jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drivers of cultural participation of immigrants: evidence from an Italian survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to explore the drivers of immigrants’ participation to cultural and leisure activities in host countries. First, we discuss how the main analytical approaches on cultural participation can be extended to incorporate factors specific to migrants’ characteristics and behaviour, namely dimensions of proximity to the native population’s culture and the level of integration in the host society. Secondly, we investigate migrants’ propensity for consumption of cultural and leisure activities using data of a special national survey on Income and Living conditions (2011-2012) on foreign households in Italy. Italy represents an interesting case because it is a recent immigration country, making the analysis particularly suitable for studying the behaviour of first-generation immigrants. Our findings suggest that language proficiency, duration of stay and intention to remain in the host country significantly increase the probability to access various types of leisure and cultural activities. Interestingly, after controlling for standard individual predictors, several dimensions of an immigrant’s cultural background and proximity with the culture of the host society still significantly explain variation in cultural participation rates, confirming that cultural differences play a role in migrants’ cultural consumption choice.
Voltage- frequency controller for stand alone WECS employing permanent magnet synchronous generator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a battery energy storage system (BESS) based voltage and frequency (VF) controller based on isolated three-leg VSC with a zig-zag transformer is proposed for stand alone power generation using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). An isolated distributed generation (DG) system is realised using fixed pitch wind turbine. The proposed stand alone wind energy conversion system (WECS) consists of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by a wind turbine. The zig-zag transformer is used for isolation of the VF controller from the system and it provides path for the neutral current of the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The VF controller consists of IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) based voltage source converter (VSC) with a battery energy storage system (BESS) at its dc link. The VF controller injects/ absorbs both active and reactive powers and also acts as a harmonic compensator and a load balancer. The proposed WECS along with its controller is modelled and its behavior is simulated using MATLAB with its simulink and power system blockset (PSB) tool boxes.
How We Might View Artists as Businesspeople

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay suggests the roles artists and individuals in art-related businesses played as agents and actors in a capitalist society during the early national and antebellum period in America. Many artists and those in allied fields met and created demand for established and novel products, which depended, in part, on the introduction and timing of new methods and materials, and corresponding capital expenditures. Experimentation and innovation, calculated risks, and calamities were all familiar to those who created, produced, and circulated art. They also relied on ever-changing transportation and distribution networks for materials, supplies, and delivery of finished products. Although the fields of business and economic history can provide some models, art historians, too, have much to add to discussions of capitalism.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Coordination of Electric Loads in Smart Homes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Demand-response programs offer a viable solution for improving the grid efficiency and reliability though the shaping of the consumer’s power demand. For the customers to fully benefit from varying electricity prices, an energy management strategy that coordinates the electrical loads is required. In this framework, this paper uses a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy to solve the coupled problem of optimally scheduling home appliances, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system and controlling electric vehicle charging. Simulation results are presented on selected case studies to demonstrate the ability of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to solve the optimization problem for a single home faster than real-time. Results show that this strategy is always able to provide near-optimal solutions with limited computation time and no reconfiguration of the control scheme for applications to houses equipped with different technologies.
SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Increases Skeletal Muscle and Brain Fatty Acid Uptake in People With Type 2 Diabetes - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Positron Emission Tomography Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p dir="ltr">Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on tissue fatty acid (FA) uptake in skeletal muscle, the brain, small intestine, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes by using positron emission tomography (PET).</p><p dir="ltr">Research Design and Methods: In a 6-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 53 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin received either dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo daily. Tissue FA uptake was quantified at baseline and at end-of-treatment with PET and the long-chain fatty acid analogue radiotracer 14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ([18F]FTHA). Treatment effects were assessed using ANCOVA, and the results are reported as least square means and 95 % CIs for the difference between groups. </p><p dir="ltr">Results: 38 patients (dapagliflozin N=21, placebo N=17) completed the study. After 6 weeks, skeletal muscle FA uptake was increased by dapagliflozin vs placebo (1.0 [0.07, 2.0] µmol.100 g-1.min-1, P=.032), whereas the uptake was not significantly changed in the small intestine, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Dapagliflozin treatment significantly increased whole-brain FA uptake (0.10 [0.02, 0.17] µmol.100 g-1.min-1, P=.01), an effect observed in both gray and white matter regions.</p><p dir="ltr">Conclusions: Six weeks of treatment with dapagliflozin increases skeletal muscle and brain fatty acid uptake, partly driven by a rise in FFA availability. This finding is in accordance with previous indirect measurements showing enhanced fatty acid metabolism in response to SGLT2 inhibition, and extends the notion of a shift towards increased fatty acid utilization to muscle and brain.</p>
Design of an individualised questionnaire to measure the impact of cancer on quality of life: The cancer dependent quality of life (CancerDQoL) questionnaire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To design an individualised questionnaire to measure the impact of cancer and its treatments on quality of life (QoL). Materials & Methods Design of the Cancer‐Dependent Quality of Life (CancerDQoL) questionnaire was based on the Audit of Diabetes Dependent QoL (ADDQoL) questionnaire and related –DQoLs for other conditions. Item selection, face validity and content validity were established through clinician and patient ratings of the importance and relevance of 60 domains from the –DQoL Item Library, and semi‐structured interviews with 25 English‐speaking participants with a range of cancers attending a cancer centre in Zimbabwe (age range: 25‐78 years; 16 women, 9 men). Ten interviews were subsequently conducted with UK English‐speaking participants with a range of cancers attending Maggie’s Centres in London and Dundee (age range: 40‐76; 5 women, 5 men) to adapt the CancerDQoL for UK use. Results The first draft of the CancerDQoL contained 25 domain‐specific items from the ‐DQoL Item Library plus four overview items. Zimbabwean participants indicated that cancer negatively impacted on all life domains included, except ‘having children’. Weighted impact (impact ratings multiplied by importance) was most negative for ‘sex life’, ‘depend on others’ and ‘physical capability’. The least negative weighted impact was found for ‘having children’, ‘spiritual/religious life’ and ‘past medical/self‐care’. UK interviews confirmed no new items were required. Conclusions Face and content validity of the CancerDQoL is established for an adult sample of English‐speaking cancer patients in Zimbabwe and confirmed in an adaptation following UK interviews.
Transformations of planning rationales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dutch national planning has acquired an international reputation because it provides strong planning guidance while simultaneously being responsive to the particular spatial and political circumstances of different regions and areas. Spatial concepts, like the Randstad, are important vehicles for sustaining this approach. Such concepts incorporate select spatial planning rationales that justify operational decisions. Concepts can, however, also be ambiguous, and this can allow for different interpretations and deliberations about how guidance should take effect in different situations. In this paper we assess the degree of ambiguity contained in concepts outlined in Dutch national plans between 1988 and 2012. By focusing on the dimensions of spatial concepts, and the room for interpretation these create, we demonstrate how concepts were modified to accommodate a shifting appreciation of deliberation and, as a result, collaboration and governance. On a theoretical level, we propose a method that analyses in detail the ambiguity (“fuzzyness” or “softness”) of spatial concepts. We argue that such sophisticated understandings contribute to explaining the variety of governance responses that these geographies produce in practice. On an empirical level we seek to increase understanding of change in recent Dutch national planning.
Rapid Discrimination of Panax quinquefolium and Panax ginseng Using the Proofman-Duplex-LMTIA Technique

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to establish a rapid identification method based on the Proofman-LMTIA technique for distinguishing between Panax quinquefolium and Panax ginseng. By targeting specific 18S rDNA sequences, suitable primers and Proofman probes labeled FAM or JOE were designed for LMTIA. Initially, single-species-primer Proofman-LMTIA assays were performed separately for each ginseng type to optimize reaction temperature, assess sensitivity and specificity, and determine the detection limit. Subsequently, both sets of primers and their corresponding probes were combined in the same reaction system to further optimize reaction conditions, evaluate sensitivity, and assess stability. Finally, the developed Proofman-duplex-LMTIA technique was employed to detect P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng slices available in the market. Single-plex Proofman-LMTIA assays revealed that the optimal reaction temperature for both P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng was 62 °C. The sensitivity was as low as 1 pg/μL, with a detection limit of 0.1%, and both showed excellent specificity. The optimal temperature for Proofman-duplex-LMTIA assays was 58 °C. This method could simultaneously identify P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng. Testing 6 samples of P. ginseng and 11 samples of P. quinquefolium from the market resulted in a 100% positive rate for all samples. This study successfully established a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific Proofman-duplex-LMTIA identification method for P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng. It provides an effective means for quality control of P. quinquefolium, P. ginseng, and related products.
Germ cell-somatic cell interactions during spermatogenesis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The adult testis has two essential functions, namely the synthesis and secretion of the steroid hormone testosterone and the production of mature spermatozoa. Germ cells undergo mitosis, meiosis and condensation (spermiation) in close association with Sertoli cells and in defined associations with each other within the seminiferous epithelium. Normal spermatogenesis and fertility are dependent upon paracrine interactions between the somatic cells (Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular) and the germ cells, and upon endocrine support from the pituitary gland. Evidence for paracrine interactions between somatic and germ cells has been gained from observations on the patterns of expression of proteins, studies on isolated cell populations, germ cell or Leydig cell ablation with toxicants, mouse mutants and transgenics, and more recently from germ cell transplantation.
A dynamic traffic assignment model based on the Prospect User Equilibrium.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many studies on Prospect Theory (PT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) applied to traffic assignment are based on static implementations and on small networks. Up to today and to the best of the author's knowledge, there are only two studies that discuss an extension of CPT to account for the route travel time distributions [15,19]. And, the application of PT, considering route travel time distributions and a dynamic traffic simulator, has not yet been analyzed in detail. In this paper, we revisit the concept of prospect-based User Equilibrium and discuss a different framework to account for timedependent route travel times considering the PT. We then consider that users perceive the route travel time with uncertainty that is modeled using Monte Carlo simulations. We present our assignment model proposition as a nonlinear mathematical program and discuss a solution algorithm based on the Method of Successive Averages (MSA). We discuss a dynamic implementation of the model, using a LWR mesoscopic simulator [20], on a 6 x 10 Grid network. The equilibrium results are compared against the Deterministic User Equilibrium (DUE) and Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE).
(Dis-)Continuities and Disruptions in Young People’s Transitions out of Residential and Foster Care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The project “TransCare. Young People's Transitions out of Residential and Foster Care” of the University of Luxembourg focuses on researching the achievement of agency in constellations of transitions. One part of the project sheds a light on former care leaver’s perspectives on their transition processes out of institutional care settings. Therefore, it looks at the experiences of young people themselves.The retrospective and biographical interviews with people who had left the care system, three to seven years ago, give us the opportunity to reconstruct different forms and patterns of transition. On closer inspection, the analysis of the interviews reveals many disruptions, discontinuities, turning points and overlays in the trajectories of the young people already within the care system. There are multiple breaks that influence transitions in other systems, e.g. in the system of education. This leads to various challenges and uncertainties that respondents face. Moreover, in phases of transition specific constructions and changes of affiliation/belongings appear to be handled by the young people. The biographical approach shows in which dimensions young people positioning themselves towards their own person and the institutional setting. It also illustrates in which ways the former care leavers experience themselves in various ways as agentic subjects in their transitions and which conditions and resources play a role in this process of leaving an institutional organized setting. By contrasting the interviews, the reconstructive analysis reveals the relevance of belongings and social relations in leaving care processes. It is asking “how, in a context of increasingly fluid, unstable and mobile lives, young people build meaning through their connections with people and places over time” (Cuervo & Wyn 2017, p. 220) and how different ways and forms of agency are achieved during transition processes.
Transgenic Mitigation of Transgene Dispersal by Pollen and Seed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction—Containers Leak Mitigation—The Concept of Conferring a Selective Disadvantage Outside of Cultivation Evidence That TM Mitigates Transgene Establishment Tailoring Mitigator Genes to Crops and Cropping Situation Concluding Remarks References
Preferential Synthesis of Cyclic Phenylazomethines and Their Redox Behavior

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We synthesized cyclic phenylazomethines via dehydration of aromatic amines with aromatic ketones in the presence of titanium tetrachloride as a Lewis acid.Stepwise synthesis of a cyclic tetramer of phenylazomethine was also successful.Protonation behavior of the cyclic tetramer was investigated using UV-vis spectral measurements.The cyclic tetramer itself is not redox-active, but a reversible redox wave appeared in cyclic voltammograms when protonated in the presence oftrifluoroacetic acid.We revealed that the redox potential is controlled by the concentration of the acid.
Review of Stem-Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Older Patients in the Context of the Decision Memo for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome Emanating From the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem-cell disorders that result in varying degrees of cytopenia and risk of transformation into acute leukemia. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) is the only known cure for this disease. The treatment is routinely used for younger patients, but only a minority of patients older than the age of 60 undergo this procedure. The overall MDS incidence is 3.3 per 100,000, but the incidence in patients older than age 70 is between 15 and 50 per 100,000. The median age at presentation is 76 years. Medicare-age patients 65 or older represent 80% of the total population receiving an MDS diagnosis. In the United States, one of the obstacles to SCT for older patients with MDS has been lack of third party reimbursement. On August 4, 2010, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services released their Decision Memo for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. This memo states: “Allogeneic HSCT for MDS is covered by Medicare only for beneficiaries with MDS participating in an approved clinical study that meets the criteria below…. ” In this review, we will summarize what is known regarding the role of allogeneic SCT in older patients as well as other elements that should be included within clinical trials that can provide the evidence necessary to demonstrate that allogeneic SCT should be a covered benefit for Medicare beneficiaries.
AKR1B10 aşırı ifadelenmesinin kolorektal kanser hatları üzerindeki fonksiyonel etkileri.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) dependent oxidoreductases that are involved in many anabolic and catabolic reactions. When they are over-activated, the polyol pathway is activated that results in oxidative stress. AKRs are implicated in many inflammation-associated diseases including diabetes mellitus, asthma, uveitis, sepsis, atherosclerosis, periodontitis, and many cancers. AKR1B10, a member of the AKR family that is also known as small intestine like aldose reductase is highly expressed in the small intestine and colon. Analysis of publicly available microarray datasets indicated that colorectal cancer (CRC) patients showed lower AKR1B10 expression compared to normal tissues, although AKR1B10 was overexpressed in other cancers such as liver cancer. Gene set enrichment analyses indicated significant enrichment of metabolism related genes in tumors that expressed high amounts of AKR1B10. In order to understand the functional effects of AKR1B10, we overexpressed AKR1B10 in CRC cell lines that do not express the protein. We observed no alterations in cellular proliferation or cell cycle; however, cellular motility was reduced, along with a decrease in the nuclear translocation, DNA binding and transcriptional activity of NF-B, which is an important transcription factor that is necessary for cell survival and inflammation. The work carried out in this thesis suggests that the expression of AKR1B10 in colon cancer cells may not directly affect cancer progression by affecting cell proliferation or cell cycle; rather, the protein has a more indirect effect, perhaps through the activation of metabolism related pathways.
“The Injustice of the Thing”: Negotiating the Song Market in the U. S. Copyright Debates of 1906-1910

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores and contextualizes the disputes between the music publishing and recording industries during the U. S. copyright debates of 1906–1910. While seemingly antagonistic, a deeper look at the relationships between these two components of the commercial music industry reveals the ways in which both benefited from defining recordings and enshrining financial interests in law.
POEMS syndrome complicated by ischaemic stroke and cerebral vasculitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case of ischaemic stroke in the context of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome associated with cerebral vasculitis as confirmed by imaging. There is little information on the prevalence of cerebral vasculitis in POEMS patients, and we found only one previous report of such case in the literature.
ELECTRO‐PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS IN CULTURED CELLULAR SPHEROIDS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Human Glioma U‐118 MG and hamster V‐79‐379A spheroids were used as models of the nodular structure often seen in poorly vascularized regions of solid tumours. K+, Ca 2+ activities and membrane potentials were measured in the spheroids, using microelectrodes. Both stable and peak values were obtained. All values were included in the analysis to allow an accurate estimate of the relative number of electro‐physiologically active cells at different depths in the spheroids. The relative number of active cells decreased drastically with depth although most cells in the corresponding regions looked morphologically viable. The amplitude values of potentials and K+ activities showed, however, no significant variations with depth. The Ca 2+ activity varied largely between individual cells. The relative number of proliferative cells decreased with depth in the spheroids, in parallel to the decrease in the number of electro‐physiologically active cells. The results indicate that the fraction of cells, in poorly vascularized regions, having normal metabolism might be fewer than what can be estimated only on a morphological basis. Thus, the amount of cells with the capacity to contribute to growth might be overestimated when inspecting histological sections.