jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral Fluid Drug Testing in Pain Management Practice: Factors to Consider Before Choosing the Alternative Biological Matrix

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background As the use of pharmacological agents, particularly opioid analgesics, has increased in the past 2 decades, so have the substance abuse risks, along with the prevalence of overdose deaths, addiction, and illicit drug use. Accordingly, close monitoring of patients to ensure medication compliance and to identify improper drug use becomes a critical task for pain-management practitioners. Content Oral fluid is an emerging biological matrix for clinical drug testing. It offers noninvasive, less hazardous, and directly observable sample collection with minimal potential for adulteration. Oral fluid can be collected multiple times in a short period and shows a stronger correlation with blood than urine concentrations. Usability of oral fluid testing had been limited by the sensitivity of analytical methods. The volume of oral fluid samples is typically much smaller than that of urine samples. Furthermore, oral fluid drug concentrations can be 10- to 100-fold lower than urine concentrations depending on analytes. Recent advances in analytical technologies lead to the growing popularity of oral fluid testing and subsequent need for scientific data to aid in interpretation of oral fluid test results. Summary This review presents preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical considerations associated with oral fluid drug testing for those contemplating the implementation of this alternative biological matrix in pain-management practice. Comparison with urine testing, collection procedure, drug stability, available technologies, scope of analysis, and drug disposition are discussed. As with other monitoring tools, oral fluid testing has advantages and limitations. The most important consideration is staying informed to use the testing within its capability.
Mathematical Modelling to Control the Chemical Composition of Blast Furnace Slag Using Artificial Neural Networks and Empirical Correlation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Portland cement additions have been used for many years with the main objective of reducing the amount of clinker. Among the additions, blast furnace slag, resulting from the production of pig iron, that is, reusing this by-product, reduces the emission of carbon dioxide as well as decreases the exploitation of natural limestone and clay reserves, which are raw materials for Portland clinker. In order to reduce these emissions and increase the availability of raw materials, research has been directed to study clinker-free binders, as is the case with activated alkali cements and supersulfated cements. In this way, alkali-activated cements can only involve the reuse of industry by-products and do not require the calcination of the raw material, thus reducing the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere. Supersulfated cement are composed of up to 90% blast furnace slag, in addition to 10 to 20% calcium sulfate. One of the most important characteristics of blast furnace slag is the ratio of the content of CaO and SiO 2 , also known as the simplified basicity index (B2). This paper proposes the mathematical modeling of an artificial neural network to predict the final chemical composition of the blast furnace slag to be produced based on the operational parameters of the blast furnace aiming its use in the production of special cements such as alkali-activated cements and supersulfated cements. The high values of (R) associated with low values (RMSE) show the good statistical performance of ANN demonstrating that the mathematical model is efficient to carry out the forecast of the production of blast furnace slag.
Two Cases of Pancreatic Cystic Tumor Associated with Pancreas Divisum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例1:70歳，女性．糖尿病で通院中，高アミラーゼ血症を指摘され当院を受診．CTにて膵頭部に壁在結節を伴った膵管拡張を認めた．MRCPでは背側膵管に壁在結節を示す低信号を認めた．ERCPでは主乳頭からは胆管のみが描出，副乳頭からは背側膵管のみが造影された．膵管癒合不全を伴った主膵管型膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍と診断し手術施行．病理組織学的検査では膵管内乳頭粘液性腺腫であった．症例2:70歳，女性．肝機能障害にて通院中，腹部超音波検査で異常を指摘され当院を受診．CTにて膵頭部に嚢胞性腫瘤を認め，膵管の拡張を伴っていた．ERCPでは主乳頭からは腹側膵管のみが造影され背側膵管は同定できなかった．MRCPで背側膵管は副乳頭側では拡張がなく，尾側で拡張していた．膵管癒合不全を伴った混合型膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍と診断し手術施行．病理組織検査検査ではmacrocystic typeの漿液性嚢胞腺腫であった．
Gene Transfer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yeasts are single-cell eukaryotic organisms that contain a relatively small genome yet display many cellular and molecular features in common with higher eukaryotes. Yeasts are easy to propagate and their genome is easy to manipulate, qualities that make them a good model organism for studying eukaryotic processes and for producing eukaryotic proteins. This section first discusses the importance of using yeasts in biotechnology, explains transformation in yeasts, and compares and contrasts the uses of yeasts and bacteria. Then, it moves on to plant transformation methodologies. Plants can be genetically transformed by biological and physical methods, and transgenic plants are increasingly important in agriculture. Many dicotyledonous plants (dicots) are attacked by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a pathogen causing crown gall tumors. Tumor production is induced by the presence of the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid. The Ti plasmid can be genetically manipulated to serve as a vector for genes of interest. The section also describes the mechanism and role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid infection in plants, and the significance of opines. In addition, it lists some applications of gene transfer in plants.
Combined Heart and Liver Transplantation in Delayed-Onset Propionic Acidemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Amish patients with propionic acidemia can have delayed presentations with rapid onset, severe cardiac decompensation despite metabolic control. Medical management is limited to strict low protein diet and correction of underlying catabolic triggers. Liver transplantation is indicated in pediatric patients with recurrent metabolic decompensation. There are limited reports of pediatric combined liver and heart transplantation. We present the first case of combined liver and heart transplantation in an Amish adult with newly diagnosed propionic acidemia and severe nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy on advanced cardiac life support. Special considerations were necessary for close metabolic status monitoring and prevention of catabolic states.
Decentralized Fictitious Play Converges Near a Nash Equilibrium in Near-Potential Games

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate convergence of decentralized fictitious play (DFP) in near-potential games, wherein agents preferences can almost be captured by a potential function. In DFP agents keep local estimates of other agents' empirical frequencies, best-respond against these estimates, and receive information over a time-varying communication network. We prove that empirical frequencies of actions generated by DFP converge around a single Nash Equilibrium (NE) assuming that there are only finitely many Nash equilibria, and the difference in utility functions resulting from unilateral deviations is close enough to the difference in the potential function values. This result assures that DFP has the same convergence properties of standard Fictitious play (FP) in near-potential games.
Structural analysis on mutations related to Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteins have a significant role in all biological processes. The functional properties of proteins rely upon their three-dimensional structures. Over the last twenty years substantial advances in genomic technologies have enhanced our knowledge of the genetics of Alzheimer’s disease. To that end the identification of mutations pathogenicity is still of vital importance. The methodology of the present research work focuses on the structural analysis of proteins related to Alzheimer’s disease and the comparative study to create groups with clear structural similarity and pathogenicity. To achieve that, three-dimensional descriptors (fpfh, rsd and 3dsc) were applied along with supervised machine learning classification methods. In total, 62 APP, 286 PSEN1, 68 PSEN2 and 25 MAPT variants were evaluated in our study.The output of the methodology characterized thirty mutations that were unclear at the point of the data collection.
Antibacterial activities and mineral induction abilities of proprietary MTA cements

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements are used in direct pulp capping and many other applications, and several types of these products have been commercialized. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial effects and mineral induction abilities of three conventional MTA cements and one resin-modified MTA cement. Agar diffusion tests revealed that, after setting, all four cements exhibited little antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans, with no significant differences among the materials. After 24 h, E. faecalis and S. mutans suspensions incubated in the presence of each cement did not exhibit reduced numbers of viable bacteria, compared with those same bacterial suspensions incubated without any cement; this indicated that none of the cements inhibited bacterial growth. Furthermore, the resin-modified MTA cement exhibited lower mineral induction ability, compared with that of the three conventional MTA cements.
Epizootiology of Haemoproteus meleagridis Protozoa: Haemosporina) in Florida: Potential Vectors and Prevalence in Naturally Infected Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 2-yr study of the epizootiology of Haemoproteus meleagridis from wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) was conducted in Florida. Twenty-nine species of potential Culicoides vectors were identified in New Jersey light trap collections at study sites in northern and southern Florida. Engorged individuals of 13 of these species were collected in turkey-baited Bennett traps; however, only Culicoides edeni Wirth & Blanton, C. hinmani Khalaf, C. arboricola Root & Hoffman, C. knowltoni Beck, and C. haematopotus Malloch were capable of supporting complete sporogonic development of the parasite. Two of these five species, i.e., C. edeni and C. hinmani, comprised more than 95% of the biting collections in southern Florida and 74% of the biting collections in northern Florida. Haemoproteus meleagridis was isolated from pools of unengorged C. edeni captured in November and May in northern Florida and from pools of unengorged C. edeni captured throughout the year in southern Florida. Minimum yearly prevalence of H. meleagridis in unengorged C. edeni was estimated to be 0.58% in northern Florida and 2.08% in southern Florida. The high susceptibility of C. edeni to sporogonic development of H. meleagridis, its high prevalence in biting collections, and the isolation of the parasite from naturally infected specimens implicate C. edeni as the primary vector of H. meleagridis in both northern and southern Florida.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Heterocycles:  Solid-Phase Synthesis of 6-Amino-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new solid-phase synthesis of trisubstituted 6-amino-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazines from a resin-bound amine component is described. The amine was readily converted to the corresponding polymer-bound S-methylthiopseudourea, which upon reaction with secondary amines gave the disubstituted guanidines. Cyclization of the polymer-bound guanidines with chlorocarbonylisocyanate afforded the triazinediones. The third point of diversity was introduced by the Mitsunobu reaction. The method is amenable for iterative combinatorial library generation.
Simplified equations for object trajectories in rotating space habitats and space juggling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rotating space habitats provide artificial gravity as a physiological countermeasure for long term space habitation, though the lived experience of a person in these habitats requires further investigation. Movement planning will require adaptation to the Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The multicultural arts of juggling can provide psycho-physiological countermeasures and interesting insights into movement planning and arts in both microgravity and rotating localities. Previously developed equations of motion for thrown objects in rotating habitats have not been centered within the lived rotating environment. Here I show as set of simplified equations for object trajectories in rotating environments and their underlying mathematical framework. The full set of possible trajectories for objects thrown in rotating environments is provided and a simplified approach to the Coriolis and centrifugal force differential equation using complex algebra is demonstrated. On Earth, thrown objects travel along parabolas. In rotating space environments, thrown objects will travel along a set of mathematical curves known as roulettes, created by a fixed circle and rolling line with generator point connected to the line. These roulette trajectories will be the everyday experience of every person living on a rotating space habitat forever.
Rapid evidence assessments of research to inform social policy: taking stock and moving forward

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a tension between conducting comprehensive systematic reviews and completing them in time to meet policy-making deadlines. The ‘rapid evidence assessment’ has been proposed as a solution to this; offering rigorous reviews in a condensed timescale. While used frequently in healthcare, this mode of reviewing presents considerable challenges in social policy. We describe some potential problems and suggest reviewing strategies that can overcome some of them. There are situations, however, in which it may not be feasible to embark on a rapid review, and caution should be exercised when selecting this method.
Structural and Biochemical Studies on Cohesion Establishment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sister-chromatid cohesion is a vital cellular process which involves the topological entrapment of sister-chromatids inside the ring of a protein complex called cohesin (Smc1, Smc3, Scc3 and Scc1). The early loss of cohesion can lead to chromosome mis-segregation, which in humans can cause the development of cancers. As a result, cells have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control cohesion throughout the cell cycle. Broadly, the cohesion cycle can be split into four stages loading, anti-establishment, establishment and release. The establishment of sisterchromatid cohesion occurs during S-phase with the passage of the replication fork, which is due to the acetylation of Smc3 at K112 and K113 through the action of the acetyltransferase called Eco1. Apart from this acetyltransferase, a number of other non-essential establishment factors have been identified, which include Chl1, Ctf4 and RFCCtf18. RFCCtf18 is a replication factor C (RFC) like complex formed of the seven subunits Ctf18, Rfc2-5, Dcc1 and Ctf8. Apart from sister-chromatid cohesion RFCCtf18 has also been shown to function in intra-S phase checkpoints. To further improve our understanding on the establishment of sister-chromatid cohesion the structures of the heterotrimer Ctf18C-Dcc1-Ctf8 was solved along with the acetyltransferase domain (ACT) of X. laevis Eco2 (xEco2) bound to two substrate peptides. The structure of Ctf18C-Dcc1-Ctf8 revealed that Dcc1 contained three tandem winged helix (WH) domains which could bind to both ssDNA and dsDNA. These WH domains were involved in recruiting RFCCtf18 to stalled replication forks. The structure of xEco2 ACT domain indicated that it had different binding mechanisms for both K112 and K113 substrates. To further investigate this, a mass spectrometry assay was employed to examine the relative rates of acetylation of K112 and K113. It was discovered that K112 acetylation occurs at a faster rate than the acetylation of K113.
Process and Parameter Optimization of the Double-Pulsed GMAW Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The double pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) process has been effectively employed to realize joining of steel plates and obtain weld bead surfaces with high quality fish scale ripples. In this work, a DP-GMAW process based on robot operation using the latest twinpulse XT DP control technology was employed to join the stainless-steel base plates. Four key operational parameters, which were robot welding speed, twin pulse frequency, twin pulse relation and twin pulse current change in percent, were selected to be input elements of orthogonal experimental design, which included nine experiments with three levels. To accurately understand the performance and process of weld bead obtained from DP-GMAW operation based on robot operation, the appearance observation and key shape parameters measurement, microstructure analysis, tensile and hardness testing, as well as stability analysis of the electrical signals, were conducted. Correlation analysis showed that the grain size was significantly correlative to the toughness and hardness. Then, to obtain quantitative evaluation results, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) was employed to provide quality evaluation of weld beads from the above experiments. The influential levels of the key operational parameters on the appearance, grain size and FCE scores, and corresponding physical analyses, were respectively presented. In addition, optimal parameters combinations for obtaining weld beads with optimal appearance, grain size, and the highest FCE scores of weld bead quality were respectively provided according to the range analysis of the results from orthogonal experimental design. This work can provide an effective analysis method of influential levels of key operational parameters on the performance of the weld bead, optimal operational parameters combination seeking method, and quantitative quality evaluation method for the DP-GMAW process, which can improve the process optimization and increase the production efficiency, both in academic research and actual industrial production.
An origin for arsenobetaine involving bacterial formation of an arsenicâcarbon bond

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lysed-cell extract of a Pseudomonas sp. was shown to catalyse bioconversion of dimethylarsinoylacetate to arsenobetaine and dimethylarsinate. Provision of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine to bioconversion mixtures promoted both the rate and extent of arsenobetaine formation. These findings suggest that in the proposed biosynthesis of arsenobetaine from dimethylarsinoylethanol, oxidation (i.e. the formation of the carboxymethyl group of dimethylarsinoylacetate) would precede the reduction and methylation at the arsenic atom. The presence of enzyme(s) capable of methylating dimethylarsinoylacetate in a bacterial isolate from marine mussel (Mylitus edulis), highlights a possible direct involvement of prokaryotic organisms in the biosynthesis of organoarsenic compounds within marine animals.
Flow Patterns During Condensation of Pure Refrigerants on Enhanced Tubes Under High Vapour Velocity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work experimentally investigates the effect of vapour velocity during condensation of a ref rigerant on the outside of a single horizontal enhanced tube with particular reference to the fluid-dynamic mechanisms indu ced by vapour shear stress, surface tension and gravity on the condensate flow. More than 70 experimental runs were done in a transparent test section in order to directly o bserve the condensation of vapour, to take photographs and video-camera film, with two different extended tubes (an integ ral-fin tube with 1333 fins per meter and a commercial pin-fin type Hitachi Thermoexcel tube) in a wide operative range . These direct observations were implemented with the heat transfer coefficients previously measured by the authors with th e same test tubes under the same operative conditions.
Cercospora beticola . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cercospora beticola Sacc. Hosts: Beet ( Beta vulgaris ). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India (Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh), (S.), (Punjab), (Maharastra), Indonesia (Java), (Irian Jaya), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah), Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Turkey, USSR (Armenia), (C. Asia), (Khirgizia), (Siberia), Yemen Arab Republic, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, EUROPE, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Britain (England), (Scotland), (Channel Islands), Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy (Sardinia), Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Bashkir, Estonia, Latvia, Leningrad, Lithuania, N. Caucasus, Ukraine) (Central Russia), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antigua, Antilles, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, Salvador, Trinidad & Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Distributed computing technologies for X-Sat mission control groundstation software system design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main objective of this academic research project is the design and development of a novel software architecture based on distributed computing technologies for aerospace flight control and test systems which typically demand a secure, robust, flexible and scalable network environment for their mission critical operations. The need for distributed operations and flexible inter-operability between a heterogeneous mixture of hardware/software systems via object-oriented connectivity leads to this Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design concept for the software architecture in NTU’s satellite groundstation. A typical application of this satellite ground control system would be the support for mission control and operation of the X-Sat micro-satellite project, such as telemetry, tracking and commanding applications. The SOA design concept and implementation framework for satellite ground control system have been successfully completed and examples of prototype implementations covering many aspects of satellite tracking, mission planning, telemetry/telecommand data distributions and web services are available for demonstrating all aspects of the SOA design concept which has been specialized to meet the technical requirements of the modern satellite ground control systems. These examples should prove useful as starting design patterns and learning/guiding tools for the actual implementation of the groundstation software. With the installation of the mission control groundstation antenna system and equipment, the infrastructure is ready for satellite ground segment and future space internet research and development activities in the Satellite Engineering Centre.