jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synergistic proliferation induced by insulin and glycated serum albumin in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia may play roles in the development of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Clinically, their effects seem to be synergic. However, few studies have focused on the synergistic action of these factors. In the present study, we investigated whether glycated serum albumin (GSA) has a synergistic effect with insulin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMCs were isolated from rat thoracic aortas and cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free medium for 24 h, then exposed to GSA, insulin or GSA + insulin for 48 h with or without pretreatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Cell growth rate was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay or cell counting. The changes of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK and phosphorylated-C-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) were measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that only p38 MAPK, but not JNK was activated by GSA and insulin co-incubation. VSMC proliferation was increased by insulin (10-1000 nmol/L) or GSA (10, 100 microg/mL). Co-incubation of insulin (100 nmol/L) and GSA (100 mug/mL) caused a more potent increase in VSMC proliferation than insulin or GSA incubation alone. p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, as well as NAC, could inhibit the VSMC proliferation induced by co-incubation of GSA and insulin. The results show that insulin enhances GSA-induced VSMC proliferation, which may be mediated through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-p38 MAPK pathway. The synergism of AGEs and insulin may play a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis.
Impact of livestock activity on near-surface ground temperatures in central Mongolian grasslands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Grazing by livestock can alter the surface conditions at grassland sites, impacting the transfer of energy between the atmosphere and ground and consequentially ground temperatures. In this study, we investigate surface cover in summer and winter and measure ground surface temperatures over 14 months at sites in central Mongolia that feature different grazing intensities (intensely and ungrazed) and topographic aspects (north- and south-facing). Overall, intense grazing leads to a substantially reduced vegetation cover, altered snow conditions, and lack of surface litter accumulation. Comparing intensely grazed and ungrazed plots shows large seasonal differences in ground surface temperatures, with grazed plots being up to +5.1 °C warmer in summer and −5.4 °C colder in winter at a south-facing site. We also find that the effect of grazing intensity depends on topographic aspect, with smaller seasonal differences of +1.4 °C and −2.5 °C found between grazed and ungrazed plots at a north-facing site. This relates to the lower available solar radiation at north-facing sites, which reduces the differences in vegetation cover between open and fenced plots. For both aspects, the seasonal differences largely offset each other, with both a small net cooling and warming depending on effects in spring and autumn. Our study suggests that livestock management could be used to modify the annual ground temperature dynamics, possibly even influencing local permafrost dynamics.
Tears of Sorrow: Healing the Heartbroken

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lecture given Saturday, June 26, 2004 at Abilene Christian University: "We live in a world of broken hearts only Jesus can mend. A man of sorrows, filled with compassion for God's children, Jesus calls us to respond with the same tenderness that changed the lives of the outcasts of His day. He calls us to cry for the brokenness in each other's lives and to rejoice over the captives being set free. Come explore what it means to be broken and how glorious it feels to be set free!"
Probabilistic approach to calculating the measure of uncertainty in computational problems of management, economics and finance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract An approach to calculating the measure of uncertainty in computational problems of management, Economics and Finance is proposed. The approach consists of direct and inverse problems. In the direct problem, the values of the uncertainty measure of the desired quantities are calculated from the known values of the uncertainty measure of known quantities. In the inverse problem, the values of the vagueness measure of the source data are searched for, at which the specified values of the vagueness measure of the desired values are provided. The inverse problem is Hadamard ill-posed problem, and an additional condition is involved for its solution in the form of the principle of equal influences. A definition of “soft” computing is given within the framework of the paradigms of econometrics and the theory of errors [1]. The approach proposed in this paper to calculating the uncertainty measure in a direct problem is compared with the approach of fuzzy set theory and soft computing by L. Zadeh [2]. Two examples of calculating the measure of vagueness of the desired values are discussed: in the dealer problem (training example) and in the problem of evaluating the attractiveness of a real investment project. It is concluded that when conducting financial, economic and managerial calculations in a situation of vagueness, the discussed probabilistic approach should be used, which delivers elegant and easy-to-interpret results. The paper concludes with the application of a probabilistic approach to estimating the measure of vagueness of endogenous variables in descriptive models.
Nealcidion trivittatum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

53. Nealcidion trivittatum (Bates, 1863) Type locality — Venezuela. (MNHN). Distribution — Venezuela. Alcidion trivittatum Bates, 1863: 109; Lameere, 1883: 280 (distr.). Nealcidion trivittatum; Monné, 1977: 700.
Isotropic wavelets: a powerful tool to extract point sources from cosmic microwave background maps

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is the aim of this paper to introduce the use of isotropic wavelets to detect and determine the flux of point sources appearing in CMB maps. The most suited wavelet to detect point sources filtered with a Gaussian beam is the Mexican Hat. An analytical expression of the wavelet coefficient obtained in the presence of a point source is provided and used in the detection and flux estimation methods presented. For illustration the method is applied to two simulations (assuming Planck Mission characteristics) dominated by CMB (100 GHz) and dust (857 GHz) as these will be the two signals dominating at low and high frequency respectively in the Planck channels. We are able to detect bright sources above 1.58 Jy at 857 GHz (82% of all sources) and above 0.36 Jy at 100 GHz (100% of all) with errors in the flux estimation below 25%. The main advantage of this method is that nothing has to be assumed about the underlying field, i.e. about the nature and properties of the signal plus noise present in the maps. This is not the case in the detection method presented by Tegmark and Oliveira-Costa 1998. Both methods are compared producing similar results.
Effects of Octapressin on Portal Venous Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

octapressinの門脈圧下降作用を追求する目的で,2例の肝硬変症例および2例の慢性肝炎症例に,同剤の微量緩速点滴静注を行なった.同剤の注入開始後1～2分で閉塞肝静脈圧の下降が始まり,10分以内に減少率14～45%の下降を示した.同剤の注入量は0.4～1.8単位であったが,下降率は注入量に比例せず,むしろ,投与前の閉塞肝静脈圧の高い症例ほど,大きい減少率を示した.末梢動脈血圧は,13～41%上昇し,脈拍数は28～35%減少した.閉塞肝静脈圧は,同剤注入中止後約30分で前値に復した.副作用として,軽度の腹痛,顔面蒼白,尿意を認めたが,格別の処置なく消失した.
Rwanda’s Agricultural Transformation Revisited: Stagnating Food Production, Systematic Overestimation, and a Flawed Performance Contract System

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The quantitative development of Rwanda’s agriculture in recent years has been widely regarded as a success story. However, a simple statistical analysis of publicly available data shows that food crop production volumes and yields actually stagnated over the last fifteen years. Moreover, agricultural output was significantly overestimated from 2008 to 2013 and then adjusted without explanation in Rwandan and international datasets. As a result, the country’s economic growth numbers are inflated as well. After presenting substantial evidence for these claims, this article discusses why massive food production overestimation occurred. It argues that it likely proliferated due to a flawed performance contract system that incentivized bureaucrats and farmers to tweak the numbers instead of compelling them to achieve actual results. Even more, this inflation prevented early detection of agricultural stagnation and the required policy adjustment. The article concludes that despite its failure to raise yields and the flaws in its governance system, the Rwandan government has achieved a fair amount of progress in state-building and socio-economic development, and that this may eventually lead to more effective policy implementation.
IN VITRO INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY FROM COLCHICINE-TREATED ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCSE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was made to induce polyploidy in ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscse) with 5 methods of colchicine treatment.Best results for inducing tetraploid plantets were obtained when the explants were cultured for 5 days in a medium supplemented with colchicine at 30 mg/L,the induction frequency being 65.0%. Induction frequency was 27.5%,22.5% and 47.5%,respectively, when the leaves were stripped and the bare growth tips were treated with 0.1% colchicine by injection, soaking and embedding with adsorbent cotton.No tetraploid plantets were differentiated in the treatment of colchicine dropping.
Sosyokültürel Faktörler Gebelerin COVID–19 Aşısına Karşı Tereddüdü Etkiliyor mu? Türkiye’de Hastane Odaklı Kesitsel bir Araştırma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: It was aimed to evaluate coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women after the vaccine has been approved for use. Material and Method: This study was a hospital-oriented cross-sectional study. The study universe consisted of 8972 pregnant women. The number of pregnant women included in the study sample was 368. The dependent variable was vaccine hesitancy, whereas the independent variables consisted of the socio-demographic, bio-demographic, and socio-economic characteristics of pregnant women. Chi-square analysis was used for paired comparisons, and logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors. Results: The rate of pregnant women who had vaccine hesitancy was 59.5% in this study. Vaccine hesitancy was 2,470-fold (CI: 1,319-4,625) higher in pregnant women who did not have a formal education than those who had a formal education, 8,136-fold (CI: 3,461-19,122) higher in pregnant women who had a living child in the household than those who did not, 1,776-fold (CI: 1,039-3,035) higher in pregnant women who had a wanted pregnancy than those who had an unwanted one and 7,485-fold (CI: 2,894-19,360), 35 age 4,212 (CI:0,436-1,438) higher in pregnant women who were influenced by the social media than those who were not. In addition, it is 0.626 (CI: -0.469 - -0.445) times protective for women under 19 years of age. Conclusion: Low education level, first pregnancy, desire for pregnancy, and being influenced by social media were the risk factors for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women.
INHIBITION AND ACTIVATION OF ADENYLOSUCCINIC SYNTHETASE BY 8-AZAGUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

8-Azaguanosine triphosphate can function in place of GTP in the reaction catalyzed by adenylosuccinic synthetase. The Michaelis constant and maximal velocity for the reaction obtained with the analogue are lower than those obtained with GTP. As a result, 8-azaGTP increases the reaction rate at low GTP concentrations and inhibits competitively at high GTP concentrations. It is suggested that this type of inhibition might be exploited in the development of chemo-therapeutic analogues specific for tissues containing high concentrations of a coenzyme or metabolite.
Defining the "S" in SERMs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tamoxifen, which opposes estrogen action in some tissues while mimicking its action in others, has reduced breast cancer mortality significantly during the past decade. In their Perspective,
Katzenellenbogen and Katzenellenbogen
discuss new findings (Shang and Brown) that unravel the molecular basis of tamoxifen9s differential activity in breast and uterine tissue.
TRANSFORMATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS: UKRAINIAN CONTEXT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article considers the essence of the concept of "food system", which characterizes all activities related to the production, processing, transportation and consumption of food. Food systems affect every aspect of human existence and therefore cannot be limited to the agricultural sector, but affect our personal health, our families and communities, as well as the health of the environment, our economy and our culture. The involvement of society in the formation of proposals for vectors of food systems in Ukraine in the context of global trends in the national dialogue on food transformation and preparation for the UN Summit on Food Systems 2021 is justified. The interrelation of food systems and all seventeen Sustainable Development Goals, which should be taken into account in the balanced food system of Ukraine, which needs to preserve and increase its food potential in the light of global trends, is revealed. Innovative approaches to the transformation of food systems are proposed. First of all, it concerns such priority areas as healthy nutrition, introduction of environmentally friendly production technologies and resilience to market instability and availability of food for all. The key directions and specific proposals for measures highlighted in the draft Roadmap are considered, namely: increasing attention to digitalization of processes in the agricultural sector, the formation of the State Agrarian Register as a tool to ensure transparency in certain mechanisms of agricultural policy and others. Attention is paid to the need to comply with the established requirements for business processes and food safety, awareness of producers, especially in conditions where the responsibility for product safety is put on the manufacturer. A model of HoReCa recovery after the pandemic by involving small producers and the development of craft technologies is proposed. The need for a balanced approach to the adaptation of the European Green Course for Ukraine, in particular on energy efficiency and sustainable resource management. Key words: food system; transformation; Ukrainian context; healthy food, national dialogue, road map.
Association Between Drinking‐Related Antisocial Behavior and a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene in a Japanese Population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Involvement of the serotoninergic system (S/S) in alcoholism has been suggested in both mice and humans. Previous studies have suggested the S/S genotype of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism to be associated with severe alcohol dependence marked by severe withdrawal symptoms. It has also been associated with alcoholics who exhibit a dissocial personality disorder. Methods: We examined the polymorphism in 166 Japanese alcoholics who experienced withdrawal seizure or delirium and 290 Japanese controls. Results: The S/S genotype was not increased in the patients. Exploratory analyses showed significantly less frequent S allele and S/S genotype frequencies in the alcoholics with a history of drinking‐related arrests than in the controls ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.03, respectively), perhaps reflecting previously reported harm avoidance personality traits associated with S/S. Alcoholics with the L allele had a significantly earlier onset of alcohol dependence than those with the S/S genotype ( p = 0.01). Conclusions: The present study failed to provide supportive evidence for an association of the S/S genotype with severe alcoholism marked by physical withdrawal symptoms or with antisocial behaviors among the Japanese. Although our data support involvement of the central serotoninergic system in some types of alcoholism, the potential association findings of this study emerged as only exploratory and, therefore, should be understood as tentative until replicated in other studies.
An Analytic Solution for 2D Heat Conduction Problems with Space–Time-Dependent Dirichlet Boundary Conditions and Heat Sources

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a closed-form solution for the two-dimensional (2D) transient heat conduction in a rectangular cross-section of an infinite bar with space–time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions and heat sources. The main purpose of this study is to eliminate the limitations of the previous study and add heat sources to the heat conduction system. The restriction of the previous study is that the values of the boundary conditions and initial conditions at the four corners of the rectangular region should be zero. First, the boundary value problem of 2D heat conduction system is transformed into a dimensionless form. Second, the dimensionless temperature function is transformed so that the temperatures at the four endpoints of the boundary of the rectangular region become zero. Dividing the system into two one-dimensional (1D) subsystems and solving them by combining the proposed shifting function method with the eigenfunction expansion theorem, the complete solution in series form is obtained through the superposition of the subsystem solutions. Three examples are studied to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of the method. For convenience, the space–time-dependent functions used in the examples are considered separable in the space–time domain. The linear, parabolic, and sine functions are chosen as the space-dependent functions, and the sine, cosine, and exponential functions are chosen as the time-dependent functions. The solutions in the literature are used to verify the correctness of the solutions derived using the proposed method, and the results are completely consistent. The parameter influence of the time-dependent function of the boundary conditions and heat sources on the temperature variation is also investigated. The time-dependent function includes exponential type and harmonic type. For the exponential time-dependent function, a smaller decay constant of the time-dependent function leads to a greater temperature drop. For the harmonic time-dependent function, a higher frequency of the time-dependent function leads to a more frequent fluctuation of the temperature change.
Protection of propofol on cultured PC12 cells impaired by N-methyl-D-aspartate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM To evaluate the possible mechanism of the protective effect on brain of propofol. METHODS Cellular viability was detected using lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) assay and MTT assay. Meanwhile, the the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration([Ca 2+ ] i) was detected by Fura 2/AM fluorescence method and the activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. RESULTS After exposing to N methyl D aspartate(NMDA) 300 μmol·L -1 for 4 h, the release of LDH in PC12 cells was increased and the values of A 570 nm (MTT assay) decreased, which indicated that NMDA induced impairment in PC12 cells, whereas in the presence of propofol 6.25, 25, 100, 400 μmol·L -1 for 4 h, the LDH was decreased and the values of A 570 nm increased. Furthermore, exposing to NMDA 300 μmol·L -1 for 4 h, [Ca 2+ ] i and the activity of NOS in PC12 cells raised significantly, while treatment with propofol 12.5, 125 μmol·L -1 simultaneously decreased the [Ca 2+ ] i and the activity of NOS, compared with NMDA group. CONCLUSION Propofol can attenuate the NMDA induced impairment of PC12 cells, decrease the Ca 2+ overloading and the activity of NOS in PC12 cells treated with NMDA. Effects of propofol on the overload of the [Ca 2+ ] i and the inhibition of NOS in PC12 cells may be one of the mechanisms for this protective action.
Typifications, a new synonym and new distribution data in Ficaria (Ranunculaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lectotypes for five infraspecific names of Ranunculus ficaria (currently known as Ficaria verna s.str.) (Ranunculaceae) described by Hugo Zapałowicz are proposed. Four of these names are established synonyms of Ficaria verna s.str. Ranunculus ficaria var. bessarabicus is considered to be a new synonym of F. grandiflora, which is newly recorded for Moldova. Revised syntypes represent three species of Ficaria: F. verna s.str., F. grandiflora, and F. calthifolia. The exact dates of publication for parts 12 and 13 of Zapałowicz’s work entitled Conspectus florae Galiciae criticus published in the journal Rozprawy Wydziału Matematyczno-Przyrodniczego Akademii Umiejętności, Seria III, Dział B. Nauki Biologiczne are corrected based on the publisher’s catalogue.
Initial In-Flight Error Rates for 16-MB SRAM as Flying on the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In-flight static random access memory (SRAM) single bit error (SBE) rates are compared to a series of rate prediction methods in an effort to demonstrate methods for uncertainty propagation and reduction. Supplier ground test data are statistically processed via Monte Carlo methods and considering detailed 3-D spacecraft-level geometries. In-flight rates are considered for the UT8R4M39 SRAM flying in NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft avionics single board computer (SBC) prior to impacting the asteroid Dimorphos.