jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Random Number Generation for Mastery of Learning in Teaching Quantitative Research Courses via an E-Learning Method

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

E-Learning brings access to a powerful but often overlooked teaching tool: random number generation. Using random number generation, a practically infinite number of quantitative problem-solution sets can be created. In addition, within the e-learning context, in the spirit of the mastery of learning, it is possible to assign online quantitative homework with problems where students are required to get ‘X’ number of questions correct before moving onward to the next assignment. The website www.LearnViaWeb.com was created with the latter in mind, to assign online homework related to basic statistics for quantitative research. Students are required to get a problem type correct five times in a row before moving on to the next problem type. This article investigates lessons learned from the implementation of this new teaching pedagogy using an action-based research approach. One of the major findings was a shift in the focus of students from grades to ease of completion. This was seen through a significant number of complaints related to how to solve the online homework as opposed to the common focus on grades from students. This is in part a result of students being graded on timely completion and correct completion being required. Regardless, this attitude change and shift in focus of the students is in itself considered a major positive advance.
A Subset of Extreme Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Controllers Is Characterized by a Small HIV Blood Reservoir and a Weak T-Cell Activation Level

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus controllers (HICs) form a heterogeneous group of patients with regard to formal definitions, immunologic characteristics, and changes over time in viral load. Patients and Methods The HICs with undetectable viral load ([uHICs] ie, for whom a viral load had never been detected with routine assays; n = 52) were compared with 178 HICs with blips during the follow up (bHICs). Clinical characteristics, ultrasensitive HIV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) and HIV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loads, HIV1-Western blot profiles, and immune parameters were analyzed. Results Relative to bHICs, uHICs had significantly lower ultrasensitive plasma HIV-RNA loads (P &lt; .0001) and HIV-DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P = .0004), higher CD4+ T-cell count (P = .04) at enrollment, and lower T-cell activation levels. Between diagnosis and inclusion in the cohort, the CD4+ T-cell count had not changed in uHICs but had significantly decreased in bHICs. Twenty-one percent of the uHICs lacked specific anti-HIV immunoglobulin G antibodies, and these individuals also had very low levels of HIV-DNA. Half of the uHICs had a protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele (-B57/58/B27), a weak CD8+ T-cell response, and very small HIV-DNA reservoir. Conclusions We suggest that an interesting HIC phenotype combines protective HLA alleles, low level of HIV blood reservoirs, and reduced immune activation. Prospective studies aimed at evaluating the benefit of combined antiretroviral therapy in HICs might take into account the identification of uHICs and bHICs.
Spontaneous platelet aggregation in patients with chronic heart failure with arterial hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Aim of study. To study spontaneous platelet aggregation in patients with arterial hypertension with different functional classes (FC) of CHF with preserved systolic function not taking antiplatelet therapy. Material and Methods 51 patients with AH with different types of CHF, mean age 55.4 ± 5.9 years, with preserved left ventricular systolic function according to ECHO-CS were studied. The patients were divided into 4 groups depending on FC of CHF: Group 1 - 0 FC of CHF (n = 11), Group 2 - 1 FC of CHF (n = 13), Group 3 - 2 FC of CHF (n = 14), and Group 4 - 3 FC of CHF (n = 13). Spontaneous platelet aggregation was determined on a KFK-2MP photoelectrocolorimeter (Russia). Results. During the study, the spontaneous platelet aggregation was 1.08 ± 0.31 in patients with CHF class 0 (1 gr), and 1.22 ± 0.25 in patients with CHF class 1, with no statistical difference in comparison with 1 gr (p = 0.233). In group 3 (2FC CHF), spontaneous platelet aggregation was 1.33 ± 0.27, with a statistically significant difference with spontaneous platelet aggregation in patients with type 0 (p = 0.042), but with group 2 (1FC CHF), no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.281). Spontaneous platelet aggregation in group 4 (3FC CHF) was 1,62 + 0,32, with statistically significant difference in comparison with all groups, so with group 1 - p &lt; 0,001, with group 2 - p = 0,016 and with group 3 - p = 0,017. Conclusion. Patients with arterial hypertension with preserved systolic function showed an increase in spontaneous platelet aggregation with increasing functional class of CHF, and the most significant increase in platelet aggregation was seen in patients with class 3 CHF.
High Performance FPGA Implementation of Floating Point Addition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Addition is the most frequent floating point operation in modern microprocessors. The design of floating point addition is relatively complex than other flotation point arithmetic operations. Due to its complex shift-add-shift-round data flow, floating point addition can have a long latency. This paper has shown an efficient implementation of addition module on a reconfigurable platform cyclone IV EP4CE15, which is both area as well as performance optimal. The proposed design has optimized the individual complex components of adder module (like dynamic shifter, leading one detector (LOD), priority encoder), to achieve the better overall implementation. Comparison with the best reported.
Saline therapy for burn shock; an experimental study of pH and secondary anion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Severely scalded rats were resuscitated by administration of isotonic saline solutions of varied pH (6.2 to 8.5) and secondary anion (acetate, bicarbonate, or lactate). Survival was directly related to the number of sodium ions infused but was unaffected by these alterations in pH or secondary anion.
The Reform of Agricultural Prices in the German Democratic Republic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The agricultural price reform that came into effect in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) at the beginning of 1984 resulted in a marked increase in the prices of agricultural products and inputs, which hitherto had only changed rarely, and then only by very small amounts. The increase in producer prices is also designed to compensate for the increase in agricultural expenditure resulting from the sharp rise in the prices of industrial inputs and energy. At the beginning of the 1980s there was a clear attempt to dismantle the privileges accorded to the agricultural sector in its dealings with industries supplying inputs. The consequence of the reform of agricultural producer prices has been the largest agricultural price increases in the history of the GDR. Judging from the level of agricultural sales and the new basic prices for standard qualities, the author estimates that subsidies in 1984 will be twice the 1982 total.
A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Pectin-Based Oral Multiparticulate Matrix Carrier of Carbamazepine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background. Carbamazepine is a drug used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. However, due to its erratic absorption, oral bioavailability is often poor. There is, therefore, the need to develop alternative formulations for carbamazepine with better pharmacokinetic characteristics. Aim. The aim of this study was to formulate an oral modified-release multiparticulate matrix of carbamazepine from cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin and evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of this formulation using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods. CPH pectin was extracted from cocoa pod husks with hot aqueous and citric acid solutions. Oral multiparticulate carbamazepine matrices were formulated from CPH pectin cross-linked with calcium. The formulation was evaluated for carbamazepine content and release profile in vitro. For in vivo pharmacokinetic profile estimation, rats were put into 4 groups of 5 animals each to receive carbamazepine multiparticulate matrix formulations A and B, carbamazepine powder, and Tegretol CR®. Animals in each group received 200 mg/kg of each drug via the oral route. Maximum plasma concentration C max , area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), elimination rate constant K e , and terminal half-life t 1 / 2 of the formulations were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. Results. The pectin extraction from fresh cocoa pod husks using hot aqueous and citric acid solutions gave pectin yields of 9.63% and 11.54%, respectively. The drug content of carbamazepine in CPH pectin formulations A and B was 95% and 96%, respectively. There was controlled and sustained release of carbamazepine for both formulations A and B in vitro. AUC0⟶36 (176.20 ± 7.97 µg.h/mL), C max (8.45 ± 0.71 μg/mL), T max (12 ± 1.28 h), and t 1 / 2 (13.75 ± 3.28 h) of formulation A showed a moderately enhanced and comparable pharmacokinetic profile to Tegretol CR® (AUC0⟶36: 155 ± 7.15 µg.h/mL, C max : 8.24 ± 0.45 μg/mL, T max : 8.0 ± 2.23 h, and t 1 / 2 : 13.51 ± 2.87 h). Conclusion. Findings from the study suggest that formulations of CPH pectin had the potential to control and maintain therapeutic concentrations of carbamazepine in circulation over a period of time in the rat model.
Exploration and practice of cultural quality education of students from Taiwan,Hongkong,Macao and Overseas Chinese under the guide of culture consciousness theory——The case study of Ji'nan University

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To improve the culture consciousness of students in universities,we should make the correct and independent cultural choice,innovation and transmission based clear awareness of global culture as well as ours.The model for cultural quality education of students from Taiwan,Hongkong,Macao and Overseas Chinese in Ji'nan University,which has its own features: on the base of the excellent traditional culture of Chinese nation,with the aim for highly-qualified talents with patriotism and multi-cultural deposits,by the ways of classroom teaching,campus culture and social practice.
Exogenous EBR on alleviating copper stress in tomato seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Through nutrient solution cultivating in greenhouse,the tomato cultivar,Gailiang Maofen 802F1,was selected as the plant material to investigate the effects of 2,4-EBR on anti-oxidizing enzyme system and growth under copper stress.The results show that the exogenous EBR could effectively improve the activities of anti-oxidizing enzyme systems(POD,SOD,CAT,APX) in leaves and root activity under the copper stress,while the MDA content is remarkably reduced.As an effect of a long period,the content of chlorophyll and plant weight are significantly increased.For mineral elements,excessive copper obviously enhances the copper uptake and transplant in tomato plant,while the exogenous EBR could remarkably reduce the copper content and increase the contents of Fe,Zn and Mn,which take the same electric charge and are competitive restrain with copper ion in transmembrane transport.The above phenomenon might help the nutrient balance and normal growth metabolism of tomato.In conclusion,the exogenous EBR could alleviate growth restrain of tomato seedlings through adjusting the activities of anti-oxidizing enzymes and ion homeostasis under the copper stress.
Nitrogen Availability from Cover Crops: Is It Always about the C:N Ratio?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The commonly accepted belief of crop and soil scientists and practitioners is that the tie‐up or release of N from cover crops is based largely on carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios (C:N). Recent research in Wisconsin and North Dakota challenge this long‐held belief. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/742 .
P052 Mental health predictors for shift work disorder in paramedics during their early career

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Shift work disorder (SWD) involves excessive sleepiness and/or insomnia and is associated with poor health outcomes in those affected. This study assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for SWD during the first six-months of paramedics’ careers. Furthermore, the study explored potential mediators in the relationship between mental health and SWD risk. Methods Recruit paramedics’ (n=101) SWD risk (SWD-Screening Questionnaire) was assessed at baseline (i.e., before shift work) and at six-months after engaging in shift work as a graduate paramedic. Logistic regression models assessed whether baseline depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and baseline anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7) predicted a high risk for SWD at six-months. Lavaan path analysis was used to assess whether shift and sleep variables, created from participants’ sleep and work diaries, mediated the relationship between mental health and SWD risk. Results After six-months of emergency work 21.5% of paramedics were high risk for SWD. Baseline depression predicted 1.28-times greater odds for SWD at six-months. Shift and sleep variables were not mediators in the relationship between baseline mental health and subsequent SWD risk. Baseline depression was independently associated with increased sleepiness levels following paramedics’ major sleep periods across all work conditions (nightshift, workdays, and non-workdays) at six-months. Depression levels before shift work also predicted a greater perceived workload on nightshifts. Conclusions Depression symptoms before starting shift work are a modifiable risk factor for SWD. Moreover, the first six-months of paramedics’ careers is a critical period for implementing preventative measures for SWD, including interventions to decrease depression symptoms.
Renormalized transport properties of randomly gapped two-dimensional Dirac fermions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the scaling properties of the recently acquired fermionic\nnon--linear $\\sigma$--model which controls gapless diffusive modes in a\ntwo--dimensional disordered system of Dirac electrons beyond charge neutrality.\nThe transport on large scales is governed by a novel renormalizable nonlocal\nfield theory. For zero mean random gap, it is characterized by the absence of a\ndynamic gap generation and a scale invariant diffusion coefficient. The $\\beta$\nfunction of the DC conductivity, computed for this model, is in perfect\nagreement with numerical results obtained previously.\n
Dopa-oxidase activity on ICRC bacilli.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Presence of O-phenoloxidase is regarded as M. leprae specific character. This enzyme activity was found to be present in ICRC bacilli, Strain C-44. Though this strain is cultivable 'in vitro', the expression of DOPA-Oxidase activity strongly suggests that it carries M. leprae genome. The ICRC bacilli, therefore, may thus from a group of M. leprae culture isolates, distinct from other known cultivable mycobacteria which do not possess this enzyme activity.
Introduction of two predators to control Dendrothrips minowai (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in tea (Camellia sinensis) plantations in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dendrothrips minowai Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the main pest thrips in tea (Camellia sinensis) plantations in Guizhou Province, damaging tea shoots and leaves. In this study, we tested the control of the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris Oudermans and the ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas against D. minowai in the laboratory and tea plantations in Guizhou, China. The results showed that D. minowai suppression by A. cucumeris was 29.0% at the predator to prey ratio of 1:10 and 45.3% at 1:5, and by H. axyridis it was 45.0% at the 1:10 ratio and 67.2% at 1:5 in the laboratory. After the introduction of these two predators in tea plantations, during the period of highest density of D. minowai (between May and August), the release of A. cucumeris and H. axyridis reduced D. minowai by 26.3 and 56.7% in 2015 and by 40.3 and 54.5% in 2016, respectively. Densities of A. cucumeris and H. axyridis per 100 tea leaves ranged from 50.3 to 137.5 for the mite and from 18.0 to 65.0 for the ladybird beetle. Thus, A. cucumeris and H. axyridis can be used as effective predators in controlling D. minowai in Chinese tea plantations.
A Bionic‐Homodimerization Strategy for Optimizing Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions: From Statistical Mechanics Theory to Potential Clinical Translation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Emerging protein–protein interaction (PPI) modulators have brought out exciting ability as therapeutics in human diseases, but its clinical translation has been greatly hampered by the limited affinity. Inspired by the homodimerize structure of antibody, the homodimerization contributes hugely to generating the optimized affinity is conjectured. Herein, a statistical‐mechanics‐theory‐guided method is established to quantize the affinity of ligands with different topologies through analyzing the change of enthalpy and the loss of translational and rotational entropies. A peptide modulator for p53‐MDM2 termed CPAP is used to homodimerize connecting, and this simple homodimerization can significantly increase the affinity. To realize the cellular internalization and tumor accumulation, Dimer CPAP and Mono CPAP are nanoengineered into gold(I)‐CPAP supermolecule by the aurophilic interaction‐driven self‐assembly. Nano‐ Dimer CPAP potently suppressed tumor growth in lung cancer allograft model and a patient‐derived xenograft model in more action than Nano‐ Mono CPAP, while keeping a favorable drug safety profile. This work not only presents a physico‐mechanical method for calculating the affinity of PPI modulators, but also provides a simple yet robust homodimerization strategy to optimize the affinity of PPI modulators.
A Canine c-kit Novel Mutation Isolated from a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Retains the Ability to Form Dimers but Lacks Autophosphorylation

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors that develop in the gastrointestinal tract; KIT mutations are present in both canine and human GISTs. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of 55 canine GIST cases, and mutation searches were performed for exons 8, 9, and 11. The results revealed novel mutations, A434T and F436S, in exon 8. In contrast to the A434T mutation without functional changes, the F436S mutant retained its dimerization ability, but lost its phosphorylation function and attenuated downstream Akt signaling, which is reflected in wound healing and migration activities. A comparison of the subcellular localization of WT KIT and the F436S mutant revealed no differences. In silico simulations indicated that the F436S mutation alters the structure of the near-membrane region and that its effects may extend to the transmembrane and intracellular domains compared to the WT. F436S is a point mutation that affects the entire molecule because co-mutation with the F436S mutation and the known autophosphorylation mutation reduces the autophosphorylation abilities.
Propositioning the Reader in Northanger Abbey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 4 argues that Fanny Knight appears in Northanger Abbey both as the reader and as that ideal heroine whom the narrator declines to write about. By presenting Fanny as the “picture of perfection” Catherine Morland is not, Austen’s narrator jokingly corrects Emma’s unflattering portraits of Fanny. Meanwhile, Northanger Abbey’s narrator presents herself to a Fanny-identified reader as the seductive, quixote-making author reviled in antinovel treatises. Not only does this narrator court the reader, as critics have sometimes noticed, but she undertakes to turn her reader into a quixote, just as her hero Henry Tilney does with Catherine Morland.
Where are the minimal mutants?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mutation test is a criterion for creating and evaluating test sets. It is recognized as a criterion capable of creating test sets with high effectiveness, that is, with high capacity to reveal defects in the software, when present. On the other hand, a serious problem for its practical use in the software industry is the large number of mutants that may be generated, even for simple programs. One of the approaches used to try to minimize this problem is to use a subset of mutants, trying not losing the quality of the test cases produced. In the past, selective mutation, based on some mutation operators was the mainstream approach to reduce the number of mutants. Currently, studies prefer to avoid certain types of mutants, analyzing the type of mutation and the context in which they are generate. This paper makes an initial analysis and proposes the idea that a "minimal set of mutants" may be associated with the structure of the program and then located in some specific place as, for instance, in the essential branches of its Control Flow Graph.
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Concussion, Development of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, and Emerging Diagnostics: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pathophysiological mechanisms and cascades take place after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) that can cause long-term sequelae, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy in patients with multiple concurrent TBIs. As diagnostic imaging has become more advanced, microanatomical changes present after mTBI may now be more readily visible. In this narrative review, the authors discuss emerging diagnostics and findings in mTBI through advanced imaging, electroencephalograms, neurophysiologic processes, Q2 biochemical markers, and clinical tissue tests in an effort to help osteopathic physicians to understand, diagnose, and manage the pathophysiology behind mTBI, which is increasingly prevalent in the United States.