jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Personality characteristics of addicts at the second stage of alcoholism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ЛИЧНОСТНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ БОЛЬНЫХ АЛКОГОЛИЗМОМ ВТОРОЙ СТАДИИН. Г. Борок (Санкт-Петербург, Россия), М. А. Суботялов (Новосибирск, Россия) В последние годы все чаще вопрос реабилитации больных алкоголизмом сдвигается из медико-биологической в социально-психологическую область.В связи с этим острее встает тема ключевых различий в личности здоровых людей и зависимых, т. к. только опираясь на эти данные, мы можем выстраивать реабилитационные программы.Целью проведенного исследования было выявление личностных особенностей людей с алкогольной аддикцией методами психологической диагностики.Для исследования в экспериментальную группу были отобраны мужчины с диагнозом алкоголизм второй стадии, в контрольную группуздоровые мужчины, не имеющие в анамнезе алкоголизма.В качестве методов диагностики были использованы психологические методики для диагностики уровня субъективного контроля, тревожности, уровня социальной фрустрированности, защитных механизмов и самооценки.Анализ результатов показал ключевые различия между пациентами наркологического диспансера и контрольной выборкой.Значение локуса контроля у больных алкоголизмом ниже на 69 %, чем у здоровых людей.В контрольной выборке выявлен интернальный локус контроля.В диапазон «оптимального» уровня притязаний попадает всего 19 % пациентов, больных алкоголизмом.Эти данные свидетельствует о незрелости личности, неумении ставить реальные цели, нежелании развиваться.Наличие ведущих механизмов защиты сигнализирует об отказе личности от продуктивного разрешения ситуации.У пациентов уровень социальной фрустрированности выше, чем у здоровых людей на 51 %
Towards a zero-output impedance UPS system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A categorization of loads requiring clean uninterruptible power is provided, a thorough analysis of their effects is given, and presently used partial solutions are examined. The topology of a low-impedance 3- phi high-power inverter stage, designed to alleviate substantially the current difficulties faced by interruptible power supplies (UPSs) when dealing with unbalanced and/or nonlinear loads, is described. On the basis of theoretical and extensive experimental results, it is concluded that the low-output-impedance 3- phi UPS presented performs well under both unbalanced and nonlinear load application.< >
Opioid Prescribing After Surgical Extraction of Teeth in Medicaid Patients, 2000-2010

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Opioid abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States 1,2 and often begins with a prescription for a pain medication.Dentists are among the leading prescribers of opioid analgesics, 3 and surgical tooth extraction is one of the most frequently performed dental procedures.Surveys suggest that dental practitioners commonly prescribe opioids following this procedure, 4 despite evidence that a combination of nonsteroidal medications and acetaminophen may provide more effective analgesia for postextraction pain. 5Little information is available on nationwide patterns of opioid prescribing following tooth extraction.
Changes in cortical protein markers of iron transport with gender, major depressive disorder and suicide

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether a breakdown in proteins regulating cortical iron homeostasis could be involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Methods: Levels of select proteins responsible for cortical iron transport were quantitated by Western blotting of Brodmann’s (BA) areas 6 and 10 from patients with major depressive disorder (n = 13), bipolar disorder (n = 12) and age/sex matched controls (n = 13). Results: We found the inactive form of ceruloplasmin was lower in BA 6 from males compared to females. Levels of copper containing ceruloplasmin was lower in BA 6 from suicide completers whilst levels of amyloid precursor protein, TAU and transferrin were higher in BA 10 from those individuals. The level of prion protein was lower in BA 6 from subjects with major depressive disorder. Conclusions: Our data suggests that perturbation in cortical iron transport proteins is not prevalent in mood disorders. By contrast, our data suggests changes in iron transport proteins in BA 6 and BA 10 are present after suicide completion. If these changes were present before death, they could have had a role in the genesis of the contemplation and completion of suicide.
Luminescence in Rare Earth Activated AlPO<sub>4</sub> Phosphor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Rare earth activated AlPO4 phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reactions and the completion of the synthesis was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Under near-ultraviolet (nUV) light, the Eu3+ emission in AlPO4 consists of the transitions from 5D0 to 7FJ shows orange/red region and the AlPO4 :Dy3+ phosphor shows an efficient blue and yellow band emissions, which originates from the 4F9/26H15/2 and 4F9/26H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ ion. The excitation spectra of the phosphors are extending from 300 to 400 nm, which are characteristics of nUV excited LED. The effect of the Eu3+ and Dy3+ concentration on the luminescence properties of AlPO4 phosphors is also studied.
Operative Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The explosion of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery in the past 7 years has resulted in a plethora of books on the subject as newer techniques and modifications of early techniques have been developed. This book is an extensive compilation of the latest techniques, with indications for the procedure and some attempts at economic impacts added. The editors are no strangers to endoscopic revolution, because they were part of the flexible endoscopic revolution in the 1980s. This text and atlas addresses every area of the laparoscopic and thoracoscopic revolution and is a well-done job. Every section is thorough, and the format is consistent throughout the text. After the preliminary chapters on general considerations, each subsequent chapter begins with a brief statement about the subject, followed by sections on anatomy, preoperative planning, intraoperative technique, complications, and conclusions. Descriptions of technique are thorough and allow both the novice and experienced endoscopic surgeon to
Collaborative Bearing Estimation Using Set Membership Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of collaborative bearing estimation using a method with historic roots in set theoretic estimation techniques. We refer to this method as the Convex Combination Ellipsoid (CCE) method and show that it provides a less conservative covariance estimate than the well known Covariance Intersection (CI) method. The CCE method does not introduce additional uncertainty that was not already present in the prior estimates. Using our proposed approach for collaborative bearing estimation, the nonlinearity of the bearing measurement is captured as an uncertainty ellipsoid thereby avoiding the need for linearization or approximation via sampling procedures. Simulations are undertaken to evaluate the relative performance of the collaborative bearing estimation solution using the proposed (CCE) and typical (CI) methods.
Chunking and Compound Cueing of Movement Sequences: Learning, Retention, and Transfer

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When teaching a complex sequence, the sequence is often chunked into components; however, this strategy may not always benefit learning, but may be detrimental. The hypothesis is that this occurs because chunking deprives learners of compound cues that could aid recall. To test this, participants learned 9-item movement sequences, either as three 3-item chunks or as one 9-item series. To undermine compound cueing, some sequences had several movements in common. Learning a sequence in chunks impaired motor skill acquisition only when participants could have exploited compound cues; it also led participants to adopt an alternative recall strategy, which transferred to novel sequences even though this was detrimental to recall.
[The characteristics of postloading bronchospasm in bronchial asthma patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study of 73 patients suffering of asthma bronchiale with postloading bronchospasm and 20 without bronchospasm indicates that most pronounced bronchoconstriction after physical loads appears on the 15-20 minute in atopic asthma and asthma of physical exertion and by the 5-10 min. in infectious-allergic form of the disease. It is recommended to use MEF75, MEF50 and MEF25 as a diagnostic criterion of postloading bronchospasm.
3D Natural Fracture Prediction Using Integrated Method of Structural Restoration and Geomechanical Forward Modelling: Case Study in South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Naturally fractured reservoir has important role in oil and gas development in onshore South Sumatra Basin Indonesia. There are several fields in Indonesia have hydrocarbon (oil or gas) potential in this type of reservoir. One of the fields is Northeast Betara operated by PetroChina International Jabung Ltd. The Northeast Betara structure consists of a basement high with tertiary burial that has been inverted due to compressive stresses during Late Miocene – Pliocene. The company plans to develop Lower Talang Akar Formation (LTAF) conglomeratic sand reservoir of Northeast Betara field which is believed to be naturally fractured. Well-B was drilled targeting conglomerate and fractured basement reservoir in the field. Unfortunately, even the Well-B intersected more fractures, the hydrocarbon test result was under expectation compared to previous Well-A 5 Km away, which encountered similar reservoir but shows better production test. Due to productivity discrepancy, this study is conducted to answer this issue by predicting natural fracture distribution across the field. An integrated structural restoration and geomechanical forward modelling is carried out thoroughly in order to better target the next well intersecting productive fractures. Structural restoration with finite element method provides layer geometries from initial deposition to the present day enabling explicit coupling with Stress Simulation engine at each geological time. Forward modelling could then be achieved by applying strain boundary conditions at the base of the model using known differential vertical displacement from one geological time to the next and lateral strain at the vertical boundaries of the model. Geomechanical forward modelling (GFM) simulates the evolution of structures of a geomechanical model from deposition up to present day and captures the geomechanical details with geological time. The main result of the study is plastic shear strains across the field, which subsequently converted into fracture density with orientation and inclination and can delineate the location of productive fractures. The fracture planes are defined by orientation and inclination matched over >85% of the observed fractures in the wells. Simulation results suggest that most fractures in the location of Well-A in the field are critically stressed and therefore expected to have better hydrocarbon production potential. This paper showcases approach of advanced geomechanical technique to predict 3D natural fracture distribution using existing data. The result will be used as reference to determine further development strategy.
Exploring the efficacy of ether-based ignition enhancers for implementation of (M) ethanol mixing-controlled compression ignition combustion

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Methanol and ethanol are a promising alternative to fossil fuels for the decarbonization of the off-road sectors. Although (m)ethanol are typically seen as fuels for spark ignition engines, mixing-controlled compression ignition (MCCI) combustion is typically preferred in most off-road and medium-and heavy-duty. However, low ignitability presents a major challenge. Blending reactive ignition enhancers, such as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), has enabled stable MCCI operation at 1200 rpm & 3.91 bar IMEPn and 1600 rpm & 8.55 bar IMEPn. However, the nitrate group in EHN adversely affects NOx emissions, leading to an 80.9% increase in engine-out NOx compared to non-nitrate enhancers. Conversely, ether-based molecules show significant potential as ignition enhancers due to their high reactivity, and they can be directly produced from renewable sources. To evaluate their effectiveness, experiments and chemical kinetic simulations were performed using ANSYS CHEMKIN-PRO; and results were compared against previous data obtained with EHN. Compared to case with 7% vol EHN, achieving similar ignition characteristics required significantly higher concentrations of ether-based enhancers up to 55% vol DME and 35% vol DEE. This is attributed to the limited effectiveness of the methyl, ethyl, and H radicals produced by ethers in promoting alcohol combustion, compared to the highly reactive OH radicals generated by EHN. Moreover, ethers formed radicals late during the ignition delay time whereas EHN decomposed rapidly, thereby limiting the effect of ethers on (m)ethanol reactivity. Results suggested that it may be more advantageous to introduce ether-based ignition enhancers separately into the cylinder using a dual-fuel (m)ethanol/ether combustion strategy. This approach required only less than 10% energy-equivalent ethers addition to achieve stable ignition, which is even lower than the 11.6% energy-equivalent EHN addition required in the blend-fuel mode. Compression-ignition of port-injected ethers led to high-reactivity in-cylinder conditions to enable ignition of direct-injected (m)ethanol, providing a viable approach for (m)ethanol MCCI combustion.
His bundle pacing, learning curve, procedure characteristics, safety, and feasibility: Insights from a large international observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background His‐bundle pacing (HBP) provides physiological ventricular activation. Observational studies have demonstrated the techniques’ feasibility; however, data have come from a limited number of centers. Objectives We set out to explore the contemporary global practice in HBP focusing on the learning curve, procedural characteristics, and outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective, multicenter observational study of patients undergoing attempted HBP at seven centers. Pacing indication, fluoroscopy time, HBP thresholds, and lead reintervention and deactivation rates were recorded. Where centers had systematically recorded implant success rates from the outset, these were collated. Results A total of 529 patients underwent attempted HBP during the study period (2014‐19) with a mean follow‐up of 217 ± 303 days. Most implants were for bradycardia indications. In the three centers with the systematic collation of all attempts, the overall implant success rate was 81%, which improved to 87% after completion of 40 cases. All seven centers reported data on successful implants. The mean fluoroscopy time was 11.7 ± 12.0 minutes, the His‐bundle capture threshold at implant was 1.4 ± 0.9 V at 0.8 ± 0.3 ms, and it was 1.3 ± 1.2 V at 0.9 ± 0.2 ms at last device check. HBP lead reintervention or deactivation (for lead displacement or rise in threshold) occurred in 7.5% of successful implants. There was evidence of a learning curve: fluoroscopy time and HBP capture threshold reduced with greater experience, plateauing after approximately 30‐50 cases. Conclusion We found that it is feasible to establish a successful HBP program, using the currently available implantation tools. For physicians who are experienced at pacemaker implantation, the steepest part of the learning curve appears to be over the first 30‐50 cases.
CP-083 Persistence of firstline biological agents among psoriasis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Biological based therapies, such as subcutaneous anti-tumour necrosis factor α, including etanercept or adalimumab, or ustekinumab, an agent which targets interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-13 cytokines, has greatly improved treatment of psoriasis. Medication persistence, defined as 'the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy', is an important element in determining the success of any long term therapy.

Purpose

To evaluate the persistence of firstline adalimumab, etanercept and ustekinumab in psoriasis.

Material and methods

Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study. All adult psoriasis (Pso) patients treated with etanercept, adalimumab and ustekinumab as a firstline biological treatment were included. Persistence was calculated as the number of days from the index prescription to the date of the final dispensing or end of the observation period (September 2015). Persistence was also calculated as a dichotomous variable measured at the end of the first, second and third years of therapy (calculated over patients who started treatment 1, 2 or 3 years before the analysis, respectively). For analysis of persistence, a survival analysis with the Kaplan–Meier estimator was used. Cox regression was used to compare persistence between different drugs, and the hazard ratio was calculated. Data were collected from medical and drug dispensation records (Farmatools). Data management and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics v.15.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA).

Results

124 patients were included (38.7% etanercept, 41.9% adalimumab and 19.4% ustekinumab). Mean ± SD age was 52.1 ± 14.5 years. 69.4% were male. Persistence rates at the first, second and third years of treatment were 83.0%, 75.0% and 60.5% for etanercept, 63.3%, 54.3% and 48.8% for adalimumab, and 90.5%, 91.8% and 88.9% for ustekinumab. Hazard ratios for comparisons were 0.20 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.84; p = 0,028) for ustekinumab versus etanercept, 0.18 (95% CI 0.045 to 0.77; p = 0.028) for ustekinumab versus adalimumab and 1.10 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.88; p = 0.720) for adalimumab versus etanercept. Estimated mean persistence time was 1.798 ± 205,1.525 ± 173 and 1.889 ± 106 days for etanercept, adalimumab and ustekinumab, respectively.

Conclusion

Persistence was greater in Pso patients treated with ustekinumab than those achieved with etanercept or adalimumab. Time to discontinuation was similar between adalimumab and etanercept. Less than 50% of adalimumab patients persisted by the third year. No conflict of interest.
Fractures after Hemialloplastic Hip Replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-four patients sustaining ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures after hemialloplastic hip replacements are evaluated according to risk factors for the fractures, treatment and social costs. The fracture incidence was 0.10, and almost half of the fractures occurred within 1 year after the initial alloplastic operation. Possible factors increasing the risk of secondary fracture included loosening of the prosthesis (eight cases), osteoporosis (14 cases), varus angulation of the femoral stem (28 cases), calcar resorption (nine cases), major capsular calcifications (four cases), and cortical defects at the tip of the stem (three cases). The importance of correct insertion of the prostheses is emphasized. The degree of mobilization after fracture healing was overall reduced and most pronounced with increasing age and not correlated to treatment. The earliest mobilization was obtained in patients treated with long-stem prostheses supplemented with internal fixation, and this method of treatment is advocated.
Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance of Poacynum hendersonii to Melampsora apocyni

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rust disease caused by Melampsora apocyni seriously affects the growth of Poacynum hendersonii. However, the defense mechanisms against rust infection remain unclear. This study explored the regulatory mechanisms of P. hendersonii in response to rust disease through combined physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that with the increase in disease severity, the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased significantly, while the antioxidant and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities progressively increased. Mild infection triggered an 11.9-fold surge in salicylic acid levels and a sharp decline in abscisic acid compared to controls, as well as increased synthesis of total phenolics, total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, and astragalin. Transcriptome analysis showed that the “plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” pathways were significantly up-regulated in the mild infection stage, while “glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation and ABC transporters” were activated in the severe infection stage. In summary, P. hendersonii regulates energy metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism through salicylic acid signaling and promotes the accumulation of secondary metabolites and the lignification process of leaves, thereby enhancing rust resistance. Key enzyme genes (COMT, POD, CAD, F5H) and metabolites (chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, rutin) can be used as important targets for disease resistance breeding. Our research provides important reference for the prevention and control of M. apocyni in P. hendersonii.
A Comparative Study of Techniques for Bone Age Assessment using Image Processing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Bone age assessment is an innovation which empowers us to determination the age bone with the help PC picture preparing and assessment of the computerized perceptions.In this review paper we have reviewed various methods for bone age assessment like active shape modeling random forest regression method, Greulich & Pyle method, Tanner and Whitehouse method and RUS method with their advantages and disadvantages.All of the above methods provide effective assistance in processing phase of the bone age assessment.
DNA corona on nanoparticles leads to an enhanced immunostimulatory effect with implications for autoimmune diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are highly complex, limiting treatment and the development of new therapies. Recent work has shown that cell-free DNA bound to biological microparticles is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus, a prototypic autoimmune disease. However, the heterogeneity and technical challenges associated with the study of biological particles have hindered a mechanistic understanding of their role. Our goal was to develop a well-controlled DNA–particle model system to understand how DNA–particle complexes affect cells. We first characterized the adsorption of DNA on the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles (200 nm and 2 µm) using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and colorimetric DNA concentration assays. We found that DNA adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles was resistant to degradation by DNase 1. Macrophage cells incubated with the DNA–nanoparticle complexes had increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). We probed two intracellular DNA sensing pathways, toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING), to determine how cells sense the DNA–nanoparticle complexes. We found that the cGAS-STING pathway is the primary route for the interaction between DNA–nanoparticles and macrophages. These studies provide a molecular and cellular-level understanding of DNA–nanoparticle–macrophage interactions. In addition, this work provides the mechanistic information necessary for future in vivo experiments to elucidate the role of DNA–particle interactions in autoimmune diseases, providing a unique experimental framework to develop novel therapeutic approaches.