jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Toxicity of MCPA (4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid) in the Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The reproductive effects of the administration of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) to rats were evaluated through two generations, from prior to mating, throughout mating, to gestation and lactation. MCPA was administered in the diet at doses of 0, 50, 150, or 450 ppm to 25 male and female immature rats (F0 parents) for 10 weeks. F0 parents were then mated to produce a first litter (F1a), retained only until weaning, and were subsequently remated to produce a second litter, F1b. Groups of male and female F1b animals were then dosed as were their parents for 10 weeks postweaning, and the breeding was repeated to produce F2a and F2b animals. The study concluded with the F2b weanlings. MCPA was administered continuously throughout the study. Only minimal, non-treatment-related observations were noted, which included rhinorrhea (in both treated and control animals in the F0 generation) and malocclusion and alopecia (in both the F0 and F1b generations). There were no consistent dose-related effects on reproductive function for parental animals of either sex in either generation. Statistically significant differences were noted in body weights and body weight gains in the 450-ppm dose group for both male and female pups in F2a and F2b. There were no treatment-related macroscopic or microscopic observations noted for any animal in this study. The no-observable-effect level (NOEL) for reproductive function in rats administered MCPA continuously for two successive generations was determined to be 450 ppm (approximately 22 mg/kg/day). The NOEL for general systemic toxicity, based on body weight effects in adult animals in the F1b generation was 150 ppm. The NOEL for effects on the offspring of the F1b generation, manifested as reduced pup weights and pup weight gains was also 150 ppm (approximately 8 mg/kg/day). Based upon the results of this study, MCPA, administered for two generations to Crl:CD(SD)BR Albino rats, is considered not to be a reproductive toxicant.
1D CNN based network intrusion detection with normalization on imbalanced data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intrusion detection system (IDS) plays an essential role in computer networks protecting computing resources and data from outside attacks. Recent IDS faces challenges improving flexibility and efficiency of the IDS for unexpected and unpredictable attacks. Deep neural network (DNN) is considered popularly for complex systems to abstract features and learn as a machine learning technique. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach for developing the efficient and flexible IDS using one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN). Two-dimensional CNN methods have shown remarkable performance in detecting objects of images in computer vision area. Meanwhile, the 1D-CNN can be used for supervised learning on time-series data. We establish a machine learning model based on the 1D-CNN by serializing Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) packets in a predetermined time range as an invasion Internet traffic model for the IDS, where normal and abnormal network traffics are categorized and labeled for supervised learning in the 1D-CNN. We evaluated our model on UNSW_NB15 IDS dataset to show the effectiveness of our method. For comparison study in performance, machine learning-based Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models in addition to the 1D-CNN with various network parameters and architecture are exploited. In each experiment, the models are run up to 200 epochs with a learning rate in 0.0001 on imbalanced and balanced data. 1D-CNN and its variant architectures have outperformed compared to the classical machine learning classifiers. This is mainly due to the reason that CNN has the capability to extract high-level feature representations that represent the abstract form of low-level feature sets of network traffic connections.
The 1959 Regime Change in the British Southern Cameroons: The Role of the Female Electorate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1959 the British Southern Cameroons witnessed a peaceful political transition as the opposition Kamerun National Democratic Party defeated the ruling Kamerun National Congress in the general elections.As a result, J. N. Foncha took over the premiership of the territory from E.M.L. Endeley.This was the first democratic regime change in Africa south of the Sahara and it was also the first time women were granted the franchise in this British administered UN Trust Territory.Using primary and secondary data, this paper attempts an investigation into the reasons for the enfranchisement of women and the importance of the first female votes in this territory.The findings revealed that the victory of the opposition was largely determined by this newly enfranchised electorate who had a number of grievances against the incumbent regime.It can therefore be concluded that Endeley's premature political demise was the handiwork of the female electorate who were predominantly anti-Igbo and pro-reunification unlike Endeley.Women therefore contributed in no small way to Foncha's victory and this confirms the view that the female votes are always decisive in most crucial elections.
The Effects of Guided Imagery on Patients Being Weaned from Mechanical Ventilation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study purpose was to assess the effects of guided imagery on sedation levels, sedative and analgesic volume consumption, and physiological responses of patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Forty-two patients were selected from two community acute care hospitals. One hospital served as the comparison group and provided routine care (no intervention) while the other hospital provided the guided imagery intervention. The intervention included two sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, offered during morning weaning trials from mechanical ventilation. Measurements were recorded in groups at baseline and 30- and 60-minute intervals and included vital signs and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score. Sedative and analgesic medication volume consumption were recorded 24 hours prior to and after the intervention. The guided imagery group had significantly improved RASS scores and reduced sedative and analgesic volume consumption. During the second session, oxygen saturation levels significantly improved compared to the comparison group. Guided imagery group had 4.88 less days requiring mechanical ventilation and 1.4 reduction in hospital length of stay compared to the comparison group. Guided imagery may be complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) intervention to provide during mechanical ventilation weaning trials.
Asymmetry of Individual and Aggregate Inflation Expectations: A Survey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We conducted a simple, anonymous survey at the beginning of 2014, asking around 200 economists worldwide to report their medium‐term expectations about US inflation. A significant share of respondents revealed asymmetric inflation expectations with sizeable deviation from symmetry. We obtain an aggregate distribution that is moderately skewed to the right and show that the aggregate skewness is mostly driven by disagreement among respondents and not by asymmetry of their subjective distributions. In fact, ignoring individual asymmetry changes little in terms of mean and variance of the aggregate distribution.
Cut quality of mild Steel by CO 2 laser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cut quality of mild steel by Co2 laser is studied extensively and new approach to classify quality is presented . This approach is based on combining different parameters such as cut kerf, heat affected zone and roughness. A mathematical relationship(in matrix form ) has been developed to include all the above Parameters in one factor which is called the quality factor . In addition , cut quality by CO 2 laser is compared with many different machining techniques which are produced by previous researchers .This comparison shows that CO2 laser are an excellent tool .
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. A sometime surgical problem.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study was undertaken to focus attention on idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, which may confront any surgeon operating in the abdomen or retroperitoneal area. Eleven patients, six men and five women varying in age from 35 to 76 years, were treated from 1969 to 1983. Two patients gave a history of methysergide and one gave a history of ergotamine ingestion. Two patients had associated aortic aneurysms and two had renal artery stenosis. Symptoms were related to entrapment of retroperitoneal structures, primarily the ureter, vena cava, gonadal veins, the aorta and its branches. Abdominal and costovertebral angle pain, testicular pain and swelling, and renovascular hypertension were the most common symptoms. The most common differential diagnostic problem was retroperitoneal tumor. Intravenous or retrograde pyelography were suggestive of the diagnosis in five patients, ultrasonography in two, and computerized axial tomography in another. Treatment consisted of ureterolysis and intraperitoneal transplantation or omental wrapping of the ureter in five, nephrostomy in two, renal-iliac arterial bypass graft in two, and renal autotransplantation in one. One patient was treated conservatively. Good results were achieved in eight, fair results in two, and one patient died postoperatively. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis should be kept in mind diagnostically in patients with unexplained abdominal pain and/or retroperitoneal lesions, and the surgeon prepared to employ appropriate operative measures for relief when it is encountered.
2. Civil war and the foundation of the Bolshevik regime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The October revolution was viewed as a chance for justice and equality to prevail over the old regime of arbitrariness and exploitation. The Bolsheviks hoped that revolution would break out in the more developed countries of Europe, and for a time this looked likely. ‘Civil war and the foundation of the Bolshevik regime’ considers the chain of events that lead to the start of Soviet power and details the extremely troubled years 1918–1922. Overall, the civil war strengthened national identities within Russia yet deepened divisions inside nationalist movements. Gradually, the party was transformed into the backbone of the new state as it acquired more functions and its apparatus proliferated.
Multi-trait discovery and fine-mapping of lipid loci in 125,000 individuals of African ancestry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for lipid traits focus on the separate analysis of lipid traits. Moreover, there are limited GWASs evaluating the genetic variants associated with multiple lipid traits in African ancestry. To further identify and localize loci with pleiotropic effects on lipid traits, we conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis, multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG), and multi-trait fine-mapping (flashfm) in 125,000 individuals of African ancestry. Our meta-analysis and MTAG identified four and 14 novel loci associated with lipid traits, respectively. flashfm yielded an 18% mean reduction in the 99% credible set size compared to single-trait fine-mapping with JAM. Moreover, we identified more genetic variants with a posterior probability of causality >0.9 with flashfm than with JAM. In conclusion, we identified additional novel loci associated with lipid traits, and flashfm reduced the 99% credible set size to identify causal genetic variants associated with multiple lipid traits in African ancestry.
Passive anaphylaxis in mice with gamma-G antibodies. 3. Release of histamine from mast cells by homologous antibodies.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary Anaphylactic release of histamine from mouse mast cells passively sensitized by purified homologous anti-hapten antibodies was demonstrated. The reaction was critically dependent on the Ag-Ab proportions used for sensitization and challenge and could be provoked by addition of freshly prepared Ag-Ab complexes. No fixation of the antibodies to the cells prior to the Ag-Ab reactions could be demonstrated. The release of histamine was complete 2 min after challenge.
Intercultural adaptation in the work area among professional Indonesian workers in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="Abstract">As a consequence, in the era of globalization, the migration of workers and economic flows has grown rapidly over the last decade and has become a phenomenon. Many migrant workers from abroad are employed in certain countries which lack the resources of labor. One of the countries whose economic development depends on migrant workers in Malaysia. Malaysia's dependence on migrant workers is quite high, especially for unskilled and semi-skilled works. However, in addition to skilled/ semi-skilled workers, there are many skilled workers working in Malaysia. They usually work in areas which require expertise or special skills, one of them is in the IT (Information Technology) sector. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of inter-cultural adaptation that occurs in Indonesian professional workers currently working in Malaysia, especially the adaptation process that occurs in their multicultural workplace. This study uses a qualitative methodology of 10 Indonesian professional workers in Malaysia, in particular, working on Nokia Siemens Networks Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia. By conducting research with the qualitative method, the result is the cultural diversity in Malaysia and in the work area of respondents, does not seem to be a big problem for them.<o:p></o:p></p>
Deep Learning for Conditional Asset Pricing Models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We propose a new pseudo-Siamese Network for Asset Pricing (SNAP) model, based on deep learning approaches, for conditional asset pricing. Our model allows for the deep alpha, deep beta and deep factor risk premia conditional on high dimensional observable information of financial characteristics and macroeconomic states, while storing the long-term dependency of the informative features through long short-term memory network. We apply this method to monthly U.S. stock returns from 1970-2019 and find that our pseudo-SNAP model outperforms the benchmark approaches in terms of out-of-sample prediction and out-of-sample Sharpe ratio. In addition, we also apply our method to calculate deep mispricing errors which we use to construct an arbitrage portfolio K-Means clustering. We find that the arbitrage portfolio has significant alphas.
75-LB: Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and Its Association with Economic Outcomes in the Real-World Setting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: CGM is increasingly used as tool in the management of diabetes, supporting improvements in glycemic control and quality of life. Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between CGM use and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and cost. Methods: Using medical claims from Clarivate™ Real-World Evidence repository and CGM data from Glooko®, US people with diabetes (≥18 years) (PwD) and on insulin were assigned to mutually exclusive cohorts based on CGM usage status and matched in terms of age, gender, and diabetes type. First CGM use (index) was required to occur within January 1, 2015 - July 30, 2019. HCRU and costs were assessed 12 months post-index. Results: After matching, 3,918 PwD were assigned into each cohort. Significantly more CGM vs. non CGM users (p&lt;0.0001) were on insulin pump, treated with bolus insulin only, and commercially insured. Mean pre-index Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were lower (p&lt;0.00001) and most diabetes-related comorbidities were less prevalent (p&lt;0.01) in the CGM vs. non-CGM cohort. After adjusting for demographics, diabetes type, CCI, and insurance, the use of CGM vs. no CGM was associated with a 27-70% and 32-76% reduction in HCRU and costs (p&lt;0.0001) , respectively. Conclusion: The use of CGM (vs. no CGM use) was associated with lower HCRU and costs, which may result in lower healthcare burden for PwD and payers. Disclosure M. Perez-nieves: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. E. R. Hankosky: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. L. Fan: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. F. Gelsey: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. E. L. Eby: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. T. J. Sims: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. E. Umeh: None. R. Juneja: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
Process Capability Studies in Heat Treatment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Process capability, which is an important concept within statistical process control (SPC), describes the ability of a process i.e. a thermal process to produce components within the tolerance limits.\nThe purpose of this study was to identify possible methods for how to perform process capability study and temperature uniformity survey. In this essay the capability of the case hardening at continuous furnaces have been studied, considering a number of quality parameters. The outcome form these parameters described how well the process could produce components within the tolerances. The parameters of interest were case depth, core hardness, surface hardness, and surface carbon content. Practical work was done at Volvo Construction Equipment (VCE), Eskilstuna and Getrag All Wheel Drive AB, Köping. The parameters were measured from dummy test specimens in Getrag All Wheel Drive AB, and were analyzed by statistical software Minitab version 16.\n \nTemperature uniformity surveys (TUSs) were studied for both companies according to standard AMS 2750 D. However, it was not written in it how to make analysis of temperature data. In TUSs, a datapaq with ten thermocouples where used during production from which the temperature could be logged at different positions of the stacking trays and over the entire cross-section of the furnaces. The furnace temperature was within the specified tolerances; however, the significant differences within each track from each of the furnaces were recorded. One of the furnaces was constructed with two parallel tracks while the other was constructed with three parallel tracks. It’s related with the ratio of production capacity for the actual furnace, it will also give information of how the degree of production capacity is influenced by temperature uniformity.\nThe author recommends that both companies perform the same test next year. It is also recommended that further research should be carried out by the methodology that was utilized in this essay.
ecCNO Solar Neutrinos: A Challenge for Gigantic Ultra-Pure Liquid Scintillator Detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Neutrinos produced in the Sun by electron capture reactions on $^{13}{\rm N}$, $^{15}{\rm O}$ and $^{17}{\rm F}$, to which we refer as ecCNO neutrinos, are not usually considered in solar neutrino analysis since the expected fluxes are extremely low. The experimental determination of this sub-dominant component of the solar neutrino flux is very difficult but could be rewarding since it provides a determination of the metallic content of the solar core and, moreover, probes the solar neutrino survival probability in the transition region at $E_ν\sim 2.5\,{\rm MeV}$. In this letter, we suggest that this difficult measure could be at reach for future gigantic ultra-pure liquid scintillator detectors, such as LENA.
The Fossil Antelopes of Palestine in Natufian (Mesolithic) Times, with Descriptions of New Species

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A study of the fossil vertebrate fauna of the Wady el-Mughara caves was published in 1937 (Bate, 1937), but at that time it had not been found possible to carry out an intensive examination of the antelope remains, except for the purpose of making the first record of a fossil hartebeest in Palestine. This omission was due partly to lack of sufficient time and partly to the fact that the specimens were generally in a very fragmentary state of preservation. Nevertheless, since remains of gazelles, together with those of Dama mesopotamica , occurred throughout the cave leveis and were more plentiful than those of other species it was found practical to make use of these two types as climatic indicators, while other species were used as a control (Bate, 1937, fig. 1).
Pseudo-Walking Sensation by Anteroposterior or Lateral Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation and Synchronous Foot-Sole Vibrations

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The walking sensation is a result of the synthesis of multisensory inputs from various systems. The vestibular system, typically used for detecting acceleration, is a crucial component of the walking sensation. This study investigated the use of galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS) to enhance the sensation of walking in virtual reality (VR) environments, particularly when users are seated and not engaged in active movements. GVS is a transcutaneous electric stimulation technique to evoke vestibular sensory responses and involves the application of a penetrating current to vestibular afferents. This study revealed that the pseudo-walking sensation can be intensified by applying lateral GVS. However, no difference was observed when it was synchronized with the walking rhythm represented by foot-sole vibration patterns. Furthermore, the study compares the effectiveness of lateral versus anterior-posterior GVS in enhancing walking sensations in VR. The findings provide novel perspectives on enhancing the VR walking experience through vestibular stimulation, even in scenarios in which the user is seated.
Folk-lore of the hawthorn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Folk-lore of the hawthorn Get access Herbert Rix, B.A. Herbert Rix, B.A. 1Science Club, Savile Row, W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-VI, Issue 146, 14 October 1882, Page 309, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-VI.146.309g Published: 14 October 1882
Rejection of Complaints:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Citizens and undertakings can write to the European Commission to inform about suspected infringements of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. Complaints are crucial for an effective antitrust enforcement. However, not all complaints give rise to serious anticompetitive concerns and given its limited resources, the Commission is entitled to give different degrees of priority to them. The present article gives an overview on the common grounds for the rejection of complaints in Antitrust and the recent relevant case law. Keywords: Antitrust, Complaint, Rejection, Priorities, Union Interest