jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cellular growth and identification of stromal gene signatures in breast cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Normal tissue is tightly controlled to keep a balance between reproduction and elimination of cells. In cancer, these regulated processes are disrupted, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. Regulation of RNA stability and turnover is important to maintain cellular homeostasis and can be controlled by various mechanisms. During stress, the cell can form cytoplasmic complexes of proteins and RNAs, called stress granules, to inhibit translation of proteins unnecessary for the cell during harmful conditions and focus translation on stress-related proteins. In neuroblastoma and breast cancer cell lines, we have found that the protein kinase Cα (PKCα) isoform can influence stress granule formation in a stress inducer-specific way. Depletion of PKCα led to a delayed stress response along with an initial loss of eIF2α phosphorylation in heat shock, but not arsenite, treated cells. G3BP proteins are well-known stress inducers and we identified a direct interaction between PKCα and the G3BP2 isoform. G3BP2 belongs to a family of three homologous proteins with RNA-regulating capacities. With the aim to identify specific RNA targets, we performed a gene expression analysis and detected a negative regulation of the peripheral myelin protein (PMP22) by the G3BP1 isoform. The previously reported growth suppressing effects by PMP22 was here verified in breast cancer cells and we could show that G3BP1 influences growth regulation by reducing PMP22 expression, although not through mRNA destabilizing mechanisms. Another RNA regulating mechanism that can promote or prevent tumor progression are mRNA silencing through miRNA. We analyzed miR-34c and its function in breast cancer and identified impaired cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, which might be due to regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex protein Cdc23. The tumor is not a homogenous compartment, but consists of various different cell types, both among the cancer cells as well as in the surrounding stroma. We have developed a methodological procedure for isolation and characterization of cancer- and stroma-specific genes using laser capture microdissection on FFPE triple negative breast cancers. Gene expression microarrays of these samples revealed compartment specific gene expression and enabled identification of stromal-specific gene signatures with tumor-predictive capacity.
Colchicine induced tetraploids of four Atylosia species.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Colchicine induced tetraploids in four species of Atylosia were produced. Comparative cytomorphological studies in all the species of Atylosia and thair tetraploids were done. Induced tetraploids showed vigour for cerain morphological characters such as size of leaf, flower, stomata and pollen grains as compared to their diploids. The seed setting, however, was much less in the tetraploids than the diploids.Based on the present investigation it is suggested that the size of stomata and pollen grains could be considered as reliable criteria for judging polyploidy in these Atylosia species. A considerable reduction in multivalent frequency from C0 to C1 generation was noticed in all the tetraploids of these Atylosia species. There was no species difference at polyploid level with respect to various cytomorphological characters studied.
Analyse de la pratique enseignante universitaire : cas de la chimie organique

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is an empirical case study, which our purpose is to analyze the practice of a university professor, expert in organic chemistry, a complex discipline both in teaching and learning. We place ourselves in the theoretical framework of the Joint Action Theory in Didactics (JATD). We have developed methodological elements to understand the phenomena in situ and we come to infer some professorial action determinants.
Dynamics of premixed hydrogen flames forced by harmonic velocity oscillations : scaling and prediction of transfer functions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen and ammonia are crucial carbon-free fuels to ensure sustainable power production with minimal 𝐶𝑂2 emissions in gas turbines. These carbon-neutral fuels possess different combustion properties to that of natural gas: increased reactivity (laminar consumption speed) and non-unity Lewis numbers (propensity for thermo-diffusive instabilities). Therefore, the implications of a change in fuel on the flame dynamic characteristics must be better understood. This is important in the context of thermoacoustic instabilities, which is an important practical problem affecting the stable operation of aircraft gas turbine combustors. In this work, we examine the response of hydrogen-air premixed flames to acoustic perturbations. We consider a geometrically simple slit-flame configuration where the kinematic restoration is the primary mechanism driving the flame response to acoustic disturbances. We compute the flame transfer functions of hydrogen flames and elucidate the differences to natural gas flames using high-fidelity numerical computations. Further, the computational results are also compared to analytical models based on the flame front tracking equation (G-equation) to reveal useful insight on the scaling of the transfer functions. The key contribution of this paper is the proposition of a parameter based on the stretch-affected global consumption speed to scale the transfer functions of hydrogen flames across different conditions.
The role of mitochondrial dynamics in mtDNA maintenance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The dynamic nature of mitochondria, which can fuse, divide and move throughout the cell, allows these critical organelles to adapt their function in response to cellular demands, and is also important for regulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). While it is established that impairments in mitochondrial fusion and fission impact the mitochondrial genome and can lead to mtDNA depletion, abnormal nucleoid organization or accumulation of deletions, it is not entirely clear how or why remodeling mitochondrial network morphology affects mtDNA. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of how mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the regulation of mtDNA and discuss links to human disease.
The effect of withdrawal of phenacetin-containing analgesics on the incidence of kidney and urothelial cancer and renal failure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incidence data for cancers of the kidney and urinary tract (1973-83) and for end stage renal failure (ESRF) due to analgesic nephropathy (1973-86) were examined by loglinear regression to determine the effect of the withdrawal of phenacetin from analgesic preparations in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Allowing for the altered age and sex structure of the population, the incidence rate between 1973-83 for ESRF due to analgesic nephropathy, in persons aged between 5 and 54 years, decreased by 4.2% per year while that for ESRF excluding patients with analgesic nephropathy or diabetes increased annually by 1.3%. The incidence rates in persons over 14 years of age for cancer of the renal parenchyma (3.4% per year), renal pelvis (5.5%) and bladder (2.1%) increased significantly more than that for cancer at all sites (1.2%). Thus the decrease in ESRF due to analgesic nephropathy had not, by 1983, been paralleled by a decrease in renal parenchymal or urothelial cancer.
[Gastric Cancer in Early Stage: study of 371 lesions in 340 patients in the E. Rebagliati National, Lima-Peru].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This was determined in 70 patients: In 55 with ulcer, none showed achlorhydria 0%, 20 (36%) hypochlorhydria, 20 (36%) normochlorhydria and 15 (28%) hyperacidity. In 16 in an elevated form 13 (87.5%) with achlorhydria, 1 (6.5%) with hypochlorhydria, 1 (6.5%) with normal acidity. Average in ulcerated cases DAB 3.04 +/- 1.25 mEqh and DAM 12.31 +/- 8.00. In elevated cases: DAB 0.89 +/- 0.32 and DAM 2.20 +/- 0.95 mEqh.
Flexibility in Cross-organizational WS-BPEL Business Processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cross-organizational business processes involve interactions offered as services which are orchestrated across multiple organizations. As in local intra-organizational processes, this type of processes also needs to handle exceptional situations, in order to become more flexible and automatically managed by business process management systems. Typically, exception handling is defined locally within the scope of an intra-organizational business process, using the appropriate business process modelling language constructs. However, these constructs do not foresee exceptions that occur in cross- organizational processes. In this paper we propose a WS-BPEL extension to define an interface between cross- organizational processes, in order to monitor the state of each interacting process and, consequently, define cross- organizational exception behaviour. We also present a prototype implementation of our proposed extensions by using a model transformation approach and an open-source business process engine.
Fission Yeast Eso1p Is Required for Establishing Sister Chromatid Cohesion during S Phase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for cell viability. We have isolated a novel temperature-sensitive lethal mutant named eso1-H17 that displays spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic delay and abnormal chromosome segregation. At the permissive temperature, the eso1-H17 mutant shows mild sensitivity to UV irradiation and DNA-damaging chemicals. At the nonpermissive temperature, the mutant is arrested in M phase with a viability loss due to a failure to establish sister chromatid cohesion during S phase. The lethal M-phase arrest phenotype, however, is suppressed by inactivation of a spindle checkpoint. The eso1(+) gene is not essential for the onset and progression of DNA replication but has remarkable genetic interactions with those genes regulating the G(1)-S transition and DNA replication. The N-terminal two-thirds of Eso1p is highly homologous to DNA polymerase eta of budding yeast and humans, and the C-terminal one-third is homologous to budding yeast Eco1p (also called Ctf7p), which is required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Deletion analysis and determination of the mutation site reveal that the function of the Eco1p/Ctf7p-homologous domain is necessary and sufficient for sister chromatid cohesion. On the other hand, deletion of the DNA polymerase eta domain in Eso1p increases sensitivity to UV irradiation. These results indicate that Eso1p plays a dual role during DNA replication. The C-terminal region acts to establish sister chromatid cohesion, and the N-terminal region presumably catalyzes translesion DNA synthesis when template DNA contains lesions that block regular DNA replication.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Diterpenoid Rearrangement Product.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Assembling Desire, Love and Affect in an Art Museum School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter is comprised of desire, love and affective flows that passed through an emblematic art museum school as it was being shut down. Moving through this space are matters of power, race, belonging, loss and identity. Fueled by capacities of bodies to affect and be affected, the authors join in a second-person account of their experiences during the dissolution of the school based on Deleuze's concept of event. To one side of the event is past debris: the founding of the historic art museum school, and how its romantic ideals recently collided with political agendas and capital flows. On the other side of the event is the "yet to come," potential. Cramped between the two spaces is a desiring, art production of affective objects arranged around a gallery based on the theme of love–printed texts on postcards, audio recordings, love letters, dream telling, books about love–situated around a bed, a place of lovemaking, births, deaths and dreaming.
Costal Cartilage Graft to Prevent Drooping after Free Flap Reconstruction of the Lower Lip

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: For large lower lip defects, a thin flap combined with a tendon is the standard reconstructive option. However, this method can result in flap ptosis, which occurred in two of our patients. To correct the ptosis, we transplanted costal cartilage into the reconstructed lower lips, which produced good or moderate results. We report our experience based on long-term follow-up. In case 1, reconstruction was performed with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Within 10 years of the first cartilage transplant, two additional surgeries were required due to cartilage/screw breakage. These problems may have been triggered by the bulkiness of the flap and/or the angle at which the cartilage was anchored in place. There have not been any further problems for 3 years. In case 2, reconstruction was performed with a free anterolateral thigh flap. The skin around the flap had poor extensibility, and the patient had marked Class II occlusion. We grafted cartilage without fixing it to the mandible. However, temporary interference with the maxillary dentition was observed. In conclusion, costal cartilage grafts are effective against flap ptosis after free flap reconstruction of the lower lip in patients without Class II occlusion. To achieve long-term stability, the optimal angle and positioning of the cartilage and the extensibility of the skin must be thoroughly investigated before surgery, and a thick piece of cartilage must be firmly fixed in place.
Evaluation of the NO Scavenging Activity of Procyanidin in Grape Seed by Use of the TMA-PTIO/NOC 7 ESR System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The nitrogen monoxide (NO) scavenging activity of grape seed extract (GSE) was studied in the TMA-PTIO/NOC 7 system. The procyanidin-rich (>95%) GSE showed strong NO scavenging activity in the system. The activity was found to depend on the condensation rate of cyanidin when synthetic oligomers were tested. Investigation of the NO scavenging activities of other polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate) in the TMA-PTIO/NOC 7 system revealed that gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate exhibited strong activities. From the results, it was suggested that the high condensation rate of and the gallate ester moiety in procyanidin in GSE may play an important role in the NO scavenging activity. The mechanism of the NO scavenging activity of phenolic compounds such as GSE is speculated to be as follows: NO reacts with phenolic compounds directly to generate phenoxy radicals.
Growth Effects of Income and Consumption Taxes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The effects of income and consumption taxation are examined in the context of models in which the growth process is driven by the accumulation of human and physical capital. The different channels through which these taxes affect economic growth are discussed. It is shown that the effects of taxation on growth depend crucially on whether the sector producing human capital is a market sector, on the technology for human capital accumulation and on the specification of the leisure activity. In general, the taxation of factor incomes (human and physical capital) is growth-reducing, while the effects of a consumption tax depend on the specification of leisure. The paper also derives implications for the growth-maximizing choice of tax instruments.
KARAKTERISTIK LAGU-LAGU KEBANGSAAN ARAB: ANALISIS FONOLOGI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the phonetic characteristics of the Arabic national anthems. The object of this research is the national anthems of three countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. This research used a linguistic-phonetic approach. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis. The results described that there were differences in vowel and consonant characteristics between the national anthems of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. Based on the number, the comparison in the national anthems of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco was 84:156:142 for vowels, 15:44:19 for semi-vowels, and 82:161:110 for consonants. The Egyptian national anthem used long vowels (31.4%) more dominantly than the national anthems of Saudi Arabia and Morocco, while the Saudi Arabian national anthem used more thick (6%) and semi-thick (6%) vowels compared to Egyptian and Moroccan national anthems. For the consonant level, the three national anthems were dominated by alveodental consonants, the letters that come from the tip of the tongue, namely 39% for the Saudi Arabian, 34.2% for the Egyptian, and 36.4% for the Moroccan national anthems.┬á
Morbidity and CD4+ Cell Counts at Initial Presentation of a Cohort of HAART-Naive, HIV Positive Kenyan Patients: Implications to Initiating HAART

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background : Sub-Saharan Africa with under 10% of the worldfs total population accounts for 60-70% of all HIV/AIDS cases. While these patients require HAART to manage the disease, HAART is not universally available. Majority of the patients are in resource-constrained settings, have multiple co- morbidities/infections, opportunistic infections, present late for treatment and are in the advanced stages of the HIV/A}IDS infection. Objective : To describe the CD4+ cell counts, opportunistic infections and laboratory parameters of a cohort of HIV positive, HAART-naive patients at first presentation. Design : Cross sectional, prospective, descriptive, consecutive entry study. Setting : Kisumu District Hospital wards (medical, surgical) and medical outpatient clinic, Nairobi Rheumatology Clinic, Nairobi West Hospital and the Mater Hospital between January 2001 and December 2008. Main outcome measures : Socio-demographic parameters, opportunistic infections, CD4+ cell counts and complete blood count, biochemistry, HBsAg markers and anti- HCV serostatus. Results : Eight hundred and thirty four (350 males and 484 females) patients were screened. Three hundred and seventy (94 males and 276 females) patients were excluded. Four hundred and sixty four (256 males and 208 females) patients were finally included in the study. The mean age was 37.2 }10.6 years, range (12-78). The M: F ratio was 1.2:1. The mean CD4+ cell count was 106.5 } 125.2 cells/µl manifesting severe immnosuppression. Fifteen (3.2%), 19(4.1%), 43(9.3%) and 387(83.5%) had CD4+ cell counts of > 500, 350-499, 200-349 and < 200 cells/ƒEl respectively. The mean white blood cell count was 8.63 } 8.8 ~ 103/ml (4.8-10.8 ~ 103/µl). Over half (51.3%) patients had leucopaenia, white cell count < 4.8 ~ 103/µl, 35 (7.5%) had leucocytosis and the rest 191 (41.2%) patients had normal white blood cell counts. The mean haemoglobin level was 7.16 } 5.01 g/dl (12-18 g/dl) and 154 (33.2%) had haemoglobin level < 5g/dl manifesting severe anaemia. The patients had multiple co-morbidities and 248 (53.4%) had . 2 co-morbidities. Conclusion : The patients presented with severe immunosuppression evidenced by low CD4+ cell counts, anaemia and multiple co-morbidities. Majority presented late at which point the cost of management is high and outcomes are likely to be poor. They required HAART and prompt management of the co-morbidities to mitigate morbidity and reduce mortality. It would be prudent to study treatment outcomes and their determinants overtime in patients with severe HIV disease. Also, requiring study is how long such patients with severe HIV disease who commence HAART would last on first line treatment before requirement of alternative treatment.
Riboflavin Nutritional Status of Rats Suffering from Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nutritional status of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient rats with regards to riboflavin was evaluated. D-Amino acid oxidase activity in livers of rats fed EFA deficient diet was significantly reduced. Essential fatty acid deficiency did not have any effect on the total riboflavin content in the kidneys and livers, but there appeared to be a reduction in flavin mucleotide concentration in kidney. Increasing the riboflavin content of the EFA deficient diet was not effective in restoring the enzyme activity. Realimentation of EFA deficient rats with safflower oil alone increased the enzyme activity in liver and the flavin nucleotides in kidney to levels found in control rats. It is suggested that the reduction observed in D-amino acid oxidase activity in EFA deficiency could be due to a decreased synthesis of flavin nucleotides from free riboflavin and/or to increased hydrolysis of flavin adenine dinucleotides.
Comparative study of photovoltaic pumping systems using a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and an asynchronous motor (ASM)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic performances of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and an asynchronous motor (ASM) connected to a photovoltaic (PV) array through an inverter are analyzed. The mathematical models of PV array, inverter/motor and controller are developed. The photovoltaic array is represented by an equivalent circuit whose parameters are computed using experimentally determined current-voltage I-V characteristics. The necessary computer algorithm is developed to analyze the performance under different conditions of the solar illumination for pump load. The study also examines the effectiveness of the drive system both for starting and DC link voltage fluctuations caused by varying solar illumination.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 99 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Probarbus jullieni Sauvage, 1880" ] } The dataset includes 99 records from 21 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0140560-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Partially Empty Sella Syndrome: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Empty sella syndrome is characterized by the shrinkage or flattening of the pituitary gland. On an MRI scan, thepituitary gland appears invisible when it undergoes this process. This causes the pituitary gland region to appearas an "empty sella,” though the sella is not truly empty as it is frequently filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).The fluid that envelops the brain and spinal cord is called CSF. In empty sella syndrome, the pituitary is understrain because CSF has seeped into the sella turcica. As a result, the gland becomes flattened or shrunk.Primary empty sella syndrome occurs when the arachnoid layer, which covers the brain protrudes into the sellaand exerts pressure on the pituitary gland.