jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin synthase 1 gene disruption in mice reduces arachidonic acid-induced inflammation and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AbstractCyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) are key enzymes in prostaglandin biosynthesis and the target enzymes for the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. To study the physiological roles of the individual isoforms, we have disrupted the mouse Ptgs1 gene encoding COX-1. Homozygous Ptgs1 mutant mice survive well, have no gastric pathology, and show less indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration than wild-type mice, even though their gastric prostaglandin E2 levels are about 1% of wild type. The homozygous mutant mice have reduced platelet aggregation and a decreased inflammatory response to arachidonic acid, but not to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. Ptgs1 homozygous mutant females mated to homozygous mutant males produce few live offspring. COX-1-deficient mice provide a useful model to distinguish the physiological roles of COX-1 and COX-2.
On the Road to Samaria: Urban Religious Congregations as Resource Brokers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Concentrated poverty is an increasing problem in urban U.S. neighborhoods leading to social isolation and marginalization from mainstream institutions. Conventional thought has argued that the urban poor lack resources necessary for social and economic mobility due to constrained social networks endemic in homogeneously poor communities. However, neighborhood based organizations may be one place where the urban poor can engage heterogeneous resource networks to advance socially and economically. Religious congregations are enduring neighborhood organizations that present the opportunity for social interaction and resource access. Thus, this study examines the role of religious congregations in providing access to resources embedded in congregational social networks. Using survey and network methods, data were gathered on network relations, positional resources, and resource structure of active adult members of two Christian congregations in an urban neighborhood: N=122). The congregations represent two types of urban churches - neighborhood-based: n=59) and one that draws membership from within and beyond the neighborhood: n=61). Exploratory social network analysis is used to assess the network structure and distribution of resources, regression analyses to examine the effect of factors on social and economic returns, and exponential random graph modeling is used to predict the likelihood of ties between congregants of varying resource positions. Resource gatekeepers were more easily identified in the neighborhood congregation and both congregations were densely connected. Congregants generally reached high on the social ladder and reported access to a broad range of resources across four domains. Further, resources were spread widely across networks and not concentrated with any one group or congregants with certain characteristics. Neighborhood congregations offered a place for interactions to occur across upper reachability and income at the neighborhood congregation and across income at the mixed congregation. The mixed income congregation demonstrated less interactions among diverse populations within the congregation. Urban congregations are important neighborhood-based organizations where the urban poor can interact to access heterogeneous resource networks. However, access to resources does not necessarily translate into social and economic returns. Access is a necessary but insufficient condition to produce the returns essential for social and economic mobility. While urban religious congregations may act as brokers of resources, other forces impact the capitalization of those resources to make a significant, measurable difference in the lives of the urban poor.
Transient Transcriptional Activation of the Vibrio cholerae El Tor Virulence Regulator ToxT in Response to Culture Conditions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vibrio cholerae El Tor require special in vitro culture conditions, consisting of an initial static growth period followed by shift to shaking (AKI conditions), for expression of cholera toxin (CT) and toxin coregulated pili (TCP). ToxT, a regulator whose initial transcription depends on the ToxR regulator, positively modulates expression of CT and TCP. To help understand control of CT and TCP in El Tor vibrios, we monitored ctxAB and ToxR-dependent toxT transcription by time course primer extension assays. AKI conditions stimulated CT synthesis with an absence of ctxAB transcription during static growth followed by induction upon shaking. ToxR-dependent toxT transcription was induced at the end of the static growth period but was transient, stopping shortly after shaking was initiated but, interestingly, also if the static phase was prolonged. Immunoblot assays showed that ToxR protein levels were not coincidentally transient, implying a protein on/off switch mechanism for ToxR. Despite the transient activation by ToxR, transcription of ctxAB was maintained during shaking. This finding suggested continued toxT expression, possibly through relay transcription from another promoter. The 12.6-kb distant upstream tcpA promoter responsible for expression of the TCP operon has been proposed to provide an alternate toxT message by readthrough transcription. Activation of the tcpA promoter is supported by increased expression of TcpA protein during the shaking phase of the culture. Readthrough transcription of toxT from tcpA would be compatible with reverse transcription-PCR evidence for a toxT mRNA at times when ToxR-dependent transcription was no longer detectable by primer extension.
Adaptive Driving Scheme for ZVS and Minimizing Circulating Current in MHz CRM Converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The synchronous rectifier (SR) turn-off time should be accurately controlled to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) while minimizing circulating current in pulsewidth modulation converters operating at critical conduction mode. Traditionally, the zero-crossing of the inductor current needs to be detected, and the optimal SR turn-off time is set with reference to the zero-crossing signal. However, problems such as nonlinearity and time delay need to be dealt with, and these make the tuning process very time-consuming at high frequencies. Moreover, accurate zero-current detection is also challenging at high frequencies. This letter proposes an adaptive SR turn-off time tuning method for MHz power converters. The body diode conduction of active switch is detected to adjust the SR turn-off time. With the proposed method, the SR turn-off time can be tuned under various working conditions so that ZVS is achieved while circulating current is minimized. The proposed scheme is easy to implement and not sensitive to switching noise at high frequencies. A 500-W gallium nitride based boost converter is built to verify the proposed method, and the peak efficiency reaches 99% at 1 MHz.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: risk factors for thiopurine‐induced leukopenia in IBD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Background Thiopurine‐induced leukopenia, a frequently observed and potentially life‐threatening adverse event, complicates the clinical management of IBD patients. Aim To assess risk factors for thiopurine‐induced leukopenia in IBD. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and Cochrane library were searched for studies reporting at least one risk factor for thiopurine‐induced leukopenia. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated for each potential risk factor using a random effects model. Studies that were not eligible for meta‐analysis were described qualitatively. Results Seventy articles were included, 34 (11 229 patients) were included in meta‐analyses. A significantly higher thiopurine‐induced leukopenia risk was found for TPMT (OR 3.9, 95% [CI] 2.5‐6.1) and for NUDT15 R139C (OR 6.9, 95% CI 5.2‐9.1), G52A (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3‐7.9) and 36_37ins/delGGAGTC variant carriers (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.8‐11.4). A potential association between high 6‐thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN) or 6‐methylmercaptopurine (6‐MMP) levels and leukopenia was observed, since most studies reported higher metabolite levels in leukopenic patients (6‐TGN: 204‐308 (Lennard method) and 397 (Dervieux method), 6‐MMP: 4020‐10 450 pmol/8 x 10 8 RBC) compared to controls (6‐TGN: 170‐212 (Lennard method) and 269 (Dervieux method), 6‐MMP: 1025‐4550 pmol/8 x 10 8 RBC). Conclusions TPMT and NUDT15 variants predict thiopurine‐induced leukopenia. High 6‐TGN and 6‐MMP levels might induce leukopenia, although exact cut‐off values remain unclear. Potential preventive measures to reduce the risk of thiopurine‐induced leukopenia include pre‐treatment TPMT and NUDT15 genotyping. Routine thiopurine metabolite measurement might be efficient, yet cut‐off levels must be validated in advance.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 38104

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: NIZERSAIL 32-731
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 38104
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1974-09-12
Other identifiers: n/a,340706
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION INHYDRA CARNEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the freshwater hydrozoan Hydra carnea, the egg, matured and grown between the mesoglea and the epitheliomuscular cells of the ectoderm, is extruded after the emission of the second polar body. Surrounded by a clear jelly layer the egg remains attached to the polyp. Sperm which are released from the testicular sacs of male polyps are attracted by the egg. The jelly layer is penetrated only at the site of emission of the polar bodies by sperm which lack a structurally distinct acrosome. One sperm fuses with the egg at that site where the female pronucleus is found to lie close to the egg membrane. After fertilization and cleavage an acellular embryotheca is secreted by the blastomeres. These events were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy.
Internet gaming and related psychotic disorder: An emerging phenomenon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Internet addiction has recently been suggested as a possible diagnostic entity in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and incorporated in the International Classification of Diseases 11 th Revision (ICD-11) as a gaming disorder, predominantly, online or offline. Mostly, psychotic phenomena have been described by either alcohol or opioid withdrawal, but there is a paucity of literature on Internet-related psychosis. We report two cases from Northern India of sudden onset of psychosis due to Internet addiction. The contents of hallucinations and delusions reflected themes of Internet gaming. Psychosis as a specifier for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is not defined in DSM-5, whereas it should be considered as one of the presentations of Internet addiction.
Radiofrequency Ablation of spinal metastasis and temperature distribution at neural structures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an interventional method to treat metastases of the spine. RFA leads to a heat build-up to 75 ° C in the tumor, which rapidly drops to normal body temperature in the periphery. But nevertheless heating of the nerves and the spinal cord could lead to their[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
English and American Culture Appeal in Russian Advertising

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article proposes that Russian advertising discourse offers prospective for examining the changes in Russian language and culture in the context of globalization. It focuses on the use of English in Russian advertising with an analysis of code-mixed samples drawn from recent print, Internet and TV advertisements. Strong evidence emerges that the main source of creativity in Russian advertisements is the mixing of English and Russian. English–Russian language mix is presented in abundance on the levels of words, sentences and phrases in the structural components of Russian advertisements. The proportion of English in advertisements is in alignment with gender and modernity. Nativization and assimilation of English also manifests itself in using Cyrillic script for language transfer. The English usage in the advertisements can be explained by utilitarian reasons, as the brand names and logo in English are promoted all over the world, and by social reasons, as English is a sign of high-quality products, novelty, prestige and even fun. By revealing age-specific English used in advertisements, the attempts are made to redefine a new ethnic identity. The phenomenon is interpreted according to possible ongoing changes of Russian ethnolinguistic identity.
<title>Innovative approach to next-generation telescope design</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The new Phased Array Mirror, Extendible Large Aperture (PAMELA) technology can be applied to innovative designs for large astronomical telescopes and laser beam directors. Filled primary apertures with diameters exceeding 15 m will be capable of diffraction-limited imaging of objects at visible wavelengths. The same aperture can function as a nearly perfect conventional telescope primary mirror when objects or reference stars are too faint for adaptive compensation of atmospheric turbulence. This performance will be accomplished by means of a dual-mode control system which utilizes either local figure sensing to yield a nearly perfect wide-field, highly segmented mirror or a fully adaptive wavefront compensation system to drive the mirror segments to the phase conjugate positions to correct for atmospheric turbulence within the isoplanatic angle restriction. The active optics sensing for local figure control can be accomplished either by using differential height and tilt sensors on each segment or by using an optical interferometer at the center of curvature of the primary mirror. This paper presents a design concept for a 10-m telescope with a spherical primary mirror composed of about 10,000 10-cm diameter hexagonal segments. Principles of operation are described, and estimates of performance are given.
Protoplasmic Streaming and Nuclear Differentiation during Conjugation of Paramecium caudatum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is known in Paramecium that the fate of the micronucleus is determined by the intracellular localization of the nucleus and that protoplasmic streaming named cyclosis is very active during vegetative phase. The active streaming, if it occurs during conjugation, may interfere with the correct positioning of micronuclei and/or cytoplasmic determinants in a cell. In the present work, the velocity of protoplasmic streaming was measured during conjugation of P. caudatum. The results showed that the velocity changed remarkably at 3 stages. (1) It increased with the expansion of its active area 3 to 5 minutes after the mating reaction and then decreased again to the ordinary speed within 3 hours. The results of micro- or macronuclear removal showed that the increase in the velocity was not mediated either by the micronucleus or by the macro-nucleus. Moreover, injection of the anti-α-tubulin antibody at the mating reaction did not suppress the protoplasmic streaming effectively, although a role of microtubules on the protoplasmic streaming is not ruled out completely. (2) At the stages of disintegration of meiotic products and the exchange of gametic nuclei, the cytoplasm ceased streaming and then resumed it soon after synkaryon formation. (3) The streaming ceased again at the critical stage of macro-and micronuclear differentiation after the separation of mating pair, although the streaming was very active before and after this stage. Both cessations of (2) and (3) were not influenced by removal of the micronucleus during conjugation. The velocity of protoplasmic streaming during conjugation does not directly correlated with the micronuclear behavior. The cessation seems to be very convenient for intracellular positioning of the cytoplasmic determinants and/or of the micronuclei for the nuclear differentiation.
RF synthesizer based on intersil prism chipset

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This project report involved the analysis of the RF synthesizer circuits based on the Intersil wireless local area network (WLAN) evaluation board. The circuits were modeled using an RF circuit and system modeling software HP ADS. The performance parameters for the circuits were then simulated using the HP ADS. Measurements were conducted on a fabricated prototype board and the results were compared with simulations.
Lactobacillus GG reduced diarrhoea incidence in children treated with antibiotics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1999) J Pediatr 135, 564; Vanderhoof JA, Whitney DB, Antonson DL, et al. . Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. . Nov; . : . –8 . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: In children being treated with antibiotics, does co-administration of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) reduce the incidence of diarrhoea? Randomised (allocation concealed*), blinded (clinicians, patients, and outcome assessors),* placebo controlled trial with 10 day follow up. Primary care paediatric practice in Rapid City, South Dakota, United States. 202 children between 6 months and 10 years of age who had an acute infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, soft tissues, or skin and were prescribed a 10 day course of antibiotics. Exclusion criteria were chronic disease, serious acute infection, or diarrhoea at the start of antibiotic administration. 188 children (93%) (median age 4 y, 55% girls) completed the study. Children were allocated to LGG … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2Bpediatrics%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BPediatr%26rft.aulast%253DVanderhoof%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D135%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D564%26rft.epage%253D568%26rft.atitle%253DLactobacillus%2BGG%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bprevention%2Bof%2Bantibiotic-associated%2Bdiarrhea%2Bin%2Bchildren.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0022-3476%252899%252970053-3%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10547243%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70053-3&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10547243&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F5%2F4%2F113.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000083519400009&link_type=ISI
Reinforcement Learning-Based Mobile Offloading for Edge Computing Against Jamming and Interference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile edge computing systems help improve the performance of computational-intensive applications on mobile devices and have to resist jamming attacks and heavy interference. In this paper, we present a reinforcement learning based mobile offloading scheme for edge computing against jamming attacks and interference, which uses safe reinforcement learning to avoid choosing the risky offloading policy that fails to meet the computational latency requirements of the tasks. This scheme enables the mobile device to choose the edge device, the transmit power and the offloading rate to improve its utility including the sharing gain, the computational latency, the energy consumption and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the offloading signals without knowing the task generation model, the edge computing model, and the jamming/interference model. We also design a deep reinforcement learning based mobile offloading for edge computing that uses an actor network to choose the offloading policy and a critic network to update the actor network weights to improve the computational performance. We discuss the computational complexity and provide the performance bound that consists of the computational latency and the energy consumption based on the Nash equilibrium of the mobile offloading game. Simulation results show that this scheme can reduce the computational latency and save energy consumption.
The benefits and challenges of large-scale qualitative research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Qualitative research is rightly associated with in-depth studies of human experience, in which time is taken to sit with people, hear their stories and give them an opportunity to explore the nuances of their opinions and reminiscences. Such studies are therefore usually small-scale, giving close attention to relatively few participants, and seeking insights from the quality and depth of the data, rather than its quantity and replicability. This chapter, however, reflects on the experience of conducting large-scale qualitative research. Drawing upon the Understanding Audiences for the Contemporary Arts (UACA) project, which involved in-depth interviews with 187 audience members across four UK cities, this chapter considers the benefits of large-scale qualitative research, and the challenges of collecting and analysing such huge volumes of interview data. Themes are brought to light on this larger scale that are often overlooked in audience studies, such as the context in which attendance at specific events takes place, the understanding that audience members have of the cultural ecology of their location and the extent to which they are ‘at capacity’ or open to changing their attendance habits. The chapter concludes with reflections on the ethics and emotional dimensions of qualitative research, and the extent to which these are often gendered and undervalued.
An outbreak of Providencia stuartii urinary tract infections. Patients with condom catheters are a reservoir of the bacteria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated an outbreak of multiple antibiotic-resistantProvidencia stuartiiurinary tract infections that occurred on a neurology ward. Only patients who had been catheterized became infected. However, approximately 10% of patients with condom catheter urinary drainage systems were colonized, ie,P stuartiiwas present on their skin and in the urine drainage bags but not in fresh-voided urine. Patient urinals were also contaminated. The outbreak was terminated by segregating infected and colonized patients from other patients who required either external or indwelling urinary catheters and by stopping the practice of exchanging urinals among patients. (JAMA1981;245:1553-1555)
Compact pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with parallel Weyl tensor

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that in every dimension n=3j+2, j=1,2,3,..., there exist compact pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with parallel Weyl tensor, which are Ricci-recurrent, but neither conformally flat nor locally symmetric, and represent all indefinite metric signatures. The manifolds in question are diffeomorphic to nontrivial torus bundles over the circle. They all arise from a construction that a priori yields bundles over the circle, having as the fibre either a torus, or a 2-step nilmanifold with a complete flat torsionfree connection; our argument only realizes the torus case.