jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deficit Syndrome of Schizophrenia: Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Set Against Tricyclic Antidepressants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Negative symptoms are among the important barriers against psychosocial rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Adjunctive drugs can be used for reducing the severity of these symptoms. In this study, we compared the helpfulness of Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) vs. Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as regards their efficacy on reducing the severity of such symptoms. Materials and method: One hundred and thirty five schizophrenic patients were divided into three different groups and the efficacy of TCAs (clomipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline) and SSRIs (flouxetine, citalopram, fluvoxamine), as adjuvant drugs, were examined in three different double-blind clinical controlled trials. Estimation of negative symptoms by Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was performed at baseline, week 3 and week 6. The data were analyzed by z and chi-square (X2-test) formula. Results: Clomipramine and Nortriptyline could reduce the severity of negative symptoms in some cases to a greater degree than SSRIs (40% versus 20% reduction from baseline). Generally, larger quantity of patients gained benefit from TCAs (73.33%) vis-à-vis SSRIs (65.90%). No important side effect or worsening of positive symptoms was evident in our samples throughout the aforesaid trials. Conclusion: In severe cases of deficit syndrome, TCAs seem to be superior to SSRIs for amelioration of negative symptoms.
Microbial Communities Drive Methane Fluxes From Floodplain Lakes—A Hydrological Gradient Perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of methanotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea on CH 4 fluxes from floodplain lakes at various successional stages, analysing their interactions with physicochemical properties of water. Seasonal microbiological and hydrochemical studies of 10 floodplain lakes in the Łyna River floodplain, characterised by varying hydrological connectivity, revealed that methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) and mGen significantly influenced CH 4 and CO 2 emissions. The microbial structure, expressed as the MOB/mGen ratio, was associated with a gradient of CH 4 flux rates specific to each oxbow type. Average CH 4 fluxes from the lakes were 21, 225 and 507 mg m −2 day −1 for lotic, semi‐lotic and lentic systems, respectively, while corresponding CO 2 fluxes were 0.8, 0.7 and 1.0 g CO 2 m −2 day −1 , respectively. Statistically significant differences in CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes were observed between lentic and lotic water bodies. The partial least squares model indicated that water temperature significantly stimulated MOB and mGen abundances. Moreover, chlorophyll‐ a , turbidity and chemical oxygen demand positively correlated with the presence of these microbial groups. Methanotrophs were negatively affected by NH 4 –N, while methanogens were affected by NO 3 –N. These findings highlight the complex biotic and abiotic interactions driving greenhouse gas emissions in floodplain ecosystems and suggest targeted management strategies to mitigate their climate impacts.
Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles in Premixed Flames

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

See also: CrystEngComm (2020) 22, 5509-5521"Formation of nanocrystalline manganese oxide in flames: oxide phase governed by classical nucleation and size-dependent equilibria" by Shruthi Dasappa and Joaquin CamachoSynthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles was carried out in premixed stagnation flames. The deposition surface was stationary to enable rigorous comparison to flame structure computations using pseudo one-dimensional and full two-dimensional calculations. The pseudo one-dimensional assumption taken by OPPDIF to calculate the flame structure performs reasonably well for the narrow aspect ratio stagnation flow currently studied. Agreement between the measured flame position and both computational methods was within 0.25 cm. The variation in manganese oxidation state in the products observed here is shown to be caused by competing oxidation and particle nucleation processes. Complimentary experimental and modeling studies of flame synthesis were carried out under well-defined boundary conditions to examine this competition. Manganese oxide products having II, II,III, III and IV valence were observed depending on the flame conditions. Unlike iron oxide and titanium oxide systems, complete oxidation to MnO2 is only observed for the most oxidizing growth conditions. The first observation of phase pure MnO by flame synthesis is reported here. Manipulation of the balance between manganese oxidation and particle nucleation through control of the time-temperature-oxygen history may enable selective synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles with tailored morphology and oxidation state.
Constrained procedural floor plan generation for game environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Procedural content generation (PCG) has become an important subject as the demand for content in modern games has increased. Paradox Arctic is a game development studio that aims to be at the forefront of technological solutions and is therefore interested in furthering their knowledge in PCG. To this end, Paradox Arctic has expressed their interest in a collaborative effort to further explore the subject of procedural floor plan generation. Objective: The main goal of this work is to test whether a solution based on growth, subdivision or a combination thereof, can be used to procedurally generate believable and varied floor plans for game environments, while also conforming to predefined constraints. Method: A solution capable of generating floor plans with the use of growth, subdivision and a combination of both has been implemented and a survey testing the believability and variation of the generated layouts has been conducted. Results & Conclusions: While the results of the subdivision and combined solutions show that more work is necessary before the generated content can be considered believable, the growth based solution presents promising results in terms of believability when generating smaller to medium sized layouts. This believability does however come at the cost of variation.
Changes in membrane surface areas in mouse parietal cells in relation to high levels of acid secretion.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Levels of gastric acid secretion which may be maximal for the mouse were recorded following treatment with histamine and carbachol. A 30-fold increase over control levels was obtained in perfused animals, corresponding to a fourfold increase over highest levels recorded previously for stimulated mice. Stereological methods were used to estimate surface areas of membrane compartments of parietal cells in control and stimulated animals. Estimates of relative changes in membrane surface areas using a surface ratio method in this case substantiated changes detected by calculating surface densities. Main changes in membrane compartments of parietal cells from animals showing maximal acid secretion were a fourfold increase in free (luminal) surface, a 50% increase approximately in lateral and basal membrane, and a 90% reduction approximately in the tubulovesicular membrane compartment. Following withdrawal of secretagogues, acid secretion usually returned to control levels within 3 hours, but complete reconstitution of the tubulovesicular compartment was not seen within any survival period up to 5 hours. Reappearance of tubulovesicular elements first occurred shortly after the peak of a secretory response in focal cytoplasmic areas containing spherical and indented coated vesicles, and also numerous concentric membrane profiles not previously described in parietal cells. The way in which movement of membrane from the tubulovesicular compartment to the free surface occurs is not yet clear. However, reconstitution of the tubulovesicular compartment during a fall in acid secretion appears to involve movement of membrane from the free surface through coated vesicles, and their progression through indented forms and concentric membrane profiles to vesicles of the tubulovesicular compartment.
Waning of humoral immunity depending on the types of COVID-19 vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two-dose homologous ChAdOx1 vaccination or homologous mRNA-1273 booster appears to induce more-durable antibody responses than 2-dose homologous mRNA vaccination, homologous BNT162b2 booster, or 2-dose ChAdOx1 followed by BNT62b2 booster, although our findings are based on the relatively short term (3-month) follow-up after the vaccinations and the evaluation of the slopes from different antibody peak levels. Further studies on long-term durability depending on the types of vaccines are needed.
Sunn-Hemp Mosaic Virus Facilitates Cell-to-Cell Spread of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus in a Nonpermissive Host

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Accumulation of the cowpea strain of southern bean mosaic sobemovirus (SBMV-C) in bean, a nonpermissive host, was facilitated by coinfection with sunn-hemp mosaic (SHMV), a tobamovirus. The rate of spread in bean of SBMV-C in the presence of SHMV was compared with the rate of spread of the bean strain of SBMV (SBMV-B) coinoculated with SHMV (...)
A new species ofRibautiaBrölemann, 1909 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae) from Peruvian Amazonia, with a key to the Neotropical species of the genus with coxal organs grouped in clusters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ribautia williamsi sp. nov., a new dwarf geophilomorph centipede from the Lower Urubamba Region, PeruvianAmazonia, is described and illustrated based on the holotype female. The new species is characterized by havingthe coxal organs grouped in clusters (three of these in each coxopleuron of the ultimate leg-bearing segment) andventral pore-fields present along all the body; these two combined traits being shared by five other Neotropicalspecies currently included in the genusRibautiaBrölemann, 1909, i.e.R. centralis (Silvestri, 1907) (from Colombia and Brazil), R. difficilis Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1995 (from Brazil), R. montana Kraus, 1954 (from Peru), R. peruana (Verhoeff, 1941) (from Peru), and R. titicacae (Turk, 1955) (from Peru). The new taxon is differentiatedfrom the aforementioned species by the low number of leg-bearing segments and small body length; it is included in a key which will enable the identification of all known Neotropical members having coxal organs grouped inclusters. R. williamsisp. nov. is the 14th species of Ribautia recorded from Peru.
The Effect of Social Media on Body Image

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present experiment examined the levels of body satisfaction of 30 female participants using two questionnaires created using Survey Monkey. Participants were randomly assigned to either a thin ideal or non-thin ideal condition. They were then administered a questionnaire, which included images of women with either ideal body types or more relatable bodies, and asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with their own bodies. The questionnaires were identical in all ways except for the body types portrayed in the images used. It was hypothesized that the increased exposure to the ‘thin ideal’ body image standards in the thin ideal condition would lead to an increase in body dissatisfaction as measured by the questionnaire. The results did not support the hypothesis, as there was no significant difference in body satisfaction across the two groups. These results provide further insight into social media’s effect on body image perception and are discussed in terms of their relevance to current understanding of this topic.
A randomized, phase II trial comparing sequential paclitaxel/cisplatin/gemcitabine/vinorelbine/ (PCGV) with cisplatin/gemcitabine/vinorelbine/ (CGV) in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

17008 Background: New effective therapies are needed to improve the outcome of patients with advanced NSCLC. In this regard, new approaches such as cisplatin-based triplets have been explored with promising results but high toxicity. Furthermore, sequential chemotherapy schedules with taxanes followed by cisplatin-based regimens or viceversa could improve activity. A phase II study showed that sequential chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel followed by CGV was highly active. Methods: A multicenter, randomized phase II trial of PCGV vs CGV in advanced NSCLC patients was conducted. Primary end-point: time to progression and survival. Eligible pts had unresectable, histologically confirmed NSCLC; no prior chemotherapy; PS 0–2; measurable disease. Pts received: Arm A (PCGV): P 150 mg /m 2 /week × 6, followed 2 weeks later by C 100 mg/m 2 on day 1, gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 14, and vinorelbine 25 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 14 (CGV), every 28 days for a maximum of six courses. Arm B (CGV): C 100 mg/m 2 on day 1, gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 14, and vinorelbine 25 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 14 (CGV), every 28 days for a maximum of six courses. Results: 106 Pts were included. Pts baseline characteristics (A/B: 52/54): male 82/79%; median age 60/59 (range 38–75 years); PS 0: 30/33%; 1 63/60%; 2: 7/7%; % squamous carcinoma:44/42%.WHO grade 3–4 toxicities for P were: neutropenia 18%; anemia 10%; thrombocytopenia 2%, peripheral neuropathy 18%. Grade 3–4 toxicities for CGV after P were: neutropenia 31%,nausea-vomiting 20%,thrombocytopenia 7%,anemia 5%,peripheral neuropathy 21%. WHO grade 3–4 toxicities for arm B were: neutropenia 35%,nausea-vomiting 19%, anemia 12%, thrombocytopenia 11% and peripheral neuropathy 15%. After therapy with arm A, 44% achieved a partial response, 15% had stabilization and 41% progressed. Arm B response rate were as follows: partial response 33%, stable disease 24% and progressive disease 43%. Median time to progression was (A/B) 7/6 months (log rank test, p 0.13) and median survival was (A/B): 11/10 months (log rank test, p 0.5). Conclusions: In spite of high response rate in TCGV arm, no survival benefit was detected in advanced NSCLC patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Implementation of an Injury Prevention Program in NCAA Division I Athletics Reduces Injury-Related Health Care Costs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The estimated cost per year of injuries in collegiate athletics has been reported to be billions of dollars in the United States. Injury prevention programs are often assessed only by their ability to reduce injuries, and there is little evidence of any potential reduction in associated health care costs. Purpose: To investigate changes in injury-related health care costs at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I university after the implementation of an injury prevention program. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 12 sports teams that used the injury prevention program (user group) and 16 teams that did not implement the program (nonuser group). The injury surveillance and prevention system (Sparta Science) utilized a commercially available force-plate system to assess kinematic variables, flag high-risk athletes, and guide individual conditioning programs. Data were obtained from 3 academic years before (2012-2014) and 2 academic years after (2015-2016) implementation of the Sparta Science system. The number of injuries and associated health care costs (surgery, clinic visits, imaging, and physical therapy) were compared between users and nonusers. Results: Total average annual injuries did not change significantly between users and nonusers after implementation of the program; however, users demonstrated a 23% reduction in clinic visits as compared with a 14% increase for nonusers ( P = .049). Users demonstrated a 13% reduction in associated health care encounters, compared with a 13% increase for nonusers ( P = .032). Overall health care costs changed significantly for both groups, with an observed 19% decrease ($2,456,154 to $1,978,799) for users and an 8% increase ($1,177,542 to $1,270,846) for nonusers ( P < .01 for both). Costs related to associated health care encounters also decreased by 20% for users as compared with a 39% increase for nonusers ( P = .027). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce injury-related health care costs in NCAA Division I athletes via a comprehensive injury surveillance and prevention program utilizing force-plate technology. Given the substantial and appropriate focus on value of care delivery across the US health care system, we recommend the continued study of sports injury surveillance and prevention programs for reducing injury-related health care costs.
Learners' Self-Adaptation to Anxiety in Flipped Classrooms in MOOCs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The popularity of MOOCs has totally shifted the traditional teaching,which relieves the learners from theduck-stuffingway of teaching and converts them into active knowledge pursuers. Learners,however,tend to be anxious and feel lost and confused whensitting in the newclassroom. The paper is meant to dig out the reasons behind the anxiety and will equip itself with functional suggestions aiming to promote the efficiency both of learners' and of teachers'.
Radiotracer detergency testing in a horizontal‐axis washing machine

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Proposed regulations by the U.S. Department of Energy have spurred development of energy‐efficient washing machines that utilize less water and operate with lower energy requirements than conventional machines. As a result, major changes in washing machine design are required. Among expected changes are increased use of a horizontal‐axis wash tub, an increase in fabric‐to‐wash liquor ratio, greater surfactant concentration in the wash water, and reduced average washing temperatures. As a result, surfactants used in future detergent formulations will be required to clean effectively in this new regime while producing minimal foam. Detergency test methods utilizing radiotracer techniques have been developed to study the detergency process in energy‐efficient washing machines. Detergency and redeposition of radiolabeled oily soils can be determined in a full‐size horizontal‐axis washing machine through scintillation counting of wash and rinse water samples. Measurements can be made after each wash process step and combined to determine total cycle detergency. This is a distinct advantage over conventional reflectance detergency methods where only total detergency at the end of the entire washing and rinsing process can be conveniently measured. Also, in contrast to indirect reflectance methods, measurements of absolute soil removal are obtained with the radiotracer method. In this study, soil redeposition was determined by measuring residual radioactivity on fabric swatches and then performing a material balance on the oily soil.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PRIMARY ACHLORHYDRIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ninety-three cases of achlorhydria studied between February, 1921, and February, 1928, can be broadly classified as primary and secondary. The causes that may operate to produce a secondary achlorhydria are chronic cholecystitis, gastric carcinoma, gastric syphilis, alcoholism, old age (arteriosclerosis), chronic upper respiratory infection (sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis), mouth infection (caries and pyorrhea), pregnancy, toxic goiter, myxedema and tuberculosis (both pulmonary and intestinal). Achlorhydria is also found often enough in certain other conditions, such as migraine, allergic conditions and skin diseases (acne rosacea, scleroderma), to make a direct relationship rather certain. There are a number of persons without free hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretions in whom none of these etiologic factors are demonstrable. In our records, forty-two cases were found which fell under some one of the foregoing classifications. Chronic cholecystitis and carcinoma of the stomach were not included, since the absence of acid in the former is rather
Impact of interconnect variations on the clock skew of a gigahertz microprocessor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the large die sizes and tight relative clock skew margins, the impact of interconnect manufacturing variations on the clock skew in today's gigahertz microprocessors can no longer be ignored. Unlike manufacturing variations in the devices, the impact of the interconnect manufacturing variations on IC timing performance cannot be captured by worst/best case corner point methods. Thus it is difficult to estimate the clock skew variability due to interconnect variations. In this paper we analyze the timing impact of several key statistically independent interconnect variations in a context-dependent manner by applying a previously reported interconnect variational order-reduction technique. The results show that the interconnect variations can cause up to 25% clock skew variability in a modern microprocessor design.
SH1267934.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Arabidopsis thaliana and the Robin Hood parasite: a chivalrous oomycete that steals fitness from fecund hosts and benefits the poorest one?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Are parasites always harmful to their hosts? By definition, indeed, but in a few cases and particular environments, hosts experience higher fitness in the presence than in the absence of their parasites. Symbiotic associations form a continuum of interactions, from deleterious to beneficial effects on hosts. In this paper, we investigate the outcome of parasite infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by its natural pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis . This system exhibits a wide range of parasite impact on host fitness with, surprisingly, deleterious effects on high fecundity hosts and, at the opposite extreme, seemingly beneficial effects on the least fecund one. This phenomenon might result from varying levels of tolerance among host lines and even overcompensation for parasite damage analogous to what can be observed in plant–herbivore systems.