jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of aerodynamic processes in cyclone

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of numerical simulation of aerodynamic processes for mixing dust-air flow with a temperature of +2°C (from the pneumatic system of the non-metallic materials processing shop) with hot exhaust gases at a temperature of 120°C (from the furnace room of the limestone dust production shop). We have developed geometric models of a flow mixing unit and a pneumatic system cyclone. We also have determined the optimal ratio between dust-air and gas flow rates to ensure the reliability of cyclone operation and increase the cleaning efficiency to capture moist sticky coarse dust at negative outdoor temperatures.
BTS Speech: A Study of Deictic Usage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The title of this research is “BTS Speech: A Study of Deictic Usage in Deictic Expression”. In this research, the writer focuses on how the speaker uses deictic usage pronouns in speech. The speech BTS delivered at the famous UNICEF campaign in February 2018. The speech was about BTS going to tell young people around the world to love themselves with the #LoveYourself campaign. This study aims to identify and classify the types of analyzing the usage of deictic pronouns in BTS Speech. The data studied according to Levinson's (1983) understanding of the theory there are 2 types of deixis, namely: deictic usage and non-deictic usage. Deictic usage is divided into two, namely: Gestural usage and symbolic usage. The most common use of deixis pronouns is symbolic usage. Deixis can be interpreted as a pointer or pointing. The results of the study will show which utterances use deictic usage pronouns. The research will be presented with a qualitative descriptive research method. This research is expected that readers or students can understand the speaker's utterances by paying attention to the use of the pronoun deixis.
The Effect of Parity on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women:A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Several reports have shown a positive correlation between parity and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and a reduced hip fracture rate, although other studies have reported either no correlation between parity and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) or a negative correlation in postmenopausal women. Hence, a systematic review is needed to help clarify these discrepancies and determine the effect of parity on bone mineral density.
Objective: This study was designed to examine the effect of parity on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Methodology: A systematic review of 19 published studies reporting the effect of parity on bone mineral density of 27,434 nulliparous and parous post menopausal women was conducted and a narrative analysis was made. A total of 356 articles were initially browsed (205 from Pub MED/Medline, 61 from HINARI, and 90 from Google scholar). All English titles and abstracts were scanned to eliminate duplicates and to assess for relevance. Additional references were found through bibliographic searches of all retrieved articles. Studies were included if they (a) examined effect of parity on BMD (by absorptiometry or quantitative ultrasound), (b) included post menopausal women.
Result: Out of nineteen studies eight of them, 1 cohort, 1 case control, and four comparative cross sectional studies, with a combined total of 17,077 subjects concluded that parity positively influences bone mineral density. In contrast to the papers who reported positive effects, six studies; 1 retrospective record review, 1 case control, and 6 comparative cross sectional with a combined total of 7,410 subjects concluded that there is a negative effect of parity on bone mineral density in the post menopausal women. Five comparative cross sectional studies with a combined total of 2,947 women reported that there is no effect of parity on bone mineral density in post menopausal women.
Conclusion and recommendations: The majority of the studies supports a positive effect of parity on BMD in postmenopausal women (with a combined total of 17,077 subjects), while, six studies support a negative effect of parity on BMD (with a combined total of 7,410 subjects). Furthermore five studies (of 2,947 women) did not find any effect. Because most of the studies found were of generally lower level evidence it was difficult to make firm conclusions. Hence, further robust, well designed observational studies should be carried out to confirm these results. Ideally, any future studies would also take into account for the consistent measurement and standardization of DEXA/QUS sites and categorization of parities.
Dynamic Evaluation of Land Use Functions Based on Grey Relation Projection Method and Diagnosis of Its Obstacle Indicators:A Case Study of Guangzhou City

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Multifunctional land use is the objective requirement of land use efficiency improving and social and economic sustainable development. The evaluation of land use functions is a basic work for multifunctional land use. After discussing the classification of land use function, the paper established an evaluation index system based on three- dimensional sustainable development of economics, environment and socity, and then measured the state of land use functions in 1990, 2000 and 2010, as well as the change during the 20 years in Guangzhou by using the grey relation projection evaluation model with the indexes reflecting the state and change of land use function, such as realization rate, dynamic degree, standard deviation and dominance. Furthermore, the obstacle indicators of land use function were analyzed via obstacle degree model. The results show that: 1) The dynamic degree of total function was 14.1% and 15.6% during 1990- 2000 and 2000- 2010, which indicated that the total function had slowly improved. The standard deviations of single function and subfunction increased gradually, which denoted that the harmony of multifunction was weakening. With the decrease of the dominance, land use functions become more diversified. The function that changed the most was the environmental function during 1990- 2000 and the social function during 2000- 2010, which meant that the kernal function of the land use changed from the environment in the former period to the society in the latter period. 2) The change characteristics among functions are different. For the single function, the economic function and social function jumped from slowly improving to rapid promotion, while the environmental function falled from rapid promotion to slowly improving during 1990- 2000 and 2000- 2010.3) In the 10 subfunctions, agricultural production and resource supply continuously degenerated, environment purification firstly decreased and then increased, and other functions improved in different degree from 1990 to 2010, including economic development,transportation, ecological maintenance, provision of work, social security, living conditions and leisure culture. 4) As view from the index layer, factors which have impacts on the total function of land use were in dynamic changes, so were the categories and number of obstacle factors and the obstacle degree. The obstacle factors evolved from economic concerning type such as economic density to resources and environmental type, such as wastewater discharge intensity, per capita cultivated land, etc. Finally, the study indicates that the evaluation index system and model established in the paper is effective, and it enriches the research of multifunctional land use. The study provides the method and scientific basis for land use function evaluation and the decision support for multifunctional land use in the future in Guangzhou.
Hemodynamic Profile of the Cardiotonic Agent Pimobendan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pimobendan (UD-CCi 1 15 BS) is a potent positive inotropie agent with vasodilatory properties. This he-modynamie profile was demonstrated in conscious rabbits chronically instrumented with Doppler flow probes. Pimobendan (10. 30. 100. and 300 μg/kg i.v.) increased cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and mesenteric, renal, and hindquarter blood flow velocities, and decreased diastolic blood pressure. The positive inotropic effects of pimobendan and its effects on pre- and afterload were also shown in dogs with propranolol-induced depressed myocardial function. Pimobendan exhibited strong effects on stroke volume (up to 59%) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (up to –84'';). The substance increased left ventricular (LV) dp/dimax up to 150% and also had favorable effects on renal blood flow. Left ventricular function curves showed the usefulness of pimobendan in this acute heart failure model. Pimobendan is well absorbed and its duration of action is long. Positive inotropic effects of pimobendan were observed for 8–12 h after oral administration of 0.1–1 mg/kg to conscious dogs. It is concluded that pimobendan produces cardiovascular effects that may be useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure
Micromachined gas calibration sources based on nanometric depth microchannels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work a MEMS gas calibration source will be presented. For reliable and quantitative automatic measures over long periods of time, gas sensors and micro-analytical-systems require periodical calibrations. The authors developed an innovative solution based on a liquid reservoir and silicon micromachined nanochannels. To provide low emission rates of highly volatile substances (e.g. toluene) in the ng/min range, micro-channels have millimetric length, micrometric width and nanometric depth, with a typical cross-section of 0.5 μm2. Prototypal devices with different channel dimensions, shapes and numbers have been built and functionally characterized. Technological fabrication process flow and characterization results will be shown, and the results will be compared with commercially available permeation tubes.
Cytogenetic Studies on Radioresistant Cells Derived from Mouse Strain L Cells in Cell Culture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several variants have been obtained from mouse strain L cells in cell culture after repeated treatments with chemical and physical agents such as mitomycin C, 8-azaguanine, and ultraviolet irradiation (1). The radiosensitivity of L cells has been studied by Whitfield and Rixon (2), who observed that radioresistant derivatives could be obtained after a treatment with a single large dose of X-irradiation. On the other hand, Rhynas and Newcombe (3) have obtained some strains resistant to X-ray by repeated exposures of mass cultures of the original L cells. In the present investigation, by repeated y-irradiation of surviving cells on each sequential passage by a method similar to those reported previously (1), a pure line of resistant cells which differed distinctively in chromosome distribution from the original L cells was obtained. These resistant cells could provide a useful tool for genetic and biochemical studies of somatic mammalian cells in vitro, such as in studies of transformation of the type seen in microorganisms. Furthermore, comparison of various genetic characters of radioresistant cells with those of the original L cells could shed light on the nature of radiation effects on mammalian cells. The present paper describes the isolation from the original L cells of cells resistant to -y-rays, and the cytogenetic characters of these resistant cells.
MAPS: A Comprehensive Feature Model for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis With Multiparametric MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer killed over 33000 North American men in 2013. However, the survival outlook for prostate cancer is very good if it is caught early. Prostate cancer screening is therefore very important. Although many methods are currently used to screen for prostate cancer, the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is increasing in clinical practice and has been shown to have some power in differentiating between healthy and cancerous tissue. This thesis presents a comprehensive feature model for performing prostate cancer diagnosis using mpMRI. It incorporates a novel tumour candidate identification algorithm to efficiently and thoroughly identify regions of concern and a feature model to grade these regions for severity. Unlike conventional automated classification schemes, this feature model aims to ground its decisions in a way that can be interpreted and understood by the diagnostician. It does this by grouping features into high-level feature categories which are already used by radiologists to diagnose prostate cancer: Morphology, Asymmetry, Physiology, and Size (MAPS), using biomarkers inspired by the PI-RADS guidelines for performing structured reporting on prostate MRI. To the author's best knowledge, the proposed feature model is the first using morphology and asymmetry features for prostate cancer detection. \n \nClinical mpMRI data were collected from thirteen men with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer and labeled by an expert radiologist with thirteen years of experience diagnosing prostate MRI. These annotated data were used to train classifiers using the proposed feature model in order to evaluate classification performance. Training was performed using cross-validation in order to avoid overlearning the training set. Experimental results indicated that the proposed model outperformed each of its constituent feature groups as well as a comparable state of the art feature model. \n \nFurther work on the MAPS feature model is still warranted. Although the initial results are promising, more data are needed to refine the feature model and discard those features with no predictive power. Additional features should be investigated for inclusion in the model, so that the existing features may be conditioned on the prostate region to reflect the different characteristics between, for instance, the peripheral and the transition zones. Finally, user experience and user acceptance studies would help investigate the degree of cognitive support to diagnosticians that the MAPS model provides.
Adenovirus-mediated transfer of wild-type p53 gene results in apoptosis or growth arrest in human cultured gastric carcinoma cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We examined the susceptibility of six human gastric carcinoma cell lines to infection with recombinant p53 adenovirus vector (AxCA-p53). AxCA-p53 infection at a muliplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 resulted in apoptotic cell death (MKN-1 cells), growth arrest (MKN-45, MKN-74 and KATO-III cells), or non-effectiveness (TMK-1 and OCUM-2M cells). Western blot analysis revealed increasing expression levels of p21/WAF1 protein after infection with AxCA-p53 in all the cell lines. After infection with AxCA-p53, the expression levels of bax or bcl-XL protein changed in MKN-1, but not in the other cell lines. These results suggest that the apoptotic pathway (dependence on the expressions of bcl-2 family proteins) dominates the growth arrest pathway (dependence on the expressions of p21/WAF1 protein) after infection with AxCA-p53. Thus, the bcl-2 family might play a crucial role in p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells.
Tissue Stress and Tumor Promotion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneous carcinomas often arise in patients with severe epidermolysis bullosa (or other cutaneous ulcers) at multiple primary sites. Chronic tissue stress thus appears to promote carcinogenesis in preexisting somatic mutants in a stem cell population. Altered contractile properties of fibroblasts cultured from skin with epidermolysis bullosa may result from an altered interaction of these cells with their surrounding, chronically stressed, connective tissue matrix.
The great Edwardian gardens of Harold Peto: from the archives of Country life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Harold Peto (1854-1933) was one of the great landscape designers of the Edwardian era. A great exponent of the ultra-romantic Italianate style so fashionable in the first two decades of the twentieth century, he was also influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement. Much admired by both Gertrude Jekyll and Edwin Lutyens, he was recognised as one of the most successful garden designers of his generation, building up a formidable reputation for his work both in England and the South of France. Garden historian Robin Whalley's illuminating commentary is brought to life by 200 dazzling photographs from the Country Life archive, showing many of Peto's gardens in their heyday. Among those featured are: Iford Manor, Peto's own house and garden; Easton Lodge, the garden of Daisy, Countess of Warwick, with its pergola, water garden and Japanese tea house; West Dean, which boasts a 300-foot pergola; and Ilnacullin in Eire, one of his best-known gardens. This latest volume in the acclaimed Country Life series is of great appeal to garden historians, designers and amateur enthusiasts alike.
Wireless communication system with frequency selective channel OFDM modulation technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>This paper introduces the design and implementation of a wireless communication system with MATLAB based on orthognal frequency division multiplexing technique (OFDM). The constructed system is consisting of transmitter, fading channel and receiver. At the transmitter, the transmitted signal first modulated with PSK modulation, and then multiplexed with OFDM technique to achieve a higher bit rates transmission. The signal was then transmitted through a frequency selective channel with 6 taps. In the receiver parity. The received faded signal processed to be de-multiplexed and de-modulated. Then, a frequency domain equalizer was adopted to remove the fading noise and the inter-symbol interference from the received signal that introduced due to the fading channel. In order to inspect the performance of the frequency equilizer, bit error rate for the overall system was calculated at the receiving point and to recover the original information signal. The simulation results of the designed system as well as the frequency equilizer showed a robustness against the frequency selective faded channel effects. The maximum obtained bit error rate was around 10-5, which means that original signal was effectively recovered.</p>
Modeling and signal processing for the nonlinear thin film recording channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The implementation of high-density partial response channels in disk drives has been hampered by nonlinear interactions between transitions occurring in the write process. The degree of nonlinearity is not characterized by the density relative to the isolated transition pulsewidth, but rather by the transition spacing in relation to the transition width. For this reason the authors ignore the read process entirely and focus on the written magnetization, or write channel output. The origins of the nonlinearities are discussed. A simple generalization of the linear superposition model which is valid at higher densities is introduced. The Euclidean distance of suspected minimum distance paths is plotted versus density to estimate the performance roll-off of the nonlinear channel when maximum likelihood sequence detection is used.< >
Clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea in children with obesity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The children with obesity and OSA have the main daytime symptoms of inattention, somnolence, and morning fatigue and the main nocturnal symptoms of snoring, mouth breathing, and sweating. There is no significant difference in sleep structure between OSA children with obesity and those with normal body weight; however, respiratory events and blood oxygen saturation decline are more severe in OSA children with obesity. Citation.
Educational benefits of ecolabelling whale watching tour experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The whale watching ecolabel is a certification giving assurance that tour operations are conducted in such a way as to minimize environmental impact, foster visitors’ appreciation of marine conservation, and enhance visitor enjoyment. Exploring educational benefits of whale watching ecolabelling tour experience is therefore important to policy makers. This paper investigates the differences in environmental knowledge, awareness, attitudes and behavioral intentions between tourists after ecolabelling and nonecolabelling travel experience. Results reveal that ecolabelling tour experience had a significant impact on tourist’s site-based knowledge, marine conservation awareness, and environmental behavioral intentions. However, the results do not show significant differences in environmental attitudes and visitor enjoyment. This study highlights the need for implementing ecolabelling, increasing public awareness of the ecolabelled tours and providing economic incentives for tour operators to engage in ecolabelling.
Deep Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dentate Nucleus to Facilitate Standing Balance in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Cerebrovascular accidents are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. We hypothesized that cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of the dentate nuclei and the lower-limb representations in the cerebellum can improve standing balance functional reach in chronic (&gt; 6 months&rsquo; post-stroke) stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) based subject-specific electric field was computed across 10 stroke survivors and one healthy MRI template to find an optimal bipolar bilateral ctDCS montage to target dentate nuclei and lower-limb representations (lobules VII-IX). Then, in a repeated-measure crossover study on 5 stroke survivors, we compared 15minutes of 2mA ctDCS based on the effects on successful functional reach(%) during standing balance task. Three-way ANOVA investigated the factors of interest&ndash; brain regions, montages, stroke participants, and their interactions.Results: &ldquo;One-size-fits-all&rdquo; ctDCS montage for the clinical study was found to be bipolar PO9h &ndash; PO10h for dentate nuclei and bipolar Exx7&ndash;Exx8 for lobules VII-IX with contalesional anode. Bipolar PO9h&ndash;PO10h ctDCS performed significantly (alpha=0.05) better in facilitating successful functional reach (%) when compared to bipolar Exx7&ndash;Exx8 ctDCS. Furthermore, a linear relationship between successful functional reach (%) and electric field strength was found where bipolar PO9h&ndash;PO10h montage resulted in a significantly (alpha=0.05) higher electric field strength when compared to bipolar Exx7&ndash;Exx8 montage for the same 2mA current. Conclusion: We presented a rational neuroimaging based approach to optimize deep ctDCS of the dentate nuclei and lower limb representations in the cerebellum for post-stroke balance rehabilitation.