jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comment on egusphere-2023-1147

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Atmospherically generated coastal waves labelled as meteotsunami are known to cause destruction, injury and fatality due to their rapid onset and unexpected nature. Unlike other coastal hazards such as tsunami, there exists no standardised means of quantifying this phenomenon which is crucial for understanding shoreline impacts and to enable researchers to establish a shared language and framework for meteotsunami analysis and comparison. In this study, we present a new 5-level Lewis Meteotsunami Intensity Index (LMTI) trialled in the United Kingdom (UK) but designed for global applicability. A comprehensive dataset of meteotsunami events recorded in the UK was utilised and the index's effectiveness was evaluated, with intensity level and spatial distribution of meteotsunami occurrence derived. Results revealed a predominant occurrence of Level 2 moderate intensity meteotsunamis (69 %) in the UK, with distinct hotspots identified in Southwest England and Scotland. Further trial implementation of the LMTI in a global capacity revealed its potential adaptability to other meteotsunami prone regions facilitating the comparison of events and promoting standardisation of assessment methodologies.
Development of a wide-band window in HE<inf>1,1</inf> waveguide for high power gyrotrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. is developing a broadband system to couple RF power from MW-class gyrotrons that eliminates the external matching optical unit. A critical component is a Brewster window in HE11 waveguide. This paper describes progress in fabrication and testing of the window.
SURGERY OF THE PAEDIATRIC TRANSGLOTTIC GRANULAR CELL TUMOUR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SURGERY OF PAEDIATRIC TRANSGLOTTIC GRANULAR CELL TUMOURW Ahmed, N Amin, M Wyatt, C JephsonAIMSurgical management of paediatric transglottic granular cell tumours (GCTs) and literature review. METHODSLiterature identified case reports/series only. Two clinical records were reviewed (consultations/operative procedures/histology/radiology).RESULTSReview identified paediatric GCTs that were glottic or subglottic, with no transglottic tumours. Majority of patients had endoscopic resections, with fewer requiring larygofissure approach (historic publications).We report two patients: A (6F) and B (8F) with transglottic GCTs (glottis/subglottis) presenting with cough, dysphonia and noisy breathing. Patient A had a mass involving the posterior half of right vocal fold. Patient B had a tumour extending from the right anterior commissure to arytenoid. Both had inferior subglottic extensions. Multiple staged endoscopic resections were required to debulk/excise disease. Patient A is 3 years post-treatment and B has undergone a recent laryngoscopy, both disease-free.CONCLUSIONSAbove cases are the first reported transglottic GCTs, requiring a staged surgical approach for clearance, whilst preserving laryngeal structure and function.
1,4-Bis[(N-acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-glycyl-l-alanyl)aminomethyl]benzene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound was prepared by inducing amide bond formation between 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)benzene and tripeptide Ac-Phe-Gly-Ala-OH. The structure of the synthesized compound was determined on the basis of its 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data. Furthermore, the compound's preferred structure in solution and calculated conformation are also reported.
Notes on the benthic stations sampled by the Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition (1898-1899) in southern African waters

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The South African stations of the Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition (1898–99) are reviewed, and an amended table is given for the 15 stations for which Mollusca are listed. It is demonstrated that practically all of the species ascribed to Station 81, which was positioned off Angola, consisted of mislabelled Agulhas Bank elements.
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Innate Immune Responses and Activate Antioxidant Machinery in Wheat Against Rhizoctonia solani

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phytopathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, has a wide range of host plants including members of the family Poaceae, causing damping-off and root rot diseases. In this study, we biosynthesized spherical-shaped silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs; sized between 9.92 and 19.8 nm) using saffron extract and introduced them as a potential alternative therapeutic solution to protect wheat seedlings against R. solani. SiO2 NPs showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity on R. solani, and significantly reduced mycelial radial growth (up to 100% growth reduction), mycelium fresh and dry weight, and pre-, post-emergence damping-off, and root rot severities. Moreover, the impact of SiO2 NPs on the growth of wheat seedlings and their potential mechanism (s) for disease suppression was deciphered. SiO2 NPs application also improved the germination, vegetative growth, and vigor indexes of infected wheat seedlings which indicates no phytotoxicity on treated wheat seedlings. Moreover, SiO2 NPs enhanced the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), induced the accumulation of defense-related compounds (particularly salicylic acid), and alleviated the oxidative stress via stimulation of both enzymatic (POD, SOD, APX, CAT, and PPO) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoids) antioxidant defense machinery. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the potential therapeutic role of SiO2 NPs against R. solani infection via the simultaneous activation of a multilayered defense system to suppress the pathogen, neutralize the destructive effect of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and methylglyoxal, and maintain their homeostasis within R. solani-infected plants.
Rapid characterisation and classification of automotive clear coats by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterise the clear coats from a collection of automotive paint samples representing 130 vehicles, encompassing a range of Australian and international vehicle manufacturers. Principal component analysis revealed nine distinct classes, which were associated with the country of vehicle manufacture. Further statistical analysis identified variations in the samples from Australian and Japanese vehicles, which ultimately provided information regarding the manufacturer. Linear discriminant analysis gave excellent differentiation between the classes, with 100% of the calibration and test set samples being correctly classified. This ability to rapidly provide information concerning the vehicle origin and manufacturer will facilitate the procuring of investigative leads from questioned paint samples located at crime scenes. Although presented here in an Australian context, the strategy employed is universal and by extension could be utilised in other jurisdictions if they were to generate statistically significant data sets.
A VoIP System for Mobility Voice Security Support Using the VPN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

VoIP provided voice service using Internet. It is receiving footlights when it escapes an initial curiosity. Interest to VoIP became larger, because it can transfer existing phone service and deliver voice data through internet technology. Communication service providers introduce Next Generation Network and Broadband convergence Network with VoIP as an added service to the consumer. Moreover, a provision and activation for VoIP service were also regulated by law. Today, SIP standard (The signalring protocol for the Internet phone service) raises to be the standard technique because the expandability is high and complexity is low. It is widely investigated and actively advocated to use Signal ring protocol for SIP in VoIP service. SIP service can be applied even outside the Internet phone service; instance messaging and various multimedia technology are just an example. However, it is needed to ensure secret of VoIP call in a special situation. It is relatively difficult to eaves-drop the commonly used PSTN in that it is connected with 1:1 circuit. However, it is difficult to ensure the secret of call on Internet because many users can connect to the Internet at the same time. Therefore, this paper suggests a new model of Internet telephone for eavesdrop prevention enabling VoIP(using SIP protocol) to use the VPN protocol and establish the probability of practical use comparing it with Internet telephone.
Changing Rules of Evidence in the Federal Courts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At common law,' interested witnessesl were not permitted to testify in their own behalf in civil or criminal4 cases.Spouses, for additional reasons of policy, 5 were held incompetent to testify either for or against each other 6 Prior to statutory modifications of these common law rules of competency 7 there was unani-I Prior to the development of the modem jury trial, questions of competency of witnesses did not arise since the jury found a verdict of their own knowledge.For the development of the jury, see Hinton, Cases on Evidence (2d ed.193), c. i, § 1; I Wigmore, Evidence (2d ed.1923), 985; 9 Holdsworth, History of English Law (1926), 178-185. 2 The interest disqualification was based on the theory that interested persons were biased and hence not credible; also the courts were unwilling to subject the interested witness to the temptation to commit perjury.New Arcade v. Owens, 258 Fed.
Bone fluid poroelasticity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this work is to describe the specific physical and modeling considerations that make poroelasticity an effective and useful model for deformation-driven bone fluid movement in bone tissue. The application of poroelasticity to bone differs from its application to soft tissues in two important ways. First, the deformations of bone are small while those of soft tissues are generally large. Second, the bulk compressibility of the mineralized bone matrix is about six times stiffer than that of the fluid in the pores while the bulk compressibilities of the soft tissue matrix and the pore water are almost the same. Bone fluid poroelasticity is similar to rock poroelasticity, particularly to that of granites and marble, in terms of the values of material parameters. A two-porosity poroelasticity is described here to answer a number of questions concerning bone mineralization and the bone mechanosensory system.
Open Access to and Reuse of Research Data - The State of the Art in Finland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Yhteiskuntatieteellisen tietoarkiston julkaisuja [Finnish Social Science Data Archive], 7 (2008)\n\nIn 2004, Ministers of science and technology of the OECD countries adopted a Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding. In this declaration, they recognised the importance of access to research data and invited the OECD to develop a set of guidelines based on commonly agreed principles to facilitate optimal cost-eff ective access to digital research data from public funding. Th is request was taken up by OECD’s Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy, which launched a project by asking a group of experts to develop a set of principles and guidelines. Next, the developed principles and guidelines were submitted to an extensive consultation process, aft er which they were approved by the OECD’s Committee for Scientifi c and Technological Policy in October 2006, attached to an OECD Recommendation, and endorsed by the OECD Council in December 2006.\n\nIn 2006, the Ministry of Education in Finland allocated resources to the Finnish Social Science Data Archive (FSD) to chart national and international practices related to open access to research data. Consequently, the FSD carried out an online survey targeting professors of human sciences, social sciences and behavioural sciences in Finnish universities. Some respondents were senior staff at research institutes. Th e respondents were asked about the state and use of data collected in their department/institute. Almost half of the respondents considered the preservation and use of digital research data to be relevant to their department. Th e number of respondents (150) is large enough to warrant statistical analysis even though response rate was low at 28%.\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
Novel Epigenetic Clock for Fetal Brain Development Predicts Fetal Epigenetic Age for iPSCs and iPSC-Derived Neurons.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiated neurons (iPSC-neurons) are a widely used cellular model in the research of the central nervous system. However, it is unknown how well they capture age-associated processes, particularly given that pluripotent cells are only present during the early stages of mammalian development. Epigenetic clocks utilize coordinated age-associated changes in DNA methylation to make predictions that correlate strongly with chronological age, and is has been shown that the induction of pluripotency rejuvenates predicted epigenetic age. As existing clocks are not optimized for the study of brain development, to investigate more precisely the epigenetic age of iPSCs and iPSC-neurons, here, we establish the fetal brain clock (FBC), a bespoke epigenetic clock trained in prenatal neurodevelopmental samples. Our data show that the FBC outperforms other established epigenetic clocks in predicting the age of fetal brain samples. We then applied the FBC to DNA methylation data of cellular datasets that have profiled iPSCs and iPSC-derived neuronal precursor cells and neurons and find that these cell types are characterized by a fetal epigenetic age. Furthermore, while differentiation from iPSCs to neurons significantly increases the epigenetic age, iPSC-neurons are still predicted as having fetal epigenetic age. Together our findings reiterate the need for better understanding of the limitations of existing epigenetic clocks for answering biological research questions and highlight a potential limitation of iPSC-neurons as a cellular model for the research of age-related diseases as they might not fully recapitulate an aged phenotype.
Micro-ethical Moments as a Part of Involving Children in Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Involving children in a participatory research design entails certain ethical challenges that require the researcher to consider how to respond and act ‘right here and right now’. All child and childhood researchers are familiar with their obligation to inform and obtain consent from parents and teachers, before involving children in research. However, even with the signed consent, the research can easily take another direction than first planned. This study explored how involving children in research forces ethical dilemmas in-situ which require a ‘right here and right now’ response from the researcher. Data from this study were gathered through the multi-method mosaic approach. Originally, this study focused on children’s learning paths as they transition from pre-school to primary school, however, when analysing the transcribed and coded data through a constructivist grounded theory, we revealed micro-ethical moments where the research repeatedly took another direction than first planned. Thus, the research topic changed focus. Based on the analysis of interview transcripts, two types of ethical considerations emerged as important when involving children in research: (1) researchers’ response in-situ when micro-ethical moments occur (2) continuing the data collection when the research topic is changing. Considering this, the results point to a need for reframing the research design which includes what we have termed ‘ethical sensitivity’ when it comes to processual aspects of data generation. The process may entail arising ethical dilemmas, which in turn may influence how the children participate in the research and the generated data.
Micro-lending in the Philippines : the case for a pilot project

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This Precis entitled, Micro-lending in the Philippines : the case for a pilot project, complements the Bank's Operations and Evaluation Department (OED), Performance audit report, Philippines : Cottage enterprise finance project, Report No. 15834, dated July 24, 1996. New approaches to micro-lending should be tested through pilot projects before being introduced on a large scale. According the audit the project was unsuccessful, but it did provide valuable lessons for the rapidly growing practice of micro-lending in developing countries.
MovieChat+: Question-aware Sparse Memory for Long Video Question Answering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, integrating video foundation models and large language models to build a video understanding system can overcome the limitations of specific pre-defined vision tasks. Yet, existing methods either employ complex spatial-temporal modules or rely heavily on additional perception models to extract temporal features for video understanding, and they only perform well on short videos. For long videos, the computational complexity and memory costs associated with long-term temporal connections are significantly increased, posing additional challenges.Taking advantage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model, with tokens in Transformers being employed as the carriers of memory in combination with our specially designed memory mechanism, we propose MovieChat to overcome these challenges. We lift pre-trained multi-modal large language models for understanding long videos without incorporating additional trainable temporal modules, employing a zero-shot approach. MovieChat achieves state-of-the-art performance in long video understanding, along with the released MovieChat-1K benchmark with 1K long video, 2K temporal grounding labels, and 14K manual annotations for validation of the effectiveness of our method. The code along with the dataset can be accessed via the following https://github.com/rese1f/MovieChat.
A Modular Steel Gravity Foundation (MSGF) for TLP Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) Tendon

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In general, Tension Leg Platform (TLP) demonstrates exceptional dynamic behavior with very low displacements and almost no vertical / rotational motions. Its lightweight structure and simple geometry lend themselves to simplifying fabrication / integration processes and competitive Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) levels. Furthermore, the much smaller footprint of TLP mooring compared to other alternatives like Semis or Spars allows for better accommodation for fishing and shipping lanes. However, the major cost driver for the TLP as an option of foundation system for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) is the cost of tendon systems and its installation, including the tendon foundation. The TLP with simplified installation method of Modular Steel Gravity Foundation (MSGF) and Tendon presented in this paper will make the TLP option much more competitive and reduce the overall LCOE. The MSGF as TLP FOWT Tendon foundation is an innovative method of installing the traditional gravity base foundation. The proposed modular solution offers a simple, noiseless, and environmentally friendly installation process. It requires a simple decommissioning process without the need to mobilize a high day-rate installation vessel. It is suitable for all types of seabed soil conditions since the design can be adjusted to suit any support ground condition, and its components can be sized and designed within the handling capacity of locally available installation vessels. The above uniqueness of the MSGF foundation option results in a significant reduction in the installation schedule and cost of a FOWT. This paper contains the MSGF configuration and sizing for TLP with pontoon Extension (ETLP) tendon for the US west coast 15MW FOWT, including the design load conditions and design loads. It also provides details of foundation modules and the sequences of module fabrications, transportation, and installation. Additionally, this paper includes the execution plan for foundation installation, addressing the local supply chain and logistics, as well as providing a high-level cost estimate. This study finds that the MSGF option for ETLP FOWT reduces the foundation component level LCOE significantly compared to the traditional pile foundation.
Marriage and Divorce Trajectories of Men and Women with Histories of Eating Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eating disorders (ED) can have lasting effects on individual health and wellbeing. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between ED subtype and treatment on marital trajectories. The data was derived from the Utah Population Database, and the analytic sample comprised of 3196 persons previously diagnosed with an ED (between years 1995-2015) in the state of Utah, including 2,917 females and 279 males. We compared time to first marriage and time to first divorce by ED subtype (bulimia nervosa [BN], anorexia nervosa [AN], and ED not otherwise specified [EDNOS]), BMI category (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese), and ED-related treatment, using Cox-proportional hazard regression. Results suggested underweight BMI (relative to normal weight BMI) (Hazard Rate Ratio [HRR]=0.71, p&lt;0.01), and having higher overall ED-related hospitalizations or outpatient visits was associated with later-age at first marriage (HRR=0.24 &amp; HRR=0.25 respectively, p&lt;0.001). Results indicated that BN (relative to AN) (HRR=2.16, p&lt;0.01) and being underweight (relative to normal weight) (HRR=1.79, p&lt;0.05) were associated with earlier-age at first divorce. Clinicians should consider relationship-based therapies for ED patients, particularly those with histories of BN.
A Neighborhood Foreseen: Identifying Social Capital On Congo Street

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The small Southeast Dallas community of Congo Street is not only unique because of its location within Jubilee Park neighborhood, but rather, it is a place where a group of five homeowners made history by cooperatively revitalizing their community with the assistance of the Building Community Workshop. Ongoing community redevelopment reveals that the homeowners are learning to use their social capital to mobilize within and throughout their community and neighborhood. The initial focus of the study aimed to discover how Congo Street residents use social capital to accept or reject community revitalization goals set by the Building Community Workshop and the Jubilee Park and Community Center. To obtain evidence, stakeholders directly connected to the community were randomly selected, recruited, and interviewed. Qualitative research tools, included: face-to-face interviews, passive observations, and direct participation were then used to acquire data. Results from the study suggest there are two very distinct social networks within the community. When the two networks amalgamate, a third network is created. The third network is important in that it illustrates residents' willingness to cooperate in civic engagement activities, which ultimately helps to buttress the social capital process within their community.