jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clozapine for the treatment of resistant psychosis – CLOZAPINE UNIT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), according to HOWES et al. 2017, is defined as a patient’s condition in which, despite two or more treatment cycles with adequate dosage and duration of antipsychotic treatment, the patient’s condition does not improve to the extent expected with positive or negative or cognitive symptoms persisting. The heterogeneity of patients with resistant psychosis is high, and some may show the resistance in the course of the disease after years. However, several patients show resilience from the first psychotic episode. Objectives Treatment resistant psychosis is probably a distinct subtype of schizophrenia, with a different etiopathogenetic mechanism. Clozapine is currently considered the drug of choice with proven efficacy, whereas atypical antipsychotic drugs are inferior in efficacy in the treatment of resistant psychosis. Methods The mechanism of action of the drug is unknown and there is a potential for serious side effects to occur, which necessitates the adoption of a specific protocol for clozapine administration and patient monitoring in regular psychiatric clinical practice. Results The Adult Psychiatric Clinic of Sismanoglio General Hospital in Athens, Greece, in its effort to create a systematic and integrated treatment and monitoring of patients who take clozapine, has created, in collaboration with the cardiology and hematology department of Sismanoglio Hospital a special unit for paients with treament resistant scizophrenia. Conclusions The unit called “CLOZAPINE UNIT” will ensure the regular and continuous monitoring of patients receiving clozapine during and after their hospitalization in the psychiatric clinic. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Crocodilian evolution, systematics and population genetics: Recovery and ecological interactions of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The goals of this research were to explore the use of genetic markers to infer biological information about crocodilian species and populations. Given that the range of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is much larger than its sympatric congeners; this species was used as the focal point for my study. The American crocodile is sympatric in Cuba with the Cuban crocodile (C. rhombifer), in Meso-America with Morelet’s crocodile (C.moreletii) and in South America with the Orinoco crocodile (C. intermedius). The New World Crocodylus system, due to its geographic arrangement, presents an interesting opportunity to model broad-scale evolutionary process. Modern conservation biology requires the integration of both ecological and molecular data. The grand purpose of this work is to provide a genetic context spanning a scale from the species level to specific populations, including inter-species interactions in wild populations and breeding strategies. I begin by using mitochondrial markers to infer the phylogenetic relationships of New World crocodiles. I continue with an examination of the genetic structure of American crocodiles in Florida compared to other populations from Meso-America. Then I later relate those findings with breeding strategies of a specific wild population that has colonized and successfully utilized an artificial habitat. I also inspect putative hybridization zones between Morelet’s crocodile and the American crocodile in the Yucatan Peninsula using a combination of multiple microsatellite loci, mitochondrial sequences and morphological assignments. \n \nAll New World crocodiles formed a highly supported clade with C. niloticus as a sister taxon. ND4-tRNAHis-tRNASer sequences did not provide sufficient resolution among populations of C. acutus, therefore partial control region sequence data were used to make population-based inferences. Two haplotypes were most prevalent within the Florida population, but surprisingly distant haplotypes were also found, indicating the migration of foreign haplotypes into Florida. This hypothesis is supported by government documentation of foreign releases into Florida waters. In Mexico hybridization was found to be not only widespread but bidirectional between the American and Morelet’s crocodile. The majority of hybrids were classified as F2 and C. moreletii-backcrosses. Using microsatellite data from 10 loci I found that nesting efforts within Turkey Point Power Plant (Florida, USA) are the result of inbreeding, and thus this site exhibits very low genetic diversity compared to other crocodilian populations. Relatedness values were very high among (r = 0.5624) and within nests (r = 0.5910 – 0.7457). Additionally, I could not detect multiple paternity within 8 nests due to minimal allelic diversity.
GROUND DISPLACEMENT IN A FAULT ZONE IN THE PRESENCE OF ASPERITIES

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Friction on faults controls slip distribution in response to tectonic stress: the friction distribution can be simplified by considering locked zones (asperities) surrounded by aseismic slipping zones. The aseismic slip of fault sections has an important role in concentrating stress on the asperities and in producing their failure. The slow ground displacement in fault zones is measurable through classic or spatial geodetic techniques and may help to localize the greater asperities on faults. Therefore accurate geodetic measurements in fault zones may be used to evaluate the seismic hazard in the region. We represent the Earth's crust by an elastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space, including a plane normal fault. A locked asperity is considered on the fault, while the surrounding area of the fault surface undergoes a uniform slip. The surface displacement field is analyzed in the presence and in the absence of the asperity; the influence of the asperity shape, size and depth is studied also varying the dip angle of the fault. We conclude that an asperity, whose area is about 1 km 2 , determines a surface displacement of mm order, when its centre is placed at depths ranging from 5 to 10 km and the surrounding fault area slips by tens of centimeters: in this case an asperity with an area of about 5x5 km 2 could be reasonably localized by current geodetic measurements.
Application of the Kvaal Method in Age Estimation of the Serbian Population Based on Dental Radiographs

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the Kvaal method in determining the age of a Serbian population. In this retrospective descriptive study, 170 dental patients (age range 16–77 years) were included. The measurements of six types of teeth were performed on digital orthopantomography radiographs according to the Kvaal method. Statistical inter-observer and intra-observer reliabilities were calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements, as well as to examine the correlation between chronological age and measured values. The evaluation revealed a substantial difference (over 12 years) between chronological and estimated age. The P ratio had the strongest correlation with chronological age for the maxillary central (r = ±0.293) and lateral incisors (r = ±0.240), whereas the pulp/root width ratio at level A had the strongest correlation for the mandibular first premolars (r = ±0.270). The lowest SD values, for measurements on teeth 15/25 (SD = 125,787), had the most accurate correlation with age. Thus, we can conclude that the original Kvaal method is not applicable in the age estimation of the Serbian population. For future research, we suggest using cone beam computer tomography as a precise technology to evaluate the applicability of Kvaal and other methods for age estimation.
Computational Intelligence Techniques for Communities of Practice Network Formation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of the algorithms using the computational techniques have
specific objectives, like
prediction or diagnosis, based on fixed data structure. Such algorithms are the main elements of the
intelligent systems that have to select the appropriate data, to obtain information from the selected data,
and then to create concepts and to reason in
order to produce knowledge. In
this context, a new
organizational form has emerged that complements existing structures and emphasizes knowledge
sharing and learning, called the community of practice. The concept has received much attention from
researchers and practitioners in the management area, especially in
knowledge management.
<b>Din, Müzik ve Kimlik Bağlamında Türkiye'de İslami Popüler Müzik</b> / <i>Islamic Popular Music in Turkey within the Context of Religion, Music and Identity</i>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p><strong>Islamic Popular Music in Turkey within the Context of Religion, Music and Identity</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article, by examining the culture of Islamic Popular Music in Turkey, examines the role of this culture in forming and expressing of Islamic identity. The aim of this article is to point out how Islamic identity is expressed and transferred by means of popular music and what kind of changes this identity formed by means of Islamic music has experienced from 1990s to 2000s. This study has made analysis in the light of the following hypothesis “Islamic Popular Music is one of the important cultural components in comprehending the Islamic understanding of the period.” The samples of the style of Islamic Popular Music between 1990-­2000 were named as “Islamic Protest Music”. The most significant characteristic of Islamic Protest Music in 1990s is that the message contents rely on the distinction of “we and others”. In 2000s, Islamic Popular Music has turned into Islamic popular music which is away from giving a message through its melody, rhytm and instruments but carries commercial worries in accordance with the concerns of music industry.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Din, Müzik ve Kimlik Bağlamında Türkiye'de İslami Popüler Müzik</strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu makale, Türkiye’de İslami Popüler Müzik kültürünü inceleyerek bu kültürün İslami kimliğin oluşması ve ifade edilmesi üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu incelemektedir. Makalenin amacı, İslami kimliğin popüler müzik aracılığıyla nasıl ifade edildiği, aktarıldığı,ve ayrıca İslami müzik aracılığıyla oluşturulan bu kimliğin 90’lı yıllardan 2000’li yıllara nasıl bir değişim geçirdiğini göstermektir. Çalışmada “Dönemin İslami anlayışının kavranabilmesinde İslami popüler müzikler önemli kültürel öğelerden birisidir” varsayımından hareketle çözümlemeler yapılmıştır. İslami popüler müzik tarzının 1990-2000 yılları arasındaki örnekleri, “İslami protest müzik” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. 90’lı yıllar İslami protest müziğin en belirgin özelliği, mesaj içeriklerinin “biz ve onlar” ayrımına dayalı olmasıdır. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte İslami popüler müzik, ezgi, ritim ve enstrümanlarıyla mesaj iletme amacından uzak, müzik piyasasının gereklerine uygun bir şekilde ticari kaygı öncelikli, İslami bir pop müzik türü haline gelmiştir.</p>
Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva Linn.) Flowers Improve Sleep Quality in Human and Reduce Nitric Oxide and Interleukin-6 Production in Macrophages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The flowers of daylily ( Hemerocallis fulva Linn.) have been used as vegetable and medicinal herb for thousands of years in Taiwan and eastern Asia. Daylily flowers have been demonstrated to exert several biomedical properties. In this study, we provided the evidences show that daylily flowers exert anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and improved the sleep quality in vivo . We demonstrated that adult volunteers received water extract of daylily flowers improved sleep quality, sleep efficiency and daytime functioning, while sleep latency was reduced, compared to the adult volunteers received water. In addition, we demonstrated that aqueous and ethanol extracts of daylily flowers inhibited nitric oxide and interleukin-6 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Furthermore, the quantitative high performance liquid chromatography-based analysis showed the rutin content of the aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extract, and water fractions of ethanolic extract were 7.27, 23.30, 14.71, and 57.43 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that daylily flowers have the potential to be a nutraceutical for improving inflammatory-related diseases and sleep quality in the future.
Factors associated with the sexual experiences of underprivileged Mexican adolescents.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated factors associated with the sexual experiences of 523 underprivileged Mexican adolescents. Approximately 41% of the males and 24% of the females were sexually active, with more than half not using contraceptives. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sexual activity was strongly associated with age, knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, and attitudes toward sexuality. Positive affective responsiveness in the family was associated with sexual activity and number of sexual partners. Family problem solving and roles were also associated with sexual activity. The use of contraceptives was negatively related to affective involvement between parents, and being a victim of sexual abuse was negatively associated with number of persons in the family. These findings support the notion that affective environment within the family is a factor in adolescent sexuality.
Church Affiliation and Life Course Transitions in The Netherlands, 1850-1970

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Netherlands, with dozens of different religious denominations, offer a fine laboratory to study religious differentials in demographic behavior. In this article, I analyze a large historical database with more than 30.000 reconstructed life courses, to answer the question whether statistically significant and consistent behavioral differences across life course domains existed between members of different churches. For each domain – marriage, co-residence, fertility and mortality – the question will be whether the specific ideology of the denominations accounts for the differences or whether the social milieu or life style of the members of these denomination are more important, even after controlling for socio-economic status. By charting demographic differentials across the life course, it becomes possible to detect whether different churches had specific “life scripts” or ideal scenarios according to which their members should live their lives.
Hydrogen bonding and properties of organic conductors. 2. Electronic properties and structure of M2(TCNQ)3 and M(TCNQ)2 systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bonding and properties of organic conductors. 2. Electronic properties and structure of M2(TCNQ)3 and M(TCNQ)2 systemsA. D. Bandrauk, K. Ishii, K. D. Truong, and M. AubinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 8, 1478–1485Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100254a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100254a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electron Acceleration in Ultraintense Laser Pulse Interaction with Solid Targets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Zusammenfassung Die Interaktion von ultrakurzen, hochintensiven Laserpulsen mit einem Festkorper-Target ist ein aktives Thema intensiver theoretischer und experimenteller Studien. Diese sind in der Lage Partikelstrahlen hoher Qualitat zu erzeugen. Dichte, kollimierte, schnelle Elektronen sind fur eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen von Bedeutung, zum Beispiel bei der Tragheitsfusion, ultrakurzen Rontgenquellen und der Ionenbeschleunigung. Die schnelle Zundung bei der Tragheitsfusion ist ein vielversprechendes Schema, bei dem die Fusionsreaktionen durch relativistische Elektronen, die durch einen superintensiven Laserpuls beschleunigt werden, ausgelost werden. Eine Modulation in der Target Oberflachenstruktur ist ein effizientes Verfahren um sowohl die Erzeugung als auch die Kollimation der schnellen Oberflachenelektronen zu verbessern. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Elektronenbeschleunigung von Gittern mit unterschiedlichen Rillenabstanden (Doppel-, Nah- und Sub-Wellenlange) mit der von flachen Spiegel-Targets verglichen. Dazu wurden die unterschiedlichen Targets mit hochintensiven (I ≈ 2 × 1020W/cm2), ultrakurzen (τ ≈ 28 fs) (Prepuls-to-Puls ≈ 10−11) Laserpulsen beschossen. Es konnte ein Anstieg des Elektronenflusses entlang der Oberflache des Nah-Wellenlangengitters um den Faktor 3,5 im Vergleich zu den flachen Spiegel-Targets beobachtet werden. Ein signifikanter Unterschied der Elektronentemperatur konnte jedoch nicht festgestellt werden. Unter einem Einfallswinkel des Lasers von 45° tritt, bei den Sub-Wellenlangengittern, ebenfalls ein hochenergetischer Elektronenfluss in Richtung des reflektieren Strahls auf. Die Winkelverteilung und die Energiespektren von schnellen Elektronen, die durch Beschuss dunner Folien erzeugt wurden, wurden sowohl unter schragem Lasereinfall als auch unter Einfall normal zur Target Oberflache untersucht. Die Effizienz der schnellen Elektronenerzeugung hing stark von der Target Dicke und dem Lasereinfallswinkel ab. Die effektive Elektronentemperatur sinkt mit der Target-Dicke. Dies ist unabhangig vom Laser Kontrast. Die Laserenergieabsorption wurde unter Verwendung einer Ulbricht-Kugel gemessen, in die die Targets eingeschlossen waren. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit den Untersuchungen zur Elektronenbeschleunigung uberein. Der optimale Einfallswinkel fur die Energieabsorption durch Gittertargets betragt 45◦, anders als bei den flachen Targets, deren absorbierte Energie mit dem Lasereinfallswinkel ansteigt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse wurden mit 2D-Simulationen unter Verwendung des EPOCH Particle-in-Cell-Codes verglichen. Ein analytisches Modell wurde entwickelt, um die Resonanzwinkelverschiebung und die nichtlinearen Effekte vom sogenannten Pre-Plasma im SPW-Anregungsmechanismus zu interpretieren.
Heritage, civilization and oblivion in inter-war Britain: the case of the city churches

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay investigates public debates over the prospective loss of Christopher Wren’s City of London churches as a window onto changing public attitudes to ‘heritage’ and historic preservation during the inter-war years. It argues that the Great War made a profound impact on the ways in which the British public engaged with notions of heritage and historic preservation. In particular, this essay claims that inter-war debates over church demolition expose the considerable extent to which the war popularised conceptualisations of ‘heritage’ which had, since the 1870s, been entertained exclusively by a small cultural elite.
Acetolysis of 6‐Deoxysugar Disaccharide Building Blocks: exo versus endo Activation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two different protocols for the mild and selective acetolysis of 6‐deoxysugar methyl disaccharides under thermodynamic or kinetic control have been developed. The structures of the disaccharides obtained depend on the protocol used and, in the kinetically controlled cases, on the 6‐deoxysugar configuration and protecting group pattern too. The behavior of 6‐deoxyhexose oligosaccharides of different series ( rhamno , quinovo , and fuco ) under these two reaction conditions has been studied and rationalized based on the competition between exo versus endo oxygen activation in the acetolysis mechanism.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
FIR Approximation of GTD Filter Banks and their Multiresolution Optimality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The theory and design of signal adapted filter banks in the coding gain objective as well as the multiresolution objective are of great interest in many signal processing applications.The role of the generalized triangular decomposition (GTD) filter banks in optimizing perfect reconstruction filter banks has been proposed recently by Ching-Chih Weng et al.They have proposed the GTD filter bank as a subband coder for optimizing the theoretical coding gain.In this paper, we show that the design of the GTD filter bank via the singular value decomposition (SVD) will be reduced to the principal component filter bank (PCFB) and it gives optimal performance in the multiresolution objective.The FIR approximation of the optimal GTD filter banks is also discussed in this paper.This is done by using the iterative greedy algorithm.
Effect of Plasmid Incompatibility on DNA Transfer to Streptococcus cremoris

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several Streptococcus cremoris strains were used in protoplast transformation and interspecific protoplast fusion experiments with Streptococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis , with pGKV110, pGKV21, and ΔpAMβ1 as the marker plasmids. ΔpAMβ1 is a 15.9-kilobase nonconjugative, deletion derivative of pAMβ1, which is considerably larger than the pGKV plasmids (approximately 4.5 kilobases). In general, ΔpAMβ1 was transferred more efficiently than the pGKV plasmids. Using electroporation, we were able to demonstrate that failure of efficient transfer for the pGKV plasmids was, except for one case, caused by incompatibility of these plasmids with resident plasmids of the recipient strain.
A Psychometric Validation of an Extreme IQ Score: The Case of YoungHoon Kim’s IQ 276

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Update Notice: Due to a minor error during the initial preprint submission process, this version has been withdrawn. The corrected and official version of this manuscript is now available exclusively at the following PsyArXiv URL: [https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ghfzw_v1] Please refer only to this updated link for the most accurate and current version of the preprint.
NECK LOADING IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMBAT PILOTS DURING AERIAL COMBAT MANOEUVRES AND SPECIFIC NECK STRENGTHENING EXERCISES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Neck pain and injury is a common occurrence in high performance combat pilots (HPCP) around the world. The cause of this has been attributed to exposure to the unavoidable high mechanical loading related to the neck being positioned in non-neutral head postures whilst being exposed to moderate to high +Gz levels. Specific neck conditioning exercises have been proposed as being a possible method to decrease the incidence of neck pain and injury in this population. However, there has been sparsely published research examining the suitability of selected exercises for HPCP who participate in regular aerial combat manoeuvres (ACM).