jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Food StructureviaSustainable Processing Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The food industry is in need of innovative technologies with mild, selective, volumetric, and fast processing capabilities for superior-quality product delivery at reduced energy and water expenditure. These technologies, which have been identified to include high pressure, microwave, radiofrequency, ohmic, pulsed electric field, and membrane processes, also affect the structure and hence functionality of foods in various ways. In this work, the principles of these technologies, their current applications in the food industry, and the impacts on the structures of various food materials are reviewed. Future research directions on process-sustainability–food structure interactions are also presented.
Tomosipo: fast, flexible, and convenient 3D tomography for complex scanning geometries in Python

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tomography is a powerful tool for reconstructing the interior of an object from a series of projection images. Typically, the source and detector traverse a standard path (e.g., circular, helical). Recently, various techniques have emerged that use more complex acquisition geometries. Current software packages require significant handwork, or lack the flexibility to handle such geometries. Therefore, software is needed that can concisely represent, visualize, and compute reconstructions of complex acquisition geometries. We present tomosipo, a Python package that provides these capabilities in a concise and intuitive way. Case studies demonstrate the power and flexibility of tomosipo.
Construction of a field trap for initiating an ovipositional response in Aedes taeniorhynchus.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An oviposition trap was constructed for the black saltmarsh mosquito, Aedes taeniorhynchus. The trap consisted of a 50 x 60-cm piece of contaminated 100% cotton bath towel, saturated with 85% tap water, a container, and a cover of dried plant parts placed over the contaminated toweling. This combination initiated oviposition. Contamination of the toweling was due to populations of bacteria and fungi. The eggs recovered were free from soil and debris.
Legume Inclusion in Wheat Rotations Increases Long‐Term Soil Carbon Storage via Carbon Management Indices and Microbial Stoichiometry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Long‐term crop rotations influence soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and microbial nutrient balance, both of which are critical for sustaining soil fertility. This study evaluated SOC storage, microbial biomass stoichiometry, and carbon management indices across three long‐term (≥ 10 years) cropping systems: wheat–rice (W–R), wheat–maize (W–M) and wheat–legume (chickpea) (W–L). The W–R system was used as a reference, as it represents the most traditional cereal‐based rotation in the region. Results showed that SOC storage increased by 45% and 29% in the wheat–legume and wheat–maize cropping systems, respectively, compared to the wheat–rice plot. Permanganate oxidizable carbon and the carbon management index were 64%–65% and 37%–38% higher, respectively, in the legume‐based system relative to maize and rice rotations. The carbon stability index did not differ significantly among the cropping systems. Cumulative SOC mineralization increased by 32% and 14% in W–L and W–M, respectively, compared to W–R. The microbial metabolic quotient was elevated in W–L and W–M, reflecting increased availability of labile carbon. Long‐term legume inclusion also significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, while narrowing microbial and soil C:N:P stoichiometry relative to W–M and W–R. These shifts highlight the role of nitrogen‐fixing legumes in promoting microbial activity, nutrient availability and carbon sequestration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that legume inclusion in wheat‐based rotations significantly increases long‐term SOC storage through improvements in carbon management indices and microbial stoichiometry, relative to the traditional W–R system. The consistent enhancement of microbial nutrient balance and labile carbon fractions highlights the potential of cereal–legume systems to improve soil quality and support sustainable intensification. Future research should evaluate the scalability of these benefits across diverse soil types and examine their long‐term implications for nutrient cycling, yield stability and agroecosystem resilience under variable climatic conditions.
Observation at Large Oblique Angle of Carbon Replica

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Observation at Large Oblique Angle of Carbon Replica Get access Tadatosi HISI, Tadatosi HISI Research Institute for Scientific Measurements, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Keiji YADA, Keiji YADA Research Institute for Scientific Measurements, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sh^zi TAKAHASHI Sh^zi TAKAHASHI Research Institute for Scientific Measurements, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 5, Issue 1, 1957, Page 58, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a051241 Published: 01 January 1957 Article history Published: 01 January 1957 Received: 03 February 1957
Experimental, analytical, and numerical analysis of the copper wire multi-pass drawing process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In the cold wire drawing process, the stress acting on the wire depends on process parameters, as well as on the material flow stress, including the strain-hardening that occurs step by step. It is essential to ensure that the stress applied to the wire at the exit of the die remains below the material's yield stress, to prevent wire necking and fracture. Industrially, the process is carried out continuously using multi-step-multi-wires machines that deform the material to high strain at elevated strain rate values. The application of analytical models for evaluating the stresses acting on the wire assumes simplified boundary conditions, such as an average distribution of strain and strain rate within the die. Further studies are necessary, considering the entire multi-pass industrial case and involving finite element simulation, which is today the main tool for optimizing industrial processes. In this work, the drawing process applied to ETP Pure Copper (99.9% in weight) is analyzed experimentally, analytically, and numerically. The material was characterized by torsion tests and experimental drawing tests were carried out on four steps of the process. Through the analysis of the different analytical methods, it was shown that a careful evaluation of the friction coefficient values is necessary to reduce errors in estimating the drawing forces. The aim is to provide a reliable numerical model for predicting the stress acting on the wire during the multi-pass drawing process, through an appropriate characterization of the material flow stress and an evaluation of the friction model.
Morphological Analysis in Comparison

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume consists of selected and revised papers from the Seventh International Morphology Meeting, held in 1996 in Vienna. It presents advances in morphological theorizing, such as the foundations of sign-based morphology, the morphology-syntax interface, the boundaries between compounding and derivation, derivation and inflection, and the emergence of morphology from premorphological precursors in early first-language acquisition. The contributions deal with morphological analyses in various fields of the ever-widening domain of morphology and its relevance to the lexicon. The comparative aspect is reflected in the above-mentioned areas, and through the variety of languages investigated: Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages of Europe, and Asian, African and American languages. This breadth allows valuable insights into current problems of morphological research in America, Western and Eastern Europe.
Encoding of instruments when 10- to 14-year-olds process isolated instrument-implicit sentences: More evidence of improved encoding during childhood resulting from elaborative instructions.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined whether 10- to 14-year-olds infer implied instruments when reading isolated instrument-implicit sentences (IIS; e.g., Her friend swept the floor) as certainly and completely as they do when instructed to generate instruments in response to IIS. On-line instrumental encoding was tested with a procedure that was based on recognition priming of instrument words given some of the letters from the words (i.e., a word fragment). When children read the IIS without instruction to infer the implied instruments, the instrument fragment completion rates were low and less than when inference generation was required or instruments were stated during reading. Children's spontaneous instrumental inferences are less certain than suggested in previous research
Data for comparison of bacteria isolated from periodontal pockets of participants with or without diabetes mellitus in Uganda: A Case control study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This was data from a case control study to compare bacteria isolated from periodontal pockets of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. A total of 45 samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected, DNA extracted, and sequencing carried out to determine the alpha and beta diversity. The PDF file is the Output, the rest of the files are R command files and related data to reproduce the output of the PDF file.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Stress Response Protein Cirp Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Figure S3. (A) Representative immunostaining images of colonic mucosa of controls and patients with refractory UC using anti-Sox2 antibody. Scale bar, 50 microm. (B) Representative immunostaining images of colonic mucosa of patients with refractory UC with anti-Cirp and anti-E-cadherin antibodies. (C) Representative immunostaining images of well-moderately differentiated colorectal cancer tissues with anti-Cirp antibody. Scale bar, 100 microm. (D) Representative immunostaining images of colonic mucosa of patients with refractory UC using anti-Dclk1 antibody. Scale bar, 20 microm.</p>
Key Feature and Rule-based Intrusion Detection for Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a wide application. However, they are of interest to adversaries and are susceptible to some types of attacks for they are deployed in unprotected environments. In this paper we use key feature and rule-based intrusions detection for WSNs. In our scheme, we investigate different defense rules and key features in WSNs to build efficient, accurate and effective intrusion detection systems (IDSs). We also propose a moving window function method to gather the current activity data. The scheme fits the demands and restrictions of WSNs. The scheme does not need any cooperation among other monitor nodes. Simulation results show that we proposed IDSs is efficient and accurate.
EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT MODEL OF DARUL ISTIQAMAH ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL MAKASSAR

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to analyze the education and coaching system at the Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School in Makassar, as well as the role of Kiai and teachers in managing students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, involving interviews, observations, and documentation to obtain in-depth data on aspects of education in Islamic boarding schools. The results of the study indicate that the Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School applies a holistic approach in fostering the character and religious knowledge of students. The role of Kiai and teachers is very significant in directing and guiding students through interactive and participatory teaching methods. In addition, this study identifies the challenges faced in the process of accepting students and organizing their social lives. The conclusion of this study confirms that the Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School is committed to improving the quality of education by maintaining local religious and cultural values, and adapting to the times. The existence of this Islamic boarding school not only contributes to religious education, but also to the formation of the character of students who have noble morals and are ready to contribute positively to society.
Vehicle navigation in urban environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Overcoming GPS signal disturbances is essential for achieving adequate vehicle navigation in urban environments. In a previous paper, we have proposed a top-down approach for modeling context-aware vehicle navigation systems. We have also proposed an innovation concerning the technical aspects of navigation. Furthering this work, we discuss in the current paper more thoroughly the issue of GPS shadows identification and our proposed ways of overcoming them. It is important to mention that overcoming GPS shadows is considered complementary with regard to a typical GPS navigation. We therefore assume a context-aware service provisioning where an "A Scenario" GPS navigation gives way to an alternative "B Scenario" navigation in the event of encountering GPS shadows. We especially focus on the latter, by super-imposing GPS shadows calculation and corresponding real-time measurements, for the sake of precision. Counting on those two "channels" is expected to provide an adequate "B Scenario" alternative to the typical GPS navigation when obstacled by GPS shadows.
Error Bounds for Compound Poisson Approximations of the Individual Risk Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The approximation of the individual risk model by a compound Poisson model plays an important role in computational risk theory. It is thus desirable to have sharp lower and upper bounds for the error resulting from this approximation if the aggregate claims distribution, related probabilities or stop-loss premiums are calculated. The aim of this paper is to unify the ideas and to extend to a more general setting the work done in this connection by Bühlmann et al. (1977), Gerber (1984) and others. The quality of the presented bounds is discussed and a comparison with the results of Hipp (1985) and Hipp & Michel (1990) is made.
Role of Health Services Research in Producing High-Value Rehabilitation Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The concept of value is receiving greater attention in rehabilitation and the broader health care environment. The overall purpose of this article is to present a framework to help clinicians, researchers, educators, and policy makers better understand the role of health services research in developing and evaluating evidence on value in rehabilitation. Value in health care is a multidimensional concept and may be defined differently by various stakeholders, but assessing value typically involves considering a combination of several health and economic outcomes. However, health care stakeholders often lack sufficient information on these outcomes to make well-informed decisions. Health services approaches such as comparative effectiveness research, patient-centered outcomes research, and health economics assessments are some ways to evaluate value. The evidence generated from such studies directly informs decision making and health policy. Rehabilitation professionals have a great opportunity to increase their engagement in describing, evaluating, delivering, and disseminating high-value care, but there are several barriers they need to consider to be most successful. Embracing health services research best practices is essential for advancing appropriate rehabilitation practice, research, and policy and for addressing challenges to implementing high-value care.
IDDF2023-ABS-0028 Integrative multi-omics reveal associations between gut mycobiome and metabolic benefits of physical exercise in obese individuals with prediabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Gut microbes play an essential role in orchestrating holistic metabolic health. Our previous findings demonstrated that gut bacteria was shaped by exercise in humans and determined excise responsiveness in terms of glucose and insulin control. However, the impact of intestinal fungi on exercise remains unclear, especially when compared to the bacterial microbiome. In this study, we aimed first to investigate the changes in the gut mycobiome during exercise. Then, we plan to determine further the potential association of intestinal fungi in mediating exercise-elicited metabolic outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a 12-week exercise intervention in overweight Chinese males with prediabetes (n=40). Clinical parameters and biological samples including stool and blood were collected before and after the training. Fecal fungal composition and bacterial profiles were analyzed using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing and shotgun metagenomic data, respectively. Circulating metabolite concentrations were assayed using targeted metabolomics, while blood cytokines and hormones were measured by Olink proteomics.

Results

Exercise training significantly increased fungal ecological diversity and connectivity and shifted the gut mycobiome structure. Changes in fungal abundance were linked to exercise-induced metabolic phenotypes, bacterial microbiome, and circulating metabolomics and proteomics profiles. Of note, differential alternations in fungal compositions were found between exercise responders and non-responders. Interestingly, applying baseline fungal signatures predicting exercise responsiveness in terms of insulin sensitivity with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.907 AUROC: 0.907 (95% CI: 0.840 to 0.974), which was further validated in our independent cohort (n=31) with AUROC: 0.745 (95% CI: 0.695 to 0.795).

Conclusions

Our muti-omics analysis reveals that changes in the gut mycobiome are closely associated with the metabolic benefits of exercise training, indicating the importance of gut fungi in regulating host metabolism. Moreover, we identified that the differential changes of gut mycobiome were linked with exercise responsiveness regarding diabetes prevention, which highlights the potential of targeting enteric fungi signatures as a novel approach for developing precision-based exercise protocols in clinical implementation.
Living Together: Conservative Protestants and Cohabitation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent research finds that conservative Protestants are cohabiting in no small numbers. Given the strict moral orientation of conservative Protestants, that outcome appears paradoxical. This thesis explains that paradox through the culture in action models of Swidler (1986), given the social and economic location of conservative Protestants. The thesis employs pooled General Social Survey data from 1993 to 2008 in which a question is asked that indicates cohabitation. The thesis finds that the social and economic location of conservative Protestants is related to their cohabiting. Though conservative Protestant cohabitors have lessened religiosity, much of the decline in religiosity compared to married conservative Protestants is due to the factors leading to cohabitation. But views and practices on premarital sex are the greatest factor in reducing that difference. The evidence in this thesis lends support to Swidler?s models of settled and unsettled lives in explaining cohabitation among conservative Protestants.
Pitting Formation in Concave-Convex Gears Manufactured from AISI 8620 Steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the pitting formation of the tooth flank of concave-convex involute gears was investigated. The gears were manufactured from AISI 8620 steel with computer numerical control (CNC) machining and subjected to a cementation hardening process because they could not be produced using traditional methods. The results of the experimental studies with these gears were compared to those obtained with spur gears. As a result of this comparison, and because the pitch line of spur gears is less than the pitch line of concave-convex gears with exactly the same dimensions, the maximum Hertz stress formed in the pitch point of concave-convex gears is found to be less than that formed in the pitch point of spur gears. Therefore, the formation of pitting in concave-convex gears is quite delayed.
Pain and Depression in Patients with OSTEOARTHRITIS – AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis.It is a disease that affects all the tissues of the joint, including the cartilage, bone, ligaments, and muscles.It can develop in any number of joints, but most commonly affects the knees, hands, and hips.A prospective observational study In MGMH, Warangal with sample size of 400-500 subjects for six month.In the present study, subjects aged 50 years and above were shown as significantly high OA risk among the elderly.Based on our research on preferring a standard pain evaluating scale, many studies have shown a peremptory response towards the WOMAC Osteoarthritis index scale that has proved significantly more responsive, especially in the measurement of function.Theimpact of depression on patients with OA has been documented in many aspects: despite the impact on quality of life, depression has been revealed as a negative predictor of the outcome of surgical interventions and interventions aimed at physical activity.
Aircraft threat modeling from performance data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A procedure is developed to construct simplified dynamic aircraft models for use as threats in air combat training simulators. Performance data in the form of excess power and energy maneuverability curves are used to define the lift and drag characteristics of the models. A parameter identification method is used to extract model parameters directly from the performance curves. The method therefore insures that the threat model performance matches that of the actual threat. Simplified threat models of two modern fighter aircraft are used to demonstrate the modeling procedure.
An application of a smart control suspension system for a passenger car based on soft computing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical model‑based design methodology for a robust intelligent semi‑active suspension control system for passenger cars based on stochastic simulation and soft computing was developed. A globally optimized teaching signal for damper control was generated by a genetic algorithm the ﬁtness function of which is set to satisfy conﬂicting requirements such as riding comfort and stability of the car body. Proper selection of the input signals for the fuzzy controller achieved accurate and robust control making it possible to reduce the number of sensors. The knowledge base is optimized for various kinds of stochastic road signals on a computer without carrying out actual ﬁeld tests.