jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Placental Cellular Immune Response in Women Infected with Human Parvovirus B19 during Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human parvovirus B19 can cause congenital infection with variable morbidity and mortality in the fetus and neonate. Although much information exists on the B19-specific antibody response in pregnant women, little information is available describing the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response at the maternal-fetal interface. The focus of this study was to characterize the CMI response within placentas from women who seroconverted to B19 during their pregnancies and compare it to controls. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify the various immune cells and the inflammatory cytokine present within placental tissue sections. Group 1 consisted of placentas from 25 women whose pregnancies were complicated by B19 infection; 6 women with good outcome (near-term or term delivery), and 19 with poor outcome (spontaneous abortion, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, or fetal death). Group 2 consisted of placentas from 20 women whose pregnancies were complicated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis of known, noninfectious etiology. Group 3 consisted of placentas from eight women whose pregnancies ended in either term delivery or elective abortion. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of CD3-positive T cells present within placentas from group 1 compared to group 2 or 3 (13.3 versus 2 and 1, respectively) ( P < 0.001). In addition, the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 2 was detected in every placenta within group 1 but was absent from all placentas evaluated from groups 2 and 3. Together, these findings demonstrate evidence for an inflammation-mediated cellular immune response within placentas from women whose pregnancies are complicated with B19 infection.
Integrated analysis of variants and pathways in genome-wide association studies using polygenic models of disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many common diseases are highly polygenic, modulated by a large number genetic factors with small effects on susceptibility to disease. These small effects are difficult to map reliably in genetic association studies. To address this problem, researchers have developed methods that aggregate information over sets of related genes, such as biological pathways, to identify gene sets that are enriched for genetic variants associated with disease. However, these methods fail to answer a key question: which genes and genetic variants are associated with disease risk? We develop a method based on sparse multiple regression that simultaneously identifies enriched pathways, and prioritizes the variants within these pathways, to locate additional variants associated with disease susceptibility. A central feature of our approach is an estimate of the strength of enrichment, which yields a coherent way to prioritize variants in enriched pathways. We illustrate the benefits of our approach in a genome-wide association study of Crohn's disease with ~440,000 genetic variants genotyped for ~4700 study subjects. We obtain strong support for enrichment of IL-12, IL-23 and other cytokine signaling pathways. Furthermore, prioritizing variants in these enriched pathways yields support for additional disease-association variants, all of which have been independently reported in other case-control studies for Crohn's disease.
Identification of Surface EMG – Angular Velocity Model using Artificial Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

EMG signals have a significant role in many biomedical and clinical applications like control of prosthetic devices and powered exoskeletons, biomedical movement analysis, etc.This paper aims in developing an accurate model which relates surface EMG (sEMG) signals acquired from the biceps and triceps muscle with the Angular Velocity of fore-arm.The main difficulty that arises while modelingsEMG -Angular Velocity signals is its black-box nature.For solving this problem a nonlinear system identification techniques based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used.Finally the performance of "sEMG -Angular Velocity" model developed using ANN will be compared with models obtained by using system identification parametric models like ARX (linear) and Hammerstein model (nonlinear).The models are developed and compared by using the software LabVIEW.
Planning and Power in Iran: Ebtehaj and Economic Development under the Shah. ByFrances Bostock and Geoffrey Jones · London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 1989. xi + 238 pp. Illustrations, references, bibliograpny, and index. £22.50.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Planning and Power in Iran: Ebtehaj and Economic Development under the Shah. ByFrances Bostock and Geoffrey Jones · London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 1989. xi + 238 pp. Illustrations, references, bibliograpny, and index. £22.50. - Volume 64 Issue 1
LHD ICHPXI #72366.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Genotype X Environment Interaction for Storage Root Yield in Sweetpotato Under Managed Drought Stress Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Most crops, including sweetpotato vary widely in yield performance across different agro-ecological environments. This study was set up to determine the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) for storage root yield performance of 24 sweetpotato genotypes in eight environments; two locations - Kiboko and Thika, two moisture stress conditions - drought stress and no drought stress, and two years - 2011 and 2012 in Kenya. Plots of three rows each of 10 plants per genotype, at density of 0.9 m × 0.30 m were panted during dry season under split plot design replicated twice. Managed irrigation was applied to control moisture stress during the growth period. Fresh storage root yield (FSR) data was collected, and drought susceptibility indices (DSI) determined. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) genotype main effect by genotype-environment (GGE) interaction biplots and regression analyses were done using Genstat 14th edition to determine GEI effects. The environment, genotype main effects, and the GEI were all significant (P < 0.001). The DSI showed significant variation of genotypes in different environments. The highest yielding genotypes across the environments were G7, G14, G15, and G10 while most stable genotypes were G5, G22 and G2 and the least stable was G24. Thus, genotypes G5, G22 and G2 may be used across environments, while genotypes G7 and G14 could be used, 1) in specific locations to boost production under unpredictable rainfall conditions, 2) incorporated into drought screening breeding programmes to develop a new generation of drought tolerant sweetpotato varieties to meet changing climatic conditions.
Community Development Approaches to Improving Public Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

1. I can do it, you can do it: a community development approach to health promotion for individuals with disabilities M. Elizabeth Kemeny, Robert Arnold and Michael Marge 2. Community-wide obesity prevention: re-connecting public health, urban planning, and public policy in three Missouri communities Phillip Valko, Jennifer Allen, Cynthia Mense, Sarah Worthington, Janice Sommers, Ross Brownson and Mariah Dreisinger 3. Opportunity for Unity collaborative: building healthy communities by empowering young adults Melissa M. Pearrow 4. Home grown: the trials and triumphs of starting up a farmers' market in Waianae, Hawaii Christy Inda, Anuenue Washburn, Sheila Beckham, Bryan Talisayan and Desiree Hikuroa 5. Using health impact assessment in community development to improve air quality and public health Kim Gilhuly, Marnie Purciel, Lili Farhang, Jennifer Lucky, Emily Celia Harris, Jonathan Heller and Edmund Yet Wah Seto 6. Farmers' markets in low income communities: impact of community environment, food programs and public policy Candace Young, Allison Karpyn, Nicky Uy, Katy Wich and Jonathan Glyn 7. Ciclovia in Chicago: a strategy for community development to improve public health Maryann Mason, Sarah B. Welch, Adam Becker, Daniel R. Block, Lucy Gomez, Adolfo Hernandez and Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar 8. Applying innovative approaches to address health disparities in native populations: an assessment of the Crow Men's Health Project Paul R. Lachapelle, Tim Dunnagan and James Real Bird 9. Nuestro futuro saludable: connecting public health research and community development in partnership to build a healthy environment Linda S. Martinez, Uchenna Ndulue and Flavia C. Perea 10. Public health agenda setting in Louisiana: an applied index and implications for community development policy Lesley Taylor Grover and Eric Horent
CBIO-01. INHIBITION OF EXTRACELLULAR CARBONIC ANHYDRASES INHIBITS GLIOBLASTOMA CELL INVASION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas metabolize glucose preferably by glycolysis which is in accordance with the Warburg effect. This induces a high demand of glucose combined with a significant lactic acid load. The hypoxia-inducible carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX has been shown to moderate the extrusion of hydrogen ions into the extracellular space. Since the acidification of the extracellular environment contributes to host tissue invasion due to activation of proteolytic enzymes, we hypothesized that CA IX plays an important role in malignant glioma Recently, specific small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme have been developed and may provide an innovative strategy for anti – invasive treatment. METHODS Two established and 4 primary GBM cell lines (2 with mesenchymal and 2 with proneural transcriptional profile) were exposed to the CAIX inhibitor U104 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cell toxicity was measured by ATP and crystal violet assay. For invasion assessment, a matrigel invasion chamber system with 8 µm pore size polycarbonate filter was used. CAIX expression was analyzed by quantitative RTPCR and Western Blot. RESULTS Hypoxia significantly induced CAIX expression in all cell lines. Invasiveness increased significantly under hypoxic conditions in the mesenchymal cells (p &lt; 0.01). Regardless of oxygenation status, the mesenchymal group displayed significantly higher invasiveness compared to the proneural group (p = 0.006). Looking at all cell lines, invasion is significantly inhibited by U104, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (p &lt; 0.01). However, while the mesenchymal group showed the highest susceptibility to CAIX inhibition followed by the proneurally differentiated group, the established cell lines were entirely refractory to CAIX inhibition. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that CAIX inhibition can effectively inhibit invasion in malignant glioma cells independent from oxygenation status, however the effects are significantly influenced by cell type specific biological features.
The Influence of Asymmetrical Distribution of Hemispheric Sunspot Areas on Some Solar Parameters’ Periodicities during the Period 1945–2017: Wavelet Analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Monthly data of some solar parameters (the solar radio flux F 10.7, the plage area PA, the coronal index CI, the solar mean magnetic field B , and the solar flare index SFI) during the period 1945–2017 have been classified into two groups (northern and southern) based on the distribution of the monthly averages of the hemispheric sunspot areas (SSAs). This has been done to investigate the symmetry and/or asymmetry in periodicities between the hemispheric groups for these parameters by utilizing the Morlet wavelet technique. For each of the considered parameters except B , it is observed that the most dominant and significant period (above the 95% confidence level) in both the wavelet spectra (WPS and GWS) for both hemispheric groups is the solar activity cycle at 10.7 yr during the entire time interval. The power values for other periods appeared to be quite small relative to that of the 10.7 yr period, and of less significance (below the 95% confidence level). For B , the most remarkable sign is the disappearance of the prominent peak of the solar activity cycle. The Hale cycle is clearly seen in both hemispheric groups of B , with a slight shift in time between the two hemispheric groups, and it increased through the entire considered duration. Periodicities of 10.7, 3.5, 1.5, and 0.8 yr have been observed in the northern hemispheric group of the parameters SSAs, F 10.7, PA, CI, and SFI, indicating a possible correlation between them. For the southern hemispheric group, however, periodicities of 10.7, 5.4, and 0.8 yr have been revealed for the parameters F 10.7, PA, and CI.
Computer Vulnerability, Consequences and Preparedness - Experiences from World Trade Center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To report the consequences of the computer system breakdown for three New York hospitals involved with the terrorist attack of September 11, the immediate measures performed to maintain function, and the following recovery and planning processes. Methodology Analysis of the experiences from the course of the event both with regard to the computer systems, the urgent salvage procedures, the impact on the functions in the hospitals, the existance/function of reserve systems, and the impact on planning for the future. Results The analysis showed an extensive dependence on computer technology for all functions in the hospitals and to a great extent abscense of prepared reserve or backup procedures. A dramatic cross-campus effort saved and restored the computer operations of the three involved hospitals, using Mount Sinai's resources as a backup. The experiences resulted in a plan to minimize or if possible eliminate these risks for dysfunction of the medical care system in similar events in the future. Conclusions An extensive and rapidly expanding computer dependance within the medical care system has led to a new and perhaps not fully realized hazard in connection to major accidents and disasters, involving a risk for severe impairment of critical functions. It is possible to employ computer backup systems, but this is a resource- and time-consuming process and does not eliminate the need of other prepared reserve systems.
A Simple Transfer-Function-Based Approach for Estimating Material Parameters From Terahertz Time-Domain Data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A novel parametrically efficient approach to estimating the spectra of short transient signals is proposed and evaluated, with an application to estimating material properties, including complex refractive index and absorption coefficient, in the terahertz frequency range. This technique includes uncertainty analysis of the obtained spectral estimates, allowing rigorous statistical comparison between samples. In the proposed approach, a simple few-parameter continuous-time transfer function model explains over 99.9% of the measured signal. The problem, normally solved using poorly numerically defined Fourier transform deconvolution methods, is reformulated and cast as a time-domain dynamic-system estimation problem, thus providing a true time-domain spectroscopy tool.
HIV, Consent and Criminal Wrongs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over a decade has elapsed since, in R. v. Cuerrier, the Supreme Court of Canada concluded that those who knowingly fail to disclose HIV positive status to their sexual partners are criminally culpable. Since then, the use of the criminal law in these circumstances has been criticized. It is suggested, in particular, that advances in the treatment of HIV-AIDS render several of Cuerrier’s key premises tenuous and in need of reconsideration. The Supreme Court has created an opportunity for such reconsideration in two appeals: R. v Mabior and R. v. DC. In this article we suggest that the Court should reconsider Cuerrier in a fundamentally different way, engaging more squarely with the boundaries of sexual assault. We believe that much of the criticism of Cuerrier, while thoughtful and important, proceeds from questionable premises of criminal responsibility that carry serious implications for the concept of consent to sexual activity.
Health system structure and its influence on outcomes: The Canadian experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare delivery systems in Canada are structured using three models: individual institutions, health regions, and single provincial systems, usually with smaller geographic zones. The comparative ability of these models to improve care, outcomes, and the Quadruple Aim is largely unstudied. We reviewed Canadian studies examining outcomes of provincial healthcare delivery system restructuring. Across models, results were inconsistent, and quality of evidence was low. For all provinces, primary care sits outside healthcare delivery systems, with limited governance and integration. The single provincial model can reduce costs of non-clinical support functions like finance, human resources, and analytics. This model may also be best at reducing variations in care, improving electronic information integration that enables clinical decision support and reporting, and supporting the provincial spread and scale of innovations, but further refinements are required and existing studies have major limitations, limiting definitive conclusions.
Overview of engine oil replacement technologies in internal combustion engines of agricultural machinery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article reviews four existing technologies for replacing engine oil and a method for determining its suitability for improving economic efficiency. It is established that the oil is replaced according to the need in accordance with the defect indicators. This technology of oil condition is characterized by a more complete use of its resource. The frequency of replacement is determined by the indicators of condition, which is monitored by special sensors built into the engine lubrication system. However, the difficulty of using this technology is due to the lack of high-quality devices for monitoring the state of running engine oil in the engine.
Category Markers or Attributes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To clarify the role of labels in early induction, we compared 16-month-old infants' ( n = 114) generalization of target properties to test objects when objects were introduced by the experimenter in one of the following ways: (a) with a general attentional phrase, (b) highlighted with a flashlight and a general attentional phrase, (c) via a recorded voice that labeled the objects using a naming phrase, (d) with a label consisting of a count noun embedded within a naming phrase, (e) with a label consisting of a single word that was not marked as belonging to a particular grammatical form class, and (f) with a label consisting of an adjective. Infants relied on object labels to guide their inductive inferences only when the labels were presented referentially, embedded within an intentional naming phrase, and marked as count nouns. These results suggest that infants do not view labels as attributes of objects; rather, infants understand that count-noun labels are intentional markers denoting category membership.
Children, Family, and the State in Sweden

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The designation of domestic relations laws as increasingly 'child-centred' is one indication of the general concern expressed today for the welfare of children.' There are few societies or political parties in which the protection of children and promotion of their interests would not be asserted as urgent priorities. Industrialized countries are faced with the need to develop policies on a range of common issues affecting children. These include providing protection from physical and sexual abuse, securing financial support from non-custodial parents and safeguarding the welfare of children at a time of high divorce rates. The formulation of a family policy must take place against the background of demands for greater equality between the sexes, increased employment of women outside the home, expanding demand for labour and low birthrates.
ARE THE EFFECTS OF ECOSYSTEM NITROGEN SATURATION, INDUCED BY CHRONIC SIMULATED N DEPOSITION, RAPIDLY REVERSIBLE?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel follow-on study examines the recovery of ecosystem processes in 2018, following the cessation of chronic N deposition additions from 1994 to 2017 to a series of northern hardwood forest stands in Michigan. This recovery study focuses on the response to reduced N deposition of dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) in soil solution and leaf litter N concentration. The findings suggest that even after N treatment to the system had stopped, N saturation was sustained, as soil solution outputs of nitrogen from the system were approximately equal to ambient N deposition inputs. Leaf litter N also remained elevated which could lead to a continuation of many of the other responses associated with elevated N, including elevated DOC leaching. The study sites continue to exhibit effects of N saturated ecosystem during the first year of recovery, but more time will be needed to fully understand the long term recovery effects reduced N inputs to the ecosystems.
Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Downstream Debakey-I Aortic Dissection Surgery Anesthesia Management Analysis of the Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss deep hypothermic circulatory arrest downstream Debakey-I type A aortic dissection surgery anesthesia management methods.Methods October 2011 to 2013 in our hospital six cases Debakey-I in patients with aortic dissection,aneurysm surgery,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest implement clinical data before and after their surgery narcotic treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Results 5 patients rewarming feeling good,cardiac resuscitation,no significant renal failure and neurological symptoms,such as reaction,6 cases of rewarming poorly after repeated ventricular fibrillation,spontaneous circulation is difficult to establish return ICU emergency auxiliary heartbeat,diagnosis and treatment of invalid eventual death.Six patients with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and the superior vena cava retrograde perfusion time for 27,33,55,64,105,122 min.Conclusion For deep hypothermic circulatory arrest downlink Debakey-I type A aortic dissection surgery tumor anesthesia key good preoperative work circulatory function and stability,steady and smooth induction of anesthesia,the protection of the heart and brain and multiple organ systems and the body environment balance.