jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Model and Stochastic Exposure (Dose) Estimation for Relative Exposure Risk Comparison Involving Asbestos‐Containing Dropped Ceiling Panel Installation and Maintenance Tasks

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Assessing exposures to hazards in order to characterize risk is at the core of occupational hygiene. Our study examined dropped ceiling systems commonly used in schools and commercial buildings and lay‐in ceiling panels that may have contained asbestos prior to the mid to late 1970s. However, most ceiling panels and tiles do not contain asbestos. Since asbestos risk relates to dose, we estimated the distribution of eight‐hour TWA concentrations and one‐year exposures (a one‐year dose equivalent) to asbestos fibers (asbestos f/cc‐years) for five groups of workers who may encounter dropped ceilings: specialists, generalists, maintenance workers, nonprofessional do‐it‐yourself (DIY) persons, and other tradespersons who are bystanders to ceiling work. Concentration data (asbestos f/cc) were obtained through two exposure assessment studies in the field and one chamber study. Bayesian and stochastic models were applied to estimate distributions of eight‐hour TWAs and annual exposures (dose). The eight‐hour TWAs for all work categories were below current and historic occupational exposure limits (OELs). Exposures to asbestos fibers from dropped ceiling work would be categorized as “highly controlled” for maintenance workers and “well controlled” for remaining work categories, according to the American Industrial Hygiene Association exposure control rating system. Annual exposures (dose) were found to be greatest for specialists, followed by maintenance workers, generalists, bystanders, and DIY. On a comparative basis, modeled dose and thus risk from dropped ceilings for all work categories were orders of magnitude lower than published exposures for other sources of banned friable asbestos‐containing building material commonly encountered in construction trades.
Study on the fresh-keeping effects of calcium propionate(from Oyster shells) on Tilapia meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fresh-keeping effects of calcium propionate from Oyster shells were researched on tilapia meat.Through measuring the total bacterial count,pH value,content of total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),TAB and sensory evaluation,the fresh-keeping effects of distilled water and different concentrations of calcium propionate on tilapia meat were investigated respectively during storage at 4℃.The results showed that the calcium propionate had apparent fresh-keeping effects on tilapia meat and the effects were enhanced with the concentration increasing,and the 5% concentration was better.This study could reduce the waste of Oyster shell resource and improve the shelf life of tilapia meat.
Parallel techniques for virtual cell

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Virtual Cell is a simulation package created by the National Resource for Cell Analysis and Modeling (NRCAM). It enables users to model cell biological processes [J.C. Schaff et al. (2001)]. The core of the Virtual Cell is solving a system of PDEs. Sequential runs of the Virtual Cell can take large amounts of time and hence parallelization is needed. In this paper we present a parallel implementation of a model that is inspired by the one-dimensional version of the Virtual Cell. Our experimental results show that this parallelization is quite effective. In particular, the speedups we obtain are good implying that the parallel techniques employed could improve the performance of the Virtual Cell.
Tympanic Membrane Metalloproteinase Inflammatory Response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine whether expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in tympanic membranes (TM) is stimulated by host tumor necrosis factor‐± (TNF‐±) and bacterial toxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which may play a role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. STUDY DESIGN Gerbil TMs (n = 48) were cultured in the presence of either TNF‐± or LPS. Quantitative analysis of TNF‐± and MMPs was performed on both the homogenized TMs and the culture media supernatant. RESULTS Levels of TNF‐± and MMPs did not increase significantly in TMs with exposure to inflammatory mediators. TNF‐± levels in supernatant were elevated ( P < 0.007) with more concentrated LPS exposure. Supernatant levels of MMP2 were increased ( P < 0.007) at most concentrations of LPS and TNF‐±. CONCLUSION Cultured TMs expressed MMPs in response to bacterial and host inflammatory mediators. These findings support a link between inflammation and the secretion of potentially destructive MMPs in the TM, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.
Mesh node placement in wireless mesh network based on multiobjective evolutionary metaheuristic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To achieve important properties of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) such as coverage and reliability, the placement of mesh nodes plays an important role. The impact of the mesh node placement on the performance of WMNs has been carried out in the past years. To improve such properties, we propose a novel scheme for mesh node placement in WMNs. We have developed a multi-objective optimisation model for node placement where the coverage, reliability and the total installation cost in terms of nodes to be deployed are the three objectives to optimise simultaneously. We first applied the two well-known evolutionary algorithms, namely the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to generate the number and positions of the communication nodes. Subsequently, we developed algorithms that determine the cluster formation, gateway selection and relay nodes selection. The results showed satisfactory performance.
Factors affecting Japanese retirees' healthcare service utilisation in Malaysia: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective While living overseas in another culture, retirees need to adapt to a new environment but often this causes difficulties, particularly among those elderly who require healthcare services. This study examines factors affecting healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia. Design We conducted 6 focus group discussions with Japanese retirees and interviewed 8 relevant medical services providers in-depth. Guided by the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model, we managed and analysed the data, using QSR NVivo 10 software and the directed content analysis method. Setting We interviewed participants at Japan Clubs and their offices. Participants 30 Japanese retirees who live in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh, and 8 medical services providers. Results We identified health beliefs, medical symptoms and health insurance as the 3 most important themes, respectively, representing the 3 dimensions within the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model. Additionally, language barriers, voluntary health repatriation to Japan and psychological support were unique themes that influence healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees. Conclusions The healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia could be partially explained by the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model, together with some factors that were unique findings to this study. Healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia could be improved by alleviating negative health beliefs through awareness programmes for Japanese retirees about the healthcare systems and cultural aspects of medical care in Malaysia.
Supplementary Data from Two-Stage Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Intratumoral Reovirus Type 3 Dearing and Palliative Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Two-Stage Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Intratumoral Reovirus Type 3 Dearing and Palliative Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Cancers
Comparison of American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Stage T2a Versus T2b Urothelial Carcinoma: Analysis of Patient Outcomes in Organ Confined Bladder Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this series no significant difference was noted in overall, disease specific and recurrence-free survival when comparing lymph node negative pT2a vs pT2b urothelial cancer of the bladder following radical cystectomy. Future revisions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system may consider simplifying pathological staging by consolidating these substages.
End-Organ Deafness: Diagnosis and Significance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The differential diagnosis of lesions of the inner ear and of the acoustic nerve is often difficult and uncertain. Any means of clarifying the problem merits attention. The value of carefully interpreted tests of hearing has been emphasized in recent years. Study of the results of tests of hearing has led to the concept of end-organ deafness as an entity which may be distinguished from deafness of neural origin. The term "end-organ deafness" is widely accepted in current literature, replacing the terms "cochlear deafness," "inner ear deafness," and "inner ear conduction deafness." Mygind1in 1947 presented a classification of deafness which recognized the division of perceptive deafness into two groups: that of end-organ origin, which Mygind referred to as humoral, and that of nervous origin (Table 1). Other observers had previously described various phenomena now associated with end-organ deafness. Ménière2in 1861 called attention to bass deafness in
Psychosocial Issues

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article uses a version of the vulnerability-stress model to examine psychosocial factors related to the onset, course, and treatment of schizophrenia. High-risk studies, most of which study offspring of a schizophrenic parent, suggest that signs of vulnerability to the disorder may emerge in early to middle childhood in neuromotor integration, attentional and information-processing abilities, and deviant social behavior. It is still not clear that these markers are specific to the subsequent development of schizophrenia. The evidence for stressful family relationships as potentiators of the disorder in vulnerable off-spring is also reviewed. Although few studies are available that bear directly on this issue, the preliminary evidence suggests that further investigation is warranted. Stressors, particularly those arising from within the family, are also examined as they relate to the course of schizophrenia. The data on expressed emotion (EE) have been replicated more often than not, although the origins of high EE attitudes are not precisely understood. These attitudes do not arise as reactions to the form or severity of a relative's disorder, but they may relate to the length of time between initial onset of the disorder and first hospitalization. Family-based intervention programs, overlaid on regular antipsychotic drug treatment, appear to reduce the risk for relapse in the short-term. At least one of the mechanisms of action of these programs is to reduce the negative affective climate in the family.
Instrumentation: Powerful microprocessors and standard buses help advance modular card instrumentation; meanwhile bench test equipment gets new features

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The trend toward digital processing in test instrumentation continues unabated. Advances in the performance of microprocessors and the linkage of personal computers and workstations to instrumentation in 1985 increased not only data acquisition capability, but also the processing and analysis power of the instruments themselves. Powerful 16-bit processors-for instance, Motorola's MC6800 family-have allowed complex data analysis software to be built into instruments, often with user interfaces that are similar to those of personal computers. Improvements made to oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and in-circuit emulators are discussed.
On Pinning Group Consensus for Second-Order Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the group consensus issue in HMAS (heterogeneous multi-agent systems), where the dynamics of HMAS consist of both nonlinear and linear second-order agents. We propose a protocol with pinning control for achieving group consensus in HMAS. By employing graph theory, the Lyapunov technique, Lasalle's invariance principle, and other mathematical approaches, we establish that under certain conditions, group consensus among all agents in the HMAS is guaranteed. Finally, we provide a detailed simulation example to verify our findings.
Mechanisms of plant growth promotion of Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 and potential effects on soil microbial communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a heterogeneous group of soil microbes that confer beneficial effects to plants. Recent interest in sustainable and organic agriculture has highlighted the potential uses of PGPB as agricultural adjuncts. Currently, PGPB are used to increase crop yield and productivity. Substantial work has been done on the active metabolites secreted by PGPB that drive plant growth. However, little is known about their effects on the global transcriptome of the host plant. P. chlororaphis PA23 is a gram-negative bacterium that has shown great potential as a plant growth promoting agent. Using a combination of next-generation RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, the mechanisms that underlie P. chlororaphis PA23 induced growth in Brassica napus seedlings were investigated. The results showed that P. chlororaphis modulates plant phytohormone signaling systems resulting in elevated expression levels of genes associated with photosynthesis and root hair development. Next, the scalability of P. chlororaphis PA23 as an agricultural adjunct with a Glycine max field study was investigated. An increase in soybean pod set following P. chlororaphis PA23 treatment was observed, suggesting plant growth-promoting activity under field conditions. To determine the effects of P. chlororaphis PA23 on the microbial communities found in the soil, a combination of marker-based sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were utilized. Here I report that the addition of P. chlororaphis PA23 does not alter the bacterial or fungal species diversity. Furthermore, I report that the community composition within the rhizosphere does not change in response to P. chlororaphis PA23. This research provides the necessary information for the development of P. chlororaphis PA23 as an agricultural adjunct and lays the foundation for multi-year field studies that integrate the utilization of P. chlororaphis PA23 as a PGPB.
Towards Recycling Cost Modelling Framework for Carbon Fibre Composites

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental legislation puts more pressure on solving carbon fibre composites (CFC) waste management through recycling and reuse. Despite their superior properties, CFC creates environmental issue when it reaches its end of life. The aim of this paper is to to provide a framework that represents the first step towards the development of a cost modelling framework for recycling CFC materials. The focus is the mechanical and thermal (Pyrolysis) recycling process. The activities and the tasks related to each recycling process are presented. The research has been accomplished by embracing a qualitative research plan consisting of five phases. To enhance understanding of the parameters affecting the cost of the recycling process, the major and detailed cost drivers are recognised. The developed costing framework has been implemented in an IT-based cost estimation tool for easy handling and calculation of the cost parameters. This tool identifies all tasks and activities related to the two recycling processes.
The allocation of Pasifika identity in New Zealand classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Recent curriculum development in New Zealand has included an emphasis on the notion of developing students, identity. This presents a dilemma for New Zealand teachers who are working in an education system where diversity is acknowledged and valued in curriculum documents but who are living in a society where fragmentation, confusion, and even hostility exists towards pluralism. Introductory comments to The New Zealand Curriculum include a pronouncement that, "The New Zealand Curriculum is a clear statement of what we deem important in education" (p. 4). Both the vision for young people and the principles, which embody what is important and desirable in the curriculum, detail the hope that students can clarify their own identities in relation to their particular heritages and that they are positive in their own identity (Ministry of Education, 2007). This paper examines the way in which New Zealand teachers have interpreted and addressed the concept of identity in their classroom programmes. It presents an analysis of qualitative data collected in interviews with Year 7 and 8 teachers. Drawing on findings from this study, the author details four categorisations of teacher type: the cultural provider; cultural mediator; cultural transmitter; and cultural popularist. These categorisations underscore teacher choices and practices related to the affirmation of identity. The article argues that teachers allocate rather than affirm a form of identity to their students and that this choice has significant implications, particularly for Pasifika students in New Zealand classrooms.
[Standard training and certification of clinical geneticist in the United States].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

随着对遗传性疾病表型认识的不断深入以及高通量基因组检测技术在临床的推广应用，亟需建立起规范化的医学遗传学专科和相关专职体系，为遗传病患者及其家属提供高质量的诊疗和咨询服务。该服务需由临床遗传专科医师(Clinical Geneticist)、遗传诊断实验室主任(Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory Director)和遗传咨询师(Genetic Counselor)三方密切合作、共同完成。本文在简要阐明三方角色定位的基础上，详细介绍了美国临床遗传专科医师的培训及认证。
Study on Extraction Technology for Polysaccharides in Pitaya Flower

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hot water was used for extracting polysaccharide from pitaya flower.Heating temperature,the ratio of solid to liquid,and heating time were three factors used separately in single factor test to analyze the influence of various factor on extraction efficiency.Orthogonal experiment design L9(33)was applied to optimize the extraction parameters.The results showed that,with ratio solid∶liquid in 1∶35and extraction temperature at 90℃for 3h,the best extraction efficiency of polysaccharides from pitaya flower was obtained for 55.87mg.g-1.
The realization of cross-identification based on huge multi-wavelength catalog data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Many astronomers need some catalogs to choose source candidates,do identification and research.At present,some large data centers aboard provide such services as catalogue query,multiple source query (i.e.cross-identification of small sample) and visualization.However,with the increase of observational data and the arrival of the whole wavelength astronomical era,the present services can not meet some requirements from astronomers.We review the services of data centers abroad,put new problems and raise a set of solutions. The realization of the cross-identification of two random catalogues and huge catalogues,the classification of the result of cross-identification,and free choice of parameters so on are all emphasized.
Alexithymia among finnish male prisoners

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alexithymia, the inability to identify and express emotions, and emotional repression, a defensive mechanism used to avoid unpleasant emotional experience, have been associated with chronic pain and medical illness including breast cancer, but whether these constructs might predict pain after breast cancer surgery has not been assessed. The present study was conducted to assess the predictive value of alexithymia and emotional repression in postoperative pain. Anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, and psychological adjustment were also assessed. Data were collected before surgery, and then at 2 days and 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. We included 100 pain-free women, 96% of whom were followed for up to 12 months. Separate multivariate analyses identified anxiety as a significant predictor of postsurgical pain at 3 months, alexithymia at 3, 6, and 12 months, and body image and catastrophizing predicted acute or subacute pain at 2 months. In contrast, emotional repression was not predictive of pain. The generalized estimating equation approach was used and identified alexithymia as the only significant predictor of pain during the 12-month period after surgery. Alexithymia, but not emotional repression, predicted the development of persistent pain after breast surgery independently of anxiety and depression. Thus, alexithymia might be involved in mechanisms of pain chronicity.This prospective study, conducted in women with breast cancer surgery, showed that alexithymia but not emotional repression predicted postsurgical pain. These results highlight the role of dysfunction in emotional processing in the development of postsurgical pain.
Density, Viscosity, and Conductivity for the Binary Systems of Water + Dual Amino-Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The density, viscosity, and conductivity were investigated for binary mixtures of water and three ionic liquids (ILs), respectively: (3-aminopropyl) tributylphosphonium L-alpha-aminopropionic acid salt ([aP(4443)][Ala]), (3-aminopropyl) tributylphosphonium L-alpha-aminoisovaleric acid salt ([aP(4443)][Val]), and (3-aminopropyl) tributylphosphonium L-alpha-amino-4-methylvaleric acid salt ([aP(4443)][Leu]). The mole fractions of water increased from 0.00 to 0.75, and the temperature varied from (298.15 to 343.15) K. It was found that the viscosity decreased while conductivity increased with the increase of temperature and water content. As the alkyl side-chains of the amino acid anions which might play a role of steric hindrance were lengthened, the density (rho), viscosity (eta), and conductivity (sigma) follow the order of rho([aP4443][Ala]) > rho([aP4443][Val]) > rho([aP4443][Leu]), eta([aP4443][Ala]) < eta([aP4443][Val]) < eta([aP4443][Leu]), and sigma([aP4443][Ala]) > sigma([aP4443][Val]) > sigma([aP4443][Leu]), respectively. The temperature-dependent density is fit for the quadratic equation. The temperature dependence of viscosity and conductivity can be described by the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation.