jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Small Bowel Obstruction in Ileal J-pouch From Coin Ingestion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Small bowel obstruction is a common complication after ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Adhesions are the most frequent cause. Foreign body ingestions are uncommon in adults. We report a rare case of a small bowel obstruction in an adult patient with IPAA after coin ingestion. Case Description A 72 year old man with history of refractory ulcerative colitis underwent protocolectomy with ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis in 1999. He presented to the emergency department in December 2016 with complaint of crampy, lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting for two days. He denied any fever or chills. No constipation or diarrhea. Lab studies revealed a normal white blood cell count, normal lipase and normal liver function tests. CT scan of the abdomen revealed a dilatation of the distal ileum measuring 38 mm in diameter, small bowel wall thickening and mesenteric fat stranding proximal to the ilioanal anastomosis. Findings were concerning for small bowel obstruction with transition point at the ilioanal anastomosis. Patient underwent pouchoscopy which revealed erythematous mucosa in the j-pouch and presence of a severe stricture measuring about one cm in length and 7mm in diameter (Figure 1). The stricture was traversed after balloon dilation under fluoroscopic guidance (Figure 2). A United States penny coin was found proximal to the stricture which was retrieved from the j-pouch using a Roth Net® retriever (Figure 3). Patient had resolution of his symptoms after the procedure. Patient might have inadvertently swallowed the coin along with his daily pills which he routinely kept in his pants pocket. Discussion Coin and other foreign body ingestions are common in pediatric population but infrequent in adults. Swallowed items that pass beyond the pylorus are simply observed as they usually pass spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract. Retained foreign bodies can increase the risk of complications by 50%, including formation of strictures, fistulas, abscesses, perforation, sepsis and death. It is estimated that up to 35% patients with IPAA experience small bowel obstruction most commonly due to extensive adhesions. It is possible that the high zinc content in the penny coin might have contributed to the inflammation and stricture formation in the j-pouch. Our case illustrates that retained foreign bodies can be safely and successfully removed endoscopically in patients with IPAA without need for open surgery.Figure: Balloon Stricture Dilation.Figure: Pre and Post Stricture Dilation.Figure: Coin in proximal J-pouch.
AMD3100 and SDF‑1 regulate cellular functions of endothelial progenitor cells and accelerate endothelial regeneration in a rat carotid artery injury model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of AMD3100 and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) on cellular functions and endothelial regeneration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The cell proliferation and adhesion capacity of EPCs were evaluated in vitro following treatment with AMD3100 and SDF‑1 using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Furthermore, the expression levels of C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) were detected before and after treatment with AMD3100 and SDF‑1 to elucidate their possible role in regulating the cellular function of EPCs. A rat carotid artery injury model was established to assess the influences of AMD3100 and SDF‑1 on endothelial regeneration. AMD3100 reduced the proliferation and adhesion capacity of EPCs to fibronectin (FN), whereas it increased the adhesion capacity of EPCs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, SDF‑1 stimulated the proliferation and cell adhesion capacity of EPCs to HUVECs and FN. Additionally, the expression levels of CXCR7 but not CXCR4 were upregulated following AMD3100 treatment, whereas the expression levels of both CXCR4 and CXCR7 were upregulated after SDF‑1 treatment. In vivo results demonstrated that AMD3100 increased the number of EPCs in the peripheral blood and facilitated endothelial repair at 7 days after treatment. However, local administration of SDF‑1 alone did not enhance reendothelialization 7 and 14 days after treatment. Importantly, the combination of AMD3100 with SDF‑1 exhibited superior therapeutic effects compared with AMD3100 treatment alone, accelerated reendothelialization 7 days after treatment, and attenuated neointimal hyperplasia at day 7 and 14 by recruiting more EPCs to the injury site. In conclusion, AMD3100 could positively regulate the adhesion capacity of EPCs to HUVECs via elevation of the expression levels of CXCR7 but not CXCR4, whereas SDF‑1 could stimulate the proliferation and adhesion capacity of EPCs to FN and HUVECs by elevating the expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCR7. AMD3100 combined with SDF‑1 outperformed AMD3100 alone, promoted early reendothelialization and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia, indicating that early reendothelialization attenuated neointimal hypoplasia following endothelial injury.
Protein Kinase Inhibitors Indicated for Lung Cancer: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse Drug Reactions, and Evaluation in Clinical Trials

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

What Is Known and Objective . Anti‐EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) drugs are indicated for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review summarises the information available to date on the first anti‐EGFRs granted market authorisation: erlotinib TARCEVA®, gefitinib IRESSA®, afatinib GIOTRIF®, dacomitinib VIZIMPRO®, and osimertinib TAGRISSO®. Methods . A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database including studies published in English using the terms gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib. Furthermore, bibliographies of selected references were also studied for relevant articles. Clinical trial (CT) data were extracted from clinicaltrials.gov (ongoing trials and adverse events (AEs)). Assessment of AEs for these drugs was conducted using global pharmacovigilance data from VigiBase®. Results and Discussion . Erlotinib and gefitinib are first‐generation anti‐EGFR drugs, able to bind competitively and reversibly to the ATP‐ (adenosine triphosphate‐) binding site of the EGFR exon 19 and exon 21 mutations. Afatinib and dacomitinib are second‐generation anti‐EGFRs able to bind covalently and irreversibly to the ATP site and inhibit EGFR and HER (human epidermal growth factor receptor) such as HER2 and HER4 enzyme activity. Osimertinib is a third‐generation PKI and overcomes the EGFR T790M gatekeeper mutation through covalent binding at the ATP site. Medical interactions with these drugs are reported, notably with cytochrome P450 inducers or inhibitors. The most reported AEs in CTs are cutaneous reactions and gastrointestinal disorders. The occurrence of cutaneous reactions is less reported with third generation than with first‐ and second‐generation anti‐EGFR drugs. These results are consistent with the results from the VigiBase® global pharmacovigilance database. What Is New and Conclusion . This review summarises current knowledge regarding five anti‐EGFRs in the literature. The third‐generation anti‐EGFR appears to be more effective than the first and second generations and is indicated as first‐line therapy. This trial is registered with NCT01523587 , NCT01466660 , NCT01774721 , NCT01360554 , and NCT02296125 .
Novel surface attachment mechanism of the Streptococcus pneumoniae protein PspA

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been found to utilize a novel mechanism for anchoring to the bacterial cell surface. In contrast to that of surface proteins from other gram-positive bacteria, PspA anchoring required choline-mediated interactions between the membrane-associated lipoteichoic acid and the C-terminal repeat region of PspA. Release of PspA from the cell surface could be effected by deletion of 5 of the 10 C-terminal repeat units, by high concentrations of choline, or by growth in choline-deficient medium. Other pneumococcal proteins, including autolysin, which has a similar C-terminal repeat region, were not released by these treatments. The attachment mechanism utilized by PspA thus appears to be uniquely adapted to exploit the unusual structure of the pneumococcal cell surface. Further, it has provided the means for rapid and simple isolation of immunogenic PspA from S. pneumoniae.
Heart valve replacement in the elderly.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From January 1973 to December 1976, 70 operations for heart valve replacement were performed on 68 patients aged 65--75 years. These comprised 40 aortic valve replacements, 27 mitral valve replacements, and three aortic and mitral valve replacements. Three patients died within 30 days of operation (early mortality 4.3%), and five died 12 weeks to three years after operation. Four patients showed no improvement. The results were excellent or good in the remaining 56 patients. Valve replacemnt can restore to a useful independent life elderly patients who would otherwise be a burden on costly social and medical domiciliary services. The indications for valve surgery in the elderly should therefore be the same as in any other age group.
The standard elements for muslim-friendly accommodation premises

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Muslim-friendly hotels are targeted to provide shariah-complaint and comfortable rooms especially for the Muslim guests. This is in line with the encouragement of good hospitality in Islam. However, even though there are nearly 3000 hotels in Malaysia, only less than 10% are considered as Muslim friendly. Therefore, this study investigates the elements that constitute a Muslim-friendly hotel. Based on the discovered elements, this study proposes a standard and comprehensive Muslim-friendly hotel audit checklist which is significant as guidance for players of the industry as well as the relevant authorities such as the government, municipals, religious authority including the certification bodies. The checklist is important to avoid misconception among consumers.
[Comparison of the clinical and immunological indices in children with diabetes mellitus and obesity].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Complex clinical and laboratory research of nonspecific immunobiological reactivity was conducted in 86 children (35 with diabetes mellitus, 25 with obesity, and 26 healthy children), aged from 3 to 14 years. Lysozyme activity and complement titre were studied during the disease. Reduced reactive possibilities of the organism were demonstrated in diabetic children; reduction of these parameters was directly proportional to the severity of the main process and the extent of decompensation. In obese patients the parameters of nonspecific reactivity tests were higher than in healthy children, and glucose tolerance was disturbed; this was apparently connected with stress of the compensatory-defense mechanisms of the organism. A distinct reduction of the parameters in this group of children under the effect of unfavourable factors pointed to exhaustion of the compensatory mechanisms. Obese patients should be referred to the group of children will increased risk, both in respect to diabetes mellitus and to other diseases. The indices under study could be applied as tests characterizing not only the immunobiological reactivity and the defense-adaptive mechanisms of the organism, but also the severity and phase of the disease.
Interleaving forward converters with single-capacitor turn-off snubber for stunning poultry applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an interleaving forward converters with single-capacitor turn-off snubber associated with a full-bridge inverter for poultry stunning applications. The proposed converters can use the single-capacitor snubber to smooth out switch turn-off transient for reducing turn-off loss. As compared with the counterparts of the conventional converter topologies, the proposed converters have the merits of less component counts, higher efficiency over a certain load range, smaller size, and they are easier to implement. In the paper, mechanism of the stunning poultry is first reviewed and then, the desired stunning voltage waveforms and the stunning parameters with auto-tuning algorithm are proposed. Performance measurements from a prototype have verified the stunning parameters with auto-tuning algorithm and feasibility of the overall system design.
Synthesis and reactions of 7-hydrazonocephalosporanates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of 7-hydrazonocephalosporanatesJ. C. Sheehan, Y. S. Lo, and D. R. PonziCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 6, 1012–1015Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00426a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00426a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased phosphorylation of vinculin on tyrosine does not occur during the release of stress fibers before mitosis in normal cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We examined the extent of phosphorylation of vinculin on tyrosine after pulse labeling synchronized cells with 32PO4 at various stages of the cell cycle. No significant increase was observed in the incorporation of radioactivity into vinculin phosphotyrosine throughout the cell cycle, suggesting that the increased rate of phosphorylation of vinculin on tyrosine may not be the major event regulating stress fiber dissolution before mitosis.
EFFECT OF VERAPAMIL ON COLONY FORMATION AND DNA SYNTHESIS OF TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effects of verapamil on L 1210 leukemia cells and human stomach adeno-carcinoma (SGC-7901) cells in vitro were studied. The results showed that verapamil inhibited the colony formation of these two cell lines. (3H)-TdR incorporation into DNA of L1210 cells indicated that DNA synthesis of L 12 o cells was also inhibited obviously by verapamil.
Optimization of the Fuzzy Investment Portfolio under Conditions of Uncertainty

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

В статье дан анализ классической модели оптимизации инвестиционного портфеля Г. Марковица, изложены ее основные недостатки. В качестве альтернативы классической модели описана постановка задачи оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг на основе нечётко-множественного подхода. В этой задаче доходности акций описываются как нечёткие числа с треугольной или Гауссовской функцией принадлежности. При этом риск портфеля рассматривается как ситуация, когда реальная доходность портфеля оказывается ниже некоторого критериального значения, задаваемого инвестором. Построена математическая модель задачи оптимизации нечеткого портфеля и описан алгоритм ее решения. Проведены экспериментальные исследования нечёткой модели на примере составления портфеля из акций компаний на Российской бирже РТС (Российская Торговая Система). Проведены сравнительные экспериментальные исследования классической модели Марковица и нечётко-множественной модели. Построены зависимости «оптимальная доходность - риск» для обоих типов моделей и показано, что в отличие от классической модели данная зависимость для нечёткой модели является монотонно убывающей. Дано обоснование этого явления. Рассмотрена двойственная задача нечеткой портфельной оптимизации, в которой необходимо минимизировать риск при ограничении на ожидаемую доходность портфеля. Сформулирована многокритериальная задача нечёткой портфельной оптимизации по двум критериям: доходности портфеля и риску, проведены её экспериментальные исследования. В данной задаче основным источником неопределённости являются цены акций, значения которых известны в текущий момент конструирования портфеля и неизвестны в будущий момент реализации этого портфеля. С целью уменьшения неопределённости и снижения риска предложено использовать прогнозирование доходности акций. Для прогнозирования предлагается использовать специальный метод индуктивного моделирования - нечёткий МГУА, позволяющий учесть неопределённость исходных данных и автоматически построить искомую модель прогноза по экспериментальным данным. Эксперименты подтвердили эффективность применения нечёткого МГУА для прогнозирования цен акций в задаче оптимизации инвестиционного портфеля в условиях неопределённости.
Analysis of a non-Markovian single server batch arrival queueing system of compulsory three stages of services with fourth optional stage service, service interruptions and deterministic server vacations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with the steady state analysis of a single server batch arrival queueing system with three stages of compulsory service. An additional supposition of a fourth stage optional service is well thought-out. The server may take a vacation after completion of service. In this model, the vacation is of predetermined duration. A busy server may break down at any moment. It is tracked by a repair process. Service time, vacation time and repair time follow general distribution. The steady state probability generating function for the system and also system recital measures is obtained by using a supplementary variable technique. Some special cases of the model are also discussed. The model is justified by means of numerical illustrations followed by graphical representation.
Identifying Malnutrition in an Elderly Ambulatory Rehabilitation Population: Agreement between Mini Nutritional Assessment and Validated Screening Tools

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Malnutrition is common in older adults and often goes unrecognised and untreated. Australian evidence-based guidelines for the management of malnutrition indicate that only the Mini Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA-sf) and Rapid Screen are recommended for use as malnutrition screening tools in the rehabilitation setting. The aim of this secondary analysis was to assess the validity and reliability of two malnutrition screening tools, validated in other adult sub-groups, in a rehabilitation population aged ≥60 years. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) and the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), were completed by 185 ambulatory rehabilitation patients (48% male; median age 78 years) and results compared to the full MNA as a reference technique. Prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 63% according to the MNA. For identification of risk of malnutrition the CNAQ had sensitivity of 54%, specificity 81%, positive predictive value 83% and negative predictive value 51%, compared to 28%, 94%, 89% and 44%, respectively, using SNAQ. Assessment of reliability indicated significant slight to fair agreement between MNA with CNAQ (κ = 0.309, p < 0.001) and SNAQ (κ = 0.176, p < 0.001). Neither the CNAQ nor the SNAQ have a high level of validity or reliability in this elderly population and are therefore not recommended for use in the ambulatory rehabilitation setting. Further work is necessary to assess the validity and reliability of other malnutrition screening tools to establish their usefulness in this population.
Decision to bid or not to bid: a data envelopment analysis approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most crucial decisions that is regularly exercised by construction contractors is to determine whether to bid or not to bid on a certain project. The purpose of this paper is to propose a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach for the bid–no-bid decision. DEA is a robust non-parametric linear programming approach that is used for benchmarking performance and for making selection decisions. Based on a contractor's database of previous considerations of bidding opportunities, DEA creates a “favorable frontier” that consists of favorable bidding opportunities. New bidding opportunities are evaluated in reference to this “favorable frontier” and the bid–no-bid decision is consequently made. The proposed approach incorporates subjective management expertise and deals systematically with bidding situations to guide contractors in their bid–no-bid determination. A major strength of the proposed DEA approach is that it is deployable by organizations facing the bid–no-bid problem regardless of size, country of operation, number and type of factors considered in bidding, or even industry.
Alexander Tsesis . We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law . New Haven : Yale University Press . 2008 . Pp. x, 369. $35.00.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an introduction and thirteen chapters, Alexander Tsesis retraces mostly well-traveled paths and positions on the rhetorical bases of liberal democracy in the United States. Opening his extended essay of broad propositions and thumbnail historical sketches with the American Revolution's beginning in the 1760s, Tsesis locates what he casts as the ideological origins of American law's abiding commitment to civil rights. Using history as an investigative tool, he cobbles together his theoretical argument that, from its outset in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787, the United States has guaranteed substantive protections to civil rights. He does not, however, distinguish between civil rights and civil liberties. Nor does he always distinguish among or between civil rights, human rights, individual rights, personal rights, or natural rights. He uses terms such as equality, liberty, and rights as if their meanings and usage have always been fixed, consistent, and unvarying. He makes terms often seem synonymous, and in many places loose and slippery terminology sinks his discussion.