jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Substrate Competition Studies Using Whole-Cell Accumulation Assays with the Major Tripartite Multidrug Efflux Pumps of Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT AcrAB-TolC is the major, constitutively expressed tripartite multidrug efflux system in Escherichia coli that recognizes various structurally unrelated molecules, including many antibiotics, dyes, and steroids. The AcrB inner membrane pump portion of the efflux system has been shown in recent structural studies to bind substrates at multiple sites, suggesting that particular substrate “sets” may compete for efflux by interfering with a certain binding site(s). However, our data indicate that the general structural class does not appear to dictate a particular substrate binding site that can be competitively inhibited in whole cells. In our study, substrate competition failed to increase cell-associated levels of steroids or dyes to levels characteristic of AcrB- or AcrB/EmrAB-deficient genomic mutants or achieved with the pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone. In addition, this general observation was sustained even with (i) a cocktail containing seven-pump substrates supplied slightly below their respective wild-type MIC levels, (ii) competing drug substrates of the same structural class (steroids or macrolides), and (iii) hyper-MIC levels of the exogenously supplied agents. Thus, this pump system (and possibly EmrAB-TolC) may have an extraordinary capacity to simultaneously handle multiple-drug substrates that is not necessarily reflected in MIC analyses. In addition, our study has extended the range of substrates recognized by the AcrAB- and EmrAB-TolC systems.
Freezing causes changes in the meniscus collagen net: a new ultrastructural meniscus disarray scale

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Alterations in meniscal permeability leading to nutritional deficit have been suggested as a cause of shrinkage in meniscal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how freezing, one of the most common procedures used to preserve meniscal allografts, alters the collagen's architecture. Twenty‐six fresh human external menisci were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Thirteen of them were previously frozen at −80°C while the rest were used as controls. A new scale of the collagen meniscal architecture was proposed according to the collagen's periodicity and degree of disruption, loss of banding, degree of collagen packing, fibril size variability and its intrafibrilar oedema. Each meniscus was scored from 0 to 7. Subsequently they were classified in grades ranging from a normal state (grade I; 0–2 points) to severe disarray (grade III; 5–7 points). The fibril collagen diameters of those menisci which had been previously frozen showed an average size in the longitudinal section of 14.26 nm, whereas it was 17.28 nm in the menisci used as controls ( p = 0.019). In the transverse section, the frozen menisci averaged 13.14 and 16.93 nm in the controls ( p = 0.003). Samples of the 13 previously frozen menisci were classified as grade III in 61.54% of the cases. In the control group, all the menisci were classified either as grade I or II. The frozen menisci averaged 4.85 points, whereas the control group did so at 2.46 ( p < 0.001). The fibril diameters in frozen menisci showed a thinner diameter and had a higher degree of disarray. Therefore, the results suggest that the freezing process alters the menisci's collagen net. This could partially explain the pathological changes found in shrunken menisci after transplantation.
SH505199.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
ATTITUDES OF URBAN FEMALE CONSUMERS TOWARD FOOD PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Socioeconomic, demographic, and location characteristics as well as opinions and views of South Korean urban females were analyzed to understand how these characteristics influence preferences for foods produced through different production practices. The generalized ordinal logistic model results show that education of the respondent and household location have significant influence on preferences. Age and income influence preferences for selected production techniques and respondents’ opinions on the use of pesticides and importance of other food attributes weaken preferences for food produced by conventional practices, but increase preferences for food produced using unconventional practices.
Development of Soft-Matter Delivery Systems: Coupling pH Responsive Polymers to Porous Silica Particles

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work investigates polymeric coating of evaporated induced self-assembly (EISA) mesoprous silica nanoparticles for potential use in controlled drug release and therapeutics. As demonstrated here, lipid bilayer coatings can be easily replaced with different polymer analogs allowing for dynamic response to environmental stimuli. In addition to coupling commercially available diblock polymers we synthesized and characterized a unique dual hydrophilic pH responsive diblock copolymer, PEO-PAA. This hybrid polymeric-nanoparticle system drastically improves targeting and release capabilities through the modular ability to couple multiple different polymers. Furthermore, this work is supported by an improved method to form and study giant polymer vesicles (pGVs)
Gofton, of Fockwell, Surrey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gofton, of Fockwell, Surrey Get access E. Barrett E. Barrett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-VIII, Issue 196, 1 October 1859, Pages 270–271, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-VIII.196.270f Published: 01 October 1859
What is a Chronicle?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AbstractWhat is a chronicle? It is a simple question. But it was very clear at the end of our first conference, in l 996, that there was little agreement among the participants about either a definition or the desirability of having a definition. Was this, I began to wonder, a conference about mediaeval historiography masquerading as one on the chronicle? And to a limited extent the published volume (Kooper 1999) bears out this suspicion. Two tendencies are apparent in the voluminous scholarly literature about historical writing in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The first is, as my colleague Antonia Gransden once put it (1990: 129), to use the word ‘so loosely … that it has lost any precise meaning’ (unfortunately she then undercut the point by saying that ‘Here it will be used only for general, serious historical writings’). This looseness is perhaps the most noticeable attitude, which allows almost any narrative text dealing with supposedly historical persons and events to be called a chronicle. It is only on this basis that, for example, Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae could be called a chronicle. The second tendency visible in the professional literature is towards attempts at very precise definition: I have more sympathy with this approach but find myself generally far from agreement with the solutions proposed. ls it therefore possible to find a simple answer to my simple question?
The Main Diseases and Control Measures of Tomato in Hetao Area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main diseases of Tomato in Hetao area has stem rot, seedling blight, early blight, late blightmore, and so on, The occurrence of tomato diseases caused by its yield and quality decline, seriously affect the economic benefits. So, the main diseases of tomato symptoms and occurrence conditions to be elaborated, And put forward the corresponding countermeasures in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of Tomato Diseases.
Gaston Bachelard: The Philosopher as Dreamer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gaston Bachelard began his academic career as a teacher of physics and chemistry, turning eventually to the history and philosophy of science: a personal evolution not uncommon in France, which since the turn of the century has also offered the examples of Duhem, Poincaré and Meyerson. Unlike these older contemporaries, however, Bachelard took as his special province not the logical structure of scientific theory, or the norms of theory construction, but the inventive spontaneity or “dynamism” of scientific thought. While celebrating science as the ultimate expression of reason, he paid as much attention to its imaginative false starts as to the rational explanations it adopts. By 1938, moreover, he had turned explicitly to the activity of imagination: this became the general theme of a number of works that revolve freely about the four elements of an earlier and more poetic “science,” and the philosopher's field eventually was to become nothing less than his total experience, whether reasoned, lived or dreamed.
The Handling Characteristics of European Intercity Buses

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">From time to time, over many years, MIRA (the Motor Industry Research Association) has carried out surveys of the handling behaviours of various classes of road vehicles. The most recent investigation has concerned modern European intercity buses, or coaches as they are termed in Britain.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The work was sponsored by the British Government together with five vehicle manufacturers who each supplied one bus. The main aim of the work was to ascertain the handling characteristics of a sample of modern buses in terms of both absolute behaviour and relative behaviour compared to other classes of road vehicles. However, the manufacturers sponsoring the work were also very interested to discover any correlation between various features of layout of the vehicles and the handling characteristics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To quantify the vehicle behaviours, MIRA used the test and data analysis techniques it had developed with other classes of road vehicles, techniques which have been incorporatedinto ISO standard procedures.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper presents the more important handling characteristics of the fully laden buses, together with some typical results for other classes of road vehicles. The findings of the work may be summarised as follows:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">By using “state-of-the-art” bus design it has been possible to improve the handling characteristics of heavy vehicles;</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the context of heavy vehicle behaviour, the handling characteristics of the modern buses tested are good;</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">3.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It has been possible to correlate some features of bus design and layout to their handling responses.</div> </li> </ol> </div>
Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Antibodies

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Because 7 S immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies of low type specificity were present in mixtures with highly specific 19 S IgM antibodies, many bovine antisera to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A 12 , strain 119 cross-reacted with type O of FMDV and to some degree with type C in the passive hemagglutination (HA) test. After 19 S IgM antibodies were separated by density gradient centrifugation or precipitated with 4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol, the antigen could be determined with “block” HA tests. Such tests used several antigen concentrations in the titration of each antiserum. Adding 4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol to the serum was especially convenient for rapid precipitation of 19 S IgM antibodies for the test. Similar results were obtained with bovine 19 S IgM antibodies to FMDV type O, subtype 1, strain Caseros and type C strain Rezende.
Changes in Some Parameters in Mixtures of Sainfoin with Subterranean Clover

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in some morphological and physiological parameters (leaves/stems ratio, total plastid pigments content, amount of fixed nitrogen) of sainfoin (Onobrychis Adans.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum ssp.), pure grown and in mixtures in ratio 50:50% were studied in filed experiment in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven (2011-2015). Local population of sainfoin and three subspecies of subterranean clover, i.e. Trifolium subterraneum spp. brachycalicinum (cv. Antas), Trifolium subterraneum spp. yanninicum (cv. Trikkala) and Trifolium subterraneum spp. subterraneum (cv. Denmark) were used. Leaves/stems ratio of sainfoin in pure stands was 0.35 and it was found be enhanced in mixtures with Trifolium subterraneum spp. brachycalicinum (0.39) by 12.8%, and with Trifolium subterraneum spp. yanninicum (0.38) by 9.5%. Total plastid pigments in mixtures increased by 8.3% for Trifolium subterraneum spp. yanninicum spp. brachycalicinum and Trifolium subterraneum spp. yanninicum, and by 9.8% for Trifolium subterraneum spp. subterraneum, and decreased in sainfoin by 17.2% for mixture with Trifolium subterraneum spp. yanninicum. There were from 2.20 kg N/da (sainfoin + Trifolium subterraneum spp. subterraneum) to 2.88 kg N/da (sainfoin + Trifolium subterraneum spp. brachycalicinum) more fixed nitrogen in comparison to the amount fixed from pure grown sainfoin. Sainfoin and subterranean clover in mixtures showed good mutual tolerance, morphological and physiological status.
Towards the criteria for product-service system: new challenges and contributions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research analyses which criteria were considered by the firms when offering a PSS and how these criteria contribute on the business processes and relationships. The research procedures include the identification of the PSS criteria, an academic validation carried out in conjunction with researchers on this field as well as being discussed the results. To literature review, the databases of Scopus, ScienceDirect, CIRP Annals and Procedia CIRP were used. The study indicates that the incorporation of the product-service culture contributes toward the improvement of the services offered by the companies. The existence of more effective process integration can be of vital importance to ensure a full PSS delivery. The suitability of the internal processes and the structure go hand in hand with the relationships developed with the business partners for a better adjustment of the market offering. Sustainability invariably results in a more proactive management. The study makes a preliminary reflection on the contribution that PSS criteria brings to the management of businesses and opens up new perspectives and challenges.
New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Perkins, Philip D. (2011): New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3074: 1-198, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1050060
Numerical Model for Cosmic Rays Species Production and Propagation in the Galaxy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in studying the propagation and origin of cosmic rays, as new and more accurate data have become available. Many models have been developed to study cosmic ray interactions and propagation showed flexibility in resembling various astrophysical conditions and good agreement with observational data. However, some astrophysical problems cannot be addressed using these models, such as the stochastic nature of the cosmic rays source, small-scale structures and inhomogeneities in the interstellar gas that can affect radioactive secondary abundance in cosmic rays. We have developed a new model and a corresponding computer code that can address some of these limitations. The model depends on the expansion of the backward stochastic solution of the general diffusion transport equation (Zhang 1999) starting from an observer position to solve a group of diffusion transport equations each of which represents a particular element or isotope of cosmic ray nuclei. In this paper we are focusing on key abundance ratios such as B/C, sub-Fe/Fe, (10)Be/(9)Be, (26)Al/(27)Al, (36)Cl/(37)Cl and (54)Mn/(55)Mn, which all have well established cross sections, to evaluate our model. The effect of inhomogeneity in the interstellar medium is investigated. The contribution of certain cosmic ray nuclei to the production of other nuclei is addressed. The contribution of various galactic locations to the production of cosmic ray nuclei observed at solar system is also investigated.
The Being in Thomas Aquinas and Hegel from Cornelio Fabro’s perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The names of Thomas Aquinas and Hegel have a prominent place in the history of philosophy. Their metaphysical conceptions rise as two large monuments that summarize the whole culture and thought of an Era. Cornelio Fabro considers that they both have two clearly defined speculative positions which deserve special confrontation with regard to the central problem of Metaphysics: the problem of Being. The present paper aims to show the innovative interpretation of these two great authors made by the Italian philosopher, in order to re-evaluate his exegesis and speculative reflection.
Knowledge discovery and memory space as asymmetric information-the architecture of the Internet media lab netzspannung.org

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we describe the elements of netzspannung.org, an on-line media laboratory as a Competence Centre for digital art, culture and technology. To this end netzspannung.org is being developed as an open distributed toolbox for knowledge discovery and experimentation with networked media resources accompanied by community, information channels and media strategies connecting processes in virtual space with real places. The first online demonstrator of netzspannung.org explores the creation of an architecture for visualising and exploring the interrelations between media art, culture, science aid technology. URL http://netzspannung.org.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-binding protein-1 (Onercept) injected by intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes into healthy volunteers.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-binding protein-1 (r-hTBP-1, Onercept) were investigated after intravascular and extravascular injection, in three studies in healthy volunteers. Subjects received Onercept as single intravenous doses of 5, 15, 50 and 150 mg, or single IV, IM, SC injection of 50 mg, or six repeated SC injections of 50 mg. Based on vital signs, hematology and blood chemistry, antibodies to study drug and local tolerability, r-hTBP-1 exhibited a remarkably safe profile. There was no evidence of alteration of hepatic oxidative metabolism. Recombinant-hTBP-1 showed linear pharmacokinetics that could be described by a triexponential model, and exhibited an initial half-life of 30 min, an intermediate half-life of 4 hours and a terminal elimination half-life of about 15 hours, although it was prolonged to 21 hours after repeated SC injections. The total clearance was estimated at 4 l/h. The initial (Vc) and steady state (Vss) volumes of distribution were approximately 4 l and 10 l, respectively. Renal clearance was minimal, representing around 2.5% of the total clearance, and remained constant after increasing doses of r-hTBP-1. The absorption was slow and biphasic. The immunoactivity of r-hTBP-1 was closely related to its biological activity, although the assessment was limited to only some of the samples. As anticipated in normal healthy volunteers, the pharmacodynamic response was generally not different from placebo. Total TNF-alpha serum levels increased slightly, 1 hour following IV administration of 50 mg and 150 mg r-hTBP-1. However, no major increase in the active entity levels (free TNF-alpha) was observed. In addition, no TNF-alpha-driven biological response was observed, i.e. C-reactive protein, IL-6 and fibrinogen remained almost constant, as did transferrin and albumin. Its safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics make Onercept a candidate drug suitable for antagonising pathologically high levels of TNF-alpha as reported in inflammatory, immune and cardiovascular diseases.