jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring During Esophagectomy and Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Patients who undergo surgery to the esophagus and lungs are in jeopardy of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage during the procedure. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of intraoperative monitoring of the RLN for single‐lung ventilation esophagus and lung surgery. Methods Twelve consecutive patients booked for esophagus or lung surgery were included in this prospective, observational study. Six patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction or lower esophagus, five had a lobectomy, and one underwent a pneumonectomy for lung carcinoma. Intraoperative, noninvasive RLN identification and monitoring was performed unilaterally ( n = 8) or bilaterally ( n = 4) using a handheld stimulator and a laryngeal surface electrode. The correct functioning of the nerve monitoring system was tested directly at the vagus nerve. Diagnosis of postoperative RLN paralysis was performed using indirect laryngoscopy. Results During the surgical procedures, we monitored a nerve signal in all 12 patients. In one patient with lower esophagus carcinoma, a nerve signal could be detected only on one side. Postoperative indirect laryngoscopy showed normal vocal cord movement in all patients. Conclusions Intraoperative RLN identification and monitoring during single‐lung ventilation surgery is technically feasible, easy, and reliable. The introduction of standardized RLN monitoring during this type of surgery may reduce the incidence of permanent RLN paralysis.
Exploring the potential for language supportive learning in English medium instruction: a Rwandan case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article puts forward the argument for language supportive learning for learners in English medium instruction (EMI) classrooms based on the findings from a mixed methods study in Rwanda. The article first reviews the relevant literature and research which looks at the concept of language support, focusing on textbooks and pedagogy in sub-Saharan African EMI countries. The scant literature which exists suggests that current teaching practice and textbook design are not targeted for learners learning in a second language which frequently results in the global language acting as a major barrier to effective learning across the curriculum. The potential of ‘language supportive textbooks and pedagogy’ for addressing such a barrier is then considered through an analysis of a recent intervention in Primary 4 Rwandan classrooms. Findings suggest that language supportive learning can lead to significant improvements in learner outcomes and more effective engagement with subjects across the curriculum. Conclusions consider implications for bilingual education policies in Rwanda and further afield.
Relationships of Job Satisfaction and Caring Behaviors among Nurses Working in Inpatient Wards in Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nurse job satisfaction must be adequately managed to improve working performance, particularly in applying caring behavior in nursing services. Caring behavior is an essential and fundamental component of the nursing profession. It can affect the quality of health services by increasing patient satisfaction, patient recovery processes, and hospital revenue. This study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and caring behavior among hospital nurses in Banda Aceh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a public hospital for two weeks in December 2022 and involved 173 nurses selected using the total sampling technique. The Caring Behavior Inventory-24 (CBI-24) questionnaire and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) were used to collect data. The Chi-square test showed a relationship between job satisfaction and nurses’ caring behavior (p=0.001). It can be concluded that job satisfaction influences nurses’ caring behavior, which impacts improving health care quality.
Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in Low Endemic Areas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharziasis is caused by snail transmitted parasites of the genus schistosoma that inhabit the human vasculature.(1,2) It is among the most important parasitic diseases worldwide, with a significant socio economic impact(3). More than 200 million people are infected, and about 200,000 may die from the disease each year. On a global scale, one of thirty individuals has schistosomiasis(4). About 779 million people live in endemic areas in the Middle East, South America, Caribbean, Southeast Asia and particularly sub-Saharan Africa(4). Extreme poverty, the unawareness of the risks, the inadequacy or total lack of public health facilities plus the unsanitary conditions in which millions of people lead their daily lives are all factors contributing to the risk of infection(5). During the past 20 years, much progress in combating the disease has been achieved based on World Health Organization recommendation strategies. Recent years have seen a notable decrease in the prevalence and morbidity of the disease in many endemic countries(6,7). Many countries of the EMR ( Eastern Mediterranean Region) namely Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Oman and Saudi Arabia have now reached low schistosomiasis endemicity. For instance, the overall prevalence of schistosomiasis in Egypt, was about 40% in (1967) before the national control program started by WHO (EMRO). In 2006, due to different control measures, the overall prevalence fell down to <3%. However there are still hot spot transmission foci with prevalence rate about 10%. Therefore lack of well structured prevention, control and elimination programs could lead to emergence or resurgence of the controlled disease. Schistosomiasis has been eliminated in Iran, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia, no new cases were detected over the past few years. Furthermore, WHO adopted a resolution calling on countries in low transmission areas, to sustain successful control activities in order to eliminate schistosomiasis(8) . In these conditions, where elimination of schistosomiasis is aimed for, case detection may pose a problem because the commonly used methods for the assessment of infection may lack necessary sensitivity to accurately determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis or of parasite burden(9,10). WHO(2001,2006)(11,12) asked for sensitive assays for active surveillance, specially in situations with no or very low transmission. Notwithstanding the large number of tests for diagnosing schistosomiasis, few have withstood tests of effectiveness, reproducibility, cross reactivity and predictive values (Rabello et al. 2002)(13). The diagnostic strategies traditionally rely on the detection of parasite eggs in stool (S. mansoni, S.japonicum) or urine (S. haematobium) , antibody and
Insulin stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The specialized plasma membrane structures termed caveolae and the caveolar-coat protein caveolin are highly expressed in insulin- sensitive cells such as adipocytes and muscle. Stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin significantly increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin and a 29-kD caveolin-associated protein in caveolin-enriched Triton-insoluble complexes. Maximal phosphorylation occurred within 5 min, and the levels of phosphorylation remained elevated for at least 30 min. The insulin-dose responses for the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin and the 29-kD caveolin-associated protein paralleled those for the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. The stimulation of caveolin tyrosine phosphorylation was specific for insulin and was not observed with PDGF or EGF, although PDGF stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 29-kD caveolin- associated protein. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin, its associated 29-kD protein, and a 60-kD protein was observed in an in vitro kinase assay after incubation of the caveolin-enriched Triton- insoluble complexes with Mg-ATP, suggesting the presence of an intrinsic tyrosine kinase in these complexes. These fractions contain only trace amounts of the activated insulin receptor. In addition, these complexes contain a 60-kD kinase detected in an in situ gel kinase assay and an approximately 60 kD protein that cross-reacts with an antibody against the Src-family kinase p59Fyn. Thus, the insulin- dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin represents a novel, insulin-specific signal transduction pathway that may involve activation of a tyrosine kinase downstream of the insulin receptor.
A study on human response to aircraft vibrations in-flight

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An attempt is made to link the subjective evaluation of vibrations with objective measurements in the laboratory and in-flight. For the purpose of this study high levels of vibrations were intentionally introduced in the aircraft. It is found that the vibrations in the controlled environment are easily discerned whereas in the more complex environments such as prevailing in an aircraft, the results seem to be affected by other environmental parameters. One of the most important aspects of aircraft interior environment is ride comfort. Ride comfort can span from the quality of aircraft seats to the integrated subjective appraisal of the quality of the flight. A major program in interior sound and vibration quality is being carried out at Saab AB in collaboration with Chalmers University of Technol-ogy. The overall objective of the project is to model aircraft cabin comfort by linking the subjective evaluations with objective measurements. This paper describes some results from the subjective testing of quality of vibrations during flight as well as in the laboratory. An attempt is made to correlate the human response to vibrations measured in the laboratory and in-flight.
Exploration of Anti-hypoxia Mechanism of the Liposoluble Substance in the Mscle from Plateau Zokor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To explore the anti-hypoxic mechanism of the fat-soluble component, the mice were divided randomly into 1% FSC experimental group, 5%FSC experimental group, 10%FSC experimental group,and 0.5%CLA positive control group. The experimental groups fed respectively with FSC at the concentration of 1%, 5% and 10%, each animal receiving a content daily dose of 20 mL/kg body weight for ten days consecutively, and then the survival time of the mice under hypoxic condition and the contents of Mb in heart and skeleton muscle were determined.The results showed that the survival time of the miceand the contents of Mb in heart and skeleton muscle increased markedly(P0.05)at the concentration of 10% compared with control group .
Peer Review #2 of "Assessment of locomotive syndrome among older individuals: a confirmatory factor analysis of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (v0.1)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background.The 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) is widely used in daily clinical practice in evaluating locomotive syndrome (LS).The questionnaire contains 25 questions aiming to describe 6 aspects, including body pain, movement-related difficulty, usual care, social activities, cognitive status, and daily activities.However, its potential underlying latent factor structure of the questionnaire has not been fully examined so far.Methods.Five hundred participants who were 60 years or older and were able to walk independently with or without a cane but had complaints of musculoskeletal disorders were recruited face to face at the out-patient ward of Aichi Medical University Hospital between April 2018 and June 2019.All participants completed the GLFS-25.Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models (single-factor model, 6-factor model as designed by the developers of the GLFS-25) were fitted and compared using Mplus 8.3 with a maximum likelihood minimization function.Modification indices, standardized expected parameter change were used, a standard strategy for scale development was followed in the search for an alternative and simpler model that could well fit the collected data.Cronbach's α and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were also calculated.Results.Mean (standard deviation) participants age was 72.6 (7.4) years old; 63.6% of them were women.Under the current criteria, 132 (26.4%) and 262 (52.4%) of the study subjects would be classified as LS stage 1 and stage 2, respectively.Overall, the Cronbach's α for GLFS-25 evaluated using these data was 0.959 (95%CI: 0.953, 0.964).The single-and 6-factor models were rejected due to poor fit.The alternative models with either full 25 questions or a shortened GLFS-16 were found to fit the data better.These alternative models included three latent factors (body pain, movement-related difficulty, and psycho-social complication) and allowed for cross-loading and residual correlations.Discussion.The findings of the CFA models provided evidence that the factor structure of the GLFS-25 might be simpler than the 6-factor model as suggested by the designers.The complex relationships between the latent factors and the observed items may also indicate that individual sub-scale use or simply combining the raw scores for evaluation is likely to be inadequate or unsatisfactory.Thus, future revisions of the scoring algorithm or questions of the GLFS-25 may be required.
Bacteria Associated With Nosocomial Infection And Their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern IN Paediatric Patients in A Tertiary Health Institution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper sets to determine the Pathogens associated with nosocomial bacterial infections in children at a large teaching hospital and assess their antibiotic-resistance patterns. A total of 4,981 paediatric patients on admission in various paediatric wards at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) from 1994-1995 were prospectively studied from admission until discharge using CDC criteria, Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out by a disc diffusion technique. The incidence of noscomial bacterial septicemia was 5.2% overall, 14,9% for ou-born babies, 4.7% inborn babies, 2.3% in the surgical wards and 1.9% in the general paediatric wards. Klebsiella pneumoniae (31%), Burkholderia cepacia(13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (75) and coagulase-negative staphylococcei and enteroccoci, while they were also highly susceptible to Amoxycillen-clavulanic acid and Ampicilin-sulbactum but resistant to Erythromycin and chloramphenical. Cefoxitin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were active on most gram-negative bacteria. All the isolates were resistant to gentamicin and cotrimoxazole. There is a need for a review of prevailing sepsis control measures at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance in blood pathogens. Key Words: Noscomial, Antibiotic resistance, Paediatrics [J. of Med. & Medical Sci. Vol.1(1) 1999: 6-13]
Experimenter Effect in the Study of Invertebrate Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychologists have shown increasing interest in the behavior of organisms other than man and rat, a development welcomed on theoretical grounds (Beach, 1960). Particular interest has been shown in the study of the behavior and behavior modification of rhe planarian, an invertebrate placed low on the phylogenetic scale. A number of highly relevant, but frequently uncontrolled, variables apparently have contributed to the differences observed in the behavior of planaria by various investigators. For example, Halas, James, and Stone (1961) found light, which has been regarded as a neutral stimulus for planaria, to serve as a weak unconditioned stimulus. Differential responsivity to electrical polarity was shown to be another relevant, but generally uncontrolled, variable by Halas, Mulry, and DeBoer.' The purpose of the present srudy was to determine the extent to which E himself might be a relevant but uncontrolled variable affecting research on the behavior of planaria. Recent smdies have shown E to be a highly relevant variable in determining the results of research employing human or rat Ss (Rosenchal, 1961 ). The specific questions to which the present study addressed itself were: (1) Do differenc Es obtain significantly different behavior from their invercebrate Ss, and (2) Do differenc Es obtain significantly different degrees of behavioral modification from their invertebrate Ss? METHOD
Incidence of the black goo fungus <i>Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum</i> in declining grapevines in New Zealand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Infection of grapevines by Phaeoacremonium species, thought to cause young vine decline, is currently causing concern to grape growers worldwide.Symptoms of the disease include chlorotic, sparse and stunted leaves, late bud-burst, uneven growth and undersized trunks, which show internal discolourations and frequently exude shiny, black, tarry substances ('black goo').This study investigated prevalence of the disease within commercial vineyards in selected grape-growing areas.Grape growers, largely from Marlborough but also from Nelson, Canterbury and Gisborne, contributed vines with decline symptoms for further observation and isolation.Characteristic internal staining of vine trunks was found, usually below the graft union, in 84% of the 70 vine samples.Isolations onto selective agar found Phaeoacremonium spp., most commonly P. chlamydosporum, in 54% of vines and in 20 of the 27 vineyards sampled.Incidence may have been higher but 26% of wood specimens also contained other, fast-growing fungi which overgrew the wood tissues, interfering with attempts to isolate the slowgrowing Phaeoacremonium spp.Isolations from roots of the 33 most severely infected vines found 14 to be also infected with Cylindrocarpon destructans, which causes a root rot called 'black foot'.Further studies are needed into young vine decline and into the epidemiology and control of P. chlamydosporum.
sj-jpg-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948241245770 – Supplemental material for Associations between food intake and psychosomatic symptoms in 16-year-old adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-jpg-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948241245770 for Associations between food intake and psychosomatic symptoms in 16-year-old adolescents by Maria Norburg Tell, Katarina Hedin, Mats Nilsson, Marie Golsäter and Hans Lingfors in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
[Acquired--accepted--adopted? On the status of neonatology in West Germany].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The worldwide reduction in infant mortality and low birthweight lethality has also been observed in the Federal Republic of Germany during the past two decades. In many countries, neonatology has emerged as a scientifically active subspecialty of pediatrics. Its main characteristic is an understanding of partially mature function and perinatal adaptation. In West Germany, however, education programs for neonatologists have not been inaugurated and neonatology has been identified with pediatric intensive care. Sophisticated neonatal transport systems, expensive special care units, and highly aggressive therapeutic approaches have resulted. Neither perinatal centers for high-risk deliveries nor regionalization programs for intrauterine transport to the neonatal special care unit have been created. Neonatology may drift towards obstetrics if established pediatrics continues to ignore educational, organizational and manpower needs of neonatal care.
Highly Active Raney-Nickel Electrodes Based on 3D Pin Structures for Use in High Temperature Alkaline Electrolysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The efficiency of alkaline electrolysers can be improved in a multitude of ways from overall system design to optimal operation conditions. One possibility is to increase the operating temperature which usually is 80 °C for industrial electrolysers. Increasing the temperature is a straightforward way to increase system efficiency significantly but leads to escalating corrosion problems due to the high concentration of KOH and the presence of oxygen (dissolved and gas phase) in the anolyte. In this work we have developed highly active electrodes for the use at 120 °C. The electrodes are based on engineered 3D pin structures that were coated with Raney-Nickel. Since the interplay between electrode structure and catalyst layer are crucial for electrode performance in alkaline electrolysis a selection of nickel pin structures based on nickel mesh with differences in pillar as well as hole shape and size were investigated to find a optimal configuration. The aluminum for the formation of leachable NiAl-phases was applied by rolling Aluminum foil of varying thickness onto the pin structures. A following heat treatment and leaching resulted in a layer of Raney-Nickel on the substrates. The general performance at standard operating conditions was investigated as well as the behavior at 120 °C in 40 wt% KOH. The obtained electrodes showed excellent performance at a current density of 500 mA/cm² with overvoltages below 110 mV as cathodes and below 300 mV as anodes. During these tests and an additional testing campaign, the corrosion resistance of the Ni substrate and specially developed alloys under anodic conditions were evaluated. Figure 1