jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acute βAdrenergic Blockade on Lactate-lnduced Panic-Reply

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In Reply.—

We appreciate the work of Rainey et al in bringing to our attention the previously untranslated French manuscript of Scebat et al. While interesting, however, the findings of the French group hardly indicate that lactate works to increase heart rate or cardiac index (cardiac output divided by surface area) via a βadrenergic mechanism. First, Jose and Taylor1specifically found that 0.2 mg/kg of intravenous propranolol hydrochloride is needed to saturate βreceptors in dogs, not the 0.1 mg/kg given by Scebat et al. If isoproterenol causes an increase in the cardiac index after propranolol hydrochloride administration within ten to 20 minutes, by definition full βblockade was not achieved. Furthermore, there are a variety of ways to increase cardiac rate and output other than by stimulation of βreceptors. These include parasympathetic inhibition and peripheral vasodilation. The study by Scebat et al cannot answer the question of the interaction between lactate and
Preparation and properties of poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites with high bamboo flour content

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study focused on the preparation of bamboo flour/Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) composites with high bamboo flour content and high mechanical strength using polyurethane prepolymer as chemical–physical compatibilizer via in‐situ reaction. Additionally, this work explored the effects of different bamboo flour contents and different types of polyurethane prepolymers on the mechanical properties, morphology, thermodynamics, water absorption, and surface wettability of the bamboo flour/PBAT composites. The results showed that PBA‐based polyurethane prepolymer (PBAPU) was an effective compatibilizer, promoting the interfacial adhesion between bamboo flour and PBAT. The strength at break, elongation at break, and impact strength of composites with 50% bamboo flour content reached 19.56 MPa, 25.53%, and 12.8 KJ/m 2 . With the increase of bamboo flour content, the strength of composites was still higher. The addition of PBAPU enhanced the thermal stability, mechanical properties, water resistance, and hydroscopicity of the bamboo flour/PBAT composites. Furthermore, the compatibilization of PBA‐based polyurethane prepolymer on composites was better than that of PCL‐based polyurethane prepolymer. Overall, we provided an effective strategy for preparing renewable, green, and practical high‐bamboo flour composites. Highlights This work successfully prepared bamboo flour/PBAT composites with high bamboo content using an in‐situ melt blending reaction. A new interface structure of physical PBA‐PBA interaction between the PBAPU layer and PBAT matrix improved the compatibilization of the composites. PBAPU as a compatibilizer effectively improved the interface compatibility, thermal stability, and water resistance of Bamboo flour/PBAT blends. Bamboo flour/PBAT composites with high bamboo flour content have excellent mechanical properties.
Susceptibility of asthmatic children to respiratory infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: A case-control study of patients with pneumonia was conducted to investigate whether wheezing diseases could be a risk factor. METHODS: A random sample was taken from a general university hospital in S. Paulo City between March and August 1994 comprising 51 cases of pneumonia paired by age and sex to 51 non-respiratory controls and 51 healthy controls. Data collection was carried out by two senior paediatricians. Diagnoses of pneumonia and presence of wheezing disease were independently established by each paediatrician for both cases and controls. Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed and repeatability of information on wheezing diseases was measured. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. RESULTS: Wheezing diseases, interpreted as proxies of asthma, were found to be an important risk factor for pneumonia with an odds ratio of 7.07 (95%CI= 2.34-21.36), when the effects of bedroom crowding (odds ratio = 1.49 per person, 95%CI= 0.95-2.32) and of low family income (odds ratio = 5.59 against high family income, 95%CI= 1.38-22.63) were controlled. The risk of pneumonia attributable to wheezing diseases is tentatively calculated at 51.42%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that at practice level asthmatics should deserve proper surveillance for infection and that at public health level pneumonia incidence could be reduced if current World Health Organisation's guidelines were reviewed as to include comprehensive care for this illness.
Modelling the effects of stratigraphical uncertainty on fault seal and trap-fill in faulted structures

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional approach to migration modelling through faulted structures is described that allows the effects of stratigraphical uncertainty on potential hydrocarbon accumulations to be assessed. Deterministic, three-dimensional fault seal analysis typically produces results that are extremely sensitive to input parameters such as structural architecture and stratigraphical variation. These parameters can be amongst the most poorly defined of modelling inputs because subsurface structural detail and stratigraphical variation are often below the limit of seismic resolution and are not sampled by well data. The new technique is fully integrated with three-dimensional fault seal analysis and hydrocarbon flow pathway modelling to give a workflow that predicts the likelihood of fault-controlled hydrocarbon accumulations, given these uncertainties. Multiple deterministic realizations of the model are used to highlight specific uncertainties in stratigraphy to which predicted hydrocarbon accumulations are sensitive. The results of these realizations are incorporated into, and used to condition, a stochastic model to risk predicted accumulations based on their likelihood of occurrence and volume. This technique has many advantages over either purely deterministic or purely stochastic approaches. A single deterministic realization places over-optimistic faith in the accuracy of the geological model because of the high sensitivity of fault seal analysis to input parameters. Multiple realizations allow specific input parameter uncertainties to be investigated, and the resulting common traps can be considered low risk, but accumulations exclusive to individual realizations cannot be risked. Moreover, a purely stochastic simulation based on all uncertainties will, at best, reduce efficiency by modelling uncertainties to which the result is insensitive or, at worst, may bias results with geologically implausible, stochastically-generated trials.
[The effect of dilutions of Apis mellifica and Apium virus on ultraviolet light-induced erythema in the guinea pig].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dilutions of Apis mellifica (obtained from the whole bee) and Apium virus (obtained from bee venom) are used classically in homeopathy for inflammatory symptoms with edema, erythema and pruritus (Lewis triad). Using a method examining the evolution of UV induced erythema in the guinea pig, the authors show the following dilutions of Apis mellifica 7 CH(10(-14)), 9 CH(10(-18)) and of Apium virus 5 CH(10(-10)), 7 CH(10(-14)), 9 CH(10(-18)) exert an action on experimental erythema. The results are statistically significant for the dilutions at the 48th hour after irradiation.
Moment by Moment Variation in the Cognitive Activity of Experts.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the analysis of moment by moment variation in the use of intuitive and analytical cognition by experts engaged in a complex judgement task. Six highway engineers were asked to think aloud while producing formulas that expressed their knowledge of how highway aesthetics, safety, and capacity are determined by sets of relevant factors. Each engineer's statements were measured with multiple indices of the use of intuitive or analytical cognition, thus producing a moment by moment measure of the engineer's cognitive activity. Measures reflecting the rate of alternation between intuition and analysis, as well as linear and nonlinear trends, were derived from this. Differences in these measures due to task topic were found. Two predictions from Cognitive Continuum Theory were supported by the data: (a) the average segment was more analytical on the capacity task than on the aesthetics task, and (b) the rate of alteration between analysis and intuition was faster on the capacity task, which has high standards, than on the aesthetics task. The subtask the engineer was engaged in was also measured over time, and its was found that subjects used different modes of cognitive activity on different subtasks. Finally, it was discovered that the proportion of time the engineer spent doing particular cognitive activities and particular subtasks was related to the production of more accurate formulas. Keywords: Experts; Intuitive-analytical; Verbal protocol analysis; Cognitive continuum theory.
Endogenous Reference Price Auctions for a Diverse Set of Commodities: An Experimental Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Endogenous Reference Price Auctions for a Diverse Set of Commodities: An Experimental Analysis Olivier Armantier and Charles A. Holt Abstract This paper uses laboratory techniques to evaluate procedures for selling a heterogeneous set of commodities in auctions designed to create thick markets. “Reference prices,” based on commodity characteristics and other available information, are used to normalize bids before they are ranked. The complex, multi-dimensional nature of the commodity space creates a rich strategic environment that is well suited for testing with financially motivated human subjects. When reference prices are based on noisy value estimates, the auction performance is substantially improved by using submitted bids to adjust reference prices before the auction is cleared.
MEWUJUDKAN KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN KETRAMPILAN PEMBUATAN SABUN CUCI PIRING DAN MENGHITUNG HPP

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this community service activity is to empower women in the Purwoyoso village. This empowerment is able to improve the economic condition of the family. through innovative activities, enabling them to learn various skills to help increase income for women in Purwoyoso sub-district, The method used in this community service activity is to provide direct training with tutorials in the field by teaching making dish soap and calculating HPP (Cost of Production). The results of the service are expected that mothers have skills in making dish soap and calculating HPP so that they can determine the price of goods when sold. With skills in making dish soap, mothers can produce which can later be used alone or sold so that additional income can be obtained.
Relations between Specific Volume, Count, and Twist of Spun Nylon Yarns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of count, twist, and diameter were made on 500 specimens from 20 spun nylon yarns, covering counts from 10s to 40s and twist factors from 2 to 8, and used to study the specific volumes of these yarns. It was shown that in hard-twisted yarns the packing was about 7% less effective than in an ideal ring structure. In soft-twisted yarns, the specific volume was much greater. The effect of tension on yarn diameter was investigated in preliminary tests. The correlation between twist t and count N was also considered, and the constants k and m in the relation t = kN m were calculated. The value of m was shown to vary with twist factor in a way which could be explained by the torque-twist relations of yarns.
Relationship of Arousal Threshold to Sleep Stage Distribution and Subjective Estimates of Depth and Quality of Sleep

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The relationship of arousal threshold, amounts of various sleep stages, and subjective rating of sleep was studied in two separate experiments involving 7 and 26 young adult subjects, respectively. Electroencephalographic sleep stage data, subjective response data, and arousal threshold data were collected over a series of nights in the sleep laboratory. Only nonsignificant relationships were found between magnitude of arousal threshold and amounts of various sleep stages or subjective rating of sleep quality in between-subjects analyses. However, when the nights representing extremes in arousal threshold were examined within-subject, it was found that nights of high threshold were accompanied by subjective reports of significantly better sleep in both studies and by a significant decrease in the amount of stage W in one study. Arousal threshold was not related to subjective depth of sleep in either study. Rather, subjective ratings of depth of sleep were significantly related to the amount of EEG-defined wakefulness and stage 1.
Drug release from polyelectrolyte coated PLGA microparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This report documents the investigation of drug release from polyelectrolyte coated PLGA microparticles. Currently, PLGA microparticles are widely used in most drug delivery systems for controlled drug release, but the problem of burst release still remains. Polyelectrolyte coating is thus employed to overcome this problem due to its unique properties for inhibiting release. In this project, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) has been successfully coated onto PLGA particles loaded with various kinds of drugs ranging from hydrophobic drug (fluorescein diacetate, FDA) to hydrophilic drug (fluroscein isothiocyanate labeled dextran, FITC-D) using the emulsion-evaporation technique. A positive drug release retardation result of at least 80% is achieved for medium-sized FITC-D 70 kDa and 250 kDa particles. For FITC-D 70 kDa medium particles, the retardation can be sustained higher than that of the FITC-D 250 kDa particles. On the other hand, PEM shows no effect for both FDA and fluorescein. Also, the effect of washing agents during the coating process was not shown significantly throughout the drug release course. Lastly, a comparison between the medium and large particles was conducted. However, the results obtained show that particle size does not affect drug retardation significantly as of now. Up till the time of report submission, only preliminary data were collected. Further evaluation works are still ongoing to collect more accurate and reliable results.
Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 2014 Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions Kenneth J. Arrow; Kenneth J. Arrow Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Robert C. Lind Robert C. Lind * Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research (2014) 6 (1): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2014.867640 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Kenneth J. Arrow, Robert C. Lind; Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Public Investment Decisions. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 1 January 2014; 6 (1): 29–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2014.867640 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressJournal of Natural Resources Policy Research Search Advanced Search Issue Section: ARTICLE You do not currently have access to this content.
Voltammetric determination of zolpidem by using glassy carbon electrode modified with Ag/ZnO nanoplates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine derivative, non-benzodiazepine and sedative-hypnotic medicine. It is a widely prescribed medication in adults used for the short-term treatment of a sleep problem called insomnia and frequent awakenings. In this work, the zolpidem was determined using Ag/ZnO nanoplates modified glassy carbon electrode (Ag-ZnO/GCE). Electrochemical behavior of the zolpidem was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CHA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) using the Ag-ZnO/GCE. The results revealed that, the current responses of the zolpidem improved significantly due to the high catalytic activity and electron transfer reaction of nanoplates. The linear range of zolpidem was found to be from 0.1 ?M to 500.0 ?M with the detection limit of 0.03 ?M. In addition, this original sensor showed numerous benefits such as reproducibility, high stability, and rapid response (20 s). @ Eurasian Chemical Communications.All rights reserved.
Two modifications of the inertial Tseng extragradient method with self-adaptive step size for solving monotone variational inequality problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, we introduce two new inertial-type algorithms for solving variational inequality problems (VIPs) with monotone and Lipschitz continuous mappings in real Hilbert spaces. The first algorithm requires the computation of only one projection onto the feasible set per iteration while the second algorithm needs the computation of only one projection onto a half-space, and prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the monotone mapping is not required in proving the strong convergence theorems for the two algorithms. Under some mild assumptions, we prove strong convergence results for the proposed algorithms to a solution of a VIP. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed algorithms.
Euthanasia decision making in ranches and feedlots

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Beef cattle production veterinarians have a responsibility to train their clients and help them make appropriate and timely treatment, culling/railing, euthanasia and emergency sal­vage slaughter decisions. There may be times, though, that veterinarians do not agree with their client’s decision on the treatment or final disposition of a distressed or compromised animal, which will be frustrating. To be credible production animal veterinarians whom clients trust, and thus, are more likely to follow recommendations, veterinarians must under­stand beef production economics and practical, logistical reali­ties on each beef cattle operation and take these into consider­ation when providing advice. There are well documented beef industry animal health, welfare and transportation guidelines for sick and compromised cattle from the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA),14-16 Animal Health Canada,7,10 Canadi­an Cattlemen’s Association (CCA),22 U.S. (USRSB) and Canadian Roundtables of Sustainable Beef (CRSB),11,21 and Professional Animal Auditor Certification Organization (PAACO).8,20 For vet­erinarians, there are similar guidelines from the American Vet­erinary Medical Association (AVMA)5 and American Associa­tion of Bovine Practitioners (AABP).1-3 There may be additional federal or state/provincial regulations for the transport of compromised cattle that veterinarians and producers must be aware of.9 It is our responsibility as veterinarians to be famil­iar with the most current versions of these animal health and welfare guidelines and regulations, before advising our clients. Armed with current scientific, industry, and regulatory infor­mation, veterinarians can help their clients reduce the number of compromised animals in their beef cattle operations through preventive herd health programs and animal husbandry prac­tices. When that fails, veterinarians can then help their beef clients make informed, objective and timely decisions on the fi­nal disposition of their compromised cattle, which are in the best interest of the animal and the client’s financial bottom line.
Observation of Phase Separation Process in the Binary Mixture of Nematic and Isotropic Polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the phase separation process in the binary mixture of the semi-rigid thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer and the flexible polymer. By raising temperature, an initially homogeneous mixture undergoes the phase separation. Utilizing the nematic property of one component, we were able to observe this segregation process by means of a polarizing microscope under crossed polarizers. We found a new mechanism to explain the coalescence of droplets in the latest stage.
On the Nuclear Moments of Indium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The atomic beam method of zero moments has been applied to measure the nuclear spin, the h.f.s. $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ of the normal $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state and the absolute magnetic moment of In 115. The spin was found to be 9/2 and the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=0.381$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in agreement with spectroscopic results. The resolving power which was attained was sufficiently high to allow a measurement of the fine structure of the zero moment peaks. From the separation of the two $m=\ensuremath{-}3$ peaks and the diamagnetic susceptibility, we calculate the moment of indium 115 to be 6.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20 nuclear magnetons. From the theory of this effect which is given below, it is clear that this value does not depend on any assumption with regard to the interaction between the nuclear spin and the electron configuration. Peaks arising from the metastable $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state, lying 2212.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ above the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state were found. The intensity of these peaks is in good agreement with what is expected from quantum statistics. Their exact location will permit an evaluation of the nuclear quadrupole moment.
A History of Competitive Gaming

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Competitive gaming, or esports – referring to competitive tournaments of video games among both casual gamers and professional players – began in the early 1970s with small competitions like the one held at Stanford University in October 1972, where some 20 researchers and students attended. By 2022, the estimated revenue of the global esports industry is in excess of $947 million, with over 200 million viewers worldwide. Regardless of views held about competitive gaming, esports have become a modern economic and cultural phenomenon. This book studies the full history of competitive gaming from the 1970s to the 2010s against the background of the arrival of the electronic and computer age. It investigates how competitive gaming has grown into a new form of entertainment, a sport-like competition, a lucrative business and a unique cultural sensation. It also explores the role of competitive gaming in the development of the video game industry, making a distinctive contribution to our knowledge and understanding of the history of video games. A History of Competitive Gaming will appeal to all those interested in the business and culture of gaming, as well as those studying modern technological culture.