jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mounting Block

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mounting block outside the Little Angel Public House, Whitby (Yorkshire, UK). Mounting blocks were a common feature up until the late 18th century, allowing a horse to be mounted more easily. They were often located in main streets and outside public houses. The three stone steps are much worn. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1148271 The model was made from 173 photographs. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
A computing environment for the blind

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Much of the early work on applying computer technology to the development of sensory aids for the blind was devoted to systems for transforming ink-print texts into a Braille format. This continues to be an important use of computers, but the disadvantages of Braille render it a poor substitute for the modes of information access normally available to people with normal sight. Braille is embossed on bulky paper. The surface area required for tactile discrimination of the Braille dots add to the problem, since this means that a Braille text takes up more space than a corresponding ink-print text. Furthermore, the ability to read Braille takes considerable time to acquire, and not all visually handicapped persons can read Braille, due to concomitant handicaps or because their visual impairment came fairly late in life. Braille also has the disadvantage that it is unreadable to almost all sighted persons; blind persons cannot read what sighted persons can read, and vice versa. Many blind persons are excellent typists, so they can indeed communicate in writing to the sighted, but they have no way of proofreading their own typing.
Periodic Restructuring of Auroral Arcs as an Indicator of Alfvén Resonance in the Region of Substorm Onset

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using optical data from observatories of the Polar Geophysical Institutes, as well all-sky TV observations at Canadian stations of ground support for the THEMIS satellite mission, we clarify whether Alfvén resonance should necessarily be present in the region of subsequent substorm onset. If this is true, the diversion of magnetospheric cross-tail current to the ionosphere, which leads to substorm onset, may be due to resonant Alfvén (or flapping) oscillations that increase in duration. This possibility is believed to indicate optically the presence of Alfvén resonance via periodic restructuring of the preonset auroral arc 3–15 min before onset at T 0 . At the latitudes of the observatories included in this study, auroral restructuring occurs as repetitive poleward excursions of the preonset arc (the periods of excursions are 1–3 min) and can be readily explained by the theory of Alfvén resonance. It is shown that this feature, while typically observed in strong substorm events, may be lacking for weaker substorms. As proved by conjugate satellite observations, the lack of auroral restructuring in the latter case may result from the weakness of the involved Alfvén resonance, which is still present but not accompanied by large field-aligned currents sufficient for visualization in the ionosphere of the apparent propagation of oscillation phase across the resonance layer.
Towards Abstraction-based Probabilistic Program Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Probabilistic programs that can represent both probabilistic and non-deterministic choices are useful for creating reliability models of complex safety-critical systems that interact with humans or external systems. Such models are often quite complex, so their analysis can be hindered by state-space explosion. One common approach to deal with this problem is the application of abstraction techniques. We present improvements for an abstraction-refinement scheme for the analysis of probabilistic programs, aiming to improve the scalability of the scheme by adapting modern techniques from qualitative software model checking, and make the analysis result more reliable using better convergence checks. We implemented and evaluated the improvements in our Theta model checking framework.
Electrochemical-Thermal Modeling to Evaluate Battery Thermal Management Strategies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Thermal modeling of lithium-ion batteries is important for assessing the impact of different thermal management strategies on electrochemical performance. Existing models either do not correctly couple the electrochemical and thermal fields, or require significant computational resources that preclude rapid investigation of various cooling methods in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) simulations. In this study, a fully coupled electrochemical-thermal model that utilizes temperature dependent experimental data is described for a single spirally wound lithium-ion cell within a larger battery pack. In the model, temperature, current, heat generation, and depth of discharge (DOD) are allowed to vary locally and with time. In Part I of this study, a two dimensional cross-section for two different cell designs (8 Ah and 20 Ah) is simulated with both air and liquid surface cooling using a dynamic power profile. The results show that although liquid cooling reduces peak temperature significantly, it imposes a temperature difference across the cell. This causes the current and, subsequently, DOD to vary locally, which may adversely impact the life of the cell. Furthermore, as the cell increases in size and power level, the imposed temperature and DOD differences grow. Neither air nor liquid cooling allowed the pack size to be reduced beyond factors of 2 or 4, respectively.
Fast Forward — Neoadjuvant Cancer Immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunotherapies that are based on blocking the axis of the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway are having a transformational effect in cancer medicine. To date, the Food and Drug Administration has approved PD-1 pathway inhibitors for 10 types of cancer, with continued clinical study under way. The therapeutic efficacy of these drugs relies on endogenous tumor-antigen–specific T cells that are functionally held in check by negative signaling through PD-1. Preclinical models and human correlative biomarker data indicate that efficacy depends on antitumor CD8+ T cells that are recruited into the tumor microenvironment and that are functionally restrained. Treatment with PD-1 . . .
Annular pancreas with coexistent ampullary carcinoma in an elderly woman.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report the first known case of annular pancreas with coexistent ampullary carcinoma. Obstructive jaundice occurring in an 80-year-old woman was caused by the neoplasm rather than the congenital anomaly. Although the annular pancreas did not obstruct the duodenum, it did account for an unusual appearance of the neoplasm on air contrast roentgenography of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The two lesions were successfully treated by radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. The woman has been disease-free for more than 24 months.
Les Gestes Non Manuels en Langue des Signes Française ; Annotation, analyse et formalisation : application aux mouvements des sourcils et aux clignements des yeux

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

These thesis tackles Non Manual Gestures (NMGs) annotation within the context of Sign Language (SL) research and more particularly within the context of automatic generation of NMGs. The generation requires a precise description of NMGs. At the present, only symbolic notations are available. Thus, we propose a new annotation method, allowing precise movements descriptions taking into account the temporal structure of NMGs. This method involves qualitative as well as quantitative annotations and was used to get numerical and symbolical data for analysis on eyebrows movements and eyes blinking. Analysis of this data led to define a typology of theses movements. Categories are defined in terms of role, the place of the movement with the surrounding signs and the structure. These categories are formalized in order to allow their generation.
Binding Behavior between Transforming-Growth-Factor-Beta1 and Its Receptor Reconstituted in Biomimetic Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is critical to cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. It is important to understand the binding affinity between TGF-β1 and its receptors. In this study, their binding force was measured using an atomic force microscope. Significant adhesion was induced by the interaction between the TGF-β1 immobilized on the tip and its receptor reconstituted in the bilayer. Rupture and adhesive failure occurred at a specific force around 0.4~0.5 nN. The relationship of the force to loading rate was used to estimate the displacement where the rupture occurred. The binding was also monitored in real time with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and interpreted with kinetics to acquire the rate constant. Using the Langmuir adsorption, the SPR data were analyzed to estimate equilibrium and association constants to be approximately 107 M−1 and 106 M−1 s−1. These results indicated that the natural release of the binding seldom occurred. Furthermore, the degree of binding dissociation, confirmed by the rupture interpretation, supported that the reverse of the binding hardly happened.
CBX7 is a glioma prognostic marker and induces G1/S arrest via the silencing of CCNE1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) cooperates with other polycomb group (PcG) proteins to maintain target genes in a silenced state. However, the precise role of CBX7 in tumor progression is still controversial. We found that the expression of CBX7 in four public databases was significantly lower in high grade glioma (HGG). The reduced expression of CBX7 correlated with poor outcome in HGG patients. Both KEGG and GO analyses indicated that genes that were negatively correlated to CBX7 were strongly associated with the cell cycle pathway. We observed that decreased CBX7 protein levels enhanced glioma cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Then, we verified that CBX7 overexpression arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, we demonstrated that the underlying mechanism involved in CBX7 induced repression of CCNE1 promoter requiring the recruitment of histone deacetylase 2 (HADC2). Finally, in vivo bioluminescence imaging and survival times of nude mice revealed that CBX7 behaved as a tumor suppressor in gliomas. In summary, our results validate the assumption that CBX7 is a tumor suppressor of gliomas. Moreover, CBX7 is a potential and novel prognostic biomarker in glioma patients. We also clarified that CBX7 silences CCNE1 via the combination of CCNE1 promoter and the recruitment of HDAC2.
The preparation and properties of ergothioneine disulphide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| February 01 1958 The preparation and properties of ergothioneine disulphide H. Heath; H. Heath * 1The Lankenau Hospital Research Institute and the Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia 11, Pa., U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Toennies G. Toennies 1The Lankenau Hospital Research Institute and the Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia 11, Pa., U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1958) 68 (2): 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680204 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. Heath, G. Toennies; The preparation and properties of ergothioneine disulphide. Biochem J 1 February 1958; 68 (2): 204–210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680204 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1958 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1958 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Hemodynamics Contrast Investigation of Intracranial Aneurysms before and after Flow Diverter Stent Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: The research aims to investigate the changes in hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms before and after treatment with blood flow shunt stents treatment. Goal(s): The technical goal is to quantify common hemodynamic parameters, and use statistical comparison to analyze the variation patterns. Approach: A set of program was utilized to separate aneurysms from complex environments, calculate hemodynamic values within the region, and analyze the trend of changes in preoperative and postoperative data. Results: The results of simple statistical analysis showed that the average flow velocity, average WSS and OSI at the aneurysm presented a decreasing trend in different degrees after the shunt stent treatment. Impact: In this study, the number of subjects and hemodynamic parameters can be increased to obtain more comprehensive experimental results. Researchers can also focus on the relationship between aneurysm stability and hemodynamics, and establish corresponding prediction and evaluation models.
Accurate Magnetic Core Losses Measurement Under Arbitrary Excitation Waveforms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Precise core loss measurements are essential for magnetic design and the development of efficient and high-power density converters. This letter introduces a novel approach, leveraging the fast Fourier transform (FFT), to couple with the already demonstrated partial cancellation concept adopted for transformer core loss measurements. The proposed method perfectly eliminates the reactive voltage of the transformer under test contrary to the widely used two-winding method, yielding accurate core loss measurements regardless of the type of excitation waveform and design of the reference air core transformer. Experimental validation is performed by testing material N97 under both sinusoidal and rectangular excitations in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 500 kHz.
Stratification and filamentation mechanism for a multicharged plasma of a Z-pinch

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The thermal-ionizational instability that gives rise to axial and azimuthal inhomogeneities in the electron temperature and electron density in the form of striations and filaments in a multicharged plasma of a Z-pinch is studied in the linear approximation. The theoretical results on the rate at which the inhomogeneities grow and their characteristic spatial dimension agree with the experimental data.
Environmental Enrichment Dampens the Increase in Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Hippocampus Caused by Endometriosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Endometriosis is a disorder in which the development of uterine‐lining tissue is found outside the uterine cavity causing infertility, pain and stress. Previous studies have shown that stress can negatively affect the progression of the disease. Under the control of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, circulating glucocorticoids regulate immune and stress responses by binding to the glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Our objective was to determine if GR is altered in the brain hippocampal area of rats with endometriosis. We focused on the hippocampus as this is one of the main brain areas that display GR. In addition, hippocampal GR play a significant role in HPA axis hyperactivity. Endometriosis was induced in female rats (n=16) by suturing uterine horn tissue next to the intestinal mesentery and the disease was allowed to progress for 60 days, during which rats were exposed to either environmental enriched conditions (increased social groups, larger enclosures, toys and nesting) or normal housing conditions. Sham rats (n=8) had only sutures in the intestinal mesentery and were exposed to normal housing conditions. At the time of sacrifice, endometriotic vesicles, uterus and brains were collected. A single labeling with DAB immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the levels of GR in the Cornus amon (CA1 and CA3) and Dental Gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. We have previously documented that environmental enrichment can significantly reduce the progression of endometriosis resulting also in decreased GR expression within endometriotic vesicles compared to nonenriched rats. Results show that rats with endometriosis had 60% increased GR integrated density in CA1 and DG regions of the rat hippocampus compared to sham controls. Non‐enriched animals had double the integrated density of GR in the dorsal CA3 compared to sham controls and this increase was dampened by environmental enrichment. Our data suggest that interventions that decrease stress can provide some benefit to return GR activity to baseline levels in both, peripheral tissues and also in brain structures involved in stress regulation. Support or Funding Information NIH‐K07AT008027 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Sistem Pakar Untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Paru-Paru dengan Menggunakan Metode Teorema Bayes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Health is one of the most expensive assets that no one can buy. So that health is the most important thing for every human being, which is priceless. One of the important organs in the human body that greatly affects health is the lungs. The lungs are a part of the human body that plays a role in the respiratory system. Where the respiratory system holds the main control in human life after the heart. at the time of examination of the lungs, the costs required are relatively expensive. So because of the high cost of inspection and the lack of funds owned by the community, so that in the end the community becomes hesitant to carry out an examination. To help the community in dealing with these problems, a system is needed that can help the community diagnose or find out the disease that is being experienced by the community. The system is an expert system. An expert system is a system developed by experts using technology. Expert systems need methods. The method used in this study is the Bayes Theorem. The main function of this Bayes Theorem is to calculate the probability of an event or event occurring through the basis of the effect resulting from an observation or observation. After carrying out calculations based on this method, information was obtained that 90% of patients who consulted had Lung Cancer.
Title Isolated Absent or Hypoplastic Nasal Bone during Second Trimester Scan- Should it be Considered a Major Soft Marker?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: For many years, absent or hypoplastic nasal bone during prenatal scans has been reported to be associated with increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities. We aimed to study the association of isolated absent or hypoplastic nasal bone with chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes. Methods: a retrospective observational study conducted at BLK Max foetal medicine unit, in which women with absent or hypoplastic nasal bone during second trimester scan between 16-24weeks of gestation were recruited over a period of 2 years, from June 2021 to June 2023. Nasal bone was defined as absent when no calcification was seen below the skin of the nasal bridge in mid sagittal view of facial profile, while defined as hypoplastic nasal bone when nasal bone length was <5th centile for gestation according to gestation corrected Indian charts. Absent or hypoplastic nasal bone was defined as isolated - when there was absence of other second trimester soft markers, no other structural abnormalities were seen on the ultrasound and biochemistry screen was low risk. Results :A total of 3008 women were scanned during this period, among these 21 (0.69%) foetuses were found to have absent or hypoplastic nasal bone during second trimester scan. Thirteen (61.9%) fetuses were defined to have isolated absent (n-9) or hypoplastic (n-4) nasal bone which were included in the final analysis. Out of 13, 11 women opted for invasive testing where fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for 5 common aneuploidies and Microarray (750K) were sent on the amniotic fluid as a unit protocol, and 2 parents opted against any further genetic testing. In all tested cases, FISH and chromosomal microarray reports were reported as normal. All pregnancies were continued in our study group and had favourable foetal outcomes.
Fracture risk prediction in postmenopausal women with traditional and machine learning models in a nationwide, prospective cohort study in Switzerland with validation in the UK Biobank

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fracture prediction is essential in managing patients with osteoporosis and is an integral component of many fracture prevention guidelines. We aimed to identify the most relevant clinical fracture risk factors in contemporary populations by training and validating short- and long-term fracture risk prediction models in 2 cohorts. We used traditional and machine learning survival models to predict risks of vertebral, hip, and any fractures on the basis of clinical risk factors, T-scores, and treatment history among participants in a nationwide Swiss Osteoporosis Registry (N = 5944 postmenopausal women, median follow-up of 4.1 yr between January 2015 and October 2022; a total of 1190 fractures during follow-up). The independent validation cohort comprised 5474 postmenopausal women from the UK Biobank with 290 incident fractures during follow-up. Uno’s C-index and the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were calculated to evaluate the performance of different machine learning models (Random survival forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting). In the independent validation set, the C-index was 0.74 [0.58, 0.86] for vertebral fractures, 0.83 [0.7, 0.94] for hip fractures, and 0.63 [0.58, 0.69] for any fractures at year 2, and these values further increased for longer estimations of up to 7 yr. In comparison, the 10-yr fracture probability calculated with FRAX Switzerland was 0.60 [0.55, 0.64] for major osteoporotic fractures and 0.62 [0.49, 0.74] for hip fractures. The most important variables identified with Shapley additive explanations values were age, T-scores, and prior fractures, while number of falls was an important predictor of hip fractures. Performances of both traditional and machine learning models showed similar C-indices. We conclude that fracture risk can be improved by including the lumbar spine T-score, trabecular bone score, numbers of falls and recent fractures, and treatment information has a significant impact on fracture prediction.