jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using a Copper Rubeanate Metal Organic Framework

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We synthesized a copper rubeanate metal organic framework (CR-MOF) which has the potential to improve the catalytic activity of electrochemical reduction of CO2 due to its characteristics of electronic conductivity, proton conductivity, dispersed reaction sites, and nanopores. Synthesized CR-MOF particles were dropped on carbon paper (CP) to form a working electrode. The onset potential for CO2 reduction of a CR-MOF electrode was about 0.2 V more positive than that observed on a Cu metal electrode in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Our analysis of the reduction products during potentiostatic electrolysis showed formic acid (HCOOH) to be virtually the only CO2 reduction product on a CR-MOF electrode, whereas a Cu metal electrode generates a range of products. The quantity of products from the CR-MOF electrode was markedly greater (13-fold at −1.2 V vs. SHE) than that of a Cu metal electrode. Its stability was also confirmed.
Acupuncture for Acute Pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture plus routine treatment (RT) for acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Literature searches were performed in 8 databases up to October 31, 2018. Randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture plus RT with RT alone for AP were included. Results Twelve eligible studies were included finally. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture plus RT compared with RT alone could significantly improve the total effective rate and gastrointestinal function and reduce the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II score, tumor necrosis factor α count, the time of resuming to diets, and the length of hospital stay. Only 3 of the studies reported adverse events or reactions. Conclusions This study suggested that acupuncture combined with RT may be effective for AP. However, more rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the current findings.
Effects of temperature and pH on digestive enzymes activities in Whitmania pigra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The optimal temperature in alimentary tract of Wh. pigra for lipase and amylase was 37 degrees C, and the responding temperature for protease was 42 degrees C. The optimal pH value in alimentary tract of Wh. pigra for lipase and amylase was pH 8.2 and pH 5.2, respectively. While pH 3.2 or 9.2 seems to be both favorable for high protease activity.
[Effects of transcription factor GATA-2 on transcriptive regulation of iASPP gene].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

iASPP can prompt the cell proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of many cells. There are putative binding sites of transcription factor GATA-2 upstream of iASPP transcription start site. GATA-2 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitors. This study was aimed to explore the role of GATA-2 protein in iASPP gene transcription. Firstly, the expression of iASPP and GATA-2 protein in some leukemia cell lines was detected by Western blot. Second, The expressive vector of pCMV5-GATA2 and the luciferase reporter vectors containing possible binding sites of GATA-2 were constructed and co-transfected into HEK293 and CV-1 cells. Then the luciferase activity was assayed by luminometer. Also, ChIP assays were performed to further confirm the specific binding of GATA-2 to iASPP promoter. The results showed that GATA-2 was overexpressed in most cell lines with high level of iASPP. GATA-2 exhibited a significant effect on luciferase activity of reporter gene iASPP and in a dose-dependant manner. The relative luciferase activity was up-regulated to about two-fold of the empty vector control when the transfection dose of pCMV5-GATA2 plasmid was increased to 100 ng. While the effect was more significant in CV-1 cells and showed a 6.7-fold increase. The ChIP assay demonstrated the in vivo specific binding of GATA-2 to iASPP. The binding sites of GATA2 were located between nt -361 ∼ -334 in upstream of iASPP gene transcription start site. It is concluded that transcription factor GATA-2 can bind with the cis-regulatory region of the iASPP promoter and up-regulate iASPP expression.
Functional and mechanistic elucidation of peptide backbone thioamidation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

YcaO enzymes are best known to catalyze the ATP-dependent peptide backbone activation and subsequent formation of azoline heterocycles. It has been proposed that YcaO enzymes can also install lactamidines and thioamides onto peptides through similar mechanisms. These modifications are found in a class of natural products named ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and are critical for their biological functions. In addition to RiPPs, thioamide has also been observed as a post-translational modification in two essential protein complexes: methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) and the ribosome. Genetic studies in the methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans have linked the thioamide in MCR with ycaO and its neighboring gene tfuA, which has no known function. In this thesis, I report the in vitro thioamidation of an MCR-derived peptide using methanogenic YcaOs and inorganic sulfide (chapter II). The substrate specificity of the YcaO was investigated and the interaction with the substrate peptide was established. Leveraging the crystal structure of a methanogenic YcaO bound to its MCR peptide, I identified and tested the residues involved in substrate binding and catalysis through site-directed mutagenesis (chapter III). Further, the function of the TfuA protein was identified: TfuA catalyzes the hydrolysis of thiocarboxylated ThiS (ThiS-COSH), a proteinaceous sulfur donor, and enhances the affinity of YcaO towards the thioamidation substrate (chapter IV). My biophysical and mutational analyses of TfuA also uncovered its binding interfaces with YcaO and ThiS in addition to revealing a hydrolase-like active site featuring a Ser/Lys catalytic pair.
Evangelical Christian Responses to Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God? Who was Muhammad? How does the Israeli-Palestinian conflict affect Christian-Muslim relations? This is a book about Evangelical Christians and how they are answering challenging questions about Islam. Drawing on over 300 texts published by Evangelicals in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, this book explores what the Evangelical micro-public sphere has to say about key issues in Christian-Muslim relations today. From the books they write, the blogs they post and the videos they make, it is clear that Evangelical Christians profoundly disagree with one another when discussing Islam. Answers to the questions range from seeing Muslims as the enemy posing an existential threat to Christians, through to welcoming them as good neighbours or even as close cousins.
Analysis of leukocyte activation during acute rejection of pulmonary allografts in noninfected and cytomegalovirus-infected rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract After human lung transplantation acute rejection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections may occur, probably contributing to the development of chronic rejection. We established a model of subacute allograft rejection in rats to analyze leukocyte activation and effects of a CMV infection. Histoincompatible lung transplants (BN/LEW) without immunosuppression (group A) and lungs of initially immunosuppressed animals (group B) were analyzed. The production of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxides) and the expression of MHC class II antigens by alveolar and lung tissue macrophages were significantly enhanced during the alloresponse. In recipients without immunosuppression (group A) allograft necrosis was detected by day 6, whereas group B allografts were fully rejected by day 25. In allografts of immunosuppressed, CMV-infected animals (group C) the CMV infection was clearly aggravated and the number of activated lung tissue macrophages was increased when compared with noninfected allografts or isografts. The subacute model provides the advantage of allowing us to study mechanisms of acute rejection without the effects of reperfusion injury. Furthermore these findings underline the role of inflammatory mediators produced by macrophages during rejection.
Offline Docked-Phone Indoor Carpark Navigation: Fusing RF and IMU Signals With HMM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the challenging problem of navigating in an indoor carpark in the absence of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and cellular signals using an offline smartphone docked at the car dashboard. There is basic RF (radio-frequency) infrastructure in the venue but, due to signal attenuation by the car body, the location computed based on in-car signal is noisy and intermittent. Previous works on carpark navigation often require costly specialized equipment as on-car additional infrastructure (OCAI), or suffer from error propagation stemmed from integrating IMU (inertial measurement unit) signals over time. We propose RICH, a novel, simple, accurate and cost-effective docked-phone approach to fuse RF and IMU signals for indoor carpark navigation using HMM (Hidden Markov Model). RICH uses IMU signals to detect the speed level and turning of the car, which is then fused with the crude RF localization in an HMM framework to estimate the car&#x2019;s location distribution in real time. We further present an analysis on the trade-off between computation and accuracy of RICH. Our extensive experiments on smartphone in real carparks show that, as compared with the state of the art, RICH achieves substantially lower localization error (by 40%) with high computationally efficiency (less than 10ms per location). IEEE
Alternative rib bone biopsy measurements to estimate changes in skeletal mineral reserves in cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Rib bone biopsy samples are often used to estimate changes in skeletal mineral reserves in cattle but differences in sampling procedures and the bone measurements reported often make interpretation and comparisons among experiments difficult. ‘Full-core’ rib bone biopsy samples, which included the external cortical bone, internal cortical bone and trabecular bone (CB, CB and Trab, respectively), were obtained from cattle known to be in phosphorus (P) adequate (P) or severely P-deficient (P) status. Experiments 1 and 2 examined growing steers and Experiment 3 mature breeder cows. The thickness of cortical bone, specific gravity (SG), and the amount and concentration of ash and P per unit fresh bone volume, differed among CB, CB and Trab bone. P concentration (mg/cc) was closely correlated with both SG and ash concentrations (pooled data, r=0.99). Thickness of external cortical bone (CBT) was correlated with full-core P concentration (FC-P) (pooled data, r=0.87). However, an index, the amount of P in CB per unit surface area of CB (PSACB; mg P/mm), was more closely correlated with the FC-P (pooled data, FC-P=37.0+146×PSACB; n=42, r=0.94, RSD=7.7). Results for measured or estimated FC-P in 10 published studies with cattle in various physiological states and expected to be P or in various degrees of P status were collated and the ranges of FC-P indicative of P adequacy and P deficiency for various classes of cattle were evaluated. FC-P was generally in the range 130 to 170 and 100 to 120 mg/cc fresh bone in P mature cows and young growing cattle, respectively. In conclusion, the FC-P could be estimated accurately from biopsy samples of CB. This allows comparisons between studies where full-core or only CB biopsy samples of rib bone have been obtained to estimate changes in the skeletal P status of cattle and facilitates evaluation of the P status of cattle.
L-Carnitine And The Heart

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac Ischaemia may be defined as a deficiency in cardiac energy supply rela- tive to energy demand. In coronary artery disease (CAD), Oxygen supply is limited due to coronary obstruction so energy production is not enough to meet the energy demands for work. Several reports involving about 2500 patients of CAD where carnitine was administered for upto 1 year show some beneficial effects. There is re- duction in ischaemia showing educed ST-segment depression and angina, greater effort tolerance and decreased need of cardiac drugs, Carnitine can cause overall im- provement in cardiac performance in patients with CAD as well as in cardiomyopathy. More studies are necessary to demonstrate whether carnitine can scavenge free radi- cals apart from its beneficial effect on fatty acid metabolism. Side effects of carnitine are mild nausea and vomiting and doses upto 2g/day in 3 divided doses may not have any side effects. Intravenous L-carnitine acts rapidly and has no side effects.
Use of modern wireless technologies in combined LTE/DVB-NGH systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Some methods of increasing mobile systems' capacity intended for transmission of large multimedia traffic flows are reviewed. In addition to the general traffic partitioning scheme, the way of using combination of LTE and DVB-NGH technologies is described. The high since-driven potential of using MIMO, UWB and OFDM technologies within integrated LTE/DVB-NGH system has been determined.
Site‐Selective Pyridylic C−H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An efficient pyridylic C(sp 3 )−H functionalization has been developed through photocatalytic radical‐mediated fluoroalkylation or cascade reactions. This method is enabled by the reversible formation of alkylidene dihydropyridine intermediates via the facile enolate formation of C4‐alkyl N ‐amidopyridinium salts in the absence of an external base, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for subsequent intermolecular radical trapping. Rapid structural diversification of the pyridylic site can be achieved through photocatalytic multicomponent cascade reactions involving alkene trifluoromethylation, SO 2 ‐reincorporation, and sulfonyl radical addition. This operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity and offers a unique approach for the rational modification of the heterobenzylic C−H bonds of pyridines and quinolines with uniform site‐selective control. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
Understanding the conflict and exploring political alternatives to remake a stable political system in Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to explore political alternatives to remake a stable political system in Ethiopia. A qualitative research approach with an exploratory research design was used to understand the conflicts. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from political party leaders and freedom fighters. Additionally, data were taken from scholars’ studies and media discourses. Thus, interviews were conducted with purposively selected participants because they were aware of the origins of conflict in Ethiopia. The acquired data were analyzed using critical discourse analysis. This helped the researcher to understand the participants’ speeches and texts about the conflict. Accordingly, the findings indicated that the ambition to unmake and remake the existing political system of Ethiopia caused conflict and instability. In addition, the Amhara Fano, a freedom fighter in Ethiopia, battles the Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed-led regime. Although the regime strives to maintain the status quo, Amhara Fano is fighting to unmake and remake it. To make it worse, the Abiy-led Ethiopian regime failed to manage conflicts and conflict-driven crises in the Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray Regional States. Thus, the main conflict focuses on preserving or amending the constitutionally declared exclusive ethnic federalism in 1995. Therefore, this study proposes political alternatives for conflicting areas of Ethiopia’s political system.
Upaya Meneguhkan Moderasi Islam Indonesia Dalam Perppu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When discussing Islam, the use of terminology is a significant topic of conversation. Especially since moderation is often seen as a symbol of Islam, known as rahmatan lil alamin. However, one thing to keep in mind is that there is no single, definitive definition. The birth of various regional sharia laws and regulations that are discriminatory and prohibit human rights, has led to the conclusion that the face of Indonesian Islam has been on the verge of collapse. Qualitative research methods combined with a literature-based approach were used for this study. Based on research findings, Perppu as a legal product that has regulatory and coercive powers must be able to maintain moderation in Indonesian Islam so that it becomes a perfect synergy. In other words, the goal of a rule of law state is to protect its citizens from the myriad types of injustice and arbitrariness that both the state and fellow citizens can and will do against one another.Keywords: Islamic Moderation; Perppu; Indonesia AbstrakSaat membahas Islam, penggunaan terminologi moderat menjadi topik pembicaraan yang signifikan. Terutama karena sikap moderat sering dipandang sebagai simbol karakter Islam, yang dikenal sebagai rahmatan lil alamin. Namun, satu hal yang perlu diingat adalah bahwa tidak ada definisi tunggal yang pasti. Lahirnya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan syariah daerah yang diskriminatif dan melarang hak asasi manusia, membuat kesimpulan bahwa wajah Islam Indonesia telah menuju kehancuran. Metode penelitian kualitatif dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan berbasis literatur digunakan untuk penelitian ini. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, Perppu sebagai produk hukum yang memiliki kekuatan regulasi dan koersif harus mampu menjaga moderasi Islam Indonesia agar menjadi sinergi yang sempurna. Dengan kata lain, tujuan negara hukum adalah untuk melindungi warganya dari segudang jenis ketidakadilan dan kesewenang-wenangan yang dapat dan akan dilakukan baik oleh negara maupun sesama warga negara terhadap satu sama lain.Kata Kunci: Moderasi Islam; Perppu; Indonesia
Topology of the Liouville foliation in the generalized constrained three-vortex problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a completely Liouville integrable model of Hamiltonian mechanics with two degrees of freedom. This model describes the motion of two point vortices with a third vortex fixed at the origin. This problem covers, as a particular case, the problems of the motion of hydrodynamic vortices in an unbounded perfect fluid and magnetic vortices in a ferromagnetic medium. We study the topology of the Liouville foliation of this system using the bifurcation diagram of the momentum map. We prove some results on the general form of the bifurcation diagram and discover some properties of critical trajectories in the inverse image of its bifurcation curves. Using these results we show the presence of two important bifurcations of Liouville tori passing through a singular leaf of the form $\mathbb S^1 \times (\mathbb S^1 \dot{\cup} \mathbb S^1 \dot{\cup} \mathbb S^1)$. In the first case one Liouville torus bifurcates into three tori when passing through the singular leaf; in the second case two tori bifurcate into two tori. Bibliography: 46 titles.
IMPLICATIONS OF ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS AND DOPAMINE IN ALCOHOLISM: HUMAN AND BASIC SCIENCE STUDIES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated the endogenous opioid system and its role in mediating the reinforcing effects of ethanol that lead to high ethanol consumption as a biochemical marker of an individual's vulnerability to excessive ethanol consumption. We performed studies using human subjects with [high risk (HR)] and without [low risk (LR)] a family history of alcoholism to supplement our studies with experimental animals bred selectively for high- or low-ethanol consumption. HR subjects had lower basal plasma beta-endorphin levels as compared with LR subjects, but they had a more pronounced release of beta-endorphin after exposure to ethanol. Findings from animal studies indicated that ethanol-preferring (C57BL/6) mice (analogous to the HR human subjects) had higher levels of hypothalamic beta-endorphin activity than did ethanol-avoiding (DBA/2) mice (analogous to the LR human subjects) under basal conditions. However, the C57BL/6 mice had a more pronounced release of hypothalamic beta-endorphin than did DBA/2 mice after exposure to ethanol. Thus, although hypothalamic beta-endorphin system activity in human and animal models of alcoholism differs under basal conditions, there is enhanced hypothalamic beta-endorphin system activity after exposure to ethanol in both models. We have also performed studies comparing the density and distribution of opioid receptors in brains of ethanol-preferring animals, such as C57BL/6 mice and ALKO-alcohol (AA) rats, and ethanol-avoiding animals, such as DBA/2 mice and ALKO-non-alcohol (ANA) rats. Interestingly, it was observed that in distinct brain regions known to be important for mediating the process of reinforcement, the C57BL/6 mice had a higher density of delta-opioid receptors than the DBA/2 mice, while the AA rats had a higher density of mu-opioid receptors than the ANA rats. Thus, in the ethanol-preferring animals, the increased release of beta-endorphin following exposure to ethanol was associated with a higher density of delta- or mu-opioid receptors in brain regions important for reinforcement, such as the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area, and may interact with the dopaminergic system and promote ethanol's reinforcing properties, leading to excessive drinking and alcoholism.