jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of rifaximin on infections, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis: A pilot study (RIFA‐AH)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background & Aims Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is associated with a high incidence of infection and mortality. Rifaximin reduces bacterial overgrowth and translocation. We aimed to study whether the administration of rifaximin as an adjuvant treatment to corticosteroids decreases the number of bacterial infections at 90 days in patients with severe AH compared to a control cohort. Methods This was a multicentre, open, comparative pilot study of the addition of rifaximin (1200 mg/day/90 days) to the standard treatment for severe AH. The results were compared with a carefully matched historical cohort of patients treated with standard therapy and matching by age and model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD). We evaluated bacterial infections, liver‐related complications, mortality and liver function tests after 90 days. Results Twenty‐one and 42 patients were included in the rifaximin and control groups respectively. No significant baseline differences were found between groups. The mean number of infections per patient was 0.29 and 0.62 in the rifaximin and control groups, respectively ( p = .049), with a lower incidence of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) linked to infections within the treatment group. Liver‐related complications were lower within the rifaximin group (0.43 vs. 1.26 complications/patient respectively) ( p = .01). Mortality was lower in the treated versus the control groups (14.2% vs. 30.9, p = .15) without significant differences. No serious adverse events were associated with rifaximin treatment. Conclusions Rifaximin is safe in severe AH with a significant reduction in clinical complications. A lower number of infections and a trend towards a lower ACLF and mortality favours its use in these patients.
Soothing effect of virgin coriander seed oil on sensitive skin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sensitive skin is a common condition that concerns many people in the world. This syndrome is defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations such as stinging and burning in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations. The main hypothesis attributed to the occurrence of sensitive skin is the disruption of the epidermal barrier and a greater penetration of substances such as irritants. In keratinocytes, the NF-κB pathway, which plays an important role in orchestrating inflammatory responses, is then activated. Regulation of this activation is a key issue to control inflammation. Due to the wide variety of sensory symptoms, neurosensory dysfunction also represents a mechanism to be considered. Some of the cutaneous nerve endings express TRPA1, a sensor of skin barrier insult, which is involved in a variety of physiological or cellular processes including nociception, itch and neurogenic inflammation. Regulation of such sensor activation is also an issue to consider to control neurosensory dysfunction. Coriander seed oil is a 100% virgin oil of coriander seeds and boasts a unique composition of fatty acids. The soothing effect of coriander seed oil on sensitive skins was investigated by studying its capacity to regulate NF-κB and TRPA1 activation. Coriander seed oil allowed the regulation of NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α in an in vitro model of inflammation in keratinocytes. It also regulated the activation of TRPA1 induced by allyl isothiocyanate in an in vitro model of keratinocytes-neurons co-culture. These results are in favor of a soothing effect of coriander seed oil.
Long-Term Assessment of Perioral Rhytide Correction with Erbium:YAG Laser Resurfacing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Use of nonsurgical skin rejuvenation has grown over the past two decades. This has led to an increase in ablative and nonablative resurfacing devices. Moderate to heavy perioral rhytides require an ablative laser to maximize results. Traditionally, this was performed with carbon dioxide lasers; however, more recently, erbium lasers have been used to target heavy rhytides. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term correction of perioral rhytides with the use of the senior author’s (A.J.B.) erbium laser resurfacing technique. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent perioral erbium laser resurfacing performed by the senior author from 2009 to 2016 with a minimum of 6-month follow-up was performed. Ten blinded nonphysicians and 10 blinded plastic surgeons evaluated the imaging based on a previously established standardized grading sheet, with gradation improvement from 1 to 8. The absolute and percentage improvement were evaluated, along with complications. Results: Forty-five patients met inclusion criteria, with an average follow-up of 13 months. A statistically significant score improvement of 2.2 gradations was seen, in addition to a significant improvement (from 56 percent to 66 percent). Both the surgeon and nonphysician groups showed improvement, with no differences between the two groups. There were no cases of hypopigmentation at the 6-month postoperative visit. Conclusions: Erbium laser resurfacing is a powerful and safe tool for correcting perioral rhytides. It is effective in isolation or with other facial rejuvenation procedures. Erbium laser resurfacing is a useful adjunct in facial rejuvenation that can deliver exceptional results with few complications when performed within the proper guidelines. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
Protein Binding to mRNA 3′ Isoforms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Here we describe CLIP‐READS, a technique that combines elements of crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and 3′ region extraction and deep sequencing (READS), to provide a genome‐wide map of mRNA 3′ isoform binding by a given messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP). In CLIP‐READS, cells are grown to logarithmic phase and are irradiated with UV light (254 nm) to form RNA–protein adducts. The protein−mRNA complexes are immunoprecipitated from cell extracts with an antibody specific to the protein of interest, after which the protein component is digested away with Pronase. Messenger RNAs are then subjected to 3′ READS. An input sample processed by 3′ READS in parallel allows for the relative quantification of isoform‐specific binding by the mRNP of interest. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′,3′‐Didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxy Nucleosides from 2′,2′‐Bis( phenylthio) Nucleoside Analogues.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The role of the Human Metabolome Database in inborn errors of metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Metabolomics holds considerable promise to advance our understanding of human disease, including our understanding of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). The application of metabolomics in IEM research has already led to the discovery of several novel IEMs and the identification of novel IEM biomarkers. However, with hundreds of known IEMs and more than 700 associated IEM metabolites, it is becoming increasingly challenging for clinical researchers to keep track of IEMs, their associated metabolites, and their corresponding metabolic mechanisms. Furthermore, when using metabolomics to assist in IEM biomarker discovery or even in IEM diagnosis, it is becoming much more difficult to properly identify metabolites from the complex NMR and MS spectra collected from IEM patients. To that end, comprehensive, open access metabolite databases that provide up‐to‐date referential information about metabolites, metabolic pathways, normal/abnormal metabolite concentrations, and reference NMR or MS spectra for compound identification are essential. Over the last few years, a number of compound databases, including the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), have been developed to address these challenges. First described in 2007, the HMDB is now the world's largest and most comprehensive metabolomic resource for human metabolic studies. The latest release of the HMDB contains 114,100 metabolite entries (with 247 being relevant to IEMs), thousands of metabolite concentrations (with 600 being relevant to IEMs), and ~33,000 metabolic and disease‐associated pathways (with 202 being relevant to IEMs). Here we provide a summary of the HMDB and offer some guidance on how it can be used in metabolomic studies of IEMs.
Elisabeth and Mr Darcy: A Character-Study in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is no perfect or ideal character, everybody has some deficiency in their characteristic features, a lack of necessary quality, a fault in personality or way of thinking. Jane Austen believes in the development of human character and shows through the example of Elisabeth and Mr Darcy that man is willing and able to develop and improve his character, to ennoble it. Both protagonists have the ability to face truths and change their minds rationally. This willingness of theirs is rewarded with happiness: they become worthy of each other's love — a happy ending, which has only been possible through a thorough examination of themselves and their environment, but it was possible and this idea is conveyed to the modern reader, as well. This study examines how the characters of the two protagonists develop. I will demonstrate the stages of this development and investigate the message conveyed in the novel. We will see that Elisabeth, the heroine, values personal happiness highly above social rank and wealth, but she has to fight her prejudice. She teaches Mr Darcy a lesson that makes his cynical attitude change. By the end of the novel they both learn true judgement.
BUDAYA KOMUNIKASI WARGA MADURA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Abstract</p><p>Th e diversity of the existing cultures in an area emerged the di? erences of communication cultures as well. Th e communication cultures of Madura’s people with especially Javanese in Jepara are certainly di? erent. Th e formulations of the problem in this study are (1) how are the communication cultures in aspect of language use conducted by Madura’s people who worked as the barber in Tahunan Jepara regency? (2) How are the symbols in the communication process conducted by Madura’s people in Tahunan Jepara regency?. Th is research used ? eld research method and ethnograpy approach. Th e data in this research were gained through observation, interview, and documentation. Th e data analysis used cultural theme analysis. Th e data validity in this research used the triangulation technique of data (source). Th e results of this research are: (1) the communication cultures of Madura’s people who worked as the barbers in Tahunan Jepara are loudly and clearly intonation in communication. In addition, they directly express the intention and purpose of their speaking. Languages used by the barbers from Madura with the customers are Javanese and Indonesia language. However, they use Madura language to communicate with their fellows. (2) Th e symbols used by the Madura’s barbers in communicating are verbal symbol called oral communication and non-verbal symbol called body language. Th e symbol of body language is the shaking of the head as the sign that they do not understand what the customers mean. Th e other way, the body language by pitching of the head is as the sign of agreement and understanding of communication purpose.</p><p>Keyword: <em>Culture, Communication, Madura.</em></p>
Disentangling 'social supply' : a personal network study into the social world of cannabis use and its supply

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research into the horizontal complexity of drug markets does not only suggest there are different types of drug markets, but also indicates that within these drug markets a wide variety of dealers or suppliers operate. The concept ‘social supply’ was developed in the 2000s to capture these ‘other’ forms of supply. ‘Socail supply’ refers to a supply that is ‘non-commercial’ and happens between ‘non-strangers’. This study aims to contribute to the theoretical debate on the conceptualisation of ‘social supply’. It thereby also aims to explore why social supply is described as social by young recreational cannabis users and their suppliers. During a computer-assisted interview, 50 young recreational cannabis users drew their personal network maps. Based on the results, a two-dimenstional conceptualisation of (social) supply is put forward. This definition shows the continued relevance of theories on group processes. Aside from these groups processes, an explanation for this particular way of defining appears to include a proces of normifciation.
Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, 1999 [United States]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP) was administered for the first time in 1997 by the United States Bureau of the Census, for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). CJRP replaced the Census of Public and Private Juvenile Detention, Correctional, and Shelter Facilities, also known as the Children in Custody (CIC) census, which had been conducted since the early 1970s. The CJRP differs fundamentally from CIC in that the CIC collected aggregate data on juveniles held in each facility (e.g., number of juveniles in the facility) and the CJRP, which is conducted biennially, collects an individual record on each juvenile held in the residential facility to provide a detailed picture of juveniles in custody. The CJRP asked juvenile residential custody facilities in the United States to describe each youth assigned a bed in the facility on a specified reference date. In 1999, the reference date was the fourth Wednesday in October. Characteristics of the facility, treatment services, and facility population were also collected. Each record in the data that provides information about a juvenile also includes the characteristics of the facility in which the juvenile was held. Therefore, the CJRP data can be analyzed at the juvenile or facility level. Some state and regional agencies provide CJRP data for more than one facility under their jurisdiction. The census was not sent to adult facilities or to facilities exclusively for drug or mental health treatment or for abused or neglected children.
Antimicrobial Studies on Extracts of Three Species ofPhlomis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antimicrobial activity of Phlomis bruguieri. Desf., P. herba-venti. L., and P. olivieri. Benth. (Labiatae), native plants of Iran, were studied using the disk diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Staphylococcus aureus. PTCC 1112, Streptococcus sanguis. PTCC 1449, Escherichia coli. PTCC 1330, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PTCC 1074, Klebsiella pneumoniae. PTCC 1053, Aspergillus niger. PTCC 5011, and Candida albicans. PTCC 5027. The methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Phlomis bruguieri., P. herba-venti., and P. olivieri. exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The methanol extracts were more active against Gram-positive microorganisms (Streptococcus sanguis. and Staphylococcus aureus.). The extracts did not show antifungal activity.
Acquisition of hypoxia inducibility by oxygen sensing N-terminal cysteine oxidase in spermatophytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

N-terminal cysteine oxidases (NCOs) use molecular oxygen to oxidize the amino-terminal cysteine of specific proteins, thereby initiating the proteolytic N-degron pathway. To expand the characterization of the plant family of NCOs (PCOs), we performed a phylogenetic analysis across different taxa in terms of sequence similarity and transcriptional regulation. Based on this survey, we propose a distinction of PCOs into two main groups. A-type PCOs are conserved across all plant species and are generally unaffected at the mRNA level by oxygen availability. Instead, B-type PCOs differentiated in spermatophytes to acquire transcriptional regulation in response to hypoxia. The inactivation of two A-type PCOs in Arabidopsis thaliana, PCO4 and PCO5, is sufficient to activate the anaerobic response in young seedlings, whereas the additional removal of B-type PCOs leads to a stronger induction of anaerobic genes and impairs plant growth and development. Our results show that both PCO types are required to regulate the anaerobic response in angiosperms. Therefore, while it is possible to distinguish two clades within the PCO family, we conclude that they all contribute to restrain the anaerobic transcriptional program in normoxic conditions and together generate a molecular switch to toggle the hypoxic response.
A Two-Layer SD-ANN-CA Model Framework for Multi-Typed Land Use and Land Cover Change Prediction under Constraints: Case Study of Ya’an City Area, Western China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Land use and land cover change (LUCC) prediction of cities in Western China requires higher accuracy in quantitative demand and spatial layout because of complex challenges in balancing relationships between urban constructions and ecological developments. Considering city-level areas and various types of land use and land cover, existing LUCC models without constraint or with only loose demand constraints were impractical in providing evidence of high accuracy and high-resolution predictions in areas facing fierce land competition. In this study, we proposed a two-layer SD-ANN-CA model to simulate and explore the LUCC trend and layout predictions for 2018, 2028, and 2038 in Ya’an City, Western China. The two-layer structure with an upper layer of the SD model and a lower layer of the ANN-CA model, as well as the advantages of all three methods of system dynamics (SD), artificial neural network (ANN), and cellular automata (CA), have allowed us to consider the macro-level demand constraints, meso-level driving factors constraints, and the micro-level spatial constraints into a unified model framework. The simulation results of the year 2018 have shown significant improvement in the accuracy of the ANN-CA model constructed in our earlier work, especially in types of forest land (error-accuracy: 0.08%), grassland (error-accuracy: 0.23%), and construction land (error-accuracy: 0.18%). The layout predictions of all six types of land use in 2028 and 2038 are then carried out to provide visual evidence support, which may improve the efficiency of planning and policy-making processes. Our work may also provide insights into new ways to combine quantitative methods into spatial methods in constructing city-level or even regional-level LUCC models with high resolution.
Investigations on Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis in N‐to‐C Direction (Inverse Synthesis)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The possibility of peptide assembly in the N‐C direction by using HOBt salts of the amino acid 9‐fluorenylmethyl esters has been investigated. The first amino acid derivative has to be coupled with the N‐terminus to the polymer‐bound trityl linker. Determination of the loading with the first amino acid derivative could be carried out according to the same method as for Fmoc‐amino acids on the resin. Kinetic measurements were made of both the coupling of the amino acid derivatives during chain elongation, and the cleavage of the peptide from the resin. Several C‐terminally modified peptides were synthesized with chain elongation being monitored by UV as it is standard practice in peptide synthesis in the usual direction. Particular attention was paid to racemization that may possibly occur.
Multi‐Modal Sensor Calibration Using a Gradient Orientation Measure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new metric for automated registration of multi‐modal sensor data. The metric is based on the alignment of the orientation of gradients formed from the two candidate sensors. Data registration is performed by estimating the sensors' extrinsic parameters that minimises the misalignment of the gradients. The metric can operate in a large range of applications working on both 2D and 3D sensor outputs and is suitable for both (i) single scan data registration and (ii) multi‐sensor platform calibration using multiple scans. Unlike traditional calibration methods, it does not require markers or other registration aids to be placed in the scene. The effectiveness of the new method is demonstrated with experimental results on a variety of camera‐lidar and camera‐camera calibration problems. The novel metric is validated through comparisons with state of the art methods. Our approach is shown to give high quality registrations under all tested conditions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Inflammasome Component Nlrp3 Impairs Antitumor Vaccine by Enhancing the Accumulation of Tumor-Associated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Inflammasome Component Nlrp3 Impairs Antitumor Vaccine by Enhancing the Accumulation of Tumor-Associated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells