jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Nepali Migrants in India: An Empirical Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the status of Nepali migrants in Delhi-NCR, India. Due to open border, shorter distance and long-established social network, migration from Nepal to India has been unending. India has been an origin and destination country for large numbers of migrants. A treaty in 1950, between Nepal and India facilitates movement between Nepal and India. This paper analyzed the nature and pattern of migrants’ employment, education, social network, and causes of migration. Nevertheless, the improved income level, the condition of most of the migrant workers is deplorable, most of them are staying together in either poor rented houses or at slums with sharing rooms without proper provision of hygienic sanitation. Social networks are the major entry point for getting jobs, shelter and loans and for saving money. Nepali migrants in Delhi are working for basic survival rather than improvement in their living standards.
A Glycine-rich RNA-binding Protein Mediating Cold-inducible Suppression of Mammalian Cell Growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. In response to low ambient temperature, mammalian cells as well as microorganisms change various physiological functions, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations are just beginning to be understood. We report here the isolation of a mouse cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (cirp) cDNA and investigation of its role in cold-stress response of mammalian cells. The cirp cDNA encoded an 18-kD protein consisting of an amino-terminal RNAbinding domain and a carboxyl-terminal glycine-rich domain and exhibited structural similarity to a class of stress-induced RNA-binding proteins found in plants. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that CIRP was localized in the nucleoplasm of BALB/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. When the culture temperature was lowered
THE STRATEGIC INSTRUMENTALIZATION OF LAND TENURE IN ‘STATE-BUILDING’: THE CASE OF JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Debates over land tenure have been instrumental to state-building in South Sudan since the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). Focusing on the local dynamics of post-conflict reconstruction in the town of Juba, this article argues that amidst the political and institutional change inaugurated by the transition from war to peace, debates over land provided a basis for the negotiation of the South Sudanese state. Actors at a variety of levels employed competing interpretations of rights to land as state-building strategies – as tools towards promoting particular visions of the state and of citizenship.
Production, Characterization and Corrosion Analysis of Multiphase Alloy-Ceramic Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study addressed the possible use of alloy/ceramic composite waste forms to immobilize metallic and oxide waste streams generated during the electrochemical reprocessing of spent reactor fuel using a single waste form. A representative composite material (AOC410) was made to evaluate the microstructure and corrosion behavior at alloy/ceramic interfaces by reacting 410 stainless steel with Zr, Mo, and a mixture of lanthanide oxides. Zr metal reacted with lanthanide oxides to generate lanthanide zirconates, which combined with the unreacted lanthanide oxides to form a porous ceramic network that filled with alloy to produce a composite puck. Alloy present in excess of the pore volume of the ceramic generated a metal bead on top of the puck. The alloys in the composite and forming the bead were both mixtures of martensite grains and ferrite grains bearing carbide precipitates; FeCrMo intermetallic phases also precipitated at ferrite grain boundaries within the composite puck. Micrometer-thick regions of ferrite surrounding the carbides were sensitized and corroded preferentially in electrochemical tests. The lanthanide oxides dissolved chemically, but the lanthanide zirconates did not dissolve and are suitable host phases. The presence of oxide phases did not affect corrosion of the neighboring alloy phases. The effects of added Ru and Pd on the microstructure and electrochemical behaviour of a composite material (AOC410N) made by melting those metals with AISI 410 stainless steel, Zr, Mo, and lanthanide oxides were assessed using electrochemical and microscopic methods. The noble metals alloyed with the steel to provide solid solution strengthening and inhibit carbide/nitride formation. A passive film formed during electrochemical tests in acidic NaCl solution, but became less effective as corrosion progressed and regions over the intermetallics eventually failed.\nA U-bearing composite (AOCU) was made for corrosion testing by reacting HT9 steel to represent fuel cladding, Zr and Mo to simulate metallic fuel waste, and a mixture of ZrO2, Nd2O3, and UO2 to represent oxide wastes. The Nd2O3 and some of the uranium reacted with Zr to form zirconates and the remaining uranium was reduced and incorporated in Fe-Zr-U intermetallics. Two Fe-Cr-Mo intermetallics also formed, which are expected to host Tc. The results of microstructure characterizations of the intermetallic and ceramic phases that were generated and tests conducted to evaluate their corrosion behaviors will be presented. Test results suggest composite waste forms will provide flexibility for immobilizing complex waste streams by accommodating both metallic and oxidized waste streams in durable host phases while lowering waste form production and disposal costs.
Tradition, Colonialism and Modernity: Women's Health in Goa, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article documents practices related to pregnancy and childbirth among the Gauda tribal community in Goa, a south-western state of India. The Portuguese colonizer intro duced a 'scientific credo' in every sphere of life, including health, for reasons of ideological supremacy, moral justification, and social legitimacy. There was a well-orchestrated effort on the part of the Portuguese to phase out the traditional system of healing in order to replace it with a western system. However, traditional beliefs and health-related practices persist, albeit often in 'modified' forms. Two possible reasons are forwarded for this per sistence: first, traditional beliefs and practices are indicative of their role in identity for mation for this community; and second, traditional health and healing are practised by women.1
[Thickness of the muscle layer of the gastroepiploic artery and the internal mammary artery--a presumable factor of flow instability in GEA during the perioperative period].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These results support the assumption that the RGEA reacts strongly than the IMA to constructor agents and physical stimuli, thereby inducing a greater instability of blood flow. Therefore, RGEA grafts should be carefully handled during bypass grafting.
Potential Impact of PCB's on Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, Management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Since 1979, anglers along the U.S. Atlantic coast have landed by weight more bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, than any other marine species. A fishery management plan has been developed jointly by three fishery management councils and the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission to preserve the bluefish resource. Major objectives of the plan include prevention of recruitment overfishing and reduction in waste of bluefish. In 1985, a Federal survey found PCB concentrations in larger bluefish (over 500 mm fork length) that exceeded the U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance level of 2 parts per million. Harvest strategies are presented in this article to protect the reproductive capability of bluefish while minimizing human health risks associated with dietary intake of PCB's.
INJECTION TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: —I was much interested in the editorial (The Journal, May 14, p. 1571), on Injection Treatment of Varicose Veins, which reported Lomholt's fatal case of pulmonary embolism. I have successfully treated more than a hundred patients by the injection method in the last five years, and have always assumed that embolism was a mechanical impossibility in these cases on account of the extreme toughness and firm adherence of the chemically induced thrombi. The extreme degree and persistence of the acute inflammatory reaction in the injected veins in Lomholt's case suggests that the thrombi had become infected by pyogenic bacteria in the blood stream, perhaps from abscessed teeth or other foci. I have always insisted on the eradication of all foci of infection before injecting any varicose veins, and my occasional neglect of this precaution has usually been followed by a severe inflammatory reaction. Possibly, Lomholt followed
Fasting Serum Free Fatty Acids and Triglycerides are Increased Before 20 Weeks of Gestation in Women who Later Develop Preeclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The null hypothesis of this study was that there was no difference in fasting serum concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) before 20 weeks of gestation in women who later develop preeclampsia, compared to women with uneventful pregnancies.Methods: Healthy primigravida, n = 510, provided fasting blood samples at 16-18 weeks of gestation. Nineteen of these later developed preeclampsia. Nineteen matched controls were selected from the remaining 491 individuals. Blood samples were also obtained from 16 patients with manifest preeclampsia and from 16 control women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Concentrations of FFA and TG, and the lipolytic activity in maternal serum were measured.Results: In patients with manifest preeclampsia, serum levels of FFA and TG, and lipolytic activity were significantly increased compared to women with normal pregnancies. The group of 19 women who later developed preeclampsia had higher serum FFA and TG concentrations at 16-18 weeks of gestation compared to a matched control group: FFA 0.50 0.15 vs. 0.34 0.11 mmol/L (P < 0.001) and TG 1.3 0.5 vs. 0.9 0.3 mmol/L (P = 0.003).Conclusion: We provide for the first time evidence that fasting serum free fatty acids and triglycerides are increased before 20 weeks of gestation in women who later develop preeclampsia.
π‑Stacking, C–H/π, and Halogen\nBonding Interactions in Bromobenzene and Mixed Bromobenzene–Benzene\nClusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Noncovalent interactions play an\nimportant role in many chemical\nand biochemical processes. Building upon our recent study of the homoclusters\nof chlorobenzene, where π–π stacking and CH/π\ninteractions were identified as the most important binding motifs,\nin this work we present a study of bromobenzene (PhBr) and mixed bromobenzene–benzene\nclusters. Electronic spectra in the region of the PhBr monomer S<sub>0</sub>–S<sub>1</sub> (ππ*) transition were obtained\nusing resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) methods combined with\ntime-of-flight mass analysis. As previously found for related systems,\nthe PhBr cluster spectra show a broad feature whose center is red-shifted\nfrom the monomer absorption, and electronic structure calculations\nindicate the presence of multiple isomers and Franck–Condon\nactivity in low-frequency intermolecular modes. Calculations at the\nM06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ level find in total eight minimum energy structures\nfor the PhBr dimer: four π-stacked structures differing in the\nrelative orientation of the Br atoms (denoted D1–D4), one T-shaped\nstructure (D5), and three halogen bonded structures (D6–D8).\nThe calculated binding energies of these complexes, corrected for\nbasis set superposition error (BSSE) and zero-point energy (ZPE),\nare in the range of −6 to −24 kJ/mol. Time-dependent\ndensity functional theory (TDDFT) calculations predict that these\nisomers absorb over a range that is roughly consistent with the breadth\nof the experimental spectrum. To examine the influence of dipole–dipole\ninteraction, R2PI spectra were also obtained for the mixed PhBr···benzene\ndimer, where the spectral congestion is reduced and clear vibrational\nstructure is observed. This structure is well-simulated by Franck–Condon\ncalculations that incorporate the lowest frequency intermolecular\nmodes. Calculations find four minimum energy structures for the mixed\ndimer and predict that the binding energy of the global minimum is\nreduced by ∼30% relative to the global minimum PhBr dimer structure.
Radioresistance of Cells Responsible for Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions in the Mouse

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The cells responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reactivity in the mouse act in a radioresistant fashion only if such irradiated cells are injected directly into the site of antigen challenge. Intravenous transfer of irradiated, primed spleen cells does not achieve a transfer of sensitivity to show delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. Transfer of sensitivity by the intravenous route can be effected by injection of non-irradiated spleen cells from primed mice.
TCR-stimulated naive human CD4+ 45RO- T cells develop into effector cells that secrete IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, but no IL-4, and help efficient IgE production by B cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract It is currently believed that IgE production by B cells is induced by activated CD4+ Th2-like cells that produce increased amounts of IL-4 but low levels of IFN-gamma. We found that "naive" CD4+ 45RO- T cells primed and restimulated in vitro via the TCR developed into effector cells that produced large amounts of IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, but no IL-4. Such CD4 T cells induced surface IgD+E- B cells to produce large amounts of IgE. The IgE response could be blocked completely by neutralizing anti-IL-13 Abs, whereas anti-IL-4 had no effect. Addition of exogenous IL-4 during priming of CD4 cells suppressed clonal expansion and the development of Th cells including helpers for IgE, but increased endogenous production of IL-4 and IL-5, and suppressed production of IFN-gamma. Addition of exogenous IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, or neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAbs affected neither priming of CD4 T cells nor B cell help. In contrast to CD4+ 45RO- naive T cells, CD4+ 45RO+ "memory" T cells primed and restimulated in vitro secreted IL-4 in addition to IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, and the IgE response induced by such cells could be blocked only by a combination of anti-IL-4 plus anti-IL-13 Abs. Unlike CD4 cells, CD8 cells could not be primed to help IgE production. The results indicate that TCR/CD3 cross-linking on naive human CD4 T cells is sufficient to induce the development of potent IgE helper cells, which secrete large amounts of IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, but no IL-4. Such Th cells may exacerbate atopic inflammation, because all by themselves they could drive IL-13-dependent IgE production, IL-5-dependent eosinophilia, and IFN-gamma-dependent macrophage activation, but could not suppress IFN-gamma production by other T cells via IL-4.
Phase‐Field Model of Electrothermal Breakdown in Flexible High‐Temperature Nanocomposites under Extreme Conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polymer‐based dielectrics are attracting increasing attention due to their high‐density energy storage. However, mitigating the heat generation in real capacitors has been a challenge. Here an electrothermal breakdown phase‐field model is developed to fundamentally understand the thermal effects on the dielectric breakdown of polymer‐based dielectrics in real capacitor configurations including the increase in the dielectric loss and the decrease in the breakdown strength. While both enhancing the thermal conductivity and reducing the electrical conductivity of the polymer nanocomposites can reduce the thermal effects, it is found that reducing the electrical conductivity is more effective. This work is expected to not only stimulate attention to the thermal effects in polymer‐based dielectrics but also provide a fundamental guidance to mitigate the heat‐induced deterioration of breakdown strength.
Measurement of Subcutaneous Impedance by Four-Electrode Method at Acupoints Located with Single-Power Alternative Current

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A Single-Power Alternating Current (SPAC) instrument was used to measure the low-impedance acupoints around Ho-Ku (LI-4), Yang-Hsi (LI-5), Yang-Ch'ih (TB-4), Yang-Ku (SI-5), T'ai-Yuan (Lu-9), Ta-Lung (EH-7) and Shen-Men (He-7). A four-electrode instrument was used to measure the subcutaneous impedance at these low-impedance acupoints and adjacent control points on 12 healthy people. The mean subcutaneous impedance at the acupoints was 49.8±8.4 Ω, significantly lower than the impedance of 53.5±9.3 Ω for the control points (P<0.005). Of the seven acupoints, five (71%) had significantly lower impedances than the mean impedance for the adjacent control points. Seven of the 14 control points had significantly higher impedances than the adjacent acupoints, with most control points (93%) having higher impedances than adjacent acupoints. In conclusion, subcutaneous impedance is lower at the low-impedance points as measured with the SPAC two-electrode method. One interpretation of these results is that more interstitial fluid lies beneath the low-impedance acupoints.
Pharmacogenomics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Pharmacogenomics Get access Pharmacogenomics Edited by Werner Kalow, Urs A. Meyers, and Rachel F. Tyndale Published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270, Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, 2001. xi + 403 p. Price $165.00 Jill M. Kolesar, Pharm.D., BCPS Jill M. Kolesar, Pharm.D., BCPS Assistant Professor School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 425 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 59, Issue 15, 1 August 2002, Pages 1476–1477, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/59.15.1476a Published: 01 August 2002
IgA-λ/λ Biclonal Multiple Myeloma in a Patient With Crohn’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic plasma-cell disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. IgA-λ/λ biclonal type MM is rare. We report a patient who was diagnosed to have both IgA-λ/λ biclonal MM and CD. Case Report: A 66-year-old man was admitted for abdominal pain for 16 months, diarrhea for 7 months, and hematochezia for 4 months. Colonoscopy revealed segmental lesions and bleeding on mesenteric side, and the CTA also showed sclerotic and stenotic mesenteric arteries. He was initially diagnosed to have ischemic colitis and was treated with low molecular heparin. However, the symptoms worsened. Physical exam showed emaciation, pallor, and abdominal tenderness while labs included ESR 45mm/hr; C-reactive protein, 3.03 mg/dL; Hgb 70 g/L; WBC 11.70; albumin, 25.0 g/L; creatinine, 89.1 umol/L; CA125 253.6U/ml; calcium, 2.05 mmol/L; fecal occult blood was positive. Repeat colonoscopy showed patchy colitis with linear ulcers over the descending and ascending colon with sparing of transverse colon, and rectum was spared. Colon biopsies revealed mucosal ulceration, thicken and edematous submucosa, and nodular aggregates of chronic inflammatory cells. Congo red staining was negative. Crohn’s disease was diagnosed and he received treatment with mesalazine, with improvement of diarrhea and hematochezia. At the same time, we found his serum IgA level and beta-2 microglobulin level elevated. A month later, he was admitted to hematology because of fever and serum protein and immune electrophoresis revealed biclonal band (IgA: 2470 mg/dL, λ light chain: 953 mg/dL) and IgA-λ/λ type biclonal paraproteinemia. A diagnosis MM of IgA-λ/λ biclonal type (DS stage III/ISS stage III) was made based on bone marrow biopsy, immunohistochemisty, fluid-based cytology, and karyotype analysis. MRI demonstrates disseminated spinal involvement and 2 destructive masses that involved T9-T10 vertebral body and T5-T7 spinous process. TD protocol (thalidomide 100 mg/day together with dexamethasone 15 mg on day 1-4) was chosen as he refused VELCADE (bortezomib). The patient has completed the first course of treatment. Fever subsided, however, diarrhea and hematochezia persisted. Discussion: The coexistence of MM and CD is rare, and the pathogenesis of these 2 conditions is unclear. Similar to previous case reports, our patient’s symptoms became evident over a relatively short period of time, and MM and CD were diagnosed simultaneously. IL-6 may be a common factor involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
Proximate Composition and Meat Quality of Three Indian Native Chicken Breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: The present study was conducted at Livestock farm complex, TANUVAS, Chennai (India) with the objective of comparing the proximate composition and meat characters of three desi chicken breeds viz., Kadaknath, Nicobari Black and Naked Neck chicken. Methods: For this purpose, 60 adult birds (20 each) were maintained on littered floor in separate pens under optimal management conditions. The birds were fed with ad libitum balanced broiler ration and slaughtered after 8 weeks by randomly selecting 6 birds from each breed. Result: Laboratory analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the proximate composition of meats among the three native chicken breeds. The total ash content and calcium level was found to be higher in Nicobari Black chicken meat than other breeds and Naked Neck chicken showed the highest value of unsaturated fatty acid. There was significant difference (p less than 0.01) in the physical characters like pH, Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Shear Force Value (SFV), Extract Release Volume (ERV), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), Tyrosine Value (TV) texture profile analysis and hunter colour value among the three native breeds. These factors will help us to choose the right native desi breed for development of designer and value added meat products.
Construction of Digital Elevation Models on the Intertidal Flats Using TanDEM-X Bistatic Observations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Coastal environments, including intertidal flats, are ecologically important systems that might be threatened by rising sea levels or anthropogenic activities. Topographic information is a useful resource for managing coastal regions. This letter suggests a suitable method for constructing high-accuracy digital elevation models (DEMs) using bistatic observations during the TanDEM-X (TDX) Science phase. Almost zero temporal and large geometric (1.5~2 km) baseline configuration is optimal for deriving intertidal flats' low topographic relief. The results effectively capture the low-lying elevation in intertidal flats. Validation with the ICESat-2 altimetry measurements shows good agreement (R 2 : 0.65~0.85). The smallest Height of Ambiguity (HoA) yields the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.22 m with the highest correlation. However, a large perpendicular baseline degrades interferometric correlation, even in agricultural or bare land, owing to volume decorrelation. Our findings suggest that frequent TDX bistatic observations will be helpful in better understanding the coastal environments.