jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gait muscle activity differences between young, middle - aged and older adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Muscle activity, along with muscle strength and mass, are reported to decline with age. Previous studies have identified gait muscle activity difference between young and older adults but not many have been done on middle-aged adults. Surface electromyography (SEMG) techniques used to identify muscle activity differences lacked details about SEMG profile alignment protocols. The objective of this project is to examine age-related difference in muscle activity of the lower extremity between young (20-30 years old), middle-aged (40-60 years old) and older (60+ years old) adults for aligned SEMG profiles of ten gait muscles of fifteen participants (five in each age group) in four different types of footwear. After rectifying and processing the data, Student’s t-test was used to compare the data between young and middle-aged adults, middle-aged and older adults and, young and older adults. Significant gait muscle activity differences (p< 0.05) were observed in most of the lower extremity muscles between young and middle-aged adults, middle-aged and older adults, and young and older adults. The four types of footwear have different effects on the muscle activity for the three age groups, with MBT footwear causing the highest activity on older adults.
Discrimination in interviews

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine what questions the potential employer may and may not ask in an interview. Design/methodology/approach Contrasts the behavior of Sir Alan Sugar, on the television program The Apprentice , with how interviewers should behave in more “normal” circumstances. Highlights the value of training to help to ensure that this happens. Findings Reveals that online training can help to keep employees up to date with the latest changes in the law. People can access just‐in‐time learning in their own way, and concentrate on the topics of most interest or value to them. They can find out answers discreetly, without losing face in front of their peers in a classroom. Practical implications Underlines that legal provisions often reinforce what organizations should be doing anyway, in the interests of good HR practice. Originality/value Provides clarity on an often‐misunderstood area of the law.
Development of a wireless sensor for vibration measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Mass Rapid Transit, more commonly known as MRT, is a rapid transit system linking the major estates of Singapore. It is the backbone of Singapore’s transport system and was first established on 7 November 1987, officially opening in 1988 [1]. In 2015 and 2016, the rapid transit system was hit with a spate of train service disruptions [2]. Investigations conducted discovered that the cause of these incidents can be attributed to track faults, however corrective actions could not be employed immediately since the exact location of the fault is unknown. Engineers and technicians were required to scour the area along the tracks to locate the fault and this took an enormous amount of time and resources [3]. This resulted in prolonged disruption to services as action could not be implemented effectively. The aim of this report is to explore the use of wireless vibration sensors as part of a track monitoring system. A simplified model of the train-track system will first be created. A MATLAB code using Ritz method will then be written to simulate the vibration patterns of the track’s rail. Experiments involving the use of a vibration sensor in SMRT trains will be conducted and the vibration results will be compared with the mode shapes obtained from the MATLAB simulation. Vibration sensors that can not only collect data on the vibration levels of the track but also transmit this information using wireless technology to a parent device can greatly enhance the efficiency of the monitoring system. A list of such sensors will be compiled and experiments concerning the communication range will be conducted to examine the suitability of such sensors in the Singapore railway system.
Partnerships, Configurations and Dynamics in the Creation and Development of SMEs by Researchers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the nature of high-tech firms created by academic researchers and the key factors that lead to their successful evolution. The author bases his remarks on a survey of 250 French high-tech companies with their origins in public research centres. He argues against the stereotypical representation of the academic as a poor entrepreneur and identifies common characteristics and expertise required by academic research workers and managers of high-tech SMEs. He demonstrates that the spin-off companies which have developed most successfully have been those with the greatest ability to bring into play a wide range of resources and skills, working through partnerships and networks, at local, national and international levels.
Significant dust simulation differences in nudged and climatological operation mode of the AGCM ECHAM

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The geographical distribution and the seasonal variability of soil dust aerosol have been investigated with the climate model ECHAM4. Two experiments have been performed: a climatological with prescribed climatological sea surface temperatures (CLIM) and a nudged where the model is forced by ECMWF Reanalysis data of the particular years 1986–1991 (NUDGE). The mean geographical distribution and the seasonal variability of mineral dust alter between the different modes of operation of the climate model. Largest deviations occur in Northern Hemisphere winter and are related to the overestimation and the mislocation of the Azores high in ECHAM4. The Saharan dust plume is shifted farther north in CLIM compared to NUDGE and Meteosat satellite observations with significant implication for the cross‐Atlantic transport. In the dust source regions the wind speed distribution is slightly shifted and creates a twofold difference in total dust emissions. Our results indicate that the mode of operation of the climate model seems to be as important as the interannual variability of the dust cloud by climate variations alone.
The Effects of Keyboard Experiences on Rhythmic Responses of Elementary School Children with Physical Disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Keyboard instruction using a new music software program was provided over a 10 week period to 8 students with physical disabilities. Students engaged in directed musical activities in both school and home settings under the direction of music and special educators. The students used a Macintosh computer with MIDI interface to replicate beat patterns at 120 beats per minute (bpm), at 64 bpm, and to maintain a self generated tempo. Graphic and statistical analyses showed mixed results. In general, six of the eight students showed varying degrees of improvement on the measures of tempo as a result of the music instruction, although type and severity of disability did not appear related to rhythm responses. The results are discussed in terms of both group and individual response patterns, and conclude with suggestions for future research.
Unlearning from demonstration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When doing learning from demonstration, it is often the case that the demonstrator provides corrective examples to fix errant behavior by the agent or robot. We present a set of algorithms which use this corrective data to identify and remove noisy examples in datasets which caused errant classifications, and ultimately errant behavior. The objective is to actually modify the source datasets rather than solely rely on the noise-insensitivity of the classification algorithm. This is particularly useful in the sparse datasets often found in learning from demonstration experiments. Our approach tries to distinguish between noisy misclassification and mere undersampling of the learning space. If errors are a result of misclassification, we potentially remove the responsible points and update the classifier. We demonstrate our method on UCI Machine Learning datasets at different levels of sparsity and noise, using decision trees, K-Nearest-Neighbor, and support vector machines. 1
THE ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE GIS SERVERS POSSIBILITIES FOR CREATION OF ELECTRONIC HERBARIUM WEB MAPPING SERVICE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SCIENTIFIC HERBARIUM OF THE BURYAT STATE UNIVERSITY)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An electronic herbarium published on the Internet allows greater access to the data collected by scientific herbarium for a wide range of users, and also provides remote operation from the herbarium materials. This article analyzes the open source software use to create web mapping service of an electronic herbarium. This article describes the requirements for the functionality of the software for creating web mapping service of electronic herbarium. The article gives a brief description and presents comparative characteristics of free web mapping servers MapServer, GeoServer, GeoMixer, QGIS Server, describes their advantages and disadvantages. The adaptation and conversion of an existing electronic database of Herbarium of the Buryat state University from excel format to vector format has been realized. Comparative analysis has shown that all four web mapping servers (MapServer, GeoServer, GeoMixer, QGIS Server) have sufficient functionality to create on their basis a web mapping service of electronic herbarium, but with some restrictions on certain parameters. A test version of web mapping service of electronic herbarium of the Buryat State University has been created based on UMN MapServer in conjunction with P.mapper. At the moment, the web mapping service includes the following layers: wms-layer of basic map, vector layer reflecting the place of collection of herbarium specimens and their characteristics, vector layer of districts’ boundaries of the Republic of Buryatia.
Field test of quantum key distribution over aerial fiber based on simple and stable modulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a simple time-bin phase encoding quantum key distribution system, using the optical injection locking technique. This setup incorporates both the merits of simplicity and stability in encoding, and immunity to channel disturbance. We have demonstrated the field implementation of quantum key distribution over long-distance deployed aerial fiber automatically. During the 70-day field test, we achieved approximately a 1.0 kbps secure key rate with stable performance. Our work takes an important step toward widespread implementation of QKD systems in diverse and complex real-life scenarios.
A bibliometric account of Chinese economics research through the lens of the China Economic Review

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Very few studies on the assessment and evolution of Chinese economics research draw on quantitative methods, namely bibliometrics. Bibliometrics is a powerful tool that helps to explore, organize and analyze large amounts of information in a quantitative manner. Selecting the most important economic journal focusing on the Chinese economy - the China Economic Review (CER) - we classified and assessed all the (512) articles that have been published in CER from its founding (1989) to December 2010. Based on these articles, and undertaking an exploratory statistical analysis on three databases - a 'bibliographic' database (512 articles), a 'roots' database (over 10 thousand citations), and an 'influence' database (over 3 thousand citations), we concluded that: 1) 'Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth'; 'Economic Systems', and 'International economics' are the most important topics for Chinese economics literature; 2) there is a trend in Chinese economics research for gro
Correspondence and queries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Correspondence and queries Get access DIANA POULTON DIANA POULTON 5 Wilton Square, Islington, London N1 3DL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume 4, Issue 2, April 1976, Pages 227-b–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/4.2.227-b Published: 01 April 1976
The Influence of Propyl Pyrazole Triol on the Post-Exercise Alpha Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Activation of Satellite Cells in Skeletal Muscle of Ovariectomized Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Estrogen has been shown to augment satellite cell activation, proliferation and total number and that this may occur through an estrogen receptor (ER) mediated mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ERs in the postexercise estrogen-induced augmentation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, the specific role of the ERα was examined through the use of an ERa agonist, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT). Ovariectomized rats were used (n=64) and separated into 4 groups: sham, estrogen supplemented, agonist supplemented and a combined estrogen and agonist supplemented group. These groups were further subdivided into control (unexercised) and exercise groups. Animals in the exercise group participated in an intermittent running protocol that involved animals running downhill on a motorized treadmill for 90 minutes. Surgical removal of white vastus and soleus muscles occurred 72 hours post-exercise. Muscle samples were immunostained for the satellite cell markers Pax7 and MyoD. Significant increases in total (Pax7-positive) and activated (MyoD-positive) satellite cells were found in all groups post-exercise. A further significant augmentation of total and activated satellite cells occurred in estrogen supplemented, agonist supplemented and the combined estrogen and agonist supplemented groups postexercise in white vastus and soleus muscles relative to unsupplemented animals. These results demonstrate that both estrogen and the ERα agonist, PPT, can significantly augment satellite cell number and activation following exercise-induced muscle damage. This suggests that estrogen acts through an ER-mediated mechanism to stimulate satellite cell activation and proliferation following exercise, with ERα playing a primary role.
CONTEXT OF FORMING STUDENTS’GRAMMAR SKILLS THROUGH TASKS IN MANUALS OF PAVLO TYCHYNA UMAN STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the analysis of the basic ways of developing grammar skills of future EFL teachers. It presents the most used set of exercises and tasks oriented to enhance foreign grammar skills and presented in educators’ manuals of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. It presents common and different characteristics of teaching books and educators’ manuals of the University. The article analyzes the popular modern approach to teaching grammar “present, then practise”. It proves that tasks in manuals aim to help teach grammar theory through practice of some lexical items and idioms, discourse and different styles of English as well.The aim of the article is to analyze the context of forming students’ grammar skills through tasks in manuals of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University; to find the common and different characteristics of teaching books and manuals.The article indicates the main ideal of manuals that is as following: to supplement or partly substitute the main teaching book; it contains the set of tasks to form chief students’ language skills; it has some recommendations for individual studying, refers to students’ syllabus and reflects the teaching needs of the faculty or university. It is proved that the approach “present, then practice” for teaching grammar should be organized in several steps that are clearly presented in educators’ manuals: 1) tasks to guess, compare the grammatical structure; 2) tasks to use the grammatical structure in students’ prepared speech; 3) writing tasks to practise grammatical structure; 4) tasks to practise grammatical structure on the spot.The conducted research indicates the importance of teaching grammar for understanding its meaning, finding grammar in discourse and choosing grammatical structures for forming different language styles. Keywords: foreign education; grammar skills; manuals; teaching books; students; set of language tasks; teaching grammar; future EFL teacher.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Vibrio vulnificus RtxA1 Elicit Protective Immunity through Distinct Mechanisms

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus causes rapidly progressing septicemia with an extremely high mortality rate (≥50%), even with aggressive antibiotic treatment. The bacteria secrete multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins, which are involved in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative Vibrio species. Recently, we reported that immunization with the C-terminal region of V. vulnificus RtxA1/MARTX Vv , RtxA1-C, elicits a protective immune response against V. vulnificus through a poorly defined mechanism. In this study, we generated a panel of new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against V. vulnificus RtxA1-C and investigated their protective efficacies and mechanisms in a mouse model of infection. Prophylactic administration of seven MAbs strongly protected mice against lethal V. vulnificus infection (more than 90% survival). Moreover, three of these MAbs (21RA, 24RA, and 47RA) demonstrated marked efficacy as postexposure therapy. Notably, 21RA was therapeutically effective against lethal V. vulnificus infection by a variety of routes. Using Fab fragments and a neutropenic mouse model, we showed that 21RA and 24RA mediate protection from V. vulnificus infection through an Fc-independent and/or neutrophil-independent pathway. In contrast, 47RA-mediated protection was dependent on its Fc region and was reduced to 50% in neutropenic mice compared with 21RA-mediated and 24RA-mediated protection. Bacteriological study indicated that 21RA appears to enhance the clearance of V. vulnificus from the blood. Overall, these studies suggest that humoral immunity controls V. vulnificus infection through at least two different mechanisms. Furthermore, our panel of MAbs could provide attractive candidates for the further development of immunoprophylaxis/therapeutics and other therapies against V. vulnificus that target the MARTX toxin.
[Clinical staging of bronchial carcinoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histology and stage make it possible to predict statistical life expectancy in patients with bronchial carcinoma. These data serve to select the appropriate therapeutic modality which may influence an individual patient's life expectancy and quality. If the tumor is presumably resectable, a search for extrathoracic metastases is conducted by computed tomography and bone scan only if clinically suspected. If ct-scans reveal enlarged and therefore probably malignant mediastinal lymph nodes, curative resection is evaluated by mediastinoscopy. Correlations also exist between stage and spontaneous course as well as the probability of treatment-induced remission and life prolongation in small cell lung cancer.
Inhibitory effect of clarithromycin on angiogenesis and tumor metastasis in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM To study the inhibitory effect of clarithromycin on angiogenesis and tumor metastasis in mice. METHODS Using quantitative analysis to compare hemoglobin and microvascular areas in Matrigel implant between the study group and the control group. The quantitation of microvessel density in tumor, occurrence of lung metastasis, tumor volume and mean survival time were analyzed in Lewis tumor bearing C57BL/6mice. RESULTS Quantitative analysis of hemoglobin and microvascular areas in Matrigel implant indicated that clarithromycin can inhibit angiogenesis at high concentration. Clarithromycin effectively reduced the quantitation of microvessel density in tumor, the number of tumor nodule in the lung and increased the mean survival time of tumor bearing mice. CONCLUSION Clarithromycin has inhibitory effect on angiogenesis and tumor metastasis and might have therapeutic value in tumor treatment.
PIV Measurement and Simulation of Building Thermal Plume under No-wind Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To investigate the buoyancy characteristics of building façades, this study deals with experimental and numerical investigations on building façade flow and temperature field in different façade temperature conditions with different height-aspect ratio of building facade. PIV measurements are conducted in a static wind platform for obtaining the mean velocity, the vertical velocity and the horizontal velocity around the building surface. To simulate the plume characteristics accurately, this study adopt three numerical model and compared the numerical results with the PIV experimental data. The result indicated that the simulation result of the RNG k-ε model best agreement with experimental data. Analysis of numerical results indicated that the wind speed kept increasing in the vertical direction, while the wind speed first increased and then decreased in the horizontal direction. The air temperature tended to be constant in the vertical direction, but air temperature first drooped sharply and tended to be constant in the horizontal direction. As the heat flow density increases, the building facade plume strength increases. When the wall heat flow increases from 100W/m2 to 200 W/m2, the maximum velocity of the wall increases by 1.6 m/s and the temperature increases by 15 °C.
'Not birth, marriage or death, but gastrulation': the life of a quotation in biology.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This history of a statement attributed to the developmental biologist Lewis Wolpert exemplifies the making and uses of quotations in recent science. Wolpert's dictum, 'It is not birth, marriage or death, but gastrulation which is truly the most important time in your life', was produced in a series of international shifts of medium and scale. It originated in his vivid declaration in conversation with a non-specialist at a workshop dinner, gained its canonical form in a colleague's monograph, and was amplified as a quotation on a poster derived from an undergraduate project. Although it drew on Wolpert's authority and he accepted his authorship, it thus represents a collective sifting of earlier claims for the significance of prenatal existence through the values of 1980s developmental biology. Juxtaposing a technical term with major life events has let teachers engage students, and researchers entice journalists, while sharing an in-joke that came to mark community identity. Serious applications include arguing for an extension of the fourteen-day limit on human-embryo research. On this evidence, quotations have been kept busy addressing every audience of specialized knowledge.
Cloprostenol prevents reperfusion induced fibrillation in isolated Langendorff heart preparation of guinea-pigs.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cloprostenol, a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin F2 alpha, exhibits antiarrhythmic properties against reperfusion induced fibrillation in guinea-pig hearts in vitro. It decreases the incidence of fibrillation from 75.0% to 0%. This antifibrillatory effect of cloprostenol could be confirmed also by in vivo experiments.