jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extended State Observer Based Stator Flux Linkage Estimation of Nonlinear Synchronous Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Synchronous machines (SMs) are characterized as nonlinear dynamic systems, with stator flux linkages being critical for controller design.Among the developed methods for flux linkage estimation, the disturbance observer-based flux linkage estimator (DOB-FLE) is recognized as the state-of-theart.However, DOB-FLE faces challenges in ensuring exponential convergence during transient states.To address this, this paper introduces an extended state observer-based flux linkage estimator (ESO-FLE), which represents an advancement over DOB-FLE.This novel approach utilizes extended states to model the nonlinear disturbance term as time-varying ramp signals, offering a contrast to the constant assumption employed in DOB-FLE.It concurrently estimates both the extended states and the flux linkages through an ESO.Simulation results from a 35-kW SM drive demonstrate that ESO-FLE provides superior transient performance under dynamic conditions compared to DOB-FLE.
Non-destructive testing of metallic specimens

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this report, there are two main topics that made up of this project. At the beginning, the contents of this report are regarding the various methods to analyze the welded metallic specimen’s surface defect. The insight of various non-destructive testing such as visual testing, magnetic particles testing, penetrant, radiography and ultrasonic testing were also discussed in the report. At the later stage of this report, the design and development of the phased array ultrasonic testing equipment was in the report. The necessary data, information and analyses required to automate the process for the phased array equipment were collected through the student and professor effort. The flow charts were also created for an easy understanding of how the process works and act as input information for the programmers to create software for the phased array equipment.
The Analysis of Crosstalk Noise Component in Wearable Device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we make a lot of research for the signal termination and crosstalk reducing methods, when the wearable device working in its particular working condition. Made an in-depth analysis of complex crosstalk signal analysis & match, in actually limited working condition. In this experiment, we made a Two-dimensional field analysis for the health monitor band's circuit board by using the PCB board-level signal integrity analysis tool-HyperLynx, We used a method which isolated the components of crosstalk noise, for the crosstalk to make analysis, measurement, and rectification. In the end, we proposed a appropriate optimization program adapt to the crosstalk noise optimize with the size limits of the wearable device.
Detection and Definition of Canine Intestinal Carbohydrases, Using a Standardized Method

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Intestinal mucosa and pancreas from purebred Beagle dogs were assayed for carbohydrase activity, using several methods of tissue treatment. The enzymes found and studied were α -amylase, sucrase, lactase, amyloglucosidase, cellobiase, maltase, and isomaltase. Experiments using polyacrylamide gel columns and heat inactivation showed the presence of an isozyme of maltase which degrades isomaltose. This activity had not been previously demonstrated in dogs. An optimal standard procedure is presented for the preparation and assay of canine digestive enzymes. A statistical analysis of variance of the results showed that the variance was primarily associated with differences among dogs and not by variance within the procedure. When the different extraction procedures were used, results indicated that the level of enzymes detected differed with the method of treatment.
Wheat physiological traits response in standard and ecological agricultural systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was conducted on a farm of Payam-e-Noor University in Piranshahr, in West Azerbaijan province of Iran, during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 crop sessions to investigate the wheat physiological traits response to standard and ecological agricultural systems. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot design with two factors and three replications. The first factor, which was considered the main plot, included high, low-input, and ecological agricultural systems. Subplots were seed pre-treatment, including control (without priming), hydro priming, and food priming with ascorbate. The results showed that the least photosynthesis rate and mesophilic conductance were related to low-input agricultural system; however, in the ecological system, the transpiration, substomatal carbon dioxide, and water use efficiency of photosynthesis were the lowest. Also, seed priming increased the photosynthesis rate, mesophilic conductivity, and water use efficiency of photosynthesis.
EFFECT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION ON NON VARICEAL BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Variceal bleeding in chronic liver disease has been studied extensively.However, 30-40% of upper digestive hemorrhages in cirrhotic patients are non variceal (NVUGIB).Clinical features and endoscopic findings of this population have rarely been reported. Objective:To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in cirrhotic patients with non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients and methods:This was carried out at Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department of Al-Azhar University Hospitals, and conducted on 150 patients infected by H. pylori From May 2019 till November 2019.Pateints were selected and divided into three equal groups: Group A: Patients with recent active bleeding (maximum within two days) of non variceal origin diagnosed endoscopically.Group B Matched cirrhotic patients without history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and group C Non-cirrhotic patients without history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Upper GI Endoscopy was done for all patients of the studied groups.Multiple biopsies were taken and H.pylori infection was determined by Histopathology. Results:The mean age of participants was 54.3 years.Males were 79 (52.6%) while females were 71 (47.3%).58 of 150 patients (38.6%) were positive for H. pylori.there was no significant relation between H. pylori positivity and cause of cirrhosis.there was significant relation between H. pylori positivity and Sex of the studied cases.And there was high significant difference between the studied groups as regard H. pylori distribution. Conclusion:There was significant association between H. pylori infection and non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Eradication therapy has a role in reducing the incidence of NVUGIB in cirrhotic patients.
Evidence for the Induction of Key Components of the NOTCH Signaling Pathway via Deltamethrin and Azamethiphos Treatment in the Sea Louse Caligus rogercresseyi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The extensive use of organophosphates and pyrethroids in the aquaculture industry has negatively impacted parasite sensitivity to the delousing effects of these antiparasitics, especially among sea lice species. The NOTCH signaling pathway is a positive regulator of ABC transporter subfamily C expression and plays a key role in the generation and modulation of pesticide resistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind pesticide resistance, partly due to the lack of genomic and molecular information on the processes involved in the resistance mechanism of sea lice. Next-generation sequencing technologies provide an opportunity for rapid and cost-effective generation of genome-scale data. The present study, through RNA-seq analysis, determined that the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi (C. rogercresseyi) specifically responds to the delousing drugs azamethiphos and deltamethrin at the transcriptomic level by differentially activating mRNA of the NOTCH signaling pathway and of ABC genes. These results suggest that frequent antiparasitic application may increase the activity of inhibitory mRNA components, thereby promoting inhibitory NOTCH output and conditions for increased resistance to delousing drugs. Moreover, data analysis underscored that key functions of NOTCH/ABC components were regulated during distinct phases of the drug response, thus indicating resistance modifications in C. rogercresseyi resulting from the frequent use of organophosphates and pyrethroids.
Revisiting the phenology of El Triunfo cloud forest, Mexico, 30 years later

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Climatic conditions have changed within the cloud forests of southern Mexico, but the effects of these changes on tree phenology are not well understood. Our study aimed to determine relationships between seasonal patterns of flowering and fruiting and the annual and long-term changes in temperature and rainfall in El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Flowering and ripe fruiting intensity and fruit number were recorded for 158 trees of 21 zoochorous species during 17 months in 2019–2021. Circular statistics, synchronization calculations, and generalized linear mixed models were used to determine phenological patterns and relationships between phenophases and temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation. Flowering was most closely associated (negatively) with rainfall, whereas ripe fruiting was positively associated with solar radiation. We compared recent fruiting seasonality with phenological data collected in 1991–1993. The mean date of community fruiting in 2019–2020 was earlier (April 4) than in 1992 (May 1) and 1993 (May 13). Community fruit number in 2020–2021 decreased in comparison to 2019–2020. Our results suggest that decadal trends of increasing minimum daily temperature and an earlier and wetter wet season influenced the timing of community fruiting phenology, and fruit numbers varied greatly between years, possibly impacting resource availability for frugivores in El Triunfo.
Migrating birds: Why transnational bioscience entrepreneurs return home

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Transnational bioscience entrepreneurs (TBEs) accelerate not only the economic, but also the cultural, political, and social development of their host and sending countries. Today, the ease with which TBEs shuttle between American, Chinese, and Taiwanese cultures and resolve intractable workplace norms such as haphazard research, inadequate quality control, insular attitudes, and misguided regulations throws into sharp relief the significance of the TBEs' global sensibility. This paper uses grounded theory building to understand how intellectual engagement and rootedness are precursors to global sensibility. Analyzing the experiences and motivations of TBEs advances our understanding of why they return to their country of origin to upgrade its bioscience infrastructure.
Anxiety among the Patient with Lumber Disc Prolapse: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anxiety is an internalized fear aroused by an impulse .It is a painful emotional experience produced by excitations in the in the internal organs of the body. It is the form of fear not based on the present situation, but also upon the actual or imaginative experience of the past, present, and future. The symptoms of anxiety are common in the community and typically persist for many years and are also associated with personal disorders.1 There are various types of anxieties but we mainly focused on two types of anxieties with respect to our case and these are: 1. STATE ANXIETY: 2. TRAIT ANXIETY:
Selectivity considerations of host compound trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid when presented with pyridine and picoline mixtures: charge-assisted versus classical hydrogen bonding

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Stereoview showing strong intermolecular charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between host, and host and guest, molecules accounting for the host preference for 2MP (and 3MP). Disfavoured guests PYR and 4MP experienced only weaker classical hydrogen bonding interactions.
Matter-wave vortices in cigar-shaped and toroidal waveguides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study vortical states in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) filling a cigar-shaped trap. An effective one-dimensional (1D) nonpolynomial Schrodinger equation (NPSE) is derived in this setting, for the models with both repulsive and attractive interatomic interactions. Analytical formulas for the density profiles are obtained from the NPSE in the case of self-repulsion within the Thomas-Fermi approximation, and in the case of the self-attraction as exact solutions (bright solitons). A crucially important ingredient of the analysis is the comparison of these predictions with direct numerical solutions for the vortex states in the underlying 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The comparison demonstrates that the NPSE provides for a very accurate approximation, in all the cases, including the prediction of the stability of the bright solitons and collapse threshold for them. In addition to the straight cigar-shaped trap, we also consider a torus-shaped configuration. In that case, we find a threshold for the transition from the axially uniform state, with the transverse intrinsic vorticity, to a symmetry-breaking pattern, due to the instability in the self-attractive BEC filling the circular trap.
Effects of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Promotion Mode Intervention Combined with Oxygen Therapy on Cardiopulmonary Function and Blood Gas Analysis Indexes of COPD Patients with Cor Pulmonale

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common respiratory disease. This paper observes the effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation promotion mode intervention combined with oxygen therapy on cardiopulmonary function and blood gas analysis indexes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with cor pulmonale. A total of 136 COPD patients with cor pulmonale admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to October 2020 were selected as the research objects and divided into two groups by a simple random method. 136 patients are given oxygen therapy while the traditional group and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation group are given traditional mode and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation promotion mode intervention. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation promotion mode intervention combined with oxygen therapy can improve the cardiopulmonary function of COPD patients with cor pulmonale, regulate the expression of related serum factors, improve self-care ability, and reduce the number of hospitalizations.
A Regional Tale of Two Income Taxes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study evaluates the reporting of income as taxpayers may attempt to take advantage of the difference between the tax rates on personal and corporate income. In deriving the estimable equation, this analysis models regional economic activity within a dynamic macroecononomic framework with various government revenue sources and multiple expenditure categories. In addition, the model incorporates income shifting with convex adjustment costs. The sample includes the 48 contiguous U.S. states with annual observations ranging from 1977 through 2008. The findings suggest state personal income as a share of output grows the fastest when taxing personal income at a lower top marginal rate than corporate income and as the degree of income tax integration diminishes. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tax rate differentials induce economic agents to shift reported income into the relatively low taxed income.
Characterization of a Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strain Isolated from a Cheese Seal Which Was Last Used in 1936

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cheesemaking played a pivotal role in the life of the Pyrenean villages where cheese was a most prized commodity and the subject of much local competition. In one of them (Sasa de Sobrepuerto), Mrs. Sebastiana Palacio decided in 1877 to label all the cheeses made in her household with a seal to differentiate them from those made by other local producers. The cheese seal was last used in 1936 and, since then, it has been kept under excellent storage conditions. Since well-preserved cheese seals are rare, and bacterial cells may survive desiccation for long periods, the objective of this work was to isolate and characterize any lactic acid bacteria that survived in the seal. Analysis of the milky crust material revealed the presence of sheep caseins. Culture-based analysis led to the isolation of a strain of Bacillus licheniformis and a strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius SP36). The latter was characterized in vitro for safety and dairy-related functional properties. Its genome encodes several genes involved in protein, peptide, and amino acid catabolism, and flavor. Overall, the phenotypic and genetic features of this strain support a high potential for being used as adjunct culture in cheesemaking.
The Controlled Generation of Functional Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract An early substantial loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) is a constant feature of Alzheimer's disease and is associated with deficits in spatial learning and memory. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into BFCN would be a significant step toward a cell replacement therapy. We demonstrate here a method for the derivation of a predominantly pure population of BFCN from hESC cells using diffusible ligands present in the forebrain at developmentally relevant time periods. Overexpression of two relevant human transcription factors in hESC-derived neural progenitors also generates BFCN. These neurons express only those markers characteristic of BFCN, generate action potentials, and form functional cholinergic synapses in murine hippocampal slice cultures. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the transcription factors blocks BFCN generation by the diffusible ligands, clearly demonstrating the factors both necessary and sufficient for the controlled derivation of this neuronal population. The ability to selectively control the differentiation of hESCs into BFCN is a significant step both for understanding mechanisms regulating BFCN lineage commitment and for the development of both cell transplant-mediated therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease and high-throughput screening for agents that promote BFCN survival.
ONLINE FIRST ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION The Association of Aspirin Use With Age-Related Macular

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine whether regular aspirin use is associated with a higher risk for developing agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) by using analyzed data from a 15-year prospective cohort. Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted of data from an Australian population-based cohort with 4 examinations during a 15-year period (1992-1994 to 2007-2009). Participants completed a detailed questionnaire at baseline assessing aspirin use, cardiovascular disease status, and AMD risk factors. Age-related macular degeneration was graded side-by-side from retinal photographs taken at each study visit to assess the incidence of neovascular (wet) AMD and geographic atrophy (dry AMD) according to the international AMD classification. Results: Of 2389 baseline participants with follow-up data available, 257 individuals (10.8%) were regular aspirin users and 63 of the 2389 developed neovascular AMD. Persons who were regular aspirin users were more likely to have incident neovascular AMD: the 15year cumulative incidence was 9.3 % in users and 3.7% in nonusers. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, persons who were regular aspirin users had a higher risk of developing neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR], 2.46; 95 % CI, 1.25-4.83). The association showed a dose-response effect (multivariateadjusted P=.01 for trend). Aspirin use was not associated with the incidence of geographic atrophy (multivariate-adjusted OR, 0.99; 95 % CI, 0.59-1.65). Conclusion: Regular aspirin use is associated with increased risk of incident neovascular AMD, independent of a history of cardiovascular disease and smoking.
Osteoblast expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is modulated by the extracellular microenvironment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is crucial to the process of fracture healing. Vascular disruption after osseous injury results in an acidic, hypoxic wound environment. We have previously shown that osteoblasts can produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to a variety of stimuli. In this study we examined pH and lactate concentration, two components of the putative fracture extracellular microenvironment, and determined their relative contribution to regulation of rat calvarial osteoblast VEGF production under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that pH and lactate concentration do independently affect osteoblast VEGF mRNA and protein production. Acidic pH (7.0) significantly decreased VEGF production, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions ( P < 0.05), compared with neutral pH (7.4). This decrease was primarily transcriptionally regulated, because the rate of VEGF mRNA degradation was unchanged at pH 7.0 vs. 7.4. Similarly, an elevated lactate concentration (22 mM) also depressed osteoblast elaboration of VEGF at both neutral and acidic pH ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the effects of increasing acidity and elevated lactate appeared to be additive.