jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Secondary Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Patient with Methicillinsensitive <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Bacteremia due to Severe Decubitus Ulcer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 51-year-old man with poliomyelitis was admitted to emergency because of a severe decubitus ulcer on his right hip that was associated with infection. His general condition deteriorated and he was malnourished and dehydrated. Despite adequate hyperalimentation and antibiotic administration, laboratory data indicated pancytopenia 4 days later. He was diagnosed as having secondary hemophagocytosis (HPS) associated with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus sepsis due to decubitus inflammation based on bone marrow aspiration and a blood culture. Although granulocyte colony stimulating factor, packed red blood cell transfusions, platelet transfusions, and antibiotics gradually improved the pancytopenia, the patient died of massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Environmental Sanitation in Heredia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Costa Rica is recognized for its efforts in sustainable development. This study analyzes the challenges of environmental sanitation to articulate environmental management in the Canton of Heredia. Currently, the country faces significant challenges regarding access to water and environmental sanitation. This research contributes to the analysis of the challenges of the environmental sanitation system in this territory. The testing techniques and photographic registration in the impact area, along with the interviews with employees and professionals on the subject, and extensive bibliographic consultation support this methodology. The study's conclusions regarding the challenges of environmental sanitation are 1) legal and institutional framework faced by the environmental sanitation project of the Publics Services Company of Heredia (ESPH for its initials in Spanish), 2) strategy for the treatment of sanitary waters in the canton, and 3) improvement in the quality of life of the Heredia's citizens.
Blood-pool contrast agent for pre-clinical computed tomography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of blood-pool contrast agents for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Although long-circulating nanoparticle-based agents exist for micro-CT, they are predominantly based on iodine, which has a low atomic number. Micro-CT contrast increases when using elements with higher atomic numbers (i.e. lanthanides), particularly at higher energies. The purpose of our work was to develop and evaluate a lanthanide-based blood-pool contrast agent that is suitable for in vivo micro-CT. We synthesized a contrast agent in the form of polymer-encapsulated Gd nanoparticles and evaluated its stability in vitro. The synthesized nanoparticles were shown to have an average diameter of 127 ± 6 nm, with good size dispersity. Particle size distribution -- evaluated by dynamic light scattering over the period of two days -- demonstrated no change in size of the contrast agent in water and saline. Additionally, our contrast agent was stable in a mouse serum mimic for up to 30 minutes. CT images of the synthesized contrast agent (containing 27 mg/mL of Gd) demonstrated an attenuation of over 1000 Hounsfield Units. This approach to synthesizing a Gd-based blood-pool contrast agent promises to enhance the capabilities of micro-CT imaging.
Comparison of Axial Length Measurements with the Use of Optical Biometry (IOL Master 700) and Ultrasound Biometry (A‐scan 550 Sonomed)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To compare measurements of axial length obtained with A-scan and IOL Master. The study was design to collect the axial length values resulting from the application of both methods on the same eye (R.E.) and then to compare them. Methodology Place and Duration of Study: 50 healthy patients selected randomly after visiting the clinic for daily routine examination. at the general hospital of Athens “Korgialenio – Benakio” were invited to participate in the study. The study took place in collaboration of University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Science Course Optics & Optometry with the general hospital of Athens “Korgialenio – Benakio”. Axial length measurements were obtained both by contact ultrasound (A‐scan 550 Sonomed, Lake Success, NY, USA) and by non‐contact laser interferometry (IOL Master 700 SWEPT Source Biometry). Two sets of measurements were repeated by a single examiner for each method. Results: A total of 50 eyes in 50 patients were evaluated. All participants volunteer to participate in this study. Estimates of axial length obtained with the two techniques were highly correlated. Axial lengths obtained with the contact method (mean 24.23mm, SD 1.64mm) were lower than those obtained with the non‐contact method (mean 23.29mm, SD 1.59mm) and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.150). The coefficient of variation was lower with non‐contact laser interferometry (6.58%) than with the ultrasound technique (6.76%). Conclusion: Similar estimates of axial length are obtained using contact and non‐contact techniques, with the latter producing higher measurements results than the former. The A-scan and the non‐contact laser interferometry device (IOL Master 700) provide both reproducible results with similar the accuracy of measurements of axial length in the clinical setting.
The topical efficacy and safety of Citrullus lanatus seed oil: A short-term clinical assessment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The oil obtained from the seeds of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (Kalahari melon) is highly sought after in the cosmetic industry as a prized ingredient to maintain healthy skin. Seed oils contain a range of fatty acids that may be beneficial upon topical application to the skin. The quantification of the fatty acids was done using two dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC × GC–MS). The safety (irritancy potential test) and efficacy (transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration and occlusivity tests) of topically applied Kalahari melon seed oil on healthy Caucasian adult female volunteers (n = 20) was determined. Skin irritation and dryness were determined by visual scoring using a 2 × magnifying lamp while Chromameter®, Aquaflux® and Corneometer® instruments were used to quantify the irritancy level, TEWL and hydrating properties of Kalahari melon oil, respectively. The occlusive effect of the oil was assessed using Aquaflux® and Corneometer® instruments. Four major fatty acids, linoleic acid (51.4%), oleic acid (36.7%), stearic acid (6.3%) and palmitic acid (5.6%), were quantified using comprehensive GC × GC–MS analysis. Kalahari melon seed oil was non-irritant to the skin when topically applied (observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Aquaflux® and Corneometer® results showed that the application of Kalahari melon seed oil resulted in reduced TEWL and increased moisture retention. The non-irritant, hydrating and moisturising effects of Kalahari melon seed oil observed in this study justifies its incorporation into cosmetic products.
Study on the relation between microRNA-146a and PASI index of psoriasis vulgaris(blood heat syndrome) and the effect of clinical intervention by Zhuhuang Particle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To research relation between micro RNA-146 a and PASI index of psoriasis vulgaris(blood heat syndrome) as well as the clinical effect of the Zhuhuang Particles. Methods: Sixty-four cases of patients with psoriasis vulgaris(blood heat syndrome) in this study were randomly divided into two groups, 32 cases in the treatment group, 32 cases in the control group. Zhuhuang Particle and Fufang Qingdai Pill were received respectively for 2 courses, four weeks as a course. Pre-treatment levels of mi RNA-146 a expression of their lesion area and severity(PASI) index were observed for linear correlation analysis, and the extent of decrease in PASI index was observed after treatment, in order to reflect the clinical efficacy Zhuhuang Particles. Result: Linear correlation analysis results showed that there was a positive correlation between micro RNA-146 a expression in peripheral blood and PASI index through(r=0.92, P0.05). PASI index decreased in Zhuhuang Particle therapy group compared with in the control group. Conclusion: micro RNA-146 a was positively correlated with PASI index, which suggested that the serum expression level of Mi RNA-146 a could indicated severity of the disease. Zhuhuang Particles had a significant effect for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris(blood heat syndrome).
HIV and HIV/TB coinfection: cluster distribution of regions in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. One of the main factors affecting TB burden is HIV progression and, in turn, PLWH predominantly die of TB. The study purpose was to identify high risk regions of HIV, HIV/TB coinfection in NWFD of Russia between years of 2007 to 2018. Materials and methods. K-means method was applied to identify HIV, HIV/TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as share of heterosexual HIV transmission route clusters in 10 regions of NWFD. The need data were extracted from relevant forms of federal statistical observation between 2007 to 2018. NAO was excluded from cluster analysis due to absence of HIV/TB coinfection cases in study period. For holistic understanding of HIV/TB coinfection trends, TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates were estimated too without including them in cluster analysis. Results. Along with significant reduce in TB cases there was increase in HIV case data in most regions, especially in Arkhangelsk oblast where HIV incidence raised by 617.8% in period analyzed. Meanwhile Kaliningrad oblast became the only region where HIV incidence (–21.5%) and mortality (–65.6%), also HIV/TB incidence (–55.0%) is failed in 2007–2018. Heterosexual HIV transmission risk was high in almost all regions, especially in NAO (100.0%), Pskov (89.2%), Novgorod (78.8%) oblasts. K-means method detected the highest HIV spread in Arkhangelsk oblast (first cluster), lowest — in Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk oblasts and St. Petersburg (third cluster). Other regions with intermediate HIV case data formed second cluster. HIV/TB coinfection most rapidly spreads in Arkhangelsk, Pskov and Novgorod oblasts (first cluster), most slowly — in Kaliningrad, Leningrad oblasts and in St. Petersburg (third cluster). In other regions, spread of HIV/TB coinfection has average rate, forming second intermediate cluster. Conclusion. Along with significant improvement in TB epidemic, spread of HIV and HIV/TB coinfection in regions of NWFD considered as uneven. In regions with high concentration of HIV cases, HIV and HIV/TB coinfection rates are slowed down. Conversely, highest rates of HIV cases, as well as of HIV/TB coinfection case data, are observed in regions with low HIV accumulation, indicating the need to strengthen TB measures in PLWH in regions with a low spread of HIV.
Contrastive Prompts Improve Disentanglement in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved remarkable performance in image synthesis, while the text interface does not always provide fine-grained control over certain image factors. For instance, changing a single token in the text can have unintended effects on the image. This paper shows a simple modification of classifier-free guidance can help disentangle image factors in text-to-image models. The key idea of our method, Contrastive Guidance, is to characterize an intended factor with two prompts that differ in minimal tokens: the positive prompt describes the image to be synthesized, and the baseline prompt serves as a "baseline" that disentangles other factors. Contrastive Guidance is a general method we illustrate whose benefits in three scenarios: (1) to guide domain-specific diffusion models trained on an object class, (2) to gain continuous, rig-like controls for text-to-image generation, and (3) to improve the performance of zero-shot image editors.
A RANDOMISED-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF THE USE OF MANUAL AND POWERED TOOTH BRUSHING TECHNIQUES IN HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION RECIPIENTS.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IntroductionBasic oral care is the most common recommendation for managing oral mucositis (OM) in autologous hemaotopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) patients. The MASCC guidelines suggest the use of a soft manual toothbrush. In a healthy population, powered toothbrushes have reported benefits in plaque removal and gingivitis reduction. It is unknown whether the use of an powered toothbrush has similar benefits in patients with OM. ObjectiveTo compare a manual and an powered toothbrush (MT and PT) when used by patients undergoing ASCT, regarding patients compliance, severity of OM and the removal of plaque,.MethodsA RCT with two groups (n=23 MT, n=23 PT) was conducted in ASCT patients. During the hospitalization period, patient compliance plaque and OM were scored daily.Resultsu2022tThere was no difference in patient compliance between both groups. Patients complied to the protocol to brush their teeth, but did not brush 4 times a day as recommended. Figure 1u2022tThe use of a PT resulted in a decrease of the plaque scores by 6.98, as compared to manual brushing. (95% CI for decrease=[2.06, 11.89] p=0.006.)u2022tNo differences were seen in OM scores between both groups OM p=0.968; 95% CI: [-1.19, 1.14]. Figure 3u2022tA significant positive correlation was found between plaque scores and OM severity R2=0.15, p=0.0102; 95%Cl [0.04;0.27](I2= 68% p=<0.001). ConclusionThere was no significant difference in compliance and the incidence of OM and between both toothbrushes , but there was a significant difference in removal of plaque in favor of the powered toothbrush
Calculated long-range coefficients Cn(n=6, 8, 10) for the interactions Na(3s)+K(4s) and Na(3s)+K(4p)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The long-range coefficients Cn (n=6, 8, 10) have been calculated for the molecular states corresponding to the interactions Na(3s)+K(4s) and Na(3s)+K(4p) using a perturbative model the authors recently proposed. For the ground state they obtained the following results (in au) C6=-2803, C8=-201516, C10=-17674349 in good agreement with the values deduced from an accurate RKR potential curve just determined.
Prevalence of periodontal diseases among rural population of Mustabad, Krishna District

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: People in rural areas neglect oral health as they lack awareness on dental diseases and also due to inadequate availability of dental services. The prevalence of illiteracy is also a reason which can be attributed to a poor oral health. This epidemiological study is undertaken to assess the prevalence of periodontal diseases in the rural population of Mustabad – in Krishna, Andhra Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on randomized sampling method was carried out using the WHO assessment form (1997) on a population of 470. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0. RESULTS: The subjects were 220 males and 250 females. Maximum numbers of subjects were in the age group of 35-44 years (21.91%). Prevalence of periodontal disease was found to be 73.62%. The periodontal status deteriorated with aging. Prevalence of periodontitis was higher in females (56.35%) compared to males (43.65%). Males had a higher prevalence of deep pockets (3.18%), whereas females had a higher prevalence of shallow pockets (3.20%). Females had twice the bleeding tendency (18.80%) compared to males (8.64%). CONCLUSION: The increasing prevalence of periodontal diseases is an impending problem which needs immediate intervention, if not it would have a serious negative impact on the future oral health. The need of the hour is more epidemiological studies with a bigger sample are required.
iTRAQ protein profile analysis of leaves and roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) differing in response to salt stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Salinity is one of the most serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Sugar beet is an important sugar-yielding crop and has a certain tolerance to salt. However, the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in beta vulgaris are poorly understood. Proteomics can provide a new perspective and deeper understanding for the research of beet salt-tolerant. Results Here, leaves and roots were used to identify the differentially abundant protein species between salt-stress and control conditions in beta vulgaris. As a result, 70 and 76 DAPs were identified in leaves and roots, respectively. The functions were determined for the classification of the DAPs, mainly involved in cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing and metabolism. These processes can work cooperatively to reconstruct the favorable equilibrium of physiological and cellular homeostasis under salt stress. Some candidate DAPs are closely related to salt resistance such as choline monooxygenase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and F-type H+-transporting ATPase. The expressional pattern of 10 DAPs encoding genes were consistent with the iTRAQ data. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that during adaptation of beet to salt stress, leaves and roots have distinct mechanisms of molecular metabolism regulation. This study provided some significative insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the response of higher plant to salt stress, and identified some candidate proteins against salt stress.
Needle stick injuries among health care workers in tertiary care hospital in tertiary care hospital of rural India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Health-care workers are at increased risk of infection with blood borne pathogens because of occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids. Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are major cause of blood borne infections transmitted among health care personnel. More than 90% of these infections occur in developing countries but most of these NSIs remain unreported. It is also found that 37.6% of Hepatitis B, 39% of Hepatitis C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in Health-Care Workers (HCWs) around the world are due to needle stick injuries.

Aims & Objective: (1) To determine prevalence of needle stick injuries among health care workers. (2) To study circumstances under which they occur among health care workers in tertiary care hospital of Rural India.

Material and Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among HCWs of rural tertiary care medical college and hospital. A total of 220 health care workers were included in the study. A self-designed, semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants.

Results: A total 130 (59.09%) HCWs reported having occupational exposure to blood and body fluid in last one year, out of these 108 (49.09%) had NSIs and 22 (10%) had history of splash of blood and body fluid. Maximum exposure of NSIs was found among nurses (50%), followed by resident doctors (25.93%).

Conclusion: NSIs were common occurrence among health care workers and they are grossly underreported.
Loss of Fragile Histidine Triad Gene Expression in Advanced Lung Cancer Is Consequent to Allelic Loss at 3p14 Locus and Promoter Methylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene located at the 3p14.2 locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze loss of heterozygosity and FHIT gene methylation status and correlate them to fhit expression. Bronchoscopically obtained lung biopsies from 30 cases of histologically proven carcinoma of the lung in stage III were assessed for the alterations in the FHIT gene. Fhit protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and transcript levels were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. Microsattelite alterations and methylation status of the Fhit gene promoter was determined by PCR. Loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus was observed in all the 30 cases at least by one of the three microsatellite polymorphic markers. The FHIT gene promoter showed complete methylation in 37% cases and partial methylation in 47% cases, and 16% cases showed no promoter methylation. FHIT full-length coding region (exons 5-9) transcripts were present in eight cases (26.6%), and aberrant transcripts were additionally seen in four cases. Loss of FHIT mRNA expression correlated to FHIT promoter methylation but not to loss of heterozygosity at the 3p14 locus. There was a strong correlation between the expression of FHIT at the transcript and protein level. The apoptotic index estimated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated nick end labeling assay was significantly correlated to the fhit protein expression. The results of this study indicate that in locally advanced carcinoma of the lung, there is frequent loss of FHIT expression, and methylation of the FHIT gene promoter is an important mechanism of its inactivation. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(2):93–9)
MODELLING AND ASSESSING EXPERIMENTAL COMPETENCE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRESS MODEL FOR HANDS-ON ASSESSMENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On the lower secondary level in Swiss schools, biology, chemistry, and physics usually are taught as one subject. Accordingly, the national education standards do not differentiate between the three sciences. In order to assess standards of experimental competence, we developed a model that spans all three sciences. In this model, experimental competence is structured by sub-dimensions referring to experimental problem types such as «categories conducted observation», «measurement with a given scale», «scientific investigation», «experimental comparison», or «constructive problem solving». The progression of competence is modelled for each problem type separately, differentiating three to five levels in terms of quality standards. In a first attempt to validate the progress model six tasks for «categories conducted observation» and «measurement with a given scale» have been developed. A pilot test was administered to 250 students (grade 7, 8, and 9) of different levels. The results of the pilot test affirm that the progression model can be applied reasonably to all three sciences. The tasks can be standardised well with respect to the test sheet structure, question formats, and textual demands. Both, the structure of our model and the hierarchy of quality standards seem to be applicable.
A Modified Method of QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A traditional method that introduced mutations to DNA was the QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis,calledOne-Step Site-Directed Mutagenesis.However,it had low efficiency.The QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Kit could create mutants about 80% efficiency,but it was too expensive.The protocol in this paper was a modification of the traditional One-Step Site-Directed Mutagenesis and simplified the design of primers so that the DNA could be easily mutated by novice.Our results indicated that the efficiency of this modified method could reach 96.22%.This protocol maight be applied for a large number of DNA samples needed to be mutated due to its low cost.So it is worth widely application.