jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bond defects in adhesive joints before and after the treatment with laser generated shock waves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The verification of kissing bond defects with conventional nondestructive testing techniques is generally unsuccessful because kissing bonds behave very similar to an intact adhesive. Therefore, one has to apply a suitable method such as loading the adhesive joint using laser-generated shock waves in order to make this kind of defect detectable. The present work describes the results of experimental studies on nondestructive inspection of bond flaws in bonded joints of metal materials. While it is not the purpose of this work to evaluate or characterize shock waves, we demonstrate that kissing bond flaws can be made visible nondestructively using laser generated shock waves.
Understanding proxy decision‐makers’ perspectives of frailty and frailty tools to support decision‐making for persons with dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Proxy decision‐makers’ for persons with dementia (PwD) have identified feeling uninformed about the prognosis and progression of dementia and unsupported by healthcare professionals. One aim of our study was to explore how frailty is understood and if frailty tools may assist with decision‐making. Method We conducted a qualitative inquiry using focus groups to explore decision‐makers understanding of frailty and their perspectives of using frailty tools. Proxy decision‐makers were identified as formal agents of a PwD. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed and interpreted using thematic analysis. Result Analysis revealed the prevailing theme to be, frailty is understood as a mosaic . Decision‐makers’ primarily consider frailty a physical phenomenon, closely paralleling Fried’s (2000) frailty phenotype: weight loss, low activity, slow gait, weakness and fatigue. Participants also associated frailty with cognitive decline and emotional instability. Applying the term frailty to PwD produced an ambivalent response in participants, although the term itself was considered as acceptable to describe physical decline. Participants valued the Clinical Frailty Scale to aid in the understanding of the progression of physical decline, but felt the limited recognition of cognitive decline was a barrier. The fluctuating course of dementia also limited the utility of using a tool with fixed categories. Conclusion Frailty is a recognizable term to proxy decision‐makers, but is understood in a variety of ways, primarily as a physical phenomenon. Given the ambivalence in using this term and decision‐makers’ focus on cognitive changes, discussing frailty has little to add to improve supporting decision‐making in dementia.
Implementing the optimal provision of ecosystem services

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Significance Many ecosystem services are public goods available to everyone without charge, but the provision of these services often depends on the actions of private landowners who may bear cost to provide services. How to design incentives when the provision of services depends on the landscape pattern of conservation and where landowners have private information about costs presents a difficult challenge. Here we apply results from auction theory to design a payments scheme that achieves optimal provision of ecosystem services with spatially dependent benefits and asymmetric information. The auction mechanism works equally well whether property rights reside with the landowners so that the regulator pays landowners to conserve, or with the regulator so that landowners pay the regulator to develop.
Growth and gas exchanges of arugula plants under silicon fertilization and water restriction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The objective of this article was to study the growth and gas exchange of arugula plants under silicon (Si) fertilization and water stress. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, located in the municipality of Pombal, PB, Brazil, whose geographic coordinates are 6º 46 ‘S latitude and 37º 49’ W longitude and 178 m of altitude, situated in the 'Sertão Paraibano' micro-region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five Si doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) and two irrigation depths [50 and 100% of real evapotranspiration (ETr) based on weighing lysimeter], with four replicates. Silicon application was performed as foliar spray, using a commercial product composed of 0.75% Si and 0.15% Mo. Arugula growth and gas exchange was evaluated. Higher values for number of leaves and plant height were obtained in plants cultivated under 100% ETr. Silicon application between 100 and 120 mg L-1 led to better results in the physiological variables of arugula plants under water stress. Silicon application between 30 and 60 mg L-1 in arugula plants under 100% ETr irrigation allowed greater phytomass accumulation.
THE INTERACTION OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY AMONG NEURONS OF LOBSTER CARDIAC GANGLION

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The potential changes were recorded from the individual large cells of the lobster cardiac ganglion with the aid of intra-cellular microelectrodes. Special attention was paid to the interaction among the cells, and, using a dual beam oscilloscope, simultaneous recording was made from two different cells.2. The "follower" type of potential was the most common and similar to that obtained in ganglion cells of an American lobster, described by Hagiwara and Bullock (10), and Bullock and Terzuolo (7).3. The synaptic potentials in two adjacent cells were closely synchronized. This seems to indicate existence of common presynaptic fibers. On the other hand the superimposed spikes were not always synchronized.4. With an inward current applied to the cell membrane, the spike generation was often blocked. On the other hand, however, the synaptic potentials were increased in amplitude.5. An outward current applied to the cell membrane caused a depolarization. With sufficient strength a spike or a series of spikes was produced superimposed on the depolarization.6. Electrotonic potentials were elicited by an applied current, not only in the cell in which the current electrode was inserted, but also in a neighboring cell in which no current electrode was inserted, with a reduced amplitude and a delayed time course. This phenomenon was regarded as existence of "electrical connections" among large cells.7. In some specimens when the small cells were anaesthetized with 0.1% procain-sea water, a slow oscillatory potential change was produced in one of the large cells, which has variable amplitude of up to 10 mV and frequency of about one per second, and was superimposed with a spike or a series of spikes. 8. The slow oscillatory potentials appeared in a neighboring cell with a certain phase shift and a reduced amplitude. This phenomenon was explained as a sort of electrotonic spread which is made possible by the electrical connection among cells.
In the University's Ruins, Some Audiovisual Thoughts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Intellectual production in the university is increasingly in a position to incorporate multiple intelligences, such as visual acuity, bodily intelligence, and the ability to make abductive leaps. However, university knowledge is also increasingly tied to instrumental value; indeed universities are already incorporating the “audiovisual” as intellectual resource and commodity. In the ruins of the historically valued categories reason, culture, and “excellence” on which universities have been built (Bill Readings), creative pedagogy slows down the process whereby experience is translated into signification, signification is translated into communication, and communication is commodified. This argument is built around the experience of a course the author developed titled “Audiovisual Practice.”
Emma Hardy's Diaries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Emma Hardy's Diaries Get access Evelyn Hardy Evelyn Hardy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 14, Issue 79, Spring 1962, Pages 9–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/14.79.9 Published: 01 March 1962
Drinking and blood pressure during sodium depletion or ANG II infusion in chronic cholestatic rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After a chronic ligation of the common bile duct (BDL), Long-Evans rats are hypotensive and have elevated saline intake during both sodium-depleted and nondepleted conditions. We tested whether BDL rats have exaggerated hypotension during sodium depletion or an elevated dipsogenic response to angiotensin II (ANG II) that might help to explain the saline intake. After 4 wk of BDL, rats were hypotensive at baseline and developed exaggerated hypotension during acute furosemide-induced diuresis. Without saline to drink, BDL rats increased water intake during depletion equal to sham-ligated rats. However, with saline solution available at 22 h after sodium depletion, the BDL rats drank more water and saline than did sham-ligated rats. This rapid intake temporarily increased their mean arterial pressure to equal that of sham-ligated rats. Intravenous infusion of ANG II induced equal drinking responses despite reduced pressor responses in the BDL rats relative to sham-ligated rats during both ad libitum and sodium-depleted conditions. Thus BDL rats have exaggerated hypotension during diuresis, and their hypotension is corrected by drinking an exaggerated volume of saline, but they do not have an increased drinking response to ANG II.
Sean Metzger, The Chinese Atlantic: Seascapes and the Theatricality of Globalization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Analysing dozens of case studies from the Caribbean, England, and South Africa, Metzger explores how circulations of Chineseness in the Atlantic have been imagined through aesthetic objects. The Chinese Atlantic is a dense and at times difficult read that challenges easy understandings of the racial dynamics of either term Chinese or Atlantic.
The innovative grant of university–industry–research cooperation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to make government usage of technology research grants more efficient and to evaluate how to use university–industry–research cooperation to promote industrial innovation in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach This case study aims to use the triple helix model and other references to develop indicators which can estimate the performance of university–industry–research cooperation in Taiwan. The study selects three facets: “(prior) mechanisms,” “(in-progress) regulations” and “(post-hoc) operations” to find out the critical indicators contributing the final outcome. The study found that a successful university–industry–research cooperation requires the following factors: strengthening review methods for the mechanisms; its relationships of rights and obligations; policy needs in regulations; and plan incentives in operations. Findings It is recommended that, to promote university–industry–research cooperation in Taiwan, resource distributors and program management units should not only continue program application incentives and strengthen interdepartmental resource integration, they should also consider the establishment of a fair, just and open review mechanisms, and they should enhance the relationship between the rights and obligations of university–industry–research cooperation. Originality/value The study of this program includes application review before, during and after the program, management examination and performance evaluation to formulate recommendations as reference points for resource distributors and grant recipients. And because of industry–university cooperation being the main way of research and technology development, the findings and suggestions of this study may also be helpful for other grant systems in the world.
Assessment of sagittal lip position and some affecting factors in a sample of Iraqi adults

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the sagittal lip position and some of the factorsaffecting it regarding the gender differences, and their correlations in a sample of Iraqiadults.Sixty two participants (37 females and 25 males) collected among dental studentshaving Cl I skeletal and occlusal relations and full permanent dentition regardless thethird molars were chosen for this study. Each person was subjected to clinicalexamination and digital true lateral cephalometric radiograph. The radiographs wereanalyzed by using AutoCAD 2007 computer program to measure the sagittal lipposition using the soft tissue analyses of Steiner, Burstone, Ricketts, Sushner,Holdaway, and Merrifield. Descriptive statistics were obtained from themeasurements of both genders; independent samples t-test was performed to evaluatethe gender differences and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to find thecontributing factors to the sagittal lip position.Sagittal jaw angles were significantly higher in males than females, while verticaljaw angle was higher in females. Lower incisors showed slight proclination in bothgenders. The mean values of H-angle and revised H-angle in males were nonsignificantlyhigher than that of females, while the mean value of Z-angle was nonsignificantlyhigher in females. Upper and lower lips thickness mean values weresignificantly higher in males. Females had non-significantly more projected nosecompared to males. Regarding the sagittal lip position, upper and lower lipmeasurements were non-significantly higher in males than females in Ricketts,Steiner, Burstone, and Holdaway analyses, but it was significant in Sushner analysis,while Z-angle of Merrilfield was non-significantly higher in female sample. Pearson’scorrelation coefficient test revealed that upper and lower lip thickness wassignificantly positively correlated with sagittal lip position, while nose projection wassignificantly negatively correlated.Sagittal position values of the upper and lower lips in a sample of Iraqi adults areclose to the norms of Ricketts, Steiner, Sushner, Burstone, and Holdaway analyseswith a slight tendency of upper lip toward retrusion and lower lip toward protrusionwith the exception of that when compared with Sushner norms. In addition to the chinposition, lips thickness and nose projection are the most important factors thatinfluence the sagittal lip position and compensate for the variations in the jaw basesbetween genders.
Single-Stranded DNA Binding Proteins and Their Identification Using Machine Learning-Based Approaches

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins (SSBs) are critical in maintaining genome stability by protecting the transient existence of ssDNA from damage during essential biological processes, such as DNA replication and gene transcription. The single-stranded region of telomeres also requires protection by ssDNA binding proteins from being attacked in case it is wrongly recognized as an anomaly. In addition to their critical roles in genome stability and integrity, it has been demonstrated that ssDNA and SSB–ssDNA interactions play critical roles in transcriptional regulation in all three domains of life and viruses. In this review, we present our current knowledge of the structure and function of SSBs and the structural features for SSB binding specificity. We then discuss the machine learning-based approaches that have been developed for the prediction of SSBs from double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding proteins (DSBs).
Implied non-recombining trees and calibration for the volatility smile

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we capture the implied distribution from option market data using a non-recombining (binary) tree, allowing the local volatility to be a function of the underlying asset and of time. The problem under consideration is a non-convex optimization problem with linear constraints. We elaborate on the initial guess for the volatility term structure and use nonlinear constrained optimization to minimize the least squares error function on market prices. The proposed model can accommodate European options with single maturities and, with minor modifications, options with multiple maturities. It can provide a market-consistent tree for option replication with transaction costs (often this requires a non-recombining tree) and can help pricing of exotic and Over The Counter (OTC) options. We test our model using options data for the FTSE 100 index obtained from LIFFE. The results strongly support our modelling approach.
Automatic quantification of neurite outgrowth by means of image analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A system for quantification of neurite outgrowth in in-vitro experiments is described. The system is developed for routine use in a high-throughput setting and is therefore needs fast, cheap, and robust. It relies on automated digital microscopical imaging of microtiter plates. Image analysis is applied to extract features for characterisation of neurite outgrowth. The system is tested in a dose-response experiment on PC12 cells + Taxol. The performance of the system and its ability to measure changes on neuronal morphology is studied.
A DNA plasmid melanoma cancer vaccine, SCIB1, combined with nivolumab + ipilimumab in patients with advanced unresectable melanoma: Efficacy and safety results from the open-label phase 2 SCOPE trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9535 Background: Targeting melanoma by T cells drives anti-tumor responses. We previously showed that SCIB1, a DNA vaccine incorporating T cell epitopes from TRP-2/gp100 into an antibody framework to allow Fc targeting of activated dendritic cells, was successful as monotherapy in a Phase 1/2 trial in Stage III/IV melanoma patients. Disease control was achieved in 60% of cases of unresectable melanoma. In addition, 88% of 20 Stage III/IV patients treated with SCIB1 who had had a previous successful tumor resection, were disease free for 5 years. 1 st line combination treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma has a reported ORR of 50%. The current SCOPE trial tests the hypothesis that patients with unresectable melanoma may improve response rate when SCIB1 is given with checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). Methods: Previously untreated patients with unresectable Stage III/IV melanoma were treated with nivolumab with ipilimumab and SCIB1 (8 mg) i.m. using needle-free injections at a fixed dosing schedule for a total of 10 doses over 24 months. The CPI therapy was administered in accordance with respective SmPC. ORR, as measured by RECIST 1.1 in the intention-to-treat population, is the primary endpoint. The study is designed using Simon's two stage methodology with 80% power when the ORR of no interest is 50% and the true ORR is 70% with an overall type I error of 5%. In the 1st stage, 15 patients have been enrolled and as there were more than 8 clinical responses (ORR [CR or PR]) within 25 weeks of the 1st SCIB1 dose. Having passed Simon Stage 1, further recruitment continues. The null hypothesis will be rejected if 27 or more responses are observed in 43 patients. Results: To date, 23 patients have received the combination of SCIB1 with nivolumab and ipilimumab. At study entry, all patients were Stage IV. 13 patients have reached the first imaging timepoint at 13 weeks, the objective response rate is 11/13 (85%). 11/11 responses were confirmed in a subsequent scan (1 CR and 10 PRs); DCR 12/13 (92%) and 1 PD. Patients showed a 40-100% reduction in tumor volume at 13 and/or 25 weeks. Most of the SCIB1 adverse reactions were Grade 1/2 injection site related or headaches. 3 patients reported Grade 3 events (rash, neutropenia and raised GGT) all related to the CPIs. Observed toxicity frequency and intensity was in line with reported figures from ipilimumab/nivolumab therapy. Serious adverse reactions to date have all been related only to the CPIs. Conclusions: SCIB1 given with nivolumab and ipilimumab, as 1 st line treatment in unresectable melanoma, improved the ORR to 85% without an increase in clinically meaningful adverse events. These results, if confirmed in the larger ongoing patient cohort, provide confidence in initiating a randomized registration program in unresectable melanoma patients with this novel DNA plasmid technology. Clinical trial information: NCT04079166 .
Short-distance RG-analysis of $X(3872)$ radiative decays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a renormalization-group analysis of the $X(3872)$ radiative decays into $J/ ψγ$ and $ψ(2S) γ$. We assume a $D\bar{D}^{*}$ molecule for the $X$ long-distance structure and parametrize its short-distance physics as contact interactions. Using effective field theory techniques and power-divergence subtraction scheme, we find that short- and long-distance physics are equally important in these decays. Our calculations set a lower limit to the corresponding decay widths, which can in principle be tested experimentally. Our results may be used as guide to build models for the $X$ short-distance.
Two-dimensional partial orderings: Recursive model theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper and the companion paper [9] we describe a number of contrasts between the theory of linear orderings and the theory of two-dimensional partial orderings. The notion of dimensionality for partial orderings was introduced by Dushnik and Miller [3], who defined a partial ordering 〈 A, R 〉 to be n -dimensional if there are n linear orderings of A , 〈 A, L 1 〉, 〈 A, L 2 〉 …, 〈 A, L n 〉 such that R = L 1 ∩ L 2 ∩ … ∩ L n . Thus, for example, if Q is the linear ordering of the rationals, then the (rational) plane Q × Q with the product ordering (〈 x 1 , y 1 〉 ≤ Q × Q 〈 x 2 , y 2 , if and only if x 1 ≤ x 2 and y 1 ≤ y 2 ) is 2-dimensional, since ≤ Q × Q is the intersection of the two lexicographic orderings of Q × Q . In fact, as shown by Dushnik and Miller, a countable partial ordering is n -dimensional if and only if it can be embedded as a subordering of Q n . Two-dimensional partial orderings have attracted the attention of a number of combinatorialists in recent years. A basis result recently obtained, independently, by Kelly [7] and Trotter and Moore [10], describes explicitly a collection of finite partial orderings such that a partial ordering is a 2dpo if and only if it contains no element of as a subordering.
STUDI PENERAPAN ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR Ny F DENGAN MASALAH IKTERUS FISIOLOGIS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Newborns are babies who are born normal, full term, and weigh 2,500-4000 grams, cry loudly, and without congenital abnormalities. With the provision of midwifery care for newborns, it can help reduce IMR and provide welfare for BBL. This care uses the midwifery management approach and the SOAP method. By using a descriptive qualitative research method through a case study approach using midwifery management steps such as conducting assessments, determining diagnoses, planning care, conducting interventions, making evaluations, and documenting midwifery care. Midwifery care in pregnancy given to Mrs. F 39-40 weeks gestation. The baby was born spontaneously with the help of a midwife, weight 3,400 grams, PB 50cm, LK 33cm, LD 32cm, male gender. BBL visits were carried out 2 times starting from February 16, 2021 to February 21, 2021 and when the second visit was found a problem in the baby, namely physiological jaundice, the midwife gave advice to the mother to breastfeed the baby constantly at least every 2 hours and dry the baby in the morning around 07.00 -09.00 WIB within 15 minutes. Continuity of midwifery care given to Mrs. F has been carried out, the problems experienced by the baby can be resolved properly so that the baby's condition is in good health. It is hoped that midwives can maintain quality and quality services based on midwifery service standards. So that it can prevent the occurrence of neonatal emergencies, in order to reduce the infant mortality rate.