jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Osteoma osteoide de localización escapular: descripción de un caso

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of a patient with pain worse at night, located at the elbow. Osteoid Osteoma of the scapula was diagnosed. Pain was not relieved by Salycilates. Open surgical treatment and cauterization were the treatment elected in our case. Pain regressed inmediatly after surgery and the patient was asimptomatic since the surgery.
Analysis: Offshoring - home sweet home

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Offshoring can be defined as relocation of business processes, including high-wage production and manufacturing jobs, to a lower cost location, usually overseas. To be able to adopt this principle, companies must be efficient enough to produce its goods close to the place where they are in demand, even when labour cost are high. They should also look carefully at their economics before they send production overseas. In this paper, this principle is illustrated taking the state of California as an example.
Sensory and Physical Evaluation of Cocoas (Theobroma cacao L.) From Different Countries for its Use in a Gourmet Chocolate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genetic origin and the climate surrounding the plantation help cacao fruits developing their sensory quality and those of the final chocolate flavor.The postharvest procedure is also influential in the sensory quality of the cocoa derivatives.The physical properties and sensory profile of cacao beans after the postharvest have to be evaluated to guaranty the chocolate sensory quality.The evaluation has be done using formats to compile the information described in the national and international norms and literature.The objectives were to design formats and protocols to evaluate and compare physically and sensorial the cocoa beans from different world regions to select the best cacao with citric notes.From physical characteristics data, was selected the cocoa with the best quality.Once selected, it was applied to the roasting protocol to obtain cacao liquor.On the cacao liquor, using descriptive analysis of the taste descriptor profile was determined the sensory profile.The data have shown that the formats designed facilitate compilation and calculation of data obtained from the cocoa.Barinas cacao has shown the best flavor characteristics for its use in the elaboration of gourmet chocolate with citrus notes.
Initiation of Joint Attention is Associated with Morphometric Variation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In developing human children, joint attention ( JA ) is an important preverbal skill fundamental to the development of language. Poor JA skills have been described as a behavioral risk factor for some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. It has been hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex ( ACC ) plays an important role in the development of JA in human children. Here, we tested whether the morphometry and lateralization of the ACC differed between chimpanzees that were classified as either consistently or inconsistently engaging in JA with a human experimenter. Results showed that chimpanzees that performed poorly on the JA task had larger gray matter ( GM ) volumes in the ACC compared to apes that performed well on the task. In addition, both population‐level asymmetries and sex differences in the volume of GM were found within the ACC . Specifically, females had relatively larger GM volumes in two of the three subregions of the ACC compared to males, and significant leftward asymmetries were found for two of the subregions whereas a rightward bias was observed in the third. Based on these findings, we suggest that the ACC plays an important role in mediating JA , not just in humans, but also chimpanzees. We further suggest that the differences found between groups may reflect inherent differences in the amount of white matter within the ACC , thereby suggesting reduced connectivity between the ACC and other cortical regions in chimpanzees with poor JA skills. Am. J. Primatol. 75:441‐449, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary electron imaging of atomic layers on silicon surfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We earlier reported that the atomic steps on a Si(l11) clean surface can be clearly imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a grazing incidence of the primary electron beam. In this paper, atomic step contrast is investigated with respect to the positional effects of the secondary electron (SE) detector. SE-images of the 1×2 and 2×1 domains on Si(100) are presented for the first time. An ultrahigh vacuum SEM equipped with a field emission electron gun (modified Hitachi S-800) is used for surface imaging. The pressure during SEM observation is about l×l0 -8 Pa. The sample stage can be tilted from 0° (normal incidence) to 90° (grazing incidence). The SE-detector is placed on one side of the sample, near the tilt axis. The previous study utilized a long working distance of 35 - 40 mm between the objective lens and the sample. In the present study, the sample stage is modified so as to reduce the working distance down to 10 mm. This modification allows us to obtain higher resolution images.
A “reflexive benefactive” in Chamba-Daka (Adamawa branch, Niger-Congo family)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The “Nnakenyaare” lingua franca dialect of Chamba-Daka, a geographically and linguistically peripheral language of the Adamawa branch of Niger-Congo spoken in northeastern Nigeria, has not only beneficiary/recipient verb arguments but also a “reflexive benefactive” or autobenefactive marked by a copy pronoun from the possessive paradigm. To enhance typological understanding, Chamba-Daka argument structure is briefly described with focus on the importance of the animacy feature and the ambiguities arising from the existence of three different directly construed objects. The range of nonpossessive uses of the possessive paradigm, including the reflexive benefactive, is then set out. Conclusions include a discussion of the relations among autobenefaction, middle voice, and applicative derivation.
384 Trends of neonatal sepsis among preterm infants born <32 weeks gestation over a 13-year period

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

In spite of recent improvements in the outcomes of preterm infants, sepsis remains to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Studies have noted the rise of Gram-negative infections as causes of sepsis in the preterm population.

Objectives

We aim to describe the epidemiology, trends and microbial distribution of neonatal sepsis episodes among preterm infants born <32 weeks gestation over a 13-year period.

Methods

This is a retrospective single-centre cohort study of culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis episodes, which is defined as the isolation of pathogenic organism from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. We included newborns that were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) who were < 32 weeks birth gestation and birthweight of ≤1500 g. Neonatal sepsis episodes were stratified into early-onset sepsis (EOS) occurring at <72 hours of birth and late-onset sepsis (LOS) occurring >72 hours after birth up till discharge.

Results

A total of 2019 preterm infants were included in the study. The characteristics of the cohort: 52.7% male, median birth gestational age 28 weeks, 19.9% small-for-gestational age, 89.9% received antenatal steroids, 85.5% had a central venous catheter. Over the study period, 263 infants had a total of 273 episodes of culture-confirmed sepsis –49 EOS and 224 LOS episodes. Incidence of sepsis in this cohort decreased from a high of 24.2% in 2006 to 7.4% in 2017. This was concordant with a decrease in LOS over the same period: 16.8%-21.6% from 2005–2006 to 4.9% in 2017. EOS incidence remained relatively stable, ranging from 0–4.4%. Gram negative bacteria were the predominant pathogen group isolated, accounting for 186/281 (66.2%) of all organisms– 40/49 (81.6%) of EOS and 146/224 (65.2%) of LOS episodes. E Coli [24/49 (49.0%)] and Klebsiella spp [39/224 (17.4%)] were the most common microbial causes of EOS and LOS episodes respectively. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) accounted for 36/224 (16.1%) of LOS. Fungal infections were predominantly due to Candida spp - 12.1% (27/224) of LOS. Of note, there were no fungal infections detected over the recent 5 years.

Conclusions

The decrease in the overall incidence of neonatal sepsis among preterm infants <32 weeks in our centre over the 13-year study period, is due to a reduction in LOS. Gram-negative bacterial organisms are the predominant infecting organism in this population with E.Coli and Klebsiella spp being the most common causes of EOS and LOS.
Folding, dimerisation and the interaction with Aβ[subscript 1-40] of human cystatin C.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Amyloid formation is a predominant feature of many human diseases including Alzheimers’ disease, Parkinsons’ disease, type II diabetes and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. The process of amyloidogenesis involves the self-assembly of soluble protein into insoluble fibrous material. Amyloidogenic proteins, which share no common sequence, structure or function, form amyloid fibres which have a common morphology. Neither a detailed structure of mature amyloid or the mechanism by which it forms is fully understood. The work presented in this thesis uses the cystatins as a model system for probing the mechanism of amyloid formation. \nThe formation of amyloid requires a refolding event as the protein involved refolds from its native structure to the cross-P structure common to amyloid. Characterisation of the folding pathway of human cystatin C indicates that it folds via a partially folded kinetic intermediate, in an analogous manner to chicken cystatin. Analysis of the early stages of amyloidogenesis in cystatins indicates domain-swapped dimers are the building block of cystatin amyloid. As is observed with chicken cystatin, the dimerisation of human cystatin C is a bimolecular process, m-value analysis indicates that the structure of the dimerisation transition state is very close to the structure of the unfolded state and is more unfolded than the kinetic intermediate identified in the human cystatin C folding pathway. No terameric species are observed in the amyloidogenesis of human cystatin C, supporting evidence that tetramers are an off-pathway intermediate in the amyloidogenesis of chicken cystatin. Following the formation of dimer, isomerisation of the proline conserved across the cystatins is required prior to the formation of amyloid fibres. \nA preliminary study of the interaction between human cystatin C and Aβ shows that there is no interaction between monomeric hCC and monomeric Aβ 1-40. Given that hCC has been shown to inhibit Aβ amyloid formation, hCC must interact with one of the oligomeric species of Aβ that is populated during amyloidogenesis. Further experimentation is required to determine the exact nature of the interaction between hCC and Aβ.
The Interaction between the Host Genome, Epigenome, and the Gut–Skin Axis Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. It involves complex interactions among the host immune system, environmental factors (such as skin barrier dysfunction), and microbial dysbiosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified AD risk alleles; however, the associated environmental factors remain largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that altered microbiota composition (dysbiosis) in the skin and gut may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Examples of environmental factors that contribute to skin barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis in AD include allergens, irritants, pollution, and microbial exposure. Studies have reported alterations in the gut microbiome structure in patients with AD compared to control subjects, characterized by increased abundance of Clostridium difficile and decreased abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. SCFAs play a critical role in maintaining host health, and reduced SCFA production may lead to intestinal inflammation in AD patients. The specific mechanisms through which dysbiotic bacteria and their metabolites interact with the host genome and epigenome to cause autoimmunity in AD are still unknown. By understanding the combination of environmental factors, such as gut microbiota, the genetic and epigenetic determinants that are associated with the development of autoantibodies may help unravel the pathophysiology of the disease. This review aims to elucidate the interactions between the immune system, susceptibility genes, epigenetic factors, and the gut microbiome in the development of AD.
Cross-domain Variational Network for Fast Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an emerging molecular imaging technique that can detect various biomolecules in vivo. However, the routine clinical application of CEST MRI is hammered by its long scan time due to the multiple saturation frames acquired. Here, a novel deep neural network modified from the variational network (VN) by utilizing cross-domain regularization structures, dubbed CEST-VN, is proposed for accelerated CEST imaging. In conjunction with multi-coil sensitivity encoding, the CEST-VN method demonstrated superior performance to the conventional parallel imaging and the original VN methods in healthy volunteers and glioma patients.
The Dielectric Constant and Density of Benzene to 400 °C and 3000 bar

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A high pressure apparatus is described to measure simultaneously within one cell the dielectric constant and the density of non‐polar supercritical fluids to 400 °C and 3000 bar. Thus relations between the dielectric constant and the fluid density at any given temperature can be discussed with particular reliability. The apparatus consists of a cylindrical autoclave, which encloses a stainless steel belows containing the sample. A cylindrical capacitor (ca. 60 pF) is mounted inside the bellows. A back‐up fluid of heptane is used to produce the pressure on the bellows. Measurements are made between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. Values of the dielectric constant ϵ are reported for 10 temperatures between 27.5 and 400 °C and for pressures between 1 bar and 3000 bar. At 27.5°C and 1 bar ϵ is 2.273. At 100°C it varies from 2.124 to 2.425 between 1 and 2800 bar. At 400°C and 3000 bar ϵ = 2.198. The probable error is below 0.2%. Density measurements cover the same range. The temperature dependence of ϵ at constant density is very small. The Clausius‐Mossotti‐function is presented for the whole region. In accordance with existing theories it can be described as a three‐term series in powers of density and a T −1 ‐term.
The adoption and impact of an improved drought-tolerant, dual-purpose groundnut variety in Southern India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper looks at the adoption and impact of an improved groundnut cultivar in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Despite positive results in farmer-participatory varietal selection, adoption was extremely low despite promotional efforts of a local NGO. The few farmers who adopted the variety generated significant benefits. They earned higher profits per hectare and their agricultural asset portfolios (a measure of wealth) increased significantly more than those of non-adopters. This raises the question of why, if the variety is beneficial, adoption is so low. Some possible explanations and their implications for future varietal development and dissemination are discussed.
GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.): A REVIEW.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grain yield is the primary factor affecting the economic value in wheat. For this reason, continuous agronomical and breeding studies are being conducted on increasing grain yield. Genetic variability among wheat genotypes can be estimated based on quantitative traits. Parameters such as genotypic and phenotypic coefcient of variability are useful in detecting the amount of variability present in the germplasm. High genetic advance coupled with high heritability estimates offers the most effective condition for selection. Correlation studies along with path analysis provide a better understanding of the association of different characters with grain yield. Genetic variability, correlation and path coefcient analysis of grain yield in wheat is reviewed in the paper.
STUDIES AND CHOICE OF LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS FOR IMPROVING INTERIOR TEMPERATURES OF A BUILDING LOCATED IN GHARDA?A REGION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work proves that an optimized building envelope takes into account thermal properties and building materials. The major concept of the thermal rehabilitation is based on the wall composition especially on the calculation of the walls thermal resistance. In the literature, the values of thermal resistance of air spaces are very different. In this regard, other factors must be taken into consideration in these measurements such as the mobility of air in all wall elements which contributes an insulating effect. Indeed, the numerical simulation save a great deal of time and effort in computational terms and showed that the horizontal position of the hollow brick gives the best results. In this sens, a building envelope, as a passive source of energy, is a critical factor. In conclusion, to achieve a better thermal comfort in arid and semi arid regions, a new configuration of the wall has been proposed, allows to enhance the thermal insulation of the envelop while eliminating thermal bridges.
El trabajo: concepciones de jóvenes que laboran en Call Centers en una ciudad intermedia colombiana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

(descriptive): today's organizations have developed new models to store, transfer and transform information, which is characterized by a high demand for new technologies and related skills in workers, which has favored the development of the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry. These jobs attract new and young workers, and although there are improved employment conditions, it seems that the dynamic of this industry changes how people see the notion of work. In this regard, some youth perceptions are presented against the concept of work, the sense that this population gives to their work and the conditions they perceive. Methodologically, the research was conducted used a hermeneutical perspective by conducting in-depth interviews with young people to identify their perceptions regarding work and to understand the human being-work relationship. Key words: BT: youth, RT: employment opportunities, NT: youth participation, MT: 450 work collective, USE: labor relations, RT: world of work, RT: youth opportunities (Unesco Social Sciences Thesaurus).
The Description of Prostate Abnormalities in RSUD Tarakan 2015-2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most common prostate disorders. The complaints found were LUTS complaints and caused a decrease in the patient's quality of life. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with prostate disorders such as histopathological description, age, chief complaint, PSA levels, age prevalence of patients based on the main complaint, and the relationship between age and LUTS complaints in patients with prostate disorders at Tarakan Hospital for the 2015-2020 period. This study used a cross sectional design using secondary data from medical records with total sampling technique. The results of the study found that there were 72 patients with prostate disorders at Tarakan Hospital for the 2015-2020 period with the incidence of BPH (51.4%) and prostate adenocarcinoma (48.6%). The age of patients with prostate disorders in BPH and adenocarcinoma of the prostate was dominated by the age group of 60-69 years (30.6%) and (20.8%). Based on the Spearman test, the relationship between age and LUTS complaints was p = 0.455 r = 0.089 and there was no significant relationship between age and LUTS complaints.
Early detection of tubular dysfunction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The determination of low-molecular-weight proteins in urine as a tool for early detection of damage to the proximal tubules is briefly discussed. Beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein and alpha 1-microglobulin are at present the most widely used markers for tubular dysfunction. The determination of beta 2-microglobulin has earlier been the method of choice, but due to its instability at low pH there are certain disadvantages. Available data indicate that alpha 1-microglobulin may replace beta 2-microglobulin for screening purposes. The low-molecular-weight proteins are at present the best markers for early detection of tubular dysfunction; other constituents are not as well suited for this, even if the determination of urine enzymes has its supporters.
Adding Multimedia Cues to Medical Providers’ Online Biographies: Do Pictures, Video, and B-Roll Matter?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Developing engaging online healthcare provider biographies for prospective patients to consult is becoming a big business. Health-care systems are beginning to add more multichannel components-like videos-to these provider search tools at increasingly higher costs. Prior research finds that prospective patients desire videos offering additional footage (i.e., b-roll) displaying how a provider might interact with a patient during a consultation. Shooting and editing b-roll footage to add to providers' videos takes additional time and resources. Using predictions and questions generated from uncertainty reduction and cue summation theories, this study sought to determine whether the addition of multichannel media (e.g., a video with added b-roll) offers any greater effects in the form of reduced uncertainty, provider likability, patient satisfaction, or trust than biographies providing fewer multichannel cues. A between-subjects online experiment randomly exposed participants (n = 523) to one of four biographies with increasing levels of multichannel components (i.e., text only biography, text with picture, video, video with b-roll). Results revealed that the two video biographies generated more significant effects than text-only biographies. However, the biography with just the video of the provider (i.e., a-roll only) and the video including added b-roll were not significantly different from one another on any of the dependent variables measured. These findings indicate that there may be a limit to the number of multichannel components needed to be an effective biography to help patients select their next healthcare provider. Both theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, in addition to future directions for research.