jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically Catalyzed N–N Coupling and Ring Cleavage Reaction of 1H-Pyrazoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The electrocatalyzed N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of 3-methyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-, 3-methyl-5-phenyl- and 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole was investigated and led to the electro-organic synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. The results revealed that electrochemically produced 1H-pyrazoleox plays the role of acceptor in a reaction with the starting molecule via a N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of pyrazoles. The proposed reaction sequence consists of anodic oxidation, dimerization, rearrangement and reduction. The electrochemically catalyzed reactions were accomplished under constant-current and constant-potential conditions using an undivided electrochemical cell with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, remarkable yields and environmental compatibility.
Transposon dynamics in the emerging oilseed crop Thlaspi arvense

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This repository contains data related to this study. The raw genomic data used in this study proceeds from 3 different studies: Nunn et al. Plant Biotechnol J. (2021) Chromosome-level Thlaspi arvense genome provides new tools for translational research and for a newly domesticated cash cover crop of the cooler climates. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13775 Y. Geng et al. BMC Biol. (2021) Genomic Analysis of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi Arvense) Provides Insights into Mechanisms of Adaptation to High Elevation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-01079-0 D. Galanti et al. PLoS Genet. (2022) Genetic and environmental drivers of large-scale epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.16.484610 Transposon insertion polymorphisms (TIPS) were detected using SPLITREADER (https://github.com/LeanQ/SPLITREADER) and the initial calls were curated following the steps described in P. Baduel et al. (2021). Efficient Detection of Transposable Element Insertion Polymorphisms Between Genomes Using Short-Read Sequencing Data. J. Cho. Plant Transposable Elements: Methods and Protocols. Springer US. (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-0716-1134-0). We also screen the samples searching for transposon absence polymorphisms (TAPS) using a custom pipeline deposited at https://github.com/weigelworld/popTAP. All TE polymorphisms were detected using as reference genome published by A. Nunn et al. (2021). Chromosome-level Thlaspi arvense genome provides new tools for translational research and for a newly domesticated cash cover crop of the cooler climates. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34990041/).
Comparison between pinhole and parallel hole collimators for motion corrected SPECT in 99mTc-DMSA studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2029 Objectives Pinhole SPECT (PHS) previously proved better quality than parallel hole SPECT in 99mTc-DMSA studies. However, motions, frequent with children, hamper the reconstructed images quality. Compared to parallel hole SPECT, motion correction is particularly challenging in PHS, due the pinhole magnification that is strongly spatially dependent. We investigated whether, after motion correction, the advantage of pinhole SPECT would still remain. Methods Six hours after a weight-dependant injection of 99mTc-DMSA, two 22min-SPECT were performed in 25 patients (mean: 5.4 y) suspected for acute pyelonephritis. A motion correction was applied on each data: for both SPECT, the acquired projections were shifted to match as well as possible the re-projections of a first reconstruction of a projection subset free of motion. Both SPECT were reconstructed using OSEM, including, for PHS only, geometric correction and adaptive filters. Both SPECT studies were visually compared side-by-side on the same screen. Criteria were the blurring of the contours, the cortex/cavity contrast and the depth and volume of the cortical defects. Results Compared to parallel hole SPECT, PHS displayed a better, a similar and a lower quality of imaging in 13, 6 and 6 patients, respectively. A significant relation was observed with the registered counts for PHS: a large number of counts (i.e. above 150.000) was associated with a greater occurrence to be superior to parallel hole SPECT, and a similar quality was observed in a zone between 110.000 and 150.000 registered counts. The registered counts depended on the injected dose, on the body attenuation and on the kidney-pinhole distance. The PHS superiority was thus clearer for children with age between 2 and 18 years. Conclusions The difficulty to correct for motion in PHS doesn’t preclude the superiority of this method versus parallel hole SPECT for children. In adults, both techniques seem equal, probably due to the higher kidney-pinhole distance.
Eruptive vellus hair cysts in identical triplets with dermoscopic findings.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eruptive vellus hair cysts (EVHCs) are asymptomatic, follicular, flesh-colored to hyperpigmented papules that are typically located on the chest and extremities with an unclear inheritance pattern and pathogenesis. We report a case of EVHCs in 4-year-old identical triplet girls. Our aim is to present another rare case of autosomal-dominant inheritance of EVHCs and to emphasize the utility of dermoscopy as a diagnostic aid for EVHCs that may be misdiagnosed clinically.
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the structure and properties of cast polycrystalline gas-turbine blades made of nickel superalloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A concept of a two-stage hot isostatic pressing (HIP) cycle is developed for castings made of nickel superalloys in order to minimize plastic deformation and the recrystallization ability of their structure. At the first stage of the cycle, diffusion pore dissolution is predominant due to the motion of vacancies toward grain boundaries in a polycrystal; at the second stage, retained coarse pores are filled during plastic deformation. The effect of uniform compression pressure during HIP and microstructure defects on the vacancy diffusion in nickel superalloys is estimated. A two-stage HIP regime is developed for processing of cast gas-turbine engine blades made of a ZhS6U alloy in order to substantially decrease the shrinkage porosity and to increase the high-temperature characteristics, including the creep and fatigue resistance.
Protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) in cardiac care--A proposal to conduct a study into the effects of hyperbaric pre-conditioning in elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We review and report on accumulated data showing the benefits offered by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy as an adjunct in the treatment of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. It has been shown that ischemia-reperfusion injury is deleterious to the myocardium, causing left ventricular dysfunction, structural damage to the myocytes and endothelial cells, myocardial stunning, reperfusion arrhythmias and potentially irreversible injury. There is a substantial body of evidence pointing to the role of HBO2 in mitigating the harmful effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Specifically, we review evidence from a number of studies which clearly point to both clinical and cost benefits HBO2 offers when used to precondition non-emergent patients having on-pump coronary arterial bypass graft surgery. Study data show that adding adjunctive HBO2 into the plan of care leads to improved myocardial function, reduces length of stay in the ICU, and limits post-surgical complications. Further, it has only minimal impact on the presurgical preparation, i.e., time must be allowed for the hyperbaric treatment(s), and no role in the surgery or post-surgical care of the patient. The studies pointing to clinical and cost benefit of preconditioning have been conducted outside the United States. Given the pressure on costs in all areas of health care, it seems that a therapeutic approach, which has been shown to be of benefit in both animal and human trials over the course of many years, should attract funding for a properly structured study designed to test whether significant and simultaneous improvements in clinical outcomes and cost reductions can be achieved within the framework of a U.S. healthcare facility.
Data from Immunomarker Support Vector Machine Classifier for Prediction of Gastric Cancer Survival and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Benefit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Current tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system cannot provide adequate information for prediction of prognosis and chemotherapeutic benefits. We constructed a classifier to predict prognosis and identify a subset of patients who can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We detected expression of 15 immunohistochemistry (IHC) features in tumors from 251 gastric cancer (GC) patients and evaluated the association of their expression level with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Then, integrating multiple clinicopathologic features and IHC features, we used support vector machine (SVM)–based methods to develop a prognostic classifier (GC-SVM classifier) with features. Further validation of the GC-SVM classifier was performed in two validation cohorts of 535 patients.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The GC-SVM classifier integrated patient sex, carcinoembryonic antigen, lymph node metastasis, and the protein expression level of eight features, including CD3<sub>invasive margin (IM)</sub>, CD3<sub>center of tumor (CT)</sub>, CD8<sub>IM</sub>, CD45RO<sub>CT</sub>, CD57<sub>IM</sub>, CD66b<sub>IM</sub>, CD68<sub>CT</sub>, and CD34. Significant differences were found between the high- and low-GC-SVM patients in 5-year OS and DFS in training and validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis revealed that the GC-SVM classifier was an independent prognostic factor. The classifier had higher predictive accuracy for OS and DFS than TNM stage and can complement the prognostic value of the TNM staging system. Further analysis revealed that stage II and III GC patients with high-GC-SVM were likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The newly developed GC-SVM classifier was a powerful predictor of OS and DFS. Moreover, the GC-SVM classifier could predict which patients with stage II and III GC benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5574–84. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Optimal trajectory determination and tracking of an autoclave curing process: A model based approach

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work deals with a model-based approach to nonlinear (NL) parabolic distributed parameter system control. We address two problems in the optimization and control of the autoclave lay-up curing process as presented in [11]. The first is to find the best process trajectory corresponding to the shortest possible operating time. The second is to determine the process control required to track the optimized trajectory within the constraints of the system. In previous work, a simulation based approach was used called local criteria optimization (LCO) [10]. Here the former problem is stated as a constrained optimization problem. A predictive type approach with a penalty method is solved by the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. For the tracking problem, the well-known Internal Model Control (IMC) structure is used for the predictive control strategy. Finally, we show that a time-varying linear model around the optimal profile can be used for the on-line optimization like in [4].
Generation of spheroids from human primary myofibroblasts: an experimental system to study myofibroblasts deactivation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fibroblasts represent a heterogeneous cell population, that in adult body maintains the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and can acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype. Indeed, activated fibroblasts produce large amounts of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and proinflammatory cytokines (1). The activation of fibroblasts is represented by their differentiation into myofibroblasts. This process, either in wound healing or cancer tissue, is associated with the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), increased levels of growth factors and ECM-degrading proteases (2). Moreover, myofibroblasts form clusters in wound healing process and hypertrophic scars. In particular, cell clusters of hypertrophic scars are represented by nodules of myofibroblasts (3). It is known that human dermal fibroblasts established from neonatal foreskin, and forced in vitro to form clusters named spheroids, are activated to produce massive amounts of COX-2, prostaglandins and proinflammatory cytokines: this process leads to a programmed necrosis, designated “nemosis” (1). In the present study we generated spheroids from human primary myofibroblasts of skin, to evaluate necrotic, inflammation and activation markers during myofibroblasts clustering. Western blotting analysis, showing low levels of COX-2 and a significant decrease of alpha-SMA in protein extracts of spheroids, led to hypothesize that myofibroblasts have undergone a deactivation process within spheroids. This hypothesis is confirmed by cytostatic effect exerted by spheroids conditioned medium on both normal and cancer cell lines, by confocal immunofluorescence analysis of connexin 43 and immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferation marker Ki-67. This work could represent an experimental model to study myofibroblasts deactivation and highlights an alternative process regulating the turnover of myofibroblasts.
Three Models of Empathy Within Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and the Formation of Non-Verbal, Idiosyncratic Empathic Interventions in the treatment of Disorders of the Self

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article examines the development of non-verbal, idiosyncratic empathic interventions in the treatment of self-disordered patients. The works of John Rosen, Heinz Kohut and Robert Langs are presented as contributing key elements to these interventions and a synthesis of these approaches is undertaken. The phenomenological perspective of self-psychology provides the theoretical foundation of this synthesis. Clinical examples are then used to explicate the technical execution and practice implications of such interventions.
[Effects of individual factors and labor organization on neck pain in auto assembler].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the influence of individual factors and labor organization on the prevalence of neck pain (hereinafter referred to as neck pain) in automotive assemblers, and to provide a basis for enterprises to optimize neck pain interventions. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was taken in January 2021, at an automobile manufacturing plant in Shiyan, 656 assemblers with ≥1.0 years of service were selected, the "Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire" was used to investigate the incidence and influencing factors of neck pain. Pearson χ(2) test or trend χ(2) test was used to compare the data rates. The influencing factors of neck pain were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence rate of neck pain (hereinafter referred to as the prevalence rate of neck pain) of automobile assemblers within one year was 53.94% (342/634) . The prevalence of neck pain in women was higher than that in men (69.1% vs 48.6%, P<0.01) . The prevalence of neck pain was related to length of service, self-assessment of fatigue, working hours per week, working in the same workshop, rest days per shift, and accumulated rest time per shift (P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of neck pain in women was 2.434 times higher than that in men; The risk of neck pain increased by 18.9% for each hour of work per week; Rest during work was a protective factor for neck pain. The number of rest per shift increased and the risk of neck pain decreased (r=0.405, 0.311, 0.302, 95%CI=0.205~0.803, 0.169~0.572, 0.142~0.642, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The annual prevalence of neck pain was higher in automobile assemblers. Enterprises should fully consider the influencing factors such as gender, working hours per week and the number of breaks when arranging production.
Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrate Dissociation in the Presence of Liquid Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Of the major components found in lean sour natural gas (CH4, H2S, CO2, H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) readily forms the one of the highest temperature hydrates in the presence of water (structure I). Thus, when heating wellheads, flowlines, processing and injection facilities, the H2S hydrate formation conditions dictate the design for flow assurance purposes. Due to the high toxicity of H2S, there is a paucity of hydrate formation/dissociation condition data in the literature, especially in the liquid H2S region. In fact, there are only four previous experimental decomposition measurements reported in the literature for liquid H2S. In this work, we report the dissociation of pure H2S hydrate in the presence of water for p = 0.360 to 16.343 MPa and T = 285.23 to 304.04 K. These measurements were carried out in a 25 cm3 stirred autoclave cell, where both the Lw–H–H2S(g) and Lw–H–H2S(l) phase boundaries were autonomously measured by using the phase boundary dissociation method. These new measurements augment our previously reported data, which were below the vapor pressure of H2S. The results obtained were used to fit a semiempirical Clausius–Clapeyron equation for the rapid calculation of H2S hydrate formation conditions. Also, the results were thermodynamically modeled using the reference quality reduced Helmholtz energy equations of state and the van der Waals and Platteeuw model for fluid and hydrate phases, respectively. Finally, the results obtained from the model were compared to available literature where the uncertainty in temperature was found to be within an average ±0.2 K.
Adverse drug reactions to protease inhibitors.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Protease inhibitors are drugs that are commonly used in the therapy of people living with HIV infection. These drugs are commonly used in combination and act by inhibiting viral protease, blocking viral replication. Adverse drug reactions to protease inhibitors include gastrointestinal problems, rash and metabolic disturbances. The metabolic derangements associated with protease inhibitor therapy are the most problematic adverse events associated with therapy, and vary in incidence from drug to drug. These derangements include hyperlipidemia, abnormal fat distribution (lipodystrophy) and impaired glucose tolerance, which is believed to be due to peripheral insulin resistance. Clinicians caring for patients being treated with protease inhibitors must be vigilant for adverse events, notably those involving altered lipid and glucose metabolism.
Dorsiflexion Specific Ankle Robotics to Enhance Motor Learning After Stroke: A Preliminary Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Robotics has emerged as a promising avenue for gait retraining of persons with chronic hemiparetic gait and footdrop, yet there is a gap regarding the biomechanical adaptations that occur with locomotor learning. We developed an ankle exoskeleton (AMBLE) enabling dorsiflexion assist-as-needed across gait cycle sub-events to train and study the biomechanics of motor learning stroke. This single-armed, non-controlled study investigates effects of nine hours (9 weeks x 2 sessions/week) locomotor task-specific ankle robotics training on gait biomechanics and functional mobility in persons with chronic hemiparetic gait and foot drop. Subjects include N = 16 participants (8 male, 8 female) age 53 ± 12 years with mean 11 ± 8 years since stroke. All baseline and post-training outcomes including optical motion capture for 3-D gait biomechanics are conducted during unassisted (no robot) over-ground walking conditions. Findings: Robotics training with AMBLE produced significant kinematic improvements in ankle peak dorsiflexion angular velocity (°/s, + 44 [49%], p < 0.05), heel-first foot strikes (%steps, + 14 [15%], p < 0.01) toe-off angle (°, + 83[162%], p < 0.05), and paretic knee flexion (°, + 20 [30%], p < 0.05). Improvements in gait temporal-spatial parameters include increased paretic step length (cm, + 12 [20%], p < 0.05), reduced paretic swing duration (%GC, -3[6%], p < 0.05), and trend toward improved step length symmetry (-16 [11%], p = 0.08). Functional improvements include 10-meter comfortable (m/s, + 13 [16%], p < 0.01) and fastest (m/s, + 13 [15%], p < 0.01) walking velocities, 6-minute timed walk distance (m, + 16 [19%], p < 0.01) and Dynamic Gait Index scores (+ 15 [15%], p < 0.01). Subjects’ perceived improvements surpassed the minimal clinically important difference on the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) mobility subscale (+ 11 [19%], p < 0.05). Conclusions AMBLE training improves paretic ankle neuromotor control, paretic knee flexion, and gait temporal-distance parameters during unassisted over-ground walking in persons with chronic stroke and foot drop. This locomotor learning indexed by an increase in volitional autonomous (non-robotic) control of paretic ankle across training translated to improvements in functional mobility outcomes. Larger randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the effectiveness of task-specific ankle robotics, and precise training characteristics to durably improve gait, balance, and home and community-based functional mobility for persons with hemiparetic gait and foot drop. Clinical trial identifier: NCT04594837.
Electromagnetic analysis on magnetic field and current distribution in high temperature superconducting thin tape in coil winding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High temperature superconducting (HTS) wires are high aspect ratio cross-section tapes. Therefore, the applications of HTS tapes lead to various problems such as AC loss, non-uniform current, and screening current. In practice, we must investigate the detail of current distribution in HTS tapes using the electromagnetic analysis technique dealing with high aspect ratio tape and nonlinearity of superconductor. We developed the numerical simulation code of electromagnetic field analysis in HTS tape using a finite element method (FEM) and fast multipole method (FMM).
Dental Enamel Caries (Early) Diagnosis and Mapping by Laser Raman Spectral Imaging

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A method for estimating the extent of tooth caries and providing imaging information based on Raman Spectral Imaging is suggested. This non-destructive optical method is able to characterize and differentiate between normal enamel tooth surface, and initial and advanced tooth caries. Images and corresponding spectra were acquired from various tooth sites, and it was demonstrated that normal, white opaque, brown discoloured, and pitted tooth surfaces all have different distinct spectral features which characterize the different degrees of dental caries. Spectral analysis allows for detection of early changes in the surfaces of carious teeth, and the associated mapping capability allows for morphological characterization. It was found that the emission at 960 cm-', which corresponds to PO stretching in the hydroxyapatite bond, is the most significant and can be used for diagnosis of caries. The emissions at 1070 cm-' and at 590 cm-' can also be applied, but are less accurate. The results suggest that this. technique may be further developed and applied for clinical diagnosis of initial and more advanced demineralization processes of the enamel tooth surfaces.