jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an endogenous pain inhibition phenomenon that can be summarized simply as one type of pain being able to inhibit another, which must be in a remote area in relation to the first pain. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of four CPM test paradigms as well as the association of the CPM effect with potential predictors in 72 healthy volunteers. Pressure pain from an algometer was used as the test stimulus, and pain provoked by cold water or ischemic pressure was used as the conditioning stimulus, applied either sequentially or in parallel. No significant differences were found between the test paradigms, although the cold-parallel test showed the most significant effect size (ηP2 = 0.614). No association was found between the CPM effect and sociodemographic variables (age or sex), nor anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, previous history of pain or self-perceived pain tolerance. Nevertheless, a strong association was found between the CPM effect and individual affinity for the stimulus in participants who underwent the cold water test paradigm; this explained around 45% of the total CPM effect when the paradigm (cold water) coincided with personal affinity for the stimulus (“I prefer cold to heat”, “cold is not unpleasant”).
Face ethnicity influences which features drive social judgments

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Humans regularly judge others’ character, including how trustworthy or dominant they are, based on facial appearance. Current models propose that specific facial features drive these judgments, but they are based predominantly on White faces. Here, we show that face ethnicity alters the features that drive trustworthiness and dominance judgments, highlighting the limited generalizability of current models. Using ethnically diverse faces and a powerful data-driven method, we modelled the 3D facial features that drive these key social trait judgments from Black African, East Asian, and White European faces in 60 individual White Western observers. Trustworthiness judgments are driven by a shared set of features plus those that exaggerate or diminish ethno-phenotypic features. Dominance judgments also rely on shared features plus those that exaggerate or diminish signal strength. Our results have direct implications for current theories of social perception and emphasize and the importance of representing ethnic diversity in psychological models.
Human-Computer Interaction In Virtual Educational Environment: Experience Of Moscow State Linguistic University

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Being a many-faceted process human-computer interaction can take different forms, like cooperation, rivalry, struggle, subordination, and – to a certain extent – friendship. Human-computer interaction in teaching foreign languages dates back again to the middle of the 20th century when a number of projects were launched and the first learning management systems appeared. The authors suggest a model of human-computer interaction in online linguistic education that includes five components: technical platform; method of online teaching foreign languages; authors of teaching materials; teaching staff; managing body. The most important component seems to be the method. Each component provides its own type of human-computer interaction, including the use of special software that helps speed up the process of making online courses and increases the efficiency of the learning management process. In сonclusion an example of two online courses is given that are similar by the learning content but are completely different by the level of computerization involved. Thus, using different forms of human-computer interaction can create a “scaling” effect on the same learning material.
Reconciling Subculture and Effects Studies: What Do Students in Australia Want to Know About Media Cultures?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents some data from a research project on contemporary undergraduate media, which suggests this approach addresses the struggle critical media research faces in coming to terms with shifts in media and tertiary education. It begins by explaining how Youth Subcultures framed media influence, and its relation to teaching and researching the social impact of the media. Angela McRobbie, whose engagement with subcultural studies was foundational to the development of both feminist and critical empirical media research, has complained of scholars and students who are too ready to celebrate the play' of popular culture, and too reticent to investigate the global economic conditions of exploitation that this play disguises. The survey gauged how students felt about studying media influence broadly, the research that studies the circumstances where access to media does not enhance the well-being of young people then to assess how these reactions varied according to gender, nationality, career aspiration and media tastes.
Open AccessPoster presentation Human miRNAs: an antiviral defense mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

miRNAs are short 21-24 nt RNAs that mediate post tran-scriptional repression of target genes. Various reports have shown that miRNAs are capable of repressing the gene expression levels of different viruses, leading to the sug-gestion that miRNAs are key mediators of host-virus inter-action [1]. HIV-1 is a retrovirus known to cause AIDS, one of the major diseases in humans. The nef gene of the HIV-1 has been shown to be important for virus repression of CD4+ cells and virus progression. It has also been shown earlier that patients infected with nef deleted HIV-1 do not progress from infected to diseased state for longer periods of time, resulting in the Long Term Non-Progressor phe-notype [2]. Materials and methods We computationally predicted five endogenously
Pier Abutment: Non-Rigid Stress Breaker Appliance -A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Nonrigid connector (NRC) in a fixed partial denture having pier abutment increases the life of the prosthesis. Rigid connectors though most commonly use they result in early failure of the prosthesis such as debonding as well as put adverse effects on the abutments when have been used in the case of pier abutment. This case report presents with the missing first premolar and first molar rehabilitation on the maxillary left arch using non-rigid connector.
Electronic instability in bismuth far beyond the quantum limit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a transport study of semi-metallic bismuth in the presence of a magnetic field applied along the trigonal axis extended to 55 T for electric conductivity and to 45 T for thermoelectric response. The results uncover a new field scale at about 40 T in addition to the previously detected ones. Large anomalies in all transport properties point to an intriguing electronic instability deep in the ultraquantum regime. Unexpectedly, both the sheer magnitude of conductivity and its metallic temperature dependence are enhanced by this instability.
Joint Resistance Characteristics in Ultrasonic Weld REBCO CC Tapes at Various Temperatures and Magnetic Fields

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In coil and magnet manufacturing that requires long length 2G coated conductor (CC) tapes, the development of joining methods for CC tapes with zero or low resistance is necessary. Nowadays, although it is said that CC tapes with around 1-km length were produced, it is still inadequate to produce cables and coil windings. Therefore, the development of a stable and reliable joint for long CC tapes having a low joint resistance (R j ) and the understanding of the magnetic field and temperature dependence of R j is essential in the design of high field magnets and coils. In this study, the characteristics of joint resistance in REBCO CC tapes jointed using ultrasonic welding (UW) method were experimentally evaluated in various temperatures and magnetic field. The CC joints were also fabricated by hybrid welding, which incorporates soldering to the UW joint. The magnetic field and temperature dependencies of joint resistance of both types CC joints were measured. The acquired results showed that the joint resistance decreased with a decrease of temperature, and increased slightly as magnetic field applied increased.
The magnetic field structure of the central region in M 31

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. The Andromeda Galaxy (M 31) is the nearest grand-design spiral galaxy. Thus far, most studies in the radio regime concentrated on the 10 kpc ring. The central region of M 31 has significantly different properties than the outer parts: The star formation rate is low, and inclination and position angle are largely different from the outer disk. Aims. The existing model of the magnetic field in the radial range 6 ≤ r ≤ 14 kpc is extended to the innermost part r ≤ 0.5 kpc to ultimately achieve a picture of the entire magnetic field in M 31. Methods. We combined observations taken with the VLA at 3.6 cm and 6.2 cm with data from the Effelsberg 100-m telescope to fill the missing spacings of the synthesis data. The resulting polarization maps were averaged in sectors to analyse the azimuthal behaviour of the polarized intensity (PI), rotation measure (RM), and apparent pitch angle (φobs). We developed a simplified 3D model for the magnetic field in the central region to explain the azimuthal behaviour of the three observables. Results. Our 3D model of a quadrupolar or dipolar dynamo field can explain the observed patterns in PI, RM, and φobs, while a 2D configuration is not sufficient to explain the azimuthal behaviour. In addition and independent of our model, the RM pattern shows that the spiral magnetic field in the inner 0.5 kpc points outward, which is opposite to that in the outer disk, and has a pitch angle of ≃33°, which is much larger than that of 8°−19° in the outer disk. Conclusions. The physical conditions in the central region differ significantly from those in the 10 kpc ring. In addition, the orientation of this region with respect to the outer disk is completely different. The opposite magnetic field directions suggest that the central region is decoupled from the outer disk, and we propose that an independent dynamo is active in the central region.
Tongkonan Papa Batu Tumakke Toraja: an Educational Center for the Culture and Traditions of the Toraja Society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research discusses the role and evolution of Tongkonan Papa Batu in Toraja society, especially in Banga Village, from 1671 to 2023. Tongkonan Papa Batu is a typical Toraja traditional house which is unique in its architecture, carvings and cultural role. This research aims to understand cultural diversity, historical values, and changes in the function of Tongkonan Papa Batu from the past to the present. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies. Data was obtained through interviews and direct observation. Tongkonan Papa Batu is the main focus, with research covering aspects of architectural uniqueness, Toraja carvings, historical value, and changes in function from the past to modern developments. The results of the research show that Tongkonan Papa Batu in Banga Village has certain uniqueness, especially in its roof which is made of 1000 pieces of carved stone, creating a historical and cultural attraction. This Tongkonan has been around for approximately 700 years and is the center of traditional, ritual and religious activities. The novelty value of this research is that the change in the function of Tongkonan from a traditional house to a tourist destination also has a positive impact on the economy of the local community.
Mutual solubility of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and aliphatic hydrocarbons

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMutual solubility of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and aliphatic hydrocarbonsYizhak Marcus, J. Shamir, and J. SorianoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 1, 133–139Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/j100696a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (789 KB) Get e-Alerts
Prevalence, Correlates, and Outcomes of Cryptococcal Antigen Positivity Among Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is one of the most common causes of AIDS-related mortality worldwide, accounting for 33%–63 % of all cases of adult meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa and&gt;500 000 deaths an-nually. In sub-Saharan Africa, theWorld Health Organization recommends routinely screening AIDS patients with a CD4 count ≤100 cells/µL for cryptococcal infection. In the United States, there are no recommendations for routine screening. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cryptococcal infection and outcomes of those infected among people living with advanced AIDS in the United States, to inform updates in the prevention and management of CM. Methods. Using stored sera from participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women’s Inter-
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and type IV collagen expression in psammoma body forming ovarian cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psammoma bodies (PBs), characterized as calco-spherules with concentric laminations, are common in serous tumors of the ovary. However, there is no agreements as to how the PBs are formed. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has recently been proposed to be involved in the calcification of tumor cells and recent electron microscopic studies demonstrated the presence of type IV collagen in PBs. Based on this evidence, we postulated a possibe role for BMP-2 and type IV collagen in the formation of PBs in ovarian cancer. We examined the expression of BMP-2 and typle IV collagen by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in PBs-forming (NK-211) and -non-forming (SHIN-3, KF-1, A2780, KK-92, KOC-2S, SKOV-3, OMC-3, MN-1, EC, and KEN-3) ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in surgical specimens of serous adenocarcinoma (SA) with/without PBs and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) of the ovary. Cellular growth of cell lines was also evaluated by their doubling time in vitro. Transcripts for BMP-2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR in all cell lines. By immunohistochemistry, BMP-2 protein expression was positive in 45% (5 out of 11) of cell lines. 36.4% (4 out of 11) were positive for type IV collagen. PBs-forming NK-211 was intensively positive for both BMP-2 and type IV collagen. In addition, NK-211 demonstrated extremely slow growth with a doubling time of 450 hours. In surgical specimens, BMP-2 vs. type IV collagen positivities in tumor cells were 100% (20 out of 20) vs. 40% (8 out of 20) in SA with PBs, 61.1% (11 out of 18) vs. 0% (0 out of 18) in SA without PBs and 75% (9 out of 12) vs. 0% (0 out of 12) in MA. In PBs themselves, 100% (20 out of 20) positivity for BMP-2 and 80% (16 out of 20) for type IV collagen was shown. These results raise the possibility that BMP-2 and type IV collagen-producing slow growing tumor cells form PBs in ovarian cancer.
The control of aromatic amino acid catabolism and its relationship to neurotransmitter amine synthesis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aromatic amino acids are, inter alia, substrates for the synthesis of important neurotransmitters. Although the factors controlling the synthesis of these transmitters are not fully understood, there is evidence that the concentrations, both relative and absolute, of the precursor amino acids in the blood are of some significance. The article reviews the biochemical pathways involved in tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine metabolism in liver, brain, and other tissues and discusses (1) the major regulatory events in the maintenance of blood concentrations and (2) the effects of diet, load dosing, hormones, and other circulating substances on the fate of the amino acids and on events in the central nervous system.
On the role of small peptides in the regulation of rna synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Tetrahymena cells secrete a factor which inhibits RNA synthesis in vivo and in vitro. The factor is a relatively small peptide with a molecular weight between 300 and 1500 Daltons. Other, non-specific peptides in the broth medium or added to a chemically defined medium have a stimulatory effect on RNA synthesis in vivo and such peptides also stimulate the in vitro synthesis of RNA in an r-chromatin preparation. On the basis of these results we conclude that such extracellular small peptides compete with a specific factor which is part of the intracellular regulatory mechanism controlling the rate of RNA synthesis. The consequence of such competition is a high overproduction of ribosomal RNA in cells inoculated on peptide-rich broth media.
New, quasi-simultaneous method to calculate interacting boundary layers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A quasi-simultaneous method is described to calculate laminar, incompressible boundary layers interacting with an inviscid outer flow. The essential feature of this method is an interactive boundary condition prescribing a linear combination of pressure and displacement thickness which models the behaviour of the outer flow. This way the quasi-simultaneous method avoids difficulties incurred when either direct or inverse methods are used, resulting in fast convergence of the iterative procedure involved. The method is consistent with asymptotic triple-deck theory. Results will be presented for two problems which exhibit strong interaction between the viscous and inviscid regions: i) a boundary layer with a separation bubble, and ii) the flow near the trailing edge of a flat plate.
Etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Assessment of the knowledge of doctors and senior students. Results of the ASCO-III study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world, being a global problem. In Russia, the prevalence of COPD is 15.3% in the general population and 21.8% among people with respiratory symptoms. Nevertheless, this disease is quite successfully treatable and controllable. Aim. To determine the level of basic knowledge among therapeutic profile physicians and senior medical students regarding the issues of etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of COPD. Materials and methods. The ASCO-III study was conducted in 2019–2023 using an anonymous questionnaire, 478 therapeutic doctors from 11 centers and 401 students from 7 centers participated in it. An original questionnaire based on current clinical recommendations was used to conduct the ASCO-III study. Results. The study revealed an insufficient level of knowledge among doctors and students regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of COPD. In the section on “Etiopathogenesis and Diagnostics,” the level of correct answers (LCA) among doctors was 73.5%, increasing to 82% when including questions about vaccination. For students, the LCA was 68% and 73.6%, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the overall populations of doctors and students concerning the final LCA (p < 0.001). The best results were noted in questions about risk factors for COPD, with 88.0% of doctors and 88.8% of students providing correct answers. Additionally, in questions regarding the signs that may suggest this disease, the correct answer rates were 89.9% for doctors and 84.9% for students. Conversely, the lowest scores were recorded for questions about the CAT and mMRC scales, with incorrect responses from 69.3% of doctors and 72.8% of students. Furthermore, in the question assessing the importance of vaccination as a means of controlling COPD, 45.5% of doctors and 61.6% of students provided incorrect answers. Conclusions. During the analysis of the results of the study, an insufficient level of basic knowledge of respondents on COPD was revealed, which, according to the authors, indicates the need for additional educational activities among practicing doctors and students.
Pregnancy, Periods, and “The Pill”: Exploring the Reproductive Experiences of Women with Inflammatory Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Women with inflammatory arthritis appear to have fewer children as compared with healthy women, but few studies have assessed how patients' attitudes and decision making influence their family sizes. Little is also known about how patients experience other aspects of their reproductive lives, such as menstruation and contraception. Methods We partnered with ArthritisPower, a patient‐powered research network, and its associated online patient community, CreakyJoints, to create and disseminate a survey among female members aged 18‐50 years with inflammatory arthritis. Results Women in the final sample (n = 267) were 40 years old on average; most had rheumatoid arthritis (79%) and were predominantly white and college educated. Many women chose to limit childbearing because of their arthritis (58%); they feared that their arthritis was heritable, their diseases and medications could directly harm a fetus, they would be incapable of physically caring for a child, and arthritis could cause premature death, preventing them from raising their children. Infertility affected 40% of the sample. Half of women experienced subjective arthritis flares around the time of menstruation. Oral contraceptive pills ( OCP s) did not worsen disease activity for most women and even prevented menstrual‐associated arthritis flares for a subset of women. Conclusion Our findings suggest that infertility, but also potentially outsized fear and anxiety related to their diagnoses, may affect the family sizes of women with inflammatory arthritis. The observation that menstruation worsens disease activity for some women requires additional study, and OCP use should be explored as a possible treatment for menstrual‐associated arthritis. Clinicians may wish to consider how they communicate patients' individual pregnancy‐associated risks, reassure patients when appropriate, and help to guide and support patients to make well‐informed reproductive decisions.