jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Corporations and the Governance of Environmental Risk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors sketch a framework within which the contributions to this theme issue can be understood. In particular, they discuss various frames of reference or ways of thinking that can be brought to bear on the challenges that arise in evaluating attempts to govern environmental risks. The discussion is divided into three sections. First, they discuss the factors that have led to the emergence of new ways of governing those corporate activities that are associated with the generation or management of environmental risks. Second, they problematise these new forms of governance, adopting the United Nation's Global Compact as an example, and drawing particularly on the insights derived from the contrasting perspectives associated with communicative and strategic action. As an alternative to both of these perspectives, they next focus on the Foucauldian concept of governmentality. The need for analyses to consider (a) the nature of the ways in which different risks are problematised, (b) the character of different governance regimes, (c) the significance of the organising ideals that guide the operation, and (d) the evolution of the multidimensional processes through which risks are governed, are highlighted. They conclude by suggesting that new ‘governmental technologies’ are unlikely to enable either ‘governance at a distance’, for instance, by creating opportunities for new forms of engagement and new spaces of accountability, or ‘governance of the self’, for example, by instilling values and developing technologies which allow corporations to govern their own activities more effectively.
Whose Knowledge Counts? The Struggle to Revitalise Indigenous Knowledges in Guatemala

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the role of indigenous knowledge in relation to ideas of sustainability focusing on Guatemala. Previous research on environmental engagement and public understanding of science demonstrates the importance of including different perspectives, including traditional forms of knowledges such as for example indigenous knowledges. Environmental governance and management are areas in which indigenous peoples strive towards an acceptance of indigenous knowledge to be placed next to Western scientific knowledge. The struggle concerns the management and control of indigenous territories, but it also concerns the dismantling of a hierarchical understanding of knowledge, which lessens indigenous knowledge about ecosystems and about how to create a good life. Through the revitalization of indigenous knowledge and traditional practices, indigenous communities develop ideas and establishments to find paths towards socioecological balance. This paper studies indigenous groups’ understandings of indigenous knowledge, their struggle to revitalise knowledge and their efforts for it to become validated. It uses decolonial theory in its analysis and raises questions of power structures and hierarchies within academia.
Analisis Sentimen Investor terhadap kinerja saham syariah di Indonesia selama masa pandemi Covid-19

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a concern regarding the severity of the pandemic and has an important role in investment decisions. Investment decisions are influenced by news (noise trader) circulating in the capital market. In this study, we analyze investor sentiment on the performance of Islamic stocks in Indonesia during the 2020-2022 Covid-19 pandemic. The independent variables in this study used Google Trend as a search for the number of words 'covid' and 'crisis, trading volume, and the Consumer Confidence Index. Meanwhile, stock returns are used as the dependent variable. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling to obtain 20 companies that were used as research samples. The analytical technique used in this study is panel data regression, where the results obtained are sentiment based on google trends with the word 'covid' having a significant and positive effect, trading volume and CCI also have a significant effect on stock returns. However, the word 'crisis' has no significant effect on stock returns.
Tourism ‘non-entrepreneurship’ in peripheral destinations: a case study of small and medium tourism enterprises on Bornholm, Denmark

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geographers have increasingly criticized the absence of theoretical rigour characterizing studies of the tourism production system. Tourism entrepreneurship is one related research area that has not received the level of attention it deserves. Additionally, the role that innovation plays in small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) has not been examined in depth. This paper focuses on a study of entrepreneurial activity among SMTEs in a peripheral region, namely the Danish island of Bornholm. The study is based on thirty in-depth, non-random, structured interviews with owners of tourism-related enterprises. An examination of the key characteristics of these SMTEs provides evidence that most can be described as 'gap-fillers', companies operated by so-called 'constrained' or 'non-entrepreneurs', which do not display evidence of having adopted significant product or process innovations. Among the key barriers to innovation identified are the extreme seasonality plaguing the island's tourist industry and, related to this, the uncompetitive nature of the existing tourist industry.
Modification of membrane domain structure and function by membrane proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One of the popular approaches to study cell membranes is to study lipid mixtures phase behaviors. Although the structure of compositionally simple binary and ternary lipid systems have been extensively studied in the last three decades, the effects of proteins on compositional complexity of biological membranes have not been studied in details. Since in some biological membranes, the majority of membrane area is covered by proteins (up to 60–70%), it is reasonable to suppose that membrane proteins would have large effects on bilayer phase behavior. To the best of our knowledge, previously, no 4-component phase diagram, with protein as one of the components, has been reported. This work is the first study of this kind which investigate the effect of polypeptide gramicidin-A on Lo+Ld phase boundaries. \nIn recent years, many studies have focused on the study of lipid rafts, a type of domain structure thought to form spontaneously by lateral phase separation in membranes. Lipid rafts provide domains for self-assembly and transport of specific proteins involved in signaling and trafficking of the cells. To understand the properties of lipid rafts, model lipid bilayers of ternary or quaternary lipid mixtures have been used extensively in the past decade. Model membrane studies have developed the raft hypothesis by providing a picture of plasma membrane domains as coexisting liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases. \nIn this work, the effects of adding 1 mol% of gramicidin-A to Lo+Ld phase boundary of DOPC/DSPC/cholesterol, PLPC/DSPC/Cholesterol and PLPC/DPPC/ Cholesterol ternary lipid mixtures were investigated.
Voxels on fire [computer animation]

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a method for the animation of fire propagation and the burning consumption of objects represented as volumetric data sets. Our method uses a volumetric fire propagation model based on an enhanced distance field. It can simulate the spreading of multiple fire fronts over a specified isosurface without actually having to create that isosurface. The distance field is generated from a specific shell volume that rapidly creates narrow spatial bands around the virtual surface of any given isovalue. The complete distance field is then obtained by propagation from the initial bands. At each step multiple fire fronts can evolve simultaneously on the volumetric object. The flames of the fire are constructed from streams of particles whose movement is regulated by a velocity field generated with the hardware-accelerated Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM). The LBM provides a physically-based simulation of the air flow around the burning object. The object voxels and the splats associated with the flame particles are rendered in the same pipeline so that the volume data with its external and internal structures can be displayed along with the fire.
Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and Their Target Weeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The field of biological control of weeds continues to expand, offering and ecologically sound and cost-effective method of controlling invasive weed species. More and more new agents are being assessed and released, while increasing international collaboration has enabled wider use of already successful agents. In particular there has been a dramatic increase in biological control programs in developing countries and those targeting weeds invasive in natural environments. The fourth edition of this catalogue provides a comprehensive reference source to all attempts at biological control of weeds undertaken to the end of 1996. A substantial number of new releases have been made since the publication of the third edition in 1992. The information in the catalogue is presented in four detailed lists: list A details with exotic vertebrates and fungi that have been released for biological control, and their target weeds; list B includes exotic invertebrates, essentially fish species, utilised to control weeds; list C deals with organisms that have been deliberately manipulated for weed control within their natural ranges; and list D covers organisms that have been released as biological control agents and now occur in countries other than those into which they were released. Each entry details the target weed, control agent, year of first release, country of origin of agent, status and degree of control, research organisation involved, and key references. The catalogue format has been modified slightly from earlier editions to improve ease of use. The book provides a means of keeping track of the world situation and should be reference for professionals, research workers and students interested in the biological control of weeds.
Novel therapeutics for patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent the most common subtype of NETs. The incidence of all NETs, and specifically GEP NETs, has risen exponentially over the last three decades. Only within the past several years have these tumors been appropriately classified, allowing for meaningful drug development. Broadly, some of the most exciting drug classes being developed for patients with well-differentiated GEP NETs include newer types of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) or combinations which increase the potency of lutetium-177 ( 177 Lu)-Dotatate, novel multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) and immunotherapy modalities, beyond checkpoint inhibitors, which seek to unleash the immune system against NETs. Specifically looking at newer types of PRRT, somatostatin receptor antagonists and alpha-emitter radionuclides each have demonstrated the ability to elicit greater DNA damage than 177 Lu-Dotatate in preclinical models. Early clinical experiences with each of these agents suggest they may be more cytotoxic than 177 Lu-Dotatate. Other approaches seeking to build upon the DNA damage created by 177 Lu-Dotatate include combinations of PRRT with radiosensitizers such as heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, hedgehog inhibitors, chemotherapy combinations, and triapine. Many of these combinations have just begun to be tested clinically. With regards to novel RTKIs, some of the ones which have demonstrated potent cytoreductive potential include cabozantinib and lenvatinib. Other RTKIs which are further along the clinical development spectrum and have demonstrated benefit in randomized trials include surufatinib and pazopanib. And though single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors have not demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity in patients with GEP NETs, outside of certain biomarker selected subsets, somatostatin receptor-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and vaccines such as SurVaxM, which targets survivin, represent two means through which NET-directed immunity may be modulated. The potential of these agents, if clinically realized, will likely improve outcomes for patients with well-differentiated GEP NETs.
Shedding light into the black box of infant multiple-breath washout

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple-breath inert gas washout (MBW) is a non-invasive and sensitive technique to assess lung volumes and ventilation inhomogeneity. Poor agreement among commercially available setups and a lack of transparency in the underlying algorithms for computation of infant MBW outcomes currently limit widespread application as a surveillance tool in early lung disease. We aimed to investigate the signal processing and algorithms used to compute primary outcomes in the infant Ecomedics/WBreath setup, suggest improvements using current consensus guidelines, and compare outcomes between the standard and revised software versions. We selected 160 MBW trials recorded with the Ecomedics/WBreath-setup (Exhalyzer D, Ecomedics AG; WBreath 3.28.0, ndd AG; Switzerland) using 4% sulphur hexafluoride in healthy infants and infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) at the age of six weeks and one year. We determined all computational steps in signal processing and calculation of end-tidal quantities and MBW outcomes for the standard WBreath 3.28.0 and a revised version 3.52.3. Analysis included data from 60 infants (40 CF). Investigation of the algorithms for the calculation of functional residual capacity (FRC) revealed significant discrepancies between WBreath 3.28.0 and current consensus guidelines. A revised WBreath version (3.52.3) was developed with FRC calculated according to consensus guidelines which resulted in a mean (±SD) FRC that was systematically 6.6% lower (-1.7±1.2 mL/kg) and lung clearance index that was 12% higher (1.1±0.7 units) than WBreath version 3.28.0. Comprehensive investigation into signal processing and algorithms used for analysis of MBW measurements improves transparency and robustness of infant MBW data.
Assessment of risks of feline mismatched transfusion and neonatal isoerythrolysis in the Lyon (France) area

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aims of this study were to update the prevalence of different feline blood types in the Lyon (France) area, as well as to determine the risk of mismatched transfusion (MT) and neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens with parents of unknown blood type. Methods Blood samples were obtained from blood donor cats and cats admitted to an intensive care unit in Lyon. AB blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic strip. The risk of MT was estimated by adding the risk of a major transfusion reaction and the risk of a minor transfusion reaction. The risk of NI was estimated according the equation (p²)(q²) + 2pq(q²), with q being the b allele frequency and p = 1 – q. The results were analysed by absolute and relative frequency analysis and multivariate analysis. Results The cohort study population included 320 non-pedigree cats and 37 pedigree cats. The prevalence of blood types A, B and AB was 84.3%, 14.0% and 1.7%, respectively. Considering non-pedigree cats, the prevalence of types A, B and AB was 83.7%, 14.4% and 1.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences of blood type distribution by sex ( P = 0.73) or by breed ( P = 0.90). Based on these percentages, the risks of MT and NI in non-pedigree cats were 24.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of type B cats is high in the Lyon area and associated with high risks of MT and NI. These results confirm the importance of performing blood typing prior to any blood transfusion or mating.
PENGARUH LAYANAN LOW COST CARRIER (LCC) TERHADAP KEPUASAN WISATAWAN DOMESTIK DI PT. INDONESIA AIRASIA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

AirAsia airline crash incident in December 2014 raises a big question to the satisfaction of the user rating AirAsia. Therefore, this study aims to determine: (1) the effect of partially Low Cost Carrier services to tourist satisfaction PT. Indonesia AirAsia; (2 effect of simultaneous service Low Cost Carrier to tourist satisfaction PT. Indonesia AirAsia. The samples in this study with a total sample of 110 respondents. The analysis used T-test & F-test. The results showed that partially, the influence of the Low Cost Carrier to satisfaction rating are the following results: (1) safety with the effect of -2.907, (2) no frills with the effect of 4.136, (3) distribution with the effect of 1.776, (4 ) price with the effect of 1,784 and (5) flight regularity with the effect of 2,134. With simultaneously shows that the influence is14.660. From the results it is known that variable safety is a variable that has no effect. This is due to security so low it felt absolutely no effect. This contrasts with study conducted by Clemes et al (2008) where safety is an important factor in the quality of aviation services, and security are the two most important attributes in flight.
Comparative electromyography analysis of subphase gait disorder in chronic stroke survivors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abnormal lower limb muscle activity is the most common cause of the alterative pattern of gait in stroke survivors, resulting from spastic and paralytic muscles around the hip, knee, and ankle joints. However, the activity of the major lower limb muscles that control the legs to facilitate walking in stroke patients have not been clearly understood in each subphase of the gait. This study differentiated the characteristics of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of lower limb muscles during four subphases of gait cycle between stroke patients and healthy subjects. Sixteen chronic stroke patients and sixteen healthy subjects were recruited. All participants completed three walking trials with a self-selected walking speed. The sEMG signals were recorded on the gluteus medius, rectus femoris, long head of biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus muscles. The characteristics of sEMG signals were processed and analyzed in the time and frequency features, considering the first double support, single support, second double support, and swing phases of the gait cycle.The stroke patients had altered sEMG characteristics on both paretic and non-paretic sides compared to healthy subjects across the sub-phases of gait cycle for all six muscles. All time domain features of sEMG signal showed that the medial gastrocnemius muscle has the most significant impaired activity ( p < 0.05) and affected gait disturbance during all four subphases of the gait cycle. The findings demonstrated that the medial gastrocnemius muscle had impaired activity and was most affected during all four sub-phases of the gait cycle. This indicates that sEMG of medial gastrocnemius muscle can be used to measure the improvement of gait rehabilitation.
Wheat bran promotes enrichment within the human colonic microbiota of butyrate‐producing bacteria that release ferulic acid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Cereal fibres such as wheat bran are considered to offer human health benefits via their impact on the intestinal microbiota. We show here by 16S rRNA gene‐based community analysis that providing amylase‐pretreated wheat bran as the sole added energy source to human intestinal microbial communities in anaerobic fermentors leads to the selective and progressive enrichment of a small number of bacterial species. In particular, OTUs corresponding to uncultured L achnospiraceae ( F irmicutes) related to E ubacterium xylanophilum and B utyrivibrio spp. were strongly enriched (by five to 160 fold) over 48 h in four independent experiments performed with different faecal inocula, while nine other Firmicutes OTUs showed > 5‐fold enrichment in at least one experiment. Ferulic acid was released from the wheat bran during degradation but was rapidly converted to phenylpropionic acid derivatives via hydrogenation, demethylation and dehydroxylation to give metabolites that are detected in human faecal samples. Pure culture work using bacterial isolates related to the enriched OTUs , including several butyrate‐producers, demonstrated that the strains caused substrate weight loss and released ferulic acid, but with limited further conversion. We conclude that breakdown of wheat bran involves specialist primary degraders while the conversion of released ferulic acid is likely to involve a multi‐species pathway.
EEG Signal Classification for Mental Stress During Arithmetic Task Using Wavelet Transformation and Statistical Features

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This paper on electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis describes a feature extraction model based on discrete wavelet transforms for the classification of EEG signals during a mental arithmetic task as mental stress. Stress is a normal part of life. Stress analysis is more important than sleep analysis because stress causes sleeping disorders. The EEG is used to monitor the electrical activities of the brain. The features were computed in time-frequency domain using wavelet decomposition and they were extracted from single-channel EEG signal during and before a mental arithmetic task. The amplitude, power, and frequency of extracted decomposed signals changed significantly during mental stress compared to the state before the mental arithmetic task. 12 state-of-art statistical features were computed from each decomposed signal (5 decomposed frequency bands gave a total of 60 features) of a fixed window of 10 seconds. The Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) feature selection method was used to find the most significant features, which resulted in the discovery of four features. Finally, mental stress was classified using the selected four features and Ensemble Subspace KNN classifier. The classifier's performance was evaluated on 11 subjects using a five-fold cross-validation technique, which crossed state-of-the-art methodologies in the literature by 77.3 percent.
The Composition of Early Vocabulary in Spanish Children With Down Syndrome and Their Peers With Typical Development

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose There are very few studies, and at present none in Spanish, on vocabulary composition in children with Down syndrome (DS). Nor has the topic been widely assessed in Spanish-speaking children with typical development (TD). This study analyzed the composition of early vocabularies in a large sample of Spanish-speaking children with DS and compared it with that of children with TD. Method We studied 108 children with DS and 108 children with TD with mental ages between 8 and 29 months, matched for size of productive vocabulary and gender. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 1993, 2007), adapted to the language development profile of children with DS, were used. The categories examined were nouns, predicates, closed-class words, and social words. Results The performance of children with DS was similar to that of children with TD with the same vocabulary size. The only significant difference was the larger production of nouns by children with DS. The trends of development in the different classes of words were also similar. Conclusions The strategies used by children with DS to learn vocabulary may be similar to those used by children with TD in the first stages of language learning.