jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The concurrent conferences: The Washington Naval Conference and the Far Eastern Affairs Conference of 1922

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Washington Naval Conference and the Far Eastern Affairs Conference of 1922 occurred concurrently and were the first major post-World War I conferences to address post-war issues. The Washington Naval Conference sought to avoid the outbreak of future hostilities by reducing the total tonnage of capital ships in each signatory nation’s fleet to only that of a defensive force. The Far Eastern Affairs Conference sought to modify and modernize the relations of its signatories in China to create stability by removing many of potential sources of future conflicts due to conflicted diplomatic privileges. Both conferences had successes and failures diplomatically but both worked concurrently to create a system of treaties that helped create peace and stability in Europe and Asia for a decade. This examination of both conferences is unique because it uses materials from during the conferences and written afterwards to provide a new examination of these events.
Earthquake magnitude potential of the Intermountain Seismic Belt, USA, from surface-parameter scaling of late Quaternary faults

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two of the largest historical earthquakes documented for the United States occurred within the past four decades in a zone of anomalous seismicity in the western interior of the country known as the Intermountain Seismic Belt (ISB). Paleoseismology has revealed the presence of major active faults throughout this region, some of them extending through densely populated area. This study presents mean-value estimates of the maximum earthquake magnitudes that can be expected from 65 of the most prominent late Quaternary fault segments of the ISB using surface rupture parameters. Linear, least-squares regressions of magnitude on surface rupture length, L, maximum surface displacement, D, and DL, respectively, were computed for an updated worldwide set of historical, normal-slip earthquakes. These were compared with similar regressions from other publications, and it was found that a DL-based formula restricted to normal-faulting mechanisms has a relatively high correlation, low standard deviation, and tends to yield magnitudes between those given by D and L alone. This last property is useful for applications to the ISB prehistoric data, where the record of historical, ground-rupturing earthquakes is too sparse to estimate the proportions in which D and L are likely to contribute to seismic energy release of a fault. Application of regressions to published paleoseismic displacements and estimated earthquake segment lengths for the ISB faults shows that D consistently scales a larger magnitude than the corresponding single-segment L by an average of 0.2 to 0.3 magnitude unit, after accounting for bias from the regressions. Considerations of uncertainties in paleoseismic displacements suggest that they cannot fully explain the discrepancy. Since it is known that large earthquakes often encompass multiple segments of a fault, these observations indicate that longer rupture lengths should be used to estimate maximum magnitudes for ISB faults. A dual-segment rupture scenario produces better agreement between D- and L-based magnitudes and is supported by historical and paleoseismic earthquake data from the region. Magnitudes scaled by the DL-based regression for dual-segment rupture range from Ms 6.8 to 7.5 (σm = ± 0.20), and the largest are associated with the central segments of the Wasatch fault and the Swan/Grand Valley, Teton, Madison, and East Bear Lake faults.
Systemic Reaction to Bromsulphthalein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDIBAHJONALThe plastic loop was cut on the right side (Fig. 3), the gangrenous gut resected, and an end-to-end anastomosis performed.A half- inch (12.7 mm.) incision was made at the site of rupture, the intra- uterine device dislodged, and the incision and tear repaired.Bilateral tubal ligation was done.Apart from a post-operative pyrexia which subsided on the eighth day after the operation, the patient's recovery was uneventful.
China's moody appetite for luxury goods: two factors explaining recent market trends

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the past years, the rapid emergence of the Chinese consumers as one of the driving forces behind the global luxury goods market has increasingly drawn the attention of Media and consulting firms. However, the academic literature has only recently begun to research on the topic, and mainly from business and marketing perspectives. As a result, this dissertation investigates China's growing appetite for luxury goods from a different angle, analyzing two factors that can explain why the Chinese consumers have rapidly become fundamental actors in the global luxury market.
Effect of different healing stages on stable isotope ratios in skeletal lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Physiological stress is one of the various factors that can have an impact on stable isotope ratios. However, its effect on bone collagen stable isotope ratios is still not fully understood. This study aims to build on previous research on how different disease stages may affect bone collagen stable isotope ratios. Materials and Methods Carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope ratios were assessed in 33 skeletons that retained evidence of infectious disease and healed fractures. Samples were taken from active lesions (long bones n = 14; ribs n = 4), healed lesions (long bones n = 10; ribs n = 9), or a fracture callus (long bones n = 9; ribs n = 3). Results were compared to stable isotope ratios calculated for regions on these bones that did not retain evidence of disease or fracture. Results Long bones with active lesions had a significantly higher average δ 15 N (δ 15 N = 11.1 ± 0.9‰) compared to those without lesions (δ 15 N = 10.7 ± 0.7‰; p = .02), while fracture calluses showed the largest range for both δ 15 N and δ 13 C. There were no significant differences in stable isotope ratios when compared between nonlesion and lesion sites in the ribs. Discussion The increase in δ 15 N seen in active lesions, when compared with δ 15 N from nonlesion regions on the same long bone, may be a consequence of altered protein metabolism. The high variability of δ 15 N and δ 13 C in fractures may be related to different healing stages of the calluses. This study suggests that stable isotope data can contribute information about diseases in the past, as well as an individual's response to diseases in the absence of modern medicine and antibiotics.
CircRNF13 Promotes the Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer through Targeting miR-139-5p/IGF1R Axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background. Mounting evidence has shown circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). Meanwhile, circRNAs may serve as the biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PC. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the function and underlying mechanism of circRNAs in the development of PC. Methods. The Cancer-Specific CircRNA Database (CSCD), Circular RNA Interactome database (circinteractome database), and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to verify the expression level of circRNF13 in PC cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RNase protection assay were used to detect the localization and structure of circRNF13. Then, cell functional experiments were employed to estimate the proliferated, migrated, and invasive abilities in PC. Furthermore, bioinformatic tools, luciferase dual reporter assay, and RT-qPCR were used to investigate the interaction among circRNF13, miR-139-5p, and IGF1R. Eventually, the rescue functional experiments were employed to confirm that circRNF13 targeted the miR-139-5p/IGF1R axis to participate in the development of PC. Results. CircRNF13 was overexpressed in PC cell lines compared with the normal pancreatic duct cell line. Additionally, inhibition of circRNF13 impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells. CircRNF13 could serve as the molecular sponge of miR-139-5p to inhibit its association with IGF1R that eventually accelerated the malignant progression of PC. Conclusion. CircRNF13 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA of IGF1R to inhibit the function of miR-139-5p that eventually reinforces the malignant phenotype of PC.
Point Movement Trace Vs. The Range Of Mining Exploitation Effects In The Rock Mass

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The geometric-integral theories of the rock mass point movements due to mining exploitation assume the relationship between the progress of subsidence and horizontal movement. By analysing the movement trace of a point located on the surface, and the influence of the mining exploitation in the rock mass, an equation describing the relationship between the main components of the deformation conditions was formulated. The result is consistent with the in situ observations and indicates the change of the rock mass component volume due to mining exploitation. The analyses and in situ observations demonstrate clearly that the continuity equation adopted in many solutions in the form: $\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{i = 3} {\varepsilon _{ii}= 0}$ is fundamentally incorrect.
Agrowth curve analysis of parent trainingoutcomes:examining the in£uence of child risk factors(inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivityproblems), parental and family risk factors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Parent training is one of the most effective treatments for young children with con-duct problems. However, not every family benefits from this approach and approximately one-third of children remain in the clinical range at follow-up assessments. Little is known about factors affecting treatment outcome for young children. Method: Hierarchical linear modeling methods were used to examine the effects of child attentional risk factors (inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity problems), parental and familial risk factors upon the efficacy of a parent training program to decrease boys ’ conduct problems. Mothers of 81 boys, four to seven years of age, exhibiting conduct problems attended a parent training program (The Incredible Years) which lasted 22 to 24 weeks. Treatment effectiveness was assessed at one month and one year post treatment by means of independent home observations, parent and teacher reports. Results: Results indicated significant decreases in observations of mothers ’ negative parenting interactions with their children and decreases in their conduct problems according to mother reports and independent observations at home. Boys with elevated ratings of attentional problems in addition to conduct problems showed similar benefits from the parent training pro-gram as the boys who did not have attentional problems. Conclusion: This study suggests that
New Combined Maximum Torque per Ampere-Flux Weakening Control Strategy for Vehicle Propulsion System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div>The control of electric vehicles (EVs) is ensured by the control of their in-wheel motors of electric traction chains. This article presents a new control strategy of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used in electric traction applications for high-speed operation, by combining maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control at low speeds and flux-weakening (FW) control at high speeds. This strategy allows to control with high precision and independently the torque applied to each in-wheel motor while ensuring high torque at high speeds, which is important for embedded systems. IPMSMs have been considered as a potential candidate for EV applications due to their best power density and efficiency. To ensure optimal operation of the IPMSM, a key element for the stability of the EV, the concept of the proposed method leads to combine two torque control strategies and divides the torque/speed characteristics into two zones. The validity of the proposed strategy was proved by the simulation results carried out under Matlab/Simulink. The numerical simulation of the system shows that this combined control strategy (MTPA-FW), based on the vector control of an IPMSM powered by a two-level voltage inverter, allows to offer excellent dynamics of the traction system in a wide operating speed range.</div>
Combining ability and gene action studies for seed yield and its components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A line x tester analysis using 12 lines and three testers was carried out to study the combining ability and gene action in sesame for seed yield and 14 quantitative traits. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant differences among the mean squares due to lines, testers and lines x testers for all the characters except oil content, which indicated the existence of genetic diversity among the parents and hybrids. General and specific combining ability variances showed the involvement of both type of gene actions in the inheritance of these characters. Among the lines, IC-81564, NIC-75, Borda-1 and among testers, G.Til-10 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and some of its contributing traits. The cross combination, IC-81564 x G.Til-10 showed significant and positive sca effect for seed yield per plant and involved good x good combining parents. It was followed by AT-238 x G.Til-10, NIC-75 x G.Til-4, TNAU-12 x G.Til-4, Keriya-2 x G.Til-3 and Keriya-2 x G.Til-10 which involved either good x good, good x poor or poor x poor combining parents. These crosses have been identified as best hybrids for improving seed yield per plant and could be evaluated under different environment to confirm their superiority.
Modelling the Blast Response of Assembled/Composite Ordinary Glass Windows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Finite Element (FE) numerical methods are particularly helpful in civil engineering applications, to assess the load-bearing capacity of existing or novel elements and systems. When applied to relatively simple glass windows, major challenges could arise from mechanical characterization and interaction of basic components of assembled systems, with a critical role in damage and failure detection under design actions. This is especially the case of extreme events like impact and explosions, where a multitude of aspects should be properly taken into account. This paper elaborates on some major issues and expected outcomes from FE numerical analyses carried out on composite ordinary windows, such as triple glass unit (TGU) windows, when exposed to blast loads, with evidence of possible numerical methods and damage/failure detection approaches, as well as critical performance indicators for response analysis.
1. Predictors of cardio pulmonary resuscitation outcome in post-operative cardiac children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in children with congenital heart disease has improved and many children survived after in hospital cardiac arrestthe purpose of this study is to determine predictor of poor outcome after CPR in critical children undergoing cardiac surgerywe conducted a retrospective chart review and data analysis of all CPR records and charts of all postoperative cardiac children who had cardiac arrest and required resuscitation from 2012 till 2015. Demographic, pre-operative data were reviewed and analyzed during study period 18 post-operative pediatric cardiac patients had CPR. Nine of them had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survived (50%). On average CPR was required on the 3rd postoperative day. Univariate analysis demonstrated that poor outcome was associated with higher lactic acid measured 4–6 h prior to arrest (P = 0.045) (P = 0.02) coupled with higher heart rate (P = 0.031), lower O2 saturation (P = 0.01) and lower core body temperature (P = 0.019) record 6 h before arrest. Non-survival required longer resuscitation duration and more epinephrine doses (P < 0.05) higher heart rate, lower core body temperature , lower O2 saturation and higher lactic acid measured 6 h before arrest are possible predictors of poorer outcome and mortality following CPR in post-operative cardiac children.
Varied radiographic appearences of complex odontoma - Case series and clinical-radiographic review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Odontome is most common benign odontogenic tumour. Radiographically and histologiclly it is characterized by production of mature enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue. The structural relationship vary from nondescript mass of dental tissue referred to as complex odontome and multiple well-formed teeth (denticles) known as compound odontome. Odontomes are often found during routine radiographic investigations and are the most common cause of delayed eruption of the permanent teeth and sometimes it may itself erupt in the oral cavity. We are presenting a case series of complex odontomes with varied clinical features and radiographic appearances which may be helpful for the clinician to achieve accurate diagnosis in order to avoid subsequent complications.
LHD 9O-BC01-01-NF #177736.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Cervical spondylosis and headaches.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of headaches in well documented cases of cervical spondylosis with neurological disability was reviewed. This was compared to that in a series of cases with a clinical diagnosis of tension headache in order to determine if there were any identifiable differences between the two types of headache. Fifty-nine cases of cervical spondylosis were reviewed. Five of these patients had headaches. Fifty patients with tension headaches were also reviewed. No differences were seen when location or other qualitative features of the headaches were compared between the two groups of patients. We conclude that the incidence of headache is low in cervical spondylosis and that the pattern of headache has no features that distinguish it from that of tension headache, suggesting that the pathogenesis is similar. We therefore suggest that the basis of headache in patients with cervical spondylosis is secondary muscle contraction.
Using Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Self‐Assembled Monolayers Presenting Peptides, Proteins, and Carbohydrates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Peptid- und Kohlenhydratbiochips lassen sich MALDI-massenspektrometrisch analysieren. Selbstorganisierte Monoschichten (SAMs), die mit Liganden ausgestattet sind, können zur Identifizierung selektiver Protein-Ligand- und Enzym-Substrat-Wechselwirkungen dienen. MALDI-MS lässt sich als schnelle und empfindliche Nachweismethode einsetzen, wodurch die Notwendigkeit umgangen wird, die Proteinanalyte mit Fluoreszenz- oder radioaktiven Markern zu versehen. Das Bild zeigt das Massenspektrum einer Kohlenhydrat-modifizierten SAM.
Assessment of Bias in Comparing Measurements: A Reliability Example

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comparative analyses of a variable measured twice or against a "gold standard" technique should explore the existence of any fixed and proportional biases between the 2 measurements. Levels of agreement (LOA) consider these biases together and least products regression (LPR) consider their effect independently. To compare the use of LOA and LPR, the peak torque extension (PTE) of the knee at 2.1 rad/sec during isokinetic dynamometry was obtained on 2 separate days (N = 17). The mean PTE (with standard deviations in parentheses) was found to be 93.6 (13.9) N · m on Day 1 and 92.5 (11.5) N · m on Day 2. The LOA were 1.06 ± 10.80 N · m (95% confidence), and the LPR's (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) intercept was -17.7 N · m (-37.4 to 2.03) and slope was 1.20 (1.01 to 1.40). LOA and LPR are suitable techniques to compare 2 measurements and, because the levels are large and the slope does not encompass 1, suggest that the knee's PTE at 2.1 rad/sec is unreliable.
Breast reconstruction with autologous tissue following mastectomy: two case reports of a delayed conventional transverse rectus abdominismyocutaneous (TRAM) and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDM) flap surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of death among females. Most women with breast cancer will undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or lumpectomy, simple or total mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy or bilateral mastectomy. Breast reconstruction solves many of the problems. The goal is to return the patient to a near-normal state so that she is not handicapped in her daily living. Breast reconstruction is also intended to offer psychological benefits to women treated by mastectomy following a diagnosis of possibly terminal cancer. In these case reports, we reported two successful cosmetic reconstruction cases. The first case was a 39-years-old female with non-recurrent breast cancer consulted and was referred by the oncology surgeon to the Plastic Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. She wanted to undergo breast reconstruction. We planned to operate three years following mastectomy. She was diagnosed with 3B-stage of right breast cancer before. After the surgery, the patient received six series of chemotherapy. She also underwent radiotherapy 25 times and hormonal therapy. We decided to perform a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap surgery on her with 22 months follow up. The procedure provided good results, and the patient was satisfied. The second case was a 32-year-old woman who after excision of a phyllodes tumor and wanted breast reconstruction. Reconstruction was performed four years after tumor removal using latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDM) flap. The surgery provided good results, and the patient was satisfied. We reported two successful cosmetic reconstruction cases of non-recurrent 3B-stage of right breast cancer post-mastectomy after pedicled TRAM flap surgery and left breast post excision of phyllodes tumor after LDM flap surgery.
The D.C. Circuit Court’s Opinion in Hunter v. FERC: A Panacea for Resolving a Jurisdictional Dispute or Mere Panache?, 2 J. Marshall Global Mkt. L.J. 69 (2013)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) were in a jurisdictional tug-of-war until March 2013, when the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a much anticipated decision in Hunter v. FERC. This Article discusses the Hunter case, which offered some clarity as to the jurisdictional boundaries of the CFTC and FERC with regard to certain types of futures contracts. Historically, the CFTC has been authorized by the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) to prevent and regulate fraud and manipulation in the futures market. On the other hand, FERC is an independent agency charged with the task of regulating interstate transmission of electricity and natural gas. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (“EP Act”) expanded FERC’s authority to prevent and prohibit manipulation in the purchase or sale of natural gas or electricity. However, as this Article mentions, it was clear to many that there would be some turf wars between the CFTC and FERC due to their overlapping jurisdiction. This Article examines the Hunter case and the court’s decision that the CFTC has exclusive jurisdiction over the natural gas futures market pursuant to the CEA.