jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IL-17 and IL-23 Inhibitors Have the Fastest Time to Meaningful Clinical Response for Plaque Psoriasis: A Network Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Several treatment options with differing mechanisms exist for plaque psoriasis. The objective of this analysis was to compare the time to onset of action among the available systemic therapies for plaque psoriasis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that investigated two or more therapeutics for the management of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were included. A weighted average time for 50% of patients to reach PASI75 and PAI90 with each of the therapeutics was calculated. A network meta-analysis was performed to determine which therapeutics were significantly faster in time to meaningful clinical response than others. Results: IL-17 inhibitors had the shortest time to achieve PASI75 and PASI90 followed by risankizumab in the weighted mean analysis. In the meta-analysis, the fastest time to PASI75 was seen with bimekizumab, brodalumab and ixekizumab. No significant (p < 0.05) difference was seen in the time to meaningful clinical response between these drugs; however, bimekizumab was significantly faster in time to PASI75 among the remaining therapeutics. In the meta-analysis for PASI90, the fastest time was seen with ixekizumab, bimekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab and guselkumab with no significant differences in between these therapeutics. However, bimekizumab was significantly faster than the remaining therapeutics for PASI90. Conclusions: IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors may be considered as requiring the shortest time for meaningful clinical response in plaque psoriasis. In addition to the time to onset, the safety profile of each drug needs to be considered when deciding on a therapeutic to initiate.
A history and overview of phenotypic variability in CYP2D6 activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CYP2D6 is a human cytochrome P450 that is responsible for the metabolism of a large number of drugs and chemicals. Interest in CYP2D6 has largely centered on the wide interindividual variability in its catalytic activity that stems from a common genetic polymorphism in the CYP2D6 gene. Two major phenotypes exist, extensive metabolizer (EM) and poor metabolizer (PM), together with the two less studied phenotypes of ultrarapid metabolizer (UM) and intermediate metabolizer. These phenotypes are the expression of an underlying allelomorphism in CYP2D6 and are also context dependent. Several drugs that are CYP2D6 substrates display polymorphic metabolism, that is, the existence in the population of multiple phenotypes, in particular EM and PM. The most notable drugs in this regard are debrisoquine and sparteine, although there are also data for a few others, in particular, dextromethorphan and metoprolol. Many nongenetic factors can alter the expression of CYP2D6 phenotypes, the most significant of which is the presence of other drugs. In this context, the EM phenotype may not be immutable, with potential conversion into a PM phenocopy, due to significantly impaired CYP2D6 metabolism in the presence of other CYP2D6 substrates and inhibitors. This phenotype interconversion generated great concern and helped drive the movement away from phenotyping based upon drug administration to genotyping of acquired DNA samples. However, ascertaining the presence of CYP2D6 alleles in a DNA sample does not determine the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of CYP2D6 substrates in that subject: it is a forecast, much like the weather forecast and, as we all know regarding the weather, the forecast can be inaccurate at times.
A Complete Discriminative Tensor Representation Learning for Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As an effective tool for two-dimensional data analysis, two-dimensional canonical correlation analysis (2DCCA) is not only capable of preserving the intrinsic structural information of original two-dimensional (2D) data, but also reduces the computational complexity effectively. However, due to the unsupervised nature, 2DCCA is incapable of extracting sufficient discriminatory representations, resulting in an unsatisfying performance. In this letter, we propose a complete discriminative tensor representation learning (CDTRL) method based on linear correlation analysis for analyzing 2D signals (e.g. images). This letter shows that the introduction of the complete discriminatory tensor representation strategy provides an effective vehicle for revealing, and extracting the discriminant representations across the 2D data sets, leading to improved results. Experimental results show that the proposed CDTRL outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the evaluated data sets.
Urate oxidase of Chlamydomonas reinhardii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) of Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells grown on purines and purine derivatives has been partially characterized. Crude enzyme preparations have a pH optimum of 9.0, require O 2 for activity, have an apparent K m of 12 μ M for urate, and are inhibited by high concentrations of this substrate. Enzyme activity was particularly sensitive to metal ion chelating agents like cyanide, cupferron, diethyldithiocarbamate and o ‐phenanthroline, and to structural analogues of urate like hypoxanthine and xanthine. Chlamydomonas cells grow phototrophically on adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, allantoin or allantoate as sole nitrogen source, indicating that in this alga the standard pathway of aerobic degradation of purines of higher plants, animals and many microorganisms operates. As deduced from experiments in vivo , urate oxidase from Chlamydomonas is repressed in the presence of ammonia or nitrate.
Religious Diversity and its Influence on Proceedings – Especially the Implementation of Sharia (Muslim Law) by the Mufti Courts in Greece

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The intensified phenomenon of the migration towards Western democracies of Muslim populations who demand the adjudication of marital and inheritance issues exclusively by religious (mufti) courts in accordance with Islamic Sacred Law (Sharia) poses new challenges for the national legislator in the legislative field, both substantive and procedural. Crucial questions arise especially as to whether Sharia and the co-existence of religious and secular courts (legal pluralism) are compatible with the Convention, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and Western Constitutions. The ECtHR has recently examined some aspects of this problem in the renowned Molla Sali v. Greece case. Greece is actually the only Western country that has officially recognized the implementation of Sharia by religious courts for the Muslim minority of Western Thrace for more than a century. In this context, the aim of this paper is twofold: first , to illustrate – especially from a procedural point of view – the special and idiosyncratic legal regime of Muslims in Greece and the problems arising from that; and second , on the basis of the findings of this examination, to evaluate whether the Greek model can be an adequate paradigm for the regulation of the issues under discussion in Western states.
APPLE BREEDING IN IDAHO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article APPLE BREEDING IN IDAHO: Needs of State Lead Experiment Station to Undertake Production of New Varieties on Large Scale—Preliminary Report on Crosses Made—Burbank‘s Method of Selecting Seedlings Get access C. C. VINCENT C. C. VINCENT Agricultural Experiment StationMoscow, Idaho Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 6, Issue 10, October 1915, Pages 453–455, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108997 Published: 01 October 1915
Understanding Sarkar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sohail Inayatullah takes us on a journey through Indian philosophy, grand theory and macrohistory. We understand and appreciate Indian theories of history, specifically cyclical and spiral theories of time. From other civilizations, we learn how seminal thinkers understood the stages and mechanisms of transformation. Ssu-Ma Chien, Ibn Khaldun, Giambattista Vico, George Wilhelm Friedrick Hegel, Oswald Spengler, Comte Pitirim Sorokin, and Michel Foucault are invited to a dialog on the nature of agency and structure, and the escape ways from the patterns of history. But the journey is centered on P.R. Sarkar, the controversial Indian philosopher, guru and activist. While Sarkar passed away in 1990, his work, his social movements, his vision of the future remains ever alive. Inayatullah brings us closer to the heart and head of this giant luminary. Through Understanding Sarkar, we gain insight into how knowledge can transform and liberate. This publication has also been published in paperback, please click here for details.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Integrated Treatments against Alternaria alternata in Stevia rebaudiana under Prayagraj Condition of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022–23 at the Central Research Field of SHUATS, Prayagraj, to evaluate the integrated efficacy of organic manures (FYM @ 4.5 kg/m² and neem cake @ 40 g/m²), a bioagent (Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 g/m²), and biomix, applied at two different intervals, in managing Alternaria leaf spot of Stevia rebaudiana caused by Alternaria alternata. This disease poses a significant challenge in stevia cultivation, leading to considerable losses in both yield and leaf quality due to necrotic lessions and premature leaf drop. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments replicated three times. Disease severity was assessed using a standardized 0–5 rating scale, and data were statistically analyzed with significance determined at p ≤ 0.05. The results demonstrated that the combined application of FYM + neem cake + Pseudomonas fluorescens + biomix (Treatment T7) was the most effective, resulting in the lowest disease intensity of 18.56% at 90 days after transplanting (DAT). This treatment also recorded the lowest disease severity at 45 DAT (10.98%), indicating its potential in early disease suppression. The next most effective treatment was the combination of neem cake + Pseudomonas fluorescens + biomix, which showed a disease intensity of 21.85%. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of integrating organic amendments with biocontrol agents in enhancing plant health and managing foliar fungal diseases in stevia. The use of eco-friendly and sustainable disease management strategies like these can play a pivotal role in organic stevia production and improving crop resilience.
A Study on Relationship between MMP-2 Expression and Invasion and Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2(MMP-2)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to study on the relationship between MMP-2 expression and invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.Methods The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in 30 NSCLC specimens and 30 non-neoplastic lung-adjacent tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The results of RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in non-neoplastic lung-adjacent tissue(P0.01).The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in NSCLC with metastasis was higher than that in those without metastasis(P0.01).The expression of MMP-2 mRNA was not associated with gender,age,tumor size and histological type(P0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of MMP-2 mRNA was closely associated with NSCLC invasion and metastasis,which suggested that MMP-2.play important roles in the proceeding of NSCLC invasion and metastasis.
STROBE-X: X-Ray Timing and Spectroscopy on Dynamical Timescales from Microseconds to Years

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Spectroscopic Time-Resolving Observatory for Broadband Energy X-rays (STROBE-X) probes strong gravity for stellar mass to supermassive black holes and ultradense matter with unprecedented effective area, high time-resolution, and good spectral resolution, while providing a powerful time-domain X-ray observatory.
Test Report Generation for Android App Testing Via Heterogeneous Data Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rising of the Android market demands higher quality assurance of Android applications (apps) to sharpen the competitive edge, and techniques for traditional software have problems adapting for mobile apps. Android apps often require testing on a large-scale device cluster, which produces a large amount of test reports consisting of heterogeneous data, e.g., hardware information, GUI screenshots, runtime logs. Such data are hard to merge to be unified analyzed, while they serve as an essential basis for bug inspection and fixing. Existing test report generation or analysis techniques can only handle testing data from different devices separately. They simply list all the information to app developers and have no further processing to summarize test reports. Besides, they neglect the inner connection of the heterogeneous data. Such techniques cannot improve the report reviewing effectiveness and efficiency, and they can hardly find the inner links and rules of the bug occurrence on different devices. As a result, developers still need to devote many efforts to inspect and fix bugs. In this paper, a large amount of test reports are investigated by the authors, as to construct a structured bug model to analyze heterogeneous data of the testing results. According to the investigation, we also define the Bug Inconsistency of testing results from multiple devices and build a novel bug taxonomy. In general, an automated approach is proposed to generate structured and comprehensible test reports from raw testing results from multiple devices. Based on the approach, a tool, namely BreGat, is implemented to evaluate the classification and deduplication capability of our approach. The experimental results of 30 Android apps on 20 devices show that BreGat can successfully cover 83% bug categories and exclude 76% duplicate bugs. Furthermore, a user study involving 16 developers shows that our test reports are more comprehensible and BreGat greatly improves the bug inspection efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art tool.
Soft-assembled human–machine perceptual systems

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cognitive systems are highly adaptable and flexible, such that action and perception capabilities can be achieved with the body in various ways, and incorporate features of the environment and nonbiological tools. Perceptual learning refers to enduring changes to a system’s ability to perceive and respond to environmental stimuli. Here I present an integrative framework for understanding how such capabilities occur in human–machine systems comprising brain–body–tool–environment interactions. Central to this work is the claim that the capacity for high degrees of adaptation, flexibility, and learning are possible because human–machine systems are soft-assembled systems, that is, systems whose material constitution is not rigidly constrained so as to achieve goals via a variety of configurations. I begin by presenting the foundations of the framework on offer: the concepts, methods, and theories of ecological psychology; embodied cognition; dynamical systems theory; and machine intelligence. Next, I apply the framework to the case of visually-guided action. I conclude by explaining how this framework provides the explanatory and investigative tools to understand human–machine perceptual systems as soft-assembled systems that span brains-bodies-tools-environments.
Comparing the Neuropsychological Features in Preschool Children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty in motor activity. Motor impairment is the main feature of this disorder. In addition to the movement problems, these children interfere with other areas of difficulty. The aim of this study was to compare the neuropsychological characteristics such as executive function and attention and sensory-motor functions, language, memory and learning in preschool children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Methods: In this causal-comparative study, the preschool children at the age of 6 years in Isfahan city, Iran, were enrolled. 50 children with developmental coordination disorder and 50 children without it were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using Conner neuropsychological questionnaire and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Findings: There were significant differences between neuropsychological characteristics (executive function and attention and sensory-motor functions, language, memory and learning) in children with and without developmental coordination disorder (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: This study showed that children with developmental coordination disorder in comparison with normal children are at a lower level of neuropsychological characteristics and suffer from movement problems.
An asymmetric graph recommendation algorithm based on user scores and interests

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The proposed algorithm uses the symmetry similarity calculation method based on the common project, which can not reflect the user's interest very well and the recommendation accuracy is low. In order to improve the accuracy of recommendation, this paper proposes a graph recommendation algorithm which integrates user rating and interest. In order to reflect the interests of users, using the principle of diffusion of the substance user rating information asymmetry; Experiments show that the proposed algorithm for user rating and interest fusion improves the prediction accuracy.
Acting on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) synergies and trade-offs requires policy-focused systems tools

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is contingent on managing complex interactions that create synergies and trade-offs between different goals. Given the importance of interactions, it is necessary to understand the system mechanisms underpinning them to provide insight into their non-linear behaviours such as side-effects, delay, and acceleration. Prominent methods of SDG analysis that focus on sector-specific modelling or data-driven statistical correlation are insufficient for presenting an integrated view of interactions among many goals. These methods are also often too technically complex or heavily data-driven to provide decision-makers with a simple practical tool and easily actionable and understandable results. To address this gap, we introduce a systems approach for analysing the SDGs that generalises a number of recurring interactions with unique structures and behaviours termed archetypes. We present eight interaction archetypes as thinking aids to conceptualise and analyse some of the important synergies and trade-offs, supported by several empirical studies related to the SDGs (e.g., poverty, food, well-being, water, energy, housing, climate, land-use). We also discuss how this approach can be operationalised in practice and what opportunities and challenges are ahead. Interaction archetype analysis advances sustainability science by giving researchers and policy-makers a diagnostic tool to identify fundamental mechanisms of barriers or policy resistance to SDG achievement, a comparative tool that can enhance knowledge transfer about the SDGs between different cases which share similar causal characteristics in a more coordinated way, and a prospective tool to design synergistic and transformational solutions for sustainable development.
Barthel ADL Index: a comparison of administration methods

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Barthel ADL Index is routinely used to assess elderly patients after discharge from hospital. Its inter-rater reliability and criterion validity have been well established. However, the inter-method reliability in administering this scale has not been sufficiently documentated. This study compares post, telephone and interview (visit) methods of administration to investigate their agreement. The index was administered by the three methods in random order after patients were discharged from acute geriatric wards. Results suggest that these three methods are reliable and agree well with each other in the total scores obtained. Analyses of individual item scores indicate poor agreement on one item (stairs). Suggestions on improving the guidelines for this item are outlined.
Using Single Time of Quantum Computer for Shor's Factoring Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Peter Shor's in 1994 developed a factoring algorithm that can factor a composite number $\boldsymbol{n}$ in a polynomial time by using a quantum computer in one step of the algorithm. The algorithm may contain a loop that requires calling a quantum computer many times to find the order of selected number $a, a\in Z_{n}$ . In this paper, the improvement to the Shor's factoring algorithm guarantees the single use of the quantum computer to find the order, where the rest of the algorithm can be implemented by a classical computer. A numerical example for the original and improved version is presented.
An investigation of truck jack-knifing using simulation software

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A literature review of the causes and the theory of jackknifing were undertaken. Tractor semitrailer jackknifing are often caused by maneuvers such as braking with subsequent brake lock-up, from suddenly steering into a turn where the cornering may lead to lateral wheel skidding, or from some combination of these factors. In conjunction with the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA), accidents that resulted in truck jackknifing are being studied and reconstructed using simulation software. Jackknife prevention measures are determined based on the simulation result. In the simulation, the tractor semitrailer is modeled as two rigid bodies hinged together and in-plane motion. Explicit results are derived for the pre- and post-jackknifed vehicle speeds and steering angle as a function of the system parameters. Further, results of the case study for a tractor semitrailer initially in straight line motion show the sensitivity of the velocities to a range of steering conditions. The safe, unsafe and jackknife range are explicitly defined. The analysis performed on the simulation results suggested that low steering angle and speed have a very positive influence on safety. In addition, it is the safest to keep the speed below 21 km/h and steer no more than 13 degree during maneuver. While it is difficult to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation results, this study serves as a guide to physical jackknife analysis. This study can be further developed to more factors that contribute to jackknifing. It may include the shifting of the center of gravity, rising terrain and steep slope. Nevertheless the effectiveness of the jackknife prevention measures can be evaluated using the simulation software.
Transmissible proventriculitis in broilers

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This article reviews transmissible proventriculitis in poultry from 1971 to 2006. The disease is important in commercial broilers worldwide, resulting in reduced profits. The aetiology of this disease is unknown and different clinical presentations often result in a confused or complicated diagnosis. The lesion of enlarged proventriculus is often referred to as proventriculitis. However, the term proventriculitis can only be used correctly when there is microscopic evidence of inflammation of the proventriculus glands. Infectious and non-infectious causes of proventriculitis, with major emphasis on the infectious or transmissible causes, are reviewed.