jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Particleboard using Acacia Mangium Wood Particles Binded With Seaweed-Based Adhesives

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of particleboards made from Acacia mangium wood particles binded with three different types of seaweed-based adhesive. Red seaweed (RS), brown seaweed (BS) and green seaweed (GS) were used as the seaweed-based adhesives., while particleboard using urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive was produced as control. Adhesives and wood particles were mixed and then undergone mat-forming, pre-pressing, hot-pressing and conditioning process. The test pieces for bending test (Modulus of Elasticity, MOE; Modulus of Rupture, MOR), and internal bonding strength (IB) were cut into size according to JIS A 5908: 2003. From mechanical properties results attained, for internal bonding strength test, all boards using RS, BS and GS adhesives were found to be significantly different at p≤0.05. Apart from that, RS adhesive showed highest MOE and MOR at 529.4259 N/mm 2 and 1.7900 N/mm 2 , respectively. As a conclusion, the mechanical properties of particleboard using RS, BS, and GS adhesives showed RS stands out as the better adhesive among them which have significant effects on its strength.
Loosely coupled performance measurement systems

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter reports on the loosely coupled performance measurement practices of a high-performing restaurant chain (Ahrens and Chapman, 2004, 2007). Over a period of four years we observed a series of initiatives aimed at "tightening up" the performance measurement systems of the case company. However, none of these initiatives resolved the desire for what the finance director towards the end of the research period called "unambiguous performance information". Head office managers of all grades continued to demand performance measurement systems that allowed more comprehensive and detailed control over the operational decisions of restaurant managers. Whilst it was easy to see in principle how such systems could have been implemented, successive working parties did not change them. This was not for lack of market competition, and it did not result in lower performance. Indeed, managers felt competitive pressures intensify during the research period, and still managed to increase both the market share and the profitability of the case company.
Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic: Tuskegee, Colonialism, and the Shaping of African Industrial Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic, Andrew E. Barnes, a professor of history at Arizona State University, chronicles the Christian educational foray into Africa from 1880 to 1920. The book focuses on black industrial education that grew in the American South under Samuel Chapman Armstrong at the Hampton Institute and later, and most famously, Booker T. Washington at the Tuskegee Institute, and its transplanting in West Africa. Barnes sees the Christian proponents of industrial schooling in Africa as forces for progressive development of the continent and its people. Moreover, he concludes, “industrial education served as the leading edge of the African challenge to European conquest of Africa” (p. 6). The author presents critical perspective on the missionary presence in Africa when he mentions the exultation of white supremacy and the fact that some of the missionaries were enthralled with scientific racism. He says that scientific racism “lasted only a few generations, but it left an imprint” (p. xi). It is good to see, here and there in his work, attention given to the ideas of Alexander Crummell, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Marcus Garvey, John Dubay, and other leading voices for African restoration. Barnes also ventures into some vexing philosophical discourse under the rubric of Ethiopianism.
Evaluation of evidence of prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim This systematic review evaluated the quality of evidence for the prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff. Design This review was presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methods We retrieved the relevant studies from 19 databases. Using the literature evaluation standards and evidence grading system of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐Based Health Care Center, we evaluated the quality of the literature encompassing different types of research and assessed their levels of evidence. Results A total of 13 studies were included, including seven expert consensuses, two recommended practices, one clinical decision, one best practice information booklet, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial. In the end, 31 best evidence were summarized, including skin cleaning and care, PPE placement and movement, reasonable use of dressings, treatment measures and education and training.
DETERMINATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN SWEAT SECRET OF SEVERE FORMS OF POISONING - TOXIC COMA. CLINICAL MEANING.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim is to investigation of toxic substances in sweat secret, blood and urine of patients with toxic coma. Study includes 4 patients in toxic coma, caused by: amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, amitriptyline and clomipramine. The concentration of the drugs substances is determined in sweat samples, collected after stimulation of ecrine sweat glands, using the pilocarpin ionophoresis-a modificated method by Gibson and Cooc (1959), and in blood and urine, taken at the same time with the first sweat sample. The analytical procedure includes a separation of the drugs from the sample with organic solvent, concentrating the extract, followed by analysis of the extract with GC 5890-series II, equipped with MSD-5971 and LC 1090-series II, Hewlett Packard. We have proved that in all sweat samples drugs exist (amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, amitriptyline and clomipramine). The drug concentration in sweat, compared to blood and urine, is less in all samples..
Conversation and Civility

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the wake of Italian handbooks of good manners, France forged the figure of the honnête homme from 1630 onward. If his merits were evident in conversation, it was thanks to conversation itself that he was able to acquire them. A new form of sociability flourished, one in which women played a decisive role. A host of terms concurrently attempted to define gentle and refined manners, among others civilité (civility), politesse (courtesy), urbanité (urbane elegance), and galanterie (gallantry). Trained in the school of the world, the galant homme should not be confused with the honnête homme, whose ideal, with a solid moral basis, was reshaped by the late seventeenth century. The air galant converted the social qualities of refined society into aesthetic values, thus giving birth to a new form of modern literature, although not without quite a few objections. In its social dimension as well as in its artistic achievements, galanterie was a genuine cultural phenomenon. As such, it was and remained identified for a long time as a key feature of the French nation.
Aedes aegypti surveillance under the International Health Regulations - experience at Madeira Island

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Problem Aedes aegypti was first identified on Madeira Island in 2005, persisting since then. This mosquito transmits various haemorrhagic diseases and caused a Dengue outbreak in 2012-2013. The island has two seaports and one airport that may serve as points of entry or dissemination of these diseases, potentially leading to a new outbreak or international disease spread. We aimed to assess Ae. aegypti presence at the island’s seaports and airport during 2023. Description Data was collected from 52 entomological panels produced by the Regional Health Department throughout 2023. This data is publicly available on the Institute of Health Administration’s website. Ovitraps capture eggs, larvae, and pupae of Ae. aegypti, and BGtraps capture adult mosquitos. Positivity refers to the proportion of times an ovitrap recorded eggs in the entomological cycle. Results In 2023, there were 204 active ovitraps at the island (17 at the airport, 9 at Funchal’s seaport 8 at Caniçal’s seaport) and 24 BGtraps (2 at the airport, 2 at Funchal’s port and 1 at Caniçal’s port). Weekly reports revealed a median of 2243 (0-14448) eggs and 14 (0-234) mosquitos in all traps. Positivity was higher in the second semester. On average, ovitraps’ positivity at the airport (avg 6.4%; 0-59%) and at Caniçal’s port (avg 2.8%; 0-47%) were lower than the positivity of the island (avg 14.8%). Funchal’s port had a higher positivity than the island (avg 15.9%; 0-67%). Per-ovitrap, the average weekly positivity rate rose by 15%, 10% and 5% at Caniçal’s port, airport and Funchal’s port, respectively, compared to 2012-2022. Lessons Ae. aegypti’s eggs prevalence increased in 2023. The high positivity of eggs suggests an increased likelihood of mosquitos nearby. The detection of immature forms triggers actions to prospect the surrounding area for identification and elimination of breeding grounds, as well as the placement of salt in water accumulation areas. This is particularly important at high-traffic areas such as seaports and airports. Key messages • The increase in Ae. aegypti egg positivity in 2023 on Madeira Island suggests a higher risk of disease transmission. • It is essential to prioritize vector control measures at seaports and the airport in Madeira Island.
Congenital neonatal chylothorax with hydrops fetalis treated with octreotide.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital idiopathic chylothorax is the most common form of pleural effusion in neonates. It results from collection of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space secondary to leakage from the thoracic duct or one of its main tributaries. Chylothorax complicated by hydrops fetalis in a premature or term infant is an uncommon, serious clinical problem. We report on two cases with congenital chylothorax both treated with octreotide. One of the cases responded well to octreotide treatment, while the other did not. We conclude that octreotide should be considered in the treatment of neonatal chylothorax.
The Respiratory Metabolism of Nothrus silvestris Nicolet (Acari)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Measurements of oxygen consumption at 10C were made, using the Cartesian Diver Microrespirometer, for the soil dwelling Oribatid mite Nothrus silvestris Nicolet throughout its life cycle. Results indicate that the larvae have relatively low respiratory rates. That of the protonymph is high and there is a decrease approximately exponentially, through the successive nymphal instars. Two metabolic categories of adult were recognised, breeding and non-breeding. In the former category respiratory rates were found to be higher than in the latter. The relationship between oxygen consumption and temperature was determined from measurements made at the additional temperatures of 50C, 15'C and 20'C. Pe3IoMe
Evaluation of a decision aid for incidental genomic results, the Genomics ADvISER: protocol for a mixed methods randomised controlled trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Genome sequencing, a novel genetic diagnostic technology that analyses the billions of base pairs of DNA, promises to optimise healthcare through personalised diagnosis and treatment. However, implementation of genome sequencing faces challenges including the lack of consensus on disclosure of incidental results, gene changes unrelated to the disease under investigation, but of potential clinical significance to the patient and their provider. Current recommendations encourage clinicians to return medically actionable incidental results and stress the importance of education and informed consent. Given the shortage of genetics professionals and genomics expertise among healthcare providers, decision aids (DAs) can help fill a critical gap in the clinical delivery of genome sequencing. We aim to assess the effectiveness of an interactive DA developed for selection of incidental results. Methods and analysis We will compare the DA in combination with a brief Q&A session with a genetic counsellor to genetic counselling alone in a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial. Patients who received negative standard cancer genetic results for their personal and family history of cancer and are thus eligible for sequencing will be recruited from cancer genetics clinics in Toronto. Our primary outcome is decisional conflict. Secondary outcomes are knowledge, satisfaction, preparation for decision-making, anxiety and length of session with the genetic counsellor. A subset of participants will complete a qualitative interview about preferences for incidental results. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by research ethics boards of St. Michael’s Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. This research poses no significant risk to participants. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel patient-centred tool to support clinical delivery of incidental results. Results will be shared through national and international conferences, and at a stakeholder workshop to develop a consensus statement to optimise implementation of the DA in practice. Trial registration number NCT03244202 ; Pre-results.
Physics Mechanisms of Enhanced Recovery By Fines-migration-assisted Waterflooding (Laboratory Study)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Several different physics mechanisms yield in enhanced oil recovery with low salinity water flooding: reduction in interfacial tension, alteration of wettability, mobilization and size exclusion of fines. In this paper the laboratory study of fines migration and straining during low salinity waterflooding is performed. First, single-phase flood with piece-wise salinity decreasing was carried out to assure the presence of movable fines in the rocks under investigation. The, sequential waterflooding by formation water, restoration of the connate water with oil and waterflooding by fresh water, were undertaken. The laboratory tests have been performed under the conditions of large scale approximation, so Welge-JBN methods for determining relative phase permeability were applicable. The relative permeability curves were obtained from the coreflood data. The obtained curves show that the permeability for water increases at low water saturations while it decreases at high saturations. The non-monotonic behavior of relative permeability for water is the main finding of this paper.
Compact and efficient single-frequency Nd : YVO/sub 4/ laser with variable longitudinal-mode discrimination

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show for the first time that the longitudinal-mode discrimination in a birefringently filtered laser can be tuned through the variation of the waveplating action of the gain crystal. In this way, the laser can be optimized for either high intermodal discrimination or for frequency tuning with reduced output power rolloff. Up to 760 mW of single-frequency 1064-nm output is obtained from a compact diode-pumped source that can be frequency chirped over 6.5 GHz.
Organoleptic, Chemical, and Microbial Characteristics of Extrudate Products from the Synthesis of Shrimp Shell and Milk Bones Waste as a High Source of Protein and Calcium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The high level of shrimp and milkfish commodity waste which is not managed further in the small and medium enterprise industry in East Java can cause various problems, one of which is the aspect of health and environmental pollution. Therefore, innovative efforts are needed to manage this waste by turning it into an extruded snack product. This research will use an experimental study by starting with the synthesis of shrimp shell and bone waste into flour which is then mixed with corn granules and processed using an extruder machine according to the specified formulation (70:30, 50:50, 30:70). After that, the extrudate product will be analyzed in the laboratory to carry out organoleptic tests, chemical tests and microbial tests. The organoleptic test results obtained were then analyzed using the variance analysis method and the Duncan advanced test, while the chemical test and microbial test results were carried out with descriptive analysis by comparing the SNI 01-2886-2015 standard regarding extruded snacks. The results of this research describe the organoleptic, chemical and microbial characteristics of the extrudate product from the synthesis of milkfish bone shrimp shell waste combined with corn granules based on the specified formulation, namely with proportions of 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 so that it can be determined which formulation is best.
What, if anything, is a brackish-water fauna?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The nature of the fauna of brackish-water environments is reviewed. It is concluded that: (a) a specific brackish-water macrofauna does not exist; (b) in salinities of > c . 5-8‰ the fauna is one that also occurs in soft sediments under fully marine conditions when circumstances (possibly the absence of competing species) permit; (c) in salinities of < c . 5‰ the fauna is essentially a freshwater one; and (d) inability to cope physiologically with brackish water is not a factor of major importance in limiting species diversity in these habitats, except in the vicinity of 5‰ salinity. Caution is therefore advised in assigning brackish status to past environments on the basis of their preserved fauna.
Protein glycosylation during infection by plant pathogenic fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Glycosylation is a conserved set of post‐translational modifications that exists in all eukaryotic cells. During the last decade, the role of glycosylation in plant pathogenic fungi has received significant attention and considerable progress has been made especially in Ustilago maydis and Magnaporthe oryzae . Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the role of N‐ glycosylation, O‐ glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors during plant infection by pathogenic fungi. We highlight the roles of these processes in regulatory mechanisms associated with appressorium formation, host penetration, biotrophic growth and immune evasion. We argue that improved knowledge of glycosylation pathways and the impact of these modifications on fungal pathogenesis is overdue and could provide novel strategies for disease control.
Desiccation-Tolerance in Lichens: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Desiccation-tolerance, the ability to revive from the air-dried state, is found in prokaryotes, algae and bryophytes, and occasionally in pteridophytes, but is very rare in the vegetative tissues of angiosperms or in animal tissues. However, the vast majority of lichens are desiccation-tolerant. Under natural conditions, the life of most lichens is characterized by rapidly changing water contents, and correspondingly rapidly changing physiological activity such as respiration and photosynthesis. Taken to the extreme, some lichens can revive after being desiccated under controlled laboratory conditions for many months. As a result of their desiccation-tolerance, lichens are extremophiles and can live in places no higher plant can. They may be the predominant life-form in ecosystems characterized by severe environmental stresses such as Arctic, Antarctic and alpine regions, as well as deserts. This review critically assesses our current knowledge about desiccation-tolerance in lichens, concentrating on mechanisms that protect from desiccation-induced damage. Evidence available from other desiccation-tolerant life-forms suggests that desiccation-tolerance is a multifaceted trait involving a suite of interacting mechanisms. The majority of recent studies on mechanisms of lichen desiccation-tolerance have focused on the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, which therefore forms a major part of this review. It is argued that effective control of reactive oxygen species and mutual up-regulation of protective mechanisms was critically important for the evolution of lichens, facilitating the transition from free-living fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria to the lichenized state. Recently developed tools of molecular biology, particularly from the -omics disciplines, have only just started to be applied to lichens. There remain many unsolved questions as to how lichens survive desiccation and the authors hope to encourage more scientists to investigate this intriguing phenomenon.
Cardiac Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoform Regulates Myocardial Contraction and Calcium Handling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has recently been located to the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Subcellular localization of a constitutive NOS in the proximity of an activating source of Ca 2+ suggests that cardiac nNOS-derived NO may regulate contraction by exerting a highly specific and localized action on ion channels/transporters involved in Ca 2+ cycling. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated myocardial Ca 2+ handling and contractility in nNOS knockout mice (nNOS −/− ) and in control mice (C) after acute nNOS inhibition with 100 μmol/L L-VNIO. nNOS gene disruption or L-VNIO increased basal contraction both in left ventricular (LV) myocytes (steady-state cell shortening 10.3±0.6% in nNOS −/− versus 8.1±0.5% in C; P <0.05) and in vivo (LV ejection fraction 53.5±2.7 in nNOS −/− versus 44.9±1.5% in C; P <0.05). nNOS disruption increased I Ca density (in pA/pF, at 0 mV, −11.4±0.5 in nNOS −/− versus −9.1±0.5 in C; P <0.05) and prolonged the slow time constant of inactivation of I Ca by 38% ( P <0.05), leading to an increased Ca 2+ influx and a greater SR load in nNOS −/− myocytes (in pC/pF, 0.78±0.04 in nNOS −/− versus 0.64±0.03 in C; P <0.05). Consistent with these data, [Ca 2+ ] i transient (indo-1) peak amplitude was greater in nNOS −/− myocytes (410/495 ratio 0.34±0.01 in nNOS −/− versus 0.31±0.01 in C; P <0.05). These findings have uncovered a novel mechanism by which intracellular Ca 2+ is regulated in LV myocytes and indicate that nNOS is an important determinant of basal contractility in the mammalian myocardium. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.