jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Credit financing for deteriorating imperfect quality items with allowable shortages

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The outset of new technologies, systems and applications in manufacturing sector has no doubt lighten up our workload, yet the chance causes of variation in production system cannot be eliminated completely.Every produced/ordered lot may have some fraction of defectives which may vary from process to process.In addition the situation is more susceptible when the items are deteriorating in nature.However, the defective items can be secluded from the good quality lot through a careful inspection process.Thus, a screening process is obligatory in today's technology driven industry which has the customer satisfaction as its only motto.Moreover, in order to survive in the current global markets, credit financing has been proven a very influential promotional tool to attract new customers and a good inducement policy for the retailers.Keeping this scenario in mind, the present paper investigates an inventory model for a retailer dealing with imperfect quality deteriorating items under permissible delay in payments.Shortages are allowed and fully backlogged.This model jointly optimizes the order quantity and shortages by maximizing the expected total profit.A mathematical model is developed to depict this scenario.Results have been validated with the help of numerical example.Comprehensive sensitivity analysis has also been presented.
The existentialist notion of alienation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the creation of the Marxian alienation theory, the development of the productive labour and new philosophical insights has made this theory obsolete. In this paper, a concept of alienation, free from essentialism and historicism, will be proposed. This alienation theory starts from the most fundamental source of knowledge to the human existence: our sensuous experience of the material world. The existentialist notion of alienation focuses on the free intention and defines alienation as the distortion of this intention when the individual praxis are put into a system that makes the consequences of the individual praxis alien to the agent. I argue that work within the frames of modern capitalism by this definition is alienating. This alienation is reinforced by the immaterial, indirect character of the work in an economy where human knowledge becomes the principal force of production and where the physical-sensory faculties of the human being consequently are rendered superfluous. Today’s alienation is inherent in the means of production and a complete dealienation therefore seems impossible. This discussion will help provide a framework to perceive critique against post-Fordist industrial production and how this production, despite an intensified devotion of the worker, in no way has lessened the alienation of work. In a concluding discussion, some assessments will be made on the endeavour to liberate the worker within his work rather than from his work, judging that given the tremendously increased productivity of human labour generated by the process of rationalisation, the latter alternative carries most conviction, i.e. the maximum reduction of work in favour of an activity which is neither alienating, nor governed by necessity.
Editorial - Wikipedia popularity from a citation analysis point of view

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to provide an overview of the citation rate of Wikipedia since its launch in 2004. It is worth noting that since its inception Wikipedia, the free international multi-lingual encyclopedia, has been subject to criticism (Fasoldt, 2004; Orlowski, 2005; Lipczynska, 2005). Wikipedia as a popular web resource appears in response to every keyword search on Google. One way to test the popularity of a web resource is to use citation analysis method to predict to what extend it is cited by scientific papers. This study tries to identify and quantify the number of citations to Wikipedia in the papers indexed by the ISI Web of Science, studying the citation behavior of authors who have published papers in journals indexed by this database. Another simple search was conducted in order to analyze the number of citations to Britannica in the Cited Work=(Britannica*) AND Cited Year=(2004-2009). The result showed that Britannica was cited only 10 times by 10 different subject areas and only in English language documents. The data show that Wikipedia is cited 26 times more than Britannica. Although, the credibility and reliability of content of Wikipedia as an authoritative reference source was widely criticized (e.g., Lih, 2004; Andrew et al., 2005; Korfiatis, Poulos, & Bokos, 2006), it is cited more than Britannica. The significance of Wikipedia from a citation analysis point of view goes well beyond open access and enhanced opportunities for citation.
Promoting open science in test-driven software experiments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A core principle of open science is the clear, concise and accessible publication of empirical data, including "raw" observational data as well as processed results. However, in empirical software engineering there are no established standards (de jure or de facto) for representing and "opening" observations collected in test-driven software experiments — that is, experiments involving the execution of software subjects in controlled scenarios. Execution data is therefore usually represented in ad hoc ways, often making it abstruse and difficult to access without significant manual effort. In this paper we present new data structures designed to address this problem by clearly defining, correlating and representing the stimuli and responses used to execute software subjects in test-driven experiments. To demonstrate their utility, we show how they can be used to promote the repetition, replication and reproduction of experimental evaluations of AI-based code completion tools. We also show how the proposed data structures facilitate the incremental expansion of execution data sets, and thus promote their repurposing for new experiments addressing new research questions.
Moral Foundations for the Feelings of Shame and Pride Regarding the Native Country

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country are important in the context of the problem of civic identity; therefore, they are of growing interest on the part of sociologists and psychologists. Given the moral nature of these emotions, their analysis based on one of the most authoritative approaches in the psychology of morality, moral foundations theory, seems relevant and justified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the moral foundations for the feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country. The online survey involved 752 subjects (49.9% men) aged 16-73 (mean age M = 42, SD = 10.87). A new version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2) was used to assess the moral foundations. The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country were assessed using a questionnaire tested in previous sociological and psychological studies. Data processing was carried out using exploratory factor analysis, linear regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the regression analysis on the factors of shame and pride regarding the native country showed that the moral foundations play an important role in these feelings among the inhabitants of Russia. However, a specific set of predictors is determined by what exactly is the subject of pride or shame. In general, the moral foundations of loyalty and authority are of the greatest importance for pride, while liberty and equity are most important for shame regarding the native country. Using the latent profile analysis, we identified typical profiles of moral foundations associated with age. A small group (14% of the sample) of relatively young respondents with an individualistic profile of moral foundations demonstrated a significant predominance of shame over pride regarding their native country. The other two groups with a traditionalist and a moderate profiles of moral foundations were characterized by a balance (or approximate equality) of pride and shame regarding their native country. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the moral factors of patriotic education based on the formation of a feeling of pride in the country.
[Persistent trigeminal artery and its variant. Contribution of MRI and MR-angiography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe the magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography findings in 5 cases of persistent trigeminal artery, and in two cases of variant trigeminal artery. Six patients underwent complete four-vessel angiography, performed to depict other pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography allowed in each case to visualize this artery and to precise its latero or intrasellar situation. The variant is not defined on conventional magnetic resonance imaging, but may be individualized on magnetic resonance angiography. In each case, identification of these persistent artery is crucial if surgery of sellar or gasserian region is planned.
Versatile Roles of K63-Linked Ubiquitin Chains in Trafficking

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Modification by Lys63-linked ubiquitin (UbK63) chains is the second most abundant form of ubiquitylation. In addition to their role in DNA repair or kinase activation, UbK63 chains interfere with multiple steps of intracellular trafficking. UbK63 chains decorate many plasma membrane proteins, providing a signal that is often, but not always, required for their internalization. In yeast, plants, worms and mammals, this same modification appears to be critical for efficient sorting to multivesicular bodies and subsequent lysosomal degradation. UbK63 chains are also one of the modifications involved in various forms of autophagy (mitophagy, xenophagy, or aggrephagy). Here, in the context of trafficking, we report recent structural studies investigating UbK63 chains assembly by various E2/E3 pairs, disassembly by deubiquitylases, and specifically recognition as sorting signals by receptors carrying Ub-binding domains, often acting in tandem. In addition, we address emerging and unanticipated roles of UbK63 chains in various recycling pathways that function by activating nucleators required for actin polymerization, as well as in the transient recruitment of signaling molecules at the plasma or ER membrane. In this review, we describe recent advances that converge to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the wealth of trafficking functions of UbK63 chains.
The Manpower Structure of the Marine Corps Casualty Branch

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The Marine Corps Casualty Branch, composed of less than 20 Marines and civilians, handles everything from death and injury entitlements, funeral honors, and prisoner of war/missing in action recovery. The Marine Corps prides itself on providing the minimum required human resources, but the Corps is doing so at the risk of not properly sourcing the manpower it requires. Restructuring the Marine Corps Casualty Section's table of organization to provide service members and their families with the attention they deserve is necessary. First, the T/O must be remodeled to reflect a more robust administrative staff, not necessarily with numbers, but with experience. Addressing leadership should be the initial priority. A field grade adjutant should be placed in charge of the casualty branch to give it the aforementioned leadership and administrative knowledge required. The GS-13 would make an excellent choice for assistant branch head and would still give continuity to the section. The operations chief is a billet more suitable for a master sergeant vice a staff sergeant. The change would add to the experience and maturity level of what the billet requires as well as appropriate mentorship of the junior enlisted of the branch and the staff noncommissioned officers (SNCOs) of subordinate units. Next, the Funeral Honors section must be delineated on the branch's T/O. This section should be lead by a senior SNCO, preferably a gunnery sergeant with a drill instructor background. This would ensure some working knowledge of drill and ceremonies and be supported by a staff sergeant and possibly two clerks. The benefit to remodeling the T/O in such a way would ensure routine sourcing from within the regular Marine Corps and not be dependent on the reserves. Lastly, the Marine Hospital Liaisons should be task organized under the Marine Corps Casualty Branch. This would ensure shared situational awareness and eliminate the duplicating of administrative efforts.
Circular migration and gender

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Circular migration is a form of repeated and temporary population movement that involves the same migrants; it encompasses both unregulated circulation and movements managed through circular labor migration programs. The latter is a subform of temporary labor migration programs. Circular migration is, as any form of migration, necessarily a gendered process, because it involves men and women and is built upon and affects gender relations. Most circular and temporary migration programs, though, are conceived, negotiated, and implemented in a gender‐blind way. The programs largely ignore the different ways they draw ideologically upon, incorporate, and treat women, men, and notions of genderedness. A gender‐sensitive analysis of circular migration means to systematically include empirical evidence, implicit/explicit meanings of gender, and discursive dimensions. Whether circular and temporary migration programs can be designed in a more gender‐sensitive way remains open for two reasons: so far no attempts have been made, and the gender biases and other problems identified would question these programs as such.
Fuzzy Neural Network Classification of all True Vessels from Segmented Retinal Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In general, the risk on recognizing the Cardio Vascular (CV) is made with the retinal blood vessel tracking. If the wrong blood vessel is identified, then it may lead to an incorrect clinical diagnosis. In the work already available, the segmented vascular structure is modeled in the form of a vessel segment graph and then the problem of identification of the vessels is formulated. But in this technique, the vessel segmentation is carried out with the Optic Disc (OD) not being eliminated. As the OD remains as the converging point for all the vessels present inside the retina, the OD boundary elimination results in few of the visible blood vessels cross right through it. Therefore, the OD boundary has to be eliminated prior to the segmentation of the vessels, since it may cause OD pixels misdetection that overlap with the blood vessels. In this work, an automated segmentation and vessel segmentation based elimination of OD boundary is introduced to prevent such kind of misdetections that improve the accuracy further in the case of vessel detection. The proposed technique has made use of modules like pre-processing, segmentation and feature extraction. This paper presents a preprocessing step applying Kalman filtering for the purpose of the noise removal and normalization for achieving image enhancement. Optical disc segmentation step employs Discrete Anisotropic Filter (DAF) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Thereafter some of the true vessels (CV severity) are identified from the segmented images by means of Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN). The results obtained from experiments demonstrate that this algorithm proposed has been proven to be a highly efficient technique for the classification of retinal blood vessels and the average accuracy attained is 97.2%.
Local and Regional Economic Impacts of Biofuel Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Expanded processing of agricultural products in rural areas has been widely pursued as a strategy for rural economic development. By adding value to farm products before they leave the area, new processing plants can create new employment opportunities and generate economic spinoffs in rural areas that have experienced economic stagnation or decline as a result of long term trends of farm consolidation. In addition, farmer owned processing facilities provide a way for producers to integrate forward and capture potential profits from processing and marketing their products. Consequently, the expansion of agricultural processing in rural areas usually receives broad-based support from commodity groups, rural development interests, and state political leaders. In recent years, the most prevalent type of new agricultural processing ventures in the Midwest and Great Plains states has been corn ethanol plants. Like other types of agricultural processing, these biofuel ventures have generally received widespread support, and numerous studies have addressed their contributions to local or regional economies. However, while the methods employed have seemingly been quite similar, the findings have varied widely with the impacts attributed to ethanol development differing as much as ten-fold. The purpose of this paper is to (1) examine reasons why estimates of local or regional economic impacts of biofuel development may vary and (2) compare the economic impacts of corn-based ethanol production with those expected to be associated with cellulosic ethanol production.
Sosialisasi Penggunaan, Manfaat dan Bahaya Media Digital Handphone pada Anak SMPN 2 Nagawutung Kabupaten Lembata

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advancement of technology today has made digital media a necessity that often leads to dependency, especially among teenagers. Junior high school students need guidance in using technology so they can access social media wisely, in order to develop a positive character. KKN-T students from UNWIRA Kupang conducted community service through observation and visits to SMPN 2 Nagawutung, which revealed that many students are using their mobile phones inappropriately, resulting in a decline in interest and talent. The methodology of the service includes mentoring, training, and socialization to educate students about the proper use of digital media. Although social media offers many benefits, such as access to vast information and educational resources, misuse can have negative consequences, including addiction and the spread of hoaxes. Therefore, education, socialization, and assistance in the use of digital media are very important for the development of children.
[Cisplatin-based chronotherapy for advanced none-small cell lung cancer: a randomized controlled study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤,其中80％左右为非小细胞肺癌(none-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)[1].化疗导致的毒副反应往往限制其疗效.时辰化疗是根据人体24 h生物节律的变化,选择化疗药物毒性最小的时间进行治疗的方法[2].我们通过分析行时辰化疗和常规化疗的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料,探讨时辰化疗的疗效.一、资料与方法1.入组标准:(1)组织学或细胞学诊断为NSCLCⅢB或Ⅳ期患者;(2)未行化疗(复发和辅助性化疗除外);(3)入组前1个月内可测量部位未接受过放疗;(4)年龄18～ 75岁;(5)世界卫生组织推荐的功能状态(performance status,PS)评分≤2分;(6)预期生存时间＞3个月;(7)至少有1个可测量的病灶,普通CT或MRI检查肿瘤直径≥20 mm,螺旋CT检查≥10 mm者;(8)白细胞计数＞4×109/L,中性粒细胞计数＞2×109/L,血小板计数＞100×109/L;(9)重要脏器(肝、肾、心、肺)功能正常;(10)无高钙血综合征,无严重的心脏疾病,无脑转移;(11)本研究通过我院伦理委员会批准,患者签署化疗知情同意书. 关键词：抗肿瘤联合化学疗法;癌,非小细胞肺;顺铂;时间因素
Efficient Global Pointers With Spontaneous Process Migration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an approach to implementing and using global pointers in a distributed computing environment. The programmer is able to create pointer-based distributed data structures, which can then be used by sequential or parallel programs without having to differentiate between local and global pointers. Any reference to a remote address causes the process to either migrate to the remote host, where it continues its execution, or to perform a remote access operation. The decision is made automatically and fully transparently to the programmer. By using a hardware-supported memory checking mechanism, we avoid any overhead associated with the detection of remote references.
“A Good Deal of Free Advertising” despite her “Obscene Character”: Nuancing Media Portrayals of an Escaped Nun in the Gilded Age and Progressive Eras

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the media coverage of the “escaped nun,” Edith O'Gorman, one of the few “escaped nuns” who had actually been a member of a religious community. She used her experiences in the convent to drive her career as a lecturer in the United States and abroad. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative analysis, this article examines US newspaper coverage of O'Gorman from the year of her escape in 1868 to a year after her death in 1929. By analyzing articles, advertisements and reviews of the escaped nun, this study traces a shift in how the American newspapers portrayed the former nun, initially largely depicting her in sensationalist and entertainment terms in the 1860s through 1880s to later placing her as part of a determined anti‐Catholic movement in the 1890s through 1910s. Unlike previous histories on anti‐Catholicism in this era, this study traces media coverage of an anti‐Catholic reformer in the general press, rather than only in the nativist press. This study nuances the history of anti‐Catholicism in the years after the American Civil War, particularly how Americans may have viewed the convent and escaped nuns.
A Preliminary Report of the Competency Based Inservice Training Program Patterned on the Moore Model of Teacher Education.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

DOCUMENT RESUME 95 SP 008 043 Moore, J. William; And Others A Preliminary Report of the Competency Based Inservice Training Program Patterned on the Moore Model of Teacher Education. Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit 16, Lewisburg, Pa. Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. [73] 33p. J. William Moore, Department of Education, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania (price not quoted) MF-$0.75 HC Not Available from EDFS. PLUS POSTAGE Attention Control; Educational Finance; *Effective Teaching; Experimental Programs; *Inservice Teacher Education; Models; *Performance Based Teacher Education; *Performance Criteria; Program Development; Teacher Behavior Four conceptual competencies were devised and deemed necessary for effective teaching. Then, a number of conclusions were drawn: a) with new competencies being stated, new forms of training must be established; b) training which occurs at the undergraduate level can be made more effective only if the statement of competencies is more realistic; c) new teacher education institutions must be established at the postgraduate level if effective teacher are to be produced; and d) with more effective teacher education programs to be established a greater commitment of funds on a level with medical education must be made. To test the reasonableness of the above conclusions, a postbaccalaureate teacher education program was established under a Title III grant to Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit #16. Specifically, the objective of the projec was to determine whether a program which assumed effective undergra preparation could iwirove the effectiveness of teaching by tocu on the four objectives specified at postgraduate training and on a financial level thought to be necessary for achieving the desired ends. The teacher education program was organized over a 3-year period. The results reported in this paper are limited to the testing of objectives one and two: a) the ability of teachers to bring their teaching behavior under control and b) the ability to generate and test hypotheses associated with learner attention. (JA)