jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coreless PCB-based transformers for power MOSFET/IGBT gate drive circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gate drive circuits for modern power electronic switches such as MOSFET and IGBT often require electrical isolation. This paper describes initial results of some coreless PCB-based transformers that can be used for MOSFET and IGBT devices at high frequency (500 kHz to 2 MHz) operation. Such transformers substantially reduce the labour cost in winding core-based transformers and simplifies the automation process of gate drive circuits.
Weak ion acoustic double layers and solitary waves on the auroral field lines

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we have investigated the time‐stationary solutions of weak double layers and solitary waves moving near the ion acoustic speed. It has been found that these nonlinear waves exist when the electric potential is negative and the reflected (trapped) ion density is very much depleted. Both cases of isothermal and nonisothermal electrons have been considered. It has been shown that the double layers and solitary waves discussed in this paper may explain the recent observations on the auroral field lines.
Oxygen: The Antidote for Systemic Toxic Reactions from Local Anesthetic Drugs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For many years barbiturates have been used for prophylaxis and treatment of systemic toxic reactions to local anesthetic drugs. A study of 533 systemic toxic reactions and their treatment in 36,113 regional block procedures showed that: (1) the reactions were a result, not of an allergy but of high concentrations of the drug in the blood; (2) barbiturates used to treat such a reaction may do harm rather than good and may actually hasten the death of a patient; (3) barbiturates given preoperatively did not prevent reaction; (4) correction of oxygen want was the key to successful treatment of such a reaction; and (5) succinylcholine chloride, not a barbiturate, is now the drug of choice to stop convulsions and allow adequate oxygenation of the patient.
Another look at the degree‐Kirchhoff index

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let G be an arbitrary graph with vertex set {1,2, …, N } and degrees d i ≤ D , for fixed D and all i , then for the index R ′( G ) = ∑ i < j d i d j R ij we show that We also show that the minimum of R ′( G ) over all N ‐vertex graphs is attained for the star graph and its value is 2 N 2 − 5 N + 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Penerapan Metode Pengajaran Bahasa Situasional (PBS) Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to describe the vocabulary mastery of training participants at the Dhyana Pura Tourism Education and Training Center, PPLP, in the front office before and after the implementation of the Situational Language Teaching (SLT) method. This article used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, especially concurrent mixed methods with experimental design in the form of Intact - Group Comparison. The sample selection used nonprobability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. The quantitative analysis results show that in the pretest phase, the mean vocabulary mastery of the training participants at PPLP before the implementation of the SLT method only reached the E predicate (failed) with a value of 27 from a maximum value of 100 with a success rate of 26.80% for the experimental class and a score of 25 with a success rate of 24.50% for the control class. After the treatment, the results of the posttest proved that there was an increase in the average vocabulary mastery of training participants in the experimental class by 58.63% with a posttest mean score of 85 (85.43%), predicate A (very good). Whereas in the control class that was not subject to action, the increase was very small, only 15.97% with a mean posttest score of 40 (40.47%), predicate D (less). The SLT method is very effective and efficient to assist the learning process in the classroom because training participants can be trained to find, place and use vocabulary according to the context practically through the conversations that have been made.
TMOD-12. YAP/TAZ FUNCTION IN PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant high-grade gliomas (HGGs), neoplasms of glial cells and their precursors, such as glioblastomas (GBMs) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are the most deadly primary brain tumors in children, and are incurable with current therapies. The most frequent genetic lesions in pediatric HGGs (pHGGs) include amplification/mutation/overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as PDGFRA, and neomorphic K27M mutations in histone H3 proteins that dominantly block H3-K27 methylation and prevent normal epigenetic gene silencing. Current data indicates that RTK signaling and H3-K27M mutations cooperate to drive tumor pathology and confer therapeutic resistance. To understand how these mutations drive tumorigenesis, my research program uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes functional screening in Drosophila glioma models and drug testing in patient-derived HGG tumor stem cell cultures. Our studies yielded strong preliminary evidence that the YAP transcriptional activator is overexpressed and activated in RTK-mutant pHGG cells, and that YAP transcriptional activity is required for proliferation and survival of pHGG cells, particularly in pHGGs harboring H3-K27M mutations. YAP family transcription factors can normally stimulate expansion of stem/progenitor cell populations in response to physiological RTK signaling. Established YAP transcriptional target genes, which are normally controlled by methylation and epigenetic silencing, include genes that can drive HGG tumor cell self-renewal, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance when overexpressed. Therefore, we hypothesize that, as a consequence of oncogenic RTK alterations, YAP becomes constitutively activated to drive a gene expression program that promotes uncontrolled expansion of neural stem/progenitor cells to create malignant tumors, and that this is exacerbated by H3-K27M epigenetic dysregulation. In testing this hypothesis, we generated compelling preliminary data showing that inhibition of YAP specifically provokes growth arrest and cell death of RTK-overexpressing H3-K27M-mutant pHGG cells. Our research indicates that YAP inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for pHGGs.
Identification of Mucopolysaccharide Types in Diabetic Placenta and Umbilical Cord Tissues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The health of the placenta significantly influences the fetus's well -being. Placental abnormalities, especially in diabetic pregnancies, can lead to various complications affecting both the mother and the fetus. Understanding the types and distribution of mucopolysaccharides in the placenta and umbilical cord tissues of diabetic pregnancies is crucial for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Objective: The aim is to identify the types of mucopolysaccharides present in the diabetic placenta and the tissues of the umbilical cord. Materials and Methods: We conducted this non -interventional descriptive study. We analyzed a total of 36 biopsies, comprising 18 from diabetic pregnancies and 18 from healthy pregnancies. We prepared sections (3 -5 microns) from these tissues and processed them using various staining techniques, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Alcian Blue -PAS combination, and mild methylation with Alcian Blue staining. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: From 216 samples, sections of the umbilical cord stained with H&E showed 72% normal histological structures. Combination techniques revealed that 34% of mucopolysaccharides were neutral and strongly acidic. Mild methylation revealed that 45% of mucopolysaccharides were strongly carboxylated and 33% were strongly sulfated. Diabetic placenta sections stained with H&E showed 33% inflammatory changes, with basement membrane thickening.Combination techniques were used to detect 45% neutral and strongly acidic mucopolysaccharides.Mild methylation revealed that 39% had no acidic mucopolysaccharides, 33% were strongly sulfated, and 17% were strongly carboxylated.Conclusion: The study highlights significant differences in the types of mucopolysaccharides between diabetic and non -diabetic placental and umbilical cord tissues.Diabetic tissues exhibited higher levels of strongly carboxylated and sulfated mucopolysaccharides, indicating potential markers for diabetes complications during pregnancy.
The Impact of R&D Subsidy on Innovation: a Study of New Zealand Firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the impact of government assistance through R&D grants on innovation output for firms in New Zealand. Using a large database that links administrative and tax data with survey data, we are able to control for large number of firm characteristics and thus minimise selection bias. We find that receipt of an R&D grant significantly increases the probability that a firm in the manufacturing and service sectors applies for a patent during 2005–2009, but no positive impact is found on the probability of applying for a trademark. Using only firms that participated in the Business Operation Survey, we find that receiving a grant almost doubles the probability that a firm introduces new goods and services to the world while its effects on process innovation and any product innovation are relatively much weaker. Moreover, there is little evidence that grant receipt has differential effects between small to medium (<50 employees) and larger firms. These findings are broadly in line with recent international evidence from Japan, Canada and Italy which found positive impacts of public R&D subsidy on patenting activity and the introduction of new products.
Path dependency, regional variety and the dynamics of new firm creation in rooted and pioneering industries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper explores regional firm entry connecting insights on the role of localised path dependency with the analysis of variety in regional sectoral structures. Using data on 700 SIC5 industries across 174 NUTS3 regions in the UK between 2000 and 2014, we provide evidence of positive complementarities between industrial path dependence and regional-related variety for firm entry in rooted pre-existing industries. These are negative for entry of pioneering firms in industries new to the region, pointing to lock-in effects and the role of unrelated variety in fostering linkages and knowledge spillovers away from established trajectories.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Jasmone, Jasmonic Acid, and Some Analogues from Alkyne‐Cobalt Complexes via the Khand Reaction.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Khand reaction of the alkyne‐hexacarbonyldicobalt complexes (III) ‐ derived from the tosylate (I) by metalorganic reaction ‐ with ethylene (VI) allows the synthesis of the cyclopentenone (VIIa) and jasmone (VIIb).
Student Consulting Organizations: An Alternative Approach to Service-Learning

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Student consulting organizations, such as Project Empowerment, have several advantages relative to classes that offer credit for service-learning. This chapter describes Project Empowerment, a student organization at Boston College that reinforces classroom learning by giving students the opportunity to provide short-term management services to not-for-profits. After providing some institutional background and sketching the origin of Project Empowerment, it describes how the organization operates and offer some observations about the strengths and weaknesses of this approach to active learning. Project Empowerment's original constitution, as written by the student founders. The official purpose of Project Empowerment and its membership requirements are general enough to welcome students from all parts of the university. Project Empowerment's executive board consists of three student officers and a faculty adviser. The chapter also describes the recruitment of members, the role of the faculty adviser, project selection, and other topics about the operation of Project Empowerment.
Ohmic Heating of Basil-based Sauces: Influence of the Electric Field Strength on the Electrical Conductivity

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Moderate Electric Field (MEF) processing of foods consists in the application of an electric potential gradient (????/??) ranging from 1 to 1000 V/cm on a food item (homogeneous or heterogeneous) placed between two electrodes, its main effect being the food heating due to the dissipation of a part of the electric energy into heat within the food item. The heating performances of such a system depend on several process and system parameters, including the applied ????/??, the food electrical conductivity, and its thermo-physical properties. In this study, the effects due to the salt composition and to the applied ????/?? to a heterogeneous food (constituted by a basil-based sauce, mainly fibers dispersed in a slightly salted water-oil emulsion) treated in a custom MEF system on the food heating rate are investigated. The samples were prepared at different salinities (3.25, 1.63, 0.86 and 0.43% w/w respectively). In the explored range of compositions, the heating rate increased linearly with the square power of applied ????/??. A slight linearity deviation above 55°C was observed for the basil-based sauce at 1.63% and 5.20 V/cm, associated with bubble formation within the ohmic system and the electrolytic reactions occurring at the electrode-solution interface during the MEF heating process. The salt content as well as the ratio between water and oil in the sample formulation played a crucial role in determining the thermo-electrical behavior of the basil-based sauce samples. Samples with salinity of 1.63%, compared to samples at 3.25%, exhibited a higher electrical conductivity, being due to a minor concentration of the non-conductive phase (namely the oil phase as well as the dispersed vegetable fibers into the solution) that exerts a major degree of electrical insulation. As the salinity decreases from 1.63% to 0.43%, samples were characterized by lower electrical conductivities, being due to a reduced ionic mobility when the salt contained into the sample is drastically reduced.
Application of artificial neural network to optimize sensor positions for accurate monitoring: an example with thermocouples in a crystal growth furnace

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose to utilize artificial neural network (ANN) to optimize positions of a limited number of sensors for accurate monitoring, and demonstrate its effectiveness by a case study of four thermocouples in a directional solidification furnace. Our concept consists of choosing the positions with ANN that has the lowest loss from a multiplicity of ANNs, which were trained by the simulated temperature distributions along the outer crucible wall. Interestingly, the top ten ranks of accurate predictions contain positions around the crucible's bottom to suggest the importance of measuring temperatures carefully around high-temperature gradients that is the boundary between different materials.
A study of brain functional connectivity and cognitive processes in long COVID-19 patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this work, a prospective study conducted at the IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna is presented. The aim was to investigate the brain functional connectivity of a cohort of patients (N=23) suffering from persistent olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Post-COVID-19 syndrome), as compared to a matching group of healthy controls (N=26). In particular, starting from individual resting state functional-MRI data, different analytical approaches were adopted in order to find potential alterations in the connectivity patterns of patients’ brains. Analyses were conducted both at a whole-brain level and with a special focus on brain regions involved in the processing of olfactory stimuli (Olfactory Network). Statistical correlations between functional connectivity alterations and the results of olfactory and neuropsychological tests were investigated, to explore the associations with cognitive processes. \nThe three approaches implemented for the analysis were the seed-based correlation analysis, the group-level Independent Component analysis and a graph-theoretical analysis of brain connectivity. Due to the relative novelty of such approaches, many implementation details and methodologies are not standardized yet and represent active research fields. \nSeed-based and group-ICA analyses’ results showed no statistically significant differences between groups, while relevant alterations emerged from those of the graph-based analysis. In particular, patients’ olfactory sub-graph appeared to have a less pronounced modular structure compared to the control group; locally, a hyper-connectivity of the right thalamus was observed in patients, with significant involvement of the right insula and hippocampus. Results of an exploratory correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the graphs global modularity and the scores obtained in olfactory tests and negative correlations between the thalamus hyper-connectivity and memory tests scores.
Glycosidic linkages of legume, grass and cereal straw cell walls before and after extensive degradation by rumen microorganisms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The technique of methylation analysis for the location of glycosidic linkages in cell wall polysaccharides was applied directly (after dry milling in liquid nitrogen) to whole wheat and barley straws, cell wall preparations from early‐ and late‐cut perennial ryegrass and white clover, and their extensively degraded residues recovered from the rumen. The addition of an internal standard, methyl‐β‐D‐allo‐pyranose, to milled samples enabled the recovery of partially‐methylated sugars to be quantified, and the recovery of parent sugars from methylated material to be compared with values obtained by direct estimation of monosaccharides by the alditol acetate method. Recovery of sugars from methylated samples was generally higher than that predicted by the alditol acetate method, particularly from digested residues. All four samples of Gramineae showed similar proportions of glycosidic linkages in which (1 →4)‐linked xylose and glucose units accounted for more than 80% of total identified partially‐methylated sugars. The proportions of glycosidic linkages found in digested residues of straws were essentially the same as those found in the parent material. In residues of the more digestible ryegrass there was a two‐ to three‐fold increase in (1→4)‐linked xylose units without branch points at the O ‐2/ O ‐3 positions, the proportions of these branch points being substantially reduced. A corresponding reduction in the proportion of (1→2)‐, (1→3)‐and terminally‐linked arabinose units was also found. The proportion of both (1→4)‐ and (1→3)‐linked glucose units were also reduced in digested residues. These changes were greater in the early‐cut than in the late‐cut sample. White clover differed from the Gramineae in a number of respects. Galactose units predominantly in the form of (1→4)‐, (1→6)‐ and terminally‐linked units, were the major non‐cellulosic sugars present. The proportion of all forms of galactose was reduced in digested residues, but (1→6)‐linked units appeared more resistant to degradation than (1→4)‐linked units. Like ryegrass, the proportion of xylose units increased in digested residues from clover, while the proportion of glucose decreased. The proportion of (1→4)‐linked mannose units, initially present at levels ten times as great as in the Gramineae, was also substantially reduced.
Reduction in gene expression noise by targeted increase in accessibility at gene loci

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Many genes in higher organisms are transcribed intermittently rather than continuously. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon, which is often referred to as “noise” in gene expression, are not clear. Building on previous work, we show that this behavior arises because the regulatory regions of eukaryotic genes are usually sequestered within dense chromatin and become accessible to transcription factors only intermittently because of random local decondensation events in chromatin. We constitutively opened the chromatin at the promoters of two genes, which resulted in a reduction in the noise in their transcription. This perturbation reveals that the natural compaction of chromatin is responsible for noisy gene expression and also shows a route to selectively reducing the transcriptional noise from particular genes.
Effects of diosmin on changes of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and kidney tissues of rats with kidney ischemia and reperfusion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的:观察地奥司明(DOSM)对肾缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠血清和肾组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10水平的影响,并探讨其对肾脏的保护机制.方法:180只SD大鼠随机分成3组:假手术组(sham)、肾缺血/再灌注模型组(I/R)和地奥司明+肾缺血/再灌注模型组(DOSM+I/R).采用ELISA方法测定血清和肾脏组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10...
Peer Review #1 of "Effects of income and residential area on survival of patients with head and neck cancers following radiotherapy: working age individuals in Taiwan (v0.2)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: 5-year survival rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) after radiotherapy (RT) varies widely from 35% to 89%.Many studies have addressed the effect of socioeconomic status and urban dwelling on survival of HNC, but a limited number of studies have focused on the survival rate of HNC patients after RT. Materials and methods: During the period of 2000-2013, 40985 working age individuals (20< age < 65 years) with HNC patients treated with RT were included in this study from a registry of patients with catastrophic illnesses maintained by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).Results: The cumulative survival rate of HNC following RT in Taiwan was 53.2% (mean follow-up period, 3.75 ± 3.31 years).The combined effects of income and geographic effect on cumulative survival rates were as follows: high income group >medium income group > low income group and northern > central > southern > eastern Taiwan.Patients with moderate income levels had a 36.9%higher risk of mortality ascompared with patients with high income levels (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.369; p < 0.001).Patients with low income levels had a 51.4% greater risk of mortality than patients with high income levels (HR = 1.514, p < 0.001).Conclusion: In Taiwan, income and residential area significantly affected the survival rate of HNC patients receiving RT.The highest income level group had the best survival rate, regardless of the geographic area.The difference in survival between the low and high income groups was still pronounced in more deprived areas.
Smoking among pregnant women - epidemiology and health consequences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTSmoking during pregnancy is an important, preventable risk factor for late fetal death and even SIDS.There is a strong dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and spontaneous abortion,reduction in birth weight, abruptio placentae, placenta previa and bleeding during pregnancy. Ten yearsago, the prevalence of smoking among Norwegian pregnant women was between 35 and 40%. Duringthe last 8 years there has been a dramatic change and in 1995 the prevalence seems to be around 20%.