jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Positive percentages of urine morphine tests among methadone maintenance treatment clients with HIV/AIDS: a 12-month follow-up study in Guangdong Province, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective We aimed to assess the positive percentages of urine morphine tests and correlates among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clients with HIV/AIDS in Guangdong, China. Setting Fourteen MMT clinics located in nine cities of Guangdong were chosen as study sites. Participants In this study, we reviewed 293 clients with opioid dependence, who were HIV seropositive, 18 years or older, provided informed consent and had at least 10 records of urine morphine tests during the study period. Primary and secondary outcome measures The positive percentages of urine morphine tests were calculated and underlying predictors were estimated. Results The highest positive percentage (95.9%) was observed in the first month. After excluding the highest percentage in the first month, the average positive percentage was 40.9% for month 2 to month 12. Positive percentages of urine morphine tests that were <20%, 20–60% and >80% were 25.4%, 36.1% and 38.5% respectively. Lower percentages of continued heroin use were associated with being young (OR ≤30 =0.31, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.78; OR 31- =0.44, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.00), and financial sources depending on family or friends (OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.93). Higher percentages of continued heroin use were associated with being unemployed (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.49) and poor MMT attendance (OR <20% =3.60, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.33; OR 20%- =2.80, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.33). Conclusions High positive percentages of urine morphine tests remain prevalent among MMT clients with HIV/AIDS in Guangdong. The present findings have implications for taking effective measures to facilitate attendance in order to decrease heroin use and ultimately improve the effectiveness among these sub-group MMT clients.
Sixfold Discrete Symmetry of Fermion Fields as Explanation for Dark Matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We address the question, what is dark matter? The method used is the Pauli algebra form of the Dirac equation, equivalent to the standard one but allowing to use the multiplicative structure of the algebra. In this form discrete symmetries of fermion fields are the same as the automorphisms of the Pauli group. We construct the prototype Dirac equation in the Clifford algebra and then use its six representations by complex two by two matrices to construct the six symmetric versions, indexed by permutations of three letters. The solutions of symmetric equations form the six sectors of fermion fields. It is shown that the sectors are genuinely distinct, by proving that any fermion field belonging to two different sectors must have mass zero. Also shown is the lack of electromagnetic interaction between one sector and another, since each sector has its own matrix coupling the fermion field to the electromagnetic field. The key tool used is the mass inversion symmetry, introduced in []. The sixfold symmetry predicts the ratio of dark to ordinary matter of 5:1 which is close to the observed ratio of 5.2:1. However this symmetry is constructed only for interactions between fermion fields and the electromagnetic field, not yet taking into account the weak and strong interactions. So this article is an indication that maybe the complete answer can be found if the sixfold symmetry extends to these interactions.
Was Brexit a Form of Secession?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract As a form of legal separation taking place within a quasi‐federal framework, Brexit displayed important conceptual similarities with secession, in that it was predicated upon notions of collective identity and aspirations of renewed self‐government. This article examines the interrelationship between Brexit, secession as a legal concept, and secessionism as a political phenomenon. It advances two main arguments: at a first stage, it highlights that while Brexit ideologically aligns with secessionism, it could not have met any sustained international law definition of secession itself. However, the constitutional constraint to the European Union's formal status as an association of states ( Staatenverbund ) as opposed to a federation ( Staatsverband ) has rendered its withdrawal provision (Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU)) unduly impervious to the important practical parallels between the Brexit process and decisional, that is, negotiated, forms of secession. The article goes on to argue that an active recognition of aspects of decisional secession within the EU constitutional framework could have allowed for a more complex and dialogical resolution of Brexit than the conditions set up by the unilateral withdrawal clause allowed.
Ukrainian Social Realities and Emotivities in the Political Speeches of Yuliia Tymoshenko

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ukraine is a European state situated in the middle of the spheres of power and influence of the European Union and Russia. After the fall of the Soviet Union communist regime, Ukraine maintained a significant number of Russian citizens who now promote the country in international politics. In front of them, a larger number of Ukraine citizens show their preferences to join to the European Union. Thus, the country is being polarized due to some political forces exploit these contradictions for authorities' defamation and to their own benefits. This chapter presents an analysis of a wide selection of Yuliia Tymoshenko's speeches using computer tools that allow the analysis of a large volume of data.
for the International HapMap Consortium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Knowledge of haplotype phase is valuable for many analysis methods in the study of disease, population, and evolutionary genetics. Considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of statistical and computational methods that infer haplotype phase from genotype data. Although a substantial number of such methods have been developed, they have focused principally on inference from unrelated individuals, and comparisons between methods have been rather limited. Here, we describe the extension of five leading algorithms for phase inference for handling father-mother-child trios. We performed a comprehensive assessment of the methods applied to both trios and to unrelated individuals, with a focus on genomic-scale problems, using both simulated data and data from the HapMap project. The most accurate algorithm was PHASE (v2.1). For this method, the percentages of genotypes whose phase was incorrectly inferred were 0.12%, 0.05%, and 0.16 % for trios from simulated data, HapMap Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) trios, and HapMap Yoruban trios, respectively, and 5.2 % and 5.9 % for unrelated individuals in simulated data and the HapMap CEPH data, respectively. The other methods considered in this work had comparable but slightly worse error rates. The error rates for trios are similar to the levels of genotyping error and missing data expected. We thus conclude that all the methods considered will provide highly accurate estimates of haplotypes when applied to trio data sets. Running times differ substantially
Architecture design of the workflow execution system containing Humanware Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the rapidly changing application environment of the workflow, the traditional BPEL workflow system is incapable of effectively involving the user in the workflow activities. Based on the concept of the Humanware Service (HS in short) proposed in our research, the architecture design of the workflow execution system containing HS is presented, in which the HS scheduler is in charge of the access and invocation of the HS. The practicability and effectivity of the architecture are verified by the prototype system.
Undulant Fever in the Naval, Military and Civilian Populations of Malta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the previous paper Zammit has considered the prevalence of undulant fever* in the goat in Malta.As complementary to that paper I thought it would be of interest to present afresh the data as to the prevalence of the fever in the Mediterranean Squadron, Army (Malta Garrison), and civilian population of Malta respectively previous to 1906, and from that time onwards so far as data are available.1906 is the critical year in regard to the relationship of undulant fever and goats' milk, for it was mainly in the latter half of that year that orders affecting the use of goats' milk came into force.
Work-in-Progress: Traded Control Transfer for Managing Real-Time Sensor Uncertainties in Autonomous Vehicle

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At Levels 2 and 3 of autonomous driving defined by the Society of Auto-motive Engineers, drivers must take on certain driving responsibilities, and automated driving must sometimes yield to human control. This situation can occur in real time due to uncertainties in sensor measurements caused by environmental factors like fog or smoke. To address this challenge, we propose a method to manage real-time sensor uncertainties in autonomous vehicles by monitoring sensor conflicts and dynamically adjusting control authority to maintain safe operation. However, to achieve this, we have introduced a novel metric called the Degree of Conflicts (DoC), which quantifies the conflict between real-time sensor data by measuring the differences between data from multiple sensors. Our approach aims to demonstrate the importance of selecting an appropriate DoC threshold for transferring control between the automation agent and the human driver. The results have shown that choosing the correct DoC threshold can enhance safety by promptly handing over the driving control from the automation system to the human driver in challenging conditions.
Effect and Nutrient Content of Fermented Aloe Saponaria as Pigs Feed Additive Food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aloe gel layer is well known as raw materials of medicines and cosmetics due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In aloe gel extracting process, the outer part of the leaf was removed. It contains high quality of fiber and many nutrients. However, this part is thrown away and generally used as fertilizer. The purpose of this research was to examine the important nutrient of Aloe saponaria. Moreover, the feasibility of using aloe as a dietary supplement by feeding fermentation treatment of aloe was investigated. To do this, the aloe leaf was divided into several parts including leaf skin, bottom of the leaf, tip of the leaf, middle of the leaf, and leaf flesh. Then the saponin content were analyzed from each part. The extraction method was used to clarify the saponin content. The aloe then fermented to improve it benefit. The fermented Aloe then given as dietary food to group of pig. Finally, the appropriate feed level was determined and the pork meat quality was analyzed. The extraction of saponin shows that the highest concentration of saponin located on the skin of the leaf. The feeding experiment shows that there is no significant difference in pig growth without aloe dietary food and groups with aloe as dietary food. It was conclude that fermented aloe can replace the pigs normal feeder as an alternative feeding solution.
Alloying Effects on Iron Oxide Redox Pathways: Insights into Sustainable Hydrogen-Based Reduction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron oxides, particularly using renewable hydrogen sources, presents a sustainable, zero-carbon footprint alternative for the steel industry. However, the influence of secondary metallic elements on reduction pathways and the redox behavior of iron oxide remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigate the reduction and oxidation behaviors of NiFe2O4 and pure Fe3O4 using environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), revealing that Ni incorporation fundamentally modifies the reaction pathway, simplifying the reduction process from a two-step to a single-step mechanism. Additionally, by examining the reduction processes of Ni-, Co-, Cu-, and Al-Fe3O4 systems, we demonstrate that secondary metals with appropriate oxide Gibbs free energy (ΔGoxide) and low mixing enthalpy (ΔHmix), such as Ni and Co, significantly accelerate reduction by promoting alloy formation and inhibiting oxidation. This work advances the understanding of iron oxide redox mechanisms and lays the groundwork for designing next-generation alloys and sustainable metallurgical strategies.
Identificación taxonómica y análisis tafonómico de restos faunísticos de la Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel, Ciudad Real). Arqueología y Territorio 14: 1-18

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the last years, zooarchaeological analysis have been getting importance in the studies related to Recent Prehistory. In this paper we present, as an object of analysis, the taxonomical and taphonomic study of the faunal ensemble from Corte 5, located between the Intermediate and Exterior Walls of the Fortification Complex of La Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel, Ciudad Real), a site framed in the Culture of the Motillas, Bronce Age culture from La Mancha (Spain). The aim is to make an approach towards the patterns of management, exploitation and animal consumption in the settlement.
A Case of Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis Due to Anastomosis Site of Postoperative Colorectal Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は62歳の男性で，上行結腸癌に対して2010年12月に右半結腸切除術を施行した．術後イレウスに対して小腸ストーマを造設し，2011年11月にストーマ閉鎖術を施行した．ストーマ閉鎖術後に再度イレウスを発症し，減圧処置およびステロイド治療を開始した．その後，イレウスは改善したが，腹部単純X線写真で右側腹部および骨盤内に気腫性変化を認めた．腹部造影CTでは，右半結腸切除の吻合部および60歳時に直腸癌に対して施行した直腸前方切除術の吻合部を中心に腸管壁に沿う壁内ガスを認め，腹腔内遊離ガスも認めた．2度の大腸癌術後の吻合部を中心に発生した腸管嚢腫性気腫症と診断したが，腹膜刺激症状などの腹部所見は認めなかったため，ステロイドを中止し経過観察とした．その後も腹部所見の増悪は認めず，フォローの画像でも腸管気腫は消失した．腸管嚢腫性気腫症の成因として術後の吻合部が成因となった報告は非常にまれである．
Impacts of technology implementation on nurses' work motivation, engagement, satisfaction and well‐being: A realist review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To examine current literature for causal explanations on how, why and under what circumstances, implementation of a new hospital electronic medical record system or similar technology impacts nurses' work motivation, engagement, satisfaction or well‐being. Background Implementation of new technology, such as electronic medical record systems, affects nurses and their work, workflows and inter‐personal interactions in healthcare settings. Multiple individual and organisational‐level factors can affect technology adoption by nurses and may have negative consequences for nurses and patient safety. Design Five‐step realist review method and Realist And Meta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards checklist was used to guide this review. Eight initial theories (programme theories) were used as the basis to explore, examine and refine literature from a range of sources. Data Sources Literature from five databases (APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore and MEDLINE Complete) and grey literature (from 1 January 2000 to 31 October 2021) were systematically searched and retrieved on 4 November 2021. Results In all, 8980 records were screened at the title and abstract level, of which 1027 full texts were screened and 10 were included in the review. Seven studies assessed concepts in both pre‐ and post‐technology implementation. Most common contexts related to knowledge, rationale and skills to use new technology. Mechanisms that impacted nurses or nursing care delivery included: nurses' involvement in technology implementation processes; nurses' perceptions, understanding and limitations of technology impact(s) on patient care delivery; social supports; skills; implementation attitude and hardware. Work satisfaction was the most frequently examined outcome. An analysis led to nine final programme theories (including two original, six revised and one new programme theory). Conclusion Nurses must be informed about the rationale for new technology and have the knowledge and skills for its use. Understanding nurses' work motivation and attitudes related to technology adoption in the workplace can support work engagement, satisfaction and well‐being. Implications for the Profession Complex contexts and mechanisms play a role in nurses' work motivation, engagement, satisfaction and well‐being with the implementation of new technology into healthcare settings. Relevance to Clinical Practice Nurses, their work and workflows are all influenced by the implementation of new technologies (such as electronic medical records), which in turn has consequences for patient safety and quality of care. Patient or Public Contribution No patient or public contribution. Prospero Registration Number CRD42020131875 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=131875 ).
Study on the Allelopathy and the Autotoxicity of Patchouli Root Exudates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of root exudates on the growth of radish,Desmodium styracifoliurn and patchouli tissue culture were analyzed using tissue culture method.Results showed that root exudates of patchouli inhibited the growth of the patchouli tissue culture and Desmodium styracifoliurn;The low concentration of root exudates promoted the growth of the radish,the high concentration of root exudates inhibited the growth of the radish.The greater concentration of root exudates in the medium,the more adverse effect it had on the plants.It is concluded that root exudates of patchouli was one of the important factors inducing continuous cropping obstacle in patchouli.
The Nature and Treatment of Plummer—Vinson Dysphagia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This syndrome of dysphagia of upper oesophageal type associated with present or past anaemia is relatively common in the North of Ireland.Treatment by dilata- tion is very satisfactory, but the condition is unfor- tunately often misdiagnosed as hysteria or "nervous swallow."Indeed, Vinson in 1922 put forward the view that the dysphagia was hysterical.We have been impressed by the diagnostic difficulty the condition evidently offers and by the consequent prolonged physical and social distress the patient suffers.That the condition is due to an organic stricture and that relief may be obtained by dilatation have been pointed out by McGibbon (1935), but these observations have not become widely known.This account is based on 16 cases observed in the last five years.Details of these cases are given in the Table. Clinical FeaturesThe clinical features have often been described, among others by McKenzie (1918), Brown Kelly (1919, 1927), Paterson (1919), and Munro Cameron (1928, 1929).The onset is insidious and the course lasts many years.There is no tendency to spontaneous cure.The social class and
Numerical Modeling of Two-Dimensional Gas-Liquid Flow Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the results of the numerical modeling of two-phase gas and liquid flows are given in horizontal channels for the purpose of definition of occurring flow structures and their existence conditions. The calculations were performed for two-dimensional models. The regimes occurring at the velocity range from 0.1 m/s to 15 m/s and various phase relation were under investigation. The phase boundaries location in the flow was determined with the VOF- volume of fluid method. The discovered flow structures were qualitatively analyzed and identified due to the accepted classification. Parameters of the modeling regimes were compared to the semi-empirical regime map of Taitel and Dukler, whereby the expected flow type was determined. The area of stream structures coincidence was defined in the numerical modeling using the regime map of Taitel and Dukler.
Urosolenia extensa Karthick & Kociolek 2011, sp. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Urosolenia extensa Karthick & Kociolek, sp. nov. (Figs 7–8, holotype illustrated in Fig. 7–A) Frustula cylindrica. Valvae symmertica conicae, angustatis longissimis, rectis ad undulates. Processus positatus ad centrum valvae, extense ramo-simili visibili LM. Latitudo frustuli 3.2–5.1 µm. Longitudo processes 15.4–44.4 µm. Copulae 5–7/ 10 µm. Frustules cylindrical. Valves symmetrical, conical, continuing in a very long straight to slightly undulated process. Process positioned on valve center. Process possessing branch-like extension visible in LM. Frustules width 3.2–5.1 µm, length of process 15.4–44.4 µm, copulae density 5–7/ 10 µm. Type: Hirebhaskar Dam (14°05’48” N, 74°53’30”E, altitude 552 meters above sea level), Sharavathi River, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India. Collected by H P Gandhi on 11 th January 1955. (Sample No. Sr. 110 in Gandhi's collection) (holotype CESH-5-1884, Centre for Ecological Science Herbarium Diatom Collection, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, INDIA; isotypes BM 101460). Etymology: Named for the elongated process of the valve. In the SEM, the calyptra is funnel-shaped, tapered to form a tubular, extended process (Figs 8–A, B). Striae of the calyptra are in linear rows (Figs 8–A, G). The linearly arranged striae can be interrupted by elongated, narrowly rectangular openings (Figs 8–B, E). The elongated girdle consists of imbricate broad half bands, each isolated by a rim-like structure. Regularly distributed elongated areolae are present on the girdle (Fig 8– C, D). The base of the calyptra is a rim without additional ornamentation. The conical part of the valve has small areolae with density of 8–9/ 1 µm. The extension process possesses a small branch like projections and ends bluntly pointed (Fig 8–F). Urosolenia extensa differs from all other known Urosolenia species by its shape and absence of structure on valve lamina as observed in U. curvata and U. diademata Rott & Kling ( Rott et al. 2006). U. extensa can be differentiated from the U. delicatissima by the absence of buttonhole shaped external labiate opening on the valve (Sala et al. 2008. Fig 13, 14) and the presence of branch like projections on the process (Fig 8–F).
Proposal of an edge device framework for abstracting sensor and camera devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The latest Internet of Things (IoT) devices allow performing complex processing distributedly according to the performance improvement of devices. Information flow is a new concept of distributed processing to handle information as flow. As the distributed processing, edge devices should prepare sensing platforms for application services. Especially, abstraction of sensor types and media types is essential to realize compatible functions for application service because each device has different sensor and camera devices. This paper proposes an edge device framework to abstract sensor and camera devices for compatible functions. Since the framework provides information defined by the abstract meaning of sensor and camera devices, any application can obtain the designated information based on the meaning of information. The evaluation results show that the prototype implementation realizes the abstract data acquisition from sensor devices and a camera device.
An Exploratory Investigation of Study-Abroad Online Information Cues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite numerous studies on the factors involved in the decision-making process on study abroad, little attention has been paid to the initial stage when students process information. This qualitative study aims to map out the cues involved when Chinese students process study-abroad information from an information-processing perspective. Findings showed that family members, the Internet, and agents were the main channels through which respondents obtained information. Recognition of qualifications by the source country, employment prospects, and price were identified as important cues. This study identified the determining role of cues by using a rating system. Using marketing cues, marketers may be able to design and align marketing strategies which are more efficient at attracting Chinese students in the future.