jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Doping and Drug Use in Elite Sports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Determining the prevalence of sensitive issues, such as doping or drug use, is problematic, since conventional questioning techniques result in a more or less large amount of unreported false negative responses. PURPOSE: To estimate the dark figure of doping and drug use in elite athletes using the Randomized Response Technique (RRT) developed by Warner. METHODS: RRT allows the subject to respond (yes/no) to two questions (one sensitive and one innocuous question) in a direct interview without the examiner knowing which question the subject is actually answering. The question the subject must actually answer is determined using a randomized procedure. Taking all answers together, one can determine the percentage of positive answers to sensitive questions by analyzing the statistical probability of answering the innocuous question with yes or no and the probability of having answered the sensitive question. A total of n=480 elite athletes who are subject to the anti-doping rules of the World Anti-Doping Agency were interviewed in this way. RESULTS: RRT yielded a prevalence of 6.8% for the use of doping substances, and 8.8% for the use of illicit drugs. In comparison to studies using anonymous questionnaires, the use of RRT yielded a distinctly higher prevalence of doping, yet an only marginally higher prevalence of illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Surveys of people active in fitness centers showed a considerably higher prevalence of drug use, whereas RRT and use of an anonymous questionnaire showed nearly identical results for the prevalence of doping. Comparing these results with those of the current study suggests that the number the unknown cases for each variable seem to depend on the subpopulation in question. This realization could be of great importance in the planning and also in the implementation of prevention programs.
The psychometric properties of the communicative competence scale for individuals with Aphasia using speech-generating devices

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND : Persons with aphasia (PWA) use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems to access and create symbol-based messages. The purpose of this study was to (a) investigate the psychometric properties of the newly developed Communicative Competence Scale (CCS), and (b) to determine if any factors, or subcategories, exist within each scale of the scale. The CCS aims to assess the competence of PWA using AAC. AIMS : Respondents were 55 undergraduate and graduate speech-language pathology students. The students were recruited to test the statistical properties of the CCS and Conversational Skills Rating Scale (CSRS). Prior to completing both instruments, respondents watched two videos of a PWA communicating with a speech-generating device. The messages were displayed using a grid display in one video and a scene display in the other. MAIN CONTRIBUTION : Concurrent validity was established between the CCS and the CSRS, and a moderate correlation was found. Reliability Coefficients revealed that the CCS and the CSRS had acceptable levels of internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed factor loadings or subordinate categories within the CCS and CSRS that were consistent with previous research. CONCLUSIONS : The CCS was found to be an internally consistent, reliable, and valid measure of perceived communicative competence of PWA using aided AAC. Clinical implications are discussed.
A Five-Year Study of Cicatricial Entropion at Kirana Eye Hospital: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Cicatricial entropion is an inward turning of eyelid margin caused by scarring tissue of the posterior lamella. The chronic damage of cicatricial entropion can irritate the ocular surface and harm the cornea. Proper reconstructive surgery techniques are needed to prevent further damage and visual impairment. This retrospective study was done to evaluate the clinical characteristics of cicatricial entropion and surgical outcomes to repair entropion at Kirana Eye Hospital, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: Records of all patients with cicatricial entropion who underwent surgical repair between January 2012 and December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Variables include basic and clinical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were recorded and analysed. Results: A hundred and twenty-two eyelids from 79 patients were included. Of those patients, 57% were female with mean age 51.4 years old. The laterality tendency is bilateral in 43 patients (54.4%). The most common initial complaints were foreign body sensation (35.4%). Cicatricial entropion is most commonly found on the upper eyelid (97.5%) with moderate severity. The majority of etiology is unknown but referred to chronic ocular surface inflammation in 51 eyelids (64.6%). Combined procedures were performed in most of the eyelids (79.5%). Conclusion: It is imperative that combined procedures be carried out in a moderate-severe degree cicatricial entropion. In our current study, recurrence mostly happen in patients suffering from Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
6.4.4 Investigations on the sine fitting algorithm in the Planck-Balance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Planck-Balance is a table-top version of a Kibble balance.In contrast to many other Kibble balances, the Planck-Balance generates an ac (sinusoidal) rather than a dc signal in the dynamic mode.A linear sine fitting algorithm is applied to estimate the amplitudes of the induced voltage and the coil motion, which determine the force factor Bl of the voice coil of the electromagnetic force compensated balance.Different sine fitting algorithms are compared in terms of harmonic distortion, additive Gaussian noise and non-coherent sampling.The biases and uncertainties associated with the estimated Bl are also compared by numerical simulations.
An expert system for pattern recognition based on features and knowledge

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An expert system for pattern recognition based on features and knowledge is realized, and the theoretical and practical problems involved are discussed. The system, designed for analysis of geological patterns, has two novel characteristics. First, the system uses both features and knowledge for its analysis; there is some interaction between the two types of data. Secondly, the control strategy is based on an incomplete-reasoning and regression thinking model. The system is realized and proved to be effective.< >
Accurate and efficient computation of the Boltzmann equation for Kramer's problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a novel synthetic iteration scheme (SIS) is developed for the LBE to find solutions to Kramer's problem accurately and efficiently: the velocity distribution function is first solved by the conventional iterative scheme, then it is modified such that in each iteration i) the flow velocity is guided by an ordinary differential equation that is asymptotic-preserving at the Navier-Stokes limit and ii) the shear stress is equal to the average shear stress. Based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model, the SIS is assessed to be efficient and accurate. Then we investigate the Kramer's problem for gases interacting through the inverse power-law, shielded Coulomb, and Lennard-Jones potentials, subject to diffuse-specular and Cercignani-Lampis gas-surface boundary conditions. When the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) is not larger than one, the Knudsen layer function is strongly affected by the potential, where its value and width increase with the effective viscosity index of gas molecules. Moreover, the Knudsen layer function exhibits similarities among different values of TMAC when the intermolecular potential is fixed. For Cercignani-Lampis boundary condition with TMAC larger than one, both the viscous slip coefficient and Knudsen layer function are affected by the intermolecular potential, especially when the "backward" scattering limit is approached. With the asymptotic theory by Jiang and Luo for the singular behavior of the velocity gradient in the vicinity of the solid surface, we find that the whole Knudsen layer function can be well fitted by power series.
CO2 Reforming of Methane in a Molten Carbonate Salt Bath for Use in Solar Thermochemical Processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CO2 reforming of methane was studied by bubbling a CH4/CO2 mixture in a molten salt bath of alkali-metal carbonate mixture (Na2CO3/K2CO3) containing suspended metal catalyst powder at 1223 K. Ni, Fe, Cu, or W metals, supported on an Al2O3 support, were examined for activity and selectivity. The most active and selective catalyst was the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The methane conversion increased with an increase in the W/F ratio (W = weight of the molten salt bath containing the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, and F = flow rate of CH4/CO2 mixture). About 70% of methane conversion was obtained at a W/F ratio of 0.25 g min cm-3, in which the H2/CO ratio in the product gas was approximately the stoichiometric ratio of one. This technique will be applied to the solar thermochemical methane reforming for converting solar high-temperature heat to chemical fuels, to give stable operations under fluctuation of insolation and thermal uniformity in the solar reformer under concentrated solar irradiation.
Dream Content and Post Traumatic Symptoms in Military Veterans

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This dissertation examined the relationship between dream content and post traumatic stress symptoms in veterans who have served after September 11, 2001. Ten subjects were drawn from a pool of male veterans age 18-30. Subjects had a Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal, Iraq Campaign Medal, or the Afghanistan Campaign Medal. Subjects completed a Dream Rating Scale (DRS) detailing characteristics of their average dream over the past 4 weeks. Subjects were also administered the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Screening and Diagnostic Scale (PSDS). Analysis of the questionnaires concluded that eight of the subjects did not present any significant level of PTSD based on PSDS results. Using a Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the analysis of test results reflected a significant positive correlation between of PTSD symptoms and the presence of Family, Indoor Setting, and Friendliness dream content and a negative correlation between PTSD symptoms and the presence of Familiar Setting dream content. It is concluded that future research should be conducted with larger sample and a larger number of subjects with PTSD.
[Concepts and Treatment Strategies for Somatic Symptom Disorder and Relative Disorders].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Somatic Symptom Disorder is a specific disorder that is extensively defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-5). Although the diagnostic criteria for somatic symptom disorder has archived breakaway from mind-body dualism and simplification for physicians, it remains vague and universally unapplicable. Moreover, despite the DSM-5 removing etiology in diagnosis, there is still a need to determine the etiology for individualized patient treatment. In particular, patients with somatic symptom disorder and relative disorders have psychological pathologies, such as somatization and anxiety about illness, all of which require psychiatric treatment. However, these patients initially visit physicians, not psychiatrists, since their symptoms are somatic, and they are anxious about the possibility of a physical disease. As such, supportive attitude and continuous treatment are important, as they can be performed even without a psychiatric consultation. Furthermore, while the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy is limited for these disorders, psychotherapy has the possibility to bring about a fundamental resolution. Particularly, cognitive behavior therapy or psychoanalytic psychotherapy has been found to be effective; however, they require high motivation and take up much time from the patients. Fortunately, the Morita therapy is especially effective for patients who pay excessive attention to somatic symptoms or are hypochondriacal, which is applicable for outpatients using a comparatively short interview that can even be performed in nonpsychiatric clinical settings.
COVID-19 and Virtual Medical Education: A Correlational Study of Attitudes Towards e- learning, Perceived Stress, and Ethics among Faculty Members of Medical Universities in the Southern Region of Iran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced a rapid shift to virtual education in medical universities, creating challenges for faculty due to a lack of preparedness, ethical concerns, and increased stress. This study examines the relationship between faculty attitudes toward e-learning, perceived stress, and ethical considerations in virtual medical education at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design study with a census sampling was employed to recruit 120 faculty members from Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The faculty members were selected based on pre-established inclusion criteria and recruited between November and March 2023. The participants were provided with a link to the Google Forms questionnaire via their mobile phones, which they used to complete sections on faculty attitudes towards e-learning, perceived stress according to the Cohen scale, and the application of ethics in virtual education. In all cases, a significance level of less than 0.05 was employed. The data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS, version 20. Results: A positive correlation was identified between attitudes toward e-learning and the ethical application of virtual education among faculty members (β = 0.279, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no statistically significant correlation was observed between attitudes toward e-learning and its domains and perceived stress among faculty members (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study found a positive association between faculty attitudes towards e-learning and their ethical application of virtual education, suggesting that positive views on virtual education may lead to better ethical practices. However, no correlation was found between attitudes toward e-learning and perceived stress levels, indicating that positive attitudes do not necessarily mitigate stress. Further research is needed to explore factors contributing to faculty stress in virtual settings and develop strategies to promote positive attitudes and competencies while addressing stress concerns.
Living with Knee Osteoarthritis: The Positive Impact of Reducing the Knee Torque Induced When Sleeping Supine; A Randomised Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When lying supine, due to the reaction force from the mattress acting mostly through the heel, an external knee-extension joint-torque is induced that keeps the knee fully extended. This torque becomes zero if the feet are hung over the end of the support. This study investigated, in patients with knee-osteoarthritis (knee-OA) who routinely sleep supine, whether a change to such a sleeping position would ameliorate the knee pain and associated physical problems they suffer. Patients were recruited (General-Practitioners Centre, UK) over a 9-month period; those eligible (51/70) were randomly allocated to an intervention (65% female; age 71.5 [11.3] yrs; BMI, 29.20 [5.54] kg/m2; knee-OA severity, 20 mild–mod/3 severe) or control group (63% female; age, 68.3 [9.7] yrs; BMI, 28.69 [5.51] kg/m2; knee-OA severity, 17 mild–mod/2 severe). The primary outcome was improvements (0 [worst] to 100 [best]) in knee pain at 3 months and was rated in the Knee-Injury-and-Osteoarthritis-Outcome-Score questionnaire (KOOS). Secondary outcomes were improvements (0–100) in the other four KOOS-subscales. There were no differences between groups in KOOS outcomes at baseline, and there were no changes in KOOS outcomes in the control group at 3 months. Relative to the baseline KOOS values in Knee-Pain (50.1), Symptoms (52.5), Activities-of-Daily-Living (53.8) and Quality-of-Life (31.5), were all seen to improve at 3 months in the intervention group (by between 11.9 and 12.9); however, when comparing to controls, only the improvements in the subscale Activities-of-Daily-Living (which improved by 12.2) were statistically significant. Findings indicate that for those with knee-OA who routinely sleep supine, sleeping with the feet over the end of the mattress (to prevent the knee being pushed into/held in full extension) can help ameliorate the physical problems they suffer.
Industrial agglomeration of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar industrial corridor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Against the problems in developing the industrial agglomeration of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor Zone,comparative analysis is made to study the factors which restrict the formation of industrial agglomeration,such as regional cooperation,industrial structure,degree of industrial linkage and so on.The measures to be adopted are establishing cross-administrative zone coordination mechanism,cultivating feature industry clusters based on regional advantages,setting up reasonable regional division of labor,perfecting market systems etc.The result of this study will prompt the adjustment of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar regional industrial structure and the development of industrial agglomeration.
Releasing effect of thymidine on G1 phase arrest of erythroleukemia cells caused by FUDR and HMBA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In vitro experiments with synchronized MELC, FUDR plus HMBA produced a complete blockade of G1 phase cells. Thymidine at 0.1mM released such a blockade and made the induction of differentiation by HMBA reappearing. Thymidine also released the arrest of G1 cells caused by FUDR +actinomycin D or sodium butyrate.
Recent Advancements, Limitations, and Future Perspectives of the use of Personalized Medicine in Treatment of Colon Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to the heterogeneity of colon cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are ineffective in all cases. The genomic profile and biomarkers associated with the process are considered in personalized medicine, along with the patient's personal history. It is based on the response of the targeted therapies to specific genetic variations. The patient's genetic transcriptomic and epigenetic features are evaluated, and the best therapeutic approach and diagnostic testing are identified through personalized medicine. This review aims to summarize all the necessary, updated information on colon cancer related to personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is gaining prominence as generalized treatments are finding it challenging to contain colon cancer cases which currently rank fourth among global cancer incidence while being the fifth largest in total death cases worldwide. In personalized therapy, patients are grouped into specific categories, and the best therapeutic approach is chosen based on evaluating their molecular features. Various personalized strategies are currently being explored in the treatment of colon cancer involving immunotherapy, phytochemicals, and other biomarker-specific targeted therapies. However, significant challenges must be overcome to integrate personalized medicine into healthcare systems completely. We look at the various signaling pathways and genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with colon cancer to understand and identify biomarkers useful in targeted therapy. The current personalized therapies available in colon cancer treatment and the strategies being explored to improve the existing methods are discussed. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of personalized medicine in colon cancer therapy. The current scenario of personalized medicine in developed countries and the challenges faced in middle- and low-income countries are also summarized. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of personalized medicine in colon cancer and how it could be integrated into the healthcare systems.
Reliability and Validity of the Translated Gujarati Version of Short Sensory Profile (SSP) for Children having Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, along with distinct restricted and repetitive behaviours. Short Sensory Profile (SSP) is one of the most commonly used tools for assessing sensory characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While parents typically complete Short Sensory Profile (SSP), the increasing number of working parents has led to grandparents and caregivers often taking on this responsibility. Since this scale is not available in Gujarati, there is a need to develop one that can be used by Gujarati-speaking individuals. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted in Ahmedabad, where a scale was translated into Gujarati using a double forward and backward translation method. Experts reviewed each question, categorizing them as accepted, rejected, or accepted with modifications. A harmonized version of the scale was developed. The study included a sample of 12 participants of both genders diagnosed with ASD. The scale underwent assessments for face and content validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Result: In the validation process of Gujarati version of SSP, 7 sections and a total of 38 questions existed. The Gujarati version of the SSP has high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.807) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient=0.807, 95%. The content validity was assessed, providing data that included S-CVI/AVE and S-CVI/UA values of 0.99 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion: The translation of SSP into a Gujarati version was successful in preserving the semantic and measurement properties of the original version and was valid and reliable scale for the Gujarati population. Key words: Translation, Short Sensory Profile, Validity, Autism
School outcomes in New South Wales and Queensland: a regression discontinuity approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the differences in school (NAPLAN) outcomes between New South Wales and Queensland. It shows that there are pronounced differences in Year 3 NAPLAN results between these states, though these dissipate when later class years are considered. The reasons for these state effects in school outcomes are explored using an empirical framework grounded in the regression discontinuity literature. There is no systematic evidence of school-specific unobservables that are linearly related to the distance of schools from the New South Wales-Queensland border that account for this state effect. In other words, the lower outcomes of schools in Queensland relative to schools in New South Wales appear to be a pure institutional phenomenon. This conclusion carries over to the various sensitivity tests undertaken based on the partition of the sample by school sector and by distance from the border. Accordingly, the border effects are expected to be eroded by the recent reforms to the school starting age in Queensland and by the national curriculum currently proposed for implementation in Australia. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.