jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Monopolies & Corporate Public Corruption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Defining corruption as the exercise of public power for private, selfish ends, many theorists have argued that individuals can be corrupt even if their actions are legal. This essay explores the knotty question of when legal corporate action is corrupt. It argues that when corporations exercise public power, either through monopolistic control of a market or through campaign contributions and support of governmental actors, they are subject to the same responsibilities of anyone who exercises public power. Therefore, as a theoretical matter, we should call corporations corrupt when they exercise public power selfishly, in a way that puts their own interests over the public's interests. Because they make legal corporate corruption less likely, global anticorruption campaigns should therefore emphasize antimonopoly laws and campaign finance laws.
Time to Get Off this Pig's Back?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Automated piggybacks are purported to make drug administration safer and more reliable. We evaluated the human factors of piggyback infusion, investigated the practice in our institution, and analyzed incidents from an anonymous database to better characterize the practice and substantiate these assertions. Methods: To find examples of problems with piggyback, or secondary infusions, we searched the Food and Drug Administration's on-line incident database for incidents involving piggybacks. As part of a task analysis, 19 senior nurses each programmed 2 of 4 different pumps for a simulated piggyback infusion. To characterize infusion practice, we evaluated data logs from 55 infusion devices used in our institution. Results: Incidents from the database provided strong evidence that potential problems existed with piggyback infusions. Nurse behaviors suggested mismatches between the task, user, and devices that can lead to adverse events. Log files showed piggybacks were a common practice, and that available safeguards were not used. Conclusions: Our multiple data sources suggest automated piggyback infusion practice is neither simple nor safe. Incident report analysis suggests these findings contribute to adverse events. Further study is needed to understand and improve the safety of this practice.
FORMULAIC EXPRESSIONS FOUND IN THE “ALLY MCBEAL” MOVIE SERIAL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this research are to investigate the formulaic expressions. It is supposed to be very important to have more progress of the capability of English speaking. It is therefore necessary to have the formulaic expressions as a cover term which is typically used to refer to “multi-word collocations” which are stored and retrieved holistically and with conventionalized forms and meanings.This study, using English corpora as data, explores the nature of formulaic expressions by systematically examining its composition patterns. Formulaic expressions are a fix expressions used in conversation and the convention of turn taking varies between cultures and languages; therefore, learners of a foreign language may find it difficult to say in their expression naturally. A movie film, Ally McBeal, is chosen as material because it allows constant reference to the context; however, it is suggested that a film should be carefully chosen according to the aim of teaching.The main question of this study is: what kinds of formulaic expressions are found in Ally McBeal movie serial? This study also tries to find how these functions are realizedAfter analyzing the data, it is was found that there are 11 formulaic expressions. They are: greeting-greeting, statement-apologizing, statement- thanking, promises/threats-response, controlling-response, request-response, preclosing/closing-response, interruption-response, compliment-response, advice- response, and offer-responseThe results summarized above have some important implications for strategy instruction in the area of formulaic expressions usage. Learners need to distinguish the formulaic expression indicate the same context. Cognitive strategies involving the practice of formulaic expressions forms need to be incorporated.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF LYMPHOID ORGANS IN NEWBORN INFANTS WITH THYMIC INVOLUTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thymic involution was found In 16 of 29 newborn infants examined regardless of cause of death. Of the newborn infants with thymic involution, 5 newborn infants showed cellular depletion in thymus‐dependent areas (TDA) of the spleen and lymph nodes. In these infants, the thymic involutions were generally marked and the survival periods were 5 days long or more. The conditions for manifestation of the cellular depletion in TDA were discussed in connection with the results reported in animals.
Hipertensi dan Faktor Risikonya di Puskesmas Motolohu Kabupaten Pohuwato

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on WHO (World Health Organization) in 2011, hypertension was causing 8billion of the world citizen pass away every year in which almost 1.5 billion of them were in south east of Asia. The purpose of study was to determine the risk factors associated with hypertension in Pohuwato District in 2017. The study was an observational analytic with case control design. The sample of study was 202 respondents which divided into 101 case group and 101 control group in the w orkarea of Puskesmas Motolohu in Pohuwato District. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) test. The study result showed that occupation (OR=2.71;95% CI; 1.45-5.05), gender (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), smoking behavior (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), hypertension history (OR=6.13; 95% CI; 3.04-12.36), and consumption of coffee (OR=3.20; 95% CI; 1.64-6.25) were significant risk factors for occurance of hypertension. It is recomended to counseled as a means of disseminating information about risk factors and effect of hypertensionto the public.
LRH1 promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration and correlates with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Recent studies have revealed that liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH1) plays a vital role in several human cancers, but its role in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether LRH1 protein can act as a promising biomarker to predict the prognosis and metastasis in OC patients. Methods LRH1 expression status was evaluated by immunohistochemical and reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR analysis. The effects of LRH1 on tumor cell proliferation and progression were evaluated in vitro. Results RT-qPCR showed that LRH1 mRNA expression was more intense in the invasive lesions ( P < 0.05). LRH1 overexpression were extremely related with elevated FIGO stage ( P = 0.001), lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.011), and peritoneal metastasis ( P = 0.001). Furthermore, LRH1 expression was an independently prognostic index for disease-free survival in OC patients ( P = 0.041). In addition, LRH1 overexpression ( P =0.011) along with FIGO stage ( P <0.001) and ascites ( P =0.015) independently affect peritoneal metastasis in OC patients. LRH1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of human OC cells ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The present study provides evidence that LRH1 predicts peritoneal metastasis and poor outcome, highlighting its potential role as biomarker for targeted therapy in OC.
Suppression of Lipid Accumulation in the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Human Adipose Stem Cells into Adipocytes by TAK-715, a Specific Inhibitor of p38 MAPK

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Excessive preadipocyte differentiation is linked with obesity. Although previous studies have shown that p38 MAPK is associated with adipogenesis, the regulation of preadipocyte differentiation by TAK-715, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), remains unclear. Interestingly, TAK-715 at 10 μM vastly suppressed the accumulation of lipid and intracellular triglyceride (TG) content with no cytotoxicity during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. On mechanistic levels, TAK-715 significantly decreased the expressions of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and perilipin A. Similarly, the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells was also reduced with TAK-715 treatment. Moreover, TAK-715 significantly blocked the phosphorylation of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2), a p38 MAPK downstream molecule, during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Of importance, TAK-715 also markedly impeded the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and suppressed lipid accumulation during the adipocyte differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). Concisely, this is the first report that TAK-715 (10 μM) has potent anti-adipogenic effects on the adipogenesis process of 3T3-L1 cells and hASCs through the regulation of the expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, FAS, and perilipin A.
Investigating the Performance of selected Data Storage Concepts for AutomationML Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) engineering relies on the effective and efficient coordination and collaboration of participating engineers from various disciplines implying a proficient knowledge exchange between them. Au-tomationML (AML) provides a standardized, XML-based data format allowing to exchange engineering data, which receives more and more attention as an engineering data model. When using shared data exchange platforms, efficient data storage for AML models is success-critical in CPPS engineering. The purpose of this paper is to draft a novel, flexible evaluation framework in the context of AML model storage, modification, and retrieval and to evaluate two particular data storage paradigms, i.e., XML-(BaseX) and graph-based (Neo4J) databases. Based on a common best practice API, we developed a prototype solution enabling a flexible exchange of underlying data storage paradigms for AML models. We used an academic AML data set for the performance evaluation of two selected database engines for common storage tasks. First results showed that BaseX performs better for creating, updating, and deleting operations while Neo4J performs better for reading operations. While BaseX efficiently supports storing and retrieving AML models, we also observed querying limitations in the AML API. Nevertheless, in the context of AML data storage evaluations, the selected data sets, and the solution approach can be seen as an initial benchmark.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Development and characterization of serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies against the dengue virus-4 (DENV-4) non-structural protein (NS1)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The alignment of the sequences of the three complimentary determining regions (CDR1, CDR2, CDR3) of monoclonal antibodies 3H7A9, 8A6F2 and 6D4B10 showing they are distinct. (DOCX 14 kb)
Sport, Masculinities and Sexualities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1. Masculinities and Sexualities in Sport and Physical Cultures: Three Decades of Evolving Research 2. Josh Wears Pink Cleats: Inclusive Masculinity on the Soccer Field 3. Sport Fans' Impressions of Gay Male Athletes 4. Clubbing Masculinities: Gender Shifts in Gay Men's Dance Floor Choreographies 5. Men at Sport: Gay Men's Experiences in the Sport Workplace 6. Aren't We All a Little Bisexual?: The Recognition of Bisexuality in an Unlikely Place 7. The Benefits of Sexual Orientation Diversity in Sport Organizations 8. Mapping the Terrain of Homosexually-Themed Language 9. Homophobic and Sexist yet Uncontested: Examining Football Fan Postings on Internet Message Boards 10. An investigation of ethnicity as a variable related to US male college athletes' sexual-orientation behaviours and attitudes 11. Male Team Sport Hazing Initiations in a Culture of Decreasing Homohysteria
Thinking Things in German versus Swedish. A Cross‐Linguistic comparison of Verbs of Thinking in Two Genetically Close Languages.☆

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Against the backdrop of universality proposals claiming that all languages share the conceptualisation and expression of THINKING, this study comparatively investigates verbs of thinking (VOT) in German and Swedish. Particularly, it examines semantic specificity in VOT (the restricted availability of only one verb in a certain context), and the potential effect of two constraints (intersubjective verifiability; subjectivity). A contextualised choice task was conducted where German ( n = 30) and Swedish ( n = 30) native speakers had to indicate which of four verb(s) ( denken/glauben/meinen/finden; tänka/tro/tycka/mena ) are meaningful in a certain context. The results suggest that the German domain of VOT is less semantically specific than the Swedish one. Moreover, they indicate that both languages are sensitive to the subjectivity constraint: they exclusively allow for one specific verb ( finden/tycka ) when the VOT frames an utterance expressing a subjective opinion/assessment/evaluation. However, when the VOT frames a statement that other interactants can test for its truth (intersubjective verifiability), only Swedish appears to show semantic specificity, allowing exclusively for tro . German does not appear sensitive to this constraint as both denken/glauben/meinen are available. The finding that even genetically close languages show striking differences in VOT casts doubt on universality proposals in the domain of VOT.
Improved Security Evaluation of the Software by using PSSS based Security Analyzer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

After analyse the three security processes (CLASP, SDL AND PSSS) it has been selected that the PSSS as security approach to develop a secure project since of its advantages over the other two security processes.The most important objective of PSSS security process is to improve the effectiveness of software security projects.The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the security analysis of the given software and return a security report which allows programmers to take certain action based upon the outcomes.The main objective of this dissertation is to develop a secure application using PSSS process and the other objectives are-To integrate the each activity of each phase of PSSS in each phase of software development.This paper initiated security process by establishment of a security Engineering approach consisting of security activities forming a process to support the development of more secure software.The validation of the security model has been done by approach by developing a security report through analysis.Thus, one can make its product more secured by rewrite and replacing some security threats in secure manner.
Shipping strategies before, during and after 2008 financial crisis : a critical analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Shipping strategies are plans that are developed intentionally and carefully by the tanker shipping companies in preparation for the foreseeable market volatility. Shipping companies, like many other non-shipping companies, have adopted strategies that exist in three main levels which are corporate, business and functional levels. The performance of the firms, following the implementation of shipping strategies, are then be measured through the use of Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton, 1992), comprising of both financial and non-financial indicators. This paper aims to identify the shipping strategies adopted by tanker shipping companies before, during and after the 2008 Financial Crisis. In total, 3 interviewees who are holding managerial positions in their own tanker shipping companies have been interviewed. Through these interviews and annual reports, main shipping strategies which are categorised into corporate, business and functional strategies are consolidated according to different time periods. Comparison shows that big strategic reform has taken place during the different periods of financial crisis. After investigating the financial and non-financial performance of the companies, a direct relationship between adopted shipping strategy and company performance has been drawn. Aside from 2008 Financial Crisis, strategy-related factors and other external environmental factors are nominated by interviewees as the other determining factors in the relationship between strategy and performance. The result of this research shows that the relationship between shipping strategy and company performance is dynamic as it is influenced by multiple internal and external environmental factors.
Non-geostrophic wet Q-vector diagnostic analysis of a snow-storm in the north part of Ningxia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In order to use numerical predictive products effectively,to enhance the ability of explaining middle-scale numerical predictive(MM5)model, and improe short-term disaster weather forecast,a diagnosis of a heavy snow-storm from Jan.18 to Jan.19,2006 was made with the non-geostrophic wet Q-vector theory.The results show that the short wave trough at the 500 hPa,southly jet at the 700 hPa,converse trough,and cold front on the surface are the influencing systems.The region of heavy snow-storm has a good relation with Q divergence center or line.The region-magnitudes of Q frontogenesis function could be used to locate the snowfall area.The conclusion is that according to the positive big value area of the frontogenesis function the most heavy snowfall comes forth when the non-geostrophic wet Q-vector divergence positive minus value is at the side of rise.
Structural Significance of L Tectonites in the Eastern‐Central Laramie Mountains, Wyoming

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The formation of L tectonites is little understood and scarcely studied; however, it is probably an important part of plastic deformation in the crust. To improve our understanding of this strain phenomenon, I present a detailed case study of a kilometer‐wide domain of L tectonites developed in and around the ∼2.05‐Ga Boy Scout Camp Granodiorite (BSCG) in the Laramie Mountains, Wyoming. Detailed mapping and structural analyses allow for the reconstruction of the structural setting of this domain of apparent constrictional strain. Elongation lineations plunge moderately to the south‐southwest and lie parallel with both the local fold hinge lines and regional fold axes, whereas poles to foliation generally cluster in the northwest quadrant, roughly defining fold axial surfaces. Map‐scale folds are west‐northwest vergent, but at the outcrop and thin‐section scales, there is no evidence for a significant component of simple shear. Reconstruction of the orientation of contacts in and around the BSCG indicates that L tectonites have developed in the hinge zone of a large synform. Deformation fabrics die out to both the east and the west of the map area. These data indicate that the domain of L and $$\mathrm{L}\,> \mathrm{S}\,$$ tectonites is accommodating oblique extrusion of material parallel with the axis of folding between two relatively rigid crustal blocks. Correlation with other deformation fabrics in the central Laramie Mountains indicates that this structure probably developed during northwest‐directed contractional deformation during the 1.78–1.74‐Ga Medicine Bow orogeny.
Effects of terazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A pilot study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several reports in the literature suggest that alpha-receptor blockade may have therapeutic value in treating the symptoms of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Terazosin (Heitrin, Hytrin) is a long acting, highly selective alpha 1-adrenergic blocking agent structurally similar to prazosin. The present study, which also can be regarded as a pilot study, was undertaken as part of a multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of terazosin in the treatment of patients with BPH. This article presents the results with terazosin in the first 15 patients who completed a dose-ranging, non-comparative single-blind study. These preliminary results confirm that terazosin significantly improved peak as well as mean urine flow rates and significantly reduced residual volume and significantly improved obstructive symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p less than 0.001). The results of this study support the conclusion that terazosin is beneficial for treatment of symptoms in patients with BPH.
Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Isoquinoline and Pyrido[1,2-b]-isoquinoline Derivatives via Intramolecular Heck Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The palladium(0)-catalyzed reaction of derivatives of γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated esters bearing an N-(2-iodobenzoyl) substituent results in an intramolecular Heck reaction, the outcome of which depends on the structure of the substrate as well as on the experimental conditions. The methodology developed has been applied to the efficient syntheses of chiral isoquinoline and pyrido[1,2-b]–isoquinoline derivatives.
Nowjack-Raymer to Garcia correspondence and NIDCR terms and conditions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A correspondence between Dr. Ruth Nowjack-Raymer and Dr. Raul Garcia about planning for grant application and funding and general advice for Dr. Garcia's particular grant work. Attached is a copy of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Terms and Conditions from the time. The terms and conditions are for the award of 1U54DE014264-01 (PI: Dr. Raul Garcia) through Boston University. Section G Special Terms Specific for Each Center has highlighted sections and covers four projects: Oral health related quality of life in children and adolescents, decreasing rates of early childhood caries through health care, the effect of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and comprehensive dental intervention on weight of children, and microbiota of children with health disparities.
Bluff-Body Flow Control via Two Types of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this experimental study, dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators are used to control vortex shedding from circular cylinder models in uniform crossflow at a Reynolds number of ReD 85; 000. Circular cylinders in crossflow are chosen for study, since they represent a generic flow geometry that is similar in all essential aspects to a landing gear oleo or strut. The focus of the flow control is the elimination/minimization of the unsteady flow separation from the models and the associated large-scale wake vorticity. Two actuation strategies are used: spanwiseand streamwise-oriented plasma actuators. Global flow visualization, near-field microphone measurements, and detailed study of the near wake using laser Doppler velocimetry are presented in the paper. Both spanwise and streamwise actuators are shown to significantly suppress Karman shedding and provide nearfield unsteady pressurefluctuation reductions of 11.2 and 14.2 dB, respectively, within the frequency band associated with shedding.