jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Educational Marginalization in Northern Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study examined the persistent educational marginalization of youth in Northeastern Kenya, a region historically overlooked since the colonial era. The study also looks at the government's and non-governmental organizations' attempts and opportunities to enhance the education sector using the devolution structure included in Kenya's new constitution. Methodology: A mixed-methods research design was proposed to investigate these issues comprehensively. Quantitative data, analyzed through descriptive statistics, explored enrollment patterns, dropout rates, and resource distribution, while qualitative thematic analysis captured the lived experiences of affected communities, cultural attitudes towards education, and the effectiveness of government policies. Findings: Findings indicated that insecurity, forced migration, and a lack of culturally sensitive policies perpetuate educational inequality in Northeastern Kenya. Limited awareness of the region’s unique needs further hampers development efforts. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends leveraging Kenya’s devolved governance structure to direct targeted resources, retain teachers, and foster community engagement. Addressing security concerns and integrating cultural practices into education policy are vital for improving educational outcomes in this marginalized region.
Dark Sky Parks: public policy that turns off the lights

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Dark skies are culturally, ecologically, and economically valuable natural resources but little has been written on how dark sky conservation is being enacted through environmental policy and legislation. Using the Multiple Streams Framework and qualitative data from over 300 policy documents, we characterize the problems, policy solutions, and politics around protecting night sky resources. We find that the core public policy problem of diminishing night skies is perceived by stakeholders to be light pollution produced from surrounding urban development. To address this problem, decision-makers enact policy solutions of creating Dark Sky Parks on protected landscapes with rigorous and scientific processes. These technical ideas for creating Dark Sky Parks are transmitted to decision-makers at park and landscape scales. Dark sky conservation is a political process as well, which attracts bipartisan support from policy-makers from different political parties due to the economic potential of astrotourism. Our work has general applications for the role of managers and NGOs in creating science policy, engaging the public, and enacting policy change, as was seen in the context of the International Dark Sky Association providing resources, technical information, and support for managers and other stakeholders to encourage actions at various scales to protect rapidly-disappearing dark skies.
[Functional-metabolic estimation of responsiveness of blood cells in exposure to local vibration].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The physiological features of the blood cells have been studied in the workers, exposed to a long-term local vibration. The summary peroxidase activity of the blood cells, the levels of the phagocytic response as well as of the alkaline and acid phosphatases in the neutrophiles, the glycogen content in the neutrophiles and lymphocytes have been evaluated. The alterations associated with the decrease in the functional-metabolic parameters in dependence on the contact duration with the vibration-induced tools and on the severity of the clinical symptomatics have been revealed. The different declinations revealed in the character of the cellular responsiveness may display peculiarities in the mechanisms of adaptive regulation.
The Effects of Imprecise Measurement on the Economic Asymmetric X and S Control Charts

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The presence of imprecise measurement may seriously affect the efficiency of process control and production cost. A cost model is derived to determine the design parameters of the economic asymmetric X and S control charts including measurement errots. The effects of imprecise measurement on the performance of the economic asymmetric X and S control charts and production cost are examined for the case where the process mean and process standard deviation may change. Application of the proposed control charts is demonstrated through an example. Numerical examples illustrate the effects of imprecise measurement on the design parameters of the proposed control charts. It shows that the imprecision measurement may seriously affect the ability of the proposed control charts to detect process disturbances quickly, change the sampling frequency, and increase the production cost compared to the control charts excluding measurement errors.
Molecular dynamics simulation study on the interaction of collagen‐like peptides with gelatinase‐A (MMP‐2)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Although several models have been proposed for the interaction of collagen with gelatinase‐A (matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2)), the extensive role of each domain of gelatinase A in hydrolyzing the collagens with and without interruptions is still elusive. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, normal mode analysis (NMA) and framework rigidity optimized dynamics algorithm (FRODAN) based analysis were carried out to understand the function of various domains of MMP‐2 upon interaction with collagen like peptides. The results reveal that the collagen binding domain (CBD) binds to the C‐terminal of collagen like peptide with interruption. CBD helps in unwinding the loosely packed interrupted region of triple helical structure to a greater extent. It can be possible to speculate that the role of hemopexin (HPX) domain is to prevent further unwinding of collagen like peptide by binding to the other end of the collagen like peptide. The catalytic (CAT) domain then reorients itself to interact with the part of the unwound region of collagen like peptide for further hydrolysis. In conclusion the CBD of MMP‐2 recognizes the collagen and aids in unwinding the collagen like peptide with interruptions, and the HPX domain of MMP‐2 binds to the other end of the collagen allowing CAT domain to access the cleavage site. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the structural basis of collagenolysis by MMP‐2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 779–794, 2014.
Analysis of Production Response to CO2/Sand Fracturing: A Case Study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The U.S. Department of Energy, Petroleum Consulting Services, Universal Well Services, and Canadian Fracmaster have recently performed eight CO2/sand stimulations on four Devonian Shale gas wells in the Appalachian Basin. Four two-stage CO2/sand stimulations were executed with two operators in the Pike and Martin County, Kentucky area. All stimulätions involved 120 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) and up to 47,500 pounds of sand. In addition, there are eleven existing control wells stimulated with four two-stage foam fracs and seven two-stage nitrogen fracs. Production results from these fifteen wells are compared. After nine months of production, CO2/sand fractured wells in the Pike County, Kentucky study area are nearly twice as productive as nitrogen gas fraced wells and nearly five times better than the foam fraced wells in the study group. The per well incremental gas production after nine months ranged from 13.5-22.2 MMcf per well for nitrogen gas and foam fraced wells, respectively. Discussion of the CO2/sand treatment parameters, job execution, and a representative pressure/injection response are discussed in detail. As the operators begin to utilize the CO2/ sand frac process on more wells, the new stimulation process will become commercially available on a routine basis.
Pollination of Androdioecious Xerospermum intermedium Radlk. (Sapindaceae) in a rain forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Pollination of Androdioecious Xerospermum intermedium Radlk. (Sapindaceae) in a rain forest Get access S. APPANAH S. APPANAH 1Forest Research Institute, Kepong, West Malaysia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 18, Issue 1, August 1982, Pages 11–34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1982.tb02031.x Published: 28 June 2008 Article history Accepted: 01 December 1981 Published: 28 June 2008
Why Homosexuality is a Risk Factor for Eating Disorders in Males

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is a typical overrepresentation of homosexual males in clinical eating disorder samples. The present study investigated the role of gender role orientation, peer pressure, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction in relation to eating disorder symptoms among a sample of homosexual men and a sample of heterosexual men. The results show that most variables were highly interrelated. However, using multivariate regression analyses it was found that body dissatisfaction, and not self-esteem, was the dominant predictor of eating disorder symptoms. For both heterosexual and homosexual men, a higher level of body dissatisfaction was related to higher Body Mass Index (BMI), more peer pressure, and lower masculinity scores. In addition, an interaction of sexual orientation and peer pressure was found: the relationship between peer pressure and body dissatisfaction was substantially more pronounced among homosexual men. Finally, associations between eating disorder symptoms on the one hand and sexual orientation, gender role orientation and peer pressure on the other hand, became non-significant when taking body dissatisfaction into account. The results show the central role of body dissatisfaction in the relationship between homosexuality and eating disorder symptoms, as well as the contribution of peer pressure. Directions for future research are discussed.
Certification of the standard reference material 1473a:

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The melt flow rate of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1473a, a polyethylene resin, was determined to be 1.17 g/10 min at 190 °C under a load of 2.16 kg using the ASTM Method D 1238-90b.The average results from 66 determinations on samples with a standard deviation of a single measurement of 0.015 g/10 min.A small but measurable drift from the first timed extrudate to the third timed extrudate was observed.1.
Morphological and TLC identification on Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos is the flowers of Aster souliei, A. flaccidus, and A. asteroides, with the function of clearing away heat and toxic matter, relieving cough, and removing phlegm. In order to control the quality of Asteris Flos, the morphological and chemical methods were established for identification of three origins. The morphological features of three species were described and photographed, and the microscopic characteristics of three drug powders were also described in detail and pictured. The results showed that three origins of Asteris Flos could be easily distinguished by their macro- and micro-morphologic features, and a key for distinguishing the three origins was given. Moreover, a TLC method, with apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucurono pyranoside and chlorogenic acid as chemical references, was also established for the identification of three origins. The results showed that the TLC chromatograms of the flowers of A. souliei and A. flaccidus were very similar, but different from that of A. asteroides. The established macroscopic, powder microscopic and TLC methods for identification of three origins of AF were simple, accurate, and reproducible, and also effective and easy to operate.
Diplomatic Strategies in Response to Identity Shifts in Later Baekje

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

이 논문의 목적은 후백제 정체성과 국내 통치 전략의 변화가 외교의 대상과 시기 선정에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지를 검토하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 건국 당시 내건 후백제의 정체성이 920년 중반 대외 성과를 바탕으로 어떻게 바뀌었는가를 먼저 살폈다. 그에 따른 후백제의 외교정책이 무엇이었고, 동아시아 정세 변화에 따라 후백제가 어떻게 대응했는가를 살펴보았다. 일반적으로 후백제가 중국은 물론 일본과도 활발하게 교류했다고 인식되고 있다. 그러나 건국 당시 '백제의 계승자'를 자처한 후백제는 오월이 908년 '천보'로 개원하자, 백제와 남조 양이 그랬던 것과 같이 오월과 긴밀한 외교관계를 구축하였다. 922년 일본에 접근한 것도 고려의 '고려-오-민' 삼각 동맹에 맞서 옛 백제 때의 구축되었던 '남조-백제-왜'의 외교관계를 재건하고자 한 것으로 보인다. 920년대 전반 백제 계승을 완수한 후백제는 925년 무렵부터 '신라의 대체자'이자 '통일의 완성자'로 국가 정체성을 바꾸었다. 이를 인정받기 위해 기존의 오월과의 교류에 더해 후당과 조공-책봉 관계를 구축하였다. 한편, 927년 거란, 929년 일본과의 교섭은 상대국이 먼저 접근한 것에 대한 대응이었을 뿐 후백제가 능동적으로 펼친 외교 교섭이 아니었다. 이는 오히려 후백제가 오월·후당 교섭에 천착했음을 보여 주는 증거다.
JP2 Generation Phenomenon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Generally speaking, young people in Poland do not reject religion. The vast majority of youth declare themselves to be believers. Their faith, however, is characterized by subjectivity and selectiveness. Situationism is a trait of the Polish young generation. They make their choices dependent on something… Gaining a good education, a good job and starting a family are important life goals for young people. The youth of the 21st century are called “the youth without wings”. Those young people do not have any great ideals. They are not attracted by high values of a changing the world, they do not aim at establishing a better social system. The youth of the 90’s used to set up non-governmental organizations, they took up social activity in the third sector. The young people of the 21st century comprise a generation focusing on their own future. It is not a struggling generation but rather one evading or minimizing their activity in spheres which do not bring them direct benefits. Whatever is not practical, needed for today, is discarded.
Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Promote Microvascular Thrombosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nitric oxide plays a role in microvascular anastamotic thrombosis. Intravenous NO inhibitors appear to increase the short-term rate of microvascular thrombosis. L-arginine, an NO precursor, does not appear to produce the opposite effect. Further studies using local NO donors and antagonists as well as more potent NO precursors are needed to further evaluate NO's role in microvascular thrombosis. The results of this study may have applications to human microvascular surgery.
[Clinical application of anterior thoracoscopically assisted surgery with posterior one-stage total en block spondylectomy for thoracic spinal tumor].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With anterior TAS, vertebral anterior vessels, intervertebral blood vessels, intercostal vessels were successfully separated or ligated, intraoperative bleeding was effectively controlled, lung and esophagus were effectively protected, and the tumor received wide excision. Anterior TAS and one-stage posterior TES could significantly reduce the surgical trauma and the risk of surgery.
Vegetation recovery following pollution control at Trail, British Columbia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sulphur dioxide emissions from the heavy metal smelter at Trail, British Columbia, reached a peak in the late 1920's. By this date serious destruction of the natural vegetation had occurred. The recommendations of a tribunal set up to investigate the problem of air pollution were implemented in 1941. Hence air qualities suitable for the reestablishment of the vegetation have prevailed for some 30 years. Apart from a decrease in precipitation as one moves south through the study area, environmental conditions appear to be of minor importance in controlling recovery patterns with regrowth being limited principally by a shortage of viable propagules. The degree of destruction of the former vegetation cover is considered to be the major factor underlying the patterns of vegetation recovery. Much of the birch and aspen cover appears to have developed initially from remnant rootstocks, with coniferous regrowth restricted to areas where seed is available from mature trees which survived the fumigations.
Categorization of Discoverable Cyber Attributes for Identity Protection, Privacy, and Analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet has become a major source of data that many regard as personally identifiable, and the ease of accessibility may be considered as an invasion of privacy. While there are certainly benign uses of this data, it has also facilitated increases in identity theft and identity fraud. This paper presents classes of cyber identity attributes that can aid in analysis and protection of a person's sensitive data in a complex, changing environment. Our research is motivated by the need to understand and organize identity attributes in such a way as to inform the general public of what Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is available and how it may be better protected. In this paper, we outline and discuss five major categories of identity attributes that are discoverable online. The categories discussed relate to data that is biographic, behavioral, relationship, biometric, and physiological data which are all part of a holistic representational model for identity analytics.
Farewell to the teacher Diao Hua Chu (german form unknown). Was posted to be District School Supervisor in Meilin. Tiao ling pupils and teachers 1924.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Note translation: It was a European [couple] who were being said farewell to - hence the remark that the writer of the caption knows only the chinese and not the german form of his name. (PJ 12.1998).
Influence of functional sulfonic acid group on pyrolysis characteristics for cation exchange resin.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pyrolysis of spent ion exchange resins is used to reduce radioactive waste volume and to make the final waste form more stable. The weight loss of cation exchange resin after pyrolysis is only 50w/o, while that of anion exchange resin is 90w/o. Fundamental experiments were performed to investigate the reason for the small weight loss of the former.
Deep Desulfurization of Model Gasoline by Adsorption on Mesoporous CeMCM-41

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cerium atoms have been introduced into the framework of MCM-41 by a hydrothermal synthesis method with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) as template, sodium silicate as silica source, and cerium chloride as cerium source. Desulfurization of various model fuels containing about 500 μg/g sulfur were studied over the synthesized CeMCM-41 with a liquid hourly space velocity of 7.5 hr−1 at ambient conditions. The sulfur adsorption capacity was 10.0, 11.8, 14.0, and 15.4 mg(S)/g adsorbent for thiophene, dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), and tetrahydrothiophene (THT), respectively. The charges on S atom in thiophene, DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, and THT, calculated by using density functional theory (DFT), are −0.159, −0.211, −0.214, and −0.298, respectively, implying that the S-M bond between the adsorption sites and thiophene is much weaker than that between the adsorption sites and DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, or THT.
Impacts of conservation and human development policy across stakeholders and scales

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Significance Understanding costs and benefits to multiple stakeholders, and how they change through time, is essential to designing effective conservation and human development policies. Where, when, and to whom benefits are delivered are rarely analyzed, however. We examine one of China’s conservation–development policies—the Relocation and Settlement Program of Shaanxi Province (RSP)—drawing insights of broad relevance. Although the RSP benefits the municipal government, downstream water consumers, and global beneficiaries, the short-run costs to local households and the municipal government greatly exceed these benefits. Moreover, poor households are unable to pay the upfront costs and have difficulty participating. The RSP is well designed to reduce local ecological pressure and enhance human development, but its effectiveness could be strengthened in key ways.
Framework for Structural Online Health Monitoring of Aging and Degradation of Secondary Systems due to some Aspects of Erosion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the current state of research related to critical aspects of erosion and selected aspects of degradation of secondary components in nuclear power plants. The report also proposes a framework for online health monitoring of aging and degradation of secondary components. The framework consists of an integrated multi-sensor modality system which can be used to monitor different piping configurations under different degradation conditions. The report analyses the currently known degradation mechanisms and available predictive models. Based on this analysis, the structural health monitoring framework is proposed. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program began to evaluate technologies that could be used to perform online monitoring of piping and other secondary system structural components in commercial NPPs. These online monitoring systems have the potential to identify when a more detailed inspection is needed using real-time measurements, rather than at a pre-determined inspection interval. This transition to condition-based, risk informed automated maintenance will contribute to a significant reduction of operations and maintenance costs that account for the majority of nuclear power generation costs. There is unanimous agreement between industry experts and academic researchers that identifying and prioritizing inspection locations in secondary piping systems (for example, in raw water piping or diesel piping) would eliminate many excessive in-service inspections. The proposed structural health monitoring framework takes aim at answering this challenge by combining long-range guided wave technologies with other monitoring techniques, which can significantly increase the inspection length and pinpoint the locations that degraded the most. More widely, the report suggests research efforts aimed at developing, validating, and deploying online corrosion monitoring techniques for complex geometries, which are pervasive in NPPs.
Information Asymmetry Models in the Internet Connectivity Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the structure of the Internet connectivity market by focusing on the business relations of stakeholders involved in network services provision. We believe that the role of information asymmetry is critical when considering interconnection agreements, and should be taken into account in the structure of the contract. Information asymmetry due to incomplete information concerning important operating parameters such as network load, capacity, cost, gives rise to adverse selection during negotiation and contract preparation. The current at structure of interconnection agreements does not address such information asymmetries. In many cases, the dfficulty of observing the actual effort allocated by the contracted network for providing quality of service, and in particular, the absence of appropriate incentives in the contract, allows for the possibility of opportunistic behaviour in the form of moral hazard. We formulate two simple analytical models which demonstrate the effects of moral hazard in the market for network transport services. The first deals with the case where the network is contracted for short duration transport where the customer can not use the statistical information obtained during the life time of the service to determine with certainty the actual effort allocated by the network. The second model deals with transit contracts of longer duration, where the actual cost for provisioning the service at various quality levels is only statistically known at the time the contract is set up. Although these models are too simple for capturing the complexity of interconnection agreements between ISPs, they demonstrate the bad effects of information asymmetry and motivate the importance of incentive contracts for improving efficiency.