jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Frozen verses: Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) call predominantly during austral winter

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The recent identification of the bio-duck call as Antarctic minke whale (AMW) vocalization allows the use of passive acoustic monitoring to retrospectively investigate year-round spatial-temporal patterns in minke whale occurrence in ice-covered areas. Here, we present an analysis of AMW occurrence patterns based on a 9-year passive acoustic dataset (2008–2016) from 21 locations throughout the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (Weddell Sea). AMWs were detected acoustically at all mooring locations from May to December, with the highest presence between August and November (bio-duck calls present at more than 80% of days). At the southernmost recording locations, the bio-duck call was present up to 10 months of the year. Substantial inter-annual variation in the seasonality of vocal activity correlated to variation in local ice concentration. Our analysis indicates that part of the AMW population stays in the Weddell Sea during austral winter. The period with the highest acoustic presence in the Weddell Sea (September–October) coincides with the timing of the breeding season of AMW in lower latitudes. The bio-duck call could therefore play a role in mating, although other behavioural functions of the call cannot be excluded to date.
Sampling via Rejection-Free Partial Neighbor Search

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Metropolis algorithm involves producing a Markov chain to converge to a specified target density $π$. In order to improve its efficiency, we can use the Rejection-Free version of the Metropolis algorithm, which avoids the inefficiency of rejections by evaluating all neighbors. Rejection-Free can be made more efficient through the use of parallelism hardware. However, for some specialized hardware, such as Digital Annealing Unit, the number of units will limit the number of neighbors being considered at each step. Hence, we propose an enhanced version of Rejection-Free known as Partial Neighbor Search, which only considers a portion of the neighbors while using the Rejection-Free technique. This method will be tested on several examples to demonstrate its effectiveness and advantages under different circumstances.
Estimation of mercury-sulfide speciation in sediment pore waters using octanol—water partitioning and implications for availability to methylating bacteria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The octanol—water partioning of inorganic mercury decreased with increasing sulfide, supporting a model that predicts decreased fractions of neutral Hg—S species with increasing sulfide. These results help explain the decreased availability of Hg to methylating bacteria under sulfidic conditions, and the inverse relationship between sulfide and methylmercury observed in sediments.
Contribution of Induction Training in Enhancing Performance of New Employees at TARURA and DART in Tanzania

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper examined the contribution of induction training to enhancing the performance of new employees in the public sector of Tanzania. The study was guided by Social Identity Theory, which emphasizes the importance of self-concept derived from group membership. Three dimensions of induction training—building self-identity, developing job engagement, and fostering social integration—were explored to determine their impact on new employee performance in two public offices, namely Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA) and Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit (DART) in Dar es Salaam City. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, targeting a population of management and subordinate employees within these offices. A sample of 8 management employees and 40 subordinate employees was selected using a simple random sampling method. Qualitative data were collected through interviews, while quantitative data were gathered via survey questionnaires. The data were analyzed using content analysis for qualitative responses and descriptive statistics, alongside Spearman’s correlation analysis, for quantitative data. The findings revealed that both self-identity and job engagement contributed positively to enhancing job performance among new employees at TARURA and DART, though the contribution was modest. Social integration, however, was found to have a significant positive impact on job performance. The study concluded that induction training is crucial for helping new employees build self-identity, develop job engagement, and achieve social integration, which collectively enhance organizational performance. It is recommended that the management of TARURA and DART should focus their induction training programs on these dimensions to optimize new employees' contributions to organizational success.
Comparison of gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR cholangiography in saline, blood and bile: a phantom study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background We compared T1- and T2-weighted signal intensities of liver-specific (gadoxetate, gadobenate) and non-specific (gadoterate) gadolinium contrast agents (CAs) in a bile phantom. Methods In a phantom study, gadoxetate, gadobenate, and gadoterate were diluted in saline, blood, and bile at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5. 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mM) and imaged in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The maximum signal intensities of CAs were compared for each sequence separately and across all T1-weighted sequences using one-way ANOVA. Results Using T1-weighted sequences, CA concentration-dependent signal intensity increase was followed by decrease due to T2* effects. Comparing CAs for each sequence in bile yielded higher maximum signal intensities with gadobenate than gadoxetate and gadoterate using T1-weighted spin-echo (p < 0.010), multiecho gradient- and spin-echo (p < 0.001), and T1-weighted high-resolution isotropic volume excitation (eTHRIVE) sequences (p < 0.010). Comparing across all T1-weighted sequences in the bile phantom, gadobenate imaged using T1-weighted turbo field-echo (TFE) sequence showed the highest signal intensity, significantly higher than that using other CAs agents or sequences (p < 0.004) except for gadobenate and gadoxetate evaluated with three-dimensional multiecho fast field-echo (3D-mFFE) and gadoxetate with T1-weighted TFE sequence (p > 0.141). Signal reduction with CA concentration-dependent decrease was observed on T2-weighted images. Conclusion In this bile phantom study of gadolinium-based CA, gadobenate and gadoxetate showed high signal intensity with T1-weighted TFE and 3D-mFFE sequences, which supports their potential utility for contrast-enhanced hepatobiliary MRI. Key points • Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography depends on contrast agent type, kinetics, and concentration in bile, • We compared signal intensities of three contrast agents in a bile phantom study. • Gadobenate, gadoxetate, and gadoterate demonstrated different signal intensities at identical concentrations. • Gadoxetate and gadobenate showed high signal intensities on T1-weighted MR sequences.
The Potential Role of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one’s risk for the development of future adult disease. Studies from humans and animals have demonstrated that many diseases can begin in childhood and are caused by a variety of early life traumas, including maternal malnutrition, maternal disease conditions, lifestyle changes, exposure to toxins/chemicals, improper medication during pregnancy, and so on. Recently, the roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in FOAD have been increasingly appreciated due to their wide variety of biological actions. PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily, consisting of three distinct subtypes: PPARα, β/δ, and γ, highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. By controlling the maturation of the oocyte, ovulation, implantation of the embryo, development of the placenta, and male fertility, the PPARs play a crucial role in the transition from embryo to fetus in developing mammals. Exposure to adverse events in early life exerts a profound influence on the methylation pattern of PPARs in offspring organs, which can affect development and health throughout the life course, and even across generations. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPARs in the area of FOAD, highlight the important role of PPARs in FOAD, and provide a potential strategy for early prevention of FOAD.
Presumptive seeding metastasis of pericardial mesothelioma following repeated pericardiocentesis in a dog.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A dog with a history of recurrent pericardial effusion that required repeated pericardiocentesis was presented to the surgical service at the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for thoracoscopic pericardiectomy. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous mass in the right lateral thorax. Cytology of the subcutaneous mass and histopathology of the pericardium were consistent with mesothelioma. This article details the first reported case of pericardial mesothelioma with suspected extra-thoracic metastasis following pericardiocentesis in a dog.
Surgery for femoral metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of operative intervention for femoral metastases which were selected based on expected survival and to discuss appropriate surgical strategies. Methods From 2002 to 2017, 148 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for femoral metastasis were included in this study. Prognostic risk assessments were performed according to the Katagiri and revised Katagiri scoring system. In general, the low-risk group underwent resection and reconstruction with endoprosthetic replacement (EPR), while the high-risk group underwent internal fixation (IF) and radiation therapy. For the intermediate-risk group, the operative choice depended on the patient’s condition, degree of bone destruction, and radio-sensitivity. Overall survival, local failure, walking ability, and systemic complications were evaluated. Results A total of 83 patients underwent EPR (low-risk, 23%; intermediate-risk, 60%; high-risk, 17%) and 65 patients underwent IF (low-risk, 0%; intermediate-risk, 32%; high-risk, 68%). The one-year survival rate was 71% for EPR and 15% for IF (p < 0.001). The one-year local failure-free survival was 93% for EPR and 67% for IF, and the two-year and five-year local failure-free survival for EPR were both 88% (p = 0.016). Although the ambulatory rate was 99% for EPR and 60% for IF, the median time to ambulation was shorter in the IF (EPR, 28 days, interquartile range (IQR) 25 to 35; IF, 23 days, IQR 18 to 28; p < 0.001) The cause of non ambulation was mainly due to progression of cancer (89%). The rate of systemic complications was comparable between the two groups (EPR, 18%; IF, 22%; p = 0.598). Conclusion Selective use of EPR where survival is expected to be good offers correspondingly good long-term results. IF is less invasive with shorter treatment period, which is beneficial for patients with short-term expected survival. Prognosis is an important indicator in selecting operative procedures for femoral metastasis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(3):285–292
SELECTION OF ALIGNMENT FOR FEEDER CANAL FROM PILLAIPALLY FLOOD FLOW CANAL TO WANKAMAMIDI TANK IN NALGONDA DISTRICT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Selection of alignment for a canal is critical in terms of cost and execution time.Several alignments may be possible between the source and destination of a canal, but command area and cost of work is more important.Canal works costs include the cost of earthwork both for embankment and cuttings. This paper presents the study of Flood Flow Canal from Pillaipally Anicut to the Minor Irrigation Tanks of Bhudan Pochampally, Chotuppal, Ramannapet and Chityal Mandals in Nalgonda District. With the use of Toposheets and SatelliteImage (CartoDEM), various thematic layers such as watershed, streams, contours are prepared.ArcGIS 10.2 desktop software and Google Maps API is used for data preparation, analysis and planning for canal alignment of feeder canal to Wankamamidi Tank.
Protozoan Pathogens: Identification

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The identification of protozoan pathogens is based upon direct detection of the respective causative agent in clinical specimens and/or upon detection of specific immune reactions of the host. A considerable part of protozoan diagnostics still mainly relies on microscopy, however, in the past years molecular methods, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based techniques, have gained more and more importance. One of the big advantages of molecular techniques is that they usually allow identification below the genus level, which is often impossible by light microscopy. Serological tests are of great value in all tissue parasites and generally in most extra‐intestinal infections, whereas they only have limited importance in acute infections with short incubation times and in immunocompromised patients. Rapid card tests detecting parasite antigens and host antibodies are available for several important protozoan parasites and serve particularly well in the field setting. Key Concepts: Of the around 100 protozoan species that can infect humans, some are of prime importance for human health, including the causative agents of malaria, amebiasis, leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness . Several protozoan infections show a more severe progression in the immunocompromised host , important examples are toxoplasmosis, pneumocystosis, cryptosporidiosis and visceral leishmaniasis. The size of protozoan pathogens varies from ∼2 μm (amastigote Leishmania spp.) to ∼150 μm ( Balantidium coli ). As parasite density in stool or body fluids may not be constant, the collection of repeated samples is often essential. Proper collection, storage and transport of clinical specimens are of crucial importance for reliable laboratory diagnostics. Accurate diagnosis includes both parasite detection and species (in some cases: genotype/serotype) identification . Although numerous protocols for molecular detection of protozoan pathogens have been established in the past years, consent on the most reliable technique is missing for most protozoan taxa, thus demonstration of the causative agent in native material or stained smears is still the gold standard for detection. Good microscopic expertise is essential: low parasite density and/or morphologic variability can result in false negative results, pseudo‐parasites and artefacts are common causes of false positive results. In many protozoan taxa, morphology alone does not provide enough information for identification on or below the species level, this is today mainly based on molecular biological methods .
Global DNA methylation and transcriptional analyses of human ESC-derived cardiomyocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

与定义文化协议，人的胚胎的干细胞(hESCs ) 能在 vitro 产生 cardiomyocytes，因此为人的心开发提供一个伟大的模型，并且保持为心脏病治疗的大潜力。在这研究，我们成功地产生了人的 cardiomyocytes (hCMs ) 的一张高度纯的人口(>95%cTnT+) 从 hESC，在基因表示和 DNA methylation 的线，使我们能识别并且描绘 hCM 特定的签名，铺平。这些充实 hCM 的基因的基因功能的协会网络和基因疾病网络分析提供新卓见进 hCM transcriptional 规定的机制，并且为调查心脏的基因函数和疾病机制作为一个增进知识、富有的资源站。而且，我们证明心脏结构的基因和心脏抄写的因素有不同 epigenetic 机制调整他们的基因表示，提供 epigenetic 机械怎么协调在不同房间调整基因表示的更好的理解打字。
Synergetic effects of atmospheric plasma and UVA treatment for eye infection pathogens disinfection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a combined method of using atmospheric surface micro-discharge (SMD) with UVA exposure to provide a fast and efficient method against eye infection pathogens. 4 kinds of typical eye infection bacteria were chosen and treated under SMD treatment only, UVA exposure only and 5min SMD treatment followed by 1 or 2 min UVA exposure in buffered solution. The combination of plasma treatment and UVA exposure presented the best antibacterial effect, especially for the UV-resistant bacteria strain, Serratia marcescens. This synergetic method has been found to have no selectivity on bacterium type. The possible mechanism of the synergetic effects was preliminarily proved to be caused mainly by photodecomposition of nitrite. UVA photolysis analysis of pure nitrite, H 2 O 2 solution and their mixture indicated the formation of peroxynitrite in buffered solution partly contributed to the anti-bacterial effect in this work.
INTERACTION EFFECT OF GENDER, ACROSS SCHOOL-TYPE ON UPPER-SECONDARY STUDENTS’ DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL REASONING ON ORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chemical tests (qualitative analysis) on functional groups may improve students’ understanding of basic concepts about the structure of organic compounds and their reactivity. However, upper-secondary school students have difficulties in learning organic qualitative analysis. This research has studied whether the gender of students and school-type affect development of experimental reasoning on organic qualitative analysis. From three school-types, 50.2% males and 49.8% females were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure and participated in a cross-sectional survey. Data from 263 students were collected with the aid of diagnostic test on knowledge of organic qualitative analysis. A two-way between-groups ANOVA and independent-samples t-test were used to analyse the data. It was found no interaction effect of gender and school-type on students’ development of experimental reasoning on organic qualitative analysis. Keywords: gender and school-type, interaction effect, organic qualitative analysis, performance of students
The Use of Selected Bacteria and Yeasts to Control Vibrio spp. in Live Food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vibrio species are a significant causative of mass mortality in mariculture worldwide, which can quickly accumulate in live food and transmit into the larval gut. With restrictions on the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, finding a proper solution to reduce the risk of Vibriosis is vital. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Vibrio harveyi, V. campbellii, V. anguillarum, and V. parahaemolyticus to twenty-six bacterial and yeast strains and use the beneficial ones to enrich live food (Branchiopod, Artemia franciscana, rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis and copepod, Tigriopus japonicus). Thus, a modified disk diffusion method was applied. After a susceptibility assay, the bacteria and yeast beneficial in suppressing the Vibrio species were labeled by fluorescent stain and used to measure the accumulation potential in different live foods. Also, the beneficial bacteria and yeast were used to enrich live foods, and then the count of loaded Vibrio was estimated after 5, 10, 15, and 20 h by the serial dilution method. From the total bacteria and yeast strains that were used, Candida parapsilosis, Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra, Lactobacillus sakei, Bacillus natto, and B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited all four Vibrio species. The results of microbial labeling showed that L. sakei in Artemia, C. parapsilosis in rotifers, and V. harveyi in copepods had the highest accumulation rate. The results of the estimation of loaded Vibrio in different live foods also showed that the use of beneficial bacteria and yeast each significantly reduced the count of Vibrio. Application of bacteria and yeast to suppress pathogenic Vibrio maybe a sustainable method for preventing this pathogen from harmfully invading aquaculture and may also aid in reducing the chances of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic Vibrio.
The Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram and Nomogram Application Software Among Men Treated with Abiraterone Acetate and/or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: With widespread medication choices for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is now available, on the other hand biomarker to predict the efficacy of each mCRPC treatment has not been established. Objective: This study developed prognostic nomogram to predict prognosis in CRPC patients who received abiraterone acetate (ABI) and/or enzalutamide (ENZ). Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 568 mCRPC patients received ABI and/or ENZ from 2012 to 2017 were enrolled in this study. We developed prognostic nomogram based on the risk factors by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: The nomogram was also assessed for discriminatory ability with the concordance index (C-index). We repeated 5-fold cross-validation 2000 times to estimate the C-index and reported the means of the estimated C-index for the training and validation sets. And we also developed nomogram application software (app) based on this nomogram. Results and Limitations: The median overall survival (OS) was 24.7 months. A multivariable analysis showed that the time to CRPC, pre-chemotherapy, baseline PSA, baseline ALP, and baseline LDH were independent risk factors for the OS (HR: 0.521, 1.681, 1.439, 1.827, 12,123, p:0.001, 0.001, <0.001, 0.019, <0.001)). C-index was 0.72 in training cohort and 0.71 in validation cohort. Conclusion: We developed nomograms to predict the OS for Japanese mCRPC patients who received ABI and/or ENZ. The advent of mCRPC prognosis prediction app will facilitate greater accessibility for clinical use. Patient Summary This study developed and validated a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of mCRPC patients who receive ABI/ENZ treatment using clinical information. This study also developed mobile app to facilitate clinical usage.
Electronic music in the perspective of semiotics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of the present article is to describe the unique idiom of electronic music in the perspective of semiotics. The starting point of this reflection is an attempt at a definition of what electronic music is. It then moves on to questions concerning the explanation of the two main concepts of semiotics, sign and meaning. Here, the goal is to outline the general tendencies in interpreting these concepts in the context of Pierce’s theory of sign and in the context of other concepts utilized in the field of narratology, i.e. diegesis and mimesis; with the aim of transferring these interpretations to the field of electronic music. The important nodes of this reflection are illustrated with specific examples of electronic musical works. The article also explores the semantic and cognitive attributes of electronic music and the relationships between them. The understanding of meaning in electronic music is explained in terms of analogies between the characteristics of cognitive processing of the sounds of everyday life and sounds utilized in electronic music.