jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1 - 3 from Predictive Impact of Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Four Phase III Trials Evaluating Bevacizumab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 234K, Baseline demographics for patients with and without VEGF-A samples in the AVF2107, E4599, AVAiL, and AVOREN trials, The GEN.038 VEGF-A ELISA, Standard curves for different VEGF-A isoforms in the GEN.038 assay, Correlation of baseline plasma VEGF-A levels with patient and tumor characteristics from AVOREN</p>
The city unseen: iconography, specificity and mise en scene in the cinematic representation of Melbourne’s urban space, 1896-1966

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores the iconography of ‘place’ in the cinematic representation of Melbourne’s urban space from 1896 until 1966. The literature on the pictorial representation of Melbourne has often lamented the lack of specificity and the ‘anti­urbanism’ of images of the city. By looking precisely at the cinematic staging of the public urban space this dissertation intends to verify to what extent the cinematic image of the city can be defined as lacking specificity. To achieve this goal the analysis will look at specific scenes in cinematic representations of Melbourne in which the lived public urban space of the city is introduced and defined. By ‘public urban space’ I am specifically referring to cityscapes, views of streets and, with few exceptions, to publicly available city spaces. Each selected filmic representation of the civic space will be analysed in depth through compositional, stylistic, and historical analysis, attempting to verify the capacity of the ‘image’ to record a specific cinematic place and point of view of the city in that given moment. The analysis will look at the correlations between the cinematic staging of the city space and the characteristics of that space and the goals of the films as international promotional material, or local self­representations. Films representing Melbourne often mimic and adapt popular international cinematic points of view when framing buildings and people within the public urban space.
The thesis will investigate the pre­cinematic representations of the city and the arrival of film in Melbourne through the screening of the first foreign­filmed city­views. It will account for the initial appearances of the public city space on film within event­based news features such as the Lumières’ Melbourne Cup (1896). It will look at the style of travelogue films such as Moving Melbourne (Tait brothers 1906), Marvellous Melbourne, Queen City of the South (Spencer 1910) and Melbourne Today (Thring 1931). It will also review the representation of urban space in local community films such as Living Hawthorn (Johnson and Gibson 1906) and A Thriving and Prosperous Suburb. Bird’s Eye View of Footscray (Pathé 1910), which propose a less theatrical staging of the city space. The second part of the thesis will verify the continuation of earlier trends in post­war productions (1945­1966). The iconography of promotional films portraying Melbourne's urban space is compared with that of local planning and public housing films. Finally, these cinematic images are compared with local films by Peter McIntyre and Robin Boyd, Gil Brealey, Giorgio Mangiamele, with the lack of extant representation of the city streets in local feature films and the foreign American perspective on urban space offered by Stanley Kramer in On the Beach.
Information Sharing in Supply Chains: An Empirical and Theoretical Valuation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We provide an empirical and theoretical assessment of the value of information sharing in a two-stage supply chain. The value of downstream sales information to the upstream firm stems from improving upstream order fulfillment forecast accuracy. Such an improvement can lead to lower safety stock and better service. Based on the data collected from a consumer packaged goods company, we empirically show that, if the company includes the downstream sales data to forecast orders, the improvement in the mean squared forecast error ranges from 7.1% to 81.1% across all studied products. Theoretical models in the literature, however, suggest that the value of information sharing should be zero for over half of our studied products. To reconcile the gap between the literature and the empirical observations, we develop a new theoretical model. Whereas the literature assumes that the decision maker strictly adheres to a given inventory policy, our model allows him to deviate, accounting for private information held by the decision maker, yet unobservable to the econometrician. This turns out to reconcile our empirical findings with the literature. These “decision deviations” lead to information losses in the order process, resulting in a strictly positive value of downstream information sharing. Furthermore, we empirically quantify and show the significance of the value of operations knowledge—the value of knowing the downstream replenishment policy. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Adaptive dynamics on a lattice: role of spatiality in competition, co-existence and evolutionary branching

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the effect of limited dispersal on co-existence and evolutionary branching on a lattice. The ‘contact process’, which is the minimal model of population growth on a lattice, is modified by introducing local resource competition in addition to site competition. We study phenotypic evolution in the framework of the theory of adaptive dynamics. We show that a higher birth rate cannot compensate for a lower intrinsic lifetime reproduction ratio. Speed difference alone, without resource competition or different dispersal scale, does not lead to co-existence via a competition–colonization trade-off. Co-existence and evolutionary branching become possible only when resource competition, with reduced competition between the populations, is introduced. There is a convergent stable singular point in the strategy space. The singular strategy is an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) below a critical strength of resource competition. Above this threshold, the singular strategy is no longer an ESS and evolutionary branching occurs. This is the first demonstration of evolutionary branching on a lattice. We compare the behaviour of the spatial simulation to its mean-field and pair approximation counterparts. This comparison demonstrates that spatiality and limited dispersal reduce the possibility of evolutionary branching, in addition to that of co-existence. We interpret this phenomenon based on the partial spatial segregation between the competing strategies.
Bayesian modeling speed-accuracy trade-off data: Examples from probability matching and memory tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT), defined as a tendency to trade response time for accuracy and vice versa, is a common problem in two-choice decision tasks. Employing a response deadline procedure provides a full time-course function which describes how cognitive processing unfolds over time. The response deadline procedure allows unbiased estimates of accuracy and speed independent from each other by signalling participants to respond in a controlled condition. In this investigation, a Bayesian model is proposed to estimate the accuracy and speed parameters of SAT functions obtained from the response deadline procedure. The proposed model is derived from a Bayesian signal detection framework and defines accuracy as an exponential growth function of total processing time. The proposed model was applied to both probability matching and item-recognition data sets, and the obtained parameter estimates were evaluated for validity. The findings suggest that the proposed Bayesian framework can provide an effective approach to model SAT curves.
Trichodermafor Biocontrol and Biostimulation – A Green Fungus Revolution in Agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The challenges to modern agriculture have not changed over time. Trichoderma are filamentous fungi belonging to the division Ascomycota, Order Hypocreales and Family Hypocreaceae. The selection of potential Trichoderma biocontrol agents can be based on observations of parasitized phytopathogens or in vitro experiments that demonstrate growth inhibition of the targeted microorganisms in plate confrontation cultures. Over time it became apparent that there were additional beneficial processes attributable to Trichoderma in the interactions with the plant that positively influenced crop protection to pathogens and pests. The crop protection properties of Trichoderma to confer resistance of the plant to biotic stress was also noted when the plants were subjected to abiotic stress. Other benefits to the plant by Trichoderma depend upon the fungal species/strains, the different compounds produced and their varying bioactive properties.
The electronic effect of substituted methyl groups. A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe electronic effect of substituted methyl groups. A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studyWilliam Adcock, B. D. Gupta, and William KitchingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 9, 1498–1504Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00871a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1006 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Apical, Coronal and Occlusal Form Diffrences with Conventional Orthodontic Treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used to accurately identify dental landmarks in order to detect changes in dental arch forms. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine how apical, coronal and occlusal arch forms change following orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and to establish a base for future studies. Material and Methods: Maxillary and mandibular apical, coronal and occlusal landmarks of 27 subjects were selected on their respective CBCT images at two time points: pre-orthodontic treatment (T1) and post-orthodontic treatment (T2). Comparisons were made between the two time points to evaluate how each arch form changed following routine orthodontic treatment. Statistical Analysis: Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) with bootstrap analysis was used to assess changes in geometric form from T1 to T2 at each of the three levels. Landmark selection was repeated on 10 subjects and an intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to assess reproducibility. Results: The mandibular apical arch showed statistically significant change in geometric form from T1 to T2. No statistically significant change was observed in the mandibular coronal and occlusal, as well as maxillary apical, coronal and occlusal arches. Conclusion: During conventional orthodontic treatment of Class I, minimally crowded cases, selecting orthodontic arch wires according to the clinical coronal or occlusal arch form is viable.
Thiol-Cyclodextrin: A New Agent For Controlling The Catalytic Activity Of Polyphenol Oxidase From Red Delicious Apple

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) is the main enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning, a natural process which produces deterioration of fruits and vegetables.One alternative to prevent this undesirable process is to inhibit the catalytic activity of PPO by encapsulating enzyme's substrates in cyclodextrins (CD).In this article the effect of a Thiol-CD on PPO from Red Delicious apple was studied, demonstrating that this compound is a powerful tool for controlling oxidative processes in food.Thiol-CD could encapsulate the polyphenols, natural substrates of the enzyme, by means of the cyclodextrin hydrophobic internal cavity.Simultaneously, through the thiol group, it could inactivate the PPO by reducing the copper ions from the active site of the enzyme.Moreover, thiol moieties could decrease the browning by reducing the quinones generated by oxidative processes.The isolation and purification of PPO from apple was per-formed in order to study those effects, different polyphenols, chlorogenic acid (CA) and 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), were assayed as enzymatic substrates.Both β -CD and Thiol-CD exhibited better enzyme inhibition value for CA than for 4-MC.Moreover, Thiol-CD showed an extraordinary performance compared with β-CD.When CA 10 mM was used, 5 mM β-CD gave 11 % PPO inhibition, meanwhile nearly 100 times less concentration of Thiol-CD (45 μM) gave 100 % of enzyme inhibition.
Lipid rafts in Schizophyllum commune: insights in localization and composition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The study investigates the growth polarization observed in Schizophyllum commune, a filamentous basidiomycete known for its distinctive growth characteristics. The coordination of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane raft domains is pivotal in establishing and maintaining cellular polarity. Additionally, the role of a less explored membrane microdomain is examined for its potential significance in polarized growth and involvement in cellular signaling pathways. Lipid rafts in fungal membranes are characterized by sphingolipid aggregation and high sterol content, resulting in dynamic and heterogeneous sterol-rich domains. Specific membrane proteins, such as GPI-anchored proteins, are attracted to these domains. While the role of stomatin in sterol-rich domain (SRD) formation has been established in Aspergillus nidulans, the functions and mechanisms in basidiomycetes like S. commune remain largely undefined. This study also highlights striatin, which contains a caveolin-binding sequence, noting that caveolin, a crucial lipid raft protein in mammals, is absent in basidiomycetes. The investigation focuses on three key questions: the composition of raft domains, their localization within filamentous fungal hyphae, and their roles in polarized growth and cytoskeletal signaling in S. commune. Lipid raft-specific protein isolation revealed insights into raft domain composition, targeting stomatin and striatin for localization studies. A stomatin knockout assessed its impact on S. commune, while co-immunoprecipitation of a striatin complex aimed to identify potential caveolin replacement proteins. This study seeks a comprehensive understanding of lipid rafts in basidiomycetes, emphasizing their role in polarized growth and other fungus-specific processes.
The big ditch: the Manchester Ship Canal seen through the camera of John Darwell

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The most complete study of the Manchester Ship Canal. Originally built in the late 1800s to connect Manchester and Liverpool, the canal was one of the marvels of the Victorian age. By the late sixties the canal was in severe decline and later became essentially unused for the transport of cargo. My intention was to capture every aspect of the canal at a time when its future lay in the balance, from the boat crews and swing bridge keepers to the industry on its banks to the landscape through which it passes, and in many cases formed, this work stands as a testament to a bygone age.
Subalgebra Independence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Subobject independence as morphism co-possibility has recently been defined in [2] and studied in the context of algebraic quantum field theory. This notion of independence is handy when it comes to systems coming from physics, but when directly applied to classical algebras, subobject independence is not entirely satisfactory. The sole purpose of this note is to introduce the notion of subalgebra independence, which is a slight variation of subobject independence, yet this modification enables us to connect subalgebra independence to more traditional notions of independence. Apart from drawing connections between subalgebra independence and coproducts and congruences, we mainly illustrate the notion by discussing examples.
Sedimentary Structures in Resedimented Conglomerate of the Cambrian Flysch, L'Islet, Quebec Appalachians

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Lower Cambrian sandstone interbedded with pebble and cobble conglomerates exposed at L'Islet make up the fill of a submarine channel, 750 m in width. The channel cuts into a minimum of 88 m of thin limestone turbidite and claystone beds. Beds of the fill are lenticular, with thicknesses ranging from a few mm up to 3 m. Four structures commonly present in the beds of the fill are graded bedding, parallel and oblique stratifications, and imbrication. Most of the beds show grading of both the maximum and mean diameters. Three sequences of structures are present in these beds; the first two occur in conglomerate, and the third in sandstone. In the conglomerate, grading may either be overlain by a division of crude parallel stratification, or by a division of cross stratification which is in turn overlain by parallel stratification. The former sequence is observed only in beds which have maximum grain diameters smaller than 20 mm, and the latter is seen only in beds with maximum grain diameter ranging from 20 to 100 mm. A third sequence, found in the sandstone beds, is a normal coarse-grained turbidite sequence with a graded division at the base, overlain by parallel laminations, and ending with dunes at the top. Both conglomerate and sandstone of the fill have characteristics of sediments transported in suspension and by traction. Relatively high density (1.18 gm/cm3) turbidity currents with flow velocities of about 800 cm/sec could have transported the coarsest clasts found in the channel.
NDVI as a Proxy for Estimating Sedimentation and Vegetation Spread in Artificial Lakes—Monitoring of Spatial and Temporal Changes by Using Satellite Images Overarching Three Decades

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Observing wetland areas and monitoring changes are crucial to understand hydrological and ecological processes. Sedimentation-induced vegetation spread is a typical process in the succession of lakes endangering these habitats. We aimed to survey the tendencies of vegetation spread of a Hungarian lake using satellite images, and to develop a method to identify the areas of risk. Accordingly, we performed a 33-year long vegetation spread monitoring survey. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to assess vegetation and open water characteristics of the basins. We used these spectral indices to evaluate sedimentation risk of water basins combined with the fact that the most abundant plant species of the basins was the water caltrop (Trapa natans) indicating shallow water. We proposed a 12-scale Level of Sedimentation Risk Index (LoSRI) composed from vegetation cover data derived from satellite images to determine sedimentation risk within any given water basin. We validated our results with average water basin water depth values, which showed an r = 0.6 (p < 0.05) correlation. We also pointed on the most endangered locations of these sedimentation-threatened areas, which can provide crucial information for management planning of water directorates and management organizations.
Amazonia and North-East Brazil in the Atlantic slave trade: an assessment of the Brazilian slave trade North of Rio de Janeiro

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Brazil was the most important destination for enslaved Africans forced into the Atlantic between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Rio de Janeiro became the country's leading slave port, the regions north of Rio were no small players in the business. This article uses the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database to analyze the evolution of the traffic to Amazonia and Northeast Brazil. It provides an assessment of its volume, orientation, and organization. Rio may have eventually dominated the traffic, but the participation of its northern neighbors laid down the foundations for this most notorious trade.
SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHITE OXIDE: CHARACTERIZATION, MECHANISMS AND PROPERTIES.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, research on graphene-based materials is one of the fastest growing fields in the world. Since its discovery in 2004, the attention of the scientific and industrial communities has focused on its possible applications. Because of these multiple useful properties, scientists envision multiple applications in various sectors such as touch screens, high-speed chips, electronic components, sensors and biosensors useful for clean and biological technology, hydrogen storage, photovoltaics, batteries, cathodes, nanocomposites, … etc. Difficulties in obtaining monolayer sheets of graphene due to technological limitations have made all manipulations of materials at the atomic scale inaccessible. Nevertheless, many technologies have been developed to synthesize this material such as mechanical exfoliation and cleavage, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and thermal graphitization of silicon carbide crystals (SiC). Currently, the most promising methods for the production of graphene nanosheets are based on exfoliation of graphite via chemical oxidation. The aim of this work is the synthesis of graphene oxides (GOs) by liquid phase oxidation using strong concentrated acids such as H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 .The oxidation rates and the nature of the surface functional groups were determined according to Boehm’s method, FTIR, XPS and XRD techniques. The Boehm’s and FTIR techniques revealed that the oxidation treatments introduced a variety of oxygenated functional groups at the surface of graphite. The chemical composition was confirmed with XPS. XRD structural study showed an increase in the interplanar distance due to the intercalation of oxygenated groups within the layered structure.
[Diabetes and travel].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the continuing expansion in international air travel, increasing numbers of diabetic patients consult physicians for advice before going abroad. Careful planning is required taking into account climatic and medical conditions at the destination. Diabetic travelers should pack an appropriate treatment kit and contract special insurance coverage for medical evacuation. Precautions are necessary to limit the effects of motion sickness and time differences on diabetes control and especially the risk of hypoglycemia. Special attention is needed to avoid digestive problems and prevent foot injuries which can lead to serious complications in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients cannot forget their health problem during vacation and must be especially cautious when traveling. However with proper training, the risks of foreign travel can be reduced to acceptable levels.