jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The boundedness of the solutions of a nonlinear differential equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

with a small nonlinear term f(x, y). The exact conditions satisfied by r, q, and f will be given in ??2 and 3. If r, q, and (rq)' are real-valued continuous functions on the positive x-axis, in a recent paper [1 ] Walter Leighton proved that the following conditions rq>O and (rq)' >0 for x_?0 are sufficient for the boundedness of the solutions of the linear differential equation (ry')'+qy = 0 on the positive x-axis. It is the purpose of this note to point out that, even if rq is not differentiable (in fact, even the continuity of rq is not required), under certain suitable conditions satisfied by r, q, and f as stated in Theorems 1 and 2, we still can test the boundedness of the solutions of (1) by a method which includes Leighton's method as a special case. In ?2 we assume that r, q, and f are real-valued functions; in ?3, complex-valued.
The Enrichment of Science Teaching Materials Sourced from Marine Aquaculture Ecology to Increase Scientific Literacy of Students’ Junior High School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The environment is an interactive learning resource to improve students' scientific literacy, such as the study location's marine cultivation area environment.This study aimed to integrate the marine culture environment's ecological parameters for the enrichment of teaching materials in improving students' scientific literacy.The research method used observation and experiment-the non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design-sampling technique using a total sampling technique.The research data collection used multiple-choice tests, and the data were analyzed using the independent sample ttest with the help of SPSS 17.00.The results showed that students at the initial stage had limited knowledge about the marine culture environment relevant to the teaching material.However, relatively all students understand correctly the location of cultivation and cultivation techniques developed by the community.Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the independent sample t-test showed that the significant value of students' scientific literacy skills was less than 0.05 (p <0.05).The conclusion is that the enrichment of science teaching materials sourced from marine cultivation ecology can significantly increase students' science literacy.Therefore, scientific learning that only standardization material from school books with fabric sourced from the environment.
Development of PEFC Alloy Electrocatalysts Supported on SnO2

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pt/Nb-SnO2/VGCF-H electrocatalysts have been developed with Pt impregnated on the SnO2-based supports dispersed on carbon nanofiber acting as a conductive backbone, achieving both high catalytic activity and high voltage-cycle durability. In this study, we have focused on Pt alloying with Co and Ni and developed Pt3Co/Nb-SnO2/VGCF-H electrocatalysts for achieving higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. It has been confirmed that catalyst particles were selectively impregnated on the doped-SnO2 and Pt3Co alloying was verified by FESEM and high-resolution STEM. High mass activity (MA) of 273 A g-1 at 0.9 VRHE and of 1870 A g-1 at 0.85 VRHE has been achieved for the Pt3Co catalyst on the Nb-doped SnO2 support, after proper heat treatment. High voltage cycle durability by applying the SnO2-based supports has also been verified.
Effect of Short Photoperiods, Cycocel, and Gibberellic Acid upon Flower Bud Initiation and Development in Azalea ‘Hexe’1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A technique using 2-branched rooted cuttings of azalea ‘Hexe’ was devised to provide uniform plant material for studying the effect of photoperiod and growth regulators on early stages of flower bud initiation and development. Flower initiation was most rapid under 8-hr daylengths, as a definite change of shape of apex was observed the 4th to 5th weeks. No change was observed on plants subjected to interrupted nights with 50 ft-c incandescent light supplied between 10 pm and 2 am. Short days plus a drench of 0.4 g Cycocel, (2-chloro-ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride, accelerated initiation over short days alone. Gibberellic acid applied to Cycocel-treated plants at 3 and 4 weeks of short days delayed flower initiation. Gibberellic acid applied to short day plants during the 4th to 6th weeks was effective in preventing flower initiation in this cultivar.
Structure and function in two tropical gallery forest communities: implications for forest conservation in fragmented systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

1. Composition, growth and turnover of trees in two species‐rich tropical gallery forests were examined to evaluate what community reorganization may be needed to transform recently created tropical forest fragments into stable refugia for regional forest biotas. 2. Rates of tree growth and turnover over a 5‐year interval were comparable to those recorded in continuous forests and in both communities there had been some tree species turnover in the measured stem size classes during the 5‐year interval. 3. The more abundant tree species in both communities formed three functional groups along gradients between streams and forest edges: edge‐concentrators, core‐concentrators and generalists. 4. Soil fertility showed no consistent increase close to streams and neither tree growth nor recruitment rates were increased in this zone. In contrast, forest edge zones exhibited increased rates of tree growth and recruitment indicating that growth processes in these forests are light‐limited rather than soil‐limited, and that forest edge zones are generally favourable habitats for tree populations. 5. Both communities showed signs of past fire incursions, and the tendency of a subset of tree species to concentrate in the more growth‐limited core habitats is attributed to their fire sensitivity. 6. Rapid development of an edge zone of fire‐insensitive tree species is considered to be essential to the survival of forest community fragments in the fire‐prone landscapes of the tropics, and the edges of gallery forests are recommended as potential sources of species with which to fashion these protective ecotones. 7. Preservation of a diverse forest biota in the fire‐protected interiors of fragments will require natural or artificially enhanced immigration rates that are sufficient to offset local extinctions.
Original Article Clinical Microbiology Isolation and Identification of Clostridium difficile Using ChromID C. difficile Medium Combined With Gram Staining and PRO Disc Testing: A Proposal for a Simple Culture Process

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

dium, allows for the isolation and identification of Clostridium difficile strains within 24 hr regardless of pretreatment of stool specimens with heat or alcohol shock. In the present study, we designed and evaluated a simple procedure for the implementation C. difficile cultures using CDIF medium in a tertiary hospital setting. Methods: We designed a simple protocol for untreated stool specimens using CDIF me-dium followed by Gram staining and PRO disc (PRO disc K1532B, Key Scientific Products, USA) testing for the identification of C. difficile in colonies produced on CDIF agar. A total of 1,402 prospectively collected stool specimens from patients with suspected C. difficile in-fection were tested. The protocol was evaluated by phenotypic or molecular identification of C. difficile using Vitek 2 ANC card (bioMérieux) or 16S rDNA/tpi gene sequencing, respec-tively. Results: Of 1,402 stool specimens, 650 isolates were cultured in CDIF. Overall, 235 (36.2%, 235/650) strains could be presumptively identified as C. difficile by using Gram staining and PRO disc testing. Of those, 231 (98.3%, 231/235) isolates were confirmed as true C. difficile by molecular assays.
The tasks of Korean citizenship education from the perspective of lifelong education: From expansion to innovation and integration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

평생교육의 개념이 소개, 전파된 이래 우리의 교육은 학교를 넘어 학습사회로 진화해 왔다. 또 민주화 과정을 거치면서 시민사회 공간 역시 확대되었다. 하지만 학습사회와 시민사회의 가치를 결합하는 데는 소홀했다. 그 결과 학습사회에서 시민교육의 성장이 교양교육이나 직업교육에 비해 크게 뒤졌고, 시민교육 활동을 학습사회의 맥락에서 진단하고 발전 방안을 탐색하는 작업도 미흡했다. 연구자는 우리나라 시민교육을 평생교육 관점에서 분석하고 그 한계와 과제를 도출하고자 했다. 이를 위해 문헌분석 방법을 통해 해방 이후 70여 년간 전개된 우리나라 시민교육의 시기별 특징을 교육적 인간상, 교육내용, 교육형식과 방법, 교육주체와 제도 등을 준거로 개관하고, 오늘날 시민교육의 한계와 과제를 확장성, 혁신성, 통합성을 특징으로 하는 평생교육 관점에서 분석했다. 그 결과 우리나라 시민교육은 교육주체, 공간과 시간, 내용과 형식 등에서 크게 확장했으나, 혁신성과 통합성을 구현하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 시민으로서 구체적이고 총체적인 삶을 배우고 살아가는 것, 학습자가 무엇을 배울지 자유롭게 선택하고 시민적 책임감과 생태시민성을 습득하는 것, 자기주도적이되 공동으로 시민성 학습을 지속하며 다른 성격의 학습 및 사회참여 활동과 통합하는 것, 그리고 시민교육의 다양한 주체들 간 협치와 국가 차원의 제도화를 실현시키는 것 등을 우리나라 시민교육의 주요 과제로 도출하였다.
Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Collagen-Hyaluronan Hydrogels Used to Study Cancer Cell Invasion through the Bladder Wall

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Collagen-hyaluronic acid (Col-HA) hydrogels are widely studied as biomimetic materials that recapitulate the environmental physical and mechanical properties crucial for understanding the cell behavior during cancer invasion and progression. Our research focused on Col-HA hydrogels as an environment to study the invasion of bladder cancer cells through the bladder wall. The bladder is a heterogeneous structure composed of three main layers: urothelium (the softest), lamina propria (the stiffest), and the muscle outer layer, with elastic properties lying between the two. Thus, the bladder cancer cells migrate through the mechanically distinct environments. We investigated the impact of Col-HA hydrogel microstructure and rheology on migrating bladder cancer T24 cells from the cancer spheroid surface to the surrounding environment formed from various collagen I and HA concentrations and chemical structures. The designed hydrogels showed variability in network density and rheological properties. The migration of bladder cancer cells was inhibited inside hydrogels of ∼1 kPa storage modulus. The correlation analysis showed that collagen concentration primarily defined the rheological properties of Col-HA hydrogels, but hydrogels can soften or stiffen depending on the type of HA used. Within soft Col-HA hydrogels, cells freely invade the surrounding environment, while its stiffening impedes cell movement and almost inhibits cell migration. Only individual, probably leading, cells are observed at the spheroid edges initiating the invasion. Our findings showed that the rheological properties of the hydrogels dominate in regulating cancer cell migration, providing a platform to study how bladder cancer cells migrate through the heterogeneous structure of the bladder wall.
Relationship Between Single-Leg Countermovement Jump Height, Technique, and Hip Strength in Elite Handball Players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Single-leg jumping is a fundamental movement in sports and is frequently used for performance assessment and injury risk evaluation. However, the specific kinetic and kinematic factors influencing jump performance remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sagittal and frontal plane kinematic variables, maximal and explosive isometric hip strength, and single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) performance. We assessed eighty elite handball players who performed SLCMJs on force plates, with jumps being video recorded from both the sagittal and frontal planes. Maximal and explosive hip adduction, abduction, extension, and flexion strength were assessed using an isometric dynamometer. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships (p < 0.05) between maximal hip abductor strength and sagittal plane hip flexion angle (r = −0.23), femur inclination (r = −0.27), and shin inclination (r = 0.23). Explosive adduction strength was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with frontal plane trunk angle (r = −0.29) and trunk inclination (r = −0.33). A significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also observed between femur inclination and jump height (r = −0.30). However, no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was found between hip strength variables and jump height. These findings suggest that while isometric hip strength influences movement kinematics during SLCMJs, its direct impact on jump height is limited. Based on the results of the present study, other factors likely contribute to jump performance outcomes and should be investigated further.
Pyridoxal Derivative Formation from Pyridoxine by Baker’s Yeast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Pyridoxal Derivative Formation from Pyridoxine by Baker’s Yeast Get access Koichi Ogata, Koichi Ogata Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tatsurokuro Tochikura, Tatsurokuro Tochikura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeo Kawata, Shigeo Kawata Central Research Laboratory, Dainippon Pharm. Co., Ltd., Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shinpei Yamamoto, Shinpei Yamamoto Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto Present address: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kochi University, Kochi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroyasu Kawai Hiroyasu Kawai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 32, Issue 12, 1 December 1968, Pages 1479–1481, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1968.10859254 Published: 01 December 1968 Article history Received: 10 July 1968 Published: 01 December 1968
Whither Justice? An Analysis of Local Climate Change Responses From South East Queensland, Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Climate change is a highly contested policy issue in Australia, generating fierce debate at every level of governance. In this chapter we explore a crucial tension in both the policy and the public debate: a seeming lack of attention to social inclusion and broader equity implications. We pay special attention to the municipal scale, where concerns about social difference and democratic participation are often foregrounded in political discourse, using South East Queensland, a recognised climate change 'hotspot', as a case study. Mobilising critical discourse analysis techniques, we interrogate three local government climate change response strategies and place them in the context of trans-scalar discourse networks which appear to sustain a technocratic, 'ecological modernisation' approach to the issue. Finally, we suggest a broad strategy for re-imagining this approach to embed a notion of climate justice in our policy thinking about climate change.
Compact modeling of silicon carbide lateral MOSFETs for extreme environment integrated circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Silicon carbide (SiC) based semiconductor devices have been gaining tremendous traction in the last decade due to the inherent material advantages [1]. While most of the efforts in developing SiC devices are focused on discrete power semiconductors, a team at GE GRC is developing SiC based integrated circuits that can be used in extremely high temperature applications such as geothermal drilling, aviation electronics, space exploration etc. [2] This ability of SiC is attributed to its low intrinsic carrier concentration, due to which SiC based devices have leakage currents that are several orders of magnitude lower than their Si counterparts under high ambient temperatures.
Phase Behavior of Rigid Objects on a Cubic Lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to examine phase transitions of rigid lattice objects. The objects studied are coarse representations of planar, spherical, cubic, and cylindrical shapes on a simple cubic lattice. Multihistogram reweighting methods were used to generate the phase diagrams; critical points were determined using finite-size scaling methods. Spheres and capped cylinders exhibit a first-order transition from fluid to crystalline phases in the athermal limit. Small cubes and planar structures show continuous order−disorder transitions. For a six-armed cross object, there is evidence of a metastable vapor−liquid-phase transition lying within the fluid−solid-phase envelope.
Melanocyte‐specific CD49a+CD8+ T cells in vitiligo lesion potentiate to maintain activity during systemic steroid therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Vitiligo is a common depigmenting skin disease that is often difficult to treat. Even if repigmentation is achieved by treatment, recurrence in the same lesion is often found within a year after stopping treatment. As a background of these issues, a subset of CD8 + T cells that recognize melanocyte‐specific antigens or CD49a + tissue‐resident memory T cells that reside in the vitiligo lesion are thought to be involved. We investigated the MHC class I‐restricted tyrosinase pentamer‐positive CD8 + skin T cells in a progressive generalized vitiligo patient with HLA‐A*02:01 who showed resistance to intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy. We found that HLA‐A*02:01‐restricted tyrosinase pentamer‐positive CD8 + T cells remained in the lesions after the treatment and expressed IFN‐γ and granzyme B. Interestingly, the expression of these cytokines in the pentamer‐negative CD8 + T cells was decreased after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy. These findings suggest that, in vitiligo patients, melanocyte‐specific CD49a + CD8 + T cells are in a potent activation state that is uncontrolled despite systemic immunosuppressive treatment, which may contribute to treatment resistance and local recurrence.
bFGF antisense oligonucleotide liposomes inhibit proliferation of lens epithelial cells in postoperative rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的探讨bFGF的反义寡核苷酸对大鼠去晶状体核和皮质后晶状体上皮细胞(LEC)增殖的作用.方法用磷酸缓冲液(PBS)将反义寡核苷酸和正义寡核苷酸配成0.2%质量浓度,并与40 mg/L的lipofectin等体积混合,配成0.1%反义寡核苷酸脂质体和0.1%正义寡核苷酸脂质体.用PBS与等体积的lipofectin混合,制备无药脂质体.24只SD大鼠的晶状体核与皮质取出,将囊膜保留,分为三组,前房分别注射0.1%反义寡核苷酸脂质体、0.1%正义寡核苷酸脂质体和无药脂质体,分别在第7和14 d每组取8只眼球,做病理切片,显微镜下观察.结果镜下可见晶状体囊膜下有细胞增殖,细胞直径8～12μm.前囊膜厚度为17～21 μm,后囊膜厚度为5～8μm.第7 d反义寡核苷酸脂质体、正义寡核苷酸脂质体和无药脂质体组的每平方毫米晶状体切片的细胞数分别为2 320±375、2 850±352和3 057±406;第14 d,三组的细胞数分别为2 560±651、3 151±381和3 292±551.前者显著少于其他二组.结论碱性成纤维生长因子的反义寡核苷酸脂质体对术后晶状体上皮细胞的增殖有一定的抑制作用.
Essential oil Composition ofLippia javanica(Burm.f.) Spreng chemotype from Western Zimbabwe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aerial parts of Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng from two wild sites from Western Zimbabwe and those cultivated around Harare were collected, hydro- and steam distilled for essential oil and examined by GC and GC-MS. The composition of both essential oils produced was dominated by myrcenone (40.1-55.2 %). Previously we reported the essential oils from 13 other geographical sites from Zimbabwe to be dominated by myrcene (54.0 %), linaool (68.8 %) and limonene (39.9 %) varieties. This could have implications for product development and quality control for extracts from L. javanica.
Supplement to biota of agaricoid basidiomycetes of Oksky Biosphere Reserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New data on species diversity of agaricoid fungi of Oksky Biosphere Reserve are given. The checklist of 41 species with indication of their localities and herbarium numbers (of the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute, LE) is provided. Three species (Conocybe gigasperma, Entoloma occultopigmentatum, E. scabiosum) are recorded for the first time in Russia.
Developing mechanisms for reporting compliance violations.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Both the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and the Office of Inspector General's (OIG) Compliance Program Guidance for Hospitals can assist healthcare organizations in establishing a reporting system that encourages employees to report wrongdoing. One mechanism that is commonly used is the telephone hot line. Other mechanisms that can be used in conjunction with a hot line include a drop box or post office box, written or oral reports to supervisors, an open-door policy on the part of compliance personnel, and employee exit interviews. However the reporting system is set up, it should ensure confidentiality and a policy of nonretaliation to encourage the participation of all employees. Having a sound reporting system in place will enable healthcare organizations to investigate any alleged instances of noncompliance and take corrective action before the Federal government becomes involved.
On the uniform convergence of spectral expansions for a spectral problem with boundary conditions of the third kind one of which contains the spectral parameter

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the uniform convergence, on a closed interval, of spectral expansions of Hölder functions in a given complete and minimal system of eigenfunctions corresponding to a spectral problem with spectral parameter in a boundary condition. We consider boundary conditions of the third kind and subject the function to be expanded to a condition of nonlocal type ensuring the uniform convergence. We prove a theorem stating that expansions in the entire system of eigenfunctions of the problem are possible without any additional conditions.
Rising Income Inequality and Living Standards in OECD Countries: How Does the Middle Fare?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Income inequality has increased in a number of the rich democratic nations over the past generation. We examine whether this has reduced income growth for middle-income households. Using LIS, OECD and WID data, we show how median household incomes and income inequality have evolved between 1980 and 2013, and we analyse whether these trends are related. Growth in median incomes is negatively associated with changes in the Gini but not with changes in top income shares. Economic growth is strongly associated with growth in median incomes, although it does not seem to fully transmit.
“Of Moral Qualities That Would Render Them an Ornament to Their Sex”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Euro-American women arrived in the Northwest later and in smaller numbers than men, and perhaps for this reason their contributions to settlement have been seriously underestimated. Colonial modernization, conventional history suggests, was fueled by a male elite leadership striving for economic success, with their pursuits occasionally vexed by the more than 20,000 volatile working-class bachelors drawn to the region by the promise of gold. This narrative was firmly embedded in the emigrant guides, which reveal much about masculine needs and expectations but little of settler women or their responses to the indigenous women they encountered daily on the frontier 1. Unconventional sources provide an alternative to this masculinist narrative. Diaries, letters, published memoirs, and oral histories convey not only the heightened sense of elite settler women’s social and cultural importance as mothers in service to the nation but also the perception of threats, real or imagined, from women of other classes and races.