jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
4CPS-152 Analysis of pharmaceutical interventions in the exchange of therapeutic equivalents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and importance

Therapeutic equivalents are drugs with a different chemical structure but with similar therapeutic and adverse effect profiles when equivalent doses are administered.

Aim and objectives

To analyse the pharmacotherapeutic interventions of proposing therapeutic equivalents (PIPTEs) for prescribed not included in the pharmacotherapeutic guide medications (NIGM), as well as their degree of acceptance.

Material and methods

A retrospective observational study was carried out over a period of 2 months. The PIPTEs were realised during pharmaceutical validation. The following items were collected: age, sex, prescribed NIGM, acceptance of the PIPTE (it was considered accepted when changes were generated in the prescription), measure adopted by the doctor (change to the proposed equivalent, change to another equivalent, patient contribution or suspension of treatment) and the medical service.

Results

A total of 211 patients (122 men) with a median of 76 years (20–98 years) were reviewed. A total of 2197 interventions were performed: 1294 (58.9%) were about NIGM. Of these, 228 (17.62%) were PIPTEs, with the following distribution according to pharmacotherapeutic group: 78 (34.21%) ARA-II, 65 (28.5%) ACEIs, 34 (14.91%) statins, 32 (14.05%) calcium antagonists, 5 (2.19%) PPIs, 1 (0.44%) anti-H2 and 13 (5.7%) of other groups. Most of the PIPTEs were accepted (79.82% (182)). The degree of acceptance of each pharmacotherapeutic group was: 79.49% (62) for ARA-II, 89.23% (58) for ACEIs, 73.53% (25) for statins, 75.0% (24) for calcium antagonists, 40.0% (2) for PPIs, 100% (1) for anti-H2 and 69.23% (9) for other groups. In 52.19% (95) of cases, the proposed therapeutic equivalent was changed (25 ARA-II, 41 ACEIs, 13 calcium antagonists, 10 statins, 2 PPIs, 1 anti-H2 and 3 other groups). In 25.82% (47) of patients the drug was contributed by the patient, 14.84% (27) were suspended and 7.14% (13) were changed to a drug different from the one proposed.

Conclusion and relevance

The majority of the interventions performed by pharmacists were in relation to NIGM. ARA-II and ACEIs were the groups with the highest number of PIPTEs. More than 75% of the PIPTEs caused a change in the prescription, which resulted in more than 50% of cases substituting the NIGM for the equivalent proposed by the pharmacy service. This reflects the great contribution of the hospital pharmacist to therapeutic exchange programmes.

References and/or acknowledgements

No conflict of interest.
Effect of Convallaria majalis on Kidney Function

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the effect o f Convallaria majalis on kidney function. The kidneys are vital organs thatperform a variety of important functions in our body. Primary and secondary causes o f kidney diseases producechanges in glomerular filtration rate that m ay leads to kidney failure. Blood parameters such as uric acid andcreatinine are used to assess kidney function. C. majalis (CM) commonly called as Lily o f the valley is aHomoeopathic remedy having valuable action on heart and also has diuretic action. Methods: In the present study, the effect o f CM was investigated on serum uric acid and creatinine, byadministrating orally 70% alcoholic extract o f CM (10 and 50 mg/kg), simvastatin (20 mg/kg), 0.05%dimethylsulphooxide (DMSO, 1ml/kg) and distilled w ater (1ml/kg) to test (A & B groups), positive, negativeand control rabbits respectively for 14 days consecutively once in a day. Results: Out of two tested doses, 10 mg/kg o f CM produced significant decrease in uric acid levels from 10.978.40mg/dL in test rabbits (Test A) when compared with control, negative & positive control groups (p<0.05).However, the same dose o f extract showed no effect on serum creatinine levels. Conclusion: According to the data, alcoholic extract o f CM @ 10mg/kg was found as a significant hypouricemicagent.
Auditory nerve fiber activity, behavioral thresholds and cochlear histology following noise induced asymptotic threshold shift

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chinchillas were exposed three to five days to a 95-dB SPL octave band of noise centered at 0.5 kHz. During the exposure, the behaviorally measured thresholds reached an asymptotic level that was between 40–60 dB SPL from 0.5–16.0 kHz. During a 27–15 h period following the exposure, single auditory nerve fibers and the whole nerve action potential (AP) were studied with clicks and tone bursts. Single neuron thresholds were generally 40–60 dB above normal values and were in general agreement with the behavioral audiogram. Fiber tuning curves were broader than normal with reduced slopes. Some units had a region of increased sensitivity below CF. Click thresholds for the units were generally 40–60 dB above normal levels. The visual detection level for AP was also 40–60 dB above its normal value and consistent with the single neuron data. The cochleagrams obtained 15 h after the exposure generally showed a peak outer hair cell loss (&lt;50%) near the apex with smaller losses (&lt;20%) at more basal locations. [Research supported by NSE.]
Effects of Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP on contractile Performance of Isolated Heart Muscle Depressed by Thiamylal and Halothane

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (D-cAMP) on contractile performance of isolated dog heart muscle were investigated with special reference to its effectiveness for the reversal of myocardial depression produced by sodium thiamylal and halothane. D-cAMP increased the velocity of shortening at 0.4 g preload (V'max) and isometric force dose-dependently at concentrations over 1×10-3 M and net-shortening over 2×10-3M. However, the time course of its action was slow, with the peak effect about 70 min after the administration of the drug. This was a sharp contrast to a very rapid onset of action of epinephrine. When V'max was depressed to about 75% of the control by 3.3 mg% of thiamylal or 7.1 mg% of halothane, 3×10-3M of D-cAMP counteracted the depression produced by thiamylal and V'max was increased to 160% of the control, but it failed to reverse the depression produced by halothane and V'max remained 90% of the control. When the concentrations of halothane were lower than 5 mg%, however, D-cAMP at this concentration increased V'max more than the control level. The different responses to D-cAMP of the myocardium depressed by thiamylal and halothane suggest that there may be some differences between these two anesthetic agents in the mechanism for depressing myocardial contractility.
Feeding behaviour and phylogeny: Observations on early derivative Acari

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on laboratory observations of three species of Allothyrus (Parasitiformes: Holothyrida: Allothyridae) from south east Queensland and gut content analysis of 62 individuals representing 11 species of Allothyrus from eastern Australia, we determined that Australian Allothyridae are scavengers that ingest fluids only. Living arthropods, nematodes, snails and annelids were ignored, but dead arthropods were readily fed upon and were sufficient to maintain adults and nymphs for many months. The adults were sluggish, timid animals that relied on armour, thanatosis and probably on noxious chemicals for protection: the juveniles produced secretions from idiosomal glands. In contrast, most early derivative Mesostigmata that we tested (Sejina, species of Sejus and Uropodella; Uropodina, Polyaspi, sp. and Cercomegistina, an undescribed Asternoseiidae) were aggressive predators of small invertebrates and ingested fluids only; however, two species of Asternolaelaps (Sejina) had solid fungal and animal material in their guts. Similarly, the early derivative acariform (Palaeosomata, species of Stomacarus and Loftacarus) and opilioacariform mites (an undescribed Opilioacarida from Australia) that we examined all ingested particulate foods, including fungal and animal material. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the earliest mites were scavengers and opportunistic that ingested solid foods and that fluid feeding is a derived condition linking the three orders of Parasitiformes (Holothyrida, Ixodida and Mesostigmata).
Motor innervation of proximally rotated chick embryo wings

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Chick embryo wing buds were rotated close to the lateral edge of the somites at stage 19, prior to limb innervation. Despite the abnormal orientation of the resulting limb, the motor pools to biceps and triceps were largely normal, as judged by electrical stimulation and horseradish peroxidase labelling just prior to hatching. The only abnormalities were a few caudal motoneurons innervating biceps and a few rostral motoneurons innervating triceps. This distribution is similar to that seen normally in young embryos before the completion of motoneuron death and it is suggested that the rotation may be keeping alive motoneurons which otherwise would die. The morphology of the brachial plexus supplying rotated wings was abnormal. It is concluded that axons growing into the limb bud from the spinal cord can compensate for reversal of both the limb axes and selectively innervate appropriate muscles. The result is consistent with others in which proximal reversal of one limb axis alone produced normal innervation.
Regulasi Penerapan Euthanasia di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Humans must go through life events, including babies, children, teenagers, adults, the elderly and death. Death itself is a process that is greatly feared by humans. However, in the development of technology and science in the medical world, death does not come suddenly, death itself can occur with a plan, this action, namely killing in a predictable place and time, is called euthanasia, which is a killing process that is still controversial today. and has not been resolved properly by several parties. The aim of this research is: 1) To identify regulations for implementing euthanasia from a human rights perspective. 2). To identify the application of euthanasia in positive law in Indonesia. This research methodology uses normative juridical which includes primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of the research state that euthanasia regulations from a human rights perspective in Indonesian society believe that euthanasia is a practice that ignores a person's right to life and is not permitted, but the implementation of euthanasia already exists, which is called passive euthanasia, one of which is the act of doctors sending their patients home on the grounds that there is no treatment or desire. to recover still deserves to be punished if Indonesian law still prohibits euthanasia. However, this behavior does not violate the law, and often occurs in our society
Kartagener Syndrome: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kartagener syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes defects in the action of ciliary movement, characterized by clinical triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. We present the case of an 18-year-old male with repeated respiratory infections. He was diagnosed with Kartagener syndrome based on his clinical presentation and imaging features. In patients presenting with recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, Kartagener syndrome should always be kept in mind. The correct diagnosis of this disorder in early life is very important to prevent complications and improve a patient's quality of life.
Real-Time Contactless Heart Rate Estimation from Facial Video

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increase in health consciousness, noninvasive body monitoring has aroused interest among researchers. As one of the most important pieces of physiological information, researchers have remotely estimated heart rates from facial videos in recent years. Although progress has been made over the past few years, there are still some limitations, such as the increase in processing time with accuracy and the lack of comprehensive and challenging datasets for use and comparison. Recently, it was shown that heart rate information can be extracted from facial videos by spatial decomposition and temporal filtering. Inspired by this, a new framework is introduced in this thesis for remotely estimating the heart rate under realistic conditions by combining spatial and temporal filtering and a convolutional neural network. Our proposed approach exhibits better performance compared with that of the benchmark on the MMSE-HR dataset in terms of both the average heart rate estimation and short-term heart rate estimation. High consistency in short-term heart rate estimation is observed between our method and the ground truth.
Multilevel Recording in Ge2Sb2Te5 Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The current–voltage characteristics measured on Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films in the current mode are studied. The effect of multilevel recording is established when applying sequential current pulses with increasing maxima. It is shown that this effect can be associated with memory-channel expansion. The memory-channel size is estimated. It is concluded that Ge2Sb2Te5 films can be used as memristors.
Preparation, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of spray-dried ternary solid dispersion of biopharmaceutics classification system class II model drug

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel spray-dried ternary solid dispersion (TSD) on the dissolution rate and bioavailability of a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II model drug, atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATC), and evaluate its in-vitro and in-vivo performance. Methods TSD of ATC was prepared by spray-drying method employing ethanol/water solvent systems. The TSD formulations, composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5) and nicotinamide, were optimized by rotatable central composite design. Physicochemical characterization along with dissolution, stability and pharmacokinetic study of optimized TSD was evaluated. Key findings The optimized TSD was found to be amorphous with spherical shape morphology. It exhibited a fourfold increase in dissolution rate in comparison to ATC, with a considerable enhancement in oral bioavailability (relative bioavailability of 134.11%). Physicochemical characterization and dissolution study of optimized TSD at the end of stability studies clearly indicated that the stability of optimized TSD was due to hydrogen bonding between drug and HPMC E5 and nicotinamide. This bonding remained unaffected even under stressful conditions of high temperature and humidity. Conclusion The TSD exhibits a significant increase in dissolution rate, and for this reason should be useful as an efficacious tool to enhance the bioavailability of BCS class II drug molecule, ATC.
Covenants, Creditorsâ€™ Simultaneous Equity Holdings, and Firm Investment Policies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes how creditorsâ€™ simultaneous debt and equity holdings affect firm investment policies. We find that firms with dual ownership are less likely to have capital expenditure restrictions in loan contracts, and the relation varies in predicted ways with the monitoring needs of borrowers and the monitoring capacity of dual owners. A less frequent use of capital expenditure restrictions, however, does not result in borrowersâ€™ risk-shifting. Dual ownership firms are also more likely to be granted an unconditional waiver and do not significantly reduce debt issuance or investment expenditures after a financial covenant violation. Our results highlight how dual ownership can help mitigate shareholderâ€“creditor conflicts.
OUTLINING SOCIAL JUSTICE FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: AN EXPLORATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ever since men began living in society, thinkers and philosophers aimed at defining the goal of human beings to attain in order to lead a good life. An individual, according to Plato, is insufficient by himself. Such insufficiency can be overcome only when he joins with others to meet mutual needs. Society is thus a relationship of mutual co‐operation and exchange (Aristotle, Al‐Farabi). In this relationship, everybody expects that ‘justice’ should be done to ensure one's due. Therefore, justice is the supreme value of the society. A societal condition is said to be just or a good or happy one, where everybody is ensured of his due. On the other hand, an unjust or unhappy society is that where a sense of injustice or ‘feeling of deprivation’ exists. Thus justice is a guarantee for happiness and injustice becomes the cause of unhappiness. Justice and happiness are, therefore, inextricably interwoven. Good life or happiness, the universal quest of mankind, can only be achieved, said Aristotle, in a society that is based on justice.
LHD 5p5L-AL01-NF #185248.4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Dialogue interpreting on television

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Television is one of Dialogue Interpreting’s privileged settings. Televised talk show interaction is show aimed at entertaining off-screen viewers. The very existence of an off-screen audience affects every action performed by on-screen interlocutors, whose primary goal is providing entertainment. Interpreters actively participate in the interaction, co-constructing it together with host and guest(s). Television interpreters divest themselves of their traditional invisibility and acquire a higher degree of autonomy, although still abiding by the show and entertainment principles. The pedagogic relevance of our data is its awareness-raising potential on the additional challenge represented by the interpreter acting as on-screen participant, thus encouraging students’ critical reasoning and stimulating meta-translational and interactional observations rather than a merely lexical and propositional analysis of the interpreter’s turns.
Collaboration and Collaborating

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

People working together and interacting with each other is central to health practice relationships. Clinicians do not work in isolation; they work with patients and their carers, colleagues, other healthcare professionals and community services. Without collaboration healthcare services struggle to be effective, timely, safe and appropriate. In this chapter we are focusing on the notion of collaboration and the acts involved in collaborating as part of health practice relationships.
Symptoms in temporomandibular joints dysfunction in adult patients with thyroid diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wprowadzenie. Zaburzenia endokrynologiczne mają wpływ na funkcjonowanie niemalże całego organizmu. Choroby tarczycy dotyczą 2-5% społeczeństwa, częściej występują u kobiet i w wieku starszym. Cel badań. Ukazanie wpływu chorób tarczycy na objawy dysfunkcji układu ruchowego narządu żucia (URNŻ). Materiał i metodyka. Badania retrospektywne przeprowadzono na podstawie analizy 322 kart badań pacjentów Manualnej Funkcjonalnej Analizy URNŻ (MFA) w oparciu o kryteria DC/TMD, którzy poddali się fizjoterapii Stomatognatycznej na terenie Klinik Stomatologicznych w Krakowie. Grupę 44 pacjentów (40,2 ±10,6 lat) z zaburzeniami URNŻ i współwystępującymi chorobami tarczycy, podzielono na cztery podgrupy: niedoczynność tarczycy (N1=13), nadczynność tarczycy (N2=11), choroba Hashimoto (N3=11), guzki tarczycy (N4=9). Zastosowano kwestionariusz Manualnej Funkcjonalnej Analizy URNŻ (MFA) oraz kwestionariusz badania palpacyjnego mięśni głowy i szyi wg Festy. Dane zostały poddane analizie statystycznej z uwzględnieniem wskaźnika p-value <0.05. Wyniki. Zaobserwowano, że objawy hypomobilności SSŻ występowały u pacjentów z niedoczynnością tarczycy (84,6%), a hypermobilność była częstsza u chorych z nadczynnością tarczycy (45,5%). U pacjentów z chorobą Hashimoto najczęściej diagnozowano zespoły bólowe URNŻ (90,9%). Napięciowe bóle głowy (58,8%) oraz szumy uszne (52,3%) współwystępowały z zaburzeniami URNŻ w chorobach tarczycy. Jednakże nie zauważono dominacji powyższych objawów w poszczególnych chorobach tarczycy (p>0.05). Wnioski. Choroby tarczycy mają wpływ na objawy bezpośrednie i pośrednie dysfunkcji URNŻ. Aczkolwiek nie wykazano statystycznie istotnych różnic pomiędzy rodzajami chorób tarczycy a objawami dysfunkcji URNŻ.
Mast Cell Count Analysis in Oral Inflammatory Lesions, Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Mast cells have been studied for decades due to their prominent role in normal homeostasis and various pathologies. They display a diversity of roles and are proposed to be a part in the pathogenesis of various pathologic lesions. Aims and Objectives: To histologically evaluate the number of mast cells in tissue sections of oral inflammatory lesions, potentially malignant disorders and oral carcinomas. Methodology: 10 cases each of inflammatory lesions, potentially malignant disorders and carcinomas were considered. Tissue sections were stained with H&amp;E to confirm the diagnosis &amp; 1% toluidine blue for evaluation of mast cells. Cells were counted manually in a stepladder fashion and were expressed as an average number of mast cells per 30 high power fields. Results: Inflammatory hyperplasia among the inflammatory lesions and lichen planus among the potentially malignant disorders showed an increase in number of mast cells. While oral Squamous cell carcinoma showed an average of 48 cells / 30 high power fields. Conclusion: These results suggest that there is significant evidence on the presence and increase in the number of mast cells supporting the biologic effect these cells have on the individual lesions. Index terms- mast cells, potentially malignant disorders, precancerous lesions, oral cancer
Dengue Fever in Adults, a Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Dengue fever is a very common viral infection with potential serious complications and is one of the WHO challenges to limit its spread especially in view of lacking specific treatment or approved vaccine. We noticed over long time frequent cases of dengue fever with some characteristic laboratory findings particularly leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes. These findings sometimes give concerns about safety of the patients so admission and sometimes isolation that could be unnecessary for some patients. Objectives: To present our data about variable clinical presentations and laboratory changes associated with dengue fever infection in adults and complications encountered in our institute in Saudi Arabia. So that we can give recommendations about the diagnosis, management and protection. Methods: We included all dengue fever positive cases starting September 2007 till end of December 2014. The data gathered through tracking the records of patients requested for Dengue fever serology in the main laboratory of the International Medical Centre (IMC). Data for analysis: Age, gender, characteristic laboratory changes, clinical manifestations and complications. Results: Dengue fever is a self-limiting viral infection in the majority of cases. Incidence of dengue infection in males: females is 2:1. Dengue fever manifestations in order of frequency: Fever, body aches, gastro intestinal symptoms, headache, and skin rash and chest symptoms. Incidence of complications in our study was 5.5%.