jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure Matters: Asymmetric CO Oxidation at Rh Steps with Different Atomic Packing

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Curved crystals are a simple but powerful approach to bridge the gap between single crystal surfaces and nanoparticle catalysts, by allowing a rational assessment of the role of active step sites in gas-surface reactions. Using a curved Rh(111) crystal, here, we investigate the effect of A-type (square geometry) and B-type (triangular geometry) atomic packing of steps on the catalytic CO oxidation on Rh at millibar pressures. Imaging the crystal during reaction ignition with laser-induced CO2 fluorescence demonstrates a two-step process, where B-steps ignite at lower temperature than A-steps. Such fundamental dissimilarity is explained in ambient pressure X-ray photoemission (AP-XPS) experiments, which reveal partial CO desorption and oxygen buildup only at B-steps. AP-XPS also proves that A-B step asymmetries extend to the active stage: at A-steps, low-active O-Rh-O trilayers buildup immediately after ignition, while highly active chemisorbed O is the dominant species on B-type steps. We conclude that B-steps are more efficient than A-steps for the CO oxidation.
Wall climbing robot : flying mouse

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this project is to design and build a prototype wall climbing robot (Flying mouse), for using as an entry for Singapore Robot games. A good robot design can increase the inherent ability of the robot to climb complex terrain. It may also lead to better performance and make other issues easier, such as motion planning and control. A three wheeled structure was chosen after consideration of the robot's capability and complexity. The project consists of a research phase in which similar systems have been investigated to help determine a sensible design approach and to establish appropriate design specifications; a design phase in which a prototype was designed to meet the aforementioned specifications; and a construction phase, in which the prototype was built and tested. This document contains: -An overview of prior art related to the development of a new type wall clamping robot for clamping vertical wall and top wall. -A list of specifications and requirements for a prototype of such a rotor, as well as a list of specifications and requirements for a marketable version of the finished product - A summary of the development of two separate designs, three wheel platform design and rotor balance design as well as the principles of operation behind each design -A detailed description of the built prototype and an explanation of the selection process for the components used in the product - A report on the performance of the prototype -Suggestions for future work to develop the product past the prototype phase.
The Development of Prototype Polyclonal Antibody of Receptor Advanced Glycation of Endproducts (RAGE)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. As its name implicates, it can bind to advanced glycation endproducts, the resulting product of non-enzymatic glycosylation, and it also has the ability to interact with multiple ligands having common motifs as a so-called multi-ligand receptor. The ligands include high-mobility group protein (B)1 (HMGB1), S-100 calcium-binding protein, amyloid-Î²-protein, Mac-1, and phosphatidylserine. Interaction between RAGE and its ligands activates various cellular processes, including inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. Methods The proccess of isolation protein of RAGE was initiated with extraction protein and purification of RAGE protein. After that, the immunization of Rats was be done to produce Anti-RAGE. The confirmation of Anti RAGE was be done by SDS PAGE and Immunobloting. Results The production of Anti RAGE was enough pure compared by Anti RAGE commercial. Anti RAGE was protein that have molecular weight around 35 kD. Conclusion The methods that used in this study effective to develop production of anti-RAGE. Keywords : Anti RAGE â€“ Isolation â€“ Production Antibody
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Desa Wisata di Desa Bejijong Kecamatan Trowulan, Kabupaten Mojokerto

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community empowerment can be achieved through various programs, including village tourism programs. The development of village tourism as a community empowerment initiative aims to motivate and empower the local population by managing the potential of their region. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the efforts of community empowerment through village tourism in Bejijong Village, Trowulan Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency. This study employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, literature reviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that efforts to empower the community through the village tourism program in Bejijong Village have had a positive impact. The community has undergone significant changes, such as the formation of previously under-empowered groups and the development of local businesses into educational tourism attractions for visitors.Pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat dicapai melalui berbagai program, termasuk program desa wisata. Pengembangan desa wisata sebagai program pemberdayaan masyarakat bertujuan untuk memberikan motivasi serta menjadikan masyarakat lebih berdaya melalui pengelolaan potensi daerahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui desa wisata di Desa Bejijong, Kecamatan Trowulan, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, kajian literatur, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program desa wisata di Desa Bejijong memberikan dampak positif. Masyarakat mengalami perubahan signifikan, seperti terbentuknya kelompok masyarakat yang sebelumnya kurang berdaya, serta pengembangan usaha masyarakat menjadi wisata edukasi yang menarik bagi wisatawan.
Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Low Back Pain to Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Low back pain is experienced by most of the people at some point of life. In our setting, there are very limited data on low back pain. This study aims to elaborate demographic and clinical profile of patients presenting to outpatient department of Orthopedics, in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital with complaints of low back pain. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 150 patients who presented with complaints of lower back pain in outpatient department of Orthopedics of TU Teaching Hospital from May to November 2019. The demographics including age, gender, occupation, and clinical data- duration of symptoms, body mass index, VAS score and radiculopathy along with Body Mass Index of each patient were recorded in a proforma separately. Results: Out of total 150 patients, male: female ratio was 1:1.9. The average age of patients was 42.1 years. The average height, weight and body mass index of patients were 157 cm, 61.81kg and 24.83kg/m2 respectively. The mean visual analogue score of patients was 5.41. Occupationally, predominant number of patients were housewives (41.3%). Seventy nine patients (52.7%) had low back pain alone. Seventy one patients (47.3%) had low back pain associated with radicular symptoms, out of which 74.6% had unilateral radiculopathy. Conclusion: Low back pain is most commonly seen in fourth decade of life. More females as compared to males are affected with low back pain. The radiculopathy associated with low backache is mostly unilateral.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome in Western industrialised and tropical countries.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: As part of efforts to control Japanese encephalitis (JE), the World Health Organization is producing a set of standards for JE surveillance, which require the identification of patients with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). This review aims to provide information to determine what minimum annual incidence of AES should be reported to show that the surveillance programme is active.METHODS: A total of 12,436 articles were retrieved from 3 databases; these were screened by title search and duplicates removed to give 1,083 papers which were screened by abstract (or full paper if no abstract available) to give 87 papers. These 87 were reviewed and 25 papers identified which met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS: Case definitions and diagnostic criteria, aetiologies, study types and reliability varied among the studies reviewed. Amongst prospective studies reviewed from Western industrialised settings, the range of incidences of AES one can expect was 10.5-13.8 per 100,000 for children. For adults only, the minimum incidence from the most robust prospective study from a Western setting gave an incidence of 2.2 per 100,000. The incidence from the two prospective studies for all age groups was 6.34 and 7.4 per 100,000 from a tropical and a Western setting, respectively. However, both studies included arboviral encephalitis, which may have given higher rather than given higher] incidence levels.CONCLUSION: In the most robust, prospective studies conducted in Western industrialised countries, a minimum incidence of 10.5 per 100,000 AES cases was reported for children and 2.2 per 100,000 for adults. The minimum incidence for all ages was 6.34 per 100,000 from a tropical setting. On this basis, for ease of use in protocols and for future WHO surveillance standards, a minimum incidence of 10 per 100,000 AES cases is suggested as an appropriate target for studies of children alone and 2 per 100,000 for adults and 6 per 100,000 for all age groups. PMID: 18973679 Funding information This work was supported by: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: G116/194
Design and fabrication of a two degree-of-freedom actuator utilizing flexure structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flexure mechanism is widely used in small scale displacement applications as a better alternative of traditional bearing since friction is eliminated from the system. This is due to the no sliding nature of flexure mechanism. The removal of friction from the system helps the output to get to a higher resolution. Limited number of multi DOF small scale actuators has been developed in the recent years to meet the high precision industrial requirement. Among all types of actuators, electromagnetic actuators are chosen to be the driving actuators due to their moderate force sensitivity, long stroke length and low friction nature. However, limited number of studies have been conducted on the multi DOF high precision actuators utilizing electromagnetic actuators and flexure mechanism. In this project, a 2 DOF actuator capable of outputting independent translational and rotational motion utilizing flexure mechanism was designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. The unique design of flexure mechanism, as motion guide and supporting frame, combines translational and rotational motion generated by linear and rotary actuator. The combined motion is output to one shaft in a high precision manner. The design has a linear 7.285mm and rotary 14.42degree workspace at 37.63N force and 0.855Nm torque respectively based on ANSYS simulation. In experiment, the linear and angular displacement is restricted to 2.38mm and 2.34degree respectively due to power supply restriction (only up to 3.2A current). The prototype has shown comparably high repeatability during testing which proves the validity of the flexure mechanism implementation.
Democracy, Dictatorship, and Term Limits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A national constitution or other statute typically specifies restrictions on executive power, often including a limit to the number of terms the chief executive may hold office. In recent decades, however, some presidents of newly established democracies have extended their tenure by various semilegal means, thereby raising the specter—and in some cases creating the reality—of dictatorship. Alexander Baturo tracks adherence to and defiance of presidential term limits in all types of regimes (not only democratic regimes) around the world since 1960. Drawing on original data collection and fieldwork to investigate the factors that encourage playing by or manipulating the rules, he asks what is at stake for the chief executive if he relinquishes office. Baturo finds that the income-generating capacity of political office in states where rent-seeking is prevalent, as well as concerns over future immunity and status, determines whether or not an executive attempts to retain power beyond the mandated period. Democracy, Dictatorship, and Term Limits will appeal to scholars of democratization and executive power and also to political theorists.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME GLADIOLUS VARIETIES IN RELATION TO VEGETATIVE INDICES AND FLORAL QUALITY PARAMETERS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed to analyze and characterize five gladiolus varieties, based on flower quality parameters in relation to some vegetation indices. The studied gladiolus varieties were: 'Plumtart' (Plu), as control variant (Mt), 'Flower Song' (Flo_S), 'Tequendame' (Teq), 'Princess Margaret Rose' (PMR), and 'Praha' (Pra). For the comparative analysis of the five gladiolus varieties, vegetation indices and flower quality parameters were used: vegetation period until flowering (VPuF), plant height (PH), floral stem number (FSN), inflorescences length (IL), flowers number (FN), flowering time (FT), and total vegetation period (TVP). Inflorescences length (IL) recorded values between 30.33 cm for the 'Praha' (Pra) variety and 64.00 cm for the 'Flower Song' (Flo_S) variety. The flowers number (FN) in the inflorescence registered values between 12.50 for the 'Praha' (Pra) variety, and 19.17 for the 'Flower Song' (Flo_S) variety. Flowering time (FT) varied between 24 days for 'Praha' and 'Flower Song' varieties, and 28 days for 'Princess Margaret Rose' and 'Plumtart' varieties. The regression analysis facilitated the obtaining of equations that described the variation of the flowers number (FN) in relation to the flower stem number (FSN), and inflorescence length (IL), respectively the variation of FT in relation to VPuF and FSN, under statistical safety conditions. According to PCA, PC1 explained 90.243% of variance, and PC2 7.3695% of variance. Cluster analysis facilitated the grouping of the studied gladiolus varieties based on similarities in relation to the vegetative indices and floral quality parameters, in conditions of statistical safety (Coph.corr = 0.955).
An integral solution to the flat-plate laminar boundary-layer flow existing inside and after expansion waves and after shock waves moving into quiescent fluid with particular application to the complete shock-tube flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Report presenting a solution to the unsteady two-dimensional laminar boundary-layer flow inside centered expansion waves and behind both centered expansion waves and shock waves using an extension of the Karman-Pohlhausen method. The Prandtl unsteady-boundary-layer equations are also integrated normal to the surface bounding the flow and are transformed into a conical coordinate system. The solution to the two-dimensional unsteady laminar boundary layer existing at all points in an air-air shock tube is obtained using the method.
ChemInform Abstract: New Derivatives of 5‐Nitroorotic Acid, and the Synthesis of 4‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐(N‐methylanilino)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropteridine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the search for a model tetrahydropteridine which is stable in air and soluble in organic solvents, the title pteridine derivative (IX) which shows the expected properties is synthesized.
Al-Ta’ribat Mufradat Modern pada Lingkup IT (Analisis Leksikografi)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to find out broad things about ta'rib/arabization of modern vocabulary absorbed from foreign languages ​​in the scope of IT (Information and Technology) which is reviewed by lexicographic/dictionary analysis. The type of research used in this article is qualitative research using library research methods, namely collecting data and also various information based on literature in the form of journals, research results, other references related to the discussion in this study. As for the results of the research in this article, about 56 Arabic vocabularies were absorbed from foreign languages. There are 7 vocabularies absorbed from foreign languages ​​based on sound. The vocabulary terms contained in Arabic are 49 vocabularies.
CMOS receiver with equalizer and CDR for short-reach optical communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an optical receiver for short reach applications through low-cost plastic optical fiber. The limited bandwidth caused by the fiber and the external photodiode is compensated by a new adaptive equalizer based on the spectrum balancing technique. A clock and data recovery circuit is included that minimizes jitter and metastability using a new multi-level bang-bang architecture. The prototype, implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process, achieves 1.25 Gb/s with a power under 110 mW at only 1 V.
A study of the chemical composition and the biological active components of Nigella Sativa and trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Nigella Sativa (N.S.) is an annual herbaceous plant from Ranunculaceae family producing small black seeds with aromatic odor and taste.Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) , belongs to the subfamily papilionacae of the family Leguminosae (bean family, Fabaceae).The plant is an aromatic herbaceous annual, widely cultivated in Mediterranean countries and Asia.Aim:-to extract and study the biological active components of fixed oils of N.Sativa and Fenugreek seeds.Materials and methods:Fixed oil of the N.S. and the F.S seeds were extracted and characterized using infrared spectroscopic techniques (Tensor27-PRUKER).Biological activity test was applied on the bacteria (Bacillus pumilus, E.coli, and Pseudo M.).Results: Both studied fixed oils showed identical antimicrobial activity.Conclusion:-this study showed an identical similarity between the active biological components of both studied materials (N.Sativa and Fenugreek seeds) in spite of their different botanical origin, leading to a matched biological activity.This finding may be useful in replacing one herbal seeds instead of the other according to their availability when applying these seeds for their known therapeutic uses.
Prospective evaluation of the risk of bacteremia associated with transesophageal echocardiography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Transient bacteremia may lead to endocarditis in patients with significant valvular lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Because transesophageal echocardiography selects a patient population with a high prevalence of valvular lesions, we prospectively evaluated the risk of transient bacteremia associated with transesophageal echocardiography in 49 patients. Blood cultures were obtained immediately before transesophageal echocardiography and at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after the start of the procedure. For each culture, 30 ml venous blood was obtained and 10 ml was inoculated into each of an Isolator tube, Septi-chek bottle, and a nonvented Trypticase soy broth bottle. Broth cultures were incubated for 14 days. Blood from the Isolator tube was plated onto appropriate media for recovery of bacteria and fungi. Two patients were excluded from analysis because the final two sets of blood cultures could not be obtained. Among the remaining 47 study patients, two preprocedure control blood cultures were positive, and two of 141 subsequent cultures were positive. All isolates were considered contaminants. Thus, we found no significant bacteremia due to pathogenic oral flora during transesophageal echocardiography (0%; 95% CI, 0.0-7.5%). CONCLUSIONS Although recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for transesophageal echocardiography should be individualized for each patient, many patients may not require antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Preparing expert witness documents to support earthquake affected insurance policy holders in Christchurch, New Zealand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Canterbury earthquake series resulted in an unprecedented claim for damages from both home owners and commercial property owners. This has led to a high number of court cases and created a specialised industry within the expert witness profession. The quality of these experts is drawn from all levels within the building industry. These range from builders, construction experts such as project and construction managers, ground penetrating radar practitioners, architects, designers and owners to engineers, including civil, structural and geotechnical, to name but a few. This paper outlines what type of information is reviewed and how this information has been typically documented for the court when reviewing an insured policy holder’s entitlement to either repair or rebuild their building. Expert witnesses are required when settling such claims, as both sides will have a different opinion.
A Fire Incident Whilst Handling an Oxygen Cylinder: Preventive Measures and Recommendations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare fires have always been one of the major internal hazards and an oxygen-rich environment further aggravates these threats. The present case study reports such a fire incident in an Advanced Trauma Centre of a tertiary care hospital in North India wherein a tiny spark generated while handling an oxygen cylinder a health care worker got caught in a fire blaze. Fortunately, the flare was controlled within no time due to prompt action by a fellow HCW, and a major unexpected incident was averted. A formal investigation conducted by a team of experts ascertained that oxygen enrichment from leaking equipment, improper handling, and repeated striking of cylinder regulator by the spanner which attained the required threshold temperature was the probable cause for the onset of a flare. Henceforth, to mitigate such incidents users shall follow manufacturer recommendations, and ensure only safe and suitable components are used as part of a compressed oxygen system. Maintenance of cylinders, valves, and regulators should be done periodically to mitigate the risks of such incidents. All hospitals shall carry out risk-assessment exercises and provide oxygen safety training to all healthcare staff.