jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tracheomalacia after reoperation for an adenomatous goiter located in a unique position

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy is a life- threatening situation. However, it is difficult to predict postoperative tracheal obstruction with certainty. A case of a 74-year-old woman with a long-standing adenomatous goiter (98 g) is reported. She had undergone partial right lobe thyroidectomy 54 years earlier. After total thyroid- ectomy, she was reintubated and required a tracheostomy because of tracheomalacia. The right residual thyroid tumor weighed only 5 g, but it extended to the retrotracheal space. Because the right lobe had stretched the membra- nous wall of the trachea over a long period of time, the tracheal lumen was thought to have collapsed because of loss of the foundation of the tracheal cartilage (the residual right lobe) along with the supportive surrounding tissue (the left lobe) after surgery. The present case suggests that the occurrence of tracheomalacia could be attributed to reoperation and retrotracheal extension. Thus far, six pre- operative predictive factors for the development of severe postoperative respiratory obstruction have been reported: goiter for more than 5 years, preoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, significant tracheal narrowing and/or deviation, retrosternal extension, difficult endotracheal intubation, and thyroid cancer. Two more factors, reoper- ation and retrotracheal extension of tumor, may also be risks for airway obstruction after thyroidectomy.
Insulin-Binding Sites in the Rat Brain: In Vivo Localization to the Circumventricular Organs by Quantitative Radioautography*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Insulin-binding sites were localized in the rat brain by means of light microscopic radioautography. Male rats were injected intracardially with [125I]iodoinsulin in the absence and presence of excess unlabeled insulin, insulin analogs, or structurally unrelated polypeptide hormones. Five minutes after injection, the brains were preserved in vivo by perfusion and subjected to radioautographic procedures. Radioautographic reactions caused by [125I]iodoinsulin occurred over all circumventricular organs lacking a blood-brain barrier. In addition, the medial basal hypothalamus, the medial paravagal region, and the choroid plexus were labeled. In the presence of a 500-fold excess of coinjected unlabeled insulin, the radioautographic reactions over the circumventricular organs, the medial basal hypothalamus, and the paravagal region were reduced by 56–78%, indicating the presence of competitive binding sites. In the external contact zone of the median eminence and in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the effect of increasing concentrations of unlabeled insulin, analogs, and structurally unrelated peptides on the radioautographic reaction was studied in detail. Increasing amounts of unlabeled insulin caused a progressive decrease in radioautographic reaction. The competitive effect of insulin analogs was parallel to their known biological potency, and structurally unrelated substances were noninhibitory. This study demonstrates the presence of binding sites for vascular insulin in the circumventricular organs, regions associated with glucosemonitoring function, and in the medial basal hypothalamus and paravagal region, areas implicated in satiety and gastrointestinal regulation. The preferential localization of insulin-specific binding sites to the external region of the median eminence raises the possibility that insulin acts on tuberoinfundibular nerve terminals to influence directly the release of hypophysiotropic substances.
Qualitative and quantitiative assay for detection of callus degrading activity by bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Qualitative and quantitiative assay for detection of callus degrading activity by bacteria Get access K. T. Holland, K. T. Holland Department of Microbiology, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. M. Gribbon, E. M. Gribbon Department of Microbiology, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Marshall J. Marshall Department of Microbiology, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 11, Issue 4, 1 October 1990, Pages 224–227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1990.tb00166.x Published: 01 October 1990 Article history Received: 02 July 1990 Accepted: 06 July 1990 Published: 01 October 1990
Modeling the Kinetics of Contaminants Oxidation and the Generation of Manganese(III) in the Permanganate/Bisulfite Process

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Permanganate can be activated by bisulfite to generate soluble Mn(III) (noncomplexed with ligands other than H2O and OH(-)) which oxidizes organic contaminants at extraordinarily high rates. However, the generation of Mn(III) in the permanganate/bisulfite (PM/BS) process and the reactivity of Mn(III) toward emerging contaminants have never been quantified. In this work, Mn(III) generated in the PM/BS process was shown to absorb at 230-290 nm for the first time and disproportionated more easily at higher pH, and thus, the utilization rate of Mn(III) for decomposing organic contaminant was low under alkaline conditions. A Mn(III) generation and utilization model was developed to get the second-order reaction rate parameters of benzene oxidation by soluble Mn(III), and then, benzene was chosen as the reference probe to build a competition kinetics method, which was employed to obtain the second-order rate constants of organic contaminants oxidation by soluble Mn(III). The results revealed that the second-order rate constants of aniline and bisphenol A oxidation by soluble Mn(III) were in the range of 10(5)-10(6) M(-1) s(-1). With the presence of soluble Mn(III) at micromolar concentration, contaminants could be oxidized with the observed rates several orders of magnitude higher than those by common oxidation processes, implying the great potential application of the PM/BS process in water and wastewater treatment.
Hematopoietic progenitor cell count as a potential quantitative marker in apheresis products during allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The quality and quantity of hematopoietic stem cells in apheresis products are essential to the success of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (PB‐HSCT). While the flow cytometry measurement of CD34+ cells as a golden standard for stem cell count is labor and cost‐intensive, hematopoietic progenitor cell number evaluated by XN Sysmex series automated hematology analyzers (XN‐HPC) is suggested as a surrogate marker. Materials and methods We evaluated the correlation and consistency of XN‐HPC and CD34+ cell count in apheresis samples from both allogeneic donors and autologous patients during PB‐HSCT. Results Good correlation and consistency were observed between XN‐HPC and CD34+ cell counts in harvests collected from healthy donors ( R = .852) rather than autologous patients ( R = .375). Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation was especially poor when autologous patients used plerixafor as an additional mobilizer or were diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). In the setting of allogeneic transplantation, the correlation coefficients were even better in samples from non‐first‐round apheresis ( R = .951), with high white blood cell (WBC) counts ( R = .941), or having successful engraftment within 2 weeks ( R = .895). ROC analysis suggested that an optimal XN‐HPC count of 1127 × 10 6 /L best predicted a sufficient yield of CD34 + stem cells, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity being 92% and 72%, respectively (AUC = 0.852). Conclusions XN‐HPC is a sufficient quantitative marker for stem cell assessment of harvest yield in allogeneic but not autologous HSCT.
Wybrane aspekty realizacji podstawy programowej informatyki rozszerzonej w szkole średniej

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The lack of appropriate software causes many problems in school reality. These problems have two origins. Firstly, many schools cannot afford to buy specialized software, and secondly, even if the classrooms are equipped with appropriate software, it is not possible to use it when the student is at home. The problem becomes very serious when we talk about content that requires a large number of hours of the student's own work, or we are doomed to work remotely. This is exactly the situation when we deal with animation and editing of audio-video material. This article introduces to use of Blender open source in 2D animation with Blender Grease Pencil and Blender Video Editing. The proposed solutions do not entail any financial costs due to the fact that BLENDER open source 3D creation suite is a free program with moderate hardware needs.
Predicting the Protein Folding Rate Based on Sequence Feature Screening and Support Vector Regression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Folding rate prediction plays an important role in clarifying the protein folding mechanism. In this work, we collected 115 protein samples with known folding rates including two-, multi-, and mixed-state proteins.To characterize the primary structure information of the protein molecules more comprehensively, we considered sequence length, residue components with different scales, k-space features for pair residues, and geostatistics association features among different locations of the residues substituted with corresponding physical-chemical properties. Each protein sequence was represented by a numeric vector containing 9357 numbers. We selected23 features with a clear meaning from the above-mentioned high-dimensional features for each sample, after conducting an improved binary matrix shuffling filter and a worst descriptor elimination multi-round method. We constructed a nonlinear support vector regression(SVR) model based on the folding rate and the 23 retained features. The correlation coefficient of the Jackknife cross validation was 0.95. Our prediction accuracy was superior to other results from the literature and other reference feature selection methods. Finally, we established an interpretability system for SVR, and our data showed that the nonlinear regression relationship between the folding rates and the reserved features was highly significant. By further analyzing the effects of each retained descriptor on protein folding rates, the results showed that the protein folding rate might be closely related to the sequence length, the features associated with the medium- and short-range, the triplet residues component features, etc.
Toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum in asymmetric dimer metasurfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Structural symmetry plays a pivotal role in the emergence of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), often observed at the Γ-point within the first Brillouin zone. However, structural symmetry is not an absolute requirement for the formation of BICs at the Γ-point. In this work, we demonstrate that all-dielectric metasurfaces and photonic crystal slabs, made of dimer nanostructures with different sizes and shapes, can sustain BICs at the Γ-point. We show that the nature of these BICs is well preserved, irrespective of the size mismatch/difference, as long as the center-to-center distance between two nanodisks is equal to half of the lattice constants of a superunit cell. The BICs are transformed into quasi-BICs (QBICs) with finite quality (Q) factors by varying the interspacing of dimer nanodisks. Multipole decomposition indicates that this BIC is primarily governed by a toroidal dipole, with a secondary contribution from a magnetic dipole and magnetic quadrupole. Furthermore, we establish that such a BIC is robust against the shape of nanodisks. Notably, we observe that the Q-factor of QBICs for right nanodisks displaced along the y-axis is three orders of magnitude higher than those along the x-axis, suggesting an effective approach to realizing ultrahigh-Q resonances. Finally, we present an experimental demonstration of such a BIC by fabricating silicon dimer metasurfaces and photonic crystal slabs with dimer nanoholes. The trend of measured Q-factors and resonant wavelengths of QBICs shows good agreement with theoretical predictions. The maximum Q-factor is up to 22 633. These results not only advance our understanding of BICs within compound metasurfaces but also hold great promise in enhancing light–matter interactions.
UniCal: a Single-Branch Transformer-Based Model for Camera-to-LiDAR Calibration and Validation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a novel architecture, UniCal, for Camera-to-LiDAR (C2L) extrinsic calibration which leverages self-attention mechanisms through a Transformer-based backbone network to infer the 6-degree of freedom (DoF) relative transformation between the sensors. Unlike previous methods, UniCal performs an early fusion of the input camera and LiDAR data by aggregating camera image channels and LiDAR mappings into a multi-channel unified representation before extracting their features jointly with a single-branch architecture. This single-branch architecture makes UniCal lightweight, which is desirable in applications with restrained resources such as autonomous driving. Through experiments, we show that UniCal achieves state-of-the-art results compared to existing methods. We also show that through transfer learning, weights learned on the calibration task can be applied to a calibration validation task without re-training the backbone.
Flipping Professional Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article provides a critical narrative of a flipped professional development program for experienced graduate teaching associates teaching a second-year writing course. We use a narrative approach to demonstrate that decisions about how and what to flip in a professional development program are intimately linked to the local exigencies—material, cultural, and pedagogical—that constitute administrative, teaching, and learning contexts. Furthermore, we theorize that our decision to flip professional development aligns with feminist ethics of power distribution and collaboration, raises questions about how this also changes the visibility of faculty's administrative labor, and may contribute to misperceptions about the intellectual work and expertise required for service and writing program administration. We close by proposing design as a critical and defining feature of WPA work.
Cooperation and Competition between Adenylate Kinase, Nucleoside Diphosphokinase, Electron Transport, and ATP Synthase in Plant Mitochondria Studied by 31P-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nucleotide metabolism in potato (Solanum tuberosum) mitochondria was studied using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the O2 electrode. Immediately following the addition of ADP, ATP synthesis exceeded the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, fueled by succinate oxidation, due to mitochondrial adenylate kinase (AK) activity two to four times the maximum activity of ATP synthase. Only when the AK reaction approached equilibrium was oxidative phosphorylation the primary mechanism for net ATP synthesis. A pool of sequestered ATP in mitochondria enabled AK and ATP synthase to convert AMP to ATP in the presence of exogenous inorganic phosphate. During this conversion, AK activity can indirectly influence rates of oxidation of both succinate and NADH via changes in mitochondrial ATP. Mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphokinase, in cooperation with ATP synthase, was found to facilitate phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates other than ADP at rates similar to the maximum rate of oxidative phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that plant mitochondria contain all of the machinery necessary to rapidly regenerate nucleoside triphosphates from AMP and nucleoside diphosphates made during cellular biosynthesis and that AK activity can affect both the amount of ADP available to ATP synthase and the level of ATP regulating electron transport.
Noise Removal in Lung LDCT Images by Novel Discrete Wavelet-Based Denoising With Adaptive Thresholding Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cancer is presently one of the prominent causes of death in the world. Early cancer detection, which can improve the prognosis and survival of cancer patients, is challenging for radiologists. Low-dose computed tomography, a commonly used imaging test for screening lung cancer, has a risk of exposure of patients to ionizing radiations. Increased radiation exposure can cause lung cancer development. However, reduced radiation dose results in noisy LDCT images. Efficient preprocessing techniques with computer-aided diagnosis tools can remove noise from LDCT images. Such tools can increase the survival of lung cancer patients by an accurate delineation of the lung nodules. This study aims to develop a framework for preprocessing LDCT images. The authors propose a noise removal technique of discrete wavelet transforms with adaptive thresholding by computing the threshold with a genetic algorithm. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by comparing with mean, median, and Gaussian noise filters.
Effect of Thiourea on Rest Period of Grapevine Buds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thiourea applied at 2% concentration to the buds by covering them with cotton pads soaked in the solution or spraying biweekly from the first week of January to the middle of February on 9Thompson Seedless9 and 9Madeleine Angevine9 vines hastened termination of rest by 10-15 days in both varieties.
Biocompatible Synthetic Tracheal Matrices Based on Polymer Ultra-Fibrous Materials Colonized by Mesenchymal Multipotent Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the investigation is to study biocompatibility and biodegradation of synthetic tracheal matrices based on ultra-fibrous polymer materials, colonized by mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSC) of recipient.Materials and Methods.The study was performed on beagle dogs, which underwent heterotopic implantation of synthetic tracheal scaffolds made of a nonwoven material by electrospinning and colonized by the recipient MMSC.Implant biocompatibility was assessed by computed tomography and macro-and microstructure analysis of the extracted implant and adjacent tissues.Results.It was established that the developed trachea matrix specimens implanted heterotopically to the dogs preserved biocompatibility, ensured colonization by recipient cells, did not cause local and systemic reactions of rejection, and had no general toxic effect.According to the data obtained there was made a conclusion on the biocompatibility of tracheal matrices made of the polymer ultra-fibrous materials and their prospective applications as bioimplants for trachea defect replacements.
Sex-based forearm morphology in climbers: an ultrasound study and it´s predictive value for climbing style

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Sport climbing is a physically demanding discipline that places repetitive mechanical load on the upper limbs, potentially leading to morphological adaptations or overuse injuries. Despite this, musculoskeletal ultrasound (USI) has been underutilized in climbing research. This study aims to investigate sex-related differences in forearm muscle and nerve morphology in climbers and to determine whether these structural features can predict climbing specialization (bouldering vs. sport climbing). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 recreational climbers (25 males, 25 females). Ultrasound imaging was used to assess the thickness of key forearm muscles (brachioradialis, pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus, pronator quadratus) and the median and radial nerves. Results: Significant sex differences were observed for all muscles and the median nerve (p < 0.001), with males exhibiting greater thickness. No differences were found for the radial nerve or between dominant and non-dominant limbs. Logistic regression identified flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) thickness as the strongest anatomical predictor of sport climbing, with each 1 mm increase in FDP thickness raising the odds of being a sport climber by 48.2%. The final model, including FDP, median nerve, and pronator teres thickness, showed excellent discriminative ability (AUC = 0.814, accuracy = 82%). Conclusions: Ultrasound-based assessments revealed robust sex-related morphological differences in climbers’ forearm musculature and median nerve. Greater FDP thickness is strongly associated with sport climbing specialization. These findings suggest that USI may be a valuable tool for profiling climbers, guiding training programs, and informing injury prevention strategies.
A phase I multiple ascending dose study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AZD0530, a highly selective, orally available, dual-specific Src-Abl kinase inhibitor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

3972 AZD0530 is a highly selective, dual-specific, orally available small molecule inhibitor of Src family kinases and Bcr-Abl. To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile a multiple ascending dose study was conducted in healthy male volunteers. Sixty volunteers were randomised in cohorts of 12 to receive AZD0530 (n=9) or placebo (n=3) as a single dose (for PK) followed by a washout period and then multiple daily dosing for up to fourteen days. Doses up to 250mg/day were administered in this manner. Adverse events have been generally mild and have included rash, flu-like symptoms, myalgia, arthalgia, headache, loose stools and raised creatinine. A summary of the PK findings is as follows: Plasma concentrations remained above the predicted IC50 for Src kinases as predicted from pre-clinical modelling. In conclusion, AZD0530 is a small molecule inhibitor of Src family kinases and Bcr-Abl. The drug is tolerated when administered in multiple daily doses up to 250mg. The PK of AZD0530 is consistent with once daily oral dosing.
Elaphoglossum madidiense M. Kessler & Mickel, Brittonia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Elaphoglossum madidiense M.Kessler & Mickel, Brittonia 58(2): 108. 2006. (Fig. 5A–F) Range: —Endemic to Bolivia (LP). Ecology: —Rare; epiphytic in humid forests; 3450–3600 m. Notes: —Most similar to E. unduaviense, from which it differs in its smaller size (leaves 2–11 cm vs. 12–60 cm long); rhizomes 0.7–1 mm thick (vs. 1.5–3.5 mm); phyllopodia 3–5 mm long (vs. 12–25 mm); lanceolate blades (vs. linear-lanceolate); and presence of whitish, peltate, ovate scales on the adaxial blade surfaces.
A Zigzag but Upward Way to Develop an HIV-1 Vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After decades of its epidemic, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is still rampant worldwide. An effective vaccine is considered to be the ultimate strategy to control and prevent the spread of HIV-1. To date, hundreds of clinical trials for HIV-1 vaccines have been tested. However, there is no HIV-1 vaccine available yet, mostly because the immune correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection are not fully understood. Currently, a variety of recombinant viruses-vectored HIV-1 vaccine candidates are extensively studied as promising strategies to elicit the appropriate immune response to control HIV-1 infection. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the immunological parameters to predict the protective efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines, and highlight the latest advances on HIV-1 vaccines based on viral vectors.