jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Patients’ views of teamwork in the emergency department offer insights about team performance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Research into efforts to engage patients in the assessment of health‐care teams is limited. Objective To explore, through qualitative methods, patient awareness of teamwork‐related behaviours observed during an emergency department ( ED ) visit. Design Researchers used semi‐structured question guides for audio‐recorded interviews and analysed their verbatim transcripts. Setting and participants Researchers conducted individual phone interviews with 6 teamwork subject matter experts ( SME s) and held 5 face‐to‐face group interviews with patients and caregivers ( n = 25) about 2 weeks after discharge from the emergency department ( ED ). Results SME s suggested that a range of factors influence patient perspectives of teams. Many patients perceived the health‐care team within the context of their expectations of an ED visit and their treatment plan. Four themes emerged: (i) patient‐centred views highlight gaps in coordination and communication; (ii) team processes do concern patients; (iii) patients are critical observers of ways that team members present their team roles; (iv) patients’ observations of team members relate to patients’ views of team effectiveness. Analysis also indicated that patients viewed health‐care team members’ interactions with each other as proxy for how team members actually felt about patients. Discussion Results from both sets of interviews ( SME and patient) indicated that patient observations of teamwork could add to assessment of team processes/frameworks. Patients’ understanding about teamwork organization seemed helpful and witnessed interteam communication appeared to influence patient confidence in the team. Conclusion Patients perspectives are an important part of assessment in health care and suggest potential areas for improvement through team training.
Implementation of ISO 9000 in a textile mill

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ISO 9000 quality systems have been developed to provide necessary conceptual and structural input for fulfilling customer needs by ensuring consistent and desired product quality. It is necessary to have an implementation plan, the success of which depends on top management involvement from the beginning. Consultants can also play a major role in this implementation programme. Effectiveness of a system can be judged by higher customer satisfaction through increased employee involvement and product quality improvement. This case study deals with formation of road map, implementation details, road blocks and tactical steps to remove the road blocks, in implementing ISO 9001 within 12 months and achieving better quality product in a textile mill.
Assisted Ground truth generation using Interactive Segmentation on a Visualization and Annotation Tool

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This poster is related to the following paper: U. Sampathkumar, V. B. S. Prasath, S. Meena, K. Palaniappan. Assisted Ground truth generation using Interactive Segmentation on a Visualization and Annotation Tool. IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition (AIPR), Washington DC, USA.The video contains a demo of the interactive image segmentation within the Firefly tool.
Influence of bias power and doping of Si on hardness and toughness of CrAlN

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This project focused on the study of the influence of bias power and concentration of doped silicon on the hardness and toughness of CrAlN thin films. Reactive magnetron sputtering was used to prepare CrAlN and CrAlSiN thin films by sputtering the CrAl target and co-sputtering CrAl/Si targets respectively in a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen. There were two parts in this study. For CrAlN thin films, the effect of bias power was studied by varying the degrees of bias power during sputtering. For CrAlSiN thin films, the effect of silicon concentration was studied by doping different amounts of silicon contents.
Deterring Property Tax Delinquency in Philadelphia: An Experimental Evaluation of Nudge Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Municipal governments commonly confront the problem of tardy or delinquent property tax payments. We implement an experiment in property tax collection for tardy taxpayers in the City of Philadelphia for the calendar year, 2015. The experiment sent one of seven reminder letters to the tardy taxpayers, testing the efficacy of a simple reminder, two alternative reminders stressing economic sanctions, and four alternative reminders emphasizing either that taxpayers receive neighborhood services or city-wide services for their tax payments, that most of their neighbors pay their taxes on time, or that as a citizen in a democracy it is a civic duty to pay taxes on time. Compliance behaviors were compared to a holdout sample that received no reminder letter. The most effective letters were those that threatened an economic sanction for continued non-compliance. These letters were particularly cost-effective in raising additional city revenues. There was no evidence that those receiving a reminder for the calendar year 2015 improved their tax compliance behavior in the calendar year 2016.
Reliability evaluation of GaAs HBT technologies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work describes the implementation of an experimental procedure to evaluate the reliability of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT) on a GaAs substrate. It is based on the separation of ageing test accelerating factors applied to HBTs and TLM ("Transmission Line Model") structures associated with emitter base and collector layers. Three different technological manufacturing processes are investigated : AlGaAs/GaAs double-mesa HBT, GaInP/GaAs self-aligned HBT and GaInP/GaAs fully planar HBT. HBTs submitted to combined bias and temperature stresses exhibit either a degradation of the SiN/GaAs interface correlated with the increase of the emitter-base leakage current and/or a detachment of Ge/Mo/W emitter ohmic contact related to the base and collector current decrease for high level injection in the forward regime. These investigations have assessed that GaInP over the extrinsic base acts as a better passivation layer than the conventional SiN does.
On Historical Household Budgets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper argues that household budgets are the best starting point for investigating a number of big questions related to the evolution of the living standards during the last two-three centuries. If one knows where to look, historical family budgets are more abundant than might be suspected. And statistical techniques have been developed to handle the associated problems of small, incomplete, and unrepresentative samples. We introduce the Historical Household Budgets (HHB) Project, aimed at gathering data and sources, but also at creating an informational infrastructure that provides i) reliable storage and easy access to historical family budget data, along with ii) tools to configure the data as it is entered so as to harmonize it with present-day surveys.
Aluminum Alloys for Handling High-Purity Water

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Aluminum alloys have been used for more than 20 years for storage and distribution systems handling distilled water. Recently, it became possible to investigate experience with some 30 distilled water systems which had been in use for various periods of time up to 24 years. Many of these systems had been made entirely of aluminum. Several were composed entirely of tinned copper or brass and others were made up of a combination of materials including aluminum. Results indicate that aluminum alloy storage tanks, tubing, fittings and valves are highly satisfactory for handling distilled water and do not cause significant contamination of the water being handled. The increased use of the ion exchange method for purifying water has required equipment fabricated from materials in which such a water could be handled with a minimum of pick-up and discoloration. Since many processes require large quantities of a water of very low total solids content, it was natural to consider aluminum alloys for the fabrication of storage tanks and piping for handling demineralized water. 4.6.5
Activation of pathogen-inducible plant promoters (PPPs) in transgenic pepper

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

According to the sequence of pathogen-inducible plant promoters(PPPs) at Genebank,three promoters were cloned from tobacco genome,which were used to replace cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoters at pBI121.Following the introduction of each recombinant plasmid into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101,Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pepper was performed.Positive plants were confirmed by PCR analysis and kanamycin choice.24 h after being inoculated with avirulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum(AVRS1),GUS activities of transgenic peppers were determined.Compared with controls,the results indicated that PPPs could be induced evidently by avirulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum.
Anaesthetic Concerns for Large Intracranial Cyst Excision: Expect the Unexpected!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurosurgical procedures in infants poses various challenges such as difficulty in venous cannulation, securing invasive vascular lines, difficult airway, controlling intra-cranial tension, managing large fluid shifts to positioning- related issues and temperature maintenance. We hereby present an case of a large intracranial space occupying lesion, suspected to be a hydatid cyst, which later turned out to be an infected ventricular cyst and intraoperative problems. A thorough preparation prior to operation of infected cystic lesion of the brain is required including anticipation of massive blood loss and its management. A slow decompression of the large cystic lesion should be done.
A review of geomagnetic variation measurements in the eastern United States: implications for continental tectonics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geomagnetic variation data for all available stations in eastern North America are presented here in the form of induction arrow maps at periods of 6, 20, and 64 min. The region is subdivided on the basis of the induction patterns revealed by these maps.The near-coastal stations are influenced by conductivity contrasts associated with the continent – ocean water interface, although the considerable variation in amplitude and in inland persistence of the coast effect reflects variations in the conductivity contrast across this transition. The predominantly southward-pointing arrows of the shield areas appear to reflect their source fields rather than subsurface conductivity. This pattern is disrupted by the high conductivity associated with the anomalously high crustal temperatures in the vicinity of the White Mountain heat flow anomaly and is terminated abruptly in the south by a well-defined reversal through northern New York State. We suggest that the conductivity boundary defined by this line of reversal continues southward to join a similar boundary observed near the Ohio – West Virginia border. These boundaries, with the crystalline Appalachians to the east, bound a segment of the crust (or upper lithosphere) whose conductivity structure is quite distinct from its surroundings.This region lies within the Central Geophysical Province of Diment et al.; however, if the poorly defined western and northern boundaries of that province are replaced by the line of reversal the two regions coincide. Some tentative models for its origins are discussed. We also suggest that the subdued geomagnetic coast effect in Virginia may be related to the extensive overthrusting of Paleozoic sediments by the crystalline Appalachians, which has been proposed on the basis of deep seismic reflection studies further to the south (Cook et al.).
Electron Microscopic Evaluation of the Secretory Mechanisms of Renin from Juxtaglomerular Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the structure and the functions of juxtaglomerular cells (JG) have been well defined, there is still a controversy about the secretory mechanisms of renin from these cells. It has been assumed that exocytosis is the main secretory mechanism in these cells in many studies, while others suggest that secretion occurs in a quite different way in these cells. There are several studies suggesting that diacrine secretion, which is very difficult to visualize, might be the other mechanism for secretion of renin. This study is an attempt to find the answers of these questions by identifying the fine structural features of the secretory granules in juxtaglomerular cells. Cyclosporin A (CyA) has been used in the current experimental study since it has already been reported that this drug increases the number of JG cells and stimulates secretion of Renin. Twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats had daily intraperitoneal injections of CyA for ten weeks. Tissue specimens from the kidneys of these animals were examined by electron microscopy. Fine structural characteristics of the secretory granules of juxtaglomerular cells have been examined. Considerable amount of granules, which goes to the exocytotic process, have been observed. Additionally, several cells, which their granules had been secreting their contents in a different way, were found. This was interpreted as the secretion type of diacrine secretion. In conclusion, this in vivo study presents morphologic evidences demonstrating that both exocytosis and diacrine secretion might occur in JG cells. We also had a chance to observe secretory granule probably exhibiting "diacrine secretion", which is very difficult to visualize, at electron microscope level for the first time. This report also provides morphologic proof which shows that these two distinct secretory mechanisms might occur simultaneously in the same juxtaglomerular cell.
The Physiological Effect of High-flow Nasal Cannula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Synopsis: High-flow nasal cannula is superior to standard facemask oxygen for patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure. A study by Tommaso Mauri and colleagues examines the physiological changes associated with high-flow nasal cannula, which may explain the unique benefits of this therapy. Source: Mauri T, Turrini C, Eronia N, et al. Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(9):1207–1215.
Ecology of the rare oak polypore Piptoporus quercinus and the tooth fungi Hericium cirrhatum, H. coralloides, and H. erinaceus in the UK.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although fungi are essential to functioning of forest ecosystems, ecology of wood decay fungi, particularly rare species, is understudied. Hericium coralloides, on the UK red data list, H. erinaceus and Piptoporus quercinus, UK BAP species, and H. cirrhatumare rare in the UK, existing in isolated populations in areas with a history of continuous tree cover. Hericium spp. fruit primarily on beech (Fagus sylvatica), and P. quercinus exclusively on oak (Quercus spp.). Their ecology is unknown, beyond information on fruit body occurence, combative ability against wood decay fungi and extension rates on agar. Their ecology in terms of spore dispersal and germination, and inter- and intraspecific interactions was investigated. Basidiospore dispersal of Hericium spp. was typical of basidiomycetes over the distances investigated (0-100 m from fruit bodies), but basidiospore germination was consistently under 1% in the laboratory. Mating systems of H. coralloides and H. erinaceus were bifactorial, confirming previous research using North American isolates. H. cirrhatum's mating system remains unclear, due to anomalous clamp connections. Mating experiments also showed that H. coralloides from different host species can interbreed, and fruit bodies occurring simultaneously on a substrate may originate from a single mycelium. H. coralloides was successfully established artificially in living beech, revealed using molecular techniques. Primary mycelia of H. coralloides were more combative than secondary, indicating the significance of this lifecycle stage for rare species. P. quercinus had under 1% spore germination and unifactorial mating. The six populations sampled had only four mating alleles, two being unique to one fruit body. This implies inbreeding, but phenotypic variation (extension rates and colony morphology) prove the population is not clonal. Results are discussed in relation to ecology of rare fungi in general, possible factors relating to the rarity of Hericium spp. and P. quercinus, and potential conservation strategies for these species.
Origin of leaf rust adult plant resistance gene Rph20 in barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rph20 is the only reported, simply inherited gene conferring moderate to high levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust ( Puccinia hordei Otth) in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Key parental genotypes were examined to determine the origin of Rph20 in two-rowed barley. The Dutch cultivar ‘Vada’ (released in the 1950s) and parents, ‘Hordeum laevigatum’ and ‘Gull’ (‘Gold’), along with the related cultivar ‘Emir’ (a derivative of ‘Delta’), were assessed for APR to P. hordei in a disease screening nursery. The marker bPb-0837-PCR, co-located with Rph20 on the short arm of chromosome 5H (5HS), was used to screen genotypes for the resistance allele, Rph20.ai. Results from phenotypic assessment and DNA analysis confirmed that Rph20 originated from the landrace ‘H. laevigatum’ (i.e., Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). Tracing back this gene through the pedigrees of two-rowed barley cultivars, indicated that Rph20 has contributed APR to P. hordei for more than 60 years. Although there have been no reports of an Rph20-virulent pathotype, the search for alternative sources of APR should continue to avoid widespread reliance upon a single resistance factor.
Dimensioning a residential PV system for a cost minimization when operating under abnormal situations: Case study for Lebanon

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar photovoltaic is currently the technology for electricity production that witnesses the fastest growth in the world. Unfortunately, in the case of an abnormal operating situation, these systems can't be profitable, although technology is improving and prices are decreasing. An abnormal operation is considered in this study when the connectivity to the grid is partial or not possible or when the storage is partially used or not used at all. In this study, technical dimensioning and economic analysis are simultaneously performed in order to find the costless system according to load requirements, storage existing capacity and grid availability. The suggested analytical approach is useful for the case of the most developing countries where the offered subsidies for PV installation are not enough and the operating environment is not ideal. The objective is to find the costless residential system installed in a developing country and the case study of a standard Lebanese house is adopted for validation. The analysis takes into account the solar profile, the average energy consumption, the availability of the grid and the net metering policy.
Complications associated with cannula insertion techniques used for laparoscopy in standing horses

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective— To report our experience and complications associated with different cannula insertion techniques for laparoscopy in standing horses. Study Design— Retrospective study. Sample Population— Forty horses that had laparoscopy for diagnostic or surgical purposes. Methods— After a physical examination, including rectal palpation, standing laparoscopy was performed in 40 sedated horses. Local anesthetic was injected at each site of cannula insertion in the left flank. Horses were divided into 5 groups: Pneumoperitoneum was induced before cannula insertion using a Verres needle (group 1, n = 3 ) or a 12‐g catheter (group 2, n = 14 ); the cannula was inserted before inducing a pneumoperitoneum (group 3, n = 9 ); the cannula was inserted under visual control, using an operating laparoscope (group 4, n = 2 ) or a Visiport Optical Trocar (group 5, n = 12 ). Horses were observed for 7 days. Results— Problems with insufflation or cannula insertion occurred in 12 horses: 6 had peritoneal detachment, 4 had a splenic puncture, and 2 had descending colon puncture. Eleven of these complications occurred in groups 1 to 3 and only 1 in groups 4 and 5. Conclusions— The Visiport optical device allows controlled insertion of the initial trocar, and thus avoided potential problems associated with “blind” cannula insertion techniques and was used effectively in horses that had feed withheld for 12 hours. This technique enables direct insertion of a cannula directly into the right flank. Clinical Relevance— Complications associated with initial cannula insertion in the paralumbar fossa, for laparoscopy, in standing horses can be minimized with the use of an optical cannula.
The UK political landscape in the 21st century: players, strategies, stakes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

English Academic studies devoted to contemporary British politics usually focus on either a single or a series of electoral campaigns (psephology, with a thematic approach); a leader, a party (chronological monograph) or a set of parties (usually limited to the three main parties); a political philosophy or school of thought (anarchism, trade unionism, liberalism, conservatism, nationalism, euroscepticism, fascism…). Much rarer are works offering to embrace a more comprehensive thematic spect...
Age-dependence of femoral strength in white women and men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although age-related variations in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and the prevalence of osteoporosis have been well characterized, there is a paucity of data on femoral strength in the population. Addressing this issue, we used finite-element analysis of quantitative computed tomographic scans to assess femoral strength in an age-stratified cohort of 362 women and 317 men, aged 21 to 89 years, randomly sampled from the population of Rochester, MN, and compared femoral strength with femoral neck aBMD. Percent reductions over adulthood were much greater for femoral strength (55% in women, 39% in men) than for femoral neck aBMD (26% in women, 21% in men), an effect that was accentuated in women. Notable declines in strength started in the mid-40s for women and one decade later for men. At advanced age, most of the strength deficit for women compared with men was a result of this decade-earlier onset of strength loss for women, this factor being more important than sex-related differences in peak bone strength and annual rates of bone loss. For both sexes, the prevalence of “low femoral strength” (&lt;3000 N) was much higher than the prevalence of osteoporosis (femoral neck aBMD T-score of −2.5 or less). We conclude that age-related declines in femoral strength are much greater than suggested by age-related declines in femoral neck aBMD. Further, far more of the elderly may be at high risk of hip fracture because of low femoral strength than previously assumed based on the traditional classification of osteoporosis. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research