jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pre‐treatment and utilization of raw glycerol from sunflower oil biodiesel for growth and 1,3‐propanediol production by Clostridium butyricum

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of the present work is to report an efficient pre‐treatment process for sunflower oil biodiesel raw glycerol (SOB‐RG) and its fermentation to 1,3‐propanediol. RESULTS: The growth inhibition percentages of Clostridium butyricum DSM 5431 on grade A (pH 4.0) and grade B (pH 5.0) phosphoric acid‐treated SOB‐RG were similar to those of pure glycerol at 20 g glycerol L −1 ; i.e., 18.5 ± 0.707% to 20.5 ± 0.7% inhibition. In grade A, growth inhibition was reduced from 85.25 ± 0.35% to 32 ± 1.4% (a 53.25% reduction) at 40 g glycerol L −1 by washing grade A raw glycerol twice with n‐hexanol (grade A‐2). The kinetic parameters for product formation and substrate consumption in anaerobic batch cultures gave almost similar values at 20 g glycerol L −1 , while at 50 g glycerol L −1 volumetric productivity ( Q p ) and specific rate of 1,3‐propanediol formation ( q p ) were improved from 1.13 to 1.85 g L −1 h −1 and 1.60 to 2.65 g g −1 h −1 , respectively, by employing grade A‐2 raw glycerol, while the yields were similar (0.5–0.52 g g −1 ). CONCLUSION: The results are important as the pre‐treatment of SOB‐RG is necessary to develop bioprocess technologies for conversion of SOB‐RG to 1,3‐propanediol. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Explicit absolute parallelism for $2$-nondegenerate real hypersurfaces $M^5 \subset \mathbb{C}^3$ of constant Levi rank $1$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the local equivalence problem for five dimensional real hypersurfaces $M^5$ of $\mathbb{C}^3$ which are $2$-nondegenerate and of constant Levi rank $1$ under biholomorphisms. We find two invariants, $J$ and $W$, which are expressed explicitly in terms of the graphing function $F$ of $M$, the annulation of which give a necessary and sufficient condition for $M$ to be locally biholomorphic to a model hypersurface, the tube over the light cone. If one of the two invariants $J$ or $W$ does not vanish on $M$, we show that the equivalence problem under biholomophisms reduces to an equivalence problem between $\{e \}$-structures, that is we construct an absolute parallelism on $M$.
Dynamic and static effects on35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance due to substitutional impurities in crystalline p-dichlorobenzene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectra of p-dichlorobenzene doped with p-bromochlorobenzene and p-dibromobenzene have been studied. The measurements were carried out as a function of the concentration up to 10% of impurities and at four temperatures in the 77 K-295 K range. The impurities diminish the integrated intensity, shift the peak of the line, and increase the linewidth. The frequency of the peak varies linearly with impurity concentration, with a slope depending upon the solute molecule and the temperature. The increment of the linewidth depends on the solute molecule, but not on the temperature. The observed changes of the 35Cl NQR signal are accounted for by considering the perturbation of the electric field gradient produced by elastic distortion of the lattice, and by variations in the electric charge distribution and phonon spectra.
NF-κB Inhibitors Attenuate MCAO Induced Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress—A Reprofiling Approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. About 87% of stroke cases are ischemic, which disrupt the physiological activity of the brain, thus leading to a series of complex pathophysiological events. Despite decades of research on neuroprotectants to probe for suitable therapies against ischemic stroke, no successful results have been obtained, and new alternative approaches are urgently required in order to combat this pathological torment. To address these problems, drug repositioning/reprofiling is explored extensively. Drug repurposing aims to identify new uses for already established drugs, and this makes it an attractive commercial strategy. Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) is reported to be involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, such as neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin, cephalexin, and mycophenolate against the NF-κB in ischemic stroke, as compared to the standard NF-κB inhibitor caeffic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). An in-silico docking analysis was performed and their potential neuroprotective activities in the in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) rat model was examined. The percent (%) infarct area and 28-point composite neuro score were examined, and an immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were further performed to validate the neuroprotective role of these compounds in stroke as well as their potential as antioxidants. Our results demonstrated that these novels NF-κB inhibitors could attenuate ischemic stroke-induced neuronal toxicity by targeting NF-κB, a potential therapeutic approach in ischemic stroke.
Identification of proteins promoting development of metastatic breast tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1041 Background: Primary breast tumors are constantly shedding tumor cells into the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Although detection of occult tumor cells is a risk factor for recurrence and progression, tumor cells remain detectable years after initial diagnosis in patients without clinical or histological detection of metastasis. Thus the question remains as to why some women with circulating tumor cells develop metastatic breast cancer while others do not. Methods: Negative lymph nodes from women with node negative (n=22) and node positive disease (n=36) were obtained from patients enrolled in the Clinical Breast Care Project. Negative lymph node status was confirmed by IHC analysis. Frozen tissues were sectioned and mounted on gold coated MALDI target plates for protein expression profiling. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides were prepared from serial sections for histological characterization. MALDI matrix was deposited as individual spots on the tissue sections in a histology directed manner to assay specific areas and tissue types of interest. Mass spectral data were then acquired from multiple sites across each tissue section. Results: 131 features were observed in negative nodes from patients without metastatic disease and 129 in negative nodes from patients with lymph node metastases. While the majority of features detected were similar between the two groups, 8.5% were differentially expressed. Two of the features which were expressed at significantly higher levels in nodes from patients with metastatic disease have been putatively identified as thymosin β4 and thymosin β10. Conclusions: Thymosin β4 and 10 have been associated with disease progression and metastatic capacity in a number of tumor types. The overexpression of these proteins in tumor-negative nodes from patients with metastatic disease in other regional nodes suggests lymph nodes do not play a passive role in metastasis, rather, expression of a specific subset of proteins creates an hospitable environment to facilitate colonization. These markers of metastasis may permit molecular discrimination of those patients with indolent disease from those at risk for metastasis and will thus allow for the design of customized treatment regimens to more effectively treat, or prevent, metastatic spread. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bootstrapping Lexical and Syntactic Acquisition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on how phrasal prosody and function words may interact during early language acquisition. Experimental results show that infants have access to intermediate prosodic phrases (phonological phrases) during the first year of life, and use these to constrain lexical segmentation. These same intermediate prosodic phrases are used by adults to constrain on-line syntactic analysis. In addition, by two years of age infants can exploit function words to infer the syntactic category of unknown content words (nouns vs. verbs) and guess their plausible meaning (object vs. action). We speculate on how infants may build a partial syntactic structure by relying on both phonological phrase boundaries and function words, and present adult results that test the plausibility of this hypothesis. These results are tied together within a model of the architecture of the first stages of language processing, and their acquisition.
MicroRNA-137-mediated inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase-1 prevents against rheumatoid arthritis in an association with the REST/mTOR axis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background It has been increasingly reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. This present research was conducted to analyze the functions of miR-137 and the underlying molecular mechanism in RA progression. Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs in RA patients were analyzed using microarray-based analyses. Next, experiments involving miR-137 overexpression were performed to analyze the role of miR-137 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-RA (HFLS-RA) using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, EdU staining, Transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The function of miR-137 in inflammation was determined using ELISA. The binding relationship between miR-137 and LSD1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP test. Besides, a rat model with RA was established for in vivo experiments. Results miR-137 was downregulated in RA tissues and cells, which was negatively correlated with inflammatory factors. Upregulated miR-137 suppressed growth, migration and invasion of HFLS-RA, but promoted apoptosis. Lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) was a target of miR-137 and could be negatively regulated by miR-137. Moreover, LSD1 could activate REST through demethylation, while the REST/mTOR pathway induced levels of pro-inflammatory factors in RA. We observed the similar results in our in vivo study. Conclusion This study suggested that miR-137 reduced LSD1 expression to inhibit the activation of REST/mTOR pathway, thus preventing against inflammation and ameliorating RA development. Our research may offer new insights into treatment of RA.
Weakening Total Coloring Conjecture: Weak TCC and Hadwiger's Conjecture on Total Graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Hadwiger's conjecture is one of the most important and long-standing conjectures in graph theory. Reed and Seymour showed in 2004 that Hadwiger's conjecture is true for line graphs. We investigate this conjecture on the closely related class of total graphs. The total graph of $G$, denoted by $T(G)$, is defined on the vertex set $V(G)\sqcup E(G)$ with $c_1,c_2\in V(G)\sqcup E(G)$ adjacent whenever $c_1$ and $c_2$ are adjacent to or incident on each other in $G$. We first show that there exists a constant $C$ such that, if the connectivity of $G$ is at least $C$, then Hadwiger's conjecture is true for $T(G)$. The total chromatic number $χ"(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined to be equal to the chromatic number of its total graph. That is, $χ"(G)=χ(T(G))$. Another well-known conjecture in graph theory, the total coloring conjecture or TCC, states that for every graph $G$, $χ"(G)\leqΔ(G)+2$, where $Δ(G)$ is the maximum degree of $G$. We show that if a weaker version of the total coloring conjecture (weak TCC) namely, $χ"(G)\leqΔ(G)+3$, is true for a class of graphs $\mathcal{F}$ that is closed under the operation of taking subgraphs, then Hadwiger's conjecture is true for the class of total graphs of graphs in $\mathcal{F}$. This motivated us to look for classes of graphs that satisfy weak TCC. It may be noted that a complete proof of TCC for even 4-colorable graphs (in fact even for planar graphs) has remained elusive even after decades of effort; but weak TCC can be proved easily for 4-colorable graphs. We noticed that in spite of the interest in studying $χ"(G)$ in terms of $χ(G)$ right from the initial days, weak TCC is not proven to be true for $k$-colorable graphs even for $k=5$. In the second half of the paper, we make a contribution to the literature on total coloring by proving that $χ"(G)\leqΔ(G)+3$ for every 5-colorable graph $G$.
Financial Constraints and Girls' Secondary Education : Evidence from School Fee Elimination in The Gambia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the impact of \n large-scale fee elimination for secondary school girls in \n The Gambia on the quantity, composition, and achievement of \n students. The gradual rollout of the program across \n geographic regions provides identifying variation in the \n policy. The program increased the number of girls taking the \n high school exit exam by 55 percent. The share of older test \n takers increased in poorer districts, expanding access for \n students who began school late, repeated grades, or whose \n studies had been interrupted. Despite these changes in the \n quantity and composition of students, there are robustly \n positive point estimates of the program on test scores, with \n suggestive evidence of gains for several subgroups of both \n girls and boys. Absence of learning declines is notable in a \n setting where expanded access could strain limited resources \n and reduce school quality. The findings suggest that \n financial constraints remain serious barriers to \n post-primary education, and that efforts to expand access to \n secondary education need not come at the expense of learning \n in low-income countries like The Gambia.
Association test for rare variants using the hamming distance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recent development of DNA sequencing technology has given rise to many statistical methods for Rare Variant Association Studies (RVASs), such as burden and sequence kernel association tests. However, these methods, which usually require large samples, can lose power in association studies with small samples. In this study, we propose two statistical approaches applicable for RVASs when the sample size is not large. Our approaches are based on the Hamming distance, which compares the dissimilarity of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) components between cases and controls. Existing Hamming distance-based methods mainly analyse common variants. For rare variant data with a small sample size, we extended two existing methods by using the weight based on minor allele frequency. Through simulation studies, we show that our proposed approaches control type 1 error rates and are more powerful even when given very small sample sizes. They also work well regardless of the direction of causal SNP effects. Applying these methods to real data, we confirmed that they identified true causal genes well. Based on the results of this study, we firmly believe that our proposed methods are powerful for small sample data.
Recycling of NADH pyrophosphatase in rat hepatoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| December 01 1984 Recycling of NADH pyrophosphatase in rat hepatoma cells RICHARD J. PEASE; RICHARD J. PEASE 1Division of Clinical Cell Biology, M.R.C. Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middx. HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar NEIL D. COOK; NEIL D. COOK 2Division of Clinical Cell Biology, M.R.C. Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middx. HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GEOFFREY D. SMITH; GEOFFREY D. SMITH 3Division of Clinical Cell Biology, M.R.C. Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middx. HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar TIMOTHY J. PETERS TIMOTHY J. PETERS 4Division of Clinical Cell Biology, M.R.C. Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middx. HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1984) 12 (6): 1079–1080. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0121079 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation RICHARD J. PEASE, NEIL D. COOK, GEOFFREY D. SMITH, TIMOTHY J. PETERS; Recycling of NADH pyrophosphatase in rat hepatoma cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1984; 12 (6): 1079–1080. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0121079 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Non-repudiation in an agent-based electronic commerce system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABECOS is an agent-based e-commerce system under development at the Nanyang Technological University. A key factor in making this system usable in practice is strict security control. One aspect of security is the provision of non-repudiation services. As protocols for non-repudiation have focused on message non-repudiation, its adaptation to afford non-repudiation in a communication session for two agents in ABECOS is inefficient. In this work, we investigate and propose a protocol for enforcing non-repudiation in a session. The protocol is believed to be applicable in any e-commerce system; agent- or not agent-based.
MRI diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the MRI features of endometriosis involving the rectum and sigmoid colon. Methods MRI of 53 pathologically proved deep pelvic endometriosis involving the rectum and sigmoid colon was analyzed respectively and correlated with clinical, operative and pathological findings. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRI were calculated. Results Focal thickening of the rectosigmoid wall was seen in 47 patients with T1 isointensity,T2hypointensity and slight contrast enhancement. The pouch of Douglas was narrowed or obliterated by plaquelike(22), nodular(18) or stripe-like(13) abnormal signal intensities. Other features included retroflexed uterus(35), anterior displacement of rectosigmoid angle(20) and posterior superior traction of the posterior vaginal fornix(15). The MRI diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.65%, 96.23%, 80.00%, 96.23% and 80.00%,respectively. Conclusion MRI features are diagnostic in rectosigmoid endometriosis.
A Web based configuration control system for team projects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In courses involving team programming projects, it is desirable to have team members share files, and establish procedures for developing a configuration. Often, faculty members also wish to track each team to detect team problems and to determine the team dynamics.This paper describes a system that uses the Web to provide a simple to use student interface for getting and submitting files to their team for building a new configuration. It also describes some of the tools available to the faculty member to organize the teams. Since the system backend is programmable, the faculty member can add any functionality desired.
Tentoxin effects on infrastructure and greening of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. hederacea) cotyledons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of 20 μ M tentoxin on mesophyll chloroplast ultra‐structural development, chlorophyll organization and accumulation, and pigment transformations in cotyledons of dark‐grown, 4‐day‐old ivyleaf morningglory [ Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. hederacea ]were monitored. After 6 h of white light (200 μEm −2 T.s −1 ), many plastids of tentoxin‐treated tissues contained prolamellar bodies or inconsistent internal membrane orientation in contrast to the uniform internal membrane orientation and absence of prolamellar bodies in controls. Grana stacking did not progress beyond three to four disc loculi in tentoxin‐treatments, and fret membranes were usually discontinuous and reduced. Cylindrical or cupped grana appeared in many chloroplasts after 3 days of light, while other chloroplasts in which disruption was more pronounced had few grana except for remnants, but usually did possess vesicles or structures resembling prolamellar bodies. Tentoxin had no apparent effect on stroma density or plastoglobuli size and number. No starch grains appeared in any of the tentoxin treatments, whereas they appeared after 24 h in controls. Initial protochlorophyllide content and its photoconversion to chlorophyllide and subsequent Shibata shift were not affected by tentoxin. Chlorophyll accumulation rates in tentoxin‐treated cotyledons were about 10% of control rates during the first 24 h of greening and about 20% of controls from 48 to 72 h of greening. Chlorophyll alb ratio and PSU size (total Chl/P700) were not significantly affected by tentoxin.
Earnings quality

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Regulators, academics, and practitioners all have their own interpretation of earnings quality; that is, there is no consistent definition of earnings quality across these three important groups. Regulators view quality earnings as reported earnings that protect investors by providing reliable financial information concerning the company. Academics' perspective is that high quality earnings are based on the relevance of the reported earnings information to shareholders, creditors, and other users of the financial information. Practitioners define earnings quality as earnings that are sustainable, repeatable, and reflect long-term trends. While there are multiple interpretations of earnings quality, an overarching concept can be determined. Regulators, academics, and practitioners perceive earnings in a way that they feel helps to support investors' needs; the area of agreement for all is due to their focus on the users of earnings. As a whole, earnings quality is information that reflects high quality earnings relevant to a firm's financial performance, through persistence, predictive ability, and the reflection of long-term trends.