jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Candidate Gene Association Study of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High-Risk Region in Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>There is a region with a high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the northeast of Iran. Previous studies suggest that hereditary factors play a role in the high incidence of cancer in the region. We selected 22 functional variants (and 130 related tagSNPs) from 15 genes that have been associated previously with the risk of ESCC. We genotyped a primary set of samples from 451 Turkmens (197 cases and 254 controls). Seven of 152 variants were associated with ESCC at the <i>P</i> = 0.05 level; these single nucleotide polymorphisms were then studied in a validation set of 549 cases and 1,119 controls, which included both Turkmens and non-Turkmens. The association observed for a functional variant in ADH1B was confirmed in the validation set, and that of a tagSNP in MGMT, the association was borderline significant in the validation set, after correcting for multiple testing. The other 5 variants that were associated in the primary set were not significantly associated in the validation set. The histidine allele at codon 48 of ADH1B gene was associated with a significantly decreased risk of ESCC in the joint data set (primary and validation set) under a recessive model (odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.76; <i>P</i> = 4 × 10<sup>−4</sup>). The A allele of the rs7087131 variant of MGMT gene was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC under a dominant model (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.96; <i>P</i> = 0.02). These results support the hypothesis that genetic predisposition plays a role in the high incidence of ESSC in Iran. [Cancer Res 2009;69(20):7994–8000]</p></div>
A SIMPLE LARGE-SIGNAL NONLINEAR MODEL FOR ZERO-CURRENT-SWITCH QUASI-RESONANT BUCK CONVERTERS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A large-signal nonlinear model for zero-current-switch quasi-resonant buck converters is presented. The derivation is simple and the results are accurate even for large-signal operation. Such a model can be used for the analysis and simulation of the switching converter, no matter in open-loop or in closed-loop, with fast speed. The condition for zero-current switching can also be identified from this model.
Assessing Regional Mechanical Function After Stem Cell Delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the desired outcomes of cellular cardiomyoplasty is to restore contractile cellular mass to the injured heart for the improvement of cardiac function. Myocardial mechanical function is composed of both passive and active components, where passive function is derived primarily from the compliance of the myocardial tissue and active function is generated by contracting cardiomyocytes. Although materials and cell therapies have been shown to improve mechanical function in the myocardium after infarction, the preferred goal of regenerative therapy is to replace necrotic myocardium with contractile cells that will contribute active function. In this chapter, we discuss these concepts in further detail and provide background for how cardiac function is measured.
The Application of Digital Technology and the Learning Characteristics of Gen Z in Institutes of Teacher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on Institutes of Teacher Education is essential, as these institutions shape future educators who will influence the next generation of learners. This study examines how digital technology impacts teacher trainees in teacher education programs, providing critical insights into improving teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and instructional strategies. A quantitative survey research design was employed, involving 215 teacher trainees from the Institute of Teacher Education Ilmu Khas Campus, selected through simple random sampling. The findings reveal that Gen Z teacher trainees exhibit a strong preference for rapid knowledge acquisition (Mean = 4.07), visually engaging content (Mean = 4.00), and technology-driven learning experiences (Mean = 3.91). Correlation analysis using Pearson’s method highlights a significant positive relationship between fast knowledge acquisition and extensive use of social media (r = 0.535, p < .01), indicating that social media plays a crucial role in facilitating quick access to information. Additionally, a moderate correlation exists between preference for visual content and desire for entertainment in learning (r = 0.399, p < .01), emphasizing the importance of interactive, multimedia-based instructional materials. The results suggest that teacher education programs should integrate visually rich, interactive, and technology-enhanced learning strategies while maintaining current pedagogical approaches to cater to diverse learning preferences. By leveraging digital tools effectively, future educators can develop the necessary competencies to integrate technology seamlessly into their teaching practices, enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes.
Serial estimation of motor unit numbers using an implantable system following nerve injury and repair in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) is an established technique to assess recovery following peripheral nerve injury. In rats, where the vast majority of peripheral nerve research is conducted, assessing motor units at various time points requires a terminal procedure due to the invasive nature of current techniques. Here, we present an implanted system that was used to serially assess MUNE after peripheral nerve injury and repair in rats. This system significantly increases the efficiency of peripheral nerve research by negating the need for terminal procedures, allowing for serial MUNE assessment over time in the same rat. Our system utilizes a commercial implantable stimulator, custom designed cuff electrode, and corresponding custom software with automatic M-wave classification to quickly assess functional reinnervation up to 8 weeks following nerve injury and repair. The concepts presented in this paper are applicable to any implanted device with a transcutaneous radio frequency or inductive link that can be used to trigger nerve stimulation. The methodology is also applicable to researchers without access to implantable devices.
Hemoglobinopathy in pediatric population: A cross sectional study at tertiary care center in Assam

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence, epidemiology, and clinicohematological profile of hemoglobinopathies. Material and Methods: During the period of September 2010–August 2011, an observational study was done in the Department of Pediatrics, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh. Children (<12 years) suffering from chronic anemia were the study population. Results: Hemoglobinopathies were noted in 72 (35.0%) out of 206 chronic anemia cases, of which sickle cell disease (SCD) was found in 23 cases (11.2%), beta-thalassemia major (BTM) in 21 cases (10.2%), hemoglobin E (HbE)-β thalassemia in 12 cases (5.8%), HbE disease was seen in 10 cases (4.8%), and HbE trait and sickle cell trait (SCT) in 3 cases each. Overall hemoglobinopathy was most commonly seen among teagarden community in Assam. Clinical presentation ranged from completely asymptomatic to congestive heart failure. In majority cases, decreased mean Hb (%) and mean corpuscular volume were found. Anisopoikilocytosis, reticulocytosis, and target cells were frequently noted in peripheral blood smear. Conclusion: Chronic anemia cases should be screened for hemoglobinopathies as these genetic disorders are commonly seen in Assam. SCD and BTM are the major types of hemoglobinopathies. Heterozygous hemoglobinopathies (HbE trait and SCT) had lesser clinical manifestations. As the definitive treatment of hemoglobinopathies is still difficult to avail in this region, genetic counseling should be considered for hemoglobinopathy patients and their families as well, to prevent new cases.
Practical Experience of the Mini-CEX in Undergraduate Trainees

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mini-clinical evaluation exercise in UK medical education has grown in recent years. We conducted Mini-CEX as a clinical evaluation method to assess its' feasibility and students' acceptance in undergraduate trainees. They were assessed by valid and reliable rating scale.Then, their satisfaction and experiences were assessed. Trainees' satisfaction of mini-CEX was 76.8±12.5 (of 100). They mentioned that this method could improve their motivation, but it was time-consuming. The results implicate that undergraduate students were satisfied with mini-CEX outcome. But they worried about its' long process. We recommend shortening its' process by dividing it into some parts in order to use mini-CEX as a lifelong learning.
Scintillation dacryocystography - A simple, safe, underutilized test for the evaluation of patients with suspected lacrimal obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This exhibit presents a series of case reports from patients ranging from 3.5 years with pre-sac, sac and post-sac obstruction from such disease causes as infection, trauma and mis-regeneration of nerves. Based on retrospective analysis of 5 years of experience at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, an algorithm has been developed for the evaluation of patients with suspected lacrimal obstruction. This algorithm places considerable reliance on scintillation dacryocystography and is more efficient for the busy ophthalmologist and nuclear medicine specialist than other proposed algorithms without scintillation dacryocystography.
P53 Is the bidirectional nature of the gut-brain axis being considered in outpatient inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinics?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

The bidirectional relationship between IBD and mental health is increasingly recognised. There are also IBD related experiences which may negatively impact on patients' mental health. IBD management guidance (2019) calls for services to be more integrated in their approach to mental and physical health management. We wanted to assess whether clinicians in a tertiary IBD service discussed mental wellbeing and social functioning as part of consultations.

Methods

We randomly selected 100 IBD clinic letters of individual patients on psychotropic medications and 100 patients who were not on psychotropic medication. Letters were screened to verify that they were from an IBD clinic with direct patient contact. Letters where a patient did not have IBD, did not attend, or was virtually reviewed were excluded. Letters were reviewed for any mention of a psychosocial factors, including any mention of occupation, family/living situation, caring responsibilities, mood, wellbeing or impact on life. The two groups were compared for differences in whether psychosocial factors were discussed.

Results

In the non-psychotropic medication group, 27 letters were excluded. of the 73 remaining, 40 (55%) patients had Crohn's disease (CD), 2 (3%) IBDU and 31 (42%) ulcerative colitis (UC). Psychosocial factors (occupation, moving/travel) were mentioned in 22 (30%) letters. Psychotropic medication was not mentioned in any of the letters (0%). In the group on psychotropic medication, 33 letters were excluded. of the remaining 67, 43 (64%) had CD, 1(1%) IBDU, 23 (34%) UC. Psychosocial factors (occupation, moving/travel and mood) were mentioned in 22 (34%) letters. The most common psychotropic medications were citalopram, amitriptyline and sertraline. Psychotropic medicines were mentioned in only 27 (40%) letters and the indications were the most common subject of the discussion, in 20 (74%) of these.

Conclusion

Discussion of the gut-brain connection and the influencing factors seems to be limited in IBD clinic appointments. The presence of psychotropic medication did not seem to change the likelihood of discussions of mental wellbeing taking place or the indications for the prescription. Ongoing psychotropic medication can be linked to worse outcomes (Blackwell et al, 2021) but these results suggest that this signal is being missed. The psychotropic medications identified were common ones, suggesting that the barrier to discussion is not lack of familiarity but possibly about the time or skills required to have this discussion. A limitation of this study is that documentation in letters does not reflect the extent of discussion at clinic appointments. However letters were chosen for review as the only record of the patient consultation available and therefore best way to identify whether these discussions are taking place as part of routine review.
The effect of gas injection on the protection of body surfaces streamlined by a two-phase flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The first results of physical simulation of the effect of gas injection on the characteristics of gas stream with solid particles at flow around bodies are presented. The possibility of ensuring an effective protection of the body surface from the negative effects of particles (droplets) is demonstrated. A dimensionless criterion (the Stokes number) is proposed that characterizes the inertia of particles near the critical point of the body and the intensity of their deposition on the surface under injection conditions.
Morphometric model, tissue sampling and test of stereologic procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Stereologic point counting procedures were applied to estimate volumetric and numerical densities of tissue components residing in and forming a defined, simplified model of human marginal gingiva. This included the quantitative characterization of inflammatory cell infiltrates occurring in the epithelial as well as the connective tissue fractions of this model. The gingival tissue was harvested from defined intraoral sites of 9–15 year‐old children and processed under standardized conditions for light and electron microscopic observation. Random cross‐sections of this tissue were subjected to morphometric analysis based on a multistage sampling technique. At each sampling level, tests were performed to study (1) the suitability of different test systems, (2) the parameter variation within one and between different biopsies and (3) the comparability and reliability of the data obtained. Based on these tests, a morphometric technique was designed which resulted in an accurate estimation of the various parameters characterizing the model tissue. These parameters were the volumetric densities of the following constituents: oral epithelium, junctional epithelium and its leucocyte content, infiltrated and non‐infiltrated connective tissue, and its respective collagen fibre content. Infiltrated and non‐infiltrated connective tissue fractions were analysed for their respective volumetric and numerical densities of fibroblasts, neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, small and medium‐sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells and mast cells. Sampling technique, test procedures and the design and results of the morphometric system are discussed.
Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Caffeine and Theobromine Using Non-Matched Matrix Calibration Curve

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psycho-stimulants. The study of the beneficial effects of caffeine consumption to decrease the risk of developing several neuropsychiatric pathologies is receiving increasing attention. Thus, accurate and sensitive methods have been developed, mainly by LC-MS/MS, in order to quantify caffeine and its metabolites. These quantifications of caffeine and its metabolites by LC-MS/MS require a considerable effort to select or find a surrogate matrix, without the compounds of interest, to be used in the calibration curves. Thus, we evaluated the possibility of using calibration curves prepared in solvent instead of calibration curves prepared in human plasma. Results show that the calibration curves prepared in solvent and in human plasma were similar by comparing their slopes and interceptions, and the accuracy and precision were within the limits of acceptance for both calibration curves. This work demonstrates that, by using internal standards, it is possible to use a calibration curve in solvent instead of a calibration curve in plasma to perform an accurate and precise quantification of caffeine and theobromine.
A normal first countable ccc nonseparable space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct an absolute example of a space having the properties in the title. Let Y be the set of nonempty finite subsets of the Cantor cube of countable weight. The Pixley-Roy topology on Y is not normal, but the Vietoris topology on Y is normal. Our space can be considered a normalization of the Pixley-Roy topology on Y by adding cluster points which as a subspace have the Vietoris topology. The Alexandroff duplicating procedure is used liberally to glue the space together. The example is also a sigma compact paracompact p-space. If further set-theoretic assumptions are made (e.g. V = L V = L or MA + ¬ CH {\text {MA}} + \neg {\text {CH}} ), then it is known that even perfectly normal such examples exist.
Who gets the grant? A persona-based investigation into research funding panelist preferences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The allocation of scientific funding through grant programs is crucial for research advancement. While independent peer panels typically handle evaluations, their decisions can lean on personal preferences that go beyond the stated criteria, leading to inconsistencies and potential biases. Given these concerns, our study employs a novel method, using simulated, data-driven, and narrative personas of fictional candidates, to identify the attributes that significantly influence panelist choices and profile what an optimal candidate would look like. Our findings reveal a preference for mid-career, multidisciplinary researchers with significant publications, citations, and prior project experience. Such optimal candidates also lean toward applied science, collaborative research, interactions with both industry and the public, and a progressive stance on science. Contrary to existing literature, this study found indications of a bias toward female candidates, which we interpret as a result of deliberate correction caused by awareness of existing biases in academia. Age emerged as another influential factor, suggesting either a preference for younger researchers or a perception of waning productivity among seasoned academics. Consistency in a candidate’s profile, rather than standout attributes, was also favored by panelists.
Shb deficiency in endothelium but not in leucocytes is responsible for impaired vascular performance during hindlimb ischaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Myeloid cells have been suggested to participate in angiogenesis and regulation of vascular function. Shb ‐deficient mice display both vascular and myeloid cell abnormalities with possible consequences for recovery after hindlimb ischaemia. This study was conducted in order to assess the contribution of Shb deficiency in myeloid cells to impaired vascular function in ischaemia. Methods Wild type and Shb ‐deficient mice were subjected to peritoneal vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) followed by intraperitoneal lavage, after which blood and peritoneal cells were stained for myeloid markers. VEGFA ‐induced leucocyte recruitment to cremaster muscle was investigated using intravital microscopy of both mouse strains. Blood flow after femoral artery ligation was determined on chimeric mice after bone marrow transplantation. Results No differences in neutrophil numbers or cell surface phenotypes were detected. Moreover, neutrophil extravasation in VEGFA ‐activated cremaster muscle was unaffected by Shb deficiency. However, blood and peritoneal CXCR 4+ monocytes/macrophages were reduced in response to intraperitoneal VEGFA but not lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) in the absence of Shb . Furthermore, the macrophage population in ischaemic muscle was unaffected by Shb deficiency after 2 days but reduced 7 days after injury. The bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that mice with wild type vasculature showed better blood flow than those with Shb ‐deficient vasculature irrespective of leucocyte genotype. Conclusion The observed aberrations in myeloid cell properties in Shb ‐deficient mice are likely consequences of an abnormal vascular compartment and are not responsible for reduced muscle blood flow. Structural vascular abnormalities seem to be the primary cause of poor vascular performance under provoked vascular stress in this genetic model.
Fractional order modeling of human operator behavior with second order controlled plant and experiment research

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modeling human operator's dynamics plays a very important role in the manual closed-loop control system, and it is an active research area for several decades. Based on the characteristics of human brain and behavior, a new kind of fractional order mathematical model for human operator in single-input single-output (SISO) systems is proposed. Compared with the traditional models based on the commonly used quasilinear transfer function method or the optimal control theory method, the proposed fractional order model has simpler structure with only few parameters, and each parameter has explicit physical meanings. The actual data and experiment results with the second-order controlled plant illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Blood staining of the cornea: a histopathologic analysis of 16 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixteen eyes with corneal blood staining were examined by light microscopy. Two corneal buttons were also studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. By light microscopy, most eyes disclosed hyphema, angle-closure glaucoma, and endothelial attenuation with marked corneal edema. Extra- and intracellular hemoglobin particles as well as intracellular hemosiderin were found mostly in the central cornea. Frequently we observed a gradient of hemoglobin degradation from the posterior to the anterior corneal stroma with extracellular hemoglobin particles being more concentrated posteriorly while hemosiderin-laden keratocytes predominated anteriorly. By electron microscopy, moderately electron-dense, amorphous material consistent with hemoglobin was found extracellularly as well as incorporated into stromal keratocytes, while highly electron-dense, membrane-bound granules, consistent with hemosiderin, were found intracellularly. There was marked necrosis of keratocytes, mainly those that were overloaded with hemoglobin. We conclude that hemoglobin diffuses into the corneal stroma across an intact Descemet's membrane. Continuous overload with hemoglobin leads to necrosis of keratocytes and irreversible corneal blood staining.