jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lightweight secure communication for CoAP-enabled Internet of Things using delegated DTLS handshake

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IETF CoRE working group proposed to use DTLS for supporting secure IoT services. In this paper, we examine problems that can happen when applying the DTLS protocol to IoT networks directly. To solve the problems, we separate the DTLS protocol into two; the handshake phase and the encryption phase. Our approach enhances performance in both device and network by using a way to delegate the DTLS handshake phase. We also present two scenarios (inbound and outbound) based on the properties of Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) enabled sensors. The proposed scheme supports secure end-to-end communication despite using delegation.
Municipal garbage as a component of potting media for the growth of rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.) seedlings in the nursery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To evaluate the effect of potting media containing municipal garbage on the growth of Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.) seedlings in the nursery, a series of studies were carried out at the College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur. Treatments T1 (soil), T2 (soil: sand), and T3 (soil: sand: cowdung) recorded 100 per cent initial survival rate. In most of the treatments containing municipal garbage, initial establishment were found to be good. Growth and vigour in terms of shoot growth parameters were found to be most promising when the seedlings were grown in potting media containing 4 weeks decomposed municipal garbage and soil: sand: cowdung. Physiological growth parameters did not show any systematic pattern. No uniform trend could be observed with regard to chlorophyll content also. Seedlings grown in potting media containing soil: sand: cowdung recorded maximum content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tissues. Media containing 4 weeks decomposed municipal garbage also recorded high content of tissue nitrogen and phosphorus. It was observed that at the end of the study period, percentage of nutrient elements in different potting media slightly increased compared to the initial content.
SuperDARN Grid data in netCDF format (2015-Jan)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

2015-Jan SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using versions 3.0 of the public FitACF and make_grid algorithms, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rstThe research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation. Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications. A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication. A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here: (SuperDARN Radar Overview)Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'
ACTIONS OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2 ON MYOCARDIAL MECHANICS, CORONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE GUINEA‐PIG ISOLATED HEART PREPARATION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In isolated, electrically driven (3 Hz) hearts of guinea‐pigs the action of prostaglandin E 2 on left ventricular pressure (LVP), oxygen consumption ( Qo 2 ) and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was studied by establishing cumulative concentration‐response curves. The hearts were perfused at a constant flow (10 ml/min) with Tyrode solution (Ca ++ 1.8 mM) at 32° C. Under control conditions prostaglandin E 2 (2.86 × 10 −11 − 1.43 × 10 −7 M) decreased LVP, Q o 2 and CVR in a concentration‐dependent manner by maximally 27, 18 and 38%, respectively ( P < 0.05). After reserpine pretreatment there were lower initial values for all parameters measured. The effect of prostaglandin E 2 on LVP and Q o 2 was abolished, but CVR was further diminished, depending on the concentration. The results seem to support the hypothesis of an interaction of prostaglandin E 2 with endogenous catecholamines as far as the effects on LVP and Q o 2 are concerned. In contrast, prostaglandin E 2 seems to have a direct action on CVR, which is independent of the presence of catecholamines.
Nonlinear equations to determine the growth curve of immunocastrated pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare the performance of the nonlinear Gompertz, logistic, and von Bertalanffy equations, to describe the growth curve of immunocastrated male pigs from birth until reaching 140 kg body weight. Standard error, number of iterations, mean square of the error, and coefficient of determination were compared between the models. The logistic and von Bertalanffy equations do not accurately estimate the initial and slaughter weights. The Gompertz equation shows the highest reliability and is, therefore, the most suitable one to describe the growth curve of immunocastrated pigs from birth until 140 kg body weight is reached.
Diff-LMM: Diffusion Teacher-Guided Spatio-Temporal Perception for Video Large Multimodal Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic spatio-temporal understanding is essential for video-based multimodal tasks, yet existing methods often struggle to capture fine-grained temporal and spatial relationships in long videos. Current approaches primarily rely on pre-trained CLIP encoders, which excel in semantic understanding but lack spatially-aware visual context. This leads to hallucinated results when interpreting fine-grained objects or scenes. To address these limitations, we propose a novel framework that integrates diffusion models into multimodal video models. By employing diffusion encoders at intermediate layers, we enhance visual representations through feature alignment and knowledge distillation losses, significantly improving the model's ability to capture spatial patterns over time. Additionally, we introduce a multi-level alignment strategy to learn robust feature correspondence from pre-trained diffusion models. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate our approach's state-of-the-art performance across multiple video understanding tasks. These results establish diffusion models as a powerful tool for enhancing multimodal video models in complex, dynamic scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amides: New Highly Efficient and Remarkably Versatile Catalysts for C—C Bond Formation Reactions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Materials Data on NdTm3 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tm3Nd is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Tm sites. In the first Tm site, Tm is bonded to eight equivalent Tm and four equivalent Nd atoms to form TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Tm–Tm bond distances ranging from 3.50–3.65 Å. There are two shorter (3.54 Å) and two longer (3.60 Å) Tm–Nd bond lengths. In the second Tm site, Tm is bonded to eight Tm and four equivalent Nd atoms to form TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Tm–Tm bond distances ranging from 3.50–3.65 Å. There are two shorter (3.54 Å) and two longer (3.60 Å) Tm–Nd bond lengths. Nd is bonded to twelve Tm atoms to form NdTm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent NdTm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve TmNd4Tm8 cuboctahedra.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A single early-in-life macrolide course has lasting effects on murine microbial network topology and immunity.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children.Early childhood represents a dynamic period for the intestinal microbial ecosystem, which is readily shaped by environmental cues; antibiotic-induced disruption of this sensitive community may have long-lasting host consequences.Here we demonstrate that a single pulsed macrolide antibiotic treatment (PAT) course early in life is sufficient to lead to durable alterations to the murine intestinal microbiota, ileal gene expression, specific intestinal T-cell populations, and secretory IgA expression.A PAT-perturbed microbial community is necessary for host effects and sufficient to transfer delayed secretory IgA expression.Additionally, early-life antibiotic exposure has lasting and transferable effects on microbial community network topology.Our results indicate that a single early-life macrolide course can alter the microbiota and modulate host immune phenotypes that persist long after exposure has ceased.
The Relationships Between Stress, Mental Disorders, and Epigenetic Regulation of BDNF

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical member of the neurotrophic family, plays an important role in multiple stress-related mental disorders. Although alterations in BDNF in multiple brain regions of individuals experiencing stress have been demonstrated in previous studies, it appears that a set of elements are involved in the complex regulation. In this review, we summarize the specific brain regions with altered BDNF expression during stress exposure. How various environmental factors, including both physical and psychological stress, affect the expression of BDNF in specific brain regions are further summarized. Moreover, epigenetic regulation of BDNF, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in response to diverse types of stress, as well as sex differences in the sensitivity of BDNF to the stress response, is also summarized. Clarification of the underlying role of BDNF in the stress process will promote our understanding of the pathology of stress-linked mental disorders and provide a potent target for the future treatment of stress-related illness.
Whole-Body-MRI with a rolling table platform to detect bone metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Bone metastases occur with many primary cancers. They considerably influence the quality and length of a patient s life. At present radionuclide scintigraphy is the gold standard for detecting bone metastases whereas the role of MRI is mostly limited to assess uncertain lesions located in any single skeletal region [1]. Recently, the availability of faster gradients and rapid table motion have opened the possibility for whole body MRI [2,3] The aim of this study was to compare the results of rapid whole-body MRI of the skeletal system with findings of nuclear scintigraphy in patients with bone metastases. Methods Eighteen patients who had undergone radionuclide scintigraphy were included in this study, which was conducted in accordance with the regulations set forth by the local ethics committee. MRI could not be performed in two cases because of claustrophobia. Sixteen patients with known bone metastases were examined by MRI (1.5T Sonata, Siemens). Patients were placed on a rolling table platform (BodySURF = system of unlimited rolling field of view) capable of pulling the patient through the magnet bore as well as through a phased array surface coil. Three different image sets (T1-GRE and HASTE with breathhold, TIRM LOTA without breathhold) were collected in the coronal plane. In addition, the spine was imaged in the sagittal plane (T1-GRE, HASTE).
Profiling Adopter Categories of Internet Banking in India: An Empirical Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Internet Banking is an example of B2C business model, where transactions can be carried out without visiting the bank branch physically. The objective of the empirical study is to identify the dimensions and their impact on the adoption of Internet Banking on the various adopter categories. In order to get an insight of the different adopter segments, two important constructs such as customer perception constituting perceived ease of use and perceived security risk and perception towards demographic variables consisting of age, gender, education, income and occupation of the users are identified from the existing literature. The cluster analysis reveals that the clusters formed are innovators, early majority, late majority and laggards for adopting Internet Banking. Our study substantiates that only income as a variable acts as a roadblock in the adoption of Internet Banking services. The study will help Internet Banking marketing managers to design their strategies so as to encourage adoption and attract more customers.
Factors Affecting Smallholder Farmers' Adoption of Soybean Production Technologies in Kondala District Oromia Western Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study examines on the adoption and intensity of soybean production technology in the Kondala district. A two-stage sampling procedure was followed to select the sample households for the study. The study is based on primary data collected from 185 sample-selected households. Four rural kebeles were selected by using simple random sampling. The semi-structured interview schedule was developed, for collecting the essential quantitative data for the study and secondary data were used as additional data sources. Descriptive statistics and the Tobit model were used to analyse the data. This study also identifies soybean production technologies such as recommended seeding rate, recommended fertilizer applications, land allocation. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that the majority of farmers 57.3% were adopters and the remaining 42.7% were non adopters. In terms of land allocation and use of technologies there was a statistical significance difference in technology usage between adopters and non-adopters. The Tobit model results indicated that household ages, education level, farm experience, membership in cooperatives, access to agricultural inputs, participation in non-farm activities, and frequency of extension contact positively and significantly influenced the adoption and intensity of the use of soybean technologies. Whereas, distance from the market centre showed, a negative relationship with the adoption and intensity of adoption of soybeans production technology. The overall finding of the study underlined the high importance of institutional support in the areas of extension; membership in cooperatives and market to enhance the adoption of an improved soybean production package. Therefore, policy and development interventions should give emphasis to the improvement of such institutional support so as to achieve wider adoption which increases the productivity and income of smallholder farmers.
Rethinking Logic of Inference and Explanation in the Field of International Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article provides an investigation of the conventional logic of inference that underlies the search for a causal explanation of social and political behaviour, including state behaviour, in world politics. It proposes an alternative reasoning strategy which can complement the traditional (inductive and deductive) logic of inference. In addition, the article enters into a discussion of how the proposed alternative can make theoretical contributions to obtaining a better understanding of the complex reality of world politics.
Review: Oliver's Travels:A History of Scotland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Popularising history is like dancing on eggs. The great Thomas Carlyle created two 'model historians': Smelljungus 'the archive man' and Sauerteig 'yeast in the dough': meaning himself. A J P Taylor said 'if you want to relive history: read Carlyle'. His French Revolution (1837) was like cinema, swooping in and out of battles, parades, executions. Not everyone approved of the narrative grand style, then or now. Prof Tom Devine attacked the BBC History of Scotland's series' user-friendly narrator Neil Oliver in 2006 and got wrath back, like Fraser versus Mannering in Dad's Army. But Devine's own The Scottish Nation (1999) only starts in 1688, at that depressing moment for little Johnie Lockhart for whom Walter Scott wrote his Tales of a Grandfather, when 'civilisation' started. In fact Oliver used a variety of approaches, of which the archaeological (at which he is most specialised) differed from the topographical-political, reminding us how important the Highlands were until the nineteenth century.
Tidal currents in the western Svalbard Fjords

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The paper is focusing on the tides and on the strong tidal current generated in the western fjords of Svalbard. Numerical model is chosen as a tool to study the barotropic tides. Model results are compared against measured sea level and drifters. Numerical modeling and observation of tides point that the tidal amplitude does not change strongly in these fjords but the tidal currents are enhanced in several locations, namely at the entrance to the Dickson Fjord, in the narrow passages in proximity to Svea, and in the central part of Van Keulenfjorden. As the strongest currents have been found at the passages at Akseløya Island we have focused our research on this location. The narrow northern channel (Akselsundet) at Akseløya is the main waterway to Svea coal mines. Tidal currents computed and observed at the northern tip of Akseløya Island can reach amplitude from 2 to 3 m s−1. Observation of the deployed drifters and calculation of the seeded particles in the passage at Akseløya depicted a complicated pattern of eddies. The jet-like currents and eddies are quite different at the ebb and flood tide phases. As the Akseløya Island orientation relative to the shore is different for the flood and ebb waters the flow through Akselsundet is differently constrained by this geometry. The observations show that the oscillating tidal motion causes large excursions of the water particle. The drifters released in the passage during flood ended up trapped in the eddy on the eastern side of the island.
Acculturation and self-esteem as predictors of acculturative stress among international students at the University of Wollongong

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

International students travel from their homelands in search of continuing education in overseas countries and there is a general expectation that they will encounter acculturative stress.\nThis study highlights variables such as acculturation, self-esteem and socio-demographic factors which play an important role in the acculturative stress of international students at The University of Wollongong, in Australia.\nOne hundred and seventy-three international students from 11 nationalities at Wollongong University completed a questionnaire which assesses acculturative stress in relationship to acculturation, self-esteem and socio-demographic variables.\nThe results indicated that acculturation, self-esteem and nationality are the best predictors of acculturative stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that these variables account for 59% of the variance in acculturative stress. As hypothesised, higher levels of acculturative stress are associated with lower levels of acculturation and self-esteem. Furthermore, the associations between acculturative stress and age, financial situation, visiting home, place of residence, language background and religion are significant. The study results pointed out that acculturative stress is not significantly associated with marital status, faculty, duration of stay in Australia, sex or fees payment.\nThe findings of this study suggest that it would be important for educators and target group assessors in the field of mental health to give special attention to international students in Australia.
Exploring Membrane Cholesterol Binding to the CB1 Receptor: A Computational Perspective

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cholesterol (CHOL) is a potential allosteric modulator of the CB1 receptor. In this work, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study how CHOL interacts with CB1 and to identify its binding sites (BS) and residence times on specific receptor zones. Our results evince minimal changes in CB1 conformational dynamics and secondary structure due to CHOL. We report five BSs, three of which coincide with previously described interaction regions (BS1, BS2, and BS3), while BS4 and BS5 are proposed as new BSs. Quantum descriptors of bonding such as Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO), Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), and Noncovalent Interactions (NCI) analyses are employed to characterize the CHOL-BS interactions. The results show an exponential correlation between the strength of the interactions (mainly hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts) and the residence time at the BSs. Although other approaches exist to identify high-affinity protein sites, our methodology integrates classical and quantum descriptions to better characterize BSs and predict ligand residence times in CB1, distinguishing persistent from transitory contacts. Since CHOL has been suggested as a potential endogenous allosteric ligand, our flexible strategy allows studying interactions that stabilize CHOL in CB1, could be extended to cannabinoid binding, and contribute to designing improved receptor ligands.