jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Savanna Chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal, Navigate a Fire Landscape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal, appear to be able to predict the "behavior" of wildfires of various intensities. Although most wildfires are avoided, even the most intense fires are met with relative calm and seemingly calculated movement by apes in this arid, hot, and open environment. In addition to reviewing instances of such behavior collected during the course of the Fongoli study, we also report chimpanzees' use of burned landscapes during the dry season, when more than 75% of these apes' home range may be burned annually. In burned areas, chimpanzees spent more time foraging and traveling than in unburned areas. Chimpanzees' behavior in a fire context can help inform paleoanthropological hypotheses regarding early members of our own lineage and can provide insight into the ability of early hominins to conceptualize the behavior of fire and thus set the stage for our lineage's use of fire.
Successes and Challenges of Family and Consumer Science Extension Agents in the Implementation of Couple and Relationship Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although healthy relationship initiatives are becoming more common, relatively little is known about the processes and outcomes of these initiatives. This study uses a phenomenological qualitative approach to examine the experiences of Family and Consumer Science (FCS) extension agents in the implementation of couple and relationship education in the Utah Healthy Relationship Initiative. Data were collected through quarterly report forms submitted by extension agents describing successes and barriers to their work. Successes in the project related to collaborative partnerships, attendance/participation, and positive outcomes for participants. Collaborative partnerships were instrumental in reaching more participants and finding cultural resources. The challenges that agents reported included constraints for participants and agents' difficulties with resources. The findings underscore the benefits of creating flexible, low-intensity, and low-cost activities that attract participants and reduce some of the barriers to participation, as well as teaming up with community organizations to implement couple and relationship education programs.
Micro‐enterprise supply chain management in developing countries

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose A majority of citizens in the developing world rely upon self‐employment and micro‐enterprise operations as their primary and only source of income. The purpose of this paper is to examine how micro‐enterprise owners in the developing world can improve their standard of living by better managing their supply chains. Design/methodology/approach By relying upon case‐study methodology, propositions are derived. Findings Such propositions should provide direction to activists and governments in raising the productivity of such enterprises, hence reducing poverty. Originality/value Examining the relevant literature in relation to field observations helps identify a number of important issues which need to be examined further by academicians.
Pedestal study across a deuterium fuelling scan for highδELMy H-mode plasmas on JET with the carbon wall

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the results from a new fuelling scan database consisting of 14 high triangularity (δ ∼ 0.41), type I ELMy H-mode JET plasmas. As the fuelling level is increased from low, (ΓD ∼ 0.2 × 1022 el s−1, ne,ped/nGW = 0.7), to high dosing (ΓD ∼ 2.6 × 1022 el s−1, ne,ped/nGW = 1.0) the variation in ELM behaviour is consistent with a transition from 'pure type I' to 'mixed type I/II' ELMs (Saibene et al 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 1769). However, the pulses in this new database are better diagnosed in comparison to previous studies and most notable have pedestal measurements provided by the JET high resolution Thomson scattering (HRTS) system. We continue by presenting, for the first time, the role of pedestal structure, as quantified by a least squares mtanh fit to the HRTS profiles, on the performance across the fuelling scan. A key result is that the pedestal width narrows and peak pressure gradient increases during the ELM cycle for low fuelling plasmas, whereas at high fuelling the pedestal width and peak pressure gradient saturates towards the latter half of the ELM cycle. An ideal MHD stability analysis shows that both low and high fuelling plasmas move from stable to unstable approaching the ideal ballooning limit of the finite peeling–ballooning stability boundary. Comparison to EPED predictions show on average good agreement with experimental measurements for both pedestal height and width however when presented as a function of pedestal density, experiment and model show opposing trends. The measured pre-ELM pressure pedestal height increases by ∼20% whereas EPED predicts a decrease of 25% from low to high fuelling. Similarly the measured pressure pedestal width widens by ∼55%, in poloidal flux space, whereas EPED predicts a decrease of 20% from low to high fuelling. We give two possible explanations for the disagreement. First, it may be that EPED under predicts the critical density, which marks the transition from kink-peeling to ballooning-limited plasmas. Second, the stronger broadening of the experimental pedestal width than predicted by EPED is an indication that other transport related processes contribute to defining the pedestal width such as enhanced inter-ELM transport as observed at high fuelling, for mixed type I/II ELMy pulses.
Integrating Pathologic Stage and Perioperative Circulating Tumor Cell Variations: Early Relapse Prediction Model for Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE The primary therapeutic objective for patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the prevention of disease relapse. This study aimed to examine the correlation between perioperative circulating tumor cell (CTC) variations and disease relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine patients with resectable NSCLC were enrolled and classified into cohort 0-1a and cohort 1b-4 on the basis of the presence of lymph node metastasis. CTC levels were measured, and their correlation with disease-free survival was analyzed. RESULTS In cohort 0-1a, patients with a CTC count difference between postoperative day 3 and postoperation of <2.75, and a difference between postoperative day 3 and postoperation day 1 of <–0.25, showed no disease relapse. In cohort 1b-4, patients with a CTC count difference between postoperative day 3 and postoperation ≥6.25 had the highest risk of relapse, with all patients experiencing relapse within 2 years. For those with a difference <6.25, most relapses were identified within 2 years postoperation. CONCLUSION The proposed relapse prediction model effectively identified patients with no risk for disease relapse in cohort 0-1a and those with the highest risk for relapse in cohort 1b-4. These results may assist physicians in focusing on and prescribing adjuvant treatment for patients with a higher relapse risk.
A 0.35 &#x03BC;m 700 V BCD technology with self-isolated and non-isolated ultra-low specific on-resistance DB-nLDMOS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Integrated in a 0.35 μm 700 V BCD process platform, ultra-low R on, sp 700 V self-ISO (isolated) and NISO (non-isolated) DB-nLDMOS (dual P-buried-layer nLDMOS) are proposed in this paper. 800 V and 780 V are achieved for NISO and ISO DB-nLDMOS, of which R on, sp are 11.5 Ω·mm 2 and 11.2 Ω·mm 2 , respectively. Utra-low R on, sp benefits from optimized device size and strict limitations for annealing temperature and time after P-bury-layer implantation. For ISO DB-nLDMOS, by separately implanting NWELLs, NWELL drift region of low doping concentration under gate poly is achieved and then premature avalanche breakdown around bird's beak is avoided. Moreover, a 600 V DB-nJFET (dual P-buried-layer nJFET) with innovative 3D pinch-off structure is also presented.
Magneto‐Optical Interactions in Layered Magnets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rapidly emerging field of 2D magnetic materials has garnered significant attention due to its fascinating physical properties and wide‐ranging potential applications. This review highlights the importance of magneto‐optical interactions as a crucial tool for both studying and modulating 2D magnets. It offers a comprehensive survey of current research concerning magneto‐optical interactions in 2D magnetic materials, encompassing the magneto‐optical Kerr effect, reflection magnetic circular dichroism, second‐harmonic generation, photoluminescence, inelastic light scattering, and time‐resolved spectroscopy. This review discusses how these techniques provide insights into the properties of 2D magnets, enabling exploration of magnetic phase transitions, lattice alterations, spin dynamics, as well as their responses to external fields. Moreover, it emphasizes the modulation of magnetic properties by photo‐stimulation and offers a brief outlook on this swiftly developing field.
La admisibilidad del recurso de casación en la actualidad : perspectivas a la luz de la sanción del nuevo Código Procesal Penal de la Nación

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

El recurso de casación ha sufrido modificaciones sustanciales en su estructura a partir de decisiones tomadas, especialmente, por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Ello ha conllevado la necesidad de reestructurar criterios en la Cámara de Casación, al respecto. Con el presente trabajo, se buscará \nesquematizar y ordenar la jurisprudencia de la Cámara, extrayendo de esa compulsa, principios generales susceptibles de ser utilizados en el marco de la praxis penal. Asimismo, se analizará la configuración del recurso en el nuevo código procesal de la nación.
Real-time imaging of histone H4 hyperacetylation in living cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To visualize histone acetylation in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based indicator. Response of the indicator reflects changes in the acetylation state of both K5 and K8 in histone H4. Using this acetylation indicator, we were able to monitor the dynamic fluctuation of histone H4 acetylation levels during mitosis, as well as acetylation changes in response to structurally distinct histone deacetylase inhibitors.
The evolution of the Russian institutions conducting public diplomacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Modern institution responsible for the conduct of Russian public diplomacy is officially called a successor of all previous institutions operating in this field since 1925. The evolution of these institutions reflects major political changes that have been occurring through Soviet and Russian history, which proves the fact that Soviet/Russian public diplomacy has always been inseparable from the general foreign policy strategy of the state. In addition, despite profound differences between the last and the first “stages of evolution”, there is still a strong pattern of continuity.
High-Rate LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Electrode Material Synthesized by Chemical Grinding Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A facile solid state method based chemical grinding method was applied to prepare high rate LiFePO 4 . SEM test results showed that the prepared LiFePO 4 (CG-LiFePO 4 ) is more fine and uniform than that of the crude LiFePO 4 (C-LiFePO 4 ) prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. Electrochemical measurement results indicated that CG-LiFePO 4 exhibited much better high-rate characteristic than crude one which delivered a stable discharge capacity of 140 mAhg -1 , 126 mAhg -1 at 0.5C rate and 2C rate respectively.
Teeth as lithic raw material: Experiments and use-wear analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the archaeological and ethnographic evidence for use of rodent teeth as instruments, without direct modification (without manufacturing), in replacement of lithic raw materials. There are ethnographic records that describe the use of teeth, extracted from the jaw by direct manual grip or use of handles, and also used inside the jaw, which functions as a handle. Most of the teeth that appear in archaeological contexts have been studied within the framework of zooarchaeological analysis, however, there is the possibility that the dental pieces have been used as instruments, although this has rarely been considered. The objective of this work is to present the results of a comparative study of experimental work, which we carried out with beaver (Castor canadensis) and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and to discuss their similarities and differences with the traces of use of lithic material. Through macro- and microscopic analysis (Stereomicroscope and metallographic microscope), we were able to characterize and explain the natural use signs of the teeth and differentiate them from the anthropic use signs produced when they are used as instruments. These traces on a macro- and microscopic scale, have different characteristics depending on the material worked and the kinematics used, and at the same time show similarities with the traces that occur on certain lithic materials. Consequently, we believe that it is possible to develop functional analyses on teeth of different animal species, and that these analyses will contribute to our knowledge about the life forms of past societies.
A Composite Plate Theory With Rotatory Inertia, Transverse Shear, and Normal Stress Effects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A refined theory for the flexural motions of composite plates is presented. The theory incorporates rotatory inertia in addition to the influence of transverse normal strain, transverse normal stress, and transverse shear. This is of primary interest for the analysis of offshore structures as well as piping analysis. The classical wave propagation problem is used to test the proposed theory. The results indicate the influence of the transverse normal strain on the wave speed for large values of h/λ. The shear coefficient obtained from the proposed theory has a constant magnitude as opposed to the undetermined coefficient form in previous flexural motion formulations.
Blockchain Technology and Its Emerging Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter describes blockchain technology by introducing what this technology is, the history behind it, and various applications of this approach in financial and nonfinancial sectors. Several key features of using this technology are explained, with the "how" and "why" behind the technology, which is having a big impact in the digital world. Finally, this chapter provides real-world examples that utilize this method. Blockchain technology has reached the height of popularity with the advancement of Bitcoin and other digital currencies; but there are various other sectors where it could also be used. Blockchain is a combination of files that are the same on many computers and software that writes and verifies the files. Depending on the technology being used, a file contains various kinds of information, with a stamp that verifies the information. Each transaction is verified by a majority of the parties involved, and once entered, information can never be erased. Since a majority of the people or computers need to verify a transaction, there is much less chance of this technology being hacked. In other words, blockchain is much more secure than other storage systems. No one oversees this technology, and the transactions processed in it are very transparent.
Genetic Markers in Laboratory Variety Control of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The polymorphism of hordeins controlled by the Hrd A, Hrd B, and Hrd F loci in 259 varieties of spring barley approved for use in the Russian Federation was studied by electrophoresis in starch gel. For locus Hrd A, 21 alleles were identified; for locus Hrd B, 34 alleles; and for locus Hrd F, 4 alleles. The allele frequencies of these loci varied in the range of 0.4807–0.0039 (Hrd A), 0.2394–0.0039 (Hrd B), and 0.4633–0.0058 (Hrd F). The polymorphism found at the Hrd loсus theoretically allows differentiating 2856 genotypes. The studied varieties by genotypes of hordein-coding loci were distributed in 113 groups including from 1 to 31 varieties. The largest number of groups (77–68.15%) included one variety. These varieties were unique in terms of Hrd locus genotypes. Another 18 groups (15.94%) included two varieties each with identical electrophoregrams of hordein. Groups including 27 and 31 varieties with the same genetic formulas of hordein were found. The use of additional genetic markers—SSR markers and water-soluble grain proteins for differentiation and identification of barley varieties that are identical in hordeins—is discussed. The results of using electrophoretic analysis of hordein in laboratory varietal control of malting barley from 2005 to 2019 are presented. The trend of increasing lots with high varietal purity (more than 95%) from 27% in 2005 to 62–65% in 2016–2019 is shown. At the same time, over the past 5 years, the share of batches of malting barley that do not correspond to the declared varieties has decreased from 14.7% in 2015 to 4.2–4.6% in 2018 and 2019 respectively.
Effect of alcohol on apnea reflexes in young lambs

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study examined the effect of alcohol on two apnea reflexes considered to be protective mechanisms through which animals and humans preserve vital functions while they are submerged in water. The laryngeal chemoreflex and the trigeminal diving reflex were studied in unanesthetized 1- to 3-wk-old lambs. Reflex stimulation resulted in reduced ventilation or apnea, bradycardia, hypertension, and blood flow redistribution in the dive pattern. After alcohol, reflex stimulation resulted in increased apnea response, preserved blood flow redistribution, but less hypertension. The onset of regular breathing following laryngeal water stimulation was significantly delayed, after alcohol, and mechanical ventilation was used in three lambs to terminate the prolonged poststimulus apnea. Airway occlusion pressure, an index of neuromuscular inspiratory drive, decreased significantly after alcohol. The study demonstrates a potent effect of alcohol on apnea reflex responses. The effect of alcohol on respiratory drive and on the apnea reflex response should be considered when humans ingest alcohol, in particular by those participating in water sports.
Social competence in children with autism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: This paper investigates the associations of social competence with cognitive representation and communication skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), by measuring these skills in an expansive way through assessing both mental and internal-state understanding, and verbal and non-verbal communication. Methods: The data were collected from 45 Turkish children (M age=8.52 years, SD=3.05, min-max=3-14) with a diagnosis of ASD. Individual assessments were used to measure mental- and internal-state understanding. Teacher-rated scales were used to assess child's verbal and non-verbal communication skills, and social competence. Results: The results showed that social competence, cognitive representation, verbal and non-verbal communication skills were all significantly associated, but over and above cognitive representation skills and verbal communication, non-verbal communication had a salient role in adaptive social relationships of children with ASD. Conclusions: These findings have important applied implications for intervention studies and suggest that improvements of non-verbal communication skills in children with ASD might be important for increasing their positive social relations.
Correlation between some morphological and \nbiochemical traits of rice (Oryza sativa l.) \n

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The relationship between some morphological and biochemical traits in ten domestic rice varieties (Kocanski, \nOsogovka, Biser-2, Nada-115, Ranka, Prima riska, Montessa, No 51, No 69 and B 30-303), and three lines of \nspecial interest (79/22-2, 78/12-3-4 and 78/12-3-5) were analyzed. The results showed that shape of grain has \nthe highest significantly positive correlation with length of grain (r=0.897). Number of grain per panicle is \nsignificantly correlated with mass of grains per panicle (r=0.877) and fertility with leaf area (r=0.689). Proteins \ncontent has significantly negative correlation with iron in paddy (r=-0.862) and with carbohydrates content in \nwhite rice (r=-0.686), while iron content with width of grain (r=-0.719 in paddy). The derived results can be \nused as selection index for future rice improvement.
Is late-onset multiple sclerosis associated with a worse outcome?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS) is not necessarily associated with a worse outcome: first, progression in the primary progressive or relapsing patients differed little between late-onset vs adult-onset; secondly, those with LOMS were older when reaching Expanded Disability Status Scale 6. The disease course has a far greater implication for disease prognosis than the presence of LOMS.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity pharmacotherapy has evolved significantly over the past 60 years. Today, four anti-obesity medications (AOMs) are approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for the long-term treatment of obesity. Similar in approach to other chronic diseases, AOMs are indicated in combination with lifestyle modification for the management of overweight and obesity. Current guidelines recommend that individuals who have implemented lifestyle improvements for at least 6 months and have a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2 or ≥ 27 kg/m2 with an obesity-related comorbidity are eligible for weight loss medication treatment. The AOMs reviewed in this chapter include the FDA-approved medicines for chronic weight management, FDA-approved medicines for short-term use of weight management, and off-label use of medicines that have demonstrated benefits for weight control.For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG .
STUDY ON VOLATILES IN DIFFERENT PIXIAN PEA SAUCES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Volatiles in the Pixian Pea Sauces from two different factories were extracted with a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS).The results indicated that there were some differences in the number of volatiles among the two products,with Chuan-Hua pea sauce 86,Dan-Dan pea sauce 78.For the two pea sauce,the most volatiles both were the esters,then alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,and so on.The main components were 3-hydroxyl-2-butanol,2-furanmethanol,linalool,phenylethyl alcohol,3-methylbutanal,furfural,benzeneacetaldehyde,3-hydroxy-2-butanone,ethyl acetate,ethyl hexadecanoate,linoleic acid ethyl ester,ethyl octadecanoate,4-ethylphenol,4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,and so on.