jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PER1, GUP1 and CWH43 of methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta are involved in cell wall integrity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In eukaryotes, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) modification of many glycoproteins on the cell surface is highly conserved. The lipid moieties of GPI‐anchored proteins undergo remodelling processes during their maturation. To date, the products of the PER1 , GUP1 and CWH43 genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been shown to be involved in the lipid remodelling. Here, we focus on the putative GPI remodelling pathway in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea minuta . We found that the O. minuta homologues of PER1 , GUP1 and CWH43 are functionally compatible with those of S. cerevisiae . Disruption of GUP1 or CWH43 in O. minuta caused a growth defect under non‐permissive conditions. The O. minuta per1 Δ mutant exhibited a more fragile phenotype than the gup1 Δ or cwh43 Δ mutants. To address the role of GPI modification in O. minuta , we assessed the effect of these mutations on the processing and localization of the O. minuta homologues of the Gas1 protein; in S. cerevisiae , Gas1p is an abundant and well‐characterized GPI‐anchored protein. We found that O. minuta possesses two copies of the GAS1 gene, which we designate GAS1A and GAS1B . Microscopy and western blotting analysis showed mislocalization and/or lower retention of Gas1Ap and Gas1Bp within the membrane fraction in per1 Δ or gup1 Δ mutant cells, suggesting the significance of lipid remodelling for GPI‐anchored proteins in O. minuta . Localization behaviour of Gas1Bp differed from that of Gas1Ap. Our data reveals, for the first time (to our knowledge), the existence of genes related to GPI anchor remodelling in O. minuta cells.
Strengthening leadership as a catalyst for enhanced patient safety culture: a repeated cross-sectional experimental study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Current literature emphasises that clinical leaders are in a position to enable a culture of safety, and that the safety culture is a performance mediator with the potential to influence patient outcomes. This paper aims to investigate staff's perceptions of patient safety culture in a Danish psychiatric department before and after a leadership intervention. Methods A repeated cross-sectional experimental study by design was applied. In 2 surveys, healthcare staff were asked about their perceptions of the patient safety culture using the 7 patient safety culture dimensions in the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. To broaden knowledge and strengthen leadership skills, a multicomponent programme consisting of academic input, exercises, reflections and discussions, networking, and action learning was implemented among the clinical area level leaders. Results In total, 358 and 325 staff members participated before and after the intervention, respectively. 19 of the staff members were clinical area level leaders. In both surveys, the response rate was >75%. The proportion of frontline staff with positive attitudes improved by ≥5% for 5 of the 7 patient safety culture dimensions over time. 6 patient safety culture dimensions became more positive (increase in mean) (p<0.05). Frontline staff became more positive on all dimensions except stress recognition (p<0.05). For the leaders, the opposite was the case (p<0.05). Staff leaving the department after the first measurement had rated job satisfaction lower than the staff staying on (p<0.05). Conclusions The improvements documented in the patient safety culture are remarkable, and imply that strengthening the leadership can act as a significant catalyst for patient safety culture improvement. Further studies using a longitudinal study design are recommended to investigate the mechanism behind leadership's influence on patient safety culture, sustainability of improvements over time, and the association of change in the patient safety culture measures with change in psychiatric patient safety outcomes.
PREVALENCE OF SKIN DISORDERS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN URBAN RAJNANDGAON (CHHATTISGARH) - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDChildren are more prone to develop skin diseases.Contact between classmates is an important cause of skin infection and infestation among school children.School survey is a useful tool to detect prevalence of various skin diseases, status of health and hygiene of society.Assessment of the burden and pattern of skin diseases at school may improve care of children through school health programme. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a cross sectional school based study conducted in urban area of Rajnandgaon (Chhattisgarh) India.Children were clinically examined by a team of doctors.1047 students present at the time of survey out of 1209 enrolled in class I to Class V were examined.Data obtained was tabulated and analysed statistically using chi-square test. RESULTSTotal 1047 students were examined.Of these 460 (44%) were girls and 587 (56%) were boys.712 (68%) were of 4-7 years age, and 335 (32%) of 8-12 years.Total 43.46% students were having one or more skin problems.Pediculosis capitis, pityriasis alba, and phrynoderma were the commonest problems.Other common skin disorders were bacterial infections, scabies, fungal infections and angular cheilitis/stomatitis. Infections (bacterial and fungal) accounted for 22.91% and infestations (pediculosis and scabies) for 21.47% of total skin disorders.Difference between boys and girls was not significant.The prevalence of skin disorders is significantly higher in children of 8-12 years as compared to 4-7 years. CONCLUSIONHigh prevalence of skin disorders was noted among primary school children in our area.Older age group (9-12 years) children were affected more than the younger ones (5-8 years).Pityriasis alba and phrynoderma affected boys more than the girls, whereas female preponderance was seen for pediculosis capitis, bacterial infections and milia.Transmissible disorders, constituted around 40% of total skin diseases burden.Educating children to improve their hygiene may bring down the prevalence of transmissible diseases among them.
Plant regeneration from sliced mature embryo fragments of wheat cultivars.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mature embryos were aseptically excised with a scalpel and sliced in fragments measuring 0.5 ㎜ in diameter (sliced mature embryo fragment; 4~5 fragments/one embryo). Sliced mature embryo fragments of six wheat cultivars were cultured to develop an efficient method of callus induction and plant regeneration. Callus derived from sliced mature embryo fragments showed a good capacity to embryogenesis and regeneration. Fur-thermore sliced mature embryo fragments decreased contamination from fungi and bacteria. The high efficiency of callus induction were obtained Keumkangmil and Bobwhite. For plant regeneration, selected embryogenic calli were transferred to two types regeneration media. An average number of green spots per callus was 4 to 5 in regeneration media after about one week. Percentage of plant regeneration showed high in regeneration medium containing 0.1 ㎎/l 2,4-D and 5 ㎎/l zeatin. Especially, Keumkangmil (27.5%) and Bobwhite (33.3%) showed high regeneration efficiency. This regeneration system from sliced mature embryo fragments may provide an effective and convenient explant for plant transformation studies.
Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.
Effect of Hyaluronidase Addition to Lidocaine for Trigger Point Injection in Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction This randomized, double‐blind study compared the efficacy of hyaluronidase co‐injection with that of local anesthesia alone on the degree of pain and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome ( MPS ). Methods Sixty‐one adults, aged 25 to 75 years, with MPS affecting both trapezius muscles were randomly assigned to one of the 2 treatment groups: lidocaine (group L: n = 31) or hyaluronidase (group H: n = 30). All patients received Trigger point injection ( TPI ). Group L received 3.2 mL 0.5% lidocaine alone. Group H received the same solution of lidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase (600 iu/mL). Patients were followed for 14 days (pre‐ and post‐ TPI days 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14) with the verbal numerical rating scale ( VNRS ), and the primary outcome was VNRS on day 7. Also, we evaluated the neck disability index ( NDI ) and the short form of brief pain inventory ( BPI ‐ SF ) on pre‐ and post‐ TPI day 14. Results In both groups, VNRS decreased on days 4, 7, and 14 compared to the pre‐ TPI . However, in group H, VNRS decreased on day 1 also. There were no significant differences of VNRS between the 2 groups during 14 days. NDI and BPI ‐ SF scores also significantly decreased after TPI in both groups. Conclusions There were no significant differences between groups in terms of VNRS , NDI , or BPI ‐ SF scores. However, TPI consisting of lidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase worked more effectively than lidocaine alone on post‐ TPI day 1. Further, hyaluronidase showed a tendency to reduce TPI ‐related soreness.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has b e e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a d v e r s e m a t e r n a l a n d f e t a l outcomes that extend beyond the postpartum period. Knowledge of its prevalence and risk factors can lead to possible preventive strategies.
New terminological units and peculiarities of their functioning in the languag

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The work examines modern names, which are included in the term system as an organized lexical mass, and are used in other subject areas for the purpose of language economy. The author tries to distinguish between deterrminologization and a family of new terms, which appeared at the beginning of the third millennium in connection with the spread of coronovirus disease, as well as the Russian-Ukrainian war. The goal of the research is to analyze the peculiarities of functioning in the scientific community of some new terminological units that have appeared in our society, caused by the appearance of Kovydou and the unsupported aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Methods. The work uses a structural-typological approach to the language univercities in a synchronous and diachronic perspective, which is conditioned by the communicative discourse and is tested at the lexical level. Discussion. The innovations that appear in the vocabulary are the result of nominatio n, due to which the language units and the objects they signify are related. Also, there are some non-linguistic phenomena that are mirrored in current realities. The term Convid-19 at extraordinary speed became a part of the scientific community, was integrated into modern languages, underwent graphical adaptation, and took "forgotten" terms with it. The article reveals the peculiarities of the spread of neoterms, which are popularized by means of modern media, as well as due to the development of new technologies. The author tries to demonstrate how terms and nonterms are separated, whether there are some interfaces between the function of terms and general national vocabulary, and whether the term is de-terminologized. Conclusions. The increase in the number of terminological units and, accordingly, the volume of new terminologies, which serve them, is the result of so-called scientific revolutions, The new terminologies they serve are the result of the so-called scientific revolutions, which are carried out under the mighty influence of the factual research, which requires elaboration by means of the lexicon of the general national language.
Supplementary Figure from GAS6-AXL Inhibition by AVB-500 Overcomes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Endometrial Cancer by Decreasing Tumor Cell Glycolysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Figure from GAS6-AXL Inhibition by AVB-500 Overcomes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Endometrial Cancer by Decreasing Tumor Cell Glycolysis
On optimal distributed decision architectures in a hypothesis testing environment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors consider the distributed detection problem, in which decision-makers (DMs) receive observations of the environment and transmit finite-valued messages to other DMs according to prespecified communication protocols. A designated primary DM makes the final decision on one out of two alternative hypotheses. All DMs make decisions, in order to maximize a measure of organizational performance. Given the DMs and the communication resources, the problem is to find an architecture for the organization which remains optimal for a variety of operating conditions (if it exists). It is shown that even for very small organizations this problem is quite complex, because the optimal architecture depends on variables external to the team such as the prior probabilities of the hypotheses and the misclassification costs, so that global conclusions on optimal organizational structures cannot be drawn. The authors thus also consider suboptimal solutions and obtain bounds on their performance.< >
Does the Use of Probe-based Near-infrared Autofluorescence Parathyroid Detection Benefit Parathyroidectomy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of probe-based near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) parathyroid identification during parathyroidectomy. Background: Intraoperative parathyroid gland identification during parathyroidectomy can be challenging, while additionally requiring costly frozen sections. Earlier studies have established NIRAF detection as a reliable intraoperative adjunct for parathyroid identification. Methods: Patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism were prospectively enrolled by a senior surgeon (>20 years experience) and a junior surgeon (<5 years experience), while being randomly allocated to the probe-based NIRAF or control group. Data collected included procedure type, number of parathyroids identified with high confidence by the surgeon and the resident, number of frozen sections performed, parathyroidectomy duration, and number of patients with persistent disease at the first postoperative visit. Results: One hundred sixty patients were randomly enrolled under both surgeons to the probe group (n=80) versus control (n=80). In the probe group, parathyroid identification rate of the senior surgeon improved significantly from 3.2 to 3.6 parathyroids per patient ( P <0.001), while that of the junior surgeon also rose significantly from 2.2 to 2.5 parathyroids per patient ( P =0.001). Parathyroid identification was even more prominent for residents increasing significantly from 0.9 to 2.9 parathyroids per patient ( P <0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in frozen sections utilized in the probe group versus control (17 vs 47, P =0.005). Conclusion: Probe-based NIRAF detection can be a valuable intraoperative adjunct and educational tool for improving confidence in parathyroid gland identification, while potentially reducing the number of frozen sections required.
Draft Genome Sequence of Citrobacter gillenii MBT-C3, Isolated from Lamb’s Lettuce

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The genome of the streptomycin-resistant Citrobacter gillenii strain MBT-C3, isolated from lamb’s lettuce in Germany, was sequenced. Sequence analysis showed the assembled draft genome size to be 5,167,205 bp, containing a predicted total of 5,011 protein-encoding genes, 8 rRNAs, and 71 tRNAs.
Ruspolia differens Serville 1838

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ruspolia differens (Serville, 1838) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:15304 Figure 6, 7 Material examined. ETHIOPIA: Gambella, Baku Lake (1425 m), 16.IV.2015, B. Massa (1♀, BMPC); SNNPR, Bench Maji, Dembi Forest (1260 m), 14.IV.2015, R.P.W.H. Felix (1Ƌ, RFPC), B. Massa (1♀, BMPC); Keffa, Kaya Kela (1725 m), 21.IV.2015, R.P.W.H. Felix (1Ƌ, 1♀, RFPC); Keffa, Makira Forest (2370 m), 18.IV.2015, R.P.W.H. Felix (1Ƌ, RFPC); Oromia, Bale, Goba Village, 11.XII.2015, A. Freidberg (1♀, BMPC). Distribution. Ruspolia differens is a very widespread species throughout tropical Africa, including Ethiopia, and is known to occur on some islands of the Indian Ocean: Zanzibar, Mauritius, Madagascar and Seychelles (Bailey 1975, Bailey & McCrae 1978, Massa 2015b). Habitat. The Ethiopian specimens were collected in different bush, grass and tall herb vegetation. Remarks. The stridulatory file of the specimen from Dembi Forest is shown in Figure 6.
Supplementary Data from EGF Receptor and mTORC1 Are Novel Therapeutic Targets in Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table 1. Combined immunohistochemistry scores, yolk sac tumor and seminoma Supplementary Table 2. Immunohistochemistry scores for all tumors Supplementary Table 3. Sequences of primers used for quantitative RT-PCR Supplementary Figure 1. Complete blots of NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells treated with ligands. See Figure 4A for more details. Supplementary Figure 2. Complete blots of cells treated with rapamycin. See Figure 5 for more details. Supplementary Figure 3. Complete blots of NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells treated with erlotinib. See Figure 5 for more details. Supplementary Figure 4. Effect of EGFR and mTORC1 inhibitors on the viability of NCCIT cells. Supplementary Figure 5. Model depicting signaling pathways inhibited by erlotinib and rapamycin in NSGCTs</p>
Quantifying the sweetness intensity and impact of aroma in honey from four floral sources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Unlike many commercial sweeteners for which sweetness dose‐response curves have been constructed, honey's sweetness has yet to be quantified. Honey differs from most commercial sweeteners in that it has a robust aroma; this aroma may impact its perceived sweetness. This study quantified the sweetness intensity and the impact of aroma on the perceived sweetness of four different honey varieties (clover, wildflower, alfalfa, and orange) compared to sucrose. Each sweetener evaluated was diluted to six concentrations in water ranging from 12.5 g/L to 125 g/L. Panelists ( n = 55) rated the sweetness intensities with and without aroma, in replicate, on the Global Sensory Intensity Scale. Additionally, the volatile organic compounds in the honey samples were profiled using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Honey and sugar were equivalently sweet at a given concentration (g/L), with aroma present ( p = 0.251). Additionally, honey and sugar were not equivalently sweet without aroma; aroma significantly increased sweetness intensities for all sweeteners ( p = 0.042) and especially honeys. In a 100 g/L solution, the aromas in honey increased its sweetness by 23%–43%, depending on the floral source. Compounds with sweet aroma characteristics were identified at high concentrations in all honey samples using GC/MS analysis, including furfural, benzaldehyde, benzene acetaldehyde, and dimethyl sulfide. Additionally, (S)‐limonene and toluene were present in high quantities in the orange and alfalfa samples. This study can inform appropriate honey usage levels and identify major volatiles that may enhance sweetness. Practical Application Honey sweetness has not been determined quantitatively, despite the widespread use of honey among consumers and product formulators. Sweetness enhancement by honey aroma volatiles may support a reduction in added sugars while maintaining sweetness intensity.
Knowledge and awareness of breastfeeding, weaning practices and newborn care in pregnant women in urban areas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Breastfeeding, proper weaning practices, and newborn care play a crucial role in the health of a child. The objective of the study is to determine the availability of information regarding breastfeeding, newborn care and immunization and to find out about the attitude of women towards newborn care practices.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre in an urban area in Navi Mumbai, on primigravidae in their third trimester of pregnancy. The data was collected by a questionnaire, results were analysed by EpiInfo7.Results: 93% women knew the benefits of breastfeeding, 92% knew of exclusive breastfeeding. 90% would initiate breastfeeding immediately after delivery, 83% would not give prelacteal feeds. 75% would practise skin-to-skin contact and 95% would practise rooming-in technique. 44% would delay bathing the newborn. 95% women received TT immunisation. All agreed to vaccinate their child. 19% believed traditional practices like applying kajal to eyes, prelacteal feeds etc. to be hazardous.Conclusions: The knowledge pregnant women have about breastfeeding and newborn care is inadequate. There is a need for intervention measures such as behavior-change-communication and better health services, to equip mothers so they may provide optimal care to their babies.