jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Image Segmentation and Recognition Algorithm for Interventional Treatment of Vascular Diseases Based on CNN (Preprint)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Early diagnosis and interventional treatment of vascular diseases depend on high-precision medical image analysis. However, existing image analysis methods suffer from issues such as blurred segmentation edges, overlaps, and difficulties in extracting complex lesion features, limiting their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

To develop and improve a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based segmentation and recognition algorithm for vascular interventional treatment images, addressing the challenges of image segmentation accuracy and lesion feature extraction. Methods:

METHODS

This study proposes an improved deep CNN by integrating an adaptive convolution layer—combining convolution layers with an adaptive mechanism—to handle vascular images of varying sizes. Additionally, a multi-task learning framework is introduced to jointly optimize vascular image segmentation and lesion recognition, thereby enhancing model efficiency and accuracy.

RESULTS

The improved CNN model achieved a Dice coefficient of 92.5% and an intersection-over-union ratio of 89.2% for image segmentation, outperforming traditional CNN and other models. For lesion recognition, the model demonstrated higher accuracy (0.95) and recall (0.96). The model's inference time was also the shortest at 0.035 seconds per image, enabling processing of 28 frames per second.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed method significantly enhances early diagnostic capability for vascular lesions and offers strong support for real-time auxiliary tools in vascular interventional treatment, indicating promising clinical applications and practical value.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Somato-sensory evoked potentials in facial pain diagnosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study analyses the possibilities of somato-sensory evoked potentials following trigeminal stimulation in order to classify pain sensations provoked by the trigeminal nerve. 43 patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain and from pain due to carcinoma were investigated. Pain sensations correlated with the responses of the evoked potentials--usually with increased latencies. However, it was not possible to point out specific correlative pathological peaks for individual diseases. Therefore, the judgement of TSEP alterations requires knowledge of each patient's clinical symptoms.
Intra‐ and Inter‐Rater Reliability of Linear and Nonlinear Measures of Short‐Term Heart Rate Variability Following Combat‐Related Traumatic Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of autonomic function. However, the reliability of short‐term HRV measurement in individuals with combat‐related traumatic injury (CRTI) remains undetermined. Methods An intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability study was conducted using a subsample ( n = 35) of British servicemen with CRTI enrolled in the ongoing ADVANCE study. A five‐minute epoch of single‐lead electrocardiogram data collected during spontaneous breathing was used to measure HRV. HRV analyses were independently performed by two examiners using Kubios. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC), and coefficient of variance were calculated for linear [root mean square of successive difference (RMSSD), standard deviation of NN interval, low‐frequency, high‐frequency, total power] and nonlinear (SD1‐2, acceleration and deceleration capacities, sample entropy) measures. Bland–Altman %plots were used to assess bias in intra‐ and inter‐rater HRV data. Results The mean age of participants was 39.3 ± 6.3 years. An excellent ICC score of 0.9998 (95% CI 0.9997, 0.9999) was observed for intra‐rater analyses of RMSSD, and similar excellent ICC scores were seen for all other HRV measures. The inter‐rater reliability analyses produced an excellent ICC score (range 0.97–1.00). Comparatively, frequency‐domain measures produced higher MDC% and SEM% scores than time‐domain and nonlinear measures in both inter‐ and intra‐rater analyses. The Bland–Altman plots revealed relatively higher bias for frequency‐domain and nonlinear measures than time‐domain measures. Conclusion ECG‐related short‐term HRV measures were reliable in injured servicemen under spontaneous breathing. However, the reliability appeared better with the time‐domain measure than frequency‐domain and nonlinear measures in this sample.
Do Ethical Principles Explain Moral Norm? A Test for Consent to Organ Donation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Moral norm is a strong predictor of intention with respect to certain behaviors. In the context of a study of organ donor consent, the goal was to enrich the ethics construct with the help of the following three dimensions: autonomy, beneficence, and justice. The results indicated that theinterrelations among the ethics variables were significant. However, the results also indicated that moral norm was influenced only by beneficence. Conducting other studies in different cultural contexts and verifying other behaviors would shed light on whether beneficence still influences moral norm.
FRACTAL DIMENSION BASED SUPERVISED LEARNING FOR WOOD AND LEAF CLASSIFICATION FROM TERRESTRIAL LIDAR POINT CLOUDS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Terrestrial Laser scanner has been widely used in the field of forestry. Wood-leaf separation is the fundamental step to most applications of forestry. This paper presented a robust supervised learning method for wood and leaf classification by developing four new feature vectors. Fractal dimension is first calculated to indicate the difference of regularity or roughness between wood and leaf. Zenith angle and variation are presented to distinguish trunks or branches from leaves. The adaptive axis direction of cylinder is adopted to calculate the local point density precisely. Experimental results show that the supervised learning method using the four feature vectors presented in this paper can achieve a good classification performance. Both accuracy and F1 score are higher than the ones of the method using eigen value based feature vectors.
Abstract 419: Cytokine-Mediated Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Stromal-Derived Factor 1 Induces Neovascularization and Prevents Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Ischemia Reperfusion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytokine therapy has been suggested to improve left ventricle (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). The mechanisms for this benefit remain debatable. We investigated the impact of a prolonged combined therapy with Darbepoetin alfa (DARB) and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on LV function and vascular density after MI, correlating it with circulating progenitor cells (CPC), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Stromal-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) release. Methods and Results : MI was induced in swine by a 90 minutes balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Animals were divided between treatment group with DARB-GCSF combination therapy (bolus of DARB 0.9 and GCSF 10ug/kg IV at time of reperfusion, followed by 5 doses of GCSF 5ug/kg SC from day 5 to 9, and four doses of 0.45ug/kg DARB SC once per week starting at day 1, n = 8) or control group (saline injections, n = 8). White blood cells (WBC), CPC, defined by CD45, CD31, CD90 and SLA-1 expression, and circulating levels of VEGF and SDF-1 were assessed at baseline (T0), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3) weeks post-MI. LV function was assessed by echocardiography at T0, T1 and T6 (6 weeks post-MI), and vascular density by histology at T6. MI size was the same in both groups by post-MI CPK peak and LV ejection fraction (EF) at T1 (41+/−1 vs. 40+/−2%). In the treatment group only, from T0 to T1, there was an increase in WBC (16 ± 2 to 42 ± 2 x 10 6 /ml, p <0.01) and CPC (5 ± 1 to 9 ± 1 x 10 5 /ml, p = 0.01) and SDF-1 levels peaked from T0 to T2 (1345+/−60 to 1554 +/− 60 pg/ml; p<0.01) and stabilized at T3. All these values remained unchanged in the control group. VEGF levels (pg/ml) peaked at T2 in both groups (14+/−1 vs. 12+/−1), but remained increased at T3 in DARB-GCSF group only (13+/−1 vs. 9+/−1; p<0.01). LVEF (41+/−1 vs. 33+/−1, p<0.01) and arteriole density at the infarct zone (44+/−14 vs. 27+/−12/mm 2 , p = 0.02) and remote zone (18 +/−8 vs.11+/−5, p = 0.055) were higher compared to the control at T6. Conclusion : Our data suggest that prolonged therapy with DARB-GCSF combination after MI modulates angiogenesis and promotes stabilization of LV function by increasing CPC, and releasing SDF-1 and VEGF. This therapy provides a novel strategy to prevent post-MI LV remodeling and potentially improve outcome.
Penerapan Intervensi Modifikasi Perilaku untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Kepatuhan dan Penyelesaian Tugas pada Anak Usia Sekolah dengan Masalah Impulsif dan Atensi

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Children with impulsivity and attention problem are usually difficult to complete a task in a given time. Moreover in the school setting, of course there is a time limit to be able to complete the tasks that have been given. Whereas, stage of development in the middle childhood children look themselves based on their ability to complete the tasks. It is feared if they fail in that case, then which will develop is an inferior feeling. Therefore, behavior to complete the tasks is important to be mastered by children especially in the middle stage of childhood. In addition, children who have hyperactive and impulsive tendencies usually will have difficulty to follow the rules and commands. One of way to shape the expected behavior is to apply behavioral modification interventions with positive reinforcement techniques. This research is a multiple baseline research using single case AB design method. The study participant was a boy aged 6 years and 3 months. The purpose of this study is to improve compliance behavior and task completion. The research was conducted to 9 sessions, each session consisting of 3 experiments. Positive reinforcement has been given each time the participant reaches the target behavior at each session. The results showed that positive reinforcement techniques could increase the frequency of compliance behavior (from 33.3% to 100%), completion of tasks (from 47.5% to 99.5%) and the effect of applying the intervention persists after the session is over.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study of Potential Phytochemicals for the Development of Drugs Against Neurological Diseases

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Neurological diseases have recently evolved into a global concern and are commonly observed in elderly populations. Common examples of these diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The remarkable application of the computational approach in biological sciences has expedited the drug development process from natural compounds that uncover opportunities to develop new medications. In the computer-aided drug design (CADD) process, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method is crucial in molecule screening and lead optimization. This chapter discusses the potential phytochemicals used to treat these diseases. The process of CADD, along with QSAR methods and the importance of blood-brain barriers (BBB), has been elaborated. The targets of AD and the QSAR analysis of the phytochemicals have been discussed by taking AD as a case study with the challenges of treating these diseases.
Distribution Patterns of Bats in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Through a Climate Change Perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The impact of climate change on different species has been analyzed many times in various geographical areas. However, some areas still have a large knowledge gap while harbouring significant levels of biodiversity. The main aim of this study was to determine how climate change will affect 16 different bat species in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Using presence only modelling techniques and relevant bioclimatic data forecasts according to two different climate change scenarios (A2A and B2A) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the potential geographic distribution of bat species in the eastern Mediterranean region for the current period and the years 2020, 2050 and 2080 were modelled. The results suggest that climate change can affect bats negatively throughout the 21st century in the studied area on two fronts: i) species richness will deteriorate, and ii) the total area occupied by bats will decline. These impacts are likely to be more severely observed in Turkey's coastal areas, northwest Turkey, Red Sea coasts, Israel, and the west of Syria and Jordan. Using only bioclimatic variables as factors, and thus not using any land cover (or habitat) data, was the main limitation of the study. Hence the models and results of the study present ‘best case’ scenarios.
Harmoni Agama di Desa Tewang Darayu: Menguatkan Moderasi Beragama untuk Membangun Persatuan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community Service Activities were carried out in Tewang Darayu Village, Pulau Malan District, Katingan Regency. This activity aims to be a form of strengthening religious moderation for the community in Tewang Darayu village. This strengthening can increase the awareness of the Tewang Darayu village community in building harmonious relations between religions. Apart from that, it can strengthen the spiritual aspect of religion among the community as a whole as part of efforts to maintain religious moderation which is born from the diverse realities of life in Tewang Darayu village. This activity uses the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method by emphasizing the strengths possessed by the Tewang Derayu village community. The impact obtained from this activity is that the Tewang Derayu village community experienced increased knowledge and were able to implement Religious Moderation indicators in socio-cultural dynamics based on a humanist attitude to life. Apart from that, Tewang Derayu village can also be a model model for surrounding villages in implementing the values of Religious Moderation. Keywords: religious moderation; strengthening; religious relationsAbstrakKegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dilaksanakan di Desa Tewang Darayu, Kecamatan Pulau Malan, Kabupaten Katingan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk sebagai bentuk penguatan moderasi beragama bagi masyarakat di desa Tewang Darayu. Adapun penguatan ini dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat desa Tewang Darayu dalam membangun harmoni hubungan antar agama. Selain itu, dapat memperkuat dimensi aspek spiritual dalam beragama di antara masyarakat secara keseluruhan sebagai bagian dari upaya untuk menjaga moderasi beragama yang lahir dari realitas kehidupan yang beragam di desa Tewang Darayu. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) dengan menekankan pada kekuatan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat desa Tewang Derayu. Dampak yang diperoleh dalam kegiatan ini yaitu masyarakat desa Tewang Derayu mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan serta mampu mengimplementasikan indikator-indikator Moderasi Beragama dalam dinamika sosial budaya yang didasarkan pada sikap hidup humanis. Selain itu, desa Tewang Derayu juga dapat menjadi model percontohan bagi desa-desa sekitar dalam implementasi nilai-nilai dari Moderasi Beragama.Kata Kunci: moderasi beragama; penguatan; relasi agama
Using Small Molecules To Dissect Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Understanding the ways in which pathogens invade and neutralize their hosts is of great interest from both an academic and a clinical perspective. However, in many cases genetic tools are unavailable or insufficient to fully characterize the detailed mechanisms of pathogenesis. Small molecule approaches are particularly powerful due to their ability to modulate specific biological functions in a highly controlled manner and their potential to broadly target conserved processes across species. Recently, two approaches that make use of small molecules, activity-based protein profiling and high-throughput phenotypic screening, have begun to find applications in the study of pathways involved in pathogenesis. In this Review we highlight ways in which these techniques have been applied to examine bacterial and parasitic pathogenesis and discuss possible ways in which these efforts can be expanded in the near future.
A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disorder characterised by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall and various gastrointestinal manifestations. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and exclusion of various disorders that are associated with peripheral eosinophilia. We report on a woman who had a short history of abdominal pain and ascites, and who responded dramatically to a course of low-dose steroid.
SH1892314.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Advances in Wire Bonding Technology to Overcome Resonance Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Increasing number of semiconductor packages are using low modulus die attach adhesives. Low modulus adhesives can efficiently absorb and dissipate the mechanical and thermal stresses (e.g. due to CTE mismatch) than conventional adhesives resulting in better thermal performance and package reliability. However, wire bonding on a die attached with low modulus adhesive can be very challenging. Die attached with low modulus adhesive is more prone to die movement and vibration, which may lead to resonance condition. Resonance during bonding can cause low ball shear, low IMC, skidded and smashed bonds. This paper examines the challenges of wire bonding on devices attached using low modulus epoxy. A FEA model is developed to understand the effect of key factors such as die attach adhesive modulus, bond line thickness, die size and die thickness on different resonant modes that can occur during wire bonding. It is found that for a given die size, the die thickness, die attach modulus, and bond line thickness can significantly affect resonant modes. When a low modulus epoxy is used, a smaller and thinner die is prone to oscillation and resonance, and is more difficult to wire bond than a larger die. The results show that die and die attach system behaves similar to a mass-spring system, where the die is the mass and the die attach acts like the spring. The resonant frequency of such a system does not depend on an external applied force, but only on the mass and the spring constant (stiffness). Study results of wire bonding process on a device using low modulus adhesive are presented. The process parameters that are found to be most significant are ultrasonic (energy, frequency and control mode), bond force, and bond time. It is found that controlling the bond force and ultrasonic energy is key in optimizing the wire bonding process on these devices. If the force and ultrasonic are not controlled properly, a significant portion of the ultrasonic energy is lost in exciting the die and developing the resonance situation instead of bond formation. Since different devices can vibrate and resonate under different conditions, optimizing the bonding process can be tedious and time consuming. To simplify the process development, a response based process is developed with closed loop force and ultrasonic control. This new process feature helps control resonance issues such as smashed bonds while still achieving a robust process with good ball shear and IMC performance. Experimental results of the wire bonding process using the new process approach are presented.
Simulation of transportation in a resort park

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Singapore Technologies Engineering (STE) which is known for providing engineering solutions is currently developing autonomous vehicles that would improve the efficiency of the current transport system in Singapore. STE is planning to deploy a fleet of autonomous vehicles that will be used for transporting passengers in Sentosa, Singapore. In this project, various simulations were performed to analyse the number of passengers waiting at each bus stops in order to determine the feasibility of deploying autonomous shuttle vans along a new shuttle transport route. The simulations were performed using PTV Vissim (a traffic flow simulation software program) and MATLAB was used to control the properties of individual entity (car, road, train or pedestrian). The combinations of these two software program creates a platform that allows graphic simulation of the shuttle buses, vans and pedestrians travelling along the bus routes network of Sentosa. The traffic situation such as peak hour and non-peak hour were considered throughout the analysis. The observations obtained were that adding in shuttle vans improves the overcrowding situation at several popular bus stops in Sentosa.