jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Peer Community and Teacher Closeness as Moderators of the Association Between Peer Status and Aggression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The goal of this study was to examine the unique associations of aggression with peer status in a non-Western context. The moderating effects of peer community and teacher closeness at the classroom level and gender and grade at the individual level were considered. Participants were 1954 third to sixth grade students (Mage = 9.60 years, SD = 0.97; 49% girls) in South Korea. As in Western studies, overt aggression negatively predicted preference, relational aggression positively predicted popularity, and these associations were stronger in early adolescence than in middle childhood. Whereas the association between relational aggression and peer status was stronger for boys than girls and peaked in sixth grade. Peer community moderated the association between relational aggression and popularity. Specifically, relational aggression predicted popularity in non-communal classrooms, but not in communal classrooms. Future research should address cultural differences in social relatedness and their implications for fostering peer community in classrooms.
Impact of agricultural science and technology innovation resources allocation on rural revitalization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

China’s reform began in the countryside, and rural reform began in Anhui. This study uses Anhui Province, China as an example in analyzing the impact of agricultural science and technology innovation resource allocation on rural revitalization, particularly by constructing an econometric model. Results indicate that the allocation of agricultural science and technology innovation resources has a steady positive impact on rural revitalization. Improvements in the allocation of agricultural science and technology innovation resources can effectively promote the development of rural revitalization and the spatial spillover of rural development, thereby facilitating the promotion of the spillover of neighboring areas to local rural development. A nonlinear relationship exists between allocation of agricultural science and technology innovation resources and rural revitalization. Lastly, rural revitalization can only be promoted substantially when the allocation of agricultural science and technology innovation resources reaches a certain condition.
A Foldable Tightly Coupled Crossed Rings Antenna Array of Ultrawide Bandwidth and Dual Polarization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Low-profile foldable array antennas are becoming increasingly more important for a wide range of applications such as satellite communications and wearable electronic devices. The conventional arrays formed by patch-like antennas have been extensively studied on surfaces with a curvature but they have exhibited limited bandwidth and polarization performance. This study investigates a coupling enhanced crossed rings antenna array with two typical configurations for dual polarization, which inherently produces ultrawide bandwidth, dipole-like polarization characteristics and a fully curved array (FCA) eventually. The fractional bandwidth of the array is over 100% on a planar surface and expanded to approximately 140% on the curved surface. For the bent array of slant polarization, the beamwidth increases by over 20° compared to the planar array and cross polarization discrimination (XPD) maintains above 15 dB. The effects of curvature on the impedance matching and polarized radiation patterns for such arrays are investigated by measuring the performance of the fabricated prototype arrays. The results revealed that the tightly coupled crossed rings antenna array on a curved surface has a potential to form multiple beams on a limited aperture size through smaller subarrays which can yield ultrawide bandwidth due to concentrated mutual coupling mechanism. This characteristic is promising in applications where traditional flat panel arrays are difficult to implement such as in mobile stations, moving platforms and for satellite communication on-the-move.
Oxygen isotope and petrological study of silicate inclusions in IIE iron meteorites and their relationship with H chondrites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The origin of silicate-bearing irons, especially those in groups IAB, IIICD, and IIE, is poorly understood as silicate should have separated rapidly from molten metal. Here we report the results of high precision oxygen isotope analysis of silicate inclusions in eleven group IIE meteorites and a petrological study of silicate inclusions in ten IIE irons including those in Garhi Yasin and Tarahumara, which have not been described in detail before. Oxygen isotopes have also been analysed in 20 H chondrites to investigate their possible relationship with the IIE irons. Based on petrographic observations and mineral analysis, the silicate-bearing IIE meteorites have been divided into four types according to the nature of their silicate inclusions: (1) primitive chondritic, (2) evolved chondritic, (3) differentiated with >10 vol.% orthopyroxene, and (4) differentiated with <10 vol.% orthopyroxene. Each meteorite contains a single inclusion type. While inclusions in an individual IIE meteorite tend to show relatively limited D17O variation, a wide range of values is seen in the dataset as a whole. Group IIE irons with differentiated silicates, with the exception of Colomera, have a range of mean D17O values that is essentially identical to those of the H4-6 chondrites: 0.60–0.77‰ and 0.61–0.76‰, respectively. Colomera inclusions, which are differentiated with <10 vol.% orthopyroxene, have an anomalously high D17O value and plot ?2r away from the next nearest IIE iron. However, in view of the textural similarities to other IIE inclusions, a separate source for Colomera is deemed unlikely. Three IIE irons with primitive chondritic inclusions, Garhi Yasin, Netschae¨vo, and Techado, have relatively low mean D17O values of 0.56–0.57‰ as well as relatively reduced silicates with Fa15–17 olivine, which have been called HH chondrites. Given the significant overlap in their oxygen isotope compositions, a genetic relationship between IIE irons and H chondrites is supported by our new data. However, derivation of both groups from one parent body seems unlikely. Instead, both groups probably sampled similar precursor materials and accreted at a similar nebular location. Our data suggest that the IIE meteorites formed on an internally heated H/HH chondrite-like body that experienced the initial stages of differentiation in response to radiogenic heating. However, prior to full differentiation the IIE parent body experienced a major hit-and-run style collision that resulted in silicate-metal mixing. The initial stages of this event involved a phase of rapid cooling that prevented unmixing of metal and silicates. Reassembly of the IIE parent body produced a large regolith blanket that facilitated subsequent slow cooling. The IIE parent body has probably experienced numerous subsequent less catastrophic collisions. The development of alkali glass textures in some differentiated inclusions is probably the result of one of these later events.
The effect of fast eating on the thermic effect of food in young Japanese women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship between eating speed and the thermic effect of food (TEF) remains unclear. We investigated the difference in the TEF when meals containing the same amount of energy were eaten in 5 min (fast eating) or 15 min (regular eating). Subjects were nine non-obese young women. Following a 350 kcal (1464 kJ) meal, energy expenditure and autonomic nervous system activity were measured. The frequency of mastication was also calculated. The TEF for the 15-min period after the start of eating with fast eating was significantly lower than with regular eating (p < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio and TEF at 5-min intervals up to 20 min after the start of eating and between total mastication frequency and TEF during ingestion. Fast eating may reduce the TEF, potentially because a decrease in mastication frequency decreases sympathetic nervous system activity.
Leveraging inter-individual transcriptional correlation structure to infer discrete signaling mechanisms across metabolic tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inter-organ communication is a vital process to maintain physiologic homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to many human diseases. Given that circulating bioactive factors are stable in serum, occur naturally, and are easily assayed from blood, they present obvious focal molecules for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. Recently, studies have shown that secreted proteins mediating inter-tissue signaling could be identified by ‘brute force’ surveys of all genes within RNA-sequencing measures across tissues within a population. Expanding on this intuition, we reasoned that parallel strategies could be used to understand how individual genes mediate signaling across metabolic tissues through correlative analyses of gene variation between individuals. Thus, comparison of quantitative levels of gene expression relationships between organs in a population could aid in understanding cross-organ signaling. Here, we surveyed gene-gene correlation structure across 18 metabolic tissues in 310 human individuals and 7 tissues in 103 diverse strains of mice fed a normal chow or high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Variation of genes such as FGF21, ADIPOQ, GCG, and IL6 showed enrichments which recapitulate experimental observations. Further, similar analyses were applied to explore both within-tissue signaling mechanisms (liver PCSK9 ) and genes encoding enzymes producing metabolites (adipose PNPLA2 ), where inter-individual correlation structure aligned with known roles for these critical metabolic pathways. Examination of sex hormone receptor correlations in mice highlighted the difference of tissue-specific variation in relationships with metabolic traits. We refer to this resource as g ene-derived correlations across tissues (GD-CAT) where all tools and data are built into a web portal enabling users to perform these analyses without a single line of code ( gdcat.org ). This resource enables querying of any gene in any tissue to find correlated patterns of genes, cell types, pathways, and network architectures across metabolic organs.
The rocky road

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The coastline of western Britain has become a fractal icon, summoned by the mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot to provide the best available fractal frontier. However, beyond the pure maths perspective Mandelbrot did not enquire why the coastline was so irregular on all scales. This reflects the combination of tectonic complexity and drowned river valleys carved at a time of lowered ice age sea-levels and not subsequently choked with sediment. Earthquakes also reveal fractal behaviour in the overall population of sizes. Charles Darwin wanted to use arguments about the longevity of the landscape of the Weald, close to where he lived in Kent, to provide a 300 million year span of evolution, but we now know he underestimated the pace of erosion by two orders of magnitude. However with the discovery of heat released by radioactive decay he was later proved correct in his estimation of the slow pace of geological time.The chapter explores how much landscape has already been lost to erosion, including an extension of the Scottish landmass to include the Orkney and Shetland islands as well as the whole of the Rockall plateau. On a smaller scale we find the vestiges of river valleys where most of the course has already been lost. We conclude with identifying the ten tectonic episodes in the prehistory of Britain and Ireland since the region emerged out of the sea soon after the death of the dinosaurs and the four occasions through this period when plate boundaries passed through the region.
Inhibition effect of extract of Daphne giraldii nitsche and Siberian coeklebu: fruit on wheat stripe rust.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wheat stripe rust is one of the most damaging wheat plant diseases.In this study,different concentration gradients of Daphne giraldii nitsche and Siberian Coeklebu:Fruit extracts were used to control rust sporangium germination and mycelial growth.The results showed that two kinds of herbal medicine aqueous extract inhibited the growth of sporangium germination and mycelia of rust.With 0.50 g/mL concentration of Daphne giraldii nitsche and Siberian Coeklebu: Fruit,inhibiting rates of wheat stripe rust spore germination were 69.29% and 64.44%,and inhibiting rates of mycelial growth were 5.44% and 44.77%,respectively.In conclusion,the study demonstrated that spraying these two kinds of herbal medicine aqueous extracts had significant preventive effect on stripe rust fungi at both seedling and maturity stages.
Development of estimation system for aluminum scrap recovery amounts with considering imports and exports of manufactured products

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Responding to the Carbon Neutral requirement, Japan Aluminium Association set a target that aluminum circulation rate in wrought products should be raised to 50% by year of 2050 from the present rate of around 10%. When discussing and verifying measures for the improvement of circulation rate, the prospective amount of aluminum scraps is necessary information. However, there has been no statistics of aluminum scraps, and no reliable estimation of aluminum scraps has been available. Previous trials of aluminum scraps estimation in Japan were not highly complete since effects of imports and exports of manufactured products to scrap amounts were not considered. Therefore, firstly, we examined effects of imports and exports by a simple index. Secondly, we set up an estimation formula for aluminum scrap recovery amounts, which enables to explicitly reflect imports and exports information of manufactured products. In addition, we elaborated parameters in the formula including retirement rate distributions of manufactured products and accumulated broad related data. A reliable estimation system for aluminum scrap recovery amounts was developed. The system would provide a significant basis for policy discussions on aluminum resource circulation.
A double scaling for the 4d/3d reduction of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 dualities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A bstract In this paper we revisit the S 1 reduction of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 gauge theories, considering a double scaling on the radius of the circle and on the real masses arising from the global symmetries in the compactification. We discuss the implication of this double scaling for SQCD with gauge algebra of ABCD type. We then show how our prescription translates in the reduction of the 4d superconformal index to the 3d squashed three sphere partition function. This allows us to derive the expected integral identities for the 3d dualities directly from the four dimensional ones. This is relevant for the study of orthogonal SQCD, where the derivation from the 4d index is not possible in absence of the double scaling, because of a divergence due to a flat direction in the Coulomb branch of the effective theory on the circle. Furthermore, we obtain, for the even orthogonal case, a 3d duality with a quadratic fundamental monopole superpotential already discussed in the literature, that receives in this way an explanation from 4d.
Skepticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article divides philosophical skepticism into two basic forms. The “Academic Skeptic” proposes that one cannot have knowledge of a certain set of propositions. The “Pyrrhonian Skeptic,” on the other hand, refrains from opining about whether one can have knowledge. This article outlines two arguments for Academic Skepticism: a “Cartesian-style” argument based on the claim that knowledge entails the elimination of all doubt; and a “Closure Principle–style” argument based on the claim that if x entails y and S has justification for x, then S has justification for y. It turns to contextualism and outlines the background of Pyrrhonian Skepticism, pointing out that the Pyrrhonist withholds assent concerning one's knowledge-bearing status because reason cannot provide an adequate basis for assent. It assesses three possible patterns of reasoning (foundationalism, coherentism, and infinitism), and concludes that the Pyrrhonist view, that reason cannot resolve matters concerning the nonevident, is vindicated.
Clinical Application of Artificial Tooth Implantation Technique in Molar Area

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

目的 探讨牙种植术对磨牙缺失修复的疗效.方法采用埋置式种植术对部分磨牙区缺失患者行牙种植修复.结果本组21例患者经过连续临床观察,治疗效果好,没有明显的手术发症.结论采用埋置的方法可对后牙缺失的患者进行牙种植修复,临床效果满意。
PSO-based PID control design for the stabilization of a quadrotor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to design decentralized PID controllers. The proposed method is used for the stabilization of a quadrotor. That is, without loss of generality, four decentralized PD controllers are used in order to stabilize the quadrotor angles and height. A PSO algorithm is used to tune simultaneously the parameters of the four controllers against a square error (SE) cost function which quantifies the whole system performance compared to its desired behavior. Some simulation results are presented to show the efficiency of the method.
A critical review of student change and development theories

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are commonalities in substance in many student change and development theories that have been categorized and summarised over the last 15 years. Many of the models that have evolved from theorists are based on the American college model and its associated values. This model cannot readily be applied to other higher education systems, including the Australian higher education system. The structure of higher educations institutions in both countries is quite different. The nature of the organization of under-graduate degrees can be associated with the value system of a country. There are differences between countries in the cultural perception of the role that higher education plays in preparing students for society. These differences are highlighted by recent discussion papers issued by the Australian government to instigate a review of Higher Education in this country. These discussion papers indicate that the main issue in higher education in Australia is “Who pays?” and the impression that there is an inherent problem in Australia’s higher education system that has nothing to do with reduced government funding and over-stretched resources. This paper discusses the various change and development models and typologies that have evolved in higher education over the last 15 years and their impact on innovation in teaching. The Australian higher education system is used as a case study to highlight the need to treat the US model with caution when applying to other countries and cultures.
Interface Applications of Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy with a Free Electron Laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The study of semiconductor interfaces and of solid interfaces in general requires novel instrument capable to investigate the lateral fluctuations of properties on a microscopic scale. We present the first result of a major effort in that framework, whose main objective is the exploitation of the unique characteristics of free electron laser (FEL) infrared sources. The background was provided by our previous development of FEL-based techniques to measure interface barriers with high accuracy and reliability. Quite recently, we were able to implement similar investigations with high lateral resolution. The key elements were the use of a small-tip optics fiber and its coupling with a scanning module; in this way, we achieved and verified the condition of near-field microscopy — including a lateral resolution much below the wavelength value. Our discussion includes a presentation of the first scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) images obtained with an FEL and data on small and microscopic-scale fluctuations of semiconductor interface barriers. The likely development of this exciting new field will also be discussed, in particular considering the new proposals for powerful FELs in the low-wavelength spectral range.
Acidified Glycerol Lysis Test: a Screening Test for Spherocytosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

S ummary Acidified glycerol lysis test (AGLT) is a screening procedure which has been developed for spherocytosis. AGLT was found positive in 100% of 48 patients suffering from hereditary spherocytosis, 100% of nine couples of affected parents, and 86% of 14 couples of clinically healthy parents. The test was positive in acquired spherocytosis and negative in normal controls. AGLT appears to have a predictive value higher than the entire battery of conventional tests. It is simple, rapid, inexpensive, gives clear‐cut results and requires minute amounts of blood. It can be performed on blood stored for up to 24 h.
An electronic ballast for operating fluorescent lamps in wide temperature range

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A high-power-factor electronic ballast is designed to operate fluorescent lamps in a wide temperature range. The electronic ballast extracts a constant power from the AC line source by an embedded power regulation circuit. In addition, the ballast circuit is able to generate sufficiently high starting voltages at different operating temperatures. The design of the electronic ballast is discussed by an illustrative example with experimental results.
Modeling the Sound Source of an Intake and Predicting the Intake Sound Pressure Level for a Motorcycle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Copyright © 2003 SAE International and Copyright © 2003 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. In order to accurately estimate the intake sound pressure level, it is important to improve the accuracy of the air cleaner simulation model and precisely estimate the sound source of the intake. It has been confirmed that the modeling accuracy of an air cleaner can be improved by considering the vibro-acoustic coupling. Meanwhile, the sound source of the intake depends not only on the engine specifications, but on the intake system and even the exhaust system design. In this reported example, since it is difficult to estimate the sound source of the intake only by calculation, due to the aforementioned reasons, actual measurements were carried out to define the sound source. The method is such that the sound source is modeled by acoustic impedance and volume velocity in the engine, and the acoustic impedance is measured using an impedance tube. Then, the sound pressure at the intake opening is measured. Then, the volume velocity is calculated backwards using the results of measurement and the intake system unit model. This method allows defining the sound source by experiments. In addition to that, estimation of sound pressure level at the intake opening has become possible by using measured acoustic impedance and volume velocity, which are determined by experiments, as the boundary conditions of the air cleaner model.