jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Control of Plaque and Gingivitis by an Herbal Toothpaste - A Randomised Controlled Study.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

During the study period of 24 weeks, the herbal toothpaste was as good as the control toothpastes. No side effects were seen. In terms of improving periodontal conditions, the tested herbal toothpaste could be a suitable alternative to conventional toothpastes with artificial chemical ingredients.
3D visualization and volume based quantification of rice chalkiness in vivo by using high resolution micro-CT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Rice quality research attracts attention worldwide. Rice chalkiness is one of the key indexes determining rice kernel quality. The traditional rice chalkiness measurement methods are mainly based on naked-eye observation or two-dimensional (2D) image analysis and the results could not represent the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of chalkiness in the rice kernel. These methods are neither in vivo thus are unable to provide technical support for high throughput screening of rice chalkiness phenotype. Results: Here, we introduced a novel method for 3D visualization and accurate volume-based quantification of rice chalkiness in vivo by using X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). This approach not only develops a novel method to measure the rice chalkiness index, but also provides a high throughput solution for rice chalkiness phenotype analysis. Conclusions: Our method could be a new powerful tool for rice chalkiness measurement, which would greatly help the research of rice chalkiness traits as well as the quality evaluation in rice production practice.
Physical Therapy in a Neuropsyckiatric Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Physical Therapy in a Neuropsyckiatric Hospital Get access Charles M. Kinnard, M.A., Charles M. Kinnard, M.A. 1Charles M. Kinnard, Chief, Physical Therapy Section, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, VA Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Delilah Riemer, M.D. Delilah Riemer, M.D. 2Delilah Riemer, M.D., Chief, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, VA Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 36, Issue 10, 1 October 1956, Pages 661–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/36.10.661 Published: 01 October 1956
Is apoptosis cause of pre-eclampsia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pre-eclampsia is the main cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and death associated with hypertension during complicating pregnancy. During physiological pregnancy, the immunological system undergoes secondary modifications, with an "exchange" between mother and fetus. Cytokines play an important role in the complex condition of partial fetal "rejection". It has suggested that the condition depend on immunological factors. In line with this hypothesis, apoptosis appear to play a key role in the pathophysiology of placental ischemia and the mechanism underlying this condition may be influenced by substances such as Bcl-2 which inhibits apoptosis. Neither aspirin nor calcium appear to improve maternal hypertension and proteinuria, although late ongoing trials may alter this view. At present, the condition can be resolved only by the end of pregnancy. Further studies are required in order to improve our understanding of these immunological mechanisms underlying hypertension during pregnancy, as the key to effective therapy may be their ability to "manipulate" them in an appropriate way.
Stereochemical non-rigidity in rhodium–triruthenium clusters studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Variable-temperature (v.t.)1H and 13C n.m.r. studies on tetranuclear clusters [RhRu3(µ-H)2(µ-CO)(CO)9(η-C5H5)](1), [RhRu3(µ-H)2(η-CO)(CO)9(η-C5Me5)](2), and [RhRu3(µ-H)4(CO)9(µ-C5Me5)](3) establish various types of stereochemical non-rigidity in solution. Cluster (1) exhibits at least three distinct CO exchange processes: the lowest-energy intramolecular interchange, with ΔG195‡= 35.2 ± 0.3 kJ mol–1, monitored by v.t. 1H and 13C n.m.r., including 13C-{1H} two-dimensional exchange correlated spectra at 163 K (NOESY sequence), involves a pairwise exchange of eight CO groups resulting from a 'rocking motion' of CO ligands around a single RhRu2 triangular face. Three isomers of cluster (2) are in dynamic equilibrium in solution: one isomer is relatively rigid stereochemically whereas the other two are fluxional and undergo rapid interconversion at all but the lowest temperatures [e.g. 146 K 1H (200 MHz)]. Two distinct exchange processes are observed for cluster (3): localised site exchange of CO ligands at Ru(CO)3 centres, with ΔG223‡= 47.5 ± 1.5 kJ mol–1, and µ-H mobility, with ΔG164‡= 29.4 ± 0.2 kJ mol–1. Reactions of (1) with phosphines produce clusters [RhRu3(µ-H)2(µ-CO)(CO)9–n(η-C5H5)(PPh3)n][n= 1 (4) or 2 (5)] and [RhRu3(µ-H)2(µ-CO)(CO)7(η-C5H5)(dppe)](6)(dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2), accompanied by cleavage products including [Ru3(CO)8(dppe)2]. Varaible-temperature 1H, 13C, and 31P n.m.r. studies indicate that (4) exists in solution in two isomeric forms undergoing slow interconversion at low temperatures: the major isomer is more fluoxional with a lowest-energy exchange related to that in (1) with ΔG203‡= 38.0 ± 0.3 kJ mol–1. Clusters (5) and (6) show n.m.r. spectra of stereochemically rigid species in solution at ambient temperature and structures of these complexes are discussed.
Correction of compulsive overeating in rats after maternal deprivation in early age using a new antagonist of OX1 receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Compulsive overeating (bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder) is the basis of eating disorders and is included in ICD-11 and DSM-5 as a manifestation of nonchemicaladdiction and a behavioral disorder of impulsivity and compulsivity. Obesity and eating disorders are characterized by compulsive food consumption, similar to compulsive drug use in substance use disorders. AIM: To evaluate the effect of the OX1 receptor antagonist anthorex on compulsive overeating in animals in a maternal deprivation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sexually mature male rats, which were separated from their mother for 3 h after birth from days 2 to 12, were fed a high-carbohydrate diet every third day for 1 h for 45 days. High-calorie food was placed within 5 cm of reach with visual contact 15 minutes before feeding. Anthorex was administered intranasally for 7 days at a dose of 1 µg/1 µl, 20 µl. RESULTS: Intermittent consumption of high-calorie foods caused compulsive overeating in rats. Sexually mature animals that experienced deprivation from their mother in early ontogenesis showed increased compulsive overeating of high-carbohydrate foods relative to the controls (p 0.001). Moreover, the consumption of standard briquetted feed did not change. Intranasal administration of anthorex reduced the manifestations of compulsive overeating in rats after weaning under conditions of intermittent consumption of high-calorie food compared to the control group (p 0.05). Consumption of standard food did not differ relative to the control group, before and after the administration of the orexin antagonist. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals new methods of studying and synthesizing peptide drugs based on orexin and its antagonists for the correction of compulsive overeating caused by chronic stress in ontogenesis.
Evaluating the Impact of China’s Rail Network Expansions on Local Accessibility: A Market Potential Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper uses a market potential approach to examine the evolution of the rail transport network of China and its spatial distributional impacts on local accessibility, with a particular focus on high-speed rail improvements. Accessibility is measured by using a “market potential” function that was derived from the general equilibrium model of the economic geography literature, and is empirically calculated based on Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. A key finding, albeit from a highly stylized model, is that rail improvements may help raise territorial polarizing patterns across counties. The results point to the profound implications of railroad network expansion on the accessibility dynamics in periphery regions relative to core regions.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Among Iranian Remarried Women: The Role of Mindfulness, Thought–Action Fusion, and Emotion Regulation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to predict remarried women's difficulties in emotion regulation through mindfulness, thought–action fusion, and emotion regulation strategies. The research method was descriptive. Two hundred and fifty-two remarried women were administered the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Thought–Action Fusion Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results of the data analysis showed that thought–action fusion and suppression are positively correlated to difficulties in emotion regulation, whereas reappraisal and mindfulness were negatively related to difficulties in emotion regulation. Also, mindfulness, thought–action fusion, reappraisal, and suppression are able to predict emotion regulation difficulty. This study indicated that it is important to consider the emotion and its dysregulation among remarried women.
Digestive tract dimensions and body mass of elephant shrews (Macroscelididae) and the effects of season and habitat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Macroscelidids have relatively short digestive tracts, consistent with their insectivorous diet. Compared with five species of Elephantulus, Macroscelides proboscideus had a relatively long large intestine and Petrodromus tetradactylus had a relatively short large intestine. These differences may reflect varying requirements for water conservation. E. myurus showed no seasonal changes in body weight but a significant reduction in the length of the small and large intestine in winter, the nonbreeding season.
Use of the rVV10 Nonlocal Correlation Functional in the B97M-V Density Functional: Defining B97M-rV and Related Functionals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The VV10 and rVV10 nonlocal correlation functionals are consistently implemented and assessed, with the goal of determining if the rVV10 nonlocal correlation functional can replace the VV10 nonlocal correlation functional in the recently developed B97M-V density functional, to give the B97M-rV density functional. Along the way, four density functionals are simultaneously tested: VV10, rVV10, B97M-V, and B97M-rV. An initial assessment is carried out across the S22 data set, and the short-range damping variable, b, is varied for all four density functionals in order to determine the sensitivity of the functionals to the empirical parameter. The results of this test indicate that a value of b = 6 (fortuitously the same as that in B97M-V) is suitable for B97M-rV. The functionals are then compared across an extensive database of interaction energies, and it is demonstrated that B97M-rV either matches or outperforms B97M-V for all of the tests considered. Finally, the optimization of b across the S22 data set is extended to two range-separated hybrid density functionals, ωB97X-V and ωB97M-V, and a value of b = 6.2 is recommended for both ωB97X-rV and ωB97M-rV.
Constrained spline regression and hypothesis tests in the presence of correlation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Extracting the trend from the pattern of observations is always difficult, especially when the trend is obscured by correlated errors. Often, prior knowledge of the trend does not include a parametric family, and instead the valid assumption are vague, such as "smooth" or "monotone increasing," Incorrectly specifying the trend as some simple parametric form can lead to overestimation of the correlation, and conversely, misspecifying or ignoring the correlation leads to erroneous inference for the trend. In this dissertation, we explore spline regression with shape constraints, such as monotonicity or convexity, for estimation and inference in the presence of stationary AR(p) errors. Standard criteria for selection of penalty parameter, such as Akaike information criterion (AIC), cross-validation and generalized cross-validation, have been shown to behave badly when the errors are correlated and in the absence of shape constraints. In this dissertation, correlation structure and penalty parameter are selected simultaneously using a correlation-adjusted AIC. The asymptotic properties of unpenalized spline regression in the presence of correlation are investigated. It is proved that even if the estimation of the correlation is inconsistent, the corresponding projection estimation of the regression function can still be consistent and have the optimal asymptotic rate, under appropriate conditions. The constrained spline fit attains the convergence rate of unconstrained spline fit in the presence of AR(p) errors. Simulation results show that the constrained estimator typically behaves better than the unconstrained version if the true trend satisfies the constraints. Traditional statistical tests for the significance of a trend rely on restrictive assumptions on the functional form of the relationship, e.g. linearity. In this dissertation, we develop testing procedures that incorporate shape restrictions on the trend and can account for correlated errors. These tests can be used in checking whether the trend is constant versus monotone, linear versus convex/concave and any combinations such as, constant versus increase and convex. The proposed likelihood ratio test statistics have an exact null distribution if the covariance matrix of errors is known. Theorems are developed for the asymptotic distributions of test statistics if the covariance matrix is unknown but the test statistics use a consistent estimator of correlation into their estimation. The comparisons of the proposed test with the F-test with the unconstrained alternative fit and the one-sided t-test with simple regression alternative fit are conducted through intensive simulations. Both test size and power of the proposed test are favorable, smaller test size and greater power in general, comparing to the F-test and t-test.
Is phubbing a matter for educators: A case for pre-service and in-service teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Becoming one of the indispensable tools of our daily life, mobile phones have accelerated the pace of our life by facilitating our business affairs. In addition to the good aspects of these tools reshaping even our habits, they also have various psychological and physiological damages. One of the behaviors for which the cell phone is considered as harmful is phubbing. Phubbing is defined as giving the perception of the individual to his/her mobile phone, not to these people during the communication with other individuals. Considering the increasing use of such technological tools in the classroom, within the scope of phubbing, the status of teachers, one of the important stakeholders of the education environment, is also important. From this point of view, in this study, it was purposed to examine the status of being phubber of pre-service and in-service teachers and their exposure to phubbing in terms of age and gender variables. The study designed in correlational survey method, was conducted with the data collected from 293 people, 46 in-service teachers and 247 pre-service teachers, through the Generic Scale of Phubbing and Generic Scale of Being Phubbed. The independent samples t-Test and Pearson correlation analysis were implemented in the context of the research questions. The results of the analysis indicated that the pre-service teachers are higher in terms of both being a phubber and phubbee than the in-service teachers. In addition to this, it was comprehended that these concepts did not differ in terms of gender and age. On the other hand, it was found out that the behavior of being a phubber tended to increase as getting older. Moreover, it was observed that the participants and the pre-service teachers who were phubber were also exposed to this behavior.
Analysis of Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of 41 Cases of Chronic Glomerulonephritis Treated by Yishen Jianpi Qufeng Dehumification Decoction and Bailing Capsule

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Yishen Jianpi Qufeng Dehumification Decoction and Bailing Capsule in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis.Methods: Eighty-two cases of chronic glomerulonephritis were enrolled in our hospital from November 2015 to December 2017.The random number table was divided into control group (n=41) and study group (n=41).On the basis of routine intervention, the control group took Bai Ling capsules, and the study group added Yishen Jianpi Qufeng Dehumidification Decoction on the basis of the control group, all of which were treated for 3 months.The clinical efficacy, blood function urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), 24-hour urinary protein quantification, and incidence of adverse reactions were measured before and after treatment in both groups.Results: The total effective rate in the study group (92.68%) was higher than that in the control group (75.61%) (P<0.05); the BUN, Scr, and 24-hour urinary protein levels were lower in the study group than before the treatment, and the study group was lower than the control group.There was no significant difference between the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group (12.20%) and the control group (7.32%) (P>0.05).Conclusion: The combination of Bailing Capsule and Yishen Jianpi Qufeng Dehumification Decoction in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis can effectively improve the renal function of patients and improve the therapeutic effect of the disease.The incidence of adverse reactions is low and safe.
Assessing and modeling standing deadwood attributes under alternative silvicultural regimes in the Acadian Forest region of Maine, USA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Estimating the amount of standing deadwood in forests is crucial for assessing wildlife habitat and determining carbon stocks. In this analysis, snags (standing dead trees) in various stages of decay were inventoried across eight silvicultural treatments in eastern spruce–fir forests in central Maine nearly 60 years after treatments were initiated. Several modeling strategies were developed to estimate number of snags per hectare in various stages of decay. An unmanaged reference area displayed the highest basal area and volume of snags (5.4 ± 3.1 m 2 ·ha –1 and 29.4 ± 23.6 m 3 ·ha –1 , respectively, (mean ± standard deviation)), while the lowest basal area and volume (0.9 ± 1.0 m 2 ·ha –1 and 3.1 ± 5.2 m 3 ·ha –1 ) were observed in selection system with a 5-year cutting cycle. Models indicated that snag abundance was related to stand density, depth to water table, and the average harvest interval of the treatment. At a fixed stand density, approximately 140% more snags were predicted to occur in treatments with an average harvest interval of 55 compared with 5 years. An index of error reflecting the number of snags found in certain decay classes was reduced by 40% when predictions from count regression models fit with a mixed modeling strategy were used over ordinal regression. Results from these analyses can help to reduce the disparities between observed and modeled snag stocking levels and further our understanding of the relationships between live and standing dead trees inherent to eastern spruce–fir forests.
Searching for fungal infections in plantar dermatoses in outpatients from the dermatology division of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tinea pedis, the most common dermatophytosis, may mimic other skin diseases besides tending to chronicity. We studied the clinical manifestations, etiologic agents, and frequency of tinea pedis in outpatients seen at the Dermatology Division of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, from August 2005 to June 2006. 59 patients suspect of having tinea pedis underwent mycologic examination of plantar scales with 20% potassium hydroxide. Samples were cultured in dextrose and gentamicin-added Sabouroud`s medium. Tinea pedis was diagnosed in 30 (50.85%) of the 59 patients examined. T.rubrum was the most frequent agent (65.4%). Bilateral plantar desquamation was the most frequent clinical presentation (50%). Plantar psoriasis was the most frequent differential diagnosis (60%). The great incidence and wide differential diagnosis make tinea pedis an important foot condition.
Redundant robot motions, stability analysis and control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the first part of this thesis we analyze the stability of redundant robot motions under Jacobian pseudo inverse control. We develop tools to measure the joint drift exhibited by the redundant robot joints and then analyze its stability. In the second part of the thesis we develop an adaptive control scheme which ensures global stability of joints and end-effector motions when the robot mass and inertia parameters are unknown.
Phenylalanine Ammonia‐Lyase‐Catalyzed Deamination of an Acyclic Amino Acid: Enzyme Mechanistic Studies Aided by a Novel Microreactor Filled with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), found in many organisms, catalyzes the deamination of l ‐phenylalanine (Phe) to ( E )‐cinnamate by the aid of its MIO prosthetic group. By using PAL immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles and fixed in a microfluidic reactor with an in‐line UV detector, we demonstrated that PAL can catalyze ammonia elimination from the acyclic propargylglycine (PG) to yield ( E )‐pent‐2‐ene‐4‐ynoate. This highlights new opportunities to extend MIO enzymes towards acyclic substrates. As PG is acyclic, its deamination cannot involve a Friedel–Crafts‐type attack at an aromatic ring. The reversibility of the PAL reaction, demonstrated by the ammonia addition to ( E )‐pent‐2‐ene‐4‐ynoate yielding enantiopure l ‐PG, contradicts the proposed highly exothermic single‐step mechanism. Computations with the QM/MM models of the N ‐MIO intermediates from l ‐PG and l ‐Phe in PAL show similar arrangements within the active site, thus supporting a mechanism via the N ‐MIO intermediate.