jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of an android phone application for automated text messages in international settings: A case study in an HIV clinical trial in St. Petersburg, Russia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/aims: Reproducible outcomes in clinical trials depend on adherence to study protocol. Short message service (also known as text message) reminders have been shown to improve clinical trial adherence in the United States and elsewhere. However, due to systematic differences in mobile data plans, languages, and technology, these systems are not easily translated to international settings. Methods: To gauge technical capabilities for international projects, we developed SMSMessenger, an automated Android application that uses a US server to send medication reminders to participants in a clinical trial in St. Petersburg, Russia (Zinc for HIV disease among alcohol users—a randomized controlled trial in the Russia Alcohol Research Collaboration on HIV/AIDS cohort). The application is downloaded once onto an Android study phone. When it is time for the text message reminders to be sent, study personnel access the application on a local phone, which in turn accesses the existing clinical trial database hosted on a US web server. The application retrieves a list of participants with the following information: phone number, whether a message should be received at that time, and the appropriate text of the message. The application is capable of storing multiple outgoing messages. With a few clicks, text messages are sent to study participants who can reply directly to the message. Study staff can check the local phone for incoming messages. The SMSMessenger application uses an existing clinical trial database and is able to receive real-time updates. All communications between the application and server are encrypted, and phone numbers are stored in a secure database behind a firewall. No sensitive data are stored on the phone, as outgoing messages are sent through the application and not by messaging features on the phone itself. Messages are sent simultaneously to study participants, which reduces the burden on local study staff. Costs and setup are minimal. The only local requirements are an Android phone and data plan. Conclusion: The SMSMessenger technology could be modified to be applied anywhere in the world, in any language, script, or alphabet, and for many different purposes. The novel application of this existing low-cost technology can improve the usefulness of text messaging in advancing the goals of international clinical trials.
Psychological Distress can be Determined before Lumbar Surgeries with a Clinically Applicable, Easy-to-use Tool: the Short form of the DRAM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The Distress and Risk Assessment Method (DRAM) is a tool for measuring the psychological risk factors in low back pain patients. In our previous study, the DRAM scale, its categories as well as its components (Zung Depression Scale (ZDS) and Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ)) proved to be significant predictors for global treatment outcome in routine lumbar degenerative surgeries. On the other hand, the original DRAM has to be calculated from 45 items making that a long and clinically impractical tool. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a short form of the DRAM (sDRAM) and to determine the prognostic power of the new version in terms of the global treatment outcome. Material and Methods Classic Test Theory were applied for item reduction after the exploratory factor analysis of ZDS and MSPQ on the dataset of a large ( N = 1837) cohort of surgically treated low back pain patients. Internal consistency and the correlation of the shortened DRAM (sDRAM) with the original scale were analyzed. After that, a two-step cluster analysis of sDRAM was applied to determine the cut-off scores. The prognostic value of the scale and its categories was tested on a prospective cohort of routine lumbar degenerative surgeries ( N = 445) where global treatment outcome was assessed two years after the surgery by a Likert scale. Results The sDRAM consisted of five ZDS items (1, 6, 7, 12, 18) and three MSPQ items (3, 9, 11) preserving the original item-distribution ratio. sDRAM scale (range: 0–24) was highly correlated with the DRAM scale (range: 0–99) (r=0.88). Cluster analysis of the patients showed a four-cluster structure in the cohort similarly to the original questionnaire. Cut-off scores (sZDS > 6, sMSPQ > 2) were used to formulate the sDRAM categories (Normal, At risk, Distressed). The sDRAM scale showed a significant association with the global treatment outcome in a logistic regression model ( p < 0.001, B=0.258, OR=1.3) and in ROC analysis (AUC=0.744, p < 0.001) and it was similar to the original DRAM ( p < 0.001, B=0.066, OR=1.07 as well as AUC=0.72, p < 0.001). Risk for poor outcome was significantly associated with the suggested categories of sDRAM (6%, 20%, 39% of poor outcome in “Normal,” “At Risk” and “Distressed” subgroups, Chi-square=38.9, df=2, p < 0.001). Conclusion A shorter, clinically applicable method for the assessment of DRAM has been developed. The sDRAM consists of 8 items and correlates with the original questionnaire. sDRAM and its categories proved to be significantly associated with global treatment outcome. The tool can be used for preoperative risk assessment and reduction strategies, however, further validation is needed to show its utility in different, wider patient-groups.
Biochemical signals in the form of protein gradients for tissue engineering applications.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, coaxial electrospinning was used to fabricate core-sheath fibers with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) concentration gradient encapsulated within the shell of the Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) fibers. Cells respond to gradients in biochemical signals. The ability to incorporate biochemical gradients into the design of scaffolds may enable control of cell chemotaxis into a tissue engineering construct, allow for manipulation of cell phenotypic changes and potentially enhance tissue regeneration. Using BSA as a model protein, an increased concentration of BSA within the PCL fibers will mimic the natural environment of ECM in which cells were known to respond to biochemical signals. The gradient maker was used to incorporate a protein concentration gradient to be encapsulated within the shell of the PCL fibers. Electrospun nanofibers were examined under SEM for fiber morphology. BCA protein assay was carried out to investigate the existence of a protein concentration gradient and to quantify the amount of BSA encapsulated within the nanofibers. Controlled release studies revealed that, based on the actual loading of BSA, 100% was released within 40 days when 20wt% of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) porogen was incorporated into the shell solution consisting of 13wt% PCL.
Dyeing and Some Fastness Properties of Novel Perlite-Containing Polyester Woven Fabrics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This article is focused on the comparison of dyeing, and washing and light fastness properties of conventional and novel perlite-containing polyester woven fabrics via color measurements. All the production processes for the regular and perlite-containing polyester filament yarns were the same. The fabrics were dyed with three medium level energy disperse dyes of different hues in order to observe the shade change caused by the intrinsic yellowness of the perlite-containing fabric. Dyeing and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were evaluated by their corresponding lightness (L*), chroma (C*), color strength (K/S), and color difference (ΔE ab *) results. The perlite-containing fabrics showed similar dyeing and fastness characteristics when compared with the regular fabrics. The perlite-added fabrics were dyed in darker color but had lower chroma values than the regular ones. The perlite-added fabrics also had better fastness results than the regular fabrics when the evaluation was performed in the group itself. Intrinsic yellowness of perlite-added fabrics must be taken into account for any attempt to dye the fabric to a pre-designed shade.
DOWNREGULATION OF SLC-16 CAN INCREASE APOPTOSIS LEVEL IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Gastrointestinal cancers constitute 35% of all cancer-related deaths and chemotherapy resistance is a major challenge for the treatment of these cancers. The SLC gene family encodes various group of membrane transmitters that play critical roles in establishing cellular homeostasis by transporting ions and different molecular groups. To date, studies have revealed the active roles of some of SLC members in chemotherapy resistance in various malignancies. However, there is no study to investigate the roles of SLC-16 gene in tumor biology. Therefore, we aimed to consider the effects of downregulation of SLC-16 in cell lines related to gastrointestinal cancers. Methods: SCL-16 expression was downregulated in SW-480, KATO-3and PANC-1 cell lines using sh-RNA transfection. RT-PCR and western blot were performed to prove downregulation of SCL-16 knockdown levels in these cell lines. Then, Oxaliplatin was treated to all cells and the effects of this drug were evaluated by cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell migration assays in downregulated SRC cells. Results: SLC-16 was found to be down-regulated after sh-RNA transfection at the mRNA and protein levels. In the downregulated group of SCL-16, it was detected that Oxaliplatin increased apoptosis and cell numbers in the G-1 of the cell cycle but had no effect on the cells’ ability to metastasize. Conclusion: SLC-16, one of the SLC families, plays critical roles in the stabilization of cancer cells, and targeting applications of this gene may be a potential way to enhance the effects of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer.
Forms of concrescence: Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy and computer programming structures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Whitehead's affirmation of the processive nature of actual entities, in contrast to his affirmation of the primordial nature of mathematical and other eternal objects, introduced an aspect of incoherence into his philosophy. This book reinterprets his philosophy using a procedural understanding of mathematics that is best expressed in the algorithmic languages of computer programs.
Analysis of Almeera Hijab's Marketing Communication Strategy in an Effort to Maintain Consumer Loyalty Amid the Corona Pandemic Outbreak

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the loyalty of Almeera Hijab consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research model in this study is to use a qualitative descriptive method, namely the researcher describes and describes the data obtained from the research results then the conclusion is drawn to determine the marketing communication strategy that is in Almeera Hijab. The results of this study are whether or not in the situation of the Covid-19 pandemic, consumer loyalty can still be maintained, even if it does not rule out the possibility of adding new consumers.
Mitochondrial enzyme deficiency may underlie myopathic phenotype of female muscle‐specific LKB1‐KO mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

LKB1 and its target, AMPK, are regulators of muscle metabolism and play an important role in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to myopathic conditions in rodents and humans. We report here that the muscle‐specific knockout of LKB1 (KO) in female mice leads to a dysfunctional muscle phenotype and signs of congestive heart failure similar to other mitochondrial myopathies. At 9‐11 mo. of age, body weight (BW) was lower (p = 0.05) for KO vs control littermate (C) mice (21.6 ± 0.7 vs 26.2 ± 0.6 g). Absolute gastrocnemius (GAST) weight was lower for KO vs C mice (77.3 ± 2.9 vs 101.1 ± 3.7 mg), but not different as expressed relative to BW. Heart (HRT) weight relative to BW was greater in KO vs C mice (5.6 ± 0.3 vs 4.4 ± 0.1 mg). Cytochrome C (CytoC) and UCP‐2 levels were 40.1% and 59.3% lower, respectively, in KO vs C GAST muscles. CytoC, UCP‐2, UCP‐3, and cytoC oxidase‐1 (COX‐1) were all significantly lower in KO vs C HRT (33.8%, 50.8%, 49.5%, and 61.1% lower, respectively). Phosphorylation of CREB, one transcription factor controlling the expression of mitochondrial enzymes, was also decreased in HRT (40.1%) and GAST (35.6%) of KO vs C mice. Our findings suggest that impaired mitochondrial function may underlie the myopathic phenotype of LKB1‐deficient mice. This study was supported by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grant AR‐051928.
Fingerprint on Ballistic after Shooting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research involved fingerprints on ballistics after shooting. Two objectives of research were as follows; (1) to study the duration of the existence of latent fingerprints on .38, .45, 9 mm and .223 cartridge case after shooting, and (2) to compare the effectiveness of the detection of latent fingerprints by Black Powder, Super Glue, Perma Blue and Gun Bluing. The latent fingerprint appearance were studied on .38, .45, 9 mm. and .223 cartridge cases before and after shooting with Black Powder, Super Glue, Perma Blue and Gun Bluing. The detection times were 3 minute, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 78 and 84 hours respectively. As a result of the study, it can be conclude that: (1) Before shooting, the detection of latent fingerprints on 38, .45, and 9 mm. and .223 cartridge cases with Black Powder, Super Glue, Perma Blue and Gun Bluing can detect the fingerprints at all detection times. (2) After shooting, the detection of latent fingerprints on .38, .45, 9 mm. and .223 cartridge cases with Black Powder, Super Glue did not appear. The detection of latent fingerprints on .38, .45, 9 mm. cartridge cases with Perma Blue and Gun Bluing were found 100% of the time and the detection of latent fingerprints on .223 cartridge cases with Perma Blue and Gun Bluing were found 40% and 46.67% of the time, respectively.
Feline giardiasis: Observations on natural and induced infections

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The excretion of Giardia sp cysts in the feces of naturally and artificially infected cats fluctuated sporadically, and cysts were undetectable several times during 7 weeks of observation. The mean prepatent period for Giardia infection in 7 cats was 9.6 days (range, 5 to 16 days). The amount of the cyst inoculum did not appear to affect the length of the prepatent period. Six of 11 cats had clinical signs consistent with those of giardiasis. Clinical signs and cyst excretion were eliminated after treatment with metronidazole or furazolidone. Moderate oral or parenteral doses of corticosteroids produced little, if any, alteration in the infection. Postmortem examination of 1 inoculated cat revealed Giardia trophozoites in the jejunum and upper portion of the ileum but not in the duodenum, lower portion of the ileum, cecum, or colon. Giardia cysts isolated from cat feces produced infection in Mongolian gerbils but not in C57BL/6J mice.
Study on Molecular Improvement of Rice Functional Lomponents

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper briefly reviewed the progress of the physiological function of functional components including resistantstarch, GABA, IP6, oryzanol, VE and octacosanol in rice products (such as starch, broken grain, rice bran, rice embryo and riceshell etc.) and molecular improvement of rice germplasm containing special functional components, which will provide the newway to develop and prepare the new functional food.
Induction of biliary cholangiocarcinoma cell apoptosis by 103Pd cholangial radioactive stent gamma-rays.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(103)Pd radioactive stents which provide a radioactive dosage of 197.321 MBq are effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma; (103)Pd radioactive stents should be useful for the clinical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Characterization of TAZ domains important for the induction of breast cancer stem cell properties and tumorigenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of tissue growth and cell fate during development and regeneration. Conversely, deregulation of the Hippo pathway has been reported in several malignancies. Here, we used integrative functional genomics approaches to identify TAZ, a transcription co-activator and key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, as an essential driver for the propagation of TNBC malignant phenotype. We further showed in non-transformed human mammary basal epithelial cells that expression of constitutively active TAZ confers cancer stem cell (CSC) traits that are dependent on the TAZ and TEAD interacting domains. In addition, to gain a better understanding of how TAZ functions, we performed genetic-function analysis of TAZ. Significantly, we identified that both the WW and transcriptional activation domains of TAZ are critical for the induced CSC properties as well as tumorigenic potential as manifested in vitro and in human breast cancer xenograft in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of TAZ activity may provide a novel means of targeting and eliminating breast CSCs.
Oral contraceptives, smoking, and venous thromboembolism.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reservations are expressed regarding the study of Lawson et al. which concluded that differences in fibrinolytic activity between smokers and nonsmokers play no part in venous thrombosis in women on oral contraceptives. The Lawson study design did not take into account modifying as well as initiating factors. It also excluded women who had died from thromboembolism and those who had such a mild case they were not hospitalized. Thus the full range of occurrence is not represented. Those who died might have had poor fibrinolytic responses. This could have been related to smoking. At the other extreme, the mild episodes could be associated with particularly active fibrinolytic response. Again the relationship to smoking needs to be investigated. Even if the balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic activity does not play much part in determining the onset of a venous thrombus, it may still affect the subsequent propagation and eventual size of the clot. Then smoking could be of considerable relevance. The Lawson study also drew conclusions on hemostatic mechanisms when no direct studies of these mechanisms were carried out. 2 prospective studies are underway which may answer these questions.
New York: Roundtable 7, 1992

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

NYPD patrol services bureau disorder control plan; Police department questionnair fromy the office of the special advisor to the board of police commissioners city of Los Angeles - NYPD; NYPD patrol guide re rapid mobilization, emergency mobilization of off-duty members of service, and use of tear gas; Memo re interview of representatives of NYPD from Richard A Rosenthal and Donald Etra to comparisons study group; Overview of the NYPD by commissioner Lee P Brown, 1992. PART OF SERIES: Materials in the series pertain to the relationship between police officials and the communities they serve in the context of riot prevention and control. Included are interviews and roundtable discussions with law enforcement personnel from several major cities, pamphlets and newsletters produced by the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University, several reports and studies pertaining to civil disorder, and a series of articles about community-based policing reproduced by the Traffic Institute. PART OF SUBSERIES: Interviews with police officials from several major jurisdictions about their departments' operations.
Foursided Roman Arch

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Quadrifrons arch (1st century a.C.) in Terracina, Italy. The monumental entrance to the Emilian forum towards the east was constituted by this arch. Freed from medieval structures in the bombing of 1943, it was originally characterized by four large arches arranged on a square plan and above the Via Appia, whose pavement is still visible. Sometimes four-sided arches were placed at crossroads, The arch was one of the main honorific styles in the Roman world, a wide variety and number of arches have survived. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The Use of Marketing Data in Courts of Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increasing use of marketing data as legal evidence seems certain. And recent court decisions mean that everyone interested in marketing, advertising, and survey research should be familiar with the use of marketing data in courts of law. This article reviews pertinent features of the American legal system. It also describes some of the unusual problems in collecting and presenting marketing data to courts and administrative agencies. Standards for survey-research evidence are also explained.
Adipic Acid as a Biodegradable Solid Acid Catalyst for One-Pot, Three Component Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Background: 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols are an attractive group of organic compounds that can be converted to oxazine heterocycles and aminoalkyl naphthols. The derivatives of 1- amidoalkyl-2-naphthols have significant biological activities and act as drug candidates. Methods: 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols were synthesized via the three-component condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, acetamide/benzamide and various aldehydes in the presence of 10 mol% of adipic acid as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions at 120°C. Results: A simple, efficient, and operative method for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphtholes in the presence of adipic acid as the biodegradable catalyst is introduced. Easy operation, acceptable reaction times, eco-friendly, availability of starting materials, simple separation of products, and high yields of products are the significant results of this method. Conclusion: In this study, 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols were synthesized using commercially available reactants in excellent yields and relatively shorter times. In this process, microwave or ultrasonic waves were not used to provide energy for the reaction.