jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Twin Pregnancy in a Periurban Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the socio demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and obstetric outcome at delivery and immediate postpartum period of twin gestation in a periurban hospitalMaterial & Methods: An observational study was conducted between January 2000 to December 2004 at Institute of Child and Mother Health. All twin pregnancy irrespective of gestational age admitted in the in-patient department of Institute of Child and Mother Health for delivery and also those undiagnosed cases found to have twin birth were enrolled in the study consecutively from January 2001 to December 2004. Data on socio-demographic factors, predisposing factors for twin gestation and obstetric characteristics was collected using a structured questionnaire. Hospital records were consulted for recording the investigation reports and management options. The outcome variables were maternal complications during antenatal, intranatal and immediate postnatal period, mode of delivery, birth weight and sex of newborn and fetal outcome. All twin pregnancies from the admitted obstetric patients were enrolled consecutivelyResults: During the study period there were 11,185 deliveries and among them 107 were twin gestation. About 22% were primigravida, 78.5% multigravida, 27.1% were illiterate. Most common age group were 24-29 years (39.4%). Antenatal care was availed by 71% of patients and 27.1% twins were not diagnosed till delivery. Family history of twin on maternal side was present in 58.1% and 31.8% had history of taking oral contraceptive immediately before the pregnancy. Ovulation inducing agents were given to 8.3% of twin. Presentations of fetus were both vertex 54.2%, 1st vertex and second breech 16%, and both breech 5.7%. About 55.1% were admitted with labor pain, 6.5% were undelivered second twin. Preterm birth was 27.2% and low birth weight of 1st baby 79.6% and second baby 80.9% respectively. Mode of delivery was vaginal delivery of both fetus 41.6%, caesarean section of both fetus 62.4%, and caesarean for second twin 3.1%. Same sex of both twins was found in 78% and male-male pair was 50%. There was one stillbirth, one conjoined twin and perinatal death was 11.2% Complications encountered during perinatal period were severe abdominal pain 9.3%, retained placenta in 7.3%; and post partum hemorrhage in 4.6% cases.Conclusion: Twin pregnancy is quite common and warrants specialized care during ante partum, intrapartum and postpartum period.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2012; Vol. 27(2) : 57-62
Delayed Homicides Due to Infant Head Injury Initially Reported as Natural (Cerebral Palsy) Deaths

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A spectrum of neuropathology occurs in infants who sustain traumatic brain injury. Because of a prolonged survival interval, there is a risk that these deaths may not be recognized as a sequel of trauma. We reviewed the records in New York City of 5 delayed fatalities due to nonaccidental infant head injury that had survival intervals from 2.5 to 17 years. The head injuries occurred at 2 to 3 months of age, and death occurred at 2.5 to 17 years of age. Initially, they were reported as natural deaths by treating physicians, families, and/or police. All 5 infants had unexplained or poorly explained remote traumatic head injury that included subdural hematomas. At autopsy, the neuropathologic exam demonstrated remote subdural hemorrhages and lesions related to chronic hypoxic-ischemic injury including atrophy, arterial infarcts, border-zone infarcts, and cystic encephalomalacia. Each child survived the initial injury but later succumbed to the delayed effects of secondary hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. These 5 deaths highlight the need to investigate independently the medical history of any child (or adult) who dies with a clinical diagnosis of “cerebral palsy.” The term cerebral palsy often is used as a catchall for any patient who has had neurologic impairment since infancy or childhood. If there is a direct link between the initial injury and the death, even if the injury occurred many years before death, then the injury is the proximate cause of death and dictates the manner of death. All 5 deaths were certified as homicides.
An Adaptive Fusion of Noisy Images for Multi Modal Medical Image Application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multimodal medical images lends to certain problems in the medical imaging fusion system, since the devices introduces noise during the process of image capturing. Because of the appearance of noises in the input images, it leads to trouble as introducing artifacts in the resulted image of fusing the degraded images. This paper proposes a fusion approach for noisy images, captured from two different modalities, that merge adaptively unique details of the images denoised by i) bilateral method ii) curvelet method iii) 2D modulated filter bank method. For the fusion of denoised images, weight may be calculated by residuals of the recommended filtering methods. Performance measures required to show the stability of the proposed method are effectively employed in comparing the results with other state-of-the-art fusion methods.
Influence of Initial Shear Strength on Time-to-Failure of Copper (Cu) Wire Bonds in Thermal Aging Condition

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Copper (Cu) wire bond is used in a majority of microelectronic devices but has not been fully accepted by all industries due to potential reliability issues. Good quality bond is believed to provide high reliability. Shear strength and intermetallic (IMC) coverage are being used as indicators, however there is no developed model. High shear strength is a result of large IMC coverage laterally under the ball, but the reliability of the bond is also related to IMC longitudinal growth (thickness). This work involves studying effect of shear strength on reliability of a variety of experimental Cu ball bonds by performing temperature aging experiments on test devices, in QFN packages. The ball bonds are made by altering ultrasonic power and time to obtain different IMC coverage. All test packages are monitored for resistance change at specific intervals by performing four point resistance measurement. Resistance increase is analyzed with initial shear strength to determine whether “good quality” bonds always lead to high reliability.
Non-Invasive and Temporally Resolved Measurement of Ischaemic Tissue Damage in Acute Stroke Using Quantitative 23Na Magnetic Resonance Microscopy at 7 T

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to define a quantifiable parameter which would allow for the classification of still-viable penumbra and irreversibly\ndamaged (ischaemic core) tissue after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) in a rat stroke model. Differences in Tissue Sodium Concentration (TSC) levels [1]\nand the rate of TSC increase over time [2] have previously been reported in animal models of ischemic stroke, with the expressed aim of trying to differentiate between\npenumbra and ischaemic core. In the current study, quantitative 23Na Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (qNa-MRM) was used to measure the time course of TSC with\nhigh spatio-temporal resolution, in order to investigate regional variations in TSC behavior in the acute phase in a rodent stroke model.
Mother to child transmission of anti- S cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCA) in non-IBD families

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Editor,—We enjoyed the recent study by Sutton and colleagues ( Gut 2000; 46 :58–63) which confirmed our previous findings that elevated anti- S cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCA) are a familial trait in Crohn's disease.1 The lack of concordance in marital pairs indicated that familiality may be due to either a genetic factor or childhood environmental exposure. ASCA are present in 50–60% of patients with Crohn's disease, in 10–15% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and in 2–5% of control subjects.2-5 To gain more information on concordance for ASCA among family members, we studied ASCA distribution in non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) families.

A total …
A review of the effectiveness of computer-based interventions in Australia for anxiety-based disorders and reconceptualization of these interventions from a neuropsychotherapy focus

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper was to analyse the effectiveness of computer-based interventions for anxiety-based disorders in Australia and to propose an alternative model for computer-based interventions through the focus of neuropsychotherapy. In order to illustrate the importance of this subject, the first chapter identified that not only does the number of Australians who have an anxiety-based disorder appear to be growing; only 37.8% of the Australians who have an anxiety-based disorder are actually seeking treatment. There is a large population of unmet need in the Australian community and that there is a demand for alternative treatment options that may address this unmet need. The second chapter identified that there is a significant economic impact for both the individual suffering from an anxiety-based disorder and the Australian community as a whole. As a result, this chapter suggests that there is both an ethical and financial incentive for the government to address the large population of unmet need in Australia. The third chapter suggests that the inclusion of Internet-based anxiety disorder treatment programs may potentially meet some of the unmet need in the Australian community. Consequently this chapter conducted a critical review of this literature and identified that human-supported web-based therapeutic interventions have been shown to have the capacity to be just as effective as traditional face-to-face psychotherapy with similar levels of client dropout and adherence rates. The fourth chapter identifies that the recent developments in neuropsychotherapy have improved mental healthcare and thus discusses how the principles of neuropsychotherapy are applied to the treatment of anxiety disorders in general. Chapter five specifies how Internet-based treatments and are conceptualized through neuroscience and neuropsychotherapy. Consequently, chapter six concludes this critical review by proposing an alternative web-based therapeutic intervention model based particularly on the analysis set out in Chapters four and five. This alternative model suggests that the human-supported web-based treatment include occasional traditional face-to-face interaction between the client and the therapist such that the web-based therapeutic session would not act as a stand-alone service but actually serve as a complimentary intervention combined with traditional face-to-face therapy.
[Clinical experience with clarithromycin in the pediatric field].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) was orally administered to 20 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 1 case of acute pharyngitis, 3 cases of acute tonsillitis, 11 cases of acute bronchitis, 1 case of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 1 case of acute bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia and 1 case of impetigo. Clinical effectiveness was obtained in 15 out of the 20 cases (75.0%). No clinical side effects and laboratory abnormalities were observed. The above results suggest that TE-031 is a useful antibiotics for treating pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
In the Shade of the Jujube Tree

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary This essay is a homage to Fatouma Seyni, one of my West African mentors. In it, I attempt to weave threads of narrative and ethnography to evoke the profundity of West African practical wisdom. More specifically, the narratives demonstrate how patience and respect set a course to learn not only about the mysteries of divination but also about the profound complexities of the human condition. We all sit on the shoulders of our mentors. Much of what I have written is a testament to the foundation my mentors set for me. And yet, my path, which emerges from their thoughts and practices, is not their path. The foundation they set marked a beginning, not an end. "You cannot walk," as the Songhay elders like to say, "where there is no ground."
Effects of Foxp3 gene silencing on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in an inflammatory environment.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In an inflammatory environment, Foxp3 gene silencing promoted hPDLFs migration but had no significant effect on hPDLFs proliferation. The expression of inflammatory factors expressed in hPDLFs increased after Foxp3 gene silencing, indicating that Foxp3 gene inhibited inflammation in periodontitis.
Phonoesthetics of German speech in the perception of Russian speaking recipients

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to study the aesthetic side of sounding German speech perceived by native speakers of the Russian language, as well as to determine the linguistic mechanisms that determine the nature of their assessment. Current changes in Russian-speaking recipients’ perception of the sounding German speech are revealed. The posts in the Internet forums are analyzed, and negative stereotypes are identified which determine the assessment of the aesthetics of German pronunciation, and it origin, with a special role played by feature films about the war against Nazi Germany and documentary chronicles with the speeches of National Socialism leaders. The conclusion is made about the excessive emotionality and aggressiveness of such speeches, however, this manner of speaking is a “stage language” (Bühnensprache) which is not typical of everyday German communication. This aggressively stylized sounding of the German language is used today in popular culture often to create a feeling of rudeness among foreign-language recipients. At the segment level, the negative assessment of sounding German speech by Russianspeaking recipients is associated with the pronunciation of the uvular trembling consonant [ʀ] and the voiced uvular spirant [ʁ]. Aspirates and glottal stops in the German language foster the participants of the experiment and the authors of the posts on the Internet to characterize German speech as clear, but in terms of its melody − as torn or “barking”. Due to the aspiration of voiceless plosives, as well as voiceless palatal spirant [ç], Russian-speaking recipients characterize German speech as hissing and whistling. At the suprasegmental level, greater tension in the pronunciation of sounds, along with a rising tone in neutral communication, make Russian-speaking recipients qualify German speech as rough and aggressive.
Vaccination Coverage of 2-Year-Old Children—United States, 1992-1993

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Well-Balanced Central Schemes for the Saint-Venant Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a new well‐balanced unstaggered central finite volume scheme for the numerical solution of the one‐dimensional Saint‐Venant systems on flat or variable bottom topographies. The Saint‐Venant equations also known as the shallow water equations (SWE) are useful when modeling the hydrodynamics of coastal oceans and lakes and the simulation of tsunami waves and inundation floods. The Saint‐Venant system is a hyperbolic system with a nonzero geometrical source term when flows over variable bottom topographies are considered. In this work we develop a new one‐dimensional well‐balanced central scheme for the numerical solution of SWE systems: The numerical base scheme is an unstaggered extension of the 1D Nessyahu and Tadmor central scheme that evolves the numerical solution on a unique grid and avoids the resolution of the Riemann problems arising at the cell interfaces thanks to a layer of ghost staggered cells. As is the case with general balance laws, the SWE system admits steady‐state solutions in which the nonzero divergence of the flux is exactly balanced by the source term. This balance is very difficult to maintain at the discrete level, and in general most numerical schemes for hyperbolic systems fail to preserve it, and thus generate nonphysical waves. In this work we propose a special discretization of the source term according to the discretization of the divergence of the flux by the numerical base scheme, and then adapt the surface gradient method to the case of one‐dimensional unstaggered central schemes. The resulting scheme ensures the well‐balanced constraint at the discrete level and is consistent with the SWE system.
The Cross-section of Return and Risk: New Evidence from an Emerging Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economic theory suggests that expected returns should compensate for the risks undertaken by investors. This implies that investors are rewarded for taking risks while investing in assets with higher risk potentials. Theoretically, if they hold their investments, they receive higher returns, in long run. Over past few decades, this has been examined in the financial economics research extensively. However, some recent research works have suggested otherwise (see, Buffa, et al., 2014 and Agarwalla et al., 2014). In recent decades, low-risk stocks provide higher returns than riskier stocks. This contradicts a well-established market theory of higher risk-higher return. The distorted relationship between risk and return over last few years has been attributed to the factors such as the risk aversion tendency among investors and the steadily growing practices of index investing by fund managers. Motivated by the emerging theory of upended risk-return relationship, we argue that the positive risk-return relationship hypothesis is true to certain level of risk, however, beyond that threshold, the relationship between risk and return breaks down and they behave independently. We argue that for lower and moderate levels of risk, the returns are positively correlated and compensate for incremental risk undertaken by investors, however, when the risks tends to be substantially higher, the return behaves independently irrespective of changing risk levels.
Inorganic nitrate: a game changer in preventing contrast-associated acute kidney injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Graphical AbstractOpen in new tabDownload slideContrast agent acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is characterized by high levels of oxidative stress, an alteration that impairs vasodilatory mechanism(s) in the renal microcirculation at the glomerular level and other kidney vessels and that causes tubular damage. ROS concentrations [including superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) and other reactive species] are high in CA-AKI and reduce the amount of bioactive nitric oxide (NO) by chemical inactivation to form toxic peroxynitrite. In turn, peroxynitrite uncouples endothelial NO synthase to become a dysfunctional superoxide-generating enzyme, thereby further aggravating oxidative stress. Exogenous inorganic nitrates, via transformation into nitrites, are a powerful source of NO, which effectively restores vasoregulatory mechanisms and reverses kidney damage.
[The results of pylorus-preserving resection of the stomach].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The functional results of pylorus-preserving resection of a stomach (PRS) in 68 patients with gastric ulcer disease were studied. According to the data of gastroscintigraphy and hepatoscintigraphy, it was established that number of patients with decreased motor-evacuatory function (MEF) of the stomach reduced from 31% before the operation to 11% at the long-term period after PRS. Duodenogastric reflux was noted in 10% of the patients as compared with 47% before the operation. MEF of the stomach normalized within 3-6 mos after the operation. Acid-producing function of the stomach after PRS steadily decreased until the development of a hypoacidic state. Basal pH of gastric, body at the long-term period was 3.39 +/- 0.59. An excellent and good result according to Visick scale was noted in 67 (98.5%) patients, a satisfactory one--in 1 (1.5%).
Validating a magnetic reconnection model for the magnetopause

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Originating in the Sun's million‐degree corona, the solar wind flows at supersonic speeds into interplanetary space, carrying with it the solar magnetic field. As the solar wind reaches Earth's orbit, its interaction with the geomagnetic field forms the magnetosphere, a bubble‐like structure within the solar wind flow that shields Earth from direct exposure to the solar wind as well as to the highly energetic charged particles produced during solar storms. Under certain orientations, the magnetic field entrained in the solar wind, known as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), merges with the geomagnetic field, transferring mass, momentum, and energy to the magnetosphere. The merging of these two distinct magnetic fields occurs through magnetic reconnection, a fundamental plasma‐physical process that converts magnetic energy into kinetic energy and heat.
Classification of serine proteases derived from steric comparisons of their active sites.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The steric arrangements of the amino acyl residues in the catalytic triads and tetrads of the active site are compared with each other by means of systematic analysis of the conformation of the serine proteases stored in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank. On this basis a differentiation between the representatives of the (chymo)trypsin family on the one hand and those of the subtilisin family on the other hand is found. The enzyme tonin distinguishes from representatives of the (chymo)trypsin family and should be classified to a new subclass of this family. Thermitase represents a new subclass of the subtilisins. The spatial orientation of the amino acyl residues of the active site of tonin suggests a new mechanism of enzyme catalysis that possibly also occurs in dipeptidyl peptidase IV.