jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognostic accuracy of visual lung damage computed tomography score for mortality prediction in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Chest computed tomography (CT) findings provide great added value in characterizing the extent of disease and severity of pulmonary involvements. Chest CT severity score (CT-SS) could be considered as an appropriate prognostic factor for mortality prediction in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis evaluating the prognostic accuracy of CT-SS for mortality prediction in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A systematic search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases between December 2019 and September 2021. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model, and sensitivity and specificity (with 95%CIs) of CT-SS were calculated using the study authors’ pre-specified threshold. Results Sensitivity estimates ranged from 0.32 to 1.00, and the pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.67 [95%CI (0.59–0.75)]. Specificity estimates ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and the pooled estimate of specificity was 0.79 [95%CI (0.74–0.84)]. Results of meta-regression analysis showed that radiologist experiences did not affect the sensitivity and specificity of CT-SS to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients ( P = 0.314 and 0.283, respectively). The test for subgroup differences suggests that study location significantly modifies sensitivity and specificity of CT-SS to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.8248. Conclusion Our results have shown that CT-SS has acceptable prognostic accuracy for mortality prediction in COVID-19 patients. This simple scoring method could help to improve the management of high-risk patients with COVID-19.
Middle school grading practices and the ability to predict achievement on the Arkansas Benchmark Test

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the No Child Left Behind Act was legislated, it became necessary for states to target specific learning goals and then test those objectives. As part of this process, districts began to develop new curricula and evaluate grading practices. For this study, student samples were drawn from sixth, seventh, and eighth grade populations of a Northwest Arkansas Middle School. Samples were disaggregated by grade level for the 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008 school years. A quasi-experimental design was implemented to test the strength of the independent variable, averaged semester grades, on the dependent variable, Arkansas Benchmark Test scores. A Pearson r correlation was the primary measurement tool and the coefficient was calculated for each grade level for each of the three years. The results showed no statistically significant link between the averaged semester grades of the Northwest Arkansas Middle School and the Arkansas Benchmark scores.
The Effects of Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis on Adipocyte Differentiation and Mature Adipocyte Inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity is a medical condition in which abnormal or excessive fat accumulates to an extent that is associated with various diseases. In our ongoing research to figure out natural products with anti-obesity effects, a phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis was carried out, which resulted in the isolation of two major triterpenoid saponins: gypsogenin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (1) and quillaic acid 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2). Then, the effects of the isolated triterpenoid saponins (1 and 2) on adipocyte differentiation were evaluated, and it was demonstrated that the isolated saponin (1) showed inhibitory effects on adipogenesis. In mature adipocytes, the isolated saponin (1) reversed tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Additionally, the isolated saponin (1) reduced lipolytic gene expression leading to decreased basal lipolysis activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that saponin (1) of M. cochinchinensis exerts beneficial effects in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation and could be a potential therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.
Oncogenic spiral by infectious pathogens: Cooperation of multiple factors in cancer development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic infection is one of the major causes of cancer, and there are several mechanisms for infection‐mediated oncogenesis. Some pathogens encode gene products that behave like oncogenic factors, hijacking cellular pathways to promote the survival and proliferation of infected cells in vivo. Some of these viral oncoproteins trigger a cellular damage defense response leading to senescence; however, other viral factors hinder this suppressive effect, suggesting that cooperation of those viral factors is important for malignant transformation. Coinfection with multiple agents is known to accelerate cancer development in certain cases. For example, parasitic or bacterial infection is a risk factor for adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma induced by human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1, and Epstein‐Barr virus and malaria are closely associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is accompanied by various types of infection‐related cancer. These findings indicate that these oncogenic pathogens can cooperate to overcome host barriers against cancer development. In this review, the authors focus on the collaborative strategies of pathogens for oncogenesis from two different points of view: (i) the cooperation of two or more different factors encoded by a single pathogen; and (ii) the acceleration of oncogenesis by coinfection with multiple agents.
Movement of Abscisic Acid into the Apoplast in Response to Water Stress in Xanthium strumarium L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of water stress on the redistribution of abcisic acid (ABA) in mature leaves of Xanthium strumarium L. was investigated using a pressure dehydration technique. In both turgid and stressed leaves, the ABA in the xylem exudate, the `apoplastic' ABA, increased before `bulk leaf' stress-induced ABA accumulation began. In the initially turgid leaves, the ABA level remained constant in both the apoplast and the leaf as a whole until wilting symptoms appeared. Following turgor loss, sufficient quantities of ABA moved into the apoplast to stimulate stomatal closure. Thus, the initial increase of apoplastic ABA may be relevant to the rapid stomatal closure seen in stressed leaves before their bulk leaf ABA levels rise. Following recovery from water stress, elevated levels of ABA remained in the apoplast after the bulk leaf contents had returned to their prestress values. This apoplastic ABA may retard stomatal reopening during the initial recovery period.
Using Machine Deep Learning AI to Improve Forecasting of Tax Payments for Corporations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to demonstrate how machine deep learning techniques lead to relatively accurate forecasts of quarterly corporate income tax payments. Using quarterly data from Compustat for all U.S. publicly traded corporations from 2000 to 2024, I show that neural nets, the tree method, and random forest models provide robust forecasts despite their encompassing COVID-19 pandemic time periods. The results should be of interest to corporate tax planners, stock analysts, and governments.
COVID-19 Patients at the First University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The outbreak COVID-19 which had begun from China at the end of 2019 is a major public health issue. Public health and infection control measures are urgently required to limit the spread of this global viral infection. 160 COVID-19patients were admitted to the First University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU) during March-June 2020. We provided the retrospectivestudy of these cases according to gender and age of patients, lethal outcome rate, hospitalization days and frequency of different comorbid diseases. Also, observations were carried out on patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-AT1 receptor blockers due to heart failure or arterial hypertension. Among COVID-19 patients, frequency of lethal outcome was not significantly different between female and male genders (44.4% vs. 55.6%). Prevalence of this disease was the most common in patients with 30-59 years of ages (45.3%). Average hospitalization days were 21. Mortality rate was 5.6%, mostly in age above 60 (88.8%). Among lethal outcome patients, 88.8% had comorbid diseases. Heart failure, acute kidney injury, sepsis, essential arterial hypertension III, mitral valve defect, nontoxic diffuse goiter and etc; were the most common underlying conditions. Recovering of COVID- patients 19with arterial hypertension(55%) who were not treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-AT1 receptor blockers required fewer hospitalization days to recover (approximately 2-3 days or 62 hours less) in comparing to patients which were treated using the above mentioned medications.
Object space line extraction Laplacian lines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by the recently developed theory on Laplacian-of-Gaussian edge, He Ying (2008) and his colleagues developed a theory which extracts the Laplacian lines of 3D objects. Most of the previous 3D line extraction methods are either view independent or computational expensive, which are not very suitable for real time rendering. Compared to these algorithms, the complex computation work in Laplacian line extraction algorithm is done before run time rendering. This project applies He’s theory on Laplacian lines and implements it using demo examples. Additionally, this paper proves the efficiency of Laplacian line extraction algorithm by measuring its real time rendering time.
National Styles in Technology Policy: Comparing the Swedish and Danish State Programmes in Micro- electronics/Information Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter compares the ways in which the state has responded to the "microelectronics revolution" in Sweden and Denmark. In both countries, the responses can be termed neo-corporatist, in that they were based on alliances and agreements between the state and the interest organizations of the private sector. In both countries, the so-called national programmes in microelectronics/ information technology have been conceptualized not simply as government plans, but as joint undertakings by state institutions and private firms to contribute to the formation of a new kind of technological capacity.
The new communicative ethos of the political debate talk show in Danish multi-platform public service television

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article presents an analysis of the attempt to revitalize the genreviewer relationship in the political debate talk show in multi-platform public service television in Denmark. Based on the generic development since the 1990s, and main findings from a comprehensive case study of the interaction between the live broadcast and the Facebook profile of the show The Debate, the article argues that the communicative ethos has changed profoundly. Populism is no longer adequate to understand the entertaining qualities produced. Finally, the article discusses the emerging conceptualization of the audience at work in the production culture and the creative challenges it entails.
Behavior of Bolted and Plated Steel Dampers Used on Steel Cross Members Applied in RCF

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Steel cross members (SCMs) have been placed between the frame gaps of buildings with insufficient earthquake behavior, and many methods have been developed to strengthen these structures. The application of V‐shaped SCMs into the frame is one of these methods. The biggest problem encountered in the strength of SCMs is buckling in SCMs under the effect of axial load. This buckling in steel elements significantly reduces the contribution of the strengthening application to the reinforced concrete frame (RCF) system. In this experimental study, in strengthening made with SCMs, we aimed to prevent buckling of SCMs under the pressure load. For this purpose, four RCFs with a scale of one‐fourth scale, single span, and single storey, which can reflect the features of existing buildings with insufficient earthquake behavior, have been produced. One RCF is the specimen that we did not strengthen as a reference specimen. Other reference specimen is a specimen with a built‐in support, which is strengthened with SCMs, but no metallic damper is used at the end. The other two specimens were applied at the end of the SCMs with an M5 bolt damper and a steel C plate damper. These specimens were tested under a quasistatic cyclic lateral load while a constant axial load was applied. Because of this study, the metallic dampers formed at the ends of the SCMs made a positive contribution to preventing buckling. It has also been shown that metallic dampers and SCMs increase the initial stiffness values and energy consumption capacities of the specimens.
A showcase of impact: The social innovation story of Kennisland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social innovation is a term used describe the process of designing and developing creative solutions to address the pressing unmet social needs. Kennisland is among a few organizations who does social innovation in its scope of work. Kennisland needs to showcase the results of their social innovation to tell the public about the benefits of social innovation and the value of Kennisland, but the results are abstract and invisible because the problems are big and complex. However, Kennisland results are not that invisible. The results are already there, materialized in the personal stories of Kennisland's partners, funders, or users. Thus a tool is created to capture these personal stories. Kennisland and its partners/ funders/ users can use the tool to co-write, co-visualize, co-review, and publish the stories together. The story is written with a storytelling approach, using elements such as: setting/ context, characters (who are involved), problems (what problem is it trying to address), the beginning (how the project starts), the turning point (what kind of innovation is done), and the end (what have been changed, or what have been learned by both parties). Besides showing the benefits and values of social innovation and of Kennisland, these stories also serve as the evaluation and reflection tool for the parties involved to evaluate and reflect on the innovation process.
What You Heard Is What You Wrote: Dynamic Readings of ʿilm and adab Narratives in the Islamicate World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores how the concepts of ʿilm and adab (knowledge and exemplary behavior) merged in formative Arabic literature and reached Al-Andalus. Originating in a proto-Sunni cultural milieu, different works were recycled across the Islamic world, giving rise to new literary adaptations and patterns of meaning. With the use of computational analysis, the data has revealed juxtaposed reuse practices. This contribution has found that early Andalusi works initially mirrored Eastern sources, gradually transitioning into a more specialized form of knowledge and performance, based on the legitimization of the authority of scholars during the challenging Taifa period.
What Is Engineering and Who Are Engineers? Student Reflections from a Sustainability-Focused Energy Course

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the spring of 2021, the University of San Diego’s Department of Integrated Engineering taught the course, “Integrated Approach to Energy”, the second offering of a new required course, to nine second-year engineering students. The sociotechnical course covered modern energy concepts, with an emphasis on renewable energies and sustainability, and it exposed the students to other ways of being, knowing, and doing that deviated from the dominant masculine Western White colonial discourse. Following the course completion, we interviewed five students by using a semistructured protocol to explore how they perceived of and communicated about engineers and engineering. We sought to identify the takeaways from their course exposure to sustainability and the sociotechnical paradigm, which were central to the course. The findings suggest that the students were beginning to form sociotechnical descriptions, and that they were still developing their understanding and perceptions of engineers and engineering. Moreover, we observed that they were still wrestling with how best to integrate sustainability into those perceptions. There was an a-la-carte feel to the students’ conceptualizations of sustainability as it related to engineering, as in, “you can ‘do’ sustainability with engineering, but do not have to”. We argue that engineering students likely need these pedagogical paradigms (sociotechnical engineering and sustainability) woven through the entirety of their engineering courses if they are to fully accept and integrate them into their own constructs about engineers and engineering.
Over-expression of β-catenin up-regulates Cyr61 expression.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>HepG2 cells were infected with Adβ-catenin or AdGFP at 24 hrs after plating. Cells were harvested at 48, 72, and 96 hours after continuous incubation. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of β-catenin and Cyr61. PCR products for β-catenin and GAPDH (<b>A</b>) or Cyr61 and GAPDH (<b>B</b>) from AdGFP and Adβ-catenin infected cells at the indicated time points were resolved on agarose gel. Relative quantity of β-catenin or Cyr61 mRNA was calculated based on relative intensity (β-catenin OD/GAPDH OD or Cyr61 OD/GAPDH OD). *, <i>P<0.05</i>, **, <i>P<0.01</i>.</p>
Identification of a Kulshan caldera correlative tephra in the Palouse loess of Washington State, northwest USA

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Kulshan caldera formed at ∼1.15 Ma on the present-day site of Mt. Baker, Washington State, northwest USA and erupted a compositionally zoned (dacite-rhyolite) magma and a correlative eruptive, the Lake Tapps tephra. This tephra has previously been described, but only from the Puget Lowland of NW Washington. Here an occurrence of a Kulshan caldera correlative tephra is described from the Quaternary Palouse loess at the Washtucna site (WA-3). Site WA-3 is located in east-central Washington, ∼340 km southeast of the Kulshan caldera and ∼300 km east-southeast of the Lake Tapps occurrence in the Puget Lowland. Major- and trace element chemistry and location of the deposit at Washtucna within reversed polarity sediments indicates that it is not correlative with the Mesa Falls, Rockland, Bishop Ash, Lava Creek B or Huckleberry Ridge tephras. Instead the Washtucna deposit is related to the Lake Tapps tephra by fractional crystallisation, but is chemically distinct, a consequence of its eruption from a compositionally zoned magma chamber. The correlation of the Washtucna occurrence to the Kulshan caldera-forming eruption indicates that it had an eruptive volume exceeding 100 km 3 , and that its tephra could provide a valuable early-Pleistocene chronostratigraphic marker in the Pacific Northwest.
Temporally Segmented Speech

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Alternated and interrupted speech both show a minimum of intelligibility when the bursts of speech reaching the listener last about 150 msec. A similar effect occurs with “temporally segmented” speech, which is made by splicing silent intervals into a recording of continuous speech, thus dividing it up into “speech intervals” separated from each other by “silent intervals.” The advantage of this material is that the durations of speech and silent intervals can be independently varied, without discarding any of the speech. An earlier experiment [see MIT Res. Lab. Electron., Quart. Progr. Rep., No. 103 (1971), p. 126.] suggested that the dip in intelligibility is actually due to two separate effects: (1) the probability that a speech interval will be recognized decreases as its duration decreases and (2) the probability that signal parameters can be followed from one speech interval to the next decreases as the duration of the intervening silent interval increases. Experimental support for this view has been obtained using temporally segmented speech (1) by varying the duration of speech intervals with silent intervals held constant and (2) by varying the duration of silient intervals, with speech intervals held constant. [This research was supported by NIH Grant No. NSO4332.]
Computational Study of Bond Dissociation Enthalpies for a Large Range of Native and Modified Lignins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lignin is a major component of plant cell walls that is typically underutilized in selective conversion strategies for renewable fuels and chemicals. The mechanisms by which thermal and catalytic treatments deconstruct lignin remain elusive, which is where quantum mechanical calculations can offer fundamental insights. Here, we compute homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) for four prevalent linkages in 69 lignin model compounds, including β-O-4, α-O-4, β-5, and biphenyl bonds, with a large range of natural and oxidized substituents. These calculations include ab initio benchmark values extrapolated to the complete basis set limit and full conformational searches for each compound. The results quantify both the relative BDEs among common lignin bonds and the effect of native and oxidized substituents on the functional groups in lignin. These data yield insights into thermal lignin deconstruction for a large range of prevalent linkages and aid in the identification of targets for catalytic cleavage.
The DNA conformational energy landscape: sequence-dependent conformational equilibria of duplex DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The free energy surfaces of duplex dinucleotide steps were mapped in a principal conformational subspace derived from crystal structure data on DNA duplex oligomers. The three dimensional subspace, spanned by collective degrees of freedom representing linear combinations of the Cartesian coordinates of the backbone and sugar atoms of both strands accounted for 77% of the total variance of the observed structural distribution. The features of the subspace free energy surface correspond well to the distribution of observed structures exhibiting a clear separation of A- and B-family classes. The sequence dependence of the relative A / B-form conformational equilibria was derived from the corresponding subspace free energy surfaces at physiological conditions. A B-philicity scale representing the mole fraction of the BI-form vs the A-family for the 10 unique dinucleotide steps revealed three classes of sequences: highly B-philic (GC/GC & CG/CG), B-philic (AC/GT, AA/TT, AT/AT, CA/TG, AG/CT & GG/CC) and A-philic (GA/TC & TA/TA). The high propensity of the TA/TA step to adopt the A-form conformation is in accord with single crystal X-ray diffraction data and has biological significance in view of the frequent presence of the TATA sequence motif in transcriptional promoter regions.
Stereochemical evidence for a phosphorylpyridinium intermediate in the iodine-mediated desulphurisation of a phosphorothioate diester

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Desulphurisation of (Sp)-5′-O-(2′-deoxyadenosyl)-3′-O-thymidyl phosphorothioate to 5′-O-(2′-deoxyadenosyl)-3′-O-thymidyl [18O]phosphate proceeds with epimerisation at phosphorus using iodine in aqueous pyridine but with predominant inversion of configuration in aqueous 2,6-lutidine.