jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P2‐140: GENOME‐WIDE LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF CARIBBEAN HISPANIC PUERTO RICAN FAMILIES SUPPORTS EVIDENCE OF LINKAGE TO C9ORF72 REGION OF CHROMOSOME 9

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ancestral heterogeneity (admixture) of Caribbean Hispanics (CHI) makes studies of CHI population critical in discovery of ancestry-specific genetic factors in Alzheimer disease (AD). In this study we analyzed twenty-five multiplex CHI Puerto Rican (PR) families using ancestral-aware genome-wide linkage analysis with the goal of identifying genomic regions and their ancestral backgrounds segregating with disease that are likely to contain risk or protective genes for PR AD. Genome-wide array genotyping of 95 individuals (69 affected) from 25 families was used for linkage analysis. Models assuming autosomal dominant inheritance included: 1) parametric two-point affecteds-only and age-dependent penetrance models, and 2) parametric multipoint affecteds-only and age-dependent penetrance models, and 3) nonparametric multipoint model. Linkage analyses were implemented in the MERLIN software. Local ancestry was estimated using SHAPEIT followed by RFMix. Regions previously identified in AD linkage scan (PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, MAPT, APOE) showed no evidence of linkage in these data. A locus at 9q21.1-9p13.3 produced a linkage LOD score of 3.9 across all families in the parametric affected-only dominant multipoint model. Two-point affecteds-only dominant parametric model results were also supportive for this region (HLOD=2.6 at rs1408466). The region overlaps a previously reported linkage peak in an independent set of non-Hispanic White AD families (NHW). The haplotypes segregating with the disease in the PR families had European ancestral background, further supporting this linkage peak in the NHW population. The linkage region also includes several AD candidate genes, C9orf72, VCP, and CDKN2A. However, we did not observe the previously reported C9orf72 hexanucleotide (GGGGCC)n repeat expansion in the PR group. These data do not exclude a different variant in C9orf 72 contributing to the AD linkage signal. Linkage analysis of CHI PR families extended evidence for a LOAD susceptibility gene on chromosome 9 and confirmed a previously reported linkage to 9p21.3 in NHW families. Twenty-five families included in these study are undergoing whole-genome sequencing. To delineate the genetic effect at the linked region, variants located in the linkage region will be primary candidates for examination as potential risk or protective factors in AD.
Hawaii's Geothermal Development

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

On July 2, 1976, an event took place in the desolate area of Puna, on the island of Hawaii, which showed great promise of reducing Hawaii's dependence on fuel oil. This great event was the flashing of Hawaii's first geothermal well which was named HGP-A. The discovery of geothermal energy was a blessing to Hawaii since the electric utilities are dependent upon fuel oil for its own electric generating units. Over 50% of their revenues pay for imported fuel oil. Last year (1979) about $167.1 million left the state to pay for this precious oil. The HGP-A well was drilled to a depth of 6450 feet and the temperature at the bottom of the hole was measured at 676 F, making it one of the hottest wells in the world.
Loss of NADPH Oxidase–Derived Superoxide Skews Macrophage Phenotypes to Delay Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Macrophages are early islet-infiltrating cells seen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While proinflammatory M1 macrophages induce T1D, M2 macrophages have been shown to delay this autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, but the environmental cues that govern macrophage polarization and differentiation remain unresolved. We previously demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T1D, as NOD mice deficient in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived superoxide (Ncf1m1J) were protected against T1D partly because of blunted Toll-like receptor–dependent macrophage responses. We provide evidence that NOX-derived ROS contribute to macrophage differentiation in T1D. During spontaneous diabetes progression, T1D-resistant NOD.Ncf1m1J islet-resident macrophages displayed a dampened M1 and increased M2 phenotype. The transfer of diabetogenic T cells into NOX-deficient NOD.Rag.Ncf1m1J recipients resulted in decreased TNF-α+ and IL-1β+ islet-infiltrating M1 macrophages and a concomitant enhancement in arginase-1+ M2 macrophages. Mechanistic analysis of superoxide-deficient bone marrow–derived macrophages revealed a marked diminution in a proinflammatory M1 phenotype due to decreased P-STAT1 (Y701) and interferon regulatory factor 5 compared with NOD mice. We have therefore defined a novel mechanistic link between NOX-derived ROS and macrophage phenotypes, and implicated superoxide as an important factor in macrophage differentiation. Thus, targeting macrophage redox status may represent a promising therapy in halting human T1D.
MANAGEMENT CONSULTING COURSES AND STUDENTS' SELF-EFFICACY: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Using data from self-evaluation questionnaires completed by 130 students in three types of consulting courses, we analyze the effectiveness of these courses in raising the self-efficacy of participants to cope with the kind of tasks typically faced by entry-level management consultants. We find that the three consulting courses are significantly more effective in this respect than a non-consulting course used for control purposes. Prior research has shown self-efficacy to be positively related to task performance and other desirable outcome measures. Therefore, academic institutions can make an important contribution to preparing their graduates for their later roles as managers and consultants by raising self-efficacy through course offerings in relevant areas.
Persepolis Fortification Anepigraphic Tablet 2107.004-008, PFAnep 2107.004-008

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Administrative Text with seal ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] PFAnep 2107.004-008 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Text ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay anepigraphic tablet. Seal impressions on bottom edge, flat edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Cracks on flat edge, obverse, reverse. Gouge on upper edge.
A Contrast Tree Based Approach to Two-Population Models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Building small populations mortality tables has great practical importance in actuarial applications. In recent years, several works in literature explored different methodologies to quantify and assess longevity and mortality risk, especially within the context of small populations: many models dealing with this problem usually use a two-population approach, modelling a mortality spread between a larger reference population and the population of interest, via likelihood-based techniques. To broaden the tools at actuaries’ disposal to build small population mortality tables, a general structure for a two-step two-populations model is proposed, its main element of novelty residing in a machine-learning based approach to mortality spread estimation. In order to obtain this, Contrast Trees and related Estimation Contrast Boosting techniques have been applied. A quite general machine learning-based model has then been adapted in order to generalize Italian actuarial practice in company tables estimation and implemented using data from Human Mortality Database. Finally, results from the ML-based model have been compared to those obtained from the traditional model.
RNA Ligands That Distinguish Metabolite‐Induced Conformations in the TPP Riboswitch

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molekulare Vielfalt trifft RNA-Konformation: In vitro selektierte RNA-Haarnadeln binden an den thiM-RNA-Schalter von E. coli und werden bei der Zugabe von Thiaminpyrophosphat (TPP) freigesetzt (siehe Schema). Diese Haarnadeln helfen bei der Identifizierung von Nucleotiden, die für die Funktion von RNA-Schaltern wichtig sind.
An Intelligent Model for Online Recruitment Fraud Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study research attempts to prohibit privacy and loss of money for individuals and organization by creating a reliable model which can detect the fraud exposure in the online recruitment environments. This research presents a major contribution represented in a reliable detection model using ensemble approach based on Random forest classifier to detect Online Recruitment Fraud (ORF). The detection of Online Recruitment Fraud is characterized by other types of electronic fraud detection by its modern and the scarcity of studies on this concept. The researcher proposed the detection model to achieve the objectives of this study. For feature selection, support vector machine method is used and for classification and detection, ensemble classifier using Random Forest is employed. A freely available dataset called Employment Scam Aegean Dataset (EMSCAD) is used to apply the model. Pre-processing step had been applied before the selection and classification adoptions. The results showed an obtained accuracy of 97.41%. Further, the findings presented the main features and important factors in detection purpose include having a company profile feature, having a company logo feature and an industry feature.
Requirements for the detection of damage events and measurement of laser fluence for high-quality damage threshold measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The accuracy and precision of a laser damage threshold determination is affected by the uncertainty in the data used. The uncertainty in the data comes from two sources. The first source is imprecise knowledge of the independent variable, the laser fluence. The other source is the uncertainty in the measured damage frequency. The two uncertainties are added in quadrature to yield the final data point uncertainty. Since the uncertainties add in quadrature, it is not advantageous to make one source very small without an effort to lower both. It is shown that the dominant source of uncertainty is in the measurement of the damage frequency.
Reconstructing the VOC–Ozone Research Framework Through a Systematic Review of Observation and Modeling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Tropospheric ozone (O3), a secondary pollutant of mounting global concern, emerges from complex, nonlinear photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under dynamically evolving meteorological conditions. Accurately characterizing and effectively regulating O3 formation necessitates not only precise and multi-dimensional precursor observations but also modeling frameworks that are structurally coherent, chemically interpretable, and sensitive to regime variability. Despite significant technological progress, current research remains markedly fragmented: observational platforms often operate in isolation with limited vertical and spatial interoperability, while modeling paradigms—ranging from mechanistic chemical transport models (CTMs) to data-driven machine learning approaches—frequently trade interpretability for predictive performance and struggle to capture regime transitions across heterogeneous environments. This review provides a dual-perspective synthesis of recent advances and enduring challenges in the VOC–O3 research landscape. We first establish a typology of ground-based, airborne, and satellite-based VOC monitoring systems, evaluating their capabilities, limitations, and roles within a vertically structured sensing architecture. We then examine the evolution of O3 modeling strategies, from empirical and semi-mechanistic models to hybrid frameworks that integrate physical knowledge with algorithmic flexibility. By diagnosing the structural decoupling between observation and inference, we identify key methodological bottlenecks and advocate for a system-level redesign of the VOC–O3 research paradigm. Finally, we propose a forward-looking framework for next-generation atmospheric governance—one that fuses cross-platform sensing, regime-aware modeling, and policy-relevant diagnostics into an integrated, adaptive, and chemically robust decision-support system.
Minimal attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to DNA modified surfaces

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) exists in biological environments such as those around medical implants since prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells can undergo processes such as autolysis, necrosis, and apoptosis. For bacteria, eDNA has been shown to be involved in biofilm formation and gene transfer and acts as a nutrient source. In terms of biofilm formation, eDNA in solution has been shown to be very important in increasing attachment; however, very little is known about the role played by surface immobilized eDNA in initiating bacterial attachment and whether the nature of a DNA layer (physically adsorbed or covalently attached, and molecular weight) influences biofilm formation. In this study, the authors shed light on the role that surface attached DNA plays in the early biofilm formation by using Si wafers (Si) and allylamine plasma polymer (AAMpp) coated Si wafers to adsorb and covalently immobilize salmon sperm DNA of three different molecular weights. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen to study the bacterial interactions with these DNA functionalized surfaces. Characterization of surface chemistry and imaging of attached bacteria were performed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and epi-fluorescence microscopy. XPS results confirmed the successful grafting of DNA on the AAMpp and Si surfaces, and surprisingly the results showed that the surface attached DNA actually reduced initial bacterial attachment, which was contrary to the initial hypothesis. This adds speculation about the specific role played by DNA in the dynamics of how it influences biofilm formation, with the possibility that it could actually be used to make bacterial resistant surfaces.
Validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Russian-language version in the general population

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used tool in screening for anxiety and depression, including in the practice of medical physicians. However, a full-fledged adaptation and validation of the Russian-language version of HADS for the general Russian population have not yet been carried out. Objective. To develop, validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the HADS version adapted for the Russian population. Material and methods. The psychometric properties of HADS were assessed on a sample of 283 participants (77.4% were females, mean age 31.49 (9.066) years); the mental disorders were diagnosed during a clinical interview using the ICD-10 criteria. Results and discussion. Factor analysis confirmed the pronounced two-factor structure of HADS. High Cronbach’s alpha values for all HADS questions (α=0.90), as well as for anxiety (α=0.86) and depression (α=0.84) subscales, indicate good internal consistency of the questionnaire. By developing predictive models and using ROC analysis, the following optimal thresholds for the detection of depression, anxiety, and overall mental disorders were proposed: 9 points on the depression subscale, 10 points on the anxiety subscale, and 18 points on the general scale, respectively. Conclusion. The results indicate the validity and reliability of the Russian-language version of HADS and support its use, including in the routine practice of medical doctors for screening for symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population.
Fisheries-induced life-history changes recover in experimentally harvested fish populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Life history measurements of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after 5 generations of size-selective harvesting and 10 subsequent generations of recovery across three different size-selective treatments with two replicates. This includes data on body length, wet weight, growth, spawning probability, clutch size, fertilization rate, egg and larval measurements and supplemental figures.
Formation of future specialists research competence in the process of professional training

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of forming the research competence of future specialists is presented as a factor of readiness for effective training in the process of professional training. The definitions of the concepts "competence" and "research competence" are given, the difference between these concepts is shown, and similar points are treated. The possibilities for the formation of research competence in the process of research activity are shown. The key concepts that show the important conditions in the educational institution for the organization of the research activity of the students of education are highlighted (independence, search, initiative, experiment, practical action, a situation of uncertainty, cooperation, the presence of different points of view, contradictions). Tasks are set and ways to solve them are shown in the process of organizing research activities. Pedagogical conditions are proposed, they are scientifically substantiated, and they are laid as a basis for the methodology of the formation of research competence of education seekers in the educational process. The methodology is represented by the introduction of experimental technology of continuous pedagogical influence of teachers on the development of educational and research activities of students. Pedagogical approaches are singled out, as possible ways for the effective formation of the research competence of future specialists.
The Effect of Different Fertilization Regimes on Yield, Selected Nutrients, and Bioactive Compounds Profiles of Onion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here we report the results of a three-year replicated field trial on the effects of novel clover- and alfalfa-based fertilizer products (Ekofert® K and Ekofert® L), with the input levels equivalent to 120, 180, or 240 kg N ha−1, on the yield and selected sensory and nutritional quality parameters of onion. The study showed that Ekofert fertilizer applied at all three levels produced similar or higher yields than the standard fertilization regimes used in conventional farming in all three seasons. Significant differences in onion composition profiles between fertilization treatments were detected within individual seasons; however, due to substantial interseasonal variation, no consistent differences could be detected between (i) mineral N and Ekofert fertilizer treatments, (ii) the two different Ekofert products, and (iii) contrasting Ekofert input levels. Results demonstrate that clover- and alfalfa-based pelleted organic fertilizer products are a suitable alternative for intensive organic field vegetable production.
Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence of Pure Organic Luminogens at Room Temperature

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Phosphorescence has rarely been observed in pure organic chromophore systems at room temperature. We herein report efficient phosphorescence from the crystals of benzophenone and its derivatives with a general formula of (X-C6H4)2C - O (X = F, Cl, Br) as well as methyl 4-bromobenzoate and 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl under ambient conditions. These luminogens are all nonemissive when they are dissolved in good solvents, adsorbed on TLC plates, and doped into polymer films, because active intramolecular motions such as rotations and vibrations under these conditions effectively annihilate their triplet excitons via nonradiative relaxation channels. In the crystalline state, the intramolecular motions are restricted by the crystal lattices and intermolecular interactions, particularly C?H⋯O, N?H⋯O, C?H⋯X (X = F, Cl, Br), C?Br⋯Br?C, and C?H⋯π hydrogen bonding. The physical constraints and multiple intermolecular interactions collectively lock the conformations of the luminogen molecules. This structural rigidification effect makes the luminogens highly phosphorescent in the crystalline state at room temperature.
A Chloride Channel Model?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Miller explains in his Perspective [also see report by Malashkevich et al . ( p. 761 )] why the new pentameric coiled-coil structure of the extracellular matrix protein COMP is exciting for students of ion channels. The narrow channel created by the coils holds not only water but a chloride ion.
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluations of the Shoulders of Elite Swimmers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Shoulder pain is a common problem in competitive swimmers, but the structural alterations in elite-level competitive swimmers are not well known. Hypothesis: Adaptive changes are common in the rotator cuff, bursa, labrum, and capsule in elite swimmers, and such abnormalities are related to factors concerning training and correlate with symptoms. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study population was the 2008 United States Olympic swimming team. All athletes completed standardized scales on shoulder pain and function and provided data on their training history and history of shoulder pain or injuries. Each athlete also underwent a comprehensive physical examination of both shoulders, followed by an evaluation of the rotator cuff, biceps, and bursa using ultrasound with dynamic images to assess for subcoracoid impingement and subacromial impingement. Results: A history of shoulder pain was reported by 29 of 42 (66%) athletes. Morphological changes consistent with tendinosis were common in the biceps (33/46 shoulders; 72%) and supraspinatus/infraspinatus (44/46 shoulders; 96%). Subcoracoid impingement was seen in 17 of 46 shoulders (37%), with subacromial impingement seen in 34 of 41 shoulders (83%). There was an increased odds ratio (OR) for biceps tendinosis in older swimmers (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23-3.00; P = .004) and in swimmers who had missed a competition because of shoulder pain (OR, 9.76; 95% CI, 1.13-84.3; P = .038). There was an increased OR for rotator cuff tendinosis in swimmers who reported worse scores for pain with activities (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.78; P = .028) and in those with a positive sulcus sign (OR, 33.2; 95% CI, 3.09-355; P = .004). There was an increased OR for impingement in swimmers with a positive sulcus sign (OR, 5.40; 95% CI, 0.80-36.3; P = .083), worse pain scores (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87; P = .019), and a partial rotator cuff tear (OR, 31.2; 95% CI, 3.58-272; P = .002). Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of rotator cuff and biceps tendinopathy, which was associated with increased symptoms. Tendinosis was also more common in swimmers with a positive sulcus sign, suggesting a role for shoulder laxity.