jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancerogenesis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastric cancer (GS) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. It is considered as the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, although much geographical variation in incidence exists. Many studies before linked Helicobacter pylori (Hp) which is now considered as an important pathogen, to the risk of developing noncardia GS. This overview attempts to summarize the recent basic and clinical evidence on the link between H. pylori and gastric cancer, after the award of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine to Drs. J.R. Warren and B.J. Marshall for the first culture and isolation of Hp and the investigation of their relevance to peptic ulcer disease. It become evident that Hp eradication by antibiotic treatment combined with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) serves as the primary chemoprevention strategy to reduce gastric cancer incidence. Moreover, the eradication therapy reduces gastric cancer incidence in patients without any precancerous lesions at the baseline and is most effective before the development of atrophic gastritis. Due to understanding the molecular nature of GC which has been nowadays under intense investigation, our review attempts to highlight recent progress in the field of research on Hp-induced GS. We discuss the geographical diversity in Hp infection and cancer incidence and the mechanistic role of gastrin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), growth factor, nitric oxide (NO)/NO synthase and E-cadherin/beta-cathenin systems, apoptosis and angiogenesis in Hp-induced gastric carcinogenesis. In addition host-related genetic susceptibility and the role of overexpression of a proinflammatory cytokines and their polymorphism is discussed in the relation to the cascade of events such as gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia that finally lead to adenocarcinoma.
Clinical AI model translation and deployment: creating a scalable, standardized, and responsible AI lifecycle framework in healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare is a current hot topic, generating tons of excitement and pushing multiple academic medical centers, startups, and large established IT companies to dive into clinical AI model development. However, amongst that excitement, one topic that has lacked direction is how healthcare institutions, from small clinical practices to large health systems, should approach AI model deployment. Unlike typical healthcare IT implementations, AI models have special considerations that must be addressed prior to moving them into clinical practice. This talk will review the major issues surrounding clinical AI implementations and present a scalable, standardized, and responsible framework for AI deployment that can be adopted by many different healthcare organizations, departments, and functional areas.
Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections and implementation of infection prevention and control in acute care hospitals in Mainland China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are major public health threats. The aims of this research were to estimate HAI prevalence, AMR incidence, as well as to assess adoption and implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) in Mainland China. In 2015, the pooled HAIs prevalence of all hospitals in Dongguan was 2.9%. Between 2006 and 2016, the weighted HAI prevalence in Mainland China, as identified in the systematic review, was 3.1%. Incidence proportion of AMR in Dongguan was lower than average incidence proportion in mainland China. Most of the ECDC key and WHO core components were reported to be implemented by acute care hospitals in China, but significant gaps in effective IPC were identified. This is the first multilevel research on HAI and AMR in the context of implementing key elements for effective IPC. These outcomes serve as a reference for future IPC strategies in Mainland China.
Two chromatographic Methods for the Determination of some Antimigraine Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two stability indicating chromatographic methods were proposed for the determination of almotriptan, eletriptan, and rizatriptan, in presence of their acid degradation products. The first method is a quantitative densitometric thin layer chromatography. The developing systems were; acetonitrile: methanol: dichloromethane: ammonia (10:6:3:1 v/v), ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (15:4:1 v/v), and methanol: acetonitrile: ammonia (9:4:1 v/v) for almotriptan, eletriptan and rizatriptan respectively. The TLC plates were scanned at 235 nm. Linear relationships were obtained over concentration ranges (5-50 μg/spot) for almotriptan and rizatriptan, and (5-60 μg/spot) for eletriptan. The second method based on the separation and determination of the studied drugs, using RP-HPLC technique. The separation was achieved on C18 Hypersil column, elution was carried out using phosphate buffer pH 3: methanol: acetonitrile (2: 1:1 v/v) at flow rate 2 mL/min and UV detection at 235 nm. Linear relationships were obtained over concentration ranges (10-200 μg/mL) for almotriptan and eletriptan, and (10-180 μg/mL) for rizatriptan. The chromatographic methods were successfully applied for the determination of each of the studied drugs in pure form, tablet form, and in laboratory prepared mixtures with their acid degradation products.
Managing adverse events of sacituzumab govitecan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hematologic toxicities are frequently observed with SG therapy. Neutropenia, reported in up to 72% of cases, often requires dose reductions or delays. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can be helpful in managing and preventing this toxicity. Anemia is another common toxicity and patients may require transfusions of packed red blood cells. Gastrointestinal toxicities are also common. A tailored regimen of prophylactic antiemetics (2-3 agents) should be initiated before SG infusion. For diarrhea, infectious workup should be considered on a case-by-case basis; patients should start loperamide and fluid/electrolyte replacement if necessary. Severe diarrhea associated with cholinergic syndrome should prompt the administration of atropine. Fatigue occurs in approximately half of the patients receiving SG, and <50% of patients experience complete alopecia during treatment. The approval of SG has significantly improved treatment outcomes; however, effective management of the toxicities is critical to optimize patient care and treatment adherence.
Top 1 Percent Income Shares: Comparing Estimates Using Tax Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many studies have used tax data to measure the U.S. income distribution, but their results vary widely. For example, in 2014 the top 1 percent share of income is 21.5 percent in Piketty and Saez (2003 and updates), 16.7 percent in the Congressional Budget Office (2018), and 13.1 percent in our analysis. What accounts for such large differences? We provide a step-by-step analysis of how methodological differences affect the results and address issues raised in Piketty, Saez, and Zucman (2018, 2019). Important differences include accounting for declining marriage rates, including social insurance and employer benefits, accounting for tax reforms, and including income missing from tax returns.
Sustainability Base Graywater Recycling System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the design history, prototyping, and predictive testing of a graywater recycling system designed for the new NASA Ames green Federal building. The goal of developing this water recycling system is to both reduce the building’s water consumption and provide a laboratory for the long duration testing of a next generation spacecraft water recycling system. The project will also demonstrate the feasibility of recycling graywater inside an office building and will help to define a permitting and monitoring process that can be applied to other sites. The Sustainability Base water recycling system has been designed to treat hygiene water and reuse it as toilet flush water. The technology is based on the integration of forward and reverse osmosis membrane systems. The system is expected to reduce water consumption in the building by about 60%. The graywater treatment system is a larger version of a technology developed by NASA for the treatment of spacecraft wastewater. Operational testing of this system in the Sustainability Base building will provide the long duration performance data which is required to evaluate the technology for future human space flight applications.
Minority carrier properties of single- and polycrystalline silicon films formed by aluminium-induced crystallisation [solar cells]

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The aluminium-induced crystallisation (AlC) of amorphous silicon is a simple low-temperature method for the growth of thin (/spl les/0.5 /spl mu/m), p-type (/spl sim/2/spl times/10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/) single- and polycrystalline Si films on Si wafers and foreign substrates, respectively. While previous work has shown that such Si films can be used as thin emitters of p/sup +/-n Si wafer cells, this paper investigates the minority carrier diffusion length L/sub n/ of AlC-grown Si and thus determines whether these films can be used as absorber layer (i.e. base region) of c-Si solar cells. The AlC-grown Si films are made at 460/spl deg/C on single-crystal n-Si wafers and glass, respectively. By means of current-voltage and quantum efficiency measurements, the authors show that L/sub n/ in their AlC-grown p/sup +/-Si films is only about 100 nm. This is far too low to enable the use of these AlC films as absorber layers in thin-film c-Si solar cells. However, as shown in a companion paper (Harder et al.), these AlC films are excellent seeding layers on glass that can epitaxially be thickened by suitable Si deposition methods.
Search of Chinese ship fails to find chemicals

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSearch of Chinese ship fails to find chemicalsLOIS EMBERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 37, 8Publication Date (Print):September 13, 1993Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 13 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n037.p008https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n037.p008newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Precursors Get e-Alerts
Fast and high-resolution imaging through scattering scenes using single-shot synthetic wavelength holography (Conference Presentation)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Scattering severely limits the visual acuity of an imaging system. This talk discusses how diversity in illumination wavelength can be utilized to circumvent the problem of phase randomization in scattered light fields. Amongst other applications, the introduced method allows for holographic measurements of hidden objects through scattering media or around corners, or for interferometric measurements of macroscopic objects with rough surfaces. This is possible as the technique interrogates the scene at two closely spaced optical wavelengths and computationally assembles a complex "synthetic field" at a "synthetic wave," which is used for further processing. As the synthetic wavelength is the beat wavelength of the two optical wavelengths, it can be picked orders of magnitudes larger, and the computationally assembled synthetic field becomes immune to the deleterious effect of speckle. During the talk, different flavors of the technique will be introduced, including a method to retrieve the complex synthetic field in single-shot.
Thermophone or the future of ultrasound transducers: Modelling of thermoacoustics generation in porous materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electroacoustic transducers along with piezoelectric devices are the most widely used methods for acoustic sound generation in gas and liquids. A mechanical movement of a membrane induces fluid vibration thus creating an acoustic wave. The thermoacoustic process on the other hand uses fast paces temperature variations in a sample to excite the fluid (generally air). The rapidly changing temperature generate a compression expansion of the air and thus creates an acoustical wave. Such materials are called thermophones. They were discovered in the same time period as traditional electroacoustic transducers but their limited efficiency coupled with the technological limits of fabrication prevented scientific craze at the time. In 1999 a new thermophone was presented with a significant improvement compared to the samples used a century prior. This article coupled with the newly found ease of access to complex fabrication process of nanomaterials rekindle the interest in thermoacoustic for audio purposes. In this work a thorough literature review is presented and a novel multilayer model for thermoacoustic sound generation is derived. This model was solved for plane wave, cylindrical wave and spherical wave generation. Another model based on a two temperatures hypothesis for plane wave generation is also solved to represent more accurately the generation of thick porous thermophones. An extensive analysis of those models allowed for a detailed understanding of the thermoacoustic sound generation: its strengths, weaknesses and differences with traditional speakers. Lastly, experimental investigations of porous carbon foams in partnership with CINTRA Singapore are presented. Validation of the models and insights about the handling of such flexible and lightweighted but fragile samples are presented as well at their potential applications for scientific or commercial purposes as broad band sensors.
H‐2 gene products influence susceptibility of target thyroid gland to damage in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The restriction of the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) by H‐2 gene products was investigated. EAT was induced by injecting thyroglobulin extract plus adjuvant into F 1 , hybrid mice that had been implanted under the kidney capsules with thyroid glands originating from either the EAT‐susceptible or ‐resistant parental strain mice. We found relative H‐2 restriction of thyroid damage to those glands originating from the H‐2‐susceptible parental strain. H‐2 restriction of damage at the level of the target thyroid gland implicates cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes as a pathogenic agent of EAT.
What are you looking at?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project’s theme focuses on the link between females and the effects of consumerism. I hope to raise awareness about the effects of the idealisation of female aesthetics on women consumerism through this project. Images were made through digital means by using a digital single-lens reflex camera (SLR) and a computer. The series also include employing the self as a subject to show the consumption of products. Next, a book featuring the pages of various overlaid advertisements was made and twenty one images were successfully selected. Though the images resembled a painting, not much eye movement could be achieved for each image as there was little play with depth of field. Technical details might also be judged against with the choice of using digital manipulation. In conclusion, the Final Year Project has come to an end as a school project but it will prolonged in due time as a personal project.
Sistema de custos municipal: Desafios, obstáculos e percepção no caso do município de vilhena, rondônia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Among the many changes promoted in the accountancy of the public sector, one of the major ones is the implantation of the cost system, but there was not time determined for such an implantation. However, there will be for 2014. Up to the moment, the municipality of Vilhena, State of Rondonia, has not had a cost system. For that reason, this study has as main object to answer the following question: which are the factors that determine the difficulties to the implantation of a cost system in the municipality of Vilhena? Also, specifically, it was sought to analize the perception of administrators and officials on the knowledge of the cost system. The method was a case study in this municipality, field research, and the form, interviews and documental analysis were used. It was utilized data tabulation by comparisons to analyze the answers of the 17 interviews. The data were analyzed by comparison of answers and, also, with descriptive statistics with relative frequency. It was concluded that some factors make it difficult the implantation and development of the cost system, such as lack of knowledge of the administrator, lack of interest in this kind of control, lack of skilled and trained officials (mainly in the area of information technology), lack of studies on the area and of activities planning.
P211 BASHH on Twitter: social media for sexual health: Abstract P211 Table 1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/introduction

Twitter is a free, online social networking service through which users can read and send brief messages of up to 140-characters called “Tweets.” BASHH (@BASHH_UK) currently has 3479 followers on Twitter. These include professionals working in sexual health, sexual health services with their own Twitter accounts and members of the public. Twitter disseminates messages instantly and can influence a wide audience. It can be used to keep health professionals and patients informed about relevant research and headline news. For example, recent Twitter themes have included discussions about PrEP and gonorrhoea resistance. Twitter is also used for sharing practical information such as conference deadlines.

Aim(s)/objectives

To evaluate the reach of BASHH on Twitter by reporting BASHH’s Twitter activity.

Methods

Using Twitter Analytics, data was obtained on the number of Tweets and Tweet Impressions for each of the last 4 months. Tweet Impressions are counted as the number of times each Tweet is seen. The number of visits to BASHH’s Twitter profile, mentions by other Twitter users and number of new followers are also recorded. This is presented below:

Results

Discussion/conclusion

BASHH’s Twitter activity is reaching a large audience and increasing. All individuals working in sexual health and HIV should consider using Twitter to support wider engagement with their professional network.
Extension of weed research outcomes through the Australian cotton industry.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper describes a theoretical approach to extension strategies and the structure of weeds extension for the Australian cotton industry. The approach to be discussed is based on the concept of innovation design by Leeuwis and Van den Ban (2004), that all stakeholders interact to develop solutions to problems. While the cotton extension team currently uses aspects of this approach, this paper describes why a more coordinated approach to solving problems needs to be used. Weeds are a signifi cant problem in the Australian cotton industry as they result in loss of production effi ciency. Technological and agronomic developments in the cotton industry have led to the emergence of other signifi cant issues related to weeds. Weeds can be hosts for soil borne disease and insects. Another emerging issue is the management of glyphosatetolerant cotton varieties when they become weeds in following crops. The Australian cotton industry has invested a considerable amount of money to research weed problems and to develop integrated weed management strategies for the cotton production system. These research outcomes will only be effective if adopted by growers. The processes for successful adoption of this research present real challenges for all sectors of industry – not just for extension personnel. The key to the management and adoption of these research outcomes is cooperation between cotton growers, and research and extension staff in the Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre (CRC). The CRC ethic is to have collaboration, communication and cooperation between all researchers, extension offi cers and industry stakeholders. Extension staff in the Australian cotton industry use various methods of technology transfer and group facilitation to achieve the goals of sustainable cotton production. An improved understanding of extension techniques will provide improved effectiveness of personnel employed and resources available.
Semantic Integration of Software Systems in Translational Clinical Trials.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The translational research enterprise requires bi-directional sharing of data, knowledge, and information between researchers in the biosciences and those in clinical disciplines. Informatics efforts in translational research have focused largely on developing automated methods to correlate the results of genomics, proteomics, or mechanistic assay studies with available data on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Often, the latter set of measures involves crude categories, such as ‘cancer ’ or ‘no cancer,’ because further details about a patient’s health or performed interventions are lacking. Such limitations create problems of specificity for findings in translational research. There are recent efforts to gather clinical information through standardized Electronic Medical Record representations that include genetics and genomics
Part VIII. Future directions for GARP

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Underlying the creation of the Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP) as a global alliance was the recognition that antibiotic resistance is a global problem, that some of the tools needed to understand and manage it could be shared globally, but that actions to control it and to ensure access to antibiotics when they are needed must take place at the national level. South Africa is fortunate in having a well-developed cadre of health care professionals already addressing antibiotic use, evident from the wealth of programmes and information included in this report but, even so, resistance is a growing problem. In countries that lack a strong medical system, the challenges are even greater.