jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gas heating by energetic particles in M87 and the Coma cluster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We calculate the rate of energy transfer by energetic electrons and protons to the gas in the inner haloes of M87 and the Coma cluster. If the energetic proton-to-electron ratio is comparable to its galactic value, proton energy deposition is important in affecting the thermal state of the gas. In these environments, we argue, the plasma is not anomalously resistive to the motion of energetic particles and hence the particles are essentially Coulomb-coupled to the plasma.
A Comparison of Root- and Shoot-wood Development in Conifer Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tracheid diameter, wall thickness, and wall area per tracheid increased towards the root tip in first-year seedlings of Picea sitchensis and Pinus sylvestris; this is shown to be associated with differences in duration of the expansion and wall thickening phases of tracheid development. Transfer to short days produces a similar response throughout the plant, tracheid diameter and wall thickness decreasing shortly after transfer, due to a decline in rate of development. These data are discussed in relation to growth-regulator gradients likely to exist between root and shoot. It is pointed out that though effects of growth regulators on tracheid dimensions are well documented, it has yet to be established whether this is due to their regulation of the rate or of the duration of development.
PERSONALITY DIMENSION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ON-THE-JOB PERFORMANCE

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality dimensions and OJT performance of the BS Information Technology and BS Information Systems graduating students of a state university in the Philippines. Descriptive method of research was used. The participants of this study are the 73 Fourth Year BS Information Technology and 43 BS Information Systems students. A standardized questionnaire on The Five-Factor of Personality Dimensions Model as conceptualized by Costa and McCrae (1992) was used to determine the personality dimensions of the respondents. To determine the OJT Performance of the respondents, a questionnaire on OJT Performance Rating was used. The results of the study shows that the level of the personality dimensions of the respondents in the areas of Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness as a whole shows acceptable performance levels and when they are grouped according to course. The level of the OJT performance of the respondents when taken as a whole and when they are grouped according to course are all found to be above average performance levels. There is significant difference between each of the personality dimensions and OJT performance of the respondents when they are grouped according to course and OJT performance of the respondents.
Gas-phase reactions of atomic lanthanide cations with methyl chloride Periodicities in reactivity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Room temperature reactions of lanthanide atomic cations (excluding Pm + ) with CH 3 Cl are surveyed systematically in the gas phase using an inductively coupled plasma/selected-ion flow tube (ICP/SIFT) tandem mass spectrometer. Reaction rate coefficients are reported along with product distributions in He at 0.35 Torr (1 Torr = 133.3224 Pa) and 295 K. Cl atom transfer is the predominant reaction channel observed with all 14 lanthanide cations, but minor CH 3 Cl addition also occurs with the late lanthanide cations Dy + , Ho + , Er + , Tm + , and Yb + . The reaction efficiency for Cl atom transfer is shown to be governed by the energy required to promote an electron to achieve a d 1 s 1 excited electronic configuration in which two non-f electrons are available for bonding: it decreases as the promotion energy increases and the periodic trend in reaction efficiency along the lanthanide series matches the periodic trend in the corresponding electron-promotion energy. This behaviour is consistent with a CCl bond insertion mechanism of the type proposed previously for insertion reactions of Ln + cations with hydrocarbons and methyl fluoride. Direct Cl atom abstraction by a harpoonlike mechanism was excluded because of an observed noncorrelation of reaction efficiency with IE(Ln + ). A remarkable Arrhenius-like correlation is observed for the dependence of reactivity on promotion energy: the early and late lanthanide cations exhibit characteristic temperatures of (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10 4 and (4.5 ± 0.3) × 10 3 K, respectively. A rapid second Cl atom transfer occurs with LaCl + , CeCl + , GdCl + , TbCl + , and LuCl + , but there was no evidence for a third chlorine atom abstraction with any of the LnCl 2 + cations. Both LnCl + and LnCl 2 + add up to five methyl chloride molecules under the experimental operating conditions of the ICP/SIFT tandem mass spectrometer.Key words: lanthanide cations, Cl atom transfer, electron promotion, methyl chloride.
Operational soil moisture data assimilation for improved continental water balance prediction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Operational soil moisture data assimilation for improved continental water balance predictionAuthors Siyuan Tian iD Luigi John Renzullo Robert C. Pipunic iD Julien Lerat Wendy Sharples Chantal Donnelly See all authors Siyuan TianiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorAustralian National UniversityiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-0249view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressLuigi John RenzulloAustralian National Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressRobert C. PipuniciDBureau of MeteorologyiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-8048view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJulien LeratBureau of Meteorologyview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressWendy SharplesBureau of Meteorologyview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressChantal DonnellyBureau of Meteorologyview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Predictors and Predictive Score of In-Hospital Mortality in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The primary objective of this study was to identify relevant clinical and biochemical predictors and create a predictive score for in-hospital DKA mortality. Materials and Methods: A 6-year retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with DKA and admitted to Chiang Mai University Hospital, a tertiary care center in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021, was conducted. Baseline clinical data and laboratory investigations were collected. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, clustered by type of diabetes, was performed to identify significant predictors. A predictive risk score was created using significant predictive factors identified by multivariable analysis. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a significant p-value set at <0.05. Results: Ninety-three patients diagnosed with DKA were included in the study. Ten patients died during admission. Significant predictors for in-hospital mortality of DKA included age > 55 years (OR 7.8, p = 0.007), female gender (OR 3.5, p < 0.001), anion gap > 30 mEq/L (OR 2.6, p = 0.003), hemoglobin levels < 10 g/dL (OR 16.9, p < 0.001), and the presence of cardiovascular disease (OR 1.3, p = 0.046). The predictive risk score ranged from 1 to 14 for low risk, and 14.5–23.5 for high risk of in-hospital mortality. The predictive performance of the scoring system was 0.82 based on the area under the curve, with a sensitivity of 73.8% and specificity of 96.4%. Conclusions: Multiple clinical and biochemical factors, along with a predictive risk score, could assist in predicting in-hospital mortality of DKA and serve as a guide for physicians to identify patients at high risk. Nevertheless, as the predictive score was internally validated with data from a single institution, external validation in diverse healthcare settings with larger datasets or prospective cohorts is crucial to confirm the model’s generalizability and predictive accuracy.
Efficient Localization System for Mobile Agents Using Active Beacons

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Efficient Localization System for Mobile Agents Using Active Beacons Suyoung Shin, Jongsuk Choi, Mignong Park Abstract: In this paper we propose an efficient method of localization for mobile agents by using the active beacon. Active beacons include the ultrasonic sensor, RF module and 8bit microprocessor. Existent systems have the constraint that one beacon cannot cover wide area since ultrasonic sensors have limits in the angle of signal (beam-angle) on which their signal strength depends. We make the beacons active by adding pan-tilt mechanism. In this way, we can use the strongest signal of the ultrasonic waves. As a result, the accuracy of active beacon system has been improved. And it is possible to measure local positions in wider area with this system than with existent beacon systems. In addition, this system is inexpensive because it can decrease the number of beacons by about the half of the existent system. Keywords: active beacon, mobile agent, indoor localization, time of flight, ultrasonic, pan-tilt DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2004/0097 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Enol Ethers. Part 85. Synthesis of 4‐Piperidones from 2‐ Trimethylsilyloxy‐1,3‐dienes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Car-following model of vehicular traffic

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Car-following model is a microscopic simulation model of vehicular traffic, which describes the one-by-one following process of vehicles on the same lane. As a common traffic phenomenon, following behavior is important in the micro-study of traffic. In consequence, the car-following has been paid great attention. Compared with other traffic-flow models, car-following model embodies the human factors and reflects the real traffic situation in a better way. This paper, which introduces and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of GHR model, OV model, CA model, and fuzzy-logic model in detail, gives a systematic review of the development and actuality of car-following model. In final, it discusses two types of stability analytic theory: local stability and asymptotic stability, to some extent.
Starlight: Interactive Link

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Interactive Link forms part of a suite of products being developed as part of the Starlight research program. This research program is investigating methods for achieving military-relevant information security capabilities which are genuinely cost-effective. The Interactive Link is a retrofittable device which fits to commercial off-the-shelf workstations and PCs which are connected to classified networks. The Link allows interactive access to low or unclassified networks, such as the Internet, in a manner which is accreditable via the authorising government agencies. The advantage of the Interactive Link over other methods is that it allows untrusted graphical windowing applications, such as X Windows applications or Microsoft Windows applications, to run in a manner permitting users to have windows at differing security levels.
Annex to Chapter 9: Recent developments in the European Legal Tax Order

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Considerable formal and – to a lesser extent – material changes in the setup of the European Legal Order in recent years have implicated an unchanged need for a European Legal Tax Order. Legislative constitutional developments entailing both the enlargement to 27 Member States and the further consolidation of the Union, first through the failed attempt of a 'Constitutional Treaty', then through the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, have to be contrasted with a remarkably changed attitude of the Court of Justice regarding negative integration in the area of (direct) taxation, which increasingly focuses on possible justifications for unequal treatment by the Member States. Both areas of recent developments are considered in this contribution. In particular, it is examined whether the Court of Justice has taken any steps towards the ability to pay principle as a basis for a true European Legal Tax Order.
Convergent Evolution Provides Evidence of Similar Radiations in Shell Shape in the Turtle Families Emydidae and Geoemydidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated phenotypic diversification in the species-rich and ecologically diverse turtle families Emydidae and Geoemydidae. In particular, we were interested in whether these groups, with many ecologically and morphologically similar species, show similar patterns of evolutionary radiation. We focused on directions of evolution and evolutionary allometry; we also quantitatively investigated whether two supposed morphological analogs shared within the two groups (e.g., “Box Turtles” and “Wood Turtles”) show evidence of convergence. A set of 53 three-dimensional landmarks were digitized on 1029 turtle shells representing 50 emydid species and 62 geoemydid species. These data were analyzed using standard geometric morphometric techniques. Evolutionary patterns were assessed using tests for phylogenetic signal, and the relationship between size and shell shape was determined via phylogenetic regression. Tests for phylogenetic signal in shell shape and for allometry both yielded significant results. Three hypothesis testing methods were applied to determine whether the supposed morphological analogs in the emydid and geoemydid families exhibited convergence. Although there was no evidence of shared adaptive peaks among either Box Turtles or Wood Turtles, there was evidence in both groups that their members have evolved to be more similar to each other compared to their ancestors than would be expected by chance. Thus, although both Box Turtles and Wood Turtles each show modest convergence, most of the evidence indicates a complex pattern of convergence and differentiation within both groups. Similarities in certain aspects of morphology or ecology might be overshadowing biologically meaningful variation within these morphological analogs.
Nitrolinoleic acid: An endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nitroalkene derivatives of linoleic acid (nitrolinoleic acid, LNO 2 ) are formed via nitric oxide-dependent oxidative inflammatory reactions and are found at concentrations of ≈500 nM in the blood of healthy individuals. We report that LNO 2 is a potent endogenous ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; K i ≈133 nM) that acts within physiological concentration ranges. This nuclear hormone receptor (PPARγ) regulates glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. PPARγ ligand activity is specific for LNO 2 and not mediated by LNO 2 decay products, NO donors, linoleic acid (LA), or oxidized LA. LNO 2 is a significantly more robust PPARγ ligand than other reported endogenous PPARγ ligands, including lysophosphatidic acid (16:0 and 18:1), 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -PGJ 2 , conjugated LA and azelaoyl-phosphocholine. LNO 2 activation of PPARγ via CV-1 cell luciferase reporter gene expression analysis revealed a ligand activity that rivals or exceeds synthetic PPARγ agonists such as rosiglitazone and ciglitazone, is coactivated by 9 cis -retinoic acid and is inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. LNO 2 induces PPARγ-dependent macrophage CD-36 expression, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose uptake also at a potency rivaling thiazolidinediones. These observations reveal that NO-mediated cell signaling reactions can be transduced by fatty acid nitration products and PPAR-dependent gene expression.
Fibre Orientation and Breakage in Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Systems: Experimental Validation of Models for Injection Mouldings. Validation of Short and Long Fibre Prediction Models within Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight 2014

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

End-gated and centre gated mouldings have been assessed with varying \nthickness and sprue geometries for the centre gate. Alternative image analysis \ntechniques are used to measure the orientation and length of injection moulded \nshort and long fibres composite components. The fibre orientation distribution \n(FOD) measurements for both geometries have been taken along the flow path. \nIn shear flow the FOD changes along the flow path, however the FOD remains \nrelatively constant during expansion flow. The core width and FOD at the skin \nwithin a long glass fibre (LGF) specimen is different in comparison to a short \nglass fibre (SGF) specimen. Fibre length measurements have been taken from \nthe extrudate, sprue and 2 positions within the centre gate cavity. The size of \nthe sprue has little influence on fibre breakage if the moulding is more than 1 \nmm thick \nThe SGF FOD prediction models within Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight \n2014 (ASMI) have been validated against measured SGF data. At present, by \ndefault, the models over-predict the <cos2θ> for most geometries. When the \ncoefficients are tailored for each model, drastic improvements are seen in the \nFOD prediction. The recently developed SGF RSC model accurately predicts \nthe FOD in shear, in a thin geometry, whereas the Folgar-Tucker model predicts \nthe FOD accurately in expansion flow. \nThe measured LGF fibre length distribution (FLD) and FOD have been validated \nagainst the LGF prediction models. The LGF models are currently under predicting the breakage and over-predicting <cos2θ>. The breakage prediction improves if measured FLD of the extrudate is input into the model.
Effect of rail dimension on current distribution and inductance gradient

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The railgun is one of the most important electromagnetic launchers that can accelerate a projectile to hypervelocity. Current distribution in railgun structure is the effective factor that determines its efficiency. Current density is affected by rails and armature geometry and dimensions. This paper investigates how the rails dimensions and spaces affect the current density distribution, magnetic flux density, and inductance gradient (L'). L' plays an important role in the performance of an electromagnetic launcher (EML), and it determines directly the force that accelerate projectile. Finally, L' for various dimensions are tabulated and compared with values obtained from other methods. A finite-element method is discussed to simulate a two-dimensional railgun in this study.
Predisposing factors of sheep lameness

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Lameness is a major health problem in sheep flocks worldwide. It is associated with reduced productivity and welfare of lame animals within a flock. The consequences of lameness on production have been studied in meat and wool producing breeds, but the available research studies are limited. In dairy breeds of sheep the problem has not been investigated. Lameness can be the result of many causes, but it is mostly associated with foot lesions. With the exception of systemic diseases, a number of predisposing factors seem to dictate the epidemiology of lameness. Here, these factors are grouped in two major categories: a) genetic factors that are attributed to individual animals and b) environmental factors that affect the prevalence of lameness within the flock. In this review, different approaches to counteract those factors are presented. In principle, appropriate genetic selection, together with the implementation of preventive measures, could reduce the negative consequences of those factors. Nutrition is a fundamental factor associated with the health of the foot and the animal in general. Hence, the formulation of a balanced rationis crucial, because deficiencies in specific nutrients, involved in the keratinization of hoof wall, could predispose to lameness. The latter could be also associated with inappropriate housing conditions (e.g. bedding, ventilation). In particular, moisture has been identified as an important predisposing factor for foot lesions. Flock management (e.g. foot trimming, foot bathing), particularly in intensively reared sheep, can also affect the prevalence of lameness. Moreover, the implementation of biosecurity measures at farm level could eliminate the possibility of infectious footrot from purchased animals. In conclusion, the implementation of any preventive measures against the predisposing factors of lameness implies that the farmer is aware of the importance and the consequences of lameness in his flock. The role of the veterinarian is also important. The veterinarian should not focus only on the diagnosis and the treatment of lame animals, but should also try to educate the farmer on the epizootiology of the problem.
FANCD2 Confers a Malignant Phenotype in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating Cell Cycle Progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fanconi anemia patients with germline genetic defects in FANCD2 are highly susceptible to cancers. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly cancer. Little is known about the function of FANCD2 in ESCC. For detailed molecular and mechanistic insights on the functional role of FANCD2 in ESCC, in vivo and in vitro assays and RNA sequencing approaches were used. Utilizing Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) technology, FANCD2 knockout models were established to examine the functional impact in mouse models for tumor growth and metastasis and in vitro assays for cell growth, cell cycle, and cellular localization. Our RNA sequence analyses were integrated with public datasets. FANCD2 confers a malignant phenotype in ESCC. FANCD2 is significantly upregulated in ESCC tumors, as compared to normal counterparts. Depletion of FANCD2 protein expression significantly suppresses the cancer cell proliferation and tumor colony formation and metastasis potential, as well as cell cycle progression, by involving cyclin-CDK and ATR/ATM signaling. FANCD2 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during cell cycle progression. We provide evidence of a novel role of FANCD2 in ESCC tumor progression and its potential usefulness as a biomarker for ESCC disease management.