jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Monte Carlo resampling framework for implementing goodness‐of‐fit tests in spatial capture‐recapture models

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) models provide estimates of animal density from spatially referenced encounter data and has become the most widely adopted approach for estimating density. Despite the rapid growth in the development and application of spatial capture‐recapture methods, approaches for assessing model fit have received very little attention when compared to other classes of hierarchical models in ecology. Here, we develop an approach for testing goodness‐of‐fit (GoF) for frequentist SCR models using Monte Carlo simulations. We derive probability distributions of activity centres from the fitted model. From these, we calculate the expected encounters in the capture history based on the SCR parameter estimates, propagating the uncertainty of the estimates and the activity centre locations via Monte Carlo simulations. Aggregating these test statistics result in count data, allowing us to test fit with Freeman‐Tukey tests. These tests are based on summary statistics of the total encounters of each individual at each trap (FT‐ind‐trap), total encounters of each individual (FT‐individuals) and total encounters at each trap (FT‐traps). We assess the ability of these GoF tests to diagnose lack of fit under a range of assumption violating scenarios. FT‐traps had the strongest response to unmodelled spatial and trap heterogeneity in detection probability (power = 0.53–0.56), while FT‐ind‐traps had the strongest responses to random individual variation in detectability (power = 0.88) and non‐spatial discrete variation in (power = 0.35). The tests, designed to diagnose poor fit in the detection parameters, were insensitive to unmodelled heterogeneity in density (power = <0.001). They also demonstrated low false positive rates (<0.001) when the correct models were fitted; therefore, it is very unlikely that they will provide false indications of poor model fit. We demonstrate that these GoF tests are capable of detecting lack‐of‐fit when unmodelled heterogeneity is present in the detection sub‐model. When used jointly, the combinations of test results are also able to infer the type of lack‐of‐fit in certain cases. Our Monte Carlo sampling methods may be extended to a wider range of GoF tests, thereby providing a platform for developing more GoF methods for SCR.
Mercury Control With The Advanced Hybrid Paticulate Collector

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This project was awarded under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Program Solicitation DE-PS26-00NT40769 and specifically addresses Technical Topical Area 4 - Testing Novel and Less Mature Control Technologies on Actual Flue Gas at the Pilot Scale. The project team included the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) as the main contractor; W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., as a technical and financial partner; and the Big Stone Plant operated by Otter Tail Power Company, host for the field-testing portion of the research. Since 1995, DOE has supported development of a new concept in particulate control called the advanced hybrid particulate collector (AHPC). The AHPC has been licensed to W.L. Gore and Associates, Inc., and is marketed as the Advanced Hybrid{trademark} filter by Gore. The AHPC combines the best features of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and baghouses in a unique configuration, providing major synergism between the two collection methods, both in the particulate collection step and in the transfer of dust to the hopper. The AHPC provides ultrahigh collection efficiency, overcoming the problem of excessive fine-particle emissions with conventional ESPs, and it solves the problem of reentrainment and re-collection of dust in conventional baghouses. The AHPC also appears to have unique advantages for mercury control over baghouses or ESPs as an excellent gas-solid contactor. The objective of the original 5-task project was to demonstrate 90% total mercury control in the AHPC at a lower cost than current mercury control estimates. The approach included bench-scale batch tests, larger-scale pilot testing with real flue gas on a coal-fired combustion system, and field demonstration at the 2.5-MW scale at a utility power plant to prove scale-up and demonstrate longer-term mercury control. The scope of work was modified to include an additional sixth task, initiated in April 2003. The objective of this task was to evaluate the mercury capture effectiveness of the AHPC when used with elemental mercury oxidation additives. This project, which is now nearing completion, demonstrated at the pilot-scale level a technology that provides a cost-effective technique to control mercury and, at the same time, greatly enhances fine particulate collection efficiency. The technology can be used to retrofit systems currently employing inefficient ESP technology as well as for new construction, thereby providing a solution for improved fine particulate control combined with effective mercury control for a large segment of the U.S. utility industry as well as other industries.
Investigating Arctic Permafrost Dynamics Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging and Borehole Measurement in Svalbard

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study utilized electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate subsurface characteristics near Nicolaus Copernicus University Polar Station on the western Spitsbergen-Kaffiøyra Plain island in the Svalbard archipelago. Surveys along two lines, LN (148 m) collected in 2022 and 2023, and ST (40 m) collected in 2023, were conducted to assess resistivity and its correlation with ground temperatures. The LN line revealed a 1- to 2-m-thick resistive unsaturated outwash sediment layer, potentially indicative of permafrost. Comparing the LN resistivity result between 2022 and 2023, a 600 Ohm.m decrease in the unsaturated active layer in 2023 was observed, attributed to a 5.8 °C temperature increase, suggesting a link to global warming. ERI along the ST line depicted resistivity, reaching its minimum at approximately 1.6 m, rising to over 200 Ohm.m at 4 m, and slightly decreasing to around 150 Ohm.m at 7 m. Temperature measurements from the ST line’s monitoring strongly confirmed that the active layer extends to around 1.6 m, with permafrost located at greater depths. Additionally, water content distribution in the ST line was estimated after temperature correction, revealing a groundwater depth of approximately 1.06 m, consistent with measurements from the S4 borehole on the ST line. This study provides valuable insights into Arctic subsurface dynamics, emphasizing the sensitivity of resistivity patterns to climate change and offering a comprehensive understanding of permafrost behavior in the region.
Osteoblast Viability of Liquid Smoke Rice Hull and Nanoparticles Form as Periodontitis Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective Rice husk liquid smoke nanoparticles have the potential to be developed as a drug because they have anti-inflammatory effects that can modulate the process of osteoblast stimulation through osteoblast stimulation by thorough small size and enter cells easily. The osteoblast is the key of alveolar regeneration in periodontitis treatment. This present study analyzed the differences of liquid smoke rice husk and nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk on osteoblast viability as periodontitis treatment Materials and Methods The liquid smoke rice husk was obtained from the pyrolysis process. The nanoparticles were made with chitosan, maltodextrin, and difference of concentration of liquid smoke rice husk (such as 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5%). The viability of osteoblast was analyzed by 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using independent t-test to analyze the differences between liquid smoke rice husk and nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk, the significant was set a p<0.05. Result The nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk showed higher osteoblast viability compared liquid smoke rice husk. The nanoparticles' concentration of 5, 7.5, and 10% showed higher osteoblast viability compared liquid smoke rice husk (p = 0.002, 0.000, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk showed higher viability of osteoblast. This confirmed that the nanoparticles were able to reduce the toxicity in the higher concentration of liquid smoke of rice husk.
A review on cognitive neuropsychological mechanisms of Chinese dyslexia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Children with developmental dyslexia have specific problems with reading and spelling that cannot be accounted for by low intelligence, poor educational opportunities, or obvious sensory/neurological damage. This paper reviewed current cognitive neuropsychological mechanisms studies of Chinese dyslexia. It pointed out that these studies were guided by several dominant views in the cognitive neuropsychological mechanisms of Chinese dyslexia. It's suggested that the cognitive neuroscientists need to develop a program for the study of cognitive neuropsychological mechanisms of dyslexia in Chinese, which has a logographic writing system with many properties different from alphabetic systems.
Developmental Expression Pattern and DNA-Binding Properties of the Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Krox-26

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The development of teeth through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is mediated on a molecular level through the iterative and reciprocal action of secreted growth factors and responsive transcription factors. Although zinc finger transcription factors constitute by far the largest class of transcriptional regulators in mammals [1], little is known about their specific role in the regulation of tissue formation. The C 2 H 2 zinc finger transcription factor Krox-26 is transiently expressed during organ formation, most prominently at sites of early tooth development and subsequently in secretory stage ameloblasts [2]. The objective of this study was to determine the developmental expression pattern of Krox-26 during mouse embryogenesis and to determine its preferred DNA-binding site. Krox-26 protein expression could be detected in multiple tissues, most prominently in developing craniofacial structures. A target detection assay using recombinant Krox-26 protein identified the sequence CAATG as the preferred Krox-26 DNA-binding site. These results suggest that Krox-26 may regulate the expression of target genes through CCAAT box-related sequences in multiple tissues.
A scalable noise de-embedding technique for on-wafer microwave device characterization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, we present a scalable and efficient noise de-embedding procedure, which is based on transmission-line theory and cascade configurations, for on-wafer microwave measurements of silicon MOSFETs. The proposed de-embedding procedure utilizes one open and one thru dummy structures to eliminate the parasitic effects from the probe pads and the input/output interconnects of a device-under-test (DUT), respectively. This method can generate the scalable distributed interconnect parameters to efficiently and precisely remove the redundant parasitics of the DUTs with various device sizes and arbitrary interconnect dimensions.
Tourism and Leisure Research Methods: Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

* Introducing Research, * Methodology and Research Design, * Evaluating Research, * Secondary Data Analysis in Leisure & Tourism Research, * Qualitative methods, * Social Surveys, * Sampling Techniques, * The Analysis of Qualitative Data Content Analysis and Semiological Analysis, * Summarising data descriptive statistics and the graphical presentation of data, * Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis, * Inferential Statistics, * Writing a Research Report.
Curious Case of Spontaneous Colocutaneous Fistula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A colocutaneous fistula is an infrequent condition, which often occurs as a post- surgical complication, while a spontaneous colocutaneous fistula is an even rarer occurence, which may be seen in conditions like diverticulitis or Crohn’s disease. Cases of colocutaneous fistulas as a sequelae of endometriosis are very rare. Here, we present a case report of a 38 year old lady who presented developed a spontaneous colo-cutaneous fistula secondary to endometriosis involving the sigmoid colon.
Capsicum annuum L., CAP 1501

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Capsicum annuum L. Accession number: CAP 1501 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1996 Origin country: Unknown Biological status: Advanced/improved cultivar MLS status: Unknown AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
[A comparison of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of head, neck and extremities].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inadequate resection of head and neck MFH in initial surgery is associated with a high incidence of local recurrence, which is always correlated with worse prognosis. Repeated surgery for recurrent head and neck MFH is not as effective as for recurrent extremity MFH. Therefore, we suggest that the initial surgery for head and neck MFH should be as radical as allowed to avoid a possible local recurrence.
Superconducting Traveling Wave Cavity Tuning Studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Superconducting traveling wave cavity (SCTW) can provide 1.2-1.4 times larger accelerating gradient than conventional standing wave SRF cavities [1]. Firstly, traveling wave opens the way to use other than Pi-mode phase advance per cell which increase transit time factor. Secondly, traveling wave is not so sensitive to cavity length as standing wave, which length is limited to 1 meter because of field flatness degradation. 3 cell SCTW cavity was proposed [2] and built for high gradient traveling wave demonstration and tuning studies. This paper describes analytical model that was used for cavity development. Tuning properties and requirements are also discussed.
The Effectiveness of the Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Treatment in Persons who have Completed Successful Chronic Hepatitis C Antiviral Therapy at the Rehabilitation Stage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of the physiopharmacological treatment of GERD in persons who successfully completed a full course of CHC therapy with direct antiviral drugs no more than 6 months ago. Materials and Methods: 67 people with GERD who completed a course of CHC therapy with direct antiviral drugs no more than 6 months ago were under observation. The patients were divided into: 1 group (n=20) – received rabeprazole 20 mg in the morning 40 minutes before meals, 2 group (n=23) – rabeprazole 20 mg in combination with taking mineral water “Polyana Kvasova” according to the proposed scheme, group 3 (n=24 patients) – took rabeprazole 20 mg in combination with MV«Polyana Kvasova» for 24 days, and with a course of magnetic therapy procedures. Results: Under the influence of treatment, on the 24 th day of observation, all 100% of patients in the 3rd group had positive dynamics: the elimination of heartburn (p<0.001), pain in the epigastrium (p<0.001), and manifestations of dysphagia (p<0.001), which were confirmed by fibrogastroscopy - disappearance of esophagitis (p<0.001) and gastroesophageal reflux (p<0.001). In 80% of the patients of the second group, positive dynamics of the clinical and endoscopic picture was also observed (p<0.005), and in the rest of the patients, the improvement was unreliable (p>0.05). After the treatment, a decrease in manifestations of asthenovegetative and dyspeptic syndromes, cholestatic syndrome was recorded in all groups of patients, with a predominance in group 3. Conclusions: The use of complex physiopharmacological treatment has a reliable advantage over standard pharmacological treatment, as it has a positive effect not only on GERD manifestations, but also on clinical and laboratory manifestations of CHC and improves the quality of life.
Wide tuning range inversion-mode gated varactor and its application on a 2-GHz VCO

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel inversion-mode three-terminal varactor with a capacitance ranging from 0.7 pF to 2.3 pF, achieving a /spl plusmn/53% variation in the capacitance. The new device is implemented in a 0.35-/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The measured quality factor is 22 at 2 GHz. A 2-GHz VCO is designed with this new varactor and is able to achieve a tuning range of 320 MHz with a maximum tuning gain of 220 MHz/V.
Exploring a voice user interface to convey information in an e-commerce website

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Screen readers for visually impaired users are poorly optimized for e-commerce websites hence the exclusion of the content. It creates a societal need for accessibility of the content in e-commerce websites for the visually impaired users. This study explores how six blindfolded participants could co-design a Voice User Interface (VUI) in an e-commerce website to convey its information that creates a good user experience for visually impaired. The result of a co-design workshop with interaction design practices showed that a VUI should be humanlike and convey relevant information. Failed speech recognition and overwhelming information had a negative impact on the user experience. To cope with the problems, the VUI should provide more control to the users by conveying explicit confirmations and retrospective information from past shopping trips. Due to the difficulties in finding visually impaired participants, the design process was not completed hence the ideation needs an additional design process.
Effect of thawing time and temperature variation on the quality of frozen- thawed ram semen

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The study aimed to determine the optimal thawing procedure, in order to establish the proper thawing rate that can assure the highest percentage of viable spermatozoa after thawing and the assessment of the relationship between this technique of thawing and sperm survival during incubation at 37° C. Sperm samples were collected from five adult Merinos de Palas rams with known fertility. Sperm samples from each animal were analyzed separately in order to take into account the variability in the individual. The thawing variants tested were: thawing at 90° C for 2 seconds, thawing at 75° C for 5 seconds, thawing at 75° C for 10 seconds, thawing at 50° C for 30 seconds, and thawing at 39° C for 120 seconds. The results of this research showed that the motility, viability and functional and structural integrity of the plasma membrane is significantly increased when the fine straws were thawed at 39° C and 50° C as compared with other thawing temperatures.
Analysis of Non-performing Loans Settlement at PT Astra Credit Companies in Review of the Civil Code Article 1313 (Bengkulu City Study)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the Non-performing Loans Settlement at PT Astra Credit Companies in Review of the Civil Code Article 1313 (Bengkulu City Study). This study uses the Juridical Empirical approach. This approach aims to understand that the law is not merely a set of statutory rules that are normative in nature, but the law is understood as the behavior of people who are symptomatic in their lives, always interact and relate to social aspects, such as; economic, social and cultural aspects. Any factors that cause non-performing loans at PT Astra Credit Companies should provide legal protection to consumers from a judicial perspective, this is intended if there is a dispute or dispute, legal action can be taken through the courts (litigation) and outside the court (non-litigation) so that consumers or creditors are maintained in terms of security. It is better if the settlement is carried out through mediation so that no one is harmed between the debtor and creditor.
Survival of the Smallest: A Study of Microenterprises in Haryana, India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present study investigates the sustainability of microenterprises using primary data on 222 microenterprises in the informal small business segment of India. We identified relevant factors inducing entrepreneurs to sustain their business despite facing challenges emerging in the business world from time to time. The findings indicate that microenterprises with higher initial capital investment and those run by more experienced entrepreneurs have more chances for their long-run survival. The findings further indicate that the attainment of higher education is unrelated to long-term survival in the microbusiness world, perhaps because it opens more options of livelihood leading to exploration and experimentation of other areas of work engagement. The probability of long-run survival is higher in manufacturing microenterprises as compared to trading and services, likely because manufacturing experiences less volatility in this penurious context. Finally, microenterprises managed by males have better chances of long-run sustainability than female-operated microbusinesses.
The Role of Palestinian Plastic Art in Keeping Up With the Palestinian Struggle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As long as there is injustice and oppression to man, there was an urgent need for the oppressed person to seek a way to express the injustice he suffered, to try to remove this injustice from himself, for the warrior to come to the fields of struggle with his weapons and to start writing the history of the poet, writer and thinker. Historical storytelling is used to record some important historical events in the life of the Palestinian people. The descriptive and analytical method was also used in some Palestinian artworks to show Palestinian reality at the stages of its struggle.People who struggle to achieve their freedom and allow the artist to embody this pain in order to reveal the crimes of the invader and paint a bright picture for a better tomorrow. This was the reality of the Palestinian artist struggling side by side with all sections of his society, so this study aims to examine the role of art in the march of the Palestinian struggle, as it is more relevant to the reality of Palestine under occupation (Al Qasem, 1998).