jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
REDUCING STRESS SHIELDING AND WEIGHT AS WELL AS HELPING TO REVASCULARIZATION OF THE FEMUR BY APPLYING HONEYCOMB HOLES IN HIP PROSTHESIS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Total hip Arthroplasty is one of the most common surgeries in elderly people around the world. In spite of many successful cases, a few failures are still reported, a significant number of which relates to the effects of stress shielding. Many scientists have been working on solving this problem by enhancing the material and/or the geometry of the hip prostheses’ stems. For example, hollow-stemmed hip prostheses have been designed and tested. In this study, 30 hollow-stemmed samples were designed which were different in terms of geometry and dimension of their holes as well as the materials defined for them. Then, they were tested through finite element modeling along with validating and verifying the results using experimental and convergence tests. The results including displacements, maximum stress values and consequent safety factors were compared based on the reactions of the samples against various static loads including the loads predefined by ISO 7206-4 as well as the loads which had been previously obtained. [Formula: see text]2 designs show the least stiffness compared to other designs. Designs with 132.66[Formula: see text]mm 2 hole area are the most promising layouts for reducing weight and providing the most amount of medullary space for revascularization of the femur. In spite of designs which predictably help revascularization more than [Formula: see text]2 designs, these designs which are of the multi-hole patterns seemed to represent the best outcomes in terms of preventing stress shielding and consequently the best pattern for creating holes in the stem according to the precedence of stress shielding over other problems. The results prove the possibility of representing a promising structure which helps to reduce the weight, stress shielding and the lack of revascularization of the femur.
Study on Effects of High Concentration of Calcium Chloride Solution on Myofibrillar Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Myosin, actin, and myofibrils were incubated in 0, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L calcium chloride solutions respectively, and degradations were determined by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Results showed that there were no obvious differences when myosin and actin were treated with 100, 200, 300 mmol/L concentration compared to 0 concentration.α-actinin and troponin-T were found that degradation occurred incubated in 100, 200, 300 mmol/L calcium chloride solutions, and degradation increased with concentration of calcium chloride increasing. Incubated in 300 mmol/L calcium chloride solutions, most of α-actinin degraded, and troponin-T degraded to smaller fragment less than 30 kD.
Bi-LSTM Based Approach for Sentiment Monitoring and Analysis of E-Commerce User Behavior

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an enhanced Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network with attention mechanism for sentiment analysis in e-commerce user-generated content, integrating approaches from cognitive science, linguistics, and deep learning. Drawing on cognitive attention theories and linguistic frameworks for sentiment expression, our model implements a cognitively-inspired multi-head attention mechanism combined with domain-specific word embeddings. Experiments conducted on a combined dataset of 75,000 reviews from IMDb and Stanford Sentiment Treebank, supplemented with 10,000 Amazon product reviews, demonstrate the model’s effectiveness. The enhanced Bi-LSTM achieves 91.8% accuracy, showing improvements of 4.2% over vanilla Bi-LSTM and 2.7% over BERT-base models. Computational efficiency analysis reveals a 35% reduction in inference time while maintaining stable memory utilization at 2.8GB during peak operation. This interdisciplinary approach effectively bridges theoretical insights from cognitive science with practical applications in natural language processing, providing robust solutions for real-world sentiment analysis challenges.
Qualitative Reactions of Chlorine on Titaniferous Slags at Elevated Temperatures Without the Use of Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the past twenty-five centuries man's mastery of nature has been based largely on his ability to produce and work iron into implements, tools, and machines. This has been due to the relatively simple task of converting abundant iron ores to metallic iron. No other common metal has the durability of iron. Aluminum has sometimes been called the second most important structural metal, but its extreme softness, even in its alloys, and low melting point have barred it from heavy duty applications. Pound for pound it is stronger than iron, but its bulk is a disadvantage.\nRegardless of its durability and rather high melting point, iron has one great disadvantage - it rusts. Parts of machines must either be immersed in oil or coated with p:lint or some other more resistant metal. This coating process is both expensive and unreliable. Once the protective covering has cracked or worn off, exposing the basic metal, corrosion begins, slowly undermining the entire structure. Despite its shortcomings, iron has reigned supreme for 2500 years, and will probably continue to do so for many more years as long as its deposits remain workable. There is today, however, another star on the horizon. A metal stronger than iron, nearly as light as aluminum, and as resistant to corrosion as stainless steel, may become one of the most important of the structural metals. This metal is titanium. Although it was discovered in 1791, only during the past two decades have its properties become generally known.\nTitanium is overly fond of oxygen and nitrogen. The biggest problem in its commercial production has been to separate the metal from its oxide by a method which will allow its production at a price approaching that of the other major structural metals. There are some deposits of the oxide which are nearly 100 percent pure, but titanium occurs more abundantly in combination with other metals in rather low concentrations. A method is needed to separate either the oxide or some salt of the metal from this impure ore. That is the object of this thesis.
Sex, Gender and Culture: Issues in the Definition, Assessment and Treatment of Gender Identity Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As a diagnostic category, gender identity disorder remains problematic with ongoing debates concerning aetiology, definition and ethics of treatment. Inherent in the current DSM definition is a Western model of the relationship between sex and gender which epitomizes the tension existing between essentialist and constructivist accounts of gender development. This model determines that gender-aberrant behaviour and gender variation are, by definition, pathological, and reinforces a binary gender model. Studies of non-Western cultures reveal variations in models of gender and in the understanding of gender deviance. Cultures vary in their definition of gender roles and show varying degrees of tolerance for atypical gender behaviours and gender change. An understanding of cultural context is important in the clinical assessment of a typical gender development and challenges current models of sex and gender.
Cells in the Body Politic: Social identity and hospital construction in Peronist Argentina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the critical role played by social identity in the construction of hospitals in the Argentine health care sector during the 1940s and 1950s by uncovering the way in which the “jungle” of hospitals withstood attempts by the state to apply some sense of order, purpose, and centralized organization. The first section examines how physicians envisioned the “modern” hospital they hoped to construct. The second section reveals the important antecedents of nationalized hospitalization schemes found in the collaboration between physicians’ unions and the state. In the third section, an analysis of political speeches illuminates how Juan and Evita Perón packaged new hospitals as gifts to the people from their leader. The fourth section outlines specific plans to increase the number of hospital beds. The final section surveys examples of hospital construction to demonstrate how sub-national identities were instrumental to fragmenting both Argentine society and its hospital infrastructure.
Cost analysis of carbon dioxide concentrators

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A methodology is developed to predict the relevant contributions of the more intangible cost elements encountered in the development of flight-qualified hardware and is used to predict the costs of three carbon dioxide concentration systems. The cost and performance data from Gemini, Skylab, and other programs are utilized as a basis for establishing the cost estimating relationships. The concentration systems analyzed are the molecular sieves C02 concentrator, the hydrogen-depolarized concentrator, and the regenerable solid desiccant concentrator. Besides the cost estimates for each system, their comparative criteria including relative characteristics, operational differences, and development status are considered.
Determination of the effective boron in the soil of orange plantation by GFAAS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a determination method of the effective Boron in the soil of orange plantation by GFAAS is investigated, which is under the conditions that drying temperature is from 80℃ to 120℃, ashing temperature is 700℃, and atomization temperature is 2700℃ using Calcium-ascorbic acid as matrix modifier and pyrogenation graphite tube. The detection limit of the method is 00104 μg/mL. The precision is 1.2%~5.6% (RSD, n=3). Contrasted with curcumine method and ICP-AES method, the analytical results are in good agreement with its by GFAAS.
"'A Just War': Protecting Indigenous Cultural Property "

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When indigenous cultural property rights are defined by western concepts of ‘property ownership’, they risk the fate of indigenous land rights. Where entire continents were lost under terra nullius, indigenous peoples’ descendants now face a ‘cultural genocide’ with ‘discovered’ culture appropriated to benefit the ‘greater good’. Human rights issues resurface; would cultural property rights be better protected via segregation or ‘integration’ into majority cultures? Should rights be framed as collective ‘group’ claims or as ‘matters for individuals’?[2] If so, might cultural property be capable of ‘self-determination’? If ‘cultural secession’ occurs, demands for defined territories become paramount. Human Rights lawyers may have to revise emerging customary norms given recent cases highlighting western judicial bias, where European definitions of ‘land use’ disregard the nomadic, ‘hunter-gatherer’ nature of many indigenous populations, Anglo-western preoccupation with ‘alienability’ conflicts with the ‘perpetual’ nature of indigenous ownership[3] and the ‘individualistic orientation of Anglophone countries’[4] ignores the communal, ‘caretaker’ nature of aboriginal ownership.Although Mabo[5] appeared to extinguish terra nullius, its legacy lingers on. This paper examines whether legal ‘blemishes of the past ... translate into current inequities’.[6]
Social Sensors Based Online Attention Computing of Public Safety Events

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, the probability of public safety events around the world increase quickly. Recently, with the development of mobile network and intelligent mobile phones, social media users play an important role of the evolution and management of a public safety event. One of the important functions of Weibo is to monitor real time public safety events, such as fire, explosion, traffic jam, etc. Weibo users can be seen as social sensors and Weibo can be seen as the sensor platform. In this paper, a crowdsensing based online attention computing method of public safety events is proposed. The proposed method contains three steps. First, a mobile crowdsensing based social media crawler is given. Second, spatial and temporal information is used to analyze the online attention of the public safety event. At last, the proposed model based online attention governance system is given. The system collected the online attention data from Weibo. Besides, given the Weibo posts related to a detected public safety event, the proposed method targets at mining the multi-modal information, as well as storytelling the online attention of the public safety event precisely and concisely. Extensive experiment studies on real-world microblog datasets to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework. Case studies on real data sets show the proposed model has good performance and high effectiveness in the analysis of public safety events.
Adsorption of xylans on cellulosic fibres -Influence of xylan composition on adsorption characteristics and kraft pulp properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Xylans are polysaccharides present in large amounts in cell walls of vascular plants. They possess an inherent affinity to cellulose and will thus adsorb irreversibly on cellulose surfaces. This propensity, along with the great abundance in nature, provides great opportunities for the use of xylans as renewable and biodegradable cellulose fibre modifying agents. The research presented in this thesis provides further knowledge of how the composition of xylan fractions influences solution properties and characteristics of xylan adsorption on cellulosic fibres. The study also describes how xylan adsorption can be used to improve the strength properties of bleached softwood kraft pulp. Furthermore, the work investigates the potential of utilizing xylan isolated from agricultural waste materials in cellulose fibre modification. Results show that lignin has a great influence on the aggregation behaviour of glucuronoxylan (GX) from birch. As lignin affects the solubility of xylan, it most likely also influences the driving force for xylan adsorption and deposition on cellulosic surfaces. Adsorption of GX on bleached softwood kraft pulp before drying is shown to preserve a considerable part of the fibre-swelling, fibre wall porosity, specific fibre surface area and wet fibre flexibility observed in the never-dried state. It is therefore suggested that GX adsorption reduces the degree of drying-induced fibre wall cross-linking. The use of GX as a hornification inhibitor provides once-dried fibres with increased tensile strength and beatability. Water-soluble (glucurono)arabinoxylan (GAX) isolated from barley husks is shown to interact with cellulose fibres. GAX with a low degree of substitution has an enhanced propensity to form aggregates in aqueous solutions and adsorb on cellulosic surfaces. In order to increase the driving force of adsorption of the more highly substituted xylan, GAX was cationized. This chemical modification increases the rate and magnitude of GAX adsorption extensively, due to the induced electrostatic interaction between anionic pulp fibres and cationic xylan. Furthermore, it is shown that adsorption of GAX on never-dried fibres may be beneficial in the production of market pulps with increased tensile strength and beatability.
A study of the motion of single electrons in liquid helium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have developed an apparatus which can be used to monitor the motion of individual electrons in liquid helium. A sound wave is used to explode an electron bubble for a fraction of a microsecond. While the bubble is expanded, it is illuminated by light from a flash lamp. We describe the details of the experiment and show the results we obtained. The phonon-roton in liquid helium drags the electron bubbles across the experiment cell. In some cases, an electron is seen to follow a snakelike path. Our tentative explanation is that the electron is sliding along a quantized vortex line.
Perceptual Judgments and Particulars in Plato's Later Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THROUGHOUT centuries since Plato wrote, interpretations of his theory of from Aristotle's criticisms to exhaustive commentaries of modern times, have varied with philosophies on which they have been based. These divergent interpretations may be divided into two groups. One group holds that Plato maintained his doctrine of forms as contained in his earlier and middle dialogues throughout his writings, only clarifying it and developing its consequences in his later dialogues. To this group belong Ritter and probably Cornford, notwithstanding latter's insistance that later dialogues consider (but do not solve) problems of concrete, particular thing, and of separate reality of forms, which earlier dialogues left unsolved.' The other group, represented in their various ways by Burnet, Robin, Stenzel, agree in holding that earlier theory of forms was fundamentally altered in later dialogues from Theaetetus on. They base their theories not only on internal evidence of dialogues, but on some references by Aristotle to forms as numbers, which are distinguished from mathematicals, and are generated from the One and dyad of Great-and-Small.2 Members of this group, however they diverge on significance of Aristotle's references, yet agree that Plato's original problem of participation of sensible, particular things in forms is superseded by problem of method of dialectical investigation or, in Burnet's words, of giving an intelligible account of appearances.3 This paper holds, following views of latter group, that there is a nmarked difference between earlier and later doctrines of forms. The difference does not consist in Plato's abandonning his earlier theory for one of form-numbers. For, however fornm-numbers be construed, their nature and knowability and relation to each other and to particulars must be explained. They should at least solve difficulties of earlier
Consciousness in Indian philosophy and modern physics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper makes an explorative journey into the concept of consciousness (prajna) as explained in the Indian philosophy (both orthodox and heterodox) and modern physics. The paper explains about knowledge domains in the traditions and their distinctive features, different connotations, and denotations of consciousness, the different methods being used in explaining consciousness. The current scientific analyses of consciousness from the stand point of theoretical and quantum physics are discussed here and compared with the concept of consciousness in the Indian philosophical traditions.
Genotypic resistance testing of HCV – is there a clinical need?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persistent infections with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) pose a profound global public health burden. In the past 5 years treatment of chronic hepatitis C has dramatically changed. Novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) specifically inhibiting viral enzymes or factors that are essential for the viral replication cycle have been developed and licensed for hepatitis C therapy. These novel drugs target the viral NS3/4A protease, the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase or the replication factor NS5A. Combinations of DAAs against these targets are highly efficacious achieving virus elimination in the majority of treated patients. In countries where affordable, this rapid clinical development virtually replaced earlier interferon (IFN)-α based therapy that had been in use as standard of care for the last 25 years. With the approval of DAAs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C the question emerged whether resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) might be of clinical relevance. Here, we discuss the available evidence for the possible benefit of resistance genotyping prior to therapy to optimize treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Additional file 2: Table S2. of Comparative miRNAome analysis revealed different miRNA expression profiles in bovine sera and exosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Excel spreadsheet containing total miRNAs expressed in sera and exosomes. Expression data for the miRNAs were normalized to RPM, and the miRNAs that were detected in at least 2 animals in each group were considered expressed in this study. (DOCX 206Â kb)
Using Hardware Transactional Memory to Enable Speculative Trace Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a novel speculation technique for the optimization, and simultaneous execution, of multiple alternative traces of hot code regions. This technique, called Speculative Trace Optimization (STO), enumerates, optimizes, and speculatively executes traces of hot loops. It requires hardware support that can be provided in a similar fashion as that available in Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) systems. This paper discusses the necessary features to support STO, namely multi-versioning, lazy conflict resolution, eager conflict detection, and transaction synchronization. A review of existing HTM architectures - Intel TSX, IBM BG/Q, and IBM POWER8 - shows that none of them have all the features required to implement STO. However, this work demonstrates that STO can be implemented on top of existing HTM architectures through the addition of privatization and pause/resume code. The evaluation of a prototype STO implementation, on top of Intel TSX, using benchmarks from Parboil, Media Bench, and SPEC2006, indicates that STO can yield whole-program speedups of up to 9%. This initial result is promising given that the prototype has significant overhead caused by the code that compensates for TSX absent features. An analysis, included in the paper, suggests that HTM mechanisms have the potential to considerably improve trace performance provided that they efficiently implement the suggested features.
Clinical study of modified INFIX combined with sacroiliac joint screws for pelvic instable injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The INFIX technique is becoming one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures for anterior pelvic ring instability injuries. The purpose of this article is to compare the clinical outcomes of modified anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (M-INFIX) with conventional anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (C-INFIX) for anterior pelvic ring instability injuries. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 36 cases of unstable pelvic injuries treated operatively at our institution, 20 of which were treated with conventional INFIX and 16 with modified INFIX. Data collected included age, gender, ISS score, fracture typing, operative time, operative bleeding, postoperative complications, fracture healing time, Matta score, Majeed score, and follow-up time. Statistical sub-folding of each variable between the two groups was performed. Results There was no statistical difference between the C-INFIX and M-INFIX groups in terms of age, gender, ISS score, follow-up time, fracture typing, fracture healing time, and Majeed score (P > 0.05). the M-INFIX had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications than the C-INFIX group, especially in the incidence of Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury (P < 0.05). In contrast, the M-INFIX group had statistically higher operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and Matta score than the C-INFIX group (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study was based on a modified application of the surgical experience with conventional INFIX and showed better clinical outcomes in terms of complication rates and quality of repositioning than the conventional surgical approach. These findings indicate that further analytical studies of this study would be valuable.