jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A discourse analysis on the deixis used in “Cover Story Section” published by “Global Finance”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ENGLISH: \n \nOne of the elements of discourse studies is deixis. Deixis makes discourse easier and more effective, giving us a means to pass more information in less time.“Deixis” is derived from the Greek word meaning “to show” or “to indicate”. It is used to denote those element in language which for directly to the situation. \n \nThere are some reasons the researcher chooses this topic because the Global Finance is a magazine which used English in Indonesia, so it can be easily and effectively becoming the object of research, especially to analyze the use of deixis. \n \nThe problems of this study are what kinds of deixis are used in the Cover Story Section of The Global Finance. And how the meaning of deixis is expressed in the Cover Story Section of The Global Finance? The researcher limits this research in analyzing the deixis type used by the writer/journalist in the Cover Story Section of The Global Finance. \n \nIn analyzing Global Finance as the object, the research uses qualitative method because it analyzes and interprets Global Finance as the object. The step to obtain the data is by describing the sources of data from the source of data, conducting and analyzing the collected data and make conclusion. \n \nThe deixis used in Global Finance magazines are included into three types of deixis, namely: person deixis, place deixis, and time deixis. The third person deixis is used mostly, especially in the singular forms. The first and second person deixis are not found in cover story section. In addition the place deixis is used to describe a certain location of a participant in the speech event. The time deixis is used to show temporal time or dertain timewhen the event is used in the utterance. Furthermore, discourse and social deixis can not be found in cover story section. \n \nFinally, the researcher expects this study could give contribution for the other researchers who are eager to know more about deixis. Moreover deixis as an important branch of linguistics is interesting to be studied especially in applied linguistics.
Impact of subjective performance appraisal and bonus allocation on attitudes of lower level managers.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present research attempts to provide a deeper understanding of these two areas by analysing the relationship existing between the performance appraisal process variables and employee affective reactions of trust and confidence, goal commitment as well as voluntary turnover intention. These reactions were investigated in a 2 X 3 factorial designed experiment, in which 105 subjects completed a questionnaire assessing the above dependent variables.
Inhibition of PFKFB3 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy‐induced bone loss

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage under the regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL). In previous studies, stimulation by RANKL during osteoclastogenesis was shown to induce a metabolic switch to enhanced glycolytic metabolism. Thus, we hypothesized that blockage of glycolysis might serve as a novel strategy to treat osteoclast‐related diseases. In the present study, 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), an essential regulator of glycolysis, was up‐regulated during osteoclast differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PFKFB3 in bone marrow‐derived macrophages suppressed the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of the PFKFB3 inhibitor PFK15 prevented ovariectomy‐induced bone loss. In addition, glycolytic activity characterized by lactate accumulation and glucose consumption in growth medium was reduced by PFKFB3 inhibition. Further investigation indicated that the administration of L‐lactate partially reversed the repression of osteoclastogenesis caused by PFKFB3 inhibition and abrogated the inhibitory effect of PFK15 on the activation of NF‐κB and MAPK pathways. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that blockage of glycolysis by targeting PFKFB3 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for osteoclast‐related disorders.
References

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mammalian kidney is a vital organ with considerable cellular complexity and functional diversity. Kidney development is notable for requiring distinct but coincident tubulogenic processes involving reciprocal inductive signals betweenmesenchymal and epithelial progen-itor compartments. Keymolecular pathwaysmediating these interactions have been identified. Further, advances in the analysis of gene expression and gene activity, coupledwith a detailed knowledge of cell origins, are enhancing our understanding of kidneymorphogenesis and un-raveling the normal processes of postnatal repair and identifying disease-causingmechanisms. This article focuses on recent insights into central regulatory processes governing organ assem-bly and renal disease, and predicts future directions for the field. Outline 1 An overview of cell players and cellular processes in metanephric kidney development 2 Regulating ureteric bud outgrowth and branching 3 The fate of the multipotent metanephric mesenchyme 4 Nephron induction via a mesenchyme-to-epithelial transition 5 Patterning, segmentation, and specialization of the epithelial networks 6 Postnatal events in functional renal maturation 7 Reassessing renal disease, repair, and regeneration using developmental biology
Secure strategic mail application with hardware device

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the growth of technology most of the sensitive data transactions are happening over the internet, which has to be protected against unauthorized access. The design and development of a Secure Hardware Token (SHT), is explained in this paper, which will protect the sensitive data from most of the threats, As it generates the highly secure onetime passwords (Time based OTP) [2] ensuring that only legitimate users are authorized to access sensitive data/applications and the SHT will perform cryptographic functionalities [7] like Key Generation (RSA), Digital Signature creation, Signature verification, Encryption, Decryption & Hashing techniques. Since all the functionalities are happening in Hardware token there is no risk of Operating System dependent vulnerabilities. SHT will also act as secure USB Storage device, which stores Private Key of the respective user securely. In this paper, a Secure Mail application is shown, which makes use of SHT to perform authentication of the user(for login with OTP) to do all the cryptographic operations for Secure mail application system. Such types of applications are needed where highly confidential data flows across the public network.
Orbits and tsectors in irregular exceptional directions of full-null degenerate singular point

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Near full-null degenerate singular points of analytic vector fields, asymptotic behaviors of orbits are not given by eigenvectors but totally decided by nonlinearities. Especially, in the case of high full-null degeneracy, i.e., the lowest degree of nonlinearities is high, such a singular point may have irregular exceptional directions and the blow-up technique can be hardly applied, which leaves a problem how to determine numbers of orbits and (elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic) tangential sectors in this case. In this paper we work on this problem. Using Newton polygons to decompose nonlinearities into principal parts and remainder parts, we convert the problem to the numbers of nonzero real roots of edge-polynomials of principal parts. Computing Newton polygons for multiplication and differentiation of analytic functions and giving Newton polygons for addition, which was not found in literatures, we determine semi-definiteness of the Lie-bracket of principal parts and therefore obtain criteria for those numbers.
IOT based Smart Parking and Traffic Management System for Modern Cities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent times the concept of smart cities has become very popular. Thanks to the Internet of things the idea of smart city now seems to be completed. Consistent efforts are being made in the field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure. Problems such as, traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road safety are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, we present an IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability of each single parking space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly.
Ultrasound classification of medial gastrocnemious injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High‐resolution ultrasound (US) has helped to characterize the “tennis leg injury” (TL). However, no specific classifications with prognostic value exist. This study proposes a medial head of the gastrocnemius injury classification based on sonographic findings and relates this to the time to return to work (RTW) and return to sports (RTS) to evaluate the prognostic value of the classification. 115 subjects (64 athletes and 51 workers) were retrospectively reviewed to asses specific injury location according to medial head of the gastrocnemius anatomy (myoaponeurotic junction; gastrocnemius aponeurosis (GA), free gastrocnemius aponeurosis (FGA)), presence of intermuscular hematoma, and presence of gastrocnemius‐soleus asynchronous movement. Return to play (RTP; athletes) and return to work (RTW; occupational) days were recorded by the treating physician. This study proposes 5 injury types with a significant relation to RTP and RTW ( P < .001): Type 1 (myoaponeurotic injury), type 2A (gastrocnemius aponeurosis injury with a <50% affected GA width), type 2B (gastrocnemius aponeurosis with >50% affected GA width), type 3 (free gastrocnemius aponeurosis (FGA) tendinous injury), and type 4 (mixed GA and FGA injury). The longest RTP/RTW periods were associated with injuries with FGA involvement. Intermuscular hematoma and Gastrocnemius‐soleus asynchronous motion during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion were observed when the injury affected >50% of the GA width, with or without associated FGA involvement, and this correlated with a worse prognosis. The proposed classification can be readily applied in the clinical setting although further studies on treatment options are required.
On the issue of the necessary establishment of special conditions for interrogating a person with mental disabilities as a witness in criminal proceedings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents the study of debatable issues of legal regulation of conditions for interrogating a person with mental disabi -lities as a witness in criminal proceedings, as well as the substantiation of the basic principles for the relevant draft norm.This problem is caused by the fact that national criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine does not contain a specific mechanismthat would be the basis for assessing the results of interrogating a person with mental disabilities as a witness.In particular, the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine enumerates persons who cannot be interrogated as witnesses. The relevantgrounds allow an investigator, prosecutor, investigating judge, or court to decide not to interrogate a person who is aware or may beaware of the circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings. At the same time, the forensic expert findings on this person’s abilityto perceive the facts cannot be taken into account in order to assess the reliability of the testimony of a witness with mental disabilities,and such an expert examination in criminal proceedings cannot be prescribed.As a result, preconditions are formed for investigative and judicial errors, violation of rights and freedoms of citizens and legi -timate interests of individuals and legal entities, which is obviously unacceptable for the modern legal, social, and democratic stateUkraine seeks to become.The controversial issues on special conditions of interrogating a person with mental disabilities as a witness in criminal proceedingshave been studied in the context of scholarly analysis of the provisions of modern national criminal procedural legislation, historicalexperience, and relevant norms of foreign criminal procedure.As a result of the research, a proposal to amend the criminal procedural legislation in force is developed and substantiated. Inparticular, it is proposed to supplement the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine with a norm on mandatory prescription of anexpert examination to establish the mental condition of a witness in case of doubt about the ability of this person to correctly perceivethe circumstances, relevant to criminal proceedings, and testify about them.
The role of metabolism in diclofenac-induced intestinal toxicity in rat and human in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The use of Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is associated with severe gastro-intestinal side-effects. The mechanisms of drug-induced intestinal toxicity are largely unknown due to the lack of in vitro models. In vivo rat studies suggested that reactive metabolites of DCF especially diclofenac acyl-glucuronide (DAG) produced by liver played an important role in intestinal toxicity. Whether DCF is directly toxic to the intestine is not known. In this study, human as well as rat precision-cut intestinal slices (PCIS) are used as an in vitro model to investigate the mechanism of DCF-induced intestinal toxicity. PCIS from rats and 4 human individuals were incubated with different concentrations of DCF, metabolite formation as well as toxicity were tested. ATP content and morphology were used as markers for toxicity. Dose-dependent toxicity of DCF was shown for both species: 200 μM DCF caused a significant decrease in ATP and morphological damage in rats. Human intestinal slices were more resistant to DCF and significant damage was induced at concentrations ≥400 μM. Minor amounts of hydroxylated DCF as well as DAG were detected in rat and human PCIS; but with a large variation among human individuals. Drug-protein adducts were detected by immunohistochemistry staining using anti-DCF antibody. To investigate the role of DAG in the mechanism of toxicity, the PCIS were incubated with DCF in the presence of a non-toxic concentration of the glucuronidation inhibitor borneol (0.5mM). Borneol effectively decreased the formation of DAG but did not further reduce the toxicity compared with DCF alone. In conclusion, using PCIS as an in vitro model we show that DCF is directly toxic to the human and rat intestine. Human intestine appears less sensitive to DCF-induced toxicity. Similar metabolic profiles are found in rat and human intestinal slices, meanwhile drug-protein adducts are detected. However the role of the reactive metabolite DAG in DCF-induced intestinal toxicity could not be confirmed.
Protective effect of Mercurascan after coronary artery ligation in the dog.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The protective effect of hydroxymercurifluorescein (Mercurascan, MSC) on the ischemic myocardium was evaluated in dogs. MSC was given 17 min after ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery in closed-chest animals. The favorable effect of this drug was confirmed (1) by an immediate decrease of ST-segment elevation in electrograms from epicardial electrodes, (2) by a reduced number of Q waves 24 h after the ligation, and (3) by the preservation of CPK activity in the sites with moderate early ST-segment elevations. Microscopic examination also confirmed this. We conclude that MSC given shortly after coronary artery occlusion in dogs protects some cells in the border zone of ischemic focus from the development of necrosis. The membrane stabilizing effect or neutralization of proteolytic enzymes are the suggested explanations for the mechanism of MSC action.
A descriptive report of end-of-life care practices occurring in two neonatal intensive care units

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In Canada and other developed countries, the majority of neonatal deaths occur in tertiary neonatal intensive care units. Most deaths occur following the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Aim: To explore neonatal death events and end-of-life care practices in two tertiary neonatal intensive care settings. Design: A structured, retrospective, cohort study. Setting/participants: All infants who died under tertiary neonatal intensive care from January 2009 to December 2013 in a regional Canadian neonatal program. Deaths occurring outside the neonatal intensive care unit in delivery rooms, hospital wards, or family homes were not included. Overall, 227 infant deaths were identified. Results: The most common reasons for admission included prematurity (53.7%), prematurity with congenital anomaly/syndrome (20.3%), term congenital anomaly (11.5%), and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (12.3%). The median age at death was 7 days. Death tended to follow a decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatment with anticipated poor developmental outcome or perceived quality of life, or in the context of a moribund dying infant. Time to death after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment was uncommonly a protracted event but did vary widely. Most dying infants were held by family members in the neonatal intensive care unit or in a parent room off cardiorespiratory monitors. Analgesic and sedative medications were variably given and not associated with a hastening of death. Conclusion: Variability exists in end-of-life care practices such as provision of analgesic and sedative medications. Other practices such as discontinuation of cardiorespiratory monitors and use of parent rooms are more uniform. More research is needed to understand variation in neonatal end-of-life care.
Laser capture microdissection in the genomic and proteomic era: targeting the genetic basis of cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The advent of new technologies has enabled deeper insight into processes at subcellular levels, which will ultimately improve diagnostic procedures and patient outcome. Thanks to cell enrichment methods, it is now possible to study cells in their native environment. This has greatly contributed to a rapid growth in several areas, such as gene expression analysis, proteomics, and metabolonomics. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) as a method of procuring subpopulations of cells under direct visual inspection is playing an important role in these areas. This review provides an overview of existing LCM technology and its downstream applications in genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and therapy.
Chimira: analysis of small RNA sequencing data and microRNA modifications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: Chimira is a web-based system for microRNA (miRNA) analysis from small RNA-Seq data. Sequences are automatically cleaned, trimmed, size selected and mapped directly to miRNA hairpin sequences. This generates count-based miRNA expression data for subsequent statistical analysis. Moreover, it is capable of identifying epi-transcriptomic modifications in the input sequences. Supported modification types include multiple types of 3′-modifications (e.g. uridylation, adenylation), 5′-modifications and also internal modifications or variation (ADAR editing or single nucleotide polymorphisms). Besides cleaning and mapping of input sequences to miRNAs, Chimira provides a simple and intuitive set of tools for the analysis and interpretation of the results (see also Supplementary Material). These allow the visual study of the differential expression between two specific samples or sets of samples, the identification of the most highly expressed miRNAs within sample pairs (or sets of samples) and also the projection of the modification profile for specific miRNAs across all samples. Other tools have already been published in the past for various types of small RNA-Seq analysis, such as UEA workbench, seqBuster, MAGI, OASIS and CAP-miRSeq, CPSS for modifications identification. A comprehensive comparison of Chimira with each of these tools is provided in the Supplementary Material. Chimira outperforms all of these tools in total execution speed and aims to facilitate simple, fast and reliable analysis of small RNA-Seq data allowing also, for the first time, identification of global microRNA modification profiles in a simple intuitive interface. Availability and implementation: Chimira has been developed as a web application and it is accessible here: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/research/enright/software/chimira. Contact: aje@ebi.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Factors Influencing the Green Bond Market Expansion: Evidence from a Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Expansion of green bond markets as an appropriate way to lower environmental pollution is one of the most debatable issues among scholars. However, the expansion of this market is not a simple matter and depends on several factors. The main purpose of this study is to carry out a multi-dimensional analysis using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to find and prioritize factors influencing the development of green bond markets. As a case, we do our analysis for Vietnam that, since the last years, has been trying to expand green bond market as an effective investment channel to finance low-carbon projects. The main findings revealed that legal infrastructure, official interest rate of green bonds, and economic stability are the most important factors directly affecting green bond market expansion. Therefore, economic and legal requirements should be addressed by policy makers. As major policy implications, we recommend an affordable price of green bonds and improvement of economic and financial stability to accelerate the development of green bond markets.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Liquid Bridges between Two Cylinders: Forces, Energies, and Torques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present numerical simulations of three-dimensional liquid bridges between two identical smooth and chemically homogeneous cylinders held at a fixed distance and angle one with respect to the other. Despite the limited range of parameters studied, an analysis of resultant forces, energies, and torques reveals a rich level of detail. For large enough separations between the cylinders, the bridges appear symmetric and stable in shape and are found to yield a negligible torque on the cylinders. The force of adhesion is found to be positive in this case (the cylinders are attracted one to the other). A reduction in the distance between the cylinders reveals different behavior depending on the particular value of the set of parameters considered. For example, it appears that while relatively low contact angle systems favor attractive (positive) forces and stable symmetric bridges for small separation distances, larger contact angles lead to the coexistence of stable asymmetric and (apparently) unstable symmetric solutions, mostly (and respectively) associated with near-zero and negative (repulsive) forces of adhesion. In addition, while the larger values of contact angles studied here (90 degrees, 110 degrees) are associated with barely detectable torques, smaller values of contact angle are found to be associated with torques acting to rotate cylinders into a position where they are parallel one with respect to the other.