jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Key Generation for Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Physical layer key generation (PLKG) leverages wireless channels to produce secret keys for legitimate users. However, in millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, the presence of blockage significantly reduces the key rate (KR) of a PLKG system. To address this issue, we introduce reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) as a potential solution for constructing RIS-reflected channels, thereby enhancing the KR. Our study focuses on the beam-domain channel model and exploits the sparsity of mmWave bands to enhance the randomness of secret keys. To relieve pilot overhead in multi-user systems, we employ a compressed sensing (CS) algorithm to estimate angular information and propose a channel probing protocol with the full-array configuration for acquiring the beam-domain channel. We derive the analytical expressions for the KR in the case of full-array configuration. To optimize the KR, we design the phase shift and precoding vectors based on the obtained angular information. Furthermore, we employ a water-filling algorithm that relies on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions to optimize power allocation for estimating the beam-domain channel with the same channel variance. When channel variances of the beam-domain channel differ, we design a deep-learning-based power allocation method for a more complex problem. What is more, we design a sub-array configuration scheme that exploits the difference in spatial angles between users to reduce pilot overhead and derive the analytical expression for the KR. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed PLKG schemes outperform existing methods.
STAT3 is required for MiR-17-5p-mediated sensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) controls cell survival, growth, migration, and invasion. Here, we observed that STAT3 exerted anti-apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells. On the other hand, miR-17-5p induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and overexpression of miR-17-5p sensitized MCF-7 cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via STAT3. Overexpression of STAT3 in MCF-7 cells decreased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, but STAT3 knockout abolished the miR-17-5p-induced increases in apoptosis. Finally, miR-17-5p promoted apoptosis by increasing p53 expression, which was inhibited by STAT3. These results demonstrate a novel pathway via which miR-17-5p inhibits STAT3 and increases p53 expression to promote apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Early Insulinization to Prevent Diabetes Progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article reviews data collected from clinical studies regarding the place of early insulin treatment in preservation of β-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. It emphasizes the stepwise progression of the data, starting with small uncontrolled studies and progressing to larger-scale controlled studies. It summarizes current knowledge in the field, emphasizing the additional information gained from the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial (1).

### Effect of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity on β-cells

Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity have long been recognized as having a deleterious effect on both β-cell function and insulin action (2–4). Glucolipotoxicity refers to the combined deleterious effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acids on β-cell mass and function (5). Significant progress has been made in recent years toward a better understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of glucolipotoxicity (5–7). Insulin protects the β-cell by inducing rapid reversal of glucolipotoxicity and β-cell rest (8,9). The rapid reversal of glucolipotoxicity by insulin therapy is one of the justifications for early insulin treatment (2–10).

### Treat to target or treat to failure?

The importance of avoiding prolonged hyperglycemia in patients with short diabetes duration in order to minimize its negative effect on late microvascular and macrovascular complications has been established (11). Hence, present guidelines (12–16) recommend early initiation of life style changes with or without metformin and subsequent addition of 2nd- and 3rd-line therapy when previous treatments fail to achieve or maintain the goal. The goals in the treatment of hyperglycemia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes are to achieve near-normal glucose control as early as possible in order to preserve β-cell function and maintain long-term normoglycemia.

The capacity of antidiabetes medication to maintain prolonged glycemic control (glucose durability) is of great importance. In the ADOPT study, rosiglitazone (17) demonstrated the best “glucose durability” compared with sulfonylurea (SU) and metformin. …
Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) fractions inhibit biofilm formation and adherence properties of oral pathogens and enhance oral epithelial barrier function

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dental caries, candidiasis, and periodontal disease are the most common oral infections affecting a wide range of the population worldwide. The present study investigated the effects of two tart cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) fractions on important oral pathogens, including Candida albicans , Streptococcus mutans , and Fusobacterium nucleatum , as well as on the barrier function of oral epithelial cells. Procyanidins and quercetin and its derivatives were the most important constituents found in the tart cherry fractions. Although the fractions showed poor antimicrobial activity, they inhibited biofilm formation by the three oral pathogens in a dose‐dependent manner. The tart cherry fractions also attenuated the adherence of C. albicans and S. mutans to a hydroxylapatite surface as well as the adherence of F. nucleatum to oral epithelial cells. Treating oral epithelial cells with the tart cherry fractions significantly enhanced the barrier function as determined by monitoring the transepithelial electrical resistance. In conclusion, this study showed that the tart cherry fractions and their bioactive constituents could be promising antiplaque compounds by targeting biofilm formation and adherence properties of oral pathogens. Furthermore, its property of increasing the epithelial barrier function may protect against microbial invasion of the underlying connective tissue.
Ultrarelativistic outflows associated to progenitors of Gamma-Ray bursts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are nowadays considered to be collimated ejecta with bulk velocities very close to the speed of light.The mechanism by which after the quasy-isotropic energy release of a few 10 50 erg yields a collimated ejection of plasma has not been satisfactorily explained by simple analytically developments.The reason being that the collimation of an outflow by its progenitor system depends on a very complex and non-linear dynamics.That has made it necessary to use numerical simulations in order to shed some light on the viability of some likely progenitors of GRBs.Here we review the most relevant features shown by these numerical simulations and how they have been used to validate the most popular progenitor models, namely, the collapsar model (for long GRBs) and the model involving the merger of compact binaries (for short GRBs).
P3651Outcomes of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in children: comparison between bovine jugular vein graft and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Various types of conduits are available for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (RVOTR). The bovine jugular vein graft (BJVG) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft (ePTFEG) have been descrived as an alternative to the homograft for RVOTR. Purpose- This study summarized the results to evaluate the single-center operation of RVOTR using BJVG and ePTFEG. Methods The valve functions of 27 patients under 20 years old who underwent primary RVOTR with BJVG and 26 patients with ePTFEG at our university hospital between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively investigated. The valve conditions were assessed using echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Results The median age at the time of operation was 1.8 years old (range, 6 days to 7.8 years old) with BJVG and 2.2 years old (range, 8 months to 9.1 years old) with ePTFEG. The median follow-up time was 3.4 years (range, 2 months to 5.2 years) with BJVG and 2.1 years (range, 1 month to 5.1 years) with ePTFEG. The peak RVOT gradient of BJVG was lower than ePTFEG (10.6±7.7 mmHg versus 18.1±16.2 mmHg, P=0.035). There were no differences in branch pulmonary stenosis defined as peak gradient up to 36mmHg (40.7% versus 50.0%, P=0.50) and pulmonary regurgitation graded worse than moderate (18.5% versus 11.5%, P=0.48) with BJVG and ePTFEG, respectively. Aneurysmal dilatation of the conduit was seen 22.2% with BJVG but none of patients with ePTFEG (P=0.01). All of patients with aneurysmal dilated BJVG had branch pulmonary stenosis. There were no differences in catheter intervention for branch pulmonary stenosis (22.2% versus 30.8%, P=0.48) and conduit replacement (11.1% versus 7.7%, log rank P=0.67) with BJVG and ePTFEG, respectively. There were no deaths during the fllow-up period in both groups. Conclusions The outcomes of RVOTR with BJVG and ePTFEG were clinically satisfactory. Aneurysmal dilatation was seen with BJVG and branch pulmonary stenosis was the risk factor for aneurysmal dilatation.
Low-content Ru–Pt supported on oxygen vacancy enriched black TiO2 with strong electronic interactions as efficient hydrogen generation electrocatalysts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ultrafast quasi-solid microwave (60 s) is employed to achieve phosphorus-doped black TiO 2 supported Ru and Pt (Ru–Pt/P–TiO 2− x ) for the HER with an overpotential of 14 mV at 10 mA cm −2 in an acidic electrolyte.
The 2007 Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Evidence of Relaxed Lending Standards

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper adds to the existing literature on relaxed lending standards. In particular, it attempts to show evidence of relaxed lending standards for subprime households. It is believed that this paper is the first to study households’ credit characteristics and home purchase behaviors to investigate relaxed lending standards. Using the 1998 and 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) data and adjusting for the survey nature of data through weights, this study tests three hypotheses as evidence of relaxed lending standards. Hypothesis (1): In 2007 for subprime households, mortgage types and credit quality characteristics were less important in determining mortgage loan-to-home value (LTV) ratios, home purchase decisions, and dollar amount paid on home purchases; hypothesis (2): For subprime households, LTV ratios and home purchase rates were greater in 2007 than in 1998; hypothesis (3): Subprime households paid more on their home purchases in 2007 than in 1998. Since the SCF data does not provide information on households’ credit scores, households are split into three groups based on their income quantiles and subprime borrowers are represented by the lowest income households. The findings support hypothesis (1). The credit quality characteristics became insignificant in a statistical sense, or gained significance but in a different direction than would be expected under strict lending standards, or declined in coefficient magnitudes. The decline in the importance of credit quality characteristics is observed in the subprime households. With respect to hypothesis (2), the findings display no significant changes in LTV ratios, but reveal that households with the lowest income levels were more likely to purchase homes in 2007. The findings with respect to hypothesis (3), show no support for an increase in the dollar amount paid on home purchases. In general, the findings show evidence of relaxed lending standards for subprime
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Tennessee, 1997

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a 1-yr stand of alfalfa at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill. Plots were 20 ft X 20 ft replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Blocks were separated by 15-ft alleys. Eleven insecticide treatments were applied on 3 Mar when 68% of the tips were damaged and alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL) averaged 1.55 larvae/sweep. Chemicals were applied using a tractor-mounted CO2-powered 10-ft boom sprayer at the rate of 30 gpa. AWL samples were collected on 1,7, 14, 21, and 29 May using a 15-inch insect net, and consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps from each plot. A 5 ft X 20 ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 29 May to determine green weight yields. Moisture content of alfalfa was 70.58%.
Do CEO, board, and corporate virtue influence misconduct?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines whether CEOs, boards, and corporate virtue (CV) influence Misconduct, revealing positive associations. CEO and board virtue (termed as “Benevolence”) are proxied through their involvement in not-for-profit leadership positions, CV is a novel composite measure developed, and misconduct captures any unethical behaviour of organizations. The significant positive associations between CEOs, boards, CV, and Misconduct are explained through moral licensing theory, the conflicting priorities proposition, and CEO/director power. The study contributes to the literature and practice by proposing a shift in focus from top-echelon technical/demographic characteristics to moral characteristics in examining the influence on corporate outcomes.
Fig. 14-15 in Floromadane, a new genus of baridine weevils associated with Rubiaceae in Costa Rica and Panama (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 14-15: Floromadane atrorubens, female genitalia and associated structures. 14. genital tract, lateral view; 15. sternite 8 and tergite 8, ventral view. Scale bar 1 mm.
Exploring New Horizons for Wine Grapes: Modulating Functional Effects by Varying Harvest Timing and Solar Exposure

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grenache (GN) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) are two traditional red grape varieties widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area and both late-ripening cultivars, which makes them less sensitive to global warming conditions and more stable to harvest timing. Although different studies have evaluated the final antioxidant properties of grapes and pomaces, few studies have explored the effect of sun exposure and harvest on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of these products. This study investigates the control of sunlight and ripening as tools to tailor nutritional and antioxidant properties of grape juices (GJ) and their byproducts (pomace GP). The compositional analysis showed no significant (p ≥ 0.05) differences associated to either harvesting timing or exposure to sunlight for either of the two studied varieties. However, differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between varieties of protein and total dietary fibre (TDF). CS protein content ranged from 0.52 to 3.88 (g 100 g−1) in GJ and from 1.0 to 1.32 (g 100 g−1) in GP; meanwhile, GN had higher protein values in GJ (from 2.11 to 4.77 g 100 g−1) and GP (from 5.11 to 6.75 g 100 g−1). The opposite behaviour was observed in TDF; CS grape had higher values for juice (from 11.43 to 19.53 g 100 g−1) and pomace (from 42.20 to 65.80 g 100 g−1) than GN (from 11.43 to 17.22 g 100 g−1 in juice and from 25.90 to 54.0 g 100 g−1 in pomace). The total phenolic content (TP) in GP was 100 times higher than in the juices and showed a much less pronounced evolution compared to the GJ during the harvesting time. GN TP values ranged from 5835 to 8772 mg GAE 100 g−1; meanwhile, CS values ranged from 7637 to 9040 mg GAE 100 g−1. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between the TP total antioxidant capacity (TAC) results was observed, regardless of variety, harvesting time, and sunlight exposure. These findings show how the control of different factors can contribute to obtain modified grape-derived products from conventional varieties beyond the wine market.
Antihistamines and the Ovum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BmDIC ¶sHand a small outbreak was recorded in Bristol in 1961 2 A week ago two cases were seen in Bristol, and within the last ten days at least 20 cases have occurred in a small area of Buckinghamshire.A very similar outbreak has occurred in Swindon involving about the same numbers.Recent observations suggest that some patients in these outbreaks may only suffer from mouth ulcers, and this fact and the mildness of the condition may not cause it to be recognized immediately.It seems, however, that the disease may well be occurring in many different parts of the country, and it would be of interest to hear of further outbreaks that have occurred.-Weare, etc.,
50 Spatially resolved molecular investigation of triple negative breast cancer and its immune microenvironment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10–20% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases in the US and is characterized by loss of HER2, estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptors. TNBC is an aggressive, complex disease with a poor prognosis due to resistance to traditional therapies. Understanding the underlying biology and tumor microenvironment is critical to the development of diagnostic biomarkers and to guide the search for effective therapies. Here, we demonstrated the ability of the 10x Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression Solution to elucidate the immunological profile and microenvironment of TNBC samples in conjunction with standard pathological techniques.

Methods

Spatial transcriptomics technology complement pathological examination by combining the benefits of histological stains with the throughput and deep biological insight of RNA-seq. We investigated serial sections of TNBC by using the 10x Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression Solution to spatially resolve the samples' cellular composition and expressed microenvironment. Visium incorporates ~5000 molecularly barcoded, spatially encoded capture probes in spots over which a tissue section is placed and imaged. The samples are permeabilized and native mRNA is captured. Imaging and RNA sequencing data are processed together, resulting in whole transcriptome gene expression mapped to the tissue image.

Results

We captured spatial patterns of gene expression and mapped the information back to H&E-stained images with regional annotations. Serial sections were then subject to fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for immune infiltrate paired with spatial gene expression capture. Subsequently, we combined these data with 3' single-nuclei RNA-seq from the same tumor, generating expression profiles that were used to automatically annotate cell-types across the sections. This allowed for an understanding of the tumor microenvironment that could not be captured by image-based techniques alone. We resolved subgroups of spatially and biologically distinct immune, stem, and cancer progenitor cells. Finally, we digitally annotated tumor and normal tissue regions using expressed genetic mutations alone. Annotated tumor regions expressed more deleterious mutations than normal regions and we were able to automatically cluster regions of tumor vs. normal cells without any prior histopathological information. We also found intratumor gradients of mutational burden in oncogenes as well as non-cancer associated loci.

Conclusions

Taken together, we demonstrated that Visium can provide a powerful complement to traditional histopathology, enabling both targeted panels and whole-transcriptome discovery of gene expression. This spatially resolved molecular information provides an unprecedented view into the tumor microenvironment and a powerful new tool for discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Additional file 3: Table S2. of Tracing the expression of circular RNAs in human pre-implantation embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Normalized RPKM of RefSeq gene. Corresponding to Fig.Â 2b, the 5573 RefSeq genes clustered in group 1 were defined as maternal genes and the 7427 genes in groups 2 to 5 transcribed de novo at later stages from the late 4-cell stage were defined as zygotically activated genes. (XLSX 1359 kb)
SH1656318.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Down a wrong path – A nasogastric tube in the lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nasogastric tube insertion is a common bedside procedure. In an awake patient, unexpected passage into airway is easily noticeable due to the gag reflex; however, in the case of ventilated patients false cannulation is liable to be missed, unless insertion is carried out under direct visualization. We present a case of passage of nasogastric tube into peripheral bronchiole of the right lung, which was initially missed on chest radiography. This case report highlights the fallacy of relying on a chest radiograph.