jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transformer efficiency and de-rating evaluation with non-sinusoidal loads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy efficiency with all its various aspects has been taken into consideration as the resources are diminishing at various rates. Improving the equipment efficiency is one of the major steps to get closer to ideal efficient use of energy in electric power systems. In this regard, transformer efficiency in distribution networks has been crucially studied over past decade. Advantages and disadvantages of various types of lamps including incandescent, fluorescent, Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and Light Emitted Diode (LED) from energy point of view have been debated quite effectively in the literature. Since the power utilities and their customers are showing an increased concern about the energy efficiency and power quality aspects, there are some mixed feelings towards recently introduced lamps. In this regard, harmonic distortion level initiated by extensive use of harmonic-generating lamps is considered. Vital electric characteristics of four lamp types will be explored. Then, transformer de-rating under non-sinusoidal condition from standard point of view is investigated. By using power quality analyzer, current harmonic levels generated by the abovementioned lamps are measured. Calculation and simulation of transformer loading while using each light as transformer load is performed, and finally effects of lamps on transformer de-rating is compared.
Multi-Hop-Aware Cooperative Relaying

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We address the drawbacks of cooperative relaying regarding its spectral inefficiency and its channel over reservation compared to direct transmissions. We propose to exploit routing information in cooperative relaying to reduce these disadvantages. In this paper we present a complete system design of multi-hop-aware cooperative relaying and investigate different relay selection policies for it. Performance tests indicate that it significantly outperforms hop-by-hop cooperative relaying in terms of throughput.
RURAL MIGRANT WORKERS’ AGENCY IN CAPITALIST PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China’s recent economic success largely depends on making more than 100 million rural migrants work in the “world’s factory”. This dissertation investigates why rural migrants work in factories under unappealing conditions from their subjective perspectives. While the literature emphasizes state repression and factory management control, this dissertation proposes that rural migrant workers approach factory work through complicated agency, with agency being defined as the ideas, thoughts, considerations, perceptions, and plans that rural migrant workers bring to factory work. Based on ten months of ethnography in two small manufacturing factories in East China that hired approximately 160 rural migrant workers, this dissertation discusses how the rural migrant workers participated in factory production with thoughts and values that had developed from various sources in their general social lives. The findings have implications for studying and theorizing capital-labor relations in particular and power relations involving domination and exploitation in general.
Investigations on Distribution, Occurrence and Threats of <i>Varanus griseus caspius</i> (Eichwald, 1831) at the North-Eastern Periphery of its Geographical Range (Kazakhstan)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies in 2008 – 2016 clarified the northeastern border of the range of the subspecies Varanus griseus caspius (Eichwald, 1831) within Kazakhstan territory and provided the data on its occurrence. New data showed that the monitor is wide-spread in more eastern regions than it was known previously, reaching as far as Saryagash town (Southern Kazakhstan Region). At the north-eastern periphery of its geographical range, desert monitor inhabits turfed hilly sands, foothill steppes, gullies and residual mountains. Occurrence on road surveys was 0.02 – 0.1 spec./km, and 0.3 – 1.3 spec./km on walking routes. The major threats to the desert monitor in Kazakhstan is a direct destruction by humans. Between 2008 and 2016, in total, we encountered 28 dead specimens on the road. The interviews showed that near shepherds’ houses in Kyzylkum Desert about one to two desert monitors are killed every year. For the first time for Kazakhstan has been obtained information about illegal hunting of V. griseus for alternative medicine purposes. The organization of specially protected natural areas on territories most favorable for desert monitor, alongside with systematic advocacy of their protection among the local population are recommended.
Preparation of Polycrystalline Ferrimagnetic Garnet Materials for Microwave Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A simple chemical method is described for preparing high density, polycrystalline, magnetic garnets suitable for microwave applications, having the formula 3M2O3·5Fe2O3, where M is a rare earth from Sm to Lu, or yttrium. The effect on the dielectric loss of small deviations from the ideal M:Fe composition was investigated, and it was found that, in contrast to ferrites having the spinel structure a small deficiency of iron gives rise to a considerable increase in the loss. The loss tangents for stoichiometric samples were of the order of 0.002 at 20 mc. The effect of porosity on the ferrimagnetic resonance line width was investigated in several samples of the yttrium garnet and it was found that the observed variation could be accounted for almost entirely by Schlömann's theory of pore broadening, with only a small contribution from anisotropy. The narrowest line observed at room temperature, on a sample having 96% of the theoretical x-ray density, was 50 oersteds. The trend of the results indicated that a 100% dense sample should have a line width of about one-half this value.
Australian Special Education: Issues of the Eighties Directions for the Nineties

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last decade, the 1980s, we have witnessed the consolidation and maturing of Special Education, a far cry from the post-Karmel era which saw a frantic rush to expand Australian Special Education, particularly in the area of teacher preparation. It is an appropriate time to review some of the key topics and issues which have shaped Special Education in Australia in the last decade and it should be a useful exercise, on the basis of mat review, to make recommendations for the next decade.
Honeycomb Distribution Networks: Concept and Central Features

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To reach the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutralization", the future distribution network will be upgraded with plenty of new elements access, such as distributed generation, electric heat pump, and electric vehicles. The morphology of "honeycomb" will be an efficient way to solve the security, high-efficiency, intelligence and environmental friendliness issues of future distribution network. Honeycomb topology means that the network is flexible interconnected by multi self-similar units. The origin and merits of honeycomb topology in distribution network are analyzed. The concept of the honeycomb distribution network is proposed. Three central features of honeycomb distribution network are clarified, which are regional autonomy and hierarchical clustering operation, multi-interface and modular design, generalized flexibility of nodes and branches.
Developing partnerships in social work education in Britain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contents:\nListening to Messages from the First Line: Child welfare on the eve of the twenty first century: what have we learned, Sven Hessle; Changing the face of child welfare: perspectives from the field, Joan Gilroy; Efforts at empowering youth: youth-in-care and the youth-in-care networks in Ontario and Canada, Susan Strega. Building Family and Community Supports: The focus on family when children are at risk: Swedish policy in practice, Sven Hessle with Sölvie Eriksson, Mia Garphult, Berit Jernberg, Gunilla Levin and Petra Wils; The "wraparound" process: strength-based practice, Ralph A. Brown and Andrew Debicki; From case and client to citizen: an innovation in child welfare practice, Judy Burgess, Riley Hern and Brian Wharf. Children on the Move: Unaccompanied and asylum-seeking children encounter Sweden, Marie Hessle; Offering relief to unaccompanied asylum-seekers in Holland, Yvonne Aronson, Ab Bobbink, Peter Ernen, Johan van der Have and Ria Wijnen. Valuing Diversity in Child Welfare Communities: Tackling racism in everyday realities: a task for social workers, Lena Dominelli; A first nations’ experience in first nations child welfare services, Audrey Hill; It takes a village: building networks of support for African Nova Scotian families and children, Wanda Thomas Bernard and Candace Bernard. Valuing the Field in Social Work Education: Developing partnerships in social work education in Britain, Sally Richards, Kish Bhatti-Sinclair, Wendy Borrill, Lena Dominelli and Julia Waldman. Conclusion: Valuing the field: lessons from innovation, Marilyn Callahan. Bibliography; Index.
PRIMITIVE MIMOSOID FLOWERS FROM THE PALEOCENE‐EOCENE AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Compressed mimosoid inflorescences from a Paleocene‐Eocene boundary locality in western Tennessee are the earliest fossil evidence of the subfamily. The discovery confirms the antiquity of a suite of characters that has been considered primitive based on the comparative morphology of modern mimosoids. The fossil characters are also consistent with the suggested close relationship (ancestral or sister group) between the subfamily Mimosoideae and the Dimorphandra group of the tribe Caesalpinieae (subfamily Caesalpinioideae). These flowers show little change in morphology or size in the basal to Upper Eocene interval.
Practical Techniques to Enhance the Safety of Health Care Workers in Office-Based Surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Office-based surgery is commonly practiced in different specialties for a variety of procedures. During these procedures, the health care worker (HCW) is exposed to a large number of pathogens that can be bloodborne, including the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These pathogens can be transmitted through needlesticks or sharp injuries to intact skin or by backsplash of contaminated body fluids onto mucous membranes or injured skin. Objectives and Conclusions: This article reviews the published techniques designed to protect the HCW from such hazards. These techniques are classified into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. Preoperative measures include general protective measures, organization of the surgical field, and consideration of alternative treatments in high-risk patients. Intraoperative techniques deal with safe handling and transferring of sharp instruments, working without using sharps, and protection from backspray injuries. Postoperative measures address proper disposal of used sharps.
Avoidance of biological contaminants through sight, smell and touch in chimpanzees

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Avoiding biological contaminants is a well-known manifestation of the adaptive system of disgust. In theory, animals evolved with such a system to prevent pathogen and parasite infection. Bodily products are human-universal disgust elicitors, but whether they also elicit avoidance behaviour in non-human primates has yet to be tested. Here, we report experimental evidence that potential exposure to biological contaminants (faeces, blood, semen), as perceived via multiple sensory modalities (visual, olfactory, tactile), might influence feeding decisions in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes troglodytes )—our closest phylogenetic relatives. Although somewhat mixed, our results do show increased latencies to feed, tendencies to maintain greater distances from contaminants and/or outright refusals to consume food in test versus control conditions. Overall, these findings are consistent with the parasite avoidance theory of disgust, although the presence of biological contaminants did not preclude feeding entirely. The avoidance behaviours observed hint at the origins of disgust in humans, and further comparative research is now needed.
Preventive and Curative Effects of Atriplex Halimus L. Aqueous Extract on Benzene Provoked Hepatic Injury in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The present study was designed to estimate the preventive and curative potency of aqueous extract of Atriplex halimus L. (Ah) aerial parts against benzene (BZ) intoxication in liver rats. Methods: 30 male albino rats were divided into five groups of 6 rats each: Control, Ah, BZ, AhP+BZ, and BZ+AhC. BZ (100 mg/kg b.w) was added in drinking water for 15 weeks. Aqueous extract of Atriplex halimus was received intragastrically during the last 30 days of BZ exposure for curative treatment (AhC) and all the duration of BZ exposure for preventive treatment (AhP). At the end the experiment, body weight gain and relative liver weight were estimated and liver enzyme markers (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) were analysed by spectrophotometry. Histopathological studies on hepatic tissue were also performed by the method of Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Results: Benzene administrated to rats caused an alteration in physiological parameters (body and organs weigh) and hepatic enzymes markers (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH). In addition, Histopathological studies showed a massive degeneration in liver tissue in BZ-exposed rats. However, treatment by Atriplex halimus especially preventive effect ameliorated most of the adverse effects induced by benzene. Ah restored the altered of physiological, biochemical and histopathological changes. Conclusion: The present study suggests that Atriplex halimus extract could be a substantially promising hepatoprotective agent against benzene toxic effects and may be against other hepatotoxic chemical or drugs. Keywords: Atriplex halimus, Benzene, hepatotoxicity, Rats.
The Soft X-Ray Afterglow of Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Stringent Test for the Fireball Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I consider the recent discovery of a soft X-ray source inside the error box\nof the gamma ray burst GB 960720 by the SAX, ASCA and ROSAT satellites, in\nterms of the fireball model. I show that the ejecta shell, which, after causing\nthe burst is cold and dense, but still relativistic, keeps plowing through the\ninterstellar medium, heating up the just-shocked matter which then emits\nX-rays. I compute the radiation emitted by this matter. I show that, up to\nabout two months after the burst, in the cosmological scenario a soft X-ray\n(0.1-10 keV) flux of at least 10^(-13) erg / s cm^2, well within current\nobservational capabilities, is generated, explaining the observations of the\nthree satellites. Instead, in the Galactic Halo scenario a flux 3 orders of\nmagnitude lower is expected. Detection of this non-thermal, declining flux in a\nstatistically significant number of objects would simultaneously establish the\nfireball model and the cosmological nature of gamma ray bursts.\n
Class, States and International Relations: A critical appraisal of Robert Cox and neo-Gramscian theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book provides an outline and a critique of neo-Gramscian international relations theory, from a Marxist perspective.
Focusing on the pioneering work of Robert Cox, but also drawing on the wider neo-Gramscian literature, this book presents a comprehensive account of neo-Gramscian international relations theory. It highlights the neo-Gramscian critique of mainstream Realist theory and the theoretical innovations that resulted from the mobilisation of Gramsci’s ideas and Cox’s emphasis on the social forces underpinning forms of state and world orders. The author explains how this is especially relevant in the current period of war and crisis, when the international dimensions of social existence continue to exercise a major influence over ‘domestic’ politics and economics, and when the interest in Marxism can be expected to grow. The book continues to provide a critique of the neo-Gramscians and of what the author argues is their one-sided reading of Gramsci. Placing coercion at the centre of a mode of production analysis of world order, the author elaborates a Marxist alternative to neo-Gramscianism that provides more robust explanations of world order dynamics and change.
Using a combination of IR theory and historical explanation, including of contemporary world order dynamics and US power, this book will appeal to both students and scholars of International Relations, international studies, and international history.
The galatic and LMC extreme line supergiants compared: IUE observations of the Henize-Carlson and Zoo star samples of massive supergiants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Henize-Carlson sample of galactic massive supergiants, and a comparison between the Galactic and LMC samples are discussed. Several of the stars, notably He3-395 and S 127/LMC, have very similar shell characteristics. There appears to be little difference, other than luminosity, between the LMC and Galactic samples. One star, He3-1482, was detected with the Very Large Array at 6 cm. The UV data is combined with IRAS and optical information.
Topological Zero Modes in Non-Hermitian Topolectrical Systems: Size and Impedance Control

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the size-dependent behavior of topological zero modes (TZMs) in finite non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains implemented on a topolectrical circuit platform. By deriving exact analytical solutions for the eigenenergies and band gaps of TZMs, we reveal their sensitivity to system size and non-Hermitian parameters, such as asymmetric coupling and onsite gain or loss. Our results show that non-Hermiticity enables the recovery of exactly zero-energy TZMs at a critical system size, unlike Hermitian systems where finite-size effects cause energy splitting. These zero-energy modes produce pronounced impedance peaks in the circuit's admittance spectrum, providing a measurable signature of topological states. Additionally, a tunable grounding capacitor enables precise control of TZM energies at a fixed resonance frequency, enhancing practical tunability. Our findings offer insights into finite-size effects in non-Hermitian topological systems and guide the design of robust, reconfigurable topolectrical circuits for sensing and energy transfer applications.
Abilities Measured by the Purdue Elementary Problem-Solving Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Data from the Purdue Elementary Problem-Solving Inventory for 364 second-graders were analyzed. The inventory was designed to assess 12 distinct problem-solving skills. A principal axis factor solution with varimax and then oblique rotations was computed from tetrachoric item intercorrelations. 6 psychologically interpretable factors emerged. These 6 factors corresponded to 6 of the hypothesized 12 component abilities involved in the test. Items representative of these factors appeared to assess the ability to sense that a problem exists, define the problem specifically, notice details, see implications, make remote associations, and select the best solution to a problem.
Comparative study of paclitaxel physically encapsulated in and chemically conjugated with PEG‐PLA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Paclitaxel‐loaded poly(ethylene glycol)‐ b ‐poly( l ‐lactide (LA)) (PEG‐PLA) micelles were prepared by two methods. One is physical encapsulation of paclitaxel in micelles composed of a PEG‐PLA block copolymer and the other is based on a PEG‐PLA–paclitaxel conjugate, abbreviated as “conjugate micelles”. Their physicochemical characteristics, e.g. critical micelle concentration (CMC), morphology, and micelle size distribution were then evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results show that the CMC of PEG‐PLA–paclitaxel and PEG‐PLA are 6.31 × 10 −4 and 1.78 × 10 −3 g L −1 , respectively. Both micelles assume a spherical shape with comparable diameters and have unimodal size distribution. Moreover, invitro drug delivery behavior was studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antitumor activity of the paclitaxel‐loaded micelles against human liver cancer H7402 cells was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The conjugate micelles show a lower burst release during the initial stage and higher accumulative release amount of paclitaxel after a period of time while the encapsulated ones behave in the opposite way. Both the paclitaxel‐loaded micelles showed comparable anticancer efficacy with the free drug. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The LTB4–BLT1 axis regulates the polarized trafficking of chemoattractant GPCRs during neutrophil chemotaxis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Neutrophils sense and respond to diverse chemotactic cues through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the precise trafficking dynamics of chemoattractant GPCRs during neutrophil activation and chemotaxis remain unclear. Here, by using small-molecule inhibitors and CRISPR-based knockouts, we establish that two primary chemoattractant GPCRs – formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and complement component 5a (C5a) receptor 1 (C5aR1) – internalize in a CDC42–actin-dependent manner. Through live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that, upon stimulation, FPR1 rapidly clusters and re-distributes along the plasma membrane to the trailing edge, where it internalizes and is directionally trafficked towards the front of migrating primary human neutrophils. In contrast to FPR1 and C5aR1, the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLT1, also known as LTB4R), which relays LTB4 signals in response to primary chemoattractants during neutrophil chemotaxis, fails to internalize upon physiological stimulation with LTB4, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) or C5a. Importantly, we report that blocking the LTB4–BLT1 axis or downstream myosin activation enhances the internalization of FPR1 and C5aR1, thus reducing downstream signaling and impairing chemotaxis to primary chemoattractants. The polarized trafficking of chemoattractant GPCRs and its regulation by the BLT1-mediated myosin activation therefore drives persistent chemotactic signaling in neutrophils. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Repetition Suppression in Visual and Auditory Modalities Affects the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sound-induced flash illusion (SiFI) refers to the illusion that the number of visual flashes is equal to the number of auditory sounds when the visual flashes are accompanied by an unequal number of auditory sounds presented within 100 ms. The effect of repetition suppression (RS), an adaptive effect caused by stimulus repetition, upon the SiFI has not been investigated. Based on the classic SiFI paradigm, the present study investigated whether RS would affect the SiFI differently by adding preceding stimuli in visual and auditory modalities prior to the appearance of audiovisual stimuli. The results showed the auditory RS effect on the SiFI varied with the number of preceding auditory stimuli. The hit rate was higher with two preceding auditory stimuli than one preceding auditory stimulus in fission illusion, but it did not affect the size of the fusion illusion. However, the visual RS had no effect on the size of the fission and fusion illusions. The present study suggested that RS could affect the SiFI, indicating that the RS effect in different modalities would differentially affect the magnitude of the SiFI. In the process of multisensory integration, the visual and auditory modalities had asymmetrical RS effects.