jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Double Infections of Rehmannia mosaic virus and Potato virus Y on Tobacco Plants in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Various viruses can cause mosaic disease in tobacco plants. Proper detection of the cause of the mosaic disease helps determine effective control. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of double infection of Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV) with Potato virus Y (PVY) using multiplex RT-PCR in tobacco plants from Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The viral suspension was inoculated on Chenopodium amaranticolor to obtain one viral colony from one local lesion. The multiplex RT-PCR method using Tobamovirus primers (TobRT-up1 and TobRT-do2) and Potyvirus primers (MJ1 and MJ2) can detect double infection caused by ReMV with PVY in tobacco plants distributed in Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. The multiplex RT-PCR product showed that tobacco samples with mosaic symptoms from Temanggung, Klaten, Bantul, and Kalasan were positive ReMV. Multiplex RT-PCR has successfully detected double infection of ReMV and PVY on tobacco samples from Klaten and Kalasan. ReMV Bantul, Kalasan, and Klaten were homolog to ReMV USA isolate and ReMV Temanggung was homolog to ReMV Japanese isolate. PVY Klaten was homolog to PVY Turkey isolate, and PVY Kalasan was homolog to PVY Iran.
The Innate Immune System and the TRAIL–Bcl-XL Axis Mediate a Sex Bias in Lung Cancer and Confer a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Females

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract There is a significant sex bias in lung cancer, with males showing increased mortality compared with females. A better mechanistic understanding of these differences could help identify therapeutic targets to personalize cancer therapies to each sex. After observing a clear sex bias in humanized mice, with male patient-derived xenograft lung tumors being more progressive and deadlier than female patient-derived xenograft lung tumors, we identified mouse tumor models of lung cancer with the same sex bias. This sex bias was not observed in models of breast, colon, melanoma, and renal cancers. In vivo, the sex bias in growth and lethality required intact ovaries, functional innate NK cells and monocytes/macrophages, and the activating receptor NKG2D. Ex vivo cell culture models were sensitized to the anticancer effects of NKG2D-mediated NK cell and macrophage killing through the TRAIL–Bcl-XL axis when cultured with serum from female mice with intact ovaries. In both flank and orthotopic models, the Bcl-XL inhibitor navitoclax (ABT-263) improved tumor growth control in female mice and required NK cells, macrophages, and the TRAIL signaling pathway. This research suggests that navitoclax and TRAIL pathway agonists could be used as a personalized therapy to improve outcomes in women with lung cancer. Significance: Lung cancers in females are more susceptible to killing through a TRAIL–Bcl-XL axis, indicating that targeting this axis therapeutically could represent a personalized approach to treat female patients with lung cancer.
Pravastatin-induced colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report an unusual case of pravastatin-induced colitis in an 80-year old lady. Onset of symptoms was noted within 48 h of starting the medication. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse ulceration throughout the colon with relative sparing of the rectum, with the biopsies showing ulceration and inflammation. The patient received a short course of steroid therapy and 5 months after stopping pravastatin, there was complete macroscopic and microscopic resolution of the colonic lesions. Drug interaction of pravastatin with amitryptiline could have resulted in this uncommon complication.
Multinuclear magnetic resonance and x‐ray diffraction studies of aminonitropyridines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 15 N NMR spectra for 21 aminonitropyridines were measured and their chemical shifts assigned. The 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts and spin–spin coupling constants were also determined for 16 compounds of this series. In order to relate the structural properties of nitramino groups and their 15 N NMR chemical shifts in 2‐ and 4‐nitramino‐3‐nitropyridines, which differ remarkably from all other amino groups studied, low‐temperature 1 H NMR, 17 O NMR, comparative INEPT and IR spectroscopic studies were carried out. In addition, the x‐ray crystal structure of 2‐nitramino‐3‐nitropyridine was determined. Comparative spectroscopic studies showed that the nitramino derivatives exhibit different characteristics to the other compounds studied. Based on the x‐ray structural data, the nitramino group differs markedly from separate aryl‐bound amino and nitro groups. The nitramino group does not exhibit prototropic tautomerism in the crystalline state. This is in agreement with the small variation in the 15 N NMR chemical shifts of the pyridine nitrogen, which excludes the prevalence of pyridinium ions. Among the four NMR nuclei studied, 15 N seems to possess the best predictive power regarding the exceptional properties of the nitramino group.
Effects of the anabolic steroid stanozolol on cells derived from human bone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. In this study, cells derived from explants of human trabecular bone were treated with the anabolic steroid stanozolol in order to determine whether the potential therapeutic effect of this agent might be explained by direct effects on skeletal tissue. 2. Stanozolol at a concentration of 10−10 mol/l to 10−6 mol/l consistently stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of human bone cells and increased proliferation. 3. Stanozolol had variable effects on the expression of two other markers of the osteoblast phenotype, namely the bone-specific vitamin-K-dependent protein osteocalcin, and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Although stanozolol tended to increase the values, this was not seen in all experiments. 4. We conclude that human bone cells respond to stanozolol. The effects of this agent on cell proliferation may be important in understanding the mode of action of this drug in the treatment of osteopenic disorders.
The “End” of Orgasm: The Erotics of Durational Pleasures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines how capitalism and colonialism collude to produce a high value on the "end" of the erotic—the orgasm—and rather proposes an end to the hierarchical valuing of orgasmic pleasure. Through an analysis of film, literature, and the pleasures in their consumption, this essay makes the case for asexual pleasures that resist the telos of erotic settler time, moving into a queer, sovereign erotic temporality. In other words, how might we think differently about intimacies and reimagine the durations of pleasure when we interrogate the colonial construction of the normative sexual subject and imperatives toward sexual coupling? By exploring the possibilities of various nonsexual pleasures, we can question how and which bodies are constructed as healthy, desirable, and desiring subjects according to normative constructions of race, ability, age, and orgasmic potential, while also creating different modes of relationality and intimacy with the self and others.
Erythrocyte glutathione deficiency in symptom-free HIV infection is associated with decreased synthesis rate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although several studies have documented intra- and extracellular glutathione (GSH) deficiency in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the mechanisms responsible for the altered GSH homeostasis remain unknown. To determine whether decreased synthesis contributes to this alteration of GSH homeostasis, a primed-constant infusion of [ 2 H 2 ]glycine was used to measure the fractional and absolute rates of synthesis of GSH in five healthy and five symptom-free HIV-infected subjects before and after supplementation for 1 wk with N-acetylcysteine. The erythrocyte GSH concentration of the HIV-infected group was lower ( P < 0.01) than that of the control group (1.4 ± 0.16 vs. 2.4 ± 0.08 mmol/l). The smaller erythrocyte GSH pool of the HIV-infected group was associated with a significantly slower ( P < 0.01) absolute synthesis rate of GSH (1.15 ± 0.14 vs. 1.71 ± 0.15 mmol ⋅ l −1 ⋅ day −1 ) compared with controls. Cysteine supplementation elicited significant increases in both the absolute rate of synthesis and the concentration of erythrocyte GSH. These results suggest that the GSH deficiency of HIV infection is due in part to a reduced synthesis rate secondary to a shortage in cysteine availability.
Extrapyramidal side effects of lithium treatment.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pyloric stenosis and sustained-release iron tablets SIR,-The case reported below gives an interesting and salutary warning about the possible effects of giving long-acting iron tablets to patients with a history of peptic ulceration or long-standing dyspepsia.The patient, an arthritic spinster of 74 who was known to live on a diet of cake and Maltesers, was started on treatment with Ferrogradumet C for a
Measurement of the absolute penetration depth and surface resistance of superconductors and normal metals with the variable spacing parallel plate resonator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The variable spacing parallel plate resonator (VSPPR) is a microwave transmission line resonator with a continuously variable thickness of the dielectric spacer between the superconducting or metallic plates, filled by cryogenic liquid or vacuum. We measure the dielectric spacer thickness dependencies of the resonator frequency and quality factor, and fit them to theoretical forms, in order to extract the absolute values of penetration depth, λ, and surface resistance, Rs. A cryogenic micropositioning setup is developed to vary the spacer thickness from 0 to 100 μm with a resolution of 8.5 nm, and to maintain parallelism of the resonator plates. Measurement of ac capacitance between the plates is utilized to directly determine the separation between the resonator plates and to reduce the effect of their tilt and nonflatness on the accuracy of the measured Rs and λ. Because the operating temperature is fixed (77 K), the result for a superconductor is independent of an a priori model for the penetration depth versus temperature. This technique can also be employed as a surface impedance standard for characterization of high temperature superconducting films for microwave applications.
Insect Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1996

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Six-week-old transplants were set on 17 Jun at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC). Plants were set 18" apart within 20-ft rows which were on 10-ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Materials were applied on 29 Jul, 5, 12, 19 and 26 Aug, and 9 and 16 Sep with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50-100 gpa (gpa increasing as plants grew) through 7 hollow cone nozzles per row (three nozzles on each side and one overhead). Those treatments which were tar geted specifically at the lepidopterous pest TFW, i.e., Spinosad and Dipel 2X, received Provado 1.6 F (3.75 oz./acre) on 5, 19 Aug and 9 Sep, to minimize damage by PA. Conversely, the CGA-215944 50WP treatment, which was targeted at PA, SB and GHWF, received weekly treatment of Biobit HP (1.0 lb form./acre) for control of TFW. PA populations were monitored on 10, 17, 25, 31 Jul and on 26 Aug by observing 10 leaves (3rd most recently expanded leaf) per plot and recording the number infested with ≥ 1 apterous aphid. PA infestations were rated for severity on 7 and 14 Aug by observing 10 leavei-(3rd most recently expanded leaf) per plot and rating each leaf for apterous PA infestation on 0-3 scale: 0 = no apterous PA, 1 = 1 to 5 apterous PA, 2 = 6 to 15 apterous PA, and 3 = &gt;16 apterous PA. GHWF populations were monitored on 6 Sep by collecting 10 leaflets per plot and counting the numbei of immature GHWF under a stereo microscope. Pink state fruit were harvested on 22, 29 Aug 5, 12, 19, 26 Sep, 3 and 10 Oct. The total number of fruit as well as the number damaged by TFW, SB, and thrips were recorded and % damaged fruit was calculated. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
LANGUAGE INEQUALITY: AN EXPLORATION INTO NIGERIA’S LANGUAGE POLICIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Language inequality, the belief that languages are not of equal status, has been scantily considered in the existing literature. It is not thoroughly treated because it is mostly considered as a minute part of a larger topic. It is therefore examined in this study with the purpose of situating it in the language policy statements in the country’s constitution and National Policy on Education. Nigeria as a multilingual nation was considered before embarking on the examination of two policy statements in each of these documents. It was established that language inequality pervades the policy statements in the two documents. It was demonstrated that while Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba are presented as being superior to all other indigenous languages in the country, English, an inherited but official language is shown to be more important than all the Nigerian indigenous languages. The paper therefore concludes that languages can only be said to be equal theoretically since they are all used for communication purpose, but assignment of different functions to and people’s attitudes towards languages practically demonstrate that some languages are more equal than the others. It is finally recommended, among others, that parents should encourage their children and wards to use their indigenous languages to prevent them from going into extinction.
Computer simulation study of a direction finding algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of an antennas array enables spatial diversity. Such diversity allows the direction of a signal to be estimated. The aim of this project is to study the design of a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and evaluate its performance via computer simulation in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB). Essentially, DOA estimation algorithm forms the brain of an antenna array, processing the data received from the incident signals to extract DOA information. A total of eight parameters is identified, tested and analyzed for this final year project. This offers a holistic view of the ability of MUSIC algorithm in DOA estimation. It is observed that not all factors are equal, some of the factors have more substantial impact on the accuracy and resolution of the DOA estimation than the others. The degree of influence of each parameters is being analyzed and evaluated. MUSIC algorithm is observed to be sensitive to the changes in the following parameters: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), array elements spacing and angle of separation of the signals. Hence, further testing can be done to analyze the impact of these factors and try to adjust the controllable parameters to reduce the DOA estimation error in future application.
Stable nickel isotopes and cosmogenic beryllium‐10 and aluminum‐26 in metallic spheroids from Meteor Crater, Arizona

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract— The isotopic abundances of Ni in 17 metallic spheroids from Meteor Crater, Arizona, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Sixteen spheroids have normal isotopic abundances. A 17th shows a marginally detectable mass fractionation of 0.40 ± 0.14 %/AMU in favor of the heavier isotopes. The general absence of mass fractionation indicates that open system evaporation caused little loss of Ni. Variable activities of the cosmogenic radionuclides 10 Be and 26 Al were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry in separate suites of spheroids. Activities of 26 Al in most samples and of 10 Be in metal cores separated from spheroids indicate that they either (1) come from greater depths in the parent meteoroid than do hand specimens, or (2) lost Al and Be during the process of spheroid formation. One individual spheroid has 10 Be and 26 Al activities comparable to those of bulk specimens. This result suggests that spheroid formation may occasionally include material from the outermost meter or so of the impactor. Relatively high activities of 10 Be, ∼3 dpm/kg, in the siliceous shells of Canyon Diablo spheroids very likely have a meteoric origin.
Pollination Dynamics in Two Subalpine Flower Meadows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant-pollinator interactions were studied in two subalpine meadows to determine the role of pollination in structuring the herbaceous flower communities. The majority of the entomophilous plant species set significantly less seed when caged to prevent visitation than when exposed to flower visitors. Visitation rate was directly related to temperature and radiation. The number of animal species visiting flowers each week was directly related to the number of plant species in bloom. Most visitor species used ≤3 species of plants, while most plant species hosted ≤8 species of flower visitors. Floral niche breadth increased with increasing animal species diversity, but animal niche breadth was not related to flowering plant species diversity. The mean weekly visitation rate for each plant species was significantly related to floral relative density. Percent seed set was not related to visitation rate or flower density. Flowering period overlap and pollinator similarity varied for most species from one year to the next. There was no indication of competition for pollinators in either community. Supplementing the nectar of Geranium viscosissimum F.&M. resulted in a significant increase in the visitation rate and in the number of visiting species but did not affect either aspect of visitation to the other species in flower. The introduction of Penstemon cyananthus Hook. did not alter the visitation patterns of the other plant species. Plant-pollinator interactions play an indirect role in the structuring of these floral communities. Cross pollination facilitates high genetic variability in subalpine plants, but does not appear to regulate the plant populations directly.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This Forum brings together a group of interdisciplinary scholars who reflect with us about our film-in-progress, Big Mouth, about defamation, sexual violence, and advocacy in Guinea. In this introductory essay, we lay out the complex constellation of events, people, and questions that animate the film. We also introduce the central themes of justice claims and evidence that inspire and tie together our respective contributions to Hau. In this regard, we ask what role ethnography and filmmaking might serve. While video is increasingly used as a form of evidence in legal proceedings, what is its potential as a form of intervention outside of the courtroom? How can film resist the binary thinness of political discourse and legal practice by instead exploring the sensorial experiences of justice claims and aspirations? Collectively, we think beyond formal legal approaches to evidence and testimony and instead towards more expansive and everyday modes of witnessing and practices of testifying, naming, and shame.
A world catalogue of Phragmataecia (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), with a new species from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Yakovlev, Roman V., Witt, Thomas J. (2016): A world catalogue of Phragmataecia (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), with a new species from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Zootaxa 4085 (4): 589-600, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4085.4.8
O1381 CALCIFYING TENDINITIS OF THE SHOULDER – INTRA- AND INTEROBSERVER VARIABILITIES OF GÄRTNER’S CLASSIFICATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: The roentgenologic morphology of symptomatic calcified deposits of the rotator cuff can be classified according Gartner (1993, Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgebiete 131: 461–469). This classification influences therapeutic procedures and prognosis of clinical outcome in these patients. In the present study intraoberserver-reproducibility and interobserver-reliability of Gartner’s classification were tested. Methods: Plane radiographs of 100 patients with calcifications of the supraspinatus tendon were classified according the criteria of Gartner by six independent observers twice within four months. Intrao-berserver-reproducibility and interobserver-reliability were calculated by means of Cohen’s-kappa-index. Results: Kappa-values of intraoberserver-reproducibility had a mean of 0.4208 (SD 0.1299), kappavalues of interobserver-reliability were 0.490 for the first and 0.474 for the second classification. Conclusions: Determination of intraoberserverreproducibility gave insufficient to satisfactory results, interobserver-reliability was sufficient. The clinical use of Gartner’s classification to plan therapeutic procedures or to determine clinical prognosis in patients with calcifying tendinitis can be recommended only with limitations.
Physicochemical properties of Pinus massoniana wood subjected to silicone oil heat treatment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this Study, Pinus massoniana wood was heat treated with silicone oil to modify the chemical composition relative to the unmodified wood. Specifically, polysaccharide, lignin, extractives and ash contents were the properties investigated. The wood samples were first of all pre-heated in a micro-wave oven to ease heat transfer within the wood. Silicone oil heat treatment was carried out at 150, 180 and 210°C for 2, 4, 8 h. The silicone oil heat treated wood was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle. Results showed that silicone oil heat treatment caused significant decrease in the polysaccharide (P ˂ 0,0001) and ash contents (P ˂ 0,0001) and significant increase in the lignin (P ˂ 0,0001) and extractives contents (P ˂ 0,0001) as the treatment time increased. FTIR results showed that the chemical constituents of the wood were affected by the treatment, while TGA showed that the treated wood resulted in higher thermal stability with increase in the crystallinity index. Silicone oil heat treatment proved to be effective in increasing the contact angle of the wood.
A Design of Mobile Application for Ultrasound Bladder Monitoring System Based on Usability Engineering

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patients with voiding dysfunction need continuous treatments as well as bladder ultrasonography, surgical procedures and medication. Ultrasound bladder monitoring healthcare system can help non-invasive treatment as a bladder training. This system uses wearable patch sensor so that patients can monitor their bladder volume as an indicator of voiding and be recommended voiding at a proper time. In this study, the mobile application for the system is designed and evaluated based on optimized clinical workflow and safety. This study included the design of clinical application models for users and the development of user interface complying with usability engineering process.