jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF MATURATION DESICCATION IN REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN PLANT SEEDS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The final stage of development of most plant seeds is maturation drying, a process often accompanied by a dramatic decline in storage-protein synthesis. When desiccation is imposed prematurely at certain stages prior to the completion of development, a switch in synthetic events is elicited: events unique to development, such as synthesis of storage protein, are terminated, while syntheses of proteins associated with germination and growth are initiated. To determine whether desiccation plays a key role in effecting a decline in expression of genes for storage proteins by acting directly upon the regulatory regions of these developmental genes, the desiccation responsiveness of the 5' and 3' regulatory regions of the genes encoding the pea storage protein vicilin and the Brassica napus storage protein napin was tested in transgenic tobacco. Chimeric genes were introduced into tobacco; these genes consisted of the coding region of the reporter gene for P-glucuronidase (GUS) and 5' and/or 3' regions from the vicilin or napin genes. As controls, the same regions derived from constitutively expressed genes, presumed to be desiccation insensitive were used. In transgenic seed expressing the gene constructs containing the vicilin or napin promoters, GUS activities declined during late seed development, and more dramatically, after imbibition of mature dry seed or prematurely dried seed. In contrast, GUS activities increased after seed rehydration when the constitutive 35s CaMV promoter replaced the storage-protein gene 5' region. Transient expression assays support the hypothesis that premature drying down-regulates the expression of the storage protein gene promoter. Following desiccation, this region may become insensitive to positive controlling factors; alternatively, changes to trans-acting factors may occur. The possible interaction between desiccation and abscisic acid (ABA) was also studied at the molecular level using transgenic tobacco seeds. ABA caused a 2-3 fold increase in GUS activity in developing transgenic seed expressing chimeric gene constructs containing the vicilin or napin promoters. However, when these seeds were prematurely dried prior to their culture on ABA, enhancement of GUS activity was virtually abolished. Chimeric gene constructs containing the C M V 35s promoter did not respond to ABA, whether premature drying was applied or not. Thus, following drying, vicilin and napin chimeric genes, initially sensitive to ABA, become relatively insensitive to the hormone. The effect of premature drying on the gibberellic acid (GA)-sensitivity of aleurone layer cells of developing barley grain was also investigated. Premature drying of 30 days after anthesis (DAA) developing grain led to the acquisition of GA-responsiveness, resulting in increased a-amylase production and secretion and the induction of mRNA for a-amylase. Transient expression of chimeric gene constructs in aleurone layer cells suggests that maturation drying up-regulates the a-amylase gene promoter in response to
CCXLVII.—Substituted aromatic aldehydes in Hantzsch's pyridine condensation. Part II. Methyl- and nitro-benzaldehydes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

L. E. Hinkel, E. E. Ayling and W. H. Morgan, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 1835 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310001835
Cardiac arrest and pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiopulmonary arrest in pregnancy is rare occurring in 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. When it does occur, it is important for a clinician to be familiar with the features peculiar to the pregnant state. Knowledge of the anatomic and physiologic changes of pregnancy is helpful in the treatment and diagnosis. Although the main focus should be on the mother, it should not be forgotten that there is another potential life at stake. Resuscitation of the mother is performed in the same manner as in any other patient, except for a few minor adjustments because of the changes of pregnancy. The specialties of obstetrics and neonatology should be involved early in the process to ensure appropriate treatment of both mother and the newborn. This article will explore the changes that occur in pregnancy and their impact on treatment. The common causes of maternal cardiac arrest will be discussed briefly.
Computational prediction of new CYP17 inhibitors based on pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and docking approach.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

17α-Hydroxylase/C17-20-lyase (P450 17, CYP 17) is an important enzyme in the androgen biosynthesis and inhibitors of this enzyme can be used for the treatment of prostate cancer. With the aim of developing new inhibitors for the target enzyme, we generated a structure-based pharmacophore model to further explain the binding requirements for human CYP17 inhibitors. Seven common features of steroidal CYP17 inhibitors were determined using MOE software. This pharmacophore model was then used to search the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) with the aim of developing more potent and selective CYP17 inhibitors by identifying new hits. We were able to identify 36 structures as possible active CYP17 inhibitors. Docking studies for the selected compounds from the database were also performed and the best three compounds were chosen as possible hits.
Compact terahertz spectrometer based on a metasurface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We design, fabricate, and measure a novel spectrometer based on meta-surface structures, aiming to optimize its spectroscopic resolution within a band from 1.7 to 2.5 THz. The latter corresponds to a bandwidth of 38%, being comparable with a grating spectrometer. The meta-surfaces apply unit cells that consist of double-anchor structures based on gold, polyimide and gold triple layers. Several quantum cascade lasers that operate at slightly different frequencies around 2.1 THz were used to validate the spectrometer. We have measured a resolving power R of 273 and an efficiency of 78 %. Our results demonstrate for the first time a centimeter-sized, light weight FIR spectrometer with a promising resolution, which has potential to replace the half meter-sized, heavy grating based spectrometers in this wavelength band.
Comment on: Central retinal vein occlusion secondary to varicella zoster retinal vasculitis in an immunocompetent individual during the COVID-19 pandemic - A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dear Editor, With great interest, I went through the article titled "Central retinal vein occlusion secondary to varicella zoster retinal vasculitis in an immunocompetent individual during the COVID-19 pandemic - A case report" by Sarpangala et al.[1] The authors have managed a tricky case in which multiple etiologies had to be ruled out. I have a few observations. The authors have mentioned that there was clinical improvement 3 days following institution of systemic anti-viral therapy. However, in the clinical fundus photograph provided, 3 days following therapy, it seems as if the vascular sheathing along the superotemporal vein has actually increased (worsened) following anti-viral therapy. It would be good to know the duration between initial presentation and institution of systemic therapy. A longer duration between initial presentation and start of therapy might have led to an increase in the vascular sheathing. It will also be interesting to know if there was an increase in visual acuity and decrease in vitreous haze 3 days after starting anti-viral therapy. Ocular involvement in sarcoidosis is present in 80% of the cases and is frequently manifested before the diagnosis of systemic disease.[2] Posterior segment involvement in sarcoidosis can take the form of retinal vasculitis, perivenous infiltrates with characteristic candle wax drippings, choroiditis patches, and optic nerve granuloma. Absence of characteristic sarcoid lesions does not rule out ocular sarcoidosis. The definitive diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis is based on biopsy-proven lesions compatible with clinical signs of uveitis.[2] Investigations supportive of ocular sarcoidosis include raised serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/lysozyme levels, chest X-ray or high-resolution computed tomography suggestive of bilateral perihilar lymphadenopathy, abnormal liver enzyme tests, and negative tuberculin test in a BCG-vaccinated patient.[2] The present case had raised serum ACE levels. Other laboratory tests supportive of ocular sarcoidosis could have been performed before ruling it out as a possible etiology. In addition, the present case had raised serum homocysteine levels. Elevated serum homocysteine is itself an independent risk factor associated with retinal vein occlusions.[3] Raised serum homocysteine levels can also be associated with systemic thrombosis. The chances of raised homocysteine level as the possible etiology for central retinal vein occlusion in the present case seem highly unlikely. However, as elevated levels of serum homocysteine are associated with thrombotic lesions, treatment should be started to lower its level to prevent any systemic complications in the future. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
India's civilizational arguments in south Asia: from Nehruvianism to Hindutva

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract India has used civilizational discourses as part of its foreign policy to articulate its rise and rightful place in the world order. This article primarily examines India's civilizational arguments in south Asia. India's civilizational arguments in the region demand scrutiny as the neighbourhood is a theatre of contestation between territorial India and the claims of its civilizational space. Analysing historical accounts on Indian civilization, official documents and domestic narratives in India about south Asia, the article makes three points. First, India's civilizational articulation oscillates between two paradigmatic and contrasting representations of Nehruvianism and Hindutva variants. Second, it is argued that despite the ascendancy of Hindutva's civilizational symbolism since 2014, India's south Asia policy shows no paradigmatic change. Finally, it points to how the Hindutva project may be detrimental to India's self-image and dealings in south Asia. The article argues that while there is no official corroboration of Hindutva's claims in India's south Asia policy, the increasing salience of the domestic discussions around Akhand Bharat (undivided India) invites complications for India in its neighbourhood. India's Hindutva-driven civilizational claims raise anxieties of an Indian cultural hegemony in an asymmetric region splintered across territorial and nationalistic lines.
Carers of People with Dementia and the Use of Assistive Technologies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Assistive technologies have a role in supporting both formal and informal carers of people with dementia. Whilst assistive technologies have a role in maintaining the independence and quality of life of both people with dementia and their carers, their use has both disadvantages and advantages, can pose challenges for all concerned, and raises ethical dilemmas. In this chapter, a model derived from Arnstein's ladder of participation is used to highlight the importance of empowering and connecting with carers in order to increase their participation in the care of their relative or client. Empowerment and connection contribute to maintaining the autonomy and well-being of both carers and people with dementia: technological interventions should not be used as alternatives to connection. The emphasis in practice should be on empowering and connecting with both carers and people with dementia.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotinic Acid in Human Monocytes Are Mediated by GPR109A Dependent Mechanisms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective— Nicotinic acid (NA) treatment has been associated with benefits in atherosclerosis that are usually attributed to effects on plasma lipoproteins. The NA receptor GPR109A is expressed in monocytes and macrophages, suggesting a possible additional role for NA in modulating function of these immune cells. We hypothesize that NA has the potential to act directly on monocytes to alter mediators of inflammation that may contribute to its antiatherogenic effects in vivo. Methods and Results— In human monocytes activated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide, NA reduced secretion of proinflammatory mediators: TNF-α (by 49.2±4.5%); interleukin-6 (by 56.2±2.8%), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (by 43.2±3.1%) ( P <0.01). In TLR2 agonist, heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes-activated human monocytes, NA reduced secretion of TNF-α (by 48.6±7.1%), interleukin-6 (by 60.9±1.6%), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (by 59.3±5.3%) ( P <0.01; n=7). Knockdown of GPR109A by siRNA resulted in a loss of this anti-inflammatory effect in THP-1 monocytes. However, inhibition of prostaglandin D 2 receptor by MK0524 or COX2 by NS398 did not alter the anti-inflammatory effects of NA observed in activated human monocytes. Preincubation of THP-1 monocytes with NA 0.1 mmol/L reduced phosphorylated IKKβ by 42±2% ( P <0.001) IKB-α by 54±14% ( P <0.01). Accumulation of nuclear p65 NF-κB in response to lipopolysaccharide treatment was also profoundly inhibited, by 89±1.3% (n=4; P <0.01). NA potently inhibited monocyte adhesion to activated HUVEC, and VCAM, mediated by the integrin, very late antigen 4. Monocyte chemotaxis was also significantly reduced (by 45.7±1.2%; P <0.001). Conclusion— NA displays a range of effects that are lipoprotein-independent and potentially antiatherogenic. These effects are mediated by GPR109A and are independent of prostaglandin pathways. They suggest a rationale for treatment with NA that is not dependent on levels of plasma cholesterol and possible applications beyond the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Interpreting the self: autobiography in the Arabic literary tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Acknowledgments Introduction 1 PART ONE A Thousand Years of Arabic Autobiography The Fallacy of Western Origins 17 The Origins of Arabic Autobiography 36 Toward a History of Arabic Autobiography 52 Arabic Autobiography and the Literary Portrayal of the Self 72 PART TWO Translations Hunayn ibn Ishaq (d. 873 or 877) 107 Al-Tirmidhi (d. between 905 and 910) 119 Al-Mu'ayyad al-Shirazi (d. 1077) 132 'Imad al-Din al-Katib al-Isfahani (d. 1201) 145 'Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (d. 1231) 156 Ibn al-'Adim (d. 1262) 165 Abu Shama (d. 1268) 179 Al-Simnani (d. 1336) 188 'Abd Allah al-Turjuman [Fray Anselmo Turmeda) (d. 1432?) 194 Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 1505) 202 Al-'Aydarus (d. 1628) 208 Yusuf al-Bahrani (d. 1772) 216 'Ali Mubarak (d. 1893) 224 Conclusion 241 Annotated Guide to Arabic Autobiographical Writings 255 Glossary 289 References 295 List of Contributors 311 Index 313
[Organization of simple sequences in the Drosophilia melanoga ter genome].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fragments of Drosophila melanogaster DNA that intensively hybridize with simple sequences poly[(dG-dT).(dC-dA)], poly[(dA).(dT)] and poly[(dG-dA).(dC-dT)] were cloned. The first two types of simple sequences are organized in these clones as separated stretches of moderate length, repeated many times within 12-15 kb. Each cluster contains only one type of the simple sequences and originates from a unique in the genome. In contrast, poly[(dG-dA).(dC-dT)] occurs in the genome as several isolated motifs.
OP5: Eccrine Porocarcinoma: Experience of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Case Series of 14 Patients in Finland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant sweat gland tumour. Lymph node involvement is reported in 17-54% [1-3] of the cases. There are only few case series reporting the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) [2-4]. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study including all patients treated with EPC in Helsinki University Hospital in 2000-2016. Medical records were reviewed in detail and all the histological samples re-evaluated. RESULTS: 14 patients were treated with EPC. At initial evaluation two patients had lymph node metastases and one tumour was a recurrence. SLNB was done in six patients. There were no positive sentinel lymph nodes. The primary tumour was treated with wide local excision. Two patients had lymph node dissections and one received adjuvant radiotherapy. There were no further recurrences or metastasis in follow-up (mean 8.4 years). Three patients died of unknown causes. At histological evaluation, the mean depth of invasion was 6.5 mm and the mean number of mitoses 3/mm2. There was no lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSION: EPC might not behave as aggressively as previously reported. The role of SNLB in EPC warrants further studies.
Effects of Environmental Temperature on the Concentration of Serum Estradiol, Progesterone, and Calcium in Maturing Female Domestic Fowl

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of environmental temperature on serum estradiol, progesterone, and calcium concentration in White Plymouth Rock pullets were investigated from 12 to 24 weeks of age. Pullets were grown from 10 weeks of age in individual cages at constant environmental temperatures of 13 C, 25 C, or 35 C. Serum estradiol land progesterone concentrations were measured by the use of radioimmunoassay. Serum calcium was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There were no significant differences in growth rate or concentration of serum estradiol, progesterone, or calcium between pullets kept at 13 C and 25 C. There was a marked increase in serum estradiol and calcium concentration before onset of lay. There were high correlations between serum estradiol and calcium concentration in pullets kept at 13 C (r = .803) and 25 C (r = .813). Progesterone concentration in pullets kept at 13 C and 25 C reached a peak at 20 weeks of age. By contrast, pullets kept at 35 C had significantly lower growth rates and lower concentrations of serum estradiol, progesterone and calcium than those kept at the other two environmental temperatures. The high environmental temperature of 35 C inhibited growth and delayed sexual maturation of pullets.
4CPS-129 Chemotherapy near the end of life in onco-haematological adult patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

The use of chemotherapy close to the end of the life is not advisable, especially when the probabilities of improvement are limited. The intensity of anticancer treatment at this stage has been suggested as one of the factors influencing quality of life. Data at a European level are scarce, but show signs of overly aggressive treatment.

Purpose

To analyse the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy within the last 2 weeks of life in a Haematology and Oncology setting. To describe the clinical variables of the patients receiving chemotherapy at the end of life, including the type of treatment.

Material and methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Electronic records were used (HCIS, HospiWin). Adults aged 18 or older, who died of an onco-haematological neoplasia between 1 April 2017 and 30 March 2018 were included. We assessed the use of chemotherapy over the course of the last 14 days of life, defined as the administration of at least one dose of chemotherapy (including oral targeted therapies and biotherapy). Gender, age, prescribing unit, primary malignancy, last type of treatment (chemotherapy, biotherapy or both), route of administration (parenteral, oral) and temporal interval between the last chemotherapy administration and death of the patient were collected. For descriptive analysis, the statistical program SPPS version 23.0 was used.

Results

A total of 298 patients died between the prespecified period in the Haematology and Oncology units, of whom 60.4% were male, with a median age of 65±13 years (range 30–87). The hospital unit of origin was Oncology for 86.9% (n=259) and Haematology for 13.1% (n=39) of the cases. Tumours with the highest number of deaths were lung (24.4%), breast (15.4%) and colon (9%). A total of 28.2% (n=11) of haematological and 25.9% (n=67) of oncological patients received chemotherapy during the last 14 days before death. Overall rate was 26.2% (n=78). In these patients, the most widely used therapeutic regimen was classic chemotherapy, administered in 79.5% of patients (67.7% intravenous treatment).

Conclusion

The outcomes confirm that the proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life is high, showing excessive aggressiveness at the end-of-life care.

References and/or acknowledgements

No conflict of interest.
Clostridium sordelliias a Cause of Fatal Septic Shock in a Child with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clostridium sordellii is a toxin producing ubiquitous gram-positive anaerobe, mainly associated with trauma, soft tissue skin infections, and gynecologic infection. We report a unique case of a new strain of Clostridium sordellii (not present in the Center for Disease Control (CDC) database) infection induced toxic shock syndrome in a previously healthy two-year-old male with colitis-related hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The patient presented with dehydration, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. He was transferred to the pediatric critical care unit (PICU) for initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Due to increased edema and intolerance of PD, he was transitioned to hemodialysis through a femoral vascular catheter. He subsequently developed severe septic shock with persistent leukocytosis and hypotension, resulting in subsequent death. Stool culture confirmed Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7 . A blood culture was positively identified for Clostridium sordellii . Clostridium sordelli is rarely reported in children; to our knowledge this is the first case described in a pediatric patient with HUS.
Dialogue and Nuclear Conflict

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Consideration of moral responsibility in nuclear combat has been caught between stupefied horror at the enormity of such conflict and largely hysterical protests by nuclear pacifists. Meanwhile, the large body of citizenry who entertain moderate views have found it difficult to formulate their feelings in a coherent way. Moreover, the technical discussions of nuclear combat, counter-city warfare, overkill, etc. have overshadowed moral reflection—particularly because technical discussion sustains an aura of secrecy.
Changes in Social and Emotional Well-Being over the Lifespan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although preserving social relationships plays a critical role in successful aging, a large body of work has shown that the size of older adults’ social networks declines with age. This decline could reflect older adults’ increased desire to preserve their emotional well-being (having greater positive than negative affect). However, because emotional well-being is associated with longer lifespans whereas having smaller social networks is not, other factors may contribute to older adults’ declining network. This chapter reviews one such possibility: age-related declines in social cognition. Core social cognitive functions that play an integral role in developing and maintaining social relationships – understanding the mental states of others, emotion recognition, inhibiting socially inappropriate responses, and prejudice reduction – are impaired in aging populations. This chapter reviews each of these, and considers how they might influence older adults’ ability to develop and maintain high-quality social networks.