jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implications of Thresholds in Discrete Choice Modelling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Individual choices are affected by complex factors and the challenge consists of how to incorporate these factors in order to improve the realism of the modelling work. The presence of limits, cut‐offs or thresholds in the perception and appraisal of both attributes and alternatives is part of the complexity inherent to choice‐making behaviour. The paper considers the existence of thresholds in three contexts: inertia (habit or reluctance to change), minimum perceptible changes in attribute values, and as a mechanism for accepting or rejecting alternatives. It discusses the more relevant approaches in modelling these types of thresholds and analyses their implications in model estimation and forecasting using both synthetic and real databanks. It is clear from the analysis that if thresholds exist but are not considered, the estimated models will be biased and may produce significant errors in prediction. Fortunately, there are practical methods to attack this problem and some are demonstrated.
LOSS OF KERNEL QUALITY ASSOCIATED WITH HARVEST DELAYS IN TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Knowledge of factors that adversely affect the quality of walnuts grown inTasmania, Australia, is limited. Experiments over two years investigated thetemporal development of fruit maturity and the effect of harvest delays on kernelquality. The progression of kernel maturity, or packing tissue brown (PTB), wassimilar in Lara and Vina, with 95% PTB predicted between 77 and 87 days afterJanuary 1. The onset of harvest, defined as 80% hullable fruits, was similar for thetwo cultivars, occurring within 5-days of each other. Delaying harvest beyond 95%PTB reduced kernel quality in both years. In 2009-10, delaying harvest significantlyreduced the percentage of extra-light kernels for Vina, Howard and Chandleri.e., for Chandler, from 77% extra-light with no harvest delay compared to 63% a7-day harvest delay. Delaying harvest by 7 days significantly increased the percent ofkernels with yellow pellicle i.e., from less than 6% yellow pellicle with no delay to 24,28 and 51% of Howard, Vina and Chandler nuts, respectively, with a 7-dayharvest delay. Similarly, in 2011-12 Lara and Chandler nuts harvested 8 days ormore after tree shaking had fewer extra-light kernels, and more yellow pellicle andmould, compared to nuts harvested earlier. Additional research will identify seasonalvariations and improve the initial description of fruit maturity and factors affectingkernel quality.
Appeals to the Mental Health Review Tribunal in an ageing population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The United Kingdom (UK) population is ageing. This change is accompanied by an increase in the number of people aged over 65 who come into contact with psychiatric services. The use of the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) in patients above 65 years of age is limited. These patients are less likely to appeal against their detention and may vary in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics compared with younger patients who are more likely to appeal against their detention. All patients detained for the first time under the MHA in the ten-year period 1992-2002 at Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, were studied for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. More appeals against detention came from people below 65 years of age. Patients detained on section 2 (MHA) appealed more often than patients on section 3. Only a few patients with a diagnosis of dementia appealed against their detention. Additional safeguards should be introduced for this group. We recommend that the appeal process should be simpler and should provide information in all the major languages used in the UK.
Heparan sulfates of cultured cells. I. Membrane-associated and cell-sap species in Chinese hamster cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeparan sulfates of cultured cells. I. Membrane-associated and cell-sap species in Chinese hamster cellsPaul M. KraemerCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 8, 1437–1445Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00784a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00784a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations238LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploring frame-based gesture design for immersive VR shopping environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the design of gesture-based user interfaces, traditional gesture elicitation studies suffer from the legacy bias problem. In this paper, we conducted an exploratory study about the practical effects of frame-based design for gestural interaction with immersive VR shopping applications. In this study, we derived gestures via the traditional guessability and the framed guessability approaches. Experimental results indicated that priming participants with a frame, or a scenario, could significantly reduce the impact of legacy bias, and result in superior gesture vocabulary. However, no evidence was found that the priming technique would generate more gesture types, which may lead to lower agreement scores due to the reduction of legacy bias. Based on our findings, we propose some concrete design guidelines for gesture-based interaction. We highlight the implications of this work for the design of all gesture-based applications.
A study on the cost sharing model for supply lead time reduction with component commonality

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies a two-level supply chain consisting of components supplier and product assembly manufacturer, while the manufacturer shares the investment on shortening supply lead time. The objective of this research is to investigate the benefits of cost sharing strategy and adopting component commonality. The result of numerical analysis demonstrates that using component commonality can help reduce the total cost, especially when the manufacture shares a higher fraction of the cost of investment in shortening supply lead time.
The Effects of Fish Assemblage Composition on Lake Water Quality

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Current trophic cascade theories predict that changes in the piscivore to planktivore biomass ratio will cascade down the food web, and will cause both chlorophyll and water clarity to deviate from nutrient – predicted values in individual lakes. An extensive survey of mid summer observations for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish in Argentinean lakes and reservoirs, were used to study the effects of planktivorous and piscivorous fishes on chlorophyll concentrations and Secchi disk transparency. Regression analysis for different subsets of the data was used in this study. Regressions of chlorophyll on total phosphorus and Secchi disk on total phosphorus differed significantly among lakes with different fish assemblages. At comparable total phosphorus concentrations, lakes with planktivores but without piscivores had the highest phytoplankton biomass and the lowest water clarity. In conclusion, the results show that the fish assemblage composition has a dramatic effect on chlorophyll concentrations and water transparency when nutrient effects have been accounted for. Key Words: TP-Chl relationshipschlorophyllwater transparencytotal phosphorusplanktivore fishlake comparisonsArgentinean lakes
Selection of reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in blood of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is used for research in gene expression, and it is vital to choose appropriate housekeeping genes (HKGs) as reference genes to obtain correct result. The purpose of this study is to determine stably expressed HKGs in blood of beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) that can be the appropriate reference genes in relative quantification in gene expression research. Sixty blood samples were taken from 4 beluga whales. Thirteen candidate HKGs ( ACTB , B2M , GAPDH , HPRT1 , LDHB , PGK1 , RPL4 , RPL8 , RPL18 , RPS9 , RPS18 , TFRC , YWHAZ ) were tested using RT-qPCR. The stability values of the HKGs were determined by four different algorithms. Comprehensive analysis of the results revealed that RPL4, PGK1 and ACTB are strongly recommended for use in future RT-qPCR studies in beluga blood samples. This research provides recommendation of reference gene selection, which may contribute to further mRNA relative quantification research in the peripheral blood leukocytes in captive cetaceans. The gene expression assessment of the immune components in blood have potential to serve as important approach to evaluating cetacean health influenced by environmental insults.
Royal grant of property (Schenkungsurkunde), KTU 3.2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text or Publication Number Note:] KTU 3.2, KTU2 3.2, KTU3 3.2, CTU 3.2, CAT 3.2 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during excavations at Ras Shamra. ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧
A case study of literacy curricula in a New Brunswick school in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study borrowing ethnographic tools focused on a transnational education program (Pseudonym: Sino-New Brunswick School [SNBS]) in an inner city in Mainland China that used Canadian curriculum from New Brunswick. Its methods consist of a comprehensive analysis of documents that underpinned the intended literacy curricula, interviews with Canadian and Chinese policy-makers who were involved in developing transnational literacy curricula, and teacher interviews and classroom observation to document the particulars and dynamics of the implemented curriculum.
Compensation and Span of Control in Hierarchical Organizations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article presents evidence on the relationship between compensation ratios and spans of control within hierarchical organizations. We find that compensation ratios are lower than span of control at any position within the hierarchy, which is consistent with an elasticity of compensation to a number of subordinates lower than one. Managers' human capital endowments determine a significant part of the salary differences throughout hierarchical levels, as predicted by models of talent allocation in hierarchies. Differences in the size of firms should be attributed more to differences in their number of hierarchical levels than to variations in the span of control.
HDLEC siRNA migration primary screen images

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Images from high content genome-wide siRNA screen of lymphatic endothelial cell migration
File names:
Each folder is named according to the following convention:
(YYMMDD)(initials)(celltype)_(dharmacon plate #)(VCFG library freeze version 'A' or 'C')_(screen plate #)(technical rep 'A' or 'B')_(t00 or t24)
eg. 110131SWLEC_11024A_001A_t00
Each folder contains 96x 16-bit TIF images (ie from one plate) labelled with plate number and 'Well_A01' through to 'Well_H12', followed by the gene targeted by siRNA.
16-bit TIF images require specialised image analysis software to open correctly, such as the freely available ImageJ package.
Plate layout:
For detailed mapping of siRNA layout, please see Pubchem entry AID1159578 which includes migration data for the screen.
A Study on the Relationship Between Timbre Perception Features and Emotion in Musical Sounds

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper mainly studies the relationship between timbre perception features and emotion in musical sounds. Firstly, a five - dimensional emotional space was determined by multidimensional scaling analysis. Then emotional labeling subjective evaluation experiments were carried out for 72 scale materials and 48 melody materials of timbre to obtain emotional data of timbre materials. The correlation between timbre perception features and emotion is studied according to the playing content, temporal characteristics, and musical instrument types. Finally, a set of mathematical models of the relationship between timbre perception features and emotion was established by the method of multiple linear regression. The experimental results show that the features of timbre perception are an important effect on musical emotion, and these models have good predictive ability for the five emotion dimensions.
OS1409 Stress-Focusing Effect based on Generalized Thermoelasticity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When a solid sphere and/or solid cylinder are suddenly subjected to an instantaneous uniform heating all over the cross section, a stress wave occurs at the moment thermal impact is applied. The stress wave proceeds radially inward to the center (focus) of the sphere and/or cylinder. The wave may accumulate at the center and give rise to very large stress magnitudes. This phenomenon is called the stress-focusing effect. This effect also appears for the case that the suddenly uniform heating is applied at the free surface. In this study, the stress focusing effect in an isotropic and homogeneous solid sphere and infinitely long solid cylinder is studied on the basis of Lord-Shulman and Green-Lindsay theories. The combined governing equations of both theories are solved by the numerical inversion of Laplace transform.
Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths from experimental optical data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Calculations are reported of inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for 100–2000 eV electrons in C, Mg, Al, Al 2 O 3 , Cu, Ag, Au, and Bi from experimental optical data. These calculations require knowledge of the momentum‐transfer dependence of the differential scattering cross section; this information was taken from Penn's calculations. The calculated IMFPs agree reasonably with direct calculations and with measured electron attenuation lengths (ALs). Since accurate measurements of ALs are difficult, it is suggested that calculations of the present type are useful if the needed optical data are available. The present approach is also useful for materials (such as the transition and noble metals) for which it is not possible to make a meaningful distinction between valence‐electron and core‐electron excitations as required in current IMFP calculations. The dependence of the calculated IMFPs on electron energy varied with material and was associated with different spectral distributions of the electron energy‐loss function. The trend in the dependence of IMFP on energy was similar to that found in analysis of AL data.
Meteorological factors affecting the risk of transmission of HPAI in Miyazaki, Japan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks engender a severe economic impact on the poultry industry and public health. Migratory waterfowl are considered the natural hosts of HPAI virus, and HPAI viruses are known to be transmitted over long distances during seasonal bird migration. Bird migration is greatly affected by the weather. Many studies have shown the relationship between either autumn or spring bird migration and climate. However, few studies have shown the relationship between annual bird migration and annual weather. This study aimed to establish a model for the number of migratory waterfowl involved in HPAI virus transmission based on meteorological data. From 136 species of waterfowl that were observed at Futatsudate in Miyazaki, Japan, from 2008 to 2016, we selected potential high‐risk species that could introduce the HPAI virus into Miyazaki and defined them as ‘risky birds’. We also performed cluster analysis to select meteorological factors. We then analysed the meteorological data and the total number of risky birds using a generalised linear mixed model. We selected 10 species as risky birds: Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ), Northern pintail ( Anas acuta ), Eurasian wigeon ( Anas penelope ), Eurasian teal ( Anas crecca ), Common pochard ( Aythya ferina ), Eurasian coot ( Fulica atra ), Northern shoveler ( Anas clypeata ), Common shelduck ( Tadorna tadorna ), Tufted duck ( Aythya fuligula ) and Herring gull ( Larus argentatus ). We succeeded in clustering 35 meteorological factors into four clusters and identified three meteorological factors associated with their migration: (1) the average daily maximum temperature; (2) the mean value of global solar radiation and (3) the maximum daily precipitation. We thus demonstrated the relationship between the number of risky birds and meteorological data. The dynamics of migratory waterfowl was relevant to the risk of an HPAI outbreak, and our data could contribute to cost and time savings in strengthening preventive measures against epidemics.
Machine-building enterprise performance and quality improvement tools

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mechanical engineering is the leading sphere in the industrial countries. The engineering enterprises products take the top place in a realization of the scientific and technological progress achievements in the all economy areas. The development of mechanical engineering is impossible without quality management system introduction at enterprises (hereinafter QMS), which aim is to improve technological processes, develop human resources, reduce production costs and improve competitiveness. This paper reviews the influence of quality management system on the technological efficiency of a machine-building enterprise. To effectively use the concept of total quality management (TQM), a model of a quality management system at a machine-building enterprise is proposed in four areas: quality, process, personnel and resource management. Defining the quality management concept of engineering products, current trends in the sphere of engineering enterprise development were classified according to the products life cycle stages. Developing the total quality management concept, machine-building enterprises should form their own quality concept and its continuous improvement, as well as product competitiveness. The product quality improvement concept should include an adaptation of the enterprise system model leading to the concept of total quality management.
Informed self-assessment during the transition to medical school: a longitudinal narrative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To explore how medical students’ narratives of informed self-assessment (ISA) change during their first 18 months of study. Design This longitudinal study used student narratives drawn from qualitative interviews and written reflections during the transition to medical school, to examine changes in ISA. Our analysis was informed by Situated Cognition Theory which recognises the impact and interplay of personal and environmental factors in cognition. Setting To study medicine, first year students need to adapt their self-regulated learning in the context of a new peer group, study demands and educational culture. During this adaptation, students need to seek and interpret available cues to inform their self-assessment. Participants Longitudinal data were collected at five time points over 18 months from a diverse sample of seven first year medical students in an undergraduate medical programme, including 13.5 hours of interviews and 12 written reflections. Results Before and after starting medical school, the participants’ self-assessments were informed by environmental influences (exam results and comparison with peers), and personal influences (fear of failure and anxiety about not belonging). Early uncertainty meant self-assessments were overestimated and underestimated. By the end of first year, an enhanced sense of belonging coincided with less fear of failure, less emphasis on exam performance and reduced competition with peers. Self-assessments became increasingly informed by evidence of clinical skills and knowledge gained related to future professional competence. Conclusion Influences on medical students’ ISAs change during the transition to studying medicine. A greater sense of belonging, and evidence of progress towards clinical competence became more important to self-assessment than comparison with peers and exam performance. Our findings reinforce the importance of formative assessments, opportunities to study and socialise with peers and early clinical experiences during first year. These experiences enhance ISA skills during the transition to medical school.
Identification of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Present in Artisanal Raw Cow Milk Cheese Using Real-time PCR and Classic Plate Count Methods

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this paper was to detect Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophilus using real-time quantitative PCR assay in 7-day ripening cheese produced from unpasteurised milk. Real-time quantitative PCR assays were designed to identify and enumerate the chosen species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in ripened cheese. The results of molecular quantification and classic bacterial enumeration showed a high level of similarity proving that DNA extraction was carried out in a proper way and that genomic DNA solutions were free of PCR inhibitors. These methods revealed the presence of L. delbrueckii and S. thermophilus . The real-time PCR enabled quantification with a detection of 10 1 –10 3 CFU/g of product. qPCR-standard curves were linear over seven log units down to 10 1 copies per reaction; efficiencies ranged from 77.9% to 93.6%. Cheese samples were analysed with plate count method and qPCR in parallel. Compared with the classic plate count method, the newly developed qPCR method provided faster and species specific identification of two dairy LAB and yielded comparable quantitative results.