jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Recovery of Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction after Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Long-term prognosis of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease and poor left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) is unknown. We aimed to analyze the recovery of LVEF and incidence of adverse events after AVR in patients with BAV and poor LVEF. Materials and Methods A total of 90 consecutive BAV patients (mean age 57 ± 10 years, 89% male) with baseline LVEF ≤40% underwent an isolated AVR between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 2008, and served as our study population. Follow-up data (800 patient-years) were obtained for all 90 hospital survivors. A subgroup of patients who underwent AVR for BAV stenosis (Group aortic stenosis [AS], n = 70) was compared with those who underwent AVR for BAV regurgitation (Group aortic regurgitation [AR], n = 20). Primary end point was the recovery of LVEF in AS Group versus AR Group. Secondary end points were survival and freedom from adverse cardiac events (i.e., cardiac-related death and need for reinterventions due to persisting heart failure). Results There was a significant increase in LVEF (mean follow-up 9.0 ± 5 years) in AS versus AR Group (i.e., 32 ± 7% [baseline] and 53 ± 9% [follow-up], p < 0.001 in AS Group vs. 33 ± 7% [baseline] and 38 ± 13% [follow-up], p = 0.07 in AR Group). Recovery rate of LVEF was significantly higher in AS Group versus AR Group (i.e., 2.8 percentage points (pp)/year vs. 0.7 pp/year, respectively). In Group AS, 86% of patients were responders, whereas in Group AR, only 30% (p < 0.001). The subjects in Group AR did not show a difference between baseline and follow-up left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (baseline 61 ± 12 vs. follow-up 58 ± 8, p = 0.813), whereas in Group AS, there was a significant difference of LVEDD (baseline 56 ± 7 vs. follow-up 54 ± 6 mm, p = 0.019). Ten-year survival was 76 ± 6.5% in AS Group versus 78 ± 11% in AR Group (p = 0.3). Prevalence of late adverse cardiac events was 7% in AS Group versus 40% in AR Group (p = 0.03). Conclusion The recovery of reduced LVEF after AVR surgery is significantly impaired in patients with BAV regurgitation as compared with BAV stenosis.
Skin peptide defences of New Zealand frogs against chytridiomycosis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Over the past few decades, amphibian populations have undergone drastic declines on a global scale. Declines in many anuran populations have been linked to the emergent skin‐invasive amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ). Antimicrobial peptides in the skin are thought to act as important components of the innate immune system that may protect some species from infectious diseases. The four archaic species of Leiopelma in New Zealand are of great conservation concern and a severe population crash of Leiopelma archeyi between 1996 and 2001 has been tentatively linked with the outbreak of Bd . Here, we investigated the in vitro activity of skin secretions of six frog species in New Zealand against Bd zoospore growth. The activity of skin secretions produced by frogs in the wild varied significantly between species, with those of Le. archeyi being the most active. The skin secretions of native Leiopelmatid species showed greater Bd zoospore inhibition (31.0–71.9%) than the naturalized Litoria species (17.4–18.2%). Leiopelma archeyi has the most active peptides, even though it is the only native species with known susceptibility to Bd infections.
Can teacher practices reduce the gender gap in mathematics interest for students with different achievements?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Researchers have postulated that there is a positive effect of autonomy-supportive teacher practices on academic interest. Few studies, however, investigate how these practices can reduce the gender gap in mathematics interest. The goal of our study is to examine how autonomy-supportive practices effect on attitudes toward mathematics for girls and boys with different level of mathematics achievements. We used data from the Russian longitudinal study “Trajectories in Education and Career” (TrEC) to identify teacher practices which can reduce the gender gap in mathematics interest. Using hierarchical linear regression analysis we focused on two types of teacher practices: autonomy-supportive and controlling. We conducted analysis for boys and girls separately and evaluated how the effect of teacher practices on mathematics interest varies for boys and girls in general and according to their level of mathematics achievements. Our analysis demonstrates that girls are more sensitive to different teacher practices and some autonomy-supportive practices have a positive effect on mathematics interest for girls only and no effect on boys’ interest. We also identified that some teacher practices have different effects on students’ interest according to the level of their prior achievements. Autonomy-supportive practices are more important for students with high achievements
Children and Armed Conflict: Exploring the Approaches of Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Children are mostly considered to be vulnerable and passive victims in situations of armed conflict. The field of study of children and armed conflict has hitherto been dominated by the psycho- medical approach. Interventions in the field are also highly influenced by psychiatric and psychological research and therapeutic work. However, this approach has been critiqued for omitting the societal, environmental and relational dimensions of a child’s life that play an influential role during such adversities. One argues in favour of newer approaches like the social constructivist and everyday life sociology to study this phenomenon. These approaches look at children as social actors and active agents in their own rights during situation of armed conflict. Children’s agency and their response to adversities cannot be ignored. In order to get a holistic understanding of children in situations of armed conflict, one needs to look beyond the hitherto established frameworks and explore the everyday lives of children.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Dithiocarbonate (Xanthate) Derivatives of Various Methyl‐, t‐Butyl‐ and n‐Butylgermanes. Crystal Structures of MeGe(S2COEt)3×0.37 CS2 and MeGe(S2CO(i‐Pr))3× 0.50 CS2.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unleashing the Power of T1-cells in SFQ Arithmetic Circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapid single-flux quantum (RSFQ) is one of the most advanced cryogenic superconductive electronics technologies. With orders of magnitude smaller power dissipation, RSFQ is an attractive technology for cloud computing, aerospace electronics, and high-speed interfacing with quantum computing systems. Technological challenges however greatly complicate the realization of VLSI-complexity RSFQ systems. For example, gate-level pipelining in SFQ systems incurs a significant area overhead due to the need for path balancing. This issue is particularly detrimental to SFQ systems due to the limited layout density of RSFQ systems.Multiple advanced SFQ logic cells exist that can be efficiently realized using SFQ technology. For example, a T1-cell can realize the full adder function with only half the area required by the conventional realization. This cell however imposes complex constraints on input signal timing, complicating its use.Multiphase clocking, recently proposed to reduce the path balancing overhead, is an effective tool for controlling the timing of the signals within a network. By utilizing multiphase clocking, the timing of the input signals of the T1-cells can be efficiently satisfied, enabling its use within the SFQ networks. In this paper, we propose a two-stage SFQ technology mapping methodology supporting the T1-cells. During the logic synthesis stage, specific parts of the SFQ network are replaced by efficient T1-cells. During the retiming stage, phases are assigned to each logic gate within the network and DFFs are inserted to satisfy the timing constraints. Using our method, the area of the SFQ networks is reduced, on average, by 6% with up to 25% reduction in optimizing the 128-bit adder.
A critical exploration of developmental mathematics students' conceptions of the role of mathematics in society.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Analysis of the data was based primarily upon Skovsmose' theory of critical mathematics education and Mezirow's theory of perspective transformation. Two major divisions in the findings were developed. These two divisions represented a deconstruction of traditional authority structures and of the uses of mathematics. First, most participants questioned the inclusion of "academic" mathematics in the required curriculum for non-mathematical degrees, seeing it as more of a barrier than a benefit. The questioning process was explored both from the standpoint of distorted beliefs or perspectives and from the standpoint of intentionality in the learning process. Second, in an effort to spur a deeper critique of the role of mathematics, the study utilized "scene-setting, " or a scenario in which mathematics was used in an unconventional way. Within the group interview setting, participants wrestled with a use of mathematics that was no longer objective and value-neutral.
Evaluation of physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics of freeze-dried and reydrated yogurt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics and the viability of lactic acid bacteria during the fermentation process of the yogurt and after the freeze-dried process, in addition to testing three thickener formulations for the rehydration of the yogurt powder. During the fermentation process, the production of lactic acid and the growth of lactic acid bacteria were accompanied. Before and after freeze-dried process, yogurt was analyzed for pH, titratable acidity, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and viable lactic acid bacteria. After lyophilization, three thickener formulations were tested to evaluate the rehydration of powdered yogurt. At the end of the fermentation process, it was verified that the lactic acid bacteria grew to reach 7.8.107 UFC.g-1 and the acidity obtained was 9.27 g.L-1. The viable lactic acid bacteria count of freeze-dried and non-freeze-dried yogurt was 5.6.107 CFU.g-1 and 7.8.107 CFU.g-1, respectively. Non-freeze-dried and freeze-dried yogurts showed a content of 20.8% and 21.0% carbohydrates, 4.0% and 3.6% protein and 3.7% and 2.7% lipids, respectively. The combination of thickeners that provided viscosity similar to commercial yogurts was the guar gum, pectin and maltodextrin mix. Thus, it was possible to verify that the freeze-drying process maintains the physical-chemical characteristics and viability of lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the developed yogurt presented easy reconstitution at the time of consumption.
Obama's Local Connection: Racial Conflict or Solidarity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Local elections in the past four decades have provided valuable data for political scientists to test various hypotheses concerning racial relations in the United States. Past research has shown, for example, that the elections of African American candidates to powerful offices in urban America are closely related to the changing racial demographics of cities (Browning, Marshall, and Tabb 2003). More specifically, racial polarization in a city's mayoral election tends to be at a maximum when whites and blacks each compose about 50% of the city's population. On the other hand, a biracial coalition between whites and blacks led by a charismatic black candidate is more likely to win elections when blacks become a clear majority of the city population (Liu and Vanderleeuw 2007). One remaining question that has increasingly drawn attention from scholars is the condition under which a multiracial coalition may be successfully formed.
Prenatal dexamethasone exposure: glucocrticoid programming of the brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Human epidemiological studies have provided compelling evidence that prenatal \nenvironmental events are associated with significantly increased risks of developing \nneuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. This phenomenon has been studied and known as \n‘fetal programming of adult diseases’. According to the theory, environmental insults \noccurring at critical periods of pregnancy can permanently alter the structure and physiology \nof the developing organs, and may lead to adverse functional consequences that manifest later \nin life. It has been suggested that increased maternal glucocorticoids may be one common \nmechanism through which various environmental insults can affect on the developing fetus. \nTherefore, in this thesis, I studied the long-term prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure effects \non the functioning of the brain and investigated possible molecular mechanisms underlying \nthe programmed effects. \nBy using a rat model of prenatal dexamethasone (100μg/kg per day) administered to pregnant \ndams during the last week of gestation, I found that prenatal dexamethasone overexposure \nsignificantly reduced birth weight in both male and female offspring. I also assessed the \nconsequences of prenatal dexamethasone treatment on stress response and cognition in the \nadult male offspring by using a number of physiological and behavioural measures. Overall I \nfound no evidence of prenatal dexamethasone treatment effect on the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal \n(HPA) axis activity and behavioural responsivities to an acute stress in adult male \noffspring; however, prenatal dexamethasone exposure affected hippocampus and prefrontal \ncortex related cognition in the adult offspring, including contextual fear conditioning and \nbehavioural flexibility on water maze tasks. I further explored possible molecular mechanisms \nthat underlie the behavioural phenotypes of the prenatal dexamethasone rat model, and found \naltered brain gene expression with possible implications in synaptic plasticity and \nretrotransposon activities. \nCollectively, my current study suggests that prenatal dexamethasone exposure induces long-term \nprogramming effects on adult behaviour, associated with altered gene expression profile \nof the brain in the rat offspring. These results provide further evidence that prenatal \nglucocorticoid exposure may affect the development of the brain and its influence may endure \ninto adulthood.
The historic company as a factory of culture: between Heritage and contaminations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article looks at the contemporary stage of the historic enterprise as a factory of culture, capable of producing internally and communicating externally the value of heritage as a fundamental part of corporate culture, the contents of which serve to engage with different stakeholders and new users, a glue that hold together local communities and the community. In particular, it investigates the growing role played by archive-mania as an effect of a widespread archival culture that valorizes sources, locating in the past the guarantee of authenticity and corporate social responsibility, thanks also to a mix of valorization and communication of the past, in which the boundaries between the physical and the virtual, the cultural and the commercial become blurred and more difficult to distinguish. Finally, it examines the historic enterprise's narrative potential, which lends itself to new interpretations from the point of view of Industry 4.0, whose experiential and multidisciplinary dimension, implicit in its production processes, responds to the needs for participation and sharing expressed by contemporary cultural consumption, which appreciates the mix of art, fashion, cinema and design as an effect of artification: the aestheticization of products and services.
Short-Term Memory as a Function of Age and Response Interference

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Short-Term Memory as a Function of Age and Response Interference Get access Harvey A. Taub, PhD, Harvey A. Taub, PhD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph B. Walker, BA Joseph B. Walker, BA 1Psychology Service, Veterans Administration Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, The Authors wish to thank Mr. Ronald Berlin for his Assistance in Experiment II.Syracuse, New York. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 25, Issue 3, July 1970, Pages 177–183, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/25.3.177 Published: 01 July 1970
Perceived Poll Bias and Inference of Biased Poll Impact in the 2010 U.S. Midterm Elections: Media Performance in the Eyes of the Beholder

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of perceptions of opinion polls in assessing media performance in the 2010 midterm elections using data collected in a southern state.Results show strong hostile media effect in viewing the favorability of the polls and the third-person effect in assessing the impact of the polls on others and oneself.Moreover, results indicate that the influence of hostile polls on the perceived effect of these polls on oneself relative to others was mediated by poll exposure.Perception of hostile polls was found to be negatively related to poll exposure.The hotile perception indirectly affects perceived effects of polls on oneself and others, which in turn directly affects support for restrictions of election polls.The theretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Pet buddy: A wearable device for canine behavior recognition using a single IMU

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A number of households raising pets is increasing worldwide. On the other hand, there are issues on health of the pets such as the concern of controlling meals, scheduling exercises, as well as increasing stress levels of the pets that are left behind due to the owner's busy schedule. It is required to find resolutions for the issues. This research is the first step for the enhancement the health by monitoring behaviors of the pets. A wearable device using a single Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is developed. The device can be attached to canine and data from the device will be used to monitor and analyze behaviors of the canine.
Phase I study of ontuxizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing endosialin in Japanese patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2521 Background: Endosialin is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on cells involved in the development of tumor vasculature, primarily pericyte and stromal fibroblast. Ontuxizumab is a humanized IgG1κ mAb that is the first clinical stage agent to target Endosialin. Based on the safety profile obtained in the dose escalation portion of this study, 3 dosage cohorts were expanded to further characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary efficacy of Ontuxizumab in advanced HCC pts. Methods: HCC pts with Child-Pugh (CP) A who have no other appropriate treatment were enrolled at 4 study sites to 3 dosage cohorts; 4 and 8 mg/kg weekly, and 12 mg/kg biweekly as 4 weeks a cycle. Primary objective was safety. Efficacy endpoints were Response rate by RECIST v.1.1, Disease Control Rate (DCR) and Time to Progression (TTP). Results: Fifteen pts with advanced HCC pre-treated at minimum with sorafenib have been enrolled. Of these, 11 and 4 pts presented with ECOG 0 and 1 respectively, while 10 and 5 pts presented with CP A5 and A6 respectively. The PK profile from the HCC cohort was consistent with those of the dose escalation cohorts with other solid tumors. There were no significant differences for Cmax and AUC of Ontuxizumab between HCC and other solid tumors. Mean t1/2was 99.0 - 216 hours after multiple administrations. Safety profile was mainly characterized by Gr 1-2 events. Treatment related adverse events (AEs) were observed in 10 of 15 pts. The most common AEs were hiccups (20%), ALT increased, AST increased, blood bilirubin increased, hypoalbuminaemia and malaise (each 13%). There were 3 treatment related Gr 3-4 AEs (ALT increased, AST increased and hyperglycaemia), and no treatment related serious AEs. No CRs or PRs were reported; DCR was 60% with TTP ranging 1.4 to 12.9 months. Five pts (33%) showed tumor shrinkage and durable (over 6 months) SD was observed in 3 pts (20%). Conclusions: Ontuxizumab appears generally well tolerated in this HCC population with a PK profile consistent with the profile in other solid tumors. Preliminary efficacy results suggest that Ontuxizumab at minimum 4 mg/kg weekly warrants further investigation for clinical activity in HCC. Clinical trial information: NCT01773434.
TAVŞANLI ZONE: THE NORTHERN SUBDUCTED MARGIN OF THE ANATOLIDETAURIDE BLOCK

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tavsanli Zonu, Anatolid-Torid Bloku'nun kuzey ucunda yer alan ve Kretase'de yuksek basinc-dusuk sicaklik kosullarinda metamorfizma gecirmis kesimini olusturur. Kuzeyden Izmir-Ankara Kenedi, guneyden Afyon Zonu kayalari tarafindan sinirlanan Tavsanli Zonu baslica dort tektonik uniteden olusmustur. En altta duzenli bir stra- tigrafik istif sunan ve Gec Kretase'de (~80 my) ~24 kbar basinc, 430-500 °C sicaklikta metamorfizma gecirmis olan Orhaneli Grubu yer alir. Orhaneli Grubu kendi icinde alttan uste dogru mikasist, mermer ve metabazit-meta- cort-fillat ardalanmasindan meydana gelmistir. Orhaneli Grubu uzerinde tektonik dokanaklarla ofiyolitli melanj veya dogrudan ofiyolit kutleleri oturur. Ofiyolitli melanji olusturan bazalt, cort, pelajik seyl, kirectasi gibi kayalar dusuk sicakliklarda bir baslangic mavisist metamorfizmasi gecirmistir. Tektonik istifin en ust uyesini olusturan ofi- yolit kutlesinin buyuk bir kesimi (>%90) peridotitlerden yapilmistir. Peridotitlere az oranlarda gabro, piroksenit gibi kayalar eslik eder. Peridotit kutleleri izole diyabaz dayklari tarafindan kesilmistir. Tavsanli Zonu'nun bati kesim- lerinde tum bu birimler Alt-Orta Eosen granodiyoritleri tarafindan kesilir, dogu kesimlerinde ise Erken Eosen yasli denizel kirectaslari, ofiyolit ve mavisistleri uyumsuzlukla orter. Anatolid-Torid Bloku'nun kuzey ucu Kampa- niyen'de bir okyanus ici dalma-batma zonuna girerek YB/DS kosullarinda deforme olmus ve metamorfizma gecir- mistir. Mavisistler, dalma-batma olayi surerken, kita-kita carpismasi gerceklesmeden, Maastrihtiyen ve Pa- leosen'de, tabanda bindirme fayi, tavanda normal fay arasinda bir tektonik dilim olarak yuzeye cikmistir. Tavsanli Zonu tektonik konumu ve jeolojik olaylarin zamanlamasi acisindan Umman dogusunda bulunan Semail ofiyolitine ve altindaki mavisist ve eklojitlere buyuk benzerlik sunar.