jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN CHILDHOOD AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION OF THESE EXCRETIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Being interested in the broad-ranged individual variation of excretory 17-ketosteroids (17-kS) in urine on persons less than 10 years of age whose 17-KS are almost regarded as those derived from the adrenal cortex, I examined these daily excretions in urine of 22 normal and healthy children of aged from 6 years 9 months to 7 years 10 months (aver. 7 years 4 months) and, made a consideration about their individual variation.1) measured 17-KS by the modified Holtorff-Koch's method with dehydro-iso-androsterone as standard.2) The values of daily excretions in urines of these substances ranged from 1.4mg to 6.5mg (mean, 3.7mg: 3.2mg≤M≤4.2mg, α=0.05) in this age.3) The extent of age of 14 months did not display a significant variation in these 22 cases.4) The difference between boys and girls could also not be found.5) I divided these children into two groups by the table of testing diathetic tendency used in our department. One group consists of those individuals whose bodies are more sensitive to various stimuli, and the other consists of those individuals whose bodies are not so sensitive, then I found significant lower values of 17-KS excretions in the former group.According to the Sayers and Sayers' theory in which PERIPHERAL-HUMORAL-MECHANISM of homeostasis between ACTH and adrenocortical hormone plays a greater part in the PITUITARY ADRENAL SYSTEM, it could be said that individuals possessing fewer cortical hormones will deplete greater parts of these hormones and will induce larger proportions of ACTH from the pituitary under various kinds of stressful conditions, if surmised that the same quantities of cortical hormones in the tissue cells are utilized by the same quantities of stimuli. In other words, those individuals will produce the alarm reactions (Selye) more easily and more severely.It may be of interest that individual variation of adrenal cortical hormones in bodies would indicate the degree of individual response to stimuli.
Recovery of Lithium from Complex Silicates

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Lithium ores of major economic importance are spodumene, lepidolite, Trona concentrates, and amblygonite. Spodumene is the most abundant source, occurring in a complex matrix named pegmatite, which is inert to chemical treatment at room temperature. The industrially important processes of recovery of lithium from silicate minerals involve either high temperature ion substitution reactions or volatilization, and yield the sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, or chlorides. These salts are readily interconvertible. Metallic lithium is made by electrolysis of lithium chloride.
How the Laws of Physics Lie

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nancy Cartwright argues for a novel conception of the role of fundamental scientific laws in modern natural science. If we attend closely to the manner in which theoretical laws figure in the practice of science, we see that despite their great explanatory power these laws do not describe reality. Instead, fundamental laws describe highly idealized objects in models. Thus, the correct account of explanation in science is not the traditional covering law view, but the ‘simulacrum’ account. On this view, explanation is a matter of constructing a model that may employ, but need not be consistent with, a theoretical framework, in which phenomenological laws that are true of the empirical case in question can be derived. Anti‐realism about theoretical laws does not, however, commit one to anti‐realism about theoretical entities. Belief in theoretical entities can be grounded in well‐tested localized causal claims about concrete physical processes, sometimes now called ‘entity realism’. Such causal claims provide the basis for partial realism and they are ineliminable from the practice of explanation and intervention in nature.
Online Celebrity Bashing: Wrecking Ball or Good for You? Adolescent Girls’ Attitudes Toward the Media and Public Bashing of Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Journalists and readers of celebrity news regularly bash celebrities online, a behavior that is easily accepted among adolescents. This study investigates whether these attitudes of acceptance differ according to the perpetrator of the bashing (media versus public) and the likeability of the involved celebrity (liked versus disliked). Using a vignette study, we examine adolescent girls' attitudes toward media (journalists') and public (readers') bashing of a generally disliked celebrity (Miley Cyrus) and a generally liked celebrity (Selena Gomez). All participants read an identical negative news story (media bashing) and two related negative reader comments (public bashing). Participants were randomly assigned to read this information about either Miley Cyrus or Selena Gomez. Results of a mixed-design ANOVA showed that the girls had less negative attitudes toward media bashing compared with public bashing. Moreover, they more easily accepted the bashing of a disliked celebrity than the bashing of a liked celebrity.
Executive orders for human rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present article analyzes Executive Order 13672, which extends workplace protections to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) workers who are employed or seeking jobs with federal contractors in the United States. The US Constitution gives presidents power to act in the public interest by issuing directives to federal agencies, and these policies have the potential for addressing discrimination, social justice, and human rights issues. Implications for how executive orders may be further used to advance human rights, particularly nondiscrimination efforts, and to advocate for LGBT workers are explored.
Scaling Up Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification for Inverse Problems Using Deep Neural Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

.Due to the importance of uncertainty quantification (UQ), the Bayesian approach to inverse problems has recently gained popularity in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. However, traditional Bayesian inference methods based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tend to be computationally intensive and inefficient for such high-dimensional problems. To address this issue, several methods based on surrogate models have been proposed to speed up the inference process. More specifically, the calibration-emulation-sampling (CES) scheme has been proven to be successful in large dimensional UQ problems. In this work, we propose a novel CES approach for Bayesian inference based on deep neural network models for the emulation phase. The resulting algorithm is computationally more efficient and more robust against variations in the training set. Further, by using an autoencoder (AE) for dimension reduction, we have been able to speed up our Bayesian inference method up to three orders of magnitude. Overall, our method, henceforth called the dimension-reduced emulative autoencoder Monte Carlo (DREAMC) algorithm, is able to scale Bayesian UQ up to thousands of dimensions for inverse problems. Using two low-dimensional (linear and nonlinear) inverse problems, we illustrate the validity of this approach. Next, we apply our method to two high-dimensional numerical examples (elliptic and advection-diffusion) to demonstrate its computational advantages over existing algorithms.KeywordsBayesian inverse problemsensemble Kalman methodsemulationconvolutional neural networkdimension reductionautoencoderMSC codes620865M7568U07
Influence of DC Voltage Divider Transmission Characteristics on Traveling Wave Protection of HVDC Transmission Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Traveling wave protection is the main protection of transmission lines of HVDC transmission system, the accuracy of its operation is related to the safety and stability of system. The calculation of each fault characteristics quantity in traveling wave protection criterion is using measured value of DC voltage divider for protection device. However, it is difficult for DC voltage divider to accurately transmit the signals under each frequency band, which will lead to an error between real value and measured value of DC voltage divider when fault occurs. In this paper, the transfer function of DC voltage divider is derived according to equivalent circuit model of DC voltage divider. The amplitude frequency characteristics and transient characteristics of DC voltage divider are analyzed. A ±800kV UHVDC transmission project is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the influence on traveling wave protection caused by transmission characteristics of DC voltage divider is analyzed. Finally, it is suggested that the transmission characteristics of DC voltage divider should be considered in traveling wave protection setting.
Sumsets of reciprocals in prime fields and multilinear Kloosterman sums

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We obtain new results on additive properties of the set $$ I^{-1}= \{x^{-1}: \quad x\in I\} $$ where $I$ is an arbitrary interval in the field of residue classes modulo a large prime $p$. We combine our results with multilinear exponential sum estimates and obtain new results on incomplete multilinear Kloosterman sums.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Loss of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) Is Frequent in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicts Response to mTORC1 Inhibitor Everolimus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Mechanisms of TSC2 loss in HCC cell lines and xenografts. (A) Taqman RT-PCR analysis of TSC1 and TSC2 mRNA levels in HCC cell lines. (B) Taqman RT-PCR analysis of MZB1, TSC1 and TSC2 mRNA levels in TSC2-null Li-7 cells treated with epigenetic inhibitors. (C) Taqman RT-PCR analysis and (D) immunoblot analysis of TSC2 G305V mutant in HEK293T cells.</p>
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in the Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (ACTION-CVT): A Multicenter International Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A small randomized controlled trial suggested that dabigatran may be as effective as warfarin in the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to compare direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to warfarin in a real-world CVT cohort. Methods: This multicenter international retrospective study (United States, Europe, New Zealand) included consecutive patients with CVT treated with oral anticoagulation from January 2015 to December 2020. We abstracted demographics and CVT risk factors, hypercoagulable labs, baseline imaging data, and clinical and radiological outcomes from medical records. We used adjusted inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox-regression models to compare recurrent cerebral or systemic venous thrombosis, death, and major hemorrhage in patients treated with warfarin versus DOACs. We performed adjusted inverse probability of treatment weighted logistic regression to compare recanalization rates on follow-up imaging across the 2 treatments groups. Results: Among 1025 CVT patients across 27 centers, 845 patients met our inclusion criteria. Mean age was 44.8 years, 64.7% were women; 33.0% received DOAC only, 51.8% received warfarin only, and 15.1% received both treatments at different times. During a median follow-up of 345 (interquartile range, 140–720) days, there were 5.68 recurrent venous thrombosis, 3.77 major hemorrhages, and 1.84 deaths per 100 patient-years. Among 525 patients who met recanalization analysis inclusion criteria, 36.6% had complete, 48.2% had partial, and 15.2% had no recanalization. When compared with warfarin, DOAC treatment was associated with similar risk of recurrent venous thrombosis (aHR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.51–1.73]; P =0.84), death (aHR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.22–2.76]; P =0.70), and rate of partial/complete recanalization (aOR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.48–1.73]; P =0.79), but a lower risk of major hemorrhage (aHR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.15–0.82]; P =0.02). Conclusions: In patients with CVT, treatment with DOACs was associated with similar clinical and radiographic outcomes and favorable safety profile when compared with warfarin treatment. Our findings need confirmation by large prospective or randomized studies.
Abstract 1652: P16INK4a over-expression sensitizes HPV(-) HNSCC to radiation through down-regulation of USP7

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumorigenesis induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) shows a greater clinical response to radiation therapy when compared to HPV negative patients. The underlying mechanism for this more favorable outcome is unknown, but the presumption is that DNA repair response must play a large role. P16INK4a is a known surrogate marker for HPV positivity; however the relationship between radiation sensitivity and P16INK4a has not been completely elucidated in this context. Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7), also known as HAUSP, is a deubiquitylating enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from substrates to stabilize target proteins. USP7 overexpression is a predictor of poor prognosis in lung carcinomas and correlates with disease progression and lower survival in gliomas. More recent studies have shown USP7 has a role in the stability of DNA damage response proteins such as RNF168, BRCA1 and Chk1; and USP7 knockdown has been shown to radio-sensitize breast cancer cells to radiation. We have investigated the possible role of USP7 in the radio-response of HNSCC cells in the context of HPV status. Methods: Four HPV(+) and four HPV(-) HNSCC were chosen for this study. The radio-response was determined by clonogenic survival assay. P16INK4a overexpression was generated using lentivirus. Western blot analysis was used for visualizing protein expression. The Cancer Genome Atlas was interrogated to examine the relationship between USP7 and clinical outcome. Results: Our data suggest P16INK4a negatively regulates USP7 and leads to the more radiosensitive phenotype associated with HPV(+)HNSCC. Radio-resistant HPV(-) HNSCC cell lines show higher levels of USP7 than HPV(+) lines and over-expression of P16INK4a in HPV(-) HN5 cells leads to down-regulation of USP7 and radio-sensitization. Conversely, P16INK4a siRNA knockdown in HPV(+) UMSCC-47 shows an increase of USP7 protein expression and radio-resistance. P22077, an inhibitor of USP7 activity, was also shown to radiosensitize a HPV(-) cell line. This shows proof of principle that inhibiting USP7 can be a viable approach to sensitizing HPV(-) HNSCC to radiation. USP7 overexpression was also associated with poorer overall survival in HNSCC. Conclusion: These results suggest that USP7 may be a marker of clinical radioresistance in HNSCC and that its inhibition has the potential to improve the treatment outcome of patients with HPV(-) HNSCC when combined with radiotherapy. Citation Format: David Molkentine, Li Wang, Kathleen Bridges, Kathy Mason, Raymond Meyn, Heath D. Skinner. P16INK4a over-expression sensitizes HPV(-) HNSCC to radiation through down-regulation of USP7. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652.
Numerical analysis for wake flow field of Ahmed model based on a nonlinear-LRN/DES turbulence model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to propose a precise turbulence model for automobile aerodynamics simulation, which can predict flow separation and reattachment phenomena more accurately. Design/methodology/approach As the results of wake flow simulation with commonly used turbulence models are unsatisfactory, by introducing a nonlinear Reynolds stress term and combining the detached Eddy simulation (DES) model, this paper proposes a nonlinear-low-Reynolds number (LRN)/DES turbulence model. The turbulence model is verified in a backward-facing step case and applied in the flow field analysis of the Ahmed model. Several widely applied turbulence models are compared with the nonlinear-LRN/DES model and the experimental data of the above cases. Findings Compared with the experimental data and several turbulence models, the nonlinear-LRN/DES model gives better agreement with the experiment and can predict the automobile wake flow structures and aerodynamic characteristics more accurately. Research limitations/implications The nonlinear-LRN/DES model proposed in this paper suffers from separation delays when simulating the separation flows above the rear slant of the Ahmed body. Therefore, more factors need to be considered to further improve the accuracy of the model. Practical implications This paper proposes a turbulence model that can more accurately simulate the wake flow field structure of automobiles, which is valuable for improving the calculation accuracy of the aerodynamic characteristics of automobiles. Originality/value Based on the nonlinear eddy viscosity method and the scale resolved simulation, a nonlinear-LRN/DES turbulence model including the nonlinear Reynolds stress terms for separation and reattachment prediction, as well as the wake vortex structure prediction is first proposed.
Comparative testing of different methods for evaluation of Varroa destructor infestation of honey bee colonies

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Different methods for evaluation of the degree of Varroa destructor infestation of honey bee colonies were tested. The methods using in vivo evaluation were the most sparing for the bees but less precise. The methods using evaluation with the killing of the bees or brood were the most precise but less sparing for bees.
In vitro mimicry of CaMBrl tumor-associated antigen by synthetic oligosaccharides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

2To whom correspondence should be addressed The murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) MBrl, raised against the breast cancer cell line MCF7, recognizes a sac-charidic epitope overexpressed on a high percentage of hu-man breast, ovary, and lung carcinomas. This antigen was originally identified on the immunogen as a globo-series glycosphingolipid with an H-Iike determinant at its termi-nus (globo-H). We report here the biological characteriza-tion of the entire globo-H hexasaccharide and five synthetic oligosaccharides representing fragments of the entire struc-ture and/or different anomeric configurations. Using com-petitive binding assays on live cells, we identified the resi-dues and the linkages essential for mimicry of the cellular antigens recognized by Mab MBrl on the breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 and small cell lung cancer cell line POVD. The terminal tetrasaccharidic fragment of globo-H is the oligosaccharide that most resembles the MBrl-defined epi-tope both on glycolipids and on glycoproteins. This infor-mation will help in the rational design of a highly specific reagent for active specific immunotherapy of carcinomas overexpressing the MBrl-defined antigen. Key words: CaMBrl/immunotherapy/monoclonal antibody/ oligosaccharides/tumor-associated antigen
Apparent temperature as a modifier of the effects of air pollution on respiratory disease hospital admissions in Secunda, South Africa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS 681: Short-term health effects of air pollutants 1, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 26, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background: Due to climate change, an increase of 34°C in ambient temperature is projected along the South African coast and 6-7°C inland during the next 80 years. Very few studies in Africa investigated effect modification by a temperature indicator (e.g. apparent temperature, Tapp) on the human health effects of air pollution. Methods: Respiratory disease (RD) admission data (ICD10 J00-J99) were obtained from MediClinic for the two hospitals located in Secunda; after ethics approval. The study period is 1 January 2011 to 31 October 2016. NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, temperature and relative humidity data were obtained from the South African Weather Services. A case-crossover epidemiological study design was applied. The present study focused on lag0-1; as most other studies. Models were adjusted for public holidays and Tapp. Days with Tapp below and above/equal the median (14.9C) were classified as cold and warm days, respectively. Results: Of the 14 568 RD admissions, approximately equal number of females and males were admitted. 47%, 45% and 8% of the admissions were from 0-14, 15-64 and >=65 year olds, respectively. The daily NO2, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 levels were 12.4, 8.5, 32.3 and 68.6 μm/m3, respectively. Daily air pollutant levels regularly exceeded the WHO guidelines. On cold days there were no significant associations between the air pollutants and RD admissions, but there were strong associations on warm days, except for NO2. On warm days, 0-14 year olds and females were more susceptible to PM2.5, PM10 and SO2, e.g. RR 1.12 95%CI 1.02-1.23 for 14 year olds and PM2.5 compared to the unstratified analyses RR 1.01 95%CI 1.00-1.02. Conclusions: These results indicate that the risk of RD hospital admission due to ambient air pollution exposure is different on cold and warm days in Secunda.
Implementation Of Resolution No. 4/2016 Of The ICPO-INTERPOL Concerning Biometric Data Sharing: Between Countermeasures Against Terrorist Foreign Fighters (FTFS) And Protection Of The Privacy Of Indonesian Citizens

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to identify and explore the challenges in the implementation of Resolution No. 4/2016 of the ICPO-INTERPOL concerning sharing and exchanging biometric data among the members of ICPO-INTERPOL in order to counter terrorist foreign fighters (FTFs). This research also aims to elaborate and describe the mechanism of collecting, recording, storing, and exchanging biometric data conducted by the Indonesian government. The mechanism of collecting, recording, and storing biometric data works through 3 main doors, namely: 1) in the process of making electronic Resident’s ID Cards (e-ID Cards); 2) in the process of making SKCK (Certificates of Police Record); 3) in the process of making e-Passports. In the implementation of Resolution No. 4/2016 of ICPO-INTERPOL, the most obvious obstacles and challenges are the absence of regulations concerning the protection of personal data, and also the fact that the biometric data system itself is still relatively new and the database is not fully developed. Until today, the INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) for Indonesia does not have its own biometric database system; instead they are using the database that is centralized at Pusinafis Polri (the Indonesian National Police’s Center of Automatic Fingerprint Identification System). The results of the study reveal that the biometric data recorded, collected, and stored are big data, but so far in supporting law enforcement and crime prevention processes the data have only been used as comparative data. In addition, there have also been found indications of violations of personal data and privacy, for example in relation to the absence of mechanism for data retention, consent, processing, notification, and disclosure.