and Headache: The Biological Basis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nutrition must affect the structure and functioning of the brain. Since the brain has very high metabolic activity, what we consume throughout the day is likely to dramatically influence both its structure and moment to moment function. It follows that nutritional approaches to all neurological disorders are being researched and entering medical practice, while nutraceutical use is a mainstay of public habits. This review discusses the biological basis for non‐conventional or non‐mainstream approaches to the treatment of migraine. This requires at least limited discussion of current migraine pathophysiologic theory. How nutrients and other chemicals and approaches are mechanistically involved within migraine pathways is the focus of this article. The nutraceuticals reviewed in detail are: magnesium, riboflavin, coenzyme Q10, petasites, and feverfew with additional comments on marijuana and oxygen/hyperbaric oxygen. This article reviews the science when known related to the potential genetic susceptibility and sensitivity to these treatments. As we know, the basic science in this field is very preliminary, so whether to combine approaches and presumably mechanisms or use them alone or with or without conventional therapies is far from clear. Nonetheless, as more patients and providers participate in patient‐centered approaches to care, knowledge of the science underpinning nutritional, nutraceutical, and complementary approaches to treatment for migraine will certainly benefit this interaction.
The effects of degassing, neutralization, and dewatering on the CMC-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

CMC-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) backbone using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. For investigating the effects of before and after treatments of the hydrogel on the swelling equilibrium, gel fraction, and weight loss, 3 sets of experiments with 5 samples were designed and the effect of degassing (using N 2 ), neutralization with NaOH 1 M, and two stages of dewatering with acetone and ethanol was studied. The results confirmed the positive effects of all the after-treatment stages. The final data indicate that sample (v) with N 2 as reaction atmosphere, one neutralization stage, and two dewatering stages exhibit a maximum swelling of 167 g/g, maximum gel fraction of 61.4%, and also maximum weight loss of 38.6%. These outcomes show that these treatments exhibit hydrogel with a good swelling ratio which is desirable in smart delivery systems, healthcare, and biomedical applications. The optimized sample was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and TGA too.