jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Finding ‘A Heart to Continue:’ A study of constructive-developmental diversity and academic literacy learning experiences in the adult English as a Second or Other Language (ESOL) classroom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Developing academic literacy skills is becoming increasingly high-stakes for Adult Basic Education (ABE) English as a Second or Other Language (ESOL) learners to accomplish goals like passing the General Education Diploma (GED) test or preparing for post-secondary. ESOL literature suggests that academic literacy development is not only a language issue, but a cognitive and academic phenomenon. Related to an adult learner’s cognitive and academic learning is stage of epistemological complexity. Theories of adult epistemological development, including constructive-developmental theories, are based on empirical research demonstrating that the logics through which adults construct meaning can continue to develop over time following predictable patterns, moving hierarchically toward increasingly complex ways of meaning-making. Constructive-developmental research has shown that development shapes qualitatively distinct ABE/ESOL learning experiences, and native English speaker writing maturity; however, few if any studies have investigated the relationship between development and adult ESOL academic literacy learning. Using Robert Kegan’s Constructive-developmental Theory (CDT), which derives from Western psychology but has been used in previous studies with non-Western and ABE/ESOL populations, this qualitative case study explores the academic literacy learning experiences of nine ABE/ESOL learners in a college and career preparation class. The data include two semi-structured qualitative interviews and class observations. Analysis includes the dual lenses of grounded theory and CDT. Findings suggest that developmental perspectives, ranging from “instrumental” to “socializing” and “transitioning toward self-authoring,” made a qualitative difference in how ABE/ESOL learners experienced and engaged with academic literacy learning. Notably, instrumental learners demonstrated what looks like struggle, but from their developmental perspective represents a logical pathway toward success as they defined it. By contrast, learners transitioning toward self-authoring brought unique learning agendas and capacities for self-monitoring. This study concludes with recommendations for supporting and challenging ABE/ESOL learners who are linguistically, culturally, academically, and less visibly but critically, developmentally diverse.
Failure to confirm evidence for existence of two populations with duodenal ulcer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Failure to confirm evidence for existence of two populations with duodenal ulcer A previous study on 339 patients attending a gastrointestinal unit suggested that patients with duodenal ulcer could be divided into two types.1 2 The distinction was based on maximal acid secretion and apparent differences in the prevalence of several clinical features, particularly family history, bleeding and perforation, and ABO blood grouping.In a further series of two groups of 100 patients referred consecutively to the same unit, however, no such distinction could be made.The results of this further study are presented here. Methods and results
Fermented oat milk as a base for lactose-free sauce

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. We studied the use of fermented oat milk to produce sauce and evaluated its properties. The research was motivated by the current demand for so called “plant milk” commonly perceived as an alternative to cow’s milk. Study objects and methods. The experimental samples were produced from oats-based drinks (1.5 and 3.2% fat) fermented with starter cultures of lactic acid microorganisms following the guidelines for yoghurt production. Apple pectin was used as a thickener. Rheological studies were performed using an RM-1 rotational viscometer and a CT-2 texture analyzer according to the standard methods. Sensory evaluation was based on a scoring scale. Physicochemical parameters were determined according to generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. Oat milk was fermented to produce a sauce base. Acid accumulation increased throughout fermentation up to 135–137°T. Apple pectin (3%) was added to stabilize the structure and ensure the desired consistency. Higher concentrations of pectin increased the hardness and adhesive strength of the samples from both 1.5 and 3.2% oat milk. The 1.5% sauce scored highest in the sensory evaluation. Its physicochemical indicators met the standard requirements for related fermented milk products. We found the best consistency indicators at a pectin concentration of 3%. Conclusion. The new fermented sauce based on low fat oat milk (1.5% fat) had high consumer appeal as well as physicochemical, sensory, and rheological characteristics. The sauce can be used by people with lactose intolerance and vegetarians.
Function of a Chemotaxis-Like Signal Transduction Pathway in Modulating Motility, Cell Clumping, and Cell Length in the Alphaproteobacterium Azospirillum brasilense

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A chemotaxis signal transduction pathway (hereafter called Che1) has been previously identified in the alphaproteobacterium Azospirillum brasilens e. Previous experiments have demonstrated that although mutants lacking CheB and/or CheR homologs from this pathway are defective in chemotaxis, a mutant in which the entire chemotaxis pathway has been mutated displayed a chemotaxis phenotype mostly similar to that of the parent strain, suggesting that the primary function of this Che1 pathway is not the control of motility behavior. Here, we report that mutants carrying defined mutations in the cheA1 (strain AB101) and the cheY1 (strain AB102) genes and a newly constructed mutant lacking the entire operon [Δ( cheA1-cheR1 )::Cm] (strain AB103) were defective, but not null, for chemotaxis and aerotaxis and had a minor defect in swimming pattern. We found that mutations in genes of the Che1 pathway affected the cell length of actively growing cells but not their growth rate. Cells of a mutant lacking functional cheB1 and cheR1 genes (strain BS104) were significantly longer than wild-type cells, whereas cells of mutants impaired in the cheA1 or cheY1 genes, as well as a mutant lacking a functional Che1 pathway, were significantly shorter than wild-type cells. Both the modest chemotaxis defects and the observed differences in cell length could be complemented by expressing the wild-type genes from a plasmid. In addition, under conditions of high aeration, cells of mutants lacking functional cheA1 or cheY1 genes or the Che1 operon formed clumps due to cell-to-cell aggregation, whereas the mutant lacking functional CheB1 and CheR1 (BS104) clumped poorly, if at all. Further analysis suggested that the nature of the exopolysaccharide produced, rather than the amount, may be involved in this behavior. Interestingly, mutants that displayed clumping behavior (lacking cheA1 or cheY1 genes or the Che1 operon) also flocculated earlier and quantitatively more than the wild-type cells, whereas the mutant lacking both CheB1 and CheR1 was delayed in flocculation. We propose that the Che1 chemotaxis-like pathway modulates the cell length as well as clumping behavior, suggesting a link between these two processes. Our data are consistent with a model in which the function of the Che1 pathway in regulating these cellular functions directly affects flocculation, a cellular differentiation process initiated under conditions of nutritional imbalance.
Microbial Spoilage of Fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microbial spoilage is the most common cause of post-harvest loss in fruits worldwide. Many environmental factors act as driving forces for microbial spoilage. Although, fruits contain natural microbiota and their count ranges from 102 to 107 colony-forming units (CFU) per gram, but they do not cause any spoilage in fresh fruits. Microorganisms responsible for spoilage contaminate fresh fruits at various stages from harvesting to processing and this contamination goes on spreading from fruit to fruit, if it is not taken care while processing and storage. Microbial spoilage causes physiological changes in fruits by increasing respiration rate and ethylene production, whatever may be the storage condition. Rotting is the typical examples of microbial spoilage occurring in fruits during storage. A number of preharvest and postharvest factors play their role in microbial spoilage of fruits. Pre-harvest factors include pruning, training, use of fungicides, methods of harvesting, and so on while as postharvest factors include proper handling, transportation, quality of water used for processing and so on.
Research on Risk Identification System Based on Random Forest Algorithm‐High‐Order Moment Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the continuous development of the stock market, designing a reasonable risk identification tool will help to solve the irrational problem of investors. This paper first selects the stocks with the most valuable investment value in the future through the random forest algorithm in the nine‐factor model and then analyzes them by using the higher‐order moment model to find that different investors’ preferences will make the weight of the portfolio change accordingly, which will eventually make the optimal return and risk set of the composition of the portfolio change. The risk identification system designed in this paper can provide an effective risk identification tool for investors and help them make rational judgments.
Unaffiliated voters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to the conventional wisdom, political parties are hurt by unaffiliated voters (those who are not registered as Democrats or Republicans). These independents are irresponsible and unpredictable. Recent election law reforms throughout the country have encouraged affiliation by restricting voting in a primary to party members. This study examines the effect of the closed primary system in Connecticut. Research found that since the advent of the primary, the proportion of voters registered as unaffiliated has undergone a steady decline. But the decline in the proportion unaffiliated, however, does not appear to have strengthened partisan commitments. Rather it has changed the meaning of unaffiliated registration. In the past unaffiliated voters tended to be Democrats. Today they are equally likely to be either party.
Determination and analysis of sex ratios in heme oxygenase 1 gene targeted mouse embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Heme oxygenase 1 or Hmox1 enzyme is involved in catalyzing the first and rate‐limiting step in heme breakdown reactions. Many studies have reported a partial lethality of Hmox1 knockout mice obtained from heterozygous breeding pairs. Similar results were obtained in our transgenic mice colony and a sex specific bias was observed in the favor of males in the adult mice. Hmox1 independent factors which could have caused this bias were initially analyzed and it was found that those factors were not a reason behind this anomaly. Certain studies involving gene knockout hinted toward a prenatal or neonatal lethality of female knockout mice embryos or pups, respectively. In order to check if this bias was occurring in embryonic stages, that is, either if mutant female embryos were dying or if heterozygous mothers were not carrying embryos to term, we analyzed the sex‐ratios in mid‐ and late‐gestational ages (9.5–13.5 dpc and 14.5–18.5 dpc, respectively). Our results did not indicate any significant difference in the sex ratios in embryonic stages; hence, it was concluded that females are not dying in embryonic stages. It can be speculated that these deaths were probably occurring at neonatal age. More studies are required to confirm that the lack of Hmox1 gene products is the sole reason for this female lethality.
Managerial skills and competencies in New Zealand organisations: a cause for concern

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study has investigated the perception by New Zealand (NZ) managers of the relative importance of the skills and competencies they have and how they might go about acquiring those they perceive they need. Although there are a considerable number of studies on managerial skills and competencies, the literature is still inconclusive and much of it does not refer specifically to NZ. Therefore, the study undertook an online survey using a pre-structured questionnaire to collect primary data from managers of NZ firms. The results show that NZ managers rate interpersonal skills and communication skills higher than coaching and technical skills, and that they view ‘on the job experience’ as their primary source for up-skilling. Those who use training providers to up-skill prefer private to government-owned providers. The key attributes most favoured by managers are honesty, integrity and trustworthiness, with creativity the least favoured. It is a cause for concern to the future development of NZ firms that managers appear to place so little value on creativity. Therefore, study suggests that owners and directors should encourage their managers to consider creativity as a necessary attribute for enhancing innovation and competitiveness. The findings of this study may be of interest to managers, firms, training providers, researchers, and policy makers.
Association of plasma acylation stimulating protein and leptin with insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the levels of plasma acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and leptin and elucidate the correlations among ASP,leptin,HOMA-IR in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Thirty-nine women with PCOS were divided into obese PCOS group and nonobese PCOS group and forty-two healthy menstrual age women were divided into obese group and normal weight group.Plasma ASP and leptin were respectively measured by ELASA and RIA.Plasma glucose was determined by glucose oxidase technique and insulin by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.HOMA-IR was calculated.Results ①Compared with normal weight controls,the concentrations of plasma ASP were significantly higher in the other three groups (P0.01);the levels of leptin were significantly higher in both obese and obese PCOS groups than in normoweight controls(P0.05;P0.01),but not in nonobese PCOS group(P0.05);compared with normal weight controls,HOMA-IR was significantly higher in nonobese and obese PCOS groups(P0.05;P0.01).②In PCOS,ASP correlated positively with FIns and HOMA-IR(r=0.284,P=0.04;r=0.297,P=0.03);leptin correlated positively with BMI,FIns and HOMA-IR (r=0.677,P0.01;r=0.609,P0.01;r=0.588,P0.01);no correlation between ASP and leptin was found(r=-0.043).Conclusions Insulin resistance exists and plasma ASP level elevates in patients with PCOS.ASP and leptin may both relate with insulin resistance in PCOS.
Detection of Protein-Bound Amino Groups in Plant Tissue by Schiff Base Formation and Azo Coupling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This account pertains to the detection of protein-bound amino groups in fresh, freehand sections of bean cotyledons. Two separate reagents were used: (A) p-aminobenz-aldehyde and (B) p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Both of these compounds, by virtue of their free aldehyde groups, condensed with native amino groups to form their respective Schiff bases. The free amino groups of the resultant Schiff base with reagent A were diaz-otized and coupled with an arylamine, whereas the Schiff base produced in the sections treated with reagent B was treated with nitrous acid to yield its nitroso derivative which was finally coupled with H acid to produce a purple-red dye.
(Un)Conditional surrender? Why do professionals willingly comply with managerialism Mats Alvesson

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the question – why do professionals surrender their autonomy? This paper looks at the case of academics, in particular business school academics. It traces how this group of professionals have progressively surrendered their autonomy and complied with the demands of managerialism. Design/methodology/approach – This largely theoretical paper looks to develop an understanding of (over)compliance with the bureaucratization of research using the four faces of power – coercive, agenda setting, ideological and discursive. Findings – The discussion of this paper argues that the surrendering of autonomy has been reinforced through coercive forms of power like rewards and punishment and bureaucratization; manipulation and mainstreaming through pushing a particular version of research to the top of the agenda; domination through shaping norms and values; and subjectification through creating new identities. Originality/value – The paper explores how academics deal with tensions and paradoxes such as compliance and resistance, as well as love of work and loathing of it. To deal with these paradoxes, academics often treat their work as a game and see themselves as players. While this process enables academics to reconcile themselves with their loss of autonomy, it has troubling collective outcomes: the production of increasing uninteresting and irrelevant research.
$\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$ in heavy ion collisions -- new results and prospects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

So far light-by-light scattering ($\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$) was not accessible for experiments because the corresponding cross section is rather low. Measurements of diphotons in ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs) of lead-lead have been reported recently by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. Our theoretical results based on the equivalent photon approximation in the impact parameter space are in good agreement with the current data. We will discuss how to extend such studies to lower $\gamma\gamma$ energies where photoproduction of pseudoscalar and scalar resonances contribute to the two-photon final state. In addition, we consider the dominant background that arises from $\gamma\gamma$ fusion into pairs of neutral pions. Such $\pi^0$-pairs contribute to the background when only two of the four decay photons are within the experimental acceptance, the other two photons escape undetected. We will discuss in detail how to reduce the unwanted background. We will present differential distributions and total cross section in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.05$ and $5.52$ TeV and cross section for Ar-Ar collisions at the energy equal to $6.3$ TeV. Results for ALICE and LHCb acceptance will be presented.
Mechanistic Study of Water Droplet Coalescence and\nFlocculation in Diluted Bitumen Emulsions with Additives Using Microfluidics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Synthetic crude oils\nderived from mined oil sands processed via\nthe Clark hot water extraction process do not meet current specifications\nfor pipeline transport and are corrosive to upgrader equipment by\nvirtue of the high residual water content (2–5%) and salts.\nFormulated chemical additives used in this process can improve the\noil quality by accelerating and enhancing the separation of water\nfrom oil. The identification and selection of these formulated additives\nis typically based on performance data collected in field testing\nfor each component or blend. Herein, two methods are reported to study\nthe effect of chemical additives on the phase separation behavior\nof water in diluted bitumen emulsions prepared in microfluidic devices.\nFirst, water droplets in diluted bitumen were created in the presence\nof chemical additives and the kinetics of droplet coalescence were\ncompared for various additives and concentrations. Second, using a\ncustom-made device geometry, water droplets in diluted bitumen were\nformed and aged prior to the addition of chemical additives. The treated\ndroplets were observed to calculate the kinetics of droplet coalescence.\nThe frequency of coalescence events was the same order of magnitude\nin both studies. The effectiveness of various additives can be determined\nby measuring the coalescence time, which is dominated by film drainage\nin the case of the best chemical additives.
Study on the antigenic determinants of trichosanthin fragments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The antigenic determinants of Trichosanthin (TCS) were studied using cyanogen bromide cleavage of TCS and immunoblotting technique. 21 McAbs prepared against TCS could be divided into 5 groups according to the patterns of their reactivities with CNBr-fragments of TCS (CBTf1-4). (1) 7 antibodies bind to CBTf 1;(2) 2 antibodies bind to CBTf2;(3)2 antibodies bind to CBTf 4;(4)7 antibodies are cross-reactive with these fragments; (5) 3 antidodies bind to none of 4 fragments. Using two fragments CBTf1 and CBTf2 as competitors in a ELISA competition test, quantitative determination of antigenicity of TCS fragments by 4 McAbs to native TCS has shown that the maximal amount of bound antibody for CBTf1 with 2 McAbs reached 50% and for CBTf2 with another McAb nearly 50%. From these data, we concluded that TCS fragments have kept antigenic determinants as native TCS and it is very essential for us to study the structure-function relationship of TCS.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt as treatment for perilymphatic fistula: a report of six cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report six cases of perilymphatic fistula in patients who received ventriculoperitoneal shunts as part of their final mode of therapy. The last of our 6 patients actually received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt as her initial mode of therapy. All but one had benign intracranial hypertension. All six felt better (less disequilibrium, tinnitus, and pressure and occasional hearing improvement) after LP with removal of 15-20 ml of cerebrospinal fluid.
Clinical importance of median mandibular flexure in oral rehabilitation: a review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Summary The mandible has a property to flex inwards around the mandibular symphysis with change in shape and decrease in mandibular arch width during opening and protrusion of the mandible. The mandibular deformation may range from a few micrometres to more than 1 mm. The movement occurs because of the contraction of lateral pterygoid muscles that pulls mandibular condyles medially and causes a sagittal movement of the posterior segments. This movement of mandible can have a profound influence on prognosis and treatment outcome for various restorative, endodontics, fixed, removable and implant‐related prosthesis. The review unfolds the causes, importance and clinical implications of median mandibular flexure in oral rehabilitation. This review also highlights the appropriate preventive measures and techniques that should be adopted by clinicians to minimise the effect of flexural movement of the jaw during oral rehabilitation. This would not only help clinicians to achieve a good prosthesis with accurate fit and longevity but also maintain the health of the surrounding periodontal or periimplant gingival tissues and bone.