jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seismic hazard and land management policies in Italy: the role of seismic investigation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Italy is a highly populated country with an important cultural heritage and is characterized by high seismicity. It is therefore of paramount importance to define clear and feasible policies for land management and to adopt consistent procedures for seismic risk assessment. In this context, seismic surveys aimed at providing S-wave velocity models are applied at a different degree of detail and com¬plexity. We provide a description of the regulatory frame¬work for seismic microzonation and an overview of the use of seismic measurements, with particular regard to surface wave analysis, for different levels of microzoning with some examples of recent applications in Italy. The definition of cost-effective strategies for seismic risk reduction requires a detailed knowledge of seismic hazard. Seismic microzonation can help in orienting the limited available funds for retrofitting to most the critical situations, developing city-planning activities aiming at reducing expo¬sure to earthquakes and exploitation of the most hazardous areas. In general, central authorities provide reference seismic hazard estimates at a national scale (e.g., for Italy, see Stucchi et al., 2011). However, local evaluations are required to account for the effects of seismo-stratigraphic and geomor¬phological site conditions on the expected seismic ground motion. These effects may play a dramatic role in enhancing local damages, as for example the local instabilities induced by ground shaking (liquefaction, induced landslides), or those resulting from interference of seismic waves induced by the presence of heterogeneities in the subsoil (e.g., Tertulliani et al., 2012).
Behavioural consistency in the dyeing poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The behaviour of an individual organism is a combination of previous experiences and genetic factors. In some situations, a behaviour of an individual may be repeatable or consistent. For my Master’s thesis, I studied the consistency of behaviour in amphibians in two life stages. Specifically, I used the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), a species who is cannibalistic during its larval stage, and transitions from an aquatic to terrestrial habitat across metamorphosis. The aim of my project was to find out if behaviour is consistent within larval and juvenile stages of D. tinctorius frogs. Based on previous studies showing consistency in amphibian behaviour, I investigated whether (1) D. tinctorius tadpoles have consistency in their aggressive behaviour; and (2) D. tinctorius individuals show consistency in activity after metamorphosis. During the frog’s larval stage, I conducted two aggression trials where individual behaviour was observed in the presence of a conspecific. Likewise, froglet behaviour was observed individually in two consecutive trials where the movements of an individual were observed in a novel environment. No repeatability was found in larval behaviour. In juveniles, activity was found to be repeatable at the family level. None of the studied behaviours was consistent at individual level. This study shows that there is some behavioural consistency in D. tinctorius, but further research is needed in order to show repeatability at individual level, or across life stages.
Lipid Profile of Cord Blood in Term Newborns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease. Detection of lipid profile in umbilical cord blood of term newborns could identify neonates with a higher risk of coronary artery disease. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to improve the existing information about cord blood lipid profile of Iranian term newborns. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy term neonates born from healthy mothers between August and October 2009 in Zanjan, Iran. Ten milliliters of cord blood was collected from the placental end of umbilical vein immediately after the cord clamping. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by enzymatic GOD-PAP method with Pars Azmoon kits. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured after precipitation of Apo lipoproteins with phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald's formula. Statistical Analysis was performed by the SPSS statistical package version 16.0 for windows. Results: Of the 174 neonates, 97 were female. Vaginal delivery was recorded in 79.8%. There were no significant differences regarding demographic findings between male and female neonates. The mean values of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG were 73.1 ± 26.5, 28.7 ± 11.1, 27.6 ± 10, and 81.4 ± 37.1mg/dL respectively, with no difference between the two sexes. Conclusions: We found a relatively high value of TC and TG in our study. Considering the relationship between high levels of lipids in the neonatal period and coronary artery disease in the adult population, we recommend future cohort studies for this statistical society.
Pollen morphology of tribesAptosimeaeandMyoporeaesupports the phylogenetic pattern in early-branchingScrophulariaceaerevealed by molecular studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mosyakin S. L. & Tsymbalyuk Z. M.: Pollen morphology of tribes Aptosimeae and Myoporeae supports the phylogenetic pattern in early-branching Scrophulariaceae revealed by molecular studies. — Willdenowia 45: 209–222. 2015. — Version of record first published online on 15 July 2015 ahead of inclusion in August 2015 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2015 BGBM Berlin.DOI: http//dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45207Pollen morphology of six species representing three genera of tribe Aptosimeae and six species representing two genera of tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) is described and illustrated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains in Aptosimeae are 3-syncolporate, prolate, sometimes oblate-spheroidal in shape; mainly medium-sized, occasionally in some taxa small; exine sculpture striate, rarely with microperforations and small granules. Pollen grains in Myoporeae are 3-colpate-diorate, spheroidal, rarely oblate-spheroidal or prolate in shape; mainly medium-sized, occasionally in some taxa small; exine sculpture foveolate, microreticulate, rugulate-microperforate, rugulate, sometimes with small granules. Two major pollen types, 3-syncolporate (Aptosimeae) and 3-colpate-diorate (Myoporeae) are recognized by aperture types. Within these pollen types, eight subtypes are distinguished (three in Aptosimeae, five in Myoporeae) based on pollen size, exine sculpture and details of colpi and endoapertures. Our analysis of palynomorphological data (both published earlier and newly reported here) outlines the same main clades as those revealed by molecular phylogenetic studies, corresponding to Aptosimeae, Leucophylleae Myoporeae and Androya, which differ by their pollen aperture types: 3-syncolporate, 3-colpate-diorate, and 3-colporate, respectively. There are also some differences in exine sculpture patterns. Thus, palynomorphological data are mainly consistent with recent results of molecular phylogenetic studies. Considerations on ancestral pollen character states in early-branching Scrophulariaceae are provided. It is assumed that the colporate type was probably ancestral in Scrophulariaceae; however, the ancestral status of the colpate type cannot be excluded as well.
Enhancing Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy with ecological momentary interventions: A pilot trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objective Although current treatments are effective for some patients with eating disorders, a large number of patients remain partially or fully symptomatic post‐treatment. This may be related to poor utilization of treatment skills outside of the therapy office. Smartphone applications that can detect and intervene during moments of need could facilitate such skill use between sessions. Method Individuals ( N = 16) participated in a small pilot open trial where they received 21 sessions of in‐person Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy (ICAT) therapy an app (iCAT+) that delivers ecological momentary interventions (EMI) in response to user‐entered data. Data were collected on the feasibility and acceptability of this treatment approach and on preliminary indicators of treatment outcomes. Results Participants found iCAT+ as a treatment augmentation acceptable and indicated it had clinical utility as an adjunct to in‐person therapy, although analyses indicated poor compliance with data entry needed to trigger EMI delivery. This suggests that long‐term use of EMI requiring ongoing data entry is infeasible. Conclusions We describe lessons learned from our initial pilot trial and future directions for the development of impactful EMI systems that can be used to augment in‐person therapies.
Learning a generalized multiscale prolongation operator

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this research, we address Darcy flow problems with random permeability using iterative solvers, enhanced by a two-grid preconditioner based on a generalized multiscale prolongation operator, which has been demonstrated to be stable for high contrast profiles. To circumvent the need for repeatedly solving spectral problems with varying coefficients, we harness deep learning techniques to expedite the construction of the generalized multiscale prolongation operator. Considering linear transformations on multiscale basis have no impact on the performance of the preconditioner, we devise a loss function by the coefficient-based distance between subspaces instead of the plain $l^2$-norm of the difference of the corresponding multiscale bases. We discover that leveraging the inherent symmetry in the local spectral problem can effectively accelerate the neural network training process. In scenarios where training data are limited, we utilize the Karhunen-Loève expansion to augment the dataset. Extensive numerical experiments with various types of random coefficient models are exhibited, showing that the proposed method can significantly reduce the time required to generate the prolongation operator while maintaining the original efficiency of the two-grid preconditioner. Notably, the neural network demonstrates strong generalization capabilities, as evidenced by its satisfactory performance on unseen random permeability fields.
Liner Buckling Design Using Critical Buckling Strain

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In North America, close-fitting structural pipe liners are designed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F1216 design appendix. This design standard is based on the structural buckling theory. A long-term material elastic modulus is introduced to accommodate for material creep for a long-term design. This paper discusses the theoretical incorrectness of applying a long-term elastic modulus in the instantaneous buckling equation, and the technical difficulties in determining the value of the modulus. Based on the critical buckling strain theory introduced in the 1960’s, the authors propose an alternative liner design method. In the proposed design method, the instantaneous buckling equation is used for shortterm liner buckling design, then the creep strain and the critical buckling strain theory are used to validate the long-term design. Compared with the current design method, the proposed design method: 1) is theoretically sound, 2) utilizes mature creep theory and simple creep tests to predict liner long-term performance, and 3) overcomes the over-conservativeness in the current design method. A design example is given to illustrate the proposed design procedure. Discussions are presented to address some key issues in current plastic liner design, tests, and long-term performance.
Radiation efficiency for long-range vocal communication in mammals and birds

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Long-distance vocal communication by birds and mammals, including humans, is facilitated largely by radiation efficiency from the mouth or beak. Here, this efficiency is defined and quantified. It depends on frequency content of vocalization, mouth opening, head and upper body geometry, and directionality. Each of these factors is described mathematically with a piston-in-a-sphere model. While this model is considered a classic, never before has the high frequency solution been applied in detail to vocalization. Results indicate that frequency content in the 1–50 kHz range can be radiated with nearly 100% efficiency if a reactance peak in the radiation impedance is utilized with adjustments of head size, mouth opening, and beam direction. Without these adjustments, radiation efficiency is generally below 1%, especially in human speech where a high fundamental frequency is a disadvantage for intelligibility. Thus, two distinct modes of vocal communication are identified, (1) short range with optimized information transfer and (2) long range with maximum efficiency for release of acoustic power.
Image is Everything: Information-Seeking of College Students and the Effectiveness of Public Relations Efforts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations are continually searching for the most effective ways to distribute information and gain referrals from consumers. This study sought to find out how consumers seek information about an organization and how this impacts their views on the organization and advocacy intentions. The findings from this research conclude that views on the organization were positively impacted by individuals who identified as passive information seekers, more so than the active information-seekers. Passive information-seeking also had a higher association with advocacy than the, still positively associated, active information-seekers. Moreover, the results indicated that the most effective public relationship indicator on advocacy was that of personal commitment and anthropomorphism. Therefore, concluding that organizations would be best served by appealing passively on social media to individuals about the humanistic qualities and level of personal commitment their organization has shown to customers.
Association between triglyceride glucose and acute kidney injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a propensity score‑matched analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) often indicates a poor prognosis. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and the risk of AKI in patients with AMI. Methods Data were taken from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. A 1:3 propensity score (PS) was set to match patients in the AKI and non-AKI groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression and subgroup analysis were performed to assess the association between TyG index and AKI. Results Totally, 1831 AMI patients were included, of which 302 (15.6%) had AKI. The TyG level was higher in AKI patients than in non-AKI patients (9.30 ± 0.71 mg/mL vs. 9.03 ± 0.73 mg/mL, P < 0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile of TyG levels, quartiles 3 or 4 had a higher risk of AKI, respectively (Odds Ratiomodel 4 = 2.139, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.382–3.310, for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, Ptrend < 0.001). The risk of AKI increased by 34.4% when the TyG level increased by 1 S.D. (OR: 1.344, 95% CI: 1.150–1.570, P < 0.001). The TyG level was non-linearly associated with the risk of AKI in the population within a specified range. After 1:3 propensity score matching, the results were similar and the TyG level remained a risk factor for AKI in patients with AMI. Conclusion High levels of TyG increase the risk of AKI in AMI patients. The TyG level is a predictor of AKI risk in AMI patients, and can be used for clinical management.
Complete mitochondrial genome ofPhoxinus tumensis(Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The taxonomy and systematics of Phoxinus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) is still not well-resolved. In this study, we determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phoxinus tumensis. The mitogenome was 17,050 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 27.9% for A, 25.5% for C, 28.4% for T and 18.2% for G. The control region was revealed to contain tandem repeats. The mitogenome data of P. tumensis should contribute to clarify the systematics of Phoxinus fishes.
Apollo and Comet Media Design to Practice Science Literacy for Elementary School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Science literacy is very important to be mastered by students. In the literacy process, students need learning media that are in accordance with the characteristics of students and materials. Media design is based on a game design framework, namely empathic or analytical (emphatic), defining (define), developing ideas (ideate), making prototypes (prototyping), and testing (playtest). The stages of the game design framework are in line with the steps for selecting learning media, namely ASSURE. The design of Apollo and Comet media that is in accordance with these stages can produce media games that are not only able to entertain children, but also facilitate students to train their literacy skills. This research used a nonequivalent pretest posttest control group research design used for Quasi Experimental Design. Data on increasing scientific literacy was obtained by giving a pretest and posttest using a scientific literacy test sheet by adapting the PISA test.. Students' scientific literacy increased by 74.8562 with a high category based on the results of the N-Gain.
Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in NADPH Oxidase–Deficient Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract —Previous studies have suggested that oxygen-derived free radicals are involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Specifically, neutrophils have been shown to mediate postischemic ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial necrosis. We hypothesized that MI/R injury would be reduced in the absence (−/−) of NADPH oxidase. Heterozygous control mice (n=23) and NADPH oxidase –/– mice (n=24) were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion. Myocardial area at risk per left ventricle was similar in heterozygous control hearts (55±3%) and NADPH oxidase –/– hearts (61±4%). Contrary to our hypothesis, the size of infarct area at risk was similar in the heterozygous control mice (42±4%) and NADPH oxidase –/– mice (34±5%) ( P =not significant). In addition, echocardiographic examination of both groups revealed that left ventricle fractional shortening was similar in NADPH oxidase –/– mice (n=8; 27±2.5%) and heterozygous control mice (n=10; 23.3±3.3%) after MI/R. Superoxide production, as detected by cytochrome c reduction, was significantly impaired ( P <0.01) in NADPH oxidase –/– mice (n=6) compared with heterozygous mice (n=7) (0.04±0.03 versus 2.2±0.08 nmol O 2 ·min –1 ·10 6 cells –1 ). Intravital microscopy of the inflamed mesenteric microcirculation demonstrated that leukocyte rolling and adhesion were unaffected by the absence of NADPH oxidase. Oyster glycogen-stimulated neutrophil transmigration into the peritoneum was also similar in both the heterozygous control mice and NADPH oxidase –/– mice ( P =not significant). These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase does not contribute to the development of myocardial injury and dysfunction after MI/R.
Incorporating Sustainability Aspects when Analysing Manufacturing Systems with Discrete Event Simulation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A modular discrete event simulation methodology is presented. The methodology aims at separating the simulation expert from the actual model building through the use of parametric modules. Sustainability aspects in terms of ergonomics and environmental effects (from cradle to gate) and normal flow parameters stemming from economic sustainability are incorporated in each module for the discrete event simulation. This combination enables more user-friendly multidisciplinary decision support, hence a more sustainable basis than evaluating each of social, environmental and economic sustainability separately.
Seroprevalence, cross antigenicity and circulation sphere of bat-borne hantaviruses revealed by serological and antigenic analyses

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bats are newly identified reservoirs of hantaviruses (HVs) among which very divergent HVs have been discovered in recent years. However, their significance for public health remains unclear since their seroprevalence as well as antigenic relationship with human-infecting HVs have not been investigated. In the present study archived tissues of 1,419 bats of 22 species from 6 families collected in 5 south and southwest provinces in China were screened by pan-HV RT-PCR following viral metagenomic analysis. As a result nine HVs have been identified in two bat species in two provinces and phylogenetically classified into two species, Laibin virus (LAIV, ICTV approved species, 1 strain) and Xuan son virus (XSV, proposed species, 8 strains). Additionally, 709 serum samples of these bats were also analyzed by ELISA to investigate the seroprevalence and cross-reactivity between different HVs using expressed recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rNPs) of LAIV, XSV and Seoul virus (SEOV). The cross-reactivity of some bat sera were further confirmed by western blot (WB) using three rNPs followed by fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test (FAVNT) against live SEOV. Results showed that the total HV seropositive rate of bat sera was 18.5% (131/709) with many cross reacting with two or all three rNPs and several able to neutralize SEOV. WB analysis using the three rNPs and their specific hyperimmune sera demonstrated cross-reactivity between XSV/SEOV and LAIV/XSV, but not LAIV/SEOV, indicating that XSV is antigenically closer to human-infecting HVs. In addition a study of the distribution of the viruses identified an area covering the region between Chinese Guangxi and North Vietnam, in which XSV and LAIV circulate within different bat colonies with a high seroprevalence. A circulation sphere of bat-borne HVs has therefore been proposed.
Economic and Poverty Impacts of Agricultural, Trade and Factor Market Reforms in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Capitalizing on the most recent estimates of agricultural price distortions in China and in other countries, this paper assesses the economic and poverty impact of global and domestic trade reform in China. It also examines the interplay between the trade reforms and factor market reforms aimed at improving the allocation of labor within the Chinese economy. The results suggest that trade reforms in the rest of the world, land reform and hukou reform all serve to reduce poverty, while unilateral trade reforms result in a small poverty increase. Agricultural distortions are important factors in determining the distributional and poverty effects of trade reform packages, although their impacts on aggregate trade and welfare appear to be small. A comprehensive reform package which bundles the reforms in commodity and factor markets together may benefit all broad household groups in China.