Additional file 1 of Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome changes in rats after oral gavage of nanoparticles: sensitive indicators of possible adverse health effects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1. Changes in the composition of intestinal microbes in male Wistar rats after a 25-day gavage with the vehicle: The differences in the microbiota composition of untreated rats at day 0 compared to vehicle treated controls at day 25 were further analyzed at the taxonomic level of phyla and classes. Table S1: Body weight. Table S2: Hematology: Red blood cell and coagulation parameters. Table S3: Hematology: White blood cell parameters. Table S4: Clinical chemistry in blood samples. Table S5: Relative abundance of bacterial phyla (≥ 0.1% in at least one group) in the feces of male Wistar rats. Table S6: Relative abundance of bacterial classes (≥ 0.1% in at least one group) in the feces of male Wistar rats. Table S7: Relative abundance of bacterial phyla (≥ 0.1% in at least one group) in the feces of male Wistar rats. Table S8: Relative abundance of bacterial classes (≥ 0.1%) in the feces of male Wistar rats. Table S9: Relative abundance of bacterial order (≥ 0.1% in at least one group) in the feces of male Wistar rats. Table S10: Relative abundance of bacterial family (≥ 0.1 % in at least one group) in the feces of male Wistar rats. Table S11: Relative abundance of bacterial genera (≥ 1% in at least one group) in the gut microbiota of male Wistar rats. Table S12: Individual sample and median values for the relative abundance of selected most abundant bacterial genera (≥ 1% in at least one group) in the gut microbiota of male Wistar rats. Table S13: Overall comparison of plasma metabolite changes in male Wistar rats after 28 days of treatment with Ag NP or SiO2 NP and changes observed after treatments with different antibiotics. Table S14: Physicochemical characterization of the test substances (adapted from: Hellack et al., 2012; Wohlleben et al., 2013 [8, 9]). Table S15: Altered plasma metabolite pathways in Ag NP or SiO2 NP-treated rats and their functional relationship with the gut microbiota. Fig. S1: Alpha diversity of the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats before (untreated) and after exposure to vehicle, Ag NP (Ag50) or SiO2 NP (SiO2), shown as Shannon-Wiener index (a) or Inverse Simpson index (b). Fig. S2: Beta-diversity of gut microbiota visualized as PCoA plots. Beta-diversity illustrated for samples of untreated male Wistar rats (at day 0) compared to the same animals after 25 days of gavage treatment with vehicle, Ag NP or SiO2 NP (a), or samples from male Wistar rats after 25 days of gavage treatment only to compare treatments with vehicle, Ag NP and SiO2 NP (b). Fig. S3: Relative abundance of bacterial phyla (a) and classes (b) in the gut microbiota (≥ 1%) of male Wistar rats before (untreated) and after a 25-day gavage of PBS + BSA (vehicle). Fig. S4: Scatter plots obtained for selected most abundant genera after exposure to either Ag or SiO2 NP (median relative abundance was ≥ 1% in at least one group). Fig. S5: Rarefaction curves of all animals used for the analyses (samples of untreated rats at day 0; vehicle controls, Ag NP and SiO2NP-treated samples at day 25, respectively).