jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the prices of private housing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

"Is the Property Boom Over?'', an article in Sunday Times, 24 July 1994, questioned the probability of a continued escalation in property prices in Singapore. This goes to show the inadequate ability of people to answer such a question which unfortunately is of major concern to the value of their total assets. This question has its basis on the exceptional growth in property prices over the past three years. The purpose of this project is thus to focus upon finding an answer to this question. Our emphasis, however will be on the private property prices which have soared from 91.4 points in 1989 to 227.1 points (PPI) in the second quarter of 1994.
Force and motion coordination of legged robots for walking ability improvement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Compared with a wheeled mobile robot, a legged robot is more capable to walk in un-structured natural environment. To fully exert this ability in such a condition is one of the main concerns in the development of legged robots. It is well-known that the interaction between the foot and the ground plays a crucial effect on the walking ability. Considering leg-end forces, three methods are proposed in this thesis to improve the walking ability of a legged robot.
PWAR6 interacts with miR‑106a‑5p to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) associated with bone regeneration serve an important role in the treatment of periodontal disease. Long non‑coding RNAs are involved in the osteogenesis of multiple stem cells and can act as a sponge of microRNAs (miRs). The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA 6 (PWAR6) and miR‑106a‑5p, as well as their influences on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium (OM) or growth medium (GM) for 7 days prior to transfection with PWAR6 overexpression vector, short hairpin RNA PWAR6 or miR‑106a‑5p mimic. The expression levels of runt‑related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), and the expression levels of PWAR6, miR‑106a‑5p and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined by RT‑qPCR. ALP activity assays and Alizarin red staining were performed to detect osteogenesis and mineralization, respectively. Luciferase activities of wild‑type and mutant PWAR6 and BMP2 were assessed by conducting a dual‑luciferase reporter assay. The results indicated that PWAR6 expression was upregulated in OM‑incubated hPDLSCs compared with GM‑incubated hPDLSCs, and PWAR6 overexpression increased the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hPDLSCs compared with the corresponding control group. By contrast, miR‑106a‑5p expression was downregulated in OM‑incubated hPDLSCs compared with GM‑incubated hPDLSCs. PWAR6 acted as a sponge of miR‑106a‑5p and PWAR6 overexpression promoted the osteogenesis of miR‑106a‑5p mimic‑transfected hPDLSCs. BMP2 was predicted as a target gene of miR‑106a‑5p. Collectively, the results indicated that PWAR6 displayed a positive influence on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. The results of the present study demonstrated that the PWAR6/miR‑106a‑5p interaction network may serve as a potential regulatory mechanism underlying hPDLSCs osteogenesis.
Incompleteness Matters Not: Inference of H0 from Binary Black Hole–Galaxy Cross-correlations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We show how the angular clustering between gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens and galaxies with known redshifts allows an inference of the Hubble constant regardless of whether the host galaxies of any of these sirens are present in the galaxy catalog. We demonstrate this for the first time with realistic simulations of GW signals from binary black holes in a three-detector network with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo sensitivities. We show that with such a network, the cross-correlation technique can be used to infer the Hubble parameter with a precision of less than 10% (2%) at 90% confidence with 50 (500) sources, even with a 100% incomplete catalog, which does not contain the hosts of any of the GW events. We compare our method with the current state-of-the-art techniques used for the inference of the Hubble parameter from real data. We argue that, if the clustering information is not used explicitly, the inference of H 0 from real data is expected to be prior-dominated.
Some possible pathological consequences of peptic ulcer therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Influence of treatment with pancreatic extracts on pancreatic enzyme secretion SIR,-The article by Mossmer and colleagues (Gut 1989; 30: 1143-9) is a carefully conducted attempt to study the possible negative feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion.The authors point out a possible flaw in their design, in that they perfused the jejunum with enzymes, rather than the duodenum.Never- theless they failed to show any negative feedback of pancreatic enzyme secretion.In fact their results are consistent with stimulation of CCK release from the jejunum by the protein load, with consequent increased pancreatic enzyme secretion.Similar results were obtained by two groups independently' ! in studies in the dog.Duodenal perfusion with pancreatic juice in the basal state stimulated rather than in- hibited pancreatic enzyme secretion.Mossmer and colleagues cite the evidence for negative feedback inhibition of pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat, pig, and chicken.Their study emphasises once again the diffi- culties of extrapolating into man from results obtained in other species.Recommendations for expensive treatment with pancreatic ex- tracts that are based on such experimental studies must be viewed with caution.If a clinical benefit for these treatments is demon- strated, this study suggests that a mechanism other than negative feedback inhibition might be involved.
Sustaining the unsustainable? City and society in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The peoples of southeast Asia are responding very actively, and sometimes quite constructively, to prevailing social, economic, and environmental pressures and threats, but not necessarily in a manner conducive to sustainable development over the longer term. Using the case of Ujung Pandang, Indonesia, the authors argue that the preoccupation of many people with survivalism is both a consequence of the nature of development and a significant impediment to sustainable urban development. The more adept people become at handling actual or threatened crises, the less likely they will be to actually confront the root causes. Coping and surviving may extend the threshold of sustainment, and ease the shorter term impact of unsustainable practices, but they are simply a response, and not a solution. Urban sustainability and development are discussed.
Influence of Type and Concentration of Acids on Hydrolisis Starch of “Taro Tuber” Into Sugar Liquid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objectives of this research are (1) to know the effect of acid type and concentration on the hydrolysis of Taro tuber starch into liquid sugar (2) to know the type and concentration of acid that can produce the best liquid sugar characteristic in the hydrolysis of Taro tuber starch. The study used a complete randomized design with two factorial patterns. There are the type and concentration of acid used for the hydrolysis of Taro tuber starch. The variables observed were sugar reduction and liquid sugar clarity. The results showed that the type and concentration of acids and their interactions significantly affected the Dextrose Equivalent of liquid sugar produced. The best treatment is hydrolysis using nitric acid (HNO3) with 6% concentration with Dextrosa Equivalent is 57,470 %.
ISO 9001 and performance: a method review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to identify whether different research methods linking ISO 9001 and performance have led to different results. To achieve that purpose, this study conducted a method review using scholarly articles selected from seven databases. Sixty-nine percent of previous cross-sectional studies linking ISO 9001 and performance concluded that there is a positive relationship between ISO 9001 and performance, while 77% of previous longitudinal studies did not find a relationship. The way the two methods acknowledged time sequence and certification and the inconsistency in terminologies and indicators might be the reasons behind the strikingly different research results. However, this study neither gauged the impact of each article to the field of the quality system nor the power of statistical tools used to indicate causality. This study also constrained by the limited resource. A method review is rare in the field of ISO 9001 and performance and currently, it is highly needed because after 30 years of research, there is still no sign of research results convergence.
Miliary tuberculosis presenting with hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 74-year-old woman with miliary tuberculosis had moderately severe hyponatremia due to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and very severe thrombocytopenia without other hematologic abnormalities. She was treated with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, prednisone, vincristine and fluid restriction and recovered completely. The SIADH may have been a response by the posterior pituitary to a decrease in intravascular volume resulting from the extensive pulmonary disease or associated hypoxia, or the tuberculous lung may have released ADH or an ADH-like substance. The thrombocytopenia may have resulted from a direct or indirect toxic effect of infection or, less likely, the tuberculosis may have activated latent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Chemotherapy-Free Treatment with Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by immunotherapy is a standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), yet many patients are ineligible due to treatment-related toxicity or poor functional status. Chemotherapy-free approaches using radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy may offer a safer and equally effective alternative in select patient populations. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant conference proceedings focusing on trials between 2000 and 2024. Studies investigating chemotherapy-free regimens combining RT and immunotherapy in LA-NSCLC were analyzed, with emphasis on clinical outcomes, biomarker use, treatment sequencing, radiation dose/fractionation, and safety. Results: Multiple Phase I/II trials reported promising efficacy with one-year progression-free survival (PFS) ranging from 39% to 76%. Toxicity was generally acceptable, though higher-grade adverse events were more frequent in older, frail populations. Trials integrating PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) showed potential for improved patient stratification. Variation in immunotherapy timing (induction, concurrent, or consolidation) and radiation schedules highlight the need for optimization. Conclusions: Chemotherapy-free regimens represent a promising treatment strategy for patients with LA-NSCLC, especially those that are ineligible for standard CRT. Biomarker-driven patient selection and the rational integration of RT and immunotherapy are critical to improving outcomes. Randomized trials are warranted to establish the efficacy and safety of these emerging approaches.
Harmonising with Heaven and Earth: Reciprocal Harmony and Xunzi's Environmental Ethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Xunzi's philosophy provides a rich resource for understanding how ethical relationships between humans and nature can be articulated in terms of harmony. In this paper, I build on his ideas to develop the concept of reciprocal harmony, which requires us to reciprocate those who make our lives liveable. In the context of the environment, I argue that reciprocal harmony generates moral obligations towards nature, in return for the existential debt that humanity owes towards heaven and earth. This can be used as a normative basis for an environmental ethic that enables humanity and nature to flourish together.
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic in Precautionary Behaviors and Daily Life Changes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The infection of COVID-19 gradually has increased in recent years and high degree of social distancing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been implementing. This study sought to identify demographic characteristics associated with concerns about COVID-19 and changes related to concerns. We selected data from the Community Health Survey Data on 2020. We conducted a frequency analysis to analyze demographic characteristics associated with concerns about COVID-19. In addition, we performed a survey logistic regression analysis to identify precautionary behaviors and daily life changes related to concerns about COVID-19. The concerns about COVID-19 are higher among women, the elderly, the Married, those who low education level, poor subjective health status(p.001). It was found that concerns about infection, death, criticism and economic damage have a significant influence on quarantine rules(precautionary behavior, social distancing, refrain from going out, washing hands and use of hand sanitizer) and daily life changes(physical activity, instant food intake, delivery food intake, drinking and smoking). This study suggests that concerns about COVID-19 are associated with precautionary behaviors and daily life changes. It is necessary to efficiently manage concerns about infectious disease in the future by considering the social environment factors identified in our study.
Advance in genetic diversity of Giardia lamblia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Giardia lamblia is one of the most important parasitic protozoan threatening human health globally. Since its hosts include almost all vertebrate species, and the genotype and phenotype variate greatly, problems of the host specificity and zoonotic transmission have not been solved thoroughly. Recently, the prevalence of giardiasis has elicited great concern on its genetic diversity. The application of molecular markers and methods of molecular identifications based on PCR has acquired further information on the genetic structure of G. lamblia. This review will deal with the advance in the genetic diversity of this organism.
On bilateral counterparty credit risk in longevity-linked security

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent decades, longevity risk has become a common risk in life insurance industry. Longevity-linked securities are created to hedge such risk and traded over the counter. This thesis mainly focuses on evaluating the counterparty credit risk of longevity securities, using the newly proposed K-forward for example. Instead of only considering the counterparty credit risk from the hedger’s perspective, we adopt bilateral credit value adjustment to evaluate the counterparty credit risk. The modelling consists of two significant parts. The first one is risk exposure estimated by locally linear Cairns–Blake–Dowd mortality model. The second part is joint default probability. We use a reduced-form default model to obtain the marginal risk-neutral term structure of default probability for the hedger and the hedge provider, and then employ the one-factor Gauss copula to describe the default correlation between the two parties. This work provides a framework to measure bilateral counterparty credit risk of longevity-linked securities.
Harmonic Synthesis: A Novel Electrochemical Method for Corrosion Rate Monitoring

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method of instantaneous corrosion rate determination based on harmonic current measurements of an electrode perturbed by a sinusoidal voltage signal of low frequency and of relatively low amplitude of the order of 10-30 mV, ensuring a nondestructive character of investigations. The theoretical principles of this method, called harmonic synthesis (HS), have been described. It is based on discrete synthesis of a quasi-stationary polarization curve from harmonic currents in a potential range determined by the amplitude of the perturbation signal. The polarization curve obtained in this way can be analyzed by appropriate software tools in order to determine the required kinetic parameters of the corrosion process, namely the corrosion current and Tafel coefficients. Contrary to the known harmonic analysis (HA) method, the HS method allows corrosion rate monitoring of systems with mixed control. On the basis of computer simulations for corrosion systems with activation, activation-diffusion, and activation-ohmic polarization, it has been found that limiting the synthesis to the third harmonic component is quite sufficient for practical purposes. The error of the current summation did not generally exceed 1% under these conditions. The method of choosing the perturbation signal frequency, allowing the elimination of the nonfaradaic current connected with the presence of the electric double layer, has been presented. The usefulness of the HS method has been illustrated by examples of mild steel and copper corroding in artificial seawater. The mean corrosion rate of the metals, determined by the HS method with ohmic drop correction, differed only by ca. 2-8% from that found by the gravimetric method, while the classic HA method gave results underrated by ca. 18-24%. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Assessing chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats to the food supply chain

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The food supply chain may be intentionally compromised. Potential devastating effects of attacks with chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) agents are particularly emphasised and the ease with which such an attack may take place is described in numerous sources. Yet, using the food chain’s carrying capacity to spread a CBRN contamination across a wide geographic area is (extremely) complicated. Although episodes of intentional food contaminations can be serious, they rarely result in mass fatalities. Economic damage may quickly arise, but is often a result of (too) rigorous countermeasures. Past incidents demonstrate that a sole suspicion or even rumour of food being contaminated can already have severe consequences. This paper provides insight into the threat of intentional CBRN contamination of the food chain. It describes various parameters, including the type of agents capable of yielding damage, possible points of introduction and potential consequences of deliberate CBRN contamination of the food chain, in an effort to facilitate future risk assessment.
Synthesis of Star Polystyrene through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Pentaerythritol Tetra (2 halocarboxylate) as Multifunctional Initiators

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Pentaerythritol tetrachloroacetate (PT Cl) and pentaerythritol tetra (2 bromoisobutyrate) (PT Br) were synthesized through the reaction between pentaerythritol and chloroacetyl chloride or 2 bromoisobutyl bromide, respectively. The synthesized PT Cl and PT Br were used to initiate the bulk atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene. The results show that the number average molecular weight increases linearly versus monomer conversion and its value approaches to the theoretical value, and that the molecular weight distribution decreases with the increase of monomer conversion. Hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the polystyrene samples were also carried out. The results indicated that only 2 armed polystyrene was obtained by using PT Cl as the initiator, but that 3～4 armed star polystyrene was gained by using PT Br as the initiator. The dependence of the number of arms of the polystyrene on monomer conversion was also investigated. Using PT Br as the initiator and under the conditions of [styrene]∶[PT Br]∶[CuBr]∶[bpy]=192∶1∶2∶6, there are more than 3 arms per polystynene molecule when the monomer conversion exceeds 60%, however, less arms at the conversion of 30%, which suggest that the initiation process may be a gradual one.
Assessment of design runoff curve number for a watershed

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Estimation of storm event runoff is one of the major activities in applied hydrology for ungauged small watersheds. There exist a myriad computer models in the field of water resources and irrigation engineering and the most comprehensive and popular ones use the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) methodology to determine the rainfall-excess from rainfall event. The SCS-CN method is one of the most popularly used techniques for simplicity reasons. Its parameter CN is a measure of water retention by a given combination of soil and vegetation and it varies from 0 (no runoff) to 100 (total effective rainfall becomes runoff). In this study, considering each day's rainfall and corresponding runoff as an event, the SCS-CN method is employed to long-term daily rainfall-runoff data of Maithon watershed located in Jharkhand (India). A simple approach has been suggested for derivation of the design runoff CN for different durations, wetness conditions, and return periods for use in the SCS-CN methodology. The derived design CN values are tested for their validity using the design runoff estimated conventionally from the observed data.The match between the design CN (for dry condition)-generated runoff and the conventional design runoff is found to be satisfactory for all return periods and rain durations for the studied watershed.
Long time stability of KAM tori for nonlinear wave equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is proved that the KAM tori (thus quasi-periodic solutions) are long time stable for infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems generated by nonlinear wave equation, by constructing a partial normal form of higher order around the KAM torus and showing $p$-tame property persists under KAM iterative procedure and normal form iterative procedure.