jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Description of the Pediasuit Protocol TM

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: PediaSuit ProtocolTM is an intensive therapy with a holistic approach to the treatment of individuals with neurological disorders like cerebral palsy (CP), developmental delays, traumatic brain injuries, autism and other conditions which affect a child's motor and/or cognitive functions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work is to describe the PediaSuit ProtocolTM. METHODS: The authors team remained two months observing the care provided in a clinic with physical therapists trained by the PediaSuit ProtocolTM team (USA). RESULTS: The PediaSuitTM is a therapeutic protocol which uses a suit combined with intensive physical therapy and consists of up to four hours of therapy a day, five days a week, during three or four weeks. The PediaSuit ProtocolTM is customized to fit the needs of each child, with specific functional goals, and usually involves an intensive rehabilitation program. It combines the best elements of various techniques and methods, and has a sound rationale based on exercise physiology. CONCLUSION: This protocol anticipates results obtained only with long periods of conventional physical therapy.
Cattle handling at abattoirs. II. The effects of rest in transit and duration of the resting period before slaughter on carcass weight, bruising and muscle properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In two experiments, we examined the effects on carcass weight, bruising and muscle properties of resting cattle during a long rail journey and for various periods at an abattoir before slaughter. In experiment 1, 170 Shorthorn bullocks (mean liveweight 556 kg) were transported 90 km by road and 650 km by rail, with three groups (34 per group) going directly to an abattoir and two groups resting once for one day midway during the rail journey. The resting periods at this abattoir were 2, 3, 4,2 and 3 days, respectively. In experiment 2, 240 cows (mean liveweight 424 kg) were transported 190 km by road and 965 km by rail, with three groups (40 per group) going directly to another abattoir, two groups resting once for one day and one group twice for one day during the rail journey. The resting periods at this second abattoir were 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 1, 2 and 1 day(s), respectively. All cattle had access to feed and water during resting periods and to water until slaughter. As the total resting period after the start of the rail journey and before slaughter increased, the percentage of carcasses with high pH values for M. longissimus dorsi decreased (P &lt; 0.05); correlations for pH 24 h post mortem and ultimate pH were -0.97 and -0.71, respectively. The correlation between total resting period and shear values (initial yield and peak force) were c. -0.5. A resting period during the rail journey was as effective as that time spent resting at the abattoir. Cattle transported directly by rail to the abattoir had a greater bruise score than those rested en route, although cows rested twice were as bruised as those going direct. Treatment had no significant effect on carcass weight or systematic effect on cooking loss. Very high incidences of high ultimate pH values in one group of bullocks (29.4%) and another of cows (20.5%) occurred following periods of stress when slaughtering was interrupted by unavoidable stoppages.
Inflammatory biomarkers predict relapse in IBD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After reading the paper presented by Costa et al ( Gut 2005; 54 :364–8) and the additional commentary by Pardi and Sandborn ( Gut 2005; 54 :321–2), we would like to underscore the potential importance of biomarkers to assess intestinal inflammation and we would like to add a clarification on the faecal calprotectin assay.

We agree with Pardi and Sandborn that other serological markers have not demonstrated clinical utility as predictors or monitoring tools of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity.1 Studies are emerging to support the sensitivity and clinical utility of more selective and specific non-invasive markers of intestinal inflammation, such as faecal calprotectin.2,3 As we deepen our understanding of the molecular basis of IBD, we may find that the degree of inflammation and its role in recurrence differs between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This is an important question raised in both articles.

When comparing the Costa study with the earlier …
The Ethics of Community/Undergraduate Collaborative Research in Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This chapter describes ethical issues related to service-learning in Instrumental Methods of Analysis, a course for junior and senior chemistry majors. The Chemists' Code of Conduct outlines various responsibilities of the chemist to the public, the science of chemistry, the chemical profession, employers, employees, students, associates, clients, and the environment. Negative consequences to the students include less time available for traditional subject matter. A cost/benefit analysis assumes a single scale on which all values can be ranked, and that all affected parties create identical lists of consequences. It assumes that all moral considerations can be reduced to a cost/benefit analysis, and that the "value" attributed to each consequence will be equivalent even when this is done by different individuals or groups. Loyola's Center for Urban Research and Learning has provided an umbrella organization for institutionalizing community/university relationships.
The Baroque Impasse in the Calderonian Drama

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the main characteristics of the Renaissance was its break with the attitude towards life of mediaeval society. The new Hellenistic, classical, humanistic spirit taught the Renaissance man that, far from being a groveling worm, he was a glorious creature capable of infinite individual development in a world which was his to interrogate, explore, and enjoy. The Renaissance exalted the human element, stressed the importance of human interests, and asserted the dignity of man—a trend which may be noted in most authors of the period. Rabelais portrays his heroes as giants, to whom nothing seems impossible, and places no limitations on their actions. Shakespeare writes: “What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in form, in moving, how express and admirable! in action how like an angel, in apprehension, how like a god! the beauty of the world! the paragon of animals!” Viewed from the standpoint of a social behaviorist, the Renaissance teaches mediaeval man, whose interests as an individual were completely subordinated to his function as an element in a feudalistic social unit, that it is possible and right for him to assert and realize self. Social conformity is no longer the only possible relation between man and the world about him. Therefore, the Renaissance man, more energetic and enthusiastic than his mediasval forefather, takes pleasure in a certain spirit of opposition to supposed human and known social limitations; he glories in nonconformity, he rejoices in isolation and in standing up against society and in consciously not doing that which he knows the society he lives in expects him to do. “To brave the disapproval of men is tonic. … Conflict is a necessity of the active soul.” In Spain, as elsewhere, the Renaissance exerted the same influence and a like need for self-expression was felt. Let us then examine the state of mind of Calderonian characters, who, living in the seventeenth century, should by then be well imbued with Renaissance thought, in an effort to determine the fundamental psychological needs underlying their urge towards self-realization.
The study of nuclear structure of even-even Neodymium isotopes using Interacting Boson Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Neodymium isotopes are the members of the chain of nuclei around mass 140 and they represent an ideal case for studying the influence of the shape transition from spherical to deformed nuclei. The nuclei around mass 140 have many interesting features such as high spin isomers, backbending phenomena and even-odd energy staggering of quasiγ bands caused by a soft triaxial deformation and features recently referred to as chiral bands [1]. These nuclei belong to a typical transitional region between spherical and deformed shapes. In this paper we determined the most appropriate Hamiltonian that is needed for present calculations of nuclei in the A ≈ 130 region by the view of projection of IBM-1 parameter. The interacting boson model has been widely used for describing the quadrupole collective states of the medium mass nuclei using the best-fitted values of parameters.
Current notions about etiopathogenic and genetics specific features of <i>Сlostridium perfringens</i> toxins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The review presents modern data on the genetics and etiopathogenetic features of Clostridium perfringens toxins, including the role of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, in the development of food poisoning and a number of intestinal diseases in humans, animals and birds.
Sexually transmitted infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter covers the diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted infections, including bacterial vaginosis, with causes including vaginal discharge, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. The chapter also covers vulvovaginal candidiasis, genital warts or anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus, tropical genital ulceration (which is commoner in patients presenting with sexually transmitted infections in the developing world and is an important factor in the spread of HIV), genital herpes, pelvic inflammatory disease, toxic shock syndrome, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and syphilis.
Development management and policy implementation: relevance beyond the global South

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As a subset of the discipline of public administration, development management (also referred to
as development administration) has traditionally concentrated on the organizational and managerial
problems confronting the countries of the global South. Development management has been
long associated with international foreign assistance, and debates regarding what it is, how to do
it, and what it achieves are frequently embedded within larger arguments about foreign policy,
development assistance, and power imbalances between the global North and South. Reﬂecting
this association, development management is often distinguished as concerning the implementation
of donor-funded policies, programs, and projects intended to promote socio-economic development in low-income countries. Development management has been swept by the same tides
that have shaped foreign assistance over the decades since the post-World War II era, and that have
revisited notions of development and what is needed to make it happen (Brinkerhoﬀ 2008).
Spatial relationships among the cellular tapetum, visual streak and rod density in dogs

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The dog visual system is well suited to dim light conditions due to rod-dominated retina and the reflective tapetum. The topographical distributions of rods and thickness of the tapetum of the dog were quantified in retinal whole mounts stained with thionine, and spatial relationships among the tapetum, rod density and visual streak of high ganglion cell density were elucidated. The relationship between the retina and tapetum was analyzed in parasagittal sections stained with thionine or hematoxylin-eosin. The tapetum was thick in its center, and the thickest part consisted of 9 to 12 tapetal cell layers. Rod density ranged from 200,000 to 540,000/mm(2). Maximum rod density was found in the area dorsal to the visual streak, and the density in that area was significantly higher than the rod density in the visual streak and accorded spatially with the thickest part of the tapetum. The horizontal visual streak was found over the horizontal line through the optic disc in the temporal half and extended slightly into the nasal half. The central area of the highest density of ganglion cells was approximately located midway between the nasal and temporal ends of the visual streak. The visual streak was located within the tapetal area, but ventrally to the thick part of the tapetum.
Genes Involved in Maintaining the Bone Marrow Stroma Are Dysregulated in Patients with Myelofibrosis: Lenalidomide Treatment Up-regulates SOCS3.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with primary MF showed aberrant expression of several genes involved in maintaining BM homeostasis and our findings suggest that treatment with lenalidomide plus prednisone up-regulates SOCS3.
Complex Ice Hockey Team Performance Model based on Expert Interviews

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Scientific research focusing on ice hockey is growing, although a complex model describing team performance is yet to be added to the knowledge base. The purpose of the study is to finalize the authors’ proposed model of ice hockey team performance and gain insights on how the included factors contribute to the operation of the team and the coach. Based on the processed literature, it was assumed that the psychological aspect is among the key factors contributing to team performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with highly qualified experts on Hungarian ice hockey (five national team coaches and five senior national team players). The results indicate that the psychological factors of the coach and the team are essential for high team performance, along with the influence ability of both sides, creating two-way communication and feedback loops. The practical knowledge of the coach was emphasized over theoretical knowledge, and the team’s tactical knowledge was emphasized over technical knowledge. It also emerged that the coach must know the team well in order to make appropriate decisions. The role of the coach is no longer to act as a stressor, but rather to set a good example as a role model while remaining open to feedback from the team’s side. It was concluded that although many psychological methods are available to improve performance, the use of these methods has not yet been sufficiently exploited. While the use of these methods could improve performance, the team could experience more success and make sporting activity a fundamental part of players’ health through bonding and belonging.
Research Progress: The Ultra-Processed Foods Contribute to Micronutrient Deficiencies in Modern Diets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Micronutrient deficiency, commonly known as Hidden Hunger, has raised significant discussion in recent years, affecting more than 2 billion people worldwide. This review examines how Ultra-processed Foods (UPFs) amplify such deficiencies in modern diets. Characterized by industrial formulations and complex processing methods, UPFs are rich in additives but poor in essential vitamins and minerals. Their growing dominance in contemporary food systems can be associated with their convenience, affordability, and palatability. However, the extensive processing methods used in their production strip them of their natural nutritional values while integrating excessive processed sugars, fats, and sodium, contributing to the global burden of nutritional imbalances. Epidemiological studies have highlighted a distinct association between a high UPF-composed diet and increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, and micronutrient deficiencies, posing threats, particularly among vulnerable populations. Mainstream methods currently used to tackle hidden hunger include fortification and supplementation, yet these measures fail to replicate the synergistic benefits of the consumption of whole foods. This review underscores the urgent need for multifaceted interventions through national and global policies, including taxation, market restriction, and promotion of educational programs, ultimately in hopes of reducing UPF reliance and promoting dietary diversity and equality. To align with Sustainable Development Goals, global cooperation is needed to address Hidden Hunger and ensure equitable access to unprocessed or minimally processed food.
A STUDY ON PROCESS OF COMMUNITY DESIGN BASED ON COMPLEX OF PUBLIC FACILITIESPL ANNING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider the role which the public facilities planning plays improvement of regional environment and the possibility of the mechanism of community design based on planning of elementary school and public facilities at Yobetsu destrict in Hokkaido. The result is follows. 1) When public facilities are combined, the frame can be made which the problem and the target of community design can solve. 2) The process where the activity of community design is induced can be offered by invoking the feature of the space composition and the concept of the eco-museum. 3) Through the regional information is accumulated in the process of the excavation and the revaluation of the resource, the organization is foumed which can be brewed common recognition, and do the decision making easily.
Implementation of a mentoring component embedded within an early childhood scholarship programme

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the implementation of a pilot mentoring component as part of a college scholarship programme for child care teachers. The purpose of the mentoring programme was to encourage the application of course material in the student’s classroom. Programme documents, interviews, surveys, and field observations were used to compare the actual mentoring implementation to the design. The pilot programme took place in a Midwestern state, with 3 mentors representing three rural community colleges working with 40 child care providers. Stakeholder perspectives were reported and descriptive output data revealed the variances in the implementation of this mentoring initiative. Lessons learned from this study are shared to inform future child care and educator mentoring initiatives.
THE ASPIRATIONS AND LIFE GOALS OF YOUTH OFFENDERS AT LINDELANI PLACE OF SAFETY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rising crime rates among the youth in South Africa is a major problem. In the Western Cape this concern is particularly urgent and is compounded by issues relating to gangsterism and drugs. This study analyses why youth offenders, based at Lindelani become involved in crime and how they subsequently see their future. The first part of the study reviews theories of crime and deviance, such as the classical school of criminology, psychological, biological and sociological explanations of crime. The usefulness of the criminological developmentalist approach toward identifying risk factors statistically correlated to the perpetration of crime is discussed. Common factors associated with crime in the South African context are identified including family, peers, gang, drug, school, media and neighbourhood related factors as well as the absence of spirituality. Thereafter the literature associated with the development of aspirations, life goals and the concept of possible selves is explained. The relationship between possible selves, aspirations and life goals are discussed and details regarding how possible selves influence delinquency are presented. Following the theoretical analysis, the problem of crime in South Africa with reference to the youths interviewed is outlined. The strategies pursued by government to combat crime are discussed and the effective potential of these approaches are evaluated. An overview of government’s policy toward youth in South Africa is given followed by specific reference to the issues surrounding youth and crime in the Western Cape, with explicit reference to the Cape Flats and gangs. This provides the background to the Lindelani case study. An overview of the operations and challenges facing Lindelani Place of Safety and the profile of offences typically committed by youth are given. Hereafter the findings are presented. The findings are divided into two sections; the first explores the life world of youth at Lindelani by discussing why youth in the Western Cape perpetrate crime and identifies factors that are associated with their involvement. The findings report on the influence of family and household structure, peers, neighbourhood environment, gangs, drugs, school, media, perceived aptitude of youth offenders, role models and spirituality. Section two presents the findings regarding the possible selves, life goals and aspirations of the youth. The general aspirations, possible selves, family aspirations, friendship, neighbourhood, spiritual, educational and occupational aspirations are explored. The study thereby presents the voices of these young offenders.
Research and Design on the High-Voltage Line Harmonic Detection Based on a New Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to measure the high-voltage transmission line voltage harmonic signal directly and timely, a new approach based on field intensity method is put forward, solving the problems of getting the high-voltage transmission line voltage harmonic signal indirectly by using the traditional methods. Through the establishment of the field intensity method to get voltage signal mathematical model so as to prove its correctness in theory, besides, the actual measurement circuit of harmonic detector is designed to verify the correctness of the theory. High-voltage transmission line harmonic detector can easily detect voltage harmonic content of the high-voltage line
Vaccine development for cryptosporidiosis: Systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cryptosporidium spp. are opportunistic parasites with zoonotic potential transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water and food, the infection consists of severe diarrhea leading to the death of babies and immunocompromised individuals. In the veterinary, it can generate economic losses due to the death of calves, these animals being a possible source of transmission of the parasite. Nitazoxanide and halofuginone are the only drugs approved for treatment in humans and calves respectively, however there are restrictions on their use. There is still no vaccine against cryptosporidiosis in humans or animals and its development is a great challenge. Our objective with the present work was to write a systematic review of the literature addressing the progress of studies on vaccines against cryptosporidiosis. The recommended guidelines for RSL were used, with the aid of the StArt software (State of the Art through Systematic Rewiews). The research took place in the databases: Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase and Medline. In 30% of the selected articles, the calves were the study animal and in 50% the mice; 40% of the studies were with vaccines derived from recombinant proteins and 30% of the research was aimed at inhibiting the parasite from entering cells and activating the host's protective immunity. So far, a vaccine with no proven efficacy or an ideal cost-benefit has been developed. Many candidate antigenic targets for a vaccine have been characterized, in addition to elucidating the immunogenicity mechanism of Cryptosporidium spp. in the infected individual. However, another antigenic targets for a vaccine can be searched in future studies.