jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In silico ADME/T Prediction of Steroidal Chalcone derivatives using Swiss ADME and OSIRIS explorer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer is the most devastating and widespread disease all over the globe. To overcome drug resistance, new drugs need to be developed that are target specific. Previously designed ten steroidal chalcone derivatives were assessed for their pharmacokinetic profile and toxicity. The present study describes the evaluation of these derivatives for their ADME profile and toxicity using Swiss ADME and OSIRIS web tools. Structures of designed steroidal chalcone derivatives and progesterone (standard) were converted into canonical SMILES format by using Swiss ADME web tool. These structures were submitted to the Swiss ADME web tool that provided physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. The OSIRIS web server was mainly used for predicting toxicity properties of all derivatives. OSIRIS results on toxicity showed that all compounds were slightly toxic. Based on Swiss ADME analysis, compounds 4, 9 and 10 have an acceptable bioavailability and comply with Lipinski's rule of five. By evaluating their drug score and ADMET properties, it was concluded that compounds 4, 9 and 10 could potentially have favourable characteristics of oral drugs, and further research could be carried out to evaluate them as anticancer agents by performing in-vitro and in-vivo cytotoxic studies.
Nanomaterials and Child Health

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nanomaterials are all around us. Nanomaterials are used in everything from paint to batteries, car tires, sunscreen, and water filters, and they are generated unintentionally through combustion, friction, volcanic eruptions, and countless other processes in nature. Nanomaterials represent a growing category of potentially toxic substances for children. Some nanoscale particles may be more toxic than larger forms, and some nanomaterials are smaller than the barriers of the human body. It is therefore important to understand the potential for early exposures. Even if just a small fraction crosses the body’s protective barriers, this can still be a large number of particles.
The Clinical Learning Challenge of Surgery Technologist Students: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Clinical learning is an important part of the health field, where the student interacts with the environment and applies the learned concepts in practice. Clinical environments such as operating rooms are challenging for students due to their special complexity and can have a negative impact on their learning process. In order to identify students ‘learning challenges in the operating room environment, the present study was conducted to explain students’ experiences in the field of clinical learning challenges. Materials and Methods: The present qualitative study was performed by contract content analysis method in 2022 in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Fourteen surgical technology students were purposefully selected and data were collected using in-depth semi-structured individual and group interviews and analyzed using the Granheim and Landman approaches. Results: The participants were interviewed over a period of 5 months. 9 face-to-face interviews were conducted with 14 participants. There were 6 individual interviews and 3 group interviews. The average duration of the interview was 30 minutes. The interviews continued until data saturation and when no new themes or categories were obtained from the interviews. The findings included a theme of “unfavorable learning environment” and three categories of “confusion in learning educational content, improper professional behavior of staff and insufficient self-confidence”. The main challenge that students faced in the field of clinical learning was the unfavorable learning environment. Conditions such as confusion in learning educational content, improper professional behavior of staff and insufficient self-confidence experienced by the students in the operating room, cause the students to find the learning atmosphere in the operating room unfavorable. Conclusion: Improving the behavior and performance of staff and physicians in accordance with the standards of professional and ethical behavior and its regular evaluation from the perspective of students and other colleagues can play an effective role in maintaining professional conditions. Also, using experienced instructors who have the role of facilitating communication and learning of students in the operating room environment will play an effective role in reducing fear and controlling inappropriate behaviors of staff towards students. Educational officials are advised to solve the existing problems in order to improve the educational atmosphere of the operating room.
Validated analytical method for characterization of alcohols marketed in Tehran, Iran

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and objective: Various types of alcohol for severalapplications are available worldwide, of which, disinfection is one of the most important. In Muslim nations, consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited even at low quantities in accordance to halal status. Therefore, denatonium benzoate (commercially known as Bitrex) that has sharp bitterness is added to alcohol to avoid its edible usage. In this regard, at least 10 mg l-1 of denatonium benzoate is added to industrial alcohol according to Iranian Ministry of Health regulation. In our study, we examined the concentration of denatonium benzoate and also purity of alcohol samples collected from capital city of Iran (Tehran). Materials and methods: In total, 62 samples of alcohol were collected and analyzed by HPLC for Bitrex and alcoholmeter for purity. For HPLC, C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 5 µm) as stationary phase and phosphate buffer/acetonitrile solution containing sodium lauryl sulfate (50:50 v v-1) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1.2 ml min-1 were used. Results and conclusion: The results revealed that some companies (41 samples out of 62) did not use denatonium benzoate in their products and used fruit essences instead to improve the taste and smell of alcohol. These results were against the force of Ministry of Health in mandatory addition of denatonium benzoate to prevent the samples’ further abuse. In addition, purity of most alcohols was not compatible to the information provided by the labels. We concluded that more restriction and supervision is required to prevent adulteration.
Characterization of Holstein Cull Cows using Morphometric Measurements: Towards Cattle Grading System in Tunisia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

N umerous nations have established a grading system for cattle sold at the livestock auction to evaluate the quality of live animals based on several criteria related to animal conformation and fatness degree.In Tunisia, most animal trade is based on subjective evaluations of cull cows performed by the purchaser.Generally, the prices do not reflect live animal quality.To make a balance between quality and price, there's a need to create an objective live cull cow classification scheme in Tunisia.Principal components analysis to characterize carcasses and living animal based on morphometric measurements has been one of the methods used by several researchers (Brown et al.,
Interspousal Communication on Family Planning and Its Effect on Contraceptive Adoption in Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the hypothesis that interspousal communication on family planning significantly influences the use of contraceptive method in Bangladesh using the nationally representative 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed in the study. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis. Both cross-sectional and fixed-effect binary logistic regression models yielded quantitatively important and statistically reliable estimates of the positive effect of husband–wife discussion on family planning on the current use of contraceptive method. Son preference, current residence, region, and visitations by family planning workers are also important determinants of contraceptive use. Programs should be undertaken on behalf of the government to involve men in family planning to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate at the point that needs to achieve the replacement level of fertility in Bangladesh.
Unveiling interfacial dynamics of zero-dimensional bismuth-based halide perovskite emitters for electrochemiluminescence applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Low-dimensional DMA 3 BiI 6 exhibits superior ECL intensity compared to MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 , driven by stronger electronic coupling, lower activation energy, and reduced defect-mediated nonradiative recombination, highlighting DMA 3 BiI 6 as a promising ECL material.
Oia Wunderlich 1973

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oia Wunderlich, 1973 Type species. Oia sororia Wunderlich, 1973, by original designation. Diagnosis. A new, clarified and extended diagnosis of the genus has recently been proposed by Tanasevitch (2019b). Species included. The genus presently contains five species, including the new species described below: Oia breviprocessia Song & Li, 2010, O. imadatei (Oi, 1964), O. kathmandu Tanasevitch, 2019, O. sororia Wunderlich, 1973, and O. probosciella, new species. Distribution. Russian Far East, eastern China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, West Bengal (India), and Nepal (World Spider Catalog, 2022). Range. The genus shows a typical southern East Asian Palaearctic distribution pattern (sensu Vtorov & Drozdov, 1978), with only the southern part of its range entering the Oriental Region.
Sand dune fixation: A solar‐powered Sahara seawater pipeline macroproject

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper proposes macro‐engineering using tactical technologies that stabilize and vegetate barren near‐coast sand dune fields with seawater. Seawater that would otherwise, as commonly postulated, increase the Earth–ocean volume. Anthropogenic saturation of the ground with pumped seawater should fix widespread active sand dune fields in deserts (such as the westernmost Sahara). Seawater extraction from the ocean, and its deposition on dune sand, is made via solar‐powered pipeline. Stabilisation of one major erg in Mauritania is evaluated as a case study. The financial cost of the macroproject is estimated as a few billion US$—less than about 0·1 per cent of the USA's 2007 gross domestic product. The initial investment may be between 0·6 and 1·1 billions US$. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on Dynamic Benefits and External Economy of Pumped-storage Plant

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Pumped-storage plant can take on the tasks of reducing peak and filling valley, emergency reserve, frequency modulation, phase modulation, etc. in power system. It is of significances for improving the stability and flexibility of electric system, for amending supply quality and raising network safety and economics. It is an economic and effective regulating way to the power system. However, some factors severely affect the financial viability of pumped-storage plant, for example external economy not converting into internality, dynamic benefits not reclaimed. Especially after separation of grid and generation, evaluation of external economies is more important to pumped-storage power station. This paper will first introduce the method of its dynamic benefit evaluation, Based on that, a method of sharing benefits and relevant industrial policy of pumped-storage power station is put forward. The writer hopes that its external economy can be internalized reasonably and the functions and benefits of pumped-storage plant can be afforded adequately through study of this paper.
Sustained by First Nations: European newcomers' use of Indigenous plant foods in temperate North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Indigenous Peoples of North America have collectively used approximately 1800 different native species of plants, algae, lichens and fungi as food. When European explorers, traders and settlers arrived on the continent, these native foods, often identified and offered by Indigenous hosts, gave them sustenance and in some cases saved them from starvation. Over the years, some of these species – particularly various types of berries, such as blueberries and cranberries (<em>Vaccinium </em>spp.), wild raspberries and blackberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), and wild strawberries (<em>Fragaria </em>spp.), and various types of nuts (<em>Corylus </em>spp., <em>Carya </em>spp., <em>Juglans </em>spp., <em>Pinus </em>spp.), along with wild-rice (<em>Zizania </em>spp.) and maple syrup (from <em>Acer saccharum</em>) – became more widely adopted and remain in use to the present day. Some of these and some other species were used in plant breeding programs, as germplasm for hybridization programs, or to strengthen a crop's resistance to disease. At the same time, many nutritious Indigenous foods fell out of use among Indigenous Peoples themselves, and along with their lessened use came a loss of associated knowledge and cultural identity. Today, for a variety of reasons, from improving people's health and regaining their cultural heritage, to enhancing dietary diversity and enjoyment of diverse foods, some of the species that have dwindled in their use have been “rediscovered” by Indigenous and non-Indigenous Peoples, and indications are that their benefits to humanity will continue into the future.
Psychosocial Determinant of Diabetes Management among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Focus group discussion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes distress, poor self-care, and impaired coping are the common psychological and behavioral issues that have always been known to complicate the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mindfulness-based therapies, especially Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), have demonstrated potential to alter these outcomes although qualitative data are needed to supplement quantitative data. Aim: The study has investigated the attitudes of the stakeholders regarding the psychological and behavioral impact of T2DM and the applicability of mindfulness-based interventions. Method: A purposively selected sample size of 6 participants including one doctor, dietitian, physiotherapist, clinical psychologist, patient with T2DM, and caregiver participated in a qualitative focus group discussion. The FGD guide was prepared based on searching literature systematically and attended the top themes of distress, self-care, coping, psychological flexibility, and social support. The two-hour meeting took place online, was recorded, and transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using themes. Findings: Emotional distress, irregular self-care practices, social support were observed to have displayed key difficulties associated with them. The participants also pointed to the usefulness of mindfulness and ACT-derived interventions in improving coping, psychological flexibility, as well as adjusting towards following self-care regimes, with a need to extend such intervention models to take into account the cultural specifics of the targeted population. Conclusion: Mindfulness-informed interventions, and in particular, ACT-based intervention programs, have a potential to positively affect psychological and behavioral outcomes of T2DM illness management through mitigating distress and improving self-care and support systems.
BELIEVES THE LAW TYRANNIC

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To the Editor:

—I have been surprised to observe that among so many inquiries about the new Harrison law there have been but few adverse criticisms, although it is justly liable to adverse criticism. 1. The law is an usurpation by Congress of the police power of the states. The right of Congress to impose a revenue tax on any article is admitted, but in the case of narcotics the Congress assumes authority to regulate use, distribution and sale. If it is competent for the Congress to regulate the sale and distribution of one drug or one group of drugs, why not of another, and why not of all? If these premises be admitted, it is not apparent why the Congress may not assume the enactment of general medical practice laws and complete the federal usurpation of state authority. 2. The necessary blanks for ordering supplies of the listed drugs
Shallow junctions in silicon via low thermal budget processing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper summarises recent findings concerning the fabrication of ultra-shallow junctions in silicon for future generations of CMOS devices. In particular we concentrate on vacancy engineering to achieve carrier concentrations of 5-6times10 20 cm -3 for boron in silicon without diffusion and report for the first time preliminary data for antimony implants into strained silicon in which even higher carrier concentrations were obtained. All of this can be produced at temperatures below 800degC for annealing times of 10 seconds, without the need for spike annealing, fast ramp rates or laser processing
P1–438: Cholinergic deficiency syndrome as indicator for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) like donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine have been licensed for symptomatic therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and seem to have an effect on neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson's disease. Despite the numerous trials with CEIs, factors that might a priori predict a response to cholinesterase inhibitors have not yet been identified. We propose that to the benefit of patients a neuropsychiatric syndrome can be delineated that develops as a consequence of cholinergic deficiency in the central nervous system. The cholinergic deficiency syndrome (CDS) is characterised clinically by loss of attention, impaired concentration and reduced capacity to detect select relevant stimuli. The specific features of cholinergic deficiency may be quantified and/or qualified by a limited set of neuropsychological tests. In a prospective cohort study, patients with progressive cognitive deterioration combined with parkinsonism and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms were recruited. At baseline clinical evaluation and neuropsychological tests were performed. After baseline measurements rivastigmine was administered. Clinical and neuropsychological tests were repeated at 3 and 6 months. Response to therapy was defined as improvement in 3 domains: cognition (MMSE), activities of daily living (IDDD) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI). Based on this responder criterion, responders and non–responders were compared. Of the first 39 patients who entered this study 23 could be evaluated. Of these 23 patients, 11 were classified as responders to rivastigmine therapy. When comparing changes on neuropsychological tests we found significant differences between responders and non–responders in Stroop test (chart3) and visual reaction time. Based on neuropsychological and clinical test scores a cholinergic deficiency risk score was calculated in which patients were categorized as having low, intermediate and high risk. In the high risk group improvement on the responder outcome measures was significantly better. We hypothesise that based on specific neuropsychological tests a cholinergic risk profile can be calculated which may be a good indicator for CEI treatment and can be helpful to define responders to therapy in various degenerative diseases with cholinergic deficiency.
A New Crater Near InSight: Implications for Seismic Impact Detectability on Mars

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new 1.5 m diameter impact crater was discovered on Mars only ~40 km from the InSight lander. Context camera images constrained its formation between 21 February and 6 April 2019; follow‐up High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images resolved the crater. During this time period, three seismic events were identified in InSight data. We derive expected seismic signal characteristics and use them to evaluate each of the seismic events. However, none of them can definitively be associated with this source. Atmospheric perturbations are generally expected to be generated during impacts; however, in this case, no signal could be identified as related to the known impact. Using scaling relationships based on the terrestrial and lunar analogs and numerical modeling, we predict the amplitude, peak frequency, and duration of the seismic signal that would have emanated from this impact. The predicted amplitude falls near the lowest levels of the measured seismometer noise for the predicted frequency. Hence, it is not surprising this impact event was not positively identified in the seismic data. Finding this crater was a lucky event as its formation this close to InSight has a probability of only ~0.2, and the odds of capturing it in before and after images are extremely low. We revisit impact‐seismic discriminators in light of real experience with a seismometer on the Martian surface. Using measured noise of the instrument, we revise our previous prediction of seismic impact detections downward, from ~a few to tens, to just ~2 per Earth year, still with an order of magnitude uncertainty.