jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Closed Loop Transmit Diversity Schemes Based on Power Control Command Bit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present two closed loop transmit diversity schemes for the systems which have designed closed loop power control scheme where the transmitter has equipped with two antennas and the receiver has one antenna. The proposed schemes do not require any additional feedback bits but utilize only the existing closed loop power control command bit in the system. The two proposed schemes are phase transmit diversity (PTD) and selection transmit diversity (STD), respectively. The simulation results show that, compared with single antenna system, the proposed schemes can reduce the transmit power considerably in different fading channels under low mobility conditions
DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CAPTOPRIL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop more simple, sensitive, accurate, and less expensive analytical methods for the determination of captopril in medicines by Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography.Materials and Methods: The chromatographic analysis of captopril performed on liquid chromatography Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC System.Results: A simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific method was developed for the determination of captopril by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography in mono-medicines and pharmaceutical dosage forms in combination with hydrochlorothiazide without previous separation. Satisfactory resolution was achieved using Fused-Core® technology Ascentis Express C18 column (4.6×150 mm) and a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% solution of trifluoroacetic acid (40/60, v/v) at a flow rate 1.2 mL/minute and the wavelength detection was 220 nm. Ascentis Express columns, based on Fusеd-core pаrticle technоlogy, prоvide more than twice the speed and efficiency of traditiоnal cоlumns at half the backpressure of sub-2-μm columns. The retention time for captopril was 1.345 minute. The validation of this method was based on the ICH and USP guidelines.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly indicated that the assay was rapid, sensitive and successfully applied to the determination of both drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from tablet excipients.
Market Structure and Technology Diffusion Incentives under Emission Taxes and Emission Reduction Subsidies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper compares emission taxes with emission reduction subsidies regarding the incentives they create to enhance technology diffusion under imperfect competition. Firms can adopt a »dirty« technology or a »clean« abatement technology. If the clean and dirty products are perfect substitutes, and clean firms face a net absolute advantage over dirty firms, taxes provide the strongest incentive. This ranking is reversed if there is a distortion on output. Subsidies can neutralize this distortion because output supply is stimulated, which would normally be lower than optimal under perfect competition.
Structure of five-co-ordinate SnIVisomers from Mössbauer quadrupole splittings

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The three isomers of trigonal bipyramidal R3SnL2 have been distinguished by linear regression analysis of new 119Sn quadrupole splitting data for five-co-ordinate R3SnL2 and six-co-ordinate R2SnL4 species, showing that the five-co-ordinate systems have splittings ranging from ca. 1.7–2.3 mm s–1 for cis-R3SnL2, ca. 3.0–3.9 mm s–1 for equatorial-R3SnL2, and ca. 3.5–4.1 mm s–1 for mer-R3SnL2.
Figure S2 from Allysine-Targeted Molecular MRI Enables Early Prediction of Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

<p>Figure S2. Mass spectra of MnL4 before and after incubation with butyraldehyde. (A) MS spectrum of MnL4. [M + H]+ calcd for [C25H39MnN6O7], 590.2; found 590.0. (B) MnL4 did not react with butyraldehyde at pH 7.4 (PBS). [M + H]+ calcd for [C25H39MnN6O7], 590.2; found 590.0). (C) MnL4 did not react with butyraldehyde at pH 6.5 (PBS). [M + H]+ calcd for [C25H39MnN6O7], 590.2; found 590.0).</p>
HOW SUSTAINABLE RESEARCH ON SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY: A REVIEW OF FIVE YEARS OF "URBAN TRANSPORT"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explains how that policy makers, in the past few years, have paid more attention to the development of sustainability mobility. One of the main reasons for this change of thinking is due the deterioration of the environmental conditions in urban areas. However, it is though that the research also plays an important part. Therefore, with respect to this topic an inventory was made concerning the past five years of the Urban Transport conferences. Using a system's view on transportation, all research contributions related to the topic of sustainable mobility were classified. A distinction is made between people and freight. Longitudinal research can make it more clear as to whether the attentions or differences concerning this topic have changes in relation to the system's view. The paper identifies whether some research efforts have (not) been successfully implemented in practice.
(Roma) (2)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Satellite ocean color measurements can contribute, better than any other source of data, to quantify the spatial and time variability of ocean productivity and, tanks to the success of several satellite missions starting with CZCS up to SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS, it is now possible to start doing the investigation of interannual variations and compare level of production during different decades ([1],[2]). The interannual variability of the ocean productivity at global and
Bullying and Victimization: The Impact of Peer Conflict on Treatment Response

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research study examined the impact of bullying and victimization on treatment response within short-term residential treatment by analyzing data collected from both students and staff members at a therapeutic summer program. Participants were 255 children attending the Wediko Children’s Services therapeutic summer program during the summers of 2006 and 2007. The age of the participants ranged from 7-20 years old, with the mean age of 12.96. There were 177 male participants and 78 female participants. Each participant completed the Wediko Peer-Self Survey at two points during the summer, which assessed overt and relational bullying and victimization, as well as prosocial behaviors and experiences. Staff members completed the Teacher Report Form behavior checklist at three time points and provided hourly behavioral observations of participants’ aggression and prosocial behavior throughout the summer. Participants’ bullying, victimization, and prosocial experiences and behaviors were compared over time and across gender and age. Behavioral correlates of bullying, victimization, and prosocial behaviors were also examined. Finally, children’s end of summer behavior was predicted from victimization, bullying, and prosocial behaviors and experiences with peers while controlling for early summer behavior. Results showed that although bullying and victimization were not infrequent, prosocial experiences and behavior were more common, with age and gender explaining individual differences in these behaviors. When predicting treatment outcomes, being relationally victimized, as well as engaging in overt and relational bullying, predicted higher end of summer aggression than did prosocial experiences and behaviors. Prosocial experiences and behaviors predicted lower end of summer aggression and higher end of summer prosocial behaviors than did being relationally victimized or engaging in overt and relational bullying. Future research could examine how to reduce victimization and enhance prosocial peer relations in short-term residential treatment.
Diverse Relationships between Batrachochytrium Infections and Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses Across Leopard Frog Populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a fundamental role in the innate defense against microbial pathogens, as well as other immune and non-immune functions. Their role in amphibian skin defense against the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is exemplified by experiments in which depletion of host’s stored AMPs increases mortality from infection. Yet, the question remains whether there are generalizable patterns of negative or positive correlations between stored AMP defenses and the probability of infection or infection intensity across populations and species. This study aims to expand on prior field studies of AMP quantities and compositions by correlating stored defenses with an estimated risk of Bd exposure (prevalence and mean infection intensity in each survey) in five locations across the United States and a total of three species. In all locations, known AMPs correlated with the ability of recovered secretions to inhibit Bd in vitro. We found that stored AMP defenses were generally unrelated to Bd infection except in one location where the relative intensity of known AMPs was lower in secretions from infected frogs. In all other locations, known AMP relative intensities were higher in infected frogs. Stored peptide quantity was either positively or negatively correlated with Bd exposure risk. Thus, future experiments coupled with organismal modeling can elucidate whether Bd infection affects secretion/synthesis and will provide insight into how to interpret amphibian ecoimmunology studies of AMPs. We also demonstrate that future AMP isolating and sequencing studies can focus efforts by correlating mass spectrometry peaks to inhibitory capacity using linear decomposition modeling.
A low complexity receiver for OFDM-IDMA with multiple carrier frequency offsets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing interleave division multiple access (OFDM-IDMA) systems would be severely degraded by the inter-carrier interference (ICI) which is caused by multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs). Existing receivers with CFO mitigation capabilities either have extremely high complexities or suffer from performance loss compared with the conventional receiver in the absence of CFOs. In this paper we propose a new receiver suitable for OFDM-IDMA in the presence of multiple CFOs. By properly performing soft interference cancellation (SIC) and variance approximation, the proposed receiver is capable of completely eliminating the CFO effects with a much lower complexity which is comparable with the zero CFO case. Both signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and complexity analysis are conducted to theoretically validate the idea of the proposed receiver. Simulation results are also presented to compare the proposed receiver with existing ones. It is shown that the proposed receiver is a strong candidate for OFDM-IDMA with CFOs in practice.
Time Resolved CW-EPR Spectroscopy of Powdered Samples:  Electron Spin Polarization of a Nitroxyl Radical Adsorbed on NaY Zeolite, Generated by the Quenching of Excited Triplet Ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) generated in a faujasite zeolite (NaY) by the interaction between a stable free radical (4-oxo-TEMPO) and the triplet state of benzophenone was investigated by time-resolved electron spin resonance spectroscopy (TR-CW-EPR). The TR-CW-EPRs were performed by either pulling a long tube containing powdered zeolite through the EPR cavity during the laser irradiation, or by flowing a liquid transport medium (polydimethylsiloxane) for the zeolite powder, through a flat cell in the EPR cavity. CIDEP was observed for intermolecular triplet quenching (benzophenone triplets with 4-oxo-TEMPO) and intramolecular triplet quenching using a covalently linked TEMPO-benzophenone molecule. The identification of the polarized nitroxide structure was confirmed by employing both 14N and 15N 4-oxo-TEMPO isotopomers. The kinetics of the triplet quenching inside the zeolite were studied by diffuse reflection laser flash photolysis.
A joint theoretical and experimental study for elastic electron scattering from 1,4-dioxane

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present results of measurements and calculations of elastic electron scattering from 1,4-dioxane in the energy range of 0–1000 eV. Absolute differential and integral elastic cross sections have been measured using a crossed electron-molecule beam spectrometer and the relative flow technique, at four energies in the 10–30 eV range and for scattered electrons in the angular range 20°–129°. The measured cross sections are compared with results from R-matrix computations, at the static exchange plus polarization level, calculated at energies between 0–20 eV, and with calculations employing the independent atom model with the screening corrected additivity rule (IAM-SCAR). Those latter computations were conducted at energies between 1 and 1000 eV. Agreement between the measured and R-matrix cross sections was typically found to be good at all common energies, whereas agreement with IAM-SCAR was satisfactory only at 30 eV. To the best of our knowledge, the present results are the first absolute data to be published in the literature for this scattering system.
Large time nonequilibrium dynamics of a particle in a random potential

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the off-equilibrium dynamics of a particle in a general $N$-dimensional random potential when $N \to \infty$. We demonstrate the existence of two asymptotic time regimes: {\it i.} stationary dynamics, {\it ii.} slow aging dynamics with violation of equilibrium theorems. We derive the equations obeyed by the slowly varying part of the two-times correlation and response functions and obtain an analytical solution of these equations. For short-range correlated potentials we find that: {\it i.} the scaling function is non analytic at similar times and this behaviour crosses over to ultrametricity when the correlations become long range, {\it ii.} aging dynamics persists in the limit of zero confining mass with universal features for widely separated times. We compare with the numerical solution to the dynamical equations and generalize the dynamical equations to finite $N$ by extending the variational method to the dynamics.
Report on First Detection of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) on Lupins in Poland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A previously unreported lupin disease—anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk; anamorph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz.)—was first encountered in Poland in July 1995 on white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), grown in experimental fields of the Plant Breeding Station at Wiatrowo. Initially the disease was observed on a few plants or small clusters of plants distributed randomly within the field. Distinct symptoms of anthracnose, including bending of the plant terminal and pinkish-brown lesions on stems, were first observed at the early flowering stage. Diseased stems collapsed, displaying characteristic necrotic, crook-shaped distortions. Field surveys in 1996 indicated the rapid spread of the pathogen within white lupin inbred lines, apparently from natural infection in 1995. Later in the season, symptoms of anthracnose also appeared on yellow (L. luteus L.) and narrow-leafed (L. angustifolius L.) lupins in close proximity to white lupin plots. A fungal pathogen was consistently isolated by plating surface-disinfected symptomatic stem segments on water agar. After 7 to 10 days, heavy sporulation was observed from which a single-spore subculture was made on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidia were one-celled, hyaline, and oblong with obtuse or rounded ends, and were 16 to 20 μm in length, consistent with the conidial descriptions of C. gloeosporioides (1). Acervuli were mostly single and setae inconspicuous. Six fungal isolates were selected to complete Koch's postulates. Conidia from PDA cultures were suspended in sterile water agar and injected into surface wounds on the main stem of white lupin plants. Moist cotton was fastened to the inoculation area for 24 h, then plants were placed in a glasshouse. Within 5 to7 days, typical lesions resembling natural symptoms developed. Symptoms did not appear on control plants. The teleomorph stage of the pathogen was not observed in the field or on inoculated plants. The potential risk of lupin seed infection by C. gloeosporioides is indicated from our preliminary bioassays. Blotter tests were done by plating surface-disinfected seeds of three white lupin seed lot (super-elite) samples, collected from experimental fields in two consecutive years. The seed-borne infection by C. gloeosporioides in samples from 1996 ranged from 9 to 12%, in comparison with no detection of seed-borne infection in 1995 samples examined. In many phytosanitary inspections of seed production fields in 1997, a high level of anthracnose, including total epiphytotics and widespread disease in lupin crops countrywide, was observed. This is the first documented report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on lupins in Poland. Reference: (1) J. A. von Arx. 1987. Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Beihefte zur Nova Hedvigia. Vol. 87. J. Cramer, ed. Berlin. pp. 218, 220.
A Secure and Efficient Revocation Scheme for Anonymous Vehicular Communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient revocation scheme for anonymous vehicular communications, named SEA. SEA is a pseudonymous authentication scheme, but unlike traditional pseudonymous schemes, its CRL size is linear in terms of the number of revoked vehicles and unrelated to the size of vehicle pseudonymous certificate set. SEA supports certificate regional management and keeps the service overhead of RSUs very low. Furthermore, SEA provides strong privacy preservation against the RSUs so that the adversaries can not trace any vehicle even all RSUs have been compromised. Extensive analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme outperforms previously reported ones in terms of the revocation cost and the RSUs service overhead.
Multiband internal antenna using two layer shorted patches for mobile handsets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A compact multiband internal antenna for mobile handset applications is proposed. Multiband operation is realised by two connected patches in the lower frequency band and wide band characteristics in the higher frequency band. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna can effectively cover GSM, GPS, DCS, PCS, UMTS, Bluetooth/WiFi, and SDMB bands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 176–179, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22077
Highly diverged lineages of Saccharomyces paradoxus in temperate to subtropical climate zones in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus has become a new model in ecology and evolutionary biology. Different lineages of S. paradoxus have been recognized across the world, but the distribution and genetic diversity of the species remain unknown in China, where the origin of its sibling species S. cerevisiae lies. In this study, we investigated the ecological and geographic distribution of S. paradoxus through an extensive field survey in China and performed population genomic analysis on a set of S. paradoxus strains, including 27 strains, representing different geographic and ecological origins within China, and 59 strains representing all the known lineages of the species recognized in the other regions of the world so far. We found two distinct lineages of S. paradoxus in China. The majority of the Chinese strains studied belong to the Far East lineage, and six strains belong to a novel highly diverged lineage. The distribution of these two lineages overlaps ecologically and geographically in temperate to subtropical climate zones in China. With the addition of the new China lineage, the Eurasian population of S. paradoxus exhibits higher genetic diversity than the American population. We observed more possible lineage‐specific introgression events from the Eurasian lineages than from the American lineages. Our results expand the knowledge on ecology, genetic diversity, biogeography, and evolution of S. paradoxus .
INTERNATIONAL PROSECUTION OF MACRO-CRIMES COMMITTED DURING THE THIRD ARTSAKH WAR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article articulates the possible legal paths open to international criminal law in order to activate the prosecution of macro-crimes committed during the Third Artsakh War. Neither the Republic of Armenia nor Republic of Azerbaijan nor the Republic of Artsakh is not a member of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This makes it difficult to initiate the prosecution of war crimes on an international level. The following article highlights the difficulties and alternatives in overcoming the legal obstacles for activating international criminal prosecution, by waging and comparing the possible instruments. The legal comparison and the historical overview allow considering three different levels for the prosecution of international crimes committed during the Third Artsakh War, where national prosecution based on universal jurisdiction seems to be the most efficient tool.
ncIDP-assign: a SPARKY extension for the effective NMR assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: We describe here the ncIDP-assign extension for the popular NMR assignment program SPARKY, which aids in the sequence-specific resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The assignment plugin greatly facilitates the effective matching of a set of connected resonances to the correct position in the sequence by making use of IDP random coil chemical shifts. Availability: The ncIDP-assign extension is available at http://www.protein-nmr.org/. Contact: k.tamiola@rug.nl; f.a.a.mulder@rug.nl; support@protein-nmr.org
Potential of calcium silicate to mitigate water deficiency in maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of calcium silicate to mitigate the effects of water deficiency in maize plants yield. A completely randomized factorial design, consisting of five combinations of calcium silicate (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and five different soil moisture levels (30, 70, 100, 130, and 160%), was adopted. The following parameters were evaluated: soil matric potential, xylem water potential, silicon concentration, leaf dry weight, and dry mass production. Matric potential monitoring confirmed that the irrigation depths employed resulted in different environments for maize plant development during the experiment. Confirming the hypothesis of the study, at the lower irrigation depths, the maize production has accompanied the increase in calcium silicate used as corrective up to the proportion of 50%. These results indicate that silicon mitigated the impact of water deficiency in maize plants and increased the xylem water potential.