jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral Intake of Slowly Digestible α-Glucan Such as Resistant Maltodextrin Leads to Increased Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 in Rats and Helps Thicken Their Ileal Mucosae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To investigate whether the oral intake of slowly digestible α-glucan (SDG) could have a trophic (i.e., thickening) effect on their ileal mucosae, for 10 d, rats were given control (non-SDG), 10% isomaltodextrin (IMD) or 10% resistant maltodextrin (RMD) diets. In addition, experimental rat groups were further divided into two groups each and their diets either had or had not 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) added as a thickening agent. In the jejuna and the ilea, compared with control rats, the villus length and the mucosal thickness, but not the crypt depth, were significantly greater in the RMD-fed rats, with the trophic effect being weaker in the IMD-fed rats than in the RMD-fed rats. The colonic crypt depth was significantly greater in SDG groups than in the control group. The concentration of plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 in the portal veins of the RMD group but not the IMD group was significantly higher than in the control group, with no effect of CMC supplementation on its concentration. The concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids did not significantly increase with SDG supplementation except for propionate concentration of the IMD-supplemented rats, compared with those in the control rats. We concluded that SDGs, especially RMD, thickened the mucosae of the rat distal small intestines. In particular, this effect of RMD but not IMD could have resulted from increased glucose available as a secretagogue of the trophic hormone GLP-2, in the ileum.
Sterically Congested LLX‐Type PNSi Tridentate Ligands for Iridium‐Catalyzed C(sp 3 )–H Borylation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Iridium catalysts bearing LLX‐type PNSi tridentate ligands (Ir/PNSi catalysts) were developed as new effective catalysts for the C(sp 3 )–H borylation of alkanes and alkyl groups that do not have directing groups. The Ir/PNSi catalysts were prepared in situ from [Ir(OMe)(cod)] 2 and 8‐diarylphosphino‐2‐[(di‐ tert ‐butylhydrosilyl)methyl]quinolines, which are readily synthesized from commercially available 8‐bromo‐2‐methylquinoline. The Ir/PNSi catalyst exhibited higher chemoselectivity than a standard Ir/Me 4 phen and our previously reported Ir/NNSi catalysts. Thus, the Ir/PNSi catalysts promoted selective borylation of the sterically less crowded C(sp 3 )–H bonds in 2‐methylheptane and dibutyldimethylsilane. The C(sp 3 )–H‐selective borylation in the presence of C(sp 2 )–H bonds was also achieved with the Ir/PNSi catalysts in the reaction of 4‐substituted alkylbenzenes. Such notable chemoselectivity may be due to the congested environment around the iridium center formed by the mer ‐tridentate coordination of the PNSi ligands.
Exercise Is Required for Visceral Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise without weight loss, a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet, and diet plus exercise (D+E) on total abdominal and visceral fat loss in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-three postmenopausal women (body mass index, 34.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were assigned to one of three interventions: a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet alone, exercise alone (EX), and D+E for 14 wk. Aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal fat distribution (magnetic resonance imaging), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were measured pre- and postintervention. Body weight (∼4.5 kg) and percent body fat (∼5%) were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) with the D and D+E intervention, whereas only percent body fat (∼2.3%) decreased with EX. Total abdominal fat and sc adipose tissue (SAT) were reduced with the D and D+E interventions (P &lt; 0.05), whereas visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased with the D+E and EX intervention, but not with the D intervention. EX resulted in a reduction in total abdominal fat, VAT, and SAT (P &lt; 0.05) despite the lack of weight loss. The reductions in total abdominal fat and SAT explained 32.7% and 9.7%, respectively, of the variability in the changes in fasting glucose levels, whereas the reductions in VAT explained 15.9% of the changes in fasting insulin levels (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, modest weight loss, through either D or D+E, resulted in similar improvements in total abdominal fat, SAT, and glycemic status in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes; however, the addition of exercise to diet is necessary for VAT loss. These data demonstrate the importance of exercise in the treatment of women with type 2 diabetes.
Peran Polres Sukabumi dalam Penanganan Prostitusi Online Berdasarkan UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of the Sukabumi District Police (Polres) in tackling online prostitution cases based on Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Human Trafficking Crimes. Online prostitution has rapidly developed with the advancement of information and communication technology, where perpetrators use social media and messaging applications to offer sexual services anonymously. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, involving in-depth interviews with police officers, legal document analysis, and field observations. The results indicate that the Sukabumi District Police face various challenges, including limited human resources and technology, as well as difficulties in cooperating with internet service providers. Nevertheless, the Sukabumi District Police have implemented various strategies, such as enhancing digital forensics capabilities and public awareness campaigns, to address these issues. The study concludes that law enforcement against online prostitution requires collaborative efforts between law enforcement officers, internet service providers, and the community. The recommendations generated include increasing the capacity of police personnel in digital forensics and improving cross-agency cooperation for more effective law enforcement.
Opportunities for the Growth of the Agro-Industrial Complex Economy with the Negative Dynamics of External Development Conditions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The options for adapting the agro-industrial complex of the Russia to the EU bans on the import of high-tech equipment, machinery, elite seeds, and productive livestock, which are unfavorable for its economy, are analyzed. Among the possible adaptive versions of the development of the development direction, there are cases of agrarian reform that have not been implemented before. Their main goal is to prevent the decline and rise in prices in the changed conditions of production in the economy. It is possible to adjust the practice and state support of agricultural labor by financing the largest areas of development of agricultural enterprises – ​road construction, energy supply, public amenities, and development of inter-district markets for products and means of production, increasing the amount of rental income received at the location. Recommendations are formulated to expand and reduce the cost of meat and dairy products production in the non-chernozem (non-black soil) zone by including abandoned meadows and pastures in the economic turnover. Financing of this expansion is also possible from the means of state support for enterprises with the simultaneous development of the interregional labor market.
Research Article Therapeutic Time Window for Edaravone Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Copyright © 2013 Kazuyuki Miyamoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young people. No effective therapy is available to ameliorate its damaging effects. Our aim was to investigate the optimal therapeutic time window of edaravone, a free radical scavenger which is currently used in Japan. We also determined the temporal profile of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to a controlled cortical impact (CCI). Edaravone (3.0mg/kg), or vehicle, was administered intravenously at 0, 3, or 6 hours following CCI.The production of superoxide radicals (
Synergistic antiviral effect of PEG-asparaginase (ONCASPAR), with protease inhibitor alone and in combination with RT inhibitors against HIV-1 infected T-cells: a model of HIV-1-induced T-cell lymphoma.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the anti-HIV-1 activity of the T-cell-specific protein inhibitor PEG-asparaginase (PEG-ASNase) in human HIV-1-infected T-cells. We further examined the drug synergism between PEG-ASNase and the protease inhibitor Saquinavir (SAQ), both alone and in combination with nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Our drug synergism studies served as a model for an HIV-induced T-cell lymphoma. Phytohemagglutinin [PHA(+)] stimulated T-cells were infected with HIV-1 and then treated with one or more drugs 90 minutes from the viral exposure. To measure inhibition of viral replication, we examined HIV-1 RT and HIV-1 RNA in the supernatant and intracellularly on day 7 post-infection and drug treatment. Last, we examined the effect of administering drugs immediately after HIV-1 infection of T-cells to simulate treatment after an accidental exposure to the virus. PEG-ASNase, even when used alone, has anti-HIV-1 activity in PHA(+)-stimulated T-cells due to inhibition of protein synthesis. When the drug was used with SAQ, the combination was synergistic in inhibiting HIV-1 RT and RNA in the supernatant and intracellularly by 2.5 log10 in comparison with controls. PEG-ASNase and SAQ were even more effective in inhibiting HIV-1 replication when combined with the NRTI inhibitors azidothymidine (AZT) and (-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC, lamivudine). The addition of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, 2-methyl-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione (MISID), further potentiated the antiviral effect of the regimen. HIV-1 RT and RNA analyses showed that the administration of the PEG-ASNase + SAQ drug combination immediately following exposure to HIV-1 completely inhibited the infection of T-cells in our in vitro T-cell model. From these results we conclude that PEG-ASNase is a valuable T-cell-specific protein inhibitor against HIV-1 infection, when used singly or in combination with a protease inhibitor, an RT inhibitor and an RR inhibitor. Since PEG-ASNase is a drug of choice for the treatment of T-cell lymphomas, a combination regimen containing PEG-ASNase could be very effective in the treatment of HIV-1-induced T-cell lymphoma and possibly AIDS. Future studies are needed in HIV-infected and/or HIV-induced T-cell lymphoma patients to investigate these findings.
Serum uric acid and self-reported rheumatoid arthritis in a multiethnic adult female population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the limitations imposed by self-reporting of RA on self-administered questionnaires and in-person interviews, practitioners should be aware that women self-reporting RA are at risk of having high SUA levels as well as more traditional CVD risk factors. These women should be offered appropriate preventive interventions related to their increased risk for CVD events.
Revisiting internal waves and mixing in the Arctic Ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

To determine whether deep background mixing has increased with the diminishment of the Arctic sea ice, we compare recent internal wave energy and mixing observations with historical measurements. Since 2007, the North Pole Environmental Observatory has launched expendable current probes (XCPs) as a part of annual airborne hydrographic surveys in the central Arctic Ocean. Mixing in the upper 500 m is estimated from XCP shear variance and Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth (CTD) derived Brunt‐Väisälä frequency. Internal wave energy levels vary by an order of magnitude between surveys, although all surveys are less energetic and show more vertical modes than typical midlatitude Garrett‐Munk (GM) model spectra. Survey‐averaged mixing estimates also vary by an order of magnitude among recent surveys. Comparisons between modern and historical data, reanalyzed in identical fashion, reveal no trend evident over the 30 year period in spite of drastic diminution of the sea ice. Turbulent heat fluxes are consistent with recent double‐diffusive estimates. Both mixing and internal wave energy in the Beaufort Sea are lower when compared to both the central and eastern Arctic Ocean, and expanding the analysis to mooring data from the Beaufort Sea reveals little change in that area compared to historical results from Arctic Internal Wave Experiment. We hypothesize that internal wave energy remains lowest in the Beaufort Sea in spite of dramatic declines in sea ice there, because increased stratification amplifies the negative effect of boundary layer dissipation on internal wave energy.
CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTION OF MOTH BEAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN ARID ZONE OF RAJASTHAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted in 19 villages of Bikaner and Churu districts of Rajasthan with the sample size of 316 mothbean growers. Results indicated that the mothbean growers in majority knew improved cultivation practices of mothbean and had adoption to the moderate extent. The study highlights that there are varous of constraints which affect the process of adoption, however, few of them are most important one which affect the extent of adoption of recommended production technology of mothbean. The most importance were weed control through ‘herbicides is technically complex phenomenon’, ‘lack of knowledge about improved technologies of seed, weedicides and plant protection measures’, ‘absence of assured marketing at remunerative price and insurance policy facility’, ‘lack of operational skill in the plant protection equipments’ and ‘sandy storm, high wind velocity and high temperature affect the growth of crop and productivity’, ‘unavailability of inputs at the time of peak season’ and ‘lack of water policy decided by the government’.The another important constraints least perceived by the farmers were labour charges are costly, lack of appropriate agronomical practices and low yield potential of prevalent varieties.Moreover, it was evident that with the increase in knowledge and adoption there is decrease in number of constraints face by mothbean growers.
Removing Escherichia Coli Bacteria in River Water using Ceramic Membrane from Mixed Clay and Fly Ash Material

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The existence of water lately is quite alarming, especially in urban areas. The increasing of river water pollution through industrial and domestic waste, herbicide / pesticide and also the contaminant left-over cause the quality of river water getting worse beyond the allowance limit of standard for clean and drinking water. The most important criteria in examining clean and drinking is the ingredient test of microbiology with Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) bacteria, which is a patogenic bacteria to human, as the indicator. This study aims to remove E.Coli bacteria in water river in Geudong, Lhokseumawe using membrane filter made of ceramic mixturing with clay and fly ash n various compositions; clay:fly ash (40%:60%), clay:fly ash (50%:50%) and clay:fly ash (60%:40%). The ceramic membrane was made with sintering method in 700°C temperature for 4 hours and the filtration test was done in varios of operating pressure; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75, 1,00 and 1,25 bar. The result of the study showed that ceramic membrane with the composition of clay:fly ash (40%:60%) was able to reject E-Coli up to 99,048% with operating pressure 0,25 bar. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test, it is known that the ceramic membrane with the composition of clay-fly ash (40%:60%) is included as microfiltration membrane with pore size 1,6 μm – 2 μm.
Using eye tracking to investigate the evaluation-performance relationship in visual attention

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recently, two accounts have attempted to account for the effects of evaluation on performance, the mere effort account (Harkins, 2006; McFall, Jamieson, & Harkins, 2009) and the focus of attention account (Muller & Butera, 2007; Normand, Bouquet, & Croizet, 2014). The focus of attention account suggests that undergoing evaluation causes a reduction in processing capacity, which, in turn, leads individuals to prioritize the most relevant information and disregard less focal information. In support of this notion, Normand, Bouquet, and Croizet (2014) report an experiment in which participants were asked to look at a fixation cross followed by a brief abrupt onset cue that flashed in one of four locations forming a square followed by a display of four letters (three Qs and one O) in the same square. The participants task was to identify the location of the O as quickly and as accurately as possible. The brief onset cue appeared either in the location where the O would appear (valid trials), in a location where the Q would appear (invalid trials), or onsets flashed in all four locations (neutral trials). Normand et al., found that participants subject to evaluation exhibited smaller cueing effects (i.e., the difference between invalid and valid trial reaction times) than their non-evaluated counterparts, which they interpreted as evidence for the cue having less impact on reaction times.
Therapy of coxsackie virus B3-induced myocarditis with WIN 54954 in different formulations.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antiviral efficacy of WIN 54954 was demonstrated in vivo in a Coxsackie B 3 virus (Woodruff strain) induced myocarditis mouse model. The model was selected because of the high mortality rate during the first week, which was convenient for antiviral therapy regimen studies. The antiviral component WIN 54954 was found to inhibit the early virus-induced mortality almost completely if treatment was started at the same time as virus was inoculated. However, there was still a late mortality, occurring at 1-2 months after virus inoculation. Non-infected mice which were treated with the drug did not show any such late effects. However, drug treatment in non-infected mice did not cause any mortality. When therapy was delayed for one day, 85% survived for 3 weeks as compared to 100% mortality after just over 3 weeks in the infected control group (p < 0.05). With a delay of 4 days after viral inoculation, a therapeutic effect was still noted. Thus, mortality was virtually abrogated when the compound was given early, but the effect vanished with time of delay. Different preparations of the WIN 54954 substance were tried, and it was found that a fat emulsion containing several nutrients (Nutrodrip) was superior to other used formulations. We conclude that the use of the antiviral drug WIN 54954 in treatment of enteroviral associated diseases is of great value if therapy is started early. Thus therapy is almost fully effective within 24 hours of infection, but the beneficial effects decline with time. Nutrodrip oil emulsion was found superior as vehicle as compared to other formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Smart business networks: interaction‐coordination aspects and risks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize key interaction‐coordination attributes and the uniqueness of smart business networks. Design/methodology/approach The methodology analyzed is smart business networks, encompassing all three traditional business process life‐cycle stages between dynamically interacting enterprises. Emphasis is put on the business aspects and the related risks. Findings Smart business networks open the possibility to configure business processes and stakeholders on the fly. This implies some key paradigm changes, both of a technical and of a business nature, which are offered here for discussion via a set of propositions. Research limitations/implications By economic and risk analysis, such as that summarized in this paper, one can progress towards the analysis of interacting heterogeneous enterprises. Practical implications The implementation involves, amongst others, the embedding of business logic specific to a network of business partners, inside the communications control networks. It also involves the definition of business protocols between these partners and the joint management of some common functions relying on open networking standards. Examples are given from the wireless communications industry. Originality/value As quick‐connect/quick‐disconnect business networks and processes become more prevailing based on unique resources or competences, the paper introduces the missing risk analysis this requires at an architectural and business level.
Optimal Adaptive Designs with Inverse Ordinary Differential Equations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary Many industrial and engineering applications are built on the basis of differential equations. In some cases, parameters of these equations are not known and are estimated from measurements leading to an inverse problem. Unlike many other papers, we suggest to construct new designs in the adaptive fashion ‘on the go’ using the A‐optimality criterion. This approach is demonstrated on determination of optimal locations of measurements and temperature sensors in several engineering applications: (1) determination of the optimal location to measure the height of a hanging wire in order to estimate the sagging parameter with minimum variance (toy example), (2) adaptive determination of optimal locations of temperature sensors in a one‐dimensional inverse heat transfer problem and (3) adaptive design in the framework of a one‐dimensional diffusion problem when the solution is found numerically using the finite difference approach. In all these problems, statistical criteria for parameter identification and optimal design of experiments are applied. Statistical simulations confirm that estimates derived from the adaptive optimal design converge to the true parameter values with minimum sum of variances when the number of measurements increases. We deliberately chose technically uncomplicated industrial problems to transparently introduce principal ideas of statistical adaptive design.
A Conditional Diffusion Model for 3D Human Pose Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Monocular 3D human pose estimation is a highly challenging task due to inherent depth ambiguity and occlusion. In response to these challenges, many previous works have utilized temporal information to enhance the richness of information. However, such methods can only derive a specific 3D pose from a single image, which fails to address ambiguity. Fortunately, denoising diffusion probabilistic models have recently achieved success in various computer vision tasks (e.g., generating images and image segmentation). Diffusion-based methods produce a set of possible result for each image. Inspired by this, we explore a novel Conditional Diffusion-based 3D human Pose estimation framework (CDiffPose) that formulates 3D human pose estimation as a 2D keypoints-guided 3D pose synthesis problem. We utilize a pre-trained model to represent 2D keypoints information as conditioning information. Subsequently, we inject the conditional information into the denoising model. Our denoising model (Denoiser) adopts a cascaded approach involving GCN and Transformers. Finally, the model generates multiple 3D candidates poses for a single 2D keypoint to alleviate the inherent depth ambiguity. Extensive experiments are conducted on Human3.6M benchmark, our proposed method demonstrates competitive performance.