jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is Sorafenib an Optimal Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Macrovascular Invasion or Metastatic Disease?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China (no.: 81730097); the grants of the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups (no.: 81521091); Chang Jiang Scholars Program (2013) of China Ministry of Education; the National Key Basic Research Program "973 project" (no.: 2015CB554000); Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (no.: SHDC12015106); Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (no.: 134119a0200). Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship. TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the article by Finn et al. in Hepatology,1 which explored therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with macrovascular invasion or metastatic disease, applying a systematic review and meta‐analysis. They reported that in advanced HCC patients with Child‐Pugh A liver function, sorafenib is the only recommended treatment. Several observational studies evaluated locoregional therapies alone or in combination with other treatments, but were limited by a very low quality of evidence. The investigators' conclusion echoes official guidelines in the United States and Europe, where oral sorafenib was the only recommended treatment for advanced HCC patients.2 Based on the above, we would like to make the following comments. First, some investigators have recommended surgical treatment for selected patients with macrovascular invasion.3 Liver resection (LR) is associated with a longer survival outcome than nonsurgical treatment in patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Similarly, patients with hepatic vein tumor thrombus (HVTT) have a better prognosis in patients with HVTT under LR. Given recent advances in perioperative nursing and surgical operation, surgery may be the first choice for some selected advanced HCC patients with macrovascular invasion. Second, this systematic review may not include all observational studies for therapies for advanced stage HCC patients because of different inclusion criteria and included time periods. Another meta‐analysis concluded that LR may lead to longer overall survival for HCC patients with PVTT than transarterial chemoembolization.5 In addition, some multidisciplinary combined therapies other than only oral sorafenib had a better prognosis in HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis. In summary, this meta‐analysis by Finn et al. a strong contribution that focuses on therapies for advanced HCC with macrovascular invasion or metastatic disease. Because of a low quality of evidence from several observational studies, it is vital to design high‐quality multicenter, randomized, controlled trials to assess multidisciplinary combined diagnosis and treatment, instead of only sorafenib, in some selected patients with advanced HCC that includes macrovascular invasion or metastatic disease.
Host Responses to Urinary Tract Infections and Emerging Therapeutics: Sensation and Pain within the Urinary Tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The bladder wall contains the mucosal layer, the muscularis propria, and the adventitia/serosa. The urinary-bladder mucosa is defined as the portion of the lamina propria (LP) closest to the muscularis propria and contains the urothelium, a basement membrane, and the LP (1).
Improving the Efficiency of Transformers for Resource-Constrained\n Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transformers provide promising accuracy and have become popular and used in\nvarious domains such as natural language processing and computer vision.\nHowever, due to their massive number of model parameters, memory and\ncomputation requirements, they are not suitable for resource-constrained\nlow-power devices. Even with high-performance and specialized devices, the\nmemory bandwidth can become a performance-limiting bottleneck. In this paper,\nwe present a performance analysis of state-of-the-art vision transformers on\nseveral devices. We propose to reduce the overall memory footprint and memory\ntransfers by clustering the model parameters. We show that by using only 64\nclusters to represent model parameters, it is possible to reduce the data\ntransfer from the main memory by more than 4x, achieve up to 22% speedup and\n39% energy savings on mobile devices with less than 0.1% accuracy loss.\n
P2‐174: MODELING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MEDIATED BY MICROGLIAL TREM2 EXPRESSION

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline. The pathological hallmarks of the disease include amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and low-level, chronic neuroinflammation. The amyloid cascade hypothesis purports that AD pathogenesis is driven by Aβ accumulation leading to neuronal death. Recent genome-wide association studies have implicated Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) as a major risk factor for late onset AD. To explore the relationship between Trem2 and cerebral innate immunity, we developed a cell culture model using murine and human microglia. The system is designed to mimic innate immune tolerance by chronically stimulating microglia with overnight high dose Abeta and subsequent low dose recall stimulation. We have found that TREM2 protein expression is upregulated in LOAD patient brain homogenates compared to aged-matched controls. Data will be presented showing that chronic Abeta exposure increases Trem2 expression and perturbs microglial homeostasis. We have developed a novel cell culture paradigm to model the impact of chronic inflammation and innate immune tolerance mediated by interaction between microglial Trem2 receptor and Abeta. This system is expected to expand our understanding of the risk relationship between TREM2 and AD.
Implications of organisational factors on employee retention

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In today's market, organisations must understand their employees better. It is important to evolve when it comes to people, especially because it is the people who make the organisation. This study aims to increase knowledge about employee willingness to stay in organisations. Using PLS-SEM to test the research hypothesis, three constructs were analysed (organisational environment, organisational commitment, and balance between personal and professional life), to explore the influence on employee retention. Findings reveal that organisational commitment has a significant and positive effect on employee retention. However, the influence of personal and professional life balance on and organisational environment on employee retention was not supported.
sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873231211157 – Supplemental material for Association between blood pressure variability and outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: An individual patient data meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873231211157 for Association between blood pressure variability and outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: An individual patient data meta-analysis by Lina Palaiodimou, Raed A Joundi, Aristeidis H Katsanos, Niaz Ahmed, Joon-Tae Kim, Nitin Goyal, Ilko L Maier, Adam de Havenon, Mohammad Anadani, Marius Matusevicius, Eva A Mistry, Pooja Khatri, Adam S Arthur, Amrou Sarraj, Shadi Yaghi, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Luciana Catanese, Marios-Nikos Psychogios, Konark Malhotra, Alejandro M Spiotta, Sofia Vassilopoulou, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Else Charlotte Sandset, Andrei V Alexandrov, Nils Petersen and Georgios Tsivgoulis in European Stroke Journal
Bactericidal Activity of Phagocytin from Rabbits Exposed to Whole Body X-Radiation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Peritoneal exudates were induced in female rabbits and collected either 1, 5 or 30 days after total body exposure to 400 r and 1 or 5 days after 500 r. Exudate cells from unirradiated rabbits served as controls. Phagocytin was extracted from the exudate cells (heterophils) and tested for bactericidal activity against Escherichia colt, Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phagocytin from cells collected 1 day after exposure to 400 or 500 r and 5 days after exposure to 500 r showed a decreased activity against all the test micro-organisms. Phagocytin from cells collected 5 days after exposure to 400 r showed only a slight change in activity from controls. A marked increase in phagocytin activity was observed in extracts of cells collected 30 days after exposure to 400 r.
Dynamic Event-Triggered Stabilization for Markov Jump Delayed Complex-Valued Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper addresses the problem of stabilization for Markov jump complex-valued neural networks with time-varying delays. The Markov model is adopted to describe the abrupt changes in the parameters of system. In order to make better use of the limited network bandwidth, a novel dynamic event-triggered scheme (DETS) is developed to schedule the data transmission. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the delay-dependent stability criterion is presented. Finally, the simulation results are given to verify the usefulness of the proposed stabilizing method.
A Case of Non-occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia Preceded by Ischemic Colitis in the Transverse Colon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は86歳，男性．2017年7月（2週間前）に腹痛と血便が出現し，横行結腸の虚血性腸炎（ischemic colitis:以下ICと略記）と診断され，当院消化器内科で9日間の入院加療を行った．退院6日後，強い腹痛を主訴に救急外来を受診した．身体所見上明らかな腹膜刺激症状を認めなかったが，腹部造影CTで小腸と大腸の広範な拡張と門脈気腫像，および小腸の造影不良と腸管気腫像を認めたため，非閉塞性腸管虚血症（non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia:以下NOMIと略記）を疑い，緊急手術を施行した．開腹所見ではTreitz靱帯から270cm肛門側の小腸が150cmにわたり非連続性の腸管壊死に陥っており，壊死部の小腸部分切除および機能的端々吻合術を行った．術後経過良好であり，術後23病日に転院し，その後2年1カ月，再発なく経過している．本症例では上腸間膜動脈の支配領域である横行結腸と回腸に短期間で異時性にICとNOMIを発症した．右側型ICは左側型ICと比較して予後不良と言われているが，快復期間中に異時性の腸管虚血を発症する場合もあるので，慎重に診断，治療，経過観察を行う必要がある．
Immediate Umbilical Reconstruction after a Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Primary Cutaneous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Arising in the Umbilicus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm of glands commonly occurs in salivary glands. Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) is a rare form of ACC that primarily presents on the skin. Herein, we represent a rare case of PCACC occurred in the umbilicus in a 66-year-old Korean male patient. The patient visited our center with erythematous indurated patch on the umbilicus diagnosed as ACC by incisional biopsy at another center. The diagnosis of PCACC was confirmed by additional histopathologic examination and imaging study. We proceeded Mohs micrographic surgery and reconstructed umbilicus with tacked purse string suture. Local recurrence and distant metastasis were not observed during 30-month follow-up. We report this rare case of PCACC on the umbilicus so that dermatologist can aware of the rare disease. Furthermore, we recommend MMS and tacked purse string suture as effective methods for treatment of PCACC and immediate umbilical reconstruction.
Evolution of molar enamel microstructure in North American Notharctidae (primates)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Evolutionary changes in gross dental morphology and body size of early to middle Eocene North American notharctids is thought to reflect a dietary shift from frugivory to folivory;Cantiusspp. were largely frugivorous, whereasNotharctusspp. andCopelemurwere probably more folivorous. Here we report on the evolution of molar enamel microstructure in the notharctid clade and its relationship to adaptive change. Molar teeth of ten North American notharctids,Cantius ralstoni, Cantius mckennai, Cantius trigonodus, Cantius abditus, Cantiussp. (>C. abditus),Cantius venticolus, Copelemur praetutus, Notharctus nuniensus, Notharctus robinsoni, Notharctussp. (Bridger B), were studied using scanning electron and light microscopy. The simple enamel organization of earlyCantius(C. ralstoni,C. mckennai) consists of radial enamel and a thin layer of nonprismatic surface enamel.C. trigonodusandN. nuniensusenamels are more complex but prism decussation zones are indistinct and irregular. Later, larger-bodiedCantius(C. abditus,C. sp.,C. venticolus) show distinct, regular decussation zones, as doN. robinsoniand Bridger BNotharctus. However, there is no prism decussation in the smaller middle Wasatchian species,C. praetutus. This distribution of enamel types supports the hypothesis that prism decussation evolved independently within the notharctid clade in conjunction with increase in body size, but not with diet. Other aspects of enamel structure (prism patterns, relative orientations of crystallites) show little interspecific variation, and therefore, are of little taxonomic utility. All notharctids studied are characterized by a combination of closed and arc-shaped prisms. Arc-shaped, Pattern 3 prisms predominate and closed, Pattern 1 prisms are largely restricted to the most superficial prismatic enamel. It is likely that this arrangement is primitive for primates. Thus, most aspects of notharctid enamel structure appear to have been stable over the approximately 6 million years sampled here. The evolutionary change in enamel structure that did occur, the development of prism decussation, was more directly linked to body size change than to the dietary shift from frugivory to folivory documented by changes in their gross molar morphology.
Spatial pattern analysis of the incidence of Fusarium wilt of banana.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense , is a highly destructive disease and a major threat to the banana industry. Understanding how FW epidemics develop is key to establish efficient management strategies. Epidemiological factors such as weevil borer, wind, water and cultural practices have been suggested to affect epidemics. Temporal and spatial patterns of FW remain poorly investigated worldwide and no study was conducted in Brazil. This work aimed to assess the incidence and the spatial pattern of FW for gaining understanding about epidemic processes. Fourteen fields planted to ?Maçã? (Silk, AAB) or ?Prata Mineira? (Pome, AAB) located at four banana-producing regions of the states of São Paulo and Paraná were inspected from March to July of 2016. In each field, all plants were visually assessed and diseased plants were geo-referenced using a handheld GPS device. FW incidence was calculated as the proportion of diseased plants in the field. The total number of plants/field was estimated based on the number of rows and spacing of plants within rows. Incidence maps were made based on the geo-referenced data. A quadrat-based, using three sizes of quadrats, and a point-process distance-based method were used to detect the within-field spatial pattern. Due the various shapes and sizes of the fields, the number of quadrats ranged from 100 to 259, 27 to 73 and from 5 to 19, from the smallest to greatest quadrat size. For the quadrat data, the null hypothesis of complete spatial randomness (CSR) was tested using a Pearson ?2 statistics. For the point-process data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used to compare the observed and expected distributions under a function T (specified as both the x and y coordinates of the diseased plant in the field). Finally, to investigate the spatial dependence between neighbors, the L-function was used to test for deviations from randomness. The analyses were conducted using the spatstat package of R. The FW incidence ranged from 2.1 to 38.5% across the fields. ?Prata Mineira? was least affected, on average (8.9%), than ?Maçã? (17.2%). CRS was rejected for all fields when using the two smallest quadrat size, suggesting aggregation. CRS was not rejected for three ?Maçã? fields (11, 14 and 15) when using the largest quadrat size. The K-S test did not reject the hypothesis of CSR for two fields (8 and 11). The L-function suggested aggregated patterns for the most fields. There was greater spatial dependence for ?Prata Mineira? than ?Maçã?. Spatial patterns were congruent among the methods and the spatial pattern of FW varied with banana cultivar.
Effects of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of lactose on faecal bacterial populations and metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility in adult dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The effect of increasing dietary doses of lactose on canine faecal microbiota and apparent digestibility was evaluated. Fourteen adult healthy dogs [1–5 years of age, mean body weight (BW) of 19.0 kg] were fed with an extruded diet containing silica (5 g/kg) as a digestion marker. After a 20 d adaptation period, increasing doses of lactose were added to the dogs’ diet (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg BW0.75/d) during three consecutive 20-d supplementation periods. Faeces were collected at the end of each period for analyses. Four dogs refused the diet added with lactose at 0.5 g/kg BW0.75/d and were excluded from the trial, as well as two dogs, which developed acute diarrhoea when lactose was fed at 1 g/kg BW0.75/d. Conversely, eight dogs remained healthy throughout the study. Faecal moisture was influenced by lactose (quadratic, p = .001), while faecal pH and ammonia were not affected by treatments. Lactose supplementations tended to linearly decrease isovalerate (p = .051) and quadratically influence n-valerate (p = .056) in canine faeces. No changes in faecal microbial populations were observed. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, Ca, K, Mn and Fe was influenced by lactose supplementation (quadratic, p < .05). Increasing doses of lactose linearly decreased Mg digestibility (p < .05). Furthermore, coefficients of crude protein, crude ash, P, Mg and Zn digestibility were tendentially affected (quadratic, p = .055, .089, .091, .065 and .065, respectively). In conclusion, 8 of 14 dogs displayed a good tolerance (absence of gastrointestinal signs) up to the highest dose of lactose (2 g/kg BW0.75/d). An evident prebiotic effect was not observed.
Household pesticide use: attitudes, behaviors, and health risks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main objective of the scientific study was to determine the level of use and attitudes toward the use of pesticides designed for domestic use. Pesticides, intentionally released toxic substances, have the potential to cause adverse health effects even at very low exposure levels, including hormonal disorders, asthma, allergies, and cancer. The rate of pesticide usage and attitudes toward pesticides in the home were measured through an online questionnaire that was completed by a total of 250 respondents. Based on the data collected, we found that the majority of respondents use pesticides in their homes to control insects. The questions in the questionnaire were focused on the respondents' practices in handling, application, storage, disposal, and purchasing of pesticides. Exposure to pesticides can result in mild symptoms, such as vomiting, through to more severe consequences like cancer. Despite the risks associated with pesticide use, regulatory measures are in place; however, misuse often stems from improper storage and disposal practices. We found that gender did not influence safe pesticide handling behavior, although women exhibited more responsible behaviour in purchasing, storing, and disposing of pesticides. Compared to men, women had a higher overall mean score for attitude towards pesticides and thus approached pesticides more responsibly than men. We examined differences in pesticide handling behaviour between urban and rural residents. Based on the data collected, we found that attitudes towards pesticides of urban and rural dwellers are not different. Through the statistical analysis, we concluded that respondents' attitudes towards pesticides influence safe behaviour in purchasing, handling, storage, and disposal of pesticides. The more positive the respondents' attitude toward pesticides, the more responsible their attitude towards pesticides.
Relationship of the Big Five Personality Traits and Risk Aversion with Investment Intention of Individual Investors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This empirical research is aimed at testing the relationship of the big five personality traits namely openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and risk aversion with the investment intention of individual investors belonging to Balochistan, Pakistan. The primary data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire (a structured form that consists of a series of closed-ended and open-ended questions) from a sample of 397 active individual investors belonging to different districts of the province. The data is empirically analyzed by applying the Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling technique by using the estimation package available in Smart-PLS. The findings of this study suggest that all the variables are statistically significant with investors' investment intention with risk aversion as the strongest predictor. Moreover, openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and risk are significantly and positively related to an investor's investment intention, whereas neuroticism is negatively related to an investor's investment intention. The results extended by this study can be used by financial planners and investment bankers to channelize the available financial resources in diversified portfolios. The results will help financial planners to make available diverse investment alternatives for investors in Balochistan, thus catering to their unique needs. Academia must offer courses on contemporary finance paradigm based on behavioral finance to enable future business graduates to make wise financial decisions.
The mechanobiology of the nucleus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In addition to biochemical and molecular signals coming from the microenvironment, cells are able to sense and integrate mechanical stresses, additional fundamental regulators of cell behaviour. Emerging demonstrations indicate that mechanical cues go far beyond the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton, since, exerting tension on the outside local microenvironment via adhesions, cells develop an equal cytoskeletal stress on the nucleus inside, leading to 3D nuclear modifications. In this context, dynamic changes in nuclear lamina and the surrounding cytoskeleton modify mechanical properties of the nucleus affecting its structural arrangement, chromatin anchoring, 3D chromosome conformation and gene expression. Here we discuss findings supporting the role of the nucleus in cellular mechanosensing, ranging from how mechanical cues are transduced to the nucleus to how genome organization is influenced by cell mechanics.