jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modulation of synapse RC1–R15 of Aplysia californica by fiber(s) of the right connective

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A synapse or a synaptic cluster, here called synapse RC1–R15, can be activated by threshold stimulation of the right visceropleural connective (RC) of Aplysia californica. The activity of this synapse is recorded in cell R15 of the abdominal ganglion. Repeated threshold stimulation of this synapse at 1–2 Hz generally produces a reduction of the RC1–R15 EPSPs (synaptic depression), followed by an increase to a sustained plateau (frequency facilitation). When the rate of stimulation is reduced, a rapid increase of EPSP size (posttetanic potentiation) is seen followed by an exponential decay. In this paper, we show that suprathreshold stimulation of RC accelerates this decay. It does not modify the synaptic depression and the frequency facilitation phenomena, nor does it affect the membrane resistance and potential of cell R15. In some preparation, subthreshold stimulation of RC also reduces the PTP generated by a preceeding rapid stimulation of synapse RC1–R15. High frequency (5 Hz) subthreshold stimulation of RC also reduces the synaptic depression of synapse RC1–R15. However, the subthreshold stimulation has no effect on frequency facilitation of RC1–R15. The effect of subthreshold stimulation on PTP is often correlated with the recording of a very small EPSP (sEPSP) in cell R15. This sEPSP is barely detected at the beginning of the subthreshold train of stimuli but increases with repeated stimulation. The effects obtained with subthreshold and suprathreshold stimulation of the RC are abolished in sea water with a high concentration of Ca 2+ and of Mg 2+ . Both types of effects are attributed to the activation of fibers in the RC (called modulating fibers) which by the intermediary of one or several postulated interneurons modulate presynaptically the transmission of synapse RC1–R15.
Clinical Features of Muscle Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical assessment is the foundation of diagnosis of both inherited and acquired neuromuscular disorders. A detailed clinical history is essential for assessing the presentation and progression of symptoms, as well as careful discussion of the family history. The physical examination of the patient has to include not only detailed assessment of the muscle weakness but also involvement of other organs and tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, heart, joints, and skin. This chapter summarizes the approach to clinical assessment, the correlation with ancillary studies, and the increasing role of imaging techniques, in particular magnetic resonance of both muscle and brain. The spectrum of severity of both adult and childhood disorders is variable and there is considerable overlap between them, with more than one phenotype being associated with defects in a particular gene, and one phenotype being associated with defects in several genes. Careful correlation with all ancillary data is needed, and knowledge of the information, and limitations, that can be obtained from the tests. Muscle biopsy is often helpful in directing diagnosis but in some disorders it is noncontributory and reliable molecular techniques following careful clinical assessment can obviate the need for it.
Clinical Outcomes of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Women with Coronary Artery Disease—Differences in Comparison with Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in women with coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison to men. Methods: Patients after acute coronary syndrome or after revascularization procedures (106 women, 180 men) were consecutively admitted to a comprehensive outpatient CR program, comprising of 45-min ergometer interval training three times a week for eight weeks. The training intensity was determined on the basis of training heart rate, calculated following an exercise test. Patients were divided into subgroups according to age (≤55, >55 years), BMI (<25, ≥25 kg/m2), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; ≤40%, 41–49%, ≥50%), and number of affected coronary vessels. Results: After eight weeks, exercise capacity increased significantly by 0.6 ± 0.77 MET (women) and by 1.0 ± 0.74 MET (men). The greatest benefit was observed in men, women under 55 years, women with LVEF 41–49%, and women with single-vessel CAD. An outpatient CR program appears less beneficial for women, especially those over 55 years, with two or three coronary vessels affected with atherosclerosis or with LVEF > 50%. In women with CAD, eight weeks of 45-min interval training, with sessions three times a week, is insufficient to improve exercise capacity to an extent that is considered a predictor of mortality risk reduction.
Autophagy of Glycogen Granules is a Non-Selective Process in Nitrogen Starved <em>Komagataella phaffii</em>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autophagy was initially recognized as a bulk degradation process that randomly sequesters and degrades cytoplasmic material in lysosomes (vacuoles in yeast). In recent years, various selective autophagy pathways have been discovered. Glycophagy, the selective autophagy of glycogen granules, is one of them. It is an important contributor to Pompe disease, a type of lysosomal storage disorder with lysosomal accumulation of glycogen. Here, we developed the Komagataella phaffii yeast as a simple model of glycogen autophagy under nitrogen starvation conditions. For this, we turned the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis, Glg1, which is covalently bound to glycogen, into the Glg1-GFP autophagic reporter. Our results revealed that vacuolar delivery of Glg1-GFP and its processing to free GFP were strictly dependent on autophagic machinery and vacuolar proteolysis. Notably, this process was independent of Atg11, the scaffold protein common for many selective autophagy pathways. Importantly, the non-mutated Glg1-GFP (which synthesizes and marks glycogen) and mutated Glg1Y212F-GFP (which does not synthesize glycogen and is degraded by non-selective autophagy as cytosolic Pgk1-GFP) were equally well delivered to the vacuole and had similar levels of released GFP. Therefore, we concluded that glycogen autophagy is a non-selective process in K. phaffii yeast under nitrogen starvation conditions.
Low dropout voltage regulator for wireless applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Low dropout voltage regulators (LDO) are widely used in portable communication products such as cellular phones, pagers, and laptops. In this paper, we present a wide range load (100 mA) LDO designed with 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. By using a fast transient loop, we obtained high performance in transient response and output stability. Due to the improved transient response, the value of the output capacitor can be decreased. This allows us to integrate the capacitor within the LDO chip. Additional benefit of this approach is that we eliminate the equivalent series resistance. Therefore, the system stability is independent of it.
Preoperative differentiation of spinal multiple myeloma and osteolytic metastasis using diffusion-weighted imaging–based habitat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: Multiple myeloma (MM) and osteolytic metastases (OM) are difficult to distinguish due to similar radiographic features and clinical symptoms, yet they require different treatments. Goal(s): Develop a non-invasive, preoperative method to differentiate MM from OM using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) habitat imaging. Approach: Study involved MM and OM patients undergoing multi-b DWI exams. Tumors were segmented into three habitats based on diffusion coefficient and mean kurtosis coefficient. Logistic regression identified risk factors, and nomogram models were developed. Results: Habitat 3 fraction was higher in MM, and habitat 2 fraction was lower, both significant predictors. The nomogram model showed the highest diagnostic accuracy. Impact: DWI-based habitat imaging shows clinical potential for noninvasively and preoperatively differentiating between spine MM and OM.
Estimates of variance components and repeatability for total forage yield in rye: implications for breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) is an important forage crop in the USA for stocker cattle ( Bos sp.) production, thus making forage yield an important breeding objective for the crop. However, little information is known about the repeatability for forage yield in this crop. The objectives of this research were to: (i) estimate variance components for forage yield from long‐term variety trials, (ii) estimate the repeatability for forage yield and (iii) relate this to breeding strategies for increased forage yield in rye. Trials were conducted over 14 years where 97 USA open‐pollinated varieties ( OPV s) were evaluated. Repeatability ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 when the data were analysed by year for the 3 years with significant genotype main effects. Possible explanations for the lack of significant genotype main effects are discussed. Practical implications of these findings indicate that the development of improved cultivars with greater forage yield will require improved methods of selection based on family performance rather than the current methods based primarily on single plant visual selection.
SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS CONTAINING BIO-BASED PROCESS OILS. II: INFLUENCE OF EPOXIDE AND AMINO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The feasibility of the use of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) and amine-modified epoxidized palm oil (mEPO) as process oils in silica-reinforced natural rubber compounds is studied. The chemical structures of EPO and mEPO are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR). Amine modification for 3 and 5 h leads to mEPOs with 0.03 and 0.04 mmol of amine in 1 g of oil, referred to as 0.03 mEPO and 0.04 mEPO, respectively. The properties of rubber compounds containing modified palm oils are investigated by taking those with TDAE oil and those without oil as references. The use of process oils clearly enhances the processibility (i.e., lower mixing torque and complex viscosity) and mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the rubber compounds as compared with compounds without oil. The rubber compounds with EPO and 0.03 mEPO show a lower Payne effect (i.e., less filler–filler interaction) than the rubber compound with TDAE because of the shielding effect of the oils on the silica surface. The use of mEPO boosts the vulcanization reaction, resulting in much better cure torque difference, which indicates a higher crosslink density due to the amino groups present in mEPO as compared with TDAE. Therefore, rubber compounds with mEPOs have better mechanical properties (i.e., reinforcement index, tensile strength, and elongation at break) and better elastic response under dynamic deformation, as indicated by a lower loss tangent at 60 °C as compared with the mix with TDAE.
Quantifying Clinical Utility of Adjuvant Abemaciclib in Patients With High-risk Early Breast Cancer Who Received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy—Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Production of buckwheat in natural areas of the Altai Krai.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Altay region is among of the largest producers of buckwheat in the Russian Federation. In 2013 its crops in the region exceeded 487 thousand hectares, which is almost half of this crop acreage in the country. However, the production of buckwheat in Altai is not stable over years and in natural areas. Therefore, the study of problems of buckwheat production in the region is crucial. The study results show that as quality criterion for singling out 5 enlarged natural buckwheat growing areas in the Altai region, the statistical data on available acreage and crop yields within the administrative areas, as well as almost uniform soil and climatic conditions may be considered. Maximum crops of buckwheat (80%) are concentrated in three natural areas of the region presented by forest steppes and foothills. In the region the average buckwheat grain yield over the past 7 years was was quite high and amounted to 0.73 tons per 1 hectare (2007-2013), which made up to 87% of buckweat yield in Russia. Gross yield of buckwheat in Altai in specific years exceeded 360 thousand tons (in 2013), i.e. more than 40% of the production in Russia. Prices for the grain in the region varied depending on the market demand – from 5652 roubles per ton (2007) to 21110 roubles per ton (2011), respectively, and producer prices were different as well from 12142 roubles per ton (2009) to 50782 roubles per ton (2011). Considering peculiarities of natural conditions in the growing areas of buckwheat and improvement of economic mechanisms of the grain market will improve grain production.
Genealogy, Immanent Critique and Forms of Life: A Path for Decolonial Studies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article argues for a viable genealogical approach within critical theory that could settle the questions regarding normative viability of such critique. Then, the implications of the normative inheritance implied lead to the pairing of Jaeggi’s conceptualization and critique of forms of life with Rosa’s dual diagnosis of (late) modernity through the structural lenses of genealogy as tridimensional endeavor posed by Saar. In the end, the final argument is that a genealogical critique in these terms could be the next step towards the revitalization of decolonial studies and a path for direct political action.
CSIG-11. ONCOSTREAMS: NOVEL STRUCTURES THAT SPECIFY GLIOMAS’ SELF-ORGANIZATION, ARE ANATOMICALLY DISCRETE, FUNCTIONALLY UNIQUE, AND MOLECULARLY DISTINCT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Whether tumors in general and gliomas in particular are self-organized has not been determined. Brain tumor self-organization would be revealed through individual recognizable structures. Here we demonstrate that brain tumors are indeed self-organized. Brain tumor self-organization is evidenced by the existence of oncostreams, multicellular structures composed of elongated glioma cells. Oncostream structure, function and molecular makeup was studied in several glioma models. In experimental mouse models, and in human GBM tumors, oncostreams were demarcated anatomically as multicellular arrangements of fusiform cells, 10–20 cells wide, of various lengths and distributed throughout the tumors. Using genetically engineered glioma models we found a negative correlation between oncostream density and survival, suggesting that oncostreams contribute to tumor aggressiveness. As oncostreams also reached tumor borders, it is likely that they participate in glioma invasion. Further, by placing slow moving glioma stem cells into oncostreams we detected that these function as streams that distribute glioma cells throughout the tumors. Importantly, we performed the molecular analysis of oncostreams using a Laser Microdissection Microscope to dissect oncostreams from surrounding tumor. The transcriptome landscape was analyzed by next generation sequencing using RNA-Seq and advanced bioinformatics algorithms. The molecular analysis showed that oncostreams are defined by a distinctive transcriptome landscape. We hereby show that oncostreams: (i) are anatomically discrete structures that reveal the existence of glioma self-organization, (ii) are functionally unique as they regulate glioma growth, invasion and spread, and (iii) molecularly distinct, their genetic landscape and associated gene networks differentiate oncostreams from surrounding glioma. Understanding glioma self-organization and its molecular basis will contribute to uncover novel targets for future translational development.
Future of the Geologist in the Petroleum Industry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

During the 1929-1932 depression the geological profession suffered greatly through loss of employment. An effort is made to point out various fields of cooperative endeavor wherein the geologist is well qualified to function and, through proper development of which, the profession should be enabled to avoid a repetition of the serious loss of employment which occurred at that time. The problems of the expert witness and of the professional appraiser are discussed briefly.
Fluorescence Control on Panchromatic Spectra via C-Alkylation on Arylated Quinoxalines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A coherent green fluorescence was obtained by butylation at the 2-position of panchromatic 2,3-diaryl-5,8-diarylquinoxalines (<b>2</b>) to give corresponding 2-butyl-2,3-diaryl-5,8-diaryl-1<i>H</i>-quinoxalines (<b>3</b>). Full color quinoxaline derivatives (<b>2</b>) were prepared from electronic modification at either the 2,3- or 5,8-positions at the peripheral ArX group or X group (X = −H, −OMe, −NPh<sub>2</sub>, −NMe<sub>2</sub>, −NMePh) of the quinoxalines. 2-Butylation converted one imine unit of the pyrazine ring to an amine group, which effectively altered the electron donor and acceptor functions to produce a coherent green fluorescence.
Solid Waste Co-Conversion by Hydrothermal Treatment using Natural Zeolite

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrothermal treatment is a thermal conversion technology for processing high-moisture-content solid waste to coal-like materials. In this research, mixtures of sawdust and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste were treated in a 2000mL hydrothermal reactor to produce hydrochar and a liquid product. The effects of zeolite addition and tempera-ture variations during the treatment on the product characteristics were investigated. During the treatment, the utilized temperatures were 180, 200, and 220 °C, and the zeolite contents in the mixture were 10 and 20 wt%; the temperature and zeolite content were varied, while the other processing parameters were fixed, i.e., a biomass-to-PET ratio of 1:1, solid mixture-to-water ratio of 1:10, and processing time of 30 minutes at the targeted temperature. The product from each hydrothermal condition was characterized in terms of solid yield; liquid pH; chemical characteristics, determined using proximate analysis; and calorific value. The result shows that the addition of zeolite could increase the solid yield, while a higher treatment temperature led to a higher calorific value of the solid product.
Effects of Toxin Binder Biotox on Growth Performance Survival, Enzymatic Activity, Hematologichal and Biochemical Parameters of Fingerlings Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Diets- Contaminated with Aflatoxin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Biotox on growth performance, survival, enzymatic activity, hematological and biochemical parameters of fingerlings rainbow trout fed with aflatoxin.For this purpose, 900 fish were stocked in four treatments at the pools and fed 4 times a day by supplementing the basal diet with 0.1% Biotoxin +1 mg/kg aflatoxin (T1), 0.2% Biotoxin +1 mg/kg aflatoxin (T2), 1 mg/kg aflatoxin (T3) and basal diet as control group (T4) for 60 days.There were significant differences (P<0.05) in survival in fish fed different diets for 60 days.Survival was higher in the T2.there were no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in growth performance, activity Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and hematological parameters, of fish in different treatments.Also, no significant difference (P> 0.05) in serum globulin, albumin and total protein was observed between treatments and control group.The results of the present study showed a significant (P<0.05)increase in Glucose and triglyceride in T3, whereas serum cholesterol was higher in T3 and control group.Addition of 1-2 g Biotox/ kg feed did not affected growth performance and hematological parameters, but increased survival of fingerling fed with the diets of aflatoxin B1-exposed.
Optimization of Production-Distribution Network of Perishable High-Tech Products with Capacity

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper address the problems of optimization of production -distribution network of the first and second generation products with capacity under uncertain environment in terms of perish ability and coexistence of high- tech products. The model examines the influential factors on demand of products such as response time, price, and substitution, then the demand id segmented. Response time model is established on the basis of stage features of the 2 generations products. The objective function of a non-linear integer programming model is formulated to determine the production scale, transportation mode and storage location. This research provides important reference for the manufacture to make decision.
Construction of Near-Infrared Probes with Remarkable Large Stokes Shift Based on a Novel Purine Platform for the Visualization of mtG4 Upregulation during Mitochondrial Disorder in Somatic Cells and Human Sperms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

G-quadruplex structures within the nuclear genome (nG4) is an important regulatory factor, while the function of G4 in the mitochondrial genome (mtG4) still needs to be explored, especially in human sperms. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function, it is crucial to develop excellent probes that can selectively visualize and track mtG4 in both somatic cells and sperms. Herein, based on our previous research on purine frameworks, we attempted for the first time to extend the conjugated structure from the C-8 site of purine skeleton and discovered that the purine derivative modified by the C-8 aldehyde group is an ideal platform for constructing near-infrared probes with extremely large Stokes shift (>220 nm). Compared with the compound substituted with methylpyridine (PAP), the molecule substituted with methylthiazole orange (PATO) showed better G4 recognition ability, including longer emission (∼720 nm), more significant fluorescent enhancement (∼67-fold), lower background, and excellent photostability. PATO exhibited a sensitive response to mtG4 variation in both somatic cells and human sperms. Most importantly, PATO helped us to discover that mtG4 was significantly increased in cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain damage caused by complex I inhibitors (6-OHDA and rotenone), as well as in human sperms that suffer from oxidative stress. Altogether, our study not only provides a novel ideal molecular platform for constructing high-performance probes but also develops an effective tool for studying the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function in both somatic cells and human sperms.