jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
miR-21: A Key Small Molecule with Great Effects in Combination Cancer Therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The increasing incidence of various cancers indicates the urgent need for finding accurate early diagnostic markers and more effective treatments for these malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with great potentials to enter into cancer clinics as both diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. miR-21 is elevated in many cancers, and promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In recent years, many studies have shown that targeting miR-21 combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents could enhance their therapeutic efficacy, and overcome drug resistance and cancer recurrence both in vitro and in animal models. In this review, we first summarize the effects and importance of miR-21 in various cancers, and explore its function in drug resistance of cancer cells. Next, the challenges and prospects for clinical translation of anti-miR-21, as a therapeutic agent, will be discussed in combination cancer therapy.
Effect of Using Propolis on Productive Performance and Cecum Microbial Activity of Postweaning Growing Male Rabbits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rabbits can get intestinal illnesses, particularly after they've been weaned and switched from milk to solid food. Propolis (PR) is a mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds that can increase the level of serum immunoglobulin, improve the antioxidant state of the animals and lessen the severity of clinical symptoms and death. So this study was designed to evaluate the effect of using (PR) on productive performance, cecum microbial activity of postweaning growing male rabbits. Twenty New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits, 5 weeks old were randomly divided into two equal groups, with 695.75± 10.01 g BW. In the 1st group, rabbits were fed without any supplementation and considered as the control group. While, those in the 2 group were orally given (PR) at 500 mg/kg BW 3days /week for 10 weeks. Results revealed that nd growing rabbits treated with (PR) show a decrease in pH value and E. coli count as compared with the control group.in addition, using (PR) causing significantly increased in plasma total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations in treated than the control group. Conclusively, from the obtained results it could be concluded that the supplementation of(PR) had positive effects on rabbit’s performance as well as, cecal microbial activity of growing rabbits.
LASIK-induced corneal changes after correction of hyperopia with and without application of Mitomycin-C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study aimed to assess the role of intraoperative mitomycin-C (MMC) application during hyperopic LASIK correction (+ 1.00 D to + 6.00 D) by examining topographic corneal changes and incidence of regression over a one-year follow-up period.This comparative randomized control study included 68 hyperopic patients (136 eyes) divided into two groups; Group A included 34 patients (68 eyes) that had LASIK with the application of 0.02% MMC for 10 s on the stromal bed after excimer laser treatment, and group B included 34 patients (68 eyes) that had LASIK without MMC application. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refraction, keratometry and topography were recorded at 1st week and 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months postoperation. Predictability and treatment efficacy were also recorded at the end of the follow-up period.Better predictability was noted in group A than in group B at the 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits, with a mean cycloplegic refraction SE of + 0.5 ± 0.31 D in group A and + 0.67 ± 0.39 D in group B at the 6 month visit, and + 0.63 ± 0.37 D in group A and + 0.89 ± 0.48 D in group B at the 12 month visit. The efficacy of the treatment at the end of the follow up period was better in group A than in group B. Group A showed fewer topographic corneal changes than group B.Intraoperative MMC application during hyperopic LASIK achieves better predictability and efficacy and induces fewer topographic changes and lower regression rate of hyperopia during the first postoperative year.the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201901543722087 , on 29 January 2019.
A Piperidine Amide Extracted from Piper longum L. Fruit Shows Activity against Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mosquito larvicidal activity of Piper longum fruit-derived materials against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti was examined. A crude methanol extract of P. longum fruits was found to be active against the larvae, and the hexane fraction of the methanol extract showed a strong larvicidal activity of 100% mortality. The biologically active component of P. longum fruits was characterized as pipernonaline by spectroscopic analyses. The LC(50) value of pipernonaline was 0.25 mg/L. The toxicity of pipernonaline is comparable to that of pirimiphos-methyl as a mosquito larvicide. In tests with available components derived from P. longum, no activity was observed with piperettine, piperine, or piperlongumine.
Trajectory control and force sensing of the robot manipulators using a joint torque disturbance observer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a typical robotic assembly for odd-form electronic components, the insertion task is normally carried out vertically downward. This insertion approach can best be accom-plished with a SCARA robot. During the insertion process, many factors could affect its success. These factors include the error introduced during board alignment, error introduced at the pick-up point, robot positioning error, dimensional error of the robot support structure, the manufacturing tolerances of the component's lead and more importantly the uncontrollable factor such as bent lead. Good position or trajectory tracking is required to reduce the error introduced at the pick-up point and motion related positioning error to minimum.
Decadally Resolved Lateglacial Radiocarbon Evidence from New Zealand Kauri

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Radiocarbon 58 (2016): 709-733, doi: 10.1017/RDC.2016.86.
Characteristics and Applications of Bluff Bombs. Volume I. Characteristics and Appendices.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Bluff shaped bombs are of interest as an internally carried munition because they package well in internal bays and can be delivered throughout the flight envelope of the carriage aircraft. A proposal was made to develop bluff bombs through use of adapter kits consisting of nose and tail castings to convert inventory warheads to bluff shapes. It was further proposed to modify an F-111 weapons bay to carry five such bluff bombs based on the M117 warhead. A program was established to develop and test the hardware proposed an to investigate potential applications bluff bombs to tactical and strategic conventional weapons roles. The bluff bomb tested, called the M117M6, exhibited good separation characteristics up to Mach 2.0 but ballistic performance at altitudes above a few thousand feet is characterized by excessive dispersion due to aerodynamic stability considerations. Analyses were conducted that show bluff bombs may have minimal application to the B-52, FB-111, and F-111 aircraft but appear to be a promising weapon for B01 applications. (Author)
Improvement of Lower Secondary Arabic Language Teaching and Learning through the Implementation of Classroom-Based Assessments (PBD)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Classroom-based assessment is a continuous process in teaching and learning to gain information about students’ mastery and the effectiveness of teachers’ pedagogy. This study reports on the improvement of Arabic language teaching and learning through the implementation of classroom-based assessment which was conducted correctly and effectively in the classroom. This study is a case study using a qualitative approach. The data was obtained through interviews and document analysis of three lower secondary Arabic language teachers, who are also national level main coaches for classroom-based assessment. Selection of interview participants was done through purposive sampling. Interview transcript data were first referred to the study participants and then analysed using the Nvivo software 12. The findings proved that the implementation of a holistic and continuous classroom-based assessment of Arabic language can enhance student achievement in four key language skills namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. Even more so, through the various assessment methods implemented, teachers could ensure students’ learning objectives were achieved. Overall, the findings suggest that implementation of classroom-based assessment can enhance Arabic language teaching and learning especially in terms of changing teachers’ attitudes, knowledge acquisition and skills in student assessment.
Utility of Baseline Transaminase Monitoring During Systemic Terbinafine Therapy for Pediatric Onychomycosis—Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
K.: Solution of ill-posed Volterra equations via variable-smoothing Tikhonov regularization, Inverse problems in geophysical applications (Yosemite

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a “local ” Tikhonov regularization method for ill-posed Volterra prob-lems. In addition to leading to efficient numerical schemes for inverse problems of this type, a feature of the method is that one may impose varying amounts of local smooth-ness on the solution, i.e., more regularization may be applied in some regions of the solution’s domain, and less in others. Here we present proofs of convergence for the infinite-dimensional local regularization problem and discuss the resulting numerical algorithm. 1. Introduction. Inverse problems of Volterra type arise in many scientific areas, including applications in heat transfer, population dynamics, and geophysical problems (e.g., groundwater and porous media applications). An inverse problem common to these applications is the determina-tion, via a data-matching process, of unknown time-varying boundary conditions in an
Predicting and understanding no-show behaviour in specialist outpatient clinics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the number of ageing citizens increasing to 900,000 by the year 2030, there will also be an increase in the demands for adequate healthcare services in Singapore. As such, it is imperative for the country to work towards achieving an efficient healthcare system that will provide quality medical services for everyone. In order to meet the growing demands and needs of Singapore’s ageing population while dealing with capacity constraints, it is of paramount importance to reduce the inefficiencies of the healthcare system. One such inefficiency is the no-show behaviour exhibited by patients of outpatient clinics in the hospitals. Research have demonstrated that missed appointments lead to a waste of clinical resources and a reduction of appointment slots available to other patients. Predicting appointment outcomes and the likelihood of no-show behaviour can help mitigate the negative effects brought about by no-show behaviour among patients. Data mining techniques were used to develop a model for the prediction of appointment outcomes and its probabilities using Microsoft Excel’s Visual Basic Application. The model was then tested with data retrieved from one of the outpatient clinics in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, and the trends and rules were discovered and produced for analysis. The accuracy of the model was ascertained by conducting further analysis. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was then used to develop a prediction table using the results acquired for the target user. The study concluded with the limitations highlighted and the suggestions made for potential future extensions of the project.
Risk of Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis With Persistent Endoscopic Healing: A Durable Treatment Endpoint

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Deep remission in patients with UC has relied on initial achievement of biochemical, endoscopic, and/or histological remission. We evaluated persistent symptomatic remission and endoscopic healing (EH: Mayo endoscopy score [MES] 0 or 1) on consecutive endoscopic examinations as a durable treatment endpoint. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, we estimated and compared cumulative risk of clinical relapse in patients with persistent EH, with and without persistent histological remission and depth of EH, among adults with active UC treated-to-target of symptomatic remission and EH who achieved and maintained symptomatic remission and EH over two serial endoscopic assessments. We also explored risk of relapse in patients with persistent EH whose therapy was de-escalated. Results Of 270 patients who initially achieved EH with treatment-to-target, 89 maintained symptomatic remission and EH on follow-up endoscopy [interval between EH1 and EH2, 16 months]. On follow-up after EH2 [median, 19 months], 1-year cumulative risk of relapse in patients with persistent EH was 11.5%, and with persistent histological remission was 9.5%. Seventeen patients with persistent EH, who underwent de-escalation of therapy, did not have an increased risk of relapse as compared with patients who continued index therapy [5.3% vs 14%, p = 0.16]. Conclusions Patients with active UC treated-to-target of clinical remission, who achieve and maintain symptomatic remission and EH over consecutive endoscopies, have a low risk of relapse, particularly in a subset of patients who simultaneously achieve histological remission. Persistent EH should be examined as a treatment endpoint suggestive of deep remission.
[X-ray method for examination of patients with obstructive diseases of the large bowel].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper presents a new priority X-ray method for examining the large bowel in patients with strictures. It is based on the principle of one-stage double contrasting, that has been substantially modified and supplemented by some distinctive signs and original methodological techniques. A randomized study of 150 patients with stenotic tumors of the distal colon assessed this method in comparison to traditional irrigoscopy and classical double contrasting. The study provided strong evidence for the advantage of the proposed method over the well-known ones. In the presence of stenosis, this method makes it possible to completely examine all the portions of the large bowel in 90% of the cases, to reduce the time of examination by almost 15 minutes and a radiation load per patient by 4 m3v. When the method is applied, the informative value of X-ray characteristics of a colonic stricture maximally retains. This is of great value in examining the category of patients with obstructive diseases of the large bowel, which presents a problem in making a differential diagnosis.
Environmental migrations in Central Asia: a multifaceted approach to the issue

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasingly, studies are considering Central Asia a ‘hot spot’ of climate change and a region prone to environmental migrations. Growing aridity and the shrinking of glaciers may have important impacts on food security, health, human security and infrastructure in the region and compel people to move. Drawing on the literature on environmental issues in Central Asia and on interviews conducted in the Kuhistoni-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, this article provides a literature survey on environmental migrations in the region and positions Central Asia in the current debates within the broad environmental migrations literature. The article shows that environmental issues can stand out as an important push factor for out-migration in Central Asia, highlights the important role of the Soviet heritage of environmental management as well as of post-Soviet socio-economic transformations in understanding these issues, and discusses possible adaptation strategies.
Effect of Photoperiod on the Induction of Devernalization by High Day Temperature in Field-grown Japanese Bunching Onion (Allium fistulosum L.).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To prevent bolting and to develop a new cropping system for harvest in June, the effects of tunnel covering and a 16-hr photoperiod (LD) on the growth, flower initiation and bolting of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) cultivars 'Kincho', 'Asagi-kujo' and 'Cho-etsu' were investigated. The maximum air temperature was 20 - 25°C higher under the tunnel than in the open field. Growth during the treatments was accelerated by tunnel covering and LD, solely or combined. With 'Cho-etsu', tunnel covering alone effectively prevented bolting, because devernalization was induced by a high day temperature, but with 'Kincho' and'Asagi-kujo', it did not; but when it was combined with LD, the bolting rate was decreased to 7-24%. The inhibitory effect of LD alone on the bolting rate was not observed for 'Kincho' and 'Asagi-kujo'. However, with 'Cho-etsu', LD alone sufficiently prevented bolting; when combined, LD and tunnel covering prevented bolting completely. These results indicate that the 16-hr photoperiod induced devernalization of Japanese bunching onion. The possibility of harvesting some mid-season varieties, such as 'Kincho' and 'Asagi-kujo' in June was successfully established. As the bolting rate did not correspond to the developmental stage of flower buds during the treatments in 'Asagi-kujo', abortion of developing flower buds may be induced by high day temperature.
Abstract Title

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aims Smoke from biomass fuels is a risk factor for pneumonia, the leading cause of child death worldwide. While particulate matter (PM) is the metric of choice when evaluating the health effects of biomass smoke, measuring children's exposure to PM is very difficult. Previous studies have used indirect methods to estimate children's PM exposure, including using carbon monoxide (CO) as a proxy for PM, and using time-location-activity budgets in combination with microenvironment PM monitoring. The validity and comparability of these indirect methods is not known. We report on a study which used multiple methods to quantify children's exposure to PM, and validated estimates from indirect methods against direct measurements. Methods Two estimates of personal exposure of children in The Gambia to PM were compared to a directlymeasured personal PM exposure. A parsimonious mixed effects model was previously used to predict usual 72-h personal CO exposure for 1,200 children. 186 co-located 72-h cookhouse measurements of CO and PM were used to model the CO-PM relationship, with the model including a natural spline t o account for non-linearity. In addition, for 60 children time-location-activity budgets and continuous PM measurement in the cookhouse were used to calculate a second estimate of personal PM exposure. For 25 children, these two estimates were compared to a direct measurement of personal PM exposure. Results 72-h CO and PM concentrations in the cookhouse had a correlation coefficient of 0.85. Based on Bayesian model selection, the CO-PM relationship was best described by a model including CO with a natural spline with 2 degrees of freedom, type of fuel used, season of measurement, and study site. Preliminary results show a mean calculated 72-h PM exposure on children of 112 ± 32 µg/m3. Conclusion Children's exposure to PM2.5 in The Gambia is well above WHO Air Quality Guidelines. The results of multiple measurement methods can be combined to estimate children's personal PM2.5 exposure.
Phylogenetic origins of two cleistothecial fungi, Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium orbiculoides, within the operculate discomycetes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractParsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of representative taxa of Pezizomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes, all strongly support the cleistothecial fungi Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium orbiculoides to be of pezizalean origin. Previous hypotheses of close affinities with cleistothecial or highly reduced fungi now placed in the Thelebolales, Eurotiales or Onygenales are rejected. Orbicula parietina and L. orbiculoides are deeply nested within Pyronemataceae (which subsumes the families Ascodesmidaceae, Glaziellaceae and Otideaceae). LSU rDNA sequences suggest that Orbicula is nested within the apothecia-forming genus Pseudombrophila (including Nannfeldtiella and Fimaria) and that L. orbiculoides is closely related. Ascodesmis and Lasiobolus, which have been suggested as closely related to Orbicula and Lasiobolidium, are identified as a sister lineage to the Pseudombrophila lineage. Cleistothecial forms that have lost the ascus operculum and ability to discharge spores actively have evolved at least once in the Pseudombrophila lineage. Some species of Pseudombrophila produce subglobular ascomata initials that are closed early in development and open only in the mid-mesohymenial phase. We hypothesize that, in the Pseudombrophila lineage, ascomata forms that never open are derived from ascomata that open late in development. The placement of O. parietina and L. orbiculoides within Pseudombrophila is supported by morphological characters, ecology and temperature optima for fruiting.Keywordsascoma evolutionmolecular phylogeneticsPezizalesPseudombrophilaPyronemataceae We wish to thank the curator at C for arranging loan of material, Jens H. Petersen for use of his photographs (Figs. 1–3, 9 and 10), Gustavo Romero for assembling the photographic plates, and Thomas Læssøe and Katherine F. LoBuglio for comments on the manuscript. This research was financially supported by an NSF grant to KH and DHP (DEB-0315940).