jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plasma 4-pregnene-17α,20α-diol-3-one (17α,20α-dihydroxyprogesterone) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Investigation of the mechanisms involved in ACTH induced hypertension in sheep led to delineation of the major role of 4-pregnene-17α,20α-diol-3-one (17α,20α-OHP) in ovine adrenal venous blood. It has been shown in this model of steroid induced hypertension that 17α,20α-OHP is 'hypertensinogenic' i.e. capable of raising blood pressue when infused concurrently with the major mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid steroid hormones, but in itself it has no significant blood pressure elevating effect and no significant glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity. The present study examines the regulation of 17α,20α-OHP and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in man. The plasma concentration of 17α,20α-OHP in normal ambulant subjects (n = 29) bled at 08.00 to 10.00 h was 14.5 ± 0.8 nmol/l compared with 17-OHP 7.8 ± 0.6 nmol/l. Administration of ACTH (20 μg/kg/day) to normotensive male subjects (n = 6) produced after 5 days of rise in 17α,20α-OHP from 16.6 ± 2.2 to 48.9 ± 7.9 nmol/l and in 17-OHP from 10.9 ± 1.12 to 29.3 ± 4.2 nmol/l. In normal subjects, 17α,20α-OHP had a diurnal rhythm similar to that of cortisol but of lower amplitude. Plasma concentrations of both steroids rose with stepped 30 min ACTH infusions and were suppressed by dexamethasone administration. Angiotensin II infusion, dietary sodium restriction and 9α-fluorocortisol administration had no effect on plasma 17α,20α-OHP. There was no change in 17α,20α-OHP throughout the menstrual cycle but 17-OHP increased during the luteal phase of the cycle. 17-OHP was lower in women on oral contraceptives than in control women, but values for 17α,20α-OHP were unchanged. The mean plasma clearance rate for 17α,20α-OHP in 3 normal subjects was 30.2 l/day/kg, similar to that for aldosterone (31.2 l/day/kg). Unlike the sheep there was no in vitro conversion of 17-OHP to 17α,20α-OHP in human blood. These studies show that 17α,20α-OHP is present in human plasma in higher concentration than 17-OHP. The secretion of 17α,20α-OHP appears to be primarily under the control of ACTH.
Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Impacts on Freshwater Pelagic Community Structure

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

For freshwater pelagic ecosystems, the biodiversity and cascading trophic interaction theories both predict that decreased piscivore populations will result in direct, short—term (a few years) increases in planktivore biomass, reductions in crustacean herbivore biomass, and increases in chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton biomass. An Alternate view is offered by the bottom—up:top—down theory, which predicts that in eutrophic lakes changes in piscivore biomasses will have strong impacts on planktivore numbers, weaker but observable impacts on zooplankton biomass, and little or no long—term effects on phytoplankton biomass. A partial winterkill at Lake St. George, Ontario, Canada allowed us to test these predictions. The data set comprised measures of: (1) piscivore and planktivore numbers, (2) zooplankton species composition, size structure, and biomass, (3) chlorophyll a concentration and Secchi depth, and (4) water chemistry from 1980 through 1986. Prior to the winterkill of 1981—1982, the piscivore population was high (1000—2000 piscivores/ha), the planktivore population was intermediate (8000—10 000 planktivores/ha), zooplankton biomass was intermediate (2400 µg/L), and chlorophyll a concentration was high (5—12 µg/L). In the year following the winterkill (1982), piscivore and planktivore numbers were low, and zooplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration were high. During the next 2 yr (1983—1984) the planktivore population increased rapidly to densities >20 000 individuals/ha, zooplankton biomass density decreased to <1600 µg/L and chlorophyll a concentration decreased. During the final 2 yr of the study, piscivores recruited to near prewinterkill levels, planktivores were reduced to <8000 individuals/ha, zooplankton biomass increased, and chlorophyll a concentration decreased. Over the 7 yr data set, we found a strong negative correlation between numbers of piscivores and planktivores, a weaker correlation between numbers of planktivores and zooplankton biomass, and no between—year correlation between zooplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration. There was, however, a positive correlation between total epilimnetic phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentration. These data are consistent with predictions made by the bottom—up:top—down model, and the implication is that at Lake St. George, the trophic cascade uncouples at the zooplankton → phytoplankton link. We speculate that this may be due to the combined effects of lake trophy and Daphnia species composition and size.
Maintenance of Ephedra alata Seeds Viability via Storage Containers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sequential incubation of seed samples yielded 20 fungal species belonging to 13 genera. The prevalent genera were Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus), Fusarium (F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum) and Penicillium (Penicillium sp.). Such seedborne fungi differ in their colonization in different parts of seeds with most of them are colonized in seed coat, endosperm, and embryo of the seed. The usage of different storage containers for storing seeds indicated that the cotton cloth bags were the most favorable ones as they maintain seed moisture content (SMC) below the critical level resulting in minimum seed deterioration compared with other seed storage containers.
[Prostaglandin E levels in patients with pain syndromes of the face and head].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The levels of E-type prostaglandins were measured in patients with facial and headaches. The data on the prostaglandin levels suggest that the severity of pain syndrome should be taken into consideration in relieving the pain, and then the nosology should be considered. The use of drugs influencing the prostaglandin turnover in treating patients with facial and headaches is discussed.
Mitigating the warming in urban areas: Experimental study of different roof materials in a subtropical monsoon climate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Different roof materials are deployed for mitigating the urban heat, which significantly affects&lt;br&gt;our life. However, the performance of specific roof materials could be influenced by the&lt;br&gt;background climate. To evaluate the effectiveness of roof materials on temperature reductions in&lt;br&gt;a subtropical monsoon climate region, this study performs field experiments using four different&lt;br&gt;roof materials (gray and white surfaces, solar panel, and grass surface) from December 2017 to&lt;br&gt;July 2018. The results show that the white surface reduced the average daily surface temperature&lt;br&gt;by 3.37 &amp;#176;C. This cooling effect increased with the increase in surface albedo and incoming solar&lt;br&gt;radiation. However, the average cooling effect of the grass surface was much lower (0.43 &amp;#176;C).&lt;br&gt;This is attributable to the low soil moisture, which was influenced by the monsoon, thereby&lt;br&gt;indicating that irrigation is required to improve the thermal performance of grass roofs even in&lt;br&gt;humid regions. The solar panel reduced the daily surface temperature by 0.59 &amp;#176;C but exerted&lt;br&gt;strong warming (7.36 &amp;#176;C) during midday and cooling effects (4.03 &amp;#176;C) during midnight because&lt;br&gt;of its low albedo, low emissivity, and low heat capacity. Our results suggest that, for the roof&lt;br&gt;treatments explored here, white roofs are more effective for mitigating urban heat in a&lt;br&gt;subtropical monsoon climate under the present climatic conditions and especially for drier&lt;br&gt;climates predicted for the future, while grass roofs are not a sustainable method as they require&lt;br&gt;irrigation to achieve a cooling effect and solar panels may heat the urban atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparative studies for development of Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts in Puerto Rican and Brazilian Biomphalaria glabrata.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The development of sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni was monitored in pigmented and albino Biomphalaria glabrata from Puerto Rico and Brazil. The snails were exposed individually to 20 miracidia, and sporocysts were allowed to develop for 3 to 12 weeks. Most of the immature sporocysts were found in the seminal receptacle sac and vas deferens during development. In contrast, mature daughter sporocysts were detected everywhere except in the foot at 12 weeks after exposure to the miracidia. It was found that mature daughter sporocysts formed more rapidly in the pigmented than in the albino snails, but no difference was observed in the formative time between the same types of Puerto Rican and Brazilian snails. It seems likely that there is a correlation between the infection rate and the time required for formation of mature daughter sporocysts in B. glabrata.
Gambling Addiction Defence on Trial: Canadian Expert Witness Perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The American Psychiatric Association’s evolving recognition of pathological gambling as a behavioral addiction (DSM-III, 1980; DSM-V, 2013) has occasioned increased use of the gambling addiction defence in criminal trials. Reflecting upon our experiences as expert witnesses in criminal and civil liability proceedings where gambling addiction was a significant factor, we a) describe the expert witness role; b) examine the links among frequent and intense EGM play, gambling addiction, and financially-based crimes; c) review how revisions to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual influenced the Canadian judicial system response to such crime; and d) explore prospects for reducing criminal activity by addicted EGM players. We discuss how and why gambling addiction has become generally accepted as a mitigating factor in Canadian criminal trials. In this commentary we also analyze how the plight of addicted gamblers who resort to criminal behavior might be remediated by a) gambling-specific consumer protection measures; b) tighter regulatory control over the addictive elements of EGM play; c) the implementation of gambling courts; and d) a legislated duty of care owed by gambling providers to EGM players.
Jill Lepore. If Then: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this timely book, Jill Lepore argues that the Simulmatics Corporation laid the foundations of political predictive analytics and the widespread digital surveillance networks that feed it. Founded in 1959 by elite American social scientists and a charismatic Madison Avenue executive, Simulmatics promised to advance American liberalism through scientifically validated computer simulations of the American electorate. Instead, by 1970, the company was bankrupt, its name a symbol of the snake oil sold by so many midcentury behavioral scientists. Despite Simulmatics’ short life and spectacular failure, Lepore draws a direct connection between the company’s work and the “particular hell” of our contemporary digital life, “in which humanity’s every move is predicted by algorithms that attempt to direct and influence our each and every decision through the simulation of our very selves” (6). The book’s lively narrative unfolds across three parts spanning Simulmatics’ meteoric rise and precipitous decline. The first, “The Social...
Novel Exact and Approximate Algorithms for the Closest Pair Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The closest pair problem (CPP) is an important problem that has numerous applications in clustering, graph partitioning, image processing, patterns identification, intrusion detection, etc. Numerous algorithms have been presented for solving the CPP. For instance, on n points there exists an O(n log n) time algorithm for CPP (when the dimension is a constant). There also exist randomized algorithms with an expected linear run time. However these algorithms do not perform well in practice. The algorithms that are employed in practice have a worst case quadratic run time. One of the best performing algorithms for the CPP is MK (originally designed for solving the time series motif finding problem). In this paper we present an elegant exact algorithm called MPR for the CPP that performs better than MK. Also, we present approximation algorithms for the CPP that are faster than MK by up to a factor of more than 40, while maintaining a very good accuracy.
New Data on Charitable Giving in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There is considerable interest in the economics of charitable giving (see Clotfelter 1997 \nand Vesterlund 2003 for reviews), but household surveys containing giving data are rare. This has restricted empirical research. For instance, most empirical research about tax effects on giving use itemized charitable deductions from income tax data, and therefore results are restricted to tax effects on aggregate giving. A household survey can collect data permitting research about tax effects on giving to disaggregated purposes./
Model identification and validation for translational movements of an octorotor UAV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents preliminary results on a complete translational system modeling and identification of a coaxial counter-rotating X8 octorotor. The objective is to assess the applicability of the widely-used quadrotor model to the coaxial eight-rotor aircraft. A real and representative model of the UAV is necessary to develop simulation tools for validation and to predict the system behavior. A series of tests were conducted with the X8 in flight when performing movements in the x, y and z directions. The model is simulated and validated offline in a MATLAB environment using real data.
[Immunomodulatory treatment of lymphopenia after infectious mononucleosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persistent lymphopenia of various intensity has been noted in 45% of persons who had a history of infectIous mononucleosis. The group consisted od 500 patients, (236 males and 264 females). In all of them the diagnosis of mononucleosis had been based on the characteristic clinical signs and symptoms and changes in the blood picture and confirmed by the non-specific and/or specific serologic tests. In 33 persons (10 males and 18 females) the total number of lymphocytes varied from 884 to 992 per 1 cmm, the distribution being as follows: B lymphocytes--146 to 198, CD4--482 to 645 and CD8--245 to 364 per 1 cmm. 18 persons (18 males and 10 females) were given thymosine (TFX) subcutaneously for 30 days in the dose of 0.02 g daily, the remaining 15 (7 males and 8 females) received 3.0 g of isoprinosine per day for the same period. The total lymphocytes count and that of B, CD4 and CD8 was performed before and after the treatment and then followed once a month until 180 days since the treatment had been started. The TFX therapy was repeated after 8-12 months since the end of the first course in 3 patients and that with isoprinosine in 4. The strategy and the examination pattern were the same as before, control examinations being performed every 6 months and final analysis was done after 5 years of follow-up. Among the 33 patients who received immunomodulating treatment, normalisation of the lymphocytes count appeared in 24 (64%). Among the 12 persons with less pronounced lymphopenia, who did not received any treatment, spontaneous normalisation appeared in 5 (40%). It may be therefore assumed, that in persons with the history of infectious mononucleosis with persistent marked lymphopenia, thymosine and isoprinosine may be used in the therapy as additional immunomodulators.
Expression of human serum albumin in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and its structural and functional analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The stable strain of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris secreting human serum albumin into cultural medium was obtained. Optimal conditions for expression of the protein were determined. We characterized the recombinant protein by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism and analyzed its catalytic activity.
ANP32E contributes to gastric cancer progression via NUF2 upregulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member E (ANP32E) is a histone chaperone that removes H2A.Z from chromatin. ANP32E is implicated in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell differentiation. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of ANP32E expression is strongly associated with carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between ANP32E in the development of gastric cancer (GC) is unknown. The present study aimed to explore the potential role of ANP32E in the development of GC using gain‑of‑function, loss‑of‑function, CCK‑8, colony formation, apoptosis, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, immunoblotting and luciferase reporter assay. The results of the present study demonstrated that ANP32E expression levels were significantly increased in GC tissues. ANP32E knockdown markedly inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation and significantly induced GC cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of ANP32E significantly induced GC cell malignancy. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that there was a positive association between ANP32E and NUF2 component of NDC80 kinetochore complex (NUF2) expression levels. By assessing NUF2 expression levels, it was demonstrated that ANP32E promoted tumor cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis by increasing NUF2 expression levels in GC cell lines. In conclusion, the present study indicated that ANP32E may function as an efficient oncogene, which promotes tumorigenesis of GC cells by inducing NUF2 expression.
Effect of Panax Ginseng (G115) Capsules versus Placebo on Acute Exacerbations in Patients with Moderate to Very Severe COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Yuanbin Chen,1,* Lin Lin,1,* Lei Wu,1 Yinji Xu,1 Johannah L Shergis,2 Anthony L Zhang,2 Zehuai Wen,1 Christopher Worsnop,3 Cliff Da Costa,4 Frank Thien,5 Charlie C Xue1,2 1The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; 3Institute of Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; 4School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; 5Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia, and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Charlie C XueSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, PO BOX 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, AustraliaTel +61 3 99257360Fax +61 3 99256539Email charlie.xue@rmit.edu.auPurpose: Herbal medicines are commonly used by people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but high quality randomized controlled trials are limited. This study evaluated the therapeutic value of ginseng capsules in reducing acute exacerbations and improving the quality of life in people with COPD.Patients and Methods: This randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial assessed ginseng&amp;rsquo;s effects on 200 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Ginseng capsules (200 mg, twice per day) were compared to placebo over 24 weeks. Patients were followed up for a further 24 weeks after the treatment period. The primary outcome measure was acute COPD exacerbation rate over 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were health-related quality of life, including the St George&amp;rsquo;s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). We also assessed lung function, walking distance and use of relief medication.Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. The rate of COPD exacerbations was not statistically significant between groups after 1 year (62 participants in the ginseng group and 63 in the placebo group). Secondary outcome measures showed improvements after ginseng and placebo but results were not clinically significant. The incidence of adverse events in the two groups was similar and events were unrelated to the intervention.Conclusion: Compared with placebo, ginseng did not reduce the rate of acute COPD exacerbations over 12 months. It was safe and well tolerated by people with moderate to very severe COPD.Keywords: COPD, ginseng, exacerbation, quality of life, randomized controlled trial
Nonenzymatic Browning of Mozzarella Cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mozzarella cheese was made with combinations of Streptococcus thermophilus nongalactose (Gal-) and galactose fermenting (GaI +) strains and Lactobacillus helveticus (Gal +) and L. bulgaricus (Gal-).Galactose was found in all Mozzarella cheese regardless of the culture used.The highest concentration was in cheese made with Streptococcus tbermophilus Gal-L.bulgaricus Galcombination with Streptococcus thermophilus Gal + Lactobacillus helveticus Gal + having the least.Little if any lactose was found in any of the cheeses.The temperature and time during stretching of the curd inhibited fermentation of the residual galactose.Galactose accumulated in Mozzarella when either strain of Streptococcus thermophilus was used.The fermentation of accumulated galactose was the result of metabolism by Lactobacillus belveticus.There was a positive correlation between galactose content and brown color intensity when Mozzarella cheese was heated.A predictive test was effective in evaluating the browning tendency of cheese.
Roost Fidelity and Fission–Fusion Dynamics of White-striped Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida australis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The white-striped free-tailed bat (Tadarida australis) is a common species of insectivorous bat found in mainland Australia. Despite its abundance, very little is known about its roosting ecology. I used radiotelemetry collected during 3 seasons to examine roost fidelity and roosting associations of a summer roosting group. Bats were trapped at a large communal roost in subtropical urban Brisbane, Australia. A total of 132 radiotracking days and nights provided 509 bat-days of data, with each bat being tracked for 26.9 days ± 28.6 SD. Seventeen new roost trees were found, scattered throughout an area of >200 km2. Roost cavities were located inside eucalypt trees >83 cm diameter at breast height. Tagged T. australis switched roosts every 10.6 ± 7.9 days on average and spent most of their time in day-roosts with smaller roosting groups despite being 1st caught at the communal roost. I quantified associations between pairs of tagged bats using a pairwise sharing index. The consistent negative values of the pairwise sharing index I calculated indicated that members associated with roost-mates less often than predicted by chance. However, bats typically associated at night at the communal roost, even when they did not occupy it during the day. For every day-visit recorded per bat at the communal roost, each bat visited the same roost twice at night on average. This suggests that nocturnal movements of individuals should be included in assessments of associations between individuals. I postulate that this species employs a fission–fusion pattern based on individual movements to and from 1 communal site. I also argue that the roost network of 1 communal roost and many satellite roosts may be regarded as a single interconnected unit.