jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Transplantation

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In a number of sections substantial rewriting has been carried out since the 1st edition eg microbial adhesion and the biochemical properties of dental plaque.Although the coverage of oral infections other than caries and periodontal disease was inadequate in the previous edition, this deficiency has been much improved in the present volume.Whilst the main readership of this book will be dental students, I feel sure that many workers in the field of human microbiology will find this a useful and fascinating volume.
Diving behaviour and haemoglobin function: the primary structure of the α- and β-chains of the sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and its functional implications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The amino acid sequence of the α- and β-chains of haemoglobin (Hb) from the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) has been determined. Comparison with that of human Hb shows differences in several residues involved in both α1β1 and α1β2 packing contacts. On the whole, in spite of the mutations, the essential characteristics of both interfaces seem to be maintained. The functional properties of the sea turtle Hb have been investigated at different temperatures and as a function of proton, chloride and organic phosphate concentrations. In addition to overall similarities shared with most of the vertebrate Hbs previously described, this molecule shows significant differences which could be related to the life behaviour of the turtle. In fact, while the shape of the Bohr-effect curve is well adapted for gas exchange during prolonged dives, the very small enthalpy change for O2 binding ensures that O2 delivery becomes essentially insensitive to the temperature changes of the environment. Moreover, and similarly to the case of emperor penguin Hb, the small alkaline Bohr effect appears to be only choride-linked, since the pH dependence of the O2 affinity is abolished in the absence of this ion. These functional characteristics are discussed on the basis of the primary structure of α- and β-chains.
Downward Influence of QBO-Like Oscillation on Moist Convection in a Two-Dimensional Minimal Model Framework

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like oscillation on moist convection is examined using the two-dimensional minimal model framework of Yoden et al. with two series of parameter sweep experiments: model-top experiments with varying model height and low-level nudging experiments with reduced zonal-mean zonal wind toward zero from the surface to a certain level. The QBO-like oscillation in the mean zonal wind is a robust feature obtained in all the experiments, including low-top cases in which only the tropospheric portion is retained. The zonal-mean precipitation is modulated with a half period of the mean zonal wind oscillation in the model-top experiments, and a positive correlation exists between the precipitation intensity and the vertical shear of the mean zonal wind near the surface. The precipitation modulation is weakened with a nudging of the low-level mean zonal wind but appears again in the cases with the low-level nudging in the middle and lower troposphere. There is a negative correlation between the precipitation intensity and the vertical shear of the mean zonal wind in the upper troposphere. These results suggest that the QBO-like oscillation modulates the moist convection via two mechanisms related to the vertical shear. Large values of the shear near the surface enhance the longevity and intensity of the moist convective systems by separating the updraft and downdraft. On the other hand, large values of shear near the cloud top tend to disrupt the convective structure and lead to weakening moist convection, although this mechanism seems to be secondary.
Quantum Advantage in Machine Learning: A Comparative Study of Quantum and Classical Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum computing holds the promise of revolutionizing various fields, including machine learning, by leveraging quantum phenomena to perform computations beyond the capabilities of classical computers. In this paper, we present a comparative study of quantum and classical algorithms in the context of machine learning tasks. We examine the advantages of quantum algorithms, such as quantum parallelism and entanglement, and their potential to outperform classical algorithms in tasks such as classification, clustering, and optimization. Through theoretical analysis and empirical experiments, we demonstrate the strengths and limitations of quantum machine learning algorithms, highlighting their potential for achieving quantum advantage in certain scenarios. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for integrating quantum computing into machine learning pipelines and outline future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Consumption externalities and indeterminacy in a continuous-time two-sector growth model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model is investigated in which general goods (which are used for both consumption and investment) and consumption goods are produced. Although agents extract their felicity from consuming both goods, the average consumption of general goods has externalities on both preferences for general and consumption goods. Assuming that both production functions exhibit constant returns to scale and labour supply is inelastic, we demonstrate that if the consumption externality of general goods on the preference for consumption goods is negative and sufficiently smaller than that on the preference for general goods, the steady state is totally stable and local indeterminacy of equilibrium occurs.
Contribution of MAPK Channel to Isoflurane’s Protective Effect on Myocardial Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To discuss whether the mitogen-activated protein kinase channel will participate in the protective effect of the isoflurane on myocardial cells. Methods To prepare the H/R injury model on the basis of in-vitro neonatal rat cardiac myocytes culture and divide them into 6 groups at random, namely, normal control group (N group), H/R group, H/R+1MAC isoflurane group (Fgroup), H/R+1MAC isoflurane +15μmol/L SB203580 (SB group), H/R+1MAC isoflurane group+20 μmol/L PD98059 (PD group), H/R+1MAC isoflurane +10 mmol/L SP600125 group(SP group). Each group extracts the clean liquid on the cellular culture to mensurate LDH、cTnI and cellular homogenate to mensurate SOD and MDA; place upside down the microscope to observe the characteristics of cardiac myocytes growth and changes of its forms. Results Compared to N group, the LDH, MDA and cTnI all increase(P0.05)and SOD declines(P0.05). Compared to H/R group, the LDH, MDA and cTnI all declines(P0.05), and and SOD increase(P0.05). Compared to F group, SB,PD,Spgroup’s LDH, MDA and cTnI all increase(P0.05)and SOD declines (P0.05). Conclusion The protective effect of isoflurane on the primarily cultivated myocardial cells hypoxia/ reoxyenation injury may be associated with the MAPK Channel activated by it.
CXCIX.—Alcohols of the hydroaromatic and terpene series. Part IV. α and β-Fenchyl alcohols and some esters derived therefrom

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

J. Kenyon and H. E. M. Priston, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1925, 127, 1472 DOI: 10.1039/CT9252701472
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel in High Temperature Water

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The SSRT method, electrochemically controlled SSRT method and measurement of anodic polarization curve are conducted in high temperature water for a carbon steel (STS 42) and a low alloy steel (SFVV 2) to study the environmental effects on SCC (disolved oxygen, temperature and potential). The following results are obtained. (1) The carbon steel and the low alloy steel show SCC susceptibility in oxygenated high temperature pure water, while they do not show the SCC susceptibility in deaerated pure water. (2) The low alloy steel is more susceptible to SCC than the carbon steel. (3) SCC occurs only in the high temperature water (over 200°C). (4) From the results of electrochemically controlled SSRT method in 0.1M Na2SO4 solution at 250°C, SCC occurs only in the potential region of higher than -400mV (vs SHE). (5) The anodic ploarization curves of the carbon steel in the Na2SO4 solution indicate that the steel passivates at 250°C but does not passivate at 150°C. The passivation is divided into two regions at 250°C, that is, the first passivation below -400mV and the second passivation above -400mV (vs. SHE). Judging from the Potential -pH diagram of Fe-H2O, the second passivation is attributed to the formation of Fe2O3.
CSR Disclosure and Bank’s Financial Performance Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Present research intends to evaluate the nexus among the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and financial effectiveness of banking industry in Pakistan. This investigation applies a quantitative research approach using panel data from a sample of Pakistan’s commercial banking institutions over timeframe limited from 2009 to 2020. The outcomes of mixed effect model visualize that there is inverse significant association among CSR disclosure ROE. Whereas no statistically significant linked in the context of short-term financial performance, by using a proxy of ROA. The results suggesting that the focus on CSR events and initiatives may have a detrimental effect on financial effectiveness. It is generally acknowledged that CSR offers numerous non-financial benefits, such as enhancing social media campaigns and luring ethical investors from both domestic and foreign markets. In developing countries context (i.e., Pakistan), we can conclude that the “cost of the CSR initiatives” and “shift of focus view” can affect the performance of banking industry. The lack of a positive correlation among corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance in the Pakistani financial services sector can be attributed to a lack of interest and engagement in socially conscious investing. These findings indicate that the adoption of socially responsible investment has not gained significant cultural traction in Pakistan. The results emphasize the importance of banks, regulators, and stakeholders reassessing the balance between social responsibility and financial performance, considering the possible negative consequences of revealing CSR initiatives.
Game-based enabled e-learning model for e-Safety education

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Students at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) may be potential victims of cyber-crime. Students need to know how to avoid being victims of cybercrime and may not know how to gain the knowledge. Electronic Safety (e-Safety) education and awareness can be accomplished through game based media such as educational video games. However, these games mostly focus on narrow aspects, such as anti-phishing, secure logins, anti-virus etc., and are often not readily available. To gain full advantage of game based tools, e-Safety games need to be customised to satisfy the targeted organisation's security policies and needs. This study aims to propose a game-based e-learning model focusing on e-Safety education. As proof of concept a proposed prototype model will be developed, implemented and evaluated. The model is expected to unleash game-based learning benefits by enhancing engagement, improving motivation and influencing positive behaviour towards e-Safety education.
The Patient Admission Scheduling of an Ophthalmic Hospital Using Genetic Algorithm

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently, FCFS scheduling method is widely used in hospitals for patient admission scheduling, which ignores the impacts of patient length of stay and surgery arrangement on the usage of hospital resources.This paper proposes a more comprehensive mathematical model and evaluation mechanism for the patient admission scheduling of an ophthalmic hospital.A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to optimize the model, which can provide detailed scheduling of patient admission in the hospital for everyday.The result is compared with that of the traditional FCFS method, which indicates that the GA helps to reduce the preoperative waiting time for patients.Besides, GA can provide different kinds of scheduling for the hospital to select by adjusting the relative weights of different objectives in the algorithm.
Aging in Place Among Older Adults With Histories of Traumatic Experiences: A Scoping Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Objectives Adverse childhood and adult experiences can have far-reaching impacts and, when coupled with typical aging-related changes, may impede the achievement of a suitable person–environment fit for aging adults. The objective of our study was to determine whether extant literature connects older adults with trauma history to successfully aging in place. Research Design and Methods We proposed a conceptual model regarding trauma history, adaptive capacity of aging adults, and trauma-informed supports for aging in place. We conducted a scoping review using 6 databases (keywords: older adult(s), aging in place, housing, trauma), with a full review of 32 articles. Results Insights included: (a) Aging in place does not have to mean living in the same house over time. (b) The uncertainty of the aging process can be traumatic and can be exacerbated by previous traumatic experiences. (c) Environmental sensitivities can result from previous traumatic experiences and cause further trauma. (d) Housing precarity is a traumatic experience. (e) Permanent supportive housing is an important resource for people in crisis. (f) Community supports are critical to aging in place. Discussion and Implications Our review revealed insights about aging in place and trauma, but did not connect the vulnerabilities specific to aging adults with personal trauma histories to aging in place. Research is needed that confirms the relationship between history of traumatic experiences and difficulties with aging in place as well as trauma-informed approaches that can mitigate housing-related stressors and foster community-living environments that provide equitable access to aging in place.
Furthering Entomological Outreach and Education for High School Aged Students with Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project was designed and conducted as an entomological educational outreach program for high school students. I was given access to an environmental science class at Kaiserslautern High School (KHS) under the guidance and supervision of a licensed teacher. Environmental Science is an elective class that fulfills the course requirement at the school for a science course with a laboratory component. I was given three groups of students, and I taught four classes to each of these groups. Each class had students in their freshman, sophomore, and junior years. During these class periods, I composed a food preference experiment that involved Madagascar hissing cockroaches (MHCs). This experiment drew heavily on my own experiences during my studies (i.e., ENTO 115 at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln). This project aimed to increase entomological education at this school. Lastly, I highlighted the use of technology in the classroom to better assist the instructor. My name is Robert Guy Lefevre, and I am currently in my 17th year of active-duty service in the United States Army. I have served as an artilleryman, a transportation coordinator, and a bandsman. I am currently serving as a guitarist in the U.S. Army Europe Band and Chorus garrisoned at Sembach, Germany, and I am currently a Staff Sergeant. I hold a Bachelor of Arts in History from California State University at San Bernardino. I was accepted into the Master of Science in Entomology program at UNL in 2015. I can attest that crossing over from the arts side to the science side of campus was a particularly arduous undertaking. In this paper, I further expand on how my experiences as a soldier and an academic greatly facilitated my connection with the students in such a short timeframe. My sponsor teacher was Ms. Nancy Hoehn. Ms. Hoehn holds a Bachelor of Science in Food Science from Purdue University and a Master of Arts in Human Relations from the University of Oklahoma. She is credentialed in Texas as a licensed physical science teacher and is currently employed by the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) as an environmental science and physics teacher. Ms. Hoehn has been recognized as a National Geographic Certified Educator, a NASA Solar System Ambassador Master Teacher, and is a Google Certified Educator (Level 1). It cannot be expressed how her experience and education aided this project, particularly her Google certification. Kaiserslautern High School is a secondary education facility that is in the Kaiserslautern military community. It is located on the United States Army Garrison Rheinland-Pfalz, Vogelweh. Vogelweh, as it is colloquially known, serves the greater Ramstein Airbase community. This area of Germany has approximately 30,000 American uniformed personnel and their families. Kaiserslautern High School is one of two DoDEA high schools. Kaiserslautern High School has a student body population of approximately 550 students. It is the newest school to be built in the DoDEA Europe area.
Milk protein ingestion does not enhance recovery from muscle-damaging resistance exercise in untrained males and females: a randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Milk-based proteins are a common choice of post-exercise nutrition to enhance exercise recovery and adaptation. Peri-exercise milk protein ingestion may attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), which is a particular risk to untrained individuals. However, most research has been conducted with males, and due to potential sex differences in EIMD, research with both sexes is required. This parallel-group randomized controlled trial examined the impact of milk protein ingestion on recovery from EIMD. Untrained males and females performed a single bout of leg-based resistance exercise and consumed a milk protein (MILK-PRO: n = 4 males, n = 8 females) or isoenergetic control (CON: n = 4 males, n = 8 females) supplement over 4 days post-exercise (17 doses total). Maximum strength was assessed ≥3 wk pre- and 72 and 168 h post-exercise, and measures of leg circumference, range of motion, muscle soreness, pressure-pain threshold (PPT), and serum creatine kinase concentration ([CK]) were conducted pre-, immediately post-, and 24, 48, 72, and 168 h post-exercise. Resistance exercise induced mild muscle damage that was not attenuated with MILK-PRO relative to CON. Peak increases in [CK] and reductions in PPT were greater in males compared with females. Changes in other markers were comparable between sexes. We conclude that moderate resistance exercise in naïve individuals induces muscle damage without compromising muscle strength. We support sex differences in EIMD and emphasize the need for further research with both sexes. Milk protein ingestion was not beneficial for recovery from EIMD, thus alternative management strategies should be investigated. This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov PRS (protocol ID: 290580A).
Immune-Epithelial Cross Talk in Regeneration and Repair

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The epithelial tissues that line our body, such as the skin and gut, have remarkable regenerative prowess and continually renew throughout our lifetimes. Owing to their barrier function, these tissues have also evolved sophisticated repair mechanisms to swiftly heal and limit the penetration of harmful agents following injury. Researchers now appreciate that epithelial regeneration and repair are not autonomous processes but rely on a dynamic cross talk with immunity. A wealth of clinical and experimental data point to the functional coupling of reparative and inflammatory responses as two sides of the same coin. Here we bring to the fore the immunological signals that underlie homeostatic epithelial regeneration and restitution following damage. We review our current understanding of how immune cells contribute to distinct phases of repair. When unchecked, immune-mediated repair programs are co-opted to fuel epithelial pathologies such as cancer, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, understanding the reparative functions of immunity may advance therapeutic innovation in regenerative medicine and epithelial inflammatory diseases.
Genotype Imputation in Case-Only Studies of Gene-Environment Interaction: Validity and Power

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Case-only (CO) studies are a powerful means to uncover gene-environment (G×E) interactions for complex human diseases. Moreover, such studies may in principle also draw upon genotype imputation to increase statistical power even further. However, genotype imputation usually employs healthy controls such as the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) data as an imputation base, which may systematically perturb CO studies in genomic regions with main effects upon disease risk. Using genotype data from 719 German Crohn Disease (CD) patients, we investigated the level of imputation accuracy achievable for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with or without a genetic main effect, and with varying minor allele frequency (MAF). Genotypes were imputed from neighbouring SNPs at different levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) to the target SNP using the HRC data as an imputation base. Comparison of the true and imputed genotypes revealed lower imputation accuracy for SNPs with strong main effects. We also simulated different levels of G×E interaction to evaluate the potential loss of statistical validity and power incurred by the use of imputed genotypes. Simulations under the null hypothesis revealed that genotype imputation does not inflate the type I error rate of CO studies of G×E. However, the statistical power was found to be reduced by imputation, particularly for SNPs with low MAF, and a gradual loss of statistical power resulted when the level of LD to the SNPs driving the imputation decreased. Our study thus highlights that genotype imputation should be employed with great care in CO studies of G×E interaction.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Imunisasi Hb-0 di TPMB “L” Kabupaten Ciamis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that as many as 7.1% or 18 million Indonesians are infected with Hepatitis B-0. Of these, 50% are at risk of becoming chronic and 900,000 can become liver cancer. Even Hepatitis B-0 is the top 4 cause of death in Indonesia, with an estimated annual death of 51,100 deaths. HB-0 immunization coverage at TPMB "L" in May 2023 is 35% of the target of 100%. The purpose of this study: To determine the picture of maternal knowledge about HB-0 immunization in newborns in TPMB "L". This research method is a descriptive study, sampling using the Accidental sampling method, with a total of 25 respondents of 3rd-trimester pregnant women in TPMB "L" using questionnaires. The results of the study: Pregnant women with quite a lot of knowledge categories are 20 people (80%) and pregnant women with knowledge of approximately 5 people (20%). Conclusion: The level of knowledge about HB-0 immunization in TPMB "L" with sufficient category is 20 respondents (80%). It is expected that health workers, especially midwives, will further increase knowledge of 3rd-trimester pregnant women about HB-0 immunization by providing education through counselling about HB-0 immunization or distributing brochures about the HB-0 immunization program.