jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Judicialization of Religious Freedom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses societies where religious freedom is generally protected by governments, including especially their judicial systems, contrasting this with examples of societies where religious freedom is not valued. The concept of judicialization of religious freedom is delineated, along with growing tendencies in some nations and regions toward the “dejudicialization” of religious freedom. International legal systems and organization entities promoting religious freedom are briefly described, as is the development of legal pluralism in contemporary societies. Three nations where religious freedom is extremely limited are examined to illustrate conditions not conducive to religious freedom. The chapter concludes with a brief sociology of law-oriented analysis on how minority religions sometimes manage to prevail in legal actions against them and the efforts such groups launch in defense of their beliefs and practices. The concept of “cause lawyering” is introduced as part of the explanation of such legal confrontations.
Investment Knowledge, Minimal Capital, Capital Market Training and Motivation for Influence of Investment Interest in Sharia Capital Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of investment knowledge, the minimum capital, capital market training and motivation of the investment interest shares in the capital market. The respondents of this study were students of the Faculty of Economics and Business. The sampling method in this study uses Non Probability Sampling. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that investment knowledge, capital market training and motivation have a significant positive effect on the interest of stock investment in the capital market while minimal capital partially does not affect the interest of stock investment in the capital market.
Effect of buffer on kinetics of proton equilibration with a protonable group

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The laser-induced proton pulse generates a massive, brief, proton pulse capable of perturbing biochemical equilibria. The time resolution of the monitoring system can follow the diffusion-controlled protonation of specific sites on macromolecular bodies [Gutman, M. (1984) Methods Biochem. Anal. 30, 1-103]. In order to apply this method in enzymology, one must first evaluate how the buffer capacity of biochemical systems (substrates and proteins) will affect the observed dynamics. Unlike equilibrium measurements, where buffer is an inert component, in kinetic studies buffer modulates the observed dynamics. In this paper we analyze the effect of buffer on the dynamics of protonation in a model system. We describe the experimental technique and introduce the mathematical formalism that determines the various rate constants involved in the reaction. The analysis of the experiments indicates that in buffered solution proton flux is carried by two mechanisms: (A) proton dissociation followed by free proton diffusion; (B) collisional proton transfer between small diffusing solutes. We demonstrate how to evaluate the contribution of each pathway to the overall proton flux.
Investigation of Ballistic Behavior of Agricultural Waste Doped Hybrid Composite Plates in Vacuum Infusion Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Vakum infüzyon yöntemi, balistik kompozit malzemelerinüretiminde, uçak parçalarının onarımında ve katmanlı hibrit kompozitmalzemelerin üretiminde kullanılır. Bu çalışmada kayısı çekirdeği kabuğu tozu,fındık kabuğu tozu, ceviz kabuğu tozu ve grafen nanotozu katkılı tabaka içerenhibrit kompozit malzemelerin üretimi vakum infüzyon yöntemi ile yapılmıştır.Saf grafen nanopowder eklenmiş ve farklı kabuk tozu eklenmiş katmanlı hibritkompozit numuneler üretildi. Daha sonra üretilen hibrit kompozit numunelerbalistik deneylere tabi tutulmuştur. Güvenlik nedeniyle, yalnızca balistik testsonuçlarının fotoğraflarının paylaşılmasına izin verilmiştir.
Greenland Ice Sheet surface runoff projections to AD2500 using degree-day model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) surface melt-water runoff dominates recent ice mass loss under global warming. We present runoff simulations during 1950-2500 over GrIS under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5, RCP8.5 and their extensions scenarios using three modified degree-day models, forced with five CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) Earth System Models (CanESM2, BNU-ESM, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC-ESM and MIROC-ESM-CHEM). The degree-day factors are tuned at two sites on Greenland to best match the results by surface energy and mass balance model SEMIC. The modeled SMB over Greenland by modified degree-day models agree well with SEMIC in 21th century, then is applied to do projections for the 2100-2500 period. We also consider equilibrium line altitude evolution, surface topography changes and runoff-elevation feedback in the post-2100 simulations. The ensemble mean projected GrIS runoff is equivalent to sea-level rise of 7 cm&amp;#160;(RCP4.5) and 10 cm (RCP8.5) by the end of the 21st century relative to the period 1950-2005, and 25cm (RCP4.5) and 121cm (RCP8.5) by 2500. Runoff-elevation feedback increases extra runoff of 7% (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) by 2100 and 23% (RCP4.5) and 22% (RCP8.5) by 2500. Sensitivity experiments show that 150% and 200% snowfall in post-2100 period would lead&amp;#160;to 10% and 20% runoff increase under RCP4.5, 5% and 10% for RCP8.5, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
Elaboration and Evaluation of Produced Hamburger with Meat of Old Sheep and Pig with Added of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to develop some hamburger meat product aimed at harnessing meat of old sheep, of little acceptance in nature, with pork and chia seed. The better acceptance formulation was used to prepare three formulations the relationship being of sheep/pork of 50/50 (w/w) and chia seed concentrations of 0%, 2% and 4%. The results showed significant difference (p ˂ 0.05) acceptability among FA formulations (without chia seed) and FC (4% chia seed) at 120 days and between FC formulation at 90 and 120 days. The chemical composition was significantly affected by the addition of chia seed. The cooking weight loss was ranging from 11.6% (FC) to 19.29% (FA). In the evaluation of TBARS and IP it was verified interference in the formulations by the addition of chia seed. The use of chia seed these burgers can be recommended up to 4%.
Phase IB Study of Sorafenib and Evofosfamide in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular and Renal Cell Carcinomas (NCCTG N1135, Alliance)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Sorafenib (Sor) remains a first-line option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or refractory renal cell carcinomas (RCC). PLC/PRF/5 HCC model showed upregulation of hypoxia with enhanced efficacy when Sor is combined with hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide (Evo). Methods: This phase IB 3 + 3 design investigated 3 Evo dose levels (240, 340, 480 mg/m2 on days 8, 15, 22), combined with Sor 200 mg orally twice daily (po bid) on days 1-28 of a 28-day cycle. Primary objectives included determining maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of Sor + Evo. Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled (median age 62.5 years; 17 male /1 female; 12 HCC/6 RCC) across three dose levels (DL0: Sor 200 mg bid/Evo 240 mg/m2 [n=6], DL1:Sor 200 mg bid/Evo 480 mg/m2 [n=5], DL1a: Sor 200 mg bid/Evo 340 mg/m2 [n=7]). Two dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported with Evo 480 mg/m2 (grade 3 mucositis, grade 4 hepatic failure). Grade 3 rash DLT was observed in one patient at Evo 240 mg/m2. No DLTs were observed at Evo 340 mg/m2. MTD and RP2D were established as Sor 200 mg/Evo 340 mg/m2 and Sor 200/Evo 240 mg/m2, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events included fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, and nausea/vomiting. Two partial responses were observed, one each at DL0 and DL1a.; disease control rate was 55%.Conclusions: RP2D was established as sorafenib 200 mg bid + Evo 240 mg/m2. While preliminary anti-tumor activity was observed, future development must account for advances in immunotherapy in HCC/RCC. NCT01497444Date of registration December 20, 2011
Small-Molecule Modulation of Lipid-Dependent Cellular Processes against Cancer: Fats on the Gunpoint

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipid cell membrane composed of various distinct lipids and proteins act as a platform to assemble various signaling complexes regulating innumerous cellular processes which are strongly downregulated or altered in cancer cells emphasizing the still-underestimated critical function of lipid biomolecules in cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we outline the current understanding of how membrane lipids act as signaling hot spots by generating distinct membrane microdomains called rafts to initiate various cellular processes and their modulation in cancer phenotypes. We elucidate tangible drug targets and pathways all amenable to small-molecule perturbation. Ranging from targeting membrane rafts organization/reorganization to rewiring lipid metabolism and lipid sorting in cancer, the work summarized here represents critical intervention points being attempted for lipid-based anticancer therapy and future directions.
Design and development of an autonomous glass-cleaning robot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Final Year Project is a Nanyang Technological University’s requirement for all the graduating Engineering students as a part of the curriculum, which attached the student for 2 semesters under the supervising of a Professor. In their Final Year Project the student will choose to the designated project and attached to the supervisor and accomplished the task given by the project supervisor. This Final Year Project will be graded and considered as partial fulfilment for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree Courses in NTU. The author is supposed to work in the project of Design and Development of an Autonomous Glass Cleaning Robot. It will be a whole new project, the author will have to brainstorm and generate a new robot feature of his imagination. In this project, it acquire some basic knowledge of mechanical, electrical and computer engineering. The author need to draw out the concept of the design, doing numerous experiment and the interpretation of the robot.
role of extralinguistic factors in interlingual relations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the role of bilingualism in language relations. The problems of bilingualism and diglossia are of particular importance in modern linguistics. This process is a special form of interlingual communication. The history of bilingualism goes back to earlier times than language policy. The history of bilingualism cannot be traced back to the pre-state period. Language policy is also crucial for the development of bilingualism. This fact is connected with the establishment of the state. Bilingualism came after the establishment of the state and a single language. The language of only one of the tribes received official status, and the remaining tribes were forced to learn the dominant language. Other high-ranking tribes became bilingual by learning the language of the ruling tribe.
Comparative Open Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Terconazole 0.8% Cream in a 5-Day Regimen versus Clotrimazole 100-mg Tablets in a 6-Day Regimen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This open-ended study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect and the clinical tolerability of a 5-day treatment with terconazole 0.8% cream with that of 6 days with clotrimazole 100-mg vaginal tablets. 75 patients on terconazole and 73 subjects on clotrimazole were studied, all of whom had positive cultures on Nickerson's medium before treatment. Subjective symptoms and objective signs of vaginal candidosis and mycological findings were evaluated 1 and 4 weeks after completion of therapy. Before treatment, 92% of the patients in each treatment group had been suffering from pruritus, 77% from burning/irritation, and 96% from vaginal discharge. 1 week after completion of therapy, pruritus was present in 25%, burning/irritation in 23%, and vaginal discharge in 32% of the cases on terconazole. In the clotrimazole group, 15% had pruritus, 16% burning/irritation and 28% vaginal discharge. 4 weeks after completion of therapy, 15% of the subjects on terconazole had pruritus, 13% burning/irritation, and 18% vaginal discharge; in the clotrimazole group, the corresponding percentages were 12, 13 and 23%. Mycological cure rates at 1 week were 83% in the terconazole group and 89% in the clotrimazole group. 4 weeks after completion of therapy, 13% of the mycologically cured terconazole patients and 22% of the mycologically cured clotrimazole patients were positive again. Local treatment with terconazole was well tolerated by all patients, while 3 on clotrimazole complained of burning and pruritus. Of the 69 pregnant women treated, the status of mother and child at delivery was evaluated in 67. No drug-related abnormalities were noted.
Nonlinear Monetary Policy Rules: Some New Evidence for the U.S.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper derives optimal monetary policy rules in setups where certainty equivalence does not hold because either central bank preferences are not quadratic, and/or the aggregate supply relation is nonlinear. Analytical results show that these features lead to sign and size asymmetries, and nonlinearities in the policy rule. Reduced-form estimates indicate that US monetary policy can be characterized by a nonlinear policy rule after 1983, but not before 1979. This finding is consistent with the view that the Fed's inflation preferences during the Volcker-Greenspan regime differ considerably from the ones during the Burns-Miller regime.
stajichlab/AGF_Comparative: Dataset associated with AGF dating paper

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dataset archive for analysis of the divergence times of Neocallimastigomycota. Includes the scripts and configuration files needed to compute the analyses presented in the submitted manuscripts. Trinity derived protein sets from assembled RNAseq of 21 strains Phylogenetic analysis of phylogenomic identification of conserved proteins Divergence time estimation Protein domain annotation Analysis of identified Horizontal gene transfer candidates These data are used in Wang et al. (2018) doi: 10.1101/401869. The raw datasets are available through NCBI Bioproject PRJNA489922
IDDF2024-ABS-0201 Long-term safety profile of tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B patients; final 8-year results of 2 phase 3 studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

In 2 similarly designed double-blind (DB), randomized (2:1), Phase 3 studies (Study 108 in HBeAg-negative [N=425] and Study 110 in HBeAg-positive [N=873] patients), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) demonstrated non-inferior efficacy with superior renal and bone safety compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) at week 96. After completing DB treatment, all patients were eligible to receive open-label (OL) TAF through week 384 (year 8). Here, we present the final safety results at year 8.

Methods

In a pooled analysis, treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), discontinuations, and laboratory abnormalities were assessed in patients who received OL TAF. Changes from baseline in estimated GFR (by Cockcroft-Gault; eGFRCG) and changes in hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were assessed.

Results

Of 1298 randomized and treated patients, 1157 (89%; 775 TAF; 382 TDF) entered the OL phase. Overall, 974 (75%) participants completed OL study treatment. The overall incidence of patients experiencing AEs was similar among groups (IDDF2024-ABS-0201 Table 1). Rates of Grade 3/4 AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation (D/C) were low and similar among groups. Few Grade 3/4 AEs or SAEs were related to the study drug. Overall, the most common Grade 3/4 lab abnormalities (>2%) were increased amylase (TAF 1.9%, TDF-TAF 2.7%), creatine kinase (TAF 1.4%, TDF-TAF 2.1%), fasting cholesterol (TAF 1.4%, TDF-TAF 2.9%), fasting LDL (TAF 5.9%, TDF-TAF 8.0%), and urine glucose (TAF 5.2%, TDF-TAF 2.7%). After experiencing declines in eGFRCG and hip/spine BMD with TDF treatment in the DB phase, renal and bone outcomes improved following the switch to OL TAF with minimal change through year 8. Overall, low rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were observed over 8 years, with 11 cases occurring in the DB and 10 in the OL phases of the study.

Conclusions

Long-term TAF treatment was safe and well tolerated, with minimal changes in eGFRCG and BMD occurring over 8 years.
A Generalized Fisk-type HMF: Implications of Spatially Dependent Photospheric Differential Rotation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The existence of a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) has been debated ever since Fisk proposed an alternative to the traditional view of the HMF first proposed by Parker. Several modifications of the original Fisk field model have been published in the past, for example, the Schwadron field and the Fisk–Parker hybrid HMF model. This study presents a new generalized Fisk HMF model that implements for the first time a spatially dependent differential rotation rate of the photosphere, by mapping magnetic field lines from the solar wind source surface to the photosphere. Data analysis methods of Forsyth et al. are used to search for a signature of a Fisk-type field during solar minimum conditions, using the magnetic field data from the first solar orbit of the Ulysses spacecraft. The new generalized Fisk field agrees better with the observed magnetic field winding angle than a standard Parker field during the majority of intervals scanned by Ulysses.
The Conflict Between The constituent instrument of Intrnational Organization and The Security Council Resolutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, International Organizations play an important and effective role in implementing the decisions of the United Nations Security Council. In this way, the conflict between the constituent instrument of International Organizations and The Security Council Resolutions may arise. There are two approaches in this field. 1- The European Union approach, according to it The Internal law of International Organizations has priority on The United Nations Security Council Resolutions. 2- Priority of the Security Council Resolutions according to the article 103 of the Charter of United Nations. The authority, who wants to construe the priority, has an important role in applying one of the two approaches. The European Court of Justice has choosed the first approach in order to maintain its fundamental values against the Security Council resolutions that are in contrast with them and the United Nations practice shows the priority of the latter approach, according to it the Security Council resolutions are the integral part of the Charter's obligations.
Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death: ethics of implementation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Despite its potential to increase the donor pool, uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) is available in a limited number of countries. Ethical concerns may preclude the expansion of this program. This article addresses the ethical concerns that arise in the implementation of uDCD. Recent findings The first ethical concern is that associated with the determination of an irreversible cardiac arrest. Professionals must strictly adhere to local protocols and international standards on advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation, independent of their participation in an uDCD program. Cardiac compression and mechanical ventilation are extended beyond futility during the transportation of potential uDCD donors to the hospital with the sole purpose of preserving organs. Importantly, potential donors remain monitored while being transferred to the hospital, which allows the identification of any return of spontaneous circulation. Moreover, this procedure allows the determination of death to be undertaken in the hospital by an independent health care provider who reassesses that no other therapeutic interventions are indicated and observes a period of the complete absence of circulation and respiration. Extracorporeal-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation programs can successfully coexist with uDCD programs. The use of normothermic regional perfusion with ECMO devices for the in-situ preservation of organs is considered appropriate in a setting in which the brain is subject to profound and prolonged ischemic damage. Finally, communication with relatives must be transparent and accurate, and the information should be provided respecting the time imposed by the family's needs and emotions. Summary uDCD can help increase the availability of organs for transplantation while giving more patients the opportunity to donate organs after death. The procedures should be designed to confront the ethical challenges that this practice poses and respect the values of all those involved.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on endothelial [Ca2+]i and microvessel permeability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the mechanism whereby nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways regulate microvessel permeability in vivo, we measured changes in microvessel hydraulic conductivity (Lp) and endothelial cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to calcium ionophore, ionomycin (5 microM), and ATP (10 microM) before and after the use of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors in single perfused frog mesenteric venular microvessels. Ionomycin induced a transient increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i and an associated increase in Lp. The NOS inhibitors N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 and 300 microM) and N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 10, 50, and 100 microM) significantly attenuated the peak increase in Lp induced by ionomycin. A similar inhibitory effect was also observed with the increase in Lp mediated by ATP. In contrast, D-NMMA, a biologically inactive isomer of L-NMMA, showed no effect on ionomycin-induced increase in Lp L-Arginine (3 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMMA (10 microM) on Lp. However, the NOS inhibitors did not alter the magnitude and time course of the biphasic increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i induced by both ionomycin and ATP. These data suggest that 1) calcium-dependent NO release is a necessary step to increase microvessel permeability, and 2) the action of NOS inhibitors in attenuating the permeability increase in response to ionomycin and ATP occurs down-stream from calcium entry and does not involve modification of the initial increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i.
Government Borrowing and Money Supply

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Inquiry into the links between government borrowing and money supply boils down to a discourse on definitions and measures of money supply. Indian economists use the terms ‘money’, ‘money supply’ and ‘money stock’ synonymously. Above literature on definition of money supply reflects intellectual discourses and dialogues among economists, which need concrete shapes in form of measures of money supply, because concrete measures of money supply are more useful than abstract concepts for the purposes of modelling and forecasting.