jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Endothelial Permeability in Murine Atherosclerosis Using an Albumin-Binding Contrast Agent

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherosclerosis and precedes acute cardiovascular events. We investigated whether in vivo magnetic resonance imaging with the use of an albumin-binding contrast agent, gadofosveset, could detect endothelial damage associated with atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE −/− ) mice. Furthermore, we tested whether magnetic resonance imaging could noninvasively assess endothelial function by measuring the endothelial-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine. Methods and Results— ApoE −/− mice were imaged at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after commencement of a high-fat diet. Statin-treated ApoE −/− mice were scanned after 12 weeks of a high-fat diet. Wild-type mice were imaged before and 48 hours after injection of Russell's viper venom, an endothelial toxin. Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and T1 mapping of the brachiocephalic artery, 30 minutes after injection of gadofosveset, showed increased vessel wall enhancement and relaxation rate (R 1 ) with progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− (R 1 [s −1 ]: R 4 weeks 2.42±0.35, R 8 weeks 3.45±0.54, R 12 weeks 3.83±0.52) and Russell's viper venom–injected wild-type mice (R 1 =4.57±0.86). Conversely, wild-type (R 1 =2.15±0.34) and statin-treated ApoE −/− (R 1 =3.0±0.65) mice showed less enhancement. Uptake of gadofosveset correlated with Evans blue staining, morphological changes of endothelial cells, and widening of the cell-cell junctions, suggesting that uptake occurs in regions of increased vascular permeability. Endothelial-dependent vasomotor responses showed vasoconstriction of the arteries of the ApoE −/− (−22.22±7.95%) and Russell's viper venom–injected (−10.37±17.60%) mice compared with wild-type mice (32.45±12.35%). Statin treatment improved endothelium morphology and function (−8.12±8.22%). Conclusions— We demonstrate the noninvasive assessment of endothelial permeability and function with the use of an albumin-binding magnetic resonance contrast agent. Blood albumin leakage could be a surrogate marker for the in vivo evaluation of interventions that aim to restore the endothelium.
Relation extraction using label propagation based semi-supervised learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shortage of manually labeled data is an obstacle to supervised relation extraction methods. In this paper we investigate a graph based semi-supervised learning algorithm, a label propagation (LP) algorithm, for relation extraction. It represents labeled and unlabeled examples and their distances as the nodes and the weights of edges of a graph, and tries to obtain a labeling function to satisfy two constraints: 1) it should be fixed on the labeled nodes, 2) it should be smooth on the whole graph. Experiment results on the ACE corpus showed that this LP algorithm achieves better performance than SVM when only very few labeled examples are available, and it also performs better than bootstrapping for the relation extraction task.
7 ‘To Make Headway You Have to Go Against the Flow’: Resisting Dominant Discourses and Supporting Emergent Bilinguals in a Multilingual Pre-School in France

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

7 ‘To Make Headway You Have to Go Against the Flow’: Resisting Dominant Discourses and Supporting Emergent Bilinguals in a Multilingual Pre-School in France was published in Migration, Multilingualism and Education on page 112.
Clinical features of hemobilia in unresectable pancreatic cancer (uPC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

247 Background: Hemobilia is a life-threatening, although rare event in uPC patient(pt)s. However, there are few reports about it. The purpose of this study was to identify it’s clinical features in uPC at our institute. Methods: Data of 2066 pts who received treatment for uPC between April 2008 and August 2017 were reviewed retrospectively from the electronic medical records. Hemobilia was determined when extravasation was detected from the biliary tree artery on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or angiography. Blood clot seen in the bile duct on endoscopy was also included. Pts whose bleeding was diagnosed due to tumor invasion of the stomach or duodenum by endoscopy were excluded. CT and angiography were reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Results: Eleven pts developed hemobilia; there were no pts before 2013. All of them received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) as first-line chemotherapy. Eight pts developed hemobilia during GnP, three had it after disease progression. Every pt had at least one symptom of Quinke’s triad; upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 8, 73%), biliary colic (n = 4, 36%), and jaundice (n = 6, 55%). The median time to hemobilia after the start of GnP was 198 days (range: 43-559 days). A covered self-expanding metal stent (cSEMS) was placed in the lower common bile duct in all pts. The median time to bleeding after cSEMS placement was 87 days (range: 30-467 days). Eight pts showed pseudoaneurysm(PA). In 7 of these pts, were diagnosed by CT, the remaining by interventional radiology(IR). IR was employed initially in 6 of the 8 pts, and hemostasis was successful in all. Two pts underwent cSEMS placement and was unsuccessful in both. Of these 2 pts, one underwent IR, with successful hemostasis. Of the remaining 3 pts, 2 pts had hemostasis without treatment, and one had cSEMS placement that was successful for hemostasis. Conclusions: In our study, hemobilia was only seen after 2014. Hemobilia developed after the start of GnP in all of the pts. Pts who showed PA, successful hemostasis was obtained in all cases that underwent IR. Hemobilia should be kept in mind as a cause of upper GI bleeding in uPC pts, especially those with a biliary stent and history of GnP. IR was effective for the management of hemobilia associated with PA.
First Principles Excitons in Periodic Systems with Gaussian Density Fitting and Ewald Potential Functions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Excitons, namely neutral excitations in a system of electrons arising from the electron-hole interaction, are often essential to explain optical measurements in materials. They are governed by the Bethe-Salpeter equation, which can be cast into a matrix form that is formally analogous to the one for electrons at the mean-field level. However, constructing the corresponding excitonic Hamiltonian in practice is challenging, specially from a computational perspective if one wishes to surpass effective models. Methods that enable such calculations from the different density-functional theory frameworks currently available are, therefore, convenient. In this work we present an approach to solve the BSE employing Gaussian basis functions starting from a self-consistent, possibly hybrid calculation in any non-metallic solid. It is based on the Gaussian density fitting or resolution of the identity approximation to reduce the initial quartic scaling in the basis dimension, in combination with the use of Ewald-type potential functions to automatically sum the conditionally convergent lattice series. As an illustration of the computational implementation, we provide examples of exciton spectra and optical absorption in some paradigmatic 2D and 3D materials where the single-particle approximation fails qualitatively.
Platelet Indices Are Associated with Disease Activity Scores and the Severity of Sacroiliitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the associations among platelet indices, disease activity scores, and inflammatory markers in axial spondyloarthritis, and to determine the relation between platelet indices and inflammation measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The study included 161 patients who fulfilled Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria. Platelet indices such as mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet large cell ratio (PLCR), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. Ninety patients underwent sacroiliac (SI) MRI at baseline. Bone marrow edema (BME) and erosion on MRI were scored using the SPondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and spinal radiologic progression were also assessed. The associations among platelet indices and disease activity scores and inflammatory markers were evaluated. Results Of the 161 patients, 130 (81%) were male. MPV, PLCR, and PDW were negatively associated with ASDAS and inflammatory marker expression, whereas PCT was positively associated with these parameters. MPV, PLCR, and PDW were negatively associated with BME and erosion scores on SI MRI. However, platelet indices were not associated with the BASDAI and BASFI. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and BME and erosion scores were significantly higher in patients with low MPV. Changes in MPV, PCT, and PDW at baseline and after one year were associated with changes in ASDAS and inflammatory marker expression. Conclusion Platelet indices are associated with ASDAS, inflammatory marker levels, and severity of BME and erosion measured on MRI.
Peer Review #1 of "The Doublesex/Mab-3 domain transcription factor DMD-10 regulates ASH-dependent behavioral responses (v0.2)"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The Doublesex/Mab-3 Domain transcription factor DMD-10 is expressed in several cell types in C. elegans, including in the nervous system.We sought to investigate whether DMD-10 is required for normal neuronal function using behavioral assays.We found that mutation of dmd-10 did not broadly affect behavior.dmd-10 mutants were normal in several behavioral assays including a body bends assay for locomotion, egg laying, chemotaxis and response to gentle touch to the body.dmd-10 mutants did have defects in nose-touch responsiveness, which requires the glutamate receptor GLR-1.However, using quantitative fluorescence microscopy to measure levels of a GLR-1::GFP fusion protein in the ventral nerve cord, we found no evidence supporting a difference in the number of GLR-1 synapses or in the amount of GLR-1 present in dmd-10 mutants.dmd-10 mutants did have decreased responsiveness to high osmolarity, which, along with nose-touch, is sensed by the polymodal sensory neuron ASH.Furthermore, mutation of dmd-10 impaired behavioral response to optogenetic activation of ASH, suggesting that dmd-10 promotes neuronal signaling in ASH downstream of sensory receptor activation.Together our results suggest that DMD-10 is important in regulating the frequency of multiple ASH-dependent behavioral responses.
Like it or not. The relationship between personality traits, narcissim, self-esteem, self-monitering and Facebook usage

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study examined the relationship between 3 of the ‘Big Five’ personality traits, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience, narcissism, self-esteem, self-monitoring and the Facebook usage and also investigated the differences between Facebook users and non-users on extraversion, narcissism and self-esteem. 123 adult participants using a convenient sample participated in non- experimental quantitative study. They completed the online survey containing Big Five Inventory, Narcissism Inventory, Rosenberg Self-esteem, Self-monitoring and Facebook Intensity Scale.\nThe results showed that extraversion and openness to experience significantly correlate with Facebook use. The results also showed significant differences between Facebook users and non-users on self-esteem. No significant differences on extraversion and narcissism have been found. Implications of the findings, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios in continental outflow air from eastern North America: Export of ozone precursors to Bermuda

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

High surface ozone levels at Bermuda during springtime are associated with the transport of large scale frontal systems from the U.S. east coast over the North Atlantic. An objective of the AEROCE III study was to adopt a meteorologically informed sampling strategy of the chemical characteristics of air masses both in advance and behind eastward progressing cold fronts in order to differentiate between vertical sources of these elevated tropospheric ozone signals. Concentrations of hydrocarbons in air sampled over the eastern US and in offshore flights varied in a complex manner with sample altitude and prevailing meteorological situation. In several aircraft flights, the presence at altitude of distinct layers of air of elevated concentrations of NMHC's attested to the dynamic mixing of lower and upper air masses associated with springtime frontal activity. Layers of mid‐tropospheric air of high O 3 (140 ppbv) and low background NMHC mixing ratios (1.44 ppbv ethane, 0.034 ppbv propene, 0.247 ppbv propane, 0.034 ppbv isobutene, 0.041 ppbv n‐butane, 0.063 ppbv benzene, 0.038 ppbv toluene) mixing ratios were indicative of descending, stratospherically influenced air on a flight to the east of Norfolk, VA on April 24 (alt 4600 m). Layers of high O 3 (60–70 ppbv) and elevated NMHC concentrations (1.88 ppbv ethane, 0.092 ppbv propene, 0.398 ppbv propane, 0.063 ppbv isobutene, 0.075 ppbv n‐butane, 0.106 ppbv benzene, 0.102 ppbv toluene) observed on a flight to the west of Bermuda on April 28 (alt. 4100 m) indicated upwardly lifting convective activity of continentally sourced air masses. A meteorologically informed sampling strategy employed in the study was valuable in providing a framework with which to both optimize NMHC sampling decisions and to provide a context with which to interpret their observed mixing ratios.
Sources of Resistance to Yellow Rust (Puccinia Striiformis West) in Barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diverse barley germ plasm was evaluated under heavy natural or artificial infection of yellow rust races in eight tests at Wellington, Lahaul, Almora and Delhi over 3 years. Twenty six varieties showed high degree of resistance/tolerance to the pathogen under field conditions. Five varieties, namely, Ab. 14, EP 79A, RDISN 416, Gaines and KB 7948, showed F to 10R reaction to yellow rust. Considering the geographically diverse origins of these resistant sources, a possibility of genetic diversity among these and their utility in barley breeding programmes has been suggested.
Preliminary appraisal of the reliability and validity of the Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability and convergent validity of the Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (CSU-FAPS) in a preliminary appraisal of its performance in a clinical teaching setting. Methods Sixty-eight female cats were assessed for pain after ovariohysterectomy. A cohort of 21 cats was examined independently by four raters (two board-certified anesthesiologists and two anesthesia residents) with the CSU-FAPS, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine inter-rater reliability. Weighted Cohen’s kappa was used to determine inter-rater reliability centered on the ‘need to reassess analgesic plan’ (dichotomous scale). A separate cohort of 47 cats was evaluated independently by two raters (one board-certified anesthesiologist and one veterinary small animal rotating intern) using the CSU-FAPS and the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-Feline), and Spearman rank-order correlation was determined to assess convergent validity. Reliability was interpreted using Altman’s classification as very good, good, moderate, fair and poor. Validity was considered adequate if correlation coefficients were between 0.4 and 0.8. Results The ICC was 0.61 for anesthesiologists and 0.67 for residents, indicating good reliability. Weighted Cohen’s kappa was 0.79 for anesthesiologists and 0.44 for residents, indicating moderate to good reliability. The Spearman rank correlation indicated a statistically significant ( P = 0.0003) positive correlation (0.31; 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.46) between the CSU-FAPS and the CMPS-Feline. Conclusions and relevance The CSU-FAPS showed moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability when used by veterinarians to assess pain level or need to reassess analgesic plan after ovariohysterectomy in cats. The validity fell short of current guidelines for correlation coefficients and further refinement and testing are warranted to improve its performance.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Pt on Various Carbon Supports in OH- conducting Ionic Liquids

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The intermediate temperature operation above 100 °C is one of important targets of next generation fuel cell development from both points of view of the activity enhancement and carbon monoxide poisoning mitigation of catalysts. To tackle this challenge, we have synthesized and applied OH - conducting ionic liquids as new fuel cell electrolytes, in which the progress of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been successfully confirmed at temperatures above 100 °C under non-humid conditions. However, there is a problem to be solved that the overpotential for ORR is high due to the strong adsorption of ionic species on Pt catalyst. In this study, the electronic state of Pt catalyst was designed by applying heterogeneous atom-doped graphene materials as catalyst supports to reduce the ORR overpotential. A 1:1 mixture of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPOH) and tributylmethylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (P4441TFSI) was prepared and used as OH - conducting ionic liquid. As Pt catalyst supports, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) were synthesized. The deposition of Pt catalyst on these graphene materials were carried out by a conventional reduction method of platinum chloride with ethylene glycol. The ORR activity of Pt catalysts supported on various carbon materials was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in O 2 saturated TBPOH/ P4441TFSI at 120 °C, and the positive shift of ORR onset potential from 0.4 V to 0.6 V and then 0.7 V vs. RHE was observed by changing the support from commercial Ketjen Black to RGO and then NG, accompanied by an increase in the ORR current density. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that this improvement is related to the different electronic state of Pt catalyst, and it was suggested that the supports with higher electron donating properties such as NG are suitable for Pt catalyst to enhance the ORR activity. Figure 1
Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio as an early predictor of outcome in critically-ill septic patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several cumbersome scoring systems were developed for prognosis and outcome prediction in sepsis. We intended in this study to evaluate the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) as a prognostic predictor in sepsis. We included 40 adult septic patients in a prospective observational study. We excluded patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus. After clinical evaluation, urine spot samples were collected on admission and 24 h later for ACR1 and ACR2. Admission APACHE IV score and the highest recorded SOFA score of their daily estimation were considered. We also evaluated the need for mechanical ventilation, inotropic and/or vasoactive support, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and in-hospital mortality. In a population with 63 (55–71) year old with 29 (72.5%) males, we found that the ACR2 is correlated with the SOFA score (r = 0.4, P = 0.03). SOFA was higher in patients with increasing ACR [14(4.8–16.8) vs 5(3–8), P = 0.01]. None of the ACR measures was correlated with APACHE IV score. ACR2 was higher in patients who needed mechanical ventilation and inotropic and/or vasoactive support [140(125–207) and 151(127–218) mg/g respectively] compared to [65(47–174) and 74(54–162) mg/g], P = 0.01 and 0.009. None of the measured parameters was related to the need of RRT. ACR1, ACR2, APACHE IV and increasing ACR were predictors of mortality. The AUC for mortality prediction was largest for APACHE IV (0.90) then ACR2 (0.88). ACR2 of 110.5 mg/g was 100% sensitive and 86% specific to predict mortality. We concluded that the urinary ACR may be used as a simple test for prognosis and mortality prediction in sepsis.
Electro-magnetic tracker-based fusion for image-guided TRUS prostate biopsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-0213 / Electro-magnetic tracker-based fusion for image-guided TRUS prostate biopsy by: W. J. M. van de Ven, S. Rinsma, N. Karssemeijer, J. O. Barentsz, J. J. Futterer, H. Huisman; Nijmegen/NL
Relationship between the mRNA degradation and postmortem interval

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous methods have been used to determine the Postmortem Interval(PMI) at present.It,however,is often very difficult to accurately determine the PMI in daily practice.With the development of molecular biology and the improvement of detection technology,quantification of mRNA degradation has recently been used to estimate the PMI.In this review article,the authors will discuss the way of quantification,the rule of degradation,as well as existing problems.
An Application of the Localization Strategy of MNCs in China: The case of Starbucks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the rise of the Chinese market, more MNCs begin to take China as the main market. In order to take up more market share in China, choosing a feasible business strategy is vital for MNCs. Localization strategy is now considered as one of the most suitable strategies in China. However, the motivations and impacts of localization strategy and its enlightenments for western catering multinationals in China are rarely researched. Therefore, I set Starbucks as a case study to do an in-depth analysis of localization strategy in China on the basis of overseas direct investment theory and strategic management theory. The finding shows that Starbucks take localization as the main strategy is because of both internal (company) and external (host country) factors. Correspondingly, the impacts of localization reflect in Starbucks performance and China’s transformation. Still, there is the limitation in this research. For instance, Starbucks has its own distinctive characteristics which are difficult to imitate. Thus, setting Starbucks as a single case study is not comprehensive and the research findings cannot be applied to all catering multinationals. Also, it is hard to say that localization strategy is suitable for all MNCs in China.