jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis Contact Investigations — United States, 2003–2012

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted through the air from an infectious patient (index patient) to other persons (contacts) who share space. Exposure to M. tuberculosis can result in tuberculosis (TB) disease or latent TB infection (LTBI), which has no clinical symptoms or radiologic evidence of disease. The cycle of transmission can be ended by isolating and treating patients with TB disease, examining contacts, and treating LTBI to prevent progression to TB disease. CDC systematically collects aggregate data on contact investigations from the 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and Puerto Rico. Data from 2003-2012 were analyzed for trends in yields from contact investigations, in terms of numbers of contacts elicited and examined and the estimated number of TB cases averted through treatment of LTBI among contacts in 2012. During 2003-2012, the number of TB cases decreased, while the number of contacts listed per index patient with contacts elicited increased. In 2012, U.S. public health authorities reported 9,945 cases of TB disease (1) and 105,100 contacts. Among these contacts, 84,998 (80.9%) were examined; TB was diagnosed in 532 (0.6%) and LTBI in 15,411 (18.1%). Among contacts with LTBI, 10,137 (65.8%) started treatment, and 6,689 (43.4% of all contacts with LTBI) completed treatment. By investigating contacts in 2012, an estimated 128 TB cases (34% of all potential cases) over the initial 5 years were averted, but an additional 248 cases (66%) might have been averted if all potentially contagious TB patients had contacts elicited, all contacts were examined, and all infected contacts completed treatment. Enhancing contact investigation activities, particularly by ensuring completion of treatment by contacts recently infected with M. tuberculosis, is essential to achieve the goal of TB elimination.
Lattice Monte Carlo Simulations in Search of Zeolite Analogues: Effects of Structure Directing Agents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We use parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations to search for crystalline states of a lattice model of silica polymerization in the presence of structure directing agents (SDAs). Following previous work where we have discretized continuous space into a body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice, we have modeled tetrahedral molecules (T(OH)4) as corner-sharing tetrahedra on a bcc unit cell. The SDAs were represented as quasi-spherical species with diameters of 6.4 and 10.4 Å to study the effect of SDA size on the resulting crystal structures. Our parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations produce fully connected crystalline structures finding the emergence of 3D microporous materials with SDAs occupying the pore spaces and 2D layered materials with SDAs occupying the gallery space in between layers. We have found that the strength of SDA–oxygen attraction plays a significant role in directing final micropore structures. For relatively strong attractions (>1.2 kcal/mol SDA–oxygen contacts) we have found only 2D layered materials; for attractions below this cutoff we observed 3D microporous crystals; and for no attraction—modeling the SDA as a quasi-hard sphere—we again found only 2D layered materials. In the space of 3D microporous crystals, we have also found that using larger SDAs or a lower concentration of a given SDA generate crystals with larger rings.
de Haas-van Alphen effect and the metamagnetic transition based on the quadrupole moment in PrCu2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We have studied the metamagnetic transition in the Van Vleck paramagnetic compound PrCu2. This transition brings about an interchange between the easy (a) and the hard (c) axes' directions of the magnetization which is reflected in drastic changes of the magnetoresistance and the de Haas-van Alphen oscillation. The origin of this metamagnetic transition is ascribed to the switching of the direction of the quadrupole moment in the 4f levels.
Evaluation of bone loss in diabetic postmenopausal women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus are major and growing public health problems particularly among postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and osteopenia with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study, we compared 200 diabetic postmenopausal women with 400 non-diabetic postmenopausal women over the age of 60 years. Age, Body Mass Index (BMI), T score of the lumbar vertebra (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and were compared between the two groups. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) was also measured in patients with type 2 DM and its relationship with osteoporosis was studied. Chi-square, Fisher′s exact test and Independent T-test was used for analyzing the data. The statistical significance was set at a P value of 0.05 or lower. Results: Mean, SD ages were 65.23 ± 4.80 vs. 66.91 ± 5.78 years and BMI were 28.94 ± 4.06 vs. 31.65 ± 4.42 kg/m 2 in non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. Lumber T scores was -2.10 ± 1.08 vs.-2.16 ± 1.27 (P = 0.60), femoral neck T-score was -0.72 ± 1.00 vs. -1.09 ± 0.96 (P = 0.00) in non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in femoral neck T score between the diabetic and non-diabetic group (P = 0.00). In diabetic women, bone loss was more common in those with HbA1C ≥7 compare to those with HbA1C <7 (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Osteopenia and osteoporosis is more common in diabetic postmenopausal women compare to the non-diabetic postmenopausal women.
Clinical Characteristics among Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience from Medina, Saudi Arabia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To assess the effect of COVID-19 disease on hematology, coagulation profiles, renal and liver function over the course of the disease, the following laboratory tests were performed: WBCs per mm3, lymphocytes count, Platelet, D-dimmer, AST, Albumin, LDH, Ferritin, CRP, blood culture and viral loads. Patients were grouped according to their initial viral load (Group1: low viral load (L), Group 2: moderate viral load (I), and Group 3, high viral load (H)). The study population median age of the patients was 58 years, and 69% were male. Generally, all patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Most of the patients (79.5%) had an intermediate viral load, 14.5% had a high viral load, and 5.7% had a low viral load. The Kusakal-Walli’s test revealed a significant difference in the levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes, platelet, D-dimer, AST, CRP, and ferritin (p <0.0001). One hundred twenty-two isolates were recovered from 5362 blood cultures; where as 75% were multiple resistant to three classes of antibiotics and more. True bacteremia was most commonly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (45%), Acinetobacter baumannii (30%), and C. albicans (7%). The potential risk factors of advanced age, lymphopenia, D-dimer concentrations greater than 2µg/mL, and ferritin concentrations greater than 400ng/mL may assist clinicians to improve the management of the case and reduce mortality.
Cement-Organobentonite Admixtures for Stabilization/Solidification of PAH-Contaminated Soil: A Laboratory Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of using Portland cement and organobentonite to stabilize and solidify Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) contaminated soil was examined. Naphthalene and phenanthrene in solid and dissolved phases were selected as PAHs compounds to represent organic contaminants in the soil. Different tests including Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and permeability tests were conducted on the stabilization/solidification (S/S) contaminated soils. The leaching test results confirmed a significant reduction in the leaching of naphthalene and phenanthrene from the stabilized soil specimen by adding 2%, 5%, and 10% of organoclay during solidification/stabilization. Based on the results for the tested ranges of cement and organoclay for S/S contaminated soil, the optimum mix design includes 5% of cement and 2% of organoclay. The observation in this study confirmed that organoclay particles sorbed the organic contaminates and therefore naphthalene and phenanthrene leachate concentration will be reduced. Moreover, results show that increasing the curing time of S/S products reduces the naphthalene and phenanthrene leachate concentration.
Autologous transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia: European results: Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was performed in 95 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase and their data were reported to the European Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Most patients presented bad prognostic factors. The results were analysed by September 1, 1993. The actuarial proportion of patients who achieved a complete hematological response at one year was 87.3+/-7.5% (95% CI). The 3-year percentage of major cytogenetic response was 38.6+/--13% (95% CI). The actuarial risk of transformation for the evaluable patients was 31.5+/-14% (95% CI) and the actuarial survival at four years was 83.3+/-10% (95% CI). These encouraging results suggest that ASCT by itself could play a role to prolong survival in CML patients.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Etiology and Current and Future Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is swiftly increasing in prevalence globally with a high mortality rate. The progression of HCC in patients is induced with advanced fibrosis, mainly cirrhosis, and hepatitis. The absence of proper preventive or curative treatment methods encouraged extensive research against HCC to develop new therapeutic strategies. The Food and Drug Administration–approved Nexavar (sorafenib) is used in the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. In 2017, Stivarga (regorafenib) and Opdivo (nivolumab) got approved for patients with HCC after being treated with sorafenib, and in 2018, Lenvima (lenvatinib) got approved for patients with unresectable HCC. But, owing to the rapid drug resistance development and toxicities, these treatment options are not completely satisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systemic combination therapies that target different signaling mechanisms, thereby decreasing the prospect of cancer cells developing resistance to treatment. In this review, HCC etiology and new therapeutic strategies that include currently approved drugs and other potential candidates of HCC such as Milciclib, palbociclib, galunisertib, ipafricept, and ramucirumab are evaluated.
Role of Farm Women in Sustainable Livelihood Pattern in Context of Information Needs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study is to analyze information sources and information needs of women farmers of Banka and Bhagalpur district of Bihar. The research was undertaken for assessment of information needed for young farm women of age group of 18-35 years with respect to kharif paddy cultivation. Useful Information is the pivotal for successful kharif paddy cultivation. In the study area young farm women contribute immensely in kharif paddy cultivation. Information helps in creating awareness about technologies and mobilize people to use them. It also helps in training people, organizing community and ultimately resulting in the development of the whole nation. Result of the study illustrated that farm women need more information about selling of product, pest control, nursery raising and disease management. The study also revealed that the most preferred source of information was personal localite i.e. Husband, Friend, Relatives and Neighbors and agri-input dealers.
A comparison between bucillamine and D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to compare the clinical effect and the frequency of side effects of D-penicillamine and bucill- amine, we conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Twenty-two and 24 patients were allocated to each section of the study, respectively. Bucillamine was at least as effec- tive ad D-penicillamine in terms of improvement in the swol- len joint count, tenderness score, morning stiffness, modi- fied health assessment questionnaire, and Westergren eryth- rocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and more effective in terms of improvement in the tender joint count, grip strength, C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) titer. In all, 27% of the bucillamine group and 33% of the D-peni- cillamine group responded; the response rate did not differ significantly between the two groups. The frequency of side effects tended to be lower in the bucillamine group. In con- clusion, bucillamine was as effective as D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and with the former the frequency of side effects tended to be lower.
Review on Advances in Bio-based Admixtures for Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bio-based admixtures (BBAs) are emerging as a promising class of additives for concrete, of- fering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical admixtures. Derived from various natural or biological sources, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, BBAs have shown potential in enhancing the performance characteristics of concrete in several key areas. This review article provides an in-depth exploration of BBAs, be- ginning with a detailed classification of the different types of BBAs based on their source mate- rial and production methods. It then delves into the various characterization techniques used to assess the properties and performance of BBAs, providing insights into their impact on the workability, strength, durability, and rheology of concrete. The article also discusses the diverse application areas of BBAs, highlighting their versatility and potential for wide-ranging use in the construction industry. It further identifies and discusses the challenges associated with the use of BBAs, such as issues related to compatibility with different types of cement and concrete, storage and shelf-life considerations, quality control and standardization concerns, and cost-effective- ness. In conclusion, the review emphasizes that while BBAs hold great promise as an alternative to conventional chemical admixtures for concrete, there is a need for more interdisciplinary collaboration and research to overcome the identified challenges and fully realize their poten- tial. The paper calls for further studies focusing on optimizing the production and application processes of BBAs, as well as developing standardized testing and quality control procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 7,16‐Dinicotinoyl‐ and 7,16‐ Diisonicotinoyltetraaza(14)annulene and Their Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endolymphatic Duct and Sac in Meniere's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PERSUASIVE evidence has come to light in the past several years that structural abnormalities of the endolymphatic duct and sac impairing their resorptive function are a major factor in the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease. The evidence will be presented in two articles, the first on gross observations of the sac at operation with microscopic examination of biopsies of the sac wall; the second will compare polytomographic studies of the vestibular aqueduct in normals and in Meniere's disease with postmortem examination of one of these patients. A third and final article will discuss the practical therapeutic implications that stem from the concept that "idiopathic" hydrops of endolymph, the disease so clearly described by Prosper Meniere in 1861, is most often the result of deficient resorption by the endolymphatic duct and sac.

Historical Survey

Three years ago, the George M. Coates Memorial Lecture1concerned a segment of the inner ear almost
[Parasitism of larvae of the fly, Lucilia bufonivora, Moniez, 1876, on Anura].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1951 to 1973 there were recorded cases of myiasis in four species of Amphibia (Pelobates fuscus, Bufo bufo, B. viridis, Rana arvalis) from the Volga-Kama state reserve (the Tatar ASSR). In arid 1972 the number of Rana arvalis with myiasis reached to 20-25%. Observations were conducted on the development of Lucilia bufonivora from the egg laying to the host death and hatching of imago.
BioSeqZip: a collapser of NGS redundant reads for the optimization of sequence analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation High-throughput next-generation sequencing can generate huge sequence files, whose analysis requires alignment algorithms that are typically very demanding in terms of memory and computational resources. This is a significant issue, especially for machines with limited hardware capabilities. As the redundancy of the sequences typically increases with coverage, collapsing such files into compact sets of non-redundant reads has the 2-fold advantage of reducing file size and speeding-up the alignment, avoiding to map the same sequence multiple times. Method BioSeqZip generates compact and sorted lists of alignment-ready non-redundant sequences, keeping track of their occurrences in the raw files as well as of their quality score information. By exploiting a memory-constrained external sorting algorithm, it can be executed on either single- or multi-sample datasets even on computers with medium computational capabilities. On request, it can even re-expand the compacted files to their original state. Results Our extensive experiments on RNA-Seq data show that BioSeqZip considerably brings down the computational costs of a standard sequence analysis pipeline, with particular benefits for the alignment procedures that typically have the highest requirements in terms of memory and execution time. In our tests, BioSeqZip was able to compact 2.7 billion of reads into 963 million of unique tags reducing the size of sequence files up to 70% and speeding-up the alignment by 50% at least. Availability and implementation BioSeqZip is available at https://github.com/bioinformatics-polito/BioSeqZip. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of using simulation of micro controller boards student programming achievement two

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Formative assessment, learning for life, student-centered learning, new skills in life and thinking are among the contents of 21st Century Learning (PAK-21) that are important for future generations to face the challenges of the country's 4IR Policy. There is a practical gap in the widespread use of microcontroller board simulation in the early stages of schooling in Malaysia. Programming and computerbased learning using simulation methods can be an approach for students in primary school. Pupils need problem-solving skill training from an early stage to generate knowledge. The research design conducted is an experimental quantitative study that pays attention to pre-test data and post-test data from the treatment group and the control group. Design and Technology (RBT) students need to be given space or opportunities for different learning according to their efforts to make it easier for themselves to master learning disciplines. This study is relevant considering that there are not many literature studies that have been found focusing on procedures in effective microcontroller simulations in Malaysia.
On the mechanism of the inhibition of glycolysis by glyceraldehyde

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| June 01 1951 On the mechanism of the inhibition of glycolysis by glyceraldehyde Dorothy M. Needham; Dorothy M. Needham 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge and the Pasteur Institute, Paris Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L. Siminovitch; L. Siminovitch 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge and the Pasteur Institute, Paris Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Sarah M. Rapkine Sarah M. Rapkine 1Biochemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge and the Pasteur Institute, Paris Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1951) 49 (1): 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0490113 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Dorothy M. Needham, L. Siminovitch, Sarah M. Rapkine; On the mechanism of the inhibition of glycolysis by glyceraldehyde. Biochem J 1 June 1951; 49 (1): 113–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0490113 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1951 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1951 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Neurosarcoidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ms. Hughes is a 4th Year Medical Student, and Dr. Vender is Associate Professor, Vice Chair for Clinical Services, Department of Neurosurgery; and Dr. Pruitt is Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, BI-3088, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, E-mail: [email protected]. Dr. Pruitt has disclosed that he is/was a member of the speakers bureau for GlaxoSmithKine and Pfizer, Inc. Ms. Hughes and Dr. Vender have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial organizations pertaining to this educational activity. Lippincott CME Institute, Inc., has identified and resolved all faculty conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity. Category: inflammatory diseases
Physical chemistry students’ navigation and use of models to predict and explain molecular vibration and rotation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Models that are used to predict and explain phenomena related to molecular vibration and rotation are ubiquitous in physical chemistry, and are of importance in many related fields. Yet, little work has been done to characterize student use and application of these models. We describe the results of a multi-year, multi-institutional qualitative study to investigate how students work with and apply models of molecular vibration and rotation. Our findings indicate that a sizable fraction of students (1) struggle to interpret the meaning of wavefunctions, (2) do not appropriately build potential and kinetic energy terms into models, and (3) conflate portions of various model systems. The data suggests that the ordering of content in the quantum chemistry course impacts students’ ideas about the rotational and vibrational behavior of molecules. The results are analyzed through the lenses of a two theoretical frameworks: one for scientific modeling, and one for heuristics in the context of chemistry. Implications for research and teaching practice are provided.