jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Space Medicine: Scope, Progress and Applicability to Other Medical Fields

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Significant contributions to medical knowledge can be expected as a result of research and development in space medicine. Information about radiation, greater knowledge of physiologic responses, and improved bioinstrumentation and analysis and data storage technics are examples. Developments in bioinstrumentation may be the key to earlier diagnosis of many pathologic states. The major problems attending the medical support of man in space are reviewed, and the progress of space medicine as a national program is summarized.
Image3_Adaptation mechanisms of Alcanivorax facilitating its predominance in marine environments.tif

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Introduction<p>Alcanivorax, a typical alkane-degrading bacterium, has demonstrated the ability to utilize inorganic electron donor in some reports. However, a comprehensive analysis of its potentiality to utilize inorganic electron donor is still lacking.</p>Methods<p>In this study, genomic and phylogenetic analyzes were used to explore the potential oxidative capacity of inorganic compounds in Alcanivorax. And its functions were verified through physiological experiments.</p>Results<p>The sulfur oxidation-related genes sqr and tsdA are prevalent and have various evolutionary origins. Potential genes for CO oxidation were present in 39 strains, whereas genes associated with iron, hydrogen, and ammonia oxidation were either rare or absent. The physiological functions of Sqr and TsdA were confirmed in six representative strains under heterotrophic conditions. Adding thiosulfate enhanced Alcanivorax growth. However, Alcanivorax bacteria perform sulfide detoxification through Sqr rather than by gaining energy via sulfide oxidation Although no strain was confirmed to be chemoautotrophs, we discovered that the two clades, A. xenomutans and A. profundimaris, can grow under conditions with very low organic matter.</p>Discussion<p>The ability to utilize inorganic compounds as a supplementary energy source and adapt to carbon oligotrophic growth may contribute to the prevalence of Alcanivorax in marine ecosystems.</p>
Automated High-Throughput Hermetic Failure Monitoring System for Millimeter-Sized Wireless Implantable Medical Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an automated high-throughput hermetic failure monitoring system for millimeter-sized wireless implantable biomedical devices (IMDs). To protect the electronics from the harsh body environment as well as the body from potential toxic chemicals in the package of the IMDs, a lifetime estimation for the hermetic package of the IMDs is essential as a key part of IMD design and development. However, traditional leak tests are not suitable for the small form factor of mm-sized IMDs. The presented automated hermetic failure monitoring system can enable lifetime estimations for multiple mm-sized wireless IMDs at low cost and in a user-friendly setup. Thereby, liquid/vapor ingression into the IMD package is monitored by registering the phase-dip frequency shift of a passive LC tank. Exposing 1.3×1.3 mm 2 sized IMDs to an accelerated testing environment (1 atm, 100% RH, and 80 °C), a 186 kHz frequency resolution and a signal to noise ratio (SNR = 10log(△φ dip /φ noise )) of 21.8 ± 0.8 dB were achieved within an operating frequency range of 50-200 MHz and at 0.4 mm interrogation distance.
WITHDRAWN: Atractyloside-A ameliorates spleen deficiency diarrhea in mice by modulating Lactobacillus johnsonii to enhance butyrate production, activating GPR43, and inhibiting the assembly of NLRP3

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Spleen-deficiency diarrhea (SDD) is recognized in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment, primarily characterized by chronic and persistent diarrhea, akin to classifications in Western medicine. The disruption of the intestinal barrier and the appearance of intestinal inflammation are the direct causes of the occurrence of SDD. Therefore, restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier and reducing inflammation is an important strategy for relieving SDD. Atractyloside-A (AA), a major bioactive compound derived from the post-processing of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., is recognized as a crucial component that enhances the spleen-strengthening effects following the processing of this herb. Previous studies have indicated that AA is effective in treating SDD through the modulation of gut microbiota; however, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular pathways by which AA exerts its therapeutic effects on SDD. Results This study showed that AA significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii , promoted butyrate production, enhanced GPR43 expression, and modulated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This modulation inhibited the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, alleviated inflammation, reversed mucin synthesis damage, and reduced the pathological symptoms associated with SDD. Moreover, administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii , NaB, and SCFAs individually resulted in significant improvements in various SDD-related phenotypes. However, the beneficial effects of AA and NaB were abolished following the administration of AAV-shGPR43. Conclusion AA enhances butyrate production by regulating Lactobacillus johnsonii , activates GPR43, and inhibits the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome through modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby ameliorating SDD in mice.
Subjects of Exchange: Between Lacan and the Neue Marx-Lektüre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AbstractThis essay explores the homology between Lacanian psychoanalysis and the critique of political economy through an engagement with the work of Alfred Sohn-Rethel and the related tradition of the neue Marx-Lekture (New Reading of Marx, or NML). Without claiming an easy compatibility between the Marxian and Lacanian fields, the article establishes a dialogue founded on difference and oversight. While the unconscious figures centrally in Sohn-Rethel's account of the non-knowledge or "practical solipsism" of the subject under capitalism, critics have yet to bring a Lacanian perspective to bear on the unconscious dimension of commodity exchange. Likewise, although Lacan's early formalization of the knotting of the Imaginary and the Symbolic offers a nuanced account of the structural impersonality of the social order, its relevance for the NML theorization of the autonomization of value relations has hitherto been overlooked. Reading Lacan "with" the NML, this essay redresses these oversights through a discussion of Slavoj Žižek's interpretation of the problem of form and method in Marx and Freud, and of Michael Heinrich's exegesis of the exchange process as developed in the first volume of Capital.Key Words: ExchangeJacques LacanPsychoanalysisReal AbstractionValue AcknowledgmentsFor reading Capital and discussing the neue Marx-Lektüre, thanks to: Harry Pitt-Scott, Harry Warwick, Sean O'Brien, and Tomos Hughes. Thanks also to Clint Burnham, who read through an earlier draft and identified some blind spots. For her help with the diagrams, I am indebted to Aura Jurčiukonytė. Finally, thanks to the anonymous peer reviewers for Rethinking Marxism, who gave detailed feedback and suggestions that have improved the essay's quality.
New Anti‐Fibrotic Strategies for Keloids: Insights From Single‐Cell Multi‐Omics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Keloids are complex pathological skin scars characterised by excessive growth of fibrous tissue and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite various treatment options available, the treatment of keloids remains a major clinical challenge due to high recurrence rates and inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. By collecting three keloid tissues and three normal skin samples and utilising single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we delved into the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms of keloids. Our study identified multiple fibroblast subpopulations within keloid tissue. Enrichment and cell–cell communication analyses revealed that POSTN‐positive mesenchymal fibroblasts (POSTN+ mesenchymal fibs) are more prevalent in keloids and exhibit higher transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) signalling activity, potentially playing a central role in excessive fibrosis. In contrast, IGFBP2‐positive fibroblasts (IGFBP2+ fibs) are more abundant in normal skin, insensitive to TGF‐β and Periostin signalling, and possess anti‐fibrotic potential, possibly related to limited tissue repair and regenerative capacity. Trajectory analysis inferred the differentiation states and patterns of different fibroblast subpopulations. Additionally, we explored the heterogeneity of endothelial cells, finding an endothelial cell subpopulation (EC10) exhibiting mesenchymal activation characteristics, which may work with specific fibroblasts to promote abnormal angiogenesis and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition processes. Spatial transcriptomics analysis has shown that the proportion of IGFBP2+ fibroblasts relatively increases in acne keloidalis after hormonal treatment, further demonstrating their value as potential therapeutic targets. Ultimately, we separated these two subpopulations using flow cytometry, highlighting their opposing roles in the secretion of the ECM. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of keloids and lay the theoretical foundation for the development of innovative anti‐fibrotic treatment strategies.
Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear Gas Turbine Performance Diagnostics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The features of linear performance diagnostic methods are discussed, in comparison to methods based on full non-linear calculation of performance deviations, for the purpose of condition monitoring and diagnostics. First, the theoretical background of linear methods is overviewed to establish a relationship to the principles used by non-linear methods. Then computational procedures are discussed and compared. The effectiveness of determining component performance deviations by the two types of approaches is examined, on different types of diagnostic situations. A way of establishing criteria to define whether non-linear methods have to be employed is presented. An overall assessment of merits or weaknesses of the two types of methods is attempted, based on the results presented in the paper.
Investigating the Link between Flow, Perceived Feedback and Performance in Art

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study set out to investigate the effect of flow experienced during artistic activities on performance. Furthermore, the study looked into how the relationship between flow and performance was affected by a moderating variable, namely the perceived feedback given by art teachers. Based on a non-experimental cross-sectional model, the research included a sample of 108 students of various art degrees. The results suggested that flow predicts performance in art (ΔR2 = .10, p < .001), while perceived feedback acts as a moderator on the link between flow and performance (F(3, 104) = 11.17, p < .001), having a buffering effect and not an enhancing effect as this study initially proposed (ΔR2 = .057, β = -.24, p < .01). Moreover, a separate moderation analysis was performed for each subscale of the perceived feedback measuring instrument. Some possible explanations of the buffering effect are presented based on the scientific literature.
Memory and Identity in ‘Irish’ Australia: Constructing Alterity in Belfast (Port Fairy), c. 1857-1873

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins by locating The Banner of Belfast within the twin narratives of Belfast's foundation and the construction of the local 'Irish' cultural landscapes; the latter is the modern locality. It focuses on the archives of a mid-nineteenth century provincial Victorian news-paper, The Banner of Belfast, to explore the ways in which Ireland was remembered, imagined and contested among the Irish emigrant community in Belfast, a regional port in Victoria's far south-west. The chapter discusses how the contested representations were used to (re)construct notions of self and other within the Irish emigre community; and how these ideas of alterity related to the reconstitution in Australia of aspects of the normative structures of nineteenth-century Irish social and clerical authority. Particular attention is paid to the role of memory in these reformulations of identity and selfhood, and to its sometimes fictive character. The chapter presents the issues in The Banner – colonial land ownership, and the Catholic Church in Victoria.
Fragmented medial coronoid process in a cat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fragmented medial coronoid process is common in dogs, but has only been described in the cat once historically. This case describes a case of presumed traumatic fragmented medial coronoid process in a cat, which presented for right thoracic limb lameness of 3‐month duration, which did not respond to medical management. A computed tomography study demonstrated the fragmented medial coronoid process, and surgical removal of the fragment was performed via arthrotomy without complication. Histological examination of the fragment did not show microdamage of the bone or osteocyte loss, which is evident in developmental cases of fragmented medial coronoid process, and was suggestive of a historical fracture that resulted in non‐union. The patient improved postoperatively, but still experiences intermittent lameness after periods of exertion.
Scale resolving simulations of coherent unsteadiness over a benchmark configuration at a subcritical Reynolds number

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Within the framework of eddy-resolving simulation, this paper aims to study the potential of two advanced turbulence modeling approaches in resolving turbulence scales over a reference geometry. Two k-ω SST based-scale resolving schemes are applied on a circular cylinder with a splitter immersed in turbulent flow at a sub-critical Reynolds number of around 3 × 104. The scale resolving computations starts with RANS predictions using the SST model where spatial and temporal grid studies are to be performed to craft the numerical mesh resolution required. With a standard k-ω SST model the results of the spatial and temporal grid sensitivity studies on the 2D domain give optimum mesh and timestep size to demonstrate the Strouhal number of 0.238 and unsuppressed vortex shedding after the rigid splitter. The vortex shedding phenomenon was also proven in an experimental study with a similar Reynolds number and equivalent ratios of splitter thickness and length to the cylinder diameter of 0.09 and 2.72, respectively. Under the optimum mesh and timestep size, comparison of the Strouhal number on 2D and 3D domains with one of the experiment is also performed, serving as a baseline point to modify the production of turbulent kinetic energy term in the k-transport equation of the standard k-ω SST model in order to evade an excessive generation of the turbulent kinetic energy due to the existence of a stagnation region ahead of the cylinder. On the 3D domain with the numerical ingredients, the computational results obtained with a modified k-ω SST model provide an encouraging result closer to the experimental data, giving the Strouhal number of 0.234. To study the inherent strategies in the two vorticity resolving schemes, the highest levels of the spatial and temporal grids are used. This is crucial to detect whether or not the finest mesh is prone to a numerical problem in one of the scale resolving formulations. During this stage, the ratio of the grid length scale to the RANS integral length scale, which is the functions of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation, in critical regions is scrutinized to be less than 0.1 – 0.2 to maintain high-quality mesh. The numerical results from the modified k-ω SST based-hybrid RANS-LES proposals suggest a prospective approach based on the modification of the dissipation term in the k-transport equation to be used even with a coarser grid, which is able to resolve turbulence scales on the configuration. The Strouhal number of 0.189 predicted by the superior model is close to a reference value in the experiment. The weakness and strategy in each scale resolving scheme are discussed within the context of crucial issues in the progress of the non-zonal hybrid RANS-LES models.
İmatinib Mesilat (Gleevec, 4-(4-Metil-Piperazin-1-İlmetil)-N-[4-Metil-3-(4-Piridin-3-İl-Pirimidin-2-İlamino)-Fenil]-Benzamid Metansülfonat) Anologlarının sentezine yönelik çalışmalar.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Imatinib mesylate is indicated for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and unresectable and/or metastatic malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). By the application of this anticancer drug, problems occurs in terms of stability and activity. Computer assisted design (CAD) works showed that the modification of the B and C part molecule can increase the effectivity of the drug. The new derivatives of the drug will be obtained to change some part of the B and C segments. The total synthesis of a new imatinib mesylate will be done and the activity tests are going to be determined in collaboration with other groups.
The Modelling of Compressive Strength of Concrete on Discrete Element Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper investigates the compressive strength of concrete in a 3-dimensional contact problem using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). This method was chosen because it can simulate the development of a single fracture up to massive fragmentation, including cracks pattern and coalition. The experimental test consisted of four cubes with 150x150x150 mm in dimensions, the constant of axial load applied to each specimen of 0.05Po up to 0.70Po. The data analysis has been carried out in Discrete Element and opensource three-dimensional code (YADE). The spherical Particles were used to the material models of concrete cubes. The pulse velocity parameter proposed to determine the behavior of the material during loading. The DEM and pulse velocity results illustrate the conformity of the relationship between stress and strain, deformation characteristics, and compressive strength of concrete.
Towards an unambiguous determination of the structure of the hadronic neutral current

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of removing the ambiguities from a model-independent determination of the couplings of the hadronic neutral current is considered. It is shown that a residual ambiguity, difficult to be removed, affects previous determinations, due to both the experimental uncertainties and the use of multiparameter numerical best fits. Starting from a recent updated analysis of the deep-inelastic scattering data, inclusive of radiative corrections, and making use of an analytic approach to the problem, it is seen that the comparison with an analysis of the single-pion production data at intermediate energies, not only (i) leads to discarding, with better evidence than previously, the so-called dominantly isoscalar solution, but also (ii) allows the residual ambiguity to be solved. The unique solution so obtained represents a substantial improvement in the determination of the couplings, in particular, as far as the isoscalar piece of the hadronic neutral current is concerned, with a better agreement than in the past with the standard model.
International trends in the digitization of monetary and financial relations: from globalization to decentralization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The need for the use of new, digital forms of organization of monetary and financial settlements with foreign partners, as well as the formation of a national system of secure payments. The article presents the result of analysis of motivations of introduction of digital currencies of central banks (positive and negative moments of the considered process). The article gives an overview of existing international payment systems, including the Russian one, and identifies advantages and disadvantages. The main tendencies of the cryptocurrency market as a possible mechanism of formation of decentralized finance are considered.
A Novel Tri-Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Deformed Split Ring Resonator for WLAN/WIMAX Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing demand for different applications of antennas, especially multi-band and ultra-wideband antenna, we propose a novel tri-band, ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with deformed split ring resonator (DSRR). The antenna consists of a partly covered ground plane and a deformed split ring resonator. By integrating the partly covered ground plane and the deformed split ring resonator and optimizing with CST Microwave Studio numerically, the proposed antenna produces three working bands ranging from 2.87GHz to 3.92GHz, 5.08 to 6.30GHz and 7.55 to 9.32GHz, which also satisfy the requirement of UWB. The three working bands cover the WIMAX band in 3.5GHz, the WLAN bands in 5.2/5.8GHz, and X-band, respectively. The radiation pattern is omnidirectional and the direction gain at every frequency is above 3.2 dBi. So the proposed antenna is suitable for multi-band communication applications.
Research Paper: The Relationship between Social Support and Life Satisfaction among Elderly Nursing Home Residents in Tehran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and life satisfaction in nursing home residents in Tehran. Methods & Materials The study was a cross-sectional - correlational research. The statistical society con sists of all elderly people living in nursing homes in Tehran. The sample size which reduced to 150 (105 males and 45 females) of the 3, 10 and 20 urban districts of Tehran through cluster and random sampling methods. Measurement instruments were Vaux social support questionnaire (SS-A) and Diener life satis faction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using spss-17 software through descriptive (mean and stan dard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t test, Pearson correlation, Kolmogorov-Smirnof and enter sample liner regression). Results The results showed that there was a significant relationship between social support and life sat isfaction in elderly nursing home residents (P=0.035), However, significant differences was not found in social support (P=0.082) and life satisfaction (P=0.061) betweenelderly men and women. Regression analysis indicated that social support has a liner relationship with life satisfaction, and can predict its changes. Conclusions Based on mentioned results, receiving social support from family, friends and acquaintanc es, can contribute to a greater life satisfaction in the elderly living in nursing homes. A B S T R A C T