jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NFATc4 knockout promotes neuroprotection and retinal ganglion cell regeneration after optic nerve injury

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons transmitting visual information via the optic nerve, fail to regenerate their axons after injury. The progressive loss of RGC function underlies the pathophysiology of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, often leading to irreversible blindness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the regulators of RGC survival and the regenerative program. In this study, we investigated the role of the family of transcription factors known as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which are expressed in the retina; however, their role in RGC survival after injury is unknown. Using the optic nerve crush (ONC) model, widely employed to study optic neuropathies and central nervous system axon injury, we found that NFATc4 is specifically but transiently up-regulated in response to mechanical injury. In the injured retina, NFATc4 immunolocalized primarily to the ganglionic cell layer. Utilizing NFATc4−/− and NFATc3−/− mice, we demonstrated that NFATc4, but not NFATc3, knockout increased RGC survival, improved retina function, and delayed axonal degeneration. Microarray screening data, along with decreased immunostaining of cleaved caspase-3, revealed that NFATc4 knockout was protective against ONC-induced degeneration by suppressing pro-apoptotic signaling. Finally, we used lentiviral-mediated NFATc4 delivery to the retina of NFATc4−/− mice and reversed the pro-survival effect of NFATc4 knockout, conclusively linking the enhanced survival of injured RGCs to NFATc4-dependent mechanisms. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that NFATc4 knockout may confer transient RGC neuroprotection and decelerate axonal degeneration after injury, providing a potent therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathies.
Investor Reactions to Financial Analysts' Research Reports

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to show that investors' reactions to information in financial analysts' research reports depend on characteristics of both the analyst and the report. Much prior research has described how investors react to information from analysts in general (see Schipper [.1991] ); more recent attention has shifted to the relations among analyst type, research reports, and investors' reactions to those reports. For example, recent research has focused on how different types of analysts (Lin and McNichols [1993] and Dugar and Nathan [1993]) or characteristics of the analyst's research report (Francis and Soffer [1994]) affect investor behavior. In this paper, we extend such research by investigating whether investor behavior is jointly influenced by characteristics of the analyst and his or her report.1 We conducted an experiment in which investors were provided with background information about a company and a financial analyst's
Aneurysm and Neurocysticercosis: Casual or Causal Relationship?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2011 Svetlana Agapejev et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Four cases of suggestive inflammatory aneurysms in patients with neurocysticercosis have been described. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage from a right middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm and had a casual relationship with neurocysticercosis. At surgery, a viable cysticercus without signs of inflammation or thickened leptomeninges was found in the distal position of the aneurysm. Postoperatively, the patient received albendazole and dextrochlorpheniramine. In the subsequent three years, the patient was asymptomatic and took drugs to prevent convulsion and arterial hypertension. The relationship between NCC and the presence of cerebral aneurysm is discussed. 1.
Rebranding social distancing to physical distancing: calling for a change in the health promotion vocabulary to enhance clear communication during a pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, the term ‘social distancing’ received immense attention in the mainstream and social media and was embraced by governments as a universal precaution to stem the coronavirus pandemic. ‘Social distancing’ belongs technically to a set of non-pharmaceutical infection control actions intended to stop or slow down the spread of a contagious disease. However, several weeks into the outbreak, scholars discussed whether the term was, in fact, misleading and could be counterproductive. To study the arguments, the study design included (1) analysis of the performance of the concepts ‘social distancing’ and ‘physical distancing’ based on Google Trends (15 February–15 June 2020); (2) analysis of the arguments used in media discussions of ‘social distancing versus physical distancing’ in the period 15 March–15 April 2020, derived from a Google search; and (3) a scientific literature review in PubMed. The study was conducted in English. The trend analysis showed the peak and the decrease of the relative popularity of ‘social distancing’ and ‘physical distancing’ during spring 2020. The thematic analysis of Google sources yielded an overview of arguments based on nine themes with two to five sub-themes reflecting on the misleading concept, the historical perspective, the sociological perspective, the public health perspective, alternative proposals regarding the social and the physical dimensions, the distinction of terms, the political choice, and the need for rebranding. Two papers were included in the scientific literature review, which both stressed the need for a change of terminology. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that the choice of terminology matters when life-saving public health messages are designed. It is therefore recommended to rebrand ‘social distancing’ to ‘physical distancing’ to enhance clear communication during the current COVID-19 pandemic in order to prepare for future pandemics.
STRESS RESPONSES RELATED TO THE EFFECTS OF ANESTHETICS"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigates the differential impacts of Propofol, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane on stress responses in 150 elective surgery patients, emphasizing the importance of anesthetic choice in patient care. Utilizing a prospective observational design at a tertiary care center, we measured physiological stress markers (cortisol levels, heart rate, blood pressure) and psychological stress (via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) before and after anesthesia administration. Results highlighted Propofol's superior efficacy in significantly reducing both physiological and psychological stress markers compared to Sevoflurane and Desflurane. This suggests that Propofol not only ensures patient comfort during surgeries but also enhances postoperative recovery by mitigating stress responses. Our findings advocate for a strategic selection of anesthetics to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction, positioning Propofol as a preferred choice for minimizing stress in surgical settings. This research underscores the nuanced role of anesthetics in stress modulation, contributing valuable insights into anesthetic practices aimed at improving surgical experiences and patient well-being.
Traditional Plant-Based Forms of Treatment of Fungal Infections in Suriname - Phytochemical and Pharmacological Rationale

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plant-based traditional medicines are abundantly used in the Republic of Suriname (South America) for treating a wide variety of conditions including fungal infections. This book reviews nine plants with antifungal potential and explains the phytochemical and pharmacological support for their apparent usefulness against fungal infections. These data are placed within the context of some health aspects and the healthcare structure of Suriname, following observations about the characteristics and taxonomy of fungi and their significance to humans and information about fungal infections and their allopathic forms of treatment. The book concludes with a section about the significance of these Surinamese herbal antifungal substances to mainstream antifungal treatments.
Curriculum Reformation by Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Case of Dhaka University English Department

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

English in Bangladesh is increasingly explored and promoted as a language of development. Recently, there has been a deliberate attempt to achieve the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development to ensure a more inclusive and equitable future. This study explores the curriculum of the English Department at Dhaka University in the light of the inclusion of SDGs. Moreover, the outcomes of such an inclusion and the intended effectiveness on the lives of graduates have been studied. The study draws on qualitative methods, including critical reflections from students and faculty regarding their perceptions and expectations of the curriculum.
SEDIMENTOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANTS OF DEEP-WATER SEDIMENTS OFPENOSOGAN FORMATION IN KEBUMEN AREA, CENTRAL JAVA

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Deep-water sediments are commonly associated with turbidity current, results variety of physical
sedimentary features. They are currently a major focus of both academic research and industrial
interest related to petroleum play. Several reservoirs in Indonesia’s basin belonged to deep-water
products. Comprehensive geological study with good basic sedimentology knowledge is needed to
understand more about deep-water sediments related to reservoir opportunities. Penosogan
Formation, a part of South Serayu Basin, is one of good outcrop data which can be used as a guide to
distribute analogue in subsurface geophysical data.
This paper objective is to understand better the heterogenetic deep-water sediments facies by using
outcrops approach, then the conceptual of reservoir characteristic could be identified. The data were
collected in the Penusupan area, Kebumen – Central Java. The primary methods used in this study
were stratigraphic measuring section and field geological mapping. Laboratory analyses were also
added to support the study.
Based on integration of paleontology, petrography, and facies interpretation, Penosogan Formation in
study area demonstrate turbidity current products which are divided into three lithofacies association,
namely: very coarse grained facies, coarse grained facies and fine grained facies. These association
represent prograding features from outer fan into middle fan. The outer fan facies is characterized by
interbedded very fine – fine grained sandstone with shale (approximately 25 meters), sand-shale
estimation + 40 % net to gross ratio, porosity (Φ) up to 8,4 %, and permeability up to 129,38 mD.
The middle fan is characterized by interbedded medium – coarse grained sandstone and thin layered
shale with pebble to boulder conglomerate (approximately 46 meters), sand-shale estimation + 85 %
net to gross ratio, porosity (Φ) up to 9,5 %, and permeability up to 146,55 mD.
Web application for mobile inpatient information system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the advancement of IT technology in recent years, the concept of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) was introduced to the health care industry and incorporated to the health care services to provide better and efficient care to the patients. Referencing the concept of EMR, this project is modeled by the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to design and develop the Inpatient Information System (IPIS). IPIS is a web application for health care professionals to access patient health information during ward registration, discharge planning, inpatient procedures and prescriptions while using hand-held devices or workstations to make better decisions and thus, increases efficiency in providing better health care services to the patients.
An overview of COVID-19 vaccine candidates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For the past two years, people worldwide were experiencing one of the most massive pandemics, the COVID-19. It is caused by a virus that is called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which mainly attacks the respiratory system. Since there is no previous experience treating the disease, the drug development process is extremely difficult. People in dire need of vaccines were urgently needed to restore their lives to normal. As time went by, medical staff and experts spent numerous amounts of time and effort studying this virus. Nowadays, as the vaccine technology of various countries was very mature, vaccines with various technological paths have entered the experimental stage one after another. Eventually, effective vaccines are finally ready for wild inoculation for everyone by collaborating with all medical researchers. Currently, there are four kinds of COVID-19 vaccines available in different countries. They are inactivated vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and recombinant vaccines. Most of these COVID-19 vaccines are in Phase 3 and provided in different countries. Those vaccines were manufactured in different countries, and their general production and technical characteristics will be discussed in the following paragraphs. The main purpose is trying to provide some fundamental and comprehensive background knowledge about currently available COVID-19 vaccines. It could be a reference list for those audiences who have not decided to take which vaccine.
Antiendothelial cell antibodies as the tip of the iceberg: What is hidden underneath?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A system analysis of the published data on antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) was performed. The AECAs target antigens on endothelial cells are characterized, the methodology of revealing AECAs is described, and the role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of processes caused by the activation/dysfunction of endothelium is considered. The review summarizes the present-day results of Russian and international studies published in the last 25 years in the Pubmed, High Wire, and e-Library databases. The characteristics of natural and disease-associated AECAs (related to pathology) and mechanisms of their influence on cells in different pathologies are presented.
A Comparison of the Energy-Balance and Bulk-aerodynamic Approaches for Estimating Glacier Melt

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two models that estimate glacier ablation from simple meteorological observations are described. Both the energy-balance and bulk-aerodynamic approaches are used to determine the bulk-exchange coefficient for transfer of sensible- and latent-heat energy to the melting ice surface from 17 summer days of measurement on Ivory Glacier, New Zealand. The behaviour of the coefficient is examined over progressively increasing time intervals and as a function of wind speed and gradient, and of atmospheric stability. The models are verified with 36 d of independent data from a different summer on the same glacier. The more accurate short-term estimates of ablation are obtained using the energy-balance approach with empirically but independently derived values of the exchange coefficient.
A systematic review of the trends and patterns of sustainability reporting in universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to identify how literature has addressed sustainability reporting in universities over time and determine traceable patterns and trends. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive systematic review protocol of the Emerald Insight, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link and Wiley Online Library databases was performed for the studies published during the past decade. The following steps were involved in this study: search and collection of literature, study selection, quality assessment, data extraction and data analysis. A total of 40 articles met the inclusion criteria and the quality assessment. Findings The results demonstrated that the most used tools to assist sustainability reporting in universities are the global reporting initiative framework and the graphical assessment of sustainability in universities. However, the adoption of the integrated reporting framework is encouraged. The level of reporting is not yet high, and social and educational indicators are being disclosed in the following areas: community, services and transfer; curriculum and teaching; operation; and research. Originality/value This study provides a recent overview of sustainability reporting worldwide. By discussing the findings, the authors presented the practical implications of starting a sustainability report at the university and the associated difficulties and benefits.
Cooperative forest monitoring and fire detection using a team of UAVs-UGVs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates forest monitoring and fire detection strategies using a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). UAVs have great advantages in forest fire detection and fighting. However they have limited running time and payload capabilities, therefore UGVs are paired with UAVs to avoid their demerits. First, UGVs are used to transport the UAVs to the nearest location to their assigned search area. The UAVs will take-off and start the monitoring and search mission. When one of the UAVs detects the fire, it sends the fire spot coordinates to the leader UGV and ground fire management personnel. Then, the leader UGV that has a powerful computing and image processing capabilities will generate the reference trajectory for UAVs to follow in order to detect and continuously monitor the fire spread. Simulation results are presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Effect of Twist Angle Regulation via Flexible Variable-Twist Blades on External Characteristics of Axial-Flow Pumps

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the field of marine resource development, conventional axial-flow adjustable-blade pumps rely on the monolithic rotation of rigid blades for operational condition regulation, a mechanism constrained by simplistic angular adjustments that inadequately adapt to the dynamic and complex marine operational environment. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel angle-adjustment scheme utilizing flexible variable-twist blades, where operational condition regulation is achieved through active blade twisting, enabling refined and adaptive angle modulation. Four typical blade profiles were selected for the variable-twist blades at distinct angular positions (−1°, +1°, −2°, and +2°), corresponding to the four conventional angle-adjustment positions of axial-flow adjustable-blade pumps. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the hydraulic performance impacts of the proposed flexible variable-twist blades compared to traditional rigid blades under identical angular configurations. The results demonstrate that under high-flow conditions (1.2 Q), the torsion-based angle-adjustment strategy exhibits superior efficiency across all four angular positions: −1° configuration: 11.1% efficiency improvement; +1° configuration: comparable efficiency; −2° configuration: 78% efficiency improvement; and +2° configuration: 3.2% efficiency improvement. Moreover, at equivalent angular settings, the variable-twist blades significantly enhance hydraulic performance and expand the high-efficiency operating range of the pump compared to conventional rigid blades. The implementation of flexible variable-twist blade technology not only advances the performance of axial-flow pumps in marine engineering applications but also provides a new approach for high-efficiency research on axial-flow pumps.
Degradation Characteristics of Nicosulfuron in Water and Soil by MnO2 Nano-Immobilized Laccase

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As a typical sulfonylurea herbicide, nicosulfuron is mainly used to control grass weeds and some broadleaf weeds in corn fields. However, as the amount of use continues to increase, it accumulates in the environment and eventually becomes harmful to the ecosystem. In the present study, a new metallic nanomaterial, δ-MnO2, was prepared, which not only has a similar catalytic mechanism as laccase but also has a significant effect on pesticide degradation. Therefore, the bicatalytic property of MnO2 can be utilized to improve the remediation of nicosulfuron contamination. Firstly, MnO2 nanomaterials were prepared by controlling the hydrothermal reaction conditions, and immobilized laccase was prepared by the adsorption method. Next, we investigate the effects of different influencing factors on the effect of immobilized laccase, MnO2, and free laccase on the degradation of nicosulfuron in water and soil. In addition, we also analyze the metabolic pathway of nicosulfuron degradation in immobilized laccase and the bicatalytic mechanism of MnO2. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of nicosulfuron in water by immobilized laccase was 88.7%, and the optimal conditions were 50 mg/L, 25 h, 50 °C, and pH 5. For nicosulfuron in soil, the optimal conditions for the degradation by immobilized laccase were found to be 151.1 mg/kg, 46 °C, and pH 5.9; under these conditions, a degradation rate of 90.1% was attained. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for the immobilized laccase treatment of sulfonylurea herbicide contamination in water and soil.
Early fault identification of rolling element using IESCFFOgram

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Early fault identification of the rolling element bearings remains difficult because the repetitive transient signature generated via localized incipient damage is easily submerged by various interference components and strong noise. Spectral coherence (SCoh) is a break- through approach for revealing the second-order cyclostationary of bearing faults by displaying the energy flow of vibration signal jointly in a two-dimensional plane comprising the resonance frequency and bearing fault frequency. Considering the non-uniformity of fault in- formation distribution in the whole spectral frequency band, the enhanced envelope spectrum (EES) obtained by integrating over the full spectral frequency band is vulnerable to strong background noise. Thus, how to identify an informative spectral frequency band for constructing a diagnostic improved envelope spectrum (IES) is crucial to accurately identify bearing faults. To address this issue, a feature- adaptive method called IES via Candidate Fault Frequency Optimization-gram (IESCFFOgram) is proposed to determine the in- formative spectral frequency band from SCoh for bearing fault diagnosis. The innovation of this method is to fully excavate the fault information hidden in the SCoh and adaptively determine the informative spectral frequency band according to the identified candidate fault frequencies. The proposed method is tested and validated on simulated signals, vibration datasets obtained from artificial fault bearing experiments, and accelerated bearing degradation tests. In addition, comparisons with state-of-the art methods have been conducted to highlight the superiority of the proposed methodology.