jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Progressive growth of San Clemente Island, California, by blind thrust faulting: implications for fault slip partitioning in the California Continental Borderland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We find that the genesis of San Clemente Island and its surrounding submarine platform is consistent with progressive slip on two, southeast-striking, southwest-dipping, blind thrust fault segments. Since their inception 2 to 5 Ma, 3 km of compression normal to the N150°E fault strike has been accommodated with 1700 m of domal uplift of the San Clemente Anticlinorium. The existence of an extensive suite of Pleistocene marine terraces provides evidence that slip and uplift are continuing today. Based on direct terrace fossil age determinations and correlations of terrace heights with global sea-level curves, we estimate that San Clemente Island is currently uplifting at between 0.2 and 0.5 mm yr−1. This translates into 0.6–1.5 mm yr−1 of thrusting on the causative blind thrusts beneath the island. Unlike the situation at nearby Palos Verdes, where a simple twist in a regional strike-slip fault accommodated both fault-parallel and fault-normal motions, the shallow dips of the thrusts suggest that, if regional strike-slip motion on the San Clemente Fault exists, it must be partitioned onto through-going surfaces distinct from the thrusts. Current GPS data are sparse and equivocal, but they indicate that 1–4 mm yr−1 of compression and 4–7 mm yr−1 of strike slip are absorbed in the California Continental Borderland. With the Palos Verdes Fault taking some 3 mm yr−1 from the strike-slip budget, 1–4 mm yr−1 of motion could be present on a through-going San Clemente Fault. When translated into an annual moment release rate using Kostrov's formula, GPS strains predict that between 2.5 and 4.9 times 1017 N m yr−1 of earthquake potential is available offshore from San Diego to the Santa Barbara Channel. Distribution of this moment budget among various earthquake magnitudes is arguable, but we predict that M > 6 quakes in the Borderland could recur between 30 and 80 years, and M > 7 quakes might be found every 310 to 580 years.
Vision‐Based System for Assisting Blind People to Wander Unknown Environments in a Safe Way

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vision is the principal source of information of the surrounding world. It facilitates our movement and development of everyday activities. In this sense, blind people have great difficulty for moving, especially in unknown environments, which reduces their autonomy and puts them at risk of suffering an accident. Electronic Travel Aids (ETAs) have emerged and provided outstanding navigation assistance for blind people. In this work, we present the methodology followed for implementing a stereo vision‐based system that assists blind people to wander unknown environments in a safe way, by sensing the world, segmenting the floor in 3D, fusing local 2D grids considering the camera tracking, creating a global occupancy 2D grid, reacting to close obstacles, and generating vibration patterns with an haptic belt. For segmenting the floor in 3D, we evaluate normal vectors and orientation of the camera obtained from depth and inertial data, respectively. Next, we apply RANSAC for computing efficiently the equation of the supporting plane (floor). The local grids are fused, obtaining a global map with data of free and occupied areas along the whole trajectory. For parallel processing of dense data, we leverage the capacity of the Jetson TX2, achieving high performance, low power consumption, and portability. Finally, we present experimental results obtained with ten (10) participants, in different conditions, with obstacles of different height, hanging obstacles, and dynamic obstacles. These results show high performance and acceptance by the participants, highlighting the easiness to follow instructions and the short period of training.
How Will Decreasing Subsistence Production Affect Future Dairy Markets in the Central European Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents an approach to depict subsistence production of milk in a partial equilibrium sector model and applies this approach to Poland, Bulgaria and Romania in the European Simulation Model (ESIM). The restriction on milk production implied by the EU milk quota in a situation with increasing market demand along with decreasing subsistence production and consumption, potentially drives up prices for nontradable dairy products in the Central European Countries (CECs), and results in significantly lower net exports and lower production than if these countries do not accede to the EU. Results presented should be taken as tentative and in no way final as the empirical foundation of many of the relevant parameters is weak.
Structure-Based Drug Design of a Novel Family of PPARγ Partial Agonists:  Virtual Screening, X-ray Crystallography, and in Vitro/in Vivo Biological Activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is well-known as the receptor of thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drugs. In this paper, we present a successful example of employing structure-based virtual screening, a method that combines shape-based database search with a docking study and analogue search, to discover a novel family of PPARgamma agonists based upon pyrazol-5-ylbenzenesulfonamide. Two analogues in the family show high affinity for, and specificity to, PPARgamma and act as partial agonists. They also demonstrate glucose-lowering efficacy in vivo. A structural biology study reveals that they both adopt a distinct binding mode and have no H-bonding interactions with PPARgamma. The absence of H-bonding interaction with the protein provides an explanation why both function as partial agonists since most full agonists form conserved H-bonds with the activation function helix (AF-2 helix) which, in turn, enhances the recruitment of coactivators. Moreover, the structural biology and computer docking studies reveal the specificity of the compounds for PPARgamma could be due to the restricted access to the binding pocket of other PPAR subtypes, i.e., PPARalpha and PPARdelta, and steric hindrance upon the ligand binding.
Agriculture-related intellectual property rights of pledge financing: special issues and its solutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

China is making a pilot project on intellectual property rights(IPR) of pledge financing at selected cities,however,the agricultural sector is rarely involved.This paper not only analyzes the special issues,such as the concept and scope of the agriculturerelated IPR should be defined,its value and position should be had a reasonable understanding,the scope of the pledge financing should be identified and etc.But also proposes the corresponding solutions and a number of specific measures to the above problems,including constructing the understanding concept of IPR,clearly defining the scope of agriculture-related IPR,etc.
It's not as Easy as just Saying 20 Minutes a Day': Exploring Teacher and Principal Experiences Implementing a Provincial Physical Activity Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2005, the Ontario Ministry of Education implemented the Daily Physical Activity (DPA) Policy to provide every elementary student with at least 20 minutes of sustained moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity each day.This exploratory research sought to understand the factors shaping DPA implementation in schools and classrooms, from the perspective of elementary school teachers and principals.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Ontario grade 1-8 teachers (n=14) and elementary school principals (n=5) regarding DPA implementation, facilitators, barriers, perceived outcomes, and suggestions for change.The majority of participants stated that students were not meeting the requirements daily.However, participants shared activities and techniques for incorporating physical activity into instructional time.Facilitators and barriers to implementation were organized using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework in order to identify factors acting at four environmental levels.The facilitators and barriers identified indicate that staff and resources within individual schools strongly influence implementation.Although many positive outcomes for students were identified, increased fitness was not mentioned, highlighting additional benefits above physical health.The findings suggest DPA is not being implemented as intended, as school staff are finding it difficult to meet the time and intensity requirements.Policy makers must consider the local school environment and the roles of school staff when designing school-based health policies.
Mutational patterns of HPV+ and HPV- squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) and their interference with outcome after adjuvant chemoradiation: A multicenter biomarker study of the German Cancer Consortium Radiation Oncology Group.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6006 Background: The genetic landscape of SCCHN is currently being unravelled, but the role of distinct mutations for treatment outcome remains largely unknown. We compared mutational patterns of HPV+ and HPV- tumors with outcome after uniform chemoradiation. Methods: Archival tumor specimens from 208 patients with carcinomas of the hypopharynx, oropharynx or oral cavity, all uniformly treated with surgery and adjuvant cisplatin-based radiochemotherapy, were included in this study. An in-house gene panel for semiconductor-based next-generation ultra-deep sequencing, covering 211 exons from 45 genes frequently altered in SCCHN was used for mutational analysis. Genetic alterations were correlated with HPV status and patient outcome. Results: Mutational profiles were successfully established for 185 SCCHN cases. Interestingly, HPV+ carcinomas were significantly enriched for activating mutations in driver genes (PIK3CA 27%, KRAS 8%, NRAS 4%, HRAS 2%) compared to HPV- cases (P = 0.002). Conversely, HPV- tumors showed an increased frequency of loss-of-function alterations in tumor suppressor genes (TP53 67%, CDKN2A 30%, PTEN 4%, SMAD4 3%) compared to HPV+ cases (P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 55 months, alterations in tumor suppressor genes significantly increased the risk of death (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.8, P = 0.001), locoregional recurrence (HR 5.4, 95% CI 1.6-18.1, P = 0.006) and distant metastasis (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.1, P = 0.04). The occurrence of activating driver gene mutations did not influence outcome in the total cohort of patients; however, they were associated per trend with increased risk of locoregional recurrence and death (HR 3.7, 95% CI 0.7-20.6, P = 0.12) in HPV+ oropharyngeal carcinomas. Conclusions: Overall, loss-of-function tumor suppressor gene mutations negatively interfere with efficacy of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemoradiation, whereas activating driver gene mutations define poor risk specifically in HPV-driven SCCHN. These genes and their signalling pathways might represent therapeutic targets for improving cure rates of SCCHN.
Assessment of the effect of potential antifibrotic compounds on total and αVβ6 integrin‐mediatedTGF‐β activation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Transforming growth factor‐β ( TGF ‐β) plays an important role in the development of tissue fibrosis, and molecules inhibiting this pathway are attractive therapeutic targets for fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ). Activation of TGF ‐β is the rate‐limiting step in TGF ‐β bioavailability, and activation by the αVβ6 integrin is important in fibrosis of the lung, liver, and kidney. Activation of TGF ‐β by αVβ6 requires direct cell–cell contact and measurable release of active TGF ‐β in extracellular fluid compartments does not reflect tissue specific activation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antifibrotic compounds on both total, and specific αVβ6 integrin‐mediated TGF ‐β activity. Using a transformed mink lung cell ( TMLC ) TGF ‐β reporter, the effects of potential antifibrotic therapies including an activin‐like kinase (Alk5) inhibitor, Dexamethasone, Pirfenidone, N ‐acetylcysteine ( NAC ), and BIBF 1120 were assessed. Effects due to αVβ6 integrin‐mediated TGF ‐β activity were measured using reporter cells cocultured with cells expressing αVβ6 integrins. These high‐throughput studies were validated using a phosphorylated Smad2 Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Alk 5 inhibitors are potent inhibitors of TGF ‐β activity, whereas the novel antifibrotics, Pirfenidone, BIBF 1120, and NAC are only moderate inhibitors, and Dexamethasone does not specifically affect TGF ‐βactivity, but inhibits TGF ‐β‐induced gene expression. None of the current small molecular inhibitors inhibit αVβ6‐mediated TGF ‐β activity. These results demonstrate the potential of this high‐throughput assay of αVβ6‐specific TGF ‐β activity and illustrate that currently available antifibrotics have limited effects on αVβ6 integrin‐mediated TGF ‐β activity.
Resurgence of the past: political and media discourse during the breakup of the former yugoslavia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The wars and conflicts that accompanied the breakup of the former Yugoslavia are inextricably linked to “language”. The “breakup” of Serbo-Croat into several national languages and the determination of Slovenes and, to a lesser extent, Ma­cedonians to restrain the influence of Serbo-Croat on their respective languages ​​was a prelude to the country’s political breakup. Military violence was carefully prepared by linguistic means: hate speech, which quickly turned into war speech, dominated the words of politicians, media, culture and everyday conversation. This would not have been possible without resorting to the past and to the mythologized history of the warring parties (the Battle of Kosovo Polje, Yugoslavia before the Second World War, the Second World War itself). The analysis of the political and media discourses carried out in this study revealed three major types of semantic inversions on which the underlying discursive mechanisms largely rely: diachronic inversions (the resurgence of the terms “Ustashe”, “Chetniks”, “Turks”), semantic and logical travesties (in which terms such as “defend” and “liberate” lose their primary meanings) and semantic asymmetries (the enemy is an inhuman “aggressor” and “slaughterer”, while “our” side is made up of “innocent victims”, “martyrs” or “heroes”). As a result, the terms and utterances used lose their semantic and referential “basis”, so that they can no longer fully function except within the discursive universe that generated them.
Geologic Map of the Sif Mons Quadrangle (V-31), Venus

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Magellan spacecraft orbited Venus from August 10, 1990, until it plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on October 12, 1994. Magellan Mission objectives included (1) improving the knowledge of the geological processes, surface properties, and geologic history of Venus by analysis of surface radar characteristics, topography, and morphology and (2) improving the knowledge of the geophysics of Venus by analysis of Venusian gravity. The Sif Mons quadrangle of Venus includes lat 0? to 25? N. and long 330? to 0? E.; it covers an area of about 8.10 x 106 km2 (fig. 1). The data used to construct the geologic map were from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Magellan Mission. The area is also covered by Arecibo images, which were also consulted (Campbell and Campbell, 1990; Campbell and others, 1989). Data from the Soviet Venera orbiters do not cover this area. All of the SAR products were employed for geologic mapping. C1-MIDRs were used for general recognition of units and structures; F-MIDRs and F-MAPs were used for more specific examination of surface characteristics and structures. Where the highest resolution was required or some image processing was necessary to solve a particular mapping problem, the images were examined using the digital data on CD-ROMs. In cycle 1, the SAR incidence angles for images obtained for the Sif Mons quadrangle ranged from 44? to 46?; in cycle 3, they were between 25? and 26?. We use the term 'high backscatter' of a material unit to imply a rough surface texture at the wavelength scale used by Magellan SAR. Conversely, 'low backscatter' implies a smooth surface. In addition, altimetric, radiometric, and rms slope data were superposed on SAR images. Figure 2 shows altimetry data; figure 3 shows images of ancillary data for the quadrangle; and figure 4 shows backscatter coefficient for selected units. The interpretation of these data was discussed by Ford and others (1989, 1993). For corrected backscatter and numerical ancillary data see tables 1 and 2; these data allow comparison with units at different latitudes on the planet, where the visual appearance may differ because of a different incidence angle. Synthetic stereo images, produced by overlaying SAR images and altimetric data, were of great value in interpreting structures and stratigraphic relations.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Project- Based Learning (PjBL) pada Materi Ekosistem Kelas X SMA 42 Jakarta

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The student’s interest in learning needs to be encouraged through the presence of interactive, enjoyable teaching materials that help students achieve good learning outcomes and processes. Therefore, researchers innovatively developed Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on project- based learning (PjBL). The research aims to determine the feasibility of PjBL-based LKPD based on the assessment of experts (content, media, language) and student responses. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with its ten working steps. The results of the expert assessment on the content of PjBL-based LKPD obtained a score of 82.03% “Very Feasible,” media experts 86.5% “Very Feasible,” and language experts 83% “Very Feasible,” as well as student responses of 53% “sufficiently positive." It can be concluded that the development of project-based LKPD encourages students to learn biology actively,especially the ecosystem material.
Evaluation of Point-to-Point Reaching Performance in Mixed Reality and Virtual Reality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent immersive mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) displays enable users to use their hands to interact with both veridical and virtual environments simultaneously. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the performance of human hand-reaching movement in MR. Studies have shown that different virtual environment visualization modalities can affect point-to-point reaching performance using a stylus, but it is not yet known if these effects translate to direct human-hand interactions in mixed reality. This paper focuses on evaluating human point-to-point motor performance in MR and VR for both finger-pointing and cup-placement tasks. Six performance measures relevant to haptic interface design were measured for both tasks under several different visualization conditions (“MR with indicator,” “MR without indicator,” and “VR”) to determine what factors contribute to hand-reaching performance. A key finding was evidence of a trade-off between reaching “motion confidence” measures (indicated by throughput, number of corrective movements, and peak velocity) and “accuracy” measures (indicated by end-point error and initial movement error). Specifically, we observed that participants tended to be more confident in the “MR without Indicator” condition for finger-pointing tasks. These results contribute critical knowledge to inform the design of VR/MR interfaces based on the application's user performance requirements.
In the Best Interests of the Child? Regulating Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Well-Being of Offspring in Three Australian States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we look at the regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) from the perspectives of service providers and regulators in three Australian states, each with a different approach to regulating ART. We explore how the interests of the child were considered in the development of recent legislative changes, namely, the establishment of central donor registers and changes to eligibility criteria for accessing ART. From participants' perspectives, abolishing donor anonymity is considered to be a key way in which the interest of the child can be preserved through legislation. The imposition of eligibility criteria on who can access ART is considered more controversial. We suggest that the welfare of the child principle is used to justify restrictions to ART access that are politically expedient. In fact, the disparate range of approaches to the regulation of ART in Australia provides the potential for the welfare of the child to be undermined.
Response of different organic mulch treatments on yield and quality of Camellia oleifera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Uneven seasonal rainfall results in insufficient water supply and low yelds of Camellia oleifera growing in mountainous and hilly areas without irrigation conditions. To assess the effectiveness of mulching on the yield and quality of three cultivars of C. oleifera ('Hengdongdatao', 'Huashuo' and 'Xianglin 210') and its influence of preserving soil moisture, a field experiment was conducted in 2016 in Changning, Hunan. Mulching materials of ecological pad (T1), straw (T2), straw and ecological pad (T3), gravel (T4), sawdust (T5) and camellia shell (T6) were tested and compared with un-mulched (CK). The mulch material with the strongest cooling effect in high-temperature weather was T2. The possible reason is that the surface roughness of the mulching material is good for reflecting light. T3 was the most effective at maintaining soil moisture. The reason is that straw and ecological pad increased the thickness of the cover layer and their small pore size, thus the evaporation rate decreased. It can appropriately stable the temperature in high-temperature weather and can better maintain the soil moisture to provide adequate water for growth. T1showed soil moisture by 14.93%, 14.98%, 14.89% for three cultivars, respectively. All treatments increased yield compared to CK. T1 showed the highest yield and was higher than CK by 58%, 61% and 124% for Hengdongdatao, Huashuo, and Xianglin 210, respectively. Mulching with T1 (40.23% and 39.63%) resulted in the highest oil content ratio in 'Hengdongdatao' and 'Huashuo' and mulching with T4 (36.93%) resulted in highest oil content ratio in 'Xianglin 210'. Treatment of the 'Xianglin 210'cultivar with T1 was re-tested in 2017. In all months analyzed, related indicators measured were significantly different compared with CK. This research suggests that mulching organic material to C. oleifera hilly area is an effective measure to solve seasonal drought and increase yield when there are no irrigation conditions present.