jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The selection and progress of young mining employees in the National Coal Board with special reference to the use of the Industrial Training Research Unit (Cambridge) job disposition questionnaire

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This thesis is concerned with a project to find a valid form of selection in the recruitment of young trainees for the N.C.B. It describes an attempt to establish the predictive validity of two tests devised by the Industrial Training Research Unit (Cambridge): one is an occupational interest inventory called \nthe Job Disposition Questionnaire and the other is a special \naptitude test called the Trainability Test. \nThe design and completion of the J.D.Q. study was the responsibility of the writer who was also one of the team who designed the N.C.B. Trainability Test and throughout the whole study acted as liaison with the I.T.R.U. The structure and procedures of the W.C.B. were a major influence in the design, methodology and outcome of the project. \nThe J.D.Q. is based on finding a statistically proven "job profile" of likes and dislikes of the present successful incumbents of the job to compare with those of potential recruits. Thus the validation of the J.D.Q. consisted of successfully establishing the mining profiles, using them to score the J.D.Q. performance of recruits and then recording absence and supervisors' assessments of their performance over an eighteen month period to compare Kith their J.D.Q. scores. \nThe Trainability Test is a job-specific test, designed around \nthe essential elements of that job. This part of the study \nconsisted of designing and staging a test, giving it to \npre-selected recruits and, as before, monitoring their progress. \nNo statistically significant correlations were found between \ntests and job progress scores but there was an observable match between test scores and supervisors' assessments for the J.D.Q. \nThese findings are partly confirmed in two other industrial \nstudies where no empirical correlations were found but one \nshowed a similar positive trend on their J.D.Q. study. \nThe difficulties of sustaining a long study, relying on people \nin many different locations, were well illustrated as were also \nthe limitations associated with some of the chosen criteria. \nT'he results were sufficiently encouraging to suggest setting up a second stage of the study to assess the participants now that they have more job experience; and the results from the external studies point to a need to continue with the work on special aptitude testing.
Detection and evaluation of activation instances as change points in functional MR images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Change point analysis is an efficient method for understanding the unexpected behavior of the data used in many different disciplines including medical imaging. It is important to find the instances the activations occur as much as finding the activation areas in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Change point detection algorithms can be used to find the activation instances. In this study, a regression based point detection method is proposed to find the activation instances in fMRI experiments. The proposed method is applied to a fMRI experiment which includes a motor task. A linear based evaluation method is also proposed. The analyses show that the activations are in accordance with the established methods in the literature.
From Local Action to Global Policy: A Comparative Policy Content Analysis of National Policies to Address Musculoskeletal Health to Inform Global Policy Development

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Global policy to guide action on musculoskeletal (MSK) health is in a nascent phase. Lagging behind other noncommunicable diseases there is currently little global policy to assist governments to develop national approaches to MSK health. Considering the importance of comparison and learning for global policy development, we aimed to perform a comparative analysis of national MSK policies to identify areas of innovation and draw common themes and principles that could guide MSK health policy. Methods: Multi-modal search strategy incorporating a systematic online search targeted at the 30 most populated nations ; a call to networked experts; a specified question in a related eDelphi questionnaire; and snowballing methods.. Extracted data were organised using an a priori framework adapted from the WHO Building Blocks and further inductive coding. Subsequently, texts were open coded and thematically analysed to derive specific sub-themes and principles underlying texts within each theme, serving as abstracted, transferrable concepts for future global policy. Results: The search yielded 165 documents with 41 retained after removal of duplicates and exclusions. Only three documents were comprehensive national strategies addressing MSK health. The most common conditions addressed in the documents were pain (noncancer), low back pain, occupational health, inflammatory conditions, and osteoarthritis. Across eight categories, we derived 47 sub-themes with transferable principles that could guide global policy for: service delivery; workforce; medicines and technologies; financing; data and information systems; leadership and governance; citizens, consumers and communities; and research and innovation. Conclusion: There are few examples of national strategic policy to address MSK health; however, many countries are moving towards this by documenting the burden of disease and developing policies for MSK services. This review found a breadth of principles that can add to this existing work and may be adopted to develop comprehensive system-wide MSK health approaches at national and global levels.
The birth and demise of a village within the vernacular community of Baduy in Banten, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Land issues present a multifaceted challenge owing to its status as a long-term investment and the subject of conflicting interests, particularly within traditional village settings. Factors such as population growth, alterations in customary land usage, and external development encroachment pose significant challenges. A research inquiry conducted within Kanekes Settlement, a community belonging to the Baduy tribe, endeavors to elucidate the genesis and attendant issues pertaining to village expansion and potential decline. This research will enhance academic knowledge and offer valuable insights to policymakers, thereby supporting the sustainability of traditional villages. The investigation adopts a qualitative approach with an ethnographic methodology involving on-site direct observation, visual documentation, sketching, note-taking, and interviews conducted between 2021 and 2023. The birth process of a village within the Baduy context comprises three primary stages: 1) the proposal stage, 2) the developmental stage, and 3) the inauguration stage. Conversely, no explicit provisions or ceremonial procedures exist concerning the cessation of a village. Villages may become abandoned due to various factors, including but not limited to 1) economic hardship, 2) leadership transition following the death of a leader, 3) dwindling population, and 4) natural disasters.
Associations between traditional Chinese medicine constitution and depression/anxiety/sleep disturbances in patients with chronic pain: A cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and depression/anxiety/sleep disturbances (D/A/S) in patients with chronic pain. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 13 tertiary hospitals across China, enrolling patients who experienced chronic pain between November 2023 and May 2024. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and TCM constitution categories were used to assess the patients. The association between the TCM constitution and the D/A/S ratio was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 1107 patients (63.2% women) were analyzed. Compared with those with a balanced constitution, patients who had qi-deficiency and yin-deficiency were at a higher risk of depression. Qi-deficiency and yin-deficiency were associated with anxiety. Sleep disturbances were common in patients with qi-deficiency constitution (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–3.81), yang-deficiency constitution (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.26–2.98), yin-deficiency constitution (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.24–3.32), blood stasis constitution (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.01–4.22), and qi-stagnation constitution (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.35–5.25). Conclusion: In patients with chronic pain, specific TCM constitutions may be associated with D/A/S. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the potential causal relationships between TCM constitution types and these conditions.
Channel-Aware Placement of Active and Passive Elements in Hybrid RIS-Assisted MISO Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (HRISs) are RIS architectures with active and passive elements. In this letter, we show that the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the user can be improved with a channel-aware placement of the active elements in an HRIS whenever the channels undergo fading. We jointly design the transmit precoder, the HRIS coefficients, and the location of active and passive elements in the HRIS to maximize the SNR. We solve the underlying combinatorial non-convex optimization problem using alternating optimization and propose a low-complexity solver, which is provably near optimal. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms communication systems with no RIS, a fully passive RIS, and an HRIS with randomly placed active elements while often offering comparable or even better performance than systems with fully active RISs.
Research of the indicators of Omsk public transport

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article investigates the dynamics of passenger traffic of public transport in the city of Omsk. The article summarizes transportation experience of public transport in Omsk, to the present time since 1970. The paper collected and processed data on the operation of public passenger transport in Omsk, the characteristic of his work, shows the evolution of the main indicators: traffic volume, the amount of rolling stock, cruising speed, range of motion and other by year and by type of transport, in the context of enterprises.
Contemporary Semantic Web Service Frameworks: An Overview and Comparisons

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
1165-P: Untangling the Interactions of Glycemic Control and Obesity on Hypothalamic Gliosis in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with T1D experience high rates of disordered eating behavior (DEB), and obesity, which are linked to worse health outcomes including glycemic control. Inflammatory changes in the brain such as gliosis specifically in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) -a critical area for weight regulation- may contribute. Adults with T2D have greater MBH gliosis compared to those with impaired glucose tolerance or normoglycemia, independent of adiposity. We investigated the presence of MBH gliosis in AYA with T1D and assessed its association with adiposity and glycemic control. Methods: We recruited females aged 15-25 years; 24 with T1D and 5 healthy controls. AYA with T1D had stable insulin regimens and had diabetes duration for at least 1 year. Those with history of serious chronic conditions, eating disorder, extreme fluctuations in weight or glycemic control were excluded. Participants completed fasting labs, DEB surveys, DEXA scan and multi-echo brain MRI. T2 relaxation time (a measure for gliosis) was quantified in the MBH and control regions: amygdala (AMY) and putamen (PUT). Linear regression tested if T2 relaxation time in brain regions of interest were associated with body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c. Results: For those with T1D, diabetes duration was 8.9±2.8 y and mean HbA1c was 7.9 ±1.7% (range 5.7 to 11.8%). 10 were lean and 14 had overweight or obesity based on BMI. There was a positive trend between MBH T2 relaxation time and BMI but not for other brain regions (MBH p=0.12; R = 0.28; AMY p=0.26, R=0.22; PUT p=0.30, R=0.2). There was no association between HbA1c and T2 relaxation in all brain regions (MBH p=0.88, R=0.3; AMY p=0.79, R= 0.05; PUT p=0.93, R=0.01). Conclusion: We observed a trend that suggests that BMI but not HbA1c may be associated with MBH gliosis in AYA with T1D. Although glycemic control is associated with MBH gliosis in adults with T2D or insulin resistance, this relationship may not be present in AYA with T1D. Disclosure A. Huang: None. S.J. Melhorn: None. K.B. Eitel: None. C. Pihoker: None. E. Schur: Consultant; Amgen Inc. Funding UW Diabetes Research Center Pilot and Feasibility Award (P30DK017047-45S2)
Secure Distance of the Quadruple-circuit Transmission Line with Horizontal Arrangements on the Same Tower Passing Over or Close to Buildings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To calculate the secure distance of quadruple-circuit transmission lines on the same tower with horizontal arrangements passing over buildings,power-frequency electric field distortion on the roof and the balcony is calculated and analyzed with CDEGS when 500kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines pass over the building.And the secure distance between conductors and building is proposed based on distorted electric field,including minimum vertical secure distance and minimum horizontal secure distance.The results show that distorted electric field is the most important constraint factor for determining secure distance between transmission lines and buildings;the secure distance recommended by existing regulations cannot satisfy the requirements of quadruple-circuit transmission lines cross the buildings;the secure distance is decided by the factors such as line voltages,height of the buildings and tower structures.In the end,the secure distance of 110 kV,220 kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines and 220 kV/110 kV,500 kV/220 kV mixed-voltage quadruple-circuit transmission lines across buildings is also calculated.The conclusion provides reference to design transmission lines crossing buildings for the practical engineering.
Tanoak Target: The Rise and Fall of Herbicide Use on a Common Native Tree

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite over a century of conservation efforts and scientific forest management, a keystone nut tree common to California and southwestern Oregon is threatened by the 1995 introduction of an exotic disease. This is after decades of overharvesting of bark for industrial tanning beginning with American settlement, then of a full-scale tanoak eradication campaign by the mid-1900s. In addition to herbicide use, twentieth-century fire suppression favored conifers over tanoak. This article explores the limits and failures of governmental regulation to reverse devastating assaults on tanoak by examining the interplay of economic, ecological, and cultural factors that informed use and abuse.
Data_Sheet_1_Meta-Analysis Reveals Artificial Reefs Can Be Effective Tools for Fish Community Enhancement but Are Not One-Size-Fits-All.docx

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Approaches toward habitat conservation and restoration often include supplementing or enhancing existing, degraded, or lost natural habitats. In aquatic environments, a popular approach toward habitat enhancement is the introduction of underwater human-made structures or artificial reefs. Despite the nearly global prevalence of artificial reefs deployed to enhance habitat, it remains debated whether these structures function similarly to comparable natural reefs. To help resolve this question, we conducted a literature review and accompanying meta-analysis of fish community metrics on artificial reefs within the coastal ocean and made comparisons with naturally-occurring reference reefs (rocky reefs and coral reefs). Our findings from a synthesis of 39 relevant studies revealed that, across reef ecosystems, artificial reefs support comparable levels of fish density, biomass, species richness, and diversity to natural reefs. Additional analyses demonstrated that nuances in these patterns were associated with the geographic setting (ocean basin, latitude zone) and artificial reef material. These findings suggest that, while artificial reefs can mimic natural reefs in terms of the fish assemblages they support, artificial reefs are not one-size-fits-all tools for habitat enhancement. Instead, artificial reefs should be considered strategically based on location-specific scientific assessments and resource needs to maximize benefits of habitat enhancement.</p>
Reliable and efficient communication in wireless underground sensor networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) are the networks of wireless sensors that operate below the ground surface. These sensors are either buried completely in soil medium, or placed within a bounded open underground space, such as underground mines and tunnels. WUSNs enable a wide variety of novel applications, including intelligent irrigation, underground structure monitoring, and border patrol and intruder detection. \n \nThis thesis is concerned with establishing reliable and efficient communications in the network of wireless sensor nodes that are deployed in either soil medium or underground mines and tunnels. In particular, to realize WUSNs in soil medium, two types of signal propagation techniques including Electromagnetic (EM) waves and Magnetic Induction (MI) are explored. For EM wave-based WUSNs, the heterogeneous network architecture and dynamic connectivity are investigated based on a comprehensive channel model in soil medium. Then a spatio-temporal correlation-based data collection schemes is developed to reduce the sensor density while keeping high monitoring accuracy. For MI-based WUSNs, the MI channel is first analytically characterized. Then based on the MI channel model, the MI waveguide technique is developed in order to enlarge the underground transmission range. Finally, the optimal deployment algorithms for MI waveguides in WUSNs are analyzed to construct the WUSNs with high reliability and low costs. To realize WUSNs in underground mines and tunnels, a mode-based analytical channel model is first proposed to accurately characterize the signal propagation in both empty and obstructed mines and tunnels. Then the Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) system and cooperative communication system are optimized to establish reliable and efficient communications in underground mines and tunnels.
Selection and Validation of Reference Genes in Virus-Infected Sweet Potato Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in sweet potatoes requires accurate data normalization; however, there are insufficient studies on appropriate reference genes for gene expression analysis. We examined variations in the expression of eight candidate reference genes in the leaf and root tissues of sweet potatoes (eight nonvirus-infected or eight virus-infected samples). Parallel analyses with geNorm, NormFinder, and Best-Keeper show that different viral infections and origin tissues affect the expression levels of these genes. Based on the results of the evaluation of the three software, the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor is suitable for nonvirus or virus-infected sweet potato leaves. Cyclophilin and ubiquitin extension proteins are suitable for nonvirus-infected sweet potato leaves. Phospholipase D1 alpha is suitable for virus-infected sweet potato leaves. Actin is suitable for roots of nonvirus-infected sweet potatoes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is suitable for virus-infected sweet potato roots. The research provides appropriate reference genes for further analysis in leaf and root samples of viruses in sweet potatoes.
Choroidal Neovascularization Associated with Morning Glory Syndrome: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morning glory syndrome (MGS) is a congenital optic disc anomaly caused by abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure. Retinal detachment is commonly associated with MGS, though the association of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with MGS is rare. Herein, we report a case of CNV associated with MGS, which was successfully treated with a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. A 32-year-old Japanese woman consulted at our clinic for blurred vision in her left eye for five days. Her best-corrected decimal visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.5 (S-1.0) OS. The fundus examination revealed subretinal hemorrhage associated with MGS in the temporal margin of the optic disc. As she was pregnant, we planned to continue follow-up without further invasive testing and treatment; however, her visit to the hospital was interrupted. Ten months later, she returned with complaints of poor vision and central scotoma in her left eye for six months. The BCVA was 0.5 (S-1.0/C-1.0/45°) OS. The fundus examination showed that subretinal hemorrhage increased, and the subretinal fluid extended below the fovea. Multimodal imaging revealed type 2 CNV on the temporal and nasal disc margins. After she received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg), rapid absorption of subretinal fluid and regression of CNV were observed. The BCVA improved to 1.5 (S-0.5/C-0.75/35°) OS. No recurrence of CNV was observed for 26 months after the injection. During the follow-up of MGS cases, we should pay attention, not only to retinal detachment, but also to the occurrence of CNV around the disc margins.
Colliding Regge Poles and Cuts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A class of models describing the collision of Regge poles and their associated Mandelstam branch cuts is described, from which one concludes that Regge trajectories generally develop left-hand branch cuts as a result of such collisions, and in terms of which the singularities in the l plane of the partial-wave amplitude and the asymptotic behavior of the scattering amplitude can be discussed.