jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coupling Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity from Ag Nanorods-rGO Hybrids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ag nanorods-reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) hybrid nanostructures, as an alternative oxygen reduction catalyst to Pt-based materials, have been prepared through a co-reductive method. The electrochemical performance reveal that both the on-set potentials and the limiting diffusion current densities of Ag-rGO samples are comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalyst, implying that such hybrid nanostructures could be employed in alkaline fuel cells. Both contrast experimental characterizations and energy level analysis indicate that the enhanced oxygen reduction activity of Ag-rGO hybrid nanostructures can be attributed to the strong coupling between Ag nanorods and rGO sheets.
Tracing obscured galaxy build-up at high redshift using deep radio surveys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A fundamental question of extra-galactic astronomy that is yet to be fully understood, concerns the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) and supermassive black hole (SMBH) activity with cosmic time, as well as their interplay and how it impacts galaxy evolution. A primary focus that could shed more light on these questions is the study of merging systems, comprising highly star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the earliest stages of galactic formation. However, it is essential to explore complementary selection methods across multiple wavelengths. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of a sample of high-redshift ($z>3$) far-infrared (far-IR) and radio-emitting galaxies in the highest possible spatial resolution. In order to select the galactic population of our interest, we selected galaxies that present relatively compact radio morphologies at 1.4 GHz as well as a far-IR spectrum that peaks in flux at $λ\geq 350 \, μm$. For these selection criteria, we used the COSMOS and ECDF-S fields, which provide high spectral and spatial resolution at a multi-wavelength scale. We derived a sample of eight galaxies that were identified either photometrically or spectroscopically at $z>3$ from literature studies and by our team. A thorough investigation of available optical, near-IR, and millimetre (mm) imaging reveals a possible merging scenario in five out of eight cases in our sample. Additionally, available multi-wavelength photometry strongly suggests active star formation at the $10^3 \, M_{\odot}/yr$ level in massive systems co-hosting an active SMBH. Comparison of these results with previous studies, suggests that our selection method preferentially identifies galaxies hosting an active SMBH, as well as a strong SFG component, resulting in high SFR and IR luminosity.
2. Diglossia and monosyllabization in Eastern Cham: A sociolinguistic study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Eastern Cham, the modern reflexes of Classical Cham disyllables exhibit variation between sesquisyllabic and monosyllabic word shapes, which suggests that the language is becoming increasingly monosyllabic. This apparent change in progress has been attributed to contact with monosyllabic Vietnamese, but a variationist study of formal colloquial speech based on interviews conducted with 42 native speakers sheds doubt on this claim. I propose that the variation in word shapes is actually due to the quasi-diglossia found in Eastern Cham communities. It seems that the variation in word shapes can be explained by the subjects’ attitudes towards the two varieties of their own language and that these attitudes are in turn shaped by the relative prestige of Cham and Vietnamese languages and cultures.
5-HT2A SNPs Alter the Pharmacological Signaling of Potentially Therapeutic Psychedelics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) signaling is essential for the actions of classical psychedelic drugs. In this study, we examined whether sequence variations in the 5-HT2AR gene affect the signaling of four commonly used psychedelic drugs. We examined the in vitro pharmacology of seven non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which give rise to Ser12Asn, Thr25Asn, Asp48Asn, Ile197Val4.47, Ala230Thr, Ala447Val, and His452Tyr variant 5-HT2A serotonin receptors. We found that these non-synonymous SNPs exert statistically significant, although modest, effects on the efficacy and potency of four therapeutically relevant psychedelics. Significantly, the in vitro pharmacological effects of the SNP drug actions at 5-HT2AR are drug specific.
SH195091.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Stimulace sdílené pozornosti u dětí s pozitivním screeningem autismu ve věku 17-30 měsíců za využití metody VTI

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

NÁZEV PRÁCE: Stimulace sdílené pozornosti u dětí s pozitivním screeningem autismu ve věku 17-30 měsíců za využití metody VTI TITLE: Stimulation of joint attention in children aged 17-30 months with positive screening rate of autism using VIG method. AUTHOR: Mgr. Romana Straussová DEPARTMENT: Special Education SUPERVISOR: prof. RNDr. PhDr. Marie Vágnerová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The subject of this dissertation is research of the impact of the modified VIG intervention method applied in 16 families with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the children being at the age of 17-30 months when entering the project. The intervention and subsequent monitoring of the development took place during the years 2011- 16. The aim of the study was to determine whether it is possible to positively influence the development of a child with autism without the use of intensive therapy guided by a professional, using only parent behavioral training and with the support of attachment behavior. The subjects of research evaluation were the degree of the child's development and the father's and mother's experience with parental roles in relation to the child's disability. The results were surprisingly positive. 38 % (6 children) stepped out of the clinical to nonclinical, 25 % still show the picture of developmental dysphasia, 5...
Functional development of the cervical sympathetic pathway in the neonatal rat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Maturation of the cervical sympathetic innervation of the levator palpebrae smooth muscle was studied physiologically in vivo in the rat. Tonic pre- and postganglionic nerve activity and responses to centrally acting stimuli, asphyxia and hypoglycemia, were recorded. Development of functional capacity of the sympathetic nerve terminal-smooth muscle complex was assessed by measuring contractions evoked by directly acting noradrenergic agonists, endogenous nerve terminal norepinephrine released by tyramine, and electrical stimulation of preganglionic axons. Tonic preganglionic activity and responses to asphyxia and hypoglycemia were fully developed by the second postnatal day. Ganglionic neurotransmission, however, is not established until the end of the first postnatal week so that sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system (CNS) does not affect the nerve terminal-smooth muscle complex before this time. Functional capacity of the complex develops in a stepwise fashion with intervening plateau periods. There is an initial rapid increase before onset of ganglionic neurotransmission, and development to the mature level is attenuated only modestly by decentralization of the ganglion on the first postnatal day. It is concluded that conduction of impulses to the postganglionic neuron is not essential to initiate maturation of this nerve terminal-smooth muscle complex, that a significant degree of maturation occurs before ganglionic transmission is established, and that maturation to the adult level is usually largely independent of neural connections between the CNS and the postganglionic neuron.
Impact of Fadama II Project on Rural Livelihoods Well- Being in Niger State, Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study assessed the impact of Fadama II project on rural livelihoods well-being in Niger state. Three (Local Government Areas) (LGAs) out of 11 LGAs that benefited from Fadama II project and three LGAs that did not benefit in the project were randomly selected for the study. One Fadama Community Association (FCA) and five Fadama Users` groups (FUGs) were randomly selected from each LGA. Five beneficiaries were also randomly sampled from each FUG. Also simple random sampling procedure was applied to select non-beneficiaries. Seventy five beneficiaries and seventy five non- beneficiaries were randomly sampled, making a total of 150 respondents. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that Fadama II project beneficiaries lived in fairly better houses and owned better means of transportation when compared to non- beneficiaries. On the value of selected assets, housing had the highest value for all the respondents. The mean value of beneficiaries was N565, 791, while non- beneficiaries was N 55,760 (P<0.01). The mean annual income of the beneficiaries was N187,726.64 while the non- beneficiaries had N48, 486.67 (P<0.05). The study affirmed that Fadama II project impacted positively on the well being of beneficiaries.Keywords: Fadama II project, Community-driven development, Beneficiaries, Non- beneficiaries, Well-being.
Isothermal vapor-phase epitaxy of Hg1−xCdxTe on CdTe and Al2O3 substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The isothermal vapor-phase-epitaxial (ISOVPE) growth of device-quality HgCdTe layers on both CdTe and CdTe/Al2O3 substrates has been demonstrated. The material and device properties on both types of substrates have been studied and compared with reported values for HgCdTe grown by other techniques. The as-grown ISOVPE Hg1−xCdxTe (x≂0.3) epilayers are always p type with carrier concentrations of ∼5×1015 to 3×1016 cm−3 and mobilities of ∼230–260 cm2/V s at 77 K. The temperature and compositional dependence of electrical properties of ISOVPE Hg1−xCdxTe are somewhat different from those of liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) and bulk HgCdTe. In particular, the acceptor ionization energy, EA =7 meV, is about half that obtained in midwavelength infrared LPE or bulk HgCdTe, and nearly independent of composition x. The R0A product of a representative photodiode (λc ≂4.65 μm, 77 K) is 2×106 and 4 Ω cm2 at 77 and 195 K, respectively, with comparable device qualities seen on both CdTe and CdTe/Al2O3 substrates.
Identification of critical residues in the carboxyl-terminal extension of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mip1p is the highly processive monomeric mitochondrial DNA polymerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite differences in enzyme structure, substrate topology, and possible nucleoid interactions, Mip1p continues to be used as a model for human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) variants associated with various human mitochondrial diseases. Structurally, Mip1p functions as a monomer, whereas, the POLG holoenzyme contains a catalytic subunit (POLGA) complexed with a dimeric form of an accessory subunit (POLGB) which functions by loading the enzyme onto mitochondrial DNA and enhancing processivity. However, Mip1p does contain a 279-residue carboxyl-terminal extension (CTE) absent in the structure of POLG. The function of the CTE has not yet been determined although studies of truncation variants identify 74 N-terminal residues are essential for Mip1p wild-type activity. Furthermore, regions encompassing Mip1p residues N1033 – E1038 and Y1039 – A1049 are suggested to function in mitochondrial DNA maintenance and fidelity, respectively. This study has developed a mutagenic strategy to systematically replace the residues in the mitochondrial DNA maintenance region with glycine in order to identify residues critical for Mip1p function. Using in vivo respiratory competence and erythromycin resistance assays accompanied by an in vitro non-radioactive DNA polymerase assay, this study has identified two key residues, E1036 and D1037 that may function in the exonuclease-polymerase coupling mechanism of Mip1p.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Marine Indole Alkaloids from Flustra foliacea

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Economic Uncertainty in a Post-Roe World

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

When Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022, many states quickly acted to ban or heavily restrict abortion. As there are now millions of women in the United States living without abortion access, the economic consequences of abortion bans are increasingly significant. In particular, women may face increased economic uncertainty as a result of abortion restrictions. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate changes in proposed indicators of economic uncertainty in women without abortion access. Due to data limitations, short-term analysis of labor force participation, family planning service utilization, and state migration is conducted through a difference-in-differences model. Short-term analysis did not yield significant results, but future framework is proposed to study economic uncertainty in abortion-restrictive states once more robust long-term data is available. This framework is crucial to understanding how abortion bans and restrictions may drive economic behavior shifts in the United States.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION: DEPLOYING AERIAL AND TERRESTRIAL MEANS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Incorporating emerging surveying technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), into architectural education poses multiple challenges. This study places photogrammetry in an academic context and examines its potential impact on conventional architectural surveying methodologies. The methodology presented in this study outlines theoretical foundations and how to deploy them in the field. We taught architecture students with no experience in photogrammetry basic theoretical concepts, and we connected the theoretical framework to practical application through a case study. We considered existing methodologies suggested in the literature and their potential use in architectural education, aiming to extend architectural training to complex building surveying. For this purpose, a case study of surveying a historic building complex at the center of Athens, the Varvakeios market, is presented. The Varvakeios market was captured with aerial photogrammetry and terrestrial techniques, and a high-precision three-dimensional model was generated. The case study findings indicated that integrating photogrammetry into architectural education is viable.
The centers of premeltons signal the beginning and ends of genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Premeltons are examples of emergent structures (i.e., structural solitons) that arise spontaneously in DNA due to the presence of nonlinear excitations in its structure. They are of two kinds: B-B (or A-A) premeltons form at specific DNA-regions to nucleate site-specific DNA melting. These are stationary and, being globally nontopological, undergo breather motions that allow drugs and dyes to intercalate into DNA. B-A (or A-B) premeltons, on the other hand, are mobile, and being globally topological, act as phaseboundaries transforming B- into A-DNA during the structural phase-transition. They are not expected to undergo breather-motions. A key feature of both types of premeltons is the presence of an intermediate structural-form in their central regions (proposed as being a transition-state intermediate in DNA-melting and in the B- to A-transition), which differs from either A- or B-DNA. called Beta- DNA, this is both metastable and hyperflexible and contains an alternating sugar-puckering pattern along the polymer-backbone combined with the partial-unstacking (in its lower energy-forms) of every other base pair. Beta-DNA is connected to either B- or to A-DNA on either side by boundaries possessing a gradation of nonlinear structural-change, these being called the kink and the anti-kink regions. The presence of premeltons in DNA leads to a unifying theory to understand much of DNA physical-chemistry and molecular-biology. In particular, premeltons are predicted to define the 5??? and 3??? ends of genes in naked-DNA and DNA in active chromatin, this having important implications for understanding physical aspects of the initiation, elongation and termination of RNA-synthesis during transcription. For these and other reasons, the model will be of broader interest to the general audience working in these areas. The model explains a wide variety of data, and carries within it a number of experimental predictions all readily testable as will be described in the presentation. Recent Publications 1. Sobell H M (2016) Premeltons in DNA. Journal of Structural and Functional Genomics 17(1):17-31. 2. Sobell H M (2009) Premeltons in DNA. A Unifying Polymer Physics Concept to Understand DNA Physical Chemistry and Molecular-Biology. Explanatory Publications ISBN-978-0-615-33828-6. 3. Sobell H M (2013) Organization of DNA in Chromatin. Rather than bending uniformly along its length, nucleosomal DNA is proposed to consist of multiple segments of B- and A- DNA held together by kinks when forming its left-handed toroidal superhelical structure. Explanatory Publications ISBN-978-0-692-01974-0
Methodical assessment of the value of sensory captured data regarding the suitability for influencing manufacturing process goals

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pricing and assessing sensory captured data is an essential part of the data economy. In current approaches data are assessed based on individual data quality dimensions describing structured properties of data for downstream analyses. From the domain-specific perspective, an assessment regarding the suitability of data for manufacturing process goals is missing. For this reason, this paper presents a methodology for assessing datasets from the manufacturing perspective using an adapted balanced scorecard. This enables the mapping of manufacturing goals in a single score. The assessment is based on a process model that defines the measurable signals of specific manufacturing processes and represents their interactions. To evaluate the importance of process signals, the number of interactions with quality characteristics is examined. Alternatively, the change in affecting quality characteristics with variation of process signals is determined with a sensitivity analysis. On the application of the methodology, a fictitious dataset of a grinding process is analysed.
Textiles of War: Women’s Commentaries on Conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Textiles of War: Women's Commentaries on Conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan Shortly after the events of September 11, 2001, patriotic imagery in the form of American flags began appearing in traditionally patterned rugs woven by Navajo women and beadwork sold on the reservation. This was not the first time women's textiles provided a political commentary on the destruction resulting from warfare. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, rugs featuring Soviet weaponry and vehicles appeared in the markets of Peshawar. Created by nomadic Beluch women who experienced the impact of war first-hand, the war rugs helped the women cope with the violence surrounding their everyday lives and served as a source of income for families devastated by warfare. War rugs, whose production had ceased with the Soviet withdrawal, again appeared in Peshawar and the United States after September 11 - this time made by individual women and in factories by men, women and children. The iconography and color palette also differ from the originals, as these rugs serve as a means of showing solidarity with Americans as well as providing sources of income for families once again surrounded by violence. In the U.S., war imagery became a subject for American textile artists as well. Imagery on quilts displayed at shows across the country reflected the artists' support for or protest against American military involvement in the region. These same sentiments appear in the works of embroiderers, knitters and beaders as they reflect on the impact of the war on American society, those fighting overseas, and their own lives.