jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The political engagement of women in post-conflict Kosovo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Republic of Kosovo was created several years after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Its problems were visible during Josip Broz Tito’s presidency. Over the last ten years Kosovo has had two female presidents. The question is, what is the position of women on the Kosovan political scene? This phenomenon is particularly significant from the point of view of the post-conflict reconstruction of the state. The aim of this article is to analyse the evolution of the role of Kosovo Albanian women in the politics of Kosovo at the central level. For this reason, the article includes women involved in the armed conflict in Kosovo, especially in the activities of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA, alb. Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës, UÇK). The author also presents the role of women in the Kosovan political arena since 1999, with particular emphasis on changes that took place after the declaration of independence of Kosovo. Furthermore, the author examines the profiles of selected female politicians. The article is based on an analysis of primary and secondary sources, the comparative and historical method, and an analysis of statistical data.
Soil pressure and stresses on wood faced retaining wall with bar-mat anchors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the results of laboratory testing and short-term field monitoring of an instrumented wood-faced mechanically stabilized embankment constructed with steel bar-mat reinforcement. This retaining wall supported an embankment, allowed traffic through construction, and eliminated a costly detour. Wall construction was rapid, economical and provided good performance. Strain gage measurements on plywood face panels from laboratory vacuum test loadings and under actual overburden conditions provided good correlation for estimating lateral soil pressures. These estimated values were confirmed by strain gage measurements on steel bar-mat reinforcement. Pressure cells were unreliable in measuring lateral soil pressures. The resluts of instrumentation suggest a uniform lateral oil pressure distribution behind the wall face. (Author)
Exploring male and female preferences, male body condition, and pair bonds in the evolution of male sexual aggregation: the case of the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One of the unresolved problems of male sexual aggregations is that a small number of males monopolize most matings. The Common Quail ( Coturnix coturnix (L., 1758)), is a bird species that has a short life span and a reproductive strategy that involves male aggregations, which females visit for the purpose of mating. Once a mate has been chosen, birds leave the aggregation and form pair-bonds until incubation begins. This remarkable mating system might represent an intermediate step between lekking and pair-bond mating systems in which males provide some parental care. We designed a field experiment with funnel traps simulating male groups and single females to observe male and female preferences, and to examine the possible evolutionary process that drives males to aggregate. Radio-tagged individuals were also monitored to study pair-bonding behaviour in the field. Our results suggest that body condition is an important factor in male group formation, and that males with better body condition tend to aggregate, while males in poorer condition wait for extra-pair copulation opportunities. Moreover, this mating system creates a situation in which a queuing strategy might occur.
The Maximum Incremental Social Tolerable Irriversible Costs (MISTICs) and other benefits and costs of introducing transgenic maize in the EU-15

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The decision to release a new transgenic crop variety for planting in the European Union (EU) is a decision under irreversibility and uncertainty. We use a real option model to assess the ex-ante incremental benefits and costs of the decision to release Bt maize and HT maize in the EU-15 member states. The analysis uses Eurostat data for modelling the benefits and costs of non-transgenic maize using partial equilibrium models. The farm-level benefits and costs of Bt maize and HT maize are derived from field trials conducted within the EU-funded ECOGEN project in combination with secondary data sources. Adoption curves, hurdle rates and Maximum Incremental Social Tolerable Irreversible Costs (MISTICs) are calculated at country level for selected EU-15 member states. In general, the results show that the MISTICs on a per capita level are very small confirming previous results calculated in values for the year 1995. The MISTICs per farm are much larger. This indicates a problem for decision makers.
The Direction Verbs in Huxian Dialect

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The monosyllabic word “起” in Huxian dialect implies “起来” and “去呀” indicates the speaker's questioning or stating the direction.“A+起来,A+下来,A+下去”in standard Chinese pronunciation become “A+咧”in Huxian dialect.“V+来、V+去”in Huxian dialect is also pronounced as “V+来来,V+去去”.“走”pronounced in the level tune indicates the speaker's imperative tone and “去” pronounced in the level tune in Huxian dialect is the exact equivalence of the auxiliary word “吧”in the standard Chinese pronunciation.
Evaluation of rice husk ash as filler in tread compounds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Rice which is one of the largest agriculture crops produces around 22% of rice rusk during its milling process. This material is mainly used as fuel for energy generation, which results in an ash, which disposal represents an environmental issue. The rice husk ash (RHA) contains over than 70% of silica in an amorphous form and a lot of applications is being developed for it all over the world. The use of silica as a filler in the tire industry is growing since it contributes significantly to the reduction of fuel consumption of the automobiles, allowing at the same time better traction (safety). This paper presents an evaluation of the use of RHA as filler in rubber tread compounds prepared in lab scale and compares its performance with compounds prepared with commercial silica and carbon black, the fillers normally used in tire industry. Mechanical and rheological properties are evaluated, with emphasis for tan delta as an indicator of tread performance related with rolling resistance (fuel consumption) and wet grip/traction (safety).
GENERATION OF A CYTOMEGALOVIRUS EXPRESSING INTERLEUKIN-12 TO STUDY VIRAL DISSEMINATION AND IMMUNOGENICITY IN THE GUINEA PIG MODEL

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of mental retardation and deafness in newborns; therefore, the development of a vaccine for the virus is of great importance. The guinea pig is the only small animal model for the study of congenital CMV infection and since HCMV and other CMV are highly specific to particular host species, guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) must be used for congenital CMV infection studies. Interleuking-12 (IL-12) is a proinflammatory cytokine dimer that stimulates T-cell activity during the immune response. The subunits of IL-12, especially the IL-12p40 (IL-12B) subunit, have potential for use as adjuvants in CMV vaccines to stimulate the T-cell response. The purpose of this project is to use molecular cloning strategies to create recombinant guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) strains expressing the guinea pig ortholog of IL-12B. This will allow the investigation of the effect of the IL-12B subunit on CMV pathogenicity in the guinea pig animal model as well as the impact of this cytokine on the resulting T-cell immune response to GPCMV infection.
On Information Transfer-Based Characterization of Power System Stability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to identify the generators and states responsible for the small-signal stability of power networks. To this end, the newly developed notion of information transfer between the states of a dynamical system is used. In particular, using the concept of information transfer, which characterizes influence between the various states and a linear combination of states of a dynamical system, we identify the generators and states which are responsible for causing instability of the power network. While characterizing influence from state to state, information transfer can also describe influence from state to modes thereby generalizing the well-known notion of participation factor while at the same time overcoming some of the limitations of the participation factor. The developed framework is applied to study the three bus system identifying various cause of instabilities in the system. The simulation study is extended to IEEE 39 bus system.
Stefan Zweig and the Concept of World Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The gap in time between stefan zweig's 1942 suicide and the present provides us with the possibility of attaining a fair vantage point for an assessment of his contribution to “world literature.” Before doing so, however, it will be important to delimit a workable concept of world literature which can be utilized for this analysis. In the first part, which is the bulk of this essay, it is important to describe and measure Zweig's contribution to world literature as it was registered or acknowledged during his lifetime. The time frame extends from the date of his first publications at the end of the nineteenth century, through the interwar years, when he reached the apex of his career as a writer and was celebrated as the most widely read and translated serious German-language author in the world, until his suicide in February 1942 in exile in Brazil. One goal of this essay is to position Zweig within the context of world literature and to assess how important a writer he was during his lifetime within this specific framework. In the second part, which is brief in contrast to the first, a depiction of his place within world literature in the time period after his death is provided. The status and reception of writers are subject to ever-changing constellations of factors which exert an impact on world literature, and Zweig's place or rank invariably changes as critical reflections about his writings and stature negotiate their way through newly emerging and different conceptions of literature and culture.
Developmental expression of the octopamine phenotype in lobsters, Homarus americanus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have used immunocytochemical methods to examine the sequence of appearance of octopamine-immunoreactive neurons during development, and to try to correlate that appearance with the emergence of behavioral or physiological capabilities. The first octopamine neurons express their transmitter phenotype at approximately 43% of embryonic development. The last cells show immunostaining at the 3rd larval stage. In the wild, therefore, immunoreactivity in cells appears over a 9–12 month period. In contrast, serotonin-immunoreactive neurons stain early in embryonic development and the last serotonin-immunoreactive cells appear at about the same time the first octopamine-immunoreactive neurons show staining. The pattern of appearance of octopamine-immunoreactive cells is cell type-specific. A pair of brain cells and the descending interneurons stain first. Additional brain cell staining is seen throughout embryonic development. The ascending interneurons appear next, and a general anterior-posterior gradient typifies their emergence over a relatively short portion of embryonic life (E 48–62%). The neurosecretory cell staining appears last, is segment-specific, begins at about 62% development, and continues to the 3rd larval stage. The emergence of immunostaining for amine neurotransmitters within groups of identified neurons at precise times in development may specify possible functional units. With at least one group of cells, this possibility seems plausible: the three pairs of claw octopamine neurosecretory cells show immunostaining as a unit. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improving Integrity by Removing Equivocation: A Critique of the New Zealand Outdoor Instructors Association Rock 1 Syllabus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The integrity of instructing qualifications is reflected in the quality of the instructors that hold them, and, more importantly, the criteria underpinning the acquisition of them. These criteria are stated in syllabi documents. This paper is a critique of the New Zealand Outdoor Instructors' Association Rock Instructor Level 1 award syllabus. Particular focus is on the areas of technical skill competencies, [potential] instructors operating outside the scope of a qualification, and the wording of soft skill competency requirements. Suggestions are made for possible improvements to the current syllabus in these areas.
Estimates of parental-dominance and full-sib permanent environment variances in laying hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Estimates of variance components for five egg traits on 26265 laying hens were obtained by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using several models. In the DOMFS model, the effects included hatch group, additive genetic, full-sib, parental dominance and inbreeding depression. In the DOM model, the full-sib effect was eliminated. In the FS model, the parental dominance effect was eliminated. In the ADD model, both the full-sib and the dominance effects were eliminated. In the DOMFS model, the estimates of the full-sib variance were generally higher for egg production traits and lower for egg characteristics than those of the parental dominance variance. However, this model has partially failed in separating these two components. When the full-sib effect was removed from the model, almost all of its estimated variance moved to the estimated parental dominance variance. When the parental dominance effect was removed from the model, almost all of its estimated variance moved to the estimated full-sib variance. The estimates obtained with REML and the DOM model were compared with those obtained by method R and tilde-hat methodologies. The d 2 (ratio of dominance variance to total variance) differed by up to 86% for method R and up to 225% for tilde-hat. The h 2 differed by up to 26 and 28%, respectively. For data sets that are too large to be analysed with REML, method R is a feasible alternative. A model for estimation of dominance variance should also include the full-sib or a similar effect, provided the data set is large. Similarly, to analyse egg production traits, the model should include at least the full-sib effect.
National conference on community based natural resource management in Botswana : report of conference proceedings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report is on the first national conference on CBNRM that was a culmination of a series of three workshops on key topics in CBNRM, namely: community mobilization, enterprise development and natural resource monitoring and management. The objectives of the conference were to reflect on the progress made so far in implementing CBNRM activities, to consider the recommendations from the workshops and to deliberate the way forward. These proceedings provide a good overview of the achievements of CBNRM to date.
<title>Recent progress on PLC hybrid integration</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Planar lightwave circuit (PLC) hybrid integration is a promising way to realizing low-cost and highly functional optical components which are integrated with opto-electronic (OE) devices. As low-cost components, WDM hybrid transceiver modules have been developed to construct the fiber-to-the- home networks. As highly functional optical components, a multi-wavelength light source, a high-speed optical wavelength selector and a differential photoreceiver module have been demonstrated to construct optical transmission and switching systems employing dense wavelength-division- multiplexing and time-division-multiplexing technologies. This paper reviews the current status and recent progress on the PLC hybrid integration.
Improving the effectiveness of pipe insulation by using external, longitudinal baffles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the problem of laminar natural convection flow over an insulated cylinder suspended in air with multiple, low-conductivity, longitudinal baffles is considered. The effect of the baffles on the heat transfer has been determined numerically over the range 10{sup 3} {le} Ra {le} 10{sup 6} and N = 0, 1, 3, 5, 11, where N represents the number of equally spaced baffles on each side of the cylinder. The results show that baffles can improve the effectiveness of pipe insulation. Based on the cases considered in this study, the heat loss from an insulated pipe can be reduced as much as 31% (as compared to the case of an insulated cylinder with no-baffles). The overall effectiveness increases as the number of baffles increases.
The common prophylactic therapy for bowel surgery is ineffective for clearing Bacteroidetes, the primary inducers of systemic inflammation, and causes faster death in response to intestinal barrier damage in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and objective The role of secreted gut microbial components in the initiation of systemic inflammation and consequences of antibiotic therapies on this inflammatory process are poorly elucidated. We investigate whether peripheral innate cells mount an inflammatory response to gut microbial components, the immune cells that are the primary drivers of systemic inflammation, the bacterial populations that are predominantly responsible, and whether perioperative antibiotics affect these processes. Method and experimental design Conditioned supernatants from gut microbes were used to stimulate murine innate cell types in vitro and in vivo , and proinflammatory responses were characterised. Effects of antibiotic therapies on these responses were investigated using a model of experimental intestinal barrier damage induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Results Proinflammatory responses in the periphery are generated by components of anaerobes from the Bacteroidetes phylotype and these responses are primarily produced by myeloid dendritic cells. We found that the common prophylactic therapy for sepsis (oral neomycin and metronidazole administered to patients the day prior to surgery) is ineffective for clearing Bacteroidetes from the murine intestine. A point of critical consequence of this result is the increased systemic inflammation and premature death observed in treated mice, and these outcomes appear to be independent of gut bacterial spread in the initial phase of intestinal barrier damage. Importantly, spillage of gut microbial products, rather than dissemination of gut microbes, may underlay the initiation of systemic inflammation leading to death. Conclusions Our data further affirm the importance of a balanced gut microflora biodiversity in host immune homeostasis and reinforce the notion that inadequate antibiotic therapy can have detrimental effects on overall immune system.
Scottish Archeology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Scottish Archeology Get access J. C. R. J. C. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-XI, Issue 278, 27 April 1867, Pages 334–335, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-XI.278.334d Published: 27 April 1867
Promoting Access and Equity for Underrepresented Racial Minorities? An Examination of Policies and Practices in Community College Baccalaureate Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective/Research Question: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which programs offering community college baccalaureates (CCBs) address access and equity for underrepresented racial minorities (URMs). The study first aimed to understand how administrators described the purpose of CCBs with regard to advancing equity for URMs. Next, the study explored how CCB programs incorporate policies and practices advancing access and success of URM students. Method: The study employed a multiple-case study design by focusing on three states offering bachelor’s degrees at several community colleges. Interviews with administrators were conducted at two colleges offering CCB programs in each state. Colleges differed in demographic composition and in the number and type of CCB programs offered. Results: Administrators described how CCBs advanced socioeconomic mobility, which promoted equity, particularly for low-income students. Findings suggested that only some attention was placed on providing access to URMs, which was largely contingent on the representation of URMs in the surrounding community and feeder programs. Few outreach efforts and support services specifically targeted URMs. Conclusion/Contributions: Given that URMs are largely concentrated at community colleges and significant gaps exist between URMs and non-URMs in college completion, CCBs might serve as an educational policy to reduce those gaps. As CCBs are primarily framed as essential to meeting workforce needs, increased opportunities for URMs may be limited without intentional efforts to outreach and support URMs.
Accelerating Distributed Optimization via Over-the-Air Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Distributed optimization is ubiquitous in emerging applications, such as robust sensor network control, smart grid management, machine learning, resource slicing, and localization. However, the extensive data exchange among local and central nodes may cause a severe communication bottleneck. To overcome this challenge, over-the-air computing (AirComp) is a promising medium access technology, which exploits the superposition property of the wireless multiple access channel (MAC) and offers significant bandwidth savings. In this work, we propose an AirComp framework for general distributed convex optimization problems. Specifically, a distributed primaldual (DPD) subgradient method is utilized for the optimization procedure. Under general assumptions, we prove that DPDAirComp can asymptotically achieve zero expected constraint violation. Therefore, DPD-AirComp ensures the feasibility of the original problem, despite the presence of channel fading and additive noise. Moreover, with proper power control of the users' signals, the expected non-zero optimality gap can also be mitigated. Two practical applications of the proposed framework are presented, namely, smart grid management and wireless resource allocation. Finally, numerical results reconfirm DPDAirComp's excellent performance, while it is also shown that DPD-AirComp converges an order of magnitude faster compared to a digital orthogonal multiple access scheme, specifically, time division multiple access (TDMA).