jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A preliminary investigation of presenteeism and cognitive preferences among head nurses: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Individual health is essential for productivity at work. However, presenteeism, which is defined as attending work while ill, is common. Nursing is a profession with a high incidence of presenteeism, leading to diverse negative outcomes. Considering the unique and significant role of head nurses and the influence of cognitive factors on presenteeism, the current study aimed to investigate the incidence of presenteeism among head nurses, their cognitive preference towards presenteeism, and the association between the two.This preliminary investigation was a cross-sectional study conducted from July to August 2022. Participants were 233 head nurses recruited via convenience sampling from six hospitals located in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. The Nurse Presenteeism Questionniare (NPQ) and an original cognitive preference questionnaire were used to measure head nurses' experience of presenteeism and cognitive preference towards presenteeism. Descriptive statistics and sample t-tests were performed for data analysis.In the past six months, 96.6% of the head nurses exhibited signs of presenteeism. The specific symptoms were discomfort in the lower back, dizziness or headache, cold (e.g., stuffy nose or cough), abdominal pain (including menstrual pain), and whole-body fatigue or discomfort. 95.7% of head nurses' anticipation preference toward presenteeism inclined to rest at home; additionally, more than 80% of the head nurses considered presenteeism detrimental to both individuals and organizations. Further, 63.9% of the head nurses were inclined toward conduct discouragement in the face of subordinates' presenteeism. There was no significant difference in presenteeism between head nurses with various anticipation preferences (p > 0.05) and benefit preferences (p > 0.05). However, the differences in presenteeism among head nurses with various management preferences were significant (t = 2.60, p = 0.01). Specifically, head nurses who favored encouraging subordinate presenteeism had higher presenteeism scores compared to those who discouraged it.Presenteeism among head nurses remains a universal workplace phenomenon. There was inconsistency among head nurses' anticipation preferences, benefit preferences, and presenteeism. However, there was consistency between head nurses' management preferences and presenteeism.
The Ex Post Facto Clause

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This volume provides the first book-length, modern-era examination of the Ex Post Facto Clause, contained in Article I sections 9 and 10 of the US Constitution, focusing upon its history and role in tempering the penal populism of American legislatures. As one of the few rights specified in the body of the Constitution itself, the clause was intended, as James Madison put it, to serve as a “bulwark” against the tendency of legislatures to enact retroactive laws increasing or imposing new burdens on disdained individuals. For the first several decades of the nation’s history, the Supreme Court enforced the clause with vigor, for instance, invalidating retroactive laws enacted after the Civil War targeting supporters of the Confederacy. Today, however, the clause is a hollowed-out shell of its former self, at once reflecting and enabling the nation’s shift toward politically popular tough-on-crime policies. The book chronicles this evolution and provides a blueprint for how the Ex Post Facto Clause can be restored to its rightful place as a bulwark against the punitive impulses of modern-day legislators, whether state or federal.
In vitro Demonstration of Roles of Liver played in Blood Sugar Homeostasis and of Hormonal Factors influencing upon Liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The roles of liver, the main source of blood sugar, and some endocrine factors played in blood sugar homeostasis were studied in vitro experimentation.1) Prior to the experimentation with rat liver slices, the optimal conditions were examined for the glucose output of the liver slices.2) There was observed a definite concentration gradient between the intracellular and extracellular sugar concentration of the liver. The sugar's transport among inside and outside liver cells was so controlled as to maintain the concentration gradient.3) The insulin seemed to increase the sugar's inflow, whereas the L-epinephrine, glucagon and thyroid hormone did the outflow.4) The alloxan-diabetic liver slices were always at the state where the outflow of sugar was accelerated.5) The liver slices' glucose output was promoted in the serum from normal fasted human subjects, while inhibited in the serum from a man with the glucose infused.6) For the mentioned above, the elaboration and mechanism were discussed.
Inducing moulting in organic hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This leaflet explains the natural process of moulting and why laying hens should go through moulting, discussing economic advantages and improved animal ethics. The process of artificially inducing moulting is explained in detail, by day. It addresses some common questions or problems one could encounter and how to overcome them. This leaflet targets organic chicken farmers and farm advisors in the German-speaking countries.
Agricultural Information Dissemination to Soybean Farmers in Niger State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated agricultural information dissemination to soybean farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: identify the types and the extent to which agricultural information is disseminated to soybean farmers in Niger state. It also aims to establish the relationship between dissemination of agricultural information and quality of life of farmers. Descriptive survey and multistage sampling technique was used for the study. In the first stage, purposive sampling technique was used to select three Local Government Areas under the Niger State Agricultural and Mechanization Development Authority (NAMDA). In the second stage, stratification of the three Local Government Areas into four extension blocks was carried out. In the third stage, a random selection of respondents from the four blocks in proportionate to size was done. Questionnaire was the instrument used for the collection of data. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that some types of agricultural information were sufficiently disseminated while others need improvement in dissemination efforts. The study also showed that farmers commonly received information from interpersonal sources. Moreover, agricultural information dissemination was found to bear direct relationship with quality of life of soybean farmers (β=.660, R2 =.740, p<.05). The study therefore recommended that agricultural information disseminators (particularly state agencies), should disseminate more information on post-harvest activities as this may translate into high income generation and consequently, improve the quality of life of soybean farmers.Keywords:, Agricultural Information, Agricultural Information dissemination, Quality of life, Soybean Farmers.
Beneath Still Waters: An Exploration of Transmedia Narratives and Twitter Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Beneath Still Waters is an original transmedia mystery narrative that explores the possibilities of an interconnected media landscape as a unique platform for creative use and audience engagement. Transmedia storytelling refers to the building of a fictional world comprised of multiple parts across different platforms, where each component makes a valuable contribution to the whole. This project uses the tools and strategies of social media to tell a complex and interactive multi-platform story.
Optimal Taxation in a Federal System of Governments

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper demonstrates that the optimal structure of taxation in a federal system of governments is one in which only lower level governments are allowed to tax, and the higher level of government receives its revenues as contributions from the lower level governments. The central inefficiency created when multiple levels are allowed to tax is a revenue externality between governments that is analogous to a common pool problem. A federal system with multiple levels of taxing authority results in combined tax rates higher than would be optimal, a higher excess burden of taxation, and an inefficiency bias in government spending. Within a federal system of governments there are several ways to allocate the power of taxation to provide revenues for all levels of government. The current structure in the United States (U.S.) gives federal, state, and local governments the power to tax individual citizens. Commonly there are more than three levels of taxing authority if special districts are included. The current literature on optimal taxation contains little consideration of how the power of taxation should be allocated in a federal system, and instead concentrates on the best way for a single government to raise revenue across its tax instruments. This issue is also directly relevant to whether international organizations, such as the United Nations (U.N.) or European Union should have the power of taxation. This paper demonstrates that allowing multiple levels of government the power of taxation creates a common pool problem, with the result being that the combined tax rates of all governments are higher than would be optimal. The central idea is that a change in the tax rate of one level of government affects the revenues of other levels of government, resulting in an intergovernmental revenue externality. The adverse effects of allowing multiple levels of government the power of taxation are an increase in the deadweight loss of taxation, an inefficiency bias in government spending, and possibly lower total tax revenue. After showing these results, I discuss alternative taxing institutions to internalize the externality. In this paper I argue that the system where only states have the power of taxation, and the federal government is financed through a system of contributions from the state governments, is the strictly preferred system of taxation in a federal system of governments. The feasibility of this solution is discussed within the context of the fiscal system that was present
ATP synthesis depends in thylakoids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Yvette, France Received 4 March 1983; revision received 25 March 1983 In thylakoids system II water-splitting proton generation is mainly localized in grana stacks, whereas system I plastoquinol reoxidation, is essentially restricted to non-appressed regions, such as stromal lamellae; the same is true for the coupling factor. For a given mean proton gradient, a system II chain was found to be less able to drive phosphorylation than a system I or a system I + II chain. These results support our microchemiosmotic hypothesis, based on the existence of lateral resistances to H+ movements. They confirm that the proton gradients at the redox chain and at the coupling factor are unequal and that both are different from their mean experimentally measured value. Electron transfer Proton gradient Phosphorylation Membrane topography Microchemiosmosis
Foucault’s Technologies of the Self and the Cultural History of Identity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins with an autobiographical reminiscence, one that concerns, appropriately, theory and its relation to practice. It shows that Michel Foucault's theories might be applied, without stress or strain, to the "ordinary" practice of history. The chapter argues, only if one expected so much from Foucault to begin with, that one might now want to leave him behind as an empty husk. Cultural history, whose ties to Foucault were always less binding, has by contrast not exhausted what Foucault has to offer. The chapter reviews about applicability of the Foucauldian concept of the technology of the self to the trajectory of Victor Cousin's philosophy. It also argues that the distinction between the two constitutions is to some degree defensible, but ultimately individual-as-object and individual-as-subject effectively interpenetrate one another. The chapter assumes that a technology of the self is necessary linked, be it weakly or strongly, to a regimen of power/knowledge.
PVD-Coating for the Processing of Textiles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The application of textiles has constantly been extended by new developments, material modification and by special procedures. Particularly surface coatings represent an innovative contribution to the textile processing. In the case of synthetic fibers, because they are usually too hydrophobic and inert and there is no sufficient wetting or adhesion for textile processing. For the improvement of the adhesive strength of PVD-layers (Physical Vapour Deposition) the substrates must be pretreated differently, e. g. by plasma treatment / O2-plasma / plasma polymerization / glow discharge plasma / high frequency plasma, corona treatment, fluoridation.For surface modification, gaseous phase procedure fluoridation was applied in the present study. The fluorine concentration was 1%, 2% and 3% with a rolling speed of 5 m/min. Afterwards fluoridated samples with Cu were sputtered. The coating materials with the Magnetron Sputter technique do not evaporate but only sputter. This procedure is mainly used, where the materials are exposed to strong thermal fluctuations. This target (Cu) faces a substrate with a distance of 6 cm only. Plasma unloading takes place between these two partners in a process gas (argon). The argon ions resulted from unloading are being accelerated on to the target and cause ions to strike, due to their high kinetic energy, neutral atoms or molecule fragments from the target surface, which condense there at high speed on the substrate.The examination of the adhesive strength and stability of the applied layers were carried out. The PEEL- test, in which the material glued on to the surface is taken off, gives information about the adhesion of the layers on the substrate. Scrubbing gives information about the abraded surface in percentage. Analytical data of fluorinated surface modification were obtained by REM (Raster Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Raster Force Microscopy). The portion of the fluorine and oxygen atoms on the surface can be determined by XPS (X-ray- Photoelectron Spectroscopy). Detailed results can be shown and evaluated.It is proven that during the gaseous phase fluorination, polar groups at the outside polymer chains were produced, as hydrogen atoms in the polymer chain are replaced by fluorine atoms. The surface modification is examined by the contact angle of liquids. Thus the polar and disperse portion of the surface energy can be determined. The goal of the PVD coating has produced different functionalities in the sputtered layers e. g. electromagnetic shielding, electrical conductivity.
What Quality Paid Home Care Means to Family Caregivers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The authors investigate the meanings of paid home care for family caregivers to frail older adults, comparing and contrasting what good and poor quality home care means to their caregiving efforts. Semistructured interviews were conducted with caregivers and were analyzed qualitatively, using McCracken’s (1988) five-step method for analysis of long interviews. Data from two studies were combined because of similarities in sample characteristics and interview questions and because data from the second study included both positive and negative experiences with home care providers. The authors find that caregivers perceived that good-quality paid home care facilitated enhanced quality of life for care recipients and improved perceptions of their performances as caregivers. When paid home care was of poor quality, caregivers felt more stress and increased their monitoring of providers. Caregiver circumstances, as well as care recipient needs, should be considered in making decisions about who receives formal home care services.
Investigating primary emotional systems and the Big Five of Personality including their relations in patients with major depression and healthy control persons

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigates two concurrent personality theories in the context of depression: Pankseppian affective neuroscience theory (ANT) describes primary emotional systems related to depression, whereas in the five-factor model (FFM), neuroticism is most robustly related with depression. Of note, ANT has been established via neuroscientific cross-mammalian-research, while the FFM belongs to the realm of Big Five personality theory, which has been established by a lexical approach. This study aimed to investigate whether the previously suggested systems or factors in depression within each of these approaches would correspond with depression, and with each other across factors/systems, in a single large sample of patients with major depression (n = 184) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 183). Subjects filled in the NEO-FFI and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) along with Beck's Depression Inventory-II. In line with the literature, depressed patients demonstrated higher FEAR/SADNESS and lower SEEKING/PLAY scores when applying ANT. Also consistent with the literature, higher neuroticism scores could be observed in the depressed sample compared to the control sample. Against the background of ANT, we suggest that Panksepp's FEAR/SADNESS might be the "bottom-up" drivers of the personality trait neuroticism. The present study shows that the observed differences in SEEKING, FEAR, and SADNESS between depressed and healthy control participants are in line with the literature and therefore can be seen as robust. The same is true for the differences in neuroticism between both samples. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the NEO-FFI and ANPS in depression research.
Chromosome Rearrangement with No Apparent Gene Mutation in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Hepatocellular Neoplasia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have identified a constitutional inversion in chromosome 5 associated with familial adenomatous polyposis in three generations of a Mexican family. Two of three siblings developed hepatic neoplasia in infancy. The gene truncation assay failed to demonstrate a truncated protein in the segment harboring the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of APC gene coding exons and sequencing of PCR products did not reveal any significant mutation. The data suggest that in this family, the phenotype may be the result of a “position effect.”
The MRI features of chondroblastoma with correlation of X-ray and CT findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the MR imaging features of chondroblastoma,and to address the correlation with findings of X-ray radiography and CT.Methods The imaging findings including MRI,X-ray radiography and CT of 16 chondroblastomas proved by surgery and pathology were analyzed and correlated with each other. Results All sixteen chondroblastomas involved the epiphyses of long bones,with varying sizes from 0.8 cm to 5.1 cm and lobulation. They were iso- and hypo-intense on T1WI and had heterogeneous signals on T2WI.They were of soft tissue density on CT,and had areas of calcifications and low density.The rims were hypointense on both T1 WI and T2 WI and showed hyperdensity on CT. The lesions were surrounded by edema of bone marrow which was hypointense on T1 WI and hyperintense on fat suppressed T2WI,while on X-Ray film and CT it was hyperdense sclerotic area.The adjacent soft tissues were swelling.Nine cases had periosteal abnormalities on MRI in which 8 of 9 periosteal abnormalities were distant from the primary lesions,and 6 of them showed hyperdense perosteal new bone on CT.Twelve cases had joint effusion on MRI and CT detected 6 of them.The lesions had heterogeneous enhancement,and there was enhancement in areas of edema within bone marrow,periosteal reaction and adjacent soft tissue.Chondroblastoma was intermediate and hyperintense on DWI,and the intermediate areas on both T1 WI and T2WI,together with areas of bone marrow edema,periosteal reaction and soft tissue swelling,were hyperintense on DWI.Conclusions The MRI,X-ray and CT can reflect the pathological changes of chondroblastoma from different aspects.The characteristics of chondroblastoma can be better appreciated by combining different imaging methods.

Key words:
Chondroblastoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tomography,X-ray computed; Radiography
A model analysis on the impact of transport improvement on household locations through increase in opportunities for life activities

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The impacts of transport improvement on agglomeration or dispersion of activity locations are now becoming more important than before. This paper aims at a model analysis on household location changes motivated by increasing opportunities for life activities, which are focused among various impacts of transport improvement.The model shows location equilibrium of households between two regions connected by a single passenger transport mode, and makes it possible to analyze location changes caused by the reduction of inter-regional transport cost. The typical patterns of location changes were described by comparative statics or numerical simulations, and then, conditions for agglomeration or dispersion were clarified.
Thermodynamic Constraints on Developmental Timing: A Coherence-Based Theory of Morphogenetic Precision

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biological development achieves remarkable precision despite fundamental thermodynamic constraints that typically require high entropy production for low-variance outcomes. We resolve this paradox by recognizing that embryogenesis requires synchronization, not perfection. By treating development as a multi-scale phase-locking process analogous to Kuramoto oscillators operating under thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TUR), we show how bioelectric coherence enables precise collective behavior without requiring costly individual precision. We derive a scaling law Tg ∝P L/vϕ that captures order-of-magnitude trends in developmental timing, where Tg is developmental time, P is normalized morphological complexity, L is organism size, and vϕ is bioelectric phase velocity. This framework predicts the existence of critical periods and reframes regenerative failure and oncogenesis as potential consequences of coherence breakdowns, offering a predictive foundation for regenerative therapies. Our theory suggests that biological systems achieve computational efficiency through coherence-mediated entropy redistribution, with implications for understanding morphogenetic control. Keywords: developmental biology, thermodynamic uncertainty relation, bioelectricity, morphogenesis, coherence, regeneration