jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulations of valinomycin interactions with potassium and sodium ions in water solvent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to estimate the value of the electric field (potentials) for the system of valinomycin + К+ and Na+ ions based on a molecular dynamics (MD) study. An analysis has been performed of the interaction processes for the system of valinomycin + К+(Na+) ion in water solvent. It is obtained that capturing a К+(Na+) ion in the valinomycin cavity is not possible for all values of the electric field strength. Each of the two kinds of ions (К+ or Na+) has its own critical electric field associated with ion binding to valinomycin, for which to exist, the ion has to remain localized inside the valinomycin cavity. The results obtained for the electrical potential reveal a stronger valinomycin binding—especially with the potassium ion. Valinomycin’s molecular structure efficiently surrounds the K+ ion, as this structure has to exactly correspond to the K+ ion in size. MD simulation results could be a prerequisite for studying a more complex scenario—for estimating ion transport in the cell membrane or physiological electric potential which is formed in the membrane or inside the cell relative to its surrounding medium.
INVISIBLE DESTINY? BORDERLANDS ANDBORDERLANDERS AS THE TOPIC OF MUSEUMDISPLAYS AFTER 1989

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question of presenting the heritage of the Borderlands and the life of its inhabitants in Polish museums after 1989 is tackled. The main focus of interest are displays perceived as: 1) visual and public form of knowledge transfer; 2) the way of overcoming the trauma of losing one’s native land; 3) tools for creating collective identity and 4) effects of the participation of Borderland circles in creating the display. The goal of the study is an overview of contemporary exhibitions dedicated to the Eastern Borderlands, and the experience of their loss as the result of WW II. Since the residents of the Borderlands were relocated to the ‘former German’ territories, the overview centres on the displays from the Western and Northern Territories. Apart from the local and national aspects, what matters is also the international dimension related to museum presentations of the ‘lost land’ and the fate of migrants. Therefore, the activity of Polish institutions is initially shown in the European context, through recalling the legal framework and working conditions of so called East German museums commemorating the ‘German East’ lost by Germany. The question of the reasons for the disproportion in the presentation of the topic between Poland and Germany is posed, while the to-date achievements of Polish museologists are presented.
Non-equilibrium temperatures and heat transport in nanosystems with defects, described by a tensorial internal variable

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper deals with the meaning of non-equilibrium temperatures in nanosystems with an internal variable, describing defects inside them, and implications on heat transport. In equilibrium all definitions of temperature lead to the same value, but in nonequilibrium steady states they lead to different values, giving information on different degrees of freedom. We discuss the caloric and entropic non-equilibrium temperatures and the relations among them, in defective nanosystems (crystals with dislocations or porous channels, carbon nanotubes in a solid matrix and so on), crossed by an external energy flux. Here, we present a model for nanocrystals with dislocation defects submitted to an external energy flux. The dislocations may have a strong influence on the effective thermal conductivity, and their own dynamics may be coupled in relevant way to the heat flux dynamics. In the linear case the constitutive relations, the rate equations for the internal variable and the heat flux are worked out and a generalized telegraphic heat equation is derived in the anisotropic and isotropic case, describing the thermal disturbances with finite velocity.
From Margin to Mainstream: Retranslation of Early Chinese History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper sets out to examine the diachronic movement of the three English versions of Zuozhuan 左傳 (Commentary of Zuo) by James Legge ([1872] 1991), Burton Watson (1989), and Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li, and David Schaberg (2016) with the time span of nearly one century and a half based on paratextual analysis. Zuozhuan, listed as one of the thirteen ‘Chinese canons,’ is the core Confucian narrative history recording the turbulent period in the pre-Qin dynasty between 722–468 BCE. The current literature often involves the examination of its narrative, key words interpretation, and comparative study with other historiographies; however, there has been little discussion about the English translations of the historical texts. Drawing on Lawrence Venuti’s retranslation theory, the present study explores the retranslation of Zuozhuan in terms of the translators’ agency, the intertextual relationship with the other historiographies, and the role of history. Our results indicate that Legge explores the comparative and the scholarly value from the Victorian moral standard and Protestant ideology. Watson, by contrast, places priority on its narrative feature in the late twentieth century. Durrant et al. highlight literariness and the scholarly and the pragmatic value at the start of the new millennium. The research reveals the translators’ endeavor to change the status of early Chinese history from periphery to centrality through literary features and easier accessibility while preserving the academic value. This research not only sheds new light on the cause and value of the retranslations but also investigates the application of the retranslation hypothesis on the newly-targeted data of the historical canon.
CTNI-52. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF USING RADIOTHERAPY WITH CONCURRENT TEMOZOLOMIDE AND TUMOR TREATING FIELDS FOR CHINESE PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVES Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) has been shown to improve the overall survival of newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) when combined with Temozolomide (TMZ) in the EF-14 trial. Preclinical studies suggested synergistic effects between TTFields and radiotherapy. This study is aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of combination therapy (chemoradiation concurrent with TTFields treatment) for ndGBM patients in China. METHODS From July 2020 to May 2021, 33 ndGBM patients were treated with combination therapy (radiation target volume following NCCN guidelines). Eight patients had transducer array removed during radiotherapy, others retained transducer array on scalp. All patients had assessment every two months by MRI scan. The adverse reactions and monthly compliance data for TTFields treatment were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-five patients have completed the combination therapy. Three patients retained transducer array during radiotherapy but did not limit the scalp dose (mean: 21.7Gy). As a result, Grade 2 cutaneous adverse reactions developed, and TTFields treatment was suspended. Four patients suspended TTFields treatment due to other adverse reactions. The remaining patients who had limited scalp doses (mean &lt; 20Gy) had no suspension or delay in combination therapy due to cutaneous adverse reactions. The median time of TTFields treatment during radiotherapy is 21.24 hours/day (IQR:19.26,22.08). Two patients had progressive disease, 1 died of pulmonary infection, and 30 had stable disease. The incidence of cutaneous AE was 48.5% (16/33), Grade1: 27.2% (9/33), Grade 2: 21.2% (7/33), and Grade 3: 3% (1/33). CONCLUSIONS The combination therapy was well tolerated in Chinese patients with ndGBM. Removing transducer array during radiotherapy may increase the frequency of array replacement while reducing the patient's daily treatment time. However, retaining transducer array will increase cutaneous adverse reactions. Scalp dose limitation is required yet it allows a maximum duration of TTFields. Further follow-ups are ongoing.
CO Observations of a FeLoBAL Quasar with an Hα $\alpha$ Absorption Line at z = 2.3

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract SDSS J083942.11+380526.3 is an Iron Low-ionization Broad Absorption Line (FeLoBAL) quasar at $z=2.3$, and Aoki et al. (2006) recently found the presence of an H$\alpha$ absorption line in the broad H$\alpha$ emission line. Motivated by an idea that this quasar may be a huge molecular gas reservoir in the early phase of quasar evolution, we made CO($J=3$–$2$) observations of it using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array. No significant CO emission was detected; although an emission-like feature ($2.5\sigma$) was seen close ($\sim 2^{\prime\prime}$) to the quasar, we regard it as noise. The obtained 3$\sigma$ upper limit on the CO luminosity is $L^{\prime}_{{\rm CO}(J=3\mbox{-}2)} = 4.5 \times 10^{10}$ K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^2$, which corresponds to $M({\rm H}_2) = 3.6 \times 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ if we adopt CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor of 0.8 $M_{\odot}$ (K km s$^{-1}$ pc$^2)^{-1}$. This upper limit is comparable to $L^{\prime}_{{\rm CO}(J=3\mbox{-}2)}$ (and thus the molecular gas mass) detected in quasars and BAL quasars at $z=1$-3, and no sign of the presence of the huge amount of molecular gas in this FeLoBAL quasar was obtained.
LHD Halpha #185007.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Toroidal visible array to measure toroidal distribution of H-alpha and He-I, ratio of helium to hydrogen: H/(H+He) or D/(D+He), and particle recycling and edge tau_p. H-alpha and He-I line emissions are detected by photomultipliers passing through an interference filter. H/D influx ratio can be also minitored by resolving H-alpha and D-alpha line profiles.
HOE 23408, A NEW SELECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A series of field, growth chamber, and laboratory experiments showed that HOE 23408 [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy propionic acid methyl ester] as a post-emergence herbicide provided selective control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Seteria viridis L. Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) equal to or better than barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) over a growth period extending from the 2- to 5-leaf stages in both weed species. Wheat was highly tolerant to HOE 23408 at all growth stages, while with barley there was some leaf mottling and suppression of both shoot and root development. The 6-row cultivars Gait, Bonanza and Conquest largely recovered from the effects, but the 2-row cultivar Betzes suffered significant yield reduction. HOE 23408 moved mainly in an acropetal direction when applied to different parts of the wild oats plant. Application made on or below the meristematic area of the stem apex caused necrosis and eventual death of the entire plant. Phytotoxicity following soil application was markedly less than with foliar application. Indications were that it was also more phytotoxic to the emerging weeds via shoot than via root contact. Although HOE 23408 is relatively insoluble in water, it leached to a limited extent in soils.
Vibrational assignments for the Raman and the phosphorescence spectra of 9,10-anthraquinone and 9,10-anthraquinone-d8

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational assignments for the Raman and the phosphorescence spectra of 9,10-anthraquinone and 9,10-anthraquinone-d8Kevin K. Lehmann, John. Smolarek, Omar S. Khalil, and Lionel. GoodmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 9, 1200–1205Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100472a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100472a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Uses of the Shield of David. On Heraldic Seals and Flags, on Bible Manuscripts, Printer's Marks and Ex Libris

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After having given attention to the Shield of David as a Jewish symbol in general and as a magic symbol in antiquity and medieval times,1 we intend to present a further correction of the common thesis which claims that the six-pointed star has become a Jewish symbol only since the nineteenth century. In the following we will point out many examples of six-pointed stars as Jewish symbols from the twelfth century onward and then conclude that already in early medieval times many Jews had used the sign as a symbol expressing Jewishness.
Requirements Engineering Process Improvement and Related Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Requirements Engineering (RE) is a key discipline in software development, and several standards and models are available to help assess and improve RE processes. However, different standards and models can also help achieve different improvement goals. Thus, organizations are challenged to select these standards and models to best suit their specific context and available resources. This chapter presents a review of selected RE-specific and generic process improvement models that are available in the public domain. The review aims to provide preliminary information that might be needed by organizations in selecting these models. The chapter begins with analyses of how RE maturity is addressed in the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) for Development. Then, it describes the principal characteristics of, and the assessment and improvement framework applied in four RE-specific process assessment and improvement models: the Requirements Engineering Good Practice Guide (REGPG), the Requirements Engineering Process Maturity(REPM), the Requirements Capability Maturity Model (R-CMM), and the Market-Driven Requirements Engineering Process Model (MDREPM). This chapter also examines the utility and lesson learned of these models.
Primary drug resistant tuberculosis in the Central Chest Clinic, Colombo.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the introduction of RMP and EMB in the treatment regimens from mid-1970s the incidence of tuberculosis and rate of primary drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs has not changed significantly (p > 0.05) when compared with the results of studies conducted previously (2, 3). However, it is recommended that regular surveillance of drug sensitivity pattern should be maintained to determine alternate drug regimes and to detect the spread of resistant strains in the community.
Within-category discrimination of musical chords: Perceptual magnet or anchor?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent speech research has demonstrated that the presence of prototypes may be reflected in the internal structure of speech categories. Some speech results have found lower discrimination in a vowel P context compared to a NP context, suggesting that a prototype may function as a perceptual magnet, effectively decreasing perceptual distance, and thus, discriminability, between stimuli. The current study examines the function of prototypes in a musical category; another natural, but nonspeech, category. Prototype (P) and nonprototype (NP) sets of major triad stimuli were constructed, with stimuli in the P set being more representative of the category than the NP stimuli. Musically experienced subjects rated the stimuli in each set for goodness as a major triad, with the highest rated stimulus serving as a prototype standard for a subsequent discrimination task. Results from the discrimination task demonstrated better performance in the prototype context. The current nonspeech results appear to follow predictions based on classification and perceptual models (to be discussed), and provide a natural, nonspeech contrast to speech findings. The results will also be addressed in terms of music perception, including aspects such as different temperment systems and the differential importance of chord components.
A miscarriage of justice in the RATPAC trial?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor Having read the three papers published on the Randomised Assessment of Treatment using Panel Assay of Cardiac Markers (RATPAC) trial,1–3 I have come to the conclusion that there has been a major miscarriage of justice. That miscarriage of justice relates to diagnostic equipment used in the standard treatment protocols for the hospitals involved in the RATPAC trial (Beckman Access, Centaur CP and Roche E170). The point-of-care testing (POCT) was not convincingly vindicated in this trial but the other equipment and methods were deemed by association of the data to be inadequate. A cursory examination …
Financial Options in Islamic Contracts: Potential Tools for Risk Management الخيارات المالية في العقود الإسلامية: الأدوات الممكنة استعمالها في إدارة المخاطر

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper attempts to undertake an Islamic assessment of financial contracting in the global currency markets. Some basic currency-related contracts in mainstream finance, such as, spot transactions, options, forwards, futures, swaps are examined in the light of Islamic norms of financial ethics, such as, freedom from riba, gharar, jahl, qimar and maisir. The study also highlights the views of Islamic scholars on various conventional as well as Shariah-based contractual mechanisms. In cases where there is some degree of divergence of views, the study examines the nature and source of disagreement as also the implications and economic significance of the arguments. In view of the overwhelming importance of currency risk management in volatile markets, the study undertakes an assessment of the various financial contracts as risk management tools. --
Assessment of embryotoxicity of urban highway runoff in Manila using the Zebrafish (Danio renio) embryo toxicity (ZFET)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban highway runoff contains a complex mixture of contaminants which are known to be embryotoxic to the aquatic biota. While there have been a number of studies that focus on the inorganic contaminants found in urban highway runoff (e.g.. heavy metals), few have emphasized on the organic contaminants present in urban highway runoff. In this study, an assessment on the embryotoxicity was performed using the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZFET). Urban highway runoff samples were collected from five sample sites in Manila and were used as the test samples while 5% acetone and reconstituted water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Prior to chemical analysis, water chemistry parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, and salinity were measured. An identification of the possible organic toxicants was conducted using GC-MS analysis. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc analysis was conducted to compare mortality and abnormality rates with the positive and negative control. Only the urban highway runoff samples collected from Sites 1 and 5 were found to be highly embryotoxic and showed no significant difference (p>0.05) with that of the positive control (5% acetone). GCMS results showed that Sites 1 and 5 were sources of chromone derivatives, dioxolane, and phthalates. Site 5 had the highest concentration of organic contaminants and consequently registered the highest mortality among the exposed zebrafish embryos. Pearson correlation analysis for toxicological indices and water chemistry parameters revealed no correlation while the presence of increasing concentrations of organic toxicants showed significant association with increased incidence of 24hpf coagulation and delayed hatching. Given these results, we support the claim that the presence of these organic toxicants impact embryo development in aquatic biota.
Topical benzoyl peroxide increases the sebum excretion rate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Topical benzoyl peroxide increases the sebum excretion rate Get access C. Pierard‐Franchimont, C. Pierard‐Franchimont Department of Dermatology, CHU de Baviére, University of Liége, Bid. de la Constitution 66, B‐4020 Liege, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Melotte, P. Melotte Department of Dermatology, CHU de Baviére, University of Liége, Bid. de la Constitution 66, B‐4020 Liege, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.E. Pierard G.E. Pierard Department of Dermatology, CHU de Baviére, University of Liége, Bid. de la Constitution 66, B‐4020 Liege, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 4, 1 April 1984, Page 506, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04669.x Published: 01 April 1984
Towards Gender Equality and Economic Empowerment: An Analysis of Demographic Components of Rural Women in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was to analyze some demographic variables influencing the participation of rural women in the informal sector of Imo State, Nigeria.Descriptive analysis was applied on the data collected from a survey conducted in nine Local Government Areas of Imo State.Two thousand, three hundred and forty women were selected using multistage sampling.The selection of nine LG As constituted the first stage and the selection of eighteen communities constituted the second stage.After selecting these villages/communities, we chose some households from these selected villages.In the fourth stage, we selected the wife of head of household or the head of household (if female).Results obtained showed that rural informal economic activities by women are affected by the following demographic variables; age, household size, number of children, marital status, place of residence and place of work in their attempt to improve the living standard of the rural women.The results also revealed that demographic variables within rural areas are dynamic in terms of space.Since the women's activities rely heavily on family labor, the implication is the absence of a social welfare scheme, the presence of child labor, and little or no observance of the minimum wage requirement.Government policies should be formulated in this regard.