jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cost escalation in nuclear power

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This report is concerned with the escalation of capital costs of nuclear central station power plants between the early 1960s and the present. The report presents an historical overview of the development of the nuclear power industry and cost escalation in the industry, using existing data on orders and capital costs. New data are presented on regulatory delays in the licensing process, derived from a concurrent study being carried on in the Social Science group at Caltech. The conclusions of the study are that nuclear capital costs have escalated more rapidly than the GNP deflator or the construction industry price index. Prior to 1970, cost increases are related to bottleneck problems in the nuclear construction and supplying industries and the regulatory process; intervenors play only a minor role in cost escalation. After 1970, generic changes introduced into the licensing process by intervenors (including environmental impact reviews, antitrust reviews, more stringent safety standards) dominate the cost escalation picture, with bottlenecks of secondary importance. Recent increases in the time from application for a construction permit to commercial operation are related not only to intervenor actions, but also to suspensions, cancellations or postponements of construction by utilities due to unfavorable demand or financing conditions.
Effect of nutrition on wound healing in older people: a case study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Wound healing requires an increase in the energy intake of the patient due to an increase in metabolic demand. Nutrition plays a vital role in the wound healing process, as various nutrients have specific functions related to wound healing. Adequate nutrition is required to maintain healthy skin integrity, and malnourished patients often experience delayed wound healing as a result of this. Additionally, older people may have difficulty meeting their nutritional requirements owing to a diminished dietary intake. Effective management of malnourished patients with wounds depends on accurate early diagnosis and treatment. This short case study critically analyses the care that was provided in one NHS trust to a malnourished older patient with a wound. Recommendations for improving practice include early identification of malnourished patients, early referral for dietetic assessment and tissue viability intervention, and education for health professionals.
Mine Surface Settlement Prediction Based on Optimized VMD and Multi-Model Combination

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The accurate prediction of mining area surface deformation is essential to preventing large-scale coal mining-related surface collapse and ensure safety and daily life continuity. Monitoring subsidence in mining areas is challenged by environmental interference, causing data noise. This paper employs the Sparrow Search Algorithm, which integrates Sine Cosine and Cauchy mutation (SCSSA), to optimize variational mode decomposition (VMD) and combine multi-models for prediction. Firstly, SCSSA is employed to adaptively determine the parameters of VMD using envelope entropy as the fitness value. Subsequently, the VMD method optimized using SCSSA adaptively decomposes the original mining area subsidence data sequence into various sub-sequences. Then, SCSSA-VMD is applied to adaptively decompose the original mining subsidence data sequence into multiple sub-sequences. Meanwhile, using sample entropy, the sub-sequences are categorized into trend sequences and fluctuation sequences, and different models are employed to predict sub-sequences at different frequencies. Finally, the prediction results from different sub-sequences are integrated to obtain the final prediction of mining area subsidence. To validate the predictive performance of the established model, experiments are conducted using GNSS monitoring data from the 110801 working face of Banji Coal Mine in Bozhou. The results demonstrate the following: (1) The hybrid model enhanced the prediction accuracy and trends by decomposing the data and optimizing the parameters with VMD. It outperformed single models, reducing errors and improving predictive trends. (2) The hybrid model significantly improved the prediction accuracy for subsidence data at work surface monitoring stations. It is particularly effective at critical subsidence points, making it a valuable reference for safety in mining operations.
Ben Jonson's censure on Shakspeare

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Ben Jonson's censure on Shakspeare Get access C. M. I. C. M. I. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-V, Issue 117, 25 March 1882, Page 224, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-V.117.224-a Published: 25 March 1882
New desiccation-tolerant plants, including a grass, in the central highlands of Mexico, accumulate trehalose

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A grass endemic to Mexico, Sporobolus atrovirens , was identified for the first time as a desiccation-tolerant resurrection plant. Nine species of desiccation-tolerant vascular plants were found in the highland area of Mexico, including four species of ferns ( Cheilanthes and Pellaea species) and three species of Selaginella . Two other grasses collected were known desiccation-tolerant species distributed from South America (Cordoba) to North America (Georgia). The ferns Ch. bonariensis , Ch. integerrima , Ch. myriophylla and P. sagittata are newly reported as desiccation-tolerant plants. The osmoprotectant trehalose which has been recorded as rare in plants was found in air-dry foliage of representative species of widely different taxa (9–291 µM g–1 dry weight). The flora of desiccation-tolerant species in Mexico is discussed in connection with its ability to accumulate trehalose.
Jacquard pattern optimizing in weft knitted fabrics via interactive genetic algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A genetic algorithm is a method to respond to troubles that are indissoluble by common methods and must be utilized to try and fault method. It is difficult to appraise all of responses if there are many answers. Algorithm genetic can contain a large vast of responses and find the best of them by receiving feedbacks from problems. Several designs with different colors can be done in weft knitted Jacquard designing system. However, many patterns might not have enough attractiveness and beauty. The choice of interesting and stylish patterns of the huge set of designs according to customer judgment is difficult. An interactive genetic algorithm that received necessary feedbacks from the user, can be used in design optimization and choosing ideal patterns. In this paper a software has been constructed to optimize jacquard pattern in weft knitted fabrics based on interactive genetic algorithm.
Efficiency of prenatal counselling for sickle cell disease in Guadeloupe.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As in most caribbean countries, Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a major public health problem in Guadeloupe. A prenatal counselling program was developed, at an early stage of pregnancy, for at-risk couples. Over a 6 year period, 144 couples at-risk of having a child with homozygous sickle cell (SS: n = 103) or sickle cell C disease (SC: n = 41) were seen for prenatal counselling. Among those belonging to the SS risk group, 64 (62%) underwent prenatal diagnosis (PND), which allowed identification of 27 SS fetuses, with an induced abortion rate of 70%. Among those of the SC risk group, 14 (34%) accepted PND and the diagnosis of SC was made in 5 cases with an induced abortion rate of 60%. Factors, appeared to play a role in seeking PND and induced abortion, were the type of risk (SS or SC), multiparity, existence of affected child in the family and gestational age at the time of counselling. Our experience reveals that, an early prospective identification of at-risk couples combined with education to increase the awareness of the problem at the individual and population level need to be achieved to further improve the efficiency of our prevention program.
Research in Testing of Loess Foundation Pile Hysteretic Property under Horizontal Cyclic Load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, by the large scale model test of pile-soil in remodeling loess foundation, authors research the basic discipline of pile-soil interaction plastic hysteretic property of pile foundation in loess area under horizontal cyclic load and obtain hysteretic curves, skeleton curves and relationship between equivalent viscous damping coefficient and displacement under pile-soil interaction. The paper also discusses the intensity components, plastic and other energy and equivalent viscous damping coefficient cycles occur with varying degrees of degradation of the variation.
Improved Automated Essay Grading System Via Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to evaluate students' total skills, educators repeatedly utilize questions based on free text to evaluate students' total skills. Yet, when correction is done manually errors occur in addition to long time periods used, hard work, high costs and different opinions as to how to correct papers, a single paper is corrected by multiple people to avoid partiality. Thus, the smart system for automatic grading can solve the problem. Here, we present a very advanced system for grading essays automatically. This is based on Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning technologies. Thus, we need a system to automatically grade essays with low costs, less time and more accurate scores. We need thus an inelegant system for correcting essay questions on an automatic basis. We introduced a method which encodes essays in the form of sequential embeddings. We then use a long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) working in two directions in order to register semantic information. This method also focuses concentration on each essay in order to be taught how to focus on those materials which are authentic in articles. We can also thus get a good proof of the result of prediction. This BI LSTM may be utilized also to produce neural networks which have the sequence information in the two directions: from the future to the past (backwards) or vice versa, which is called Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BI-LSTM) (past to future). In order to train and test, we utilized the popular set of essays presented in the Automated Student Assessment Prize by Kaggle. The smart system used for automatic grading, in our research, predicts grades in an up-to-date manner. Moreover, the smart system for autograding we have proposed has the ability to highlight important words and sentences, evaluate the logical relationships in meaning in a sentence and gives us in advance grades that can be explained.
From a Sovereign State to a Union Territory: A History of the Constitutional Erosion in Kashmir

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The unilateral abrogation of Article 370 on August 5, 2019, by the Government of India signalled the culmination of the constitutional erosion in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K). This move, now endorsed by the Indian Supreme Court, prompts a retrospective glance at the State’s gradual loss of sovereignty since its signing of the Instrument of Accession with the Dominion of India in 1947. Unlike other States, J&K retained sovereignty, delegating legislative power exclusively for defence, external affairs, and communication to the Indian Dominion legislature. This article endeavours to delineate J&K’s distinct status, meticulously tracing the erosion of its semi-autonomous position post the dissolution of its Constituent Assembly in 1957. Through a critical analysis of the Instrument of Accession, Article 370’s role in codifying the terms of accession, pivotal judgments from the Supreme Court and the J&K High Court, and other pertinent documents, it sheds light on the gradual dismantling of J&K’s unique constitutional position within India’s framework.
Perceptions on the role of practical and simulated learning in promoting successful entrepreneurship

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Practical work-based learning (WBL) or simulated learning has been widely recognized as essential for developing desirable cognitive and behavioral qualities among university learners. Despite this recognition, most practical and simulated learning experiences have been directed to facilitate learners’ employability rather than to promote entrepreneurship. The study aimed to examine the perception of students on the usage of WBL to foster entrepreneurial intention at higher education institutions in South Africa. The study employed mixed research methods. The results show that opportunity recognition, desire to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities, increasing knowledge and skills, desire to be involved in starting a business, desire to own or manage a new business, desire to own or manage an old business, attitude towards entrepreneurship, motivation to be an entrepreneur, and fascination with entrepreneurship were key impacts of WBL among entrepreneurship students. Friedman test was carried out to compare the mean ranks of the nine impacts and test whether there were any significant differences in agreeableness to their impact. The test result was significant, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.023 indicated no significant differences among the nine impact factors, which are not different in their strength as a key result of WBL. The study recommends the adoption of WBL strategies in entrepreneurial programs at universities.
Production of l -Arginine by Arginine Hydroxamate-Resistant Mutants of Bacillus subtilis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

l -Arginine hydroxamate inhibited the growth of various bacteria, and the inhibition was readily reversed by arginine. l -Arginine hydroxamate (10 −3 m ) completely inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis . This inhibitory effect was prevented by 2.5 × 10 −4 m l -arginine, which was the most effective of all the natural amino acids in reversing the inhibition. l -Arginine hydroxamate-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis were isolated and found to excrete l -arginine in relatively high yields. One of the mutants, strain AHr-5, produced 4.5 mg of l -arginine per ml in shaken culture in 3 days.
Characterizing the in-vitro morphology and growth kinetics of intermediate amyloid aggregates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms linking deposits of insoluble fibrils of amyloid proteins to the debilitating neuronal cell death characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases remain enigmatic. Recent findings suggest that transiently formed intermediate aggregates, and not the prominent neuronal plaques, represent the principal toxic agent. Evaluating the neurotoxicity of intermediate aggregates, however, requires unambiguous characterization of all aggregate structures present, their relative distributions, and how they evolve in time. Hen-egg white lysozyme represents an attractive model for studying intermediate aggregate formation since it is an extensively characterized globular protein, and its human variants can lead to systemic amyloidosis. Combining in-situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) with atomic force microscopy (AFM), we have characterized the morphologies and growth kinetics of intermediate aggregates formed during lysozyme fibrillogenesis. Upon incubation at elevated temperatures, small uniform oligomers form with their numbers increasing for several hours. After a variable lag period protofibrils spontaneously nucleate. The heights and widths of protofibrils closely match those of oligomers. This match in physical dimensions, combined with the delayed onset of protofibril nucleation vs. the continuous iv formation of oligomers, suggest that protofibrils both nucleate and grow from oligomers. Protofibril morphologies and structures, visualized with AFM, are quite distinct from subsequently emerging mature fibrils. Overall, the evolution of aggregate morphologies during lysozyme fibrillogenesis follows a clear hierarchical pathway: amyloid monomers initially coalesce into oligomers of uniform size. Their steadily increasing numbers eventually induce nucleation and growth of protofibrils. Protofibrils, in turn, nucleate and grow via oligomer addition until they start to self-assemble into micron-sized doublestranded fibrils.
Signatures of anisotropic diffusion around PeVatrons in 100 TeV gamma-ray data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Tibet AS$\\gamma$ collaboration has reported a diffuse $\\gamma$-ray\nemission signal from the Galactic Plane. We consider the possibility that the\ndiffuse emission from the outer Galactic Plane at the highest energies is\nproduced by cosmic rays spreading from a single supernova-type source either in\nthe Local or Perseus arm of the Milky Way. We show that anisotropic diffusion\nof multi-PeV cosmic rays along the Galactic magnetic field can produce an\nextended source spanning ten(s) of degrees on the sky, with a\nflux-per-unit-solid-angle consistent with Tibet AS$\\gamma$ measurements.\nObservations of this new type of very extended sources, and measurements of\ntheir morphologies, can be used to characterize the anisotropic diffusion of\nPeV cosmic rays in the Galactic magnetic field, and to constrain the locations\nand properties of past PeVatrons.\n
Phonological development in children with different lexical skills

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate phonological competences and their correlations with lexical abilities in 2-year-old Italian-speaking children. Eighty-eight children (46 females) aged 25–32 months participated in the study. From the total sample, three subgroups of children with different lexical skills were extracted to identify phonological characteristics of low, typical and precocious talkers. The results provide a description of the children’s production in terms of consonant and correct consonant inventories; simplified and unintelligible words; and simplification processes. The percentage of unintelligible productions and the number of correct consonants show greater correlations with lexical competence. Children with low vocabulary differ significantly from the other two groups in the percentage of unintelligible words and in consonant inventories. Children with advanced vocabulary show significantly less simplification processes than the other two groups. In addition to describing phonological characteristics in a large sample of young Italian children, this study allows us to identify potential phonological markers of late linguistic development
Endline report – India, Shivi Development Society MFS II country evaluations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report presents the findings of the endline of the evaluation of the organisational capacity component of the MFS II country evaluations. The focus of this report is India, Shivi Development Society. The format is based on the requirements by the synthesis team and NWO/WOTRO. The endline was carried out in 2014. The baseline was carried out in 2012.
Lectures de Montaigne

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dans ce livre qui veut corriger les torts faits au texte de Montaigne par l'ensemble \ de la critique ancienne et actuelle, Jules Brody replace les Essais à l'intérieur | d'une expérience fondamentale du désordre de la lecture.Ce désordre, auquel se ; conforme Montaigne, si l'on peut dire, exige que nous abandonnions pour un ; moment notre esprit de système et que nous faisions preuve d'une grande ouver- i ture sur le plan méthodologique.Il faut donc attendre du lecteur une part étonnante | de tolérance et de patience, car, au lieu de recourir au contenu systématique pour ; expliquer la démarche àts Essais, le critique restore toute la difficulté du texte, j l'énorme problème de sa lecture."Montaigne n'est pas de ces penseurs qui ; proposent des vérités; c'est plutôt un artiste qui expose, qui découvre et révèle au \ niveau du langage des nuances et des secrets le plus souvent offusqués et obscurcis < par la pensée systématique" (p.35).j L'étude que nous propose Jules Brody s' inscrit donc, d'une façon méticuleuse et ; acharnée, contre les forces qui tendent à assimiler l'oeuvre de Montaigne à son | contenu idéologique.Elle suggère plutôt, sous divers modes, une analyse plus I respectueuse du travail de Montaigne sur le langage et surtout du déni farouche de i l'ordre dans cette oeuvre.Ce postulat ne veut nullement dire que le critique doit i s'abstenir d'intervenir dans le texte à l'étude.Bien au contraire, les "lectures" de \ Montaigne par Brody sont toutes faites d'interventions qui dérangent légèrement | le texte en y faisant surgir, ne serait-ce que par le trait de l'italique, une continuité !
Boöverlevnad hos strandängshäckande vadare: den relativa betydelsen av predation och trampskador av betesdjur

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nest survival among eight wader species Charadrii in relation to densities of grazing livestock (0–2 livestock/day/ha) was investigated on Öland, southeastern Sweden in 2004. When analysing a pooled data set of 173 nests, nest survival was not related to densities of livestock. Only six nests were destroyed from trampling by livestock and the estimated trampling risk of nests was low. Another analysis of 122 nests produced significantly negative relationships between nest survival and initiation of incubation. Nests were depredated more often later in the season. Nest survival was not related to livestock density or to vegetation height at nests. Mayfield estimates of hatching success were 2–21% for four of the different wader species. The highest hatching success was found in Lapwing Vanellus vanellus (21%) and Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula (20%), and the lowest in Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus (2%), while Redshank Tringa totanus had intermediate hatching success (11%). This study indicates that, at current grazing management, predation has a higher relative impact on nest survival of waders breeding on coastal meadows compared to direct and indirect effects of grazing animals.
Automated Sleep Staging via Parallel Frequency-Cut Attention

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel framework for automatically capturing the time-frequency nature of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of human sleep based on the authoritative sleep medicine guidance. The framework consists of two parts: the first part extracts informative features by partitioning the input EEG spectrograms into a sequence of time-frequency patches. The second part is constituted by an attention-based architecture to efficiently search for the correlation between partitioned time-frequency patches and defining factors of sleep stages in parallel. The proposed pipeline is validated on the Sleep Heart Health Study dataset with new state-of-the-art results for the stages wake, N2, and N3, obtaining respective F1 scores of 0.93, 0.88, and 0.87, with only EEG signals used. The proposed method also has a high inter-rater reliability of 0.80 kappa. We also visualize the correspondence between sleep staging decisions and features extracted by the proposed method, providing strong interpretability for our model.
Surface resistance imaging with a scanning near-field microwave microscope

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe near-field imaging of sample sheet resistance via frequency shifts in a resonant coaxial scanning microwave microscope. The frequency shifts are related to local sample properties, such as surface resistance and dielectric constant. We use a feedback circuit to track a given resonant frequency, allowing measurements with a sensitivity to frequency shifts as small as two parts in 106 for a 30 ms sampling time. The frequency shifts can be converted to sheet resistance based on a simple model of the system.