jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses for the Role of Hormones and Sugar in Axillary Bud Development of Wild Strawberry Stolon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Strawberries are mainly propagated by stolons, which can be divided into monopodial and sympodial types. Monopodial stolons consistently produce ramets at each node following the initial single dormant bud, whereas sympodial stolons develop a dormant bud before each ramet. Sympodial stolon encompasses both dormant buds and ramet buds, making it suitable for studying the formation mechanism of different stolon types. In this study, we utilized sympodial stolons from Fragaria nilgerrensis as materials and explored the mechanisms underlying sympodial stolon development through transcriptomic and phytohormonal analyses. The transcriptome results unveiled that auxin, cytokinin, and sugars likely act as main regulators. Endogenous hormone analysis revealed that the inactivation of auxin could influence bud dormancy. Exogenous cytokinin application primarily induced dormant buds to develop into secondary stolons, with the proportion of ramet formation being very low, less than 10%. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified key genes involved in ramet formation, including auxin transport and response genes, the cytokinin activation gene LOG1, and glucose transport genes SWEET1 and SFP2. Consistently, in vitro cultivation experiments confirmed that glucose enhances the transition of dormant buds into ramets within two days. Collectively, cytokinin and glucose act as dormant breakers, with cytokinin mainly driving secondary stolon formation and glucose promoting ramet generation. This study improved our understanding of stolon patterning and bud development in the sympodial stolon of strawberries.
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

У статті розглянуто сутність конкурентоспроможності регіону, їх інноваційні складові. Авторами проаналізовано та згруповано основні підходи до визначення сутності конкурентоспроможності регіонів. Основну увагу приділено зарубіжним підходам до конкурентоспроможності регіонів. Існуючі теоретичні надбання доповнено власним баченням еколого-економічної складової конкурентоспроможності регіонів. У статті проведено розмежування конкурентоспроможності регіонів на різних рівнях: національному та транскордонному. Традиційний для України підхід до регіону як території для розміщення продуктивних сил втілювався в політиці, що визначалася зверху, яка сформулювалася як соціально орієнтована політика вирівнювання регіонів. Саме у парадигмі регіону як економічної системи закладена ідея глобальної конкуренції і пошуку внутрішніх сил розвитку регіону, ідея переходу від пасивних заходів підтримки до створення активних стратегій, розробці і розвитку конкурентних переваг регіону. В результаті сформульовано нове сутнісне бачення еколого-економічного розвитку регіону та реалізації конкурентних переваг у даному контексті.
Traditional chinese medicine in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in newborns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in the pediatric population. Most cases represent physiologic GER and as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) matures and a solid diet is introduced, many of these patients (>65%) experience spontaneous resolution of symptoms by two years of age. Those who continue to have symptoms and develop complications such as failure to thrive, secondary respiratory disease, and others are classified as having gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Purpose of this stud: To demonstrate that gastroesophageal reflux can be controlled quickly with auricular acupuncture in a new born baby without the necessity of using any kind of medications. Methods: a case report of a new born baby girl, with symptoms of vomiting constantly after days of birth. The parents were very worried about this situation because the baby was losing weight and cannot breastfeed adequately. The Chinese medicine´s doctor only did one session of auricular acupuncture in the right ear of the patient using mustard seeds.
Results: with only one session, the baby can feed adequately and don´t want to intake any other medications to control this symptom of gastroesophageal reflux.
Conclusion: the conclusion of this study is that gastroesophageal reflux can be treated using Chinese medicine´s tools such as auricular acupuncture in a new born baby and the adequate orientations of this patient parents regarding the exposition of the external pathogenic factor and what the mother of the baby need to eat, is an important tool to control this symptom.
Visible-Light-Induced Radical Condensation Cyclization to Synthesize 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones Using Photoexcited Na2 Eosin Y as a Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Catalyst

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The data suggests that Na2 eosin Y-derived photoinduced states act as a HAT catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones in ethanol at room temperature. This research establishes a novel function for using a nonmetallic natural dye, Na2 eosin Y, available commercially and at a cheap cost in the photochemical synthesis using the least amount of catalyst, obtaining good results, speeding up the process, and achieving a high atom economy. The TON and TOF of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones are computed. Furthermore, this cycle runs on the gram scale as well, indicating the possibility of industrial purposes.
Coil Design of EVs Wireless Charging System Based on MCR-WPT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The adoption of wireless energy transmission technology for electric vehicles is more in line with the development trend of the future society. Given the influence of the electrical parameters on the transmission performance of the magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transmission system, this paper studies the impact of the coil parameters on the transmission performance of the system from the equivalent circuit theory. According to the wireless charging standard for electric vehicles developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the coil parameters of the electric vehicle wireless charging system are designed. Finally, the system is verified by MATLAB and MAXWELL software. The simulation results prove the feasibility of the parameter design method.
Human Rights Abuses And International Humanitarian Law Violations In The Syrian Arab Republic, 21 July 2016- 28 February 2017 * Conference Room Paper Of The Independent International Commission Of Inquiry On The Syrian Arab Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human Rights Abuses And International Humanitarian Law Violations In The Syrian Arab Republic, 21 July 2016- 28 February 2017 * Conference Room Paper Of The Independent International Commission Of Inquiry On The Syrian Arab Republic
Structure of the Rat Inhibin and Activin A-Subunit Gene and Regulation in an Ovarian Granulosa Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have isolated the rat inhibin and activin βA-subunit gene, which is composed of three exons, and have characterized a 571-bp region upstream from the transcriptional start site that functions as a promoter in transient transfection studies in an ovarian granulosa cell line, GRMO2. Deletion analysis of the 571-bp promoter region has identified DNA sequences between −362 bp and −110 bp to be essential in mediating basal promoter activity and activation by forskolin (FSK) and/or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Within this region, a variant CRE (cAMP response element) has been identified at −120 bp. Point mutations in the variant CRE substantially reduce the ability of FSK and/or TPA to induce promoter activity in GRMO2 cells. A single nucleotide change in the variant CRE, which converts it to a consensus CRE, does not enhance promoter activity in response to FSK and/or TPA, but rather reduces promoter activity to the same extent as the other inactivating mutation in the variant CRE, suggesting that this element does not act as a classical CRE. Consistent with this, electrophoretic mobility shift assays performed using antibodies to a variety of cAMP and phorbol ester-responsive transcription factors indicate that the AP-1 family proteins jun-B and fos-B are present in the protein complex binding to the variant CRE. Overexpression of jun-B and fos-B in GRMO2 cells resulted in a robust activation of the βA-subunit promoter. Our results suggest that this novel variant CRE sequence mediates both cAMP and phorbol ester regulation through its interactions with AP-1 family proteins.
Factors Influencing the Appearance of CRT Colors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The color appearance of a stimulus depends on the context in which it is viewed. Well-known examples of context effects include simultaneous color contrast and color constancy. In simultaneous contrast, the color immediately surrounding a test influences its appearance. In color constancy, the visual system adapts to the ambient illumination to keep surface color approximately constant. Color constancy is a context effect because the way that the visual system interprets the light reaching the eye depends on the context defined by the ambient illumination.To predict accurately the color appearance of stimuli rendered on a CRT monitor, we need a theory of color context effects that applies to such stimuli. Simultaneous contrast suggests that the color perceived at a particular monitor location may vary with the immediate context provided by the image at other locations on the monitor (the monitor context). Color constancy suggests that the color appearance of stimuli displayed on a monitor may vary with the ambient illumination of the room in which the monitor is viewed (the illumination context), at least if images from a monitor are processed by the visual system in the same way as reflective surfaces.In this paper, we report initial experiments designed to measure psychophysically how the monitor context and the illumination context influence the appearance of stimuli presented on CRT color monitors. Our emphasis, however, is on the effect of the illumination context.
[The mechanisms of urate transport in the kidney and the intestine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most urate is secreted from the kidney, but the intestine can also secrete urate. In the kidney, urate is transported in the proximal tubule which shows marked species differences. In human and rat, net urate reabsorption is seen, whereas rabbit and pig show net secretion. The transport of urate in the proximal tubule is bidirectional, reabsorption in S1, secretion in S2, and postsecretory reabsorption in S3. Although the mechanisms of transcellular urate transport are not fully understood, the influx of urate into the proximal tubule cell should be carried out by urate/anion exchanger, and the efflux by potential driven pathway. In the intestine, purine compounds are strongly metabolized to urate, that is transported. When the kidney function is normal, urate is reabsorbed, but in renal insufficiency urate can be excreted from the intestine.
Adoptive cell therapy for metastatic melanoma patients: clinical and pre-clinical development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Schachter, J.1; Treves, A.2; Shapira-Frommer, R.3; Barak, D.3; Itzhaki, O.1; Hardan, I.4; Papa, M.5; Catane, R.3; Shalmon-Zifroni, B.6; Besser, M.1 Author Information
Antitumor effects of dietary black and brown rice brans in tumor‐bearing mice: Relationship to composition

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Scope Feeding a diet supplemented with 10% (w/w) black and brown rice brans inhibited growth of transplanted tumors in mice. Methods and results Black and brown rice brans from Oryza sativa LK1–3‐6–12‐1 and Chuchung cultivars each contained 21 compounds characterized by GC/MS. Mice fed diets with added rice brans for 2 weeks were intracutaneously inoculated with CT‐26 mouse cancer cells and fed the same diet for two additional weeks. Tumor mass was 35 and 19% lower in the black and brown bran‐fed groups, respectively. Tumor inhibition was associated with increases in cytolytic activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells; partial restoration of nitric oxide production and phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages; increases in released tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 from macrophages; increases in infiltration of leukocyte into the tumor; and reduction in angiogenesis inside the tumor. Proangiogenic biomarkers vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) were also reduced in mRNA and protein expression. ELISA of tumor cells confirmed reduced expression of COX‐2 and 5‐LOX. Reduced COX‐2 and 5‐LOX expression downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibited neoangiogenesis inside the tumors. Conclusion Induction of NK activity and macrophages and inhibition of angiogenesis seem to contribute to tumor regression.
The National Vaccination Campaign Against COVID-19 In A Local Health Structure In Wilaya Of Batna, 2021-2022

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vaccination was an essential tool for controlling the COVID 19 pandemic. Algeria had launched a mass vaccination campaign to combat the spread of the disease. The objectives were to draw up an epidemiological profile of the population vaccinated at the Epidemiology Service, Local Public Health Establishment, wilaya of Batna, Algeria, during the years 2021 and 2022, thus to estimate the frequency of occurrence of covid19 between doses administered. A total of 445 people were vaccinated against COVID 19, and 896 doses of vaccine were administered. The mean age was 51. 64+/-0.76 years, with a slight male predominance and a sex ratio of 1.14. Of the 445 people who received one dose of vaccine, 105 contracted COVID-19 (24%), only 62 cases (14%) developed the disease within less than three months (p<0.01) after the second dose, and only one person contracted COVID-19 after a booster dose. Analysis of the data from this Covid-19 vaccination campaign highlighted the positive impact of the number of primary doses administered on pandemic control.
The precarious and the transitional: labor casualization and youth in post-bubble Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent decades economic globalization and neoliberal restructuring have constricted longstanding pathways to middle-class citizenship in Japan and other postindustrial economies. Much attention has been given to how the shift from 'lifetime' salaried employment to 'flexible' labor markets has disenfranchized many young people, leaving them struggling to reconcile dominant middle-class expectations of adulthood with neoliberal economic realities. Taking an anthropological approach, this article reconsiders this prevailing assessment of labor casualization by examining ways in which young casual workers in Tokyo's retail, service, and creative industries navigate the transforming economy. Their circumstances, choices, and self-representations shed light on the active role they play in the formation of alternative transition regimes that challenge normative transitions to work and adulthood in Japan. These findings have broader implications for the limits of conventional social scientific approaches to the impact of economic crises and neoliberal restructuring on youth in the early twenty-first century.
One-Step\nSynthesis of Label-Free Ratiometric Fluorescence\nCarbon Dots for the Detection of Silver Ions and Glutathione and Cellular\nImaging Applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The construction of ratiometric fluorescence\nassay has displayed\nfantastic advantages in improving semi-quantitative visualization\ncapability by presenting successive color changes. Herein, long-wavelength\nemission nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were developed for intrinsic\nratiometric detection of silver ions (Ag<sup>+</sup>) and glutathione\n(GSH), accompanied by visualization fluorescence variation of orange\nand green. The label-free N-CDs were favorably obtained through one-step\nhydrothermal synthesis and displayed single long-wavelength emission\nat 618 nm under the excitation wavelength of 478 nm. Interestingly,\na ratio rising peak emerges at 532 nm and the emission at 618 nm decreases\nwith the introduction of Ag<sup>+</sup>, which exhibits ratiometric\nfluorescence emission characteristics (<i>I</i><sub>618nm</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>532nm</sub>) in the range of 0–140\nμM with significant fluorescence varying from orange to green.\nFurthermore, the fluorescence of CDs@Ag­(I) can be effectively ratiometric\nrecovered by virtue of a specific reaction of GSH with Ag<sup>+</sup>, which is accompanied by the fluorescence of the solution returning\nfrom green to orange. In addition, the N-CDs hold excellent biocompatibility\nwhich can be implemented as the visualization biosensing platform\nfor intracellular determination of Ag<sup>+</sup> and GSH, demonstrating\nthat proposed N-CDs have tremendous potential in biological systems.
Silent Synapses in the Developing Rat Visual Cortex: Evidence for Postsynaptic Expression of Synaptic Plasticity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the developing visual cortex activity-dependent refinement of synaptic connectivity is thought to involve synaptic plasticity processes analogous to long-term potentiation (LTP). The recently described conversion of so-called silent synapses to functional ones might underlie some forms of LTP. Using whole-cell recording and minimal stimulation procedures in immature pyramidal neurons, we demonstrate here the existence of functionally silent synapses, i.e., glutamatergic synapses that show only NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, in the neonatal rat visual cortex. The incidence of silent synapses strongly decreased during early postnatal development. After pairing presynaptic stimulation with postsynaptic depolarization, silent synapses were converted to functional ones in an LTP-like manner, as indicated by the long-lasting induction of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. This conversion was dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors during the pairing protocol. The selective activation of NMDA receptors at silent synapses could be explained presynaptically by assuming a lower glutamate concentration compared with functional ones. However, we found no differences in glutamate concentration-dependent properties of NMDA receptor-mediated PSCs, suggesting that synaptic glutamate concentration is similar in silent and functional synapses. Our results thus support a postsynaptic mechanism underlying silent synapses, i.e., that they do not contain functional AMPA receptors. Synaptic plasticity at silent synapses might be expressed postsynaptically by modification of nonfunctional AMPA receptors or rapid membrane insertion of AMPA receptors. This conversion of silent synapses to functional ones might play a major role in activity-dependent synaptic refinement during development of the visual cortex.
Methodological Issues in Multistage Genome-Wide Association Studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Because of the high cost of commercial genotyping chip technologies, many investigations have used a two-stage design for genome-wide association studies, using part of the sample for an initial discovery of ``promising'' SNPs at a less stringent significance level and the remainder in a joint analysis of just these SNPs using custom genotyping. Typical cost savings of about 50% are possible with this design to obtain comparable levels of overall type I error and power by using about half the sample for stage I and carrying about 0.1% of SNPs forward to the second stage, the optimal design depending primarily upon the ratio of costs per genotype for stages I and II. However, with the rapidly declining costs of the commercial panels, the generally low observed ORs of current studies, and many studies aiming to test multiple hypotheses and multiple endpoints, many investigators are abandoning the two-stage design in favor of simply genotyping all available subjects using a standard high-density panel. Concern is sometimes raised about the absence of a ``replication'' panel in this approach, as required by some high-profile journals, but it must be appreciated that the two-stage design is not a discovery/replication design but simply a more efficient design for discovery using a joint analysis of the data from both stages. Once a subset of highly-significant associations has been discovered, a truly independent ``exact replication'' study is needed in a similar population of the same promising SNPs using similar methods.
IN THESE UNPRECEDENTED TIMES: A CRITICAL INCIDENTS TECHNIQUE EXAMINATION OF STUDENT PERCEPTIONS’ OF SATISFYING AND DISSATISFYING LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Higher education has and continues to be sharply disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, our focus is on the pandemic’s impact on higher education, specifically on undergraduate marketing students’ perceptions of learning experiences during the switch from traditional face-to-face learning to online approaches. Understanding student perspectives on which specific aspects of their learning experience were satisfying or dissatisfying offers faculty valuable insight as to how to navigate this (for many) new teaching environment and enhance student experiences and outcomes. Collecting data during spring semester 2020 offers a unique view from students as universities abruptly pivoted from previously face-to-face instruction to online learning. The Critical Incidents Technique was used to capture the voice and perceptions of marketing students. Results are reported and aligned with teaching strategies for faculty to utilize in this new (for many) learning environment, as well as future learning/teaching shifts necessitated by other disruptions in higher education.
Study of density peaking in a diverging magnetic field helicon experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Density peaking phenomena have been studied in different magnetic field configurations in a low field (< 100 Gauss) helicon discharge. The study has been carried out in the linear helicon plasma device (Barada et. al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 063501, 2012) using argon gas with m = +1 right helical antenna operating at 13.56 MHz by varying the magnetic field from 0 Gauss to 100 Gauss (G) with two different magnetic field geometry. The plasma density varies with varying the magnetic field at constant input power and gas pressure and reaches to its peak value at a critical magnetic field value (s). For a magnetic field of 88 G near the antenna the density rises at an axial location away from the antenna in the diffusion chamber having a diverging magnetic field. On the m=−1 propagation side of the antenna, the density peak vanishes around 30 G which is well evident on the m=+1 propagation side. The results are explained on the basis of resonance cone propagation of right circularly polarized helicon waves and the vanishing of density peak at 30 G along with observation of density peak at 5 G and 12 G at z=−18 cm (m=−1) propagation side are explained with polarization reversal mechanism of electromagnetic waves.