jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Online cardiac arrhythmia classification by means of circle maps analysis implemented on an intelligent miniaturized sensor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The intermittent occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias like e.g. atrial fibrillation hampers their diagnosis and hence the treatment. Since persons suffering from atrial fibrillation are known to have a remarkable increased risk of stroke the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is a matter of great importance. Easy and comfortable to use long term ECG recording systems capable of online arrhythmia classification might help to solve this problem. We developed an intelligent, miniaturized, and wireless networking sensor which allows lossless local data recordings up to 4 GB. With its outer dimensions of 20mm per rim and less than 15g of weight including the Lithium-Ion battery our modular designed sensor node is thoroughly capable of up to eight channel recordings with 8 kHz sample rate each and provides sufficient computational power for online digital signal processing. For online arrhythmia classification we will record one ECG channel and 3-axis accelerometer data with 512 Hz each, the later being used for activity classification based artifact identification. We adapted our recently developed circle maps analysis of short term heart rate variation to run on this miniaturized intelligent sensor powered by the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller derivate F1611. With this configuration we started to evaluate the cardiac arrhythmia classification in long term ECG recordings.
Formation of the AlCl molecule through radiative association of Al with Cl

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Detection of the AlCl molecule in IRC+10216 has been reported in the literature. We here report calculations of reaction rate constants for formation of AlCl through radiative association of Al and Cl for a temperature interval of 1000 to 14000 K. Potential energy and permanent/transition dipole moment curves were taken from the literature. Quantum mechanical and semiclassical/classical methods were used to obtain the reaction cross-sections and thermal rate constants, accounting for shape resonances with Breit–Wigner theory. Both the A$^1 \Pi \rightarrow$ X$^1 \Sigma ^+$ transition and the X$^1 \Sigma ^+\rightarrow$ X$^1 \Sigma ^+$ transition have been treated, with results showing that the former dominates for the temperatures considered in this study. Our rate constants are a factor of two to three larger than previously calculated values, where the latter were obtained without considering resonances or the X$^1 \Sigma ^+\rightarrow$ X$^1 \Sigma ^+$ transition. Our new values do however not change the previous conclusion that radiative association can only contribute modestly to the formation of AlCl under the given conditions.
Implementing an innovative public sector program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to understand factors governing the implementation of an innovative public sector program. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal case study is used to document change and tension in the implementation process. Findings – The study suggests that because of the embedded character of public sector innovation, it is likely that, as they are implemented, many innovations run up against restrictions and limitations, precisely because they challenge many systems and processes in the host agency. These conflicts, unless specifically addressed, may cause the original innovation to lose its fundamental character. Research limitations/implications – The case suggests that innovative programs may differ from other types of public sector innovation, such as specific service-delivery initiatives with novel characteristics. Programmatic innovations will be required to produce results according to standard models of managerial accountability which may be difficult to reconcile with innovation. Practical implications – The study draws attention to the need for flexible support systems, such as HR, Finance and IT in the implementation of innovation in the public sector; where a classic “intrapreneur” is involved, leadership teams with complementary styles may also be significant. Originality/value – The study demonstrates the nature of the trade-offs that are involved in the implementation of innovative programs and highlights the implications of the challenging, if not subversive, nature of many types of innovation
Hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease: ELISA and RIBA HCV strip immunoblot assay results.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a study using the current first generation Ortho ELISA, a second generation Ortho ELISA, and the RIBA HCV strip immunoblot assay, all patients who were strongly positive for antihepatitis C virus (HCV) on ELISAs (OD490 > 3) were reactive to RIBA for multiple bands. While all ELISA false positive samples had low or intermediate OD490 values, RIBA confirmed HCV reactivity in 50% of the patients reactive to ELISA with a low suspicion of HCV infection, thus suggesting that RIBA HCV strip immunoblot assay will be most useful for patients who react weakly positive or intermediate to ELISA.
Correction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Of tolbutamide we wrote ‘More than threefold differences in serum levels of drug and effect on blood glucose between a branded and a generic product’. We should not have referred to a generic product, since in the work cited the non-branded product was prepared only for experimental purposes and was not marketed. It remains true, however, that important brand differences have been noted with tolbutamide.
Input—Output—Controlled Nonlinear Equation Solvers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

To upgrade the efficiency and stability of the successive substitution (SS) and Newton-Raphson (NR) schemes, the concept of input-output-controlled solvers (IOCS) is introduced. By employing the formal properties of the constrained version of the SS and NR schemes, the IOCS algorithm can handle indefiniteness of the system Jacobian, can maintain iterate monotonicity, and provide for separate control of load incrementation and iterate excursions, as well as having other features. To illustrate the algorithmic properties, the results for several benchmark examples are presented. These define the associated numerical efficiency and stability of the IOCS.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has been effective in preventing COVID-19 infections and related mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was also recommended by the international society for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, IBD patients were not recruited in prospective randomized clinical vaccine studies. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients, we conducted this systemic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 1, 2019, and September 9, 2021. Studies written in English reported the efficacy, seroconversion (anti–SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) antibody titer beyond the threshold) rate, and adverse events after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients. We extracted the author, date, study design, country, types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, number of IBD patients receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and study outcomes. Published data from the enrolled studies were pooled to determine effect estimates. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021264993). Results: We analyzed findings from 27 454 IBD patients who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The post–SARS-CoV-2 vaccination COVID-19 infection rate was comparable between the IBD patients and non-IBD patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.96–1.71]) and higher in nonvaccinated IBD patients compared with vaccinated IBD patients (OR, 8.63 [95% CI, 5.44–13.37]). The adverse event rate, severe adverse events, and mortality after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were 69%, 3%, and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is effective and tolerated in preventing COVID-19 infections in IBD patients. Over 98% of patients had seroconversion after receiving all doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and the influence of biologics on vaccination was limited. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is recommended for IBD patients.
Needs and Possibilities for Engineering Education: One Industrial/Academic Perspective*

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a personal assessment of the readiness of new B.S. level engineering graduates to practice engineering immediately upon graduation. This assessment when reinforced by significant prior work motivates a systemic analysis of the U.S. Engineering Education System. The analysis is framed to address the implementation potential of ideas for how educators might efficiently teach undergraduate engineers “that engineering is more than differential equations”. The concepts which seem best from this analysis are combinations of aggressive intern opportunities combined with courses (starting in the freshman year) that emphasize the creative engineering process. These activities may be containable in the 4 year program but the analysis also suggests that extension of engineering education to 3 or more years beyond the B.S. would improve the possibility of reaching key educational goals including teaching adequate math and science fundamentals as well as engineering knowledge, process and creativity. Such radical change will be difficult and slow to occur (if at all) in this complex system. Moreover, this system is understandingly resistant to change because of significant perceptions of outstanding achievement. The driving force for change that may be strong enough to overcome these barriers is prospective students’ falling perceptions of engineering education as a preferred option.
The performance of multistage interconnection networks with finite buffers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multistage interconnection networks with crossbar switches are a major component of parallel machines. In this paper we analyze Banyan networks of k by k switches and with finite buffers. The exact solution of the steady state distribution of the first stage is derived in the situation where packets are lost when they encounter a full buffer (Assumption A). The solution is a linear combination of k-1 geometrics. We use this to get an approximation for the steady state distributions in the second stage and beyond. As a side effect, the infinite buffer case is solved, confirming known results. Our results are validated by extensive simulations. An alternate situation of networks where full buffers may block previous switches is also analyzed through an approximation technique (Assumption B).
Hand dimensions as predictive tools in gender determination: a Nigerian study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Forensic anthropology deals with crime investigation, as such; detection and gender determination are key aspects in the medico-legal field. Gender is vital in personal identification; however this is difficult in cases of mass disasters, explosions, and assaults where the body is dismembered or mutilated. The study aims to seek a reliable, quick and easy anthropometric method to confirm the identity of victims using only the hand. Material and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on 384 student volunteers of Delta State University, Abraka. The sample consisted of 192 males and females of Nigerian decent to the second generation, aged between 18-30 years. The hand lengths, breadths and indices as well as the index finger lengths (IFL), ring finger lengths (RFL) and ratios were estimated only on right handed subjects using standard techniques. Results: The mean hand dimensions and indices were statistically longer in males than females (p < 0.05). Similarly mean index and ring finger lengths were significantly longer in males than females (p < 0.05) but not between the right and left hands (p > 0.05). However, there was no significant differences in the index, ring finger ratios between gender and side of the body (p > 0.05). Hand lengths and breadths were the greatest predictors of gender, followed by index and ring finger lengths. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that hand dimensions can be very useful predictive tools in gender determination in medico-legal examination.
Chip-Based Analysis of Protein−Protein Interactions by Fluorescence Detection and On-Chip Immunoprecipitation Combined with μLC−MS/MS Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new chip-based method to identify protein-protein interactions was developed using the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GRF2 and two interacting proteins, Ras and calmodulin, as model proteins. A generic immobilization strategy for FLAG-tagged bait proteins on a protein-repellent streptavidin chip surface was implemented by presentation of an oriented anti-FLAG antibody. A flow cell device, integrating different chip surfaces, was developed, and the interaction of immobilized GRF2 with the two analytes was verified by fluorescence assays. On-chip tryptic digest assays were then performed on the capture surface and analyzed by microLC-MS/MS. The interaction of GRF2 with calmodulin and Ras was demonstrated, and the lower limit of detection was determined. We also implemented an on-chip immunoprecipitation assay to identify GRF2-binding partners from complex protein mixtures. Cells overexpressing FLAG-GRF2 were lysed and then incubated with the anti-FLAG chip. In addition to detecting GRF2, we also identified calmodulin, demonstrating that this technique can successfully identify endogenous levels of proteins, bound to recombinant bait proteins. This chip-based method has the advantage that no subsequent gel separations of protein complexes prior to LC-MS analysis are required and is therefore amenable to miniaturized high-throughput determination of protein-protein interactions.
Biographical Explorations through Creative Work

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We explore our teaching of Biographical Explorations of Teaching and Learning, a Curriculum and Instruction Masters course in the Faculty of Education at Memorial University in which we develop creative and imaginative thinking and learning amongst educators. We invite students into a multi-modal exploration of their lives as teachers and learners via readings, visual art, drama, music, literary writing, and media pieces that explore themes in teaching and learning. Students think critically about how narratives work within personal/professional and societal cultural contexts. They learn about and engage in creative ways of telling a story. In this paper we critically reflect on the affordances and challenges of this approach to arts-informed critical graduate pedagogy.
“Age of traumatic experience as a predictor of distorted body image in patients with eating disorders”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The timing of trauma exposure is a risk factor for the development of psychopathology in adulthood. We aim to assess the presence of adverse life events (ALEs) before age 13 in patients with eating disorders (ED). Specifically, we examined the relationship between exposure to interpersonal trauma before the age of 13 and body image distortion (BID), impulsivity, and perfectionism. We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 79 outpatients with ED were consecutively enrolled. Assessment was performed using the Traumatic Life Event Questionnaire, Contour Drawing Rating Scale, and Eating Disorder Inventory. Linear regression models were used to analyze the predictive role of interpersonal trauma before age 13 on BID perfectionism and impulsivity. Seventy-two patients (91.1%) reported ALEs throughout their lives. Patients with trauma before age 13 (55.6%) overestimated their shape. Patients with ED and bulimic symptoms had significantly higher BID levels. Interpersonal trauma predicted higher levels of impulsivity and perfectionism. Experiencing interpersonal ALEs before age 13 may be a risk factor for the development of BID, impulsivity, and perfectionism in adulthood. Body image can be modified during childhood through interventions focused on identifying stressful relationships.
Predictors of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Chronic Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: a Prospective, Observational, Single-Centre, Non-Randomized Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim . To study the factors that influence the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Material and methods . This single-center prospective observational non-randomized study included 152 patients with chronic IHD. Mean age of patients was 64.4±5.9 years. All patients after CABG were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the early postoperative period: group 1, with POAF (n=43; 28.3%) and group 2, without POAF (n=109; 71.7%). The primary study endpoint was new-onset POAF in the early postoperative (hospital) period after CABG. The secondary study endpoint was in-hospital postoperative complications (non-fatal/fatal acute coronary syndrome (ACS), non-fatal/fatal stroke, major bleeding, death). Results . Patients with POAF had significantly more pronounced structural and functional changes in the heart than patients with preserved sinus rhythm after CABG: larger left ventricular (LV) volume, greater LV myocardial mass, lower LV systolic function parameters and impaired diastolic function, and an enlarged left atrial (LA) cavity. Analysis of in-hospital complications did not show any differences between the groups associated with the development of POAF. The following risk factors for POAF were identified: age older than 65 years (p=0.022), body mass index ≥30.5 kg/m2 (p=0.020), epicardial adipose tissue thickness >10.5 mm (p=0.015), indexed LA volume >33 ml/m2 (p<0.001), LV myocardial mass index >115 g/m2 (p=0.042), left main coronary artery disease >50% (p=0.043), duration of cardiopulmonary bypass during CABG >60 min (p=0.019), blood potassium concentration in the early postoperative period after CABG (on the first day) <3.6 mmol/l (p<0.001), and pericardial effusion volume in the early postoperative period >88 ml (p<0.001). Conclusion . Determining the risk of developing POAF is important and necessary for the closest monitoring of a patient with chronic IHD in the postoperative period.
The Excavation of a Neolithic Oval Barrow at North Marden, West Sussex, 1982.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An extensively plough-damaged oval barrow of the third millennium bc was excavated. The entire mound had been removed by ploughing. No burials were found under the site of the mound but disarticulated human skeletal material was found in the ditches. The main flanking ditches appear to have silted in naturally with evidence of Beaker activity and Romano-British agriculture in the higher levels. Some evidence of deliberate back-filling, including the burial of carved chalk objects, was found in the ditches at the east end. A single Saxon hut was excavated in the north-east corner of the barrow and a rubbish deposit containing Middle Saxon pottery was found in the upper levels of the ditch in the south-west corner of the barrow.
Urban-Rural Relations as a Source of Transfer of Knowledge: Some Examples From Rural Surrounding of Bratislava

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In-migration is generally accepted as a decisive factor of rural social and economic development and potential rural regeneration. Intellectual quality and practical experiences of new arrivals with their theoretical and practical knowledge, and also with their network of interpersonal contacts, influence (or have the potential to influence) the social and economic development trajectories in positive or negative sense. It was supposed and now is observed the diffusion of innovation (mainly in behaviour) is very dynamic. New forms of neo-liberal behaviour of new inhabitants of rural areas are in the distinct contradiction with rural traditional life and contribute not only to the important, but ambivalently perceived structural changes, but also to the conflicts with locally born population. The aim of the paper is contribute to the discussion about developmental potentials of rural areas in the surrounding of Bratislava under positive and negative impact of in-migrants and their knowledge transfer into rural environment. We use the results of newspaper monitoring about “two tier” rural society, together with overview of relevant published studies in geography, economy, and sociology, and additional face-to face interviews with rural inhabitants.
Arteriosclerosis in zero‐time biopsy is a risk factor for tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Calcineurin inhibitors reduce the acute rejection rate and greatly improve renal allograft survival. However, they are associated with some adverse events, including nephrotoxicity, a risk factor for allograft failure. Chronic calcineurin inhibitor‐induced nephrotoxicity causes irreversible damage to renal components, such as arteriolar hyaline thickening. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors for tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity using zero‐time biopsy specimens. Methods Between J anuary 2001 and D ecember 2010, 483 patients who underwent living‐related kidney transplantation and had also been placed on a tacrolimus‐based regimen were enrolled in this study. There were 1859 specimens evaluated comprising 483 zero‐time biopsy specimens and 1376 protocol and for‐cause biopsy specimens. D e novo arteriolar hyaline thickening due to tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity was scored according to the Banff classification aah score. In this study, tacrolimus‐induced nephrotoxicity was defined as a positive aah score. Results Of the 483 patients, 108 patients (22.4%) had biopsy‐proven tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity. Multivariate analysis showed that interlobular arteriosclerosis proven by zero‐time biopsy ( OR : 2.23, 95% CI : 1.38–3.58, P < 0.01) and acute rejection episodes ( OR : 1.58, 95% CI : 1.00–2.47, P = 0.04) were independent risk factors for tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity. However, tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity did not affect long‐term graft survival. Conclusion This is the first report showing that arteriosclerosis in zero‐time biopsy specimens is a risk factor for histological tacrolimus‐induced chronic nephrotoxicity.