jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bacterial toxin fatty-acylates lysine residues

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microbiology
A toxin produced by the bacterium that causes cholera has a catalytic activity that contributes to its effects on the cytoskeleton of host cells. Zhou et al. determined the protein structure of the Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)–inactivation domain of the toxin from Vibrio cholerae and found it to be similar to that of a human fatty acyltransferase. Indeed, the toxin peptide could catalyze fatty acylation of lysine residues of Rho-family GTPases, which regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Such covalent modification of lysine residues in mammalian proteins had been noted before, but the enzymes responsible were not known.

Science , this issue p. [528][1]

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam8659
Identifying Functional Lymph Nodes in Lower Extremity Lymphedema Patients: The Role of High-frequency Ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Lymph nodes may play a potential role in lymphedema surgery. Radiologic evaluation of nodes may reveal the status of pathologic conditions but with limited accuracy. This study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in detecting functioning nodes in lymphedema patients and presents a criterion for determining the functionality of the lymph nodes. Methods This retrospective study reviews 30 lower extremity lymphedema cases which were candidates for lymph node to vein anastomosis. Lymphoscintigraphy and magnetic resonant lymphangiography (MRL) imaging were compared with ultrasound features which were correlated to intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) nodal uptake as an indication of functionality. Results Majority were International Society of Lymphology stage 2 late (50.0%) and stage 3 (26.7%). ICG positive uptake (functioning nodes) was noted in 22 (73.3%), while 8 patients (26.6%) had negative uptake (nonfunctioning). Ultrasound had significantly the highest specificity (100%) for identifying functional nodes followed by lymphoscintigraphy (55%) and MRL (36%; p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). This was associated with 100% positive predictive value compared against lymphoscintigraphy (44%) and MRL (36%; p < 0.001 for both). The identified ultrasound imaging criteria for functioning lymph node were oval lymph node shape (Solbiati Index), morphology, vascularity pattern, and vascularity quantification. Conclusion The use of ultrasound in nodal evaluation was proven effective in different pathologic conditions and demonstrated the best prediction for functionality of the lymph node based on the new evaluation criteria.
FLAP: A Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Learning Algorithm via Pseudo-Labeling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Few-shot learning addresses the challenge of training models with limited samples, striving to achieve robust classification performance with only a few examples, particularly for novel objects. One challenging aspect of few-shot learning is the cross-domain learning scenario, characterized by significant differences in data distribution between the target and source domains. To bridge this gap and improve domain adaptation, we introduce unlabeled samples from new categories within the target domain during training. Our proposed semi-supervised few-shot classification algorithm, FLAP, employs clustering methods to predict labels for unlabeled samples, enabling it to adapt to new unlabeled categories. We have also integrated a distance-based loss to consider clustering characteristics during the training of feature encoders and classifiers. This approach, combined with the symmetric cross-entropy loss, ensures robustness against incorrect labels introduced during pseudo-labeling. Experimental studies validate the effectiveness of our method, demonstrating significant accuracy improvements across various cross-domain and domain-constrained few-shot learning tasks.
Random Forest-based predictive modelling on Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of the current study is to compare how our two tree-based machine learning algorithms can predict 30-day and 1-year mortality of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. The two algorithms were decision tree and random forest, and the source of dataset is Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry (n=47,391). As a result, we found that the ROC AUC values of Random Forest models for predicting 30-day mortality were 0.843 and 0.847 (training and validation set), while for the 1-year models these were 0.835 and 0.836, respectively. These numbers mean that, the Random Forest models were at least 5-6% better than the decision tree models, but in some cases the improvement is above 9%.
JNAH A STUDY OF THE DEFENSIVE BEHAVIORS OF FREE-RANGING

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The defensive behaviors of free-ranging Dekay's Brownsnakes, Storeria dekayi, were studied at a site in Erie County, Pennsylvania, USA. Twenty-nine unique sequences of defensive behavior were documented. A total of 50 individual snakes (26 males and 24 females) provided 88 observations during the initial phase, of which 78% (n = 69) were of snakes that remained in place. Snakes were tapped with the investigator's hand to elicit defensive behaviors during the contact phase. Snakes were more than twice as likely to attempt to fl ee during the contact phase (46%) than during the initial phase (22%). During the contact phase, mean surface body temperatures were signifi cantly higher in snakes attempting to fl ee (22.3 ± 1.3 °C) than those that remained in place (16.1 ± 2.2 °C). The most frequently observed response during the contact phase was dorso-ventral fl attening of the head and body (n = 42). During capture, most snakes (94%) smeared their cloacal contents on themselves and the investigator's hand.
Regional Disparities in Employment and Income in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Andhra Pradesh is one of the largest states of India with more than 60 percent of the population earning their livelihood in agriculture. The paper studies regional disparities in employment, unemployment and income in Andhra Pradesh. The empirical results are based on unit level data of rural households based on employment and unemployment surveys conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation. The analysis shows that the share of agricultural workers is less in the agriculturally developed Coastal region compared with the less developed Telangana region and drought prone Rayalaseema region. The work participation rate is low and unemployment and wage rates are high in Coastal compared with Telangana and Rayalaseema due to high reservation wage rate, high per capita income and capital intensive agricultural sector in Coastal region. With the development of agriculture, there has been a simultaneous increase in demand for non-agricultural goods and services resulting in increased share of non-agricultural workers in total work force in the Coastal region. The share of self-employed is higher in both Telangana and Rayalaseema regions. Weekly wage earnings are higher for males, higher educated, and upper caste workers.
Factors influencing performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by Foundation Year 1 hospital doctors.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

CPR performance can be influenced by factors such as gender and BMI, as such the individual rescuer should take these into account when determining which compression to ventilation ration to perform in order to maximise patient outcome. This study showed that males and those females with a BMI of >24 performed satisfactory CPR when using the recommended Resuscitation Council guidelines. Females with a BMI <24 performed CPR more effectively when using the 15:2 ratio. FY1 doctors should be fully assessed prior to performing CPR at in-hospital cardiac arrests. Remedial teaching should be given to those less than satisfactory until they are shown to be competent.
New York State's Bid For A 'Genomics Corridor'

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew York State's Bid For A 'Genomics Corridor'Funding is one of the major issues to be resolved, a coherent vision is anotherMARC S. REISCHView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 31, 23–25Publication Date (Print):July 31, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 31 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n031.p023https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n031.p023newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ridge counts of plantar dermatoglyphic interdigital areas and the relation of their trends to the anatomical axis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Brahman and Bhangi, two endogamous groups of Hindu society, have been studied for ridge counts of plantar interdigital areas. No significant sexual difference, excepting a–b ridge count for Brahmans, was observed. Similarly, nonsignificant bilateral variation is exhibited. No ethnic variation is observed as regards the mean total a–b, b–c and c–d counts. The distribution of ridge counts can be correlated with the anatomical axis of the palm and sole. The palm (Pateria, '67) shows the minimum value for b–c and the sole for a–b. Therefore the minimal counts coincide with anatomical axes, corresponding to the common localization of syndactyly.
Identification and Isolation of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Xinjiang

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) has been isolated and identified from the lung and lymph node of infected piglets in Xinjiang.The PRRSV strain could grow directly on Marc-145 line and induced cytopathogenic effect(CPE) after 72 h in serial subcultivation.It was reacted positively by the detection of specifically fluorescent antibody(FA) and ELISA antibody.A specific 400 bp long DNA fragment could be amplified by RT-PCR.According to the results of epidemiology,clinical symptom,pathology and the biological performance of the isolated virus strain,the isolated virus strain belonged to a variant of PRRSV and was the important pathogen of infected large-scale pig farms.It should be paid more attentions to by the veterinary sections and farmers.
Radiographic and Histopathologic Evidences of Movement versus Immobilization Effects on Enthesis Formation in Rabbits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Enthesis joins tendon, ligament, or joint capsule to the bone, which are two very different tissues. As a result, it is more prone to stress and increased risk of rupture. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the role of limb movement or immobilization in enthesis healing after surgical repair and found out if radiography could be a reliable method for determining its prognosis. Fourteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. After detaching the Achilles tendon from the bone surface, the tendon was re-attached to the bone with a modified Kessler suture pattern. The limb of group 1 rabbits was externally fixed with the fiberglass cast. In group 2, however, no cast was used. Radiographs were taken after surgery and in weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 post-operation. Samples were taken from the area after 8 weeks and stained by the hematoxylin-eosin method. The results were reported descriptively. Bone growth, increased chondrocytes in the cartilaginous region, and increased fibroblasts and fibrocytes were seen in group 1. While erosion, collagen fibers regularity, and tissue maturity were more predominant in group 2. Although early limb movement during the enthesis healing period helps to increase the regularity of collagen fibers in the tendinous zone of the enthesis, it does not increase the amount of callus in the bone and increases the risk of bone erosions and even fractures. While stabilizing the limb in the first two months of enthesis healing protects the bone against the forces and helps bone formation, which has a positive role in healing the enthesis.
Linum tommasinii (Rchb.) Nyman, D 6340

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Linum tommasinii (Rchb.) Nyman Accession number: D 6340 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1994 Origin country: ITA Biological status: Unknown MLS status: Unknown AEGIS status: Not included Historic: Yes
Is It Possible to Measure Monobromamine Using Colorimetric Methods Based on the Berthelot Reaction, Like for Monochloramine?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Analytical methods based on the Berthelot reaction were recently adapted for determining monochloramine (MCA: NH2Cl) in freshwater. The specificity of the Berthelot reaction with regard to MCA is related to the need for two exchangeable hydrogen atoms to form indophenol blue. MCA can thus be distinguished from organic N-chloramines, which have only one exchangeable hydrogen atom. Monobromamine (MBA: NH2Br) may be formed during chlorination of seawater containing ammonium ions. Quantifying MBA is quite challenging and no method has been reported for its specific determination in seawater. As MBA also has two exchangeable hydrogen atoms, its reactivity might be analogous to that of MCA, but this hypothesis has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of the so-called “indophenol method” for the determination of the MBA in freshwater and seawater samples. The reaction between MBA and Berthelot reagents was studied in both ultrapure water and artificial seawater. The reaction products were characterized by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT–ICR MS), and UV–vis spectroscopy. Results showed that colorimetric methods based on the Berthelot reaction were not suitable for measuring MBA in freshwater or seawater, since NH2Br reacts with alkaline phenol derivative via electrophilic substitution to form ortho- and para-brominated phenols instead of forming indophenol.
Graphene Field Effect Transistors: A Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The past decade has seen rapid growth in the research area of graphene and its application to novel electronics. With Moore's law beginning to plateau, the need for post-silicon technology in industry is becoming more apparent. Moreover, existing technology is insufficient for implementing terahertz detectors and receivers, which are required for a number of applications including medical imaging and security scanning. Graphene is considered to be a key potential candidate for replacing silicon in existing CMOS technology as well as realizing field effect transistors for terahertz detection, due to its remarkable electronic properties, with observed electronic mobilities reaching up to $2 \times 10^5$ cm$^2$ V$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ in suspended graphene samples. This report reviews the physics and electronic properties of graphene in the context of graphene transistor implementations. Common techniques used to synthesize graphene, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and epitaxial growth are reviewed and compared. One of the challenges associated with realizing graphene transistors is that graphene is semimetallic, with a zero bandgap, which is troublesome in the context of digital electronics applications. Thus, the report also reviews different ways of opening a bandgap in graphene by using bilayer graphene and graphene nanoribbons. The basic operation of a conventional field effect transistor is explained and key figures of merit used in the literature are extracted. Finally, a review of some examples of state-of-the-art graphene field effect transistors is presented, with particular focus on monolayer graphene, bilayer graphene, and graphene nanoribbons.
Scalable Association of Users in CF-mMIMO: A Synergy of Communication, Sensing, and JCAS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) is a key enabler for the sixth generation (6G) networks, offering unprecedented spectral efficiency and ubiquitous coverage. In CF-mMIMO systems, the association of user equipments (UEs) to access points (APs) is a critical challenge, as it directly impacts network scalability, interference management, and overall system performance. Conventional association methods primarily focus on optimizing communication performance. However, with the emergence of sensing and joint communication and sensing (JCAS) requirements, conventional approaches become insufficient. To address this challenge, we propose a scalable user association (SUA) scheme for CF-mMIMO networks, considering heterogeneous UE requirements. Designed to enhance the performance of both sensing and communication, the proposed SUA scheme aims to ensure network scalability. This is achieved by dynamically assigning APs to UEs based on their specific service requirements (communication, sensing, or JCAS), while considering link quality, interference mitigation, and network-related constraints. Specifically, the proposed SUA scheme employs AP masking, link prioritization, and an optimization-based association mechanism to select the most suitable APs for each UE. Simulations show that, compared to conventional CF-mMIMO methods, the proposed SUA scheme significantly reduces interference and computational runtime, while improving the symbol error rate for communication and the probability of detection for sensing.
On the Sensitivity Complexity of $k$-Uniform Hypergraph Properties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we investigate the sensitivity complexity of hypergraph properties. We present a $k$-uniform hypergraph property with sensitivity complexity $O(n^{\lceil k/3\rceil})$ for any $k\geq3$, where $n$ is the number of vertices. Moreover, we can do better when $k\equiv1$ (mod 3) by presenting a $k$-uniform hypergraph property with sensitivity $O(n^{\lceil k/3\rceil-1/2})$. This result disproves a conjecture of Babai~\cite{Babai}, which conjectures that the sensitivity complexity of $k$-uniform hypergraph properties is at least $Ω(n^{k/2})$. We also investigate the sensitivity complexity of other symmetric functions and show that for many classes of transitive Boolean functions the minimum achievable sensitivity complexity can be $O(N^{1/3})$, where $N$ is the number of variables. Finally, we give a lower bound for sensitivity of $k$-uniform hypergraph properties, which implies the {\em sensitivity conjecture} of $k$-uniform hypergraph properties for any constant $k$.
Effect of different tillage methods on growth parameters and economics of pulse crops grown in mechanically harvested lowland rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2022-23, at siddapur research farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Warangal, Telangana, India to study the "Effect of different tillage methods on growth parameters and economics of pulse crops grown in mechanically harvested lowland rice". The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice having three tillage practices (Zero tillage T1: Reduced tillage T2: Minimum tillage T3) in main plots and four rabi pulse crops (Chickpea S1; Greengram S2; Blackgram S3; Cowpea S4) in sub-plots with total twelve treatment combinations. Results of the experiment revealed that economics of pulse crops were influenced by tillage practices, significantly higher gross returns (Rs 184814 ha-1), net returns (Rs 106639 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.36) was obtained with reduced tillage (T2). Whereas, among sub-plot treatments significantly higher gross returns (Rs 192284 ha-1), net returns (Rs 116067 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.52) was generated by rice-greengram sequence.
Hyperconnectivity of the Right Posterior Temporo‐parietal Junction Predicts Social Difficulties in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The posterior right temporo‐parietal junction (pRTPJ) is a key brain region representing other's mental status. Despite reports of atypical activation at pRTPJ during mentalizing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the pRTPJ remains under‐investigated. We examined whether boys with ASD show altered resting‐state iFC of the pRTPJ, and whether atypical iFC of the pRTPJ is associated with social deficits in ASD in a sample of 40 boys with high‐functioning ASD (aged 9–17 years, mean age, 12.38 ± 2.17; mean IQ, 105.60 ± 16.06) and 42 typically developing (TD) boys (aged 9–17 years, mean age, 11.64 ± 2.71; mean IQ, 111.29 ± 13.45). Both groups received resting‐state fMRI assessment after imaging data quality control for in‐scanner head motion and spatial coverage. Seed‐based approach was used to investigate iFC of the pRTPJ. TD and ASD boys demonstrated a resting‐state pRTPJ iFC pattern comparable to the known spatial involvement of the default‐mode network. Boys with ASD showed pRTPJ hyperconnectivity relative to TD boys in the right ventral occipito‐temporal cortex. This atypically increased iFC in the ASD group was positively correlated with social deficits assessed by the Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised and the Social Responsive Scale. Our findings provide empirical support for functional “dysconnectivity,” that is, atypical functional integration among brain regions, as an integral component of the atypical neurobiology of ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 427–441 . © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oocytes suppress FOXL2 expression in cumulus cells in mice†

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) play distinct roles during follicular development, and normal development of these cell lineages is critical for the female fertility. Transcriptomic diversification between the two cell lineages is obviously a critical mechanism for their functional diversification; however, the transcriptional regulators responsible for this event have not been fully defined. In this study, we sought to identify key transcriptional regulators responsible for the differential gene expression between the two cell lineages. In silico analysis of transcriptomic comparison between cumulus cells and MGCs identified several candidate regulators responsible for the diversification of the two cell lineages. Among them, we herein focused on forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) and showed that expressions of FOXL2 as well as its target transcripts were differentially regulated between cumulus cells and MGCs. The lower expression of FOXL2 in cumulus cells seemed to be due to the suppression by oocyte-derived paracrine signals. These results suggest that FOXL2 is one of the critical transcription factors that determine cumulus cell and MGC lineages under the control of oocytes.