jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does the ileocolonic junction differentiate between solids and liquids?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous observations from our laboratory have suggested that colonic filling from the ileum is characterised by a series of bolus movements. The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that bolus transit of ileal contents into the colon would not distinguish between solids and liquids. After a manometric infusion assembly was positioned by mouth into the ileum of 13 healthy volunteers, a mixture of nutrients (75 kcal), incorporating a solid phase radiolabel (111In labeled resin pellets) and a liquid phase marker (99mTc-DTPA), was infused into the ileum. Transit of both labels from the ileum to colon was quantified scintigraphically and ileal motility was also recorded. When markers were infused into the proximal ileum, 100 cm proximal to the ileocolonic junction (six), there were clear cut examples of discriminant transit, when liquids moved more rapidly from the small to the large bowel than did solids. When isotopes were instilled into the distal ileum, less than 50 cm from the ileocolonic junction, no separate transit of the solid and liquid phases was observed. No specific motor pattern of the ileum was regularly associated with bolus filling of the colon. These results support the hypothesis that the distal ileum can discriminate between solids and liquids but that the ileocecal junction cannot.
Flight simulator for the study of flight profiles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report is an collaborated project between NTU and DSO National Laboratories to characterize the air to land channel in C - band. Understanding of the channel allows the communication link to be designed in a more reliable and optimal way. To attain objective of full channel characterization, the report documents the design of the flight profiles, the flight simulator – FlightGear for analysis purposes , an outdoor trial and also the analysis result of the of the CW signal. In conclusion, a guide on how to set up and configuration of the flight simulator was written in this report. Analytical findings from the trial data were discussed. Recommendation for correlation between the predicted signal strength and the actual signal strength was also documented.
Wellness Program Within Primary Health Care: How to Avoid “No Show” to Planned Appointments? – A Patient-Centred Care Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Wellness program is a service provided by Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) to deliver an exercise program dedicated to patients with unhealthy lifestyle. Failing to cancel health care appointments in advance “no show” results in a vacant appointment slot that cannot be offered to other patients, which in turn will have an adverse impact on management plan and expected health outcome measures.

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to implement a patient-centred care (PCC) program as an interventional approach to engage patients in changing behaviour and to encourage selfawareness to improve health status. Another aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an appointment reminder system (either short message service (SMS) or telephone call) on completion rate of the 12-week Wellness program.

Methods

Amongst 112 patients, 50 participants (age: 49.9 ± 12.56 years; height: 1.61 ± 0.08 m; body mass: 75.06 ± 15 kg; body mass index (BMI): 28.66 ± 3.51 kg/m2 ) completed two surveys as part of the PCC program. The first survey was regarding the appointment reminder’s method preference. Accordingly, the demanded reminder system has been implemented as per patients’ preferences and then the rate of completion of the 12-weeks-wellness-program has been compared to the months preceding the intervention to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new reminder system. Towards the end of the study, a second survey on patients’ satisfaction level with regard the new reminder system has been completed.

Results

The PCC program showed that majority of the patients were in favour of an appointment reminder system through SMS text message and telephone calls. Implementing this tool based on patient preference resulted in a high improvement of the completion rate of the Wellness program.

Conclusions

This study provides insight on the efficacy of implementing a PCC program in Wellness Centre as well as the effectiveness of an appointment reminder system in improving the completion rate of Wellness program in a primary health care facility. Completing the Wellness program may lead to improved lifestyle behaviour and health outcomes by complying with international physical activity recommendations from the American College of Exercise Medicine (ACEM) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Other Information

Published in: Physical Activity and Health
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.5334/paah.90
Supplementary Material for: Gene Expression Profiling and Functional Characterization of Macrophages in Response to Circulatory Microparticles Produced during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Chagas Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM). In this study, we determined if microparticles (MPs) generated during Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection carry the host's signature of the inflammatory/oxidative state and provide information regarding the progression of clinical disease. Methods: MPs were harvested from supernatants of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro incubated with Tc (control: LPS treated), plasma of seropositive humans with a clinically asymptomatic (CA) or symptomatic (CS) disease state (vs. normal/healthy [NH] controls), and plasma of mice immunized with a protective vaccine before challenge infection (control: unvaccinated/infected). Macrophages (mφs) were incubated with MPs, and we probed the gene expression profile using the inflammatory signaling cascade and cytokine/chemokine arrays, phenotypic markers of mφ activation by flow cytometry, cytokine profile by means of an ELISA and Bioplex assay, and oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitotoxicity by means of colorimetric and fluorometric assays. Results:Tc- and LPS-induced MPs stimulated proliferation, inflammatory gene expression profile, and nitric oxide (∙NO) release in human THP-1 mφs. LPS-MPs were more immunostimulatory than Tc-MPs. Endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, and mφs were the major source of MPs shed in the plasma of chagasic humans and experimentally infected mice. The CS and CA (vs. NH) MPs elicited >2-fold increase in NO and mitochondrial oxidative stress in THP-1 mφs; however, CS (vs. CA) MPs elicited a more pronounced and disease-state-specific inflammatory gene expression profile (IKBKB, NR3C1, and TIRAP vs. CCR4, EGR2, and CCL3), cytokine release (IL-2 + IFN-γ > GCSF), and surface markers of mφ activation (CD14 and CD16). The circulatory MPs of nonvaccinated/infected mice induced 7.5-fold and 40% increases in ∙NO and IFN-γ production, respectively, while these responses were abolished when RAW264.7 mφs were incubated with circulatory MPs of vaccinated/infected mice. Conclusion: Circulating MPs reflect in vivo levels of an oxidative, nitrosative, and inflammatory state, and have potential utility in evaluating disease severity and the efficacy of vaccines and drug therapies against CCM.
Facilitator reflections on online delivery of simulation-based mental health education during COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose During COVID-19, Maudsley Simulation successfully pivoted to fully online delivery of simulation-based education (SBE) in mental health. In migrating digitally, the simulation faculty experienced a range of new phenomena and challenges. The authors’ experiences may be transferable to other specialities and for other educator groups. By sharing the authors’ experiences, this study aims to support others adapt to online SBE. Design/methodology/approach This piece represents the authors’ collective reflections on the challenges of adapting their facilitation skills to the online environment. It also offers various suggestions on how to improve the learner experience in view of these challenges. Findings Beyond merely platform orientation and operating procedure familiarisation, the team gained insights into ensuring optimal learning, engagement and participant experience during online deliveries. Delivery of online SBE brings several potential barriers to psychological safety and these warrant careful consideration by experienced simulationists. Practical implications Optimising participant engagement and psychological safety remain key considerations despite this novel medium. Facilitators must be willing to adapt accordingly to begin delivering high-quality online SBE. Originality/value From their experience, facilitators must reframe their debriefing expectations and adjust how they engage participants and manage group dynamics given the inherently different nature of this new learning environment.
Study of grading of urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumor specimens.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study is conducted to evaluate prognostic significance of recently introduced WHO (World Health Organization) 1999 grading system for urothelial carcinoma on transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumor (TURBT) specimens reported during the period from 1996 to 2000. Progression free survival estimates were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method on SPSS software with log rank test application. Among 70 cases, progression occurred in 38 patients from which grade I were 3, grade II were 11 and grade III were 24. The mean period from diagnosis to progression was 76.8, 19.2 and 3.5 months for grade I, II, III respectively. The progression free survival rates at one year were 100% for grade I, 42% for grade II and 5% for grade III. (Log rank test: p < 0.001). WHO 1999 grading system can classify urothelial carcinomas into prognostically different groups, which is statistically significant.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum CWI 54328

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: COAH94.7.32
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: CWI 54328
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1994
Other identifiers: n/a,CWI54328, n/a,GID 159166, n/a,CID 148042 SID 0
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Prevention and Management of Complications During Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Following Comprehensive Planning: A Large Series Involving a Single Surgeon.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Assessed in terms of groups of 200 cases, the surgeon's learning curve for RALP showed significantly fewer complications even as the operative difficulty of cases increased. The keys to preventing complications were meticulous preoperative evaluation of patients, MRI planning, and a dedicated robotic team for performing RALP. Early diagnosis and management of complications are paramount in patients who present any deviation from the normal postoperative course and clinical care pathway.
Gesneria humilis Linnaeus 1753

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gesneria humilis Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 612. 1753. "Habitat in America australi." RCN: 4423. Neotype (Skog in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 29: 95. 1976): [icon] " Gesnera " in Plumier, Nov. Pl. Amer.: 27, t. 9. 1703. Generitype of Gesneria Linnaeus (vide Fritsch in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(36): 183. 1895). Current name: Gesneria humilis L. (Gesneriaceae). Note: Plumier’s plate t. 9 is illustrative for the genus in which he included three species. One of these has a spotted, fimbriate corolla (which t. 9 does not depict) but it is not possible to say which of the two remaining species it applies to. Although it is therefore not original material for this name, in the absence of any other original material, Skog’s type choice is accepted as a neotypification.
A Self-Distillation Contrastive Learning Architecture for Global and Local Underwater Terrain Feature Extraction and Matching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Terrain matching is a core component of underwater terrain-aided navigation system, which determines the accuracy of the underwater vehicle's localization. Traditional terrain matching methods are lacking in improving the matching performance by extracting effective terrain features, and the effects of sample noise and rotational changes in the measurement data on the matching precision and matching accuracy are not well addressed. This paper proposes a deep learning method for extracting global style and local detail terrain features, which yields terrain feature mappings with enhanced representational capabilities. Meanwhile, without using any sample labels and negative samples, we propose an end-to-end learning framework that combines self-distillation and contrastive learning to achieve characterization learning for two augmented samples of the same terrain data. To improve the model's ability to resist sample noise and rotational variations, we implement data augmentation by simulating measurement noise and rotational variations in underwater topographic measurements. In addition, we achieved high-precision terrain matching by comparing the abstract representations between samples rather than the terrain elevation values themselves. We have done a large number of comparison experiments with other methods, and the results show that our method has gained superior matching performance. The proposed method also enables high-precision matching of terrain data with varying sizes and resolutions, addressing the issue of limited high-resolution terrain data for training in real-world applications. Simulation test results show that our proposed method can obtain good localization accuracy in both rough and flat areas with good robustness.
Causation, Action, and Free Will

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Many issues at the heart of the philosophy of action and of philosophical work on free will are framed partly in terms of causation. The leading approach to understanding both the nature of action and the explanation or production of actions emphasizes causation. What may be termed standard causalism is the conjunction of the following two theses: firstly, an event's being an action depends on how it was caused; and secondly, proper explanations of actions are causal explanations. Important questions debated in the literature on free will include: is an action's being deterministically caused incompatible with its being freely performed? Are actions free only if they are indeterministically caused? Does the indeterministic causation of an action preclude its being freely performed? Does free action require agent causation? This article concentrates on issues about action and free will that centrally involve causation.
DISMISSALS BECAUSE OF ENTERPRISE NECESSITIES AND THE ANSWER OF THE INSURANCE MARKET. THE PARALLEL BETWEEN COLOMBIAN AND SPANISH LEGISLATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is research advancement stemming from the project “Layoffs Attending the Company Needs and Response of the Insurance Market”.It examines the legal figure of layoffs, resulting from the necessities of Spanish and Colombian companies whom, after the economic deficit produced by the 2008 crisis, could not survive in the market. In Spain, for instance, the government has modified the Workers’ Statute to reduce the burden on the companies and to ensure the survival of companies within the national and global economy. Moreover, the economic crisis has also resulted in unemployment, business closures and the economic downturn has caused an increase in the unemployed population, which is why there has been an increase in government policies addressing unemployment and improved worker’s benefits. In Colombia, although the global economic crisis has not had an impact similar to that in Spain, the country has been carrying an unemployment index due to the economic crisis, however, Colombian Law exercises collective dismissal and not dismissal based on company needs. The unemployment risk that we have been referring to has been covered by public insurance through social security in Spain. In Colombia, however, protection for circumstancesin which workers are laid off is missing legal framework.
Indirect effects of low-impact thinning on insect communities in forest floor of coniferous plantations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To reveal the effects of low-impact thinning of coniferous planted forests on insects’ diversity, we investigated the relationship among cover degree and the number of plant species and the number of insect species in eight functional groups of herbivorous beetles, ants and carabid beetles at 63 sites of Japanese cedar and cypress which were thinned or unthinned and located in the middle of Japan. We found that when low thinning was applied to approximately 30% of the stand density, the number of plant species increased from the following year, and cover degree moderately increased in the years following thinning, although canopy openness did not significantly change. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the number of herbivorous beetle species increased with the cover degree increment of feeding-intended plants (woody-plants and herbs/vines) in the 4–8 years after thinning. The number of species of woody-plant feeding beetles also increased with an increase in the number of herb/vine plant species. For ant species, the number of habitat generalist species increased in the 4–8 years after thinning or with cover degree increment, although no response was observed in woodland specialist and open-habitat specialist species. For carabid beetle species, only the number of large-size species, not including open-habitat specialists, increased with cover degree increment. It was considered that there were moderate, and yet sustainable, positive effects of low-impact thinning on species diversity of forest-floor-inhabiting insects via understory vegetation increment with a lag-time, and no promotion of migration of non-forest-habitat ant and carabid beetle species.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parenting of Children From Birth to 12 Years

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Maternal depression, especially in the early years of child development, affects parenting behaviors that have been repeatedly linked to poor outcomes in children. However, recurrent maternal depression may be a more potent predictor of parenting than depression that only occurs in the early years. Longitudinal population data were used to examine the influence of depression in the first 2 years postpartum alone or in combination with recurrent episodes of depression on self-reported parenting behaviors known to influence children’s development. Growth curve hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the relationships among depression in the early years, recurrent depression, and parenting during children’s first 12 years of life. Findings revealed that 63% of the depressed mothers reported recurrent episodes of depression. Self-reported parenting behaviors characterized by positive forms of discipline, firmness, and consistency were related to recurrent episodes of depression, whereas warmth and nurturant parenting behaviors were unaffected by recurrent episodes.
Gastrointestinal Disease in Malnourished Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In communities where malnutrition is common, gastrointestinal diseases are prominent and contribute largely to unfavourable morbidity and mortality statistics. Patterns of gastrointestinal disease were studied in two such cotnmunities; Aboriginal children in Western Australia and children admitted to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta.Two hundred and fifty one (251) young Aborigines were studied. Forty percent of them malnourished, 37% were anaemic and more than 50% had enteric pathogens in their stools. Sugar intolerance was also common (25%). Similar clinical features are seen in the children from Jakarta but more severe forms of malnutrition and gross vitamin deficiency occurred more often.Thirteen of the Aboriginal children died; at necropsy the most remarkable finding wass fatty infiltration of the liver which some cases was extreme. This, of course, is characteristic of protein-calorie malnutrition add has been well documented in other studies. Other pathological findings included severe purulent infections, septic infarcts, haemolysis, acanthocytosis, thrombocytopenia and vascular catastrophes.
Effects of fancy job titles on recruitment success for the information technology industry.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the effect of fancy job titles on recruitment success of Information Technology (IT) Working Professionals and Tertiary Students who are currently majoring in IT-related courses. In addition, working experience in IT-related fields was used as an operationalization to investigate if there is a moderator effect of job titles on recruitment success. The research was conducted on two different groups of respondents: Working Professionals and Tertiary Students. The respondents were asked to fill up a questionnaire on a particular job in the IT industry. Besides the job titles and job descriptions, other details such as the organization name and work location were omitted to control for biasness. The respondents were requested to read about a scenario and then answer several questions on Job Attractiveness, Job Prestige and Job Acceptance. Findings indicate that fancy job titles have an impact on Job Attractiveness. However, the effect on Job Prestige and Job Acceptance was not significant. Implications for recruitment purposes and future research were also discussed.
What Reverses Decentralization? Failed Policy Implementation, Civic Supporters, or Central Bureaucrats’ Expertise? The Case of Brazil’s AIDS Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues that Brazil’s success in responding to the AIDS epidemic rested in the government’s pursuit of a reversal of decentralization, which entailed the government’s delegation of policy-making autonomy, funding, and discretionary fiscal transfers to the national AIDS program. AIDS bureaucrats achieved this by establishing close partnerships with social health movements and AIDS nongovernmental organizations advocating policy ideas with a historically proven track record of success while resembling similar social health movements in the past. This partnership, in turn, provided AIDS bureaucrats with the legitimacy and influenced needed for policy reform.
Analysis of UrbanSim as it relates to educational goals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines a commonly used UrbanSim scenario as it relates to its stated educational goals. Additionally, this paper discusses, in general terms, a model to assess the effectiveness of simulation/game tools in education. The research method used was primarily working with the common UrbanSim scenario through multiple runs with various student approaches to the problem. Then an analysis was conducted of UrbanSim and the selected scenario to the stated educational goals. This analysis concludes that UrbanSim meets some of the educational goals, but does not adequately reward good student decisions nor sufficiently penalize poor student decisions.