jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of N-(2-triphenylstannylethyl)amines and their reactivities

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of N-(2-triphenylstannylethyl)amines and their reactivitiesYoshiro Sato, Yasuchika Ban, and Hideaki ShiraiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 26, 4373–4378Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00965a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00965a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and proximate determination of protein using defatted sesame seed oil cake

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sesame seed was used to extract oil and the cake, which has high amount of protein, was wasted after the extraction. Hence, the present study was done to isolate protein from defatted sesame seed oil cake and the nutrition content was determined. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was used to isolate the protein; among the three BSS (British Standard Sieve) of the sesame seed flour cake, 52 BSS shows high protein content of 45.9% while 72 and 32 BSS contains 30.3 and 33.4% of protein, respectively. Low fat content of 4.4% was observed in 52 BSS which showed higher fiber content of 3.8%. The moisture content of 52 BSS was found to be 6.8% and others of 7.0 and 7.2%, respectively.

Key words: Protein isolation, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS PAGE), British standard sieve.
Improving Program Implementation: Hunter Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify major areas of concentration that have an impact on state hunter education programs. The study specifically attempts to identify and analyze areas that prevent hunter education programs from being implemented to their fullest. The major reasons for this research include: to improve the awareness, knowledge, and skills of hunters, to help ensure that hunter education programs are utilized to their maximum, and to identify specific program strategies to help overcome major barriers to the successful implementation of state hunter education programs. Based on data collected, areas of significant concern that have profound effects on program implementation were identified and analyzed. The major concerns and constraints identified by the study were in the areas of program instruction, course content, program communication, program funding, and program evaluation. Each of the identified program constraints was analyzed with recommendations put forth which could lessen its impact on program implementation.
Tendon transfer or tendon graft for ruptured finger extensor tendons in rheumatoid hands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated the clinical outcome of tendon reconstruction using tendon graft or tendon transfer and the parameters related to clinical outcome in 51 wrists of 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with finger extensor tendon ruptures. At a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, the mean metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint extension lag was 8° (range, 0–45) and the mean visual analogue satisfaction scale was 74 (range, 10–100). Clinical outcome did not differ significantly between tendon grafting and tendon transfer. The MP joint extension lag correlated with the patient’s satisfaction score, but the pulp-to-palm distance did not correlate with patient satisfaction. We conclude that both tendon grafting and tendon transfer are reliable reconstruction methods for ruptured finger extensor tendons in rheumatoid hands.
Mediation: european experience, ukrainian realities and prospects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Тhe lack of consolidation and legislative regulation of mediation in the system of Ukrainian legislation is the reason for the narrowing of the spectrum of alternative ways of resolving disputes in comparison with the EU Member States. Taking into account the pro-European policy of Ukraine and relying on current legal realities, we aim to formulate the concept of introducing mediation into the legal system of Ukraine on the basis of research and use of European experience in this field as a basis. The article outlines the basic principles of mediation recognized by European countries and proposes the best ways to solve the problem of the lack of legislative consolidation of mediation as a subject of corporate law.
EFFECTS OF THE AUGUST 17, 1999-IZMIT EARTHQUAKE ON THE TURKISH STATE RAILWAYS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to describe the effect that the Izmit earthquake had on the Turkish railway system. On August 17, 1999, a 7.4 magnitude earthquake occurred near Izmit, Turkey. This was one of the largest earthquakes to occur on the North Anatolian fault in the 20th century. Approximately 165 line miles of the Turkish State Railways, with 181 bridges of various types and 29 tunnels were within 50 miles of the epicenter. Approximately 70 miles, with 76 bridges and 11 tunnels were within 10 miles of the fault rapture, which crossed the tracks. During the week of September 19, the effects of the earthquake were investigated. The investigation included observation of characteristics of facilities that were undamaged or only slightly damaged, and information on damage that had been repaired was developed. Investigation of the characteristics of facilities that performed well in the vicinity of a large earthquake, as well as those that were significantly damaged is of great importance to the railway engineering profession. The most sever damage to railroad facilities was the nearly total destruction of a passenger car shop at Adapazari. Track damage was all in an area close to the fault. It included offsets in the line where it was crossed the fault, buck track and pulled apart insulated joints in welded rail. There was damage to the catenary system at the fault rupture and to one substation serving the electrified line. There was no damage to railways bridges. Several tunnels had minor damage, and there was damage of varying degrees to railway buildings but no critical structural damage except to the Adapazari shop.
ON THE VALIDITY OF THE LEONTIEF PARADOX TEST

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Leontief's test of factor proportions was based on the assumption that, within each U. S. industry, the same factor proportions are used to produce exports, domestic goods, and import substitutes. However, if the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem is valid, then, within each industry, commodities exported by the U. S. would be charac terized by a higher capital-labour ratio than those produced to replace imports. Unless the industry classification used is such that it does not allow for both exports and import substitues to be grouped together, the validity of the Heck scher-Ohlin theorem precludes the possibility of factor proportions being homo geneous in the manner assumed by Leontief. In support of this argument it is claimed that Leontief's own data can be consistent with the traditional theorem. Using Israel input-output data it is shown also that the strength of the Paradox increases with the degree of aggregation.
Investigation of multilayer thin films using ellipsometry

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) is a powerful and universal optical technique for the investigation of optical properties of semiconductor thin films. It is an extremely sensitive measurement tool for the characterization of single layer thin film and even multilayer structures. \nThis project focuses on the study of optical properties of amorphous silicon rich nitride (a-SRN) in single bulk layer and in multilayer by SE fitting using software Wvase32. SE itself is not a direct readout type technique. It is actually a model-based technique. Thus, it is important to build correct and suitable model for a particular material in the SE fitting. In this project, several dispersion models are investigated to find the one which is best suitable for the fitting of a-SRN. Those dispersion models include Cauchy urbach model, Lorentz oscillator model, Forouhi & Bloomer’s model, Cauchy absorption model and Tauc-Lorentz model. Furthermore, the optical properties of a-SRN in single bulk layer with different SiH4/NH3 ratio have been studied by SE fitting using Tauc-Lorentz model. It is clearly shown that the bandgap of a-SRN will decrease and optical constants (n & k) will increase with increasing SiH4/NH3 ratio. \nFinally, the SE fitting of four a-SRN quantum well multilayer samples has been conducted. Two samples consist of 45 alternating layers of a-SRN well and SiO2 barrier. Another two consist of 40 alternating layers of a-SRN well and Si3N4 barrier. The optical properties of these samples have been studied in detail using SE and photoluminescence (PL). It is observed that the SE fitting for multilayer samples are much more challenging than single bulk layer due to their structure complexity. The multilayer samples after annealing have also been studied. A second peak emerges in the PL spectra of the annealed samples, which may be attributed to the formation of Si nanocrystals in the well layers.
On Two Stories in Apuleius

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The late B. E. Perry’s work on the stories of Aristomenes and Thelyphron in Apuleius’s Metamorphoses is a classic of its kind. Originally a by-product of his doctoral dissertation on Lucius of Patrae, it has stood the test of time as a critical analysis of Apuleius’s narrative style; Perry himself repeated his analysis with only minor changes of emphasis forty odd years later in The Ancient Romances , having energetically repelled a few attacks early in its career, and it holds the field still. His study on the two stories observes an effect which all readers sense in the text, perhaps without being aware of it as a distinct phenomenon, and traces this effect to certain causes which lie under the surface of the text. As he said: ‘I am trying to explain for myself and others the secret of that exceedingly strange and romantic effect which certain of (Apuleius’s) stories produce.’ He goes on to remark: ‘Only a part of this effect is produced by the subject matter as such’; that which is peculiar to Apuleius, ‘the unique element … which contributes most of a reader’s sense of mystification, even when he is not aware of it, is the absence of a natural and normally logical sequence of events …’
Evolution and Advancement of Adult Spinal Deformity Research and Clinical Care: An Overview of the Scoli-RISK-1 Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design: Narrative review. Objective: The prevalence of adult spinal deformity (ASD) has been cited anywhere between 2-32%, while the prevalence in the elderly population has been estimated at 68%. Neurologic complications following ASD surgery remains a concern. Previous literature reported incidence of neurologic complications varied between 1-10%, while non-neurologic complications reported were as high as 50%. To assess the incidence of neurologic deficits, complications, and outcomes following ASD surgery, an international group of spine deformity surgeons initiated a prospective, multicenter, international, observational study: Scoli-RISK-1. Methods: Two hundred seventy-two patients were enrolled from 15 centers with ASD having primary or revision surgery with a major Cobb≥80°, revision including an osteotomy, and/or a complex 3-column osteotomy. Patients had lower extremity muscle strength (LEMS) exams performed preoperatively and at specific time points through 2-year follow-up. Results: Preoperatively, 203 patients (74.9%) had no LEMS impairment (normal) and 68 (25.1%) had a LEMS of <50 (abnormal). Compared with baseline, 23.0% of all patients experienced a LEMS decline at discharge, with this rate decreasing to 17.1% at 6-weeks and to 9.9% at 6-months and remaining stable at 10.0% at 2-years. Conclusion: This study revealed that a decline in LEMS after complex ASD surgery is common and more frequent than previously reported. We identified such a decline in 23.0% of patients at discharge, with neurologic function recovering over time to a decline of 10.0% at 2-years postoperatively. The Scoli-RISK-1 study revealed valuable information regarding the incidence, natural history, and prognosis of neurologic and non-neurologic complications following ASD surgery and provides useful information for patient counseling.
Immobilization of Lead with Soluble Phosphate in Calcareous Soils with Different Fertilities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to investigate the effect of soil fertility on the immobilization of Pb in soil with soluble phosphate,a sterile soil(S) and a fertile F soil(F) were spiked with 500 mg·kg-1 soluble Pb and incubated for 30 days,then amended with Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O at n(P)∶n(Pb)=6∶1,incubated for 105 days.Analysis of the samples indicated that,for soils amended only with phosphate or both with phosphate and Pb,Olsen-P concentrations of F soil were significantly higher than those of S soil(P0.05).When the soil was only spiked with Pb,DTPA-Pb concentrations of S soil was significantly lower than that of F soil(P0.05),however,after the Pb-spiked soil being amended with phosphate,that of S soil was significantly higher than that of F soil(P0.05).When the soil was only spiked with Pb or phosphate,the SrCl2-Ca concentrations increased compared with the control,after the Pb-spiked soil amended with phosphate,the SrCl2-Ca concentrations of both soils were lower than those only spiked with Pb or phosphate.Lead and phosphate amendments resulted in lower soil pH,with those amended with both Pb and phosphate having the lowest values.Both Pb and phosphate amendments resulted in higher conductivity values for F soil;while for S soil,amendment with Pb only and with both Pb and phosphate resulted in higher conductivity,amendment with phosphate only resulted in lower conductivity compared with the control.The results suggest that,soluble Pb was better immobilized in soil with lower fertility when no phosphate is added,the immobilization of Pb with phosphate is more pronounced in soil with higher fertility,immobilization of Pb and Ca with phosphate helps reduce the availability of Ca and Pb,respectively.
Mass properties identification and automatic mass balancing system for satellite attitude dynamics simulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator is a low-cost, ground-based system made to simulate the conditions of a weightless satellite in space. The identification of the mass characteristics is crucial for Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator application and so the center of mass place is necessary for balancing the platform and moment of inertia which is a significant factor in designing controllers and selecting actuators. The purposes of this paper are the mass properties identification and design, experimentation, and validation of an automatic mass balancing system, which is assembled on the Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator at the Space Research Laboratory. This paper presents a process of mass properties estimation for the Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator using classical Levenberg–Marquardt as an optimization method. By employing this technique lack of repeatability and difficulties in implementation will be eliminated. In order to verify this technique, a MATLAB® SIMULINK® model of the Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator is established. The gap between the center of mass and center of rotation is decreased by means of the automatic mass balancing system in order to remove gravity disturbance. The results of this identification process are compared to the recursive least square algorithm, which is commonly employed in identification of mass properties. The analytical and experimental results prove that the proposed characteristic estimation process using classical Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is more effective and appropriate. Proper excitation of the platform will guarantee the accuracy of estimation and compensation of the center of gravity offset utilizing the balancing system.
Detection of Cyber Attacks in Network Using ML

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cybercrime is on the rise everywhere and takes advantage of different flaws in the computing environment. Paying ethical hackers boosted their focus on finding flaws and suggesting solutions. Due to machine learning's success in solving problems related to cyber security, it has recently become a topic of significant relevance. Major concerns in cyber security, such as intrusion detection, malware categorization, and detection, have been addressed using machine learning approaches. Although though it cannot fully automate a cyber security system, machine learning may be able to identify cyber security threats more effectively than other software-oriented approaches, which lessens the stress on security analysts. In this research, we suggest using a machine learning model to identify the network attack. To obtain reliable predictions, some machine learning approaches, such as Random Forest, SVM, Gradient Boosting have been applied. The dataset CSE-CIC-IDS2018 was used to train the model. As a result, efficient adaptive techniques, including different machine learning algorithms, can increase detection rates. The basic objective is to ascertain whether the network is being attacked. Random Forest gave highest accuracy of 99.99%.
Brain activity during traditional textbook and audiovisual‐3D learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Audiovisual educational tools have increasingly been used during the past years to complement and compete with traditional textbooks. However, little is known as to how the brain processes didactic information presented in different formats. We directly assessed brain activity during learning using both traditional textbook and audiovisual‐3D material. Methods A homogeneous sample of 30 young adults with active study habits was assessed. Educational material on the subject of Cardiology was adapted to be presented during the acquisition of functional MRI. Results When tested after image acquisition, participants obtained similar examination scores for both formats. Evoked brain activity was robust during both traditional textbook and audiovisual‐3D lessons, but a greater number of brain systems were implicated in the processing of audiovisual‐3D information, consistent with its multisource sensory nature. However, learning was not associated with group mean brain activations, but was instead predicted by distinct functional MRI signal changes in the frontal lobes and showed distinct cognitive correlates. In the audiovisual‐3D version, examination scores were positively correlated with late‐evoked prefrontal cortex activity and working memory, and negatively correlated with language‐related frontal areas and verbal memory. As for the traditional textbook version, the fewer results obtained suggested the opposite pattern, with examination scores negatively correlating with prefrontal cortex activity evoked during the lesson. Conclusions Overall, the results indicate that a similar level of knowledge may be achieved via different cognitive strategies. In our experiment, audiovisual learning appeared to benefit from prefrontal executive resources (as opposed to memorizing verbal information) more than traditional textbook learning.
Filter materials for dose reduction in screen-film radiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A computer program was developed to calculate both integral absorbed dose in a water phantom and entrance exposure, for the imaging of iodine contrast with x-ray intensifying screens. The effect of filtration of the x-ray beam on integral absorbed dose and entrance exposure was studied for 27 different filter materials and four types of intensifying screens. The dose and exposure were calculated, keeping the image contrast and energy absorption in the screens constant. To check the validity of the calculations, a number of measurements were performed, the results of which agreed well with our calculations. A remarkable result is that dose and exposure reduction can be achieved almost equally well with conventional filters (aluminum and copper) as with a number of K-edge filters. This was found for situations commonly encountered in diagnostic radiology (60-80 kV, 20 cm water). This finding is in contrast to a number of earlier studies, in which K-edge filters were found to be superior to conventional filters.
Prediction of the cutting forces generated in the drilling of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic composites using a twist drill

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cutting force is regarded as the main factor that influences the quality of the hole created in the drilling of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic composites. This paper proposes a model for the prediction of the thrust force and torque generated in the drilling of composite materials using a twist drill. In the model, contact theory is applied to the chisel edge cutting zone and oblique cutting is considered in the cutting lips cutting zone that is considered to have three distinct deformation regions. The model takes into account the spindle speed, feed rate, drill diameter, point angle, nose radius, rake angle of the chisel edge, web thickness, and fibre orientation. The cutting forces predicted by this model are in satisfactory agreement with experimental results and thus it is concluded that the proposed model can be used to optimize the cutting parameters and tool geometries in the drilling of composites.