jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
First-Principles Study on the Selective Detection of Toxic Gases by 2D Monolayer PdS2: Insight into Charge Transfer Dynamics and Alignment of Frontier Molecular Orbitals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Detecting toxic gas molecules is of great significance for industry and public health. However, how to select and design highly sensitive and selective gas sensors has been a great challenge. In the present study, we explore the adsorption properties of monolayer PdS2 for the NH3, N2O, NO2, NO, CO, H2S, SO2, SO2F2, and SOF2 toxic gas molecules by first-principles calculations. By combined analyses of adsorption energy, adsorption distance, charge transfer, electronic structure, work function, and recovery time, the selectivity and sensitivity of the monolayer PdS2 to NO2, NO, and SO2 toxic gas molecules are identified. The adsorptions of NO2, NO, and SO2 lead to obvious changes of the electronic structure and charge transfer for the monolayer PdS2, which are further analyzed based on the frontier molecular orbitals theory. Additionally, NO adsorption effectively leads the work function of monolayer PdS2 to reduce by 17%, and the recovery time of the monolayer PdS2 sensor at room temperature is estimated to be considerably short for NO2, NO, and SO2 gases. The present study not only uncovered that the monolayer PdS2 can be used as a promising reusable sensing material featured with high selectivity and excellent sensitivity for environmentally hazardous gas molecules but also proposed a strategy for screening suitable sensing material by comparing the frontier molecular orbitals of the gas molecules with the band edges of the candidate adsorption materials, which will attract more attention from the wide audience working in the low-dimensional material system.
Genetic architecture of biofortification traits in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) revealed through association analysis and linkage mapping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed mineral elements are essential not only for seed germination and seedling morphological formation but also for human health. The genetic dissection of seed mineral accumulation is important for mineral biofortification in soybean. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling mineral element accumulation are genetically complex because a number of genetic loci are involved in the metabolic pathways of mineral accumulation in seeds. The objective of this study was to detect the genetic loci for mineral concentrations in soybean seeds, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for the corresponding traits was performed in 184 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and 219 culti- vated soybean accessions. The data for each year and the average across 2 years were used for identification and mapping of QTL controlling seed mineral con- centrations. Linkage mapping in the RILs identified totally 35 significant QTL for the five seed mineral concentrations in three cases, some of which were co- localized. Association mapping in the 219 accessions detected 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associ- ated with the seed mineral concentrations. Among these, BARC-018099-02516, which was associated with seed Zn concentration, was located close to qZn- 11-2. There were 20 putative mineral-related genes in interesting regions of mineral QTL. Three QTL for seed weight were mapped in the RILs, two QTL for seed weight were co-localized with seed Ca, Zn and P concentration QTL which anchored to the same region on chromosome 11. These results will provide a profound understanding of the genetic basis for seed mineral accumulation in soybean seeds and the foundation for mineral biofortification through mar- ker-assisted selection breeding.
Mohnarin report 2010:Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial resistance to common antibiotics of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in China in 2010. METHODS According to the requirements of Mohnarin for monitoring,clinical isolates were collected,the susceptibilities of isolates to antimicrobial agents were determined by using CLSI(2010) guideline and the susceptibility data were processed with Whonet 5.6 software. RESULTS A total of 2057 H.influenzae isolates and 1148 H.parainfluenzae isolates were obtained from 129 hospitals involved in the monitoring.The resistance rates of H.influenza and H.parainfluenzae to ampicillin were 45.0% and 42.5%,respectively;the resistant rate of H.influenzae to fluoroquinolone was less than 30.0%,and the resistance rate of H.parainfluenzae was around 40.0%,the in vitro antibacterial activity of H.influenzae and H.parainfluenzae against carbapenems was more than 90.0%,and the resistant rates of H.influenzae and H.parainfluenzae to cephalosporins,chloramphenicol and azithromycin were below 30.0%. CONCLUSION Haemophilus are susceptible to most tested antibiotics.The primary mechanism of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus is production of beta-lactamases.
Acute Renal Failure Following Oral Cholecystography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the introduction of an ever-increasing number of potent drugs for clinical use, reports of untoward reactions have become numerous (1). It is nearly impossible for the overburdened physician to keep abreast of the pertinent literature. It is imperative that the patient be protected from harm; this does not mean, however, that an agent should be discredited at the first sign of an undesirable effect. It should be kept in mind that every effective drug, including the contrast media, has some action on living tissue. We are therefore dealing with a complex interaction, either on a cellular or organ level, as well as with the physiologic mechanism of detoxification and elimination. The terms “efficacy” and “safety” of a drug are solely relative. Review of the medical literature on oral cholecystographic contrast media reveals immediately an abundance of publications on the efficacy of contrast media, while the bibliography concerning excretory pathways, the underlying physical-biochemical phenomena that govern these pathways, and drug toxicity are sparse (2). Perhaps the relative paucity of reports of severe side-effects due to these contrast media has caused a false sense of security and thereby encouraged their indiscriminate use, often without due regard to proper dosage or clinical indication. Recent reports, however, suggest that oral cholecystographic media may give rise to side-effects of a serious nature (3–7). It seems necessary to re-examine the currently available information on the metabolism and elimination of oral cholecystographic media. This would mean, first, an understanding of the pharmacodynamic data such as absorption index, biologic half-life (period of time in which plasma drug level drops to 50 per cent of its maximum value), and elimination ratio. While the information on the absorption index and elimination ratio of these media is meager (2, 8–10), reports on the biologic half-life, as related to dosage and efficacy, are nonexistent. Yet the pharmacodynamic data constitute an important guide for the safe and effective dosage of each single contrast medium (2). Of equal importance is the functional capacity of those organs that playa role in the absorption metabolism and excretion of the oral cholecystographic media. Intestinal malabsorption of any sort interferes with the efficiency of the contrast agent. The liver plays an important part in the conjugation detoxification of these compounds. In a parenchymal liver disease such as cirrhosis, the decreased number of functioning hepatic cells permits only a limited clearance of the medium. Increasing the dose does not augment the conjugation and elimination of such media by the liver. Instead, high blood concentration of these opaque materials will result, leading to an increase in the renal excretion and a reversal of the ratio of hepatic elimination to renal elimination.
DEVELOPMENT OF CIPATUJAH BEACH'S POTENTIAL AS A TOURISM DESTINATION IN TASIKMALAYA REGENCY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to determine the potency that can be developed in Cipatujah Beach as a tourism destination in Tasikmalaya Regency. The potency of Cipatujah Beach is categorized based on Cooper theory (2000), those are 4 A aspects: attraction, accessibility, amenities and ancillary. Based on the results of data analysis, Cipatujah Beach has been qualified to reach those aspects with the right development plan. The research method that is used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The techniques of collecting the data are in-depth interview, observation, and triangulation. The technique of analyzing the data is SWOT analysis. The result of this research shows that Cipatujah Beach can be developed as a tourism destination by utilizing those aspects optimally. Besides, cooperation of stakeholders, local people and tourism industry is very required to create a good and systematic development, to keep the tourism sustainability. Tourism sustainability is an appropriate approach of Cipatujah Beach development as a considered tourism destination for the next generation without defaces the originality of tourism destination. Keywords: Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity, Ancillary, Sustainability Tourism.
Expression and Role of Connexin Proteins in Bovine Claw Epidermis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Gap junction mediated inter‐cellular communication plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis in skin. Gap junctions consist of hemi‐channels (connexons), which in turn are established by transmembrane proteins (connexins, Cx). The pattern of Cx‐ protein expression is characteristic for tissues and depends on the differentiational and functional state. Aim: As part of our investigations of cell biological causes for lameness in dairy cows we wanted to assess the expression of Cx‐proteins in relation to differentiation in bovine claw epidermis. Methods: We examined hoof tissue from five defined regions of the claws of 10 cows from the abattoir by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and by transmission electron microscopy. The following monoclonal antibodies were used: anti‐ Cx26, Cx31, Cx37 (ADI, USA) and anti‐Cx43 (Chemicon, USA). Immunohistochemistry was carried out on frozen and paraffin sections. Results: Cx43 was expressed in the bovine claw epidermis in a pattern described for skin. Cx43 expression was strongest in the stratum basale in all regions. Cells of the stratum spinosum expressed lower levels, and in terminal differentiating cells Cx43 was disappearing. Expression of Cx26, 31 and 37 showed a high variation between individuals and regions. Protein expression was verified by Western blotting. The formation of gap junctions in the respective layers was confirmed by electron microscopy. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that Cx 43 is expressed in bovine claw epidermis in a distribution similar to skin. Cx 43 is progressively downregulated with the progress of differentiation. This suggests a role of Cx43 in cellular coordination particularly in the early stages of differentiation. Results for Cx 26, 31 and 37 will be confirmed in further studies also on the mRNA level to get deeper insight in the regulation of Cx expression in claw epidermis. We hypothesize that Cx 43 plays a similar role in controlling differentiation as in skin and may be involved in disruption of claw horn formation in claw disorders. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Communities under the Lamecow project QLK5‐CT‐2002‐00969. The authors are solely responsible and the work does not necessarily represent the opinion of the European Communities.
Some Phonological Processes in an Akan Linguistic Game

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines some phonological processes observed in the Pig Latin; a linguistic game played in Akan, a Niger-Congo (Kwa) language. The Akan Pig Latin (henceforth APL), which is popularly known as Megesege is usually played among Akan youth. The purpose of this game varies from concealment to social identity establishment. This paper is a qualitative study of 200 stimuli of sentences in regular Akan constructions manipulated into the APL. The simple rule for playing the game is to syllabify an already existing word and to add a [CV] syllable to each of those segmented syllables. Through this manipulation of existing word, several phonological processes are observed including insertion, syllabification, palatalization etc. The paper presents a descriptive analysis of some of the processes and shows how the study of the APL can facilitate our understanding of the several phonological phenomena in Akan, even though it may display, in many parts, quite different patterns from what obtains in the regular Akan grammar.
Steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPS): a new tool for the accurate assessment of hearing in cochlear implant candidates [Abstract]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Determining hearing thresholds is crucial in assessing cochlear implant candidates; never more so than in young children unable to undergo behavioural audiometry. In these children an objective measure of hearing is desirable. Steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs) are potentials recorded from the scalp and simultaneously analysed. Stimuli ore amplitude and frequency modulated pure tones. A system has been developed which allows the presence of such a response to be automatically detected and the technique thus permits an objective, frequent specific assessment of hearing threshold to be mode in sleeping or awake subjects (1). This paper investigates the use of SSEPs in determining hearing thresholds in young profoundly deaf children who are candidates for cochlear implants. Responses in such patients are compared with those obtained in normal adults, neonates and experimental animals. Results indicate that the SSE? can provide a consistent and reliable measure of threshold and the technique appears to have a number of advantages over the auditory brainstem response: automated response detection removes the subjective element of threshold determination, higher levels of stimulus presentation are possible, low frequency threshold determination is more accurate and the testing procedure IS quicker.
Normal = Normative? The Role of Intelligent Agents in Norm Innovation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the results of several agent-based simulations, aiming to test the role of normative beliefs in the emergence and innovation of social norms, are presented and discussed. Rather than mere behavioral regularities, norms are here seen as behaviors spreading to the extent that and because the corresponding commands and beliefs do spread as well. On the grounds of such a view, the present work will endeavour to show that a sudden external constraint (e.g. a barrier preventing agents from moving among social settings) facilitates norm innovation: under such a condition, agents provided with a module for telling what a norm is can generate new (social) norms by forming new normative beliefs, irrespective of the most frequent actions.
Surrogate modeling of gravitational waves microlensed by spherically symmetric potentials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The anticipated observation of the gravitational microlensing of gravitational waves (GWs) promises to shed light on a host of astrophysical and cosmological questions. However, extracting the parameters of the lens from the modulated GWs requires accurate modeling of the lensing amplification factor, accounting for wave-optics effects. Analytic solutions to the lens equation have not been found to date, except for a handful of simplistic lens models. While numerical solutions to this equation have been developed, the time and computational resources required to evaluate the amplification factor numerically make large-scale parameter estimation of the lens (and source) parameters prohibitive. On the other hand, surrogate modeling of GWs has proven to be a powerful tool to accurately, and rapidly, produce GW templates at arbitrary points in parameter space, interpolating from a finite set of available waveforms at discrete parameter values. In this work, we demonstrate that surrogate modeling can also effectively be applied to the evaluation of the time-domain microlensing amplification factor $\widetilde{F}(t)$. We show this by constructing $\widetilde{F}(t)$ for two lens models, viz. point-mass lens, and singular isothermal sphere, which notably includes logarithmic divergence behaviour. We find both surrogates reproduce the original lens models accurately, with mismatches $\lesssim 5 \times 10^{-4}$ across a range of plausible microlensed binary black hole sources observed by the Einstein Telescope. This surrogate is between 5 and $10^3$ times faster than the underlying lensing models, and can be evaluated in about 100 ms. The accuracy and efficiency attained by our surrogate models will enable practical parameter estimation analyses of microlensed GWs.
Modeling the Temporal Relationship of Casualty Reports to the Operational Propulsion Plant Exam

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report applies modern categorical data analysis to the problem of describing the probability laws of casualty reports of United States ships of the line in relation to the type of casualty and temporal nearness of the Operational Propulsion Plant Exam. It sets an example as to how data of this type are analyzed, to treat questions relating to competing modes of analysis, and to provide direction in the use of currently available software. Categorical data analysis, loglinear models, Operational Propulsion Plant Exam.
A ‘Psychology Core Graphics Resource Pack’ for HE: The development of a resource to support blind and visually impaired students in higher education

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This project investigated the provision of a set of core tactile and large print diagrams and supporting materials for degree level psychology study, containing diagrams that are central to the majority of UK psychology courses, as an alternative to providing many different bespoke diagrams for individual students. Interviews with 12 blind and visually impaired psychology students and graduates and four psychology lecturers established that such a pack would be a useful resource. After in-depth research of the psychology curriculum and reviews of popular textbooks, a prototype ‘Psychology Core Graphics Resource Pack’ was designed in further consultation with end-users and experts. This contained 33 core tactile and large print diagrams, descriptions of 21 other images, and good practice guidelines for staff and students with a range of visual impairments and tactile diagram experience. An initial evaluation with three visually impaired participants confirmed that the pack was a beneficial resource for blind and visually impaired psychology students and staff at a range of levels. The final challenge for the project is to establish how best to market, produce and disseminate packs to relevant end-users on a larger scale.
Legislature size and council member diversity: evidence from Brazilian municipalities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper examines the impact of marginal changes in municipal council size on the diversity of candidates and elected councilors in Brazil, focusing on age, gender, race, and educational attainment. Understanding how institutional changes affect representation is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of legislative reforms in promoting political diversity. Design/methodology/approach We employ a regression discontinuity design (RDD) using population thresholds set by Constitutional Amendment 58/2009. The analysis covers the 2017–2020 and 2021–2024 electoral cycles, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Superior Electoral Tribunal (TSE). This methodology allows for a causal interpretation of the impact of small adjustments in council size on political representation. Findings Our results indicate that marginal increases in council size lead to a higher absolute number of non-white and high school-educated councilors but do not significantly change their proportional representation. Moreover, no significant effects are observed for gender or age diversity. These results suggest that the specific institutional adjustment examined—expanding council size within existing rules—does not meaningfully increase political diversity, highlighting the role of broader systemic factors. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on political identity and institutional design by examining the interplay between legislative size and electoral outcomes. It also informs debates about whether structural changes in local governance effectively promote diversity or whether alternative interventions are needed.
Power control of DC microgrid using DC bus signaling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

DC microgrid is an effective solution to integrate renewable energy sources with conventional utility grid, especially for photovoltaic generation. A DC microgrid configuration based on modular photovoltaic generation system and energy storage devices, which features good redundancy and high efficiency, is investigated in this paper. In order to optimize energy utilization, a power management scheme for DC microgrid is proposed, which consists of four operation modes. The DC bus voltage level is employed as an information carrier to distinguish different modes. Control methods of modular PV converters, battery converter and grid-connected converter are addressed. An automatic control method for modular PV converters is proposed to realize smooth switching between constant voltage operation and MPPT operation, which enables the DC bus voltage regulation capability of modular PV converters. This control method maintains the power balance of DC microgrid under extreme conditions such as the islanding mode with full-charged batteries. Experiments verify the practical feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.