jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Digital Diplomacy in Russian International Studies: Research Methods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last decade, digitalization has had an increasing impact on the world political processes and is turning into an integral element of international life. Diplomatic practice, given the growing importance of the digital diplomacy, is no exception. In this context, the need for continuous improvement of the methods of studying these processes and phenomena is all the more pressing. This paper examines the key methods used in Russian studies on digital diplomacy, and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. The first section of the article covers publications built on the discourse analysis of small texts on international policy or their excerpts. The author concludes that such an approach allows for a correct description of the communication strategies of various political players. However, it is more suitable for linguistic research, since it does not address the issues crucial for political scientists, namely those concerning the evaluation of the effectiveness of digital diplomacy tools. The second section considers the research works based on the content analysis. The author argues that although this method provides an opportunity to process a larger amount of data and to reduce the impact of subjective factors, it has its limitations, particularly, inability to take into account the visual component of publications and to place them within a wider information context. The third section focuses on the scholarly papers drawing on the most time-consuming and demanding method of Big Data (hashtags) processing. The author stresses that its application is fraught with a whole range of quite specific methodological and purely technical problems, in particular, screening out bots and other ways of traffic manipulation. Against this backdrop, the author advocates further improvement in the methods of studying digital diplomacy by fostering a culture of data analytics and making a more active use of developments from other disciplines (philology, sociology, cultural studies, etc.).
Pathological Phenomena in Denjoy–Carleman Classes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let M denote a Denjoy–Carleman class of ∞ functions (for a given logarithmically-convex sequence M = ( M n )). We construct: (1) a function in M ((−1, 1)) that is nowhere in any smaller class; (2) a function on ℝ that is formally M at every point, but not in M (ℝ); (3) (under the assumption of quasianalyticity) a smooth function on ℝ p ( p ≥ 2) that is M on every M curve, but not in M ( ℝ p ).
The Struggle for Religious Ideologies in the Educational Institutions of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama: A Phenomenological Study in East Java

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study focused on the phenomena or dynamics of the struggle for religious ideology that occur in the educational institutions (SMP/MTs and SMA/MA) of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama in East Java. Therefore, this study sought to see the internalization of the religious ideological values of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama in their education systems. Especially, when looking at clashes of religious thought that contain other ideologies (such as transnational (Salafi, Wahabi, and Shia), conservative/traditional, and reformist/modernist ideologies). This study used a qualitative approach and techniques for data collection used participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis used the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model consisting of four stages, namely, data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion. This study found that the educational institutions of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama have paradigmatic similarities, namely, ideology is positioned and functionalized as the motive and legitimacy of their educational actions and religious privileges. The expanding opportunities for dissemination and reproduction of other ideologies in their educational institutions are due to the very open nature of their religious understanding (Muhammadiyah has an understanding of Islamic Manhaji, and Nahdlatul Ulama has an understanding of Islamic Mahzabi). Riset ini memfokuskan pada fenomena atau dinamika pergulatan ideologi keagamaan yang terjadi di kelembagaan pendidikan (SMP/MTs dan SMA/MA) Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama di propinsi Jawa Timur. Karenanya, riset ini berupaya melihat internalisasi nilai-nilai ideologis keagamaan Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama dalam sistem kependidikannya. Terutama ketika melihat benturan-benturan pemikiran keagamaan yang memuat ideologi lain (seperti ideologi transnasional (salafi, wahabi, dan syi’ah), konservatif/tradisional, dan reformis/modernis). Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data memakai observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam; dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis datanya memakai model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: koleksi data, kondensasi data, display data, dan kesimpulan. Riset ini menemukan, kelembagaan pendidikan Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama memiliki persamaan paradigmatik, yaitu: ideologi diposisikan dan difungsionalisasikan sebagai motif serta legitimasi tindakan kependidikan dan privelege keberagamaan mereka. Pembentangan peluang diseminasi dan reproduksi ideologi lain di kelembagaan pendidikan mereka, disebabkan sifat pemahaman keagamaan mereka yang sangat terbuka (Muhammadiyah berpahaman Islam Manhaji, dan Nahdlatul Ulama memiliki pemahaman Islam mazhabi).
Effect of mutations in SUMO protein on interaction with \nproteins involved in SUMOylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sumoylation is a reversible post-translational modification process, that affects the structure and subcellular localization of a wide variety of proteins. Plenty of proteins are controlled by SUMOylation, accounting for effects on many aspects of cell survival like control of gene expression, DNA replication and repair, mRNA processing and export, cytoskeleton assembly and signaling at the plasma membrane. Among these are a lot of proteins play a role in human diseases, including cancer, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases, spinocerebellar ataxia 1, familial dilated cardiomyopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is similar to ubiquitylation with respect to the reaction scheme and enzyme classes used, but rather than conjugation by ubiquitin, SUMOylation involves the addition of SUMO molecule to the lysine residue. Its yeast homolog SMT3 in nearly 50 % identical to SUMO1 and hence can act as a model to understand SUMO1 function. SMT3 is about 100 amino acid long protein in yeast that is conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins. Availability of nearly 20 PDB structure of SMT3 and complexes involving SMT3 (with Ulp1, PCNA, UBC9, etc.) on RCSB further aids this study. We start our study with yeast homolog SMT3 to facilitate easy validation of our results with in vivo studies and numerous other existing reports on SMT3. In this study we attempt to understand structure-function correlation of SMT3 by analyzing interface in the various complex it is involved. We intend to understand the effect of mutation in SMT3 on interaction with its partners involved in SUMOylation computationally by considering specific residues in SMT3 that are involved in interaction interface and create a mutated complex. We will relax the mutated structure and calculate the change in free energy caused by point mutations in the complex. 5 A + B --> AB ΔG (wild-type) A' + B --> A'B ΔG' (mutant) ΔΔG = ΔG' - ΔG This ΔΔG thus obtained can act as a measure of lethality of particular mutation. With the data acquired from our study, we may not be able to say that all interaction affecting mutations can be predicted computationally by Rosetta commons but mutations predicted by Rosetta are all affecting the interaction
The British Superhero

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book reveals the largely unknown and rather surprising history of the British superhero. It is often thought that Britain did not have its own superheroes, yet this book demonstrates that there were a great many in Britain and that they were often used as a way to comment on the relationship between Britain and America. Sometimes they emulated the style of American comics, but they also frequently became sites of resistance to perceived American political and cultural hegemony, drawing upon satire and parody as a means of critique. The book illustrates that the superhero genre is a blend of several influences, and that in British comics these influences were quite different from those in America, resulting in some contrasting approaches to the figure of the superhero. It identifies the origins of the superhero and supervillain in nineteenth-century popular culture such as the penny dreadfuls and boys' weeklies and in science fiction writing of the 1920s and 1930s. The book traces the emergence of British superheroes in the 1940s, the advent of “fake” American comics, and the reformatting of reprinted material. It then chronicles the British Invasion of the 1980s and the pivotal roles in American superhero comics and film production held by British artists today. This book will challenge views about British superheroes and the comics creators who fashioned them.
An extended lattice hydrodynamic model with time delay based on non-lane discipline

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An extended lattice hydrodynamic model with time delay is proposed under non-lane discipline. We try to grasp the impacts of the non-lane discipline of the considered lattice sites. Linear stability analysis of the proposed model is executed and the stability criterion is obtained. Using the reductive perturbation method, we investigate nonlinear analysis of the proposed model and derive the mKdV equation and its solution, which could reveal the propagation of density waves. We analyze the effect of time delay, the ratio of lane deviation and the control coefficient on the stability of traffic flow via numerical experiments. We find that those indices play an important role in the stability of traffic flow. The longer the time delay, the more unstable the system becomes. Also, the ratio of lane deviation and the control coefficient is able to more quickly dissipate the traffic congestions occurring in traffic flow.
Statins and risk of decompensation in hepatitis B virus–related and hepatitis C virus–related cirrhosis: Methodological issues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. TO THE EDITOR: We read the article by Chang et al.,1 in which the authors used a nationwide database and reported that statin use is associated with lower decompensation rates in both hepatitis B virus–related and hepatitis C virus–related cirrhosis. Their findings support the use of statins in the prevention of decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. However, several methodological issues need to be clarified before extrapolating their results to patients with hepatitis B virus–related or hepatitis C virus–related cirrhosis. First, the authors adopted the method of new user design in their work and arbitrarily defined the date of first statin prescription as the index date for the statin users. In contrast, statin nonusers were followed up from the date of cirrhosis diagnosis. Although this approach can avoid misclassified immortal time, excluded immortal time may introduce selection bias (another form of immortal time bias).2 It has been shown that results can be biased toward a protective effect of treatment by either misclassified immortal time or excluded immortal time.3 They also did not report the mean interval between the date of diagnosis of cirrhosis and the date of first statin prescription, which would influence the magnitude of bias. Second, hepatotoxicity is a concern in the prescription of statins in patients with chronic liver disease. In real‐world practice, many physicians are reluctant to initiate statins in patients with an out‐of‐range liver enzyme value.4 Statin users in this study may just represent groups with better liver function reserve and slower progression of fibrosis compared to statin nonusers. Although propensity score matching was used to minimized confounding by indication of statin and the authors included 14 covariates in their logistic regression model to calculate propensity scores, some of the confounding mentioned above may still exist between statin users and nonusers due to a lack of important laboratory data such as liver enzyme and bilirubin levels in their database. We agree that statin use may be beneficial in patients with liver cirrhosis; however, the results of this study may amplify the advantage of these drugs due to selection bias and incomplete control over the confounding factors between statin users and nonusers.
American Studies in the Netherlands1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In The First Salute, a book first published in 1988, Barbara Tuchman (whose maiden surname was Wertheim) analyzes the relations between the newborn United States and France, Britain, and the Netherlands in the eighteenth century. The title of her book refers to the very first time the United States, which had just declared their independence from Great Britain, received international recognition. The place was the tiny island of Saint-Eustatius, a Dutch colony in the Caribbean, and the day wa...
Investigation of Maneuvering Target Tracking Alogrithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,in terms of two-dimensional TWS radar,the tracking algorithm is thoroughly investigated.The algorithm with better real-time,tracking characteristics and versatility is developed.Puts for ward the modified Kalman filter in polar coordinates,and compensates the affect of the pseudo-acceleration,the maneuvering acceleration and its variance are under adaptive control.
3-D converted-wave processing over the Valhall Field

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19993-D converted-wave processing over the Valhall FieldAuthors: Matthew BrzostowskiXianhuai ZhuSuat AltanLeon ThomsenOlav BarkvedBorge RoslandMatthew BrzostowskiPGS, Xianhuai ZhuPGS, Suat AltanPGS, Leon ThomsenBP Amoco, Olav BarkvedBP Amoco, and Borge RoslandBP Amocohttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821119 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821119FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByHistorical S-wave applications and aspirationsJames P. DiSiena17 August 2017 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Matthew Brzostowski, Xianhuai Zhu, Suat Altan, Leon Thomsen, Olav Barkved, and Borge Rosland, (1999), "3-D converted-wave processing over the Valhall Field," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 695-698. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821119 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
X-chromosome instability in pluripotential stem cell lines derived from parthenogenetic embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The karyotype of six pluripotential stem cell lines derived from haploid and two additional lines derived from diploid parthenogenetic embryos is described. All these lines are diploid and possess a normal autosomal complement. The stage at which diploidization of the haploid cells occurs is not yet known. The XX-chromosome complement in these lines is unstable, although in two haploid-derived lines and one diploid-derived line many normal XX-bearing cells are found in early cultures. All of the lines so far examined either become XO (rarely), or a single X chromosome shows a deletion in the distal region. The extent of this deletion varies between lines, but the position of the breakpoint appears to be constant for a given line. We suggest that these cytogenetic findings raise the possibility that a single deletion event occurring at an early stage during the isolation of these lines may confer a selective advantage to those cells carrying the deleted X chromosome.
Inclusivity towards legal research: A historical and future perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In order to research the South African law and understand how legal processes must transpire in contemporary South Africa, a historical perspective is firstly required. Historical knowledge gained assists both the academic and legal practitioner, engaged in legal research, to understand the development of South Africa’s legal system as well as the external and internal influences affecting it. An inclusive perspective also empowers legal researchers to move beyond traditional research approaches, reaching for new frontiers. This article casts light on an integrative multidisciplinary research approach as a possible future perspective on legal research.
Association Between Overactive Bladder Syndrome and Depression Among Older Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the association between overactive bladder syndrome (OBS) and depression among older women. Methods: One hundred sixty-nine older women answered 2 questionnaires: the Overactive Bladder (OAB-V8) and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: One hundred twenty-nine participants (76.3%) had symptoms of OBS (OAB-V8 ≥ 8 points). Among those with OBS, 42.6% exhibited mild or severe depression. A significant correlation was found between OBS and depression ( r = 0.354; P = .001). Conclusions: A high prevalence rate of OBS was found in older women and a large portion of these women exhibited symptoms of mild and severe depression.
Formation of Chromitite Seams and Associated Anorthosites in Layered Intrusion by Reactive Volatile-rich Fluid Infiltration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Drilling related to development of the platinum-group element deposit of the J-M Reef of the Stillwater Complex returned samples of a rare chromitite seam between anorthosite and norite in a discordant anorthositic body. Plagioclase core An concentrations are marginally higher and modestly reversely zoned on the norite side (average Ancore = 83·8; average Ancore – Anrim = –1·1) as compared with the anorthosite side (average Ancore 82·5; average Ancore – Anrim = +1·0). The anorthosites are also characterized by a slightly smaller average plagioclase grain size than plagioclase in the norite (1·41 mm and 1·54 mm, respectively). The chromite can contain single and polyphase inclusions of orthopyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, biotite and Cl-rich apatite. These and other compositional and textural features, as well as inference from other discordant anorthositic bodies in the Banded series, are all consistent with a chromatographic model of chromite precipitation at a reaction front as a norite protolith reacts with a Cl-rich aqueous fluid saturated in plagioclase alone. Chromitite seam formation is modeled using an infiltration metasomatic model, in which a fluid becomes progressively undersaturated in pyroxene as it rises into the hotter part of the crystal pile. As this pyroxene-undersaturated fluid moves through a noritic protolith, it dissolves the Cr-bearing orthopyroxene to produce an anorthosite. Chromite precipitates at the reaction front between the anorthosite and the norite owing to liberation of Mg and Cr from pyroxene. Continuous redissolution and reprecipitation of chromite occurs as the pyroxene dissolution front moves in the direction of fluid flow, collecting the Cr lost from the anorthosite. Owing to Cr dissolved mainly as a neutral divalent cation complex, CrCl(OH)0, in the solution, but incorporated as a trivalent cation in chromite, the required redox reaction can involve concurrent precipitation of sulfide with chromite. This mechanism differs from some recent models in that the anorthosites are themselves replacement bodies and are not original precipitates from a magma nor formed by loss of mafic material by partial melting. The results show the need for experimental mineral solubility data at T and P conditions appropriate to upper crustal mafic–ultramafic intrusions.
Cochliobolus verruculosus . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus verruculosus . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Avena, Buchloë, Chloris, Cynodon, Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Leptochloa, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Saccharum, Sorghum, Triticum, Typha and Zea . Also from many dicotyledenous hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spots, dry-rot of pineapple (61, 6510; 68, 2757), associated with crown rot of banana (54, 4051) and seed decay of sugarcane (63, 3545). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Burma, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, USA, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Yemen, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne (67, 4997).
Raman intensities of propane in the gas phase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An experimental and theoretical study of the vibrational Raman intensities of propane in the gas phase is presented. The absolute scattering coefficients and depolarization ratios corresponding to clearly separated spectral zones (made up of one or more vibrational modes) have been measured. The absolute scattering coefficients and depolarization ratios for each normal vibrational mode have been determined theoretically using the hypothesis that bond polarizabilities are transferable. Ethane parameters from previous work and the vibrational eigenvectors deduced from a propane force field given in the literature were used to apply this hypothesis.
Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Solution to the Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The demand for developing novel antimicrobial drugs has increased due to the rapid appearance and global spread of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer distinct advantages over traditional antibiotics, such as broad-range efficacy, a delayed evolution of resistance, and the capacity to enhance human immunity. AMPs are being developed as potential medicines, and current computational and experimental tools aim to facilitate their preclinical and clinical development. Structural and functional constraints as well as a more stringent regulatory framework have impeded clinical translation of AMPs as possible therapeutic agents. Although around four thousand AMPs have been identified so far, there are some limitations of using these AMPs in clinical trials due to their safety in the host and sometimes limitations in the biosynthesis or chemical synthesis of some AMPs. Overcoming these obstacles may help to open a new era of AMPs to combat superbugs without using synthetic antibiotics. This review describes the classification, mechanisms of action and immune modulation, advantages, difficulties, and opportunities of using AMPs against multidrug-resistant pathogens and highlights the need and priorities for creating targeted development strategies that take into account the most cutting-edge tools currently available. It also describes the barriers to using these AMPs in clinical trials.