jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA DAN PENATALAKSANAAN SECARA NON FARMAKOLOGI DI SMK N 1 REMBANG

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Adolescent girls are a vulnerable group to experience anemia, if there are no prevention efforts, awareness among adolescents about the problem of anemia will affect problems in growth and development, both physically and academically. The main cause of anemia is insufficient intake of iron which cannot be obtained without only by taking blood-boosting drugs but this can be done by consuming a variety of foods that fulfill the nutrients containing iron, vitamins to prevent anemia, where teenagers nowadays pay less attention to healthy food intake. The purpose of this community service is to increase the level of student knowledge/ students through education about anemia, knowing the risk factors for anemia in adolescents, knowing the physical characteristics or symptoms and the consequences that arise from anemia and providing education about the treatment of anemia in addition to using pharmacological drugs, one of which is by consuming foods that contain Contains vitamins and iron to increase Hemoglobin levels in the blood. The activity method consists of three, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. This counseling was carried out offline at SMKN 1 Rembang with 40 students. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, it can be concluded that there was an increase in students' knowledge about anemia prevention and non-pharmacological management. increasing knowledge of young women before and after education
BEEKEEPING AND LOCAL SELF-RELIANCE IN RURAL SOUTHERN AFRICA*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Beekeeping has the potential to supplement incomes in rural southern Africa. In light of regional economic constraints, self-reliance strategies that draw on local knowledge and skills take on a renewed importance. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of beekeeping and examine appropriate forms of development support. A short case study from Zimbabwe illustrates these issues.
Who Counts as “People” (narod)? A Reconsideration of vox populi in the First Russian Time of Troubles (Smutnoe vremia)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is intended as a thought experiment on the meaning of the Russian concept narod , generally translated “people,” during the Time of Troubles ( Smutnoe vremia ) of the early seventeenth century. The topic is significant, since in this period the Muscovite politico-religious elite propounded a notion of vox populi as a legitimizing and even decisive force in determining the right course of action for the entire realm. Two closely related concepts, the so-called zemskii sobor (Assembly of the Land) and the idea of Holy Russia or Rus’, have been much debated in historiography. I argue that these historiographic discussions could benefit from more emphasis on the fundamental linguistic concepts of the time, as distinct from the later conceptualizations of historians. The present reconsideration of the meaning of narod , or who was included within notions of “the people,” suggests that language as much as anything else played a role in the dramatic historical shifts that have shaped Russian culture to this day.
Will Artificial Intelligence supersede Earth System and Climate Models?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We outline a perspective of an entirely new research branch in Earth and climate sciences, where deep neural networks and Earth system models are dismantled as individual methodological approaches and reassembled as learning, self-validating, and interpretable Earth system model-network hybrids. Following this path, we coin the term "Neural Earth System Modelling" (NESYM) and highlight the necessity of a transdisciplinary discussion platform, bringing together Earth and climate scientists, big data analysts, and AI experts. We examine the concurrent potential and pitfalls of Neural Earth System Modelling and discuss the open question whether artificial intelligence will not only infuse Earth system modelling, but ultimately render them obsolete.
The Role of the Food and Drug Administration in Regulating Drug Advertising

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr. Simmons presents some of the problems and reactions within the FDA's Division of Drug Advertising regarding drug promotional activities. These include consumer labelling of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, the issue of monitoring the activities of drug detail men and reviewing advertising claims and campaigns. One of the problems in monitoring drug advertising is due to the division of responsibility between the FDA and FTC. Outlining their distinct functions, it is pointed out that more and more these two agencies are collaborating to bring some measure of unity and decisive action in this area. While drug advertising appears to have a profound effect upon the increased use of drugs, particularly psychotropic agents within our society, research is needed to substantiate this hypothesis.
HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN OF DYNAMIC VISUAL AND AUDIO DISPLAYS FOR METROPOLITAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT. VOL.3--HIGHWAY ADVISORY RADIO

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study was concerned with the development of recommendations for the design of dynamic visual displays (Changeable Message Signs) and auditory displays (Highway Advisory Radio) for use in managing traffic in metropolitan areas. This volume presents the results and recommendations of in-situ and field studies aimed at validating findings from previous HAR laboratory studies. Specific areas investigated were as follows: (1) Language style; (2) Information load (message length and number of components); (3) Redundancy; (4) Description of alternate routes; and (5) Advance road sign for radio tuning. In-situ studies were conducted in San Antonio, Texas using 6-, 8-, and 10-unit diversion routes. Field studies were conducted in New Braunfels, Texas during the annual Wurstfest Festival. The event attracts people from several cities in Texas. An HAR system was used to divert Wurstfest traffic to a less congested route. This volume is the third in a series. The others in the series are: Volume 1-FHWA/RD-81/039 Summary Report; and Volume 2-FHWA/RD-81/040 Dynamic Visual Displays. (FHWA)
A Tri-training Based Transfer Learning Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The lack of labeled training data is a common issue in many machine learning applications. Semi-supervised learning addresses this issue by self-labeling unlabelled examples. Transfer learning tackles it from a different way: borrow labeled examples from a different but related domain (source domain) by assigning weights to those examples based on their suitability on the new domain (target domain). However, it is quite challenging to figure out the suitability. In this paper, we propose a different way for utilizing the labeled examples from source domain. That is, we use them only for labelling the unlabelled examples in the target domain. In this self-labelling, we use the idea of Tri-training. We call our new algorithm: TriTransfer. In TriTransfer, three initial classifiers are generated from the source data and the originally labeled data in the target domain, and an unlabeled example is labeled and added to the labeled data for a classifier if other two classifiers agree on its label. After an expanded labeled data set is obtained, we re-train the classifier. We repeat this process until no more change can be made. At the end, the final classifier, which is a weighted combination of the three classifiers, is output. We conduct an extensive empirical study on 34 UCI datasets, which shows that TriTransfer performs better than the state-of-art algorithms Transfer Boost, Tritraining, and NaiveBayes.
The impact of employment changes on poverty in 2020

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This report is concerned with the impact of future changes in employment structures and pay patterns on income inequality and poverty. Using the latest Working Futures projections of employment, together with data from the Family Resources Survey, this report considers the implications for poverty and inequality of a range of possible changes to the structure of employment and pay. The effects of these changes on the distribution of personal and household income are simulated and there is a detailed exploration of the links between the changes in the labour market and their implications for inequality and poverty. The report findings suggest that: relative poverty and inequality are set to rise by 2020 as a result of changes to the structure of employment and future changes in the tax and benefit system; absolute poverty is likely to be affected very little by those changes; and to mitigate increases in poverty and inequality, a very precise and targeted approach to policy, focusing on households in poverty, will be required.
The toroidal curvatures of interplanetary coronal mass ejection flux ropes from multi-point observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), characterized by their magnetic flux ropes, could potentially trigger geomagnetic disturbances. They have been attracting extensive investigations for decades. Despite numerous ICME models proposed in the past, few account for the curvature of the flux rope axis. In this study, we use conjunction observations from ACE, STEREO A and B, Juno and Solar Orbiter to analyze the evolution of the rope orientation of ICME flux ropes. Our findings indicate that the orientation of these ropes changes independently of the scale of the ropes or the distance they travel between spacecrafts. Furthermore, we estimate and compare the major radii of these flux ropes, uncovering a diverse range of distributions that do not seem to depend on the flux rope’s width. These results provide fresh insights and constraints for global ICME models, thereby contributing to the advancement of space weather research.
APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC MACROECONOMIC MODEL FOR LONG-TERM DISASTER PREVENTION PLANNING

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

本研究では,災害の不確実性と影響の長期性,および,国の防災技術水準を考慮したうえで,長期的な防災投資計画を分析することができる動学的確率的マクロ経済モデルを構築した.本モデルを用いた分析により,災害リスク存在下における,生産資本ストックと防災資本ストックの最適水準の動的経路が示された.さらに,災害被害額の規模や経済水準の規模が最適な防災投資水準に影響すること,災害被災後の復興計画と防災計画に対する示唆など,災害リスク下におけるマクロ経済的な投資政策に関する示唆を得ることができた.
Input-adaptive linear mixed-effects model for estimating alveolar Lung Deposited Surface Area (LDSA) using multipollutant datasets

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Lung deposited surface area (LDSA) has been considered to be a better metric to explain nanoparticle toxicity instead of the commonly used particulate mass concentration. LDSA concentrations can be obtained either by direct measurements or by calculation based on the empirical lung deposition model and measurements of particle size distribution. However, the LDSA or size distribution measurements are neither compulsory nor regulated by the government. As a result, LDSA data are often scarce spatially and temporally. In light of this, we develop a novel statistical model, named input-adaptive mixed-effects (IAME) model, to estimate LDSA based on other already existing measurements of air pollutant variables and meteorological conditions. During the measurement period in 2017–2018, we retrieved LDSA data measured by Pegasor AQ Urban and other variables at a street canyon (SC, average LDSA = 19.7 ± 11.3 μm2 cm−3) site and an urban background (UB, average LDSA = 11.2 ± 7.1 μm2 cm−3) site in Helsinki, Finland. For the continuous estimation of LDSA, IAME model is automatised to select the best combination of input variables, including a maximum of three fixed effect variables and three time indictors as random effect variables. Altogether, 696 sub-models were generated and ranked by the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and centred root-mean-square differences (cRMSD) in order. At the SC site, the LDSA concentrations were best estimated by mass concentration of particle of diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), total particle number concentration (PNC) and black carbon (BC), all of which are closely connected with the vehicular emissions. At the UB site the LDSA concentrations were found to be correlated with PM2.5, BC and carbon monoxide (CO). The accuracy of the overall model was better at the SC site (R2 = 0.80, MAE = 3.7 μm2 cm−3) than at the UB site (R2 = 0.77, MAE = 2.3 μm2 cm−3) plausibly because the LDSA source was more tightly controlled by the close-by vehicular emission source. The results also demonstrate that the additional adjustment by taking random effects into account improves the sensitivity and the accuracy of the fixed effect model. Due to its adaptive input selection and inclusion of random effects, IAME could fill up missing data or even serve as a network of virtual sensors to complement the measurements at reference stations.
Some Properties of Granule-bound Starch Synthase in Suspension-cultured Soybean Cells

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Some Properties of Granule-bound Starch Synthase in Suspension-cultured Soybean Cells Get access Jin Miyamoto, Jin Miyamoto Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Fuculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takeko Ishigami, Takeko Ishigami Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Fuculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahisa Hayashi, Takahisa Hayashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Fuculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tasuku Nakajima, Tasuku Nakajima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Fuculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai 980, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eiji Ichishima, Eiji Ichishima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Fuculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Matsuda Kazuo Matsuda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Fuculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai 980, Japan Professor emeritus, Present address: Iwaki-Meisei University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 970, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 7, 1 July 1989, Pages 1987–1989, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869570 Published: 01 July 1989 Article history Received: 09 January 1989 Published: 01 July 1989
Passive Sampling and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Profiling of French Coastal Areas with a Focus on Marine Biotoxins

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Passive samplers (solid phase adsorption toxin tracking: SPATT) are able to accumulate biotoxins produced by microalgae directly from seawater, thus providing useful information for monitoring of the marine environment. SPATTs containing 0.3, 3, and 10 g of resin were deployed at four different coastal areas in France and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Quantitative targeted screening provided insights into toxin profiles and showed that toxin concentrations and profiles in SPATTs were dependent on the amount of resin used. Between the three amounts of resin tested, SPATTs containing 3 g of resin appeared to be the best compromise, which is consistent with the use of 3 g of resin in SPATTs by previous studies. MassHunter and Mass Profiler Professional softwares were used for data reprocessing and statistical analyses. A differential profiling approach was developed to investigate and compare the overall chemical diversity of dissolved substances in different coastal water bodies. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for spatial differentiation between areas. Similarly, SPATTs retrieved from the same location at early, medium, and late deployment periods were also differentiated by PCA, reflecting seasonal variations in chemical profiles and in the microalgal community. This study used an untargeted metabolomic approach for spatial and temporal differentiation of marine environmental chemical profiles using SPATTs, and we propose this approach as a step forward in the discovery of chemical markers of short- or long-term changes in the microbial community structure.
Introduction to thePRIMUSSpecial Issue on Mathematics and the Arts in the Undergraduate Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this editorial introduction to the Special Issue on Mathematics and the Arts in the Undergraduate Classroom, we explore how the explosion of interest in connections between math and the arts over the past several years has moved into the classroom. We describe papers in this special issue that report on a range of classroom experiences combining math and the arts in ways that enhance student learning and expand student appreciation of both mathematical and artistic ways of thinking.
Labour Market Responses to Immigration: Evidence from Internal Migration Driven by Weather Shocks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study the labour market impact of internal migration in Indonesia by instrumenting migrant flows with rainfall shocks at the origin area. Estimates reveal that a one percentage point increase in the share of migrants decreases income by 0.97% and reduces employment by 0.24 percentage points. These effects are different across sectors: employment reductions are concentrated in the formal sector, while income reduction occurs in the informal sector. Negative consequences are most pronounced for low‐skilled natives, even though migrants are systematically highly skilled. We suggest that the two‐sector nature of the labour market may explain this pattern.
Short Duration Sporadic E and Discrete Auroral Events.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The relationship that exists between the occurrence of sporadic E and the incidence of visual aurora is utilized as the basis for the determination of the lifetimes of discrete auroral events in the range of or = 15 minutes from measurements of durations of sporadic E ionization. Intercomparisons of optical and ionosonde data from aircraft and ground-based installations are presented. (Author)
Barrier Coating of Flexible Substrates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the presented project a new coating plant for large area microwave (2.45 GHz) excited low pressure plasma coating with substrate bias has been designed, which allows the coating of foils up to a size of 300 * 300 mm2. The objective of the research work is to characterize the effects of the process parameters on the properties of plasma-polymerised coatings, particularly regarding their behaviour under strain. Investigations are carried out using a microwave plasma source and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as substrate material. As layer forming monomers for plasma polymer barrier coating of the substrates are used.
Relationships between the sensory characteristics, neutral volatile composition and gross composition of ten cheese varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Relationships between the odour, flavour and texture sensory attributes and the neutral\nvolatile composition and gross composition of ten varieties of cheese were determined. Sensory evaluation\nwas carried out by fifteen trained assessors who used a vocabulary of nine odour, twenty-one\nflavour and ten texture terms. Volatile compounds were isolated in a bench top purge and trap model\nsystem, trapped on Tenax-TAand analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.\nGross composition was measured using standard methods. Results of Principal Components\nAnalysis on the sensory data showed that the first seven Principal Components significantly discriminated\nbetween cheeses and accounted for 86% of the variation. Partial Least Squares regression was\nused to determine the relationship between significant sensory attributes and thirty identified volatile\ncompounds and the gross compositional data. Six odour and eleven flavour attributes were positively\ncorrelated with subsets of volatile compounds and gross compositional data. Seven texture attributes\nwere shown to be correlated to subsets of gross compositional measurements. Overall, the present\nstudy illustrated that individual cheese flavour and texture attributes are the result of complex interactions\nof specific volatile compounds and compositional variables.
A scale-space tracing algorithm for analysis of tumour blood vessel morphology from transmitted light optical images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background Limited contrast in optical images is problematic for analysing tumour vascular morphology. We describe an algorithm for segmenting tumour vasculature in transmitted light optical images, without the need for contrast enhancement. Effects of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and -2 (Ang-2) ± treatment with the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A4P (CA4P) were investigated. Method SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma cells were transfected with Ang-1 or Ang-2 cDNA, or with empty vector and implanted into ‘window’ chamber-bearing mice. Transmitted light images of tumours (x10 objective) were acquired before and up to 24h after treatment with 30 mg/kg CA4P or saline. Vessel tracing used a scale-space approach, employing differences in intensity of transmitted light between the vessels and surrounding tissues, as well as differences in the chromatic components, hue and saturation. The centreline of vessels was detected as a “ridge” in a topographical analogy and successive levels of filtering provided different scales to detect sharp to diffuse ridges. Morphological parameters were measured from the traced images - average vessel length (AL) width (AW), and relative vascular area (RA). Results The algorithm successfully identified the majority of tumour microvessels. CA4P-treated tumours showed a decrease in RA and increase in saturation balance up to 1-3h, with recovery by 24h. Saline had no effect. Ang-2 over-expressing tumours had lower values of AL, AW and RA than Ang-1 and wild-type (WT) tumours. Ang-1 tumours were similar to the WT except that AL was longer.