jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design Concept for a Total Knee Replacement with Condylar Guiding Features

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Better performance of total knee replacement requires normal kinematics and higher range of motion. A potential solution can be a surface-guided knee with asymmetric configuration including a ball-and-socket articulation in the medial compartment and guiding bearing surfaces on the lateral compartment. An innovative design concept with constant bearing spacing and variable radii for the medial and lateral aspects of the lateral condyle as the guiding features is introduced as a potential design solution. This design allows for normal articulation of the patella and preservation of one or both of the cruciates. In this study, the viability of such surface-guided TKR was tested experimentally. A prototype was built and tested on the joint simulator. The results of the preliminary tests demonstrated that the reference bearing surfaces built based on the novel design concept could successfully generate motion patterns similar to the kinematics of a normal knee joint under compressive forces. The developed concept and methodologies can serve as a basis for development of a TKR with normal kinematics.
Contribution of maternal obesity and weight gain in pregnancy to the occurrence of gestational diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An increase in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was observed using new diagnostic criteria. We evaluated the prevalence of GDM in a population of pregnant women (109 women with gestational age of 24-28 weeks) and risk factors for GDM, such as maternal obesity and weight gain. The evaluation of each patient included an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the new diagnostic criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) for GDM, 2D ultrasounds and the registration of risk factors. The prevalence of GDM in the age group ?30 years was 11.9%, which is comparable to the results of other studies. The relative risk (RR) for GDM was 1.738 (95% CI 0.630-4.795) in women over 30 years and 3.782 (95% CI 1.127-12.686) in women over 35. Weight gain in the group with GDM was significantly higher than in the group that included pregnant women without GDM (p <0.01). Considering the high risk of GDM with excessive gestational weight gain, educational nutrition programs should be established for the fertile-age population, not only to prevent obesity but also to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Consumption in Lower Extremity Amputees

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Extremity amputation is a common procedure performed to treat a variety of different problems and affects quality of life in a number of ways. In addition to acute postoperative pain, amputations have been shown to cause chronic pain that is often neuropathic in many amputees. This study sought to better characterize the role of opioids in postoperative pain control in lower extremity amputees. Methods: Patients who underwent lower extremity amputation between 2010 and 2018 were identified in a national insurance-claims database using ICD-9, ICD-10, and CPT codes. Patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative opioid use, and prolonged postoperative opioid use were then determined for both groups. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the association of patient-related risk factors and neuropathic pain conditions with perioperative and prolonged postoperative opioid use. Results: In total, 2247 opioid-naive lower extremity amputees were identified. An estimated 54.7% of patients utilized opioids in the perioperative period, and 44.6% were found to have prolonged opioid use. Younger age (ages 40–50 versus older), history of chronic pain, migraines, lower back pain, Charlson Comorbidity Index greater than 1, preoperative benzodiazepine, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant use were all significantly related to prolonged postoperative opioid use. Conclusions: Prolonged postoperative opioid use is a problem that affects nearly half of lower extremity amputees and seems to be significantly related to the preoperative use of benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. Further research into the diagnosis and treatment of postamputation neuropathic pain is needed to prevent reliance on opioids in this patient population.
Growth Hormone Therapy for Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Glucocorticoid Induced Short Stature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of inherited muscle disease in childhood. DMD patients have severe growth retardation due to several reasons including chronic treatment with glucocorticoid (GC). Data regarding the efficacy and safety of Recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) treatment in DMD patients is very limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of growth hormone treatment in 4 DMD boys with glucocorticoid induced growth failure. Methods and Results: 4 prepubertal patients with DMD on high dose of GC (Deflazecort or Prednisone) at an age range between 12-13.6 years and significantly delayed bone age (8.5-11 years) were studied. rhGH was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 0.033 mg/kg/d for a duration of 12-18 months. Pretreatment annual growth rate of the 4 patients (0, 3,2.5, 1.5 cm/yr) improved during treatment (3.8, 7.8, 7.2, 3.3 cm/yr respectively). While height SD improved in 2 patients: -2.74 and -2.96 height SD to -2.52 and -2.64 height SD on rGH therapy, In the other two patients pretreatment continuous decline in height SD was arrested. Motor function decline was similar pre-growth hormone and during treatment. Cardiopulmonary function measured by ejection fraction and forced vital capacity was unchanged during the treatment period. Conclusions: This report of growth hormone therapy in DMD patients revealed an improved prepubertal growth velocity without detrimental effects observed on neuromuscular and cardiopulmonary function. Larger randomized control studies are required to prove safety and efficacy of this treatment in DMD patients.
The impact of geopolitical risk and COVID-19 pandemic stringency on Sukuk issuance in Malaysia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to examine the impacts of global geopolitical risks (GPRs) and COVID-19 pandemic stringency on the size of Sukuk issuance in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach To examine the issue, this paper collected yearly data for the Sukuk issuance from the DataStream, and the rest of the variables, including the control variables from the World Bank, were from 2018 to 2022. Several econometric approaches have been used, that is, ordinary least square (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) with fixed effects and random effects in examining the impacts. Findings The results demonstrate that global GPRs negatively impact the size of Sukuk issuance due to the investment risk during the high global geopolitical conflicts, war and rampant terrorism. Besides, the COVID-19 pandemic-related stringency also similarly affects the country's Sukuk issuance market because of the long-time lockdown measures, border closures, travel restrictions and low access to the market. The control variables also demonstrate similar results except for the gross domestic products, which shows positive and significant impacts on the Sukuk market of Malaysia. Originality/value The study's policy implications for Sukuk investors and issuers stress the importance of disclosing risk mitigation procedures, strengthening the regulatory framework and raising investor knowledge to attract and protect investors in the Sukuk sector.
Health monitoring on the Android smartphones

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This project aims help improve the health care systems for elderly such that the system can be placed at home, so that there is a safety mechanism to monitor the elderly when there is no one to look after them. It is mobile for them to carry it around on the go, or it can also be installed in their own home. The system monitors their health conditions via as their heart rate and brainwave, to check the elderly’s condition frequently. Otherwise it is able to dispense a capsule from the pill dispenser machine such that they are able to take some immediate medication first.
Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Resources and Residency Training for the Foot and Ankle Domain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Residency programs use the annual Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) prepared by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) to monitor resident progress and prepare them for the part 1 of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) Certifying Examination. The purpose of this study was to determine resources residents currently use to prepare for the OITE and also to learn about their perception of training they receive in the foot and ankle subspecialty in their program and their interest in foot and ankle fellowship after residency. Methods. An anonymous survey was sent to both allopathic programs and osteopathic residents to learn what resources residents used to study for the OITE, preparatory question sets, on-call resources, their perception on training received in foot and ankle surgery, and their intent to pursue fellowship training. Results. A total of 130 residents participated in the survey. The majority of residents in allopathic and osteopathic residencies used Orthobullets (OB) to prepare for the OITE and use this resource while on-call. Most residents also used OB question sets to study along with the AAOS self-assessment examinations. In total, 43.2% of osteopathic residents felt they did not get enough exposure to foot and ankle subspecialty while in training, in contrast to 31.2% of allopathic residents. A total of 35% of all orthopaedic surgery residents felt they lacked enough exposure to foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery. Only 7 residents (6%, 6 allopathic, 1 osteopathic) intended to pursue a foot and ankle fellowship following graduation. Conclusion. Online resources such as OB continue to be frequently used by residents for preparation for the OITE. Greater than one-third of orthopaedic residents feel they do not get enough exposure to foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery. Improvement in this area could be helped by continued endeavors from the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society such as the Visiting Professor Program and Resident Scholarship Program. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Single Cross-Sectional Study
Two-proton correlations from heavy-ion collisions: Determining the reaction zone of Ni + Ni by the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss effect

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A brief description of the application of the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss effect for determining the space-time structure of the emitting source in a nucleus-nucleus collisions is given. In this contex, a measurement of exclusive p-p correlations from 58 Ni + 58 Ni at 850 MeV is presented. Enhancement of the correlation functions for small value of Δp when a gate is applied to the relative velocity v rel has been interpreted in terms of stohastic proton emission followed by the p-p final state interaction and the size and the lifetime of the proton-emitting source deduced. A dependence of the p-p correlation function on the Δ p orientation has been found and ascribed to angular momentum effects on the correlation function.
Functional modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) by copolymerizing with a hydrophobic cationic double alkyl‐substituted monomer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this paper, a hydrophobic monomer (HM) that has a cationic double alkyl‐substituted group bonded to the nitrogen atom was first synthesized. Then a hydrophobic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was prepared by a radical solution copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) with the HM followed by an alcoholysis reaction in alkaline conditions. The structures of HM and hydrophobically modified PVA (H‐PVA) were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect of hydrophobic cationic segments on crystallization behaviors, mechanical properties, morphology, solution viscosity, and hydrophobic property were investigated. The results indicated that the crystallinity decreased from 37.2% of pure PVA to the minimum 23.2% of H‐PVA with the incorporation of 1.15 mol % HM. The thermal decomposition temperature of H‐PVA increased by about 50 °C compared with that of pure PVA. The viscosity of the H‐PVA solution was several times higher than that of the corresponding unmodified PVA solution over the whole shear rate range, which demonstrated that the H‐PVA had good shear‐resistance ability. Furthermore, the contact angle was significantly increased from 55.1° to 115° with the incorporation of only 0.83% HM, which illustrated that the H‐PVA had high hydrophobicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43888.
LIVET I FINNSKOGARNA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: IVAR LINDEBERG OCH OSCAR LUNDIN Writer: JULARBO-CALLE VALS; DRAGSPEL OCH FIOL. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 500.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 7-288330 Catalog number: A.L. 825 Other IDs from the record include: (7-288330); Bk2039
Implementation of AGV Robot Technology for the Goods Distribution Process at the Bosowa Polytechnic Teaching Factory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the modern industrial era, increasing operational efficiency and automation have become top priorities in various sectors, including manufacturing, logistics, and distribution. In this context, Robot Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) has become a highly sought-after solution to meet the increasing demands for efficiency and productivity. This study aims to implement Robot AGV technology in the distribution process of goods at the Bosowa Polytechnic Teaching Factory. This AGV robot is designed to move independently using a Pixy camera sensor that can read barcodes as a determinant of the direction of movement. This robot is equipped with a PID control system, GY-271 compass sensor, and Arduino ATmega Pro Mini microcontroller. The research method used is an experimental method that includes literature studies, system design, prototyping, and performance testing. The results of the study showed that the AGV robot was able to follow barcode instructions well, including moving right, left, or stopping. The conveyor system used in the robot is capable of carrying loads of up to 20 kg at varying speeds depending on the weight of the load. Further development is focused on improving sensor accuracy and energy efficiency.
A Predicate μ-Calculus for Value-Passing Processes and A Complete Deductive System for FO(HML)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A predicate μ calculus is proposed for describing properties of value passing processes. It is a first order logic with fixpoints. Propositions and predicates are mutually recursively defined. Predicates are functions from values to propositions, which has three forms: predicate variables, abstractions, as well as greatest and least fixed points. Formulae are interpreted over transition systems induced by symbolic transition graphs with assignments. For the finite fragment of the logic, which is named FO(HML) and similar to the modal logic proposed by Hennessy and Liu, a Gentzen style deductive system is presented, and its completeness proved using tableau technique.
Chemiluminescence Flow-Injection System for Rapid Detection of Red Tide Phytoplankton

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A chemiluminescent flow-injection analysis (FIA) system for the detection of the red tide phytoplankton Chattonella antiqua has been developed based on a Cypridina luciferin analog, 2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1, 2-α]-pyrazin-3-one (MCLA), which strongly emits light at 465 nm in the presence of superoxide. The system consisted of a two reagent feeding stream, a sample injector, a joint for mixing MCLA and sample, a chemiluminescence (CL) reaction cell, a CL detector and a recorder unit. The response time is approximately 1 min for one measurement cycle. The FIA system has an optimum pH of 10.7. The calibration curves for C. antiqua displayed linearity from 2 × 103 to 2 × 104 cells ml−1. When applied to the measurement of C. antiqua, the sensitivity obtained using the FIA system is approximately 10 times higher than that of the cytochrome c method. The FIA system is a rapid practical method for the detection of C. antiqua.
Identification and Mapping of the Effective Source Rocks-Take the Kongquehe Area of the Tarim Basin as an Example

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In Kongquehe area of the Tarim Basin,the identification of the effective source rocks is carried out on the basis of the existence of the potential source rocks.Paleozoic dark mudstone,limestone and marl and Mesozoic dark mudstone,coal seam are potential source rocks.When the potential source rocks are of features of TOC0.5%,0.5%RO4.0%,they will be effective source rocks. On the well,effective source rocks can be identified exactly by the geochemical parameters.Effective source rocks were formed in marsh,floodplain and lake in Jurassic and in shelf,half-deep-sea and basin in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician.An effective sedimentary environment model for the source rocks can be set up and be applied in the area in the between of the wells to get a distribution map of the effective source rocks.Reconstructed paleotemperature will help to eliminate immature or overmature source rocks and to define the range of the effective source rocks further.This method of identifying effective source rocks has been applied in Kongquehe area of the Tarim basin and is proven to be feasible by a new well.
The Design and Testing of Subsea Production Equipment: Current Practice and Potential for the Future

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an analysis of the current approach to the design and testing of equipment used in subsea developments. The paper critically assesses the current equipment specification, design, manufacture and testing process. An essential part of the analysis is a review of the standards used by the industry and statutory regulations which impact on this process.It raises significant questions about the efficacy of the design and testing procedures and the role of the regulating bodies in that process. It discusses the impact of poor specification and design procedures, and inadequate testing, of the safety and reliability of the equipment. As a consequence of the analysis it is suggested that the manner in which equipment is specified, designed and tested may need to be changed in order to meet future needs.The above issues are focused, by considering the production of a subsea wellhead, from specification by the operator to delivery by the manufacturer.National Mandatory Regulations and Industrial Specifications and Standards. Within the major petroleum producing nations, Governmental Mandatory regulations are combined with national and international standards and specifications to define the requirements by which the industry may operate. Some examples of these mandatory regulations are, the
Minimal Complexity Sinusoidal Controls for Path Planning

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — This article presents simple controls that generate motion in the direction of high order Lie brackets. Whereas the naive use of piecewise constant controls requires the number of switchings to grow exponentially with the length of the bracket, we show that such motion is possible with sinusoidal controls whose sum of frequencies equals the length of the bracket. This work is closely related and motivated by the study of the complexity of sub-Riemannian geodesics for generic regular distributions, i.e., whose derived flag has maximal growth vector. Of particular interest is the approximation of curves transversal to the distribution by admissible curves. We also present a surprising example that shows that it is possible to simultaneously kill higher moments without increasing the number of self-intersections of the base curve. I.
Fabrication of ~15nm noble metal HEA electrocatalyst by method of ALD and EJH for water-splitting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen as a clean fuel produces only water as its by-product, along with having the highest gravimetric density. Unfortunately, the current technology limits efficient commercial production of hydrogen, which in turn prevents a sustainable hydrogen economy. Electrocatalysts are key to improving the efficiency of water-splitting which is one of the main methods of producing hydrogen. Bulk noble metal high entropy alloys (HEAs) have been shown to exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic properties. However, cost is a barrier preventing bulk noble metal HEAs being adopted in the industry. By limiting the volume of material used, the costs of production of the catalysts can be driven down. In this study, ~15nm of noble metal HEA film by method of atomic layer deposition (ALD) in sequential order of Rhodium (Rh), Ruthenium (Ru), Iridium (Ir), Palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt) with ozone co-precursor on glassy carbon substrate followed by Electrical Joule Heating (EJH) was fabricated. The resultant film was amorphous with uniform grain, the constituent elements exhibited homogenous distribution across all regions of the film after EJH. This is the first instance of fabrication of noble metal HEA thin films below ~50nm. Electrocatalytic activity was tested for the fabricated HEA thin films in 0.01M PBS, 1M H3PO4 and 1M KOH, by methods of Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry. The overall Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) overpotential was lowered significantly compared to the control group, while the exchange current density increased by up to 260% compared to the control group. The electron transfer rate at the interface saw up to 1090% increase in 1M KOH, with similar trends for the other electrolytes. The ~15nm noble metal HEA performed comparably to the ~50nm noble metal HEA in terms of electrocatalytic activity, successfully lowering the volume of precious metal needed while maintaining efficiency. However, more research has to be performed for the stability of the HEA thin film electrocatalyst. Future recommendation for this project would be the development of fabrication of noble metal HEA thin film electrocatalyst on high aspect ratio 3D substrates by method of thermal ALD for increase effective catalytic surface area.
Quantitative design for SISO non-minimum-phase unstable plants by the singular-G method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It has been shown how a single-input-single-output (SISO) plant can be converted by several independent samplings of the output, into an equivalent multiple-input-multiple-output one, with respect to feedback system stability. The singular-G method may then be used to stabilize the system despite plant uncertainty. Only qualitative properties were previously presented. This paper presents a quantitative design procedure for such uncertain SISO plants with right half-plane poles and zeros, and some of the costs thereby incurred. The inherently large loop sensitivity is transferred from the plant to the compensators. Plant disturbances are greatly amplified rather than attenuated. But for a large class of such uncertain plants, stabilization and reasonable command response are possible.