jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of dissolved oxygen partial pressure on the growth and carbohydrate metabolism of mouse LS cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Batch cultures of mouse LS cells were grown in suspension at controlled dissolved oxygen partial pressures (pO2). At low pO2 (1·6 mmHg) the growth and respiration rates and the final cell population were all limited. At high pO2 (320 mmHg), cell division was inhibited after an initial doubling of the cell number. At intermediate values of pO2, the growth rate was constant but the final cell population varied. Within the pO2 range of 40 –100 mmHg, the final cell population was constant and maximal at 1·2 × 106 viable cells/ml. Except at 320 mmHg pO2, about 90 % of the glucose consumed served as an energy source and could be accounted for as lactate and CO,. In the culture at 320 mmHg, only 60 % of the glucose consumed could be accounted for in this way. During growth the production of lactate and pyruvate was highest at low pO2. A sharp increase in lactate production was observed as logarithmic growth ceased in each culture, except at high pO2 (160 mmHg). These observations indicate that pO2 markedly influences cell growth and carbohydrate metabolism in these cells.
Guide to OA sources of US law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gretchen Feltes, A Guide to the U. S. Federal Legal System: Web-based Public Accessible Sources, NYU Law School, April 2005. An extensive update to a 2003 article. Excerpt: &#39;This guide was originally prepared to be added with similar guides for legal research of many foreign jurisdictions. The intended audience was global in scope and one without access to the printed sources and fee-based databases in American federal law.
Insilco vaccine design of spike and hemagglutinin esterase proteins of bovine coronavirus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a widespread, fatal illness in cattle that has a large economic impact in particularly disease-prone hosts. BCoV does not have an effective vaccine. As a result, the objective of this study was to use immunoinformatics and computational tools to design a multi-epitope vaccine against Spike and haemagglutinin proteins of Bovine coronavirus. BCoV proteins were also subjected to protein analysis. Methods A variety of tools of bioinformatics were used for data analysis. Conserved B and T cell epitopes against BCoV target proteins were predicted using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Proteins were characterized utilizing a variety of servers, including Protparam, PSIPRED and the GOR IV servers. The antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity of the anticipated epitopes were assessed as well. Results Several MHCI epitopes were predicted from S and HE proteins. As top epitopes, the peptides 77NMALKGTLL85 and 56SYMDLNPAL65 were proposed from Spike and hemagglutinin proteins, respectively. These epitopes exhibited high scores of antigenicity, no allergenicity, no toxicity, and a strong connection to Bola alleles. Moreover, three epitopes (1204YYYPE1208, 379TCQPQ384, and 720QLQPINY726) from Spike glycoprotein were selected as surface, linear, and antigenic epitopes using B cell scales. The methods dropped to anticipate effective and safe epitope(s) to cover all B cell scales from HE protein. Conclusion Three B cell epitopes (1204YYYPE1208, 379TCQPQ384, and 720QLQPINY726) were predicted from Spike protein (S) of BCoV only. MHC I epitopes of S and HE proteins of BCoV predicted two epitopes (77NMALKGTLL85 and 56SYMDLNPAL65 respectively) to have a strong link to Bola alleles, as well as high antigenicity and safety. The predicted epitopes’ activity should be tested experimentally as a multi-epitope vaccine against BCoV using in vitro and in vivo trials.
Volume and Severity of Pediatric COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES Using administrative data from pediatric hospitals in the United States, we examined trends in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations and severity of disease among children. METHODS We extracted data from the Pediatric Health Information System for hospitalized patients less than 12 years old with COVID-19 (identified by primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis code U07.1) admitted from April 2020 to August 2022. We examined weekly trends in COVID hospitalization volume overall and by ICU utilization as a measure of severe disease and by COVID diagnosis hierarchy (primary versus secondary) as a proxy for incidental admissions. We estimated the annualized trend in the ratio of hospitalizations requiring, versus not requiring, ICU care and the trend in ratio of hospitalizations with a primary versus secondary COVID diagnosis. RESULTS We included 38 160 hospitalizations across 45 hospitals. Median age was 2.4 years (interquartile range = 0.7–6.6). Median length of stay was 2.0 days (interquartile range = 1–4). ICU-level care was required for 18.9% and 53.8% had a primary diagnosis of COVID-19. The ratio of ICU to non-ICU admissions declined by 14.5% annually (95% confidence interval: −21.7% to −7.26%; P &lt; .001), whereas the ratio of primary to secondary diagnosis was stable (11.7% annually; 95% confidence interval: −8.83% to 32.4%; P = .26). CONCLUSIONS Periodic increases in pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations with are evident. However, there is no evidence of corresponding increase in severity of illness that may provide context for recent reports of increasing pediatric COVID hospitalizations in addition to health policy implications.
A distributed asynchronous algorithm for expected average cost dynamic programming

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A distributed asynchronous implementation of the value-iteration algorithm in dynamic programming is presented. The iteration step is carried out by a number of processors, each iterating on a subset of the value function vector. Each processor transmits its computed coordinates to other processors. The algorithm converges when the different processors iterate at different speeds. The information received by a processor regarding other coordinates may be outdated, and there may be an unpredictable delay in receiving information from other processors.< >
Silicon donor states in heavily doped thin GaAs-AlAs(001) superlattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The self-consistent pseudopotential method is used to investigate the electronic structure of silicon donor states at and near the interface of thin GaAs/AlAs(001) superlattices under high doping concentrations. The silicon impurity is substituted in the GaAs and AlAs regions and at different distances from the interface. For all cases, we find that the donor state is highly localized around the silicon donor ion. With the impurity placed at the interface, there is a shift of the donor-state charge density from AlAs to GaAs. The qualitative changes in the valence- and conduction-band discontinuities with doping are discussed. Our results indicate that doping in the GaAs region has a much larger effect on the band-edge discontinuities. In addition, the results for the zone folding of the zinc-blende X-point state onto the superlattice \ensuremath{\Gamma} point are reported. For the thin superlattices treated here, (GaAs${)}_{n}$-(AlAs${)}_{n}$ (for n=2, 3, and 4), we find that the highest occupied valence-band state is derived from the zinc-blende GaAs \ensuremath{\Gamma} point and the lowest unoccupied conduction-band state is derived from the zinc-blende AlAs X-point state. The change in the localization of the conduction-band-edge states with increasing n suggests a transition region, at which the lowest unoccupied conduction-band state becomes the zinc-blende GaAs \ensuremath{\Gamma} point. A critical layer thickness is estimated for this transition.
Digital Access, Digital Literacy, and Afterlife Preparedness: Societal Contexts of Digital Afterlife Traces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate how individuals are prepared to cope with or plan for their afterlife digital footprints, by examining how (1) access, (2) literacy, and (3) preparedness for digital afterlife work in concert to influence one’s wellbeing. We found the indirect relationship between access and wellbeing and the influence of digital literacy on wellbeing was indirect, illustrating that the key to the puzzle is in the sequential step in which digital literacy incubates the readiness to cope with digital remains, which influences one’s subjective wellbeing. One of the most unrecognized challenges facing digital traces is the exploitation of post-life remain of data, as the question of who accesses, owns, or controls personal data after death remains largely unanswered. We argue that the preparedness for digital afterlife represents a new form of social concern with real-life consequences, or even a newer space for inequality debates.
The Role of Physicians in Reporting and Evaluating Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Physicians become involved in child sexual abuse when they must report suspected abuse or when they are asked to medically evaluate a child who is an alleged victim of abuse. This article reviews recent progress in the medical profession's attention to child sexual abuse and discusses current issues surrounding reporting and medical evaluation. The reporting requirement raises several concerns for pediatricians. Their legal responsibilities as reporters may conflict with their traditional relationship with the family as a unit and with the confidentiality of the doctor-patient relationship. Knowledge about pediatric anogential anatomy is in a relatively early stage of development, and few pediatricians receive training adequate to enable them to determine whether medical observations are consistent with sexual abuse. Even fewer pediatricians receive training in the unique considerations and needs present when taking the medical history of a possible abuse victim or when preserving evidence for possible later use in court. The medical evidentiary evaluation of suspected sexual abuse also raises a number of concerns. There is great variability in referral patterns, which determine whether a medical examination will be requested and whether a general practice physician or a specialist will be asked to conduct the exam. Although professional medical associations have laid out broad outlines of recommended procedures for medical exams when sexual abuse is suspected, more detailed protocols are needed for addressing the many cases where findings are ambiguous or subtle. Often physicians need training in forensics and assistance in coordinating services with multiple agencies and professions. Finally, attention must be given to ensuring adequate cost reimbursement for medical evaluations.
ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND POLICY SUPPORT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones.The area under organic farming at world level was 29211.2thousand hectares in 2005 and reached to 72213.3 thousand hectares in 2019.While, its area is increasing fast in Oceania region (49.69% of world area) and Europe (21.87% of world area).In India, the area under organic farming was 2299.2 thousand hectares (1.3% of total agricultural land) in 2019.The CAGR for area under organic farming is 9.77% at world level and India level is found as 26.14% from 2014 -2019.In India, few states have taken the lead in improving organic farming coverage, as a major part of this area is concentrated only in a handful of states.The top three states -Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra -account for about half the area under organic cultivation.There are many challenges, that are faced by organic farming.A cooperative model may be very helpful to overcome the challenges faced by individual farmers in organic farming.In India, government has also made number initiatives to give a boost to organic farming to herness its potential.
Ambient air pollution in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit; rationale and design of a prospective study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: A gastrointestinal endoscopy unit is frequently exposed to gastrointestinal gas expelled from patients and electrocoagulated tissue through carbonation for the treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms or hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding. This can be potentially harmful to the health of not only the healthcare personnel but also patients who undergo endoscopic examinations. However, there has been scarce data on air quality in the endoscopy unit. This study aimed to measure the air quality in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Methods: This is a prospective study using conventional portable passive air quality monitoring sensors in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. We will check the 6 main indoor air quality indices, as well as the atmospheric temperature, pressure, and humidity in the endoscopy unit of a single hospital in Korea. These indices are as follows: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter that has a diameter of <2.5 μm, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) , carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone. The indices will be checked in the endoscopy unit, including the procedural area, recovery area, and area for disinfection and cleansing of equipment, at 1-minute intervals for at least 1 week, and the type and number of endoscopic procedures will also be recorded. The primary outcome of this study is to determine whether the air quality indices exceed safety thresholds and whether there is any association between ambient air pollution and the type and number of endoscopic procedures. Conclusion: The results of this study will provide evidence for health-related protective strategies for medical practitioners and patients in the endoscopy unit.
Sunflower Growth Performance under Tillage or No Tillage Practice, Irrigation Intervals and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth expressions of sunflower, supplied with 30, 45, and 60 kg N/ fad, were examined under the treatment of two tillage practices (conventional tillage and no tillage applications) and three irrigation intervals (12, 18 and 24 days, between each two successive irrigations) during 2017 and 2018 summer seasons at the Experimental Farm of the Itay-EL-Baroud Agricultural Research Station.Responses of plant height, leaf area index, flowering date, stem diameter, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed yield/ fad., harvest index and seed oil content in addition to oil yield/ fad.were significant having the maximum records for sunflower with 12 days interval of irrigation.Also, the highest values of plant height, leaf area index, harvest index, seed yield/ plant, during the two seasons, and seed yield /fad, oil yield (in 2017) and 1000-seed weight (in 2018) were achieved with conventional tillage compared to no tillage.Meanwhile, no significant effects were obtained for flowering date, stem diameter and head diameter during the two seasons of study, and 1000-seed weight (in 2017), seed yield and oil yield/ fad (in 2018) based on tillage practice.Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilization up to 60 kg/ fad, significantly increased all studied characters except nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and oil percent which decreased with increasing nitrogen levels during the two seasons.The interaction of irrigation intervals and tillage practice significantly affected plant height over the two seasons.This trait had maximum values with the shortest irrigation interval (every 12 days) and 60 kg N/ fad.The obtained data indicated that 1000-seed weight, seed yield/plant, leaf area index and harvest index were significantly affected by the irrigation interval and nitrogen levels interaction.Meanwhile, high seed and oil yields were achieved with short interval (every 12 days) under conventional tillage and nitrogen levels of 40 and 60 kg N/ fad.It is recommended to grow sunflower under conventional tillage practice, with applying irrigation every 12 to 18 days and nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 45 to 60 kg N/ fad, to obtain highest seed and oil yields.
π0-h± Jet Correlations in d+Au Collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this study,π0-h± azimuthal correlations and the per trigger yields in d+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV are measured and compared with p+p collisions at the same energy. We report the measured jet properties, such as the jet yields, width and observed some clear suppression and delicate enhancement in jet modifications in central d+Au collisions.
Influence of substrate bias voltage on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-B-C-N coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thin coatings are often utilized in cutting tools and wear applications to improve their lifetime and performance. For decades, much emphasis has been placed on hardness properties. However, most applications not only require a coating to have high hardness but also other mechanical properties such as toughness which currently has limited data. Previous research has indicated the considerable potential of Ti-B-C-N coatings for application in mechanical components. However, limited studies have been done to investigate the quantitative toughness as well as the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the effects on negative substrate bias voltage on Ti-B-C-N coatings have not been well documented. Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of negative bias voltage on the hardness and fracture toughness of Ti-B-C-N coatings as well as the thermomechanical stability of Ti-B-C-N coatings. Ti-B-C-N coatings sputtered on silicon wafers were characterized and analyzed in terms of microstructure through X-ray diffraction, their hardness and toughness by nanoindention, microindentation and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the Ti-B-C-N coating with applied bias of -150V yielded the optimal combination of hardness and toughness of 32.13 GPa and 2.67 MPam^(1/2) respectively. Based on findings in the present study, the recommended maximum service temperature limit is 300⁰C as the hardness property of Ti-B-C-N coating was found to be almost similar when annealed to 300⁰C as compared to as deposited Ti-B-C-N coatings. The enhancements in the mechanical properties were found to have a correlation with residual stress, grain size and bias voltage.
Kingly Performance and Artful Innovation: Porcelain, Politics, and Identity at Charles III’s Aranjuez

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Between 1760 and 1765, the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Gricci headed a team of artists in the creation of a Gabinete de Porcelana [Porcelain Room] at the Royal Palace of Aranjuez. Porcelain rooms were not unknown at this time, but Gricci ambitiously tested the limits of porcelain with an exuberant design scheme, an elaborate chinoiserie theme, and nearly three-dimensional deployment of the ceramic medium. The room’s innovative technique, which employs porcelain as the framework for the walls and ceiling as well as the medium for the design, is befitting this country estate of King Charles III (r. 1759–88). While the ornamentation offers a rich sensory experience, it also has deliberate political implications and may be read as an idealized expression of Charles III’s identity. As a space constructed during the Seven Years’ War (1754–63) at the commencement of his reign, the Porcelain Room had both pleasurable and political purposes that allowed the king to forge a modern Bourbon agenda and a modern Bourbon sense of kingship with international scope. The Porcelain Room, like many of Charles’s other projects, was created to exemplify the king’s opulence while also embodying political messages that promoted his reign and legitimated the Bourbons as the rightful heirs to the Spanish crown.
VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AFTER GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERIES AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN UKRAINE: A MULTICENTRE STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim: To investigate the epidemiology and microbiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) after gynecological surgeries, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Ukraine. Materials and methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022 and recruited pregnant and non-pregnant women aged 15–65 years who had sought medical help for vaginal dysbiosis the seven medical clinic from five regions of Ukraine. Results: Between 2020 and 2022, 2,341 women were followed in gynecological practices, and 1,056 (41.5%) women were diagnosed with VVC during the same period. Of the total VVC cases, 31.9% were in non-pregnant and 68.1% in pregnant women. The use of antibiotics (OR=3.48), use hormonal contracep¬tives (OR=2.75) and pregnancy (OR=1.13) were associated with an increase in the risk of VVC diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus (OR=0.44) were additional risk factors. The most common pathogen of VVC was C. albicans, Nakaseomyces glabratus (C. glabrata), followed by Pichia kudriavzevii (C. krusei), C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. guillieromondii, C. lusitaniae, and C. rugosa. We found no significant difference in adverse pregnancy outcomes between Candida-positive and Candida-negative women. Conclusions: Vulvovaginal candidiasis after gynecological surgeries in Ukraine is a common medical problem in women that is associated with significant morbidity, and hence frequent medical visits. High prevalence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis in the present study warrants, the importance of conducting continuous epidemiological surveys to measure changes in species distribution from C. albicans to non-albicans Candida species in Ukraine.
Demand-matching spectrum sharing game for non-cooperative cognitive radio network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In cognitive radio network, efficient spectrum sharing is one of the important functions which can enhance the overall spectrum utilization of whole network. However, it is still an unexplored issue to make unlicensed users choose the most suitable spectrum according to user demand and the spectrum characteristics. In this paper, a new demand-matching spectrum sharing (DMSS) algorithm based on game theory for non-cooperative cognitive radio network is proposed. Firstly, the model of the matching factors between the user demand and the spectrum characteristics is built up. Then by adopting demand-matching factor, the DMSS game is proposed and Nash equilibrium is solved by Nelder-Mead direct search method. DMSS enables each unlicensed user to access multiple appropriate channels by maximizing its own payoff. Numeral results reveal that DMSS achieves high performance in spectrum utilization percentage and spectrum efficiency of cognitive radio network when it reaches Nash equilibrium.