jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Greater Clinical Implementation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cardiac imaging community is facing a peculiar paradox. There is abundant evidence showing that CCTA is the most appropriate initial imaging test in patients with suspected CAD. The evidence has been presented at length here and elsewhere in this textbook. Yet CCTA is far less commonly utilized than older, less effective tests like MPI and SE (recall that in the Medicare population, MPI is used 53 times as often as CCTA). Possible reasons for this have been discussed earlier. Hopefully some of the obstacles preventing greater use of CCTA will be resolved as time goes on. The imaging equipment will undoubtedly become faster, more efficient, and more automated, thus allowing radiologic technologists to do most of the work without requiring the presence of a physician. Advances in software and machine learning are already occurring and will allow for computer-aided identification of exams that are normal. We must do a better job at educating our primary care colleagues and the nurse practitioners and physician assistants who work for them about the advantages accruing to early use of CCTA in their chest pain patients. Cardiologists and other cardiac imagers who have become overly accustomed to using MPI (perhaps because they own the equipment) should be encouraged to change their approach. As Arbab-Zadeh has pointed out (Arbab-Zadeh A, J Am Coll Cardiol Img 9:565–567, 2016), CCTA has come a long way and is ready for prime time. Cardiologists and radiologists must work together to make it happen.
Influence of radiative heat transfer on the sublimation of a single chromium (III) β-diketonate particle in the superheated mixture of vapor-inert gas

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of nonstationary sublimation of spherical particles of Cr(acac) 3 , floating in the volume of a binary mixture (argonsuperheated vapor of precursor) in a reactor with hot walls. The influence of the vapor content, reactor wall temperature and radiative heat transfer on the kinetics of sublimation/desublimation are analyzed. The characteristic times of induction and total sublimation, as well as the intensity of mass entrainment from the surface of particles of different sizes are determined. The influence of radiation from the hot walls of the sublimator on these parameters is determined.
Injectable and Sprayable Polyphenol-Based Hydrogels for Controlling Hemostasis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Injectable and sprayable hydrogels have attracted considerable attention for application in the biomedical field owing to their high moldability and efficiency in encapsulating therapeutics and cells. Herein, we report the spontaneous assembly of injectable and sprayable hydrogels via a one-step mixing of solutions of tannic acid (TA) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) without an external stimulus. The presence of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) improves the mechanical properties and reduces the gelation time of the resulting hydrogels. The hydrogels assemble via hydrogen bonds between TA and CMCS as well as via dynamic boronate ester bonds between TA and BDBA, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Balancing the interactions between the three components (CMCS/TA/BDBA) is essential for the construction of the hydrogels. The moduli of the CMCS-TA-BDBA hydrogels initially increase as the amount of BDBA increases and decrease after reaching a maximum value at a BDBA-to-TA molar ratio of 3:1. The CMCS-TA-BDBA hydrogels with interconnected porous morphologies display rapid gelation (∼10 s), biocompatibility, self-healing, injectable, and sprayable abilities. In addition, the hydrogels can be used for hemostasis. The extent of bleeding in mouse livers treated with the hydrogels could be reduced extensively from 240 (nontreated mouse livers) to 55 mg (77% reduction). The reported hydrogels coupled with the combination of functionality and biological activity make them promising hemostatic materials for biomedical applications.
Toward Achieving Equity for Women in Social Work Education: A Conceptual Frame of Reference and Guidelines for Organizing Equity Efforts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Toward Achieving Equity for Women in Social Work Education: A Conceptual Frame of Reference and Guidelines for Organizing Equity Efforts Get access Toward Achieving Equity for Women in Social Work Education: A Conceptual Frame of Reference and Guidelines for Organizing Equity Efforts. By Nancy Coleman. New York: Council on Social Work Education, 1982. 53 pp. $6.00 paper. Anne Minahan Anne Minahan School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Work, Volume 28, Issue 2, March-April 1983, Page 172, https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/28.2.172 Published: 01 March 1983
From Child to Genocide Perpetrator: Narrative Identity Analysis Among Genocide Prisoners Incarcerated in Muhanga Prison, Rwanda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Felix Bigabo,1 Angela Jansen2 1Coordinator, Sociotherapy Programme, Prison Fellowship Rwanda (PFR), Member of Prison Fellowship International, Kigali, Rwanda; 2Program Manager, Community-Based Sociotherapy (CBS), Kigali, RwandaCorrespondence: Felix Bigabo Tel +250788437255Email felbig@yahoo.frBackground: This article focuses on the narrative identity of eight convicted genocide perpetrators in Rwanda, who participated in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. Narrative identity is the internalised and evolving story of the self that a person constructs to make sense and meaning out of his life. This study focused on the key autobiographical memories, present day experiences and the anticipated future of genocide perpetrators by exploring the self-perception of genocide perpetrators, in the context of their psychosocial rehabilitation.Methods: The Biographic Narrative Interpretive Methods (BNIM) were used for the collection and analysis of life stories of the eight genocide prisoners in Muhanga Prison.Results: The narratives of the respondents converged into five main themes: (a) the childhood experience of abandonment, (b) the process of ethnic self-discovery and positioning, (c) the perpetrator narrative, (d) the imprisoned self and (e) the imagined future self. Two main feelings from their narratives were outlined. Those feelings were the feeling of the abandoned and the feeling of the abandoner in the context of making sense and meaning out of their lives. Results revealed that the positioning of genocide perpetrators through their narratives can influence positively or negatively their rehabilitation. What is important in this article is the exploration of the account of the self-perception of the convicted genocide perpetrators throughout pre- and post-genocide Rwanda and the way they project their future self. Two main feelings from their narratives were outlined: the feeling of the abandoned and the feeling of the abandoner in the context of making sense and meaning out of their lives. Results revealed that positioning of genocide perpetrators through their narratives can influence positively or negatively their rehabilitation.Conclusion: Genocide perpetrators in the context of Rwanda continuously work on ways to acknowledge, rationalise or justify those acts as part of their biography. Interventions enabling their self-discovery can have a positive impact on their self as prisoners, their families and the community at large in post-genocide Rwanda.Keywords: narrative identity, self-perception, genocide, Rwanda, genocide perpetrator, imprisonment
LHD Langmuir4 #109620.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
An Experimental Study on the Fire Spread Rate and Separation Distance between Facing Stores in Passage-Type Traditional Markets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Real-scale fire experiments were conducted to understand the fire spread characteristics of the major combustibles handled in traditional markets, a space with high fire risk. The major combustibles were selected through field surveys administered at a number of traditional markets. Through real-scale fire experiments, the horizontal fire spread rate according to the maximum heat release rate of major combustibles was examined. In addition, the separation distance to prevent fire spread to the facing store by radiant heat transfer was examined. As a result of the experiments, it was confirmed that the arrangement method of the combustibles causes a large change in the maximum heat release rate, fire growth rate, and fire spread rate. The horizontal fire spread rate showed a linear proportional relationship with respect to the maximum heat release rate regardless of the type of combustibles, and a correlation to define the relationship was proposed. A correlation equation for predicting the separation distance that can prevent fire spread by radiant heat transfer was proposed, and the curve by the correlation equation was in good agreement with the experimental results. Through this study, it is expected that the correlation proposed to examine the horizontal fire spread rate and the separation distance of major combustibles in a traditional market can be usefully used in the design of fire protection systems to reduce fire damage in the traditional market.
[Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of acemetacin and tolmetin (author's transl)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In a controlled double blind study the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of [1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-acetoxy] acetic acid (acemetacin, TV 1322, Rantudil¿) and tolmetin were compared in 40 patients suffering from acute and subacute painful irritant conditions in the spinal area and joints. The maximal duration of the study was 20 days. In the case of acemetcin the daily dose was 90 mg and in the case of tolmetin it was 600 mg. The clinical symptoms kinesalgia, pain caused by pressure, and functional impairment were significantly improved by both acemetacin and tolmetin. A comparison of the two therapy groups did not reveal any difference. Also a statistical comparison of the evaluations of the therapeutic efficacy by the physician did not reveal any significant difference, although the assessment "very good" occurred twice as frequently in the acemetacin group (13 out of 20) as in the tolmetin group (6 out of 20). In only one patient treated with tolmetin undesired drug reactions occurred. These resulted in discontinuation of the therapy. No side effects occurred in the acemetacin group. Acemetacin, which in experimental animal investigations not only showed an antiinflammatory but also an analgesic effect, is according to the results of our study also suitable for the therapy of symptoms in which the analgesic efficacy of a drug decisively influences the therapeutic success.
Toward an African Agenda for AI Safety

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper maps Africa's distinctive AI risk profile, from deepfake fuelled electoral interference and data colonial dependency to compute scarcity, labour disruption and disproportionate exposure to climate driven environmental costs. While major benefits are promised to accrue, the availability, development and adoption of AI also mean that African people and countries face particular AI safety risks, from large scale labour market disruptions to the nefarious use of AI to manipulate public opinion. To date, African perspectives have not been meaningfully integrated into global debates and processes regarding AI safety, leaving African stakeholders with limited influence over the emerging global AI safety governance agenda. While there are Computer Incident Response Teams on the continent, none hosts a dedicated AI Safety Institute or office. We propose a five-point action plan centred on (i) a policy approach that foregrounds the protection of the human rights of those most vulnerable to experiencing the harmful socio-economic effects of AI; (ii) the establishment of an African AI Safety Institute; (iii) promote public AI literacy and awareness; (iv) development of early warning system with inclusive benchmark suites for 25+ African languages; and (v) an annual AU-level AI Safety & Security Forum.
Safety and efficacy of flunarizine in childhood migraine: 11 years' experience, with emphasis on its effect in hemiplegic migraine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: The aim of this study was to report a single-centre experience of flunarizine in childhood migraine with focus on safety and efficacy. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective observational audit of 72 individuals (40 male, 32 female; mean age 13y; age range 1y 6mo-17y) at a tertiary paediatric neurology unit between 1998 and 2009. Children were included if they had a diagnosis of migraine and at least one follow-up assessment and a minimum of 3 months' treatment with flunarizine. RESULTS: Of 102 individuals identified, 30 were excluded for the following reasons: no outcome data (n=13), non-migraineurs (n=9), missing records (n=4), or inadequate treatment duration (n=4). Of the final cohort (72 individuals), 44 had migraine without aura, 15 had migraine with aura or childhood migraine equivalents, eight had sporadic hemiplegic migraine, and five had familial hemiplegic migraine. The median age was 13 years (1y 6mo-17y) and median duration of migraine was 48 months. Starting dose was 5mg. Other doses used were 2.5mg (three individuals), 7.5mg (one individual), and 10mg (six individuals). Treatment duration was 12 months. Successful prophylaxis, defined as at least a 50% reduction in attack frequency, was observed in 57% (41/72). Response rate was higher among those with hemiplegic migraines (85%) than in those who did not have hemiplegic migraines (51%). Side effects were noted in 15 (21%) individuals (depression, n=6; weight gain/increased appetite, n=5; tiredness/sedation, n=2; and worsening headache, n=2), and led to discontinuation of treatment in 13. INTERPRETATION: In our cohort of children with migraine, flunarizine appears to be more effective in the hemiplegic migraine group. Adverse effects were seen in one-fifth of the individuals, leading to discontinuation in 18%.
Risk Factors for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism in a Japanese Population: A Hospital-Based Case-control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) have been identified among populations in Western countries but have not been well characterized in Japan. A hospital-based case-control design employed cases with PE, which diagnosed by standard imaging techniques; controls were individuals drawn by systematic random sampling from the hospital admission register. A total of 100 (38 males and 62 females) and 199 controls were identified. Patients with PE were younger (56.5 vs 60.9 years) and more likely to be female. The odds ratio ([OR] adjusted for other factors) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of PE was elevated for the following: female gender, prolonged immobilization, history of prior venous thromboembolism (VTE), lower extremity varicose veins, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , extremity paralysis, and gout/hyperuricemia. Inherited thrombophilia was found in 14 patients with PE (14%). Risk factors for PE in Japan are comparable in magnitude to those in Western countries; only one third of PE cases had received VTE prophylaxis.
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion in cleft patients resulting from the use of two different expanders

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in cleft patients using two types of expanders. Methods: Twenty unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were randomly divided into two groups, according to the type of expander used: (I) modified Hyrax and (II) inverted Mini-Hyrax. A pretreatment cone-beam computed tomographic image (T0) was taken as part of the initial orthodontic records and three months after RME, for bone graft planning (T1). Results: In general, there was no significant difference among groups (p > 0.05). Both showed a significant transverse maxillary expansion (p < 0.05) and no significant forward and/or downward movement of the maxilla (p > 0.05). There was greater dental crown than apical expansion. Maxillary posterior expansion tended to be larger than anterior opening (p < 0.05). Cleft and non-cleft sides were symmetrically expanded and there was no difference in dental tipping between both sides (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The appliances tested are effective in the transverse expansion of the maxilla. However, these appliances should be better indicated to cleft cases also presenting posterior transverse discrepancy, since there was greater expansion in the posterior maxillary region than in the anterior one.
PRECIPITATE POTENTIAL OF HIGHWAY SUBBASE AGGREGATES. FINAL REPORT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tufaceous material has been observed clogging pavement drains along highways in northeastern Ohio. Previous studies suggest that the free lime (CaO) present in subbase materials is the source for the deposition of the tufa. Nine slag samples which consisted of air cooled blast furnace (ACBF), open hearth (OF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and electric arc furnace (EAF) slags and two recycled portland cement concretes (RPCC) were evaluated for the tufa precipitate research. An X-ray, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and physicochemical tests were conducted on these samples. In addition, leachate study and surface area measurements were performed to characterize the precipitate potential of these samples. The results of these tests indicate that all of the slags, except the ACBF slag, are prone to produce tufa. The solution of CaO in hot ethylene glycol (sugar test) revealed that the ACBF slag does not contain any residual free lime. The results of the X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses confirmed that ACBF slag does not contain either portlandite or calcium carbonate. X-ray diffraction analysis for both the OH and the BOF slags shows that these slags contain portlandite Ca(OH)2 and calcium carbonate. The Ohio Department of Transportation requires six months aging of slags before they are used. The sugar test results show that the aging of slags for six months or more, does not decrease the free lime content enough to prevent the formation of tufa deposits. TG analyses and the results of the sugar test permit the determination of original percentage free lime. Five groups, according to the calculated total percent free lime are recognized: 1) 0%; 2) 3-5.5%; 3) 8-9%; 4) 10-12%; and 5) 24-25%. The TG and sugar test methods used are excellent and economical ways to characterize the original free lime in slags and the susceptibility of the slags to precipitate CaCO3 in subdrains of highways. The RPCC samples contain both portlandite and calcium carbonate. X-ray diffraction and SEM analyses indicate that one RPCC sample does not contain free lime. The leachate study shows that both samples produce tufa. Therefore, presence of free lime or portlandite in the cement paste of the concrete can result in tufa precipitation.
microPET/CT imaging of local and systemic inflammatory response using 64Cu-labeled anti-CD11b Antibody

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

495 Objectives This study was to develop PET tracer for targeting inflammatory cells and to noninvasively assess local and systemic inflammatory response by infiltration of CD11b+ myeloid cells. Methods BALB/c mice with acute or chronic inflammation in the ears were induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Anti-mouse CD11b antibody was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and then labeled with 64Cu. The specific binding affinity of 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b to CD11b+ myeloid cells was confirmed by cell binding assays. microPET-CT imaging and biodistribution were evaluated at different times after intravenous injection of 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b. Blocking experiments were also performed. Ear tissues from TPA challenged mice were assessed by H&E and immunohistochemistry staining. To verify the systemic response for TPA challenges, the cell sub-population from bone marrow and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b bound specifically to CD11b+ myeloid cells. microPET-CT images showed significantly higher uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b Abs in the ears of mice with acute inflammation than in the ears of mice with chronic inflammation or ears of un-challenged mice. In addition, immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the ear with acute inflammation had greater number of infiltrating CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytes than ear from other groups. Interestingly, whole body PET-CT imaging of mice received 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b showed different systemic response to TPA challenges. The uptake in bone marrow decreased in acute inflammation, but dramatically increased in chronic inflammation compared to normal mice. Flow cytometry studies revealed that observed PET imaging results of systemic inflammatory response were correlated with ratio of CD11b+Gr-1+ sub-population of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. The uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b in bone marrow and spleen could be specifically blocked by cold anti-CD11b antibody. Conclusions 64Cu-DOTA-anti-CD11b antibody is a promising radiotracer for monitoring different stage of local and systemic inflammatory response.
Human Leukocyte Antigen and Periodontal Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is well recognized that plaque microbiota alone cannot account for periodontal tissue destruction, as some individuals are relatively at a higher risk for tissue destruction than others. Probably, some host factors have a role to play in this field. It is well documented that the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) system is a complex genetic polymorphic system in man. HLA have been considered a candidate of genetic risk markers for aggressive periodontitis (AP). The HLA play an important role in immune responsiveness and may be involved in antigen recognition of periodontal pathogens. These cell surface molecules have a key role in antigen presentation and activation of T-cells. The polymorphisms of HLA can directly affect the binding capability of antigen peptides and thus affect the antigen-specific T-cell response. Hence, these polymorphisms could represent an important susceptibility or resistance factor to periodontitis.