jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
100,000 Miles of Fueling 5.9L Cummins Engines with 100% Biodiesel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Two Cummins B5.9L engines were fueled with 100% biodiesel in excess of 48 months by the Agricultural Engineering Department at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The engines used to power Dodge pickups. The engine lubricating oil was sampled at 1000 mile intervals for analysis. Statistical analysis of the engine lubricating oil indicated that the wear metal levels in the lubricating oil were normal. A reduction in power was noted when the engines were tested using a chassis dynamometer. The 1991 pickup has been driven 110,451 km and the 1992 pickup has been driven approximately 177,022 km. The pickups averaged 6.9 km/L. Engine fuel efficiency and material compatibility issues are addressed in the paper.</div>
Retrospective examination of the healthcare 'journey' of chronic orofacial pain patients referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To gain a deeper understanding of the clinical journey taken by orofacial pain patients from initial presentation in primary care to treatment by oral and maxillofacial surgery.Design Retrospective audit.Sample and methods Data were collected from 101 consecutive patients suffering from chronic orofacial pain, attending oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics between 2009 and 2010. Once the patients were identified, information was drawn from their hospital records and referral letters, and a predesigned proforma was completed by a single examiner (EVB). Basic descriptive statistics and non-parametric inferential statistical techniques (Krushal-Wallis) were used to analyse the data.Data and discussion Six definitive orofacial pain conditions were represented in the data set, 75% of which were temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Individuals within our study were treated in nine different hospital settings and were referred to 15 distinct specialties. The mean number of consultations received by the patients in our study across all care settings is seven (SD 5). The mean number of specialities that the subjects were assessed by was three (SD 1). The sample set had a total of 341 treatment attempts to manage their chronic orofacial pain conditions, of which only 83 (24%) of all the treatments attempted yielded a successful outcome.Conclusion Improved education and remuneration for primary care practitioners as well as clear care pathways for patients with chronic orofacial pain should be established to reduce multiple re-referrals and improve efficiency of care. The creation of specialist regional centres for chronic orofacial pain may be considered to manage severe cases and drive evidence-based practice.
Effects of the Timing of Foliar Application and Concentrations of Growth Regulators on the Mineral Content of Pistachio Leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pistachio is one of the economically important horticultural crops in Iran. The main pistachio-producing areas in Iran are located at the edge of the desert and are affected by soil and water salinity. Water and nutrient uptake by the root decreases under saline conditions. In this study, the effects of foliar growth regulators applied at different times on the nutrient uptake and leaf nutrient content of pistachio trees were examined in accordance with a split-plot experimental design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The field experiment was conducted with a group of 30-year-old pistachio trees that have been exposed to water and soil salinity. Experimental factors included the timing of foliar application and the applied concentrations of plant growth regulators. The timing of foliar application was the main factor and was split into three levels: application on May 21th, June 21th, and May 21th + June 21th. Different concentrations of plant growth regulators, including sodium nitroprusside, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid, were split into ten levels and were designated as the sub-factor. Results showed that the timing of application and the applied concentration of plant growth regulators affected root nutrient uptake and leaf nutrient content. The one-time application of plant growth regulators in June and the two-stage application of plant growth regulators in May and June resulted in the highest increase in leaf nutrient content compared with the control treatment. The application of low and moderate concentrations of plant growth regulators increased leaf nutrient content compared with the control treatment. High concentrations of plant growth regulators exerted no significant effects on leaf nutrient content.
Clinical Research Novel Oral Anticoagulants and the Risk of Major Hemorrhage in Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The novel oral anticoagulants, including dabigatran and rivaroxaban, differ in their degree of renal excretion. Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case-control study in patients 66 years and older with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (excluding patients undergoing chronic dialysis) who received an oral anticoagulant between April 2006 and March 2013. We calculated odds ratios for hospitalization with a major hemorrhagic event and receipt of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin in the preceding 60 days. We also performed a sensitivity analysis to investigate whether a relationship exists between major hemorrhage and advanced age (age < 80 years or � 80 years). Results: We identified 237,409 patients with CKD, 4470 (1.9%) of whom experienced a major hemorrhage. We matched these patients RESUME
Cytokine Production in Canine PBMC after Bartonella Henselae Infection

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease. Although cats are the main zoonotic reservoirs of Bartonella spp., unusual cases of cat scratch disease caused by a domestic dog scratch have been recently reported. For the in vivo B. henselae infection, eight dogs were inoculated intradermally with 2 × 10?CFU of B. henselae Houston-1 suspended in 1 ㎖ of phosphate buffered saline on day 0 and subsequent injections of the same amount given intradermally on days 21, 28, 36, 58 and 64. After in vivo canine B. henselae infection was confirmed by nested PCR, the IFN-γ levels of the culture supernatant of PBMC stimulated with B. henselae was significantly higher in the B. henselae-PCR positive group than the B. henselae-PCR negative group. Our results showed that the canine immune responses against B. henselae were different from those of cats. Th1 activation by B. henselae stimulation was characterized in dog peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas Th2 activation was reported in B. henselae-infected cats.
27.3: Efficient Red Organic Electroluminescent Devices Based on a Novel co‐Host Emitter System

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We have developed an efficient red OLED device based on the fluorescent dye DCJTB doped in a novel co‐host matrix system of 9,10‐di(2‐naphthyl) anthracene (ADN) and Alq 3 , which achieved a luminance efficiency of 4.2– 5.5 cd/A at 20 mA/cm 2 with a CIE x, y color coordinate of [0.64, 0.35] – [0.62, 0.37]. At high ADN concentration (>60%), this co‐hosted emitter system has the advantage of alleviating the current‐induced fluorescence quenching problem often encountered in red organic EL devices and greatly improves the EL efficiency over a wide range of drive current conditions.
Spatial and temporal analysis of eastern Bering Sea echo integration-trawl survey and catch data of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, for 2001 and 2002

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is charged with determining whether fisheries for walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, affect ecosystem function, specifically, any adverse impacts on endangered species. Although the spatial and temporal scale of fisheries impacts are an important concern, analyzing fisheries interactions at fine spatial scales is hindered by the resolution of available data. Our study had two goals: to analyze echo integration-trawl (EIT) survey data in association with observer catch records to evaluate the intensity of the walleye pollock fisheries, and to define the spatiotemporal resolution reasonable given the dynamic nature of the resource and the limitations of the data. In this analysis we used the concept of Observed Catch to Survey Biomass Ratio (OCSBR) as a tool to measure fishery intensity at local levels. The OCSBR is the ratio of observed catch to EIT survey estimated biomass in a given area for a specified period of time. The OCSBR should not necessarily be considered a proxy for the local exploitation rate. This analysis addresses how varying temporal and spatial resolution changes the OCSBR value. A correlation analysis is used to determine the temporal and spatial scale at which OCSBR is a reasonable measure of fishing intensity.
ASHA 2007 Zemlin Memorial Award Lecture: The Neural Control of Speech

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Speech production involves coordinated processing in many regions of the brain. To better understand these processes, our research team has designed, tested, and refined a neural network model whose components correspond to brain regions involved in speech. Babbling and imitation phases are used to train neural mappings between phonological, articulatory, auditory, and somatosensory representations. After learning, the model can produce combinations of the sounds it has learned by commanding movements of an articulatory synthesizer. Computer simulations of the model account for a wide range of experimental findings, including data on acquisition of speaking skills, articulatory kinematics, and brain activity during speech. The model is also being used to investigate speech motor disorders, such as stuttering, apraxia of speech, and ataxic dysarthria. These projects compare the effects of damage to particular regions of the model to the kinematics, acoustics, or brain activation patterns of speakers with similar damage. Finally, insights from the model are being used to guide the design of a brain-computer interface for providing prosthetic speech to profoundly paralyzed individuals.
Inferring gene targets of drugs and chemical compounds from gene expression profiles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Finding genes which are directly perturbed or targeted by drugs is of great interest and importance in drug discovery. Several network filtering methods have been created to predict the gene targets of drugs from gene expression data based on an ordinary differential equation model of the gene regulatory network (GRN). A critical step in these methods involves inferring the GRN from the expression data, which is a very challenging problem on its own. In addition, existing network filtering methods require computationally intensive parameter tuning or expression data from experiments with known genetic perturbations or both. Results: We developed a method called DeltaNet for the identification of drug targets from gene expression data. Here, the gene target predictions were directly inferred from the data without a separate step of GRN inference. DeltaNet formulation led to solving an underdetermined linear regression problem, for which we employed least angle regression (DeltaNet-LAR) or LASSO regularization (DeltaNet-LASSO). The predictions using DeltaNet for expression data of Escherichia coli , yeast, fruit fly and human were significantly more accurate than those using network filtering methods, namely mode of action by network identification (MNI) and sparse simultaneous equation model (SSEM). Furthermore, DeltaNet using LAR did not require any parameter tuning and could provide computational speed-up over existing methods. Conclusion: DeltaNet is a robust and numerically efficient tool for identifying gene perturbations from gene expression data. Importantly, the method requires little to no expert supervision, while providing accurate gene target predictions. Availability and implementation: DeltaNet is available on http://www.cabsel.ethz.ch/tools/DeltaNet . Contact: rudi.gunawan@chem.ethz.ch Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Optimization of Tetrigona apicalis Propolis Extract using Glycerol Solvent with Shaking Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tetrigona apicalis were known as lebah penyengat and its can be produce propolis were extracted by metode shaking ultrasound-assisted extraction (SUAE), which produces perfect extraction, higher yield and active content, and a shorter time. The purpose of this research were fined the optimum conditions for extracted its by using the SUAE method in glycerol solvent. It were done to raw propolis with size reduced, then solvent was added and macerated using shaker. It was processed with a sonicator, than filtered. The solvent used 70% glycerol, and the results of the propolis extract are processed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions of its process from the yield response shown were a stirring time of 28.76 minutes and an ultrasonic process time of 23.94 minutes with a yield of 4.238%. Based on statistical analysis using Minitab Version 19 software, stirring time and ultrasonic processing time are factors that have a significant influence on the yield of propolis extract produced. The model used is a quadratic model with R2 0.9191. A quadratic equation model was obtained which states the relationship between propolis extract yield and the varied factors X = 0.865 + 0.0091A – 0.0186B – 0.000006A2 + 0.00370.B2 + 0.00215AB
The Use of In Situ Behavioral Skills Training to Improve Staff Implementation of the PEAK Relational Training System

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study evaluated the effectiveness of an in situ behavioral skills training program for training 3 direct care staff to implement the Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Relational Training System (PEAK) with 3 individuals with autism. PEAK is an evidence-based behavior analytic language development curriculum that uses discrete trials to promote the emergence of language. The data suggest that behavioral skills training improved staff implementation of PEAK and resulted in a corresponding improvement in selected language skills across 2 of 3 learners with autism.
Kajian besaran angkutan sedimen pada Sungai Larona Kab. Luwu Timur dengan menggunakan beberapa metode empiris

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In 2023, the Larona River in Pongkeru Village overflowed, inundating several residents' houses. One of the factors causing this was the shallowing of the river due to sedimentation in the Larona River. The river flow also transported sediment materials from the erosion process carried by the water flow. This study aims to determine the estimated rate of bottom sediment transport using the Einstein and Mayer Peter Muller methods on the Larona River located in Pongkeru Village, Malili District, East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province using the Einstein and Mayer Peter Muller equations. This study uses a quantitative research method with sediment as the dependent variable, river depth (h), river width (L) as independent variables. The results of this study indicate that the volume of sediment rate of the Larona River using the Einstein Method was obtained at 1,338 m3/day under normal conditions and 1,729 m3/day under flood conditions, for the Meyer Peter Muller method it was obtained at 7,391 m3/day under normal conditions and 18,741 m3/day under flood conditions.
Soil seed bank of an upland calcareous grassland after 6 years of climate and mangement manipulations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The soil seed bank of limestone grassland plots was investigated after 6 years of manipulation of temperature, rainfall, fertility and disturbance. An inoculum of seeds of species alien to the site was also added to the experiment. The seed bank was largely made up of species that were native to the site and had small, persistent seeds. Large‐seeded species, whether native or introduced, were rare or absent in the seed bank. Small‐seeded species were generally more deeply buried than large‐seeded species. Total seed density was comparable with that of other limestone grasslands. Significant climate effects were few, although the seed bank of the winter annual Arabidopsis thaliana was increased by summer drought and that of Cerastium fontanum was increased by winter heating. The density of seeds of native species declined in response to disturbance and increased fertility treatments, while that of introduced species increased. Changes in the seed bank lagged behind changes in the vegetation, with introduced species making up a higher proportion of the vegetation than of the seed bank after 6 years of manipulation.
The Development and Application of High-Performance Ultra-High Strength Stainless Steel Subject to Marine Environment

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An alloy chemical composition of a new ultra-high strength stainless has been successfully designed through strengthening mechanisms of carbide and intermetallic compounds. The forging round bar with diameter of 200 mm has been manufactured by means of ultra-high purity smelting and the whole process technologies of micro-unit refinement and phase change control. It was revealed that the developed steel assumes tensile strength of 1960MPa, elongation of 13.5%, fracture toughness K IC greater than 90MPa·m 1/2 , and K ISCC greater 60MPa·m 1/2 . Based on the microstructural observation and phase identification, it was found that the M 2 C and the Laves phase were precipitated in the martensitic laths and a small amount of austenite phase was retained in between the Martensitic lath interfaces, which were related to the improved strength and toughness of the developed steel. Furthermore, it was indicated that the steel also presents high fatigue properties and good high-temperature mechanical properties. The corrosion resistance of the steel is equivalent to that of 15-5PH stainless steel but much better than that of the Aermet100 steel under the condition of the marine atmosphere and sea water immersion. This developed steel can be applied in marine corrosive environment without the surface protection and thus can save the expensive maintenance costs and avoid environmental pollution. Based on the promising properties, it was concluded that the developed steel has wide application prospects in the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, advanced machinery, and advanced machinery manufacturing and other high-tech.
Pelatihan Teknik Fotografi EDFAT Mahasiswa UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan untuk Meningkatkan Pesan Visual Moderasi Beragama

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the digital era, journalistic photography has a strategic role in conveying effective messages through visual elements. Visually, the use of journalistic photography is not only used as a complement to text news, but helps readers understand the messages in an event more clearly and in depth. Among the messages that can be conveyed through journalistic photography is the visual message of religious moderation, which includes the value of tolerance, openness, and harmony between religious believers. Using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, this research aims to implement EDFAT (Entire, Detail, Frame, Angle, Time) photography technique training for the students of UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan who have an interest and focus on the field of Islamic journalism. Through this training, students are equipped with technical photography skills to produce journalistic photography works that can support the amplification of religious moderation messages in digital media. This research concludes that the EDFAT technique is a relevant method for producing photographic works that are not only visually attractive but also effective in amplifying messages of religious moderation.
Smoking as a risk factor for survival in heart transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Smoking is thought to reduce life expectancy in heart transplant patients, as well as to prolong intubation times, though the evidence is limited. Objectives: To analyse heart transplant patients, comparing active smokers, past smokers and non-smokers, in terms cardiovascular risk factors, postoperative complications and mortality. Methods: Search the Centre´s database for heart transplant patients from November 26th 2003 to December 27th 2014. Results: 284 patients were transplanted,162 non-smokers, 37 active smokers, 65 past smokers. 92.6% of active or past smokers and 65.4% of non-smokers were male (p<0.001). There was a difference in the incidence of hypertension (27.1% non-smokers, 35.1% active smokers, 61.1% past-smokers, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (36.4% vs 58.4% vs 70.5%, p<0.001) and peripheral vascular disease (22.2% vs 40.5% vs 47%, p<0.001). Age was not significantly different (p:0.659), neither was BMI (p:0.134), renal function (p:0.849) or NYHA class (p:0.545). Preoperatively non-smokers had more valvular disease (18.8%), whilst smokers had coronary disease (active: 13.3%, past: 51.1%) (p<0.001). Ventilation time was not different (p:0.961) nor were perioperative complications (p:0.504). The incidence of respiratory infections was different (46.9% vs 40.5% vs 61.1%, p:0.046). There was no difference in the incidence of cancer (p:0.158). Overall survival was greater in non-smokers and worse in former smokers. Conclusion: Former smokers presented more risk factors and faired worse postoperatively, displaying lower survival compared to other groups. This suggests that smoking cessation, whilst important, needs to be accompanied with control of other risk factors in order to minimise coronary disease.
Airborne laser fluorosensors: Valuable tools for response to marine and terrestrial oil spills

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Distinguishing between oiled and non-oiled ocean surfaces is a difficult task at the best of times. Add to it, the multitude of spectral signatures that can be present on a beach or shoreline environment and the task becomes even more difficult. There are many situations where oil look-alikes or false targets can confuse not only human observers but advanced remote sensing equipment as well. In order to properly distinguish oil from non-oiled surfaces, a primary characteristic of oil must be detected. The laser induced fluorescence spectral signature of oil and related petroleum products is just such a characteristic. Different classes of oil fluoresce with characteristic spectral signatures. These signatures can be used to identify the class of oil contaminant in complex marine and terrestrial environments. This type of environment provides a serious challenge to other sensors including infrared and ultraviolet systems. Here the number of false targets can be large, and the positive detection of oil by conventional sensors impossible. This paper will review the development of laser fluorosensors; at Environment Canada and around the globe. In addition to a review of specific sensors, a review of the applications of airborne laser fluorosensors will be presented.