jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolution in the Design of V-Shaped Highly Conductive Pathways Embedded in a Heat-Generating Piece

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the evolution of architecture of high conductivity pathways embedded into a heat generating body on the basis of Constructal theory. The main objective is to introduce new geometries for the highly conductive pathways, precisely configurations shaped as V. Four types of V-shaped inserts, evolving from “V1” to “V4,” have been comparatively considered. Geometric optimization of design is conducted to minimize the peak temperature of the heat generating piece. Many ideas emerged from this work: first of all, the numerical results demonstrated that the V-shaped pathways remarkably surpass the performance of some basic configurations already mentioned in literature, i.e., “I and X-shaped” pathways. Furthermore, the evolution of configurations from V1 to V4 resulted in a gradual reduction of the hot spot temperature, according to the principle of “optimal distribution of imperfections” that characterizes the constructal law.
Plaintext Recovery Attacks and Their Mitigation in an Application-Specific SHE Scheme

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In addition to storage and computing power, cloud providers ensure confidentiality of user data through the use of various encryption technologies. The need to decrypt the data before it can be operated upon exposes a possible security hole which could be exploited by untrustworthy system administrators. Homomorphic encryption allows operations on encrypted data without the need to first decrypt it making it attractive for cloud computing. However, it incurs significant overhead of storage and computation and is therefore infeasible in practice. Somewhat homomorphic schemes have been proposed to handle specific applications - one such scheme, the Zhou Wornell Scheme, operates on vectors of integers. We demonstrate that this scheme is vulnerable to plaintext recovery attacks for a range of vector sizes. We explore the trade-offs between plaintext vector length, public key size and security. Increasing vector length increases security but at the cost of greatly increased public key size. We suggest a way of reducing the size of the public key by up to 90%. Finally, we propose a variant of this scheme which is secure against plaintext recovery attacks. © 2019 IEEE.
Live Piloting and Prototyping

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents current trends in service design research concerning large scale projects aimed at generating changes at a local scale. The strategy adopted to achieve this, is to co-design solutions including future users in the development process, prototyping and testing system of products and services before their actual implementation. On the basis of experience achieved in the European Project Life 2.0, this paper discusses which methods and competencies are applied in the development of these projects, eliciting the lessons learnt especially from the piloting phase in which the participatory design (PD) approach plays a major role. In the first part, the topic is introduced jointly with the theoretical background where the user center design and participatory design methods are presented; then the Life 2.0 project development is described; finally the experience is discussed from a service design perspective, eliciting guidelines for piloting and prototyping services in a real context of use. The paper concludes reflecting on the designers’ role and competencies needed in this process.
Ruth First

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ruth First, Director of the Centre for African Studies in Maputo, Mozambique, was killed by a letter bomb in her office on 17 August 1982: the final act of censorship on a lifetime of active opposition to apartheid and other forms of social injustice in South Africa. Born in Johannesburg in 1925, she was a student of social science at Witwatersrand University when she joined the Communist Party and founded a multi-racial students' group. During the great African mine strike of 1946 she was among a handful of whites who assisted the strikers. In 1947, despite risk of police harassment, she helped to expose farm labour conditions on the Bethal potato farms, writing investigative articles which led directly to a month-long boycott of potatoes organised by the Congress Alliance, headed by the African National Congress. Soon afterwards she was appointed Johannesburg editor of three radical South African investigative papers: the Guardian, the Clarion, and New Age, each in turn banned by the government. With her husband Joe Slovo, an Advocate, and with Fatima Meer (see outside back cover), she was one of the 156 people accused but acquitted in the Treason Trial of 1956. In the early 1960s she visited South West Africa (Namibia) and wrote a searing expose of apartheid in that territory which was, and remains, under United Nations mandate but is run by South Africa. The book resulted in tighter government restrictions on her activities, prohibiting any publication of her work and forbidding her from even entering newspaper offices. In 1963 she was detained and held for 117 days, much of it in solitary confinement. Shortly after her release from prison, when it was obvious that she would be rearrested, she left South Africa. During her years of exile in England, she wrote The Barrel of a Gun, a study of African coups, and a portrait of Libya entitled The Elusive Revolution. She lectured in sociology for several years at Durham University. In 1978 she returned to Africa, to take up the post in Mozambique which she held at the time of her death. As head of an international research team, she was helping to initiate plans for the new Mozambique: economic and socio-political development projects which promised to make Mozambique economically independent of South Africa. It seems she became a target in South Africa's apparent programme of destabilising its black neighbours. Ruth First's book, 117 days, an account of her confinement and interrogation under the South African 90-day detention law, was first published in 1965. It was republished by Penguin Books in November 1982, with a new preface by Ronald Segal, which we reprint below:
Polypharmacy, renal insufficiency and elder care: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of comorbidities increases as individuals age, and many people are treated with multiple medications, referred to as polypharmacy. When individuals are prescribed more than two nephrotoxic medicines, renal insufficiency may result. Preventing overprescription is, therefore, especially important, particularly for older people who have an increased risk for developing irreversible renal insufficiency leading to chronic kidney disease. This systematic review appraised the influence of polypharmacy on renal insufficiency in older people
Electronic Commerce in Web 3.0: The Evidence from Emerging Economics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web 3.0 or so called "Internet 3.0" is a popular 3D internet application.The emerging economics burgeoning Internet population will soon have an array of Web 3.0 in which to work and play.Although some strategies of web 3.0 platforms have been proven to be successful for attracting user acceptance in the developed countries, the effects of these strategies are questionable in the market of emerging economics.In this study, we investigate the Web 3.0 market and e-commerce strategies in one of biggest emerging economics in the world.Based on the uses and gratifications theory, this study compares the different strategies of these local companies, and tries to explain which difference of e-commerce strategies between these competitors, and how can these Web 3.0 competitors survive in the environment of emerging economics.Limitations and Implications are discussed in the end.
Effect of defective H2B ubiquitination on the malignancy and repair of DNA double breaks and its significance in lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a notably low five-year survival rate due to the limited availability of effective treatments. Monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120(uH2B) exerts a tumor-suppressive effect in cancer through multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of transcriptional activity and DNA damage response. Ring Finger Protein 20 (RNF20), a key E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a central role in this process. However, the role of RNF20 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression is unknown. In this study, the functional characterization of the role and molecular mechanism of LUAD were examined using a series of biological and cellular approaches in vitro and in vivo. Our work shows the expression of uH2B is significantly reduced in LUAD patients and is correlated with prognosis. Similarly, RNF20 expression is also markedly decreased in LUAD. Knockdown of RNF20 promoted the proliferation and migration of A549 cells while simultaneously decreasing uH2B expression. Additionally, RNF20 knockdown impaired the DNA damage repair capacity of LUAD cells. RNF20-silenced A549 cells exhibited heightened sensitivity to both the Cisplatin and PARP inhibitor Olaparib. These findings provide an important foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of lung adenocarcinoma and developing new treatment strategies.
Photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer of substituted benzoate esters of 9-anthracenemethanol in menthanol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.Cover :Cover: a) selected piece of graphite for graphene extraction; (b) successive scotch tape peeling of graphene layer (c) graphene transferred on to SiO2/Si substrate; (d) AFM image of the transferred graphene layer
Coupled Thermal-Electrical Analysis of 110 kV Corrugated Aluminum Sheathed and Smooth Aluminum Sheath Cables Based on Finite Element Simulation Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to compare the thermal and electric field distribution inside the 110 kV smooth aluminum sheathed cable and the corrugated aluminum sheathed cable, an electro-thermal coupling model of the 110 kV corrugated aluminum sheathed cable and the smooth aluminum sheathed cable is established in this paper by means of finite element simulation. The calculation results show that the load capacity of the smooth aluminum sheathed cable is greater than that of the corrugated aluminum sheathed cable, and the internal thermal and electric fields of the smooth aluminum sheathed cable are more uniformly distributed without electric field distortion. The existence of the air gap increases the thermal resistance inside the corrugated aluminum sheath, making the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the corrugated aluminum sheath cable larger and increasing the thermal energy dissipation. Moreover, the junction of the air gap and the metal sheath increases the electric field strength.
Effect of thermochemical treatment on the structure of inulin and its gelling properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate rheological properties of inulin gels and the changes in the inulin structure after heating the high polymerised inulin (DP ≥ 23) solutions at different pH. The 20% inulin solutions were heated at pH 3, 5 and 7 at 60 and 80 °C followed by 21 h storage at 5 and 25 °C. Rheological properties evaluation indicated that the increase in the heating time and temperature significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) influenced on the inulin structure. Reducing sugars, cryoscopy and HPLC analysis revealed that chemical structure of inulin is stable in neutral and slightly acidic conditions (pH 5). Gelation of the high polymerised inulin solution after heating at pH 7 and 80 °C could be inhibited after dissolving the inulin crystallites which act like seeding crystals. At lower temperatures in which, not all crystallites were dissolved; it was feasible for the solutions to form firm inulin gels.
Lesions of Right Heart Failure and Ascites in Broiler Chickens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A naturally occurring cardiomyopathy in broiler chickens from a single Ontario farm was studied in order to define the morphologic changes. Gross and histologic features of affected birds were compared with those in age-matched control penmates. Body weight and weight and volume of individual cardiac chambers were measured. Histologic sections of 18 different tissues were examined, and lesions observed were scored subjectively. Affected birds were stunted and had marked right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, atrial hypertrophy, ascites, pulmonary congestion and edema, and hepatic capsular fibrosis. Microscopic changes in the heart of affected birds were mild and did not suggest a specific cause of heart failure. Lungs had marked hypertrophy of parabronchial smooth muscle and collapse and apparent loss of associated air capillaries. Other histologic changes observed were thought to be the result of passive congestion of viscera caused by right heart failure and chronic debility. Although the specific etiology of this condition could not be determined, it was felt that this syndrome was unlikely to have been the result of any of the commonly recognized causes of congestive heart failure and ascites in broilers.
Effects of Ethanol, Carbonation and Hop Acids on Volatile Delivery in a Model Beer System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A model beer was created to investigate the effects of ethanol, carbonation and hop acids on volatile release (ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol) using both headspace analysis and in‐nose measurement during consumption. None of the factors were found to impact on equilibrium headspace partitioning, however headspace sampling after short term decanting revealed minor and compound specific effects of each of the components. When measured in‐vivo, hop acids had no significant effect on volatile delivery; however ethanol significantly increased the delivery of volatiles during consumption. This increase was sustained throughout the release profile. Carbonation was found to increase the release of ethyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol during the first release peak after swallowing, but had no significant effect on phenethyl alcohol. Furthermore, ethyl acetate was increased by carbonation in the second peak after swallowing, but this effect was not found to be persistent in subsequent peaks. These results indicate a trend between the compound's air‐water partition coefficient and the effects of carbonation in‐vivo. The effects of ethanol and carbonation seemed to be independent and therefore an additive effect is possible. This study highlights the difference between data collected by headspace and in‐vivo means.
Effect of electrophysical resources on healing of neurotendinous injury in an experimental model of type I diabetes and kidney disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cryotherapy promoted reduction in inflammatory exudate and organization of collagen fibers, in addition to the absence of signs of tissue necrosis, in the groups treated with and without the disease. ILIB therapy showed the same findings associated with significant reduction in glycemic levels in the group of diseased animals. The application of LLLT showed increased inflammatory exudate, low organization of collagen fibers and low sign of tissue degeneration and necrosis. This study in a model of associated diseases (diabetes and kidney disease) whose effects of electrophysical resources studied after neurotendinous injury allows us to verify histopathological variables suggestive of patients with the same comorbidities.
Comparison of reactor performance in the nonthermal plasma chemical processing of hazardous air pollutants

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performance of three different types of plasma reactors such as ferroelectric packed-bed (FPR), pulsed corona (PCR), and silent discharge (SDR) were compared in the decomposition of trichloroethylene (Cl/sub 2/C=CHCl, TCE), bromomethane (CH/sub 3/Br), and tetrafluoromethane (CF/sub 4/). Irrespective of reactors, hazardous air pollutant (HAP) reactivity in dry N/sub 2/ decreased in the order: TCE>CH/sub 3/Br>CF/sub 4/. Similar byproducts were obtained with any of the above reactors, and similar trends were observed in the HAP decomposition rate-retarding effect by water. Only for SDR, TCE decomposition was accelerated by O/sub 2/ in the background gas. The most plausible active oxygen species is considered to be the triplet oxygen atom. In the reaction systems where chemically induced decomposition of HAPs can occur, as in the case of TCE, PCR is expected to exceed FPR and SDR in performance. In the cases of CH/sub 3/Br and CF/sub 4/, residence time has been the most important factor governing their decomposition rates, and FPR and SDR have shown higher performance than PCR.
Deep Learning or Classical Machine Learning? An Empirical Study on Log-Based Anomaly Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful technique, its benefits must be carefully considered in relation to computational costs. Specifically, although DL methods have achieved strong performance in log anomaly detection, they often require extended time for log preprocessing, model training, and model inference, hindering their adoption in online distributed cloud systems that require rapid deployment of log anomaly detection service.
Medical data analysis and coding using natural language processing techniques in order to derive structured data information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical data are, most of the times, very complex both in form and content. One of the greatest challenges for the IT community in healthcare is to enable the full utilization of these data by information systems. This explicit variety combined with the fact that data usually derives from diverse systems are great obstacles to this task. The result is that data stored in medical information systems usually do not accurately represent reality. In order to eliminate the fallacy between stored and real data, specialized applications that facilitate and accelerate data import into information systems must be developed. This is the goal of Natural Language Processing, the scientific field that combines computer science and linguistics. As a result NLP systems use applications for the coding and standardization of information, known as controlled medical vocabularies. The result of these processes is data that can be used by various technologies, such as clinical data warehouses and decision support systems, the functionality of which is fully dependable on the completeness and accuracy of the data on which their analysis is imposed.
The methylome of the hypothalamus of prepubertal and pubertal goats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Puberty is the fulfillment of fertility, a process involving physiological and morphological development. It is well known that the increased hypothalamic secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for the activation of this process, even if the elements coordinating the timing of puberty have not been fully identified1,2. Recent studies provide proof that there is an epigenetic regulation of female puberty, and DNA methylation, the most studied epigenetic modification, plays a major role in it3. We analyzed DNA methylation patterns of 5 Alpine goats at their prepubertal stage and 5 that reached puberty in order to highlight differences in their methylome. Detection of methylated regions across the goat genome involved a Methyl Binding Domain (MBD) enrichment followed by deep sequencing (Hiseq2000 Illumina). The software ChIPseeqer4 permitted the identification of peaks corresponding to hyper-methylated regions. We have observed a higher methylation level in prepubertal goats. The distribution of the methylation peaks across the genome and within CpG islands per chromosome per group of animals has been analyzed. Furthermore, we have investigated differential methylation in genes associated with puberty. Specifically, Cbx7, coding for a core component of the Polycomb group silencing complex, and GnRHR, the gene coding for GnRH receptor, showed a higher number of peaks into two intragenic fragments within prepubertal goats. These results, accompanied by transcriptome analysis, provide a foundation for elucidating the role of DNA methylation in the complex mechanisms that drive puberty in goat species.
Paleotopography of the Upper Des Moines River and its influence on archaeological site distribution

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>The archaeological record varies with the fluvial style and sedimentation of a river, thus controlling the location, preservation, and recognition of archaeological sites. This project identifies archaeological site patterning and preservation along a fluvial system in Iowa that has been relatively stable since the last glaciation. The Upper Des Moines River in Iowa formed approximately 12,500 yr. cal BP as an englacial channel routing glacial meltwater south along the Des Moines Lobe. During the last glacial retreat, the channel incised forming what is now called the High Terrace (TH). Early post-glacial occupations in Iowa would have had access to this the high terrace and uplands. Thus, the Paleoindian and early to middle Archaic site distributions along the Upper Des Moines River are found in upland and upper terrace locations. The intermediate terrace (TI) formed between 4000 and 1000 yr. cal BP and represents the elevation of the river flood plain during this period. Late Archaic people had access to this surface as well as the TH and uplands. By 1000 yr. cal BP, the Upper Des Moines River had eroded down to bedrock and established a floodplain at the level of the lower terrace. Subsequent erosion produced the modern channel configuration with an established series of dated terraces (High Terrace (TH), Intermediate Terrace (TI), and Low Terrace (TL)). The Woodland period peoples would have had access to the current/modern fluvial landscape.</p> <p>To assess site locations strategies of populations that inhabited the Upper Des Moines River valley in the Holocene, 721 archaeological sites were examined and classified using site reports and artifacts as Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, Historic and Unknown. The sites were then mapped and associated with geomorphic features in the valley. As expected, Paleoindian sites and Early to Middle Archaic sites were all located on the upper terrace and uplands because the intermediate and lower terraces had not yet formed. Late Archaic people had access to the floodplain that formed intermediate terrace as well as the uplands and upper terrace. Woodland period sites occurred on high (upland and TH), intermediate (TI), and low (TL and floodplain) elevation landforms along the river. The study demonstrated there was a preference for burials/ceremonial sites being placed at higher elevations (TI and higher) and habitation sites being placed at lower elevations (TL and current floodplain) near the main river channel.</p>