jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Uterine natural killer cells: To protect and to nurture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the course of pregnancy, the maternal‐fetal interface is tightly regulated and undergoes dynamic changes that promote the successful development of the semi‐allogeneic fetus. In response to embryo implantation, the uterus remodels with maternal immune cells occupying the maternal‐fetal interface and uterine natural killer (uNK) cells becoming the most prominent leukocyte. Recently, uNK cells have been discovered to be heterogeneous, including conventional NK and tissue‐resident NK cells. Here, we will review the recent advances in uNK cell biology and discuss their functional mechanisms which protect and nurture the growing fetus.
Comparison of three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors assessed three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder: DSM-III, the checklist criteria of Spitzer et al., and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients. In an inpatient sample of 51 patients, 43 (84%) met the criteria of at least one of these systems; analyses were carried out on 28 of these patients. Twelve (43%) of these 28 patients met criteria for all three systems, seven (25%) for two systems, and nine (32%) for only one system. Kernberg's structural criteria showed reasonable overlap with the other diagnostic criteria. Affective disorders were prominent across diagnostic measures in this sample of borderline patients.
Three Experiments Concerned with Pitch Perception

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Three experiments indicate that the place of the excitation along the basilar membrane determines pitch perception. (1) Without changing the periodicity of a tone, its pitch can be raised or lowered by masking. (2) The changes in the size of a sound image produced by masking can be explained in terms of the place theory of hearing. (3) Pitch sensations seem to be connected in an orderly way to place of excitation along the basilar membrane, since it is possible to observe the time differences required by the traveling waves to reach the different places along the membrane.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl Sulfonamides from Sodium Sulfinates in Green Solvents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Functionalized aryl sulfonamides are important building blocks in the pharmaceutical industry. A one-step synthesis catalyzed by a copper salt was developed using stable solid commodity chemicals in sulfolane or, alternatively, in green solvents such as γ-valerolactone, iPrOAc, or nBuOAc with acetic acid. The method tolerated diverse functional groups commonly presented in current medicines and drug intermediates. The mechanistic study showed a radical coupling pathway between the sulfonyl and anilinium radicals through the use of K2S2O8 and copper catalyst, respectively.
Musical-Activity Therapy as a Supplemental Method of Rehabilitating Children with Bronchial Asthma

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article presents the methodological principles of active (musical-activity) therapy and presents the argument for the mechanisms by which directed musical-plastic and singing techniques affect the key abnormalities in the set of symptoms of children with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. It describes a study, based on the outlined hypotheses, that was conducted at a Moscow children’s clinic and presents the results of a comparison of the efficacy of rehabilitation programs in three groups of patients: two groups with music therapy of different durations and drug therapy and one group without music therapy, with drug therapy alone. In addition, cases are shown in which musical-activity therapy is effective when drugs have been eliminated in conditions when observation is conducted at the clinic. The study entitles the authors to say that the therapeutic efficacy among children with asthmatic syndrome of the musical-activity therapy devised by the authors has been proven.
Data from: A critical assessment of the stoichiometric knife-edge: no evidence for artefacts caused by the experimental P-supplementation of algae

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The stoichiometric knife-edge refers to the reduced performance of consumers encountering food with excess phosphorus (P) relative to carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). Studies that provide evidence for such knife-edge in aquatic systems often apply phosphate supplementation to create P-rich food treatments. However, this method may suffer from artefacts, because after uptake algae may store P in a form different from the P-rich biomolecules typically consumed by zooplankton. Our aim was to test if P supplementation results in potential biases. We experimentally exposed populations of the herbivore rotifer species, Brachionus calyciflorus (Pallas), to four different food quality treatments: algae grown under P-saturating (HPchem, molar C:P ratio=59.7±2.7) and P-sufficient (MPchem, molar C:P=116.3±5.2) conditions in chemostats, and algae grown under P-limiting conditions, but with molar C:P ratios equal to HPchem and MPchem treatments, respectively (HPLP+P, molar C:P =59.8±0.14; MPLP+P, molar C:P=121.0±4.3). The latter two treatments were achieved through P-supplementation of P-limited algae. Results show that for rotifers fed algae with either excess or intermediate P content, population growth rates were consistently higher on algae grown in chemostats than algae treated with the P supplementation method. Importantly, growth rates were also consistently lower in HP than in MP treatments and the magnitude of this negative impact was independent on algal growth history. The latter result confirms the existence of a stoichiometric knife-edge, and indicates that P supplementation is a reliable method to study the relative effect of excess P on zooplankton performance in a standardized way.
The Effect of Hemoglobin Level on Arteriovenous Fistula Survival in Iranian Hemodialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective End-stage renal disease (ESRD) poses steadily growing challenges to health care systems worldwide. Renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis (HD) or kidney transplantation is the only possibility for ESRD patient survival. A complete correction of anemia in HD patients may lead to an increased risk of vascular arteriovenous fistula (AVF) primary failure; some studies have demonstrated that decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hb) had adverse effects on cardiac and brain function. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of different risk factors, especially the Hb level on AVF survival. Methods Prospective observational data were analyzed from a non-randomized sample (n=100) of HD patients who were referred for first AVF creation between April 2005 and December 2006 with <1 month on HD. The relative risk (RR) of access primary failure was evaluated in four different groups of patients divided according to their Hb levels (<8, 8–10, 10–12, and >12 g/dL). Other factors possibly influencing vascular access (VA) survival were also considered including gender, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, parathyroid hormone levels, ACE inhibitor intake and triglyceride levels. The analyses were performed using SPSS v.11.5, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox's regression and log rank test. Results There was a statistically significant higher risk of AVF primary failure in patients with Hb <8 g/dL (RR=1.41; p=0.01), diabetes (RR=1.21; p=0.05), age>60 yrs (RR=1.41; p=0.06) were identified as predictive factors for AVF primary failure. ACE inhibitor intake (RR=0.45; p=0.01) was found to be protective. Conclusion Correction of serum Hb level can lead to a better result in VA survival and ACE inhibitor intake was found to be a protective factor.
Decision-making approaches focusing on best parameter-object pair for soft set

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The pursuit of studies related to the parameterization tool, which offers advantageous gains in analyzing data in uncertain contexts, continues to hold great importance. This research revolves around the parameterization tool originally introduced within the framework of the soft set model. In the context of a soft set, parameterization involves the processing of objects corresponding to specific parameters. This study aims to not only identify the most optimal object, but also to explore techniques for determining the best parameter-object pair. To achieve this, the concept of (inverse) parametric objective relational membership function is introduced, providing a numerical representation of (inverse) parametric objective interactions. Thus, by identifying the best parameter-object pair, it becomes feasible to determine the parameter that exhibits the strongest interaction with a given object in data analysis. Furthermore, novel algorithms based on (inverse) parametric objective interactions are developed to address constraints encountered in decision-making problems. These algorithms introduce innovative gains that encourage a reevaluation of existing decision-making approaches.
Statistical Design of Experiments: An introductory case study for polymer composites manufacturing applications

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Statistical design of experiments (DoE) aims to develop a near efficient design while minimising the number of experiments required. This is an optimal approach especially when there is a need to investigate multiple variables. DoE is a powerful methodology for a wide range of applications, from the efficient design of manufacturing processes to the accurate evaluation of global optima in numerical studies. The contribution of this paper is to provide a general introduction to statistical design of experiments for a non-expert audience, with the aim of broadening exposure in the applied mechanics community. We focus on response surface methodology (RSM) designs — Taguchi Design, Central Composite Design, Box-Behnken Design and D-optimal Design. These different RSM designs are compared in the context of a case study from the field of polymer composites. The results demonstrate that an exact D-optimal design is generally considered to be a good design when compared to the global D-optimal design. That is, it requires fewer experiments while retaining acceptable efficiency measures for all three response surface models considered. This paper illustrates the benefits of DoE, demonstrates the importance of evaluating different designs, and provides an approach to choose the design best suited for the problem of interest.
Promising Prebiotic Candidate Established by Evaluation of Lactitol, Lactulose, Raffinose, and Oligofructose for Maintenance of a Lactobacillus-Dominated Vaginal Microbiota

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Perturbations to the vaginal microbiota can lead to dysbiosis, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), which affects a large portion of the female population. In a healthy state, the vaginal microbiota is characterized by low diversity and colonization by Lactobacillus spp., whereas in BV, these species are displaced by a highly diverse population of bacteria associated with adverse vaginal health outcomes. Since prebiotic ingestion has been a highly effective approach to invigorate lactobacilli for improved intestinal health, we hypothesized that these compounds could stimulate lactobacilli at the expense of BV organisms to maintain vaginal health. Monocultures of commensal Lactobacillus crispatus , Lactobacillus vaginalis , Lactobacillus gasseri , Lactobacillus johnsonii , Lactobacillus jensenii , and Lactobacillus iners , in addition to BV-associated organisms and Candida albicans , were tested for their ability to utilize a representative group of prebiotics consisting of lactitol, lactulose, raffinose, and oligofructose. The disaccharide lactulose was found to most broadly and specifically stimulate vaginal lactobacilli, including the strongly health-associated species L. crispatus , and importantly, not to stimulate BV organisms or C. albicans . Using freshly collected vaginal samples, we showed that exposure to lactulose promoted commensal Lactobacillus growth and dominance and resulted in healthy acidity partially through lactic acid production. This provides support for further testing of lactulose to prevent dysbiosis and potentially to reduce the need for antimicrobial agents in managing vaginal health. IMPORTANCE Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and other dysbioses of the vaginal microbiota significantly affect the quality of life of millions of women. Antimicrobial therapy is often poorly effective, causes side effects, and does not prevent recurrences. We report one of very few studies that have evaluated how prebiotics—compounds that are selectively fermented by beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp.—can modulate the vaginal microbiota. We also report use of a novel in vitro polymicrobial model to study the impact of prebiotics on the vaginal microbiota. The identification of prebiotic lactulose as enhancing Lactobacillus growth but not that of BV organisms or Candida albicans has direct application for retention of homeostasis and prevention of vaginal dysbiosis and infection.
Gender as a resource of power at the early modern court of Württemberg, c. 1580-1630

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dissertation investigates how the category of gender difference was mobilised as a practice of power at the early modern court. It argues that gender was not simply a relational category affecting who could participate in early modern politics in what ways, but that it constituted a crucial and active resource of dynastic power. This subject of study is opened up through a case study of the court of Württemberg in the subsequent reigns of Dukes Friedrich I and his son Johann Friedrich, which span the period of time from 1593 to 1628. The reign of Duke Friedrich I was a time of political reform, which saw the influence of the local estates curtailed and an extroverted foreign policy pursued, whilst the duke concurrently entertained several extramarital affairs in contention with Lutheranism’s prescriptions. His son Johann Friedrich clearly took exception to his father's lifestyle, since, at Friedrich's premature death in 1608, he imprisoned a number of his father's mistresses and procuresses. He was forced to let the majority of these women go again quite quickly, keeping only one suspected procuress in custody, whose case was to drag on until 1618. Johann Friedrich's mother Duchess Sibylla, who had borne fifteen children to Friedrich and thus became the Stammesmutter of a new Württemberg dynastic line, was involved in these dealings. The contrast of these two differently structured approaches to rulership allows for the investigation of the power dynamics of monogamy and polygamy in one coherent case study. Württemberg is an interesting location for this research since it was a large and important territory of southern Germany, which came to be deeply involved in Protestant resistance in the worsening religious strife leading up to the Thirty Years’ War. Documents ranging from court ordinances, festival descriptions and servants registers, to courtly correspondences, juridical supplications and declarations have been consulted. This broad range of primary sources facilitates the investigation of the salience of gender difference both in the context of a courtly system heading a polity, as well as on the level of individual actors whose personhood was intricately entwined with their gendered identities. It is argued here that it is imperative to avoid a fragmentation within court studies into gender and women’s history on the one side and political approaches on the other, in order to maximise our understanding of the practice of power located at early modern courts. Gender difference complicated and further differentiated courtly status hierarchies and lent flexibility to increasingly rigid sets of dynastic rules about reproduction, succession, and etiquette, which had a beneficial impact on the longevity of the dynastic system.
Spontaneous judgements of health related-risk

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tIn health psychology, individuals&rsquo; judgements about health risks have almost exclusively been investigated by explicitly soliciting such judgements. Five novel methodologies were used to examine risk judgements that are made spontaneously, without prompting. The findings suggest that spontaneous risk judgements can differ in important ways from researcher solicited ones.\n\t\t\t\t
Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPS) by Piper longum fruit extract

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Many applications of green synthesis in the field of environment and biomedicine aiming at decreasing the use of toxic chemicals through utilizing of plants which are safe. In this study, at 0.1 M concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), CuNPs were prepared and identified by changing the blue color into green color (ethanolic extract) and from blue color to black color (water extract) and the spectrophotometric detection of ultraviolet and infrared spectra. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was utilized to confirm the crystal structure of CuNPs. The morphology and size of the CuNPs was measured by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used for identification of the elemental composition of CuNPs involving copper and oxygen. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to confirm the shape of prepared copper nanoparticles. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested using two methods including desk diffusion assay considering zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six types of certain bacterial types (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis). The results showed potent inhibitory activity of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and water extract (Ext. 2) against all bacterial strains. KEY WORDS: Copper nanoparticles, Piper Longum, Extract, Synthesis, Antibacterial Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1653-1666. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.12
The Role of Adenosine A2AReceptor, CYP450s, and PPARs in the Regulation of Vascular Tone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adenosine is an endogenous mediator involved in a myriad of physiologic functions, including vascular tone regulation. It is also implicated in some pathologic conditions. Four distinct receptor subtypes mediate the effects of adenosine, such as its role in the regulation of the vascular tone. Vascular tone regulation is a complex and continuous process which involves many mechanisms and mediators that are not fully disclosed. The vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in regulating blood flow to and from all body organs. Also, the vascular endothelium is not merely a physical barrier; it is a complex tissue with numerous functions. Among adenosine receptors,A2Areceptor subtype (A2AAR) stands out as the primary receptor responsible for the vasodilatory effects of adenosine. This review focuses on important effectors of the vascular endothelium, including adenosine, adenosine receptors, EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids), HETEs (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids), PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), andKATPchannels. Given the impact of vascular tone regulation in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, better understanding of the mechanisms affecting it could have a significant potential for developing therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
Internal Shorted Patch Antenna Integrated with a Step-shaped Shielding Metal Case for UMTS Mobile Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — A novel internal shorted patch antenna integrated with a RF step-shaped shielding metal case for application in mobile devices such as the mobile phone or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) phone is presented. The antenna is formed by bending a planar patch and short-circuiting it to the front portion of the RF step-shaped shielding metal case. With the step-shaped configuration of the shielding metal case, the coupling-free space for the RF components and battery can be provided not only below the antenna but also between the antenna and the top portion of the system ground plane. In addition, this structure has no protruded portions, thus allowing it very suitable to be concealed within the casing of the mobile device. The proposed integrated shorted patch antenna for UMTS (1920 ~ 2170 MHz) operation is demonstrated, and effects of the dimensions of the RF step-shaped shielding metal case are studied. Key Words —antennas, mobile antennas, shorted patch antennas, integrated antennas, UMTS antennas I.
Design and Evaluation of Natural Mucilage Microspheres of Sesamol for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mucilages are polysaccharide obtained from various seeds.The mucilage have good swelling and water holding capacity.The mucoadhesive potential of mucilage is recently explored area.Thus, present study aimed to formulate Mimosa pudica mucilage based microspheres for gastroretentive delivery of sesamol.The drug loaded microspheres were formulated using ionic gelation method and evaluated for physicochemical properties, mucoadhesive potential, swelling index and in vitro drug release study.The microspheres showed good particle size and drug entrapment.The good swelling ability, mucoadhesive potential coupled with sustained drug release could be promising for gastroretentive drug delivery.Thus, natural mucilage could be alternative carrier for preparation of mucoadhesive microspheres of drug.
Investigating the Potential of TiB<sub>2</sub>-Based Composites with Ti and Fe Additives as Wettable Cathode

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, porous TiB 2 ceramics were consolidated by pressureless sintering method using metallic Ti and Fe as additives in order to perform sintering at temperatures lower than 1700°C. It was shown that processing parameters including milling time of the starting mixture had a considerable effect on final properties of sintered specimens and their behavior in molten aluminum. Microstructural studies were carried out using optical microscope, SEM and EPMA. It was found that specimens with uniform and crack-free microstructure could be produced using the pre-mixed powders milled for as low as 30 min prior to compaction and sintering. Sessile drop test was performed on the specimens milled for 30 and 240 minutes. Their interaction with molten aluminum was also studied. It was found that 30 min milling time resulted in better electrical conductivity, wettability and stability in liquid aluminum.