jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crisis on Starting a Working Life

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Entering professional life is a major hurdle for many young people. In Switzerland, adolescents are expected to know by the age of fifteen whether they want to aim for a university education or enter an apprenticeship for a practical profession. The choice frequently overtaxes them, with many mistakenly choosing the wrong track. This is reflected in a dropout rate of 28.8 % among apprentices. Such mistakes are associated with a range of psychological problems. If they cannot be resolved, there is a great danger that the patient completely drops out of normal working life. This is where homeopathy can prove very helpful: homeopathic treatment often can relieve a difficult situation within a much shorter time than counselling or psychotherapy, enabling the patient to successfully make a fresh start in a more promising direction. We use polarity analysis (PA) for remedy selection. This method came to prominence with the Swiss homeopathic ADHD double-blind study, which successfully demonstrated a statistically significant difference between highly diluted homeopathic remedies and placebo. PA enables homeopaths to calculate a healing probability for each possible remedy, based on Boenninghausenʼs grading of polar symptoms. In evaluation studies with a variety of acute and chronic diseases, as well as with multimorbid patients, PA has led to clearly improved results compared to a conventional homeopathic approach. In this paper we introduce the procedure and illustrate it with three case studies of critical situations on starting a working life.
ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION CHAIN OF ARABICA COFFEE IN SEMARANG REGENCY IN 2015

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The research aims to determine the flow of distribution chain of Arabica coffee, the actors of distribution chain of Arabica coffee, and the profit margin enjoyed by each actor of distribution chain of Arabica coffee in Semarang Regency. A method used in this research is the mixed method. The location of research is taken in two Districts that have a high production of Arabica coffee those are Getasan District and Banyubiru District. The samples taken in this research consist of 44 coffee farmers, 5 collectors of coffee fruit, 2 wholesalers of coffee fruit, and 3 sellers of Arabica coffee. The data analysis method uses two approaches those are the interactive qualitative using the analysis of the supply chain system and the quantitative descriptive using the analysis of the marketing margin. Based on the research result from the three subject matters, there are three marketing patterns of Arabica coffee those are: (1) The distribution pattern of farming that is existing grows naturally and conforms to the development, needs and capabilities of the actors; the actors in this pattern are the farmers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers; (2) The margin that occurs in a pattern growing naturally causes the price difference that is quite large in pattern I of margin about Rp 28,000.00, in pattern II about Rp 20,000.00, and in pattern III about Rp 10,000.00, and the biggest profit is in the collectors so the selling price of the farmers is lower than the market price.
What does the general public expect from a night-sky observation?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Night-Sky Observation Program (POC, acronym in Portuguese for Programa de Observação do Céu) is the most traditional education activity run by the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences (MAST). It takes place twice a week and has an annual participation of 2,400 people. It starts with a brief talk and is followed by the observation with MAST's telescopes (one of them being over a century old and other modern amateur models). The present work is the first research conducted aimed at POC's evaluation according to the participants’ perspectives in its 33 years of existence. The data were collected using two instruments: a questionnaire, distributed to the participants prior to the activity, and an interview, conducted after the observations. We analysed the data using the Discourse of Collective Subject methodology, which allowed us to understand thoughts and values of the participants on a given topic. We find that the participants have the habit of gazing at the sky, even if for contemplation purposes only, and that the talk makes the public feel more prepared to observe the sky. It was frequently mentioned, though, that the language of the talk should be more oriented to children. We also find that the public expects to observe planets, stars, and constellations, and very few of them are disappointed with the whole experience. The participants also perceive the historical value of the old refractor and declare that the activity brought them feelings of wonderment. We concluded that our instruments and methodology are suitable to evaluate similar sky-observation activities. As a next step, we will conduct a survey to identify worldwide institutions that also use historically valuable telescopes in their public observations with the goal of exchanging experiences and discussing the use of such instruments with education purposes.
How Ice Based Thermal Energy Storage can help cut electricity and fuel costs of Indian Railways

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With a rise in the per capita income of the country, the passenger load in the premium trains as well as premium travel classes of the Indian Railways is also increasing. Since Indian Railways still remains the artery of nation's public transit, so it is equally important for the Railways to match the demand for the premium and air conditioned coaches as well as facilities for its passengers. For the same purpose, the rail coach factories are rolling out the well equipped air conditioned Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) coaches at a quick pace. On the other hand, this is accelerating the demand for electric energy by the railways at a rapid pace. This increased demand for electricity is being fulfilled by three ways viz; overhead lines, self generating coach production and EOG (End On Generation); on board power supply by adding generator cars. Although these methods have proven to be successful in fulfilling the demand, but the downside is the increased operational cost. The present subject matter here provides a solution to the problem of rising operational costs by providing a solution, which can help cut down the air conditioning costs by a fraction. Thus help cut down the electricity requirement for the operations of Indian railways, by using Ice Based Thermal Energy Storage System for Air Conditioning.
Hypoglycemia in Terminally Ill Patients with Cancer with a History of Diabetes Mellitus Admitted to a General Ward: A Retrospective Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Poor glycemic control may be a risk factor for hypoglycemia in terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, no guidelines have been established for achieving glycemic control in this patient population, and epidemiological information remains lacking. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypoglycemic episodes and provide epidemiological information on hypoglycemia in terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of DM admitted to a general ward. Design: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. Setting/Subjects: This study enrolled terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of DM, receiving palliative care at a hospital in Japan between January 2017 and July 2022. Measurements: Data extracted from the patients’ medical records were age, sex, body mass index, primary cancer, liver metastases, dialysis status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, type and duration of DM, HbA1c level, and use of diabetes medications (antihyperglycemic agents and types and insulin) at the time of initial visit within 180 days of death. Results: Among the 104 patients included in the analysis, hypoglycemic episodes occurred in 36 patients (34.6%). The total number of hypoglycemic episodes was 132, and the median number of hypoglycemic episodes for each patient during hospitalization was 2.5 (interquartile range, 1–6). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypoglycemia in terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of DM who were admitted to a Japanese general ward was 34.6%. Further studies are needed to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia because of overtreatment in this patient population.
Chemogenetic stimulation of the Gi pathway in astrocytes suppresses neuroinflammation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Engineered G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are commonly used in chemogenetics as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). Although several GPCRs have been studied in astrocytes using a chemogenetic approach, the functional role of the astrocytic G i pathway is not clear, as the literature is conflicting depending on the brain regions or behaviors investigated. In this study, we evaluated the role of the astrocytic G i pathway in neuroinflammation using a G i ‐coupled DREADD (hM4Di). G i ‐DREADD was expressed in hippocampal astrocytes of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation mouse model using adeno‐associated viruses. We found that astrocyte G i ‐DREADD stimulation using clozapine N‐oxide (CNO) inhibits neuroinflammation, as characterized by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, glial activation, and cognitive impairment in mice. Subsequent experiments using primary astrocyte cultures revealed that G i ‐DREADD stimulation significantly downregulated LPS‐induced expression of Nos2 mRNA and nitric oxide production. Similarly, in vitro calcium imaging showed that activation of the astrocytic G i pathway attenuated intracellular calcium transients triggered by LPS treatment, suggesting a positive correlation between enhanced calcium transients and the inflammatory phenotype of astrocytes observed in the inflamed brain. Taken together, our results indicate that the astrocytic G i pathway plays an inhibitory role in neuroinflammation, providing an opportunity to identify potential cellular and molecular targets to control neuroinflammation.
Lost in the New Five-Party System? Coalition Options and Strategies of the German Social Democratic Party in the Run-up to the 2013 Federal Elections

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

 The party groups in the European Parliament can be divided into six party families: social democrats, conservatives, liberals, greens, left-wing socialists and right-wing populists. In some countries, there are also regional parties. In these circumstances, even just arithmetically the weakened major parties are likely to need not just one, but two smaller coalition partners to form a government.
Pseudospin–Orbit Coupling for Chiral Light Routings in Gauge-Flux-Biased Coupled Microring Resonators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pseudospin–orbit coupling of light, exploiting artificially defined photon spins to steer its spatial motion, underlies many intriguing light–matter interaction phenomena and spin-based optical devices. Microring resonators, hosting counter-circulating whispering gallery modes as two pseudospins, are promising candidates for spin-based light control. Here, by applying a gauge-flux biasing in a microring resonator array with different boundary topologies, we establish a new pseudospin–orbit coupling framework and achieve spin-locked chiral light routing effects. We show that for a closed-loop array with Born–von Karman periodic boundary conditions, a real gauge-flux biasing can induce opposite dispersion relation shifting and hence clockwise and counterclockwise light routings for the two pseudospin modes. We attain spin-locked opposite routing paths both for single-port and multiport inputs using resonator trimer and quadrumer structures, respectively. For open boundary conditions, we find that an imaginary gauge-flux biasing can squeeze the two pseudospin modes to the opposite ports, showing the "non-Hermitian skin effect" and spin-locked amplified and decayed routing effects. Our study may find applications in spin-resolved networks-on-chip optical communications, interconnections, and signal processing.
How could Crowdfunding Campaign Leaders be Likeable Enough to Achieve Success?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

People decide whom to trust, what advice to heed, and which individuals to forge personal relationships with based on whom they like. Success, in turn, comes from understanding one basic principle: how to be more likable. Our research indicates that in current social context, entrepreneurs should not only have capability, but also likability. In this article, we shed light on the comparison between crowdfunding and mass media campaigns. Our findings propose that crowdfunding projectors should express a positive facial expression, attractive physical appearance, warmth, friendliness, sense of humor, and credibility, as well as pay attention to their similarity and relevance to their target audiences or funders. The more you are liked or the higher your likeability factor, the more successful your campaign will be.
Socio-Demographic Profile of Cancer Cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is a significant public health concern globally, with its impact growing in low-and middle-income countries.Several factors influence the increasing rate of morbidity and mortality due to cancer.The study therefore, was a socio-demographic profile of cancer cases at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, to comprehensively examine the occurrence of cancer cases in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.Data were collected over a 6-month period from patients diagnosed with cancer at the hospital.Demographic information and the clinical syndromes associated with the various cancer types were systematically obtained from the patients using well-structured questionnaires.Descriptive statistics and relevant analytical methods were employed to provide insights into the burden and distribution of cancer cases.From the study, the prevalence was higher among patients between the ages of 40-69 (71.4%), while patients between the ages 19-39 (14.3%) recorded the lowest prevalence.Higher prevalence was however reported among the female cases (81.8%) than the male cases (18.2%).Data showed breast cancer emerged as the leading cancer type (61.4%), followed by ovarian cancer (9.1%), skin cancer (8.0%), cervical and lung cancer (5.7%), and liver cancer (1.1%).Results also showed that cancer was more prevalent among those in business (46.6%)followed by civil servants (37.5%) and least among clergymen (1.1%).Prevalence based on treatment type showed that patients exposed to chemotherapy (68.2%) were more than those on non-chemotherapy (31.8%).The distribution of cancer types exhibited notable diversity, encompassing various organ systems.This study therefore underscored the importance of surveillance and research efforts to better understand the epidemiological landscape of cancer in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.The results will thus serve as a foundation for the formulation of evidence-based strategies for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and management.Regular screening is hereby recommended to prevent the incidence of malignant cancer.
Russian Historical Painting at World Expositions in the United States (Late XIX - Early XX Century)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study is to analyse the Russian historical painting at the World Expositions of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries held in the United States. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that the Russian historical painting presented at the World Expositions in the United States is considered as a cross-section of the main achievements of the Russian national school of painting in the second half of the XIX - early XX century. As a result, it is proved that the Russian historical painting that was shown at the World Expositions reflected development of the national school of painting in its main aspects, i.e. coexistence of two leading lines - democratic and salon-academic; prevalence of plots from national history and everyday life. The Russian historical painting introduced history and rituals of Russia in a figurative artistic form to foreign viewers.
Strings from Logic

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

What are strings made of? The possibility is discussed that strings are purely mathematical objects, made of logical axioms. More precisely, proofs in simple logical calculi are represented by graphs that can be interpreted as the Feynman diagrams of certain large-N field theories. Each vertex represents an axiom. Strings arise, because these large-N theories are dual to string theories. These ``logical quantum field theories'' map theorems into the space of functions of two parameters: N and the coupling constant. Undecidable theorems might be related to nonperturbative field theory effects.
Establishment of experimental autoimmune prostatitis model by T2peptide in aluminium hydroxide adjuvant

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A mouse model was developed to simulate the clinical features of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome using peptide (T2 ). Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups of 10 mice each, averagely and randomly. T2 plus aluminium hydroxide adjuvant group was given subcutaneous injection with the emulsion mixture of T2 and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant, the T2 group with T2 , the aluminium hydroxide adjuvant group with aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and the normal control group with 0.9/% NaCl solution. Haematoxylin andeosin staining was used to observe the inflammation of the prostate. Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP were detected by ELISA kit. The expression of IL-1βin the prostate was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The statistical differences between the groups were compared by t test. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that prostate lesions were most severe in the group immunised with T2 plus aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP were statistically elevated compared with control groups. The expression levels of IL-1β in the prostate were more obvious than control groups. T2 in aluminium hydroxide adjuvant subcutaneous injection could successfully set up experimental autoimmune prostatitis in C57BL/6 mice. This murine model would be greatly beneficial to further comprehend the aetiology, pathogenesis and explicit treatment of CP/CPPS.
Contribution of Phagocytosis and Intracellular Sensing for Cytokine Production by Staphylococcus aureus -Activated Macrophages

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the sensing of microbially derived compounds. We analyzed the contribution of these receptors to cytokine production by macrophages following stimulation with whole bacteria. Using knockout mice, we confirmed that the TLR4 and TLR2 contribution was predominant in the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 by gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the absence of TLR2 and/or TLR4 or TLR9 did not affect the response to gram-positive bacteria. In the absence of TLR2, phagocytosis was essential for cytokine production in response to heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA). Because intracellular sensing was important in the absence of TLR2, we evaluated the contribution of Nod1 and Nod2, intracytoplasmic sensors of peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides, to the response to HKSA. By transfecting RAW 264.7 macrophages with dominant negative (DN) forms of Nod1 and Nod2, we showed that both molecules inhibited NF-κB activation in response to HKSA. The unexpected interference of DN Nod1 in the response of macrophages to gram-positive bacteria was confirmed with a Nod2 agonist (muramyl dipeptide) in transfection experiments with HEK293T cell. Taken together, these results show the contribution of phagocytosis and Nod molecules to the response to HKSA in macrophages and also identify possible cross talk between Nod1 and Nod2.
Imitation Modeling of the Daily Pulse Signal for Long-Term Monitoring Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

В кваліфікаційній роботі представлено етапи проектування мікропроцесорного пристрою для автоматизованого регулювання рівня температури.\t\t\t \nЗдійснено аналітичний огляд відомих рішень щодо автоматизованого регулювання рівня температури. Описано процес проектування структурної схеми нового мікропроцесорного пристрою для автоматизованого регулювання рівня температури з подальшим проектуванням схеми електричної принципової мікропроцесорного пристрою. Описано процес обирання компонентної бази мікропроцесорного пристрою на підставі здійсненого параметричного синтезу вузлів схеми електричної принципової. Описано етап проектування плати друкованої та вузла мікропроцесорного пристрою засобами САПР P-CAD. Визначено рівень надійності мікропроцесорного пристрою в розрізі його компонентної бази.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \nТехнічні параметри мікропроцесорного пристрою: діапазон контролюючих температур - від 25°С до 38°С; максимальна точність підтримки температури - 0,1°С; похибка термометра - не більше 1,5% від верхньої межі вимірювання; одночасний контроль 8-ми об’єктів; можливість підключення 4 аналогових і 4 цифрових давачів.
Numerical analysis in rock engineering 3(proj#ST-33) under dynamic loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rock failure mechanism is comprised of crack initiation, crack propagation, crack coalescence and the ultimate failure stage. The objective of this report is to evaluate the role of some critical properties that would play in the failure process. A software developed on the basis of the discontinuous deformation analysis is utilized in this report to simulate the biaxial compression test. The inherent properties of rock and loading configuration are taken into consideration in this simulation.Some investigations have been conducted by previous students under uniaxial compression where the failure is dominated by wing cracks and resulting in the axial splitting. In this report, the numerical simulation model is undergoing the biaxial compressive stresses in different magnitudes and loading rates. In this case, the ultimate failure pattern is a combination of axial splitting and shearing.
The influence of uncertainties of infill panels relative to the seismic response of RC existing buildings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Macro-modelling approaches are widely used for assessing the effects of infill panels.However, they contain some specific uncertainties concerning the definition of the equivalent strut (such as the width of the strut, the non-linear constitutive law under cyclic actions and assignment of mechanical properties in multiple strut models) that causes the variability of global structural response.As a result, there is the need to identify what are the parameters that influence the overall response of the building.After the identification of significant parameters, it is crucial to quantify the variation of the results regarding the safety verification of the building.In order to investigate this aspect, for two existing buildings with different heights, using a range of permissible values, the characteristic points (yield strength and maximum point) of the cyclic non-linear law were changed.The procedure has been carried out with the other preliminarily fixed parameters of the equivalent struts.With this approach, a variation of the safety in performance terms was assessed by carrying out a sensitivity analysis of the non-linear cyclic law.The results proposed lay the foundations for further consideration of issues relating to the modelling uncertainties and the development of simplified models for the assessment of existing structures designed to withstand only vertical loads.