jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence on tear film by the modified small incision extracapsular cataract extraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the influence on tear film by the modified small incision extracapsular cataract extraction dealing with cataract with nuclear hardness level Ⅳ or above, and to compare the clinical effects. Methods A total of 160 cases of patients with age-related cataract were divided into group A and group B. The group A were treated by the modified small incision extracapsular cataract extraction combined with posterior chamber implantation type foldable intraocular lens implantation, the group B were treated by phacoemulsification with clear corneal tunnel incision combined with posterior chamber implantation type foldable intraocular lens implantation. The levels of s It, BUT,symptoms of ocular discomfort and the level of corneal edema were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of s It in the group A posttreatment were higher than that of prior treatment(P0.05); There was no significant difference on the levels of s It in group B posttreatment and prior treatment(P0.05); There was no significant difference on the levels of BUT in group A posttreatment and prior treatment(P0.05); The levels of BUT in the group B posttreatment were lower than prior treatment(P0.05); The levels of s It, BUT in the group A were higher than group B(P0.05);The rate of symptoms in the group B of ocular discomfort post-treatment was higher than that of prior treatment(P0.05);The increased amplitude of symptoms of ocular discomfort in the group A were lower than group B( P 0.05); The rate of corneal edema in the group A posttreatment was better than group B(P0.05). Conclusion The modified small incision extracapsular cataract extraction dealing with cataract with nuclear hardness level Ⅳ or above can reduce the eye complications, and stabilize tear film function.
SH416282.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Distributed Space-Time Coding of Over-the-Air Superimposed Packets in Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a new cooperative packet transmission scheme that allows independent sources to superimpose over-the-air their packet transmissions. Relay nodes are used and cooperative diversity is combined with distributed space-time block coding (STBC). With the proposed scheme the participating relays create a ST code for the over-the-air superimposed symbols that are received locally and without proceeding to any decoding step beforehand. The advantage of the proposed scheme is that communication is completed in fewer transmission slots because of the concurrent packet transmissions, while the diversity benefit from the use of the STBC results in higher decoding performance. The proposed scheme does not depend on the STBC that is applied at the relays. Simulation results reveal significant throughput benefits even in the low SNR regime.
Small-Hydro and Solar based Hybrid Generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

India is constantly increasing its Renewable Generation (RG) capacity and reached 22.6% of the total capacity. This research study presents the Hybrid Energy System (HES) using small hydro and solar system. For designing an integrated small hydro-solar system, there are lots of factor that governs the choice of system designing as, firstly the selection of location where kinetic energy of water is available and places for efficient solar output. Secondly output at the interfacing point in terms of AC-grid for grid connected operation. These factors will be discussed in detail in this work with the advantages of hybrid system. The Simulation model for individual hydro generation, solar generation and integrated HES is developed in MATIAB-Simulink for the analysis of output at Point of Common Coupling.
Surgical Timing in Infectious Endocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ndocarditis is a rare and highly variable disease, with a dramatic mortality that has not improved significantly despite progress in diagnosis and treatment.Strategies for prevention and management have generally been based on relatively small, usually single-center, experiences or, in the case of prophylaxis guidelines, been extrapolated from animal models of disease.Randomized controlled studies are unavailable and seem unlikely to inform our practices any time soon.How can we hope to make better therapeutic choices and improve outcome in their absence?
Exploring self-care and self-development practices among refugee adolescents through photos: An art-based participatory qualitative study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction Photovoice and photo-elicitation are art-based participatory methods aiming to enable community members to create powerful visual representations to highlight the community issues/manners. This paper attempted to investigate self-care/self-development (SC/SD) practices among refugee adolescents in Germany, as part of a needs assessment based on triangulation (including three qualitative datasets from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and photographic data). Methods Sixteen male and female refugee adolescents (aged 14–19) from 4 countries participated in the study. Before research implementation, a briefing session was held to explain the details of the project. Participants were asked to take their photos within 6 weeks and send them to the research team along with the answers to 5 questions, following a modified version of PHOTO protocol. For the photo-elicitation study, the participants were invited to join a group discussion session. Results From the collected data including 41 photos and their related statements, four major themes of: “I adapt to the new situation”, “I start to learn again”, “I find new opportunities”, and “I love myself” emerged, illustrating how the refugee adolescents visualized their perspective and practices toward SC/SD. In the group discussion session, the participants mainly emphasized the importance of keeping the good aspects of the original culture in their SC/SD practices. Conclusions The results of this study improve the understanding about SC/SD practices among refugee adolescents and provide a support to the existing literatures for using art-based methods as an effective participatory tool to communicate with adolescents, especially in hard-to-reach populations. The findings also reveal the capacity of refugee adolescents to be involved in youth-based program planning, which can be a significant potential in health care services for this population.
Income Inequality and Fiscal Policy Reform in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

��� When Deng Xiaoping introduced his reform plan in the late 1970s, some Chinese were in a better position to take advantage of the new economic environment than others. This paper argues that while some amount of inequality is natural in developing economies, the degree of income disparities in China today can be considered “artificial” insofar as it has been exacerbated by the government’s fiscal policies. First, China’s tax policies are extremely regressive, forcing the poorest in society to bear the greatest tax burden. Second, China’s decentralized fiscal system provides local officials with an incentive to concentrate scarce resources in prosperous urban areas that promise the highest economic returns at the expense of rural areas. Third, decentralization has left the central and provincial governments with a low capacity to impose equalizing fiscal transfers between regions. The dilemma that the Chinese government now faces is how to reduce income disparities, which is necessary for social stability, while at the same time maintaining high rates of economic growth, which is necessary for political legitimacy.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL METABOLIC RISK FACTORS AND BIRTH OF OVERWEIGHT PREMATURE BABY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relative contribution of individual metabolic risk factors and their clusters in pregnant women to the birth of premature infants, who are too large for their gestational age, is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to find the correlation between individual metabolic risk factors and their clusters in pregnant women and the birth of premature newborns, which are too large for their gestational age. This retrospective study included 84 preterm infants. The following metabolic risk factors were assessed in mothers of the children: the presence of overweight / obesity before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, high blood pressure during pregnancy, as well as the growing level of triglycerides immediately after childbirth, high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, and hyperglycemia. Adverse effects in children included delivery route, neonatal asphyxia, respiratory failure syndrome, and jaundice. The odds ratios were calculated for both an individual metabolic risk factor and their combination using logistic regression analysis. Metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with the birth of premature babies, who are too large for their gestational age after adjustment for other factors. In a cohort of premature babies, no reliable relationship was found between obesity and the birth of children, who are too large for their gestational age. Children whose mothers have three metabolic risk factors at the same time, as a rule, are more likely (OR = 7.39, 95% CI 2.72-20.11) to be born too large for their gestational age. Pregnant women with a combination of metabolic risk factors for preterm birth are more likely to give birth to babies, who are large for their gestational age.
Du Bois's Dialectics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Du Bois's Dialectics is doubly distinguished from other books on Du Bois because it is the first extended exploration of Du Bois's contributions to new critical theory and the first book-length treatment of his contributions to contemporary black radical politics and the developing discipline of Africana Studies. With chapters that undertake ideological critiques of education, religion, the politics of reparations, and the problematics of black radical politics in contemporary culture and society, Du Bois's Dialectics employs Du Bois as its critical theoretical point of departure and demonstrates his (and Africana Studies') contributions to, as well as contemporary critical theory's connections to, critical pedagogy, sociology of religion, and reparations theory. Rabaka offers the first critical theoretical treatment of the W. E. B. Du Bois_Booker T. Washington debate, which lucidly highlights Du Bois's transition from a bourgeois black liberal to a black radical and revolutionary democratic socialist. This book is primarily directed at scholars, advanced undergraduate and graduate students working in and associated with Africana Studies, American Studies, Ethnic Studies, and Cultural Studies.
Orientation of hot-drawn poly(butylene terephthalate) films as determined from the intrinsic polarized fluorescence

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrientation of hot-drawn poly(butylene terephthalate) films as determined from the intrinsic polarized fluorescenceManfred Hennecke, Klaus Kurz, and Juergen FuhrmannCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 23, 6190–6194Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00049a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00049a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Lipid Biosynthesis, Sliding Motility, and Biofilm Formation by a Membrane-Anchored Nucleoid-Associated Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bacteria use a number of small basic proteins for organization and compaction of their genomes. By their interaction with DNA, these nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) also influence gene expression. Rv3852, a NAP of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is conserved among the pathogenic and slow-growing species of mycobacteria. Here, we show that the protein predominantly localizes in the cell membrane and that the carboxy-terminal region with the propensity to form a transmembrane helix is necessary for its membrane localization. The protein is involved in genome organization, and its ectopic expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis resulted in altered nucleoid morphology, defects in biofilm formation, sliding motility, and change in apolar lipid profile. We demonstrate its crucial role in regulating the expression of KasA, KasB, and GroEL1 proteins, which are in turn involved in controlling the surface phenotypes in mycobacteria.
Learning Outcomes with Linked Assessments – an Essential Part of our Regular Teaching Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Setting up learning outcomes with linked assessments is a best practice in science education. In biology teaching, faculty are beginning to establish learning outcomes and assessments in the style of concept inventories. At a recent meeting of biology faculty who have designed concept inventories, the characteristics and uses of concept inventories were defined. Concept inventories used as pre- and post-measures of student learning provide a window into students’ understanding of key concepts of a discipline and serve as a tool to motivate faculty toward evidence-based teaching habits. A movement for the development of a microbiology concept inventory is suggested.
Formulation and evaluation of fixed dose combination tablets of Rifampicin and Isoniazid with improved Rifampicin stability

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate enteric coated combination tablets of Rifampicin and Isoniazid with improved Rifampicin stability in in-vitro conditions. Rifampicin and Isoniazid were formulated separately as immediate release tablets. Then these tablets were evaluated for the various physical parameters like appearance, weight variation, hardness, friability and disintegration. Then Rifampicin and Isoniazid were mixed and formulated as combination tablets which were enteric coated with Eudragit L-100 using pan coating technique after evaluating them for physical parameters. This is mainly done to prevent isoniazid from interacting with Rifampicin in acidic medium and to improve the stability of Rifampicin. Dissolution studies for the uncoated tablets and enteric coated combination tablets were performed and the cumulative percentage drug release for Rifampicin was calculated. The cumulative percentage drug release for Rifampicin was found to be around 80% when it was taken along with uncoated immediate release Isoniazid tablets for the dissolution study whereas it has been increased to 88% when it is formulated as enteric coated combination tablet. This study proves that Rifampicin interacts with Isoniazid and undergoes degradation to a significant extent in presence of Isoniazid in acidic medium. This interaction and degradation of Rifampicin can be reduced and the stability can be enhanced by preventing the physical contact between these two drugs in the stomach and by making them to release in Intestinal pH.
Historical Perspectives of Mumbai Cricket : Formation, Growth And Development

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mumbai, being the financial capital of the country, is seen to have taken the lead in various art, cultural and commercial aspects. Mumbai also seems to have taken the lead in the glorious construction of the sports field. At the heart of this sports field is cricket, which is the subject of Mumbai’s and alternatively the country’s affection. Even so, considering cricket as the centre in the study of Mumbai’s structure and history, it is seen that the study of cricket’s foundation, its development, its expansion, its socio-cultural threads, the economy developed from it has remained neglected from a historical point of view. Various players, critics, commentators, cricket connoisseurs, cricket analysts, journalists have written extensively on the history and quality of Mumbai cricket. In this, Bharat Ratna Sachin Tendulkar through his autobiography ‘Playing it My Way’ and renowned socio-political scholar Ramchandra Guha have shed light on Mumbai’s cricket through his literature like ‘The Commonwealth of Cricket’, Gandhi and Cricket’ Despite such wealth of literature, there does not seem to have been substantial research on the history of Mumbai cricket. Today even children from ordinary middle-class families are looking at cricket as a professional career. It is said that ‘the future is guided by history’. Likewise, the Research papar will be an innovative guide for the coming generation. Therefore, through this research paper, I intend to reveal the rich heritage of Mumbai cricket and keep the progress, formation, and expansion of the history-rich Mumbai cricket before the society.
Singapore’s public housing affordability in terms of income and educational level

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Housing is a fundamental issue especially for a small nation like Singapore which utilizes the housing policy as a device that contributes to nation-building. This is evident as it plays a significant role in the economic, social and political development of the country. Housing is imperative to a family nucleus, thus, it is important to examine its affordability to citizens. Our paper analyzes the affordability of public housing in Singapore in terms of income and educational level. This is so as to assist buyers in making informed decisions when purchasing a house, allowing them to exercise financial prudence. In our study, prices of Build-To-Order and resale flats that are built by the Housing & Development Board (HDB) are considered. This report introduces a two-tiered general affordability formula which comprehensively compares the various elements to derive households‟ purchasing ability of flats. Upon conclusion, our study yields results that portray a positive outlook on the general affordability of HDB flats. The findings presented in this report concede that households should steer towards playing an active role in improving their financial situation and boosting their purchasing ability of houses.
Images of national history in Russian art of the 19th century. Research prospects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the middle of the 19th century, images of the national past began to play a new and unprecedentedly \nimportant role in the Russian visual culture. However, they are still under-researched \nor fragmentary studied. The author of this article analyzes and compares the ways scholars approach \nthe visual historicism of that time and determines those forms of the representation of \nRussian history that have not attracted close attention of scholars before. The author demonstrates \nthat among such forms there was a new type of history painting (“genre historique” / \n“historical genre”) which was created in French art in the first third of the 19th century and \nemerged in Russia in the 1860s. In this author’s opinion the historical genre should be further \nexamined in relation to its two aspects. One of them concerns the representation of history, \nthat is, the problems of historicism; the other is related to the modernization of painting, that \nis, artistic problems as such. Hence, two difficult questions arise. 1. What modes of perception \nand representation of the national past (those that cannot be achieved in graphics, sculpture, \narchitecture, literature, and historiography) did the “historical genre” open up in painting? \n2. Which artistic innovations did the “historical genre” demonstrate, outpacing other genres \nin Russian painting of the period?
Bacterial community patterns and thermal analyses of composts of various origins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

During composting, the degradation of organic waste is accompanied and driven by a succession of microbial populations exhibiting a broad range of functional capabilities. Detailed inventories of the microbial communities in mature compost, however, are not available. Mature composts, originating from biowaste as well as sewage sludge and anaerobic sludge, were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis-fingerprints after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA genes using three different universal primer pairs, as well as by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The composts of different origin had different bacterial communities. The influence of different 16S rDNA primer sets on the same batches of compost DNA was evaluated. The clearest separation of different compost types was obtained by using the PCR primer pair 338f + 518r which is suggested for future applications. Communities from the different biowaste compost samples clustered together and could be separated from sewage sludge communities indicating the establishment of different microbial consortia. A similar differentiation of composts was found with the thermogavimetric analyses. It may thus be concluded that the resulting humus quality is closely linked to the microbial communities involved.