jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Targeted Discovery of Influenza A Virus Replication Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Influenza A is one of the most prevalent and significant viral infections worldwide, resulting in annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Upon infection, antiviral drugs targeting the neuraminidase protein and M2 protein are the only treatment options available. However, the emergence of antiviral drug resistance is concerning, therefore the aim of this work was to identify inhibitor molecules that may bind to highly conserved regions of selected internal influenza A proteins. Sequences of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), nuclear export protein (NEP) and polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) from all hosts and subtypes were aligned and the degree of amino acid conservation was calculated based on Valdar’s scoring method. Missing parts of the experimental structures were predicted using the I-TASSER server and ligand binding hot spots were identified with computational solvent mapping. Selected binding sites in conserved regions were subjected to virtual screening against two compound libraries using AutoDock Vina and AutoDock 4. Two out of twelve top hit compounds predicted to target the NS1 protein showed capability of reducing influenza A H1N1 replication in plaque reduction assays at concentrations below 100 µM, although the target protein and mechanism of action could not be confirmed. For the NEP, conservation analysis was based on 3000 sequences and binding hot spots were located in common areas amongst three structures. Docking results revealed predicted binding affinities of up to -8.95 kcal/mol, and conserved amino acid residues interacting with top compounds include Arg42, Asp43, Lys39, Ile80, Gln101, Leu105, and Val109. For the PB2 protein, conservation analysis was based on ~12,000 sequences and fifteen potential binding hot spots were identified. Docking results revealed predicted binding affinities of up to -10.3 kcal/mol, with top molecules interacting with the highly conserved residues Gln138, Gly222, Ile539, Asn540, Gly541, Tyr531 and Thr530. The findings from this research could provide starting points for in vitro experiments, as well as the development of antiviral drugs that function to inhibit influenza A replication without leading to resistance.
Regional resilience during a trade war: The role of global connections and local networks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic sanctions can adversely affect target countries. We study how regions withstand these sanctions amid the US-China trade war. Adopting a geographic relational perspective, we posit that regional resilience hinges on global connections and local networks. Analyzing nightlight data, we find that regional resilience is closely tied to the nature of global connections: cities prioritizing high-value-adding exports perform better, while those reliant on foreign firms for exports and focused on processing trade are more vulnerable. Furthermore, cities with economic development zones exhibit greater resilience to the trade war, underscoring the importance of networks within these zones in mitigating adverse effects.
Absorption of lanthanum by the enamel surface of rat teeth

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Lanthanum inhibits dental caries formation in hamsters infected with Streptococcus mutans prevents adherence of human oral microbes to the glass surface and changes the microbial flora in the oral cavity of the hamster.The enamel surface of extracted non-carious human teeth were treated with a lanthanum nitrate solution, so that La3+ was displaced by Ca2+ in the enamel surface, and the enamel surface was coated with lanthanum phosphate compounds. We observed that the lanthanum phosphate compounds strengthen the aciduric resistance of teeth.The purpose of this study was to examine the inhibited caries formation in rats, which had been applied with an 8% lanthanum nitrate solution once a day for two weeks, and then observed for five months.The results were as follows:(1) The applied group reduced the caries formation to half of the control group.(2) The change in the number of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli was within the microbial flora in the oral cavity of rats, which was applied with a lanthanum nitrate solution on the enamel surface.(3) We observed that La3+ displaces Ca2+ in the enamel surface for three months, but that after five months, the lanthanum disappeared from the enamel surface.(4) The products of lanthanum phosphate compounds were made in the enamel surface, and the compounds included LaPO4, La4 (P2O7)3, LaP3O9·3H2O, LaP5O14 and LaHP2O7·3H2O.
Measures of Sexual Minority Status and Suicide Risk among Young Adults in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple measures of sexual minority status are necessary to accurately describe the diversity of attractions, identities, and behaviors in sexual minority populations. We investigated whether four measures of sexual minority status (sexual minority attraction, sexual minority identity, sexual minority lifetime behavior, and sexual minority recent 12-month behavior) were associated with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among young adults ages 24 to 34 in the United States. We analyzed data from Wave IV (2007-2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We employed logistic regression models in the analysis. Multiple sexual minority status measures had significant associations with increased suicidal thoughts among women and men. Multiple sexual minority status measures had significant associations with increased suicide attempts among women, but not among men. Diverse sexual minority populations are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts. Multiple measures of sexual minority status should be utilized in future studies of sexual minority status and suicide risk. Suicide prevention programs should ensure intervention is available across diverse sexual minority populations.
The Decline of Informed Trading in the Equity and Options Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Reliable excess returns from active portfolio management derive from informed trading. This article investigates the information content of informed trading in the equity market and the options market. The authors find that informed equity trading and options trading are positively correlated in the time series but virtually uncorrelated cross sectionally. Portfolio-level and stock-level analyses provide robust evidence that the cross-sectional return predictive power of informed trading in each market is distinct. Time-series analyses indicate that aggregate informed options trading is useful for predicting market returns but that the amount of informed trading has declined significantly in more recent years. The time-series patterns of both informed trading measures coincide closely with the decline in equity hedge fund excess returns. TOPICS:Security analysis and valuation, options, statistical methods, performance measurement
Reading Barker with Lacan: Twenty asides on Woman, the One and the Real

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTABSTRACTFor many critics, Howard Barker's theatre can be defined by its emphasis on sexual desire. Despite its focus on death and on the sexual individual, however, it is also strongly characterized by an almost exclusive relationship with the One. The twenty aphorisms in this contribution seek to engage with this apparent contradiction on a more poetic level. Five cycles of four asides each set out to uncover Lacan's statement that ‘there is no sexual relationship’ in the Art of Theatre. Their aim is to poetically define and interrogate the role of and her innate connection to the Real in Barker's tragedy.KEYWORDS: tragedythe Realdeathdesiresexual relationshipLacan
Camels and Arabian balîya and other forms of sacrifice: a review of archaeological and literary evidence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper surveys the recent archaeological information for the balîya immolation tradition of pre‐Islamic Arabia, whereby a camel or other valued animal was slaughtered to accompany a person of status in death so that they had an animal to ride or to maintain their status in the afterlife. In contrast to the dhibh immolation, which is prescribed in the Holy Qur’ân in memory of the sacrifice of the Prophet Ibrâhîm, the balîya is forbidden in Islam. Unlike the dhibh immolation, the balîya sacrifice was interred whole and provides precise archaeological information about the circumstances of its slaughter and burial. Information about such immolations derives largely from excavations in southern and eastern Arabia.
Truth in Nietzsche’s and Dostoevsky’s Philosophy: A Comparative Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The German philosopher Fredrick Nietzsche is one of the most significant thinkers whose work immensely impacted modern intellectual history. Likewise, the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky is an influential figure whose philosophy and contribution to literature is also huge. However, there are common grounds that these two prominent figures share, especially with the fact that they were contemporaries and influenced each other. The aim of this paper is to explore the connection between Nietzsche and Dostoevsky in terms of the concept of truth. Nietzsche’s concept of ‘perspectivism’, which he proposes in some of his works, will be linked to Dostoevsky’s novel Notes from Underground to show how these two prominent figures share a common ground in this respect.
A controlled, reproducible, and extensible experiment for evaluating the impact of Tor latency

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Tor anonymity network is an essential protection for those living in oppressive regimes, who may be persecuted for their speech or other activities on the Internet. However, its usability is severely affected by high latency. Furthermore, because of the difficulty associated with conducting research evaluations on the Tor network, there has been insufficient research aimed at this problem. To address this, we develop a CloudLab profile that instantiates a private Tor testing network for easy, reproducible experimental evaluations on Tor. We demonstrate how to use this CloudLab profile to measure the page load time of selected web pages over a Tor network under different network conditions representative of typical Tor usage.
Iron-rich industrial sludge-derived metal organic framework for enhanced photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The escalating discharge of textile effluents, burdened with persistent dyes such as methy­lene blue (MB), has become a significant global concern. In this study, a surface-engineered iron sludge, denoted as IMS-MOF, was synthesized by modifying iron-rich industrial metal sludge (IMS) to enhance its performance in photoelectrochemical degradation of MB. The IMS-MOF was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, utilizing IMS as the metal ion source and 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) as ligand. Characterization results revealed that IMS-MOF exhibited an increase in surface area (50.34 m² g-1), and porosity (0.27 cm³ g-1) compared to IMS (36.56 m² g-1, 0.19 cm³ g-1). Additionally, the MOF process induced a morphological transition from densely agglomerated particles with rough surface features to well-defined, rod-shaped crystalline structures, characteristic of metal-organic frameworks, thereby sig­nificantly enhancing the specific surface area and active site accessibility. This structural rear­rangement led to a significant increase in the specific surface area and facilitated enhanced access to the active sites within the framework. The band gap reduction in IMS-MOF enhanced its photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation. Photoelectrochemical degradation studies showed that IMS-MOF achieved higher MB removal efficiency than IMS, with over 90 % MB degradation within a specific contact time. The adsorbent exhibits good adsorption performance over a broad pH range (5-11). By scavenging tests of free radicals generated, hydroxy radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O2-) were indicated as the reactive oxygen species in the photoelectrochemical degradation. Although IMS-MOF showed a 15.1 % decrease after 10 cycles, it still possessed reusability and stability, indicating that it is qualified for textile wastewater treatment in practice.
Estimate of body growth curve and feed intake of free-range chickens receiving different levels of digestible lysine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aim of the study: To adjust nonlinear Gompertz model to describe the body growth and feed intake (FI) of free-range chickens of the CPK (Color Plumé) strain, receiving different levels of digestible lysine (dig-Lys), from 21 to 77 days of age.Area of study: São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.Material and methods: A total of 432 one-day-old unsexed chickens were used in the study. At 21 days of age, the birds were assigned to four treatments (0.85%; 0.97%; 1.09%; 1.21%) of dig-Lys, in a completely randomized design with four replicates, with 27 birds per experimental unit. The Gompertz model was used to estimate bird growth curves related to body weight (BW) and FI at each Lys level.Main results: The tests of comparison between the parameters of the Gompertz model for each Lys level showed that parameter A varied, while parameters B (0.0329) and C (45.819) did not differ significantly. In parameter A, the dig-Lys level of 0.97% provided the highest BW estimate at maturity and maximum BW at the inflection point.Research highlights: Use of non-linear models to predict nutritional requirements, helps farmers to optimize management decisions and, thus, maximize their profit. According to Gompertz model, it was possible to infer that the inclusion of 0.97% dig-Lys in the diet of mixed batches of free-range chickens of the CPK strain meets their nutritional requirements.
Relationships Among Cognitive Function and Handgrip Strength And Endurance In Older Men And Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To examine the relationships among cognitive function and handgrip strength and endurance in older adults. METHODS: Seventy-one healthy older adults (22 men, 49 women) ages 65-85 years (mean±SD height=168±8 cm, mass=76±14 kg) participated. After familiarization, participants were tested for cognitive function: serial sevens (S7), trail making (TM), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The S7 test was timed to completion (S7T) and number of errors (S7E) while counting backwards from 100 by sevens. The TM test timed participants drawing lines sequentially connecting encircled numbers and letters using two patterns: A (TMA) and B (TMB). The RAVLT scored five 15-item auditory word recalls (RSUM), an interference word recall (RB), a 6th word recall (R6), and a 15-item visual word recognition trial (RR). After maximal handgrip strength measurements (HGMAX, Jamar ®, Warrenville, IL), intermittent handgrip contractions at 50% of HGMAX were performed until failure, and the number of contractions was recorded as handgrip endurance (HGCON). Independent samples t-tests (or Mann-Whitney U) for gender differences and Pearson r (or Spearman’s ρ) for correlations analyzed the normally (or non-normally) distributed variables. RESULTS: Men were taller and heavier (p≤0.05), but there was no gender difference in age (p>0.05). Women scored better (p≤0.05) than men for RSUM, R6, and RR, while men had greater handgrip strength (p<0.01). For women, HGCON was related to RSUM (ρ=0.30, p=0.04) and R6 (ρ=0.36, p=0.01). For men, HGMAX was correlated with R6 (ρ=0.49, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Handgrip endurance (HGCON) was positively related to word recall scores for women, but not men. Conversely, handgrip strength (HGMAX) was positively related to one word recall score (R6) for men, but not for women. These findings suggested that any relationships among cognitive function and handgrip strength and/or endurance may be gender-specific in healthy adults.
Sensitivity of pole arc/pole pitch ratio on switched reluctance motor performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The sensitivity of the pole-arc/pole-pitch ratio of the stator and rotor on the performance of a switched reluctance motor is investigated. An analytical method based on magnetic flux path and a two-dimensional finite-element analysis are used. The sensitivity study is performed by comparing the average torque developed for different stator as well as rotor pole-arc/pole-pitch ratios and choosing the ratio combination that produces the greatest value of average torque.< >
LAURA MOONEYHAM WHITE, Jane Austen's Anglicanism.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

LAURA MOONEYHAM WHITE argues that Jane Austen’s ‘stable moral vision followed naturally from her Anglican Christianity, which was central to her identity as a person and as a writer’ (187). Postmodern and secular readings of Austen’s novels cannot therefore reflect a world that now appears strange and remote. White answers ‘the school of criticism that celebrates Austen’s subversive wickedness and independence’ by placing what she calls her ‘malice, irony, and worldly knowingness’ within the context of ‘her religious inheritance and preoccupations’ (4). Anglicans such as Austen were not democratic, White maintains, for that would disorder God’s ‘natural’ hierarchies (5). In Part I, White traces the history of the Georgian church, including the strong ties to the state and the upper classes that slowed its response to forces of revolution and reform such as Evangelicalism. In Part II, she sets Austen’s ‘malicious wit’ against the family’s ‘testimony to her Christian piety and kindness’ (8), arguing that her faith taught her to control and suppress that malice. In Part III, she shows how concepts of natural law, the Great Chain of Being, Providence, probability, and typology affected her writing. In Part IV, she examines the ‘possible sins of speech and possible sins in writing fiction at all’, concluding that ‘Austen’s propensity for malice and subversive wordplay’ is leavened by her awareness of this inclination as a moral and spiritual failing, and her growing appreciation of the virtue of ‘candor’, meaning generous sympathy (8). Austen’s creation of ‘imaginists’ and ‘that almost god-like being, the narrator “Jane Austen” ’ reveals her understanding of the moral problems of authorship relative to God the Creator, she says. Finally, White surveys ‘the ontological and moral gulf’ between Emma and The Importance of Being Earnest to show that by the end of the nineteenth century, Wilde can figure Evangelical Anglican orthodoxy as ‘bankrupt’ (8).
Difficulty in the Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation Syndrome <i>In Uter</i><i>o </i>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The fetus of a 30-year-old pregnant Japanese woman was diagnosed with absence of inferior vena cava (IVC) and azygos continuation of interrupted IVC without cardiac anomalies at 34 weeks of gestation, and a healthy male neonate weighing 2,910 g was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation. On day 42 after birth, direct bilirubin predominant hyperbilirubinemia and high serum gamma-GTP levels were detected. Computed tomography revealed the presence of a lobulated and accessory spleen, and laparotomy demonstrated type III biliary atresia (BA), confirming the final diagnosis of BA splenic malformation (BASM) syndrome. In retrospect, non-visualization of the gallbladder was missed in utero. The combination of the absence of IVC and BA without cardiac anomalies is far less likely to occur in left isomerism. Although BA remains difficult to detect in utero, special attention should be paid to cases of BA associated with findings of left isomerism, including the absence of IVC, to enable early diagnosis and treatment of BASM.
Can Ginger Protective Role Against Bisphenol A-Induction on NMRI Mice Ovarian?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sedigheh Ebrahimzadeh* Author Affiliations Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Gilan, Gilan, Iran Received: November 30, 2020 | Published: January 07, 2021 Corresponding author: Sedigheh Ebrahimzadeh, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Gilan, Gilan, Iran DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.33.005338
Pneumonia of stenotrophomonas maltophilia following cardiosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia infected by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sm) after open heart surgery.Methods The infections of Sm were proved by sputum culture.The data of risk factors?clinical feature and drug susceptibility were collected.Results Pneumonia of Sm occurred in 8 patients.They were often in poor conditions,in need of continuous mechanical ventilation and other inventions, and in use of extend-spectrum antibiotics.The infections of Sm hadn't special clinical manifestations. The isolates of Sm resistant to many antibiotics were usually found with other microorganisms.Conclusion It is important to pay more attention to pneumonia of Sm and to complete microbiological examinations in time,because patients after cardiosurgery are in great risk of the infection.
Research on the aerodynamic characteristics of simulated ice-covered aluminum stranded wire under wind tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study studied the aerodynamic characteristics of a wire through wind tunnel experiments. The purpose of simulating icing conditions by wrapping conductors with plastic packaging tape is to evaluate the influence of icing on the aerodynamic characteristics of transmission lines. The tension and aerodynamic coefficients of aluminum-stranded wire and simulated ice-covered aluminum-stranded wire are tested using a wind tunnel. The results indicate that the increase in wind speed causes an increase in tension and drag coefficient. It is also found that icing significantly enhances the aerodynamic effect of the cable. This has guiding significance for the design and maintenance of transmission lines.
[The behaviour of homologous leucocytes in short term cell cultures: the mitogenic potency of granulocytes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Normale menschliche Blutlymphozyten wurden in vitro bis zu 10 Tagen in der Gegenwart von homologen Granulozyten kultiviert. Lymphozytentransformation fand sich vom 2. Tage an bis zum Ende der Beobachtungszeit. Mitosen traten nach dem 4. Tage auf. Die morphologischen Veranderungen der durch Granulozyten stimulierten Lymphozyten gleichen denen, die fur andere zellulare oder losliche Mitogene beschrieben wurden. Granulozyten scheinen Mitomycin C-vorbehandelten Lymphozyten als DNS-Aktivatoren in homologen Kulturen leicht uberlegen zu sein, die morphologischen Veranderungen sind jedoch identisch. Der zeitliche Gipfel der Reaktion liegt — gemessen am Maximum der DNS-Syntheseraten — zwischen dem 5. und 6. Kulturtag. Frische Granulozyten sind gute Mitoseinduktoren. Sie Schemen als rasch desintegrierende Endzellen in „one way“ Lymphozytenmischkulturen Anwendung finden zu konnen.