jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors of Organizing Surgical Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers and Patient Survival: Real-World Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim : to analyze the safety and effectiveness of the method of cold snaring resection with preliminary hydropreparation when removing superficially colorectal epithelial neoplasms with a diameter of 5 to 25 mm. Material and methods . The number of complications and disease recurrence after endoscopic excisions by “cold” snaring resection with preliminary hydropreparation of superficially neoplasms with a diameter of 5 to 25 mm was assessed. Results . Neoplasms were removed in a single block in 89/122 (72.95 %) cases. Neoplasms with a diameter of 5 to 9 mm were excisions in a single block in 100 % of cases, with a diameter of 9 to 14 mm in 28/30 (93.33 %) cases, with a diameter of 15 to 19 mm in 12/38 (31.57 %) cases. According to the results of a lifetime pathoanatomic examination of the removed material, serrated dysplasia (serrated dysplasia, low grade) was detected in 76 cases; micro vesicular hyperplastic polyps (Hyperplastic polyp, micro vesicular type MVHP) were established in 9 cases; hyperplastic polyps containing goblet cells (Hyperplastic polyp, goblet cell GCHP) were in 5 cases; tubular adenoma with dysplasia (Tubular adenoma, low grade) was in 32 cases. Delayed bleeding and perforation of the intestinal wall, both at the time of resection, and in the delayed period was not observed. No local recurrence was detected in the groups of patients with neoplasms diameters of 5-9 and 10-14 mm. One case of local recurrence was detected in a group of patients with a neoplasms diameter from 15 to 19 mm (1/38 = 2.63 %) and one case in a group with a neoplasms diameter of 20-25 mm (1/5 = 20 %). Conclusions . Cold endoscopic snaring resection of colorectal epithelial neoplasms with preliminary hydropreparation in the submucosa is a safe and effective method of excisions superficially epithelial neoplasms of the colon with a diameter of 5 to 19 mm.
Private Music Archives in the National Library of Estonia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Private music collections and archives are an important part of the holdings of the National Library (NL) of Estonia. The article presents an overview of seven private music collections stored in the Library. The author analyses their composition, characterizes the most significant publications and presents biographical information about the creators. The history of the deposited collections is considered in the context of the history of the NL of Estonia and formation of the Music Department. In 1959, based on the existing collection of musical literature in the NL of Estonia, founded in 1918, the Music Department was established and the service of readers was organized. The priority in acquisition of music collections were the works by Estonian composers and recordings of Estonian musicians, as well as retrospective publications. The pride and glory of the Music Department are complete collections and private archives. The NL became the holder of 40 different private collections and archives of organizations, including 14 private collections related to music. These are the private libraries and manuscript collections of six composers, music and recording collections of two opera performers, creative archives of two conductors and one pianist. The collections have reached the NL in different ways: the Library accepted the first two in the 1960s, the next eight came only in the 1990s, and four have been added to the holdings over the last ten years. The author emphasizes the cultural significance of the collections: they enrich the Library’s collections and are important for the Estonian nation. Each collection carries valuable information about its owner, gives joy of new discoveries to researchers and to all who are interested in music. Additional value comes from knowing that a person who completely loved and knew about music has designed that private collection. Emotional influences and personal contacts often play a key role in the decision to give private collection to the library. Thus, cultural exchange and partnership are important areas of library work.
John L. Rudolph. Scientists in the Classroom: The Cold War Reconstruction of American Science Education. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Pp. ix, 262. Cloth $65.00, paper $22.95

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article John L. Rudolph. Scientists in the Classroom: The Cold War Reconstruction of American Science Education. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Pp. ix, 262. Cloth $65.00, paper $22.95 Get access Rudolph John L.. Scientists in the Classroom: The Cold War Reconstruction of American Science Education. New York: Palgrave. 2002. Pp. ix, 262. Cloth $65.00, paper $22.95. Jessica Wang Jessica Wang University of California, Los Angeles Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 108, Issue 1, February 2003, Pages 217–218, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/108.1.217 Published: 01 February 2003
Protic Ionic Liquid as an Alternative Electrolyte for Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Caffeine and Nicotine in Environmental and Food Samples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Caffeine (CAF) and nicotine (NIC) are emerging contaminants and are among the most consumed substances in the world, making it crucial to monitor these contaminants. In this work, an alternative electrolyte, 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) was used for the development of an electroanalytical method for determination and quantification of CAF and NIC, simultaneously, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system with the 2HEAA electrolyte was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the DPV parameters were optimized for the best conditions. The method was validated from a calibration curve obtained which showed limit of detection (LOD) of 0.82 and 6.26 μmol L-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.73 and 20.8 μmol L-1 for CAF and NIC, respectively. In the precision analyses, values lower than 10% of relative standard deviation were obtained. In the presence of concomitant inorganic and organic species, the system proved to be selective in the determination of analytes. The method was used to determine the analytes in fortified samples (river water, synthetic urine and commercial milk), obtaining recoveries between 87.25 and 111.40%. The 2HEAA demonstrated high efficiency as an alternative electrolyte with good signal-to-noise ratio, increased analytical sensitivity of the method, in addition to presenting low cost and fast electrolyte preparation.
Neuropathy in Ethiopian diabetics: a correlation of clinical and nerve conduction studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clinical and electrophysiological study of neuropathy in 215 unselected Ethiopian diabetics and 100 healthy controls was carried out at the Tikur Ambassa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa. The prevalence in diabetics was 54%, in controls 8%. The prevalence was significantly related to the duration of diabetes: 42%, 60% and 80% for a duration of respectively less than 5 years, 5 to 14 years, and 15 years and longer. There was no relationship of the prevalence to age. Diabetics with retinopathy (15%), nephropathy (12%) and liver cirrhosis (13%) had prevalences of respectively 70%, 76% and 71%; much higher figures than in patients without these complications. A higher prevalence of neuropathy was detected by nerve conduction studies than by clinical methods. The mean conduction velocity diminished in direct relation to the duration of the diabetes. The prevalence of neuropathy in our patients is similar to the prevalence reported from other countries in Africa. Poor nutritional background, inadequate control of the diabetes and the high prevalence of associated diseases such as liver cirrhosis may be partly responsible for the high prevalences of neuropathy in African diabetics.
Ferromanganese Nodules of the Pacific: Minerals

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The distribution, morphology, internal structure, and chemical composition of ferromanganese nodules in the Pacific Ocean reflect the circumcontinental and latitudinal zonality of sedimentation processes and such local factors as depth of the ocean, composition of substratum, intensity of diagenetic processes, intensity of halmyrolysis of volcanic rocks, hydrothermal activity, and changes of near-bottom current velocity. The age of formation of ferromanganese nodules and crusts on the ocean floor varies in different regions. In the pelagic regions the nodules are mainly of Pleistocene or, locally, pre-Quaternary age. Detailed research on selected geologic polygons gives important information for the study of the irregularity of ferromanganese distribution and composition ithin main ore fields.
Role of pollinators in seed·set and a test of polleo limitation hypothesis in the tropical weed Triumfetta semitriloba (Tiliaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two patches of the tropical weed Triumfetta semitrilóba Jacq. (Tiliaceae) were studied in Viyosa, Southeastem Brazil, in the 1994 flowering season (March to May). Ten plants per patch, and five flowers per plant were randomly chosen for the following pollination tests: self-pollination; control; bee control; high load of crosspollen and high load of self-pollen. Fruits were collected to study seeds. Results for role of pollinators and pollen linútation in seed production were different between patches, probably because of differences in patch "quality" (nutrient availability, nÍlmber of flowers per plant and per patch, pollinator abundance). Seeds initiation. was independent of pollinators, but seed initiation and seed set were increased by pollinators. Seed production was Unútedby pollen, as seed initiation and seed set were jn¡:reased by high load of cross-pollen, only in one patch. Nevertheless, nutrients may also be limiting seed production, because ahigh load of cross-pollen did not maximize seed production, in either patch. Fruit abortion was higher in se1f-pollination and high load of se1f-pollen treatments, possibly because of selective abortion of self-progeny and fruits with less seeds. As expected for a weed species, T. semitrilobil has a breeding system where seed production is guaranteed by self-pollination, but the presence of bee pollinators increases seed set, and probably improves seed quality by cross-pollination. Differences between.patches showed that this species may experience spatial differences in reproductive success, with patches where seed production is limited by nutrients, patches limited by pollen, and patches where seed production is limited by both.
Statistical thermodynamics of helix–coil transitions in biopolymers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Helical conformations, such as the α-helix in polypeptides and the double helix in DNA, are common structural elements in biopolymers. As the temperature is raised or the pH is changed to extremes of acidity or alkalinity, the helix becomes disordered into a random coil state. The helix–coil transition has been extensively studied, both experimentally and theoretically, as a model for conformational transitions in biopolymers and as a way to obtain information about the intermolecular forces which stabilize biopolymer structure. We develop three theoretical treatments that describe the helix–coil transition with increasing degrees of detail and rigor: the all-or-none model, the zipper model, which allows initiation of the helix only once along the polymer chain, and the matrix model, which places no restrictions on helix–coil junctions. The matrix model is mathematically similar to the familiar one-dimensional Ising model.
The language of iron. Medieval links between Alava and the Demanda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the early medieval documentation that refers to the Upper Ebro valley we encounter an abundance of references to both iron and smiths, but silence with regard to furnaces or forges. This leads us to a series of considerations about the essentially precarious and rural nature of early iron-working, in accordance with a series of recent studies on northern Iberia. In this same documentation we observe that, above all others, two areas on opposite flanks of the Ebro valley and separated by almost one hundred kilometres are repeatedly associated with iron-working: Álava and the Sierra de la Demanda. They are, moreover, two regions linked in this period by human migration, evidenced above all by its linguistic consequences: the Álava dialect flourishing in the Demanda in this period. We hypothesise that the influx of Alavese population into the Demanda might well have contributed to its metallurgical pre-eminence, although this is also clearly conditioned by the geology of the area.
The Theme of God: A Musical and Theological Discussion of Olivier Messiaen’s Vingt regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to help both performers and liturgical musicians to better understand Messiaen’s musical style and theological inspiration. Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) is one of the most important composers of French keyboard music in the twentieth century. He composed numerous works in nearly every musical genre, many inspired by his Catholic faith. Vingt regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus (Twenty Contemplations on the Infant Jesus) is a two-hour masterpiece for solo piano written in 1944, and is one of the most significant of his works. The piece is constructed by using three main themes: the Thème de Dieu (Theme of God), Thème de l’étoile et de la Croix (Theme of the Star and of the Cross), and Thème d’accords (Theme of Chords). The “Theme of God” is based on an F-sharp major chord with chromatic passing tones in the inner voice. The “Theme of the Star and of the Cross” symbolizes the birth and death of Jesus by using chant-like monophony. The “Theme of Chords” is constructed on four chromatic and dissonant chords creating the sound of bells. Throughout the Vingt regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus, Messiaen uses a variety of rhythmic figures, including Greek rhythms, Indian rhythms, non-retrogradable rhythms, diminution and augmentation. He also created an inventory of scales, which he named the modes of limited transposition. This research will examine Messiaen’s Vingt regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus by focusing on the movements based on the “Theme of God,” namely movements 1, 5, 11, and 20. Following a musical discussion of these pieces, this research will then discuss the theological considerations in Vingt regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus using Messiaen’s own comments found in the score and in additional reference materials.
EU Global Strategy and Europe’s Foreign Policy. An Interview with David Cadier

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

David Cadier is a researcher in EU foreign policy at CERI-Sciences Po since March 2018. He’s also an Adjunct Lecturer at Sciences Po’ Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA) and an Associate at LSE IDEAS (London School of Economics). His research focuses mainly on Foreign Policy Analysis, Central and Eastern Europe, and EU-Russia relations. At CERI-Sciences Po, he coordinates the Horizon 2020 project EU-LISTCO along with Professor Christian Lequesne. David has agreed to answer some of our questions on his background, his current research focus, the EU-LISTCO project, but also on the forthcoming European elections. Interview by Miriam Perier
Effect of Muscle Energy Technique Versus Aerobic Exercise on Chronic Cyclic Pelvic Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic cyclic pelvic pain is cyclic pain located in the pelvis and the lower abdominal area, persisting for 6 months or more with no obvious pathological cause for their pain and severe enough to interfere with daily activities.Objective: This study was conducted to compare the effect of aerobic exercise versus the effect of muscle energy technique on chronic cyclic pelvic pain.Patients and Methods: 30 women complaining of increased pelvic pain of unknown cause lasts more than 6 months diagnosed and referred by their gynecologist.They were divided into two equal groups, Group (A) received muscle energy technique; and Group (B) received aerobic exercise.Both groups were assessed before and after the treatment period (8 weeks) for pain degree by visual analog scale (VAS) and assessment of premenstrual, menstrual, and intermenstrual symptoms by menstrual distress questionnaire scale (MDQ). Results:The results of this study revealed that there was a significant decrease in VAS and MDQ values posttreatment in both groups (A and B) compared with that pretreatment values, when comparing both groups there was a more significant decrease in the post-treatment values of VAS and MDQ of the group (A) compared with that of the group (B).Conclusion: It can be concluded that both muscle energy technique and aerobic exercise will improve chronic cyclic pelvic pain but muscle energy technique resulted in better improvement as compared to aerobic exercise on chronic cyclic pelvic pain.
New method to estimate surface upwelling long-wave radiation from MODIS cloud-free data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

As an important component in the surface radiation budget, surface upwelling longwave radiation (SULR) is an outcome of the land surface energy exchange and mainly represents the capability of thermal radiation from the surface of the Earth. Existing satellite-derived SULR products are too coarse to support high-resolution numerical models, and their accuracy needs to be improved. In this study, an equivalent temperature is introduced through which a "split-window" atmospheric correction algorithm is developed for MODIS data to estimate the instantaneous clear-sky SULR. It is a simple and feasible method that is particularly applicable to MODIS data to acquire relatively high precision SULR under clear skies from which qualified water vapor contents (WVC) and thermal channel brightness temperatures are available. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) are less than 13 W/m2 for all WVC sub-ranges with the viewing zenith angle (VZA) less than 30°, or for all sub-ranges with the VZA less than 60° and the WVC less than 3.5 g/cm2. Also, applications and comparisons with the LST-emissivity method are made by using ground measurements which are collected from the network of surface radiation budget network data (SURFRAD) at the moment of MODIS overpass. Results show that the proposed model has high computational efficiency to estimate SULR from MODIS cloud-free data.
PRIORITY-BASED DATA REPLICATION ALGORITHM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a priority-based data replication algorithm is proposed, outlining its key principles, operational mechanisms, and methods to enhance efficiency. The primary objective of the replication algorithm is to ensure data reliability within the system and optimize resource utilization. This approach optimizes the backup and recovery process by classifying data based on priority levels. The algorithm categorizes data into three main levels: high, medium, and low priority. High-priority data, which is crucial for the stable operation of the system, is backed up and recovered first. Medium and low-priority data are backed up based on the utilization ratio of system resources. This approach accelerates the overall recovery process and improves system efficiency.
Hierarchy of π-Stacking Determines the Conformational Preference of Bis-Squaraines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rational design of conformationally controlled foldable modules can lead to a deeper insight into the conformational space of complex biological molecules where non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and π-stacking are known to play a pivotal role. Squaramides are known to have excellent hydrogen bonding capabilities and hence, are ideal molecules for designing foldable modules that can mimic the secondary structures of bio-molecules. The π-stacking induced folding of bis-squaraines tethered using aliphatic primary and secondary-diamine linkers of varying length is explored with a simple strategy of invoking small perturbations involving the length linkers and degree of substitution. Solution phase NMR investigations in combination with molecular dynamics simulations suggest that bis-squaraines predominantly exist as extended conformations. Structures elucidated by X-ray crystallography confirmed a variety of folded and extended secondary conformations including hairpin turns and 𝛽-sheets which are determined by the hierarchy of π-stacking relative to N–H···O hydrogen bonds.
High throughput visualization and analysis of human short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRP`s) using an infrared based automated DNA sequencer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) including di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats are very useful markers for gene mapping, genetic diagnosis, and forensics because they are highly polymorphic, abundant throughout the mammalian genome, and amplifiable by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to meet the demand for large scale gene mapping and genetic diagnosis, the overall speed of genotyping STRPs should be increased. Automated detection systems using laser irradiation along with infrared fluorescently labeled PCR primers or dATP`s have been used for improved detection of PCR amplified STRPs when compared to conventional radioactive detection methods. Here, we report protocols that provide high throughput visualization and analysis of PCR amplified STRPs using the LI-COR Model 4000S DNA Sequencer. Short (15 cm separation distance) gels were used which produced rapid migration of the DNA fragments to the scanning detector (less than 1 hour from sample loading to detection of up to 350 base long DNA fragments). Seven percent denaturing acrylamide gels with a constant 2000V were employed for fast and adequate resolution. A 64 well format was used for loading (60 samples with 4 lanes for standard markers). Multiple loading of samples (using the same gel up to 3 times) has beenmore » achieved. In addition, we have multiplexed more than one locus per lane. By applying these conditions (60 samples x 3 loci x loads/gel x 2 gels/day) it is possible to generate images for over 1000 person loci in less than a day. Images were analyzed using Scanalytics RFLPscan software. The output data gave each allele size in number of base pairs.« less
Mapping of Digital Competence Frameworks Used in Practical Settings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents our analysis of digital competence frameworks as used in practical settings. Our objective was to evaluate the acknowledgement of digital competence in practical settings and analyse its implementation through digital competence frameworks. The analysis consists of temporal analysis, geographic distribution analysis and the analysis of groups, targeted by identified frameworks. We identified 70 frameworks through means of mainstream search engine queries. Our findings underscore global recognition of digital competence as a crucial and current concept in practical settings.