jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding Growth Failure in Children With Homozygous Sickle-Cell Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sickle-cell disease is the most prevalent genetic hematologic condition in the United States. Numerous studies have demonstrated poor growth and delayed maturation in children with homozygous sickle-cell disease; however, the pathophysiology remains inadequately understood. Affected children have normal weight and length at birth, and then around 6 months of age their growth patterns begin to diverge from the norm. The growth deficits experienced by these children remain a problem with clinical significance and intangible consequences. A review of literature has provided insight into the multifactorial basis of the growth failure experienced by this population. It is important that nurses and health care providers are familiar with the growth patterns unique to sickle-cell disease and recognize their role in clinical practice.
Osteomyelitis in Heterotopic Ossification after Trochanteric Pressure Sore Reconstruction: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heterotopic ossification is defined as the development of mature bone tissue outside normal bone. Osteomyelitis is an infection-related inflammatory disorder of the bones. Although pressure sores accompanied by heterotopic ossification have been reported, there have been no reports of osteomyelitis occurring in proximity to heterotopic ossification. Herein, we report a rare case of osteomyelitis in heterotopic ossification after trochanteric pressure sore reconstruction. We also emphasize the importance of proper diagnosis and surgical approach for this infected heterotopic ossification lesion.
Initial measures of the economic activity linked to Bangladesh’s ocean space, and implications for the country’s blue economy policy objectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Government of Bangladesh resolved its maritime boundaries in 2014, resulting in jurisdiction over ocean space equivalent to 80 percent of the country’s terrestrial area. To encourage the development of this area and the resources it contains, the Government embraced the concept of a “blue economy” in its most recent development plan, as a broad label for all ocean-linked economic activities that are environmentally and socially sustainable. To support the Government’s effort to translate its blue economy aspirations into operational policies, an accounting exercise was conducted to provide initial measures of Bangladesh’s ocean-linked economic activity, as a baseline by which to set targets.\nThe results suggest the contribution of ocean-linked economic activity in Bangladesh in 2014-2015 was just over 3% of national gross value added, derived relatively evenly from tourism and recreation, capture fisheries and aquaculture, transport and energy. The Government’s intention to design blue economy policies will need to be supported by extending the analysis in this study to a full ocean economy satellite account, eventually adding measures of the economic value of marine ecosystem services and the costs of environmental degradation, as well as the status of the underlying stocks of natural capital.
User's guide for RAM. Volume I. Algorithm description and use

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The information presented in this user's guide is directed to air pollution scientists having an interest in applying air quality simulation models. RAM is a method of estimating short-term dispersion using the Gaussian steady-state model. These algorithms can be used for estimating air quality concentrations of relatively nonreactive pollutants for averaging times from an hour to a day from point and area sources. The algorithms are applicable for locations with level or gently rolling terrain where a single wind vector for each hour is a good approximation to the flow over the source area considered. Calculations are performed for each hour. Hourly meteorological data required are wind direction, wind speed, temperature, stability class, and mixing height. Emission information required of point sources consists of source coordinates, emission rate, physical height, stack diameter, stack gas exit velocity, and stack gas temperature. Emission information required of area sources consists of southwest corner coordinates, source side length, total area emission rate and effective area source-height. Computation time is kept to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations from area sources are estimated using a narrow plume hypothesis and using the area source squares as given rather than breaking down all sources intomore » an area of uniform elements. Options are available to the user to allow use of three different types of receptor locations: (1) those whose coordinates are input by the user, (2) those whose coordinates are determined by the model and are downwind of significant point and area sources where maxima are likely to occur, and (3) those whose coordinates are determined by the model to give good area coverage of a specific portion of the region. Computation time is also decreased by keeping the number of receptors to a minimum.« less
RETRACTED: MiRNA‐545 negatively regulates the oncogenic activity of EMS1 in gastric cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gastric cancer ( GC ) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. In addition, GC metastasis is an extremely complicated process. In this article, high expression levels of EMS 1 mRNA and protein were found to be positively correlated with an enhanced malignant potential of GC cells and a poor clinical prognosis of GC patients. Interestingly, the expression levels of EMS 1 mRNA and protein in GC cells were inhibited by micro RNA ‐545 (miR‐545), which was identified by a bioinformatics analysis. The expression level of miR‐545 in carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in para‐carcinoma tissues. The proliferation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) of GC cells were suppressed by exogenous oligonucleotides of miR‐545 mimics. In addition, the expression levels of EMT ‐associated markers were altered with the expression of miR‐545. Notably, the growth rates of tumors in nude mice were seriously restrained by an intratumoral injection of oligonucleotides of the miR‐545 mimics. These results suggest a negative regulatory role of miR‐545 on the oncogenic activity of EMS 1. In addition, EMS 1 and miR‐545 may be potential biomarkers for GC diagnosis. Synthesized oligonucleotides of miR‐545 mimics may be developed as important gene medicines for GC therapy in the future.
Spatial Analysis of the Impacts of Kainji Hydropower Dam on the Down Stream Communities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Spatial Analysis of the Impacts of Kainji Hydropower Dam on the Down Stream Communities The effect of human interference with the natural river course at the upper, middle or lower course has always been negative on the bordering ecosystem including human settlements. This is exactly the case of the River Niger right from its source in Futa-Jalon Highlands (Sierra Leone) down to its delta in Nigeria. This paper examined the spatial transformation of the downstream sector of Kainji Dam and its effect on those communities within two and half kilometers away from the river course using satellite image (Landsat 7 MSS), Topographical maps and field survey.
Bentuk Tari Munai Serapah di Sanggar Seni Sedulang Setudung Kabupaten Banyuasin (Komponen Nonverbal)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine and describe the form of Munai Serapah Dance in Sedulang Setudung Art Studio, Banyuasin Regency. The method used in this research is the qualitative method. The data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showedthat the body movements in munai serapah dance use basic Malay movements that are developed and created so as to create movements and music that are in harmony without reducing the meaning of the dance conveyed. The floor patterns used in Munai Serapah dance are arrows, circular, angled, straight, "V" shape, "A" shape, and face. the makeup used in Munai Serapah dance is stage makeup. Stage makeup is makeup intended for performance.This makeup is more assertive and bold and emphasizes certain effects such as the eyes, nose, lips, and eyebrows so that special attention is drawn to the face because theface is to be seen from a distance under bright lights. The music that accompanies the Munai Serapah dance was created simultaneously with the creation of the dance. Raden Gunawan is the music director as well as the dance director of Munai Serapah dance, adjusting between dance and music, and vice versa between music and dance. Munai Serapah dance accompaniment music was created using typical Malay musical instruments and modern musical instruments but still maintains the characteristics of thick Malay music. The musical instruments used in Munai Serapah dance include drums, organ, guitar, bass, drums, and vocals.
Evaluation of a DPD approach for multi standard applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper exposes the evaluation of a DPD model targeting multi standard communication applications. The model is based on a continuous time modelling approach as opposite to classical discrete time approach like Volterra series and memory polynomials. It is known as Two Path Memory (TPM) model approach. In this work, the TPM DPD model is extracted and evaluated from measurements for a Silicon Bipolar Darlington Amplifier.
ffectiveness of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease- anagement Programs: Systematic Review and Meta- nalysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Healthcare Evaluation Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Univers ausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, witzerland; Division of Pulmonary Care, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Groupe de Recherche en estion Therapeutique, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Montreal, Canada.
Evaluation of microscopic methods in the diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhoea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of 14 cases of clinically and biochemically confirmed idiopathic steatorrhoea, 11 showed mucosal abnormalities when biopsy specimens from the upper small intestine were examined under the dissecting, the light, and the electron microscope. In the three remaining cases mucosal changes could be detected only under the electron microscope. The simple and inexpensive dissecting microscope can therefore be accepted as an efficient instrument for routine use in the diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhoea and for the screening of cases which might merit further examination under the electron microscope. The light microscope allows the heights of the villi and the depth of the glandular layer to be measured and the limits of normality to be defined on a quantitative basis. The electron microscope reveals abnormalities in the microvilli of mucosal epithelial cells. The mildest changes consist of shortening and fusion of the microvilli and a lessened electron-density of the apical cytoplasm. Since these changes occur in mucosae which appear to be normal under the dissecting and the light microscope they are assumed to be related to the earlier stages of the disease and their significance is discussed in the light of this view.
Long-term efficacy and safety of atazanavir/ritonavir treatment in a cohort of treatment-naıve HIV patients: an interim analysis of the REMAIN study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hospital Dos Capuchos, Department of Internal Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal. HIV Schwerpunktpraxis Dr. Heribert Knechten, Aachen, Germany. Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Infectious Disease Service, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Hospital Garcia de Orta, Infectious Diseases Service, Almada, Portugal. Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Infectious Disease Unit, Malaga, Spain. Altigapharma, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Medical Department, Paris, France.
International Flower Networks: Transparency and Risks in Marketing Channel Choice

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Two thirds of Kenyan cut flowers are marketed through Dutch flower auctions, while the remainder is marketed directly to retailers. Auctions do not restrict the volumes marketed; however price determination is based on a spot market. A Transaction Cost approach is used to investigate the differences in marketing costs between the channels. The results suggest that there are no differences between the channels in terms of uncertainty about prices, finding buyers or transparency of quality standards. Auction growers pay a higher marketing fee but they have significantly fewer office employees and flower varieties compared to growers who market directly.
Synthesis and characterization of four alkyl 2‐cyanoacrylate monomers and their precursors for use in latent fingerprint detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Four novel cyanoacrylates, 2‐cyanoethyl 2‐cyanoacrylate, 1‐cyanoethyl 2‐cyanoacrylate, trideuteromethyl 2‐cyanoacrylate and pentadeuteroethyl 2‐cyanoacrylate have been synthesized using a Diels‐Alder protection/deprotection route involving anthracene. The common route for the synthesis of alkyl 2‐cyanoacrylates was found to be unsatisfactory for the production of small quantities of the targeted cyanoacrylates, which have potential as reagents for the mid‐infrared spectral imaging of fingerprints on difficult surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Community pharmacy practice in India: past, present and future.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Today, community pharmacists play an important role in any country as they take responsibility for patient's medicine related needs for access to healthcare. However, in India only the supply of medicines remains the core activity of the community pharmacist. Most community pharmacists in the country still hardly offer patient-oriented service. The role of the pharmacists in the community, and with it their medicine management, may change in the wake of the rapid growth of domestic medicine output and national healthcare expenditure. This article seeks to discuss the genesis of Indian community pharmacy, the majority of which are privately owned, and sketches its education, training and future prospects.
Health promotion research on community collaboration and partnership building: Current emphases and directions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: As collaboration for community health promotion is much emphasized, the concept and process of community collaboration for health needs to be discussed. This paper discusses varying types of collaboration and collaboration building processes and suggests directions for enhancing community collaboration research and practice. Methods: Leading literature on community partnership building and community health development and current community partnership research program information were reviewed. Results: Although the term collaboration is used interchangeably with cooperation, partnership, network, or coalition, conceptual differences need to be acknowledged in order to develop and reinforce the processes of collaboration. Collaboration building goes in hand with community-based participatory research and systems thinking, which should be supported by long-term, systematic planning and evaluation research. Conclusion: Collaboration for community health promotion needs to be defined and agreed conceptually, thus collaboration process can be developed. Effective collaboration building will be facilitated by systematic thinking and participatory research. Research support system should appreciate the time-intensive, process-oriented nature of collaboration building by providing long-term research funding and emphasizing process and long-term evaluation.
Study of NT-Pro BNP Levels in Patients of Isolated Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction with Normal LV Function after Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNI) have shown promising results in reducing NT-pro BNP levels in left-sided heart disease. However, their effects on isolated right ventricular systolic dysfunction with normal left ventricular function remain less defined. Objective: This prospective study aimed to investigate the impact of ARNI therapy on NT-pro BNP levels in patients with isolated RV systolic dysfunction with normal left ventricular function. Methods: A total of 50 patients with isolated RV systolic dysfunction with normal left ventricular function were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: ARNI group (n=25) and Non-ARNI group (n=25).NT-pro BNP levels was evaluated at baseline and 4 weeks. Pulmonary function tests was also conducted to assess respiratory parameters at these specified time points. Results: At baseline, there was no significant differences in NT-pro BNP levels and pulmonary function parameters between the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the ARNI group showed a significantly greater decline in NT-pro BNP levels in the ARNI group (p<0.001) compared to Non-ARNI group while the change in airway resistance by PFT was equal in both groups. Conclusion: ARNI therapy in patients with isolated right ventricular systolic dysfunction resulted in a significantly greater decrease in plasma NT-pro BNP levels without difference in airway resistance. These findings suggest the potential benefits of ARNI therapy in right-sided heart failure and warrant further investigation in larger randomized trials.
Capacitive smoothing for solar PV system using small energy storage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar energy is intermittent by nature due to moving cloud transient and other meteorological factors and often requires battery for stabilization. The study focuses on the battery capacity and the power output of the solar PV system. Data analysis was performed on 6 months of solar data. Statistical techniques such as moving average and median filtering were applied to the result. Time characteristic from previous studies was used to obtain smaller battery capacity. Solar PV Ideal output was studied thoroughly to get better value. Results showed that statistical techniques did stabilize the power. However, battery capacity cannot be reduced further as it was insufficient to fill up the gap produced by the moving cloud transient. Hence, the capacity of 5 minutes was used in the simulation. Furthermore, the lowered ideal output did not help stabilize the power as the results show minor difference when compared with the higher ideal output.
The effect of four weeks' strength and flexibility training on calisthenics beginners

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of four weeks’ calisthenics-based strength and flexibility exercises on increasing upper-body muscular strength and lower-body flexibility of calisthenics beginners. The calisthenics upper-body strength exercises includes progressive push-up and pull-up, while the lower-body flexibility stretches targets hip adductor muscles and hamstring flexibility. \n \nSingle case experimental design was used to study the effect of calisthenics training program on nine participants, consisting of six male and three female students with different sports background excluding calisthenics. Prior to the training intervention, a pre-test was conducted on the participants. The test included: a maximum number of repetitions of pull-up and push-up, a hip abductor goniometer test, and a hamstring sit and reach test. After the training intervention, a post test was conducted with the same attributes used on the pre-test. The training intervention was studied by analysing the results with descriptive statistics. \n \nThe study suggests that progressive push-up and pull exercises can substantially improve upper-body strength of calisthenics beginners. Whereas, The lower extremity flexibility result shows that the hip abduction exercises improves the hip ROM of both the participants' right and left legs during this four weeks of training. Lastly, the evidence of the hamstring test shows a slight improvement among the participants after four weeks of training.
AN UNUSUAL PREY RECORDFOR TACHYTES CHRYSOPYGA OBSCURUS CRESSON(HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE: LARRINAE)FROM IOWA, U.S.A

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Tachytes Panzer is a large group of solitary fossorial wasps with over 300 species worldwide and 35 species in America north of Mexico (Bohart 1994). Tachytes has been classified into subgenera (Banks 1942) or into species groups (Bohart and Menke 1976; Kurczewski and Spofford 1986; Bohart 1994). Tachytes are described as hunters of Orthoptera (although two separate workers had noted the aberrant behavior of T. bidens and T. ambidens preying on lepidopterous larvae of the family Geometridae in certain states of the former USSR), and prey specificity is reported to be fairly constant at the family level (Bohart and Menke 1976). Kurczewski and Spofford (1986) delineate the prey of Tachytes by species groups as follows: species in the aurulentus group hunt Tettigoniidae (katydids); the pepticus and distinctus groups hunt Acrididae (true grasshoppers and locusts); the mergus group preys on Tridactylidae (pygmy mole crickets); and in the group exhibiting the most diverse behavior, abdominalis, prey records include Tetrigidae (pygmy grasshoppers), Tridactylidae and Acrididae (for common names of orthopterans, see Capinera, et.al., 2004). Tachytes chrysopyga is a member of the abdominalis group and is reported to store Acrididae (Kurczewski and Spofford 1986). This species ranges from southern Mexico to southern Brazil; however, the subspecies obscurus inhabits the United States and northern Mexico (Bohart and Menke 1976). I had a chance meeting with a female T. chrysopyga obscurus on 26 July 2006 as she was transporting prey to the nest. This incident was my first, and so far only, encounter with this species. At approximately 1415 hrs, the wasp in question flew in and landed at my feet in the lawn of a residential lot in Sioux City, Iowa, very close to the base of a retaining wall constructed of small slabs of broken concrete. She immediately began walking toward an interstice in the wall; but before she could enter, I was able to collect her prey, a snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus fultoni Walker, T.) She ignored my intrusion and walked straightaway into a gap between two concrete slabs. I set a clear plastic jar against the wall; and when the wasp emerged, she was trapped. This T. chrysopyga obscurus was in good condition (only minor fraying on the wings); and, at approximately 13 mm in length, was of a normal size for a female of this species (length range: 13-14 mm; W. J. Pulawski, pers. comm.). Volume 118, Number 3, May and June 2007 321