jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Mapping of Receptor-Functioning Domains in Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor FLVCR1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Infection of cells by the highly anemogenic feline leukemia virus subgroup C (FeLV-C) is mediated by the heme exporter FLVCR1, a cell surface protein containing 12 potential transmembrane segments with six presumptive extracellular loops (ECLs). To identify FLVCR1 residues critical for mediating FeLV-C infection, we first independently isolated a human cDNA encoding the FLVCR2 protein that shares 52% identity to human FLVCR1, and we show that FLVCR2 does not function as a receptor for FeLV-C. Then, by generating specific hybrids between FLVCR1 and FLVCR2 and testing susceptibility of mouse cells expressing these hybrids to β-galactosidase encoding FeLV-C, we identify FLVCR1 ECLs 1 and 6 as critical for mediating FeLV-C infection. Mouse cells expressing a hybrid protein containing FLVCR2 backbone with the ECL6 sequence from FLVCR1 were highly susceptible to FeLV-C infection. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that a single mutation of Asn463 in FLVCR2 ECL6 to an acidic Asp residue (a residue present in the corresponding position 487 in FLVCR1 ECL6) is sufficient to render FLVCR2 functional as an FeLV-C receptor. However, an Asp487Asn mutation in FLVCR1 ECL6 or substitution of the entire FLVCR1 ECL6 sequence for FLVCR2 ECL6 sequence does not disrupt receptor function. Subsequent substitutions show that residues within FLVCR1 ECL1 also contribute to mediating FeLV-C infection. Furthermore, our results suggest that FLVCR1 regions that mediate FeLV-C surface unit binding are distinct from ECL1 and ECL6. Our results are consistent with previous conclusions that infection of cells by gammaretroviruses involves interaction of virus with multiple receptor regions.
Brownian motion on disconnected sets, basic hypergeometric functions, and some continued fractions of Ramanujan

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by L\\'{e}vy's characterization of Brownian motion on the line, we\npropose an analogue of Brownian motion that has as its state space an arbitrary\nclosed subset of the line that is unbounded above and below: such a process\nwill be a martingale, will have the identity function as its quadratic\nvariation process, and will be ``continuous'' in the sense that its sample\npaths don't skip over points. We show that there is a unique such process,\nwhich turns out to be automatically a reversible Feller-Dynkin Markov process.\nWe find its generator, which is a natural generalization of the operator\n$f\\mapsto{1/2}f''$. We then consider the special case where the state space is\nthe self-similar set $\\{\\pm q^k:k\\in \\mathbb{Z}\\}\\cup\\{0\\}$ for some $q>1$.\nUsing the scaling properties of the process, we represent the Laplace\ntransforms of various hitting times as certain continued fractions that appear\nin Ramanujan's ``lost'' notebook and evaluate these continued fractions in\nterms of basic hypergeometric functions (that is, $q$-analogues of classical\nhypergeometric functions). The process has 0 as a regular instantaneous point,\nand hence its sample paths can be decomposed into a Poisson process of\nexcursions from 0 using the associated continuous local time. Using the\nreversibility of the process with respect to the natural measure on the state\nspace, we find the entrance laws of the corresponding It\\^{o} excursion measure\nand the Laplace exponent of the inverse local time -- both again in terms of\nbasic hypergeometric functions. By combining these ingredients, we obtain\nexplicit formulae for the resolvent of the process. We also compute the moments\nof the process in closed form. Some of our results involve $q$-analogues of\nclassical distributions such as the Poisson distribution that have appeared\nelsewhere in the literature.\n
Strategic Options in Using Sterile Insects for Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The four strategic options, "suppression", "eradication", "containment", and "prevention", in which the sterile insect technique (SIT) can be deployed as part of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes, are defined and described in relation to the contexts in which they are applied against non-native invasive or naturally occurring major insect pests. Advantages and disadvantages of these strategic options are analysed, and examples of successful programmes provided. Considerations that affect decision-making in relation to the selection of a strategic option, e.g. pest biology, whether the pest is a disease vector or agricultural pest, the pest's status in the target area, and the target market for the produced crop or livestock commodities, are reviewed and discussed in terms of a phased conditional approach to programme planning, preparation, and implementation. If an option is changed during implementation of the SIT, unrealistic expectations often result, leading to high political costs and the discrediting of the technology. Before embarking on an AW-IPM programme with an SIT component, the choice of a strategic option needs to be assessed carefully, and preparations should be supported by considerable baseline data, technical and economic feasibility assessments, and detailed planning.
Activation‐based association profiles differentiate network roles across cognitive loads

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Working memory (WM) is a complex and pivotal cognitive system underlying the performance of many cognitive behaviors. Although individual differences in WM performance have previously been linked to the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) response across several large‐scale brain networks, the unique and shared contributions of each large‐scale brain network to efficient WM processes across different cognitive loads remain elusive. Using a WM paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the Human Connectome Project, we proposed a framework to assess the association and shared‐association strength between imaging biomarkers and behavioral scales. Association strength is the capability of individual brain regions to modulate WM performance and shared‐association strength measures how different regions share the capability of modulating performance. Under higher cognitive load (2‐back), the frontoparietal executive control network (FPN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network showed significant positive activation and positive associations, whereas the default mode network (DMN) showed the opposite pattern, namely, significant deactivation and negative associations. Comparing the different cognitive loads, the DMN and FPN showed predominant associations and globally shared‐associations. When investigating the differences in association from lower to higher cognitive loads, the DAN demonstrated enhanced association strength and globally shared‐associations, which were significantly greater than those of the other networks. This study characterized how brain regions individually and collaboratively support different cognitive loads.
New results concerning a singular biharmonic equations with p -Laplacian and Hardy potential

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with a singular biharmonic equations with p-Laplacian and Hardy potential. Using Mountain Pass Theorem and Fountain Theorem with Cerami condition, we obtain the existence and multiplicity of sign-changing high-energy solutions under some suitable conditions on the nonlinear term f(x,u). In addition, by applying an abstract critical point theorem of Kajikiya in [A critical point theorem related to the symmetric mountain pass lemma and its applications to elliptic equations. J Funct Anal. 2005;225(2):352–370], a sequence of sign-changing solutions converging to zero for the biharmonic equations with sublinear nonlinearities is also obtained.
Perirenal Adipose Tissue from Healthy Donor: Characteristics and Promise as Potential Therapeutic Cell Source

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perirenal adipose tissue, one of the fat masses surrounding the kidneys, can be obtained from healthy donors during a kidney transplant. Perirenal adipose tissue has only ever been known as a connective tissue to protect the kidneys and renal blood vessels from external physical stimulation. Yet, recently, as adipose tissue has begun to be considered an endocrine organ, and perirenal adipose tissue is now regarded to have a direct effect on metabolic diseases. The characteristics of perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor are that: (1) There are a large number of brown adipose cells (70–80% of the total), (2) Most of the brown adipose cells are inactive in the resting cell cycle, (3) Activating factors are constant low-temperature exposure, hormones, metastasis factors, and environmental factors, (4) Anatomically, a large number of brown adipose cells are distributed close to the adrenal glands, (5) Beige cells, produced by converting white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes, are highly active, (6) Activated cells secrete BATokines, and (7) Energy consumption efficiency is high. Despite these advantages, all of the perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor is incinerated as medical waste. With a view to its use, this review discusses the brown adipocytes and beige cells in perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor, and proposes opportunities for their clinical application.
Application of Balancing Tabs to Ailerons

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Analysis was made to determine characteristics required of a balancing-tab system for ailerons in order to reduce aileron stick forces to any desired magnitude. Series of calculations based on section data were made to determine balancing-tab systems of various chord tabs and ailerons that will give, for a particular airplane, zero rate of aileron hinge moment with aileron deflection and yet will produce same maximum rate of roll as a plain unbalanced 15-percent chord aileron of same span. Effects of rolling velocity and of forces in tab link on aileron hinge moments have been included.
Academic women departmental heads’ coping mechanisms during COVID-19: A capabilities approach perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explored women departmental heads’ leadership experiences in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper highlighted aspects of their care and coping mechanisms in terms of them working in virtual spaces. Most scholars have examined employees’ effects and challenges while working from home during a lockdown. However, most studies are silent on women in leadership, especially concerning the provision of resources to enhance effective leadership during this crisis. The paper draws on three concepts of Sen’s Capabilities approach: functionings, freedoms, and agency. This approach facilitates an incisive understanding of institutional and individual coping mechanisms that might be beneficial for women leaders to mitigate the challenges of the devastating COVID-19 lockdowns. The qualitative narrative approach, supported by a feminist lens, provides a critical, in-depth understanding of the real-life stories of women in leadership positions when making-sense of their challenges in working in a virtual environment. Data which was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten female heads of department, was analysed thematically by applying the Capabilities Approach as an analytical tool. The findings indicated that functionings and freedoms are inextricably intertwined to institutional ethnographies. These ethnographies might support or hamper the coping capabilities of women leaders in academic institutions, especially during the COVID-19 crisis.
Prospects for sub-EW-scale ALP searches via γ+bb¯ signatures at the LHC using jet substructure techniques

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data show no clear indication of new physics and only incremental improvements are anticipated at the energy frontier in the near future. However, while the focus of the LHC has been on constraining TeV scale physics, new particles could still be hiding below the electroweak scale. In order to obtain sensitivity to a new light boson with couplings to SM fermions, a potentially promising decay channel, for resonances with mass ≳O(10) GeV, would be the decay to bb¯ pairs. The measurement of such signatures is challenging due to the trigger requirements at the LHC. In this work, we explore the LHC sensitivity to a light pseudoscalar, or axionlike particle (ALP), in the bb¯ final state with an associated photon, using jet substructure techniques, in the mass range between 10 and 100 GeV. We obtain projected exclusions on the ALP-fermion coupling in a region of phase space which has not so far been probed by direct searches. We further discuss the impact that lower trigger thresholds may have on the LHC reach.
Enantioselective Base-Free Phase-Transfer Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An enantioselective conjugate ­addition of 3-aryloxindoles 2 to β-nitrostyrenes 3 has been reported to proceed without the need for base additives in the presence of quaternary ammonium phase-transfer catalyst 1. Conjugate adducts 4 were obtained in high yields with high enantioselectivity. Application of the reaction conditions to 3-methyloxindole resulted in low reactivity and enantioselectivity (product 5).
The Expression of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Spleen of Chicken

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Immunohistochemical ultra sensitive SP method has been used to examine the expression of VIP in spleen of chicken during growth.The results suggested that the positive reaction which was mainly distributed on capsule and red pulp maintained higher expression during growth, there are many positive macrophage in red pulp, VIP in white pulp was only distributed on central arteries , and its expression reduced as age.The results showed that spleen was another source which produced VIP, it perhaps played important role on functional regulation of immune organs,also can be regarded as a signal molecule which contacted neuroendocrine system with immune system in chicken.
Persistant Current in Isolated Mesoscopic Rings

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Persistant current in isolated mesoscopic rings is studied using the continium and tight-binding models of independent electrons. The calculation is performed with disorder and also at finite temperature. In the absence of disorder and at zero temperature agreement is obtained with earlier results by D. Loss et. al., in that there is half quantum flux periodicity for a large and odd number of electrons, but full quantum periodicity for any even number of electrons in the ring. Strong, disorder converts the period into full quantum periodicity. Finite temperature reduces the magnitude of the current, but preserves the quantum flux periodicity at zero temperature. However the sign of the current may change as disorder or temperature is increased. A generalization of the parity effect, previously discussed by Legett, Loss and Kusmartsev is described for the case where there are electrons with spin, influenced by finite temperature and disorder.
Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle: A Bibliography of Published Works

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Johnny Gruelle, known less by his name and more often as the 'Raggedy Ann man', worked all his life as an artist. His whimsical drawings and astute observations inspired a number of other artists and cartoonists, including Theodore Giesel and Mary Engelbright. The publications of Johnny Gruelle have been exhaustively researched and extensively catalogued in this bibliography. The foremost expert on Gruelle and his creations, Patricia Hall has compiled a beautiful volume bound to delight die-hard Raggedy collectors, Gruelle bibliophiles, and casual readers alike. With hundreds of illustrations from Gruelle's publications, this book is more than just a bibliography, it is an annotated photographic history of one of this country's greatest contributors to children's literature.
Response of the canine corneal endothelium to intraocular irrigation with saline solution, balanced salt solution, and balanced salt solution with glutathione

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The right or left anterior chamber of 12 dogs (ie, 24 eyes) was irrigated with 100 ml of 0.9% saline solution, balanced salt solution, or balanced salt solution with glutathione (8 eyes/solution) for 22 minutes. Changes in endothelial cell density and corneal thickness from pretreatment values were evaluated immediately after, and at 2 and 7 days after irrigation. Using specular microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, corneas were examined immediately after and at 2, 7, and 14 days after irrigation. Changes were not seen in endothelial cell density after irrigation with any of the solutions evaluated. Corneal thickness increased 4% immediately after irrigation with 0.9% saline solution and returned to normal by 1 week after irrigation; treatment with 0.9% saline solution was not associated with visible corneal edema. Ultrastructural changes attributable to differences in irrigating solution composition were not observed. The difference between the endothelium's response to limited irrigation with saline solution, balanced salt solution, and balanced salt solution with glutathione was small and irrigation with these solutions was not associated with permanent endothelial damage.
Professor José Luis Capelo Martinez, a researcher who believes that science and technology have a direct and tangible impact on human well-being kindly granted BrJAC an interview

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

J. L. Capelo, PhD, gets his bachelor’s degree in chemistry by the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), his doctorate in Analytical Chemistry by University of Vigo, UVIGO (Spain, award to the best doctoral thesis 2002) and his Post-Doc from the Instituto Superior Técnico de Lisboa (Portugal). His academic career comprises assistant to staff and lecturer at the UVIGO; research fellow at the Chemistry Department of the New University of Lisbon, CD-FCT-UNL, research fellow at the CDUVIGO, and assistant professor at the CD-FCT- UNL. Currently he is Associate Professor at the CD-FCT-UNL. Dr. Capelo is co-head of the bioscopegroup (www.bioscopegroup.org.) and his CV comprises (up to October 2023): 290 manuscripts; 250 congress communications (orals and posters); 23 projects; 2 Patents, 1 license agreement and 3 books (1 authored and 2 edited). He has chaired 65 international conferences and is presently involved in the direction of 7. He was a member of the advisory board of Talanta from 2006 to 2014 and is Editor in Chief of the on-line Journal JIOMICS (www.JIOMICS.com) since its creation in 2011. He is presently mentoring or co-mentoring a total of 3 doctoral theses, and he has mentored 3 post-doctoral grants, 10 doctoral grants, 9 masters and 8 final projects. His current research interest is devoted to developing new methodological approaches in personalised medicine using new proteomics approaches and unravelling bacterial resistance to antibiotics. He is a Fellow Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, member of the American Chemical Society and member of the Portuguese Society of Chemistry. H index 45 (Scopus Scholar). 8300 Citations. His skills include sampling and sample treatment for trace metals; metal speciation, proteomics, biomarker discovery; food chemistry; and development and validation of analytical procedures. Analytical techniques: HPLC-ICP-MS, ET-AAS, F-AAS, CVAAS, HG- AAS, HG-AFS, MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-IT-MS/MS. Teaching (theory and laboratory) in Analytical Biochemistry, Proteomics, and related disciplines. H index 40, circa 8000 citations. Awards: Best 2002 Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry. University of Vigo. Spain. Rainbow Prize 2017.
Broad Spectrum Chemotherapy: A Novel Approach Using Beta-Galactosidase Activated Pro-Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with increasing incidence rates in the aging male, presenting a formidable public health problem. Gene therapy has been successfully exploited in several clinical trials. beta-galactosidase(beta-gal) as a reporter gene, has historically been the most popular gene for molecular biology work. A series expression lacZ gene vector was developed and two kinds of prostate cancer cells were screened by histology (X-Galstaining) and beta-gal activity assay method to find highly expressing clones for the lacZ gene. Western blotting confirmed results. It will introduce a novel concept for further exploration for gene therapy using 1beta-galactosidase to activate a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic to assess the efficacy of the prodrugs in vitro and explore growth delay in animal models.
The Biologic Stability of the Industrial Evolution

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We compare G7 life expectancies with the existential conditions from 1870 to date, using the real annual outputs of goods and services per capita as a measure of existential conditions. Wars destroy analytic relations, but life insurers eliminate catastrophic losses, and the outputs have an envelope representing the undisturbed existential condition. Both evolutions are S-functions with the same growth parameter of 62 years. Its length bridging three generations and its constancy over two orders of magnitude in output implies biologic pace control. For the first time it is seen that the mean life expectancy precedes the existential condition by a constant 59 years and approaches asymptotically an age of 118. This precedence and the ratio of 2 follow quantitatively from life’s integration over the existential condition. On the conditions of stable environment and openness to new knowledge, the industrial evolution will continue as a stable predictable process, immune to world wars and financial breakdowns.
Enhancing Industrial Operator Training through BIM-Enriched Virtual Reality Scenes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In today's evolving industrial landscape, enhancing workforce resilience by improving the ability to navigate complex and unforeseen scenarios, is essential. This paper explores the role of training, especially during disruptions, introducing an innovative approach that combines Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR). This aims to ease the creation of automatic BIM-enriched VR training environments. However, this process revealed some technical challenges that need to be addressed for an effective implementation. Therefore, this paper covers the theoretical background of VR and BIM, their common applications, and develops the conceptual basis of BIM-enriched VR models. A prototype of this integration has been developed, based on the case study proposed. This allowed to highlight the challenges the paradigm entails and for the definition of suggestions to overcome them.