jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A unified Bayesian theory of measurements

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bayesian target detection, tracking, and identification is based on the recursive Bayes filter and its generalizations. This filter requires that measurements be transformed into likelihood values. Conventional likelihoods model the randomness of conventional measurements. Other measurement types involve not only randomness but also imprecision, vagueness, uncertainty, and contingency. Conventional measurements and target states are also mediated by precise, deterministic models. But in general these models can also involve imprecision, vagueness, or uncertainty. This paper describes three major types of generalized measurements and their associated generalized likelihood functions. If measurements are "UGA measurements" then fuzzy, Dempster-Shafer, and rule-based measurement fusion can be rigorously reformulated as special cases of Bayes' rule.
Counter-Revolution, or Authentic Socialism?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the majority of Leftists in the 1960s, the Soviet Union ceased to be intellectually and ideologically inspiring. Both Soviet Communism and Western capitalism at that time represented “the System” which offered universal manipulability and universal marketability as its only alternative modes. Thus, the Left searched for authentic socialism, whether in the Marxist-humanist philosophy, in the Third World revolutions, or in the local socialist traditions. However, even though the global Left faced several general problems common to all Cold War worlds, there were also important contextual differences which prevented the common base from further development. Following this general context, this article will focus on the Left in Czechoslovakia and in the USA, particularly on the question whether the Czechoslovak reform movement of the late 1960s was inspiring for various groups on the US Left. With regard to the U.S. left-wing reactions to the Prague Spring or to the resistance of Czechoslovak people against the Warsaw Pact invasion, the article will pay attention especially to the discursive dichotomy of authentic socialism vs. counter-revolution.
Hybrid RF-Solar Energy Harvesting Systems Utilizing Transparent Multiport Micromeshed Antennas

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of a hybrid radio frequency (RF) and solar energy harvesting (EH) system utilizing a transparent multiport antenna for indoor applications is described. The system incorporates an eight-port transparent antenna, operating in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz band, and is constructed from transparent copper micromeshed planar conductor. The antenna is integrated on the top surface of a solar cell with rectifiers positioned underneath to form a hybrid RF-solar indoor EH system. A key advantage of this approach is that the surface area of the solar cell is reused for the antenna saving space. Another novelty is the use of a multiport antenna for increasing the RF harvested energy. It is demonstrated that with a light intensity of 360 lux, the solar cell can obtain 1.68-mW power while the rectenna can achieve an additional 4.8%-45.8% harvested power when the incident RF input power density is varied from 13.30 to 52.96 mW/m 2 . The transparent antenna achieves 72.4% efficiency and is one of the highest reported results. In addition, the rectifiers obtain 53.2% RF-to-dc conversion efficiency for an RF input power of -10 dBm. These results demonstrate that the proposed RF-solar energy harvester can increase harvested energy and provide energy diversity.
Depression and Anxiety Among First-Generation Immigrant Latino Youth: Key Correlates and Implications for Future Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examined how the migration and acculturation experiences of first-generation Latino youth contributed to their psychological well-being. Data came from the Latino Adolescent Migration, Health, and Adaptation (LAMHA) study, which surveyed 281 first-generation Latino immigrant youth, ages 12–19. Using logistic regression, we evaluated how migration stressors (i.e. traumatic events, choice of migration, discrimination, and documentation status) and migration supports (i.e. family and teacher support, acculturation, and personal-motivation) were associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety. We found that migration stressors increased the risk of both depressive symptoms and anxiety. Time in the US and support from family and teachers reduced the risk of depressive symptoms and anxiety. Compared to documented adolescents, undocumented adolescents were at greater risk of anxiety, and children in mixed-status families were at greater risk of anxiety and marginally greater risk of depressive symptoms.
Clinical characterisation of dual depression and association with bipolarity features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Substance use disorders often co-occur in individuals with major depression. This post hoc analysis of the BRIDGE-II-MIX study aims to examine the clinical characterisation of subjects with major depression and alcohol/sub-stance abuse in comorbidity, focusing on bipolarity features. Methods. This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 2811 subjects with a major depressive episode. Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as psychiatric comorbidity and treatment received, were collected and compared between major depressive patients with (SUD) and without (N-SUD) current alcohol/substance abuse. Results. Of the total sample, 8.3% met the criteria for current alcohol/substance abuse. Bipolar disorder was diagnosed more frequently in the SUD group (41.9%) than in the N-SUD group (24.7%), as well as comorbidity with eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (p<0.001), social phobia (p<0.001), and borderline personality disorder (p<0.001). In addition, SUD patients had more bipolar features than N-SUD patients, such as mixed features and early age at first depressive episode. SUD patients were also more likely than N-SUD patients to have (hypo)manic switches (p<0.001) and mood lability/irritability (p<0.001) in response to antidepressant treatment. Among current (hypo)manic symptoms, emotional/mood lability, grandiosity, and risky behaviour were most strongly associated with the presence of current alcohol/substance abuse. Conclusions. The presence of substance use disorder should always be carefully considered in individuals with MDE, especially in the presence of bipolar features such as affective instability, manic/mixed symptoms, suicidality, early age of onset of depression, and comorbidity with eating disorders, social phobia, or borderline personality disorder. When treating individuals with MDE and comorbid substance abuse, the potential risk of mood destabilisation with antidepressant use should be considered.
Vertical Distribution of Particulates within the Near-Surface Layer of Dry Bulk Port and Influence Mechanism: A Case Study in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowing the vertical distribution of ambient particulate matter (PM) will help port authorities choose the optimal dust-suppression measures to reduce PM concentrations. In this study, we used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess the vertical distribution (0–120 m altitude) of PM in a dry bulk port along the Yangtze River, China. Total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations at different altitudes were measured at seven sites representing different cargo-handling sites and a background site. Variations in results across sites make it not suitable to characterize the vertical distribution of PM concentration at this port using simple representative distributions. Bulk cargo particle size, fog cannon use, and porous fence all affected the vertical distribution of TSP concentrations but had only minor impacts on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. Optimizing porous fence layout according to weather conditions and cargo demand at port have the most potential for mitigating PM pollution related to port operation. As ground-based stations cannot fully measure vertical PM distributions, our methods and results represent an advance in assessing the impact of port activities on air quality and can be used to determine optimal dust-suppression measures for dry bulk ports.
Analysis of The Psychological State of Vehicle Drivers at The Intersection at The End of The Green Light and The Impact of Their Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Driving safety is a core area of road research, and the casualties and property damage caused by traffic accidents are enormous. Since most accidents are related to drivers, studying their behavior and psychology is essential to improve driving safety. This paper mainly focuses on the driver’s psychological state at the end of the green light of the traffic light (countdown 3s), and the behavior and detention of the driver at the end of the green light. Through psychological investigation, drivers who choose to pass the stop line at the end of the countdown to the green light can be divided into three types: adventurous, cautious, and peaceful. Comparing the situation of the on-site investigation with the psychological investigation, it is found that the driver’s judgment of the driving process has a certain error with the real situation.
Ivan Sen’s Transnational Post-Westerns:Mystery Road(2012) andGoldstone(2016)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper uses Neil Campbell's definition of post-Westerns as films 'coming after and going beyond the traditional Western whilst engaging with and commenting on its deeply haunting assumptions and values' (Post-Westerns, 2013) in order to expand it to a transnational, post-colonial context and focus on two films made by Australian director Ivan Sen (Mystery Road [2013] and Goldstone [2016]) that can be considered Australian post-Westerns. These two films make references not only to American Westerns, but also to the less known genre of Australian Westerns or 'bushranger films', and they use, on the one hand, an aboriginal protagonist as reminder of the 'black tracker' typical of Australian Westerns, and on the other, the Australian outback to question the country's identity and foundational myths. By establishing a complex dialogue both with American Westerns and their Australian counterpart, Ivan Sen articulates a discourse which refutes the country's foundational myth as a terra nullius, and proposes a new sense of national identity that is inclusive of the Indigenous experience.
Cdk5‐mediated phosphorylation regulates phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase type I γ 90 activity and cell invasion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase type I γ (PIPKIγ90) regulates cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. However, it is unknown how cellular signals regulate those processes. Here, we show that cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a protein kinase that regulates cell migration and invasion, phosphorylates PIPKIγ90 at S453, and that Cdk5‐mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation is essential for cell invasion. Moreover, Cdk5‐mediated phosphorylation down‐regulates the activity of PIPKIγ90 and the secretion of fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein that regulates cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, inhibition of PIPKIγ activity with the chemical inhibitor UNC3230 suppresses fibronectin secretion in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas depletion of Cdk5 enhances fibronectin secretion. With total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we found that secreted fibronectin appears as round dots, which colocalize with Tks5 and CD9 but not with Zyxin. These data suggest that Cdk5‐mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation regulates cell invasion by controlling PIPKIγ90 activity and fibronectin secretion.—Li, L., Kotodziej, T., Jafari, N., Chen, J., Zhu, H., Rajfur, Z., Huang, C. Cdk5‐mediated phosphorylation regulates phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase type I γ 90 activity and cell invasion. FASEB J. 33, 631–642 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Skip-scan: A methodology for test time reduction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reducing test time is a major challenge in scan based DFT architectures for cost effective test. In this paper, we have proposed a test pattern reordering methodology for dynamic scan architecture. The reconfiguration of scan chain dynamically reduces its length by skipping scan cells with don't care bits. A graph theoretical approach is presented for test pattern reordering to maximise skip. We have calculated theoretical bounds on reduction in test time and segregated test patterns into groups with variable skip-depths. Our results indicate up to 84% reduction in test time. Comparison of this approach with the default ATPG tool pattern and scan chain reordering technique is also done.
Systemic inflammation causes cerebral hypoperfusion, reductions in brain susceptibility and hippocampal hypoxia: a 9.4T MRI animal study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Inflammation is a pathological characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Individuals with MS are reported to experience reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain hypoxia (low oxygenation). The cause of these phenomena is not well-known. We studied the possible association between inflammation and hypoxia in an inflammatory mouse model by quantifying CBF (arterial-spin labeling MRI) and magnetic susceptibility (quantitative susceptibility mapping), as well as measuring hippocampal oxygen using oxygen-sensitive probes. We found that inflammation is associated with reductions in CBF, brain susceptibility, and hippocampal oxygenation. This supports the idea that inflammation can induce brain hypoxia and disrupt cerebrovascular autoregulation.
New Approaches to Study Jellyfish

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter, firstly, introduces the life history, biology and ecology of the highly diverse group of gelatinous zooplankton. Then, it explores how their complex life cycles have hampered the advance of scientific knowledge on jellyfish, and identify substantial knowledge gaps that still persist. The wide distribution of some jellyfish species and their high capacity to adapt to environmental changes are explored. The scientific gap on the biology and ecology of jellyfish assemblages, together with the detrimental effects of the proliferation of jellyfish blooms on coastal areas and human activities, promoted the urgent need to establish effective jellyfish monitoring programs. In this context, this chapter describes new technological approaches designed for autonomous and in situ jellyfish monitoring. Emerging technologies such as the coupling of widely distributed autonomous systems with new real time data processing methods, as well as the usefulness of autonomous in situ environmental DNA samplers, are specifically addressed. Special attention will be given to citizen science programs which improve and complement the existing monitoring programs, globally enhancing spatial and temporal resolution.
Induction of casein kinase II during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The peptide Arg-Arg-Arg-Glu-Glu-Glu-Thr-Glu-Glu-Glu was shown to be a specific substrate for casein kinase II (CK II) in extracts of 3T3-L1 cells. Fractionation of a cell extract on DEAE-cellulose revealed only one peptide kinase and it eluted at the same salt concentration required to elute CK II. Consistent with the properties of CK II, the peptide kinase activity was inhibited by very low concentrations of heparin (Ki less than 6 nM) and it used GTP efficiently as a substrate. A Western blot, developed with antiserum to bovine thymus CK II, demonstrated the presence of CK II protein in 3T3-L1 extracts and that peptide kinase activity was directly related to the amount of CK II protein. The peptide was used to assay CK II activity in extracts of 3T3-L1 cells stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes. Differentiation produced a transient increase in CK II activity that reached a maximum (4-fold) on day 4. The increased activity was accounted for by increased CK II protein. Induction of CK II preceded the increase in total protein and was not the result of cell proliferation. CK II induction was coincident with induction of the insulin receptor, but, whereas insulin binding remained elevated, CK II activity declined after day 4. Agents that stimulate differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells did not cause induction of CK II in 3T3-C2 cells that do not differentiate. The transient nature of the induction of CK II suggests that the kinase may contribute to the process of differentiation rather than being a phenotypic change like that of the insulin receptor.
LISCH NODULES AN OCCULAR MANIFESTATION IN A CASE OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurobromatosis (NF) is a multisystem disorder caused by a genetic mutation on chromosome 17. Neurobromatosis 1 is the form with the most characteristic ocular manifestations. Lisch Nodules of the iris are the well-known diagnostic criteria for the disease. Lisch nodules are usually seen at in young age. Our patient is an 8 years old female who presented with pain and swelling over the left chest and who showed features of neurobromatosis like cafe au lait spots and lisch nodules. Similar lesions were present in her mother. Lisch nodules are pathognomic of NF1 and should be differentiated from iris nevi observed in the general population. This disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. With an improved understanding of the disease and advancement in management, we can prevent complications.
Aquatic effects assessment: needs and tools.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the assessment of the adverse effects pollutants can produce on exposed ecosystems, different approaches can be followed depending on the quality and quantity of information available, whose advantages and limits are discussed with reference to the aquatic compartment. When experimental data are lacking, a predictive approach can be pursued by making use of validated quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which provide reliable ecotoxicity estimates only if appropriate models are applied. The experimental approach is central to any environmental hazard assessment procedure, although many uncertainties underlying the extrapolation from a limited set of single species laboratory data to the complexity of the ecosystem (e.g., the limitations of common summary statistics, the variability of species sensitivity, the need to consider alterations at higher level of integration) make the task difficult. When adequate toxicity information are available, the statistical extrapolation approach can be used to predict environmental compatible concentrations.
Research progress of migraine and patent foramen ovale

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Migraine is a common clinical chronic neurovascular disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Studies have shown that patent foramen ovale (PFO) may be related to migraine, such as transient hypoxemia caused by patent foramen ovale related right ⁃ to ⁃ left shunt, or vasoactive substances passing through an unclosed oval foramen, avoiding lung tissue metabolism and directly entering the arterial system, and contradictory micro ⁃ embolism and other mechanisms may be related to migraines related to patent foramen ovale, especially migraine with aura. The closure of patent foramen ovale can benefit some migraine patients. This article intends to outline the relationship between patent foramen ovale and migraine, and its mechanism, prevention and treatment.
Tracing the Genealogies of Ideas with Large Language Model Embeddings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, I present a novel method to detect intellectual influence across a large corpus. Taking advantage of the unique affordances of large language models in encoding semantic and structural meaning while remaining robust to paraphrasing, we can search for substantively similar ideas and hints of intellectual influence in a computationally efficient manner. Such a method allows us to operationalize different levels of confidence: we can allow for direct quotation, paraphrase, or speculative similarity while remaining open about the limitations of each threshold. I apply an ensemble method combining General Text Embeddings, a state-of-the-art sentence embedding method optimized to capture semantic content and an Abstract Meaning Representation graph representation designed to capture structural similarities in argumentation style and the use of metaphor. I apply this method to vectorize sentences from a corpus of roughly 400,000 nonfiction books and academic publications from the 19th century for instances of ideas and arguments appearing in Darwin's publications. This functions as an initial evaluation and proof of concept; the method is not limited to detecting Darwinian ideas but is capable of detecting similarities on a large scale in a wide range of corpora and contexts.
Assessment and Prediction of Helmholtz Resonator Performance Within Gas Turbine Combustion Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with the potential use of Helmholtz resonators to provide increased acoustic damping within aero gas turbine combustion systems. Experimental measurements were undertaken using a high intensity facility into which a three burner combustor sector (non-reacting) model could be incorporated. In this way the performance of various damper geometry combinations were assessed. The effect of incident noise levels was also considered along with the associated transition from linear absorption (i.e. where absorption is directly proportional to incident pressure magnitude) to nonlinear absorption (i.e. where the proportion of acoustic loss decreases with increasing noise levels). This complicates the performance comparison between different damping geometries and means care is required when relating laboratory to engine operating conditions. In addition, all the measurements were undertaken in the presence of fuel injectors and other realistic flow field features found within a combustion system and which could affect damping performance. Finally, experimental and numerical assessment was made of the noise levels at which ingestion of hot gas will occur into the resonator cavities with and without the presence of a purging flow. For the geometries investigated ingestion occurs when the fluid displacement in the neck during an acoustic cycle is approximately equal to, or greater than, the resonator neck length. The ratio of fluid displacement and neck length provides a limit for the noise levels at which hot gas is ingested into the cavity and hence the operating condition where damping performance and system mechanical integrity is significantly compromised.