jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antifungal mechanisms of action by dendritic cell lysosome proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and can cause cryptococcal meningitis. Approximately 152,000 cases of cryptococcal meningitis occur annually in HIV/AIDS patients, leading to 112,000 yearly deaths. Very few antifungal drugs are available to treat cryptococcal infection, and those are ineffective or toxic. In addition, fungal pathogens such as C. neoformans have become resistant to many types of treatment. Previous studies in our lab showed that proteins from the dendritic cell (DC) lysosome have antifungal activity against C. neoformans, including NOSTRIN, human neutrophil elastase (HNE), matrix metalloproteinase 25 (MMP25), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and coronin. In this study, we tested the antifungal activity of the compound NOSTRIN against the C. neoformans strain H99 using different concentrations of the drug. First, we calculated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, fluorescence microscopy was used to examine structural changes in C. neoformans post-treatment, and mutant libraries were utilized to find genes that exhibited resistance or susceptibility to NOSTRIN. Results showed that NOSTRIN had a similar MIC to the antifungal drug Amphotericin B, with NOSTRIN around 0.25 ug/ml and Amphotericin B around 2 ug/ml. Fluorescence microscopy showed that fungal cells treated with NOSTRIN are releasing intracellular contents following incubation, indicating damage to the fungal cell wall or membrane. Mutant library analysis showed that the deletion of genes such as INM101 increased the percent of surviving mutant cells, while the deletion of NDX2 or PPT1 decreases the percent of surviving mutants. In future studies, we will continue to examine NOSTRIN and other antifungal DC lysosome proteins utilizing microscopy and cryptococcal mutant libraries in order to identify their mechanism(s) of antifungal activity. By researching the presented topics, we hope to gain a better understanding of the effects that these proteins have on C. neoformans, which could potentially lead to more effective therapies for cryptococcosis.
Circadian rhythms and photic entrainment of swimming activity in cave-dwelling fishAstyanax mexicanus(Actinopterygii: Characidae), from El Sotano La Tinaja, San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Circadian regulation has a profound adaptive meaning in timing the best performance of biological functions in a cyclic niche. However, in cave-dwelling animals (troglobitic), a lack of photic cyclic environment may represent a disadvantage for persistence of circadian rhythms. There are different populations of cave-dwelling fish Astyanax mexicanus in caves of the Sierra El Abra, Mexico, with different evolutive history. In the present work, we report that fish collected from El Sótano la Tinaja show circadian rhythms of swimming activity in laboratory conditions. Rhythms observed in some of the organisms entrain to either continuous light–dark cycles or discrete skeleton photoperiods tested. Our results indicate that circadian rhythm of swimming activity and their ability to entrain in discrete and continuous photoperiods persist in some organisms that might represent one of the oldest populations of cave-dwelling A. mexicanus in the Sierra El Abra.
INVESTIGATION OF BIODEGRADATION OF FERROUS (II) CYANIDE COMPLEX IONS BY CALCIUM ALGINATE GEL IMMOBILIZED Pseudomonas Fluoresceins BACTERIA IN A PACKED BED COLUMN REACTOR

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria Is known to be capable of utilizing cyanides as the sole source of nitrogen. In the present study, biodégradation of ferrous (II) cyanide complex ions (ferrocyanide) by calcium alginate gel immobilized P. fluorescens bacteria was investigated as a function of ferrocyanide concentration, feed flow rate and column length in a packed bed reactor. The results indicated that substrate inhibition began at ferrocyanide concentrations larger than 0.4 kg/m3. Maximum ferrocyanide removal rate was observed at a flow rate of 0.0051 cm3/s (pH=5, 25°C) and an initial ferrocyanide concentration of 0.1 kg/m3.
MicroRNAs in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells as Potential Biomarkers in Hypertensive Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression and play an important role in ventricular and vascular remodeling. However, there are limited data regarding their role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to assess gene expression of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-21, miR-208b, miR-499, and miR-26b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in hypertensive patients with HFpEF and to evaluate their association with their exercise capacity. METHODS We included 56 hypertensive patients with HFpEF (age 67.29 ± 7.75 years). Forty-two hypertensive patients without HFpEF (age 66.83 ± 7.17 years) served as controls. All subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPXT). PBMCs were isolated and levels of miRs were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS For hypertensive patients with HFpEF, higher expression levels in PBMCs were found only for miR-26b (7.6 ± 7.3 vs. 4.0 ± 3.6, P = 0.002), miR-208b (28.8 ± 35.3 vs. 7.5 ± 13.3, P &lt; 0.001), and miR-499 (14.2 ± 22.4 versus 3.5 ± 2.9, P = 0.001). The strongest correlations with CPXT parameters were found for miR-208b levels, which had a positive correlation with maximal oxygen uptake (peakVO2) (r = 0.671, P &lt; 0.001), exercise duration (r = 0.445, P = 0.001), and minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) (r = 0.437, P = 0.001) in the HFpEF group. CONCLUSIONS miR-26b, miR-208b, and miR-499 show a distinct in profile in hypertensive patients with HFpEF that is related with functional capacity. Further studies are needed to assess the role of miRs as prognostic tools or as therapeutic targets in those patients.
Self-Compassion as a Way to Embrace Loneliness in University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the relationship between self-compassion and loneliness in university students. Three hundred and twenty-nine registered university students in Jabodetabek that were recruited through purposive sampling participated in the study. Self-compassion was measured using Skala Welas Diri and loneliness was measured using UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3. Data was analyzed using linear regression and Pearson correlation to observe the relationship between components of self-compassion and loneliness. Results shows that self-compassion significantly predicts loneliness in students and self-compassion components are related to loneliness. The results suggest that self-compassion training may benefit the students to alleviate their loneliness.
Facing the Normative Challenges: The Potential of Reflexive Historical Research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores methodological problems of qualitative research templates, that is, the Eisenhardt and the Gioia case study approaches, which are relevant for the business and society (B&S) scholarship and outlines a reflexive historical research methodology that has the potential to face these challenges. Building on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, we draw critical attention to qualitative B&S research and frame the methodological problems identified as the normative challenges of qualitative research, that is, to productively deal with both the researchers’ norms and the research subjects’ norms. We then introduce the reflexive historical case study (RHCS), a distinct research strategy to face normative challenges based on philosophical hermeneutics and the interpretive tradition of studying organizations. This research approach aims at theory elaboration while its mode of enquiry is reflexive. By explicating three of its key characteristics and using a case example to illustrate our approach, we demonstrate how B&S scholars can benefit from the “temporal filter” of the historical lens and from reflexive concerns about the nature of theory and empirical material. To tap the potential of historical research, we finally envision a research program for studying issues and debates associated with B&S scholarship.
Speech recognition techniques using linear prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Speech recognition is cast as a problem in general recognition theory. Linear prediction methods are presented as ways of characterizing spectral information in the speech waveform for use in speech recognition systems. Linear prediction equations are developed from an all-pole speech production model. Two variations of linear prediction are discussed: the autocorrelation method and the covariance method. Fortran programs for analyzing speech data using these techniques are given.
THERAPY OF TOXOPLASMIC RETINOCHOROIDITIS-Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr. Perkins' letter was referred to Dr. Acers, offers the following reply.

To the Editor:

Dr. Perkins' letter brings out several most valid and pertinent points. First, he is entirely correct in his statistical analysis of the "relevant" group of patients with posterior chorioretinitis and positive dye test. I misinterpreted his initial presentation and did include all cases with a positive dye-test titer regardless of site of involvement, that is, anterior, posterior, and panuveitis. Perhaps a brief abstract of this statistical presentation is in order for summary and clarification. Dr. Perkins' combined series of patients included a total of 164 uveitis cases. Of this total number of patients 60 presented with an active posterior uveitis. Forty-four patients in this group presented with posterior uveitis and a positive toxoplasmosis dye test. No definitive description of these posterior lesions is given. Twenty-nine of these patients are then discussed in regard to
Collection No Longer on Display: Restoring Medieval England’s Arabic Books to View

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A dominant cultural perception of the Middle Ages – manifested in the Victoria and Albert Museum's segregation of its ‘Medieval' and ‘Islamic Gallery' rooms – falsely positions England as isolated from its global influences. In reality, the translation of Arabic books, and the contacts necessary for that translation, transformed English culture. In a medieval context, ‘translation' refers both to the movement of a text between languages and the movement of relics. The arrival of Arabic books reflects these two meanings. In medieval England, Arabic books were materially and spiritually valuable; they were treasured, collected items, and collections in their own right – anthologies which acted as libraries, emulating the Islamicate archives from which they had travelled. This essay considers two case studies drawn from the Canterbury Tales: Chaucer's direct translation of the astrologer Sahl Ibn Bishr, in the Man of Law's Tale, and of the alchemist Muhammed Ibn Umail, in the Canon's Yeoman's Tale. Although Chaucer is known today as the ‘father of English', his medieval and early modern readers were aware of his indebtedness to inherited Arabic science. I argue that centring the Arabic presence in Chaucer’s works is no modern innovation, but a return to a traditional way of reading the Canterbury Tales which can be seen in practice in manuscript and early printed records. Surviving medieval English versions of Arabic texts offer material witnesses of cross-cultural dialogue, which deserve to be displayed and read.
Three Different Cone Opsin Gene Array Mutational Mechanisms; Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Functional Investigation of Cone Opsin Variants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in the OPN1LW (L-) and OPN1MW (M-)cone opsin genes underlie a spectrum of cone photoreceptor defects from stationary loss of color vision to progressive retinal degeneration. Genotypes of 22 families with a range of cone disorders were grouped into three classes: deletions of the locus control region (LCR); missense mutation (p.Cys203Arg) in an L-/M-hybrid gene; and exon 3 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interchange haplotypes in an otherwise normal gene array. Moderate-to-high myopia was observed in all mutation categories. Individuals with LCR deletions or p.Cys203Arg mutations were more likely to have nystagmus and poor vision, with disease progression in some p.Cys203Arg patients. Three disease-associated exon 3 SNP haplotypes encoding LIAVA, LVAVA, or MIAVA were identified in our cohort. These patients were less likely to have nystagmus but more likely to show progression, with all patients over the age of 40 years having marked macular abnormalities. Previously, the haplotype LIAVA has been shown to result in exon 3 skipping. Here, we show that haplotypes LVAVA and MIAVA also result in aberrant splicing, with a residual low level of correctly spliced cone opsin. The OPN1LW/OPN1MW:c.532A>G SNP, common to all three disease-associated haplotypes, appears to be principally responsible for this mutational mechanism.
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Chitosan Local Medicine Composite Membrane Material

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study uses natural polymer polysaccharide chitosan as film material, and prepares Quercetin-chitosan oral ulcer composite film in order to improve permeability of the drug to ulcer position reaching the delay-releasing effect. we uses this film in the oral ulcer animal model to verify its curative effect and discuss its mechanism in order to lay the foundation for further clinical application.
The Effect of Annealing and Cold-drawing on the Super-elasticity of the Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy Wire

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Annealing combined with cold-drawing are the necessary method in the processing of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy thin wires. In this paper, the annealing temperature scan of 450~800?, time scan of 20min~3h and the cold-drawing amount of 6.9%~39% were chosen, and their effects on the thermo and mechanical performance of the Ni-50.5a.t.%Ti alloy wires have been studied. The DSC and tensile-recovery tests were adopted to obtain the phase transformation temperatures and mechanical hysteresis of the Ni-Ti SMA wires with different treatment conditions. The results show that the phase transition temperature of Ni-Ti wire can be changed by varying the annealing temperature and time; cold-drawing deformation and subsequent annealing have a great influence on the super-elasticity. Meanwhile, the surface oxide film and the flake cracks were obtained by SEM scanning. To obtain the best super-elasticity with the maximum cold working amount of 39%, the process with 39% cold drawing amount, 600 ? and 20 min annealing is shown to be effective.
Copies of the complutensian Polyglott on Vellum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Copies of the complutensian Polyglott on Vellum Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s3-IV, Issue 100, 28 November 1863, Page 431, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-IV.100.431f Published: 28 November 1863
High temperature operation of 1.26 &#x03BC;m ridge waveguide laser with InGaAs metamorphic buffer on GaAs substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have successfully developed a 1.26 μm ridge waveguide laser diode with an InGaAs metamorphic buffer on an GaAs substrate grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. This laser has achieved the highest operating temperature (188 °C) reported for a metamorphic laser.
A Multichannel Time-Tagged Time-Resolved (TTTR) Model\nfor Quantification of Oligomer Concentrations Based on Antibunching\nEffect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecule/protein\naggregation causes many devastating and incurable\ndiseases in human bodies. For example, studies have revealed that\nprotein oligomers formed at the early stage are toxic and may be mostly\nresponsible for some diseases. In the fundamental research, differentiation\nof different protein oligomers and quantification of the concentrations\nare important and challenging. Here, we have developed a multichannel\ntime-tagged time-resolved (TTTR) confocal fluorescence model based\non antibunching effect to solve the problem. The key point of the\nmodel is that <i>n</i>-oligomers labeled with <i>n</i>-dyes cannot emit more than <i>n</i> photons at one time.\nBy assuming that all labeling dyes behave perfectly as noninteractive\nindividual dyes, the analytic relationship between photon-emission\nprobability and oligomer concentrations has been derived. Simulations\nhave been carried out to verify the model, in which differentiation\nand concentration quantification of up to tetraoligomers can be realized\nwith a relative error <10% in an eight-channel TTTR confocal setup\nwith eight single-photon detectors.
Situational Social Influence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter presents the situational social influence explanation of organizational wrongdoing. This explanation is the second of five alternative accounts of wrongdoing considered in the book. It is rooted in a theoretical perspective that views organizations as systems of localized social interaction, and views organizational participants as by nature or necessity attentive to the attitudes and behaviors of those in their immediate environment. The chapter elaborates three forms of situational social influence that inform explanations of organizational wrongdoing considered in previous chapters: social information processing, groupthink, and definition of the situation. It also elaborates forms of situational influence that charter entirely new territory, including the norm of reciprocity, group dynamics, social comparison and liking-based compliance, and commitment to a failing course of action (which is considered in depth). The chapter concludes with an overall assessment of the situational social influence explanation.
CORRECTING SOIL VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENTS FROM A DIRECT-READING TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY INSTRUMENT (IRAMS)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Determination of volumetric soil water content (θ) using time domain reflectometry (TDR) is well established. A commercially available instrument (IRAMS) (the IRAMS (Instrument for Reflectometry Analysis of Moisture in Soils) is a trademark registered by Foundation Instruments Inc. of Ottawa) is now available which incorporates computer software, thus providing direct readouts of θ. A field study of the operation of the IRAMS showed that it operates consistently and repeatedly. The IRAMS values were higher but related linearly to those obtained using a TDR cable tester and manual calculations of travel times. A linear correction of the IRAMS readings is proposed and possible causes are suggested for the observed deviations from expected values. Key words: Time domain, reflectometry, soil water content, field
LOCATION, PRICE, AND WELFARE IN THE OLIGOPOLY WITH ONE ONLINE FIRM

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We utilize a barbell model, in which both the physical firms’ costs and markets are asymmetric, to examine the effects of increasing the number of firms by introducing one online firm into the markets on physical firms’ location choices, outputs, price, and welfare under Cournot competition. We show that introducing one online firm may induce the two physical firms to switch their optimal locations from agglomeration at the urban market to separate at different markets, may decline the total sales and raise the price level in the urban market, and may worsen the welfare level.
MeerTRAP: 12 Galactic fast transients detected in a real-time, commensal MeerKAT survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT MeerTRAP is a real-time untargeted search project using the MeerKAT telescope to find single pulses from fast radio transients and pulsars. It is performed commensally with the MeerKAT large survey projects (LSPs), using data from up to 64 of MeerKAT’s 13.96 m dishes to form hundreds of coherent beams on sky, each of which is processed in real time to search for millisecond-duration pulses. We present the first 12 Galactic sources discovered by MeerTRAP, with DMs in the range of 33–381 pc cm−3. One source may be Galactic or extragalactic depending on the Galactic electron density model assumed. Follow-up observations performed with the MeerKAT, Lovell, and Parkes radio telescopes have detected repeat pulses from 7 of the 12 sources. Pulse periods have been determined for four sources. Another four sources could be localized to the arcsecond-level using a novel implementation of the tied-array beam localization method.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 288 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Philadelphus texensis" ] } The dataset includes 288 records from 19 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0064397-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
More Is More: Semiannual Breast MRI Screening in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although annual MRI screening has improved early diagnosis of hereditary breast cancer, fast growth rates of BRCA1-associated cancers can still lead to interval cancers and/or node-positive disease. Using MRI with shorter screening intervals helps to effectively avoid both interval cancers and node-positive stages, whereas there is no role for mammography in these women. See related article by Guindalini et al., p. 1786
Targeted therapy against matrixmetalloproteinase, matrilysin.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼのファミリーであるマトリライシンは, 発現が癌細胞にみられることが特徴で, 癌の浸潤・転移に直接的に関与していることが示唆されてきた. 食道癌・胃癌・大腸癌・膵癌・肝細胞癌など, ほとんど全ての消化器癌においてその発現を認めており, いずれの癌種類においても60～70%の症例に発現を認め, 特に浸潤先進部での発現が特徴的である. 我々は, 癌浸潤先進部におけるマトリライシンの発現が食道癌・大腸癌において患者予後を決定する重要な因子であることを見出し, 報告してきた. また, マトリライシン遺伝子の導入実験により, マトリライシンが大腸癌細胞の浸潤能・転移能を増強しうることも明らかにしている. 大腸癌細胞における発現をATRAで抑制したところ, 癌細胞の基底膜浸潤能が有意に抑制されることが明らかになった. ATRAおよびアンチセンスマトリライシンの応用により臨床応用が可能であることが考えられた.
Analytical Investigation of Glaciation Time in Mixed-Phase Adiabatic Cloud Volumes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Glaciation in mixed-phase adiabatic cloudy parcels is investigated analytically using two new equations: the equation for coexistence of liquid water and ice and the mass balance equation. The analysis of glaciation time is performed for a vertically moving adiabatic mixed-phase cloud parcel. The effects of vertical velocity, liquid water content, and concentrations of ice particles, liquid droplets, temperature, and other parameters on the glaciation process are discussed. It is shown analytically that, for a certain envelope of vertical velocities, the glaciation time depends only on the vertical displacement of the parcel and does not depend on the trajectory along which the cloud parcel travels toward the glaciation point. Analytical dependencies of the glaciation time and of the altitude of glaciation on vertical velocity are presented. The results demonstrate a good agreement with those obtained using the corresponding parcel model. The limitations of the newly proposed approach are discussed as well, and it is shown that implementation of a simple correction factor allows one to calculate the glaciation time within a wide range of temperatures, from 0° down to −30°C.