jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Evidence from India and Nepal

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the macroeconomic determinants of bilateral trade between Nepal and India using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze both short-term and long-term dynamics. The analysis reveals that the GDP of both Nepal and India significantly impacts Nepal's exports, emphasizing the critical role of economic growth in enhancing trade. Financial development and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are also found to positively influence Nepal's export performance, highlighting the importance of a robust financial sector and foreign investment. Conversely, Nepal's GDP hurts imports from India, indicating a shift towards domestic production as the economy grows, while India's GDP positively influences Nepalese imports. Financial development further facilitates imports, underscoring the significance of financial infrastructure. Although Indian lending interest rates and FDI inflows showed varied significance, their directional impacts align with theoretical expectations. The study also confirms the stability of the ARDL model through diagnostic tests, reinforcing the reliability of the results. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers aiming to bolster trade relations between Nepal and India, emphasizing the need for macroeconomic stability, financial development, and targeted FDI policies to foster economic growth and regional integration.
‘Wars of Resistance and Rebellion: The Myth of Protest and Popular Dissent against the Vietnam War in Australia and Canada’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article traces the history of war resistance in both Australia and Canada during the era of the War in Vietnam that became so culturally resonant with popular dissent from the status quo. Unlike all other major international conflicts in the twentieth century, this war represented a point of departure for Canada and Australia. Australia faithfully committed fully to the American effort, while Canada refused to commit militarily, shifting its focus to one of diplomacy. This article provides a comparison of acts of resistance to the war, arguing that while the two countries resisted the war differently a sense of national identity shifted for both, even if slowly and subtly. The history of war and nationalism engendered through its engagement needs to be nuanced enough to view acts of resistance and protest as being integrally bound together. The inevitably politicised nature of war means that the memory of war and its practice is often viewed in complete distinction and isolation from war resistance and the memory of anti-war protest. War and war resistance, I argue, are not binary opposites, not two sides of the same socio-political coin. Instead, it calls for a consideration of these issues together and critically, not artificially separating war from peace and warring from acts of resistance to it.
The European national and regional systems of innovation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

One of the most important economic events in recent decades has been the ongoing process of European integration. This book provides a basic yet rigorous understanding of the current issues and problems of economic integration and innovation in Europe, and argues that national or regional economic development depends mainly on technical change, social and human capital, and knowledge creation and diffusion. This is clearly evident in the role of the quadruple innovation helix of government, university, industry and civil society.
Suitability of different maize hybrids for development of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), the Indian meal moth (IMM), is a major lepidopteran storage pest worldwide. IMM larvae can be found in high abundance in stored maize and cause huge losses in seed germination and seed viability. This work aimed to assess the susceptibility of six maize hybrids (NS 6140, NS 640, NS 1090, NS 444 - dent type, NS 620k - pop-corn type, Red-aleurone maize - maize with an altered aleuron color) to IMM attack and suitability for pest's development. Standard laboratory diet (SLD) was used as a positive control. Under laboratory conditions, the following IMM life history parameters were monitored: larval mortality, mean developmental duration (egg to adult), adult emergence, adult lifespan and female fecundity. Kernel susceptibility was determined based on the Susceptibility Index (SI). The highest mortality of IMM larvae was on NS 620k (35.25%) compared to the other maize hybrids (11.2-19.5%). The highest number of emerged adults was on Red-aleurone maize (17.5), and the lowest on NS 620k (4.0). The longest lifespan was recorded for moths reared on NS 6140 and NS 640 (8.5 and 8.7 days, respectively). The highest female fecundity was on SLD (115.8 eggs), on Red-aleurone maize (44.3 eggs), while females reared on NS 620k laid the lowest number of eggs (22.8 eggs). Moths reared on NS 620k had the shortest body sizes (0.9 cm), which indicated reduced moths fitness. SI showed that Redaleurone maize (SI=7.79) was the most susceptible to IMM attack, while NS 620k (SI=3.08) was the least susceptible.
Human vascular cell responses to the circulating bone hormone osteocalcin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the direct effects of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) on vascular cell biology in vitro, to assess its potential function in pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were treated with ucOCN (0.1–50 ng/ml) and changes in phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, monolayer permeability, and protein secretion were measured. In HAECs, phosphorylated JNK and CREB were decreased with ucOCN ( p < 0.05). In HASMCs, phosphorylated p70S6K and NF‐ΚB were increased by ucOCN ( p < 0.05). Cell proliferation increased in both cell types dose dependently which was blocked by AKT and ERK pathway inhibitors. ucOCN did not affect cell permeability, angiogenesis, or migration. The direct activity of ucOCN on vascular cells is recognized, particularly its proliferative effects. However, at least in physiological settings, it does not appear that osteocalcin may directly promote atherogenesis based on the outcomes measured.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Disubstituted Cyclic Ethers. Syntheses of (‐)‐cis‐Rose Oxide and (cis‐6‐Methyltetrahydropyran‐2‐yl)acetic Acid.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The cyclic lactones (I), (IV), or (VII) are coupled with the ketene acetal (II) in the presence of triethylsilane and Lewis acid catalyst systems containing antimony(V) to produce the cyclic ethers (III), (V), or (VIII) which bear the ethoxycarbonyl methyl group at position 2. The ratio of cis/trans‐isomers is determined by the substitution pattern.
Palliative care knowledge and attitudes towards end-of-life care of nurses in tertiary hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Efforts to increase access to palliative care (PC) must consider healthcare providers’ level of knowledge and attitude because both affect the quality of services. Nurses play essential roles in the delivery of PC, including end-of-life care. Objectives: The study aimed to describe nurses’ readiness to provide PC in Oman by measuring PC knowledge and attitudes towards end-of-life care. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. The Palliative Care Knowledge Questionnaire and the Modified Frommelt Attitude towards the Care of the Dying Scale were used to collect data from nurses (n = 1469) practising in government tertiary hospitals across Oman. Results: The nurses exhibited suboptimal PC knowledge and positive attitudes towards end-of-life care. Significant differences were noted in some domains of knowledge and attitudes of nurses with different levels of professional experience. Attitude towards end-of-life care was associated with experience, caring for a dying family member, education and training in PC, religiosity, spirituality and age, but none was a significant predictor. The predictors of PC knowledge were gender, caring for a dying family member and education and training in PC. Conclusion: Nurses in tertiary care settings in Oman have positive attitudes towards end-of-life care, but they lack optimal PC knowledge. The gaps in knowledge could be attributed to professional education, training and experience. Contribution: The identified gaps in nurses’ PC knowledge could influence the provision of PC. Interventions are needed to sustain optimal knowledge and competencies to deliver quality PC to patients and their families.
Determination of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine of autistic children by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We proposed a simple, rapid method for a routine analysis of human urine to detect HVA and VMA related to an abnormal functional imbalance of the dopamine system, and showed our experience of application of this method to patients with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. These results suggest significant differences in the levels of HVA and VMA between autistic and healthy children.
Evaluation of the Effect of the 47 kDa Protein Isolated from Aged Garlic Extract on Dendritic Cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Upon treatment with DCs with 47 kDa protein, DCs down regulated the expression of costimulatory and MHC-II surface molecules, which is similar to tolerogenic DC phenotype. According to the results of the present study, we found that 47 kDa protein purified from AGE can be considered as a potential candidate to generate tolerogenic DCs in vitro.
Incorporating Real-World Noisy Speech in Neural-Network-Based Speech Enhancement Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supervised speech enhancement relies on parallel databases of degraded speech signals and their clean reference signals during training. This setting prohibits the use of real-world degraded speech data that may better represent the scenarios where such systems are used. In this paper, we explore methods that enable supervised speech enhancement systems to train on real-world degraded speech data. Specifically, we propose a semi-supervised approach for speech enhancement in which we first train a modified vector-quantized variational autoencoder that solves a source separation task. We then use this trained autoencoder to further train an enhancement network using real-world noisy speech data by computing a triplet-based unsupervised loss function. Experiments show promising results for incorporating real-world data in training speech enhancement systems.
The Histone Deacetylases MoRpd3 and MoHst4 Regulate Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

HDACs (histone deacetylases) regulate various aspects of growth, development, and pathogenesis in plant-pathogenic fungi. Most members of HDAC classes I to III have been functionally characterized, except for orthologous Rpd3 and Hst4, in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae .
Historical Memory and the Construction of Adult Education Knowledge: The Role of Selectivity in Majoritarian Narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Adult education historical narratives tend to reflect a majoritarian view in which the theoretical formulations of African American and other persons of color tend to be minimized or forgotten. Drawing on the concept of counter narrative and Ricoeur’s concept of “happy forgetting”, we argue that selectivity in constructing adult education historical knowledge overlooks scholarship in the past 20 years that highlight the theoretical and programmatic contributions to adult education of African American adult educators. We offer two examples for discussion and propose that challenging majoritarian narratives involves conscious and critical reflection on historical method and the re-telling of counter narratives as a step toward reconstructing adult education historical knowledge.
Supplementary Table 3 from Gene Expression Profiling using Nanostring Digital RNA Counting to Identify Potential Target Antigens for Melanoma Immunotherapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>XLSX file - 93K, Supplemental Table S3. TUMORS: 1 2 3 4 5 6 MELANOMA RELATED GENES.</p>
Evaluation of a paper and electronic pictorial COPD action plan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Personalised written action plans are increasingly regarded as an important component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) self-management support and yet they may not be understood by those with limited literacy skills. This study was designed to produce a comprehensible pictorial COPD action plan for use by patients and health care professionals. With advice from a group of doctors and nurses a 'standard' written COPD action plan was translated by a medical artist into a series of pictorial images. These were assessed using the techniques of guessability and translucency in 21 adults attending a COPD clinic in a London hospital. Guessability and translucency scores show that pictograms were reasonably well understood, with only 3 pictograms showing low score in both guessability and translucency questionnaires. These included images depicting increased sputum production, swollen ankles, and use of extra doses of reliever medication. However, after brief spoken reinforcement about self-management, most patients could use the pictorial plan to suggest appropriate self-management behaviour such as when to access medical care. We have developed a pictorial COPD action plan. Pictorial methods represent an effective method of reinforcing the spoken word for all ranges of literacy.
The Public Health Nurse in Student Recruitment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Miss Johnson (Sarah Leigh Hospital School of Nursing. Norfolk, Va., B.S.; University of Virginia; M.P.H., University of North Carolina) has been on the nursing staff of the District Health Department (Orange, Person, Chatham, and Lee Counties) Chapel Hill, North Carolina, since 19–48. She is now senior nurse in the Roxboro office. For a number of years, she was field representative of the nursing education division of J. B. Lippincott Company, and she has been on the faculties of nursing schools in North Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia.
A comprehensive method for evaluating and reducing risk factors for project implementation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Risk analysis has been broadly used to make assessments for many \nbusiness sectors. Consequently, risk-based decision-making is a dynamic \npractice that should be deliberated when a list of projects and restrictions \nare being assessed. Risk management practices are comprehensive in \nrecognizing and evaluating all potential risks. Risk management events as \nwell as risk evaluation assist the project managers to achieve the related \nrisks factors and take applicable arrangements in decreasing the degree of \nsignificant risks thus give a significant contribution to a manageable \nenhancement. It is needed to create a technique and system to assess \nevaluate as well as manage risk elements effectively in advance. A \nquestionnaire-based survey approach was chosen in the study to \ninvestigate risk factors allocated to manufacturing companies in Malaysia. \nSurvey questions were adopted from previous works with slight \namendments, pre-tested, and weighed for validity and reliability. Four key \nrisk factors sets: project scope and organization, project management, \nbusiness/financial, and operational, with 89 specified risk sources/ causes \nprocesses were considered in the model. The likelihood of occurrence of \neach risk factors was assessed by respondents with the use of a 5-grade \nLikert scale. This approach was used to quantify risk elements, and use \nthem to estimate the overall project risk. The collected data has been \nanalysed through SPSS. Results showed that more consideration was \nobserved for Operational risk factors with respect to occurrence and \ninfluence. The proposed of this risk assessment model is developed based \non the use of situational factors to predict project risks. As a result, a \nquestionnaire based software was developed to fit the process of \nevaluation and reducing risk factors before and during implementation of \nprojects execution phase. In this research, by suggesting a comprehensive risk based decision making model, the effective agents of resource impact \nin the process of risk identification, plan and control during financial global \ncrisis have be identified and also identification of the effective criteria and \nsub-criteria in each of the identified agents. The software with a high ability \nof modelling and analyzing risks of the projects which is most suitable for \nindustrial application was developed. The method, was be ready to use by \nthe industrial practitioners for the successful completion of their projects, \nand also indirectly improves manufacturing project management practices, \nand as a result minimizes losses and increases profitability.
Comparison of the Prognosis between pT3a Only Patients with Perirenal Fat Invasion and T1/T2 Patients, Respectively: Is It Necessary to Revise Stage T3a?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: As compared with pathologic stages T1 and T2, we aimed to investigate the difference of the prognosis for the patients with perirenal fat invasion (pT3a), and the patients were divided into two groups by the tumor size of 7cm.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Of the 503 patients who underwent an operation for renal cell carcinoma between June 1995 and April 2004, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 455 patients with T1, T2 and T3a stage renal cell carcinoma without adrenal invasion. We evaluated the cell type, the multifocality of the tumor, the nuclear grade, the presence of a sarcomatoid component and the coagulative histologic necrosis. We divided the patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma into two groups according to the tumor size of 7cm (Group 1; �돞7cm pT3a, Group 2; >7cm pT3a). The overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. We used Student's t-test to compare each factors between groups 1 and 2 and the T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The prognostic factors that had an influence on survival were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model in each group.\n\nResults: After the exclusion criteria (the presence of adrenal invasion in pT3a patients) were applied, 24 patients were in group 1, 23 patients were in group 2, 328 patients had pT1 disease and 80 patients had pT2 disease. The median follow-up was 45.4 months. When group 1 was compared to the pT1 group, there was no significantly difference of the estimated survival (p=0.21). There was a similar result when comparing the estimated survival between group 2 and the pT2 group (p=0.80).\n\nConclusions: No significant difference exists for the disease specific survival when patients with pT3a disease (Groups 1 and 2) are compared to the patients with either pT1 or pT2 disease. These findings reveal that patients with pT3a disease without adrenal invasion have similar outcomes to patients with either with pT1 or pT2 disease. Therefore, our result suggests that pT3a tumor should be re-classified according to tumor size into pT3a without adrenal invasion.
Positioning and identification technologies : hardware and firmware for next generation positioning and wireless communication system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report consists of two major parts: (i) Implementation of a real time GPS/SINS (Global Positioning System/Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) test-bed, and (ii) Implementation of IEEE802.11 a test-bed. The objective of the real time GPS/SINS test-bed is to implement a real time GPS aided Strapdown INS (SINS) system and to analyze its performance. The GPS/SINS loosely coupled integrated system provides error estimates of vehicle position, velocities and attitude angles. Although the Kalman filter states are estimated currently at a rate of 1 Hz, the data rate of SINS is 20 Hz and with higher rates possible. Lan vehicle test results show that the position accuracy of GPS/SINS with a low cost IMU, the MotionPak II IMU, is nearly the same as that of GPS receiver only. With complete loss of GPS signals up to 10 seconds of GPS outages, position error is shown to be less than 10 meters.
Stereotactic radiosurgery with oxygen radiosensitization in the treatment of multiforme glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma multiforme (mGBM) is the most frequent and most primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system. Despite current standard treatment protocols such as aggressive surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, the aggressive nature of mGBM results in poor survival. This is largely due to its radioresistance, due to the hypoxia of tumor cells, which are resistant to various chemotherapy regimens, including radiation therapy. Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of radiosurgical treatment of recurrence in patients with mGBM after surgical resection and chemotherapy, using oxygen radiosensitization. Materials and methods. Our study included 26 patients with relapsed mGBM who underwent SRS with oxygen radiosensitization. 12 patients were the control group, without radiosensitization. The study primarily determined the role of oxygen radiosensitization of the tumor, the dose of radiosurgical treatment, the volume of the tumor, and the degree of oxygenation according to MRI data (BOLD programs). Oxygenation was carried out using the Oxy 6000 oxygenator. The effectiveness of radiosurgical treatment was assessed by overall and recurrence-free survival, as well as by the degree of treatment toxicity. The results. Median overall survival (OSS) was 20 months in patients who received SRS with radiosensitization compared with 12 months in those who received SRS without radiosensitization. Relapse-free survival (FFS) in the study group was 15 months, against 8 in the control group (p = 0.004; X 2 = 8.166). Conclusion. SRS is a fairly effective and reliable strategy in the treatment of recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme after surgical resection of the tumor and chemoradiotherapy. Radiosensitization with oxygen during SRS of hypoxic radioresistant glioblastomas improves overall survival by 60.0% and recurrence-free survival by 53.3% compared to the control group. Oxygen is a powerful radiosensitizer that significantly increases the radiosensitivity of tumor cells by increasing the oxygen saturation of hypoxic cells.