jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stability of "Support-Surrounding Rock" System for Fully Mechanized Longwall Mining in Steeply Dipping Coal Seams

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The key to the safe and efficient longwall mining of steeply dipping seams lies in the stability control of the "support-surrounding rock" system. This paper analyzes the difficulty of controlling the stability of the support during the longwall mining process of steeply dipping coal seams in terms of the characteristics of the non-uniform filled-in gob using a combination of physical test, theoretical analysis and field measurements. Considering the floor as an elastic foundation, we built a "support-surrounding rock" mechanical model based on data obtained on "support-surrounding rock" systems in different regions and the laws of support motion under different load conditions. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, depending on the angle of the coal seam, the caving gangue will roll (slide) downward along the incline, resulting in the formation of a non-uniform filling zone in the deep gob in which the lower, middle, and upper sections are filled, half-filled, and empty, respectively. In addition, an inverted triangular hollow surface is formed on the floor of the gob in the middle and upper sections behind the support. Furthermore, as the angle of the coal seam, length of the working face, and mining height increase, the characteristics of the non-uniform filled-in gob are enhanced. Second, we found that, as a result of support by the gangue, the "support-surrounding rock" system is relatively stable in the lower part of the working face while, in the middle and upper sections of the working face, the contact method and loading characteristics of the support are more complicated, making stability control difficult. Third, the magnitude and direction of the load, action point, and mining height all affect the stability of the support to varying degrees, with the tangential load and action position of the roof load having the most significant impacts on the stability of the support. Under loading by the roof, rotation and subsidence of the support inevitably occur, with gradually increasing amplitude and effects on the inter-support and sliding forces. Finally, we found that it is advisable in the process of moving the support to adopt "sliding advance of support" measures and to apply a "down-up" removal order to ensure overall stability. These research results provide reference and guidance of significance to field practice production.
UAV Placement for Enhanced Connectivity in wireless Ad-hoc Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — In this paper we address the problem of providing full connectivity in large (wide area) ad hoc networks by placing advantaged nodes like UAVs (as relay nodes) in appropriate places. We provide a formulation where we can treat the connectivity problem as a clustering problem with a summation-form distortion function. We then adapt the Deterministic Annealing clustering algorithm to our formulation and using that we find the minimum number of UAVs required to provide connectivity and their locations. Furthermore, we describe enhancements that can be used to extend the basic connectivity problem to support notions of reliable connectivity that can lead to improved network performance. We establish the validity of our algorithm and compare its performance with optimal (exhaustive search) as well as non-opitmal (hard clustering) algorithms. We show that our algorithm is nearoptimal both for the basic connectivity problem as well as extended notions of connectivity.
Effects of intervertebral disc degeneration on segmental rotation and intradisc pressure of c4-c6 cervical spine using finite element analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The spinal segment C4-C6 of the cervical region is one of the most frequent site for injuries in spinal cord. Cervical degenerative disc disease develops due to loss of hydration in the intervertebral discs with increasing age. The spinal segment progresses to develop painful conditions due to high flexion and rotation movements in the upper extremity bones. The main aim of the study to analyse the effects of intervertebral disc degeneration on biomechanics of the cervical spine. The three dimensional computed tomography image was used and the finite element models of the cervical spine were developed with various levels of intervertebral disc degeneration at the C4-C6 functional spinal unit. The developed model is validated with the published data. The biomechanical effects of mild and moderate disc degeneration on the mechanical behaviour of cervical spine were studied using the developed Finite element models. The annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus material properties were varied to achieve moderate degeneration. The validated model is modified to various conditions with different mechanical properties and the effects intradisc pressure and progressive degeneration on the range of motion and on intradisc pressure. The analysis and the comparison is made between mild, moderate with normal human cervical spine in terms of progressive intervertebral disc degeneration. Based on this study the range of motion decreased with degeneration and the intra disc pressure increased with progressive degeneration.
[CHRONIC PANCREATITIS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: CLINICAL ASPECTS OF COMORBIDITY].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of concomitant chronic pancreatitis in patients with COPD brings in a certain deviation in the clinical characteristics of the disease: significantly more often as a trigger were acute respiratory viral infections, less pronounced seasonal nature of exacerbations, significantly increasing the number of exacerbations per year, a significant increase of dyspnea, cough and changes of sputum. Carrying out the integrated assessment of the impact of COPD on patient it has been observed that redistribution of main group patients into risk groups in the side of its aggravation.
THE USE OF ACTIGRAPHY REVISED: THE VALUE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE IN INSOMNIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the last years, actigraphy has been used more often for clinical research and research evaluation of sleep disorders. Compared to polysomnography, actigraphy is cheap and less time-consuming. Actigraphy provides more objective information about sleep than sleep logs. Although the algorithms to score sleep and wake based on motions measured by actigraphy are still being improved, we believe that the role of actigraphy in the clinical evaluation of sleep in insomnia is limited. Instead of using actigraphy to distinguish a wakeful state from sleep in insomnia, we might better use the activity plots which the actigraph provides to get more insight into the physiological hyperarousal or restfulness of insomnia patients.
Interrelation of Hadith and Javanese Culture in the Translation of Hadith Kasyf al-Liṡām fi Tarjamati Bulūgh al-Marām by KH. Misbah Mustafa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The presence of hadith translations in Indonesia shows the reading and understanding of the Prophet's hadith, as well as a concrete form of the meeting between the world of texts, namely hadith and the concrete world of readers. This meeting emphasizes the existence of a cultural process. This study aims to read the dialectic of hadith with local and social culture in the translation of the hadith Kasyf al-Liṡāmfi Tarjamati Bulugh al-Maram fi Tarjamati Bulugh al-Maram. This study is library research with an inductive method and with a historical-critical approach. The results of this study indicate that the interrelation between hadith and culture in the translation of the hadith Kasyf al-Liṡāmfi Tarjamati Bulugh al-Maram is explained through two patterns, namely adaptation and integration. The adaptation pattern is seen in the use of local language (Javanese) and socio-cultural (pesantren) which reflects respect for communication. The integration pattern is shown in the explanation of hadith material in the local Javanese context through the reconstruction of his life experiences in the surrounding community. Interrelation reflects the uniqueness of hadith translation in the archipelago as a depiction of the dynamic dialogue between Islamic teachings and local cultural diversity.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Rac Signaling Drives Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Tumor Growth by Priming the Tumor Microenvironment for an Angiogenic Switch

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 3. In vitro and In Vivo characterization of GYS32661. (A) Cellular proliferation assay of 786-O cells treated with vehicle, 2.5, and 5 ÃŽÂ¼M GYS32661. (B) Plasma and tumor concentrations of GYS32661 at 0.25, 1, 4, and 8 hour time points.</p>
The effect of industrial noise on owl occupancy in the boreal forest at multiple spatial scales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Noise in natural environments can mask important acoustic signals used for animal communication. Owls use vocal communication to attract mates and defend territories, and also rely on acoustic cues to locate their prey. Industrial noise has been shown to negatively affect owl hunting success and reduce foraging efficiency by affecting their ability to detect prey, but it is not known if this results in reduced habitat suitability for owls in areas near industrial noise sources. To determine if owls avoid areas surrounding industrial noise sources in northeastern Alberta and at what scale, we acoustically surveyed for owls at sites with chronic industrial noise, sites with intermittent traffic noise, and sites with no noise. We deployed autonomous recording units at multiple stations within each site to detect territorial individuals vocalizing. Detections of owls were extracted from the recordings using automated species recognition and analyzed using occupancy models at two spatial scales. Barred Owls (Strix varia), Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus), and Boreal Owls (Aegolius funereus) were equally likely to occupy both types of noisy sites compared to sites with no noise, indicating that site level occupancy (representing a home range scale) was unaffected by the presence of noise sources on the landscape. On a smaller scale, there was no decline in station level occupancy (representing use of the area surrounding recording stations) at stations with higher noise levels for either of the three owl species. Our study contributes to research on the effects of anthropogenic noise, but suggests the effect on owls is minimal, and unlikely to result in a population change.
Effect of Various Categories of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Kenya

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In Kenya, government expenditure has been changing tremendously in its composition and size. Noticeably, since Kenya’s independence, government expenditure has witnessed great expansion. However, the country has not achieved consistent economic growth for a long duration of time. Despite the increase in allocation of resources through increasing public spending, economic growth has not grown at the same rate. As such, economic growth did not consummate with the increase in allocation of resources through government expenditure. The study sought to determine the effect of education expenditure, defense expenditure, health expenditure and infrastructure expenditure on economic growth. It used an explanatory research design and secondary time-series data for the period between 1985 and 2018. Data on education expenditure, defense expenditure, health expenditure as well as infrastructure expenditure and economic growth was acquired from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The quantitative data was collected, edited and coded into Statistical software known as STATA version 14. Analysis of the quantitative data was based on descriptive as well as inferential statistics. Correlation analysis was employed to assess the strength of correlation between independent and dependent variables whereas regression analysis determined the weight of association between independent and dependent variables. Diagnostic test was performed to test for the regression model assumptions before carrying out regression analysis. The research focused on autocorrelation test, stationarity test, autocorrelation test, normality as well as heteroscedasticity test. The study revealed that education expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth in Kenya. The study found that defense expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth in Kenya. The results revealed that health expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth in Kenya. In addition, the study found that infrastructure expenditure had a positive effect on economic growth. The study concludes that government expenditure has a significant effect on economic growth in Kenya. The study policy implication of the study is that Kenyan government as well as policy makers should formulate policies and guidelines geared towards increasing education expenditure. This will help in ensuring adequacy in a trained, qualified and productive labor that is important in ensuring an improvement in economic growth. In addition, the government of Kenya should allocate at least 15 percent of their total expenditure to the healthcare so as to ensure a productive and healthy workforce. The government also needs to increase infrastructure funding as recommended by the World Bank to between 7 and 9 percent.
Induction of Mutants Resistant to Bacterial Blight in Rice.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To increase the genetic resources for resistance to bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv, oryzae in rice, we initiated a study to induce mutants with resistance to BB by chemical mutagen. Fertilized eggs of a susceptible cultivar, IR24 to Philippine BB races were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) at the singie-cell stage of embryogenesis. The panicles of F1 plants were bagged before flowering to avoid any outcrossing. M2 lines, derived from each M1 plant, were inoculated with a Philippine BB race 5 (isolate PXO 112) at the seedling stage. As a result, out of 2, 739 M2 lines tested, two resistant mutant lines were found and they were designated XM5 and XM6. M3 progenies derived from M2 plants in both mutant lines were tested for segregation for resistance. The results suggested that resistance of these mutant lines was induced by the MNU treatment. The mutation frequency of BB resistance was 7.30 × 10-4. (no. of resistant mutant lines/no. of tested M2 lines). Both of the mutant lines showed resistant to all six known Philippine BB races. We crossed these two resistant mutant lines with IR24 to clarify their inheritance of resistance. The reaction of F1 hybrids and F2 populations to BB races suggested that both mutant lines have single recessive genes for BB resistance.
Autoimmune hyperthyroidism associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Une observation chez un malade de 50 ans ayant recu une greffe de moelle; le donneur etait un frere, HLA-compatible. Le malade presente une reaction GVH aigue puis une maladie GVH chronique. 36 mois apres la greffe et 1 mois apres l'arret de l'azathioprine, une hyperthyroidie se manifeste (amaigrissement, tachycardie, exophtalmie, tremblement, faiblesse musculaire)
VIRUS DISEASES IN RELATION TO COMMERCIAL SEED POTATO PRODUCTION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Under a scheme, begun in 1927, and supported by a special grant from the Ministry of Agriculture since 1928, an attempt is being made to test the value of certain localities in North Wales for the production of seed potatoes. Evidence is produced to show that out of fifteen farms originally selected for this purpose, eight have maintained their stocks without increase of virus diseases, three have shown only a slight increase, whilst four have been discarded from the scheme. Replicated yield trials at the College Farm proved that seed mixed from these eleven farms was equal to Scotch “stock” seed, and the value of this Welsh seed was confirmed by trials in a number of Welsh counties in which it was tested against ordinary T.S. Scotch seed. Concurrently with this, a study has been made of the aphid population on the potato crops at these centres, which has led to the following conclusions: The absence of increase of virus diseases, and of leaf‐roll in particular, at the more successful centres is not due to the scarcity of aphides, nor to the absence of known vectors of the diseases, such as Myzus persicae. Neither can it be attributed to the non‐infective condition of the aphid vectors present at these centres since representative samples, taken from potato crops, transmitted leaf‐roll to healthy plants under glass. With one exception no transmission occurred with any of the species of aphides when taken from apparently healthy plants in a partially diseased crop. In samples taken from leaf‐roll plants transmission only occurred when they included Myzus persicae. The accumulated data suggest that the maintenance of health in potato stocks is influenced not merely by the relative abundance of aphides, but rather by the relation between the date of maximum infestation and the stage of maturity of the foliage. The more successful centres, each year, showed either a delayed maximum infestation and/or the foliage was cut down earlier than at the less successful centres. The relative movement of aphides within the crops at the different centres is certainly of importance, but this is conditioned by many factors which are still under investigation.
Decoupled Two-Phase Framework for Class-Incremental Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Class-Incremental Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition (CIFNER) aims to identify entity categories that have appeared with only a few newly added (novel) class examples. However, existing class-incremental methods typically introduce new parameters to adapt to new classes and treat all information equally, resulting in poor generalization. Meanwhile, few-shot methods necessitate samples for all observed classes, making them difficult to transfer into a class-incremental setting. Thus, a decoupled two-phase framework method for the CIFNER task is proposed to address the above issues. The whole task is converted to two separate tasks named Entity Span Detection (ESD) and Entity Class Discrimination (ECD) that leverage parameter-cloning and label-fusion to learn different levels of knowledge separately, such as class-generic knowledge and class-specific knowledge. Moreover, different variants, such as the Conditional Random Field-based (CRF-based), word-pair-based methods in ESD module, and add-based, Natural Language Inference-based (NLI-based) and prompt-based methods in ECD module, are investigated to demonstrate the generalizability of the decoupled framework. Extensive experiments on the three Named Entity Recognition (NER) datasets reveal that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance in the CIFNER setting.
Implementation of a brittle sea ice rheology in an Eulerian, finite-difference, C-grid modeling framework: impact on the simulated deformation of sea ice in the Arctic

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We have implemented the brittle Bingham–Maxwell sea ice rheology (BBM) into SI3, the sea ice component of NEMO. After discussing the numerical aspects and requirements that are specific to the implementation of a brittle rheology in the Eulerian, finite-difference, Arakawa C-grid framework, we detail the approach we have used. This approach relies on the introduction of an additional set of prognostic stress tensor components, sea ice damage, and sea ice velocity vector, following a grid point arrangement that expands the C-grid into the Arakawa E-grid. The newly implemented BBM rheology is first assessed by means of a set of idealized SI3 simulations at different spatial resolutions. Then, sea ice deformation rates obtained from simulations of the Arctic at a 1/4° spatial resolution, performed with the coupled ocean–sea ice setup of NEMO, are assessed against satellite observations. For all these simulations, results obtained with the default current workhorse setup of SI3 are provided to serve as a reference. Our results show that using a brittle type of rheology, such as BBM, allows SI3 to simulate the highly localized deformation pattern of sea ice, as well as its scaling properties, from the scale of the model's computational grid up to the basin scale.
DISCOORDINATED LABOR ACTIVITY AND MODERN APPROACHES TO ITS CORRECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study – to evaluate the course and outcome of childbirth for the mother and the fetus by comparing various methods of correction of discoordinated labor activity (DLA). Materials and Methods. 120 women in childbirth were examined, of whom 90 women had DLA. Group 1 (control) consisted of 30 women with a physiological course of childbirth, group 2 – 30 women in labor, who underwent correction of the DLA according to the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 676, dated 12/31/2004, group 3 – 30 women who underwent epidural anesthesia, group 4 – 30 women who underwent complex treatment using phosphatidylcholine. The subject of the study was indicators of partograms of women in labor, fetal CTG, levels of adrenaline, norepinephrine, prostaglandin F2α, oxytocin, dopplerometry, and assessment of the condition of newborns. Results and Discussion. In women with DLA, a premature rupture of the membranes was determined in 67 (74.5 %); indicators of adrenaline were increased (7.2±0.8) nmol/l. Under the influence of treatment, the adrenaline level decreased in group 4 to (3.5±0.5) nmol/l. There was an increase in the concentration of PGF2a during DLA to (177.2±6.9) ng/ml. The use of traditional therapy reduced the content of PGF2a to (134.1±5.1) ng/ml, the use of phosphatidylcholine to (111.7±4.8) ng/ml. Similar changes were observed in oxytocin parameters: an increase in the content during DLA (173.4±10.2) pg/ml, a decrease under the influence of traditional treatment (105.7±6.9) pg/ml and our proposed method of therapy (91.3±5.6) pg/ml. The results of a Dopplerometric examination of women in labor with DLA indicated an increase in resistance in the uterine arteries and in the umbilical arteries. Studies have shown that in group 2, the Caesarean section was the lowest – 33.3 %, group 3 – 66.7 %, in group 4 – 40 %. Condition of the newborn: in group 2 of pregnant women in satisfactory condition 76.7 % of newborns were born, in the group 3 – 66.7 %, in group 4 – 73.3 %. Conclusions. Based on the results of the evaluation of the outcome of labor, the use of phosphothydiolcholine in the complex treatment of discordination of labor can significantly reduce the frequency of operative half-divergence and improve the condition of the fetus and the newborn due to the normalization of biologically active substances in the blood of the mother and fetus, improvement of blood flow in the utero-placental complex and, as a result of normalization of maternity activities.
Comparative kinematic analysis of bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion: a cyclographic technique.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper shows the convention for, and applicability of, a new computer-aided cyclographic technique for kinematic analysis of locomotion in quadrupeds. Comparison is made of the walking, trotting and galloping patterns of a reference quadruped, Canis familiaris. The method is effective where an investigator required an accurate evaluation of limb movement in the cranio-caudal plane.