jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cooperation of Manufacturing Companies with Business-to-Business Stakeholders in Poland in the Field of Circular Activities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to identify areas and forms of cooperation between manufacturing companies and their business-to-business (B2B) stakeholders in CE. The paper includes a theoretical part (the literature review) and an empirical part (a survey of 200 manufacturing enterprises in Poland, in 2024). The study found that (1) companies that declared the inclusion of CE in their business strategy were statistically more likely to declare cooperation in the scopes analysed; (2) cooperation of business partners in one area intensifies and encourages action in other areas, increasing the chances of achieving jointly agreed goals; and (3) the implementation of CE in companies requires appropriate management of B2B relationship capital, which is a strong catalyst for the development of innovation in supply chains. Involving suppliers in the co-creation of CE innovations through partnerships in different areas has a positive impact on the value and competitive advantage of these actors. In Poland, there are publications available on the general condition of the SME sector and studies on the principles and examples of CE implementation—including in the SME sector—but there is a lack of targeted studies and reports on the activities of these entities in the field of CE—the proposed study fills this research gap.
Characterization of a novel immunocytolytic factor secreted by pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We observed a putative immunocytolytic factor secreted in the supernatant of several pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines that induces apoptosis in lymphocytes. A marked reduction in the viability of the target splenocytes was evident after coincubation with the supernatants from various pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (human, hamster, and murine). The immunocytolytic effect was not evident with the conditioned media of normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells or other nonpancreatic tumor cells. Biologic activity of the supernatants was determined to be heat sensitive and reside in a 30- to 50-kDa range. Immune and functional assays have excluded known immunosuppressive factors.
Syringomyelic Neuropathic Arthropathy of the Elbow.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuropathic Arthropathy or Charcot joint is a progressive, destructive arthritis that is associated with an underlying neurological disorder. We present a case of a 30 year-old male who, three years prior, had ruptured his right distal biceps tendon with subsequent development of a deep infection. At representation, the patient's clinical picture was consistent with the re-emergence of a deep elbow infection. Laboratory testing found no evidence of infection. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the patient's spine revealed a syringomyelia and a NA was diagnosed. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of a unique presentation of a rare clinical condition in the early stages of the disease. Neuropathic Arthropathy (NA) is a rare disorder which typically affects the joints of the lower limb. Involvement of the upper limb is uncommon. Among patients with NA, the elbow joint is thought to be affected in only 3% of cases. NA of the elbow as a presenting symptom of syringomyelia is extremely rare. We describe a unique case of NA of the right elbow preceded by a septic arthritis of the same joint. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness of an uncommon pathology in its early stages where outcomes may be influenced by early diagnosis and management.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Features of COVID-19 in a Cohort of Patients: Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of COVID-19 disease are variable. Multiple factors can affect the disease progression and outcome.This study aimed to analyze the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of COVID-19 in Jordan.Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected for 557 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to Prince Hamzah Hospital (PHH), Jordan. Analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests with SPSS version 24.Of the 557 COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases admitted to PHH, the mean age was 34.4 years (SD 18.95 years; range 5 weeks to 87 years), 86.0% (479/557) were male, 41% (29/70) were blood group A+, and 57.1% (93/163) were overweight or obese. Significant past medical history was documented in 25.9% (144/557), significant surgical history in 12.6% (70/557), current smoking in 14.9% (83/557), and pregnancy in 0.5% (3/557). The mean duration of hospitalization was 16.4 (SD 9.3; range 5 to 70) days; 52.6% (293/557) were asymptomatic, and 12.9% (72/557) had more than 5 symptoms, with generalized malaise and dry cough the most common symptoms. Only 2.5% (14/557) had a respiratory rate over 25 breaths/minute, and 1.8% (10/557) had an oxygen saturation below 85%. Laboratory investigations showed a wide range of abnormalities, with lymphocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and D-dimer the most common abnormalities. Ground glass opacity was the most common imaging finding. Men had a significantly higher frequency of symptoms, incidence of smoking, reduced hemoglobin, increased monocyte %, elevated creatinine levels, and intensive care unit admissions compared with women (P<.05). Hospitalization duration was associated with increased age, male gender, symptom score, history of smoking, elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated respiratory rate, and elevated monocyte %, CRP, ESR, creatinine, and D-dimer (P<.05).Most COVID-19 cases admitted to PHH were asymptomatic. Variabilities in symptoms, signs, laboratory results, and imaging findings should be noted. Increased age, male gender, smoking history, and elevated inflammatory markers were significantly associated with longer duration of hospitalization.
Mechanics of Interaction between Cell Membrane and a Rigid Substrate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cells can response to various environmental stimuli, including chemicals, light, gravity, stiffness etc. Recent studies have showed that cells are sensitive to local substrate features like grooves, ridges and wells. Cell-substrate interaction is the gateway for the cell to feel the environmental stimuli, especially mechanical ones. However, the nature of how cells detect and respond to external topographic features is still unclear. In this paper, we presented a FEA based computational model for cell-substrate interactions. The cell-substrate adhesion is achieved by the forming of receptor-ligand bonds. Cell crawling and adhesion are studied with this model. We modeled a single cell's adhesion on rectangular and v-shaped rigid groove substrates. We found out that cell adhesion zone length is dependent on the groove height. The relationship between groove width and critical groove adhesion height is obtained on rectangular groove surface, and we also develop a theory to predict the critical adhesion height for a given groove width. On v-shaped groove substrates, we obtained the relationship of aspect ratio with groove height. We gained some insights about how cell adhesion can detect and respond to groove features through its mechanical interaction.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common pediatric problem. It is a problem that may mimic many other conditions and the severity varies from inconsequential to life threatening. The challenge to the physician is to recognize the possibility of its occurrence and to proceed with history, physical examination, and testing to the extent that other conditions are excluded, giving consideration to the severity of the problem. The physician may employ many therapeutic modalities including surgery, while taking into consideration the type and severity of the patient's symptoms.
THE EFFECTS OF FORKHEAD BOX P2 GENE ON LANGUAGE FUNCTIONAL ARTICULATION DISORDER

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study mainly concentrates on the discussion of the relationship between FOXP2 gene and language functional articulation disorder. The children of functional articulation disorder are selected, the normal healthy subjects in the corresponding period served as the controls, by contrasting with five polymorphic sites in FOXP2 gene to have a correlative study on human genes and language acquisition with the language barriers as main characteristics, in order to further prove the significance of FOXP2 gene in cultivating language and speech.
The Changing Regulation of Autophagy in Atherosclerosis in ApoE Gene Knockout Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To investage the changes of autophagy in different stages of atherosclerosis (AS) in Apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods 6-weeks-old male ApoE-/- mice (No.=40) were randomly divided into two groups and fed with common adaptability diet for 2 weeks. The mice of the control group (No.=10) received a sham operation and the common diet for another 8 weeks. While the model mice (No.=30) received a right common carotid artery cannulation and randomly subdivided into three groups (the 2 weeks, the 4 weeks and the 8 weeks) and fed with the high fat diet separately for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The blood samples obtained from femoral arteries were studied via the biochemical analysis. The right common carotid arteries were split out for histopathological study. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the western blot were used to detect the relative expression levels of mRNA and protein about mTOR. Results As the operation time prolonged the lipid levels especially TG and LDL_c were time relative increased. The histopathological analysis results showed that there was a small amount of cells infiltrated in the common carotid artery in the 2 weeks, although the wall was still unspoiled. The vascular wall in the 4 weeks was messy and there was thrombus in the vascular lumen. The thickness of the right common carotid artery in the 8 weeks was higher than others and its elastic membranes significantly decreased. The qRT-PCR and western blot detection suggested the mRNA and protein expression of mTOR in the 4 weeks was higher than the 2 weeks and the 8 weeks, and the expression in the 8 weeks was also higher than those in the 2 weeks. Conclusions Autophagy was continuously stimulated during AS formation,however, the levels of autophagy will decrease after reaching the peak at a time.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V52016101146 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1146
Adding AI Technology to Second Chance Schools in Greece

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the potential benefits of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology into Second Chance Schools in Greece. These schools play a crucial role in providing education and support to individuals who have faced challenges in traditional educational settings. Integrating AI aims to enhance the effectiveness of these schools in addressing the diverse needs of their students. The primary objectives of incorporating AI into Second Chance Schools include personalized learning, adaptive assessment, and efficient resource allocation. AI algorithms can analyze individual learning patterns and preferences, creating customized learning experiences tailored to each student's unique needs. Adaptive assessment tools can provide real-time feedback, enabling educators to identify areas for improvement and tailor interventions accordingly. Furthermore, AI technology can facilitate efficient resource allocation by automating administrative tasks, allowing educators to focus more on personalized interactions with students. Virtual tutors and intelligent educational assistants can supplement teachers' efforts, providing additional support to students who may require extra assistance. This paper also discusses the potential challenges and ethical considerations associated with integrating AI in Second Chance Schools, emphasizing the importance of responsible AI implementation. Additionally, it explores the role of teacher training and ongoing professional development to ensure educators are equipped to leverage AI tools effectively. In conclusion, integrating AI technology in Second Chance Schools has the potential to revolutionize education delivery and support systems for individuals facing educational challenges in Greece. By harnessing the power of AI, these schools can create a more inclusive and personalized learning environment, ultimately increasing the chances of success for students seeking a second chance at education.
Experimental analysis of human lumbar vertebrae during prolonged distance driving

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Back pain is commonly associated with a heavy driving or a person driving for a very long period. Inexpensive vehicles have a low system of absorbers such that the person behind the wheel and the passenger will experience pain in their back. This is mainly caused by several factors, such as the condition of the road, the performance of the absorber system of the vehicle and also the condition of the person inside the vehicle itself. This paper will discuss the factor that can be prevented and optimized to reduce whole-body vibration that might lead to fatigue.
The Structure of the Ribosome with Elongation Factor G Trapped in the Posttranslocational State

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ribosomes Caught in Translation To synthesize proteins, the ribosome must select cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs) based on base-pairing with the messenger RNA (mRNA) template (a process known as decoding), form a peptide bond, and then move the mRNA:tRNA assembly relative to the ribosome (a process known as translocation). Decoding and translocation require protein guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), and, while high-resolution structures of the ribosome have greatly furthered our understanding of ribosome function, the detailed mechanism of these GTPases during the elongation cycle remains unclear. Two Research Articles now give a clearer view of these steps in bacterial protein synthesis (see the Perspective by Liljas ). Schmeing et al. (p. 688 , published online 15 October) present the crystal structure of the ribosome bound to Elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) and amino-acyl tRNA that gives insight into how EF-Tu contributes to accurate decoding. Gao et al. (p. 694 , published online 15 October) describe the crystal structure of the ribosome bound to Elongation factor-G (EF-G) trapped in a posttranslocation state by the antibiotic fusidic acid that gives insight into how EF-G functions in translocation.
Lipase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Cyclohexanone To Form ε-Caprolactone and Kinetic Modeling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The chemoenzymatic conversion of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone (1.25 M) mediated by immobilized lipase from T. laibacchi was successfully achieved with a yield of 98.6%, which is much higher than that in previous studies. A proposed kinetic model consisting of two enzymatic reactions catalyzed by the lipase and one chemical reaction was developed, which fitted the experimental data very well. It was concluded that the enzymatic oxidation of ethyl acetate using urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) to generate in situ peracetic acid mediated by the lipase may follow an irreversible ping-pong three–four mechanism with substrate inhibitions, which is proposed herein for the first time. Also, the oxidation of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone by peracetic acid in a chemical fashion may follow a power law. Finally, the reaction of formed acetic acid with UHP to form peracetic acid catalyzed by the lipase may follow an irreversible ping-pong Bi–Bi mechanism with substrate inhibitions. Reaction kinetic data reveal that UHP and acetic acid might have strong substrate inhibition, while peracetic acid might have no product inhibition. Results of enzyme stability test suggest that it is reasonable to adopt a simple exponential equation as the inactivation model of the lipase. The effect of Michaelis–Menten interaction on the reaction rate could be neglected due to the strong substrate inhibition, which makes the constant similar to Michaelis–Menten zero. The yield of in situ polymerization was significantly increased from 61.3% to 92.4% under the optimum conditions obtained in this study.
Mark Twain's Serious Humor and That Peculiar Institution: Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to Manuel Davenport, "The best humorists--Mark Twain, Will Rogers, Bob Hope, and Mort Sahl--share [a] mixture of detachment and desire, eagerness to believe, and irreverence concerning the possibility of certainty. And when they become serious about their convictions--as Twain did about colonialism…they cease to be humorous". I agree with the first part, but not the second. Humor does require disengagement, but not completely such that one has no emotional interest in the subject of the humor. Humor does require some degree of commitment to value, but, as Davenport rightly notes, it "despairs of absolutes." Following Bertrand Russell, "humorous" and "serious" are not antonyms. Davenport does not provide examples of Twain's attempts at satire that fail to be humorous due to being serious. I will examine some of the very serious issues Twain addresses through irony and humor, and make the case that his commentary and argument, though serious, is still funny while not falling into frivolity. "What gets us into trouble is not what we don't know; it's what we know for sure that just ain't so." Complacency, self-satisfaction, disinclination to self-monitoring, all lead to closed mode, or rather, to sustaining a serious mode which can spill over into a "spirit of seriousness" if not checked. This feeling or attitude, the "spirit of seriousness", is what Twain confronts with serious humor, motivating his readers to consider where their ideals and reality contradict.
EQUAL CULPABILITY AND THE SCOPE OF THE WILLFUL IGNORANCE DOCTRINE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Courts commonly allow willful ignorance to satisfy the knowledge element of a crime. The traditional rationale for this doctrine is that willfully ignorant misconduct is just as culpable as knowing misconduct. But it is not obvious that this “equal culpability thesis” holds across the board. Is it true in all cases of willful ignorance or only some? This is the question I investigate here. Specifically, I argue against several common versions of the equal culpability thesis before defending my own restricted version. First, I argue that the broadest version of the thesis, adopted by many courts, is overinclusive. Then I argue against several restricted versions of the thesis offered by legal theorists including Doug Husak, David Luban, and Deborah Hellman. My own account, by contrast, is premised on a duty of reasonable investigation. If my account is on the right track, the widely employed willful ignorance doctrine stands in need of reform.
Pearl Millet glaucum IP 26255

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Pearl Millet glaucum
Common name(s): Pennisetum
Conserved by: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: IP 26255
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2020-03-27
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Predictors and reasons for starting and sustaining quit attempts in a national cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction and Aims The national prevalence of daily smoking among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population is 39% but falling. We explore factors associated with starting and sustaining quit attempts, and reasons given for quitting. Design and Methods We analysed data from the nationally representative quota sample of 759 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults who reported smoking at least weekly in the Talking About The Smokes baseline survey (April 2012–October 2013) who completed a follow‐up survey a year later (August 2013–August 2014). Results Having made more quit attempts, more recent quit attempts in the past, motivational attitudes, having been encouraged to quit by a health professional and having noticed tobacco advertising were associated with making a quit attempt between surveys. Having made longer quit attempts in the past, non‐daily smoking and quit self‐efficacy were associated with sustaining abstinence. But neither having made more quit attempts in the past nor dependence was associated with sustaining abstinence. Health concerns, price and setting an example to children were the most common reasons given by smokers and ex‐smokers for quitting. Discussion and Conclusions Different factors predict making and sustaining quit attempts among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers. We need to rethink current messages that just encourage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers to keep making quit attempts by increasing motivation to quit, as motivation and making more quit attempts does not predict eventual success. We could focus more on increasing smokers’ confidence that they can successfully quit.
Gateway-based Interoperability for Distributed Ledger Technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) to manage data in a decentralised way. During the last years, interoperability has become one of the main challenges within blockchain research as blockchains increasingly require integration between each other. Indeed, blockchains work by design in silos of information as interoperability is not a native feature. The main efforts in the field are focused on blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. However, interoperability in DLT remains as an almost untouched area of work as they introduce additional requirements focusing on privacy and identity. Although there are some interoperability solutions for DLT, they are either high-level design proposals not providing concrete implementations or focus on interoperability issues between business applications and blockchain platforms. In this paper we propose a gateway-based platform-to-platform interoperability solution for DLT, which comprises a detailed solution design and a reference implementation. The proposal was assessed through the development of a social security case scenario and the evaluation through two interoperability frameworks. A reference implementation was built using two DLT: Hyperledger Fabric and Corda. The experimental results shows that it is possible to achieve technical interoperability between two heterogeneous DLT platforms using a gateway-based interoperability solution, relaxing decentralisation, data privacy, identity and authorisation management properties.
Open Knee: A Pathway to Community Driven Modeling and Simulation in Joint Biomechanics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computational modeling and simulation (M&S) in biomechanics is extending its reach from research environments towards translational applications. In particular to the knee joint, finite element (FE) analysis has significant utility to understand joint and tissue function, explore pathological conditions and injury mechanisms, and investigate surgical interventions and implant performance [1]. Unfortunately, while FE models of joints, in particular of the knee, are ubiquitous in literature [1], they are not necessarily available publicly for the community to reuse and further develop. In response, Open Knee project, for FE analysis of the tibiofemoral joint, was launched [2].