jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gridsat: a distributed large scale satisfiability solver for the computational grid

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Grid Computing is an emerging field in computer science. Research in this area aims at aggregating distributed, heterogenous and federated resources and make it available to Grid applications. In the past two types of applications have been deployed with varying degrees of success. The first type of applications is embarrassingly parallel (a bag of independent tasks). This category adapts well to a computational grid environment. The second category of applications includes mainly scientific code which is tightly coupled in nature. This type of applications is very hard to deploy in a grid environment.
In this thesis we present GridSAT, a new grid application. GridSAT is a distributed complete Boolean satisfiability sower based on the sequential solver Chaff [70]. In addition to its theoretical significance, the satisfiability problem has numerous practical applications. SAT solvers are used in many engineering and scientific fields including circuit design and model checking.
GridSAT is able to achieve new results by solving faster those problems that were previously solved by other solvers. Moreover, it was able to solve problems which were left unsolved by other solvers. GridSAT accomplishes these results by achieving two goals. The first is parallelizing the sequential solver in a manner which allows it to run efficiently on a large collection of resources. GridSAT also uses techniques to enable information sharing between the parallel components to avoid redundant work. The second goal is to design and implement the application so that it can adapt to the dynamic conditions of a computational grid environment. The techniques and design used to realize GridSAT can be deployed with other application to achieve new results.
In addition, we show how multiple GridSAT instances can cooperate to run efficiently on a common set of resources without explicit synchronization. These experiments represent realistic scenarios where many grid applications share a common resource pool.
We have also developed a web portal which accepts problem instances through a standard web browser and returns status and results while shielding users from complexities of running the application manually.
Reply to Terzi et al.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with interest the paper by Bai et al. [1] regarding the efficacy of surgery, mainly pneumonectomies, in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB)-destroyed lungs and we congratulate them on their results.One of the most dreaded complications after pneumonectomy is the bronchopleural fistula (BPF), and this is particularly true for pneumonectomies performed for infectious diseases including TB.The authors report a very low incidence of BPF, but they do not give information about the method, if any, they use to reinforce the bronchial stump.It should be of great interest to know whether or not they protect the stump and to know which criteria they use to decide who can benefit from the bronchial stump coverage.For Wang et al.[2], the incidence of BPF was 9% when parietal pleura or the pericardium were used to protect the bronchial stump, and it was as high as 36% when they were not.According to Pomerantz [3], positive sputum at the time of surgery and polymicrobial contamination increases the risk of BPF, and he suggests using muscle flaps to protect the bronchial stump.In our experience, we used with satisfaction a muscle flap of the serratus anterior or a split latissimus dorsi flap [4] in all sputum-positive patients, most of whom also had a polymicrobial contamination of the destroyed lung.Both these flaps can be easily and quickly harvested and add only a minimal morbidity to the operation.
CONTRIBUTION OF INTERLEUKIN-6TO INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS - ASSOCIATION WITH AGE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Moniwa, Norihito; Takagawa, Y; Ura, N; Saitoh, S; Higashiura, K; Takagi, S; Ohnishi, H; Ohata, J; Yoshida, D; Shimamoto, K Author Information
Miller's and baker's industy of Croatia and storage capacities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cjenovni odnosi u vertikalnom granskom povezivanju primarne poljoprivredne proizvodnje i prerade temeljni je odnos u preraspodjeli dohotka između primarnih proizvođaca i prerađivaca. Ovakovom preraspodjelom proizvođaci žita u najnepovoljnijem su cjenovnom odnosu prema drugim proizvođacima i prerađivacima u navedenom lancu.
Security versus Reliability Study for Multi-hop Cognitive M2M Networks With Joint Impact of Interference Constraint and Hardware Noises

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the trade-off between security and reliability for multi-hop cognitive mobile-to-mobile (M2M) networks. In the proposed scheme, a secondary source sends its data to a secondary destination with assistance of multiple secondary relays in presence of a secondary eavesdropper. The secondary transmitters operate on an underlay spectrum access mode where their transmit power must satisfy interference constraints required by primary users. We derive exact closed-form expressions of the end-to-end outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) for the secondary network over double Rayleigh fading channels. Then, simulations are presented to verify the derived expressions as well as to show the trade-off between OP and IP, and the impact of hardware imperfection, the number of hops and the number of primary users on the performance metrics.
Performance Improvement of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymer solar cells (PSC) based on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) materials containing conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives have large advantages of easy fabrication, and also have considerable potential in renewable energy resources [1–3]. The polymer solar cell efficiencies and their lifetimes can be improved by using metal oxides such as titanium suboxide TiO x or zinc oxide [4]. In this study, we fabricated polymer solar cells with two different bulk heterojunction (BHJ), thieno(3,4-b)-thiophene/ benzodithiophene copolymer,(6,6)-phenyl C 71 butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7/PC 71 BM), poly (3- hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenylC 71 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC 71 BM). For the two PSC devices the TiO x interlayer was inserted between the active layer (BHJ) and metal electrode. The performance enhancement of the devices with and without interlayer was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS measurements were used to investigate structural and optical properties of samples. The current–voltage (J-V) curves of the polymer solar cells with active area of ~ 10 mm 2 were measured. We found that the TiO x layer improved the efficiency and stability of the devices compared with the same devices without TiO x interlayer. Also we observed that the PTB7/PC 71 BM/TiO x solar cell was much stable compared with P3HT/PC 71 BM/TiO x solar cell. References: [1] Y. Lu, C. Alexander, Z. Xiao, Y. Yuan, R. Zhang and J. Huang, Nanotechnology, 23, 2012, 344007. [2] H. Sun, J. Weickert, H. C. Hesse, L. S.-Mende, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 95, 2011, 3450–3454. [3] A. R. b. M. Yusoff, H. P. Kim, J. Jang, Organic Electronics, 14, 2013, 858–861. [4] J. K. Lee, N. E. Coates, S. Cho, N. S. Cho, D. Moses, G. C. Bazan, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett, 92, 2008, 243308.
Supplemental figure 1. PIM expression and overall survival Versteeg cohort from PIM Kinases Are a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Neuroblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>(A-D) High PIM2 and -3 mRNA expression correlates with poor overall survival in neuroblastoma. Kaplan- Meier survival curves of the Versteeg cohort (88 patients) demonstrate overall patient survival, using median PIM expression as a cut-off value for high versus low expression. High PIM1/2/3 indicates patients with high expression of either PIM1, -2, or -3. P-values were calculated using a log-rank test. (E-G) PIM expression across tumor stages (Versteeg cohort). P-values were calculated using a one-way ANOVA and Dunnett''s test. p {less than or equal to} 0.05 (*) (H) PIM expression in MYCN amplified and non-amplified tumors (Versteeg cohort). P-values were calculated using an unpaired T-test. p {less than or equal to} 0.001 (***)</p>
Long-term Functional Outcomes for World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grade V Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Active Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the long-term outcomes of patients with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade V aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent early aneurysm repair. We evaluated consecutive patients with WFNS grade V aneurysmal SAH from April 2010 to March 2015 who underwent aneurysm repair within 72 h after onset. We assessed the functional outcomes at discharge and 3 years after onset using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The primary outcome was defined as a favorable functional outcome (mRS ≤2). We identified 145 patients with grade V SAH during the study period. Of these, 44 patients (19 males and 25 females; median age, 64 years; range, 24-79 years) met the inclusion criteria. For aneurysm repair, surgical clipping and coiling were performed in 40 (90.9%) and 4 (9.1%) patients, respectively. Although no patient had a favorable functional outcome at discharge, 11 (25.0%) patients had a favorable functional outcome at the end of follow-up. The number of patients with a favorable outcome significantly increased during the first year (P = 0.012) and during the follow-up period (P <0.001). Patients who underwent active rehabilitation had significant improvement. Our study showed that one-fourth of the patients who underwent early aneurysm repair with WFNS grade V SAH achieved a mRS score of ≤2 over a 3-year period. It might be important to consider age and rehabilitation for better clinical outcomes. Larger studies are required to adequately assess the long-term functional outcomes and other multi-faceted prognoses.
Uncertainty Quantification in Segmenting Tuberculosis-Consistent Findings in Frontal Chest X-rays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning (DL) methods have demonstrated superior performance in medical image segmentation tasks. However, selecting a loss function that conforms to the data characteristics is critical for optimal performance. Further, the direct use of traditional DL models does not provide a measure of uncertainty in predictions. Even high-quality automated predictions for medical diagnostic applications demand uncertainty quantification to gain user trust. In this study, we aim to investigate the benefits of (i) selecting an appropriate loss function and (ii) quantifying uncertainty in predictions using a VGG16-based-U-Net model with the Monto–Carlo (MCD) Dropout method for segmenting Tuberculosis (TB)-consistent findings in frontal chest X-rays (CXRs). We determine an optimal uncertainty threshold based on several uncertainty-related metrics. This threshold is used to select and refer highly uncertain cases to an expert. Experimental results demonstrate that (i) the model trained with a modified Focal Tversky loss function delivered superior segmentation performance (mean average precision (mAP): 0.5710, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.4021,0.7399)), (ii) the model with 30 MC forward passes during inference further improved and stabilized performance (mAP: 0.5721, 95% CI: (0.4032,0.7410), and (iii) an uncertainty threshold of 0.7 is observed to be optimal to refer highly uncertain cases.
Mental health, eating behaviour and injuries in professional dance students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A high frequency of mental health challenges and injuries in professional dancers necessitate a better understanding of the complexity of such symptoms, and to explore differences according to sex, academic year and performance levels. Professional dance students were recruited to evaluate symptoms of depression and anxiety (SCL-10), resilience (RSA), self-esteem (RSS), perfectionism (CAPS), body appreciation (BAS-2), and symptoms of low energy availability (LEA, LEAF-q) and eating disorders (ED) (EDE-q). Totally 20–54% of the dancers had symptoms of anxiety or depression, LEA (in females), ED and/or injuries, and 12% had a self-reported history with ED. In females, 44% of the variability in SCL-10 was explained by CAPS and RSS; 15% of variability in LEA was explained by EDE-q and training volume; while BMI, academic year and LEA increased the odds ratio of an injury. In all, BAS-2 reduced the odds ratio of EDE-q by -3.33. Totally 50% reported that they could identify personal mental health problems, still <45% would consult a health professional. Enhanced body acceptance may reduce the frequency of mental health challenges in dancers, and improved knowledge of nutrition and body weight regulation may reduce the high frequency of LEA, disordered eating behaviour, and injuries.
Strain-induced Change of Electronic Band Structure of Dumbbell-Shape Graphene Nanoribbon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a novel dumbbell-shape graphene nanoribbon (DS-GNR) was proposed for use in electronic devices, such as strain sensors. The electronic band structure of various dumbbell-shape (DS) structures and its change under the application of strain were analyzed by using first-principles calculations. All the first-principles calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the SIESTA package. The DS-GNR has two single GNR (S-GNR) components. The narrow and the wider S-GNRs form the sensing part and electrode part of the DS-GNR respectively, and connect to each other directly. Due to the intrinsic properties of graphene, two different widths of S-GNRs demonstrate two different electronic properties simultaneously. It has an unpredictable potential for improving the performance of electronic devices by applying only carbon atoms. Further, the complex fabrication procedures of devices can be minimized by using the proposed structure. The electronic band structure of DS-GNR decreases as the width of DS-GNR increases. The different combinations of the electrode part and sensing part of DS-GNR affect the band gap of DS-GNR. Furthermore, the electronic band structure of DS-GNR shows a significant change as a function of strain loaded on its structure. Thus, the DS-GNR structure is applicable to a highly sensitive strain sensor because the electronic properties of this structure can be controlled by the width of GNR and the strain-induced electronic band structure change.
Papanicolaou Screening in Developing Countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. Although progress is optional in all settings, Papanicolaou screening is feasible anywhere that cervical screening is appropriate and should be implemented without further delay in high-risk communities with access to curative treatment services. Successful prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, prospects for which remain uncertain, will not eliminate requirements for cervical screening. The feasibility of human papillomavirus test analysis has not been demonstrated in low-resource developing country settings. Because past failures of cervical screening in developing countries are attributable to failures in programmatic quality rather than to technological limitations of the screening test, a shift in paradigmatic focus from technology toward quality is mandatory. Because visual screening techniques coupled with immediate ablative treatment are rendered obsolete by an embedded quality-control paradox, a moratorium should be placed on all such programs. Considerable opportunity costs, borne by the underserved, are associated with prioritizing research of novel interventions in developing countries when satisfactory interventions already exist.
Channel Modeling for UAV-Aided LEO Satellite Communication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In satellite communication, to solve the problem that it is impossible to deploy ground base stations in some special scenarios to realize normal communication, this paper introduces Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as relay base stations in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication system to construct space-air-ground integrated communication link, and proposes a Three-Dimensional Multiple Input Multiple Output (3D MIMO) channel model based on regular geometry. In this model, a hemispherical model is used to describe the distribution of terminal scatterers. Since the elevation and azimuth angles of the scatterers in the hemispherical model are combined, the effective scatterer distribution is represented by the von Mises Fisher (VMF) function. The statistical properties such as the local Space-Time Correlation Function (S-TCF), Doppler Power Spectral Density (DPSD), Level Crossing Rate (LCR), and Average Fading Duration (AFD) of the channel model are deduced, and the influencing factors of the channel properties are studied and analyzed. The results show that the UAV's moving direction, antenna direction, and initial angle all affect the statistical properties of the model. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the model, and the second-order statistical properties confirm the effectiveness of the model. The proposed model expands the research and application of the satellite communication channel model.
Quantum Oscillation Studies of the Fermi Surface of LaFePO

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We review recent experimental measurements of the Fermi surface of the iron-pnictide superconductor LaFePO using quantum oscillation techniques. These studies show that the Fermi surface topology is close to that predicted by first principles density functional theory calculations, consisting of quasi-two-dimensional electron-like and hole-like sheets. The total volume of the two hole sheets is almost equal to that of the two electron sheets, and the hole and electron Fermi surface sheets are close to a nesting condition. No evidence for the predicted three dimensional pocket arising from the Fe $d_{z^2}$ band is found. Measurements of the effective mass suggest a renormalisation of around two, close to the value for the overall band renormalisation found in recent angle resolved photoemission measurements.
All-Cause Mortality Long-Term Impact of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents on

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.06.030 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008;52;1041-1048 Stephen G. Ellis Kelly, Russell E. Raymond, John M. Galla, Sorin J. Brener, Patrick L. Whitlow, andMehdi H. Shishehbor, Sachin S. Goel, Samir R. Kapadia, Deepak L. Bhatt, PeterAll-Cause Mortality Long-Term Impact of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents onThis information is current as of May 10, 2011 http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/52/13/1041 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, isDownloaded from content.onlinejacc.org
Supplemental feeding of deer reduces tick abundance in Mississippi, U.S.A.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Prior research on baiting and feeding of wildlife found changes in habitat and the concentration of wildlife on a local scale (e.g., hundreds of meters). Since changes in habitat and host density affect ticks, feeding wildlife may lead to changes in tick and tick-borne disease ecology. We quantified the effect of feeding deer on ticks and tick-borne diseases at 79 pairs of sites with and without deer feeders during May-August of 2019 and 2020. We captured 0.4 fewer adult (p<0.05) and 1.2 fewer nymphal ticks (p=0.01) at feeder sites. This effect intensified over time with one fewer tick trapped at old feeders (≥5 years) compared to new feeders (<5 years, p<0.05). Greater daily wildlife visitation rates (p<0.001) may have allowed questing ticks to encounter hosts more readily. Most collected ticks were Amblyomma americanum (92.8%), a vector of Ehrlichia and Rickettsia pathogens, though prevalence of these pathogens did not differ (p>0.13) at a local scale. Supplemental deer feeding appears to influence ticks, possibly due to decreased tick habitat and increased wildlife use around feeders. Our findings indicate feeding does not lead to increased prevalence of Ehrlichia or Rickettsia bacteria within A. americanum locally.
Hydraulic geometry of New Zealand rivers and its use as a preliminary method of habitat assessment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

'Downstream' hydraulic geometry relationships describe the variation of water depth, velocity, and water surface width between rivers of different size at a characteristic discharge, whereas 'at-a-station' geometry describes the variation of hydraulic geometry with discharge within a reach. The instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) also predicts the variation in water depth and velocity with discharge at a reach scale, so that hydraulic geometry relationships can potentially be used as a preliminary method of habitat assessment. Hydraulic geometry relationships were calculated from instream habitat surveys of 73 New Zealand river reaches with mean flows varying from 0.6 to 204 m3 s−1 and an average gradient of 0.0047. The exponents of both at-a-station and downstream hydraulic geometry relationships were within the range of values reported in other international studies, although the exponents indicated that New Zealand rivers tended to experience greater changes in velocity and less in depth than the international average, probably because of high average gradient. The frequency distributions of water depth and velocity were positively skewed in most rivers, and on average the modal velocity was 90% of the mean velocity and the modal depth was 80% of mean depth. The use of at-a-station hydraulic geometry relationships for instream habitat assessment was compared to depth and velocity predictions using habitat simulation techniques (IFIM) in two streams. Measurements of stream width and depth at five cross-sections at two calibration discharges were used to establish at-a-station hydraulic geometry relationships. These predicted mean depth and velocity within 8% of the reach average values of the IFIM surveys within the range of calibration discharges and within 10–15% of the IFIM reach average when extrapolated beyond the calibration discharges. Hydraulic geometry can be used to indicate whether hydraulic conditions approach a 'threshold' such as a minimum acceptable depth or velocity, thus predicating the need for more extensive habitat survey and analysis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The First Spark Spectrum of Manganese (Mn ii)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of the Mn II spectrum has been extended by the classification of approximately 600 additional lines. Most of the newly identified terms belong to the triplet system, for which no levels have previously been located. Intersystem lines have been found which fix the relative positions of the septet, quintet, and triplet systems and all terms of these systems to be expected within 40,000 wave numbers of the ground state have been established. No singlet levels have as yet been located.