jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive and definitive molecular cytogenetic characterization of HeLa cells by spectral karyotyping.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We revisited the cytogenetic alterations of the cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa through the use of spectral karyotyping (SKY), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). SKY analysis unequivocally characterized all abnormal chromosomes. Chromosomal breakpoints were primarily assigned by simultaneous assessment of SKY painted chromosomes and inverted 4,6-diamidino2-phenylindole banding from the same cell. Twenty clonally abnormal chromosomes were found. Comparison with previously reported HeLa G-banding karyotypes revealed a remarkably stable cytogenetic constitution because 18 of 20 markers that were found were present before. The classification of 12 markers was refined in this study. Our assignment of the remaining six markers was consistent with those described in the literature. The CGH map of chromosomal copy number gains and losses strikingly matched the SKY results and was, in a few instances, decisive for assigning breakpoints. The combined use of molecular cytogenetic methods SKY, CGH, and FISH with site-specific probes, in addition to inverted 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole or conventional G-banding analysis, provides the means to fully assess the genomic abnormalities in cancer cells. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are frequently integrated into the cellular DNA in cervical cancers. We mapped by FISH five HPV18 integration sites: three on normal chromosomes 8 at 8q24 and two on derivative chromosomes, der(5)t(5;22;8)(qll;q11q13;q24) and der(22)t(8; 22)(q24;q13), which have chromosome 8q24 material. An 8q24 copy number increase was detected by CGH. Dual-color FISH with a c-MYC probe mapping to 8q24 revealed colocalization with HPV18 at all integration sites, indicating that dispersion and amplification of the c-MYC gene sequences occurred after and was most likely triggered by the viral insertion at a single integration site. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations identified by SKY, genomic imbalances detected by CGH, as well as FISH localization of HPV18 integration at the c-MYC locus in HeLa cells are common and representative for advanced stage cervical cell carcinomas. The HeLa genome has been remarkably stable after years of continuous cultivation; therefore, the genetic alterations detected may have been present in the primary tumor and reflect events that are relevant to the development of cervical cancer.
Immune Enhancing Effects of Intracellular and Extracellular Polysaccharides Extracted from Mycelial Cultivate of Agaricus blazei Murill

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was performed to compare in vitro immune enhancing effects of polysaccharides extracted from cultivated mycelia of Agaricus blazei Murill. Carbohydrate contents of semi-purified polysaccharides were 85.6% and 95.3%, while -glucan conents were 67.9% and 88.1% for intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide, respectively. Samples were adjusted to the same in their carbohydrate contents before efficacy tests. Both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis of macrophage RAW 264.7 in dose dependent manner, and the maximum increase rate was 53.9 and 53.1% in intracellular and extraceltular polysaccharide, respectively. The polysaccharides also increased synthesis of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in RAW 264.7. For all the 3 cytokines, the increase rate of synthesis was much higher in extracellular polysaccharide compared to intracellular polysaccharide, especially at low concentration. Both polysaccarides increased the proliferation of splenocytes in vitro, intracellular polysaccharide showed increase in dose dependent manner while extraceltular polysaccharide showed increase untill medium concentration (). They did not show direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as B16F0 melanoma. As results, it was regarded that the both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide from A. blazei showed immune enhancing effects in vitro, but the activity is higher in extracellular polysaccharide compared to intracellular polysaccharide.
Icariin decreases cell proliferation and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast like synoviocytes via GAREM1/MAPK signaling pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our findings suggest that icariin treatment can alleviate the development of RA by reducing cell proliferation and inflammation in RA-FLS through the regulation of the GAREM1/MAPK signaling pathway. These results support the potential of icariin as a therapeutic agent for RA treatment. As icariin is safe and well-tolerated in previous studies, further research is warranted to explore its efficacy in clinical settings.
Early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in Japan and Taiwan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim The effects of A lzheimer's disease ( AD ) are making a major impact on the socioeconomic status of older adults in society. The recognition of early symptoms and clinical presentation are crucial issues to foster early diagnosis and treatment in order to have better therapeutic outcomes. Methods We recruited clinically diagnosed AD patients at the very mild stage in the Clinical Dementia Rating scale 0.5 and mild stage Clinical Dementia Rating scale 1.0 in T aiwan and J apan. Psychometrics including the Ascertain Dementia 8 ( AD8 ) questionnaire were administered to collect and compare the differences of the clinical presentation of the participants from the two countries. Results A total of 1189 participants, 641 from T aiwan and 548 from J apan, were recruited in the present study. In the very mild dementia group with Clinical Dementia Rating scale 0.5, apart from AD8 ‐2: reduced interest in hobbies/activities ( P = 0.056) and AD8 ‐4: trouble learning how to use a tool, appliance or gadget ( P = 0.224), other AD8 subitems were significantly different between the two countries. J apanese participants had a higher reported frequency of AD8 ‐5: forgetting the correct month or year (82.7%) than that (57.9%) in T aiwanese ( P < 0.001). T aiwanese participants had a higher reported frequency in AD8 ‐1: problems with judgment (20.3%), AD8 ‐3: repeats questions, stories or statements (67.5%), AD8 ‐6: difficulty handling complicated financial affairs (32.5%); AD8 ‐7: difficulty remembering appointments (53.8%); and AD8 ‐8: consistent problems with thinking and/or memory (89.3%) than those in Japanese participants. Conclusion Early symptoms of AD in both countries are different. The frequently reported early symptoms are important for primary physicians and the general population so that they can recognize the disease in the early stage so as to have a better therapeutic outcome. Such efforts would increase the awareness of dementia in the general population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 797–803.
mediating role of viral communication in the effect of political marketing on political consent: a cross-sectional study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political communication is one of the important areas affected by technological developments today. As a matter of fact, it is observed that political parties commonly use viral marketing, a type of word-of-mouth marketing, in their campaigns conducted within the scope of political marketing. This study aims to investigate the impact of political marketing on both viral communication and political consent. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the relationship between viral communication and political consent to determine if there is a noteworthy influence. Generation Z constitutes the universe of the research in this study. In the context of this study, an examination of the data gathered from 511 participants through online research was undertaken to explore and analyze the interconnections between various variables. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed, utilizing statistical package programs for data analysis. The findings revealed that there was no statistically significant impact of political marketing on both viral communication and political consent. Conversely, it was established that there exists a statistically significant and extremely strong influence of viral communication on political consent. Based on these results, it can be said that viral communication activities can make a significant contribution to the implementation of marketing strategies.
Simple method for measuring the porosity, thickness and refractive index of porous silicon, based on the Fabry-Pérot interference spectrum

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a technique to estimate, nondestructively, the thickness, porosity and refractive index of porous silicon samples.The technique is based on the Fabry-Pérot interference spectrum analyzed by the Reflectometric Interference Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (RIFTS).The technique, also known as SLIM -Spectroscopic Liquid Infiltration Method takes into account the infiltration of a liquid with known refractive index inside the pores of the samples.
The Public Health Response to Epidemic Syphilis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the National Plan to Eliminate Syphilis. From 1999 to 2003 in San Francisco, early syphilis was epidemic, increasing from 44 cases to 522 cases a year. Syphilis cases were more likely to be in gay or bisexual men, those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, those who had anonymous partners, and those who met sex partners on the Internet. Increases in sexual activity and sexual risk behavior in men who have sex with men during this period have been attributed to the improved physical health of HIV-infected men on highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV treatment optimism, increases in methamphetamine use, and the use of Viagra. The San Francisco Department of Public Health’s response to the epidemic included enhanced surveillance, expanded clinical and testing services, provider and community mobilization and sexual health education, and risk factor identification and abatement through investigations, public health advocacy, and treatment. Collaborations with communitybased organizations and local businesses were key to the successful implementation of disease-control efforts. A multitude of converging risk factors and new environments contributed to the syphilis epidemic, requiring a comprehensive, innovative, and flexible disease-control strategy. ALTHOUGH READILY CONFIRMED WITH a simple blood test and easily treated with penicillin, syphilis is known for its protean clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging even for the most astute physicians. 1 Syphilis increases the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) between two- and fivefold 2 and, if untreated, can lead to serious neurologic and other physiological complications, including death. Syphilis outbreaks represent a failure in disease control and are sentinel events in community health. 3
PHOTOPHYSICS OF LIGHT TRANSDUCTION IN RHODOPSIN AND BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System of Prednisolone by Press Coating Technique: Effect of Different Grades of Hydroxyethylcellulose in Coat.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Press-coated tablets are able to release the core drug after of lag time and have potential for colon targeted drug delivery based on gastrointestinal transit time concept. This study investigated the factors influencing in vitro release characteristics of model drug prednisolone from press coated tablets. Prednisolone is a poorly water soluble drug having pH-independent solubility. Solubility enhancement of prednisolone with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP β-CD) was studied by phase solubility analysis. HP β-CD increased solubility of prednisolone. Phase solubility studies suggested that 1:2 complex of prednisolone-HP β-CD was formed. A physical mixture of prednisolone and HP β-CD was incorporated in core tablet. The core tablet, prepared by a direct compression method, was designed to disintegrate and release drug quickly. To prepare press coated tablets, 50% of coating polymer was first, followed by centering the core tablet and compressing with remaining 50% of the coating polymer. Effect of Natrosol viscosity grades (Natrosol L, M and HHX), weight of Natrosol coating, different weight ratios of Natrosol-HHX: Natrosol M and different weight ratios of Natrosol-L: Natrosol M on the lag time of drug release was studied. The lag phase was markedly dependent on the weight ratios of Natrosol-HHX: Natrosol M or Natrosol-L: Natrosol M in coat. Larger coating weight of Natrosol M produced larger coating thickness around core tablet, which resulted in increased lag time and decreased drug release. Different lag times of the press-coated tablets from 2 to 9.5 hours could be modulated by changing the type and amount of Natrosol. Natrosol of higher viscosity (Natrosol HHX) provide better protection of the drug containing core, showing increased lag time and slower drug release. Incorporating low viscosity polymer (Natrosol-L) in coat leads to decrease in lag time and rapid drug release. The results indicate that Natrosol M coated tablet formulation is more suitable for transit (5.5 hrs) through stomach and small intestine and faster release of drug in colon.
The Roles and Directions of Poetry Education in the Post-Human Era — An essay on the contents of poetry education that advocates the ethics of a new era

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 논문은 포스트휴먼 시대에 요구되는 시 교육의 역할과 방향에 대해 제안하고, 이를 실현하기 위한 구체적인 시 교육의 내용이 어떻게 구성되어야 하는지 고민해 본 시론적(試論的) 성격의 글이다. 포스트휴먼 시대를 맞이해 대두되고 있는 ‘감정지능교육’의 필요성에 공감하면서, 인공지능에 대한 지나친 비관주의와 근거 없는 낙관주의를 넘어서 다가올 포스트휴먼 시대에 시 교육이 어떤 역할을 수행할 수 있으며 어떤 방향으로 시 교육의 내용이 구성되어야 하는지 구체적으로 논의해 보았다. BR 먼저 인간/비인간에 대해 새로운 질문을 던지는 김현과 신해욱의 시를 통해 포스트휴먼 시대 시가 포착하고 있는 문제의식을 살펴보고자 했다. 그리고 2010년대 중반 이후 전격적으로 등장한 퀴어 상상력과 페미니즘 문제의식을 드러내는 황인찬과 권박의 시를 살펴봄으로써 새로운 시대의 윤리를 드러내는 시에 대한 감상 교육의 필요성을 역설했다. 마지막으로 자기 안의 결핍과 마주하는 공감의 윤리를 바탕으로 감정교육으로서의 시 감상 교육의 가능성을 이원하의 시를 통해 살펴보고자 했다.BR 이 논문은 인공지능이 본격화되는 포스트휴먼 시대에 도래할 위기의 상당 부분이 사실상 우리가 구축한 사회가 만들어낸 것이라는 관점을 기본적으로 취하고 있다. 따라서 타자에 대한 혐오가 만연한 시대에 공감의 윤리로서 시 교육의 필요성과 그 구체적인 역할과 방향에 대해 논함으로써 포스트휴먼 시대에 대비한 인문학으로서의 역할을 시 교육이 적극적으로 수행해야 함을 주장하고 그 구체적인 교육 내용에 대해 제안하고자 했다.
Plane Wave Propagation in Two Dimensional Auxetic Periodic Structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cellular structures like hexagonal honeycombs have been of particular interest because of their unique dynamic behavior. These periodic structures can control wave propagation through exhibiting pass and stop bands over certain frequency ranges. Geometrical modifications of unit cells in these hexagonal honeycombs have been explored to achieve different properties such as a negative Poisson's ratio, which is also known as auxetic materials. It is found that a characteristic angle of the unit cell determines the value of the Poisson's ratio. In this study, we investigate different topologies of unit cells through the Timoshenko beam-based finite element method and the principles of Floquet-Bloch theorem. We find that the characteristic angle of the unit cell has a significant effect on the in-plane wave propagation behavior and its directionality.
Synthesis of a [18F]-labeled ceritinib analogue for positron emission tomography of anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a receptor tyrosine kinase, in lung cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1080 Objectives Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a therapeutic target in solid and hematologic tumors. Although several ALK inhibitors have gained approval for therapy, non-invasive indicators of target engagement or predictive biomarkers in vivo are lacking. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a radiolabeled analogue of the ALK inhibitor ceritinib, [18F]fluoroethyl-ceritinib, ([18F]-FEC), for use with positron emission tomography (PET). Methods We used two methods to synthesize [18F]-FEC. First method: [18F]fluoroethyl-tosylate was prepared by radiofluorination of ethylene glycol di-tosylate, purified by HPLC and coupled with ceritinib at 120oC for 20 min. The product was purified by flash chromatography to yield [18F]-FEC. Alternatively, a precursor compound, chloroethyl-ceritnib, was synthesized in multiple steps and directly fluorinated with K18F-fluoride/kryptofix 2.2.2., and the product was purified either by HPLC or flash chromatography to yield [18F]-FEC. Results The first method produced [18F]-FEC with an average decay-corrected yield of 24% (n=4), specific activity of 1200 mCi/μmol, and >99% purity; synthesis time was 115 min from the end of bombardment (EOB). The second method produced [18F]-FEC with an average yield of 7% (n=4), specific activity of 1500 mCi/μmol, and >99% purity; synthesis time was 65 min from the EOB. Of these two methods, we judged Method 1 to be the better choice for producing a pure compound for biological applications in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Synthesis of a novel [18F]ceritinib analogue has been achieved in good yields, with high purity and specific activity. The compound is a potential PET imaging agent for the detection of ALK overexpressing solid tumors, such as lung cancer, and should be tested in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in tumor-bearing mice.
{Greek} Zoonyms (Names of mammals)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the article the Greek zoonyms (mammals) are summarized and
etymologically analyzed from the point of view of their
inherited Indo-European or borrowed origin, in the latter case
from unspecified substratal languages or from cultural
languages of the Eastern Mediterraneum, concretely
Berber-Libyan, Egyptian, Semitic or Hurrian.
Selecting and Implementing a Discovery Tool: The University of Maryland Health Sciences and Human Services Library Experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Staff of the University of Maryland Health Sciences and Human Services Library embarked on an investigation of discovery tools in 2010. These products provide users with the popular Google-like interface to library resources. The evaluation which included completing a checklist of desired criteria, demonstrations by vendors, and trialing live systems resulted in the purchase of EBSCO's Discovery Service (EDS). The key to its successful implementation was comprehensive testing of the tool to ascertain its usability among diverse populations, and evaluating its treatment of all types of resources. After several phases of customization, OneSearch was officially launched in April 2013. KEYWORDS: discovery services evaluationdiscovery services implementationEBSCO discovery servicehealth sciences librariesusability studiesweb-scale discovery services Notes Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/werm.
[Values of Different Prognostical Score Systems in Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a remarkable clinical efficacy of imatinib mesylate on CML-CP patients, moreover, low risk group has a better therapeutic response. Both Sokal score and ELTS score evaluate 3M-EMR better, both EUTOS score and ELTS score evaluate 12M-MMR better. The combination of low risk in Sokal score with 3M-EMR much more can predict MR4.5. The results of this study provide the reference basis for evaluating the clinical therapentic efficacy and timely modifying the therapeutic regimens for CML patients, also possess the reference value for predicting the MR4.5.
A Study on the design of the consciousness of bioethics’ training for nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 간호현장에서 활용할 수 있는 생명윤리의 한 실천 방안으로써 간호사의 생명윤리의식 훈련 프로그램을 설계하는 것이다. 본 연구자는 존재론적 인격주의 생명윤리를 이론적 배경으로 삼아 인격주의 생명윤리 개념과 특성을 이해하고 성찰하는 학습 과정으로, 주 1회 2시간씩, 4주간의 인격주의 생명윤리 교육 프로그램(Personalist Bioethics Education Program, PBEP)을 설계하였다. 구체적 교육 목표는 1차시 ‘생명윤리와 인격주의 생명윤리의 개념을 이해한다.’, 2차시 ‘생명의 시작과 생명존중윤리 개념을 이해하고 성찰한다.’, 3차시 ‘생명의 끝과 생명의료윤리 개념을 이해하고 성찰한다.’, 4차시 ‘생명의 과정과 생명공학윤리의 개념을 이해하고 성찰한다.’이다. 교수학습 방법은 성인을 대상으로 진행하는 워크숍으로 강의 및 리뷰, 활동, 성찰 등이 포함되며 시작(20분), 전개(90분), 종료(10분)로 구성하였다. 그리고 최종적으로 설계된 간호사의 생명윤리의식 훈련 프로그램은 5명의 생명윤리 관련 전문가에게 타당도를 검정 받았다(내용타당도 계수 CVI=1). 추후 본 연구에서 설계한 간호사의 생명윤리의식 훈련 프로그램의 적용은 간호사의 생명윤리의식 확립 및 증진에 기여할 것이며, 특히 인격주의 생명윤리에 관한 앎의 지평을 확대하는데 도움이 될 것이다.
Optimizing IoT and Web Traffic Using Selective Edge Compression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications are generating and communicating vast quantities of data, and the rate of data collection is increasing rapidly. These high communication volumes are challenging for energy-constrained, data-capped, wireless mobile devices and networked sensors. Compression is commonly used to reduce web traffic, to save energy, and to make network transfers faster. If not used judiciously, however, compression can hurt performance. This work proposes and evaluates mechanisms that employ selective compression at the network's edge, based on data characteristics and network conditions. This approach (i) improves the performance of network transfers in IoT environments, while (ii) providing significant data savings. We demonstrate that our library speeds up web transfers by an average of 2.18x and 2.03x under fixed and dynamically changing network conditions respectively. Furthermore, it also provides consistent data savings, compacting data down to 19% of the original data size.