jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of gender-focused human resource management on performance: The mediating effects of gender diversity

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Gender-focused human resource policies and practices signal an organization’s perspective on gender diversity. The signal produces perceptions that the organization values gender diversity leading to a gender-diverse workforce. In turn, a gender-diverse workforce provides a firm with a competitive advantage that should result in higher performance. This paper tests the mediating effects of gender diversity (at non-management and management levels) in the relationship between gender-focused policies and practices and performance. The findings indicate that non-management gender diversity partially mediates the relationship between gender-focused policies and practices and productivity, and management gender diversity partially mediates the relationship between gender-focused policies and practices and perceived market performance. The results have several theoretical, research and practical implications.
Exploring the Influence of Transformational Leadership on Educational Outcomes in Muhammadiyah Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transformational educational leadership is pivotal in the advancement of Muhammadiyah Schools, which aim to promote empowerment and social change as Islamic educational institutions. This research investigates the practices and effects of transformational educational leadership within Muhammadiyah schools. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data were gathered through comprehensive interviews with principals, teachers, and staff from various Muhammadiyah schools in select regions. The analysis shows that transformational educational leadership in these schools is marked by a strong dedication to reinforcing Islamic identity, improving educational quality, and encouraging positive social change. School leaders serve as change agents, motivating and empowering staff and students to reach broader educational objectives. They employ inclusive and participatory methods, rooted in Islamic values, for decision-making and policy development. The effects of transformational educational leadership are evident in academic enhancement, character development, and the instillation of Islamic values-based character. Furthermore, fostering an inclusive and empowering school culture leads to harmonious relationships among the schools, students, teachers, and the community. This study offers a deeper insight into the role and practices of transformational educational leadership in Muhammadiyah schools. The practical implications highlight the necessity of bolstering leadership and credibility founded on Islamic values to improve educational quality and make meaningful societal contributions.
Teaming Up for Safe Deliveries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Human error and team communication failures are widely known causes of health care-related death and injury. Checklists have dramatically improved teamwork and reduced adverse outcomes. Some obstetric checklists exist; however, none are designed as predelivery briefing tools to facilitate team communication. We propose a vaginal delivery checklist identifying patients at risk for common obstetric emergencies and prospectively guiding team actions based on evidence-based interventions. METHODS: Checklist items were derived from American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendations and relevant literature indexed in MEDLINE and CINAHL. For content validity, expert nurses and physicians at two sites rated items. The revised vaginal delivery checklist was piloted at multiple sites to determine usefulness and feasibility. RESULTS: Despite items arising directly from standards of care and published evidence, there were notable discordances between expert care providers regarding both risk factors and interventions. Using Cronbach's α, areas with the least consensus among disciplines were interventions for shoulder dystocia (0.37), interventions for postpartum hemorrhage (0.63), and risk factors and interventions for neonatal resuscitation (0.31). Delivery teams rated the vaginal delivery checklist (7=highest endorsement) easy to use (mean=6.0), convenient (mean=4.9), and helpful (mean=4.5). Most (72%) teams took less than 2 minutes and 89% required no more than 3 minutes to complete the vaginal delivery checklist. CONCLUSION: Discordancy between expert care providers for well-documented evidence-based risks and interventions indicate a need for a predelivery checklist to improve team communication. The vaginal delivery checklist was rated highly by delivery teams as easy, convenient, and helpful. The vaginal delivery checklist is an innovative checklist that can improve teamwork, standardize practices, and prevent catastrophic outcomes.
The Building Decarbonization in High-Density Cities: Challenges and Solutions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Decarbonization of buildings is an imperative and challenging task. Beyond the common challenges associated with building decarbonization, those in high-density urban areas also face technical challenges due to geographical conditions and resource endowments. As decarbonization practices deepen, it has been found that reliance on conventional methods is fraught with difficulties, primarily due to the high proportion of incremental costs involved. This review study explores methods not widely incorporated into existing building energy efficiency standards but which hold the potential for aiding decarbonization. It advocates for a synergistic strategy involving surrounding infrastructure such as power and other building energy systems, innovative low-carbon building materials, and greenery to facilitate this transition.
How sex changed: a history of transsexuality in the United States

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

How Sex Changed is a fascinating social, cultural and medical history of transsexuality in the United States. Joanne Meyerowitz tells a powerful human story about people who had a deep and unshakable desire to transform their bodily sex. In the last century when many challenged the social categories and hierarchies of race, class and gender, transsexuals questioned biological sex itself, the category that seemed most fundamental and fixed of all. From early 20th-century sex experiments in Europe, to the saga of Christine Jorgensen, whose change surgery made headlines in 1952, to today's growing transgender movement, Meyerowitz gives us the first serious history of transsexuality. She focuses on the stories of transsexual men and women themselves, as well as a large supporting cast of doctors, scientists, journalists, lawyers, judges, feminists and gay liberationists, as they debated the big questions of medical ethics, nature versus nurture, self and society, and the scope of human rights. In this story of transsexuality, Meyerowitz shows how new definitions of sex circulated in popular culture, science, medicine and the law, and she elucidates the tidal shifts in our social, moral and medical beliefs over the 20th century, away from sex as an evident biological certainty and toward an understanding of sex as something malleable and complex. How Sex Changed is an intimate story that illuminates the very changes that shape our understanding of sex, gender and sexuality today.
Natural Supports in the Workplace: The Jury is Still Out

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The concept of natural supports was formally introduced to the field of supported employment in 1988. Since then, natural supports have been incorporated into supported employment policy as an extended service in the 1992 Rehabilitation Act Amendments. At the same time, numerous definitions of natural supports, as well as, strategies based on the concept of natural supports have been suggested. Considering the potential impact of natural supports on both supported employment policy and practice, we conducted a review of the research literature to document the contributions of strategies based on the concept of natural supports to supported employment. Although findings indicated a number of promising strategies, research is still needed. Results are discussed in terms of separating the concept of natural supports from strategies based on the concept of natural supports, future research areas, and the potential problems of having natural supports as policy without empirical support for practice.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Dynamic correlations in a classical two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet’ ”

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a recent publication [Wysin and Bishop, Phys. Rev. B 42, 810 (1990)], we incorrectly derived the condition that the wave-vector- and time-dependent dynamic structure function S(q,t) for isotropic Heisenberg magnets should satisfy dS(q,t)/dt${\mathrm{|}}_{\mathrm{t}=0}$=0. In the preceding Comment by Brown, it has been pointed out that the derivation did not preserve the spin commutation relations. However, the above quantity is correctly determined by a sum of three-point spin correlations, 〈${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{n}}^{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{y}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{m}\ensuremath{'}}^{\mathrm{z}}$〉, which we show are all identically zero in any number of space dimensions. Therefore, the condition is valid, and indeed implies that a sum of Lorentzians cannot be used to fit the frequency-dependent dynamic correlation function S(q,\ensuremath{\omega}).
Michael Chekhov’s acting technique through the lens of a classical singer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research questions: 1. In what ways is Michael Chekhov’s acting technique beneficial to classical singers portraying characters from operas in terms of the aspect of interpretation and acting, the aspect of mental preparation before a performance and the aspect of vocal projection? 2. Are there specific concepts of the technique that are especially relevant to classical singers and why? Summary of the results of the research: In terms of interpretation and acting, Michael Chekhov’s acting technique turned out to be very helpful to the singers. By exercising Chekhov’s concept, they acquired a sense of clarity to their character and a physical and psychological understanding. In terms of mental preparation, the singers felt like they gained tools in calming the mind, achieving a feeling of ease. And that in general, by moving the focus from the intellectual and to the body is a great antidote for nervousness. In terms of vocal projection, all the singers agreed that their vocal performance improved when they sang their aria the second time when they implemented Chekhov’s elements while performing the aria. There were differences of opinion among the singers as to which concepts of Chekhov’s were the most beneficial. Questionnaire and discussions though brought to light that the quality of radiation and the feeling of ease appealed particularly well to the singers. I believe that the reason for that is that these qualities create an ideal physical state to sing. The feeling of ease creates a sense of ground, openness, calmness and at the same time alertness. The quality of radiation gives off a strong feeling of confidence, power, and freedom. The act of singing requires physical strength but without creating excessive tension in the body. Healthy singing requires being both firm and soft, which is achieved with both concepts.
Morbidity Profile, Healthcare Utilization and Associated out of Pocket Expenditure on Health among Elderly Population of Lucknow District, Northern India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study and assess the morbidities occurring in an elderly person, the pattern of their healthcare utilization and the expenditure they incur during the process of receiving treatment. Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 404 elderly participants from both the urban and rural parts of Lucknow.The elderly participants were interviewed with the help of a pretested questionnaire.The data was collected on morbidity profile, healthcare utilization and associated expenditure by elderly.Results: Most common single chronic disease entity was hypertension (20.5%), and the most common group of morbidities were dental (18.8%), orthopedics (17.3%) and cardiovascular (11.8%) in that order.The proportion of those utilizing Inpatient care, out-patient care, Outpatient dental care, AYUSH care and self-medication was 32.9%, 62.9%, 20.7%, 36.4% and 35.6% respectively.Total mean out of pocket expenditure on health among participants from the urban and rural area was INR 7842.25 (SD 9067.97) and INR 6034.82 (SD 9566.45)respectively. Conclusion:The out of pocket expenditure among the elderly was much higher than per capita health expenditure of the country.
A Study on Framing Techniques of Landscape Assessment Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process - The Assessment on the Landscape Control Points -

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study creates the LCP (Landscape Control Point) through the survey of spot sites for the quality of landscape assessment, which is based on an objective and departmentalized data base; the landscape assessment was achieved by production of weight value with the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique, selection of requisites for the landscape assessment with the IVERSON method and visual area analysis with GIS (Geographic Information System). Futhermore, validity of the landscape assessment was verified by analysis of the correlation between physical amount and aesthetic amount. The purpose of this study is to suggest the basic essential data for landscape assessment and landscape planning by the characteristics of landscape based on verification of the suggested landscape assessment methods. The results of this study are summarized below. 1. In the adaptation of landscape assessment using GIS, the landscape assessment points of LCP 18, 17 and 16, which have more visible elements such as hill area, mountain area, and forest and farm land, were indicated to be higher than the others. In contrast, the landscape assessment points of LCP 13, 6 and 10, which have less visible elements, were relatively lower than the others. 2. In the visible preference measuring method, LCP 4, 14, and 16 showed high points of landscape assessment with 3.46, 3.4, and 3.18 each. With the more natural environments such as hill area, mountain area, and forest and farm land, higher results were shown. In contrast, LCP 7, 1, and 9 showed low points of landscape assessment with 2.24, 2.36, and 2.53 each. 3. In this study, a coefficient of 0.746 was gained by the analysis of correlation between the points of landscape assessment method and the points of visual preference from a slide show. This has 99 percent of probability in statistical data. 4. In conclusion, with the demonstration of the correlation between the landscape assessment method based on the AHP technique and the aesthetic amount (preference proportion), the practical use of landscape assessment can be demonstrated by the suggested landscape assessment method.
The role of initiator caspases in post-activation T cell survival

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Death receptors directly activate caspases through recruitment of the adapter protein FADD and caspase-8, which initiates apoptosis. Viral FLIP proteins (vFLIP) interfere with apoptosis signaling by death-domain containing receptors in the TNF-receptor superfamily. We show that T cell-specific transgenic expression of MC159 vFLIP inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis in thymocytes and peripheral T cells. However vFLIP expression also impairs post-activation survival of in vitro activated primary T cells in a cell-autonomous fashion in response to IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. To determine the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, we have examined cytokine signal transduction and examined the effect of the vFLIP transgene and pharmacological caspase inhibitors on cytokine signal transduction and global gene expression profiling. We have identified a defect downstream of protein kinase B, upregulation of pro-apoptotic molecules, and dysregulation of cell cycle genes as hallmarks of caspase inhibition in activated T cells.
Comparison of Effectiveness of the Novel Periosteal Pedicle Graft Technique with Coronally Advanced Flap for the Treatment of Long‐Span Unesthetic Multiple Gingival Recession Defects

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction Multiple gingival recession defects (MGRD) are considered a complex clinical scenario; therefore, recent scientific evidence suggests the need for further clinical research for treating MGRD. While coronally advanced flap (CAF) is an established procedure for the effective management of MGRD, its success is limited in terms of long‐term stability. The periosteal pedicle graft (PPG) has been drawing considerable attention as a treatment modality for managing gingival recession defects (GRD) owing to its immense regenerative potential and has shown promising results. Case Series Thirty‐five patients, with maxillary MGRD in the age group of 25 to 40 years were randomly divided into PPG (test) and CAF (control) groups. The percentage of root coverage along with mean change in probing depth (PD), gingival thickness (GT), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) and width of attached gingiva (WAG) were recorded, at baseline and after 1 year. Patient satisfaction criteria were also compared, and the results were analyzed statistically. Conclusion After 1 year, the test group had 91.3% defect coverage while the control group had 76.3% defect coverage. PPG was more predictable than CAF in terms of percent root coverage with superior esthetic outcomes for the treatment of MGRD.
Clinically guided use of Cardiac CT in Valvular heart diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Valvular heart diseases are one of the central topics of echocardiography and general cardiology. Recent advances like 3D echo and deformation imaging have substantially improved our understanding of the disease and the evaluation of patients. Cardiac computed tomography applied to valvular diseases is a new and promising tool with the potential to overcome echocardiography limitations in complex patients or complex scenarios like transcatheter aortic implantation. In this article we will review the literature data related to cardiac computed tomography in valvular diseases with a special focus on practical clinical application. Cardiac CT can be useful in the evaluation of valvular patients, especially in complex scenarios like aortic stenosis or transcatheter aortic valve implantation when echocardiographic evaluation is not enough. Le patologie valvolari cardiache sono uno dei temi centrali della ecocardiografia e della cardiologia clinica in generale. Recenti progressi quali l'eco 3D e gli indici di deformazione miocardica hanno notevolmente migliorato le nostre conoscenze delle patologie e la valutazione dei pazienti. La tomografia computerizzata cardiaca applicata alle patologie valvolari è uno strumento nuovo e promettente con la potenzialità di superare le limitazioni dell'ecocardiografia in pazienti o in scenari clinici complessi quali l'impianto transcatetere della valvola aortica (TAVI). Nel presente articolo passeremo in rassegna i dati di letteratura relativi alla tomografia computerizzata cardiaca nelle patologie valvolari, con particolare attenzione alle applicazioni cliniche pratiche. La TC cardiaca può essere utile nella valutazione dei pazienti valvolari, soprattutto in scenari complessi come stenosi aortica o l'impianto transcatetere della valvola aortica (TAVI) quando la valutazione ecocardiografica appare insufficiente.
When does CEO succession lead to strategic change? The mediating role of top management team replacement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

While mandates for strategic change may accompany the selection of new Chief Executive Officer (CEOs), the broader set of leadership changes necessary for strategic change remains unclear. Motivated by upper echelons and resource dependence theories, direct relationships between three structural events associated with CEO succession and strategic change are examined, as well as whether these relationships are mediated by replacing top management team (TMT) members. Significant mediated relationships are found in which TMT replacement mediates the relationships of pre-succession firm performance and hiring an outsider as CEO with post-succession strategic change. Involuntary CEO turnover is found to be directly related to post-succession strategic change, with no significant mediating effects from TMT replacement. These findings suggest that boards seeking strategic change following a CEO succession should also consider TMT member succession, including whether CEO candidates can leverage their networks to attract new TMT members with human and social capital that supports strategic change objectives.
Clinical Significance of Obesity in Breast Self Examination.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

近年, 高齢女性の肥満化傾向が指摘され, そのため高齢者乳癌が増加しているといわれている。当施設での検診受診者に対して, マンツーマン方式の乳房自己検診 (以下, BSE) 指導を行う中で, 肥満気味で乳房の大きい人はBSEに消極的である印象を受けてきた。そこで今後のBSE指導の課題とするため, 肥満および乳房カップサイズとBSEとの関連について, 精密検診受診者中, 資料の得られた1,013名について調査した。その結果, 50歳代以上の肥満者の割合が多く, 肥満者にはカップサイズの大きな人が多いことがわかった。BSE実施状況は, 実施率が非肥満群72.9%に比して肥満群65.8%と低率で, 中でも肥満群Dカップは57.7%と最も低率であった。BSE実施による3cm以下の「しこり」自覚率についても, 非肥満群84.2%に比して肥満群42.9%とかなり低率であったが, カップサイズ別にみるとサイズの大きな人でも, 小さな「しこり」を自覚できていた。以上のことより, 高齢肥満者でカップサイズの大きな人には, BSE指導が特に重要と考える。たとえ肥満気味で乳房が大きくとも, 意識の持ち方と正しいBSE実施により「しこり」の発見は可能であると考えられ, 今後の指導に生かして行きたい。
Defending the active recruitment of health workers: a response to commentators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I am very grateful to the five commentators for taking the time to respond to my article ‘The Active Recruitment of Health Workers: A Defense’.1 I have learned a great deal from each of their commentaries, and I am sorry to say that I will be unable to address all their important comments and criticisms in detail. In this response, I will focus on replying to the commentators’ major objections.

In my paper, I suggested that the emigration of health workers from poor countries might not have harmful effects on health outcomes in general, or may only have relatively small negative effects in a wide range of cases. Several commentators challenge my analysis. Carwyn Rhys Hooper suggests that it is prima facie plausible that the emigration of health workers causes harm, and that there is insufficient evidence to reject this claim.2 Gilian Brock3 and Iain Bassington4 argue that my paper failed to consider the full range of possible harms that the active recruitment of health workers brings about. These commentators are correct in that we need more evidence about the effects of migration, and that it may be too soon to arrive at the all-things-considered judgment that the emigration of health workers does not generally enable serious harm.

Nonetheless, I believe that the active recruitment of health workers is still permissible. For one thing, I am less confident than Brock that the empirical research on skilled migration clearly establishes that the migration of skilled professionals causes harm to sending countries. There is a sizable body of empirical research that is inconsistent with many of Brock's claims. It is not obvious that the emigration of skilled workers depletes human capital in the sending country.5 ,6 In fact, there is evidence that the opportunity to emigrate …