jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Debating China’s Energy Security

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In China, debates on energy security are diverse and far beyond geopolitical analysis. Findings from the ever-expanding literature indicate two major schools of thought, namely the nationalist and globalist ones, while a pragmatic approach has been prevailing that integrates exploring domestic sources and engaging external actors when needed. The challenges of having to do whatever feasible to meet energy demands and at the same time, pursuing alternatives that reduce its negative impact on human health and environment, have led to growing pluralism in policy advocacy in China. While the two schools of thought on energy security will continue to compete against each other, the argumentative strength of each school shall be conditioned by many factors influencing China’s macro-economic fluctuations in general and energy economies in particular. The Chinese government’s energy policy-making is expected to reflect a dynamic balance between both schools.
Water Soluble Vitamins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vitamins are organic molecules that cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by humans and therefore must be obtained through diet. Nine vitamins (folic acid, cobalamin, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, biotin and pantothenic acid) are classified as water-soluble. When taken in excess of the body’s needs, they are easily excreted in the urine and therefore must be taken continuously through the diet. Toxicity is rare. However, deficiencies can develop rapidly. Vitamins are necessary for the performance of certain cellular functions. For example, many water-soluble vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolic pathways related to energy production and hematopoiesis. Since these vitamins play a central role in energy metabolism, their deficiencies primarily cause problems in rapidly developing tissues. Typical symptoms are dermatitis, glossitis (the tongue is swollen and red), cheilitis in the corners of the lips and diarrhea. The nervous system of patients is also affected due to energy problems. Patients often experience peripheral neuropathy, depression, mental confusion, and loss of motor coordination. Minerals are inorganic structures (elements) that the body needs in small amounts. It has functions in many processes such as the formation of bone and tooth structure, fluid balance, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, signaling and catalysis. Various minerals are essential cofactors of enzymes. Minerals are micronutrients needed at mg or μg levels. Microminerals are needed at levels between 1 and 100 mg/day. Ultra trace minerals are needed in amounts below 1 mg per day. Copper, iron, manganese and zinc are microminerals. Ultratrace minerals include iodine, selenium and molybdenum. In this section, detailed information was given about the biochemical structures of water-soluble vitamins, microminerals and ultra-trace elements, their important functions in the body, and the pathological conditions seen in their deficiency and excess.
Empowering disabled people with digitalfabrication : insights from the In the MakingProject - submission to All Party Parliamentary Group on Disability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this report, based on the findings of the AHRC-funded In the Making project, we offer evidence that digital fabrication can support the government in closing the disability employment gap in the following ways:
• Digital fabrication technologies and facilities offer opportunities to create skills amongst the disabled community that might support them in finding work or in
becoming entrepreneurs.
• Engaging in digital fabrication has major inclusion and wellbeing benefits for disabled people that can also support them in joining the workforce.
• Digital fabrication can also support disabled people in creating or modifying their own assistive technologies, which can further support them in playing a productive
role in society.
Comparative analysis of genetic diversity ofDosidicus gigasfrom eastern Pacific Ocean based on molecular markers of mitochondrial DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The worldwide climate and marine environmental changes have significant impacts on the distributions and fishery resources abundance fluctuations of Dosidicus gigas in the East Pacific Ocean. It is important to investigate genetic variance and population genetic structure of D. gigas in order to exploit and manage this squid scientifically. In this study,the genetic diversity and the genetic differentiation betw een tw o geographical populations of D. gigas w ere analyzed based on tw o mitochondrial DNA molecular markers. The results show ed that the number of haplotype,haplotype diversities,nucleotide diversities and average nucleotide differences w ere 7,( 0. 397 ± 0. 079),( 0. 001 09 ± 0. 000 96) and 0. 600 respectively in all Cytb sequences of tw o geographical populations,and haplotype diversity in population off the coast of Peru w as only( 0. 282 ± 0. 101) w hich w as significantly low er than that of equatorial w aters. On the other hand,the number of haplotype,haplotype diversities,nucleotide diversities and average nucleotide differences in all COⅠ sequences w ere 17,( 0. 787 ± 0. 051),( 0. 002 90 ± 0. 001 38) and 1. 802 respectively. The pairw ise fixation index F st and median netw ork revealed lack of genetic structure betw een populations of equatorial w aters and off the coast of Peru( Cytb: F st= 0. 055 23,P 0. 05; CO Ⅰ: F st= 0. 005 91,P 0. 05),and this might be caused by equational oceanographic current. The minimum spanning netw ork tree,mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests suggested that D. gigas experienced a recent population expansion,possibly 138 900 to 167 900 years ago.
Severe anaphylaxis to bee venom immunotherapy: efficacy of pretreatment and concurrent treatment with omalizumab.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunotherapy is an established mode of treatment for Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis, although adverse reactions may occur. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman, the wife of a beekeeper, who experienced a systemic allergic reaction following a bee sting. Initial specific immunotherapy had to be stopped due to anaphylaxis (multiple immediate cardiovascular reactions). We looked for an alternative treatment option, and repeated immunotherapy accompanied by the anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) E monoclonal antibody omalizumab. Our new protocol was well tolerated. After 1 year of therapy, the patient was stung by a bee and developed only a slight local reaction, which resolved spontaneously. This result confirmed the success of our specific immunotherapy. We compared our results with those of 6 similar cases in the literature. AntiIgE has provided a treatment option for patients with severe IgE-mediated allergic disease that is difficult to treat. This case suggests that omalizumab may be able to prevent anaphylaxis during immunotherapy.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding impact of Social Media among school children (10-12 years) in selected school, Bangalore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding impact of social media among school children (10-12 years) in selected school, at Bangalore. A pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted for the present study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 60 samples. The pretest was conducted among 60 children by administering the structured knowledge questionnaires followed by structured teaching on social media impact. Post test was conducted on the 7th day of structured teaching programme by using the same tool. The data was gathered and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method. The findings revealed that in pre-test, the level of knowledge which comprises 36(60.00%) are having Inadequate knowledge, 24(40.00%) are having Moderate level of knowledge and 0(0.00%) are having Adequate knowledge. During post-test, the level of knowledge was 37(61.67%) are having adequate knowledge, 23(38.33%) are having moderate knowledge and 0 (0.00%) are having inadequate knowledge. The paired ‘t’ test value shows that the Pre-test, mean is 12.38, SD is 6.3 and mean% is 41.27% after structured teaching programme in the post-test the mean is 23.15, SD is 4.5 and mean% is 77.17%. It is evident that there is an enhancement of mean is 10.77, SD is 6.3 and the mean percentage is 77.17%. Paired t value 2.39 is significant at P<0.01 level indicating that structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge regarding social media impact. Hence H1 was retained. There was a significant association found between post-test level of knowledge regarding impact of social media addiction among school children and selected demographic variables like age (x2 = 6.2), religion (x2 = 9.8), monthly income (x2 = 11.5), Time of spending on social sites daily (x2 = 10.7) with the level of knowledge score at the level of p<0.05. Hence H2 was accepted. Social media have harmful impact on school children. Lack of knowledge regarding impact of social media can increase the incidence of social media addiction and its ill effects. There by adequate knowledge is essential among school children to avoid social media addiction and their harmful effects on health.
SH0838003.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
A kind of composite-embossing and melting edge technology of producing automotive interior trim nonwovens

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A technology of compounding, embossing and melting edge nonwovens which is served as automotive interior trim based on ultrasonic welding technology is put forward in this paper, and a non-woven ultrasonic composite machine including composite, embossing and melting edge function is manufactured. By means of experiment and the analysis of ultrasonic composite and embossed principle, the optimized parameters of compounding and embossing non-woven fabric through application of ultrasonic technology are proposed; and some drawback that is generated in composite and embossing process is also discussed. The application results show that the utilization of ultrasonic welding technology can be very good for compounding and embossing process of automotive interior non-woven fabric. The tensile strength of composite nonwovens fabric is high and the welding quality is stable; and the demand for various automotive interior fabrics can be satisfied.
Cooperative Clofibrate Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

I am concerned about the closing statement in the editorial on the Cooperative Clofibrate Trial (241:2638,1979), which I think did not represent the statements and views of the principal investigators. The principal investigators did not recommend clofibrate for use in community-wide programs.1,2The report in theBritish Heart Journalstated, "The trial confirmed the basic hypothesis that reduction of high serum cholesterol levels even in middle age can reduce the incidence of ischaemic heart disease." In their general comments on page 1101, the investigators listed a number of factors that might have led to more striking results. One of these was that the duration of the lowering, of lipid levels in the study might not have been long enough to influence long-standing coronary artery disease. The belief in the lipid hypothesis has stimulated many public health programs aimed at reducing serum cholesterol levels in hopes of
A pedigree analysis with minimised ascertainment bias shows anticipation in Met30-transthyretin related familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) caused by a variant Met30-transthyretin (TTR), genetic anticipation has been reported. To determine whether anticipation of the disease is a true biological phenomenon or the result of ascertainment bias, we compared age at onset of the affected child with that of the affected parent in 68 parent-child pairs (including data on assumed age at onset and on asymptomatic obligate heterozygotes and parents at obligate 50% risk) in 15 families. Excluding the parent-child pairs involving the proband and "bilineal pairs", onset occurred earlier in the child than in the transmitting parent in 60 out of 68 "unilineal pairs". After correction for ascertainment bias resulting from incomplete penetrance and reduced biological fitness in early onset patients, the number of anticipation pairs (60 pairs) was still significantly larger than that of non-anticipation pairs (29.7 pairs) (p < 0.05). When the children were sons, the difference in age at onset was significantly greater in the mother-son pairs than in the father-son pairs (p = 0.023). Although not all ascertainment biases could be eliminated, these data show strong evidence that anticipation in the transmission of Met30-TTR FAP is a true biological phenomenon.
Abundance and distribution of bacteria carryingsltIIgene in natural river water

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Direct in situ PCR with HNPP/Fast Red TR was used to enumerate bacteria carrying the sltII gene in river water. By direct in situ PCR with a sltII-specific EVS primer, 10(2)-10(5) cells ml-1 of bacteria carrying the sltII gene were detected from all sampling sites, except the site nearest to the source of the river, while 10(2)-10(4) cells ml-1 of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected using a direct fluorescent antibody staining method. These results indicate that such bacteria are commonly distributed in natural river water. Direct in situ PCR with HNPP/Fast Red TR is a useful tool for detecting cells carrying specific genes, such as verotoxin-producing bacteria in natural environments.
Heart disease among breast cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer survivors are becoming increasingly concerned about cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is still uncertain how much of a burden this comorbidity has on this group compared to the overall population and its temporal pattern. Compared to women without breast cancer, breast cancer survivors are more likely to die from CVDs, and this increased risk becomes apparent about seven years after diagnosis. To lessen the excessive burden of CVD in this vulnerable population, efforts should be made to discover risk factors and therapies that can be used in this limited time frame.
The Relational Effect University Momentum Has On Philanthropic Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Higher Education in the United States is a complex industry with fierce competition. A university’s success and momentum are impacted by numerous internal and external factors. The level of an institution’s philanthropic support often mirrors the level of its overall success. Concerns exist over the continued financial affordability of Christian higher education for students. Prior research has identified a correlation between various institutional characteristics and the generation of philanthropic support. Based on the literature review, the following characteristics were studied to determine their ability to predict alumni giving: enrollment, endowment balance, financial responsibility score, graduation rate, institutional age, presidential tenure, retention rate, student debt, student loan default rate, and student selectivity. This study reinforced an idea evident throughout the literature, that institutional characteristics in higher education are often highly correlated with one another. Success in one area of an institution will likely predict success in another area as well. This study revealed graduation rate as the strongest predictor of alumni giving among the study sample. Student debt and institutional size were also significant predictors of alumni giving rate. University administrators and boards might benefit from using these results to guide strategic planning efforts and to train faculty and staff of the significant correlations between these and other variables that affect university momentum and alumni giving.
Answers to questions about the acellular pertussis vaccine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two acellular pertussis vaccines, which are usually combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, are now licensed for use in the United States. These vaccines are immunogenic and produce fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell pertussis vaccines. At present, acellular vaccines are to be used only for the fourth and fifth booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in children 15 months of age or older. Efficacy of the acellular vaccines in younger children is currently being investigated.
PHYSICO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A COMPOSITE FROM SUGAR CANE STRAW PARTICLES AND ALTERNATIVE CEMENTS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, sugar cane bagasse has applications as an alternative fuel in most of the sugar cane industries. However, other residues like sugar cane straw particles (SCSP), produced by mechanized harvesting, may be interesting for several applications, as a fuel or as a non-conventional aggregate for cement composite production, in this case partially replacing mineral aggregates. In this research, the behavior of a composite utilizing SCSP (replacing 33% of the sand, by volume) combined with four types of inorganic matrices was evaluated, one of them based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and three alternative matrices containing pozzolans by OPC replacement, such as ground fly ashes (GFA) and spent fluid catalytic catalyst for petrol (FCC) (A:100%OPC; B:50%OPC+50%GFA); C:50%OPC+40%GFA+10%FCC and D:50%OPC+30%GFA+20%FCC). Composite performance was evaluated daily by non-destructive ultrasonic test (NDT) and, after 28 days, by flexure and compression tests. Results showed the influence of the composite age on ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), finding a stabilization on UPV values at 28 days; and also the great influence of the matrix type on composite mechanical performance. Flexural and compressive strengths of composites with matrix A showed superiority when compared to the alternative matrices. Among them, matrix D showed superiority. In a general way, 33% (by volume) sand replacement by SCSP sharply decreased the composite´s mechanical performance: bending strength (a reduction of 9% to 24%) and compressive strength (a reduction of 38% to 53%). For matrices containing pozzolans, the decrease in mechanical performance was significantly lower.
The SEWA movement and rural development - the Banaskantha and Kutch experience Daniel Crowell, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The SEWA movement and rural development – the Banaskantha and Kutch experience Daniel Crowell, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2003 Get access Vincent George Vincent George Vincent George, National Housing Trust, Kingston, Jamaica; vgeorge@nht.gov.jm Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Community Development Journal, Volume 39, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages 311–314, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsh027 Published: 01 July 2004
Brief Education About Autism Spectrum Disorders for Family Therapists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is on the rise, and family therapists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have some form of this disorder. There is emerging evidence that professionals, including family therapists, may misdiagnose the condition or that proper diagnosis and treatment may be delayed. Thus, professional education about ASDs is important. In addition to the effects on the diagnosed individual, ASDs have significant impact on the family system. Family-centered interventions constitute a crucial piece of a multifaceted treatment plan, and there is a call for family-centered intervention and support services. To support family therapists in becoming more informed and effective members of treatment teams, this article provides an overview of Asperger's disorder and autism, with a focus on definitions, assessment, and individual treatments of ASDs. Ways in which ASDs have impact on the family are then identified, and specific issues relevant to family treatment are discussed. Keywords: autismautism spectrum disordersAsperger's disorderfamily therapy ACKNOWLEDGMENT I thank Thorana Nelson, PhD, Utah State University, for her feedback on a previous version.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF DRYING KINETICS OF ANONNA MURICATA L. (SOURSOP) SEEDS UNDER DIFFERENT DRYING CONDITIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The seeds of soursop were dried to preserve the physical and physiological nature of the seeds. The thin layer drying performance of Anonna muricata (Soursop)seeds under three diverse drying techniques; open sun, heat pump and oven drying strategies at temperature of 40oC were assessed so as to foresee the best equation for the drying kinetics from thirteen (13) existing drying Mathematical models. Fresh samples of the seeds were gotten and dried at the same time under these drying strategies and weighed at regular interim until consistent weight was accomplished. The drying data; moisture loss and drying rate were gotten and changed to moisture ratio which was fitted to the thirteen mathematical models. The best fit model to portray the thin layer drying of Anonna muricata (Soursop) leaves was accomplished dependent on the model with the highest correlation coefficient (R2), and lowest reduced chi square (?2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Two term models were the best and most appropriate in predicting drying kinetics of soursop seeds under the different drying methods of study. It had highest R2 of 0.9993, lowest Chi square of 0.000, and RMSE of 0.0047, highest R2 of 0.991, Chi square of 0.0003, and RMSE of 0.0157 and highest R2 of 0.9961, Chi square of 0.0085 and lowest RMSE of 0.0093 for open, oven and heat pump respectively It is featured that in the drying processes, the lesser the activation energy, the more prominent will be water diffusion inside the product.