jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Age-related bone resorption in the normal incus: a case of maladaptive remodelling?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The changes that occur in the normal human incus with age have been investigated. Evidence for age-related changes in this ossicle, especially in the region of the long process, has been accumulating over the last 30-40 years and yet they have neither been confirmed quantitatively nor explained satisfactorily. In this study the results of a morphometric study of the long processes of a series of normal incudes are presented. These demonstrate that the lenticular and long processes undergo progressive symmetric resorption with advancing age. We consider these findings in the light of previous considerations of incudal remodelling and propose that these remodelling changes may reflect a normal adaptive response to the biomechanical milieu of the human middle ear.
Development of a Displacement Sensor for the CERN-LHC Superconducting Cryodipoles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the main challenges of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the particle accelerator under construction at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva, resides in the design and production of the superconducting dipoles used to steer the particles around a 27 km underground tunnel. These so-called cryodipoles are composed of an evacuated cryostat and a cold mass, that contains the particle tubes and the superconducting dipole magnet and is cooled by super uid Helium at 1.9 K. The particle beam must be centred within the dipole magnetic field with a sub-millimetre accuracy, this requires in turn that the relative displacements between the cryostat and the cold mass must be monitored with accuracy. Because of the extreme environmental conditions (the displacement measurements must be made in vacuum and between two points at a temperature difference of about 300 degrees) no adequate existing monitoring system was found for this application. It was therefore decided to develop an optical sensor suitable for this application. This contribution describes the development of this novel sensor and the first measurements performed on the LHC cryodipoles.
Therapeutic Mechanism of Lapatinib Combined with Sulforaphane on Gastric Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background. Lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that plays important roles in cell proliferation and survival. Administration of lapatinib with capecitabine is an effective treatment for HER2-positive metastatic BC. However, the effects of lapatinib on gastric cancer (GC) remain to be clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of lapatinib combined with sulforaphane on GC and its underlying mechanisms. Methods. SGC-7901 and lapatinib-resistant SGC-7901 cells were treated with lapatinib (0.2 μM), sulforaphane (5 μM), or their combinations. Cell viability, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis of SGC-7901 and lapatinib-resistant SGC-7901 cells were evaluated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Boyden chamber assay, and flow cytometer. The protein expressions of HER-2, p-HER-2, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK were detected by Western blotting. Results. We observed that lapatinib combined with sulforaphane significantly decreased cell viability and inhibited cell migration of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. Lapatinib sulforaphane also remarkably induced cell apoptosis with G0/G1 arrest. In addition, Western blotting revealed that the expressions of HER-2, p-HER-2, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK were downregulated by lapatinib-sulforaphane treatment. Conclusion. Combination of lapatinib and sulforaphane might be a novel and promising therapeutic treatment for lapatinib-sensitive or lapatinib-resistant GC patients.
The ocular complications of an envenomous snakebite

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An envenomous snakebite is an important public health problem that can lead to irreversible loss of vision. Snake venom neurotoxins mainly act on the peripheral nervous system at the neuromuscular junction, and result in the implication of the cranial nerves. Consequently, mild neurological symptoms that relate to cephalic muscle paralysis, including exotropia, ptosis, diplopia and ophthalmoplegia, can occur. This happens because the extraocular muscles are especially susceptible to neurological muscular blockage. Other neurological complications of snake venom include accommodation paralysis, optic neuritis, globe necrosis, keratomalacia, uveitis, and loss of vision due to cortical infarction. Haemostatic complications may include subconjuctival haemorrhage, hyphema, and vitreous and retinal haemorrhages. Another rare complication of a snakebite is ocular injury. Snakebite injuries are often accompanied by facial swelling, periorbital ecchymosis, massive subconjuctival haemorrhage, severe corneal oedema and exophthalmos in the affected eye. Unfortunately, such injuries result in permanent loss of vision, as early evisceration is deemed necessary to reduce the amount and effect of the venom in the affected eye. With such a variety of ocular complications as a result of a venomous snakebite, it is important for primary care physicians to have some basic knowledge of the management of these complications, as they may prove to be vital where patients present with a snakebite and possible venom injection in the eye.
Difference inequality for attracting and quasi-invariant sets for a class of impulsive stochastic difference equations with continuous time

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

So far there have been few results presented on the attracting and quasi-invariant sets for impulsive stochastic difference equations with continuous time.The main aim of this work is to close this gap.By establishing a difference inequality with continuous time, we obtain the attracting and quasi-invariant sets of systems under consideration.An example is given to illustrate the theory.
Basidiobolus and Cercospora from Human Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARYSUMMARYTwo cases of subcutaneous infection in children in Indonesia in which fungus hyphae of wide dimensions and with few septa were observed have been reported. From one of these patients 65 colonies of Basidiobolus ranarum were isolated. The second patient had almost recovered from the infection before a mycological study was made and no fungus was isolated. The lesions were extensive and persisted 9 months in one case and 4 years in the other. Although no specific therapy was used the patients recovered.From a third Indonesian patient with cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions involving most of the face, ears and nasal mucosa, 150 colonies of Cercospora apii were isolated. In sections of the skin the fungus is easily observed in the form of brown hyphae with frequent septation. The infection has persisted for many years and attempts at specific therapy have failed.Leaf spots were produced experimentally on lettuce, potato and tomato with the strain of C. apii isolated from the patient. Persistent and progressive lesions have not been produced in attempted experimental infections of animals with either Basidiobolus ranarum or Cercospora apii.
Structural basis for phosphorylation-triggered autophagic clearance of Salmonella

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Selective autophagy is mediated by the interaction of autophagy modifiers and autophagy receptors that also bind to ubiquitinated cargo. Optineurin is an autophagy receptor that plays a role in the clearance of cytosolic Salmonella. The interaction between receptors and modifiers is often relatively weak, with typical values for the dissociation constant in the low micromolar range. The interaction of optineurin with autophagy modifiers is even weaker, but can be significantly enhanced through phosphorylation by the TBK1 {TANK [TRAF (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor)-associated nuclear factor κB activator]-binding kinase 1}. In the present study we describe the NMR and crystal structures of the autophagy modifier LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta) in complex with the LC3 interaction region of optineurin either phosphorylated or bearing phospho-mimicking mutations. The structures show that the negative charge induced by phosphorylation is recognized by the side chains of Arg11 and Lys51 in LC3B. Further mutational analysis suggests that the replacement of the canonical tryptophan residue side chain of autophagy receptors with the smaller phenylalanine side chain in optineurin significantly weakens its interaction with the autophagy modifier LC3B. Through phosphorylation of serine residues directly N-terminally located to the phenylalanine residue, the affinity is increased to the level normally seen for receptor–modifier interactions. Phosphorylation, therefore, acts as a switch for optineurin-based selective autophagy.
Erratum to: Adverse Gastrointestinal Events with Intravitreal Injection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors:

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Intravenous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-inhibiting drugs is associated with adverse gastrointestinal (GI) events. Clinical trials of VEGF inhibitors used for the treatment of retinal diseases have suggested higher risks of adverse GI events among patients treated with bevacizumab. However, population-based studies have been lacking. Objective Our objective was to assess risks for GI adverse events associated with intravitreal injections of VEGF-inhibiting drugs. Methods We conducted a population-based, nested case– control study of 114,427 older adults in Ontario, Canada, with retinal disease identified between 1 November 2005 and 30 April 2011. Of these, 3,582 cases were admitted to hospital or assessed in an emergency department for GI adverse events. Controls were matched to cases on the basis of age, sex, and outcome history. Results Patients experiencing adverse events were equally as likely as matched controls to have been exposed to bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Adjusted odds ratios for bevacizumab were 1.05 (95 % confidence interval [CI]
Believing without modes of presentation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In my dissertation I devise a number of new puzzles about belief reports which, unlike Frege's and Kripke's classical puzzles, cannot be solved by appealing to the notion of a mode of presentation. A solution to both classical and new puzzles can be achieved by adopting a new Russellian account of belief reports, which I present in this dissertation. The new account involves two psychological devices (which will be proved not to be modes of presentation): belief subsystems and cognitive coordination. The former device originates in Donald Davidson's idea of explaining away cases of apparent irrationality of a subject by partitioning her mind into semi-autonomous compartments or subsystems. The latter device takes its cue from Kit Fine's notion of coordination and deals with the ability (or inability) of a subject to recognize two occurrences of an object within Russellian propositions as occurrences of the same object.
Bimbingan Karir Terintegrasi dalam Mata Pelajaran Fisika/Sains

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aimed to: (1) help students determine the choice of majors/areas of expertise, (2) improve career guidance services in schools, and (3) produce a pattern of effective career guidance to help students determine school.This study was research by project using Kurt Lewin model. The guidance was held by considering the students' academic and non-academic abilities and the supports of the families, schools and the occupations in order that the students were able to choose schools that fitted their conditions and job opportunities. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Ponjong. The techniques of collecting the data included: questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using Spradley's qualitative data analysis.The conclusions of this study are that: (1) career guidance in SMP requires the involvement of all stakeholders in order to be effective, (2) the existing cooperation is based on the principle of mutual benefit, and (3) the students are able to determine what kind of school they want to enter by considering the employment opportunities and economic conditions.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Studi ini bertujuan untuk: (1) membantu siswa menentukan pilihan jurusan/ bidang keahlian, (2) meningkatkan pelayanan bimbingan karir di sekolah, dan (3) menghasilkan pola bimbingan karir yang efektif untuk membantu siswa menentukan sekolah lanjutan. Studi ini merupakan penelitian tindakan yang mempergunakan model penelitian Kurt Lewin. Bimbingan dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan kemampuan akademis dan nonakademis siswa, daya dukung keluarga, sekolah dan dunia kerja guna mengarahkan siswa pada pilihan sekolah yang sesuai dengan kondisi siswa, dan peluang dunia kerja. Studi dilakukan di SMP Negeri 4 Ponjong. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan dalam studi ini meliputi: kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan model Spradley. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah (1) bimbingan karir di SMP memerlukan keterlibatan semua stakeholder agar dapat berjalan dengan efektif, (2) kerjasama yang terjalin berdasarkan prinsip saling menguntungkan, dan (3) siswa mampu membuat pilihan sekolah lanjutan dengan mempertimbangkan peluang kerja dan kondisi ekonomi.</p>
Looking in from the Outside: How Do Invited But Not Selected Citizens Perceive the Legitimacy of a Minipublic?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deliberative minipublics are often critiqued for being disconnected with mass democracy. This is problematic from the perspective of legitimacy. If ordinary citizens are not aware of the existence of minipublics, how can citizens consent to the process and outcomes of these processes? One possible design innovation is to widen the pool of citizens randomly invited to take part in minipublics. While not all invited individuals will be selected to join minipublics, inviting a large pool of people, at the very least, may trigger their curiosity to closely observe and scrutinise the debates and recommendations of their fellow citizens. Our article examines the viability of this design feature using the case study of the citizen panel ‘Make Your Brussels – Mobility’. We focus on a group of 336 people who accepted the invitation to participate in the citizen panel but were not among the 40 people selected to participate. We have two major findings. First, despite their initial interest in taking part in a minipublic, these citizens did not follow up on their interest in the minipublic. Second, these citizens do not perceive citizen panels as capable of delivering consensual outcomes. We conclude the article by drawing out implications for deliberative practice, especially in enhancing the legitimacy of minipublics.
LHD IPD #161839.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Impurity Powder Dropper (IPD) was designed and built in the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), which can drop sub-millimeter impurity powders/granules (Boron, Boron-nitride, Carbon, Lithium, Silicon, etc.) into the LHD plasmas from 2.5-U port.
Liquid Bridge Formation between Two Particles. Bridge formation by water containing soluble impurity.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

等径2球間に形成される液架橋の形成機構を架橋液中に含まれる不純物の影響を考慮に入れて理論解析するとともに実験的にも検討を行った.液体中に溶解性物質が含まれると液表面の蒸気圧が低下することを考慮に入れた修正Kelvinの式を適用して液架橋形成機構と架橋の大きさについて検討した結果, 溶解性物質を含む液架橋は純粋な水の架橋よりも容易に形成されること, および, その形状は雰囲気の湿度や溶質の濃度の関数として表されることがわかった.実験では, 2枚のガラス製凸レンズ間にNa2SO4, CaCl2およびNaClの水溶液の架橋を形成させ, これを恒温恒湿器内の一定の温度・湿度下で, 架橋形状を実体顕微鏡によって観察した.この結果, 架橋形状に及ぼす湿度や溶質の濃度の影響は理論解析によって説明づけることができた.以上の結果から, 通常の粉体の湿式処理操作において存在する溶解性不純物が, 粒子乾燥後に形成される液架橋形状に大きな影響を及ぼすことを指摘した.
Therapeutic Effects of Kv7 Channel Activator Retigabine against Seizures and Neurodegeneration in Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims: The current study evaluates whether Kv7 channel activator retigabine (RTG) could attenuate seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in the kainic acid (KA) induced seizure model. Methods: The anticonvulsant activity of RTG is evaluated by electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in KA-kindled rats. Tunel assay and immunofluorescence of NeuN are used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of RTG in the hippocampus of KA-kindled rats. Results: RTG effectively reduces epileptiform discharges induced by KA injection. Tunel assay and immunofluorescence of NeuN show that RTG exerts neuroprotection in the hippocampus of KA-kindled rats. Conclusion: Taken together, this study demonstrates that RTG effectively alleviates seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in the KA-induced seizure model.
Analysis of clinical blood use under continuous improvement of transfusion management in hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze the effect of administrative measures for restricted transfusion by comparing the amount of blood used per person,the amount of blood used per person in operation,the amount of blood component used and the quality of transfusion record sheet before and after the implement of Regulation on clinical blood use in medical institutions and Scoring regulation on poor practice of medical staff .Methods 4 500 medical records of patients who had received blood transfusions form February 2012 to July 2013,were divided into three groups according to the time of transfusion contrl group(before the implement of regulations,manage group one and group two after the implement of regulations).Evaluation indexes were:the amount of blood used per person,the amount of blood used per person in operation and the amount of blood component used per person.The association between the number of discharges per month,the number of operations per month and the amount of blood used per moonth were analyzed.Results The amount of blood used per person,the amount of blood used per person in operation and the amount of rend blood cell used per person in management group two were significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P 0.05) while tha amount of plasma used per person and the amount of platelet used per person showed no significant differences.The number of discharges per month was positively associated with the amount of blood used per moonth while the number of operations per month was not associated with the amount of blood used per moonth.The quality of transfusion records were significantly different between three groups(P 0.05).The unqualified rate of transfusion records in management group two was lower than the other two groups.Conclusion The amount of blood used per person,the amount of blood used per person in operation and the amount of rend blood cell used per person decreased significantly while the quality of transfusion record improved significantly after the implement of the regulations.The managment measures in our hospital are very effective.But we should strengthen the management of platelet,plasma and cryoprecipitate.
Design of Multiplier Module for Fingerprint Identification ASIC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A multiplier module for fingerprint identification ASIC was designed, which was capable of handling signed/unsigned 32-bit multiplication and 32-bit MAC by using an additional sign-bit.In this circuit, radix-4 booth encode and an improved compression array architecture were adopted.The new algorithm architecture with iteration and array improved system performance by 30% and reduced chip area by 24%.Implemented in TSMC’s 0.25 μm CMOS technology, the multiplier module could be easily modified for other DSP systems.
Supplementary Table 1 from Endothelial Expression of TNF Receptor-1 Generates a Proapoptotic Signal Inhibited by Integrin α6β1 in Glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 71K, Increased Expression of TNFalpha, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in the ECs in Untreated GBM</p>
Nutritional Status of Street Children in Jijga-yer Sub-District, Hargeisa-Somaliland

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study investigated the nutritional status of street children in the Jijga-yer sub-district, Hargeisa. A street child is any boy or girl under the age of 15 years who lives in the street as an abode and source of the livelihood. Nutritional status is the condition of a person’s health in relation to food intake and utilization of nutrients. The problem of the study was the prevalence of malnutrition among children, In July to October 2018, 17.72% of children were malnourished, which is an increase of 4.43% per month. Specifically, the study investigated the status of stunting, status of underweight and the status thinness among street children, using cross-sectional survey research design, on a convenient sample of 230 street children. The study found that there are significantly more normal than stunted street children, [χ2 (3, N = 230) = 237.583, p = .000]; more normal than underweight street, [χ2 (3, N = 230) = 150.348, p = .000]; and there are significantly more normal than street children in Jijga-yer, χ2 (3, N = 201) = 56.532, p = .000. The study concludes that street children in Jijga-yer sub-district, Hargeisa are normal and had good nutritional status. The researcher recommends that the Ministry of Health Development provide a healthy feeding program to street children to ensure they develop appropriate weight.
Comparative Analysis of Various Filtering Techniques for Denoising EEG Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides diagnostic information related to various brain disorders. Various types of interferences, like line interference, EOG, and ECG, muscle movement, cause artifacts in EEG data. Therefore, denoising EEG data plays a vital role in preserving the specific frequency content of the signal. Several filtering techniques are available to detach the noise to preserve the integrity of EEG signals. In this paper, we have compared different filtering techniques i.e., Adaptive filters, LPF Butterworth filter, Notch filter, wavelets on epileptic EEG signals, and sleep EEG signal. Our result suggests that the wavelet transform is the best option for denoising the EEG signal as it is more efficient in denoising the EEG signal without losing the original information. To select the best suitable wavelet function for denoising, Symlet4, Haar, Daubechies4, Biorthogonal2.6, Coiflets3, Discrete Meyer, Reverse Biorthogonal 6.8, Reverse Biorthogonal 2.8 has been used, and it is observed that wavelet function Bio-orthogonal 2.6 is the best suitable for denoising of EEG signal. Finally, a comparison between different filters has been done by two parameters MSE, PSNR. After a comparative analysis, we conclude that a wavelet transform is a useful tool than other filtering techniques in noise removal while sustaining diagnostic information in both the signal.