jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Endomorphin-1 affecting innate immune cells in vitro

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Opioid peptides belong to one of most studied groups of regulatory peptides due to exerting extremely wide range of biological activities and play an important role in regulating homeostasis. The endogenous opioid system is involved in the functioning of diverse organs and systems, including the immune system. Currently, an immunomodulatory effect of the three major families of opioid peptides such as endorphins, enkephalins, dinorphins has been thoroughly described. Much less data are available about the endomorphin-related immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this work was to assess effects of endomorphin-1 on phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species and IL-1β by various subsets of peripheral blood innate immune cells in vitro. The leukocytes of obtained from peripheral venous blood of healthy volunteer donors aged 22 to 40 years were used in the study. Endomorphin-1 was used at concentrations of 10-6, 10-8, 10-10, 10-12 М. Blood leukocyte fraction was isolated from heparinized venous blood settled for 2 hours in a thermostat at 37 °С. The neutrophil fraction was isolated by centrifuging in of Ficoll-Urographin (ρ = 1.077) density gradient placing the upper layer of blood plasma with leukocytes. Assessment of leukocyte oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity was carried out by using the reaction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LZHL) by using opsonized zymosan at concentration of 150 μg/ml; 10-5 M luminol was used to probe reaction magnitude. The separation of the mononuclear cell fraction was carried out by centrifuging in of Ficoll-Urographin (ρ = 1.077) density gradient. The monocyte fraction was isolated mechanically. To assess IL-1β production, mononuclear cells and monocytes were cultured for 24 hours followed by measuring its level with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate monocytes and neutrophil phagocyte activity, FITC-labeled St.aureus uptake method was used. Statistical processing was performed with one-way ANOVA test and paired LSD criterion for post-hoc comparison, with significance set at p 0.05. It was found that endomorphin-1 reduced leukocyte spontaneous, but not induced production of reactive oxygen species. In the neutrophil fraction, endomorphin-1 did not affect spontaneous oxygen dependent microbicidity and reduced intensity of the respiratory burst in stimulated neutrophils. In addition, it increased the percentage of monocyte phagocytosis and enhanced spontaneous IL-1β production by mononuclear cells. Thus, endomorphin-1 exhibited multidirectional effects on various parameters of innate immunity. Being typical to other groups of regulatory peptides, modality of endomorphin-1 related effects depended on cell fraction and presence of a stimulating cues.
The Personalisation of Politics at the Local Level in Poland and Selected Central and Eastern European States: A Contribution to the Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Images about politics take a specific form in the imagination of the electorate, eliciting specific associations and thus becoming a source of attitudes and influencing election preferences. At the same time, the increasing importance of politicians’ perceived personality traits and images has been observed. Empirical studies of politicians’ personalities provide one of the more effective tools for studying the basic features of the personalisation of politics, including at a local level. Such studies involve the measurement of citizens’ perceptions of politicians’ personality traits. This article seeks to systematise key concepts and provide an introduction to conducting advanced empirical research in this area.
practices to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion in the health services research workforce: An environmental scan of us veterans health administration research centers.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib in a Phase II Randomised, Double-Blind, Dose-Ranging Study of Adults with Extensive Non-segmental Vitiligo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterised by acquired distinct white patches of the skin. Currently, limited treatment options are available for vitiligo, and there are no approved systemic therapies. At the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Congress in Berlin, Germany, 11th–14th October 2023, Thierry Passeron, Professor and Chair of Dermatology at the Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France, and Head of the Laboratory INSERM U1065 Team 12, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France, presented an oral presentation summarising data from a Phase IIb study of upadacitinib, an oral selective JAK inhibitor, in patients with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV), during the ‘Free Communications II’ session. Passeron gave an overview of the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in adults with NSV. This article focuses on the clinical efficacy endpoints and the safety profile outcomes presented at the EADV congress. Overall, the study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of upadacitinib at 24 weeks at different doses versus placebo, with improvements in repigmentation over time, up to Week 52, with a favourable safety profile.
Modeling the Carbon–Electricity Coupled System with Multi-Entity Participation Under Carbon Emission Trading Market Coverage Expansion: A System Dynamics Approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

China’s carbon emission trading market (CETM), initially covering only power generators, is expanding to include key carbon emitters, like steel and cement enterprises. These high-energy-consuming industries also participate in the electricity market as major consumers. Current research lacks a systemic analysis of multi-market, multi-entity coupling under CETM coverage expansion. This study employs system dynamics to model coupling among steel, cement, thermal power, and renewable energy enterprises within both electricity and carbon markets. Multi-scenario analysis examines key indicator changes as the policy deepens. The results indicate that the impact of CETM coverage expansion unfolds in two phases: initial and deepening stages. Policy deepening will significantly influence key indicators, such as carbon prices and grid feed-in tariffs. Allowance tightening will lead to a pronounced rise in carbon prices, and the carbon trading costs for steel enterprises are significantly higher than those for cement enterprises. The increase in Renewable Portfolio Standards obligations will affect the supply–demand dynamics in the electricity market and contribute to reducing carbon trading costs for high-emission enterprises. All entities should tailor their strategies according to their specific characteristics to proactively adapt to the market changes induced by the CETM coverage expansion.
Environment,Climate Change and Migration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen 2009 again attracted global attention on climate change.In recent years,people begin to realize the serious impact of environment and climate change on human displacement/migration.However,in China particular research on climate change,environment and migration is insufficient.Based on the related literature review,this article introduces international hotspots and challenges in this research area,aiming at promoting further research in China.Besides the discussion about the terminology,definition and the category of climate change migration,by now the research focuses on three aspects:The first is to estimate the number of climate change migrants,which will answer how many people will be affected by climate change.The second is to explore the relationship among environmental degradation,climate change and migration, which wants to explain how climate change affects people and why people have to migrate. The third is about the policy response,which will find right policies dealing with the challenge of climate change migration,both at the international and national levels.
A simple model for the prediction of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, depending on global CO2 emissions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a very simple model for estimating time dependent atmospheric CO 2 concentrations c(t) from global carbon emission scenarios, serving as single input data. We derive a single linear differential equation of 1st order, based on parameters which are estimated from quantitative data of the global carbon project and Mauna Loa data for CO 2 concentrations. The model is tested first by comparing it to the 1960–2021 period with reasonably good quantitative agreement and, second to two of the typical current IPCC scenarios with good qualitative agreement. Finally, some new emission scenarios are modelled. Despite several drawbacks concerning absolute quantitative predictions, there are two important advantages of the model. First, it can be easily executed by students already with simple programmable spreadsheet programs such as Excel. Second input emission scenarios can be changed easily and expected changes are immediately seen for discussion during undergraduate and graduate courses on the carbon cycle and climate change.
Structural changes and permeability of ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf cuticles in relation to leaf development and after selective chemical treatments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

summary The fine structure of ivy leaf cuticles was investigated as a function of leaf development before and after cuticle isolation as well as after selective extraction of cuticle components. Cuticle mass increased with increasing age from 234°3 to 539.1 μg cm −2 Waxes increased from 12.3 to 18.6%, of cuticle mass from young to old leaves. However, percentages of cutin and non‐lipid constituents did not vary significantly with leafage. They represented approx. 58 and 26%, of the cuticle mass, respectively. Cuticle thickness determined from electron and light microscopy increased 12–fold during leaf growth to reach 4.25 μm for mature leaves. Transmission electron microscopy of transverse sections of non‐isolated and isolated cuticles showed an outer lamellate zone gradually merging from an inner reticulate zone the thickness of which increased with leaf growth. The lamellate zone appeared very early ( in vitro unexpanded leaf) and was characterized by a constant thickness (0.2 μm). Cuticle lamellation seemed to disappear after extraction of soluble cuticular wax, which confirmed intracuticular wax localization in lamellae. Electron‐dense fibrillae observed in the reticulate zone disappeared after acid hydrolysis showing that they are made of non‐lipid components. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the presence of crystalline structures and revealed a cuticle disorganization alter wax extraction. Permeability measurements showed an increase rather than a decrease in glyphosate and isoproturon diffusion through cuticles with increasing leafage, suggesting that the main barrier to diffusion is the outer lamellate zone. A considerable increase in isoproturon penetration through cuticles resulted from the wax extraction, demonstrating the major role of wax in the control of cuticular permeability to this herbicide.
An Ingenious Method for Detecting Harmful Alcohol Consumption in Restricted Areas

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper objective is to outline our effort to decrease violations and increase driver safety. Alcohol sensor and an Arduino board were combined to create this project. The Arduino ATmega328 processor is capable of carrying out more operations than conventional microcontrollers. Using a sensor for alcohol Identification of the presence of alcohol in human breath is the aim of this study, MQ3. The sensor may be used with any vehicle and is easy to hide from suspects because its precise sensitivity range is only a few metres. This project is installed anywhere. The project is designed to ensure human security. When some people's drinking becomes excessive, it can have a negative impact on their interactions with others. Some people grow drunk and potentially loud and boisterous as they drink more. And because they are less inhibited, they may disregard boundaries, making people around them uncomfortable or even dangerous. This project is basically used for avoid these problems in public places by IOT technology. In this process whenever a drunken person enters through the detector placed entrance it will indicates and such new sense caused by drunken people can be avoided in public places such as theatres, school, colleges and places where family spend time. Here we are using Arduino boards through which codes can be uploaded and we are using an MQ-3 alcohol sensor and a buzzer. The alcohol sensor will sense the consumption of alcohol by a person when he enters and indicates to the buzzer and the buzzer will blow.
The Association of Sleep Quality and Loneliness with Perceived Physical and Mental Health Status in Autistic Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Autistic individuals report a greater prevalence of physical and mental health difficulties, compared to the general population. This study examines factors which impact physical and mental health in the general population to evaluate whether they potentially underlie this increased prevalence in autistic individuals. We compared twenty-two autistic adults, twenty-three adults reporting symptoms of insomnia, and twenty-one neurotypical adults. The primary factors were sleep quality and insomnia; secondary factors were level of autistic traits, alexithymia, and prosocial behavior. Participants completed self-report measures looking at each of these factors as well as their perceived physical and mental health. Participants also wore an actigraphy watch for up to fourteen days to characterize their sleep behavior. This actigraphy data suggested that autistic adults slept longer than those with symptoms of insomnia and the neurotypical group. Multiple regressions identified which primary or secondary factors were associated with change in perceived physical and mental health. Transdiagnostic dimensional analyses suggested that both lower sleep quality and higher levels of loneliness predicted lower perceived physical and mental health, with the effect being greater for perceived mental health. The addition of secondary factors identified higher levels of alexithymia as a significant predictor of lower levels of perceived mental health but did not improve the model. For the autistic group, no factors were predictive of change in perceived physical health; however, follow-up analyses identified more insomnia symptoms as predicting reduced perceived physical health. Both reduced sleep quality and greater loneliness predicted lower perceived mental health in the autistic adults. More sleep impairment and more symptoms of insomnia also predicted lower perceived mental health but did not better explain this change when included together over when included separately. These study findings suggest that sleep quality and loneliness are salient factors in the mental health of autistic adults and that understanding these, and sleep factors in general, may help to explain mental health challenges in these individuals.
Nietzsche, Democracy and Transcendence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Socialism, utilitarianism and democracy, are according to Nietzsche secularised versions of Christianity. They have continued the monomaniac one-sidedness of the Christian idea of what a human being is and should be, and they have even strengthened this monomania through its ‘immanentisation’. The article shows that this ‘immanentisation’ has a crucial importance for Nietzsche’s critique of democracy. This critique may suggest that Nietzsche’s alternative for the disappeared Christian faith is not only a more radical nipture from the religious past, but also a re-interpretation or recreation of the notion of transcendence that was implied in that faith.
KAJIAN SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK PASIR BESI PANTAI ARTA SEBAGAI FUNGSI JARAK DARI TEPI LAUT

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic Susceptibility measurements and the identification of elements of iron sand from Arta beach of Pariaman West Sumatera have been done. The samples were dried first under the sun before the separation between magnetic particles of iron sand and non-magnetic particles using Iron Sand Separator. Identification elements of iron sand was done using X-Ray Fluorescence. The total value of magnetic induction was measured using a magnetic Pasco probe PS-2162 using a solenoid 2000 coils turns, dimensions of 3 cm in diameter and 10 cm in length. The solenoid was given an electric current with variations ranging from 2 A – 8 A. The distance between magnetic probe and one end of solenoid was kept constant that was 1 mm. The next experiment was to measure the function of distance ranging from 1 – 5 mm with constant applied current of 8 A. When electric current increase then the total magnetic induction also increase. Total magnetic induction value decreases as the distance increases. Magnetic susceptibility was calculated based on total magnetic induction and magnetic induction of core currents with constant current of 8 A and distance of 1 mm. The value of magnetic susceptibility obtained in the range (2164,71-3159,99)x10-5 which consist of ilmenite mineral (FeTiO3; Antiferromagnetic).Keywords : iron sand, magnetic suseptibility, iron sand separator, solenoid, magnetic induction, and x-ray fluorescence.
GLUTAMIN AND PREBIOTICS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Experimental and prospective study, is the result of working with 56 male rats between 300 and 350 g, three phases were worked: the first the pre-pilot phase (6 rats), the second the pilot phase (10 rats) and the third experimental phase E (40 rats). In the first, the standard dose to generate the injury to the rats was determined, using different doses of alcohol per kilogram of weight. In the pilot phase, they were subjected to 8.5% ethanol, which was administered intragastrically (3 ml / kg). The experimental phase was carried out in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), the positive control group (damage), the preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic) and the regenerative experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic). Desquamation, erythema, hyperemia were assessed in the stomachs of rats.
Vaginal Cytology and Recurrent Abortions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main criticism of the work reviewed surely must be that treatment from aspirin to hormones, bed rest to psychiatry, has been given to patients with a bad obstetrical history and not because there was any demonstrable abnormality in the current pregnancy. The aetiology of recurrent abortions, excluding organic causes, remains obscure, but evidence has recently been produced which would suggest that some spontaneous abortions may be the result of endocrine imbalance, and this has been shown by endocrine vaginal cytology (Hochstaedt, Lange, and Spira, 1960), urinary pregnanediol estimations (Loraine, 1958 ; Shearman and Garrett, 1963), and urinary gonadotrophin levels (Gemzell, 1961, personal communication). In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the role of vaginal cytology in determining the prognosis of the current pregnancy in patients with a history of recurrent abortions, and whether hormonal treatment can be justified in patients who present with an abnormal pregnancy smear.
Bipolar risk and mental imagery susceptibility in a representative sample of Chinese adults residing in the community

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: We need to better understand the cognitive factors associated with risk for bipolar disorders. Recent research suggests that increased susceptibility to mental imagery may be one such factor. However, since this research was primarily conducted with Western students and at a single time-point, it is not known whether the relationship between imagery susceptibility and bipolar symptoms exists across cultures or within the general community, or whether this relationship remains stable over time. Aim: This study evaluated whether Chinese adults identified as being at high (HR) versus low (LR) risk of developing bipolar disorders showed greater mental imagery susceptibility. We aimed to test whether such a relationship was stable over time by measuring imagery characteristics at baseline and at the 7-week follow-up. Method: This prospective study recruited a community sample of N = 80 Chinese adults screened for the absence of neurotic and psychotic disorders. The sample was split into HR ( n = 18) and LR ( n = 62) groups at baseline based on a criterion cut-off score on a measure of hypomania, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants completed measures of imagery susceptibility and its impact: the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS) and the Impact of Future Events Scale (IFES), at baseline and 7 weeks later. Results: HR group reported greater tendency to use imagery in daily life (SUIS) and greater emotional impact of prospective imagery (IFES) than LR group at baseline. These results remained stable at follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for increased susceptibility to mental imagery in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorders recruited from a community sample of Chinese adults. This extends previous research in Western student samples suggesting that imagery (both levels of use and its emotional impact) may be a cognitive factor with cross-cultural relevance that is stable over time.