jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marking the Feline Esophagus with Small Tantalum Wires An Experimental Technic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Only a few investigators have evaluated labeling of the esophageal wall with metallic markers in experimental animals (3, 4, 6) or in the human (1, 2, 7). Usually, implantation of a marker has necessitated thoracotomy or laparotomy. A transesophageal approach, however, avoids possible undesirable, physiologic alterations caused by surgery. The present report describes a transesophageal technic for marking the esophageal wall of cats with small tantalum wires. Such markers permit evaluation of esophageal motility. Materials and Method Marking procedures were performed on 9 cats. The animals were anesthetized with sodium pento–barbital (30 mg'kg intraperitoneally) and secured supine on a board. To permit visualization, the esophageal mucosa was outlined by powdered tantalum, insufflated into the esophagus through a NO.7 French polyethylene catheter (5). The apparatus for implantation of the tantalum wire consisted of a No. 18 needle, 24 cm long, fitted with a steel wire plunger. A single, tantalum wire sliver (diameter 0.4 mm, length 3 mm) was inserted into the end of the needle. The flexible needle was controlled by passing it through a No. 7 French Teflon sleeve attached to a supporting metal rod of 5 mm diameter. Under fluoroscopic control, the apparatus was positioned in the distal esophagus. Lateral displace–ment of the apparatus stretched the mucosa across the mouth of the Teflon sleeve, insuring mucosal engagementas the needle was advanced. The tip of the needle was passed about 1 mm beyond the sleeve until it could be felt to catch in the mucosa. The esophagus was returned to the midline by repositioning the apparatus. Prolapse of the mucosa was prevented by applying countertraction to an inflated Foley balloon in the proximal esophagus. The mucosa was completely penetrated by advancing the needle 3 to 5 mm and, by pushing the plunger, the sliver was expressed into the esophageal wall. Powdered tantalum coating of the mucosa permitted accurate placement of the needle tip and of the tantalum slivers under fluoroscopic control. With this method,8 to 12 slivers were implanted into each esophagus studied (Fig. 1). Three cats were killed immediately after the procedure. The other 6 animals received penicillin 400,000 units and strep tomycin 0.5 gm intra–muscularly daily for live days. Of these 6 cats, 1 was killed at one week, another at two weeks, and a third at four weeks. Three animals prepared early in the study died from mediastinal hematoma or aspiration pneumonitis one to six days after marking. On cine–esophagography of 3 cats one to four weeks after implantation of tantalum sliver, no alterations were observed in the esophageal motility. Examination of the resected esophagi showed most of the tantalum wires to be located in the esophageal adventitia. A few slivers were seen to be in the mediastinum.
A major endothelial plasmalemmal sialoglycoprotein, gp60, is immunologically related to glycophorin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycophorins, the major sialoglycoproteins of red blood cells in many species, are generally considered to be specific to erythroid cells. Using polyclonal antibodies directed against mouse glycophorin (alpha gp), we have identified a glycoprotein antigenically related to glycophorin on the surface of bovine and rat cultured endothelial cells. Immunoblotting with alpha gp identified a single 60-kDa polypeptide on transfers of SDS/polyacrylamide gels of solubilized confluent endothelial monolayers. In addition, a 60-kDa polypeptide was immunoprecipitated by alpha gp from lysates of 125I-labeled intact endothelial cells. Controls with preimmune serum were negative. This antibody interaction was inhibited by murine erythrocyte ghosts and purified glycophorins. Our past work identified several endothelial surface sialoglycoproteins including a 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) that (i) interacts with albumin, (ii) binds Limax flavus, Ricinus communis, and Triticum vulgare agglutinins but not other lectins, (iii) is sequentially precipitated from 125I-labeled cell lysates by using R. communis agglutinin followed by T. vulgare agglutinin, and (iv) is sensitive to sialidase digestion. Immunoblotting of such precipitates with alpha gp demonstrates that lectins recognize the same glycoprotein, namely gp60. These results indicate that gp60, a major endothelial surface sialoglycoprotein, shares antigenic epitope(s) with glycophorin.
1441. Using Carbapenem Resistance Levels to Discriminate Between Carbapenemase Producing and Non-Carbapenemase Producing Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a growing threat globally. Many CRE organisms carry plasmids that produce a carbapenemase enzyme (CP-CRE). Early detection of CP-CRE and aggressive infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are necessary to reduce transmission of resistant organisms and their plasmids. Many hospital laboratories do not test CRE for carbapenemase production. In Apr ‘18, the Philadelphia Department for Public Health (PDPH) established mandatory CRE reporting including isolate submission for mechanism testing at public health laboratories. Methods We analyzed trends of carbapenem resistance in CP and non-CP-CRE. We calculated sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) at each level of carbapenem resistance to develop a predictive model with goal of effectively discriminating CP and non-CP CRE. ROC curves were plotted. Results From June,’18-Feb,’20, 351 CRE had genetic mechanism testing. 192 (54.7%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 53 (15.1%) were Enterobacter cloacae, 52 (14.8%) were E. coli, and the remaining 54 (15.4%) other Enterobacteriaceae.186 (53.0%) had a recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ertapenem, 191 (54.4%) for meropenem, 116 (33.0%) for imipenem, and 9 (2.6%) for doripenem. Doripenem was not further analyzed. The odds of being CP-CRE increased with increasing MIC. One standard dilution increase in MIC was associated with the following odds ratios (OR) of being CP-CRE: ertapenem OR 1.43 (95% CI: 1.11–1.83), imipenem OR 2.52 (95% CI: 1.7–3.793), meropenem, OR 2.20 (95% CI: 1.72–2.81). For each carbapenem, we calculated Sen, Spe, PPV, and NPV values for five MIC cut points; 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 ug/ml, non-CP CRE defined as ≤ MIC cut point, CP-CRE defined as &gt; cut point. Figure 1. ROC Curves Table 1. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV of MIC Cut Points Conclusion There were no MIC cut points that performed well in both Sen and Spe, however, for the purposes of IPC, correctly classifying CP CRE (Sen) is more important than correctly classifying non-CP CRE (Spe). MIC cut points that performed best were imipenem MIC of 1 ug/ml and meropenem MIC of 1 ug/ml, with Sen 98%, 94% respectively, PPV 85%, 84% respectively and NPV 88%, 76% respectively. When further testing is not available, MIC cut points may be used to infer CP production. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Online impedance detection method for monitoring equipment aging in low voltage distribution system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Line aging or equipment aging will affect the stable operation of low voltage distribution lines, but the aging of lines and equipment is often difficult to monitor. Based on the existing technology, this paper proposes an online impedance detection method, and predicts the aging degree of line or equipment by online monitoring technology. The line impedance of low voltage distribution system is monitored online of the data measured by smart meter. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the actual power grid model, which is of great significance to the stable operation of the power system.
Household Access to Microcredit and Children's Food Security in Rural Malawi: A Gender Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using data from the 1995 Malawi Financial Markets and Food Security Survey, this study seeks to discover if women's relative control over household resources or intra-household bargaining power in rural Malawi, gauged by their access to microcredit, plays a role in children's food security, measured by anthropometric nutritional Z-scores. Access to microcredit is assessed in a novel way as self-reported credit limits at microcredit organizations. Since credit limits, that is, the maximum sums that might be borrowed, hinge upon supply-side factors such as the availability of credit programs and the financial resources of lenders, it is plausible they are more exogenous than demand driven loan uptake or participation in microcredit organizations, the common ways of gauging access to microcredit. It is indicated that whereas the access to microcredit of adult female household members improves 06 year old girls', though not boys', long-term nutrition as measured by height-for-age, the access to microcredit of male members has no such salutary effect on either girls' or boys' nutritional status. This may be interpreted as evidence of a positive relation between women's relative control over household resources and young girls' food security. That women's access to microcredit improves young girls' long-term nutrition may be explained in part by the subsidiary finding that it raises household expenditure on food.
Insulin sensitivity, β cell function, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The potential impact of β cell function and insulin sensitivity on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between β cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This observational study included 482 women diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy. Quantitative metrics on β cell function and insulin sensitivity during pregnancy were calculated using traditional equations. The association of β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance with the risk of the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes was investigated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were 1.00, 0.95, 1.34, and 2.25, respectively ( P for trend = 0.011). When HOMA-IR was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.56) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-IR. Multivariable-adjusted ORs of adverse pregnancy outcomes across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β) were 1.00, 0.51, 0.60, and 0.53, respectively ( P for trend = 0.068). When HOMA-β was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.24–0.90) for each 1-unit increase in HOMA-β. However, other quantitative metrics were not associated with the composite adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: We demonstrated a significant association of β cell function and insulin sensitivity with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have provided additional evidence on the early identification of adverse pregnancy outcomes besides the glycemic values.
Pneumonia in inmunocompetent patients: combination antibiotic therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pneumonia's burden is still important worldwide not only because of its high incidence and mortality, but also for the elevated costs related to it. Despite the concerted efforts to reduce the incidence of sepsis-related complications, they continue to represent a major human and economic burden. The cornerstone of sepsis management is early appropriate empiric broad spectrum antibiotics, resuscitation, and source control. The association between inappropriate use of antibiotics and increased mortality is the rationale for the use of empiric antibiotic combination therapy in critically ill patients. The aim of this manuscript was to discuss recent literature regarding the management of severe pneumonia, both community-acquired and hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated, in critically ill patients. Use of combination therapy is warranted in severe infections with shock; considerations should be made on the importance of optimal antibiotic administration and adverse reactions, thus providing guidance for a rational use of antibiotics.
From the Specialty Board

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

No AccessPerspectives on Fluency and Fluency DisordersSIG News1 Feb 2009From the Specialty Board Gary J. Rentschler Gary J. Rentschler Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Duquesne UniversityPittsburgh, PA Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/ffd19.1.39 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "From the Specialty Board." Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders, 19(1), p. 39 Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 19Issue 1February 2009Pages: 39-39 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Feb 1, 2009 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 2009 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Brittleness and Packing Density Effects on Blast-hole Cuttings Yield of Selected Rocks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper evaluates brittleness and packing density to analysis their effects on blast-hole cutting yield for three selected rocks in Nigeria. Brittleness test (S20) was carried out in accordance with Norwegian Soil and Rock Engineering and the Brittleness Index (BI) for the selected rocks were estimated. The packing density determined from the photomicrograph of the rock samples. The grain size of 45 blast-holes drill cuttings collected from three selected while drilling of these rocks were determined using standard method of America Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 2487. The brittleness values are 50%, 44% and 42% for micro granite, porphyritic granite and medium biotite granite respectively. The result of BI varied from 10.32 – 11.59 and they are rated as moderately brittle rocks. The values of packing density varied from 92.20 – 94.55%, 91.00 -92.96% and 92.92 – 94.96% for all the rocks. The maximum weights of blast-hole particle size retained at 75 µm are 106.00g, 103.28 g and 99.76 g for medium biotite granite, micro granite and porhyritic granite respectively. Packing density values have correlation to some extent with (S20) values hence, this influence the yield of blast-hole cuttings as drilling progresses. The minimum weight of blast-hole cuttings particle size retained at 150 µm agrees with brittleness index classification for micro granite.
Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Chronic Pain

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pain is a poorly understood component of medicine. Despite the fact that pain is one of the most common reasons a patient seeks medical assistance, there is limited understanding of this process. Pain often produces a great deal of anxiety for patient, because it signals that something is wrong within the body. This is further complicated and compounded by the fact that pain is a totally subjective experience. There is no way to accurately and consistently measure pain. However, one of the first questions most physicians ask a patient is “How much pain do you have?” This inanity has been perpetuated by the advent of the most useless of all medical assessments which is an attempt to quantify this subjective experience-the fifth vital sign. Nowadays, a physician asks a patient “How much pain do you have on a scale of one to ten?” and then dutifully records the answer.
Super-Class Guided Transformer for Zero-Shot Attribute Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Attribute classification is crucial for identifying specific characteristics within image regions. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been effective in zero-shot tasks by leveraging their general knowledge from large-scale datasets. Recent studies demonstrate that transformer-based models with class-wise queries can effectively address zero-shot multi-label classification. However, poor utilization of the relationship between seen and unseen attributes makes the model lack generalizability. Additionally, attribute classification generally involves many attributes, making maintaining the model’s scalability difficult. To address these issues, we propose Super-class guided transFormer (SugaFormer), a novel framework that leverages super-classes to enhance scalability and generalizability for zero-shot attribute classification. SugaFormer employs Super-class Query Initialization (SQI) to reduce the number of queries, utilizing common semantic information from super-classes, and incorporates Multi-context Decoding (MD) to handle diverse visual cues. To strengthen generalizability, we introduce two knowledge transfer strategies that utilize VLMs. During training, Super-class guided Consistency Regularization (SCR) aligns model’s features with VLMs using super-class guided prompts, and during inference, Zero-shot Retrieval-based Score Enhancement (ZRSE) refines predictions for unseen attributes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SugaFormer achieves state-of-the-art performance across three widely-used attribute classification benchmarks under zero-shot, and cross-dataset transfer settings.
323 Assessing the economic injury threshold and decay of performance after onset due to Horn fly abundance in beef cattle.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Horn flies (Haematobia irritans) are among the most economically detrimental ectoparasites in beef cattle, negatively impacting animal welfare and productivity by reducing feed intake and growth performance. The industry-standard economic injury threshold (EIT) of 200 flies per animal has been widely used to determine the point at which intervention is necessary. However, individual tolerance to horn fly infestation varies, and a one-size-fits-all threshold may not be suitable for optimal herd management. The objective of this study was to determine individualized EITs for beef heifers using Bayesian changepoint models, incorporating both subjective and image-based horn fly counts, as well as growth performance metrics. Data were collected from 337 heifers at two University of Georgia research farms (Eatonton and Calhoun) over three years (2022–2024). At each time point (March, June, and August), animals were weighed, and horn fly infestation was assessed using two methods: trained evaluator assessments (subjective counts) and image-based fly counts. Bayesian changepoint models were implemented to determine the exact threshold at which growth performance started declining (EIT), the rate of decline after reaching this threshold (DPO), and an upper limit beyond which additional fly burden no longer affected performance (UST). The results indicated substantial variation in EIT across animals, with estimates ranging from 261 to 322 flies, depending on the growth interval considered. This suggests that the widely accepted industry threshold (200 flies) may underestimate tolerance in some animals while being too high for others. The rate of decline in growth performance (DPO) also varied, emphasizing the need for individualized fly management strategies. Furthermore, the two-changepoint model identified an upper threshold (UST), at which further increases in fly burden did not significantly impact growth, reinforcing the idea that fly tolerance is not uniform across all animals. These findings demonstrate that Implementing data-driven EITs tailored to individual, or herd-level susceptibility could improve economic outcomes by optimizing intervention timing and reducing unnecessary pesticide applications. Future research can focus on validating these thresholds in different genetic lines and management environments, further enhancing precision livestock farming approaches.
Intensive Archaeological Survey in Southeast Asia: Methodological and Metallurgical Insights from Khao Sai On, Central Thailand

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Intensive surface surveys are a well-established method in the landscape archaeology of many parts of the world, but have remained relatively rare in Southeast Asian research. This article summarizes the contribution of existing surveys in the latter region and offers results from a short but informative survey of a metal-producing landscape in central Thailand. We argue that there is much to be gained from a fuller integration of systematic landscape reconnaissance into wider Southeast Asian research agendas and consider some of the strengths and weaknesses of such an approach in this cultural and physical environment.
High-Throughput Sequencing and Metagenomic Data Analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Metagenomic approaches are a growing branch of science and have many applications in different fields.Metagenomics seems to be the ideal cultureindependent technique for unraveling the biodiversity of soils and to study how this biodiversity is affected with continuously changing conditions.In addition, its application in clinical and diagnostic approaches was reported.The emergence of several next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies enriched the metagenomics.The combination between NGS and metagenomic approaches helped the investigators resolve several issues regarding the microbial diversity and the functions and relationships among different microbial flora.A number of NGS approaches were developed including Roche/454 pyrosequencing, Illumina/Solexa sequencing, and Applied Biosystems/SOLiD sequencing.In this chapter, different NGS platforms are discussed in terms of principle, advantages, and limitations.In addition, thirdgeneration sequencing technologies are also addressed.