jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High density printing paper quality investigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Light has been used to examine the quality of the products or surface finishing of most products by the industries in recent times. In this research, a lab module tester was designed and built to investigation on the different type of printing paper quality which available commercially was done. Laser light was utilized as a manipulator to distinguish the quality of printing paper and the light reflectance element was used. The photodiode was used as sensing element to detect the reflected light from the surface of printing paper. The both of laser diode and photodiode were placed in a light box. The laser was used to emit light on the sample and the photodiode detects light intensity from the surface printing paper in the light box. Different level of intensity correlates to different voltage output. The investigation on the different type of printing paper including of 70 g/m 2 , 80 g/m 2 and 100 g/m 2 were done respectively. The result showed that the 100 g/m 2 printing paper has a higher reflected voltage output compared to 80 g/m 2 and 70 g/m 2 printing paper.
α-((2,6-Dichlorobenzoyl)oxy)methyl and (Acyloxy)methyl Ketone Moieties

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The enzyme-binding mode of a series of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors has been analysed on the basis of the crystal structure of the complex between hICE and tetrapeptide aldehyde. The conformation of these ligands were explored by performing molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ps. The conformation adopted by these inhibitors was very similar to and could be superimposable onto the regions of crystal structure. The active and the low energy conformers were docked either by grid or manually into the binding site. The analysis of the resulting model indicated that O-benzylacyl group of aspartyl hemiacetals interact with Cys285 and the large substituents: semicarbazone, 2,6-bis(tr ifluoromethyl) benzoate, other leaving groups of (acyloxy)methyl and α-((2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)oxy)methyl ketone ser ies of P1 site protrude from the surface of Cys285 and interact with Val338, which is located below the binding pocket. The hydrogen bonding interaction between -NH of semicarbazone and Cys285 seems to have significant role. The total potential energy including intermolecular interaction energy, consisting of van der Waals and electrostatic energies were calculated. The resulting model is qualitatively consistent with the reported e xperimental data and can be useful for the design of more potent inhibitors of ICE.
Virtual Combinatorial Library Screening of Quinadoline B Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The unprecedented global health threat of SARS-CoV-2 has sparked a continued interest in discovering novel anti-COVID-19 agents. To this end, we present here a computer-based protocol for identifying potential compounds targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Starting from our previous study wherein, using a virtual screening campaign, we identified a fumiquinazolinone alkaloid quinadoline B (Q3), an antiviral fungal metabolite with significant activity against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, we applied in silico combinatorial methodologies for generating and screening a library of anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates with strong in silico affinity for RdRp. For this study, the quinadoline pharmacophore was subjected to structural iteration, obtaining a Q3-focused library of over 900,000 unique structures. This chemical library was explored to identify binders of RdRp with greater affinity with respect to the starting compound Q3. Coupling this approach with the evaluation of physchem profile, we found 26 compounds with significant affinities for the RdRp binding site. Moreover, top-ranked compounds were submitted to molecular dynamics to evaluate the stability of the systems during a selected time, and to deeply investigate the binding mode of the most promising derivatives. Among the generated structures, five compounds, obtained by inserting nucleotide-like scaffolds (1, 2, and 5), heterocyclic thiazolyl benzamide moiety (compound 3), and a peptide residue (compound 4), exhibited enhanced binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, deserving further investigation as possible antiviral agents. Remarkably, the presented in silico procedure provides a useful computational procedure for hit-to-lead optimization, having implications in anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery and in general in the drug optimization process.
Tatin et al. NEXT_RAW DATA.xlsx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An new in vitro approach on dedicated biochip to quantitatively and simultaneously measure the capacity of four DNA repair pathways that support DNA double Strand Breaks. This multiplex enzyme assay characterizes DSB repair pathways in lysates prepared from untreated and treated (DNA repair inhibitiors and/or genotoxic agent) cell lines, to assess basal activities and responses to drugs, respectively. The technology quantifies the incorporation of different markers on two dedicated plasmids immobilized on biochip. The combination of which reflects the activity of 4 DSB repair pathways. The total fluorescence intensity (FI) of 4 technical replicates was quantified and the mean of these 4 replicated was calculated for each pathway. Results are expressed as Fluorescence intensity. The mean of three biological replicates was also calculated.
Influence of Pingwei Powder on Rat Model of Gastric Mucosal Injury and its Mechanism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the influence of Pingwei powder on the rat model of gastric mucosal injury and its mechanism.Methods A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Pingwei group,ranitidine group(n=10).The gastric mucosal injury model was established.The general manifestation,gastric mucosal damage index,serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-4 levels were observed and compared.Results The gastric mucosal injury index,IL-6 and TNF-α of rats in model group were all significantly higher than rats in the normal group(P0.01),IL-4 levels were significantly lower than rats in the normal group(P0.01).The general manifestation of ranitidine group and Pingwei group were better than the model group,gastric mucosal injury index was significantly lower than the model group(P0.05),and the index of Pingwei group was lower than the ranitidine group(P0.01).Compared with the model group,IL-6,TNF-α levels in Pingwei group were significantly lower(P0.01),while IL-4 level was significantly increased(P0.01),but TNF-α of rats in the ranitidine group had no significant change(P0.05).Conclusion Pingwei powder has a good therapeutic effect on rats with gastric mucosal injury,and the mechanism may be relate to inhibit the body's inflammatory response and the release of IL-6,TNF-α,increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines' levels,which promote the balance of inflammatory mediators/anti-inflammatory media.
The Effect of Planting on the Volatility of Grain Futures Prices

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Existing literature on commodity futures price volatility emphasizes time to expiration and the resolution of uncertainty. This paper stresses the supply and demand infexibilities arising from decision making. A decision made on the supply (demand) side makes future supply (demand) responses less elastic. Therefore, a shock arising after a decision is made is more effective in changing the futures price than a shock before the decision is made. The results support the maturity hypothesis but do not conflct with the state variable hypothesis of futures price volatility.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets Of Propranolol Hydrochloride

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study in the development of sustained release matrix tablets of anti-hypertensive drug propranolol hydrochloride. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K100M used as a rate retarding polymer where as lactose and dibasic calcium phosphate are used as diluent. The effects of the proportion of the polymer and the influence of co-excipients like lactose and dibasic calcium phosphate on the release rate of drug was investigated. The results of the present study point out that the rate of propranolol hydrochloride release from HPMC K100M matrices are mainly controlled by the drug – HPMC ratio. When the influence of excipients on the release of drug was examined, the excipients lactose enhanced the release rate of propranolol hydrochloride, however the dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP) demonstrated slower release rate. The prepared sustained release matrix tablets were evaluated for various parameters like hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, uniformity of drug content, invitro drug release and short term stability studies. The dissolution t 50% and t 90% values for the co-excipients were in the order of lactose>dibasic calcium phosphate.
Macromolecular organization of human centromeric regions reveals high-frequency, polymorphic macro DNA repeats.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To analyze the macromolecular organization of human centromeric regions, we used alpha-satellite, or alphoid, repetitive DNA sequences specific to the centromeres of human chromosomes 6 (D6Z1), X (XC), and Y (YC-2) and the technique of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Genomic DNA from 24 normal, unrelated individuals was digested and separated into fragments ranging from 23 kilobases (kb) to 2 megabases (Mb) in length. Digestion with 12 different restriction enzymes with 4- to 8-base-pair recognition sequences and hybridization with alphoid sequences revealed chromosome-specific hybridization patterns. Similarities in the organization of the centromeric regions of the three chromosomes included NotI, SfiI, and SalI fragments of greater than 2 Mb and Sau3A1 and Alu I fragments of less than 150 kb. Each restriction enzyme with a 6-base-pair recognition sequence (Ava II, BamHI, HindIII, Hpa I, Pst I, Sal I, Sst I, and Xba I) detected polymorphic DNA fragments of 50 kb to 2 Mb. Forty percent or more of the individuals screened revealed a unique hybridization pattern with these enzymes and at least one of the three chromosome-specific alphoid probes. Five individuals differed from one another in hybridization pattern for each of the three enzymes HindIII, HpaI, and SstI and for each of the three centromeric probes. All 24 individuals could be distinguished on the basis of unique hybridization patterns with only two enzymes and one chromosome-specific alphoid probe. Family studies showed that these polymorphisms are inherited. The high frequency of these macro restriction fragment length polymorphisms illustrates the high degree of variability of the centromeric region among normal individuals and demonstrates its usefulness for DNA fingerprinting and pericentromeric mapping by linkage analysis.
Pagan ritual and monotheism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Quarrels and Divisions of Religion were Evils unknown to the Heathen. The reason was because the Religion of the Heathen consisted rather in Rites and Ceremonies than in any constant belief. For you may imagine what kind of Faith theirs was when the chief Doctors and Fathers of their Church were the Poets.Francis Bacon, 'Of Unity in Religion' (1622)
Using Worst Case Discharge (WCD) Estimations to Prevent Underground Blowouts After Well Capping

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As part of post-blowout contingency planning, it is mandated by U.S. laws to perform "worst case discharge" (WCD) flowrate and volume calculations a-priori to spudding an offshore well. During well capping attempts following loss-of-well-control, an underground blowout (tensile-fracture initiation) may occur, leading to reservoir hydrocarbons broaching the seafloor. To prevent such scenarios, WCD estimations coupled with critical discharge flowrates, used in order to assess potential capping stack (CS) shut-in strategies vis-à-vis the number of shut-in steps and their duration. Development of workflows for calculating the critical discharge flowrate, below which fracture initiation takes place during post-blowout capping, also used to determine the optimal CS shut-in strategy. Assuming a robust casing architecture, the casing shoe depth is the primary line of defense against loss of control-induced fracturing. Fracture initiation and subsequent broaching, although narrowly avoided during the Macondo disaster, is a real possibility in overpressurized, stacked sequences encountered in deepwater drilling operations Reservoir depletion models are coupled with wellbore geomechanics to derive closed-form expressions for critical discharge flowrates used to indicate whether the wellbore pressure buildup induced by a specific CS shut-in schedule will exceed the local fracture initiation pressures. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the impacts of several in-situ geomechanical parameters, acting as independent variables, along with the casing-shoe depth. Hence, basin-agnostic physics-based models can be derived that describe the dependency of the critical-discharge-flowrate values on parameters (such as the number of steps and the time duration-per-step of the CS shut-in), controlled by these practitioners on the surface are presented. These models can assist contingency planning via comparisons between these critical discharge flowrate values (variable with respect to the extent of the post-blowout reservoir depletion and casing-shoe depth) and the law-mandated, pre-spudding WCD estimates with the help of modern data analysis tools for building useful tables and figures.
“Ports in France: what port strategy for business development?” Sophie Cros and Florence Lerique, ed. Eska, France, 2021

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Port strategy remains a topical issue in the 21st Century more than ever. The French ports have been subjected to 40 years of successive reforms with modest achievements compared to other European ports. Beyond the diagnosis, the book “Ports in France: what port strategy for business development?” aims to analyse the key determinants of a successful port strategy, how a dynamic port strategy can foster territorial attractiveness and more globally, how this strategy can be embedded in a comprehensive economic development policy. To do so, different professional experts and academics with complementary backgrounds contemplate the main French ports’ challenges. Divided into four parts, this very interesting book deals with the context of French ports, their key stakes as regards logistic coordination, regulatory framework and economic and societal aspects.
Rethink the Connections among Generalization, Memorization and the Spectral Bias of DNNs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over-parameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) with sufficient capacity to memorize random noise can achieve excellent generalization performance, challenging the bias-variance trade-off in classical learning theory. Recent studies claimed that DNNs first learn simple patterns and then memorize noise; some other works showed a phenomenon that DNNs have a spectral bias to learn target functions from low to high frequencies during training. However, we show that the monotonicity of the learning bias does not always hold: under the experimental setup of deep double descent, the high-frequency components of DNNs diminish in the late stage of training, leading to the second descent of the test error. Besides, we find that the spectrum of DNNs can be applied to indicating the second descent of the test error, even though it is calculated from the training set only.
Language Impediment and Polyglot Actors in Yoruba Native Film

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the Yoruba Nollywood film industry, there is a crop of non-native actors who are fluent in their native language and also conversant in the Yoruba language.These actors fail to articulate the level of believability in indigenised Yoruba cultural films, due to the linguistic impediment of their native language in the required diction of cultural films.This paper refers to them as polyglots and discusses their inability to acculturate linguistically in culture-based films through characterisation, diction, gesticulations and socio-cultural nuances.This paper, therefore, explores the inadequacy of language delivery due to linguistic impediment of the native language of select polyglot actors in Yoruba Nollywood films as a hindrance to adequate interpretation of Yoruba language.Three non-native actors in native Yoruba films were studied, and their linguistic performances were content analysed in line with the impediment of their mother tongue.The paper adopts the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura, which identifies the impact of language on the audience, and sees the actor as a part of models to either elevate or denigrate ethical values of language in society.The research is premised on Qualitative method of research in analysing the visual film materials to identify linguistic strength and deficiency of the Yoruba language in performance.Findings show that actors who underplay nativity through language undervalue linguistic appreciation of the audience, and also reduce the cultural values the films are meant to propagate.
Mentoring and the emotions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on data from nine secondary school mentor teachers, the authors explore the emotional aspects of mentoring. Embracing a view of 'cool' professionalism, the mentors hid from their interns the intensity and complexity of their work as mentors. The authors argue that to maximize the value of mentoring neophyte teachers should be given a glimpse into its difficulty as part of engaging in rich conversations about teaching and learning.
The reciprocal activity of the ipsilateral gluteus maximus and contralateral latissimus dorsi muscles : its role in unilateral sacroiliac joint syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent years, sacroiliac syndrome has been widely accepted by many different health professions as one of the major contributors to low back pain. Manipulation to effect the relief of the condition has thus far proven to be one of the most effective methods. Comparatively little research has however been done on the different forms of physical therapy that can be used in conjunction with a manipulation so as to maximise its affect
Disproportionate reduction in tryptic response to endogenous compared with exogenous stimulation in chronic pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The secretin-pancreozymin (SP) and Lundh-Borgström (meal) tests were compared in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis (CP). A range of normal values for each test was obtained in a control group of 22 patients without pancreatic disease. Seventeen patients with CP were given the tests on separate days. The peak concentration of bicarbonate after secretin was reduced in 14 of these 17 patients, post-secretin bicarbonate output fell in 13, while peak tryptic activity (PTA) in duodenal juice after pancreozymin was below normal in 10; the overall incidence of abnormal results in SP tests was 88%. The mean tryptic activity (MTA) in a two-hour collection of duodenal juice after the test meal was reduced below normal in 16 of the 17 patients. In the control group PTA after pancreozymin was closely similar to MTA after the test meal, but in the patients with CP MTA was significantly less than PTA. PTA and MTA correlated significantly in both the control and CP groups, and the slopes of the two regression lines were not significantly different. In each patient with CP the tryptic response to the test meal was only a third of the tryptic response to intravenous pancreozymin. This disproportionate reduction in tryptic response to endogenous compared with exogenous stimulation in CP accounts for the high success rate of the meal test, which equalled the SP test. The Lundh-Borgström test is a sensitive indicator of CP and is within the resources of most hospitals. The SP test is better suited to specialist centres and may provide valuable additional information in individual cases.
USING GENERALIZABILITY THEORY AS A FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMING MEASUREMENT ISSUES IN MIDDLE SCHOOL SETTINGS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are situations within middle school settings where measurements of students and teachers are used for high-stakes decisions. For example, student performance is used as an indicator of teacher quality or determines student eligibility for particular types of support services. Given the high-stakes nature of these types of assessments, understanding the strengths and limitations of the measurement is essential. Generalizability theory is a method to help better understand reliability and can be used to inform and improve measurement issues in middle school settings. The purpose of this article is to create a more informed consumer of measurement issues in middle school settings by focusing on the reliability of a particular measurement scenario: observation of middle school teacher behaviors. Teacher observations might be conducted by other teachers, principals, or other administrators or researchers as one indicator of instructional quality. We describe how a 1-facet crossed design and 2-facet crossed design can be applied to different observational protocols and offer considerations for those interested in conducting a generalizability study. We emphasize that no single design will apply to all generalizability studies and findings for a particular observational measure will not necessarily generalize to other observational measures. Instead, the researcher must consider the purpose and use for their particular observational measure.
Simulations of intense relativistic electron beam generation by foilless diodes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Foilless diodes used to produce intense annular relativistic electron beams have been simulated using the time-dependent, two-dimensional particle-in-cell code CCUBE. Current densities exceeding 200 kA/cm/sup 2/ have been obtained in the simulations for a 5 MeV, 35 ..cap omega.. diode. Many applications, including microwave generation, collective ion acceleration and high-density plasma heating require a laminar electron flow in the beams. The simulation results indicate that foilless diodes immersed in a strong external magnetic field can achieve such a flow. Diodes using technologically achievable magnetic field strengths (approx. 100 kG) and proper electrode shaping appear to be able to produce beams with an angular scatter of less than 35 mrad at the current densities and energies mentioned above. Scaling of the impedance and temperature of the beam as a function of geometry, magnetic field strength and voltage is presented.