jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hereditary coproporphyria with acute intermittent manifestations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytomegalovirus-Klemnola and Kaariaiinen *ME JRsH established during the disease in four previously healthy adults and one child with a mononucleosis-like disease without a positive heterophil agglutination test.No antibodies were demonstrable in the first sample from three patients.The disease was characterized by protracted fever and absence of tonsillitis.Enlargement of the lymph nodes was seen in only one patient.The tests for liver function gave abnormal results in all the cases.Leucocytosis, relative and absolute lymphocytosis, and the appearance of abundant atypical lymphocytes were features of the haernatological pattern.No significant rise of the C.F. antibody titre to the cyto- megalovirus was demonstrable in a single case among 19 patients suffering from infectious mononucleosis with a positive heterophil agglutination test or among 130 patients with various acute infectious diseases.A high titre, however, was found in two patients with infectious mononucleosis, there being a significant decrease of the titre later, after the disease was over, and in two patients of the control material, both of whom had a chronic debilitating disease in addition to their acute infection.
Failure of antiseptic bonding to prevent central venous catheter-related infection and sepsis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infection associated with the use of triple lumen catheters in hospitals is a frequent and serious complication. The prevailing hypothesis for the origin of catheter-related infection (CRI) is bacterial colonization and subsequent infection of the skin insertion site and catheter interface. The recently released ARROWgard catheter contains a bonded synergistic combination of silver sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine, which is thought to render the catheter resistant to bacterial colonization and subsequent sepsis. The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of CRI and catheter-related sepsis (CRS) between a standard triple lumen catheter and ARROWgard antiseptic coated catheter in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A randomized, prospective clinical trial was conducted at a community referral center from January 1993 through April 1994. One-hundred-ninety-one patients with need for TPN were randomized to receive either the ARROWgard or a standard triple lumen catheter placed under a strict sterile protocol. CRI was defined as >/= 15 colony forming units by semiquantitative culture technique of the catheter tip or intracutaneous segment. CRS was defined as growth of the same organism on the catheter and at least one peripheral blood culture. All catheters were cultured. Ninety-two patients received the ARROWgard catheter, and 99 patients received the standard catheter. There were no differences between the average age, sex, length of hospital stay, days on TPN, number of catheters/patient, indications for TPN, primary diagnoses, or duration of the central line between the two groups. The overall rate of CRI was 11.5 per cent, and CRS was 8.4 per cent in this study. The rate of CRI for the ARROWgard was 10.9 per cent, compared with 12.9 per cent for the standard catheter (P = NS). The rate of CRS for the ARROWgard was 8.7 per cent, compared with 8.1 per cent for the standard catheter (P = NS). The coating of central venous catheters with silver sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine does not reduce the rate CRI or CRS when compared with standard central venous catheters in patients receiving TPN.
红曲霉葡萄糖淀粉酶的构象研究

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

本文用紫外差光谱和圆二色性光谱法对红曲霉葡萄糖淀粉酶的两个主要分子型E3和E4的构象作了初步探讨. 发现竞争性抑制剂麦芽糖醇引起的酶的紫外差光谱主要是由色氨酸残基贡献的,E3和E4分子中的色氨酸残基对溶剂有不同程度的暴露,E3分子中有31％暴露于乙二醇,21％暴露于聚乙二醇;E4分子中有47％暴露于乙二醇,19％暴露于聚乙二醇. 由远紫外CD光谱计算出E3和E4分子中的α-螺旋含量分别为22.8和15.3％,E3子比E4分子有较为紧密的构象.
Variability of nitrogen uptake and assimilation among N-efficient and N-inefficient wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ten genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown for 20 days in complete nutrient solution with 1 mM (nitrogen-insufficient), 4 mM (nitrogen-moderate) and 10 mM (nitrogen-sufficient) nitrogen (N) levels, and nitrogen efficiency (NE) was analyzed. Of these 10 genotypes, VL829 was identified as the most N-efficient, while HUW234 the most N-inefficient. To find out the physiological basis of this difference, we investigated the possible role of influx across the root cell plasma membrane in conferring NE by measuring the short-term uptake in selected 10 genotypes. Uptake experiments revealed the presence of two separate nitrate transporter systems mediating high- and low-affinity nitrate uptake. Interestingly, the nitrate uptake by the roots of VL829 is mediated by both high- and low-affinity nitrate transporter systems, while that of HUW234 by only low affinity nitrate transporter system. The study suggests that root uptake rate may play an important role in conferring N- efficiency of wheat genotypes under N-limiting condition. Also the activities and expression levels of nitrate assimilatory enzymes in N-efficient and N-inefficient wheat genotypes showed that nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) play important roles in N assimilation under low-nitrogen conditions.
Francesco Redi and experimental chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Francesco Redi and experimental chemotherapy Get access Ivo de Carneri Ivo de Carneri Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 61, Issue 2, 1967, Pages 275–276, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(67)90171-X Published: 01 January 1967
Chapter 13 Mutualisms and community organization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A major aim in ecology is to understand the determinants of plant community structure. Here we focus on mutualisms and how these positive interactions between distinct species influence plant community structure and the organization of plant communities. Although mutualisms have been described as mathematically unstable, key evolutionary events such as the origin of the eukaryotic cell, invasion of land by plants and radiation of the angiosperms have been linked to mutualism. Mutualisms can enhance diversity and influence community organization via numerous routes, including habitat modifications, the acquisition of food sources, dispersal and protection. Disruptions of mutualistic interactions can cause declines in population sizes of organisms involved in such interactions and even lead to shifts in community composition. Mutualisms provide partner species with novel options for adjusting to stress and may play a critical role in regulating organization, structure and function of communities through activities that regulate the acquisition of resources and ameliorate stresses. Mutualisms may mediate the outcome of interspecific interactions such as competition and facilitate the coexistence of competing species. In this chapter we focus on the role that mutualisms play in plant community organization.
Patient engagement in decision making.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<div><p>Background</p><p>Despite the importance of patient engagement in health care decision-making in the care of patients with chronic diseases, there is limited information about it and the factors affecting it in Ethiopia and in the Public Hospitals of West Shoa in particular. Thus, this study was designed to assess the engagement of patients with selected chronic non-communicable diseases in health care decision-making and associated factors in public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used an institution -based cross-sectional study design. We used systematic sampling for the selection of study participants from June 7–July 26, 2020. Standardized, pretested, and structured Patient Activation Measure was used to measure patient engagement in healthcare decision-making. We did descriptive analysis to determine the magnitude of patient engagement in health care decision-making. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with patients’ engagement in the health care decision-making process. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to measure the strength of association. We declared statistical significance at p<0.05. we presented the results in tables and graphs.</p><p>Results</p><p>406 patients with chronic diseases took part in the study, yielding a response rate of 96.2%. Less than a fifth [19.5% (95% CI: 15.5, 23.6)] of participants in the study area had a high engagement in their health care decision-making. Educational level (college or above) [AOR = 5.2, 95% CI (1.76–15.46)], duration of diagnosis >5 years [AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.03–3.2)], health literacy [AOR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.06–1.24)], autonomy preference in decision making [AOR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.03–1.96)] were factors significantly associated with participants’ engagement in health care decision making among patients with chronic diseases.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>A high number of respondents had a low engagement in their health care decision-making. Preference for autonomy in decision making, educational level, health literacy, duration of diagnosis with the disease were factors associated with patient engagement in health care decision making among patients with chronic diseases in the study area. Thus, patients should be empowered to be involved in decision making to increase their engagement in the care.</p></div>
Who wants to be a millionaire? A game-based approach to enhancing engagement and teamwork in immunology education

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Undergraduate Pharmacy students at Newcastle University reported difficulties with immunology topics, prompting the development of supportive seminar sessions. To determine the optimal teaching strategy, an experimental design was implemented over four academic years (2018–2022). In 2018–2020, half of the cohort participated in immunology seminars structured around open-ended group discussions, while the other half engaged in a competitive, team-based adaptation of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? . The hypothesis was that the interactive, competitive nature of the game would enhance knowledge retention, student engagement and stimulation to teamwork. Students completed a pre-test (12 MCQs) before the main seminar activity and a post-test (six repeated and six new MCQs) to assess knowledge gain. A feedback form measured student perceptions of engagement and teamwork. In 2020–2022, due to the transition to online teaching, a mixed approach was adopted: all students participated in open-ended group discussions, but the MCQ pre-test and post-test assessments were gamified with a leaderboard. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in pre- to post-test scores across all formats, indicating that both game-based and traditional seminar approaches effectively supported knowledge retention. However, student feedback highlighted greater engagement and a stronger appreciation for teamwork in the game-based format. These findings suggest that game-based learning can enhance student motivation while maintaining learning outcomes achievements, supporting its integration into STEM curricula to promote active participation and teamwork skills.
The influence of storage age on iron status, oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in paediatric packed cell units.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

These data suggest that iron released following the initial preparation of packed red blood cell units may derive from free radical-mediated oxidative damage to the red blood cells and haemoglobin, rather than from extracellular haemoglobin. Iron continues to be released during storage as antioxidant protection declines. A cycle of free radical-mediated damage may initiate and then further exacerbate iron release during storage which, in turn, may mediate further free radical-mediated cellular damage. The potential consequences to recipients of older stored blood may be significant.
New-onset refractory status epilepticus after first dose of tozinameran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As the worldwide vaccination effort against COVID-19 gains traction, complications attributed to the vaccines are increasingly reported in medical literature. Herein, we describe the first two cases of new-onset refractory status epilepticus after receiving their first doses of tozinameran. These were attributed to underlying autoimmune responses against the vaccine given the temporal proximity to them receiving tozinameran, the absence of alternative diagnoses, the refractoriness of their seizures, and their clinical improvement only after administration of immunotherapies. Importantly, their cases supplement existing reports on the rare neurologic complications of the COVID-19 vaccines and encourage continued vigilance amongst the physicians amidst the pandemic.
Molecular Mechanism of Tinnitus from the Standpoint of Autophagy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objectives: Recent studies described that the expression of BDNF was decreasing in patients with depression and severe tinnitus. However, the relationship between the incidence of tinnitus and the role of BDNF still remain unclear in auditory cells. The aim of this study is to consider the molecular mechanism of tinnitus from the standpoint of the autophagy‐based regulation of cell death and BDNF signaling pathway in auditory cells. Methods: We used auditory cell line HEI‐OC1 in this study. Tunicamycin was used as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The viability of HEI‐OC1 was determined by cell viability assays. Immunofluorescent confocal laser microscopy was used. Western blot was performed. Results: It was confirmed that autophagy was consistently induced in HEI‐OC1 after treatment of tunicamycin. The cell viability after treatment of tunicamycin was decreased in dose‐ and time‐dependent matter. The expression of BDNF which has the potential to become a biomarker of tinnitus and calcium‐dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2), which promotes BDNF section, were decreased in tunicamycin treated HEI‐OC1 cells. The expression of Bcl‐2 which controls apoptosis and Beclin1 that regulates autophagy were decreased in tunicamycin treated HEI‐OC1 cells. Conclusions: We consider that Bcl‐2 and Beclin 1 serve as adapter proteins between BDNF signaling pathway and autophagy in auditory cells under ER stress. Our results led to the suggestion that the autophagy‐mediated regulation of cell death and BDNF signaling pathway play a major part of the incidence of tinnitus.
Data from MRI and <sup>18</sup>FET-PET Predict Survival Benefit from Bevacizumab Plus Radiotherapy in Patients with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Wild-type Glioblastoma: Results from the Randomized ARTE Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>To explore a prognostic or predictive role of MRI and O-(2–<sup>18</sup>F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (<sup>18</sup>FET) PET parameters for outcome in the randomized multicenter trial ARTE that compared bevacizumab plus radiotherapy with radiotherpay alone in elderly patients with glioblastoma.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>Patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma ages 65 years or older were included in this <i>post hoc</i> analysis. Tumor volumetric and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analyses of serial MRI scans from 67 patients and serial <sup>18</sup>FET-PET tumor-to-brain intensity ratios (TBRs) from 31 patients were analyzed blinded for treatment arm and outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was done to account for established prognostic factors and treatment arm.</p>Results:<p>Overall survival benefit from bevacizumab plus radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone was observed for larger pretreatment MRI contrast-enhancing tumor [HR per cm<sup>3</sup> 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–0.99] and for higher ADC (HR 0.18; CI, 0.05–0.66). Higher <sup>18</sup>FET-TBR on pretreatment PET scans was associated with inferior overall survival in both arms. Response assessed by standard MRI-based Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria was associated with overall survival in the bevacizumab plus radiotherapy arm by trend only (<i>P</i> = 0.09). High <sup>18</sup>FET-TBR of noncontrast-enhancing tumor portions during bevacizumab therapy was associated with inferior overall survival on multivariate analysis (HR 5.97; CI, 1.16–30.8).</p>Conclusions:<p>Large pretreatment contrast-enhancing tumor mass and higher ADCs identify patients who may experience a survival benefit from bevacizumab plus radiotherapy. Persistent <sup>18</sup>FET-PET signal of no longer contrast-enhancing tumor after concomitant bevacizumab plus radiotherapy suggests pseudoresponse and predicts poor outcome.</p></div>
Bearing capacity of screw pile group determined by inclined pull-out test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Through 4 times of inclined pull-out field tests and 2 times of vertical pull-out field tests on a pile group with 3 piles composing an equilateral triangle in plane,and 5 times of vertical pull-out field tests on a screw pile,some curves of load and settlement were drawn.On the basis of the characteristics of ground deformation and the above curves,the horizontal and vertical ultimate loads were respectively estimated by the H-(Δx/ΔH) curve and the composed method of the ratio of displacement to unite load,the incremental displacement of pile head,the characteristics of ground deformation,and the group efficiency were analyzed for the screw pile group under inclined and vertical loads.It is shown that,the group efficiency of pile group is related to the working angle of load,the pull failure of the pile group is quickened by the horizontal component of force,and the ultimate load and displacement of pile group under inclined pull-out load are less than those under vertical pull-out load.
Crohn’s disease in women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ivana Plavšic,1 Tea Štimac,2 Goran Hauser31Health Center, County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Rijeka, Croatia; 2Department of Gynecology, 3Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaAbstract: This article provides an overview of the obstetric and gynecological manifestations of Crohn’s disease (CD). High incidence of the new onset of the disease in young women in their reproductive years demands special concern from physicians involved in their treatment. Pregnant women with CD are considered high-risk patients, regardless of disease activity index, due to associated complications. Predominately described complications are premature birth, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies. To minimize the risk for adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes, it is recommended that remission be achieved before conception. Treatment of CD in pregnant women is similar to that among the nonpregnant population, and there is no valid reason to terminate it, since most of the drugs are proven to be safe. Women with CD who wish to conceive or are already pregnant need to be properly advised according to the newest guidelines on the subject, given by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization. Gynecological manifestations are another special feature of CD. They are important in that they may facilitate early recognition of the underlying disease, which usually stays unrecognized for years before intestinal manifestation; in this way, the underlying manifestations are often mistreated.Keywords: adverse pregnancy outcome, Crohn’s disease, gynecological complications, immunosuppressive therapy
Blood Supply of the Rat Biceps Femoris Musculocutaneous Flap

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A variety of muscular or musculocutaneous flaps have been developed for clinical and basic science experiments in rats. The rat biceps femoris musculocutaneous flap was first described by Akyürek et al, has many advantages, and adds to the armamentarium of the plastic surgeons involved in flap research.[1] [2] Akyürek et al stated that the flap vascular pedicle nourishes the biceps femoris muscle via two terminal branches: one that goes directly to the muscle and another that goes to a fat pad. However, muscle necrosis is generally confined to the distal part of the flap.[1] We performed latex perfusions of 10 Wistar rats, and we identified a blood supply to the biceps femoris, which is different from previous descriptions. The study protocol was approved by the Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Using evolutionary computation to optimize task performance of unclocked, recurrent Boolean circuits in FPGAs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been shown that unclocked, recurrent networks of Boolean gates in FPGAs can be used for low-SWaP reservoir computing. In such systems, topology and node functionality of the network are randomly initialized. To create a network that solves a task, weights are applied to output nodes and learning is achieved by adjusting those weights with conventional machine learning methods. However, performance is often limited compared to networks where all parameters are learned. Herein, we explore an alternative learning approach for unclocked, recurrent networks in FPGAs. We use evolutionary computation to evolve the Boolean functions of network nodes. In one type of implementation the output nodes are used directly to perform a task and all learning is via evolution of the network's node functions. In a second type of implementation a back-end classifier is used as in traditional reservoir computing. In that case, both evolution of node functions and adjustment of output node weights contribute to learning. We demonstrate the practicality of node function evolution, obtaining an accuracy improvement of ~30% on an image classification task while processing at a rate of over three million samples per second. We additionally demonstrate evolvability of network memory and dynamic output signals.