jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Engineering propionyl-CoA pools for de novo biosynthesis of odd-chain fatty acids in microbial cell factories

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Odd-chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted great interest due to their wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries. Microorganisms can naturally de novo produce fatty acids (FAs), where mainly, even-chain with acetyl-CoA instead of odd-chain with propionyl-CoA is used as the primer. Usually, the absence of the precursor propionyl-CoA is considered the main reason that limits the efficient production of OcFAs. It is thus crucial to explore/evaluate/identify promising propionyl-CoA biosynthetic pathways to achieve large-scale biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses the latest advances in microbial metabolism engineering toward producing propionyl-CoA and considers future research directions and challenges toward optimized production of OcFAs.
[Treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty using calcium phosphate cement].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Balloon kyphoplasty assisted with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is effective for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), which can expeditiously relieve pain and effectively rebuild height of vertebral body and kyphotic angle, and also has advantages of minimal trauma and good security.
Four Arabic Legal Documents Belonging to ʿAmmār b. Salama b. ʿAbd al-Wārith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper edits and studies four Arabic legal documents, written on two papyri, now housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. The documents belong to a certain ʿAmmār b. Salama b. ʿAbd al-Wārith, a merchant from al-Bahnasā. Document 1 (P.CTYBR inv. 1720 verso) records a contract of sale of two inherited portions belonging to a Copt with double names, a Christian and a Muslim one. The contract touches on two significant socio-religious subjects: 1. name change after religious conversion, and 2. the loss of paternal filiation ( nasab ) of children born outside wedlock or in wedlock but their paternity was disavowed via the Islamic procedure of liʿān “oath of condemnation” or upon evidence of certain circumstances that prove impossibility of paternity. Documents 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 (P.CTYBR inv. 1715 recto and verso) contains three debt acknowledgements recording payments in coin and in kind. All documents date to the year 297/909–910.
Physical layer reliability vs ARQ in MIMO block-fading channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In today's wireless communication systems, automatic repeat request (ARQ) is implemented at the MAC layer in order to retransmit packets that have been erroneously transmitted at the physical (PHY) layer. Following a joint PHY-MAC design, information provided by the ARQ scheme can be exploited at the PHY layer in order to improve the system's performance. This paper extends the work presented in the context of SISO channels to the context of MIMO block-fading channels. Based on statistical channel knowledge at the transmitter, it provides an analysis of the natural tradeoff that exists between the PHY layer transmission rate and the number of ARQ retransmissions. We derive a very accurate analytical formulation of the optimum transmission rate (and, equivalently, the optimum PHY packet error-rate) that maximizes the goodput, as a function of the system parameters, namely the SNR, the number of antennas and the diversity order of the channel. Interestingly, we find that the PHY layer has to be made more reliable for MIMO channels than for SISO channels, and also that the MIMO ARQ system is less sensitive to a wrong choice of the rate of transmission than the SISO ARQ system.
Tunisia’s migration politics throughout the 2011 revolution: revisiting the democratisation–migrant rights nexus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>How does democratisation affect the politics of migration? This paper analyses Tunisian immigration and emigration politics in the decade before and after the 2011 revolution, drawing on 57 interviews with Tunisian high-level civil servants, as well as representatives of civil society and international organisations. It shows that the democratisation of policy processes and the expansion of citizens’ political freedoms did not result in pro-migrant rights reforms, but instead led to the continuation of restrictive migration policies inherited from Tunisia’s authoritarian past. The paper explains this by dissecting the ambiguous effects of democratisation on political legitimisation, as well as on inter-institutional and transnational dynamics of migration policymaking. It demonstrates that despite the unprecedented dynamism of Tunisian civil society and efforts of various institutional actors to reform Tunisia’s security-driven migration policy, there were both domestic and international forces that put brakes on migration reform. By focussing on the intricacies of Tunisian migration policymaking, this analysis allows to advance theory-building on the link between political regimes and migration politics, to revisit regime transformations from the inside and to overcome the still-dominant Eurocentrism in scholarly debates on North African migration policies.</p>
The Sabrina microfloras of East Antarctica: Late Cretaceous, Paleogene or reworked?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The published latest Palaeocene to Early–Middle Eocene age limits of the Sabrina microfloras, offshore Aurora Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, largely depend on 1970s age-range data for fossil pollen and spore species in the continental margin basins of southern Australia. This paper uses updated biostratigraphical data from southern Australia, including the basins closest to the Aurora Basin throughout the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, to propose that the age of the terrestrial component of the Sabrina microfloras is Campanian to Maastrichtian, not Paleogene. However, the revised age limits do not preclude these microfloras being redeposited more or less intact during the development and expansion of ice-sheets on East Antarctica, i.e. most probably during the late Paleogene based on other evidence from East Antarctica.
Influence of surrounding wall thickness on the fatigue resistance of molars restored with ceramic inlay

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of buccal and lingual wall thickness on the fatigue resistance of molars restored with CAD/CAM ceramic inlays. Forty human third molars were selected and divided into 4 groups, according to the remaining surrounding wall thickness chosen for inlay preparation (n=10): G1, 2.0 mm; G2, 1.5 mm; G3, 1.0 mm; G4, 0.5 mm. All inlays were made from feldspathic ceramic blocks by a CAD/CAM system, and cemented adhesively. After 1 week stored in distilled water at 37 °C, the specimens were subjected to fatigue testing under the following protocol: 5Hz; pre-load of 200 N for 5,000 cycles, followed by increasing loads of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 N for 30,000 cycles each. The specimens were cycled until failure or completion of 185,000 cycles. The survival rate of the groups was compared using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p>0.05). All specimens withstood the fatigue protocol (185,000 cycles), representing a 100% survival rate. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no difference between groups. It can be concluded that the remaining tooth wall thickness did not influence the fatigue resistance of molars restored with CAD/CAM ceramic inlays.
Access-to-Care and Conscience: Conflicting or Coherent?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract “Intervention” is not synonymous with “care.” For an intervention to constitute care—which patients should have a right to access—it must be technically feasible and licit. Now these criteria do not prove sufficient; numerous archaic interventions remain feasible and legally permissible, yet are now bywords for spurious care. Therefore, we propound another necessary condition for an intervention to become care: the physician must rationally judge the intervention to be conducive to the patient’s good. Consequently, the right of access-to-care relies on physicians being free to practice medicine in accord with their consciences, conscience being the rational faculty with which they judge the reasonableness of even mundane medical decisions. Since physicians operate as part of a community, it is further necessary to consider when central bodies may reasonably compel physicians to engage in interventions that the physician believes are not consistent with the patient’s good and/or are not congruent with the purposes of medicine.
“Near miss” maternal morbidity following repeat rescue cerclage for twin pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Repeat cervical cerclage is one of the treatment options described in the literature for when the primary cerclage suture fails. However, infectious complications of cerclage placement may be encountered which are more obvious for the newborn. In our presented case, severe acute maternal morbidity was encountered for the sake of prolonging pregnancy. Case(s) Twenty-seven year old nullipar patient at 23+5 gestational weeks with dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy was admitted to our emergency clinic with complaints of “pain” and “vaginal bleeding”. At 18 weeks of pregnancy she had a Shirodkar cerclage procedure indicated by a short cervical length (14 mm) at our hospital. She presented with “bulging of membranes” to a different institution and underwent a repeat cerclage at 23+3 weeks. Chorioamnionitis was suspected and the patient was counselled for a pregnancy termination. After termination of pregnancy, “cardiac arrest” developed. After 2 minutes of resuscitation sinus rythm was obtained. The patient was admitted to the ICU. Conclusion The role of repeat cerclage is controversial. Efforts should be maximized to rule out underlying intrauterine infection prior to placement of a cerclage suture for there to be a therapeutic benefit of prolonging the pregnancy.
UNC-60B, an ADF/Cofilin Family Protein, Is Required for Proper Assembly of Actin into Myofibrils in Caenorhabditis elegans Body Wall Muscle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-60 gene encodes two functionally distinct isoforms of ADF/cofilin that are implicated in myofibril assembly. Here, we show that one of the gene products, UNC-60B, is specifically required for proper assembly of actin into myofibrils. We found that all homozygous viable unc-60 mutations resided in the unc-60B coding region, indicating that UNC-60B is responsible for the Unc-60 phenotype. Wild-type UNC-60B had F-actin binding, partial actin depolymerizing, and weak F-actin severing activities in vitro. However, mutations in UNC-60B caused various alterations in these activities. Three missense mutations resulted in weaker F-actin binding and actin depolymerizing activities and complete loss of severing activity. The r398 mutation truncated three residues from the COOH terminus and resulted in the loss of severing activity and greater actin depolymerizing activity. The s1307 mutation in a putative actin-binding helix caused greater activity in actin-depolymerizing and severing. Using a specific antibody for UNC-60B, we found varying protein levels of UNC-60B in mutant animals, and that UNC-60B was expressed in embryonic muscles. Regardless of these various molecular phenotypes, actin was not properly assembled into embryonic myofibrils in all unc-60 mutants to similar extents. We conclude that precise control of actin filament dynamics by UNC-60B is required for proper integration of actin into myofibrils.
Effect of a Group-based PARO Robot intervention on Cognitive Function, Autonomic Nervous System Function, and Mental Well-being in Older Adults with Mild Dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Our research hypothesis was that older adults with mild dementia who participated in a group-based PARO intervention could improve their cognitive function, autonomic nervous system function, and mental well-being compared to the control group. Our data shows changes in cognitive and mental health in older adults with mild dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF), UCLA loneliness scale-version 3 (UCLA-3), and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) were assessed before the intervention, at the end of the intervention (week 6), and 1-month after the intervention (week 10). In this randomized controlled trial of older adults with mild dementia, following the group-based robotic seal (PARO) intervention, participants showed significantly increased cognition and improved mental well-being. These findings suggest that the group-based PARO intervention regulated a balance of sympathetic activity and parasympathetic modulation, improved cognitive function, and enhanced feelings of social well-being. The readers can free download and reuse this dataset for academic purposes. The findings from the data set could merely be interpreted as related to older adults with mild dementia.
Passive Acoustic Range Estimation of Helicopters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A passive acoustic method is presented that determines the velocity of a moving helicopter and its range at the closest point of approach. This method requires only the use of a single microphone if the fundamental blade rotation frequency of the helicopter is known, or two spatially separated microphones if it is not. The blade rotation frequency is generally adequately known after the helicopter is correctly classified using acoustic signature characteristics other than those discussed herein. The range estimate is considered valid for ranges of a few hundred meters with the attendant assumptions that: (1) the helicopter is traveling in a straight line, (2) the helicopter is moving at a constant velocity, and (3) the main rotor of the helicopter has a stable revolution rate typical of present operational helicopters. The technique was successfully tested on an example helicopter.
Short- and Long-Term Efficacy of Intensive Rehabilitation Treatment on Balance and Gait in Parkinsonian Patients: A Preliminary Study with a 1-Year Followup

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which gait and balance disturbances are relevant symptoms that respond poorly to pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 4-week inpatient multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) is effective in improving balance and gait and whether improvements persist at a one-year followup. We studied 20 PD inpatients (stage 3 Hoehn-Yahr) who underwent a MIRT. Outcome measures were UPDRS items for balance (30), falls (13), and walk (29), Berg Balance Scale, six-minute walking test, Timed Up and Go Test, and Comfortable-Fast gait speeds. Patients were evaluated at admission, at the end of the 4-week treatment, and at a 1-year followup. Pharmacological therapy was unchanged during MIRT and follow-up. All outcome measures improved significantly at the end of treatment. At 1-year follow-up control, UPDRS walk and Comfortable-Fast gait speeds still maintained better values with respect to admission (P=0.009,P=0.03,andP=0.02, resp.), while the remaining scales did not differ significantly. Our results demonstrate that the MIRT was effective in improving balance and gait and that the improvement in gait performances was partially maintained also after 1 year.
Financial Intelligence and the Quality of Higher Education in Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Improving the quality of curriculum development in private Universities in Africa from time to time is a task that is very essential to achieving effectiveness, efficiency, and relevance in the higher education system. Financial Intelligence is one of the five components of a twenty first century education, the kind of education that actually delivers the financial and Copyright © IAARR 2013: www.afrrevjo.net 2 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info wealth building results that people deserve. Unfortunately, a 21st century education is not something that is currently obtainable in the traditional school system in Africa, requiring instead that students go out and seek it on their own. This paper, using the explorative methodology, establishes that without financial intelligence, graduates from African private higher education schools will be forced to follow the road of financial disaster, ruin, and anti-excellence which most people travelled. It therefore recommends among others that financial intelligence be integrated into the curriculum of African Universities to enable students know the how of making money, work for them rather than simply working for money.
The high fertility of Sri Lanka Moor concentrations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary All centres of Sri Lanka Moor concentration were identified, together accounting for 87·2% of the total Moor population of the island. The variations in the child/woman ratio that occur locally between wards within these communities show strong negative correlations with two measures of departure from conservatism, the proportion of females of school age attending school and the proportion of males engaged in non-agricultural occupations. These two variates together account for the greater part of the variation in the child/woman ratio from ward to ward in 1971.
Field Performance Evaluation of Power Weeder for Paddy Crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Weeds are the main significant constraints in paddy production. Weed eradication by using herbicides and weedicides pronounced simple and fast method but is restricted due to its adverse effects on both environment as well as human beings. To overcome these limitations, mechanical weeding can be selected as appropriate weed control measure.Based on this, a modified power weeder was tested for weed control in upland paddy at 20 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) andthe performance was compared with traditional hand weeding and manual operated mechanical weeder (Ambika paddy weeder). The modified power weeder show well prominence in weeding for upland paddy at 20 and 45 DAS and fuel efficient (0.63 to 073 l/h).The power weeder was found at par with the Ambika paddy weeder with a weeding efficiencyof 74.22 % and 86% at 20 and 45 DAS respectively. There was no significant variation in field efficiency for Ambika paddy weeder at 20 & 45 DAS, but the highest field efficiency was shown by paddy power weeder as 70% for 45 DAS.The energy consumption was more in paddy power weeder than Ambikapaddy weeder as 493.64 and 452.40 MJ/ha at20 and 45DAS respectively. The cost of operation per hectare with power weeder amounted to ₹928/-and₹850/-against Ambika paddy weeder as₹2,617/- and₹2,346/- for 20 and 45 DAS respectively. The machine also depicted the energy-cost as 1.88 and 1.87 at 20 and 45 DAS respectively. Whereas the hand weeding showed the highest values in weeding efficiency and field efficiency at 20 and 45 DAS as it was an ideal method of weed control exceptforthe cost of operation.
Staff perceptions of primary healthcare service change: influences on staff satisfaction

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Strong primary healthcare (PHC) services are efficient, cost-effective and associated with better population health outcomes. However, little is known about the role and perspectives of PHC staff in creating a sustainable service. Staff from a single-point-of-entry primary health care service in Elmore, a small rural community in north-west Victoria, were surveyed. Qualitative methods were used to collect data to show how the key factors associated with the evolution of a once-struggling medical service into a successful and sustainable PHC service have influenced staff satisfaction. The success of the service was linked to visionary leadership, teamwork and community involvement while service sustainability was described in terms of inter-professional linkages and the role of the service in contributing to the broader community. These factors were reported to have a positive impact on staff satisfaction. The contribution of service delivery change and ongoing service sustainability to staff satisfaction in this rural setting has implications for planning service change in other primary health care settings. What is known about this topic? Integrated PHC services have an important role to play in achieving equitable population health outcomes. Many rural communities struggle to maintain viable PHC services. Innovative PHC models are needed to ensure equitable access to care and reduce the health differential between rural and metropolitan people. What does this paper add? Multidisciplinary teams, visionary leadership, strong community engagement combined with service partnerships are important factors in the building of a rural PHC service that substantially contributes to enhanced staff satisfaction and service sustainability. What are the implications for practitioners? Understanding and engaging local community members is a key driver in the success of service delivery changes in rural PHC services.
INJURY AND RECOVERY OF FAST AND SLOW MUSCLE FIBERS AFFECTED BY A SNAKE VENOM MYOTOXIN 375

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study the response of individual muscle fiber types to snake venom PLA2 myotoxins, we have tested the effect of ACLMT (ACL myotoxin fromAgkistrodon contortrix laticinctus) on soleus andgastrocnemius mice muscles. All animals received 5 mg of ACLMT/kg into the subcutaneous lateral region of the right hind limb, near the Achilles tendon. The contralateral muscles were used as control. Frozen muscles were cut at medial region in Cryostat and alternate serial cross-sections stained with Toluidine Blue and for Acid Phosphatase, Myofibrillar ATPase activity, Succinate Dehydrogenase and Acetilcholinesterase. Signs of fiber injury were identified, three hours after ACLMT injection, in both muscles. Three days after, these muscles showed clusters of recovered muscle fibers. Twenty-one days after soleus and gastrocnemius presented only chronic signs of damage as split fibers and centralized nucleus. By m-ATPase reactions was possible to identify that both muscle fiber types I and II were injured in both muscles by ACLMT. Significative increased number of fiber type IIC (17.37 ± 4.11versus 1.0 ± 0.6; p=0.008, paired Student t-test) and decrease of type II (60.7 ± 8.8 versus 76.8 ± 10.1; p=0.01, paired Student t-test), suggest muscle fiber type change from type II to type I through type IIC. Although ACLMT is known by its myotoxic activity, the results presented here showed that it can also be used as model to induce axonal remodeling and muscle fiber type change in both fast and slow muscle fibers of mice.