jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Charged-particle production in the electrogasdynamic generator

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Experiments have been performed on an electrogasdynamic generator utilising charged water droplets produced by using an atomiser in an electric-field region. This method of charged-particle production may offer certain advantages over corona systems. The mechanism of induction charging is well understood6 and Operates with a particularly simple electrode geometry. Problems of electrode errosion do not arise.
Karyotype and banding analyses on haploid males of the honey bee (apis mellifera).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chromosomes of spermatogonial cells from young larvae of Apis mellifera were analyzed by means of G- and C-banding techniques. They consist of 4 meta-centrics and 12 submeta- or subtelo-centrics. G-banding patterns so far as no. 1 to no. 6 and no. 14 to no. 16 were concerned, they were stably distinguished.Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and one from no. 8 to no. 16 showed C-bands. Even with these banding techniques, no sex chromosomes were found in this study.
Transport composite fuselage technology: Impact dynamics and acoustic transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A program was performed to develop and demonstrate the impact dynamics and acoustic transmission technology for a composite fuselage which meets the design requirements of a 1990 large transport aircraft without substantial weight and cost penalties. The program developed the analytical methodology for the prediction of acoustic transmission behavior of advanced composite stiffened shell structures. The methodology predicted that the interior noise level in a composite fuselage due to turbulent boundary layer will be less than in a comparable aluminum fuselage. The verification of these analyses will be performed by NASA Langley Research Center using a composite fuselage shell fabricated by filament winding. The program also developed analytical methodology for the prediction of the impact dynamics behavior of lower fuselage structure constructed with composite materials. Development tests were performed to demonstrate that the composite structure designed to the same operating load requirement can have at least the same energy absorption capability as aluminum structure.
Fig. S12 from Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PAFR expression was associated with pSrc, pJAK2, pStat3, or IL-6 expression in 90 primary human NSCLC specimens.</p>
Work and the workman: an address to the Trades' Union Congress

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I believe I am indebted for the privilege of addressing you today to the impression produced on the minds of some of your leaders by a discourse which I delivered at a recent meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. What I proposed to myself in that discourse was to show that certain prevailing ideas as to the constitution and method of Economic science required revision and amendment. Whilst recognizing the valuable work done by economists, and notably by Adam Smith, I endeavoured to show that many of them, by taking abstractions for realities, by drawing unverified deductions from a priori assumptions, and by giving to their conclusions, even when in a certain sense just, too absolute a character, missed the truth, and set up figments of their own imagination for laws of social life.
Anaesthesia in children with inherited neuromuscular diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Children with inherited neuromuscular diseases often require anaesthesia for diagnostic or therapy procedures. These patients have an increased risk of perioperative complications due to the nature of the disease and medications administered during anaesthesia. Many anaesthetics and muscle relaxants can aggravate the underlying disease and trigger life-threatening reactions (cardiorespiratory complications, malignant hyperthermia). Besides, the neuromuscular disorders are associated with atypical and undesirable responses to drugs used during anaesthesia and the perioperative period. The paper presents pathophysiological basis of inherited/genetic neuromuscular diseases and specific anaesthesiological problems. The recommendations are suggested with the aim to make the perioperative course in children optimally safe.
Matemática fora e dentro da escola: Pescadores e Calafates: Maths In and Out of School: Fishermen and Ship Caulkers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The theoretical conception of this study focuses upon ethnomathematics and its
several components, mostly in the scope of both investigative and educational matters.
Investigative since it aims to collect/ recover mathematical knowledge of the everyday
lives of two piscatorial communities, i.e. Câmara de Lobos and Caxinas. Educational in
the extent that it intends to retrieve and bring this mathematical knowledge around to
the classroom, helping the teacher to improve the quality of both teaching and learning
Mathematics methods.
In a former stage of the study data has been collected in the piscatorial
environments of Câmara de Lobos and Caxinas, among ship caulkers (in the context of
building boats) and among fishermen and their relatives in their everyday lives. The
collected data fits in the mathematical themes of proportionality and proportional
reasoning. In this context the embraced methodology fits the qualitative approach
research with prevalence of ethnography and multiple case studies, within the premises
of the interpretive paradigm. Therefore data collection instruments include participant
observation, document analysis (ship designs and tasks applied within the classroom),
video recordings, field notes and interviews. The use of the former enabled the data
collection among the fishing communities of Câmara de Lobos and Caxinas. After
transcribing both the ship caulkers’ testimonies and the data collected from the field
notes, the data was selected, abridged, organised into categories and subsequently
analysed and presented in a descriptive way with a strong interpretive stress.
Based on the data collected after long hours amidst the piscatory environment, a
set of tasks was designed (in the mathematical context of proportional reasoning), based
on problem solving. After being validated both by the participants and a board of
specialists in Mathematics education and ethnomathematics were applied within the
classroom of two distinct contexts: one of a piscatorial environment (i.e. Caxinas - Vila
do Conde), the other of a different nature (control group – Vila Nova de Famalicao).
Moreover the above set of tasks was applied in two different stages: prior the formal
teaching of direct proportion (PFTDP) and following the formal teaching of direct
proportion (FFTDP). The main goal of this action was to search similarities and/ or
disparities among the two schools (due to their cultural environment) and amidst the
two stages to find out whether or not the formal teaching of mathematics would
influence the students’ results whilst dealing with the same mathematical tasks. Each school represents a case study, thus from the tasks application in their classrooms arises
the multiple case studies using data collection instruments such as participant
observation, document analysis (tasks), interviews and video recordings. The huge
amount of raw data collected was then transcribed, coded, assigned into categories and
subcategories and later grouped in a matrix. After analysing the…
A New Approach for Interpreting TEM Data in Time Domain

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Based on the relaxation effect of electromagnetic field,a new approach was established for interpreting central loop TEM acquired data.By 3-dimensional modeling of the responses of center loop TEM,the characteristics of the responses of a buried target geological body at different depthes or with different electrical parameters was studied.The technique is used for surveying a cave of water reservoir,better effect is obtained,the result of hole drilling shows that a 2m diameter karst cave is discovered at 34m,,it is consistent with the result of interpretation.
Dynamics of intravital concentration of amino acid metabolites in human brain in post-traumatic period

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Intracellular concentrations of N acetyaspartate (NAA), aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) were determined for the first time in human brain in vivo, and the effect of severe traumatic brain injury on NAA synthesis in acute and late post-traumatic period was investigated. In MRI‑negative frontal lobes one day after injury Asp and Glu levels were found to decrease by 45 and 35%, respectively, while NAA level decreased by only 16%. A negative correlation between NAA concentration and the ratio of Asp/Glu concentrations was found. In the long-term period, Glu level returned to normal, Asp level remained below normal by 60%, NAA level was reduced by 65% relative to normal, and Asp/Glu ratio significantly decreased. The obtained results revealed leading role of the neuronal aspartate-malate shuttle in violation of NAA synthesis.
Abstract A73: Human granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in metastatic breast cancer patients is a heterogeneous population with angiogenic potential in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract MDSCs are potent immunosuppressive myeloid cells that have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. In humans, MDSCs are divided into Mo-GMDSCs and G-MDSCs subgroups, depending on their surface phenotype and function. While their immunosuppressive properties have been extensively studied, knowledge about their origin and their tumor-promoting functions per se remains scarce. In this study, we demonstrate that G-MDSCs are significantly enriched in the peripheral blood of locoregional recurrent metastatic breast cancer (LRR/MBC) compared to healthy donors. The G-MDSCs display a heterogeneous population with a morphology representing one blast-like and one polymorphonuclear (PMN) population. In a breast cancer xenograft model, co-transplanting G-MDSCs sorted from LRR/MBC together with breast cancer cells significantly promoted angiogenesis and tumor growth. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed that G-MDSCs from LRR/MBC rather clustered with neutrophils from healthy donors, sharing similar expression in genes relevant for angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and immunosuppression, but surprisingly not with G-MDSCs from sepsis patients. We conclude that enrichment of G-MDSCs in metastatic breast cancer represents a heterogeneous population of activated neutrophils that can promote angiogenesis and tumor progression, and immature blasts of yet unknown character. Citation Format: Meliha Mehmeti, Caroline Bergenfelz, Daniel Bexell, Robert Carlsson, Rebecka Hellsten, Anna-Maria Larsson, Niklas Loman, Kristian Riesbeck, Jonas Ahl, Camilla Rydberg-Millrud, Gesine Paul-Visse, Lisa Rydén, Fredrika Killander, Karin Leandersson. Human granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in metastatic breast cancer patients is a heterogeneous population with angiogenic potential in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A73.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-[2-Methyl-5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-3-Thienyl]-2-[2-Methyl-5-(4-Pentylphenyl)-3-Thienyl]Perfluorocyclopentene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene which called 1-[2-methyl-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-pentylphenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene ( 1a ) was synthesized and its properties such as photochromism and fluorescence were investigated in detail. The results showed that this compound undergo reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in both solution and a PMMA film.
Divide and conquer: high-accuracy and real-time 3D reconstruction of static objects using multiple-phase-shifted structured light illumination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiple-phase-shifted structured light illumination achieves high-accuracy 3D reconstructions of static objects, while typically it can’t achieve real-time phase computation. In this paper, we propose to compute modulations and phases of multiple scans in real time by using divide-and-conquer solutions. First, we categorize total N = KM images into M groups and each group contains K phase equally shifted images; second, we compute the phase of each group; and finally, we obtain the final phase by averaging all the separately computed phases. When K = 3, 4 or 6, we can use integer-valued intensities of images as inputs and build one or M look-up tables storing real-valued phases computed by using arctangent function. Thus, with addition and/or subtraction operations computing indices of the tables, we can directly access the pre-computed phases and avoid time-consuming arctangent computation. Compared with K -step phase measuring profilometry repeated for M times, the proposed is robust to nonlinear distortion of structured light systems. Experiments show that, first, the proposed is of the same accuracy level as the traditional algorithm, and secondly, with employing one core of a central processing unit, compared with the classical 12-step phase measuring profilometry algorithm, for K = 4 and M = 3, the proposed improves phase computation by a factor of 6 ×.
The Future of Proteomics is Up in the Air: Can Ion Mobility Replace Liquid Chromatography for High Throughput Proteomics?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The coevolution of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) has shaped contemporary proteomics. LC hyphenated to MS now enables quantification of more than 10,000 proteins in a single injection, a number that likely represents most proteins in specific human cells or tissues. Separations by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have recently emerged to complement LC and further improve the depth of proteomics. Given the theoretical advantages in speed and robustness of IMS in comparison to LC, we envision that ongoing improvements to IMS paired with MS may eventually make LC obsolete, especially when combined with targeted or simplified analyses, such as rapid clinical proteomics analysis of defined biomarker panels. In this perspective, we describe the need for faster analysis that might drive this transition, the current state of direct infusion proteomics, and discuss some technical challenges that must be overcome to fully complete the transition to entirely gas phase proteomics.
Cyber Physical Test System - a novel approach in testing for the Embedded Systems Industry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in the Embedded Systems Industry face manifold challenges to launch their products within a limited cost frame. Usually their production lots are relatively small and do not justify to invest in sophisticated test systems also because their products are cost sensitive. SMEs in this industry usually do not have production and test facilities in their own premises and commission these tasks to external production and test providers. If a supplier is abroad it becomes difficult to control the task remotely and protect the intellectual property (IP) of the product from being reverse engineered. The proposed Cyber Physical Test System (CPTS) addresses both price sensitivity and remote IP protection. In its first approach the CPTS's intended DUTs (device under test) are printed circuit boards (PCBs) of limited or medium complexity but containing at least one processing element. For achieving remote IP protection, the CPTS relies on a so-called "Testcloud" for test-management. The commissioning client keeps full control about the test procedures. The DUT-attached CPTS main component is not able to perform any activity without access to the Testcloud. To achieve the price-sensitivity goal but maintain a reasonable quality of test CPTS-modules will make use of FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) from the low-cost price region.
Preserving popular music heritage in Hungary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter offers a critical overview of current discourses, practices and institutions around the preservation of popular music history and heritage in Hungary. I look at, firstly, the heritage sub-programme of the Cseh Tamás Programme as an example of a state-funded popular music heritage initiative, which involves events such as a talk series, a film club, conferences, the unveiling of plaques commemorating popular musicians and places, published books, online sources of oral history, as well as an interactive pop history 'walk' supported by a mobile phone application. Secondly, the Budapest Rock Hall of Fame, which houses a collection open to the public and is financed and maintained through individual donations, sponsorship, voluntary work and, more recently, the Cseh Tamás Programme itself. Through these examples, I argue that certain styles, namely those fitting within a 'rockist' aesthetic, have appeared as more worthy of representation and preservation than others, such as (working class) punk or pop. I also point to the construction of popular music 'history' in heritage discourse as beginning with the 1960s and lasting up until the 1989–1990 turn, with the post-socialist period being constructed as 'present' and therefore outside of the scope of heritage initiatives.
Employing a Mock Trial in a Criminology Course: An Applied Learning Experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

L'A. porte son attention sur l'enseignement dans le domaine de la criminologie aux Etats-Unis. Il presente une methode qui permet d'analyser des situations concretes et offre aux etudiants la possibilite d'appliquer leurs connaissances theoriques. Il signale que cette methode de simulation fait intervenir un «faux» tribunal charge de resoudre de veritables affaires criminelles. Il souligne l'interet pedagogique de ce tribunal et examine de quelle maniere il est percu par les etudiants
Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A measurement is presented of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Using the CMS detector at the LHC, the inelastic cross section is measured through two independent methods based on information from (i) forward calorimetry (for pseudorapidity 3 < abs(eta) < 5), in collisions where at least one proton loses more than 5E-6 of its longitudinal momentum, and (ii) the central tracker (abs(eta) < 2.4), in collisions containing an interaction vertex with more than 1, 2, or 3 tracks with transverse momenta pT > 200 MeV. The measurements cover a large fraction of the inelastic cross section for particle production over about 9 units of pseudorapidity and down to small transverse momenta. The results are compared with those of other experiments, and with models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions.
A case of mistaken identity: An unusual presentation of neoplastic meningitis and a reminder of the hallmark features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This case offers an opportunity for education on the manifestations of neoplastic meningitis, a revision of the hallmark investigative features, and a reminder of the utilization of lumbar puncture in investigating unexplained neurological symptoms. Additionally, it emphasises the need for clinicians to avoid "diagnostic anchoring" when faced with recurrent attenders.
Weak Cosmic Censorship in Kerr-Sen Black Hole under Charged Scalar Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for Kerr-Sen black holes, which are solutions to the four-dimensional low-energy effective field theory for the heterotic string theory, based on the scattering of a charged scalar field. When the fluxes of the scalar field are assumed to transfer its conserved quantities to the black hole, extremal and near-extremal black holes cannot be over-spun and over-charged in their first-order variations, which is sufficient to conclude that the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is valid for Kerr-Sen black holes. We confirm our conclusion by relating it to the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics.
Screen and Pharmacodynamic Action of Chinese Materia Medica for Prevention and Cure Embryo Implantation Dysfunction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To screen Chinese materia medica for prevention and cure embryo implantation dysfunction,mouse model with embryo implantation dysfunction was established by injected subcutaneously with mifepristone.Complex prescription composed of such Chinese materia medica as Salvia miltiorrhiza,Radix astragali,Szechwan lovage rhizome,Radix scutellariae,Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae,Semen cuscutae,Herba taxilli,Radix dipsaci,Radix codonopsis,Radix angelicae sinensis and some of them were evaluated in the model,pregnancy rate(PR),number of embryo implantation,progestin(P4),estradiol(E2) and ratio of progestin to estradiol(P4/E2) were the main index.The results of the screen test showed that PR was significantly higher in prescription 3 group than that in prescription 1 group,Semen cuscutae group and Radix dipsaci group(P0.05),and was higher than those in the prescription 2 group and control group,which indicated that prescription 3 was benefit to embryo implantation in mice.Pharmacodynamic test showed that PR was extreme significantly higher in tocolysis group than those in the control group and high-dose group(P0.01),and was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group(P0.05).Serum P4 level and P4/E2 were extreme significantly higher in the tocolysis group than those in the high-dose group,low-dose group,control group and health group(P0.01),and P4/E2 was significantly higher in the tocolysis group than that in middle-dose group(P0.05),while E2 level in serum was significantly lower in the tocolysis group,low-dose group and health group than that in the high-dose group and the control group(P0.05).P4 level in serum was significantly higher in the middle-dose group than that in the control group(P0.05).In conclusion,prescription 3 could improve progestin level in serum and the ratio of progestin to estradiol in mice,which were helpful for embryo implantation.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Treatment of End-Stage Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Shoulder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose: Natural history of the rheumatoid shoulder will lead to upward migration, medialization and flattening of the humeral head causing loss of motion. Mechanically reversed shoulder Arthroplasty can prevent upward migration of humerus and restore shoulder motion. We evaluated pain relief and shoulder function after reversed Arthroplasty in RA; determined the rate of scapular notching; and determined the complication rate
Patients and Methods: We identified 76 reverse shoulder artroplasties with RA from consecutive RA patients having the surgery from 2007 to 2013. Mean follow-up was 27 months (range 12-84) and mean age at operation was 70 years (range49-90) all patients were evaluated preoperatively and at follow-up study by an independent observer (our physiotherapists). Level of pain, range of motion were recorded and radiographes taken and analyzed by an orthopaedic surgeon.
Results: Visual Analog Scale score for pain at motion decreased from 7.0 to 1.0 and score for pain at rest from 4.0 to 1.0. Some kind of complication developed to 11 (14%) patients. Notching occurred in 32% of shoulders but no loosening was seen.
Interpretation: Reverse shoulder Arthroplasty improved shoulder functions with a low incidence of complications in Rheumatoid Arthritis. We believe it should be used more often in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis because the results with familiar total shoulders are disappointing in rheumatoid patients.