jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drilling Program traces fluid circulation through Juan de Fuca Ridge Crust

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Scientists are gaining new insights about hydrothermal circulation through the crust of mid‐ocean ridge flanks from the results of a drilling experiment on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, located roughly 200 km off the coast of Vancouver Island. At oceanic ridges such as the Juan de Fuca, circulating water carries heat from cooling lithospheric plates and influences the chemistry of the oceans and the composition of oceanic crust.
The Effect of Hydrogen Ion on the Electrophoretic Mobility and Viscosity of Poly (Sodium Acrylate)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

分子量の異なるポリアクリル酸ソーダの電気易動度および粘度を, イオン強度0.2のCH3COOH-CH3COONa, Na2HPO4-KH2PO4, Na2CO3-NaHCO3系の緩衝溶液において, pH4～10の域にわたって測定した。高分子濃度ゼロにおいて得られた極限易動度 (Uc→o) は, このpH域で, 分子量に依存しなかった。特に, オリゴマー域にある分子量3.67×103においても, この関係は成立した。 [η] とMnの関係は, pH4で, [η] =7.9×10-5Mπn0.75, pH7で, [η] =1.6×10-4Mn0.80であった。さらに, θ点に対するこの関係は, [η] 対Mnに関するFixmanプロットより推定した。他方, 一定分子量での [η] ～pH曲線は, Uc→0～pH曲線に類似し, [η] 対Uc→0のプロットは直線となることを観察した。
EFFECTS OF TILLERING POSITION AND TILLER NUMBER ON ECONOMIC YIELD OF PADDY RICE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a pot experiment,tillers at specific stem nodes were artificially removed to study the productivity,growth redundancy and yield over-compensation capacity of rice plants.Seed-bearing tiller number was in a highly significant positive correlation with yield per plant,leaf area per plant at heading and biomass per plant,and in a highly significant negative correlation with mean spike weight.The lower nodes,where earlier tillers occur(1,2 and 3),were found to be mainly responsible for seed-bearing tiller number,leaf area per plant at heading and biomass per plant.On the other hand,these nodes tended to show growth redundancy and increased energy consumption.When tillers at nodes 1,2 and 3 were removed,tillers at the middle(nodes 4,5 and 6) or higher positions(nodes 7,8 and 9) would compensate the loss.Consequently,while the number of seed-bearing tillers decreased,the average seed weight per spike increased.
An asymptotic solution of a kinematic -dynamo with meridional circulation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Asymptotic methods are used to study a one-dimensional kinematic <i>&#945;&#937;</i>-Parker dynamo wave model in the limit when the strength of the <i>&#945;&#937;</i>-sources, as measured by the dynamo number <i>D</i>, is large. The model includes the influence of meridional circulation with a characteristic poleward velocity (strictly a magnetic Reynolds number) <i>V</i>, and builds on the earlier work of Popova and Sokoloff (Meridional circulation and dynamo waves. <i>Astron. Nachr.</i> 2008, <strong>329,</strong> 766768). On increasing <i>V</i>, the equatorward phase velocity of the Parker dynamo wave is decreased and, when a particular value of <i>V</i> (say <i>V</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> &#945; <i>D</i><sup>1/3</sup>) is reached, non-oscillatory solutions ensue. Though a complete analytic solution is not possible for <i>V</i> = <i>V<sub>T</sub></i> , the nature of the transition from travelling waves to non-oscillatory solution, as the value of <i>V</i> varies across <i>V<sub>T</sub></i>, is readily understood within the asymptotic framework. It is remarkable that such a simple one-dimensional model can illustrate the possibility of either travelling waves or non-oscillatory solutions dependent on the magnitude of the meridional circulation, a feature, which has long been known from the numerical study of the full partial differential equations governing axisymmetric <i>&#945;&#937;</i>-dynamos (e.g. Roberts, P.H., Kinematic dynamo models. <i>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A</i> 1972, <strong>272,</strong> 663698).
The History of the Congregation of the Sisters of Merciful Jesus within the Boundaries of the Present Metropolitan Archdiocese of Szczecin and Kamien (Kamień)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After World War II, the areas of today’s Szczecin metropolitan archdiocese (since March 25, 1992) that includes the archdiocese of Szczecin and Kamień and the dioceses of Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg) and Zielona Góra-Gorzow (Gorzów) re-organized several times. As a result, the area decreased from 44 836 km² (1945) to 37 199 km². After the war, only 54 sisters from 5 congregations remained in 16 religious houses in this area. Nowadays, there are 807 nuns in the metropolitan archdiocese. One of the many religious congregations is the Congregation of the Merciful Jesus which shares his charisma there. The congregation has enjoyed the dignity of a religious institute of pontifical right since 13 May, 2008. There are about 150 sisters who serve on both continents of America, Africa and Europe (facilities in 14 countries). There are 25 houses in Poland.However, it is strongly connected with the areas of the metropolitan diocese of Szczecin and Kamień as there is the General House in Gorzów Wielkopolski, and the Mother House in Myślibórz, These two houses, together with the church, form the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy. The Congregation has 12 religious houses in 10 places: 4 in the archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamien (Kamień), 6 in diocese of Zielona Góra-Gorzow (Gorzów) and 2 in diocese of Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg), which is one quarter of all houses. This gives good opportunities to realize its charisma – to spread the worship of God’s Mercy.
Beef muscle osmotic pressure as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Osmotic pressure, an important physiological characteristic of plant and animal tissues, is difficult to measure, and no convenient and efficient method is so far available. In the present work we developed a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, and estimated the physiological osmotic pressure of intact bovine muscle and post‐mortem variation during the conversion of muscle into meat. We also examined the major role of sample pH in this variation. This method, based on the determination of the melting onset point of frozen muscle's indigenous water, was compared to a freezing point osmometric method and a soaking method. It was concluded that the DSC method appeared more practical and reliable than other methods and could be applied to various animal and plant tissues and fluids.
Information Technology Security Threats to Modern e-Enabled Aircraft: A Cautionary Note

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most passengers, airlines, and the aircraft industry in general are used to very high safety standards and precautions surrounding aircraft systems. As the computerization of aircraft steadily progresses, the question of security (that is, the protection against intentional manipulations) becomes increasingly relevant. This paper focuses on these security challenges. In particular, it adds the following contributions: It assesses the current state of public research on aircraft information technology security and contrasts it with an evaluation of the threat level through a discussion of recent attacks and vulnerabilities. This shows that many attack vectors are not protected against by the state-of-the-art technology implemented in today's aircraft. In addition, increasing digitalization, connectivity, and similar developments have led to so-called 'e-enabled' aircraft with an ever larger attack surface. This results in challenges to the aircraft industry and lead to a requirement for additional technical, organizational, educational, and regulatory countermeasures.
RedMotion: Motion Prediction via Redundancy Reduction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce RedMotion, a transformer model for motion prediction in self-driving vehicles that learns environment representations via redundancy reduction. Our first type of redundancy reduction is induced by an internal transformer decoder and reduces a variable-sized set of local road environment tokens, representing road graphs and agent data, to a fixed-sized global embedding. The second type of redundancy reduction is obtained by self-supervised learning and applies the redundancy reduction principle to embeddings generated from augmented views of road environments. Our experiments reveal that our representation learning approach outperforms PreTraM, Traj-MAE, and GraphDINO in a semi-supervised setting. Moreover, RedMotion achieves competitive results compared to HPTR or MTR++ in the Waymo Motion Prediction Challenge. Our open-source implementation is available at: https://github.com/kit-mrt/future-motion
Aloe vera and chitosan-based coatings: a strategy to enhance quality and shelf life of fresh jujube ( Ziziphus mauritiana )

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Horticultural crops are vital nutrient sources for people in developing countries. However, the quality of jujube degrades quickly due to its delicate nature, leading to a short shelf life. The quality of jujube degrades quickly because of its delicate nature leading to its short shelf life. This study examined the effects of Chitosan (1% & 2%) and Aloe vera (1% & 2%) based edible coatings on extending the post-harvest shelf life of jujube under both room (C1, C2, A1, & A2) and refrigerated storage conditions (CR1, CR2, AR1 & AR2). Jujubes coated with 2% chitosan (CR2) exhibited the lowest weight loss (16.33 ± 1.52 g) after 28 days at 4°C, compared to control samples (15.10 ± 1.65 g). The antioxidant activity (DPPH) decreased significantly under room temperature, from 75.53 ± 1.19% to 17.63 ± 3.96%, while refrigerated samples retained 48.00 ± 3.00%. Ascorbic acid declined by 58% at 25°C and 43% at 4°C. Coated samples also showed higher total phenolic content (124.14 ± 28.25 mg GAE/100 g) compared to uncoated samples (119.41 ± 27.67 mg GAE/100 g). The study concludes that aloe vera (2%) and chitosan (1%) coatings significantly maintain the physicochemical quality and shelf life of jujube under refrigerated storage.
On the possible reason for nondetection of TeV protons in supernova remnants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theory of shock acceleration predicts the maximum particle energy to be limited only by the acceleration time and the size (geometry) of the shock. This led to optimistic estimates for the galactic cosmic-ray energy achievable in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks. The estimates imply that the accelerated particles, while making no strong impact on the shock structure (test-particle approach), are nevertheless scattered by the strong self-generated Alfvén waves (turbulent boost) needed to accelerate them quickly. We demonstrate that these two assumptions are in conflict when applied to SNRs of the age required for cosmic-ray acceleration to the "knee" energy. We study the combined effect of acceleration nonlinearity (shock modification by accelerated particles) and wave generation on the acceleration process. We show that the refraction of self-generated waves resulting from the deceleration of the plasma flow by the pressure of energetic particles causes enhanced losses of these particles. This effect slows down the acceleration and changes the shape of the particle spectrum near the cutoff. The implications for observations of TeV emission from SNRs are also discussed.
Channel Selection for New Industrial Products: A Framework, Method, and Application

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The authors present a framework and method for addressing the new product channel choice decision and demonstrate its use with an application for a new industrial product. First, on the basis of extant literature, they disaggregate a distribution channel into eight functional components. These functions are representative of the various product-market factors influencing channel choice. Next, they offer a three-step method that involves (1) obtaining evaluations of the new product on each function from several experts, (2) analytically combining those evaluations, and (3) identifying the channel alternative that effectively and efficiently addresses customer requirements of those functions. This method requires extensive management participation to facilitate its implementation. Finally, the authors provide an illustrative application to demonstrate its managerial usefulness.
Polyesters by a Radical Pathway: Rationalization of the Cyclic Ketene Acetal Efficiency

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Radical ring‐opening polymerization (rROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) combines the advantages of both ring‐opening polymerization and radical polymerization thereby allowing the robust production of polyesters coupled with the mild polymerization conditions of a radical process. rROP was recently rejuvenated by the possibility to copolymerize CKAs with classic vinyl monomers leading to the insertion of cleavable functionality into a vinyl‐based copolymer backbone and thus imparting (bio)degradability. Such materials are suitable for a large scope of applications, particularly within the biomedical field. The competition between the ring‐opening and ring‐retaining propagation routes is a major complication in the development of efficient CKA monomers, ultimately leading to the use of only four monomers that are known to completely ring‐open under all experimental conditions. In this article we investigate the radical ring‐opening polymerization of model CKA monomers and demonstrate by the combination of DFT calculations and kinetic modeling using PREDICI software that we are now able to predict in silico the ring‐opening ability of CKA monomers.
INTRAVASCULAR HEMAGGLUTINATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Severe degrees of intravascular red cell agglutination have been observed during life in rats injected with anti-rat red cell serum and in a patient of 11 months with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. There was no significant fall in the tissue oxygen tension or in the total oxygen consumption of the rats. Neither the rats nor the infant developed kernicterus. In a baby dying with kernicterus no true hemagglutination was observed, although there was slight sludging such as is seen in many illnesses. Additional support for the belief that the red cells in this case were not clumped lies in the fact that in vitro clumping was not observed; furthermore, the sedimentation rate was only 1 mm. in one hour. The blood of the injected rats and of the other infant who did not develop kernicterus sedimented extremely rapidly and displayed spontaneous agglutination in vitro. These observations indicate that intravascular agglutination has little if any bearing on the development of kernicterus in erythroblastosis fetalis.
Control, Management, and Orchestration of Optical Networks: Evolution, Trends, and Challenges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Automating the provisioning of telecommunications services, deployed over a heterogeneous infrastructure (in terms of domains, technologies, and management platforms), remains a complex task, yet driven by the constant need to reduce costs and service deployment time. This is more so, when such services are increasingly conceived around interconnected functions and require allocation of computing, storage, and networking resources. This automation drives the development of service and resource orchestration platforms that extend, integrate, and build on top of existing approaches, macroscopically adopting software-defined networking principles, leveraging programmability, and open control in view of interoperability. Such systems are combining centralized and distributed elements, integrating platforms whose development may happen independently and parallel, and are constantly adapting to ever changing requirements, such as virtualization and slicing. Of specific interest is the (optical) transport network segment, traditionally operated independently via closed proprietary systems, and characterized by being relatively complex and hard to reach consensus regarding modeling and abstraction. In view of the targets, the transport network segment needs to be integrated into such service orchestration platforms efficiently. In this context, this paper aims at providing an introduction to control, management, and orchestration systems, of which the network control is a core component, along their main drivers, key benefits, and functional/protocol architectures. It covers multidomain and multilayer networks and includes complex use cases, challenges and current trends such as joint cloud/network orchestration and 5G network slicing.
Influence of air impact methods clearing out the subballonet secretion on ventilator-associated pneumonia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of air impact method clearing out the subballonet secretion on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) for ventilation patients.Methods 108 cases from ICU who received mechanical ventilation were selected.Patients were divided into the observation group and control group according to odd and even numbers,54 cases in each group.The control group was received conventional airway management,and the observation group received air impact method on the basis of conventional management Results of blood gas analysis,vital signs,occurrence time of VAP,total incidence of VAP,mortality,OB,positive results during mechanical ventilation were observed.Results Occurrence time of VAP for observation group and control group respectively were (14.1 ± 5.2) d and (8.9 ± 3.8) d.VAP incidence in 1 week for observation group and control group respectively were 7.4% (4/54) and 27.8% (15/54).Test positive result of secretion OB for observation group and control group respectively were 16.7% (9/54) and 3.7% (2/54).Total Incidence of VAP for observation group and control group respectively were 33.3% and 37.0%.Differences of occurrence time of VAP,VAP incidence in 1 week and test positive result of secretion OB for two groups were statistically significant (t =5.933,x2 =7.728,4.960,all P ＜ 0.05).Differences of results of blood gas analysis,vital signs,total incidence of VAP,mortality for two groups had not statistically significant.Conclusion Air impact method cleating out the subballonet secretion is simple and safe.Occurrence time of VAP was delayed.Incidence of VAP in one week decreases.,which creates opportunity for rescuing patients.

Key words:
Tracheotomy; Air impact method; Subballonet secretion; Suction; Pneumonia, ventilator-associated
Trials of Oral Streptomycin for Infants with Non-specific Gastroenteritis: I. Trial at the City Hospital, Edinburgh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cortisone excretions we have observed may not represent the whole amounts originally present, in the urines, as some may well be lost.ordestroyed in the process of extraction (Paterson, Cox, and Marrian, 1950).Nevertheless, until more reliable methods of extraction are developed we believe that much useful information can be obtained by the bio-assay of such extracts. SummaryThe combined cortisone and compound F content of human urine has been measured by bio-assay.In resting normals the output ranges from 40 to 120 pug.daily.In many types of stress due to medical disease the output is raised.The stress output ranges from 160 to 320 jug. a day.The output of cortisone-like hormone is raised in late normal pregnancy.A progressive rise in output occurs during A.C.T.H. therapy, when maximum outputs of over 600 lAg.daily have been observed.The response to A.C.T.H. varies in different persons.Ephedrine increases the output of cortisone-like hormone in the urine.It is unable to maintain adrenaline stimulation induced by A.C.T.H.After cortisone, either injected or by mouth, a rise in output in the urine occurs, and may persist for at least a week after the last injection.Excretion of cortisone-like hormone is usually reduced in Addison's disease and in panhypopituitarism.The increased output of cortisone which medical stress normally provokes did not occur in a case of panhypopituitarism subjectedto stress.
Research on AI-Driven Classification Possibilities of Ball-Burnished Regular Relief Patterns Using Mixed Symmetrical 2D Image Datasets Derived from 3D-Scanned Topography and Photo Camera

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The present research is related to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for classifying surface textures, specifically regular reliefs patterns formed by ball burnishing operations. A two-stage methodology is employed, starting with the creation of regular reliefs (RRs) on test parts by ball burnishing, followed by 3D topography scanning with Alicona device and data preprocessing with Gwyddion, and Blender software, where the acquired 3D topographies are converted into a set of 2D images, using various virtual camera movements and lighting to simulate the symmetrical fluctuations around the tool-path of the real camera. Four pre-trained convolutional neural networks (DenseNet121, EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, and VGG16) are used as a base for transfer learning and tested for their generalization performance on different combinations of synthetic and real image datasets. The models were evaluated by using confusion matrices and four additional metrics. The results show that the pretrained VGG16 model generalizes the best regular reliefs textures (96%), in comparison with the other models, if it is subjected to transfer learning via feature extraction, using mixed dataset, which consist of 34,037 images in following proportions: non-textured synthetic (87%), textured synthetic (8%), and real captured (5%) images of such a regular relief.
Distinctive psychological and social experiences of women choosing prophylactic oophorectomy for cancer prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Women known to have significantly elevated ovarian cancer risk due to genetic mutations or family history can reduce this risk by surgically removing both ovaries and fallopian tubes (RRBSO, risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). We used interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the psychosocial experiences of women who chose RRBSO for cancer prevention. We extended the traditional use of IPA to compare the experiences of women who chose RRBSO for cancer prevention to those of women who underwent similar gynecologic surgery for benign indications. The analysis resulted in three superordinate themes describing women's psychosocial experiences related to RRBSO: (a) psychological facets of cancer risk (b) social support and (c) shared medical decision making. Findings illustrate that women choosing RRBSO for cancer prevention experience heightened psychosocial challenges before and after surgery compared to women undergoing surgery for benign indication. Furthermore, they may need distinct types of information and support from healthcare providers.
Predeposit autologous blood transfusion in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to reduce the rate of homologous blood transfusion, predeposit autologous blood transfusion has been introduced in 134 out of 266 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate since February 1988. Nine (6.7%) out of 134 patients who deposited their own blood were also transfused with homologous blood. In contrast, the rate of homologous blood transfusion was 22.7% in 132 patients who did not deposit autologous blood. Overall homologous blood transfusion rate (14.7%) in the past 4.5 years has been much lower than in the previous 4 years (22.2% in 203 patients). In 6 patients in whom blood donation was performed concurrently with administration of recombinant human erythropoietin, decrease of haemoglobin level was significantly less than in those without rHuEPO. Predeposit autologous blood transfusion can reduce homologous blood transfusion rate. It is safe and easily performed, and more effective when combined with rHuEPO administration even in elderly patients undergoing TURP.