jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of subthreshold nonlinearities on signal-to-noise ratio and timing precision for small signals in neurons: minimal model analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Subthreshold voltage- and time-dependent conductances can subserve different roles in signal integration and action potential generation. Here, we use minimal models to demonstrate how a non-inactivating low-threshold outward current (IKLT) can enhance the precision of small-signal integration. Our integrate-and-fire models have only a few biophysical parameters, enabling a parametric study of IKLT's effects. IKLTincreases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for firing when a subthreshold 'signal' EPSP is delivered in the presence of weak random input. The increased SNR is due to the suppression of spontaneous firings to random input. In accordance, SNR grows as the EPSP amplitude increases. SNR also grows as the unitary synaptic current's time constant increases, leading to more effective suppression of spontaneous activity. Spike-triggered reverse correlation of the injected current indicates that, to reach spike threshold, a cell with IKLT requires a briefer time course of injected current. Consistent with this narrowed integration time window, IKLTenhances phase-locking, measured as vector strength, to a weak noisy and periodically modulated stimulus. Thus subthreshold negative feedback mediated by IKLTenhances temporal processing. An alternative suppression mechanism is voltage-and time-dependent inactivation of a low-threshold inward current. This feature in an integrate-and-fire model also shows SNR enhancement, in comparison with a case when the inward current is non-inactivating. Small-signal detection can be significantly improved in noisy neuronal systems by subthreshold negative feedback, serving to suppress false positives.
Back Where They Once Belonged? Local Response to Afforestation in County Kerry, Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Afforestation has many benefits at the local regional and global scale. The local social impacts of planting new forests, however, depend on a variety of contextual factors and other details including who is doing the planting, which species are being planted, the location of the planting and, perhaps most importantly, existing land uses and their linkage to social and economic circumstances. This article presents case study research into these issues in two places in County Kerry Ireland. Utilising the concept of the differentiated landscape, we examine the somewhat varying social responses to afforestation in the two study sites in light of the different environmental and social and economic circumstances in the two adjacent areas. We conclude that a more locally nuanced approach to forest planting than has been common in the past could well create greater social acceptance of future afforestation and benefits accruing from it.
Icariin Improves Functional Behavior in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Promotes Synaptic Plasticity Markers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Epimedii Herba (EH) has been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat hemiplegia following stroke. Icariin, its major active component, is used as a quality-control marker and for its various pharmacological effects. We hypothesized that icariin would show protective effects following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The TBI mouse model was induced using a controlled cortical impact method. Body weight, brain damage, motor function, and cognitive function were evaluated. Synaptogenesis markers were analyzed to investigate potential mechanisms of action. The animals were divided into six groups: sham, control, minocycline-treated group, and icariin-treated (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p. o.) groups. The icariin 30 mg/kg-treated group regained body weight at 7 and 8 d post TBI. Icariin 30 mg/kg- and 10 mg/kg-treated groups showed enhanced sensory-motor function at 8 d post TBI in rotarod and balance beam tests. Icariin-treated groups showed increased recognition index in the novel object recognition test at all doses and increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test at 30 mg/kg. Icariin upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 expressions. However, no protective effects against brain damage or neuronal death were observed. The current results provide a basis for using icariin following TBI and suggest that it could be a candidate for the development of therapeutic agents for functional recovery after TBI.
THE EFFECT OF BORON DEFICIENCY ON CALLOSE FORMATION AND 14C TRANSLOCATION IN BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) AND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Callose accumulated in the tissues of boron deficient bean and cotton plants, the extent and distribution of which depended on the species. Sieve plates in the phloem of boron deficient bean were characterized by heavy plugs of callose, while the sieve plates of boron deficient cotton were essentially unaffected. Translocation of 14 C was, however, drastically reduced in both plants. It is suggested that callose deposition in boron deficient plants is a secondary effect of cellular damage.
Datasets for "Pulsational pair-instability supernovae in gravitational-wave and electromagnetic transients" from Hendriks et al 2023.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Data related to the paper "Pulsational pair-instability supernovae in gravitational-wave and electromagnetic transients" by Hendriks et al 2023 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2857. `EVENTS_V2.2.2_SEMI_HIGH_RES*.tar.gz: main PPISN prescription variation simulation results for the GW mergers. These contain configurations for the populations and the convolved merger results which in turn contain merger rates, merger properties and events that preceded the mergers (RLOF episodes, SNe). These results are used in figures 2, 3, 6, and 7. Figure 8 uses the SFR used in one of these simulations. `EVENTS_V2.2.2_MID_RES*.tar.gz`: PPISNe prescription variation results for the transient rate evolution. These contain configurations for the populations and the convolved merger results which in turn contain merger rates, merger properties and events that preceded the mergers (RLOF episodes, SNe). These results are used in figure 4. `grid_single_mass_metallicity_data.tar.gz`: data containing single-star remnant-mass data as a function of initial mass vs. final mass for our fiducial model and three variations: Farmer 2019 PPISN prescription, M_extra_ppisn_ML=10 Msun (i.e. where 10 solarmass of additional mass loss occur for each PPISN), M_co_shift_ppisn=-5 Msun (i.e. the CO core mass range that undergoes PPISN is shifted to lower masses by 5 solarmass). This data is used in figure 5. `schematic_overview_data.tar.gz`: data containing single-star remnant-mass data as a function of pre-SN core mass for our fiducial models and several variations: Farmer 2019 PPISN prescription, M_extra_ppisn_ML = 5 Msun, M_co_shift_ppisn=-5 Msun, M_co_shift_ppisn=+5 Msun. This data is used in figure 1. `paper_ppisne_scripts-main.tar.gz`: git-repository that contains the routines to generate the figures. The readme in this script should contain enough information, but relevant to the data here: the user needs to store the files contained in this zenodo repository in a directory that they point to at with an environment variable called `paper_PPISNe_Hendriks2023_data_dir`. These scripts are also hosted on https://gitlab.com/dhendriks/paper_ppisne_scripts
The corporate image and benefits of sponsorship practices in aviation businesses: Turkish Airlines is an example

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the change and development in the field of sponsorship, institutions make long-term and high-priced investments in various fields to create and promote their own identity and image. Thanks to its corporate image and sponsorship activities, businesses reach an honest, reliable, socially sensitive and participatory profile in the eyes of the target audience. Businesses operating in various fields carry out sponsorship activities in branches that will contribute to the institution in every sense. Sponsorship activities applied in aviation also provide benefits for both the business and the sponsored counterparty and meet the expectations of both parties. Turkish Airlines is considered among the brands that strengthen its corporate image with sponsorship activities in the field of aviation. THY sacrifices an important budget both locally and globally in its sponsorship activities and maintains an active sponsorship policy in order to increase its permanence in the minds. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sponsorship practices in aviation businesses on the corporate image and promotion and to examine the examples of Turkish Airlines in this context. While conducting this research, literature review method was used. As a result of the research, it has been measured that THY contributes to the corporate image and promotional activities in the eyes of the target audience, thanks to its sponsorship activities.
Novel Coagulation Test Detects Anticoagulation Resistance and Is Associated With Thrombotic Events in Pediatric Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Bivalirudin, an IV direct thrombin inhibitor, and unfractionated heparin (UFH) are frequently used anticoagulants in the pediatric critical care setting. An accurate, specific, point-of-care test to quantify and detect anticoagulation resistance is not currently available. This study evaluates the ability of a rapid (< 10 min), micro-volume ( < 50 uL) coagulation test to detect and quantify the anticoagulation effect of bivalirudin and UFH using a functional, clot time endpoint in pediatric critical care patients. DESIGN: Single-site retrospective laboratory sample analysis and chart review. SETTING: A 105-bed pediatric and cardiac ICUs delivering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. SUBJECTS: Forty-one citrated, frozen, biobanked plasma specimens comprising 21 with bivalirudin and 20 with UFH from 15 anticoagulated pediatric patients were analyzed. Thirteen patients were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, one had a submassive pulmonary embolism, and one was on a left ventricular assist device. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: A Clotting Time Score (CTS) was derived on each sample. The CTS detected patients that had developed a pathologic clotting event with 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity compared with prothrombin time with 25% sensitivity/76% specificity and activated partial thromboplastin time with 0% sensitivity/0% specificity. Additionally, the CTS detected subtherapeutic anticoagulation in response to UFH in patients that were clinically determined to be UFH resistant requiring alternative anticoagulation with bivalirudin. CONCLUSIONS: The CTS appears to be a clinically valuable indicator of coagulation status in patients treated with either UFH or bivalirudin. Results outside of the therapeutic range due to inadequate dosing or anticoagulation resistance appeared to be associated with clot formation. CTS testing may reduce the risk of anticoagulation-related complications via the rapid identification of patients at high risk for pathologic thrombotic events.
Artificial Intelligence and Corporate Sustainability: Shaping the Future of ESG in the Age of Industry 5.0

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The growing concern about the disruptive potential of new technologies compels us to reconsider the impact of AI on sustainability. This study examines the development of AI within Chinese listed companies from two key perspectives: technology‐driven innovation and institutional responses, and analyzes their effects on corporate sustainability. The findings reveal that (i) AI significantly enhances corporate sustainability, particularly within the tertiary industry; (ii) both productivity and information transparency serve as positive mediators in this relationship; (iii) employee education plays a crucial role, with a higher proportion of employees holding bachelor's and master's degrees benefiting firms more significantly; (iv) at the institutional level, the degree of factor market development exhibits a notable heterogeneous effect, with cities having lower levels of factor market development showing a stronger contribution of AI to sustainability—likely due to the diminishing marginal effect of technology; and (v) proactive AI policies are instrumental in improving economic sustainability, underscoring the positive role of well‐targeted government intervention. This study offers both technical and policy insights for governments seeking to foster AI‐driven sustainability while ensuring that AI itself contributes to broader sustainable development goals.
Magnetically switchable spin wave retarder with $90^\circ$ antiferromagnetic domain wall

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Polarization, denoting the precession direction with respect to the background magnetization, is an intrinsic degree of freedom of spin wave. Using magnetic textures to control the spin wave polarization is fundamental and indispensable toward reprogrammable polarization-based magnonics. Here, we show that due to the intrinsic cubic anisotropy, a $90^\circ$ antiferromagnetic domain wall naturally acts as a spin wave retarder (wave-plate). Moreover, for a $90^\circ$ domain wall pair developed by introducing a second domain in a homogenous antiferromagnetic wire, the sign of retarding effect can be flipped by simply switching the direction of the intermediate domain.
Adversaries or Partners? Science and the Precautionary Principle in International Wildlife Treaty Regimes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1992, the precautionary principle emerged from the sidelines to make a splash at Rio and make its debut on the international environmental law stage. Since then, the principle has been adopted in numerous international agreements and has become an important principle of international environmental law. It has also, however, experienced something of a backlash. Among other things, commentators have argued that it is incoherent and paralyzing or anti-scientific. This article identifies and analyzes four themes that emerge from the way in which the principle has been addressed by four major international conventions for the conservation of wildlife - the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). These themes shed light on how the parties to these conventions perceive the precautionary principle, its role in decision-making, and its relationship to science. The principle's use suggests that the principle is primarily perceived as a stop-gap measure to be applied at the operational level when information is clearly absent. Where, however, information is available, the principle is frequently treated as irrelevant. This in turn leads to arguments that those who see a role for the principle in these circumstances are acting contrary to the science. This article argues that this approach misconceives the nature and level of uncertainty in conservation. It proposes that decision-makers recognize the pervasiveness of uncertainty. As such, they should develop a distinct role for the precautionary principle that is complementary to science and that will allow the inevitable value judgments implicated in conservation activities to be made openly and with a background principle of ensuring conservation. To the extent this role takes the principle beyond its beginnings in Rio, this article argues that the role is necessary as part of the principle's maturing process.
The effect of high frequency sound on <i>Culicoides</i> numbers collected with suction light traps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<em>Culicoides</em> midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), are involved in the transmission of various pathogens that cause important diseases of livestock worldwide. The use of insect repellents to reduce the attack rate of these insects on livestock could play an important role as part of an integrated control programme against diseases transmitted by these midges. The objective of this study was to determine whether high frequency sound has any repellent effect on <em>Culicoides</em> midges. The number of midges collected with 220 V Onderstepoort white light traps fitted with electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs), emitting 5-20 KHz multi-frequency sound waves, was compared with that of two untreated traps. Treatments were rotated in two replicates of a 4 x 4 randomised Latin square design. Although fewer midges were collected in the two traps fitted with EMRs, the average number collected over eight consecutive nights was not significantly different. The EMRs also had no influence on any of the physiological groups of <em>Culicoides imicola</em> Kieffer or the species composition of the <em>Culicoides</em> population as determined with light traps. The results indicate that high frequency sound has no repellent effect on <em>Culicoides</em> midges. There is therefore no evidence to support their promotion or use in the protection of animals against pathogens transmitted by <em>Culicoides</em> midges.
Medical thoracoscopy in MALT lymphoma causing pleural effusion: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ) lymphoma is a form of low‐grade malignant B ‐cell extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is classified as marginal‐zone lymphoma and represents less than 1% of all lung cancer. We describe a case of MALT lymphoma limited exclusively to the lung that came to our attention with infective pleural effusion and concomitant lung consolidation of the left lower lobe. Our case demonstrates that MALT can begin with an acute clinical presentation. The clinical scenario, with fever, parietal chest pain, and leukocytosis, suggested an infective process. Radiological and sonographic examinations and the endoscopic aspect during medical thoracoscopy ( MT ) were typical of an infective etiology. The histological outcome of non‐specific inflammatory pleuritis confirmed our suppositions. However, the missing resolution of lung consolidation after several weeks led us to an alternative diagnosis. Parenchymal biopsies obtained by bronchoscopy allowed us to reach the correct diagnosis: MALT lymphoma limited to the lung.
Design and Optimization of Microstrip Antenna Array Using GA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Genetic Algorithms(GA)were employed to design and optimize the microstrip array of C band microwave relay equipment with low side lobe and back lobe.On the premise that the feeding of array was not complicated,spaces between elements,current amplitude were adjusted to reduce side lobe and back lobe with genetic algorithm.Finally after the optimization of array using GA,the design decision and gain of the array were presented.
Outcome of prenatally diagnosed fetal heterotaxy: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The main aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence and type of associated anomalies in fetuses with heterotaxy diagnosed prenatally on ultrasound; the perinatal outcome of these fetuses was also studied. Methods An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases was performed. Only studies reporting the prenatal diagnosis of isomerism were included. Outcomes observed included associated cardiac and extracardiac anomalies, fetal arrhythmia, abnormal karyotype, type of surgical repair and perinatal mortality. The analysis was stratified according to the type of heterotaxy syndrome (left (LAI) or right (RAI) atrial isomerism). Meta‐analyses of proportions were used to combine data. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Results Sixteen studies (647 fetuses) were included in the analysis. Atrioventricular septal defect was the most common associated major cardiac anomaly found both in fetuses with LAI (pooled proportion (PP), 59.3% (95% CI, 44.0–73.7%)), with obstructive lesions of the right outflow tract occurring in 35.5% of these cases, and in fetuses with RAI (PP, 72.9% (95% CI, 60.4–83.7%)). Fetal arrhythmias occurred in 36.7% (95% CI, 26.9–47.2%) of cases with LAI and were mainly represented by complete atrioventricular block, while this finding was uncommon in cases with RAI (PP, 1.3% (95% CI, 0.2–3.2%)). Abnormal stomach and liver position were found, respectively, in 59.4% (95% CI, 38.1–79.0%) and 32.5% (95% CI, 11.9–57.6%) of cases with LAI, and in 54.5% (95% CI, 38.5–70.1%) and 45.9% (95% CI, 11.3–83.0%) of cases with RAI, while intestinal malrotation was detected in 14.2% (95% CI, 2.5–33.1%) of LAI and 27.1% (95% CI, 7.9–52.0%) of RAI cases. Hydrops developed in 11.8% (95% CI, 2.9–25.6%) of fetuses diagnosed prenatally with LAI. Biventricular repair was accomplished in 78.2% (95% CI, 64.3–89.4%) of cases with LAI, while univentricular repair or palliation was needed in 17.0% (95% CI, 9.7–25.9%); death during or after surgery occurred in 26.8% (95% CI, 4.6–58.7%) of LAI cases. Most children with RAI had univentricular repair and 27.8% (95% CI, 15.5–42.1%) died during or after surgery. Conclusions Fetal heterotaxy is associated with a high prevalence of cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. Approximately one quarter of fetuses with heterotaxy died during or after surgery. Abnormal heart rhythm, especially heart block, is common in fetuses with LAI, while this finding is uncommon in RAI. Biventricular repair was common in LAI while univentricular repair was required in the majority of children affected by RAI. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Research on On-board Edge Computing Network Task Unloading Based on Service Cache Reputation Incentive Mechanism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to overcome the selfishness of users and encourage more vehicles to participate in this process, this paper combined the computing and caching capabilities of mobile edge cloud, proposed a new service caching and delivery incentive mechanism, the main research content is as follows: Aiming at the service caching process, this paper designs a reputation incentive mechanism based on SD-VEC framework. Before the user applies for the vehicle service, we need to add the credit evaluation, so as to obtain different quality of service quality. Then, the interaction between the on- board edge cloud server and the vehicle in the process of service caching is modeled as a one-to-many two-stage Stackelberg game. Based on the utility functions of both sides, the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibrium is proved by backward induction. In addition, a genetic intelligence optimization algorithm is designed to help solve the utility optimization problem.
Automatic Recognition of Human Psychological State Based on EEG Data

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The paper deals with the problem of binary classification of Electroencephalography (EEG) data using ordinary personal computers at making computation in real time. Eleven different criteria of similarity of two Multivariate Time Series (MTS) were used for this purpose. Basis on computation results of 32 dimensional EEG signals was established the advantages of the considered methods over each other. Methods “ascending eigenvalue-weighted difference between eigenvector matrices”, “getting into the confidence regions of the linear trends of MTS” and of the method which is obtained by the union of previous two methods gave better results by classification accuracy than others.