jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relative Returns to Skills and Assimilation of Immigrants in Hong Kong

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A simple formal model is presented to analyse intercensal changes in the relative earnings of immigrants. A number of factors are analysed, including a change in the relative observed quality of immigrants, a change in the relative prices of observed skills, and assimilation. The model is applied to 1981 and 1991 Hong Kong census data and shows that although there is economic assimilation in the narrow sense at an estimated rate of approximately 1.55 percent p.a., earnings of immigrants diverge from earnings of natives because their relative returns to schooling declined.
THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTIONS IN 2018

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is intended by the author as an attempt to review and assess the adaptation of the provisions of broadly defined electoral law in terms of its adaptation and the effectiveness of personal data protection. The author indicates in this study how extensive the scope of personal data collected in the electoral process is, and also how many data processing operations are performed on the data collected during this process. It rises and indicates imperfections of regulations – more accurately, consisting in their imprecision, which may result in a decrease in the effectiveness of actions aimed at protecting personal data of both voters and candidates in elections.
Data from Combined Inhibition of Wee1 and PARP1/2 for Radiosensitization in Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> While the addition of radiation to chemotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, more effective therapies are urgently needed. Thus, we investigated the radiosensitizing efficacy of the novel drug combination of Wee1 and PARP1/2 inhibitors (AZD1775 and olaparib, respectively) in pancreatic cancer.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Radiosensitization of AsPC-1 or MiaPaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells was assessed by clonogenic survival and tumor growth assays. Mechanistically, the effects of AZD1775, olaparib, and radiation on cell cycle, DNA damage (γH2AX), and homologous recombination repair (HRR) were determined.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Treatment of AsPC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells with either AZD1775 or olaparib caused modest radiosensitization, whereas treatment with the combination significantly increased radiosensitization. Radiosensitization by the combination of AZD1775 and olaparib was associated with G<sub>2</sub> checkpoint abrogation and persistent DNA damage. In addition, AZD1775 inhibited HRR activity and prevented radiation-induced Rad51 focus formation. Finally, <i>in vivo</i>, in MiaPaCa-2–derived xenografts, olaparib did not radiosensitize, whereas AZD1775 produced moderate, yet significant, radiosensitization (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Importantly, the combination of AZD1775 and olaparib produced highly significant radiosensitization (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) evidenced by a 13-day delay in tumor volume doubling (vs. radiation alone) and complete eradication of 20% of tumors.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of combined inhibition of Wee1 and PARP inhibitors for radiosensitizing pancreatic cancers and support the model that Wee1 inhibition sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitor–mediated radiosensitization through inhibition of HRR and abrogation of the G<sub>2</sub> checkpoint, ultimately resulting in unrepaired, lethal DNA damage and radiosensitization. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 5085–96. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Hydraulic design and performance evaluation of landscape irrigation systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Landscape irrigation systems serve the purpose of lifeline for urban agriculture and horticulture activities such as golf courses, theme parks, airport turfing, traffic islands, surface and rooftop gardening in commercial complexes. A Landscape irrigation system is essentially a pressure irrigation system comprising pop up sprinklers, micro sprinklers and hydrants. The hydraulics involved is very complex due to undulating nature of landscapes. The performance of the pop-up sprinkler used in irrigation of landscaping project (University Auditorium, TNAU) was evaluated. The main analysis examined the relationship between flow-pressure, profile of distribution of water and Christiansen's Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) related with flow pressure. The value of CUC was observed more than 94 percent.
Two new species of Larsia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Neotropical Region, with a checklist of Larsia species of the world

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new species of Larsia Fittkau, 1962 are described and figured as male, pupa and larva. Diagnosis to male of this genus is emended. An annotated checklist of the world’s valid Larsia species is given and keys to pupae and larvae of known species in the Neotropical region are provided.
How School Superintendents View Student Press Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

his rather paternalistic view-expressed by a highly placed public school administrator-is common among school administrators-or so journalism educators fear. They sense that principals and other administrators see the student newspaper strictly as a learning tool (leaving aside a definition of learning for the moment) rather than as a vehicle for the expression of genuine student opinion. Previous research has provided ample evidence that such fears are well founded. A study of Kopenhaver, Martinson and Habermann (1989), for example, showed that advisers were clearly more supportive of student press rights than were public school principals. Interestingly-and perhaps paradoxically-that study also suggested that public school principals were nearly as supportive as advisers of basic First Amendment rights apart from the school setting. That is, principals were nearly as supportive as advisers in protecting the rights of groups like the Ku Klux Klan to advocate unpopular ideas. School principals apparently believe that the speech/press protections guaranteed under the First Amendment should be respected as long as those rights are not being exercised by students during school hours. This research explores how that individual occupying the pinnacle of power in the public school bureaucracy-the superintendent-views these important issues. Previous research regarding administrator attitudes has tended to focus on the opinions of principals. We thought it important to examine the views of superintendents because a study by
Tracking of the Growth Interface during PVT-Growth of SiC Boules Using a X-Ray Computed Tomography Setup

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A crystal comprising various polytype switches was analyzed in detail. A very flat temperature profile together with an on axis seed are used to increase the probability for the nucleation of foreign polytypes during growth. Formation of foreign polytype occurred from thin lamella propagating from the edge of the main facet to the crystal rim as well as from 2D nucleation. The evolution of the crystal surface during the growth time is visualized using in-situ X-Ray computed tomography. Two concurrent growth centers are identified in the beginning of the growth process. Nucleation and lateral growth of foreign polytypes in the main facet area can be traced during the growth process.
Pediatric Acute Liver Failure During the Pandemic: A Tale of Two Viruses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Endemic to the United States, West Nile virus is an arbovirus that is primarily transmitted through bites of the Culex mosquito.While most infections are asymptomatic, 20% -40% of infected individuals develop flu-like symptoms and a smaller portion develop neuroinvasive disease.Neurologic involvement increases risk of mortality and can cause long-term neurologic sequala.Case: This case involves a 17 y/o male with depression who presented to the emergency department for concerns of depression and anorexia.On admission he was febrile and unable to orient to self or location.Sedated brain MRI and LP were promptly performed for evaluation of meningitis.MRI imaging was consistent with encephalitis, but vascular infarct was also considered.Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) evaluation showed leukocytosis and elevated protein, but negative meningitis/ encephalitis panel.Initial treatment included ASA, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and acyclovir.Due to persistent fevers and new information of frequent night fly-fishing over the summer, additional workup was performed.Results were significant for positive IgM West Nile antibody in the CSF.He transitioned to doxycycline to complete an empiric 7-day course.The patient's mental status slowly improved to baseline and he was discharged home with close follow-up. Conclusion:West Nile encephalitis should be considered in cases of encephalitis, especially when risk factors, such as regional location and outdoor hobbies, are present.In areas that are high risk, prevention education is encouraged.Additionally, this case illustrates the importance of adjusting the differential with new symptomology and patient information as the case evolves.
New synthesis of hypervalent T-shaped coordination compounds of selenium by the reaction of bis(2-bromoethyl)selenium dibromide with pyridine and its derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of bis(2-bromoethyl)selenium dibromide 1 with pyridine 2a and its derivatives as nucleophile gave T-shaped coordination compounds of selenium 3a–3e with two halogen atoms in the trans positions in moderate to good yields. However, the reaction of bis(2-bromoethyl)selenide 4 with 2a gave 1,1′-(selanediyldiethylene) dipyridin-1-ium dibromide 5 as a normal substituted product in 42% yield. In addition, 1-(2-selanylethyl) pyridin-1-ium bromide 11 was obtained by the reaction of (2-bromoethyl)phenylselenium dibromide 10 with 2a in 29% yield. The crystal structures of 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e, 5 and 11 have been determined by X-ray analyses. The X-ray analysis of 11 revealed that two conformers about the CH2–CH2 bond exist in one crystal unit at room temperature; however, the 1H NMR spectra of the compound at room temperature showed relatively free rotation about the CH2–CH2 bond in solution.
A framework to test interval arithmetic libraries and their IEEE 1788‐2015 compliance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary As developers of libraries implementing interval arithmetic, we faced the same difficulties when it comes to testing our libraries. What must be tested? How can we devise relevant test cases for unit testing? How can we ensure a high (and possibly 100%) test coverage? Before considering these questions, we briefly recall the main features of interval arithmetic and of the IEEE 1788‐2015 standard for interval arithmetic. After listing the different aspects that, in our opinion, must be tested, we contribute a first step towards offering a test suite for an interval arithmetic library. First we define a format that enables the exchange of test cases, so that they can be read and tried easily. Then we offer a first set of test cases, for a selected set of mathematical functions. Next, we examine how the Julia interval arithmetic library, IntervalArithmetic.jl, actually performs to these tests. As this is an ongoing work, we list extra tests that we deem important to perform.
An assessment of the Young Lives sampling approach in Andhra Pradesh, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper outlines the sampling methodology used by Young Lives in Andhra Pradesh (India). The Andhra Pradesh team selected study sites with a pro-poor bias using purposive and random sampling approaches. This paper assessed this sampling methodology by comparing baseline data collected in 2002 with data from a nationally representative survey. Examination of the common variables in the different surveys – household characteristics and assets, access to electricity and drinking water – indicates that the Young Lives sample includes households with better access to basic services and more ownership of assets and thus includes some biases. A comparison of wealth index scores reveals that the Young Lives households seem to be slightly wealthier than the average household in Andhra Pradesh. Nevertheless, households in the Young Lives sample are less likely to own their house. These differences could be partly accounted for by the earlier collection year of the nationally representative survey. Despite these biases, it is shown that the Young Lives sample in Andhra Pradesh covers the diversity of children in the country. Therefore, while not suited for simple monitoring of child outcome indicators, the Young Lives sample will be an appropriate and valuable instrument for analysing causal relations, modelling child welfare, and its longitudinal dynamics in Andhra Pradesh.
Bunker risk management strategies in liner shipping companies part III : financial instruments to reduce bunker price risk

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The increasing bunker price pressure resulted in the liner shipping industry seeking alternatives to mitigate bunker price risk by looking into non-core competencies such as financial hedging. However, there is generally a lack of research into how liner shipping companies can make use of hedging instruments effectively. This report compared bunker futures and forwards; reviewed the current bunker futures market; and studied the effectiveness of bunker futures and crude oil futures in intercontinental liner trade. The results showed that bunker futures hold certain advantages that forwards cannot provide but suffer from weaknesses due to the lack of market interest.
The Flowering Process ofVitis vinifera: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The flowering of Vitis vinifera spreads over two seasons. Tendrils and inflorescences have a common origin known as anlage or uncommitted primordia. The fate of the uncommitted primordia depends on the cytokinin-gibberellin balance, with cytokinins promoting transition to flowering and gibberellins inhibiting it. High temperature and high light are induction stimuli for flowering. Neither photoperiod nor vernalization is very relevant for flowering induction. Inflorescence primordia development in latent buds stops after the formation of secondary and tertiary branches, approximately one month before shoot periderm formation. Buds resume growth after dormancy, with further branching of inflorescences before differentiation of individual flowers. Warm weather at budburst favors further inflorescence differentiation, resulting in more clusters per shoot, while cool weather favors differentiation of more flowers per clusters and fewer clusters per shoot. Environment and cultural practices influence flowering, either directly or indirectly via their impact on photosynthesis and nutrient availability. Cultural practices encouraging light penetration into the canopy favor flower initiation, while practices resulting in shading have a detrimental impact. Flower formation occurs through a series of sequential steps under hormone-mediated genetic control. The first genetic change involves the switch from the vegetative to the floral state, in response to different environmental and developmental signals, through the activity of floral-meristem identity genes. Second, the floral meristem is patterned into the whorls of organ primordia through the activity of floral-organ identity genes. Third, the floral-organ identity genes activate downstream effectors that specify the various tissues which constitute the different floral structures. The flowers are hermaphroditic and most are self-pollinated but cross-pollination also occurs. Fertilization is hindered by cool rainy weather and favored by warm dry weather.
USDA forest service–NASA: unmanned aerial systems demonstrations – pushing the leading edge in fire mapping

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A collaborative partnership between NASA and the US Forest Service has been used to facilitate and demonstrate evolved and evolving technologies for increasing the information content and timeliness of thermal image data collected for wildfires. The outcomes of this collaborative effort are creation of improved tools for Wildfire Decision Support Systems within the US Forest Service and the other fire mitigation and management agencies. The focus of this article will be onrecent work using unmanned airborne systems as a sensor platform.
Supersaturated Lipid-Based Formulations to Enhance the Oral Bioavailability of Venetoclax

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Increasing numbers of beyond Rule-of-Five drugs are emerging from discovery pipelines, generating a need for bio-enabling formulation approaches, such as lipid-based formulations (LBF), to ensure maximal in vivo exposure. However, many drug candidates display insufficient lipid solubility, leading to dose-loading limitations in LBFs. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of supersaturated LBFs (sLBF) for the beyond Rule-of-Five drug venetoclax. Temperature-induced sLBFs of venetoclax were obtained in olive oil, Captex® 1000, Peceol® and Capmul MCM®, respectively. A Peceol®-based sLBF displayed the highest drug loading and was therefore evaluated further. In vitro lipolysis demonstrated that the Peceol®-based sLBF was able to generate higher venetoclax concentrations in the aqueous phase compared to a Peceol®-based suspension and an aqueous suspension. A subsequent bioavailability study in pigs demonstrated for sLBF a 3.8-fold and 2.1-fold higher bioavailability compared to the drug powder and Peceol®-based suspension, respectively. In conclusion, sLBF is a promising bio-enabling formulation approach to enhance in vivo exposure of beyond Rule-of-Five drugs, such as venetoclax. The in vitro lipolysis results correctly predicted a higher exposure of the sLBF in vivo. The findings of this study are of particular relevance to pre-clinical drug development, where maximum exposure is required.
TAX4U Pilot Trial: Addressing Material Needs in the Pediatric Hospital Setting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Interventions to address poverty and food insecurity in pediatric hospital care have been scarce. Access to government support is based on the completion of taxes. Medical-financial partnerships are defined as novel cross-sector collaborations in which health care systems and financial service organizations work collaboratively to improve health by reducing financial stress. The objective of our pilot study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a “free tax service” within a pediatric academic hospital setting. METHODS A pilot randomized controlled trial “TAX4U” was conducted from November 2020 until April 2021 in the general inpatient setting of an academic pediatric hospital. Eligible families were randomly assigned to receive either “free tax services” according to the Canada Revenue Agency-funded Community Volunteer Income Tax Program (CVITP) or “care as usual.” RESULTS A total of 140 caregivers filled in the 8-question recruitment survey. We found that 101 (72%) families were not eligible to participate in the study. Reasons for ineligibility were not meeting CVITP criteria (n = 59, 58%), already filed tax (n = 25, 25%), and families did not sign the consent form (n = 17, 17%). Thirty-nine families were randomly assigned, with 20 (51.3%) families assigned to the intervention and 19 (48.7%) families receiving care as usual. Ultimately, 7 (35%) families received the tax intervention. CONCLUSIONS Offering free tax services may be feasible and reached vulnerable families in a pediatric hospital setting; however, the inclusion criteria of the CVITP program did not meet the needs of caregivers. Further research should explore offering a full-scope medical-financial partnership that meets the needs of low-income families in a hospital setting.
Malignant Lymphoma of the Testis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BDIm=H 891whose doctor did nothing to supplement her maintenance treatment in order to help her meet the crisis.There are 24 surviving patients, and they are now in positively good health in contrast to their state of semi-invalidism in the preceding era.Many of them do hard labouring work without difficulty, and indeed were I faced as a young man with choosing whether I would rather have Addison's disease or diabetes I think I would choose the former.Its treatment is simpler than that of diabetes ; with care the expectation of life should not be shortened, and so far as we know there are no Addisonian complications comparable to those of diabetes.There are few other conditions which illustrate more completely the triumphs of modern chemotherapy.
VenasealTM Cyanoacrylate Glue Rejection Following Endovenous Ablation - Another New Complication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The VenaSealTM closure system (Medtronic, Minnesota, USA) is a medical tissue adhesive containing n-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate, injected endovenously to treat varicose veins and superficial chronic venous incompetence (CVI), resulting here in a new treatment â€“related complication...
`True Stories' of Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the connection between brands, national identity and the social and historic practices of the Canadian nation-state. Specifically, it examines the long-running `True Stories' ad campaign of Tim Hortons coffee shops, Canada's most successful quick-service restaurant chain. These ads insert Tim Hortons into customers' stories about travel, endurance and adventure, and authorize Tim Hortons itself as both the site and source of Canada's self-image.This authorization occurs in three ways: 1) by taking advantage of a space generated by overt, statist, bureaucratic management of Canadian identity and culture, 2) by locating national identity within mundane, sensual consumptive desire, and 3) by capitalizing on the ambiguities of articulating Canadian national culture, especially within the context of an officially multi-cultural project.
Determinants of women's labour force participation in Queensland

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores issues of labour market theory to investigate the determinants of women's labour force participation in Queensland. The thesis broadens current knowledge by offering a retrospective account of Queensland women's labour force involvement - information currently lacking - as well as providing an updated snapshot of Queensland women's current labour supply behaviour. Using econometric modelling techniques, time-series models are formed to uncover the factors behind women's rising participation rates over time. Complementary cross-sectional models are constructed to distinguish the individual characteristics that make women more or less likely to participate in the labour force at any point in time. Time-series analysis uses ABS data spanning the years 1975 to 2000, while cross-sectional analysis uses 1996 Census unit record files. Beyond economic factors, this study considers the role of other social and demographic factors in explaining women's labour force behaviour. Further, it acknowledges the influence of unquantifiable, psychological factors that account for that part of participation rates that econometric models cannot capture. Results are interpreted in a theoretical context. The main findings confirm the dominance of a substitution effect in women's labour market. The analysis also reveals that women's participation decisions are strongly determined by other economic variables and individual demographic characteristics. Distinctions are drawn between the labour supply behaviour of married and non-married women, and between full-time and part-time participation. The study highlights the need to consider the unordered nature of women's labour market behaviour, an econometric practice overlooked by previous researchers. Policy implications are also discussed.