jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Visible Light Photodegradation of Phenol Using Nanoscale TiO2 and ZnO Impregnated with Merbromin Dye: A Mechanistic Investigation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles wereimpregnated with merbromin dye and used as modified photocatalysts for degradation of phenol. Dye-modified ZnO and TiO2 showed significantly higher photocatalytic activity than neat ZnO and TiO2 under visible light illumination. Moreover, the prepared dye-modified ZnO showed superior photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of phenol compared to the dye-modified TiO2. In a period of 4 hours, dye-modified ZnO removed phenol almost completely while dye-modified TiO2 degraded it only to 47%. A cooperative working mechanism involving the possible photoactivation of both surface bound dye and semiconductor is proposed for the dye-modified systems. The suggested pathway is based on charge-transfer formalism. Furthermore, the study proposes some reasons for difference in reactivity of the dye-modified ZnO and TiO2 catalysts. Less aggregation of dye molecules on the surface of ZnO compared to TiO2 causes more prolonged lifetime of excited state of the dye on the surface of ZnO. Also, energy gap between the conduction band of semiconductor and LUMO level of merbromin in dye-modified ZnO is larger than dye-modified TiO2. Both above lead to more effective electron injection from the dye to ZnO which is hypothesized to be mainly responsible for the enhancement of the reaction rate of phenol degradation.
Summary and Conclusions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work has developed effective solution methods and described new applications for a very general class of deterministic, non-preemptive project scheduling models. The models studied in this book are concerned with the allocation of scarce resources over time to activities, the start of which may be constrained by minimal and maximal time lags; these lags allow to specify any possible temporal relation between pairs of activities. The single-and multi-mode models for resource-constrained project scheduling with generalised precedence constraints, or time windows, are very expressive and cover many requirements commonly found in practical applications. The basic single-mode problem is a generalisation of many well known, difficult problems studied in project and machine scheduling.
SH1913632.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
MASA KEEMASAN TEATER TRADISIONAL MENDU KALIMANTAN BARAT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The benefits of studying history, in addition to remembering the past, are also valuable lessons for future generations. Through history, the younger generation knows the cultural treasures of the nation so that they can preserve them. One of the original arts belonging to West Kalimantan is the traditional theater mendu. This theater was successful at the beginning of its emergence (1876 AD) until the Japanese colonial era. After that it was dim because society was forbidden by Japan to gather and associate. Mendu was bloated again and became the belle of the 80's which was driven by the maestro Sataruddin Ramli (1948 - 2015). However, this particular art of West Kalimantan is now only a memory. This research aims to describe the golden age of West Kalimantan's traditional theater. The method used is descriptive qualitative form with a literature study approach. The results of the study describe (1) the glory period from the beginning of the emergence of the mendu to the Japanese occupation (1876 - 1942), (2) the traditional theater of the mendu became the belle of the community (1980s - 2000s). Factors that cause the mendu golden period include because in the past the world of entertainment was not yet sophisticated and modern, the characteristics of the traditional and simple community, the story that was served favored by the community at that time, the participation of the Regional Government of West Kalimantan, as well as coaching was held for the younger generation.
[Research progress in the fungal bioluminescence pathway].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous caffeic acid to produce green bioluminescence through an enzymatic cascade. Genetic engineering of FBP into plants creates autoluminescent specimens that circumvent the substrate limitations of conventional reporter systems. These transgenic plants serve dual functions as aesthetic displays and versatile biosensing platforms, enabling applications in real-time gene expression monitoring, continuous environmental surveillance, and non-invasive bioimaging, offering novel opportunities for horticultural production, environmental conservation, and bioengineering applications. This review synthesizes current advances in plant FBP engineering and explores how machine learning approaches can optimize autoluminescent phenotypes, thereby accelerating innovation in agricultural biotechnology, environmental sensing, and synthetic biology applications.
Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger, Cardiac Overload, and Myocardial Hypertrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

O verload of neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes and mul- ticellular myocardial preparations, which include whole hearts, are accompanied by an enhanced activity of the Na ϩ /H ϩ exchanger 1 (NHE-1).Exogenous administration of prohypertrophic agents such as angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and ␣ 1 -adrenergic agonists also stimulates NHE-1 activity, which leads to an increased concentration of intracellular Na ϩ ([Na ϩ ] i ).Moreover, inhibition of NHE-1 activity prevents the increase in [Na ϩ ] i , induces the regression of cardiac hypertrophy, and exerts beneficial effects in experimental heart failure.The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the causative factors and pathophysiological correlation of cardiac overload and NHE-1 activity.
Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast: Control of mRNA Stability and Transcription Termination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis and of other essential biosynthetic activities in plant cells. Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles, since they contain their own genomes and protein biosynthetic machinery, but depend on the coordinate expression of nuclear genes to assemble macromolecular complexes. The bioeingineering of plants requires manipulation of chloroplast gene expression, and thus a knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that modulate mRNA and protein production. In this proposal the heterotrophic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model system to understand the control and interrelationships between transcription termination, mRNA 3' end processing and mRNA stability in chloroplasts. Chlamydomonas is a unique and ideal system in which to address these issues, because the chloroplast can be easily manipulated by genetic transformation techniques. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA 3' end formation and mRNA stability. In particular, the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs were shown not to be efficient transcription terminators. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis and the role of several 3' untranslated regions in modulating RNA stability and translation has been studied. This information will allow us to experimentally manipulate the expression of chloroplast genes in vivo by post-transcriptional mechanisms, and should be widely applicable to other higher plant systems.
Studies on the Crown Gall of Plants: Its Relation to Human Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The present paper reviews certain of the essential features which characterize the growth of crown gall, especially as they bear upon the general problems of cancer. In addition, it contains a number of new observations, which appear to bring this vegetable growth into relation with the group of tumors described as embryomata. II. CROWN GALL In brief, crown gall as here described is a plant disease, tumorlike in nature, which is produced by a bacterial organism. It is a growth very common in many parts of the world (North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa) on a great variety of cultivated plants, and on some wild ones. It is known by many names, but generally in the United States as “crown gall,” because it occurs very often on what the gardeners call the crown of the plant, i.e., on that part where stem and root join, but it may occur on any part of the plant (Pl. I, figs. 1 and 2). III. NATURE OF THE TUMOR Arguments against the cancerous nature of plant tumors based upon conditions in those tumors of turnips and cabbage which have been most studied by animal pathologists, or in over-growths due to gall-insects, or to various fungi, or even to other bacteria, do not apply to this tumor. Crown gall, is not an hypertrophy due to the enormous enlargement of a few special parasitized cells, like the bacterial root nodules of legumes or the finger-and-toes of cruciferous plants, ascribed to the slime-mold Plasmodiophora brassicae, nor is it a granulomatous hyperplasia in which the bacteria are located in cavities or pockets between the cells and pass by way of the vascular system into distant regions, like the olive tubercle, due to Bacterium savastanoi. On the contrary it is a peculiar hyperplasia, the bacteria which are the cause of it developing sparingly and only within the cells, which they compel to divide early and repeatedly, so that a great mass of non-capsulated, small-celled tumor tissue arises (Pl. I, figs. 3 and 4, Pl. II, figs. 5 and 6, and Pl. IV, figs. 17a, 18) in which the bacteria themselves are invisible. These numerous, small, incompletely developed, atypical, unripe cells are endowed with enormous reproductive capacity which is not under the physiological control of the plant (Pl. III, figs. 7 to 13 and Pl. IV, figs. 14 to 16—sunflower), and the continued development of which is detrimental to the plant both locally and constitutionally. Various grades of anaplasia exist, some of the cells in the tumor reaching nearly the normal size and form before division, while others divide quickly again and again, remaining quite embryonic. The tumors, even when deep-seated, are incompletely vascularized (Pl. IV, figs. 17, 18, and Pl. VIII, fig. 26), often quite fleshy, and very subject to decay (Pl. V, fig. 20). These conditions naturally result in the production of open wounds, which are subject to a variety of secondary infections, some of them very harmful to the plant. The tumor when inoculated on fleshy roots such as the sugar beet is often larger than the root itself.
Cases of Biliary Cancer. Statistical Study and Followup.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

秋田県厚生道9病院の1984年から1989年まで6年間の胆道癌症例を集計する機会を得たのでその結果を報告する。総数は307例 (5生率14.0%) で男性155例, 女性152例, 原発部位別では胆嚢癌105例, 胆管癌154例, 乳頭部癌22例, 原発不明胆道癌26例であった。年齢別では70歳代が最多であった。初発症状は黄疸 (特に胆管癌) と腹痛が最も多く, 診断の手段としてはUSとCTが多用され, 初発症状から受診までの病悩期間は1か月以内が大部分であった。胆嚢癌, 乳頭部癌の5生率は各々18.7%, 43.1%であった。胆管癌では未だ5生例は得られず, 3生率は18.9%であった。治癒切除例では胆嚢癌, 乳頭部癌の5生率は各々62。9%, 48.2%であったが, 胆管癌治癒切除例の5生例は未だなく3生率は47.5%と不良で, 今後の検討が必要と思われる。
Deep Nonnegative Matrix Factorization With Beta Divergences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Deep nonnegative matrix factorization (deep NMF) has recently emerged as a valuable technique for extracting multiple layers of features across different scales. However, all existing deep NMF models and algorithms have primarily centered their evaluation on the least squares error, which may not be the most appropriate metric for assessing the quality of approximations on diverse data sets. For instance, when dealing with data types such as audio signals and documents, it is widely acknowledged that ß-divergences offer a more suitable alternative. In this article, we develop new models and algorithms for deep NMF using some ß-divergences, with a focus on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Subsequently, we apply these techniques to the extraction of facial features, the identification of topics within document collections, and the identification of materials within hyperspectral images.
Removal of viruses from Lebanese fig varieties using tissue culture and thermotherapy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two Lebanese fig accessions of local varieties (Biadi and Aswad), infected by Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2) and Fig mosaic virus (FMV), were subjected to tissue culture and thermotherapy for producing virus-free plant material. The virus status of all progeny explants was assayed by RT-PCR using viruses-specific primers. The shoot tip culture technique was reliable for elimination of from 60 to 100% of fig viruses. However, stem cutting culture coupled with thermotherapy was the most effective for shoot regeneration (40% of reactive explants), while elimination of the three viruses was possible even though with lower rates of removal (from zero to 81%) were achieved. This study has indicated that FLMaV-2 is more susceptible to thermotherapy than FLMaV-1 and FMV.
Single-crystal structure of K3Nb8O21

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tripotassium 21-oxooctaniobate, M r =1196.53, hexagonal, P6 3 /mcm, a=9.1584 (5), c=12.0404 (4) A, V=874.6 (1) A 3 , Z=2, D x =4.54 Mg m -3 , λ(Mo Kα)=0.71073 A, μ=5.65 mm -1 , F(000)=1106, T=294 K, R=0.044, wR=0.047 for 2540 reflections with I>3σ(I). The framework is built up from [Nb 6 O 24 ] units stacked along c giving [Nb 6 O 21 ] @0 2 2 chains which are held together by single NbO 6 octahedra
A Modification of the Kendall Wilcox Self-Control Scale for Delinquents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aggression is one of the major issues within custodial settings. Moreover, aggression has been shown to be a major diagnostic variable in attempting to determine the "delinquency career" of adolescents. The assessment and treatment suggestions of aggression need to take high priority in custodial settings. The studies reported describe a shortened variation of a well known scale for measuring self-control in children. The scale is specifically designed as both an assessment device and an outcome measure for treatment programs. This study reports satisfactory reliability and validity for the scale.
Methods for discovery and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from insects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cellulosic ethanol has been identified as a crucial biofuel resource due to its sustainability and abundance of cellulose feedstocks. However, current methods to obtain glucose from lignocellulosic biomass are ineffective due to recalcitrance of plant biomass. Insects have evolved endogenous and symbiotic enzymes to efficiently use lignocellulosic material as a source of metabolic glucose. Even though traditional biochemical methods have been used to identify and characterize these enzymes, the advancement of genomic and proteomic research tools are expected to allow new insights into insect digestion of cellulose. This information is highly relevant to the design of improved industrial processes of biofuel production and to identify potential new targets for development of insecticides. This review describes the diverse methodologies used to detect, quantify, purify, clone and express cellulolytic enzymes from insects, as well as their advantages and limitations.
ADAPTABILITY AND PRODUCTION PRACTICES OF MILLET (KABOG) GROWN UNDER CSCST- BARILI CAMPUS CONDITION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on millet production practices were conducted at CSCST-Barili Campus research experimental site to determine: 1) the effects of the different methods of seeding, 2) individual effects of planting distance and plant density as well as their interaction effects, and 3) individual effects of the time and the rate of fertilizer application as well as the interaction effects of the two on the growth and yield performance of millet.
Planting seeds by dropping into holes (T1) resulted to a significantly higher plant height, aboveground and underground biomass, number of tillers and panicles per hill, panicle length, weight of panicle and weight of grains per panicle as compared when seeds were drilled along the furrows (T2) and by broadcasting (T3).
Plants planted at closer space (Pd1 and Pd2) had taller plant height than plants planted at wider space (Pd3). At 25cm x 25cm planting distance, plants had higher above ground biomass, more number of tillers produced as compared to the other planting distances (Pd1 and Pd3). Significant differences were observed in the result of the under-ground biomass, weight of panicle per hill, weight of grains per panicle and grain yield. Almost similar results were obtained in the number of tillers produce per hill.
In terms of plant density, more number of tillers and panicles per hill in D3 (3 plant/hill) than D1 (1 plant/hill) and D2 (2 plants/hill) were observed. But the length and weight of panicle as well as the weight of grains per panicle were lower in D3.
Significant differences were observed between plant distance and plant density in terms of number of days from planting to panicle initiation, plant height, above and underground biomass, number of tillers, weight of panicle per hill and grain yield per plot. While, not significant difference were observed in panicle length and weight of grains per panicle.
Plants applied with fertilizer at 30 DAP had higher results as compared to plants applied with fertilizer at 45 DAP. Significant difference was observed in the rate of fertilizer application in all the growth and yield parameters gathered.
Significant difference was observed in the rate of fertilizer application in all the growth and yield parameters gathered. Plant height was significantly affected by the rate of fertilizer applied while the underground biomass and weight of grain per panicle were significantly affected by the time of fertilizer application. Significant differences were observed between the interaction effect of rate and time of fertilizer application to the growth and yield of millet.
Maritime Jurisdictional Exercise in Overlapping Zones

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

중첩주장수역은 공해(公海)는 아니지만 그 어떠한 국가의 관할권도 확립 또는 확정되어 있지 않은 수역으로 해양법상으로도 그 성격 규명이 정립되지 않은 수역이다. 따라서 이들 수역에서의 해양관할권을 둘러싼 관련 국가간 규제 즉 소위 관할권 충돌 문제가 심각하게 제기되고 있으며, 그 결과 관련 국가간 해양갈등 또는 해양분쟁 발생가능성이 점증되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 이러한 충돌을 사전에 예방함과 동시에 모든 국가에 개방된 해양의 평화적 사용을 담보하기 위하여는 이 문제 해결을 위한 법적 및 제도적 대안 마련이 요구된다.BR 특히 이들 관련 국가간 중첩주장 수역에서 타국이 해양활동 수행시 동 활동의 가능한 범위는 물론 위반시나 충돌시 이에 대한 상대국의 합법적인 대응이나 조치를 어디까지 해야 할 것인가의 문제 역시 현실적으로 발생하게 된다.BR 본 연구는 상기와 같은 배경 및 필요성에 따라, 먼저 해상에서의 관할권 행사 문제를 고찰한 다음, 중첩주장수역에 있어서의 관련 연안국의 관할권 행사 범위 문제를 검토한다. 이후 중첩주장수역과 관련된 국제법원의 사례들을 분석한 다음 현실적으로 문제가 되고 있는 중첩주장수역에서의 관련 국가들의 해양활동을 차례로 검토하여 이의 실행 가능성 및 그 범위를 제시하고 결론에서 중첩주장수역에서의 관할권 행사 범위 및 그 법적 한계를 적시하고자 한다.
EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PATIENTS AFTER PLASTIC SURGERY OF ACUTE POSTEXTRACTION OROANTRAL COMMUNICATIONS USING A TRAPEZOIDAL FLAP

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This article describes the results of the study of changes in quality of life of patients following surgical plastic of acute oroantral communications. The results testify a statistically significant deterioration of both general index of quality of life, and its individual components on the first day after the surgery with its gradual recovery in subsequent postoperative period. Returning to the level of indicators of quality of life observed in preoperative period took place on the 5 - 7th day after the surgery. The study shows that surgical trauma of a relatively small volume in the maxillofacial area is accompanied by a pronounced influence on subjective self-perception of patients
Got Title; Will Sell: Indigenous Rights to Land in Chile and Argentina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter analyses the issue of indigenous land rights in Chile and Argentina. Throughout South America, indigenous peoples are being pushed to extinction through government action (and inaction), which deprives them of their lands and seriously compromises their access to life-sustaining resources. To a considerable extent, the government's attitude towards indigenous land rights is a result of a desire to attract investment to the energy and energy-related sectors. Though investor companies may appear to benefit from these tactics in the short term, it is doubtful that they will be better off in the long run as sustainability is compromised.
MIMO Receiver Using Reduced Complexity Sequence Estimation With Channel Estimation and Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A sequence-based multiple-input-multiple-output receiver incorporating channel estimation and tracking for a frequency selective fading environment is developed. It employs near-maximum likelihood sequence estimation using the partitioned Viterbi algorithm and offers linearly increasing complexity with the number of transmit antennas. The receiver implements channel estimation and tracking using a vector-polynomial-based generalized recursive least squares algorithm. The resulting integrated receiver can operate in a continuously time-varying Rayleigh or Rician fading environment. Simulation results show that it offers a good tradeoff between complexity and performance. Further complexity reduction can be achieved using tentative decisions as reference signals to the estimator and a reduced complexity form of the estimator.
Service models in community-based health: some findings from a literature review.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The findings from a review of the literature on community-based health services in Canada in 1991 indicate that two systems of health care exist side by side: the clinical care of the sick and the supportive care of those seeking to keep well. Organizational models of clinical care have not altered much since the introduction of health insurance. The medical profession has been resistant to changing traditional forms of practice organization from fee-for-service businesses treating individuals in isolation to components of an integrated comprehensive health care system. Traditional public health departments offering supportive and preventive care have been more ready to adapt to change. They are now working closely with provincial continuing-care organizers to provide home care for those who might otherwise need institutional care; however they are not closely linked with the clinical care services. More recently, public health departments have engaged in the health promotion movement to give citizens increased control over the conditions affecting their health. Yet we perceived a conflict between the rhetoric and the reality of their work.