jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
U.S. interests and the United Nations convention on the law of the sea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Panel on the Law of Ocean Uses was founded in 1983 to monitor developments in international ocean law. Its members are specialists in ocean law and policy, resource economics, and the marine sciences. They review and evaluate the law and practice of the United States and of other nations, as they affect the evolution of international ocean law. This report contains an overview statement on “United States Policy Regarding the Law of the Sea”; and five more detailed papers on navigation rights, fisheries law, the outer continental shelf, maritime shipping and the protection of the marine environment, and marine scientific research issued by the Panel.
Three-dimensional inversion of magnetic data with simultaneous remanent magnetization and self-demagnetization

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Remanent magnetization and self-demagnetization on high-susceptibility bodies are two important factors affecting the inversion of magnetic data. We propose a framework for the inversion and interpretation of magnetic anomalies in which significant remanent magnetization and self-demagnetization are present simultaneously. The framework is based on assumptions that the external applied field and internal self-demagnetization field are uniform and the deflection of self-demagnetization in the total magnetization direction is negligible. First, the magnetization vector distributions are obtained from magnetic data by estimating the magnetization direction then inverting for the magnetization intensity distribution, using the inferred magnetization direction as a constraint. Based on a priori information about the Koenigsberger ratio derived from petrophysical measurements, the direction and intensity of the remanent magnetization are obtained. The self-demagnetization factor is then computed using the finite volume method. Finally, the true-susceptibility distribution is achieved by correcting for the self-demagnetization effect. The method is applied to synthetic magnetic data produced by a prism-shaped source model that has significant remanent magnetization and high susceptibility. The derived information on remanent magnetization and true susceptibility provide information for assessing the position and volume of the magnetic sources, and also can add insight to studies of geological processes.
Geographic distribution and application of Mucuna sempervirens Hems L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mucuna sempervirens Hems L.belongs to Mucuna of Leguminosae,which is an evergreen woody vine.By using the Diva-GIS software,the geographic distribution maps of M.sempervirens were established based on the altitude layer and vegetation layer.The distribution rule and habitat characteristics of M.sempervirens were analyzed.Results showed that M.sempervirens was distributed below 34.5 °N with the altitude of 300-3 000 m in China,such as the subtropical forests,bushes,streams and hillsides.It grew in Zhejiang,Guangdong,Guangxi,Sichuan,Hubei,Yunnan,Guizhou,Hunan,Jiangxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Fujian and Anhui Provinces of China.Its geographical distribution and vegetation type were closed affected by the altitude.The vegetation types in distribution region were mainly subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest and tropical seasonal rain forest.As an all-purpose ornamental plant,M.sempervirens had relatively high medicinal value and ornamental value.
Protective effects of MSC-conditioned medium on DFO-induced mimetic-hypoxia injury of renal tubular epithelial cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is mainly characterized by inflammatory infiltration, the damage and death of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), in which hypoxia plays an important role. Deferoxamine (DFO) inducing cells’ mimetic-hypoxia injury is a well-accepted renal injury model in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cell - conditioned medium (MSC-CM) can reduce local inflammation and repair tissue. In this study, we explored the effect of MSC-CM on RTECs under DFO mimetic-hypoxia and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: NRK-52E cells with the treatment of DFO25uM for 24 hours could be well-accepted RTECs’ injury model using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect cell viability and Western Blot to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in NRK-52E cells with the treatment of different concentrates of DFO for 24 hours. Then three groups of NRK-52E cells were used in experiments, including normal control (NC), DFO25uM, DFO25uM+MSC-CM. MSC-CM was used to culture cells for 12 hours before DFO treatment, then fresh MSC-CM and DFO 25uM cocultured cells for another 24 hours. Then the cell samples were collected. Results: Using Western Blot and cellular immunofluorescence, we found MSC-CM could reverse the DFO-induced up-regulation of TGF-β1, α-SMA, HIF-1α and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). DFO 25uM coculturing NRK-52E cells for 24 hours could simulate hypoxia well; HIF-1α and SRC-1 might be the harmful factors promoting EMT in NRK-52E cells during DFO mimetic-hypoxia.Conclusions: Our results suggest that MSC-CM have a protective effect on RTECs under DFO mimetic-hypoxia by down-regulating HIF-1α and SRC-1 which may be the harmful factors in renal injury.
Effect of Food Additives on the Histamine Formation during Processing and Storage of Mackerel (2) Effect of Glucose, Glycine, Sucrose and Sorbic Acid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In succession to the previous paper, the effect of the addition of food additives, such as glucose, glycine, sucrose and sorbic acid on the histamine formation and histidine decarboxylase activity in mackerel muscle during storage at was studied. Additionally, the effect of different rasping condition of mackerel muscle on the histamine formation was also studied. It was estimated that the rasping condition of mackerel muscle also affected to the histamine formation, by showing that much histamine was detected in homogenized muscle than in ground muscle when glucose and sucrose were added. The addition of glycine was inhibitory upon the histamine formation and histidine decarboxylase activity, which, in the muscle added of glycine, the histamine content was below the critical concentration of poisoning for histamine during storage for 5 days at . The addition of sorbic acid was also inhibited the histamine formation and histidine decarboxylase activity, and the inhibitory effect of addition was greater than addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine‐2,4‐diones with Affinity to the N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (Glycine Site) Receptor. Part 2. 5‐Arylidene‐pyrrolidine‐2,3,4‐trione 3‐Oximes as NMDA Receptor Antagonists.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical handover and handoff in healthcare: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this systematic review is to appraise and summarize existing literature on clinical handover. Data sources We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Study selection Included articles were reviewed independently by the review team. Data extraction The review team extracted data under the following headers: author(s), year of publication, journal, scope, search strategy, number of studies included, type of studies included, study quality assessment, used definition of handover, healthcare setting, outcomes measured, findings and finally some comments or remarks. Results of data synthesis First, research indicates that poor handover is associated with multiple potential hazards such as lack of availability of required equipment for patients, information omissions, diagnosis errors, treatment errors, disposition errors and treatment delays. Second, our systematic review indicates that no single tool arises as best for any particular specialty or use to evaluate the handover process. Third, there is little evidence delineating what constitutes best handoff practices. Most efforts facilitated the coordination of care and communication between healthcare professionals using electronic tools or a standardized form. Fourth, our review indicates that the principal teaching methods are role-playing and simulation, which may result in better knowledge transfer to the work environment, better health and patients’ well-being. Conclusions This review emphasizes the importance of staff education (including simulation-based and team training), non-technical skills and the implementation process of clinical handover in healthcare settings.
Doxorubicin resistance induces IL6 activation in the colon cancer cell line LS180

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Despite improvements in the development of drugs for the treatment of cancer, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. In colon cancer, following an initially promising response, patients develop drug resistance, which impacts the efficacy and halts the response of cancerous cells towards drugs. In the present study, a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) knockdown model of LS180 cells, doxorubicin-resistant models of LS180 cells as well as doxorubicin-resistant LS180 (PTEN) knockdown model were established. The present study demonstrated that doxorubicin resistance led to the activation of interleukin (IL)6 signalling pathway which was enhanced by knockdown of PTEN. There was also an increase in the levels of IL8 and IL2 which were further enchanced by knockdown of PTEN. Doxorubicin resistance also led to an increase in the population of cancer stem cells in LS180 and shPTEN-treated LS180 cells. Notably, doxorubicin resistance also induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and increased the formation of mammospheres. Furthermore, the present study also reported that IL6 receptor antibody not only decreased IL6 levels but also led to a significant decreased number of cancer stem cell like population and mammosphere formation. In conclusion, in the present study it was demonstrated that doxorubicin resistance led to activation of IL6 signalling pathway which was further elevated by the knockdown of PTEN in the colon cancer cell line LS180. Thus, inhibiting the IL6 loop may provide an alternative pathway to tackle doxorubicin resistance.
Coupled Neutronics–Thermal-Hydraulic Simulation of BEAVRS Cycle 1 Depletion by the MCS/CTF Code System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The coupled neutronics???thermal-hydraulic simulation of the Benchmark for Evaluation and Validation of Reactor Simulations (BEAVRS) Cycle 1 depletion has been performed by the Monte Carlo???based multiphysics coupling code system MCS/CTF. MCS/CTF is a cyclewise pi-card iteration-based inner-coupling code system that couples the subchannel thermal-hydraulic code CTF as a thermal-hydraulic solver in the Monte Carlo neutron transport code MCS. MCS has been developed by the Computational Reactor Physics and Experiment Lab group at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology for the full-core analysis of large-scale commercial light water reactors with high fidelity at the engineering level. With the high-fidelity performance of MCS, the quarter-core pinwise depletion simulation for the BEAVRS Cycle 1 benchmark has been conducted with thermal-hydraulic feedback including fuel temperature, coolant temperature, and coolant density. Moreover, the MCS internal one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic solver TH1D (MCS/TH1D) has been utilized as the reference. On one hand, the simulated results of the criticality boron concentration and axially integrated assemblywise detector signals were compared with measured data. On the other hand, the comparisons of power, fuel temperature, coolant temperature, and density are also presented in this paper.
An exploratory analysis of psychometric errors in performance appraisals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION WATKINS, CHANDRA DANETTE B.S., Howard University, 1985 An Exploratory Analysis of Psychometric Errors in Performance Apprai sals Advisor: Dr. James T. Jones Degree Paper dated July 1988 The significance of this degree paper is to identify ways in which psychometric errors can be minimized in performance appraisals. Psychometric errors are of five major types: halo effect, error of leniency, error of strictness, error of central tendency and recency of events errors. Performance appraisals are of several types and they can be classified as: subjective or objective. It was once thought that the design of the performance appraisal could eliminate .errors. Information in the Review of Literature proves otherwise. Although certain appraisal formats are more effective in reducing psychometric errors than are others, bias is still present in them. This requires the implementation and utilization of rater training programs to con trol the presence of these errors. There ure four major types of rater training programs. They are workshops, group discussion, scale con struction, and frame-of-reference training. Workshops and group discussions focus on tactics of gathering information and sampling behaviors. Scale construction training is a
A case study on the implementation of process-oriented in-hospital stroke care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dutch hospitals are in the midst of a transition towards process-oriented organisation to realise optimal and undisturbed care processes. Between 2004 and 2007, the University Hospital of Maastricht conducted a case study implementing process-oriented in-hospital stroke unit care. The case study consisted of four steps: (1) process analysis; (2) identification of bottlenecks; (3) setting goals for process-oriented care, and selection of coordination measures; and (4) implementation and evaluation. Imple- mentation of process-orientation via the coordination measures chosen streamlined the process and led to a better performance of in-hospital stroke unit care; the length of stay was reduced from 12 to 7 days, and the percentage of patients who could not be admitted to the stroke unit was reduced from 31% to 2%. The implementation of coordi- nation measures is a useful means of controlling the activities of the stroke care process from a process point of view. The coordination measures used will not automati- cally be applicable to other care processes because of the specific nature of each care process. Nevertheless, the general principles of visual representation, bottleneck reduction, and elimination of waste and uncertainty would be applicable in many settings.
67P Real-world data for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has been recently approved as new first-line standard of care for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We perform a real word study to evaluate the impact in term of outcome of the inclusion criteria from the IMbrave150 trial on safety and efficacy of treatment.
Reduction of Multimode Pulse Dispersion by Intentional Mode Coupling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Guidelines for the design of multimode, step-index fibers with intentional fluctuations of the refractive index of the core are given, with the aim of reducing multimode pulse dispersion. It appears possible to engineer a fiber with carefully designed refractive index fluctuations, the azimuthal variation of which is governed by the function cos ϕ and the z dependence of which has a spatial Fourier spectrum with a sharp cutoff frequency. By limiting the location of the index fluctuations to a region below a certain radius r max , coupling to modes with large azimuthal mode numbers can be avoided and power loss via coupling to radiation modes can be held to a minimum.
Phase Quantification of Regular and Turbo-stratified Graphite in Cast Iron by X-ray Diffractometry/Rietveld Refinement

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A method to quantify regular graphite and turbo-stratified graphite (TS-graphite) forming the free carbon in ductile cast iron was developed using X-ray powder diffractometry. Iron in accurately sampled 2–4 g of the ductile cast iron powder was decomposed using hydrochloric acid without heating, and the residue was centrifugally separated. Graphite, TS-graphite, wustite (FeO), and amorphous silicate were identified in the residue. Calibration-standard mixtures were prepared by mixing corundum (α-Al2O3), griceite (LiF), and graphite powder which showed the most similar full-width at half-maximum value of (002) line to that of graphite in the ductile cast iron sample. The calibration curve of graphite showed good linearity, with a range of 0–200 mg corresponding to the 0–5.0 mass% of graphite in the 4.00 g of the cast iron sample. The quantitative value of total graphite in the ductile cast iron sample was 3.17 mass% with 8.0% of relative standard deviation for n = 5. The peak area ratio of graphite and TS-graphite was calculated using Rietveld refinement by assuming the same atomic scattering factor for each graphite measurement. The concentration ratio of graphite and TS-graphite were 67.8 and 32.2%, respectively. The analytical values of graphite were in good agreement with those of the NIST gray cast iron standard material, with concentration ratio of 53.7% and 46.3% for graphite and TS-graphite, respectively.
Surgical Indications in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to evaluate the appropriateness of surgical treatment for small cell carcinoma of the lung, the results of 106 resected cases which were treated at five major institutes in Japan were analyzed. Cases were classified into oat cell type (19 cases) and intermediate cell type (87 cases). Only one oat cell type case survived more than five years and the results in oat cell type cases were no better even for those in surgical stage I. On the other hand, the five-year survival rate was 10.3% in intermediate cell type cases, suggesting that surgery is indicated for intermediate cell type cases in surgical stage I and II, especially in peripheral cases and that chemotherapy together with resection should be performed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RECOGNIZING AN EPITOPE DESIGNATED AS CANINE LEUKOCYTE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated as 15F1.5, was generated against surface determinants of a dog peripheral blood-derived PHA-induced IL-2-dependent T cell line. It reacted with 65-80% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 90-95% of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), 65-70% of thymocytes, 85-95% of Thy-1 positive cells and 85-95% of IL-2-dependent T lymphoid cells in flow cytometry. It was nonreactive with peripheral blood red cells and platelets. It immunoprecipitated 95 and 150 Kd proteins derived from detergent solubilized lymphocyte membranes. Indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections demonstrated positive reactivity to cells in lymphoid but not nonlymphoid tissues. The 15F1.5 antibody was not directly mitogenic for PBMC's. It caused significant decrease (P < or = 0.05) in the lymphoproliferative response to T-dependent B cell mitogens, such as pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and staphage lysate (SPL), without significant effects on responses to the T cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A). The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) response and both the proliferative and effector arms of the cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions (CMC) were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The mAb also inhibited the auto- and allolymphoproliferative reactivity of mixed lymphocyte kidney or islet cell cultures (MLKC and MLIC), and the adhesion of T lymphoblasts and PMA-treated PMNs to endothelial cells. In vivo administration of the 15F1.5 (20 mg/day for 5 days) caused an immediate and prolonged reduction in MLC responses, associated with cell binding of the mAb to PBMC and epitope modulation during the course of treatment, as indicated by flow cytometry. These results suggest that 15F1.5 is an immunomodulating antibody reacting with canine LFA-1. Thus, this mAb would be useful in studying the role of LFA-1/ICAM-1 in graft rejection as well as other inflammatory responses. It would also allow the use of an animal model to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of in vivo administration of anti-CD11/CD18 antibodies in organ/tissue transplants.
The effects of housing policies and macroeconomic factors on Singapore housing market : an ARDL approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the impacts of several macroeconomic factors including the real GDP per capita, housing loan rate, housing supply and foreign population rate and the government housing policies on the Singapore public resale and condominium markets using the quarterly data from 1991 quarter 1 to 2011 quarter 1. The empirical study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for estimating models of long run price determination and short run price dynamics. A new method is adopted to define the dummy variables for the government housing policies so that the initial and subsequent policy effects could be evaluated separately. The results show that there are long run relationships among the housing prices and the examined macroeconomic factors and housing policies in both markets. In particular, the public resale market is mainly affected by the housing policies, while the condominium market is influenced by both the macroeconomic factors and the housing policies. Furthermore, in both markets, the error correction models show that the short run price deviations can be corrected to the long run equilibriums through the negatively significant error correction terms.
Vzdelávacie ciele vyučovania cudzích jazykov

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objectives of foreign language teaching represent a key attribute in the planning and implementation of language education within the context of contemporary didactics. Scientific discussions in the field of glottodidactics highlight a shift from the traditional focus on grammatical accuracy toward the integrated development of communicative competence. The aim of this paper is to analyze the structure of educational objectives in the field of foreign language teaching and to examine their impact on the content and form of instruction. The starting point is a three-dimensional model (I – I and YOU – I and WORLD), which allows for the systematization of educational goals from an individual, interpersonal, and societal perspective. Based on the presented findings, the author emphasizes the need for precise definition and operationalization of communicative competence within the foreign language teaching process.
ChemInform Abstract: ent‐Kaurane Glycosides from Tricalysia okelensis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.