jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic Determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii Serum-Associated Adaptive Efflux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen of serious healthcare concern that is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic treatment failure. Recent studies have revealed that clinically defined antibiotic-susceptible strains upregulate the expression of a repertoire of putative drug efflux pumps during their growth under biologically relevant conditions, e.g., in human serum, resulting in efflux-associated resistance to physiologically achievable antibiotic levels within a patient. This phenomenon, termed Adaptive Efflux Mediated Resistance (AEMR), has been hypothesized to account for one mechanism by which antibiotic-susceptible A. baumannii fails to respond to antibiotic treatment. In the current study, we sought to identify genetic determinants that contribute to A. baumannii serum-associated AEMR by screening a transposon mutant library for members that display a loss of the AEMR phenotype. Results revealed that mutation of a putative pirin-like protein, YhaK, results in a loss of AEMR, a phenotype that could be complemented by a wild-type copy of the yhaK gene and was verified in a second strain background. Ethidium bromide efflux assays confirmed that the loss of AEMR phenotype due to pirin-like protein mutation correlated with reduced overarching efflux capacity. Further, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy measures of a fluorophore 7-(dimethylamino)-coumarin-4-acetic acid (DMACA)-tagged levofloxacin isomer, ofloxacin, further verified that YhaK mutation reduces AEMR-mediated antibiotic efflux. RNA-sequencing studies revealed that YhaK may be required for the expression of multiple efflux-associated systems, including MATE and ABC families of efflux pumps. Collectively, the data indicate that the A. baumannii YhaK pirin-like protein plays a role in modulating the organism’s adaptive efflux-mediated resistance phenotype.
[Processes of protein biosynthesis in cardiac muscle and cardioprotective effect of mu-opiate receptor ligands in immobilization stress].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Immobilization stress leads to the increase of 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation in the heart that points to the cardiomyocyte damage. The stress-reaction was accompanied by a decrease of protein synthesis rate in the heart muscle and immunoreactive insulin level in blood plasma and increase of blood plasma cortisol and aldosteron. Pretreatment with agonists mu-opioid receptors DALDA and DAGO (0.1 mg/kg intraperitonealy (i.p.) twice during stress) completely prevented the stress-induction decrease of myocardial protein synthesis rate, heart damage and hormonal imbalance. Cycloheximide administration (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) increased rats myocardial membrane injury during immobilization and reduced cardioprotective effect of DALDA.
Transcriptional activation inDrosophilaspermatogenesis involves the mutually dependent function ofalyand a novel meiotic arrest genecookie monster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In Drosophila spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation are linked by the function of the meiotic arrest genes. The meiotic arrest genes control differentiation by regulating the transcriptional activation of many differentiation-specific genes. The meiotic arrest genes have been subdivided into aly and can classes,based on the mechanism by which they control cell cycle progression.aly has previously been shown to encode a chromatin-associated protein. We present the identification, cloning and characterisation of a novel Drosophila meiotic arrest gene, cookie monster(comr), that has a mutant phenotype indistinguishable from that ofaly. A null mutant allele of comr is viable but male sterile. Mutant primary spermatocytes fail to initiate transcription of a large number of genes, and arrest before entry into the meiotic divisions. In adult males, expression of comr is testis specific, low levels of transcripts are detected at other stages of development. comr encodes a novel acidic protein, which is nuclear and primarily localised to regions of chromatin in primary spermatocytes. The nuclear localisation of Aly and Comr proteins are mutually dependent. Finally, we show that active RNA polymerase II is found in distinct domains in the nucleus that constitute a subset of the total Comr stained chromatin.
Analysis on propagation characteristics of voltage sag through different types of transformers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Transformer is a key factor that can not be ignored in the process of voltage sag propagation. In this paper, the transmission characteristics of voltage sag caused by different types of short circuit are analyzed through the different transfer matrix of transformer with different connection methods, including amplitude change, waveform distortion and phase jump. The distribution network model is established by PSCAD, and the propagation characteristics are verified. The conclusion has certain significance for judging the type of voltage sag from the load side, evaluating the degree of voltage sag, and selecting the treatment measures of voltage sag.
Ernest Bloch's musical style from 1910 To 1929 a shift from Judaic identity to modern identity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the change in Ernest Bloch's musical style between 1910 and 1929. His Jewish heritage was a great source of inspiration for his compositions throughout his lifetime, many of which include elements of Jewish melodies and rhythms and use Biblical and descriptive titles. This is especially true of the large orchestral works of the 1910s written when he was still living in Switzerland. After Bloch came to the United Sates in 1916, his musical style gradually began to change. During the 1920s his role in the classical music field motivated him to accept and apply modern techniques and ambiguous tonalities to his abstractly titled compositions. As a professor and a leader in various music schools, including the David Mannes School, Cleveland Institute of Music, and the San Francisco Conservatory, he composed smaller ensemble works rather than large orchestral works in order for his music to be accessible to students. The paper examines the general stylistic traits of Bloch in this period and discusses, through an analysis of melodic and rhythmic motives and an outline of his application of modern techniques, how his style changed most in his compositions. In conclusion, it suggests possible reasons for this stylistic change.
Effect of administration of leptin on thyroid hormone in oxidative stress induced rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between exogenous leptin and thyroxin on some stress types in rats. In this study 60 male wistar albino rats were divided into two main groups (first was 5 day, and second was 10 day), each one subdivided into six groups (5 rat per subgroup): Control And five treated groups ,which include: Leptin (10 Î¼g/kg leptin, sc. daily), oxidative stress (0.5% H2O2), leptin+ oxidative stress, Diabetes, (induced by single injection of streptoztocin (65 mg/kg bw)), and Leptin + diabetes. At the end of the experiments the blood collected by cardiac puncture under anesthesia. Plasma thyroxin and corticosterone were measured. Our results showed that stress decreases thyroxin level and increases corticosterone level, while leptin treatment reverse these changes.
Poly(diarylfluorene) Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Submicrometer-Scale Morphological Films Induced by Trace β-Conformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The hierarchical structure of light-emitting conjugated polymers (LCPs) is the key factor to dominate the ultrafast photoexcitation dynamic behavior and further control the optoelectronic property of their light-emitting devices. Optimizing the submicrometer-scale structure by conformational transition in the amorphous film state is an effective strategy to improve the excitonic behavior and enhance singlet emission efficiency toward fabricating deep-blue polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Herein, we demonstrate a series of submicrometer-scale morphological films of poly(diarylfluorene) (PODPF) via tuning the formation of a planar (β) conformation and interchain rearrangement under film pre- and post-treatment. Four types of PODPF films are prepared via spin coating, post-solvent vapor annealing (SVA), post-thermal annealing (TA), and pregelation (GEL) processing, which present variable submicrometer-scale morphologies with trace β-conformation. Compared to the relatively amorphous pristine and GEL films with a weak interchain interaction, PODPF@SVA and PODPF@TA films exhibit an excellent anisotropic fluorescence behavior and efficient deep-blue emission, which are closely associated with the trace β-conformation formation. Finally, PLEDs based on the PODPF@SVA film exhibit an excellent deep-blue emission with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.36% and Commission Internationale de l'Elcairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.17, 0.12), which are attributed to the synergistic effect of the formation of the submicrometer structure and trace β-conformation.
Longitudinal control of the lead car of a platoon

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work presented here belongs to the area of Intelligent Highway Vehicle Systems (IHVS). In particular it deals with the scenario where cars move along the highway in tightly spaced platoons. We present the control schemes that perform the major longitudinal tasks that will be required from the lead vehicle of a platoon moving on an automated highway. In particular schemes that maintain safe spacing, track an optimal velocity and perform various maneuvers (forming, breaking up platoons and changing lanes) are described.
“Probable 4R‐tauopathy” criteria in a Corticobasal Syndrome cohort: diagnostic accuracy, clinical, metabolic and volumetric patterns in a multimodal PET/MRI study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neurodegenerative disease related to multiple underlying pathologies, including four‐repeat (4R) tauopathies, namely corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), among others. The Movement Disorders Society‐PSP clinical criteria proposed a diagnostic category “probable 4R‐tauopathy” to include the phenotypic overlap between PSP and CBD. These criteria were specific for 4R‐tauopathies in a previous post‐mortem validation study. We aimed to investigate this proposed criteria in a cohort of patients clinically diagnosed with probable CBS, comparing the CBS‐4R tau group regarding neurological assessment, brain atrophy patterns, functional and disease‐specific imaging biomarkers. Also, we compared this group with CBS patients that matched the clinical research (cr) criteria for CBD. Method Thirty‐two patients diagnosed with probable CBS were prospectively enrolled and clinically evaluated. They were split into those who fulfilled criteria for probable 4R‐tauopathy (CBS‐4RT = 12) and probable CBD (CBS‐CBD = 28). They underwent [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and [11C]Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PIB‐PET) on a hybrid PET‐MRI to assess their amyloid status. PIB‐PET images were classified individually based on visual and 3D‐SSP semi‐quantitative analysis. Quantitative group analyses were performed with SPM12, to check both brain atrophy patterns using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), and regional brain hypometabolism patterns with FDG‐PET. A healthy control group of 30 subjects, matched by age and education, was also included. Result Only one patient classified as CBS‐4RT was positive at PIB‐PET (p = 0.010), compared to 12 among 28 CBS‐CBD subjects (p = 0.458). The CBS‐4RT clinical classification had 52.6% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, and 68.7% accuracy in predicting a negative PIB‐PET result. Also, CBS‐4RT patients presented dysarthria (p = 0.017) and motor perseveration (p = 0.032) more often than the whole group. CBS‐4RT patients showed asymmetric hypometabolism in the inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area, and caudate compared to controls. They also demonstrated brain atrophy in the superior and inferior frontal gyri and basal ganglia. Conclusion The new proposed clinical 4R‐tauopathies criteria demonstrated high specificity to detect amyloid‐negative CBS patients. Patients fulfilling the criteria presented specific metabolic and volumetric patterns. Moreover, they presented clinical characteristics such as dysarthria and motor perseveration previously related to tauopathies.
A Comprehensive multiomics approach towards understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To date, very little progress has been made towards elucidating the genetic causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this project we have performed rare variant association study (RVAS) transcriptomics and metagenomics analyses to focus on areas relatively underexplored in OCD. We have identified and replicated an enrichment of rare variants in TMEM63A, a gene that encodes for a calcium-permeable cation channel, through whole-exome sequencing, RVAS and targeted resequencing analyses. Moreover, we have observed an overrepresentation of genes enriched in rare variants in OCD cases related to calcium signalling. Transcriptomic studies have identified differential expression of genes involved in neuronal development and function in OCD patients. Integration of our RVAS and transcriptomic results also uncover a possible role of semaphorins and axon guidance in OCD. Finally, metagenomics studies have confirmed the previously reported increase of the Rikenellaceae bacterial family in the gut microbiome and have shown a significant higher Actinobacteria/Fusobacteria ratio in the oro-pharyngeal microbiome of OCD cases. Our results actively encourage further research in these areas.
Hidden Markov Model and States Prediction of an Autonomous Wind-Diesel Complex

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of assessing the reliability and analyzing the functioning of an autonomous winddiesel complex, consisting of a wind power plant, working and standby diesel generators, an inverter and a storage battery, is considered. First, a semi-Markov model of an autonomous wind-diesel complex is built, which makes it possible to calculate the stationary and temporal reliability characteristics. Then, on its basis, a hidden Markov model is developed, which is used to solve the problems of predicting and evaluating its characteristics, taking into account the given parameters and the signal vector. The results of the study are obtained in a general form and are invariant with respect to the laws of distribution of random variables describing the elements of an autonomous wind-diesel complex. They allow you to simulate the functioning of the system under various distribution laws, based on statistical data, without modifying the model itself.
Immunogenicity of human spermatozoa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Investigation and experimental design of the study was basically aimed at developing insight into the antigenicity of spermatozoa-associated proteins. Apart from studying the natural antigenicity of washed whole spermatozoa, their immunogenicity was also demonstrated in vitro . The whole live spermatozoa were immobilized and agglutinated in vitro by the antibodies they induced in the laboratory model - a female rabbit. A regular immunization routine induced a high titre of antisperm polyclonal antibodies. To prepare a spermatozoa specific antigen which will not produce a cross-reacting antibody against other human tissues, only the motile and live spermatozoa were selected for antigen preparation. In investigation the laboratory-bred female rabbits were used as the bioactive system of production of antisperm antibody. Agglutination of whole spermatozoa has been observed on slides. The technique though simple is highly eloquent; clumping of spermatozoa confirms the existence of antisperm antibodies in the serum under examination. The results show that nature and pattern of immobilization of active motile spermatozoa are different as observed in different graphs of immobilization. The variation in spermatozoal population in antigen distribution on individual spermatozoa is reflected in different patterns of agglutination.
Maqasid Dimensions of Finance in a Complex World: Methodological Comparison between Islamic and Conventional Economic Literature الأبعاد المقاصدية للتمويل في عالم مركب: مقارنة منهجية بين الأدبيات الاقتصادية الإسلامية والتقليدية

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research reveals two purpose dimensions stemmed from the conventional economic literature: the first (teleonomy) is limited to take the results of the progress through adaptation to the prevailing environment, while the second (teleology) draws attention to the foundations of progress. The first dimension stimulates creativity to take the lead; the second perpetuates imitation and dependency. The research shows that the mimetism which is taken by the mainstream in the Islamic finance industry leads to the opposite of what is intended or announced by the actors, i. e. competing conventional financial products by offering an alternative according to Islamic law. A systemic approach is used in this investigation for the exploration of the epistemological roots of the two major purpose dimensions. Moreover, the complex system analysis is used, through the law of unintended consequences and the fallacy of composition, to highlight the gap between what is claimed and what is applied. يكشف البحث عن بُعْدَين مقاصديين تمخضا عن الأدبيات الاقتصادية التقليدية: يقتصر الأول منهما (teleonomy) على الأخذ بنتائج التقدم من خلال التكيف مع البيئة السائدة، بينما يُوجِّه الثاني إلى الأخذ بأسباب التقدم (teleology). ففي البُعْد الأخير تحفيز على الإبداع والأخذ بزمام المبادرة، وفي الأول تكريس للتقليد والتبعية. ويُبيِّن البحث أن مسلك المحاكاة الذي ينتهجه التيار السائد في الصناعة المالية الإسلامية يؤدي إلى نقيض ما يريده أو يعلن عنه الفاعلون فيه، وهو منافسة المنتجات المالية التقليدية بتقديم بديل منضبط بميزان الشريعة. وقد اعتمد البحث على مقاربة متعددة التخصصات للكشف عن الجذور المعرفية لهذين البُعدين المقاصديين، ثم استخدم النظم المركبة من خلال قانون العواقب غير المقصودة، ومغالطة التعميم لتحليل الفجوة بين المعلن والمطبق من منظور مقاصدي اقتصادي.
Challenges in evaluating the fetal face – diagnosis and management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound assessment of the fetal face represents the first way of interaction of the parents with their unborn baby, therefore this kind of evaluation is gaining followers worldwide, as it is useful in developing a strong maternal-fetal bonding. It is acknow­ledged that an important number of genetic disorders are associated with various degrees of facial anomalies. The ultrasound appearance of the fetal face is influenced by gestational age, as it varies significantly during gestation. In most of the countries, the anomaly scan is performed between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation. Fetal face structures can be assessed by using various reference scanning planes such as axial, coronal, sagittal and oblique views. Due to its importance, most ultrasound societies, including the Romanian Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (SRUOG), have published guidelines in order to standardize the fetal face assessment during the first- and second-trimester screening scan. We present a series of particular cases of fetal facial anomalies diagnosed at first- and second-trimester anomaly scans that certify the need of complying with the protocols for fetal face assessment and also the usefulness of additional techniques for the detection of more subtle findings.
SWiFT Hydraulic System FMEA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is chosen to examine the potential failures of the systems which could result in an overspeed event with a potential for flying debris from the wind turbine blades. The FMEA method was chosen to examine the turbine hydraulic system because two important turbine protective features use hydraulic pressure to function: the blade pitching system, and the brake. The objective of the FMEA was to determine if the two safety features have a likely common failure point, or if the safety systems can be individually credited for protection of the turbine.
Preparation, Moisture Adsorbability and Retentivity of 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan(HACC), a water solube quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan, was prepared by the reaction of chitosan with 2,3 epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride. The content of quaternary cations(R 4N +) determined by the method of colloid titration with polyanion(PVSK) was 3 39 mmol/g, the content and degree of substitution of R 4N + in N atom were 3 07 mmol/g and 58 1% respectively. IR spectra revealed that the most substituents were attached on N atom of chitosan. The moisture adsorbability of HACC was as good as that of hyaluronic acid(HA), the moisture retentivity of HACC was better than that of HA, the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of HACC for staptytococous aureus (ATCC25293) was 625 mg/L.
Fabrication of Off-Axis Parabolic Mirrors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fabrication process is now available that can manufacture focusing mirrors for the 10-kJ laser fusion experiment being conducted by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Techniques have been developed for satisfactory metal preparation, copper electroplating, single-crystal diamond turning, and optical inspection. Fabrication of these mirrors by these techniques, and a post diamond-turning polish, resulted in diffraction-limited optics at a wavelength of 10.6 pm.
Distribution ofIn VitroFermentation Ability of Lacto-N-Biose I, a Major Building Block of Human Milk Oligosaccharides, in Bifidobacterial Strains

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential utilization of lacto- N -biose I (LNB) by individual strains of bifidobacteria. LNB is a building block for the human milk oligosaccharides, which have been suggested to be a factor for selective growth of bifidobacteria. A total of 208 strains comprising 10 species and 4 subspecies were analyzed for the presence of the galacto- N -biose/lacto- N -biose I phosphorylase (GLNBP) gene ( lnpA ) and examined for growth when LNB was used as the sole carbohydrate source. While all strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum , B. longum subsp. infantis , B. breve , and B. bifidum were able to grow on LNB, none of the strains of B. adolescentis , B. catenulatum , B. dentium , B. angulatum , B. animalis subsp. lactis , and B. thermophilum showed any growth. In addition, some strains of B. pseudocatenulatum , B. animalis subsp. animalis , and B. pseudolongum exhibited the ability to utilize LNB. With the exception for B. pseudocatenulatum , the presence of lnpA coincided with LNB utilization in almost all strains. These results indicate that bifidobacterial species, which are the predominant species found in infant intestines, are potential utilizers of LNB. These findings support the hypothesis that GLNBP plays a key role in the colonization of bifidobacteria in the infant intestine.