jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Editorial Note for Special Issue on the Evaluation of Digital Cultural Resources—January 2019

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Digital technologies have a significant impact on all areas of operation of cultural heritage organisations, from documenting, interpreting, and exhibiting the collections to communicating and interacting with diverse audience groups. As the cultural heritage sector is gaining substantial experience in communicating collections information in multiple digital forms—whether an online catalogue, virtual exhibition, mobile app, museum interactive, or social media exchange—the focus of both practitioners and researchers working in this area has started shifting to user engagement, which increasingly affects cultural encounters and shapes users’ perception of cultural organisations. Cultural and educational institutions around the world are heavily investing into digitisation and the development and use of various digital tools to make their collections accessible both online and onsite. Yet, we still know relatively little about who uses these digital collections and applications, how they interact with the associated data, how they value these cultural services, and what the impacts of these digital resources are, both on the users and the organisations themselves.
Peer Review #1 of "Addition of L-cysteine to the N- or C-terminus of the all-D-enantiomer [D(KLAKLAK)2] increases antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli (v0.1)"

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background.Antimicrobial peptides have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and are attracting attention as promising next-generation antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.The all-denantiomer [ D (KLAKLAK) 2 ] has been reported to have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to be resistant to protein degradation in bacteria because it is composed of D-enantiomer compounds.In this study, we demonstrated that modification of [ D (KLAKLAK) 2 ] by the addition of an L-cysteine residue to its N-or C-terminus markedly enhanced its antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria such as MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Methods.The peptides [ D (KLAKLAK) 2 ] (DP), DP to which L-cysteine was added at the N-terminus C-DP, and DP to which L-cysteine was added at the C-terminus DP-C, were synthesized at >95% purity.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of peptides and antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method.The synergistic effects of the peptides and the antibiotics against MDR P. aeruginosa were evaluated using the checkerboard dilution method.In order to assess how these peptides affect the survival of human cells, cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8.Results.C-DP and DP-C enhanced the antimicrobial activities of the peptide against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa.The antimicrobial activity of DP-C was greater than that of C-DP, with these peptides also having antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible P. aeruginosa and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa overexpressing the efflux pump components.C-DP and DP-C also showed antimicrobial activity against colistin-resistant E. coli harboring mcr-1, which encodes a lipid A modifying enzyme.DP-C showed synergistic antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa when combined with colistin.The LD 50 of DP-C against a human cell line HepG2 was six times higher than the MIC of DP-C against MDR P. aeruginosa.The LD 50 of DP-C was not altered by incubation with low-dose colistin. Conclusion.Attachment of an L-cysteine residue to the N-or C-terminus of [ D (KLAKLAK) 2 ] enhanced its antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa.The combination of C-DP or DP-C and colistin had synergistic effects against multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa.In addition, DP-C and C-DP showed much stronger antimicrobial activity against MDR A. baumannii and E. coli than against P. aeruginosa.
Puzzle Facelift: A Nonsurgical, Whole Treatment for Facial Modeling and Rejuvenation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The assessment of correct anatomy of face and the evaluation of the dynamic interplay between anatomy and function, to get an overall improvement, is a leading topic in aesthetic surgery and has increased its impact in recent years. A nonsurgical impact technique reduces both post-treatment discomfort and the overall cost. Obtaining the simultaneous correction in forehead, nose, lips, and chin means obtaining an overall improvement in face view. Likewise, the high predictability of the procedure and the absence of alloplastic implant, bone re-absorption, and scars have to be considered in nonsurgical aesthetic medicine. In conclusion, a single session of profile correction using hyaluronic acid filler should be proposed to patients, every time the aesthetic practitioner sees a coexistence of forehead, nose lips, and chin defects.
Prolonged use of statins and peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common neurological disorder. Traditionally, diabetes mellitus is the most common aetiology of peripheral neuropathy. However, there are many other aetiologies of peripheral neuropathy, such as drug-induced, spinal trauma, alcoholism, vitamin B12 deficiency, and many more. In previous studies, long-term statin use was also associated with peripheral neuropathy.
We conducted a systematic search through PubMed and Embase using the protocol following the PRISMA statement in making a systematic review. W e included article that published in the last 10 years (from 2011 until July 2020). Two reviewers extracted data from the articles that have been selected. We extracted the study population, study design, type of intervention, control variable, p-value, and the outcome of the study
We found 250 journals in our search strategy, and at the end, 4 journals included. Some studies revealed that peripheral neuropathy was observed during the long-term treatment of statin. However, some studies also revealed that statin does not increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy.
The possible mechanism of statin-induced peripheral neuropathy in humans are disturbing the function and integrity of cell membrane, the role of alfa-tocopherol or Vitamin E, and the role of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10). In contrast, it is believed that statins lowering the risk of peripheral neuropathy through the anti-inflammatory effects of statins. Different result from each study can be caused by various factors. Besides the peripheral neuropathy side effect that described in the literature, statins are well tolerated. Awareness the side effects would lead to better treatment. Future study about association between statins and peripheral neuropathy is needed.
Evaluation of the Foodbank WA School Breakfast and Nutrition Education Program: Final report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This report presents the final results and findings of the three‐year evaluation of the School Breakfast and Nutrition Education Program (SBNEP) delivered by Foodbank WA to schools across Western Australia. The key aim of the SBNEP is to improve the nutrition and wellbeing of children who are vulnerable to poor diet and health by improving access to a variety of healthy foods in schools. The SBNEP is part of a suite of initiatives managed and delivered by Foodbank WA known as Healthy Food for All® , and has two key components: - the School Breakfast Program (SBP) which provides products for schools to deliver healthy breakfasts and emergency meals to students in need; and - Food Sensations® nutrition education and cooking lessons and resources.
On improving the performance of a multi-agent taxi dispatch system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The taxi dispatching problem has been a hot topic in recent years. All taxi operating companies are seeking to find efficient ways to dispatch taxi in response to customer requests. Quite a lot of simulations have been done to investigate this problem. One recent project work called N-Taxi groUp Collaborative (NTuCab) by seniors before me applied a multi agent approach to concurrently assignment assign multiple requests to multiple taxis. The project has achieved much better performance than the current deployed system in terms of customer waiting time and taxi empty cruising time. Aimed at making further progress in improving the efficiency of the multi-agent taxi dispatch system, further investigation is carried out to the NTuCab system in this project. This project focuses on relaxing one of the assumptions made by NTuCab during negotiation among taxi agents. The assumption was that all taxis should halt immediately when they are communicating with each other and continue to move only after the negotiation is concluded. To relax this assumption, a new dispatch policy called “Negotiation on the Go” is proposed, where, to allow taxis to be on the move during negotiation, instead of using the current taxi position, a local estimate of the taxi position right after negotiation is used to calculate the shortest time to reach the pick-up location of each request. By implementing the new policy with the help of intelligent agents JADE platform and running the simulation experiments on MITSIMLab, a microscopic traffic simulator, simulation results are obtained and a detailed analysis is done based on the results. The simulation result and analysis show that with an appropriate choice of the Negotiation Timing Index, the new policy is able to achieve better performance for NTuCab.
Meeting points: choreographies of horses and humans

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I explore horse-human interactions as ‘meeting points’, using three points or places at which we come together with horses. These are: in the stable, leading a horse, and riding. Each shapes the interspecies engagement, in a kind of trajectory. Ways of engaging with each other form within the confines of stable or corral, which then continue into other activities. The idea of meeting points serves to emphasise that these are meetings with an other, someone who has agency and who helps to create the patterns of subsequent interactions. These are meetings born out of individual experience, and which help to produce the mindedness of the horse.
“Political affairs”: brokerage relationships between state representatives and local politicians in Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Brazil, politicians at different levels cooperate to achieve electoral and governing goals. Recently, these relationships have come to be analyzed through theories of brokers developed in comparative politics. This article investigates the micro-foundations of alliances between state representatives and local politicians and asks to what extent those theories are adequate to analyze these relationships in Brazil. Our analysis combines data from surveys with state representatives and interviews with advisors and focuses on how alliances are built, maintained, and broken. We show that mayors and city councilors are important brokers for state representatives. However, the fact that legislators and local brokers do not hold static positions and play dual roles underscores the limits of principal-agent theories to describe and analyze these relationships. Based on our conclusions, we suggest pathways to advance our understanding of the dynamics of interest intermediation and the multilevel connections between political actors.
Contribution of Cruise Ship Workers to the Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Indigenous Community in Pitra Village

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractThis study aims to analyze cruise ship workers' contribution to the indigenous community's socio-culturaldynamics in Pitra Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The data were taken from primaryand secondary data sources, especially by interviewing 17 key informants. The findings show that thereis a contribution of cruise ship workers to the indigenous community's dynamics in implementing sociocultural and religious activities. The dynamic exists in the aspects of Balinese name, artistic and culturalidentity, the bond of origin identity, Balinese traditional clothing identity, and Balinese language identity.Cruise ship workers support the discourse of Ajeg Bali. Still, there is also resistance, adjustment, andsometimes even enforcement to be in line with modernization. The roles of cruise ship workers are asfollows, first as a catalyst (agent of change) of cultural norms shift. Promoting changes to modernthinking patterns, ways of communicating, how to socialize, behavior changes, social systems changes;and changes in religious cultural material. Second, as a dynamo of the society, cruise ship workerscontribute to the development of Desa Adat (Indigenous Community) infrastructure, the neighborhoodcleanliness, and improving human resource quality of the Desa Adat. The implications are changes inthe orientation of socio-cultural relations according to cost and reward; the emergence of the medanapunia motivation; there are transparency and accountability of Desa Adat management; changes inreligious attitudes from sympathy to empathy, increasing the economic income of indigenouscommunity; change of work orientation from the agricultural sector to trade and tourism sectors.
Fertilizer Response of Napier Grass under Different Soil Conditions in Brunei

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Seasonal fertilizer response of napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) was measured on various soils in Brunei. Climate was moderately humid over the three-year experimental period, with the longest dry spell about 4 months. Optimal fertilizer N levels (balanced with other nutrients) ranged from about 240 to 900 kg/ha/yr on the different soil types and under different moisture conditions. Dry forage yields at the optimum fertilizer levels ranged from 5 t/ha/yr on sandy soil under dry conditions, to 55 t/ha/yr on a sandy clay loam with adequate water. Moderate production of about 20 t/ha/yr was obtained on acid sulphate soil with fertilizer and lime. Digestible nutrient and protein levels of 60-day forage were about 55 and 10% respectively.
Conformal Step Coverage of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 Films Prepared by Liquid Source CVD Using Ti(t-BuO)2(DPM)2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the application of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to ~0.13-µm-scale devices, for example, 4Gbit dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), whose minimum feature size and height of storage nodes are around 0.13 and 0.36 µm, respectively. It is necessary for these devices to obtain a conformal step coverage of the BST films of more than 80% at an aspect ratio of 3–5, along with an equivalent SiO2 thickness (teq) of 0.5 nm. Recently, a new Ti source, Ti(t-BuO)2(DPM)2 [bis (t-butoxy) bis (dipivaloylmethanato) titanium], whose Ti ion is surrounded by four large organic ligands, was developed. It is more stable in THF (tetrahydrofuran; C4H8O) solution and in the vapor phase than conventional Ti sources such as TiO(DPM)2 [oxo bis (dipivaloylmethanato) titanium]. In fact, the step coverages of the BST films using Ti(t-BuO)2(DPM)2 were found to be 80% and 70% at aspect ratios of 3.3 and 5, respectively, which were much better than those of films using TiO(DPM)2. Moreover, the electrical properties of the BST films using Ti(t-BuO)2(DPM)2 were teq =0.44 nm and a leakage current JL of 2.8× 10-8 A/cm2 (+1.1 V) for a film of 24 nm thickness after post-annealing. These characteristics meet the requirements of the 4Gbit DRAM capacitors.
Song of Solomon (1977)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As an African-American with a long-standing interest in deconstructing the white frame of reference by which black people have been defined, it is not surprising that in Song of Solomon Morrison should appropriate the archetype of white American literature: the romance narrative. But although Song of Solomon uses a traditional Euro-American mode of narrative, it would be misleading to interpret the novel only from this standpoint. The favoured ontology in the book is distinctly African, embracing black folktales and African legends and giving priority to African values.
Optoelectronic characterisation of twisted germanium sulfide nanowires with experimental observation of intrinsic ferroelectricity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the optoelectrical characterisation of Eshelby twisted Germanium sulfide (GeS) nanowires with first experimental observation of ferroelectric order at room temperature in GeS which is an otherwise centrosymmetric molecule. The chemical composition and structure of these nanowires were confirmed by various spectroscopic, microscopic and diffractive techniques. In addition, the nanowires were found to be stable over time. From the optoelectronic measurements we found that these p-type semiconducting GeS nanowires have up to two orders higher charge carrier mobility than GeS nanosheets and have sustainable, robust photo-switching property. The existence of room temperature ferroelectricity is confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy which showed hysteresis and butterfly loop, characteristics of a ferroelectric material. Our observations reveal that the properties of twisted GeS nanowires can be harnessed in making efficient electric sensors, photodetectors, data memories and flexible electronics.
Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein: An Innovative Target for Proteomics and Lipidomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is regarded as an important protective factor against cardiovascular disease, with abundant evidence of an inverse relationship between its serum levels and risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as various antiatherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, observations of hereditary syndromes featuring scant HDL-C concentration in absence of premature atherosclerotic disease suggest HDL-C levels may not be the best predictor of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the beneficial effects of HDL may not depend solely on their concentration, but also on their quality. Distinct subfractions of this lipoprotein appear to be constituted by specific protein-lipid conglomerates necessary for different physiologic and pathophysiologic functions. However, in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, diverse components of the HDL proteome and lipid core suffer alterations, which propel a shift towards a dysfunctional state, where HDL-C becomes proatherogenic, prooxidant, and proinflammatory. This heterogeneity highlights the need for further specialized molecular studies in this aspect, in order to achieve a better understanding of this dysfunctional state; with an emphasis on the potential role for proteomics and lipidomics as valuable methods in the search of novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular disease.
Age and regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance during repeated exercise sessions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A common response after only 3-4 days of repeated exercise in younger individuals is an expansion of plasma volume (PV); however, it is not known if older individuals have a similar response. In this study, six older (O) (67 +/- 1 yr) and six younger (Y) men (24 +/- 2 yr) cycled for 4 successive days at 50% maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) for 90 min in a warm environment [30 degrees C temperature dry bulb (Tdb), 24 degrees C temperature wet bulb (Twb)]. On day 4, PV was increased (P < 0.05) in Y (10.0 +/- 1%) but not (P > 0.05) in O (1.7 +/- 2%). The increased PV was associated with a greater (P < 0.05) daily fluid intake during the exercise period in Y (45 +/- 3 ml. day-1.kg body wt-1) compared with O (32 +/- 2 ml.day-1.kg body wt-1) and an increase (P < 0.05) in the total circulating protein (TCP) content in Y (0.23 +/- 0.1 g/kg body wt) but not in O (0.10 +/- 0.1 g/kg body wt). Throughout the 4-day exercise period there were similar reductions in 24-h urine flow rate (UV) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) in Y and O. Additionally, acute renal clearance measures made during exercise on days 1 and 4 showed similar (P > 0.05) reductions in UNaV between Y (-55 +/- 10%) and O (-44 +/- 6%). However, during exercise in O there were no changes (P > 0.05) in UV (2 +/- 12%) and urine osmolality (UOsm) (-12 +/- 6%) from resting values compared with Y, where UV was decreased (P < 0.05) by 41 +/- 9% and UOsm was increased (P < 0.05) by 39 +/- 8%. Therefore, the inability of the older subjects to increase PV after repeated days of exercise is not related to an impaired renal fluid and Na+ conservation ability, despite a reduced urine concentrating ability during exercise, but to other factors (e.g., fluid intake and TCP) that appear necessary for the hypervolemic response.
Promoting Elementary-School Teachers’ Diagnostic Skills to Recognize their Students’ Academic Potential

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We present a five-year project aimed at improving teachers’ skills to detect mathematical and scientific talent in elementary school students. Within the project, teachers from 23 German schools and researchers cooperate to extend teachers’ diagnostic competencies, substantiate their practices scientifically, and to learn from each other’s experiences in the detection and promotion of STEM talent (i.e. networked improvement community). The project is theoretically based on domain- specific talent development models for mathematics and natural science. In the course of the project, teachers interact with e-learning modules, participate in training sessions, attend workshops that bridge scientific theory and educational practice, and regularly evaluate these components of the project. We present the conceptualization of the project as well as first results.
Spatial Model of Driving Factors Deforestation in Central Sulawesi (Case Study of Banggai Islands Regency, Tojo Una-Una Regency and Palu City), Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Indonesia has islands, one of which is Sulawesi Island, which has biodiversity known as the Wallacea Region. Specially, Central Sulawesi Province has the largest forest on the island of Sulawesi but also has very high rates of deforestation. One of the most important pieces of information about deforestation events is the driving factors. The analysis of the drivers of deforestation begins with a spatial query operation which is then analyzed using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method of deforestation events. The case study sites selected in Central Sulawesi Province were based on the level of vulnerability to deforestation in Central Sulawesi in the very vulnerable and not vulnerable categories. The selected representative profiles are three districts/cities consisting of very vulnerable levels Banggai Islands Regency and Palu City, and not vulnerable Tojo Una-Una Regency. The drivers of deforestation in the vulnerable and vulnerable profiles are influenced by population density factors. The next factor is the population density of productive age and the density of the working population. While the driving factor in the form of biophysical conditions did not have a significant effect. This explains that deforestation events greatly affected by the social conditions of the community. This information forms the basis for extensive forest and environmental management.