jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Life Is a Dream

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A product of the golden age of Spanish drama, Life Is a Dream (La vida es sueño) is the masterpiece of Pedro Calderón de la Barca (16001681), a contemporary of Lope de Vega and one of Spain\'s greatest literary figures.Acclaimed for his superb dramatic instincts and philosophical seriousness as well as his extraordinary imagination, Calderón exercised his best qualities in this allegorical play, an exploration of the mysteries of human destiny, the illusory nature of earthly existence, and the struggle between predestination and free will. The story revolves around the moral dilemmas of a Polish prince, unjustly imprisoned by his suspicious father. Against a background of revolution, Calderón builds a dramatic edifice of outstanding theatricality, rich in symbolism and metaphor, expressed in magnificent poetry.
Notch1 Is Regulated by Chorionic Gonadotropin and Progesterone in Endometrial Stromal Cells and Modulates Decidualization in Primates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

No other tissue in the body undergoes such a vast and extensive growth and remodeling in a relatively short period of time as the primate endometrium. Endometrial integrity is coordinated by ovarian hormones, namely, estrogens, progesterone, and the embryonic hormone chorionic gonadotropin (CG). These regulated events modulate the menstrual cycle and decidualization. The Notch family of transmembrane receptors regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, cellular processes required to maintain endometrial integrity. In two primate models, the human and the simulated pregnant baboon model, we demonstrated that Notch1 is increased during the window of uterine receptivity, concomitant with CG. Furthermore, CG combined with estrogens and progesterone up-regulate the level of Notch1, whereas progesterone increases the intracellular transcriptionally competent Notch1, which binds in a complex with progesterone receptor. Inhibition of Notch1 prevented decidualization, and alternatively, when decidualization is biochemically recapitulated in vitro, Notch1 is down-regulated. A focused microarray demonstrated that the Notch inhibitor, Numb, dramatically increased when Notch1 decreased during decidualization. We propose that in the endometrium, Notch has a dual role during the window of uterine receptivity. Initially, Notch1 mediates a survival signal in the uterine endometrium in response to CG from the implanting blastocyst and progesterone, so that menstrual sloughing is averted. Subsequently, Notch1 down-regulation may be critical for the transition of stromal fibroblast to decidual cells, which is essential for the establishment of a successful pregnancy.
Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gut microbiota play a vital role not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also in homeostatic maintenance of host immunity, metabolism and the gut barrier. Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Objective and Method: In this review, we discuss the association between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the contribution of relevant modulating interventions, focusing on recent human studies. Results: Several studies have identified potential causal associations between gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of modulating interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other new treatment possibilities on these metabolic disorders have also been reported. Conclusion: A growing body of evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in the development of dysbiosis, which in turn influences host metabolism and disease phenotypes. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived mediators induce metabolic disorders and modulating interventions exert their beneficial effects in humans. The gut microbiota represents a novel potential therapeutic target for a range of metabolic disorders.
Importance of Biosafety Issues, Biosafety Levels and Biosafety Equipment

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The use of biosafety practices and principles is to reduce the health-related risks associated with handling infectious agents, toxins and other biological hazards is important in a laboratory setting. Laboratory biosafety practices are based on the principle of containment of biological agents to prevent exposure to laboratory workers and the outside environment. Primary containment protects the laboratory workers and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure to biological agents. The application of biosafety precautions is of utmost importance to maintaining the safety of the laboratory test floor as well as protecting the employees. Biosafety levels is a set of biocontainment precautions designed to protect laboratory personnel as well as the surrounding environment and the community. Certain biosafety levels have been proposed for the laboratories depending upon the pathogenicity of the microbes being worked upon.
Good pharmacy practice: implementation of pharmaceutist/pharmacist protocols in the postgraduate education of pharmacy specialists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article deals with the current state of implementation of the protocols of provisor/pharmacists in practical activities of of pharmacy specialists as an important component of good pharmacy practice in Ukraine. The authors summarize the experience of short cycles of thematic improvement in the form of workshops and seminars as a promising form of continuing professional education, most adapted to modern conditions of existence of the pharmaceutical sector, the health care industry. The successful combination of initiatives of governmental regulatory bodies, in particular the Ministry of Health, with the latest educational technologies, leading specialists practitioners, teachers can become real method to improving the quality of pharmaceutical care.
Evaluation of the tip of standardized D0 gutta percha cones of four Rotary systems, by means of an endodontic ruler

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the D0 diameter of standardized gutta-percha cones for four mechanized systems: ProTaper Universal®, Mtwo®, Wave One® and Reciproc®. Methods: An endodontic calibrator ruler was used to measure the D0 diameter of 60 main cones of the above systems. Measurements were made according 3 scores as follows: gutta-percha cone fits exactly into the same hole as the endodontic ruler gauge (score 1), cone falls short of the ruler gauge whole size (score 2); or exceeding the ruler gauge hole size (score 3). The diameters D0 obtained were compared with the values reported by manufacturers. All data were analyzed by means of T Test, at 1% level of significance. Results: The average value measured was significantly higher than the measures established by manufacturers (p <0.001). Conclusion : The gutta-percha cones of ProTaper Universal® systems Mtwo®, Wave One® and Reciproc® were not standardized, except for R40 cone of the Reciproc® system (Reciproc®). The trend was for variation in the D0 Diameter towards increasing measurement values.
Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The success of monocular depth estimation relies on large and diverse training sets. Due to the challenges associated with acquiring dense ground-truth depth across different environments at scale, a number of datasets with distinct characteristics and biases have emerged. We develop tools that enable mixing multiple datasets during training, even if their annotations are incompatible. In particular, we propose a robust training objective that is invariant to changes in depth range and scale, advocate the use of principled multi-objective learning to combine data from different sources, and highlight the importance of pretraining encoders on auxiliary tasks. Armed with these tools, we experiment with five diverse training datasets, including a new, massive data source: 3D films. To demonstrate the generalization power of our approach we use zero-shot cross-dataset transfer}, i.e. we evaluate on datasets that were not seen during training. The experiments confirm that mixing data from complementary sources greatly improves monocular depth estimation. Our approach clearly outperforms competing methods across diverse datasets, setting a new state of the art for monocular depth estimation. Some results are shown in the supplementary video at https://youtu.be/D46FzVyL9I8
Use of El Niño–Southern Oscillation related seasonal precipitation predictability in developing regions for potential societal benefit

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Some of the biggest emerging market economies include countries in South America, Asia and Africa. Broad‐scale political and developmental similarities (e.g., societally impactful developmental challenges related to climate variability) offer opportunities for comparative research resulting in potentially improved understanding of the complexities of various climate adaptation interventions including disaster risk reduction. Countries or geographical regions of the world significantly affected by climate extremes may consider collaboration on issues such as understanding and modelling of the climate system, especially when there is a common, dominant and somewhat plausible climate mode such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affecting the regions' climate variability. Better ENSO and subsequent climate predictions alone, however, are not enough to reduce the risks associated with such events. The socio‐economic and political context in which climate finds expression and in which climate forecasts have potential value also need to be understood. Here we present seasonal precipitation forecast skill over 20 geographical regions including emerging or developing regions, but also a few developed regions, in order to rank their ENSO‐related seasonal rainfall predictability in an attempt to cluster regions of similar ENSO climate predictability. We then also provide some of the broad contours to investigate the level of human “development” within these clusters in order to begin to understand some of the socio‐economic factors that configure vulnerabilities. Such profiles begin to show some areas of macro‐level vulnerability that may then provide further possible inter‐area collaborations, albeit at very gross level scales.
Enhanced efficiency in shear-loaded Brownian gyrators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Brownian gyrator is a system in which a particle experiences thermal noise from two distinct heat baths. This nonequilibrium setup inherently generates a nonzero torque, leading to gyrating motion around a potential energy minimum. As a minimal model for a heat engine, the Brownian gyrator provides valuable insight into energy conversion and nonequilibrium dynamics. Here, we investigate the effect of an externally imposed shear flow on a Brownian gyrator, treating it as a mechanical load. The shear flow introduces a tunable mechanism that allows the system to operate either as a heat engine, extracting work from the temperature gradient, or as a refrigerator, transferring heat from the colder to the hotter bath. Focusing on the heat engine regime, we analytically derive the steady-state probability distribution to compute the average torque exerted by the gyrator and quantify the mechanical power extracted from the shear. Our results show a remarkable increase in efficiency compared to the standard Brownian gyrator without shear, approaching Carnot efficiency at maximum power. Surprisingly, we also find that while the system can operate efficiently as a heat engine, it may become unstable before reaching the stall condition, highlighting a fundamental trade-off between efficiency and stability in shear-driven microscopic engines.
STABILITY OF QUADRATIC MAPPINGS IN A NONARCHIMEDEAN 2-BANACH SPACES AND RELATED TOPICS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the following quadratic functional equation : 𝒇 (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛) + 𝒇 (𝒙) + 𝒇 (𝒚) + (𝒛) = (𝒙 + 𝒚) + 𝒇 (𝒚 + 𝒛) + 𝒇 (𝒙 + 𝒛) in a non-Archimedean 2-Banach space, and we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of functional quadratic functional equation in a non-Archimedean 2-Banach space.
Prinsip-Prinsip Muamalah dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Muamalah in Islam deals with financial issues with the principles of justice, efficiency, transparency, anti-riba, anti-gharar (uncertainty) and social responsibility. This study was conducted with the aim of examining the principles of muamalah from an Islamic economic perspective and how these principles can be applied to the modern economy. The introduction of this study highlights the importance of Muamalah maintaining ethics and morals in economic transactions, especially in the face of increasingly complex global economic developments that are often not based on justice. This study uses qualitative methods and a descriptive-analytical approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews with Islamic economic experts and Islamic banking practitioners, and secondary data were obtained from related literature such as books, journals, and Islamic economic articles. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the application of muamalah principles in various economic sectors. The results of the study indicate that the principles of muamalah have been widely used in Islamic banking, Islamic investment and Islamic e-commerce with a focus on justice, efficiency and transparency. However, there are challenges in implementing these principles, especially related to the prohibition of gharar and riba in the speculative global financial system. This study concludes that the principle of muamalah can be the foundation for a better and more sustainable economic system, if supported by proper education and regulation.
[Oral leukoplakia: clinical or histologic entity?].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The term leukoplakia was coined by the Hungarian Schwimmer to describe the clinical aspect of white lesions appearing on the mucosae. Unfortunately, the use of leukoplakia for diagnostic purposes in oral pathology has led to so much confusion that diagnosis of leukoplakia has been established, using strict histological criteria, for lesions that did not appear as white patches. Moreover, it is known that what has previously been termed leukoplakia is now shown to consist of several distinct entities. The current clinical concept was established by W.H.O. Leukoplakia: a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. Analysis of histological criteria and classification appearing in the literature and review of the cell and tissue abnormalities reveal that many conditions from hyperkeratosis to epidermoid carcinoma can occur within clinical leukoplakia. Orthokeratosis or hyperorthokeratosis is often found in leukoplakia simplex and leukoplakia verrucosa while parakeratosis or hyperparakeratosis is mainly observed in cases of erosive or speckled leukoplakia. Speckled leukoplakia (nodular white excrescences on an erythematous base) is the clinical type involving the more frequently severe dysplasia and carcinoma. This study demonstrate that the term leukoplakia only describes clinical conditions and does not carry any histological connotation
[Signal function of the reactive oxygen species in regulatory networks of the cell reaction to damaging effects: contribution of radiosensitivity and genome instability].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a few possible effects, such as metabolic (participation in regulation of protein functions), damaging (oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) and signal; the latter is reviewed in the article. Superoxide anion-radical (O2-.), hydroperoxide (HO2) and nitroxide (NO) are capable to act as signal substances in the cell regulatory network, which determines a mode of cell response to disturbance: proliferation pace, a course of differentiation or a start of the apoptosis program. A role of ROS in the reaction network is reviewed: importance of their content in a cell; ROS-bound signal pathways, which trigger the programs of cell reactions to stimuli; initiations of the regulatory network, which determine a content of ROS in a cell; ROS reactions with network components, which influence its functioning. A significance of the ROS-bound segment of the network, which realizes regulatory signals of the damage, in formation of radiobiological effect is estimated. The data obtained by the authors are submitted; the prospects of studing substances (such as phenozan etc.), which can actively influence redox processes, as means of modification of radiation-induced genome instability and prevention of oncogenic transformation are considered.
Factors affecting junior high school students’ bike to school in Surakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Cycling to school is a Surakarta City government program to reduce the use of motorbikes by students. The development of facilities for cyclists by the City of Surakarta is still limited to certain areas. On the other hand, the traffic conditions when going to school and coming home from school are problems and considerations for students to cycle to school. This paper will examine the factors that influence junior high school students to cycle to school in Surakarta using the ANP (Analytic Network Process) method. There are four main factors and 16 sub-factors of each of the main factors used in this paper. The main factors are behaviour, physical condition, social conditions, and environmental conditions. The results of the study that the environmental conditions are the greatest factor students cycling to school. When reviewed as a whole, these factors are calculated simultaneously, and found the five most influential factors. The five factors are bike ownership, health, parent’s salary, gender and no cycling friends.
The mammographic breast pattern and oral contraception

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship of oral contraceptive usage to breast parenchymal patterns has been studied in 5319 self-selected women presenting to a breast screening unit. Among premenopausal women, 46.1% had taken an oral contraceptive ("the pill") in the past, and 9.5% were still taking the pill. These patients showed a decreased incidence of P2 patterns and an increased incidence of N1 patterns. Of the post-menopausal women, 14.7% had been on the pill. Similar differences of incidence of parenchymal patterns are noted in these women. The significance of these changes is unclear.
The social organization of war: Ukrainian and Russian societies mobilized for war

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to analyze how Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has changed Ukrainian and Russian societies. It looks at the social organization of war, at how Ukraine and Russia adapt and change under wartime conditions. Combining political science and sociological approaches, we interpret the war under organizational and communicative aspects in the context of opposite political regimes: dictatorial autocracy in Russia versus democracy in Ukraine. Opposite regimes imply opposite meanings and objectives of war, of warfare and the military. Big differences exist regarding organizing and mobilizing resources and support for the war — with considerable advantages for a dictatorship such as Russia controlling its societal space by the means of repression and propaganda. Societies at war need to be distinguished from an organized and highly militarized war society such as Russia which has imposed on its neighbor military, organizational and ideological constraints to which Ukraine must respond with its own militarization and organization of war and warfare. The social organization of war is understood as a complex multi-layered interplay of various institutional actors and spheres (the state, the military, NGOs, business, media, public and private spheres, etc.). Military mobilization in both societies also has different organizational and communicative effects as well as various, often contrasting, political, cultural and societal implications.
Optimal Spectral Acceleration-based Intensity Measure for Seismic Collapse Assessment of P-Delta Vulnerable Frame Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes an "optimal" spectral acceleration-based intensity measure (IM) to assess the collapse capacity of highly inelastic frame structures vulnerable to the P-delta effect. The IM is derived from the geometric mean of the spectral pseudo-acceleration over a certain period interval. The lower bound period of the averaging interval is related to the mode in which 95% of the effective modal mass is exceeded. The upper bound period is 1.6 times the fundamental period. This IM provides minimum, or close to the minimum, dispersion for frames with different fundamental periods of vibration, or number of stories.
Supplementary Figures S1-9 from An inflammatory checkpoint generated by IL1RN splicing offers therapeutic opportunity for KRAS mutant intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S1. Determination of AS index in iCCA. Supplementary Figure S2. Validation of distinct immune features in iCCA. Supplementary Figure S3. Detection of KRAS mutation associated indicators. Supplementary Figure S4. Exploration of the molecular mechanisms of IL1RN201/203 in iCCA. Supplementary Figure S5. Comparison between KRAS mutant (YAK) or KRASWT (YA) iCCA mice and functional validation of IL1RN-201/203. Supplementary Figure S6. Definition, validation and functional exploration of neutrophil clusters. Supplementary Figure S7. Effects of T cells, especially GZMB+ CD8+ T cells, on IL1RN-201/203 efficacy. Supplementary Figure S8. The roles of anti-PD1 Ab in KRASWT iCCA mice and anti-PD1 Ab plus anakinra in KRAS mutant iCCA mice. Supplementary Figure S9. Immunologic features of cancer patients with or without KRAS mutation.</p>
A comprehensive video text localization system based on stroke filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Texts in images and videos are a significant source of high-level semantics for indexing and retrieval. But the localization and extraction of text are always interfered by complex backgrounds with strong edge and texture clutter. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive text localization system which combines several popular methods. First, we extract the stroke features of text using improved stroke filter. Then we employ global thresholding and projection profile to localize the candidate text regions on the stroke map. In the end, based on the stroke statistical features, we use SVM classifier to refine the text regions. The experimental results show that the system is robust to the text size and complex background.
An Integrated Way to Filter Spam

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,several popular algorithms for filtering spam are studied,and some problems involved when they are employed in Chinese email environment are analyzed. This paper proposes to improve,overlap,and join them together according to their advantage and disadvantage,and with the assistant study by checking the mails which are sent off,to set up an integrated way for filtering spam. The efficiency analysis and comparison is given at last.