jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fourteen‐year trends in the prescribing patterns of pediatric bipolar patients discharged from two public mental hospitals in Taiwan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The management of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) requires pharmacotherapy to control acute symptoms, reduce relapse, prevent suicide, and improve psychosocial functioning. The purpose of this study was to investigate prescribing patterns among PBD patients discharged from two public mental hospitals in Taiwan, from 2006 to 2019. Methods PBD patients discharged from the two study hospitals, from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2019 ( n = 420), were included in the analysis. Prescribed drugs at discharge, including mood stabilizers (i.e., lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine), antipsychotics (i.e., second‐ and first‐generation antipsychotics, SGAs and FGAs), and antidepressants, were explored. Complex polypharmacy was defined as the use of 3 or more agents among the prescribed drugs. Time trends of each prescribing pattern were analyzed using the Cochran‐Armitage Trend test. Results The most commonly prescribed psychotropic agents were SGAs (76.0%), followed by valproate (65.7%) and FGAs (24.8%). The prescription rates of SGAs, antidepressants, antidepressant plus antipsychotic, and antidepressant without mood stabilizer significantly increased over time, whereas the prescription rates of mood stabilizers, lithium, and FGAs significantly decreased. Discussions Prescribing patterns changed greatly for PBD patients over time. However, much more evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychotropic agents in PBD patients is required.
AI as Co-Leader: Effects of Human Consideration and AI Structure Behaviors on Leadership Effectiveness and Neural Activation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With rapid technological advancements, AI has emerged as a potential performer of some leadership functions, supplementing or even substituting certain human leadership. The collaborative leadership dynamics between humans and AI remain underexplored. This study investigated the effects of human consideration (high versus low) and AI structure (high versus low) behaviors on task performance, subjective experiences, and neural activation in a human–AI co-lead scenario. A total of 80 participants engaged in quality inspection tasks that were co-led by human and AI leaders, with 20 participants randomly allocated to each behavior combination. The results revealed that high AI structure was associated with increased job-related satisfaction, employee engagement, and leader trust, while low AI structure slightly facilitated task completion speed (about 6.80%). High human consideration increased the trust in and satisfaction with the human leader. Overall, the combination of high consideration in the human leader and high structure in the AI leader enhanced leadership effectiveness and diversification of work methods (with 30% of participants choosing inspection methods other than AI suggestions). Low-structure AI leader behavior led to increased neural activation during the human-leading process in the prefrontal cortex, which was associated with increased attention, motivation, and semantic processing.
Hidden Markov Model for target tracking with UWB radar systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we demonstrate the application of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) for localization and tracking in ultra wide band (UWB) radar networks. To improve localization, a Voronoi region based approach is utilized to form a HMM for detection and tracking of mobile target. The observations used for the HMM localization are obtained from the power delay profile of the received signals. In UWB systems the use of entire power delay profiles instead of the total power only, allows to reach higher localization accuracy. This is due to the power delay profile being a measure of the power as well as the time of arrival. Simulation results suggest a performance gain of 7dB over the maximum likelihood estimation for localization in presence of path loss at intermediate values of signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Status of the BNL muon (g-2) experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The muon (g-2) experiment at Brookhaven has completed a first run. The main components of the experiment, which include the superconducting inflector, the superferric storage ring, the electrostatic quadrupoles and the lead-scintillating fiber electron calorimeters, have been commissioned satisfactorily. The analysis of data taken in June and July 1997 is in progress.
[The relationship between features of perceptive activity and the clinical characteristics of epilepsy patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author reports of convened studies concerning 32 epileptic patients and 30 normals (the control group) by the Rorschach method in correlation with clinical studies. Statistically significant differences were obtained in these groups of examinees. The study contains some data of the perceptive activity of epileptic patients in the light of psychopathological features inherent in these patients.
A new approach to measuring competition in the loan markets of the euro area

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article is the first that applies a new measure of competition, the Boone indicator, to the banking industry. This approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of competition can consider the entire banking market only. Like most other model-based measures, this approach ignores differences in bank product quality and design, as well as the attractiveness of innovations. We measure competition on the lending markets in the five major EU countries as well as, for comparison, the UK, the US and Japan. Our findings indicate that over the period 1994-2004 the US had the most competitive loan market, whereas overall loan markets in Germany and Spain were among the best competitive in the EU. The Netherlands occupied a more intermediate position, whereas in Italy competition declined significantly over time. The French, Japanese and UK loan markets were generally less competitive.
sym-DIPHENYLPYROPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC ACID: A NEW SUBSTRATE FOR THE COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ENZYMES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTsym-DIPHENYLPYROPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC ACID: A NEW SUBSTRATE FOR THE COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ENZYMESEliahu Boger and Orrie M. FriedmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 10, 2583–2584Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01543a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01543a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the dynamics of potassium and magnesium in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A pot culture experiment was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, India, to study the effect of potassium- magnesium interaction in plants using okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) as the test crop. The experiment was conducted on an alluvial soil, sandy clay in texture, acidic (pH- 4.9), high in organic carbon, and medium in available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The treatments included factorial combinations of four levels of potassium from K0 to K3 (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg K2O ha-1 as muriate of potash) and four levels of magnesium (Mg) from Mg0 to Mg3 (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg MgO ha-1). At all K levels, combined with Mg application at 10 kgha-1, an increase was observed in dry matter production but at higher levels of Mg a decrease occured. Increasing the level of K from K0 to K3 in the presence of low levels of Mg caused a progressive increase in the yield while at higher Mg levels increasing K reduced the yield. Increased addition of K without Mg significantly increased the crude protein contents. Application of Mg generally decreased the crude protein content of harvested fruits. Increasing the rate of K application also progressively and significantly decreased the crude fibre. The magnitude of decrease was increased in the presence of Mg. At all levels of Mg, as the K application rates increased, the ascorbic acid content also showed a significant increase.Addition of Mg caused a significant increase in the nitrogen (N) uptake at each level of K though the magnitude of increase diminished as levels of Mg increased. The application of high rates of Mg decreases the favorable effect of K on P uptake and hence Mg is seen to have an antagonistic effect on P uptake. A positive interaction existed between K and Mg on the uptake of K. At higher levels of K, a significant increase in K uptake was noticed as Mg levels were increased. Calcium (Ca) uptake was significantly reduced with increasing K levels especially in the absence of Mg. Though K application up to K2 caused a non significant increase in Mg uptake, further increase to K3 reduced the uptake. In the presence of a particular level of Mg, increasing the K levels did not bring about a significant variation in the sulphur uptake by the plant.
Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies in Cholangiocarcinoma: An Integrated Translational Approach towards Precision Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are heterogeneous biliary tract malignancies with dismal prognosis, mainly due to tumor aggressiveness, late diagnosis, and poor response to current therapeutic options. High-throughput technologies have been used as a fundamental tool in unveiling CCA molecular landscape, and several molecular classifications have been proposed, leading to various targeted therapy trials. In this review, we aim to analyze the critical issues concerning the status of precision medicine in CCA, discussing molecular signatures and clusters, related to both anatomical classification and different etiopathogenesis, and the latest therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we propose an integrated approach comprising the CCA molecular mechanism, pathobiology, clinical and histological findings, and treatment perspectives for the ultimate purpose of improving the methods of patient allocations in clinical trials and the response to personalized therapies.
Gramsci in Latin America between Literature and Society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article reconstructs the genesis and development of some Latin American conceptions of literature influenced by the thought of Antonio Gramsci. In Argentina, the work of Héctor Agosti is pioneering. It is followed by José Carlos Portantiero’s analysis of realism, where Gramsci is explicitly quoted as one of the main theoretical references. Gramsci’s influence is evident in elements such as the rejection of determinism, the Argentine contextualization of Marxist theoretical postulates, and the critic’s attention to literary form in the context of the relationship between literature and society. The Gramscian presence continues to be felt in Argentine journals such as Pasado y presente and La rosa blindada. The innovative characteristics of Gramsci’s reflections on art and literature have also been appreciated in other Latin American countries. In Brazil, although from a Lukácsian perspective, references to Gramsci’s aesthetic considerations are explicit in the work of Leandro Konder and Carlos Nelson Coutinho. After discussing the cases of Argentina and Brazil, the article takes Mexico into consideration. During the 1970s and 80s, the country was a laboratory for new Marxist literary ideas. The most interesting phenomenon of this new phase of reflection on literature inspired by Gramscian thought is the use of Gramsci not only inside Marxism, but also within contexts that are not strictly Marxist.
High-Mobility-Group Proteins NHP6A and NHP6B Participate in Activation of the RNA Polymerase IIISNR6 Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcription of yeast class III genes involves the formation of a transcription initiation complex that comprises RNA polymerase III (Pol III) and the general transcription factors TFIIIB and TFIIIC. Using a genetic screen for positive regulators able to compensate for a deficiency in a promoter element of the SNR6 gene, we isolated the NHP6A and NHP6B genes. Here we show that the high-mobility-group proteins NHP6A and NHP6B are required for the efficient transcription of the SNR6 gene both in vivo and in vitro. The transcripts of wild-type and promoter-defective SNR6 genes decreased or became undetectable in an nhp6ADelta nhp6BDelta double-mutant strain, and the protection over the TATA box of the wild-type SNR6 gene was lost in nhp6ADelta nhp6BDelta cells at 37 degrees C. In vitro, NHP6B specifically stimulated the transcription of SNR6 templates up to fivefold in transcription assays using either cell nuclear extracts from nhp6ADelta nhp6BDelta cells or reconstituted transcription systems. Finally, NHP6B activated SNR6 transcription in a TFIIIC-independent assay. These results indicate that besides the general transcription factors TFIIIB and TFIIIC, additional auxillary factors are required for the optimal transcription of at least some specific Pol III genes.
Educational social responsibility in the practice : new pathways in Argentina's training of principals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Promoting Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) requires institutional engagement of the whole school community and especially of the Principals and school heads. Educational Social Responsibility (ESR) constitutes a high-impact approach for the management of educational institutions aligned with ESD vision. Resolution 72/222 (2017) of the United Nations General Assembly recognized that ESD is an integral element of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) and decisively enables the achievement of all other SDGs (UNESCO, Framework for the implementation of ESD after 2019, n.1). In the training of directors of educational institutions in Argentina and Latin America there is a gap in relation to ESD. We present two initiatives of higher education institutions that seek to fill this vacancy: a postgraduate degree for principals of educational institutions that includes the ESR approach and a joint award between a State and a private university that recognizes best practices in schools. We analyzed the project proposals presented by principals and school heads attending de ESR seminar and asked them to reflect on the real impact and improvement opportunities in institutional management. We also present the impact of the ESR award in the community and the contribution to improve the knowledge of SDG.
Oxygen consumption in gamma irradiated mouse testes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An elevation in respiration accompanies the irradiation of mouse testes at 600 rad following a delay of two weeks. The high metabolic activity is maintained for several weeks after the initial exposure and is most probably associated with the recovery phase of the testes when spermatogonia A are repopulating the germinal epithelium. The correlation between these two events is indicative of the proliferation of cells which, while escaping death from irradiation, have sustained considerable and perhaps permanent injury which is subsequently expressed as the aberrant metabolism observed. Using the metabolic inhibitor DNP reveals little that is directly ascribable to the effects of gamma irradiation since the pattern of inhibition for each is essentially similar in control and irradiated samples. The use of ATP, on the other hand, suggests that metabolic control in regenerating testes may be highly modified. Alternative hypotheses are also discussed.
Experimental Study of Polish Sausage Drying Kinetics and Contraction by Image Data Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The goal of this paper has been to add an experimental data set for drying a meat product and provide a comparison with well-established thin-layer drying models. This article presented experimental investigations on the convective drying of Polish sausage slices at a temperature of 40°C. Slices have been in the thickness of 3 to 8mm. Measurements of mass loss and size change were performed. The data have been presented in the form of standard drying kinetics. Additionally, the estimation of the diffusion coefficient according to the simplified graphical approach is made. Based on the best-fit approach the coefficients for typical semiempirical correlations for MR (moisture ratio) estimation have been calculated and presented.
In vitroantifungal activity of Amphotericin B againstEmmonsia crescens

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The in vitro antifungal activity of Amphotericin B on a strain of Emmonsia crescens Emmons et Jellison, isolated in Czechoslovakia, has been studied. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in liquid medium was estimated and the diffusion plate technique was used. With aleuriospores as inoculum, MIC of the mycelial and adiasporic form of the fungus was 4 µg./ml.; it was 8 µg./ml. with adiaspores as inoculum. The inhibitory capacity of amphotericin B, determined by the diffusion method, was expressed by a regression equation which represents regression of the growth inhibition on antibiotic concentration. Die Arbeit beschreibt die in vitro-Wirksamkeit von Amphotericin B gegen einen in der Tschechoslowakei isolierten Stamm von Emmonsia crescens Emmons und Jellison. Es wurden die folgenden Parameter bestimmt: Die minimale, das Wachstum des Pilzes vollständig hemmende Konzentration des Antibioticums in Nährflüssigkeit (“Minimale Inhibitions-Konzentration” = MIK) und der Hemmzonen-Durchmesser bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen im Agarplatten-Diffusionstest. Die MIK betrug bei Verwendung von Aleuriosporen als Inoculum 4 µg./ml., bei Verwendung von Adiasporen 8 µg./ml.; diese gleichen Konzentrationen hemmten sowohl als Mycelwachstum als auch die Adiasporenbildung. Die Wirksamkeit im Agarplatten-Diffusionstest wurde in einer Regressionsgleichung ausgedrückt, aus der die lineare Abhängigkeit des durchschnittlichen Hemmzonen-Durchmesser vom Logarithmus der Konzentration des Antibioticums hervorgeht.
The Superiority Delusion and Critical Consciousness: The Paradox of Role-Taking Refusal in the Microfoundation of Dehumanization and Resistance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – Role-taking refusal was a foundational problem in Mead's work but was ignored by subsequent interactionists who focused on the benefits of role-taking – empathy and solidarity – but failed to examine how they are destroyed or crippled from emerging as inclusionary aspects of social consciousness. Role-taking refusal constitutes both the microfoundation of dehumanization in the case of the oppressor and, in the case of the oppressed, the microfoundation of resistance. Role-taking refusal is linked to Giddens's notion of the reflective project of the self, Omi and Winant's racial formation theory, Feagin's theory of systemic racism, and the perspective of Critical Race Theory.Methodology – I shall portray role-taking refusal by using historical, theoretical, and empirical works, especially ethnographic studies.Social implications – The oppressed know the image their oppressors have of them. Refusing to internalize this image is the first step – the microfoundation – of resistance. Role-taking refusal in the oppressed fosters critical consciousness, which, if solidarity with others is formed, can lead to collective action and, possibly, permanent institutional change.Originality – “The superiority delusion” is the paradigmatic ideology of all oppressors, deployed to justify their power, privilege, and prestige. This delusion is maintained by the microfoundation of dehumanization, which is a systematic refusal to role-take from those over whom oppressors oppress. All other ideologies that justify oppression are derived from some form of “the superiority delusion,” identifying for the first time role-taking refusal as paradoxically both the original sin of social relations and the foundation of social resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structural Elucidation of the 11‐Residue Peptaibol Antibiotic, Harzianin HK VI.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prevention of ischemia‐induced cardiac Sudden death by n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to obtain functional information associated with the prevention by n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of ischemia‐induced fatal cardiac ventricular arrhythmias in the intact, conscious, exercising dog. Thirteen dogs suceptible to ischemia‐induced ventricular fibrillation were prepared surgically by ligation of their anterior descending left coronary artery and placement of an inflatable cuff around their left circumflex artery. After 4 wk of recovery, exercise‐plus‐ischemia tests were performed without and then with an intravenous infusion of an emulsion of free n−3 PUFA just prior to occluding the left circumflex artery while the animals were running on a treadmill. One week later the exercise‐plus‐ischemia test was repeated but with a control infusion replacing the emulsion of n−3 PUFA. The infusion of the free n−3 PUFA in quantities of 1.0 to 10 g prevented ventricular fibrillation in 10 of the 13 dogs tested ( P <0.005), apparently without esterification of the PUFA into membrane phospholipids. The antiarrhythmic effect of the n−3 PUFA was associated with slowing of the heart rate, shortening of the QT‐interval (electrical action potential duration), reduction of left ventricular systolic pressure, and prolongation of the electrocardiographic atrial‐ventricular conduction time (P‐R interval). These effects are comparable with those we have reported in studies with cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.