jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polycondensation in Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Preparation of Carbons and Carbon−Carbon Nanotube Composites

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Deep eutectic solvents (DES, a new class of ionic liquids) have been used as solvents to carry out the polycondensation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF). RF gels were characterized by FTIR and solid <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Solid <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the use of DES containing small amounts of water (those required to introduce formaldehyde in the solution) favored RF polycondensation as compared to that carried out in regular aqueous conditions (that is, in absence of DES). RF polycondensation also occurred in DES in its pure state (in this case, after lyophilization) albeit the reaction efficiency was difficult to evaluate given to partial elimination of formaldehyde. Carbonization of any of the RF gels obtained in DES (e.g., with or without water) resulted in the formation of monolithic carbons with conversion rates and carbon contents in range to and even slightly above those obtained in aqueous solutions. Finally, we took advantage of the excellent solvent properties of DES to suspend carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the starting sol. Polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in DES also containing CNTs in suspension allowed the preparation of carbon−carbon nanotube RF gels and ultimately (i.e., after thermal treatment) carbon composites, having multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) homogeneously distributed within the whole monolithic structure.
Identifying Risk Factors Associated with Hypertension in Different Age Groups at Sindh University Employees Housing Society Phase I Jamshoro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hypertension is recognized as the leading cause of mortality in the 21st century. It has emerged as a significant and complex health issue, necessitating well-designed treatment strategies and healthy lifestyle habits for its prevention and management. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the associated risk factors of hypertension in different age groups within the Sindh University Employees Housing Society Phase I, Jamshoro. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2 to March 30, 2024, at Sindh University Employees Housing Society Phase I, Ward No. 04, Union Council 23, Block A, Jamshoro. The study involved 70 households in Block A. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire focusing on hypertension-related questions. Convenient sampling technique was used to select participants. A total of 52 individuals known to have hypertension, based on their medical history and self-reported criteria, participated in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each participant, and all relevant information was provided before the interview. The study adhered to ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics to summarize the demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the participants and examining associations between hypertension and various risk factors. Results: Out of the 52 participants, 44 (84.6%) were male and 8 (15.4%) were female. Participants were categorized into four age groups: 18-27 years (13.5%), 28-37 years (9.6%), 38-47 years (38.5%), and above 48 years (38.5%). The highest prevalence of hypertension was observed in the age groups 38-47 years and above 48 years. Smoking was prevalent among participants, with 40 (76.9%) being current smokers. Physical inactivity was reported by 48 (92.3%) participants. A significant number of participants, 48 (92.3%), had a family history of hypertension. Non-compliance with hypertension treatment was observed in 35 (67.3%) participants. Additionally, 42 (80.8%) participants did not consume fruits frequently, and 44 (84.6%) were unaware that high salt intake could cause hypertension. Conclusion: Smoking, physical inactivity, and family history were identified as the most prominent risk factors for hypertension, particularly in males aged 38 years and above. Lack of awareness regarding dietary habits, medication adherence, and sleep patterns also contributed to the development of hypertension. Targeted interventions and comprehensive health education are needed to address these modifiable risk factors and improve hypertension management in the community.
The Food Euro in 2014 : value distribution of food expenditure and impact of agricultural prices increase

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In 2014, food consumption, including food services, contains 14.6% in value of domestic agricultural products. The total value added induced by €100 of food expenditure amounts to €65.1, the remainder being food and input imports (€10.3 and €14.8 respectively) and taxes (€9.8). Agriculture receives (or creates) 10% of the induced value added and 6.5% of the consumption expenditure. The shares of trade, catering and other services are respectively 24%, 21% and 22% of the induced value added, that of food industries is 18% and those of other industries is 5%. Since 1999, the distribution of the food euro has evolved as a result of the structural effects of the increasing incorporation of services into the food supply, the development of imports and the evolution of commodity prices, In particular, as a result of the CAP reforms, agricultural price support has fallen. Short-term changes in price ratios also play a role in inter-annual changes in the share of agriculture in the food euro. The jobs induced by food consumption are estimated in 2014 to 2.6 million full-time equivalents, of which nearly 70% excluding agriculture and food industries. These induced jobs have fallen by 7% since 1999, with growth in trade and services not offsetting the decline in agriculture and industry. The increase in household expenditure on household food products, which would automatically result from a 10% increase in the prices of domestic agricultural products, would be 4.4%, under an assumption of unchanged trade and transport margins. Of the total food consumption in domestic and imported products, including catering, this increase would be 2.7%; it would cover 20% of total household expenditure.
Օրգանիզմի կենսագործունեության առանձնահատկությունները թթվածնաքաղցի պայմաններում

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

At the present stage of scientific and technical progress, the impact of adverse environmental factors on the body has significantly increased, among which oxygen deficiency plays an essential role. Oxygen deficiency is a common phenomenon that acts as a critical target in the pathology of various diseases. The study of the subtle mechanisms of regulation of the body's vital activity under hypoxic conditions is extremely relevant, as it contributes to the development of new adaptive methods that will allow the body to withstand adverse environmental conditions and maintain its functionality in these conditions.
Exploring the Efficacy of Nonlinear Filters in CMOS for 2-D Signal Processing for Image Quality Enhancement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study rigorously investigates the effectiveness of nonlinear filters in CMOS for 2-D signal processing to enhance image quality. We comprehensively compare traditional linear filters’ performance, which operate on the principle of linearity, with nonlinear filters, such as the median-median (Med-Med) approach, designed to handle nonlinear data. To ensure the validity of our findings, we use widely accepted metrics like normalized squared error (NSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM) to quantify the differences. Our simulations and experiments, conducted under controlled conditions, demonstrate that nonlinear filters in CMOS outperform linear filters in removing impulse noise and enhancing images. We also address the challenges of implementing these algorithms at the hardware level, focusing on power consumption and chip area optimization. Additionally, we propose a new architecture for the Med-Med filter and validate its functionality through experiments using a 9-pixel image sensor array. Our findings highlight the potential of nonlinear filters in CMOS for real-time image quality enhancement and their applicability in various real-world imaging applications. This research contributes to visual technology by combining theoretical insights with practical implementations, paving the way for more efficient and adaptable imaging systems.
Analysis of The Teacher'S Role in Learning Management in a Talent-Based Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The talent-based curriculum is a school-specific curriculum developed by SMA INS Kayutanam. This curriculum guides principals and teachers to develop their learning management. The purpose of this research is to analyze the teacher's role in learning management in the talent-based curriculum that has been implemented in the school. The approach used is a qualitative approach with a case study research method. Data collection tools in this study are interviews and observation. The results of the study concluded that the teacher's role in talent-based curriculum management: a) learning planning, which is seen in the preparation of talented lesson plans and syllabus b) implementation of learning as a learning facilitator to control students so they do not make uniform work, and c) assessment of learning outcomes carried out namely the assessment of the competency-based testing system approach. The implications of the research are to be carried out by the SMA INS Kayutanam by conducting professional teacher development in the development of a school-specific curriculum.
In Vivo Pilot Study Regarding the Effects of Amoxicillin on Blood Glucose Levels, Body Weight and Water Intake

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Amoxicillin it is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agent and the first intention in the short-term treatment of infections in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) chronic administration on the laboratory mice�s body weight (BW), water intake and values of non-fasting blood glucose levels (n-FBG). Thus, twenty-eight C57BL/6 male mice, of similar age, randomly divided into a control and 3 treatment groups (n = 7) received subcutaneous injection, once per day, for 60 days. During the experiment the n-FBG, daily water intake, and BW changes were recorded every 10 days. The results of our study revealed that the chronic administration of AMC, at a concentration of 100 and 150 mg/kg BW/day, increased capillary n-FGB, and can be associated with a significant increase in the BW and daily water intake in mice.
Mental Model Updating Process in Air Traffic Control

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This contribution is part of a broader research conducted at the CENA (French Research Center for Civil Aviation) to provide a better understanding of air traffic control cognitive activity while evaluating a new decision support system for air traffic controllers called Erato. Our objective is to show that the ability to handle the traffic implies for controllers to update their mental model of the situation in order to synchronize their action to the dynamic environment.
Translingual practices and national identity mediated in the semiotized digital spaces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Considering the contradictions in the structured and static approaches to the nation and national identity observed world-wide and fluid trans - approaches to language in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics, the paper explores how national identity is constructed and sustained nowadays, specifically in digital spaces both discursively and non-discursively. Based on the notion of ‘practice’ by Theodore Schatzki (2002) , the paper focuses on the translingual practices in relation to national issues and events in Bangladesh drawn from digital spaces through a virtual ethnography. The findings in this paper show that translingual practices and national identity may apparently seem fluid in digital spaces. However, actors nurture beliefs, values, and ideologies in their translingual practices with reference to a territory-based notion of nation, religion, and national identity. Their discursive construction of nation and national identity also seems entangled with a non-discursive bundle of activities and symbolic and material artefacts within material arrangements of spaces. Verbal violence and terrorism accentuating nationalism get immediacy and are concretized in materially mediated semiotized spaces. With an immediate focus on spatial dynamics, while acknowledging the ethos of the post-structuralist approach to language, the paper, hence, indicates the necessity of transgressing the ‘logocentrism’ in language and identity research in applied linguistics and contributing to the recent development in the post-humanist applied linguistics.
Context matters: a systematic review of neonatal care in humanitarian emergencies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Of the 15 countries with the highest neonatal mortality rates, 13 are characterised by conflict and political instability. Despite well-documented evidence of best practice interventions for neonatal survival, it remains less clear on how these practices are implemented in humanitarian emergency settings. Objective To conduct a systematic review of published and grey literature on the implementation strategies and challenges in addressing neonatal care in humanitarian emergencies. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL and Global Health for studies published between 1 January 2003 and 30 June 2018. Additionally, websites of organisations actively working in humanitarian emergencies were searched. Interventions were reviewed against the existing essential newborn care framework according to the standards outlined in the Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings Field Guide. Results Twenty-one studies were identified: eight reporting on conflict and refugee settings, nine followed natural disasters and four discussed multiple emergency settings. Few studies addressed all the components of essential newborn care outlined in the field guide regardless of the emergency type. The review of literature demonstrated challenges in addressing essential newborn care identified in all humanitarian settings including the lack of adequate equipment, financing, and trained staff. Implementation strategies identified included quality improvement training for staff, the development of evacuation procedures, integrating with local and government resources and generating spaces in health facilities specifically for newborn care. Conclusions The requirements and initiatives needed to deliver essential newborn care in humanitarian settings are highly variable and context dependent. Given the diversity of factors needing to be addressed by the field guide, more research should be directed towards the adaptability of the implementation strategies to differing emergency contexts. Trial registration PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42018098824
Mononuclear and binuclear copper(II) complexes of some polyfunctional pyridyl phthalazines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mononuclear and binuclear copper(II) complexes of the potentially tetradentate binucleating ligands 1,4-di(3′-methyl-2′-pyridyl)aminophthalazine (PAP3Me) and 1,4-di(5′-methyl-2′-pyridyl)aminophthalazine (PAP5Me) are reported. In the case of the ligand 1,4-di(4′,6′-dimethyl-2′-pyridyl)aminophthalazine (PAP46DiMe) only binuclear derivatives were obtained. The mononuclear complexes, involving protonated ligand, result from the sensitivity of these ligands to mildly acidic conditions in aqueous solutions of certain copper salts. Binuclear, neutral ligand, complexes are also formed when the pH increases. Hydroxy bridged binuclear structures exist in all the binuclear complexes described with the exception of one acetate bridged derivative. Sub normal magnetic moments are observed for all the binuclear complexes (< 1.74 BM) indicating spin coupled systems with very low values (< 0.88 BM) for binuclear complexes of PAP46DiMe, indicating the possibility of strong antiferromagnetic exchange between the metal centres.
Prohibition on Unjustly Shifting Burden of Sales Promotional Expenses and Use of Employees

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

유통업자와 납품업자 사이의 다양한 불공정행위를 규율하는 대규모유통업법상 많은 시정조치 실적이 있는 행위유형은 판매촉진비용의 부담전가와 납품업자 등의 종업원사용이다. 판매촉진행사를 실시하면 비용이 발생하기 마련인바, 제11조 제1항에서는 판매촉진비용의 부담 등을 납품업자등과 약정하지 아니하고는 이를 납품업자등에게 부담시키는 행위를 금지하고 있다. 이 규정은 대규모유통업자보다 거래상 열위에 있는 납품업자에 대하여 지나치게 과도한 판매촉진비용을 전가시키는 행위를 상대방에 대하여 불이익을 부과하는 행위라고 보고 이를 규제하려는 것이다. 판매촉진비용의 분담비율은 대규모유통업자와 납품업자등이 각각 해당 판매촉진행사를 통하여 직접적으로 얻을 것으로 예상되는 경제적 이익(예상이익)의 비율에 따라 정하는 것이 원칙이다. 그런데 대규모유통업자와 납품업자가 판매촉진행사를 통해 획득할 수 있는 경제적 이익이 용이하게 평가될 수 있는 성질의 것은 아니다. 또한 양 당사자가 실시하는 판매촉진행사를 통해 획득하는 이익이 과소평가되거나 혹은 과대평가 될 여지도 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 예상이익 비율 산정불가의 경우 예상이익이 같은 것으로 추정되며, 제11조 제4항에 따라 납품업자등의 판매촉진비용 분담비율은 최대 100분의 50까지만 인정된다. 대규모유통업법 제12조는 제1항 본문에서 “대규모유통업자는 납품업자 등으로부터 종업원이나 그밖에 납품업자 등에 고용된 인력을 파견받아 자기의 사업장에서 근무하게 하여서는 아니 된다”고 하여 납품업자등의 종업원 사용 금지를 규정하고 있다. 제12조는 원래 판매촉진비용의 부담에 관한 제11조의 규정과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 제11조에 대한 설명에서 볼 수 있는 바와 같이 납품업자가 판매자 보조를 제공하는 것은 판매촉진대상중 소매업체에 대한 판매촉진 수단에 해당하기 때문이다. 즉 납품업자는 자신의 제품을 받아 소비자에 대한 직접적인 판매활동을 수행하는 소매업체에 능력있는 보조자를 파견하여 효과적인 판매촉진 활동을 수행할 수 있다. 문제는 납품업자가 파견한 종업원 등으로 인하여 발생한 비용에 관하여 대규모유통업자와 납품업자가 어떻게 분담할 것인가이다. 대규모유통업법의 합리적인 해석과 시행을 통하여 유통업자와 납품업자 그리고 소비자에게 모두 이익이 되도록 하여야 할 것이다.
Growth of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly and the role of for-profit programs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a managed care program financed by capitated government payments that primarily serves adults aged 55 or older requiring nursing home level of care who are dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. While PACE programs have historically been nonprofit entities, in 2016, a regulation change allowed for-profit PACE programs to help expand the program. We describe PACE program growth from 2010 to 2022. Both the number of PACE programs and enrollees grew from 2010 to 2022. Yet, after allowing for-profits to enter the market, the enrollment rate of growth slowed overall (13.4% vs 7.0%), though for-profit program enrollment grew more rapidly compared to nonprofit programs (13.2% vs 5.7%). Entry of new programs drove for-profit growth primarily. Despite the growth of for-profit programs, most enrollees continued to receive care from nonprofit programs (78%) by 2022. Allowing for-profit programs did not increase PACE enrollment rates overall. Given emerging evidence that for-profit ownership in other health care sectors may reduce quality compared to nonprofits, policymakers should carefully monitor care quality and patient outcomes in PACE as for-profit entities increase.
Research Proposal submitted to the Southern Region Small Fruits Consortium Sub-Lethal Effects of Honey Bee Parasites on Rabbiteye Blueberry Pollination

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To determine whether sub-lethal levels of the honey bee parasite Varroa destructor reduce the pollinating efficacy of honey bees in rabbiteye blueberry Justification Rabbiteye blueberry production has been increasing throughout the Southeast over the past ten years (Krewer and NeSmith 2002, Scherm and Krewer 2003). Bee-mediated cross-pollination is considered essential for this high-value crop (Delaplane and Mayer 2000), and our lab and others have demonstrated the effectiveness of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in this capacity (Dedej and Delaplane 2003, 2004; Sampson and Cane 2000). However, pollination is generally regarded a limiting factor in production (Lyrene 2004). One reason for this pollination deficit is a general collapse of feral naturalized honey bee populations throughout the Southeast due to the introduction in the 1980s of the exotic parasitic bee mite Varroa destructor (formerly V. jacobsoni). Support for this view comes from a study in California in which a feral population of honey bees was shown to collapse after the arrival of V. destructor (Kraus and Page 1995). Under this scenario the free background of natural pollination has been severely diminished, and it is up to managed honey bee colonies to pick up the slack
The ultraviolet colour component enhances the attractiveness of red flowers of a bee-pollinated plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims Bee-pollinated flowers are rarely red, presumably because bees (which lack red receptors) have difficulty detecting red targets. Although the response of bees to red colour has been investigated in lab experiments, most stimuli have been pure red, while the subtle diversity of red as perceived by humans (human-red) has received very limited attention. Here we test the hypothesis that ultraviolet (UV) reflected from human-red flowers enhances their attractiveness to bees, through increased chromatic contrast. Methods Using Onosma confertum (Boraginaceae), a plant with UV-reflecting red flowers that are pollinated by bumblebees, we investigated the effects of UV reflection on pollinator responses by conducting phenotypic manipulation experiments in the field. Colour preferences of flower-naïve bumblebees were also examined. Colour perception by bumblebees was estimated in terms of chromatic and achromatic contrast, based on two different colour perception models. Important Findings We found that both natural and flower-naïve bumblebees strongly preferred visiting UV-reflecting targets compared with UV-absorbing ones. Colour models show that the UV-reflecting flowers exhibit higher spectral purity and higher chromatic contrast against the foliage background, whereas they have similar achromatic contrast in terms of green receptor contrast. These results indicate that the component of UV reflection increases chromatic contrast in O. confertum, enhancing the visual attractiveness of these red flowers to bumblebees. We further infer that the secondary reflectance might be a necessary component in human-red flowers that are primarily pollinated by animals without red receptors, such as bees.
Influence of curcumin and carbazole on ovine ovarian preantral follicle and granulosa cell functions

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of plant bioactive compounds curcumin and carbazole on sheep ovarian functions. In the present study, both the bioactive compounds were tested at different levels (Control, T1-1 μM, T2-5 μM, T3-10 μM, T4- 25 μM, T5- 50μM, T6-100 μM) on preantral follicle (PF) growth rate, survival rate (6 days culture), granulosa cell (GC) number increment (2 days culture) and estradiol production (5 days GC culture spent media). Curcumin had shown a significantly higher PF survival rate (%), i.e. 74.3±1.5, 76.3±1.4 at 10 and 25 μM levels respectively. Similarly, higher PF growth rates (μm per day), i.e. 16.1±0.9 was observed at 50 μM levels. Similarly, curcumin was effective @ 50 μM level to increase the granulosa cell number as well as estradiol production with a mean granulosa cell number (×105) and estradiol production (pg) values of 1.55±0.04 and 85.3±3.3 respectively. Likewise, carbazole was effective at the level of 25 μM to increase the PF growth rate (μm per day), survival rate (%)with mean values of 74.3±1.3, 12.1±0.9. Similarly, carbazole was effective at 50 μM dose levels in the granulosa cell number increment (×105) with a mean value of 1.57±0.02. No significant change in estradiol production was observed in carbazole treated group.