jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physiological Monitoring in Human MRS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the intensity and modalities used for monitoring may vary in different contexts, both healthy volunteers and patients may need clinical and physiological monitoring during magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examinations. In most instances, the purpose of monitoring is to ensure subject safety, an aim that may be particularly relevant in critically ill and/or unstable patients. However, in MRS studies which provide data regarding metabolism in acute illness (e.g., 1H- or 31P-MRS in ischemic stroke), the maintenance of physiological stability and documentation of key variables may be essential not just for patient safety but also to interpret spectroscopic data. In contrast to MRI, these requirements may be more critical for MRS studies due to their generally longer duration. This article discusses general considerations to safely scan both healthy volunteers and patients, and to ensure subject comfort, and discusses some specific examples to illustrate how monitoring may be performed in special circumstances. Many of the principles described in this article can be applied to MRI in general, not just spectroscopy.
Eksploitasi Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Di Seine Meratapi Citarum melalui Pendekatan Ekokritik

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Disasters, pollution, and animal hunting continue to occur unnoticed that humans are part of their lives. The purpose of this study is to explore the form of the study of the short story writer "On the Seine Lamenting Citarum" which has an environmental theme. and analyze the ecocritical elements reflected by the author through a short story, "On the Seine Lamenting Citarum". This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The approach used is the Garrard ecocritical approach. The data source consists of three short stories, namely, "On the Seine Lamenting Citarum" the author reflects on environmental phenomena which include water pollution. Exploitation of nature which brings casualties. The environmental phenomenon contained in the short story focuses on pollution, settlements, and the earth.
Losing innocents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract “Losing Innocents” is an account of working with mentally ill persons in the Psychiatric Emergency Services Department of a large urban hospital. These cases are based on the author's real experiences and personal observations. They illustrate the lack of managed care directive to adequately treat persons suffering from chronic mental illness. The title reflects the author's feelings regarding day‐to‐day witnessing of the offenses to dignity, self‐respect, and humanity inflicted on people with chronic mental illnesses, not only by managed care, but by our society as a whole.
Nutritional assessment and severity of illness classification systems: A critical review on their clinical relevance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Several studies have attempted to define nutritional parameters that can be used to select undernourished hospitalized patients and identify those who present higher risk of postoperative septic complications. Nevertheless, the majority of these studies do not take into consideration the severity of infectious episodes. Systems for scoring the severity of illness are of critical importance in hospital practice and clinical research. In fact, they could be used for the following purposes: (a) a more correct stratification of patients in clinical studies; (b) monitoring the evolution of the infectious complication; (c) prediction of survival; (d) optimization of the criteria for admission to and discharge from intensive care units; and (e) evaluation of quality, quantity, and costs of nutritional therapy in critically ill patients. In this article, the authors present a critical review on the clinical relevance of the methods of nutritional assessment more commonly used in clinical practice; and, moreover they discuss the more recently proposed systems for scoring the severity of illness .
Parafunctions, signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among adolescents 14 to 15 years of age

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD) increasingly affect not only adults but also adolescents. Parafunctions are cited as the most common cause of TMD. Aim of the study. To determine the prevalence of oral parafunctions, signs and symptoms of TMD among adolescents. Methods. The study was performed as a part of an early detection of risk factors for civilization diseases program – SOPKARD1 in 96 children aged 14-15 years. Each participant filled in a questionnaire regarding their oral habits and symptoms of TMD and underwent physical examination of the muscles and temporomadibular joints. The analysis of the mandible mobility models was also made. Results. Leaning one’s chin on the hand (73.68%), lip biting (58.33%) and intensive gum chewing (51.04%) were the most common habits among the study group. Persistence of an infantile swallow pattern was observed in over one-fifth of patients (20.83%). The most common signs were teeth impressions on tongue and cheeks (53.13%), increased muscle tone (57.29%) and dysfunctions in mandibular mobility (53.13%). Most subjects (92.71%) manifested at least one sign or symptom, whereas 46.88% two or three. A statistically significant association was found between chewing gum and muscle response, as well as infantile swallow pattern and open bite and muscle response. Conclusions. Most adolescent aged 14-15 were subject to some parafunctional habits. There is a requirement to introduce an educational program in schools in order to present the destructive consequences of parafunctions on the stomatognathic system health and the possibility of prevention or treatment.
Potential Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts of the COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Test

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive diagnostic testing has been performed for appropriate screening and identification of COVID-19 cases in the ongoing global pandemic. However, the environmental impacts of COVID-19 diagnostics have been least considered. In this paper, the environmental impacts of the COVID-19 nucleic acid diagnostics were assessed by following a full cradle-to-grave life-cycle approach. The corresponding life-cycle anthology was established to provide quantitative analysis. Moreover, three alternative scenarios, i.e., material substitution, improved waste treatment, and electric vehicle (EV)-based transportation, were further proposed to discuss the potential environmental mitigation and conservation strategies. It was estimated that the life cycle of a single COVID-19 nucleic acid diagnostic test in China would lead to the emission of 612.9 g CO2 equiv global warming potential. Waste treatment, as a step of life cycle, worsen the environmental impacts such as global warming potential, eutrophication, and ecotoxicity. Meanwhile, diesel-driven transportation was considered as the major contributor to particulate air. Even though COVID-19 diagnostics are of the greatest importance to end the pandemic, their environmental impacts should not be ignored. It is suggested that improved approaches for waste treatment, low-carbon transportation, and a reliable pool sampling strategy are critical for the achievement of sustainable and green diagnostics.
New Bacterial Phytase through Metagenomic Prospection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alkaline phytases from uncultured microorganisms, which hydrolyze phytate to less phosphorylated myo-inositols and inorganic phosphate, have great potential as additives in agricultural industry. The development of metagenomics has stemmed from the ineluctable evidence that as-yet-uncultured microorganisms represent the vast majority of organisms in most environments on earth. In this study, a gene encoding a phytase was cloned from red rice crop residues and castor bean cake using a metagenomics strategy. The amino acid identity between this gene and its closest published counterparts is lower than 60%. The phytase was named PhyRC001 and was biochemically characterized. This recombinant protein showed activity on sodium phytate, indicating that PhyRC001 is a hydrolase enzyme. The enzymatic activity was optimal at a pH of 7.0 and at a temperature of 35 °C. β-propeller phytases possess great potential as feed additives because they are the only type of phytase with high activity at neutral pH. Therefore, to explore and exploit the underlying mechanism for β-propeller phytase functions could be of great benefit to biotechnology.
Changes in Working Memory Structural Connectomes During Reduced Intensity Therapy for WNT-subtype Medulloblastoma

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Motivation: Cognitive impairment following treatment of medulloblastoma has been associated with white matter structural changes and altered structural brain connectivity. Goal(s): We hypothesized that decreased intensity therapy would reduce acute change in the working memory structural connectome. Approach: Working memory structural connectomes were assessed relative to baseline after 15 Gy craniospinal irradiation (RT), after subsequent reduced-intensity chemotherapy, and during follow-up for 24 children treated for WNT-subtype (WNT) medulloblastoma. Results: Changes after RT or chemotherapy showed small increases in connectivity strength in frontal striatal edges indicating little acute change. Follow-up revealed significant decreases in connectivity of the bilateral connections between caudate/thalamus. Impact: Increased connectivity of frontal striatal edges after therapy and decreased connectivity of caudate/thalamus edges in follow-up for patients receiving reduced intensity therapy for WNT medulloblastoma may indicate a low incidence of acute changes.
Chemo-photodynamic Activity of Silicon Phthalocyanines Bearing Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most lethal cancer worldwide, resulting in over 1 million cases and 900 000 deaths per year. According to population-based studies, administration of long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was proven to reduce the risk of a subject developing colorectal cancer. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of two different NSAIDs, sulindac- (Pc-1) or diclofenac-substituted (Pc-2) asymmetric silicon phthalocyanine derivatives, was evaluated in four different colorectal cancer cell lines bearing various carcinogenic mutations. In this context, the IC50 values of each compound after 24 and 48 h were determined on HCT116, SW480, LoVo, and HT29 cell lines, and the effects of the compounds on programmed cell death pathways apoptosis and autophagy, their impact on cell cycle progression, and the effect of NSAID moieties they bear on COX-1 and COX-2 proteins were analyzed. In addition, the photophysical and photochemical properties of a synthesized Pc derivative bearing axial diclofenac and triethylene glycol groups (Pc-2) have been investigated, and the compound has been characterized by using different analytical techniques. Our results indicated that both compounds inhibit COX protein expression levels, activate apoptosis in all cell lines, and lead to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, depending on the COX expression profiles of the cell lines, indicating that NSAIDs can be coupled with Pc's to achieve increased anti-cancer activity, especially on cancer cells known to have high COX activity.
Abstract TMP70: Reduced Hippocampal Synapses Underlie Loss of Long-Term Potentiation after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often have deficits in learning, memory and executive function, although structural brain damage may not be detectable. We previously reported that rodents with SAH develop cognitive deficits and loss of long-term potentiation (LTP), a probable electrophysiological correlate of learning and memory. We hypothesize that loss of LTP may be caused by diminished synapses and/or dysfunction of synaptic molecules responsible for LTP, and that this occurs without neuronal death. Methods: SAH was created by injection of 300 μl of fresh, unheparinized arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern of Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350g). Controls were injected with the same amount of saline. Cell death was detected with Fluoro-jade B and TUNEL staining. The number of synapses in dendritic layer of CA1 was quantified by double immunohistochemical staining of MAP2 and synaptophysin, or directly by transmission electron microscopy. Glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1/2) and CaM kinase II were quantified by immunohistochemical staining. Superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in freshly homogenized hippocampal tissues were detected by spectrophotometry with DAF-2DA and MCLA dyes. Results: In the dendritic area of CA1, the number of synapses was significantly decreased after SAH compared to controls (54±4/image for SAH, 74±3 for controls, p<0.001). Similarly, the expression of GluR1, GluR2 and CaM kinase II was decreased in SAH rats. Decreased superoxide (0.038±0.006 for SAH, 0.059±0.01 for control p<0.001) but increased NO was detected in rats with SAH as compared to controls (1251±118 for SAH, 518±118 for controls, p<0.001). Fluoro-jade B and TUNEL staining disclosed no to minimal CA1 cell death. Conclusions: Loss of LTP after SAH in rats may be due to a synaptic plasticity rather than cell death. Decreased immunoreactivity to GluR1, GluR2 and CaM kinase II suggests reduction in key proteins that mediator LTP may also contribute. Decreased superoxide and increased NO suggest oxidative stress is involved in the loss of LTP.
NONTRADITIONAL FORMS OF LECTURES AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STUDENTS’ EDUCATION IN HIGHER AGAR EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Олійник кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри фізичного виховання та психолого-педагогічних дисциплін Вінницького національного аграрного університету Л
INCONSISTENCIES IN TEXTBOOK PRESENTATION OF SUBSTITUTION AND INCOME EFFECTS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Labour economics textbooks present inconsistent methods for determining substitution and income effects.Hicks (1939) and Samuelson (1953) developed two different methods separating substitution and income effects.While both methods result in the same conclusion regarding the direction of the effects, they differ on magnitude of the effects.Furthermore, economics instructors are typically unaware of the inconsistency in labour economics textbooks, causing them to consider students' answers as incorrect when they may not be.This paper advocates for the selection of a standard approach in labour economics instruction, and acknowledges that these different methods are currently a source of confusion for students.
Treatment options in surgical management of breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The surgical approach to primary operable breast cancer has changed greatly within the past millenium. In the last 20 years collaborative patient trials have generated a wealth of valuable information that now allows us the opportunity to offer women a number of surgical options where before there was only one. The long awaited results of the chemoprevention trials will almost certainly change our surgical approach even further. Many questions regarding the management of breast cancer remain unanswered.
The Potential of Piperidine Alkaloids-rich Extracts from Prosopis spp. to Combat Plant Pests and Diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Prosopis comprises 44 species of spiny small trees adapted to arid and semiarid regions of the planet that have been used by human populations as a source of wood, food and medicine. Prosopis spp. possess high quantities of phenolic compounds and piperidine alkaloids with antioxidant, neurotoxic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, insecticidal and allelopathic activities. Juliprosopine is the major and more characterized piperidine alkaloid present in the genus Prosopis. In this review we present the potential of Prosopis spp. extracts and piperidine alkaloids for the control of plant pests and diseases and discuss the possibility of their use as an alternative in organic agriculture.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPRES HANGAT TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PACEDA KOTA BITUNG

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background The discomfort felt by pregnant women with a prevalence of 68% is back pain. If not addressed immediately, it will have a negative impact and interfere with the activities of pregnant women. Warm compresses are beneficial for improving blood circulation and reducing aches or pains.Purpose of this study is known the effect of giving warm compresses on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester in the working area of the Paceda Health Center. Methods uses a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test research design. The sample was taken based on the number of respondents as many as 17 pregnant women in the third trimester using purposive samples. Data collection was carried out using the NRS pain observation sheet (numeric rating scale). Furthermore, the collected data was processed using the help of the SPSS program computer to be analyzed by the Wilcoxon test with a significance level (?) of ? 0.05. Result showed that a decrease in the scale of mild pain was obtained in this study as many as 15 respondents (88.2%). From the results of the Wilcoxon test, a p value = 0.000 was obtained with a significant ? 0.05 which means that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of giving warm compresses on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester in the working area of the Paceda Health Center Bitung City. It is hoped that the Paceda Health Center will provide education to pregnant women on how to overcome back pain with warm compresses.
Mechanical properties of colloidal crystals at fluid interfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We characterise the local mechanical properties of two-dimensional colloidal crystals with hexagonal symmetry assembled at the flat interface between oil and water. Our experiments elucidate the conditions under which the material behaves isotropically, as opposed to those where the microstructure plays a major role. Brownian fluctuations are used to extract the stiffness of the lattice under the continuum approximation, whereas at larger displacements, obtained by optically driving one particle through the structure, the mechanical resistance of the lattice depends on both the area fraction and the direction of the applied force. Remarkably, the minimum resistance does not necessarily correspond to a probe being driven between neighbours, i.e. at 30° with respect to the crystal axes.
SH0958637.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Is Acanthosis Nigricans a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) was proposed as an insulin resistance marker and an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes (1). A number of studies had associated AN with insulin resistance (IR) and much higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in childhood. (2)

Although children with AN are often obese, only few studies have considered the roles of BMI and AN as independent markers of IR. The purpose of this research was to compare several indexes of IR (i.e., homeostasis model assessment of IR [HOMA-IR], insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 [IGFBP1] levels, and base insulinemia) in obese children with and without AN and to determine the rate of association between AN and BMI, HDL, triglycerides, and other predictors of type 2 diabetes.

A total …
Neural networks and Markov models for the iterated prisoner's dilemma

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The study of strategic interaction among a society of agents is often handled using the machinery of game theory. This research examines how a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model may be applied to an important element of repeated game theory: the iterated prisoner's dilemma. Our study uses a Markovian approach to the game to represent the problem of in a computer simulation environment. A pure Markov approach is used on a simplified version of the iterated game and then we formulate the general game as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). Finally, we use a cellular structure as an environment for players to compete and adapt. We apply both a simple replacement strategy and a cellular neural network to the environment. ©2009 IEEE.
Steroid Dependent Ulcerated Erythema Nodosum Leprosum 16 Years after Successful Treatment of Leprosy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leprosy could be best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses. The second is lepra reaction, whose course and sequelae often extend many years beyond the cure of the infection and may have severely debilitating physical, social, and psychological consequences. Type-2 lepra reaction is also termed Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) regardless of the site of involvement, which is in turn a Coomb and Gell Type III hypersensitivity reaction. The paradox of ENL is that it can be a life-threatening disorder and requires control with immunosuppression which may itself pose life-threatening risks for patients Indian studies found its prevalence rate of almost 50% in those with LL and 9% in BL cases and the mean time to presentation with ENL was 3.7 months after starting multi-drug therapy (MDT). Hitherto we report a severe and steroid dependent case of chronic ulcerated ENL, not only occurred sixteen years after successful treatment of lepromatous leprosy, but also had an unusual initial presentation of arthritis. To the best of our knowledge, ENL for such a prolonged period of 15 years was not reported earlier. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.2002J Medicine 2009; 10: 31-33