jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Verbal Aggressiveness Exploration through Complete Social Network Analysis: Using Physical Education Students’ Class as an Illustration

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim of this study: is a) to detect informal structures (power and position in structures of targeting of verbal aggression) among higher education students, b) to analyze determinants of these structural properties, and c) to propose a typology of verbal aggression targets. Complete network analysis was applied on a sample of a 53 students in Physical Education Faculty, Thessaly University, Greece. Four network analysis algorithms were used: in-degree, Katz status, pagerank, authority. Non-network and network determinants of being target of verbal aggressiveness were analyzed. Gender (particularly femaleness), high grade of school graduation and parents education level protect from verbal aggressiveness while interest in post-graduate study seems to provoke criticism. Ignoring public opinion and intimacy with many "close friends" are positively correlated with verbal aggressiveness. Young (and not old-fashioned) appearance, imposing and eccentric appearance characteristics seem to protect against verbal aggressiveness. Big corporal size, dark skin colors seem to provoke insults in case of female students. Eminent economic state is also provocative as it implies pretentiousness. Phone verbal aggressiveness appears mainly among male students. Eminent qualities such as "good friend", "desirable partner" etc make someone an eminent target for verbal aggressiveness. Verbal aggressiveness presents a catholic character and thus seems to be destructive and not constructive. Intellectual abilities (weaknesses) constitute a verbal aggressiveness target core. The following types of verbal aggressiveness targets are proposed: a) the "general 'black sheep'", b) the "contemptible type", c) the "bagger" type, d) the "victim of mockers" and e) the "victim of serial criticizers".
Morse subsets of injective spaces are strongly contracting

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that a quasi-geodesic in an injective metric space is Morse if and only if it is strongly contracting. Since mapping class groups and, more generally, hierarchically hyperbolic groups act properly and coboundedly on injective metric spaces, we deduce various consequences relating, for example, to growth tightness and genericity of pseudo-Anosovs/Morse elements. Moreover, we show that injective metric spaces have the Morse local-to-global property and that a non-virtually cyclic group acting properly and coboundedly on an injective metric space is acylindrically hyperbolic if and only if contains a Morse ray. We also show that strongly contracting geodesics of a space stay strongly contracting in the injective hull of that space.
Advances in Large-Scale Flood Monitoring and Detection

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The last decades have seen a massive advance in technologies for Earth observation (EO) and environmental monitoring, which provided scientists and engineers with valuable spatial information for studying hydrologic processes. At the same time, the power of computers and newly developed algorithms have grown sharply. Such advances have extended the range of possibilities for hydrologists, who are trying to exploit these potentials the most, updating and re-inventing the way hydrologic and hydraulic analyses are carried out. A variety of research fields have progressed significantly, ranging from the evaluation of water features, to the classification of land-cover, the identification of river morphology, and the monitoring of extreme flood events. The description of flood processes may particularly benefit from the integrated use of recent algorithms and monitoring techniques. In fact, flood exposure and risk over large areas and in scarce data environments have always been challenging topics due to the limited information available on river basin hydrology, basin morphology, land cover, and the resulting model uncertainty. The ability of new tools to carry out intensive analyses over huge datasets allows us to produce flood studies over large extents and with a growing level of detail. The present Special Issue aims to describe the state-of-the-art on flood assessment, monitoring, and management using new algorithms, new measurement systems and EO data. More specifically, we collected a number of contributions dealing with: (1) the impact of climate change on floods; (2) real time flood forecasting systems; (3) applications of EO data for hazard, vulnerability, risk mapping, and post-disaster recovery phase; and (4) development of tools and platforms for assessment and validation of hazard/risk models.
Development of small scale DC microgrid testbed for power sharing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important issues in microgrid control is power sharing. Proper power sharing ensures each power modules in microgrid to output according to their rated power. This paper focus on developing a control method to solve the power sharing problems in DC microgrid. The control method applied in this project is a modified droop control with adaptive virtual impedance. This DC microgrid testbed project involves hardware circuit design, theoretical controller design and controller implementation on the Arduino UNO microcontroller using C language. The project uses Arduino as the main controller to perform the two main objectives of this DC microgrid testbed project, grid voltage regulation and power sharing among the power modules. The functions and features of Arduino are studied independently. In general, Arduino UNO controller is chosen because of following advantages: inexpensive, versatile and robustness. The main testbed circuit design is based on the DC-DC buck converter. The controlling techniques of the project is based on a novel droop control with an adaptive droop impedance control parameter. The conventional droop control in paralleling power modules suffer from some salient disadvantages of poor power sharing and trade off in voltage regulation. With an innovative concept of power sharing index (PSI) which utilizes a cooperative control processing network, an adaptive virtual impedance is updated to generate a set point voltage correction term. As a result, local set point voltage is continuously updated to match up with power sharing condition. The proper power sharing among paralleling power converters according to their nominal ratings is achieved.
New results about quantum scattering characteristics of typical targets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is studied in this paper, which has an objective measure of the quantum scattering ability of a specified target. The interaction process between quantum radar and the target is introduced, and new results about quantum scattering characteristics of typical targets are reported. Simulation results demonstrate that the number of side lobes of QRCS is dependent on the target size and the interatomic distance; values of QRCS increase with the increasing of the signal photon frequency. For the cylinder target, QRCS increased as the radius increases. The work and results can be beneficial to the design of quantum radar system as well as the development of remote sensing of earth observation.
Explainable machine learning for sleep apnea prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine and deep learning has become one of the most useful tools in the last years as a diagnosis-decision-support tool in the health area. However, it is widely known that artificial intelligence models are considered a black box and most experts experience difficulties explaining and interpreting the models and their results. In this context, explainable artificial intelligence is emerging with the aim of providing black-box models with sufficient interpretability so that models can be easily understood and further applied. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common chronic respiratory disease related to sleep. Its diagnosis nowadays is done by processing different data signals, such as electrocardiogram or respiratory rate. The waveform of the respiratory signal is of importance too. Machine learning models could be applied to the signal's analysis. Data from a polysomnography study for automatic sleep apnea detection have been used to evaluate the use of the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic (LIME) library for explaining the health data models. Results obtained help to understand how several features have been used in the model and their influence in the quality of sleep.
Role of Axial Ligation in Gating the Reactivity of Dimethylplatinum(III) Diimine Radical Cations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Electrochemical methods are coupled with chemical oxidant-based analytical strategies to evaluate the oxidative reactivity of the platinum­(II) diimine complex (bpy)­PtII(CH3)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in coordinating and noncoordinating media. Through this mechanistic analysis, we show that the one-electron oxidation of (bpy)­PtII(CH3)2 generates a highly reactive, 15-electron PtIII radical cation and identify three reaction pathways that can follow this oxidation: radical-substrate dimerization, radical-radical dimerization, and oxidative disproportionation. Axial ligation of the initially generated [(bpy)­PtIII(CH3)2]•+ species is a critical driver of this reactivity, gating the available mechanistic pathways and tuning the competition between radical-radical dimerization and oxidative disproportionation.
Derivation of a synthesis model from time-variant spectral analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An effective spectrum-based musical instrument synthesis model requires that time-variant spectrum analysis (TVSA) be performed on a large group of tones representing the entire pitch and dynamic range of the instrument. Once enough common properties in the TVSA results are identified, a synthesis model can be devised, implemented, and tested. When the synthesis model is sufficiently complete, it can be employed in music performance or timbral research. It is important that a synthesis model’s physical parameters strongly correlate with perceived timbral features. Our current model employs three time-variant parameters: rms amplitude, spectral centroid, and fundamental frequency, which strongly correlate with loudness, brightness, and pitch. In addition, a centroid-controlled transfer function, preconstructed by averaging TVSA data from the original set of analyzed tones, is used to generate the detailed time-variant spectra. When the three time-variant parameters are matched to those measured in particular instrument tones, global contours and micro-details emerge that contribute to synthesis realism. Small perceptual differences between original and synthetic sounds, which some listeners perceive as ‘‘roughness,’’ may be caused by smoothing of asynchronous spectral fluctuations in the synthesis. Current research is attempting to data-reduce both the time-variant control parameters and the centroid-controlled transfer function without sacrificing quality.
Second-Sphere and Outer-Sphere Proton Relaxation of Paramagnetic Complexes:  From EPR to NMRD

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic resonance imaging often utilizes paramagnetic contrast agents (PCAs) to increase contrast between adjacent tissues. PCAs enhance the contrast by increasing the spin−lattice proton relaxation rate through processes known as inner-sphere, second-sphere, and outer-sphere mechanisms. Past studies on PCAs often described relaxation rates that are not caused by inner-sphere processes as outer-sphere, since comparatively little is known about second-sphere water. Utilizing vanadyl complexes (ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA)) that do not have an inner-sphere proton relaxation contribution and those with similar functional groups of different sizes, we find that the outer-sphere model does not adequately describe the relaxivity profiles. The observed relaxivity profiles are, however, consistent with a model that includes both second-sphere and outer-sphere contributions. Vanadyl ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (VOEOB-DTPA) exhibited relaxivity similar to that of DTPA, even though it is larger. This is attributed to a hydrophobic moiety on EOB-DTPA that prevents protons from binding to the second coordination sphere. The combined model developed for the vanadyl complexes is used to simulate the gadolinium triethylenetetraaminehexaacetate (GdTTHA) proton NMRD profile, and the results are extrapolated to deconvolute GdDTPA and GdEOB-DTPA proton NMRD profiles into inner-sphere, second-sphere, and outer-sphere contributions. We find that the second-sphere mechanism is significant and may contribute about 30% of the relaxivity in GdDTPA and about 10% in GdEOB-DTPA.
Subsurface Geology and Active Faults under the Sedimentary Basin in Kobe City and Its Surrounding Area.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

兵庫県南部地震後,最も大きな被害を蒙った神戸・阪神地域では,被災地の地下に伏在している活断層や構造を明らかにする目的で,兵庫県,神戸市,地質調査所などで反射法地震探査,大深度ボーリング調査などが実施された.その結果,神戸・阪神地域の沖積低地の下には,大阪層群を主体とする鮮新-更新統が厚さ数100～1,500mにわたり分布すること,従来から知られる諏訪山断層,五助橋断層など地表に表われている既知の断層から少し離れた市街地地下に活断層が伏在していることなどが明らかになってきた.さらに,これらの活断層がつくりだした基盤の段差構造の様子,伏在活断層が厚い堆積層を通し,地表にはきわめて緩やかな変形として表れていることなども明らかになってきた.特に後者は,伏在活断層を従来の地形調査や地表踏査では認識することがきわめて困難であり,今回実施された反射法地震探査などの地下探査によって初めて明らかにできることを示唆する.反射法地震探査,大深度ボーリング調査を中心とした調査により,神戸・阪神地域の活断層の全貌が把握できたことのみならず,さまざまな地震による震度分布や強震動予測をする上で必要な地下構造の情報が得られた点が画期的といえよう.
Polar control of current for PWM inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new concept of output current control of a three phase PWM VSI feeding an AC motor drive is presented. Operation of the new regulator (controller) is based on the current and voltage vector description using polar coordinates. Six nonzero-voltage space vectors and two zero-voltage space vectors of the inverter output voltage have been applied. Taking the zero vectors into consideration enables the lowering of the switching frequencies of the inverter switches. The novel current control scheme ensures symmetry of the current and voltage waveforms, that cannot be achieved in schemes that apply the presentation of the rectangular coordinate systems, particularly referring to the range of work without modulation.< >
Designing for Participation: Dignity and Autonomy of Service (Part 2)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores a conceptual framework for deepening our understanding of the social and ethical aspects of service, such as human dignity. A philosophical survey of this topic reveals that the basis of dignity is autonomy; however, current frameworks of service, which are often based on the logics of mass production and information control, generally attempt to control people rather than supporting their autonomous actions. As an alternative, I propose a framework of service based on the concept of participation, defined as the collective action of parts related to the whole for the purpose of achieving a shared goal.
Why do tropical mountains support exceptionally high biodiversity? The Eastern Arc Mountains and the drivers of Saintpaulia diversity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We combine information about the evolutionary history and distributional patterns of the genus Saintpaulia H. Wendl. (Gesneriaceae; ‘African violets’) to elucidate the factors and processes behind the accumulation of species in tropical montane areas of high biodiversity concentration. We find that high levels of biodiversity in the Eastern Arc Mountains are the result of pre-Quaternary speciation processes and environmental stability. Our results support the hypothesis that climatically stable mountaintops may have acted as climatic refugia for lowland lineages during the Pleistocene by preventing extinctions. In addition, we found evidence for the existence of lowland micro-refugia during the Pleistocene, which may explain the high species diversity of East African coastal forests. We discuss the conservation implications of the results in the context of future climate change.
Desistance from Sexual Offending or Not Reoffending? A Taxonomy of Contact Sex Offenders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explored why contact sex offenders lack reoffending, and a taxonomy was developed to better understand the desistance process, or more commonly, the non-reoffending process. Through qualitative conversational interviews with 29 contact sex offenders, it was found that contact sex offenders can be categorized into two broad groups. First, the criminal career sex offender who had persistent habitual offending. This category was comprised of a relatively small number of the sample (20.7%). This category can then be further broken down into two smaller categories, the desisters and the non-reoffenders. The desisters lacked reoffending due to cognitive transformations, while non-reoffenders were able to manage their sexual deviant behaviors due to strategies such as therapy, religious practices, and avoidance. Only two participants could be considered desisters, while the other participants were non-reoffenders. This is a noteworthy finding, demonstrating how rare it is to desist from contact sex offending based on scholars’ definitions of desistance as a process. Conversely, contact sex offenders who are not habitual persistent offenders lack reoffending because they never came to see themselves as “sex offenders” nor do they feel they have problems to address as their crimes were temporary and situational. This group contained the majority of the sample (79.3%) and was further divided into taxonomic subgroups. This study established the need to differentiate between career criminal sex offenders and those who are situational and temporary. Persistent offenders and situational offenders need different treatment practices, and they have different non-reoffending pathways.
Hyperbolic Shear Polaritons in Low-Symmetry Crystals - Experimental Data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Data for Nature 602, pages 595–600 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04328-y preprint: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-558805/v1 Contents: isotfrequency_surfaces.nb: Mathematica scripts generating Fig. 1c,d
raw_data.zip: contains all experimental raw data, lab book entries, and raw data preprocessing scripts.
SiO2_data.zip: experimental data analysis and simulations leading to Fig. 2b,c
bGO_data.zip: experimental data analysis and simulations leading to Fig. 2d,e
bGO_inplane_data.zip: experimental data analysis and simulations for inplane dispersion, Fig. 2f-j Please note that parts of the analysis code use the transfer matrix code developed in the Paarmann group (https://pc.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/latdyn/), see: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3648040. The code is included again here. However, the dielectric tensor of Gallium Oxide was not part of the previous code and only implemented here. Please contact Alex Paarmann (alexander.paarmann@fhi-berlin.mpg.de) if you have any questions.
Diversification Benefits of European Small-Cap Stocks after the Global Financial Crisis and Brexit

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this article, we investigate the diversification gains obtained from investing in European small-cap stocks, focusing on the periods since the Global Financial Crisis and Brexit. We find mixed evidence to support the assertion that European small-caps provide diversification benefits to a benchmark portfolio of large US stocks. The benefits are also limited when benchmark assets include both a US large-cap portfolio as well as a portfolio of European large-cap stocks. After Brexit, US investors achieve diversification benefits from investments in European large-cap stocks. However, after Brexit, small-cap stocks from only one country in the European Union are shown to offer additional diversification gains. TOPICS:Financial crises and financial market history, portfolio theory, portfolio construction Key Findings • In the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, from a US investor’s perspective, the benefits of investing in European small-caps have declined. • Since the UK vote affirming Brexit, with the exception of one country, European small-caps have become even less attractive for US investors. • Brexit has not nullified diversification benefits for large-cap European stocks with significant international exposure.
Abstract PR07: Neutralizing the activity of murine TGF-β receptor 2 promotes a differentiated tumor cell phenotype and inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Elevated levels of TGF-β are a negative prognostic indicator for patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer; as a result the TGF-β pathway is an attractive target for therapy. However, clinical application of pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β remains challenging because TGF-β has tumor suppressor functions in many epithelial malignancies including pancreatic cancer. In fact, direct neutralization of TGF-β promotes tumor progression of genetic murine models of pancreatic cancer. Here we report that neutralizing the activity of murine TGF-β receptor 2 using a monoclonal antibody (2G8) has potent anti-metastatic activity in orthotopic human tumor xenografts, syngenic tumors and a genetic model of pancreatic cancer. 2G8 induced an anti-metastatic stromal phenotype by increasing pro-inflammatory macrophages and NK cells and concomitantly decreasing anti-inflammatory macrophages, MDSCs and activated fibroblasts. These stromal specific changes resulted in tumor cell epithelial differentiation and a potent reduction in metastases. We conclude that TGF-β signaling within stromal cells participates directly in tumor cell phenotype and pancreatic cancer progression. Thus, strategies that inhibit TGF-β dependent effector functions of stromal cells could be efficacious for the therapy of pancreatic tumors. This abstract is also presented as Poster A38. Citation Format: Katherine T. Ostapoff, Bercin Kutluk Cenik, Miao Wang, Risheng Ye, Xiaohing Xu, Desiree Nugent, Michelle Hagopian, Mary Topalovski, Lee B. Rivera, Kyla D. Carroll, Rolf A. Brekken. Neutralizing the activity of murine TGF-β receptor 2 promotes a differentiated tumor cell phenotype and inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-PR07
Vorwort: «Europa» aus der Sicht nichtwestlicher Eliten, 1900–1930

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction: «Europe», and the Politics of Non-Western Elites, 1900–1930 «Europe» played an important role in the politics of non-western elites in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These introductory remarks sketch the historiographical frame within which the following articles should be situated. They deal particularly with the concept of «Occidentalism» and the appropriation of «Europe» that transcends simple notions of reception and images; with the question of agency of non-western elites; and, finally, with questions of periodization.