jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A simulation study to examine the impact of recombination on phylogenomic inferences under the multispecies coalescent model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Phylogenomic analyses under the multispecies coalescent model assume no recombination within locus and free recombination among loci. Yet, in real data sets intralocus recombination causes different sites of the same locus to have different genealogical histories so that the model is misspecified. The impact of recombination on various coalescent‐based phylogenomic analyses has not been systematically examined. Here, we conduct a computer simulation to examine the impact of recombination on several Bayesian analyses of multilocus sequence data, including species tree estimation, species delimitation (by Bayesian selection of delimitation models) and estimation of evolutionary parameters such as species divergence and introgression times, population sizes for modern and extinct species, and cross‐species introgression probabilities. We found that recombination, at rates comparable to estimates from the human being, has little impact on coalescent‐based species tree estimation, species delimitation and estimation of population parameters. At rates 10 times higher than the human rate, recombination may affect parameter estimation, causing positive biases in introgression times and ancestral population sizes, although species divergence times and cross‐species introgression probabilities are estimated with little bias. Overall, the simulation suggests that phylogenomic inferences under the multispecies coalescent model are robust to realistic amounts of intralocus recombination.
The effectiveness of antihistamine and antileukotriene drugs in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with the reveled concomitant allergic conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective — to rectify the histamine role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to establish the efficacy of antihistamine and antileukotriene drugs in the complex treatment of IBS patients.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the years 2016 to 2017 on the basis of the Department of Internal Medicine N 1 of O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University. The examinations involved 150 IBS patients with the mean age 40.8 ± 2.1 years, from them 106 (72.6 %) women. Patients with the reveled concomitant allergic conditions (84 (56 %)) were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 40) received the standard basictherapy depending on the IBS sub-type, the second group (n = 44) received the additional combined anti-inflammatory treatment with Quifenadine (25 mg 3 times a day) in combination with Montelukast (10 mg once a day). The groups were matching by the mean age and gender ratio. The treatment efficacy was assessed after 1 month.Results. It has been shown that in IBS patients, histamine levels were significantly higher (р ≤ 0.05), and blood serum enzyme diaminoxidase levels (р ≤ 0.05) were lower, that may indicate the presence of histamine intolerance in some groups of patients. The additional administration of quifenadine and montelukast resulted not only in the significant reduction of allergic complaints, but also in the decrease in serum histamine level (р ≤ 0.05), increased treatment effectiveness of the IBS patients, in particular, significant reduction in the intensity of pain and diarrheal syndrome (р ≤ 0.001) and also increased indicators of the general health, vitality and physical condition of the patients (р ≤ 0.05).Conclusions. Montelukast, as well as the III generation antihistamines, may be a method of treatment of patinets with IBS and allergic conditions, but to provide the clinical recommendations, the additional and well designed trials should be conducted in other gastroenterological and allergological centers.
Sexual Experiences and Association with Depression and Anxiety Among Sexual Minority Women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness in the U.S, affecting an estimated 18% of the population. Recent studies have shown that sexual minority women may undergo sexual experiences that affect their risk of anxiety and depression. However, prior studies of this association are sparse and have largely been conducted among sexual majorities and have yet to examine differences between vulnerable sexual orientation groups. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between sexual experiences (i.e., sexual assertiveness, sexual self-efficacy, and outness) and anxiety and depression among young sexual minority women in a cross-sectional study (N=328) from the Young Sexual Minority Women’s Experiences with Sexual Violence study, 2017-2018. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine the relationship between sexual experiences and anxiety and depression while adjusting for important risk factors. Overall, findings indicate that sexual minority women who reported low sexual experiences reported more anxiety and depression. Bisexual/pansexual/fluid women had higher sexual assertiveness, sexual self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression scores and lower outness scores compared to lesbian women. Among both lesbian and bisexual/pansexual/fluid individuals, those who had higher sexual assertiveness scores also had lower anxiety scores Interventions aiming to improve mental health of sexual minority women should utilize the promotion of sexual experiences.
The Role of Pharmacists in Travel Medicine in South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Worldwide, pharmacists, who are the most accessible health-care providers, are playing an ever increasing role in travel medicine, assisting travelers in taking the necessary precautions to ensure safe and healthy travel. This article looks at the situation in South Africa, and how pharmacists are performing these functions within the legal constraints of the Medicines and Related Substances Act 101 of 1965, which prevents pharmacists from prescribing many of the travel vaccines and medications. The scope of practice in community pharmacies increased since the successful down-scheduling of some of the antimalarials, allowing pharmacists to supply the many travelers who frequently travel to neighboring countries. As in many other countries, travel medicine in South Africa is currently thwart with products that are out of stock, and a number of temporary guidelines were put in place to deal with these. Ways to facilitate expanding the role of pharmacists in travel medicine in South Africa need to be further explored.
Development of a fast readout system for the detection of low energy X rays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. Gryboś, W. Bialas, A. Cabal, W. Dabrowski, P. Giubellino, M. Idzik, R. Wheadon, L. Montaño, R. Szczygiel; Development of a fast readout system for the detection of low energy X rays. AIP Conf. Proc. 13 October 2000; 538 (1): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1328937 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Data from HPV Serum Antibodies as Predictors of Survival and Disease Progression in Patients with HPV-Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Oropharyngeal carcinoma positive for human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has a significantly better prognosis than oropharyngeal carcinoma unrelated to HPV. Within HPV16-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma, biomarkers of prognosis are urgently needed to individualize care. We hypothesized that serum antibodies specific to HPV16, the major HPV type causing oropharyngeal carcinoma, have biologic relevance and are potential biomarkers for improved prognosis among patients with HPV16-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> IgG antibodies to the HPV16 antigens E1, E4-E7, L1, L2, and the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of E2 (NE2, CE2) were quantified using a custom programmable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera were obtained at diagnosis from 209 oropharyngeal carcinoma patients (96 HPV16-positive). The ratios of median fluorescent intensity (MFI) for each antigen to MFI for control GST protein were determined. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to determine survival differences between groups. ROC curves were used to determine the best combination of E antibodies to predict disease recurrence.</p><p><b>Results:</b> E1, NE2, and E6 antibody positivity were all strongly associated with improved overall and progression-free survival in the entire cohort and in patients with known HPV16-positive tumors (<i>P</i> < 0.05). For both overall and progression-free survival among HPV-positive patients, hazard ratios were 0.2 for NE2, 0.3 for E1, and 0.3 for E6 antibody positivity.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> We identified three HPV16-specific antibodies that are associated with improved overall and progression-free survival in patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma. These results suggest that differential serologic responses in patients may reflect differential biologic processes within the host and tumor and may have prognostic value. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2861–9. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The lemonade stand game competition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In December 2009 and November 2010, the first and second Lemonade Stand game competitions were held. In each competition, 9 teams competed, from University of Southampton, University College London, Yahoo!, Rutgers, Carnegie Mellon, Brown, Princeton, et cetera. The competition, in the spirit of Axelrod's iterated prisoner's dilemma competition, which addressed whether or not you should cooperate, asks the questions, "how should you cooperate, and with whom?" The third competition (whose results will be announced at IJCAI 2011) is open for submissions until July 1st, 2011.
The subiculum and its role in focal epileptic disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The subicular complex (hereafter referred as subiculum), which is reciprocally connected with the hippocampus and rhinal cortices, exerts a major control on hippocampal outputs. Over the last three decades, several studies have revealed that the subiculum plays a pivotal role in learning and memory but also in pathological conditions such as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Indeed, subicular networks actively contribute to seizure generation and this structure is relatively spared from the cell loss encountered in this focal epileptic disorder. In this review, we will address: (i) the functional properties of subicular principal cells under normal and pathological conditions; (ii) the subiculum role in sustaining seizures in in vivo models of MTLE and in in vitro models of epileptiform synchronization; (iii) its presumptive role in human MTLE; and (iv) evidence underscoring the relationship between subiculum and antiepileptic drug effects. The studies reviewed here reinforce the view that the subiculum represents a limbic area with relevant, as yet unexplored, roles in focal epilepsy.
Circumcision in a National Sample of 4-year-old Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The radiological picture of acute Friedliinder's pneumonia may resemble that of ordinary pneumonic consolidation, but, as was pointed out by Bullowa et al. (1937), the most striking finding initially is the density of the shadow, which is usually homogeneous and may be suggestive of fluid.A bronchopneumonic phase was described by Kornblum (1928).This was not seen in these cases.After a day or two one notices less-opaque areas due to the formation of abscesses.It is sometimes found that there is bulging or sagging of the interlobar septa, and this is well illustrated in the recent paper by Kirby and Coleman (1951), who reported it in half of their 11 cases.As the chronic stage is reached fibrosis makes its appearance, combined with a honeycomb effect due to small cavities.Keefer et al. (1946), in their clinical trials, found strepto- mycin effective if given early in lung infections due to Friedlander's bacillus.Chloramphenicol and aureomycin have also produced good results in small series.We found records of 38 cases treated with streptomycin, chlor- amphenicol, aureomycin, or combinations of these anti- biotics.In these the mortality rate was 37%.We were impressed by the rapid downhill course of Case 4, who at 49 years was the youngest of the series.Rapid bacterio- logical diagnosis is still important in pneumonia.Our routine is to collect sputum at the initial clinical examination.Some of this is stained by Gram's method.If Gram- negative bacilli are found to be the predominant organism, streptomycin, I g.eight-hourly, is given pending the result of sputum culture.No cases have been seen since aureo- mycin became freely available.We intend to substitute it for streptomycin.
Up-regulation of pituitary [125I]insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) binding and IGF binding protein-2 and IGF-I gene expression by estrogen

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To evaluate the effects of estrogen on the rat pituitary insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, binding of [125I]IGF-I and in situ hybridization for IGF-I, the IGF-I receptor and IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) were coupled with quantitative autoradiography. The groups included intact cycling females, intact males, and gonadectomized males and females with or without estrogen pellet implants. Binding of [125I]IGF-I in the anterior lobe of the pituitary occurred in dense clusters over a diffuse lower density background. [125I]IGF-I binding was significantly increased in the estrogen-treated groups and was highest at proestrus compared to the rest of the estrous cycle. IGF-I receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) was distributed diffusely through the anterior pituitary and was not different between the respective gonadectomized and estrogen-treated groups. IGFBP-2 mRNA was clustered throughout the anterior pituitary and was significantly higher in the estrogen-treated groups as noted above for [125I]IGF-I binding. IGF-I mRNA was diffuse throughout the anterior pituitary and was also significantly higher in the estrogen-treated groups. In the neural lobe, [125I]IGF-I binding, IGFBP-2 mRNA, IGF-I receptor mRNA, and IGF-I mRNA were all uniformly distributed and did not differ between groups. The results show that circulating estrogen differentially regulates components of the pituitary IGF-I system in a region-specific manner and suggest that a portion of IGF binding in the anterior pituitary may be to IGFBP-2.
Acupuncture and renal function. 1 Assessment by radioisotope renography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

腎臓部体外計測法である, ラジオ・アイソトープ・レノグラムは, 腎臓を左右別々に血流状態, 尿の排泄状態などを動態的に検査する方法であり, 簡便で, 患者に苦痛を与えない優れた腎機能検査法として, 広く臨床に応用されている。今回, 腎機能と経穴との関係を明らかにする目的で, 足の太陽膀胱経の腎兪穴 (左右) に低周波通電を行ない, 鍼刺激が腎機能とくに排泄機能に及ぼす影響について, ラジオ・アイソトープ・レノグラムによる検討を試みた。その結果, レノグラム曲線のパターンには著明な変化を認めなかったが, ラジオ・アイソトープの尿中排泄率の増加が認められた。
A risk prediction model for nausea and vomiting after TACE : a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Purpose It was found that 52.5% of patients experienced nausea and vomiting after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE), but there are no models that predict this risk. In this study, we investigated the factors associated with nausea and vomiting after TACE and developed a predictive model to predict these adverse events. Method The study will include 401 patients who will be randomly assigned to the training group and validation group in a 7:3 ratio. An analysis of logistic regression was used to identify predictors and build a risk prediction model. Model performance was evaluated using the Area Under Curve (AUC), Calibration Curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Results This study ultimately included 401 patients for TACE, of whom 132(32.92%) patients experienced nausea and vomiting. There were independent risk prediction models for the history of vomiting, the preventive use of antiemetic, pain, and platinum and anthracene. Testing and training groups had AUCs of 0.839 and 0.742, respectively. They had calibration curves with P = 0.208 and P = 0.482, respectively. The DCA curves showed that the model had good clinical benefit at threshold probabilities greater than 20%. Conclusion The prediction model has good discriminatory ability, accuracy evaluation and clinical efficacy and is presented by nomogram with strong operability, contributing to for clinical medical staff to improve the management of TACE.
The O II(7320‐7330Å) airglow: A morphological study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A statistical study of the 7320‐30‐Å (O + (²P) ‐ O + (²D)) airglow was conducted by analyzing the data taken from the visible airglow experiment (VAE) on the Atmosphere Explorer (AE) satellites C and E during the time periods between 1974 and 1979. Averaged column emission rate profiles as a function of solar zenith angle and solar activity variation are presented here. The galactic background has been carefully subtracted. The result shows that the rate of decreasing emission as a function of solar zenith angle agrees with the theoretical calculation based upon a neutral atmosphere model and the solar spectrum as measured by the EUV spectrometer on the Atmosphere Explorer satellite. Furthermore, an expected increase with solar activity also appeared in a plot of emission brightness versus solar 10.7‐cm flux.
X-ray polarization from accretion disk winds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

X-ray polarimetry is a fine tool for probing the accretion geometry and physical processes operating in the proximity of compact objects, such as black holes and neutron stars. Recent discoveries made by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer question our understanding of the accretion picture. The observed high levels of X-ray polarization in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei are challenging to achieve within the conventional scenarios. We investigate the possibility that a fraction (or even all) of the observed polarized signal arises from scattering in the equatorial accretion disk winds, the slow and extended outflows, which are often detected in these systems via spectroscopic means. We find that wind scattering can reproduce the levels of polarization that are observed in these sources.
Growing up and growing pores in myoblast fusion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

![Figure][1]

During Drosophila flight muscle formation, myoblasts (MB) flatten against myotubes (MT), then form many direct contacts (yellow stars) that evolve into fusion pores (red star).

[Dhanyasi et al.][2] describe how myoblasts form muscle syncytia in Drosophila flight muscles.
Tram type impacts on noise level

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

U urbanim sredinama buka je jedan od glavnih uzroka smanjenja kvalitete života, konstantno je prisutna i utjece na mnoge aspekte svakodnevnog života. Sve su ucestalije pritužbe građana koji žive i rade u gradskim podrucjima smjestenim uz prometnice s znacajnim obimom cestovnog i tramvajskog prometa. Tramvajski promet u Zagrebu znatno je veci nego u ostalim Europskim gradovima u kojima predstavlja okosnicu javnog gradskog prijevoza (prema podacima International Union of Public Transport - UITP). Povecanja razine buke koja se javljaju uslijed prometovanja tramvaja ovise ne samo o kolosijeku (karakteristika vozne povrsine tracnice, tip kolosijecne konstrukcije, nacin zatvaranja kolosijeka) vec i o tramvajskom vozilu (tipu, starosti, brzini kretanja te vrsti i stanju kotaca tramvajskih vozila). U cilju poduzimanja adekvatnih mjera za smanjenje razine buke uslijed prometovanja tramvaja, Zavod za prometnice Građevinskog fakulteta Sveucilista u Zagrebu, proveo je istraživanje utjecaja tipa tramvajskih vozila na razinu buke. Istraživanje je provedeno u suradnji s Zagrebackim elektricnim tramvajem u okviru Znanstvenog projekta ''Gornji ustroj gradskih željeznica'' finaciranog od strane Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i sporta Republike Hrvatske. Mjerenja razine buke uslijed prometovanja tramvajskih vozila provedena su na novim kolosijecima s ravnom voznom povrsinom te na kolosijecima u eksploataciji gdje su u pravilu prisutne geometrijske neravnine na voznoj povrsini. Analizirana su cetiri tipa tramvajskih konstrukcija s obzirom na nacin pricvrscenja tracnice i nacin zatvaranja kolosijeka te su razmatrana tramvajska vozila cetiri proizvođaca tramvaja, Đuro Đakovic, CKD Tatra, Duwag i Koncar, koja su u sastavu voznog parka ZET-a. Rezultati istraživanja pomoci ce pri donosenju odluke o dinamici zamijene tramvajskih vozila novima, a sve u cilju poboljsanja stanja u okolisu s aspekta zastite od povisenih razina buke.
Survey of Comparative Legislative Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We received 115 replies, a response rate of 21 percent, and 111 turned out to be usable responses. These 111 people reported a total of 12.5 separate projects. There were three people who were working on three legislative projects at the time, and eight who were working on two projects. The following summany speaks in terms of these 125 projects.2 Of these projects, 46, or 37 percent, were being conducted by scholars residing outside of the United States, while 79, or 63 percent, were being conducted by U. S. scholars (Table 1). But with regard to the country or countries which were the topics or locations of the research, the figures are exactly reversed: Non-American legislatures were being studied in 79 of the projects (63 percent of the total), while American legislatures were involved in only 46 (37 percent of the projects). Thus, a number of U. S. scholars were studying non-American legislative systems rather than their own. Of the 79 projects reported by U. S. scholars, 34 involved countries other than the U. S. Only one non-American scholar was studying U. S. legislatures. The countries outside of the United States that showed up most frequently as topics or locations for the research were Great Britain (7