jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum: I. Properties of a Quasi-Kerr Spacetime

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

According to the no-hair theorem, an astrophysical black hole is uniquely described by only two quantities, the mass and the spin. In this series of papers, we investigate a framework for testing the no-hair theorem with observations of black holes in the electromagnetic spectrum. We formulate our approach in terms of a parametric spacetime which contains a quadrupole moment that is independent of both mass and spin. If the no-hair theorem is correct, then any deviation of the black-hole quadrupole moment from its Kerr value has to be zero. We analyze in detail the properties of this quasi-Kerr spacetime that are critical to interpreting observations of black holes and demonstrate their dependence on the spin and quadrupole moment. In particular, we show that the location of the innermost stable circular orbit and the gravitational lensing experienced by photons are affected significantly at even modest deviations of the quadrupole moment from the value predicted by the no-hair theorem. We argue that observations of black-hole images, of relativistically broadened iron lines, as well as of thermal X-ray spectra from accreting black holes will lead in the near future to an experimental test of the no-hair theorem.
Generalized Minkowski sets for the regularization of inverse problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Many works on inverse problems in the imaging sciences consider regularization via one or more penalty functions or constraint sets. When the models/images are not easily described using one or a few penalty functions/constraints, additive model descriptions for regularization lead to better imaging results. These include cartoon-texture decomposition, morphological component analysis, and robust principal component analysis; methods that typically rely on penalty functions. We propose a regularization framework, based on the Minkowski set, that merges the strengths of additive models and constrained formulations. We generalize the Minkowski set, such that the model parameters are the sum of two components, each of which is constrained to an intersection of sets. Furthermore, the sum of the components is also an element of another intersection of sets. These generalizations allow us to include multiple pieces of prior knowledge on each of the components, as well as on the sum of components, which is necessary to ensure physical feasibility of partial-differential-equation based parameters estimation problems. We derive the projection operation onto the generalized Minkowski sets and construct an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. We illustrate how we benefit from using more prior knowledge in the form of the generalized Minkowski set using seismic waveform inversion and video background-anomaly separation.
Prevalence of myopia in a sample of Greek students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Purpose: An epidemiological study, concerning the prevalence of myopia among the student population (15–18 years old) of Northern Greece, was carried out. Methods: Specific questionnaires were used in order to collect data on the refractive condition of students. Results: Myopia prevalence was 36.8% and was found to be more common in females (46.0%) than in males (29.7%). The prevalence increased in students with myopic parents and myopic siblings. It was also found that myopia correlates strongly with nearwork and school performance. Conclusion: The study results suggest that myopia is a rather common refractive error in Greek students. Findings also indicate that myopia is probably hereditary and correlates with educational level, intelligence and excessive nearwork.
An Investigation of the Practice of Effective Teaching Strategies in Three Islamic Senior High Schools in South Jakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some research has argued that effective teachers significantly influence students’ performance. However, becoming effective teachers are not easy because they have to apply some strategies of effective teaching. For that reason, this paper intends to investigate whether teachers from three Islamic Senior High Schools in South Jakarta practice effective teaching strategies. These schools have been considered good due to the high mean score of English subject in Ujian Nasional. The framework of effective teaching follows the model developed by Creemers and Kyriakides, which relate teacher behavior in the classroom and student achievement . The framework consists of orientation, structuring, questioning, teaching modeling, applications, teacher role in making classroom a learning environment, management of time, and classroom assessment.
Nymphal Performance of Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) on Pest-resistant Soybeans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Performance of Geocoris punctipes (Say) nymphs was studied on the pest-resistant soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, genotypes PI 171451 and PI 229358, and pest-susceptible ‘Bragg’ and ‘Govan’. G. punctipes nymphal growth rate decreased when the insect food was velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, reared on ‘Bragg’, PI 229358, or PI 171451. Mortality of nymphs increased when they fed on PI 171451- or PI 229358-reared VBC larvae. Direct effects of plant food as detached leaflets included increased nymphal development time and increased nymphal mortality. Development time of nymphs was increased on a diet that included PI 171451 leaf and PI 171451- reared soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)
Mechanical modulation of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan production by valvular interstitial cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Differently loaded regions of the mitral valve contain distinct amounts and proportions of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs); these GAG/PG profiles are altered in abnormal loading conditions such as myxomatous degeneration. However, the role of mechanical stimulation on GAG and PG synthesis by valvular interstitial cells (VICs) is still unclear. This research analyzed first the PGs in differently loaded regions of mitral valve (leaflet and chordae) and then the effects of mechanical strains on GAG and PG synthesis by VICs using an in vitro 3-dimensional tissue-engineering model to develop a deeper understanding of valve mechanobiology.\nThis original research investigated the specific PGs present in human mitral valves and found that the regions in compression (leaflets) are rich in versican and regions in tension (chordae) are rich in decorin and biglycan; these PGs were also detected in the engineered tissues seeded with VICs. Applying constraint increased the synthesis of decorin, biglycan and 4-sulfated GAGs. Constraint also increased versican secretion but reduced its retention within the engineered tissues. The application of constraint was found to be more influential than the directionality (biaxial vs. uniaxial) of strain. Constrained collagen gels containing leaflet cells retained more decorin and biglycan than did those containing chordal cells. The application of cyclic strains decreased the total GAG synthesis, increased the proportions of 4-sulfated GAGs, and reduced the proportions of hyaluronan. Synthesis of the PG versican was increased by leaflet cells and decreased by chordal cells in response to cyclic strain. Chordal cells were found to be more responsive to cyclic strains than leaflet cells, which has implications in the dramatic remodeling of myxomatous chordae tendineae. Synthesis of total GAGs, 4-sulfated GAGs and decorin was found to be strain dependent, whereas synthesis of versican and decorin was frequency dependent. In general, VICs within collagen gels synthesize GAG in proportions and amounts close to that of native valve tissue.\nThis research is the first to show that strains can modulate GAG/PG synthesis by valve cells. These results provide insight into valve mechanobiology and pathology and have implications for understanding the remodeling process of many soft tissues.
Potential Use of Dylox and Other Insecticides in a Control Program for Field Crop Pests in California1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Potential Use of Dylox and Other Insecticides in a Control Program for Field Crop Pests in California Get access H. T. Reynolds, H. T. Reynolds University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. M. Stern, V. M. Stern University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. R. Fukuto, T. R. Fukuto University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. D. Peterson, Jr. G. D. Peterson, Jr. University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 53, Issue 1, 1 February 1960, Pages 72–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/53.1.72 Published: 01 February 1960 Article history Accepted: 30 July 1959 Published: 01 February 1960
Boundary aligned smooth 3D cross-frame field

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a method for constructing a 3D cross-frame field , a 3D extension of the 2D cross-frame field as applied to surfaces in applications such as quadrangulation and texture synthesis. In contrast to the surface cross-frame field (equivalent to a 4-Way Rotational-Symmetry vector field), symmetry for 3D cross-frame fields cannot be formulated by simple one-parameter 2D rotations in the tangent planes. To address this critical issue, we represent the 3D frames by spherical harmonics, in a manner invariant to combinations of rotations around any axis by multiples of π/2. With such a representation, we can formulate an efficient smoothness measure of the cross-frame field. Through minimization of this measure under certain boundary conditions, we can construct a smooth 3D cross-frame field that is aligned with the surface normal at the boundary. We visualize the resulting cross-frame field through restrictions to the boundary surface, streamline tracing in the volume, and singularities. We also demonstrate the application of the 3D cross-frame field to producing hexahedron-dominant meshes for given volumes, and discuss its potential in high-quality hexahedralization, much as its 2D counterpart has shown in quadrangulation.
14 Nanotechnology: a novel weapon for insect pest and vector management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nearly three-fourths of the global fauna are insects and about 1% of them are regarded as major pests or vectors. Sustainable agricultural practices vastly depend on the mitigation of insect pests, the devastators of human food. Some members transmit life-threatening vector-borne diseases. After the 1950s, synthetic insecticides gained popularity in pest and vector control strategies but their detrimental nature on the environment forced the management program's switch to an eco-friendly approach. Nanoscience offers one such efficacious green alternative to suppress the furious action of pests and vector insects on food and health of humans. Nanotechnology can be useful for controlling insect pest and vector populations through the lipid, polymer, clay, metal, and other formulations of nanomaterial-based insecticides, nano-mediated genes or DNA transfer to plants, and encapsulated nanoparticles show great stability, permeability, and specificity. The big advantage is that because of their miniature feature, they are able to spread easily on the body of the target insects and are rather harmless to non-target organisms. This chapter discusses the various formulation techniques of nanomaterials, bio-nanoinsecticides, their modes of action on the different target insect groups, their relevance to pest and vector insect management, and the future challenges and prospects.
2 Subaltern Literature: Theory and Practice (2004–2009)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Subaltern has created influential works, and its representative authors have also intentionally turned from pure literature artistic styles to tell their stories. In doing so, quite a number of the authors demonstrate a new achievement in Chinese writing: proving that can have both artistic quality and social influence. Since its emergence, subaltern has been in a constant transformation. In the early period, most subaltern works were problem fiction, or stories about social problems; in the last few years subaltern has broken out of that mold. Two particular trends are worth noting. One is that many authors describe the inner world and the spiritual state of the subalterns. From this change in direction came a number of superb works. The second trend is a rise in full-length novels about a range of subaltern issues. Previously all notable works of subaltern were novellas and short stories. Keywords: Chinese writing; Cultural Revolution; Literary Tradition; subaltern literature; theoretical issues
If the Goo Sticks: Streamlining Slime with Goosebumps on Canada's YTV Network

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the children's television series Goosebumps and the Canadian specialty children's network YTV. The topics discussed in this article include YTV's branding efforts, as through the use of slime as an icon, and by bringing into the Goosebumps series cult horror director William Fruet. The overall objective is to highlight a particularly overlooked and innovative Canadian children's series, while historically situating YTV's hypercommercial production practices. Goosebumps became one of the most successful and sophisticated Canadian TV shows of the 1990s by adopting and anticipating American post-network strategies to situate itself at the vanguard of the digital era. Through this specific account of YTV and hypercommercialism we consider the role of post-network practices manifest in Goosebumps, and children's television programming more broadly.
Novel nuclear NPDs revealed in HSV-1 infected cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Vero cells were mock-infected or infected (MOI 10) and pulse-labeled for 30 min at the different time points post-infection as indicated. Cells were fixed and processed as described in materials and methods. Large diagonal arrows denote nuclei containing NPDs while small vertical arrows denote the change in cytoplasmic localisation of newly synthesised proteins. (B) Higher magnification images of single cells exemplifying the spatial relationship of NPDs (green) and ICP4 (red) at 2 and 4 hr p.i. For ease of inspection separate channels are shown, with the locations of example NPDs (diagonal arrows) indicated on both channels. In the ICP4 channel, accumulation of foci of ICP4 are indicated by horizontal arrows and NPDs by diagonal arrows.</p>
THE IDENTITY OF “ISRAEL”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract As the Religious Right has increased its political influence on U.S. foreign policy, the issue of Israel's identity has become a key focus. Christians often disagreeas to whether or not ethnic Jews remain the chosen people of God, because of Jesus Christ's New Testament covenant. Some believe in dispensationalism, while others subscribe to Reformed theology. Jews have a critical voice in the conversation about which group can claim to be God's chosen people. It is important to remember that God has promised all people His love and protection, a reality that should inform strained Jewish-Christian and intra-Christian relations over modern Middle East politics.
Poverty and the poor in Central and Eastern Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Poverty is a highly political matter in most regions and nations, but in no region is it as highly politicised as in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This is largely due to its long and politically determined history. In a majority of those countries, during the communist regime, the political authorities declared poverty dead; in some, poverty was considered temporary and exceptional. Consequently, poverty was not a subject of scientific investigation, and public discussions on poverty were banned for decades. In such countries as Romania, the USSR and Poland, the term ‘poverty’ was not officially used until the late 1980s1. In Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, poverty surveys were initiated in the 1960s, but the results remained confidential (Dziewiekca-Bokun et al, 1996, p 411; McAuley, 1996; Novak, 1996). However, in some of these countries (eg Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland), central statistical offices conducted surveys of the living conditions of their populations. In Poland, the problem of poverty assumed stark reality in research dealing with the satisfaction of societal needs. Investigations by the Polish Central Statistical Office and Institute of Social Economy of problems connected with the non-satisfaction of societal needs were always conducted with due consideration of the prevailing limitations of social factors of ascending magnitude: the family, the workplace, nation-wide social security and the sociopolitical alignment of the state. Thus, low-income families with children appeared as statistical categories. Several aspects of poverty, disguised in such terms as ‘indigence’ and ‘dysfunction’, step by step were taken into consideration. Nevertheless, it was the practice not to write about a negative situation, but rather to stress positive steps undertaken by the state to make things better.
Family cluster of Japanese spotted fever

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Family cluster of Japanese spotted feverIn September 2020, an 87-year-old Japanese man presented with a 5-day history of high fever and generalized rash.He had been receiving carbamazepine for trigeminal neuralgia.He had engaged in forestry for some time.His body temperature was 40.3 C, while other vital signs were normal.Physical examination revealed a non-pruritic maculopapular rash on his trunk and extremities, including his palms and soles.No eschar was detected.Laboratory data showed a low platelet count (8.3 Â 10 4 /lL), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (91 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (426 U/L) and C-reactive protein (26.8 mg/ dL).Serological tests revealed no elevation of anti-Orientia tsutsugamushi IgM.Carbamazepine was discontinued due to suspected drug hypersensitivity syndrome, but the fever persisted.Three days later, a 78-year-old Japanese woman, the above patient's wife, presented with a 4-day history of fever and skin rash.Her body temperature was 39.5 C, while other vital signs were normal.Physical examination further revealed a nonpruritic maculopapular rash on her trunk and extremities, including her palms and soles (Figure 1a).An eschar was located on her right earlobe, which indicated the site of an infected chigger bite (Figure 1b).Laboratory data showed a low platelet count (7.7 Â 10 4 /lL), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (77 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (303 U/L) and C-reactive protein
A scalable source coder for a hybrid HDTV terrestrial broadcasting system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A scalable source coder was designed for a hybrid HDTV terrestrial broadcasting system. The hybrid combination of analog and digital methods allows for both high video compression ratios and efficient utilization of the available channel capacity. Efficient channel utilization enables closer receivers to decode high quality video, and allows further receivers to decode natural looking, though lower quality video. The system uses joint source/channel coding to deliver different video components with degrees of integrity reflecting their perceptual importance. Motivation is given for hybrid transmission and analog/digital coding methods. Details of the scalable source coder are provided with a description of its key features, which include pyramid filtering and hybrid video coding. Furthermore, fundamental differences between conventional digital video compression schemes and the proposed scalable hybrid approach are highlighted. Finally, frames of video produced by a computer simulation of the hybrid HDTV system are shown, demonstrating the feasibility of such a system.< >
CAUSE FOR THE FORMATION OF GROOVES ON THE WHEELS OF BLOCK-BRAKED RAILROAD ROLLING STOCK AND THEIR PREVENTION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Grooves on the friction surface of block-braked car and locomotive wheels are not formed as a result of hard structural consitituents in the cast-iron brake blocks, but rather as a result of partial melting and displacement of the wheel steel softened by heating in excess of the solids temperature during the friction process. The displaced steel collects for the most part on the braking surface of the block in the form of foil laminations. The cause for this phenomenon lies in an excessively high softening temperature of the brake block material. To prevent the occurrence of this defect, it is suggested to use cast iron containing low-melting structural constituents in adequate quantity and distribution.
The Role of Resistance Training in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recent research suggests that resistance training (RT) in adults has the potential to prevent, treat, and possibly even reverse the impact of several chronic diseases. A properly designed progressive program can have profound effects on the musculoskeletal system, resulting in enhanced physical and mental health. In this review, the authors summarize recent research detailing the numerous benefits gained from participating in an RT program in those with or at risk for chronic disease. This includes increases in muscle mass and strength; enhanced physical function; reduced risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; improved management of cancer, neuromuscular disorders, HIV, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and reductions in negative mood states. Given these benefits, numerous national organizations, including the committee commissioned to create the National Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, have endorsed the participation in RT as a necessary component of maintaining health. Fortunately, the most current estimates show that a growing number of individuals are participating in RT, but these national estimates still fall below the goal of 30% set by Healthy People 2010. Future research will therefore need to focus on increasing the adoption and adherence of RT, as it carries the potential to dramatically affect public health.
The influence of core competency skills of IRBM tax auditors towards their performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the current audit markets, there is much attention given to the tax auditors’ role in ensuring tax compliance as the tax audit is currently the IRBM’s primary activity. This study using questionnaires to examine the relationship between core competencies towards their performance in completing audit cases. The increase in tax auditor’s performance may reduce the number of unresolved audit cases and increase the voluntary compliance among the taxpayers. 231 questionnaires were completed and returned to be further analysed. It takes a competent tax auditor to resolve all the audit cases and reduce the issues of dissatisfaction among taxpayers on the attitude and performance of the tax auditors. It is the responsibility of the tax administrator to improve the efficiency of tax audits by enhancing the competency of tax auditors. The result in this study shows a positive relationship between skills and knowledge towards performance.Keywords: core competency skills; IRBM tax auditor; performance; knowledge