jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic aspects of mastitis: New developments

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Good udder health is not only important for the dairy farmer but, because of increasing interest of consumers in the way dairy products are produced, also for the dairy production chain as a whole. An important role of veterinarians is in advising on production diseases such as mastitis. A large part of this advice is given around the planning of management to maintain or improve the udder health status of a farm. Mastitis is a costly disease, due to losses (a reduction of output due to mastitis) and expenditure (additional inputs to reduce the level of mastitis). Worldwide, published estimates of the economic losses of clinical mastitis range from €61 to €97 per cow on a farm, with large differences between farms, e.g. in The Netherlands, losses due to clinical and subclinical mastitis varied between €17 and €198 per cow per year. Moreover, farmers tended to underestimate these costs. This indicates that for a large proportion of farms there are many avoidable losses. In order to provide good support to farmers' decision-making, it is important to describe the mastitis setting not only in terms of disease, e.g. incidence of clinical mastitis, but also in monetary terms; and to make good decisions, it is necessary to provide the dairy farmer with information on the additional expenditure and reduced losses associated with alternative decisions. Six out of 18 preventive measures were shown to have a positive nett benefit, viz blanket use of dry-cow therapy, keeping cows standing after milking, back-flushing of the milk cluster after milking a cow with clinical mastitis, application of a treatment protocol, washing dirty udders, and the use of milkers' gloves. For those measures that included a large amount of routine labour or investment, the reduced losses did not outweigh the additional expenditure. The advisor cannot expect that measures that are cost-effective are always implemented. Reasons for this are the objectives of the dairy farmer can be other than maximisation of profit, resources to improve the mastitis situation compete with other fields of management, risk involved with the decision, economic behaviour of the dairy farmer, and valuation of the cost factors by the dairy farmer. For all decision-makers this means that, although financial incentives do have an effect on the management of mastitis, it is not always sufficient to show the economic benefits of improved management to induce an improvement of management of mastitis.
The Effect of Weather on the System Load

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

THE system load of an electric power company may be regarded as having several components. Firstly, there is a fixed component of the system load that may be considered as reflecting the business activity of the territory of the company. Secondly, there is a variable component of the load that reflects the effect of the weather. Thirdly, there is a component of load, relatively infrequent in occurrence, that reflects the public response to events of unusual attraction. There is the positive effect on the load of the appeal of radio broadcasts of great local or national interest and the negative effect that evidences the influx of the buying public into shopping areas which reaches its peak in the Christmas period.
COMPARATIVE HYGROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE TESTING OF WALL ASSEMBLIES WITH BRICK VENEER EMPLOYING A 3-DIMENSIONAL DUAL VENTILATED WRB, AND A SPUNBONDED POLYOLEFIN-BASED WRB

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As the demand for improved energy efficiency of buildings continues to rise, more and more activities are commencing to assist the development of building envelope systems that are even more energy efficient. One major objective within the Department of Energy is to create a series of advanced wall systems that can help achieve the goal of zero net energy residential buildings. As the energy efficiency of a building envelope is increased - the key method to improve energy efficiency of wall systems is to add insulation - durability challenges can occur that are related to moisture management. Essentially, less energy is available to assist the transport of moisture away from the building envelope. A number of innovative building envelope materials and systems are being introduced to the North American construction market to enhance the moisture drying potential. Some of these materials/systems are passive, i.e. do not require additional energy. This study investigates the hygrothermal performance of a brick veneer wall assembly with two different weather resistive barrier (WRB) strategies. One of the WRB’s deployed in this investigation is a spunbonded polyolefin-based material. The second WRB is an innovative 3-dimensional dual ventilated sheet. The performance analysis of these two different WRB’s is based on long-term field-monitored results under challenging hygrothermal conditions. This paper conclusively demonstrates that the 3-dimensional WRB with ventilation on both sides of the membrane provides excellent hygrothermal performance when compared to the conventional spun-bonded polyolefin based material. The 3-D dual ventilated WRB provides enhanced drying potential by deploying passive solar energy, making this innovative material an excellent contender for present and future wall systems (Zero-Net Energy Buildings).
Integration of fast charger stations - A technical investigation on grid connected high powerconverters and their filter solutions with focus on harmonicemissions and size reduction by utilising interleaved operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, measurements are performed on an operating 300 kW bus\ncharger station. A description of how the charger is constructed is given\nand the measurement results are presented. The efficiency of the charger\nwas, at a 240 kW load level found to be around 95 %. The harmonic\ncontent is also presented for both current and voltage, and it was found\nto be within allowed levels specified in enforcing Swedish regulations, both\nin individual harmonic amplitudes and total harmonic distortion (THD). A\nsimulation model has been constructed in plecs®/Similunk® and the model\nwas tweaked for the harmonic results to match those of the measurements.\nSimulations of a 50 kW converter, switched at 25 kHz, has been performed\nin normal operation and interleaved operation for comparison of their emissions\nand the need of filtering. Simulations have shown that interleaved\noperation can fulfil valid standards and regulations of harmonics and opens\nfor reduced filter size. The authors urges that a holistic view of the charger\nstation is important to be able to reduce its total size. Further simulations\nwith different real grid parameters have given support for that the grid\nlocation has a small or no impact on converter operation or risk of filter\nresonance.
Estimation of change-point in the covariate effects on restricted mean survival time

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The restricted mean survival time (RMST) emerges as a crucial summary metric in survival analysis. In some cases, certain covariates may have a varying impact on RMST at one specific change-point. For instance, consider studies focusing on women’s health, where a notable shift in a patient’s lifespan might occur when the age at menopause surpasses a particular cutoff value. To tackle this complex phenomenon, we consider a regression analysis of RMST with change-point in the covariate effects. This involves building a generalized linear model that directly captures the relationship between RMST and associated covariates that may have a change-point. Using the smoothed estimating equation with pseudo-observations, we obtain parameter estimators and establish the large sample properties. Finally, we assess the finite sample performance of the proposed method through simulation studies and apply it to real data examples from primary biliary cirrhosis and rectal cancer studies.
Immunoinformatics analysis and antibody epitope comparison of Newcastle disease virus classical vaccines with a virus involved in the fifth NDV panzootic

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has negatively affected the poultry industry worldwide. Given that the antigenic similarity of a vaccine strain to a field virus is effective in protection, an immunoinformatics study was performed to examine the similarity between antibody epitopes of classical vaccines and a sub-genotype VII.2 NDV (VII.2 NDV). Considering the role of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins in the induction of neutralizing antibodies, the 3D structure of HN and F proteins of the VII.2 NDV and nine vaccine strains were predicted, refined, and validated. Using these structures, linear and conformational antibody epitopes were mapped. Epitope analysis showed distinct results from the evolutionary distance and protein identity analysis and it was found that the range of difference in the number of identical epitopes in relation to F is wider than HN protein. LaSota and B1 vaccine strains showed the least epitope identity to the VII.2 NDV. The V4 and I-2 vaccine strains showed the highest epitope identity with the VII.2 NDV especially in F protein which is important in virus cell-to-cell transmission. In conclusion, excellence of the LaSota vaccine under field condition shows that protection is not just about epitope similarities and especially in the case of live vaccines, the vaccine-induced damage, replicative capacity and tropism of the vaccine strain are important. The prediction of this study may be useful for inactivated vaccines in which the amount of antigen is all that matters.
Alkaline Adjuvant Regulates Proteolytic Activity of Macrophages for Antigen Cross‐Presentation and Potentiates Radioimmunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Failures of radiotherapy (RT) in adaptive antitumor immunomodulation often associate with recruited tissue‐repairing macrophages. Although training these macrophages to phagocytose post‐RT cancer cells reverses their protumoral performance, engulfed tumor antigens are severely underrated. In fact, regulating the processing and presentation of tumor antigens, a key determinant of tumor immunogenicity, can fundamentally affect adaptive immune responses. Here it is reported that a simple Alum‐like adjuvant (MgAl‐based hydrotalcite, bLDH) improves radioimmunotherapy via inducing antigen cross‐presentation by macrophages, independent of phenotypes. It is identified that cytidine monophosphate guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide engenders macrophages to phagocytose irradiated cancer cells. However, as semiprofessional antigen‐presenting cells, macrophages possess powerful proteolytic function that is detrimental to antigen presentation. The administration of alkaline bLDH intriguingly relieves the activity of phagolysosomal proteases with acidic pH optima by preventing phagosomal acidification resulting from the vacuolar‐type ATPase proton pump. The adjuvant‐modulated phagolysosomes thus limit antigen degradation and enhance tumor antigen cross‐presentation over tenfold. To examine from an in vivo breast tumor model, trained macrophages successfully cross‐prime antigen‐specific CD8 + T cells and curb RT‐associated metastasis. The findings propose to pay close attention to the effect of adjuvants on precision immunotherapy and highlight the positive contribution of cross‐presenting macrophages in radioimmunotherapy.
Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Akad Murabahah yang Bermasalah di BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to find out the strategies used by BMT in resolving the murabahah financing that is problematic at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan, knowing the factors that are the supporters in carrying out the problem solving financing strategies at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan, knowing the factors - factors that become obstacles in carrying out financing strategies that are problematic in BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research with a case study approach. The results of this study indicate that the strategy for resolving murabahah financing that is problematic in BMT UGT is by rescheduling, calling customers, giving warning letters (SP) up to 3 times and discussing the next steps that will be taken by both parties, confiscation of collateral . Factors supporting the murabhaah financing settlement strategy that were troubled by BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan were AOA / AOP officers who always communicated, officers, AOP / AOA always supervised customer financing, always approached customers, routinely collected by AOP officers. The inhibiting factor for the problem solving strategy for murabhaah financing at BMT UGT Sidogiri Capem Kraksaan is the AOA / AOP who are not strict in carrying out their duties so customers are negligent in their responsibilities, AOP officers do not routinely collect from customers, officers do not always report things that are a problem in this murabahah financing to the head of BMT UGT Sidogiri, AOA / AOP officers and Head of Sidogiri BMT UGT are not communicating enough, AOA / AOP is slow in responding to troublesome murabahah financing problems carried out by customers.
Navigating in the Cayley graphs of SL_N(Z) and SL_N(F_p)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give a non-deterministic algorithm that expresses elements of SL_N(Z), for N > 2, as words in a finite set of generators, with the length of these words at most a constant times the word metric. We show that the non-deterministic time-complexity of the subtractive version of Euclid's algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor of N > 2 integers a_1,..., a_N is at most a constant times N log n where n := max {|a_1|,..., |a_N|}. This leads to an elementary proof that for N > 2 the word metric in SL_N(Z) is biLipschitz equivalent to the logarithm of the matrix norm -- an instance of a theorem of Mozes, Lubotzky and Raghunathan. And we show constructively that there exists K>0 such that for all N > 2 and primes p, the diameter of the Cayley graph of SL_N(F_p) with respect to the generating set {e_{ij} \mid i \neq j} is at most K N^2 \log p.
Cluster syntheses. 12. Metal-metal exchange reactions. Systematics of the synthesis of platinum-osmium carbonyl clusters containing quadruply bridging sulfido ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCluster syntheses. 12. Metal-metal exchange reactions. Systematics of the synthesis of platinum-osmium carbonyl clusters containing quadruply bridging sulfido ligandsRichard D. Adams, James E. Babin, Rahina Mathab, and Suning WangCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 10, 1623–1631Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00230a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00230a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The effect of vitamin E and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester on Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)—A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group clinical trial (PUVENAFLD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Aims We conducted a clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the combination of vitamin E and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) versus placebo in reducing liver fat content after 6 months of intervention in adults with MASLD. Methods Adults with MASLD were randomised to one of four treatment arms (vitamin E 1000 mg/daily + DHA 1.89 g/daily or combination arm, vitamin E 1000 mg alone, DHA 1.89 g alone or placebo) following a 2:1:1:2 randomisation. The primary objective was to determine the efficacy of DHA + vitamin E versus placebo in reducing hepatic fat fraction (%) relative to baseline after 6 months of intervention. Secondary objectives were to determine the effect of vitamin E or DHA alone versus placebo on reducing liver fat at 6 months. Results Our cohort consisted of 203 subjects with a mean age of 51 years, 53% female, 91% White, 59% Hispanic ethnicity. The combination of vitamin E + DHA had no effect on the primary endpoint of reducing hepatic steatosis as determined by MRI‐PDFF ( p = 0.98). Neither vitamin E alone ( p = 0.91) nor DHA alone ( p = 0.14) significantly reduced hepatic steatosis compared to placebo. However, the trial was not powered adequately for this analysis. Compared with placebo, no statistically significant differences were detected in the 3‐month or 6‐month levels for ALT (U/L) or AST (U/L) in all three intervention groups. Conclusions The combination of DHA + vitamin E or either agent alone did not demonstrate efficacy on reducing liver fat or aminotransferases in the studied population.
130 Comparison of invasive with noninvasive diagnostic tests of Helicobacter pylori in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

: Background: The prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori in developing country is higher than that
in developed country. H. pylori infection one of the common causes of gastritis in adults and
children and there is no association between this bacterium and lympoproliferative especially malt
lymphoma. The prevalence rate of this infection in children is influenced by their socio-economic
status. The aim of our study was to compare the results of invasive tests (endoscopy, gastritis
mucosal biopsy histology, urease) with non-invasive tests (serology, stool Ag).
Methods and Materials: During the study 100 one-year-old children with acute stomach pain who
referred to Tabriz children hospital from north-east of the country were examined by upper
gastrointestinal endoscopy, urease serology and stool Ag test.
Results: In histologic examination of sample %60 of the patients were found HP positive that
urease test with %58 sensitivity and %90 specificity, serology with %55 sensitivity and %87
specificity , stool antigen with %54.8 sensitivity and %79.4 specificity.
Conclusions: The results showed serology and stool Ag test low sensitivity and specificity than
Gold standard histology. But, these tests can be evaluated potentially as an indicator of H.P status
during diagnosis and treatment and eradication of H. pylori.
Beyond Montesquieu - Developing a new framework for climate and growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The thesis sets out to study the correlation between long-run economic growth and climate, through testing two hypotheses. In the first hypothesis Montesquieu’s climate theory is compared to a modern approach, while in the second hypothesis, natural disaster and disease ecology variables are suggested and tested as growth determinants. In the application of multiple regression analysis two significant growth determinants related to climate were found. First, drought decreases productivity in the agricultural sector. Secondly, malaria risk negatively affects the productivity of human capital and disincentivises investment in education.
The catastrophe of the face: ethics, deconstruction, plasticity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, I discuss what I call the ‘catastrophe of the face’. I use the plays of Samuel Beckett, as well as deconstructive theories from Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas and Catherine Malabou, as a lens through which to see contemporary issues about the face. Arguing that the face is marked by plasticity, I trace a double-movement of the face, of disappearance-in-appearance in facial recognition software and appearance-in-disappearance in the usage of face masks during Covid pandemic.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma beyond 2010

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered the gold standard in the frontline therapy of younger patients with multiple myeloma because it results in higher complete remission (CR) rates and longer event-free survival than conventional chemotherapy. The greatest benefit from ASCT is obtained in patients achieving CR after transplantation, the likelihood of CR being associated with the M-protein size at the time of transplantation. The incorporation of novel agents results in higher pre- and posttransplantation CR rates. Induction with bortezomib-containing regimens is encouraging in patients with poor-risk cytogenetics. However, longer follow-up is required to assess the impact of this increased CR on long-term survival. The results of posttransplantation consolidation/maintenance with new drugs are encouraging. All this indicates that, in the era of novel agents, high-dose therapy should be optimized rather than replaced. Because of its high transplantation-related mortality, myeloablative allografting has been generally replaced by reduced-intensity conditioning (reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation). The best results are achieved after a debulky ASCT, with a progression-free survival plateau of 25% to 30% beyond 6 years from reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation. The development of novel reduced-intensity preparative regimens and peri- and posttransplantation strategies aimed at minimizing graft-versus-host disease, and enhancing the graft-versus-myeloma effect are key issues.
An Overview of Cloud Computing and Deployment of Big Data Analytics in the Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Big Data is a data evaluation method makes it possible for by recent breakthroughs in details and interactions modern technology. However, big data evaluation requires a massive quantity of calculating resources making fostering costs of big data technology is not inexpensive for lots of small to tool business. In this paper, we detail the benefits as well as obstacles associated with deploying big data analytics through cloud computing. We suggest that cloud computer can support the storage space as well as computing requirements of big data analytics. This paper provides a detailed overview of cloud computing and deployment of big data analytics in the cloud.