jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Searching for an optimal balance : Reflections on the Swedish national dual career project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this presentation the authors will summarize a recent Swedish dual career project and then reflect on lessons learned from this project in terms of a nature of dual career development and related factors. This longitudinal mixed-method study with a set of questionnaires (N=261; N=250) and interviews (N=10) was aimed at examining adolescent student-athletes’ dual career experiences during their first year at national elite sport schools with a particular focus on development of their athletic and student identities. It was based on the holistic developmental perspective (Wylleman & Lavallee, 2004), the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2003), and the “winning in the long-run” philosophy underlying the Swedish dual career system (Lindahl, 2011). Briefly, the results of the study revealed: (a) significant changes in the transition variables during the educational year and their significant contributions to the student-athletes’ perceived quality of adjustment with personal resources as a key predictor, and (b) the participants’ search for an optimal balance between their athlete and student roles/identities. Further elaboration on the results led to several conclusions that might inform future dual career studies. First, to clarify a nature of dual career development, the optimal dual career balance was defined as a combination of sport and studies that helped student-athletes achieve their educational and athletic goals, live satisfying private lives and maintain their health and well-being. Second, recommendations for the dual career service providers emphasized: (a) helping student-athletes to develop personal resources (e.g., life skills), (b) planning shifts in prioritizing sport or studies during the educational year/competitive season, and (c) ensuring an empowerment (rather than controlling) approach in social support from coaches and teachers. Third, the Swedish dual career modeldrafted based on the study might be an example for other countries to proceed with the national dual career guidelines. © 2015 University of Bern, Institut of Sport Science
An Evolving Understanding of Enigmatic Large Ripples on Mars

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Unlike terrestrial sandy deserts, Mars hosts two scales of ripples in fine sand. Larger, meter-scale ripples are morphologically distinct from small, decimeter-scale ripples, and their size, in particular, decreases with increasing atmospheric density. As a result, it was recently proposed that the equilibrium size of the larger ripples is set by an aerodynamic process, which makes them larger under thinner atmospheres. Under this hypothesis, large martian ripples would be distinct from smaller, decimeter-scale impact ripples in a mechanistic sense. Several workers have followed up on these initial observations to either corroborate, counter, or expand upon that hypothesis. Notably, a mechanistic model that not only corroborates the hypothesis that the size of large martian ripples is set by an aerodynamic process but also suggests that they arise from an aerodynamic instability, distinct from the grain-impact instability thought to be responsible for the formation of impact ripples, was developed. Conversely, other workers proposed that large ripples can develop from small impact ripples in a numerical model due to Mars&amp;#8217; low atmospheric pressure. In the latter model, the ripples&amp;#8217; growth-limiting mechanism is consistent with an aerodynamic process, but the large ripples would not be a separate class of ripples &amp;#8211; they would simply be a larger version of the small impact ripples. Here, we explore this debate by synthesizing recent advances in large-ripple formation and offer potential avenues to address outstanding questions. Although significant knowledge gaps remain, it is clear that large martian ripples are larger where the atmosphere is less dense. The size of large martian ripples thus remain a powerful paleoclimate indicator.&lt;/p&gt;
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAROTENOID PIGMENTS AND RESISTANCE TO RADIATION IN NON‐PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract— A radiation‐resistant Micrococcus sp. and a colorless mutant subject to gamma radiation were found to have identical killing curves. Similar results were obtained with ultraviolet light. However when exposed to visible light in the presence of the photosensitizer, toluidine blue, the pigmented wild‐type was unaffected whereas the colorless mutant was killed. Sarcina lutea and a colorless mutant were killed at similar rates following exposure to x‐rays and U.V. light, whereas previous studies have demonstrated that the pigmented wild‐type is protected against lethal photosensitizations by visible light. It is concluded that the effect of carotenoid pigments in radiation damage is limited to protecting cells against the lethal effects of visible light and is without effect at shorter wavelengths.
Analysis of Nationally Authorized Private Qualification Test Items for Certified Software Test Specialist applying Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 SW 테스팅 능력을 검정하는 국가공인 CSTS 일반등급 민간자격의 검정문항을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 2020년부터 2021년까지 2년 동안 8회에 걸쳐 총 1,556명이 응시한 검정문항 중 4지선다형과 진 위형 총 480문항을 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석은 고전검사이론과 문항반응이론을 적용하여 난이도, 변별도와 추측도를 추정하였으며, 연도 간 비교와 문항에 부여된 난이도를 바탕으로 분류하여 분석한 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연도와 일부 검정회차 간 취득점수의 차이가 존재하여 검정난이도의 일관성이 부분적으로 유지되 지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 문항난이도를 추정한 결과 CSTS 일반등급 자격은 전반적으로 쉬운 문 항으로 구성되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 일부 문항은 문항에 부여된 난이도와 상반되는 난이도 지수가 추정되고 있어 개선이 필요함을 확인하였다. 셋째, 문항변별도를 추정한 결과 낮은 변별력을 보이는 문항들이 일부 존재함을 확인하였으며, 문항에 부여된 난이도가 낮은 경우 변별도가 낮은 문항의 비율이 적은 것으로 나 타났다. 넷째, 문항추측도를 추정한 결과 기준 이상의 추측도를 보이는 문항이 분류되었으며, 문항에 부여된 난 이도를 기준으로 하였을 때 두 검사이론 간 상반되는 차이를 나타냈다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 문항에 부여된 난 이도와 상반되는 문항난이도 지수가 추정된 문항과 낮은 문항변별도 지수를 나타낸 문항, 그리고 높은 추측도 지수를 나타낸 문항에 대하여 우선적인 난이도의 조정, 내용전문가 참여를 통한 문항 내용의 검토와 개선이 필 요하며, 자격제도 관리․운영 절차에 검사이론을 바탕으로 하는 문항과 검사에 대한 분석과 개선의 과정이 내재 화되어야 함을 제언하였다.
Identification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects under Non-compliance or Non-ignorable assignment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We provide sufficient conditions for the identification of the heterogeneous treatment effects, defined as the conditional expectation for the differences of potential outcomes given the untreated outcome, under the nonignorable treatment condition and availability of the information on the marginal distribution of the untreated outcome. These functions are useful both to identify the average treatment effects (ATE) and to determine the treatment assignment policy. The identification holds in the following two general setups prevalent in applied studies: (i) a randomized controlled trial with one-sided noncompliance and (ii) an observational study with nonignorable assignment with the information on the marginal distribution of the untreated outcome or its sample moments. To handle the setup with many integrals and missing values, we propose a (quasi-)Bayesian estimation method for HTE and ATE and examine its properties through simulation studies. We also apply the proposed method to the dataset obtained by the National Job Training Partnership Act Study.
Polypharmacy in older adults after transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Polypharmacy is associated with higher rates of adverse drug events and unplanned hospital visits in medical patients. Little is known about polypharmacy in frail older adults undergoing transcatheter (TAVR) or surgical (SAVR) aortic valve replacement. Purpose To determine the prevalence and prognostic implications of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) following TAVR or SAVR. Methods A post hoc analysis of the McGill Frailty Registry was conducted. Patients 70 years of age or older who were discharged alive after TAVR or SAVR at two university hospitals were included. Discharge prescriptions were codified and analyzed using the MedSafer electronic tool that has been validated to flag drug interactions and PIMs considering patient-specific comorbidities. Associations with the primary outcome of 30-day all-cause readmission were examined by logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and procedure type. Results The cohort consisted of 495 patients (52% TAVR, 21% isolated SAVR, 27% combined SAVR). The mean age was 80.1±5.5 years with 52% females. The mean number of medications was 10.2±3.7 with 90% having 5 or more medications. A total of 55 patients were readmitted within 30 days. While the total number of medications was not predictive, three specific PIMs were found to be harmful and one PIM was found to be protective for readmission: clopidogrel with warfarin or heparin (OR 3.99; 95% CI 1.47, 10.82), diltiazem with heart failure (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.04, 36.41), doxazosin or terazosin with hypertension (OR 6.21; 95% CI 0.99, 38.88), and any proton pump inhibitor (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26, 0.86). Of note, the combination of clopidogrel with direct oral anticoagulants was not found to be harmful for readmission. Conclusion The prevalence of polypharmacy is elevated in older patients undergoing TAVR or SAVR. Specific PIMs, but not total number of medications prescribed, were found to be associated with potentially preventable readmissions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
A Framework for Peer-To-Peer Lookup Services based on k-ary search

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Locating entities in peer-to-peer environments is a fundamental operation. Recent studies show that the concept of distributed hash table can be used to design scalable lookup schemes with good performance (i.e. small routing table and lookup length). In this paper, we propose a simple framework for deriving decentralized lookup algorithms. The proposed framework is simple in that it is based on the well-known concept of k-ary search. To demonstrate the applicability of our framework, we show how it can be used to instantiate Chord. When deriving a generalized Chord from our framework, we obtain better performance in terms of the routing table size (38% smaller than the generalization suggested by the Chord authors).
[Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery in children and adolescents].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Initial experience with laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery in children during the year Sept. 1992-Sept. 1993 is presented. The 36 procedures included 20 appendectomies, 3 cholecystectomies, 10 upper thoracic sympathectomies, 1 bilateral oophorectomy and 2 diagnostic laparoscopies. Indications were appendicitis, symptomatic gallstones, idiopathic primary palmar hyperhidrosis, and gonadal dysgenesis (xo/xy mosaicism) in a 13-year-old girl. 2 diagnostic laparoscopies were performed for chronic abdominal pain and for a possible retroperitoneal lesion, respectively. All procedures were successfully managed without complications. In 2 cases of acute appendicitis it was necessary to change to the open conventional technique because of technical difficulties. Duration of hospitalization for cholecystectomy and sympathectomy was significantly shorter than with the conventional surgical approach and convalescence was excellent, with less postoperative pain. As for the surgical approach in acute appendicitis, we cannot as yet decide whether or not laparoscopy is superior to the conventional technique.
Analysis of Demudification Drying of Peanut Seeds (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Identification of Seed Quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One strategy to increase peanut production is to use good-quality seeds. The content of the seed determines the quality of the seed. Drying with low relative humidity can lower the drying temperature so that drying is done quickly and seed quality is maintained. This research was conducted to analyze the process and differences in peanut seed drying using dehumidifier drying and oven drying methods. Drying was carried out using a dehumidifier and oven drying machine at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C until the moisture content reached 9%, with observations every 30 minutes. Then the dried seeds were analyzed for their physical and physiological qualities. The results showed that the time needed for dehumidifier drying was faster than oven drying, with the details of dehumidifier machine drying at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C being 18.5 hours, 15 hours, and 10.5 hours. While drying in the oven at the same temperature, it takes 21 h, 17 h, and 12 h. From the results of the analysis of the physical quality of the seeds, the germination test, and the vigor test, it can be seen that dehumidifier drying gave the highest seed percentage results of 98%, 98%, and 88%. Keywords: Dehumidifier, Drying, Peanuts, Seed Quality, Water content.
Teaching Programming Strategies Explicitly to Novice Programmers: Can the way we teach strategies improve novice outcomes?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The traditional approach to training novice programmers has been to provide explicit instruction in a programming language and its features, but to rely on implicit instruction of programming strategies (the means of solving programming problems). Studies, reported in literature, have discovered universally poor results on standardised tests for novices studying under this traditional approach. It was proposed that programming strategies should be made explicit in the instruction and assessment of novice programmers. A series of experiments was conducted that focused on explicitly teaching specific programming strategies to novice programmers. These experiments demonstrated that explicit incorporation may improve outcomes for novices and potentially improve the potential of expert programmers in future.
Turbulent Flow Chromatography: A Unique Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Among 2D-LC techniques, a particular approach is commercialized by Thermo Fisher Scientific that may enable the direct introduction of biological samples into an online automated extraction system without any additional pre-treatment: the TurboFlow technology. It combines chemical and size exclusion capability of chromatography columns packed with porous particles in which a turbulent solvent flow is able to separate smaller molecules from larger ones (e.g. proteins). Once extracted, the small molecules can also be transferred to an analytical column for improving separation prior to detection. This is done through a unique plumbing and customized valve-switching arrangement that allows the focusing of molecules onto the second column. This enables a very efficient chromatographic separation. The use of the TurboFlow not only eliminates extensive sample preparation, thus reducing inter-operator variability and matrix effects, but also increases the capacity for high-throughput analyses due to a unique multiplexing technology, in which multiple LC channels are connected to a single detector.
Critical Role of HRD with Reference to Training in the Era of Globalisation- A Case Study of APTRANSCO

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The nature of work, organizations, and careers has evolved significantly in the past decade. In the wake of these changes, career-development research and implementation have languished. This article addresses this dearth of discourse and practice from the perspective of human resource development (HRD) including Human resource planning, Recruitment, Training and development, Performance evaluation, Career management and Rewards.Globalisation is a non-stop economic process. Individuals, companies or governments are always on the lookout for new processes or innovations and so the economic and power structure of the world is never stagnant. Globalisation has significantly influenced every aspect of the human resource development profession, yet HRD professionals have played a relatively insignificant role thus far in affecting Globalisation. There is a bad force and a good force in Globalisation and a critical need for human resource management and development in the global environment. There are ways in which HRD can positively affect the forces of Globalisation.The crucial role of the state is to create and strengthen institutions that can provide the necessary economic programmes and political incentives and promote long-term development of worker quality and benefit both the individual worker and the society.
NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling and Metabonomic Approaches to Problems in Molecular Toxicology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have reviewed the main contributions to the development of NMR-based metabonomic and metabolic profiling approaches for toxicological assessment, biomarker discovery, and studies on toxic mechanisms. The metabonomic approach, (defined as the quantitative measurement of the multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification) was originally developed to assist interpretation in NMR-based toxicological studies. However, in recent years there has been extensive fusion with metabolomic and other metabolic profiling approaches developed in plant biology, and there is much wider coverage of the biomedical and environmental fields. Specifically, metabonomics involves the use of spectroscopic techniques with statistical and mathematical tools to elucidate dominant patterns and trends directly correlated with time-related metabolic fluctuations within spectral data sets usually derived from biofluids or tissue samples. Temporal multivariate metabolic signatures can be used to discover biomarkers of toxic effect, as general toxicity screening aids, or to provide novel mechanistic information. This approach is complementary to proteomics and genomics and is applicable to a wide range of problems, including disease diagnosis, evaluation of xenobiotic toxicity, functional genomics, and nutritional studies. The use of biological fluids as a source of whole organism metabolic information enhances the use of this approach in minimally invasive longitudinal studies.
One Country, Two Perspectives: A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of the Greater Bay Area Scheme in Hong Kong and Mainland China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite extensive research on media framing of Hong Kong affairs, there remains a significant gap in the comparative analysis of media representations between Chinese and Hong Kong news discourses amid Hong Kong’s increasing integration with mainland China. This study employs a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to examine the discursive construction around the Greater Bay Area (GBA) scheme in the news discourses of South China Morning Post (SCMP) and China Daily (CD). The key emotion semantic analysis reveals that the SCMP predominantly projects negative emotions related to worry, while CD foregrounds positive emotions such as bravery. A word sketch of Hong Kong suggests that SCMP prefersd dynamic verbs highlighting the potential effects of the scheme, whereas CD emphasizes the actions associated with administration and regulation. The study contributes to an understanding of media shaping public perception, with real-world policy implications for cross-border communication strategies.
Self-Exciting Fluid Dynamos

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Exploring the origins and evolution of magnetic fields in planets, stars and galaxies, this book gives a basic introduction to magnetohydrodynamics and surveys the observational data, with particular focus on geomagnetism and solar magnetism. Pioneering laboratory experiments that seek to replicate particular aspects of fluid dynamo action are also described. The authors provide a complete treatment of laminar dynamo theory, and of the mean-field electrodynamics that incorporates the effects of random waves and turbulence. Both dynamo theory and its counterpart, the theory of magnetic relaxation, are covered. Topological constraints associated with conservation of magnetic helicity are thoroughly explored and major challenges are addressed in areas such as fast-dynamo theory, accretion-disc dynamo theory and the theory of magnetostrophic turbulence. The book is aimed at graduate-level students in mathematics, physics, Earth sciences and astrophysics, and will be a valuable resource for researchers at all levels.
Epstein Barr Virus in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a Path Less Treaded: An Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus belonging to γ-Herpesvirus subfamily, infecting B cells, T cells, Natural killer (NK) cells & causes both benign and malignant diseases. It has been detected in large subset of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases around the world, especially in countries with poor socioeconomic conditions and among younger age. Limited studies are available reflecting the Indian scenario of HL and EBV association. EBV positivity in Indian HL varies from 28-97% Majority of these studies employed Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LMP1, a few performed In Situ Hybridisation (ISH) for EBER. Objective: To study the association of EBV in classical HL by immunohistochemical expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) antigen in North Indian population and to correlate it with different demographic variables & subtypes of HL. Materials and Methods: Observational study including 26 untreated HL cases diagnosed on lymph node excision biopsy. IHC was performed for EBV LMP1, CD15, CD30, CD45, CD3, CD20. Results: Patients ranged in age from 5-55years (median 18yrs), with M:F ratio of 3.3:1. Palpable lymphadenopathy was found in all cases followed by pallor (64%), B symptoms (50%), nodal pain (30.8%) & bulky disease (19.2%). Maximum number of patients were in Stage I (65.4%) followed by stage II&III (15.4% each) & stage IV (3.8%). Mixed cellularity HL comprised 77%, lymphocyte depleted 11.5%, nodular sclerosis 7.7% & lymphocyte rich 3.8%. IHC for EBV LMP1 was positive in 73.1% cases. Mixed cellularity HL showed an association in 70% cases. Conclusions: HL in India is a disease of young males, with mixed cellularity as the commonest subtype, highly associated with EBV and presentation at an early stage.