jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Machine learning with bond information for local structure optimizations in surface science

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Local optimization of adsorption systems inherently involves different scales: within the substrate, within the molecule, and between the molecule and the substrate. In this work, we show how the explicit modeling of different characteristics of the bonds in these systems improves the performance of machine learning methods for optimization. We introduce an anisotropic kernel in the Gaussian process regression framework that guides the search for the local minimum, and we show its overall good performance across different types of atomic systems. The method shows a speed-up of up to a factor of two compared with the fastest standard optimization methods on adsorption systems. Additionally, we show that a limited memory approach is not only beneficial in terms of overall computational resources but can also result in a further reduction of energy and force calculations.
Indian childhood cirrhosis: an inherited disorder of tryptophan metabolism?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Urine samples from members of 29 families of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and nine families with related disorders gave positive reactions when tested with ferric chloride. Column chromatography showed that this was due to the presence of abnormally large amounts of tryptophan metabolites, notably 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Affected pedigrees had a significantly greater prevalence of peptic ulcer, adult cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, migraine, and Parkinsonism than a control population. ICC may result from an inborn error of tryptophan metabolism in susceptible ethnic groups.
Biodegradation of fluoroquinolones by single bacteria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

C. L. Amorim, I. S. Moreira, A. Maia, M. E. Tiritan and P. M. L. Castro 1 CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal 2 Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude (CICS), Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude-Norte, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal 3 CEQUIMED-UP, Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Anibal Cunha 164, 4050047 Porto, Portugal
Lysosomes and Brain Health

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

One of the fundamental properties of the cell is the capability to digest and remodel its own components according to metabolic and developmental needs. This is accomplished via the autophagy-lysosome system, a pathway of critical importance in the brain, where it contributes to neuronal plasticity and must protect nonreplaceable neurons from the potentially harmful accumulation of cellular waste. The study of lysosomal biogenesis and function in the context of common and rare neurodegenerative diseases has revealed that a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosome system is the shared nexus where multiple, interconnected pathogenic events take place. The characterization of pathways and mechanisms regulating the lysosomal system and autophagic clearance offers unprecedented opportunities for the development of polyvalent therapeutic strategies based on the enhancement of the autophagy-lysosome pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis and achieve neuroprotection.
Constituting ethnic difference : an ethnography of the Portuguese immigrant experience in Vancouver

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ethnic groups are a visible feature of Canadian society. That this is so indicates that there must be methods for making them recognizable as well as methods of accounting for that visible difference. In this thesis, I am concerned to explicate the socially organized practices which constitute particular members and groups in society as different from other members and groups. The argument presented is that it is the practices of all members of society which constitute this difference, rather than the difference being an attribute of any particular ethnic, or immigrant group. The work proceeds in two ways. First, the constitution of ethnic difference, located in the theoretical literature, is investigated. It is demonstrated that the theoretical formulations rest on an unexplicated common-sense understanding of ethnic groups and their members as different. Second, observations and descriptions of the everyday lived relations of Portuguese immigrants are analyzed. The observations include interviews with social service workers, taped discussions of participants at a conference on multiculturalism, as well as interviews with Portuguese immigrants themselves. This second source of data provides an understanding of how difference is constituted in descriptions and explanations of ethnic phenomena in Vancouver. Through the use of a method of analysis derived from Marx and developed for sociology by Smith, I have focussed the ethnography on the socially organized practices which constitute ethnic difference in Vancouver. The enactment of ethnicity in the theoretical literature, in the fieldwork, and in the observations, explanations, descriptions and accounts are treated a6 data for the analysis of the method by which ethnic difference is constituted socially. It is demonstrated that descriptions which reference cultural origin, like those which reference personality factors, disattend to the constitution of social location in Vancouver. Cultural descriptions are a method of constituting immigrant/ethnic difference. The location of immigrant/ethnic groups and their members within a particular social organization is recreated at every moment in the descriptions and other activities of members of society within the family, labour force and social service delivery system of Vancouver society.
Two dimensional nature of superconductivity in intercalated layered systems Li$_{x}$HfNCl and Li$_{x}$ZrNCl: muon spin relaxation and magnetization measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) and magnetization measurements, together with synthesis and characterization, of the Li-intercalated layered superconductors Li$_{x}$HfNCl and Li$_{x}$ZrNCl with/without co-intercalation of THF (tetrahydrofuran) or PC (propylene carbonate). The 3-dimensional (3-d) superfluid density $n_{s}/m^{*}$ (superconducting carrier density / effective mass), as well as the two dimensional superfluid density $n_{s2d}/m^{*}_{ab}$ (2-dimensional (2-d) area density of superconducting carriers / ab-plane effective mass), have been derived from the $μ$SR results of the magnetic-field penetration depth $λ_{ab}$ observed with external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the 2-d honeycomb layer of HfN / ZrN. In a plot of $T_{c}$ versus $n_{s2d}/m^{*}_{ab}$, most of the results lie close to the linear relationship found for underdoped high-$T_{c}$ cuprate (HTSC) and layered organic BEDT superconductors. In Li$_{x}$ZrNCl without THF intercalation, the superfluid density and $T_{c}$ for $x$ = 0.17 and 0.4 do not show much difference, reminiscent of $μ$SR results for some overdoped HTSC systems. Together with the absence of dependence of $T_{c}$ on average interlayer distance among ZrN / HfN layers, these results suggest that the 2-d superfluid density $n_{s2d}/m^{*}_{ab}$ is a dominant determining factor for $T_{c}$ in the intercalated nitride-chloride systems. We also report $μ$SR and magnetization results on depinning of flux vortices, and the magnetization results for the upper critical field $H_{c2}$ and the penetration depth $λ$. Reasonable agreement was obtained between $μ$SR and magnetization estimates of $λ$. We discuss the two dimensional nature of superconductivity in the nitride-chloride systems based on these results.
A Hierarchical Modelling Approach for Measuring Reliability of and Agreement Between Two Types Of Magnetic Field Dosimeter

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary The paper describes how to use hierarchical models to assess the reliability of and agreement between two or more types of measurement device. The idea is illustrated by fitting a linear model with nested random effects to a set of data that was obtained from the calibration of two samples of extremely low frequency magnetic field meters. The paper focuses on the formulation of a suitable model that accounts for the various aspects of the calibration protocol and the subsequent interpretation of the parameter estimates. The approach is very flexible and can easily be tuned to the various needs arising in the measurement agreement framework. It can be seen as an extension of the common practice of using a one-way random-effects model to retrieve a measure of agreement.
Sedative effect of dexmedetomidine on children undergoing removal of tracheal foreign body during tracheal extubation period

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine on children undergoing removal of tracheal foreign body during tracheal extubation period.Methods Sixty children undergoing removal of tracheal foreign body were equally randomized into two groups receiving intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (group D) and normal saline (group C), respectively, within 10 min before the induction of anesthesia. HR,MAP,RR,SpO2 and Ramsay sedation score at 1 min before extubation, extubation, 1 min and 5 min after extubation were recorded. Coughing and agitation were observed during extubation period.Results Compared with group C, HR, RR, MAP, and coughing and agitation score were lower and the Ramsay sedation score was higher in group D (P 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine premedication may provide a good sedation effect for children undergoing removal of tracheal foreign body during anesthesia emergence and reduce coughing and agitation during treacheal extubation period.
Lehrbuch der Padiatrie.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is the second edition of a textbook of pediatrics for medical students in East Germany and will be of no interest for pediatricians in this country. However, for those interested in international pediatrics and for some foreign readers a few comments may be of interest. This book, presumably a leading text in the German Democratic Republic, makes disappointing and uninspiring reading. It does cover the basics of pediatrics, but in many respects it must be considered inadequate. Although printed in 1966, almost none of the newer developments and directions in pediatrics have been incorporated into the 1,000-page text. There are plenty of tables and systematic classifications, helpful perhaps for examinations, but of limited practical value. The diagnosis and management of such important disorders, eg, osteomyelitis, bacterial and tuberculous meningitis, or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn are described rather vaguely and will not readily be converted into practical
Influence of rock layering on fracturing mechanism under tensile failure

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In a layered rock, the physical properties depend highly on the bedding which makes rock behavior directionally dependent or anisotropic. Lyons sandstone and pyrophyllite, a foliated metamorphic rock, are examples of anisotropic rocks. Circumferential velocity measurements show 11% P-wave velocity anisotropy in Lyons sandstone and 19% for pyrophyllite. In this report, we present the laboratory results of Brazilian disk test on these rocks. Using a high speed camera, the fracture initiation and propagation are evaluated as a function of bedding orientation. The failure process is a combination of three modes of central (tensile) fracture, layer activation, and non-central fracture. Results show variation in tensile strength and fracturing pattern with different orientations of bedding planes with respect to vertical loading axis. The observed tensile strength anisotropy (maximum to minimum strength ratio) is 1.7 and 1.5 for Lyons sandstone and pyrophyllite, respectively. The minimum tensile strength is observed when the fabric direction is 15 degrees to the loading direction for both rocks. The failure mode when fabric is oriented greater than 45 degrees to the loading axis becomes more close to a pure tensile fracture. Observations also indicate that when the rock supports a higher stress before failure, more central fracture and less layer activation (premature shear failure) is being expected.
Pancreaticopleural fistula: a rare cause of pleural empyema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is a rare complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. When the pancreatic duct disrupts, pancreatic fluid may leak into the retroperitoneum and fistulate into the pleural cavity. Patients usually present with thoracic complaints, making it hard to suspect an abdominal etiology. Although PPF is uncommon, one must consider this diagnosis in patients with thoracic complaints and a history of alcohol abuse or pancreatitis. Methods: We present an illustrative case and review of the literature on PPF. Results: A 47-year old man was presented with recurrent PPF due to pancreas divisum, pancreatic stones and chronic exudative pancreatitis, resulting in unilateral empyema. After initial conservative treatment, operative measures were needed. We report omentoplasty against the diaphragmatic hiatus in combination with VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) thoracotomy with decortication and debridement as a feasible operative option for resolving PPF. Conclusion: PPF is a rare complication of pancreatitis. The diagnosis is difficult to make and can be confirmed by thoracocentesis and proper imaging, preferably MRCP. Treatment options include conservative, endoscopic (ERCP) or surgical measures. Omentoplasty positioned against the diaphragmatic hiatus is a feasible technique for closure of PPF.
A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE OF WOLFRAM'S NEW KIND OF SCIENCE. PART X: PERIOD-1 RULES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This stage of our journey through the universe of one-dimensional binary Cellular Automata is devoted to period-1 rules, constituting the first of the six groups in which we systematized the 88 globally-independent CA rules. The first part of this article is mainly dedicated to reviewing the terminology and the empirical results found in the previous papers of our quest. We also introduce the concept of the ω-limit orbit with the purpose of linking our work to the classical theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Moreover, we present the basin tree diagrams of all period-1 rules — except for rule [Formula: see text], which is trivial — along with their Boolean cubes and time-1 characteristic functions. In the second part, we prove a theorem demonstrating that all rules belonging to group 1 have robust period-1 rules for any finite, and infinite, bit-string length L. This is the first time we give analytical results on the behavior of CA local rules for large values of L and, consequently, for bi-infinite bit strings. The theoretical treatment is complemented by two remarkable practical results: an explicit formula for generating isomorphic basin trees, and an algorithm for creating new periodic orbits by concatenation. We also provide several examples of both of them, showing how they help to avoid tedious simulations.
Chapman–Kolmogorov equations for multi-period equity-linked note with conditional coupons

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

An equity-linked note with complex payoff and a path dependent variable maturity is analyzed analytically and numerically. This note pays up to one coupon, the size of which depends on the period count in which it is paid and with initial investment partially protected. Valuation of this instrument is achieved in closed form in terms of multivariate normal distribution function, but simple, fast and accurate numerical solution in terms of Chapman–Kolmogorov equations is preferred. The note has a number of unique features, some of which expose the investors to types of risk not usually encountered in either equity or fixed income world.
An Overview of Cardio-Oncology, a New Frontier to Be Explored.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in cancer treatments have led to an increasing number of cancer survivors, but also high rates of short- and long-term cardiovascular (CV) toxicities. The number of new cancer drugs is constantly increasing, and the uncertain CV toxicities of these drugs make long-term care and monitoring difficult. Moreover, traditional type I and type II cardiotoxicities may not be applicable to all of these agents. Multidisciplinary care with expertise in oncology, cardiology and other related specialties is required to mitigate cancer therapeutics-related cardiovascular dysfunction (CTRCD). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main CTRCD, risk assessment, early diagnosis, and strategies for the prevention and management of patients receiving cancer therapies. There are still unmet needs for cardio- oncology researchers with regards to early detection measures, better treatment strategies, better follow-up protocols, and better management of CTRCD. Experts in cardiology, oncology, hematology, and radio-oncology should thus work closely in an attempt to foster patient awareness and research in this field, as well as call for support from public and industrial sources to initiate pivotal clinical trials to solve these unmet needs.
Fungal pathogen protection in transgenic lettuce by expression of a apoptosis related Bcl-2 gene

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 실험에서는 상추 연산홍에 apoptosis 관련 유전자인 Bcl-2 유전자를 도입하여 내병성 상추의 육성을 하기 위한 목적으로 형질전환을 수행하였다. 상추의 자엽조직을 NPTII-35S Promoter와 Bcl-2 유전자가 삽입된 Agrobacterium GV 3101과 공동배양 한 후 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L BAP, 100 mg/L Kanamycin, 300 mg/L Lilacillin이 첨가된 MS 배지에서 식물체가 유기되었다. Kanamycin 내성을 가진 식물체들을 PCR, Southern blot 분석을 통해 Bcl-2 유전자가 안정적으로 식물체 genome 안에 삽입되었음을 확인하였다. 100개의 형질전환식물체가 확인되었으며 T1식물체를 채종하였다. T1 종자를 파종하여 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 균주를 접종하여 내병성 검정을 실시하였고 그 중 2개의 line에서 내병성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 인간의 apoptosis에 관련하는 유전자가 식물체 내에서 안정된 발현을 통하여 내병성을 증가시켰음을 밝혔다. Transgenic lettuce plants were successfully obtained from hypocotyl explants inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which harbored a binary vector plasmid with Bcl-2 gene, related to apoptosis. After culture and selection on MS medium a number of kanamycin-resistant plantlets were regenerated. Polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot analysis and Northern blot analysis were used to identify and characterize the transgenic plants with the integrated Bcl-2 gene. Over 100 transgenic plants have been established in soil and flowered in the greenhouse. T1 progeny of 100 transgenic lettuce inbred lines were inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Expression of the Bcl-2 peptide in transgenic lettuce plants provides high levels of field resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of the agronomically important fungal disease of lettuce.
Accident Severity Prediction using Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traffic accidents are among the most critical issues facing the world as they cause many deaths, injuries, and fatalities as well as economic losses every year. Accurate models to predict the traffic accident severity is a critical task for transportation systems. This investigation effort establishes models to select a set of influential factors and to build up a model for classifying the severity of injuries. These models are formulated by various machine learning techniques. Supervised machine learning algorithms and unsupervised machine learning algorithms are implemented on traffic accident data. The major objective is to discover the correlation between different types of the traffic accidents with the type of the injuries. The findings of this study indicate that the unsupervised learning techniques can be a promising tool for predicting the injury severity of traffic accidents.
Psychiatry and the Medical Curriculum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BDIAJOURNL 1001 jected subcutaneously one inch (2.5 cm.) above the symphysis pubis.One end of the catheter, with three or four side-holes cut in it, is threaded through the hub of the needle and partly down its lumen.The needle point is now thrust obliquely downwards through the anaesthetized part of the skin and into the distended bladder.Urine immediately starts to flow down the catheter, which is quickly threaded along the needle until an estimated four to six inches (10-15 cm.) lies inside the bladder.Taking care not to dis- lodge the catheter, the needle is now withdrawn from the bladder and abdominal wall.A piece of adhesive strapping will hold the catheter in position and its distal end is inserted into a drainage bottle.After 24-48 hours of drainage, oedema of the prostatic urethra will have settled and a further attempt at urethral catheterization can be made; or a prostatectomy, if now indicated, can be performed.-I am, etc.,
Stochastic bifurcation of one flexible beam subject to axial Gauss white noise excitation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

One stochastic nonlinear dynamical model has been proposed to describe the vibration of flexible beam under axial excitation considering the influence of the environment random factors. Firstly, the model has been simplified applying the stochastic average theory of quasi-integral Hamilton system .Secondly, we utilize the methods of Lyapunov exponent and boundary classification associated with diffusion process respectively to analyze the stochastic stability of the trivial solution of system. Thirdly, we explore the stochastic Hopf bifurcation of the vibration model according to the qualitative changes in stationary probability density of system response. It is concluded that the stochastic Hopf bifurcation occurs at two critical parametric values. Finally, some explanations are given in a simply way on the potential applications of stochastic stability and bifurcation analysis.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of 326 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Since December 2019, the coronavirus pandemic has led to the deaths of almost 4.37 million people worldwide and 21,905 people in Tunisia. Containment measures, stress due to fear of infection by the virus and death are likely to be traumatic events, particularly in adolescents, and may lead to the development of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives To determine the prevalence of PTSD in a population of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the factors associated with it. Methods This study was a cross-sectional among a representative sample of students enrolled in secondary schools, in the region of Hamma- Gabes. We used a pre-established information sheet comprising 27 questions exploring sociodemographic and family data and specific data relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Arabic version of The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to screen for PTSD symptoms. Results 326 adolescents were collected which the mean age was 16.6 years (14 to 18 years). The family environment was conflictual in 11.9% of cases. Among the adolescents, 5.5% had a history of somatic pathology. A history of psychiatric pathology was noted in 0.6%, dominated by depression. Personal infection by Covid-19 was noted in 4% of adolescents. A family member was affected in 27.3% of cases. Adolescents were exposed to the death of a close relative in 22.4% of cases. PTSD was diagnosed (according to the CPSS) in 37.4% of cases, with mild severity in 6.5%, moderate in 0.6%, moderately severe in 8%, severe in 5.2% and extremely severe in 17.2%. The analytical study showed that PTSD was correlated with a conflictual family environment (p=0.017), personal infection by COVID (P=0.003), infection of a close relative by COVID (P<0.001) and the death of a close relative by COVID (p<0.001). Conclusions According to our study, the frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic was high, underlining the need to screen at-risk populations for populations for early intervention. Disclosure of Interest None Declared