jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of Human and Economic Development on Fake News Propensity During the COVID-19 Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic augmented the propensity for fake news globally. Today, over 90% of the global population depends on the internet for information. However, there is an enormous difference in fake news propensity in different countries. Thus, one must understand what factors influence the propensity for fake news during the COVID-19 crisis. Leveraging prior literature on fake news, the authors theorize the relationship between human and economic development and fake news propensity within nations. They analyzed the proposed model on a dataset generated from 104 countries. The research finds that a level of human development did not affect a nation's fake news propensity, while a higher level of economic development curbed its fake news propensity. This research extends prior IS research on fake news at the macro level and aims to better inform governments and policymakers in designing future crisis-proof policies to curb fake news.
INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF POLYPHENOLIC SUBSTANCES OF THE JUICE FROM ARTICHOKE TUBERS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

News of the National Academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan Б а с р е д а к т о р НҰРҒОЖИН Талғат Сейітжанұлы, медицина ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА корреспондент мүшесі (Алматы, Қазақстан) H = 10 РЕДАКЦИЯ АЛҚАСЫ: БЕРСІМБАЕВ Рахметқажы Ескендірұлы (бас редактордың орынбасары), биология ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі (Алматы, Қазақстан) H = 12 ЖАМБАКИН Қабыл Жапарұлы (бас редактордың орынбасары), биология ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі (
Inosine in preserving renal function during ischaemic renal surgery.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Laser-induced formation of submicrometer dust particles and the subsequent coalescence phenomena in a low-pressure methane radio-frequency plasma have been analyzed. Six distinct phases can be distinguished: (a) nanoparticle synthesis by laser interaction with the plasma species, (b) particle conglomeration and the formation of ordered Coulomb lattices at the plasma–sheath region above the powered electrode, (c) coalescence of grains within the Coulomb lattice and formation of submillimeter strings, (d) condensation of the strings in the discharge and the formation of V-shaped structures, (e) condensation of the V structures into a single network of several centimeters in diameter suspended in the plasma, (f) deposition of the network on the electrode and its subsequent growth on the surface. Large carbon structures as well as nanoparticles have been analyzed in situ by He–Ne laser light scattering and laser ablation and ex situ by an optical and a scanning electron microscope, and by micro-Raman spectroscopy. © 1999 American Vacuum Society.
Africa's Need

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of smoking on the localisation and clinical course of Crohn9s disease is evaluated in 231 patients. Heavy smokers (greater than 10 cigarettes/day) had an increased risk of operation at least once--odds ratios for heavy smokers compared with never smokers after five and 10 years were 1.14 and 1.24 respectively (p = 0.03 and p = 0.017). The risk of further operations was even higher and after 10 years the odds ratio was 1.79 (p = 0.015). The accumulated number of fistulae and/or abscesses was higher for smokers than for never smokers (p = 0.046). Patients with a high life time tobacco exposure (greater than 150 cigarette years) and heavy smokers (greater than 10 cigarettes/day) had small bowel disease more often than patients with lower life time exposure (less than or equal to 150 cigarette years) and patients smoking less than or equal to 10 cigarettes/day (p = 0.002 and p = 0.045 respectively). The course of Crohn9s disease analysed in different ways was unfavourable for smokers, especially heavy smokers. Patients with Crohn9s disease should be dissuaded from smoking.
Forage yield and grazing efficiency on rotationally stocked pastures of 'Tanzania-1' guineagrass and 'Guaçu' elephantgrass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The potential carrying capacity of tropical pastures depends not only on the productivity of the forage species and the amount of forage on offer, but also on the efficiency with which the produced herbage is harvested by the grazing animal. This study was conducted to assess the yield and grazing efficiency on 'Guaçu' elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and 'Tanzania-1' guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures under rotational stocking. Forage accumulation, daily accumulation rates, grazing losses, bulk density, and utilization efficiency were measured. Treatments (forages) were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Total forage dry matter (DM) yield over 214 days of grazing were 23850 and 15000 kg ha-1, for the elephantgrass and the guineagrass, respectively, using 250 kg N ha-1 in split applications after each grazing. Mean forage accumulation per grazing cycle was 7950 and 5010 kg ha-1 and mean daily accumulation rates were 137 and 86 kg-1 ha-1 d-1 for P. purpureum and P. maximum, respectively. Grazing losses per cycle averaged 1040 and 880 kg ha-1, for grazing efficiencies of 52 and 37% for the Pennisetum and the Panicum, respectively. Mean seasonal stocking rate was 5.1 AU (animal unit = 500 kg LW) per ha on P. purpureum and 3 AU ha-1 on P. maximum pastures. For both species, productivity potential resides on the high pasture carrying capacity, particularly when there are no soil fertility limitations during the warm/rainy season. Based on growth potential and stem elongation characteristics, 'Guaçu' requires better management skills and 'Tanzania-1' has a more pronounced seasonal growth, as expressed by seasonal yields, apparently due to their contrasting responses to temperature and daylength.
Toward Efficiency Public Policy : Lessons from the Uzbekistan’s UzIMEI System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study critically examines the UzIMEI system—Uzbekistan’s mobile device registration and customs policy—through the lens of public administration, focusing on policy efficiency, digital governance, and social equity. Implemented in 2024, the UzIMEI system aimed to formalize imports and improve tax compliance. However, it has encountered significant operational challenges, including manual processing delays, a flat-rate fee structure that disproportionately burdens low-income users, and limited public awareness. Using a literature review methodology, this paper evaluates the administrative shortcomings of UzIMEI and draws comparative insights from international best practices in Indonesia, India, and Kenya. These countries have adopted digital automation, tiered taxation, and public outreach campaigns to improve policy compliance and public service delivery. The analysis highlights that effective public policy must balance efficiency with equity and transparency. The study concludes that a hybrid reform model—comprising digital system integration, progressive fee structures, and citizen engagement strategies—offers the most viable path forward. By implementing such reforms, Uzbekistan can enhance both the effectiveness and fairness of its public services, positioning itself as a leader in equitable digital governance. This research contributes to the broader discourse on digital transformation and inclusive policy-making in emerging public administration contexts.
The Impact of Grade Incentives and Gender on Student Performance: An Experiment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This experiment was conducted to determine the impact of grade incentives and gender on student performance at the university level. We perform a two-way analysis of variance on a sample of three groups of students taking a first-year core mathematics course and another three groups taking a fourth-year compulsory accounting course. We find that grade incentives significantly affect student performance for both sampled courses across all six groups. Gender is found to significantly affect the performance of mathematics students, but not of accounting students. The interaction between gender and grade incentives does not have a significant impact on performance in either experiment.
Determination of the total sugar content in the sweetness inhibitor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Besides sodium 2-(4-methoxy phenoxy) propionate,the total sugar content in sweetness inhibitor is also an important index.This paper describes a method for the determination of the total sugar content in the sweetness inhibitor.The sample was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid(1:1) at 100C for 2h,and the total sugar content was determined by direct titration(Fehling).The results were satisfactory.In this condition,maltodextrin was completely hydrolyzed,and sodium 2 -(4 - methoxy phenoxy) propionate had no interference during the determination.The precision was good(RSD = 1.2%),and the average recovery was 97.8%.The method is simple and provides reference for the standard and the quality control of sweetness inhibitor products.
Seismic Response of Rc Building on Sloping Ground Using Sap2000

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The structures are generally constructed on level ground; however, due to scarcity of level grounds the construction activities have been started on sloping grounds. There are two types of configuration of building on sloping ground, the one is step back and the other is step back setback. In this study, G+ 8 storeys RCC building and the ground slope varying from 150, 300, 450, 600 have been considered for the analysis. A comparison has been made with the building with and without infill wall. The modelling and analysis of the building has been done by using structure analysis tool SAP2000, to study the effect of varying height of the column in bottom storey and the effect of infill wall during the earthquake. The results have been compared with the results of the building with and without infill wall. The seismic analysis was done by linear static analysis and the response spectrum analyses have been carried out as per IS:1893 (part 1): 2002. The results were obtained in the form of top storey displacement, drift, base shear and time period. It is observed that short column is affected more during the earthquake. The analyses showed that for construction of the building on slopy ground the step back setback building configuration is suitable, along with infill and without infill wall.
Alternative antirejection treatment with steroids or antilymphoblast globulin in renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An alternative antirejection protocol using corticosteroids or ALG for reversal of initial acute rejections was studied during a 2-year period in 112 mismatched renal transplant recipients receiving CsA. The majority of patients were cadaver transplant recipients. Thirty-five initial episodes of acute rejection occurred; twelve patients with early or histologically severe rejection were treated with ALG and 23 patients with late, nonsevere rejection received corticosteroid therapy. The overall success rate was approximately 90%, with 21 of 23 corticosteroid-treated patients and ten of 12 ALG-treated patients responding to therapy. The two treatment modalities did not differ with respect to subsequent hospital admissions for fever, second rejections, graft survival, or patient survival. Corticosteroid-treated patients realized significant cost savings and required a shorter hospital stay when compared to ALG-treated patients. An alternative antirejection treatment protocol may be highly effective, safe, and cost beneficial.
BIMBINGAN DAN PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN MELALUI APLIKASI MS OFFICE EXCEL DI KOPERASI UNIT DESA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Cooperatives are business organizations that are run for the common good with the aim of prospering its members. The Dau Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) in the common interest needs improvements. Among them are improvements in increasing cooperation or mutual cooperation, improving financial and asset administration as well as improvements in the presentation of financial statements and SHU. On the other hand, serving the purchase and improvement of store management belonging to KUD Dau also needs monitoring and business improvement. The awards that have been obtained at that time need to be achieved again so that the welfare of the members becomes better. Village Unit Cooperatives need support from various parties to exist again, especially the management of cooperatives professionally, starting from financing, administration, management of goods and services as well as financial reports, as well as improvements in SHU reporting. This issue must be immediately addressed by the parties concerned. information regarding the current condition of the KUD, administrative and financial management has been restructured so that there will be no more chaos in the preparation of financial statements and administering assets.The collaboration between the Polytechnic and the KUD management is one of the supports from the academic community to improve skills related to financial administration, especially the Balance Sheet and financial reports in general through Ms Office Simple Excel training.
NITROGEN RATES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NITRATE FOLIAR CONTENT OF ARUGULA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is the second nutrient most demanded by arugula. However, the positive effect it has on yield can negatively impact the quality of this vegetable, with negative effects on human health. Two experiments (summer and autumn) were carried out to evaluate the effect of N rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha−1) on the arugula growth, yield and quality (nitrate content). Each experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replications. Increasing rates of N reflected positively on leaf N content and thus, higher and desirable values of height, leaf number, leaf area and plant dry mass were obtained in both growing seasons. Consequently, the yield had significant increase, which N was maximized in summer (4.9 kg m−2) and autumn (2.6 kg m−2) and leaf N of 29.4 and 27.0 g kg−1, respectively, at rates of 250 and 213 kg ha−1 and both growing seasons. The higher rate the higher foliar nitrate content of arugula, in summer (2931.3 mg kg−1) and autumn (4218.4 mg kg−1). The foliar nitrate content in both crop season do not reach the risk level to human being heath.
A Phenomenological Qualitative Study of Sense of Community in an Inner-City Parochial School: Expanding the Seats at the Table.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

St. Angela’s School is an elementary school in the Austin area of Chicago. This phenomenological qualitative study examined Sense of Community (SOC) at St. Angela’s, operationalized as “The feeling that St. Angela School is welcoming, psychologically and physically safe, that I matter, I am respected, and that I belong.” As an inner-city, parochial school, St. Angela’s has seen extensive changes in the neighborhood and the student population, both in ethnicity and enrollment. The last two principals requested a study of its SOC to identify solutions as diminished enrollment and teacher turnover have threatened its continued existence. Thirty-three individuals were interviewed who were interested in the school's success and represented a wide breadth of experience and attachments to the school: administration, parents, teachers, students, support staff, volunteers, alumni, neighbors, and civic authorities. The results were illuminating with an exciting array of solutions offered by those “invited to the table.”
Diagnostic Value of the Hypomethylation of the <i>WISP1</i> Promoter in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Hepatitis B Virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration and survival. Abnormal WISP1 expression is associated with the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic alterations in HCC. However, the methylation status of the WISP1 promoter is still unclear. We therefore aimed to determine the methylation status of the WISP1 promoter and evaluate its clinical value in HCC. The study enrolled 251 participants, including 123 participants with HCC, 90 participants with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). WISP1 methylation status, mRNA levels and plasma soluble WISP1 were detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. We found that the methylation frequency of WISP1 in patients with HCC was significantly lower than that in patients with CHB and HCs, while the relative expression levels of WISP1 mRNA were markedly higher in patients with HCC than in patients with CHB and HCs. Furthermore, the plasma soluble WISP1 in patients with HCC was obviously lower than in that in patients with CHB and HCs. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely recognized biomarker to diagnose HCC which lacks enough sensitivity and specificity. WISP1 promoter methylation status combined with AFP significantly improved the diagnostic ability in discriminating HCC from CHB compared with AFP or WISP1 methylation status alone. In conclusion, hypomethylation of the WISP1 gene promoter may serve as a noninvasive biomarker for detecting HBV-associated HCC.
Trust in Education Professionals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study extends the research on issues of trust in family—professional relationships by more fully examining, within a qualitative research design, the nature of trust between parents of children with disabilities and school personnel. The authors examined the trust-related perspectives of 16 mothers of children with various disabilities at all levels of the P—12 educational system. Analysis of the mothers' responses to face-to-face interview questions yielded three primary categories that seem to influence trust: family characteristics, teacher characteristics, and school characteristics. Discussion focuses on the mothers' difficulty in defining their levels of trust and on the roles of authentic caring, child-focused orientation, communication, knowledge about child characteristics, and school climate and teaming factors that appear to facilitate or inhibit trust. Discussion also addresses implications of these findings for school leadership and the establishment of healthy family—professional relationships, especially as they affect the lives of students and families in need of special education support.
Effect of different levels of planting distances, irrigation and fertigation on quality characters of main & ratoon banana crop cv.Grand Naine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of planting distances, irrigation and fertigation levels on quality characters of the main & ratoon banana crops cv. Grand Naine (Musa AAA). Main and ratoon crops grown at the widest planting distance 1.75 x 1.75 m showed significantly better fruit quality characters. Application of irrigation at a rate of 764.30 mm per year during main crop substantially improved fruit quality characters. In the ratoon crop, irrigation at a rate of 1187.10 mm per year was observed to be most economical and effective in getting the best fruit quality.In the both main and ratoon crops, 80 per cent of the recommended fertigation dose (160 N:32 P :192 K g per plant per year) performed well in respect of fruit quality characters. Hence, fertigation with 80 per cent of the recommended dose was found to be optimum and economical. Main and ratoon crops grown under different treatment combinations (using drip and fertigation system) were superior to the crop grown under the control treatment (using surface irrigation and conventional application of solid fertilizers) as regards to most fruit quality parameters. The treatment combination D1 x I1 x F3 in the main crop improved most of the fruit quality characters. The treatment combination D1 x I2 x F3 maintained medium level of ratoon crop fruit quality characters.
Globalisation and Agricultural Trade

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

For most of the past 10,000 years, long‐distance agricultural trade has focused on crop seeds or cuttings, breeding animals, and farm production technologies, before the dramatic falls in trade costs over the past two centuries allowed the gradual addition of farm outputs in raw or processed form to long‐distance trade. That process was helped or hindered in various periods and places by governments' trade‐related policies. This paper traces the impact of those developments on terms of trade during the first globalisation wave to 1913 and then looks briefly at the inter‐war period, before concentrating on the period since the 1950s.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN A LARGE POPULATION OF HOMES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract-- One of the least understood qualities of radon and its associated risk is the relationship between its concentration at the source and the statistical distribution of concentrations found in indoor environments. In this presentation I will clarify several of the important factors and provide a simple statistical model for discussing and communicating distribution qualities of our primary source of ionizing radiation. A few of these are as follows: (1) Radium, like most other minerals in the earth’s crust, has an overall log-normal distribution in concentration; (2) The factors which affect the concentration of indoor radon do so in a multiplicative fashion; (3) The measured data sets of indoor radon concentrations follow a log-normal distribution which is characterized by a skewed distribution with a long tail to hazardous levels; (4) A fundamental comparison property for such a distribution is the geometric ratio of levels and not the arithmetic difference; and (5) The response of the soil gases to the building stock and ventilation parameters thereof provide an additional factor of approximately 2. These facts provide critical information for developing health strategies for states, communities and individual homeowners.
[Various features of the formation and secretion of bile acids in spontaneous atherosclerosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Main pathways of cholesterol catabolism were found to be dissimilar in patients with spontaneous coronary atherosclerosis accompanied by hyperlipoproteinemia as compared with healthy persons of the same age. In the patients, independently of the hyperlipoproteinemia type, a longer pathway prevailed which terminated at the step of cholic acid formation, while in healthy persons the shorter pathway was found to be discontinuous after chenodeoxycholic acid production. The specific property of cholesterol catabolism in healthy persons appears to be due to a decrease in activity of V12 alpha-hydroxylase thus protecting against development of spontaneous atherosclerosis.