jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Collagen‐Specific HSP47 + Myofibroblasts and CD163 + Macrophages Identify Profibrotic Phenotypes in Deceased Hearts With SARS‐CoV‐2 Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Cardiac fibrosis complicates SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and has been linked to arrhythmic complications in survivors. Accordingly, we sought evidence of increased HSP47 (heat shock protein 47), a stress‐inducible chaperone protein that regulates biosynthesis and secretion of procollagen in heart tissue, with the goal of elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis in subjects with this viral infection. Methods and Results Using human autopsy tissue, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, we quantified Hsp47 + cells and collagen α 1(l) in hearts from people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. Because macrophages are also linked to inflammation, we measured CD163 + cells in the same tissues. We observed irregular groups of spindle‐shaped HSP47 + and CD163 + cells as well as increased collagen α 1(I) deposition, each proximate to one another in “hot spots” of ≈40% of hearts after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (HSP47 + P <0.05 versus nonfibrotics and P <0.001 versus controls). Because HSP47 + cells are consistent with myofibroblasts, subjects with hot spots are termed “profibrotic.” The remaining 60% of subjects dying with COVID‐19 without hot spots are referred to as “nonfibrotic.” No control subject exhibited hot spots. Conclusions Colocalization of myofibroblasts, M2(CD163 + ) macrophages, and collagen α 1(l) may be the first evidence of a COVID‐19–related “profibrotic phenotype” in human hearts in situ. The potential public health and diagnostic implications of these observations require follow‐up to further define mechanisms of viral‐mediated cardiac fibrosis.
Testing the gravitational redshift with atomic gravimeters?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Atom interferometers allow the measurement of the acceleration of freely falling atoms with respect to an experimental platform at rest on Earth's surface. Such experiments have been used to test the universality of free fall by comparing the acceleration of the atoms to that of a classical freely falling object. In a recent paper, M\"uller, Peters and Chu [Nature {\bf 463}, 926-929 (2010)] argued that atom interferometers also provide a very accurate test of the gravitational redshift (or universality of clock rates). Considering the atom as a clock operating at the Compton frequency associated with the rest mass, they claimed that the interferometer measures the gravitational redshift between the atom-clocks in the two paths of the interferometer at different values of gravitational potentials. In the present paper we analyze this claim in the frame of general relativity and of different alternative theories, and conclude that the interpretation of atom interferometers as testing the gravitational redshift at the Compton frequency is unsound. The present work is a summary of our extensive paper [Wolf et al., arXiv:1012.1194, Class. Quant. Grav. 28, 145017, (2011)], to which the reader is referred for more details.
Exome sequencing as the first‐tier test for pediatric respiratory diseases: A single‐center study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The high clinical and genetic heterogeneity makes it difficult to reach a confirmative diagnosis of suspected pediatric respiratory inherited diseases. Many patients with monogenic respiratory disorders could be missed without genetic testing. We performed a single-center study in Beijing Children's Hospital to demonstrate the clinical utility of exome sequencing (ES) as a first-tier test by evaluating the diagnostic yields of ES for inherited diseases with respiratory symptoms. A total of 107 patients were recruited in this study. We identified 51 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 37 patients by ES (with or without copy number variants sequencing). The overall diagnostic yield was 34.6% (37/107). The most frequent disorders in our cohort were primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDs) (18/37, 48.6%) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) (9/37, 24.3%). We further reviewed the directive outcomes of genetic testing on the 37 positive cases. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of ES as a first-tier test in China for diagnosing monogenic diseases of the respiratory system. In the era of precision medicine, ES as a first-tier test can rapidly make a molecular diagnosis and direct the intervention of the positive cases in pediatric respiratory medicine.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Psychiatric rehabilitation is the use of systematic strategies and interventions to assist adults with psychiatric disabilities to become fully integrated into their communities of choice, to improve their quality of life, and to promote their own process of recovery. An adult with a psychiatric disability is an individual with a mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, a major affective disorder, or bipolar disorder, who is functionally impaired due to that disorder. Consequently these functional impairments result in these individuals being unable to achieve commonly accepted age-appropriate milestones in primary life domains, including educational attainment, employment, and intimate relationships like marriage. Psychiatric rehabilitation services are a broad spectrum of services, programs, and approaches that teach skills, modify environments, offer supports, access resources, and develop supportive networks that are necessary for increasing an individual’s capacity to assume normal roles and to be satisfied in living, working, learning, and social environments of his or her choosing. The five psychosocial evidence-based practices for persons with severe mental illness are assertive community treatment, illness management and recovery, supported employment, family psychoeducation, and integrated dual diagnosis treatment. In addition there are emerging best practices, such as peer-provided services. These service approaches incorporate the principles, values, and practices of self-determination; respect and dignity of all persons; and person-centered, strengths-based, and collaborative partnerships. Services are designed to meet an individual’s need and are sensitive to his or her cultural norms and values. These principles, values, and practices are consistent with those of social work practice. The provision of such services frequently requires combating societal stigma and discrimination directed at persons with mental disorders. These services are provided by a diversity of professional disciplines, including psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and rehabilitation counselors.
SECOND ATTACKS OF ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of second attacks of anterior poliomyelitis assumes considerable importance, both as a possible indication of the immunity which is developed from the disease and in differential considerations for patients who have previously had anterior poliomyelitis. Second attacks of this disease would seem to be extremely rare. Fischer and Stillerman,1in an analysis of all so-called second attacks of poliomyelitis reported prior to 1938, were able to collect 13 which they considered authentic, to which they added certain others. Although the number of cases reported is remarkably few, even a few cases may be significant considering the low incidence of poliomyelitis in the general population. At the Harvard Infantile Paralysis Commission, while following 6,000 cases of poliomyelitis, we have encountered 4 in which the findings were such as to allow a diagnosis of a second attack of the disease. It is significant that all 4 of the patients
The phospholipids in Enterocytozoon bieneusi: an electron spectroscopic imaging study.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The treatment with ferriosmium of meronts and sporonts of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon bieneusi has shown the lamellar organization of the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and of the nuclear envelope. The Electron Spectroscopy Imaging (ESI), (Ottensmeyer and Andrew 1980) of unstained ultrathin sections of meronts showed the presence of phosphorus in the lamellar structures thus confirming their phospholipidic composition. Phosphorus was also detected in the lamellar polaroplast of the spore.
Molecular dynamics simulations of diamond-like carbon overcoat

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this project, the effect of density on hardness of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film was studied by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Three amorphous carbon samples with densities of 2.6 g/cm3, 2.9 g/cm3, and 3.2 g/cm3 were generated using the adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order (AIREBO) potential. The analysis of radial distribution function (RDF) graph shows that the 3.2 g/cm3 amorphous carbon sample has the highest sp3 content of 48.7%, while the 2.9 g/cm3 and 2.6 g/cm3 samples contain 16.5% and 8.0% of sp3 bond respectively. These samples were then subjected to nanoscratching at 10% and 20% penetration depth which correspond to 0.4 nm and 0.8 nm respectively. The load acting on the scratch tip was computed and recorded every 1000 steps during the simulation. Results obtained suggest that sample with higher density possesses higher hardness, hence require higher scratching force.
Upgraded sensorless direct torque control using MRAS-sliding mode observer for asynchronous motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate speed feedback is always required to achieve high performance and good accuracy control for an asynchronous motor. The use of conventional direct speed sensors involves additional electronic components, additional wiring and space, frequent maintenance and careful assembly, which undermine the robustness and inherent reliability of the drive. To overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, this paper proposes an effective sensorless direct torque control algorithm for asynchronous motor which combines a sliding mode observer and a model reference adaptive system for rotor speed and flux estimation. This conjunction is intended to minimize mechanical stress, improve the control performance by enhancing the feedback information and reduce the classical observer sensitivity to system uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Science Facing Interoperability as a Necessary Condition of Success and Evil

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as machine learning algorithms, have allowed scientists, marketers and governments to shed light on correlations that remained invisible until now. Beforehand, the dots that we had to connect in order to imagine a new knowledge were either too numerous, too sparse or not even detected. Sometimes, the information was not stored in the same data lake or format and was not able to communicate. But in creating new bridges with AI, many problems appeared such as bias reproduction, unfair inferences or mass surveillance. Our aim is to show that, on one hand, the AI's deep ethical problem lays essentially in these new connections made possible by systems interoperability. In connecting the spheres of our life, these systems undermine the notion of justice particular to each of them, because the new interactions create dominances of social goods from a sphere to another. These systems make therefore spheres permeable to one another and, in doing so, they open to progress as well as to tyranny. On another hand, however, we would like to emphasize that the act to connect what used to seem a priori disjoint is a necessary move of knowledge and scientific progress.
Appendix to the Bibliographer's Manual of English Lilerature; Containing an Account of Book. Published by Literary and Scientific Societies and Printing Clubs; Books Printed at Private Presses; Privately Prinlcd Series and the Principal Literary and Scientific Serials

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appendix to the Bibliographer's Manual of English Lilerature; Containing an Account of Book. Published by Literary and Scientific Societies and Printing Clubs; Books Printed at Private Presses; Privately Prinlcd Series and the Principal Literary and Scientific Serials Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s3-VI, Issue 153, 3 December 1864, Page 466, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-VI.153.466-c Published: 03 December 1964
Antigen recognition. V. Requirement for histocompatibility between antigen-presenting cell and B cell in the response to a thymus-dependent antigen, and lack of allogeneic restriction between T and B cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The restrictions imposed by the major histocompatibility complex on T-B-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions were studied with an in vivo adoptive transfer system, using mutually tolerant T and B cells taken from one-way fetal liver chimeras. It was found that the B cells and adoptive recipient (which provides APC function) have to share determinants encoded by the left-hand end of the H-2 complex for cooperation, whereas there is apparently no such requirement for T-B cell syngeneicity. Suppression arising from allogeneic effects between the host and the transferred T or B cells was excluded by the use of tolerant as well as normal adoptive recipients; both were functionally equivalent. We conclude that under experimental conditions, unrestricted helper T cell function and concurrent APC-B cell genetic restriction can be demonstrated in vivo.
Profile of Dermatophytes in Teaching Hospital and Tertiary Care Hospital from Northern India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermatophytoses refer to superficial fungal infection of keratinophilic dermatophytes. It is common in tropics and in areas with high rates of humidity. The main objective of this study was to assess the clinical profile of dermatophytic infection and to identify the species of fungi and that are prevalent in this region. A total of 77 patients clinically suspected for dermatophytosis were selected for the study. Direct microscopy in 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture was done in each case. Out of 77 patients, Tinea cruris (40) was the most common clinical type followed by Tinea corporis (20). Trichophyton rubric was the predominant species isolated (36) in all clinical types followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (17).
Shoulder Injuries in English Community Rugby Union

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, severity and type of shoulder injuries resulting from match play in adult community rugby union between 2009-2013. A total of 254 time-loss shoulder injuries were reported, an overall incidence of 2.2 per 1 000 h (95% CI: 1.9 to 2.4), and a mean injury severity of 9.5 weeks missed (95% CI: 8.2 to 10.8). The semi-professional group had an incidence of 2.8 injuries per 1 000 h (95% CI: 2.2 to 3.5), which was higher than the recreational group at 1.8 injuries per 1 000 h (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.2, p=0.004). The incidence of acromioclavicular joint injury for semi-professional players was 1.2 per 1 000 h (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.6); which was significantly higher than the incidence of this injury type in recreational players (0.5 per 1 000 h 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.7, p=0.002). Overall, back row players sustained the highest incidence of all shoulder injuries for a given playing position, 2.9 injuries per 1 000 h (95% CI: 2.2 to 3.6). The tackle was the main event associated with injury. Injury prevention programs and coaching strategies that consider tackle technique and physical conditioning of the shoulder region are therefore considered important.
Concomitant treatment of tobacco dependence during the admission for detoxification of other drug of abuse: evaluation at 6 months follow-Up after discharge

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most patients with substance use disorders are also heavy tobacco smokers, which imply an important mortality risk factor. Therefore, providing a treatment for nicotine dependence in the context of the treatment of other substance use disorders is recommended in many treatment guidelines. However, it is not clear that the concomitant treatment of nicotine dependence during the admission for detoxification of other drug of abuse, will improve the smoking cessation after the hospital discharge.The aim of this study was to evaluate the tobacco use characteristics in terms of nicotine dependence severity, and motivation to quit smoking, in patients admitted to a detoxification unit, at baseline and at 6 months follow-up after discharge.A total of 62 patients were assessed, the 94% presented concomitant nicotine dependence, and the 93% of them needed during their admission treatment with nicotine replacement therapy. Nicotine dependence severity was assessed with the Fagerström test, and tobacco use and motivation to quit smoking were assessed by the Richmond questionnaire. After discharge, only two patients maintained nicotine abstinence for more than 90 days without specific treatment for nicotine dependence. Nevertheless, at six months follow-up, the dependence severity decreased and patients showed a medium motivation to quit smoking. Providing specific treatment for nicotine dependence after detoxification to prevent new relapses should be integrated in addiction treatments.
COMMENTS AND RESPONSES Comment on: Tsiakou et al. Arterial Stiffness Is Inversely Related to Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Young

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read the article by Tsiakou et al.(1) with great interest. This studyshowed a negative association be-tween plasma adiponectin concentrations and arterial stiffness in young type 1 di-abetic patients without complications. However, we recently showed a positive as-sociation between plasma adiponectin con-centrations and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes (2). Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and reduction of plasma adiponectin has been reported to contribute to athero-genesis (3).There are controversial debateson the association between adiponectin and arterial stiffness. Aso et al. (4) showed that serum adipo-
Factors Affecting the Role of Agricultural Extension Workers in the Development of Farmer Groups in West Koya Village, Jayapura City

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the role of agricultural extension workers in the development of farmer groups in Koya Barat Village. The method used was quantitative. The results showed that the role of agricultural extension officers in terms of the variable ability of motivation on average has been able to influence farmers in carrying out farming activities, correcting deficiencies and solving problems, providing information on assistance from the government, conducting training, and coaching from the center but less able to give awards to active members. For variable communication skills of farmer groups and farmers can be accepted both in the delivery of information, media, language used. For the variable of increasing farmers' knowledge in answering the types of superior seeds, good land processing, good types of fertilizers, how to control pests, smooth irrigation and irrigation until harvest. In the Farmer Income Variable, the presence of agricultural extension workers greatly affects the income of farmers through the information obtained in increasing the income of rice farmers.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Versus Treadmill Walking Exercise in Management of Intermittent Claudication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and treadmill walking exercise on hemodynamic measurements (ankle brachial index at rest, after exercise and laser Doppler perfusion) and on graded treadmill testing parameters (claudication onset time, maximum walking time and maximum walking distance) in patients with mild intermittent claudication (IC). Forty male with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) from Kasr El-Aini, out patient clinic, participated in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups; group (I) TENS group, their mean age was 59.60±4.547 years and received Burst mode- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 3 months, group (II) the exercise group, their mean age was 56.85±4.209 years and participated in exercise training program for 3 months. The results of this study showed a significant increase of graded treadmill testing parameters and laser Doppler perfusion for both groups. The results also revealed a significant increase of ankle brachial index at rest and after exercise for the exercise group while revealed a nonsignificant decrease of ankle brachial index at rest and a non significant increase of ankle brachial index after exercise for the TENS group. The results also showed a statistical significant difference among the changes of both groups except for the ankle brachial index at rest and after exercise.
[The regional population forecasting model of the BfLR: status and purposes. Appendix: construction and testing of homogeneous migration groups using Bavarian migration data]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The regional population forecasting model developed at the Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Landeskunde und Raumordnung (BfLR) in Bonn Germany is described. The formal structure and underlying assumptions of the model are outlined regional population forecasts for West Germany up to the year 2000 are presented and the model is then critically evaluated. An appendix contains an analysis of interregional migration in Bavaria for the years 1972 1977 and 1982. (ANNOTATION)
Adolescent Vulnerabilities to Chronic Alcohol or Nicotine Exposure: Findings From Rodent Models

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This article presents an overview of the proceedings from a symposium entitled "Is adolescence special? Possible age-related vulnerabilities to chronic alcohol or nicotine exposure," organized by Susan Barron and Linda Spear and held at the 2004 Research Society on Alcoholism Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia. This symposium, cosponsored by the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Study Group and the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society, focused on our current knowledge regarding the long-term consequences of ethanol and/or nicotine exposure during adolescence with the emphasis on data from rodent models. The support from these two societies represents the understanding by these research groups that adolescence represents a unique developmental stage for the effects of chronic drug exposure and also marks an age in which many risky behaviors including alcohol consumption and smoking typically begin. The speakers included (1) Aaron White, who presented data on the effects of adolescent ethanol exposure on subsequent motor or cognitive response to an ethanol challenge in adulthood; (2) Richard Bell, who presented data suggesting that genetic differences could play a role in adolescent vulnerability to ethanol; (3) Craig Slawecki, who presented data looking at the effects of chronic exposure to alcohol or nicotine on neurophysiologic and behavioral end points; and (4) Ed Levin, who presented data on acute and long-term consequences of adolescent nicotine exposure. Finally, Linda Spear provided some summary points and recommendations regarding unresolved issues and future directions.