jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of Shanzhiside Methyl Ester and 8-O-acetylshanzhiside Methyl Ester in Lamiophlomis rotate(Benth.) Kudo by HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective To establish a method to determine Shanzhiside methyl ester and 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester in Lamiophlomis rotate(Benth.) Kudo by HPLC.Methods HPLC analysis was performed on Dikma platisil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column with gradient elution of acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min.The column temperature was 30 ℃and the detection wavelength was 235nm.Results The linear range of Shanzhiside methyl ester was 0.023 0～3.450 0 μg,r=0.999 3.The linear range of 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester was 0.041 82～6.273 μg,r=0.999 6.The average recovery of Shanzhiside methyl ester was 99.79% with RSD 1.63%,the average recovery of 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester was 99.62% with RSD 1.79%.Conclusion The method is sentitive,rapid and reproducible.
Zea mays L. subsp. mays L. CIMMYTMA 21026

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Zea mays L. subsp. mays L.
Common name(s): Maize
Other names: CHIH 387
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: CIMMYTMA 21026
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1999-05-20
Other identifiers: n/a,CHIH,387, n/a,CHIHUA 39, n/a,CIMMYTMA-BANK-017713, n/a,GID 258625, n/a,PERLILLA (MEZ. CON HEMBRA
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis and postnatal lung injury: The beneficial effects of L-citrulline in newborn rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

L-Cit improved alveolar and vascular growth diminishing the lung inflammatory response in the newborn rats exposed to intra-amniotic LPS. The ADMA/DDAH/NO pathway appeared to counteract proinflammatory cytokine production and to sustain macrophage migration.
Clinical Relevance of Medicinal Plants and Foods of Vegetal Origin on the Activity of Cytochrome P450

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Drug metabolism is a pharmacokinetic process whose main objective is to modify the chemical structure of drugs to easily excretable compounds. This process is carried out through phase I and phase II reactions. The enzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) participate in phase I reactions, and their activity can be inhibited or induced by xenobiotics. The aim of this chapter is to study the clinical relevance of the induction and inhibition of CYP450, by describing the effect that some bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants or foods can modify, either increasing or decreasing the activity of CYP450 enzymes and with it modify the bioavailability and depuration of drugs. Examples will be described on the interaction of medicinal plants and foods of vegetal origin that when combined with some drugs can generate toxicity or therapeutic failure; this will allow gathering relevant information on the adequate pharmacological management in different clinical situations.
The Eisenlohr-Farris Algorithm for fully transitive polyhedra

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this note is to present a method for classifying three-dimensional polyhedra in terms of their symmetry groups. This method is constructive and it is described in terms of the conjugation classes of crystallographic groups in $\mathbb{E}^3$. For each class of groups $Γ$ the method can generate without duplication all polyhedra in three-dimensional space on which $Γ$ acts fully-transitively. It was proposed by J. M. Eisenlohr and S. L. Farris for generating every fully transitive polyhedra in $\mathbb{E}^d$. We also illustrate how the method can be applied in the euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^3$ by generating a new fully transitive polyhedron.
Meta-analysis in the Selection of Groups in Varieties of Citrus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brazil is the largest producer of oranges (Citrus sinensis) in the world. The nutrient management of tree orchards is designed from experiments with a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition and tree demand. Compositional data analysis has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios with compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). We analyzed eleven nutrients: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in leaf tissue samples across 108 commercial plots (thirty-one grow Valencia, twenty-two Hamlim, twenty Pera, and thirty-five Natal). Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micronutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over Valencia was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. The nutrient profile of orange varieties could be classified into homogeneous groups to take advantage of fertilizer trials conducted on varieties of the same group. The Aitchison distance and a perturbation vector could be instrumental for diagnostic purposes and nutrient management.
Factors Affecting Mycorrhizal Activity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mycorrhizal activity is affected by many factors, including biotic and abiotic factors, and these factors can affect the interaction between the plant and mycorrhizal. In short, these factors are as follows: First—abiotic factors include: 1. Soil fertility, 2. Heat, 3. The light, 4. pH, 5. Salinity. Secondly—biological factors. These factors may include some mycorrhizal effects on plant growth, as well as their effect on encouraging the absorption of nutrients, especially phosphorous and other nutrients, in addition to nonnutritive effects such as growth-stimulating effects, improving the water relationship and plant resistance to drought and plant resistance to salinity, and improving soil structure and biological control.
Deep Generative Models for Detector Signature Simulation: A Taxonomic Review

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In modern collider experiments, the quest to explore fundamental interactions between elementary particles has reached unparalleled levels of precision. Signatures from particle physics detectors are low-level objects (such as energy depositions or tracks) encoding the physics of collisions (the final state particles of hard scattering interactions). The complete simulation of them in a detector is a computational and storage-intensive task. To address this computational bottleneck in particle physics, alternative approaches have been developed, introducing additional assumptions and trade off accuracy for speed.The field has seen a surge in interest in surrogate modeling the detector simulation, fueled by the advancements in deep generative models. These models aim to generate responses that are statistically identical to the observed data. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive and exhaustive taxonomic review of the existing literature on the simulation of detector signatures from both methodological and application-wise perspectives. Initially, we formulate the problem of detector signature simulation and discuss its different variations that can be unified. Next, we classify the state-of-the-art methods into five distinct categories based on their underlying model architectures, summarizing their respective generation strategies. Finally, we shed light on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in detector signature simulation, setting the stage for future research and development.
Morality and Immorality in Politics in Aceh Post 2005 MoU Helsinki (A Case Study on the Relevance of Actions Compared with Peace Promises)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research analysed the morality of actions taken to implement promises made in Aceh post-2005 MoU Helsinki Peace Agreement. Consideration has been given to the current political conditions in Aceh. Morality is a product of a culture and differs between cultures: Differences between the morality of the Acehnese and that of the Javanese were a major cause of conflict between the Acehnese and the Government of Indonesia. The immorality of the Indonesian Government's actions has been a major cause of rebellion in Aceh in the past. Field research was done by recording participant observations, after which data analysis used the Miles et al. methods. Results showed that after nearly 2 decades of peace, not all the goals in the MoU have been realized. Yes, there were major improvements—there were no more security operations, and some special institutions have been set up: However, many Acehnese haven't felt the full morality of all the peace promises, and morality could be better amongst the elite in both Aceh and Jakarta.
Role of interfacial amino acid residues in assembly, stability, and conformation of a spherical virus capsid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Twenty-eight amino acid residues involved in most noncovalent interactions between trimeric protein subunits in the capsid of the parvovirus minute virus of mice were truncated individually to alanine, and the effects on capsid assembly, thermostability, and conformation were analyzed. Only seven side chains were essential for protein subunit recognition. These side chains virtually corresponded with those that either buried a large hydrophobic surface on trimer association or formed buried intertrimer hydrogen bonds or salt bridges. The seven residues are evolutionarily conserved, and they define regularly spaced spots on a thin equatorial belt surrounding each trimer. Truncation of the many side chains that were dispensable for assembly, including those participating in solvent-accessible polar interactions, did not substantially affect capsid thermostability either. However, the interfacial residues located at the base of the pores delineating the capsid five-fold axes participated in a heat-induced conformational rearrangement associated with externalization of the capsid protein N terminus, and they were needed for infectivity. Thus, at the subunit interfaces of this model virus capsid, only key residues involved in the strongest interactions are critical for assembly and stability, but additional residues fulfill other important biological roles.
Fairness in Women’s Sports? Explaining State Legislator Support for Transgender Athlete Bans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract States began passing legislation that bans transgender athletes from competing on teams that match their gender identity in 2020. Republican lawmakers largely introduced and supported athlete bans, but were party preferences the only predictor of support for these bills? What effect did legislator demographics or district-level attributes have on the likelihood that a state legislator would support or oppose an athlete ban? This study explores the voting preferences of individual state legislators in states that passed athlete bans from 2020 to 2023. Using an original dataset and multilevel modeling, this analysis looks beyond party affiliation to determine whether a relationship exists between support and less apparent indicators such as district ideology and composition, gender, race, and electoral success. While party identification is a significant predictor of support, legislators representing districts characterized by lower educational attainment and a high proportion of evangelical Protestants are more likely to support transgender athlete bans.
Choice and Luck in Recent Egalitarian Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Contemporary egalitarians often appeal to a distinction between inequalities issuing from choice as opposed to those stemming from brute luck. Inequalities of the second kind, they say, ought to be redressed, while those of the former may be allowed to stand. In this paper, I scrutinize the role played by the notion of brute luck in Ronald Dworkin's theory of equality. My intention is to show that Dworkin seeks to occupy what turns out to be an untenable middle position. He is sandwiched unhappily between G. A. Cohen's radical brute luck egalitarianism, on the one side, and a non-egalitarian conception of justice that rejects entirely the appeal to brute luck, on the other. It follows from the untenable nature of Dworkin's position that egalitarians face a much starker choice than he realizes. They should either wholeheartedly embrace the brute luck story or else find another way of grounding their position.
FLORISITIC ANALYSIS OF PLANTAE VASCULARES IN HUNSHANDAKE SAND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The composition and geography element of plantae vasculares Families in Hunshandake sand were analyzed and compared with the plant flora in Inner Mongolia. The results were as followings: The varieties of plant are plenty in Hunshandake sand. The geography element of plant flora is varied and the main is the element of the Temperate Zone. There are 93 families of wild planate vascular and 84 families of seed plants, which are 90.3 per cent of all families. This indicated that the plant distribution of Hunshandake sand adapts to the climate zone; the dominant families of plantae vasculares belongs to the different element respectively, but most of dominant families are the worldwide element;and the original of the element of plant flora is very ancient. The geography element is complex and transitive; in addition, the plant flora is significantly vulnerable.
Durability Testing of Low-Iridium PEM Water Electrolysis Membrane Electrode Assemblies

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Lowering the iridium loading at the anode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers is crucial for the envisaged GW-scale deployment of PEM water electrolysis. Here, the durability of a novel iridium catalyst with a low iridium packing density, allowing for low iridium loadings without decreasing the electrode thickness, is being investigated in a 10-cell PEM water electrolyzer short stack. The anodes of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) of the first five cells utilize a conventional iridium catalyst, at loadings that serve as benchmark for today's industry standard (2 mg Ir cm −2 ). The last five cells utilize the novel catalyst at 8-fold lower loadings (0.25 mg Ir cm −2 ). The MEAs are based on Nafion ® 117 and are tested for 3700 h by load cycling between 0.2 and 2.0 A cm −2 , with weekly polarization curves and impedance diagnostics. For both catalysts, the performance degradation at low current densities is dominated by an increase of the overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereby the OER mass activity of the novel catalyst remains ≈4-fold higher after 3700 h. The temporal evolution of the OER mass activities of the two catalysts will be analyzed in order to assess the suitability of the novel catalyst for industrial application.
Calibration of interest rate term structure and derivative pricing models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We argue interest rate derivative pricing models are misspecified so \nthat when they are fitted to historical data they do not produce prices \nconsistently with the market. Interest rate models have to be calibrated to \nprices to ensure consistency. There are few published works on calibration \nto derivatives prices and we make this the focus of our thesis. \nWe show how short rate models can be calibrated to derivatives \nprices accurately with a second time dependent parameter. We analyse the \nmisspecification of the fitted models and their implications for other models. \nWe examine the Duffle and Kan Affine Yield Model, a class of short \nrate models, that appears to allow easier calibration. We show that, in fact, \na direct calibration of Duffle and Kan Affine Yield Models is exceedingly \ndifficult. We show the non-negative subclass is equivalent to generalised \nCox, Ingersoll and Ross models that facilitate an indirect calibration of nonnegative \nDuffle and Kan Affine Yield Models. \nWe examine calibration of Heath, Jarrow and Morton models. We \nshow, using some experiments, Heath, Jarrow and Morton models cannot \nbe calibrated quickly to be of practical use unless we restrict to special \nsubclasses. We introduce the Martingale Variance Technique for \nimproving the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations. \nWe examine calibration of Gaussian Heath Jarrow and Morton \nmodels. We provide a new non-parametric calibration using the Gaussian \nRandom Field Model of Kennedy as an intermediate step. We derive new \napproximate swaption pricing formulae for the calibration. \nWe examine how to price resettable caps and floors with the market- \nLibor model. We derive a new relationship between resettable caplets and \nfloorlets prices. We provide accurate approximations for the prices. We \nprovide practical approximations to price resettable caplets and floorlets \ndirectly from quotes on standard caps and floors. We examine how to \ncalibrate the market-Libor model.
A foraging advantage for dichromatic marmosets ( Callithrix geoffroyi ) at low light intensity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Most New World monkey species have both dichromatic and trichromatic individuals present in the same population. The selective forces acting to maintain the variation are hotly debated and are relevant to the evolution of the ‘routine’ trichromatic colour vision found in catarrhine primates. While trichromats have a foraging advantage for red food compared with dichromats, visual tasks which dichromats perform better have received less attention. Here we examine the effects of light intensity on foraging success among marmosets. We find that dichromats outperform trichomats when foraging in shade, but not in sun. The simplest explanation is that dichromats pay more attention to achromatic cues than trichromats. However, dichromats did not show a preference for foraging in shade compared with trichromats. Our results reveal several interesting parallels with a recent study in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus capucinus ), and suggest that dichromat advantage for certain tasks contributes to maintenance of the colour vision polymorphism.
Evaluating Drug Interaction Risks: Nirmatrelvir & Ritonavir Combination (PAXLOVID®) with Concomitant Medications in Real-World Clinical Settings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This research article delves into the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the efficacy and, particularly, the safety of the combination of nirmatrelvir with ritonavir, which is found in the pharmaceutical product Paxlovid®. This study aims to analyze the potential interactions of commonly prescribed medicinal products with Paxlovid®, shedding light on its utilization in specific medical fields. Methods: Prescription data from the Czech Republic’s Institute of Health Information and Statistics (IHIS CR) was analyzed, covering 4 million COVID-19 patients and 87.5 million medication records from September 2019 to February 2022. This study focused on potential drug interactions with Paxlovid among the 50 most frequently prescribed medications, with particular attention to four specialties: general medicine, internal medicine, infectious diseases, and diabetology. Results: In this study of the 50 most commonly prescribed drugs, 56% showed no interaction with Paxlovid, 30% had a potential for interaction, and 14% were not specifically mentioned in relation to Paxlovid, with no drugs found to be contraindicated overall. However, in specific medical fields, including diabetology, infectious diseases, internal medicine, and general medicine, certain drugs had potential interactions when co-administered with Paxlovid. Conclusions: Paxlovid remains a valuable option for early COVID-19 treatment but requires a careful consideration of potential drug interactions, especially in high-risk specialties. A thorough assessment of concurrent medications is essential to optimize safety and efficacy in patients receiving Paxlovid.
954 Animal injury mortalities and morbidities: evidence from a community survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Animal injuries are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide including developing countries. Worldwide, up to five million people are bitten by snakes every year; the majority in Africa and South-East Asia. Dog bites account for tens of millions of injuries annually; the highest risk is among children. In Bangladesh, the most of the animal injuries including snake and dog bites are common. This study determined the magnitude and pattern of animal injury mortalities and morbidities in rural Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross sectional survey was conducted in 19 Unions of 3 sub-districts of Bangladesh from June to September 2013. Socio-economic, demographic, environmental and injury related data were collected from adult respondents by face-to-face interview with the help of structured questionnaires at a household level. A total of 534,221 population of all ages were studied from 128,820 households.

Results

The incidence of fatal and non-fatal animal injury in all ages were 1.2 (95% CI: 0.4–3.4) and 1,165.4 (95% CI: 1128.8–1203.1) per 100,000 population respectively. The highest non-fatal animal injury rate 1,367.0 (95% CI: 1310.7–1425.7) per 100,000 population was observed in the age group 25–64 years. The morbidity was found higher among males across all ages. 65.0% of the animal injuries occurred without any provocation. The highest proportion (28.2%) of animal injuries was caused by the cattle, which was followed by wasp 24.4%, dog 11.3%, hornet 9.6%, and snake 6.4% bites.

Conclusions

Above data support that animal injury is an important public health issue in Bangladesh. Immediate attention should be made to strengthen the intervention measures to prevent these unexpected events.
Nasal reconstruction: our experience.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

From the beginning, artificial hair implantation has aroused a lot of interest, sometimes controversial, in the field of hair restoration. The artificial fiber must be of high quality and biocompatible. Biofibre® is a very fine fiber having diameter of 80 m. The standard length of this fiber is 15 or 30 cm, to satisfy multiple patient requests. They are available in 13 colors and 3 different shapes (straight, wavy and curly). Artificial hair implant is indicated in all (male and female) cases of androgenetic alopecia, especially for those who show dismal response to medical therapies and have poor donor area supply for hair transplantation. It has also shown good results to treat scars. One hundred thirty-three cases of androgenetic alopecia were treated with Biofibre® and followed-up for 3 years. A clinical evaluation was carried out after 1 month, 4 months and every other 4 months after the implant. The fiber loss was no more than 10% per year in 91.4% of the cases, 15% in 7.8% of the cases and 20% in 0.8% of the cases. 96.2% of patients declared themselves to be satisfied with the result of the implant while 3.8% declared to be not satisfied. To conclude, modern artificial hair implantation can be considered a safe and easy mode of hair restoration, for male and female patients, especially in donor depleted cases or when an immediate aesthetic result is required.