jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ASEAN-5 Monetary Integration: The G-PPP and Gravity Models Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic integration has become an important issue for ASEAN countries. ASEAN Charter was formed in 2008 as the basis of the implementation of the ASEAN free trade area in 2015. This leads to the readiness of the ASEAN 5 to implement economic integration. According to the optimum currency area (OCA) theory, the economic integration does not ignore the similarity of monetary transmission mechanism and financial market performance. This thesis assesses the implementation of economic integration in ASEAN 5 especially viewed from the point of the monetary transmission mechanism and financial market performance. There are four objectives of this thesis, (1) evaluating the feasibility of ASEAN 5 countries to implement the optimum currency area using generalized purchasing power parity (G-PPP) model, (2) estimating the monetary transmission mechanism pattern on ASEAN 5 countries using monetary condition index (MCI), (3) estimating the financial market performance pattern on ASEAN 5 countries using the financial condition index (FCI), and (4) analyzing the effect of monetary transmission mechanism (MCI) and financial market performance (FCI) on ASEAN 5 economic integration using gravity model. Several techniques are employed in the analysis. Johansen cointegration techniques are used to estimate the G-PPP model. The results show that the G-PPP hold, which means that the OCA can be applied in ASEAN 5. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is employed to determine the weights of MCI and FCI. The MCI explores interest rate and exchange rate channels on monetary transmission. The result exhibits that Indonesia and Thailand have similar pattern of monetary transmission with the interest rate exerts stronger influence than the exchange rate channel. While in Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore the effect of exchange rate is more dominance than interest rate. The FCI explores money, exchange rate, credit, and stock market. The results show that Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia have similar pattern of financial market condition with foreign exchange rate market exert stronger influence than the other markets. In the Philippines the money market is more dominance than other markets, while Singapore is dominated by credit and stock market. Static and dynamic panel data analyses are employed in the gravity model. The Gravity model explores the international trading relationships among countries. The core properties of gravity model are export, GDP, GDP/capita and inter countries distance. Dummy variables represent common language, land border, and augmented the indexed variables which consist of MCI and FCI. The results indicate that MCI and FCI could support the possibility of ASEAN 5 economic integration. The finding is in accordance with the theory that states if the OCA is adopted, then the monetary policy will be ineffective. Instead, financial condition will support economic integration.
Sci‐Fri AM: Quality, Safety, and Professional Issues 07: Global Medical Physics Efforts: Closing the Gap

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: There is an increasing awareness of the disparity in Medical Physics needs between high income countries (HICs) and low‐to‐middle income countries (LMICs). This is especially evident with the growing incidence of cancer in LMICs. Projections from the recent Lancet Oncology Commission on Expanding Global Access to Radiotherapy indicate that an additional 22,000 Medical Physicists will be required by 2035 to provide uniform access to radiation therapy globally. This paper addresses possibilities and challenges associated with closing the Medical Physics gap between HICs and LMICs. Methods: Medical Physics and Oncology related organizations involved in providing support to enhance cancer therapy in LMICs were reviewed, especially as related to education, training and human resource development. Results: More than 35 organizations involved in addressing the cancer crisis in LMICs were found. Of these, 16 involve Medical Physics activities, with 7 being specific Medical Physics‐related organizations. Ten of the 16 are involved in some LMIC activities with 6 having a major emphasis on LMIC contexts. Conclusions: The development of Medical Physics human resource capacity is a major challenge for LMICs. Fifty‐five countries have no radiation therapy capabilities and by implication no capacity to train Medical Physicists. Overt attention with structured and altruistic actions by HIC contexts will help make inroads into the LMIC needs. Clear options throughout career structures in support of global health considerations combined with strong partnerships between interested parties in HICs and LMICs will enhance the development of safe and resource‐appropriate strategies for advancing Medical Physics capabilities.
If these blackboards could talk 2: The Fem‐Crit classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, I explain how I came to redefine my teaching philosophy as Fem‐Crit to ensure that I train students in gender‐conscious lawyering. First, I discuss how even though Crits' and Feminists' pedagogical approaches focus on breaking down hierarchies in the law, Crit pedagogies can remain male‐constructed and privileged, especially for cis‐man professors like myself. Recognizing these shortcomings, I highlight the importance of labeling my teaching as Fem‐Crit as a self‐accountability measure. Departing from this understanding, I revisit my conclusion from a previous article that the law school classroom should be a battlefield and recognize that a Fem‐Crit formulation of the classroom encompasses more than conflict and it also includes meeting conflict with anti‐subordination responses. I follow with my reflections on the challenges, methods, and experiences in socializing students to become Fem‐Crit lawyers. In that part, I discuss how each of the tenets that I had previously identified as core components of a Crit classroom should look for a Fem‐Crit professor. I conclude my reflection by sharing how Fem‐Crit pedagogy has led me to believe that this didactic practice ultimately entails bringing activism into the classroom and the classroom into activism.
[Type 1 carcinoids and ECL-cell hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carcinoids develop from neuroendocrine cells. These cells share the same origin from ancestor stem cells in the regenerative zone of the gut. There are a few types of neuroendocrine cells in the stomach, mainly: G cells (antrum), D cells (corpus and antrum), ECL cells (corpus and fundus), D1 cells, EC cells, P cells and X cells. Each type of the endocrine cell is able to a tumor formation, but the gastric carcinoids are most likely to derive from ECL cells. The dominant type of cells of the corpus and fundus mucosa are the ECL cells. They constitute up to 30-40% of the neuroendocrine cells of the stomach and release histamine which is responsible for parietal cells stimulation. Hypergastrinemia predisposes ECL cells to proliferation. There is a continuity of changes ranging from simple hyperplasia to ECL cells carcinoids (often multiple). Among three types of gastric carcinoids, type three is aggressive and highly malignant, while type one is the most common but of low malignant potential. This publication presents 7 patients with extensive ECL cells hyperplasia and type 1 gastric carcinoids. The endocrine cells and carcinoids were visualized with the immunohistochemical reaction to chromogranin A. Prolonged, lasting several years observations of some of the patients under study confirm the indolent character of the disease. Individual, type-adapted, conservative treatment is sufficient.
Further consideration of the role of socio-economic status in memory performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In his commentary, Richardson criticizes the analysis of the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and memory performance as presented by Herrmann and Guadagno (1997). Richardson's criticism addresses Herrmann and Guadagno's procedures for classifying economic backgrounds of subjects and the statistics they used to analyze the effects of SES and memory. We believe that all of these points are worth considering but suggest that it is too early in this research area to definitively settle on either (a) the best procedure for classifying SES or (b) the most effective statistical method for post-hoc analysis of memory data. The underlying issues are too complex and the number of investigations too few to argue that one procedure or method is right and the other wrong. Alternatively, Richardson's commentary agrees with ours in two important ways. Richardson's article and ours both assert that economic background is clearly a relevant variable in explaining memory performance. In addition, both articles recommend that memory and cognitive researchers take account of economic well being in future memory research. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Study of Spin Crossover in 30 Iron Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Iron complexes are important spin crossover (SCO) systems with vital roles in oxidative metabolism and promising technological potential. The SCO tendency depends on the free energy balance of high- and low-spin states, which again depends on physical effects such as dispersion, relativistic effects, and vibrational entropy. This work studied 30 different iron SCO systems with experimentally known thermochemical data, using 12 different density functionals. Remarkably general entropy-enthalpy compensation across SCO systems was identified (R = 0.82, p = 0.002) that should be considered in rational SCO design. Iron(II) complexes displayed higher ΔH and ΔS values than iron(III) complexes and also less steep compensation effects. First-coordination sphere ΔS values computed from numerical frequencies reproduce most of the experimental entropy and should thus be included when modeling spin-state changes in inorganic chemistry (R = 0.52, p = 3.4 × 10(-3); standard error in TΔS ≈ 4.4 kJ/mol at 298 K vs 16 kJ/mol of total TΔS on average). Zero-point energies favored high-spin states by 9 kJ/mol on average. Interestingly, dispersion effects are surprisingly large for the SCO process (average: 9 kJ/mol, but up to 33 kJ/mol) and favor the more compact low-spin state. Relativistic effects favor low-spin by ∼9 kJ/mol on average, but up to 24 kJ/mol. B3LYP*, TPSSh, B2PLYP, and PW6B95 performed best for the typical calculation scheme that includes ZPE. However, if relativistic and dispersion effects are included, only B3LYP* remained accurate. On average, high-spin was favored by LYP by 11-15 kJ/mol relative to other correlation functionals, and by 4.2 kJ/mol per 1% HF exchange in hybrids. 13% HF exchange was optimal without dispersion, and 15% was optimal with all effects included for these systems.
Spectrophotometric determination of ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate (ferbam) in formulations, grain and apples using 1, 10‐phenanthroline

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A procedure has been developed for the determination of ferbam (ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate) by converting it into ferbam‐phenanthroline complex, which is dissolved in acetone + water (1 + 1 by volume), and the absorbance measured at 490 nm against a reagent blank. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0–8–20‐0 mg litre −1 in the final solution. The method is sensitive, selective and can be used for the direct determination of ferbam in commercial samples, in mixtures with various other dithiocarbamates (ziram, zineb, maneb, etc.) and from grains (rice and wheat) and apples. The limit of determination from foodstuffs is 0–4 mg kg −1 .
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 11 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Sesamum radiatum", "Country is Malaysia", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 11 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0007610-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Convalescent plasma therapy for coronavirus infection: experience from MERS and application in COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a very large number of infections and high number of mortality. There is no specific therapeutic options that are approved for clinical use. Administration of convalescent plasma as a possible therapy was used in the case of viral pneumonia including SARS and influenza. There have been multiple studies of COVID-19 patients utilizing convalescent plasma. These studies employed different dosage levels and different regiments, were observational and lacked control arms, and had variable outcomes. Two of these studies used plasma with anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers of >1:640 to >1:1000. A recent randomized controlled clinical trial showed no benefit of convalescent plasma in patients with severe diseases. However, the study was terminated early and thus further clinical trials are needed to show efficacy in patients with COVID-19 infection.
The FASEB Journal • Review Hematopoietic stem cell trafficking in liver injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

cells (HSCs) have been shown to facilitate regeneration in multiple nonhematopoietic tissues by either generating epithelial cells or altering the inflammatory response. Depending on injury type, the predominant mechanism of epithelial lineage regeneration occurs by spontaneous cell fusion or transdifferentiation. Irrespective of the mechanism, mobilization from the BM is a prerequisite. Mechanisms by which HSCs mobilize into damaged organs are currently under scrutiny. Murine and human studies have shown that the chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 participate in the mobilization of HSCs from BM and in the migration of HSCs to injured liver. SDF-1 is a potent HSC chemoattractant and is produced by the liver. Production is increased during liver injury leading to increased HSC migration to the liver, a finding diminished by neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Additional factors have been implicated in the control of hepatic migration of HSCs such as IL-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and MMP-9. Matriceal remodeling is an essential component in HSC engraftment, and MMP-9 expression is increased in liver injury. This review focuses on the complex interaction of chemokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix factors required for successful migration and engraftment of HSCs into the
Heilmann on 'The Origin of Birds' The Origin of Birds Gerhard Heilmann

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

originally coincident, and through changed conditions have diverged, forcing migration from one to the other.The climatic changes of the glacial epochs and the extension of range of species have been suggested as primary influences to this end, while the suggestion has also been made that migration may have arisen suddenly from abrupt movements such as still occur in certain species today.All of these theories are, however, in Dr. Thomson's opinion, beset with difficulties and they-do not explain the nature of the inborn custom nor the manner of its inheritance.
Metabolomic and Signaling Programs Induced by Immobilized\nversus Soluble IFN γ in Neural Stem Cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neural\nstem cells (NSCs) provide a strategy to replace damaged\nneurons following traumatic central nervous system injuries. A major\nhurdle to translation of this therapy is that direct application of\nNSCs to CNS injury does not support sufficient neurogenesis due to\nlack of proper cues. To provide prolonged spatial cues to NSCs IFN-γ\nwas immobilized to biomimetic hydrogel substrate to supply physical\nand biochemical signals to instruct the encapsulated NSCs to be neurogenic.\nHowever, the immobilization of factors, including IFN-γ, versus\nsoluble delivery of the same factor, has been incompletely characterized\nespecially with respect to activation of signaling and metabolism\nin cells over longer time points. In this study, protein and metabolite\nchanges in NSCs induced by immobilized versus soluble IFN-γ\nat 7 days were evaluated. Soluble IFN-γ, refreshed daily over\n7 days, elicited stronger responses in NSCs compared to immobilized\nIFN-γ, indicating that immobilization may not sustain signaling\nor has altered ligand/receptor interaction and integrity. However,\nboth IFN-γ delivery types supported increased βIII tubulin\nexpression in parallel with canonical and noncanonical receptor-signaling\ncompared to no IFN-γ. Global metabolomics and pathway analysis\nrevealed that soluble and immobilized IFN-γ altered metabolic\npathway activities including energy, lipid, and amino acid synthesis,\nwith soluble IFN-γ having the greatest metabolic impact overall.\nFinally, soluble and immobilized IFN-γ support mitochondrial\nvoltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) expression that correlates\nto differentiated NSCs. This work utilizes new methods to evaluate\ncell responses to protein delivery and provides insight into mode\nof action that can be harnessed to improve regenerative medicine-based\nstrategies.
Seed dispersal in changing landscapes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A growing understanding of the ecology of seed dispersal has so far had little influence on conservation practice, while the needs of conservation practice have had little influence on seed dispersal research. Yet seed dispersal interacts decisively with the major drivers of biodiversity change in the 21st century: habitat fragmentation, overharvesting, biological invasions, and climate change. We synthesize current knowledge of the effects these drivers have on seed dispersal to identify research gaps and to show how this information can be used to improve conservation management. The drivers, either individually, or in combination, have changed the quantity, species composition, and spatial pattern of dispersed seeds in the majority of ecosystems worldwide, with inevitable consequences for species survival in a rapidly changing world. The natural history of seed dispersal is now well-understood in a range of landscapes worldwide. Only a few generalizations that have emerged are directly applicable to conservation management, however, because they are frequently confounded by site-specific and species-specific variation. Potentially synergistic interactions between disturbances are likely to exacerbate the negative impacts, but these are rarely investigated. We recommend that the conservation status of functionally unique dispersers be revised and that the conservation target for key seed dispersers should be a population size that maintains their ecological function, rather than merely the minimum viable population. Based on our analysis of conservation needs, seed dispersal research should be carried out at larger spatial scales in heterogenous landscapes, examining the simultaneous impacts of multiple drivers on community-wide seed dispersal networks.
Who's Leading Nursing?

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

I am a strong supporter of the proposed Office of the National Nurse. Nurses represent the largest percentage of health professionals, with demands growing along with innovations in technology, research, and clinical practice.1 Health policy legislation enacted in California last year, for example, adds tremendous pressure to fulfill nurse staffing ratios.2 We need congressional support to educate a substantial workforce and adequately staff facilities and schools of nursing. Nurses must educate and work with their members of Congress. Funding and legislation are needed to develop long-term strategies on how to make the nursing workforce sustainable. Only with innovation and political support will it be possible to adequately respond to societal demands that nurses provide greater leadership and take on new responsibilities in clinical, educational, and research roles.3 Nurses must lead these efforts, and the Office of the National Nurse would provide a platform for designing and executing them. Joachim Voss, PhD, RN Seattle
Foresight-Informed Agile For Resilient Product Strategy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Agile is today’s dominant operational framework in software product development due to its effectiveness at helping teams overcome dynamic and uncertain conditions. As external uncertainties increase, some organizations are also adopting Agile as a strategic approach. However, we hypothesize that while Agile contributes to adaptability, it is insufficient for an organization to be resilient against major disruptions. \nThis research project studies the relationship between Agile software development and the strategic resilience of small-to-medium-sized organizations in Ontario, Canada. Using a mix of surveys and interviews with product leaders, we found that many teams’ strategic capability to be resilient is limited due to Agile’s narrow attention and short-term focus, encouraging teams to be reactive rather than proactive. \n \nWe designed the Resilient Product Strategy Toolkit, which integrates proven Strategic Foresight practices with existing Agile and product management processes to help teams broaden their attention and increase their capability to manage uncertainty. This research design contributes to the plausibility of combining Agile and Strategic Foresight as an ambidextrous approach to enhance an organization’s strategic resilience.
Conversion of Zernike aberration coefficients to Seidel and higher-order power-series aberration coefficients

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This Letter describes the derivation of a matrix equation that can be used to determine the Seidel and higher-order power-series aberration coefficients from an aberration function expressed in terms of Zernike coefficients. The elements of the conversion matrix are given in analytic form, and the first 195 nonzero elements are given in a table. Two examples of the use of the conversion formula are presented.
The association of lipoproteins subfractions with coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the association of lipoproteins subfractions with coronary heart disease(CHD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods The subfractions of lipoproteins were determined by ultracentrifugation and high-performance liquid chromatography in 84 T2DM patients,including!29 with CHD.The relationship between the subfractions and CHD was investigated.Results The frequencies of older age and hypertension were more common in patients with CHD than without CHD(P0.01 and P0.05 respectively).The levels of LDL and its subfractions trend to be higher and the level of HDL and its subfractions trend to be lower in group of T2DM with CHD,but the differences were not significant(P0.05).After adjusting the age,sex and hypertension,CHD is negatively correlated with HDL and HDL2,(r=-0.3499 and r=-0.3586,respectively,all P0.005).TG is positively correlated with LDLb(r=0.3368,P=0.002),negatively correlated with HDL,HDL2,HDL3 and LDLa(r=-0.3681,P=0.001;r=-0.3575,P=0.001;r=-0.2978,P=0.008;r=-0.2496,P=0.030 respectively).With logistic stepwise regression analysis,older age and low serum level of HDL2 were identified as significant and independent risk factors for CHD in T2DM(t=5.700,P=0.000 and t=-3.169,P=0.002 respectively).Conclusion The protective role of total HDL against CHD might be mediated through HDL2 fraction.Therefore,HDL2 probably is a better predictor of CHD protective factor than total HDL in type 2 diabetes mellitus.