jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical impact of medication reviews with follow-up in cardiovascular older adult patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱: In Chile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are controlled in as few as 30% of cases. Pharmacist-led medication reviews with follow up (MRF) have shown effectiveness under these conditions. We postulate that providing MRF in primary care in Chile could improve the control of CVD.
𝗢𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀: To evaluate the effect of MRF on CVD in primary care by assessing the clinical effect of MRF on older patients with CVD risk in primary care in Chile.
𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆: A systematic literature search was conducted to explore literature on the effect of MR on ambulatory CVD risk patients, including randomised and cluster randomised trials (c-RCT). Meta-analyses used the odds ratio (OR) for therapeutic goals and raw differences for continuous data, with 95% prediction intervals (PI) to account for heterogeneity.
A c-RCT was then conducted in primary care centres in a metropolitan region of Chile. Older patients with moderate to high CVD risk and five or more medications were recruited from a CVD risk program and received either pharmacist-led MRF or usual care for a year. Generalised estimating equations adjusted for covariates were used for analysis during each visit. A sub-analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was conducted.
𝗥𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀: The meta-analyses included 69 studies with a total of 11 644 patients. Demographic characteristics were similar between studies. MRF increased the control of hypertension (OR 2.73 [95% PI 1.05, 7.08]), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 3.11 [95% PI 1.17, 5.88]) and cholesterol (OR 1.91 [95% PI 1.05, 3.46]).
In the Polaris trial, 324 patients from 12 primary care centres (174 in the MRF group and 150 in the usual care group, 6 centres each) received, on average, four visits by pharmacists in one year. Significant effects were found for the control of hypertension (OR 4.37 [2.54–7.51]), cholesterol (OR 3.67 [2.13–6.33]), type 2 diabetes (6.97 [3.69–13.2]) and medication adherence (OR 6.60 [1.36–31.9]) as well as for the number of medications (-0.86 [-1.14 to -0.58]) and CVD risk (-2.27 [-2.84 to -1.69]). In total, 159 patients had CKD (71 in the usual care group and 88 in the MRF group). The OR for hypertension control was 8.41 (3.46–20.4), with reductions in systolic blood pressure (-15.3 mmHg [-20.3 to -10.3]), serum potassium (-0.50 mEq/L [-0.65 to -0.35]), the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (-53.1 mg/g [-92.3 to -13.9]) and LDL cholesterol (-27.8 mg/dL [-37.6 to -17.9]).
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻: This work provides local evidence to support the implementation of MRF in primary care in Chile. Including pharmacists in programs for CVD could improve the quality of care for older adults with polypharmacy.
Another broken traffic light? Reducing traffic congestion in resource constrained environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Managing traffic congestion in developing and newly industrialised countries is challenging due to unreliable road infrastructure. In the South African context, electricity power cuts coupled with traffic light cable theft leads to severe traffic congestion. However, deploying traffic cops or pointsmen at critical intersections has been shown to dramatically reduce road traffic congestion. We develop a system that autonomously recommends the best distribution of human resources at critical intersections in order to improve road traffic flow. Our system combines traffic related Tweets with real-time road traffic flow and incident data from TomTom® within an ensemble learning framework. Furthermore, a probabilistic ranking of traffic light intersections allows resources to be deployed to the most critical areas. Our system is developed and tested on real world data.
Chemical Profile and Cytotoxicity Activity of Stem-bark of Anacardium occidentale

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Column chromatographic fractionation of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem-bark of Anacardium occidentale led to the isolation of five compounds (1-5). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means by comparing spectral data to be β-sitosterol (1), 2,4-dihydroxy acetophenone (2), 1-monolinolein (3), ethyl oleate (4) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). These compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines: A549, SCOV3 and rat normal cell line NRK49f. Compounds 2-5 were for the first time isolated from A. occidentale.
Reality for Human Experience in AI in the Digital Economy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Finance, decision-making, and AI interaction have been transferred to the digital economy due to the reduction of transaction costs and increase in security through blockchain technology. Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics with decision support systems (DSS), with a focus on risk assessment, predictive analytics, and strategic planning, has been explored. AI and DSS collaborated to deliver responsiveness and flexibility across several industries, leading to improved, data-driven decision-making. The current and future paths of AI with a focus on finance, healthcare, and customer service, in addition to ethical problems, have also been discussed. Future developments in the digital economy, such as cybersecurity, decentralized banking, and quantum computing, have been explored to optimize benefits and reduce risks.
MILD combustions at different fuel-air patterns

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper experimentally investigates the global performances of the non-premixed (NP), partially-premixed (PP) and fully-premixed (FP) MILD (moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution) combustions at a laboratory-scale furnace. Experiments are carried out at the firing rate varying from 7.5 kW to 15 kW and the equivalence ratio changing from φ = 0.5 to φ = 1. The furnace temperatures and NOx emissions of the three premixing patterns are compared and discussed. The PP MILD combustion produces the highest NOx emissions. The exhaust temperatures of all the cases are found to decrease as φ increases. For the present furnace and burner configuration at φ < 0.97, the variation of the premixing modes or firing rates does not influence the CO emissions, and the establishment of the MILD combustion can guarantee the fully oxidation of the fuel. The Damköhler number (Da) of the MILD combustion is found to be ∼O(1). Moreover, the reaction regime of the FP MILD combustion is found to be located on the flamelets-in-eddies regime of turbulent combustion.
Facilitating Nitrite-Derived S-Nitrosothiol Formation in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, a critical pathophysiological alteration in CVDs and an important target for therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have revealed the potential of inorganic nitrite and nitrate as sources of NO, offering promising alternatives for managing various cardiovascular conditions. It is now becoming clear that taking advantage of enzymatic pathways involved in nitrite reduction to NO is very relevant in new therapeutics. However, recent studies have shown that nitrite may be bioactivated in the acidic gastric environment, where nitrite generates NO and a variety of S-nitrosating compounds that result in increased circulating S-nitrosothiol concentrations and S-nitrosation of tissue pharmacological targets. Moreover, transnitrosation reactions may further nitrosate other targets, resulting in improved cardiovascular function in patients with CVDs. In this review, we comprehensively address the mechanisms and relevant effects of nitrate and nitrite-stimulated gastric S-nitrosothiol formation that may promote S-nitrosation of pharmacological targets in various CVDs. Recently identified interfering factors that may inhibit these mechanisms and prevent the beneficial responses to nitrate and nitrite therapy were also taken into consideration.
Board games as a form of extra-curricular activity of students with mild intellectual disability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is concerned with the board games – free time activities used by disabled students in their leisure time. The article consists of two parts. The first, theoretical one deals with disabled students’ ways of spending their free time. This part of the paper presents the characteristics of the mildly disabled students. The second part reports on the importance of the games in the development of such students. The results of the study conducted among 16 mildly retarded students are included in this part of the paper. Apart from these two parts, the article comprises of summary, conclusions and some guides for parents.
Examining Vermont Agricultural Producers’ Willingness To Pay For Extension One-On-One Business Planning Services And Future Programming Considerations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT\nExtension agricultural business programs have provided enhanced individualized services to Vermont’s agricultural producers by using a variety of external funding sources combined with base departmental funds. These farm business programs are uniquely positioned to deliver one-on-one outreach education and information that not only has a direct benefit to private farm business owners but indirectly serves the public good by enhancing farm business viability. Meanwhile, there is an ongoing cultural shift among Extension professionals and farm owners who acknowledge that Extension programs cannot be sustained at low or no cost to participants. Funding for Extension programming has been declining for several years. Traditional funding sources, such as university base funding and state legislature appropriations, have been significantly reduced, and as a result, faculty positions in Extension nationwide have been reduced or eliminated altogether. New ways to support Extension programming must be developed in order to continue to deliver high quality business outreach education to Vermont agricultural producers. This research addresses this need in the following two ways. First, Farm Viability (now Agricultural Business) program participants were surveyed to gauge their understanding of declining funding from traditional sources to determine whether or not a fee-based structure for future programming is acceptable them. Next, a reflective essay proposes solutions for supplementing funding for Extension programming with a fee-for-service model for advanced and extended one-on-one programming. Survey results showed that those respondents likely to engage in programming beyond the initial 2-year period were willing to pay for extended services at a rate higher than the original application fee. Of those who were willing to pay for future services, 80% of respondents said that they would use a plan that included 1-3 visits at a cost of $250 - $499. The reflective essay defines program areas in need of funding enhancement, such as using facilitated management teams, succession planning and grant application assistance. The essay discusses programming opportunities that exist to serve at least some past program participants with additional one-on-one services, thereby sharing the increasing financial burden experienced by Extension educators in the presence of shrinking internal capacity to fund this type of outreach education. This research also raises awareness in areas of program costs, dwindling funding sources, and how participants can help share the financial burden. Important points for farmers weighing the merits of paying for program participation and future programing opportunities are discussed. These results can guide the efforts of program administrators seeking to improve the cost-effectiveness of Extension outreach education in Vermont agriculture.
Asymmetric bio-epoxidation catalyzed with the styrene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. LQ26

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Styrene monooxygenases (SMOs) can catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes to obtain optically active epoxides. This account describes a series of work of our group on the isolation, application, and improvement of an SMO from Pseudomonas sp. LQ26. The strain was isolated from an active sludge sample based on indigo-forming capacity. Then the gene encoding SMO was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the whole cells were applied in biocatalytic reactions. The substrate spectrum of SMO was successfully expanded from conjugated styrene derivatives to non-conjugated alkenes, especially α-substituted secondary allylic alcohols, affording enantiopure epoxides. Most significantly, cascade reactions involving ketoreductase and SMO were designed, which resulted in glycidol derivatives or epoxy ketones with excellent enantio- and diastereo-selectivity using α,β-unsaturated ketones as the substrates. In addition, mutants of SMO with altered substrate preference and enhanced activity were constructed, which indicated great potential of SMO for further improvement.
Nervus intermedius: Microsurgical and anatomic relationships to the cerebellopontine angle neurovascular complex

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The nervus intermedius (NI) comprises fibers originating from the trigeminal, superior salivary, and solitary tract nuclei, which join the facial nerve (cranial nerve [CN] VII). Neighboring structures include the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and its branches. Microsurgical procedures at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) benefit from understanding NI anatomy and relationships, especially for the microsurgical treatment of geniculate neuralgia, where the NI is transected. This study sought to characterize common relationships between the NI rootlets, CN VII, CN VIII, and the meatal loop of AICA at the internal auditory canal (IAC). Methods: Seventeen cadaveric heads underwent retrosigmoid craniectomy. Following complete unroofing of the IAC, the NI rootlets were individually exposed to identify their origins and insertion points. The AICA and its meatal loop were traced to assess their relationship with the NI rootlets. Results: Thirty-three NIs were identified. The median number of NI rootlets was 4 per NI (interquartile range, 3–5). The rootlets mainly originated from the proximal premeatal segment of CN VIII (81 of 141, 57%) and inserted onto CN VII at the IAC fundus (89 of 141, 63%). When crossing the acoustic-facial bundle, the AICA most frequently passed between the NI and CN VIII (14 of 33, 42%). Five composite patterns of neurovascular relationships were identified regarding NI. Conclusion: Although certain anatomical trends can be identified, the NI has a variable relationship with the adjacent neurovascular complex at the IAC. Therefore, anatomical relationships should not be used as the sole method of NI identification during CPA surgery.
A novel Touchard polynomial-based spectral matrix collocation method for solving the Lotka-Volterra competition system with diffusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the computational solutions of a time-dependent nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs) known as the Lotka-Volterra competition system with diffusion. We propose a combined semi-discretized spectral matrix collocation algorithm to solve this system of PDEs. The first part of the algorithm deals with the time-marching procedure, which is performed using the well-known Taylor series formula. The resulting linear systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are then solved using the spectral matrix collocation technique based on the novel Touchard family of polynomials. We discuss and establish the error analysis and convergence of the proposed method. Additionally, we examine the stability analysis and the equilibrium points of the model to determine the stability condition for the system. We perform numerical simulations using diverse model parameters and with different Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions to demonstrate the utility and applicability of our combined Taylor-Touchard spectral collocation algorithm.
Baroreflex contribution to linear and nonlinear blood pressure and heart rate coupling in daily life: an assessment by cross-mutual information

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A new procedure has been developed to (1) investigate the coupling between arterial blood pressure and heart rate variability in daily life and (2) identify the baroreflex contribution to such a coupling. The algorithm is based on the estimation of cross-mutual information (CMI) between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and RR-interval (RRI) beat-to-beat values. CMI has been selected because of its capability to quantify both linear and nonlinear components of the coupling between variables. This procedure has been used to analyze data recorded in spontaneously behaving cats before and seven days after surgical opening of the baroreflex loop as obtained by a sino-aortic denervation. Use of CMI indicates that over a time scale on the order of minutes the arterial baroreflex is the major determinant of the SBI-RRI link, accounting for about 2/3 of the total (linear and nonlinear) coupling measured between these variables.
When does a difference make a difference? Teaching about language diversity in mathematics teacher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There has been little attention in mathematics education research about how to include issues to do with language diversity in teacher education. This paper describes the process used by two teacher educators to examine their own practices of linking multilingual perspectives to mathematics education in their work with preservice teachers. By systematically analysing their discussion about a three-hour, mathematics-teacher-education workshop on proportional thinking, the teacher educators were able to identify a series of Discourses. They considered that these Discourses underlay their decision making about how language diversity could be raised with preservice teachers. The results highlight the complexity connected to raising language diversity issues in mathematics teacher education. For example, deciding what challenging content should be provided to preservice teachers is affected by the need to develop relationships with them as well as managing their learning. Joint reflection by the teacher educators was needed to ensure that the aim of challenging preservice teachers about how to deal with language diversity issues in mathematics classrooms could be achieved.
Trauma Care Training in Vietnam: Narrative Scoping Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The model of trauma in Vietnam has changed significantly over the last decade and requires reforming medical education to deal with new circumstances. Our aim is to evaluate this transition regarding the new target by analyzing trauma and the medical training system as a whole.This study aimed to establish if medical training in the developing country of Vietnam has adapted to the new disease pattern of road trauma emerging in its economy.A review was performed of Vietnamese medical school, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Education and Training literature on trauma education. The review process and final review paper were prepared following the guidelines on scoping reviews and using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart.The current trauma training at the undergraduate level is minimal and involves less than 5% of the total credit. At the postgraduate level, only the specialties of surgery and anesthesia have a significant and increasing trauma training component ranging from 8% to 22% in the content. Trauma training, which focuses on practical skills, accounts for 31% and 32% of the training time of orientation courses for young doctors in "basic surgery" and "basic anesthesia," respectively. Other relevant short course trainings, such as continuing medical education, in trauma are available, but they vary in topics, facilitators, participants, and formats.Medical training in Vietnam has not adapted to the new emerging disease pattern of road trauma. In the interim, the implementation of short courses, such as basic trauma life support and primary trauma care, can be considered as an appropriate method to compensate for the insufficient competency-related trauma care among health care workers while waiting for the effectiveness of medical training reformation.
Records of new alien species of vascular plants in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region (Russia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

В ходе флористических исследований в Приуральском районе Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа (ЯНАО) нами были сделаны новые находки, дополняющие видовой состав флоры сосудистых растений территории округа. Ниже приводятся данные по 10 новым видам чужеродных сосудистых растений для флоры ЯНАО, собранным нами в 2016 г., – CarduuscrispusL., Leucanthemum ircutianum Turcz. ex DC., PicrishieracioidesL., EuphorbiavirgataWaldst. etKit., LupinuspolyphyllusLindl., TrifoliumarvenseL., T. montanumL., PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth., PlantagouliginosaF. W. Schmidt и Sorbariasorbifolia (L.) A. Br. Цитируемые в статье гербарные образцы хранятся в Гербарии БИН РАН (LE). Для уточнения статуса чужеродного вида нами использованы следующие критерии: большой отрыв находки от основного ареала, упоминание о его заносе в соседний регион, а также присутствие только в нарушенных местообитаниях. Только статус Plantagouliginosa для нас остается неясным, так как он был собран на берегу Оби и, возможно, является дикорастущим в ЯНАО, в отличие от P. majors. str.
Rapid SVBRDF Measurement by Algebraic Solution Based on Adaptive Illumination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an algebraic solution for rapid SVBRDF measurement. The algebraic approach requires only a few reflectance samples to obtain the parameters described by the physically based Cook - Torrance model. This solution, however, also involves constraints concerning light and the normal direction in the acquisition process. To meet these constraints, we developed a system that changes the illumination according to the target 3D shape at high speed. As a result, the proposed method provides BRDF parameters at each texel without optimization and over-sampling. We demonstrated rapid measurement with real objects that do not have uniform reflectance and confirmed the validity of this approach by comparison with conventional methods.