jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Retinal vasculopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective case control study was conducted in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Medical records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity evaluations, and ophthalmic examinations to investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of retinal vasculopathy (RV) in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The prevalence of RV was approximately 0.66% (35/5298) in SLE patients. A total of 60 eyes were involved. The ocular presentations included decrease of visual acuity (48/60, 80%), visual field loss (7/60, 11.7%), and diplopia (3/60, 5%). Ophthalmic fundoscopic examination revealed cotton-wool spots (30/60, 50%), retinal vascular attenuation (31/60, 51.6%), and hemorrhages (41/60, 68.3%). Retinal angiogram showed that 72.7% (16/22) eyes had vaso-occlusion. The ophthalmic episodes could occur at any stage of SLE duration, with a median of 12 months (0–168 months) following SLE onset. Twenty-one (35%) eyes did not recover, or even worsened, during hospital stay. RV was found to be significantly associated with neuropsychiatric lesions (51.4% vs. 21.3%, p = .005) and hematological disturbance (62.9% vs. 34.3%, p = .005). SLE patients with RV had significantly higher SLE disease activity index scores than controls (19.9 ± 0.9 vs. 10.2 ± 0.7, p < .001). An inverse association of anti-SSA antibody with RV was detected (34.3% vs. 67.1%, p = .001). Nervous system disturbance (odds ratio (OR) = 4.340, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.438, 13.094, p = .009) and leukocytopenia (OR = 6.385, 95% CI 1.916, 21.278, p = .003) were independent risk factors, while anti-SSA antibody positivity (OR = 0.249, 95% CI 0.087, 0.710, p = .009) was a protective factor for RV in SLE patients. In certain cases, RV is a threatening condition for SLE patients presenting with clinical ocular manifestations. Ophthalmo-fundoscopic detection is recommended as soon as SLE is diagnosed.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: a matter of lifestyle?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

aDepartment of Physiology, Lausanne University School of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne Switzerland bDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne Switzerland cDivision of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Correspondence to Luc Tappy, MD, Département de physiologie, 7, rue du Bugnon, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected]
Revision of moles in the genus Scapanus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scapanus latimanus is a species with many morphological differences among its populations. This variation is associated with multiple taxonomic changes at the species or subspecies level. This study incorporates genetic analyses and comparisons with previous morphological studies to propose a better understanding of the latimanus complex. Mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b ; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III) were sequenced to construct a phylogeny for the subfamily Scalopinae in North America. Genetic distances ranged from 2.49 to 10.50 % among geographic areas. Results identified three monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support values. Based on our phylogenetic analysis and previous morphological analyses, we confirm S. anthonyi from San Pedro Mártir as a valid species and propose that S. occultus from southern California and northern Baja California peninsula be considered as a species.
Anxiety, depression, and end‐of‐life care utilization in adults with metastatic cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective End‐of‐life care for patients with cancer is often overly burdensome, and palliative and hospice care are underutilized. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the mental health diagnoses of anxiety and depression were associated with variation in end‐of‐life care in metastatic cancer. Methods This study used electronic health data from 1,333 adults with metastatic cancer who received care at two academic health centers in Louisiana, USA, and died between 1/1/2011–12/31/2017. The study used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and logistic regression to examine whether anxiety and depression diagnoses in the six months before death were associated with utilization outcomes (chemotherapy, intensive care unit [ICU] visits, emergency department visits, mechanical ventilation, inpatient hospitalization, palliative care encounters, and hospice utilization), while controlling for key demographic and health covariates. Results Patients (56.1% male; 65.6% White, 31.1% Black) commonly experienced depression (23.9%) and anxiety (27.2%) disorders within six months of death. Anxiety was associated with an increased likelihood of chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, p = 0.016), ICU visits (OR = 1.40, p = 0.013), and inpatient hospitalizations (OR = 1.85, p < 0.001) in the 30 days before death. Anxiety (OR = 1.95, p < 0.001) and depression (OR = 1.34, p = 0.038) were associated with a greater likelihood of a palliative encounter. Conclusions Patients with metastatic cancer who had an anxiety disorder were more likely to have burdensome end‐of‐life care, including chemotherapy, ICU visits, and inpatient hospitalizations in the 30 days before death. Depression and anxiety both increased the odds of palliative encounters. These results emphasize the importance of mental health considerations in end‐of‐life care.
Current status of radioimmunoglobulins in the treatment of human malignancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radioimmunoglobulin therapy is a new treatment modality that is easily administered, well tolerated, and can be given on an outpatient basis. It is not, however, as simplistic an approach to cancer therapy as commonly thought. It incorporates the sciences of immunology, physiology, radiobiology, chemistry, and physics, as well as oncology, all of which must be understood if radioimmunoglobulin therapy is to reach its potential. Partial and complete remissions have been achieved while the clinical teams involved in this research are still in the process of defining materials, methods, and future clinical approaches. The authors enumerate the varied problems in the development of radioimmunoglobulin therapy, and report on the current status of clinical trials.
Determining correct tracheal tube insertion depth by measuring distance between endotracheal tube cuff and vocal cords by ultrasound in Chinese adults: a prospective case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Unrecognised malposition of the endotracheal tube can lead to severe complications in patients under general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using ultrasound to measure the distance between the upper edge of saline-inflated cuff and the vocal cords. Design Prospective case-control study. Setting A tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. Methods In this prospective study, 105 adult patients who required general anaesthesia were enrolled. Prior to induction, ultrasound was used to identify the position of the vocal cords. After intubation, the endotracheal tube (ETT) was fixed at a depth of 23 cm at the upper incisors in men and 21 cm in women. The depth of intubation was verified by video-assisted laryngoscopy. The distance between the upper edge of the saline-inflated cuff and the vocal cords was measured by ultrasound; the ideal distance was considered to be 1.9–4.1 cm. Results Among the 105 cases, two cuffs were too close to the vocal cords and one too far away from the vocal cords. These diagnoses were made by ultrasound and were in agreement with results from direct laryngoscopy. The overall accuracy of ultrasound in identifying malposition of the cuff was 100.0% (95% CI: 96.6% to 100%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasound were, respectively, 100% (95% CI: 96.5% to 100%), 100% (95% CI: 29.2% to 100%), 100% (95% CI: 96.5% to 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 29.2% to 100%). Conclusion Identification of the upper edge of the saline-inflated cuff and the vocal cords by ultrasound to assess the location of the ETT is a reliable method. It can be used to avoid malposition of the ETT cuff and reduce the incidence of vocal cords injury after intubation. Trial registration number ChiCTR-DDD-17011048.
Experimental investigations on the interfacial bond strength of the adhered mortar paste to the new mortar paste in a recycled concrete matrix

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study describes an experimental approach to the assessment of the bond strength in the interface between adhered mortar paste and new mortar paste in recycled concrete based on slanted shear tests. The mortar mixtures were made of recycled sand with 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% of substitution ratio and three different roughness of the interface were considered. The roughness affects the bond strength significantly, especially for substitution ratios of 20% and 50% which showed a higher strength compared to the control mixture. This increase can be linked to the presence of unhydrated cement and clay particles in the recycled sand. This effect is not visible for full substitution, where SEM analysis show a significant network of microstructural cracks. The friction coefficient ranged between 0.69 and 0.8796 and the cohesion between 0.13 MPa and 4.60 MPa.
Study of the Skin Grafting with Intact Subdermal Vascular Network of High Density

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare ane study the density of the subdermal vascular network of different donor site and its relationship with the survival quality of the intact subdermal vascular network skin grafting(ISVNSG). Methods The density of subdermal vascular network of both clavicular site and subaxilla lateral thoracic site were compared anatomically while both 38 cases of ISVNSG with clavicular donor site and 158 cases of ISVNSG with subaxilla lateral thoracic donor site were compared clinically.Results ①The density of subdermal vascular network of clavicular site was higher than that of subaxilla lateral thoracic site;②Clinical observation revealed that the survival quality of the skin graft containing subdermal vascular network of high density was better than that of low density,in the same condition of recipient sites.Conclusion The skin graft with intact subdermal vascular network of high density survives more easily, and shows better survival quality.It can be well used to repair the defect on facial site as a skin flap without excessive thickness.
Model predictive control of chilled water temperature for centrialized HVAC systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a model predictive controller (MPC) to regulate the chilled water temperature of centralized Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Firstly, a linear parameter varying (LPV) model is built to represent the dynamics of the heat transfer between the chilled water and the refrigerant under different working conditions. Then, local linear models are identified at three chosen representative working conditions via local tests. A global LPV model is thereafter obtained by interpolating all local models along with transition process data. With the aid of the model, a MPC mechanism is implemented to adjust the compressor frequency in order to maintain the outlet chilled water temperature to a prescribed constant even in the presence of varying cooling load and external disturbance. Experimental tests on an actual HV AC system demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Cooperation and Altruism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

People have always been fascinated by cooperation and altruism in animals, in part to shed light on our own propensity or reluctance to help others. Darwin’s theory added a certain urgency to the subject because the principle of “nature red in tooth and claw” superficially seems to deny the possibility of altruism and cooperation altogether. Some evolutionary biologists have accepted and even reveled in this vision of nature, giving rise to statements such as “the economy of nature is competitive from beginning to end . . . scratch an ‘altruist’ and watch a hypocrite bleed”. Others have gone so far in the opposite direction as to proclaim the entire earth a unit that cooperatively regulates its own atmosphere (Lovelock 1979). The truth is somewhere between these two extremes; cooperation and altruism can evolve but only if special conditions are met. As might be expected from the polarized views outlined above, achieving this middle ground has been a difficult process. Science is often portrayed as a heroic march to the truth, but in this case, it is more like the Three Stooges trying to move a piano. I don’t mean to underestimate the progress that been made—the piano has been moved—but we need to appreciate the twists, turns, and reversals in addition to the final location. To see why cooperation and altruism pose a problem for evolutionary theory, consider the evolution of a nonsocial adaptation, such as cryptic coloration. Imagine a population of moths that vary in the degree to which they match their background. Every generation, the most conspicuous moths are detected and eaten by predators while the most cryptic moths survive and reproduce. If offspring resemble their parents, then the average moth will become more cryptic with every generation. Anyone who has beheld a moth that looks exactly like a leaf, right down to the veins and simulated herbivore damage, cannot fail to be impressed by the power of natural selection to evolve breathtaking adaptations at the individual level. Now consider the same process for a social adaptation, such as members of a group warning each other about approaching predators.
An Evaluated Certification Services System for the German National Root CA - Legally Binding and Trustworthy Transactions in E-Business and E-Government

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

National Root CAs enable legally binding E-Business and E-Government transactions. This is a report about the development, the evaluation and the certification of the new certification services system for the German National Root CA. We illustrate why a new certification services system was necessary, and which requirements to the new system existed. Then we derive the tasks to be done from the mentioned requirements. After that we introduce the initial situation at the beginning of the project. We report about the very process and talk about some unfamiliar situations, special approaches and remarkable experiences. Finally we present the ready IT system and its impact to E-Business and E-Government.
[Light-induced retinal damage in pigmented rabbit--2. Effect of alpha-tocopherol].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have reported previously that xenon light exposure without long waves primarily damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of pigmented rabbits. Alpha-tocopherol, which is a free radical scavenger, was administered systemically to pigmented rabbits before light exposure in order to evaluate the protective effect against retinal light damage. In fluoresceine angiography, at 12 hours after the light exposure, diffuse and marked hyperfluorescence was seen in the lower portion of the retina adjacent to the optic disc in the untreated group, and slight hyperfluorescence in a small area was seen in the treated group. Histopathologically, the RPE became necrotic 12 hours after the light exposure in the untreated group. In the treated group, only slight damage appeared in the RPE 12 hours after the light exposure. The light-induced retinal damage, particularly in the RPE, was remarkably reduced by administration of alpha-tocopherol before the light exposure.
Preparation of grafted starch‐based cationic flocculants and its removal of reactive and disperse dyes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, a starch‐based flocculant (ADSt) with medium and low temperature solubility and enhanced flocculation effect was synthesized using corn starch, acrylamide, and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride as main materials by the ethanol‐alkali method and grafting method. The main mechanism of ADSt's flocculation was electrical neutralization and bridging. The flocculation performance of ADSt was verified by using it along with polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) as coagulant/flocculant, dispersible dye (dispersible yellow RGFL), and reactive dye (active trimeric blue KN‐G) to simulate dye wastewater. For the dispersed yellow water sample and active emerald blue water sample, the dosage of PAC was 40 and 35 mg/L respectively. When the dosage of ADSt was 10 mg/L with a dye content of 100 mg/L, the decolorization rates for both dyes reached up to 96.2% and 94.4% respectively. The properties of the flocs such as size and two‐dimensional fractal structure were described. The prepared ADSt maintained a good flocculation effect in the pH range of 5–9 due to its excellent water solubility achieved through the ethanol‐alkali preparation process, where its solubility reached 86.7% at 30°C. Overall, the preparation process for ADSt is simple, cost‐effective, while providing an effective solution for treating printing and dyeing wastewater.
Emergency response to an anthrax attack

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We developed a mathematical model to compare various emergency responses in the event of an airborne anthrax attack. The system consists of an atmospheric dispersion model, an age-dependent dose–response model, a disease progression model, and a set of spatially distributed two-stage queueing systems consisting of antibiotic distribution and hospital care. Our results underscore the need for the extremely aggressive and timely use of oral antibiotics by all asymptomatics in the exposure region, distributed either preattack or by nonprofessionals postattack, and the creation of surge capacity for supportive hospital care via expanded training of nonemergency care workers at the local level and the use of federal and military resources and nationwide medical volunteers. The use of prioritization (based on disease stage and/or age) at both queues, and the development and deployment of modestly rapid and sensitive biosensors, while helpful, produce only second-order improvements.
Analysis of the architecture of the heterodimeric Get1-Get2 insertase and the inhibition of tail-anchored protein biogenesis by Retro-2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins, including SNAREs involved in vesicle transport, are post-translationally targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by the guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET) pathway in yeast and the transmembrane domain (TMD) recognition complex (TRC) pathway in mammals. The conserved targeting factor Get3 (in yeast; ASNA1 in mammals) binds the carboxyl-terminal TMD of TA proteins and forms a targeting complex, which engages its integral heterodimeric receptor at the ER membrane for TMD release and insertion into the lipid bilayer. \nI first addressed the structure and stoichiometry of the yeast Get1-Get2 complex. In vivo site-specific crosslinking and accessibility assays revealed an aqueous interface between the transmembrane regions of Get1 and Get2. To distinguish between competing models for how the Get1-Get2 heterodimer interacts with the Get3-TA targeting complex and mediates TMD insertion, I reconstituted a single-chain version of Get1-Get2 complex into proteoliposomes and nanodiscs. In vitro assays, alongside fluorescence tools, showed a single copy of the Get1-Get2 heterodimer is sufficient to recruit the Get3-TA targeting complex and insert the TMD into the ER membrane.\nNext, I investigated the mechanism of action of the small molecule Retro-2, which protects cells from toxins and pathogens that exploit vesicular trafficking. Genetic profiling analysis revealed that Retro-2 treatment resembles inhibition of the TRC pathway. Using dual-colour self-cleaving fluorescent reporters, I showed the compound inhibited TA protein biogenesis in mammalian cells. In vitro assays further revealed the mechanism of action in which Retro-2 blocks the transfer of newly-synthesized TA proteins from the upstream chaperone SGTA to ASNA1. These data propose a model in which Retro-2 directly inhibits ASNA1-mediated TA protein targeting, leading to the depletion of the SNAREs that mediate vesicular transport, and thus ultimately preventing the entry or replication of various pathogens.
St. Augustine. Faith, Hope and Charity, L. Arand (trad.) Julianus Pomerius. The Contemplative Life , M. Suelzer (trad.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Puech Henri-Charles. St. Augustine. Faith, Hope and Charity, L. Arand (trad.) Julianus Pomerius. The Contemplative Life , M. Suelzer (trad.). In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 135, n°2-3, 1949. pp. 246-247.
Modulation of protein degradation in mammalian cells by ligands and stress.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two types of environmental effect on intracellular proteolysis in mammalian cells are surveyed. One is the effect of products on the in vivo half-lives of certain enzymes. The other is the effect of stress on the degradation of cellular proteins. The degradation rates of glutamine synthetase (GS), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase are markedly accelerated by their products. The ligand binding sites responsible for the product-accelerated degradation of the enzymes are unknown. In all three cases the labilizing effect of the product molecule is not due to its attachment to the catalytic site. The modes of action of product molecules on GS and ODC degradation have many features in common. Heat shock or other stress cause damage to cellular proteins and induce the synthesis of a small set of heat shock proteins (hsp). Many stressing agents or conditions also accelerate the breakdown of cellular proteins. Current evidence supports the view that the ubiquitin system is responsible for the disposal of aberrant proteins formed by stress. Many observations support the hypothesis that hsp gene expression is induced when abnormal proteins are produced in amounts that exceed the cell's degradative capacity. However, it is still not clear how aberrant proteins induce hsp.
Incontinentia pigmenti in Arizona Indians including transmission from mother to son inconsistent with the half chromatid mutation model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X‐linked dominant disease, usually lethal to males. To explain occasional sporadic IP males, the half chromatid mutation model (Gartler & Francke 1975) has been invoked (Lenz 1975). We here report four cases of American Indians with IP. Two girls had sporadic IP. One affected boy's mother had IP. This is the first report of mother‐to‐son transmission of IP, indicating that a male with an inherited whole chromatid mutation for IP can escape lethality.