jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of MAP3K15 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Osteosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of primary malignant tumor, and increasing amounts of evidence show the clinical benefits of immunotherapy in treating OS. However, the lack of comprehensive studies on the complex OS immune microenvironment hinders the application of immunotherapy. Thus, we aimed to systematically study the immune characteristics of OS and identify novel biomarkers for OS treatment. Methods: We systematically studied the immune score and proportion of infiltrating immune cells in OS in the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Differential expression and functional analyses were used to identify dysregulated genes and explore their functions. Survival and Cox regression analyses were applied to establish an immune-related prognostic signature. The expression of MAP3K15 was performed by qPCR assay and immunohistochemistry. We divided 48 patients into high expression and low expression groups according to MAP3K15 expression. Results: A total of 103 differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs) were found in the TARGET-OS and GSE39058 databases, and these DEIGs were mainly enriched in leukocyte proliferation, leukocyte differentiation, osteoclast differentiation, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the adaptive immune system. A predictive signature was constructed based on the survival analysis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.65. Moreover, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 15 (MAP3K15) can predict the prognosis of patients with OS and is closely related to CD4 T cells, M0 macrophages, and M1 macrophages. We found that patients with high MAP3K15 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis Conclusions: Our study found that MAP3K15, whose expression level is closely related to immune activity in tumors, was a critical immune-related biomarker and may provide a basis for OS immunotherapy. Clinical Trial Registration Not applicable.
Pilgrimage, mobile behaviours and the creation of religious place in early Roman Latium 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter seeks to address the problems by offering an alternative methodology for the study of pilgrimage in early Roman Italy. It demonstrates that archaeological evidence can have a significant role to play in discourses surrounding the role of pilgrimage behaviours within ancient religious practices and understandings, if pilgrimage is thought of as comprising particular forms of behaviour and not just post hoc rationalisation. The chapter examines the evidence from two locations in early Roman Latium, both of which can be distinguished by at least two separate experiences of place brought about as a result of mobile behaviours. Together these suggest that visiting sacred locations involved producing, experiencing, and engaging with a different religious place each time, even if the geospatial location in which they occurred remained essentially the same. As at Nemi, mobile behaviours are therefore attested at Pantanacci in a secondary form, through the objects that people left behind after a temporary visit to that location.
Identification of blood metabolites linked to the risk of intervertebral disc diseases: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has affected millions of people worldwide and dramatically affects human beings’ quality of life. Observational studies hypothesize that metabolites play key roles as markers and effectors of IVDD, but their causality has not yet been illustrated. Methods We conducted comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine the causal relationship between 249 plasma metabolites and IVDD. Inverse-variance weighting was used as the primary estimate, whereas MR-Egger and weighed median were used to detect robustness. A series of sensitivity analyses including Cochran Q test, leave one out, and MR-Egger intercept analysis were also conducted. Results In total, we found 13 blood metabolites significantly associated with IVDD, including phospholipids in very large high-density lipoprotein (HDL), free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, average diameter for HDL particles, cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL, creatinine, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL, phospholipids in large HDL, total lipids in very large HDL, and total lipids in large HDL. No pleiotropy was detected. Heterogeneity existed in several estimates and random-effect inverse-variance weighting was applied. Conclusions Our study highlighted the causal association of blood metabolites with the risk of IVDD. Our results provide new insights into possible treatment protocols controlling the concentration of specific blood metabolites in IVDD patients. Key messages What is already known on this topic Low back pain is the most common symptom for patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and influences the quality of life of large populations. Observational studies have indicated the association between metabolites and IVDD. However, causality has not been determined yet. What this study adds We conducted a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study to reveal the causal effect from 249 blood metabolites on low back pain. A total of 13 metabolites were found to causally affect the risk of IVDD, among which 11 were negatively associated and 2 were positively asscociated. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy These 13 significant metabolites could serve as biomarkers for IVDD and our results provide new insights into possible treatment protocols for IVDD patients.
Differential reaction of two biotypes of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora (Koch) to cowpea, vigna unguiculata (L) walp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grain legume forms an important component in tropical cropping system. Cowpea vigina-unguitulata (L) Walp is the most important grain legume produced in Nigeria. Aphis craccivera (Koch) is the main aphid pest of cowpea. Cowpea aphid infests the crop at the seedling stage and causes direct damage to the plant by removal of plant sap. Yield is reduced and in extreme cases the plant is killed. An extensive survey was conducted in Nigeria to find out if the cowpea aphid occurred as different biotypes in nature. Aphid samples collected from different part of Nigeria were tested against the known cowpea aphid resistant varieties. One such sample collected on the International Institute of tropical Agriculture (IITA) farm during the dry season had a different reaction to cowpea varieties identified as resistant. They were designated as biotype “B”. Only the seeds of ICDN and GDN were available for screening against this biotype fifty-two highly resistant, 7 moderately resistant and 19 resistant varieties were discovered. During the experiment it was also observed that the rate of reproduction of biotype B was slower than that of biotype A. Biotype variation in aphids is defined as the ability of population within an aphid species to differently damage plant resistance sources, is a problem that needs to be immediately addressed. This is a common phenomenon in aphids and it is one of the most important phenotypic traits relevant to plant resistance to aphids (PRA). 1 Department of Horticulture and Pure and Applied Zoology, School of Plant Sciences, The University, Reading, Berkshire RG6 2AS, U.K
PARALYSIS OF DIVERGENCE DUE TO CEREBELLAR TUMOR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is no generally accepted opinion as to the mechanism of divergence in human eyes. Some authors (Duke-Elder,1Pugh, Alfred Graefe and others) have assumed that divergence is merely a passive function resulting from relaxation of convergence. Brouwer's theory of a convergence center located in Perlia's nucleus has almost universally been accepted (Riley2). The majority of observers find it difficult to believe that of all well regulated functions divergence alone should be without a definite innervation. If the limit of divergence were identical with a position of rest due to complete relaxation of convergence, every person who loses the ability of fusion ought to manifest divergent strabismus, whereas only a certain percentage do. Bielschowsky3stated that active divergence innervation is necessary to overcome esophoria. On the basis of neuromuscular physiologic observations, Bruce4stated that his conception of ocular divergence was that of a combined passive (i.
Stress of Secondary School Teachers in Transkei, South Africa

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore self-reported stress experienced by secondary school teachers in Transkei, South Africa using a local unstandardized scale. Contrary to the literature on western teachers, an average rating of stress of 93.5 was reported by the 134 teachers, and no differences were noted between the 66 men and 68 women.
Beyond Charlemagne's legacy: Normative Empire and the Independence of the Judiciary in Conditionality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Accession negotiations to the EU since 2004 brought significant changes to European enlargement customary law and exacerbated the reliance of the Commission on conditionality to impose its leverage on present and prospective member states. The subsequent development of European norms in the pre-accession phase was transposed onto current member states and led to the edification of a Normative Empire. This research reformulated the concept of Normative Empire while resting on factual and contemporary evidence. It investigated why the increasingly significant role in conditionality of the principle of independence of the judiciary contributed to the metamorphosis of the EU into a Normative Empire. The argumentation of this research rested on the study of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. In addition to their geographical kinship, these three cases share issues of rampant corruption, notably in the political and judicial structures, which remain the main obstacles to their accession or full membership. The analysis of the Commission's influence in judicial reforms during the pre and post-accession phases was supported by a thorough study of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism and the progress reports from 2004 till present. In conclusion, the Commission's post-accession monitoring in Bulgaria and...
Solid Facial Edema: A Rare Complication in Acne

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Solid persistent facial edema is a rare and poorly understood condition that can be a serious complication of acne vulgaris and rosacea. It manifests as a slow onset of persistent lymphedema in the upper two-thirds of the face and can lead to significant cosmetic disfigurement affecting a patient's self-esteem and mental health. This article presents a case of persistent facial edema in a patient with severe acne and discusses the diagnosis and management of this rare condition.
Time Dependent B and D-Values, Scalar Hydraulic Diffusivity, and Seismic Energy from Microseismic Analysis in the Marcellus Shale: Connection to Pumping Behavior during Hydraulic Fracturing

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The most accessible product of microseismic monitoring during hydraulic fracturing is the 3-dimensional seismic cloud around the wellbore. To realize the benefit of microseismic monitoring, we must quantify the data seismologically, spatially, and spatio-temporally, and compare this with pumping data and energy input/output to/from the system. Our goal is to quantify meaningful correlations between the fractal dimensions b (frequency-magnitude; &lt;1 = compression, 1 = shear, &gt;1 = tension) and D (spatial clustering; 0 = point, 1 = line, 2 = plane, 3 = cloud), calculated from microseismic data collected in the Marcellus Shale of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Limitations are related to the sensitivity and geometry of the acquisition system which affects microseism coordinates (and any calculated distances), magnitudes, signal/noise ratios, and energy arrivals. We illustrate the evolution of b and D as a function of time through four stages, with between 328 and 1048 events per stage. In addition we compute the hydraulic diffusivity triggering front for each stage using time-distance plots and diffusivity contouring, the cumulative seismic energy and the s and p-wave energy components for each of the five stages. Plotting b, D, and diffusivity values as well as pumping pressure, slurry rate, proppant concentration, and seismic energy release against time will shed light on the complex down-hole interactions between fluid and rock that create and propagate fractures. In all stages, we see correlation between the b and D-values, but it is not consistently positive or negative throughout any stage. Changes in the correlation are accompanied by a change in pumping pressure, rate, and the frequency of microseismic events. An intriguing observation is a correlation between abrupt increases in total s-wave energy and decreasing b-value. In addition, we introduce the concept of slow slip seismicity during hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus Shale and its importance to the reservoir stimulation process. A preliminary analysis of data collected by a 2 Hz, three-component seismometer at the surface indicates the presence of this phenomenon and creates an opportunity to extend this research into the Appalachian Basin.
Relationship between the size and developmental status of bovine ovary and the numbers of isolated preantral follicles from them

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The isolation of preantral follicles from total 127 ovaries of adult cows was performed using a simple,rapid mechanical method.The results showed that the number of preantral follicles was positively correlated with the ovarian weight in the ovaries with normal external appearance.The presence or absence of corpus luteum did not affect the number and distribution of isolated preantral follicles.The distribution of antral follicles on the surface of ovary was realated with the number of preantral follicles isolated.The ovaries with balanced distribution of superficial antral follicles,such as small,middle,and big follicles were all in a ovary but the small visualized follicles were not too many,or there were no big follicles,but the number of small visualized follicles was more than 15,regardless whether the presence or absence of corpus luteum,could give rise to a large number of the preantral follicles.But from the ovaries with fat,blood,flat corpus luteum,or immature ovaries,seldom or almost no preantral follicles could be aquired.
[Borderline mental disorders in patients with prostate cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixty five patients, aged 48-87, with prostate cancer at different stages were studied. Borderline mental disorders were found in all the patients. In the majority of them, affective disorders in the form of anxiety-depressive (52.3%) and astheno-depressive (24.6%) syndromes were observed. Astheno-hypochondriacal and dysphoric syndromes were detected less frequently (in 15.4% and 7.7% of the cases, respectively).
Trail smelter reference. Statement on behalf of the government of the United States before the International joint commission, based upon the testimony, given at the hearing beginning January 22, 1930, Washington, D.C.,

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Issued also without series numbering with subtitle: In the matter of the investigation of alleged damages in the state of Washington caused by fumes from the smelter of the Consolidated mining & smelting company of British Columbia. Statement on behalf of the government of the United States based upon the testimony given at the hearing beginning January 22, 1930, Washington. D.C., with the applicable law.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Hypermutability and error catastrophe due to defects in ribonucleotide reductase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) plays a critical role in the production of deoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphates (dNTPs), the building blocks for DNA synthesis and replication. The levels of the cellular dNTPs are tightly controlled, in large part through allosteric control of RNR. One important reason for controlling the dNTPs relates to their ability to affect the fidelity of DNA replication and, hence, the cellular mutation rate. We have previously isolated a set of mutants of Escherichia coli RNR that are characterized by altered dNTP pools and increased mutation rates (mutator mutants). Here, we show that one particular set of RNR mutants, carrying alterations at the enzyme's allosteric specificity site, is characterized by relatively modest dNTP pool deviations but exceptionally strong mutator phenotypes, when measured in a mutational forward assay (>1,000-fold increases). We provide evidence indicating that this high mutability is due to a saturation of the DNA mismatch repair system, leading to hypermutability and error catastrophe. The results indicate that, surprisingly, even modest deviations of the cellular dNTP pools, particularly when the pool deviations promote particular types of replication errors, can have dramatic consequences for mutation rates. PMID: 24167285 Funding information This work was supported by: Intramural NIH HHS, United States NIEHS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: Z01 ES065086
Watani Habibi: My beloved homeland [Short film]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 2007 project collaborator Janice Abo Ganis and I were invited by Te Wananga o Aotearoa to screen our documentary film, WATANI HABIBI:My Beloved Homeland at the conference as it was appropriate to the conference theme: Knowledge in form.
We then collaborated in an open ended discussion about the process of developing the project in collaboration with Palestinian musicians and the timely importance of producing this introductory work to a fairly fallow area of Western research and dissemination of information.
Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization of titanium aluminide (TiAl-γ) coatings prepared by the electro-spark deposition (ESD) method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigated the relationship between the process parameters on the thickness of titanium aluminide (TiAl-γ) coatings deposited using the electro-spark deposition (ESD) method on Ti6Al4V substrates. Using the design of experiments (DOE) approach and the response surface methodology (RSM), a set of experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of peak voltage, spark frequency, and electrode rotation speed on the thickness of ESD coatings. Surface morphology and cross-sectional view of coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). To verify the phases formed during the deposition process, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized. The microhardness of the surface and the cross-sectional profile of coatings were evaluated using a Vickers tester. Electrochemical tests were applied to analyze the corrosion behavior of the sample with the maximum coating thickness, the substrate, and the electrode in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. A second-order polynomial equation with interaction terms was developed to describe the relationship between deposition parameters and coating thickness, demonstrating high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.984). The maximum coating thickness of 18 μm was achieved with higher peak voltage and lower spark frequency. The average surface microhardness of the coated samples (∼600 HV) was 1.5 times higher than that of the electrode (317 HV) and the substrate (360 HV). The maximum microhardness observed within the cross-section reached ∼1400 HV, decreasing gradually with depth. Surface cracks, inherent to ESD coatings, exhibited a calculated surface density of approximately 0.017 μm−1. Corrosion tests showed that the ESD coating remarkably improved the resistance of Ti6Al4V to local corrosion in chloride-rich environments.
Implementing Bernstein Operational Matrices to Solve a Fractional‐Order Smoking Epidemic Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper leverages the Bernstein operational matrices method for the first time in order to resolve the nonlinear fractional smoking epidemic model presented in terms of Caputo’s fractional derivative. An approximate solution is derived using Bernstein’s operational matrices and strategically chosen collocation points. This is followed by the validation of the proposed method’s accuracy and reliability against the established Runge–Kutta fourth‐order method. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted against two prominent techniques: the fractional differential transform method (FDTM) and the q‐homotopy analysis transform method (q‐HATM). The results show a superior and significant performance regarding accuracy as well as approximation. A residual corrected error technique is employed to enhance the precision of the presented method, thus effectively minimising absolute errors.
Evaluation antibiotic resistance and presence of blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-23 genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains via multiplex PCR.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to most antibiotics is increasing. The presence of metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes has led to the resistance of these bacteria to carbapenems as one of the major classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics and has raised concerns in human societies. This research evaluated the presence of blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-23 genes in A. baumannii strains during a 12 months period. One hundred strains were isolated from the patients hospitalized in ICU of Ali Asghar and Shahid Rajaee trauma hospitals in Shiraz. Bacterial identity was determined by biochemical tests and antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method. The isolated strains were then evaluated in terms of carrying blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58 genes, using the multiplex PCR method. The results showed that A. baumannii was resistant to carbapenems but most strains were susceptible to tigecyclin and colistin. The majority of strains carried the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes, but very few carried the bla OXA-58 gene. The results revealed that the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii is increasing, which causes a more outbreak of this organism.