jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phishing Attack Response and Risk Mitigation Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Phishing attacks have emerged as one of the most prevalent and damaging forms of cyber threats, posing significant risks to the security and privacy of users on the internet. These attacks typically involve fraudulent websites designed to deceive users into disclosing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card details, and personal data. Detecting phishing websites has become a critical task in cybersecurity, as traditional methods often fail to effectively identify new and sophisticated phishing tactics. This study addresses this challenge by leveraging a carefully curated dataset containing 10,000 instances of URLs and web page features, specifically designed for phishing detection. A combination of advanced machine learning techniques, including feature extraction using ResNet50 and classification with Support Vector Machine (SVM), is employed to accurately distinguish between legitimate and phishing websites. SMOTE is used for data balancing to mitigate class imbalance, ensuring that both classes are adequately represented during training. The proposed approach demonstrates a significant improvement in detecting phishing websites by effectively capturing complex patterns and characteristics indicative of phishing activity. The results underscore the potential of deep learning and machine learning methods in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of phishing detection systems.
Innovative hospitals - crucial players for successful biomedical hubs : the case of Singapore from a Swiss perspective.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes the interactions between health care providers, public research institutes and the life science industry. All three together form Singapore’s biomedical hub. A hub or cluster is defined by proximity and interaction of very specialized companies as well as the externalities that thereby occur. These externalities and agglomeration effects are the reason why in a cluster, the sum is more than its parts. Singapore’s biomedical cluster is analyzed from the hospital perspective. The research, the teaching and the health care services done in hospitals are seen in this thesis as primordial for the success of any biomedical hub. The mutually reinforcing determinants for the cluster’s development are analyzed as follows: Demand Conditions: Aging populations and an increased awareness of health issues in many parts of the world have led to an increased demand in health-related products and services. Demand for health services seems virtually infinite. While margins in other manufacturing industries are small and shrinking, the pharmaceutical, biomedical and med-tech industries still enjoy high margins. Achieving the necessary quality standards, as the flipside of the coin, is the challenge here. Factor Conditions: Recent scientific discoveries through new technologies have led to considerable advancements in the understanding of human diseases. Singapore’s government invests in biomedical training and specialized infrastructure. Grants and tax exemptions are offered to biotech start-up companies. Intellectual property law is reinforced to protect the created specialized factors. An increasingly sophisticated financial sector is ready to embark on new biotech ventures. Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry: Companies worldwide react to these favorable regulatory setting and factor conditions and move not only manufacturing functions but also their R&D function to Singapore. A race for business opportunities derived from the new biomedical breakthroughs begins. All of a sudden, Singapore is on the top of research fields as promising as stem cell research and new areas like pharmaco-genomics emerge in Singapore.
The Safety of Cryopreservation Devices in Protecting Against Liquid Nitrogen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, in Japan, the most commonly used embryo vitrification method is “ultra-rapid vitrification” which is designed to achieve the maximum cooling rate by exposing embryos directly to LN2 in a tiny droplet of cryoprotectant. Though this method has yielded acceptable embryo viability rates, questions have been raised by various countries' regulatory agencies regarding the effects of LN2 exposure. The 0.25 ml plastic straw has long been used as an entirely closed vitrification system. However, the cooling rate is slower using the 0.25 ml straw than when using the ultra-rapid cooling method, resulting in injury to embryos exposed to a high concentration of cryoprotectant. Recently, a new system has been developed which addresses both the issues of rates of cooling and safeguards against LN2. This paper compares the clinical results of blastocyst vitrification and warming using the conventional 0.25 ml straw method with those of the Rapid-i™ method. The survival rate after warming the group cryopreserved using Rapid-i™ was significantly higher than that of the group of frozen-thawed cryopreserved using the 0.25 ml straw. Moreover, the on-going pregnancy rate after transfer blastocysts into recipients' uteri was higher after cryopreservation with the Rapid-i™ method. These results suggest that the new closed system is safe to use in cryopreservation.
40 Years of Surface Warming in the Northern US Rocky Mountains: Implications for Snowpack Retreat

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The northern US Rocky Mountains are experiencing rapid warming. Combined analysis of Ground Temperature (GT) measurements at two high-fidelity boreholes with Surface Air Temperature (SAT) measurements near Helena Montana spanning the past 40 years indicate the northern US Rockies have warmed on average 0.12°C - 0.32°C/decade since 1975, at least a factor of ~5 higher than the predicted 500-year-average. Warming appears to be accelerating, with warming rates since 2013 4 - 7 times higher than the 40 year average. Though uncertainty exists, the most significant GT warming appears to occur at higher elevation. Warming estimates are consistent with modelling predictions, snowpack observations, and stream temperature studies, all suggesting rapid surface temperature change in this region during the past ~40 years. The analysis indicates GT warming measured at remote borehole sites is slightly lower than regional SAT measurements collected near urban environments. We associate the discrepancy between GT/SAT measurements to both anthropogenic effects (urban development) that increase warming at the nearest SAT measurement station and a 14-year period of anomalously low snowfall that reduces surface insulation and GT warming. Using a derived average forty-year surface warming rate of 0.22°C/ decade and regional temperature-elevation trends, we calculate that the elevation of the winter freeze line during the three coldest months of the year (December, January, and February) in the northern US Rocky Mountains is retreating upward, on average, 33 m/decade. This implies a 21% reduction in freeze-line area since 1974. If this trend continues, we estimate that within the next 40 years (by 2060), the total area where ground freeze occurs during the three coldest months of the year will be ~60% of 1974 values. Since GT measurements indicate accelerated warming, this may be an underestimate. The analysis has important implications for the snowpack-water budget for Montana and the northern US Rocky Mountains.
Shall we ever meet; does it matter: unfreezing the constructs of virtual team effectiveness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Virtual team has gained significant research attention world over due to its potential to reduce cost and increase productivity. The present study develops a multidimensional virtual team effectiveness scale to measure virtual team members' perceived level of performance. The scale considers virtual team effectiveness as a multidimensional second order construct comprising goal orientation, interdependency, knowledge sharing, empowerment and preparedness. The scale can be used to assess virtual teams' perception towards team performance or effectiveness. Such information would help in formulating strategies on what should be the structure and characteristics of the virtual team and what values can be inculcated on teams before task allotment.
A Novel Microbisporicin Producer Identified by Early Dereplication during Lantibiotic Screening

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

With the increasing need of effective antibiotics against multi-drug resistant pathogens, lantibiotics are an attractive option of a new class of molecules. They are ribosomally synthetized and posttranslationally modified peptides possessing potent antimicrobial activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive pathogens, including those increasingly resistant to β -lactams and glycopeptides. Some of them (actagardine, mersacidin, planosporicin, and microbisporicin) inhibit cell wall biosynthesis in pathogens and their effect is not antagonized by vancomycin. Hereby, we apply an efficient strategy for lantibiotic screening to 240 members of a newly described genus of filamentous actinomycetes, named Actinoallomurus , that is considered a yet-poorly-exploited promising source for novel bioactive metabolites. By combining antimicrobial differential assay against Staphylococcus aureus and its L-form (also in the presence of a β -lactamase cocktail or Ac-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine tripeptide), with LC-UV-MS dereplication coupled with bioautography, a novel producer of the potent microbisporicin complex was rapidly identified. Under the commercial name of NAI-107, it is currently in late preclinical phase for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a lantibiotic produced by an Actinoallomurus sp. and on a microbisporicin producer not belonging to the Microbispora genus.
Effects of Retinoids on the Cyclic AMP System of Pig Skin Epidermis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although retinoids r e veal various biologic and biochemical activities on epidermal kera tinocy tes, their effects on the epidermal cyclic AMP (cAMP) system h as been less well characterized. In orde r to eluc idate the r elation be tween them , an in vitro pig s kin-slice incubation sys t e m was employed. After a long-term (up to 2 4 h) incuba tion in vitro , control skin responded to epinephrine only slightly. The addition of Ro 10-1670, an a ctive derivative of Ro 10-9359 (etretinate) in the incubation medium, resulted in an increase of the betaadrenergic adenylate cyclase respons e of epide rmis. On the other hand, histamine-induced cAMP accumulation was decreased by the retinoid treatment after long-term incuba tion. The augmentation of the beta-adrenergic r e$ponse was observed at 1 J.LM concentration and the maximal e ffect w as observed at 10 J.LM. There was no significant differ e nce in cAMP phosphodieste rase activities between the control and retinoid-treated skin. T h e effect was a lso observed by t h e addition of all-trans r etinoic acid, r etinol, and Ro 10-935 9; the la tter two compounds r evealed much lesser effects. The addition of combinations of various drugs (Ro 10-1670 and hydrocortisone ; Ro 10-1670 a nd colchicine) resulted in more marked (additive or synergistic) e ffects than the s ingle a ddition of each chemical. On the other hand, the addit ion of Ro 10-1670 and all-trans-re tinoic acid resulted in ne ithe r addit ive nor sy ne rgistic effect, suggesting that they probably work on the same site. Our data indicate that th e epide rmal be ta-adrenergic ade ny la te cyclase response is modulated by retinoids probably as a n inde pendent mech a nism s timulated by glucocorticoids or colchicine .
A Comparative Study between Modern Welfare State and Islamic State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The state is a politically organized people of a definite territory. The political system is the authentic, order maintaining or transforming system in the society. A welfare state is a concept of government in which the state protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizen. It also provides benefits based on the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, the rule of justice and equality for a good life. The aim of this paper is to explore the definition, principles, features and comparison between a modern welfare state and an Islamic welfare state. Without the rule of law and justice, a balanced financial system, the state can’t become properly welfare state and provide to its citizen fundamental rights. Lack of this essential law and order the world's richest countries have failed to reduce the poverty, unemployment and inequality from the society. Although they have been committed to provide its citizens basic needs every spare of life. So, the welfare state needs virtuous citizens. There cannot be a virtuous citizen anywhere else except in an ideal state. In the modern state, there is no permanent standard or principle for diverse between good and bad, right and wrong. Such rules can only be found in Islam. To make the law of Islam the law of the land in order that justice may prevail; to arrange social and economic relations in such a way that every individual shall live in freedom and dignity. Moreover, Islam demands a society that is righteous not only in its moral outlook, but in its deeds as well. So, this paper highlights the principle of a welfare state in a methodical waly according to Islamic Shariah.
Influence of Ca3(PO4)2 on the Surface Morphology and Properties of a CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe2O3-Based High Temperature Phase Reconstructed Complex

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a glaze slurry was prepared with different contents of tricalcium phosphate. It was then applied to a fly ash microcrystalline ceramic billet and sintered at 1180 °C for 30 min to prepare the complex. The aim was to obtain a high value-added application of fly ash in order to reduce environmental pollution. The study systematically investigated the influence of the Ca3(PO4)2 content on the crystal phase evolution, physical-mechanical properties, and micro-morphology of the complex. The results showed that products sintered at 1180 °C with 8 wt% Ca3(PO4)2 demonstrated better performance, with a water absorption of 0.03% and a Vickers microhardness of 6.5 GPa. Additionally, the study observed a strong correlation between the Ca3(PO4)2 content and the opacity effect. A feasible opacity mechanism was also proposed to explain the variation of glaze colors and patterns with different contents of Ca3(PO4)2.
Detection of 16S rRNA Methylase Genes Which Mediated High Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides among Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Animals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The epidemiology of 16S rRNA methylase genes(armA,rmtA,rmtB,rmtC,rmtD and npmA) which mediated the high level resistance to aminoglycosides among Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals in Zhengzhou was investigated.Two hundred and thirty-one Escherichia coli strains were isolated from chickens,pigs and dogs in 2009.Antibacterial susceptibility determinations were performed and six types of 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected by PCR.The results indicated that among six types of 16S rRNA methylase genes,armA and rmtB were detected in Escherichia coli strains isolated from chickens and dogs,while only rmtB was detected in Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs.The positive rates of armA among these Escherichia coli strains in chickens and dogs were 7.6% and 3.3%,respectively,while those of rmtB among these E.coli strains in chickens,dogs and pigs were 47.8%,20.0% and 0.9%,respectively.The concurrence rates of armA and rmtB in E.coli strains in chickens and dogs were both 3.3%.This suggested that the positive rate of 16S rRNA methylase genes among E.coli strains isolated from chickens was relatively higher in Zhengzhou,the gene rmtB was dominant among six genes.
Optimization of losses by switching to higher voltage in distribution networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The article considers the basis of scientific research in the field of electric power industry the issues of transition to 20 kV voltage in the distribution power grids of Uzbekistan. The main advantages of this method are analysed, as well as the factors affecting power and energy losses in electrical systems and networks. The paper presents a schematic diagram of an electric network section, on which a comparative calculation and analysis of voltage, energy and power losses in 6/10/20 kV networks is carried out. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of calculation of these parameters, as well as the basic expressions for their calculation and the resulting graphical relationships. From the analysis it can be concluded that it is reasonable to use 20 kV voltage in distribution networks. It allows to reduce power and energy losses, which is an important factor in the efficient operation of electric power systems, to increase line capacity and service range. However, when selecting the optimal voltage for certain conditions, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, such as the length of transmission lines, the type of wires and transformers used, and the load level of the network.
Direct Fiber‐Reinforced Interim Fixed Partial Dentures: Six‐Year Survival Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Mechanical and optical studies of glass fiber composites have revealed great resistance and satisfactory bonds between the glass fibers and composite resins. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term survival of anterior and posterior direct glass fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC) fixed partial dentures (FPD). Materials and Methods Twenty‐three patients (9 men, 14 women) aged 18 to 67 received 23 d‐FRC‐FPDs. The frameworks of the FPDs were unidirectional pre‐impregnated glass fibers (ever Stick C&B). The retainers were inlay composite resin retainers (n1 = 19) and composite resin wings (n2 = 4). The FPD that used inlay retainers and composite resin wing retainers was called the hybrid design. The mean follow‐up period was 4.91 years with 12‐month check‐ups performed by two independent operators. The survival rates of the glass fiber FPDs were determined. Results Six‐year survival rates for the two types of FPDs were 94.7% for the inlay retainer type versus 25% for the hybrid type, with a statistically significant difference (log‐rank test χ 2 (1) = 11.422, p = 0.001). The inlay retainers were functional, with only one patient with a fracture line in the connector held by the glass fibers. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were drawn to show the difference between the two types of retainers. Conclusion According to the results of this study, these long‐term interim FRC‐FPD were resistant enough to allow mastication, minimally invasive and also esthetic, with inlay composite retainers as the better solution.
Exercise boosts immunity--up to a point

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Regular moderate exercise can reduce the risk of falling prey to upper respiratory tract infections, says Mike Gleason, professor of exercise biochemistry at the University of Loughborough. But don’t expect that more strenuous or prolonged exercise, such as running a marathon, will compound this benefit. On the contrary, he says, it’s more likely to increase susceptibility to colds and sore throats.

Speaking on 6 January at the Association for Science Education’s annual conference in Liverpool, …
SiGe transformer matched power amplifier for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a transformer matched power amplifier for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies is presented. The SiGe single-stage push-pull amplifier uses a stacked transformer above a ground shield for output matching. The millimeter-wave transformer has a high coupling factor k = 0.8 and provides a very compact circuit layout. At 61.5 GHz the class-AB biased amplifier achieves a power gain of 12 dB with 8.5 dBm output power at a 1 dB compression. The saturated output power was measured up to P/sub sat/ = 14 dBm with a maximum PAE of 4.2%.
Investigation of coded excitation in advanced synthetic aperture technique for ultrasound imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Encoding techniques can be used to improve image quality in ultrasound imaging modality. Binary orthogonal codes, such as Hadamard codes, have been used for its relative ease of implementation in ultrasound systems. However, it requires symmetrically inverted pulse and the traditional pulse (i.e., -1 and 1) to be transmitted alongside each other. S-sequence, a variant of Hadamard code, has been used to overcome this limitation as it is made up of 0 's and 1 's making its implementation more practical. However, S-sequence has been previously applied only to synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging, which has limitations in frame rate and image quality at depth. Here, we explore diverging waves with virtual source encoding using S-sequence and observe improved axial and lateral resolution even at higher frame rates.
Syntactic priming of noun phrases in children : investigating susceptibility to preferred and dispreferred structures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

I would like to acknowledge a number of people’s assistance in the completion of this project: Firstly all the experimentees for whose involvement I am, obviously, very grateful: the children and staff at the Uni-Tots Nursery and the University’s Day Nursery whose participation and co-operation was very much appreciated, as was that of all the adults who volunteered to take part in the experiment for no other gain than a bar of chocolate and the satisfaction of having helped a fellow student. I particularly appreciated the assistance of various members of staff and students in the Linguistics and Psychology departments whom I plagued for help with many things from booking rooms and audio equipment to running statistics tests. Thanks of course go to my supervisor, Dr Holly Branigan, for the support and advice that she gave. I was able to undertake this course and project thanks to an award from the Economic and
γ Radiolysis of Liquids at High Pressures. VIII. Primary Yields at 8.7 kbar and Reactions of the Hydrated Electron with H2O and H3O+

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Pressure invariance of the primary yields of water radiolysis (previously established for pressures up to 6.4 kbar) was shown to extend to 8.7 kbar in γ radiolysis of both neutral and 0.8N H2SO4 solutions. G(H2) was measured in γ radiolysis of the following deaerated solutions at 25° and pressures in the range 0–8.85 kbar: (a) 3 × 10−5M NaNO3 and 0.05M glucose (slightly alkaline); (b) 10−3M NaNO3, 2.3 × 10−4M HClO4, and 0.05M glucose. In solution (a) G(H2) is determined by a competition for eaq− between the diffusion-controlled Reaction [3], eaq−+NO3−→no H or H2, and Reaction [1], eaq−+H2O→H+OH−. In solution (b) the competition is between Reactions [3] and [2], eaq−+H3O+→H+H2O. All H are converted to H2 by reaction with glucose. With the assumption that pressure dependence of k3 is determined approximately by that of water viscosity, kinetic analysis of the results gives ΔV1‡ = − 14.3 ml mole−1 and ΔV2‡ ≈ 0 ml mole−1. From the value of ΔV2‡, the absolute partial molal volume of eaq− (based on a value of −5.4 ml mole−1 for H+) is estimated to be in the range 0–11.3 ml mole−1. With an estimated electrostriction contribution of −3 ml mole−1, the electron cavity volume is in the range 3–14 ml mole−1, as compared to about 100 ml mole−1 in liquid ammonia.