jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spinal astrocytic activation contributes to both induction and maintenance of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 receptor-induced long-lasting mechanical allodynia in mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors are present in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia, suggesting an important role of PACAP–PACAP receptors signaling system in the modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission. We have previously reported that a single intrathecal injection of PACAP or a PACAP specific (PAC1) receptor selective agonist, maxadilan, in mice induced dose-dependent aversive behaviors, which lasted more than 30 min, and suggested that the maintenance of the nociceptive behaviors was associated with the spinal astrocytic activation. Results We found that a single intrathecal administration of PACAP or maxadilan also produced long-lasting hind paw mechanical allodynia, which persisted at least 84 days without affecting thermal nociceptive threshold. In contrast, intrathecal application of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide did not change mechanical threshold, and substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or N-methyl-D-aspartate induced only transient mechanical allodynia, which disappeared within 21 days. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses with an astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, revealed that the spinal PAC1 receptor stimulation caused sustained astrocytic activation, which also lasted more than 84 days. Intrathecal co-administration of L-α-aminoadipate, an astroglial toxin, with PACAP or maxadilan almost completely prevented the induction of the mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, intrathecal treatment of L-α-aminoadipate at 84 days after the PAC1 stimulation transiently reversed the mechanical allodynia accompanied by the reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression level. Conclusion Our data suggest that spinal astrocytic activation triggered by the PAC1 receptor stimulation contributes to both induction and maintenance of the long-term mechanical allodynia.
Urban Informatics and the Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on a recent report from the United Nations, more than 50% of the world's population currently lives in cities. This percentage is projected to increase to 70% by the year 2050 [1]. As massive amounts of people move to urban areas there is a need for cities to be run more efficiently, while at the same time improving the quality of life of their dwellers. Nevertheless, the exact same force that sets the above requirement, i.e., the proliferation of urbanization levels, makes this task much harder and challenging, especially in megacities. Despite the aforementioned conflicting dynamics, many city management operations can be facilitated by appropriate exploitation of the unprecedented amount of data that can be made available to authorities from a variety of sources. In the era of big data and ubiquitous and pervasive mobile computing, different types of sensors such as parking meters, weather sensors, traffic sensors, pipe sensors, public transportation ticket readers and even human sensors (e.g., through web technologies, social media or cell phone usage data) can assist in these efforts. Furthermore, civic applications can exploit web and mobile technologies to deliver a livable, sustainable and resilient environment to the citizens. Harnessing these information streams and technologies presents many challenges that are in the epicenter of this tutorial. In this tutorial we will present the current practices and methods in the emerging field of urban informatics as well as the open challenges. The topics to be covered in this tutorial are structured in three sessions: (i) introduction to urban studies and urban informatics, (ii) civic data and technologies for urban sensing and (iii) analytical techniques used for urban data analysis. Finally, we will also provide concrete examples of urban informatics applications.
Numerical Simulation of NASA Trap-Wing Model as a Colombian Contribution to the High-Lift Prediction Workshop

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a contribution to the development of a methodology to accurately predict high lift wing con gurations using CFD. Initially, cases from the 1 AIAA High Lift Prediction Workshop were reproduced in order to validate the simulation process. After obtaining accurate and satisfactory results, grid adaptation techniques were explored to improve aerodynamic performance predictions especially at high angle of attack. Furthermore, RANS and hybrid RANS-LES turbulent models were explored to determine if these had any considerable e ects in these predictions. Results showed that grid adaptation techniques did not have appreciable improvements; however the hybrid RANS-LES model did increase the accuracy of the dynamics of the simulate ow and improved the pressure distribution prediction, particularly at locations close to the wing tip.
Let's Debate: Active Learning Encourages Student Participation and Critical Thinking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Structured classroom debates (SCDs), whereby teams of students debate a question prepared outside of class, help advance two goals many political science instructors struggle to achieve with their students: classroom participation beyond the "usual suspects" present in every classroom and critical thinking and analysis of political issues. This article explains the methods used by the author and several colleagues to introduce SCDs into multiple types of political science courses based on the author's extensive experience with conducting such debates in a wide range of classes, and the contributions such an approach has demonstrated on student understanding and communication of political issues. Topics addressed include differences in debate format and preparation for different class levels and sizes; how to accommodate students of different abilities through effective team and role management; grading options/methods of evaluation; and approaches to engaging the entire classroom in this active learning exercise. Evaluation of the merits of the approach also is provided based on a systematic analysis of student course evaluations and on comparative observations of the author and other instructors who have employed the approach.
Non-surgical treatment of variceal haemorrhage.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bleeding from gastro-oesophageal varices is a serious medical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in treatment include the use of safer vasoactive agents, endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate, endoscopic variceal ligation and radiological porto-systemic shunt. This article will discuss these new therapies and suggest an integrated approach to the management of variceal haemorrhage.
Parental Attachment and Adult Attachment: The Moderating Role of Dispositional Forgiveness and Gratitude

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Secure parental attachment, characterized by trust, care, and autonomy granting, is associated with improved psychological functioning and adjustment to college and is often associated with adult attachment relationships. Similarly, adult attachment, a characteristic of adult relationships, has been associated with improved college adjustment. Individual differences such as dispositional forgiveness and gratitude are often associated with secure adult attachment but have not been examined in relation to parent child attachment. The current study examined dispositional forgiveness and gratitude as moderators of the relationship between parental attachment and adult attachment. A sample of 185 college students participated and as expected, parental attachment inversely predicted anxious and avoidant adult attachment. Further, dispositional gratitude significantly predicted anxious adult attachment. Contrary to hypotheses, results indicated that trait gratitude did not moderate the relationship between parental attachment and adult attachment. Trait forgiveness did not have a significant independent effect on anxious nor avoidant adult attachment but significantly moderated the relationship between parental attachment and anxious adult attachment. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Who's listening?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper outlines ways in which traumatised children remain invisible and argues that play is one means of giving children a voice in the therapeutic environment. It begins with a discussion of the ways in which children's trauma often remains invisible. It outlines briefly the impact of trauma and offers an alternate construction to the dominant discourse, arguing that each child's experience is unique and that his/her voice must be heard at each stage of the process if therapy is to be effective. The relevance of play in therapeutic work with children is then discussed, drawing on research and clinical experience to illustrate the significance of play in giving children a voice and achieving positive therapeutic outcomes. In the final section, the implications for adults' interaction with children in other contexts is outlined and the implications for adult psychotherapy are also explored.
Double-blind trial of sustained- release amitriptyline compared to severe depressive illness with viloxazine in moderate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryA double-blind study was carried out in 50 in-patients suffering from depressive illness to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of viloxazine and sustained-release amitriptyline. Patients were allocated at random to receive one or other of the drugs over a period of 5 weeks. During the first week, patients received 50 mg viloxazine 3-times daily or 50 mg sustained-release amitriptyline as a single night dose. Dosages were then doubled and maintained at this level for the following 4 weeks unless reduction was necessary because of intolerance. A 'double-dummy' system was used because the two preparations could not be prepared in identical form. Both drugs were shown to be effective antidepressants, judged by reductions in the Hamilton and Beck rating scale scores and by global assessment of response, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments. Side-effects were mainly mild, bat moderate to severe intolerance was more common with viloxazine. Weight gain was a noticeable feature in the amitriptyline-treated group, whereas weight loss occurred with those on viloxazine.
The Unfolded Protein Response: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Acute Leukemias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive response triggered by the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due, among other causes, to altered cell protein homeostasis (proteostasis). UPR is mediated by three main sensors, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α). Given that proteostasis is frequently disregulated in cancer, UPR is emerging as a critical signaling network in controlling the survival, selection, and adaptation of a variety of neoplasias, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and glioblastoma. Indeed, cancer cells can escape from the apoptotic pathways elicited by ER stress by switching UPR into a prosurvival mechanism instead of cell death. Although most of the studies on UPR focused on solid tumors, this intricate network plays a critical role in hematological malignancies, and especially in multiple myeloma (MM), where treatment with proteasome inhibitors induce the accumulation of unfolded proteins that severely perturb proteostasis, thereby leading to ER stress, and, eventually, to apoptosis. However, UPR is emerging as a key player also in acute leukemias, where recent evidence points to the likelihood that targeting UPR-driven prosurvival pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on the oncogene-specific regulation of individual UPR signaling arms, and we provide an updated outline of the genetic, biochemical, and preclinical therapeutic findings that support UPR as a relevant, novel target in acute leukemias.
Observation of the exciton Mott transition in the photoluminescence of coupled quantum wells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells have long radiative lifetimes and\nform a cold quasi-two-dimensional population suitable for studying collective\nquantum effects. Here we report the observation of the exciton Mott transition\nfrom an insulating (excitons) to a conducting (ionized electron-hole pairs)\nphase, which occurs gradually as a function of carrier density and temperature.\nThe transition is inferred from spectral and time-resolved photoluminescence\nmeasurements around a carrier density of $2\\times10^{10} \\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ and\ntemperatures of $12-16 \\mathrm{K}$. An externally applied electric field is\nemployed to tune the dynamics of the transition via the quantum-confined Stark\neffect. Our results provide evidence of a gradual nature of the exciton Mott\ntransition.\n
Industry—education partnerships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Quality management ideas are changing industry's production systems and, through industry-education (I-E) partnerships, are also influencing the production systems of education. These mutual changes, though not merging the two systems, allow industry and education to interact more easily and leverage the other's resources to act as agency for each other. The growing number of I-E partnerships has already begun and should continue to ease the traditionally oppositional relation between industry and education. Finally, recommendations for furthering I-E relationships and suggestions for future investigations are given. Proceeding from the premise that both planning and development of I-E partnerships require a discipline crossing, that is, an interdisciplinary approach, it is argued not that interdisciplinarity is the only useful method of viewing I-E developments, only that access should be retained to any and all useful perspectives.
sj-pdf-1-vdi-10.1177_10406387211038389 – Supplemental material for Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. as a cause of protozoal encephalitis in a free-ranging black bear

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vdi-10.1177_10406387211038389 for Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. as a cause of protozoal encephalitis in a free-ranging black bear by Jordan B. Greenfield, Madison V. Anderson, Emily A. Dorey, Elizabeth Redman, John S. Gilleard, Nicole M. Nemeth and Jamie L. Rothenburger in Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
Thermophoresis in sols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Experiments were conducted on the motion of micron-size, spherical latex particles in stagnant liquids due to applied temperature gradients. The phenomenon, called thermophoresis, has previously been reported for gases but not for liquids. Dilute suspensions of particles in water or n-hexane were trapped between two horizontal, parallel disks. The top disk was heated whereas the lower one was cooled, thus creating a temperature gradient in the liquid. The particle motion was measured by observing light reflected from the spheres with a low power microscope. The particle thermophoretic velocity, vth, was found to be a function of temperature gradient, ▽T, absolute temperature, TK, particle thermal conductivity, kp , fluid thermal conductivity, kf, viscosity, μ, and density, ρ: [ Formula omitted ] This equation was tested in the ranges 284 °K <_ TK <_ 343 °K and 7,000 °K m ̄¹ <_ ▽T <_ 30.J.00.0. °K m ̄¹ . No dependence, on particle diameter was noted. Thermophoresis in liquids is a weak effect and impractical for liquid-particle separation. It may, however, be important in engineering situations where large temperature gradients occur.
Application of fading-memory polynomial filters to the control of an electric motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recursive fading-memory polynomial (FMP) filters are used to support the frequency-domain design of digital lead/lag compensators, with two degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) in a dc motor-control application. Digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear-state-space observer techniques are also applied for comparison. In this tutorial-style treatment, practical matters regarding system identification and discrete-time controller implementation, on a personal computer, are discussed.
THE EPIDEMIC OF OBESITY, ITS CAUSATIVE FACTORS, PREVENTION AND CONTROL (A REVIEW STUDY FOCUSING FEMALE AND CHILDREN)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A number of factors, including societal, environmental, professional and behavioural, tend to promote the present trend of the masses towards sedentary lifestyle and its allied prevalence of obesity. Need of the hour is to address the obesity related issued accordingly to control the situation. Overweight and obesity have emerged as one of the most important global health problems. The prevalence of the menace of obesity has posed viable threat to the public of the masses in developed and developing societies. In global perspectives there are more than one billion people who have been overweight and among them, three hundred million are categorized as obese. The graph of the prevalence of over weight and obesity has been on rise. Consistent imbalance between the consumption and expenditure of the energy results in the establishment of overweight and obesity. Exercise and physical activities provide one of the most feasible and efficient way for the use of extra energy of the body. To address the epidemic of obesity, the strategy of intervention of dietary restriction in combination with the physical activities is vital in the prevention and control of the obesity.
Cavalry and the Character of Classical Warfare

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Modern scholars take for granted that the hoplite held pride of place in the Greek way of war. But the Greeks themselves do not seem to have been so certain. This chapter draws on a large body of literary evidence to show that hoplites conceived of themselves as inferior and vulnerable to cavalry, and to explain how their fear of this warrior type shaped warfare at a tactical and strategic level. Effective cavalry was not an innovation of the fourth century; it was central to Greek warfare throughout the Classical period, and the hoplite body's need for countermeasures left marks on Greek military practice that are clear from the earliest historical accounts. While much work has been done on Greek horsemen in recent years, the strategic and tactical impact of this troop type continues to be underestimated. This chapter therefore focuses not only on the ways in which cavalry influenced warfare, but also on the reasons why it may appear less important than it was. Contemporary sources sometimes require interpretation, but they cannot be blamed for the distortion. They show beyond doubt that, far from an underdeveloped and insignificant element of warfare, cavalry was crucial to survival in most forms of action, which is reflected in the consistent policy of Greek states to raise as many of them as their socio-economic systems could sustain. Horsemen were not just the uppermost layer of society, but also the dominant force in the military thinking of the Greeks.
[Cytotoxic effect of thermo-chemotherapy with cisplatin on osteosarcoma OS-732 cell line].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hyperthermia with cisplatin enhance cytotoxicity on osteosarcoma OS-732 cell line and the induced cell apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms of enhanced cytotoxicity by thermo-chemotherapy.
Prevalence and genotype-specific distribution of Human papillomavirus in Burundi according to HIV status and urban or rural residence and its implications for control

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Human papillomaviruses are the most important causative agents for invasive cervical cancer development. HPV type-specific vaccination and HPV cervical cancer screening methods are being widely recommended to control the disease but the epidemiology of the circulating HPV types may vary locally. The circulating HPV-strains have never been assessed in Burundi. This study determined the prevalence and genotype-specific distribution of HPV in four different strata in Burundi: HIV-infected or non-infected and women living in rural or urban areas. Implications for HPV diagnosis and vaccine implementation was discussed. Methods Four cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Burundi (2013 in a rural area and 2016 in urban area) among rural and urban HIV-infected and uninfected women. Cytology and HPV genotyping was performed to screen women for cervical cancer lesions. Risk factors for HPV infection and cervical cancer lesions were determined using logistic regression model. Results HPV prevalence was very high in urban area with significant differences between HIV-positive and negative women (p<0.0001). In fact, 45.7% of HIV-positive participants were infected with any HPV type and all were infected with at least one HR/pHR-HPV type. Among the HIV-negative participants, 13.4% were HPV-infected, of whom, only 4 women (2.7%) were infected with HR/pHR-HPV types. In rural, HPV infection did not significantly differ between HIV-positive and negative women (30.0% and 31.3% respectively; p=0.80). In urban, multiple infections with HR/pHR-HPV types were detected in 13.9% and 2.7% among HIV-positive and negative women respectively (p<0.0001), whereas in rural, multiple infections with HR/pHR-HPV types were detected in 4.7% and 3.3% of HIV positive and negative women respectively (p=0.56). The most prevalent HR/pHR-HPV types in HIV-positive urban women were HPV 52, 51 and 56. In the HIV-negative urban women, the most prevalent HR/pHR-HPV types were HPV 66, 67 and 18. In HIV-positive rural women, the most prevalent HR/pHR-HPV types were HPV 66, 16 and 18. In the HIV-negative rural women, the most prevalent HR/pHR-HPV types were HPV 16, 66 and 18. Independent risk factors associated with cervical lesions were HPV and HIV infections. Conclusions There is a high burden of HR/pHR-HPV infections, in particular among HIV-infected urban women. The study points out the need to introduce a comprehensive cervical cancer control program adapted to the context. This study shows that the nonavalent vaccine covers most of the HR/pHR-HPV infections in rural and urban areas among HIV-infected and uninfected women.
Digital Storytelling for Employability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This publication results from the research work undertaken by the partner institutions involved in the KA3-ICT Project Transversal Lifelong Learning Programme, Learn about finding jobs from digital storytelling(143429-2008-LLP-RO-KA3-KA3MP), with the main purpose of enhancing graduates' employability possibilities. For graduating students looking for a job it is perhaps harder than ever to meet success on the job market. They must use every tool they know to express themselves and to reflect their knowledge, competences and skills. The book aims to explain the main aspects of using digital storytelling as a method for employability, career development, reflection, assessment, consultancy, presentation and communication. Through digital storytelling, students begin to comprehend how all the elements of writing a narrative work together and how to manipulate them for the best effects in readers and viewers. Also, sharing and evaluating digital stories among peers is an excellent way to foster self-expression and tolerance and to create an engaged community of learners.