jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Oligosaccharide-metabolizing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Camel Milk in Xinjiang and an Analysis of Bacterial Flora Diversity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fermented camel milk from Xinjiang serves as an excellent medium for cultivating lactic acid bacteria. To determine the diversity of lactic acid bacteria and bacterial communities in the fermented milk originating from different regions of Xinjiang, single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) and microbial pure culture techniques were used to analyze nine milk samples from three regions of Xinjiang. Tee SMRT results revealed the rich and diverse compositions of bacterial communities among the different samples, identifying 899 genera and 158 species in total. In samples from the Dabancheng region, bacteria in the genera Lactobacillus (60.44%), Lactococcus (14.66%), and Raoultella (12.06%) were identified as being the most abundant, whereas Lactobacillus (32.27%), Lactococcus (28.86%), and Pseudomonas (12.56%) were found to predominate samples obtained from the Hami region, and Lactococcus (43.80%) and Serratia (16.01%) were identified as being predominant in samples from the Keping region. At the species level, Raoultella aquatica (12.06%), Pseudomonas fragi (7.50%), and Klebsiella oxytoca (6.67%) were established to be the most abundant in milk samples from Dabancheng, Hami, and Keping, respectively. Furthermore, using microbial pure culture methods to evaluate the metabolic capacities of 15 strains of lactic acid bacteria for xylo-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin, and isomalto-oligosaccharides. And seven strains of lactic acid bacteria capable of metabolizing these four oligosaccharides were obtained through screening, of which, strains A-1, B-3, C-1, C-2, and C-5 were identified as Lactococcus lactis, and strains A-2 and B-1 were identified as isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus paracasei, respectively. These findings highlight clear regional differences in the structure of bacterial communities colonizing fermented camel milk in Xinjiang, and provide a theoretical basis and microbial resources for developing fermentation starters for this unique dairy product.
Figure 1. Dextrasepiola taenia n. gen. & n in Two new genera and species of sepioline squids (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) from Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 1. Dextrasepiola taenia n. gen. & n. sp., male: a, dorsal view, holotype (MOV F80458); b, ventral view (MOV F80458); c, lateral view (MOV F80458); d, hectocotylised arm (right arm I; MOV F80458); e, diagram of the hectocotylised arm showing tape-like modification, paratype 2 (MOV F74469; drawn by T. Okutani); f, inside mantle cavity, showing photophores (p) and other organs (MOV F80458); g, diagram of opened funnel and inside mantle cavity showing dorsal funnel organ (dfo), ventral funnel organ (vfo) and photophores (p; MOV F80458; drawn by T. Okutani).
Incompressible and Analytical Study on an Out-Pump Type Complex Thrust Gas Bearing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The structure of an out-pump type thrust gas bearing was described, and an analytical model was developed under completely incompressible condition. The objectives were to investigate the coupling between aerodynamics and aerostatics in a complex thrust gas bearing and to improve the performance of the bearing. The model showed that the load-carrying capacity had five parts to it and that apparently there were pressure coupling and structure coupling between aerodynamics and aerostatics. The surface feature function was identically positive: it increased the load-carrying capacity greatly. There was also no limit regarding the pressure ratio—when the pressure ratio was 0, the load-carrying capacity increased to about 25%.
Study on Technology of Natto-pineapple Chip

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Delicious and nutritious Natto-pineapple Chip was produced by using natto as main material,pineapple,sugar,starch and brown rice powder as accessories.The optimal production conditions of Natto-pineapple Chip were obtained by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments as followed: the ratio of natto to pineapple 1 ∶1,sugar content 18 %,starch content 12 %,brown rice powder content 9 %.On this condition,organoleptic investigation of Natto-pineapple Chip was 92 and color,mouthfeel,flavor reached the optimum level.
The Comprehensive Charge Control Modeling With Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor(IGCT)super charge control model is developed by applying the general charge control equation to the device. The turn off currents are simulated and as a result, their waveforms tally with the measuring waveforms with given parameters. Therefore the super charge control model is suitable for IGCT switching behavior analysis and IGCT gate circuit design.
QTL-mapping in the obese Berlin Fat Mouse identifies additional candidate genes for obesity and fatty liver disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with liver weight, liver triglycerides, and body weight using the obese BFMI sub-line BFMI861-S1. BFMI861-S1 mice are insulin resistant and store ectopic fat in the liver. Methods In generation 10, 58 males and 65 females of the advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1xB6N were phenotyped under a standard diet over 20 weeks. QTL analysis was performed after genotyping with the MiniMUGA Genotyping Array. Whole-genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines was used for the prioritization of positional candidate genes. Results Three QTL associated with liver weight, body weight, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) weight were identified. A highly significant QTL on chromosome (Chr) 1 (157–168 Mb) showed an association with liver weight. A QTL for body weight at 20 weeks was found on Chr 3 (34.1–40 Mb) overlapping with a QTL for scAT weight. In a multiple QTL mapping approach, an additional QTL affecting body weight at 16 weeks was identified on Chr 6 (9.5–26.1 Mb). Considering sequence variants and expression differences, Sec16b and Astn1 were prioritized as top positional candidate genes for the liver weight QTL on Chr 1; Met and Ica1 for the body weight QTL on Chr 6. Interestingly, all top candidate genes have previously been linked with metabolic traits. Conclusions This study shows once more the power of an advanced intercross line for fine mapping. QTL mapping combined with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify additional and plausible candidate genes linked to metabolic traits in the BFMI861-S1xB6N AIL. By reidentifying known candidate genes in a different crossing population the causal link with specific traits is underlined and additional evidence is given for further investigations.
Thermophilic Bacilli in Commercially Heat Treated Milks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thermophilic bacilli are an important group of contaminants in the dairy industry, as their presence in dairy products is an indicator of poor hygiene and high numbers are unacceptable to customers.A total of Fifty samples of pasteurized milk and UHT milk (25 of each) representing different brands available on the market were randomly collected in their retail containers from groceries, dairy shops and supermarkets in different localities at Menoufia governorate.These samples were examined bacteriologically for the presence of thermophilic aerobic spore forming bacilli.The highest incidence of thermophilic aerobic spore formers was in pasteurized milk followed by UHT milk with an incidence of 44% and 40% and with mean value of 1.3 x10 4 ± 8.6x10 3 and 9.4xl0 2 ± 3.9x10 2 C.F.U/ml, respectively.The most frequently isolated thermophilic (55°C) strains in examined samples were Bacillus licheniformis followed by Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Oxygen Electroreduction on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Supported Metal Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins in Acid Media

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Metal phthalocyanine and porphyrin functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as non-precious electrocatalysts for the electroreduction of oxygen. The catalyst materials were heat-treated at different temperatures before electrochemical testing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study was carried out in order to examine the surface composition. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been investigated on Fe phthalocyanine/MWCNT, Co phthalocyanine/MWCNT, Fe porphyrin/MWCNT and Co porphyrin/MWCNT catalysts. Electrochemical experiments were carried out in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution employing the rotating disk electrode (RDE) method. The RDE measurements showed increase of electrocatalytic activity for MN4 macrocycle/MWCNT modified electrodes in acid media and catalytic activity increased with increase of pyrolysis temperature. Particularly high electrocatalytic activity for ORR was observed for electrodes heat-treated at 800 °C. The RDE results obtained indicate the effect of different nitrogen groups introduced by pyrolysis on the electrocatalytic activity.
Compression automation of circular stapler for preventing compression injury on gastrointestinal anastomosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background Conventional manual compression relies on the surgeon's subjective sensations, so excessive compression can cause tissue injury to the stapling line of the intestinal anastomosis. Methods Automatic compression monitoring and compression control system was developed for circular stapler. The tissue injury related compression variables were evaluated and accommodated by compression control device. The compression injury‐reducing performance was verified on collagen sheets of in vitro experiments. Results Excessive pressure and tissue deformation were associated with compression‐induced tissue damages. The safe pressure range was very narrow in weaker tissue than normal collagen. The automatic system performed proper compression within a safe pressure range without tissue injury. Conclusions Manual compression of circular stapler could cause tissue injuries by excessive pressure and tissue deformation. Our automatic compression system is designed to control peak pressure to prevent the compressive tissue injury.
The Effects of Magnetic Circuit Geometry and Material Properties on Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Permanent magnet synchronous generator is one of the generator types used in electrical energy production. In this study, a 1.5 kW inner rotor, surface located permanent magnet synchronous generator is used as a reference. The computer model of this generator has been prepared using Maxwell Rmxprt software. Rmxprt analysis of the generator has been performed and results were obtained for no-load and nominal load operating conditions. Parameters such as cogging torque which is an important parameter especially for permanent magnet synchronous generators used in wind turbines and efficiency were examined. The effects of changing in magnetic circuit as the permanent magnet pole arc to pole pitch ratio, magnet thickness and magnet material parameters on the generator performance were analyzed comparatively.
Atrophy in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia spans multiple large-scale prefrontal and temporal networks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The identification of a neurodegenerative disorder’s distributed pattern of atrophy—or atrophy ‘signature’—can lend insights into the cortical networks that degenerate in individuals with specific constellations of symptoms. In addition, this signature can be used as a biomarker to support early diagnoses and to potentially reveal pathological changes associated with said disorder. Here, we characterized the cortical atrophy signature of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We used a data-driven approach to estimate cortical thickness using surface-based analyses in two independent, sporadic bvFTD samples (n = 30 and n = 71, total n = 101), using age- and gender-matched cognitively and behaviourally normal individuals. We found highly similar patterns of cortical atrophy across the two independent samples, supporting the reliability of our bvFTD signature. Next, we investigated whether our bvFTD signature targets specific large-scale cortical networks, as is the case for other neurodegenerative disorders. We specifically asked whether the bvFTD signature topographically overlaps with the salience network, as previous reports have suggested. We hypothesized that because phenotypic presentations of bvFTD are diverse, this would not be the case, and that the signature would cross canonical network boundaries. Consistent with our hypothesis, the bvFTD signature spanned rostral portions of multiple networks, including the default mode, limbic, frontoparietal control and salience networks. We then tested whether the signature comprised multiple anatomical subtypes, which themselves overlapped with specific networks. To explore this, we performed a hierarchical clustering analysis. This yielded three clusters, only one of which extensively overlapped with a canonical network (the limbic network). Taken together, these findings argue against the hypothesis that the salience network is preferentially affected in bvFTD, but rather suggest that—at least in patients who meet diagnostic criteria for the full-blown syndrome—neurodegeneration in bvFTD encompasses a distributed set of prefrontal, insular and anterior temporal nodes of multiple large-scale brain networks, in keeping with the phenotypic diversity of this disorder.
High expression of interleukin-1βin the corneal epithelium of MRL/lpr mice is under the control of their genetic background

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY MRL/Mp mice bearing the Fas deletion mutant gene, lpr (MRL/lpr), spontaneously develop polyarthritis, sialoadenitis and dacryoadenitis, resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and also corneal involvement such as keratopathy and scleritis, which is a major complication in RA patients. In this study, we found that the expression levels of IL-1β and MMP-1 mRNAs in cornea were high in both MRL/lpr and MRL/Mp-+/+ strains of mice at an age younger than when they develop any inflammatory lesions. This was not true of other inbred strains, even those bearing the lpr gene, and also not of (NZB × NZW) F1 lupus mice. There was no significant difference in the expression of IL-1α and TGFβ in cornea in these strains. Using crosses between MRL/lpr and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr (C3H/lpr) mice, at least the expression of IL-1β was found to be under the control of the MRL genetic background, likely with a recessive mode of inheritance. Considering that IL-1β in cornea was detected particularly in the epithelial layer, the high expression of IL-1β in cornea is most likely involved in the genetic predisposition for corneal involvement and possibly also for arthritis in an MRL strain of mice.
Detecting photosynthetic algal pigments in natural populations using a high-spectral-resolution spectroradiometer

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Reflectance data from a high spectral resolution spectroradiometer were obtained onboard a ship in Plymouth coastal waters. These data were analysed to detect algal photosynthetic accessory pigments for comparison with absorption spectra as measured in the laboratory by a spectrophotometer. The overall spectral characteristics of Plymouth waters allowed identification as to population composition. Derivative analysis of the spectra was used to resolve characteristic peaks of specific pigments. It was determined that chlorophyll pigments, a specific carotenoid and sea water absorption bands were detectable in the reflectance data. Absorption bands of photosynthetic and accessory pigments were assessed through chromatographic pigment analysis.
[Hematologic characteristics in Black Africa].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the physiology and pathology of blood are similar in western countries and in tropical areas, some clear differences in blood constants and in haematological disorders are characteristics of latter regions. Haemoglobinopathy, G6PD deficiency and nutritional anemias predominant among red blood cells diseases; Burkitt's lymphoma is particular among lymphomas; in haemostatic abnormalities the frequency of intravascular coagulation and the rarity of thrombosis should be emphasized.
[Phage therapy for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen widely distributed in hospital settings. It can survive for a long time and cause a variety of infections, including pneumonia, septicemia, urinary tract infections, and meningitis. The bacterium demonstrates extensive resistance, particularly to critical antibiotics like carbapenems and polymyxins, posing a serious threat to the recovery of severely ill patients. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii has been designated as a pathogen of critical priority on the World Health Organization (WHO) Bacterial Pathogen Priority List, requiring urgent development of new therapeutic agents. Phages, as a novel biological control approach, exhibit substantial potential in combating A. baumannii infections due to their specific ability to infect and lyse bacteria. This review highlights the application and potential of phages and phage-derived enzymes against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, considering the epidemiological trends of A. baumannii in China, with the aim of providing innovative insights and strategies for phage therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Line filter for high power inverter locomotive using active circuit for harmonic reduction ::prototype tests results

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to reduce the harmonic contents of the currents injected by the power converter in the overhead traction line, a passive input filter is actually used in high 'power and high performance 3KV locomotives.The aim of this paper is to explain how it is possible to maintain the harmonic components of current below the limits established by the Italian State Railways, at the same time reducing weight and dimension of the locomotive filter. An experimental fulfilment of a combination of an active and a passive filter is shown, together with the relevant control scheme and the experimental results.
Norovirus Attachment and Entry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human norovirus is a major human pathogen causing the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis globally. Viral entry is the first step of the viral life cycle and is a significant determinant of cell tropism, host range, immune interactions, and pathogenesis. Bile salts and histo-blood group antigens are key mediators of norovirus entry; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules promote infection and the identity of a potential human norovirus receptor remain unknown. Recently, there have been several important advances in norovirus entry biology including the identification of CD300lf as the receptor for murine norovirus and of the role of the minor capsid protein VP2 in viral genome release. Here, we will review the current understanding about norovirus attachment and entry and highlight important future directions.
Effect of lumbar sympathectomy on the muscles.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the physiological data concerning microcirculation and sympathetic control, the author foresees the effects that one must obtain with lumbar sympathectomy. The improvements of cutaneous circulation are usually well known while those of muscular circulation are more debated. To prove it, the author has studied the muscular flow after sympathectomy using Xenon radioactive method and the non invasive electromagnetic flowmetry method. Despite the background of a short experience in this matter, the results seems to point out a beneficial effect of lumbar sympathectomy in muscular circulation at rest and exercise, in patients having obstructive arteriopathies of the lower extremities.
Interventions for children with Developmental Language Disorder that target oral pragmatic language

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study presents a review of interventions targeting the oral pragmatic language abilities of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), as well as an overview of the ingredients and teaching techniques used to provide changes, determine the setting and dosage, test the efficacy of the intervention, and measure the quality of the studies. The review adheres to regulations outlined in the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Seven electronic databases were searched using appropriate search terms. Only single-case studies (AB, ABA, interrupted time series, alternating treatment, multiple baseline designs, and non-experimental case designs) were included. All included papers were published between 2006 and 2020. The age range of participants was 3 to 18 years and included participants who were either formally diagnosed with DLD or met the criteria for language disorder. Studies where oral pragmatic language was measured as an outcome variable were included and appraised using Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies (RoBANS). Eleven studies were included in the final analysis: these studies reported on interventions in the domain of pragmatic language for children with DLD aged 3 to 9 years. Seven of the interventions targeted conversational skills, while the remaining four targeted narrative skills. All studies used prompting or modelling techniques to enhance pragmatic abilities selected for change such as initiation, response, turn-taking, topic management, adaption to listener knowledge, and the ability to build sequences. Several of the children in the studies improved their pragmatic skills after undergoing the intervention, however individual differences were noted. All interventions were carried out in the children’s schools and varied in terms of duration. The quality of the studies included was medium. Due to the diversity observed among the studies regarding oral pragmatic outcome measures that were used to evaluate changes, as well as the ingredients and teaching techniques used, it was difficult to draw precise conclusions about recommendations for practitioners based on the included studies. Although several interventions reported moderate changes in conversational and narrative skills, as well as good social validity, the findings are considered weak because of the lack of ecological validity.