jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Limitation of the single-phase grounding current

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Various devices of arc suppression reactors that reduce current-phase earth fault were considered. The device was designed for single-phase short-circuit current limit, which provides a minimal set this short-circuit current. Schemes of model of the device with different filters were given. These models have shown the superiority of neutral grounding through the controlled current source as compared with the neutral grounding through the arc suppression coil: decreased steady-state short-circuit current due to the increased quality factor of the strength member; increased speed of the device (from the current source with a high pass filter). In addition, the control unit of the device has a lower weight and less noise than the control unit of arc suppression coils.
Our Vision for JGR: Machine Learning and Computation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This editorial introduces the inaugural issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation to the scientific community, elucidating the motivations and vision behind its establishment. The landscape of computational tools for geoscientists has undergone a rapid transformation in the last decade, akin to a new scientific revolution challenging the traditional scientific method. The paradigm shift emphasizes the integration of data‐driven methods and the possibility of predicting and/or reproducing the evolution of natural phenomena with computers as the fourth pillar of scientific discovery, sparking debates on trustworthiness, and ethical implications. The data science revolution is fueled by the convergence of advancements, including the big‐data revolution, GPU market expansion, and significant investments in Artificial Intelligence and high performance computing by both institutional and private players. This transformation has given rise to a trans‐disciplinary community that has investigated a wide range of questions under the lens of machine learning (ML) approaches and has generally advanced the field of computational methods within the broader geosciences community, the core of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) membership. Responding to an unmet demand in the existing worldwide editorial offer, the Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation aims to serve as an intellectual crucible, fostering collaborations across multiple geophysical disciplines and data scientists. The journal welcomes papers with strong methodological developments that allow for geoscience advancements grounded in specific computational and data‐driven methods, leveraging ML as well as innovative computational strategies, and leading to breakthrough discoveries and original scientific outcomes. Authors are encouraged to balance succinctness in introducing methods with a thorough exploration of the novelty of the work proposed and its future applications placing special emphasis on the connection between the data science approach and the scientific outcome, considering a broad readership. Emphasis on result reproducibility aligns with AGU guidance, inviting active participation from the community in shaping geophysical research in the era of machine learning and computation.
Effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid on the sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines to imatinib

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

New therapeutic approaches are mandatory for anaplastic thyroid cancer. We investigated the ability of a new combined treatment using valproic acid (VPA), the only clinically available histone deacetylase inhibitor, and the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate to control the cell growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. We showed that treatment with imatinib alone is unable to affect the cell growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells, whereas in ARO cells, the combined treatment resulted in a cytostatic effect, with clinically achievable doses of imatinib and VPA. The effect is mediated by G1 growth arrest, acting through p21 expression and the impairment of AKT phosphorylation.
Tower Cab Metrics

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This report is part of a continuing effort to develop human factors measures for different operational environments in the Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Control (ATC) system. Previous research at the William J. Hughes Technical Center Research Development and Human Factors Laboratory has focused on measures for the Terminal Radar Approach Control and en route radar environments (e.g., Sollenberger, Stein, & Gromelski, 1997; Vardaman & Stein, 1998). This work focuses on human factors measures for the local and ground controller positions in the Tower Cab environment. We reviewed a number of existing sources of measures that have been used in different ATC environments. The result is a proposed battery of objective and subjective candidate measures for the Tower Cab. In addition, we present an initial effort to develop behavioral rating scales for use by subject matter experts to evaluate performance in the Tower Cab environment. As a whole, these measures provide a broad look at performance for researchers to apply in a simulation environment. This allows for conducting experiments to obtain both baseline and comparison measures for assessing the effects of any proposed changes in technology, automation, or procedures. We must conduct more research to assess the validity and reliability of the proposed measures in the Tower Cab environment through continued usage in simulations. Future research should also develop metrics for the remaining positions in the Tower Cab.
Rock, Papyrus, Scissors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article problematizes the use of different disciplines in the interpretation of the so-called “Biblical World.” Arguing that a first step towards the critical biblical interpretation is the decision of a framework on which sources and related disciplines work, it presents different methodological frameworks for the juxtaposition, intersection, transcendence, or avoidance of disciplines to favor the critical biblical interpretation. Ultimately, the article presents a taxonomy of historical sources to tentatively propose an antidisciplinary framework to fuel innovation by focusing the research object.
High-precision Stellar Limb-darkening in Exoplanetary Transits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Characterization of the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets relies on accurate measurements of the extent of the optically thick area of the planet at multiple wavelengths with a precision parts per million (ppm). Next-generation instruments onboard the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ) are expected to achieve ∼10 ppm precision for several tens of targets. A similar precision can be obtained in modeling only if other astrophysical effects, including the stellar limb-darkening, are properly accounted for. In this paper, we explore the limits on precision due to the mathematical formulas currently adopted to approximate the stellar limb-darkening, and due to the use of limb-darkening coefficients obtained either from stellar-atmosphere models or empirically. We recommend the use of a two-coefficient limb-darkening law, named “power-2,” which outperforms other two-coefficient laws adopted in the exoplanet literature in most cases, and particularly for cool stars. Empirical limb-darkening based on two-coefficient formulas can be significantly biased, even if the light-curve residuals are nearly photon-noise limited. We demonstrate an optimal strategy to fitting for the four-coefficient limb-darkening in the visible, using prior information on the exoplanet orbital parameters to break some of the degeneracies that otherwise would prevent the convergence of the fit. Infrared observations taken with the JWST will provide accurate measurements of the exoplanet orbital parameters with unprecedented precision, which can be used as priors to improve the stellar limb-darkening characterization, and therefore the inferred exoplanet parameters, from observations in the visible, such as those taken with Kepler /K2, the JWST , and other past and future instruments.
Assessment of Effect of Various Modes of Premedication on Acid Aspiration Risk Factors in Outpatient Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stress and emotional upset increase gastric acid production and gastric volume (1,2). The presurgical period is stressful for most patients, and this may increase gastric fluid and acid production. Analyses of gastric contents after induction of anesthesia in nonobese adult outpatients undergoing elective surgery have demonstrated a significant proportion of patients to be at potential risk of acid aspiration syndrome (3,4). The effects of various types and modes of premedication (meperidine, diazepam, orally, intravenously, intramuscularly) on gastric acidity and volume are controversial (5–12). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not various premedication regimens influence the risk of aspiration in outpatients undergoing elective surgery.
Printed in U.S.A. PERFORMANCE BENEFITS FOR WAVE ROTOR-TOPPED GAS TURBINE ENGINES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Society shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced In papers or discussion at meetings of the Society or of its Divisions or Sections, or printed in its publications. Discussion Is printed only if the paper Is published in an ASME Journal. Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under circumstance not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASME to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service provided that the base tee of
Role of PKA in the Timing of Developmental Events in Dictyostelium Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, PKA, is dispensable for growth of Dictyostelium cells but plays a variety of crucial roles in development. The catalytic subunit of PKA is inhibited when associated with its regulatory subunit but is activated when cAMP binds to the regulatory subunit. Deletion of pkaR or overexpression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit, pkaC, results in constitutive activity. Development is independent of cAMP in strains carrying these genetic alterations and proceeds rapidly to the formation of both spores and stalk cells. However, morphogenesis is aberrant in these mutants. In the wild type, PKA activity functions in a circuit that can spontaneously generate pulses of cAMP necessary for long-range aggregation. It is also essential for transcriptional activation of both prespore and prestalk genes during the slug stage. During culmination, PKA functions in both prespore and prestalk cells to regulate the relative timing of terminal differentiation. A positive feedback loop results in the rapid release of a signal peptide, SDF-2, when prestalk cells are exposed to low levels of SDF-2. The signal transduction pathway that mediates the response to SDF-2 in both prestalk and prespore cells involves the two-component system of DhkA and RegA. When the cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA is inhibited, cAMP accumulates and activates PKA, leading to vacuolation of stalk cells and encapsulation of spores. These studies indicate that multiple inputs regulate PKA activity to control the relative timing of differentiations in Dictyostelium.
Abstract 746: The Effect of Aging-related Metabolic Disorder on Resistin Expression and Valvular Heart Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease and the third most frequent cardiovascular disease after coronary artery disease and hypertension. AS is characterized by a period of asymptomatic progressive valve calcification, which eventually leads to the development of a severe stenosis and to the onset of symptoms. Visceral obesity is a strong predictor of type-2 diabetes and is associated with insulin resistance. In addition, increased visceral adiposity leads to an increase in systemic release in resistin (Retn) and possibly interleukins. Elevation of circulating adipokines such as Retn plays a role in the development of muscle insulin resistance. Moreover, higher Retn levels were associated with increased valvular inflammation and calcification in the elderly patients, whereas this association was not observed among middle-aged patients. In the current study, we explored the potential role of Retn in ectopic valvular calcification. Analyses of scanning electron microscopy micrographs of calcified aortic valve showed that Retn is more abundant next to calcified nodes. These data corroborate with increased levels of circulating Retn in apoE mice that were fed a high fat high sucrose diet for 24 weeks. Moreover, apoE-/-Retn-/- double KO mutant mice have lower plasma cholesterol level compared to apoE KO mice. In addition, knocking down Retn decreased valve lipid infiltration, lowered glycaemia, calcium nodes and reduced fibrosis. In conclusion, Retn may be a new pharmacological target to stop the progression of aortic stenosis in patients with visceral obesity.
Wilde and his experience in prison: The interrelationship between syntax and metre in The Ballad of Reading Gaol.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the present article I carry out an analysis of the interrelationship of the syntactic and metrical structures in The Ballad of Reading Gaol. The purpose of this paper is to study how Wilde’s personal experience in prison had an influence on the form of the poem, which differs from a traditional ballad in that it reflects the individual’s subjective point of view. Many critics (Funke 1972; Ellmann 1987; Price 1997; Goodman 1997) have analysed how Wilde’s sufferings are reflected on the content of the poem; nevertheless, none of them have focused on the formal structure of it. I propose that the study of the interrelationship of syntax and metre in Wilde’s ballad is complementary to these studies. In order to find evidence to support my view I have analysed the syntactic and metrical units of The Ballad of Reading Gaol from a linguistic perspective, following the proposals of Leech (1974) and Levin (1977) and incorporating Halliday’s theories (1994) into my analysis.
Alcohol, Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health: Resources for U.S. Veterans

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A unique need for a special population led to including alcohol and substance use and mental health resources on Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center’s Veterans LibGuide. Veterans in the United States have above average rates of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other mental illnesses. Alcohol and substance use can be a way of coping with mental illnesses and other issues in life. Making information easy to find may result in addressing more health concerns, not only for the veteran themselves, but also for their family. The TTUHSC LibGuide provides easy access to credible public health resources.
Synthesis of N‐[11C]‐methyl‐L‐DOPA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The radiochemical synthesis of N‐[ 11 C‐methyl]‐L‐DOPA was accomplished by N‐methylation of the methyl and ethyl esters of L‐N‐tert‐butyl‐oxycarbonyl‐[β‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)] alaninate with [ 11 C]iodomethane using sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran and deprotection of the N‐methyl intermediate with hydriodic acid. A catalytic influence of Kryptofix on the methylation reaction was observed. Using the ethyl ester precursor, the average specific activity at the end‐of‐synthesis was 972 mCi/μmole. The synthesis was completed in an average of 45 minutes following the end‐of‐bombardment.
A novel assay for drug-DNA binding mode, affinity, and exclusion number: scanning force microscopy.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Determining the mode-of-binding of a DNA ligand is not always straightforward. Here, we establish a scanning force microscopic assay for mode-of-binding that is (i) direct: lengths of individual DNA-ligand complexes are directly measured; (ii) rapid: there are no requirements for staining or elaborate sample preparation; and (iii) unambiguous: an observed increase in DNA length upon addition of a ligand is definitive evidence for an intercalative mode-of-binding. Mode-of-binding, binding affinity, and site-exclusion number are readily determined from scanning force microscopy measurements of the changes in length of individual drug-DNA complexes as a function of drug concentration. With this assay, we resolve the ambiguity surrounding the mode of binding of 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl) furan (APF) to DNA and show that it binds to DNA by nonintercalative modes. APF is a member of an important class of aromatic dicationic drugs that show significant activity in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, an opportunistic infection that is the leading cause of death in AIDS patients.
Vector hysteresis model for unoriented magnetic materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Presented in this paper is a vector hysteresis model for unoriented magnetic materials expanded from the magnetization-dependent Preisach model. Namely, the Preisach elements have rotational capabilities and they memorize their directions, and the Preisach plane is divided into reversible, irreversible regions and the regions maintaining their previous states. By integrating the Preisach plane vectorially for the magnitude-varying rotating field, the hysteresis phenomena such as the directions and magnitude of the magnetization and the hysteresis losses can be calculated.< >
Frequency Properties of the Rainflow Filter—Some Examples in Oceanography

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The rainflow filter is a nonlinear filter which can be used to eliminate small-amplitude oscillations in a signal. An advantage of the rainflow filter, well known in applications to fatigue, is that a considerable reduction of data is made, while the calculated total damage is not affected. An approximation of the filter in the form of a transfer function can be obtained from spectral simulations. To validate the so derived filter, the capability of filtering out small cycles is examined. Further, we pay attention to calculation of distributions for characteristic wave parameters. These methods need as input a spectral density, where high frequencies often are cut off. Numerical examples indicate that the rainflow filter is advantageous to use when filtering records of sea-elevation.
Development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations with improved biomass through chemical mutagenesis for moisture stress tolerance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is member of Poaceae family and its productivity progressively declining due to increased drought stress, a phenomenon intensified by the ongoing effects of climate change. Mutation breeding emerges as a promising strategy for improving stress tolerance in crops. It enables the development of beneficial traits without altering the entire genetic makeup of the plant. This study aimed to develop a chemically mutagenized population of two high-yielding winter wheat cultivars, HD-3226 and HI-1620, to identify drought-tolerant lines through induced phenotypic variation. Methods Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA) are commonly used chemical mutagens known for their efficiency in inducing random point mutations. Mature seeds were treated with varying concentrations of EMS (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%) and sodium azide (SA; 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08%) during the 2020–2021 rabi season under water stress conditions at SVPUA&T, Meerut, India. M1 plants were initially screened using a 15% PEG solution, and promising lines were further evaluated in the M2 generation under drought (three irrigations) and control (five irrigations) conditions in the field. Results The M2 population exhibited diverse morphological mutations, particularly in plant height, tiller number, and spike traits. While EMS generally reduced plant height, SA, especially at 0.04%, increased it, most notably in HD-3226. Under stress, SA treatments sustained better tiller production and biological yield, with EMS 0.25% showing optimal performance in HI-1620, indicating genotype-specific mutagen sensitivity. Flag leaf length and area, crucial for photosynthetic efficiency, were better maintained under SA treatments, particularly at 0.02% and 0.04%. Although drought reduced spike traits and grain yield, some M2 lines recovered these characteristics, with SA 0.02% showing the most stable effects. Additionally, phenological delays were more pronounced in HI-1620, whereas HD-3226 showed later maturity under stress. Conclusions Higher doses of EMS negatively impacted yield components, while lower SA concentrations mitigated drought-related losses. Overall, SA at lower concentrations proved more effective than EMS in enhancing drought resilience and agronomic performance. The generated mutant lines offer valuable genetic variability for breeding drought-tolerant wheat suited for water-limited environments. This approach not only facilitates functional genomic studies but also enhances genetic diversity, offering a valuable supplement to traditional breeding techniques.
Activation of coagulation factor VII during alimentary lipemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dietary studies have established a connection between plasma lipoproteins and coagulation factor VII. The present study was undertaken to specifically examine whether factor VII is activated during alimentary lipemia and to investigate the relations of factor VII mass and activity state with fasting and postprandial lipoproteins and free fatty acids (FFAs). Factor VII levels were therefore determined in plasma samples taken before and after intake of a standardized, oral fat load of a mixed-meal type in 33 men (mean age +/- SD, 48.8 +/- 3.2 years) with a previous myocardial infarction at a young age and 10 healthy, age-matched control subjects. A panel of methods for factor VII determination was used to ensure that changes in all potentially existing forms of the factor during alimentary lipemia would be included. Substantial activation of factor VII was found to occur during alimentary lipemia, whereas the number of factor VII molecules remained constant or even appeared to decrease after the test meal. Activation of factor VII was more pronounced in control subjects than patients, and the proportion of activated factor VII molecules was higher in control subjects. Interestingly, factor VII activation, which correlated quantitatively with the degree of postprandial triglyceridemia, seemed to be related to FFA production during lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that were generated in response to fat intake. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was lower in patients, which could offer one explanation why factor VII activity was lower during alimentary lipemia in these subjects despite their exaggerated postprandial triglyceridemia. Thus, activation of coagulation factor VII during alimentary lipemia may result in a procoagulant state that is likely to promote the formation of a coronary thrombus in individuals with established coronary artery disease.