jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pattle’s Bubble-Stability Method in the Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The following report deals with Pattle's alveolar bubble-stability method for surfactant studies in rats. There was no difference in stability ratio of bubbles obtained from separate lung lobes without gross pathological lesions. Bubble stability was not influenced by microscopic illumination (used only briefly for photographing) and by 1-day storage at plus 4degrees C. The stability ratio was significantly lower in distilled water in comparison with the value obtained in isotonic saline. If the time interval passing from squeezing of the bubbles to the time of the first measurement is strictly retained, the reliability of the method is satisfactory. The use of cummulative distribution curves of individual stability ratios' values and non-parametric testing of such results is recommended.
TEACHING COMMUNITY INTERPRETING AT UNIVERSITY: A CHALLENGE OF THE MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appears in: INTED2018 Proceedings Publication year: 2018Pages: 6683-6686ISBN: 978-84-697-9480-7ISSN: 2340-1079doi: 10.21125/inted.2018.1572Conference name: 12th International Technology, Education and Development ConferenceDates: 5-7 March, 2018Location: Valencia, Spain
FIGURE 96. Taraxacum dilutum. A in Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 96. Taraxacum dilutum. A detail of flower heads and involucres (S 12-27574). Scale bar = 10 mm.
Comparative Immunologic Studies on Fish and Invertebrate Collagens

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rabbit antisera prepared against collagens from carp and two invertebrate species were fractionated using an immunoadsorption technique. The two antibody fractions, one with and one without affinity for the rabbit collagen immunoadsorbent, were investigated for cross-reaction with various collagens derived from mammalian, fish and invertebrate species by hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition studies. The antibody fractions without affinity for rabbit collagen, representing the main fractions, reacted only with the kind of collagen used for immunization or, to a smaller extent, with collagens from closely related species. The second type of antibody fractions (with affinity for rabbit collagen) exhibited cross-reaction with all the collagens investigated.
The functionality of mitochondria differentiates human spermatozoa with high and low fertilizing capability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial membrane potential (m) is a major parameter that reflects mitochondrial functionality. Regarding the importance of mitochondria in spermatozoa motility, testing mitochondrial functions by means of m determination could be one component of the male fertility diagnostic, possibly enhancing the routine semen analysis index. Thus, several studies have proposed a potential role for m in predicting sperm fertilizability in ejaculated human spermatozoa (1‐4). Despite these correlative studies, the biological characterization of spermatozoal fertilization capacities according to their m still is lacking. Estimation of m in spermatozoa by using many different cationic lipophilic fluorescent dyes has been performed for more than 15 years. These dyes accumulate in sperm mitochondria depending on m, and thefluorescence intensity of accumulatedfluorochromes relies on this potential (5). We recently demonstrated elsewhere (5) that these potentiometric probes particularly are suitable for flow cytometric evaluation of m in sperm samples from infertile patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that the choice of these potentiometric dyes depends on their fluorescence characteristics to use them in combination with other fluorescent markers. Flow cytometry also permits separation, by cell sorting, of spermatozoa according to the m without major deleterious effects on viability (6). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between m, sperm quality and fertilization potential. Thus, by using flow cytometric cell sorting, we tested several sperm characteristics including sperm motion parameters, morphology, and spontaneous and calcium ionophore‐induced acrosome reaction (AR) in viable spermatozoa in relation to their m.
The Ordinary Notion of “Democracy”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter is about why we should care about the ordinary notion of “democracy” and not just about stipulative definitions from theorists. One way in which it approaches that topic is through an understanding of how the terms “democracy” and “democratic” are used in English. It gives several arguments for the importance of paying attention to and showing interest in the ordinary notion of “democracy,” which has been a topic of discussion, a source of fundamental disagreement, and a central motivator of social change, wars, and revolutions for the past 2,000 years. The chapter connects and compares this discussion with concepts and data in other parts of philosophy such as epistemology and moral philosophy.
Influence of Microplate Mixing on Binding Assays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Microplate-based analytical assays represent one of the most commonly used tools for the sensitive and reproducible detection of bioactive molecules. However, despite the widespread use of microplate assays, the degree of optimisation of the experimental procedures is questionable [1]. Effective mixing is expected to shorten incubation periods, increase reproducibility and sensitivity. To investigate this, the association of cytoadhesive lectins and lectin-modified nanoparticles to epithelial cell monolayers was determined under stationary and mixing conditions.
Predictive Controllers for Simultaneous Tracking and Disturbance Rejection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes how a recently developed predictive control method for rejecting individual disturbance frequencies can be extended to reject disturbances in user-specified frequency ranges. This objective can be accomplished simply by injecting clusters of artificial frequencies in the design data. The paper also presents an extension of the design method to tracking control problems while maintaining the disturbance rejection capability. The design is data-based in that the controller gains can be designed directly from a set of excitation input and disturbance-corrupted output data. Such data can be generated from a complex simulation model or from the actual physical system itself. There is no need to obtain a model of the system in standard form in order to use the developed controller design method.
Risk Preferences and Demand for Insurance in Peru: A Field Experiment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the results of behavioral economic experiments conducted in Peru to examine the relationship amongst risk preferences, loan take-up, and insurance purchase decisions. This area-based yield insurance can help reduce people's vulnerability to large scale covariate shocks, and can also lower the loan default probability under extreme negative covariate shocks. In a context of collateralized formal credit markets, we provide suggestive evidence that insurance may help reduce the fear of losing collateral that prevents potential borrowers from taking loans. Framing these experiments to recreate a real life situation, we started with a Baseline Game where subjects had to choose between a fallback production project and an uninsured loan. We then introduced a third project choice--loan with yield insurance (Insurance Game)--which allows us to measure the effect of introducing insurance on the demand for loans. Overall, more than 50 percent of the subjects are willing to buy insurance in this insurance game. Further, controling for the number of peers in the ag network, wealth, and choices made in the baseline game, we find that the project choice decision is predicted by a judgment bias known as hot-hand effect, and risk aversion. In the latter case, the shape of the relationship is quadratic, meaning that highly risk averse subjects will prefer switching to the risky, uninsured loan project, while those showing a low and moderate risk aversion will stick to the safer (fallback or insured loan) projects.
Changing the solvent accessibility of the prion protein disulfide bond markedly influences its trafficking and effect on cell function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prion diseases are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative diseases that result from structural conversion of the prion protein into a disease-associated isoform. The prion protein contains a single disulfide bond. Our analysis of all NMR structures of the prion protein (total of 440 structures over nine species) containing an explicit disulfide bond reveals that the bond exists predominantly in a stable low-energy state, but can also adopt a high-energy configuration. The side chains of two tyrosine residues and one phenylalanine residue control access of solvent to the disulfide bond. Notably, the side chains rotate away from the disulfide bond in the high-energy state, exposing the disulfide bond to solvent. The importance of these aromatic residues for protein function was analysed by mutating them to alanine residues and analysing the properties of the mutant proteins using biophysical and cell biological approaches. Whereas the mutant protein behaved similarly to wild-type prion protein in recombinant systems, the mutants were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells and degraded by the proteasomal system. The cellular behaviour of the aromatic residue mutants was similar to the cellular behaviour of a disulfide bond mutant prion protein in which the cysteine residues were replaced with alanine, a result which is consistent with an unstable disulfide bond in the aromatic residue mutants. These observations suggest that the conformation of the prion protein disulfide bond may have implications for correct maturation and function of this protein.
Metabolically normal obese people are protected from adverse effects following weight gain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and increased intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content, both of which are key risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, a subset of obese people does not develop these metabolic complications. Here, we tested the hypothesis that people defined by IHTG content and insulin sensitivity as "metabolically normal obese" (MNO), but not those defined as "metabolically abnormal obese" (MAO), are protected from the adverse metabolic effects of weight gain. METHODS. Body composition, multiorgan insulin sensitivity, VLDL apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) kinetics, and global transcriptional profile in adipose tissue were evaluated before and after moderate (~6%) weight gain in MNO (n = 12) and MAO (n = 8) subjects with a mean BMI of 36 ± 4 kg/m2 who were matched for BMI and fat mass. RESULTS. Although the increase in body weight and fat mass was the same in both groups, hepatic, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity deteriorated, and VLDL apoB100 concentrations and secretion rates increased in MAO, but not MNO, subjects. Moreover, biological pathways and genes associated with adipose tissue lipogenesis increased in MNO, but not MAO, subjects. CONCLUSIONS. These data demonstrate that MNO people are resistant, whereas MAO people are predisposed, to the adverse metabolic effects of moderate weight gain and that increased adipose tissue capacity for lipogenesis might help protect MNO people from weight gain-induced metabolic dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01184170. FUNDING. This work was supported by NIH grants UL1 RR024992 (Clinical Translational Science Award), DK 56341 (Nutrition and Obesity Research Center), DK 37948 and DK 20579 (Diabetes Center Grant), and UL1 TR000450 (KL2 Award); a Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research Early Career Development Award; and by grants from the Longer Life Foundation and the Kilo Foundation.
Extraction, Encapsulation, and Biological Activity of Phenolic Compounds, Alkaloids, and Acetogenins from the Annona Genus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Annona muricata, Annona cherimola, and Annona squamosa belong to the Annonaceae family and represent the most commercially cultivated fruits of the Annona genus. The roots, stem bark, leaves, peel, seeds, and pulp of these Annona species have been recognized as valuable sources of biologically active compounds with potential pharmaceutical uses. The main bioactive compounds identified are polyphenols, alkaloids, and acetogenins, principally obtained by maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. Encapsulation may improve the stability and application of extracts in biological systems. These extracts and isolated compounds have exhibited antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. The objective of this chapter is to report the current scientific advances of bioactive compounds from A. muricata, A. cherimola, and A. squamosa, considering the extraction and encapsulation technologies of these compounds, as well as their potential biological activity.
Comparative Effects of High and Low Frequency Deep Muscle Stimulation on Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A total of 126 patients were divided into three groups in this study: a high-frequency group (60 Hz), a low-frequency group (30 Hz), and a control group. Each group underwent routine rehabilitation, medications, and whole course nutrition nursing. The high-frequency group received deep muscle stimulation at 60 Hz for 10 min daily over 14 days. The low-frequency group was treated with deep muscle stimulation at 30 Hz. Compared to the control group, deep muscle stimulation, particularly at lower frequencies, resulted in improved outcomes as indicated by lower scores on the modified Ashworth scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and higher scores on the modified Tardieu scale, Fugl-Meyer motor assessment, and Brunnstrom index. Furthermore, the Barthel index and stroke-specific quality of life scores were higher in the deep muscle stimulation groups, especially the low-frequency group. No significant differences in nutritional status were observed among the groups post-intervention. In summary, varying frequencies of deep muscle stimulation, alongside whole-course nutrition management, showed potential in reducing lower limb muscle tone and enhancing the quality of life in stroke patients. The therapeutic outcomes in the low-frequency group were more favorable compared to those in the high-frequency group.
Building Functional Diagram of Cargo Delivery to Describe and Research Processes in Freight Forwarding Company based on the IDEFO Standard (SADT)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article exposes the prospects of using structured analysis and design technique (SADT), its advantages and capacities for the study of processes in a freight forwarding company to improve the quality system for consigner service provision. We review the modeling of high-capacity container (HCC) transportation by a transport and logistics company using the SADT method and IDEFO notation, as well as the efficiency of using the SADT methodology to describe and research freight forwarding processes that can be confirmed by the list of its key application areas.
Comparison of The Drug Action Among Three Kinds of Grain Size of Nux Vomica Powder

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To observe the influences of three kinds of grain size of nux vomica powder on the rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.Methods:Seventy rats were divided into 7 groups according to their body weight:nux vomica power NO.1,NO.2,NO.3 group,nux vomica power NO.2 half dosage group,nux vomica power NO.3 half dosage group,nux vomica power NO.3 1/3 dosage group and model control group,model established and administration for 21 days,the rats were examined serum NO,TNF-α,and weighing once every 7 days.Results:The effects of NO.2,NO.3 power were better than NO.1 power,the quivalent dose of NO.3 power was about 1/3 same as NO.1 power.Conclusion:It can improve drug action obviously by ultramicro process to nux vomica powder.
Watching Dreams con Lord Lydia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Left Turns in Brown Study, Sandra Ruiz proposes “the turn” as a heuristic, a new methodology for emancipatory directives for study. Guiding readers on a theoretical journey marked by Brownness, mourning, and the poetics of citation, Ruiz enacts Brown study shaped by the musicality of diverse forms, primarily poetry, though including memoir, a lyrical-theoretical essay, typographical turn pages, and vignettes. Working from within theory and activism by minoritarian thinkers, Left Turns links several concepts as entangled operations by animating a chorus of ghosts and spirits. Through typographical composition, Left Turns invites embodied readers to turn left into a sound, phrase, idea, in anti-colonial ways of reading, writing, listening, mourning. Continually reordering the dominant circular motions of time and space, the text asks readers to move intentionally with and through blind spots and uses repetition to redirect the reader in the fundamental rhythms of doing again in doing study. Left Turns considers how Brownness—as a theory, practice of deforming form, entity, curious care, immaterial energy—fundamentally harbors loss, mourning, and suffering along with the possibility for more abundant ways of living together queerly.
Analysis on growth and characteristic of immune enzymes activity of Penaeus monodon family under environment-stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The response of Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Acid Phosphatase(ACP), and Phenoloxidase(PO) in Penaeus monodon families to normal growth, low temperature stress and high ammonia stress was studied under laboratory condition.Growth in terms of specific growth rate(SGR) was significant difference among the selected families(p0.05). The activities of ACP were significant difference among family 077, 017 and 661. The activities of SOD were significant difference between family 4612 and family 017. When the rearing temperature decreased from 27 ℃ to 20℃, the activities of ACP and SOD first increased and then decreased, the activities of PO reduced prolonged according to the low temperature stress, and the minor changes of control trial were not regular. Under the high ammonia stress, the activities of ACP increased prolonged, the activities of SOD increased in 0 8 h, then rapidly decreased in 8 48 h, the activities of PO reduced in 0 48 h, and the minor changes of control trial were not regular. The activities of immune enzymes of some families were significant differences, and three immune enzymes activities of family 4612 higher than that of other families under the high ammonia stress. A negative correlation was found between the specific growth rate and the activities of ACP, SOD and PO of ten families in three trials.
Pneumatic Compression Combined with Standard Treatment after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Effects on Edema of the Operated Limb and on Physical Outcomes. A Clinical Randomized Control Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful orthopedic procedures and is highly effective in improving function and quality of life. However, after discharge patients commonly experience edema, which can lead to health consequences and lower quality of life. For these rea-sons, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific intermittent leg pneumatic compression on lower limb edema and physical outcomes in patients after total hip arthroplasty, compared to standard conservative treatment. A total of 47 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups: the pneumatic compression group (PG=24) and the control group (CG=23). We evaluated thigh and calf circumferences, knee and ankle range of motion, pain and walking autonomy. Our results showed a greater reduction in thigh and calf circumference for PG (p&lt;0.001), while other outcomes were similar for the two groups (p&gt;0.05). The combination of standard therapy with pneumatic leg compression was more effective in reducing lower limb edema, thigh, and calf circumferences compared to the use of standard treatment. Our results suggest that pressotherapy treatment is a valuable and efficient option for managing lower limb edema and preventing VTE after THA.
A Comparative Study of Maimonides and Avicenna's Views about Resurrection

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Avicenna and Maimonides are philosophers of religion, who were concerned about rational affirmation of their religious beliefs. Based on his Islamic view, Avicenna accepts bodily and spiritual resurrection, but has two different approaches to their acceptance. He accepts bodily resurrection not by argument but because of his faith in the Word of God, and proves spiritual resurrection by argument. He provides spiritual exoteric interpretation of resurrection and all its characteristics and attributes, and believes that pleasure and pain is eternal, belonging to the soul. It is the soul that experiences happiness or unhappiness after separating from body. The ultimate pleasure is looking at the essence of God and angels. In the same vein, Maimonides provides arguments to prove spiritual resurrection and believes in punishment and reward, and hereafter spiritual pleasure and pain. He holds that the ultimate pleasure is seeing Our Sheikh, interpreted as knowledge. The present paper seeks to compare these two philosophical views, one based on Islam and the other on Judaism.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter defines ‘appearance’ and explains how lookism, or discrimination on the basis of appearance, is important, not only in its own right but also in terms of its connection with other forms of discrimination. A test is proposed for distinguishing genuine appearance discrimination from cases in which appearance is a proxy for something else, such as membership of a racial group. Different ways in which appearance discrimination may arise are identified: it may be rooted in prejudices or stereotypes, or in non-rational reactions, or in aesthetic or moral judgements. Two normative approaches to appearance discrimination are considered, viz., libertarianism and utilitarianism, in order to distinguish them from my own. The charge that my approach, which is rooted in a pluralist theory of what makes discrimination wrong, is too individualist is considered but rejected on the grounds that it can give a central role to structural injustices.