jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Risk Aversion Dispatching Optimal Model for a Micro Energy Grid Integrating Intermittent Renewable Energy and Considering Carbon Emissions and Demand Response

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on an optimal schedule for a micro energy grid considering the maximum total carbon emission allowance (MTEA). Firstly, the paper builds an energy devices operation model and demand response (DR) model. Secondly, to maximize the economical operation revenue, the basic scheduling model for the micro energy grid is constructed. Thirdly, the conditional value at risk method and robust stochastic theory are introduced to describe the uncertainty of wind power, photovoltaic power, and load, and a risk aversion model is proposed. Finally, this paper selects the Xinxiang active distribution network demonstration project in Jining, China as an example. The results show that: (1) a micro energy grid can make the most use of the complementary characters of different energy sources to meet different energy demands for electricity, heat, cold, and gas; (2) the risk aversion scheduling model can represent the influence of uncertainty variables in objective functions and constraints, and provide a basis for decision makers who have different attitudes; and (3) DR can smooth the energy load curves. MTEA can enhance the competitiveness of the clean energy market, thus promoting the grid-connected generation of clean energy. Therefore, the risk aversion model can maximize the economic benefits and provide a basis for decision makers while rationally controlling risks.
A New VSS-LMS Adaptive Filtering Algorithm and Its Application in Adaptive Noise Jamming Cancellation System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new variable-step-size LMS algorithm is proposed, and it performance is analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the performance is superior to that of existing VSS algorithm and NLMS algorithm. The proposed algorithm is then applied to adaptive noise jamming cancellation system; the computer simulation shows superior performance over the NLMS algorithm and MVSS algorithm.
A new low-molecular-weight component promoting adrenergic development in cultured chick sympathetic neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A low-molecular-weight component present in medium conditioned by cultured chick liver cells (LCM) enhances the adrenergic properties of dissociated chick superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons in culture (Zurn and Mudry, 1986). This substance cannot replace NGF as a survival, growth, or differentiation factor. However, in the presence of NGF, it stimulates neuronal metabolism and catecholamine (CA), but not ACh production by the SCG neurons. The effect on transmitter production is greater than that on neuronal metabolism. Yet this is not due to an increase in the specific activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in CA synthesis. Interestingly, the effect of LCM on CA and ACh production, but not on neuronal metabolism, is potentiated in the presence of a large excess of NGF. The active component(s) present in LCM has a molecular weight lower than 500 Da and is not inactivated by heat or pronase treatment. So far, none of the small molecules tested (ascorbic acid, pyruvate, glucose, L- glutamic acid, glutathione, etc.) were able to mimic the effects of LCM on the SCG neurons. Thus this report describes a novel low-molecular- weight component different from NGF that promotes metabolism and adrenergic development in cultured chick sympathetic neurons.
Place Names of Urghuybalïq

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Little has been known about Weiwu’erbali, a place name found only in Chinese records from the Ming Dynasty. As this place name has not been thoroughly examined in sources other than Chinese, discussion related to it has so far been limited to its approximate location. However, Chaghatay documents recently found in Qomul shed new light on the place. By referring to documents and oral sources, the present study aims to identify the precise location of Urghuybalïq mentioned in the Chaghatay documents, and trace the change of the place name until its fall into oblivion.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-Ar) Among a Sample of Lebanese University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Mindfulness presents a self-regulation tool allowing the individual to recognize and accept mental experiences. We chose to validate the short form of FMI called FMI-14, since it contains all aspects of the original long version and it can be used among various general population. Interests in including mindfulness techniques in medical and psychological fields has been increasing recently. Accordingly, it is important to validate FMI-14-Ar to help professionals living in the Arabic speaking countries. Thus, the main objective of this study was to validate the Arabic version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-Ar) among a sample of Lebanese university students. Methods This study is a cross-sectional one carried out between July and September 2021 and enrolling 363 Lebanese university students recruited through convenience sampling through several Lebanese universities. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics and the following scales: Lebanese Anxiety Scale (LAS-10) to assess anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) to assess mindfulness. To estimate categorical confirmatory factor analysis of the FMI scale the Mplus was used and SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis. Results Participants mean age was 22.65 ± 3.48 years, and the majority 61.7% were females. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the one-factor model of the FMI came out as follows: χ 2 /df= 218.33/77=2.83, RMSEA= 0.071 [0.060-0.082], CFI=0.92 and TLI= 0.90. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the total scale was excellent (0.92). Additionally, the FMI score was negatively associated with anxiety (r=-0.48; p<0.001) and depression (r=-0.51; p=0.001). Conclusion All hypotheses (factor, convergent, and divergent validity) related to the FMI-Ar were verified in our study. Therefore, professionals can now benefit from the FMI-Ar, a suitable scale to measure mindfulness among Lebanese university students.
A 3D imaging system for the non-intrusive in-flight measurement of the deformation of an aircraft propeller and a helicopter rotor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The non-intrusive in-flight deformation measurement and the resulting local pitch of an aircraft propeller or helicopter rotor blade is a demanding task. The idea of an imaging system integrated and rotating with the air-craft propeller has already been presented at the 30th International Congress on High-Speed lmaging and Photonics (ICHSIP30) in 2012. Since then this system has been designed, constructed and tested in the laboratory as well as in-flight on the Cobra VUT100 of Evektor Aerotechnik, Kunovice (CZ). The major aim of the EU FP7 project AIM2 ("Advancedln-flight Measurement techniques 2" -contract No. 266107) was to ascertainthe feasibility of this technique under extreme conditions -vibration and !arge centrifugal forces -to real flight testing. Based on the gained experience a new rotating system for the application on helicopter rotors has recently been constructed and tested on the whirl tower of Airbus Helicopters, Donauwoerth (D). In this paper the principle of the applied Image Pattern Correlation Technique (IPCT), a specialized type of Digital Image Correlation (DIC), is outlined and the construction of both rotating 3D image acquisition systems dedicated to the in-flight deformation measurement of the aircraft propeller and helicopter rotor are described. Furthermore, the results of the ground and in-flight tests of these systems will be shown and discussed. The obtained results will be helpful for manufacturers in the design of their future aircrafts.
Moylan and Dystopia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a response to Tom Moylan’s article on my Dystopia: A Natural History. There are some serious misapprehensions about my arguments in Moylan’s treatment, as well as a failure to engage with some of the central themes of the book. Substantial differences also clearly exist between my approach and Moylan’s approach to the subject of dystopia and indeed to scholarly engagement in general. Illuminating these further might well assist students of the subject to further explore the relevant issues.
Magnetic relaxation in pre-annealed amorphous (Fe0.1Ni0.35Co0.55)78Si8B14

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The relaxations of structurally sensitive magnetic parameters, in particular those of magnetic permeability, were investigated on a pre-annealed nearly zero-magnetostrictive amorphous (Fe0.1Ni0.35Co0.55)78Si8B14 alloy at temperatures up to 300 degrees C. The ordinary disaccommodation (DA) and the continuous permeability decay in the total permeability relaxation exhibit a characteristic spectrum with a single relaxation peak. The distributions of the activation energies in the relaxation processes were evaluated. The most probable activation energies for DA and the decay are approximately 1.12 and 1.76 eV, respectively. It was confirmed that the permeability decay by aging is a process of reversible structural rearrangements. The crossover effect in the decay was observed and quantitative estimation made for the magnetic stability at lower temperatures.
GETTING LONDON ON TRACK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Anticipated growth in the transport requirements of London is described. It is suggested that new railway lines are required but that this would be very difficult to implement. Existing plans to upgrade the tube network would result in only minor increases in capacity. It is suggested that major reconstruction of rail/tube interchanges is required. New projects such as CrossRail and Thameslink 2000 have conflicting potential uses as part of the national rail service and as tube services that extend into the suburbs. The need for orbital public transport services is stressed. Possible political solutions to London's transport problems are suggested. For covering abstract see ITRD E110216.
Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To date,total of 2854 species of organisms were recorded in Chinese mangrove wetlands,including 136 species of fungi,13 species of actinobacteria,7 species of bacteria,441 species of microalgae,55 species of macroalgae,37 species of vascular plants,109 species of zooplankton,873 species of macrobenthos,258 species of nektons,434 species of insects,31 species of spiders,13 species of amphibians,39 species of reptiles,421 species of birds and 28 species of mammals.Among them,8 species belonged to the category 1 of Chinese national protected animals and 75 species belonged to the category 2.Chinese mangrove wetlands are very important bases for the conservation and development of the endangered species to China,and playing a critical role in the international activities for protecting the migrating birds.The species abundance in Chinese mangrove wetlands was 1766 times as much as that for the averaged species abundance in Chinese sea fields.The prolific species diversity in Chinese mangrove wetlands can be attributed to their high primary productivity,high diversity in their consumers' food preferences,high spatial heterogeneity at macroscopical and microscopic scale levels,and their dynamic temporal sequence in habitat utilization.
Allocating Family Responsibilities for Dependent Older People in Mexico and Peru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper applies different analytical frameworks to explore processes of family bargaining about providing care for dependent older people in Mexico and Peru. These frameworks include cultural norms, life course effects and material exchange. The paper is based on 19 in-depth qualitative family case studies, which are linked to a wider set of quantitative survey data. Care arrangements and bargaining processes are revealed to be highly gendered, and largely conform to prevailing cultural norms. Rather than neutral and objective, the self-identified role as main carer is found to be subjective and potentially ambiguous. The few men who self-identify as main carers are more likely to play an indirect, organisational role than engage directly in daily care. As such, bargaining mainly relates to which woman performs the main care role, and large family networks mean that there is usually more than one candidate carer. Bargaining can occur inter-generationally and conjugally, but bargaining between siblings is of particular importance. Bargaining is framed by the uncertain trajectory of older people’s care needs, and arrangements are sometimes reconfigured in response to changing care needs or family circumstances. Taking the narratives at face value, the influence of life course effects on bargaining and care arrangements is more obvious than material exchange. There are, however, indications that economic considerations, particularly inheritance, still play an important behind the scenes role.
Westlessness? Challenges for the EU’s Soft Power Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The West claims to be an economic and political power. However, its moral authority seems increasingly pilloried in many places. Some political scientists even speak of “Westlessness”: populism, nationalism, right-wing extremism, terrorism and democratic fatigue are some of the symptoms. This disunity of many people in Western industrialised nations is nowhere more evident than in relation to the contested topic of immigration. It polarises societies, as it is precisely here that legal convictions clash with ethical and moral ones and subsequently fail in the attempt to create Realpolitik. This article will trace the events that led to the neologism “Westlessness” being coined, before it will contextualise responses from within and without to this diagnosis and use the EU’s responses to the so-called refugee crisis from 2015 until the present as a test case for its future in solidarity and unity.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Activity of Floccularia luteovirens Polysaccharides and Their Protective Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Intestinal Injury in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Floccularia luteovirens polysaccharides (FLP1s) have potential biological activities. Our previous study showed that FLP1s positively regulated gut immunity and microbiota. However, it is still unclear whether FLP1s mediate gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice. This research aims to explore the relationship between FLP1-mediated gut microbes and intestinal immunity in immunosuppressed mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The results demonstrated that FLP1s exhibited prebiotic and anti-immunosuppressive effects on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. FFLP1 treatment (microbiota transplantation from the fecal sample) remarkably elevated the production of sIgA and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the intestine of CTX-treated mice, inducing activation of the MAPK pathway. Moreover, FFLP1s mitigated oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and strengthened the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression level of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, MUC-2, and ZO-1). Furthermore, FFPL1s restored gut dysbiosis in CTX-treated immunosuppressed mice by increasing the abundance of Alloprevotella, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroides. They also modified the composition of fecal metabolites, leading to enhanced regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, the cGMP-PKG pathway, the Rap1 signaling pathway, and ovarian steroidogenesis, as indicated by KEGG pathway analysis. These findings indicate that FLP1s could modulate the response of the intestinal immune system through regulation of the gut microbiota, thus promoting immune activation in CTX-treated immunosuppressed mice. FLP1s can serve as a natural protective agent against CTX-induced immune injury.
A holistic school-based nutrition program fails to improve teachers’ nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in rural China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of a holistic school-based nutrition programme using the health-promoting school (HPS) approach, on teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to nutrition in rural China. Design/methodology/approach – A cluster-randomised intervention trial design was employed. Two middle schools were randomly selected and assigned to either the intervention school using the HPS framework (HPS School), or to the Control School, in Miyun County, Beijing. From each school 20 teachers were randomly selected to complete the survey. Nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour were measured at pre- and post-intervention surveys with the same instrument. The nutrition intervention last for six months. Findings – The holistic school-based nutrition programme using the HPS framework had no statistical impact on improving teacher’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to nutrition ( p > 0.05). Practical implications – Future holistic school-based nutrition programmes targeting adolescents should also design and implement longer and more intensive interventions for teachers focusing on how to equip them with the awareness and ability to disseminate their knowledge, positive attitudes and role model behaviours to students, rather than on how to teach them basic knowledge and skills. Originality/value – Although teachers play a critical role in the HPS framework, there is very limited published research investigating the change in teachers’ nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour as a result of a nutrition promotion programme.
How DCs Activate Resting Ts

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages, and B cells can stimulate activated T cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized APCs that can potently activate resting (nonactivated) T cells. Within the regions of cell-to-cell contact between APCs and T cells, T cell antigen receptors aggregate to form a supramolecular signaling complex referred to as the immune synapse. Formation of the immune synapse requires the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in activated T cells, but actin reorganization in their cognate APCs does not appear to be required. It is unknown what is necessary for the activation of resting T cells. Al-Alwan et al. observed the intracellular rearrangements that occur during the contact of DCs and resting T cells and found that clustering of T cells at the surface of DCs correlated with cytoskeletal reorganization in DCs in vitro, as measured by fascin (an actin-bundling protein) and actin polymerization. Pretreatment of either resting T cells or DCs with cytochalasin D (CytD) or jasplakinolide, toxins that prevent actin reorganization, greatly reduced cell-to-cell clustering between DCs and resting T cells, and also prevented the activation of resting T cells. However, clustering of activated T cells with DCs was not diminished when DCs were pretreated with CytD, a finding that parallels the unimportance of cytoskeletal rearrangement in B cell stimulation of activated T cells. Thus, actin reorganization is required in DCs before the activation of resting T cells. Cytoskeletal reorganization might act to increase the contact surface area between the cells, leading to stronger signals generated in the synapse to activate resting T cells and thus explaining why DCs are such potent activators of resting T cells. M. M. Al-Alwan, G. Rowden, T. D. G. Lee, K. A. West, Cutting edge: The dendritic cell cytoskeleton is critical for the formation of the immunological synapse. J. Immunol. 166 : 1452-1456 (2001). [Online Journal]
Regulation of ventilatory sensitivity and carotid body proliferation in hypoxia by the PHD2/HIF‐2 pathway

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Key points Sustained hypoxic exposure increases ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia as part of physiological acclimatisation. Oxygen‐sensitive signals are transduced in animal cells by post‐translational hydroxylation of transcription factors termed hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). Mice heterozygous for the principal ‘oxygen‐sensing’ HIF hydroxylase PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain 2) show enhanced ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia. To analyse the underlying mechanisms, functional (hypoxic ventilatory responses, HVRs) and anatomical (cellular proliferation within carotid bodies) responses were studied in genetic models of inducible and constitutive inactivation of PHD2 and its principal hydroxylation substrates, HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α. Inducible PHD2 inactivation enhanced HVR, similar to constitutive inactivation; both responses were almost entirely compensated for by specific inactivation of HIF‐2α. Inducible inactivation of HIF‐2α, but not HIF‐1α, strikingly reduced ventilatory acclimatisation to hypoxia and associated carotid body cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate a key role for PHD2 and HIF‐2α in ventilatory control and carotid body biology. Abstract Ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia increases in response to continued hypoxic exposure as part of acute acclimatisation. Although this process is incompletely understood, insights have been gained through studies of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylase system. Genetic studies implicate these pathways widely in the integrated physiology of hypoxia, through effects on developmental or adaptive processes. In keeping with this, mice that are heterozygous for the principal HIF prolyl hydroxylase, PHD2, show enhanced ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia and carotid body hyperplasia. Here we have sought to understand this process better through comparative analysis of inducible and constitutive inactivation of PHD2 and its principal targets HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α. We demonstrate that general inducible inactivation of PHD2 in tamoxifen‐treated Phd2 f/f ;Rosa26 +/CreERT2 mice, like constitutive, heterozygous PHD2 deficiency, enhances hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVRs: 7.2 ± 0.6 vs . 4.4 ± 0.4 ml min −1 g −1 in controls, P < 0.01). The ventilatory phenotypes associated with both inducible and constitutive inactivation of PHD2 were strongly compensated for by concomitant inactivation of HIF‐2α, but not HIF‐1α. Furthermore, inducible inactivation of HIF‐2α strikingly impaired ventilatory acclimatisation to chronic hypoxia (HVRs: 4.1 ± 0.5 vs . 8.6 ± 0.5 ml min −1 g −1 in controls, P < 0.0001), as well as carotid body cell proliferation (400 ± 81 vs . 2630 ± 390 bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells mm −2 in controls, P < 0.0001). The findings demonstrate the importance of the PHD2/HIF‐2α enzyme–substrate couple in modulating ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia.
Towards a Quantum Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose the design of a programming language for quantum computing. Traditionally, quantum algorithms are frequently expressed at the hardware level, for instance in terms of the quantum circuit model or quantum Turing machines. These approaches do not encourage structured programming or abstractions such as data types. In this paper, we describe the syntax and semantics of a simple quantum programming language with high-level features such as loops, recursive procedures, and structured data types. The language is functional in nature, statically typed, free of run-time errors, and it has an interesting denotational semantics in terms of complete partial orders of superoperators. 1.