jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement by treatment with γ-oryzanol in sporadic Alzheimer's disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease is characterised by cognitive impairments and associated with cerebrometabolic anomaly and dementia which are burdensome for the old age population and their caregivers worldwide. A safe and effective treatment is essentially required for its prevention and cure. γ-Oryzanol (OZ) is reported for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects in various preclinical studies. In silico studies showed similar binding interactions with acetylcholinisterase like Donepezil (DONO). In vitro DPPH assay, AchE activity inhibition assay and cell viability assay on SH-SY5Y cell line confirmed that OZ has good free radical scavenging and cholinesterase inhibitory activity as well as safety profile. OZ was evaluated in vivo for its effect in streptozotocin (STZ) induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease in rats. Maze tests reflected improvement in spatial cognitive behavior indicated by reduction in working memory and reference memory error. OZ showed anti-AchE, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. OZ showed effective anti-proinflammatory effects in cerebral milieu as indicated by significant reduction in active glial cells and found to improve synaptic connectivity. Thereby OZ reflected protection of the cerebral architecture against STZ induced damage. Thus, OZ exhibits its candidature as a therapeutic moiety to improve cognitive behavior in neurodegenerative disorders.
Fit evaluation of cad/cam fabricated all-ceramic restorations based on direct and indirect digitalization in vivo: a systematic review.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare the fit of all-ceramic restorations on natural teeth fabricated through a direct digital workflow or an indirect digital workflow. An electronic search of publications was established from three electronic databases: Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science. The search strategy used a combination of controlled vocabulary and free-text words. The detailed search design and strategies, including keywords, are presented below. The authors used two filters to follow data for the research: papers written in English and published in the last 5 years. The search resulted in 3042 titles. Following the first stage of screening, after the records identification through database manual searching, 3047 potentially relevant studies were identified. After the second stage screening, 38 full text publications were obtained and analyzed and 17 were excluded. Afterwards, 22 articles resulted eligible after full text reading and a cross search of the articles references was accomplished and 5 articles were consequently added. At last, 6 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. This study was designed to compare the fit of restorations obtained by means of a direct or indirect digital workflow. The values reported on the maximum acceptable gap in scientific literature range from 50 to 200 μm, so there does not seem to be an objective limit based on scientific evidence. According to the most accepted marginal discrepancy in the literature, most of the values of the studies examined are in the 200 μm acceptability range. Within the limitations of this systematic review, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabricated restorations obtained by means of an intraoral scanner (IOS) showed better marginal and internal fit than restorations obtained through conventional impression and subsequent laboratory scanning. According to the results of this systematic review, the direct digital workflow resulted as a valid alternative to the indirect digital workflow to produce CAD/CAM all-ceramic restorations.
Design procedure and modeling of high power, high performance, zero-voltage zero-current switched, full-bridge PWM converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A general design procedure for the high power, high performance, zero-voltage zero-current switched full-bridge (ZVZCS-FB), PWM power converter is presented. Average and small-signal models of the power converter are developed. The former shows a decrease in loss of duty-cycle with increasing output power, whereas the latter reveals negative damping effects. Both effects are produced by the interaction between blocking capacitor and saturable reactor in the primary of the output transformer. Validation of design equations and model predictions is accomplished through numerical solution of steady-state nonlinear equations and experimental results from a 10 kW, multi-module, ZVZCS power converter operating at 100 kHz, and featuring power sharing and interleaving.
Knowledge of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Among Hmong Populations in Central California

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is high and the incidence is increasing among the Hmong community. To date, there have been few studies on NPC and other cancers in the Hmong population. The purpose of this study was to measure theknowledge of a rural Hmong community in California in regards to nasopharyngeal cancer. A questionnaire that evaluated knowledge of nasopharyngeal cancer was developed and given to 145 Hmong participants. The participants’ knowledge varied with age and educational level but not with gender. Middle-aged generations had thehighest level of knowledge on nasopharyngeal cancer. In contrast, low knowledge of NPC was revealed in the older generations. Participants with no school were the least knowledgeable about nasopharyngeal cancer. Those participants with the highest formal education were most knowledgeable about the disease. Hmong males and females areboth knowledgeable of nasopharyngeal cancer. This study provides insights for public health practitioners regarding culturally-sensitive strategies to control the increase of NPC in Hmong populations.
Spontaneous fission half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclei within a generalized liquid drop model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We systematically calculate the spontaneous fission half-lives for heavy and superheavy nuclei between U and Fl isotopes. The spontaneous fission process is studied within the semi-empirical WKB approximation. The potential barrier is obtained using a generalized liquid drop model, taking into account the nuclear proximity, the mass asymmetry, the phenomenological pairing correction, and the microscopic shell correction. Macroscopic inertial-mass function has been employed for the calculation of the fission half-life. The results reproduce rather well the experimental data. Relatively long half-lives are predicted for many unknown nuclei, sufficient to detect them if synthesized in a laboratory.
Design Strategies for Tripolarized Antennas with Wideband Characteristic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two design strategies to construct wideband tripolarized antennas are summarized and presented in this paper. First is a design method for a low-profile structure, which can achieve up to 24% fractional bandwidth with a profile of only 0:09λ min , (λ min is the free-space wavelength at the minimum operating frequency). When the antenna height can be compromised, i.e. increasing to about 0:17λ min , we will demonstrate how a substantially large fractional bandwidth of 80% can be achieved in an integrated structure.
Multi-Dimensional Evolutionary Algorithms for Training Neural Networks with Heterogeneous Architectures in Pricing of American Style Options

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A common problem in training artificial neural networks is determining the optimal network architecture for the particular problem. An ontology is presented that allows for the generalization of the multi-dimensional differential evolution (MD-DE) algorithm in training an ensemble of neural networks with heterogeneous architectures. This generalized algorithm is referred to as the multi-dimensional evolutionary algorithm (MD-EA) since it provides a framework for performing any of the evolutionary optimization algorithms such as differential evolution or genetic algorithms on neural networks with heterogeneous architectures.
Contextual Meanings of the Strengths Perspective for Social Work Practice in Mental Health

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the strengths perspective seems a natural framework for social workers practicing in mental health, it often plays a minor role in planning and evaluation. Two issues complicate its use: (a) The concept of strengths has different meanings and functions, depending on whether viewed as part of assessment, intervention, or outcome, and (b) the strengths perspective is an applied concept operating only through the medium of a specific intervention, not a modality whose efficacy can be independently evaluated. When these factors are ignored, the role of the strengths perspective can seem vague, peripheral, too obvious and “soft” to be a serious component of the change process–-yet, understood in context, it is an essential element of social work's unique approach.
Multi-UAVs for Bushfire Situational Awareness: a Comparison of Environment Traversal Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are efficient (often Internet-connected) devices with unique capabilities, making them suitable for achieving continuous and real-time Situational Awareness (SA) over disaster areas such as bushfires. Nevertheless, UAVs are resource-constrained with limited processing power and flight time, preventing them from achieving full coverage of the affected area. This research aims at developing a computationally fast approach implementable on resource-constrained UAVs for mission planning and traversing the environment to monitor the fire-affected areas. Thus, this study investigates the performance of optimized Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT*) and modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) for multiple UAVs, facilitating them to efficiently traverse over the affected area and capture information from the spots with over 50% probability of fire existence. The performance of these two algorithms is thoroughly investigated, and a comparative analysis proves the efficiency of GA in satisfying all mission objectives, including short computation time and efficient battery usage.
Laparoscopic Kidney Transplant By Extra Peritoneal Approach: A Model for Safe Transition From Laboratory to the Clinic.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly replacing open surgery due to multiple benefits. The aim of this study is to develop a novel laparoscopic technique by extra peritoneal approach for kidney transplant and establish a model of safe transition from laboratory to the clinic. Methods: The study was established to investigate the feasibility and safety for human laparoscopic kidney transplant. During 4 years period, the experiment was firstly conducted on the cadaver animals, then live animals in different phases and human cadavers before the application has been approved for human kidney transplant. The study patient received the laparoscopic kidney transplant by extra peritoneal approach. The control patient received the contralateral kidney that was transplanted by open surgery. Results: The success was achieved at each step. The patients were hemodynamically stable during surgery. The estimated blood loss was minimal. The kidney graft function is satisfactory with nadir creatinine level at 111mmol/L. The incision size is 10 cm shorter by laparoscopic technique with much less analgesia consumption. There is no surgical complication. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that laparoscopic kidney transplant by extra peritoneal approach is safe and feasible. This technique has retained the advantages of open kidney transplant, which allows the kidney graft located in the extra peritoneal space without violating intra peritoneal organs. The further study will be needed to improve and refine the technique. This study has established a model of safe transition for a novel laparoscopic surgery from the laboratory to the clinic.
A Study of Phrygian Art.–I

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A brief introductory statement of the historical views to which I have been led by a study of the Phrygian monuments will make the following pages clearer, and will enable the reader to criticise the whole with greater advantage. I can hardly hope to have reached the truth in regard to this difficult subject; but it is so closely connected with many disputed points in early Greek history that I have thought it best to carry out my view to its logical conclusions and state the whole in brief and precise terms. This will place the reader on his guard from the beginning, and if it leads him to exercise unsparing criticism, I shall have attained my object. 1. The Phrygians are a European race, who entered Asia Minor across the Hellespont: the unanimous Greek tradition to this effect (which at one time I regarded as probably a reversal of the truth) is confirmed by longer study of the country and the monuments. 2. The Phrygians and the Carians were two very closely kindred tribes, nearly related to some of the Greek races, who established themselves in the countries which bear their name as a conquering and ruling caste amid a more numerous alien population: they were mail clad warriors whose armour gave them great advantage over opponents equipped in the slighter oriental fashion. Greek tradition associated various improvements in the style of armour with the Carians, and a relief published below (fig. 9) shows two Phrygian warriors armed quite in the Carian style.
Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Feijoa is an aromatic fruit and the essential oil from feijoa peel could be a valuable by-product in the juicing industry. An initial comparison of the essential oil extraction methods, steam-distillation and hydro-distillation, was conducted. The volatile compounds in the essential oils from four feijoa cultivars were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS and the aroma active compounds in each essential oil were characterized using SPME-GC-O-MS. Hydro-distillation, with a material to water ratio of 1:4 and an extraction time of 90 min, was the optimized extraction method for feijoa essential oil. The Wiki Tu cultivar produced the highest essential oil yield among the four selected cultivars. A total of 160 compounds were detected, among which 90 compounds were reported for the first time in feijoa essential oils. Terpenes and esters were dominant compounds in feijoa essential oil composition and were also major contributors to feijoa essential oil aroma. Key aroma active compounds in feijoa essential oils were α-terpineol, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, linalool, (E)-geraniol, 2-undecanone, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, and germacrene D. This is the first report on the optimization of the extraction method and the establishment of the aroma profile of feijoa essential oils, with a comparison of four New Zealand grown cultivars.
Case analysis of purple urine-bag syndrome at a long-term care service in a community hospital.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We found that PUBS was more likely associated with the female gender, alkaline urine, constipation, institutionalization, the use of a plastic (PVC) urinary catheter, and certain bacteria such as Provendicia var. spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Concurrent optical absorption and viscosity characterization using pulsed photoacoustic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Photoacoustic imaging allows for spatial detection of strongly absorbing exogenous contrast agents, such as blood. These contrast agents facilitate the detection of cellular and molecular events and can distinguish diseased from normal tissues. This provides an opportunity for image-guided clinical applications such as cancer detection, diagnosis and therapy guidance.[6] Although the photoacoustic method has made great progress in the past decade, there are few achievements that can simultaneous obtaining two parameters to eventually provide comprehensive information for pathological diagnosis. In this report, we will first understand some basic background concept and working principle of photoacoustic. Next, study a few Kwave Toolbox simulations provided by Matlab software. Follow by, a stimulation using single pulse wave to determine alpha coefficient and disc magnitude in an ideal and practical cases. Lastly, an experimental setup of photoacoustic measurement. The amplitude of a photoacoustic signal (Disc Magnitude) is proportional to the optical absorption of the tissues. The contrast of the imaging is determined by different optical absorption of different tissues. From the stimulation, the Disc Magnitude only influence by Peak to Peak values. As for viscoelasticity, we will be studying more on viscosity rather than the elastic characteristics. Through the Equation (16), Alpha Coefficient is proportional to viscosity and can be changed with Peak to Peak and Peak Ratio values. Therefore, Alpha Coefficient should be determined first. Follow by, compute the attenuation losses. The final step will be computing Disc Magnitude and multiplying with attenuation ratio. Detailed calculation and explanations will be cover in the later part of this report.
The Crisis of Migrant Motherhood: Exploring the Cultures of Servitude embedded within North Indian Domestic Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis predominantly seeks to explore the entanglements of class, patriarchy and global capital embedded within North Indian domestic work. The thesis firstly examines how the neoliberal policies of the 1980s and 90s shattered village economies and brought about the mass displacement of tribals and landless farmers, forced to leave the land they have cultivated for generations in pursuit of employment in India’s urban centers. While male migrants often find work in the informal sector and settle in slum communities, female rural migrants constitute the immense population of domestic workers within the confines of urban middle class homes. This thesis explores the histories, past and present, of Indian cultures of servitude that have brought migrant motherhood to a crisis point. The interdisciplinary analyses of the political economy of intimate labor are supplemented by a micro-level analysis of my own positionality within a middle class urban home in Jaipur, Rajasthan to bring an alternative perspective to the multiplicity of dialogues about ethical relationships with domestic workers. This thesis ultimately aims to open lines of inquiry about the inequalities embedded within domestic work in order to bring about a radical re-imagining of one’s own participation in the layers and chains of exploitative labor.
Acceso equitativo a servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado: una oportunidad para el activismo judicial y social a nivel local

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In Colombia about 97% and 87% of the population has access to drinking water and sanitation services, respectively. However, the country stands the challenge of meeting inequality in the provision of these public services, particularly to the underdeveloped-low-income population located in rural and peri-urban areas. There are several factors preventing the implementation of strategies to warrant the access to public services; one of them is the lack of organized and inclusive programs developed within the municipalities. From a study of legal doctrine, I intend to argue that local judges can make use of complex legal orders in judicial cases related to public services to deal with the historical inequities and ensure the rights to access to drinking water and basic sanitation.
EFEKTIVITAS LARUTAN EKSTRAK JERUK NIPIS (Citrus Aurantifolia) SEBAGAI OBAT KUMUR TERHADAP PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK PADA REMAJA USIA 12-15 TAHUN - Studi di SMP Nurul Islami, Mijen, Semarang

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Plaque is formed by colonizing bacteria that adhere on the surface of teeth can be caused dental and oral disease. Using mouthwash can prevent plaque formation quickly and easily. Lime can be used as alternative herbal mouthwash to decrease plaque index because of antibacterial content. The purposed of this study is to determined the effectiveness of lime with concentration of 20%,40% and 60% as mouthwash in the term of plaque index decrease at teens 12-15 years old. Method: This study was an quasi experimental using post test only control group design method which is perform to 12 students who at teens 12-15 years old at Nurul Islami Secondary High School, Mijen-Semarang using until four weeks. The sample were given lime extract with many concentration every weeks. Dental plaque score was measured before and after intervention. The data analyzed with Kruskalâ€“Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Result: Result showed that lime extract with many concentration effective to decrease dental plaque index. Kruskall-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test showed significance value 0,000 (p<0,05), there are significant differences among concentration. Conclusion: It is concluded from this research that the higher level of lime extract concentration increasing flavonoid content. There are significant differences of lime extract with 20%, 40%, 60% concentration as mouthwash in decreasing plaque index. The highest decrease plaque happen in concentration 60%.
Cathodoluminescence studies of carrier concentration dependence for the electron-irradiation effects in p-GaN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electron-irradiation increase of nonequilibrium carrier lifetime was studied as a function of hole concentration in Mg-doped GaN. Temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence (CL) studies yielded activation energies of 344, 326, 237, and 197meV for samples with hole concentrations of 2×1016, 9×1016, 3×1018, and 7×1018cm−3, respectively. The systematic decay of activation energy with carrier concentration was found to be consistent with Mg acceptors, indicating the involvement of the latter levels in irradiation-induced lifetime changes.