jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical study on the moment capacity of zed-section purlins under uplift loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a nonlinear finite element analysis model is established for cold-formed steel zed-section purlins subjected to uplift loading. In the model, the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the sheeting to the purlin are simplified as a lateral rigid restraint imposed at the upper flange-web junction and a rotational spring restraint applied at the mid of the upper flange where the sheeting is fixed. The analyses are performed by considering both geometrical and material nonlinearities. The influences of the rotational spring stiffness and initial geometrical imperfections on the uplift loading capacity of the purlin are investigated numerically. It is found that the rotational spring stiffness has significant influence on the purlin performance. However, the influence of the initial geometric imperfections on the purlin performance is found only in purlins of medium or long length with no or low rotational spring stiffness.
Developing a Standardized Cephalometric Vocabulary: Choices and Possible Strategies

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract The science of cephalometry has been invaluable for guiding orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcomes tracking. Though software packages easily calculate most cephalometric measurements, the ability to exchange cephalometric data bet ween software packages is poorly developed. Hindering this effort is the lack of an agreed‐upon standard for electronic exchange of cephalometric measurements. Unlike more technological issues, the problem of creating such a standard is one of formalizing decisions already established through historical precedent. Solving this problem will require education, cooperation, and consensus in order to reap the potential improvements to patient care, dental education, and research. The first step in overcoming these remaining issues is awareness. This article reviews those factors that place cephalometric measurements in an excellent position for standardization, outlines those decisions that must be made in order to realize the goal of electronic exchange of cephalometric information, and describes some of the options for these decisions as well as some advantages and disadvantages of each.
Understanding Teachers' Perceptions of Bullying for Developing Teacher Detection and Intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bullying behaviors can have lasting adverse consequences for teachers, victims, offenders, and bystanders. Teachers are often not prepared with the knowledge required for appropriate interventions. The purpose of this study was to understand teachers' perceptions of bullying in one of the largest urban school districts in the United States. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which holds that individuals impact and should be impacted by various environmental systems around them, the study was focused on teachers' understanding of detection and intervention of bullying in the school setting. A qualitative single case study design was used. Fifteen urban, middle school teachers who reported having experience with bullying behaviors were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through 60-minute, individual, semistructured interviews and a review of documents pertaining to bullying. Data were analyzed employing Braun's and Clarke's thematic analysis. All data were examined for patterns or commonalities across the various sources for emergent themes. The themes that emerged are signs of bullying, difficulty in identifying bullying, confidence in identifying bullying, initial steps to intervene, confidence in intervening, school policies and initiatives, perceptions of regulations and initiatives, and need for education and training. Teachers' perceptions may reflect an understanding of school bullying that involves a range of factors, including individual, school, community, and familial elements. Results of this study may support social change by serving as a basis for professional development for preparing teachers to recognize and intervene in school bullying, thereby allowing students to learn in nonthreatening school environments.
Origin Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosol Particles by Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We applied stable carbon isotope ratio (13C/12C) and radiocarbon (14C) analysis for the quantification of three main aerosol sources (coal, biomass and liquid fossil fuel derived aerosol emissions). Submicron aerosol samples (PM1) were collected from 27th October, 2014 to 19th January, 2015 at a suburban site of Vilnius city (Lithuania). To determine fossil and non-fossil contributions to submicron carbonaceous aerosol particles, 14C measurements of total carbon (TC) were performed using single stage accelerator mass spectrometer (SSAMS, NEC, USA). The concentrations of TC and δ13C in PM1 fraction were measured using elemental analyzer interfaced to isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS). The TC concentration during measurement period ranged from 1.3 to 9.6 µg m–3. The variation of TC concentrations can be explained by the influence of long-range transport and dispersion properties of the boundary layer (mixed layer depth). We found that biomass-derived aerosol sources are prevailing in Vilnius during wintertime and ranged from 57% to 84% of total carbonaceous aerosol fraction. Applying isotope mass balance calculations the traffic emissions were estimated to be 15 ± 7% and coal combustion made up 14 ± 9% in PM1. To provide better information about the pollution sources, the carbon isotope analysis along air mass transport pattern was performed. Our results demonstrated that the high contribution to PM1 from coal burning (up to 40%) was observed for air masses transported from highly industrialized Western Europe regions. Combination of stable carbon isotope ratio with the radiocarbon data allow to distinguish coal from liquid fossil fuel in the aerosol particle emissions.
Reasons behind providing futile medical treatments in Iran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Despite their negative consequences, evidence shows that futile medical treatments are still being provided, particularly to terminally ill patients. Uncovering the reasons behind providing such treatments in different religious and sociocultural contexts can create a better understanding of medical futility and help manage it effectively. Research objectives: This study was undertaken to explore Iranian nurses’ and physicians’ perceptions of the reasons behind providing futile medical treatments. Research design: This was a qualitative exploratory study. Study data were gathered through conducting in-depth semi-structured personal interviews and analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. Participants and research context: Twenty-one nurses and nine medical specialists were recruited purposively from four teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Nursing and Midwifery Research Center and the Research Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All participants gave informed consent for the research and that their anonymity was preserved. Findings: The main theme of the study was “having an obligation to provide medical treatments despite knowing their futility.” This theme consisted of three main categories including patients’ and family members’ request for continuing life-sustaining treatments, healthcare professionals’ personal motives, and organizational atmosphere and structure. Discussion and conclusion: Different personal and organizational factors contribute to providing futile medical treatments. Promoting the structure and the function of hospital ethics committees, establishing and developing home care facilities, increasing the number of palliative care centers and hospices, and educating healthcare professionals, patients, and family members about the services and the benefits of such centers can facilitate making wise decisions about continuing or discontinuing treatments which have been labeled as futile.
Characterization of Betacyanin Oxidation Catalyzed by a Peroxidase fromBeta vulgarisL. Roots

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A protein fraction with peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity against guaiacol from Beta vulgaris L. roots oxidized both betanidin and betanin (betanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside), the former being the more efficient substrate for the enzyme. The protein fraction contained three strongly basic perxidase isoenzymes. Betanidin quinone was formed as the only product in the course of enzymatic betanidin oxidation, whereas betalamic acid and several oxidized cyclo-DOPA 5-O-beta-D-glucoside polymers were generated during the oxidation of betanin. In accordance with the catalytic properties of peroxidase, a possible mechanism for betanidin oxidation is proposed. This mechanism includes the formation of a betanidin radical, which, by further dismutation, yields betanidin quinone and betanidin. The betanidin oxidation rate showed a Michaelis-type dependence on the substrate concentration. The apparent K(M) for the reaction was 0.46 mM. On the basis of the spectral properties of the enzyme responsible for both betanidin and betanin oxidations, its peroxidase nature is suggested.
Bad Cops at Home: An Exploratory Study of Officer-Involved Domestic Violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Officer-involved domestic violence is a problem that should concern researchers, policymakers, the policing community, and the general public. Yet there is very little research in the area and no official data is available to discern the nature and prevalence of domestic violence in police families. Victims are reluctant to report officer-involved domestic violence and often feel helpless in the criminal justice system where the abuser is employed. This is complicated by provisions of the Lautenberg Amendment of 1996 which prohibit anyone convicted of a crime of domestic violence from carrying a firearm. This study explores 324 cases of state and local police officers from agencies across the United States arrested during 2005-2007 for crimes involving family violence. The analysis includes an examination of preferential charging decisions in cases of officer-involved domestic violence, as well as other factors including case and employment outcomes.
Convolutional Neural Network Detecting Synthetic Cannabinoids

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p> We are presenting a convolutional neural network (CNN) application recognizing the class identity of synthetic cannabinoids based on their Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. The results indicate that this CNN system can be efficiently used to distinguish JWH synthetic cannabinoids from other substances of forensic interest, but also from other types of synthetic cannabinoids. One of the main advantages of the system is that it can also operate on mobile ATR-FTIR spectrometers used in field operations. </p>
COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The colon is the terminal part of the GIT which has gained in recent years as a potential site for delivery of various novel therapeutic drugs,i.e. peptides. However, colon i s rich in micro flora which can be used to target the drug release in the colon.colon targeted drug delivery system (CDDS) is an promising tool for local treatment of variety of bowel dise ulcerative colitis , chrohn's disease, amoebiasis, systemic delivery of protein and peptide.This review is focused on the potential opportunities & challenges available in novel area of colon targeted drug delivery system.It also includes comparison of primary approaches for CDDS i.e. pH controlled, Time controlled, polysaccharide based approach which have achieved limited success & had limitations as compared with novel CDDS namely pressure controlled, CODESTM, OROS -CT, Nanoparticle for CDDS,TARGIT technology, empowered drug delivery (GEDD), microsphere, COLAL targeting holds a great potential and still need more innovative work.
The effect of carbon and germanium on phase transformation of nickel on Si1−x−yGexCy epitaxial layers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The influence of carbon and germanium on phase transformation and sheet resistance of Ni on epitaxially grown Si1−x−yGexCy (0⩽x⩽0.24 and 0⩽y⩽0.01) layers annealed in a temperature range of 360 to 900 °C has been investigated. The role of strain relaxation or compensation in the reaction of Ni on Si1−x−yGexCy layers due to Ge or C out-diffusion to the underlying layer during the phase transformation has also been investigated. The formed NiSiGe layers were crystalline, with strong (020)/(013) growth orientation in the direction, but the thermal stability decreased rapidly with increasing Ge amount due to agglomeration. However, this thermal behavior was shifted to higher annealing temperatures when carbon was incorporated in the SiGe layers. A carbon accumulation at the interface of NiSiGeC/SiGeC has been observed even at low-temperature annealing, which is suggested to retard the phase transformation and agglomeration of Ni/SiGeC system.
PELATIHAN TEKNIK PARAFRASE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENULISAN ILMIAH MAHASISWA STKIP MELAWI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract:This community service program was conducted as an effort to address the low proficiency of students in producing accurate and effective paraphrases. The primary target of this training was final-year students working on their theses or dissertations, as well as students enrolled in research methodology courses. The training was implemented through three main stages: preparation, execution, and evaluation. The results indicate that the training successfully enhanced students' paraphrasing skills. Most participants demonstrated improved application of paraphrasing techniques and a deeper understanding of the importance of academic integrity.Keyword: Paraphrasing, Academic Proficiency, Academic Integrity, Training Abstrak: Kegiatan pengabdian ini diselenggarakan sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi rendahnya kemampuan mahasiswa dalam melakukan parafrase yang baik dan benar. Target utama pelatihan ini adalah mahasiswa tingkat akhir yang sedang menulis tugas akhir atau skripsi, serta mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah metodologi penelitian. Pelatihan dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan utama: persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pelatihan ini berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan parafrase mahasiswa. Sebagian besar mahasiswa berhasil mengaplikasikan teknik parafrase dengan lebih baik dan memahami pentingnya kejujuran akademik.Kata kunci: Parafrase, Kemampuan Akademik, Kejujuran Akademik, Pelatiha
Interfacial Behavior and Dechlorination Reaction of Water Droplet Impact on a Heated Extracted Titanium Tailing Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The interfacial behaviors of the droplet impact on a heated extracted titanium tailing surface are studied experimentally. The effects of surface temperatures and Weber numbers on the droplet spreading characteristics are examined. The factors affecting the mass fraction and dechlorination ratio of extracted titanium tailings under the action of interfacial behavior have been researched by thermogravimetric analysis. The compositions and microstructures of extracted titanium tailings are characterized using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The interfacial behaviors on the extracted titanium tailing surface are classified into four regimes, i.e., boiling-induced break-up, advancing recoiling, splash with a continuous liquid film, and splash with a broken film. The maximum spreading factors increase with the surface temperature and the Weber number. It is found that the surface temperature has a dominant influence on the spreading factors and interfacial effect, further affecting its chlorination reaction. SEM-EDS analysis revealed that the extracted titanium tailing particles are irregular shaped. There are some fine pores on the surface after the reaction. The main concentrations are Si, Al, and Ca oxides with a certain amount of C elements. The findings of this research provide a new pathway to utilize the extracted titanium tailings comprehensively.
Inseets Attacking Cordia macrostdchya (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult in the West Indies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is the second of a series of papers dealing with the life-histories of a number of insects attacking the black sage, Cordia macrostachya , in the West Indies, where search is being made for suitable species to use in an attempt at the biological control of the weed in Mauritius (Simmonds 1949). Schematiza , like Physonota alutacea , is a leaf-eating beetle, sometimes occurring in relatively large numbers on Cordia . It is very heavily parasitized in Trinidad, and as it appeared to be very suitable for introduction into Mauritius it was investigated in detail, both in the field and in the laboratory.
Book review: Raktima Mukhopadhyay, Itishree Pattnaik and Kuntala Lahiri Dutt, Becoming a Farmer: Women in Rural West Bengal, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Raktima Mukhopadhyay, Itishree Pattnaik and Kuntala Lahiri Dutt, Becoming a Farmer: Women in Rural West Bengal, India. Hyderabad, Telangana: Orient Blackswan Private Limited, 2023, 248 pp., ₹925, ISBN: 9789354426049 (Paperback).
Microarrays and Colon Cancer in the Road for Translational Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review covers recent aspects related with microarray technology and their application in colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers in the world and being one third of cancer related deaths. Since their origin, microarrays have been extensively used in oncological studies with the aim of unravelling the underlying biology of cancer, enabling translational medicine. Some microarray based applications have already been translated into clinics and approved by the regulatory agencies; these applications have been supported by biomedical informatics. In this work we will present different aspects and views related with microarrays and their applications in colon cancer and the biomedical informatics aspects related with this technology and its applications. The schema followed in this work is based on an introduction to microarray technologies and their applications; translational medicine as a consequence of the different approaches based on microarray technologies; data analysis of microarray data focused on gene expression studies in these applications represents 60% of microarray publications; aspects related with the quality of the experiments and the reproducibility of the analyses and technology; major databases for microarray datasets storage and the standards associated with microarray information; other biomedical informatics aspects different to those strictly associated with microarray data analysis; and finally future trends in microarrays in the scope of the relationship with nanotechnology. Keywords: Biomedical Informatics, colorectal cancer, databases, gene expression, microarrays, translational medicine, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Bioconductor, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease
Knock-down of miR-221 and miR-222 in the radiosensitization of breast cancer cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of knock-down of miR-221 and miR-222 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Antisense oligo-nucleotides of miR-221 and miR-222( AS-miR-221 and AS-miR-222), mediated by lipofectamine, were transfected to MCF-7 cells to knock down miR-221 and miR-222, Northern blotting was conducted to detect the expression of miR-221 and miR-222 in transfected cells. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytome-try and Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 activity assay. Clonogenic assay was used to measure the sensitizing en-hancement ratio. Target genes of miR-221 and miR-222 relevant to radio-sensitivity were searched using bioinformatic analysis . The targeted protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis . Results The expression of miR-221 and miR-222 in the AS-miR-221/222 cells determined by Northern blotting was significantly reduced. Compared with the control group, the cell apoptosis and mitotic cell death after the ra-diation were significantly higher in AS-miR-221/222 cells. The sensitizing enhancement ratio was 1.87. Based on bioinformatic analysis, PTEN was a target gene of miR-221 and miR-222 which could enhance the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells. In AS-miR-221/222 cells, the expression of PTEN was up-regulated while pAkt down-regulated. Conclusions AS-miR-221 and AS-miR-222 may enhance the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of PTEN.

Key words:
Cell lines; breast neoplasms; MicroRNA ; Radiosensitivity; PTEN protein
Aspects of Compliance Management of Patients with Schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Good compliance of patients with schizophrenia is an objective criteria of psychiatrist's work effectiveness. However often there is a vicious circle: lack of patient's insight causes refusal of therapy and without therapy according to opinion of many doctors insight is not achievable. In order to break this vicious circle the technique of operated compliance was developed. assessment of effectiveness of an operated compliance technique. First several months after the mental illness diagnosis the compliance is the highest since patient's family members mobilize all available resources to maintain «status quo». Noncompliance results from family's disappointment in therapy, the expected effect from which, doesn't correspond to the actual Timely involvement of the family during this period allows to bypass lack of patient's insight and helps to establish continuous supportive therapy. 100 patients first diagnosed with schizophrenia: 50 – experimental group, 50 – control group (had conventional inpatient and outpatient treatment). Length of observation 18±4 months. clinical-psychopathological, sociological. Endpoints: number of re-admissions, drug compliance, number of disabilities, family's satisfaction. Results Development of a drug compliance is a planned and controlled process that begins during the first visit to psychiatrist. Application of the studied technique allows to recruit patient's family to guarantee drug compliance