jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis and gene therapy of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (XSCID), characterised by the failure of cellular and humoral immunity, is caused by differential and survival defects within the T and natural killer cell lineages of the haematopoietic system. The γc chain protein encoded by IL2RG, the gene mutated in this monogenic disorder, is an integral component of a number of cytokine receptors including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7. IL-9 and IL-15. This study documents a diverse range of interesting disease-causing IL2RG mutations and their effects on protein expression and stability. The importance of γc chain functionality in various haematopoietic lineages was addressed. On analysis of XSCID patients treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT), significantly higher levels of γc chain expression and greater kinetics of engraftment were observed in the T cell lineage compared to B-lymphocytes. This reflects the strong selective growth advantage of γc chain expressing over non-expressing T cells whereas B cell precursors experience no such competitive effect. Normal levels of γc chain expression were detected on the monocytes of XSCID carrier females. This suggests that non-γc chain expressing monocytes were subjected to extinction so that only those cells expressing normal γc chain persisted. As an alternative to BMT and as a potentially superior treatment of XSCID, the feasibility of moloney murine leukaemia retroviral (MoMLV) vector mediated gene transfer of the IL2RG gene to patients' cells was explored. Higher efficiencies of lacZ reporter gene transfer were achieved with virus pseudotyped in the novel feline endogenous viral (RD114) envelope, compared to the commonly used MoMLV- amphotropic envelope, in primary cells and EBV transformed B cell lines. Therefore RD114 pseudotyped viruses bearing the IL2RG gene were used to restore γc chain expression in EBV transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells derived from an XSCID individual and to integrate the IL2RG gene into γc chain-deficient primary cells.
Co-morbidities and addictions affecting treatment outcome in new smear positive cases in Amritsar city, Punjab, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although the current approach to TB control focuses on case detection and treatment, recent studies suggest that this strategy might not be sufficient to achieve this goal and it may also be necessary to reduce risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of tuberculosis infection and/or disease. Such risk factors may act at one of several steps in the natural history of the disease. The life time risk of breaking down to disease among those infected with TB is 10–15%, which gets increased to 10% per year amongst those co-infected with HIV. Other determinants such as diabetes mellitus, smoking tobacco products, alcohol abuse and malnutrition also increase the risk of progression from infection to TB disease.Methods: The study was conducted on new smear positive patients registered under Directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) in two Treatment Units (TUs) present in Amritsar city. The patients were enquired about their socio-demographic profile, family history, occupational history and associated co-morbidities and addictions. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 17.00. Results: Out of 250 patients, 149 (59.6%) were males and 101(40.4%) were females. Male preponderance, with male to female ratio of 1.5:1 was seen. Out of the total 250 cases, 7.2% of the cases had associated diabetes mellitus, 1.2 % had hypertension and only 1 case was of asthma. While enquiring for addictions, it was observed that 28.8% of the cases were alcoholic, 17.2% were smokers, 8% had the habit of tobacco chewing and 6% were drug abusers. Favourable outcome was significantly higher in non-addicted cases while presence of co-morbidities was found to have no effect on the treatment outcome.Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed that favourable outcome was significantly associated with the absence of addictions. So, it is concluded that prevention of tuberculosis should include effective screening especially among high risk groups in order to ensure early detection and aggressive treatment.
Antibacterial Activity of Endemic Artocarpus nobilis Thw Found in Sri Lanka

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims: To evaluate antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts of Artocarpus nobilis Thw. leaves and stem bark against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion method. Methodology: Matured fully expanded leaves and stem bark parts of Artocarpus nobilis were collected, air-dried, and grounded. The extraction was obtained using a decoction extraction method. Antibacterial activity was performed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923TM) and Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922TM) using agar well diffusion method and gentamicin was used as a positive control. The whole experiment was done in triplicates and the diameter of the inhibition zone (in mm) was measured and recorded. Results: Results showed that aqueous bark extract (EC50 4.286 mg/mL) showed the highest efficacy and potency against E. coli while methanol bark extract (EC50 4.427 mg/mL) showed the highest efficacy and potency against S. aureus. R² and P values for aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts indicated that there was a strong, statistically significant correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between concentration and zone of inhibition for all extracts of A. nobilis against E. coli and S. aureus. Conclusion: This study showed that aqueous and methanol bark extracts of Artocarpus nobilis have marked in vitro dose-dependent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the mechanism and the active constituents responsible for the antibacterial activity of the of plant parts of Artocarpus nobilis.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo inference for probabilistic latent tensor factorization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Probabilistic Latent Tensor Factorization (PLTF) is a recently proposed probabilistic framework for modeling multi-way data. Not only the popular tensor factorization models but also any arbitrary tensor factorization structure can be realized by the PLTF framework. This paper presents Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedures (namely the Gibbs sampler) for making inference on the PLTF framework. We provide the abstract algorithms that are derived for the general case and the overall procedure is illustrated on both synthetic and real data.
Tissue Sodium Storage in Patients With Heart Failure: A New Therapeutic Target?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Preclinical data suggest sodium deposited (without water) in tissues may lead to aberrant remodeling and systemic inflammation, independently of fluid overload in patients with heart failure (HF). Tissue salt storage can be measured noninvasively and quantitatively with 23 Na-magnetic resonance imaging. We aimed to investigate the possibility that patients with HF complicated by renal dysfunction are subject to higher tissue sodium concentration exposure than patients with chronic kidney disease alone. Methods: We conducted an exploratory study including 18 patients with HF, 34 hemodialysis patients (with no meaningful renal clearance of sodium), and 31 patients with chronic kidney disease, with glomerular filtration rate matched to the patients with HF. Every patient underwent 23 Na-magnetic resonance imaging of the calf, to quantify tissue sodium and allow comparison among the 3 patient groups. Results: There were no differences in age, sex, and body mass index between groups. Median (interquartile range) skin sodium content in HF (31 [23–37] mmol/L) was very high and indistinguishable from skin sodium content in hemodialysis patients (30 [22–35] mmol/L), P =0.6. Patients with HF exhibited significantly higher skin sodium content than matched estimated glomerular filtration rate chronic kidney disease patients (22 [19–26] mmol/L), P =0.005. Median muscle sodium content in patients with HF was significantly higher than in patients with chronic kidney disease, P =0.002. There was no relationship with estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with HF. We report a significant correlation between skin sodium and urinary sodium ( P =0.04) but no correlation with muscle sodium. Patients who were assessed as being volume depleted (sodium excretion fraction <1%) had lower skin sodium content than patients with sodium excretion fraction >1% ( P =0.03). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that patients with HF characteristically have very high levels of skin sodium storage, comparable to well-characterized extreme levels seen in patients with end-stage kidney disease requiring hemodialysis. 23 Na-magnetic resonance imaging may allow precision medicine in the management of this challenging group of patients with HF. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03004547.
Constraining models of Inflationary Magnetogenesis with NANOGrav

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Generation of magnetic field during inflation can explain its presence over a wide range of scales in the Universe. In Ref.\cite{sharma2017}, we proposed a model to generate these fields during inflation. These fields have nonzero anisotropic stress which lead to the generation of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GW) in the early universe. Here we show that for a scenario of magnetogenesis where reheating takes place around QCD epoch, this stochastic GW background lies in the $95\%$ confidence region of the GW signal probed by NANOGrav collaboration. This is the case when the generated electromagnetic field (EM) energy density is $3-10\%$ of the background energy density at the end of reheating. For this case, the values of magnetic field strength $B_0 \sim (3.8-6.9) \times 10^{-11}$G and its coherence length $\sim 30$ kpc at the present epoch. These values are for the models in which EM fields are of nonhelical nature. For the helical nature of the fields, these values are $B_0 \sim (1.1-1.9) \times 10^{-9}$G and its coherence length $\sim 0.8$ Mpc.
Efficacy of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome IIIb: A Prospective-Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: There is no definite treatment method for chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). The purpose of this study was to compare and assess the effectiveness and safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) versus placebo treatment in CPPS IIIb patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants with CPPS IIIb were included and randomized in this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Li-ESWT was performed at the perineum without anesthesia once per week for 8 weeks. CPPSrelated symptoms were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI). Pain and erectile function were appraised using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and International Index of Erectile Function- Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), respectively. The Global Efficacy Assessment Question (GEAQ) was also assessed. The parameters were evaluated immediately after the last Li-ESWT treatment and 4 weeks after Li-EWST treatment. Results: Fifteen subjects each in the Li-ESWT and placebo groups completed this study. Amelioration of NIH-CPSI total, pain, and quality of life score in the Li-ESWT group was found compared to the placebo group (p=0.002, 0.02, 0.001, respectively). Improvement of the VAS score was observed in the Li-ESWT group (p=0.002). The differences in the GEAQ “Yes” responses were also significant in the Li-ESWT group. No patients experienced side effects related to ESWT during therapeutic period or follow-up duration. Conclusions: Results indicated that Li-ESWT improved the NIH-CPSI score, pain, and the quality of life in CPPS IIIb patients.Li-ESWT could be an effective alternative treatment modality for CPPS IIIb.
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Hypertension among Residents on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and high altitude is still controversial. Few studies have compared the prevalence of hypertension between plateau-native group (PNG) and non-plateau-native group (nPNG) populations at the same altitude. We explored the characteristics and risk factors for hypertension among residents on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. From 2014 to 2019, the blood pressure of 6987 PNG and nPNG ≥ 18 years of age in Qinghai, China, was analyzed. Participants were divided into three groups by altitude: the 2000~2999-meter, 3000~3999-meter and ≥4000-meter groups. The association between altitude and BP was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of hypertension among residents on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was approximately 30.53%. We found a V-shaped association between altitude and blood pressure and an inverted V-shaped association between altitude and the prevalence of sinus bradycardia (SB). Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels in the 3000~3999-meter PNG group were lower than those in the nPNG group at the same altitude (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the hypertension risk factors at high altitudes were age, altitude, body mass index (BMI), abnormal total cholesterol (TC) levels, abnormal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, abnormal hemoglobin levels, alcohol consumption and sinus bradycardia. We concluded that the relationship between hypertension prevalence and altitude among residents living at high altitudes had a V-shaped distribution. Risk factors for hypertension varied with altitude. Participants in the PNG exhibited better adaptation at 3000~3999 meters; at altitudes above 4000 meters, the adaptation advantages of the PNG disappeared.
7th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics – ICIAM 2011

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Byl to juz siodmy z rzedu Kongres ICIAMu, odbywający sie periodycz- nie co cztery lata (1987 – Paris, 1991 – Washington, 1995 – Hamburg, 1999 – Edinburgh, 2003 – Sydney, 2007 – Zurich). Nastepny jest planowany w Chi- nach (2015 Beijing, August 24-28). Tegoroczny Kongres zgromadzil 2661 uczestnikow z 78 krajow. Ponad 82% uczestnikow pochodzilo z krajow: USA, Kanada, Niemcy, Francja, Wielka Brytania, Japonia, Indie, Chiny, Wlochy i Hiszpania. Polska reprezentacja liczyla okolo 10 osob, ktore na ten cel do- kladnie zrujnowaly swe granty (Vancouver to bardzo ladne, ale i niestety drogie miasto). Na Kongres bylo zaproszonych 27 wykladowcow. Po raz pierwszy w tym gronie znalazl sie Polak, prof. Andrzej Świerniak z Politech- niki Śląskiej, ktory wyglosil odczyt pt. „Control Theory as a Tool for Plan- ning Anti-Cancer Therapies”, przyjety nawiasem mowiąc z duzym zaintere- sowaniem. W trakcie Kongresu są przyznawane nagrody ICIAMu.
Field Effect Transistor Nanosensor for Breast Cancer Diagnostics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Silicon nanochannel field effect transistor (FET) biosensors are one of the most promising technologies in the development of highly sensitive and label-free analyte detection for cancer diagnostics. With their exceptional electrical properties and small dimensions, silicon nanochannels are ideally suited for extraordinarily high sensitivity. In fact, the high surface-to-volume ratios of these systems make single molecule detection possible. Further, FET biosensors offer the benefits of high speed, low cost, and high yield manufacturing, without sacrificing the sensitivity typical for traditional optical methods in diagnostics. Top down manufacturing methods leverage advantages in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, making richly multiplexed sensor arrays a reality. Here, we discuss the fabrication and use of silicon nanochannel FET devices as biosensors for breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ganoderma resinaceum (Boud) fruiting bodies extracts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Ganoderma resinaceum is used to treat oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases such as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different extracts from G. resinaceum fruiting bodies. Methods: Aqueous crude (GRT), mycelial (MYC), exopolysaccharide (EPS I, EPS II) and water-soluble polysaccharide-rich (GRP I and GRP II) extracts of G. resinaceum were assessed for their free radical scavenging and metal chelating ions assays. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by stabilization of erythrocytes’ membranes and protein denaturation assays. For the in vivo study, paw oedema was induced by administration of κ-carrageenan (0.1 mL; 1%) to male Wistar rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. Animals were pre-treated with G. resinaceum extracts (125 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg). Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels were determined, and histological analysis of paw tissue was performed. Results: G. resinaceum polysaccharide-rich extracts (GRP I and GRP II) showed the best bioactivities. They scavenged DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzylthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and NO (nitric oxide) radicals, and chelated ferrous ions, stabilized murine erythrocyte membranes, and inhibited protein denaturation. At 125 mg/kg, GRP I and GRP II restored the microarchitecture with a weak infiltration of immune cells in the subcutaneous tissues. Moreover, they decreased the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines growth colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), chemokines (eotaxin, fractalkine) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12p70). Conclusion: G. resinaceum polysaccharide extracts could be potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory agents.
Photospheric disturbances and acoustic sources of the helioseismic ``circular'' X1.5 flare of May 10, 2022

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the energy release of the X1.5-class solar flare that occurred on May 10, 2022, during which the powerful helioseismic response (``sunquake'') was observed. An additional feature is the fact that this powerful sunquake was generated in the NOAA active region 13006 of Hale class $\beta\delta$, whereas earlier it was shown that the strongest helioseismic disturbances are generated in the sunspot groups with the most complex Hale class of $\beta\gamma\delta$. We analyze magnetic fields and photospheric perturbations basing on the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) data. Analysis of the distribution of acoustic sources and photospheric perturbations reveals a ring geometry in the form of a chain of sources roughly corresponding to the geometry of flare ribbons. The photospheric perturbations developed in two regions near the magnetic field polarity inversion line (PIL) and corresponded to two series of hard X-ray bursts seen in the KONUS/WIND data. We extrapolated the coronal magnetic field from the HMI vector magnetograms within the framework of the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) approximation. The geometry of the ``dome with a spine'' type was revealed. The regions of the photospheric perturbations approximately corresponded to the base of the dome. In this work we also briefly discuss penumbral decay and the flare dynamics of the observed $\delta$-spot. The data obtained vividly show the local features of the magnetic fields in a relatively morphologically simple active region, where the conditions for the powerful helioseismic response during the solar flare arose. The paper also discusses the morphological properties of the active region with similar properties of the most helioseismically active regions of the 24th cycle.
Fundamentals of Digital Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Master the fundamentals of digital communications systems with this accessible and hands-on introductory textbook, carefully interweaving theory and practice. The just-in-time approach introduces essential background as needed, keeping academic theory firmly linked to practical applications. The example-led teaching frames key concepts in the context of real-world systems, such as 5G, WiFi, and GPS. Stark provides foundational material on the trade-offs between energy and bandwidth efficiency, giving students a solid grounding in the fundamental challenges of designing digital communications systems. Features include over 300 illustrative figures, 80 examples, and 130 end-of-chapter problems to reinforce student understanding, with solutions for instructors. Accompanied online by lecture slides, computational MATLAB® and Python resources, and supporting data sets, this is the ideal introduction to digital communications for senior undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering.
The Bicentenary of Queen Victoria

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The past year, 2019, was the bicentenary of the birth of Queen Victoria. Since 2001, the centenary of her death, much has changed in the scholarship about the British queen. Her own journals and correspondence are more available for researchers. European monarchies are now being taken seriously as historical topics. There is also less agreement about the Victorian era as a distinct period of study, leaving Victoria's own relationship with the era she eponymizes less certain. With these changing perspectives in mind, this article looks at six recent books about Victoria (four biographies, one study of royal matchmaking, and one edited volume) in order to reassess her reign. The article is focused on three themes: Queen Victoria as a female monarch, her role in building a dynastic empire, and her prerogative—how she influenced the politics of church and state. The article concludes by warning that biography is not the medium best suited for taking advantage of all the new historical contexts for understanding Queen Victoria's life.
Modelling the Relationship between Air Pollution and Economic Growth in Somalia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Throughout human history, there has been a clear connection between pollution and the economy. However, the relationship between environmental harm and economic progress is complex, and disagreements between various academic disciplines have made it difficult to understand this phenomenon fully. A unit root test was conducted to gain more insight, which proposed the possibility of further empirical analysis. The Johansen cointegration method was also used to show a long-term connection between air pollution and economic growth. At the same time, the vector autoregressive model (VAR) indicated a short-term connection between the two. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was then employed to estimate the relationship, and the findings confirmed the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The EKC demonstrates that economic growth has positive and negative effects on air pollution. The Granger causality test conducted in Somalia showed a causal link between economic growth and air pollution. The EKC model further supported this finding by demonstrating that economic growth has a statistically significant positive impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This implies that Somalia has seen increased GHG emissions, leading to environmental degradation. Therefore, the Somali government must prioritise the implementation of a sustainable energy policy to improve air quality and prevent further environmental deterioration.