jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Beneficial Effect of Genistein on Diabetes-Induced Brain Damage in the ob/ob Mouse Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rong-zi Li,1 Xiao-Wen Ding,1 Thangiah Geetha,1 Layla Al-Nakkash,2 Tom L Broderick,2 Jeganathan Ramesh Babu1 1Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; 2Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USACorrespondence: Jeganathan Ramesh BabuDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USATel +1 334 844 3840 Fax +1 334 844 3268Email jeganrb@auburn.eduPurpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced brain damage is characterized by cellular, molecular and functional changes. The mechanisms include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, reduction of neurotrophic factors, insulin resistance, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and Tau phosphorylation. Both antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of the phytoestrogen genistein have been reported. However, the beneficial effect of genistein in brain of the ob/ob mouse model of severe obesity and diabetes remains to be determined.Methods: In this study, female ob/ob mice and lean control mice were fed with either a standard diet or a diet containing genistein (600mg/kg) for a period of 4 weeks. Body weight was monitored weekly. Blood was collected for the measurement of glucose, insulin and common cytokines. Mice brains were isolated for Western immunoblotting analyses.Results: Treatment with genistein reduced weight gain of ob/ob mice and decreased hyperglycemia compared to ob/ob mice fed the standard diet. The main findings show that genistein treatment increased insulin sensitivity and the expression levels of the neurotrophic factors nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF). In these mice, genistein also reduced Aβ deposition and the level of hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein.Conclusion: The results of our study indicate the beneficial effects of genistein in the obese diabetic mouse brain, including improving brain insulin signaling, increasing neurotrophic support, and alleviating Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology.Keywords: isoflavones, leptin-deficient mice, brain injury, insulin signaling, amyloid beta
THE ROLE OF FOREST FRAGMENTS IN SMALL MAMMAL CONSERVATION IN AN OIL PALM PLANTATION IN NORTHERN SARAWAK, BORNEO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In recent decades vast areas of Bornean rainforest have been converted to monocultures, particularly to oil palm. This study describes and compares the diversity and persistence of small mammal species in fragmented forests within an oil palm plantation. Small mammals were trapped over 44 sampling days using mist-nets, harp traps, and cage traps. A total of 39 species of small mammals were trapped, represented by 22 volant (bats) and 17 non-volant species. These species were represented by 29, 15 and 26 species, and controlling for sampling effort by rarefaction, 19, 15 and 14 species of small mammals in high conservation value (HCV) forests, forest edge, and in oil palm plantation, respectively. Species diversity was greatest in the HCV forests (H' = 2.22), followed by oil palm plantation (H' = 1.11), and then edge (H' = 1.07). The smaller HCV forest (116 ha vs. 990 ha) contained more species than the larger forest (25 vs. 17 species). We attribute this to differences in species relaxation rates and the possibility that species density compensation has occurred in the smaller forest. This study demonstrates the conservation value of small forest fragments in oil palm plantations to maintaining native species diversity and the ecosystem services they provide.
Antibodies specific for 1-methylguanosine as a probe of tRNA conformation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Antibodies specific for 1-methylguanosine (m1G) were produced by immunization of rabbits with a bovine serum albumin conjugate of m1G. Antibodies specificity was determined by measuring the inhibition of binding of 3H-m1G trialcohol by various nucleosides or related derivatives. The relative affinities of the unpurified antibodies for various nucleosides showed that m1G trialcohol had an 8-fold higher affinity than m1G; further, guanosine and 2'-O-methylguanosine had at least a 500-fold lower affinity than m1G. The antibodies were purified on m1G-AH-Sepharose column and subsequently immobilized to Sepharose. Immobilized m1G antibodies quantitatively and exclusively retained m1G-containing oligonucleotides derived from ribonuclease A digests of 32P-labeled phage T4 tRNAPro. On the other hand, intact 32P-labeled T4 tRNAPro or its precursor RNA(s) did not bind to the same column. These findings indicate that at least a portion of m1G adjacent to the 3' end of the anticodon in intact T4 tRNAPro is not accessible for antibody binding.
SoK: Federated Learning and Unlearning for Medical Image Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Medical image analysis is a critical component of modern healthcare, enabling accurate disease diagnosis and effective patient treatment. However, the process is fraught with challenges, including inter‐ and intra‐observer variability, time constraints, and data‐related issues such as privacy, heterogeneity and accessibility. Within this framework, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution, allowing collaborative model training across distributed healthcare entities without sharing sensitive patient data. This study provides a comprehensive Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) review of FL and its extension, Federated Unlearning (FU), within the context of medical image analysis. FL enables privacy‐preserving, decentralised model training, while FU addresses the ‘Right To Be Forgotten’, ensuring compliance with data protection regulations like GDPR and HIPAA. We explore the opportunities and challenges of FL and FU, detailing their methodologies, frameworks, datasets, and evaluation metrics. The review highlights the potential of FL and FU to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve patient care, and foster trust in AI‐driven healthcare systems. We also identify research gaps and propose future directions for advancing FL and FU in medical imaging, emphasising the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of dedicated frameworks. Thus, this study aims to bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and practical applications, paving the way for more robust and privacy‐compliant AI models in healthcare.
An overview of cross-layer based design of media access control (mac) for cdma ad-hoc networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Decentralized ad-hoc networks are plagued with the problem of low network capacity at high traffic load or high node density. Recent proposals on CDMA ad-hoc networks propose to alleviate this problem and in addition, provide benefits of Spread Spectrum (SS) communication. These proposals follow a cross-layer based approach to Media Access Control (MAC) layer design, and exploit the link-layer properties in conjunction with dynamic power control to enhance system capacity. These protocols provide a promising solution to increase throughput in a single hop neighborhood as compared to widely accepted CSMA/CA based protocols like 802.11. A cross-layer design framework which uses spread spectrum/CDMA and power control techniques in physical layer as well as in link layer provides a more optimized approach to increase network capacity. Multiple simultaneous transmissions in such protocols are supported on the basis of interference level considerations in the network. In this review article, we discuss some proposals on issues of power control and CDMA based MAC in ad-hoc networks with a greater focus on interference measurement problems in a distributed scenario. We provide a qualitative comparison of the approaches and investigate opportunities for future research.
Automotive real-time operating systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automotive embedded systems have become very complex, are strongly integrated, and the safety-criticality and real-time constraints of these systems raise new challenges. Distributed system development, short time-to-market intervals, and automotive safety standards (such as ISO 26262 [8]) require efficient and consistent product development along the entire development lifecycle. The automotive OSEK/VDX standard provides an architecture for distributed real-time units in vehicles and a language aiming in specifying the configuration of real-time OSEK operating systems. The aim of this paper is to enhance a model-driven system-engineering framework with the capability of generating OS configurations from existing high level control system information. Furthermore, to enable the possibility to update stored information from OSEK Implementation Language (OIL) files and support round-trip engineering of real-time operating system (RTOS) configurations. This enables the seamless description of automotive RTOS, from system level requirements to software implementation and therefore ensures consistency and correctness of the configuration. To that aim, a bidirectional tool bridge is proposed based on OSEK OIL exchange format files.
Mechanism of the induction of angiogenesis by human neoplastic lymphoid tissue: Studies employing bovine aortic endothelial cells in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extracts of human neoplastic tissue (three Hodgkin's lymphomas; three gliomas and one liposarcoma) previously shown to induce angiogenesis in vivo did not stimulate the proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers when tested in vitro. Proliferation was induced by coculture of endothelial cells with human or animal macrophages or with supernatants derived from these cells. However, angiogenic extracts were chemotactic both for guinea pig peritoneal macrophages and human mononuclear cells in vitro. These results imply that tumour extracts act indirectly to induce angiogenesis in vivo via their effect on host macrophages.
Titanium Oxide and their Effects on Structure, Physical Properties and Electrochemical Corrosion Parameters of Alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Effect of adding titanium oxide nanoparticles to bismuth or tin based alloys on microstructure, physical properties and corrosion parameters has been studied. Surface properties of tin or bismuth alloys such as hardness and corrosion parameters improved after adding titanium oxide. Matrix structure of tin or bismuth alloys changed after adding titanium oxide due to form a solid solution with caused a lattice distortion or growth formed phases. A little variation caused in melting temperature for bismuth or tin based after adding different ratio from titanium oxide.
Functional characterization of the NCC27 nuclear protein in stable transfected CHO‐K1 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT NCC27 belongs to a family of small, highly conserved, organellar ion channel proteins. It is constitutively expressed by native CHO‐K1 and dominantly localized to the nucleus and nuclear membrane. When CHO‐K1 cells are transfected with NCC27‐expressing constructs, synthesized proteins spill over into the cytoplasm and ion channel activity can then be detected on the plasma as well as nuclear membrane. This provided a unique opportunity to directly compare electrophysiological characteristics of the one cloned channel, both on the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes. At the same time, as NCC27 is unusually small for an ion channel protein, we wished to directly determine whether it is a membrane‐resident channel in its own right. In CHO‐K1 cells transfected with epitope‐tagged NCC27 constructs, we have demonstrated that the NCC27 conductance is chloride dependent and that the electrophysiological characteristics of the channels are essentially identical whether expressed on plasma or nuclear membranes. In addition, we show that a monoclonal antibody directed at an epitope tag added to NCC27 rapidly inhibits the ability of the expressed protein to conduct chloride, but only when the antibody has access to the tag epitope. By selectively tagging either the amino or carboxyl terminus of NCC27 and varying the side of the membrane from which we record channel activity, we have demonstrated conclusively that NCC27 is a transmembrane protein that directly forms part of the ion channel and, further, that the amino terminus projects outward and the carboxyl terminus inward. We conclude that despite its relatively small size, NCC27 must form an integral part of an ion channel complex.—Tonini, R., Ferroni, A., Valenzuela, S. M., Warton, K., Campbell, T. J., Breit, S. N., Mazzanti, M. Functional characterization of the NCC27 nuclear protein in stable transfected CHO‐K1 cells. FASEB J . 14, 1171–1178 (2000)
Segregation of Plastic and Non-plastic Waste using Convolutional Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Due to industrialization and urbanization the rapid rise in the volumeand amount of hazardous waste and the disposal of it is becoming a burgeoning problem that the world is facing today. One of the best ways out for this problem is to collect, sort and reuse or recycle these waste. So this paper proposes an architecture which sorts waste materials into plastic and non-plastic using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). CNN is one among the efficient machine learning techniques, which is able to provide maximum learning efficiency. This technique requires less parameter for training compared to the standard neural network. A dataset of waste materials required for our setup is collected. They are trained and tested using CNN. The proposed architecture with CNN gives an accuracy of 0.978. The proposed design also consists of a prototype, which acts as a real-time classifier. This system reduces the human efforts in separating plastics from non-plastics.
High-intensity one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanosecond photorefractive spatial solitons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. We report a comparison between theory and experiment for high-intensity steady-state screening solitons. Although the low-intensity feature of photorefractive spatial solitons is attractive for applications, high intensity photorefractive solitons are also interesting, because the speed with which the steady-state screening soliton forms is intensity dependent and can occur at nanosecond speeds or faster for GW/cm/sup 2/ intensities. For these intensities, however, the excited free carrier densities are high and produce index variations that can no longer be neglected in the theoretical model.
Acceptable noise level in Danish adult subjects diagnosed with unilateral Ménière's disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The acceptable noise level (ANL) test is used for quantification of the amount of background noise that subjects are willing to accept when listening to speech. Earlier studies including subjects with normal hearing and/or mixed types of sensorineural hearing losses have shown that ANL is not affected by hearing sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible within-subject ANL differences between ears in subjects with unilateral Ménière's disease. Study design: ANL was measured in three conditions in both ears of 11 Danish adult subjects diagnosed with unilateral Ménière's disease. Both speech and noise signals were presented through earphones. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was utilized to determine if there were significant differences between ANLs measured in the unaffected and the ears affected by Ménière's disease. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to determine if an association exists between the speech discrimination score and ANL in the affected ear. Results: Similar mean ANL results were found in the subjects’ unaffected and affected ear. No association between speech discrimination and the ANL on the affected ear was found. Conclusion: The present study showed no within-subject ANL differences owing to differences in hearing sensitivity or loudness growth patterns.
Modelling the effect of energy consumption on different environmental indicators in the United States: The role of financial development and renewable energy innovations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study offers new insights into the relationship between energy consumption and environmental degradation in the United States by controlling for financial development, renewable energy innovations, economic expansion, and trade policy uncertainty over the period 1985:Q1 to 2014:Q4. Based on the flexible autoregressive distributed lag model, our findings show that energy consumption deteriorates the environment, while renewable energy innovations reduce CO 2 emissions but has no significant effect on ecological footprint. Furthermore, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is valid only when ecological footprint is used as an environmental indicator. The causality results establish a feedback effect between CO 2 emissions and renewable energy innovations, a unidirectional causal flow from financial development to CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth. Also discovered is a unidirectional causal flow from the ecological footprint to energy use and economic growth, and from renewable energy innovations and energy consumption to economic growth. Therefore, the policy implications for this study, among others, include the provision of grants and subsidies for research in renewable energy to enhance sustainable environmental quality.
THE ART OF SINGING IN BUKHARA FOLKLORE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of Bukhara is very ancient. Very rich folklore is concentrated in the territory, which has long undergone historical development. Bukhara folklore has its own peculiarities, according to the local characters. And the study of these local characteristics inherent in it has always been relevant.In this article, a scientific analysis of the folklore performance of Bukhara and its peculiarities, artistry in the art of singing was carried out.
Error, Malpractice, and Complication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter considers three types of adverse event patients may suffer as a result of medical intervention, rather than their disease itself: preventable error, malpractice, and complication. Each will be defined, and in light of the case studies presented, an analysis of the moral accountability of the agents involved will demonstrate that their ethical obligations to patients, families, and the healthcare system as a whole vary significantly depending on the type of adverse event.
Nodulation and nitrogen accumulation in pulses vary with species, cultivars, growth stages, and environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biological N 2 -fixation underpins the role of pulse crops in the development of sustainable cropping systems, but it is uncertain how nodulation and N accumulation may differ with pulse species, cultivars, and environments. This 3 yr field study investigated nodulation at the early and late flowering stages and seed and straw N uptake for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). At early flowering, all pulses except dry bean had more nodules in the wetter (2010) than drier year (2009). Faba bean had the most nodules followed by field pea and chickpea, while the nodulation varied with plant growth stages and environments. For both pea and lentil, more nodules were observed at early flowering, but higher nodule biomass was obtained at late flowering. Chickpea had higher nodule biomass at late than early flowering but number of nodules varied with year. Seed N uptake was highest in field pea, whereas straw N uptake was highest in faba bean. Our results suggest a possibility of improving pulse N 2 -fixation by targeting nodule numbers and nodule biomass, although the outcome of plant N uptake will vary with environments.
Mathematics Anxiety among Architecture Students at Polytechnic Sultan Idris Shah: A Preliminary Study as An Attempt to Strengthen Mathematics Education in TVET Institution

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Mathematics is the basis for numerous technical skills imparted in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutes. As one of the TVET institutions, Polytechnic recognizes the importance of mathematics courses in its curriculum. Engineering, computer science, architecture, and manufacturing courses rely heavily on mathematical principles and concepts. Despite the importance of mathematics, the issue of underperformance in Elementary Mathematics courses among architecture students has been a significant issue for Polytechnic institutions. Some architecture students may require assistance understanding the direct applicability of specific mathematical topics to their field of study. They may perceive mathematics courses as arduous, demanding, intricate, and challenging to succeed in. The presence of negative thoughts significantly led to the development of mathematical anxiety. This anxiety can hinder their ability to solve problems and perform to their full potential in mathematics courses. Therefore, this study investigates the correlation between mathematics anxiety and problem-solving skills among architecture students. The study utilizes a quantitative research design, employing a questionnaire and a problem-solving test. This study used convenience sampling to select 45 Diploma in Architecture students who took Elementary Mathematics in semester one. The data collected is analysed using descriptive and correlation analyses. The study results indicated that mathematics anxiety is present among architecture students. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between mathematics anxiety and the mathematical problem-solving abilities of architecture students enrolled in elementary mathematics courses. It indicates that their abilities to solve mathematical problems decreases as their mathematics anxiety increases. Consequently, mathematics anxiety is a factor that influences the problem-solving abilities of students. Hence, educators must strive to understand mathematics anxiety and implement innovative pedagogical approaches to overcome their anxiety. Ultimately, the insights gained from the research will contribute to the current body of literature concerning mathematics anxiety and its ramifications for problem-solving within architecture education.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF DEGENERATIVE RETINOSCHISIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To elucidate clinical characteristics, typical and reticular degenerative retinoschisis are characterized histopathologically in series of 2319 autopsy eyes, and clinically in a series of 77 eyes in 43 patients. In the autopsy series, typical degenerative retinoschisis was seen in 1.02% of the cases and 0.69% of the eyes; and reticular degenerative retinoschisis was seen in 1.62% of the cases and 0.95% of the eyes. Histopathology was correlated with clinical observations in adult patients with typical and reticular degenerative retinoschisis. On the basis of these observations, consideration was given to the clinical manifestations and management of typical and reticular degenerative retinoschisis.