jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical experience of total hip arthroplasty with Metha short stem combined with OCM approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and early results of Metha short stem implantation combined with OCM(Orthopedische Chirurgie Muenchen) approach in total hip arthroplasty.Methods 12 cases of end-stage hip diseases and injuries(13 hips) received total hip arthroplasties with surgical techniques of Metha short stem implantation and OCM approach.They were allowed to leave the bed with the assistance of a walker on the third day after surgery and to take full weight bearing without any assistance 1 month after surgery.Results All the cases were followed up for 10~24 months.All the patients achieved significant improvement of hip function.Harris scores went up to 88~96 points postoperatively.No complication such as prosthesis loosening,hip dislocation,deep infection and thrombosis embolism happened.Conclusions Metha short stem has advantages of bone stock preservation owing to its small size and metaphyseal fixation mechanism.If it performed with proper techniques of implantation through the OCM approach,it can achieve good results.
Cyclosporine-induced adenosine triphosphate depletion in murine T and B lymphocytes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adenosine metabolism in C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells was studied. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in resting T cells were 26.9 +/- 3.4 ng/10(5) cells compared with 16.5 +/- 3.1 ng/10(5) cells in resting B cells. Cyclosporine (CSA) caused a prompt and severe ATP depletion in both T and B cells, which could be mitigated by the addition of adenosine. B cell ATP levels were returned to normal while T cell levels were only partially restored. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2 hydroxy-3 nonyl) adenine (EHNA) also caused ATP depletion in T and B cells, which could similarly be prevented in part by the addition of adenosine. However, when CSA and EHNA were combined, adenosine could no longer protect ATP pools and severe ATP depletion in T and B cells occurred. This suggests that CSA and EHNA affect different steps in the conversion of adenosine to ATP. Although both T and B cell ATP levels were affected by CSA, the ability of supplementary substrate to restore ATP levels to normal in B cells but not in T cells may explain the apparent selective effect of CSA impairing T cell functions with sparing of B cell functions. Furthermore, if causing ATP depletion is associated with immunosuppressive activity, EHNA may be useful in potentiating the immunosuppressive effects of CSA.
Long non-coding RNA LINC00346 regulates proliferation and apoptosis by targeting miR-128-3p/SZRD1 axis in glioma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LINC00346/miR-128-3p/SZRD1 axis played a crucial role in modulating the malignant progression of glioma, which may serve as a prognostic indicator and a probable therapeutic target for glioma.
Sale of Goods: Reading and Applying the Code

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This law school textbook uses precisely crafted problems, allowing students to actively parse the language of Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) themselves, rather than relying more passively on cases or explanatory text. Cases and other material are included when necessary to furnish rules or interpretations not derivable by students' own reading and analysis. The book also incorporates relevant material from Articles 1 and 7, and from related statutes such as Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA), the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (E-Sign), and an assignment on the economic loss doctrine.
THE GALACTOPOIETIC EFFECT OF IODINATED CASEIN: DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS DURING PROLONGED TREATMENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. In an experiment involving fifty-nine cows, the relative values were assessed of daily dosages of 15, 20 and 25 g. of iodinated casein incorporated in cattle cubes. Treatment was continued from 3 months after calving for 28 weeks, except on cows which went dry before this time. 2. The expected increase in milk yield lasted for 8 weeks, after which the response to the two lower doses quickly disappeared. The response to 25 g. of iodinated casein was maintained at a reduced level throughout the period of treatment. 3. The yield of butter fat reacted very similarly to milk yield. 4. There was no effect on the proportions of butter fat or of non-fatty solids in the milk. 5. Body weight was reduced by amounts proportional to the doses; this loss in weight gradually disappeared. After 12 weeks of treatment there were no significant differences between the groups. 6. There was no significant effect on the health of the cows or on their reproductive activity.
Efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid for molecular relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia during remission.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We analyzed the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as an early treatment for four acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients in remission who were PML/RARalpha-positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or fluorescence in situ hybridization. ATRA 45 mg/m2 was administered orally. All became negative for PML/RARalpha transcripts after 3 to 6 months of ATRA treatment. However, the PML/RARalpha transcripts subsequently reverted to positive in three cases. Although retreatment with ATRA failed to prevent hematological relapse in two patients, one case remains in hematological remission. No serious side effects were encountered during ATRA treatment. These findings suggest that early treatment of ATRA for PML/RARalpha-positive APL patients in remission may have a therapeutic benefit and prolong the duration of hematological remission without chemotherapy.
The automatic programming of simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The effective extension of simulation techniques demands the use of computers and the provision of automatic coding aids. This paper outlines a programme of work which has contributed to this extension by devising a simulation language which can be subjected to automatic coding by a Ferranti ‘Pegasus’ Computer. A master program has been written which executes the coded statements within a common structure which applies to all simulation experiments. The structure depends on representing the plant as a collection of machines in various states. A change of state of any machine is an ‘event’, and the program predicts successive events and changes the plant state accordingly. The predictions are based on a series of logical rules concerning the necessary states of machines for processes to commence, and uses sampling techniques to determine their conclusion. The simulation language is designed for describing the logical rules. Experience so far with this scheme indicates a substantial saving of time in writing and testing computer simulations, with no severe loss of running speed. It has been found flexible enough to deal with a wide range of different problems.
Ring closure reactions of cyclic 2‐arylaminomethylene‐1,3‐diones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 5‐Arylaminomethylene compounds such as 5‐arylaminomethylenepyrimidine‐2,4,6‐triones 2 or 2‐phenylaminomethylenephenalene‐1,3‐dione 13 cyclize by thermolysis via migration of the arylamino group to pyrimido[4,5‐ b ]quinoline‐2,4‐diones 6 or 7‐oxo‐7 H ‐naphtho[1,8‐ bc ]acridine 15 , respectively. 2‐Phenylaminomethylenecyclohexane‐1,3‐dione 8 cyclizes to 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthridin‐7(8 H )‐one 11 without rearrangement.
Recurrent Psoas Syndrome Secondary to Urolithiasis and Indwelling Ureteral Stent

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Strong evidence-based guidelines exist for the evaluation and treatment of the acute medical consequences of urolithiasis, however, less emphasis has been placed on the assessment of acute and chronic musculoskeletal effects. In our case report, a 35-year-old male who develops a chronic psoas syndrome secondary to an episode of ureterolithiasis and ureteral stent placement is subsequently treated with long-term osteopathic manual medicine (OMM). Our case suggests that urolithiasis may be associated with the development of psoas syndrome – a condition that may be amenable to OMM. The specific treatment modalities discussed may be utilized to decrease symptomatology for patients presenting with similar findings.
Keith Howard. Songs for ‘Great Leaders’: Ideology and Creativity in North Korean Music and Dance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Visiting or working in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK – North Korea), you quickly become aware of the allpervasiveness of music. Stay in a hotel in the capital, Pyongyang, and you will be woken up at least once a week, except in winter, by a band playing on the street outside. The music will be in a standard format; almost certainly in march-time, and vaguely familiar – perhaps Russian? It will be the same at a concert or to a theatrical performance. Listen carefully, however, and you realise that it is not any piece of music that you know. To understand this, and much more about the DPRK, readers now have Keith Howard's comprehensive English language account and interpretation. Howard has had a long and distinguished career as an authority on Korean music. Much of his writing has been on traditional music in the Republic of Korea (ROK – South Korea), from its origins in court and religious rituals through to today's vibrant popular music, but he has periodically looked at the music scene and the role of music in the DPRK.
Experiences of the maternal role and support in mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In Sweden, when needed, children of mothers with cognitive limitations are placed in foster homes. There is a lack of knowledge about the mothers with cognitive limitations, their experiences of their maternal role, whether they get the support needed to maintain the relationship with their children, and whether the support system is adapted to mothers with cognitive limitations. The aim was to describe the experiences of the maternal role and support given in mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement. An explorative and qualitative design was used. Eleven respondents were interviewed with support from a study‐specific guide. A model representing the respondents' experiences revealed one theme “Struggling, dependent and frustrated mothers,” and three categories: I am a mother, I am dependent on an incomprehensible system, and I reluctantly accept my situation. Mothers with children in placement experience a threat to their identity and experience a need to alter their maternal role. They need adapted support to understand the decisions made and facilitate the cooperation with child protection services and the foster home. Offering service adapted to their cognitive limitations could be helpful for the struggling, dependent, and frustrated mothers.
Lake varves and environmental history

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Varves are one of the most important terrestrial archives of past environments with an annual- to century-scale resolution. Sediments from small and deep maar lakes have great potential in this respect due to their specific conditions for the formation and preservation of the laminated sediments. The coring operation was undertaken in the autumn of 2006. Prior to the coring, an echo sounding investigation was carried out to search the lake bed configuration for exploring the best coring point, which was finally determined nearly at the centre of the lake. Initial sedimentological description and soft X-ray photos for the whole cores were recorded. Sediment records with a total length of 36.9 m were recovered from Lake Ichi-no-Megata. The six lithozones were determined according to macroscopically discernible sediment characteristics like material, colour, sedimentary structure and physical property records. The continuous laminated sediments of Lake Ichi-no-Megata have great potential for studying past environmental changes since the last glacial period.
A comparative study of oral health-related quality of life, depression, and periodontal health status of Turkish preclinical dental students

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: The behavior of dental students, future professionals, toward their own oral health is not only a reflection of their understanding of the importance of disease prevention and improving the oral health of their patients but also affects their daily life and personal satisfaction. Through their undergraduate study, dental students develop and modify their attitudes toward their own oral health, which must improve if they are to serve as positive models for their patients. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the quality of life and associated factors, such as level of depression, with the periodontal and smoking status of preclinical (1st, 2nd, and 3rd year) dental students. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of periodontal assessment and a survey. The survey included demographic data, smoking status, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: No difference was observed between classes in terms of mean global OHIP-14 scores and BDI scores. The mean plaque index scores of 2nd year students were statistically higher than other students. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day of 1st year students was significantly lower than other students. Conclusion: Current literature indicates that dental students have higher levels of depression, which correlates with higher smoking rates and lower oral health-related quality of life.
Musical expertise modulates the cost of crossmodal divided attention between vision and audition in behavior but not in tonic pupil dilation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dividing attention across sensory modalities has been shown to impair performance (e.g. Ciaramitaro et al., 2017), suggesting attention is a limited resource shared across the senses. Musical training often involves the flexible use of two or more senses concurrently (e.g. reading musical scores and listening to sounds) and has been shown to reduce the cost of unimodal dual-task performance (Moradzadeh et al., 2015). Yet, little is known regarding how musical experience might reduce the cost of crossmodal divided attention. Here we compared the cost of crossmodal divided attention in a dual-task in musicians and non-musicians combining psychophysics and pupillometry. 15 amateur musicians (8F, 10+ years of musical training) and 17 non-musicians (10F, 0-5 years of musical training) participated. Each trial contained two intervals, each with a binaural white noise sound and a RSVP of letters at fixation. A Tobii eye tracker was used to monitor eye position and pupil diameter. Participants reported which interval contained an amplitude-modulated sound, with modulation depth varying across trials. Concurrently, participants reported either, in the easy visual condition, which interval contained white letters (color detection), or in the hard visual condition, which interval contained more 'A's (quantity discrimination). We compared visual task accuracy, auditory thresholds, and mean baseline pupil dilation (-500 to 0ms relative to stimulus onset) across easy and hard conditions, to quantify the cost of crossmodal divided attention. We expected a smaller cost on auditory performance from attending a harder versus easier visual task in musicians compared to non-musicians. We found a smaller cost for musicians compared to non-musicians, as expected, but only in male, and not female participants. We found no difference in baseline pupil diameter across tasks and groups, suggesting participants were equally aroused/engaged in the experiment. Our results highlight the role of musical expertise in crossmodal attention. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Desain Dan Implementasi Generator Mikro Hidro Bepenggerak Aliran Air

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is a lot of mechanical energy that can be used to be converted into electrical energy. One of them is water flow which is often found in irrigation and sanitation channels. Irrigation channels could be made into a dam, so that the water pressure is high enough to rotate the turbine. The mechanical energy from the turbine rotation can be utilized to rotate the AC generator by using a pulley, to produce a faster rotation, it can make a pulley comparison so that it can generate a greater voltage. By using a 3 phase permanent magnet synchronous generator. The 3-phase AC voltage generated by the generator can be rectified using a 3-phase diode bridge, the electricity output that has become DC current can charge the battery provided where the voltage from the generator must be higher than the voltage of the battery. Battery charging requires a charger controller so that the incoming voltage does not exceed the adjustable voltage for charging the battery, the charger controller can also be used as a breaker when the battery is full and automatically charges when the battery needs to be charged. Batteries can be used to supply the lighting at night. By using an LDR-based sensor to activate the switch, a relay is needed as a switch to turn on the lamp and a fuse as a breaker when the current exceeds the limit or there is a short circuit between the positive and negative wires.
Do learning communities increase first year college retention? Evidence from a randomized control trial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we estimate the impact of a learning community on first-year college retention at a four-year public research university using a randomized control trial (RCT) for those students who opt into the experiment. Intent-to-treat and local-average-treatment-effect estimates reveal no discernable programmatic effects. We also generate estimates of program impact using observational techniques and find estimated impacts that are positive, large and statistically significant. We explore a variety of selection processes to better understand the differences between the RCT and observational estimates and to reflect on the generalizability of the RCT results for various other populations of interest. Non-random selection into the experimental sample accounts for the major difference in the two estimates and also cautions against generalizing the RCT result for populations outside the experiment.
Agent-Based Modelling Approach for Distributed Decision Support in an\n IoT Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An increasing number of emerging applications, e.g., internet of things,\nvehicular communications, augmented reality, and the growing complexity due to\nthe interoperability requirements of these systems, lead to the need to change\nthe tools used for the modeling and analysis of those networks. Agent-Based\nModeling (ABM) as a bottom-up modeling approach considers a network of\nautonomous agents interacting with each other, and therefore represents an\nideal framework to comprehend the interactions of heterogeneous nodes in a\ncomplex environment. Here, we investigate the suitability of ABM to model the\ncommunication aspects of a road traffic management system, as an example of an\nInternet of Things (IoT) network. We model, analyze and compare various Medium\nAccess Control (MAC) layer protocols for two different scenarios, namely\nuncoordinated and coordinated. Besides, we model the scheduling mechanisms for\nthe coordinated scenario as a high level MAC protocol by using three different\napproaches: Centralized Decision Maker, DESYNC and decentralized learning MAC\n(L-MAC). The results clearly show the importance of coordination between\nmultiple decision makers in order to improve the accuracy of information and\nspectrum utilization of the system.\n
Immunologic differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from hyperparathyroidism due to nonparathyroid cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 54 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in 18 consecutive patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism due to nonparathyroid cancer without apparent skeletal metastasis. Although serum calcium concentration was higher in the group with ectopic hyperparathyroidism, serum IPTH was lower (rank sum test, P < 0.001) and was undetectable in eight. A second anti-PTH antiserum also differentiated between IPTH in the two groups, although IPTH was undetectable in only 1 of 14 sera. When IPTH values in serial dilutions were plotted, slopes for the two patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism who had relatively high IPTH were less (P < 0.001) than slopes for standard hyperparathyroid sera. By using differences in either IPTH rank or slope of the dilutional curve of sera, primary hyperparathyroidism could be excluded as a cause of the hypercalcemia in 16 of the 18 patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism. The data are interpreted as indicating that PTH-like material in the serum of these patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism is immunologically different from the PTH in the serum of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
LMI optimization approach to robust H<inf>&#x221E;</inf> filtering for discrete-time nonlinear uncertain systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new approach for the design of robust H infin filter for a class of discrete-time Lipschitz nonlinear systems with time-varying uncertainties is proposed based on linear matrix inequalities. Thanks to the linearity of the proposed LMIs in both the admissible Lipschitz constant of the system and the disturbance attenuation level, they can be simultaneously optimized through convex optimization. The resulting H infin observer guarantees exponential stability of the estimation error dynamics with guaranteed decay rate and is robust against time-varying parametric uncertainties. The proposed observer has also an extra important feature, robustness against nonlinear additive uncertainty. Explicit norm-wise and element- wise bounds on the tolerable nonlinear uncertainty are derived.
The Impact of Liberalization on the Production of Electricity in Japan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to measure the impact of liberalization on the efficiency of electricity production in Japan, and to examine whether or not economies of scope exist between electricity generation and transmission. Since 1995, liberalization of the electricity market in Japan has been phased in and regulations on entry have been relaxed three times. One motivation for these regulatory changes has been to improve the efficiency of electricity production by introducing competition. Using a panel data set on the nine main power companies in Japan over the period 1970-2010, estimates of fixed-effects and stochastic frontier models of the cost function are obtained and compared. Estimates of the cost function show that liberalization has improved cost efficiency. Economies of scope are found to exist for all firms.