jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What the Public Should Know: A Fundamental Review of School Finance and Human Capital Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research theoretically yet practically connects literatures from education and economics. Afterward, an empirical analysis quantitatively defines rich and poor communities and demonstrates strong relationships between community wealth and school spending. Measurements of school spending are extended by human capital theory to contrast educational investments in rich and poor communities. The major result of the analysis is that 30% greater investment occurs in rich communities than in poor communities. This investment differential occurs despite substantial government interventions that supplement local revenues. This research has important implications for school public relations in both rich and poor communities. State and federal policymakers are urged to pursue a human capital theory agenda that invests more in public schools. That agenda, if framed as recommended, will increase educational investments in all communities, especially those that are poor.
Novel treatment dynamics for biofilm-related infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: As a result of progress in medical care, a huge number of medical devices are used in the treatment of human diseases. In turn, biofilm-related infection has become a growing threat due to the tolerance of biofilms to antimicrobials, a problem magnified by the development of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. As a result, successful treatment of biofilm-disease using only antimicrobials is problematic.Areas covered: We summarize some alternative approaches to classic antimicrobials for the treatment of biofilm disease. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but to give a clinical picture of alternatives to antimicrobial agents to manage biofilm disease. We highlight those strategies that may be closer to application in clinical practice.Expert opinion: There are a number of outstanding challenges in the development of novel antibiofilm therapies. Screening for effective antibiofilm compounds requires models relevant to all clinical scenarios. Although in vitro research of anti-biofilm strategies has progressed significantly over the past decade, there is a lack of in vivo research. In addition, the complexity of biofilm biology makes it difficult to develop a compound that is likely to provide the single 'magic bullet'. The multifaceted nature of biofilms imposes the need for multi-targeted or combinatorial therapies.
3D Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Convective Drying Chamber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The drying industry has grown considerably due to the tremendous demand for non-perishable food. Convective drying is one of the most popular equipment in the drying industry (food, chemical, pharmaceutical, etc.). One of the drawbacks of this equipment, when used for convective drying, is the non-uniformity in the final product quality. This study presents the development of a numerical model through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The drying chamber of a heat pump dryer is assessed from the perspective of drying air velocity and temperature profiles. The model was developed by solving different transport phenomena-related equations. The established methodology was set up to evaluate how the drying air velocity and temperature distribution affect the drying chamber. These results will define if there is a need to redesign it. The air velocity and temperature profile results show a need to redesign the chamber. Only trays 2, 3, and 4 are the ones that would achieve the drying of the products. The proposed solution is to implement air distributors or modify the tray positioning to make the drying air and temperature distribution homogeneous.
General practice: personal view from a deputising service.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This picture of Auckland general practice was developed during 30,000 consultations which the author conducted in after hours deputising services. Most patients are satisfied with their doctor. However, some would value referral when a problem is slow to resolve or during a series of illnesses. Few such patients are advised about increasing their resistance to disease. Some terminal patients have had little discussion about what suffering not to expect, or about possible admission. Many patients do not know their diagnosis. Asthmatics often lack a peak flow meter, supply of understood drugs and a crisis plan. Some asthmatic children lack a correct diagnosis. The management of stress, if addressed, relies on drugs, reassurance and advice and, in the related matter of depression, the doses of drugs are sometimes high enough to cause side effects only.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Process Synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to process synthesis by presenting Distillation Gym, a set of RL environments in which an RL agent is tasked with designing a distillation train, given a user defined multi-component feed stream. Distillation Gym interfaces with a process simulator (COCO and ChemSep) to simulate the environment. A demonstration of two distillation problem examples are discussed in this paper (a Benzene, Toluene, P-xylene separation problem and a hydrocarbon separation problem), in which a deep RL agent is successfully able to learn within Distillation Gym to produce reasonable designs. Finally, this paper proposes the creation of Chemical Engineering Gym, an all-purpose reinforcement learning software toolkit for chemical engineering process synthesis.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Why did Richard Wagner and other nineteenth-century musicians devote so much attention to social reform, if the dominant artistic principle of the age demanded art's detachment from social and political concerns? This question, and persistent frustration with the standard answers to it, is what led to this book. The issue at stake is crucial to our received view of nineteenth-century German music, culture and aesthetics: the assumption that musicians and other artists – as a result of the idea of aesthetic autonomy – regarded the artistic sphere as polarized from the social and political fields, indeed that art's freedom demanded such polarization. This viewpoint, I argue, not only misunderstands aesthetic autonomy, but drastically exaggerates its authority over musical thought and culture. In order to understand the social meanings and functions of music in this period, therefore, we need to overhaul our picture of how artistic and social imperatives interacted. Far from governing nineteenth-century musical discourse and practice, the concept of aesthetic autonomy and the aesthetic categories bequeathed by Weimar classicism were persistently challenged by alternative models of music's social role. The book explores these competing models and the socio-political projects that gave rise to them. It interrogates nineteenth-century musical discourse, exploring numerous manifestos championing musical democratization or seeking to make music an engine for the transformation of society. In addition, it explores institutions and movements that attempted to realize these goals, and compositions – by Mendelssohn, Lortzing and Liszt as well as Wagner – in which the relation between aesthetic and social claims is programmatic.
An Energy Reporting Aggregation Method Based on EAFM and DTRM in WSN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Analyzed the energy consumption disciplinarian of the nodes in WSN, the node's energy attenuation forecast model (EAFM) can be established. A difference-threshold reporting mechanism (DTRM) is used to report the residual energy of nodes. The energy collection mechanism based on EAFM and DTRM can reduce energy data reporting times significantly, improve the efficient of energy data collection, save the node's energy at the same time. The experiments in the platform of telosb nodes show that the predicable rate is between 70% and 85%, and this method can extend the node's life by 1% ~ 4.5%.
Impact of the impact factor in biomedical research: its use and misuse.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The impact factor was created in the biomedical research field in order to measure a journal's value by calculating the average number of citations per article over a period of time. It was initially developed to help libraries decide which highly-cited journals to subscribe to. However, at present, it is being misused to judge the quality of a researcher or medical scientist as well as the quality of the work done. It contains serious sources of errors and flaws, resulting in strong biases against culture- and language-bound medical subspecialties. The present article is aimed to highlight the impact of the impact factor in the biomedical research, as well as its use and misuse.
Identification of an immune subtype predicting survival risk and immune activity in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) prolong the survival for advanced/metastatic patients with lung cancer or melanoma; however, for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, a durable response has not been reported. Herein, we used a total of 719 HCC patients with public genomic data to determine potential prognostic and immunogenic subtypes. The non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method was applied to identify the immune classes and potential subtypes. The proportion of tumor infiltration immune cells was estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to calculate the dysregulated pathways. By using NMF analysis for the gene expression profile of the top immune genes, one HCC subtype with better survival (i.e., low-risk subtype) and another with worse survival (i.e., high-risk subtype) were identified in 3 HCC cohorts (all P < 0.05). Better immune cell infiltration, increased enrichment of immune signatures, higher expression of checkpoints, and elevated tumor mutation load (TML) were significantly enriched in the low-risk subtype (all P < 0.05). Higher mutation rates of immune response genes (e.g., TP53 and MUC16) were also observed in the low-risk subtype (both P < 0.05). Discovery of the HCC low-risk subtype might provide clues for HCC prognosis and immunotherapy prediction.
Clinical application of tele-electrocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of MS-100 tele-electrocardiography(tele-ECG) recorder. Methods 126 patients (54 male, 72male, mean aged 56 years) who suffered from palpitation, dizziness and chest discomfort were included and their tele-ECGs recorded with SM-100 tele-ECG recorder and clinical data were analyzed. Results In total of 1674 stripe of ECGs transmitted by patients, 1548 stripe of ECGs were good quality for analysis. Abnormal ECG findings including atrial and ventricular premature beats(24cases), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(3cases), atrial tachycardial(2cases), atrial flutter(1case), atrial fibrillation(8cases), sinus bradycardia(8cases), pacing ECG(4cases), first degree atrioventricular block(4cases) , Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern (1cases) , abnormal Q wave and ST-T changes(10 casese) were found in 65 cases and normal ECG in other 61 cases. All paroxysmal supraventricular and atrial tachycardia had never been documented in previous examination in above 5 cases. Conclusion MS-100 tele-ECG recorder is a convenience device that records ECG and transmits ECG to monitoring center via telephone by patients easily and is helpful in diagnosis of arrhythmia.
IFN1 Blockade Enhances Non-Activated CAR T Cell Anti-Tumor Function Via Inhibiting the Innate Anti-Viral Response

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated unprecedented success in treating blood-based cancers. However, the durability of response is often hindered by challenges related to long-term T cell persistence and engraftment. The efficacy of CAR T cell immunotherapy relies on the differentiation status and overall fitness of the CAR T cell product. Current protocols involve the activation and ex vivo expansion of patient T cells, however, activation leads to irreversible differentiation, compromising their therapeutic potency. Manufacturing protocols utilizing non-activated T cells results in superior differentiation characteristics and reduced exhaustion, with concordant benefits in long-term tumor control. Nevertheless, as quiescent T cells are highly resistant to lentiviral infection, CAR T manufacturing yield is a significant limitation with non-activated T cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of IFN1 blockade on CAR lentivirus transduction and function of non-activated T cells. Quiescent T cells were treated with an IFN1 binding protein, or vehicle, and transduced with CAR19 lentiviral vectors. Our findings demonstrate that lentiviral vector transduction triggers an innate immune response in non-activated T cells, resulting in reduced transduction efficiency, and altered T cell differentiation. Inhibiting the anti-viral response via blockade of IFN1 during transduction promotes a more naïve and central memory phenotype. We further investigate the effect of IFN1 blockade by lentiviral-mediated expression of CAR as well as a secreted IFN1-binding protein. These CAR T cells show enhanced cytolytic activity and cytokine production against target cells after repeated antigen exposure. We, therefore, tested the effect of IFN1 blockade in a preclinically validated xenograft NALM6 model of leukemia. After establishing xenografts, a suboptimal dose of CART19 (1e6 T cells), generated in the presence of IFN1 binding protein, was infused. These CAR T cells demonstrated enhanced tumor control relative to standard CAR T cells. Our studies in vivo suggest that the sustained secretion of the protein to block IFN1 may enhance the therapeutic activity of T cells in tumors reliant on IFN-mediated immune evasion. Our results identify a novel approach to enhance non-activated CAR T cell transduction and fitness by countering anti-viral defenses triggered during gene delivery. Mechanistically we show that blocking IFN1 signaling with a binding protein improves transduction and anti-tumor function of non-activated CAR T cells during repeated antigen exposure. Given the therapeutic promise of non-activated CAR T cells, our findings have immediate translational relevance for broadening their appeal against cancer.
Abstract 855: Medication use and ovary cancer risk in the California Teachers Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Approximately 21,000 new cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. Because inflammation is thought to affect ovarian carcinogenesis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and ibuprofen, and other medications such as acetaminophen and histamine receptor antagonists, may affect the risk of ovarian cancer. However, existing epidemiological evidence on these associations is mixed. Methods: We assessed the relationship between medication use and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in the California Teachers Study (CTS), a prospective cohort of former or current female public school teachers and administrators in California. Analysis included 104,184 women, of whom 420 were diagnosed with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer during follow-up through December 31, 2007. Self-reported medication use from the baseline CTS questionnaire (1995-1996) was used to classify exposures. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using Cox proportional hazards methods. Results: Regular use, defined as at least once a week, of aspirin (RR 0.96; 95%CI 0.76 − 1.19), non-aspirin NSAIDs (RR 1.04; 95%CI 0.80 − 1.30), acetaminophen (RR 1.13; 95%CI 0.85 − 1.50) or histamine receptor antagonists (RR 0.85; 95%CI 0.58 − 1.20) was not associated with ovarian cancer risk. Ovarian cancer risk was not associated with daily use of aspirin (RR 1.04; 95%CI 0.77 − 1.45) or non-aspirin NSAIDs (RR 0.85; 95%CI 0.56 − 1.31) but was associated with daily use of acetaminophen (RR 1.82, 95%CI 1.01 − 2.95), and the latter association persisted after excluding ovarian cancers diagnosed during the first one to five years of follow-up. Two-thirds of the daily acetaminophen users also reported using acetaminophen for more than three years, but there was no association between increasing duration of use and ovarian cancer risk. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that these medications reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Conversely, the finding that daily acetaminophen use was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer differs from previous studies and may warrant further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 855.
Mothers of schizophrenic patients: medical and psychological aspects of the problem

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thus, we can talk about the obvious mutual influence between a child with schizophrenia and his mother. On the one hand, it can be manifested in the form of the fact that a certain number of personal characteristics of the mother is accompanied by the formation of high rates of schizoid and neurotic child. Of course, the presence of a certain psychological type of mother (as the only reason) is not enough for the emergence and development of schizophrenia, but the subsequent development of the child’s personal disorders, as a borderline between the norm and pathology, can already be the ground for the development of the disease in the presence of other more significant causes (for example, hereditary). On the other hand, the disease of the child can be a significant stress factor for the mother, leading to the formation of her manifestations of emotional stress and psychological maladjustment, which, in turn, can adversely affect not only the features of her relationship with the child, but also on the features of the course of his disease. The mechanisms of formation of such a «vicious circle» are poorly studied even theoretically, not to mention the fact that in routine psychiatric practice these issues do not fall into the focus of the psychiatrist’s attention, are not taken into account in the development of therapy strategy. However, the parameters of interaction between mother and child, the level of their mutual empathy, can be important for the formation of compliance in the treatment of schizophrenia, as the «conductor» of therapy in relation to a small patient is the mother. There is also no doubt that the level of mental health of the mother is an important resource for maintaining the viability of the whole family system and, in particular, a necessary condition for the organization of adequate therapy for a child with schizophrenia. Therefore, the study of the issues of mutual influence of the patient with schizophrenia and his mother, the development of ways to correct the problems arising in this case are an important scientific and practical task of modern psychiatry.
Dyslipidaemia and altered hepatic function in males - consequences of androgen excess in fetal life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Adult male offspring of women with PCOS have increased dyslipidaemia, characterised by elevated triglycerides (TG), increased total and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and hyperinsulinaemia. As altered intrauterine endocrine environments can ‘programme’ adverse health outcomes in adulthood we hypothesised that this dyslipidaemia was a consequence of a hyperandrogenic intrauterine environment. We used an outbred large animal model to identify if prenatal androgen excess could be causally linked to male hepatic dysfunction and investigate the underpinning mechanisms of dyslipidaemia.Methods: Ovine fetuses were directly injected with a 200 μl bolus of testosterone propionate (PA; 20 mg) or vehicle control (C) at day 62 and 82 of gestation. Male adolescent offspring were studied at 6 months postnatal age (C, n=14; PA, n=14). Hepatic transcriptome and proteome were determined using Illumina RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Plasma proteins and analytes were measured using LC-MS/MS, ELISA or benchtop biochemistry autoanalysers. Statistical analysis between C and PA groups was carried out using pairwise comparisons, with false discovery rate correction, accepting adjusted P
Cognition and Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent results on cognitive processing styles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) open new avenues for successful psychological support and interventions. Previously, psychological treatment for ASD focussed on shaping behaviour by use of classical or instrumental conditioning or on addressing co-morbid mental health conditions. Few psychological interventions directly address deficits such as social communication issues or repetitive behaviours. The objective here is to review recent research results on cognitive processing in ASD and to introduce a framework for psychological interventions that directly addresses core deficits within the spectrum. From a research perspective, the framework allows the identification of gaps without appropriate psychological techniques are and facilitates strategies for empirical research. For the clinical practitioner, a structure for psychological interventions is introduced to facilitate the search for treatment options.
An Educational Study on Gadget Addiction and Mental Health among Gen Z

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The acceleration of modern technology in the techno gadget era has led to the transformation of modern media highlighted by Generation Z. The aim of this study is to explore how gadget addiction influences the level of depression, anxiety, stress and sleep quality among the samples from the Ministry of Health Training Institution Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. Using the stratified sampling method, a total of 316 college students from various field are surveyed on the Smartphone Problematic Use Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and Pittsburg Sleeping Quality Index. The Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression are adopted to find the relationship among the variables. Results show that gadget addiction is a predictor of depression, anxiety, stress and sleep disturbances. The findings of descriptive analysis show that the level of addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among the trainers is high. Positive correlations are found between the gadget addiction and levels of depression, anxiety, stress and sleep quality. Levels of depression, anxiety, stress and sleep quality among trainers are significant, with 13%, 10.7%, 12.5% and 3.4% experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and sleeping disturbance respectively. Therefore, it is generally possible to know that the problem of gadget addiction can interfere with mental health of the users if the use of gadgets is not well controlled. The implications of this study are useful to academics and heavy gadget users and those who are hooked with their gadgets in their everyday life. Further studies in this area are needed to delve deeper into other issues related to each element of gadget addiction in order to reinforce the research framework which will in turn develop a standard guide for controlling gadget use in Malaysia.