jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PWE-155 The Safety Of Ascitic Drain Insertion In Patients With Deranged Coagulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Abdominal paracentesis for ascites is not an uncommonly performed procedure. Most patients needing abdominal paracentesis have significant derangement of coagulation. We wanted to assess the safety of abdominal paracentesis in patients with significant INR elevation. Methods 67 consecutive patients requiring abdominal paracentesis at our hospital were retrospectively analysed. Patients were placed in to 3 groups depending on the baseline INR (Group A: INR 1–1.4, Group B: INR 1.5–1.9, Group C: INR 1.9 and above). Complication data collected on all patients using a standarised profroma. All data was then entered on to a spreadsheet program (Microsoft Excel) and analysed using SPSS v22. Results Of the 67 patients 25 (37%) had a near normal INR (group A), 32 (48%) had moderate INR prolongation and 10 (15%) had significant INR prolongation (group C). 3 patients in group C received fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Overall there was no significant increase in the frequency of Blood staining, Hypotension, Leaking drain site, Infection, Peritonitis, Perforation and Death across all 3 groups (full data and p values shown in Table 1). Abstract PWE-155 Table 1 Group A (INR 1 1.4) n = 25 Group B (INR 1.5–1.8) n = 32 Group C (INR 1.9 and above) n = 1 p value (group A vs B) p value (group A vs C) p value (group B vs C) Blood staining (%) 0 3.1 10 1.00 0.30 0.45 Hypotension (%) 20 9.4 30 0.28 0.66 0.13 Perforation (%) 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 Leaking site (%) 0 3.1 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 Death (%) 0 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 Peritonitis (%) 4 0 0 0.44 1.00 1.00 Infection (%) 0 3.1 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 Conclusion The complication rate does not significantly increase with increasingly deranged coagulation. This is despite very low usage of FFP in this study. There is a trend towards an increased risk of bloodstaining and hypotension in the high INR group, which does not achieve statistical significance. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Illustrated Checklist of the Decapoda at Europa Island

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract—An inventory of the Decapoda was compiled during a Biodiversité, Ressources et Conservation des Récifs Coralliens des Iles Eparses (BIORECIE) expedition to Europa Island in 7-12 November 2011 and incorporated in a checklist with previous records. In total, 176 decapods have been collected at Europa Island, including 62 new records. The Decapoda are mainly Indo-West Pacific but a few are endemic to the western Indian Ocean. Two hermit crabs of the genus Pagurixus have been recognized as new species and will be published separately. The Europa Island decapods proved slightly depauperate compared to Mayotte Island. This is attributed to the smaller lagoon size and mangroves at Europa as well as to its geographic isolation.
Efficient Gate Capacitance and Current Modeling of High-k Gate Stacks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computationally efficient and accurate physically-based self-consistent compact models of CMOS gate-capacitance (Cg-Vg) and gate-current (Ig-Vg) for both ultra-thin SiO2 and high-k gate-stacks down to ~ 0.5 nm EOT are reviewed. The compact model produces results comparable to those obtained via computationally intense simulators. A modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm has been used in combination with these models to provide an efficient material and device parameter extraction capability. In a few seconds, parameters such as effective oxide thickness, surface substrate doping concentrations, flat-band voltages and poly-Si doping concentrations can be obtained from measured Cg-Vg, and physical thicknesses, band offsets, dielectric constants and tunneling masses for the gate-dielectrics can be extracted from measured Ig-Vg.
THE REACTION OF WHEAT HYBRIDS TO A SPRING FROST

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A moderate June frost proved highly efficient in the separation of wheat hybrid lines for resistance to spring frost. Eighty of 332 F 6 lines of H-44-24 × Reliance and fully 56 of 227 F 5 lines of (Reliance × Reward) × Reliance appeared to have the superior frost resistance of Reliance. Significant genetic differences in frost reaction were found among the lines of each of two new varieties.
Studies on the enzymology properties of fungal-α-amylase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fungal-α-amylase is a critical enzyme of producing maltose. Enzymology properties of two kinds of fungal-α-amylase were studied.The results showed that both optimum dilution multiple 1000; and the optimum pH 5.5; better heat-stability below 50℃;enzyme activity was loss much more over 60℃.Both enzymes have activation with Ca~(2+) concentration 7mmol/L.
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Natural history and effects of dextran sulfate.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated 246 cases having clinically primary chronic glomerulonephritis and histologically mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis of varying degrees. 190 patients conservatively followed with serial measurements of GFR served as delineating the natural history. The remaining, randomly selected 56 subjects were treated with Dextran sulfate, a mild anticoagulant, for 7 to 56 months (average, 25.4). 55 cases underwent repeated renal biopsy at the mean interval of 3.3 years. It became evident clinically and morphologically that the severity of diffuse mesangial proliferation and the presence of focal and segmental lesions in more than 20% were two critical determinants of the natural history. All cases with mild mesangial proliferative alteration alone survived more than 10 years, but none of the patients with global sclerosis in more than 50% in the initial biopsy did. 10-year survival rates in mild, and moderate or greater mesangial proliferation with the focal-segmental lesions were 45.0% and 19.3%, respectively. In the treated group, renal function improved or was maintained, along with histologic confirmation in some, during the follow-up period. Moreover, the survival rate of subjects with global sclerosis in more than 50% ameliorated beyond the natural history. Thus, Dextran sulfate appeared promising for a possible suppression of the coagulatory process associated with the focal-segmental lesions.
[Catamenial pneumothorax].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is a specific type of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. It is characterized by a temporal relationship with menses. CP is considered to be the most frequent symptom of thoracic endometriosis. It occurs mainly in women above 30 years of age and is typically right sided. The authors reviewed the current literature on this entity. The hypotheses on its pathogenesis and the diagnostic possibilities and therapeutic options are discussed.
Tactile spatial acuity and roughness discrimination: Impairments due to aging and Parkinson's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We used gratings of alternating ridges and grooves in a quantitative psychophysical investigation of tactile perception in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched normal controls. The groove width required for threshold discrimination of grating orientation was 25% higher in the control subjects compared to younger individuals studied previously (p = 0.004), indicating a small but significant decline in tactile spatial acuity with age. Relative to age-matched controls, patients with PD showed a twofold increase in the tactile spatial threshold (p = 3.07 x 10(-8), with somewhat greater impairment on the side more affected clinically (p = 0.03). Testing with the forearm prone, as compared to supine, produced a small improvement in the acuity of patients (p = 0.01) but not controls (p = 0.26). PD patients were also impaired in tactually discriminating grating roughness: their difference limens were over three times higher than those of controls (p = 5.74 x 10(-5)) for gratings differing in groove width, and over twice as high (p = 0.0003) for gratings differing in ridge width. We conclude that PD significantly impairs performance on these tactile tasks.
A Dual Network Hydrogel Sunscreen Based on Poly-γ-glutamic Acid/Tannic Acid Demonstrates Excellent Anti-UV, Self-Recovery, and Skin-Integration Capacities

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Novel sunscreen products based on bioadhesive/gel systems that can prevent the skin penetration behaviors of UV filters have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, integration is very difficult to achieve and control on the wet surface of the skin under sweaty/dynamic physiological conditions, resulting in functional failure. Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of a novel dual-network hydrogel sunscreen (DNHS) based on poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and tannic acid (TA), which demonstrated prominent UV protection properties across broad UVA and UVB regions (360–275 nm). Due to a three-dimensional network microstructure and a highly hydrated nature that mimics the extracellular matrix of natural skin, DNHS can perfectly match the skin surface without irritation and sensitization. In addition, the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions of γ-PGA and TA provide an important driving force for coacervation, which endows the DNHS with remarkable self-recovery properties (within 60 s). Moreover, due to the multiple interfacial interactions between γ-PGA/TA and the protein-rich skin tissue surfaces, DNHS simultaneously possesses excellent skin-integration and water-resistance capacities, and it can be readily removed on demand. Our results highlight the potential of the DNHS to be used in next-generation sunscreens by providing long-term and stable UV protection functions even under sweaty/dynamic physiological conditions.
Mechanical Properties of Poly(acrylamide-sodium acrylate) Hydrogels Synthesized under Direct Current Electric Fields with High Voltages

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The poly(acrylamide-sodium acrylate) hydrogels were synthesized by free polymerization under externally imposed electric fields. The mechanical properties of hydrogel were measured by tensile test. The results indicate that the Young’s modulus of hydrogel is increased with electric field strength. It is shown that the polymerization of polar monomer molecules with ordered arrangement in the direction of electric field results in the formation of orientated network structure hydrogel.
Estimation of lysine requirements for growing Japanese quails

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary This study was conducted to estimate the lysine requirements of growing meat‐type Japanese quails based on different growth responses using different regression models. Experimental treatments including five doses of dietary lysine (9.40, 10.9, 12.4, 13.9 and 15.4 g/kg of diet) were used in a dose‐response platform from 7 to 21 day of age. A total of 375, 7‐day old quail chicks were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments with five replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Performance traits including feed intake ( FI ), weight gain (G) and feed:gain (F:G) and carcass criteria including dressing ( DRS ), breast meat yield ( BMY ) and leg meat yield ( LMY ) were measured and used to fit several models (e.g., spline and quadratic polynomial models). Except FI and LMY , other parameters responded to dietary treatments ( p < .05), in which G linearly but F:G, DRS and BMY quadratically responded to incremental levels of lysine ( p < .05). On the basis of statistical merit, the best estimation of lysine requirements for G, F:G, BMY and DRS was 12.39 ( R 2 : .93 and S y.x : 2.35), 12.40 ( R 2 : .98 and S y.x : 0.001), 13.64 ( R 2 : .99 and S y.x : 0.15) and 13.80 ( R 2 : .99 and S y.x : 0.50) g/kg of diet respectively. This study showed that lysine requirements for maximum carcass yield and its attributes (e.g., BMY ) might be higher than those needed for maximum growth rate or feed efficiency.
The impact of transition on agriculture and rural areas in Hungary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper authors are dealing with the link between processes of transition, liberalization, decentralization and influence of these processes in agriculture and rural areas in Hungary. After the collapse of Warsaw Pact, Hungary entered the process of transition. Some important steps that were made in accordance with this process were territorial decentralisation and market liberalization. In parallel with the process of transition also was the process of privatization. It changed the structure of agricultural farms in the sense that they become too weak to survive in the market. Market liberalization has been the especially negative for agriculture and rural areas. However, in the meantime Hungary joined the European Union. It can be expected in the future that Hungary will stabilize the development of agriculture and rural areas if implements measures in accordance with guidelines that are precondition for using European funds intended for this purpose.
Effect of Intradialytic Supine Ergometer Exercise on Hemodialysis Patients with Different Nutritional Status

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The result of this study may indicate that 6MD can be improved by exercise during dialysis, regardless of nutritional status. It is said that low nutritional status has a negative impact on survival rate; thus, considering the impact on survival rate, it is hemodialysis patients with a low nutritional status that should be considered to introduce more active exercise during dialysis.
Delay in serum stimulation of Erk activity caused by oncogenic transformation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitogenic growth factor stimulation activates several signal transduction pathways, including the well-characterized Ras-Erk pathway, resulting in transient activation of Erk1 and Erk2. Oncogenic transformation, however, causes constitutive activation of growth signalling pathways, resulting in an accelerated rate of cell division. We investigated the effects of transformation on serum and growth factor stimulation of Erk1 and Erk2, and show that stimulation of these MAP kinases, as well as the Erk activator Mek, is delayed in oncogene transformed cells. Possible mechanisms of this delay are explored. In addition, our data indicate that prolonged mitogenic stimulation does not necessarily result in constitutive activation of Erk1 and Erk2.
Prevalence of depression in Tunisian general population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Depression is a major burden for the health-care system worldwide. Objective To identify prevalence and severity of depression in Tunisian general population and define socoiodemographic characteristics of screened positive to depression participants. Method We undertook a cross-sectional and descriptive study. A total of 134 participants, representative of the Tunisian general population, were enrolled. Age, gender, and educational level were the major criteria for representativeness. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results The cut-off score was 10. The prevalence of depression was 13.4%. There were no statistical difference in gender, education and age for the prevalence of depression. Conclusion The World Health Organization ranks depression as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Thus, the detection of depression and the dissemination of treatment in the general population are very important to reduce the burden of the disease. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) on Ghrelin, Leptin, and Adiponectin in GH-Deficient Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand specific for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor and is the most potent known substance releasing GH. It also increases appetite, glucose oxidation, and lipogenesis. GH, in contrast, promotes lipolysis and glucose production. Taking nutrients, especially glucose, depresses levels of both ghrelin and GH. Leptin and adiponectin are peptides whose levels correlate with adipose tissue mass. Serum leptin levels reportedly are increased in patients with GH deficiency (GHD). This study was done to determine the effects of GH treatment on levels of these substances in 36 patients known to have GHD for just over 10 years on average. All but 2 patients had complete pituitary insufficiency. Patients were randomized to receive either GH or placebo for 9 months and, after a 3-month washout period, the other treatment for 9 months longer. Recombinant human GH was begun in a dose of 0.5 U/m2 and the dose was increased as needed up to a maximum of 2 U/m2. GH treatment lowered total body fat while increasing fat-free mass. Men lost a small amount of body weight but had no change in body mass index. Levels of both ghrelin and leptin (Fig. 1) declined in men and women. Adiponectin increased in women only (Fig. 2). Estrogen replacement therapy did not alter the findings. Blood glucose levels increased in men given GH, whereas insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin levels increased in both men and women after GH treatment. The drop in ghrelin correlated directly with decreased body fat and leptin levels, and inversely with the elevation of fat-free mass. Leptin levels correlated strongly with total body fat and inversely with fat-free mass before and after GH treatment. The reductions in leptin and total body fat correlated positively with one another. Insulin levels correlated positively with leptin levels after GH therapy. Levels of adiponectin correlated with body fat after GH. The changes in IGF-1 and fat mass significantly predicted the reduction in ghrelin. Suppression of ghrelin could promote the loss of body fat in patients with GHD who receive GH treatment. Possibly, the GH/IGF-I axis has a negative feedback effect on ghrelin secretion.Fig. 1: Leptin levels (ng/mL ± standard error of mean) before and after 9 months of growth hormone therapy in 21 men and 15 women with growth hormone deficiency. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 versus baseline. Reproduced with permission. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5193–5198. Copyright © 2003, Endocrine Society. All rights reserved.Fig. 2: Adiponectin levels mg/L ± standard error of mean before and after 9 months of growth hormone therapy in 21 men and 15 women with GHD. *P < 0.05 versus baseline. Reproduced with permission. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5193–5198. Copyright © 2003, Endocrine Society. All rights reserved.
[Imipenem resistance in Gram-negative rods and its consumption between 1999 and 2005].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multidrug resistant Gram-negative rods are increasingly isolated from clinical specimens, especially from hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of imipenem resistant strains of Gram-negative rods isolated in dr. A. Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz between 1999 and 2005 and imipenem consumption in this period. Out of 109614 isolated microorganisms, Gram-negative rods were 28,5%, 637 (2,0%) of strains were resistant to imipenem. These strains were isolated mostly from patients hospitalized in intensive care and rehabilitation clinics. Among imipenem-resistant strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevailed (88,9%). P. aeruginosa strains were sensitive to colistin, 45,5% of them to aztreonam and 44,0% to ceftazidime. The imipenem consumption in the appropriate years included in this study was: 805,00; 1201,25; 940,00; 1390,00; 1660,00; 1341,25; 1841,25 DDD respectively, and was strictly connected with increasing imipenem-resistant Gram-negative rods isolation.
Thomas Hare and John Stuart Mill

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although Thomas Hare may have faced several different challenges when he was young since he had to work and provide for himself as he studied law, he became a student at the Inner Temple in 1828. As he worked at the Charity Commission, he gained enough experience for himself to be exposed to various legal problems and social issues, particularly those that concerned the depopulation of villages and the residences of those in the poorer classes. Because of how he believed that there was a need to include people in parliament who would advocate the welfare of such people, Hare came up with a pamphlet about representation which soon resulted to the publication of a book about the electoral system. This chapter tells of the background of this said Treatise and how John Stuart Mill had been able also to present his thoughts regarding the cumulative and limited vote.
The Inertial Reticle Technology (IRT) Applied to a Remington 700 Sniper Rifle.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Motion of the muzzle of a shoulder-fired weapon occurs during firing because of many factors, such as breathing, trigger pull, and flinching, and can also be introduced as a result of offhand shooting in less than stable shooting positions. This motion can have adverse effects on the capability of the weapon to hit a target because the shooter is unable to accurately position the muzzle of the weapon onto the target as the projectile exits the barrel. Electronic fire control offers the opportunity to extend the range and accuracy that can be achieved by a sniper or a long-range shooter with the implementation of a dynamic ballistic solution and a precise firing time selection. The Inertial Reticle Technology (IRT) has been developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) as a novel solution to fire control for such applications. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of a shoulder-fired weapon, ARL applied the IRT to a rifle. This report presents the complete details of how the IRT was applied to a Remington 700 sniper rifle, along with analysis of long-range live-fire test data fired by a test engineer and an Army sniper.
Study on operation situation and issues of District Plans for Urbanization Control Areas from the aspect of urban planning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

この研究の目的は市街化調整区域の地区計画（以下、「調地区」と言う。）制度における市街化区域と市街化調整区域の区域区分制度（以下、「線引き制度」と言う。）をはじめとする都市計画上の課題を明らかにすることを目的としている。本研究は、調地区にかかる三大都市圏（首都圏・中京圏・近畿圏）の動向、府県のガイドライン、市町村に対する実態調査と特徴的な事例（兵庫県姫路市・愛知県豊田市・茨城県つくば市）の分析により構成される。その結果、1）自治体のガイドラインによる適切な調地区の活用、2)線引き制度との整合、3)都市計画と農林業との調整の重要性が明らかになった。
A Survey of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI on Sleep

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI integrates the complementary advantages of high-temporal-resolution EEG and high-spatial-resolution fMRI. As the traditional electrophysiological method was employed to sleep staging and event potential recording, simultaneous EEG-fMRI provides a non-invasive multimodal measurement of sleep and may clarify the cognition process in different consciousness condition. This review provides the recent development in spontaneous activity and sensory processing during sleep. We discussed some specific topics in sleep investigation, such as hardware, subjective and data process problems. The application of simultaneous EEG-fMRI has profound significance for elucidating the neural mechanism of conscious state conversion, and will provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of the sleep disorders.