jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Total Quality Management and SMPS Performance Effects in Nigeria: A Review of Six Sigma Methodology

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Though small and medium practices (SMPs) which constituted over 70% of auditing firms in Nigeria have been in existence from the inception of accountancy profession but have not been given the required attention. This research paper is exploratory on the ground that SMPs is a new concept. The study investigated the effect of total quality management (TQM) on the performance of the subsector through the use of Six Sigma Methodology (SSM) to improve current business system. The population of the study consists of 884 SMPs in Nigeria. 133 respondents were purposively selected representing a sample fraction of 15%. Questionnaire was administered at random and opinions elicited and analyzed. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Method was used to confirm the hypotheses of the study. Finding obtained revealed that leadership style, management of people and consumers focus are the strongest significant predictors of TQM and operational performance but are lacking in most in SMPs operations. It also discovered that TQM programmes when implemented will influence the quality of auditing services that meets clients' expectations within the ambit of standards and regulations. The study therefore recommends that SMP should embrace SSM to have significant clients' relationship, improved performance and maximize institutional prosperity.
Derivation of 16-day time-series NDVI data for environmental studies using a data assimilation approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Many ecological and environmental applications require time-series data, which are collected with spatial extent from local, regional or continental levels and granularity ranging from fine to coarse spatial resolution. These types of data can be too difficult to collect using typical field surveys, but they can be derived using remote-sensing images and image-processing technologies. The common time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data are AVHRR-derived at spatial resolutions of 1 or 8 km, MODIS-derived at 250 m, 500 m, 1 km or 8 km resolutions, and SPOT-VGT imagery at 1 km resolution. Landsat imagery-derived time-series NDVI data are often unavailable for many areas due to the difficulty of acquiring cloud-free images given the temporally infrequent coverage of this sensor. For this study, we used a closest-spectral-fit concept as the basis for a data mining model and developed a data assimilation model in order to derive 16-day time-series NDVI data. In a multidimensional spectral space, if pixel i has the closest reflectance values to pixel j, pixel i is called the closest-spectral-fit of pixel j, and pixels i and j are called closest-spectral-fit pixels. Fifteen Landsat TM images covering northern Michigan were acquired from 22 March 2010 to 1 November 2010, in a 16-day cycle. A cloud-free image is used as the reference image to predict NDVI images for the other 14 dates. The forecasted NDVI data explain 80% variation in the observed NDVI. TM band 4 is forecasted at the same performance level as NDVI, and forecasts of bands 3 and 2 are relatively highly correlated with the forecasts of observed bands. The closest-spectral-fit data assimilation method has the capability to produce historical NDVI data at finer spatial resolution as far back as 1972, which broaden and enhance potential applications to the modeling of environmental and ecological patterns and processes.
Synergistic flame retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate in ethylene‐vinyl acetate/layered double hydroxides composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mg–Al–Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized based on bayer red mud by calcination‐rehydration method, and characterized using X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synergistic flame retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with LDH in ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) composites were studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), and smoke density test (SDT). The thermal degradation behavior of EVA/LDH/APP composites was examined by thermal gravimetric analysis‐fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG‐FTIR). The results showed that LOI values decreased by incorporation of APP together with LDH; and, a suitable amount of APP in EVA/LDH composites can apparently improve UL 94 rating. The CCT results indicated that heat release rate (HRR) of the EVA/LDH/APP composites with APP decreased in comparison with that of the EVA/LDH composites. The SDT results showed that APP was helpful to suppress smoke. The TG‐FTIR data showed that the composites with APP had a higher thermal stability than the EVA/LDH composites at high temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:766–776, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Factors Influencing Scientific Achievements of Medical Students in the Anatomy Research Group: An Analysis From the Autonomous University of Nuevo León in Mexico

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Scientific research and student involvement are critical to the formation of physicians, yet the number of medical researchers has decreased over time. To implement corrective strategies, the variables associated with positive research attitudes and productivity among medical students must be identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variables associated with students interested or involved in research. A validated questionnaire was applied to the student members of an established anatomy research group in a Mexican medical school with a six‐year medical program. Data were collected and analyzed. A total of 85.5% ( n = 77/90) students answered the survey with most respondents being second‐year medical students. The majority of respondents indicated that the important component of conducting research was a contribution to the new knowledge (45.5%) and to the scientific community (42.9%). More than half of respondents mentioned a professor or a peer as the initial motivation to become involved in research. Lack of time was the main limitation (59.7%) to research involvement. Perceived benefits were knowledge and team work skills. Of those involved, most (85.7%) wished to continue participating in research as a complement to their clinical work. Professors and student colleagues were found to play an important motivational and recruitment role for medical research. These efforts in turn have developed into long‐lasting mentor‐mentee relationships. Students also anticipated that early involvement in research will positively influence the likelihood of future physicians' contribution and collaboration in research.
Letters to the Editor

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

I regret that Dr Lazar misinterpreted some of the statements in my paper, and I apologize if my intentions were unclear. My comments referred specifically (as stated) to the value of intervention programs with neurologically handicapped children. I am not opposed to programs for environmentally deprived children. I share Lazar's concern for sensible parental involvement in the development of children; however, I have not seen parents "often" abandon the child with special needs. Since I stated specifically in the paper that "large- scale, systematic, and scientifically controlled studies with rigorous methodology are sorely needed," I fail to understand Lazar's comment that "my position discourages systematic longitudinal investigation of the effects of education on the physiologically damaged child."
Swedish Literature on the British Market 1998-2013: A Systemic Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines the role and function of contemporary Swedish fiction in English translation on the British book market in the period 1998-2013. Drawing on Bourdieu’s Field Theory, Even Zohar’s Polysystem Theory and DeLanda’s Assemblage Theory, it constructs a model capable of dynamically describing the life cycle of border-crossing books, from selection and production to marketing, sales and reception. This life cycle is driven and shaped by individual position-takings of book market actants, and by their complex interaction and continual evolution. The thesis thus develops an understanding of the book market and its actants that deliberately resists static or linear perspectives, acknowledging the centrality of complex interaction and dynamic development to the analysis of publishing histories of translated books. The theoretical component is complemented by case studies offering empirical insight into the model’s application. Each case study illuminates the theory from a different angle, creating thereby a composite picture of the complex, essentially unmappable processes that underlie the logic of the book market. The first takes as its subject the British publishing history of crime writer Liza Marklund, as well as its wider context, the Scandinavian crime boom. The second case study considers the role of multi-platform mediality and media convergence in the case of John Ajvide Lindqvist’s vampire novel Let the Right One In. The Swedish contribution to Canongate’s Myth series, The Hurricane Party by Klas Östergren, is then examined through the lens of a globalising world literature. The final case study widens the scope to the institutional level by analysing the role and impact of the Swedish Arts Council’s efforts to disseminate Swedish literature abroad. Together, the case studies begin to illuminate the functioning of the contemporary translated fiction market in the UK, providing a nuanced understanding of the success of Swedish fiction in English translation.
Efficacy of sorafenib adjuvant therapy in northwestern Chinese patients with non-metastatic renal-cell carcinoma after nephrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recent studies have confirmed the efficacy of sorafenib for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma; however, its efficacy and safety as an adjuvant therapy in patients with non-metastatic and loco-regional renal cell carcinoma after surgery remains controversial. Thus, the aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant sorafenib therapy in such patients from 8 centers in northwestern China that were treated from August 2009 to December 2016. After surgery, the patients (n = 48) received oral sorafenib for 3 months. The control group (n = 48) comprised patients that underwent the same surgery from December 2009 to June 2016 but without adjuvant therapy who were matched 1:1 with the sorafenib group with respect to sex, age, pathological findings, disease stage and grade, operation time, and surgical procedure. The primary outcome compared between the groups was disease-free survival. Adverse events were also recorded to evaluate the safety of sorafenib. The influence of patients’ characteristics and laboratory tests on recurrence was analyzed using unconditional logistic regression. Overall, the demographic characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. There was no significant difference in the rate of recurrence (8.3% for sorafenib patients and 6.2% for the matched patients, P = .66) or median disease-free survival between the 2 groups (hazard ratio = 1.561, 95% confidence interval = 0.349–6.987, P = .56). In multiple logistic regression analysis, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) emerged as an independent predictor of recurrence risk ( P = .02). These results indicate that postoperative sorafenib adjuvant therapy did not achieve the expected beneficial effect, pointing to the need for further studies to evaluate its utility in such cases.
Greenland ice sheet response to external forcing

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Kinematic wave modeling is used to evaluate possible responses of the Greenland ice sheet to changes in its surface mass balance. In the approach followed here the reference state is defined based on measured velocity and discharge flux along the central flow line of Petermann Glacier in the northwest, and perturbations on this state are considered. The results indicate that significant rates of thickness change can occur immediately after the prescribed change in surface mass balance but adjustments in flow rapidly diminish these rates to a few centimeters per year at most. Full adjustment of the ice sheet requires times of the order of 1000 years. The instability mechanism known as the Jakobshavn Effect is discussed and, based on observational evidence as well as results from prior modeling studies, it is concluded that this is an unlikely mechanism for destabilizing major drainage basins of the Greenland ice sheet.
The Effect of CAR-T Cell Therapy in The Treatment of Cancer, And Associated Side Effects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When the immune system is functioning normally, immune cells move around the body
looking for things that don’t belong, like bacteria and viruses. These immune cells search
for invaders using “receptors”. When receptors find invaders in the body, special immune
cells come in to destroy them; these cells are called cytotoxic T cells.
Unfortunately, cancer cells are often able to hide from immune cells, which is why the
cancer cells can grow out of control. Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment intended to
make the body’s immune system able to detect and destroy cancer cells. Immune
checkpoint inhibitors have been a successful immunotherapy approach because it pushes
the immune system into high gear to fight cancer.
Dielectric Relaxation of the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethyl Sulfate: Microwave and Far-IR Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dielectric relaxation of the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EMI+ETS-), is studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The collective dynamics of polarization arising from cations and anions are examined. Characteristics of the rovibrational and translational components of polarization dynamics are analyzed to understand their respective roles in the microwave and terahertz regions of dielectric relaxation. The MD results are compared with the experimental low-frequency spectrum of EMI+ETS-, obtained via ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) measurements.
The Effectiveness of Internal Control Reporting on Improving Financial Reporting

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the views of managers and independent auditors to audit institutes and organizations associated with the need for a new report entitled Report of the useful internal controls and its impact on the overall improvement of financial reporting, to compare the deals. The method used descriptive survey. According to the study population consisted of directors of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange as well as auditors and audit organizations working in the public audit firms and certified public accountants Iran is the Securities and Exchange. The required information was collected using a questionnaire. To analyze the data from the test was used to compare means. The results show that managers and auditors have focused on the usefulness of this type of report. Administrators voluntary reporting on internal control, management, financial reporting improves. The auditors also believe that mandatory reporting of management on internal control, financial reporting does not improve. Other results show that between administrators and auditors in connection with the internal control reporting, there is a significant difference.
Luminescent supramolecular polymers: Cd2+‐directed polymerization and properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A family of supramolecular polymers was prepared via Cd 2+ ‐directed self‐assembly polymerization of bis(2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)‐based ligand monomers, using oligofluorenes and triphenylamine as bridges under mild conditions. The polymers were fully characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, inherent viscosity, electrochemical measurements, UV‐visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). Polymers with oligofluorenes as spacers exhibited blue emission (434–442 nm) in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) solution, while polymers with triphenylamine as spacer presented an emission peak at 494 nm in DMAc solution. Complexation polymerization of bis(2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)‐based ligand monomers with cadmium(II) improved fluorescence quantum yields dramatically, and the film PL quantum yields of these polymers were about 0.38–0.54. Single‐layer light‐emitting diodes were fabricated with the configuration indium tin oxide (ITO)/polymer/Ca/Al; the EL showed green emission and the onset voltages of the devices were 8–11 V. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Japanese EFL Students’ Reading Processes for Academic Papers in English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although some studies have examined reading strategy use in academic reading (e.g., Block, 1986; Plakans,2009), these studies used short passages only, and there have been a few studies that have focused on the mentalrepresentation constructed while we read research papers (e.g., Wyatt et al., 1993). Considering that academicdiscourse has a particular, distinct structure (e.g., Swales, 1990), it is necessary to examine the process of readingacademic papers separately from that of reading in general, focusing on the rhetorical particularities of academicdiscourse. Against this research background, we investigated how Japanese EFL students read English academicpapers, focusing on the interactions among L2 proficiency, reading strategies, and the rhetorical features of thepapers. We used the following methods: video observation, the "think-aloud protocol," document analysis ofnotes taken by the participants while reading, and a post-reading interview. The reading strategies identified onthe basis of the think-aloud protocol were categorized into local, global, and metacognitive strategies. The mainresults were as follows. First, the Japanese EFL readers had difficulty recognizing academic discourse. Therefore,they could not read the papers efficiently. Second, the students focused on understanding formulas and figurespresented in the documents. Third, although the students used local and global strategies frequently, theirpurposes in using these strategies varied depending on their L2 competence, their background knowledge aboutthe topic of the paper, and their familiarity with the discipline-specific academic discourse.
Urinary corticosterone and normetanephrine levels after voluntary wheel and forced treadmill running in the db/db mouse

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Exercise is recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of its benefits on body weight and glycemic control. Our recent work using the db/db mouse, a model that mimics the phenotype of type 2 diabetes, demonstrated that forced treadmill training exerted detrimental effects on obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. We investigated whether this response is explained by increased corticosterone and norepinephrine secretion, measured as urinary byproducts, since these hormones are known to alter glucose homeostasis. Male db/db mice and lean littermates serving as controls, were assigned to sedentary, voluntary wheel, and forced treadmill training groups for a period of 5 weeks. After 5 weeks of treadmill running, db/db mice remained hyperglycemic compared to sedentary db/db mice and were hyperinsulinemic compared to db/db voluntary runners. Urine glucose and corticosterone levels were also highest in db/db treadmill runners compared to all groups. Urine normetanephrine levels, although lower in db/db mice compared to control mice, were increased after treadmill running. Our results indicate that treadmill running leads to perturbations in plasma levels of hormones associated with glucose homeostasis. A greater stress response may be invoked by treadmill training, worsening glycemic control in this model of type 2 diabetes.
Asymptotic behavior of normalized linear complexity of ultimately non-periodic binary sequences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the asymptotic behavior of normalized linear complexity of ultimately nonperiodic binary sequence. The linear complexity of s/sup n/, L/sub s/(n), is defined as the length of the shortest linear feedback shift register which generates s/sup n/. The research method and results studied in this paper seem to be very useful in characterizing the purely random sequence and distinguishing a key stream generator from a uniformly random sequence.
Bembicosoma re-examined: a xiphosuran from the Silurian of the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, Scotland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Silurian arthropod Bembicosoma pomphicus Laurie, 1899 is re-studied in relation to other Palaeozoic chelicerate taxa. All three known specimens of Bembicosoma originate from the Silurian (late Llandovery) Eurypterid Bed of the Gutterford Burn Flagstones, Reservoir Formation, Pentland Hills, Scotland. Bembicosoma is removed from its previous tentative assignment to Eurypterida and re-assigned to Xiphosura. A morphological reconstruction of this taxon is presented for the first time. This work continues a reappraisal of the systematics of a number of taxa that belong within the synziphosurines, a loose grouping of early Palaeozoic chelicerate arthropods aligned with the Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs), but which have been mistakenly identified as eurypterids in the past. Bembicosoma is significant as it is one of the earliest known synziphosurines.
Kafka'sTrial:BetweenThe Republicand Psychoanalysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It has occasionally been maintained that interpretation is the art or science of recovering an author's intention, where the intention is presumed to be a conscious one. For anyone who accepts the Freudian notions of the preconscious and the unconscious, the limitations of such a view, at least as applied to literary interpretation, are evident. On the other hand, readers of literature do sometimes encounter writers whose obsessive self-inspection seems to have led them far into depths normally inaccessible to consciousness. But how far? Far enough so that all intentions have become conscious, or potentially conscious? Long before Freud, La Rochefoucauld wrote, Quelque dicouverte que l'on aitfaite dans le pays de I'amour-propre, il y reste encore bien des terres inconnues [Whatever discoveries have been made in the land of self-love, many regions remain unexplored].2 Yet even Freud and La Rochefoucauld, whose work, in different ways, would seem to deny the possibility of total self-transparency, imagine and indeed insist on the ideal of perfect enlightenment as to the self. In psychoanalysis, this ideal lives on in the critique that one psychoanalyst levels at another of having been incompletely analyzed. And it seems to find a realization of sorts in our experience of writers and surely there is no better example than Franz Kafka who, wherever we get in our analysis or interpretation, have been there before us.
Influences of Different Aeration Patterns on the Composting of Green Waste and Rice Straw with Sewage Sludges

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of experiments were carried out aiming at resource utilization of fresh green waste and sewage sludge. The green waste, rice straw and sewage sludge were chosen as raw materials and packing materials in composting experiments to study the variation characteristics of composting in different aeration patterns. It was found that the effect of intermittent aeration pattern during composting was better than continuous aeration pattern according to the results of detection of composting temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide.