jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electric fields and substrates dramatically accelerate spin relaxation in graphene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electrons in graphene are theoretically expected to retain spin states much longer than most materials, making graphene a promising platform for spintronics and quantum information technologies. Here, in this work, we use first-principles density-matrix (FPDM) dynamics simulations to show that interaction with electric fields and substrates strongly enhances spin relaxation through scattering with phonons. Consequently, the relaxation time at room temperature reduces from microseconds in free-standing graphene to nanoseconds in graphene on the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrate, which is the order of magnitude typically measured in experiments. Further, inversion symmetry breaking by hBN introduces a stronger asymmetry in electron and hole spin lifetimes than predicted by the conventional D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) model for spin relaxation. Deviations from the conventional DP model are stronger for in-plane spin relaxation, resulting in out-of-plane to in-plane lifetime ratios much greater than 1/2 with a maximum close to the Dirac point. These FPDM results, independent of symmetry-specific assumptions or material-dependent parameters, also validate recent modifications of the DP model to explain such deviations. Overall, our results indicate that spin-phonon relaxation in the presence of substrates may be more important in graphene than typically assumed, requiring consideration for graphene-based spin technologies at room temperature.
PROPERTIES OF COHERENT MATTER-WAVE BUBBLES

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently we have proposed a method to create thin matter-wave bubbles from coherent atoms trapped in a magnetic potential. In this article we discuss in detail some properties of these states. In particular, we numerically and analytically investigate the Wigner function to demonstrate their non-classical nature. Furthermore, we study the energy and lifetime of the bubbles, which are long-lived resonances in a radio frequency-induced adiabatic potential, and illustrate how they can be transformed into excited eigenstates of the original harmonic trapping potential.
Radio Rhythm Club: Race, Authenticity, and the British Swing Boom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 5 focuses on the program Radio Rhythm Club (RRC) and its participation in discourses surrounding race and authenticity in jazz, as well as its role in popularizing swing in Britain. First broadcast in June 1940, the program signaled the BBC's recognition of jazz as a distinct musical genre, its developing sense that jazz enthusiasts were connoisseurs, and its interest in serving young men, a crucial wartime audience. The series featured an array of informative gramophone records recitals, live performances, and jam sessions, providing a legitimizing, mainstream site for British rhythm club discourse and improvised performance. Its house bandleader, Parry, played a key role in popularizing swing in Britain. RRC also represented an important site where the creativity of African American and black British musicians was taken seriously, and it offered regular representations of interracial music making.
Contract Law, Liability Rules, and Property Rules

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Calabresi and Melamed’s concepts of property rules and liability rules apply to contractual entitlements. The structure of consumer’s contractual entitlements resulting from the consumer sales directive fits with the model of property rules. In keeping with such a model, whenever performance-oriented remedies are not available, consumers should be allowed to choose between expectation damages and disgorgement damages.
Nasal decontamination for the prevention of surgical site infection in Staphylococcus aureus carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is currently limited rigorous RCT evidence available regarding the clinical effectiveness of nasal decontamination in the prevention of SSI. This limitation is specific to the focused question our review addresses, looking at nasal decontamination as a single intervention in participants undergoing surgery who are known S aureus carriers. We were only able to identify two studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review and one of these was very small and poorly reported. The potential benefits and harms of using decontamination for the prevention of SSI in this group of people remain uncertain.
Conceptual structures and computational methods for indexing and organization of visual information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of automatic indexing and organization of visual information through user interaction at multiple levels. Our work focuses on the following three important areas: (1) understanding of visual content and the way users search and index it; (2) construction of flexible computational methods that learn how to automatically classify images and videos from user input at multiple levels; (3) integration of generic visual detectors in solving practical tasks in the specific domain of consumer photography.
In particular, we present the following: (1) novel conceptual structures for classifying visual attributes (the Multi-Level Indexing Pyramid ); (2) a novel framework for learning structured visual detectors from user input (the Visual Apprentice); (3) a new study of human eye movements in observing images of different visual categories; (4) a new framework for the detection of non-identical duplicate consumer photographs in an interactive consumer image organization system; (5) detailed study of duplicate consumer photographs.
In the Visual Apprentice (VA), first a user defines a model via a multiple-level definition hierarchy (a scene consists of objects, object-parts, etc.). Then, the user labels example images or videos based on the hierarchy (a handshake image contains two faces and a handshake) and visual features are extracted from each example. Finally, several machine learning algorithms are used to learn classifiers for different nodes of the hierarchy. The best classifiers and features are automatically selected to produce a Visual Detector (e.g., for a handshake), which is applied to new images or videos.
In the human eye tracking experiments we examine variations in the way people look at images within and across different visual categories and explore ways of integrating eye tracking analysis with the VA framework.
Finally, we present a novel framework for the detection of non-identical duplicate consumer images for systems that help users automatically organize their collections. Our approach is based on a multiple strategy that combines knowledge about the geometry of multiple views of the same scene, the extraction of low-level features, the detection of objects using the VA and domain knowledge.
Arthroscopic Radiocarpal Tendinous Inter-Position for Grade 2 Scapholunate Advanced Collapse – Surgical Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Grade 2 scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC 2) can be treated by proximal row carpectomy with satisfactory results. However, this method is invasive and can limit function. The senior author had proposed an arthroscopic alternative with tendon interposition between the radius and proximal carpal row (arthroscopic interposition tendon arthroplasty [AITA]). However, this arthroscopic technique is technically difficult and requires a risky palmar arthroscopic portal. We report a modification of AITA, the one-loop arthroscopic radiocarpal tendon inter-position (1L-ARTI) that is simpler and needs only dorsal arthroscopic portals. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Womb for rent: Surrogative Mothers: Religious, Ethical, Legal and Social Prospective in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Surrogacy is becoming a trend in many developing countries in the West as well as in India. The trend may be introduced in Malaysia due to many influential factors such as the mass media and celebrities namely Nicole Kidman and Shah Rukh Khan. Therefore, it is vital for us to understand the basic knowledge of Malaysian with regard to religious and ethical views on surrogacy because these determine the growth of trend with respect to surrogacy. If surrogacy is to be made commercialised in Malaysia, it is also important to take into account the different criterion needed in making the pregnancy healthy up to child birth and hence reduce the mortality and morbidity rate. Lastly, the outcome of this research also supports the need of legislation improvement on surrogacy because there are many repercussion of surrogacy that may arise due to the many debates that may arise throughout or after the service of surrogacy. There is no clear indication or law against surrogacy in Malaysia. However, it is stated in Fatwa whereby the act of surrogacy is forbidden among Muslims. Majority of medical practitioners are oblivious to the law enforced against surrogacy as it is not known to be a major issue. Ethical views regarding surrogacy shows that majority of the medical practitioners believe that the act of surrogacy is unethical. Hence, from the finding of religious and ethical perspectives on surrogacy shows that these aspects contribute to the low acceptance of surrogacy in Malaysia.
Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Moringa oleifera: Extraction Yield, Content of Bioactive Compounds, and Biological Effects In Vitro

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize the extraction yield, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity from Moringa oleifera. The four UAE factors, solvent ratio (A), solvent–solid ratio (B), extraction temperature (C), and extraction time (D), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for the experimental design. The optimal conditions were found to be a 50% v/v solvent ratio, a 30% v/w solvent–solid ratio, 35 °C extraction temperature, and 45 min extraction time. The experimental value of extraction yield (R1), TFC (R2), TPC (R3), and DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity (R4) (87.99% w/w, 56.63 mg QE/g extract, 97.26 mg GAE/g extract, and 93.32% inhibition, respectively) agreed with those predicted by RSM models (88.10% w/w, 56.61 mg QE/g extract, 97.16 mg GAE/g extract, and93.38% inhibition, respectively), thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the ability of the RSM to optimize the extraction conditions. Excellent DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity was exhibited by M. oleifera compared with the standard, sitagliptin. While the modeled equation fits the data, the t-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the RSM–BBD
Bio-based plastics – a sustainable solution to plastic pollution

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Global annual plastic production is &gt;410 × 106 tonnes with an annual rate increase of 4%; most of this plastic is non-biodegradable. Bio-based plastics (also known as bioplastics) are formed from polymers created from renewable or recycled raw materials, making them part of a sustainable plastic life cycle and part of a circular economy. Their production uses carbon-neutral energy and products are recycled at their end of life (EOL). Thus, they stand as an alternative to the current global plastic waste problem (&gt;80% goes to landfill). Bio-based plastics can have a lower carbon footprint than conventional plastics, their materials properties can be advantageous, they are compatible with current recycling streams and biodegradation as EOL is also an option for some. Some challenges include having a larger production of bio-based plastics by gene-edited microorganisms and an improvement in the chemical and biological methods of recycling (upcycling) to process larger volumes and create higher-quality materials. Also, policy is important for the clear identification of bio-based plastics and their acceptance by creating financial incentives for their upscaling.
‘I’d never cook it now’: an exploration of intergenerational transference and its role in facilitating family food sustainability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to develop a deeper understanding of what (un)sustainable food behaviours and values are transmitted across generations, to what extent this transference happens and the sustainability challenges resulting from this for individuals and households. Design/methodology/approach A total of 25 semi-structured in-depth interviews are analysed regarding the value of inherited food, family food rituals, habits and traditions, aspects of food production and understanding of sustainability. Findings Intergenerational transferences are significant in shaping (un)sustainable consumption throughout life, and those passed-on behaviours and values offer opportunities for lifelong sustainable change and food consumption reappraisal in daily life, beyond early years parenting and across diverse households. Research limitations/implications Participants were limited to British families, although the sample drew on multiple ethnic heritages. Future research could study collectivist versus more individualistic cultural influence; explore intergenerational transference of other diverse households, such as multigeneration or in rural and urban locations, or whether sustainable crossover derived from familial socialisation continues into behaviours and values beyond food. Practical implications The findings show the importance of families and intergenerational transference to the embedding of sustainable consumption behaviours. Mundane family life is a critical source of sustainable learning, and marketers should prioritise understanding of the context and relationships that drive sustainable consumer choices. Opportunities for intentional and unintentional sustainable learning exist throughout life, and marketers and policymakers can both disrupt unsustainable and encourage sustainable behaviours with appropriate interventions, such as nostalgic or well-being communications. The paper sheds light on flexible sustainable identities and how ambivalence or accelerated lives can deflect how policy messages are received, preventing sustainable choices. Originality/value The findings provide greater understanding about the mechanisms responsible for the sustainable transformation of consumption habits, suggesting intergenerational transferences are significant in shaping (un)sustainable food consumption throughout life. The study shows secondary socialisation can play a critical role in the modification of early behaviour patterns of food socialisation. The authors found individuals replicate food behaviours and values from childhood, but through a process of lifelong learning, can break formative habits, particularly with reverse socialisation influences that prioritise sustainable behaviours.
Therapeutic effect of Yuyang liquid(愈疡液) on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To research the therapeutic effect of Yuyang liquid on the chronic ulcerative colitis(UC) model of rats. Methods Eight per cent acetic acid was infused into the UC model of rats through anus.All the rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: normal dose group,booster dose group,salicylazosulfapryridine(SASP) group (control group),NS group (placebo control group). All the rats received enema daily for 20 days. Histological scoring was carried out for assessment of the therapeutic effect of Yuyang liquid. Liver function was assessed in all rats. Results The effect of normal dose group was better than that of SASP group ( P 0.01), and there was no statistic difference between booster dose group and SASP group ( P 0.05).Conclusion Yuyang Liquid has a curative effect on UC treatment.
Health and Nutritional Status of Village Boys 6-11 Years Old in Southern Tunisia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health and Nutritional Status of Village Boys 6–11 Years Old in Southern Tunisia Get access FRANK W. LOWENSTEIN, M.D., FRANK W. LOWENSTEIN, M.D. National Centerfor Health Statistics, Division of Health Examination Statistics, U.S. Public Health Service5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DANIEL E. O'CONNELL DANIEL E. O'CONNELL National Centerfor Health Statistics, Division of Health Examination Statistics, U.S. Public Health Service5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 23, Issue 2, April 1977, Pages 66–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/23.2.66 Published: 01 April 1977
Identification of the Causes of Students’ Low Achievement in the Subject of English

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was aimed to find out the Causes of Students’ low achievement in the subject of English at Secondary Level. The main objectives of the study were: To analyze the results of the students in the subject of English at Secondary level. To identify the role of curriculum in students’ low achievement in the subject of English at Secondary level. To analyze the role of teachers in students low achievement in the subject of English at Secondary level. To identify the impact of environment on low achievement of students in the subject of English at Secondary level. The questionnaire was pilot tested before they were administered to sample. After collection, interpretation and analysis of data the researcher make recommendations for the stakeholders and general public. The study was delimited to 52 government high schools in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Questionnaire was the tool of data collection. The results show that Traditional oriented curriculum, incompetent English language teachers and harsh classrooms environment are the causes of student’s low achievement in English. The researcher recommends that market oriented curriculum, competent English language teachers and conducive classrooms environment will improve the achievement level of the students in the subject of English.
Study on Antibacterial Substances of Bacillus subtilis CG which was Isolated from the Surface of Apostichopus Japonicus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The strain of Bacillus subtilis CG was isolated and purified from the surface of Apostichopus japonicus.Cross-streak method and Paper disk method was used in the antagonism experiment and Vibrio splendidus was tested as pathogens in it.The secreted substance of Bacillus subtilis CG was strongly antibiotic to Vibrio splendidus.The substance was studied by n-butanol extraction,TLC detection,color reaction,ultraviolet scan and infrared spectroscopic analysis.It was supposed that the antibiotic substance was aminoglycoside compound.
Backstepping Integral Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Based Fault-tolerant Control of Dual-motor Synchronous Anti-backlash Servo System with Extended State Observer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering the actuator failures of the dual-motor synchronous anti-backlash servo system, this paper proposes a robust fault-tolerant control strategy to ensure the system stable operation when the above faults occur. Firstly, the position controller is designed by the backstepping integral nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method with a double power reaching law. To avoid the excessive control value caused by the derivation process, the reference position signal is smoothed by a command-filter. Meanwhile, the linear extended state observer is introduced to compensate the whole disturbance of the system which improves the robustness ability of the system. Secondly, an adaptive torque distribution controller is designed to solve the motor actuator failures. When one side motor failure is detected, the controller can adaptively change the proportional gain of the motor torque/current command to guarantee the system can still work normally in the single motor driving condition. The co-simulation experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Aggregation readiness platelet at the students training in section of hand-to-hand fight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At the young fight by hands section in the 18-22 years old revealed the stability of the functional activity of platelets. In this age the platelet's aggregation was low and associated with sensitivity of platelets to external factors. Low activity of platelets provides a low number of various sizes of aggregates in the bloodstream. All this factors has a positive effect on the circulation of blood in the body of young fight by hands section.
CREATION, REVELATION, AND THE ANALOGY THEORY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article CREATION, REVELATION, AND THE ANALOGY THEORY Get access K. SURIN K. SURIN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXXII, Issue 1, April 1981, Pages 401–422, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXXII.1.401 Published: 01 April 1981
WISE Mid-Infrared Properties of compact Active Galactic Nuclei selected from the high-radio-frequency AT20G Survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Past studies of compact active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the dominant population at high radio frequencies, selected them using flat spectral index criteria. This biases the sample due to the steepening of AGN spectra at high radio frequencies. We improve upon this by selecting 3610 compact AGNs using their angular size information ($\sim$0.15 arcsec scale) from the Australia Telescope 20 GHz (AT20G) high-angular-resolution catalogue. We cross-match these against the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer All-WISE catalogue and present a catalogue with 3300 (91%) matches, 91 (3%) rejects and 219 (6%) nondetections that are excellent high redshift candidates. Of the matched compact AGNs, 92% exhibit QSO mid-infrared colours (W1-W2>0.5). Therefore, our sample of high frequency compact sources has a very high rate of identification with mid-infrared QSOs. We find counterparts for 88% of 387 compact steep-spectrum (CSS) sources in the AT20G survey, 82%$\pm$5% of which exhibit QSO mid-infrared colours and have moderate redshifts (median redshift = 0.82), while those dominated by host galaxy colours in mid-infrared have lower redshifts (median redshift = 0.13). The latter classified into late- and early-type galaxies using their mid-infrared colours shows a majority (68%$\pm$4%) have colours characteristic of late-type galaxies. Thus, we find that a larger fraction of these CSS sources are embedded in hosts with higher gas densities than average early-type galaxies. We compare mid-infrared colours of our AGNs against those reported for AGNs primarily selected using non-radio techniques. This shows that mid-infrared SED of high frequency selected compact radio AGN is comparatively less red, possibly due to contributions from their hosts.
“All that glitters is not gold”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 63-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency room (ER) with complaints of sudden onset of palpitation for the last 1 hour. He denied any presyncope or syncope. He was tachycardic with pulse rate of 120 beats per minute. His blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was taken. What is the likely diagnosis?