jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Derivation of efficient color-space conversion formulae for n -dimensional interpolation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Conversions from one color-space to another are frequently used in image processing. Many conversion methods have been described mathematically, a few of which have been elevated to be international standards. However, for some conversions, purely mathematically based methods have been found wanting, and the method of measurement and interpolation has been used to produced more accurate results. Nowhere is this method more prevalently used than in dealing with colors resulting from combinations of inks or toners applied to paper. Although ink or toner colors of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black are most commonly used, the use of a larger number of inks or toners that expand the color gamut is becoming more important for high fidelity color printing. The subject of this paper is the derivation of true n-dimensional linear interpolation formulae that are much more efficient than "tri-linear" or "quad-linear" and that can be used to convert from one n-dimensional color-space to another of equal, fewer or greater dimensions. The mathematical principle to be used for deriving the formulae is called axiom based induction. An interesting application of these formulae might be the conversion of a seven-dimensional color-space to a four dimensional color-space that would allow a seven-color master image to be "re-purposed" for printing by a less costly four-color method. Another application might be the use of a seven-dimensional interpolation, applied iteratively to produce a "corner turn," that could allow the direct mapping of three-dimensional color into seven-dimensional ink densities. An example of interpolation errors resulting from round-trip conversion of three to four and back to three dimensions will be given.
Let's talk about it: Sexuality and relationships education for girls with a disability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A young female student with an intellectual disability approached her teacher during a lunch break. The girl told the teacher she felt sick in the tummy and that she had blood on her underpants. The teacher asked the student if she had any pads in her school bag and the student said no. The teacher then suggested to the student that she go to the sick bay and ask for a pad. The student did as she was directed. When the teacher later went to check on her she was found lying on the bed in the sick bay with a sanitary pad stuck to her forehead.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Quality of Fruits in Triploid Hybrid Grapes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid and several plant growth regulators on growth and quality of fruits in triploid grapes. The gibberellic acid (GA₃, 50 and 100 ㎎ L?¹) and GA₃ (100 ㎎ L?¹) with other plant growth regulators such as streptomycin (SM, 200 ㎎ L?¹), mepiquat chloride (MC, 880 ㎎ L?¹), and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU, 2.5 ㎎ L?¹) were treated to grapes. There were no noticeable differences in fruit growth and quality of grapes when only GA₃ were treated as 50 or 100 ㎎ L?¹ in all of triploid hybrid grapes. Statistically significant effects on the enlargement of cluster weight and berry size were shown in ‘KB0120’, ‘KN200110’, ‘KS20015’, ‘KTS011’, ‘YRB9803’ triploid hybrids treated with 100 ㎎ L?¹ GA₃+ 2.5 ㎎ L?¹ CPPU. In combined treatment of 100 ㎎ L?¹ GA₃ and 2.5 ㎎ L?¹ CPPU treatment, harvest time was delayed for up to 10 days. The sugar content and organic acid varied depending on the hybrid conditions. The decline of total sugar content was the highest in 100 ㎎ L?¹ GA₃+ 200 ㎎ L?¹ SM for all hybrid grapes. There were no differences between 100 ㎎ L?¹ GA₃+ 2.5 ㎎ L?¹ CPPU and GA₃ alone treatment in organic acid and total sugar contents. The results indicated that combined berry treatment of 100 ㎎ L?¹ GA₃ and 2.5 ㎎ L?¹ CPPU seem to be useful for the production of high quality fruit in triploid hybrid grapes.
The Tragedy of the Revolution

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A polemic on revolution and heroism is how Adrian Cristobal describes this account of Andres Bonifacio's life and death in the Katipunan, the organization he founded and led in the revolution against Spain. Cristobal locates his subject's fate within the context of the larger tragedy of the Filipino people. This book shows how tribalism, thirst for power, and diabolical manipulation marred the nobility of the struggle for national freedom.
A Road Map to Comprehensive Androgen Receptor Axis Targeting for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Gonadal androgen suppression (castration via orchiectomy or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues) suppresses circulating testosterone levels but does not achieve adequate androgen ablation within the prostate cancer microenvironment because it does not address adrenal and intratumoral steroid contributions. These residual extragonadal sources of androgens allow prostate cancer cells to survive, adapt, and evolve into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The persistent significance of the androgen receptor (AR) axis in CRPC was recently validated by the clinical efficacy of androgen synthesis inhibitors (abiraterone) and novel, second-generation AR antagonists (enzalutamide). The appreciation that conventional therapeutic approaches achieve a suboptimal ablation of intratumoral androgens and AR axis signaling output opens transformative therapeutic opportunities. A treatment paradigm of comprehensive AR axis targeting at multiple levels (androgen synthesis, metabolism, and action) and at all relevant sites (gonadal, adrenal, intratumoral) simultaneously at the time of initiation of endocrine therapy (instead of the current approach of sequentially adding one agent at a time and only after disease progression) deserves examination in clinical trials to explore whether maximal first-line AR axis suppression via combination therapy can achieve maximal induction of cancer cell apoptosis (before they have the chance to adapt and evolve into CRPC) and thus, improve patient outcomes. Cancer Res; 73(15); 4599–605. ©2013 AACR.
Modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression due to ischemia-reperfusion in isolated rat heart

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) i a common feature present in different pathologies such as acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease as well as in various clinical maneuvers following cardiac bypass surgery, heart transplantation, coronary angioplasty and thrombolysis. This study addressed the following hypothesis: IR induces long-term cardiac dysfunction in remnant myocytes by modulating SR mRNA expression for the Ca2+-cycling proteins such as Ca2+-pump ATPase, Ca2+-release channels, phospholamban and calsequestrin. Thirty minutes of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion of the isolated rat heart resulted in impaired cardiac performance, SR function as well as reduced levels of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins. These changes were accompanied by depressed mRNA expression of SR proteins. In view of the occurrence of hypoxia and substrate lack in the ischemic heart, we investigated the role of these factors in the alterations observed during reperfusion. Hearts perfused with oxygenated medium containing glucose after 30 min of oxygen or glucose deprivation showed partial recovery of heart function with normal levels of expression of the SR mRNA and proteins. Hearts perfused with normal medium after deprivation of both glucose and oxygen showed partial functional recovery with normal levels of SR protein expression despite depressed transcript levels of the SR Ca2+-cycling proteins. This implicates that both hypoxia and gluco se deprivation during the ischemic phase are important factors for the occurrence of IR-induced injury. The role of oxidative stress in IR induced injury was investigated by treating IR hearts with superoxide dismutase plus catalase. This treatment improved cardiac performance, SR function and mRNA expression in the IR hearts. Alterations provoked due to oxidative stress were confirmed when hearts treated with H2O2 and xanthine plus xanthine oxidase (source of superoxide radical) showed results similar to those observed in the IR hearts. Some experiments were also carried out to examine the effect of Ca 2+-overload, which occurs during the reperfusion phase of IR, on cardiac performance and SR function. For this purpose, Ca2+-overload was induced by perfusing hearts for 5 min with a Ca2+-free buffer followed by 30 min of perfusion with a Ca2+-containing medium. Ca2+-depleted/repleted hearts showed impaired functional recovery with drastic decrease in the SR function, protein content and mRNA expression. These results indicate that both oxidative stress and Ca 2+-overload are major players in inducing changes in SR function and mRNA expression in the IR hearts. IR hearts treated with B-adrenoceptor blockers (atenolol or propranolol) have shown marked protection of cardiac performance, SR function and protein and mRNA expression of the SR proteins. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Appositional long bone growth: Implications for measuring cross‐sectional geometry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives As growth at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces varies with age, cross‐sectional geometric (CSG) properties derived from periosteal (“solid”) contours may not produce comparable results to those from endosteal and periosteal contours (“true”), contrary to findings from adults. Error in CSG properties derived from the “solid” sections is compared with “true” sections in a sample of archeologically derived skeletons with estimated dental ages ranging from 1.5 months to 23.5 years. Materials and Methods Cross sections were extracted from 3D surface models, and endosteal contours were located from biplanar radiographs for 56 femora and 59 humeri. Polar second moment of area ( J ), cross‐sectional shape ( I max / I min ), and polar section modulus ( Z p ) were calculated from solid and true sections. Relationships between solid and true properties were examined with least squares regression. Multiple regression examined the effect of age and % cortical area on solid section CSG error. Results While correlations were high ( R 2 = 0.72–0.99, all p < 0.001), the results indicate that solid CSG properties are not within an acceptable error range (%SEE of ≤8.0, and %PE of ≤5.0) of true CSG. Error was most affected by %CA, while estimated age was not correlated with %CA, %PE, or percent difference of true‐solid CSG. Discussion Periosteal contours alone should not be used to calculate CSG properties from individuals during the period of growth and development. Variation in bone growth and/or adaptive responses independent of age may account for the inconsistent age effects.
Investigation of the Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on The High-Viscosity Oil from Yarega Field In Komi Republic (Russian Federation)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The present work is devoted to experimental research of physical fields influence on rheological characteristics of heavy oil from Timan-Pechora region was study different types of exposure (ultrasound, magnetic field, pulsed magnetic transducer) on high-viscosity oil. Was described all used unit in work and shown figures about viscosity change after each one of fields and mix. In the end was made conclusions about better way to decrease the parameters of heavy oil viscosity.
Artificial augmented dataset for the enhancement of nano-QSARs models. A methodology based on topological projections

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanoinformatics demands accurate predictive models to assess the potential hazards of nanomaterials (NMs). However, limited data availability and the diverse nature of NMs physicochemical properties and their interaction with biological media, hinder the development of robust nano-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models. This article proposes an approach that combines artificially data generation techniques and topological projections to address the challenges of insufficient dataset sizes and their limited representativeness of the chemical space. By leveraging the rich information embedded in the topological features, this methodology enhances the representation of the chemical space, enabling a more an exploration of the structure-activity relationships. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through extensive experiments, employing various machine learning regression algorithms to validate the methodology. Finally, we compare two different resampling approaches based on different modeling scenarios. The results showcase a significant improved predictive performance of QSAR models demonstrating a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of small datasets in the field of nanoinformatics. The proposed approach offers noteworthy potential for advancing nanoinformatics research within the nanosafety domain by enabling the development of more accurate predictive models for assessing the potential hazards associated with NMs.
The Levinson Theory in the Detection of

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT In 2004, Malaysian Education Ministry (KPM) had begun its “Pilot Program of Dyslexia-Specific Learning Problems”, and currently in 2012 there are already 49 primary schools with 86 dyslexia classes throughout Malaysia. This study focuses on the detection of spelling errors in the Malay Language essay-writing done by dyslexic children all across Terengganu, Malaysia. This spelling error detection was centralized on the Levinson Theory, 1994. This theory has shown seven aspects of errors in the writing done by dyslexic children, namely errors in terms of (i) elimination, (ii) transfer, (iii) insertion, (iv) replacement, (v) reversal, (vi) wild guess, and (vii) condensation. This study was done on eight dyslexic children aged 10 years old registered with the Society Welfare Department, Terengganu and all of them were adopted as the sample of the study. The study find-ings have demonstrated that elimination, replacement and wild guess were among the most committed by the subjects. Meanwhile, in terms of transfer, reversal and condensation, they were the lowest committed by the subjects. The study outcome had given priority to the instructors of the dyslexic class, for them to make some improvements on the teaching and learning strategies in facilitating the process of mastering the spelling for the subject of study. The variety of therapies used to promote spelling mastery can be used as a consolidation in learning and to strengthen exercises both in school and outside class hours.
Effect of Different Fertilization and Density on Content of Soluble Sugar of Soybean Seed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the dynamics of soluble sugar content of soybean seed under different fertilization and density treatment.[Method] High production soybean variety Xindadou 1,Shidadou 1 and Heinong 40 were selected.And the soluble sugar content of soybean seed was measured with the treatment of A1(no nitrogen),A2(180 kg/hm2 N),A3(360 kg/hm2 N) and C1(150 000/hm2 N),C2(300 000 /hm2 N) by anthrone colorimetry.[Result]The soluble sugar content of different variety decreased after an initial increase.The time when the maximum value of the soluble sugar in the lower level achieved was earlier than that in the intermediate deck,and that of the intermediate deck was earlier than that of the upper formation.The soluble sugar content of different soybean variety under the nitrogen level showed high amount nitrogen treatment the middle amount nitrogen treatment the low amount nitrogen treatment.Under different density processing,seed soluble sugar content of different varieties showed upper formation intermediate deck lower level.[Conclusion] Expression of high production soybean variety not only has high-yielding varieties of its own genetic characteristics,but also need such as proper fertilization and watering cultivation and management measures.
Seasonal alterations in the serum prolactin and LH levels in the water buffaloes

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

It has hem established that buffaloes come to heat during summer months (low breeding period) but do not exhibit clear cut heat symptoms. Because of this, many good animals remain unmated during summer. Hence, it was felt essential to study the endocrine physiology of buffalo, which is the main dairy animal in this country. By using radioimmunoassay technique, serum prolactin and LH levels in Surti breed of Indian water buffaloes were determined. Blood samples were collected at specific phases of the estrous cycle throughout the year and the samples were divided into three categories namely, medium breeding (monsoon), peak breeding (winter) and low breeding (summer) periods. Large fluctuations in prolactin activity were observed at different phases of the estrus during monsoon and winter but not in summer. Specifically, during monsoon and winter seasons a sharp fall in prolactin levels after ovulation was noted.
[Cardiac deformity and dysfunction in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy--electrocardiogram, ECG gate cardiac MRI studies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the cardiac deformity and dysfunction in 8 patients with facio-scapulo-humeral (FSH) muscular dystrophy by electrocardiogram (ECG) and ECG gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two of the 8 FSH patients revealed elevated P waves and 3 of these patients revealed multifocal atrial premature contractions (APC) on ECG as reported previously. On ECG-gated MRI, the flattened thorax with anteriorly shifted vertebrae restricted the right ventricular movement. On the other hand, the right atrium is often enlarged. It is known that the patients suffering from severe "funnel chest" or "straight back syndrome" often develop similar ECG abnormalities and right atrial dysfunction resulting from restricted right ventricular dilatation. Although a possibility that the abnormal P waves or multifocal APC frequently observed in FSH are caused by myocardial degeneration selectively occurring in right atrium remains to be excluded, the characteristic thoracic deformity may play a primary role in the development of cardiac problems in this hereditary muscular disorder.
Total automation of medical biology laboratories

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This literature review provides a detailed examination of the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical tasks that can be automated within the operations of a medical biology laboratory. We conduct an in-depth analysis of the various components of automation, making precise distinctions between no automation, partial automation, and full automation. The objectives and expectations associated with full automation will be discussed, while identifying the limitations and challenges inherent in it. In conclusion, we present prospects for automation in this vital area of medicine, highlighting anticipated technological advances and emerging opportunities that will shape the future of laboratory practices.
Some Observations on Tests for Intergranular Susceptibility of 18-8 Mo Stainless Steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It is the intentions of the authors of this paper to focus attention on the tests used to determine the susceptibility to intergranular attack of stainless alloys. It is pointed out that a large number of variables exist in the present testing practice and that a standard practice should be inaugurated. Using an acidified copper sulfate solution, a series of tests was made on type 316 heats to determine the effects of the stabilizing heat-treatment temperature (1550 and 1650 F.), stabilizing heat-treatment time and the cooling rate after the stabilizing heat treatment. It is shown that the cooling rate after stabilizing is important since it can effect sensitization of the alloy. Another series of tests was made to study the effects of sensitizing type 316 heats at 800 and 900 F. for 500 hr. after the stabilizing heat treatment. In these tests the regular type 316 alloys failed. However most of the low-carbon (0.03 per cent carbon maximum) type 316 heats sustained the sensitizing treatment at 800 and 900 F. for 500 hr. and exhibited immunity to intergranular attack. Some tests were made on type 316 Cb2 in order that some comparison could be made with the low-carbon type 316. In another series of tests, specimens of low-carbon type 316 and type 316 Cb were sensitized at 900 and 1020 F. for times up to 1000 hr. The results of these tests show that the low-carbon type 316 alloy will sensitize at the low temperature if held for a sufficient length of time.
[Accessory scrotum with lipoma: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A newborn male infant was referred to our clinic because of anomalies of external genitalia. The infant was born at term after a normal pregnancy and delivery, and was appropriate for gestational age. A tumor mass covered with scrotum-like skin on its tip was noticed in the right side of perineum between the scrotum and anus. The raphe, which ran along the midline at the penis and the normal scrotum, circumscribed the right side of this structure. Both testes had descended into the scrotum. The condition was associated with incomplete penoscrotal transposition. There was no other urological anomaly including lower urinary tract. Histological findings of the tumor indicated perineal lipoma, and the scrotum-like portion was diagnosed as an accessory scrotum. Thirty-one report cases of the accessory scrotum including our own were reviewed and discussed.
What's it like on the inside? The impact of self-concept on the educational engagement and delinquency of young offenders in a custodial setting

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research suggests that educational engagement is important in reducing the likelihood of reoffending by young people. This study assessed the relationship that self-concept and self-concept related constructs, had with educational engagement and delinquency in a sample of incarcerated young offenders. The life stories of 15 young offenders were also examined. The findings indicated that young offenders’ self-concepts, temperament and character predicted both their educational engagement and delinquency, suggesting that self-concept may be particularly relevant to rehabilitative efforts with young offenders. The findings also provide insight into how young offenders’ life experiences contribute to the development of negative self-beliefs, which influence their engagement in education.
Provisional Semantics: Addressing the Challenges of Representing Multiple Perspectives Within Public Collections

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a reflective account of the AHRC-funded Provisional Semantics project, which focused on how museums and heritage organizations might produce search terms, catalogue entries and interpretation using ethical and equitable practices, particularly in relation to the artworks and histories of racialized and minoritized people, and in the context of a digitized national collection. As the project developed, the emphasis shifted toward a more fundamental enquiry into whether these objectives were achievable, given the structural racism and colonial logics inherent in the museum project and its conventions, histories, and infrastructure. Through a critical discussion of the project’s three case studies, the paper considers the following questions: what happens when we change words and clean data as a putative solution to problematic cataloguing? Can museums genuinely, equitably, and ethically represent multivocality? Why is embedded change in attitudes and behaviors hard to achieve and slow to happen? And is sector guidance for research and documentation fit for purpose in terms of genuine knowledge co-production and engagement?