jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
USP18 Is Associated with PD-L1 Antitumor Immunity and Improved Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Compared with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, immunotherapy has improved the treatment outlook for a variety of solid tumors, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), and melanoma. However, it is effective only in certain patients, necessitating the search for alternative strategies to targeted immunotherapy. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP18 is known to play an important role in various aspects of the immune response, but its role in tumor immunity in CRC remains unclear. Methods: In this study, multiple online datasets were used to systematically analyze the expression, prognosis, and immunomodulatory role of USP18 in CRC. The effect of USP18 on CRC was assessed via shRNA-mediated knockdown of USP18 expression in combination with CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Finally, molecular docking analysis of USP18/ISG15 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was performed via HDOCK, and an ELISA was used to verify the potential of USP18 to regulate PD-L1. Results: Our study revealed that USP18 expression was significantly elevated in CRC patients and closely related to clinicopathological characteristics. The experimental data indicated that silencing USP18 significantly promoted the proliferation and population-dependent growth of CRC cells. In addition, high USP18 expression was positively correlated with the CRC survival rate and closely associated with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Interestingly, USP18 was correlated with the expression of various chemokines and immune checkpoint genes. The results of molecular docking simulations suggest that USP18 may act as a novel regulator of PD-L1 and that its deficiency may potentiate the antitumor immune response to PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in CRC. Conclusions: In summary, USP18 shows great promise for research and clinical application as a potential target for CRC immunotherapy.
Degradation Dynamics of Beta-cypermethrin in Apple and Soil and Its Residue Safety Evaluation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective]The propose was to study the residue dynamics of beta-cypermethrin in the apple and soil.[Method]The tests of degradation dynamics and final residue for beta-cypermethrin were conducted in 2 places of Beijing suburbs and Xiaoxian County of Anhui Province and the beta-cypermethrin contents were determined by gas chromatography.[Result]The average recoveries of beta-cypermethrin in the apple and soil were 83.19%-90.04% and 82.29%-90.50% resp.,with the relative standard deviation being 4.26%～9.65% and 5.46%～10.79%,resp.The degradation dynamics test showed that the beta-cypermethrin was more rapidly degraded in the apple than that in the soil and the degradation half-life of beta-cypermethrin in the apple and soil was 5.04-6.99 d and 8.95-13.64 d resp.The two-year experiment also showed that when the apple was sprayed with the 4.5% beta-cypermethrin ME at the recommended rate of 45 and 67.5 mg/kg for 2 to 3 times and the last application was done in the interval of 14d before harvesting,the residue of beta-cypermethrin in the harvested apple was lower than 2.0 mg/kg,indicating that it was safe to apply the beta-cypermethrin to the apple with the recommended rate.[Conclusion]The beta-cypermethrin belonged to the pesticide that was easy to be degraded and its residue amount had no significant correlation with its applying concn.and application times.
Effect of Pruning Intensity on Leaf Tissue Micronutrient Status in Three Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars under High Density Planting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pruning on leaf micro nutrient (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) status in nonfloral and floral shoots of three mango cultivars ('Amrapali', 'Mallika' and 'Dashehari') under high density planting during 2005-2007. All the three cultivars differed significantly in Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn content in leaves of non- floral as well as floral shoots. Pruning showed marked influence only on Cu and Zn content in the leaves of non- floral and floral shoots. Leaf nutrient status in terms of Fe and Mn also varied in cultivars irrespective of pruning intensity, and pruning did not have significant impact on Fe and Mn status in leaf tissue. Non-floral shoots had greater concentration of Cu and Zn than floral shoots in both the years of experiment. Highest Cu, Fe and Mn content was recorded in 'Mallika' mango, while, Zn content was highest in 'Dashehari' mango. Severe pruning (90 cm from apex) improved Cu and Zn content in leaves of non-floral shoots as well as floral shoots. The lowest amount of Cu and Mn was noted in 'Dashehari' leaves, while, 'Amrapali' had the lowest Zn and Fe content in both non-floral and floral shoots. Severely pruned 'Mallika' trees registered the highest amount of Cu, while lightly pruned 'Dashehari' trees had highest Zn content in their floral and non-floral leaves. Moderate pruning in' Mallika' enhanced Mn content in leave of non-floral and floral shoots. No-pruning in 'Dashehari' trees led to lower Cu content but Zn content was the least in lightly pruned 'Amrapali' trees. Severe pruning in 'Dashehari' trees drastically reduced Mn content. Thus, severe pruning in old mango trees may be advisable to improve micronutrient status in floral and non floral shoots.
Multiple Compound Composite Odontomas Of The Maxilla: A Report Of Two Cases

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Odontomas are benign mixed odontogenic tumours, considered to be developmental anomalies resulting from the growth of differentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells. It is the most common benign odontogenic tumour, usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine radiographic examinations. It can occur at any age, but are most common in the first two decades of life. It is more commonly seen in the anterior maxilla and frequently cause delayed eruption of teeth or retention of primary teeth. Morphologically odontomas are classified as compound and complex odontomas, in which the former resembles teeth whereas the latter being an irregular mass. This paper describes two cases of compound composite odontomas of anterior maxilla in 10 year old and 5 year old patients, with detailed clinical presentation, histopathological features and treatment aspects.
Enzymatic screening and genotypic characterization of thermophilic bacteria from the hot springs of Sarawak, Malaysia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Owing to their eccentric thermostable ability, thermophiles are among the most utilized extremophiles in various industries, such as manufacturing, and clinical research. Researchers believe that many unknown thermophiles are yet to be discovered. This study aimed to genotypically characterize the diversity of thermophiles and screen them for the potential production of enzymes in the recreational hot springs located at Northwest Coast of Borneo. Water samples were collected at 45 °C–50 °C from Annah Rais and Panchor hot springs during the sampling period from January 2018 to January 2019. Three samples (water and sediment) were collected twice in a 3-week interval from each pool of the sampling sites. Each water sample was diluted up to 10−3 and plated on thick nutrient agar at 55 °C for 24 h. Customized nutrient agar plus Bacto-agar plates were used for the optimum growth analysis of the isolates at 40 °C–90 °C for 24 h. The thermophiles were isolated, characterized biochemically, and amplified molecularly using DNA fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lipase, protease, gelatinase, amylase, catalase, and nitrate reductase enzymatic production was examined. Twenty-one thermophilic isolates were successfully characterized into seven clusters of Amnoxybacillus spp. and Geobacillus spp. by studying their phylogenetic dendrograms. Isolates AR10 and AR15 could produce most of the tested enzymes. All the isolates showed negative results in gelatinase and lipase production. PC14 was the only isolate that did not produce any of the enzymatic reactions in this experiment. The results showed that most of the thermophiles isolated from the two Borneo hot springs can synthesize enzymes and have potential to be thermostable. In conclusion, the search for the thermophilic producers of novel enzymes in Borneo is successful; further research must focus on their applications.
Trasplantation of larynx and trachea: both a present and future option Trasplantes de la laringe y tráquea, una opción para el presente y el futuro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Lost functions of the larynx and the trachea may be restored by different means, but none of them is physiologic and patients are left with functional difficulties and self-esteem disorders that alter the quality of their lives. Transplantation of these organs is an useful alternative but certain basic requirements concerning revascularization, reinnervation and immunosupression should be fulfilled. The former has been achieved through the knowledge of vascular territories and the advances in surgical techniques. Difficulties for reinnervation have no yet been thoroughly overcome but tone can be achieved in the vocal folds and functionality may be obtained by manipulation of their position. Immunosupression is produced with cyclosporine which requirements were determined in experimental models. The main reason for carrying out these and other transplantations is to improve the quality of life of persons who have suffered the loss of an organ. A review is presented on important aspects that have to be taken into account when performing these transplantations. </p> Las funciones perdidas de la laringe o la tráquea se pueden reemplazar de diferentes maneras; sin embargo, ninguna alternativa es fisiológica y los trasplantes quedan con dificultades funcionales y de autoestima que alteran la calidad de sus vidas, El Trasplante de estos órganos es una alternativa útil, pero deben cumplirse ciertos requisitos básicos en cuanto a la revascularización, la reinervación y la imunosupresión. El primero se logró con el conocimiento de los territorios vasculares y los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas. Las dificultades para la reinervación todavía no se han superado totalmente, pero se puede lograr tono en los pliegues vocales y obtener funcionalidad manipulando su posición. la inmunosupresión se logra con ciclosporina cuyos requerimientos se definieron en modelos experimentales. La principal razón para hacer estos y otros trasplantes es mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que han sufrido la pérdida de un órgano. Se presenta una revisión de aspectos importantes a tener en cuenta para llevar a cabo estos trasplantes.
Localization and mainstream emergence of hip-hop music in China: a critical transculturalism perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hip-hop culture has evolved into a global phenomenon, attracting extensive academic research on its adaptation and localization in different societies. However, most studies have either neglected the influence of political economic power on hybridization or have overestimated the rationality of the artists in hip-hop culture. This study adopted critical transculturalism theory to shed light on the agency and power relations involved in the localization and mainstream emergence of Chinese hip-hop music from both longitudinal and comparative perspectives. The findings, which are based on qualitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis of news articles published in the three golden years (2008, 2010, and 2017) of the development of Chinese hip-hop music, suggest that whereas cultural and political factors were influential on both the localization and mainstream emergence processes, economic factors played a greater role in mainstream emergence. The enhancement of literacy in professional knowledge aroused public interest, and the use of symbolic hybridity created a role model for underground rappers and attracted social attention. Both these factors helped Chinese hip-hop music enter the mainstream industry. The idea of symbolic hybridity proposed in this study, which provides a mesolevel perspective, is worth further research.
Supervision: Using the evidence to support our practice.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The function of supervision is to make people safe, quality practitioners. They feel able to do the job to the best of their ability and to give their clients the maximum service they can within a cost-effective system and the confines of their service delivery. (Ormond, 2004) Supervision is an activity that, when effective, contributes significantly to service delivery and the ongoing learning and development of staff. Conversely, an organisation dedicating considerable time to an activity that is not benefiting practitioners and clients actually detracts from direct service provision. A national supervision project was commenced in October 2004 to maximise the effectiveness of supervision in the Ministry of Education – Special Education (GSE). One of the goals of this project was to develop a national supervision framework outlining thekey indicators of effective supervision. A reference group was formed of thirteen staff spread across regions, tiers of the organisation, occupational groups and cultural perspectives, as well as extent of experience with GSE and with supervision. The group took an evidence-based approach to the project, with the term “supervision” encompassing professional, clinical and cultural supervision. This evidence-based approach was conceptualised as the intersection between the research evidence, practitioner expertise and the lived experiences of the people involved. Therefore, information was gathered from three main sources: a literature review (the research evidence), interviews with twelve luminaries in the field of supervision (practitioner expertise) and an internal online survey (the lived experience of the people involved). Additionally, reference group members scoped existing supervision practices in their districts and regions. The online survey, which had a response rate of nearly 40 percent, gathered a variety of quantitative and qualitative information on the current practices of staff in relation to supervision. Results from the survey, enhanced with information from districts, were used to develop a snapshot of supervision within the organisation. This snapshot was examined against the effective practices outlined by the literature and key luminaries, and informed the development of GSE’s national supervision framework. This article seeks to synthesise the evidence underpinning each of the key themes, examine them against the current picture of supervision with GSE and translate them into practical ways of enriching supervision practices. Supervision helps a person reach their highest potential in their work and personal life. (Ormond, 2004)
The paradox of axions surviving primordial magnetic fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the presence of primordial magnetic fields the oscillating cosmic axion field drives an oscillating electric field. The ensuing dissipation of axions is found to be inversely proportional to the conductivity of the primordial plasma. This counterintuitive result is essentially equivalent to ``Zeno's paradox'' or the ``watched-pot effect'' of quantum mechanics. It implies that the standard predictions of the cosmic axion density remain unaltered even if primordial magnetic fields are strong.
Herd-level risk for Salmonella culture positive status in slaughtered pigs.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Quantitative definition of risk factors is needed for farms to develop programs and procedures to reduce Salmonella shedding economically and reliably. It is essential that this information be available to producers before full implementation of proposed Salmonella reduction regulations. Producers should then be able to retain market access and choose informed interventions while avoiding unnecessary costs.
Fatherhood and Youth Sports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Youth sports have been recognized as an arena for men to meet increased cultural expectations of being involved in their children’s lives. Indeed, in contrast to other child care practices, many men are eager to take part in their children’s organized sports. Drawing on an ethnographic study of middle-class families in the United States, this study examines how men juggle two contrasting cultural models of masculinity when fathering through sports—a performance-oriented orthodox masculinity that historically has been associated with sports and a caring, inclusive masculinity that promotes the nurturing of one’s children. Through a detailed analysis of how fathers’ sports involvement unfolds on the ground, we show how men, in order to portray themselves as “good” fathers, attempt to strike a balance between pushing their children to excel and supporting them regardless of their performance. We propose that although men may value inclusive masculinity when fathering through youth sports, at the same time they exercise orthodox masculinity in other domestic domains.
Mapping Multi-Level Policy Incentives for Bioenergy With Carbon Capture and Storage in Sweden

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is considered a key mitigation technology in most 1.5–2.0°C compatible climate change mitigation scenarios. Nonetheless, examples of BECCS deployment are lacking internationally. It is widely acknowledged that widespread implementation of this technology requires strong policy enablers, and that such enablers are currently non-existent. However, the literature lacks a more structured assessment of the “incentive gap” between scenarios with substantive BECCS deployment and existing policy enablers to effectuate BECCS deployment. Sweden, a country with progressive climate policies and particularly good preconditions for BECCS, constitutes a relevant locus for such examinations. The paper asks to what extent and how existing UN, EU, and Swedish climate policy instruments incentivize BECCS research, development, demonstration, and deployment in Sweden. The analysis is followed by a tentative discussion of needs for policy reform to improve the effectiveness of climate policy in delivering BECCS. Drawing on a tripartite typology of policy instruments (economic, regulatory, and informational) and the ability of these instruments to create supply-push or demand-pull, the article finds that: (1) no instruments create a demand-pull to cover operational expenditure; (2) economic instruments provide partial support for research and the capital expenditure associated with demonstration, and; (3) regulatory instruments provide partial clarity on environmental safeguards and responsibilities. A few regulatory barriers also continue to counteract deployment. The article concludes that the existing policy mix requires considerable reform if BECCS is to contribute substantially to the Swedish target for net-zero emissions. Continued effort to dismantle regulatory barriers must be complemented with a strong demand-pull instrument that complements the current focus on supply-push incentives. If unreformed, the existing policy mix will most likely lead to substantial public expenditure on BECCS research, development, and demonstration without leading to any substantial deployment and diffusion.
A Case Report: Neurilemoma of the Saphenous Nerve that Caused Pain Aruound the Knee.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of neurilemoma of the sapheous nerve is reported. A 34-year-old man had a 5-month history of pain located in the left knee. Physical examination was negative with the exception of a 1×2cm mass found at the medial side of the left knee. An ultrasound scanning showed a hypoechoic mass in the same lesion. At operation, a solitary mass was found as a part of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve. Histologically, it showed the characteristic appearance of a nerilemoma.
P598Metabolic phenotype in cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction and end-stage heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

108 Chronic heart failure (CHF) / Acute heart failure (AHF) trient distribution in our study population (as a percentage of total energy intake) was slightly unbalanced because a protein intake (19.2%) above recommendation and a carbohydrates intake (49.1%) below recommendation.According to the lipid profile, monounsaturated fatty acids intake (27.02g/day (12.5% of total energy intake)) was lower than recommended by Nutritional Objectives for Spanish population.Among men, 19.3% had a cholesterol intake higher than 300mg/day while only 8.8% of women were above this value.Conclusions: Our food frequency questionnaire is valid to estimate energy and nutrients intake among patients with Chronic Heart Failure and reduced ejection fraction.Reliable tools are needed to help clinicians to estimate nutritional intakes, detect possible nutritional deficiencies and to try to improve health outcomes in this group of patients.
Tuning n-Alkane Adsorption on Mixed-Linker Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8-90 via Controllable Ligand Hybridization: Insight into the Confinement from an Energetics Perspective

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Linker hybridization provides enormous tunability of structures and properties of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). We synthesized hybrid ZIF-8-90 structures by using binary organic ligands and examined their compositional and structural evolution using multiple techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), N2 adsorption, and 1H NMR analyses. Well-designed ligand compositions of ZIF structures contribute to the continuously switchable pore structures. The average micropore diameter shrinks from 0.72 to 0.65 nm, while the mesopore width monotonically increases from 2.18 to 3.29 nm as the carboxaldehyde-2-imidazole (OHC-IM) proportion rises from 0.31 for ZIF-8-90-S1 to 0.88 for ZIF-8-90-S5. An increase in framework polarity can lead to the strengthened guest–host interaction and therefore energetically exerts a positive effect on the adsorption affinity of n-hexane on hybrid ZIF-8-90 structures. The highest n-hexane adsorption capacity is found on the ZIF-8-90-S4 sample (having OHC-IM proportion of 0.82). At a close OHC-IM proportion of 0.792, the simulation result exhibits the strongest guest–host interaction (with the largest van der Waals interaction energy).
ELASTOMERIC NANOPARTICLES: EFFECTIVE ADDITIVE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The “magic triangle” is the most important challenge to rubber composites for the automobile industry. According to the magic triangle, it is difficult to improve the rolling resistance (energy saving), wet skid resistance (safety), and wear (life) of a tire simultaneously. However, ∼5% decrease of rolling resistance, >20% increase of wet skid resistance, and 15% decrease of wear were achieved after adding a small amount of elastomeric nanoparticle (ENP). The effect of ENP on the performances of rubber composites was expounded by characterization of the dispersion of filler and the relationship between filler and rubber. The main difference between ENPs and other nanoparticles was that ENPs acted as not only a part of filler but also as a part of rubber in rubber composites.