jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a National Campaign to Deliver 18 Million Free Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets to Uncovered Sleeping Spaces in \nTanzania

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

\nSince 2004, the Tanzanian National Voucher Scheme has increased availability and accessibility of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to pregnant women and infants by subsidizing the cost of nets purchased. From 2008 to 2010, a mass distribution campaign delivered nine million long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) free-of-charge to children under-five years of age in Tanzania mainland. In 2010 and 2011, a Universal Coverage Campaign (UCC) led by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) was implemented to cover all sleeping spaces not yet reached through previous initiatives. The UCC was coordinated through a unit within the National Malaria Control Programme. Partners were contracted by the MoHSW to implement different activities in collaboration with local government authorities. Volunteers registered the number of uncovered sleeping spaces in every household in the country. On this basis, LLINs were ordered and delivered to village level, where they were issued over a three-day period in each zone (three regions). Household surveys were conducted in seven districts immediately after the campaign to assess net ownership and use. The UCC was chiefly financed by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria with important contributions from the US President's Malaria Initiative. A total of 18.2 million LLINs were delivered at an average cost of USD 5.30 per LLIN. Overall, 83% of the expenses were used for LLIN procurement and delivery and 17% for campaign associated activities. Preliminary results of the latest Tanzania HIV Malaria Indicator Survey (2011--12) show that household ownership of at least one ITN increased to 91.5%. ITN use, among children under-five years of age, improved to 72.7% after the campaign. ITN ownership and use data post-campaign indicated high equity across wealth quintiles. Close collaboration among the MoHSW, donors, contracted partners, local government authorities and volunteers made it possible to carry out one of the largest LLIN distribution campaigns conducted in Africa to date. Through the strong increase of ITN use, the recent activities of the national ITN programme will likely result in further decline in child mortality rates in Tanzania, helping to achieve Millennium Development Goals 4 and 6. \n
Calculation of 2D Velocity Field in Supercavitating Flow by Combination of Slender Body Theory and BEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, 2D potential flow field caused by a supercavitating slender body has been studied using Boundary Element Method. The profile of the supercavity interface determines the boundary which separates liquid phase from gas phase, has been obtained from Pellone et al's study. Achieving to a constant pressure on the supercavity using BEM shows that, the supposed cavity profile can stand for a real supercavity interface. Calculated cavitation numbers corresponding with non-dimensional length of cavity shows that the closure point's length for cavity differs a little from Pellone et al's results.
The Effects of Incidence of Care Needs in Households on Employment, Subjective Health, and Life Satisfaction among Middle‐aged Family Members

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study, based on longitudinal data, we investigate whether Japanese middle‐aged men and women become less likely to have a job and whether their sense of well‐being decreases when they have a family member who needs care. We find a consistent negative impact of having a family member who needs care on employment, but no impact on subjective health and life satisfaction. Further, the differences‐in‐differences ( DID ) estimation, based on both unmatched and matched data, shows that the Long‐Term Care Insurance ( LTCI ) introduced in 2000 did not mitigate the adverse impact on the probability of being employed.
A Forecasting and Decision Model for Successful Service Negotiation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Future e-business models will rely on electronic contracts which are agreed dynamically and adaptively by web services. Thus, the automatic negotiation of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between consumers and providers is key for enabling service-based value chains. The process of finding appropriate providers for web services seems to be simple. Consumers contact several providers and take the provider which offers the best matching SLA. However, currently consumers are not able forecasting the probability of finding a matching provider for their requested SLA. So consumers contact several providers and check if their offers are matching. In case of continuing faults, on the one hand consumers may adapt their Service Level Objects (SLOs) of the required SLA or on the other hand simply accept offered SLAs of the contacted providers. Thus, this paper proposes an analytical forecast model, which allows consumers to get an assessment of the probability to find matching providers. Additionally, we present an optimization algorithm based on the forecast results, which allows adapting the SLO parameter ranges in order to find at least one matching provider. Not only consumers, but also providers can use this forecast model to predict the prospective demand. So providers are able to assess the number of potential consumers based on their offers too. Justification of our approach is done by simulation of practical examples checking our theoretical findings.
Pemodelan Augmented Reality Edukasi Tata Surya Menggunakan Metode Marker Based Tracking dan Uat

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of interactive education as learning in education generally has several influencing factors, such as teachers who teach experiencing difficulties in keeping up with developments in information technology, learning media support tools for teaching in institutions are still limited in their use, only a few teachers use information technology in learning media because they have the knowledge to apply it to the teaching process, then from the problems that occur, the objectives include this research, designing an application interface display concept as an innovation in the use of learning technology according to needs, then creating an augmented reality learning application about the solar system according to the design created, after knowing the objectives What will be carried out in this research is implementing the use of an augmented reality application for the solar system using the marker based tracking method, where there is 3D object scanning of each planetary object in the solar system, while testing the application on 50 students of SDN Kebon Jeruk 15 Pagi, both classes VI A and B uses the user acceptance model (UAT), from the explanation explained if it is analyzed it produces an augmented reality application that has been created regarding the Android-based solar system so that it can be concluded that the testing process can be categorized as good or not in terms of AR applications and 3D object marker flashcards for students at school.
Laryngeal trauma: a case with blunt thyroid cartilage fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Laryngotracheal trauma is a rare condition to be found in hospital care and has high morbidity and mortality. Methodology: This study reports the case of a 48-year-old man, victim of a car-by-car accident, who was admitted to the emergency room hemodynamically stable, on spontaneous ventilation, with progressive dysphonia and no laryngeal stridor. Through computed tomography, a fracture of the thyroid cartilage's notch with lateral dislocation was identified. Due to this condition's benign evolution, a conservative approach was the chosen line of care. Results and discussions: At present, there is no universal algorithm for approaching laryngeal trauma, however, all cervical traumas require high suspicion of laryngeal fracture in order for early treatment to take place, improving prognosis and reducing the risk of severe complications. Conclusion: Thus, this report highlights the importance of proper management of this condition, in addition to the implementation of a multidisciplinary approach in diminishing future damage and endowing conservative treatment to laryngotracheal injuries.
Effects of flooding on growth, survival, and recovery of perennial grass and legume forages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Flooding is detrimental to most terrestrial perennial forage species, often impacting shoot growth and survival. Three sets of plants, legumes, grasses, and alfalfa lines with altered levels of phytoglobin, were treated with either flooding or non-flooding for 10 and 21 days or 14 and 28 days and then allowed to recover for two weeks. Various shoot and root measurements were taken to determine flooding tolerance. Most species tested were negatively impacted by flooding, but two grasses, timothy and reed canarygrass developed positive growth effects. Of the legumes, birds-foot trefoil was highly tolerant of flooding while alfalfa was the most intolerant. Plants with less root damage had greater tolerance, and the presence of aerenchyma led to better root growth. Increased levels of phytoglobin seemed to impart some advantage, but the period of improvement differed between lines. Overall, species flooding tolerance differed with aerenchyma, other root characteristics, and high levels of phytoglobin improved growth and survival.
Longterm Follow-Up of Childhood Epilepsy with Absences - II. Absence-Epilepsy with Initial Grand Mal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study deals with 83 patients with absence epilepsy which had started with generalized tonic clonic seizures. Only those patients were included, who could be followed up to an age older than eighteen years. The patient population is heterogeneous; it includes numerous older patients in whom therapy had been instituted at a time when the present standard medication with ethosuximide and valproate was not available. Therefore the data cannot be used as a basis for global statements concerning the prognosis of absence epilepsy with grand mal onset. About 80% of the patients treated with standard therapy became seizure free. An unfavourable course was mainly preceded by incorrect, irregular and quantitatively inadequate therapy. Standard therapy cannot prevent singular generalised tonic clonic seizures in the late course. The social status of adult patients is mainly favourable if they are seizure free. Sporadic attacks usually will not impair social integration. In all, absence epilepsy starting with grand mal responds not as well to therapy and has a more unfavourable social prognosis than epilepsy starting with absences.
Regulation of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases by phosphorylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is essential for transcription and replication of their genome since host cells lack equivalent enzymes. RdRp residues were shown to be phosphorylated by host kinases in several human, animal or plant viruses including flaviviruses, picornaviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses and tymoviruses. RdRps can be phosphorylated on several residues by distinct host kinases. Phosphomimetic mutations of identified phosphorylated residues either positively or negatively regulate RNA synthesis or association of RdRps with RNA or other proteins. Interestingly, some RdRps evolved to recruit cellular kinases through direct protein-protein interaction, likely to promote or to tightly control their own phosphorylation. Given the essential nature of RdRps for RNA virus replication, a better knowledge of RdRps’ phosphorylation is expected to facilitate the design of future drugs that strongly affect polymerase activity.
Consumer Bankruptcy after the Fall: United States Law under S.256

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the consumer bankruptcy system in the United States after the enactment in April 2005 of S. 256, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005. The paper was prepared for a workshop on comparative commercial and consumer law at the University of Toronto in the fall of 2005. The bulk of the paper is devoted to a detailed examination of the workings of the means test, the Byzantine new gate-keeping provision that tests whether an individual consumer debtor may proceed with a liquidation bankruptcy case under chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The paper also examines more briefly four other aspects of the revisions to the U.S. consumer bankruptcy system: (1) the creation of entry barriers for a consumer debtor to obtain bankruptcy relief; (2) the weakening of the discharge available to consumer debtors; (3) windfalls to secured creditors; and (4) limitations to the homestead exemption. An Appendix includes a letter that 92 law professors sent to the United States Senate prior to enactment of the bill and which opposed the bill; the author was one of the signatories.
Are real exchange rates stationary based on panel unit-root tests? Evidence from Pacific Basin countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recently, there have been many studies that apply the panel unit-root test of Levin and Lin (1992) to support the validity of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) for industrial countries. This paper applies two recently developed panel unit-root tests, provided by Im et al. (1995) and Maddala and Wu (1998), respectively, to re-examine the PPP hypothesis for eight Pacific Basin countries. The empirical evidence fails to support PPP for Pacific Basin countries. This finding is robust to different base countries and to different subsets of the panel. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goals and Pathways of Public Governance Contribution to Achieve Progress in the Quality of Life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research examines the importance of effective public governance in maximising the well-being of citizens in EU member states. Our research strategy used an integrated modelling framework involving data mapping and an autoregressive model with distributed lags (ARDL) for 2012–2022 in the EU member countries. The results demonstrated that the World Governance Indicator (WGI) has a mixed impact on Quality of Life (QL). In the short term, the impact is positive if there is an increase in the level of the public governance indicator, and in the long term, the effect of public governance on the quality of life is negative due to the challenges associated with implementing reforms. Additionally, our results highlighted that, to improve citizens’ quality of life, policies should focus on increasing the Purchasing Power (PP) and Safety of Society (SS) as well as on issues related to Pollution (P) and the Cost of Living (CL). There are similarities between the long-term ARDL analysis estimate and the short-term one, with the latter pointing out that they will be able to have quick positive effects, while pollution and increased living costs have immediate adverse effects on quality of life.
[Changes in the rat gastric mucosa after intragastric administration of gastric juice from healthy controls and from patients with duodenal ulcer].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It has been shown in rat experiments that gastric juice from duodenal ulcer patients possesses significantly greater aggressiveness as regards the gastric mucosa of rats as compared to gastric juice from normal subjects. Injuries to the gastric mucosa of rats under the experimental conditions were consequent, apart from the injuring action of exogenic proteases of the patients' gastric juice, on activation of the system of mucosal proteases active in a weak-acidic medium (lysosomal), as well as on the decreased resistance of rat gastric mucosa proteins to the destruction by rat gastric mucosa pepsins under acidic pH values. The impairment of the mucosal resistance to the destruction might be promoted by the reduced number of glycosaminoglycan fractions, detected during electrophoresis of the mucosal extracts from the experimental rats.
Weed control in corn via intercropping with gliricidia sown by broadcasting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There has been interest in reducing the use of herbicides for weed control in order to decrease environmental degradation problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gliricidia planting density sown by broadcasting and intercopping on green ear and corn grain yield as well as on weed control. A randomized block design with split-plots and five replicates were adopted. Cultivars AG 1051, BM 2022, and BM 3061, assigned to plots, were submitted to the following treatments: no hoeing, two hoeings (at 20 and 40 days after sowing), and intercropped with gliricidia sown at densities of 10 and 20 seeds m-2. Thirty weed species occurred in the experiment area, with Cucumis anguria as the most frequent ones. Cultivar BM 2022 was the best for the total number of ears (TNE) and number (NMHE) and weight of marketable husked ears. Together with cultivar AG 1051, this cultivar had the highest total weight and marketable unhusked ear weight (MUEW). However, the cultivars did not differ with respect to grain yield (GY). The highest green ear and corn grain yield and weed control percentages were obtained with two hoeings; in MUEW, NMHE and GY, intercropping provided intermediate means in comparison with those obtained in hoed and non-hoed plots, indicating that gliricidia was partially beneficial to corn. Increased gliricidia seeding density heightened the benefits to corn (TNE and MUEW). The lack of hoeing produced the poorest green ear and grain yields.
A study of the influence of deviant minority on visual judgements within a small group

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The influence which a deviant minority might exert over other members of a group was examined in three experiments in which the group consisted of five female members, who were given the task of estimating the number of random dots. The subjects were 163 female undergraduates. Some members of the group were confederates, confidently and consistently giving estimates much higher than actual. In the first experiment, groups consisted of either four confederates and one naive subject, or one confederate and four naive subjects. The results demonstrated that even a single and extreme deviant could exert a great deal of influence over the majority. In the second experiment, a deviant credited with a high level of ability also had a great deal of influence over the majority, but such an impact may be considered to be less overt and latent. In the third experiment, the order in which the confederate spoke was varied among groups. When the deviant spoke first, she had the most influence, but she also had some effect, although it did not appear immediately, when she spoke in the middle of the group, or last of all.
‘I Interact Therefore I Am’: The Self as a Historical Product of Dialectical Attunement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this article, moving from being to becoming, we construe the 'self' as a dynamic process rather than as a static entity. To this end we draw on dialectics and Bayesian accounts of cognition. The former allows us to holistically consider the 'self' as the interplay between internalization and externalization and the latter to operationalize our suggestion formally. Internalization is considered here as the co-construction of bodily hierarchical models of the (social) world and the organism, while externalization is taken as the collective transformation of the world. We do not consider these processes as sequentially linked, but rather as a dialectic between the collective and the individual. This leads us to the suggestion of the self as a historical product of dialectical attunement across multiple time scales, from species evolution and culture to individual development and everyday learning. Subsequently, we describe concrete means for empirically testing our proposal in the form of two-person psychophysiology and multi-level analyses of intersubjectivity. Taken together, we suggest that a fine-grained analysis of social interaction might allow us to reconsider the 'self' beyond the static individual, i.e. how it emerges and manifests itself in social relations. Such an approach, we believe, could be relevant in multiple fields, from ethics and psychiatry to pedagogy and artificial intelligence.
The stochastic gravitational wave background : from models to observation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity and predicted the existence of ripples of spacetime: gravitational waves (GWs). The first detection of GWs by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaborations happened almost a century later, and started a new era: GW astronomy. In addition to the ninety GW detections in the third LVK observing run, a large amount of weaker sources are expected to contribute to an overall gravitational-wave background (GWB). Depending on the source, astrophysical or cosmological contributions can be distinguished. The former receives contributions such as the merger of binary black holes (BBHs) or supernova explosions, whereas the latter would come from cosmological processes that happened during the history of our Universe. Due to the many sources contributing to the background, its detection would reveal a wealth of information and represents the holy grail of GW astronomy. Furthermore, the cosmological background forms a unique way to probe the high energy scales involved in these processes, usually unattainable by detectors on Earth. This thesis considers both contributions to the GWB, both from a data analysis and modelling perspective, with emphasis on bridging the two. For the astrophysical background, the development of a data analysis technique to reduce the time until the detection of such a background formed an important part of this work. The GWB from BBHs can be distinguished from other contributions in the LVK detectors through its intermittent nature. As the duration of the signals is shorter than the time in between signals, this background appears popcorn-like. A new data analysis method that targets this intermittency is developed and the improvements in time to detection compared to other searches are illustrated. In addition, the implications of the detection of this background for the formation and evolution of BBHs are explored, by using data from the LVK detectors. Within the possible cosmological sources, attention is paid to first order phase transitions. As the temperature of the Universe decreases, these phase transitions can take place and generate a GWB. The study of these phase transitions and the resulting GWB, forms the target of the last part of this work. The goal is to understand the detectability of such signals and to set constraints on models given available GW data from the LVK detectors. This illustrates how particle physics and GW physics can go together to unlock the information contained in the background.