jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bispectral Analysis of Parkinsonian Rest Tremor: New Characterization and Classification Insights Pre-/Post-DBS and Medication Treatment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: Rest tremor is one of the most common symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), with diagnosis and severity estimation often being hindered by the subjectivity of clinical methods and limitations of existing screening procedures. Hence, development of methods that can accurately describe properties of PD rest tremor, while accounting for the presence of possible ongoing treatments, such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and medication, are quite important. Methods: A Higher Order Spectrum (HOS)-based analysis for characterizing and classifying tremor severity and treatment effectiveness, taking into consideration its nonlinear characteristics, is proposed here. Bispectrum- and Bicoherence-based features are extracted from velocity signals recorded from 16 PD patients at their index finger. Two different scenarios are implemented and tested for feature characterization under various conditions of treatment. Moreover, a classification scheme was constructed to evaluate the ability of HOS-based features in accurately predicting the rest tremor level, i.e., Low Amplitude/High Amplitude (LAT/HAT), and the presence of treatment (medication/DBS On-Off). To avoid over-fitting, a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation procedure was adopted. Results: The proposed bispectral analysis resulted in area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUC) score of 0.96 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.89-1) with 0.91/0.88 Sensitivity/Specificity, respectively, for the On-Off classification for Medication treatment. For the DBS treatment, the proposed analysis resulted in an AUC score of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57-0.87), with 0.64/0.65 Sensitivity/Specificity, respectively. For LAT/HAT prediction, the best performing models yield scores of 1/0.93 for AUC/Accuracy metrics, with 1/0.86 Sensitivity/Specificity, respectively. Conclusions: When compared to the existing methods, the proposed methodology outperforms them regarding the prediction of LAT/HAT and treatment effectiveness. Additionally, our HOS-based methodology enables the establishment of new rest tremor classes, based on its nonlinearity and allows for new insights about the dynamic nature of the resting tremor production system. Significance: We propose a method that can effectively recognize rest tremor severity and assess the influence of medication and DBS. This study introduces, for the first time, nonlinearity-based classes for rest tremor and provides an accurate representation of tremor dynamics through HOS.
Legal Implications on Cancellation of Agreements Made Prior to Custody for Good Faith Land Buyers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the construction of the cancellation of the land purchase agreement and legal protection for the seller in land purchases before the custody. The study used statute, case, and conceptual approaches. It focuses on the concept of custody and good faith. After analyzing the relevant legal sources, it is known that, on the one hand, Article 447 of the Indonesian Civil Code allows for the retroactive application of the custody in some conditions: (1) the custody is due to unwise, mental disorder, and irrational; and (2) the reasons underlying the custody had existed at the time the legal action is taken. The implementation of Article 447 can cancel land purchases made before the custody. On the other hand, the state must protect the buyer’s principle of good faith even though the seller is an unauthorized person. Article 447 must be applied because (1) the Indonesian Civil Code is a positive law that must be enforced; (2) people who are placed under custody are more at risk of experiencing losses in land purchases, and (3) construction of good faith land buyers cannot be applied because there are fewer parties.
Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron on theFunctions of Rat Peritoneal Macrophages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and purpose: Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory effects. Macrophages are major cells that participate in inflammatory and immunity responses. The present study was performed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Saffron on rat peritoneal macrophages. Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted in two groups of male rats; an experimental and a control group. The animals in treatment group received hydro-alcoholic extract of Saffron for 4 constitutive weeks (400 mg/kg- daily, orally). The control rats received the same volume of distilled water. At the end of the study, macrophages were isolated from peritoneal cavity of rats and challenged with opsonized yeast. Then, the macrophages were evaluated for the rate of respiratory burst, nitric oxide production, and cytokine production using nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction assay, Griess test, and ELISA, respectively. Results: The results of stimulation of macrophages showed a significant decrease in respiratory burst (P<0.001) and nitric oxide production (P<0.01) in macrophages isolated from treatment groups compared to that in control rats. Nevertheless, the results of phagocytosis assay and vitality did not show any significant differences between macrophages in controls and treatment group. Moreover, Saffron caused a significant increase in production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 by macrophages isolated from treatment group (P<0.01). The level of pro-inflammatory IL-12 did not alter significantly. But, the IL-12 to IL-10 ratio decreased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: It seems that Saffron is a natural source to intervene the damages caused by inflammatory macrophages in immunopathological conditions.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While analytic philosophy claims that everything is subject to conceptual understanding, French philosophers are interested in that which cannot be conceived and therefore in attempting to grasp the unthinkable. There lays a disparity between absolute scepticism (Levinas, Derrida, Marion) and relative scepticism (Foucault, Deleuze, Badiou) regarding the notion of conceptual impossibilities. Nevertheless, this chapter argues that new concepts pertaining to the understanding of such impossibilities are always attainable. It also addresses some of the problems within the theories presented in the book, beginning with Derrida's deconstructions, Marion's divine incomprehensibility, and Deleuze's concept of repetition.
Effect of Actisil (Hydroplus™), organic supplements, and pH of the medium on the micropropagation of Vaccinium corymbosum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of commercial Hydroplus™ Actisil, coconut water, coconut milk, and pH of the WPM mediumon the micropropagation of V. corymbosum ‘Liberty’ was studied. Three experiments were performed withdifferent concentrations of silicon Hydroplus™ Actisil (Si), coconut water (CW), coconut milk (CM), anddifferent pH as a stress factor. Si was applied at a concentration of 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg dm–3. The highest explant (2.02 cm) with the highest number of new shoots (1.91) and fresh weight (55.16 g) was obtained on WPM medium with the addition of Si in concentration 200 mg dm–3. In experiment 2, similar to 0.1 mg dm–3 zeatin explant growth was achieved when 15% CW was added to the WPM medium (2.13 cm). The use of CM did not have a positive effect on blueberry growth in vitro. The results of experiment 3 indicated that explants of blueberry better developed when pH was lower (5.0) with the highest number of new shoots (2.85) and fresh weight (95.67g). However, there were no significant differences in plant height between pH used. The application of 200 mg dm–3 Actisil benefits the negative effect of higher pH of the WPM medium on micropropagation of blueberry in case of plant height, fresh weight, and biochemical parameters (proline, malondialdehyde – MDA and catalase – CAT activity).
Geographical and biological analysis of the water quality of Moravica spring in the Sokobanjska Moravica drainage basin, Serbia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we performed a geographical analysis of the Moravica spring locality in the Sokobanjska Moravica drainage basin in Serbia, as well as an analysis of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the water during a one-year period. The basic sanitary characteristics and physical, chemical, and biological parameters, necessary for understanding locality conditions, were studied, and the saprobity index, class of quality, O/H index, degree of saprobity, degree of trophicity, and category based on the phosphatase activity index (PAI) were determined. Our results point to the need for continual monitoring of the water quality in the spring locality.
MTFS: Merkle-Tree-Based File System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The blockchain technology has been changing our daily lives since Bitcoin - i.e., the first decentralized cryptocurrency - was invented and released as open-source software by an unidentified person or a group called Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Of many applications which can be implemented based on the blockchain, storage is an important one, a notable example of which is the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). IPFS is a distributed web based on a peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol to make the web faster, safer, and more open and focuses on public accessible files. To provide a solution for private file storage in the blockchain way, in this paper we propose a Merkle-tree-based File System (MTFS). In MTFS, the blockchain is more than a trust machine; it is an abstract of a cluster system. Distributed random nodes form a tree network cluster without a central controller to provide a secure private storage service and faster message propagation. Advance proxy re-encryption algorithm is applied to guarantee secure file exchanges under permission. Merkle tree will make sure that the files are distributed among the service nodes in a balanced way. The proposed MTFS can be used not only for personal file storage and exchange but also for industry requiring mutual trust in file uploading and downloading in making contracts like insurances.
IRAS Identification of Complete Samples of Cool Carbon Stars: Results for a Region in Carina

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Results for a near-infrared objective-prism survey for faint cool carbon stars in a Carina region centred at l = 290°, b = 0° are presented. A total of 37 identified carbon stars in area of about 16 square degrees were found, of which 4 are new discoveries. Accurate positions, IRAS identifications, infrared fluxes and colours, and associations of the stars in the sample axe given.
InfoSAGE: Usage Pattern of a Family-Centric Care Coordination Online Platform

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Globally, there is an expanding elderly population, and families are finding it increasingly challenging to coordinate care for their older family members. This paper reports on the usage patterns of InfoSAGE, an online private social network that has tools for communication and care coordination for elders and their families. This descriptive analysis describes the types of family networks using the platform and types of functionality most used by elders and their family members.
Purification of Histamine Receptor (VII) Reassessment of Specificity of Radioactive Dibenamine to Label H1 Receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In a foregoing paper (1), a method for labeling histamine Ht receptor with radioactive dibenamine in the smooth muscle of cat small intestine was proposed. We found 7 p moles bound dibenamine per mg protein of the total tissue homogenate and 40 p moles per mg protein of the plasma membrane fraction. This communication deals with reconsideration on the receptor specificity of this bound dibenamine or, more accurately, on the selectivity of Hi receptor. The procedure in the previous paper (1) involved ‘double protection’ which means the two-step application of protectors against dibenamine: the first protection was the usual one with protective antihistamine, promethazine, and the second was cross protection of non-specific sites with drugs having negligible antihistaminic actions in the doses used, thioridazine and atropine. Muscle strips protected with promethazine against non-radioactive dibenamine were treated with 3H-dibenamine in the presence of these second protectors. The second protectors were to cover non-specific sites which had been protected non-speciflcally with promethazine from non-radioactive dibenamine. The first non-radioactive dibenamine was 4 times higher in concentration than the second 3H-dibenamine.
A longitudinal person-centred investigation of commitment in newcomers to the military

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Organizational commitment is a force that binds individuals to their company through their desire, obligation, and need to stay. Employees who are committed to the organization are more likely to demonstrate higher engagement, greater satisfaction, and fewer intentions to leave their company. Research has also demonstrated that investigating how each of the three forms of commitment – affective, normative, and continuance – interact allows for better prediction of employee outcomes. Using person-centred approaches, previous research has shown that there are typically five to seven profiles of commitment, and that membership in these profiles has implications for employee behaviours. However, little research has examined how these profiles emerge and develop over time in samples of newcomers.\nThe current research used archival data collected by the Canadian Armed Forces to investigate the development of commitment over the first year of employment with the military. Two samples were analyzed – one cross-sectional sample of employees at the end of their Basic Training experience (N = 3998) and one longitudinal sample of participants undergoing Occupational Training (N = 636). A person-centred approach to data analysis was adopted.\nLatent profile analyses demonstrated a four-profile solution in the Basic Training sample and a six-profile solution in the Occupational Training sample. Further, a latent transition analysis in the longitudinal data showed that membership in commitment profiles was relatively stable over the six-month time lag. These profiles were examined in relation to a number of antecedents and outcomes, with results indicating that value fit and social support were significant predictors of profile membership, and that turnover intentions and levels of well-being differed across profiles.\nThese results have implications for person-centred commitment research. First, the differences in the profiles extracted in the Basic Training and Occupational Training samples suggest that time may be an important factor in the development of commitment. Further, results for the longitudinal sample suggested that, once profiles form, they become stable. This research validated previous findings on commitment profiles in military samples. Practical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Global Search Strategy for Periodic Orbit Near an Irregular Asteroid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

研究不规则小行星附近的自然周期轨道，有助于更好地认识小行星附近的动力学特性。周期轨道的搜索过程需要频繁地进行轨道递推，其中绝大多数的计算时间消耗在不规则小行星附近的引力加速度计算中。为提高加速度计算效率，提出一种不规则小行星引力加速度快速估计方法；在此基础上，通过参数空间内随机化粗略搜索获得周期轨道的初值猜想；利用遗传算法在初值猜想附近区间进行精细搜索，找到周期轨道的初值。通过对不规则小行星433 Eros附近周期轨道的搜索，对其附近不同形状的周期轨道进行了分类，分析周期轨道在小行星附近的分布规律。
Including power management strategies and load profiles in the mathematical optimization of energy storage sizing for fuel consumption reduction in maritime vessels

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Choosing the optimal type and size of energy storage for a given hybrid maritime vessels is challenging. Investment cost, fuel saving and energy storage expected life time will be affected by the choices. Furthermore, the optimum choices depend on the operation profile of the vessel as well as safety related constraints in different vessel mode of operations. In addition, the optimum power management strategy will be mode dependent as well as dependent on the type and size of onboard energy storage. Finally, the total system has to fulfill certain safety related rules and regulations that typically both favour the use of storage and set some constraints to the size and the utilization of the storage. In this paper we propose a mathematical optimisation model called OBLIVION that stands for "Optimised Battery Lifetime In Vessels Internal Operations and Networks". OBLIVION is created to support battery investment decisions. Beyond including battery degradation and desired battery lifetime in the choice, the model facilitates analysis of how the investment decisions change for different combinations of vessel operation modes. The key contribution of this paper is the proposed methodology to formulate technical and safety constraints, represent different vessel modes of operation and battery storage degradation in a way suitable for inclusion within mathematical optimisation models. Moreover, analyses that demonstrate how these features affect the storage investment decisions are presented. Mathematical formulations of constraints such as closed and open bus-tie breaker operation, true spinning reserve requirements as well as spinning reserve provided by batteries are included as well.
Expanding techniques for minimally invasive mitral repair: the transaxillary access—a new kid on the block

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Expanding techniques for minimally invasive mitral repair: the transaxillary access—a new kid on the block Get access Nikolaos Bonaros, Nikolaos Bonaros Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Corresponding author. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Tel: +43 512 504 22501; e-mail: nikolaos.bonaros@i-med.ac.at (N. Bonaros). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-5812 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel Höfer, Daniel Höfer Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ludwig Müller, Ludwig Müller Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Grimm Michael Grimm Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Volume 64, Issue 1, July 2023, ezad266, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezad266 Published: 25 July 2023 Article history Published: 25 July 2023 Corrected and typeset: 28 July 2023
Alcohol-induced Pain Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Bronchus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BRITISHacting penicillin.It will be important to decide to what extent each of these drugs is benefiting the treated group.We know that the chloroquine is effective (Table II), and we know clinic- ally that whenever a patient has a positive slide for malaria it has either been preceded or followed by a fall of up to 2 g./100 ml. in the haemoglobin value.In the meantime we feel justified in advocating that children with sickle-cell anaemia should be seen regularly, possibly at special clinics, and treated routinely with antimalarial chemo- prophylaxis if they live in a malaria zone.For the present we reserve judgment on the place of long-acting penicillin. SUMMARYThe results of a long-term chemoprophylactic trial of chloroquine and long-acting penicillin in homozygous sickle- cell anaemia at the Mulago Hospital, Kampala, show that those patients under 6 years old followed for 10 months or more who received chloroquine and long-acting penicillin had a significantly (P<0.01)lower rate of dactylitis and higher average haemoglobin value (P<0.02)than patients in a control group receiving only a placebo.In addition, the therapy probably reduced the tendency for the haemoglobin to fall.It is recommended that children with sickle-cell anaemia in malarious zones should be treated with suitable chemoprophylactic doses of chloroquine and followed at special clinics, if possible, at least in the early years of life.The role of long-acting penicillin is not yet clear and studies are in progress to try to clarify this.
Employment equity and minority legislation in the UK after two decades: a review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Examines employment equity legislation, initially introduced in the UK during the 1970s, along with separate legislation covering sex, race, religion and disability, together with separate enforcement bodies, and separate geographical arrangements in Britain and in Northern Ireland. Notes the role of European Community Law which takes precedence over UK law and increasingly dictates legislation changes. Claims that the period since the 1970s has witnessed growing levels of unemployment, along with a focus on de‐regulation of labour markets. Most British empirical work focuses on explaining earnings differentials using the standard Mincer human capital model with comparative neglect of employment equality issues. The fundamental question is to what extent has employment equity legislation been successful in removing labour market discrimination against minority groups. Uses a cross‐section of data from the 1994 labour force survey to attempt to explain differences in employability across various groups and to analyse the degree of occupational segregation across these same groups which remain after nearly 20 years of experience of employment equity legislation. Reviews the legislation and then estimates first, logit equations to explain employability and second, ordered probit equations to explain occupational attainment, in each case decomposing the results in order to estimate the proportion of the differential which may be explained by “discrimination”.
Colour‐naming behavior among bilingual Malayalam‐English speakers: Evidence from English narrative discourse

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Through an unconstrained colour‐naming task, researchers have found that bilinguals possess greater colour vocabulary knowledge than monolinguals. In the current study, we explore the colour‐naming behavior of bilinguals in spontaneous speech scenarios. The native language of these bilinguals holds complex colour labels for most of the colours, for which the second language holds only basic colour terms. For this purpose, a story narration task was developed where eight stories were designed with elementary and mixed colour conditions. Two groups of participants took part in the study: (a) 44 monolingual speakers and (b) 32 Malayalam‐English bilinguals. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that there were clear colour label differences between the basic colour terms in English and Malayalam and those labeled by bilingual speakers. Bilingual speakers use translation equivalents of Malayalam colour terms for English colours.