jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral Administration of Zinc Sulfate with Intramuscular Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Enhances Mucosal and Systemic Immunity

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains a significant global threat to livestock farming. Current commercial FMD vaccines present several challenges, including the risk of infection and adverse injection site reactions due to oil-based adjuvants. The complex immune environment of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue has the potential to induce broad and diverse immune responses. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential of zinc sulfate as an oral adjuvant to enhance intestinal mucosal immunity and complement the effects of intramuscular (IM) FMD vaccination. Methods: We conducted serological analyses on mice and pigs, measuring secretory IgA (sIgA) levels and evaluating the expression of mucosal immunity-related genes in pigs. These assessments were used to investigate the systemic and mucosal immune responses induced by oral zinc sulfate administration in combination with an IM FMD vaccine. Results: This combination strategy significantly increased structural protein antibody titers and virus neutralization titers in experimental animals (mice) and target animals (pigs) across early, mid-, and long-term periods. Additionally, this approach enhanced the expression of key cytokines associated with mucosal immunity and increased sIgA levels, which are critical markers of mucosal immunity. Conclusions: Oral zinc sulfate administration may synergize with inactivated FMD vaccines, leading to sustained and enhanced long-term immune responses. This novel strategy could reduce the frequency of required vaccinations or allow for a lower antigen dose in vaccines, effectively stimulating the mucosal immune system and boosting systemic immunity. This approach has the potential to improve the overall efficacy of commercial FMD vaccines.
Inhibition of chitin synthesis in an insect cell‐line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An epithelial cell‐line from Chironomus tentans, able to synthesise chitin in considerable amounts, was used as a test system to study the influence of tunicamycin (I 20 =750 nM), the benzoylphenylurea derivative SIR 8514 (I 50 =100 nM), oligomycin (I 50 =200 nM), avermectin (I 50 =5 μM) and nikkomycin Z (I 50 ,=50 μM) on the rate of glucosamine incorporation into chitin. Chitin synthesis was diminished by application of 20‐hydroxyecdysone.
Re: Fourteen Babies Born after Round Spermatid Injection into Human Oocytes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous studies showed that, compared with men with late maturation arrest (MA), men diagnosed with early MA had a decreased sperm recovery rates by testicular sperm extraction (TESE).In this study, the authors classified patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) as either early or late, and focal or diffuse and compare sperm recovery rates by a single surgeon using micro TESE operation technique.Early MA was defined in patients whose pathology results showed spermatogenetic arrest at the spermatogonia or spermatocyte stage; and late MA in those arrest occurred at spermatid stage.On biopsy, MA may also vary in its heterogeneity from focal to diffuse pattern in whole seminiferous tubule of the pathology sample.The authors concluded that men with late and focal MA have a higher sperm recovery rate as compared to men with early and diffuse MA.In the presence of MA pathology, a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may predict heterogeneity of testicular tissue.The authors advise the clinicians to be aware of those men with normal FSH and normal testicular volume, with NOA, may have particularly poor sperm recovery rate.
Culicoides grandensis Grogan & Phillips

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Culicoides grandensis Grogan & Phillips (Fig. 4B) Diagnosis. The only species of C. (Monoculicoides) lacking spicules on the dorsal apotome (Fig. 4B). Description. Male. Unknown. Female. Total length = 2.77 mm (n=1). Light brown coloration throughout. Head: Dorsal apotome (DA) without spicules (Fig. 4B), DA length = 0.23 mm (n=1), ventral margin of the DA not extending past the DA–1–H apex; DA width = 0.20 mm (n=1); DAW/DAL = 0.87 (n=1). CL–1–H long, thin, CL–2–H not visible, O–4–H not visible. Thorax: 1.05 mm (n=1). Respiratory organ (RO), elongate, slender, with 3–4 subbasal pores, RO length = 0.30 mm (n=1); RO width = 0.04 mm (n=1); ROW/ROL = 0.13 (n=1), D–1–T, D–2–T stout, each on elongate, rounded tubercle,, D–5–T short, on small rounded tubercle Abdomen: Tergite 1 with long D– 3–I and D– 2–I, D– 7–I anterior, campaniform D– 4–I, thin D– 8–I, and long, thin D– 9–I posteriorly, L– 2–I, L– 3–I short separated medially by long, thin L– 1–I on lateral margin. Shagreen along the anterior margins of segments 2–9, without lateral shagreen. Chaetotaxy of tergite 2 difficult to discern. Chaetotaxy of segment 3 similar to that of segment 4. Tergite 4 with D– 2–IV on small tubercle, thin D– 3–IV on elongate, pointed tubercle, D– 5–IV, D– 4–IV, D– 7–IV, D– 8–IV, D– 9–IV in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally, minute D– 5–IV on small tubercle, D– 4–IV on small rounded tubercle, D– 7–IV on small rounded tubercle, D– 8–IV, D– 9–IV each long on elongate pointed tubercle, D– 8–IV seta thicker than D– 9–IV; lateral tubercles elongate with short, blunt apices, L– 1–IV long, stout seta on small rounded tubercle, L– 2–IV, L– 4–IV stout setae, each on elongate bifurcate tubercle, separated by thin L– 3–IV on elongate pointed tubercle,; sternite 4 with minute V– 5–IV on small rounded tubercle, V– 6–IV thin on small tubercle, V– 7–IV on small tubercle, ventral setae in transverse row. Chaetotaxy of segments 5–7 similar to that of segment 4. Segment 8 chaetotaxy with seven sensilla on reduced tubercle, without lateral shagreen, Segment 9 with anterior margin not strongly modified Taxonomic discussion. With only one pupal exuviae to examine, we cannot report any variation. For the available specimen, CL–2–H was not visible, and it was difficult to discern the shagreen and chaetotaxy of abdominal segment 2. There was a lack of overall shagreen compared to the other members of this subgenus, and it is the only member without any spicules on the dorsal apotome. The tubercles of L–1 on each segment are rounded whereas in all other species of C. (Monoculicoides) examined; these tubercles are pointed or bifurcate. The tubercles of L–2 and L–4 of each segment are similar to most members of the subgenus, contrasting the most with those of C. sonorensis whose lateral tubercle apices are elongate and slender. This species is known only from southeastern Utah. Material examined: ALLOTYPE female #3660 (USNM), USA, Utah, Grand Co, near Cisco, margin of alkaline stream, VI.30.1958, R.H. Jones.
Molecular chaperones: from proteostasis to pathogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for a functional proteome. A wide range of extrinsic and intrinsic factors perturb proteostasis, causing protein misfolding, misassembly, and aggregation. This compromises cellular integrity and leads to aging and disease, including neurodegeneration and cancer. At the cellular level, protein aggregation is counteracted by powerful mechanisms comprising of a cascade of enzymes and chaperones that operate in a coordinated multistep manner to sense, prevent, and/or dispose of aberrant proteins. Although these processes are well understood for soluble proteins, there is a major gap in our understanding of how cells handle misfolded or aggregated membrane proteins. This article provides an overview of cellular proteostasis with emphasis on membrane protein substrates and suggests host–virus interaction as a tool to clarify outstanding questions in proteostasis.
Plant γ-Tubulin Interacts with αβ-Tubulin Dimers and Forms Membrane-Associated Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

gamma-Tubulin is assumed to participate in microtubule nucleation in acentrosomal plant cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we show that gamma-tubulin is present in protein complexes of various sizes and different subcellular locations in Arabidopsis and fava bean. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an association of gamma-tubulin with alphabeta-tubulin dimers. gamma-Tubulin cosedimented with microtubules polymerized in vitro and localized along their whole length. Large gamma-tubulin complexes resistant to salt treatment were found to be associated with a high-speed microsomal fraction. Blue native electrophoresis of detergent-solubilized microsomes showed that the molecular mass of the complexes was >1 MD. Large gamma-tubulin complexes were active in microtubule nucleation, but nucleation activity was not observed for the smaller complexes. Punctate gamma-tubulin staining was associated with microtubule arrays, accumulated with short kinetochore microtubules interacting in polar regions with membranes, and localized in the vicinity of nuclei and in the area of cell plate formation. Our results indicate that the association of gamma-tubulin complexes with dynamic membranes might ensure the flexibility of noncentrosomal microtubule nucleation. Moreover, the presence of other molecular forms of gamma-tubulin suggests additional roles for this protein species in microtubule organization.
Disease Suppression and Growth Promotion in Douglas-fir Seedlings by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Laccaria laccata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In pot tests, primary roots of Douglas-fir seedlings germinating in soil were inoculated by soil injection with suspensions of Laccaria laccata and (or) Trichoderma sp., or Pseudomonas cepacia , or were treated with benomyl fungicide applied as soil drenches. The root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum was introduced 7-10 days after these treatments. All three organisms and the fungicide suppressed disease. L. laccata protected as well as the fungicidal drenches and better than the nonmycorrhizal biocontrol agents. The protected seedlings, in comparison to those exposed only to the pathogen, had fewer root lesions, yielded fewer colonies of F. oxysporum in isolations from roots, had longer roots at 8 wk and greater heights and weights at 14-20 wk. Only L. laccata prevented needle curling, a nonspecific symptom of stress in Douglas-fir seedlings. In the absence of F. oxysporum , L. laccata caused dry weight increase up to 55 percent greater than that of nonmycorrhizal plants after 12 wk. Where the pathogen was present, L. laccata caused weight increase 24 percent greater than that of benomyl treated plants and 102 percent greater than untreated plants after 14 wk. Top/root ratios indicated selective stimulation of top growth by the mycorrhizal fungus concomitant with the formation of ectomycorrhizae. Forest Sci. 28:191-201.
Plastid Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal the Taxonomic Position of Peucedanum franchetii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peucedanum franchetii is a famous folk medicinal plant in China. However, the taxonomy of the P. franchetii has not been sufficiently resolved. Due to similar morphological features between P. franchetii and Ligusticopsis members, the World Flora Online (WFO) Plant List suggested that this species transformed into the genus Ligusticopsis and merged with Ligusticopsis likiangensis. However, both species are obviously diverse in leaf shape, bracts, and bracteoles. To check the taxonomic position of P. franchetii, we newly sequenced and assembled the plastome of P. franchetii and compared it with nine other plastomes of the genus Ligusticopsis. Ten plastomes were highly conserved and similar in gene order, codon bias, RNA editing sites, IR borders, and SSRs. Nevertheless, 10 mutation hotspot regions (infA, rps8, matK, ndhF, rps15, psbA-trnH, rps2-rpoC2, psbA-trnK, ycf2-trnL, and ccsA-ndhD) were still detected. In addition, both phylogenetic analyses based on plastome data and ITS sequences robustly supported that P. franchetii was not clustered with members of Peucedanum but nested in Ligusticopsis. P. franchetii was sister to L. likiangensis in the ITS topology but clustered with L. capillacea in the plastome tree. These findings implied that P. franchetii should be transferred to genus Ligusticopsis and not merged with L. likiangensis, but as an independent species, which was further verified by morphological evidences. Therefore, transferring P. franchetii under the genus Ligusticopsis as an independent species was reasonable, and a new combination was presented.
Performance analysis and projections for Petascale applications on Cray XT series systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Petascale Cray XT5 system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Leadership Computing Facility (LCF) shares a number of system and software features with its predecessor, the Cray XT4 system including the quad-core AMD processor and a multi-core aware MPI library. We analyze performance of scalable scientific applications on the quad-core Cray XT4 system as part of the early system access using a combination of micro-benchmarks and Petascale ready applications. Particularly, we evaluate impact of key changes that occurred during the dual-core to quad-core processor upgrade on applications behavior and provide projections for the next-generation massively-parallel platforms with multi-core processors, specifically for proposed Petascale Cray XT5 system. We compare and contrast the quad-core XT4 system features with the upcoming XT5 system and discuss strategies for improving scaling and performance for our target applications.
Successful direct clipping of the bleeding source of a colonic diverticular hemorrhage using the “long-hood gel-filling” method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although various endoscopic hemostasis techniques for colonic diverticular bleeding have recently been reported [1], identifying the bleeding diverticulum among other diverticula is difficult [2], and identifying the bleeding vessels within the diverticulum is even more difficult. The usefulness of a long hood (MAJ663; Olympus) [3] and endoscopic-viewing gel (VISCOCLEAR) [4] [5] when identifying the bleeding diverticulum has recently been reported. Here, we report successful direct clipping of the bleeding source for a colonic diverticular hemorrhage using a long hood and gel (the "long-hood gel-filling method").
Comprehensive management strategies for amivantamab-induced toxicities and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) comprising 85–90% of cases, most commonly adenocarcinoma. Key mutations include EGFR Exon 19 deletions and Exon 21 L858R. While third-generation TKIs like osimertinib, lazertinib, and aumolertinib are effective, resistance often arises. Amivantamab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR and c-MET, shows promise, particularly against EGFR Exon 20 insertions. Objective To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the adverse effects associated with amivantamab in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, including their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence-based management strategies. In addition, this review aims to contextualize the clinical relevance of amivantamab by briefly outlining the therapeutic evolution of EGFR-targeted treatments, highlighting the rationale for its development, and current positioning in treatment paradigms. Methods A comprehensive review of clinical trials, including CHRYSALIS, PAPILLON, MARIPOSA, and PALOMA-III, was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of amivantamab. Practical and early insights into managing adverse effects of amivantamab are critical to better adherence and quality of life. Results Adverse effects were observed in most of the patients treated with amivantamab. Common side effects included cutaneous toxicities, diarrhea, infusion-related reactions (IRRs), vascular thrombosis and pneumonitis. The most frequent cutaneous side effects were rash, paronychia, pruritis, and stomatitis. Diarrhea occurred in patients primarily due to EGFR inhibition. IRRs were predominantly mild to moderate, occurring mainly during the first cycle. Thrombosis was a notable adverse effect observed, even in patients receiving anticoagulant prophylaxis. Pneumonitis was less common but severe. Management Adverse effects of amivantamab are managed based on severity. Cutaneous toxicities are treated with antibiotics, topical steroids, and dose adjustments. Diarrhea is managed with hydration, loperamide, and dose interruption. Infusion-related reactions (IRRs) are treated symptomatically, with epinephrine in severe cases. Anticoagulants are used for deep vein thrombosis or thromboembolism, and fibrinolytics or thrombectomy may be considered. Pneumonitis is managed by discontinuing amivantamab and using glucocorticoids. Conclusions Amivantamab is effective for EGFR mutant NSCLC but can cause adverse effects. Understanding these effects and implementing management strategies can optimize outcomes, maintaining treatment efficacy.
Unilateral papilledema and peripapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy as the presenting manifestations of intracranial hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We have reported here the case of a 54-year-old woman with intracranial hypertension that presented with the unique features of unilateral papilledema and peripapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Our investigations lead to the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and an incidental small right frontal meningioma. The patient was accordingly treated with oral acetazolamide, followed by three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, which resulted in the inactivation of the polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, marked reduction of lipid exudation, and complete absorption of the subretinal fluid. This case serves as the first documentation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy associated with papilledema. It also demonstrates that choroidal vascular abnormalities may occur even when optic disk edema is unilateral, which is an uncommon manifestation of increased intracranial pressure. Prompt recognition of such findings and its appropriate management are essential for adequate treatment and prevention of irreversible visual loss.
Leading organizations as living systems

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The chapter describes organizations as complex living socio-technological systems and the implications of this perspective on the way leadership appears for prosperity and growth. Starting with discussing the mechanistic view on organizations, we suggest a more integrated perspective on organizations as living systems. Liveness there can be conceptualized beyond living organisms. Based on this perspective, we describe the current state of the xmi-Living Systems Schema (xmi-LSS), a syntactic heuristic schema. The schema helps leaders and consultants in a general way to get a common understanding of organizational issues in a specific context, to plan appropriate interventions and to track effects. The schema with its fractality and self-similarity can be used on many levels, for individuals, teams, departments, organizations up to whole societies. Finally, we expand the application of the schema beyond organizational borders on ecosystems. An outlook concludes the chapter.
Influence of Fault Dip Angle and Strength on Fault Slip Characteristics of Gas Storage

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The alternating stress caused by periodic high-pressure injection and extraction in gas storage can potentially induce fault slippage, compromising the sealing integrity of faults within these facil-ities. Understanding the mechanical behavior of faults under alternating stress is crucial for en-suring the long-term stability and safety of gas storage operations. To explore the impact of fault dip angle and fault gouge strength on fault slip characteristics, fault samples were prepared with uniaxial compressive strengths of 20.1, 30.2, 42.4, and 51.4 MPa at two distinct dip angles. Triaxial compression experiments were conducted under alternating stress conditions corresponding to operational pressures at a specific gas storage in China. Results indicate that faults with dip angles of 30° and 45° tend to fail at their weakest points. Increasing strength of fault gouge shifts failure mechanisms from interfacial failure between gouge and surrounding rock towards internal gouge failure, often accompanied by shear failure across sections, resulting in characteristic &quot;X&quot;-shaped conjugate shear failures. The decrease in the ratio of bedrock strength to fault gouge strength elucidates the observed phenomena of initial reduction followed by increased fault deformation. Transition points for faults with 30° and 45° dips occur around the strength ratios of 1.7/1 and 1.2/1, respectively. Fault damage exhibits a negative correlation with fault gouge strength and a positive correlation with fault dip angle. Samples with higher strength fault gouge at a 30° dip angle generally incur less damage compared to those with lower strength fault gouge at a 45° dip angle. Moreover, higher maximum static friction coefficients denote greater fault resistance to slipping, with 30° faults consistently demonstrating superior resistance compared to 45° faults. Additionally, higher strength fault gouge consistently enhances slip resistance under identical dip angles.
Impact of Hasanta Rice on Yield and Brown Plant Hopper Incidence in Rain-Fed Semi-lowland Ecosystems: A Farmer-centric Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 in farmers’ fields across four adopted villages, involving 13 farmers. The results exhibited that the Brown Plant hopper (BPH) incidence was significantly lower in the rice variety Hasanta compared to the farmers' variety, Pratikshya. Notably, Hasanta recorded higher performance metrics in several key areas. The number of tillers per hill, panicle length, plant height, and test weight were all superior in Hasanta compared to Pratikshya in both years of the study. This indicates a consistent advantage in these agronomic traits. The average grain yield of Hasanta was also notably higher, achieving 43.83 q/ha in 2021 and 45.0 q/ha in 2022. In comparison, the farmers' variety, Pratikshya, yielded 39.25 q/ha in 2021 and 40.10 q/ha in 2022. This demonstrates Hasanta's superior yield performance under the given conditions. Overall, the study determined that the rice variety Hasanta showed consistent tolerance to BPH incidence and performed well under rain-fed conditions. Given its higher yield and resilience, Hasanta is a promising supernumerary over Pratikshya in the rain-fed semi-lowland rice ecosystem, offering substantial yield benefits and higher net returns (Rs. 38290/ha) for farmers.
Earthquake Reconstruction in Maharashtra: Impact on Assets, Income and Equity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Disasters occur in India with rather grim regularity, causing enormous loss of life and property. Almost 85 per cent of the country is vulnerable to one or multiple disasters, and about 57 per cent of its area — including the capital — lies within a high seismic zone. Approximately 40 million ha. of the country's land is prone to flood, about 8 per cent of the total land mass is prone to cyclone and 68 per cent of the area is susceptible to drought. Of the 35 States and union territories in the country, 27 are disaster prone; and one State, West Bengal, is prone to disasters of four types.