jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Model of Armed Criminal Group with Pre-emitive and Repressive Intervention

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Armed Criminal group is one of the problems faced by many countries in the world. Awful behaviour of armed criminal group members can affect a large amount of people. In this paper, we construct a deterministic mathematical model that takes into account persuasive and repressive intervention. We consider crime as a social epidemic. We determine the armed criminal group free equilibrium point and the armed criminal group persistence equilibrium point together with their existence condition. The next generation matrix is used to obtain the basic reproduction number. The local stability conditions of equilibrium points are proved using linearization. We show that the armed criminal group free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable under certain condition. Numerical simulations are performed to support our deductive study.
Peer Review #2 of "The antioxidative properties of S-allyl cysteine not only influence somatic cells but also improve early embryo cleavage in pigs (v0.1)"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In vitro cultivation systems for oocytes and embryos are characterised by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be balanced by the addition of suitable antioxidants.S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a sulfur compound naturally occurring in garlic (Allium sativum), which is responsible for its high antioxidant properties.In this study we demonstrated the capacity of SAC (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) to reduce levels of ROS in maturing oocytes significantly after 24 (reduced by 90.33%, 82.87% and 91.62% respectively) and 48 hour (reduced by 86.35%, 94.42% and 99.05% respectively) cultivation, without leading to a disturbance of the standard course of meiotic maturation.Oocytes matured in the presence of SAC furthermore maintained reduced levels of ROS even 22 hours after parthenogenic activation (reduced by 66.33%, 61.64% and 57.80% respectively).In these oocytes we also demonstrated a growth of early embryo cleavage rate (increased by 33.34%, 35.00% and 35.00% respectively).SAC may be a valuable supplement to cultivation media.
Population structure analysis - utilization of three different genetic systems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The analysis of population structure of seven rural communities from the island of Krk involved the investigation of its genetic constitution and genetic structure, as well as the comparison of different sets of genetic, cultural and geographic data. Genetic constitution was estimated based on the allelic frequencies of three different genetic systems (9 tetranucleotide STR loci, 3 HLA class I loci, 5 HLA class II loci and 5 red blood cell enzyme and serum protein loci). Genetic structure was analysed based on the coefficients of genetic diversity GST and genetic kinship RST. Population structure was assessed either by analysing the structure of mutual relationships of genetic, cultural and geographic matrices through Mantel's test, or by assessing the relationship between genetic and cultural measures of and/or similarity and geographic by regression analysis of the by distance model. Whereas one group of genetic markers (red blood enzymes, serum proteins and HLA polymorphisms) reflects heterogeneity of the studied rural communities (as an echo of important historical processes and migration patterns), the second group of genetic markers (STR polymorphisms) reflects the currently observed genetic homogeneity of the rural population from the island of Krk. The observed statistically significant positive correlation between the matrices of genetic (HLA) and linguistic distances indicate their possible co-evolution under conditions of genetic isolation (low gene flow). Furthermore, the observed statistically significant negative correlation between the matrices of genetic (STR) distances and the migration kinship of the 2nd and the 3rd cohort indicate temporal coincidence between genetic constitution and structure assessed from STRs and migration patterns in the period between 1892 and 1940. Finally, the observed statistically significant positive correlation between the matrices of genetic (STR) and geographic distances indicate isolation by distance.
Myocardial ischemia during intravenous DSA in patients with cardiac disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective study was performed for 48 patients who had histories of angina and were referred for digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cardiac disease was graded according to the American Heart Association (AHA) functional classification system. Each patient received 2-5 injections of 40-ml diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Renografin-76, Angiovist-370, or MD-76) at 15 ml per second in the superior vena cava. Of the 28 patients in functional Classes I or II (no or slight limitation of activity), 11% had angina and 32% had definite ischemic ECG changes after the DSA injections. Of the 19 patients in functional Class III (marked limitation of activity), 63% had angina, and 58% had definite ischemic ECG changes after the injections. One patient in functional Class IV (total disability) developed ventricular fibrillation after the second injection. These observed cardiac effects following bolus injections of hypertonic ionic contrast media indicate that special precautions are necessary when performing intravenous DSA examinations on this group of high risk patients.
iDSI Health Technology Assessment Toolkit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An accessible resource for technical staff working in health policy keen to build Health Technology Assessment (HTA) processes in their own countries, developed in consultation with end users. The Toolkit document is broken down into ‘building blocks’, enabling readers to develop their understanding of: setting the scene for HTA; compiling the best HTA evidence; HTA as an inclusive process; building capacity to support HTA; ensuring political commitment; and setting up a transparent and consistent process. Staff from ministries of health, health insurers and other health agencies helped contribute to the development of iDSI’s HTA Toolkit by reviewing proposed content on the building blocks of a sustainable and locally relevant HTA mechanism for priority setting. After the evaluation of detailed feedback on content from 23 reviewers iDSI set out to produce a Toolkit that met the needs of the intended audience (to inform technical staff in ministries of health in low and middle income countries about HTA processes and institutions); was understandable and written with clarity; and provided useful resources and country information.
Classification of expansive soils in arid regions Thermogravimetric investigation of smectite content

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The clay type and clay fraction of arid soils can have a considerable influence on their physical behaviour. Thermogravimetric analysis is proposed as a technique of considerable potential in identifying both the clay minerals and their quantities. The technique is described and methods of interpretation are briefly discussed by reference to an example of the analysis applied to an Australian clay.
Perdeuteriated organic compounds. II. Normal-chain satured deuteriocarbons

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Incubation at 340/sup 0/C of sodium n-tetracosanoate in deuterium oxide and the presence of sodium deuterioxide, deuterium-reduced Adams catalyst and deuterium peroxide resulted in a whole series of normal-chain saturated deuteriocarbons C/sub 13/-C/sub 23/ and perdeuteriated monocarboxylic acids C/sub 12/-C/sub 24/. Reaction mechanisms responsible for the formation of perdeuteriated fatty acid homologoues and of deuteriocarbons are outlined.
10.1063/5.0107209.1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As key structures in medical technology, soft robotics, and flexible electronics, the mechanical behavior of island-bridge structures has drawn great attention among the scientific community. However, the bending instability properties of island-bridge structures are still unclear, which hinders their function realization and design. Herein, the bending behavior of the island-bridge structure is comprehensively explored by experiment, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. It is found that the island-bridge structures can produce upward or downward morphologies under the bending loads, which is attributed to the coupling effect of combined loadings on the upper films. The bending morphology and the critical load can be well tuned by changing the corresponding material and geometric parameters or introducing creases in the upper film. The results should be of significant importance for the development of flexible electronics, soft robots, and biomedical engineering and enrich our knowledge of the mechanical properties of the island-bridge structure.
Supramolecular organic frameworks of cucurbit[n]uril-based [2]pseudorotaxanes in the crystalline state

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three novel supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) were constructed from cucurbit[n]uril-based [2]pseudorotaxanes by orthogonal and/or parallel π–π interactions between 4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium units. In the crystal structure, [2]pseudorotaxane (CB[6]·1) formed an interwoven Chinese knot-like framework with high thermal stability.
Automatic Generation of Stippling Illustrations from two Photographs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>In this paper we present a software tool that is able to reconstruct the depth field of the objects from two photographs and to obtain a pseudo 3D model. Using this information our system is able to difference background from foreground, and therefore, what are the interesting elements in the photographs and stipple them in different ways.<br />This tool needs almost no user interaction. The user simply has to align both photographs and indicate the level of detail according to the distance. The rest is decided by our software. Whereas a professional illustrator needs more than 20 hours to finish a similar illustration, our software is able to do it in just few seconds.</p>
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CROSS-SHORE PROFILE EVOLUTION USING OPENFOAM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, an innovative numerical approach was developed coupling two models in order to simulate the wave propagation over a sloping beach and the sediment transport in surf and swash zones. The first model, synthesized on the basis of OpenFOAM (version 2.4.0) is used to describe the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow and the wave propagation while the second one is applied for the sediment transport and erosion/deposition prediction using the results of the first model. The method above constitutes an iterative procedure which is tested hereby and seems to yield satisfactory numerical results in comparison with experimental data (Dette 1998).
Fabrication of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold for microtia reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibrin gel-based scaffolds have promising potential for microtia reconstruction. Autologous chondrocytes and chondrocyte cell sheets are frequently used seed cell sources for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the aesthetic outcome of chondrocyte-based microtia reconstruction is still not satisfactory. In this study, we aimed to fabricate the chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold for microtia reconstruction. We designed a unique auricular mold that could fabricate a fibrin gel scaffold resembling human auricle anatomy. Primary chondrocytes were harvested from rabbit auricular cartilage, and chondrocyte cell sheets were developed. Chondrocyte-microtissues were prepared from the cell sheets. The mixture of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues was laden in fibrin gel during the auricular scaffold fabrication. The protrusions and recessed structure in the auricular scaffold surface were still clearly distinguishable. After a one-week in vitro culture, the 3 D structure and auricular anatomy of the scaffold were retained. And followed by eight-week subcutaneous implantation, cartilaginous tissue was regenerated in the artificial auricular structure as indicated by the results of H&E, Toluidine blue, Safranin O, and type II collagen (immunohistochemistry) staining. Protrusions and depressions of the auricular scaffold were slightly deformed, but the overall auricular anatomy was maintained after 8-week in vivo implantation. Extracellular matrix components content were similar in artificial auricular cartilage and rabbit native auricular cartilage. In conclusion, the mixture of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold showed a promising potential for cartilaginous tissue regeneration, suggesting this as an effective approach for autologous chondrocyte-based microtia reconstruction.
Chromosome structure and function in man

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Provisional maps are given for the two smallest autosomes (chromosomes 21 and 22) at pachytene in the human male. The longer of the two consists of 10 chromomeres in a standard sequence of various sizes, and the shorter one of 6 such chromomeres, including in each case the large terminal chromomere within which the centromere is located. With increasing compaction many of the details of these chromomere patterns disappear. Nevertheless, the two bivalents remain distinguishable from each other by their having, in addition to the large terminal chromomere, three and two major markers, respectively. Maps are given both at the extended and compacted stages.
College Intervention Programs and their Effects on the Physical Health of College Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obesity and poor health rates in this country have been a problem for years and there has been much research to show how physical activity can be a solution for this problem. Much research has been done on physical activity programs and their benefits to different populations, but specifically not much has been done in the question of college students. During these years' adolescents are vulnerable to weight gain and negative health outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this synthesis was to review the literature on college physical activity programs and the – physical health benefits for college students. Research has shown that college intervention programs have helped to change student's nutrition behaviors but has failed to have an effect on physical activity behaviors or weight loss. With that being said, there needs to be further work done in regards to finding factors that create the most efficient program that can successfully increase student’s physical activity and decrease their weight giving the student a healthy life at school and for their future.
[Emotional states of mothers and behavior of the child during minor surgery].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objectives of this descriptive correlational study were to measure the degree of fear-anxiety in mothers and in their children who were having minor surgery, and then to verify if there was a relationship between these two variables. Other variables examined were: child's age, rooming-in, premedication and child's experience with surgery. Fifty (50) mothers described their emotional states both on the day before and during the surgery. Fifty (50) children between the ages of two (2) and ten (10) years old were observed at five different times (one hour preoperatively, leaving for the OR, pre-induction, coming back to the room and one hour post-operatively). Their behaviours were noted on a new scale, the ECEO: Echelle des comportement de l'enfant opéré. This scale was developed to describe the behaviour of children experiencing fear, anxiety and pain. Results show that the mother's fear-anxiety score was significantly higher during the surgery than before it (t df.49 = 3.77, p < 0.001). Rooming-in significantly affected mothers' emotional states (F = 4.07, p < 0.05). Younger children were more affected than older ones; they also showed more distress when the mother was present (t df.49 = 5.31, p < 0.001). Rooming-in contributed significantly to the child's stress score; children whose mother roomed-in at least one night showed more distress behaviours than children whose mothers did not room-in (t df.48 = 2.03, p < 0.05). A correlation was found between the degree of mothers' fear-anxiety and the children's fear-anxiety-pain score or distress behaviours (r = .28, p < 0.05). A strong relationship was established between the total distress score of the child and his or her score when the mother was present (r = .81, p < 0.01). These results support the theory of social referencing: the child is influenced greatly by the mother's emotional state and he refers to her for the interpretation of events provoking anxiety. Therefore, nurses should inform and support mothers, especially those who are rooming-in; they should also make more use of parents in the preparation and the management of the child for surgery. The development and validation of an instrument measuring fear-anxiety-pain in younger children will facilitate evaluation of the effect of surgery or other procedures on the child, and the planning adequate interventions.
[Experimental study of the anatomical-physiological basis for pulmonary circulation shunting in extensive lung resections].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bilateral extensive resections of lungs resulted in the development of stable pulmonary arterial hypertension, its degree correlating with the duration of the postoperative observation. Continuous hypertension in the pulmonary artery system is responsible for destructive changes in the intrapulmonary vessels and lung parenchyma promoting elevation of the vascular resistance in the small circuit and increased load to the right ventricle which further leads to decompensation of the cardio-pulmonary system. The author has shown that creation of extrapulmonary arterio-venous anastomosis in major lung resections can prevent the overloading of the right ventricle in the postoperative period, makes better conditions for compensatory changes in the remaining lung tissue without developing fibrosis.
Signal transduction by glycophorin A: role of extracellular and cytoplasmic domains in a modulatable process.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Binding of ligands to the extracellular region of the erythrocyte transmembrane protein glycophorin A induces a decrease in membrane deformability. Since the property of membrane deformability is regulated by the skeletal proteins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, this suggests that ligand binding may initiate a transmembrane signal. To further study this process, we examined which domains of the extracellular region of glycophorin are involved in signal transduction and whether the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule is necessary for transmitting the signal. Using the ektacytometer, we compared the effect on deformability of four monoclonal antibodies that detect different epitopes on glycophorin A. We found that 9A3 (which recognized the amino terminus of glycophorin) caused a 5.8-fold increase in rigidity, R-10 and 10F7 (which recognized epitopes in the mid-region of the extracellular domain) caused a 10.8-fold increase in rigidity and B14 (which binds to glycophorin close to the membrane) caused a 18-fold increase in rigidity. Further, a direct relationship was observed between the degree of antibody-induced rigidity and the amount of glycophorin A that became associated with the skeletal proteins in a Triton shell assay. In Miltenberger V erythrocytes, which contain a hybrid sialoglycoprotein with no cytoplasmic domain, antibody binding did not induce an increase in rigidity. These results imply that glycophorin A is capable of a modulatable form of transmembrane signaling that is determined by the extracellular domain to which the ligand binds, and the cytoplasmic domain of glycophorin A is crucial for this process.
Epithelial Tight Junction Anomalies in Nasal Inverted Papilloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives As a critical component of the epithelial barrier, tight junctions (TJs) are essential in nasal mucosa against pathogen invasion. However, the function of TJs has rarely been reported in nasal inverted papilloma (NIP). This study aims to investigate the potential factors of TJs' abnormality in NIP. Methods We assessed the expression of ZO‐1, occludin, claudin‐1, claudin‐3, and claudin‐7 in healthy controls and NIP by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. The correlation between TJs expression and neutrophil count, T H 1/T H 2/T H 17 and regulatory T cell biomarkers, and the proportion of nasal epithelial cells was investigated. Results Upregulation of ZO‐1, occludin, claudin‐1, and claudin‐7, along with downregulation of claudin‐3, was found in NIP compared to control (all p < 0.05). An abnormal proportion with a lower number of ciliated cells (control vs. NIP: 37.60 vs. 8.67) and goblet cells (12.52 vs. 0.33) together with a higher number of basal cells (45.58 vs. 124.00) in NIP. Meanwhile, claudin‐3 was positively correlated with ciliated and goblet cells (all p < 0.01). Additionally, neutrophils were excessively infiltrated in NIP, negatively correlated with ZO‐1, but positively with claudin‐3 (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, FOXP3, IL‐10, TGF‐β1, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐22 levels were induced in NIP (all p < 0.01). Occludin level was negatively correlated with IL‐10, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐22, whereas ZO‐1 was positively with TGF‐β1 (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction with TJs anomalies is commonly associated with abnormal proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells and imbalance of immune and inflammatory patterns in NIP. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope , 134:552–561, 2024
The spatial cerebral damage caused by larger infarct and β‐amyloid toxicity is driven by the anatomical/functional connectivity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Large cerebral infarctions are major predictors of death and severe disability from stroke. Conversely, data concerning these types of infarctions and the affected adjacent brain circuits are scarce. It remains to be determined if the co‐morbid concurrence of large infarct and β‐amyloid (Aβ) toxicity can precipitate the early development of dementia. Here, we described a dose‐dependent effect of a unilateral striatal injection of vasoconstrictive endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) along with Aβ toxicity on CNS pathogenesis; driven by the anatomical and functional networks within a brain circuit. After 21 days of treatment, a high dose (60 pmol) of ET‐1 (E60) alone caused the greatest increase in neuroinflammation, mainly in the ipsilateral striatum and distant regions with synaptic links to the striatal lesion such as white matter (subcortical white matter, corpus callosum, internal capsule, anterior commissure), gray matter (globus pallidus, thalamus), and cortices (cingulate, motor, somatosensory, entorhinal). The combined E60 + Aβ treatment also extended perturbation in the contralateral hemisphere of these rats, such as increased deposition of amyloid precursor protein fragments associated with the appearance of degenerating cells and the leakage of laminin from the basement membrane across a compromised blood–brain barrier. However, the cerebral damage induced by the 6 pmol ET‐1 (E6), Aβ and E6 + Aβ rats was not detrimental enough to injure the complete network. The appreciation of the causal interactions among distinct anatomical units in the brain after ischemia and Aβ toxicity will help in the design of effective and alternative therapeutics that may disassociate the synergistic or additive association between the infarcts and Aβ toxicity.