jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Primary Osteintegration in the Study of Biomimetic Surfaces

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The study and use of biomaterials dates back to very ancient cultures such as that of the Mayas, the Egyptians and the Phoenicians; however the study on biomaterials as a science is to be considered recently developed, indeed dating back only to half of the nineteenth century. Archeological finds showed that Phoenicians used to tie artificial teeth to the natural ones with golden wires and that the Egyptians used different materials to build prosthesis. The first find that reached us, dates back to the Egyptian era (1000 600 b.C.) and is a woman’s toe. The device named “Cairo Toe” is made of wood and skin, and is assembled in order to be flexible and both the shape and the wearing effect of time suggest that it helped its owner to walk; then it is considered the first functional prosthesis (Huebsch & Mooney, 2009). More finds instead, such as for hands and feet or a finger of parchment and chalk kept at the British Museum in London, are only aesthetic substitutes, since this culture used to carefully get ready for the afterlife. As far as regards oral implantology, the first find reached to us is a Maya’s era mandible’s splinter with three implants made of half shell which were the substitute of three missing foreteeth, datable approximately to VIII Century a.C., discovered by the archeologist Wilson Popenoe, in 1931, during some diggings in Playa de los Muertos, in Honduras. According to some studies made by the Brasilian, but native of Italy, dentistry Amedeo Bobbio during 1970, the three shells were not implanted in the relative alveolus after death, but during the life. Indeed, by the find’s X-Ray, he noticed a real, “osteointegration”, as we woluld say today all around the shells, certainly due to their largecontent of calcium phosphate (Bucci Sabattini, 2007). This find represents a fundamental stage in biomaterials’ history being the first osteointegrated implant which came to us. Considering the recent history, since ‘800, there are several documentations of efforts and experiments for orthodontic implants. The greatest development of endosseous implantology has been in the ‘70s with Stefano Tramonte’s suggestion to use titanium to replace surgical steel as an implant’s material. The Dutch School, also around the half of ‘70s, introduced the use of calcium hydroxyapatite inspired by previous studies on tricalcium phosphate. The osteointegrated implant methodology was initaited in the ‘80s by doctor Per-Ingvar Branemark, professor in applied biotechnologies at University of Gothenburg, who developed the osteointegrated implants in the oral surgery, providing inspiration for other applications. Branemark defined osteointegration as the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load bearing artificial implant (Branemark et al., 1977). The basic
Approximate symmetries in the Interacting Boson Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dynamical symmetries have played a central role for many years in the study of nuclear structure. Recently, the concepts of Partial Dynamical Symmetry (PDS) and Quasi-Dynamical Symmetry (QDS) have been introduced. We shall discuss examples of PDS and QDS appearing in the large boson number limit of the Interacting Boson Mod
A FIRE FIGHTING ACTIVITY EXPERIMENT USING PORTABLE FIRE PUMPS FOR EVALUATION OF THE COMMUNITY-SCALE CAPABILITY OF FIRE PREVENTION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experiment on fire fighting activity using portable fire pumps was carried out for 41 subject teams of variable characteristics. It was conducted according to an activity scenario for a team consists of three community residents. The scenario involves six sequential processes starting with detection of fire and ending up with discharge of water. Amount of time required for the operation of portable fire pump was measured for each of the process. The obtained distributions of the required times were approximated with lognormal curves providing expressions necessary for the evaluation of community-scale capability of fire prevention. It is also shown that the occurrence of erroneous operations was not that dependent on the training experience of the residents in the past. The rate of water thrown into a model fire room through a window was measured for 84 residents. It was found that the rates were almost proportional to the direct distance between the target window and the nozzle head.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SOCIO-POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND ECONOMIC CHALLENGES FACED BY MUSLIMS IN INDIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper provides a comprehensive review of 25 scholarly articles that explore the socio-political, educational, and economic challenges faced by the Muslim community in India. The review synthesizes key findings across these studies, highlighting the systemic barriers to political participation, educational disadvantages, economic marginalization, and social exclusion experienced by Muslims in India. Through a comparative analysis, the paper identifies recurring themes, methodological approaches, and the implications of these findings for policy and practice. The study emphasizes the need for holistic strategies that integrate political, educational, and economic interventions to address the deep-rooted issues of marginalization and exclusion faced by the Muslim community. The paper also includes a bibliometric analysis of research trends, illustrating the increasing academic interest in this critical area of study. The findings suggest that targeted policies and comprehensive educational reforms are essential for improving the socio-economic and political status of Muslims in India.
Prophylaxis against thromboembolism in gynecologic patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli remain a significant cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality in gynecologic patients. While numerous reports indicate the benefits of different prophylactic measures, no clear "best" method of prophylaxis has emerged. This review is intended to familiarize the practicing gynecologist with risk factors, methods of detection and risks and benefits associated with prophylactic regimens.
Effect of Cyclosporine on the Expression of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Mesangial Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effect of calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine(CsA) on the expression of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1) in mesangial cells and explore its clinical value in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Rat mesangial cells were cultured in vitro, the expression of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1) mRNA was measured by semi-quantitative reverse tanscription polymerase chain response(RT-PCR) after the cells were incubated with different concentration of CsA for 24 hours. AT1 protein production was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the rate of AT1 expression cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results:CsA stimulated AT1 mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner. The protein production and the rate of AT1 expression cells were also increased after the cells were incubated with CsA for 24 hours.Conclusion:CsA can up-regulated AT1 expression in mesangial cells,which suggest the involvement of RAS in CsA-induced glomerular injury.
Venturing out on the thread of a tune: the artist as improvisor in public life.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In discussing the work of Wassily Kandinsky of some hundred years ago, Will Grohmann, an art historian, focuses on Kandinsky's effort to develop a new grammar for the visual arts. Kandinsky, Grohmann argues, undertakes a profound rethinking of visual perception from the perspective of the artist. Working alongside Paul Klee and others in the context of the Bauhaus at Weimar, Kandinsky repositioned art and craft in relation both to industrialisation and the emergence of anthroposophy, at a point of momentous social, cultural and political change. It is 'theory' Grohmann argues that guides the artists and their followers to navigate through the new terrain aesthetically, practically, spiritually and intellectually. Acting as leaders, they opened up a new kind of potential in the way the visual arts were thought and practised.
Analysis on drug resistance gene and correlation factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the drug resistance status of methicillin-resistant Staphylo coccus aureus(MRSA),strengthen the monitoring of MRSA.Methods Drug resistance of 46 strains of MRSA was retrospectively analyzed.β-lactams resistance gene mecA,aminoglycosides resistance gene aac(6′)/ aph(2″),erythromycins resistance gene emr and antiseptics resistance gene qac(A/B) were tested in 46 strains of MRSA by applying PCR.Results Most of MRSA strains were highly and multidrug-resistant,and related resistant genes of MRSA were detected.Conclusion Enhancement of MRSA monitoring,rational use of antibiotics and strict disinfection/insulation in clinic are the key to control of MRSA hospital infection.
Predictors of intraocular pressure change after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and in nonglaucomatous patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aim. The cataract surgery in eyes with and without glaucoma results in the sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction but it is still unknown which glaucomatous patients will achieve clinically significant reduction. The preoperative IOP and some ocular biometric parameters have been shown as potential predictors of the postoperative IOP reduction. The aim of our prospective intervention study was to evaluate that relationship in medically controlled patients with the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and in the nonglaucomatous patients. Methods. Thirty-one PXG patients (31 eyes) and 31 nonglaucomatous patients (31 eyes), all with clinically significant cataract, were enrolled. The preoperative IOP, anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT), lens position (LP) [LP = ACD + 0.5 LT], relative lens position (RLP) [RLP = LP / AL] and the pressure-to-depth ratio (PD ratio) [PD ratio = preoperative IOP/preoperative ACD] were evaluated as potential predictors of the IOP change in the 6th postoperative month. Results. In the 6th postoperative month, in the PXG group, the IOP reduction was -3.23 ? 3.41 mmHg (-17.67 ? 16.86%) from the preoperative value of 16.27 ? 3.08 mmHg and in the control group, the reduction was -2.26 ? 1.71 mmHg (-15.06 ? 10.93%) from the preoperative value of 14.53 ? 2.04 mmHg. In the PXG group, the significant predictors of the absolute and the percentage IOP reduction were the preoperative IOP, AL, and PD ratio. In the same group, RLP was shown as a significant predictor of absolute change in the IOP in multi-variate analysis, and the percentage IOP change in both the univariate and the multivariate analyses. In the control group, the preoperative IOP and the PD ratio were the only significant parameters that could predict absolute change in the postoperative IOP. Conclusion. The cataract surgery leads to the IOP reduction both in the PXG and nonglaucomatous eye. Predictors monitored in this study are widely available and simply calculable parameters that can be potentially used in managing glaucoma.
Carroll-invariant propagating fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We construct Carroll-invariant theories with fields propagating outside the Carroll light cone, i.e., at a speed strictly greater than zero (“Carroll swiftons”). We first consider models in flat Carroll spacetime in general dimensions, where we present scalar and vector Carroll swifton field theories. We then turn to the coupling to gravity and achieve in particular in two dimensions a Carroll-invariant scalar swifton by coupling it suitably to Carroll dilaton gravity. Its backreaction on the geometry generates dynamical torsion. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Biomethanation of Distillery Wastewaters in Fluidised-Bed Bioreactor and Mathematical Modelling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An anaerobic three-phase fluidised-bed reactor (FBR) was used to treat distillery wastewaters for biogas generation using actively digested aerobic sludge from a sewage plant. The optimum digestion time was 8 h and optimum initial pH of feed was 7.5. The optimum temperature of feed was 40°C, optimum feed flow was 14 L/min and maximum organic loading rate (OLR) was 39.513 kg COD m−3 h−1. The OLRs were calculated on the basis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) inlet in the bioreactor at different flow rates. The maximum methane (CH4) concentration was 63.56% (v/v) of the total biogas generation at optimum biomethanation process parameters. The maximum biogas yield rate was 0.835 m3/kg COD m−3 h−1 with maximum CH4 yield rate (63.56% v/v) of 0.530 m3/kg COD m−3 h−1 at optimum digestion parameters. The maximum COD and biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction of the distillery wastewaters were 76.82% (w/w) and 81.65% (w/w), respectively, with maximum OLR of 39.513 kg COD m−3 h−1 at optimum conditions. The optimisation of these parameters enabled stable functioning of the process and allowed the application of high loading rates. This study deals with mathematical modelling of the experimental data on biomethanation and suggests model equations relating kinetic parameter (rate constant k) and maximum specific growth rate μmax with respect to COD (substrate) removal. The mathematical modelling is also analysed for hydrodynamic pressure δp vs. feed flow u and hydrodynamic pressure δp with respect to CH4 gas yields.
Comparative proteomic analysis of plant responses to sound waves in

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Environmental factors greatly influence the growth, development, and even genetic characteristics of plants. The mechanisms by which sound influences plant growth, however, remain obscure. Previously, our group reported that several genes were differentially regulated by specific frequenciesof sound treatmentusing a sound-treated subtractive library. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to investigate plant responses to sound waves in Arabidopsis. The plants were exposed to 250-Hz or 500-Hz sound waves, and total proteins were extracted from leaves 8 h and 24 h after treatment. Proteins extracted from leaves were subjected to 2-DE analysis. Thirty-eight spots were found to be differentially regulated in response to sound waves and were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The functions of the identified proteins were classified
Fine Tuned VGG19 Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye-related complication experienced by individuals with longstanding diabetes.Usually diagnosed by the healthcare professional by retinal fundus examination during Medical check-ups or mass screenings.Early detection of diabetic retinopathy will avoid vision loss and other issues.The objective of this work is to diagnose the Diabetic Retinopathy from retinal fundus images using deep learning (DL) techniques for better detection accuracy.The proposed fine-tunedVGG19 CNN architecture is performing well with the Kaggle data set and effectively dealing with this multi-class classification problem.The proposed model uses pre-trained weights from image net data which lessens the training time and improves the performance in detecting DR from retinal fundus images in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.Deep transfer learning with fine-tuning method implementation was carried out to get the highest test accuracy of 73.60%.
Radium and its Daughters in Bryopsis Plumosa

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural, as well as artificial gamma emitters have been monitored systematically since 1984 in marine environmental samples from the Romanian sector of the Black Sea coast under a project run by the Romanian Marine Research Institute and the Institute of Environmental Research and Engineering. The Bryopsis plumosa green alga was identified as having the highest concentrations of radionuclides belonging to the natural radioactive series of uranium-radium and thorium, two orders of magnitude higher as compared with the other species common in the area under study. Evaluation of measurement derived and computed values of certain radionuclide concentration ratios leads to the conclusion that the alga assimilates only radium from its environment.
Infected Urachal Cysts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDICAL JOURNAL three cases (Nos.7, 12, and 13) excreted type-specific coli- forms when no diarrhoea was present, and in Case 6 Bact. coli 026.B6 was isolated and identified immediately before any looseness of stools began.Certain conditions seem to be necessary before type- specific coliforms can exert a pathogenic effect in the in- testine.From the cases described, debility and general weakness are evidently important predisposing conditions, but there is evidence of another, unknown, factor.In Cases
Sequence of the Sugar Pine Megagenome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Until very recently, complete characterization of the megagenomes of conifers has remained elusive. The diploid genome of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) has a highly repetitive, 31 billion bp genome. It is the largest genome sequenced and assembled to date, and the first from the subgenus Strobus, or white pines, a group that is notable for having the largest genomes among the pines. The genome represents a unique opportunity to investigate genome “obesity” in conifers and white pines. Comparative analysis of P. lambertiana and P. taeda L. reveals new insights on the conservation, age, and diversity of the highly abundant transposable elements, the primary factor determining genome size. Like most North American white pines, the principal pathogen of P. lambertiana is white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer ex Raben.). Identification of candidate genes for resistance to this pathogen is of great ecological importance. The genome sequence afforded us the opportunity to make substantial progress on locating the major dominant gene for simple resistance hypersensitive response, Cr1. We describe new markers and gene annotation that are both tightly linked to Cr1 in a mapping population, and associated with Cr1 in unrelated sugar pine individuals sampled throughout the species’ range, creating a solid foundation for future mapping. This genomic variation and annotated candidate genes characterized in our study of the Cr1 region are resources for future marker-assisted breeding efforts as well as for investigations of fundamental mechanisms of invasive disease and evolutionary response.
CHAPTER 1.8 What Is Driving Travel Demand? Managing Travel’s Climate Impacts

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The focus of existing policy aimed toward reducing CO2 emissions from air travel, with measures such as the United Kingdom’s recent doubling of air passenger duty, has been on trying to manage air travel demand by raising the cost of travel for passengers. Even the recent debate on emissions trading in Europe has focused on the costs it will impose on airlines and their passengers.This paper presents new research that shows that policies aiming to reduce emissions by managing demand by raising the cost of air travel are likely to fail.Tourists are shown to be very sensitive to prices for air travel on competing airlines or to alternative destinations. However, at the national or pan-national level, these choices cancel each other out; the overall market is much less sensitive to the cost of air travel. It is economic growth and incomes
Performance of STF Coded OFDM with Transmit Eigenbeamforming in Correlated Fading Channels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new transmit diversity configuration that combines transmit eigenbeamforming with space-time-frequency (STF) coding for orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems is investigated. Based on the signal angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimates, channel correlation matrix is constructed. It is shown that signal transmission of STF codes in the eigen-modes of this matrix gives an effective array weighting gain which improves system error performance without sacrificing any diversity and coding gain. For imperfect AoA estimation, error probability loss due to incorrect estimation is quantified and the required accuracy of AoA estimation for securing the performance gain is shown for different angular spreads
Ocular pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in rabbits.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ocular pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol (TAP, CAS 15318-45-3) was studied in rabbits by means of the assessment of its ocular and systemic absorption, and urinary excretion after instillation of 0.5% TAP eye drops. TAP concentrations in aqueous humor, plasma and urine were evaluated by a coupled LC/GC method (detection limit = 0.1 ng/ml), because the necessity to have a technique much more sensitive than the traditional chromatographic ones available in order to quantify the very low drug concentrations in biological fluids produced by the ocular treatment, and generally by a topical administration. The intravenous route was chosen as reference and allowed the absolute bioavailability to be estimated. TAP proved to be well absorbed through the cornea with the peak aqueous humor concentration of 110 ng/ml at 45 min following the instillation. The good ocular absorption of TAP was confirmed by the plasma concentrations observed after instillation of 0.5% eye drops. In any case, these concentrations were more than 1000 times lower than those observed after the intravenous treatment at the dose normally used for infectious diseases, allowing to exclude any systemic toxicity of TAP eye drops. The absolute ocular bioavailability was 16.2% when estimated from the AUC values and 34.0% from the cumulative urinary excretion values.
Highly Squint SAR Data Focusing Using Keystone Transform and Subaperture Processing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an algorithm using Keystone transform and subaperture processing is proposed for focusing synthetic aperture radar data in highly squint angle and high resolution. The whole processing of the proposed algorithm consists of two main steps. Firstly, the keystone transform is used to remove the linear range walk to reduce the range-azimuth coupling of the echo signal. Afterwards, the space variant residual range cell migration (RCM) and azimuth modulation are compensated through a subaperture DFT processing, where the corresponding relationship of the Doppler frequency and azimuth angle is utilized. The proposed algorithm can process SAR data under a squint angle 80° and the resolution 0.5m, demonstrated by the experimental results of the simulated data.