jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Iran and Afghanistan in Japanese Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| May 01 1981 Iran and Afghanistan in Japanese Perspective Michael M. Yoshitsu Michael M. Yoshitsu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1952) 21 (5): 501–514. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643830 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Michael M. Yoshitsu; Iran and Afghanistan in Japanese Perspective. Far Eastern Survey 2 April 1952; 21 (5): 501–514. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643830 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1981 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Client and clinical staff perceptions of barriers to and enablers of the uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions for urinary incontinence: qualitative evidence synthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To evaluate factors influencing uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions for urinary incontinence from the perspective of clients and clinical staff. Background Behavioural interventions are recommended as first‐line therapy for the management of urinary incontinence. Barriers to and enablers of uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions have not been reviewed. Design Qualitative evidence synthesis. Data sources MEDLINE , EMBASE , CINAHL , PsychInfo, AMED (inception to May 2013); Proceedings of the International Continence Society ( ICS ) (2006–2013). Review methods Studies where data were collected from clients or staff about their experiences or perceptions of behavioural interventions were included. Two reviewers independently screened records on title and abstract. Full‐text papers were obtained for records identified as potentially relevant by either reviewer. Two reviewers independently filtered all full‐text papers for inclusion, extracted findings and critically appraised studies. We used an approach akin to Framework, using a matrix of pre‐specified themes to classify the data and facilitate its presentation and synthesis. Results Seven studies involving 200 participants identified clients’ views. Findings identified from at least one study of moderate quality included increased fear of accidents and convenience of treatment. Factors enabling participation included realistic goals and gaining control. Six studies involving 427 participants identified staff views. Findings identified from at least one study of moderate quality included staff education and perceptions of treatment effectiveness. Enabling factors included teamwork and experience of success. Conclusion There is little detailed exploration of clients’ experiences of, and responses to, behavioural interventions. Evidence for staff relates predominantly to prompted voiding in long‐term residential care. Studies of the uptake and delivery of other behavioural interventions in other settings are warranted.
Study on non-iron finish of linen with phosphino polycaboxylic acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the non iron finish of linen with phosphino polycaboxylic acid was investigated. The effects of concentration of finishing agent , catalyst and additives as well as curing temperature and curing time on the characteristics of linen were discussed and the optimum technology condition was determined with the orthogonal experiment. The properties of linen have obviously been improved.
Clinically relevant suramin dosing regimen in mice with no effects against PC-3 prostate xenografts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The goal of these studies was to develop a suramin dosing schedule that would maintain suramin plasma concentrations in mice in the 150-250 mu g/ml range. A high pressure liquid chromatography method was used to determine suramin plasma concentrations in mice. For pharmacokinetic studies CD2F(1) mice were treated intraperitoneally with 140 mg/kg of suramin. These pharmacokinetic data were used to develop a clinically relevant dosing regimen. To test the efficacy of this dosing regimen, athymic nude mice were implanted orthotopically with PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells, randomized, and treated intraperitoneally. The pharmacokinetically derived dosing regimen resulted in no antitumor effect against PC-3 prostate tumors. Suramin plasma concentrations ranged from 155 to 258 mu g/ml over the 14-day therapy period with tumor concentrations in the 53-241 mu g/g wet weight range.
Cardioprotection by Drug-Induced Changes in Glucose and Glycogen Metabolism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Myocardial energy substrate metabolism is subjected to significant changes during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), which can greatly influence post-ischemic recovery of left-ventricular (LV) mechanical function. One of the main mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury is the accumulation of protons and resultant Ca2+ overload, which occurs mainly as a result of uncoupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation. Pharmacological interventions that improve the coupling between glycolysis and glucose oxidation are of particular interest. In this thesis, we focus on the role of partitioning of glucose between different metabolic pathways on post-ischemic recovery of LV mechanical function. We examine different approaches to limit excessive glycolysis during reperfusion and identify various targets in the glycolytic pathway that can be modulated to protect against myocardial I/R injury. Utilizing the isolated perfused working rat heart model, we demonstrate that pre-ischemic glycogen content is an important determinant factor controlling ischemia-induced changes in glucose metabolism. Our results challenge current dogma by demonstrating that ischemia-induced activation of 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in accelerated glucose uptake only under conditions where pre-ischemic glycogen is depleted while in hearts with replenished pre-ischemic glycogen, ischemia-induced activation of glycogenolysis supplies sufficient substrate for glycolysis without the need to stimulate glucose uptake. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) repartitions glucose-6-phosphate away from glycolysis as a result of stimulation of glycogen synthesis. This limits proton production from glucose metabolism and subsequently reduces intracellular Ca2+ overload, which limits LV mechanical dysfunction in early reperfusion. These results provide a novel mechanism to explain cardioprotection mediated by GSK-3 inhibition. In the final study in this thesis, we demonstrate that adenosine-induced cardioprotection is mediated by activation of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase activity that reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK, which subsequently inhibits phosphofructokinase-2 and slows glycolysis and proton production during reperfusion. Our results challenge the current paradigm by demonstrating the benefits of limiting excessive AMPK activation during reperfusion. Overall, this thesis highlights the importance of glucose and glycogen metabolism in the pathogenesis of I/R injury and presents a number of approaches to manipulate the balance between glycolysis and glucose oxidation and thereby limit myocardial I/R injury.
A Review on Natural Language Processing in Opinion Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Opinion Mining is a recent area of interest for Natural Language (NLP) researchers. Peoples are intended to develop a system that can identify and classify opinion or sentiment as represented in an electronic text. Since previous attempts have defined opinion mining as a few sequence of well known standard mechanisms as: Subjectivity Detection, polarity Detection, Degree of polarity identification. The scope of the present research proposal is to develop a system that can identify subjective sentence from an input document and successively identify the polar phrases among the sentences as positive either negative. Multi Perspective Question Answering (MPQA) corpus has been chosen for the present task. The research contribution will rely on finding upon new ways to solve the subjectivity detection or polarity detection as a hard unsolved research problem.
Discussion on Application of Remote Sensing to Water Resource Detection

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Water resource detection is one of the important tasks of water supply in field fight.This paper describes the application and progress of remote sensing research on the ground water exploration,surface water detection,and water quality monitoring from the aspects of theories,remote sensing data in common use and methods.With development of modern war,it will be a direction that using remote sensing to pre-detect and monitor water resource in war district.
Characteristic of mitochondrial nucleic acids obtained from calf brain gray and white matter.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The brain mitochondrial system is of a special interest because of the high concentration of mitochondria in the synaptic regions of neurons. Klee and Sokoloff (1965) have demonstrated the occurrence of protein synthesis in brain mitochondria. Campbell et al. (1966) have isolated two distinct cell-free protein synthesizing systeins from immature rat brain, one localized in purified ribosomes, the other in mitochondria. The participation of the mitochondrial synthesizing system in synaptosoma1 protein synthesis is still discussed (Barondes 1966, 1968, Morgan and Austin 1968). Recent studies lend support to the view that mitochondria posses a remarkable degree of autonomy; they appear to contain some of the information and apparatus for macromolecular biosynthesis and possibly for their own biogenesis (Nass 1967, Karol and Simpson 1968, Meyer and Simpson 1969). In our previous work (Borkowski et al. 1967, 1968) we have demonstrated the difference between nucleic acids obtained from the whole brain and liver mitochondria. I t is evident that the tissue of the central nervous system is morphologically heterogeneous. Therefore in this communication the experiments performed on two anatomically distinct parts of an adult brain have been described.
A Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Orthopaedic and Anaesthetic Registrars Performing Femoral Nerve Block on Patients with an Acute Hip Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated if a femoral nerve block (FNB) for patients with a proximal femoral fracture (PFF) and administered by an orthopaedic registrar (OR) instead of an anaesthesiology registrar (AR) lowers the lead time to block and reduces the total amount of rescue analgesics during the preoperative phase. 205 patients were included in a prospective observational cohort study. The main outcome variable was rescue analgesics as total intravenous morphine prior to surgery. All results were adjusted for confounding using age, sex, cognitive dysfunction, and ASA classification. The OR group (n=135) was over 2 hours faster in performing the block compared to the AR group (n=70) but was nonetheless correlated with an increased amount of rescue analgesics during the study, 2.4 mg morphine (95% CI 0.0–4.9) more compared to the AR group. We found no difference between the groups in the risk of adverse events. We conclude that, for patients with an acute PFF and with morphine consumption as end point, how soon from arrival to hospital the patients receive a FNB is of lesser importance than who is administering it. Based on our results we recommend that emergency hospitals should have routines for anaesthesiologists performing FNB on this frail patient group.
Dispute Settlement Reports 2005

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2005:XII reports on United States - Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services.
On the Localizability Problem of relativistic quantum systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we study the Localizability Problem for relativistic quantum systems. We do it on two fronts. In the first part of this thesis, we extend Newton-Wigner\'s localization approach to homogeneous globally hyperbolic spacetimes, defining generalized (local) Newton-Wigner position operators. We also give criteria to classify which unitary representations of the spacetime isometry group give origin to localizable representations, showing that the stabilizer group of the spatial isometry group plays a fundamental role. In the second part, we present a novel approach to the Localizability Problem, utilizing techniques from the Modular Theory of Tomita-Takesaki. We argue that position measurements must follow logical principles, incorporated in a mathematical structure referred to as a \\textit{logic}. The core idea is to include the causality structure of Minkowski spacetime in this logic so that the causality problems inherent in Newton-Wigner\'s approach are solved. We do it through the Modular Localization map \\cite{brunetti_modular_2002} for arbitrary massive representations of $\\mathcal{P}_+$. Our main contribution is the construction of a (quasi-) probability measure on the logic structure of spacetime for each algebraic state (which we interpret as the probability of detection of the system in these spacetime regions), and of a position observable in the logic-theoretic sense. Additionally, we compare our new approach with Newton-Wigner\'s localization, showing they are approximate in certain regimes.
Extended or Continuous Infusion of Carbapenems in Children with Severe Infections: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of an extended or continuous infusion (EI/CI) versus short-term infusion (STI) of carbapenems in children with severe infections. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and SinoMed, were systematically searched from their inceptions to 10 August 2020, for all types of studies (such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), retrospective studies, and pharmacokinetic or population pharmacokinetic (PK/PPK) studies) comparing EI/CI versus STI in children with severe infection. There was no limitation on language, and a manual search was also conducted. The data were screened, evaluated, extracted, and reviewed by two researchers independently. Quantitative (meta-analysis) or qualitative analyses of the included studies were performed. Twenty studies (including two RCTs, one case series, six case reports, and 11 PK/PPK studies) were included in this review (CRD42020162845). The RCTs’ quality evaluation results revealed a risk of selection and concealment bias. Qualitative analysis of RCTs demonstrated that, compared with STI, an EI (3 to 4 h) of meropenem in late-onset neonatal sepsis could improve the clinical effectiveness and microbial clearance rates, and reduce the rates of mortality; however, the differences in the incidence of other adverse events were not statistically significant. Retrospective studies showed that children undergoing an EI of meropenem experienced satisfactory clinical improvement. In addition, the results of the PK/PPK study showed that an EI (3 or 4 h)/CI of carbapenems in severely infected children was associated with a more satisfactory goal achievement rate (probability of target attainment) and a cumulative fraction of response than STI therapy. In summary, the EI/CI of carbapenems in children with severe infection has a relatively sufficient PK or pharmacodynamic (PD) basis and satisfactory efficacy and safety. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of studies, the EI/CI therapy should not be used routinely in severely infected children. This conclusion should be further verified by more high-quality controlled clinical trials or observational studies based on PK/PD theories.
RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

教室における潰瘍性大腸炎およびCrohn病の手術適応ならびに術後成績について述べた. 潰瘍性大腸炎は基本的には内科的には治療すべき疾患であるが, 手術が必要な場合にもできる限り直腸を温存する手術を選択すべきであり, それが可能であると考えられた. 残存直腸の炎症再燃の治療にはステロイド坐薬が有効であった. 教室における直腸温存術8例の成績は良好で再手術を行った例はなかった.Crohn病に対する手術は狭窄, 瘻孔などの合併症に対して行われることが多かった.教室における手術成績は11例中再発率36%, 死亡率18%で, 死亡が再発に関係していたと仮定すれば再発率は54%になる. Crohn病の手術適応, 術式選択にはいまだ問題点が多く, 今後症例を集積して再検討する必要があると考えられた.
Comprehensive study of the dynamics of a classical Kitaev spin liquid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the spin-$S$ Kitaev model in the classical ($S \to \infty$) limit using Monte Carlo simulations combined with semi-classical spin dynamics. We discuss differences and similarities in the dynamical structure factors of the spin-$1/2$ and the classical Kitaev liquids. Interestingly, the low-temperature and low-energy spectrum of the classical model exhibits a finite energy peak, which is the precursor of the one produced by the Majorana modes of the $S=1/2$ model. The classical peak is spectrally narrowed compared to the quantum result and can be explained by magnon excitations within fluctuating one-dimensional manifolds (loops). Hence the difference from the classical limit to the quantum limit can be understood by the fractionalization of magnons propagating in one-dimensional manifolds. Moreover, we show that the momentum space distribution of the low-energy spectral weight of the $S=1/2$ model follows the momentum space distribution of zero modes of the classical model.
Action of Busulfan on larval gonads of the Colorado Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Implantation of a busulfan crystal into larvae of first, second and third instars temporary blocks molting.In gonad this antimitotic only acts on one category of germinal cells : secondary spermatogonia.During mitosis chromosomal changes lead to cellular death.However all the gonia are not affected by a single dose of busulfan.Busulfan or 1-4 dimethylsulfonyloxybutane is an antimitotic of the sulfonylalkane group.This alkylant agent inhibits cell division in tissues proliferating at a high rate.Bollag (1953) was the first author to inject busulfan into pregnant rats ; their male and female progeny were completely sterile.The effect of busulfan on the gonads of embryonic and adult mammals has been frequently studied ; it causes chromosomic lesions inducing degeneration of the affected germ cells and gonadic sterilization.However, this product has been little used on invertebrates.When mixed into the feed of the adult Coleoptera Anthonomus grandis (Klassen, Nordland, Borkovec, 1968), busulfan did not completely sterilize the males.These authors considered busulfan as a promising antimitotic.Injecting this product into a Peracarid Amphipod Crustacean, Charniaux-Cotton (1974) obtained total destruction of oogonia in Orchestia gamma- rellus.Busulfan had the same effect on the male gonad (personal communication). Experimental conditions.Continuing to work on control of sexual differentiation in the Colorado beetle, we studied the gonad function, and particularly the relationships between germ and meso- dermic cells.We implanted busulfan into the larvae and imagos of the Colorado beetle to produce gonads deprived of germ cells and to analyze the role of mesodermic tissue A busulfan crystal * was implanted in the abdomen near the gonads.Larvae of * The Techni-Pharma Laboratories kindly furnished us the busulfan recrystallized when cold from a chloroformic solution.instars 1, 2 and 3, as well as adults, received a single implantation.We used 60 yg for 100 mg of animal.A higher amount such as 80yg is lethal, while 30 yg has no effect.Busulfan has been used on few species and we cannot evaluate the optimal dose which sterilizes insects without increasing mortality.When given to the imagosof coleoptera Anthonomus grandis in a synthetic meal containing 8 p. 100 busulfan, this product causes high mortality.After a 3-day treatment, mortality reaches 30-80 p. 100 14 days later.However, the doses cannot be compared when busulfan is given orally.Larvae were killed 5, 7, 10, 12 and 14 days after implantation and studied histologically.Effect of busulfan on molting.Larval mortality is high 5-6 days after implantation ; adult mortality reaches 100 p. 100 (table 1).
Handling the inpatient's hospital ‘Career’ – Are nurses laying the groundwork for healthy meal and nutritional care transitions?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This qualitative study examined hospital nurses’ methods in handling meal and nutrition care during inpatient time, with an underlying focus on undernourished older adult. Observations and interviews were used to document nurses’ methods through the span of a transition (defined by an entry, passage, and exit). The study finds inconsistencies in care methods due to institutional processes restricting both mealtime care and nutritional logging of information throughout hospitalization. It is concluded that the consequences of these inconsistencies must be recognized and that new approaches to meals and nutritional care should be introduced in order to provide greater flexibility. Based on the assumption that mobilizing patient resources is pivotal for meal and nutritional care, it is argued that it may be important to mobilize patient resources during mealtime and in nutritional logging of information in order to increase the visibility of meal and nutritional care in patient transitions within the institution and across settings. Both nurses’ methods and institutions developmental initiatives regarding meal and nutritional care need to accommodate the differences between what in this paper is defined as social‐bodily care and text‐based care. This could be met through care methods that take place with, more than for the patient.
Iterative Catalyst-Controlled Diastereoselective Matteson Homologations Enable the Selective Synthesis of Benzestrol Isomers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report the development of an iterative Matteson homologation reaction with catalyst-controlled diastereoselectivity through the design of a new catalyst. This reaction was applied to the selective synthesis of each stereoisomer of benzestrol, a bioactive compound with estrogenic activity featuring three contiguous stereocenters. The different stereoisomers were assayed to determine their binding affinity for the estrogen receptor α (ERα), and the absolute configuration of the compound having uniquely high activity was determined. This research lays a framework for the catalytic synthesis and study of complete stereoisomeric sets of other bioactive molecules and chemical probes containing contiguous stereocenters.