jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in schoolchildren

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in schoolchildren Part 3. Follow-up studies at Donge School, Zanzibar Get access G. Macdonald, G. Macdonald Former Director Ross Institute of Tropical Hygiene, Professor of Tropical Hygiene, University of London UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.M. Forsyth D.M. Forsyth Schistosomiasis Research Officer, Ross Institute of Tropical Hygiene* Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 62, Issue 6, 1968, Pages 766–774, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(68)90003-5 Published: 01 January 1968
Revisiting the Framework: Extensions and Refinements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the peace operations framework is re-evaluated based on the case applications performed by the authors in this issue. A number of suggestions are made for extending and refining the framework. Extensions include adding conflict prevention as a core goal, taking politically-motivated judgments into account, and adding context-specific variables including factors over which peacekeepers have limited control. Refinements include moving some dimensions to other goal categories, adjusting the sequencing of variables based on case-specific considerations, and several definitional and assessment issues. These suggestions contribute to an improved framework without altering the conception of peace operations as a set of interconnected and mutually-reinforcing processes.
Heat stress impact on weight gain in broiler chickens: a meta-analytical study of environmental factor that impact production losses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary: Climatic events can substantially impair the viability of the animalsâ production, and the environmental control of broilers facilities improves the production with the reduction in yield losses caused by the heat stress. Our goal was to detect the environmental variables related to the losses of body weight gain (BWG) and the heat stress. This study was based on 52 scientific papers assessed by meta-analysis aiming at heat stress on broilers at 1 to 42 days of age. After meta-analysis examination, data were submitted to data mining techniques in order to obtain decision models for description and quantification of yield losses. The potential reduction of BWG was used as the predictive class. In addition, it was classified as âAppropriate Body Weight Gainâ (ABWG, as expected by genetic strain), âModerate Body Weight Gainâ (MBWG, with 16% of reduction on BWG) and âInappropriate Body Weight Gainâ (IBWG, with 36.5% of reduction on BWG). The decision-tree highlighted the mean dry and wet bulb temperatures and the temperature-humidity index (THI) as classifiers with model accuracy of 71.3%. The potential reduction of BWG showed as results 0.82, 0.77 and 0.78 of class precision for âIBWGâ, âMBWGâ and âABWGâ classifications, respectively. With the meta-analysis, it was possible to evaluate which environmental variables affected the reduction on BWG in consequence of the heat stress. The mean values higher than 32ÂºC for dry-bulb temperature, 25.5 or 25.7ÂºC for wet-bulb temperature and 23.3ÂºC for THI showed to be the threshold triggering within 36.5% in the potential reduction of BWG in broiler production.
[Roentgeno-surgical comparisons in choledocholithiasis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of roentgenological investigation of bile ducts are analysed in comparison with the revision findings during cholecystectomy and choledochotomy. Among 61 patients concretions were diagnosed in 37, and in 13 pa tients lethiasis of the ducts was suspected. In 6 observations no concretions were revealed, in 5 patients inadequate contrasting did not allow to judge the state of ducts. Emphasis is laid on the importance of infusion-drip administration of a contrast solution and simultaneous tomography of the ducts for the improved diagnosis of lithiasis.
Isolation and identification of N‐butyl‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxofuran‐2‐carboxamide produced by Bacillus sp. L60 and its antifungal activity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhizoctonia solani is the cause of substantial economic loss in many crops. The aim of this study is to investigate biocontrol potential of Bacillus sp. L60 against R . solani and to purify an antifungal compound. In this study, Bacillus sp. L60 demonstrated significant antagonism toward R . solani with the dual culture assay. The antifungal compound was extracted from Bacillus sp. L60 culture supernatant with n‐butanol, and identified as N‐butyl‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxofuran‐2‐carboxamide (BT‐5O‐2C) having molecular weights of 185.1052 Da with the formula C 9 H 15 NO 3 using NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the antifungal compound was 256 µg ml −1 against R . solani . Therefore, our results clearly demonstrated BT‐5O‐2C as well as Bacillus sp. L60 as potential biological control agents for the management of R . solani .
In Situ Characterization of Thermal‐Induced Evolution of Structure/Optical Properties of Heterogeneous 3D Chiral Soft Photonic Crystal Polymer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polymer stabilized blue phase (PSBP) liquid crystal has aroused wide attention due to its broad temperature range and potential applications in flexible display, multi‐mode monitor, and mirrorless laser based on its well‐compatible stability and multi‐responsiveness, such as electricity, humidity, and temperature. Temperature produces an important effect on the structure/optical properties of PSBP, but there lack of detailed investigation on thermal‐induced deformation and its influence on the optical performance of PSBP. Here, the thermal‐induced evolution of structure/optical properties of PSBP with different polymer content is in situ characterized by variable‐temperature ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray diffraction, Kossel diffraction, and polarized optical microscopy. A restricted deformation of PSBP cubic lattice is revealed by the shift of reflective wavelength and evolution of Kossel diagrams, which is mainly attributed to the thermal‐induced phase transition/separation of non‐polymerized components. The thermal stability of PSBP is improved by increased polymer content based on the limited deformation ability. This work is significant for the design of novel functional material, which paves the way for the preparation of photonic crystal soft materials with high stability and optical quality.
Computation of Landsat Based Evapotranspiration Maps along the South Platte and North Platte Rivers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

It is important to quantify the consumptive water use by the vegetation when managing regional water resources in irrigated areas. Suitable models and algorithms applied to high resolution (30 m) satellite imagery provide a cost effective and time efficient method to obtain evapotranspiration estimations from bare soil and vegetation. The METRIC image processing model calculates net radiation, soil heat flux and sensible heat flux through a number of steps before estimating evapotranspiration as the residual from the energy balance. Sensible heat flux algorithms are calibrated using an operator selected wet and dry pixel. The complete energy balance obtained from the satellite images is calibrated using ground based reference evapotranspiration estimations. The paper describes an application of the METRIC model on parts of the South Platte and North Platte rivers in Colorado and Nebraska for individual days in 1997, 2001 and 2002. Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 shortwave and longwave bands were used. Weather data from selected meteorological stations within the study area was screened and used to estimate reference evapotranspiration. A water balance model was used to estimate evaporation from the soil. During the image processing it was necessary to iterate the selection of the wet and dry pixels after reviewing evapotranspiration behavior for natural vegetation and wet fields at full cover. Uneven distribution of recent precipitation events and operator dependency needed to be addressed. The resulting evapotranspiration maps appear to be congruent with ET from previous studies and will be used by local water management entities.
Seaweed extract as a biostimulant for legume crop, green gram

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of seaweed extracts obtained from the marine green algae, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R. Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh, brown algae Sargassum plagiophyllum C. Agardh, Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing, Padina tetrastromatica Hauck, Dictyota dichotama (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux on the stimulate germination, growth parameters of the Vigna radiata. The present study reveals the seeds germination, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots and roots. These results suggested that seaweed extracts stronger induce seed germination and growth parameters.
Modulation transfer function of phase holograms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The frequency characteristics were determined for the diffraction of light by a phase hologram with a sinusoidal distribution of the refractive index. For the range intermediate between the Raman-Nath (thin holograms) and Bragg (thick holograms) diffraction mechanisms the characteristics were calculated on a computer and plotted as the frequency dependences of the intensity of light in the first positive, zeroth, and first negative orders for different modulation depths. These graphs could be used conveniently to determine the parameters of holograms needed to ensure a specified diffraction efficiency and uniformity of the modulation transfer function.
How to Love Modern [Post-]Colonial Architecture: Rethinking Memory in Angola and Mozambique Cities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper considers the singularities that have led to different ways of developing architecture in Angolan and Mozambican cities during the colonial period between 1945 and 1974 and analyses how these buildings have survived the post-colonial societies. The narrative is based on the concepts of memory, history, and identity. Focusing on design knowledge and cultural interpretations, it draws on the social and political context in order to discuss the overlaps between the old colonial rules and the establishment of a new architectural and urban discourse. The paper further argues that reconsidering Colonial Modern as a hybrid process brings fresh insights to the way in which, in a post-colonial situation, citizens recognise buildings, select symbols, and acknowledge their heritage.
Joint user scheduling and power allocation in two-tier heterogeneous networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An appropriate scheme is proposed based on QoE and energy consumption in this paper for the fact that the impact of imbalanced loading on resource availability cannot be neglected, which jointly optimises user scheduling and power allocation. In this proposed scheme, the bias factor is optimised to balance the fairness for users' distribution and system resource allocation. A new dynamic linear user scheduling algorithm based on bias programming is presented, in which the negative and the positive bias factors are both considered that are optimised by iterative method to achieve load balancing. Then QoE models of different types of services are built to allocate resource, in which Boolean type dual iterative algorithm is applied to obtain the globally optimal solution. The time and space complexity for the proposed two algorithms are analysed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed approaches.
Accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in patients with cervical neoplasia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The histologic diagnoses of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix obtained by examining the colposcopically directed biopsy material from 643 patients were compared with those of the surgical material subsequently obtained. The procedures during which samples were acquired included hysterectomy (370), cervical conization (263), cervical amputation (2), and removal of a retained cervical stump (8). The diagnostic accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy was 93.0% in those patients with satisfactory colposcopy, ie, the final diagnosis did not differ by more than 1 grade from that of the directed biopsy diagnosis. Two patients with widespread stage III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on directed biopsy had microinvasive carcinoma in the therapeutic cone specimen. All invasive carcinomas (stage IB, occult) were diagnosed by directed biopsy and confirmed by subsequent examination of the surgical specimen.
Unusual Ligand Directed Regioselectivity in the Iron Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Allylic Ethers to 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Dienes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

C4 of 1 is always preferentially attacked in (L)Fe0-catalyzed reactions with 2. Whether the product of 1,2 addition, 3, or that of 1,4 addition, 4, predominates depends strongly on L, as does the relative proportion of the products formed by attack on C1; e.g., for R  CH2Ph and L  2,2′-bipyridine, 3:4 = 73:27 (89% of the total yield); for R  CH2Ph and L  2,2′-biquinoline, 3:4 = 6:94 (64%). R  CH2Ph, CH2C6H11, tetrahydropyranyl.
Health information managers’ engagement in continuing professional development

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Continuing professional development (CPD) involves ongoing learning to maintain and enhance professional competence. CPD for health information managers (HIMs) is embodied in the Health Information Management Association of Australia’s (HIMAA) Professional Competency Standards. The CPD engagement of Australia’s HIMs has not been explored. Objective: To examine HIMs’ engagement with professional body-initiated CPD, and the associated enablers and barriers. Method: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 72 Victorian graduate HIMs from four cohorts: 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. It elicited their perceptions of CPD and engagement with HIMAA events and activities. Results: When asked if engaging in CPD was important: 70.8% agreed; 9.7% disagreed; 19.4% were unsure. Motivations for engagement were networking, continuous learning and skill development and gaining insights from the work of others. Barriers to participation included movement outside of HIM roles, lack of time or interest and perceived irrelevance. The most common activities were special interest/working group(s) (27.8%) and other (sub)committees (18.1%). Seventy-two percent had attended an (inter)national conference or seminar/webinar. Notably, 57% had not participated in any HIMAA-related activities. Discussion: HIMs must continually build their knowledgebase and skills to align with the evolving health information ecosystem. A large proportion of participants acknowledged the importance of CPD; however, of concern, are the 29.1% who disagreed or were unsure, and the 57% who did not participate in any professional body-initiated CPD activities. Conclusion: There is room to strengthen HIMs’ engagement with CPD to ensure their commitment to career-centred lifelong learning, maintain professional competence by meeting a core competency outlined in the Professional Competency Standards and contribute to the continuing development of the profession. Implications for health information management practice: HIMAA should continue to diversify CPD content and formats to sustain and further enhance engagement, to ensure HIMs remain competent, and responsive to the changing health information environment.
Beckett's Voices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sarah West's study is an informative and well-written exploration of the performative voice in Beckett's plays. It charts the process by which, from the late fifties onwards, the performative voice determines the drama in Beckett's plays and pays attention both to dramatic speech and to technical aspects of sound reproduction. Although disappointingly written in dissertationese, this is nevertheless a worthwhile book that convincingly demonstrates that voice is to a large extent responsible for maintaining tension in Beckett's dramatic works.
Separated at Birth: The origin of the pulsars B2020+28 and B2021+51 in the Cygnus Superbubble

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High precision astrometric data have enabled us to determine the trajectories through the Galactic potential for a growing number of pulsars. This has resulted in the discovery of a pulsar pair (B2020+28 and B2021+51) that has a common origin in the Cygnus Superbubble or in one of its related OB associations at an epoch which is comparable with the spin-down ages of the pulsars. Analysis of the Galactic orbits indicates that the progenitors of the pulsars had similar masses and were in a binary system, which was disrupted after the second supernova explosion. The implied pulsar birth velocities are consistent with the high velocities of neutron stars in general. The initial spin period of the pulsar that was formed in the second supernova explosion was approximately 200 ms. A further increase in astrometric accuracy will allow us to more tightly constrain the birth velocities and the kick velocities that were imparted by the two respective supernova explosions. Two additional pulsars in the sample of 24 with parallax measurements may also have originated in the Cygnus Superbubble.
Growing the Malaysian Venture Capital and Private Equity Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) industry in Malaysia is at a crossroads. Despite having received RM3 billion in government aid, according to practitioners the industry will be devoid of any privately-backed organisations within five years if further action is not taken. This situation is problematic for many reasons - not least being that the government believes a robust venture capital and private equity sector would contribute to Malaysia’s development goals. Through a review of existing academic literature and in-depth interviews with 25 senior executives of Malaysian financial firms, this article investigates the state of the Malaysian VC/PE industry, and whether the government should intervene to improve its condition. Many financial executives argue that government intervention to aid the VC/PE sector is necessary at the present juncture. Although government efforts to grow VC/PE sectors have yielded less than desirable results in many nations, scholars have noted that a well-structured intervention can minimise such risks. In order to overcome those problems, this article recommends the creation of a RM1 billion ‘fund-of-funds’.
Low-Temperature Sintering of α- and β-SiC Powders with AlB2 Additive

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

pressing Abstract. We sintered α(6H)- and β(3C)-SiC powders using an Al-B-C additive. SiC powders were densified to&gt; 98 % of the theoretical density from 1950 to 2150oC with 0.67-2.7 mass % AlB2 and 2.0 mass % C. Sintering temperatures are 150-200 oC lower than the conventional. During sintering, 6H polytype in α-SiC powder was partly transformed to 4H. α-SiC powder grew moderately into plate-shaped grains. β-SiC powder was completely transformed to 6H and subsequently 4H with large grain growth. Low-temperature sintering enabled us to use hot isostatic pressing resulting in pore-free SiC materials. I.
The Engines of Distinction: Discourse for Main Course in Restaurant Reviews

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through a study of a set of restaurant reviews, this paper examines forms of knowledge constructed within such reviews and considers their potential effects. It examines 200 restaurant reviews published by New Zealand magazine Cuisine over a five year period, 2003-2007. We find that the reviews narrowly focus on food, wine and ambience over other categories such as service, chefs, cost/value, and owner/operator. We note that through such focus and the language used, the reviews demonstrate an extreme level of exclusion; ignoring a vast field of possible criteria for judging an establishment and experience. Furthermore, through focusing on areas that both allows and creates specialist knowledge and mutual elevation (i.e. food, wine and chef/owner worship) we argue that restaurant reviews are engaging in an escalating discourse of class distinction. Potential effects of this discourse noted include the identification that the celebration of distinction and exclusion perpetuated in the restaurant reviews analysed here stands in contrast to understandings of hospitality as inclusive practice. We suggest, and note concern that, in the attempt to create new levels of refinement and distinction, the core idea of hospitality is becoming lost.
TASAR FOR TRIBAL PROSPERITY – AN EXPERIENCE OF BAIF IN PROMOTION OF TASAR SERICULTURE BASED LIVELIHOOD PROMOTION IN MAHARASHTRA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Promotion of sustainable livelihood programme for weaker section especially tribals and conservation of natural resources and its judicious utilization offers a huge challenge for any development agency. Over a period of 40 years, BAIF has taken up several activities related to different aspects of natural resource management with sericulture through number of projects in the field of research, extension, training, technology development and demonstrations. BAIF initiated different livelihood progarmmes in 21 blocks of Chandrapur, Gondia, Gadchiroli districts during 2004, focusing on tribal development through appropriate region specific interventions viz. wadi (Horticulture), improved agriculture, watershed, women empowerment, livestock development, community development and non timber forest produce (NTFP) etc. It was evident that, traditionally the tribal families are involved in some NTFP activities viz. collection of gum, mahua & mahua seeds, honey & bees wax, charoli, aonla, bel, tadi, and herbal plants, etc which are sold by them to local traders in weekly market for cash or barter them for other goods. By considering the potential and coexisting the unique ecosystem, covered with forest and abundant tasar host plantations in Gadchiroli, Gondia and Chandrapur district, offered a great opportunity to introduce highly remunerative NTFP activities like tasar sericulture for tribal families. Tasar sericulture is subsidiary occupation of forest and forest-fringe dwellers and practiced traditionally by Dhivar community. However, Tasar silkworm rearing was unpredictable source of income because rearer uses very crude method of handling silkworms and worms susceptible to various climatic fluctuations. BAIF intervention in promotion of sustainable livelihoods through tasar sericulture with allied activities focused at strengthening traditional activity by appropriate technology interventions. Key words: Tasar, Livelihood, allied activity, vanya, NTFP