jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Responses of caudal medullary raphe neurons to natural vestibular stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Over two thirds of caudal medullary raphespinal neurons respond to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve, and it has been suggested that these neurons may participate in the generation of vestibulospinal and vestibulosympathetic reflexes. The objective of the present study was to determine which vestibular endorgans (semicircular canals or otolith organs) provide inputs to these cells. 2. Experiments were conducted on decerebrate cats that were baroreceptor denervated and vagotomized, and that had a cervical spinal cord transection so that inputs from tilt-sensitive receptors outside of the labyrinth did not influence the units we recorded. 3. In most experiments, vertical vestibular stimulation was used to stimulate the anterior and posterior semicircular canals and the otolith organs. The plane of whole body rotation that produced maximal modulation of a neuron's firing rate (response vector orientation) was measured at one or more frequencies between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz. Neuron dynamics were then studied with sinusoidal (0.02-1 Hz) stimuli aligned with this orientation. Alternatively, in two animals horizontal rotations at 0.5 and 1.0 Hz were employed to stimulate the horizontal semicircular canals. 4. The properties of raphespinal neurons were similar to those of a larger sample of raphe neurons studied that either could not be antidromically activated from the cervical spinal cord or were not tested for a spinal projection. In response to vertical vestibular stimulation, > 85% of caudal medullary raphe neurons had response gains that remained relatively constant across stimulus frequencies, like regularly firing otolith afferents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Limiting distributions and large deviations for random walks in random environments

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This thesis concerns the study of random walks in random environments (RWRE). Since there are two levels of randomness for random walks in random environments, there are two different distributions for the random walk that can be studied. The quenched distribution is the law of the random walk conditioned on a given environment. The annealed distribution is the quenched law averaged over all environments. The main results of the thesis fall into two categories: quenched limiting distributions for one-dimensional, transient RWRE and annealed large deviations for multidimensional RWRE. The analysis of the quenched distributions for transient, one-dimensional RWRE falls into two separate cases. First, when an annealed central limit theorem holds, we prove that a quenched central limit theorem also holds but with a random (depending on the environment) centering. In contrast, when the annealed limit distribution is not Gaussian, we prove that there is no quenched limiting distribution for the RWRE. Moreover, we show that for almost every environment, there exist two random (depending on the environment) sequences of times, along which random walk has different quenched limiting distributions. While an annealed large deviation principle for multidimensional RWRE was known previously, very little qualitative information was available about the annealed large deviation rate function. We prove that if the law on environments is non-nestling, then the annealed large deviation rate function is analytic in a neighborhood of its unique zero (which is the limiting velocity of the RWRE).
Analyzing scientific collaboration with “giants” based on the milestones of career

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper explores how the patterns of collaboration change throughout a scientist's career, especially their collaboration with so‐called “giants”—well‐known elite scholars with very high scientific impact. We divide scientist's careers into five stages based on the number of years since obtaining their PhD, and for each stage, we calculate a number of indicators, such as publication count, normalized citation count, count of collaborations, count of collaborations with “giants,” and percentage of uninterrupted and continuous presence. Our analysis shows that although collaborating with “giants” may benefit a young scholar, they are more likely to achieve greater scientific success if they first work independently and only collaborate with “giants” later in their career. Meanwhile, high‐impact authors tend to work with “giants” early in their career, but not in the later stages, which forces us to reconsider the established notions of when is best to collaborate with elite scholars. Moreover, we find that high‐impact authors tend to have fewer co‐authors per article, regardless of the stage of their careers, indicating that collaboration is important, but the size of collaborations also matters.
Studies in the nitrogen metabolism of the apple fruit. Changes in the nitrogen metabolism of the apple during the normal and ethylene-induced climacteric rise in rate of respiration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1948 Studies in the nitrogen metabolism of the apple fruit. Changes in the nitrogen metabolism of the apple during the normal and ethylene-induced climacteric rise in rate of respiration A. C. Hulme A. C. Hulme 1Ditton Laboratory, East Malling, Kent Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1948) 43 (3): 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430343 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. C. Hulme; Studies in the nitrogen metabolism of the apple fruit. Changes in the nitrogen metabolism of the apple during the normal and ethylene-induced climacteric rise in rate of respiration. Biochem J 1 January 1948; 43 (3): 343–349. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430343 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1948 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1948 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Optimized protocol for induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes 1A2 and 3A4 in human primary-like hepatocyte cell strain HepaFH3 to study in vitro toxicology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We succeeded in optimizing the induction protocol for HepaFH3 to such an extent that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are expressed in sufficient amounts that the cell strain can be used as a physiological relevant human liver model for in vitro toxicology studies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Ethyl 2,3- Dihydro-3-oxoisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine- 2-alkanoate Derivatives as Potential Herbicides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Several ethyl 2,3-dihydro-3-oxoisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-2-alkanoate derivatives were synthesized as herbicides. Only 5-methyl derivatives inhibited both hypocotyl and root growth in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedling test at 100 mg litre-1. Only ethyl propionate and valerate derivatives showed significant inhibition at 0·1 mg litre-1, whereas ethyl acetate or butyrate derivatives were inactive. Contrary to unoxidized derivatives, the inhibitory effect of 1-oxide and 1,1-dioxide derivatives was strongly dependent on concentration; ethyl 2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxoisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-2-propionate 1,1-dioxide inhibited 100% of germination at 100 mg litre-1 and 45% of lettuce seedling growth at 0·1 mg litre-1. Quantitative structure–inhibition of growth relationship analysis carried out by adaptive least-squares (ALS) method gave a good correlation with small and hydrophobic 5-substituents as well as with odd carbon-chain ethyl alkanoates in position 2. Active compounds did not show auxin-like activity from 0·1 to 100 mg litre-1. © 1997 SCI.
A Survey on Virtual Reality for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Design Considerations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, state of the art on virtual reality (VR) for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a focus on training/targeted intervention is discussed and reflected upon to explore areas for more future benefits. We present advantages of VR for individuals with ASD. We identify challenges and design issues for future training applications regarding individuals with ASD. We discuss and present design guidelines accumulated in the literature so far, mostly based on observations in user studies exploring the usefulness of VR as a training tool for individuals with ASD, with a systematic literature review. We present and apply a new taxonomy that classifies previous VR works on training individuals with ASD according to immersive and regular (non-immersive) VR systems and types of social, life and safety skills based on a systematic literature review. We explore the common design considerations of the previous VR studies for training individuals with ASD. Finally, based on the systematic literature reviews, we identify key gaps in the research on this topic and present future research considerations.
Demographic challenges in regional development: A study of regional political leadership in Sweden and Finland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urbanization has fostered territorial polarization in many countries with the shift from an industrial to an increasingly knowledge-based economy. This shift benefits urban regions by spurring economic development, while many rural regions experience population decline, shrinking tax bases, and economic stagnation. While demographic development is a major factor in regional development, it is unclear how it affects regional political leadership. This article examines how demographic factors affect politicians’ influence on regional development in Sweden and Finland based on survey data of regional council representatives from both countries (n = 930). The findings indicate that strong population growth does not have a strong influence on regional development in these countries, implying that regional political leadership is not limited to dynamic urban regions with great development prospects, as leadership is also present in rural regions. Moreover, political variables are more important for politicians’ influence than demographic factors.
Suicide reporting of LGBTQI+ population in India: An analysis of online media reports of the past decade

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Imbalanced portrayal of suicide by the media can have adverse public health consequences. We aimed to evaluate the psychosocial context, as well as the quality of media reporting, of suicide among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender people, queer and intersex (LGBTQI+) population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate online news reports discussing the suicide of LGBTQI+ persons published between January 2011 and January 2021. Psychosocial factors associated with suicide were extracted from the reports. Quality of suicide reporting was checked against international as well as locally relevant reporting guidelines. Results A total of 135 suicide reports from five newspapers were analyzed. Multiple psychosocial stressors were reported in 54.5% of the suicides. Social stigma was the most common factor associated with LGBTQI+ suicide. Several breaches of reporting were noted in relation to mentioning the identity (55.6%) and method of suicide (54.3%) in the title of report and inclusion of the deceased’s photograph (20.4%). Potentially helpful reporting characteristics, such as including educational information (2.2%), mentioning warning signs (12.6%) and suicide support service details (3.7%), were rarely practiced. Local language news articles displayed more frequent and serious violations compared to English news reports. Conclusion Indian media reporting of suicide among LGBTQI+ persons is poorly adherent to reporting guidelines.
Water acceleration in a supraglacial channel predicts locations of step-pool sequence formation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Supraglacial channels constitute an important part of the glacial hydrological system, both by influencing surface energy exchange as well as routing meltwater to eventually feed en- and subglacial drainage systems. Subglacial systems have received considerable scientific interest, but specific studies of supraglacial channels are sparse. This limited scientific understanding represents a missing link between meltwater generation and en/subglacial hydraulics; among others it poses a problem for constraining and validating glacier hydrological models. In this study, we utilize drifters carrying a navigation system to obtain the spatial and temporal evolution of the water velocity along a supraglacial channel on Austre Brøggerbreen (Svalbard). This velocity is then used to compute melt rates of the channel walls and to estimate the discharge in the channel. We further present, to our knowledge, the first dataset of the spatio-temporal evolution of the water acceleration in the channel. The highest accelerations occur at the location of step-pool sequences and peaks in the acceleration signal can already be seen before the step-pool sequences have developed in the channel. We therefore conclude that water acceleration can be used to predict where step-pool sequences will form.
Implementation of a real-time multiple input multiple output channel estimator on the smart antenna software radio test system platform using the Xilinx Virtex 2 Pro Field Programmable Gate Array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the concept, architecture, development and demonstration of a real time, channel estimator system on a Xilinx Virtex 2 Pro field programmable gate array for a 4-transmit 4-receiver multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) wireless test platform. It is designed and developed for research into receiver diversity and MIMO wireless systems. Hardware, firmware, use of the Xilinx Core Generator Intellectual Property modules and experimental verification of the channel estimator are discussed
Investigating Suspected Stroke with CT Angiography in the Emergency Department: Are we overdoing it? - Preliminary Audit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: 2018 ASM / R-0075 / Investigating Suspected Stroke with CT Angiography in the Emergency Department: Are we overdoing it? - Preliminary Audit by: S. R. Teh, C. Zhou, P. James, J. Evans, W. O'Brien, J. Hanson, C. Trethewy; NSW/AU
Democracy, Stability, and Dichotomies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An early debate in the empirical study of political democracy concerned the measurement of democracy. Initial work employed dichotomous indicators and incorporated stability into political democracy measures. Evidence accumulated showing that this approach could adversely affect analyses, particularly in the study of income inequality. Despite this, some recent studies have renewed the flawed practices. We draw upon recent work to highlight the confusion that can result when democracy and stability are confounded and the problems with dichotomous indicators. We propose that stability is analytically distinct from political democracy and should be treated as such empirically, and we suggest ways to estimate incremental effects of political democracy. We further argue that political democracy is continuous and that measures of it should reflect this. It is important that the measurement history of this construct not repeat itself.
Manipulating state variables in a fuzzy controller

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tuning a TSK fuzzy control system involves the process of defining a set of polynomial coefficients and then finding appropriate values for those coefficients that provide for an adequate response to a set of global inputs and initial states that the control system may experience. This process of searching for the optimum set of coefficients, or gains, can prove to be a difficult process. A method that can be utilized to simplify this process involves manipulating the state variables of the polynomial equations, as well as the coefficients. Certain non-linearities, found in most every control system, lend themselves to this type of compensation. Amplifier saturation, in a motor control application, is used as an example to show the implementation of this method. The resulting control system is shown to be equivalent to a traditional TSK solution, but with a simplified tuning process.
Traffic Engineering for Metro Ethernet Based on Multiple Spanning Trees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The significant advancement of Ethernet technology is pushing Ethernet from the local area network environment to metropolitan and wide area network environments. This paper presents a new traffic engineering scheme based on multiple spanning trees using a simple admission control algorithm. It is capable of making better use of network links bandwidth, balancing network traffic and maintaining admission fairness, priority and network efficiency together, resulting in the most amount of Ethernet virtual connections (EVC) accessible to network. Main application for this traffic engineering scheme is traffic distribution in optical cores or backbones of Metro Ethernet.
Revisiting Veerman’s interpolation method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article describes an investigation of Veerman’s interpolation method and its applicability for determining sheet metal formability. The theoretical foundation is established and its mathematical assumptions are clarified. An exact Lagrangian interpolation scheme is also established for comparison. Bulge testing and tensile testing of aluminium sheets containing electro-chemically etched circle grids are performed to experimentally determine the forming limit of the sheet material. The forming limit is determined using (a) Veerman’s interpolation method, (b) exact Lagrangian interpolation and (c) FE-simulations. A comparison of the determined forming limits yields insignificant differences in the limit strain obtained with Veerman’s method or exact Lagrangian interpolation for the two sheet metal forming processes investigated. The agreement with the FE-simulations is reasonable.
Foundations of Virtual Reality Technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores the foundations of Virtual Reality (VR) technology and its significant implications and applications in the automotive industry. The objective is to examine how VR is reshaping automotive design, manufacturing, and customer engagement, while identifying the opportunities and challenges it presents. A multi-method approach is used, combining a literature review, case study analysis, and expert interviews to assess the current state of VR in the automotive sector. Key findings reveal that VR enhances the design process, optimizes manufacturing practices, and improves customer experience through virtual showrooms and test drives. However, challenges such as high implementation costs and the need for standardized VR platforms persist. The chapter concludes that VR is a transformative technology with the potential to drive future innovations, yet its widespread adoption depends on overcoming technical and economic barriers. Further research is needed to explore the integration of VR with emerging technologies such as AI and AR in automotive applications.
Conformation of Individual Residues and Chain Segments of Glycosaminoglycans in Solution by Spectroscopic Methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A variety of spectroscopic methods are being used for characterizing the conformation and interactions of glycosaminoglycans in solution. These methods are based on the electronic (UV-VIS), vibrational (IR-Raman) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra.
Development and application of a novel recombinant Aleuria aurantia lectin with enhanced core fucose binding for identification of glycoprotein biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) derived from orange peel fungus contains five fucose‐binding sites that recognizes fucose bound in α‐1,2, α‐1,3, α‐1,4, and α‐1,6 linkages to N ‐acetylglucosamine and galactose. Recently, we have created several recombinant AAL (rAAL) proteins that had altered binding affinity to fucose linkages. In this report, we further characterize the binding specificity of one of the mutated lectins, N224Q lectin. This lectin was characterized by lectin Western blotting, surface plasmon resonance, and glycan microarray and shown to have increased binding to fucosylated glycan. Subsequently, we used this lectin to identify secreted fucosylated glycoproteins from a fetal hepatic cell line. Proteomic analysis revealed several glycoproteins secreted by the fetal cell line that were bound by N224Q lectin. These findings were confirmed by subsequent proteomic analysis of human serum from control patients or patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. These represent candidate oncofetal markers for liver cancer.
Do Markets Reward Green Investing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This master essay provides an elaborate study of the relationship between the environmental and the financial performance of corporations with focus on the European market. It aims to identify the nature and significance of this relationship, using a sample that is taken from different business sectors across 17 European countries over the seven-year period from January 2010 to December 2016. The analysis is based on a database of four environmental indicators-criteria chosen to rank and distinguish the 171 studied firms according to their environmental performance, combined with a data-set of financial stock returns and accounting data. Two types of econometric analyses are performed in this study, each addressing the same relationship of interest, but in a different manner: a two-step cross sectional analysis of the individual monthly stock returns, where environmental performance is reflected in explanatory variables for stock returns, and a portfolio analysis where portfolios with constituents of different environmental performance are constructed and compared. The results from the first analysis suggest that there is a positive influence of the environmental performance of the industry within which European enterprises operate on their financial performance, while the results extracted from the second analysis show significant positive performance only for portfolios constructed based on the environmental performance of firms, regardless industry.
Greek rulers and imperial powers in Western Anatolia (8th–6th centuries BC1)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article explores the cultural and political interaction between the Anatolian kingdoms and the elites of the Greek poleis on the Anatolian coast, with special attention to Archaic Ephesos for which relatively good evidence for the relations with Lydia is available. It demonstrates how the neighbouring hegemonic monarchies provided imitable examples for the Greek elite leaders and offered real opportunities for claiming, legitimating and entrenching their power. This shows, on the one hand, how the elites on the fringes of an empire could profit from imperial power, how the mild influence of an empire shaped the internal order of the communities in its sphere of influence by promoting the position of the local leaders. On the other hand, this sheds light on the strategies used by empires for attaining control of strategically important points on their outskirts.