jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of 20-valent pneumococcal vaccination in chemotherapy patients: A first real world report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

452 Background: Patients with cancer receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy are at a high risk of infection, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with underlying cancer is associated with worse outcomes, irrespective of neutropenia. Studies have shown that patients with cancer and CAP have increased requirements for vasopressor support. Methods: We initiated a quality improvement (QI) project at our cancer center to evaluate the rates of pneumococcal vaccination among cancer patients. The primary analysis was to identify whether the one-dose 20-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV20) would improve vaccination rate. Following the initial analysis, PCV20 was offered to all patients before starting therapy. Secondary analysis included hospitalization, ICU admission, and outpatient rates for pneumonia in patients receiving chemotherapy (chemo) and non-chemotherapy anticancer medications (non-chemo). Patients diagnosed with CAP within 3 months of vaccination and co-infection with viral infection were excluded. Results: For the primary analysis, data from December 2021 to March 2023 were included. In September 2022, our institution implemented PCV20 as the preferred pneumococcal vaccination. Of the 135 patients, 21% had completed vaccination before September 2022. With PCV20, complete vaccination increased to 66%. For secondary analysis, data from January 2023 to December 2024 identified 156 patients (median age 70 years) who had received the PCV20. In this cohort, 99 (63%) patients were in the chemo group and 57 (37%) patients were in the non-chemo group. Pneumonia-related hospitalization among the chemo group was four-fold higher (13.1% (n=13) vs 3.5%). Only one patient in each group had ICU admission. Six patients in the chemo group and 5 patients in the non-chemo group had outpatient pneumonia. Conclusions: In June 2021, the US FDA approved the use of PCV20 vaccination in adults based on trial data confirming tolerability and immunogenicity. Our study shows substantial increase in vaccination in cancer patients by switching to one dose of PCV20. Through our QI initiative, we offered vaccinations to all patients receiving anti-cancer therapy and identified a significant decrease in ICU admission rates (1.2%). Database studies have shown 4.7 to 15% hospitalization and 9 to 21% ICU admission rates in patients with cancer. The hospitalization rate was 13% in our chemo group. Efficacy studies on PCV20 are currently ongoing in the US, and our data are the first reported efficacy data, exclusively in cancer patients. The limitation of our study is the lack of a comparative cohort since PCV20 was offered to all treatment patients. We recommend that pneumococcal vaccination should be offered to all patients with cancer, especially those undergoing chemotherapy.
Shoreline Change Atlas, Volume-5 (Odisha, West Bengal) 2021

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Coastal Zone represents a complex environmental entity, which is in constant interaction with the marine and terrestrial processes.The coastal zone has been receiving increased attention due to the immense anthropogenic pressure and inevitable development activities related to kade and transporl The coast is bestowed with rich bio-diversity and fragile ecosystems like mangroves and coral reefs that are highly sensitive to any climatic and environmental changes.The coastal region, due to the influence of natural and anthropogenic forces and the sporadic events like cyclones undergo severe erosions leading to loss of human livelihood and crucial biodiversaty besides critically damaging the coastal constructions and aesthetic quality that attracts huge economic benefits.Quantifying coastal change is essential for calculating trends in erosion, evaluating processes that shape coastal landscapes and predicting the response of coast to future storms and sea]evel rise.The dynamic natures oI the coast prompt for frequent monitoring and comprehending the coaslal erosion activities.Space technology has been effectively deployed in identification and measurement of such activities Space Applications Centre (SAC) in collaboration with a large number of scaentific organization & universities of the country has carried oul various scientiflc investigation/inventory of the entire coastal zone of lndia using satellite data like impact of sea level rise on lhe lndian coastal environment, development of Coastal Zone lnformation System (CZIS), mapprng and monrloring of coral reefs and mangroves, inventory of the @astal land use etc.One such signiflcant work was preparation of Shoreline Change Atlas of lndia for the time frame 1989,91 and 2004-06The present Shoreline Change Atlas is an outcome of the shoreline change mapped for the entire lndian coast between the time frames of 2004,06 and 2014-
Conducting an Epidemiologic Study and Making It FAIR: Reusable Tools and Procedures from a Population-Based Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conducting large-scale epidemiologic studies requires powerful software for electronic data capture, data management, data quality assessments, and participant management. There is also an increasing need to make studies and the data collected findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). However, reusable software tools from major studies, underlying such needs, are not necessarily known to other researchers. Therefore, this work gives an overview on the main tools used to conduct the internationally highly networked population-based project Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), as well as approaches taken to improve its FAIRness. Deep phenotyping, formalizing processes from data capture to data transfer, with a strong emphasis on cooperation and data exchange have laid the foundation for a broad scientific impact with more than 1500 published papers to date.
Field #3 of the Palomar-Groningen Survey I. Variable stars at the edge of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A catalogue is presented with variable (RR Lyrae, semiregular and Mira) stars located inside field #3 of the Palomar-Groningen Survey, at the outer edge of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. One of the semiregular variables is a carbon star, comparable with those found by Azzopardi et al. (1991). Serendipity provides the suggestion, that their carbon stars might not be located inside, but behind the bulge in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.
1004925.pdf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present volume is the first in a series of monographs dedicated to the results achieved by AcrossBorders, a European Research Council Project (Austrian Academy of Sciences and Ludwig Maximilian University Munich). With its so-called Egyptian temple town and adjacent pyramid cemeteries, Sai Island is one of the prime examples for settlement policy of New Kingdom Egypt (c. 1530–1070 BC) in Upper Nubia (northern Sudan) and is the focus of this project. New fieldwork and multi-layered research conducted by the AcrossBorders project has provided fresh insights on living conditions in New Kingdom Nubia in direct comparison with Egypt. \nThis volume is dedicated to SAV1 North, the sector situated along the northern enclosure wall. It was excavated between 2008 and 2012 by the Sai Island Archaeological Mission and processed within the framework of AcrossBorders. The principal focus of the book is the physical remains of SAV1 North: the architecture and material culture, with emphasis on the pottery and small finds. \nDatable to the mid to late 18th Dynasty, the building phase labelled as Level 3 was the heyday of sector SAV1 North – a time well-attested by several architectural remains with associated finds and pottery, which are all presented in the volume. A summary of thoughts on possible hints about the lifestyle and activities at SAV1 North preserved in the material remains completes AcrossBorders I. All in all, the evidence from SAV1 North underlines the important role Sai plays in understanding settlement patterns in New Kingdom Nubia.
Investigating Self-Healing Mechanisms In Host-Pathogen Interactions: A Literature Review Of Macrophage Functions In Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality, particularly in underdeveloped regions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is regarded as one of the most successful pathogens due to its ability to evade host immunity and persist within granulomas. Macrophages are the first-line host defenders that engulf Mtb into phagosomes, which initiates lysosomal activity for degradation. However, the virulence factor of Mtb is able to inhibit phagolysosome fusion. The host immune system forms granulomas to contain the mycobacterium at the site of inflammation. This, in turn, causes a necrotic state and causes tissue damage from the prolonged inflammation. Studies suggest that the host's inflammatory response contributes more to tissue damage than the pathogen itself. This gives a different point of view in infectious disease treatment, where therapeutic strategies should balance tissue repair and host-immune-induced damage. To address this, we have developed a mathematical Host-Pathogen Interaction (HPI) model that highlights the importance of the host's ability to repair (termed self-healing power) in infection recovery. This model suggests that host survival relies on an optimal balance between immune-mediated pathogen control and healing-mediated tissue repair. However, current literature often conflates the host's healing mechanisms with immune function, and there is no quantitative framework to determine how much immune activation is detrimental to tissue repair. To clarify this distinction, we use alveolar macrophages as a model system due to their diverse roles in TB pathogenesis, including pro-inflammatory responses, anti-inflammatory activities, and tissue repair functions. This review aims to characterize macrophage heterogeneity, polarization, and their roles in both immune defense and tissue repair, leading to the definition of the host's healing function as a distinct entity from immune function within the framework of the HPI model. By distinguishing between tissue repair and immune defense, this work provides a theoretical foundation for developing therapeutic strategies that enhance self-healing while maintaining immune balance, ultimately contributing to improved TB treatment approaches.
On projectivity of finitely generated modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In a recent paper of Holston, López-Permouth, Mastromatteo and Simental-Rodriguez, a ring R is defined to have no subprojective middle class if the subprojectivity domain of any R-module is the smallest or largest possible. In this work, we continue to use this idea of restricting the class of subprojectivity domains to classify rings. A finitely generated (resp., cyclic) module is called fingp-indigent (resp., singp-indigent), if its subprojectivity domain consists of only finitely projective (resp., singly projective) modules. We give a characterization of rings over which finitely generated (resp., cyclic) modules are either projective or fingp-indigent (resp., singp-indigent).
Diversification of teaching cognitive styles in higher school as a factor of enhancing the quality of teaching accounting the best European practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the modern conditions, one of the teacher’s leading tasks is achievement of high quality of teaching based on the analysis and accounting of the best European practices, which can be actualized in the context of a research on teaching cognitive styles. The relevance of a research is as follows: teaching cognitive style causes features of an individual style of teacher’s professional activity. The purpose of the article is in determination of inter-relation between the research on teachers’ cognitive styles and realization of practical aspects of teaching accounting the best European practices. It is formulated that the research of teaching cognitive styles is one of the priority directions of the research which is caused by the need for enhancing the quality of teaching in higher school within achievement of high level of pedagogical mastery. It is proved that inter-disciplinary study of Russian and foreign researchers is aimed to establish individual differences in the ways of teacher’s work with information, to model variable situations of pedagogical interaction accounting diversification in models of teachers’ intellectual behavior in higher school. The article is intended for the researchers, and teachers-practitioners.
Vertical diffusivity in the lower stratosphere from Lagrangian back‐trajectory reconstructions of ozone profiles

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We present a simple stochastic‐dynamical approach to estimate the turbulent vertical diffusivity ( D ) in the lower stratosphere from routinely observed ozone profiles. First, an observed ozone profile is reconstructed using three‐dimensional back trajectories obtained from analyzed winds and initializing the trajectories with ozone values from the output of a chemistry‐transport model. Assuming that diffusion in the vertical follows a simple random walk leading to a Gaussian probability distribution for the particle displacements, we perform Monte Carlo simulations with ensembles of particles originating along each point in the vertical profile. By choosing different values of D as input in the calculations, we generate different profiles that are smoothed through diffusion. Comparing with the observed profile, we can identify that value of D which is in best agreement at an intermediate range of vertical length scales as an upper bound of the actual D . For northern midlatitude lower stratospheric conditions during winter over a period of 12 days, the best estimate is D ≈ 0.1 m 2 s −1 or slightly larger. The present results are discussed in the context of comparable estimations of vertical diffusivity in the literature.
دور الشرطة المجتمعية في مواجهة أبرز التهديدات الأمنية المعاصرة

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the role of community policing as a security model in addressing key emerging security threats that impact individual safety and community stability. With the increasing complexity of these threats, which often cannot be effectively countered by traditional security measures alone, the importance of a proactive approach becomes evident. The study emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of local community dynamics, cultural sensitivities, and the necessity of a tailored, community-centric approach to security. outlines the prerequisites for successfully implementing this model across diverse communities. Additionally, it investigates the extent to which community policing is effective against various types of emerging threats, taking into account the unique nature of each threat. The findings suggest that community policing can play a crucial role in safeguarding local communities from emerging threats, with its effectiveness varying depending on the nature of the threat and the specific context of each community. This approach has become essential in addressing the evolving nature of crime, which increasingly requires proactive and preventive interventions. The study recommends the establishment of a dedicated research unit to provide targeted recommendations for responding to different types of emerging threats, while also advocating for the adoption of a foresight approach and future studies to predict and prepare for potential security challenges. The development of early warning systems is also emphasized as a key aspect of this approach.
Nos allies Americans en France : 25 "Stars and Stripes" joue pur la musique Americaine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cantonese Opera prop. Stem switch is two pieces of stem bent in half and bound with a strip of stem material. A small piece of string also binds two of the stems at the bound handle. There is a loop of cotton fibre that has been knotted. The loose ends are split and frayed. One of the frayed ends has been completely severed from the bottom of the bound handle. Another has been partially severed from the bottom of the bound handle.
Interstitial mycosis fungoides initially diagnosed as interstitial granulomatous drug reaction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 74 year old woman presented with a 1‐month history of symmetrical erythematous annular plaques involving her groin and medial thigh 3 to 4 years post commencing simvastatin. Initial histology was consistent with the diagnosis of interstitial granulomatous drug reaction (IGDR), however 11 months post cessation of Simvastatin the plaques were expanding in size. Repeat biopsy demonstrated features of interstitial mycosis fungoides (IMF). IMF is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides. It has been reported to resemble granuloma annulare, inflammatory morphoea and IGDR with an interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. IGDR presents most commonly with a history of asymptomatic, erythematous to violaceous plaques in an annular pattern, mainly involving the intertriginous areas, medial thighs and inner aspects of the arms. There is a temporal association between the initiation of drug therapy and lesional onset and resolution after cessation of the drug. It has clinical and histological features that overlap with IMF. This case of a rare variant of mycosis fungoides initially diagnosed as interstitial granulomatous drug reaction is presented to highlight the importance of recognising this differential diagnosis when presumed IGDR fails to resolve.
The cerebral cavernous malformation 3 gene is necessary for senescence induction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in cerebral cavernous malformation 3 gene are known to result in development of vascular malformations and have recently been proposed to also give rise to meningiomas. We report in this study that lack of CCM3 unexpectedly impairs the senescence response of cells, and this is related to the inability of CCM3-deficient cells to induce the C/EBPβ transcription factor and implement the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Induction of C/EBPβ and cytokines is also impaired in the absence of CCM3 in response to cytokines in nonsenescent cells, pointing to it being a primary defect and not secondary to impaired senescence. CCM3-deficient cells also have a defect in autophagy at late passages of culture, and this defect is also not dependent on impaired senescence, as it is evident in immortal cells after nutrient starvation. Further, these two defects may be related, as enforcing autophagy in CCM3-deficient late passage cells increases C/EBPβ cytokine expression. These results broaden our knowledge on the mechanisms by which CCM3 deficiency results in disease and open new avenues of research into both CCM3 and senescence biology.
Occurrence and control of avocado sooty blotch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SYNOPSIS Sooty blotch of avocado is caused by Akaropeltopsis sp, a cultivatable member of the Micropeltidaceae characterised by 16-spored asci. Pre-harvest sprays with copper oxychloride or captafol reduce the disease. Sooty blotch of avocado (Persea americana Mill) was first reported in South Africa by Doidge, Bottomley, Van der Plank & Pauer (1953). They listed Stomiopeltis citri Bitancourt as the causal organism, presumably because of its similarity to the fungus responsible for sooty blotch of citrus. Avocado sooty blotch is characterised by sooty blotches on the branches, stems, leaf veins and fruit. It appears to be confined to southern Africa, since no report can be found of similar symptoms on P. americana in other parts of the world. Although the causal organism does not parasitise the host, the blotches lower the market value of the fruit. In 1985, 2,97 per cent of all avocados exported by air was rejected due to sooty blotch or sooty mould (Pieterse, 1986). The morphology, identity and control of the fungus causing sooty blotch of avocado in South Africa are reported on in this paper. Sooty blotches originate from germinating ascospores or mycelial fragments of the pathogen. The resultant mycelium branches out and produces small, light brown, rather inconspicuous spots on the plant surface. The blotches eventually become darker and thicker and the whole affected area turns charcoal black (Figure 1). When flower clusters and young shoots emerge in late winter or spring, the new growth forms a clear contrast with the dark twigs of the previous season. Symptoms spread during summer and the charcoal discolouration of affected fruit becomes more intense with age. Symptoms on leaves usually appear only after the second season. Haustoria have not been observed. Ascostromata (Figure 2) are abundantly produced on affected tissue during summer. They are dark brown, circular in outline, scutate, ostiolate, flat at the base, appressed to the cuticle, glabrous, 220300 pm in diameter and 35-45 µm high, with a pseudoparenchymatous wall composed of meandrically interwoven hyphae (Figure 3). Asci are obclavate, sessile, bitunicate with apices directed to the ostiole, containing 16 ascospores each, 40-68 rim x 10-15 µm (Figure 4). Ascospores are hyaline, smooth, obclavate, two-celled, 14-16 pm x 4-5 µm. Paraphyses are filiform, single, hyaline, 1-1,5 µm in diameter. A specimen of the fungus has been deposited in the National Collection of Fungi of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria as PREM 47653.
Ion flux–energy distributions across grounded grids in an RF plasma source with DC-grounded electrodes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present an experimental investigation of the ion flux–energy distribution functions (IFEDFs) obtained across grounded grids in an asymmetric capacitively coupled RF source using a helium discharge. The powered electrode in the RF source is DC-grounded via a λ /4 filter, which lifts its DC potential to zero. Grids of different dimensions (hole width, thickness, and geometric transparency) were used to confine the plasma, while the IFEDF of the ion beam departing the grid and reaching the reactor walls was studied using a retarding field energy analyser. The IFEDF obtained was double-peaked, indicating the presence of fast ions arriving from the plasma source, and cold ions generated upon charge exchange collisions between the fast ions and neutrals. The flux, as well as the peak energies of the two ion groups, depended significantly on the process parameters: RF power, He pressure, the distance between grids and walls, and the dimensions of the grids. The results indicate that confining plasma with grids can reduce the ion flux at the walls by over 60%, significantly lowering the wall sputtering rate. This was confirmed with a dedicated long-exposure plasma discharge with a gridded plasma reactor, wherein less than 1 nm of Cu deposition was found on the DC-grounded powered electrode, and the surface reflectivity was preserved to pristine values. In contrast, a similar experiment in a gridless reactor resulted in Cu deposition of 35 nm with a drastic drop in surface reflectivity. These studies are of great importance for the application of similar RF plasma sources with in-situ cleaning of diagnostic mirrors in fusion devices, as well as in a variety of plasma processing applications.
CSD 2151586: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.