jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Julia Duffy, Mental Capacity, Dignity and the Power of International Human Rights

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Julia Duffy, Mental Capacity, Dignity and the Power of International Human Rights Get access Julia Duffy, Mental Capacity, Dignity and the Power of International Human Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023, hard back, 272 pp, $AUD 179.95, ISBN: 978-1-009-30452-8 Kay Wilson Kay Wilson Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Australia kay.wilson1@unimelb.edu.au https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-0380 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Medical Law Review, fwae021, https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwae021 Published: 27 June 2024
Prevention of Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses cervical cancer, the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Screening and treatments for precancerous conditions have significantly reduced the death rate from cervical cancer. The high rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women has fueled the widespread use of vaccines as a preventive strategy to address the viral etiology of cervical cancer. Dietary intake and serum concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate are inversely correlated with persistence of cervical HPV infection and development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is often asymptomatic in early stages with symptoms typically presenting in advanced stage disease. This typically necessitates conventional treatments. This chapter reviews additional strategies, including stress management, supplementation with nutrients including folic acid and vitamin C and botanicals such as green tea and turmeric, which offer promising treatments especially for precancerous cervical dysplasia.
Cavitation Erosion of a Ship Model Propeller

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A four-bladed propeller model has been tested in a water tunnel with a flow regulator. Cavitation erosion of the aluminum alloy blades was caused by simulating the wake pattern behind a single screw ship in the test section of the tunnel. The relationship between the rate of weight loss and the time of exposure to cavitation was measured for each blade individually. Comparative tests, using the same material, have been carried out in a rotating disk apparatus and a magnetostriction oscillator. The erosion rates of the propeller model and of the specimens tested in the rotating disk apparatus show a similar dependence on time during the incubation, acceleration, and deceleration period. A steady-state period does not occur. The erosion rates of the specimens tested in the magnetostriction oscillator show a considerably different dependence on time. The mean erosion intensity of the test devices is 2.5 to 3 times larger than with the propeller model, based on the actual time of exposure to cavitation.
Lagrangian surfaces in $\mathbb H^2 \times \mathbb H^2$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Riemannian product of two hyperbolic planes of constant Gaussian curvature -1 has a natural Kähler structure. In fact, it can be identified with the complex hyperbolic quadric of complex dimension two. In this paper we study Lagrangian surfaces in this manifold. We present several examples and classify the totally umbilical and totally geodesic Lagrangian surfaces, the Lagrangian surfaces with parallel second fundamental form, the minimal Lagrangian surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature and the complete minimal Lagrangian surfaces satisfying a bounding condition on an important function that can be defined on any Lagrangian surface in this particular ambient space.
Is Miss America an Undernourished Role Model?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Boundary conditions alter density and stress fluctuations in shear-thickening suspensions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Discontinuous shear thickening in dense suspensions is accompanied by significant fluctuations in stress at a fixed shear rate. In this work, normal stress fluctuations are shown to have a one-to-one relationship with the formation and dissolution of local high-density regions. Namely, a burst in the force response corresponds to the spontaneous appearance of inhomogeneity. We observe that boundary conditions can significantly alter the spatiotemporal scale of these fluctuations, from short-lived to more sustained and enduring patterns. We estimate the occurrence frequency R and the average intensity Q of individual bursts/inhomogeneity events. The growth of R with the shear rate is the most rapid for the rigid boundary, whereas Q is nonmonotonic with confinement stiffness. Our results indicate that boundary conditions alter the development of inhomogeneity and thus the stress response under shear.
Medical management of premenstrual syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms occurring over several days before menstruation. In the differential diagnosis, family physicians should consider other conditions such as chronic yeast infection, allergy, stress, hypoglycemia and primary dysmenorrhea. Each patient should complete a daily menstrual diary for two to three monthly cycles. This diary may help the physician to determine the cyclical nature of PMS and specific symptoms. For most PMS sufferers, initial treatment involves the physician's acknowledgement of the problem and advice about lifestyle, dietary modification and vitamin supplements (e.g., pyridoxine). Seven steps are recommended to assist the family physician in the practical office management of most women with PMS. The potential role of progesterone and other agents in the treatment of PMS is described. Referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist, or the use of drugs such as lithium, danazol or bromocriptine may be required for women suffering from severe PMS.
Exact theory of localized and periodic structures in active optical cavity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The nonlocal order parameter equation for nonlinear optical resonator is approximated in the limit of high Fresnel number by the Swift- Hohenberg equation. The exact soliton and periodic solutions of the Swift- Hohenberg equation for optical resonator with thin slice gain element are obtained. It is shown that hyperbolic "flat" secant, "chirped" secant and Jacobi elliptic functions solutions in one transverse dimension are nonlinear eigenmodes for plane - parallel, confocal and quasiconfocal geometries.
Combining deep learning and radiomics-based machine learning to optimize predictions on medical images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In 2040, it is estimated that 28 million people will be diagnosed with cancer, an increase of almost 50% in comparison to figures from 2020 (GLOBACAN 2020). This will increase cancer’s burden on society and healthcare. Moreover, the lack of clinicians is already a worldwide issue, thus increasing the demand for tools to reduce their workload. There is therefore a need to keep improving and developing clinical decision support systems, which is the focus of this thesis. This thesis consists of two parts, both of which aim to explore the combined value of feature-based and deep-learning models for medical image analysis in cancer. The first part of this thesis investigates the combined predictions obtained from feature-based and deep-learning models. This could potentially lead to more accurate and robust frameworks. The second part of this thesis explores the use of feature-based models to augment the predictions of deep-learning models.
Changes in the distribution of fluorides in the Vega de Granada aquifer; hydrodynamics considerations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The distribution of fluorides contents in the Vega de Granada aquifer is updated with respect to the situation in the 2003-04 period. The results are compared with those obtained in the 1983-84 period, which was hydrologically similar. The conservative behaviour of the fluoride ion makes it a good tracer of groundwater. The results show that the general hydrodynamic features of the aquifer remain unmodified during the last two decades. Nevertheless, some significant local changes have been identified, as well as a significant regional increase in the concentrations. This is explained by the combined effect of the increase in the aquifer exploitation and decrease in the recharge from the surface water coming from the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Learning and Equilibrium

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The theory of learning in games explores how, which, and what kind of equilibria might arise as a consequence of a long-run nonequilibrium process of learning, adaptation, and/or imitation. If agents' strategies are completely observed at the end of each round (and agents are randomly matched with a series of anonymous opponents), fairly simple rules perform well in terms of the agent's worst-case payoffs, and also guarantee that any steady state of the system must correspond to an equilibrium. If players do not observe the strategies chosen by their opponents (as in extensive-form games), then learning is consistent with steady states that are not Nash equilibria because players can maintain incorrect beliefs about off-path play. Beliefs can also be incorrect because of cognitive limitations and systematic inferential errors.
Reply to: Observation on the article “Long‐term follow‐up comparison of two different bilayer dermal substitutes in tissue regeneration: Clinical outcomes and histological findings”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We thank the author of the comment for the interest in our paper and for the possibility to clarify some critical points. Nevelia has an appropriate pore size between 50 and 200 m, with a median pore size of 100 μm, and a degradation time of 21 days, both included in the optimal range indicated by Yannas et al.1 Optimal values of ligand densities for integrins α1β1 and α2β1 are not still available.2 Since the crosslinking treatment affects both the ligand density and the half-life for degradation, future studies are required to understand these effects on the regenerative activity of dermal substitute.1 For all these reasons, in our opinion it is not correct to claim that only Integra has these important features that allow better interaction between cells and scaffold. Clearly our study suffers from some weaknesses as the small sample size (n = 30) and the subjective assessment of Manchester Scar Scale. For this reason, we add to the clinical outcome the histological and immunohistochemical evaluation, which showed the good quality of the newly formed regenerated tissue. The fastest angiogenesis may occur due to increased M2 polarisation, which is more angiogenic than M1,13, 14 as observed from Uccioli et al.11-15 Histological and immunohistochemical data obtained on traumatic lesion after Nevelia implants are comparable to the ones observed from our group in venous and arterial chronic ulcers treatment on 35 patients showing a regenerated skin architecture analogue to normal skin physiology.16 Nevelia has a very limited number of studies15-20 so far. We hope that many other Nevelia studies will also follow in comparison with other collagen matrices, especially in centres with a great experience on dermal substitutes. The paper has been developed and structured uniquely displaying all scientific, clinical, histologic, and statistic data and their follow-up as they have been achieved. The comparison between Nevelia and Integra has become necessary as every time a new product is developed, to confirm its effectiveness, it is required to compare it with other similar products already in use. This process is part of the scientific research that is always in continuous development. Finally, we believe that research should be based on data comparison of different centres, on different therapies and/or devices, to obtain clear and robust indication to treat patients in the best possible way.
Quality Control of Gamma Irradiated Dwarf Mallow (Malva neglecta Wallr.) Based on Color, Organic Acids, Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Parameters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study addresses the effects of gamma irradiation (1, 5 and 8 kGy) on color, organic acids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of dwarf mallow (Malva neglecta Wallr.). Organic acids were analyzed by ultra fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) detector. Total phenolics and flavonoids were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated based on the DPPH• scavenging activity, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation inhibition. Analyses were performed in the non-irradiated and irradiated plant material, as well as in decoctions obtained from the same samples. The total amounts of organic acids and phenolics recorded in decocted extracts were always higher than those found in the plant material or hydromethanolic extracts, respectively. The DPPH• scavenging activity and reducing power were also higher in decocted extracts. The assayed irradiation doses affected differently the organic acids profile. The levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were lower in the hydromethanolic extracts prepared from samples irradiated at 1 kGy (dose that induced color changes) and in decocted extracts prepared from those irradiated at 8 kGy. The last samples also showed a lower antioxidant activity. In turn, irradiation at 5 kGy favored the amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of irradiation in indicators of dwarf mallow quality, and highlighted the decoctions for its antioxidant properties.
HYPERFUNCTIONING TUMORS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The earlier literature dealing with tumors of the adrenal cortex contains frequent references to the "adrenal cortical syndrome." With closer study of more cases, it has become apparent that there is no single syndrome which is characteristic of adrenal cortical hyperfunction. Rather, the clinical pictures associated with hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex are extremely protean in nature and presumably depend on the type and quantity of steroid hormones produced, the age and sex of the patient and perhaps on other factors. In recent years the combined efforts of internists, pediatricians, chemists (particularly the steroid chemists),physiologists and surgeons have resulted in substantial additions to knowledge of the syndromes
Dual phase regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by platelet-activating factor

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a model for multiple sclerosis and is considered to be a CD4+ Th1 cell–mediated autoimmune disease. To investigate the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in this disease, PAF receptor (PAFR) KO (PAFR-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, on a C57BL/6 genetic background, were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55. The levels of PAF production and PAFR mRNA expression in the spinal cord (SC) correlated with the EAE symptoms. PAFR-KO mice showed lower incidence and less severe symptoms in the chronic phase of EAE than WT mice. However, no difference was observed in T cell proliferation, Th1-cytokine production, or titer of IgG2a between both genotypes. Before onset, as revealed by microarray analysis, mRNAs of inflammatory mediators and their receptors—including IL-6 and CC chemokine receptor 2—were down-regulated in the SC of PAFR-KO mice compared with WT mice. Moreover, in the chronic phase, the severity of inflammation and demyelination in the SC was substantially reduced in PAFR-KO mice. PAFR-KO macrophages reduced phagocytic activity and subsequent production of TNF-α. These results suggest that PAF plays a dual role in EAE pathology in the induction and chronic phases through the T cell–independent pathways.
The evaluation of between-limb synchrony and reactive balance control measures as diagnostic tools for concussion in young ice hockey players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Problem This work explored the potential to detect changes in interlimb coordination following sport-related concussion (SRC) among young male hockey players. We hypothesized athletes who have sustained SRC over the season would show a reduced magnitude of between-limb CoP spatial symmetry and temporal synchrony, which will suggest greater instability post-concussion. Methods A convenience sample of 104, 13–18-year-old top-level competitive male ice hockey players with 146.63±12.75 days between tests was used. Participants were grouped based on whether they sustained a SRC between the pre- and post-season data collection time points, with 12 sustaining a SRC. Participants performed one 60 second trial of quiet standing with eyes open on force platforms. Participants who sustained a SRC participated in post-season balance testing 77.25±27.94 days after time of injury. Participants were placed in the fatigued group if they had completed performance testing prior to the balance test. The ratio of left and right limb root-mean-square CoP displacements were calculated from the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) CoP time series, to assess spatial symmetry. The cross-correlation of right and left limb CoP time series was used to obtain between-limb temporal synchrony of CoP displacements in AP and ML directions. Frequency decomposition of the data was completed to parse out the proactive and reactive components of balance control. Separate analysis of covariance (p < 0.05) on post-season temporal synchrony and spatial symmetry measures were conducted where SRC, fatigue status, and age were the dependent variables, and pre-season measures were the covariate. Results There were no statistically significant differences in post-season ML and AP temporal synchrony and spatial symmetry scores between the SRC, fatigue, or age groups. The same can be said for all analysis with the frequency decomposed measures. Conclusions Deficits in temporal and spatial between-limb synchrony and symmetry was not detected long-term in young male ice hockey players who have sustained a SRC. As well, fatigue has little effect on these measures which has clinical relevance in when this test may be conducted. Further research is required to clarify whether deficits exist closer to time of injury, and when those deficits resolve.
Influence of mineral composition and rumen degradability ofAtriplex nummularia(Hatfield Select F1) plants on selection preference of sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study examined intraspecific variation in mineral composition and rumen degradability of Atriplex nummularia plants and the influence on selection preferences of sheep. Individual plants were categorised into high, medium and least preference groups by assessing the order in which they were selected by sheep. Nine plants were selected from each group and the regrowth of these plants was analysed for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein (CP), mineral composition and rumen degradability of dry matter. The data was subjected to one-way and multivariate analyses of variance. Highly preferred plants had a higher concentration of CP, phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg) in their edible forage compared to the medium or least preferred plants. Individual preferences of sheep were not, however, associated with the rumen degradability parameters. Principal component analysis revealed that highly preferred plants had lower NDF, manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), and higher CP, calcium, P, Mg and potassium values compared to the least preferred plants. In contrast, medium preferred plants exhibited inconsistent patterns, with a tendency to have higher sodium chloride and sodium, and lower Mn, Zn and copper, concentrations in the forage. Keywords: forage quality in situ degradabilityintraspecific variationsalt bush
Infectivity decline of an RNA plant virus by increased mutagenesis supports the lethal defection model in vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Junta de Andalucia (P09-CVI-5428 y P10-CVI-6561), Plan Nacional I+D+i (BFU2007-65080 BMC) y Universidad de Malaga (Plan propio)
Prospective study ofmycobacterial infections in patients withcystic fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fiftyfourpatients withcystic fibrosis, aged3-67years,werestudied prospectivelyfor pulmonarymycobacterial infection. Sputumsmearsandcultures werecarried outandintradermal skin tests performed. Mycobacteria wereculturedfromsixpatients inassociation withclinical deterioration; fourpatients had positive direct smears. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M aviumintracellulare, M kansasit, andM gordonaewere isolated. Therewere no deathsandallimprovedwithchemotherapy. A thirdoftheother48patients hadpositive skintestresponses (>6mm) to purified proteinderivative (PPD) tuberculin and 21 to one or more antigens prepared fromnon-tuberculous mycobacteria. Sensitisation increased withage;beforetheageof11onlyone patient hada positive response toPPD tuberculin and none to any other antigen. Thiswas lessthaninhealthy control subjects ofsimilar age.Afterage 11thereactions insensitised patients werestronger thaninpositive healthy controlsubjects. Our studyindicates thatit is importantto consider mycobacterial infection inpatients with cystic fibrosis who deteriorate without obvious cause.