jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Boosting mineral revenues in Zambia: Policy options for a sustainable fiscal regime

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Zambia has changed its mineral tax regime repeatedly during the past decades in a bid to raise mineral revenue, but with only modest success. This paper looks at what the country needs to do to create a mining fiscal regime that could sustain operations, boost output, and raise revenues without eroding investment and profitability in the mines. The paper argues that enhancing local ownership of the mines will help assuage resource nationalism while stabilizing the business environment overall. Looking ahead, it will be important for Zambia to build expertise within the line ministries and the tax agency (the Zambia Revenue Authority) for analysing mineral tax and related policies, including issues of domiciliation, transfer pricing, tax loopholes, and how best to address the emerging decarbonization agenda. The creation of a dedicated unit for mining within the tax agency, preferably headed by a commissioner, could help enhance productivity.
Development and Validation of a Novel Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) Biosensor to Measure Tensile Forces at the LINC Complex in Live Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is a large body of evidence supporting the theory that cell physiology largely depends on the mechanical properties of its surroundings or micro-environment. More recently studies have shown that changes to intra-cellular mechanical properties can also have a meaningful impact on cell function and in some cases lead to the progression of ailments or disease. For example, small changes to the protein sequence of a structural nuclear envelope protein called lamin-A is known to cause a variety of neurological and musculoskeletal diseases referred to as laminopathies. Currently, there is little incite into how these mutations lead to disease progression due in part to an inability to measure protein-specific mechanical changes and how these alterations may relate to disruptions in intra-cellular signaling or function. \\par To improve upon the ability to measure mechanical properties inside living cells, a previously validated, genetically-encoded resonant energy transfer (FRET)-force biosensor was modified to localize to the nuclear envelope. This biosensor integrated into the nuclear envelope protein Nesprin-2G and senses small deformations that are resolved by indirect measurements of spectroscopic fluctuations in the fluorescent emission of the sensor. To accurately measure these changes, a new spectral-imaging technique named SensorFRET was developed which can resolve small changes in the FRET sensor under varying levels of fluorescent intensity and with known absolute precision. Using SensorFRET, the Nesprin-2G biosensor (Nesprin-TS) reported changes in actomyosin contractility, nuclear shape, and nuclear deformation. Using Nesprin-TS, fibroblasts derived from patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) reported less force on Nesprin-2G molecules relative to healthy fibroblasts on average.\\par To demonstrate how intra-cellular forces on the nucleus may impact normal cell physiology, bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were genetically modified such that the cytoskeleton was decoupled from the nucleus by saturating KASH binding proteins with a non-functional truncated protein called DN-KASH. MSCs treated with DN-KASH preferentially differentiated into osteocytes (bone cells) at a higher rate than MSCs exposed to osteogenic growth factors. This osteogenic preference after DN-KASH treatment was independent of the cell substrate topology and did not significantly alter integrin expression. However, this tendency to differentiate into osteocytes was dependent on substrate stiffness. Overall, the data imply that an intra-cellular force-dependent mechanism connected to the cell nucleus strongly influences MSC differentiation.
Isometric Unfolding of Stratigraphic Grid Units for Accurate Property Populating – Mathematical Concepts

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Medicago rigidula (L.) All. IG 54978

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Medicago rigidula (L.) All.
Common name(s): Forage
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 54978
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1980-05
Other identifiers: n/a,IFMA 2336
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
[Evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Basic and clinical evaluations of a new oral cephalosporin cefroxadine (CXD) in pediatric fields were investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. MICs of CXD against various bacteria were compared with those of cephalexin (CEX). MIC peaks of CXD against clinically isolated S. aureus (22 strains), S. pyogenes (25), S. pneumoniae (8), H. influenzae (23), and E. coli (23) in pediatric fields, were 1.56, 0.2, 1.56, 25 approximately 50 and 6 .25 microgram/ml, respectively in the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and they were 1.56, less than 0.1, 0.78, 25 and 6.25 microgram/ml respectively in the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. In comparison with CEX, MIC peaks of CXD against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae and E. coli were almost the same with those of the former, it was, however, better by 1 approximately 2 tubes than that of CEX against S. pneumoniae. 2. CXD in the form of dry syrup was administered orally at a dose of either 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg to 5 children, and the serum levels and the urinary excretion were evaluated. In the case of 3 children who were administered a dose of 10 mg/kg the mean serum levels were 11.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes, 13.7 microgram/ml after 1 hour, 4.7 microgram/ml after 2 hours, 0.7 microgram/ml after 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml after 6 hours, while those 2 children who were administered a dose of 20 mg/kg, they were 15.1, 28.5, 12.5, 2.0 and 0.9 microgram/ml respectively. The mean periods of half-life in serum were 0.87 hour in the case of 10 mg/kg and 0.94 hour in the case of 20 mg/kg. The mean excretion rates were 83.8% in the case of 10 mg/kg and 59.8% in the case 20 mg/kg. 3. CXD dry syrup was administered to 31 children with various bacterial infections i.e. acute pharyngitis (15 cases), acute purulent tonsillitis (10 cases), acute bronchitis (4 cases) and 1 case each of acute pyelonephritis and acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, and the clinical and bacteriological responses and side effect were investigated. The clinical response was either excellent or good in all of the cases. Out of the S. pyogenes (20 strains), S. aureus (1), S. pneumoniae (2), E. coli (1) and H. influenzae (1), bacteriological eradication was observed in all strains with the exception of 1 strain each in S. pyogenes and H. influenzae in which reduction was observed. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
Fixed Eruption due to Sulphonamide Hypersensitivity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA previous papers refer to hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis rather than dried serum.The lesions in this case appeared to be friable hyperkeratoses to the naked eye.The clinical picture is undoubtedly due to the unusually large population of acarids, which must have been several thousands in this patient, compared with the average of 11.3 found by Mellanby.There are two possible explanations for this.
Gender and skill dimensions of technological transitions at workplaces: the case of The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study seeks to investigate the impact of technology on employment by gender and skills of the labour markets in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, and employs the VAR model to analyse the impact of technology on employment by gender. It also uses a panel cointegrated autoregressive distributed lag model for the impact of technology on employment by skill groups. The study finds that although technology impacts on employment of gender in the three countries, it is however gender neutral. This study also finds that in the long-term, technology impacts negatively on middle skill employment and positively on low skill and high skill employment in a similar pattern before and after the global financial crises. The impact of technology varies across countries in the short term, attributed to cross-country differences in labour market policies and institutions.
Evaluating the Feasibility of a Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Sensor for Manure Nutrient Prediction

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Livestock manure is typically applied to fertilize crops, however the accurate determination of manure nutrient composition through a reliable method is important to optimize manure application rates that maximize crop yields and prevent environmental contamination. Existing laboratory methods can be time consuming, expensive, and generally the results are not provided prior to manure application. In this study, the evaluation of a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor designated for manure nutrient prediction was assessed. Twenty dairy manure samples were analyzed for total solid (TS), total nitrogen (TN), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N), and total phosphorus (TP) in a certified laboratory and in parallel using the NMR analyzer. The linear regression of NMR prediction versus lab measurements for TS had an R2 value of 0.86 for samples with TS < 8%, and values of 0.94 and 0.98 for TN and NH4-N, respectively, indicating good correlations between NMR prediction and lab measurements. The TP prediction of NMR for all samples agreed with the lab analysis with R2 greater than 0.87. The intra- and inter-sample variations of TP measured by NMR were significantly larger than other parameters suggesting less robustness in TP prediction. The results of this study indicate low-field NMR is a rapid method that has a potential to be utilized as an alternative to laboratory analysis of manure nutrients, however, further investigation is needed before wide application for on farm analysis.
A priori choice of neuraxial labour analgesia and breastfeeding initiation success: a community-based cohort study in an Italian baby-friendly hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate whether the nature of the decision about receiving neuraxial labour analgesia is associated with breastfeeding initiation success (BIS), defined as exclusive breastfeeding until discharge associated with postnatal weight loss <7% at 60 hours from birth. Design Single-centre community-based cohort study. Setting An Italian baby-friendly hospital, from 1 July 2011 to 22 September 2015. Participants Inclusion criteria: women vaginally delivering singleton cephalic newborns and willing to breastfeed. Exclusion criteria: women who delivered in uterus-dead fetuses, were single or requested but did not receive neuraxial analgesia. Overall, 775 out of the 3628 enrolled women received neuraxial analgesia. Results Compared with women who tried to cope with labour pain, those who decided a priori to receive neuraxial analgesia had less BIS (planned vaginal birth: 2121/3421 (62.0%), vs 102/207 (49.3%; p<0.001; risk difference (RD), 12.7%); actual vaginal birth: 1924/2994 (64.3%), vs 93/189 (49.2%; p<0.001; RD, 15.1%)). Multivariable analyses with antelabour-only confounders confirmed both associations (planned vaginal birth: relative risk (RR), 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.87; actual vaginal birth: RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.80). Although women who requested analgesia as a last resort had less BIS than did those successfully coping with labour pain in the bivariable analyses (planned vaginal birth: 1804/2853 (63.2%), vs 317/568 (55.8%; p=0.001; RD, 7.4%); actual vaginal birth: 1665/2546 (65.4%), vs 259/448 (57.8%; p=0.002; RD, 7.6%)), multivariable analyses with either antelabour-only or peripartum confounders did not confirm these associations (planned vaginal birth: RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.23; actual vaginal birth: RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.16). Conclusions Compared with trying to cope with labour pain, a priori choice of neuraxial analgesia is negatively associated with BIS. Conversely, compared with having successfully coped with pain, requesting neuraxial analgesia as a last resort is not negatively associated with BIS.
Malignant alveolar soft-part tumor of leg: report of a case of 15-year duration.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Observation chez une femme de 33 ans presentant des maux de tete progressivement generalises depuis 3 semaines. Son histoire remonte a 15 ans avec presence d'une tumeur des tissus mous au mollet qui, malgre exerese, a recidive avec metastases dans la region parieto-occipitale droite
The Influence of Suprascapular Notch Shape on the Visualization of Structures in the Suprascapular Notch Region: Studies Based on a New Four-Stage Ultrasonographic Protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of the morphology of the suprascapular notch region is important from a clinical point of view because it is the most common site of suprascapular nerve compression and injury. A group of 120 patients underwent ultrasound examination of the suprascapular notch region according to our original four-stage “step-by-step” protocol. The notches were classified based on their morphology and measurements like maximal depth (MD) and superior transverse diameter (STD) as follows: type I-MD is longer than STD, type II-MD and STD are equal, type III-STD is longer than MD, and in type IV/V-notches only the bony margin was visualized without depression. Both suprascapular notches were fully visualized in 115 of 120 patients. The type III suprascapular notch was the most prevalent (64.2%), followed by type IV/V (18.7%), type I (11.1%), and type II (6.0%). Color Doppler analysis allowed the suprascapular artery to be recognized in all visualized notches. The suprascapular vein was visible in 176 notches and the suprascapular nerve in 150. Notches containing both suprascapular nerve and vein were significantly wider and shallower than average. As the suprascapular artery is the most easily recognised structure in the area, it may serve as a useful landmark of the suprascapular notch.
Low-voltage low-power reference circuits for an autonomous robot: I-SWARM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper it is presented the design of the power supply system for an autonomous robot of few mm3 called I-SWARM (Intelligent Small World Autonomous Robots for Micro-manipulation) which is based on the design of a low-dropout regulator (LDO), and a bandgap reference circuit (BG), that has been designed for the LDO. The paper presents the design, stability issues and full Montecarlo studies about the performances of the BG circuit and the LDO regulator, for different temperature and supply conditions. The regulator has been developed to supply the required voltage for the electronics involved in the robot to be tested in a near future. The regulator is based on a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO). The architecture of the BG is based on a peaking current mirror circuit with MOSFET transistors, working in the sub-threshold region. This architecture is very interesting because it presents a good trade-off between performances, area and power dissipation. These circuits have been designed in a 0.13 &mgr;m technology from ST Microelectronics through the CMP-TIMA service.
The changing role of the Gulf in the international political economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past half-decade, the role of the Gulf in the international political economy has changed dramatically. The region’s position as a supplier of world hydrocarbons has slipped, even as local consumption of oil and gas continues to expand. Gulf investments have shifted from the industrialized countries to the Middle East and North Africa. Saudi Arabia no longer exercises disproportionate influence in the Group of 20. Finally, relations with the People’s Republic of China and India have become truly interdependent, which gives the Gulf the capacity to exercise leverage over these two rising powers, despite its diminished position in global affairs.
Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Biologic and Biochemical Properties of Antibiotic-Resistant StrainsComparisons of Sensitive and Resistant Strains of the Same SpeciesAlthough the mechanisms involved in the development of antibiotic resistance will not be considered in detail, some studies designed to elucidate the problem and some illustrations of differences between sensitive and resistant strains may be mentioned. Bellamy and Klimek473 noted that a penicillin-resistant variant of Staph. aureus grew more slowly than its sensitive parent culture and also lost its ability to grow anaerobically. They could not increase significantly the resistance of strains of Str. faecalis, Str. mastitidis or Clostridium welchii by similar methods. . . .
White matter in autism spectrum disorders – evidence of impaired fiber formation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables measurements and visualization of the microstructure of neural fiber tracts. The existing literature on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and DTI is heterogenous both regarding methodology and results. Purpose To compare brain white matter of high-functioning individuals with ASDs and controls. Material and Methods Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), a voxel-based approach to DTI, was used to compare 27 subjects with ASDs (mean age 14.7 years, range 11.4–17.6 years, 20 boys, 7 girls) and 26 control subjects (mean age 14.5 years, range 11.7–17.3 years, 17 boys, 9 girls). Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) image (skeleton) was created and each subject's aligned FA data were then projected onto this skeleton. Voxelwise cross-subject statistics on the skeletonized FA data, mean diffusivity (MD), and measures of diffusion direction were calculated. Importantly, the data were corrected across the whole image instead of using ROI-based methods. Results The ASD group showed significantly greater FA ( P < 0.05, corrected) in the area containing clusters of optic radiation and the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (iFOF). In the same area, λ 3 (representing transverse diffusion) was significantly reduced in the ASD group. No age-related changes were found. Conclusion The results suggest that the reduced transverse diffusion within the iFOF is related to abnormal information flow between the insular salience processing areas and occipital visual areas.
Cost of investigations during the acute hospital stay following total hip or knee arthroplasty, by complication status

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Total hip and total knee arthroplasties are among the most common types of surgery performed in Australia today and are effective treatments for severe osteoarthritis. However, the increasing financial burden on the health system owing to the increasing rates of surgery has led to a growing interest in improving the cost-effectiveness and safety of arthroplasty care. This study was designed to quantify the association between post-operative complications, a major cost driver, and the cost of investigations following total hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods : This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty at an Australian public hospital. We measured the number and cost of imaging and pathology tests performed during the acute hospital stay and used linear regression to quantify the association between complication status and investigation costs. Results : Five hundred patients were included in the analysis. On average, those with complications received more tests, and more expensive tests. The mean combined cost of imaging and pathology tests in patients with no complications was AU$ 187 (SD: 12.0). In comparison, patients with minor complications had a mean additional cost of AU$ 270 (SD: 31.0), and those with major complications had a mean additional cost of AU$ 493 (SD: 54.2) (p<0.001). Conclusions : In patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, investigation costs are substantially greater in the presence of either minor or major complications. With growing volumes of total hip and total knee arthroplasties, a potential focus of future research could include optimising investigation practices for patients with and without complications.
Bioequivalence of Azihromycin Capsules in Healthy Volunteers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To study the bioequivalence of azihromycin capsules in healthy volunteers. METHODS: 21 healthy volunteers designed by latin square were divided into group A, B and C. The three groups were given single dose of azihromycin capsules 1(0.25 g in every capsule), azihromycin capsules 2(0.125 g in every capsule) and reference preparation(0.25 g in every capsule). The plasma concentrations of azihromycin were determined by microbiological assay and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and the bioequivalence was evaluated. RESULTS: Main pharmacokinetic parameters of three kinds of preparations were as follows:Cmax(1.06±0.41)μg·mL-1,(0.99±0.54) μg·mL-1 and (1.07±0.53) μg·mL-1; tmax(2.38±0.86)h, (1.86±0.85)h and (2.52±1.40)h; AUC0～144(11.00±6.15)μg·h·mL-1,(10.65±5.17) μg·h·mL-1 and (10.49±5.17)μg·h·mL-1;AUC0～∞(12.48±7.27)μg·h·mL-1,(11.65±5.64)μg·h·mL-1 and (11.57±5.87)μg·h·mL-1. The relative bioavailabitity of azihromycin capsules 1 and azihromycin capsules 2 were (102.73±15.63)% and (103.17±13.64)%. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that two specifications of azihromycin capsules are bioequivalent to reference preparation.
Effect of Extremely Low Frenquency Magnetic Field on Brain Ischemic Reaction in Rats.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELMF,15Hz, 18mT) on ischemic brain produced by ligation of general carotid artery in left side was studied in rats.The results showed that the degree of brain blood vessel dilatation was higher in magnetic field group than that in control group at the 1st, 3rd and 6th hour after ligation and the extent of damage of neurocyte was apparently lighter in magnetic field group than that in control group at the 3rd and 6th hour after ischemia. It indicates that ELMF stimulation improves the brain blood circulation after brain ischemia and alleviates the brain ischemic reaction.
Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7-Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3Composite Thick Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Bi 1.5 Zn 1.0 Nb 1.5 O 7 (BZN)-Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) composite thick films were prepared from a slurry composed of BZN nano-powders in a BST precursor solution. Thick films were spin-coated on Ag coated alumina substrates and annealed at 800°C for 5 min by a rapid thermal processing. The phase composition of BZB-BST composite films is complex and mainly composed of a BZN cubic pyrochlore structure and a BST perovskite structure. The surface and cross-section micrographs show that the films are uniform and crack-free. Pores were observed in the films. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composite films at 100 kHz are 82 and 0.02 respectively. The dielectric loss and tunability of the films under a DC bias field have been investigated.