jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation screening with photo-plethysmography through a smartphone camera

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims This cross-sectional study was set up to assess the feasibility of mass screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) with only the use of a smartphone. Methods and results A local newspaper published an article, allowing to subscribe for a 7-day screening period to detect AF. Screening was performed through an application that uses photo-plethysmography (PPG) technology by exploiting a smartphone camera. Participants received instructions on how to perform correct measurements twice daily, with notifications pushed through the application’s software. In case of heart rhythm irregularities, raw PPG signals underwent secondary offline analysis to confirm a final diagnosis. From 12 328 readers who voluntarily signed up for screening (49 ± 14 years; 58% men), 120 446 unique PPG traces were obtained. Photo-plethysmography signal quality was adequate for analysis in 92% of cases. Possible AF was detected in 136 individuals (1.1%). They were older (P < 0.001), more frequently men (P < 0.001), and had higher body mass index (P = 0.004). In addition, participants who strictly adhered to the recommended screening frequency (i.e. twice daily) were more often diagnosed with possible AF (1.9% vs. 1.0% in individuals who did not adhere; P = 0.008). Symptoms of palpitations, confusion, and shortness of breath were more frequent in case of AF (P < 0.001). The cumulative diagnostic yield for possible AF increased from 0.4% with a single heart rhythm assessment to 1.4% with screening during the entire 7-day screening period. Conclusion Mass screening for AF using only a smartphone with dedicated application based on PPG technology is feasible and attractive because of its low cost and logistic requirements.
The Morphofunctional Response of T-lymphocytes to in vitro Contact with a Calcium Phosphate Coating in the Presence of a T-cell Activator

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The paper reports a study of the morphofunctional activity of T-lymphocytes in response to the in vitro contact with calcium phosphate (CP) coating in the presence of the particles bearing antibodies against CD2, CD3, and CD28 antigens. VT1-0 titanium plates (10 × 10 × 1 mm3) with a double-sided microarc rough (Ra = 2–5 µm) CP coating were used as the model samples of the mineral matrix of the bone tissue. Magnetic particles (MACSiBeadTM T-cell Activation/Expansion Kit human) bearing antibodies to CD2, CD3, and CD28 antigens were used as a T-cell activator (TCA) simulating the signals produced by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from human blood (98.8% of CD45CD3+ cells) were cultured in the presence of samples with a CP coating and/or TCA (2 × 106 particles in 1.5 mL of nutritive medium in the proportion of 2 : 1 to cells) for 2 and 14 days. The CP coating and TCA triggered MNC culture adaptation in a synergic way via the mechanisms of hyperactivation and subsequent death of T-lymphocytes. Immune selection occurred through the accumulation of the naive CD45RA+/RO+ T-lymphocytes and memory T-cells with the simultaneous depletion of the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell pool. The shift in the T-lymphocyte populations was observed together with the increase (after 48 h of culturing) in the cell secretion activity with its subsequent decrease by the 14th day of observation. CP coating sustained (compared with the cell culture grown on plastic) the secretion ability of Th1 (IL-12, TNFα, and IFNγ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13) lymphocytes. At the same time, the prolonged TCA signal after the 48-h activation caused the depletion of T-cell secretion. The suggestion that the observed in vitro effects may play role in the switching of signaling between T-lymphocytes, APCs, and CP materials at the cell–foreign body interface, which may result in a change in the inflammation phase, development of immune tolerance, successful osseointegration of the implant, or bone tissue remodeling impairment, is discussed.
ICT-BASED TEACHING OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING PROGRAM TEACHERS FROM VOCATIONAL COLLEGES USING FUZZY DELPHI IN NORTHERN ZONE

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ICT-based learning environment has been identified as a new and interesting method and able to change the way people learn. ICT-based learning can take place beyond the boundaries of the classroom walls, place and time. Thus, this study aims to identify ICT-based teaching techniques among mechanical and manufacturing program teachers in Vocational Colleges. In this study, Delphi Fuzzy Method using 7 fuzzy scales was used to collect the responses of 15 expert lecturers in various areas of expertise. The collected data were analysed using fuzzy triangular numbering and the ranking of each variable was determined using a ‘defuzification’ process. Expert consensus found that problem solving and teacher guidance items (scaffolding) came first with a defuzification score value of 10.2. Lecture items are in the last position which is eighth with a defuzification score value of 7.8. The results of this study provide input on the factors that need to be given attention to realise the concept of ICT-based learning in Vocational Colleges.
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit 11658

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Common name(s): Forages
Conserved by: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI-Ethiopia), Ethiopia
Local sample unique identifier: 11658
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1984-06-29
Other identifiers: n/a,CIAT 17479
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
The Efficacy of Targeted Sanctions in Enforcing Compliance with International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the international legal order, sanctions are valued for their coercive and stigmatizing functions. Through the imposition of financial or other costs, these measures seek to induce compliance with international law by those who are targeted. They also aim to signal the sender's commitment to the violated norm and stigmatize an actor responsible for wrongful behavior. In light of these functions, this essay examines the factors to assess when evaluating the efficacy of unilateral targeted sanctions in enforcing international law. The issue is relevant not only for political scientists, but also for international lawyers interested in ensuring compliance with international norms.
Evaluation of hair growth promoting activity of Phyllanthus niruri

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the potential Phyllanthus niruri extracts in promotion of hair growth. Materials and Methods: Here, we studied the hair growth promoting activity of petroleum ether extract of P. niruri following its topical administration. Alopecia was induced in albino rats by subcutaneous administration of testosterone for 21 days. Evaluation of hair loss inhibition was done by concurrent administration of extract and monitoring parameters like follicular density, anagen/telogen (A/T) ratio and histological observation of animal skin sections. Finasteride solution was applied topically as standard. In vitro experiments were also performed to study the effect of extract on the activity of 5α-reductase enzyme Results: Groups treated with petroleum ether extract of plant showed hair re-growth as reflected by follicular density, A/T ratio and skin sections. Histopathology and morphologic observations of hair re-growth at shaved sites showed active follicular proliferation. In vitro experiments results showed inhibitory activity of petroleum ether extract on type-2 5α-reductase enzyme and an increase in the amount of testosterone with increasing concentrations. Conclusion: It could be concluded that petroleum ether extracts of P. niruri might be useful in the treatment of testosterone-induced alopecia in the experimental animal by inhibiting 5α-reductase enzyme.
An evaluation of the course of facial sunscreen coverage and sustainability over an 8‐hour workday among outdoor workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Reapplication of sunscreen every 2 hours is recommended, especially after swimming, sweating, or working outdoors. However, the sustainability of sunscreen during the workday among outdoor workers is still unclear. Objective To evaluate the course of facial sunscreen coverage and sustainability over an 8‐hour workday among outdoor workers. Materials and Methods This open‐label trial included 20 healthy subjects who spend at least 80% of their workday outdoors. All volunteers applied 2 mg/cm 2 of provided broad‐spectrum sunscreen mixed with the invisible blue fluorescent agent to all parts of their face in the morning. A VISIA‐CR camera was used to capture facial fluorescence intensity every 2 hours, and digital image analysis software was used to quantify fluorescence intensity at six areas of the face at each time point for 8 hours. Results Sunscreen coverage declined most rapidly during the first 2 hours with a mean reduction of 18.31%. By the end of the 8‐hour study workday, the mean decrease in sunscreen coverage was 31.63% (range: 17.39%‐45.29%). Conclusion Reapplication of sunscreen is essential among outdoor workers. After 4 hours, the amount of sunscreen remaining on the face may not be sufficient for protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Cyborg and Posthumanism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the highly development of science and technology,there has been an attention to the issue of cyborg which is originated from cybernetics in the field of biology and artificial intelligence,thus men need to trigger the high-tech phenomenon of increasing technicalization of human and increasing personalization of technical artifacts,which makes us step into posthumanism.The science view of posthumanism tries to break the conventional categories of dualism and build up a cyborg world in which all centrism are collapsed: cyborg is a product constructed collectively by subject and object.The cyborg world leads us into a new ontology: when we are trying to construct the world,it is constructing us in the same way at the meantime.History is a co-evolving process of society and nature as well as subject and object.
Does decoration building influence antipredator responses in an orb-web spider (Argiope keyserlingi) in its natural habitat?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antipredator strategies adopted by animals need to compensate for temporal changes. Many orb-web spiders add silk decorations to their webs, which principally attract prey but may attract some predators. To identify their influence on antipredator behaviour in adult female St Andrew’s cross spiders (Argiope keyserlingi) we measured: spider body condition, web characteristics (area, spiral length and decoration building), environmental variables (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, relative prey abundance) and antipredator responses (remaining at the hub, dropping, shifting to the web periphery, or pumping the web) at three distinct periods (July–August, September–October and January–February) in the field. We developed path models from multiple regression analyses to distinguish between factors having direct and indirect effects. We found that even though both antipredator responses and decoration building change over time, antipredator responses and decoration investment are independent. Body condition and wind speed are directly positively associated with pumping frequency, and decoration building is negatively associated with the frequency of remaining at the hub because the likelihood that an object approaching the web is a predator increases if decorations are added. Wind speed is positively associated with antipredator behaviour and decoration building, due to an increased rate of feeding affecting body condition.
An Ecological Approach to the Prevention of Injuries Due to Drinking and Driving

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Among the many alcohol-related public health concerns, motor vehicle crashes account for nearly one-third of all deaths attributable to alcohol. Adolescents and young adults, particularly males, are important target populations for intervention efforts. Taking an ecological perspective of individuals within their social and physical environments, a diagnostic framework is employed in reviewing the literature on factors associated with drinking and driving injuries and on interventions to prevent injuries due to drinking and driving. Intervention planning is conceptualized according to a multilevel intervention framework, which consists of four phases: (1) health goals selection, (2) intervention planning, (3) intervention, and (4) evaluation. Possible intervention objectives, targets of the intervention actions, intervention approaches, and evaluation criteria are identified and discussed for three societal levels and four practice settings.
Facebook usage, involvement and acceptance by Algerian students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Facebook became widely used by students and instructors formally and informally. Researchers' interest in understanding the effects of technology and Facebook use on education is reflected in the large number of recent research studies available about this matter. This paper investigates Algerian students' use of Facebook, their Facebook involvement and acceptance. In line with literature, our results showed that Algerian students tend to use Facebook for social purposes more than academic ones. However, findings indicated a moderate emotional connection and integration of Facebook in Algerian students' routines, and they considered Facebook to be important for their academic experience. Eventually, the study calls for further investigations from different disciplines to provide a larger understanding and encompassing perspective on Facebook use and benefits in developing countries.
Problems with specialist subcontracting in the construction industry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is envisaged that more and more specialist works will be employed in modern buildings for enhancing performance and sustainability. Subcontracting is an economical way of procuring specialist works for modern buildings but it may also give rise to various kinds of problems. Such problems may originate from the characteristics of the specialist works and from subcontracting as a procurement method. In the paper, the key characteristics of specialist works are identified and their implications are analysed. Through discussing how new technologies penetrate the market, the pricing strategies that vendors of new technologies may adopt together with their implications are unveiled. The problems with procuring specialist works through subcontracting are then reviewed, and the issues that building developers should take note of in deciding to equip a building with a specialist work and in procurement and management of the specialist subcontract are highlighted and discussed. Practical application: By providing an in-depth exposition on subcontracting within the construction industry, the paper can act as a source of information and guide for those initiating and managing projects that involve substantial amounts of subcontracting, especially to project clients when they procure specialist works through subcontracting. The potential problems discussed include not only those that may arise during the construction stage, readers’ attention is also drawn to the impacts on operation and maintenance and the aftermarket monopoly power of vendors of proprietary products and services.
A Developmental Stage Approach To Program Planning and Evaluation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human service programs can be seen as proceeding through a number of stages in the course of their development. Each stage can be characterized by a major issue or question to be answered. Evaluation research, if appropriately matched to a program's stage of development, can help inform the decision making that goes on at each step and resolve the questions that need to be answered before proceeding to subsequent stages. This article presents a brief overview of what these stages are, the questions to be answered at each stage, and the kinds of research activity that can assist in answering those questions.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Unnatural Base Pairs: The Role of Dispersion Interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent reports of the successful incorporation of unnatural base pairs (UBPs), such as d5SICS–dNaM, in the gene sequence and replication with DNA is an important milestone in synthetic biology. Followed by this, several other UBPs, such as dTPT3–dNaM, dTPT3–dFIMO, dTPT3–IMO, dTPT3–FEMO, FTPT3–NaM, FTPT3–FIMO, FTPT3–IMO, and FTPT3–FEMO, have demonstrated similar or better retention and fidelity inside cells. Of these base pairs, dNaM–dTPT3 has been optimized to be a better fit inside a pAIO plasmid. Based on both implicit and explicit dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that although this set of UBPs is significantly diverse in elemental and structural configuration, the members do share a common trait of favoring a slipped parallel stacked dimer arrangement. Unlike the natural bases (A, T, G, C, and U), this set of UBPs has a negligible affinity for a Watson–Crick (WC)‐type planar structure because they are invariably more stable within slipped parallel stacked orientations. We also observed that all the UBPs have either similar or higher binding energies with the natural bases in similar stacked orientations. When arranged between two natural base pairs, the UBPs exhibited a binding energy similar to that of three‐base sequences of natural bases. Our computational data show that the most promising base pairs are 5SICS–NaM, TPT3–NaM, and TPT3–FEMO. These results are consistent with recent progress on experimental research into UBPs along with our previous calculations on the d5SICS–dNaM pair and, therefore, strengthen the hypothesis that hydrogen bonding might not be absolutely essential and that interbase stacking dispersion interactions play a key role in the stabilization of genetic materials.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan PT. Brahma Bina Bakti Mill Jambi

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Fast traslate Icon translate Fast traslate Icon translate Turnover intention is the intention of leaving an employee from a company and looking for alternatives to other companies or other jobs. Turnover intention is generated on the basis of the workload experienced by employees. This study aims to determine the relationship between organizational culture, organizational commitment and work stress and turnover intention on employees. The population of this study were employees who worked in the PT. Brahma Bina Bakti Mill Jambi as 162 people. The sample in this study was 62 people with sampling technique used was slovin formula. Therefore, the analysis of the data used is the statistical analysis in the form of multiple linear regression tests. These results indicate that partially, the variable organizational culture and organizational commitment has negative effect on the variable turnover intention. While, Variable work stress has positive effect on the variable turnover intention.
Involvement of Chaperone Sigma1R in the Anxiolytic Effect of Fabomotizole

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sigma-1 receptor (chaperone Sigma1R) is an intracellular protein with chaperone functions, which is expressed in various organs, including the brain. Sigma1R participates in the regulation of physiological mechanisms of anxiety (Su, T. P. et al., 2016) and reactions to emotional stress (Hayashi, T., 2015). In 2006, fabomotizole (ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) was registered in Russia as an anxiolytic (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The molecular targets of fabomotizole are Sigma1R, NRH: quinone reductase 2 (NQO2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) (Seredenin S. and Voronin M., 2009). The current study aimed to clarify the dependence of fabomotizole anxiolytic action on its interaction with Sigma1R and perform a docking analysis of fabomotizole interaction with Sigma1R. An elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that the anxiolytic-like effect of fabomotizole (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male BALB/c mice 30 min prior EPM exposition was blocked by Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and NE-100 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment. Results of initial in silico study showed that fabomotizole locates in the active center of Sigma1R, reproducing the interactions with the site’s amino acids common for established Sigma1R ligands, with the ΔGbind value closer to that of agonist (+)-pentazocine in the 6DK1 binding site.
Radical Reading: Print Culture and the San Francisco Labor Movement, 1880-1889

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Labor historians have documented the extraordinary growth of unionism in 1880s San Francisco and its lasting impact on the city's political and industrial landscape, emphasizing the San Francisco labor movement's impressive organizational and political accomplishments. Little attention has been paid, however, to the blossoming of radical print culture that accompanied and inspired the organizational campaigns of the 1880s. Informed by developments in the fields of labor and book history that emphasize the cultural agency of workers and working-class readers, this study addresses this gap in the historical record, reconstructing the history of radical print culture in 1880s San Francisco through a close reading of two San Francisco labor newspapers, Truth and the Coast Seamen's Journal, as well as other primary sources.\nThis study shows that the San Francisco labor movement, like other Gilded Age reform movements, valued education as a primary instrument of social improvement. To promote working-class education, San Francisco labor organizations established alternative print institutions in the 1880s. Among these institutions were two seminal labor newspapers, Truth and the Coast Seamen's Journal, which provided working-class readers with unprecedented access to radical texts and created a public forum for the voice of the emerging labor community. More specifically, these newspapers sustained a new ideal of reading, identified by this study as “radical reading,” that welded elite, popular, and religious literary models into a powerful critique of industrial society.
Social development of modern Russia: trends, risks, prospects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The analysis of present-time directions in the study of social development has allowed to identify the resource approach as the most productive one which enables to assess social dynamics through the range of resource characteristics of different population groups and abilities of the relevant groups to apply development resources in the current economic and institutional conditions. Basing on the sociological survey conducted by ISAP RANEPA, the quantitative estimation of material and social recourses of the population has been made; integral values of the resource potential have been calculated as well. The issues of social structure formation are analyzed through the aspect of resource availability; the barriers of Russian middle-class enlargement are defined.