jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Late Breaking Abstract - Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Co-infection: respiratory tuberculosis and COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: to determine clinical and epidemiological features of the occurrence and course of a new coronavirus infection in patients with respiratory tuberculosis. Materials and methods: study included 84 patients, who were admitted to hospital from September 2020 to April 2021. The I group consisted of 44 patients with a combination of TB and COVID-19, the II group - 20 patients with TB without COVID-19, the III group - 20 patients with COVID-19 without TB. The groups are comparable in age and gender (p>0.05). Men predominated (68-76%), average age was 39 [32; 50] years. TB and COVID diagnoses were verified in all patients. Results: HIV infection was more often diagnosed in group I (81% vs. 50% and 5%, p<0.05), median 6.2 [5.1; 7.0] years. TB was diagnosed for the first time in 22% of patients of group I against the background of COVID-19. Half of patients of group I had chronic hepatitis B or C, every third - COPD (p<0.05). The viral load (HIV RNA copies/ml) didn't have statistically significant differences in groups I and II. The frequency of opportunistic diseases was 2.7 [2.3; 3.1] in group I, which is statistically significantly higher compared to group II and III (1.7 [1.3–1.9] and 0.7 [0.2–1.0], p = 0.04). MDR patients predominated (66%) in group I, XDR patients (40%) (p>0.05) - in group II. Drug dependence was in 63% of patients of group I. Conclusions: COVID-19 is most often diagnosed in patients with tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection and hepatitis, including on the background of drug addiction, does not have a distinctive clinical and radiological picture. Among patients with COVID-19 and TB, every fifth patient was diagnosed with TB for the first time.
Associating emotions with Wagner’s music: A developmental perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Brazilian listeners ( N = 303) were asked to identify emotions conveyed in 1-min instrumental excerpts from Wagner’s operas. Participants included musically untrained 7- to 10-year-olds and university students in music (musicians) or science (nonmusicians). After hearing each of eight different excerpts, listeners made a forced-choice judgment about which of eight emotions best matched the excerpt. The excerpts and emotions were chosen so that two were in each of four quadrants in two-dimensional space as defined by arousal and valence. Listeners of all ages performed at above-chance levels, which means that complex, unfamiliar musical materials from a different century and culture are nevertheless meaningful for young children. In fact, children performed similarly to adult nonmusicians. There was age-related improvement among children, however, and adult musicians performed best of all. As in previous research that used simpler musical excerpts, effects due to age and music training were due primarily to improvements in selecting the appropriate valence. That is, even 10-year-olds with no music training were as likely as adult musicians to match a high- or low-arousal excerpt with a high- or low-arousal emotion, respectively. Performance was independent of general cognitive ability as measured by academic achievement but correlated positively with basic pitch-perception skills.
Heterogeneous regression models for clusters of spatial dependent data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In economic development, there are often regions that share similar economic\ncharacteristics, and economic models on such regions tend to have similar\ncovariate effects. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian clustered regression\nfor spatially dependent data in order to detect clusters in the covariate\neffects. Our proposed method is based on the Dirichlet process which provides a\nprobabilistic framework for simultaneous inference of the number of clusters\nand the clustering configurations. The usage of our method is illustrated both\nin simulation studies and an application to a housing cost dataset of Georgia.\n
[Supplementary effect of 3 sources of soy protein on various corn products].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate that the supplementary effect of soybean protein to corn depends on the protein quality of the soybean product and of the corn products used. Four types of corn flour of different protein quality were used, which included two whole corn flours produced from common corn, one from Opaque-2 corn, and one from degerminated corn. Likewise, three soybean products were tested, including a solvent-extracted soybean flour, a texturized soybean product and a soybean protein isolate. The study was carried out with weanling rats and the effects were measured by PER assays. The results corroborated the hypothesis that the protein quality of the ingredients controls the response observed. The supplementary effects were more evident for low-quality corn flours. Furthermore, large increments in quality were observed with additions of 5% soy protein, which became smaller as this level increased, independent of the corn flour used.
Social media access in K‐12 schools: Intractable policy controversies in an evolving world

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The use of social media in public primary and secondary education (K‐12) presents schools with numerous obstacles and constraints. Educators might use new media to enrich the classroom, but there are also accounts of grave student misconduct (such as cyber bullying) and legal liabilities for school districts. Education leaders and policymakers face difficult questions of how to promote access and use of technology while safeguarding children. In this paper, we present a frame analysis of several policy forces that govern technology use in K‐12 schools. The paper highlights how an evolving, technology‐mediated society and traditional education institutions create competing policy frames . These conflicting policy frames lead to intractable controversies that threaten student opportunities to access and learn with new media tools. Such an outcome may have negative repercussions in literacy, learning, and workforce development. This paper discusses several key policy controversies and offers suggestions for ways that K‐12 institutions can set policy to facilitate technology in schools.
Excessive pornography use: Empirically-enhanced treatment interventions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Online pornography is now freely available and readily accessible to individuals regardless of their age. Although pornography use often forms part of a sexual offender’s behavioural pattern, exposure to sexually explicit material among general community members is commonly reported. In a proportion of the latter, habitual and excessive use of pornography results in serious negative consequences affecting interpersonal and social relationships, self-esteem, and the sexual objectification of women. The aetiology of pornography and cybersexual addiction is not fully understood, nor the reasons determining preference for certain types or forms of pornography. Empirically-enhanced treatments applied to sex offending and paraphilias have been extended to pornography addiction, predominantly cognitive behavioural interventions and motivational interviewing. However, their long-term effectiveness for this condition is yet to be determined. Functional analysis of the intra-psychic and external antecedent factors and motivations for pornography use, sexual scripts, and situational variables that trigger urges forms the foundation for effective cognitive behavioural interventions.
Feasibility\nof Using a Multicompartment Electrochemical\nCell for Determination of Solubility Product Constants of Silver Salts\nfrom Potentiometric Measurements: A Directed Study in the Undergraduate\nPhysical Chemistry Laboratory

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The use of a multicompartment electrochemical cell for\nthe potentiometric\ndetermination of solubility product constants of aqueous I<sup>–</sup>, Br<sup>–</sup>, SCN<sup>–</sup>, and Cl<sup>–</sup> salts of silver is presented. An electrochemical cell presented\nin this study contained multiple half-cells made of disposable drinking\nstraws, a silver wire electrode housed in a plastic syringe, and a\nreference electrode. An agreement between the solubility product constant\nvalues of AgI, AgBr, AgSCN, and AgCl obtained by the students (7.84\n× 10<sup>–17</sup>, 4.34 × 10<sup>–13</sup>, 9.01 × 10<sup>–13</sup>, and 1.44 × 10<sup>–10</sup>) and the literature values (8.52 × 10<sup>–17</sup>,\n5.35 × 10<sup>–13</sup>, 1.03 × 10<sup>–12</sup>, and 1.77 × 10<sup>–10</sup>, respectively) underscored\nthe feasibility of using the cell for the determination of solubility\nproduct constants.
Emergence of Atypical Mycoplasma agalactiae Strains Harboring a New Prophage and Associated with an Alpine Wild Ungulate Mortality Episode

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The bacterium Mycoplasma agalactiae is responsible for contagious agalactia (CA) in small domestic ruminants, a syndrome listed by the World Organization for Animal Health and responsible for severe damage to the dairy industry. Recently, we frequently isolated this pathogen from lung lesions of ibexes during a mortality episode in the French Alps. This situation was unusual in terms of host specificity and tissue tropism, raising the question of M. agalactiae emergence in wildlife. To address this issue, the ibex isolates were characterized using a combination of approaches that included antigenic profiles, molecular typing, optical mapping, and whole-genome sequencing. Genome analyses showed the presence of a new, large prophage containing 35 coding sequences (CDS) that was detected in most but not all ibex strains and has a homolog in Mycoplasma conjunctivae , a species causing keratoconjunctivitis in wild ungulates. This and the presence in all strains of large integrated conjugative elements suggested highly dynamic genomes. Nevertheless, M. agalactiae strains circulating in the ibex population were shown to be highly related, most likely originating from a single parental clone that has also spread to another wild ungulate species of the same geographical area, the chamois. These strains clearly differ from strains described in Europe so far, including those found nearby, before CA eradication a few years ago. While M. agalactiae pathogenicity in ibexes remains unclear, our data showed the emergence of atypical strains in Alpine wild ungulates, raising the question of a role for the wild fauna as a potential reservoir of pathogenic mycoplasmas.
Studies on the synthesis of functionalised lactones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The research carried out in the present study focuses mainly on the synthesis of lactones via the acid-catalysed intramolecular acylative cleavage reactions of tetrahydrofuran derivatives. This thesis is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1 introduces medium- and large-ring lactones and describes the most significant general literature methodologies employed for their syntheses. Chapter 2 is concerned with the preparation of some ?-(tetrahydro-2'- furyl)alkanoic acids which may be used for the synthesis of naturally-occurring lactones. A novel route to these acids, involving the lithiation of furan derivatives and subsequent reactions with bromo-orthoesters, is reported. Chapter 3 describes the syntheses of various ?-(tetrahydro-2'-furyl)alkenoic acids and the subsequent intramolecular lactonisation reactions of the corresponding mixed anhydrides. It was found that the presence of a double bond of (Z)- configuration in the side-chain of 7-(5'-methyltetrahydro-2'-furyl)hept-3-enoic acid greatly improves the efficiency of the lactonisation reaction. This result led to the synthesis of the insect pheromone (?)-ferrulalactone II. The intramolecular acylative ring-switching reaction of the mixed anhydride derived from 5-(5'- methyltetrahydro-2'-furyl)-pent-3-enoic acid is also described. In this case, the presence of the (Z)-double bond results in the formation of a relatively rigid bicyclic acyloxonium intermediate which leads to the formation of a novel seven-membered lactone as the main product together with the expected ten-membered lactone. The mechanism of the reaction and the influence of the stereochemistry of the precursor acid are discussed. The acid-catalysed rearrangements of various ten- membered hydroxylactones into the corresponding more stable seven-membered lactones are also described. Chapter 4 is concerned with the attempted synthesis of the naturally-occurring lactone Salicylihalamide A. Various routes were explored and although some interesting results were obtained, the synthesis of the target lactone was not achieved. This work also led to the development of a one-step procedure for the synthesis of sulfoxides by the reaction of carbanions with phenyl benzenethiosulfinate. The procedure was applied to various representative ketone enolates and Grignard reagents.
Copyright and the Supposed Efficiency of First-Degree Price Discrimination

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article focuses on the economic conclusion that first-degree price discrimination is Pareto optimal and hence socially desirable. This economic conclusion tends to support congressional or judicial modifications to copyright law that would enhance the ability of copyright owners to engage in price discrimination, including, for example, limitations on copyright's first sale doctrine. Such limitations on the first sale doctrine may arise either through direct congressional action, such as the Computer Software Rental Amendments Act of 1990, through congressional inaction, such as the refusal to extend expressly the first sale doctrine to the interactive digital environment, or through judicial acceptance of copyright owners' attempts to characterize certain transactions as licenses, rather than sales. The article demonstrates that the supposed desirability of first-degree price discrimination relies on certain assumptions inherent in partial equilibrium analysis that are unlikely to hold in the real world. Through the use of a second-best, general equilibrium model, the article demonstrates that a switch to first-degree price discrimination in a particular market can reduce social welfare and derives principles that suggest when such a switch is likely to reduce social welfare. Applying these principles to the types of price discrimination schemes commonly employed in the distribution of copyrighted works, the article concludes that most of these schemes seem likely to reduce social welfare.
Data from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Ligand–Receptor Cross-talk in the Tumor Microenvironment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Signaling between cancer and nonmalignant (stromal) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key to tumor progression. Here, we deconvoluted bulk tumor transcriptomes to infer cross-talk between ligands and receptors on cancer and stromal cells in the TME of 20 solid tumor types. This approach recovered known transcriptional hallmarks of cancer and stromal cells and was concordant with single-cell, <i>in situ</i> hybridization and IHC data. Inferred autocrine cancer cell interactions varied between tissues but often converged on Ephrin, BMP, and FGFR-signaling pathways. Analysis of immune checkpoints nominated interactions with high levels of cancer-to-immune cross-talk across distinct tumor types. Strikingly, PD-L1 was found to be highly expressed in stromal rather than cancer cells. Overall, our study presents a new resource for hypothesis generation and exploration of cross-talk in the TME.</p>Significance:<p>This study provides deconvoluted bulk tumor transcriptomes across multiple cancer types to infer cross-talk in the tumor microenvironment.</p></div>
ESL TEACHER EDUCATION ABROAD AND AT HOME: A CAUTIONARY TALE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, we compared teacher attitudes and beliefs about culturally appropriate language teaching resulting from an examination of two groups of preservice teachers. One group of preservice teachers enrolled in an English as a Second Language (ESL) study abroad program in Mexico; the other enrolled in a traditional on-campus ESL program. Our findings indicate that study abroad students gained a more empathetic understanding of language and cultural issues that affect language learners than their on-campus counterparts, but that they also developed some misconceptions about language learning based on their study abroad experience.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY OF CULTURES BETWEEN THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER: 4000-1000 BC

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Stanislav N. Bratchenko Andrzej Bronicki Ludmila A. Chernykh Jacek Gorski Marcin Ignaczak Slawomir Kadrow Viktor I. Klochko Aleksander Kośko Nadezhda S. Kotova Nikolay N. Kovalyukh Sergey D. Lysenko Jan Machnik Przemyslaw Makarowicz Virgil Mihǎilescu-Birliba Vitaliy V. Otroshchenko Vladislav H. Petrenko Sergey V. Polin Sergey Z. Pustovalov Sergey N. Sanzharov Larisa A. Spitsyna Marzena Szmyt Katarzyna Ślusarska-Michalik Dmitriy Y. Telegin Mihailo Y. Videiko Igor Yazepenka Anna Zakościelna
Caretaker’s Perceptions on Caretaker-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health in Unguja-Zanzibar: Implication for Intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Caretaker-adolescent communication is an appealing source for influencing adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior, because caretakers are an accessible and often willing source of information for their children. With the realization of the importance of caretakers in influencing adolescent behaviours, it becomes interesting to explore their perceptions about caretaker-adolescent communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH). An exploratory qualitative research design was conducted in all six districts of Unguja-Zanzibar. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) with caretakers who were purposively selected were conducted. Thematic analysis guided the interpretation of the data. The main themes that were identified are perceived the risk of adolescents; style, time and content of communication; barriers to parent-child communication on SRH; and helping our children pass through adolescence safely. The findings show that participants have acknowledged the apparent risky sexual behaviors of their adolescents, and that information on SRH should be offered to children before they reach puberty. Participants had the opinion that communication on SRH should be in the form of warning, threat and unidirectional. Topics such as teenage pregnancy, STIs and HIV, and drug and alcohol were proposed to be openly discussed. However, topics on condom and contraceptives use faced strong opposition. Lack of favorable time, caretakers’ limited knowledge and skills, myth on SRH communication, and being uncomfortable were among the caretaker-adolescent communication barriers identified by caretakers. The findings suggest that participants are keen to help their adolescents to avoid SRH problems, most importantly they emphasised on the need to empower caretakers by equipping them with knowledge of SRH, good communication skills and religious knowledge. Communal parenting on the other hand has been identified as the major weapon in shaping adolescents’ behaviour. This information provides insight in designing family-based intervention aiming at increasing communication about SRH between caretakers and adolescents.
Spin Dynamics in UBe13:9Be-NMR Studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have measured 9 Be nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate of the Be(II) site in the heavy fermion superconductor UBe 13 in a small magnetic field of 0.85 T for H ∥[111] in the temperature range of 1.5–140 K. At high temperatures above T * NMR ≈5 K, 1/ T 1 weakly depends on temperature, which can be fitted by 1/ T 1 = A T n with n =0.12, indicating that single-site spin fluctuations is dominant at high temperatures. This result suggests that the single-site Kondo effect works at high temperatures, as expected from the temperature dependences of the resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and Knight shift above ≈35 K. At low temperatures below 5 K, the enhancement factor from the non-interacting Korringa product, K (α)≡µ B 2 /( T 1 T K s 2 π\hbarγ n 2 k B ), is obtained to be ≈2, indicating the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations at a finite q .
Does ESG performance reduce audit costs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the relationship between ESG performance and corporate audit fees based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in China from 2010 to 2020. The results show that firms with higher ESG levels have lower audit fees, and this relationship is more significant in non-state enterprises. The impact mechanism test confirms that ESG performance affects the level of corporate audit fees mainly through two paths: reducing business risks and enhancing corporate reputation. The heterogeneity test shows that the suppressive effect of ESG on audit fees is more significant in firms whose audit firms are the "Big Four". The findings provide a theoretical basis for the study of the economic consequences of ESG and the factors influencing audit fees.
FETAL BREATHING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article FETAL BREATHING Get access K. BODDY, M.B. B.S. M.R.C.O.G., K. BODDY, M.B. B.S. M.R.C.O.G. The Nuffield Institute for Medical Research, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.S. DAWES, D.M.F.R.S. G.S. DAWES, D.M.F.R.S. The Nuffield Institute for Medical Research, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 3–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071237 Published: 01 January 1975
[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in adults].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a case of adult staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) in a 91-year-old woman. The patient had a Staphylococcus aureus infection in her right ear with redness and yellow secretion. A few days later she developed Nikolsky sign-positive tender enlarged flaccid bullae involving most parts of her body. The bullae ruptured easily and left a erythematous base. The histopathological changes were characteristic for adult SSSS. The patient was well-treated with intravenous dicloxacillin, topical antibiotic and antiseptic treatment. The patient had marked thrombocytosis, but no interest in further examination.
APPLICATIONS OF GIS MAPPING IN MARINE FISHERIES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping plays a crucial role in fisheries management by providing tools to gather, analyze, and visualize spatial data related to fish stocks, fishing activities, and the marine environment. GIS can be used to assess the distribution and abundance of fish stocks. It helps fisheries managers understand where different species are located and how their populations are changing over time. This information is essential for setting catch limits and sustainable fishing practices. GIS allows for the mapping of critical fish habitats, such as spawning grounds, nurseries, and feeding areas. Identifying and protecting these areas is vital for the long-term health of fish populations. To implement GIS mapping in fisheries management, agencies and organizations collect and integrate data from various sources, such as satellite imagery, fishery surveys, vessel monitoring systems, and environmental sensors. The use of GIS technology helps improve the effectiveness of fisheries management practices, ensuring the sustainable use of marine resources.