jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME IN BOOKED AND UNBOOKED PATIENTS UNDERGOING EMERGENCY LSCS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Caesarean section is the most commonly done Obstetric surgery and the outcome of surgery differs depending on various factors.Maternal and Fetal morbidity effects the quality of life, effect on maternal and foetal morbidity depends on proper follow up during antenatal period.PURPOSE: This study was under taken to find out the difference in maternal and fetal outcome between booked cases with proper antenatal follow up and un-booked cases.METHODOLOGY: This is a comparative study conducted at Rural Medical College in Telangana over a period of one year.Various parameters of Maternal Morbidity, Neonatal Morbidity, and Mortality were compared in both the groups.Comparison was done by using chi square test.And p value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.RESULTS: 389 patients were studied who underwent emergency LSCS during year 2014 in our rural medical college 190 were un-booked cases and 199 were booked cases, Indications for LSCS were similar in both the groups most common being one previous LSCS next being fetal distress.Abruption was the indication in 11 cases of un-booked group were as only one case in booked group.Post-partum haemorrhage and other post-operative complications were significantly higher in un-booked group.Perinatal mortality was more in un-booked cases.Low birth weight and need for NICU admission, perinatal morbidity was high in un-booked group.CONCLUSION: During our study period it was observed that booked cases had less maternal morbidity, perinatal morbidity and mortality when compared to the un-booked cases.
Cations Functionalized Carbon Nano‐Dots Enabling Interfacial Passivation and Crystallization Control for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Realizing the full potential of perovskite photovoltaic requires stringent control over nonradiative losses in the devices. Herein, the interfacial carrier recombination of inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is suppressed using rationally designed natriumion‐functionalized carbon nano‐dots (CNDs@Na). The binding effect of carbon dots on Na + inhibits the interstitial occupancy of alkali cations and reduces the microstrain of the polycrystalline film. Furthermore, modified surface wettability improves the ordering and crystal size of perovskite, which restrains ion diffusion and improves interfacial contact, leading to reduced interfacial charge recombination. Consequently, the effective interfacial passivation and crystallization control enhance the photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of PSCs, resulting in an efficiency of over 20% with negligible hysteresis.
Understanding Colonialism and Identity Categories by Building on Cognitive and Affective Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Complex, historical events such as the Nigerian Civil War emerge from countless, partially converging causes. In order to make cognitive and emotional sense of such events, novelists, filmmakers, and other storytellers stress a limited number of such causes. One central source of the antagonisms driving the Nigerian Civil War was the operation of sub-national identity categorization. Adichie (in the original novel) and Bandele (in his film adaptation) both treat such categorization, but it is more systematically and consistently developed by the latter. This is closely connected with some of the key changes that Bandele undertakes in his adaptation. After a discussion of identity categorization, ethnocentrism, racism, and “tribalism,” this article examines three key sections of the film in relation to identity categorization and their associated, political implications.
PTH-66 Correlation of PEESS and EREFS scores with histological activity in children with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Management of children with EoE is hampered by lack of reliable biomarkers. Although the Paediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS v2.0) has been validated as a marker for clinical activity in children and the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) in adults, their use for clinical application has not been evaluated in children in the UK. Aims of this pilot study were: - Correlation of clinical activity (PEESS) with endoscopic grading (EREFS) and standard oesophageal histology (i) Feasibility in clinical practice.

Methods

Retrospective review of a single consultant's cohort of children with EoE (n=13) over 18 months (2019-20) providing n=19 assessments. PEESSv2.0 comprises 20 questions about symptom frequency and severity in domains dysphagia, reflux, nausea/vomiting, and pain generating scores from 0-4. EREFS depicts endoscopic EoE features (oedema, rings, furrowing, exudate, stricture) into a grading score of severity. Pearson's correlation test was used to indicate significance (p<0.05).

Results

84.6% of children were male with a mean age of 13.7 years (8.7-17.4yr). In 47.3% (9/19) histologically active EoE [≥15 eosinophils per high power field (eos/hpf)] was found. Mean peak eos/hpf were 4.7 (0-35) in proximal, 14.9 (0-100) in mid and 20.8 (0-80) in distal oesophagus. Mean PEESS score was 20 (mild) and IQR 0-31.5 (range 0-68), indicating mild to moderate activity. There was positive correlation of PEESS scores with the density of eosinophils in the mid (p=0.004) and distal (p=0.0009) oesophagus, but not in proximal (p= 0.23). Mean EREFS score was 1.4 (range 0-3), with furrowing and micro abscess being the most common findings. The correlation of EREFS with PEESS was not significant (p=0.43). Treatment at time of assessment consisted in 63% (12/19) of children of oral viscous budesonide, 21% (4/19) of PPI, 11% (2/19) of elimination diet (ED), and 5% (1/19) of combination therapy.

Conclusion

In our pilot study, routine use of PEESS in clinical settings was practical, feasible, and helped to evaluate more objectively efficacy of treatment. Similar to a study in the US, we confirmed a correlation of histologic and clinical activity (PEESS) of EoE in children in the UK. Endoscopic EREFS scores may be helpful to assess longitudinally disease activity and mucosal alternations in patients with EoE. If applied consistently, these scores can be easily applied to monitor disease activity, provide guidance on timing and frequency of endoscopic reassessment, indicate need for treatment escalation, and may help to recognise earlier beginning signs of complications.
sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028231210232 – Supplemental material for Outcomes After Open Surgical, Hybrid, and Endovascular Revascularization for Acute Limb Ischemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028231210232 for Outcomes After Open Surgical, Hybrid, and Endovascular Revascularization for Acute Limb Ischemia by Nikolaos Konstantinou, Angeliki Argyriou, Felicitas Dammer, Theodosios Bisdas, Gregory Chlouverakis, Giovanni Torsello, Nikolaos Tsilimparis and Konstantinos Stavroulakis in Journal of Endovascular Therapy
Thomas Hardy and the Folk Horror Tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thomas Hardy and the Folk Horror Tradition takes the uncanny and unsettling fiction of Thomas Hardy as fundamental in examining the lineage of ‘Hardyan Folk Horror’. Hardy’s novels and his short fiction often delve into a world of folklore and what was, for Hardy the recent past. Hardy’s Wessex plays out tensions between the rational and irrational, the pagan and the Christian, the past and the 'enlightened' future. Examining these tensions in Hardy's life and his work provides a foundation for exploring the themes that develop in the latter half of the 20th century and again in the 21st century into a definable genre, folk horror.
The cardio-renal effect of pea protein hydrolysate in a chronic kidney disease rat model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) has antihypertensive effects and prostanoids have been implicated in renal diseases. To investigate the role of PPH and prostanoids on renal and cardiovascular effects in cardio-renal disease, normal and diseased Han:SPRD-cy rats were given diets containing either 0, 0.5% or 1% PPH for 8 weeks. At termination, diseased rat kidneys displayed increased renal cyst growth, fibrosis, plasma creatinine and lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Diseased rats also exhibited left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures and LV end diastolic and systolic pressures. Four of five prostanoids were elevated in diseased rat kidneys. PPH attenuated systolic blood pressure, but not other components of the cardio-renal syndrome. PPH also increased select prostanoids in normal and diseased rats. Thus, dietary PPH attenuates hypertension in the Han:SPRD-cy rat, but does not ameliorate other components of disease, possibly due to increased prostanoid effects or an insufficient treatment length.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Charge Decay on Solid Insulator Surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the measurement and simulation of surface charge decay on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) circular disc. The dependency of charge reduction on varied thickness was investigated. For the experiment, a rod-plane electrode arrangement was used to generate the positive corona discharge on the dielectric surface of PMMA. The measured surface potential was used to calculate the electric field by using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation model is axisymmetric having boundary conditions based on the measured potential. The surface charge density was then calculated from the normal electric field in the PMMA side and that in the air side. The comparison of estimated results and simulation results of surface charge density was made. The surface potential distribution was initially bell-shaped then decreased with time. The mechanism of electric conduction through the volume of insulation and charge neutralization by ambient gas ions influenced the surface potential decay. In the case of thicker PMMA, the reduction of surface potential distribution was fast in comparison with other cases. The estimated surface charge density was similar to the simulation results.
Polymorphism in NaSbO3:  Structure and Bonding in Metal Oxides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new polymorph of NaSbO(3) has been synthesized at 10.5 GPa and 1150 degrees C in a uniaxial split sphere anvil type press (USSA-2000) and recovered back to ambient conditions. The high-pressure form of NaSbO(3) adopts an orthorhombically distorted perovskite structure, isostructural with CaTiO(3), GdFeO(3), and NaTaO(3). The space group is Pnma, and the unit cell dimensions are a = 5.43835(6) A, b = 7.66195(8) A, c = 5.38201(5) A. It is a white insulator with an optical band gap of 3.4 eV. This compound represents the first ternary perovskite prepared containing Sb(5+) on the octahedral site. The octahedral tilting distortion in this compound is much larger than expected from ionic radii considerations. The distortion is driven by a second-order Jahn-Teller distortion originating on oxygen that can be traced back to strong Sb-O covalent bonding. A conflict arises between the strong covalent bonding interactions at oxygen that favor a large octahedral tilting distortion and the repulsive Na-O interactions that oppose excessive octahedral tilting. This conflict destabilizes the perovskite topology, thereby stabilizing the ilmenite polymorph under ambient conditions. Analysis of ionic and covalent bonding explains why ASbO(3) and ABiO(3) compositions frequently adopt structures that violate Pauling's rules.
Exploring Acceptability, Barriers, and Facilitators for Digital Health in Dermatology: Qualitative Focus Groups With Dermatologists, Nurses, and Patients (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Although several digital health interventions (DHIs) have shown promise in the care of skin diseases their uptake in Germany has been limited. To fully understand the reasons for the low uptake, an in-depth analysis of patients’ and health care providers’ barriers and facilitators in dermatology is needed.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore and compare attitudes, acceptability, barriers, and facilitators of patients, dermatologists, and nurses toward DHIs in dermatology.

METHODS

We conducted 6 web-based focus groups each with patients (n=34), dermatologists (n=30), and nurses (n=30) using a semistructured interview guide with short descriptions of DHIs described in the literature. A content analysis was performed using deductive constructs, following the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology framework, and inductive categories.

RESULTS

Patients identified many positive performance expectancies, such as reduced travel times and improvement in follow-up appointments. Dermatologists also stated positive effects (eg, promotion of standardized care), but also negative implications of health care digitalization (eg, increased workload). All stakeholders reported that a DHI should bring additional value to all stakeholders. A lack of digital competence among patients was identified as the major barrier to adoption by all 3 groups. Nurses and dermatologists want apps that are easy to use and easy to implement into their daily routines. Trust in selected institutions, colleagues, and physicians was identified as a facilitator. Patients reported their dependence on the dermatologists’ acceptance. All groups expressed concerns about data privacy risks and dermatologists stated insecurities toward data privacy laws.

CONCLUSIONS

To ensure successful digitalization in dermatology, apps should be user-friendly, adapted to users’ skill levels, and beneficial for all stakeholders. The incorporation of dermatologists’ perspectives is especially important as their acceptance may impact use among patients and nurses. DHIs should ensure and be transparent about data privacy. The found barriers and facilitators can be used for implementation strategies.

CLINICALTRIAL
Association of the CD134/CD134L costimulatory pathway with acute rejection of small bowel allograft

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The CD134/CD134L interaction provides a strong costimulatory signal that is CD28-independent. The CD134/CD134L pathway has been studied in inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease, but no information exists on the involvement of CD134/CD134L interactions in solid organ transplantation. Methods. CD134/CD134L costimulation was studied in a rat model of small bowel transplantation. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to analyze the expression and localization of CD134/ CD134L. Mixed lymphocyte culture and quantitative RT-PCR were used to measure the effect on T proliferation and T helper cell cytokine transcripts of single or combined CD134 and CD28 costimulatory blockade. Results. CD134 and CD134L molecules were strongly expressed in acutely rejected small bowel allografts. This expression was significantly suppressed by FK506. Interruption of the CD134 and CD28 costimulatory pathways resulted in an pronounced increase in expression of interleukin-10 transcripts. Conclusion. These results present the first evidence that the CD134/CD134L interaction is associated with acute allograft rejection. Combined CD134/CD134L blockade may be an effective treatment to both prevent acute allograft rejection and promote the induction of cells with regulatory capacity.
Numerical model to extract materials properties map from spectrally resolved luminescence images

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a numerical model to investigate spectrally resolved photoluminescence images. For each image location, the complete luminescence spectrum is modeled to extract absorption properties as well as thermodynamic properties such as the temperature and the quasi-Fermi level splitting. Not only the whole spectral information is used but also the spatial information is taken into account to reduce the uncertainty in the determination. The validity of the method is discussed to get rid of any ambiguity that could be inherent to fitting procedures with multi-parameters. We apply the method to CIGS polycrystalline thin films solar cells. Results will be discussed (such as correlation between parameters) and compared to previous results and other methods.
The role of PLZF in the transcriptional repression of the p21CIP1 gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The PLZF which is involved in rare cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia, is a POK family transcription factor containing nine Krüppel‐like C‐terminal Cys2–His2 zinc finger motifs and an N‐terminus BTB/POZ‐domain. PLZF plays important roles in myeloid cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. We investigated whether PLZF can regulate genes of ARF‐MDM2‐p53‐p21 regulatory pathway, which is important in cell cycle regulation and oncogenesis. We found that p21 gene, an ARF/p53 downstream cell cycle regulator gene, is the molecular target of PLZF. We dissected the molecular mechanism of transcription repression of p21 gene by PLZF. We found that PLZF directly bound onto the proximal Sp1 binding GC‐box elements 5/6 and the distal p53 binding elements of p21 promoter, and thereby it blocked transcriptional activation by Sp1 and p53. Our data also suggested that PLZF represses p21 gene by recruitment of corepressor‐HDAC complex recruited onto the binding sites via PLZF. PLZF caused cellular transformation, promoted cell cycle proliferation, and also increased the number of cells in S‐phase probably by affecting the gene transcription of p53 pathway.
Vedic Is- ‘ To Prosper’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is found in the Rgveda and in later mantra literature, but becoming obsolete later, a root noun is - of frequent occurrence. This is normally interpreted by Sayana as meaning ‘ food ’ ( annam ), and in conformity with this the modern interpreters usually render the term by ‘ nourishment’ or the like. Though this interpretation seems adequately to suit some passages, a survey of the whole material shows that this is too narrow a sphere of meaning to apply to the word in all its contexts. The central meaning is ‘ thriving, flourishing, prospering, prosperity’. This may apply to that thriving which results from adequate nourishment, to that nourishment itself, or to the force inherent in it. But it may also refer, and more frequently does, to men's thriving in economic, material, or social position, to the possession of riches necessary to maintain this status, and to the riches themselves. It also applies to the fructifying influence of rain or river-water necessary for the maintenance of life.
TCF7L2 regulates postmitotic differentiation programs and excitability patterns in the thalamus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuronal phenotypes are controlled by terminal selector transcription factors in invertebrates, but only a few examples of such regulators have been provided in vertebrates. We hypothesised that TCF7L2 regulates different stages of postmitotic differentiation in the thalamus, and functions as a thalamic terminal selector. To investigate this hypothesis, we used complete and conditional knockouts of Tcf7l2 in mice. The connectivity and clustering of neurons were disrupted in the thalamo-habenular region in Tcf7l2−/−embryos. The expression of subregional thalamic and habenular transcription factors was lost and region-specific cell migration and axon guidance genes were downregulated. In mice with a postnatal Tcf7l2 knockout, the induction of genes that confer thalamic terminal electrophysiological features was impaired. Many of these genes proved to be direct targets of TCF7L2. The role of TCF7L2 in terminal selection was functionally confirmed by impaired firing modes in thalamic neurons in the mutant mice. These data corroborate the existence of master regulators in the vertebrate brain that control stage-specific genetic programs and regional subroutines, maintain regional transcriptional network during embryonic development, and induce terminal selection postnatally.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (MenACWY-D) in Children 9–23 Months of Age in Russian Federation: Results of Russian Part of International Study in Russia and India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim . Assessment of tolerability, safety and immunogenicity of the 4-valent conjugated meningococcal MenACYW-D vaccine, administered 2 times to children 1–2 years of age in the Russian Federation. Study participants . 100 children aged 9–17 months not previously vaccinated against meningococcal infection. Methods . Two doses of the MenACYW-D vaccine were administered intramuscularly at intervals of 3–6 months. Antibody titers for meningococci of serogroups A, C, W, and Y were determined using a serum bactericidal assay in the presence of human complement before the 1st vaccination and 28 days after the 2nd vaccination. Participants with titers ≥ 1:8 were considered protected from meningococcal infection caused by the corresponding serogroup of meningococci. Results . After two vaccinations, the level of seroprotection in relation to these four serogroups of meningococci was achieved in 92.9–99.0% of vaccinated children. No immediate adverse events were reported after any of the 2 doses of the vaccine studied. The frequency of local and general expected adverse reactions after any of the 2 doses of the vaccine was 45% and 40%, respectively, in terms of severity they were mostly weak and disappeared within 3 days. In general, there was no increase in the reactogenicity of the vaccine after administration of the 2nd dose compared to the 1st dose. Unexpected adverse events were recorded in 10% of the study participants, of which only one (diarrhea that stopped within one day) at the conclusion of the research physician was a causally related with the vaccine. None of the adverse events led to the early termination of participation in the study. One serious adverse event has been reported, which the physician has identified as not having a causal relationship with the vaccine being studied. Conclusions . Two dose immunization with the MenACWY-D vaccine in children 1–2 years of age in the Russian Federation was safe, well tolerated, and induced a pronounced bactericidal humoral immune response against meningococci of serogroups A, C, W, and Y.
[Expression of B domain-deleted human coagulant factor VIII gene in 293T cells mediated by lentiviral vector in vitro].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study was aimed to construct a lentiviral vector carrying human coagulant factor VIII (FVIII) and to investigate its expression in 293T cells. B-domain-deleted factor VIII gene fragment (BDDhFVIIIcDNA) was obtained by enzyme digestion and cloned into lentiviral vector pXZ208 to establish the expression vector pXZ208-BDDhFVIII. Recombinant viral particles were prepared by cotransfection with packaging plasmid delta NRF and envelope plasmid VSV-G using calcium phosphate precipitation method. 293T cells were transfected by viral supernatant. Coagulant activity of FVIII, BDDhFVIIImRNA and genome integration were assayed by one-step method, RT-PCR and PCR after transfection. The results showed that 293T cells could be transfected by recombinant virus. The transfection rate of 293T was 59.57%. After transfection, the cells expressed FVIII efficiently. Detection confirmed that the activity of FVIII was 12%, 43% and 87% respectively at 24, 48 and 72 hours after infection. BDDhFVIII transcription was detected by RT-PCR from the infected cells. The gene integration in the targeted cells was also observed. It is concluded that the successfully constructed lentiviral vector is able to generate high level expression of human FVIII in 293T cells, which may provide a potential application of gene therapy to haemophilia A.