jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resisting panic: lessons about the role of human rights during the long decade after 9/11

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What the world has seen since the atrocious terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and the counter-terrorism measures states have taken by way of their response, can be characterised as the worst-ever backlash against the promotion and protection of human rights since their post-Second World War emergence in the UN Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948). In this sense, the ‘long decade’ has meant the winding back of the clock by sixty years. As many of the challenges posed by states in relation to the normative code of legally binding human rights relate to what was a major achievement in 1976, namely the entry into force as legally binding international treaties of the twin Covenants, one could equally well say that in legal terms the reversal that began in 2001 was of twenty-five years of human rights protection. But if we focus on practices that have reduced the human person to a mere means, such as in the idea of torturing one individual in the expectation of a benefit to a large group of persons, we can speak instead about turning back the clock by 200 years, to times before the wide approval of Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy with its imperative of treating every human being as an end in him- or herself.
Thiazides and Related Oral Diuretics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preparing for Autistic Patients in Orthopaedic Surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The prevalence of autism in the United States has been climbing for the last 3 decades, and this comes at a time when the medical community is poorly equipped to address the various needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Because busy orthopaedic surgery practices will invariably encounter more patients with ASD, they may want to develop pragmatic strategies and protocols that will promote a successful health-care interaction with these patients.
The Effect of Maternal Overweight and Obesity Pre-Pregnancy and During Childhood in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Maternal overweight/obesity has been associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood. We investigated the effect of maternal overweight/obesity during pre-pregnancy and whether it is a stronger predictor of child obesity, compared to maternal overweight/obesity during childhood. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies published in English, reporting on obese children and adolescents (2–18 years), with overweight/obese mothers in either pre-pregnancy or during childhood were included. A search was conducted from 2012 to April 2022 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE, followed by screening, data extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Eleven eligible studies (9 prospective and 2 retrospective cohort studies; total sample, n = 27,505) were identified. Eight studies examined maternal overweight/obesity in pre-conception, presenting consistent positive associations with childhood obesity, three reported positive associations between childhood obesity and maternal overweight/obesity during childhood, and one presented positive associations between both maternal exposures. The narrative synthesis failed to identify which maternal exposure is the strongest predictor of childhood obesity, with studies reporting significant associations between maternal overweight/obesity and child obesity in both time points. Intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood obesity should focus on supporting women of childbearing age with weight management from preconception and throughout their life-course.
BrainIT collaborative network: analyses from a high time-resolution dataset of head injured patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: \n \nThe BrainIT project was conceived in 1997 and has grown into an international collaboration with the purpose of gathering high time resolution data from head injured patients utilising standardised methodologies. \nMATERIALS AND METHODS: \n \nFrom 1998, 22 participating neuroscience centres collected three main types of information: demographic, physiological data and clinical treatment information. A data collection solution was provided for each centre dependent on their existing facilities and data were collected for the duration of monitoring as defined by the routine care in each centre. On completion of ICP monitoring all personal information was removed and then transferred to Glasgow via the internet where it was converted into a standard format and entered into a central database. Outcome was measured using the extended Glasgow Outcome Score using an interview questionnaire. \nFINDINGS: \n \nData has been obtained from a total of 349 patients (277 male and 72 female) The age of these patients ranged from 1 to 87 years (median 31); 145 had been involved in a traffic accident and 32 were pedestrians; 78 had suffered a fall; 24 were assaulted and the remaining 70 of other causes. A large amount of physiological data was collected (e.g. BP 2,531 days, ICP 2,212 days in total). This dataset has provided the opportunity to perform unique analysis and these include the statistical features of blood pressure, diurnal variations in ICP, optimal sampling rate determination and a comparison of summary measures of secondary insults. \nCONCLUSIONS: \n \nThis challenging collaboration has brought together a large number of centres and developed a successful clinical research network focussed on improving the treatment of head injured patients. It has successfully collected a vast quantity of high quality data that provides a rich source for analysis and hypothesis testing.
1260-P: Self-Management Challenges during Pregnancy among Chinese Americans with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: In 2020, GDM prevalence rate among Chinese Americans was 13.5%, nearly double the US average of 7.8%, despite lower BMI levels. We explored GDM self-management during pregnancy among this high-risk, yet understudied group. Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted in-depth 45-minute interviews with Chinese Americans in NYC 0.5-5 years post-GDM between November 2023-May 2024 until data saturation. We used thematic analysis for data analysis. Results: Participants’ (n=17) mean age was 37.9 years, 76% had two children, and 71% had one GDM diagnosis. Three themes emerged: 1) Unprepared for GDM self-management: Most were ‘surprised’ by GDM diagnosis and many expressed emotional challenges starting self-management; 2) Lack of effective communication: Healthcare providers lacked detailed guidance on culturally relevant food options and physical activity, while participants misinterpreted guidance (e.g., unhealthy reductions in carbohydrate intake) to avoid medication (e.g., insulin); 3) Development of physical and mental distress, such as feelings of starvation and stress. Conclusion: Chinese Americans with GDM face significant self-management challenges including ineffective communication and distress during pregnancy. Culturally tailored interventions are warranted to increase early GDM education, support effective communication, and improve physical and mental health among this group. Disclosure J. Cabrera: None. Y. Bai: None. D. Schulman-Green: None. G.D. Melkus: None. S.V. Lander: None. B. Wu: None. T. Spruill: None. J. Fletcher: None. S. Huang: None. Funding NIH/NIMHD (1P50MD017356-01); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Institutes of Health (NIH/NCATS) (UL1 TR001866); NIH/NCATS (1UL1 TR001445); Rockefeller University Heilbrunn Nurse Scholar Award
Changes in the activity and expression of protein phosphatase‐1 accompany the differential regulation of NHE3 before and after the onset of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim The Na + /H + exchanger NHE 3 activity decreases in the proximal tubule of spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR s) as blood pressure increases, and this reduction is correlated with higher NHE 3 phosphorylation levels at the PKA consensus site serine 552. This study tested the hypothesis that this lowered NHE 3 activity is associated with an increase in PKA activity and expression, and/or a decrease in protein phosphatase‐1 ( PP 1) activity and expression. Methods Proximal tubule NHE 3 activity was measured as the rate of bicarbonate reabsorption by stationary microperfusion. NHE 3 phosphorylation and protein expression were determined by immunoblotting. PKA and PP 1 activities were determined using specific substrates under optimal enzymatic conditions. Results The PKA activator, 6‐MB‐ cAMP , increased the phosphorylation levels of NHE3 at serine 552 in the renal cortex; this increase happens to a much greater extent in young pre‐hypertensive SHRs (Y‐SHRs) compared to adult SHRs with established hypertension (A‐SHRs). Likewise, the inhibitory effect of 6‐MB‐ cAMP on NHE3 transport activity was much more pronounced in the proximal tubules of Y‐SHRs than in those of A‐SHRs. Renal cortical activity of PKA was not significantly different between Y‐SHRs and A‐SHRs. On the other hand, Y‐SHRs exhibited higher protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, and their expression of the PP1 catalytic subunit PP1 α in the renal cortex was also higher than in A‐SHRs. Conclusion Collectively, these results support the idea that the lower NHE 3 transport activity and higher phosphorylation occurring after the development of hypertension in SHR s are due, at least in part, to reduced PP 1‐mediated dephosphorylation of NHE 3 at serine 552.
Intimate Transitions: Transgender Practices of Partnering and Parenting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article begins by examining sociological studies of intimacy and suggests that, despite a rise of interest in non-normative practices of sociality, transgender lives and experiences are absent from analyses of changing social relationships. Drawing on research data in the form of three case studies, I explore the experiences of intimacy within the context of gender transition: first to consider the impact of gender transition upon partnering relationships, and second to reflect upon how gender transition is negotiated within parenting relationships. I conclude by suggesting that the incorporation of transgender experiences into analyses of contemporary practices of intimacy enables a richer understanding of wider social changes in patterns of sociality.
The Determination of the Effectiveness of the Ministry of Education’s Information Technology Formator Teacher Programme: the Case of Ankara

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to determine whether the Information technology formator teacher programme administered by the Ministry of Education has been implemented effectively or not. The research has adopted a descriptive survey model, a survey consisting of 9 demographic, 52 likert type and 1 open-ended question which was sent via chain e-mail to 214 Information technology Formator Teachers employed in Ankara, the survey has been answered by 170 participants. The evaluation statements of the trained teachers, showing no variation among participants in terms of gender, school type employed, length of service and specialization, demonstrated that the participants found the training programme; highly usefull, enabling the development of vocational knowledge and ability; insufficient in terms period of training and content; sufficient with regard to the number of appointed personel; sufficient due to the applications conducted; sufficient enabling the acquisition of satisfactory amount of knowledge from most of the training topics. The evaluation statements of teachers with 26-31 age range and a graduate level of education showed a more negative trend. As a result the evidence founded in this research has showed that there is a need to; take the opinion of the participants in terms of the timing of training; extend the period of training; arrange, after training, developmental training, courses and seminars that will enable participants to develop themselves and share information. Keywords: Information Technology Formator Teacher Programme, in-service training, Developments Unique to a Country, Instructors training, Information Technology
Protocol 42: Preterm Labor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preterm labor precedes approximately 50% of preterm births. Preterm birth is the foremost problem in obstetrics and accounts for most perinatal death. The rate of perinatal morbidity is indirectly proportional to gestational age at birth. The pathophysiology of preterm labor is not well understood. At least four main mechanisms have been described: inflammation/infection, abruption (decidual bleeding), maternal and/or fetal stress, and excessive mechanical stretching of the uterus. Preterm labor is better prevented than treated. Preterm birth is associated with severe complications for the neonate. These include both short-term and long-term complications for the baby born too soon. Several preventive interventions have been shown to be successful in reducing the risk of preterm birth. The incidence of preterm birth in the United States had increased more than 30% in the 20 years up to 2006. This was mostly due to increases in use of assisted reproduction, and indicated preterm birth.
Management of energy industry enterprises based on the sustainable development concept

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Methods. Sustainable development of energy company is affected significantly by principals of external economic environment that is local, national and global economies. The problem of choosing a model of sustainable development of a mining enterprise is determined, which makes it possible to predict the trajectory of its development in the short and long term, the choice of optimal solutions. It was emphasized that the cluster mechanism is an effective and efficient tool for stimulating the development of the regional economy. The theoretical foundations of the essence of clusters, their effective formation and functioning have been analyzed. The understanding of the essence of the regional cluster in modern business conditions and the need to improve the conceptual foundations of its definition are studied. Results. It is proposed to manage the mining enterprise on the basis of sustainability based on the principle of sustainable development based on the value of the object. The main purpose of this method is to monitor production costs in order to reduce them and redistribute overhead costs. Novelty. The concept of «autonomous specialized poly-structural cluster» of the mining region is proposed, which, unlike the existing ones, provides for the combination of business entities not on the basis of belonging to one industry through the manufacture of relevant products and providing services, but on the basis of belonging to a single resource center of the cluster, which provides an opportunity to use a complex of resources of natural and man-made origin for production and provision of services in various industries. Practical value. The integration of these provisions in order to adapt to the harmonious development of the energy enterprise can help resolve the conflict between the principles of sustainable development and the rules of the market economy.
MODIFICATION OF PARATHION'S TOXICITY FOR RATS BY PRETREATMENT WITH CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON INSECTICIDES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Oral pretreatment of rats with chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides greatly increases their resistance to poisoning by organic phosphate insecticides. Previous work in this laboratory demonstrated that the pretreatment is followed by a rise in the serum aliesterase level. Aldridge has shown that A-aliesterase is capable of hydrolyzing paraoxon (an organic phosphate). It is suggested that an increase in the level of this organophosphate hydrolyzing enzyme plays a part in the protection observed.
PKM2 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Breast cancer is the leading cause of females characterized by high invasive potential. It is necessary to explore the underlying mechanism of breast cancer metastases and to find specific therapeutic targets. PKM2 is considered a new biomarker of cancer with upregulated expression in tumor tissue. PKM2 participates in the cancer-specific Warburg effect to regulate fast glucose intake consumption. Besides, PKM2 also contributes to cancer progression, especially tumor metastasis. In this study, we showed that PKM2 is upregulated in breast cancer tissues and the upregulating of PKM2 in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis. PKM2 can regulate tumor progression by promoting tumor cell viability and mobility. Furthermore, overexpression of PKM2 can promote EMT to encourage tumor metastasis. These findings indicate PKM2 is a potentially useful diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
A Study of Strength Reduction Factor Preparation for Circular Concrete Columns confined by Carbon Sheet Tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 각도와 시트장수(3T, 5T 및 7T)로 제작된 카본시트 튜브로 구속된 원형 콘크리트 기둥의 압축강도 실험을 수행한 후 압축강도 실험실과 강도감소계수를 제안하였다. 실험체는 $300mm{\times}600mm$ 크기로 제작하였으며, 탄소섬유의 각도는 $90^{\circ}{\pm}0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}75^{\circ}$ 및 $90^{\circ}{\pm}90^{\circ}$이다. 압축강도 실험은 10,000 kN UTM을 이용하여 0.01 mm/sec 가력속도의 변위 제어법으로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과의 회귀분석을 통하여 각도별 압축강도 및 극한변형률을 예측하는 실험식을 제안하였으며, 국내 콘크리트 부재의 설계법인 극한강도 설계법 적용을 위한 강도감소계수를 제안하였다. 강도감소계수는 Monte Carlo Analysis를 이용하여 해석을 수행하였으며 그 값은 0.64로 제안하였다. 탄소섬유시트를 이용하여 카본튜브를 제작하는 것은 시공자의 기술력에 따라 구조성능이 좌우될 수 있으므로 카본튜브 제작 및 시공 시 각별한 현장관리가 요구된다. In this study, circular concrete column specimens confined by carbon sheet tube with different winding angles and different number of carbon sheet plies(3T, 5T and 7T) were tested to propose design equations and a strength reduction factor. Specimens were designed by 300 mm diameter and 600 mm height with $90^{\circ}{\pm}0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}{\pm}90^{\circ}$ carbon fiber angles. A 10,000 kN UTM was used for compressive strength test of specimens by displacement control method with 0.01 mm/sec velocity. Estimation equations of compressive strength and ultimate strain of circular concrete column specimens confined by carbon sheet tube using a regression analysis and a strength reduction factor to apply ultimate strength design method of concrete were proposed. The strength reduction factor(${\phi}$) of circular concrete columns confined by carbon sheet tube was estimated as 0.64 by the Monte Carlo Analysis Method. Manufacture and construction process have to be perfectly managed by construction managers because the structural capacities of carbon tubes were depends on construction abilities of manufacturing operators.
Inside Back Cover: A Molecular Secret Sharing Scheme (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2019)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cooperative information protection is applied at the molecular scale by splitting a fluorescent DNA-based key generator into four shares. In their Communication on page 184 ff., D. Margulies et al. show that four users must combine their shares and assemble the molecular security device to gain access. By responding to diverse chemical signals, the device generates unique fluorescence pattern-based access keys, thus ensuring that the data cannot be retrieved by individual users.
Non-Destructive Determination of Chemical Effects onFluorescence Yields and Vacancy Transfer Probabilities ofTin Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the current work, it was investigated to the K X-ray fluorescence efficiency and chemical effect on vacancy transfer probability for some tin compounds. We used Br2Tin, TinI2, SeTin, TinF2, TinSO4, TinCl2, TinO and TinS compounds for experimental study. The target samples were irradiated with 241Am annular radioactive source at the intensity of 5 Ci which emits gamma rays at wavelength of 0.2028 nm. The characteristic x-rays emitted because of the excitation are collected by a high-resolution HPGe semiconductor detector. It has been determined that the experimental calculations of the tin (Sn) element are compatible with the theoretical calculation. In addition, we have calculated the experimental intensity ratios, fluorescence yields and total vacancy transfer probabilitiesfor other Sn compounds.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Ca2+‐INDUCED PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION OF TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE FROM THE RAT BRAIN STEM

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The incubation of the 35,000 g supernatant of a rat brain stem homogenate in the presence of 7.5 mM‐CaC1 2 for 10 min at 25°C resulted in a more than 2‐fold increase in its tryptophan hydroxylase activity. This activation was irreversible and involved a reduction in the molecular weight of the enzyme, from 220,000 to 160,000. The partially proteolysed tryptophan hydroxylase, in contrast to the native enzyme, could not be activated by trypsin, sodium dodecyl sulphate, phosphatidylserine or phosphorylating conditions; dithiothreitol and Fe 2+ were the only compounds whose stimulating effect on the enzymatic activity was not prevented by the Ca 2+ ‐induced proteolysis of tryptophan hydroxylase. These findings suggest that the mol. wt. 60,000 fragment removed by the Ca 2+ dependent neutral proteinase plays a critical role in the regulatory properties of tryptophan hydroxylase.