jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Feasibility investigation of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection for pulmonary sequestration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) technique has been increasingly used for many thoracic diseases. Whether UVATS has equivalent or better perioperative outcomes for pulmonary sequestration (PS) patients remains controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of UVATS in anatomical lung resection for pulmonary sequestration. Methods A total of 24 patients with PS including fifteen males and nine females with the mean age of 40 (rang, 18-65) years old, who had received completely UVATS anatomical lung resection for PS in Nanjing Chest Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Related clinical data were retrieved from hospital records and analyzed. Results All 24 patients had been treated with the UAVTS approach successfully without aberrant artery ruptured or massive hemorrhage, and no patients died during the perioperative period. Overall median surgery time was 102 mins (range, 55-150mins), the mean blood loss was 94 ml (range, 10-300ml), the mean days of chest tube maintained were 4 days (range,1-10days), and the mean postoperative hospitalization days was 6 days (range,2-11days). All patients were cured, without cough, fever, hemoptysis, and so on, associated with PS, occurring during the average follow-up of 17 months (range, 3-35months). Conclusions Our preliminary results revealed that anatomical lung resection by UVATS is a safe and feasible mini-invasive technique for PS patients, which might be associated with less postoperative pain, reduced paresthesia, better cosmetic results, and faster recovery.
Activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system. Partial purification of components and characterization of the activation process.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The superoxide-generating enzyme of human neutrophils, NADPH oxidase, is converted from an inactive to an active form upon stimulation of the neutrophil. This activation process was examined using a recently developed cell-free system in which dormant oxidase is activated by arachidonic acid in the presence of a soluble factor from the neutrophil (Curnutte, J. T. (1985) J. Clin. Invest. 75, 1740-1743). NADPH oxidase from unstimulated human neutrophils was detected only in the membrane fraction. The soluble activation factor was localized entirely to the cytosolic fraction and exhibited two peaks of activity when partially purified under nondenaturing conditions: a major peak with a molecular mass of approximately 250 kDa and a variable minor peak with a mass of approximately 40 kDa. Both forms activated NADPH oxidase in a similar manner and did not exhibit synergy when combined. The cytosolic factor is not protein kinase C (or another kinase) as both peaks of factor activity could be resolved from the protein kinase C peak and neither required calcium or ATP to activate the oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase did require the simultaneous presence of the membrane fraction, the cytosolic factor, arachidonic acid, and magnesium. Following activation, however, only the membrane fraction was then required for O2- production. Cytosolic factor levels were normal in five patients with either X-linked or autosomal recessive cytochrome b-negative chronic granulomatous disease. In contrast, the membrane fractions from each failed to generate O2-, indicating that the defects in these two genetic forms of chronic granulomatous disease reside either in the oxidase itself or in a membrane component required for activation.
Understand how culture, language, practice impact international student academic integrity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

College students across all demographics can slip up when it comes to academic integrity. But international students are involved in disproportionately higher rates of academic misconduct compared to the general student population. In fact, research shows that international students are five to six times more likely to be reported for academic misconduct. And because international students hail from different backgrounds and cultures, academic integrity education and awareness initiatives will be most effective with this group if they're tailored to address their unique perspectives and needs.
SU(5) Compatible Yukawaon Model With Two Family Symmetries U(3)$\times$O(3)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A yukawaon model which is compatible with an SU(5) GUT model is investigated. In a previous SU(5) compatible yukawaon model with a U(3) family gauge symmetry, we could not build a model with a lower energy scale of the family gauge symmetry breaking scale $Λ_{fam}$ than $10^{13}$ GeV, so the family gauge boson effects in the previous model were invisible. In the present model, we consider two family symmetries U(3)$\times$O(3), and we assume that the conventional quarks and leptons $(\bar{\bf 5}+{\bf 10}+{\bf 1})$ of SU(5) are described as $(\bar{\bf 5}_i+{\bf 10}_α+{\bf 1}_α)$ ($ i=1,2,3$ and $α=1,2,3$ are indices of U(3) and O(3), respectively). As a result, we build a model with $Λ_{O3} \sim 10^{16}$ GeV and $Λ_{U3} \sim 10^{3}$ GeV. The lightest U(3) family gauge boson $A_1^1$ will be observed with a mass of the order of 1 TeV.
Subacute (De Quervain) thyroiditis during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a new disease whose clinical presentation and potential complications are not yet fully understood. One of these possible reported complications is the onset of subacute (De Quervain) thyroiditis (SAT). Here a series of cases of SAT during the COVID‐19 pandemic are reported, and a possible correlation between these 2 entities is extrapolated.
Accurate Realizations of the Ionized Gas in Galaxy Clusters: Calibrating Feedback

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the full, three-dimensional potential of galaxy cluster halos (drawn\nfrom an N-body simulation of the current, most favored cosmology), the\ndistribution of the X-ray emitting gas is found by assuming a polytropic\nequation of state and hydrostatic equilibrium, with constraints from\nconservation of energy and pressure balance at the cluster boundary. The\nresulting properties of the gas for these simulated redshift zero clusters (the\ntemperature distribution, mass-temperature and luminosity-temperature\nrelations, and the gas fraction) are compared with observations in the X-ray of\nnearby clusters. The observed properties are reproduced only under the\nassumption that substantial energy injection from non-gravitational sources has\noccurred. Our model does not specify the source, but star formation and AGN may\nbe capable of providing this energy, which amounts to 3 to 5 x10^{-5} of the\nrest mass in stars (assuming ten percent of the gas initially in the cluster\nforms stars). With the method described here it is possible to generate\nrealistic X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster maps and catalogs from N-body\nsimulations, with the distributions of internal halo properties (and their\ntrends with mass, location, and time) taken into account.\n
Classification of Rice Leaves Diseases by Deep CNN-Transfer Learning Approach for Improved Rice Agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice leaves may suffer serious impacts such as low production or yield of the respective products if necessary precautions are not taken. Therefore, to ensure the healthy and normal growth of the rice plants, early diagnosis of any disease and application of the necessary therapy to the damaged plants are paramount. Because manual disease diagnosis requires a lot of time and effort, an effective automated method is required for early disease diagnosis. As a result, this study presents a deep learning-based solution to the aforementioned issue for the automated detection of three plant diseases: leaf smut, bacterial leaf blight, and brown spot that frequently affect rice plants. The transfer learning with VGGNet convolutional neural network (CNN), which was pre-trained on a sizable Imagenet dataset, was used in this study to effectively classify the illnesses of rice leaves. A number of cutting-edge classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbour (kNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Random Forest, and Decision Tree, are used to compare the performance of the proposed framework. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-transfer learning framework outperforms other classifiers with a mean accuracy of 97.22% in the 5-fold cross-validation.
A cost-efficiency analysis of a mobile dental clinic in the public services.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

During 1997, the Gauteng Oral Health Services implemented a Mobile Oral Health Care System (MOHCS) in the province. For the first year (1997/98) one mobile dental clinic was utilised in the West Rand region of the province and services were provided by dentists, dental therapists and oral hygienists. The purpose of the MOHCS is to provide an accessible and affordable comprehensive oral health care service of high quality and standard. The aim of this study was to determine the cost-efficiency of the mobile dental clinic utilised in the West Rand region over the first year of implementation. After consultation with all stakeholders, an operational plan was finalised. The plan included a traveling schedule, clinicians available for service delivery, and a management information system (MIS). Statistics on dental materials, consumables, treatment provided, etc. were collected and analysed. During the study period 2072 patients received dental treatment at 38 different sites in the region. At an average cost of R56.50 (+/- US$11) per patient, services to the value of R92.45 (+/- US$18) per patient were delivered during 104 working days. Of the 1477 patients treated by a dentist or dental therapist, 53% were treated by extracting 1026 teeth, and 27% by restoring 570 teeth. For oral hygiene patients, 67% received an oral hygiene procedure and 13% received fissure sealants. With a net margin ratio of 0,39 and a breakeven point of 1173,46 patients and 58,90 days, an accessible and cost-efficient service was provided to health districts in the West Rand region.
The Effectiveness and Sustainability of Aid in Ethiopia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The effectiveness and sustainability of aid grants have always been debatable among economic researchers and other development agencies and to date no consensus has been reached as to whether aid grants are effective and sustainable or not. Various contradicting reports have been presented on this issue and the views of different researchers are discussed. For aid dependent countries like Ethiopia, assessing factors influencing aid effectiveness and sustainability is very important. In this regard, this study has aimed at examining the effective-ness and sustainability of aid-funded HIV/AIDS projects in Oromia region, Ethiopia.
Constructing Informality and Ordinary Places: A Place-Making Approach to Urban Informal Settlements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 1960s, understandings of urban informal settlements have constantly evolved. Almost since this urban phenomenon was first observed — coinciding with patterns of industrialisation and urbanisation in 1950s Latin America — it has been accompanied by debates about the meaning and extent of urban informality, understood as closely linked to urban poverty. Although many advances have been made in terms of theoretical understandings of these places, and the policy responses that ensue, they are still subject to disproportionate levels of marginalisation, including effects ranging from discrimination to eviction and displacement. Some observers suggest that this is reflective of critical gaps in urban theory, deriving from the dominance of particular epistemologies and methodologies within urban studies, which have led to the prevalence of 'apocalyptic and dystopian narratives of the slum'1 (Roy, 2011: 224). Such accounts reveal the limits of knowledge about urban informality, based as it is on certain privileged circuits of knowledge production which frame urban informal settlements in particular ways. This may lead to 'sanctioned ignorance' (Spivak, 1999 in Roy, 2011: 228), the unseeing of the productive spaces of informality that constitute significant swathes of today's cities; or to stereotyping of particular places and people in terms of their 'illegal', 'illegitimate' status in the urban environment. Both processes contribute to the marginalisation of urban informal settlements.KeywordsInformal SettlementUrban SpacePlace AttachmentUrban PovertyPlace MeaningThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO AMMONIA DURING INDUSTRIAL-SCALE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION COMPOSTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biodegradable waste material can be exploited through anaerobic digestion, an oxygen-free multi-stage process often completed by a composting step, which harnesses the power of microorganisms to break down organic matter. This waste-treatment sector is growing rapidly in France as it allows the production of valuable digestates and biogas (biomethane). One of the main occupational health concerns in this sector is exposure to ammonia. The present work focused on ammonia emitted over the course of several stages in the anaerobic digestion and composting process, and assessed employee exposure to this pollutant. Exposure was measured for distinct worker activities and work areas, as well as during the various steps of the process. The results revealed non-negligible ammonia exposure for workers operating in the dehydration (until 55 ppmV in the workplace and 17 ppmV on the worker) and composting (until 45 ppmV in the workplace and 17 ppmV on the loader driver) areas on several sites. A classical monitoring approach was supplemented by the identification of explanatory parameters contributing to exposure: material emissivity, amounts stored or handled, and ventilation systems in use. Based on these elements, recommendations were made on prevention choices, including reducing emissions at source namely by process improvement and management of stored quantities, improving existing preventive systems such as capture at source or general ventilation, and employee education to raise awareness of waste management risks and improve practices.
Development of New Simulator Generating High Frequency Component of Ski Board Vibrations in Actual Skiing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purposes of this study are to develop the new simulator generating high frequency component of a ski board vibration in skiing and to investigate the key factor to influence the ski sliding performance of the ski board. Using this simulator, a coefficient of kinetic friction (μk) between the snow and the ski board with the vibration of 0 Hz (no vibration), 263 Hz and 361 Hz were investigated. Furthermore, a field experiment for verifying these experimental results using a simulator was carried out in a ski area. From these experiments, a high vibration frequency of the ranges from almost 200 Hz to 400 Hz occurred on a ski board has been thought to be key factor to influence the sliding performance of the ski board.
Using the Quemada rheology model for drilling fluids — Practical considerations

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical description of the Quemada rheological model is given, focusing on realistic drilling fluids. The purpose of the work described is to derive results that are required for robust, accurate, and efficient implementations of the model. Challenges related to non-monotonic shear stress vs. shear rate for fluids with high yield stress are discussed and solutions are suggested. A brief discussion of the Quemada model's connection with chemistry and physics, which is an important motivation for using it, is included.
SH1204154.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Carbon Flow in Mercury Biomethylation by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Radiocarbon incorporation from pyruvate and serine into monomethylmercury by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was consistent with the proposal that the methyl group originates from C-3 of serine. Immunodiagnostic assays measured 4 to 35 μg of tetrahydrofolate and 58 to 161 ng of cobalamin or a closely related cobalt porphyrin per g of cell protein in D. desulfuricans. The light-reversible inhibition of mercury methylation by propyl iodide in D. desulfuricans indicates methyl transfer by a cobalt porphyrin.
Phylogeography, origin and population structure of the self‐fertile emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora pseudosyringae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phytophthora pseudosyringae is a self‐fertile pathogen of woody plants, particularly associated with tree species from the genera Fagus , Notholithocarpus , Nothofagus and Quercus , which is found across Europe and in parts of North America and Chile. It can behave as a soil pathogen infecting roots and the stem collar region, as well as an aerial pathogen infecting leaves, twigs and stem barks, causing particular damage in the United Kingdom and western North America. The population structure, migration and potential outcrossing of a worldwide collection of isolates were investigated using genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Coalescent‐based migration analysis revealed that the North American population originated from Europe. Historical gene flow has occurred between the continents in both directions to some extent, yet contemporary migration is overwhelmingly from Europe to North America. Two broad population clusters dominate the global population of the pathogen, with a subgroup derived from one of the main clusters found only in western North America. Index of association and network analyses indicate an influential level of outcrossing has occurred in this preferentially inbreeding, homothallic oomycete. Outcrossing between the two main population clusters has created distinct subgroups of admixed individuals that are, however, less common than the main population clusters. Differences in life history traits between the two main population clusters should be further investigated together with virulence and host range tests to evaluate the risk each population poses to natural environments worldwide.
Mortality events associated with microsporidian, Spraguea sp., in White Trevally culture in Japan

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract In 2021, White Trevally or Striped Jack cultured in the western part of Japan exhibited mild, but chronic mortalities from late September through early October. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 0.02% per a net pen containing approximately 50,000 fish. Although the cumulative mortality rate was not high, most of the fish in net pens showed characteristic gross signs and an abnormal swimming behaviour. The body of diseased fish became pale and the yellow lines on the lateral sides of fish body became darken. In addition, silver lines along the dorsal fin became apparent. Loss of schooling behaviour was noted during the mortality event. In addition, affected fish became lethargic and failed to swim against current, or frequently stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of net pens after feeding. The goal of this study was to identify the cause of the mortality event. To achieve the goal, we used histopathology and metatranscriptome analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that xenoma of microsporidian were frequently observed in the nerve axon in the brain and spinal cord. Spores observed in the sections were stained with a fluorescent dye, Uvitex 2B, indicating those spores are microsporidian. The data from metatranscriptome analysis indicated that the microsporidian is Spraguea sp. The microsporidian was frequently detected from diseased fish with similar symptoms collected in the same region, suggesting that the microsporidian was highly associated with abnormal swimming behaviour of fish.
MEASURING THE MASS OF SOLAR SYSTEM PLANETS USING PULSAR TIMING

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High-precision pulsar timing relies on a solar system ephemeris in order to convert times of arrival (TOAs) of pulses measured at an observatory to the solar system barycenter. Any error in the conversion to the barycentric TOAs leads to a systematic variation in the observed timing residuals; specifically, an incorrect planetary mass leads to a predominantly sinusoidal variation having a period and phase associated with the planet's orbital motion about the Sun. By using an array of pulsars (PSRs J0437–4715, J1744–1134, J1857+0943, J1909–3744), the masses of the planetary systems from Mercury to Saturn have been determined. These masses are consistent with the best-known masses determined by spacecraft observations, with the mass of the Jovian system, 9.547921(2) ×10–4 M , being significantly more accurate than the mass determined from the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft, and consistent with but less accurate than the value from the Galileo spacecraft. While spacecraft are likely to produce the most accurate measurements for individual solar system bodies, the pulsar technique is sensitive to planetary system masses and has the potential to provide the most accurate values of these masses for some planets.