jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Colopathy Case Report and Literature Review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and small intestine are well established. The effect of such therapy on the large intestine, so called NSAID-induced colopathy, is less well described. NSAID-induced colopathy usually involves the right colon due to a higher concentration of the drug at this site, but the rectum may also be involved. NSAIDs possibly damage the normal large intestine, which presents as ulceration, colitis and stricture. Even though several studies found that NSAIDs can cause diverticular bleeding and perforation, flare-up of inflammatory bowel disease ,and play a role as an etiologic factor in lymphocytic colitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases , malignancy and infectious colitis must be ruled out before establishing the diagnosis of NSAID -induced colopathy. Discontinuation of the offending drug is mandatory. Here, we have reported the case of a 43-year-old female, NSAID user due to low back pain, who was admitted to the hospital with painless hematochezia.
Excited-State Double Exchange in Manganese-Doped ZnO Quantum Dots: A Time-Dependent Density-Functional Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The lowest-energy electronic excited states of ZnO quantum dots containing 1−3 Mn2+ ions have been studied by time-dependent density functional theory. The calculations show that these excited states involve holes with predominantly manganese 3d character and electrons delocalized in conduction-band-like orbitals, consistent with description of these lowest-energy excited states as charge-transfer (photoionization) states. When the quantum dot contains two or more distant Mn2+ ions, spin-dependent hole delocalization among the dopants is observed, with parallel Mn2+ spin alignment maximizing hole delocalization and excited state energy stabilization. This effect is proposed to arise from double exchange in the charge-transfer excited state.
[The comparative estimation of the efficacy of fluctuorization and ipidacrine fluctuophoresis included in the combined treatment of the patients with lesions in the inferior alveolar nerve].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The objective of the present study was the comparative estimation of the effectiveness of fluctuating currents and fluctuophoresis of a 0.5% ipidacrine solution as the components of the combined treatment of the patients with lesions in the inferior alveolar nerve. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated from the dynamics of intensity of painful sensation, the extent of sensory disturbances, the results of electrical pulp test for the lower jaw teeth, threshold sensitivity of the lower lip skin, the degree of hydration of the periodontal tissues in the region innervated by the alveolar nerve, and the character of peripheral dynamics in the area of the mental foramen. The study has demonstrated that the introduction of fluctuophoresis of the anticholinesterase agent ipidacrine in the combined treatment of the patients presenting with the lesions in the inferior alveolar nerve increases the efficacy of therapy by 55.3% compared with the application of fluctuating currents (p < 0.05).
A New Class of Chiral Nematic Phase with Helical Polar Order (Adv. Mater. 35/2021)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Liquid Crystals A new class of cholesteric phase with local polar order is realized by Fumito Araoka and Hiroya Nishikawa in article number 2101305. In general, the periodicity of the conventional cholesteric liquid crystal corresponds to the half-pitch of the helix, having head-and-tail symmetry in the local nematic director. On the other hand, the newly found polar cholesteric liquid crystal is characterized with a full-pitch periodicity of the helix due to the polar degeneracy in the local nematic director. This delivers some unprecedented properties, such as fast electro-optic response based on the photonic band modulated with polar helix deformation.
An update on ozone profile trends for the period 2000 to 2016

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and from ground-based data measured by four techniques at stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant ozone increases in the upper stratosphere, between 35 and 48 km altitude (5 and 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), ozone has been increasing by about 1.5 % per decade in the tropics (20° S to 20° N), and by 2 to 2.5 % per decade in the 35 to 60° latitude bands of both hemispheres. At levels below 35 km (5 hPa), 2000 to 2016 ozone trends are smaller and not statistically significant. The observed trend profiles are consistent with expectations from chemistry climate model simulations. This study confirms positive trends of upper stratospheric ozone already reported, e.g., in the WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment 2014 or by Harris et al. (2015). Compared to those studies, three to four additional years of observations, updated and improved data sets with reduced drift, and the fact that nearly all individual data sets indicate ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, all give enhanced confidence. Uncertainties have been reduced, for example for the trend near 2 hPa in the 35 to 60° latitude bands from about ±5 % (2σ) in Harris et al. (2015) to less than ±2 % (2σ). Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of possible drifts and differences between various data sources is still required, as is a detailed attribution of the observed increases to declining ozone-depleting substances and to stratospheric cooling. Ongoing quality observations from multiple independent platforms are key for verifying that recovery of the ozone layer continues as expected.
Human microbiota: A crucial gatekeeper in lung cancer initiation, progression, and treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer is becoming one of the most detrimental cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality rate of all cancers, posing a significant burden for the global health system. Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacy of traditional lung cancer therapies still remains relatively unsatisfying with varied responsiveness and unexpected adverse effects. Fortunately, studies have reported that an intimate relationship might exist between microbiota and lung carcinoma. Notably, microbial dysbiosis might result in changes in the metabolism, induction of immunosuppression, and recruitment of inflammatory factors, thereby driving lung carcinogenesis. Certain microbial strains were identified to be specifically enriched in the lung tumor beds, indicating their predictive role in lung cancer. Furthermore, the particular microbial composition was also proved to potentiate the outcomes of lung cancer therapies, suggesting that lung and gut microbiome were promising to be clinically applied for lung cancer therapy. In this review, we will comprehensively summarize the recent findings on how microbes mediate the initiation, progression, and treatment of lung cancer, illustrating the potential mechanisms and probing into the putative manipulation of microbiota to facilitate lung cancer treatments.
Gill Na,K-ATPase and Osmoregulation in the Sand Fiddler Crab, Uca pugilator

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Male sand fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, permitted to enter or leave seawater (SW) media at will (natural environment) hyperosmoregulated in 10% and 50% SW and hypoosmoregulated in 150% and 200% SW. Crabs forced to remain submerged in the SW media (immersion) did not osmoregulate as well, particularly in 150% and 200% SW. Gill sodium-plus-potassium-activated ATPase (Na,K-ATPase) specific activity was characterized in crude homogenates, and optima for K, Mg, ATP, and pH were determined. After 21 days acclimation in a 10% SW natural environment, gills 1, 2, 5, and 6 showed significant increases in gill enzyme-specific activity (ESA) compared to 100% SW controls. Acclimation to 50% SW caused significant increases in ESA only in gills 5 and 6; acclimation to 150% and 200% SW natural environments decreased or did not significantly change ESA. Gills 5 and 6 contained approximately 75% of total gill ESA in all media. Crabs immersed in the SW media showed similar changes in gill ESA. It appears, then, that changes in ESA in the posterior gills are important only in hyperosmotic regulation and in active Na uptake in dilute media. On transfer of 100% SW acclimated crabs to 10% SW (immersion), gill crude-homogenate ESA increased significantly after 3 days and reached maximal activity after 7 days. Gill microsomal preparations showed a slower time course; ESA did not increase significantly until 7 days after transfer and did not reach maximal levels until 14 days after transfer. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that increased gill ESA may be due to both the activation of existing enzyme and the synthesis of new enzyme by the gill epithelium in U. pugilator.
Leading Renewal in Salvation Army Congregations in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A denomination is as strong as its congregations. Some of the congregations of The Salvation Army in Canada are showing signs of emergence into a new stage of health and productivity for the kingdom. Case study research leads to a better understanding of the role that leadership plays in congregational emergence. The problem of this research project was to identify and explore the leadership dynamics that are at work in emerging Canadian congregations of The Salvation Army and to consider what the turnaround in these congregations has to say to the governance and structures of the Army. Using a 36-item congregational survey, attitudes of church members in six locations across Canada were measured on a variety of issues normally associated with church leadership. Results were tabulated through the use of the SPSS version 8.0 data management system for examining demographics. This survey was supplemented by a 90-minute focus group discussion with church leaders in each location. Additionally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the pastors of the six congregations and various found documents were examined. Data from the interviews revealed that most of the leaders sense a need to be better prepared for leadership. Many are working hard to adopt a transformational leadership approach, as opposed to transactional leadership. Several denominational issues arose during the course of the research. A traditional style of hierarchical and autocratic leadership was found to be dysfunctional and unacceptable to most leaders. The case study research affirmed the findings from the scriptures, theology and contemporary leadership theory., that servant leadership is the most desirable approach. Research affirmed that, just as congregations are experiencing renewal by becoming transformational in leadership and structures, so the declining denomination may experience new vitality. Issues covered in the research suggest that three courses of action be taken by The Salvation Army, as a means of concerted action toward revitalization. These are 1) Refocus Leaders, 2) Renew Spiritual Life, and 3) Reform structures. We must address these three big issues if we desire health and growth for the church and the kingdom of God. Adopting these three approaches simultaneously will demonstrate the extent of our commitment to renewal. It will also involve risk and change. It is heartening to see a number of young and middle-aged pastors who are paying the price for progress in their congregations. As our divisional and national offices provide our best with affirmation and resources for effective mission, they will lead the denomination to renewal.
Communicative Language Teaching Approach: Impact on Students’ Speaking Skills of Rural ESL Learners of Secondary Schools in Jhargram District, West Bengal.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Communicative competency is an important theoretical innovation in second language (L2) instruction, especially for ESL learners. Despite broad support for CLT, many teachers lack the skills and expertise to execute it. Thus, this study tries to comprehend instructors′ and students′ viewpoints on CLT's application in Bengali-medium secondary schools in West Bengal to enhance students′ speaking skills. It explores CLT's impacts and how to use it. This study was quasi-experimental. The study uses teacher interviews, classroom observations, pretests, and posttests for data collection. English speakers were evaluated through pre- and post-test scores, observer comments, and teacher and student assessments. Most educators and students increased their communication using CLT. Despite instructors′ and students′ grasp of CLT, finances and students′ trouble concentrating during standardised examinations hinder its implementation. Teachers were urged to aid children with vocabulary and grammar in speaking exercises. CLT's use in classrooms to enhance pupils′ communication skills will be limited. The article advises improving facilities and minimising testing to enhance students′ speaking abilities.
A Design Method for D-C Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

INTEREST in d-c machines in many phases of the war effort prompts the writers to present a method of design which has been found to be very useful and time saving. The method makes use of fundamental relationships in somewhat different forms and approaches the design from a different viewpoint than is ordinarily the case. The procedure has been in use for some time in the design of low-voltage aircraft motors and normal-voltage integral horsepower motors and generators. Comparative design and test results have shown good agreement.
Transformations of Cardio-active Steroids by Microorganisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microbial dehydrogenations of 3β-hydroxyl groups of Digitalis cardiac agiycones by Calonectria decora and Nigrospora sphaerica were studied, both of which exhibited simiiar transformation pattern. Digitoxigenin was transformed exclusively into 3-dehydrodigoxigenin by C. decora and into digoxigenin and 3-dehydro-digoxigenin by N. sphaerica. Both gitoxigenin and 3-acetyl-gitoxigenin were dehydrogenated to 3-dehydrogitoxigenin. 3-Dehydro-16-acetylgitoxigenin was also detected among the bioconversion products of 16-acetylgitoxigenin and 3, 16-diacetylgitoxigenin by these two species.
A revision of the new world stiletto fly genus Ataenogera Kröber (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae) with the description of two new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hauser, Martin, Webb, Donald W. (2007): A revision of the new world stiletto fly genus Ataenogera Kröber (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 1530: 41-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177666
Case Report: Spontaneous simultaneous coronary and carotid dissection in a young cannabis user

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to legalization of its consumption in some countries and its medical use as well as low toxic potential, cannabis remains the most widely used drug around the world and the rate of usage is only increasing. Nevertheless, there are several case reports of vascular complications following cannabis use even in young people without cardiovascular risk factors. We report the case of a cannabis smoker presenting to the emergency room for an ischemic stroke associated with an acute coronary syndrome related to a spontaneous simultaneous double dissection of the carotid artery and the left anterior descending artery, with a favourable outcome under medical treatment. This case shows the seriousness of complications due to the cannabis consumption, hence the need to limit or even prohibit its consumption.
The Simple Analytics of Trade Creation and Diversion

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper conducts analysis of a free trade agreement within a simple model of partial equilibrium, linear supply and demand, and circumstances such that trade flows are positive in all equilibria considered. The results illustrate the close connection, on the one hand, between trade creation and the benefit to the FTA-forming countries and to the world, and, on the other hand, the equally close connection between trade diversion and the harm to outside countries and potentially both the participating countries and the world. In addition, by considering a second case in which a country that already has one FTA adds another, we show that the new FTA causes trade to be diverted from its prior partner, an effect that we call trade reversion. It turns out that trade reversion causes neither harm nor benefit to the importing country, and when we look at world welfare, if trade reversion is equal to trade diversion their two effects cancel out, leading the effect on world welfare to be a simple function of the amount of trade creation and the size of the tariff.
Reference Intervals for and the Effects of Sample Handling and Sex on Rotational Thromboelastometry in Healthy Adult Pigs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Accurate assessment of coagulation in porcine studies is essential. We sought to establish normal values for porcine rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) according to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to assess the effects of various preanalytical parameters on those measurements. Healthy Yorkshire-cross pigs ( n = 81; 46 males and 35 females) were anesthetized. By using a 18-gauge needle attached to a vacuum phlebotomy tube, blood was acquired from the cranial vena cava. Tubes were filled in the following order: evacuation clot tube, EDTA tube, heparin tube, and 2 citrate tubes. The citrate tubes were randomly assigned to 30 min with or without constant agitation on a rocker. The following parameters were reported according to the manufacturer's recommendations: clotting time, clot formation time, α, (tangent to the clot formation curve when the clot firmness is 20 mm), clot firmness after 10 and 20 min, maximal clot firmness, maximum lysis, and lysis indexes at 30 and 45 min. Reference intervals were reported as mean ± 2 SD (parametric distribution) or 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of the population's results (nonparametric distribution). The effects of sex, sampling order, and agitation on ROTEM results were analyzed through linear regression. Neither sex nor sample agitation influenced any of the ROTEM parameters. Combined reference intervals were established for each ROTEM parameter by pooling data from the nonagitated tubes for both male and female pigs. This study is the first to establish ROTEM reference intervals from a large number of male and female adult Yorkshire-cross pigs and to provide a detailed description of preanalytical sample processing.
P.076 Tone management: an environmental scan of current management practices across Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Currently, there are no standardized approaches to care or evaluation for tone dysfunction in Canada. The study authors hypothesize that there is significant practice variation across the country. This environmental scan is aimed to describe the current practice for management of patients with hypertonia across Canada. Methods: A web-based survey was developed by the authors with a multi-disciplinary approach and sent to representative rehabilitation sites in each province. All statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical software version 4.0. Results: CP was found to be the most common diagnosis for tone dysfunction, with 58% (7/12) of sites diagnosing greater than 20 new patients per year. All 12 sites offered oral baclofen and gabapentin, and 92% of sites offered trihexyphenidyl. Botulinum toxin injections were offered at 50% of sites. Upper and lower extremity procedures were offered in 83% of the sites. In 8 of 12 sites (67%), patients were seen within a formal multidisciplinary clinic to manage hypertonia. Conclusions: The information gained from this study provides some insight into the current practice across Canada for children with hypertonia. This study may assist in the development of a national, standardized strategy to tone management, potentially facilitating more equitable access to care for patients.
MON-540 Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Diagnosed in a 63-Year-Old Female

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder which causes impaired calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) function which is located in the parathyroid and kidneys. This disorder leads to hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria and normal to moderately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). Here we present a case of asymptomatic FHH diagnosed in the seventh decade of life. Case description A 63-year old Caucasian female was referred to the endocrinology clinic for evaluation of her hypercalcemia. Patient had elevated blood calcium levels (ranging from 10.5-11 mg/dl) since the age of 55. She denied any history of kidney stones, osteoporosis, fracture or malignancy. There was no family history of hypercalcemia. Her other medical history included diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and depression. Medications were Metformin, insulin, enalapril, simvastatin, fluoxetine. Laboratory workup revealed calcium 10.1mg/dl, PTH 77.3 pg/ml, 25 OH Vit D 22 ng/ml, Initial urine 24-hour calcium 0mg/24 hr, creatinine 1.2 mg/dl, 24-hour urine creatinine 1.1 mg/dl. DEXA scan with normal bone mineral density. Vitamin D was supplemented and subsequent repeat urine 24-hour calcium had improved but was still low at 29mg/24 hour with urine calcium/creatinine ratio of 0.029. Follow-up blood calcium levels showed fluctuations ranging from 9.4-10.3. Patient was subsequently referred for genetic testing which returned positive for heterozygous mutation in the CASR gene. Discussion FHH is an inherited disorder with prevalence of 1 in 78,000 and presents as benign, lifelong, persistent hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria without hypercalcemic related complications. Patients are mostly asymptomatic but there have been cases of pancreatitis, gall stones and chondrocalcinosis noted in literature from FHH. Conclusion Distinguishing FHH from primary hyperparathyroidism is important as the former is benign and does not require any surgical intervention while latter is cured with parathyroidectomy. This case identifies the role of primary care physicians in timely detection of hypercalcemia and subsequent diagnosis which can prevent unnecessary parathyroid surgical procedures as well as complications from hypercalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Effects of hypotensive resuscitation on uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目前国内外的动物实验和部分临床研究结果显示,低压复苏是治疗非控制性出血性休克较为合理的方案[1～4],但还没有人从增加血容量,减少应激反应引起的血管收缩、改善组织微循环氧供方面进行研究.本研究拟观察低压及低压扩容复苏对腹腔实质脏器损伤非控制性出血性休克的治疗效果。