jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Pencil in Spinal Canal-penetrating Injury–Endoscopic Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Penetrating spinal trauma is a rare event and mostly occurs as a result of assault or accident. There is no specific management protocol about such injuries. We are reporting a case of spinal trauma in a child of 6 years, who encountered a penetrating injury to the lower back when he fell over a sharp pencil. It resulted in a penetrating wound in the lower back with half of the broken pencil fragment lodged deep into the wound. There was a watery discharge from the wound with severe backache and radiating pain in both lower limbs. On clinical examination, motor power of both lower limbs was 5/5 (Medical Research Council [MRC] grade) with intact sensation and severely restricted straight leg raise (SLR). Imaging revealed a large fragment of pencil lodged in the spinal canal at L4 vertebral level. Surgical removal of foreign bodies and dura repair was done with endoscope and without laminectomy. The backache and lower limb pain relieved completely with healing of puncture site. In this case, the endoscopic technique enabled us to direct visualize penetration tract, injured structures, removal of foreign bodies and hematoma with repair of dura and without doing a destabilizing bone cutting and tissue damage.
A Review on Learners’ Language Attitudes in Multilingual Contexts: Insights into Research Methodology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language attitudes in multilingual contexts have been a rapidly growing research area. This paper presents a critical review of research methodology used in 32 empirical studies on learners’ language attitudes in multilingual contexts from 2003 to 2023. Firstly, it starts with a brief introduction to the background and research significance of learners’ language attitudes in a multilingual context. Secondly, this paper gives an overview on language attitudes and the existing literature of language attitudes in multilingual contexts. Thirdly, through the process of paper selection and review, the development and change of quantitative methods or mixed methods with emphasis on the quantitative part are analyzed and identified. Lastly, with a summary of the major findings and future trends of research methods used in this field, the conclusion part discusses limitations of this paper and implications for future research on language attitudes.
Synthesis and characterization of Rb<inf>x</inf>Mn[Fe(CN)<inf>6</inf>] and Mn<inf>3</inf>[Cr(CN)<inf>6</inf>]<inf>2</inf>

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present the synthesis and detailed characterization of Rb x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] and Mn 3 [Cr(CN) 6 ] 2 compounds. The composition of the materials significantly depends on the preparation conditions. Analysis of Raman spectroscopic results and X-ray powder diffraction data yielded a further assessment of the changes in structural features. The characteristic individual magnetic behavior, as well as the metal-to-metal charge-transfer capabilities of the various samples, could be related to significant changes within the structure that appear to be associated with the synthesis method used.
Factors that Influence the Increase in Business Income in the MSMEsCommunity of the Leather Industry Center of Yogyakarta City

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The research aims to evaluate the impact of independent variables (product, price, distribution, and promotion ) on the dependent variable, which is the economic business income of MSMEs at the Yogyakarta City Leather Industry Center. This study surveyed 100 consumers from the MSMEs at this industrial center. The sample was selected using simple random sampling, and statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. The T-test results showed that each independent variable individually exerts a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable, the economic business income of the Yogyakarta MSME community. The calculated t values for the product, price, distribution, and promotion were 2.602, 2.111, 6.101, and 6.648, respectively, all exceeding the t-table value of 1.65, with probabilities of 0.011, 0.037, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively, all below the 0.05 threshold. Additionally, the F-test results indicated that the combined influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable was significant, with an F calculated value of 128.419 surpassing the F-table value of 3.87, and a probability value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the independent variables collectively have a positive and significant impact on the economic business income of the MSME community.
Ultrasonic Study of 2-butanol in Cyclohexane with Toluene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at 303, 308 and 313 K have been measured in the ternary system of 2-butanol in cyclohexane with toluene. The acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, free length, free volume and internal pressure at the said temperatures are calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction between the component of the mixtures. The existence of weak interactions are confirmed by the observed excess values.
Mycobacterium bovis Mb3523c protein regulates host ferroptosis via chaperone-mediated autophagy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The occurrence of necrosis during Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection is regarded as harmful to the host because it promotes the spread of M. bovis. Ferroptosis is a controlled type of cell death that occurs when there is an excessive buildup of both free iron and harmful lipid peroxides. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian cell entry (Mce) 4 family protein Mb3523c triggers ferroptosis to promote M. bovis pathogenicity and dissemination. Mechanistically, Mb3523c, through its Y237 and G241 site, interacts with host HSP90 protein to stabilize the LAMP2A on the lysosome to promote the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. Then, GPX4 is delivered to lysosomes for destruction via the CMA pathway, eventually inducing ferroptosis to promote M. bovis transmission. In summary, our findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced ferroptosis, demonstrating that targeting the GPX4-dependent ferroptosis through blocking the M. bovis Mb3523c-host HSP90 interface represents a potential therapeutic strategy for tuberculosis (TB).Abbreviations: CFU: colony-forming units; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; Fer-1: ferrostatin-1; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; HSP90: heat shock protein 90; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; Mce: mammalian cell entry; MOI: multiplicity of infection; Nec-1: necrostatin-1; PI: propidium iodide; RCD: regulated cell death.
LHD lhdcxs6-sif #115102.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Charge eXchange Spectroscopy (CXS) system, which consists of diagnostic beam, object lens, optical fiber bundle array, spectrometer, CCD detector and controllers, to measure radial profiles of ion temperature, poloidal/toroidal plasma rotation velocities, and impurity density (carbon or helium) using charge exchange collisions between neutral beam and impurities.
A Theoretical Model for Analysis of Software Review Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this chapter is to develop a theoretical model to assist in the analysis of critical inputs to software reviews and to identify process factors that might impact positively on software review performance. The Explicit, Implicit Input-process-Output (EIIO) model provides a sound theory to drive empirical research in software review and a different perspective to the existing literature that helps to facilitate understanding of the input-process-output relationship in software review process. An overall objective of the EIIO model is to identify what the key inputs are and process factor(s) that significantly influence review outcome(s). Five propositions, ten research questions, and 14 hypotheses are formulated to validate the important relationships between software inputs, processes, and performance.
Customizing the mass and geometric stiffness of plane beam elements by Fourier methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Teaches by example the application of finite element templates in constructing high performance elements. The example discusses the improvement of the mass and geometric stiffness matrices of a Bernoulli‐Euler plane beam. This process interweaves classical techniques (Fourier analysis and weighted orthogonal polynomials) with newer tools (finite element templates and computer algebra systems). Templates are parameterized algebraic forms that uniquely characterize an element population by a “genetic signature” defined by the set of free parameters. Specific elements are obtained by assigning numeric values to the parameters. This freedom of choice can be used to design “custom” elements. For this example weighted orthogonal polynomials are used to construct templates for the beam material stiffness, geometric stiffness and mass matrices. Fourier analysis carried out through symbolic computation searches for template signatures of mass and geometric stiffness that deliver matrices with desirable properties when used in conjunction with the well‐known Hermitian beam material stiffness. For mass‐stiffness combinations, three objectives are noted: high accuracy for vibration analysis, wide separation of acoustic and optical branches, and low sensitivity to mesh distortion and boundary conditions. Only the first objective is examined in detail.
Sensitivity enhancement in the spectrophotometric determination of silicate by a flotation-exchange-extraction method using an ion associate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A flotation-exchange-extraction method for sensitivity enhancement in spectrophotometry is proposed. The concept of the proposed method can be applied to various systems in which an ion associate can float on the interface between an aqueous and an organic phase. The method consists of three main steps: the flotation of an ion associate formed between an analyte and a dye ion (D1), the exchange of the analyte ion for another dye ion (D2) and the extraction of the ion associate (D1.D2), where D1 and D2 are counter ions to each other. The proposed concept has been applied to the determination of silicate. The molar absorptivity and the absorbance of the reagent blank were 7.6 × 105 l mol–1 cm–1 and 0.023 at 620 nm, respectively, when D1 and D2 were Malachite Green and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester. The standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) for ten measurements of 4 × 10–7M silicate solution were 0.004A and 1.1%, respectively. The SD and RSD for the reagent blank were 0.003A and 10.3%, respectively. The detection limit for silicate is about 5 × 10–9M or 0.15 p.p.b.
Memory Access Characteristics of Neural Network Workloads and Their Implications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the recent advances in machine learning and many-core computing technologies, neural networks are widely used in various service domains of the 4th industrial revolution. As the data set of neural network is becoming increasingly large, it is important to analyze the memory access characteristics of neural network workloads. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of memory access behaviors in four types of neural network configurations, i.e., CNN (convolutional neural networks), RNN (recurrent neural networks), DNN (deep neural networks), and ANN (artificial neural networks). From this analysis, we observe the following characteristics, which are quite different from traditional desktop and smartphone memory accesses. First, we analyze the access bias of memory locations and find that most memory accesses occur in a certain limited memory locations. Second, the identity of these hot locations is the data and heap regions, which account for over 90% of total memory accesses. Third, the bias of memory access in neural network workloads is relatively weaker than other desktop or smartphone workloads, specially for write operations. Fourth, write operations account for about twice of read operations regardless of neural network types. Fifth, in predicting re-access likelihood, temporal locality provides better information than access frequency in read operations, but combining the two properties is necessary for accurate estimation in write operations. We anticipate that the analysis of this study will be a good guideline for designing an efficient memory system for neural network workloads.
The effects of aluminum and calcium on the growth and nutrition of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi of jack pine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of Al and Ca on the growth, in axenic culture, of three ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was examined. Isolates of Hebeloma crustuliniforme (St. Amans) Quél., Rhizopogon rubescens (Tul.) Tulasne, and Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Singer, Snell & Dick were obtained from basidiocarps collected in jack pine stands of different ages. Basidiocarps and the soil surrounding them were analyzed for Al and Ca, as well as other elements. Each fungal species was grown for 4 weeks in nutrient solutions containing 37, 185, 370, or 740 μM Al combined in a factorial design with 25, 125, 250, or 500 μM Ca and maintained at pH 3.8. Growth of all three fungal species was reduced at 370 μM Al. Significant interaction was found between fungal species and Al treatment for all six elements measured in mycelial tissue. Stepwise increments in external Al concentration resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, and increased mycelial concentrations of Al, P, and Fe in H. crustuliniforme. High external Al levels resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of all elements measured except Al and P in R. rubescens. In contrast, for S. tomentosus the same external Al levels increased the mycelial concentrations of all elements except Ca. The response of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi to Ca also differed. Growth of H. crustuliniforme was stimulated by stepwise increments in external Ca concentrations from 25 to 500 μM. Increments in calcium had no effect on the growth of R. rubescens. High external levels of Ca acted synergistically with high external Al concentrations to reduce growth by S. tomentosus. Unlike the other two species, the response of S. tomentosus to Al and Ca could not have been predicted from the soil and basidiocarp analyses. Alterations in Ca to Al ratios of soils may influence the succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi on conifer root systems. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, jack pine, aluminum, calcium, basidiocarps.
Oxford Guide to CBT for People with Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a brief, focused and flexible approach that has much to offer in helping people cope with cancer. This online guide demonstrates how interventions that CBT therapists use in emotional disorders can be adapted for use in the challenging clinical environment of oncology and palliative care. Using a CBT model to understand reactions to cancer, the authors present cognitive, behavioural, emotional, and interpersonal techniques to help people adjust to the threats cancer presents to their survival and identity. Case examples illustrate how these methods are used to reduce anxiety and depression, enable a fighting spirit, teach effective coping skills, and develop open communication between patients and their partners. This title also covers the clinical and research findings in the fields of psycho-oncology and cognitive behaviour therapy, with guidance on using CBT for common symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue and nausea.
Sales Forecasting Model Based on Ensemble Learning and Its Application in Anomaly Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient sales forecasting is essential for production companies, which is also helpful to regulate the business strategies. However, due to the complex characteristics of sales data and vulnerability to external interference, the existing prediction methods based on a single model cannot achieve satisfactory results. In this paper, in order to improve the prediction accuracy, we propose a forecasting model based on ensemble learning of both homogeneous and heterogeneous machine learning models to cope with different kinds of complexity in sales data. Results based on the Chinese cigarette sales data show that our model is competitive compared to single machine learning model and the classical time series-based predication model. Besides, the proposed forecasting model is applied to anomaly detection of sales data by evaluating the residual between the predicted value and the observed one.
Understanding individual perceptions in workplace safety practices background

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With more emphasis placed on workplace safety in recent decades, there is an increasing interest in research in this area. In particular, the focus of such research has been on uncovering the reasons behind why workers engage in at-risk behaviour at the workplace. This project aims to improve workplace safety by understanding workers’ behaviour via two behavioural models, Behaviour-Based Safety and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Supported by the two theories, research was conducted in three phases to uncover the underlying reasons for workers’ engaging in at-risk behaviour. Surveys and interview, coupled with field observations were conducted to find out the prevailing workplace safety culture at two participating companies, Cameron (Singapore) and Yongnam Engineering. The report will discuss results from Phase I of the study (a survey of workers’ perception of workplace safety) and the conduct of Phase II of the study, namely one-on-one interview sessions with workers and field observations at the two participating companies. The results from Phase II of the study led to suggested intervention measures in Phase III to improve workplace safety. Ultimately, the research project aims to provide a feedback loop that can identify and correct safety gaps present in various industries.
GENDER DIFFERENCES AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: PP.28.107

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Evaluate gender differences and clinical profile of hypertensive patients with established cardiovascular disease(CVD) in 6th Health District of Madrid. Methods: Cross-sectional study of computerised medical records of hypertensive patients with established CVD and undergoing antihypertensive therapy who visited one of the 24 Primary Health Care Centres in Madrid during 2008. The variables were age, sex, smoking habits,obesity, history of dyslipidaemia or diabetes, blood pressure(BP)levels and goals (<140/90 and <130/80 mmHg), laboratory test and therapy. Results: From a database of 92.069 patients, 16.158 were selected (17.5%). 51,5% were males and their age was lower (70.91 / 78.31) (p < 0.05). Females smoked less(2,1 / 7%), were more obese (44,7/38,8%), 26% were diabetics vs 28,5%, 37,5% had dyslipidaemia vs 39.6%. BP control was inferior in females:40 vs 44% if <140/90 and 20% vs 22% if <130/80 mmHg, the LDL-cholesterol was <100 mg/dl in 15% of females vs 21%. (p < 0.05). The most frequent diagnosis and the ratio female/male, first coronary heart disease(CHD)(33.6/49.2%) followed by stroke (32/25.7%).heart failure(HF) (25.2/12.2%), renal disease(RD)(16/21.3%), atrial fibrillation (AF)(17/12.4%), peripheral artery disease (PAD)(8/10%) (p < 0.05). Proportion of drugs consumption was: 43% diuretics, 31% betablockers,calcium antagonist 29%. The 64% were taking a blocker of the renin-angiotensin system (60.4% ACE inhibitors, 22.3% angiotensin receptor antagonist). 46% of females and 51% of males were taking statins (p < 0.05) and 65% anti-platelet therapy with no differences by sex. Conclusions: Gender differences exist in identified CVD and control of risk factors. Females have more HF, stroke and AF and males more CHD, RD and PAD. BP and cholesterol controls are very deficient but even worse in females. There is a higher consumption of beta-blockers and statins by males, although in both is insufficient. These differences should be held in consideration,perhaps more attention is being given to the CVD in males.
Parametric Study on Radiative Transfer in Finite-Length Concentric-Cylindrical Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A parametric study on the radiative heat transfer in a finite-length concentric-cylindrical system with a gray absorbing/emitting medium is conducted. To facilitate a direct comparison with an existing one-dimensional solution for an infinite-length concentric-cylindrical system, all boundary surfaces are assumed to be diffuse and gray with zero emissive power except for the inner radial surface, which has a uniform finite emissive power. The effect of geometric parameters, surface emissivity, and optical thickness are demonstrated. As the aspect ratio (ratio of the length to the annular thickness of the enclosure) increases, the heat transfer results converge to the one-dimensional solution of an infinite-length concentric cylinder. However, the convergence of the heat flux distribution is local, with a separate rate of convergence at the central region and at the top and bottom edge regions of the enclosure. In terms of the total heat transfer to the outer radial surface, the convergence to the one-dimensional solution is asymptotic, and a large aspect ratio is required to reach close agreement with the one-dimensional limit. Solutions with a nonblack inner and outer surface have similar convergence behavior except that it requires, in general, a larger aspect ratio to converge to the one-dimensional solutions.
Combined application of QFD and VA tools in the product design process

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of both value analysis (VA) and quality function deployment (QFD) is to reduce waste by avoiding redesign and providing optimal location of costs in general. To satisfy the consumer's most important needs, the VA prioritizes the increase in the cost of the product and not the subsequent price rise. QFD aims at generating clear engineering needs from consumer requirements thus, minimizing the reprojecting cost (“cost” should read “waste”) and changes in the products. The existing common concepts between two design tools, QFD (the project tool) and VA (the product optimization tool) motivated this study. QFD establishes a link among parameters such as the consumer needs, engineering requirements and a comparative analysis of the consumer perception against that of rival companies. The VA prioritizes a rise in the aggregate value (perceived by the consumer) by optimization development and production costs. The proposed methodology is capable of integrating these two tools, integrating costs with product development (“for the consumer”) for a joint analysis. This way it is possible to establish optimum cost values for each engineering requirement. It is also possible to evaluate the cost of each product function. Furthermore, the methodology provides a tool that supports decision making in product development and projects. This work evaluates the integrated use of the QFD and VA tools. Employing a survey that was carried out which intended to reveal the young male consumers’ requirements concerning a sports bicycle.