jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Moringa stenopetala leaf extract improves the efficacy of doxorubicin in the breast cancer therapy by suppressing the expression of MDR-1, Raf-1, and Top-II

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to explore the bioactive properties of Moringa stenopetala leaves (Baker f.) Cufod. Methanol and ethanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 values. MS leaves were found to be a good supplement for K, Fe and Ca. The obtained results indicated that ethanolic leaf extract exhibits growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell line, and induction of apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. Also, there was a significant effect on cytotoxicity against a breast cell line when the ethanolic extract was combined with doxorubicin. At the molecular level, changes in gene expression were detected via qPCR. Thirty-two compounds were identified in the ethanolic extract using HPLC ESI-MS/MS and classified into: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, fatty acids, and other miscellaneous compounds. Molecular docking predicted that the main component in the ethanolic extract (apigenin-7-O-rutinoside) has multiple inhibitory effects on MDR-1, Raf-1 and Top-II proteins.
Studies on the Metabolic Fate of Pramipexole (SND 919 CL2Y). (I). Absorption, Distribution and Excretion after a Single Oral Administration to Rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The absorption, distribution, and excretion of radioactivity were investigated following a single oral administration of 14C-pramipexole to rats at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. The protein binding of the drug was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. 1. The total radioactivity in plasma reached the maximum at about 1.5 hr after oral administration of 14C-pramipexole to male and female rats. The half-lives of radioactivity in plasma were about 48 and 41 hr in male and female rats, respectively, as determined from the data at 24 to 72 hr after administration. The Cmax was decreased in the presence of food, but total absorption of radioactivity remained unaffected. 14CPramipexole was well absorbed throughout the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but not in the stomach. 2. The radioactivity in most tissues after oral administration of 14C-pramipexole to male rats reached Cmax at 2 hr, being higher in liver, kidney, hypophysis and salivary gland. The radioactivity in the whole brain was higher than that in plasma at 2 and 6 hr after administration. At 48 hr after oral administration, the radioactivity in most tissues except blood had decreased to below 1/10 of the respective maximum concentration. The ratio of the concentration in blood cells to that in plasma was in the range of 1.63-7.15 at 0.5 to 48 hr after oral administration. 3. The binding of 14C-pramipexole at concentrations of 10-1000 ng/ml to rat plasma protein in vitro was about 15-18% and that at concentrations of 0.5-50 ng/ml to human serum protein in vitro was about 17-26%. The percentage of radioactivity bound to rat plasma protein within 2 hr after oral administration of 14Cpramipexole to male rats was below 20%. After 2 hr, the ratio of plasma protein binding increased with time, and then the percentage of radioactivity bound to rat plasma protein was about 67% at 48 hr. 4. The amount of radioactivity excreted in urine and feces within 168 hr after oral administration of 14C-pramipexole to male rats were 59.0% and 44.0% of the dose, respectively. Within 48 hr after intraduodenal injection of the bile obtained from other rats which had been administered 14C-pramipexole (0.1 mg/kg) intravenously, about 4% of the injected radioactivity was excreted in the bile. 5. The radioactivity in milk after oral administration to lactating rats was 2-5 times higher than that in plasma at all times from 0.5 to 48 hr, but the half-life of radioactivity in milk was shorter than that in plasma.
Can Unprocessed Food Prices Really Be One of the Main Responsible Causes for not Achieving Inflation Targets in Turkey?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Parallel to international conjecture, as of 2006 food prices, particularly those of unprocessed foods, have displayed high levels of fluctuation and it is know that these fluctuations have increased in more recent years. In the explanations and reports issued by economic circles and fiscal authorities, it is frequently emphasized that fluctuations seen in food prices result in negative influences on inflation and particularly the fluctuations observed in unprocessed foods create serious uncertainties by making inflation forecasting quite difficult. In the current study, whether there is some kind of interaction between 2006:01-2016:03 inflation realizations in Turkey and food prices, processed and unprocessed food prices and uncertainties obtained by using GARCH-type volatility forecasting models was analyzed through VAR Granger causality tests. The findings obtained in the current study support the explanations of economic circles to a great extent.
Planning, Politics, and City-County Consolidation: Connecting the Dots in Albuquerque

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In November, voters in the City of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County, New Mexico will be asked whether the two governments should get hitched. More accurately, the question on the ballot will be whether or not to accept a unification charter that will consolidate the two existing governments into a single urban county government. The voters rejected the idea in 2003, with 61.5 percent of them voting against it. Whether or not there's a different result this year depends, among other things, on whether city and county residents understand the planning, growth, and land use implications of maintaining the status quo versus consolidation.
An investigation of slurry erosion analysis for disc hydrodynamic polishing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-smooth surface is widely used in aspheric optics elements and astronomical instruments. Fabrication of ultra-smooth surfaces, especially for hard and brittle materials, has always been a challenge to the optics industry. To efficiently produce ultra-smooth surfaces, a novel disk hydrodynamic polishing (DHDP) is proposed. As a non-contact hydrodynamic polishing method for DHDP process, the polishing tool rotates at high speed under the drive of the motor. At this time, a hydrodynamic fluid film is formed between the polishing tool and the workpiece surface. In the gap of fluid film, the velocity and pressure of fluid show a regular gradient, and it drove the solid particles impact the workpiece. Then, the computational fluid dynamics(CFD), solid-liquid discrete phase model (DMP) and erosion model (EM) are combined to track the particles trajectories in the proximity of the workpiece and reveal the erosion theoretical mechanism for DHDP process. The current research has a great significance to analyze the characteristics of the complex interactions between the phases and the erosion of solid particles in DHDP process. The simulation results can also be used to quantitatively predict the local erosion depth on polishing surface.
Reaction of Melting Salts upon Casein Micelles and Their Effects on Calcium, Phosphorus and Bound Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Casein micelles with and without colloidal calcium phosphate were isolated from skim milk. Sodium salts of ortho, pyro, tripoly and polyphosphoric acid and also sodium citrate were added and their effects upon calcium and phosphorus distribution were investigated along with the changes of bound water. Melting salts of phosphate origin increased both non-diffusible ester and colloidal phosphorus, while decreased both diffusible ester and inorganic phosphorus. Bound water of casein micelles was increased with the addition of polyphosphate or citrate, while decreased with the addition of pyro- or tripolyphosphate. Taking into consideration of the viscometric studies, melting salts might be divided into three categories, namely orthophosphate, pyro- or tripolyphosphate and polyphosphate or citrate group, respectively.
“Are you me?”: understanding the political potential of feminist identity spaces on Reddit during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study we performed a critical discourse analysis of the r/workingmoms subreddit during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2020). Using this data we argue that Reddit’s platform can facilitate what we schematize as feminist “identity spaces.” We use the heuristic of “spaces” rather than “networks” or “online communities” and connect this theorization to our understanding of the discursive work on the subreddit which facilitates in-group communication and situated structural critique. However, we also interrogate the political possibilities of identity spaces and understand them as a symptom of what Angela McRobbie has called “the cultural politics of disarticulation.” Ultimately, we argue that the same platform affordances that allow for identity spaces to thrive also limit their political potency and we frame this within Lauren Berlant’s theorization of “cruel optimism.”
Evaluation of the Bone-Regenerating Effects of Two Anorganic Bovine Bone Grafts in a Critical-Sized Alveolar Ridge Defect Model

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A preclinical trial was conducted to treat 54 mandibular critical-sized alveolar ridge defects in 27 canines. Each hemimandible was randomized to be treated with two different anorganic bovine bone grafts (group A = InterOss [SigmaGraft]; group B = Bio-Oss [Geistlich]) or negative control (group C = empty defect) followed by a 4-, 8-, or 12-week observation period. Microcomputed tomography, histology, histopathology, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these treatments. By all the parameters assessed in this study, the biocompatibility and healing of group A treated defects were indistinguishable from those in group B. Radiographic comparison of graft resorption and bony integration demonstrated similar mean scores for both treatment groups. Likewise, no statistical differences were observed between the two groups with respect to percent mineralized volume and density. When compared to the critical-sized empty controls, both treatment groups showed statistically greater amounts of bone present in the defect sites and appeared to help preserve the mesial and distal alveolar walls of the defect. Histomorphometry also supported the similarity in performance of both tested groups as no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to percent bone, percent residual implant, and percent bone marrow values. While not statistically different, on average group A had more than twice the mean amount of bone present at 8 and 12 weeks compared to group B. Overall, group A had a good biocompatibility response, similar to group B. Clinical studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
Influence of high epidural blockade on plasma TXB_2 and 6-keto-PGF_1a level during acute myocardial ischemia- reperfusion in pigs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the effect of high epidural blockade on plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGFla concentration during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Twenty healthy male pigs weighing (23.0 ±2.5) kg were randomly divided into two groups, group Ⅰ : high epidural blockade ( n = 10) and group Ⅱ : control ( n = 10). The animals were premedicated with intramuscular ketamine 20mg· kg-1 and atropine 0.05mg·kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with 2.5% thiopental 10mg · kg-1 and maintained with succinylcholine and fentanyl infusion. The animals were intubated and mechanically ventilated. PaCO2 was maintained at 40mm Hg. Epidural catheter was placed at T3-4 and advanced in a cephalad direction for 5cm (confirmed by X-ray contrast medium) . A loading dose of 2ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (group Ⅰ ) or normal saline (group Ⅱ ) was given followed by intermittent boluses of 2ml every 2min. 15min after epidural block the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery was occluded for 40 min and then released for reperfusion. Ischemia was confirmed by ST-segment elevation 0. 5mV or change in color of myocardium in the ischemic area. Blood samples were taken from right atrium for determination of plasma levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGFla before epidural block (T0), 40 min after occlusion of coronary artery(T1 ) and 1, 3 and 5 h after reperfusion was started(T2-4 ) . Results There was no significant changes in MAP, HR and CVP in group Ⅱ while in group Ⅰ MAP decreased by 22%, HR 25% and CVP 28% after epidural block as compared with the baseline at T0 . TXB2 levels and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a ratio increased gradually and significantly from T2-4 as compared with the baseline (T0) and those at T1 in both groups. TXB2 levels and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a ratio were higher in group Ⅱ those in group 1111111 at T1-4 (P 0.05). 6-keto-PGF1a level was decreasing while TXB2 level was increasing from T1-4 in both groups. Theincidence of ventricular fibrillation was 1/10 in group Ⅰand 4/10 in group Ⅱ .Conclusion Acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is closely correlated with changes in plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF10 levels. High epidural blockade can reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury to some extent through regulating the balance between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin.
Filtered Trial for Telmisartan 40mg Non-responder

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The primary purpose of this study is to: Demonstrate that a fixed-dose combination of telmisartan 40 mg plus amlodipine 5 mg is superior to telmisartan 40 mg alone in patients with essential hypertension and inadequately controlled with telmisartan 40 mg monotherapy.
Gene Therapy: Molecular Engineering of Factor VIII and Factor IX

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene therapy innovations in vector design, expressed transgene, and tissue targeting have led to a wide range of success in preclinical animal models and the first promising results from human clinical trials. Better understanding of the limitations in factor VIII and factor IX expression, activation, and clearance have identified targets for bioengineering variants of factor VIII and factor IX with improved functional properties. When combined with optimized gene therapy vectors, such bioengineered variants have further improved the efficacy of gene therapy in preclinical studies at reduced vector doses. Some have been incorporated into clinical trial programs seeking to achieve improved plasma factor levels at reduced vector doses in order to limit toxicity and/or immunogenicity to the viral vector.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN E-MAIL BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As an order of discourse in a business institution and a manifestation of a discursive practice, e-mail business correspondence must have its own sets of convention which determine the type of interpersonal relations that the interactants may establish since any act of writing, whether personal, academic or workplace, is embedded in wider social and discursive practice which carry assumption about participant relationships and how these should be structured and negotiated.
This study aims at describing the interpersonal relations that the interactants in e-mail business correspondence under study establish and explaining how the selections of mood realize the speech function choices in e-mail business correspondence under study.
Ten pairs of e-mail business correspondence, each of which consists of an initiatory e-mail and its reply, were analyzed with reference to the speech function and mood choices. The speech function analysis was conducted in order to capture the interactants’ interpersonal relations while mood analysis was conducted in order to find out patterns of congruent and incongruent in the realizations of the speech function choices as well as to find out choices in modality.
From the analyses it is found out that the interactants prefer choosing questions and statements of fact than those of opinion, that most of the extending speech function choices are used to show appreciation to the e-mail recipients, that they prefer choosing supporting replies than the confronting ones and that rather than choosing rejoinders, the interactants prefer responding speech functions. These findings suggest that the interactants in the e-mail business correspondence under study construct interpersonal relations with a low degree of involvement. Furthermore, it is also found out that out of eighteen full declarative mood choices, twelve of them are used to incongruently realize commands and some reacting speech functions such as answers, withholding, disagreeing and non-complying ones, that out of eleven elliptical declarative mood choices, six of them are used for the incongruent realizations of statements of opinion, command and pronging speech function and that out of thirteen imperative mood choices, eight of them are used for the incongruent realizations of open questions of fact and compliances, suggesting that most of the speech function choices in the e-mail business correspondence under study are incongruently realized.
These findings suggest that teachers of English for Business should include in their teaching materials various strategies, formulas and expressions which may be used to perform a particular speech function and give emphasis on the teaching of incongruent realizations of speech functions.
Translocation of myocardial GLUT-4 and increased glucose uptake through activation of AMPK by AICAR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Insulin increases glucose uptake through the translocation of GLUT-4 via a pathway mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In contrast, myocardial glucose uptake during ischemia and hypoxia is stimulated by the translocation of GLUT-4 to the surface of cardiac myocytes through a PI3K-independent pathway that has not been characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is also increased by myocardial ischemia, and we examined whether AMPK stimulates glucose uptake and GLUT-4 translocation. In isolated rat ventricular papillary muscles, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, as well as cyanide-induced chemical hypoxia and insulin, increased 2-[ 3 H]deoxyglucose uptake two- to threefold. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, did not affect either the AICAR- or the cyanide-stimulated increase in deoxyglucose uptake but eliminated the insulin-stimulated increase in deoxyglucose uptake. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated translocation of GLUT-4 to the myocyte sarcolemma in response to stimulation with AICAR, cyanide, or insulin. Preincubation of papillary muscles with the kinase inhibitor iodotubercidin or adenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside (araA), a precursor of araATP (a competitive inhibitor of AMPK), decreased AICAR- and cyanide-stimulated glucose uptake but did not affect basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In vivo infusion of AICAR caused myocardial AMPK activation and GLUT-4 translocation in the rat. We conclude that AMPK activation increases cardiac muscle glucose uptake through translocation of GLUT-4 via a pathway that is independent of PI3K. These findings suggest that AMPK activation may be important in ischemia-induced translocation of GLUT-4 in the heart.
A hybrid harmony search algorithm for node localisation in wireless sensor networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Harmony search (HS) has been widely used in the field of wireless sensor networks. However, the search strategy of the basic HS has excellent exploration capability but weak exploitation capability. To enhance the search capability of HS, this paper presents a hybrid harmony search algorithm (HBHS) for node localisation in wireless sensor networks. The proposed HBHS employs the best solution to enhance the exploitation capability. Moreover, HBHS utilises an adaptive search step-size scheme to further enhance the search capability. To verify the search performance, HBHS is compared with two HS algorithms on a suit of classical benchmark problems. The comparisons confirm that HBHS can achieve better performance than the compared HS algorithms on the most of the benchmark problems. Further, HBHS is applied for node localisation in wireless sensor networks.
Hansarsia nom. nov., a replacement name for Nematoscelis G. O. Sars, 1883 (Crustacea: Euphausiidae), a junior homonym of Nematoscelis Wollaston, 1867 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Shaw, Josh Jenkins (2023): Hansarsia nom. nov., a replacement name for Nematoscelis G. O. Sars, 1883 (Crustacea: Euphausiidae), a junior homonym of Nematoscelis Wollaston, 1867 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 5256 (1): 84-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.6
Sampling Points Reduction in Over The Air

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents reduction of sampling points in Over the Air (OTA) test. Recently, due to the miniaturization and sophistication, OTA test conduct. It is problematic to take a lot of measurement time because of entirely spherical scanning. This paper clarifies suitable far field measurement method to reduce sampling points by introducing three far field measurement methods such as equi-angle method, modified equi-angle method and generalized spiral method. The Total Radiated Power (TRP) and Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) values of the equi-angle method and modified equi-angle method are changed by sampling parameters and antenna patterns. However, the values of generalized spiral method are constant regardless of selected angle, and it is confirmed that around 100 points are sufficient for estimating the TRP and EIRP.
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a key receptor for chicken primordial germ cell migration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In mammals, germ cells originate outside of the developing gonads and follow a unique migration pattern through the embryonic tissue toward the genital ridges. Many studies have attempted to identify critical receptors and factors involved in germ cell migration. However, relatively few reports exist on germ cell receptors and chemokines that are involved in germ cell migration in avian species. In the present study, we investigated the specific migratory function of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). We induced loss-of-function via a frameshift mutation in the CXCR4 gene in chicken PGCs using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing. The migratory capacity of CXCR4 knockout PGCs was significantly reduced in vivo after transplantation into recipient embryos. However, CXCR4-expressing somatic cell lines, such as chicken DT40 and DF1, failed to migrate into the developing gonads, suggesting that another key factor(s) is necessary for targeting and settlement of PGCs into the genital ridges. In conclusion, we show that CXCR4 plays a critical role in the migration of chicken germ cells.
Vinyl-Type Polymerization of Norbornene by Nickel(II) bis-Benzimidazole Catalysts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Novel nickel (II) bis-benzimidazole complexes were prepared. These complexes were synthesized using three steps: condensation, alkylation and complexation. These complexes, upon activation with MAO, polymerize cyclic olefin norbornene. The polynorbornene synthesized was characterized by GPC, 13C NMR and IR. GPC molecular weights of the polynorbornene polymers were determined using the LS/viscometry/DRI triple detector system and were found to be very high (Mn 148,000 to 288,000 and Mw 587,000 to 797,000). The 13C NMR suggest that the polynorbornene is a vinyl addition product (i. e.y 2,3-linked); no ring-opened product was observed.