jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Financial regulation and economic performance: A descriptive correlation study of American financial institutions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this descriptive correlation study with a logistic regression analysis was to examine the relationship between SEC regulatory compliance or malfeasance and the economic performance of American, publicly traded financial institutions from 2005 through 2010. The research study examined three research questions. The research questions addressed the relationship between a company’s financial performance and associated regulatory malfeasance or compliance as well as the type and volume of regulatory violations. Three predictor variables were operationalized as follows: (a) regulatory compliance or malfeasance, (b) the type of malfeasance, and (c) the volume of malfeasance. The study researched 74 publicly traded financial institutions categorized under SIC 6211. The results demonstrated that (a) neither regulatory compliance nor malfeasance were statistically related to the financial performance of the financial institutions, and (b) no significant relationship exists between the volume or type of regulatory malfeasance and the financial performance of the institutions researched. A statistically significant relationship (p-value=0.054) was uncovered between one specific type of regulatory violation and financial performance. Companies with violations categorized as irresponsible or unfair treatment of customers reported the weakest financial performance. The results were determined using several statistical methods of analysis.
Cerebral Zinc Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Most cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sporadic, and overall estimates of lifetime risk of developing AD in first-degree relatives of probands with AD suggest that only ≈50% of AD cases are influenced by hereditary risk factors (1). Meanwhile, a relatively low concordance rate of 40% in monozygotic twins (2) implicates nongenetic factors in the expression of the disease. Therefore, environmental factors could have a major impact on the pathogenesis of AD. Several environmental factors have been proposed to influence the onset of AD. However, the study of the influence of a candidate stressor on the generation of hallmark pathology of AD has been a classic approach that initially implicated aluminum exposure in the generation of neurofibrillary tangles (3,4). We have similarly explored candidate environmental or dietary factors that may impact on the deposition of Aβ as amyloid in the cerebral cortex—the other hallmark of AD neuropathology. Our approaches have been by studies of human amyloid protein precursor (APP) physiology, animal models, and in vitro models of Aβ aggregation. To date, although we have provocative data from in vivo studies, the in vitro studies of Aβ aggregation are most evolved. We have found that the solubility of the Aβ peptide is sensitively destabilized by the presence of zinc. This finding targets zinc as an important candidate environmental factor that could modulate Aβ solubility, since the brain is a unique compartment that sequesters zinc to high concentrations, whereas the blood—brain barrier in health serves to prevent undue exposure of the brain to this highly neurotoxic element.
Integration of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring-calving and Fall-calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Animal production, hay production and feeding, winter forage composition changes, and summer pasture yields and nutrient composition of a year-round grazing system for spring-calving and fall-calving cows were compared to those of a conventional, minimal land system. Cows in the year-round and minimal land systems grazed forage from smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pastures at 1.67 and 3.33 acres, respectively, per cow in the summer. During the summer, SB-O-T pastures in the year-round grazing system also were grazed by stockers at 1.67 stockers per acre, and spring-calving and fall-calving cows grazed smooth bromegrass–red clover (SB-RC) and endophyte-free tall fescue–red clover (TF-RC) at 2.5 acres per cow for approximately 45 days in midsummer. In the year-round grazing system, spring-calving cows grazed corn crop residues at 2.5 acres per cow and stockpiled SB-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow; fallcalving cows grazed stockpiled TF-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow during winter. In the minimal land system, in winter, cows were maintained in a drylot on first-cutting hay harvested from 62.5–75% of the pasture acres during summer. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9-point scale for springcalving cows in both systems and a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows in the year-round system. Over 3 years, mean body weights of fall-calving cows in the year-round system did not differ from the body weights of spring-calving cows in either system, but fall-calving cows had higher (P < .05) body condition scores compared to spring-calving cows in either system. There were no differences among all groups of cows in body condition score changes over the winter grazing season (P > .05). During the summer grazing season, fall-calving cows in the year- round system and springcalving cows in the minimal land system gained more body condition and more weight (P < .05) than springcalving cows in the year-round grazing system. Fall calves in the year-round system had higher birth weights, lower weaning weights, and lower average preweaning daily gains compared to either group of spring calves (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences for birth weights, weaning weights, or average pre-weaning daily gains between spring calves in either system over the 3-year experiment (P > .05). The amount of total growing animal production (calves and stockers) per acre for each system did not differ in any year (P > .05). Over the 3-year experiment, 1.9 ton more hay was fed per cow and 1 ton more hay was fed per cow–calf pair in the minimal land system compared to the year-round grazing system (P < .05).
Design of 4 Elements Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Array Antenna at C-Band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sequentially rotated technique was applied to the design of 4 elements broadband circularly polarized microstrip array antenna with dual-feed square patch elements at C-Band.Wilkinson power divider which can improve the impedance bandwidth was used to construct the feed network.Sequentially rotated technique and Wilkinson power divider lead to the improvement in the axial ratio bandwidth.Back-fed structure eliminates the impact of the feeding network radiation on the circularly polarized characteristics of the antenna,and further improves the axial ratio bandwidth of the array.The measured results of the array show that the impedance bandwidth of the array is 75.0% and 2 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 45.6%.
Theoretical Rationale and Components of CLASP

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter tackles the theoretical rationale and components of CLASP. The three major components of CLASP are three individual in-person meetings, one significant other/family meeting, and 11 brief phone calls between the patient and significant other. Fundamental decisions guiding the specifics of the intervention are target population, intensity of the intervention, and the dual modality of in-person meetings and telephone meetings. The CLASP intervention is focused on monitoring and addressing subsequent suicidal behaviors such as hopelessness, social and family support, problem solving, and treatment issues. The Family Intervention Telephone Tracking (FITT) intervention is the basis for the basic structure of the CLASP intervention. Additionally, CLASP is influenced by acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).
Effects of Sprout Length, Amounts and Times of Nitrogen Application, Transplanting Rate and Depth of Wheat Straw Mulch on the Fall Crop Production of Potato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to find out the effect of five kinds of cultural treatments in fall crop production of potatoes the experiments were carried out with Simabara cultivar at Chonan in 1976. Sprouting of dormant seed pieces were induced by soaking in 2ppm GA and 250ppm Ethrel mixed solution for 60 minutes. Seed pieces with longer sprouts at transplanting, and increasing of urea(nitrogen) application from 10 to 30 Kg per 10a resulted better growth, yields, and quality. Application of total nitrogen at one time on 24th July(transplanting date) resulted lower emergence, yields, growth, and quality as compared with divided application on 24th July and 15th August and 5th September. Higher transplanting than 6020cm or 7017cm resulted slender growth and lower yields. Deeper mulch with wheat straw (from 4 to 12cm) induced lower maximal earth temperature in summer and higher minimal earth temperature in autumn.
Defining Contribution Through Sport Using a Scoping Review Method

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Contribution is the ultimate outcome of Lerner's (2005) 5Cs model of positive youth development (PYD). However, contribution has yet to be clearly defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify properties of contribution and establish a theoretical definition of contribution through sport.

Using a systematic six-stage scoping review method (Levac et al., 2010), a total of 1138 manuscripts were identified, and 75 were selected for inclusion. Descriptions and definitions of contribution and other prosocial terms (e.g., civic engagement) were extracted and synthesized to create a definition.

Contribution was defined as: acting on beliefs and the behaviors that an individual performs purposefully with the intent of positively influencing other individuals, groups, or broader society to bring about a positive outcome for the beneficiaries. These actions involve moving beyond an exclusive self-interest or focus on oneself in order to benefit others or the common good. Additionally, an individual making a contribution to others may benefit directly or indirectly themselves. The specific behaviors that constitute contribution vary across contexts and reflect the values and social norms of each context.

Twenty researchers (M=38.1 years old, SD=9.87; 5-30 years researching PYD) rated the content-validity of definition and each property on a six-point scale. Mean ratings of the definition and properties ranged from 5.05 to 5.70 and Aiken's V was used to assess the validity of the definition and properties (V range: 0.81-0.94, p
The role of dietary factors in the epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risen dramatically over recent decades and, despite some known risk factors, such as compromised immunity, the etiology of NHL and the reasons for most of this increase are unknown. Dietary components may be a common and critical source of immunologic antigens and promoters, which needs to be incorporated more in the etiologic research of NHL. To date, epidemiologic evidence suggests that obesity and fat intake, in particular saturated or animal fat, may increase the risk of NHL; whereas whole-grains, vegetables and moderate consumption of alcohol may be inversely associated with NHL risk. Much of the current evidence is obtained from case-control studies, which are subject to dietary recall bias; therefore, this area of research requires further study within prospective cohorts with detailed dietary information and with a large number of cases to examine disease sub-type heterogeneity.
Maladaptive perfectionism as a mediator and moderator between attachment and negative mood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined maladaptive perfectionism (concern over mistakes, doubts about one’s ability to accomplish tasks, and failure to meet high standards) as both a mediator and a moderator between adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and depressive mood (depression and hopelessness). Survey data were collected from 310 undergraduates and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) methods. Results indicated that maladaptive perfectionism partially mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and depressive mood and fully mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and depressive mood. Bootstrap methods were used to assess the magnitude of the indirect effects. Significant moderator effects were also found with SEM methods. The association between attachment anxiety and depressive mood was stronger as perfectionism increased. Perfectionism was not a significant moderator for attachment avoidance and depressive mood. Throughout the past decade, there has been a growing interest among counseling psychologists in applying Bowlby’s (1973, 1980, 1988) attachment theory to understanding adult development and the counseling process (Lopez, 1995; Lopez &amp; Brennan, 2000; Mallinckrodt, 2000). The initial formulations of adult attachment
Treatment with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves adipose tissue hypoxia and alters macrophage polarization in severely obese subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hypoxia is hypothesized to sustain adipose tissue inflammation and to initiate adipose tissue fibrotic remodeling, a newly found feature of obesity related pathological alterations. Relative adipose tissue hypoxia, which is characterized by increased expression of transcription factor HIF1-α (hypoxia inducible factor 1α) may facilitate the transition from M2 to proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. M1 macrophages produce high levels of chemokines which further recruit more macrophages to the tissue, promoting to the development of insulin resistance in humans. We hypothesized that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation, reduce adipose tissue hypoxia and may prevent adipose tissue remodeling.
SOME FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR C ∗ -ALGEBRA-VALUED b2-METRIC SPACES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to establish the structure of C∗-algebra-valued b2-metric space and give some xed point theorems forself-maps with contractive or expansive conditions on such spaces. Asan application we investigate existence and uniqueness solution for atype of integral equation.
Roasting soybeans in a microwave for manufacturing chocolate dragées

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different microwave-roasting timeson different sizes of soybean grains with black tegument to achieve the best crunchiness, flavor, and hardness. Black soybean dragées- containing a soybean core coated with layers of chocolate (dragée) - were manufactured, and their nutritional value, microbiological risk, acceptability, and consumer-purchase intentions were verified. Flavor and crunchiness of the roasted black soybeans wereonly affected by the roasting time in the microwave, whereas the hardness was only affected by grain size. The best core of the dragéewas obtainedusing grains ofsieve size 15 (large grains) roastedin the microwave for 11 min; this core presented higher frequencies for extremely crunchy notes (56%), toasted flavor (61%), and an instrumental hardness close to that of the existing commercial product (33.17 N). The manufactured dragées did not present resistant starch, anthocyanins, and microbiological risk, and they were sensorially accepted by the tasters (mean scores of 7.77 for texture and 8.36 for appearance on a scale of 1 to 9). Thus, roasted black soybean dragéeshave a high marketing potential from technological, nutritional, and sensorial points of view.
Study of the use of nanomaterials as drilling mud additives

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Previous research on drilling mud concludes that oil-based mud is the best drilling fluid, but is not recommended because it is unsustainable and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, research has been conducted on additives that can be used for water-based mud, making it equal or even superior in quality to oil-based mud. The use of graphene as a drilling mud additive may form mud cake as a filtration barrier, and the use of magnesium oxide (MgO) may increase the viscosity value. Rheological analysis is conducted using the Bingham plastic method, a simple method generally used in the oil and gas fields, whereas use of the Power Law model can provide better modelling of Bingham plastic that cannot be achieved for well under surface analysis. Tension limit simulation was performed to determine the safe limits of the tool's ability to withstand loads. Control of equivalent circulation density (ECD) is very important; if this is too high it can cause loss of circulation, and if too low it can cause kick. In Bingham plastic, the value of plastic viscosity and the yield strength of the graphene additive increased by 25 and 32%, respectively, compared to the base formula. The MgO yield strength value is too high, indicating that MgO cannot be used as a drilling mud fluid additive. In graphene oxide (GO) additives, there is a decrease in plastic viscosity of 50% and an increase in yield strength of up 180%. The graphene torque limit value increased by 0.2% and the drilling depth increased by 2.8% compared to the base formula. The GO torque limit value increased by 0.2% and the drilling depth increased by 2.08% from the base formula, while the tension limit of the graphene additive increased by 38.8% from the base formula and on the GO decreased by 2.11%. From the ECD simulation, graphene is more suitable for wells with high formation pressures, GO is more suitable for low pressure wells.
Three-dimensional unstructured-grid discontinuous Galerkin method for Maxwell's equations with well-posed perfectly matched layer

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a 3D discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) is developed to solve Maxwell's equations. It utilizes an unstructured grid, where objects are divided into a number of tetrahedrons. To model the propagation of electromagnetic waves in an open region, a well-posed perfectly matched layer (PML) is applied to truncate the computational domain by absorbing outgoing waves. The analyses show that this method is highly accurate and efficient and has the ability to accurately model curved objects. Therefore, it is well-suited for modeling large-scale, broadband problems with complex geometries. Some examples, including a photonic bandgap structure, are shown to illustrate the features and applications of this discontinuous Galerkin method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 459–463, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21016
Long-term Results after Autologous Breast Reconstruction with DIEP Versus PAP Flaps based on Quality of Life and Aesthetic Outcome Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: This work aimed to conduct the first comparative study providing long-term data about patient reported outcome measures as well as donor-site scar assessment and aesthetic evaluation of the reconstructed breasts in patients with DIEP versus PAP flap breast reconstruction. (2) Methods: This prospective, single-center, matched cohort study included a total of 36 patients after DIEP and PAP flap breast reconstruction. Evaluation was done using the Breast-Q and POSAS questionnaire as well as the Breast Aesthetic Scale for cosmetic analysis by four plastic surgeons. (3) Results: Post-operative Breast-Q evaluation revealed no significant differences between both patient groups for the categories physical well-being donor-site, physical well-being breast and satisfaction with the breast. Scar evaluation of the donor-site region showed equivalent results for the thigh and the abdomen concerning the overall opinion of patients and observers. There was no significant difference between both methods of reconstruction for all aspects of breast aesthetics. (4) Conclusions: Similar results of donor-site morbidity, scar quality and aesthetic outcome of the breast in both the DIEP and PAP patient group have been demonstrated. Hence, in cases suitable for both types of reconstruction, the decision can be based on factors such as patients&rsquo; lifestyle, leisure activities and preferences.
Antimuscarinic Anticholinergic Medications in Parkinson Disease: To Prescribe or Deprescribe?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The relative importance of antimuscarinic anticholinergic medications for Parkinson's disease (PD) declined after the introduction of levodopa, such that anticholinergic medications are now much more likely to be prescribed for clinical indications other than parkinsonism. Recent studies have found an association between anticholinergic medication exposure and future risk of dementia in older individuals and those with PD. These findings provide a further reason to avoid the use of anticholinergic medications to treat motor symptoms of PD. More importantly, they raise the question of whether one of the goals of PD treatment should be to deprescribe all medications with anticholinergic properties, regardless of their indication, to reduce dementia risk. In this review, we discuss the use of anticholinergic medications in PD, the evidence supporting the association between anticholinergic medications and future dementia risk, and the potential implications of these findings for clinical care in PD.
The Cunning Little Vixen. Leoš Janáček

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Cunning Little Vixen. Leoš Janáček Get access Jann Pasler Jann Pasler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Opera Quarterly, Volume 1, Issue 2, Summer 1983, Pages 180–183, https://doi.org/10.1093/oq/1.2.180 Published: 01 July 1983
Knowledge-based Decision Making for Simulating Cyber Attack Behaviors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer networks are becoming more complex as the reliance on these network increases in this era of exponential technological growth. This makes the potential gains for criminal activity on these networks extremely serious and can not only devastate organizations or enterprises but also the general population. As complexity of the network increases so does the difficulty to protect the networks as more potential vulnerabilities are introduced. Despite best efforts, traditional defenses like Intrusion Detection Systems and penetration tests are rendered ineffective to even amateur cyber adversaries. Networks now need to be analyzed at all times to preemptively detect weaknesses which harbored a new research field called Cyber Threat Analytics. However, current techniques for cyber threat analytics typically perform static analysis on the network and system vulnerabilities but few address the most variable and most critical piece of the puzzle -- the attacker themselves.\nThis work focuses on defining a baseline framework for modeling a wide variety of cyber attack behaviors which can be used in conjunction with a cyber attack simulator to analyze the effects of individual or multiple attackers on a network. To model a cyber attacker's behaviors with reasonable accuracy and flexibility, the model must be based on aspects of an attacker that are used in real scenarios. Real cyber attackers base their decisions on what they know and learn about the network, vulnerabilities, and targets. This attacker behavior model introduces the aspect of knowledge-based decision making to cyber attack behavior modeling with the goal of providing user configurable options. This behavior model employs Cyber Attack Kill Chain along with an ensemble of the attacker capabilities, opportunities, intent, and preferences. The proposed knowledge-based decision making model is implemented to enable the simulation of a variety of network attack behaviors and their effects. This thesis will show a number of simulated attack scenarios to demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of the proposed model.