jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Active Control of Surge in Multi-Stage Axial-Flow Compressors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with a theoretical study of the active control of purely axial 1D instabilities in multi-stage axial-flow compressors. The paper briefly considers the development of a suitable surge model and continues with the derivation of a controller using linear optimal control theory. The controller is specifically designed to suppress the instabilities predicted by the linearised form of the surge model. The control technique involves a bleed being dynamically varied in response to fluctuations of variables. It is found that a stabilising optimal controller can always be obtained. The second part of the paper presents a non-linear simulation of the surge prediction model with the linear controller, using a 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme. This demonstrates how some non-linearities in the flow model can affect the controller operation. It is also shown that, the amplitudes and the frequency response required of the actuator to retain stability can exceed the practical limitations.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
An Investigation of Factors that Contribute to Dihydroxyacetone Variation Observed in New Zealand Leptospermum scoparium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Honey derived from Leptospermum scoparium (commonly known as mānuka) is known to have anti-bacterial activity that is not entirely accounted for by the presence of hydrogen peroxide.1 This is known as non-peroxide activity (NPA). The discovery of this medical benefit has led to mānuka honey being a major export for New Zealand. In order to assure supply, mānuka trees are being investigated to determine why certain specimens yield honeys with a greater NPA than others. This might result in plantations of L. scoparium that would yield honey with a consistently high NPA. \nThe compound responsible for the NPA is a 1,2-dicarbonyl known as methylglyoxal (MGO).2 The precursor to this molecule was found in nectar of the mānuka flowers and was identified as dihydroxyacetone (DHA).3 An investigation of DHA in the nectar of L. scoparium across different regions of New Zealand was carried out by Williams (2012).4 It was confirmed that trees vary within and between regions across New Zealand. \nThis thesis describes different investigations into why the variation of DHA observed in various mānuka flowers is so great. Flowers were collected during flowering periods from 2011-2013 and were frozen prior to processing. The extraction method used ten flowers (10F) and samples were analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). The DHA quantity was expressed with respect to the total sugar (Tsugar) in the nectar (DHA/Tsugar) in order to allow for comparison between samples. \nThe study by Williams (2012) was extended to include the Northland region.4 Wild L. scoparium var. incanum specimens were collected from this region and it was determined that these trees only produced a low to moderate amount of DHA/Tsugar. Williams (2012) also investigated the DHA variability of trees in close proximity to each other as these are supposed to be genetically similar.4 This study was repeated in a different region and the findings were the same; that is trees that were in close proximity to each other can have different DHA/Tsugar. \nOne possibility of why DHA is observed in mānuka flowers is that it is used to combat stress as a compatible osmolyte. This was tested using chemical additives and it was found that the DHA/Tsugar varied as a result of the Tsugar as opposed to the amount of DHA. This response was cultivar dependent. \nDifferent flower physiologies were also investigated. This included the andromonoecious nature of mānuka and the specific colour change in the hypanthium of the flower. Male flowers were found to have a larger amount of DHA/Tsugar as a result of a higher level of DHA than hermaphrodite flowers. This could suggest that DHA is being used in the hermaphrodite flowers for processes such as seed production. The DHA/Tsugar of flowers with different hypanthium colour was shown to be dependent on the variety type. The source and reason for DHA still remains unclear and therefore further study is required.
DNA barcoding unveils skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) species diversity in ‘ray’ products sold across Ireland and the UK

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Skates are widely consumed across the globe, but many large species are subject to considerable concern regarding their conservation and management. Within Europe such issues have recently driven policy changes so that, for the first time, reports of skate landings now have to be made under species-specific names. Total allowable catches have also been established for many groups, which have been set to zero for a number of the most vulnerable species (e.g., Dipturus batis, Raja undulata and Rostoraja alba). Whilst accurate species identification has become an important issue for landings, the sale of skates is still usually made under a blanket term of "skate" or "ray". The matter of identifying species of skate is further complicated by their morphologically conservative nature and the fact that they are commercially valued for their wings. Thus, before sale their bodies are usually discarded (i.e., "winged") and often skinned, making morphological identification impossible. For the first time, DNA barcoding (of the mitochondrial COI gene) was applied to samples of skate wings from retail outlets across the British Isles, providing insight into which species are sold for consumption. A total of 98 wing samples were analysed, revealing that six species were sold; blonde ray (Raja brachyura), spotted ray (Raja montagui), thornback ray (Raja clavata), cuckoo ray (Leucoraja naevus) small-eyed ray (Raja microocellata) and shagreen ray (Leucoraja fullonica). Statistical testing demonstrated that there were significant differences in the species sold in the distinct retail groups which suggests complex drivers behind the patterns of sale in skates. The results also indicate that endangered species are not commonly being passed on to consumers. In addition, the practice of selling skate wings under ambiguous labels is highlighted as it makes it extremely difficult for consumers to exercise a right to avoid species of conservation concern. Interestingly, a single retailer chain labelled their wings as originating from three smaller-growing species (generally to be considered of lower conservation concern); of the six samples analysed from this company a third were mislabelled and originated from the thornback ray (a larger species that is currently undergoing population declines).
SUBSTÂNCIAS ATRATIVAS NO MONITORAMENTO DE MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS EM GOIABEIRAS E MANGUEIRAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE BANANEIRAS-PB

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objetivou-se verificar o efeito de substratos na atratividade de moscas-das-frutas, nas culturas da goiabeira e mangueira no município de Bananeiras – PB. Para as plantas de goiabeira, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, utilizando-se 40 frascos caça-moscas, sendo que cada um dos substratos, sorteado aleatoriamente, fez parte de todas as parcelas. Os tratamentos utilizados nas plantas de goiabeira foram: T1- Testemunha, T2- suco de maracujá, T3- suco de manga, T4- suco de goiaba e T5- suco de abacaxi. Para as plantas de mangueira foi utilizado o delineamento DBC, sendo que neste caso foram aplicados três tratamentos (T1, T2 e T3) e quatro repetições. Foi possível concluir que: os tratamentos foram eficientes para realizar o monitoramento das moscas-das-frutas nos pomares de goiabeira e mangueira; em plantas de goiabeiras e mangueiras, os atrativos alimentares a base de suco de goiaba e suco de manga exerceu, respectivamente, maior atração;constatou-se a presença de moscas-das-frutas do gênero Ceratitis capitata e quatro espécies de moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha nos pomares do CCHSA sendo elas: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. socorcula, A. Zenildae e A. obliqua.
Self-healing Behavior of 2D C/SiC Modified by Partial Boron Carbide Matrix after Annealing at Low Temperature in Wet Oxygen

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Oxidation behavior of 2D C/SiC composites modified by boron carbide self-sealing matrix was investigated at low temperature of 700°C in wet oxygen. Oxidation tests were conducted under a creep stress of 100MPa up to 60h. Microstructural evolution of the modified composites was explored by SEM and TEM. Results show that the modified composites hold better inoxidizability than the conventional C/SiC composites, which is caused by the self-heal of matrix cracks (and the stress enlarged ones) with oxidation induced B2O3 and the inhibition of C oxidation. The unoxidized B-C is identified as a coagent of B2O3 to fulfill the healing. Healing ability of the modified matrix is preserved in 60h and is valid for longer periods of time.
Synthesis of condensed tannin model compounds regioselectively labeled with a 13C-stable isotope

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Condensed tannins exhibit diverse bioactivities that render them promising for applications in the food and medical fields. For the analysis and monitoring of condensed tannins, 13 C-labeled derivatives would provide a useful tool. In this study, condensed tannin polymers regioselectively labeled with a stable isotope were synthesized using 13 C-labeled acetic acid or 13 C-labeled dimethylformamide as the starting material. The resulting synthetic polymers were labeled with 13 C at the C-4 or C-2 positions. A GPC analysis revealed that all model polymers comprised mainly tetramer to hexamer structures. According to the 13 C-NMR data of the synthetic tannin models and natural condensed tannin obtained from sugi bark, the chemical structure of both compounds was very similar. Furthermore, compared with the natural condensed tannin and unlabeled synthetic polymer, the labeled compound showed more intense C-4 and C-2 13 C signals, indicating that the 13 C labeling proceeded regioselectively. These compounds are useful for analyzing the chemical reactions of condensed tannins and monitoring structural transformation processes in vivo.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Consensus Guidelines for Emergency Laparotomy Part 3: Organizational Aspects and General Considerations for Management of the Emergency Laparotomy Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This is Part 3 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy using an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) approach. This paper addresses organizational aspects of care. Methods Experts in management of the high‐risk and emergency general surgical patient were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE database searches were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies were selected with particular attention to randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses and large cohort studies, and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on elective patients when appropriate. A modified Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. Results Components of organizational aspects of care were considered. Consensus was reached after three rounds of a modified Delphi process. Conclusions These guidelines are based on best current available evidence for organizational aspects of an ERAS® approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and include discussion of less common aspects of care for the surgical patient, including end‐of‐life issues. These guidelines are not exhaustive but pull together evidence on important components of care for this high‐risk patient population. As much of the evidence is extrapolated from elective surgery or emergency general surgery (not specifically laparotomy), many of the components need further evaluation in future studies.
Irinotecan in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Indications of activity in a phase II trial.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with a broad spectrum of antitumor clinical activity, we investigated its activity in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Irinotecan at 300 mg/m2 i.v. was administered every 21 days with intensive loperamide management of diarrhea. Responders received up to six treatment cycles. Of 44 registered patients, 32 are evaluable for response. Seventeen patients had received one previous regimen, and 15 patients had received two. Disease was refractory to the regimen preceding irinotecan in 12 patients. At baseline, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were high in 47% (14/30), and beta-2-microglobulin levels were higher than 3.0 mg/L in 29% (8/28) of patients. Responses were seen in 12 of 32 (38%) patients (95% confidence interval [CI] = 21%-56%). Response rates were 43% for seven indolent (95% CI = 10%-82%), 0% for three mantle cell (95% CI = 0%-71%), 44% for 18 relapsed aggressive (95% CI = 22%-69%), and 20% for five refractory aggressive NHLs (95% CI = 1%-72%). Grade 3/4 toxicities included myelosuppression, neutropenic fever, and diarrhea. Irinotecan appears active and relatively well tolerated in patients with relapsed aggressive or indolent NHL. Accrual to this study is continuing for better determination of response rates in all histologic subtypes of NHL.
Research on optimization of engineering parameters of effective action distance of multi-stage alternating injection acid etching

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study calibrated the numerical simulation model by using indoor experiments to measure experimental data related to conductivity, acid rock reaction kinetics and acid fluid loss, and combined it with the numerical simulation model to calculate the multi-condition acid flow under multi-physics coupling . The effective action distance of the acid liquid is finally formed, which can be used at 200℃ and 250℃. The effective action distance of the acid liquid is related to the amount of acid liquid and the number of acid liquid injection stages. A set of quick diagrams that can be quickly applied to multi-stage Alternate injection process design and optimized workflow. After calculation, it is concluded that: for the 200℃ formation, it is recommended that the total amount of acid used in the level 3 injection process should be more than 400m3; if level 2 injection is used, taking into account both cost and benefit, the total acid amount of 300m3 can be close to the same amount of acid in level 3 The effective range of the injection. For the 250℃ formation, it is not recommended to use a solution with small liquid volume and multiple stages. If level 3 injection is used, it is recommended that the acid dosage be more than 500m3; if level 2 injection is used, taking into account both benefits and costs, it is recommended to use 400m3 acid liquid . Injection can obtain an effective distance similar to that of level 3 injection with the same amount of acid.
A Sinking Ship?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 2007 A Sinking Ship? Review of C. John Sommerville. The Decline of the Secular University. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. x + 147 pp., with index. $22.00. Ralph C. Hancock Ralph C. Hancock Ralph C. Hancock (PhD, Harvard University) is a professor of political science at Brigham Young University. He edited and contributed to America, the West, and Liberal Education (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), and wrote Calvin and the Foundations of Modern Politics (Cornell University Press, 1989). He is now completing a book entitled Philosophy and the Common Good: Recovering the Humanity of Thinking. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The FARMS Review (2007) 19 (2007) (1): 355–360. https://doi.org/10.5406/farmsreview.19.1.0355 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Ralph C. Hancock; A Sinking Ship?. The FARMS Review 1 January 2007; 19 (2007) (1): 355–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/farmsreview.19.1.0355 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressMormon Studies Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the chest wall in a patient with chronic empyema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

慢性膿胸腔に扁平上皮癌が発生した稀な1例を経験した．症例は75歳の男性，16年前に慢性膿胸にて開窓術を前医で施行された．その後開窓部の処置を継続していたが，開窓部の混濁した浸出液が増加，開窓部背側胸痛が出現したため，当院を紹介受診した．CTにて肋骨破壊を伴う膿胸開窓部の胸壁腫瘍を認め，CTガイド下生検にて扁平上皮癌の病理診断を得た．慢性膿胸に合併した胸壁扁平上皮癌と診断し，放射線照射にて治療を行った．慢性膿胸関連悪性腫瘍の多くは悪性リンパ腫であるが，約20％に扁平上皮癌の合併が報告されている．今回16年の経過を経て慢性膿胸腔に扁平上皮癌が発生した症例を経験したので報告する．
Reversal of the Kuznets curve: Study on the inequality–development relation using top income shares data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper uses recently published top 1% income share series in studying the inequality-development association. The top income shares data are of high quality and cover about a century for some countries and thus provide an interesting opportunity to study slow development processes. The empirical inequality-development studies have started to call into question the use of parametric (quadratic) specifications. To address the issue of functional form, this study exploits penalized spline methods. The association between top 1% share and development is found to experience a reversal at later stages of development and, thus, a positive link is observed in many advanced economies. Although this study is not taking a strong stand on causality, additional analysis in this paper advocates that more than sectoral shifts are needed to explain distributional changes.
The Myth of the ‘Ideal Offender’: Challenging persistent human trafficking stereotypes through emerging Australian cases

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human trafficking and slavery offences are often constructed through prominent stereotypes of the ideal victim and the ideal offender. This article examines four common offender stereotypes created by representations of trafficking seen in the media, popular culture, government reports, and awareness campaigns, and challenges these stereotypes by comparing them with international and Australian research and statistics. This comparison demonstrates that the ideal trafficking offender is a myth that must be broken. To support this argument, the article explores two emerging Australian cases involving sexual exploitation and allegations of slavery and servitude that significantly depart from stereotypical representations of trafficking. This shows the limitations of offender stereotypes in explaining trafficking offences and demonstrates the need for greater emphasis on the role of coercive control in trafficking offences, the impact of trust and changing relationships, and the interrelationship of trafficking with domestic violence.
Visual Observer-Based State-Feedback Autonomous Motion Control on SE(3)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a visual observer-based state-feedback control tailored for autonomous motion on SE(3) to address challenges posed by modeling uncertainties and measurement noise. The proposed approach unfolds in two fundamental phases. In the initial stage, the visual observer, based on modeling information, visual sensors, and pre-deployed landmarks, along with the state-feedback controller, are developed independently, underpinning their individual semi-global practical asymptotic (SPA) stability. This modular approach ensures a robust foundation for the subsequent synthesis. The latter stage applies the well-established Small Gain Principle to regulate observer and controller parameters to guarantee the SPA stability of the closed-loop system with the visual-observer based state feedback control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulation and experiments.
The effect of mood induction in Gneezy´s interpersonal cheap talk game

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Gneezy´s interpersonal cheap talk game was addressed in an Icelandic campus, on the first time with mood inducement. Researchers intended to found out more about human honesty and dishonesty associated with either temporary happy or sad mood. The results of the study were supporting the outcome of previous mood-induced economic experiments, marginal, but significant difference found between the mood effects and dishonesty: students, who were assigned to watch a sad movie and were senders, were more likely to send true, finance related message to receivers than those who were assigned to watch a happy movie. Participants were justifying dishonest messages with the small amount of money that was offered for distribution in the experiment.
Catalyst Deactivation in Hydrodemetallization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Metal deposition in hydrotreating of heavy oils is one of the most important phenomenon causing catalyst deactivation. Present work focuses on the modeling of hydrodemetallisation catalyst deactivation by model compound vanadyl-tetraphenylporphyrin. Intrinsic reaction kinetics, restrictive diffusion and the changing catalyst porous texture are the relevant phenomena to describe this deactivation process. The changing catalyst porous texture during metal depositon can be described successfully by percolation concepts. Comparison of simulated and experimental metal deposition profiles in catalyst pellets show qualitative agreement.
Near source observation of small initial phase generated by earthquakes in a deep gold mine in South Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A near source observation of mining induced earthquakes was conducted at 2.6 km beneath the ground in a deep gold mine in South Africa. About 20,000 events with hypocenter distances shorter than 200 m were recorded by using a high sampling rate and wide dynamic range observation system. Small phases preceding the large amplitude P-onsets were found in the seismograms for the 6 largest events whose seismic moments ranged from 5.0 × 1010 to 1.4 × 1011Nm. Duration of the small initial phase found in the present study is comparable with those reported previously for natural earthquakes with comparable seismic moment that were recorded at 7 to 11 km from their hypocenters. On the other hand, the waveform of the small initial phase is much complicated and rather resembles those of the moderate to large earthquakes.
Supplemental Figures 1-5 from A Synthetic Lethal Screen Reveals Enhanced Sensitivity to ATR Inhibitor Treatment in Mantle Cell Lymphoma with ATM Loss-of-Function

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figures 1-5. Supplemental Figure 1. Kinase selectivity profile of ATRi. Supplemental Figure 2. Screening of inhibitors in cellular γ-H2AX assay in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure 3. Flow cytometry profiles assessing γ-H2AX response to compare antimetabolite combinations with a fixed concentration of ATRi in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure 4. γ-H2AX response and cell viability following ATRi treatment in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure 5. In vivo pharmacokinetics and γ-H2AX pharmacodynamics of ATRi in GRANTA-519 (ATM mut) MCL tumor xenograft model.</p>