jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Event Detection and Drilling Processes Using High-Speed Downhole Telemetry and MPD Know-How

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Objectives/Scope The objective of this paper is to describe how high-speed downhole telemetry and technologies developed for managed pressure drilling (MPD) may be combined to overcome the limitations of conventional surface-based event detection systems. This paper will discuss equipment and control system considerations in the exposition of a downhole event detection system. Methods/Procedures/Processes An evaluation of high-speed downhole telemetry in the context of an MPD operation was performed, uncovering the limitations of conventional and MPD event detection systems. Using simplified fluids physics models, this paper describes how a surface-based event detection system is disadvantaged in identifying changing or deteriorating downhole conditions. Examples include cases of gas solution following an influx and undiagnosed wellbore instability events. Downhole event detection systems and methods, which aid in the early detection of the events, are shared along with a discussion of applications of MPD technologies in non-MPD wells. Result/Observations/Conclusions This paper is a demonstration of the shortcomings of conventional event detection approaches. Nearly all contemporary event detection systems are surface-based, consuming surface-acquired data. The drawback of this approach is that downhole events grow in magnitude or scope undetected until an instrument detects a change at the surface. This may allow the downhole conditions to significantly depart from what the rig crew thinks is happening based on what they can see at the surface. By combining downhole high-speed telemetry technology and certain components developed for MPD operations, a downhole event detection system can compare measured values from downhole tools with expected values from an online model. The downhole measurements represent the well as it is, whereas the estimates represent the well from the surface vantage point. Deviation between these two viewpoints occurs during key contingency events, implying that a change has occurred downhole that cannot be physically measured at the surface. As such, a deviation alarm may be set, which is triggered significantly before any surface-based event detection systems. Detecting problems and responding to the well early is essential to reduce the occurrence and impact of unplanned events. Novel/Additive Information Other information is shared regarding event detection system design and integration with other systems onboard the rig. Visualizations that simplify the interpretation of downhole-acquired data are shared. Additional considerations for rig integration are also discussed.
Effect of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), DHA, and seluang fish (Rasbora spp.) on neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter alterations in malnourished rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Malnutrition has detrimental effects on brain development, leading to neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter disorders. A nutrient-rich diet is advocated to mitigate these effects. In South Kalimantan, natural resources such as pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) and seluang fish (Rasbora spp.) are recognized for their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pasak bumi in comparison with seluang fish and DHA on neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances in malnourished rats. Methods: The study involved dividing malnourished rats into six experimental groups: (1) untreated control, (2) treated with pasak bumi extract, (3) treated with DHA, (4) treated with a combination of DHA and pasak bumi extract, (5) treated with seluang fish, (6) treated with a combination of seluang fish and pasak bumi extract; and a control group of normal rats receiving standard feed and placebo. The primary outcomes measured were levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and serotonin. Results: The study revealed that malnutrition in rats significantly elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Treatments involving pasak bumi extract, both alone and in combination with DHA or seluang fish, reduced IL-6 levels. Similarly, combination of pasak bumi extract and DHA or seluang fish lowered TNF-α levels than single treatment of pasak bumi extract (p > 0.05). All treatments did not reduce the serotonin level. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the potent anti-inflammatory capabilities of pasak bumi extract, particularly when combined with DHA or seluang fish, in mitigating the inflammatory response in malnourished rats.
Cold Resistance in Root and Cane of Own-root 'Kyoho' Grapevines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Root and cane of own-root 'Kyoho' grapevunes were tested for winter cold resistance using EC(electrical conductivity) and TTC(triphenyl tetrazorium chloride) tests, as well as anatomical observations and survival tests. Vines were exposed to various subzero temperatures for various durations in two separate experimental trials, one in December, one in January. The EC and TTC reduction of small roots (φ3-5mm)were slightly affected. After exposure to -4℃ for only 12 hours the EC markedly increased and TTC reduction decreased in both small and large roots. Cells of cortex and ray tissues in the root were ruptured. New root growth on root cuttings taken from the vine previously exposed to -4℃ was servely inhibited. These results indicate that 'Kyoho' roots cannot resist temperatures of -4℃ or lower even for a single night during winter. On the other hand, 'Kyoho' canes survived -15℃ even for 24 days. However, exposure to -20℃ or -30℃ greatly affected the EC and TTC reduction in the cane and inhibited bud bursting entirely.
Factors associated with the persistence of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid monotherapy in ulcerative colitis: a nationwide Norwegian cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the mainstay treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and therapy with oral 5-ASA is associated with beneficial outcomes. We have examined factors associated with the persistence of oral 5-ASA treatment in a national cohort of UC patients. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed UC from 2010 to 2014 using oral 5-ASA monotherapy were identified by combining data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Prescription Database. The median follow-up time was 1029 days. Drug persistence was defined as duration of oral 5-ASA preparation as monotherapy. Non-persistence of a oral 5-ASA preparation as monotherapy was defined as stopping oral 5-ASA, initiation of any further anti-inflammatory treatment including a course of glucocorticoids and a change to another oral 5-ASA preparation. Drug persistence was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and influence of covariates on drug persistence was analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: A total of 3421 patients were identified. The overall median 5-ASA drug persistence was 179 days. In univariate analyses, persistence was associated with preparation type and high-dose treatment, while oral glucocorticoid use or hospitalization around the start of oral 5-ASA were associated with shorter 5-ASA persistence. In multivariate analyses, oral glucocorticoids [HR 1.67 (1.54–1.80), p < 0.005] and hospitalization around start of 5-ASA [HR 1.23 (1.14–1.34), p < 0.005] were associated with non-persistence, whereas high dose (⩾3 g/day) 5-ASA was associated with longer persistence [HR 0.68 (0.65–0.71), p < 0.005]. Conclusion: High-dose treatment with oral 5-ASA was associated with longer persistence of oral 5-ASA monotherapy, whereas the presence of factors indicating more severe disease around initiation of 5-ASA monotherapy was associated with a shorter persistence.
COURAGE Registry, s.v. "Colecția Noroc de la AOSPR Moldova"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This ad-hoc collection comprises a series of archival materials relating to the activity of the musical band Noroc (officially known as the Noroc Vocal-Instrumental Ensemble). This group of young musicians reached the peak of its popularity during the period 1968–1970. Noroc represented one of the most important examples of an alternative musical style and subculture not only in the Moldavian SSR, but also at the all-Union level. Its members practised an original genre mixing local folkloric elements and Western influences (mostly jazz, rock, and beat). Due to the ”subversive” character of their music, the band was dissolved by the Soviet Moldavian authorities in September 1970. The materials in this collection were selected from Fonds No. 51 (Fonds of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldavia), which is currently held in the Archive of Social-Political Organisations (AOSPRM) of the Republic of Moldova. These documents reflect the emergence of a mass youth subculture in the USSR in the late 1960s and the ideological constraints placed by the regime on such displays of an alternative lifestyle.
Efficiency of Different Mass Transfer Modes in Electrochemical Oxidation Treatment for Landfill Leachate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of different mass transfer ways in landfill leachate treatment by electrochemical oxidation was studied, the electrochemical oxidation rate, current efficiency and energy consumption were mainly discussed by four different mass transfer ways—including higher pressure water jet electrode, aeration, mixing and natural convection. The results show that mass transfer way has an important influence for NH4+-N and CODcr removal in electrochemical oxidation landfill leachate, high pressure water jet has high current efficiency, oxidation rate and lower energy consumption, which is 7.41 mg/L.min, 48% and 0.11 Kwh/gNH4+-N in electrolytic 6 hours, respectively. Different mass transfer ways have different mass transfer coefficient, improving mass transfer coefficient could increase transfer rate and the overall efficiency of system.
The Safe Delivery Incentive Program in Nepal: towards women's empowerment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Providing equal opportunities for the newborn to survive requires a comprehensive approach. One of the approaches to provide equal opportunities for the new born is by promoting birth at the institutions. Nepal faces its unique challenges for meeting the public health goals. While some of the most common barriers toward safe delivery are related to access, cultural practices, lack of healthcare human resource, and inadequate healthcare financing. The government of Nepal in 2005 has initiated an incentive scheme, for the women to deliver at the health facility and to the provider for each delivery attended.

Objective: To assess the perspectives of the beneficiaries of Safe Delivery Incentive Program on the domains of benefits, difficulties, use of the cash incentive, and any recommended changes in the program.

Materials and Methods: This study utilizes a qualitative methodology by the use of in-depth interviews to learn about the perception of women about the scheme. Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with the beneficiaries in randomly selected three wards in Khandbari Municipality. Manual qualitative data analysis was carried out using open coding and axial coding techniques according to Grounded Theory approach to derive a conceptual framework eliciting the perceptions.

Result: Beneficiaries in this study perceive this program as beneficial but not adequate to address the economic burden of childbirth to poor families and to those who are living in the distant health facilities. They find difficulty in availing the scheme in terms of delay in getting money and lack of proper information about the program. Decision-making was mainly by husband and pattern of utilization hugely deviated from the intended purpose (i.e., transportation). They also suggest providing the incentive beforehand and relaxing the clause of ANC as a part of the incentive. Empowerment, both financial and awareness based, emerged as a dominant theme that the women perceived as a benefit of the program.

Conclusion: The findings of the study mention cash transfer mechanism in the program has significantly empowered women. This model for women’s empowerment in developing countries should be explored in greater depth.
Paddy Farmers’ Adaptation Practices to Climatic Vulnerabilities in Malaysia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The climatic factors in Malaysia have been changing very rapidly affecting agricultural productivity and farmers’ sustainable livelihood. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and uncertainty. In order to face and manage the situation farmers are trying in various ways to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. This study analyses paddy farmers’ perception of climatic variations and vulnerabilities and focuses on the techniques they use to adapt to the situation. It uses primary data collected through a questionnaire survey on the paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor in Malaysia. Through a descriptive analysis of the data, the study finds that most farmers do not have a clear perception of the climatic changes and vulnerabilities. Farmers’ adaptation practices to the climatic vulnerability are mostly based on their common sense responses. It suggests that farmers need necessary training and support from the government and international agencies to make them able to effectively adapt to the climatic vulnerability and avert any adverse effect on their socioeconomic sustainability and national food security.
Single-electron capture in low-energy Ar6+-He collisions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Double differential cross sections for state-selective single-electron capture processes in Ar6+-He collisions have been measured at laboratory energies between 75 and 900 eV and scattering angles between 0 and 8°. At the lowest energy, the zero-angle spectrum shows capture into Ar5+(4p) to be the most important channel. However, as the scattering angle is increased, a second peak appears at angles ⩾2° and becomes more pronounced relative to the 4p capture channel. The energy spectra are interpreted qualitatively in terms of the reaction windows, which are calculated using the single-crossing Landau-Zener model. Total and differential cross sections are also measured and compared with available measurements and calculations.
Experimental Brucella ovis infection in pregnant ewes

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Forty yearling Brucella‐free ewes were inoculated with Brucella ovis by the conjunctival route in mid or late first pregnancy. Only a few ewes excreted B ovis during pregnancy and gave birth to stillborn lambs, but most of them excreted the organism at lambing or during lactation. One of the 11 lambs which were born alive but died before they were weaned was found to be infected postmortem. In contrast, none of the 46 surviving lambs which were reared in isolation until adulthood, was found to be infected. At weaning, the 40 ewes were mated again with five Brucella‐free rams. Although many of the ewes excreted B ovis , none of the rams was found to be infected when necropsied after mating. Most of the ewes that became pregnant, all having excreted B ovis during their first pregnancy, cleared the infection during the second pregnancy. However, three remained persistently infected and excreted B ovis in their milk throughout the second lactation. None of the lambs born to these three ewes was found to be infected when necropsied at weaning.
The Expression of Fragile Histidine Triad Gene Protein in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Purpose] To investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene protein and relation- ship between FHIT protein expression and clinicopathological factors in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).[Methods] The expression of FHIT protein was examined in 109 cases with GAC by immunohistochemical technique. Its relationship with clinicopathological factors was analyzed.[Results]Negative expression of FHIT protein was found in 55.96% of the 109 cases with GAC. All 18 cases with normal gastric mucosa were positive expression. Low expression of FHIT protein was correlated with histological grade and type, but not correlated with TNM stage, depth of tumor invasive, lymph node metastasis, organ metastasis, age and gender.[Conclusions] The loss of FHIT protein expression is a frequent event in GAC, FHIT may play an important role in oncogenesis and progression in GAC. The expression of FHIT protein can serve as a new marker for surveillance in GAC.
Psychometric Properties of the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The present study aimed to know the validity and reliability of the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire - CDAQ in the Brazilian context. For this purpose, two empirical studies were designed. Study 1 (N = 215) tested the psychometric parameters of CDAQ, using exploratory factorial analysis. Study 2 (N = 248) sought to gather additional evidences of validity and accuracy of CDAQ using confirmatory factor analysis. The results pointed to the two-factorial structure as the most relevant, with good internal consistency indexes observed. In addition, CDAQ demonstrated convergent validity through meaningful associations with face-to-face abuse in love relationships (CTS2) and overall satisfaction in relationships. Furthermore, it is concluded that CDAQ presents itself as a valid and reliable measure, useful for investigating digital abuse in love relationships in the Brazilian population.
The Outburst of Symbiotic Novae

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the basic properties of symbiotic novae, and show how they differ from classical novae. Differences are observationally particularly noticeable in the luminosity curve, the rise of which is much slower, but its return to pre-outburst level takes much longer than in classical novae. Special emphasis is given to the intial phase, for which two different evolutionary paths have been observed. The outburst may lead into a supergiant phase lasting for several years, which is being followed by the nebular phase, or it may lead straight into the nebular phase. The total energy radiated during an outburst is at least as large as the energy loss of classical novae. Mass-loss during outburst may be sufficiently small to lead eventually to a supernova on the white dwarf.
Prognostic value of clinical and radiological findings in COVID-19 pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We aimed to examine the demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics of patients with COVID‑19 pneumonia and also to identify the factors affecting mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective single‑center observational study. A total of 126 patients with COVID‑19 pneumonia who were polymerase chain reaction confirmed and underwent thorax computer tomography (CT) were analyzed. The patients' demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Thorax CT findings were re‑evaluated retrospectively by thoracic radiologists according to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia guidelines of the Radiological Society of North America. The extent of lesions was evaluated by CT lobe score, which was the sum of individual lobe scores (0–5 point) of the lungs. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 60.4 ± 18.6 years and 54% (n = 68) were male. The most common symptoms included cough, fever, and shortness of breath. The average time interval between the onset of symptoms and thorax CT acquisition was 6.6 ± 8.3 days. The most common radiological findings included ground‑glass opacity (98.4%), consolidation (72.2%), and vascular enlargement (69.8%), respectively. The deceased patients had more common consolidation, vascular enlargement, and high lobe scores in thorax CT as compared to survivors. According to logistic regression analysis age (P = 0.003), lobe score (P = 0.001), numbers of comorbidities (P = 0.017), symptoms duration (P = 0.034), and vascular enlargement (P = 0.045) were independent risk factors on 30‑day mortality. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that age, symptoms duration, the number of comorbidities, lobe score, and vascular enlargement in thorax CT are associated with the prognosis of COVID‑19 pneumonia.
Cis-acting sequences involved in targeting Trm1p-II to the inner nuclear membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanism of targeting a peripheral protein to the
inner nuclear membrane (INM) is not understood. Sequences of
Trm1p-II, a peripheral INM protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
were examined to define the cis-acting regions mediating targeting.
Both a 9-amino acid nuclear localization sequence (NLS) targeting
-galactosidase to the nuclear interior as well as a
60-amino acid membrane targeting sequence directing
-galactosidase to the INM were uncovered. Trm1p-II may
possess two NLSs; a classical basic NLS at amino acids 95-102
(NLS#1) and a putative NLS at amino acids 544-552 (NLS#2). NLS#1 is
likely recognized by the classical importin, importin ,
based on amino acid sequence similarities with known importin
 substrates, while NLS#2 is recognized by the
non-classical importers, Nmd5p and Kap120p. Several regions of
Trm1p-II are necessary for INM targeting, including the N-terminus
and two internal regions, as deleting these regions releases
Trm1-II-GFP from the INM into the nucleoplasm. However, a single
cis-acting sequence of Trm1p-II (amino acids 89-151) is sufficient
to target passenger protein(s) to the INM. Competition experiments
suggest Trm1p-II may be tethered to a second nuclear component,
functioning in addition to the membrane partner, to retain Trm1p-II
within the nucleus. Ice2p was identified in a genome-wide screen
for mutants that mislocate Trm1-II-GFP, suggesting Ice2p may have a
role in targeting of Trm1p-II to the INM; deletion of ICE2 releases
Trm1-II-GFP from the INM into the nucleoplasm. However, a
-galactosidase fusion protein containing amino acids
73-151 of Trm1p-II is maintained at the INM in ice2 cells
suggesting Ice2p may have a role in the distribution of Trm1p-II
around the INM (possibly by regulating a protein(s) involved in
this process) rather than functioning directly by binding Trm1p-II
at the membrane. As Trm1p-II is acetylated at its N-terminus, we
propose a bipartite model for targeting to the INM that requires
this protein modification to expose a cis-acting sequence within
amino acids 89-151 for binding Trm1p-II to its INM-binding partner.
We believe Trm1p-II is targeted to a specific site at the INM and
subsequently spread from this site, accounting for the variations
in nuclear localization observed with different Trm1p-II fusion
proteins.