jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gold Nanoparticles-MWCNT Based Aptasensor for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed male malignancies and can be detected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a biomarker. To detect PSA, several studies have proposed using antibodies, which are not economical and require a long reaction time. In this study, we propose to use self-assembled thiolated single-strand DNA on electrodes functionalized by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to realize a low-cost label-free electrochemical biosensor. In this regard, the PSA aptamer was immobilized via electrostatic adsorption on the surface of a screen-printed MWCNT/AuNPs electrode. The immobilization process was enhanced due to the presence of Au nanoparticles on the surface of the electrode. Surface characterization of the electrode at different stages of modification was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle for surface tension properties. The results showed an increase in surface roughness due to the absorbance of the aptamer on the electrode surfaces. The developed sensor has an extended linear range of 1–100 ng/mL, and a very low limit of detection down to 1 pg/mL. In addition, the reaction has a binding time of only five minutes on the developed electrodes. Investigations of the biosensor selectivity against several substances revealed an efficient selectivity for PSA detection. With this approach, low-cost biosensors with high sensitivity can be realized which have a wide linearity range and a low limit of detection, which are necessary for the early detection of prostate cancer.
American and Australian family experiences while receiving a diagnosis or having treatment for idiopathic toe walking: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To understand parent journeys while navigating diagnosis, assessment or treatment of their children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW). Design Mixed methods qualitative study: analyses of survey data from the measure of processes of care-20 (MPOC-20) and semistructured interviews were analysed with an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Trustworthiness of data was achieved through member checking, researcher triangulation, reflexivity and transferability and comparison with the MPOC-20 results. Setting USA and Australia. Participants Parents of children diagnosed with ITW who had seen more than one health professional during their care and lived in Australia or the USA. Results Ten parents of children aged between 3 and 13 years and diagnosed with ITW participated. Parents described complex themes relating to their journeys. The themes relating to their journeys were: (1) riding the rollercoaster of diagnosis; (2) navigating the treatment options and (3) supporting parents in the journey. Each theme was supported by parent quotes about their experiences. Challenges were not localised to one country, in spite of vastly different healthcare systems. Conclusions These findings create opportunities for an international approach to education, treatment recommendations and outcome measures to improve patient and parent experiences. Health professionals should consider the impact on parents in navigating between health professionals when provided with a diagnosis which can have variable outcomes and varied treatment options.
The bryophyte flora of northern Iturup (north-west Pacific): between the circumboreal and East Asian floristic regions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. The Kuril Islands Chain demarcates the boundary between the circumpolar and East Asian floras in the amphi-Pacific and is a trans-Oceanic migration route from warm-temperate insular East Asia to north-east Asia and Beringia. This paper reviews the flora of the northern part of Iturup Island in regards to its bryogeography and taxonomic diversity, as well as its relative position among other bryophyte floras of north-east and East Asia. Methods. The paper uses morphological methods to identify the species composition and detrended correspondence analysis to identify the position of the northern Iturup Island in the system of local floras of the eastern, extra-tropical, Pacific. Key results. The flora is closely related to the bryophyte floras of the southern Kurils and Hokkaido Island, but has been found to be distinctly distant from the ‘true’ cool-temperate East Asian floras, as well as from the boreal and hemiarctic floras of north-east Asia. Instead, the floras of the south Kurils and northern Hokkaido Island belong to a peculiar intermediate phytogeographic province that cannot be unambiguously placed in either the East Asian or circumboreal floristic regions. The hemiboreal character of the bryophyte flora of northern Iturup Island is in contrast to the general appearance of many of the dominant vegetation communities on the island, which are more characteristic of the hemiarctic. Conclusion. There is no robust evidence to refer the bryophyte flora of northern Iturup either to the circumboreal or East Asian Floristic Region, the flora belongs to a unique intermediate province between the two regions.
BASAL PLANE EMITTANCE OF PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A direct measurement of the total hemispherical emittance of 'as deposited' PG layers on ATJ graphite cylinders in the range from 1200 to 2840C is described. The method consisted of resistively heating these long, thin cylinders inside a cooled, blackened enclosure until the power generated was all radiated and temperature equilibrium ensued. By sighting an optical pyrometer through a window in the enclosure, the apparent temperature of the surface and the true temperature of a cavity inside the samples could be measured. These temperatures, as well as the electrical power supplied to the sample, were recorded for each equilibrium temperature. These data for various sample thicknesses were used to determine the true temperature of the surface, the total hemispherical emittance, epsilon-H, and the normal emittance at 0.65 microns. The electrical resistivity in the ab-plane and the thermal conductivity in the c-direction were also determined. The epsilon-H for PG was approximately 0.6 microns from 1300 to 2600C. Exposure for a few seconds in an inert atmosphere or in a vacuum to temperatures above 2600C, irreversibly altered the surface finish and increased epsilon-H to progressively higher values depending on the time and temperature. The normal emittance values at 0. 65 microns also were significantly affected.
Meditation Five : The Meditator reflects on his experiences of mathematical and abstract concepts and arrives at a proof of God's existence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF CORPOREAL SUBSTANCE – CATEGORY 1 AND CATEGORY 2 PROPERTIES – MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS AND MATHEMATICAL TRUTHS – TRIANGLES, UNICORNS, AND GOD – REALISM AND PSYCHOLOGISM (AT VII:63–5)
Activation of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Negatively Modulates Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling (ECC) through the PI3K/NOS/NO Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been described to exert several cardioprotective effects. However, the exact mechanism involved in cardiac protection remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of GPER activation on excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) and the possibility that such effect participates in cardioprotection. The cardiac myocytes of male Wistar rats were isolated with a digestive buffer and loaded with Fura-2-AM for the measurement of intracellular calcium transient (CaT). Sarcomere shortening (SS) and L-type calcium current (ICaL) were also registered. The confocal technique was used to measure nitric oxide (NO) production in cells loaded with DAF-FM-diacetate. Cardiac myocytes exposed to 17-β-estradiol (E2, 10 nM) or G-1 (1 μM) for fifteen minutes decreased CaT, SS, and ICaL. These effects were prevented using G-36 (antagonist of GPER, 1 μM), L-Name (NO synthase -NOS- inhibitor, 100 nM), or wortmannin (phosphoinositide-3-kinase -PI3K- inhibitor, 100 nM). Moreover, G1 increased NO production, and this effect was abolished in the presence of wortmannin. We concluded that the selective activation of GPER with E2 or G1 in the isolated cardiac myocytes of male rats induced a negative inotropic effect due to the reduction in ICaL and the decrease in CaT. Finally, the pathway that we proposed to be implicated in these effects is PI3K-NOS-NO.
Spousal Caregiving Types and Cognitive Trajectories Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study investigates the longitudinal association between spousal caregiving types and cognitive trajectories among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, with a focus on gender differences. Method: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (2011–2018) were analyzed, covering 4568 couples aged 45 and above. Caregiving types were Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) caregiving, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) caregiving, and both ADLs/IADLs caregiving. Cognitive function was assessed using tests of memory, orientation, numeric ability, and visuospatial ability. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine associations between caregiving types and cognitive trajectories. Results: Spouses who only provided IADLs caregiving had slower cognitive decline compared to those who did not provide caregiving, regardless of gender. However, those who provided ADLs caregiving had faster cognitive decline compared to non-caregivers, especially in women. Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of caregiving types as well as the gendered effects of caregiving on cognitive trajectories.
The inactivation of saccharopine dehydrogenase (L-lysine-forming) by diethyl pyrocarbonate.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Saccharopine dehydrogenase (epsilon-N-(L-glutaryl-2)-L-lysine: NAD oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming) EC 1.5.1.7) from baker's yeast is inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate. Spectrophotometric studies show that the inactivation results from the modification of 3 histidyl residues/molecule of enzyme. The sulfhydryl content of the enzyme is unchanged by modification. The reversibility of inactivation by hydroxylamine and the pH dependence of inactivation are also consistent with the inactivation being due to modification of the histidyl residue. Although the coenzyme and substrates are without effect when added singly, the inactivation is completely protected by alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of a saturating concentration of NADH. Since alpha-ketoglutarate binds only to the enzyme . NADH complex, the results suggest that the inactivation is due to modification of the residue at or near the substrate-binding site. Under the conditions where the inactivation is largely protected by NADH plus alpha-ketoglutarate, 2 histidyl residues appear to be modified suggesting that only 1 residue involved in the catalytic activity. The modification appears to prevent the binding of alpha-ketoglutarate, but not of the coenzyme, to the enzyme. The protein fluorescence of the native and modified enzymes is quenched by NAD+ and NADH. However, the NADH titration curve of the modified enzyme is not affected by alpha-ketoglutarate, in contrast to the native enzyme which shows an increase in the apparent affinity for the coenzyme in the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate.
Social constructionism in the counselling context

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Social Constructionism (SC), with its redefinition of social realities as constitued through discourse, and its challenges to traditional notions of a stable and essentialized self, carries sweeping implications for applied psychology. My aim in this paper is to clarity the basic agenda of SC, and to suggest that a judicious cross-fertilization with concepts and procedures originating in constructivist forms of psychotherapy can provide a useful and relevant frame for counselling practice
3-D multi-frequency antenna for RF energy harvesting application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The evolution of wireless communications requires the development of long-life or sustainable power sources. One method currently receiving increasing attention in current literature, compared to other energy solutions, is the application of Radio-frequency (RF) energy as an alternative energy source for low-power devices. The presence of various wireless services makes a challenge to this technology with respect to the design of multiband antennas. A 3-D multi-band antenna with adaptive form is designed purpose of integration in available circuits without changing their form and characteristics and also to scale down the antenna size. The current study presents a novel efficient antenna for the reception of ambient RF energy from cellular network frequency bands and Wi-Fi sources simultaneously. The antenna operates in five bands of frequency including GSM 1800MHz, UMTS 2100MHz, WLAN 2.4GHz, WLAN 5.2GHz and WLAN 5.8GHz. The volume of antenna is small, 55mm×25mm×15mm. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed design are consistent with an omnidirectional pattern, a satisfying gain around 2dBi and high efficiency over 96%.
Treatment efficacy of all-oral combinations of direct-acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C patients with NS5A-P32 deletion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1,516 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection, who were treated with all-oral combinations of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), were evaluated NS5A resistance-associated variants. 6 of 110 patients (5.45%), who could not achieve sustained virological response after Asunaprevir plus Daclatasvir for 24 weeks, were detected NS5A-P32 deletion. 4 of 6 patients with P32 deletion received retreatment of DAAs, and could not achieve sustained virological response. All of 6 patients with P32 deletion, were with three treatment-resistant host-factors of IL28B rs8099917 TG, FIB-4 index ≥3.25, and non-response for prior interferon-related therapy. Further understanding of the complex interaction between virus- and host-related factors might facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic regimens for HCV patients with P32 deletion.
Data from Prediagnostic CT or MRI Utilization and Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: SEER-Medicare Database Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Ultrasound-based surveillance has suboptimal sensitivity for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection, generating interest in alternative surveillance modalities. We aim to investigate the association between prediagnostic CT or MRI imaging and overall survival in a contemporary cohort of HCC patients. Using the SEER-Medicare database, we analyzed Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with HCC between 2011 and 2015. Proportion of time covered (PTC) was defined as the proportion of the 36-month period prior to HCC diagnosis in which patients had received abdominal imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the association between PTC and overall survival. Among 5,098 HCC patients, 3,293 (65%) patients had abdominal imaging prior to HCC diagnosis, of whom 67% had CT/MRI. Median PTC by any abdominal imaging was 5.6% (IQR: 0%-36%), with few patients having PTC >50%. Compared to no abdominal images, ultrasound (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.79-0.95) and CT/MRI group (aHR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.63-0.74) were associated with improved survival. Lead time adjusted analysis showed improved survival continued to be observed with CT/MRI imaging (aHR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.74-0.87) but not ultrasound (aHR: 1.00, 95%CI: 0.91-1.10). Increased PTC was associated with improved survival, with a larger effect size observed with CT/MRI (aHR per 10%: 0.93, 95%CI: 0.91–0.95) than ultrasound (aHR per 10%: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.95-0.98). In conclusion, PTC by abdominal images was associated with improved survival in HCC patients, with potential greater benefit using CT/MRI imaging. Regular utilization of CT/MRI before cancer diagnosis may have potential survival benefit compared to ultrasound in HCC patients.</p></div>
Subcellular Distribution of Steroid Δ4 -5α-Reductase and 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Rat Epididymis During Sexual Maturation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The curve of the specific activity of rat epididymal nuclear delta 4-5 alpha-reductase is bell shaped as a function of age, whereas that of cytoplasmic 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase does not change significantly with age. The present study examines the subcellular distribution of delta 4-5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the caput-corpus and cauda epididymidis during development. A 5-step discontinuous sucrose gradient was developed for fractionation of epididymal homogenates. By using enzyme markers specific for different subcellular organelles, the five different subcellular fractions obtained were shown to be of cytoplasmic, microsomal, mitochondrial, nuclear and spermatozoal origin. 3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was associated only with the cytoplasmic fraction. The activity of the enzyme did not change significantly with age in either the caput-corpus or cauda epididymidis. delta 4-5 alpha-Reductase activity was found in fractions containing microsomal and nuclear markers. delta 4-5 alpha-Reductase activity in the nuclear fraction of the caput-corpus epididymidis was evident in the youngest age group (Day 25), increased 4-fold and peaked in the next age group (Day 35), and declined with each successive age group: Day 45 (60% of maximum), Day 60 (20% of maximum), Day 75 (15% of maximum) and Day 105 (10% of maximum). In contrast, microsomal delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activity increased successively from Day 25 to Day 105; enzyme activity doubled between these two ages. The ratio of nuclear to microsomal delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activity from the caput-corpus epididymidis thus changed markedly with age: Day 25:1.32; Day 35:3.76; Day 45:2.44; Day 60:1.03; Day 75:0.41; and Day 105:0.21. In the cauda epididymidis nuclear delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activity was only evident at Day 35 and Day 45; in microsomal fractions, activity was first found at Day 35 and did not subsequently change with age. These results demonstrate that: 1) epididymal 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is found only in the cytoplasmic fraction; 2) delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activity is found in nuclear and microsomal fractions; and 3) the subcellular distribution of delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activity changes markedly with age and epididymal section, suggesting differential regulation of nuclear and microsomal delta 4-5 alpha-reductase activities.
An Online Data-Driven Method to Locate Forced Oscillation Sources From Power Plants Based on Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Forced oscillations may jeopardize the secure operation of power systems. To\nmitigate forced oscillations, locating the sources is critical. In this paper,\nleveraging on Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy), an online\npurely data-driven method to locate the forced oscillation is developed.\nValidations in all simulated cases (in the WECC 179-bus system) and actual\noscillation events (in ISO New England system) in the IEEE Task Force test\ncases library are carried out, which demonstrate that the proposed algorithm,\nrequiring no model information, can accurately locate sources in most cases,\neven under resonance condition and when the natural modes are poorly damped.\nThe little tuning requirement and low computational cost make the proposed\nmethod viable for online application.\n
TGR5/CATHEPSIN E SIGNALING REGULATES MACROPHAGE INNATE IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN THE STERILE INFLAMMATORY LIVER INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & aims: The hepatic proinflammatory response represents a major cause of liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Although the role of plasma membrane-bound G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) in regulating liver IR injury has been reported, the underlying mechanism remains to be further studied. Methods: We analyzed the role and underlying mechanism of TGR5 in regulating macrophage migration and M1/M2 polarization in primary murine macrophage cell cultures, IR-stressed livers of mice and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients post IR stress. Results: TGR5 depletion in myeloid cells aggravated liver injury with increased macrophage infiltration and enhanced inflammation in livers post IR. In vitro, TGR5-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) displayed increased mobility and enhanced proinflammatory M1 polarization compared to wild type (WT) controls. INT-777, a TGR5 agonist, enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of TGR5 both in vivo and in vitro. Microarray profiling of WT and TGR5-deficient BMDMs primed with LPS revealed that TGR5-deficient BMDMs exhibited enhanced proinflammatory characteristics. Cathepsin E (Cat E) was the most upregulated gene in TGR5-deficient BMDMs, and knockdown of Cat E abolished the enhanced mobility and shift of macrophage phenotypes induced by TGR5 depletion. Moreover, Cat E knockdown attenuated liver IR injury and liver inflammation in myeloid TGR5 deficient mice. In patients undergoing partial hepatectomy, IR stress promoted TGR5 activation of CD11b+ cells in PBMCs, correlating with the shift in macrophage M2 polarization. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration enhanced TGR5 activation and the trend of macrophage M2 polarization. Conclusions: TGR5 attenuates proinflammatory immune activation by restraining macrophage migration and facilitating macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype via suppression of Cat E and thereby protects against liver IR injury. This work was supported by grants from National Nature Science Foundation of China (81571564, 91442117, 81870448, 31930020, 81600450), the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BRA2017533, BK20191490), and CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2019-I2M-5-035).
RNA-protein correlation of liver toxicity markers in HepaRG cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The liver is a main target organ for the toxicity of many different compounds. While in general, in vivo testing is still routinely used for assessing the hepatotoxic potential of test chemicals, the use of in vitro models offers advantages with regard to throughput, consumption of resources, and animal welfare aspects. Using the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG, we performed a comparative evaluation of a panel of hepatotoxicity marker mRNAs and proteins after exposure of the cells to 30 different pesticidal active compounds comprising herbizides, fungicides, insecticides, and others. The panel of hepatotoxicity markers included nuclear receptor target genes, key players of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism-related pathways, as well as recently identified biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, marker genes and proteins were identified, for example, S100P, ANXA10, CYP1A1, and CYP7A1. These markers respond with high sensitivity to stimulation with chemically diverse test compounds already at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The potency of the test compounds, determined as an overall parameter of their ability to deregulate marker expression in vitro, was very similar between the mRNA and protein levels. Thus, this study does not only characterize the response of human liver cells to 30 different pesticides but also demonstrates that hepatotoxicity testing in human HepaRG cells yields well comparable results at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, robust hepatotoxicity marker genes and proteins were identified in HepaRG cells.