jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
First insight into Colombian Caribbean sea cucumbers and sea cucumber fishery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sea cucumbers are invertebrates that have been marketed legally and illegally for years in Colombia. Little is known of these species, and there is hardly any biological, ecological or market information on the population of the species under commercial exploitation. We present information on the sea cucumbers of the Caribbean coast of Colombia, with data on the fishery, fishermen, trade, species of interest, nutritional contents and reproductive characteristics. We report new species for the Caribbean and conclude with the importance of initiating a management plan for the Colombian fishery resource.
Incremental 3D Line Segments Extraction for Surface Reconstruction from Semi-dense SLAM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Semi-dense SLAM systems have become popular in the last few years. They can produce much denser point clouds than sparse SLAM while being computationally efficient (using only CPU). In previous works, the surface of the viewed scene was reconstructed in real-time by combining sparse SLAM system and incremental surface reconstruction method. However, it is challenging to utilize the large scale point clouds of semi-dense SLAM for real-time surface reconstruction. In this thesis, in order to obtain meaningful surfaces and reduce the number of points used in surface reconstruction, we propose to simplify the point clouds generated by semi-dense SLAM using 3D line segments. Specifically, we present a novel incremental approach for real-time 3D line segments extraction. This approach reduces a 3D line segment fitting problem into two 2D line segment fitting problems, which take advantage of both image edge segments and depth maps. We first detect edge segments from keyframes. Then we search 3D line segments along the detected edge pixel chains by minimizing the fitting error on both image plane and depth plane. By incrementally clustering the detected line segments, the resulting 3D representation for the scene achieves a good balance between compactness and completeness. Our experimental results show that the 3D line segments generated by our method are highly accurate compared to other methods. With the reconstructed surfaces, we demonstrate that using the extracted 3D line segments greatly improves the quality of 3D surface compared to using the 3D points directly from SLAM systems.
Reduction of [Ca2+]iRestores Uncoupled β-Adrenergic Signaling in Isolated Perfused Transgenic Mouse Hearts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of alterations in calcium in the perfusion media were studied on β-adrenergic coupling in isolated hearts from 3 different transgenic mice: cardiac-specific overexpressed α 1 subunit of L-type calcium channel, overexpressed Gα q , and phospholamban knockout. Isolated hearts from all 3 models, when studied at [Ca 2+ ] of 2 mmol/L in the perfusate, showed the usual blunted or no response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Lowering [Ca 2+ ] to 0.75 to 1.5 mmol/L unloaded the hearts of calcium and restored to nearly normal the responsiveness to β-agonist stimulation.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pengukuran Panjang Melalui Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe Make A Match Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education must function to realize and develop the various potentials that exist in humans in the context of diversity, morality, individuality/personality, sociality and culture as a whole and integrated. In short, education serves to humanize humans. The current educational paradigm requires teachers to improve the quality of learning, so the selection of learning models is really necessary so that learning in class is active and fun. One of the models used is cooperative make a match type. The advantage of this technique is that students find partners while learning about a concept or topic. , in a pleasant atmosphere and leading to active student learning in order to facilitate the learning that students do in the Mathematics subject, the material for Length Measurement has problems and obstacles so that the acquisition of student learning outcomes is very low. The purpose of this learning improvement research was to find out the increase in student learning outcomes by using the Make a Match type cooperative learning model in the Length Measurement material in class II (Two) students at Pasekon State Elementary School, Surade District, Sukabumi Regency with a total of 19 students, consisting of 14 men and 5 women.
[Construction of expression vectors for C-terminally deleted NR2B subunit mutants and their application in the study of assembling of NMDA receptors].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The formation of NR1-1a/NR2B sub-type NMDA receptor requires co-expression and assembling of NR1-1a and NR2B subunits. Shield or inhibition of ER retention motif within C1 cassette of NR1-1a subunit by NR2B subunit when assembling is not dependent on any particular region in NR2B C-terminus.
C&EN talks with Yuegang Zhang, battery troubleshooter

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Yuegang Zhang is determined to make a better battery. The physicist and materials scientist started his career developing new ways to manufacture and use carbon nanotubes. In 2008, while at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, he found himself drawn to perfecting a promising—but challenging—battery technology based on lithium-sulfur chemistry. He tested a variety of carbon nanomaterials to make a sulfur cathode that could pair with a lithium metal anode. In 2012, driven by the desire to commercialize lithium-sulfur batteries for drones and electric vehicles, Zhang returned to his home country of China to start a company. Katherine Bourzac sat down with him to discuss his progress. Why are lithium-sulfur batteries so promising? If everything works well, a lithium-sulfur battery can store five times as much energy by mass as current lithium-ion batteries. Because sulfur is lightweight, these batteries have high potential to be used in applications such as drones. And if
Targeting the ‘right’ patients for integrated care: stakeholder perspectives from a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the perceptions of relevant stakeholders in terms of targeting the ‘right’ patients for integrated care. Methods Secondary analysis of qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders (including programme managers, programme initiators, a representative of the payers, medical and social care professionals and allied health services staff) from two integrated care sites in England. A thematic analysis was conducted of cross-cutting themes. Results Both sites focused on individualized management of ‘high-risk’ patients through multidisciplinary team case management. The data-driven approach to targeting patients, recommended in the policy literature, did not align with stakeholders’ experience of selecting patients in practice. The ‘right’ patients were at lower risk than those recommended by policy, and their complexities were identified as comprising mostly social rather than medical issues. Conclusions These findings raise timely questions about the individualized management approach. They potentially explain why management of high-risk patients has not been found to be effective using quantitative measures, undermining the assumption that this approach will lead to cost savings. There is a need to expand beyond an individually targeted approach to incorporate prevention and to address social issues.
Atrophy patterns and imaging biomarkers in Indian patients with early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: addressing geographic gaps

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Gray matter (GM) atrophy in early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is increasingly recognized as a marker of clinical disability yet remains under-characterized in Indian cohorts. We aimed to elucidate patterns of brain atrophy and asymmetry in early RRMS, and to explore its clinical correlates. Methods This cross-sectional case–control study included 50 RRMS patients with EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Score) between 0 and 5, disease duration < 5 years and stable disease course, and 50 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. Participants underwent 3 T MRI, and segmentation was performed using VolBrain to obtain volumetric measures for 231 brain regions. Asymmetry indices (AI) were computed, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess volumetric and AI differences and the correlations of brain volumes with EDSS scores and T2 lesion volumes. Results Despite low clinical disability, short disease duration and stable course, patients showed significant and widespread atrophy affecting global brain tissue and subcortical gray matter, and to a lesser extent cortical gray matter regions and infratentorial structures. Cortical gray matter atrophy was predominantly observed in frontal and temporal regions. Volume loss of the middle frontal gyrus and lateral orbital gyrus demonstrated stronger associations with clinical disability compared to T2 lesion volumes, suggesting their potential role as early imaging biomarkers of disease burden. Conclusion This study identifies clinically linked neuroanatomic targets in early RRMS, supporting volumetric metrics as candidate biomarkers for early prognostication and treatment stratification. The pattern of early subcortical and fronto-temporal cortical involvement observed in our study, warrants further cross-ethnic comparisons, and sets a precedent for future neuroimaging biomarker research in South Asian MS cohorts.
Refractory Primary Hepatic Actinomycosis with Direct Infiltration to the Diaphragm and Thorax: The Usefulness of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of primary hepatic actinomycosis determined based on a percutaneous aspiration biopsy. The abscesses and state of liquefaction were easily and effectively visualized on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Ampicillin/sulbactam was administered; however, lesions of hepatic actinomycosis suddenly infiltrated the diaphragm and right thorax six months later. A drainage tube was inserted into the right thoracic space, and the pleural effusion gradually decreased. The patient received continuous antibiotic therapy for nearly two years and remained free of hepatic actinomycosis on follow-up more than one year later.
Effectiveness of ultrasonography and plain abdominal graphy in the follow-up of patients after retrograde intrarenal surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: It was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined use of ultrasonography (US) and plain radiography (PR) in the postoperative follow-up of patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Materials and methods: The charts of 207 patients who underwent RIRS for renal stones in a 3-years-period were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-eight patients were included to study who were evaluated with combination of urinary US, PR and computed tomography (CT) at 1 month after surgery. Results: Of 58 procedures with perioperative complete stone fragmentation, 49 were completely stone-free (84.4%), while fragments (&amp;amp;ge; 3 mm) were observed in 9 patients and hydronephrosis was detected in 5 patients (8.6%) on the CT. Of the 9 residual stones and 5 hydronephrosis, the radiologists truly diagnosed 6 stones (66.6%) and 5 hydronephrosis (100%) by using the combination of US and PR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of US and PR for detecting presence of residual stone and hydronephrosis were 66.6% and 100%, 98% and 98%, 85.7% and 83.3%, 94.2% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: A combination of urinary US and plain film has clear advantages about lack of radiation exposure over CT scan and it is a highly specific and sensitive test for detecting hydronephrosis. However this procedure has limited accuracy for detecting small residual stones, so we believe that CT scan is only necessary when patient has persistent pain or sonographic evidence of hydronephrosis is present.
Eclamptic Plasma Stimulates Norepinephrine Release in Cultured Sympathetic Nerve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract —The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plasma from eclamptic and preeclamptic patients on cultured sympathetic nerve. Sympathetic neurons from 12- to 14-day-old chick embryos were cultured; the neurons were then stimulated with 50% plasma from eclamptic, preeclamptic, hypertensive, normotensive pregnant, hypertensive, and normotensive nonpregnant women (n=7). Similarly, neurons were individually incubated with mixtures of 50% corresponding plasma with 0.25% bupivacaine or bupivacaine only (n=7). Furthermore, the effects of 1%, 10%, and 50% plasma from eclamptic, preeclamptic, and normotensive pregnant patients (n=7) were also evaluated. Norepinephrine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Electron microscopic studies of nerve cells were also performed. Stimulation with plasma from eclamptic and preeclamptic women significantly increased norepinephrine concentration ( P <0.0001) compared with control. The release of norepinephrine was found to be concentration-dependent. Conversely, norepinephrine secretion was significantly hampered by bupivacaine treatment ( P <0.0001). Electron microscopic studies in eclamptic and preeclamptic plasma–stimulated nerve cells showed that perikarya were in close contact with each other and with nerve cell processes. After treatment with bupivacaine, nerve cells were irregular in shape and the cell membranes were demyelinated. These results suggest that eclamptic and preeclamptic plasma has an excitotoxic effect on sympathetic nerve via axoplasmic membrane depolarization, thus increasing norepinephrine secretion that is blocked by bupivacaine. A preeclamptic condition may be improved by depression of sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Biomechanical Specialization Acts as an Asymmetrical Constraint on the Phenotype

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis Vertebrate jaws involve trade-offs between the transmission of velocity and force, which underlies their feeding performance and potentially their evolution. We investigate the velocity–force trade-off and its implications for adaptation of the anatomically complex fish jaw system among 89 species of percid fishes (Percidae). We test alternative hypotheses about how the trade-off may symmetrically or asymmetrically constrain jaw diversity. We find that the trade-off has a strong impact on the structural diversity of the jaws, indicating that specialization acts as a constraint on the phenotype. Force-modified jaws are compact with short snouts and a small oral cavity, while velocity-modified jaws are more robust with elongate snouts and a large oral cavity. The distribution of craniofacial diversity along the extremes is asymmetrical, as species with velocity-modified jaws are more phenotypically dissimilar than those with force-modified jaws. The rate of phenotypic evolution is also asymmetrical, as lineages with velocity- and force-modified jaws evolve slower and faster than unspecialized jaws, respectively. This discrepancy between phenotypic diversity and rate of evolution is explained by time to evolve, as force-modified jaws arose comparatively nearer the present. We expand recent literature linking trade-offs to asymmetrical macroevolutionary patterns, which may be an underappreciated cause of the uneven distribution of vertebrate diversity.
THE IMPACT OF THE NEW CLASSIFICATION OF IDIOPATHIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIAS ON CLINICAL PRACTICE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. New pathologic classification of interstitial pulmonary diseases of unknown etiology from 1998 enables better clinical approach to these diseases already in their early stages. As a result, key parameters for treatment choice and prognosis are easier to summarise. Conclusions. The article presents the basis for new pathologic classification and its role in clinical practice. In addition, the lastest international multidisciplinary consensus of pathological/clinical classification of ihese diseases, having been edited by American Thoracic Society and European Thoracic Society in June 2001, is presented. Every individual entity is illustrated with corresponding histologic pattern of our recently hospitalised typical cases. Finaly, some new therapeutic approaches are introducted which are oriented to actual immunopathogenetic stage of interstitial pulmonary disease.
The Effect of Whole-Body X-Irradiation on the Langerhans' Islets in the Guinea Pig

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sublethal total-body x irradiation of the guinea pig produces a fall in the beta / alpha -cell ratio curve of the Langerhans' islets on the second and third postirradiation days followed by an increase on the fifth day and an irregular course until day 120. By distributing the islets according to the size, it was possible to conclude that small islets showed a marked increase in the ratio immediately after x irradiation, the large ones showed an increase toward day 120, and the 5-day peak was due to the increase of the ratio in the islets of all sizes. Distribution curves made it possible to conclude that transformation of islet cells can occur. (auth)
Best Practices And Exemplary Applications Of Technology In Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL) located in the College of Education at Delta State was envisioned in the 1999-2000 school year as a catalyst for systemic change across the college and region as related to technology and its place in the education of the P-12 community. The Center’s goals include: 1) implementing appropriate standards for technology and high quality educator preparation programs across the graduate and undergraduate curricula, 2) providing access to technology for students and faculty in a variety of settings within the college, 3) providing access to state-of-the-art, technologically resource-rich environments for PK-12 partner schools and the greater community, 4) supporting web-based teaching and learning components, and 5) expanding e-learning capabilities to meet regional needs. The staff of the CTL provides on-going, on-site training and technical support for the greater DSU community. The Technology Coordinator for the College, the CTL Director and a Technical Specialist provide a full range of services for all CTL users. Student staff members in the Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL) have been a vital and valuable component of the Center’s success. The student staff members provide individual and small group training and support for a wide range of technological applications including Web CT and the full complement of Microsoft Office programs.
Perceived Family Structure as an Explanation of Jewish Intellectuality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractThis paper focuses on the perceived structure of parent-adolescent relations for its effect on intellectuality in young adulthood. In addition, position in the wider societal structure and integration into a supposed intellectually oriented subculture are considered for their effects on this personality characteristic. The data reported are based on a questionnaire survey of 181 Jewish men age 22–29 residing in metropolitan St. Paul. There is a clear association between the perception structure of parent-child relations and later intellectuality. On the other hand, integration into the Jewish subculture neither leads directly to intellectuality nor is associated with the relationship between perceived family structure, and intellectuality. Position in the wider social structure, however, is important in the development of intellectuality both directly and in terms of its effect on perceived family structure.
Islam with the internet could do much to prevent disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

EDITOR—Modern public health has paid little attention to prevention tailored towards Muslims even though the Islamic population now numbers over 1 billion. Religion is a major component of the social life of many communities throughout the world, but in disease prevention we often use the concept of “one size fits all,” with little recognition of religion or culture. Religion's positive influences can be incorporated into a strategy for health promotion and disease prevention by using …
Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy by 16-hours Post-contrast Continuous Veno-venous Hemodiafilteration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is the most common cause of iatrogenic in-hospital kidney dysfunction with high morbidity and mortality. In our 5-year prospective study, we evaluated the role of 16-hour post-procedural continuous veno-venous hemodiafilteration in a 132 patient with high risk Mehran integer index for CIN who had to be subjected to coronary arteriography including primary one. All patients had eGFR < 40 ml/minute and 23 (17.4%) of whom were < 20%. The results showed stable kidney disease post-contrast with no significant local or systemic complications in both males and females. In-conclusion; we advocate its use to protect high-risk patients from CIN.
Fibrous nanocomposites with interface stress: Hill’s and Levin’s connections for effective moduli

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the macroscopic behavior of solids containing circular cylindrical nanoinclusions of the same size with surface effects prevailing at interfaces. The overall thermomechanical properties of these solids are shown to comply with two sets of exact connections. The first set, similar to Hill’s universal connections, provides two constraints among the three axisymmetric overall elastic moduli. The second set relates the effective coefficients of thermal expansion to the effective moduli, in analogy with Levin’s formula. In contrast to the classical results, the presence of surface effects makes both sets of connections dependent on the absolute size of the nanoinclusions.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Interharmonics on a Distributed PV Grid-Connected Power Generation System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a detailed mathematical model for the interharmonic current in a distributed grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed and the factors affecting its output characteristics are analyzed comprehensively. First of all, a transfer function approach is used to build a mathematical model for the interharmonic current in grid-connected PV systems. Then, the equation of the PV generator output characteristics is linearized. Furthermore, a real-time calculation method of the amplitude of interharmonic current is introduced based on the established mathematical model. Moreover, a series of comparative tests are conducted, and how various factors such as the MPPT parameters, the main circuit parameters and the environmental factors affect the interharmonic current are investigated. Finally, a series of simulation and experimental tests are conducted to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model for the interharmonic current and the real-time calculation method. The results show that the proposed model is useful for improving the performance of grid-connected PV systems in terms of the behavior of the interharmonic current. Moreover, the mathematical model and the analysis of the influencing factors provide valuable insights for improving system efficiency and reliability in practical applications.