jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Capitalism Expands but the Discourse is Radicalized: Whither ‘21st Century Venezuelan Socialism’?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Protagonistic democracy’, ‘initiative from below’, or ‘autonomous agency’ is presented by critical left supporters of Venezuelan socialism as counter-balancing Chavez’s statist top-down tendencies. Why should it only counter-balance and not go beyond Chavismo and any reified state power? This has to do with presenting it, often unwittingly, as an undifferentiated bloc, albeit internally highly democratic and empowering. What therefore needs to be highlighted is internal contradiction and differentiation within protagonistic democracy, so that what Marx in the Communist Manifesto once called ‘a line of march’ of the movement as a whole is emphasized – something overlooked by scholars like Michael Lebowitz. Without a ‘line of march’, the most radical democratic practices can get boxed into a ‘bloc’ fighting a reified, externalized enemy. ‘Class struggle’ gets reduced to a populist fight against ‘alien elements’, ‘conspiratorial foreign oligarchs’ and so on – is this not the experience of ‘21st century humanist socialism’ so far?
An Animal Model for Testing Organophosphates in the Field

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The General Problem of Risk Assessment Although there has been much research on agricultural chemicals and their toxic effects, and although each agent must be subjected to a battery of short and long-term tests before it is registered, there is still no agreement on what is required to establish safe levels of exposure of many widely used insecticides such as the organophosphates. One problem is the kinds of data available. There are dose-response data for laboratory animals, residue analyses for plants and soils under several environmental conditions and information on the effects of low levels of chemicals on field workers (Figure 1). However, there is little known about the extent of absorption of organphosphates through the skin even though most of them enter the body by this route, and there is no universally accepted way to compare data on laboratory animals to the information available for humans. Figure 2 diagrammatically
Cross Species Expression Analysis using a Dirichlet Process Mixture Model with Latent Matchings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies compare gene expression data across species to identify core and species specific genes in biological systems. To perform such comparisons researchers need to match genes across species. This is a challenging task since the correct matches (orthologs) are not known for most genes. Previous work in this area used deterministic matchings or reduced multidimensional expression data to binary representation. Here we develop a new method that can utilize soft matches (given as priors) to infer both, unique and similar expression patterns across species and a matching for the genes in both species. Our method uses a Dirichlet process mixture model which includes a latent data matching variable. We present learning and inference algorithms based on variational methods for this model. Applying our method to immune response data we show that it can accurately identify common and unique response patterns by improving the matchings between human and mouse genes.
Oil and the Stock Market: An Industry Level Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract I investigate the impact of daily oil price changes on the stock returns of a wide array of industries. I find that in addition to the stock returns of industries that depend heavily on oil, stock returns of some industries that use little oil also are sensitive to oil prices perhaps because their main customers are impacted by oil price changes. In addition, I present robust estimates of industries’ cost‐side and demand‐side dependence on oil. These measures can serve as reliable benchmarks when classifying industries into oil‐intensive and non–oil‐intensive groups, a distinction widely used in studies and media without any quantitative justification so far. Further, I find that the sensitivity of industries’ returns to oil price changes depends on both the cost‐side and demand‐side dependence on oil and that the relative effects of these factors vary across industries.
Disclosing the network structure of private companies on the web

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – It is common for an international company to have different brands, products or services, information for investors, a corporate blog, affiliates, branches in different countries, etc. If all these contents appear as independent additional web domains (AWDs), the company should be represented on the web by all these web domains, since many of these AWDs may acquire remarkable performance that could mask or distort the real web performance of the company, affecting therefore on the understanding of web metrics. The purpose of this paper is to determine the amount, type, web impact and topology of the AWDs in commercial companies in order to get a better understanding on their complete web impact and structure. Design/methodology/approach – The set of companies belonging to the Spanish IBEX-35 stock index has been analysed as testing bench. The authors proceeded to identify and categorise all AWDs belonging to these companies, and to apply both web impact (web presence and visibility) and network metrics. Findings – The results show that AWDs get a high web presence but relatively low web visibility, due to certain opacity or less dissemination of some AWDs favoring its isolation. This is verified by the low network density values obtained, that occur because AWDs are strongly connected with the corporate domain (although asymmetrically), but very weakly linked each other. Research limitations/implications – The categories used to classify the various AWD, although they are clearly distinguishable conceptually, have certain limitations in practice, since they depend on the form adopted by companies to publish certain content or to provide certain services or products. Otherwise, the use of web indicators presents certain problems of accuracy that could be softened if applied with caution and in a relational basis. Originality/value – Although the processes of AWDs creation and categorisation are complex (web policy seems not to be driven by a defined or conscious plan), their influence on the web performance of IBEX 35 companies is meaningful. This research measures the AWDs influence on companies under webometric terms for the first time.
[Modern methods of early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic-oviduct pregnancy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Medical documentation of 80 women operated on because of ectopic pregnancy between the years 1991-1992 was analyzed. Methods of early diagnosis and ways of surgical approaches were discussed. Authors of this article give priority to controlling beta sub-unit HCG acc. to Romero, to ultrasonographic vaginal probe examination and to diagnostic laparoscopy. Early surgical intervention increases the chances to maintain woman's fertility. All procedures on women with ectopic--oviduct pregnancy should be sparing, depending on the ward equipment and personnel training and should be performed by the means of operative laparoscopy method.
Lesson Learned from an Unsuccessful Multi-Stage Fracturing Case and an Improved Completion Design in Thin-Interbed Reservoirs in Tarim Basin, China

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing have been proved to be an efficient technology to exploit thin-interbed reservoirs. However, problems were encountered during multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells in the Silurian reservoir in Ta-zhong Oilfield, western China. This paper mainly discussed the causes of these problems and the optimized completion and fracturing designs to avoid these problems. Ta-zhong Silurian reservoir is a thin-interbed, low-permeability reservoir with buried depth from 4000 to 4500m. The sand distribution is heterogeneous both vertically and horizontally. A horizontal well in this reservoir was fractured twice using two different multistage fracturing technologies, firstly hydraulic jetting fracturing and then packer-segregated fracturing. Abnormal pumping pressure and difficulties to add proppants were encountered in both of the two operations. The causes to these failures will be analyzed comprehensively, based on which an optimized multi-stage fracturing design of this well will be proposed through numerical modeling and analysis. According to the analysis, defective completion and fracturing design is the main cause of the failures experienced in the two operations. The ill-considered jetting parameters caused the difficulties of fracture propagation and proppant placement during the hydraulic jetting fracturing treatment, whereas inappropriate perforating intervals led to simultaneous initiation of multiple fractures in each stage during the packer-segregated fracturing treatment. These fractures interfered with each other and led to great near-wellbore pressure losses and fracture reorientation, and then resulted in abnormally high pumping pressure and challenges of proppant placement. Several changes to avoid these problems are proposed and incorporated in a new multi-stage fracturing design. The jetting parameters, fracture spacing, fracture geometries as well as perforation parameters are all optimized by numerical modeling in the new design of well A and other horizontal wells in Ta-zhong Silurian reservoir, which is expected to avoid the above-mentioned problems and obtain better results. Nowadays, horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing are a common-used technology in tight thin-interbed formations. However, the design of segregated completion and multi-stage fracturing is still a challenge for such formations. This paper introduced the lessons learned from a failure case and proposed an optimized completion and fracturing design, therefore provided a good reference for completion design of the wells in Ta-zhong Silurian reservoir as well as similar reservoirs in the world.
FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF THE DRYLAND ZONE OF NIGERIA: POLICIES, CHALLENGES AND UTILISATION

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nigerian forest policies are said to be conflicting with a lot of duplications and inconsistences in formulation when compared with other countries of the world. The dryland areas consist of a number of potential uses as reflected in the number of trees and shrubs which are grouped. An Agroforestry initiative contributes greatly by increasing products and services on farm. The challenges in future dryland forest are enormous to all stakeholders which needs to create sustainable balance between utilisation and conservations. The management of dryland forest in Nigeria, its utilisation, policies and challenges are reviewed in this paper. Keyword: dryland, forest management, policies, challenges
Temperature- and Magnetic-Field-Dependent Optical Properties of Heavy Quasiparticles in YbIr2Si2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent optical conductivity\nspectra of the heavy electron metal YbIr$_2$Si$_2$. Upon cooling below the\nKondo temperature ($T_{\\rm K}$), we observed a typical charge dynamics that is\nexpected for a formation of a coherent heavy quasiparticle state. We obtained a\ngood fitting of the Drude weight of the heavy quasiparticles by applying a\nmodified Drude formula with a photon energy dependence of the quasiparticle\nscattering rate that shows a similar power-law behavior as the temperature\ndependence of the electrical resistivity. By applying a magnetic field of 6T\nbelow $T_{\\rm K}$, we found a weakening of the effective dynamical mass\nenhancement by about 12% in agreement with the expected decrease of the\n$4f$-conduction electron hybridization on magnetic field.\n
Determination of Critical Points of Hypoeutectoid Steels / Wyznaczanie Punktów Krytycznych W Stalach Podeutektoidalnych

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a new approach to interpretation of hypoeutectoid steel dilatograms upon heating between the austenite start and austenite finish temperatures. The proposed derivative curve separation method yields data which accords with the experimental results. Besides the new method appears a useful tool whereby it becomes possible to confirm the evidence reported earlier in literature that when a hypoeutectoid steel heats up to between the A 1 and the A 3 both ferrite and pearlite start to transform into austenite almost at the same time.
Enhanced Performance of a Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging Agent by Encapsulation in Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800512 The author (M.J.S.) wishes to correct the conflict of interest disclosure on this paper; in addition to being a founder and having an equity interest in Spinnaker Biosciences, Inc., M.J.S. also sits on its board of directors.
Quality Assurance in Individual Monitoring for External Radiation – Results of EURADOS Survey 2012

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: EURADOS Working Group 2 (WG2) on Harmonization of Individual Monitoring is a network of institutions and individual monitoring services (IMSs), built up over the last 20 years, that aims to promote quality, technical excellence and good practice in Europe. In pursuit of these aims, in 2012 WG2 carried out a survey of IMSs in Europe. The survey was sent to about 170 IMS and included questions on: the use of formal quality assurance (QA) standards, QA in dosimetry, matters of practice, and common sources of error. This report details the main findings of the survey and compares them with those of an earlier study (2003). The survey found that the profile of QA is high amongst the responding IMSs, and that most are following good practice. A majority of services comply with published quality standards and good attention is paid to traceability, validation of methods, and proficiency testing. However there are some areas where lessons can be learned, for example in the assessment of measurement uncertainty; and it remains very instructive to see what the main causes of error are for IMSs in general.
Development and Evaluation of the Panoramic Night Vision Goggle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel approach to significantly increasing the field of view (FOV) of night vision goggles (NVGs) has been developed and demonstrated.This approach uses four image intensifier tubes instead of the usual two to produce a very wide 1 0 0 degree horizontal by about 4 0 degree vertical FOV.A conceptual working model, designated the Panoramic NVG, has been fabricated and evaluated.
Institutions and Models for Maldistribution

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Chapter 6 presents simulation results from a simple, demand-driven economic growth and distribution model based on the numbers we have discussed. This chapter provides background for the simulations. It first takes up proposed institutional explanations for increasing income inequality, with regard to labor market power, then forces supporting high profits and wealth, and implications of duality. The second part of the chapter summarizes aspects of demand-driven macroeconomics as it is influenced by distribution. Relevant algebra is presented in the Appendix.
Collectors of Rhodiola species on the Sichuan-Tibetan and Sichuan-Shaanxi borders

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Medicinal Rhodiola species, including Rhodiola rosea L. and Rhodiola crenulata (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Ohba, have been widely used as traditional herbal medicines with numerous claims for their therapeutic effects. Faced with resource depletion, environment destruction and higher demand, R. rosea and R. crenulata are becoming endangered, making them economically even more valuable, but also increasing the risk of adulteration and low quality - and raising awareness for the role of often unlicensed collectors and middlemen.\nAlthough R. rosea is the most well known in Europe, R. crenulata is the recognised species in China. On the border of Sichuan and Tibet, members of the Yi minority collect R. crenulata in order to sell it to the “traditional” Chinese medicine market. Collection of this medicinal herb represents about one third of the annual income for the Yi. Three times a year they climb up to 5,000 metres in search of the plants. As it is stripped out, the Yi have to travel to more and more inhospitable places to ensure its supply.\nAt Taibai mountain along the border of Sichuan and Shaanxi, the same medicinal plant, hongjingtian in Chinese, is growing in the wild, too. Yet, in a socioeconomic context, collectors do not have a particular ethnic background such as Yi, Tibetan or Han collectors. Here, the collectors are various unlicensed providers-cum-prescribers 'caoyi'. (The term does not mean herb-physician, as one might assume from terms such as caoyao (herbals). It means unofficial or not following the scholarly standard.) Using neither an ethnic identity nor the general botanical terms in Latin, they claim Daoism and terroir of their mountain as a sign of good quality ‘Taibai hongjingtian’.\nThere appears to be no strategy in place to protect the species across all those socioeconomic, ethnic and provincial boundaries, and without some intervention it is likely that R. crenulata will eventually become so rare that it can no longer be collected in the current quantities. This will have consequences both for the livelihoods of the Yi and of various Caoyi, and also for the conservation of R. Crenulata and it’s sustainability.\n
Factors Influencing Smartphone Overdependence in Korean Adolescents: Focusing on Health and Health Behavior Characteristics

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

연구 목적: 본 연구는 한국 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존에 따른 인구사회학적, 건강관련, 및 건강행태 특성의 차이를 살펴보고, 스마트폰 과의존 영향요인을 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. 연구 방법: 2021년에 실시된 제17차 청소년 건강형태조사 원자료를 사용하여 한국 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존에 따른 특성별 차이와 영향 요인을 분석하기 위해 카이제곱분석과 다중로지스틱회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구 내용: 연구결과, 성별, 학교유형, 경제상태, 학업성적, 우울경험, 외로움 정도, 주관적 건강인지, 평생흡연 및 음주 경험이 스마트폰 과의존의 영향요인으로 나타났다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구에서 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존 영향요인으로 파악된 요인을 근거로 향후 청소년 스마트폰 과의존으로 인한 문제행동을 파악하고 스마트폰 중독과 관련된 문제해결을 위한 중재 프로그램 개발연구를 제언한다.
The PBW filtration and convex polytopes in type $\tt B$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the PBW filtration on irreducible finite--dimensional representations for the Lie algebra of type $\tt B_n$. We prove in several cases, including all multiples of the adjoint representation and all irreducible finite--dimensional representations for $\tt B_3$, that there exists a normal polytope such that the lattice points of this polytope parametrize a basis of the corresponding associated graded space. As a consequence we obtain several classes of favourable modules and graded combinatorial character formulas.
Testing and simulation of extruded polystyrene foam at low to moderate strain rates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a study into the behaviour of extruded polystyrene foam at low strain rates. The foam is being studied in order assess its potential for use as part of a new innovative design of portable road safety barrier the aim to consume less water and reduce rates of serious injury. The foam was tested at a range of low strain rates, with the stress and strain behaviour of the foam specimens being recorded. The energy absorption capabilities of the foam were assessed as well as the response of the foam to multiple loadings. The experimental data was then used to create a material model of the foam for use in the explicit finite element solver LS-DYNA. Simulations were carried out using the material model which showed excellent correlation between the numerical material model and the experimental data.
Bio-Based Innovation and the Global Patent System: Exploring the WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This opinion critically examines the 2024 WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge, a new instrument addressing the use of genetic resources (GR), and traditional knowledge associated with GR (ATK) in the global patent system. Given the Treaty’s position at the intersection of intellectual property and environmental law, this article discusses its history and negotiation in the first part, including the Treaty’s links to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). It then discusses the concept of bio-based innovation and its role in the bioeconomy. Following this, the article assesses the Treaty’s contents, including its context and objectives, scope, the Patent Disclosure Requirement (PDR), sanctions and remedies for non-compliance with the PDR, information systems on GR and ATK, and its relationship with other international instruments. The article highlights the extensive diplomatic negotiations that shaped the final text and considers potential amendments that could be made during the Treaty’s review process. The Treaty is intended to improve the global patent system’s effectiveness, transparency, and quality concerning GR and ATK and to prevent Offices from granting patents erroneously. Its provisions present new challenges and complexities for stakeholders, and its long-term success will depend on ongoing international collaboration and engagement, both within and outside the Treaty’s framework, and ensuring equitable benefit-sharing from the use of GR and ATK as part of a global sustainable bioeconomy.
Guava Detection and Pose Estimation Using a Low-Cost RGB-D Sensor in the Field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fruit detection in real outdoor conditions is necessary for automatic guava harvesting, and the branch-dependent pose of fruits is also crucial to guide a robot to approach and detach the target fruit without colliding with its mother branch. To conduct automatic, collision-free picking, this study investigates a fruit detection and pose estimation method by using a low-cost red–green–blue–depth (RGB-D) sensor. A state-of-the-art fully convolutional network is first deployed to segment the RGB image to output a fruit and branch binary map. Based on the fruit binary map and RGB-D depth image, Euclidean clustering is then applied to group the point cloud into a set of individual fruits. Next, a multiple three-dimensional (3D) line-segments detection method is developed to reconstruct the segmented branches. Finally, the 3D pose of the fruit is estimated using its center position and nearest branch information. A dataset was acquired in an outdoor orchard to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Quantitative experiments showed that the precision and recall of guava fruit detection were 0.983 and 0.948, respectively; the 3D pose error was 23.43° ± 14.18°; and the execution time per fruit was 0.565 s. The results demonstrate that the developed method can be applied to a guava-harvesting robot.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes between running versus interrupted vesicourethral anastomosis in open radical prostatectomy: A single-surgeon experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both anastomosis techniques provided similar functional results and a similar rate of postoperative urine extravasation. However, running vesicourethral anastomosis decreased the rate of intraoperative extravasation and time for anastomosis, without increasing the risk of urinary retention or bladder neck contracture.