jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
At the Crossroads of Nowhere and Everywhere: Home, Nation, and Space in Shamim Sarif’s The World Unseen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Writers of Indian origin seldom appear in the South African literary landscape, although the participation of Indian South Africans in the anti-apartheid struggle was anything but insignificant. The collective experiences of violence and the plea for reconciliation that punctuate the rhythms of post-apartheid South Africa delineate a national script in which ethnic, class, and gender affiliations coalesce and patterns of connectedness between diverse communities are forged. Relations and Networks in South African Indian Writing brings the experience of South African Indians to the fore, demonstrating how their search for identity is an integral part of the national scene’s project of connectedness. By exploring how ‘Indianness’ is articulated in the South African national script through the works of contemporary South African Indian writers, such as Aziz Hassim, Ahmed Essop, Farida Karodia, Achmat Dangor, Shamim Sarif, Ronnie Govender, Rubendra Govender, Neelan Govender, Tholsi Mudly, Ashwin Singh, and Imraan Coovadia, along with the prison memoirists Dr Goonam and Fatima Meer, the book offers a theoretical model of South–South subjectivities that is deeply rooted in the Indian Ocean world and its cosmopolitanisms. Relations and Networks demonstrates convincingly the permeability of identity that is the marker of the Indian Ocean space, a space defined by ‘relations and networks’ established within and beyond ethnic, class, and gender categories. CONTRIBUTORS Isabel Alonso–Breto, M.J. Daymond, Felicity Hand, Salvador Faura, Farhad Khoyratty, Esther Pujolràs–Noguer, J. Coplen Rose, Modhumita Roy, Lindy Stiebel, Juan Miguel Zarandona
Impact of Transitioning to Single-Patient Rooms on Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in a Resource-Limited Facility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) substantially increase hospital costs and lead to poor patient outcomes, particularly when caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). To decrease MDRO transmission, isolation of colonized or infected patients in single rooms is recommended. However, single-patient isolation rooms are expensive to build and often unavailable in resource-limited hospitals. In 2023, an intensive care unit (ICU) at a large Brazilian tertiary hospital relocated from a space with an open floor plan to a newly built location with single-patient rooms. We evaluated the impact of this transition on acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization, HAI, and compliance with Hand Hygiene (HH) and Contact Precaution (CP) activities. Methods: We compared rates of CRE colonization acquisition, CRE colonization pressure, HAI, and compliance with HH and CP between pre- (March 1, 2022 – Feb 28, 2023) and post-implementation of single-rooms (March 1, 2023 - October 31, 2023) in a 12-bed surgical ICU. All patients were screened for CRE colonization on admission to the unit and weekly until discharge using rectal swab cultures. Colonization pressure was defined as the ratio of CRE-positive patient-days (PDs) to the total number of PDs. Rates of central-line associated blood-stream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections were monitored. HH and CP compliance were monitored weekly by infection prevention staff outside of the unit. Poisson regression and multiple linear regression were used to compare rates between pre- and post-implementation periods. Results: Healthcare acquisition of CRE colonization remainedstable between pre- and post-implementation (incidence rate ratio: 0.88 (95%CI, 0.73-1.05; P=0.16) despite an increase in CRE colonization pressure of 8.6% over baseline (from 7.84% pre- to 16.39% post-implementation (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.13-12.96%; P=.001)). The latter was driven by reduced turnover of CRE-colonized patients in the post-implementation period (mean patient-day reduced by 10.33; 95%CI, 3.06-17.61; P=0.006). Incidence of HAIs also remained stable (global incidence 3.12 vs 3.30, pre- and post-intervention, respectively; P=0.2). HH compliance was high prior to the transition (95.7%) and increased slightly but not significantly post-intervention (97.5%; P=0.3). CP compliance improved by 9.83%, especially in gown and glove changes after each patient interaction, from 90.62% pre- to 100% post-implementation (95%CI, 1.52-17.22; P=.02). Conclusion The move to an ICU with exclusively single-patient rooms was associated with increase in CP compliance. This could help explain why HAI incidence and healthcare acquisition of CRE colonization remained stable despite a significant increase in CRE colonization pressure. Disclosure: Matias Salomao: Speaker - Cepheid
Uses and Abuses of Estimates of the Underground Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Uses and Abuses of Estimates of the Underground Economy Get access Vito Tanzi Vito Tanzi International Monetary Fund Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 109, Issue 456, 1 June 1999, Pages 338–347, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00437 Published: 25 December 2001
Infrared modulated thermography based on the adaptive complex Morlet wavelet analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An adaptive infrared modulated image sequence processing method based on the complex Morlet wavelet analysis is proposed for the modulated thermography of composite materials, focusing on the complicated parameter selections.A wavelet scale selection algorithm is proposed according to the modulation frequency of thermal excitation and the sampling frequency of infrared imaging.The phase images obtained using this method and FFT are compared.The results show that the method can select the scale parameter of wavelet analysis automatically, and has a good tolerance to the change of modulation frequency.
Evaluation of specific value of endoscopic biopsies and brush cytology for malignancies of the oesophagus and stomach.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The value of multiple biopsies and brush cytology at oesophago-gastroscopy was assessed in relation to macroscopy and localization on 100 verified tumours in a prospective study. The cumulative accuracy achieved was 96%. This was significantly better (P less than 0-01) than that of biopsy (83%) and of cytology (85%). While the reliability of both procedures was not significantly different in malignancies of the oesophagus, the gastric body, and the antrum, cytoloty was significantly more accurate in cancers of the cardia (90% and 55% respectively, P less than 0-05). Cytology was also more reliable in stenosing tumours (92%/72%,P less than 0-05). In polypoid malignancies a positive but not significant trend was found in favour of multiple biopsies (94%/64%). One of the two early cancers was only diagnosed by cytology. The results confirm the high diagnostic accuracy of multiple endoscopic biopsies combined with brush cytology and demonstrate the value of cytology in stenosing tumours, especially in those of the cardia.
New Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan Nanocapsules: In Vivo Evaluation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The medicinal applications of curcumin, the major component of Curcuma longa, are limited by its poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. In order to overcome this limitation, a method to produce nanocapsules of chitosan loaded with curcumin was developed. Three different molecular weight and deacetylation degree chitosan polymers were used in the formulation in order to prepare curcumin-loaded nanocapsules (mass ratio 1 : 1.4). The best results were achieved using chitosan-Bi with a molecular weight of 710 000 Da. A bimodal distribution was observed in samples; moreover, chitosan-Bi produced the lowest particle size (197 nm). The entrapment efficacy of all chitosan nanocapsules produced reached values between 75 and 92 %. Their rate of drug release at different pH levels (2.0 and 7.4) showed a fast onset of curcumin release. Swiss mice were used to determine oral and total bioavailability of the new curcumin-loaded nanocapsules. Remarkably, the bioavailability of curcumin nanoformulated increased 9-fold compared with no formulated curcumin. These nanocapsules have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and its production is an easy to scale-up procedure using nontoxic materials.
Making Ecolabelling relevant to the developing world

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The role of market incentives in supporting the move towards sustainable seafood production is increasingly being demonstrated in the real world although the level of documentation is relatively poor. Market demand is strongest in western Europe where the greatest effort has been made by organisations such as the MSC to prove the concept that certification and labelling can be a positive tool. However, there is a need to ensure that suppliers in developing countries can be assured of access in an appropriate fashion. The MSC has made major progress towards ensuring developing country access via its systems development and outreach programs.
Permeability of Microcracked Porous Solids: Modeling from Homogenization to Percolation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper establishes a comprehensive modeling for permeability of porous solids incorporating cracks with clustering extent ranging from nonoverlapping to percolation. The geometry of cracks is characterized through the crack density, orientation, connectivity, and fractal dimension of crack networks. The interaction direct derivative (IDD) model from effective medium theory is developed to predict the permeability of solids with nonoverlapping cracks and further extended by a two-step scheme to account for cracks with local clustering. The continuum percolation theory is adopted to build the permeability scaling law for crack networks approaching percolation. The comprehensive model thus established was validated against numerical simulations for crack networks with different geometry characteristics. The obtained results show that (1) the classical IDD model can predict satisfactorily the permeability for nonoverlapping cracks and the crack opening has nearly no impact on overall permeability, (2) the extended IDD model considers successfully the local clustering of cracks, the prediction range is greatly enhanced for overall permeability, and the impact of crack opening is still limited, and (3) as crack networks approachi percolation, the overall permeability observes a scaling law highlighting the importance of crack connectivity, and the impact of crack opening assumes a power law with the exponent related to the fractal dimension of crack networks.
83-OR: Defining the Transcriptome and Epitranscriptome of the ß-Cell Compensation to Insulin Resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by decreased functional β-cell mass and poor compensation to insulin resistance. Thus, understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the physiological adaptation of β-cells to states of high metabolic demand is desirable. We aimed to dissect the transcriptome and m6A mRNA methylation landscape in the β-cell adaptation to insulin resistance. To this end we conducted RNA-sequencing in sorted β-cells and m6A-sequencing in whole islets from three mouse models: a) a dietary model (60% high-fat diet: Control-HF), b) a genetic model (liver-specific insulin receptor KO mouse on chow: LIRKO-C), and c) a superimposed dietary and genetic model of insulin resistance (LIRKO on a high fat diet: LIRKO-HF). These data were compared to littermate controls fed a chow diet (Control-C). Control-HF, LIRKO-C and LIRKO-HF each presented an increase in insulin resistance compared to Control-C. However, LIRKO-C and LIRKO-HF presented a robust insulin secretion capacity and a graded increase in β-cell proliferation and mass compared to Control-C. First, we correlated the transcriptome with surrogates of β-cell adaptation such as insulin secretion, β-cell mass or proliferation. Next, we intersected the genes that positively correlated with β-cell compensation with single-cell RNA seq datasets performed in islets from humans with or without T2D. This bioinformatics analyses identified extracellular matrix (ECM) as the most enriched pathway in the β-cell adaptation to insulin resistance. On the other hand, m6A-sequencing of Control-C, LIRKO-C and LIRKO-HF islets and the intersection of this dataset with the differentially methylated genes in human T2D islets, revealed enrichment in pathways associated with chromatin modifications. Together, these results point to ECM pathways as being important in the transcriptomic remodeling and that m6A acts on chromatin-modifying enzymes in the β-cell compensation to mammalian insulin resistance. Disclosure D.F.De jesus: None. Z.Zhang: Research Support; SinoVac. J.Wei: None. N.K.Brown: None. J.Hu: None. S.Kahraman: Employee; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. E.Dirice: None. R.Kulkarni: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Inversago, Biomea Fusion, Inc., REDD Pharma, Research Support; Inversago. Funding American Diabetes Association (7-21-PDF-140 to D.F.DJ.); National Institutes of Health (R01067536)
Process Diagnostics Using Trace Alignment: Opportunities, Issues, and Challenges

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Business processes leave trails in a variety of data sources (e.g., audit trails, databases, transaction logs). Hence, every process instance can be described by a trace, i.e., a sequence of events. Process mining techniques are able to extract knowledge from such traces and provide a welcome extension to the repertoire of business process analysis techniques. Recently, process mining techniques have been adopted in various commercial BPM systems (e.g., BPM|one, Futura Reflect, ARIS PPM, Fujitsu Interstage, Businesscape, Iontas PDF, QPR PA). Unfortunately, traditional process discovery algorithms have problems dealing with less structured processes. The resulting models are difficult to comprehend or even misleading. Therefore, we propose a new approach based on trace alignment. The goal is to align traces in such a way that event logs can be explored easily. Trace alignment can be used to explore the process in the early stages of analysis and to answer specific questions in later stages of analysis. Hence, it complements existing process mining techniques focusing on discovery and conformance checking. Keywords: mining diagnostics, conformance, alignment, execution patterns, process 1.
LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe’s extirpation in Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Queer identities and non-heteronormative sexualities are increasingly becoming visible globally and Zimbabwe has witnessed an emergent queer mobilization and sexual identities politics. There have been significant attempts to expunge nonheterosexuals from Zimbabwean citizenry by drawing borders on the basis of sexual orientation. Over the years, western and local media have mediated a narrative of a thoroughly homophobic Zimbabwe, not the least emanating from the former president, Robert Mugabe’s homophobic utterances which recurrently generated global news stories. A dominant discourse framed homosexual identities as on or beyond the border of what is socially acceptable, whilst the individuals with queer identities have been denied legal protection and status. Predominantly, homophobic sentiments are expressed, often reflecting the view that homosexual identities should not be given space in Zimbabwe, nor should anything associated with it be tolerated. The populist arguments are based on among other things, depicting heterosexuality as ‘natural’, homosexuality as ‘uncultural’ and ‘unChristian’, and stereotyping gay people as licentious. Drawing on ethnographic research, this paper explores how LGBT people in Harare perceive, make sense of and cope with the infamous hate speech, ‘worse than dogs and pigs’ , by the former president and the implications of this on their self-perception as they defiantly express a narrative of self-affirmation challenging the marginal status in popularized discourse.
Intracellular Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Load Determines Early Loss of Immune Synapse Components

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Lifelong infection is a hallmark of all herpesviruses, and their survival depends on countering host immune defenses. The human gammaherpesvirus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes an array of proteins that contribute to immune evasion, including modulator of immune recognition 2 (MIR2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Exogenously expressed MIR2 downregulates the surface expression of several immune synapse proteins, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1, ICAM-1 (CD54), and PECAM (CD31). Although immunofluorescence assays detect this lytic gene in only 1 to 5% of cells within infected cultures, we have found that de novo infection of naive cells leads to the downregulation of these immune synapse components in a major proportion of the population. Investigating the possibility that low levels of MIR2 are responsible for this downregulation in the context of viral infection, we found that MIR2 transduction recapitulated the patterns of surface downregulation following de novo infection and that both MIR2 promoter activation, MIR2 expression level, and immune synapse component downregulation were proportional to the concentration of KSHV added to the culture. Additionally, MIR2-specific small interfering RNA reversed the downregulation effects. Finally, using a sensitive, high-throughput assay to detect levels of the virus in individual cells, we also observed that downregulation of MHC class I and ICAM-1 correlated with intracellular viral load. Together, these results suggest that the effects of MIR2 are gene dosage dependent and that low levels of this viral protein contribute to the widespread downregulation of immune-modulating cell surface proteins during the initial stages of KSHV infection.
Cervical cancer screening of female of rural community of Nepal: Knowledge, attitude and practices

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose and Objectives: Cervical cancer is leading female cancer in Nepal. Despite the existence of effective screening using Pap smear, the uptake of screening is poor. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge, lack of availability of services in rural area and low priority of women’s health issue. Objectives of this study were to determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among the women of rural community of Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional population based descriptive study of female attending free health camp in different rural community of Nepal organized by Nepal Cancer Hospital was conducted using self-administered questionnaire to elicit information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, screening behaviors and determinants of cervical cancer. Knowledge is elicited about eligibility for screening and screening interval according to American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines. Practices are evaluated as having ever been screened themselves. Attitudes referred to the various reasons for not getting screened themselves. Results: A total of 500 women participated in this study, out of which 44.4% (228) were either illiterate or just educated up to primary school. Mean age of participates were 40.6±10.3 yrs. 47.4% (238) of women married before age of 18 and 57% (258) women had their first childbirth before age of 21 years. Only 33.8% (169) female knew that cervical cancer is preventable and is curable in early stage. Although 42.6% (213) women heard about Pap smear, only 38.2% (191) knew about eligibility of screening and 11% (55) knew about screening interval. However, knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer was found in 8.2% (41). About 26.8% (134) women had done Pap test at least once. The most common reason for not doing Pap test is they never heard about it (41.8%: 209). The other reason includes do not know where to do (9.6%: 48); never adviced by doctor (9%: 45); embarrassment (2.4%: 12); fear of finding out cancer (3.2%: 16) and do not have any symptoms (2.4%: 12). Conclusions: The study revealed low cervical cancer knowledge and poor screening behavior among the women. This may be suggestive of even poorer awareness and screening and practices among older women who are less educated or with no education.
195Pt-NMR Evidence for Opening of Partial Charge-Density-Wave Gap in Layered LaPt2Si2with CaBe2Ge2Structure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We carried out 195Pt-NMR measurements for a single-crystal LaPt2Si2, which is expected to show the coexistence of a superconducting state and a charge density wave (CDW) state. LaPt2Si2 crystallizes to a quasi-two-dimensional CaBe2Ge2-type crystal structure consisting of two types of Pt2Si2 layers: Pt1 and Pt2. From both the Knight shift, 195K, and the NMR relaxation rate divided by the temperature, 1/T1T, the electronic density of states at the Fermi level, N(εF), for only the Pt1 site decreases below the CDW transition temperature T* = 112 K, whereas N(εF) for the Pt2 site does not change. These results suggest that the CDW occurs only in the Pt1 layers below 112 K. Furthermore, above T*, we also found that both 195K and 1/T1T decrease upon cooling only for the Pt1 site. The temperature dependences of K and 1/T1T for the Pt1 site can be explained by assuming a two bands model consisting of a wide band and a narrow band near the Fermi level. The CDW transition is expected to occur only in the narrow band of the Pt1 site, while the wide band of the Pt1-site does not contribute to the CDW transition. The present result strongly indicates that the CDW gap opens partially at the Fermi surface.