jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The expression of a proliferation-inducing ligand in bladder carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression profile of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in bladder carcinoma. Methods The SP immunohistochermical method was used to detect the APRIL expression level in 19 cases of bladder carcinoma with recurrence, 46 cases of bladder carcinoma without recurrence, and 8 cases of normal bladder tissues. A comparison was made between recurrence group and non-recurrence group, and among the pathological grades. Results The immunohistochemistry revealed that the positive rate of APRIL in 19 cases of bladder carcinoma with recurrence was 94.7% (18/ 19) , 82. 6% (38/46) in 46 cases of bladder carcinoma without recurrence, and 0 (0/8) in 8 cases of normal bladder tissues, among the pathological grades, G1, G2, G3, respectively was 76. 2% (16/21), 85.7% (18/21), 95. 7% (22/23). The positive rate and the score of staining intensity of APRIL in normal bladder tissues, tissues of bladder carcinoma without recurrence, and tissues of bladder carcinoma with recurrence were gradually increased (P<0.05). The difference among the pathological grades had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that the APRIL expression could be a valuable prognostic marker for tumor occurrence, development and recurrence in bladder carcinoma.

Key words:
Bladder carcinoma; A proliferation-inducing ligand; Immunohistochemistry
RESEARCH ARTICLE Efficient Mating-Type Switching in Candida glabrata Induces Cell Death

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Candida glabrata is an apparently asexual haploid yeast that is phylogenetically closer to Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to Candida albicans. Its genome contains threeMAT-like cassettes,MAT, which encodes eitherMATa orMATalpha information in different strains, and the additional loci, HML and HMR. The genome also contains an HO gene homolog, but this yeast has never been shown to switch mating-types spontaneously, as S. cerevisiae does. We have recently sequenced the genomes of the five species that, together with C. glabrata, make up the Nakaseomyces clade. All containMAT-like cassettes and an HO gene homolog. In this work, we express the HO gene of all Nakaseomyces and of S. cerevi-siae inC. glabrata. All can induce mating-type switching, but, despite the larger phylogenetic distance, the most efficient endonuclease is the one from S. cerevisiae. Efficient mating-type switching in C. glabrata is accompanied by a high cell mortality, and sometimes results in conversion of the additional cassette HML. Mortality probably results from the cutting of the HO recognition sites that are present, in HML and possibly HMR, contrary to what hap-pens naturally in S. cerevisiae. This has implications in the life-cycle of C. glabrata, as we show that efficientMAT switching is lethal for most cells, induces chromosomal rearrange-ments in survivors, and that the endogenous HO is probably rarely active indeed.
Complex ultrasonography in the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic impairments in patients with portal hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale. Hepatorenal syndrome is a threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The occurrence of renal dysfunction associated with hepatorenal syndrome manifestations significantly affects the condition severity, the disease duration, and the survival time during the waiting period for liver transplantation. The study purpose was to investigate the potential of a complex ultrasonography examination in the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic impairments in patients with various diffuse liver diseases. Material and methods. The ultrasound examination results of 167 patients were analyzed. The 1st group included 28 patients with confirmed diffuse liver diseases of viral etiology who did not have signs of cirrhosis formation, the 2 nd group included 139 patients with liver cirrhosis due to diffuse liver diseases of various etiologies, and the 3-rd group included 137 patients who had previously been in the 2nd group in whom orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. Results. The study revealed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of secondary hemodynamic impairments in kidney function in patients with liver cirrhosis and no relationship of their severity and incidence to the disease etiology, and also to such markers of the portal hypertension severity as splenomegaly, ascites, and portal vein thrombosis. Conclusions. The resistive index measured on the renal arterial branches by Doppler ultrasound, has a certain predictive value in relation to hepatorenal syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis of various origins. This also makes it possible to timely identify a group of patients at a high risk of developing severe renal dysfunction and to assess the efficacy of the treatment that has been given.
Sustainable food supply chains: overcoming key challenges through digital technologies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a consolidative approach in exploring the potential contribution of digital technologies in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) for the sustainable performance of food supply chain business, through the circular economy concepts. Design/methodology/approach As a single case study, this qualitative, interpretivist research was based on one of the largest food producers in the United Kingdom. The research utilises semi-structured interviews and applies thematic analysis to offer rich insights into SSCM challenges and their relationship with the business performance, through ten in-depth interviews. Findings Findings derived from thematic analysis of the interview transcripts suggest four main critical success factors underpinning SSCM practices and businesses performance – i.e. business continuity, waste reduction, performance measurement approach, and organisational learning, which could use the help of digital technologies to improve. This led to seven propositions to be addressed in the future research. Originality/value This research offers real, practical insights into SSCM challenges, within the context of food supply chain and explores the potential of digital technologies in overcoming them. Accordingly, the primary contribution of this work is grounded in the identification of critical success factors in SSCM for food supply chains (FSC). Hence, this work contributes further to the literature on SSCM, as well as circular economy, by providing a study of a business in the context of the highly pertinent and valuable food industry.
Robust Quadrupedal Locomotion on Sloped Terrains: A Linear Policy Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, with a view toward fast deployment of locomotion gaits in low-cost hardware, we use a linear policy for realizing end-foot trajectories in the quadruped robot, Stoch $2$. In particular, the parameters of the end-foot trajectories are shaped via a linear feedback policy that takes the torso orientation and the terrain slope as inputs. The corresponding desired joint angles are obtained via an inverse kinematics solver and tracked via a PID control law. Augmented Random Search, a model-free and a gradient-free learning algorithm is used to train this linear policy. Simulation results show that the resulting walking is robust to terrain slope variations and external pushes. This methodology is not only computationally light-weight but also uses minimal sensing and actuation capabilities in the robot, thereby justifying the approach.
International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ), Mental and Behavioural Disorders Section

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The International classification of diseases (ICD) is the global standard for the diagnosis, treatment, research, and statistical reporting of health conditions, including mental and behavioral disorders. This entry provides a basic description of the ICD with regard to practice and research in clinical psychology and related disciplines. A brief overview summarizes the history of the ICD and its section on mental and behavioral disorders. Next, separate sections describe the full ICD‐10 system, the Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines, the Diagnostic criteria for research, and other related resources. Similarities and differences between the ICD and the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) are examined. Finally, the entry concludes with a discussion of the current usage, impending changes, and future directions for the ICD within the context of global mental health care.
Foy & Gibson catalogues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cover titles vary: Winter catalogue (1902; 1910; 1918; 1920; 1922; 1926; 1927; 1929; 1931) --Summer catalogue (1906-07; 1910-11; 1919-20; 1920-21; 1922; 1926-27) -- Summer catalogue, Perth (1922-23; 1927-28) -- Winter catalogue, Perth (1925; 1931) -- Spring fashions (1922) ; Spring & summer fashions (1923-24) -- Spring and summer catalogue (1911-12; 1912-13, 1928, 1929-30; 1930-31) -- Autumn and winter catalogue (1912; 1913; 1935) -- Spring & summer Foy & Gibson's suggestions (1918-19) -- Summer catalogue fashions and household furnishings (1920-21) -- Winter catalogue fashions and furnishings (1922) -- Spring fashions (1922) -- Spring & summer fashions (1924-25) -- Xmas catalogue (1922) -- Catalogue: furniture, furnishings, chinaware, hardware (1922) -- Reprint of the original catalogue (1923) -- Autumn & winter fashions and general catalogue (1923; 1924) -- Spring & summer fashions and general catalogue (1923-24) -- Autumn winter, Brisbane (1929) -- Autumn & winter, Adelaide (1929; 1930) -- Gibsonia gazette, Perth (1926; 1927; 1929) -- Foys Christmas bargain carnival (1935) -- Catalogue Big Store, Prahran (1929-30) -- Foys Christmas catalogue (1960?) -- Foys winter fair (n.d.) -- How to furnish the new way (n.d.).
Two New Trijugin‐Type Limonoids from Cipadessa cinerascens

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two new trijugin‐type limonoids, cipatrijugins G and H ( 1 and 2 , resp.) along with four known limonoids, were isolated from the leaves of Cipadessa cinerascens. All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and ESI‐MS and HR‐ESI‐MS techniques.
<title>Substrate-removed 850-nm RCLEDs and small core (63/125 um) plastic optical fibers for optical data communication</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Current developments in computer technology give rise to increasing data communication over relatively short distances at backplane- and inter MCM interconnect level. It is foreseen that electrical interconnect will not be able to accommodate the necessary data traffic in advanced data processing systems in the future and hence a bottleneck will be created. A potential remedy for this interconnect problem is the use of parallel optical datalinks. In this paper we propose small diameter step index plastic optical fiber ribbons in combination with high efficient resonant cavity LED's as a cheap and feasible option for these optical links. A design for such an optical link is presented with special, attention for the optical pathway. Experimental results on the optical properties of the used POF are shown. We describe the development of RCLED's at 850 nm specially designed for efficient coupling into POF. We measured a RCLED to POF coupling efficiency up to 40%. Additionally we report on the technologies used for the fabrication and assembly of the optical pathways and finally some experiments were carried out on the first realized assemblies.
Strong Two‐Phonon Correlations and Bound States in the Continuum in Phononic Waveguides with Embedded SiV Centers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Quantum phononic systems have attracted great attention in quantum science and technology. However, it is quite difficult to realize strong phonon–phonon interactions at the few phonon level in phononic systems, since direct interactions between phonons are generally very weak. Here, the phonon transport properties and the phonon–phonon interactions in a 1D phononic waveguide with embedded silicon‐vacancy (SiV) centers are studied. The authors show that, mediated by the SiV centers, strong phonon–phonon interactions can be realized due to coherent interferences of the emitting phonon waves with the incident waves. In particular, the embedded color centers can induce an effective attractive or repulsive interaction in space for phonons, corresponding to phonon bunching or antibunching. Besides, it is found that a single SiV center can capture two resonant phonons simultaneously, forming a phononic bound state in the continuum. Comparing with photon–photon interactions in photonic systems, the phonon–phonon interactions are stronger for relatively slower phonon velocity and the strongly correlated phonon properties are promising for constructing various all‐phonon quantum devices in quantum information processing.
Localization of the mosaic transmembrane serine protease corin to heart myocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Corin cDNA encodes an unusual mosaic type II transmembrane serine protease, which possesses, in addition to a trypsin-like serine protease domain, two frizzled domains, eight low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor domains, a scavenger receptor domain, as well as an intracellular cytoplasmic domain. In in vitro experiments, recombinant
human corin has recently been shown to activate pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone essential for the regulation of blood pressure. Here we report the first characterization of corin protein expression in heart tissue. We generated antibodies to two different peptides derived from unique regions of the corin polypeptide, which detected immunoreactive corin protein of approximately 125±135 kDa in lysates from human heart tissues. Immunostaining of sections of human heart showed corin expression was specifically localized to the cross striations of cardiac myocytes, with a pattern of expression consistent with an integral membrane localization. Corin was not detected in sections of skeletal or smooth muscle. Corin has been suggested to be a candidate gene for the rare congenital heart disease, total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) as the corin gene colocalizes to the TAPVR locus on human chromosome 4. However examination of corin protein expression in TAPVR heart tissue did not show evidence of abnormal corin expression. The demonstrated corin protein expression by heart myocytes supports its proposed role as the pro-ANP convertase, and thus a potentially critical mediator of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean: 1. A new, analytical model with continuous vertical resolution and high‐latitude dynamics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A new, simple analytical model of ocean chemistry is presented which includes continuous vertical resolution, high‐latitude dynamics, air‐sea exchange and sea ice cover. In this high‐latitude exchange/interior diffusion‐advection (HILDA) model, ocean physics are represented by four parameters: k and w , an eddy diffusion coefficient and a deep upwelling velocity in the stratified interior; q , a rate of lateral exchange between the interior and a well‐mixed, deep polar ocean; and u, an exchange velocity between surface and deep layers in the polar ocean. First, estimates are made of ice‐free and ice‐covered areas at high latitudes, surface temperatures, and air‐sea exchange velocities from available data. Then values of the physical parameters are estimated from simultaneous, least mean square fits of model solutions for temperature ( T ) and “abiotic” carbon 14 (Δ 14 C) to interior profiles of T and Δ 14 C and surface layer Δ 14 C values all derived from available data. Best fit values for k , w , q , and u are 3.2×10 −5 m 2 s −1 , 2.0×10 −8 m s −1 , 7.5×10 −11 s −1 and 1.9×10 −6 m s −1 respectively. These results are interpreted in terms of modes of ocean circulation and mixing and compared with results from other simplier and more complex models. In parts 2 and 3 of this series, these values for k , w , q and u are taken as inputs for studying phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon cycling in the global ocean with the HILDA model.
Klebsiella plasmid K21 is not involved in the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The possibility that a plasmid carried by Klebsiella pneumoniae plays a role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis was explored. K. pneumoniae K21 contains a congruent to 25-kb plasmid, but this plasmid is not present in lymphocyte DNAs of ankylosing spondylitis HLA-B27 patients, as demonstrated by molecular hybridization experiments.
Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acne vulgaris is the most common disorder seen in general dermatology practice, accounting for approximately 10% of visits each year. Both sexes and all ethnicities are affected, usually in the late preteenage or early teenage years. Both inflammatory and comedonal lesions of acne vulgaris characteristically involve the face, but truncal involvement is also relatively common. Multiple clinical presentations may be observed, with severity often progressing over time during adolescence. Severe forms of acne vulgaris can be especially disfiguring and debilitating, and are more likely to lead to permanent scarring. Therapeutic options are chosen primarily on the basis of clinical severity, with adjustments in treatment made on the basis of response or disease progression. Rosacea begins in adulthood, usually in the third decade of life or later. The disorder predominantly affects the central face in fair-skinned people, mostly those of northern European ancestry, although individuals of any race may be affected. Rosacea may present as one or more of a variety of clinical phenotypes (subtypes); it is a chronic disorder characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. Fortunately, rosacea is not associated with scarring, although a subset of patients may develop localized proliferations of sebaceous and fibrous tissue called a phyma. Like acne vulgaris, rosacea may also adversely impact quality of life. Figures in this chapter illustrate acne vulgaris and inflammatory papules. Tables detail laboratory evaluation for women with acne vulgaris and hyperandrogenism, surgical/physical modality options for specific acne lesions and acne scars, major topical therapies for acne vulgaris, and commonly prescribed systemic therapies for acne. This chapter contains 50 references.
Digitalization of tourism objects as a tool for the development of cultural tourism in Kazakhstan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Relevance. In the process of the decomposing of the social and economic relations in the 21st century, it is necessary to note that they are increasingly formed and modified on the basis of the digitalization process. Obviously, this factor has also affected the tourism sector, especially as a result of the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, since Kazakhstan and in all the world has introduced quarantine restrictions referred to procedures for entry and exit from the country, as well as visits to public places and a certain list of places. Purpose. The goal of this research is the study of the process of cultural tourism development in Kazakhstan by digitalizing the objects of such tourism. Methodology. In order to achieve the performance targets in the article various methodological tools were used, including functional and dialectical approaches, also a method of synthesis, analysis, comparison, deduction, generalization. Results. The study produced a number of important results that can be divided into two categories, specifically, theoretical and practical. Subsequently, the theoretical part elaborates on the main properties of signs of the general-theoretical concepts that formed the basis and the object of the research. In the practical part elaborates on direct ways and tools for digitization of various touristic units, and also analyses the impact of this process on the development of cultural tourism in Kazakhstan and in other developed countries. Conclusions. The study can form the basis of key government programs that set sights on the development of the tourism sector and the potential of Kazakhstan. A priority area for further scientific development on the subject is the identification of approaches and ways to increase the popularity of domestic tourism in Kazakhstan. Keywords: information and communication technologies; tourism platforms; tourism services; digital transformation; pandemic; cultural tourism
The Use of Amphiphilic Nickel Chelate for Catalytic Aquathermolysis of Extra-heavy Oil under Steam Injection Conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Amphiphilic nickel chelate catalyst was prepared and used in the viscosity reduction process of extra-heavy oil by aquathermolysis. The results showed that the amphiphilic nickel chelate had a good catalytic performance in the aquathermolysis, and the viscosity of extra-heavy oil San56-13-19 was reduced by 96.26% at 200°C. The structure and group composition of the heavy oil were tested and analyzed by thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, gas chromatography, elemental analyzer, vapor pressure osmometry, and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance before and after the aquathermolysis. It was found that the pyrolysis of asphaltene played a key role in viscosity reduction during the catalytic aquathermolysis. Many reactions happened during the catalytic aquathermolysis, such as pyrolysis; ring opening; ring closing of C–S, C–C, C–N, C–O, and hydrogenate; and desulfurization of C=C, C=N, C=O, and S=O. It also found that aromatic sulfonic nickel causes more changes of the asphaltenes and sulfur-containing groups.
A Historiography of Nationalism: And the Case for Scandinavia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project surveys the historiography of nationalism and its theoretical shortcomings. It builds upon the work of emerging theorists and revisionists across a wide variety of disciplines and this project then contextualizes nationalism and its related theories in the 19th and 20th centuries. After establishing a firm history, the project ends with a quick survey of Medieval Scandinavian History and suggest that this region developed a proto-nationalism during the period. Moreover, this project looks to insert the developments of the Middle Ages into the scholarly discourse surrounding nationalism. In opposition to modernist theories of nationalism—who point to the French and Industrial Revolutions as the beginning of nationalism—this paper situates the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the “Discovery of the New World” to demonstrate how nationalism emerged more slowly in Europe. Lastly, this paper concludes that nations/nation-state formation and nationalism are examples of the combination of social, political, economic, religious, and ethnic movements that include periods of flux and trans-regionally vary.