jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Definition of a Risk Zone for the Axillary Nerve Based on Superficial Landmarks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the axillary nerve’s location along superficial anatomical landmarks, and to define a convenient risk zone. Methods: A total of 123 upper extremities were evaluated. After dissection of the axillary nerve, the vertical distance between the upper border of the anterolateral edge of the acromion and the proximal border of the nerve was measured. Furthermore, the interval between the proximal border and the distal border of the axillary nerve’s branches was evaluated. The interval between the distal border of the branches and the most distal part of the lateral humeral epicondyle was measured. The distance between the anterolateral edge of the acromion and the lateral humeral epicondyle was evaluated. Measurements were expressed as proportions with respect to the distance between the acromion and the lateral humeral epicondyle. Results: The distance between the acromion and the proximal border of the axillary nerve’s branches was at a height of 10 percent of the distance between the acromion and the lateral humeral epicondyle, starting from the acromion (90 percent when starting from the lateral humeral epicondyle). The interval between the proximal and distal margins of the axillary nerve’s branches was between 10 percent and 30 to 35 percent of this interval, starting from the acromion (65 to 70 percent when starting from the lateral humeral epicondyle). Conclusions: The authors were able to locate the branches of the axillary nerve at an interval between 10 and 35 percent of the distance between the acromion and the lateral humeral epicondyle, starting from the acromion. This makes the proximal third of this distance an easily applicable risk zone during shoulder surgery.
Dynamic temporal behaviour of the keyboard action on the Hammond organ and its perceptual significance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Hammond organ is one of earliest electronic instruments and is still used widely in contemporary popular music. One of its main sonic features is the “key-click,” a transient that occurs upon note onset, caused by the mechanical bouncing of the nine electric contacts actuated during each key press. A study of the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the contact bounces is presented, showing that the velocity, the type of touch and, more in general, the temporal evolution of the key position, all affect different characteristics of the contact bounces. A second study focuses on the listener's perception of the generated sound and finds that listeners can classify sounds produced on the Hammond organ according to the type of touch and velocity used. It is concluded that the Hammond organ is a touch-responsive instrument and that the gesture used to produce a note affects the generated sound across multiple dimensions. The control available at the fingertips of the musician is therefore such that it cannot be easily reduced to a single scalar velocity parameter, as is common practice in modern digital emulations of the instrument.
On the Governing Equation for Quasi-Static Crack Growth in Linearly Viscoelastic Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An equation governing the initiation and growth of quasi-static fracture in a linearly viscoelastic material is derived using the thermodynamic power balance as a fracture criterion. It is found that this equation does not involve the time-dependent part of the viscoelastic material behavior but only the elastic portion. This is in direct contrast to the results obtained by Williams [1], Cherepanov [3, 4], and Knauss [5], all of whom use the same assumptions and fracture criterion as does the present paper. The apparent errors made in [1, 3-5] are pointed out and it is shown how, when the appropriate corrections are made, the results in each case become identical to those obtained in the present paper.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Portuguese Thymus Species Essential Oils

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Thymus species are commonly known in Portugal as thyme and they are currently used as culinary herbs, as well as for ornamental, aromatizing and traditional medicinal purposes. The essential oils isolated from the Portuguese Thymus caespititius (Sect. Micantes), T. camphoratus and T. capitellatus (Sect. Thymus, Subsect. Thymastra), T. carnosus, T. zygis subsp. sylvestris and T. zygis subsp. zygis (Sect. Thymus, Subsect. Thymus) were evaluated for acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity. A great variability in activity was detected in the assayed essential oils, even among oils isolated from a same species with different geographical origins, such as T. caespititius. T. zygis subsp. zygis essential oil showed the strongest acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity with an IC50 = 1.1 mu g/ml.
STUDIES OF CILIARY MUCUS TRANSPORT IN A CLOSED CABIN ATMOSPHERE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : In an attempt to determine what effect, if any, a sealed cabin atmosphere might have on living tissue, observations of frog tissue were made during a routine patrol of a Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarine. Ciliary mucus flow rates were determined in the esophageal tissue of frogs, since results with these tissues have proved comparable to mammalian respiratory cilia. Bottles of surface air were taken aboard the submarine to permit comparison of tissues exposed to this normal air with those exposed to the ambient air of the submarine. Results showed a definite decrement in ciliary activity in those tissues exposed to submarine air. In addition, sprouted seeds of vegetables and flowers were taken aboard. Despite all efforts to maintain their nutrition and light exposure, they ceased to grow and after 3 weeks had turned brown and died. Ion activity which might account for these results is discussed and further investigation is recommended.
The Collision of Military Cultures in Seventeenth-Century New England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Collision of Military Cultures in Seventeenth-Century New England Get access Adam J. Hirsch Adam J. Hirsch assistant professor of law Florida State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 74, Issue 4, March 1988, Pages 1187–1212, https://doi.org/10.2307/1894407 Published: 01 March 1988
Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves of Urena lobata Linn

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plant based treatment are the most popular form of traditional system of medicine. The demand for the herbal health care products including nutraceuticals are now a days increasing worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the invitro antioxidant studies of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of Urena lobata in two models like; reduction of ferric ions by ortho-phenanthroline method and ABTS scavenging activity method. The extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in both the models. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard during the evaluation.
The death of personal service: why retailers make consumers responsible for their own customer experience

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article examines the tension between efficiency and customer experience management in retailing. It concludes that one way forward is to give customers the tools to manage their own experience. To put it another way, in these industries, it is up to the customer to manage their own experience. In some industries, such as complex financial services, regulatory barriers prevent self-service, on the grounds that advisors know better than consumers what the latter need. However, these barriers will eventually collapse as consumers use improved information technology, including advising each other via social media, to identify products that they want, at the right price. Where customer service is concerned, suppliers will increase their focus on efficiency and margin, and seek the win-win of self-fulfilled customer experience with minimised human intervention from staff. Consumers will be provided with ever more sophisticated information and communications technology, particularly but not solely by suppliers who use a multi-channel approach. Younger consumers’ strong preferences for buying in their own way will eventually pervade most markets. Suppliers who fail to come to terms with this will lose market share to those who lead in applying information and communications technology to support self-service. Eventually, the self-fulfilled experience will be the norm, except in most difficult and risky purchases. Even here the role of human intervention will be minimised. Consumers will increasingly use their own technology, especially smart-phones, to identify the best offers, make comparisons between products and services, and receive offers from national and local suppliers. For more complex products and services or buying situations, expert third party diagnosis of customer needs will be replaced by self-diagnosis.
Additive Splines for Partial Least Squares Regression

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article introduces a generalization of the partial least squares regression (PLS). Transforming the predictors by means of spline functions is a useful way to extend PLS into nonlinearity and to obtain a multiresponse additive model. We describe both statistical and computational aspects of this new method, termed additive splines partial least squares (ASPLS). The performance of ASPLS compared with other PLS methods is illustrated with chemical and physiological applications. Key Words: Data reductionMultiresponse additive modelsPartial least squaresRegression splines.
Review of “Emerging global cities: origin, structure and significance”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Review of “Emerging global cities: origin, structure and significance” Get access Review of “Emerging global cities: origin, structure and significance” By Alejandro Portes and Ariel C. Armony Columbia University Press, 2022, 368 pages, $140.00 (hardcover), $35.00 (paperback). http://cup.columbia.edu/book/emerging-global-cities/9780231205177. Benjamin Leffel Benjamin Leffel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, soad078, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad078 Published: 27 May 2023 Article history Received: 23 April 2023 Accepted: 08 May 2023 Published: 27 May 2023
COMPONENTS OF GROWTH IN GENETICALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS OFTRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The growth and developmental patterns of 19 genetically diverse populations of Tribolium castaneum were examined. Measurements were obtained on three primary traits (13-day larval weight, pupation time and pupal weight) and three secondary traits (number of larval molts, adult emergence time and adult weight). The populations were chosen on the basis of their previous selection histories. Selection for different primary traits produced profound effects upon the total growth and development complex.Genetic and environmental relationships between primary traits were estimated within each population, and a consistent asymmetry of correlated responses was observed to be determined by the direction of selection.Possible effects upon the disruption of an intricate balance of the three metamorphosis hormones (activation, molting and juvenile) through selection were postulated.
Identification of Antifungal Compounds in a Biological Control Product Using a Microplate Inhibition Bioassay

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An inhibition assay was developed to quantify the antifungal activity of a solid-state fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extracts were tested against a spore solution of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis using a 96-well microplate bioassay. HPLC analysis of extracts showed positive correlation between inhibition and levels of several active lipopeptides produced during fermentation. MS analysis confirmed the presence of the lipopeptides iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin. HPLC fractionation and subsequent bioassays established that the activity of the extracts was largely associated with the fraction containing fengycins. A smaller amount of activity was attributable to the fraction containing iturin A.
Status Report on displacement in Assam and Manipur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"While inter-ethnic conflicts have by no means been rare in India’s Northeast,\npopulation displacement induced by such conflicts is sharply on the rise particularly\nsince the 1980s. Conflicts and violence confined in the past mainly to the armed\ngroups and the security forces of the state seldom triggered off population\ndisplacement of such scale and magnitude as one notices now. It is important that we\ntake note of the changing dynamics of conflicts and violence in the region. Conflicts\ntoday have acquired a truly mass character in the sense that they show an alarming\npropensity of engulfing an ever-greater number of people involved in them. In this\nsituation, it is ironic that the two rights of home and homeland run at cross-purposes.\nThis has its implications for the politics, ecology and topography of the region.\nMixed areas with historically practised exchanges and transactions between\ncommunities are at peril. And, thus for instance, never before in its history has\nManipur been so much divided as it is now. Internal displacements sparked off by\nconflicts are a product of many a hidden partition in the society seldom officially\nacknowledged. This study on fifty years of population displacement in Manipur tells\nus the story of a society that has hit almost a blind alley with little clue as to how to\ncross the divides and negotiate its rapidly changing ethnic landscape. We need to\ncomplement it with many other stories. As various stories marked by these divides\nunfold, they reveal a surprisingly similar structure – a structure that constantly\nreminds us of how violence once initiated eventually gathers its own momentum and\ntakes its toll on each one of us – big or small, powerful or powerless. The essay on\nAssam prods us to think in terms of formulating an agenda that takes us beyond the\ngiven fault lines. It underlines the need for dialogues as a means of addressing the\nissues of rights and justice. We cannot ignore the fact that the development-induced\ndisplacement against this backdrop of ethnic tensions has complicated the problem\nrelated to rights and justice in India’s Northeast even more."
Pengaruh Subtitusi Tepung Labu Kuning (Curcubita Moschata) dan Penambahan Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica) terhadap Daya Terima dan Kandungan Gizi Cookies sebagai Alternatif Selingan untuk Obesitas pada Usia Dewasa Muda

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cookies are one type of biscuit made from soft dough, relatively crispy, and the appearance of the pieces has a solid texture that is in great demand by all groups. Cookies with pumpkin flour substitution and the addition of chias seed contain fiber and antioxidants that serve to reduce risk factors for obesity. The study aims to analyze the effect of yellow pumpkin flour subtitration and the addition of chia seeds on the receptivity and nutritional content of cookies as an alternative counterpart to young adult obesity. This type of research is pure experimental research using a 3x2 factorial design. Data collection was done by observation through hedonic test of level of liking (color, aroma, texture, and taste) by 36 untrained panelists using an observation sheet. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS multiple variance analysis method (Two Way ANOVA) and Duncan's further test. After determining the best product, nutritional content tests were conducted at the Surabaya Nutrition Laboratory to determine fiber and antioxidant content. The results showed that: 1) Substitution of pumpkin flour affects the color of cookies but has no effect on aroma, texture and taste; 2) Addition of chia seed has no effect on the color, aroma, texture and taste of cookies; 3) The interaction of pumpkin flour substitution and chia seed addition has no effect on the color, aroma, texture, and taste of cookies. 4) The nutritional content of the best favorability test results in formula L2C2 (30% pumpkin flour substitution and the addition of chia seed as much as 10%) per 100 grams of cookies is obtained with a fat content of 13.1 grams, fiber 7.71 grams, and antioxidants 26 mg with recommended consumption of cookies at serving of 49 grams or 7 pieces containing 6.4 grams of fat, 3.8 grams of fiber and 12.7 mg of antioxidants. The conclusion of this study is that the subtitration of yellow pumpkin flour affects the color of cookies but does not affect the aroma, texture and flavor; the addition of chia seeds does not influence the color, aroma, texture and flavour of cookies; the interaction of subtitrating yellow pummel flour and adding chia seed has no effect on the colour, flavours, textures, and flavors in cookies; as well as the nutritional content of the best liking test results on formula L2C2 (subtitrations of 30% yellow pasta and additions of 10% Chia seed).
Estimation of Water-Soluble Vitamin B-Complex in Selected Leafy and Non-Leafy Vegetables by HPLC Method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) equipped with photodiode array detector (PDA) has been used to determine the water-soluble vitamin B complex ( B1, B2, B3, and B6) in eleven selected vegetables of Bangladesh. The results showed varied levels of vitamin B-complexes. Precisely, Thankuni leaves showed the highest contents of vitamin B1; 0.19 mg/100 g, and vitamin B2; 0.25 mg/100g. Higher content of vitamin B3 (0.59 mg/100 g) were quantified in Coriander leaves, but absent in Jute leaves. On the other hand, the maximum quantified amount of B6 (0.73 mg/100 g) was detected in Carrot. In contrast, there was no detectable vitamin B6 in Jute, and Mint leaves and Cabbage. The findings of the current study may supplement the current Food Composition Table for Bangladesh (FCTB) by providing nutritional information of vitamin B complex in leafy and non-leafy vegetables which can also be used for calculating the habitual dietary intake and/or nutritional survey purposes.
Antioxidant Activities and Quality Characteristics of Organic and Conventional Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Consumers have recently shown great interest in organic foods since they are considered to have higher antioxidant activity compared to conventionally farmed foods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general characteristics of organic and conventional spinach, such as length, weight, color, moisture contents, and antioxidant capacity based on ABTS radical scavenging activity, total phenol, and flavonoid contents. Spinach that was used in this study was grown conventionally and organically in Po-Hang, Korea. As the results, conventional spinach showed higher values for length, weight (p
A Case with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diagnosed with Disseminated BCG Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prevents infants from contracting miliary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis, BCG vaccination is recommended for those under 6 months old in Japan. Complications such as favorable local inflammatory reactions including redness, induration, and abscess formation may occur, but severe adverse effects such as osteomyelitis, periostitis, and disseminated BCG infection are generally rare. We report an 11-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency dying of serious disseminated BCG infection despite anti-tuberculosis therapy and blood stem cell transplantation. He was vaccinated with disseminated BCG infection at 4 months before severe combined immunodeficiency diagnosis was confirmed by specific RD gene deletion based on allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Although BCG is considered safe, we should keep in mind that subjects with immunological deficiency may suffer severe BCG complications.
Dead TV: Cancel Delete

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Background: 'Dead TV' is an experimental video work that explores the growing practice and scholarship of mobile filmmaking. The affordances of mobile phone devices, mobile apps and the Web are altering the way fiction and non-fiction is portrayed to viewers, as demonstrated through the aesthetics of works in international screenings and scholarly books (Goggin & Hjorth, 2013; Berry & Schelser 2014). Research Contribution: 'Dead TV' is an assemblage of photos recorded on a smartphone that capture over an extended period, abandoned television sets (as 'dead media'), on the side of the road. The representation of the photos replicates the multi-touch screen actions used to select and curate images on a smartphone. Working with the concept of 'immediacy' this work explores the affordances of smartphones in relation to how these devices are used to produce video content. The 'portability' and 'accessibility' of a smartphone is used to record TV sets as they are discovered. The work contributes to discourse on mobile aesthetics and practices, as part of the Mobile Innovation Network Aotearoa Conferences and Screenings (Wellington, Auckland and France). Research Significance: 'Dead TV' investigates how new media technologies are altering film and video practices. The aesthetics of mobile filmmaking are used to critique the changing role of the media producer and question the differences between professional and non-professional practice. This experimental video work extends my current research into transformations occurring in nonfiction audiovisual form and practice. It provides an original perspective on the aesthetics emerging in mobile filmmaking, as evidenced in the works going to overseas festivals as part of the packaged peer review selection.
Space Environment Exposure Results from the MISSE 5 Polymer Film Thermal Control Experiment on the International Space Station

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It is known that polymer films can degrade in space due to exposure to the environment, but the magnitude of the mechanical property degradation and the degree to which the different environmental factors play a role in it is not well understood. This paper describes the results of an experiment flown on the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) 5 to determine the change in tensile strength and % elongation of some typical polymer films exposed in a nadir facing environment on the International Space Station and where possible compare to similar ram and wake facing experiments flown on MISSE 1 to get a better indication of the role the different environments play in mechanical property change.
Poglavlje 25 – nauka i istraživanje

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses chapter 25 – Science and Research in the EU integration process of the Republic of Serbia. The field of science and research in the European Union is mostly governed by soft law instruments and they are not transposed directly into national law. Having in mind the character of the said chapter, the paper analyses the main policies and instruments of the EU science and research acquis, on the one hand, and the current situation in Serbia, on the other. In analysing the current state of affairs in Serbia, we briefly outline normative framework and research capacity. Reports from the European Commission in the scientific field are then analysed in more detail. Finally, a special emphasis is put on the investment in science, which has been identified as an area in which there is room for progress.