jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mapping Tidal Current Structures in Zhitouyang Bay, China, Using Coastal Acoustic Tomography

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The first Chinese coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) experiment for mapping the tidal currents in Zhitouyang Bay near Zhoushan Island was successfully performed with seven acoustic stations from July 12 to 13, 2009. Using CAT, the horizontal distributions of the tidal currents in the tomography domain were calculated by the inverse analysis, in which the travel time differences for sound traveling reciprocally between the station pairs are used as data. The specified tidal current structures, such as the strong east-west oscillation of the tidal current, the branched current, and the tidal vortices, were reconstructed as snapshots at the successive tidal phases. The relative vorticity calculated from the inverted current fields served to specify the current structures, such as tidal vortices. The inversion-estimated uncertainty of (0.02-0.08) m s -1 narrowed the root-mean-square difference (RMSD) of (0.00-0.11) m s -1 between the 3-min interval original data and the hourly mean data for all the sampled data, which may be regarded as a measure of error. Throughout the tidal phases, the divergence from the inverted current showed a positive (negative) distribution in the shallow (deep) region as an overall view. However, the divergence for the entire tomography domain was nearly equal to zero, corresponding to no net transport. This result implies that the observational errors are quite small for the present experiment. This experiment reaffirms that coastal acoustic tomography is an accurate and efficient observational method for continuously mapping tidal current structures in coastal regions that are characterized by heavy shipping traffic and active fishing.
Abstract 2339: Overexpression of PKCα in T47D breast cancer cells induces migration via p120-catenin transcriptional downregulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Several factors have been identified that influence epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. We previously reported that overexpression of protein kinase C α (PKCα) in breast cancer predicts tamoxifen resistant secondary tumors (Tonetti, 2003). In T47D breast cancer cells, stable overexpression of PKCα (T47D/PKCα) leads to hormone-independent growth as well as tamoxifen resistance (Chisamore, 2001). In our current study we report that PKCα overexpression increases the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells through induction of a nonclasssical EMT. T47D/PKCα cells are morphologically distinct from T47D/neo cells and do not retain the cuboidal structure of epithelial breast cancer cells. Overexpression of PKCα resulted in significantly induced migratory capabilities in the Boyden chamber assay and PKC activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate further enhanced T47D/PKCα cell migration. Pharmacological inhibition with the classical PKC inhibitor Go6976 significantly reduced the migratory capacity of T47D/PKCα cells. Transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKCα (120 h) significantly reduced both basal and NIH3T3 fibroblast conditioned media-induced T47D/PKCα cell migration. Levels of adherens junction proteins E-cadherin, α-E-catenin, β-catenin and p120-catenin were significantly downregulated in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo cells as determined by western blot. Levels of E-cadherin protein were restored by more than 50% after 168 h of PKCα knockdown in T47D/PKCα cells. While SYBR green RT-qPCR revealed that E-cadherin transcripts were significantly higher in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo control cells, there was no change in expression of β-catenin or α-E-catenin transcripts. However, p120-catenin transcripts were significantly lower in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo cells. Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 induces accumulation of E-cadherin but not p120-catenin. Taken together, these data suggest that PKCα may be responsible for EMT in breast cancer cells through upstream signaling that leads to transcriptional inhibition of p120-catenin and subsequent degradation of E-cadherin protein. Further, PKCα expression may not only be predictive of tamoxifen-resistance and hormone-independent growth but also of increased potential for metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2339
The structure of the alkali fusion product derived from maesopsin. The evidence based on mass spectrometry and N.M.R. spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Maesopsin, C15H12O6, (obtained from the heartwood of Maesopsis eminii, Rhamnaceae) on fusion with alkali forms a yellow product, C15H10O5, which on methylation forms two methyl ethers. Structures for these products are suggested from a consideration of their N.M.R. and mass spectra, which afford confirmation of the original work.
Highlighting the Impact of the Construction History of a Cultural Heritage Building Through a Vibration-Based Finite Element Model Updated by Particle Swarm Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerical models play a primary role in Cultural Heritage preservation. Nevertheless, the design of a realistic model remains challenging due not only to the complex behavior of masonry but also to the asynchronous building phases, the damage induced by natural and anthropic aggression, and the associated repairs. This paper discusses the impact of the information provided by an in-depth analysis of the construction history on the updating process of a Finite Element building model. The case study is the church of Sant'Agata del Mugello (Italy); for this building, a previous historical–archaeological study identified and recorded the asynchronous construction phases, the repair techniques, and the damage induced by three historical earthquakes (1542, 1611, and 1919) – moreover, a dense ambient vibration survey allowed to identify the modal parameters. The information from previous works is summarized in five Finite Element models with increasing complexity. A vibration-based model updating methodology based on a Particle Swarm Algorithm is developed. This work shows that the best minimization of the difference between the numerical and experimental modal parameters is obtained with the numerical model considering the identified construction techniques, repair phases, and connection relations between the bell tower and the nave.
Modeling of Compaction Trends of Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Shales

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Modeling of anisotropic elastic moduli of shales is a long‐standing problem in rock physics. Every year, industry and academia conduct hundreds of measurements of elastic and geomechanical properties of shales complemented with detailed mineralogical analysis, electron microscopy, and microtomographic images. However, a predictive theoretical model, which would be able to predict elastic properties of shale based on its detailed characterization, is still lacking. This is due to the complex multicomponent nature of shales which leads to multiparametric character of the modeling. It is extremely challenging to separate and investigate effects of these multiple parameters individually on natural shale samples. In this work, we analyze a unique data set of elastic properties measured on two artificial shales compacted with carefully controlled mineralogy, microstructure, and porosity. We developed a new modeling approach that consists of four steps that take into account effects of (1) the orientation of clay particles, (2) porosity, (3) silt fraction, and (4) the stiffness of contacts between clay particles. Three of these four steps require only measurable parameters and, only at the final step, the effect of unknown parameters (namely, contact properties of clay platelets) are accounted for. Further, the obtained contact properties are shown to be in a good agreement with the contact properties estimated for natural shale samples. Finally, we demonstrate the effect of each of these identified parameters on elastic coefficients and Thomsen's anisotropic parameters.
Long-term Health Outcomes of New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery Among Medicare Beneficiaries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: We examined long-term health outcomes associated with new persistent opioid use after surgery and hypothesized that patients with new persistent opioid use would have poorer overall health outcomes compared with those who did not develop new persistent opioid use after surgery. Background: New persistent opioid use is a common surgical complication. Long-term opioid use increases risk of mortality, fractures, and falls; however, less is known about health care utilization among older adults with new persistent opioid use after surgical care. Methods: We analyzed claims from a 20% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years undergoing surgery between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2019. We estimated associations between new persistent use and subsequent health events between 6 and 12 months after surgery, including mortality, serious fall/fall-related injury, and respiratory or opioid/pain-related readmission/emergency department (ED) visits using a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate mortality and multivariable logistic regression for the remaining outcomes, adjusting for demographic/clinical characteristics. Our primary outcome was mortality within 6 to 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included falls and readmissions or ED visits (respiratory, pain related/opioid related) within 6 to 12 months after surgery. Results: Of 229,898 patients, 6874 (3.0%) developed new persistent opioid use. Compared with patients who did not develop new persistent opioid use, patients with new persistent opioid use had a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio 3.44, CI, 2.99–3.96), falls [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.21, 95% CI, 1.05–1.39], and respiratory-related (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI, 1.49–1.86) or pain-related/opioid-related (aOR: 1.68, 95% CI, 1.55–1.82) readmissions/ED visits. Conclusions: New persistent opioid use after surgery is associated with increased mortality and poorer health outcomes after surgery. Although the mechanisms that underlie this risk are not clear, persistent opioid use may also be a marker for greater morbidity requiring more care in the late postoperative period. Increased awareness of individuals at risk for new persistent use after surgery and close follow-up in the late postoperative period is critical to mitigate the harms associated with new persistent use.
Re: Cost-Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities: Economic Evaluation with a Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Jan 2015Re: Cost-Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities: Economic Evaluation with a Randomized Controlled Trial Tomas L. GrieblingMD, MPH Tomas L. GrieblingTomas L. Griebling More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.10.028AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Cost-Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities: Economic Evaluation with a Randomized Controlled Trial." The Journal of Urology, 193(1), pp. 152–153 © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 1January 2015Page: 152-153Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tomas L. Griebling More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Maximum Likelihood Position Location with a Limited Number of References

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A Position Location (PL) scheme for mobile users on the outskirts of coverage areas is presented. The proposedmethodology makes it possible to obtain location information with only two land-fixed references. We introduce ageneral formulation and show that maximum-likelihood estimation can provide adequate PL information in thisscenario. The Root Mean Square (RMS) error and error-distribution characterization are obtained for differentpropagation scenarios. In addition, simulation results and comparisons to another method are provided showing theaccuracy and the robustness of the method proposed. We study accuracy limits of the proposed methodology fordifferent propagation environments and show that even in the case of mismatch in the error variances, good PLestimation is feasible.
Pulsed atomic soliton laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that simultaneously changing the scattering length of an\nelongated, harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate from positive to\nnegative and inverting the axial portion of the trap, so that it becomes\nexpulsive, results in a train of self-coherent solitonic pulses. Each pulse is\nitself a non-dispersive attractive Bose-Einstein condensate that rapidly\nself-cools. The axial trap functions as a waveguide. The solitons can be made\nrobustly stable with the right choice of trap geometry, number of atoms, and\ninteraction strength. Theoretical and numerical evidence suggests that such a\npulsed atomic soliton laser can be made in present experiments.\n
Standard plant bioassays for toxicity assessment of urban soils with complex xenobiotic profile

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We have assessed the toxicity of urban soil with a complex xenobiotics profile incorporating persistent organic pollutants using standard plant biotesting with Latuca sativa (L.) lattice and Triticum aestivum (L.) wheat. Analysis of adjoint variations of the certain endpoints that characterize the growth parameters allowed one to reveal and qualitatively define the tested activity as being similar to the functional effects of some phytoregulators. No correlation was revealed between the level of the tested activity expressed with the indicated endpoints and the concentrations/sum of concentrations of xenobiotics profile components.
Can exercise harm the unborn baby?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unlike our pregnant grandmothers and mothers who believed that too much physical activity would harm their unborn babies, today's pregnant women are actively encouraged to flex their muscles. A recent study by Rafia and Whitelaw (1996) has shown that exercise is not harmful to the fetus in healthy pregnancies, although a study by Bell et al (1995) did establish a link between women who exercised vigorously more than four times a week with lower birth weight babies.
Petroglyph N23 Khatm Al Melaha, Kalba, Sharjah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Natural Version with paint, Petroglyph N23 Khatm Al Melaha, Kalba, Sharjah. One wild ass. Likely Neolithic or earlier. [Fossati 2019 Messages from the Past: Rock Art of the Al-Hajar Mountains (Oman)]. Khatm Al Melaha is an archaeological site on the coast of the Oman Sea near Kalba in Sharjah, UAE. It is one of the largest rock art sites in the UAE. Over 175 stones with petroglyphs were documented and close to 400 motifs were identified. Every rock with a glyph was given an ID number and a GPS coordinate. In total 25455 terrestrial photographs, 5244 drone photographs, 44 drone videos, and 182 GPS points (+/- 1cm) were done in a single day. Petroglyphs were identified using Radiance Scaling in Meshlab, materials lighting in Substance Painter, and by changing conditions in Sketchfab. Some carvings were completely invisible when viewing. Drawings were done only when a line could be identified using one of these techniques. Reality Capture and Substance Painter Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
A Case of Confirmation Bias

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This review article questions the evidence presented by Geoffrey Hodgson to support his claims about the "failure" of heterodox economics which he attributes to its social structures—institutions, culture, and habits. Many of his claims have been previously presented or published. His 2019 monograph seeks to weave together these claims made in multiple fora into an intellectually coherent whole, and he targets particularly Cambridge (heterodox) economics. I contend the following: Hodgson’s “benchmarks” to judge heterodox economics are illustrative of a selective use of evidence; his generalized statements are not concrete evidence nor are his unsubstantiated assertions delivered with conviction; and, his selective use of evidence speaks to confirmation bias.
Strength anisotropy in kaolinite clay

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The note presents the results of tests conducted to study the influence of several maximum past pressures on the variation of the ratio ks with the overconsolidation ratio ocr. Ks is the ratio of undrained strength of the horizontal specimen to undrained strength of the vertical specimen. The samples were consolidated in stages to different maximum past pressures 1,2,3 and 4 kg/sq.cm. And were unloaded to different final pressures. They were allowed to rebound one dimensionally so that samples could be obtained at ocr's ranging from 1 to 20. It was found that ks increased with ocr for all samples irrespective of maximum past pressures to which they were consolidated. This is attributed to changes in the in situ conditions or the anisotropy in in situ stresses which occur during overconsolidation. All the samples showed an anisotropy in strength at the condition KO = 1 whereas theoretically the soil should exhibit isotropy. It is suggested that this could be due to the influence of anisotropy in fabric. /TRRL/
Development of In Situ Methods for Preparing La-Mn-Co-Based Compounds over Carbon Xerogel for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in an Alkaline Medium

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Metal oxides containing La, Mn, and Co cations can catalyze oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in electrochemical processes. However, these materials require carbon support and optimal interactions between both compounds to be active. In this work, two approaches to prepare composites of La-Mn-Co-based compounds over carbon xerogel were developed. Using sol-gel methods, either the metal-based material was deposited on the existing carbon xerogel or vice versa. The metal oxide selected was the LaMn0.7Co0.3O3 perovskite, which has good catalytic behavior and selectivity towards direct ORRs. All the as-prepared composites were tested for ORRs in alkaline liquid electrolytes and characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques such as XRD, XPS, SEM, or N2 adsorption. Although the perovskite structure either decomposed or failed to form using those in situ methods, the materials exhibited great catalytic activity, which can be ascribed to the strengthening of the interactions between oxides and the carbon support via C-O-M covalent bonds and to the formation of new active sites such as the MnO/Co heterointerfaces. Moreover, Co-Nx-C species are formed during the synthesis of the metal compounds over the carbon xerogel. These species possess a strong catalytic activity towards ORR. Therefore, the composites formed by synthesizing metal compounds over the carbon xerogel exhibit the best performance in the ORR, which can be ascribed to the presence of the MnO/Co heterointerfaces and Co-Nx-C species and the strong interactions between both compounds. Moreover, the small nanoparticle size leads to a higher number of active sites available for the reaction.
Experimental Demonstration and Numerical Study of Plasmon-Soliton Waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Merging the fields of plasmonics and nonlinear optics authorizes a variety of fascinating and original physical phenomena. In this work, we specifically study the combination of the strong light confinement ability of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) with the beam self-trapping effect in a nonlinear optical Kerr medium. Although this idea of plasmon-soliton has been the subject of numerous theoretical papers since the eighties [1-4], up to now, no experimental evidence had been revealed yet. In the present study, a proper structure (Fig. 1a) has been designed and fabricated allowing the first experimental demonstration of these hybrid nonlinear waves merging spatial solitons and SPP. To be able to trigger the nonlinearity at moderate light power and simultaneously to allow propagation over several millimeters, a multilayered dielectric-metal structure was first designed by modeling [5]. It consists of a five-layer planar geometry (Fig. 1a) made from a silicon wafer with a thick silica layer covered by a chalcogenide layer (green) that is covered with a 10 nm silica layer followed by a gold film (yellow). Performed numerical simulations show that the main nonlinear TM modes of the designed planar waveguide exhibits a strongly enhanced Kerr self-focusing thanks to the plasmonic effect compared to the main TE nonlinear mode. The experimental analysis consists in injecting a typical 4×30 μm 2 (FWHM) elliptical beam at 1.55 μm from a femtosecond laser into the 5 mm long structure. The output beam distribution evolution is then monitored versus input light intensity. Fig. 1 shows the large trapping enhancement observed for a TM mode in presence of the plasmonic structure (Fig. 1d,e) compared to configurations (Fig. 1b, c and Fig. 1f, g) where the plasmonic effect is absent. For an input intensity of 1.17 GW/cm 2 the beam is self-confined to a 12 μm FWHM (Fig. 1e) while the FWHM is twice larger (Fig. 1c,g) without plasmonic effect. The proposed plasmonic structure definitely exposes an enhanced self-focusing nonlinearity. The strong light confinement is due to the presence of the plasmon-soliton wave that propagates in the studied structures only for the TM polarization. Different configurations have been characterized and modeled as a function of beam input intensity that confirm the formation of these plasmon-soliton waves [6].