jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Models for the determination of basic parameters of tracked feller buncher machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Models for the determination of basic parameters of tracked feller bunchers are presented. A statistical analysis has been carried out and the normal law of distribution of the main technical characteristics of the most common models of machinery has been established. Both univariate and multivariate regression equations of the main parameters of the machines have been obtained, depending on the main parameter characterizing the load transmitted from the object of labour, which is cut and packaged by the machine - load capacity.
The importance of introducing unique criteria for patient referral to hospital treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Pre-hospital assessment of the patient’s condition differs from the assessment carried out in hospital conditions. In the absence of clearly defined and accepted criteria, a number of factors, along with available medical facts, influence the decision to transport a patient to hospital. Objective: To demonstrate the necessity of introducing specific criteria for deciding which patients should be transferred from the Emergency Medical Service of the Health Center Loznica (EMS HC Loznica) to the Emergency Department of General Hospital Loznica (ED GH Loznica); to analyze the workload of emergency service. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the protocols from field interventions and ambulatory exams of the EMS HC Loznica, and by analyzing the reception protocols from the ED GH Loznica, during the time period from 1 October, 2016 to 1 March, 2017. Results: During the observed period, 14141 exams (12882 ambulatory exams and 1259 in the field) were conducted by the EMS HC Loznica. 2101 patients (14.86%) were sent to the ED GH Loznica. During the observed period, a total of 4071 patients were examined at the ED GH Loznica. The share of patients sent from the EMS in relation to the total number of patients examined at the ED was 51.61%. 826 of all the examined patients (20.29%) were hospitalized and 81 of them (1.99%) were sent to the health care institution of higher level for definitive treatment. 454 (54,96%) of the total number of patients hospitalized in the GH Loznica were sent from the EMS HC Loznica. Conclusion: The overload of emergency departments is constantly increasing. In order to make the work of all emergency services more efficient, we find it necessary to define standardized protocols for receiving calls, for conducting field interventions and ambulatory examinations, as well as for referring patients to hospital treatment.
Analysis of System Stability in Dual-Area Network Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources with Learning Method

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The most crucial requirement for any modern electrical system is stability. There have been recent reports of grid stability problems associated with the exponential increase in electrical and electronic loads. The test system chosen to evaluate system performance in the presence of renewable energy-based generation units is Kundur's Two-Area System. The current analysis examines problems that arise from the direct integration of these resources, including power stability at generator nodes in the grid system and rotor angle stability. This paper presents a comprehensive dynamic system optimisation technique with the aim of improving system stability in multiple ways. The study explores the effects on a two-area, four-machine system using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment as the platform for system design and implementation. Wind energy systems are integrated first in Area 1, without the use of a dynamic optimisation control. Area 2 incorporates a dynamic optimisation controller along with solar and wind energy systems. At crucial bus points in the power system, the suggested control mechanism efficiently stabilises rotor angles and power generation.
Functional Characteristics of the Continent Ileocecal Urinary Reservoir: Mechanisms of Urinary Continence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated urodynamically 14 patients with a continent ileocecal urinary reservoir. Reservoirs were constructed of detubularized right colon alone (4 patients), or augmented with ileum (2) or with a U-shaped ileal patch (8). All reservoirs were placed in the abdomen and used plicated terminal ileum as the efferent continence mechanism. Twelve patients are completely continent with intermittent catheterization at 4 to 8-hour intervals. Two patients suffer mild nighttime incontinence. Mean reservoir volume was 675 ml. Intermittent intestinal contractions were noted in the plicated ileal segment and reservoir but they occurred more frequently in the former and were either synchronous with or preceded those in the reservoir. Mean and maximal contraction pressures were 24 and 47 cm. water, respectively, in the reservoir and 40 and 151 cm. water, respectively, in the plicated ileal segment (p equals 0.043 and less than 0.001, respectively). The highest reservoir contractions occurred in the 2 patients with nocturnal incontinence. The method of construction bore no consistent correlation with mean or maximal contraction pressures, contraction frequency or continence. Careful urodynamic assessment suggests that the ileocecal urinary reservoir is a relatively low pressure, nonrefluxing and continent bladder substitute. The plicated terminal ileal segment acts as an effective sphincter that responds to pressure elevations in the reservoir. Its simple construction and easy catheterization make it an attractive alternative to intussuscepted ileal segments.
Extracellular enzyme activity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and their pathogenicity potential as a bio-control agent against whitefly pests, Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study was aimed to assess the enzymatic activity and pathogenicity potential of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against whiteflies in Ethiopia. Results The data showed that Beauveria bassiana AAUMB-29, AAUMFB-77, and AAUEB-59 generated the highest chitinase (EI = 3.41), lipase (EI = 4.45), and protease activities (EI = 5.44) respectively. The pathogenicity study of isolates on whitefly nymphs and adults indicated significant variation (P < 0.05) with mortality ranging from 71.67 to 98.33% and 60 to 100% against Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum nymphs respectively. The mortality of adults was between 58 and 94.27% against B. tabaci and 59.03 to 95.37% against T.vaporariorum. The result also showed that AAUMB-29, AAUMFB-77, and AAUDM-43 were the most virulent with LC 50 values of 2.7 × 10 4 , 5.3 × 10 4 , and 5.4 × 10 4 conidia/ml against nymphs of B. tabaci , and with LC 50 values 6.8 × 10 4 , 8.2 × 10 4 , and 7.2 × 10 4 conidia/ml against nymphs of T. vaporariorum , respectively. The B. bassiana AAUMB-29, B. bassiana AAUMFB-77, and M. anisopliae AAUDM-43 induced the highest whitefly mortality than other isolates. These isolates can be recommended for further tests under field conditions to fully realize their potential as effective biocontrol agents against whitefly pests in tomato.
Platelet to White Blood Cell Ratio (PWR) to Predict Mortality in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure of Cirrhosis Patient: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Liver cirrhosis (LC) is still being important public health concern, due to the rising of global incidence and mortality. There is risk progression in LC patients to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients with high incidence of complication and high short-term mortality rate. It needs rapid and simpler predictor to immediate and accurate triage of the patient. The aim of this study is to review systematically the role of PWR to predict the mortality in ACLF cirrhosis patient.Method: This systematic review study was identified by searching Pub-Med, Cochrane library, and EMBASE database (2016-2022). Only observational studies were included. ACLF patient was selected as the main subject in each study, and PWR was added as short-term mortality predictor. The Cochran seven step model was used to perform the review.Results: Six cohort retrospective studies met inclusion criteria, including total 1,348 patient ACLF. Half of studies included had high level of evidence. The non-survivor ACLF patient had significantly lower PWR values than survivor. The range of HR of PWR to predict mortality in ACLF was 0.665-0.995, with p value 0.0001. Whereas the cutoff range of PWR value to predict non survivor in ACLF patient was 7.83-14.2.Conclusion: PWR had a predictive efficacy, similar to CLIF-SOFA and MELD score in terms of predicting short-term mortality in ACLF patients. PWR showed significantly independent risk factor of short term mortality in ACLF cirrhotic patient.
Ion exchange technique (IET) to characterise Ag+ exposure in soil extracts contaminated with engineered silver nanoparticles

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental context Biosolid-amended soils are likely sinks for manufactured silver nanoparticles, the environmental toxicity of which is believed to be related to the release and accumulation of Ag+ ions. This study demonstrates how an ion exchange technique can be applied to soil extracts to provide Ag+ measurements at low, environmentally relevant levels. The technique is a valuable addition to existing analytical methods for tracking the behaviour of Ag nanoparticles and Ag+ ions in the terrestrial environment. Abstract The lack of silver speciation exposure data in toxicity studies investigating the effects of manufactured silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in natural soil media limits the ability to discern nano-specific effects from effects of the toxic Ag+ form, which may be released from the manufactured AgNPs contained in wastewater, biosolids or soil environment. Using samples containing Ag+ or mixtures of Ag+ and AgNPs, ranging in total Ag concentrations of 10–5 to 10–9 M, and prepared in de-ionised water and filtered soil extracts, the validity of the ion exchange technique (IET) to quantify Ag+ was investigated by comparing measurements to those of an Ag+ ion selective electrode (ISE) and to the dissolved fraction from single particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) analysis (SP-dissolved). When analysing samples in the filtered soil extract, IET and ISE gave comparable results down to 10–7 M, below which Ag+ activities were below the ISE detection limit. For water samples, SP-dissolved values were generally comparable or slightly greater (on average 65 %) compared with IET-Ag+ at all concentrations. The high bias was likely due to inclusion of unresolved particles below the SP-ICP detection limit of 19 nm. However, when analysing samples in the soil extract, SP-dissolved values were on average eight-fold greater than IET-Ag+, highlighting the effect that natural colloidal and dissolved soil constituents have on complexing Ag+, as well as the lack of specificity of the SP-dissolved analysis for the Ag+ species. IET is shown here to be a valid procedure to quantify Ag+ activity in soil extracts, and while the study highlights the limitations of using the SP-dissolved fraction to estimate this biologically relevant Ag fraction, it shows that combined, IET and SP-ICP-MS provide a valuable approach for investigating the behaviour of manufactured AgNPs in different matrixes.
iDHSs-PseTNC: Identifying DNase I Hypersensitive Sites with Pseuo Trinucleotide Component by Deep Sparse Auto-encoder

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are important signs of DNA regulatory regions. Their identification in DNA sequences is significant for both the biomedical research and the discovery of new drugs. The existing experimental methods to achieve this, however, are timeconsuming and laborious, so new computational means are called for. Method: To meet this end, a novel predictive model, called iDHSs-PseTNC, was constructed by integrating the sequence-order information and the physicochemical properties of trinucleotides into the pseudo trinucleotide composition (PseTNC). In the model, the deep sparse auto-encoder was used for reconstructing the input to get a good representative of the input characteristic, and a softmax classifier was added to the top of the auto-encoder coding layer. The deep sparse auto-encoder model obtained the best classification result with each member of the training set correctly classified. Five-fold crossvalidation test results indicated that the new predictor remarkably outperformed the existing prediction methods for the same purpose. Results: In this paper, the ACC rate of iDHSs-PseTNC is slightly (0.3%) lower than that of iDHS-EL constructed by Liu et al., its MCC rate is 3.45% higher than that of iDHS-EL. And the predictor iDHSs-PseTNC achieves the highest successful rates in both Pt and Py among the existing predictors. In order to facilitate the direct derivation of the needed results by experimental scholars, an easy-to-use web-server for identifying DHSs has been established for free access at: http://www.jcibioinfo. cn/iDHSs-PseTNC, which allows for fast and accurate computation. Conclusion: The timely identification of the DHSs in DNA sequence is significant for the intensive study on DNA function and the development of new drugs. In this article, we proposed a novel method for predicting the DHSs of DNA by incorporating physicochemical properties of trinucleotides into pseudo trinucleotide composition via deep sparse auto-encoder. The results were promising enough for our predictor to be used as an analytic solution to more genomic problems. Keywords: Dnase I hypersensitive sites, pseudo trinucleotide composition, deep sparse auto-encoder, webserver, five-fold cross-validation, DNA sequence.
Sentencing Policies and Practices in Minnesota

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay evaluates the origins, purposes, operation, and evolution of Minnesota’s sentencing guidelines system, implemented in 1980. Topics examined include key guidelines provisions, related statutes, charging and sentencing practices, departure rates, interpretive case law, and correctional populations. The essay concludes that the goals of this pioneering sentencing reform have largely been achieved: punishments have become more uniform and proportionate; policy formulation is more comprehensive and informed by data; sentencing has been coordinated with available correctional resources to avoid prison overcrowding and set priorities in the use of prison beds; there is a greater degree of “truth in sentencing;” prison sentences are used relatively sparingly; and the guidelines remain fairly simple to understand and apply. Minnesota has also achieved a sustainable balance between conflicting sentencing purposes, between uniformity versus flexibility, and in the powers of the sentencing commission, the legislature, courts, and practitioners to control sentencing policy and case outcomes.
The role of the clinical laboratory in the detection and monitoring of acute kidney injury

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common syndrome presenting in multiple clinical settings and is frequently associated with serious short and long term adverse outcomes, which not only have impact on the patient but also on the health service increasing hospitalisation time and the costs related to the treatment. Early diagnosis and identification of the aetiology are essential for the management of the patients. During the last ten years, significant advances have been made towards the definition of this syndrome. The current consensus definitions of AKI include both changes in serum creatinine concentration and urine output. Although proposal have been made for the inclusion of novel biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of AKI as independent diagnostic markers these are not currently included in these definitions. In this review we will focus on these definitions and we will try to highlight their strengths and limitations in diagnosis and staging of AKI. Moreover, we will try to highlight the contribution of the clinical laboratory in AKI diagnosis in both the clinical and research settings.
Suprascapular neuropathy in a collegiate pitcher.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A healthy, 20-year-old, highly competitive collegiate baseball pitcher developed vague pain and soreness in the dominant posterior shoulder with live pitching. The symptoms intensified, and, after a particularly poor starting performance, the athlete presented for physical examination. Examination revealed visible atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle and decreased strength in external rotation and abduction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was inconclusive. Electromyographic examination revealed decreased suprascapular nerve conduction to the infraspinatus muscle. Our diagnosis was entrapment neuropathy from traction on the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch, causing delayed conduction to the infraspinatus muscle. We took a conservative approach of shoulder rehabilitation and activity modification, which resulted in the athlete returning to a highly competitive level without further problems, despite the remaining atrophy and muscle weakness. Examination of injuries to the shoulder complex, especially in athletes involved in repetitive overhead motions, should take suprascapular neuropathy into consideration.
Security Key Indicators Assessment for Modern Cellular Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper contains approach to security key indicators assessment in modern cellular networks. To improve the security of cellular networks it is necessary first to analyze the existing protection level and create a solution that will improve data transmission security. The current assessment tools do not separate key quality and performance indicators for specific services provided by mobile operators. It limits the ability to control the security of the provided services and cellular networks modernization. Based on the key quality and performance indicators methodology the summary table that contains formulas for calculating these indicators was developed and presented. This table provides more flexibility to assess the security of provided services and highlight the main issues based on statistical data gathered from specific users. Overall, this method allows continuous control over network information security and alerts about security violation in the network.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that opens up the sinus air cells and the sinus ostia with an endoscope. The use of FESS as a sinus surgical method has now become widely accepted and the term functional is meant to distinguish this type of endoscopic surgery from the nonendoscopic more conventional sinus procedure. Functional Endoscopic sninus surgery is being done regularly at TU Teaching Hospital from 2003. Total number of cases done from March 2003 till December 2005 were 94. Maximum number of FESS was done for nasal polyps, which was carried out in 80 patients, out of which, FESS for ethmoidal polyp was done in 47 patients and for antrochoanal polyps in 33 patients. Other conditions where FESS was carried out were chronic maxillary sinusitis in 8 patients, fungal sinusitis in 5 patients, and endoscopic medial maxillectomy for inverted papilloma in 1 patient. Key Words: FESS, operative procedure, complication, endoscopic after care.
The Determination of Sulfanilamide and Related Compounds in Body Fluids by a Simple, Rapid Method*

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Determination of Sulfanilamide and Related Compounds in Body Fluids by a Simple, Rapid Method* Get access Raymond W. Monto Raymond W. Monto From the Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 11, Issue ts5_6, November 1941, Pages 165–167, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/11.6_ts.165 Published: 01 November 1941 Article history Received: 10 December 1940 Published: 01 November 1941
Lessons from Paraguay’s 14,000 MW Itaipu Project vis-à-vis Nepal’s 6,720 MW Pancheshwar Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

If due diligence is not undertaken on the ambiguities prevailing in the Mahakali Treaty and Letters of Exchange of 1996, then Nepal may well end up in a ‘no option trap’ like Paraguay on her 14,000 MW Itaipu, a bi-national hydropower project with Brazil. Twenty-five years after the commissioning of Itaipu, Paraguay is still battling with Brazil on such elementary but vital issues like fair energy price, third party access, parity in project management, etc. Nepal could and should learn lessons from Paraguay’s Itaipu experiences. While Itaipu is primarily a hydropower project, Pancheshwar encompasses wider multipurpose applications. This article, however, limits itself only to the hydropower component of the two projects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7098 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 20-23
Credit and Money in a Search Model with Divisible Commodities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the competition between money and credit in a search model with divisible commodities. It is shown that flat money can be valuable even though it yields a lower rate of return than the coexisting credit. The competition between money and credit increases efficiency. The monetary equilibrium with credit Pareto dominates the monetary equilibrium without credit whenever the two coexist. When a credit is repaid with money, the competition also bounds the purchasing power of money from below by that of credit. In so doing it eliminates the weak monetary equilibrium found in previous search models. With numerical examples, we rank three different monetary equilibria and examine the properties of the interest rate.
Human meningiomas: immunohistochemical localization of progesterone receptor and heat shock protein 27 and absence of estrogen receptor and PS2.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 64 human meningiomas of various histologic types were immunostained using a streptavidin-peroxidase method and monoclonal antibodies for estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) and hormone-induced proteins PS2 and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). The immunohistochemical analysis was scored in a semiquantitative fashion incorporating both the intensity and distribution of specific staining (score). Strong PgR nuclear immunoreactivity (mean score, 54.2) was observed in 51 of 64 meningiomas (80%). Meningiomas with atypical features were negative for PgR. Low Hsp27 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity (mean score, 9.8)--irrespective of histologic type--was observed in 26 of 64 meningiomas (40%). Whor1 formations in transitional meningiomas were Hsp27-positive. Hsp27 immunoreactivity was observed in tumor blood vessels. All neoplasms were negative for ER and PS2. Normal arachnoid tissue was positive for PgR and negative for ER, PS2, and Hsp27. Compared with previously reported data on gliomas, the results of this study indicate that meningiomas show a clear out difference concerning the expression of PgR and Hsp27.