jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Male quality influences male provisioning in house wrens independent of attractiveness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Female reproductive investment can vary according to their mate's attractiveness, and males may differentially invest according to their own attractiveness. Thus, when studying female parental investment, male investment must also be considered. We tested the hypothesis that the attractiveness of male house wrens (<it>Troglodytes aedon</it>) influences their investment independent of their own intrinsic quality by manipulating the number of nest sites (one = control; 4 = attractive) in each male's territory. Treatments (attractive or control) were applied prior to (natural state) or after (imposed state) male settlement, and male investment was determined twice during the nestling stage by the number of trips males made to the nest to provision their nestlings. Males that settled in the attractive territories were significantly older than those that settled in control territories in the natural state. There was a significant interaction effect between state and treatment on male provisioning. Provisioning rates of attractive and control males in the imposed state did not differ, but attractive males in the natural state provisioned at a lower rate than control males late in the nestling stage. Thus, provisioning by males is influenced more by their intrinsic quality than their attractiveness.
Antiviral activity of European sea bass ISG15 against betanodavirus infections

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To study the role of the sea bass ISG15 protein against betanodavirus infections, an in vivo transcription analysis has been performed after RGNNV infection and poly I:C inoculation, and the sea bass ISG15 activity has also been evaluated using an in vitro approach.
Implementasi Konsep Tri Hita Karana Dalam Pengelolaan Daya Tarik Wisata Pura Uluwatu, Badung, Bali

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is motivated by the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept in the management of Uluwatu Temple tourist attraction in the village of Pecatu, Bali, which is a popular tourist destination known for its cultural, economic, and environmental significance. This study employs qualitative descriptive data obtained from observations, interviews, literature review, and documentation. The informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive, which involves describing the results of observations, interviews, and documentation analysis according to the contextual circumstances during the observations or interviews. The research findings show that the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept in the management of Uluwatu Temple tourist attraction is 90%. Applying the Tri Hita Karana concept provides a tourism development model based on local wisdom that yields positive implications. This model emphasizes the harmonious relationship between tourism and the spiritual, social, and physical environment. For Uluwatu Temple, the development of Tri Hita Karana-based tourism has a significant impact on improving the economic aspects, revitalizing culture, and preserving the environment. The implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept becomes a key factor in managing the Uluwatu Temple tourist attraction by preserving local wisdom values and maintaining a balance between tourism development and environmental and cultural preservation. Keywords: Tri Hita Karana; tourist attraction; management
Globalization’s Law: Transnational, Global or Both?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay argues that the numerous competing accounts of law’s globality can be usefully sorted into two rubrics, transnational law and global law. By distinguishing law as output and process from law as system and architecture, the essay argues that globalization’s law is both transnational and global, using the analogy to light’s simultaneous nature as wave and particle. After a brief inquiry into globalization and the relevant social and institutional dynamics affecting law, the essay explores “transnational law” and “global law” as conceptual responses to such changes. Accounts of transnational law are best understood as post-modernist socio-legal analyses of law’s contextual normativity, whereas global law accounts are more teleological and modernist, aiming to characterize the emerging valence and architecture of law in a global space. Both understandings are necessary, together with international and domestic law and global justice principles, for a complete understanding of law in a global space.
Complex Boltzmann networks and one stage learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The author considers the discrete Boltzmann net with complex activations and weights. In particular he shows the following: it is possible to define an energy Hamiltonian with properties similar to the one in the real case; with appropriate clamping of a set of pattern units, the usual two-stage learning can be accomplished in one stage; and this model is still strongly related to the physical Spin Glass model, although not to the simple Ising model. Simulations, extensions, and future work are discussed.< >
Boundary Crossing Events and Potential Appropriation Space in Philosophy, Literature and General Knowledge

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Teaching cultural elements, such as literary texts, pieces of music, films, sculptures, and other similar artefacts, is one of the educational aims of a school. As part of our past and present society, cultural elements are considered to be fundamental. At a social level, they belong to shared bodies of knowledge which might foster social cohesion; at the level of individuals, they are expected to play a fundamental role in the students— intellectual and emotional development and in their capacity to act as future citizens. In the present state-of-the-art, however, more research is needed into the way in which the cultural elements taught at school are used by students as resources for emotional elaboration and developmental processes.
Rous sarcoma recurrence and Rous sarcoma virus growth in chicken muscle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Following Rous sarcoma virus (RSV‐Bryan standard strain) infection and tumor regression in chickens, tumors recurred in 3 of 6 chickens after contralateral inoculation of 10 5 of RSV. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of tumor recurrence, chickens which had recovered from RSV infection were inoculated at the regression site with Rous associated virus (RAV). Tumors recurred in one‐third of those chickens that received three bi‐weekly RAV injections and in one chicken that received only a single RAV injection. The tumors re‐appeared from 6 to 19 weeks after regression of the original tumors and within 4 weeks of the last RAV challenge. RSV was recovered from cultures of a recurring tumor as well as from a wing that developed subcutaneous blistering following RAV inoculations. RSV was also obtained from 40% of “recovered” wing muscles explanted in tissue culture up to 3 months after regression. In addition, RSV was isolated from a tumor that recurred in one of 12 recovered chickens inoculated with Freund's adjuvant. In an attempt to determine if ageing of muscle contributed to resistance to infection and suppression of tumor recurrence, wings of 5‐week‐old and 12‐week‐old chickens were infected with RSV and RAV, or RAV alone. RSV and RAV were recovered from most muscles explanted 48 h or more after RSV infection of 5‐week‐old chickens. However, when muscles from 12‐week‐old chickens were explanted 4 days after infection, very little RSV was recovered, although most of the RAV‐infected wings produced RAV in culture. This suggests that RAV growth in older muscles is probably not the limiting factor in RSV growth. The relationship between various factors involved in resistance to tumor development and tumor recurrence in chickens recovering from RSV infections is discussed.
Velocity control of a capsule by changing the area of the end plate.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It was attempted to control the capsule velocity during a run by changing the area of an end plate which had some notches. First, an empirical formula of the fluid drag on the capsule was derived, which was compared with measurements. The experiment of velocity control showed that deceleration was slower than acceleration. Calculations of the capsule motion gave good agreement with the experimental results in the case of acceleration. However, in the case of deceleration. the experimental results showed more gradual decrease in velocity than the calculations.
History and Other Spectres in Arthur Miller's The Crucible

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his Defense of Historical Literature, David Levin has argued that Arthur Miller's The Crucible fails to achieve artistic profundity because of Miller's inability to project seventeenth-century sensibilities and thus to sympathize with them. The play, in Levin's view, and in the views of many other critics as well, is not seriously historical and, therefore, not seriously literary or political. "Mr. Miller's pedagogical intention," writes Levin, "leads him into historical and, I believe, aesthetic error. . .. Since Mr. Miller calls the play an attack on black-or-white thinking, it is unfonunate that the play itself aligns a group of heroes against a group of villains." Levin concludes his discussion with the observation that "stupid or vicious men's errors can be appalling; but the lesson would be even more appalling if one realized that intelligent men, who tried to be fair and saw the dangers in some of their methods, reached the same conclusions and enforced the same penalties.” Miller's Crucible, it would seem, fails to reach the social, historical, and (therefore) moral depth of a great work of an, because it cannot imaginatively conjure the world that it pretends to describe.
Third cranial nerve palsy or pseudo 3rd nerve palsy of myasthenia gravis? A challenging diagnosis in systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diplopia is frequently encountered in neurological practice and may occur as part of the clinical spectrum of 3rd cranial nerve palsy. Correct localization of the underlying problem is the first step in making an accurate diagnosis. Pathologies affecting the supranuclear structures, cranial nerves and nuclei, extraocular muscles and the neuromuscular junction may cause or simulate 3rd nerve palsy. We report a case of a patient with longstanding quiescent SLE who presented with sudden onset of diplopia and discuss possible aetiologies including ischemia, demyelination, neuromuscular conditions and medication-induced.
Expression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Brain Tissue of Newborn Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage Induced by Progesterone Intervention

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective:To observe the effect of progesterone on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)in brain tissue of neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage,and discuss the protective mechanism of progesterone thereof.Methods:Twenty four neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group,hypoxia-ischemia group and pretreatment group.Rats in hypoxic-ischemic group and pretreatment groups were subjected to left common carotid artery ligation,then were exposed to 80 mL/L oxygen and 920 mL/L nitrogen gas in 37 ℃ closed container for up to 2.5 h to establish hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) model.Progesterone was injected intraperitoneally into rats of pretreatment group respectively at 30 minutes before hypoxia.The same dose of solution was injected into the other two groups.All rats were killed at 24 hour after operation.The immunohistochemistry staining and RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of GFAP in brain of rats.Results:GFAP was expressed in rats of three groups.The positive staining cells of GFAP and the expression levels of GFAP were significantly higher in hypoxic-ischemic group than those of sham-operated group(P 0.05).The GFAP positive staining cells and the expression levels of GFAP were significantly lower in pretreatment group than those of hypoxic-ischemic group(P 0.01).Conclusion:The hypoxic-ischemic brain damage may induce significant increase of GFAP expression in brain tissue of neonatal rats.Progesterone can inhibit the increased of astroeyte induced by hypoxia-ischemia brain damage,which plays a protective role by anti-hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
Effects of Intermittent Alcohol and Nicotine Cc-consumption in C57BL/6J Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two of the world’s leading causes of preventable deaths include the use of alcohol and tobacco. While independently these substances have negative consequences, they are often used in combination. For instance, those who are dependent on nicotine are more likely to engage in hazardous drinking and/or have a dependence on alcohol and vice versa. As different methods of consuming nicotine become more normalized, there is a concern of associated harmful alcohol consumption being that both substances are widely available and rewarding. The goal of the current study was to understand the relationship between nicotine and alcohol and the behavioral effects of co-dependence in an animal drinking model. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice underwent intermittent access to a two-bottle drinking paradigm to investigate physical dependence on alcohol, nicotine, or a combination of both. The concentration of alcohol was increased weekly while the concentration of nicotine remained constant. After the consumption period, mice were then subjected to an open field test (OFT) 24 hours after removal of the test bottles to examine the anxiety-like behavior exhibited during withdrawal from these substances. In all concentrations examined, there was a high preference and increased consumption for alcohol compared to the nicotine-only group. The OFT failed to illustrate significant group differences to demonstrate withdrawal. The current data underscores the complicated nature of alcohol and nicotine co-consumption and withdrawal.
Understanding Acidity-basicity, Oxidising ability, and Reducibility of Nanomaterials

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Temperature programmed desorption, temperature programmed reduction, and temperature programmed oxidation are useful characterization techniques to understand the surface acidity–basicity, oxidizing ability, and reducibility, respectively. From catalytic point of view, the information regarding both amount of acid/base/reducible sites as well as strength of these sites are useful for prediction for a said reaction. Herein, a theoretical ground, instrumental quantitative data, and its interactive presentation have been described to understand it in an interactive manner.
A Systematic Review of Neurovascular Complications in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare, hereditary connective tissue disorder characterized by ectopic calcification of multiple organ systems. Cardiovascular complications secondary to accelerated atherosclerosis are well-documented in published literature; however, there is a paucity of studies that reviews serious neurovascular complications including CVA(cerebral vascular accident), TIA(Transient ischemic attack), and intracranial aneurysm development in PXE patients. Objective: We aim to review current literature reporting cases of serious ischemic and hemorrhagic neurovascular complications in PXE patients as of September 2020 and reexamine current guidelines on anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in PXE patients Methods: A search of the PubMed database limited to English language case reports using the key words “pseudoxanthoma elasticum”, “neuro*”, “cerebr*”, “CVA”, “TIA”, and “aneurysm” was performed. Results: A total of 67 cases of cerebral disease were reported; ranging from ages 2-71 years from 12 countries. The most common neurovascular complication seen was ischemic strokes (68.7%) followed by TIAs (20.8%), intracranial aneurysms (6.0%) and lastly hemorrhagic strokes (4.5%). Conclusions: PXE patients have a greater incidence of ischemic strokes compared to the general population. Clinicians should thus carefully weigh the benefits of anticoagulation therapy in patients with known cardiovascular disease against the risk of bleeding.
Structure of the oligosaccharide chains in human alpha 1-protease inhibitor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two glycopeptides were obtained from alpha 1-protease inhibitor after extensive pronase digestion and chromatography on Bio-Gel P-10 and concanavalin A-Sepharose. these glycopeptides were characterized by compositional analysis and sequential exoglycosidase digestion followed at each step by methylation analysis. The partially methylated alditol acetates obtained were resolved by gas chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. The proposes structures of the oligosaccharide moieties of the glycopeptides are given below. (formula: see text) The relative amounts of the two glycopeptides isolated from concanavalin A-Sepharose suggest that each protein molecule contains four carbohydrate chains; one large chain (A) and three small chains (B).
Schottky barrier height on thermally oxidized InAlN surface evaluated by electrical and optical measurements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Current transport and Schottky barrier height analysis on InAlN/GaN structures with thermally oxidized InAlN surface (800 °C, 1 min) was performed. From the current-voltage characteristics measured at various temperatures (300–820 K) and their approximation by various current mechanisms, it follows that the tunneling current dominates. Extraction of the thermionic emission yielded the Schottky barrier height of 2.43 eV at 300 K and its slight decrease with increased temperature. Optical method (photoemission current vs photon energy) allows direct barrier height evaluation without analyzing current mechanisms. Comparative analysis using optical method yielded the room-temperature barrier height of 2.57 eV. Obtained barrier heights document significant barrier enhancement due an InAlN oxidation. This result confirms the thermal oxidation procedure as a useful tool at the preparation of reliable InAlN-based devices.
Generating similes effortlessly like a Pro: A Style Transfer Approach for Simile Generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Literary tropes, from poetry to stories, are at the crux of human imagination and communication. Figurative language such as a simile go beyond plain expressions to give readers new insights and inspirations. In this paper, we tackle the problem of simile generation. Generating a simile requires proper understanding for effective mapping of properties between two concepts. To this end, we first propose a method to automatically construct a parallel corpus by transforming a large number of similes collected from Reddit to their literal counterpart using structured common sense knowledge. We then propose to fine-tune a pretrained sequence to sequence model, BART~\cite{lewis2019bart}, on the literal-simile pairs to gain generalizability, so that we can generate novel similes given a literal sentence. Experiments show that our approach generates $88\%$ novel similes that do not share properties with the training data. Human evaluation on an independent set of literal statements shows that our model generates similes better than two literary experts \textit{37\%}\footnote{We average 32.6\% and 41.3\% for 2 humans.} of the times, and three baseline systems including a recent metaphor generation model \textit{71\%}\footnote{We average 82\% ,63\% and 68\% for three baselines.} of the times when compared pairwise.\footnote{The simile in the title is generated by our best model. Input: Generating similes effortlessly, output: Generating similes \textit{like a Pro}.} We also show how replacing literal sentences with similes from our best model in machine generated stories improves evocativeness and leads to better acceptance by human judges.
THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS AND WHAT ETHNOGRAPHY FINDS THERE: CRITICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE NEW DEAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE’S VOLUNTARY SECTOR OPTION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article outlines the strengths of applying ethnographic methods to policy evaluations, even to the study of exhaustively researched policies such as the New Deal for Young People (NDYP). Ethnography is understood as interdisciplinary, combining method and methodology into a perspective (Clifford, 1986) that looks at less conventional units of analysis, such as non-verbal expression and the symbolic use of objects and spaces. Four groups of findings from a study of the NDYP’s Voluntary Sector Option are outlined: the connotations of interviewing in the welfare to work context; institutional-disciplinary processes; deconstruction of dependency discourses and delivery space-time logistics. It is concluded that such a perspective is especially valuable in the context of normative social policies about which people have lay knowledge and common-sense beliefs (Brewer, 2000) and as such should be applied more widely to contemporary social policy evaluations.
How does the ectomycorrhizal community change along a chronosequence of spruce and oak on an afforested area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aufforstung ist ein Versuch, das Land durch Baumpflanzungen wiederherzustellen. Das Ziel hierbei ist die Verbesserung der Biodiversität sowie die Bindung von Kohlenstoff, wodurch der Klimawandel eingedämmt wird. Obwohl unter Ökologen zunehmendes Verständnis besteht, dass oberirdische und unterirdische Gemeinschaften stark miteinander verbunden sind, konzentrieren sich die meisten Studien auf den oberirdischen Beitrag zur Kohlenstoffspeicherung. Ektomykorrhiza-Pilze (ECM) verbinden sich mit 80-90% der Baumarten in gemäßigten Waldökosystemen und stellen eine Verbindung zwischen Bäumen und Boden dar, indem sie photosynthetisch gebundenen Kohlenstoff in das Bodenökosystem übertragen. Daher verdient diese Gruppe von Pilzen Berücksichtigung hinsichtlich ihrer Wiederansiedlung nach Aufforstung und der Fähigkeit zur Kohlenstoffspeicherung. In diesem Bericht habe ich die Auswirkungen der Aufforstung mit Fichten- und Eichenmonokulturen auf die ECM-Artenzusammensetzung und deren Abbaubarkeit anhand von zwei in Dänemark verfügbaren Chronosequenzen untersucht. Ziel der Studie war es, die Auswirkungen einer einheimischen und einer eingeführten Baumart auf die Zusammensetzung und Zersetzungsfähigkeit von ECM-Pilzen im Zeitverlauf zu vergleichen. Als externe Parameter, die die Zersetzungsfähigkeit beeinflussen, wurden der pH-Wert des Bodens, das C/N-Verhältnis und die Streudecke untersucht. Die beprobten ECM wurden zudem molekular identifiziert, um die Artenzusammensetzung und die Pilzsukzession zu untersuchen. Als „Zersetzungsmerkmal“ wurde die Melanisierung berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Fichtenbestände im Vergleich zu den Eichenbeständen Bedingungen boten, die die Zersetzungsfähigkeit verlangsamten und eine geringere Pilzbiodiversität aufwiesen. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass einheimische Baumarten die Pilzbiodiversität durch Aufforstung besser fördern, jedoch möglicherweise nicht die effizienteste Wahl für die Kohlenstoffspeicherung im Boden.