jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Catalysis of DNA cleavage by lanthanide complexes with nucleophilic or intercalating ligands and their kinetic characterization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The catalysis of plasmid ds-DNA cleavage by lanthanoid cations and their complexes is characterized by saturation kinetics; addition of polyamines or cryptand does not hinder catalysis, which can be enhanced to a total factor of 107 by alcoholic co-substrates such as glycerol, or by intercalating ligands.
Poor People's Survival Strategies: Two Decades of Research in the Americas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nearly a half-century ago, two scholars north and south of the US border called attention to the role played by reciprocity networks in poor peoples’ survival strategies. This article provides a synthetic picture of the qualitative research on those strategies, focusing not only on mutual aid networks but also on clientelist politics and popular protest. These are, we argue, oftentimes complementary ways of everyday problem-solving. Furthermore, most research on survival strategies has overlooked state and street violence as literal threats to poor people's daily survival. Our review systematically describes the individual and collective strategies poor residents use to navigate daily dangers. We advocate for the incorporation of personal safety into the study of poor people's survival strategies and identify as a promising research endeavor a simultaneous attention to ways of making ends meet and coping with interpersonal and state violence.
Region-Directed Enzyme Immobilization through Engineering Protein Surface with Histidine Clusters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Enzyme immobilization is a key enabling technology for a myriad of industrial applications, yet immobilization science is still too empirical to reach highly active and robust heterogeneous biocatalysts through a general approach. Conventional protein immobilization methods lack control over how enzymes are oriented on solid carriers, resulting in negative conformational changes that drive enzyme deactivation. Site-selective enzyme immobilization through peptide tags and protein domains addresses the orientation issue, but this approach limits the possible orientations to the N- and C-termini of the target enzyme. In this work, we engineer the surface of two model dehydrogenases to introduce histidine clusters into flexible regions not involved in catalysis, through which immobilization is driven. By varying the position and the histidine density of the clusters, we create a small library of enzyme variants to be immobilized on different carriers functionalized with different densities of various metal chelates (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Fe3+). We first demonstrate that His-clusters can be as efficient as the conventional His-tags in immobilizing enzymes, recovering even more activity and gaining stability against some denaturing agents. Furthermore, we find that the enzyme orientation as well as the type and density of the metal chelates affect the immobilization parameters (immobilization yield and recovered activity) and the stability of the immobilized enzymes. According to proteomic studies, His-clusters enable a different enzyme orientation as compared to His-tag. Finally, these oriented heterogeneous biocatalysts are implemented in batch reactions, demonstrating that the stability achieved by an optimized orientation translates into increased operational stability.
Non Ennarabile Textum: Allusive Ekphrasis in Francisco Javier Alegre's Alexandrias

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Neo-Latin literature in colonial New Spain has a rich history that has only in recent years garnered broader interest from scholars. One of the most unique works produced in New Spain during this time is Jesuit scholar Francisco Javier Alegre’s Alexandrias, an epic that depicts Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Phoenician city of Tyre. As there is scant scholarship analyzing the literary elements of the Alexandrias, this paper focuses only on Alegre’s usage of ekphrasis—a detailed description of an object—in book one of the epic, rather than attempting to explore every allusive aspect in this dense text. Th rough allusive ekphrasis, Alegre elegantly incorporates the work of ancient poets such as Ovid not only to highlight his own ability as a poet, but also to subtly address topics that would otherwise be inappropriate for a Jesuit priest to write about. In addition to this more noticeable usage of allusion, Alegre’s specific manipulation of poetic language in this scene also reveals a potential reading of Alexander the Great as a historical analogue to Hernan Cortés, both of whom gained fame through conquest. Analysis of this text—even through an allusive lens alone—reveals the intricacy with which Alegre and his contemporaries were composing their works, and emphasizes the value of deeper investigations into Neo-Latin literature.
Study of Electron Cloud E ects in the DAFNE PHI-Factory for the KLOE-2 Run

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A strong horizontal instability has been observed in the the DAFNE positron ring since 2003. Experimental observations suggest an electron cloud induced coupled bunbh instability as a possible explanation. Here is reported a simulation study of the electron cloud effects in the positron ring of the DAFNE PHI factory with particular reference to the machine configuration designed for the KLOE-2 experiment.
Acoustic metascreen for broadband wavefront manipulation with stationary phase gradients

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The development of an efficient acoustic metascreen utilizing artificial micro-structured metamaterials holds paramount importance for the manipulation of acoustic wavefronts. However, the expansive broadband capability of such metascreens is often compromised due to the variations in amplitude and phase profiles of the conceived structures at different frequencies. To address this issue, we introduce a broadband metascreen composed of several interconnected acoustic cavities. The concept is substantiated by the theoretical explication of the abrupt cross-section tube model. The resultant metascreen demonstrates high transmission efficiency and maintains a consistent phase profile over a wide frequency band, which implies that the relative phase disparities amongst neighboring pixels are retained at uniform intervals across the entire frequency spectrum, enabling the distinct broadband functionality of the metascreens developed. Through both simulations and experimental measurements, we exhibit the ability of the metascreen to manipulate the wavefront of transmitted waves, accomplishing acoustic focusing and self-bending across multiple frequencies. Our research paves the way for a novel and multifunctional method to manipulate broadband wavefronts through transmissive grooved acoustic metamaterial, offering a practical and promising methodology to develop advanced acoustic apparatuses.
Towards change detection in bi-temporal images using evidential conflict

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper exposes new method of remote sensed imagery change detection based on the framework of Dempster-Shafer. The method is established on multi-temporal conflict analysis and interpretation, where it was used as a new index of change. In consequence, a pre-change card was produced from the multi-temporal conflict card between the two bi-temporal images and which was deduced from the empty-set mass. It is the proof that the Dempster-Shafer Theory can be applied in a new way for change detection where the conflict imperfection allows mining reliable and not trivial information about change. The effectiveness of the conflict for multi-temporal change mapping was demonstrated using bi-temporal Landsat imagery.
Generalized framework for likelihood-based field-level inference of growth rate from velocity and density fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measuring the growth rate of large-scale structures (f) as a function of redshift has the potential to break degeneracies between modified gravity and dark energy models, when combined with expansion-rate probes. Direct estimates of peculiar velocities of galaxies have attracted interest as a means of estimating fσ8. In particular, field-level methods can be used to fit the field nuisance parameter along with cosmological parameters simultaneously. This article aims to provide the community with a unified framework for the theoretical modeling of the likelihood-based field-level inference by performing fast field covariance calculations for velocity and density fields. Our purpose is to lay the foundations for a nonlinear extension of the likelihood-based method at the field level. We have developed a generalized framework, implemented in the dedicated software flip to perform a likelihood-based inference of fσ8. We derived a new field covariance model, which includes wide-angle corrections. We also included the models previously described in the literature inside our framework. We compared their performance against ours, and we validated our model by comparing it with the two-point statistics of a recent N-body simulation. The tests we performed have allowed us to validate our software and determine the appropriate wavenumber range to integrate our covariance model and its validity in terms of separation. Our framework allows for a wider wavenumber coverage to be used in our calculations than in previous works, which is particularly interesting for nonlinear model extensions. Finally, our generalized framework allows us to efficiently perform a survey geometry-dependent Fisher forecast of the fσ8 parameter. We show that the Fisher forecast method we developed gives an error bar that is 30% closer to a full likelihood-based estimation than a standard volume Fisher forecast.
Chapter 3 Clinical features: motor and nonmotor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor features and non-motor features, both of which can cause significant disability• The cardinal motor features of PD are bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability• Motor symptoms of PD begin insidiously and progress gradually throughout the course of the disease• The most commonly disabling non-motor features of PD are neuropsychiatric: dementia, depression or drug-induced psychosis• Other non-motor features of PD include: autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbance and sensory complaints.
Journal jetems.scholarlinkresearch.org of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(4):393-397 (ISSN:2141-7024) Mergers and Performance of Conglomerates Companies in Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Merger and acquisition among firms indicate the magnitude of economic gains that may arise depending upon the cultural fit between the merging firms. This study analyzed the effect of mergers and acquisition on performance of firms in Nigeria. Panel data for the study was collected on four sample companies for the period of fifteen years. Conglomerates companies were purposively selected for this study because they are the only sector on the Nigeria stock exchange list that has carried out merger and acquisition which covered the period of study (1990-2005). An analysis of the performance of the selected companies before and after the merger and acquisition transactions reveals that the post merger and acquisition transactions really improved the performance of sampled companies. This implies that the realization of merger and acquisition objectives such as optimization of resources, removal of duplication of operating cost and well coordinated management could be achieved.
Progress of Mid-season Super Hybrid Rice Breeding in Southern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The production of mid-season hybrid rice in southern China is important.Great achievement was made in China on mid-season super hybrid rice breeding in the past ten years owed to right breeding technological route.The paper reviewed the achievement of breeding new parents(or combinations),building breeding technology system and extending the fruits.The problems of lack eurytopic combination,small extending power,lack combinations that having high yield,high quality and high resistance existed in the mid-season super hybrid rice breeding were pointed out.These problems were solved through 3 aspects including widening the genetic base;breeding the eurytopic combination,exploiting the special germ plasm,breeding the combination having the excellent characters and building light-duty cultivation system;strengthening the extension.The conversion research findings,breeding the mid-season super hybrid rice combination having the eurytopic and excellent characters and strengthening the research of the 3th super hybrid rice were discussed.
Determinants of voluntary accounting policy choices by Australian life insurers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper empirically examines various incentives facing managers of Australian life insurers to voluntarily use actuarial-based income smoothing techniques (AIS). AIS were subsequently incorporated into jointly-developed Australian and New Zealand life insurance accounting standards (LIAS) issued in 1997. The propensity of managers to voluntarily use AIS is predicted to be related to the firm s tax rate, ownership structure, size, expense ratio and solvency. These predictions were tested on a sample of 28 firms during the period 1992-93. Empirical results suggest that firms using AIS tend to be larger, pay higher levels of income tax and are less likely to contravene minimum solvency requirements.
Measuring a sleep/stress switch point

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Spielman 3P and Cano-Saper models of insomnia focus on the role of stress in the development of insomnia. To date, the impact of both naturalistic stressors and experimental stressors upon sleep have been inconsistent, due to limitations including the varied nature of the stressor, the diverse nature of participants and the lack of standardised experimental protocols for measuring stress and sleep. In addition, previous research has tended not to include an objective marker of stress, and thus cannot confirm that the stressor employed reliably elicits physiological stress. This thesis aimed to examine the effects of stress upon sleep, firstly developing and testing a standard protocol to measure both subjective and objective stress and sleep in the same context. Cortisol, specifically the cortisol awakening response (CAR), was measured as a physiological marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and objective sleep was measured using polysomnography. The protocol was used in an experiment to examine the impact of anticipation on sleep and stress, and then tease apart the impact of anticipation and anticipation coupled with demand, on sleep and the CAR. The results of the thesis indicate that anticipation of stress alone is sufficient to disrupt subjective sleep, when teased apart from demand. The results of the thesis also indicate that the CAR is a marker of anticipation and with a potential secondary role as a marker of recovery. Theoretically, the thesis indicates that the precipitating dimension within the Spielman 3P model occurs irrespective of whether the stressor is anticipated or actual.
Nonradiating anapole condition derived from Devaney-Wolf theorem and excited in a broken-symmetry dielectric particle

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we first derive the nonradiating anapole condition with a straightforward theoretical demonstration exploiting one of the Devaney-Wolf theorems for nonradiating currents. Based on the equivalent volumetric and surface electromagnetic sources, it is possible to establish a unique compact conditions directly from Maxwell’s Equations in order to ensure nonradiating anapole state. In addition, we support our theoretical findings with a numerical investigation on a broken-symmetry dielectric particle, building block of a metamaterial structure, demonstrating through a detailed multiple expansion the nonradiating anapole condition behind these peculiar destructive interactions.
Resmetirom-eligible population among US adults: An estimation analysis based on NHANES 2017–March 2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Resmetirom received FDA approval for treating adults with noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis (stages F2–F3). Here, we sought to estimate the eligible U.S. adult population for resmetirom therapy, with secondary analysis focusing on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–March 2020 cycle. Two eligibility scenarios were examined: a liberal scenario requiring ALT >17 U/L for women or >20 U/L for men, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) >280 dB/m, and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) >8 kPa; and a restrictive scenario requiring ALT >30 U/L for both sexes, CAP >280 dB/m, and LSM >10 kPa. The analysis incorporated sampling weights to generate nationally representative estimates. Results: The study cohort included 7244 adults (mean age 49.08 y, 49.9% male) with a mean BMI of 29.61 kg/m², mean CAP 263.35 dB/m, and mean LSM 5.8 kPa. An estimated 8.3 million (95% CI: 6.6–9.9 million) adults met the liberal eligibility criteria, while 2.3 million (95% CI: 1.4–3.2 million) met the restrictive criteria. Patients meeting restrictive criteria were predominantly male (76.2% vs. 59.9%) and younger (mean age 46.7 vs. 48.3 y), with similar BMI (38.6 vs. 38.1 kg/m²). Among adults with T2DM, 3.5 million (95% CI: 2.4–4.5 million; 12.2%) met liberal, whereas 0.85 million (95% CI: 0.5–1.2 million; 3.0%) restrictive criteria. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of U.S. adults meet eligibility criteria for resmetirom treatment, with estimates varying significantly based on the stringency of selection criteria.
Predicting Binding Affinities for GPCR Ligands Using\nFree-Energy Perturbation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The\nrapid growth of structural information for G-protein-coupled\nreceptors (GPCRs) has led to a greater understanding of their structure,\nfunction, selectivity, and ligand binding. Although novel ligands\nhave been identified using methods such as virtual screening, computationally\ndriven lead optimization has been possible only in isolated cases\nbecause of challenges associated with predicting binding free energies\nfor related compounds. Here, we provide a systematic characterization\nof the performance of free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations\nto predict relative binding free energies of congeneric ligands binding\nto GPCR targets using a consistent protocol and no adjustable parameters.\nUsing the FEP+ package, first we validated the protocol, which includes\na full lipid bilayer and explicit solvent, by predicting the binding\naffinity for a total of 45 different ligands across four different\nGPCRs (adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>AR, β<sub>1</sub> adrenergic,\nCXCR4 chemokine, and δ opioid receptors). Comparison with experimental\nbinding affinity measurements revealed a highly predictive ranking\ncorrelation (average spearman ρ = 0.55) and low root-mean-square\nerror (0.80 kcal/mol). Next, we applied FEP+ in a prospective project,\nwhere we predicted the affinity of novel, potent adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>R) antagonists. Four novel compounds were\nsynthesized and tested in a radioligand displacement assay, yielding\naffinity values in the nanomolar range. The affinity of two out of\nthe four novel ligands (plus three previously reported compounds)\nwas correctly predicted (within 1 kcal/mol), including one compound\nwith approximately a tenfold increase in affinity compared to the\nstarting compound. Detailed analyses of the simulations underlying\nthe predictions provided insights into the structural basis for the\ntwo cases where the affinity was overpredicted. Taken together, these\nresults establish a protocol for systematically applying FEP+ to GPCRs\nand provide guidelines for identifying potent molecules in drug discovery\nlead optimization projects.
Changes and challenges of the archives: researching early-twentieth century lesbianism in United States prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Changes and Challenges of the Archives" is based on a still-in-progress master's thesis that I will complete by May 2021 at Sarah Lawrence College. The purpose of this article is not to come to any conclusions about the challenges of researching lesbian history during the COVID-19 pandemic but, rather, to explore how these world circumstances have further complicated the labor required of a lesbian historian. Many elements of this thesis and research are still in flux, including my investigation of the role race played in creating and developing a sexually deviant, criminalized definition of lesbian(ism). My ultimate hope is that this paper provides some valuable knowledge for my queer historian comrades and sparks a dialogue that can benefit historians who are continuing their research through debilitating circumstances.
MULTI-USER SUPPORT FOR VIRTUAL GEOGEBRA TEAMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Math Forum is an online resource center for pre-algebra, algebra, geometry and pre-calculus. Its Virtual Math Teams (VMT) service provides an integrated web-based environment for small teams to discuss mathematics. The VMT collaboration environment now includes the dynamic mathematics application, GeoGebra. It offers a multi-user version of GeoGebra, which can be used in concert with VMT’s chat, web browsers, curricula and wiki repository.
On the successful coexistence of oceanographic operational services with other computational workloads

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a case of the implementation of a pan-European operational oceanography service coexisting with non-operative research jobs that are executed on the same computational resources. The complexity of designing a good operational service increases when the resources that will be used are shared with other computational workloads. However, once the implementation is achieved the result is an optimised and robust service. Computational resources and other necessary services are permanently monitored in order to detect and solve potential problems in real-time. These resources can be used by other researchers during the time interval in which they are not needed for this operational service. The goal of this work is to guarantee the time to solution of the operational execution on a shared computing environment without a large impact on the researchers jobs.