jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Leguminosae tree species in different altitudinal levels along the Atlantic Rain Forest in the Brazilian coast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world. Leguminosae, by its great richness and dominance among arboreal stratum elements, is of major importance in the floristic composition and structure of this forest. We investigated the distribution of legume species on an altitudinal gradient to find out the altitudinal zones with higher richness of species; the altitudinal zones with greater floristic similarity; the possible presence of species that may be exclusive to certain vegetation types and the altitudinal amplitudes of those species, as well as the occurrence of species substitution along the altitudinal gradient. Therefore, thirty one studies conducted in different altitudinal levels between 5° S and 29° S were analyzed. A matrix with 142 tree species distributed in altitudinal zones (every 100 m) from sea level to 2100 m was built. The greatest species richness was observed in the Submontane Forest (50–500 m) with 92 species. The cluster analysis revealed a strong dissimilarity of the 1400–2100 m (Upper Montane) and 0–10 m zones (Restinga Forest). The Submontane and the Montane Forest share the highest number of species (38 ssp.). Forty species are unique to Submontane. Substitution of species was verified. Some species have their preferred habitat located at a specific altitudinal amplitude, as is the case of Inga laurina and I. subnuda (0–10 m), I. lanceifolia and Machaerium scleroxylon (800–1200 m). The Leguminosae, although well adapted to the first colonization and establishment of diverse environment, was poorly represented above 1500 m altitude.
Is Colonoscopy Truly Needed for Very Elderly Patients Aged 85 Years or Over With Positive FOBT?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: As the Japanese population continues to age, the number of fecal occult blood test (FOBT)-positive elderly individuals detected by medical screening is increasing. However, as these individuals have various underlying diseases, colonoscopy may not be the best option because of the risk of complications. We performed colonoscopy in FOBT-positive elderly individuals and investigated the final diagnoses and treatments offered. Methods: A total of 77 FOBT-positive elderly patients (>85 years old) who visited our department between June 2011 and June 2015 were examined by colonoscopy. Those with visible blood in the stool were excluded. Final diagnosis based on colonoscopy findings, and subsequent treatments were investigated. Results: Subjects included 36 men (mean age, 87.4 years; oldest age, 92 years) and 41 women (mean age, 87.9 years; oldest age, 94 years). 16 patients were receiving oral antithrombotic therapy. Colonoscopy revealed no abnormalities in 28 patients, rectal ulcer in 1 patient, ischemic colitis in 2 patients, colon polyps < 5 mm in 21 patients (2 treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) / 19 untreated), colon polyps 6-10 mm in 14 patients (8 treated by EMR / 6 untreated), colon polyps 11-20 mm in 6 patients (2 treated by EMR / 2 treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) / 1 untreated / 1 only biopsy), colon polyp 30mm in 1 patient(only biopsy) and advanced colon cancer in 4 patient (treated by laparotomy). Among 14 patients who underwent EMR/ESD, adenocarcinoma was not found, but found in 2 patients who underwent only biopsy. High-grade adenomas were found in 4 patients with polyps 11-20 mm, while low-grade adenomas were found in the remaining 9 patients. Only 1 complication was happened to 86 years old women. The complication was perforation in case of ESD (15mm polyp of ascending colon), but was improved by conservative medical treatment. Conclusion: The majority of very elderly FOBT-positive patients (>85 years old) without visible blood in the stool had no abnormalities or low-grade adenoma when the polyp was small, showing that advanced colon cancer was relatively rare. Considering their advanced age, colon polyps are unlikely to progress rapidly to cancer in very elderly patients. Thus, instead of offering colonoscopy to all very elderly FOBTpositive patients, non-invasive abdominal computed tomography may be useful to select those with suspected advanced colon cancer for further examination by colonoscopy.
Efficient AI Data Traffic Management via Quantum Network Routing Algorithms With Genuine Nonlocality in Triangle Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores the integration of amount network routing algorithms to optimize AI data business operation in triangle networks. Using genuine nonlocality essential in amount systems, the study proposes new approaches to enhance effectiveness and scalability in data transmission. By employing amount parcels similar as superposition and trap, the proposed algorithms aim to alleviate traffic and quiescence issues generally encountered in traditional routing styles. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, the effectiveness of the amount routing algorithms is demonstrated, showcasing their eventuality to revise data business operation in AI systems. This interdisciplinary approach islands quantum computing and network optimization, offering promising avenues for advancing communication technologies in complex triangular network infrastructures.
Reconfigurable optoelectronic interconnects for VLSI circuits based on fibre arrays

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the presented work is to realise optical interconnects based on two-dimensional (2D) fibre arrays for the board-to-board area in order to overcome bandwidth problems caused by planar bus structures in computing systems. Due to arising mechanical, optical and thermal problems in board-to-board area free space optical interconnects are not recommendable. Therefore fibre-based connections are a good choice because the connection is relative flexible, secure against interspersing light and stable in temperature. In the paper we present a parallel optoelectronic demonstration system which is based on VCSELs, an 8×8 fibre array with a pitch of 250 µm and an appropriate smart CMOS detector array operating as receiver circuit. Each link has the potential to transmit data with a rate of 625 Mbit/s. For a flexible wiring between the boards we attached the optoelectronic devices with reconfigurable hardware. Furthermore the technical and architectural problems in designing smart detector VLSI circuits are in the focus of the paper. 1.
Oration “Sentio” of Enea Silvio Piccolomini (December 1452, Vienna). Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg. Preliminary edition, 5th version. (Orations of Enea Silvio Piccolomini / Pope Pius II; 20)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1452, the Austrians rebelled against the government of Emperor Friedrich III which the emperor exercised on behalf of his ward and nephew, the 12 year old Ladislaus Posthumous, Archduke of Austria and King of Hungary and Bohemia. The rebellion was victorious: Ladislaus left the guardianship of the emperor and moved to Vienna where a government was set up in his name. A number of issues were to be settled at a peace conference in Vienna in December, where the emperor was mainly represented by the seasoned imperial diplomat, Enea Silvio Piccolomini, Bishop of Siena. Piccolomini was also legate of the pope, Nicolaus V, who had intervened in favour of the newly crowned emperor. Piccolomini had prepared an oration, Sentio, to be held at the conference, vigourously defending both emperor and pope, but the oration was probably not delivered.
How much to charge? Modeling conflicts in fisheries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over the last two decades, fisheries sector has been playing an important role in the global economy as a vibrant sector. By looking into the interactions among natural resources, human beings and government, this paper first brief examines the issue of complicated conflicts in fisheries together with its influence on fisheries management. Under the assumption that the fishing resources will not be exhausted, this paper further reveals the particular conflicts between economic performance and community welfare by modeling the strategic interaction amongst the government and fishing firms based on the two stage non-cooperative game theory. With two static models and one dynamic model enclosed, this paper demonstrates with how government establishes the fishing fee rate to achieve its primary goal and how the fishing firms react to the policy in each scenario and concludes with some brief suggestions regarding policy-making for the Chinese government. In the end, it considers the implications of the models and future work priorities.
Comment on hess-2023-62

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Sustainable and climate-friendly space heating and cooling is of great importance for the energy transition. Compared to conventional energy sources, Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from space heating and cooling. Hence, the objective of this study is to quantify the technical potential of shallow low-temperature ATES systems in terms of reclaimable energy in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Based on 3D heat transport modeling, heating and cooling power densities are determined for various hydrogeological subsurface characteristics and ATES configurations. High groundwater flow velocities of up to 13 m d-1 cause high storage energy loss limiting power densities to a maximum of 3.2 W m-2. Nevertheless, comparison of these power densities with the existing thermal energy demands shows that ATES systems can achieve substantial heating and cooling supply rates. This is especially true for the cooling demand, for which a full supply by ATES is determined for 92 % of all residential buildings in the study area. For ATES heating alone, potential greenhouse gas emission savings of up to about 70,000 tCO2eq a-1 are calculated, which equals about 40 % of the current greenhouse gas emissions caused by space and water heating in the study areas’ residential building stock. The modeling approach proposed in this study can also be applied in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions to obtain estimations of local ATES supply rates and support city-scale energy planning.
Splanchnic Oxygen Transport and Lactate Metabolism During Normothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of normothermic (36.2[degree sign]C +/- 0.6[degree sign]C) nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on splanchnic (hepatic) blood flow (SBF), splanchnic oxygen transport (DO2spl) and oxygen consumption (VO2spl), splanchnic lactate uptake and gastric mucosal pH (pHi, gastric tonometry) was studied in 12 adults (New York Heart Association class II, ejection fraction >or=to0.4) undergoing coronary artery surgery. SBF was estimated with the constant-infusion indocyanine green (ICG) technique using a hepatic venous catheter. DO2spl, VO2spl, and splanchnic lactate uptake were calculated using the Fick principle after the induction of anesthesia, during aortic cross-clamping, after CPB, and 2 and 7 h after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). SBF, DO2spl, and VO2spl did not decrease during CPB but increased after ICU admission, whereas pHi decreased 7 h after ICU admission. Initial ICG extraction was 0.78, which decreased to 0.54 during aortic clamping and remained low thereafter. The increased arterial blood lactate concentrations were not associated with a decreased splanchnic lactate uptake. We conclude that normothermic CPB is not associated with deterioration in the global intestinal oxygen supply. The increase of blood lactate levels and the decrease in ICG extraction, as well as in pHi, are consistent with a systemic inflammatory response to CPB. Implications: This study demonstrated that normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (at flows >2.4 L [center dot] min-1 [center dot] m-2) was not associated with deterioration in global intestinal oxygen delivery, which suggests that increased blood lactate concentrations and decreased gastric mucosal pH and indocyanine green extraction are manifestations of a systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass.
Managing Generative AI Innovation: The Impact of Proactive Personality and LMX on Work Outcomes

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study uses leader-member exchange (LMX) theory to examine the interplay between proactive personality, LMX, generative AI innovation (GenAI innovation), and affective employee perceptions. Data collected from 378 working adults were tested with mediated-moderation analyses to examine the extent to which the relationship between proactive personality and employee perceptions varied as a function of LMX while working through GenAI innovation. The results indicated that LMX positively moderated (i.e., strengthened) the relationship between proactive personality and GenAI innovation. Furthermore, GenAI innovation mediated the relationship between the interaction (i.e., proactive personality X LMX) and three affective perceptions, namely organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Support for this mediated-moderation model empirically validates the interactive influence between individual characteristics and relational factors in the organizational environment. These findings pose beneficial managerial and conceptual insights to improve organizational performance by facilitating innovation and retaining engaged employees.
Positive psychology pioneers: Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi's power and potential to influence mental health nursing

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This article is the second in a series that celebrates the work of positive psychologists and how their work has the power and potential to influence mental health nursing practice. Focusing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934–2021) and his work on flow will help to bring interest and understanding to this exciting and developing area of mental health nursing practice. The practical activities provided in the article will help the reader increase their own awareness of flow to develop its use and transferability within their own life.
Cognitive Cooperation in Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, vertical handover (VHO) has been identified as the primary vehicle to provision seamless mobility and quality of service (QoS) transparency for end-user in composite network. This allows end-user to enjoy ubiquitous connectivity in the most efficient way, irrespective of time and place, commonly known as always best connected. In this chapter, the authors introduce the notion of cognitive cooperation as a means to provide optimized VHO opportunistically in order to exploit the inherent heterogeneity that exists within such composite network to improve radio resource usage. Through the cognitive cooperation, the chapter proposes a distributed load adaptation strategy (LAS) framework which exploits the benefits of joint optimization, particularly between link adaptation and load adaptation on-demand. The authors advocate that such synergetic interactions between the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer have advantages over the PHY approach based only on link adaptation. Comprehensive performance analyses show that the LAS framework arbitrates a QoS-balanced system in which statistical QoS guarantee for multimedia traffic can be provisioned and overall system capacity can be maximized.
Data Science: Reducing Environmental Complexities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data Science has been developed as an impressive new scientific field, related disputes and considerations have pursued to address why science in general needs data science. However, few such arguments concern the intrinsic complexities and intelligence in data science. As data science pay attention to efficient understanding of complex data and business related problems. The primary objective of data science is exploration of the complexities. Among these complexities, Environmental complexities are an important factor. By using algorithms, these complexities can be reduced.
Racial disparities in lower extremity orthopaedic injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments from 2010 to 2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Racial and ethnic disparities remain a major problem in orthopedic surgery, driving inequitable resource distribution, disparate clinical outcomes, and increased healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to investigate potential racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence and injury patterns of orthopedic lower extremity trauma (LET) in the United States over the past 10 years, as well as differences in final disposition outcomes. Materials and Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried for all orthopedic LET presenting to U.S. emergency departments from 2010 to 2020. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to compare incidence rates between racial/ethnic groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to compare disposition outcomes. Results Black/African Americans (Black/AAs) consistently experienced the highest incidence of LET over the 10-year period analyzed (709.108 per 100,000 person-years), followed by Whites (547.159 per 100,000 person-years). Furthermore, Black/AAs had the highest incidence of polytrauma (114.19 per 100,000 person-years), over 1.7x greater than Whites (IRR: 1.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72–1.75]). Black/AAs had over 2-fold higher odds of death after LET compared to Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.15 [95% CI: 1.78–2.59]). By 2019 to 2020, the incidence of deaths among Black/AAs reached more than triple that of Whites (IRR: 3.50 [95% CI: 2.74–4.46]). Black/AAs were also the most likely to be discharged against medical advice (AMA) (aOR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.92–1.96]), and the least likely to be admitted as inpatients (aOR: 0.683 [95% CI: 0.679–0.688]). Conclusions Despite Black/AAs experiencing a disproportionately higher incidence of LET and over 2-fold greater odds of death compared to Whites, they were also the most likely to be discharged AMA and least likely to be admitted as inpatients. Understanding the effects of conscious/unconscious biases and the importance of effective communication and patient education may help physicians ensure that injuries in this patient population are not prematurely discharged, potentially improving clinical outcomes, and reducing mortality. Level of Evidence III.
The in vacuo release of Ar from minerals: 1. Hydrous minerals

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The systematics of Ar release during in vacuo stepwise heating of hydrous minerals is examined. By means of common-denominator three-isotope correlation diagrams, in use for 60 years, it is possible to recognize the presence of polymineralic mixtures in a step-heated mineral separate and characterize their components. These correlation diagrams, when applied to literature studies proposing Fick's Law diffusion during in vacuo stepwise heating, show that in actual fact these studies were based on partly retrogressed micas that were intergrown with their alteration products, probably at a scale < 20 μm so as to escape recognition during handpicking. The degassing of hydrous minerals in vacuo does not follow Fick's Law in an inert, homogeneous matrix, and instead proceeds from the structural collapse during dehydration. An alternative presentation discussed here quantifies the differential release of the Ar isotopes. Their release follows the structural collapse of their host phases and gives rise to remarkably well resolved patterns even in polymineralic samples.
Synthesis of an Intermediate to the Tetracyclic Ergot Alkaloids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

4-Nitro-5-[3-hydroxy-2-~1,3-dioxolan-2-ylidene~propyll-5H-benz[c,dlindole (a) was synthesized from 4-(1-methoxycarbonyl-2-pyrroly1)crotonaldehyde (1) as a useful intermediate to the tetracyclic ergot alkaloids.4-Nitro-SK-benz[c,dl indole derivative & is an important precursor1 for synthesis of the ergot alkaloids and we have reported the total synthesis of 6.7-seco-2 3 agroclavine ( & ) , chanoclavine-I (Xk), and dihydrosetoclavine3 (z), utilizing & I COOMe ~O O M ~ COOMe I
Impact of brand authenticity on word-of-mouth for tourism souvenirs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although prior studies have shown that consumers who perceive brand authenticity are more likely to spread word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations, the underlying explanatory mechanism in the context of souvenir products in tourism remains unclear. To fill this gap, this study presents a hypothetical framework that elucidates the mechanisms through which brand authenticity influences positive WOM and identifies the boundary condition that enhances its effects, drawing on consumer inference theory. Through a survey conducted on a fictitious food souvenir brand in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, a prominent tourist destination in Japan, we confirm that a company’s commitment to the brand’s roots, as inferred from brand authenticity, mediates the relationship between brand authenticity and positive WOM. Additionally, we show that this indirect effect is strengthened by consumers’ perceptions of the craftsman’s passion. These findings offer novel insights into marketing communication strategies aimed at amplifying positive WOM for future food souvenirs in a tourism context.
Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Physio-metabolic Response during Stunting of Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) Reared under Pond Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Stunting is a process of suppressing growth from unfavourable conditions. The protein supplementation during stunting gives scope to maintain the nutrient reserves of fish and its quality. Methods: A feeding trial was conducted for eight months to study the effect of three hetero-nitrogenous diets with 25% (control), 30% (T1) and 35% (T2) crude protein (CP) levels on growth and physio-metabolic responses of Chanos chanos fingerlings during stunting. Milk fish fingerlings with a mean body weight of 11.71±0.18 g were stocked in earthen ponds @ 20 no/m2 in each replicate (n=3) was fed @ 2% biomass throughout the experiment. Result: Fish fed with T1 diet showed better specific growth rate (0.64±0.01% d-1), weight gain percentage (362.56±14.95) and protease activity (7.53±0.25 U/mg protein). Whereas, lower activity was observed for the enzyme assay, namely superoxide dismutase (45.41±2.50 U/min/mg protein), aspartate aminotransferase (34.01±1.88 U/min/mg protein) and alanine aminotransferase (39.64±0.64 U/min/mg protein). Hence, it may be concluded that the dietary protein inclusion level of 30% CP showed better growth performance and lower physio-metabolic response in milkfish fingerlings during the stunting.
Bacterial infections in acute pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

aDepartment of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark bDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden cDepartment of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Received 9 September 2020 Accepted 19 September 2020 Correspondence to Maja Rou Marstrand-Joergensen, Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark, Tel: +45 38 68 38 68; e-mail: [email protected]