jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards the idea of the interconnected university for sustainable community development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whilst universities have long been considered to possess the capacity that can foster local community development in a developing context such as in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is not clear what disposition the university should adopt, given the complexity surrounding its mission in a changing landscape. Drawing on the meaning of community development and the centrality of the idea of “working together” to effect “change” associated with it; the research underpinning this article investigated how well the university can effectively respond to local needs and stimulate development. Interviews and focus group discussions took place with university and community participants drawn from disparate backgrounds within a Cameroonian context on the nature of a local university’s community engagement. The findings reveal that the university’s capacity to enhance local development could be engendered through interconnections within its community, as well as with the wider community. This article maintains that the premise of the interconnected university can be drawn on African philosophy of Ubuntu and buttressed by narrowing existing power gaps through the fostering of transparency, decentralisation and democratic values so that constructive dialogue can ensue within the university and between it and the wider community.
Effect of Er: YAG Laser Enamel-etching and Sandblasting on the Bond Strength of Fixed Lingual Retainers

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aims to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of different combinations of retainer wires and enamel preparation methods.Methods: A total of 180 extracted mandibular bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 paired teeth each. Three techniques were employed to prepare the enamel: acid etches only, Er:YAG laser before acid etch, and sandblast before acid etch. The retainer wires, including Bond-A-Braid, GAC Wildcat Twistflex Wire, and TruForce coaxial wire, were bonded with the adhesive Transbond LR and SBS values were measured. The two-way ANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of the conditioning method in combination with the retainer wire type and the interaction of two variables. Pairwise comparisons were done using the Tukey post hoc test. A value of P≤0.05 was considered to be significant for all statistical tests.Results: The highest shear bond strength value was found for sandblasted surface bonded with Bond-A-Braid wire. The combination of acid-etched enamel/GAC Wildcat Twistflex wire revealed the lowest value of the SBS. Statistically significant differences did not exist for the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores among the study groups.Conclusion: Sandblasting and laser irradiation before the acid etching significantly increased the SBS. Differences in the SBS values of different wires were insignificant.
Modelling of Symmetric Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for High Power Appliances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

While designing the inverter, the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output is a major concern to decide its performance.In order to calculate the total harmonic distortion (THD) of a symmetric modular multilevel inverter (MMI) with switched capacitors, a Harris hawk optimization (HHO) was used in this study.Utilizing symmetric and identical DC sources, the suggested modular multilevel inverter is designed.The suggested topology may be expanded up to many levels and utilizes fewer switches to provide 9 levels of output than conventi1al cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters.Using a low-frequency switching control approach known as selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation, the switches are less stressed and the inverter output's THD profile is improved.Additionally, the switching angles of the MMI have been optimized by solving the non-linear equations of the SHEPWM using the Harris Hawk Optimizer.Ant colony optimization (ACO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), two alternative optimizers, were compared in terms of the THD of the output.This comparison shows that the HHO delivers a lower THD than other optimization techniques approximately near to 5%, as per the IEEE-519 standard, and is thus more highly advised.Finally, a hardware configuration for the suggested inverter is implemented to confirm the simulation findings.
[Free-living Amoebae in fresh water. Study of the water supply of the town of Poitiers (France) (author's transl)].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

46 out of 76 samples of water originating from the water supply of the town of Poitiers, and concerning each stage of it, were found positive to free-living amoebae. 3/4 of the isolated strains belonged to the genus Acanthamoeba only 2 to the genus Naegleria, and the remaining to the genus Hartmanella. All the strains are insensible to 5-Fluoro-cytosin and Amphotericin B at concentrations compatible with human use. No experimental pathogen power could be demonstrated by inoculation to laboratory mice.
Comparison of Different Methods for the Isolation of Genomic DNA of Penicillium expansum PF898

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genomic DNA of Penicillium expansum PF898 was prepared with three different methods(CTAB,modified SDS and rapid SDS method).The purity of the prepared DNA with CTAB was best.The modified SDS method produced the highest yield of DNA.The genomic DNAs prepared by both CTAB and the modified SDS were suitable for digestion with restriction enzyme.The samples of DNA by three method mentioned-above were suitable for molecular analysis on PCR for the gene encoding alkaline lipase from Penicillium expansum and 18S rRNA.To sum up,the modified method was ideal to prepare DNA from Penicillium expansum PF898 based on its simplicity,high purity and high yield.
Utilization of marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii as a feed additive in seawater-tolerant Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) strain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The low omega-3 content of tilapia flesh, when compared to marine fish, affects its marketability. In marine animals, the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) can be linked to the oil produced by marine diatoms. Among the marine diatoms, the genus Thalassiosira is known to exhibit high content of HUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Thus, in this study, the use of marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii as a dietary additive in the seawater-tolerant Nile Tilapia strain was evaluated. One hundred ninety-two, 1.40 ± 0.05g seawater tilapia were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups in 4 replicates. The first treatment group was fed with a control diet (D0), without the diatoms while treatments 1, 2, and 3 were each fed with diets supplemented with T. weissflogii paste at 2.55% (D1), 6% (D2), and 12% (D3), respectively for 60 days. The diets were isonitrogenous, isolipodic and the omega-3 and omega-6 requirements were satisfied. Results demonstrated that D1 had the highest percent weight gain among treatments. Although not significantly different, other parameters such as percent survival, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed intake had desirable results in D1. The proximate composition of seawater tilapia showed that % crude protein was highest in D0 but % crude lipid was highest in D1. The fatty acid composition of tilapia in D1 had the highest omega-3 content at 9.29 mg/g tissue and also had the highest n3:n6 at 2.19. Muscle growth-related genes ( MyoD and MYG ) were up-regulated while liver genes involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis ( oni-fads2 and elvol5 ) were down-regulated in D1 as compared to D0. Feeding the diatom-supplemented diet to tilapia had no significant effects on hepatic cells and intestinal morphology. The results suggested that a 2.55% supplementation dose of T. weissflogii could promote growth and enhance the tissue content of omega-3 fatty acids of the seawater strain Oreochromis niloticus .
Griseofulvin‐induced Photodermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Six Japanese cases of griseofulvin (GF)‐induced photodermatitis were reported. All of the patients had received GF from 4 days to 4 months as treatment for tinea unguium. Clinical features were basically eczematous, but differed somewhat case by case. Patient 2 showed pigmentation and depigmentation and patient 5 showed pellagra‐like eruptions. From the clinical view, we could not differentiate precisely between phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. The difference may also depend on response severity, duration of skin eruption, or skin color. Blood and urine porphyrins were within normal ranges. An action spectrum study revealed that UVA was responsible for eliciting a photosensitivity reaction. Patch and photopatch tests were performed on all 6 patients. The results of the photopatch tests were positive for 3 patients and negative for the other 3. The degrees of reaction to photopatch tests differed so widely that it was difficult to determine suitable conditions for UVA intensity or GF concentrations for photopatch testing. Moreover, half of the patients showed negative photopatch tests. Although there is merit in the use of photopatch tests for studying the causes of systemically administered drug‐induced photodermatitis, there may also be limits to their usage. When performed carefully, drug readministration is a more reliable method. From the results of positive photopatch tests, photocross reactions between GF and penicillin, persistent light reactions and distant flare up phenomena, we concluded that in some of our cases, reactions were photoallergic. Histological findings showed non‐specific inflammatory changes. Direct immunofluorescence studies showed that immunoglobulin and complement were deposited at papillary perivascular areas and the dermo‐epidermal junction.
Water Harvesting for Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Trees in a Marginal Dry Area of Northwestern Syria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Olive production in marginal dry area s requires careful soil, water, and nutrient management. Farmers in the Khanasser Valley, Syria , developed their own water - harvesting technique by combining V - shaped bunds with up - and down - slope tillage furrows after examination of the semi - circular struc tures in a no - till water harvesting research site. The farmers cooperated with the researchers to investigate the effects of their new water harvesting technique in this dry environment (220 mm annual rainfall). Soil moisture content was monitored weekly d uring the first half of 2004. A control treatment without water harvesting structures was also monitored. Throughout the rainy season, soil moisture content in the rootzone of the trees with water harvesting structures was 4 to 15% higher than in the contr ol. Almost all water gained by water harvesting was stored in the layers below 40 - cm depth. This study showed that little labor investments by farmers can provide critical extra water needs to olive trees in dry, sloping lands.
Life cycle of Zygogramma bicolorata and its effectiveness as biocontrol of Parthenium hysterophorus in Lamjung, Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. poses a significant ecological and agricultural threat in Nepal, necessitating effective and sustainable management strategies. This study investigates the life cycle and biocontrol efficacy of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister against P. hysterophorus under greenhouse conditions in Lamjung, Nepal. Detailed observations on developmental biology revealed an average life span of 62–78 days from egg to adult, with females showing longer longevity (43.3±0.72 days) than males (37.0±0.94 days). Each female laid an average of 650±21.45 eggs during its lifespan, with 84.08% hatching success, 81.32% pupal recovery, and 78.69% adult emergence. The beetle exhibited four distinct larval instars, each showing progressive growth and color changes, followed by pupation at 3–5 cm soil depth. Feeding potential varied with the developmental stage and beetle density. Feeding trials revealed that both adults and larvae caused significant defoliation of Parthenium with higher beetle densities leading to faster defoliation. Defoliation was faster at the seedling stage than the flowering stage, with five beetle pairs completing defoliation in 1.13 days and 6.67 days, respectively, compared to 6.67 and 15.67 days with two pairs. Larvae were particularly voracious feeders, contributing more substantially to defoliation than adults. Based on these findings, Z. bicolorata shows strong potential as a biocontrol agent against P. hysterophorus, and further field-based research is recommended to evaluate its establishment and effectiveness across Nepal’s diverse agro ecological zones.
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase in rat intestine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase was partially purified from rat small intestine and characterized. The enzyme activity was mainly localized in the distal one-fourth of the small intestine. The enzyme required Fe2+, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine and oxygen for full activity. The pH optimum of the reaction was 8.0. The hydroxylation rate of d-tryptophan by the enzyme was one-third that of l-tryptophan. l-Phenylalanine and l-tyrosine could not serve as substrates. The physiological significance of the enzyme is discussed.
Perinatal morbidity in gestations with pathological combined first trimester screening for aneuploidies and normal karyotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Positive Combined First Trimester Screening and by risk groups: 0-50, 51-100, 101-150, 151-200, 201-250, and normal karyotype relate with negative screening for adverse perinatal results. Method: Retrospective study of cases and controls in single pregnancies, with predictive analysis using multivariate logistic regression. Results: 3,791 screenings were performed at our unit in 2012, with a screening/number of deliveries ratio of 89.9%. There is a greater likelihood of the newborn being underweight (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 – 5.7), premature (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.03 – 4.5), admitted to the ICU (OR = 7.4, CI 95% 1.5 – 34.6) or admitted to the Neonates department (AOR = 8.1, 95% CI 1.7 – 37.7) in the case group. Conclusion: Combined first trimester screening is a predictive method for pregnant women with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. \n
Renography with a semiautomated algorithm for diuretic decision 7 min postradiopharmaceutical administration: a feasibility study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The F+10 method for diuretic renography (diuretics given 10 min after the radiopharmaceutical) could be a time-conserving method. This method involves a 30-min dynamic acquisition where diuretics are administered only when necessary by the Nuclear Medicine technologist performing the examination. The purpose of this study was to assess the method’s performance and to discover the optimal threshold of residual activity for a diuretic administration 7 min into the F+10 renography by reprocessing raw data from prior performed examinations with 20-min acquisitions without diuretics. Methods Retrospectively, raw data from 320 original examinations of adult patients performed from 2013 to 2015 were reprocessed into 7-min series and categorized as requiring diuretic or not. The diuretic decisions made by an expert panel were used as a reference. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was drawn to assess the optimal cutoff value for the residual renal activity. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as the Youden J index were calculated. Result The experts classified 50% (160 examinations) as in need of diuretics. The receiver-operating characteristic curve demonstrated the theoretical optimal cutoff value at 7 min to be 94% of maximum activity (sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.81, Youden J index 0.73). A clinically acceptable threshold is suggested to be 85% (sensitivity 0.99, specificity 0.59, Youden J index 0.58). Conclusion 99m Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography with the F+10 method and the threshold 85% for diuretic decision 7 min into the renography is a feasible and acceptable method in clinical practice.
Tissue Concentration of Nalidixic Acid in Chronic Pyelonephritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

M BWT 621 who had had a subtotal thyroidectomy but who were normocalcaemic.In each group about one-third of the patients without objective laryngeal signs complained of persistent voice changes dating from the time of operation.Our thanks are due to the various physicians and surgeons who referred patients for study.We are grateful to Associate Professor T. S.
Honorius: The Fight for the Roman West AD 395-423

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Honorius explores the personal life and tumultuous times of one of the last emperors of the Roman West. From his accession to the throne aged ten, to his death at thirty-eight, Honorius' reign was blighted by a myriad of crises: military rebellions, political conspiracies, barbarian invasions, and sectarian controversies. The notorious sack of the city of Rome occurred on Honorius' watch, and much of the Western Empire was given over to anarchy and violence"--
Test of CPT symmetry in cascade decays 1 Dong-Sheng Du,

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cascade mixing provides an elegant place to study the B0 − ¯ B0 mixing. We use this idea to study the CPT violation caused by B0 − ¯ B0 mixing. An approximation method is adopted to treat the two complex B0 − ¯ B0 mixing parameters θ and φ. A procedure to extract the parameters θ and φ is suggested. The feasibility of exploring the CPT violation and determining of θ and φ in the future B-factories and LHC-B is discussed.
Tunnel-induced photon emission in semiconductors using an STM

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The need for higher resolution in the study of semiconductor nanometer structures has led to the development of sharper probes for imaging of the geometrical structures, all the way down to the atomic level as in scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Simultaneously there is a pressing need for a possibility to make spectroscopic investigations of the electronic properties of such nm-structures, especially for the excitations of individual nm-features. In this paper we describe results from investigations of spectral analysis of photons emitted as a consequence of tunnel-injection of minority carriers in semiconductor bulk or quantum-well (QW) samples. We denote this technique scanning tunnelling luminescence (STL). Two different types of STL-experiments will be described: One where electrons are injected from states having energies close to the Fermi-level of a metal STM-tip into the conduction-band of p-type InP where they recombine, partly radiatively, as minority carriers. In the other type of experiment we employ a tip of a large band-gap semiconductor, p-type GaP, to which electrons tunnel from an n-type InP/GaInAs/InP QW sample. We report the first observation of such minority carrier injection where the sharply defined carrier (hole) energy distribution of the emitting tip is employed for almost mono-energetic injection and, again for the first time, on the observation at higher bias levels of how electrons are being injected from the InP surface into the tip where they recombine radiatively with the emission spectrum having the characteristic energy distribution of the tip material.
Enhanced security using shared authority protocol and data partitioning for cloud storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing an innovative model for the organizations to use software applications, storage and processing capabilities of cloud without investing on the infrastructure. Shared authority based protocol for authentication with data partitioning which is emerging trend for cloud services to improve security as well as fetching of data from storage. Different users in collaborative relationship to share their data and identify a new security risk and challenge in cloud storage, and locate a privacy issue during a user requesting to the cloud server for data sharing, to protect data, achieve anonymous access request mechanism. The user data are complex so to store data effectively and enhance the access of user data from cloud proposed data partitioning algorithm and partitioning divides data in fixed number of parts for quick access which improves speed for access from cloud storage when there is need. Shared authority protocol with data partitioning is to improve storage as well as security with encrypt each partition of user data. Load balancing distributes load among different resources which is present in the cloud system. Users are accessing data from cloud storage by load balancing to improve speed and utilize resources efficiently for better accessibility.
Challenges and Opportunities for Osteoporosis Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has both directly and indirectly affected osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment throughout the world. Methods This mini-review summarizes the available evidence regarding the effects of COVID-19, its treatment, and the consequences of the pandemic itself on bone health. Additionally, we review evidence and expert recommendations regarding putative effects of osteoporosis medications on COVID-19 outcomes and vaccine efficacy and summarize recommendations for continuation of osteoporosis treatment during the pandemic. Results The use of standard screening procedures to assess for osteoporosis and fracture risk declined dramatically early in the pandemic, while rates of fragility fractures were largely unchanged. COVID-19, its treatments, and public health measures to prevent viral spread are each likely to negatively affect bone health. Osteoporosis treatments are not known to increase risk of adverse events from COVID-19, and preclinical data suggest possible beneficial effects of some therapies. Vitamin D deficiency is clearly associated with adverse outcomes from COVID-19, but it remains unclear whether vitamin D supplementation may improve outcomes. Osteoporosis treatment should be continued whenever possible, and recommendations for substituting therapies, if required, are available. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has decreased screening and disrupted treatment for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis medications are safe and effective during the pandemic and should be continued whenever possible. Further studies are needed to fully understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term bone health.