jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PAPR: Proximity Attention Point Rendering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Learning accurate and parsimonious point cloud representations of scene surfaces from scratch remains a challenge in 3D representation learning. Existing point-based methods often suffer from the vanishing gradient problem or require a large number of points to accurately model scene geometry and texture. To address these limitations, we propose Proximity Attention Point Rendering (PAPR), a novel method that consists of a point-based scene representation and a differentiable renderer. Our scene representation uses a point cloud where each point is characterized by its spatial position, influence score, and view-independent feature vector. The renderer selects the relevant points for each ray and produces accurate colours using their associated features. PAPR effectively learns point cloud positions to represent the correct scene geometry, even when the initialization drastically differs from the target geometry. Notably, our method captures fine texture details while using only a parsimonious set of points. We also demonstrate four practical applications of our method: zero-shot geometry editing, object manipulation, texture transfer, and exposure control. More results and code are available on our project website at https://zvict.github.io/papr/.
The Language of Vision*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The descriptions of surfaces, objects, and events computed by visual processes are not solely for consumption in the visual system but are meant to be passed on to other brain centers. Clearly, the description of the visual scene cannot be sent in its entirety, like a picture or movie, to other centers, as that would require that each of them have their own visual system to decode the description. Some very compressed, annotated, or labeled version must be constructed that can be passed on in a format that other centers—memory, language, planning—can understand. If this is a “visual language,” what is its grammar? In a first pass, we see, among other things, differences in processing of visual “nouns,” visual “verbs,” and visual “prepositions.” Then we look at recursion and errors of visual grammar. Finally, the possibility of a visual language also raises the question of the acquisition of its grammar from the visual environment and the chance that this acquisition process was borrowed and adapted for spoken language.
Update on the Pharmacotherapy of Obesity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To review recent developments in the pharmacotherapy of obesity, including the agents currently approved for use in the management of obesity and those under development. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search from January 1990 to July 1997 was conducted to identify English literature available on the pharmacotherapy of obesity. The search was supplemented by a review of the bibliographies of identified literature. Study Selection: All controlled and uncontrolled trials were reviewed. When available, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were used preferentially. Data Extraction: Agents were reviewed with regard to mechanism of action, clinical trial data regarding efficacy, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and contraindications where information was available. Study design, selected population, results, and adverse effect information were included. Data Synthesis: The anorexiants currently available or under development for the management of obesity regulate food intake and satiety via the adrenergic and/or serotonergic pathways. Clinical trials have shown a 10–15% weight loss can typically be anticipated; however, little long-term safety and efficacy data are available. Adverse events tend to be mild and self-limiting, but serious adverse events can occur. Treatment options under development include thermogenic agents, digestive inhibitors, and analogs and antagonists of hormones that regulate food intake and satiety. Conclusions: Several mechanisms to control weight are currently under investigation for the management of obesity. Since obesity is a chronic condition, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of these agents and the role of combination therapy using different modalities.
Misogyny and the Complete Gentleman in Early Elizabethan Printed Miscellanies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Tottel's Miscellany" disseminated in print a model of male courtly and cultivated behaviour in which the writing of aphoristic and amorous verse was central. This model produced a proliferation of printed miscellanies of verse in the early Elizabethan period, both single-author collections and anthologies, in which male courtly behaviour is defined in terms of the potentially contradictory ideals of elegant amorousness and well-framed virtue. Women overwhelmingly appear in such collections as figures of glamorous instability or sexual betrayal. Only occasionally, most notably in the collections of Isabella Whitney, does one find traces of the central importance, and active participation of women, in the earlier manuscript production of courtly verse.
On a subclass of analytic functions with negative coe-cient associated with convolution structure 1

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main object of this paper is to study the subclass SC(∞;‚;fl) of analytic univalent functions with negative coe‐cients in unit disc U = fz : jzj < 1g. Further coe‐cient estimates, distortion theorem and integral operators for this class are also obtained. We also discuss radii of convexity and closure properties for functions belonging to the class SC(∞;‚;fl).
Cushing's syndrome with adrenal suppression induced by inhaled budesonide due to a ritonavir drug interaction in a woman with HIV infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 48-year-old woman with HIV infection developed Cushingoid features while she was taking ritonavir-boosted darunavir. Cushing's syndrome was confirmed due to the drug interaction between ritonavir and budesonide. Diagnosis of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in HIV-positive patients who are on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) presents a clinical challenge due to similar clinical features of lipohypertrophy related to ritonavir-boosted PIs. Although this complication has been widely described with the use of inhaled fluticasone, the interaction with inhaled budesonide at therapeutic dose is not widely recognized.
Measurement of enteric methane from ruminants using a hand-held laser methane detector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study investigated the effectiveness of the proprietary laser methane detector (LMD) in enteric methane monitoring from individual dairy cows and sheep. Three experiments were carried out. First, the relationship between LMD and indirect open-circuit respiration calorimetric chamber measurements was tested. Sensitivity and specificity for cows were 95.4% and 96.5%. For sheep, sensitivity was 93.8% and specificity was 78.7%. Second, the effect of cow's activity on enteric methane emissions was investigated. During drinking and feeding, cows produced significantly more (p<0.001) methane emissions than when idle. Third, effect of different micrometeorological factors on LMD measurements under outdoor grazing conditions was investigated. Wind speed, relative humidity, pressure and wind direction relative to methane point-source had significant effect on methane measurements (p<0.001) under outdoor conditions. With further validation, the LMD has potential to provide reliable estimates from ruminants and hence provide a useful technique for on-farm monitoring and decision support for greenhouse gas mitigation strategies.
Interstellar Gas Flows in the Gravitational Potential Well of Density Waves (Poster paper)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One–dimensional numerical simulations of a large–scale flow of interstellar gas in galactic spiral density waves were produced using the approach described by Roberts (1969), Shu et al. (1972, 1973), Woodward (1975), Marochnik et al. (1983), Lubow et al. (1986), and Berman et al. (1990).
Bäcklund transformation of fractional Riccati equation and its applications to the space–time FDEs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the Bäcklund transformation of fractional Riccati equation is presented to establish traveling wave solutions for two nonlinear space–time fractional differential equations in the sense of modified Riemann–Liouville derivatives, namely, the space–time fractional generalized reaction duffing equation and the space–time fractional diffusion reaction equation with cubic nonlinearity. The proposed method is effective and convenient for solving nonlinear evolution equations with fractional order. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiband millimeter wave antenna array for 5G communication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a simulated design of millimeter wave square patch antenna 1×6 array on silicon and Roger RO4003 substrate for prominent multiple bands i.e. 58GHz-60GHz, 65GHz-68GHz, 72GHz-77GHz. Designed antenna can serve 5G cellular network as well as advance device-to-device (D2D) network which is special feature of 5G communication system to reduce end-to-end latency and to implement Mission Critical Push-To-Talk Communication (MCPTT) and Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) Communication. Designed antenna has peakgain of 9 dB and very high efficiency. Return loss for given bands at their resonant frequencies are as low as -35dB and total bandwidth of 9.57 GHz. Silicon is used under feeding network to enhance the bandwidth and reduce the size of feeding network and low dielectric material under patch to reduce dielectric loss thus maintaining the efficiency. Symmetrical parallel feeding network is used to enhance gain. Inset fed with quarter wave transformers are used for feeding and matching, along with maintaining the conformity. A novel design is used to kill the spurious radiation due to feed network, thus shaping the radiation pattern for cellular application. Overall size of antenna is 6.7mm×30mm×1.2mm compatible with miniaturized devices and is printable.
Economic Analysis of Crayfish Marketing in Anambra State, Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study examined the economics of crayfish marketing in Anambra State, Nigeria, Its specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of crayfish marketers: Identified the marketing channels of crayfish in the area; estimated the profitability of crayfish marketing by the intermediaries; estimated the marketing efficiency level attained .by the intermediaries; established the determinants of net marketing income realized by the marketers and identified constraints to crayfish marketing in the area. The multistage sampling procedure was used to select two agricultural zones (Onitsha and Awka), 12 daily markets and 120 respondents (60 wholesalers and 60 retailers) for the study. Well, a structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents for the cross-sectional data collection on the marketing variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique, Shephard-Futrell technique and multiple regression analysis. Findings on the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents revealed that there were more female than male in crayfish marketing and the majority (91%) of the respondents had no access to credit facilities. The study revealed three level marketing channels where the majority (78%) of the respondents identified channels one (fishermen/supplier wholesalers retailers consumers) as the most frequently patronized. The second channel was (fishermen retailers consumers), while the third was (fishermen wholesalers -restaurants/hotels). The report also indicated that the retailers realized more profit than the wholesalers and there was a high level of inefficiency among the wholesalers (95.12%) than the retailers (81.67%). Findings on the effects of socio-economic factors of the respondents on net marketing income showed that marital status, marketing cost, access to credit and product price had significant influences on net marketing income while age, gender, educational level and marketer's years of experience were not significant. The wholesalers identified inadequate storage facilities as the highest constraint to crayfish marketing in the area; followed by high transportation cost, high market fees, unstable price, lack of access to loan and inadequate capital. While the retailers implicated high market fees as their major constraint, followed by inadequate capital, unstable price, lack of access to loan, inadequate storage facility and high cost of transportation as the least problem.
The spending of public money in no-fee schools in the Sekhukhune district of Limpopo province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to investigate how no-fee schools spend public money.It investigated what the schools spend the money and how they do it. The research investigated how decisions of spending are taken by all the stakeholders at the schools. The research wanted to find out whether the public money in no-fee schools was wisely spent or not. The literature review found that education funding has been at the centre of political reforms since 1994 to address equality and equity. The introduction of no-fee schools was an attempt to increase accesstowards quality public education through provision of more resources. The research found evidence of non-compliance by schools in certain areas on how schools should use funds as provided by SASA. It was found that schools do not spend the public money according to the prescript guidelines. There was evidence of fruitless and unwise spending. The research found that the powers that were given to schools SGBs through SASA were sometimes usurped by school principals asa result of the void created by the SGBs. It was revealed that some schoolsissue fraudulent cheques. Despite the no fee policy, schools still charge certain compulsory fees. The research revealed that certain functionaries directly involved in the use of school money still lack proper financial training, knowledge and skills. Despite the allocation of resources through the no-fee schools policy to schools, there were findings of inefficient and fruitless spending. Some of the sampled no-fee schools showed non-compliance with the guidelines in regard to correct spending and accountability. The different roles and responsibilities of each component of the SGB need to be clarified. Officials need to assist in this regard. There is a need for continuous training by education officials of SGBs on the utilization of school money. There is a need for improved monitoring and supervision as money cannot be utilized without proper monitoring and supervision. Despite the reports that are given to stakeholders there are still complaints from parents that need to be fully addressed by SGBs. Copyright
Feedforward control for curve steering for an autonomous road vehicle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By the example of turning right, it is shown how autonomous mobile robots obtain additional basic skills by implementing special behavioral patterns. Autonomy is based on processing black and white monocular video image sequences in real time, supported by the 4-D approach for both vehicle state and road recognition. This approach makes use of recursive filter algorithms for estimating state variables. A feedback controller turns them into actuator signals, leading to reflex-like behavior. This mode of behavior is extended here by a rule-based one for feedforward controllers, which convert a desired pattern of behavior to actuator signals; depending on the special application to actuator signals, these may be superimposed onto those of the feedback controller, or the latter one may be suspended for some time and then newly initialized.< >
Common errors and daily management of pharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The hospital pharmacy is one of the most important parts of the hospital,it is mainly responsible for dispensing and supplying a variety of drugs the hospital needs,and providing advice and guidance services. It plays an important role in no minute substitute in the hospital medical,scientific research and so on. Strengthen the quality management of pharmacy is a necessary means to prevent and reduce the occurrence of pharmacy errors. At present,the common error types of pharmacy management work include the doctor's prescription dosage,improper error,free delivery,administration frequency error,pharmaceutical dosage form error,administration time error,drugs,drug taking method error and so on. These errors have caused great potential safety hazard to patients. According to the main types of current errors and reasons,I will discuss something from the aspects of drug management,system management,personnel management and medication consultation before taking drugs and so on,so that we can reduce and avoid the pharmacy daily errors and improve patients' safety.
Relationship between preoperative basal serum gastrin concentration and acid secretion after proximal gastric vagotomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 81 patients with duodenal ulcer, the preoperative basal serum gastrin concentration was positively correlated to basal acid output after proximal gastric vagotomy and negatively correlated to the decrease in basal acid output exerted by the operation. The preoperative basal concentration of gastrin in serum was found to distinguish between high and low basal acid output after operation, 40 pg/ml being the discriminatory level.
A new mud shrimp species of Calastacus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) from the South China Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new mud shrimp species of the deepwater calocaridid genus Calastacus Faxon, 1893, C. inflatus, is described on the basis of a single specimen from the South China Sea off the Pratas Islands. It is unique in the genus in having a faint cervical groove on the carapace, lacking spiniform projection at the dorsolateral distal angle of the second segment of the antennal peduncle, the possession of only one spine on the ventral margin of the merus of the cheliped, and the unarmed suture on the uropodal exopod. With the addition of the present new species, two species of the genus are now known from the West Pacific.
Fuzzy Inference System Algorithm of Plant Classification for Tea Leaf Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Biologists found that the morphological, physiological, bio-chemical and molecular methods of plant identification are found to be laborious and require great amount of technical knowledge. This research paper concentrates on the identification of varieties of tea using leaf images. It aims to identify the species in an easy and an accurate manner. Methods/Statistical analysis: The phases involved in this work are image pre processing, feature extraction and classification. Three classification algorithms such as Fuzzy Inference system, Radial basis function network and K-nearest neighbour were used and optimized to achieve a better accuracy and execution time. Results/Findings: The classification algorithm K-nearest neighbor, Radial basis function neural network and Fuzzy Inference System are trained with 40 samples and tested using 20 samples. Conclusions: Fuzzy Inference System has a better accuracy and a lesser execution time, when compared to the other classification algorithm.Keywords: Classification algorithm, Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), Leaf Recognition, Pre-processing
Supramolecular Association in the System Water−Lysozyme−Lithium Perfluorononanoate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mixtures containing water, lysozyme (LYS), and a fluorinated surfactant (LiPFN) have been investigated in a wide range of protein-to-surfactant ratios. Depending on composition, sample consistency and coexistence of the different phases, different experimental methods were used. Volumetric, viscometric, surface tension, potentiometric (by a home-built ion-selective electrode), turbidity, optical polarizing microscopy, and 19F NMR experiments were used. The results obtained from the above methods have been interpreted in terms of a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic contributions to the stability of the different phases formed in the water−LYS−LiPFN system. Solutions, gel phases, and precipitates have been observed in the range investigated in more detail. Multiphase regions have also been observed. Such rich polymorphic behavior implies the existence of interactions between the protein and surfactant. The gel phase is presumably formed by interconnections between micelles and protein-surfactant complexes, held together by protein-bound micelles and forming, presumably, interconnected necklace structures. The overlapping of different protein-surfactant aggregates to form gels requires a significant amount of time. Its formation obeys a volume fraction statistics; the width of the gel phase, in fact, is controlled by the amount of protein−surfactant complex.
Supplementary Movie 1 from Early Prediction of Cancer Progression by Depth-Resolved Nanoscale Mapping of Nuclear Architecture from Unstained Tissue Specimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Movie 1: This movie shows the depth-resolved nuclear architecture map of unstained tissue, derived from nanoNAM of segmented epithelial cell nuclei, reveals gradually changing patterns over depth (0.045 micron step size).</p>
Comparative Analysis of Free and Glycoconjugates Oligosaccharide Content in Milk from Different Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Human milk is important for infant growth, and oligosaccharides are one of its main functional nutrients. To enable a systematic comparison of free oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate content in milk from different species, the phenol-sulfuric acid and resorcinol assays were combined to determine the content. Using real samples, the method revealed that human milk contained the highest amount of total, neutral (9.84 ± 0.31 g/L), and sialylated (3.21 ± 0.11 g/L) free oligosaccharides, followed by goat milk, with neutral (0.135 ± 0.015 g/L) and sialylated (0.192 ± 0.016 g/L) free oligosaccharides and at a distance by bovine and yak milk. The highest total glycoconjugate content was detected in yak milk (0.798 ± 0.011 g/L), followed by human, bovine, and goat milk. These findings suggest that goat milk is the best source of free oligosaccharides in infant formula and functional dairy products and yak milk is the best source of glycoconjugates.