jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Patient characteristics associated with a poor response to non-surgical multidisciplinary management of knee osteoarthritis: a multisite prospective longitudinal study in an advanced practice physiotherapist-led tertiary service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To explore patient characteristics recorded at the initial consultation associated with a poor response to non-surgical multidisciplinary management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in tertiary care. Design Prospective multisite longitudinal study. Setting Advanced practice physiotherapist-led multidisciplinary orthopaedic service within eight tertiary hospitals. Participants 238 patients with KOA. Primary and secondary outcome measures Standardised measures were recorded in all patients prior to them receiving non-surgical multidisciplinary management in a tertiary hospital service across multiple sites. These measures were examined for their relationship with a poor response to management 6 months after the initial consultation using a 15-point Global Rating of Change measure (poor response (scores −7 to +1)/positive response (scores+2 to+7)). Generalised linear models with binomial family and logit link were used to examine which patient characteristics yielded the strongest relationship with a poor response to management as estimated by the OR (95% CI). Results Overall, 114 out of 238 (47.9%) participants recorded a poor response. The odds of a poor response decreased with higher patient expectations of benefit (OR 0.74 (0.63 to 0.87) per 1/10 point score increase) and higher self-reported knee function (OR 0.67 (0.51 to 0.89) per 10/100 point score increase) (p<0.01). The odds of a poor response increased with a greater degree of varus frontal knee alignment (OR 1.35 (1.03 to 1.78) per 5° increase in varus angle) and a severe (compared with mild) radiological rating of medial compartment degenerative change (OR 3.11 (1.04 to 9.3)) (p<0.05). Conclusions These characteristics may need to be considered in patients presenting for non-surgical multidisciplinary management of KOA in tertiary care. Measurement of these patient characteristics may potentially better inform patient-centred management and flag the need for judicious monitoring of outcome for some patients to avoid unproductive care.
Bubble NIPPV: Guidelines for Use

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Neonatal respiratory distress is a primary contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Non-invasive respiratory support such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and bubble NCPAP (bNCPAP) are often used as the first line of treatment for neonatal respiratory distress, including respiratory distress syndrome; however, many hospitals in low- and middle-income countries do not have access to advanced respiratory support devices beyond NCPAP. A novel, non-invasive bubble positive pressure ventilation device has been developed as a low-cost, non-electric alternative to providing respiratory support in such scenarios. In this article, we propose evidence-based guidelines for the initiation, titration, and weaning of the new device.
Systematic evaluation of the effect of common SNPs onpre-mRNA splicing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: The evolutionary and biomedical importance of differential mRNA splicing is well established, especially with regard to pathophysiological conditions. Up to 60% of mutations that contribute to disease development have been proposed to do so by disrupting splicing events. Erroneous splice site usage is also observed in numerous diseases. Problem: Identification and functional annotation of single-nucleotides polymorphisms that interfere with splicing mechanisms (‘splice SNPs') is a major challenge and needs to be supported by an efficient method. Solution: 1) A high-throughput methodology was established to facilitate the screening of allele-dependent splicing in a high-throughput fashion (ElSharawy et al., 2006). The method integrated a package of four new software tools and was mainly based on using a panel of 92 matched pairs of individual-specific gDNA and cDNA samples. For each SNP, 16 cDNAs providing a balanced representation of the genotypes at the respective SNP were investigated by nested RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing. Putative allele-dependent splicing events were verified by cloning and sequencing. 2) A systematic, SNP-centered approach was followed and the database dbSNP was screened to filter a group of common SNPs at either canonical splice sites or ESEs that were classified as putatively splicing-relevant by bioinformatics tools. This was completed in two screening rounds using web-based tools (Alex’s splice site score calculator and ESEfinder) and neural network, respectively. A group of SNPs at NAGNAG tandem repeat sites was also tested (ElSharawy et al., 2008). Results and conclusion: As a result of genotyping, the 223 non-redundant candidate SNPs were experimentally tested, and 18 allele-dependent splicing events were identified, of which 15 were novel and 3 exhibited an already known functional relevance. However, the positive predictive value of the bioinformatics tools turned out to be low, ranging from 0% for ESEFinder to 9% (in the case of acceptor site SNPs) for the neural network. Overall, the currently available bioinformatics tools contribute little to the understanding as to how common genetic variation impacts mRNA splicing. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative system. A proof of concept and outlook: The present study made some preliminary steps to develop a novel in vitro fluorescence-based splice reporter system. The ongoing systematic and hypothesis-driven experiments, which combine the advantages of FACS-based reporter constructs with a dichromatic readout method (a defined and experimentally controlled system) and ultra-high-throughput second generation sequencing technology, will serve to establish an efficient means to address many splice-related topics, and thus, would improve our understanding of mammalian splice site anatomy.
[Standards, options and recommendations for the management of prostate cancer: therapeutic decision criteria].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main recommendations are: 1) Specific survival with a minimum of 15 years follow-up, is required to assess the impact of a treatment for localised prostate cancer. 2) Ten-year metastatic-free survival is a good endpoint for assessing treatment efficacy for local cancer. 3) Complete remission is defined as undetectable PSA concentration (< 0.1 mug.L- 1). 4) Progression after radical prostactectomy, external-beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy is defined as an increase PSA concentration, measured in three successive determinations, at monthly intervals. 5) Clinical stage, Gleason score and pretherapeutic PSA concentration are the prognostic factors for locoregional involvement and therefore treatment response, which should be used as an aid for therapeutic decision-making.
Acoustic tracking of bats in clutter environments using microphone arrays

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, uses echolocation for foraging and orientation. Bats can change the echolocation calls dependent on the environments. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the changes of acoustic characteristics of these calls. In this study, the flight path of the bat were tracked by computing the time differences of arrivals (TDOA) at the microphone array system in the flight room. The acoustic patterns of echolocation calls could be calculated from the measured call data at each microphone by compensating the spread and absorption loss. The head aim and beam pattern at each harmonics were computed from these acoustic patterns of echolocation calls. It was examined whether these acoustics beam patterns were dependent on clutter environment, that is, density of chains. [This research was supported by ONR, NSF, and JST, CREST.]
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education systems worldwide, leading to the mass closures of schools and universities. Since April 3, 2020, over 1.7 billion school and university students have stopped attending educational institutions due to their closure as part of efforts to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Over 180 countries proceeded to close educational institutions across their territory, which has affected 97% of the global student population. Not only has the shutting down of schools impacted students, teachers and families, it has also had broader economic and social repercussions. The shutting down of schools as part of the response to COVID-19 has highlighted various social and economic problems such as digital learning, homelessness, food shortages, as well as health care, child care, the internet, housing, and the care of elderly and disabled persons. The impact has been even more severe on children with developmental disabilities and their families, since it has led to an interruption of education and to care provision difficulties, and therefore also to additional expenses for families prevented from working. As a response to the closing of schools, UNESCO has proposed the implementation of distance education programs and open educational resources and platforms which could be used by schools and teachers so as to be accessible to every student, thus limiting the interruption and disruption of teaching and education.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF AGEING AND GAMMA IRRADIATION ON THE SOMATIC CELLS OF LATHYRUS SATIVUS L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gamma irradiation is one of the most important physical mutagen used for inducing beneficial as well as harmful cytogenetic effects in many crop plants. The cytogenetic changes occurring due to the storage of Lathyrus sativus L. seeds after gamma irradiation were examined during the present study. Mitotic index showed a dose dependant decrease while the dose and duration of treatments increased. The effect of ageing accompanied with gamma irradiation was found to be more deleterious as compared to that of individual treatments of the two. Various chromosomal abnormalities viz. fragmentation, scattering, bridges, laggards, stickiness, etc. were found at all the three treatment sets. A significant reduction in moisture content, germination percentage and increase in the percentage of chromosomal anomalies was recorded maximum in the stored gamma irradiated seeds which ultimately ensures the fact that immediate sowing of the irradiated seeds is of prime importance and it may adversely affect the survivability of the seeds as well as plant when sowing is delayed.
Diffusion Rates of Plasticizers in Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

第1報で報告した塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度と, 混和物の2次転移点および体積固有抵抗との関係を検討した。混和物の可撓温度をTf (°K), 樹脂の重量分率を恥とすると, 1/Tf～ic2の間には直線関係が成立する。logD～1/Tfの関係は, 10O℃ 以上においては, Boyerの指摘したように, 直線関係が成立するが, 50℃ になると曲線になり, 20℃ になると可塑剤の種類に無関係にほぼ一定の関係が成立する。混和物の体積固有抵抗をρとすると, log (ρw2)～logDの間には, 可塑剤の種類に無関係に直線関係が成立する。
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN COLLAGEN & SIMPLE PARAFFIN DRESSING APPLIED ON SKIN GRAFT DONOR SITE WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON VANCOUVER SCAR SCALE AND PATIENT & OBSERVER SCAR ASSESSMENT SCALE (POSAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND \nSplit skin grafting (SSG) is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Ideal donor site scar should be soft, supple, and flat with \nnormal pigmentation. Collagen sheets have been used as a donor site dressing which comes close to being called an ideal donor \nsite dressing. \nThe objective of the study was to compare effect of collagen and simple paraffin dressing on wound healing and scar \nformation on skin graft donor site. \nMATERIALS AND METHODS \nThis is a comparative study, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with a sample size of 30 patients, study carried out in \npatients posted for skin grafting in Department of Surgery, M.G.M Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, by dividing the \ndonor site wound into medial half and lateral half by doing half dressing with collagen and other half by simple liquid paraffin \nand assess the scar at 21st day and compare the scar healing by Vancouver Scar Scale and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment \nScale (POSAS). \nRESULTS \nWound healing is better with collagen when compared to simple paraffin dressing as a material for donor site wound. Significant \nreduction in pain (p-value= 0.007) and pruritus (p-value= 0.001) in patients with collagen dressing was noted on post op day \n21. \nCONCLUSION \nCollagen application to donor site wound (DSW) is better than simple paraffin dressing in relation to early wound healing with \nbetter scar results and patient comfort. \n
Characterization, Localization, Essentiality, and High-Resolution Crystal Structure of Glucosamine 6-Phosphate N -Acetyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A gene predicted to encode Trypanosoma brucei glucosamine 6-phosphate N -acetyltransferase ( TbGNA1 ; EC 2.3.1.4) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . The recombinant protein was enzymatically active, and its high-resolution crystal structure was obtained at 1.86 Å. Endogenous TbGNA1 protein was localized to the peroxisome-like microbody, the glycosome. A bloodstream-form T. brucei GNA1 conditional null mutant was constructed and shown to be unable to sustain growth in vitro under nonpermissive conditions, demonstrating that there are no metabolic or nutritional routes to UDP-GlcNAc other than via GlcNAc-6-phosphate. Analysis of the protein glycosylation phenotype of the TbGNA1 mutant under nonpermissive conditions revealed that poly- N -acetyllactosamine structures were greatly reduced in the parasite and that the glycosylation profile of the principal parasite surface coat component, the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), was modified. The significance of results and the potential of TbGNA1 as a novel drug target for African sleeping sickness are discussed.
Cardioneuroablation for asystolic reflex syncope-left or right atrial approach? A randomized prospective Roman II study-preliminary results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Background Cardioneuroablation (CNA) by means of radiofrequency ablation of ganglionated plexi (GP) has emerged as a new promising therapeutic tool in patients with asystolic reflex syncope, however, optimal procedural strategy has not yet been established. Purpose To compare acute efficacy of CNA using right atrial (RA) versus left atrial (LA) approach. Methods This prospective randomized study included 36 patients (age: 40±13 years, 14 males) who were randomized to the RA group (n=19) or LA group (n=17). Intra-procedural efficacy of CNA was measured using extracardiac vagal stimulation [(ECVS) [50 Hz, 0.05 ms, 1 V/kg (&lt;70V), 5 s)]. If RF applications in the RA group occurred ineffective (firstly, paraseptal GPs - RAGP and PMLGP, followed by Ao-SVC GP and PMLGP from coronary sinus) there was a crossover to the LA where further applications were performed. Similarly, if RF applications in the LA group (paraseptal GPs, followed by LSGP and LIGP) did not cause complete vagal denervation on ECVS, there was a crossover to the RA. Results Both groups were comparable concerning clinical and demographic parameters. In the RA group complete vagal denervation confirmed by ECVS was achieved in 7 (37%) patients versus 14 (82%) patients from the LA group (p=0.008). Of 12 crossovers from RA to LA, 7 (58%) were due to ineffective CNA, 2 (17%) due to permanent nodal rhythm precluding accurate localization of sinus node, and 3 (25%) due to earliest sinus node activation and/or phrenic nerve course at the site of potential RF applications. In the LA group, all 3 crossovers were due to lack of complete vagal denervation on ECVS. Finally, after all crossovers, in all patients lack of response to ECVS was achieved. Procedural time (107±24 vs 106±24 min), x-ray dose (2,12±2,72 vs 2,08±2,64 Gycm2 and 17,43±20,38 vs 17,22±40,08 mGy), and electrophysiological parameters measured before and after CNA were similar in both groups. No complications were noted. Conclusions CNA in the LA is more often associated with complete vagal denervation compared with the RA approach only. CNA performed in both atria (after crossovers) resulted in unresponsiveness to ECVS in all patients. Thus, biatrial CNA may be a preferable approach. Whether these results translate to long-term efficacy of CNA needs to be established.
Mature Field and Well Revitalization: Selection of Matrix Acidizing Candidates

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The authors were motivated to conduct this study due to a notable drop in the production of mature fields in Indonesia. This decline in production can be attributed to several factors, including reservoir heterogeneity, resulting in an uneven distribution of fluids and pressure within the reservoir. Well-stimulation techniques such as matrix acidizing can be employed to increase well production. With matrix acidizing, acid is injected into the formation surrounding the wellbore to dissolve minerals and improve permeability, thereby increasing the flow of fluids from the well. Before implementing this method, the well screening process must be conducted to optimize workflow efficiency and ensure that the wells are suitable for matrix acidizing. This paper presents a comprehensive workflow to identify the most qualified candidates for matrix acidizing. The heterogeneity index (HI) concept was used to classify the well's condition and other parameters, such as the well's estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). After obtaining a short list of wells, nodal analysis, well design for matrix acidizing, and potential gain calculation from stimulation results were performed. The study evaluated 24 wells and identified three suitable candidates for matrix acidizing, all showing significant production increases according to the production data. This study proves that using the HI concept for well selection and matrix acidizing stimulation can effectively raise well productivity in Indonesia's mature oil fields
Skeletal muscle adaptations for maximizing exercise performance

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A description of the skeletal muscle adaptations responsible for the large variations in exercise performance between and within species are outlined. These variations arise from phenotypic expression, muscle mass, and fiber quality. Specific adaptations in cross-bridge dynamics, contractile and regulatory protein isoforms, amounts of Ca 2+ releasing and sequestering structures, metabolic capacity, and design inherent in the different fiber types are discussed. The alterations associated with physical stimuli generally involve changes in the rates of protein degradation and synthesis, whereas nonphysiological stimuli are normally required to induce changes in the kinds of proteins produced.
HPB P15 A retrospective cohort study investigating the progression of sarcopenia and its impact on outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease, with surgical resection providing the best chance of survival. However, many patients are not eligible for surgery. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) offers the potential to downsize the disease to enable resection for patients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced (LA) PDAC. This study aims to assess changes in body composition during NAT, in particular, the progression of sarcopenia, and how this impacts outcomes in these patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study including 65 patients with BR or LA-PDAC who underwent NAT between January 2017 and December 2020. Routine baseline and post-NAT computed tomography scans were analysed for changes in sarcopenia and adiposity measurements. The impact of these changes on chance of resection and overall survival was assessed. Additionally, the effect of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) on these changes and outcomes was investigated. Results Muscle mass and adiposity decreased during NAT (p&lt;0.05). 42% received resection following NAT. Those who were still not eligible for resection experienced greater reductions in muscle mass (-0.84cm2/m2 vs - 0.36cm2/m2, p=0.005) and subcutaneous adipose (-43.3cm2 vs -19.7cm2, p=0.033). Changes in body composition were not independently associated with overall survival. Patients receiving PERT experienced less reduction in muscle mass (-0.41cm2/m2 vs -0.82cm2/m2, p=0.0009). Conclusions This study suggests that there is progression of sarcopenia and a reduction in adiposity during NAT, which could preclude surgical resection of PDAC. PERT may reduce the progression of sarcopenia. Larger studies in this field are required to draw reliable conclusions.
Peer Review #3 of "Analysis of inferior nasal turbinate volume in subjects with nasal septum deviation: a retrospective cone beam tomography study (v0.2)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background-The association of the linear dimensions of the inferior turbinate hypertrophy with nasal septal deviation has been studied recently.However, the volumetric dimensions provide more accurate status of the turbinate hypertrophy compared to linear measurements.The aim of this study was to analyze the association of inferior nasal turbinate volume with the degree of nasal septal deviation (NSD).Methods-A retrospective evaluation of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 412 patients was carried out to obtain 150 scans which were included in the study. .The scans were categorized into 3 groups.Group 1 comprised of 50 scans of patients with no inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) and no nasal septal deviation .Group 2 comprised of 50 scans of patients with ITH and no NSD.Whereas Group 3 included 50 scans of patients with ITH and NSD.The total turbinate volume of inferior turbinates (bilateral) were determined by using Vesalius 3D software (PS-Medtech, Amsterdam, Netherlands).Results-The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the volumetric estimations performed by the two radiologist was 0.82.There was no significant age and gender related changes in the total turbinate volume.Patients in Group 3 had significantly higher (p=0.001)total turbinate volume compared to Group 2 and Group 1.There was a positive and a significant correlation (r= 0.52, P=0.002) between the degree of septal deviation and total turbinate volume.When the total turbinate volume of the patients with different types of septal deviation was compared in Group 3, a statistically significant difference (P=0.001) was observed.Regression analysis revealed that the septal deviation angle (SDA) (P=0.001)