jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Teaching Translation With the Notion of Discourse Analysis Under Different Communication Patterns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study of teaching translation has always been influenced by the theory of foreign language teaching, regardless of the theoretical or practical approaches the researchers used. In the classroom, students are frequently bored with translating grammar because they are seldom taught how grammar works. In view of this teaching gap, this study offers new translating skills for students to enhance their understanding and readability of the translated texts. Dr. Randy Pausch&rsquo;s &ldquo;The Last Lecture,&rdquo; available in both video and text, was used as the study material because of the special language features of speech and written texts. Using Dr. Pausch&rsquo;s spoken and written material, the study adopted Hall&rsquo;s (1976) intercultural communication patterns together with discourse analyses by Halliday and Hasan (1976), so that students can learn how to analyze coherence and cohesion in their translations with different communication patterns. The subjects for this study were 80 English-major students, and the tools are four texts from Dr. Pausch&rsquo;s speech and published books. Data from student learning journals and their pre-test and post-test results were collected for statistical examination. Rather than simply translating words and following grammatical rules, the study provides new ideas for teaching translating, enhancing the quality of student translations by melding the latter with their personal experiences of the words they read and hear.
A Model-Independent Radio Telescope Dark Matter Search

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel search technique for ultralight dark matter has been developed and initially carried out over a limited range of frequency in L-band, utilizing the recent Breakthrough Listen public data release of three years of observation with the Green Bank Telescope. The search concept depends only on the assumption of decay or annihilation of virialized dark matter leading to a quasi-monochromatic radio line, and additionally that the frequency and intensity of the line be consistent with very general expected properties of the phase space of our Milky Way halo. Specifically, the search selects for a line which exhibits a Doppler shift with position according to the solar motion through a static galactic halo, and similarly varies in intensity with position with respect to the halo profile. The analysis of the full L-, S-, C- and X-band dataset by this method is currently underway.
Perception and Pronunciation of English Phonemes by Young Japanese Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

日本語母語話者にとって, 日本語にない英語の音韻の差異(例えば, /r/と/l/)に気づくことは難しい。本研究では, 日本人幼児における英語の構成音素の知覚・発声能力を調べ, それと英単語の反復の難しさとの関連を検討した。研究1では, 英語の音声を構成する主要な音素を, CV音韻構造, または, 同一の音素の順序を変えたVC音韻構造で幼児(3, 4歳児35名, 5, 6歳児29名)に聴覚提示し, 反復再生させた。その結果, /vI/, /ðI/, /zI/, /lI/の刺激に含まれる頭子音の反復が難しかったが, 少なくとも2割程度の子どもが, 正しく反復することができた。また, CV音韻構造よりも, VC音韻構造が難しかった。研究2では, CV音韻構造での各音素の正反応率(研究1)を用いて, 1音節英単語反復の正反応率(5, 6歳児15名の成績)を予測した。その結果, 1音節英単語反復の正反応率のばらつきが18%説明されることが分かった。英語の構成音素を知覚・発声することの難しさは, 日本人幼児が英単語の音声を聞き取り, 発声することの難しさの一部であることが示唆された。
Probability measure-valued polynomial diffusions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a class of probability measure-valued diffusions, coined polynomial, of which the well-known Fleming--Viot process is a particular example. The defining property of finite dimensional polynomial processes considered by Cuchiero et al. (2012) and Filipovic and Larsson (2016) is transferred to this infinite dimensional setting. This leads to a representation of conditional marginal moments via a finite dimensional linear PDE, whose spatial dimension corresponds to the degree of the moment. As a result, the tractability of finite dimensional polynomial processes are preserved in this setting. We also obtain a representation of the corresponding extended generators, and prove well-posedness of the associated martingale problems. In particular, uniqueness is obtained from the duality relationship with the PDEs mentioned above.
Qishen Granule Improved Cardiac Remodeling via Balancing M1 and M2 Macrophages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Macrophages play a pivotal role in myocardial remodeling (MR) process which could eventually lead to heart failure. Splenic monocytes could be mobilized and recruited under inflammatory conditions and differentiated into different types of macrophages in heart tissues. Inflammatory M1 macrophages could aggravate tissue damage whereas M2 macrophages could promote angiogenesis and tissue repair process. Unbalanced ratio of M1/M2 macrophages may eventually lead to adverse remodeling. Therefore, regulating differentiation and activities of macrophages are potential strategies for the management of myocardial remodeling. Qishen Granule (QSG) is an effective Chinese medicine for treating heart failure. Our previous studies demonstrated that QSG could inhibit myocardial fibrosis through regulating secretion of cytokines and activation of macrophages. However, the detailed effects of QSG on had not been elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of QSG on the release of splenic monocytes, the recruitment of monocytes into heart tissues and the differentiation of macrophages under ischemic conditions. Our results showed that QSG could suppress the release of monocytes from the spleen and recruitment of monocytes to heart tissues via inhibiting splenic angiotensin (Ang) II/AT1-cardiac monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) pathway. The anti-fibrotic effect of QSG was exerted by inhibiting M1 macrophage-activated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad3 pathway. Meanwhile, QSG could promote angiogenesis by promoting differentiation of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages. Our results suggest that compounds of Chinese medicine have synergistic effects on cardiac and splenic organs through regulating differentiation of monocytes/macrophages in inhibiting myocardial remodeling.
The Rising Costs of Dissent

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 4 addresses the rising civil costs of dissent. It examines the various costs and liabilities that apply to protest organizers, participants, and supporters. These include permit fees, damages resulting from personal injury lawsuits, statutory penalty enhancements, and loss of public benefits. The chapter makes the case for stricter First Amendment scrutiny of these costs and argues that certain fee-shifting arrangements and civil causes of action violate the First Amendment. It encourages public officials to commit to reducing rather than piling on the costs of dissent.
Size Distortion of Bootstrap Moran Diagnostic Testing for Spatial Autoregressive Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,bootstrap methods are extended from econometrics,finance,medicine,and military science to spatial econometrics.We apply three residual-based bootstrap methods for diagnostic testing spatial correlation in a spatial econometric autoregressive model.In comparison with the theoretical asymptotic test,our extensive Monte Carlo simulation indicates that in view of size distortion bootstrap Moran diagnostic testing for this model has superior finite sample properties under general model assumptions including heteroscedasticity and normal distribution.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce lodging of teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] under N fertilizer applications

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lodging in teff reduces yield, and applying nitrogen fertilizer worsens its impact. This study assesses the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and N fertilizer on lodging and yield in teff. The study, conducted in two districts over two consecutive years, included two AMF conditions (inoculated and non-inoculated) and five levels of N (0, 46, 92, 138, and 184 kg/ha). Plant height, panicle length, total number of tillers, lodging index, shoot biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index, nitrogen uptake, phosphorus uptake, and silicon uptake were significantly influenced by AMF, N levels, and their interactions. Inoculation with AMF increased plant height by 59.87%, panicle length by 18.20%, total number of tillers by 87.13%, shoot biomass yield by 30.14%, grain yield by 37.60%, harvest index by 10.71, N uptake by 112%, phosphorous uptake by 86%, and silicon uptake by 104% and reduced lodging by 229.63% compared to the non-inoculated controls. Inoculation with AMF conferred two benefits to the plants. First, inoculated plants lodged less frequently. Secondly, their lodging remained stable even with increasing nitrogen application. In contrast, non-inoculated groups not only lodged more frequently, but this lodging was exacerbated by higher nitrogen concentrations. Lodging index was significantly negatively correlated with nitrogen, silicon, and phosphorus uptake in the shoots, suggesting that AMF-inoculated plants do not lodge even at higher nitrogen levels, which may help prevent yield loss from nitrogen application. The higher yields demonstrated by AMF-inoculated groups may result from AMF’s ability to mitigate nitrogen-induced lodging.
Youtube’s Participatory Culture and Democratic Potential

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The theory of participatory culture in new media proposes a system that guarantees unrestricted access for all in the media industry. It promises a more democratic process of production and distribution with a greater representation of minority voices, that are systematically ignored by traditional media institutions. This research investigates the validity of such claims by examining the lived experienced of private producers who use Youtube as a platform to broadcast their content. Using in depth interviews and a 3.5 months long, participant observation, the research identified three dominant themes: the inadequacy of Youtube’s structural framework in facilitating genuine participation, the bottom-up social collaborations and problem-solving of producers approaching a semblance of participatory culture, and the development of new forms of corporate controls, disguised as a champion of democratic empowerment.
Zespół Evansa – praca poglądowa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evans syndrome (ES) is an autoimmune disease characterized by concurrent or sequential occurrence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia and less frequently autoimmune neutropenia. ES is a rare situation that represents up to 7% of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and around 2% of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The syndrome is characterized by a chronic, relapsing, and potentially fatal course requiring long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment is based on corticosteroids and immunoglobulin injections depending on how the disease begins. Second-line treatment for refractory ES includes rituximab, mofetil mycophenolate, cyclosporine, vincristine, azathioprine, sirolimus and thrombopoietin receptor agonists. This syndrome often occurs with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).
Cartilage Grafting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Arthritis remains a widespread and yet unsolved therapeutic dilemma. Cartilage grafting has proven to be difficult and satisfactory results are often elusive. There are several inherent difficulties. These include both chondrocyte migration and the lack of sufficient uptake of nutrients to allow for graft survival. With autografts, there is also the paucity of symptom-free donor sites. Accordingly, multiple alternative therapies for cartilage regeneration and/or substitution have been developed over time. In this article, the authors shall discuss the options for the treatment of damaged cartilage with a focus on the cartilage grafting techniques.
PENGARUH OWNERSHIP RETENTION, SIZE, LEVERAGE DAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Intellectual capital disclosure in the annual report is defined as a way that is carried out to deliver the financial report by explaining various reliable, integrated and true and fair company activities.This study aims to determine the effect of ownership retention, size, leverage, and independent commissioner on intellectual capital disclosure. The population of this study is mining companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. Sample selected by purposive sampling method. Total sample amounted to 15 companies. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of the company’s annual report for theperiod 2014-2016. Data analysis used with classical assumption test and hypothesis testing, this research use multiple linear regression method.The results of this research show that ownership retention, size, leverage, and independent commissioner simultaneously influence intellectual capital disclosure. Test shows the result that the ownership retention, leverage, and independent commissioner significantly influence intellectual capital disclosure, whereas size does not influence intellectual capital disclosure. Keywords: Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Ownership Retention, Size, Leverage, and Independent Commissioner Abstrak Pengungkapan modal intelektual dalam laporan tahunan didefinisikan sebagai cara yang dilakukan untuk menyampaikan laporan keuangan dengan menjelaskan berbagai kegiatan perusahaan yang dapat diandalkan, terintegrasi dan benar serta adil. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh retensi kepemilikan, ukuran, leverage, dan komisaris independen pada pengungkapan modal intelektual. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014-2016. Sampel dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Total sampel berjumlah 15 perusahaan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dalam bentuk laporan tahunan perusahaan untuk periode 2014-2016. Analisis data menggunakan uji asumsi klasik dan pengujian hipotesis, penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa retensi kepemilikan, ukuran, leverage, dan komisaris independen secara simultan mempengaruhi pengungkapan modal intelektual. Uji menunjukkan hasil bahwa retensi kepemilikan, leverage, dan komisaris independen secara signifikan mempengaruhi pengungkapan modal intelektual, sedangkan ukuran tidak mempengaruhi pengungkapan modal intelektual. Kata kunci: Pengungkapan Modal Intelektual, Retensi Kepemilikan, Ukuran, Leverage, dan Komisaris Independen
Clinical Psychology and Some Forgotten Episodes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Administration of supplements to strengthen the joint cartilage matrix have become popular not only for pain relief but also for joint preservation. Reports have suggested anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Garcinia kola (GK) extracts in knee osteoarthritis (KOA)1,2.

Objectives

To evaluate the non-inferiority of GK compared to Diclofenac in patients with KOA.

Methods

Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (1:1) in outpatients aged 18 to 70 years followed at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon for KOA with Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2. Patients with pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) > 5 and who had not taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids in the previous 15 days were included. Paracetamol, tramadol, and codeine were accepted as analgesics. The trial was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Garcinia kola (400 mg/12hours per os) and Diclofenac (50 mg/8hours per os). The primary endpoint was the per-protocol change in ultrasensitive CRP (CRPus) measured at D0 and D15. Secondary endpoints were the decrease in VAS pain with clinical relevance if decrease ≥ 20%, and safety. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

Forty-seven patients (33 women) were randomized (GK, n = 24 and Diclofenac, n = 23). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in sociodemographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics between the two groups [Table 2]. Between D0 and D15, there was no difference in CRPus variation between patients in the GK and Diclofenac groups (p > 0.05) [Table 2]. The same was true for pain VAS (p > 0.05), with an effect considered clinically relevant. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, including 2 cases of epigastralgia (Diclofenac) and 3 cases of increased libido (GK). No significant changes in seric level of liver transaminases, creatinine, and fasting blood sugar were observed.

Conclusion

Garcinia kola (GK) was non-inferior to Diclofenac in reducing CRPus and VAS pain in patients with KOA. The safety was good. GK would be a promising alternative to explore in the future management of osteoarthritis.

References

[1]Adegbehingbe OO, et al. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008; 3:34. [2]Olaleye SB, et al. Afr J Biomed Res. 2000; 3: 171-4.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all the patients who consented to be included in this pilot study.

Disclosure of Interests

None declared
Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Large Operable Breast Cancers: A Prospective Nonrandomized Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide. The presentations of breast cancer patients are varied, and available treatment options are many. Management of breast cancer has changed over the period of years from radical surgeries to more of conservative approaches. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy therapy in downstaging large operable breast cancer (LOBC) in the Indian population and usefulness of less radical, breast conservative surgery (BCS) in these patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective nonrandomized study of 32 patients with LOBC was carried out between September 2014 and August 2015. Patients with stage IIIA disease of 18–70 years of age were included. Clinical tumor response was graded according to the World Health Organization Criteria for clinical tumor response. Locoregional management consisted of either BCS (wide local excision, complete axillary dissection, postoperative radiotherapy) or modified radical mastectomy (MRM), depending on feasibility for BCS and patients' choice about the type of surgery to undergo. Data collected was documented and analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 43.73 years. Most of the patients were premenopausal. About 75% of patients achieved maximal response after 4 cycles neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Statistically significant response was achieved in downstaging the breast cancer. Complete clinical response was seen in 12.5%, and partial clinical response (cPR) was seen in 75% patients after neoadjuvant systematic chemotherapy. Postneoadjuvant chemotherapy, 68.75% patients became feasible for BCS. There was no statistically significant association between age, initial tumor size, and menstrual status with tumor response to chemotherapy and feasibility for BCS. Conclusions: To conclude, Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy is effective in the management of LOBC. BCS is feasible in the majority of LOBC after downstaging by Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy, which otherwise would require MRM.
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – Based Development of Grid-Connected Rice Husk-Fuelled Bio-Power Plants in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The research is designed for developing the pilot small-scale clean development mechanism bundled project activities in Vietnam electricity/ energy sector. Its overall purpose is to assess the potential of rice husk - fuelled bio-power development projects in Mekong delta. Based on estimating the electricity potential of a bundle of rice husk-fuelled bio-power development projects in Mekong delta with the capacity of 11 MW per project, assessing their CO2 emission reductions (CERs) and CER credits, calculating and comparing their financial indices (NPV, B/C, IRR) in two cases: W/O CDM and W/CDM, the research expects to establish a rice husk energy balance flowchart for the whole Mekong delta in the year 2021 and recommend policies to use for bio-power generation the unused rice husk that is dumped and discharged from local paddy milling centers into rivers and canals, as well as, to put forward a safe and environmentally friendly solution to minimize thoroughly the current serious pollution of rivers and canals in Mekong delta with the increasing unused rice husk quantity in the context is where the sea level rise phenomenon is the strongest in the world .
VERITAS Observations of the Geminga Supernova Remnant

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Geminga was first detected as a gamma-ray point source by the SAS-2 gamma-ray satellite observatory and the COS-B X-ray satellite observatory. Subsequent observations have identified Geminga as a heavily obscured radio-quiet pulsar associated with a nearby (250 pc) late Sedov phase (300,000 year) supernova remnant. The Geminga pulsar is the second brightest source detected by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi gamma-ray satellite (Fermi-LAT) and has been frequently advanced as a source of the anomalous excess of cosmic ray positrons reported by PAMELA, Fermi-LAT, and AMS-2. It is surrounded by a compact X-ray pulsar wind nebula. Observations above 10 TeV by the water Cherenkov observatory Milagro have also revealed a diffuse gamma-ray halo around Geminga extending over several square degrees. Since 2007 the VERITAS IACT observatory has performed observations of Geminga and the surrounding halo region. However, the standard methods of source detection in VERITAS data have insufficient sensitivity to angularly extended sources (>0.5 degrees) to reveal a source on the scale of the Milagro detection. In this talk, we describe two approaches being developed to search for angularly extended very high energy gamma-ray emission surrounding the Geminga pulsar.
Detection of disease outbreaks in pharmaceutical sales: neural networks and threshold algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Syndromic surveillance involves monitoring data that could indicate disease trends a population, such as gastrointestinal illness and respiratory illness. Different types of data can be used to detect potential outbreaks of disease or biological contaminant based on deviations from historical norms. The system discussed in this paper is intended to detect aberration by identifying changes in sequence data that do not match the norms for a given time and location. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to detect changes in the sales trends for over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals. Early detection of an outbreak allows public health officials to respond faster to potential outbreak situations. Our research examines the application of a multilayer perceptron using back-propagation learning and a moving window of the daily OTC sales values as inputs. The network is trained to identify changes in the sales trends which can be an indicator of a change in the population's health. The sales data exhibits a large amount of variability and the ANN must be trained to process this without prematurely signalling that a change has occurred. The network is trained using multiple years (hundred's) of simulated sales data containing simulated outbreaks. The success of the ANN is determined by its accuracy and by the amount of time (number of days into the outbreak) that the system takes to correctly signal that an anomalous trend is occurring.