jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS INDUCED BY X-RAYS IN SOMATIC CELLS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A technique has been perfected for enabling good microscope preparations to be obtained from the larval ganglia of Drosophila melanogaster. This system was then tested with X-rays and an extensive series of data was obtained on the chromosome aberrations induced in the various stages of the cell cycle.—The analysis of the results obtained offers the following points of interest: (1) There exists a difference in radio-sensitivity between the two sexes. The females constantly display a greater frequency of both chromosome and chromatid aberrations. They also display a greater frequency of spontaneous aberrations. (2) In both sexes the overall chromosome damage is greater in cells irradiated in stages G2 and G1. These two peaks of greater radiosensitivity are produced by a high frequency of terminal deletions and chromatid exchanges and by a high frequency of dicentrics, respectively. (3) The aberrations are not distributed at random among the various chromosomes. On the average, the Y chromosome is found to be more resistant and the breaks are preferentially localized in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of the X chromosome and of the autosomes. (4) Somatic pairing influences the frequency and type of the chromosome aberrations induced. In this system, such an arrangement of the chromosomes results in a high frequency of exchanges and dicentrics between homologous chromosomes and a low frequency of scorable translocations. Moreover, somatic pairing, probably by preventing the formation of looped regions in the interphase chromosomes, results in the almost total absence of intrachanges at both chromosome and chromatid level.
Mechanism of temperature-induced asymmetric swelling and shrinking kinetics in self-healing hydrogels

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Understanding the physical principle that governs the stimuli-induced swelling and shrinking kinetics of hydrogels is indispensable for their applications. Here, we show that the shrinking and swelling kinetics of self-healing hydrogels could be intrinsically asymmetric. The structure frustration, formed by the large difference in the heat and solvent diffusions, remarkably slows down the shrinking kinetics. The plateau modulus of viscoelastic gels is found to be a key parameter governing the formation of structure frustration and, in turn, the asymmetric swelling and shrinking kinetics. This work provides fundamental understandings on the temperature-triggered transient structure formation in self-healing hydrogels. Our findings will find broad use in diverse applications of self-healing hydrogels, where cooperative diffusion of water and gel network is involved. Our findings should also give insight into the molecular diffusion in biological systems that possess macromolecular crowding environments similar to self-healing hydrogels.
The Resounding Field of Visualised Self-Awareness: The Generation of Synesthetic Consciousness in the Sri Yantra Rituals of Nityasodasikarnava Tantra

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, I utilise current scholarship on synesthetic experience as a lens for evaluating the multi-layered cognitive and artistic processes by which Śrī Vidyā practitioners construct, visualise, and embody the primary symbol of their clan, the Śrī Vidyā diagram. This diagram is simultaneously a multi-hued visual image and a resounding symphonic field of luminous, reverberating graphemes. By constructing externally and visualising internally a sound field that is not just heard but perceived, the sādhaka generates an embodied poly-sensualised consciousness that is the ritualised means for achieving the aim of his Śākta practice: the recognition of one's self as non-distinct from that supreme goddess, Mahātripurasundarī, she whose self-emanation as the resounding, luminous Śrī Yantra, is itself the emergent cosmos.
Portable Lift for Transferring Wheelchair Patients to Elevated Vehicle

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

7 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 7 INFORMATION SOURCES 8 CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS AND ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS 8 Customer Requirements 8 Engineering Targets 9 PROBLEM ANALYSIS 11 Design Concepts 12 CONCEPT GENERATION 12 The Interview 12 Brainstorming 13 Bottle Jack with Scissor Lift Frame 13 Inflatable Air Jack with Scissor Lift Frame 13 CONCEPT SELECTION PROCESS 13 Lifting and Support Mechanisms 14 Air Jack with Scissor Support Structure: 14 Air Jack with Vertical Poles for Support Structure: 15 Bottle Jack Powered Scissor Lift: 15 Pulley Based Lift: 16 Wheelchair Securing Mechanisms 17 Clamps over Wheelchair Wheel 17 Depression in Wheelchair Platform 18 Hook and Cable 18 Chosen Lifting and Support Mechanism 20 Chosen Wheelchair Securing Mechanism 21 THE ALPHA DESIGN 21 Air Jack 22 Scissor Lift Mechanism 23 Wheelchair Securing Mechanisms 23 User Operation 23
On the Trust Decision in Virtual Society: Using the Least Point Principle in Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the virtual society on Internet seeking trusted nodes is a very difficult task in that there are so many elements to make all things uncertain. Therefore how to make trust decision becomes troublesome and has attracted interest from so many researchers. Traditional decision-making methods are mainly dependent on some uncertain theories, which include fuzzy sets theory, rough set theory, Bayesian network, probability theory and mathematical statistics. But none of them is qualified when we consider the QoS. In this paper, the lease point principle (LPP) is defined for the first time and used to help trust decision in Dempster-Shafer theory of belief function, then an universal algorithm, least point principle based trust decision (LPPBTD),is designed, which is followed by several experiments. The results computed by the experiments are nearly consistent with the reality, which verifies the fitness of using the proposed method to make trust decision.
Bell's palsy and herpes simplex.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

eye injuries was in players aged 11 to 15 years.Largely as a result of this study and others like it protective headwear and facewear is now mandatory in almost all junior ice hockey in Canada.There have also been recent articles regarding eye injuries in badminton2 and squash.3I am not aware of such an article on cricket eye injuries.This is just the right time for such a survey.I write from the land of ice hockey to the land of cricket in the hope of stimulating somebody to tackle the sticky
Inspiring the Next Generation: The International Space Station Education Accomplishments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The International Space Station (ISS) has a unique ability to capture the imagination of both students and teachers worldwide. Since 2000, the presence of humans onboard ISS has provided a foundation for numerous educational activities aimed at capturing that interest and motivating study in the sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Over 43 million students around the world have participated in ISS-related educational activities. Projects such as YouTube Space Lab, Sally Ride Earth Knowledge-based Acquired by Middle Schools (EarthKAM), SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold Engage and Reorient Experimental Satellites) Zero-Robotics, Tomatosphere, and MAI-75 events among others have allowed for global student, teacher and public access to space through student classroom investigations and real-time audio and video contacts with crewmembers. Educational activities are not limited to STEM but encompass all aspects of the human condition. This is well illustrated in the Uchu Renshi project, a chain poem initiated by an astronaut while in space and continued and completed by people on Earth. With ISS operations now extended to 2024, projects like these and their accompanying educational materials are available to more students around the world. From very early on in the program's history, students have been provided with a unique opportunity to get involved and participate in science and engineering projects. Many of these projects support inquiry-based learning that allows students to ask questions, develop hypothesis-derived experiments, obtain supporting evidence and identify solutions or explanations. This approach to learning is well-published as one of the most effective ways to inspire students to pursue careers in scientific and technology fields. Ever since the first space station element was launched, a wide range of student experiments and educational activities have been performed, both individually and collaboratively, by all the international partner agencies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), European Space Agency, (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), and a number of non-participating countries, some under commercial agreements. Many of these programs still continue, and others are being developed and added to the stations tasks on a regular basis. These diverse student experiments and programs fall into one of the following categories: student-developed experiments; students performing classroom versions of ISS experiments; students participating in ISS investigator experiments; education competitions; students participating in ISS Engineering Education; Education Demonstrations and Cultural Activities. This paper summarizes some of the main student experiments and educational activities that have been conducted on the space station.
Portrait Essay on Georgian Patriarchate Television ,,Ertsulovneba” (2023-2024)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Documentary film accurately reflects life's reality. In art, it is the most realistic form of depicting reality by its structure. It is documentary filmmaking that can realize the possibilities of mass communication in cinema. At the same time, documentary filmmaking fulfils all the functions of mass media - it is aimed at the educational sphere and is a source of information. The main task of a documentary film is to evoke a sense of reality in the audience. Documentary cinematography has added the documentary film essay to television genres. The film essay is divided into portrait, travel, problem and essays based on real facts and characters. The portrait, or biographical essay, is particularly widespread. Through the image of a real, specific person, it shows us a general social type. The portrait essay is characterized by an essayistic understanding of the narrative along with the image. Its goal is to present to the audience a person who leaves a significant mark in history, showing interesting details of their life. The work aims to study the genre features of the portrait essay in Georgian television media. It discusses the portrait essays of the TV of the Patriarchate of Georgia "Ertsulovneba", according to the characteristics of the documentary film - script, text, image, voice, music, photography and graphic design. It also presents a comparative analysis of the portrait essays of "Ertsulovneba" and the documentary films "Portraits of the Century" by of the Public Broadcaster. The work shows that in the Georgian television media, portrait essays are mainly dedicated to historical figures and contain all the characteristics of documentary cinema. As in "Century Portraits" by of the Public Broadcaster, in the portrait essays of "Ertsulovneba" artistic and documentary pieces are organically combined. This form of the film essay - the portrait essay - occupies an important place in the television program on both channels.
The Finiteness Problem for Automaton Semigroups of Extended Bounded Activity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We extend the notion of activity for automaton semigroups and monoids introduced by Bartholdi, Godin, Klimann and Picantin to a more general setting. Their activity notion was already a generalization of Sidki's activity hierarchy for automaton groups. Using the concept of expandability introduced earlier by the current authors, we show that the language of $ω$-words with infinite orbits is effectively a deterministic Büchi language for our extended activity. This generalizes a similar previous result on automaton groups by Bondarenko and the third author. By a result of Francoeur and the current authors, the description via a Büchi automaton immediately yields that the finiteness problem for complete automaton semigroups and monoids of bounded activity is decidable. In fact, we obtain a stronger result where we may consider sub-orbits under the action of a regular, suffix-closed language over the generators. This, in particular, also yields that it is decidable whether a finitely generated subsemigroup (or -monoid) of a bounded complete automaton semigroup is finite.
Bollgard® and Bollgard II® Efficacy in Near Isogenic Lines of 'DP50' Upland Cotton in Arizona

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Cry1Ac gene (Bollgard®) is available in cotton either alone ('B') or in combination (Bollgard II®) with a second gene, Cry2Ab ('X'). We evaluated these two different transgenes, separately and together, in near isogenic lines of the upland cotton variety ‘DP50’. DP50B was previously transformed with the Cry2Ab gene to give rise to the experimental line 985BX which was then back-crossed to DP50 to produce near isogenic single gene variants, 985B and 985X. The lepidopteran target was pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), which was evaluated in two field studies through a series of samples from artificially and naturally-infested bolls. In one study (NTO), three cotton lines (DP50, DP50B, 985BX) were evaluated under three spray regimes. In the second study (Isoline), five near isogenic lines (DP50, DP50B, 985B, 985X, 985BX) were evaluated under two spray regimes: fully sprayed and lepidopteran unsprayed. In lines containing only one transgene, Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab, bolls had consistently fewer PBWs than the non-Bt variety. Very few PBWs developed into large (3rd instar) larvae in these Bt varieties. The majority (NTO: 83%; Isoline: 94%) of PBWs recovered were dead first instar larvae. Less than 5% of the DP50B bolls in the NTO study were infested with feral large (≥3rd instar) larvae, and large larvae were present in less than 2% of naturally-infested bolls of single-gene lines in the Isoline study. PBW age and mortality distributions confirmed that the single transgenes were effective in stopping PBW development and killing young instars. Cry2Ab displayed a broader spectrum of efficacy as it was significantly more effective against citrus peelminer (Marmara spp.), an incidental lepidopteran present in high densities in the tests. The two-gene (Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab) line showed better (at least 10-fold) efficacy than the single-gene lines against PBW large larvae infestation. The PBW age distributions found in this variety consisted almost entirely (98%) of dead first instar larvae. Less than 0.6% of the bolls of the two-gene variety in the NTO study were infested with large (≥3rd instar) larvae, and there was no infestation by large larvae in any of the naturally-infested bolls in the Isoline study. Yields and other agronomic parameters of the two-gene and single-gene varieties were superior or similar to the null parent. Second pick yields of all Bt varieties were significantly higher than the recurrent parent non-Bt line, suggesting a high degree of efficacy against typically high PBW densities during the late season. Cotton lines with transgenes (Cry1Ac & Cry2Ab) separately and combined demonstrated a high degree of efficacy and agronomic performance for usage in Arizona against PBW. The ramifications of isogenic comparisons of PBW incidence on efficacy and resistance monitoring are discussed.
New administrative capital (opportunities and challenges) - A Comparative Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under the governmental policies to develop promising projects to overcome the problem of congestion and urban population growth.The government has developed and implemented several development projects; among them, is the new administrative capital, which is an expansion of urbanization.The Egyptian economy is by the growing investment opportunities offered by this new city tries to find work for Egyptian young people.In this paper a realistic analysis of the new city is carried out.The study reviews the transfer of the Egyptian capital historically.A comparative study based on word and global experience rather than an analysis of the proposed site of the city is carried out to highlight the future opportunities and challenges which may face this project. ‫البحث‬ ‫ملخض‬‫اٌلٌٚخ‬ ‫لبِذ‬ , ‫اٌّؼطوكح‬ ‫اٌَىبٔ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌي٠بكح‬ ‫اٌؼّوأٝ‬ ‫اٌزىلً‬ ‫ِشىٍخ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌٍزغٍت‬ ‫اٌٛاػلح‬ ‫ٌٍزّٕ١خ‬ ‫اٌلٌٚخ‬ ‫ٍ١بٍبد‬ ‫ظً‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫عل٠لا‬ ‫رٍٛؼب‬ ‫اٌغل٠لح‬ ‫اٌؼبطّخ‬ ‫رؼزجو‬ ‫ؽ١ش‬ , ‫اٌغل٠لح‬ ‫االكاه٠خ‬ ‫اٌؼبطّخ‬ ‫ِشوٚع‬ ‫ِٕٚٙب‬ ‫ٌٍزّٕ١خ‬ ‫ػل٠لح‬ ‫ِشبه٠غ‬ ‫ٚرٕف١ن‬ ‫ثبػلاك‬ ‫االلزظ‬ ‫أْ‬ ‫وّب‬ , ‫ٌٍؼّواْ‬ ‫اٌجؾش‬ ‫ٚ٠ؾبٚي‬ , ‫ٚاػلٖ‬ ‫اٌغل٠لح‬ ‫اٌّل٠ٕخ‬ ‫رٛفو٘ب‬ ‫اٌزٝ‬ ‫االٍزضّبه٠خ‬ ‫ٚاٌفوص‬ ّٛٔ ‫ؽبٌخ‬ ‫فٝ‬ ‫اٌّظوٞ‬ ‫بك‬ ‫اٌّّبصٍخ‬ ‫ٌٍزغبهة‬ ‫ِمبهٔخ‬ ‫كهاٍخ‬ ‫ٚػًّ‬ ‫اٌّظو٠خ‬ ‫اٌؼبطّخ‬ ‫ٌٕمً‬ ‫ربه٠قٟ‬ ‫اٍزؼواع‬ ‫فالي‬ ِٓ ‫اٌغل٠لح‬ ‫ٌٍّل٠ٕخ‬ ‫ٚالؼٝ‬ ‫رؾٍ١ً‬ ‫ػًّ‬ ٛ١ٍ ‫اٌزٝ‬ ‫ٚاٌزؾل٠بد‬ ‫اٌفوص‬ ‫ِب٘١خ‬ ‫ػٍٝ‬ ‫ٌٍٛلٛف‬ ‫ٚػوث١ب‬ ‫ػبٌّ١ب‬ ‫اٌلهاٍخ‬ ‫فالي‬ ِٓ ‫ٚاٌٛطٛي‬ ‫ٌٍّل٠ٕٗ‬ ‫اٌغل٠ل‬ ‫اٌزقط١ؾ‬ ‫اعٙٙب‬ ٌ ‫اٌَّزمجٍ١خ‬ ‫اٌزؾل٠بد‬ ‫رٛػ١ؼ‬ ‫اٌٟ‬ ‫اٌّمزوػ‬ ‫اٌّٛلغ‬ ‫ٚرؾٍ١ً‬ ‫اٌّمبهٔخ‬ ‫اٌّٛلغ‬ ‫ِالءِخ‬ ‫ػلَ‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫اٌجؾش‬ ‫ِشىٍخ‬ ‫ٚرزٍقض‬ ‫ٍّشوٚع‬ ‫اٌزٛط‬ ‫أِىٓ‬ ‫اٌجؾش‬ ‫فٟ‬ ‫ػوػٙب‬ ‫٠زُ‬ ‫ٍٛف‬ ‫اٌزٟ‬ ‫اٌّمبهٔخ‬ ‫ٌٍلهاٍبد‬ ‫ؽجمب‬ ‫اٌغل٠لح‬ ‫االكاه٠خ‬ ‫ٌٍؼبطّخ‬ ‫اٌّمزوػ‬ ‫ِٛلغ‬ ‫الزواػ‬ ‫اٌٝ‬ ً ‫طؼ١ل‬ ‫ِٕٚبؽك‬ ‫األؽّو‬ ‫اٌجؾو‬ ‫ٍٚبؽً‬ ‫اٌَٛ٠ٌ‬ ‫لٕبح‬ ‫ِؾٛه‬ ‫عٕٛة‬ ‫ِٕطمخ‬ ‫ِٕٚٙب‬ ‫ٌٍلٌٚخ‬ ‫اٌَّزمجٍ١خ‬ ‫اٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫ِٕبؽك‬ ‫٠قلَ‬ ‫ٌٍّل٠ٕخ‬ ‫ِالئُ‬ ‫رٕف١ن‬ ‫ٍوػخ‬ ‫ِواػبح‬ ‫ِغ‬ ‫ؽزّٟ‬ ‫أِو‬ ٛ٘ ‫ٌّظو‬ ‫عل٠لح‬ ‫اكها٠خ‬ ‫ػبطّخ‬ ‫أشبء‬ ‫أْ‬ ‫اٌٝ‬ ‫اٌجؾش‬ ‫ٚفٍض‬ ‫ٍ١ٕبء‬ ‫عي٠وح‬ ‫ٚشجٗ‬ ‫ِظو‬ .‫اٌّشوٚع‬
Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This Manual, which updates the first edition published in 1986, is a major advance in the standards for compilation and presentation of fiscal statistics. It is intended as a reference volume for compilers of government finance statistics, fiscal analysts, and other users of fiscal data. The Manual introduces accrual accounting, balance sheets, and complete coverage of government economic and financial activities. It covers concepts, definitions, classifications, and accounting rules, and provides a comprehensive framework for analysis, planning, and policy determination. To the extent possible, the Manual has been harmonized with the System of National Accounts 1993
A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a contribution to an already considerable historiography, it is suggested here that the Mane invaders of Sierra Leone comprised two principal elements —a ruling élite originating in the southern section of the Mande world of the Western Sudan, and numerical forces drawn from the area around Cape Mount. The first stage of movement took place in the first half of the sixteenth century, carrying Mande clans to the Liberian coast from the region around Beyla and perhaps even from the hinterland of modem Ghana. There then followed a number of incursions into Sierra Leone during the third quarter of the sixteenth century. A new ruling class was established in Sierra Leone and adjacent regions, bringing increased exploitation and causing the destruction of the indigenous ivory-carving skills. On the other hand, the Manes brought improved military techniques and advances in the manufacture of iron and cloth. They also profoundly influenced religious and social patterns, particularly with respect to the secret societies of the area.
Biomorphological characteristics of Lavatera thuringiaca L. and Sida hermaphrodita Rusby introduced into the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of long-term investigations of biomorphological characteristics of introduced perennial forage plants of Malvaceae family – Lavatera thuringiaca L. and Sida hermaphrodita Rusby in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are presented. The data on growth, development, leaf plate area and pure productivity of photosynthesis of perennial cultures in the process of ontogeny in the first and subsequent years of growing are given.
The history of the full licence banks and their recent branch development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This report provides a brief history of the development of the banking industry in Singapore and, thereafter, a detailed history of each of the local full-licenced banks, including the POSB. It has been established where the local banks have opened all their new branches since 1980 and reasons for locating a branch at a particular site have been offered. Finally, the report suggests possible future developments, regarding branch development for the local banks. The study has found out that, in order to tap the large population base and ensure a healthy volume of business, the local banks have developed vast networks to cater for the needs of customers. This is achieved by siting at convenient locations. It has been noted that all the Big 4 local banks, as well as the POSB, have at least one branch in most major residential areas, thus bringing their products and services as close as possible to the people. Other significant findings include the rapid percentage growth in the number of branches opened by Singapore's two smaller banks, Tat Lee Bank and Keppel Bank. An analysis of the actual number of branches, shows that the POSB in 1980, had the largest branch network and maintained that primary position through to 1993. It is the only bank that has over one hundred branches in Singapore.
Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.0227, Spurlock 1913.14.0227

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Administrative tablet ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.0227; CDLI P420609 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Yellowish White (10YR 9/1.5) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 3.6 x 3.3 x 2 cm (29g) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Seal impressions
France and the European Defence Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mr. Acheson proposed at the New York meeting of the North Atlantic Council, in September, 1950, that German divisions should be included in the Western Defence system, it came as a blow to most Frenchmen. Few had ever envisaged the possibility of rearming Germany. In fact, there had been considerable opposition to English and American policy towards the Federal Republic of Bonn since the formation of the Adenauer government in September, 1949. Thenceforth the split between the two Germanies had become an established fact. Germany was no longer merely a problem but a partner seeking to play an independent role in world affairs and to regain her full sovereignty. Step by step, the Bonn Republic quickly threw off most of its shackles: the occupation controls were eased and soon the Federal Government was authorized to have a Foreign Office and to establish diplomatic relations. During those months it was still generally understood that Germany would remain disarmed. France had always insisted on this and as late as the end of November, 1949, Robert Schuman, who was to become a staunch supporter of the EDC, said in the National Assembly :