jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anti-sialogogue and Other Effects of Atropine Mucate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

_~~~~MDIA ORA severe cases to produce a cuff-like appearance (Fig. 1).In addition most cases when viewed laterally show the well- known web appearance (Figs. 2 and 3).For reasons of safety, gastroscopy is not undertaken, though the condition of the gastric mucosa is of great theoretical interest.Gastroscopists should beware of women in this age group, since they may have an undeclared stenosis of this kind.Follow-up should be directed to securing a permanently normal haemoglobin, and redilatation should the stenosis recur.In the worst cases a surgical or radium menopause may be necessary if oral iron cannot keep the blood normal.Frequent endoscopy to detect early cancerous change is impractical and of doubtful value.If the anaemia is gross it should be corrected before dilatation.However, no quantity of iron will correct the dysphagia.If in doubt whether to dilate or not it is useful to remember that inability to eat meat is an absolute indication for the procedure. Prognosis and CausationRedilatation may be needed as often as every year (Case 2).Repeated courses of iron will be necessary till the menopause occurs.Two of our 16 cases developed carcinoma (Cases 4 and 8).Simpson (1939) reported that 10 of his 18 cases developed carcinoma.The cause of mucosal atrophy in the upper gastro- intestinal tract, the relationship of this to hypochromic anaemia, and the relationship of both to the oesophageal stenosis are quite unknown.Whatever the condition of the gastro-intestinal tract, it seems clear that the dysphagia does not occur unless iron-deficiency anaemia has been present.Despite superficial resemblances there seems to be no relationship to ariboflavinosis.The exclusive inci- dence in women is sufficiently accounted for by their peculiar liability to menstrual blood-loss anaemia.The incidence of hypochromic anaemia in Northern Ireland is considerable, and is to be attributed to the inadequate nutrition common in middle-aged women in Northern Ireland and to uncorrected menorrhagia.The implications for prophylaxis of post-cricoid carcinoma by improved nutrition and effective treatment of menorrhagia are obvious. SummaryThe clinical diagnosis of Plummer-Vinson disease is described.The dysphagia is due to organic stenosis.Dilatation of the stricture is the essential treatment.Plummer-Vinson disease is a pre-cancerous condition.
An assessment of partnerships in flood emergency management, Red River Valley, Manitoba

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Floods are one of many natural and human-induced hazards that threaten Manitoba annually. Emergency management tasks are assumed by a variety of organizations to protect people and resources from catastrophic loss and death by undertaking preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation actions and activities. As the climate changes at an unprecedented pace, flooding and other hazards become more uncertain. In an effort to address these uncertain flood (and other) hazards facing Manitoba, a number of partnerships have formed among government, private, non-government, and community-based organizations to better address hazard and disaster issues in the province. Combining two research methods, namely, a modified Delphi technique and a multiple case study of five specific partnerships, this thesis assesses the use of institutional partnerships in a flood emergency management context in the Red River Valley, Manitoba. The objectives of this study aimed to identify and examine the types of institutional partnerships that exist, to assess partnerships using characteristics of success as performance indicators, to determine the role of interpersonal relationships and networking in successful partnerships and to provide recommendations for partnerships in emergency management. The analysis provided detailed assessments of five partnerships. The characteristics of successful partnerships indicated that four of the five partnerships assessed will likely be successful in the event of a future disaster. Partnerships with strong interpersonal relationships and networking among partners and related organizations are critical to the development and maintenance of successful partnerships. Overall, it is recommended that partnerships in emergency management continue to be cultivated and to expand partner members and linkages beyond the scope of emergency management institutions.
What Determines Egypt’s Demand for Foreign Reserves?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objective: The main objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the demand for foreign reserves in Egypt. Methods: The buffer stock model, quarter-century data spanning over the past 20 years, and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression are all employed to estimate Egypt's demand function for foreign reserves, assess its stability, and predict how swiftly it may change if the underlying Cointegrated connection is disturbed. Results: The results reveal that exports and imports have elasticities of demand for foreign reserves of 1.16 and -3.69, respectively. Moreover, Egypt's foreign reserve assets have notably increased due to foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment growth. Lastly, the demand function for foreign reserves is steady, and in the event of a shock, it returns to its steady state in less than two years. Conclusion: To improve Egypt's foreign reserve holdings, policymakers should concentrate on measures encouraging exports and attracting foreign investment.
Mana Taonga Kakahu; Exploring Approaches to Reconnecting Taonga Kakahu to Tangatawhenua

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p><b>The current mission of museums in Aotearoa New Zealand is to reconnect taonga (treasured artefacts) to their tribal descendants, but in most cases, there is no provenance, and many Māori remain alienated from their cultural heritage. Taonga kākahu (treasured textiles) from the pre-European and contact period retain mātauranga Māori (ancestral knowledge), materialise links to Te Ao Māori (the Māori world), whakapapa (genealogy) and reflect a sustainable relationship with Te Taiao (nature). They are the product of intricate weaving skills in the procurement, preparation, and construction of natural materials, including the dying of harakeke fibre (NZ flax) with paru (iron rich mud). The main research question therefore is: How and why should taonga kākahu in museum collections be reconnected with tangata whenua?</b></p> <p>This thesis used a range of interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative methods, including field work, scientific applications such as colour measurements, technical analysis of cloaks and practical weaving samples. Iron rich mud samples were gathered from different geographical locations spread around the North Island and one in the South Island and processed with several tannins that were each scientifically measured for their hue of black. Experimental archaeology produced new insights and interpretations of three case study taonga kākahu. The research aims to revitalize customary techniques and knowledge of dying and weaving, support conservation and display of Māori textiles, and enhance the mana and understanding of these precious taonga.</p> <p>The data gathered through this research supports the preservation of the fragile dyed black fibre, contributes to the decolonisation of conservation, advocates for greater community access to collections, and argues for enhanced museum display of cloaks through new interpretation of designs. The research has identified material composition and some unique characteristics in the construction of taonga kākahu which explores ways of reconnecting unprovenanced taonga to tangata whenua.</p> <p> </p>
Meaning at the Planck scale? Contextualized word embeddings for doing history, philosophy, and sociology of science

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the potential of contextualized word embeddings (CWEs) as a new tool in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science (HPSS) for studying contextual and evolving meanings of scientific concepts. Using the term "Planck" as a test case, I evaluate five BERT-based models with varying degrees of domain-specific pretraining, including my custom model Astro-HEP-BERT, trained on the Astro-HEP Corpus, a dataset containing 21.84 million paragraphs from 600,000 articles in astrophysics and high-energy physics. For this analysis, I compiled two labeled datasets: (1) the Astro-HEP-Planck Corpus, consisting of 2,900 labeled occurrences of "Planck" sampled from 1,500 paragraphs in the Astro-HEP Corpus, and (2) a physics-related Wikipedia dataset comprising 1,186 labeled occurrences of "Planck" across 885 paragraphs. Results demonstrate that the domain-adapted models outperform the general-purpose ones in disambiguating the target term, predicting its known meanings, and generating high-quality sense clusters, as measured by a novel purity indicator I developed. Additionally, this approach reveals semantic shifts in the target term over three decades in the unlabeled Astro-HEP Corpus, highlighting the emergence of the Planck space mission as a dominant sense. The study underscores the importance of domain-specific pretraining for analyzing scientific language and demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of adapting pretrained models for HPSS research. By offering a scalable and transferable method for modeling the meanings of scientific concepts, CWEs open up new avenues for investigating the socio-historical dynamics of scientific discourses.
A Case of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Presenting with Cholestatic Hepatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ì ìë¤ì 47ì¸ ë¨ììê²ì ë´ì¦ì ì²´ê°ì¼ì ëë°í í¤ë ¸í-ì¤ë¼ì¸ìë°ë³ 1ìë¥¼ ê²½ííìë¤. HAV, HBV, HCVì ê´ë ¨ë HSPê° ê°ê¸°ë¥ ì´ìì ëë°íë ê²½ì°ê° ë³´ê³ ë ë° ìì¼ë ì´ë¬í ê¸°ì  ê°ì§í ìì´ HSPê° ê°ê¸°ë¥ ì´ìì ëë°íë ê²½ì°ë ë§¤ì° ëë¬¼ë¤. HSP íììê²ì ê°ê¸°ë¥ ì´ì ìê²¬ ì ë³¸ ì¦ë¡ì ê°ì´ ë¤ë¥¸ ê°ë´ëê³ ì§íì´ ìììë í¹ë°ì±ì¼ë¡ ë´ì¦ì ì²´ê°ì¼ì´ ëíë ì ììì ì¼ëì ëì´ì¼ í ê²ì´ë¤. ì¤ì¬ ë¨ì´: ë´ì¦ì ì²´; ê°ì¼; í¤ë ¸í-ì¤ë¼ì¸ììë°
Operation-related Musculoskeletal Injuries among United States Surgeons: A Gender-stratified National Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Operation-related musculoskeletal injury (ORMI) among surgeons is a well-described phenomenon. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported ORMI among surgeons of various subspecialties and preliminarily investigate the role of gender. Methods: An anonymous survey, querying information pertinent to ORMIs, was distributed online through the American College of Surgeons community membership forum. Nonparametric univariate analysis and a multivariate regression model were conducted. A P value of 0.05 determined significance. Results: A total of 624 male and female surgeons responded to the survey, with 50.8% reporting having an injury related to operating. Among the entire cohort, the prevalence of ORMI was significantly higher among female surgeons than male surgeons ( P = 0.01), although there was no significant difference among the genders in ORMI prevalence when stratifying by age group (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Female surgeons are more likely to report an ORMI, although the impact of confounding variables such as age, operative case volume, and surgical subspecialty remain to be fully elucidated.
Structural elucidation and α‑glucosidase inhibitory activity of a new xanthone glycoside from Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries es Nym

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new xanthone glycoside, 1,8-dihydroxyl-2,5-dimethoxy-xanthone-6-O-β-D-glucoside (1), along with two known xanthone glycosides and two flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries es Nym. The structure of 1 was elucidated by analysis of its spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1 D and 2 D NMR techniques. In vitro test, compound 1 behaved similarity to swertianolin against α‑glucosidase and more potent inhibitory effects than the positive control, acarbose.
Scaling capability of GOI and SOI devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The scaling capability of germanium-on-insulator (GOI) and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is investigated. The results suggest that GOI is more suitable for low operating power applications than SOI, and can relax the stringent requirement of the film thickness by up to 160%. Compared with SOI, the channel length limitation of GOI can be relaxed by /spl sim/30% with the same film thickness. The intrinsic delay of GOI is smaller than that of SOL At the same intrinsic delay, the off-state current of GOI is 3 /spl sim/ 4 orders of magnitude lower than SOI. However, when the channel length scales down below 20nm and the film thickness is smaller than 5nm. GOI loses its advantages over SOI.
Using personalized and socialized power motivation to predict decision making in moral dilemma scenarios

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The need for power (n Power) has been typically associated with antisocial behaviors such as aggression and physical abuse. More recently, researchers have been conceptualizing n Power as having a personalized and a socialized aspect. The personalized aspect is the motivation for power that enables personal aggrandizement, while the socialized aspect is the motivation for power that benefits others. The present study investigates the ability of personalized and socialized power motivation to predict decision making in scenarios that involve moral dilemmas, and whether these constructs are better predictors than a general n Power. Participants were first given a picture story exercise containing six pictures to measure their power motivation levels, and were then given four moral dilemmas where they had to make a choice to either benefit oneself at the expense of others (personalized decision) or benefit others at the expense of the self (socialized decision). The results showed that neither general n Power, personalized power motivation nor socialized power motivation had a significant main effect on the participants’ decisions. However, personalized power motivation was found to moderate the effects of socialized power motivation; when personalized power motivation was low, higher socialized power motivation predicted more socialized decisions, whereas, when personalized power motivation was high, higher socialized power motivation predicted more personalized decisions. In addition, post-hoc analysis found that socialized power motivation acted as a suppressor variable for general n Power in predicting the participants’ decision. In conclusion, personalized and socialized power motivation were shown to be useful in predicting ethical decision making.
Brahms's Song Collections

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction Part I: Context Organicism Lyric cycles Self-reflexivity, fragments, and Hoffmann's Kater Murr Textual coherence in the song-cycle canon Key sequence Key characteristics and other alternative approaches to tonal sequence Part II: Conception to publication Before composing: texts and notebooks From conception to arrangement: 'Heine cycles' Ordering for publication Titles and title pages Flower imagery Part III: Arrangement Plot archetypes: sorrow to comfort Narrative Op. 32 as narrative Op. 57 as narrative Narrative elements in other bouquets Self-reflexivity Alternatives to narrative: juxtaposition and resonance Tempo, closure, and cyclic patterning 'Wie Melodien' Part IV: Performance Performance contexts Criteria in assembling a recital programme Gender and dramatic characterisation Identification between singer and narrator Tessitura, range, and performance by several singers Transposition Performance and coherence in the Ophelia-Lieder Part V: Reception Reviews Responses of Brahms's acquaintances Identification of composer with narrator Dedicatory cycles and the composer's voice The graphic cycles of Max Klinger Part VI: Cyclic Intent.
Designing a Minecraft Simulation Game for Learning a Language Through Knowledge Co-Construction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this chapter is to design a Minecraft simulation game where players can learn a language by communicating and negotiating meaning with other players. To achieve this, Gagné's events of instruction and Schmitt's strategic experience modules were adopted as a theoretical lens for simulation building. After the simulation game was designed, it was implemented to test its feasibility. The result shows that the simulation game has both the intended features of knowledge co-construction and the negotiation of meaning, as well as enjoyment of the game. The test result, however, also suggests that the simulation game needs more conditionals and loops in order for players to repeat their simulation game at any place and time.
The Tasmanian electronic falls ascertainment tool—A pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of using an electronic tool to ascertain falls and their circumstances (TASeFALL) in people aged over 60 years. Methods Forty participants (mean age: 69.3 ± 5.4 years, 55% women) were randomised to receive a monthly paper‐based questionnaire (control group n = 19), compared with the same questionnaire sent via email with LimeSurvey software (TASeFALL n = 21). Falls and their circumstances were recorded prospectively over 12 months in all participants. The main outcomes were feasibility of enrolment, number of falls, adherence to completion of questionnaires and cost. Results The incidence, number of falls and adherence to the completion of the questionnaire over the 12‐month follow‐up were similar in both the TASeFALL and control groups. However, the monthly paper‐based questionnaire approach was 45% more expensive. Conclusions The TASeFALL is a feasible and cost‐effective method of falls ascertainment for older people with email access that could have a wide research uptake.
OP71 Patient Disease Strategy: A New Operational Framework For Collecting And Applying Patient Experience Data Into Clinical Development Programs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Understanding patient experience and needs is crucial to develop high-value therapies. Patient experience data (PED) inform trial design and evidence generation plans. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s roadmap to patient-focused outcome measurement advocates integrating PED into product development. We adapted this theoretical framework to include the health technology assessment (HTA) perspective and operationalized it as a patient disease strategy (PDS) framework. Methods The PDS framework is a methodology that systematically integrates patient-informed activities to reflect the patient health value of a new treatment. A PDS is developed per indication, initiated in the preclinical phase, applied in clinical development, and continuously adapted throughout the product development lifecycle. The three PDS phases include: (i) development of patient profile, including epidemiology, demographics, patient journey, disease, and treatment burden for patients and caregivers; (ii) PED gap analysis, focusing on identification of patient priorities, unmet needs, preferences, and expectations for new therapies; and (iii) translation into actions, such as diversity and inclusion (D&I) plans and outcomes strategy. Results Out of 58 indications, 31 percent have endorsed PDS and 67 percent are in progress. Patient-relevant label opportunities increased by over 50 percent. Each indication was informed on average by patients from three different countries. The PDS framework helped to identify factors that impacted health outcomes for integration into trial designs and D&I plans. Early understanding of heterogeneous patient populations, unmet needs, benefit/risk trade-offs, and patient experiences ensured development programs measured the most meaningful outcomes while also addressing evidence gaps. Early understanding of patient priorities and barriers to participation optimized the studies by reducing burden and identifying proactive support needed to complete the trial. Conclusions The PDS framework systematically identified health value opportunities for a target population and integrated the patient needs into the overall development plan. PED informs clinical trial design and endpoint strategy optimization, including factors that influence diversity and data integrity. We anticipate that the PDS will enable HTA decisions to reflect patients’ health value and ultimately improve access to innovative therapies.
Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A two-dimensional, cross-sectional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model and a simple application of Darcy?s law were used to quantify ground-water flow (from a wetlands) beneath Levee 30 in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Geologic and geophysical data, vertical seepage data from the wetlands, canal discharge data, ground-water-level data, and surface-water-stage data collected during 1995 and 1996 were used as boundary conditions and calibration data for the ground-water flow model and as input for the analytical model. Vertical seepage data indicated that water from the wetlands infiltrated the subsurface, near Levee 30, at rates ranging from 0.033 to 0.266 foot per day when the gates at the control structures along Levee 30 canal were closed. During the same period, stage differences between the wetlands (Water Conservation Area 3B) and Levee 30 canal ranged from 0.11 to 1.27 feet. A layer of low-permeability limestone, located 7 to 10 feet below land surface, restricts vertical flow between the surface water in the wetlands and the ground water. Based on measured water-level data, ground-water flow appears to be generally horizontal, except in the direct vicinity of the canal. The increase in discharge rate along a 2-mile reach of the Levee 30 canal ranged from 9 to 30 cubic feet per second per mile and can be attributed primarily to ground-water inflow. Flow rates in Levee 30 canal were greatest when the gates at the control structures were open. The ground-water flow model data were compared with the measured ground-water heads and vertical seepage from the wetlands. Estimating the horizontal ground-water flow rate beneath Levee 30 was difficult owing to the uncertainty in the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the main flow zone of the Biscayne aquifer. Measurements of ground-water flows into Levee 30 canal, a substantial component of the water budget, were also uncertain, which lessened the ability to validate the model results. Because of vertical flows near Levee 30 canal and a very low hydraulic gradient east of the canal, a simplified Darcian approach simulated with the ground-water flow model does not accurately estimate the horizontal ground-water flow rate. Horizontal ground-water flow rates simulated with the ground-water flow model (for a 60-foot-deep by 1-foot-wide section of the Biscayne aquifer) ranged from 150 to 450 cubic feet per day west of Levee 30 and from 15 to 170 cubic feet per day east of Levee 30 canal. Vertical seepage from the wetlands, within 500 feet of Levee 30, generally accounted for 10 to 15 percent of the total horizontal flow beneath the levee. Simulated horizontal ground-water flow was highest during the wet season and when the gates at the control structures were open.