jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Streptomycin and GA3 Application on Seedlessness, Yield and Fruit Quality of 'Balady' Mandarin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

T HE EFFECTIVENESS of repeated applications of GA3 and streptomycin (SM) to stimulate seedless fruit development or reducing seed number per fruit of mandarin (Citrus recticulata Blanco cv Balady) were evaluated under field conditions at Motobus district, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate during 2014 and 2015 seasons.Trees were sprayed with GA3 at 25 ppm, SM at 250 ppm, SM at 500 ppm, SM at 250 ppm + GA3 at 25 ppm and SM at 500 ppm + GA3 at 25 ppm, while the control trees were sprayed with tap water.Results indicated that GA3 at 25 ppm recorded the highest fruit weight and acidity in both seasons.SM 500 + GA3 reduced seed number per fruit with about 76.66 and 77.46 % reduction in both seasons, respectively compared to the control.Meanwhile, high yield and fruit characteristics, firmness, vitamin C, brix and SSC/Acid ratio, were maintained under this treatment.The addition of GA3 to SM increased its efficacy in this respect.
In defense of adolescents.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ADOLESCENTS have always perplexed the adult world. By definition, a teenager is someone between childhood and adulthood. But exactly where in this continuum an individual teenager is at any one point has always been something of a mystery. Lawmakers have had difficulty in deciding at what age the privileges of adult membership in society should be extended to an individual, and confusion and inconsistencies abound. For example, in virtually every jurisdiction in the United States, a 14-year-old cannot legally vote, buy alcohol, or obtain a driver's license. Yet, if that same 14-year-old were to commit a murder, he or she could, in many states, be tried as an adult—suggesting that the has the maturity and decision-making capacity consistent with full adult responsibility for criminal behavior. Adolescent Turmoil The very notion of an adolescent as someone different from a child who is, however, not yet an adult in
TRIANGULAR HOPF ALGEBRAS OVER AN ALGEBRAICALLY CLOSED FIELD OF CHARACTERISTIC 0

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We explain that a new theorem of Deligne on symmetric tensor categories [De2] implies, in a straightforward manner, that any finite dimensional triangular Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero has the Chevalley property, and in particular the list of finite dimensional triangular Hopf algebras over such a field, given in [AEG], [EG3], is complete. We also use Deligne’s theorem to settle a number of questions about triangular Hopf algebras, raised in our previous publications, and generalize Deligne’s result to nondegenerate semisimple categories in positive characteristic p, by using the lifting methods developed in [ENO].
L'analyse des institutions, entre culturalisme et économisme : l'exemple des institutions de la propriété au Sénégal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article looks at the question of the interrelatedness between economic growth and institutions based on a specific case: the property institutions in Senegal. In the first part, the article defines the different meanings of the notion of property in Senegal, from traditional family property to colonial and private property. The diverse nature of this notion makes it difficult to understand property as being "universal." In the second part, the article shows that the Senegal of today has not substituted these different property regimes but has accumulated them. Therefore, there are different ways to view property that interfere with each other. By focusing on the question of corporate property, the article leads to the paradoxical conclusion that economic inefficiency is not a consequence of poorly defined private property rights, but results from a contradiction between the so-called traditional corporate property and the way that firms are governed, which is no longer precisely traditional.
ENSURING TANK OPERATION RELIABILITY IN THE FAR NORTH CONDITIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Improving the performance of oil and petroleum products storage tanks in the Far North continues to be an urgent problem for the oil industry, the solution of which is of great national economic importance. The operation of tanks in the Far North is associated with significant loads and stresses, resulting in uneven subsidence and deviations from the horizontal of the outer contour of the bottom and the verticality of the wall, which is unacceptable and critical in relation to the further tank operation. This circumstance can cause excessive deformations of the metal structures and lead to tank destruction, and as a result of significant environmental pollution and material losses. Subsidence occurs due to a number of reasons: deterioration of the strength properties of the soils of the base of the reservoir foundations located in the regions of the Far North with complex geology, the presence of water-saturated soils with their hydrogeological properties in the area of the tanks, violation of the technological and operational regime during the tanks operation, assumption errors and deviations at the design and construction stage. In this regard, it is necessary to provide measures and technical solutions aimed at strengthening the tank design, including the inter-wall space for tanks with a protective wall, to ensure the stability and reliability of tanks located in the Far North.
Consistency of Two Modes of Administration of the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test to Kindergarten Children in Two Different Localities by Sex

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In a recent publication Czskey and Larson (1977) reported a significant correlation ( r = .87, P = ,001) between Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test scores administered alternately, individually, and in a group format to 105 kindergarten children. Since the subjects were about equally divided between a rural and a suburban community in northeast Ohio, the Ammonses (personal communication, August, 1977) questioned such a correlation based upon subjects from two potentially dissimilar geographic areas. Accordingly, the scores were separated and Pearson correlations (Games & Klare, 1967) were computed for each geographic area and by sex within each area. The results are presented in Table 1.
Phonon spectrum and group velocity calculation of cubic semiconductor quantum dot

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Phonons play an important role in determining the electrical and thermal properties of semiconductors and other material systems. A mathematical model based on elastic continuum approach has been used for calculating the phonon dispersion of semiconductor cubic quantum dot. With this model acoustic phonon dispersions of an individual GaAs quantum dot are calculated for three different sizes to investigate the size effect on phonon spectra. Phonon group velocity has also been calculated for each phonon branch by numerical differentiation.
APPLICATION OF CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION TO ACTIVE CONTROL OF AEROELASTIC RESPONSE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Active control of aeroelastic response is a complex in which the designer usually tries to satisfy many criteria which are often conflicting. To further complicate the design problem, the state space equations describing this type of control problem are usually of high order, involving a large number of states to represent the flexible structure and unsteady aerodynamics. Control laws based on the standard Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) method are of the same high order as the aeroelastic plant. To overcome this disadvantage of the LQG mode, an approach developed for designing low order optimal control laws which uses a nonlinear programming algorithm to search for the values of the control law variables that minimize a composite performance index, was extended to the constrained optimization problem. The method involves searching for the values of the control law variables that minimize a basic performance index while satisfying several inequality constraints that describe the design criteria. The method is applied to gust load alleviation of a drone aircraft.
Devolatilization of African Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Husk studied by TG-MS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using simultaneous thermogravimetrical analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy, the pyrolysis of African palm husk, using several heat rates and programs was performed. Seven relations of mass/charge were followed of the evolved gas of the pyrolysis process, fitting the kinetics and the mass spectroscopy signals to the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) with different numbers of pseudo-components. Fitting with four pseudo-components proved to be the best for modeling the thermal degradation process. Kinetic parameters were not affected by the heating rate or program employed, which agrees with other reports for similar biomass. Methane, methanol formaldehyde, furfural were successfully fitted to the DAEM model, nevertheless CO2 and NO2 were not able to be represented by this model due to its production in secondary reactions in gaseous phase.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival of patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection: a meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is suggested as a prognostic and predictive factor for patients with rectal cancer. The purpose of the current meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the outcome of patients, with rectal cancer receiving chemoradiation and surgery. A systematic review on two databases and a selection of studies were done. Thereafter, two meta-analyses were performed, evaluating the relationship of baseline NLR with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Thirty-one retrospective studies were selected. Twenty-six studies have documented a significant relationship of NLR to OS (HR 2.05, CI 1.66–2.53), whereas 23 studies have reported a weaker but significant relationship of NLR to DFS (HR 1.78, CI 1.49–2.12). Among the moderator variables, a possible effect for age and sex on the relationship of NLR with DFS is suggested. Baseline NLR >3 is a simple and reproducible prognostic factor, with a more consistent effect in the elderly. It could be a reliable variable to support clinicians in defining personalized treatment strategies, even though a standardization of the cutoff and a better characterization among microsatellite unstable rectal tumors are necessary.
Analisis “Kegagalan” Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap di Kabupaten Pati

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cluster 3 is a product of the Complete Systematic Land Registration/ Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) where physical data collection has been carried out on PTSL objects, but the certificate cannot be issued due to several reasons behind it. Cluster 3 in the implementation of PTSL in Pati Regency is 83,873 fields, this number is an accumulation of cluster 3 within a period of three years, namely from 2019 to 2021 and there has been no significant effort made by the Pati Regency Land Office to suppress or solve the cluster 3 problem. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with observation and interview. The results of research that has been carried out in two villages in Pati Regency, namely Prawoto Village and Wegil Village show that the factors causing cluster 3 in the implementation of PTSL are unproductive soil conditions, the delivery of information on the implementation of PTSL that is not on target to the community, there is a concern for the community towards the land program. Another thing is that the ease of access to capital (without land certificates) in banks contributes to the refusal of people to be involved in PTSL. The author concludes that the state should take more appropriate approaches regarding the needs and guarantees of legal certainty over residents' land, because the legalization of assets in addition to the state's need to map all land is also to be able to guarantee the certainty of land owned by the community.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE UNUSUAL CYTOPLASMIC LACUNAE OF THE PORCINE HEPATOCYTE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The most unusual and characteristic feature of the fine structure of the porcine hepatocyte is the presence of large lacunae in the cytoplasm (1). The lacunae are only observed in electron microscope preparations of hepatic tissue, and they appear as large spaces enclosed by a single membrane. There is no documented account of similar structures in other mammal ian hepatocytes (2-4), and they appear to be unique to the porcine hepatocyte. No function has been ascribed to them Their specialized association with other cytoplasmic organelles has not been established, and it has been suggested (1) that they may be derived from or be in continuity with either the bile canaliculus or the space of Disse The present paper describes further observations which show
Fast Response CO2 Sensor for Automotive Exhaust Gas Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A fast response sensor for measuring carbon dioxide concentration has been developed for laboratory research and tested on a spark ignition engine. The sensor uses the well known infra-red absorption technique with a miniaturized detection system and short capillary sampling tubes, giving a time constant of approximately 5 milliseconds; this is sufficiently fast to observe changes in CO<sub>2</sub> levels on a cycle-by-cycle basis under normal operating conditions. The sensor is easily located in the exhaust system and operates continuously.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The sensor was tested on a standard production four cylinder spark-ignition engine to observe changes in CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in exhaust gas under steady state and transient operating conditions. The processed sensor signal was compared to a standard air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) sensor in the exhaust stream and the results are presented here. The high frequency response CO<sub>2</sub> measurements give new insights into both engine and catalyst transient operation.</div>
Parental Involvement: Parent Perceptions and Teacher Perceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of parents and teachers regarding effective parental involvement with elementary students based on Epstein et al.'s (2009) 6 typologies of parental involvement. The population consisted of 77 teachers in a particular east Tennessee school district and the parents of 889 students enrolled in kindergarten through 6th grade. Parents and teachers were asked to indicate the effectiveness of 4 activities within each of the 6 parental involvement categories: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community. Parents and teachers were asked to rank each activity numerically with 1 indicating not effective and 5 indicating highly effective. A ranking of 2, 3, or 4 indicated an activity between not effective and highly effective. In a separate section, parents and teachers were asked to rank the 5 most important activities from a list of specific parental involvement activities.\nFindings indicated that parents and teachers in this study have some similar views and some differing views regarding effective parental involvement. Parents and teachers in this study shared similar perspectives by ranking the top 5 specific parental involvement activities from a list of 10 specific activities. Parents and teachers used a Likert scale to indicate the effectiveness of activities from Epstein et al.'s (2009) 6 typologies: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community. The t-test indicated significant differences in the perceptions of parents and teachers regarding effective parental involvement in 5 of the 6 typologies. ANOVA and post hoc analysis revealed significant differences among the parent population based on age, education level, gender, and race. No significant differences were identified among the teacher population based on the 4 demographic areas examined: age, education level, teaching experience, and gender. This study revealed that parents and teachers surveyed had some similar perceptions and some differing perceptions regarding effective parental involvement, but both groups identified communicating as the most important typology from Epstein et al.'s (2009) 6 major types of involvement.
Recent Progress in High Intensity Operation of the Fermilab Accelerator Complex

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the status of the Fermilab accelerator complex. Beam delivery to the neutrino experiments surpassed our goals for the past year. The Proton Improvement Plan is well underway with successful 15 Hz beam operation. Beam power of 700 kW to the NOvA experiment was demonstrated and will be routine in the next year. We are also preparing the Muon Campus to commission beam to the g-2 experiment.
An Analysis of Extreme Rainfall Events in Cambodia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Extreme rainfall, also known as heavy rainfall or intense precipitation, is a weather event characterized by a significant amount of rainfall within a short period. This study analyzes the trends in extreme precipitation indices at 17 stations in four main regions in Cambodia—the Tonle Sap, coastal, Mekong Delta, and Upper Mekong regions—between 1991 and 2021. Analyzing the data with RClimDex v1.9 reveals diverse spatial and temporal variations. The statistical analysis of the extreme rainfall indices in Cambodia from 1991 to 2021 reveals significant trends. In the Tonle Sap region, consecutive dry days (CDDs) increased at most stations, except Battabang, Kampong Thmar, and Pursat, while consecutive wet days (CWDs) increased at most stations. These trends align with rising temperatures and reduced forest cover. In the coastal region, particularly at the Krong Khemarak Phummin station, most rainfall indices increased, with a slope value of 89.94 mm/year. The extreme rainfall indices max. 1-day precipitation (RX1day) and max. 5-day precipitation (RX5day) also increased, suggesting higher precipitation on days exceeding the 95th (R95p) and 99th percentiles (R99p). The Kampot station showed a significant increase in CDDs, indicating a heightened drought risk. In the Mekong Delta, the Prey Veng station recorded a decrease in the CDDs slope value by −4.892 days/year, indicating potential drought risks. The Stung Treng station, which is the only station in Upper Mekong, showed a decreasing trend in CDDs with a slope value of −1.183 days/year, indicating a risk of extreme events. These findings underscore the complex interplay between climate change, land use, and rainfall patterns in Cambodia.
PAF-Net: A Progressive and Adaptive Fusion Network for Pavement Crack Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic crack detection remains challenging due to factors such as irregular crack shapes and sizes, uneven illumination, complex backgrounds, and image noise. Deep learning has shown promise in computer vision for pixel-wise crack detection, but existing methods still suffer from limitations such as information loss, insufficient feature fusion, and semantic gap issues. To address these challenges, a novel pavement crack segmentation network, called PAF-Net, is proposed, which incorporates progressive and adaptive feature fusion. To mitigate information loss caused by feature downsampling, a progressive context fusion (PCF) block is introduced to capture context information from adjacent scales. To better capture strong features from local regions, a dual attention (DA) block is proposed that leverages both global and local context information, reducing the semantic gap issue. Furthermore, to achieve effective multi-scale feature fusion, a dynamic weight learning (DWL) block is proposed that enables efficient fusion of feature maps from different network layers. Additionally, a multi-scale input unit is incorporated to provide the proposed segmentation network with more contextual information. To evaluate the performance of PAF-Net, we conduct experiments using four common evaluation metrics and compare it with multiple mainstream segmentation models on three public datasets. The proposed PAF-Net demonstrates superior segmentation accuracy for pixel-level crack detection compared to other segmentation models, as evident from qualitative and quantitative experimental results.
Coalition war and burden-sharing: the President vs the Congress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines past U.S. Approaches to coalitions and efforts to forge alliances in peace and war in the 20th century. Specifically, it analyses the conflict between the executive and legislative branches with respect to coalition building and burden-sharing. The thesis suggests that the amount of Congressional activism depends upon the perception of an external threat among member of the legislative branch. Likewise, the thesis highlights the tension between Congressional desires to impose the burden upon allies while retaining exclusive control over coalition policy and forces. The thesis suggests that the amount of Congressional activism depends upon the perception of an external threat among members of the legislative branch. Likewise, the thesis highlights the tension between Congressional desires to impose the burden upon allies while retaining exclusive control over coalition policy and forces. The thesis concludes with a case study of Operation Desert Storm and burden-sharing. Finally, the author warns of dangerous precedent established by the shift in burden-sharing responsibilities in the recent past between the executive and legislative bodies.