jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A New History of Scotland. II. Scotland from 1603 to the Present Day

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.
Bleeding from the “Torn Bough”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines the role of landscape and nature in Joyce's poetry, along with the rise of nature and eco-criticism in Irish Studies in the past decade, arguing that nature reminds Joyce of exile and suffering, while landscape provides the common ground for love and escape in his poems collected as Pomes Penyeach. Joyce's darker views of nature deeply complicate the pastoral or nostalgic as terms for literary interpretation and invite discussions of nature onto the scene in specifically religious and psychoanalytical terms. Joyce's urban pastoral runs counter to the dominant meditations of the Irish Renaissance, and illustrates how the land has always been a sign of exclusion for the Irish, even when they do not recognize this fact. In a sustained discussion of each poem in Joyce's second volume, the essay shows how Joyce engages the complexity of “the urban pastoral” in all its psychological, political, sexual, and religious dimensions. Ultimately, for Joyce the journey towards the confrontation with the site of the maternal and the uncanny is the inevitable direction for his writing.
The damage of proteins caused by singlet oxygen

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Organisms produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) throughout their lives. ROS including superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen whit known to oxidize biological macromolecules, The accumulation of oxidized, or modified, extra- and intra-cellular proteins in vivo cause age-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and cataract. Therefore, it is important to study the damage of proteins by photo-sensitizer. Singlet oxygen is a high reactive oxidant in biology systems, and that proteins are a major target for the damage initiated by this reactive species. Reaction with proteins occurs primarily at Trp, Met, Cys, His, and Tyr side-chains with this resulting in the formation of short-lived endo- or hydroperoxides on Trp, His, and Tyr resi- dues. This paper is a brief introduction about the reactions of singlet oxygen with tyrosine and histidine.
Vibration Design of Amine Regenerator Tower and its Piping System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fluid induced vibration in high-elevation tower and its piping system is examined with on-site measurement, numerical simulation, and analytical model. In this article, Amine regeneration tower in gas separation plant is subjected to investigation since significant vibration in both tower and its piping system prevents the normal operation especially with increased loading capacity. Measurement in frequency domain for inlet piping system shows single dominant peak as well as small peaks in low frequency range. In search of solution, analytical study with computational fluid dynamics model is conducted to reduce fluid velocity which results in decreased dynamic force in both piping system and regeneration tower and reduces the fluid-induced vibration associated with slug flow. Based on the fluid dynamics study, piping modification is designed and applied to the piping system and tower and vibration improvement is achieved as expected.
Prognostic Role of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The findings of the present study indicated that a high serum concentration of hs-cTnT is a useful prognostic predictor that is independent of LVEF or BNP in CHF patients with non-ischemic DCM, suggesting that an increased hs-cTnT concentration sensitively reflects ongoing myocardial damage.
A 27-Year-Old Woman with Epilepsy Planning for Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Treatment for women with epilepsy (WWE) of childbearing age should be cautiously selected, given that the benefits of treatment during potential future pregnancies have to be weighed against the adverse effects on the developing fetus. The number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has increased significantly in the last 20 years, and remarkable progress has been made in characterizing their teratogenicity, adverse neonatal outcomes, and neurodevelopmental problems. Not only the AED choice, but the number of AEDs used and their dose are also important. This chapter aims to introduce some of the basic guidelines for preconception counseling.
The Dominican Republic Trade Policy Review 2008

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews the Dominican Republic's 2008 Trade Policy Review undertaken in the context of the WTO's regulations. The Trade Policy Review reveals that the country has been successfully pursuing a more open trade regime. However, several challenges remain, particularly like addressing the asymmetries between the domestic and export-oriented sectors, and the bias created by the incentives provided to specific industries.
Comparable efficacy and safety of generic and branded imatinib for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Generics imatinib became an alternative treatment option for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in China. However, clinicians and patients alike harbor concerns regarding the long-term safety of generic imatinib. Objectives: Patients with chronic phase CML receiving frontline imatinib treatment. Design: A retrospective study was used to evaluate the blood concentration, effectiveness, and safety of generic in 170 CML patients. Methods: Imatinib plasma concentrations were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Among the 170 patients, 73 (42.9%) patients treated with branded imatinib as first-line therapy, while 22 (12.9%) switched to generic imatinib during treatment due to economic considerations. No significant differences in trough concentrations between branded and generic imatinib (1549.9 ± 648.8 ng/mL vs 1479.0 ± 507.0 ng/mL; p = 0.95). During the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in molecular response rates (major molecular response (MMR): 33.3% vs 37.0%; deep molecular response: 56.9% vs 42.9%, p = 0.17) between the branded and generic imatinib. Both groups showed similar rates of switching to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (11.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.56). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in event-free survival or failure-free survival between branded and generic imatinib. Twenty-two (12.9%) switched to generic imatinib during treatment, 68.2% maintained their level of response, 27.3% improved, and only one patient (4.5%) lost MMR. There were no significant differences in the incidence of various adverse events. Conclusion: Generic imatinib are equally effective and safe compared to branded molecules, both for newly diagnosed patients and those who switch from branded.
Characterizing the deep uncertainties surrounding coastal flood hazard projections: A case study for Norfolk, VA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coastal planners and decision makers design risk management strategies based on hazard projections. However, projections can differ drastically. What causes this divergence and which projection(s) should a decision maker adopt to create plans and adaptation efforts for improving coastal resiliency? Using Norfolk, Virginia, as a case study, we start to address these questions by characterizing and quantifying the drivers of differences between published sea-level rise and storm surge projections, and how these differences can impact efforts to improve coastal resilience. We find that assumptions about the complex behavior of ice sheets are the primary drivers of flood hazard diversity. Adopting a single hazard projection neglects key uncertainties and can lead to overconfident projections and downwards biased hazard estimates. These results highlight key avenues to improve the usefulness of hazard projections to inform decision-making such as (i) representing complex ice sheet behavior, (ii) covering decision-relevant timescales beyond this century, (iii) resolving storm surges with a low chance of occurring (e.g., a 0.2% chance per year), (iv) considering that storm surge projections may deviate from the historical record, and (v) communicating the considerable deep uncertainty.
7a-Methoxylation of Cephalosporins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A method for 7u-methoxylation of cephalosporins is described.Treatment of the imidoyl chlorides of cephalosporins (2) with 4-methoxypyridine N-oxide afforded (4-pyrido-1-y1)oxyimino compounds (A), which were transformed to 7u-methoxycephalosposins
Development of a Surveillance System for Pediatric Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Pediatric hospital-acquired (HA) venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a vexing problem with improvement efforts hampered by lack of robust surveillance methods to establish accurate rates of HA-VTE. METHODS: At a freestanding children’s hospital, a multidisciplinary team worked to develop a comprehensive surveillance strategy for HA-VTE. Starting with diagnosis codes, we implemented complementary detection methods, including clinical and radiology data, to develop a robust surveillance system. HA-VTE events were tracked by using descriptive statistics and a statistical process control chart. Detection methods were evaluated via retrospective application of each method to every identified HA-VTE. Initial detection method was tracked. RESULTS: A total of 68 HA-VTE events were identified and the median number of events per 1000 patient days increased from 0.18 to 0.34. No single detection method would have identified all events. Each detection method initially identified HA-VTE events. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of multiple detection methods has optimized timely detection of HA-VTE. This allows the establishment of a reliable baseline rate, enabling quality improvement efforts to address HA-VTE.
Free-electron laser diagnosis by polarization analysis of Thomson backscattered light

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The polarization properties of backscattered radiation from a relativistic electron beam are analyzed. It is shown that the polarization state of the backscattered radiation is changed with respect to that of the incoming radiation whenever a transverse component is present in the velocity distribution of the electron beam. Changes of polarization properties are evaluated in order to serve as a diagnostic tool for electron-beam parameters relevant to the performance of free-electron lasers, namely the beam emittance and the wiggler parameter. A measurable dimensionless ‘‘depolarization parameter’’ is introduced which directly measures these two parameters.
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activities, and composition of ZCSSWE, an ethanol extract derived from the anti-arthritic chinese herbal formula zha chong shi san wei pill

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The classical Chinese herbal formula Zha Chong Shi San Wei pill (ZCSSW) has been commonly used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for hundreds of years to alleviate pain and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract were examined by using albumin egg-induce paw edema in mice assay and xylene-induced ear edema in mice method. Analgesic activity was evaluated by three models of acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin test and hot-plate test in mice. In addition, the total flavonoids (TF), total polysaccharide (TP) and total alkaloids (TA) in ZCSSWE were determined. \nThe result suggested that ZCSSWE possesses excellent anti-inflammatory activity as well as peripheral and central analgesic properties, TF and TA may be the active ingredients. It also showed that ZCSSWE would be a valuable candidate for further investigation as a new anti-arthritic drug.
Linguistic and Political Ferment in the Franco-Italian Epic: TheGeste Francoras Minor Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article proposes a reading of the medieval Franco-Italian epic collection La Geste Francor alongside Deleuze and Guattari's theory of minor literature. A text once condemned as a degenerate hybrid because of its language, which combines forms of Old French with elements of Italian vernaculars, the Geste also challenges norms of genre, thematic integrity, and poetic consistency. Like other minor literature, it troubles the constants of traditional literary analysis, precisely because our idea of "literature" has been defined in relation to major works. Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of literary polylingualism and their taxonomy of languages allow for a recuperation of works like the Geste; here, this leads to an interpretation that casts the hybrid language of the text as a means for managing and harmonizing the rival cultural, linguistic, and political claims found in medieval northern Italy. Ultimately, though, the Geste offers a different politics of the minor to that of Deleuze and Guattari: its hybrid tongue permits a cohabitation of respect for tradition and stability with vectors for change and innovation.
IL-6 and VEGF expression in cervical cancer and their clinical role

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To elucidate the clinical role of IL-6 expression in cervical cancer,and its relation with VEGF.Methods:Forty-five cervical cancer patients and twenty-three myoma of uterus with chronic cervictits receiving hysterectomy were enrolled.Meanwhile,twenty CIN tissues were enrolled in the study.Immunohistochemical staining(SABC、SP) was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and VEGF.Results:IL-6 and VEGF was mainly expressed in the celluar membrane and /or cytoplasm in tumor cells and dysplastic cells.IL-6 was mainly expressed in the celluar membrane and /or cytoplasm in basal cells and epithelial cells of chronic cervictits tissues.Positive rates of IL-6 expression in chronic cervictits,CIN and cervical cancer were 23.10%,70.00% and 84.40%,respectively.increased among three groups(P0.05 or P0.01).Positive rates of expression of VEGF in chronic cervictits、CIN and cervical cancer were 0%,50.0%,and 80.0%,respectively.increased among three groups(P0.05 or P0.01).The expression of IL-6 correlated with tumor sizes,stromal invasion and VEGF expression(P0.05).Conclusions:IL-6 level increases in cancer tissues.And the possible role is that IL-6 has a stimulating effect on tumor development and participate in angiogenesis in cervical cancer.
Optical absorption spectrum of tin diselenide single crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Single-crystal platelets of n-type SnSe2 have been grown by the vapor phase transport technique without using a transport agent. Optical absorption has been studied at 25 °C for light polarized perpendicular to the crystallographic axis of symmetry. Order numbers of interference fringes in the transmission spectrum have been uniquely assigned. Variation of refractive index and absorption coefficeint with energy has been reported. It is found that the intrinsic SnSe2 absorption edge arises from forbidden indirect transitions across an energy gap of 0.98 eV and allowed direct transitions across an energy gap of 2.1 eV.
Carbon Dots from Camelina Decorating hFGF2-Linked Camelina Lipid Droplets Cooperate to Accelerate Wound Healing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Constant oxidative stress at the wound site prolongs the inflammation period and slows down the proliferation stage. In order to shorten the inflammatory period meanwhile promote the proliferative activity of fibroblasts, herein, we synthesized novel camelina-derived carbon dots (CDs) decorating on hFGF2-linked camelina lipid droplets (CLD-hFGF2) to form nanobiomaterial CDs-CLD-hFGF2. The CDs-CLD-hFGF2 possesses peroxidase activity and has effective reactive oxygen species radical scavenging activity while achieving proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells under oxidative stress in vitro. In the acute wound model, wound healing after CDs-CLD-hFGF2 treatment reached nearly 92% on the 10th day, compared with 82% for CLD-hFGF2. Moreover, the wound site showed significant anti-inflammatory effects characterized by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory factor levels. Overall, this study provided a strategy for the comprehensive utilization of camelina oil crops and revealed a promising future that could be considered an effective method for wound healing on the skin.
Observation of spontaneous decay of Alfvénic fluctuations into co- and counter-propagating magnetosonic waves in a laboratory plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show experimentally that Alfvénic fluctuations can spontaneously decay into a fast and a slow magnetosonic wave in an inhomogeneous plasma. The fast wave of higher frequency propagates in the same direction, while the slow wave of lower frequency propagates in the opposite direction with the pump wave. Both of the daughter waves are characterized by strong parallel but modest perpendicular fluctuations. The measured frequencies and wavenumbers are found to satisfy the energy and momentum conservation conditions for a nonlinear three wave interaction. The evidence of energy flowing from pump fluctuations into daughter waves is also presented in this paper. The results may shed light on the origin of inward Alfvén waves observed in the solar corona and chromosphere and how shear Alfvén waves deposit its energy by driving compressional perturbations.
Estimating Accessibility Problems in the Swedish Housing Stock Using Citizen Science: The Housing Experiment 2021

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Accessible housing for the aging population is important, but large-scale reliable information on accessibility problems in ordinary housing is lacking. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of environmental barriers and analyze potential accessibility problems in the Swedish housing stock and to evaluate the validity and representativeness of housing data collected in a citizen science project. Data on environmental barriers in 1181 dwellings were collected by members of the public. Prevalence of barriers and potential accessibility problems were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ranking methodology. Validity and representativeness were addressed by comparisons with public statistics and research, and analysis of data properties. It was found there are substantial numbers of environmental barriers in dwellings across Sweden that generate accessibility problems for people with functional limitations. The results suggest that with user-friendly data collection tools and instructions, data validity and representativeness can be achieved in citizen science projects involving older adults.
ON THE SYSTEM OF LEGISLATION ON ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES, ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS AND ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the issues of offences in the field of criminal and administrative law. The author draws attention to the fact that those types of legal proceedings (including criminal and administrative) which are proclaimed in Part 2 of Art. 118 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are not equivalent from the procedural perspective. The Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is a unified federal procedural legislative act. While administrative legal proceeding is based on the Code of Administrative Judicial Procedure of the Russian Federation and the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation — for economic disputes arising from administrative legal relations, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (which will soon be replaced by a new one together with a separate one — fundamentally new Procedural Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) and a number of other acts, including acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, at the very beginning of this century, the State Duma developed and in the first reading adopted a draft federal law on administrative courts in the Russian Federation, which a few years later was excluded from the plan of legislative work of the State Duma due to, as the author believes, the absence of an appropriate procedural law. The unity of understanding of offences in the administrative and criminal fields is based on the fact that in both cases it is a socially dangerous act, the difference is only in the degree of public danger. Moreover, each of these types of offences is divided into a number of subspecies — also depending on the degree of public danger. In this connection the legalization of a criminal infraction as well as the introduction of criminal liability of legal entities would be appropriate within the framework of the issue under consideration. Then it will make possible legislative consolidation (in its final form) of a single "line" of offences, differentiated in detail (at about ten "categories") depending on the degree of public danger of each of the "categories", with a simultaneous (also a single law) legal procedural basis for regulating the procedure for considering cases of offenses
Formation of Peroxynitrite from the Oxidation of Hydrogen Peroxide by Nitrosonium Ion (NO+):  A Pulse Radiolysis Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rate constant of the reaction of •N3 with •NO has been determined to be (4.4 ± 0.5) × 109 M-1 s-1 using the pulse radiolysis technique at pH 7.6−8.3 and 21 °C. The reaction of •N3 with •NO takes place through an inner-sphere electron-transfer mechanism yielding N3NO as an intermediate, which subsequently decays to N2O and N2. Peroxynitrite was formed when H2O2 was added to the •N3/•NO system at pH 5.8−8.3. The maximum yield of peroxynitrite, which was obtained at [H2O2] > 0.2 M, was ∼34% of the initially produced •N3, indicating that N3NO does not react directly with H2O2. We conclude that, in the presence of high concentrations of H2O2, ∼64% of the N3NO decomposes into N2O and N2, whereas the remaining 34% yields NO+ or H2NO2+, which subsequently reacts with H2O2 to form peroxynitrite. The comparison of our kinetic results with those obtained previously in the H+/HNO2/H2O2 system shows that the nitrosating species in both systems differ. As H2NO2+ is the precursor of NO+ in the H+/HNO2/H2O2 system, we conclude that the reactive intermediate in our system is most probably NO+. From the dependence of the yield of peroxynitrite on [H2O2], the ratio between the rate constants of the reactions of NO+ with H2O2 and H2O was determined to be 65 M-1. These rate constants were estimated to be k7 > 3 × 108 and k-4[H2O] > 4.6 × 106 s-1, respectively.