jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Establishing the regularity of wear of a cylindrical brush of the mounted sweeping equipment of a garbage truck depending on its rotation frequency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article is dedicated to establishing the regularity of wear of a cylindrical brush of the mounted sweeping equipment of a garbage truck depending on its rotation frequency. Using the mathematical dependencies and corresponding regression analysis programs, it was established a power law of change in the wear of the cylindrical brush of the garbage truck's mounted sweeping equipment on the frequency of its rotation, which can be used to build a mathematical model of the hydraulic drive of the improved mounted sweeping equipment of a garbage truck, taking into account the wear of its working bodies. A graphical dependence of the change in the wear of the cylindrical brush of the garbage truck's mounted sweeping equipment on its rotation frequency was plotted, which confirmed the sufficient convergence of the obtained regularity. The graph of the influence of the rotation frequency of the cylindrical brush of the garbage truck's mounted sweeping equipment on its wear demonstrates the expediency of its reduction. It has been established that for a Ukrainian-made sweeping machine of the serial model KO-713-01, which is equipped with a cylindrical brush with a rotation speed of 3200 rpm, its wear according to the obtained regularity will reach 86.5 mm. It was found that reducing the rotational speed of the cylindrical brush of the garbage truck's mounted sweeping equipment from 62 sec-1 (3700 rpm) to 26...38 sec-1 (1550...2250 rpm) leads to a decrease in its wear by 2 orders of magnitude. The expediency of conducting additional research to identify further ways to improve the wear resistance of the cylindrical brush of the garbage truck's mounted sweeping equipment has been established.
The Behavior of Electrostatic Droplets After Impacting Pepper Leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Electrostatic droplets can enhance deposition on target leaves. To comprehensively investigate the main factors affecting droplet adhesion and splashing after electrostatic droplet impact on pepper leaves, a specialized experimental platform was developed to capture the impact behavior of charged droplets on pepper leaves. The following four variables were examined: the applied voltage of the electrode ring, droplet size, impact velocity, and the relative distance from the impact point to the leaf tip (expressed as a percentage of the total leaf length). The results showed that all four factors had significant effects on droplet adhesion. The effect sizes (partial η2) of the four factors, in descending order, were impact velocity (0.935), applied voltage (0.907), impact position (0.895), and droplet size (0.505). Compared with non-electrostatic droplets, the increase in the maximum spreading factor of charged droplets was positively correlated with droplet size, impact velocity, and applied voltage but showed no significant correlation with the relative distance to the leaf tip. The critical velocity for splashing of electrostatic droplets decreased to a certain extent but increased with higher applied voltages. The influence of the four factors on droplet splashing decreases in the following order: impact velocity (odds ratio ≫ 1), charging voltage (odds ratio = 1.246), droplet size (odds ratio = 1.023), and impact position (odds ratio < 1). Among these, impact velocity has the most significant effect on splashing behavior. This study reveals the adhesion and splashing mechanisms of electrostatic droplets on flexible pepper leaves, providing theoretical support for the design of electrostatic spraying systems and the selection of operational parameters. The findings offer a scientific basis for optimizing droplet deposition, minimizing splash losses, and improving application efficiency in precision spraying.
HIGH-RESOLUTION DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF $\nu_{3} \rightarrow 2\nu_{3}$ TRANSITIONS IN $SF_{6}$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

$^{1}$P. F. Moulton, D. M. Larsen, J. N. Walpole, and A. Mooradian, Opt. Lett. 1, 51-53(1977). $^{2}$J. I. Steinfeld, Technical Progress Report, M.I.T., Cambridge Mass. 02139.
How to Watch Chargers vs. Seahawks on October 23, 2022

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Ravens (Maryland, United State) NFL Football team has a home conference game vs. Browns (Maryland, United State) today @ 7p.\n\n🔴📺👉 Los Angeles Chargers vs Seattle Seahawks NFL Live\n\n🔴📺👉 Los Angeles Chargers vs Seattle Seahawks NFL Live\n\nThere is a complete guide to watch NFL Football Game from anywhere? How to watchhttps://cutt.ly/uNw4a9l it free and what tv channel will broadcast in your area and NFL Football Guide.
Hong Kong Merchants and ‘Canton for the Cantonese’, 1917–23

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 1914 and early 1916, Yuan Shikai’s control over the provinces reached its peak. In January 1916, he drew up plans to make himself Emperor of China. This attempt, however, presented an opportunity to the southern provinces to declare themselves independent from Peking. Military conflicts broke out among various regional troops. Yuan was driven to postpone, and finally to cancel, his enthronement. He died in disgrace, a broken man, in July 1916.1
Demographic characteristics of individuals and the measurement of lifetime income

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that, in order to account for variations over the life-cycle in the level of material well-being of individuals, the income concept which ought to be used is that of household income per person with the individuals being classified by their own age and not by the age of the household head. Using data from the Socioeconomic Surveys for Thailand, the paper shows the differences in the age-income profiles corresponding to the following concepts: household income by age of head, household income per person by age of head, and household income per person by age of the individual. Life-cycle effects on the distribution of income will be quite different depending on which of these concepts is used in the analysis. The paper attempts to define lifetime income which is independent of life-cycle variations as the annual average of gross current income over the life of the individual, where household income per person is used. Where data permits we would adjust the income-by-age data to reflect the survival probabilities of individuals to different ages. The paper illustrates how different survival probabilities for different socioeconomic groups imply that the adjustment affects their lifetime incomes to different extents.
Principles of Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Surgery is an essential component of the multidisciplinary management of patients with solid cancers. Operations are most commonly used as the cornerstone of curative therapy, but are also frequently employed to diagnose and stage disease, to palliate symptoms, and to reconstruct anatomy to maximize form and function following tumour extirpation. In this chapter, the principles of surgical therapy will be described and the role of the surgical oncologist will be highlighted in the context of a comprehensive multimodality treatment team.
Supporting and Contradicting Views of Thoughts on Isrāʾīliyyāt

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze both supporting and opposing scholarly perspectives on the use of Israiliyyat in Qur'anic interpretation. Utilizing a qualitative library research method, the study explores the historical and textual foundations underlying the inclusion of Israiliyyat narratives. Findings indicate that the use of Israiliyyat in tafsir has historical legitimacy, supported by references such as Surah Yûnus verse 94 and several hadiths that permit the narration of stories from the Children of Israel. However, this permissibility is conditional and must be approached with caution. Scholars categorize Israiliyyat into three types: those that align with Islamic teachings, those that contradict them, and those that are neutral. A critical and discerning approach is essential to maintain the authenticity of interpretation and protect the integrity of Islamic faith. When used responsibly, Israiliyyat can enhance the historical depth of interpretation, as seen in the works of classical mufassirs like Ibn Jarir al-Ṭabarī and Ibn Kathīr. Nevertheless, Israiliyyat should not be considered a source of law or creed but rather as supplementary material offering contextual insight. The study concludes that the appropriate use of Israiliyyat requires a balance between intellectual openness and theological vigilance, enabling a nuanced and faithful understanding of its role in Islamic exegesis.
From the Editor

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

As we put the final touches to this issue I came to realize that the Journal has become quite stable in the number of articles included in each issue as well as the numbers of editorial columns. In reviewing the history I found that we had published 97 articles and 91 editorial columns or between 4 and 5 of each per issue. Interestingly enough that number stayed about the same from Volume 1 through Volume 9. These articles covered a wide range of topics and came from several different countries as well. It clearly demonstrates that while rural nursing is very diverse, it is at the same time the issues across countries remain the same. Those of access, resources, and geographic barriers. These are the barriers that all rural nurses face. That commonality of diversity is what moved me to start the journal originally and I hope that it has provided rural nurses throughout the world with a resource to use for comparison of their issues to those of others and examples of approaches taken to mitigate those issues and research on topics pertinent to practice. I would welcome any comments or suggestions on how we might improve the Journal and its usefulness to you, the nurse caring for rural populations wherever that may be. I can be contacted by email at rural.nurse.org@gmail.com.
The Psychometric Assessment of Empathy: Development and Validation of the Perth Empathy Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Empathy, the ability to infer and share others’ affective states, plays a vital role in social interactions. However, no existing scale comprehensively assesses empathy’s cognitive and affective components across positive and negative emotional valence domains. This article explores the latent structure of the empathy construct and attempts to remedy past measurement limitations by developing and validating a new 20-item self-report measure, the Perth Empathy Scale (PES). In Study 1 ( N = 316), factor analyses revealed a coherent empathy construct comprised of cognitive and valence-specific affective components. Study 2 ( N = 331) replicated this factor structure, showed measurement invariance between males and females, and highlighted the importance of assessing negative and positive emotions in empathy. The PES showed convergent and discriminant validity from comparisons with alexithymia and other empathy measures. Overall, this article empirically establishes a conceptually clear structure of the multidimensional empathy construct, which the PES reliably and validly measures.
Associations of prognostic awareness/acceptance with psychological distress, existential suffering, and quality of life in terminally ill cancer patients' last year of life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Whether prognostic awareness benefits terminally ill cancer patients' psychological–existential well‐being and quality of life (QOL) is unclear because of lack of well‐controlled longitudinal studies. This study longitudinally evaluated the associations of accurate prognostic awareness and prognostic acceptance with psychological distress, existential suffering, and QOL while comprehensively controlling for confounders in Taiwanese terminally ill cancer patients' last year of life. Patients and methods A convenience sample of 325 cancer patients was followed until death. Psychological distress and existential suffering were assessed by severe anxiety and depressive symptoms and high self‐perceived sense of burden to others, respectively. Dichotomized and continuous (QOL) outcome variables were evaluated by multivariate logistic and linear regression modeling with the generalized estimating equation, respectively. Results Accurate prognostic awareness was not associated with the likelihood of severe anxiety or depressive symptoms but significantly increased the likelihood of high self‐perceived sense of burden to others and was associated with poorer QOL in participants' last year of life. Participants who knew and highly accepted their prognosis were significantly less likely to experience severe anxiety symptoms than those who were unaware of or knew their prognosis but had difficulty accepting it. Conclusion Knowing one's poor prognosis and confronting one's impending death without full acceptance and adequate professional psycho‐spiritual support may harm more than benefit terminally ill cancer patients' psychological state, existential well‐being, and QOL. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring psycho‐spiritual support to cancer patients' psychological and existential needs when prognostic information is disclosed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of standardized phosphorus retention for inorganic phosphate sources in broilers1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted to estimate standardized P retention (SPR) values of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and monopotassium phosphate (MKP) in broilers. In total, ninety-six 22-d-old male broilers with similar BW (780 g average) were used in each experiment. The chicks were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments (P-free, DCP, MCP, or MKP diets) with 6 replicate cages of 4 chicks each in a completely randomized design. After 3-d acclimation, chicks were fasted for 24 h and then fed P-free, DCP, MCP, or MKP diets for 4 h in Exp. 1 or 72 h in Exp. 2. Excreta samples were collected for a total of 28 or 52 h (24 or 48 h after feed withdrawal) in Exp. 1 and 96 or 120 h (24 or 48 h after feed withdrawal) in Exp. 2, respectively. The excreta collection time of 52 h in Exp. 1 or 96 h in Exp. 2 was adequate for the estimation of SPR. The estimated basal endogenous P losses (EPL) in chicks fed the P-free diet were 109 ± 4 mg/52 h per bird and 49.2 ± 4.0 mg/96 h per bird in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The SPR values of inorganic phosphate sources corrected by the above basal EPL differed (P < 0.001) in Exp. 2 but not in Exp. 1. However, these SPR values were very similar between the 2 experiments with 68.7, 69.8, or 76.6% in Exp. 1 and 71.8, 70.6, or 78.3% in Exp. 2 for DCP, MCP, or MKP, respectively. The results from the current study indicated that, compared with the 72-h feeding and 96-h excreta collection procedure, the 4-h feeding and 52-h excreta collection procedure was a relatively quicker time- and labor-saving method for estimating the SPR values of inorganic P sources in broilers. The estimated SPR values of commonly used inorganic P sources (MCP and DCP) were about 70%.
Oculomotor behavior during eye-hand coordination tasks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Patients with central vision loss often adopt eccentric viewing strategies using a preferred retinal location (PRL) in the absence of functional foveae. Little is known about the oculomotor characteristics of the PRL under binocular eye-hand coordination. We examined PRL location, fixation stability and smooth pursuit under binocular viewing using simulated gaze-contingent scotomas in normally-sighted observers. Participants (N=7) completed two eye-hand coordination tasks in two conditions with gaze-contingent central scotomas. Scotomas were updated at 60Hz refresh rate based on a 500Hz eye tracker. In a fixation task, participants touched a target in the center of the screen with their hand. In a pursuit task, participants followed a horizontally oscillating target with their hand. In the second condition, participants viewed a picture of a hand that moved in same touch positions as previous trials in the fixation and smooth pursuit tasks. Participants completed two runs of each condition. Outcome measures were fixation stability (BCEA, 68%), PRL eccentricity and stability of smooth pursuit. PRL eccentricity increased with scotoma size (p < .001), but BCEA did not vary as function of scotoma size, task or condition (ps > 0.05). There was a significant interaction between run and condition (hand vs picture): PRLs were closer to the target in second run of the hand but not picture condition (p = 0.05). Smooth pursuit stability decreased with increasing scotoma size and was greater in the own hand than picture condition (p < .01). Smooth pursuit but not fixation stability varied as function of scotoma size and hand condition. There was a training effect for PRL location in the hand condition, suggesting that PRL use may adapt under eye-hand coordination. These differences offer insight into how the coupling of eye and hand movement may influence binocular visual function in patients with central vision loss.
Hypernuclear production spectroscopy with an extended shell model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ( e , e’K + ) reaction experiments with several nuclear targets performed recently at the Jefferson laboratory have provided high-resolution spectroscopic data. Among others, the 10 B( e , e’K +) 10 Λ Be reaction data are particularly interesting due to new appearance of extra sub-peaks which seem difficult to be explained within the conventional model with the p -shell nuclear naturalparity configurations. To describe this novel hypernuclear structure, we have extended the model space by introducing the new configurations which include unnatural-parity nuclear core-excited states. This configuration mixing successfully explains the sub-peaks in the 10 B( e , e’K +) reaction data. For adjacent hypernuclei with A = 9–11, we show the DWIA spectra of ( K − , π − ), ( π + , K + ) and ( γ , K + ) reactions that are calculated within the extended model in a consistent way. We discuss the theoretical spectra of 9,10 Λ Be and 11 Λ B production reactions.
Temperature Dependence of Second and Higher Order Elastic Constants of Orientationally Disordered (NH<sub>4</sub>I)<sub>x </sub>(KI)<sub>1-x </sub>Mixed Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have incorporated the translational rotational (TR) coupling effects in the framework of three body force shell model (TSM) to develop an extended TSM (ETSM). This ETSM has been applied to reveal the second order elastic constants (C 11 , C 12 and C 44 ) in the dilute regimes 0≤ x ≤ 0.50 as a function of temperature for 10K≤T≤300K. The anomalous elastic behaviour in C 44 below 100 K has been depicted well by ETSM results in the orientationally disordered (NH 4 I) x (KI) 1-x mixed crystals. In order to present a visual comparison of the TR-coupling effect on second order elastic constants, we have evaluated the SOECs with and without TR coupling term in ETSM. Besides third order elastic constants have also been studied and discussed for concentration range 0≤x≤0.50 as a function of temperature for 10K≤T≤300K.
PENGARUH LEVEL GLUTATHIONE DALAM PENGENCER TRIS-KUNING TELUR TERHADAP MEMBRAN PLASMA UTUH DAN RECOVERY RATE SPERMA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH POST THAWING

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Penelitian mengenai pengaruh level glutathione dalam pengencer tris-kuning telur terhadap membran plasma utuh dan recovery rate sperma kambing PE post thawing telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Reproduksi Ternak dan Inseminasi Buatan, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan glutathione dalam pengencer tris-kuning telur dan mengetahui level penggunaan glutathione yang paling baik terhadap membran plasma utuh dan recovery rate sperma kambing PE post thawing. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan yang terdiri dari 5 kelompok yaitu tanpa penambahan glutathione (P0) , glutathione 4 mM (P1), glutathione 6 mM (P2), glutathione 8 mM (P3) dan glutathione 10 mM (P4). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 1 kali. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan level glutathione pada sperma kambing PE post thawing berpengaruh nyata (P < 0,05) terhadap peningkatan persentase membran plasma utuh dan recovery rate (P0 = 54,60 %; 40,55 %), (P1 = 58,20 %; 49,02 %), (P2 = 61,50 %; 54,36 %), (P3 = 65,20 %; 57,87 %), (P4 = 57,50 %; 44,33 %). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan glutathione berpengaruh terhadap membran plasma utuh dan recovery rate sperma kambing PE post thawing . Kata Kunci: Glutathione , kambing PE, membran plasma utuh, recovery rate .
Shellfish allergens: tropomyosin and beyond

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract IgE‐mediated shellfish allergy constitutes an important cause of food‐related adverse reactions. Shellfish are classified into mollusks and crustaceans, the latter belonging to the class of arthropoda. Among crustaceans, shrimps are the most predominant cause of allergic reactions and thus more extensively studied. Several major and minor allergens have been identified and cloned. Among them, invertebrate tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein, and hemocyanin are the most relevant. This review summarizes our current knowledge about these allergens.
Simulation Analysis of Residual Stress of the Plastic Gear Based on Moldflow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Through the orthogonal experiment with Moldflow software, numerical simulation was conducted in different injection molding process parameters. The influence on the plastic gear tooth root residual stress from the mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time, packing time, and packing pressure was explored was explored. The results showed that: The selected process parameters for plastic gear tooth root of the residual stress effects in varying degrees. By optimizing the injection molding process parameters, the residual stress of injection was reduced to improve the quality of injection molding gear.
From Struwwelpeter to Rotfuchs: Suggestions for Using Children's Books in Culture Classes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fortunately, gone are the days when the library of a German child consisted only of a copy of Struwwelpeter, Max und Moritz, and an expurgated version of Grimm's Ma'rchen. In recent years such an impressive wealth of children's books has appeared on the German market that Elizabeth M. Mayer enthusiastically spoke about the bezaubernde Kinderund Jugendbuchwunder.1 And since children's books have a charm and fascination of their own and are mostly written in fairly simple language, they will easily find friends also among our American students, be it on the high-school or college level.