jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Dilemma of Human Cloning in Islamic Theology: A Critique of the Uniqueness of Human Creation and Implications for Maqashid al-Shariah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyse the ethical and theological dilemmas of human cloning within the context of Islamic theology, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses to the principles of Maqashid al-Shariah. With increasing advancements in cloning technology, this research becomes crucial to identify the ethical and spiritual implications of creating genetically identical life forms. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach with an in-depth case study, exploring primary sources such as the Quran, Hadith, and exegesis, as well as related academic literature on bioethics in Islam. Data was collected through extensive literature review and analysed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model that focuses on data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that human cloning raises serious questions about the uniqueness of human creation, life integrity, and genetic diversity, all key elements in Maqashid al-Shariah. It was also found that cloning challenges the exclusive boundaries of divine creation, potentially diminishing the sanctity and uniqueness of the created individual. The discussion in this study underscores the conflict between technological advancements and the ethical values held in Islam, highlighting the need for dialogue between scientists, policymakers, and the religious community. The recommendation from this study is the need for a policy framework that considers the principles of ethical sustainability in cloning technology to maintain a balance between technological benefits and the protection of religious values and ethics.
Inter-relationship between radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint deformities in rheumatoid arthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The roentgen evaluation of 96 rheumatoid hands and wrists, supplemented with anatomic and pathologic material from cadavers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, allowed evaluation of deformities at the radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal articulations. Measurements of specific coordinates in these patients were compared to those in "controls" and, despite significant error introduced by variability in patient positioning during radiography, definite inter-relationships between radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal malalignments became evident. Radial deviation at the wrist was associated with ulnar deviation of the digits producing the "zig-zig" deformity of the rheumatoid hand. The pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of the roentgen findings are discussed.
CARTIER INTERNATIONAL AG v BRITISH SKY BROADCASTING LTD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

H1 Trade marks – Website blocking injunctions – Counterfeit goods – Intermediaries – Internet service providers – Jurisdiction – No specific implementation of art.11 of the Enforcement Directive for trade mark cases – Scope of jurisdiction under s.37(1) Senior Courts Act 1981 – Threshold conditions – Whether blocking injunctions “provided for by law” – Principles to be applied – Necessity for the relief sought – Proportionality – Whether effective alternative measures available – Costs of implementation – Appeal to Court of Appeal
The Politics of Chinese Media: Consensus and Contestation Bingchun Meng New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018 xi + 225 pp. $62.50 ISBN 978-1-137-46213-8

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Chemical thinning of apple varieties

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bioengineering the regenerative heart may provide a novel treatment for heart failure. On May 14, 2002, a 55-year-old man suffering from ischemic myocardial infarction received 25 injections carrying 465 million cGMP-produced pure myoblasts into his myocardium after coronary artery bypass grafting. As on August 28, 2002, his EKG was normal and showed no arrhythmia. His ejection fraction increased by 13%. He no longer experienced shortness of breath and angina as he did before the treatment. Three myogenesis mechanisms were elucidated with 17 human/porcine xenografts using cyclosporine as immunosuppressant. Some myoblasts developed to become cardiomyocytes. Others transferred their nuclei into host cardiomyocytes through natural cell fusion. As yet others formed skeletal myofibers with satellite cells. De novo production of contractile filaments augmented the heart contractility. Human myoblasts transduced with VEGF165 gene produced six times more capillaries in porcine myocardium than in placebo. Xenograft rejection was not observed for up to 20 weeks despite cyclosporine discontinuation at 6 weeks. Pros and cons of autografts vs. allografts are compared to guide future development of heart cell therapy.
Automatic Generation of Complex Properties for Hardware Designs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Property checking is a promising approach to prove the correctness of today's complex designs. However, in practice this requires the formulation of formal properties which is a time consuming and non-trivial task. Therefore the acceptance and efficiency of formal verification techniques can be raised by an automated support for formulating design properties. In this paper we propose a new methodology to automatically generate complex properties for a given design. The tool, Dianosis, implements this methodology by analyzing a simulation trace. The extracted properties describe the abstract design behavior and are presented in a format that is easy to read and can be added to the set of properties used for formal or assertion-based verification. We provide experimental results on industrial hardware designs that show the effectiveness of Dianosis and motivate the practical use.
Positive-Buoyancy Rover for Under Ice Mobility

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A buoyant rover has been developed to traverse the underside of ice-covered lakes and seas. The rover operates at the ice/water interface and permits direct observation and measurement of processes affecting freeze- over and thaw events in lake and marine environments. Operating along the 2- D ice-water interface simplifies many aspects of underwater exploration, especially when compared to submersibles, which have difficulty in station-keeping and precision mobility. The buoyant rover consists of an all aluminum body with two aluminum sawtooth wheels. The two independent body segments are sandwiched between four actuators that permit isolation of wheel movement from movement of the central tether spool. For normal operations, the wheels move while the tether spool feeds out line and the cameras on each segment maintain a user-controlled fixed position. Typically one camera targets the ice/water interface and one camera looks down to the lake floor to identify seep sources. Each wheel can be operated independently for precision turning and adjustments. The rover is controlled by a touch- tablet interface and wireless goggles enable real-time viewing of video streamed from the rover cameras. The buoyant rover was successfully deployed and tested during an October 2012 field campaign to investigate methane trapped in ice in lakes along the North Slope of Alaska.
Digitalization of Insurance Business Processes on Life Insurance Sales Productivity

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Digital transformation in the insurance industry has become a crucial strategy for improving business efficiency and enhancing sales performance. This study examines the impact of business process digitalization on the productivity of life insurance sales, with agent work efficiency and technology adaptation as mediating variables. The research adopts a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design, using purposive sampling to collect data from insurance agents at MRT Agency- Prudential Indonesia who actively use the PruForce mobile application. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to evaluate the relationships between variables. The findings indicate that business process digitalization positively influences sales productivity, both directly and indirectly, through increased work efficiency and agent technology adaptation. Agents who efficiently manage their tasks and quickly adapt to digital tools demonstrate higher sales performance. These results highlight the importance of equipping agents with appropriate training and technological support to maximize the benefits of digitalization in the insurance sector. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on digital transformation in financial services specifically in the insurance sector and provides practical insights for insurance companies to enhance digital adoption strategies among their sales force
Age-standardized incidence, mortality rates, mortality-to-incidence ratios, and disability-adjusted life years for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the European Union 15 + countries, Australia, and United States of America.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e19052 Background: Though acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been described historically more frequently in children, its burden has been increasing in adults. Therefore we aimed to describe ALL's age-standardized rates in incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) between 1990-2019 between countries with comparable healthcare structure. Methods: Using the International Classification of Diseases versions 10 and 9, we extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease Study database for European Union (EU 15+) countries, Australia and USA. Individual countries' ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs stratified by sex were extracted for 1990-2019, and mortality-to-incidence indices (MII) were calculated. The indices were reported per 100,000 people. Results: ASIRs increased globally (males +60.35%, females +57.02%) as well as in all countries, with the highest in Portugal for males (+315.4%) and females (+195.06%). ASIR increase was less than global aggregate figures in Australia and Norway. USA had decreasing ASIR for males (-19%) and minimal change in females (+1%). ASMR decreased globally (males -15.75%, females -21.45%), all countries had decreasing ASMR across males and females with the highest decrease for males in Denmark (-56.28%) and females in Portugal (-56.16%). More importantly, MII had decreased globally, reaching 50% change both in males and females. USA observed lesser decrease in MII for males (-11%) and females (-24%) whereas all other EU countries and Australia had larger changes ( > 50%). Though Italy had the highest ASIR (males 11.54, females 8.33) as well as ASMR (males 0.71, females 0.46) in 2019, its MII had large changes (males -70%, females -54%). DALYs decreased in males (-20.23%) and females (-26.86%) globally. Decrease in Australia was more pronounced in Australia (males -50%, females -47%) than USA (males -36%, females -30%) and many other EU countries. Greece had smallest decrease in DALYs (males -16.04%) and Austria (females -16.92%). Conclusions: Though the incidence is increasing, mortality of ALL is decreasing globally for males and females. MII and DALYs have also decreased for males and females despite increased ASIR. This reflects the success on multiple fronts including precise diagnosis and prognostication, and the utility of dose-intensive chemotherapy, which can achieve sustainable complete remission. Implementing monoclonal antibodies in first-line treatment over the next few years will improve disease control.
OUTLINE OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE DOMESTIC RABBIT MANAGEMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANIMAL PROTECTION AND WELFARE CONSIDERATIONS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The following recommendations on animal species appropriate management in housing and care for domestic rabbits, kept under supervision and responsibility of humans were drafted and compiled by executive members of the World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA) in connection with international agreed specialists in practice and science of breeding and management, biology and pathology of rabbits including rabbit diseases control. The recommendations shall be the general and world-wide competent guideline for correct rabbit housing and care in regard of the appreciated rules of animal welfare and protection against cruelties.
Fig. 4 in Flight patterns and sex ratio of beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 4. Circular histogram showing peak flight activity of: (A) Cyclocephala cearae; (B) C. distincta; (C) Dyscinetus dubius; (D) Stenocrates holomelanus; (E) C. paraguayensis; (F) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) cuniculus, during one year of collection using light trap at Campo de Instrução Marechal Newton Cavalcanti, Abreu e Lima, PE, Brazil. Black line = mean vector and confidence interval.
Upstream domains of the Xenopus laevis rDNA promoter are revealed in microinjected oocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The DNA sequences involved in promoting transcription of the Xenopus laevis rRNA genes were determined by microinjecting a series of deletion mutants into oocyte nuclei. A very small promoter region is sufficient to direct efficient transcription when templates are microinjected at high rDNA concentration, since 5'delta- 9 and 3'delta +6 templates are fully active. However, as the concentration of injected template is decreased, an increasing requirement for upstream domains, extending to nucleotide approximately -170, is observed. The major downstream border of the required region does not change. This apparently expanding 5' promoter border results from the fact that, as the rDNA concentration is decreased, transcription from templates lacking the upstream promoter domain falls off much more sharply than does transcription from a complete promoter. In fact, the deleted promoters are virtually inactive below a threshold rDNA concentration. It is indeed the rDNA concentration that is important, for coinjected vector DNA does not increase the level of transcription obtained from low concentrations of the 5' deletions. From these data we conclude that polymerase I transcription factors can recognize and initiate transcription from a small core promoter domain, but that sequences extending upstream to nucleotide approximately -170 increase the efficiency of initiation. A model is presented that could account for these results.
Avaliacao de mulheres com incontinencia urinaria de acordo com a Classificacao Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saude - CIF

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Urinary incontinence highlights any involuntary loss of urine, requiring an encompassing or biopsychosocial assessment of patients, the ICF offers a simplified and objective assessment of human functions and their restrictions. Aims: To use an ICF to assess women diagnosed with UI. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study developed with women with urinary incontinence. Physical evaluation, and through an interview composed of personal data and quality of life questionnaires. Results: Ten women diagnosed with UI were evaluated and 70% had symptoms of urgency. In the physical evaluation, an average grade 3 strength of the pelvic floor was observed. And in relation to the assessment of quality of life through the instruments I-QOL and KHQ, a greater impact was observed on the psychosocial factor, social limitations, personal relationships and on the index of emotions. Conclusion: The assessment based on the ICF adds information on functionality, limitations and psychosocial impact, allows the preparation of a more specific treatment for women with urinary incontinence.
Biophysical investigations of ribonucleotide reductase : Activation and inhibition mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The rates of reduction of the diferric/radical center in mouse ribonucleotide reductase protein R2 were studied by light absorption and EPR in the native protein and in three point mutants of conserved residues involved in the proposed radical transfer pathway (D266A, W103Y) or in the unstructured C terminal domain (Y370W). The pseudo-first order rate constants for chemical reduction of the tyrosyl radical and diferric center by hydroxyurea, sodium dithionite or the dihydro form of flavin adenine dinucleotide, were comparable with or higher (particularly D266A, by dithionite) than in native R2. Molecular modeling of the D266A mutant showed that the iron/radical site should be more accessible for external reductants in the mutant than in native R2. The results indicate that no specific pathway is required for the reduction. The dihydro form of flavin adenine dinucleotide was found to be a very efficient reductant in the studied proteins compared to dithionite alone. The EPR spectra of the mixed-valent Fe(II)Fe(III) sites formed by chemical reduction in the D266A and W103Y mutants were clearly different from the spectrum observed in the native protein, indicating that the structure of the diferric site was affected by the mutations, as also suggested by the modeling study. No difference was observed between the mixed-valent EPR spectra generated by chemical reduction in Y370W mutant and native mouse R2 protein
Miniaturized PIFA for 5G Communication Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper designed a miniaturized Planer Inverted-F Antenna for 5G communication networks including Long Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services. With showing the radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain of the designed Planer Inverted-F Antenna, this paper evaluates its performance. To show the key characteristics of the Planer Inverted-F Antenna, this paper modeled and simulated it with various variances. Moreover, the real Planer Inverted-F Antenna is fabricated, and measurements were done to validate the simulated characteristics of the internal antenna.
SENIOR COMMUNITY CENTER AS A SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT PLATFORM FOR OLDER ADULTS IN NEPAL: AN ADAPTATION OF WESTERN CONCEPT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Older adults around the world are living longer. Similarly, in Asian countries longevity of older adults have significantly altered the demographics shift as well as the cultural landscape and needs of the society. These changes have compounded with challenges and needs as a community grapples with how to best take care of aging population. Nepal, a developing country, is also faced with a similar demographic shift among the geriatric population. This shift has brought challenges and needs to communities such as health care, daily living needs, social support systems, economic needs, etc. The geriatric population will require social support systems as they age. Historically, older adults have relied on traditional family support systems for their care and needs maintaining cultural values and norms which may burden immediate or extended family members. Recently, traditional family structures along with social support systems are breaking away from their family trees due to community advancement and modernization, and many are leaving for better economic opportunities. This trend has left many older adults alone in social isolation. Despite challenges in the community, Nepal government doesn’t offer infrastructure for social engagement for older adults. One solution to prevent isolation and loneliness is to establish “senior community centers” (western based concept) for social engaging older adults. Based on ecological framework, this presentation proposes a need of “Senior Community Centers” for older adults where they can become involved in social engagements and receive social supports outside traditional family support systems; thus, optimizing their health and well-being.
Coronary Artery Disease Doubles Excess Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) varies between countries and there are only limited data on the long‐term impact of CAD in these patients. We examined the association between CAD and mortality in patients with HFrEF undergoing coronary angiography. Methods and Results Using Danish registries, we identified patients with HFrEF (EF ≤40%) undergoing coronary angiography from 2003 to 2016. We estimated 10‐year cumulative incidence proportions and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for all‐cause death, comparing patients with HFrEF with CAD with patients with HFrEF without CAD. Both groups were further compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched general population cohort in a 1:5 ratio. We included 3294 patients with HFrEF, of whom 1436 (44%) had CAD, as well as 16 365 matched general population individuals. Median follow‐up was 5.3 years. Patients with HFrEF with CAD had higher 10‐year mortality than patients with HFrEF without CAD (55% versus 33%; aHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.19–1.59]). These estimates were consistent across ages, whereas greater extent of CAD was associated with higher mortality ( P trend <0.01). Compared with the matched general population, the 10‐year excess mortality was 29% for patients with HFrEF with CAD (55% versus 26%; aHR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.92–2.48]), and 15% for patients with HFrEF without CAD (33% versus 17%; aHR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.63–2.14]). Conclusions Presence and extent of CAD are strongly associated with all‐cause mortality in patients with HFrEF and, when compared with a matched general population, presence of CAD doubles excess mortality. This highlights the importance of CAD assessment for prognostication in patients with HFrEF.
Mapping the Knowledge Economy of Medicinal Plants in Northern Madagascar: Information and Resource Flow in Traditional Health Practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the wake of pharmaceutical success with alkaloid compounds found in the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), there has been increased attention towards identifying medicinal properties in the country’s rich flora. Both native and foreign companies seek profitable use of wild plant species found within Madagascar’s unique biodiversity. Many conservation organizations believe that the world’s forests in biological “hot spots” contain cures unknown to modern science and therefore, their preservation essential.\nWhile the protection of these natural resources is important to Western medicine, it is even more vital for local people who depend on the forest as their primary source of healthcare. According to the World Health Organization, 80% of people in the developing world rely on traditional medicine (2007). The traditional healthcare system in Northern Madagascar, often called “aody gasy,” is a complex network of culture, tradition, health and knowledge that has sustained itself for generations, before the presence of Western medicine on the island. As modern medicine extends its reach into less developed countries, it is important to preserve these increasingly marginalized systems of knowledge and healing. This case study examines how the traditional healthcare system works in Northern Madagascar by following medicinal plant resources and their associated knowledge between Diego-Suarez’ medicinal plant marketplace and rural surrounding areas.