jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinico-epidemiological Profile of Incidentally Detected Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumours, with the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the lung as the most common sites with indolent course. Endoscopists play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of GI-NETS because the majority of patients with NETs are asymptomatic and NETs are discovered during screening examinations. Since GI-NETs are less common than other cancers, their natural history, diagnosis, and treatment may not be completely understood. Aim: To estimate the prevalence and to characterize the clinical, endoscopic, and histological features of incidentally detected GI NETs in nodular/polypoidal/ulcerated lesions on GI endoscopy. Materials and Methods: This record-based retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Medical Gastroenterology of a tertiary care facility. The data belonged to the period between January 2018 to December 2020. Data belonged to the patients that underwent Oesophago- gastro duodenoscopy (OGD)/ Colonoscopy and were found to have nodular/ polypoidal lesions. Records on serum chromogranin, serum gastrin and radiological tests such as Ultrasonography(USG) or Computed Tomography (CT) scan were recorded. The histopathological with immunohistochemistry staining report was used to diagnose NETs. Continuous variables were analysed for normality by the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Results: A total of 59 eligible patients were studied. The prevalence of GI NET tumours in 2018 was 17 (0. 32%), 19 (0. 33%) in 2019, and 23 (0. 41%) in 2020 with an overall rate of 59 (0. 36%) for all the three years. Total male participants were 35 (59.32%), and the mean age of the patients was 56.13 ±12.44 years. Majority had abdominal pain (32, 54.24%) and 35(59.32%) had tumours in the duodenum, 15 (25.42 %) in the stomach. The most common site was duodenum 35 (59.32%). As per World Health Organisation (WHO) NET, most tumours were Grade I (50, 45.76%). Majority of tumours had Synaptophysin (57, 96.61%), Chromogranin (49, 83.05%), and a Ki67 (Kiel-clone no.67) index≤ 2 (49, 83.05%), while 27 (84. 75 %) tumours were of size of <1 cm. Conclusion: GI-NETs are uncommon, and their biology, histopathology, and clinical behavior are distinct. Typically, they are slow-growing tumours, but their growth rate can fluctuate depending on the location, size, and grade of the tumour
Sumoylation impacts the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 and is necessary for its localization to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2) induces transcription of a variety of genes by binding to the antioxidant response element(s) (ARE) in target gene promoters. Covalent modification(s) that may impact the biology of Nrf2 after its separation from its inhibitor protein Keap1 are not well‐delineated. Using reporter gene assays and fluorescence imaging in HepG2 cells, we have explored the role of sumoylation in the biological action of Nrf2. In the presence of the SUMO‐specific protease SENP‐1, Nrf2‐induced transcription from ARE‐driven reporter gene constructs was greatly enhanced, suggesting that sumoylation inhibits Nrf2‐induced gene transcription. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 directed green fluorescent protein‐Nrf2 (GFP‐Nrf2) to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML‐NBs); this treatment also induced co‐localization of GFP‐Nrf2 with red fluorescent protein‐SUMO‐1 (RFP‐SUMO‐1). This localization was abrogated by co‐transfection with an expression plasmid for SENP‐1. We interpret these results to mean that Nrf2 traffics to PML‐NBs in a SUMO‐dependent manner. The results also implicate sumoylation in the transcriptional action of Nrf2. Supported by NIH grants # SC1CA143985 and T32HL007737
Expression of TIMP-1 Protein in Kidney of Mice with Membranous Nephropaty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To research the relativity beween mechanism and TIMP-1 protein expression in mice with membranous nephropathy.Methods:Membranous nephropathy mice animals model were used,and the TIMP-1 protein expression in kidney was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the thickness of GBM and TBM was measured.Then the statistical methods were used to compare and analyse the data of MN group and control group.Results:TIMP-1 protein was expressed mainly in renal tubule of MN group and control group.In glomerulus,a small amount of TIMP-1 was expressed in MN group,and no TIMP-1 was expressed in control group.The level of TIMP-1 protein in MN group increased remarkably comparing with control group.The GBM and TBM in MN group were thicker than those in control group and the GBM and TBM in control group were normal.Then the statistical analyse shows:In MN group,the expression of TIMP-1 protein paralleled with the thickness of GBM and TBM,and In control group,the expression of TIMP-1 protein was not relative to the thickness both of GBM and TBM;Conclusion:The level of TIMP-1 protein expression is positively relative to the thickening of GBM and TBM,and TIMP-1 act an important action during the developing of MN.
ALLIUM JUDAEUM sp. nov.: Amaryllidaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The genus Allium includes important food plants including onion, garlic, chives, and leeks, as well as cultivars traded widely in the horticultural industry. Yet species limits and diversity in the genus still require further work. The eastern Mediterranean has emerged as a centre of diversity for the genus Allium in recent years. Here we describe a new species, Allium judaeum that is a rare endemic, apparently restricted to the Judean Mountains of Israel and the West Bank, and discuss the ecology and outlook for the plant, and recommendations for its conservation.
Recherches sur les arǒmes. 6e communication. Analyse de l'arǒme volatils des framboises II. Les alcools

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 3,5‐dinitrobenzoates obtained from the neutral part of the vacuum distillates of 610 kg of fresh raspberries have been separated and examined by column and paper chromatography. The identification of 11 alcohols is described, four of which were known to be present in raspberries: cis ‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, 1‐hexanol, ethanol, methanol; seven are new: 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, 1‐pentanol, trans ‐2‐buten‐1‐ol, 1‐butanol, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, and geraniol; the identification of the last two has already been described in preliminary notes.
La VoLTE: Novel Cross Layer Optimized Mechanism of Video Transmission over LTE for DRX

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Power efficiency in broadband wireless access networks has emerged as a very important area of research worldwide. 4G wireless standards such as the 3GPP LTE have attempted to address this issue through mechanisms such as Discontinuous Reception (DRX) which can enhance the battery performance in user equipments (UEs) and improve resource utilization at the base station (eNodeB) especially for applications characterized by long periods of inactivity such as the WWW. However, DRX in connected mode has not been optimized for real time applications such as Mobile TV and Video on Demand (VoD) which require strict latency and QoS uarantees. This paper presents a novel mechanism, La VoLTE, based on time series prediction and enhanced eNodeB architecture to determine DRX opportunities during video streaming over Real Time Protocol (RTP) in a TDD-LTE network without compromising the QoS. Through extensive simulations, it is found that the proposed mechanism can result in 30-80 percent power saving over the video transmission duration depending on video data for different video quality and bandwidth requirements.
Cooperative Hierarchical Caching in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the last few years, C-RAN is proposed as a transformative architecture for 5G cellular networks that brings the flexibility and agility of cloud computing to wireless communications. At the same time, content caching in wireless networks has become an essential solution to lower the content- access latency and backhaul traffic loading, leading to user QoE improvement and network cost reduction. In this article, a novel cooperative hierarchical caching (CHC) framework in C-RAN is introduced where contents are jointly cached at the BBU and at the RRHs. Unlike in traditional approaches, the cache at the BBU, cloud cache, presents a new layer in the cache hierarchy, bridging the latency/capacity gap between the traditional edge-based and core-based caching schemes. Trace-driven simulations reveal that CHC yields up to 51 percent improvement in cache hit ratio, 11 percent decrease in average content access latency, and 18 percent reduction in backhaul traffic load compared to the edge-only caching scheme with the same total cache capacity. Before closing the article, we discuss the key challenges and promising opportunities for deploying content caching in C-RAN in order to make it an enabler technology in 5G ultra-dense systems.
Co-creating strategy in action with stakeholders: a grounded theory explaining middle manager response to their concerns around progressing organisational strategic agendas in increasingly ambiguous environments

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Emergent theory suggested that to progress organisational strategic agendas in increasingly ambiguous environments, middle managers are, to varying degrees, co-creating strategic action with salient stakeholders. This occurs through dynamic processes including: interacting continually, making strategic narratives credible, reshaping power relations, and, co-generating strategic options. Research outcomes are relevant to formal organisational strategy-making and decision-making, and to identifying related skill-sets and capabilities required of middle managers, particularly those concerning collaboration with stakeholders in complexity.
Cytotoxic Action of Normal Human Serum on Ehrlich Ascites and Sarcoma 180 Cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary(1) Thermolabile, non-dialyzable cytotoxins are present in normal, human serum for Ehrlich ascites and Sarcoma 180 cells. (2) Similarities and differences of these cytotoxins and those active against atypical human cell strains U12 and HeLa are described. (3) Data are presented showing relationship of these cytotoxins to serum complement.
10.1016/s1885-9070(08)35057-4

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Los cambios colposcopicos se relacionan con los grados variables de absorcion y reflexion de la luz blanca en el cuello uterino. La zona de contacto de la superficie y del estroma vascular suprayacente se compone de celulas con diferente contenido de nucleos y citoplasma. Las modificaciones de la microanatomia celular y la proliferacion microvascular asociada a estados normales y anomalos del cuello uterino definen el color y el aspecto vascular del cuello uterino en las imagenes colposcopicas.
Using Social Network Sites for Higher Education Marketing and Recruitment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, the author examines how the rapid penetration of Social Network Sites (SNSs) into everyday life affects higher education marketing. Among unique features offered by SNSs are unprecedented trackability of students’ interests, immediacy in responses, targeted personalization of marketing efforts, and low institutional financial obligations. Growth in Internet Penetration Rates and strong international SNSs membership suggests further globalization of marketing strategies and inclusion of lower income countries into targeted markets. Concerns associated with the use of SNSs include dearth of fluency in the sites’ content and operation among admission personnel, lack in users’ privacy, and absence of control over the content. The skyrocketing evolution of SNSs surpasses the corresponding research as do applications of SNSs for higher education marketing. As the result, this qualitative study had to draw information from the variety of secondary sources including blogs, web reports, group discussions, comments, forums, videos, etc.
No evidence that associations of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma with its major modifiable risk factors differ by chromosome 8q24 region rs6983267 genotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6983267, in the chromosome 8q24 region, has been associated with higher risk for colorectal neoplasms, but its relation to carcinogenic mechanisms is unclear. To investigate whether associations of colorectal adenoma with its major modifiable risk factors differ according to rs6983267 genotype, we performed a pooled analysis of the White participants ( n = 401 cases, 518 controls) from three colonoscopy‐based, case–control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma conducted between 1991 and 2002. There was a statistically significant direct association of rs6983267 with colorectal adenoma that was consistent with those in previous reports. We found no clear indications that rs6983267 impacts the association of colorectal adenomas with the following risk factors: physical activity, body mass index (BMI), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, tobacco or alcohol use, hormone replacement therapy among women, blood 25‐OH‐vitamin D 3 levels, oxidative balance, or total energy, calcium, red meat, vegetable and fruit, and folate intakes. These findings, together with previously reported null results on 8q24–environment interactions for colorectal cancer, suggest that associations of colorectal adenoma with its major modifiable risk factors may not differ according to chromosome 8q24 region rs6983267 genotype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
El paisaje como recurso turístico en Áreas Naturales Protegidas: Caso Ranchería Chilapa 2da.Sección (Cañaveralito), Centla, Tabasco

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The potential for tourism in Rancheria Chilapa 2da Section, whichis located in the Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve (RBPC) was evaluated.Landscape Unit (UP) evaluation, through both, direct-mixed and indirect (BML)methods were used. Results were used to carry out an evaluation of the potentialfor tourism by a panel composed of inhabitants of the community, general publicand landscape experts. Also, an inventory of natural and cultural tourist resourceswas carried out. The type of use of each natural resource and the tourist potentialwere determined by the panel’s preferences. Landscape units, natural resources,cultural and tourist activities were marked on community maps. Five landscape unitswere established; the most important landscape units were the lagoon ecosystem(UPN1), the scrubs (UPN4) and low sub-perennial forest (UPN1), with respectivevalues of landscape visual quality of 21.40, 19.40 and 19.13. Categories fluctuatedbetween unique and stimulating. Classes A, B and C were determined by BMLmethod. UPN1 was category of area of high quality, UPN4, UPN 5 and UPN2 weremedium and UPN3 was low. Eight tourist activities were identified (six of ecotourismand two of adventure tourism). According to the panel, the landscape value of thearea studied was 18.09 with a category of preserved for ecotourism and adventuretourism. This indicates that the village has tourism potential as an alternative for itssocio-economic development.
Should a Licensing Market Require Licensing?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Copyright owners have persuaded the courts that they should win cases inwhich a defendant's use doesn't injure their market directly, but in whichthey could and would have charged a fee to grant permission for the use.Even assuming courts are right to have accepted this argument, it isunreasonable to then give the copyright owner not just the fee they wouldhave charged but the power to prevent the use altogether or to collectdamages far in excess of that fee. Licensing market cases are excellentchoices for separating compensation and control, giving copyright ownersthe right to get paid without giving them control over transformative uses.Doing so is harder than simply denying injunctive relief, however. Itrequires us to rethink our definition of damages in copyright law with theaim of remedying injury rather than always seeking to deter infringement.
Legal Ethics in the Academic Curriculum:Correspondent's Report fromthe United Kingdom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The legal profession and legal academics in England and Wales continue to debate the value of compulsory legal ethics teaching and assessment within the academic stage of training. Learning and teaching of legal ethics has developed rapidly in recent years, but it remains an optional part of most law school academic curricula and is often left to professional conduct training at the vocational stage. Economides and Rogers' report to the Law Society, Preparatory Ethics Training for Future Solicitors, was published in March 2009. They recommended that 'awareness of and commitment to legal values and the moral context of the law, [be] mandatory in undergraduate law degrees'. They advised that an outcomes based approach be taken so as to permit flexibility but also that the professional bodies should provide assistance to law schools to introduce legal ethics teaching to law students. Their recommendations also extended to the vocational stage of training and postqualification CPD mandatory ethics training as well. The Law Society's Education and Training Committee commissioned Professor Andy Boon to consider and develop a model curriculum for legal ethics at the initial academic stage of training - perhaps a more modest approach than that originally envisaged by Economides and Rogers, but a bold step nonetheless against the backdrop of intense regulatory change as regards the legal professions in England and Wales as well as the major changes facing higher education institutions over the next few years.
Best Practices in Bioassay Development to Support Registration of Biopharmaceuticals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biological activity is a critical quality attribute for biopharmaceuticals, which is accurately measured using an appropriate relative potency bioassay. Developing a bioassay is a complex, rigorous undertaking that needs to address several challenges including modelling all of the mechanisms of action associated with the biotherapeutic. Bioassay development is also an exciting and fast evolving field, not only from a scientific, medical and technological point of view, but also in terms of statistical approaches and regulatory expectations. This has led to an industry-wide discussion on the most appropriate ways to develop, validate and control the bioassays throughout the drug lifecycle.
Expanded Access to Naloxone Among Firefighters, Police Officers, and Emergency Medical Technicians in Massachusetts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Naloxone is a medication that reverses respiratory depression from opioid overdose if given in time. Paramedics routinely administer naloxone to opioid overdose victims in the prehospital setting, and many states are moving to increase access to the medication. Several jurisdictions have expanded naloxone administration authority to nonparamedic first responders, and others are considering that step. We report here on policy change in Massachusetts, where several communities have equipped emergency medical technicians, law enforcement officers, and firefighters with naloxone.
Observations of Extensive Cosmic-Ray Showers Below Ground

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The decoherence curve of extensive showers has been studied at a depth of 60 m water equivalent below ground out to a distance of 320 m. The relative frequencies of coincidences in various combinations of counter sets are found to be consistent with the assumption that the frequency of showers containing N particles is proportional to N-γ with γ = 3.2 ± 0.2. By comparison with observations at other depths it is concluded that the particles in extensive showers are absorbed less rapidly in the earth than the normal particles of the vertical component. The observed showers can be readily understood in terms of the small fraction of penetrating particles (presumed μ-mesons) that is known to exist in extensive showers observed at sea level. At counter separations less than 3 m the observed coincidences are much too frequent to be attributed to extensive showers, indicating a significant contribution from locally produced penetrating particles. The origin of these secondary particles is discussed.
An Observational Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Neramexane in Subjective Tinnitus in a Phase 2 Clinical Trial in a Hispanic Cohort in Laredo, Texas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An observational study was conducted on the efficacy of Neramexane in a small cohort of Hispanic subjects who were diagnosed with moderate to severe subjective tinnitus. Patients were screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria as outlined by the study sponsor. The study protocol involved daily intake of Neramexane.
Research on Soft Rock or Coal Seam Roadway Monorail Hanging Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract-A new type of monorail hanging technology was invented to solve the auxiliary transportation problem in soft rock or coal bed roadway, and clearly introduced the hanging scheme and making a feasibility analysis. This new type of monorail hanging technology makes the monorail application in soft rock or coal bed roadway to be possible, solves a major problem in mine auxiliary transportation mechanization and makes the auxiliary transport efficiency improved obviously, embodies the advantages of modern equipment. In the same time it solved the problems of complex transport links, more personnel occupied, large maintenance workload, poor economic benefit and low safety factor.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A TELEROBOTIC SYSTEM WITH VISUAL AND HAPTIC FEEDBACK: CURRENT PROGRESS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Telerobotics is a field of robotics interested in controlling robots from a distance. Incorporating visual and haptic (touch) feedback allows the operator greater accuracy in manipulating objects in a remote environment. This project endeavours to develop a telerobotic system with a focus towards telesurgical applications by using two similar industrial robotic manipulators, one acting as a haptic input device, the other as the telerobot. This paper describes the process of converting such robots into a functioning telerobotic system that allows the operator to “see” and “feel” in the remote environment. A partial working model of the telerobotic system can be achieved through experimental procedures.
Lisianthus Leaf Curl a New Disease of Lisianthus Caused by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1992 viruslike symptoms appeared on lisianthus plants grown at different locations in Israel. The symptoms included distortion of the growing tips, cup-shaped leaves, and swelling of veins on the lower surface of the leaves. Plants infected at an early stage did not yeld flowers, but late infections did not impair flowering. The viral causal agent of the disease was purified from infected plants and identified with a molecular probe prepared from cloned tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TULCV) DNA and a specific antiserum against the virus. Purified preparations were infectious to healthy lisianthus in transmission experiments with Bemisia tabaci. These data confirmed that lisanthus leaf curl is caused by TYLCV. This devastating disease has become a limiting factor in the expansion of lisianthus cultivation in Israel.