jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transition from hexagons to rolls in convection in fluids under non-Boussinesq conditions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The transition between hexagons and rolls in convective patterns has been studied. The transition thresholds and changes in the Nusselt number are discussed theoretically in terms of calculations made by Busse (1967 a ) and with amplitude equations. Experiments have been done in a shallow layer of pure water under non-Boussinesq conditions using complementary techniques: shadowgraph (qualitative), optical (based on the deflections of a laser beam) and calorimetric. The experimental values of the critical Rayleigh number R c and the critical wavenumber k c are in agreement with theoretical ones. However, theory and experiments show some discrepancies in the slopes of the non-dimensional convective heat flow curve and in the thresholds of the hysteretic hexagons-rolls transition. These discrepancies are discussed in terms of lateral effects and of the presence of defects in the pattern.
The upper bound function of nonadiabatic dynamics in parametric driving quantum systems*

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The adiabatic control is a powerful technique for many practical applications in quantum state engineering, light-driven chemical reactions and geometrical quantum computations. This paper reveals a speed limit of nonadiabatic transition in a general time-dependent parametric quantum system that leads to an upper bound function which lays down an optimal criteria for the adiabatic controls. The upper bound function of transition rate between instantaneous eigenstates of a time-dependent system is determined by the power fluctuations of the system relative to the minimum gap between the instantaneous levels. In a parametric Hilbert space, the driving power corresponds to the quantum work done by the parametric force multiplying the parametric velocity along the parametric driving path. The general two-state time-dependent models are investigated as examples to calculate the bound functions in some general driving schemes with one and two driving parameters. The calculations show that the upper bound function provides a tighter real-time estimation of nonadiabatic transition and is closely dependent on the driving frequencies and the energy gap of the system. The deviations of the real phase from Berry phase on different closed paths are induced by the nonadiabatic transitions and can be efficiently controlled by the upper bound functions. When the upper bound is adiabatically controlled, the Berry phases of the electronic spin exhibit nonlinear step-like behaviors and it is closely related to topological structures of the complicated parametric paths on Bloch sphere.
The Thefts of the Mona Lisa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Historian Charney tracks the eventful life of the Mona Lisa in this rollicking account.... The result is both a thrilling tale of true crime and a rigorous work of art history." — Publishers Weekly, Starred Review From the artwork to its theft and role in popular culture, the critically-acclaimed book The Thefts of the Mona Lisa (Foreword Reviews, Publishers Weekly, Starred Review, Booklist, Library Journal, and Kirkus Reviews) provides the complete story of this work of art, as written by a bestselling, Pulitzer finalist author. Leonardo da Vinci’s portrait, called the Mona Lisa, is without doubt the world’s most famous painting. It achieved its fame not only because it is a remarkable example of Renaissance portraiture, created by an acclaimed artistic and scientific genius, but because of its criminal history. The Mona Lisa (also called La Gioconda or La Joconde) was stolen on 21 August 1911 by an Italian, Vincenzo Peruggia. Peruggia was under the mistaken impression that the Mona Lisa had been stolen from Italy during the Napoleonic era, and he wished to take back for Italy one of his country’s greatest treasures. His successful theft of the painting from the Louvre, the farcical manhunt that followed, and Peruggia’s subsequent trial in Florence were highly publicized, sparking the attention of the international media, and catapulting an already admired painting into stratospheric heights of fame. This book reveals the art and criminal history of the Mona Lisa. Charney examines the criminal biography of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa, with a focus on separating fact from fiction in the story of what is not only the most famous art heist in history, but which is the single most famous theft of all time. In the process he delves into Leonardo’s creation of the Mona Lisa, discusses why it is so famous, and investigates two other events in its history of theft and renown. First, it examines the so-called “affaire des statuettes,” in which Pablo Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire were arrested under suspicion of involvement in the theft of the Mona Lisa. Second, there has long been a question as to whether the Nazis stole the Mona Lisa during the Second World War—a question that this book seeks to resolve.
Information and the trade-off between food safety and food security in rural markets: Experimental evidence from Malawi

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We implemented a clustered randomized control trial with experimental auctions among 1,098 rural households in Malawi to evaluate whether providing training about food safety increased demand for safe groundnut. We measured the impact of training on demand for observable and unobservable dimensions of quality, at harvest and in the lean season. We found that the control group who was not trained valued sorted grains (an indicator of observable quality) only. At harvest, both trained and untrained consumers placed statistically equal premiums on food safety labeling (an indicator of otherwise-unobservable quality). However, in the lean season, untrained consumers' premiums for food safety labeling disappeared, while trained consumers' premiums for food safety labeling increased.
Research on Users' Trust of Chatbots Driven by AI: An Empirical Analysis Based on System Factors and User Characteristics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

AI chatbots have been widely used in e-commerce, which can improve service efficiency and reduce labor cost markedly. However, consumers' evaluation of intelligent customer service is mixed. This paper explores the impact of system factors and user characteristics on service perception and users' trust. Based on the social presence theory, this study constructs the trust research model of AI chatbots. The main results show that perceived personalization, perceived media richness and past usage experience positively influence social presence, cognitive reactance has a negative impact on social presence, social presence has a positive impact on users' trust. By investigating the features influencing trust, this study provides relevant technical improvement and marketing suggestions for managers.
Satellite Observed Land Surface Greening in Summer Controlled by the Precipitation Frequency Rather Than Its Total Over Tibetan Plateau

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Land surface greening has substantially changed the carbon sequestration and hydrological processes over Tibetan Plateau (TP). Previous studies have revealed that the increased total precipitation ( P total ) is the main driver of the enhanced peak growth in TP. However, the role of precipitation pattern, especially the frequency of precipitation ( P freq , number of rainy days [>0.1 mm]), has not been well analyzed. We used time series of satellite‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to investigate the effect of P freq in controlling the peak growth (the maximum of the NDVI [NDVI max ]) of different vegetation types in TP for the period of 1982–2015. We found that the widespread greening trend with P total disappeared when P freq was introduced as a controlling variable, and that P freq alone contributed more than P total to the increase of NDVI max . The underlying mechanism for the higher contribution of P freq than P total to NDVI max is that increased P freq significantly improved soil moisture, reduced daytime temperature while increased nighttime temperature, thereby alleviating summer drought. Our results highlight the importance of P freq in interpreting the variation of peak growth, and these effects might be better represented in ecosystem models by considering P freq rather than P total alone with future climate change.
Behavioral Biases and Nonadditive Dynamics in Risk Taking: An Experimental Investigation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the dynamics of gambling and how they can affect risk-taking behavior in regions not explored by Kahneman and Tversky's Prospect Theory. Specifically, it questions why extreme outcomes do not fit the theory and proposes alternative ways to measure prospects. The paper introduces a measure of contrast between gambles and conducts an experiment to test the hypothesis that individuals prospect gambles with nonadditive dynamics differently. The results suggest a strong bias towards certain options, which challenges the predictions of Kahneman and Tversky's theory.
BRIEF REPORT Perceptual, not Memorial, Disruption Underlies Emotion-Induced Blindness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emotion-induced blindness refers to impaired awareness of stimuli appearing in the temporal wake of an emotionally arousing stimulus (S. B. Most, Chun, Widders, &amp; Zald, 2005). In previous emotion-induced blindness experiments, participants withheld target responses until the end of a rapid stream of stimuli, even though each target appeared in the middle of the stream. The resulting interval between the targets’ offset and participants ’ initiation of a response leaves open the possibility that emotion-induced blindness reflects a failure to encode or maintain target information in memory rather than a failure of perception. In the present study, participants engaged in a typical emotion-induced blindness task but initiated a response immediately upon seeing each target. Emotion-induced blindness was nevertheless robust. This suggests that emotion-induced blindness is not attributable to the delay between awareness of a target and the initiation of a response, but rather reflects the disruptive impact of emotional distractors on mechanisms driving conscious perception.
Mechanized transplanting in system of rice intensification and its evaluation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

World Bank funded Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Bodies Restoration and Management project was implemented in river basins to produce more with less input in Tamil Nadu. SRI was introduced in mission mode approach over larger areas with the objective of maximizing the productivity of crop and water. One of the main constraints was labourers’ availability and acceptance for square planting of young seedlings. The on farm trial was conducted with 3 treatments viz., Conventional transplanting @ 20 x10 cm spacing, SRI (all components), Machine planted SRI (except planting all SRI components). Results showed that SRI with full components performed superior owing more no. of productive tillers of 22.1 /hill, 148 grains/panicle and 21.4 cm panicle length over machine planted SRI and Conventional transplanted rice (8.3 productive tillers/hill, 105 grains/panicle and 18.8 cm panicle length). Higher net income of Rs. 64,630/ha were obtained in SRI, whilst the benefit cost ratio were higher in Machine planted SRI of Rs.2.68 than SRI of Rs.2.64. SRI resulted higher water productivity of 8.38 kg/ha mm followed by machine planted SRI of 8.2 kg/ ha mm when compared to CTR owes low water productivity of 4.85 kg/ha mm. Machine planting has reduced the labour requirement for the crop establishment which in turn increased the labour productivity of 7.93 kg/man days when compared to CTR of 4.4 kg/man days. Labour saving was very much upfront with the machine. Hence, with lesser water and labour more rice can be produced in unit area by using the modified SRI transplanter.
OBSERVATIONS ON MOTILITY IN CERTAIN CYANOPHYCEÆ

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two species of Anabæna, of the family Nostocaceæ, studied in Cuba, were found to exhibit motion similar to that of the Oscillatoriaceæ. The rate of movement was independent of the presence of heterocysts or of the length of the filament, and was about one half that of actively motile Oscillatoriæ under the same conditions, but much more rapid than that previously recorded for the hormogonia of Phormidium. No rotation was observed in these species of Anabæna but several species of Oscillatoria and one species of Arihrospira were seen to customarily during free-swimming translation when observe under similar conditions.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: THE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE LESSON PLANNING AND THEIR PERFORMANCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pre-service teachers must develop a good lesson plan to teach microteaching classes successfully. The lesson plan is a teaching guideline to achieve the learning objectives and successful teaching. This study focuses on the extent of the inconsistency of pre-service teachers' lesson plans and their performance and the factors that make the inconsistency. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through virtual classroom observation, documentation, and interview. The participants of this study were 100 pre-service teachers. The result showed that the inconsistency of pre-service teachers' lesson plans and performance is higher than the consistency. Another result revealed that many factors make the inconsistency. The study implies that creating good lesson plans needs repeating and guidance from the experts because the product of a good lesson plan causes students' crucial learning outputs.Â
The "Well Learning System" - The Evolution of a Tool Into A Modern Management System for Drilling Operations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The "Well Learning System" (WLS) is a Microsoft Project adaptation formerly used to describe the processes carried out by the Drilling Engineer when planning a Drilling Operation. However, in the course of planning BP Norway's Deep Water Exploration well for the Barden prospect, the team has extended the capability and applicability of the software. It is now being used to describe, manage and report on the activities of the multi-disciplined team involved in the project; to ensure that all team members have ready access to Company polices, standards and reference manuals, and that they all have immediate access to the most up-to-date project information. It is also being used as an assurance tool, as a method of performance tracking and as a means of capturing lessons learnt throughout the planning and execution phases of the well. In this way the tool is being used to demonstrate compliance with BPN's Drilling Management System, without the need for in depth audits, and in such a way as to be responsive to the requirements imposed by evolving organisational models. P. 525
Extensive epidural pneumatosis and pneumomediastinum combined with diabetic ketoacidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message Epidural pneumatosis and pneumomediastinum are rare, benign complications of diabetic ketoacidosis. As they can mimic serious conditions including esophageal rupture, diagnostic evaluation, and attentive monitoring are crucial. Abstract Diabetic ketoacidosis can rarely present with epidural pneumatosis and pneumomediastinum, possibly due to forceful vomiting and Kussmaul breathing. Recognizing these pneumocomplications is crucial, as they can mimic severe conditions, including esophageal rupture. Consequently, diagnostic workup and vigilant monitoring are critical, even though these pneumocomplications are typically benign and self‐resolving.
A CASE REPORT ON EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ASRIGDARA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Any uterine bleeding outside the normal volume, duration, regularity or frequency is considered as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Nearly thirty percent of all gynaecological outpatient attendants are for AUB. Abnormal menstrual bleeding pattern have been traditionally expressed by terms like menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, polymenorrhagia & oligomenorrhoea. Normal menstrual cycle interval is 28 days (21-35 days), menstrual flow duration 4-5 days and normal menstrual blood loss should be 35ml (20-80 ml). Any deviation in the above criteria comes under abnormal uterine bleeding, means excessive amount of bleeding or increased duration of bleeding during menstruation or both termed as AUB. In Ayurveda same is described as Pradara. A female patient aged 22 years visited OPD of Prasuti Tantra and Stri Roga department of NIA, with complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding and prolonged menstrual bleeding more than seven days since six months. Pictorial blood loss assessment chart was used to assess the amount of blood loss before and after treatment. SF-36 questionnaire was assessed to know the improvement in quality of life. Patient was given Kutajashtakaleha 10 gm BD with cows milk.
Flexible Spending Accounts: New IRS Ruling

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Last September, the IRS announced that consumers can pay for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs with pretax dollars through health care flexible spending accounts (FSAs) provided by employers' benefit programs. Typically, FSAs provide only for prescription drugs and medical expenses not covered by insurance. As more prescription drugs are moving to OTC status, which is costlier than the prescription copay premium, the ruling comes as a salvation for chronic sufferers of heartburn and allergies, among other aliments. Additionally, it is a bright spot for employers who offer FSAs but have decreased supplementary benefits because of rising costs, but need to retain valued employees.
Imaging Performance of a 1 mm3 Resolution Clinical PET System in the Presence of Out of FOV Activity from a Realistic Torso Phantom

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1850 Objectives High resolution PET offers an effective way to guide the clinical management of breast cancer alongside traditional imaging modalities. We are building a dual panel 1 mm3-resolution PET camera dedicated to breast imaging, which increases photon sensitivity by placing the PET panels close to the breast. This setup puts the imaging heads near regions with high uptake outside the FOV, such as the liver or heart. Out of FOV (OFOV) activity causes increased dead time and random coincidences, both of which decrease the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the image. We have designed a realistic torso phantom to quantify the effects of OFOV uptake on imaging performance during a breast PET scan. Methods Two scans are performed with a µ-Derenzo phantom, one with the OFOV torso phantom present, and one without. The scans are performed with two functioning sections of opposing flat panel imaging heads, with a sensitive FOV of 22mm x 160 mm x 64 mm. In the first study, the phantom is injected with 200 µCi of FDG, and imaged at the center of the FOV without any OFOV activity. For the second study, the µ-Derenzo phantom is filled in the same manner, while the torso phantom is filled with a total of 1.7 mCi and placed outside of the FOV in an anatomically consistent position relative to the breast. Both scans are taken over 105 minutes with a time window of 20 ns. The minimum-resolvable rod size, randoms fraction, CNR, timing and energy resolutions are reported. Results Rods of 1.2mm are resolvable in both scans. The results are quantified in the table below. Conclusions The imaging performance of a µ-Derenzo scan is quantified with and without the presence of OFOV activity from a realistic torso phantom. The results demonstrate that our high-resolution clinical breast PET scanner is resistant to image degradation in the presence of realistic OFOV uptake in the torso. Research Support This work is funded in part by NIH grant R01 CA119056. D.F.C. Hsu and D.L. Freese are supported by the Stanford Graduate Fellowship. D.L. Freese is also supported by an NSF Fellowship.
Aureole structure of 1.4 Ga plutons in southern Colorado and their tectonic implications

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study focused on the structural and metamorphic evolution of two 1.4 Ga plutons intruded along the Mazatzal-Yavapai crustal boundary in Colorado. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role 1.4 Ga plutonism played in the tectonic development of southern Laurentia. The 1.44 Ga Oak Creek pluton intrudes upper amphibolite facies gneisses of the Wet Mountains in central Colorado. Quantitative metamorphic petrology and mineral assemblages indicate the pluton intruded at ∼900 MPa and ∼800°C during regional metamorphism, corresponding to paleo-depths of ∼25 km. The Eolus Granite of the Needle Mountains of southwest Colorado intrudes a cover sequence deposited during Mazatzal orogenesis and a sequence of amphibolite facies gneisses, which form the basement. Mineral textures and quantitative pressure-temperature estimates record a metamorphic field gradient adjacent to the pluton from ∼450°C at distance from the pluton, to ∼675°C at the pluton's contact at 300 MPa confining pressures corresponding to paleo-depths of ∼8 kilometers. The Oak Creek Pluton cooled at rates of ∼1°C/Ma following emplacement, whereas the aureole of the Eolus granite cooled at ∼8°C/Ma. Structures within and adjacent to both plutons are consistent with NW-SE shortening and NE-SW extension. These shortening and extension directions are most consistent with a distant transform or transpressive plate boundary along the margin of Laurentia at 1.4 Ga. The contrasting depth of burial of the two plutons and their distinct cooling histories requires major differential exhumation along the Mazatzal Front after 1.4 Ga.
2. The Chinese Imperial Family

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

NOTES AND QUERIES. 2. THE CHINESE IMPERIAL FAMILY. We have the pleasure to reprint here for the benefit of our subscribers a very important paper, quite out of print, by the late F. MAYERS, which was at first published as an Appendix of the translation of the Peking gazette (M of 4875 in the "North China Herald and Supreme Court and Con- sular Gazette" of January 4875. As a newspaper article, it has had only an ephemerical existence and the few reprints made from it and distributed by the author, to whom we have also been indebted for the copy
Clinical perspectives on antimicrobial stewardship.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter provides an overview of strategies relevant to the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals, including: (1) identification of prevalent resistance patterns; (2) formulary restriction; (3) optimization of antimicrobial therapy; (4) collaboration between infectious clinicians and pharmacists; (5) electronic surveillance; (6) education; and (7) measurement of antibiotic use.