jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Whipple's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the half century since Whipple first described the disease which continues to bear his name, only 50 or 60 cases have been reported, and the validity of several of these is in question. In recent years there has been renewed interest in Whipple's disease (intestinal lipodystrophy) because of its possible response to steroid therapy. The etiology of this rare disorder is unknown, but the notion that it is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction seems to be gaining favor. Many authors have pointed out salient clinical and laboratory features that may permit an antemortem diagnosis. The following case is presented because most of the typical clinical and pathological features were seen.

Report of Case

A 65-year-old white man, a retired coal miner, came to the State University of Iowa Hospitals on Aug. 11, 1955. His main complaint was that he had had a severe, watery diarrhea for about a year.
Contrastive Stripping Construction in English and Korean

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 영어와 한국어의 대조 스트리핑 구문(Contrastive Stripping Construction: CSC)에 대한 독특한 특성을 비교하여 설명하는 것이다. 대조 스트리핑 구문의 대조적 의미(contrastive meaning)를 전달하는데 핵심적인 역할을 하는 요소가 무엇인가를 논의하는 것이 본 논문의 핵심이다. 영어와 한국어의 대조 스트리핑 구문은 각각 (but/and) (not) NP 그리고 (그러나/그리고) NP[-은/는] 아니-와 같이 불완전 문장으로 구성되어 있으나, 완전한 대조적 명제 의미를 전달한다. 이러한 형태 · 의미의 불일치를 설명하기 위해 두 언어의 대조 스트리핑 구문에 대한 통사 및 의미 · 화용적 특성들을 비교 분석하였다. 본 논문은 해당 구문의 언어학적 특성을 바탕으로 영어와 한국어의 대조 스트리핑 구문 문법 분석을 제시하면서, 영어와 한국어의 대조 스트리핑 구문이 외견적 차이에도 불구하고 공통적으로 대조 해석을 어떻게 도출하는지를 보여준다.
Development and Evaluation of High Strength Ni-base Single Crystal Superalloy,TMS-82+

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A new single crystal 9‘ SC9’superalloy with a moderate Re addition (2.4wt%),TMS-82+, has been developed. TMS-82+ shows a higher creep rupture strength than the second and even the third generation single crystal superalloys. The composition of the alloy was designed to have a large negative lattice misfit with a computer aided alloy design program which was developed in National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS-ADP) . TMS-82+ had a stress rupture temperature advantage over 30�` in comparison with the second generation SC superalloys on 137MPa/10 5 hours. The large negative lattice misfit enhances formation of continuous J' platelets which is called raft structure and fine interfacial dislocation networks during the creep tests, which are considered to disturb the movement of dislocations and increase creep strength. The other properties such as high temperature tensile strength, low cycle fatigue and oxidation resistance are equivalent to those of second generation SC superalloys. As a result of rainbow rotor test, there are no damage such as erosion, oxidation, creep and fatigue in TMS-82+ blade.
FREE PARKING FOR ALL IN SHOPPING MALLS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We show why a mall provides parking for free and embed the parking costs in the prices of the goods. Essentially, charging a parking fee to risk-averse customers means penalizing them for not finding their desired good. This result holds whether the mall has monopoly power or prices competitively, if there is parking validation, and if there is a trade-off between shopping and parking spaces. It is also the attainable social optimum. The equilibrium lot size is too small, yielding a rationale for minimum parking requirements. However, parking fees may be positive and lots may be too large in urban malls. © (2014) by the Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
La comunicación efectiva: un factor crítico del éxito en el trabajo en equipo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the work was to verify the empirical performance of effective communicationas a critical factor in the success of academic work teams. This aim startsfrom the hypothesis that in the case of maximizing certain elements, it will allow toachieve a positive synergy, increasing their productivity and efficiency.The design of the research involved a review of the bibliography and a field work thatallowed contrasting theory with reference to the observed facts.As main conclusion, it could be observed that effective communication (composedof linguistic and paralinguistic factors, empathetic listening, and cooperation) is acritical factor to success and, therefore, if theoretical information is applied, it willgreatly contribute to the efficient functioning of the groups, achieving the much sought-after positive synergy.
Extensions of Royal Road Functions for Use in SELEX in silico

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The field of Genetic Algorithms (GA) in modern computer sciences has increasingly become a source of algorithms and methods for the computational systems biology. In this report we extend the definition of the Royal Road functions (specifically, their Royal Staircase version), used in GA, to BioRS functions, purposively devised to be applied in the computational biology. This approach is motivated by the necessity of taking into account the modular structure of biological macromolecules that has clear analogies with the theory of building blocks (BB) in GA. We demonstrate computationally how the BioRS functions can be applied to test the efficiency of different GA approaches with the BB preservation, using a multi-modular RNA-device as a test object. Particularly, we have shown that a simple version of the Hill Climbing algorithm (with random mutagenesis), RMHC, is extremely efficient. The impressively high efficiency of the RMHC algorithm in numerical experiments makes the question of its implementation in synthetic biology quite relevant. Our results can serve as a promising basis for the search for new effective techniques of the directed evolution in biology.
The Fleas (Siphonaptera) of Alberta, with a List of the Known Vectors of Sylvatic Plague

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Sylvatic plague, the type of bubonic plague that occurs in rural areas, has been demonstrated to be present in Central Alberta. It mainly affects rodents but can be readily transmitted to man, to whom it is usually fatal. The Alberta Sylvatic Plague Survey, organized in the spring of 1938 under the auspices of the Alberta Department of Public Health, has been shooting and trapping small rodents in Alberta, and examining them for the presence of plague lesions; the fleas present on these rodents have also been collected, and examined for the possible presence of plague.
Data_Sheet_1_Metabolic Impairment in Coronary Artery Disease: Elevated Serum Acylcarnitines Under the Spotlights.docx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Expanding patients' metabolic phenotyping beyond clinical chemistry investigations could lead to earlier recognition of disease onset and better prevention strategies. Additionally, metabolic phenotyping, at the molecular species level, contributes to unravel the roles of metabolites in disease development. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated clinically healthy individuals (n = 116, 65% male, 70.8 ± 8.7 years) and patients with CAD (n = 54, 91% male, 67.0 ± 11.5 years) of the COmPLETE study. We applied a high-coverage quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach to acquire a comprehensive profile of serum acylcarnitines, free carnitine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as markers of mitochondrial health and energy homeostasis. Multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for confounders, were conducted to assess associations between metabolites and CAD phenotype. In total, 20 short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitine species, along with L-carnitine, valine and isoleucine were found to be significantly (adjusted p ≤ 0.05) and positively associated with CAD. For 17 acylcarnitine species, associations became stronger as the number of affected coronary arteries increased. This implies that circulating acylcarnitine levels reflect CAD severity and might play a role in future patients' stratification strategies. Altogether, CAD is characterized by elevated serum acylcarnitine and BCAA levels, which indicates mitochondrial imbalance between fatty acid and glucose oxidation.</p>
From Equity to Efficiency: Access to higher education in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In South Africa, the focus of the democratic government elected in 1994 has shifted from the need to achieve equity in relation to access to higher education to the need to achieve greater efficiency in terms of the way the tertiary system functions as a whole. One result of this shift is that debates about what it means to provide'epistemological access' in terms of curricula and teaching methodologies have been sidelined in favour of the need to develop curricula which will allow students to become members of a global workforce. This article examines issues related to access not only in terms of the theoretical debate just outlined but also in terms of the way financial and other constraints impact on the higher education system itself.
Variational Knowledge Distillation for Disease Classification in Chest X-Rays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Disease classification relying solely on imaging data attracts great interest in medical image analysis. Current models could be further improved, however, by also employing Electronic Health Records (EHRs), which contain rich information on patients and findings from clinicians. It is challenging to incorporate this information into disease classification due to the high reliance on clinician input in EHRs, limiting the possibility for automated diagnosis. In this paper, we propose \textit{variational knowledge distillation} (VKD), which is a new probabilistic inference framework for disease classification based on X-rays that leverages knowledge from EHRs. Specifically, we introduce a conditional latent variable model, where we infer the latent representation of the X-ray image with the variational posterior conditioning on the associated EHR text. By doing so, the model acquires the ability to extract the visual features relevant to the disease during learning and can therefore perform more accurate classification for unseen patients at inference based solely on their X-ray scans. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on three public benchmark datasets with paired X-ray images and EHRs. The results show that the proposed variational knowledge distillation can consistently improve the performance of medical image classification and significantly surpasses current methods.
Three essays on the role of expectations in business cycles

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Cette these etudie le role des anticipations dans les cycles economiques en analysant trois types d’anticipations differentes. Dans un premier temps, je me concentre sur une explication theorique des cycles economiques generee par des changements d'anticipations qui se revelent auto-realisatrices. Ce chapitre contribue a ameliorer un puzzle provenant de la litterature sunspot, soutenant ainsi une interpretation des cycles economiques basee sur les propheties auto-realisatrices. Dans un deuxieme temps, j’analyse empiriquement comment les annonces de la banque centrale se propagent a l’economie via la modification des croyances des acteurs du marche. Ce chapitre montre que des annonces credibles sur les futures politiques monetaires non conventionnelles peuvent etre utilisees comme un instrument de coordination des anticipations dans un contexte de crise de la dette souveraine. Dans un troisieme temps, je m'interesse a un concept plus large d'anticipations et etudie le pouvoir predictif du climat politique sur la tarification du risque souverain. Ce chapitre montre que le climat politique apporte un pouvoir predictif supplementaire aux spreads des obligations d'Etat, au-dela des determinants traditionnels. Differentes methodologies sont utilisees dans cette these, notamment des analyses theoriques et empiriques, du web scraping ainsi que des methodes d'apprentissage automatique et d'analyse textuelle. Par ailleurs, j’exploite dans cette these des donnees innovantes provenant du reseau social Twitter. Tous mes resultats transmettent le meme message : les anticipations comptent, tant pour la recherche en economie que pour l'elaboration de politiques economiques.
Comparison of Performance in a Bioelectrochemical System for Simultaneous Denitrification and Vanadate (V) Removal Using Hydrogen as the Sole Electron Donor

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An auto-hydrogenotrophic bioelectrochemical system (BES) was set up to investigate the performance of removing nitrate (NO3−–N) and vanadate (V(V)) simultaneously. In this BES, hydrogen is produced during electrolytic reactions and the microorganisms on cathode biofilm can use it as the electron donor to reduce NO3−–N and V(V). This experiment confirmed that the removal efficiency of nitrate and vanadate could be improved by increasing the electric current and extending the hydraulic retention time (HRT) appropriately. The optimal electric current for the reactor was 200 mA with the optimum denitrification efficiency of 94.12%, vanadate removal efficiency of 77.55%. The optimal HRT was 12 h with the optimum denitrification efficiency of 94.40% and vanadate removal efficiency of 86.71%. However, by increasing the influent concentration of V(V), the removal efficiency of NO3−–N and V(V) were both reduced. These findings may help to reveal the biogeochemical fate of V(V) and nitrate in aquifers and develop technology that can simultaneously remove them from groundwater.
Do self‐reported arthritis symptom (RADAR) and health status (AIMS2) data provide duplicative or complementary information?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study assessed whether self‐report measures of symptoms and functional health status provide unique outcome information, or whether functional status assessments primarily serve as a proxy for self‐reported arthritis symptoms. Symptom scores of 138 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) collected with the Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology (RADAR) measure were compared with same‐day functional health scores collected with the recently revised Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2). Correlational and factor analyses revealed that self‐assessed arthritis symptoms, physical function and work impact, psychological status, and social health each made independent contributions to outcome. Satisfaction with health status was shown not to be independent of symptoms, functional capacity, or psychological status. It is important to document that self‐reported symptom and health status information, when collected concurrently, provides complementary rather than duplicative information.
Potential for recovery in nodular gill disease of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Nodular gill disease characterized by severe multifocal epithelial hyperplasia was diagnosed in a group of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, fingerlings. Gills of a large proportion of fish transferred from the affected tank to smaller aquaria showed a marked decrease in severity of the lesions after 2 months. Repair of hyperplastic lesions may occur in various forms of proliferative gill disease, provided that the basement membrane lining the primary and secondary disease, provided that the basement membrane lining the filaments and lamellae remains intact.
In vitro antiproliferative activity of glabridin derivatives and their in silico target identification

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Novel Mannich base derivatives of glabridin were synthesized and their antiproliferative activity were performed along with our previously reported glabridin-chalcone hybrids molecules (GCHMs) against various human cell lines MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma), HEK-293 (embryonic kidney cell line), K562 (leukemia), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and WRL-68 (hepatic carcinoma). The result showed that the glabridin significantly reduced cell proliferation with IC50 ranges from 3.67 to 58.30 µM against all the tested cell lines. The remarkable reduction in antiproliferative activity 2’,4’-dimethoxyglabridin and GCHMs compounds with phenolic OH groups protected by methoxy (OCH3) groups suggested that the free OH groups are essential factor for the antiproliferative activity of glabridin and its derivatives. The Mannich base derivatives of glabridin showed moderate activity IC50 (2.20–>95.78 µM). Furthermore, in silico target identification analysis revealed that AKT1, DECR1 and NOS1 are the potential targets for glabridin and their derivatives.
Eleusine coracana SGB11684

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Eleusine coracana
Conserved by: SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SRGB), Zambia
Local sample unique identifier: SGB11684
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2006-09-01
Other identifiers: n/a,SGB060911684
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
Country-specific recommendations for economic policies under the 2018 European Semester

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Within the EU governance framework for the coordination of economic policies, the country-specific recommendations (CSRs) represent an integral part of the annual European Semester process. They provide guidance to individual EU Member States on how to address structural reform needs and macroeconomic imbalances in the following 12-18 months. CSRs are the instrument through which EU national economic policies are treated as a matter of common concern and coordinated within the Council of the European Union in accordance with Article 121 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. They therefore constitute a cornerstone of the EU's macroeconomic imbalance procedure (MIP), whose aim is to prevent, detect and correct macroeconomic imbalances in individual countries, thereby containing risks to the smooth functioning of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Their timely and proper implementation is critical to reducing vulnerabilities and strengthening the economic resilience of the euro area and the EU as a whole, ultimately leading to higher growth potential in the long term. Against the background of the 2018 CSRs received by 27 EU Member States (i.e. all excluding Greece ), this box examines the policy recommendations addressed to 18 euro area countries, with the exception of those that pertain strictly to the implementation of the EU's Stability and Growth Pact. JEL Classification: E60, F42
The Effect of Vocabulary Intervention on Text Comprehension: Who Benefits?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose Vocabulary intervention can improve comprehension of texts containing taught words, but it is unclear if all middle school readers get this benefit. This study tests 2 hypotheses about variables that predict response to vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: gains in vocabulary knowledge due to treatment and pretreatment reading comprehension scores. Method Students in Grade 6 ( N = 23) completed a 5-session intervention based on robust vocabulary instruction (RVI). Knowledge of the semantics of taught words was measured pre- and posttreatment. Participants then read 2 matched texts, 1 containing taught words (treated) and 1 not (untreated). Treated texts and taught word lists were counterbalanced across participants. The difference between text comprehension scores in treated and untreated conditions was taken as a measure of the effect of RVI on text comprehension. Results RVI resulted in significant gains in knowledge of taught words ( d RM = 2.26) and text comprehension ( d RM = 0.31). The extent of gains in vocabulary knowledge after vocabulary treatment did not predict the effect of RVI on comprehension of texts. However, untreated reading comprehension scores moderated the effect of the vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: Lower reading comprehension was associated with greater gains in text comprehension. Readers with comprehension scores below the mean experienced large gains in comprehension, but those with average/above average reading comprehension scores did not. Conclusion Vocabulary instruction had a larger effect on text comprehension for readers in Grade 6 who had lower untreated reading comprehension scores. In contrast, the amount that children learned about taught vocabulary did not predict the effect of vocabulary instruction on text comprehension. This has implications for the identification of 6th-grade students who would benefit from classroom instruction or clinical intervention targeting vocabulary knowledge.
Development of iOS/Android apps for scientific computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile applications relating to numerical computations have not been studied or developed extensively due to the nature and complexity of the topic. Applications like these usually require the use of numerical libraries to simplify the implementation process of complex mathematical computations. As there are many libraries available for use, the performance of the libraries will be experimented to allow programmers have an idea of which library is more efficient to use for real life applications such as generating 3D computer graphics, economic calculations or encrypting messages. In this report, a mobile application on scientific computations including matrix and graphing functions will be developed and a speed test will be conducted for the matrix libraries. This report will also present the implementation process of the proposed functions using a few different libraries, and an evaluation of each library’s performance will be discussed.
The Effect of Work Engagement and Mindfulness on Organizational Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of work engagement and mindfulness on positive organizational behavior. A total of 203 participants, 73 females (36.0%) and 130 males (64.0%) working in different positions and levels in the Ministry of Youth and Sports in September 2020 participated in the study voluntarily. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Mindfulness Scale, Positive Organizational Behavior Scale were used in the study. In the analysis of the data; Skewness and Kurtosis, multiple linear regression analysis, Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and descriptive statistics were used. The work engagement, mindfulness levels of the participants were high and their positive organizational behavior levels were at the acceptable level. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between all the scales and their sub-dimensions. In addition, it was concluded that 37% of optimism, 21% of psychological resilience, 34% of hope and 47% of self-efficacy were explained by vigor, absorption, concentration and mindfulness.