jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Spread of Islam in Uganda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Spread of Islam in Uganda Get access The Spread of Islam in Uganda, by Abdu B. Kasozi. Oxford University Press, Nairobi, in association with the Islamic African Centre, Khartoum, 1986. vi + 136pp. 45 Shillings (Kenyan). ISBN 0 19 572596 4. MICHAEL TWADDLE MICHAEL TWADDLE Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 87, Issue 347, April 1988, Pages 299–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098038 Published: 01 April 1988
Acoustic multi-layer Helmholtz resonance metamaterials with multiple adjustable absorption peaks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The single Helmholtz resonator obtains only one absorption peak in the broad frequency range, which limits its application in reducing the noise with multiple spectra. This paper reports an acoustic multi-layer Helmholtz resonance metamaterial, which can achieve multiple absorption peaks at given low-frequency targets. Meanwhile, through adjusting structural parameters of the multi-layer Helmholtz resonator, its impedance can be altered correspondingly to realize the absorption of noise with the multi groups of specific frequencies. In this paper, in order to achieve fine absorption performance with the specific frequencies of 100 and 400 Hz for a substation noise source, the sound absorption principle of a classical Helmholtz resonator with the embedded aperture is introduced theoretically, and then two series of multi-layer Helmholtz resonance structures with different parameters are designed. Thickness of the multi-layer structure is only 1/30th of the working wavelength, and two groups of resonance peaks are generated at 100 and 400 Hz, respectively. A finite element model of the multi-layer Helmholtz resonator is constructed to simulate its absorption performance. The samples are fabricated through the 3D light-curing printing, and their sound absorption performances are detected by the standing wave method. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and two peaks with near-perfect absorptions are achieved at the target frequencies. The multi-layer Helmholtz resonator for achievement of three groups of absorption peaks is proposed later. This work provides an effective method to design a sound absorber with multiple absorption peaks, which can promote the application of acoustic metamaterials.
Pomalidomide and its clinical potential for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: an update for the hematologist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple myeloma is a common plasma cell neoplasm that is incurable with conventional therapy. The treatment paradigm of multiple myeloma is not standardized and is evolving. The advent of novel drugs, including the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the immunomodulatory agents, has resulted in increased median survival. Unfortunately, all patients eventually relapse and require further therapy. Pomalidomide is the newest immunomodulatory drug, created by chemical modification of thalidomide with the intention of increasing therapeutic activity while limiting toxicity. Its mechanism of action is incompletely understood but involves anti-angiogenic effects, immunomodulation, an effect on the myeloma tumor microenvironment, and the protein cereblon. It is more potent than thalidomide and lenalidomide. In phase II studies, it has shown significant activity in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, including patients who are heavily pretreated, have disease refractory to lenalidomide and bortezomib, and those with high-risk cytogenetic or molecular markers. It is generally well tolerated, with adverse effects including fatigue, neutropenia, neuropathy, and thromboembolic disease. Pomalidomide is a promising new agent in the expanding arsenal of antimyeloma drugs. In this review, we discuss the clinical experience to date with pomalidomide in multiple myeloma.
Coherent interference suppression for near-field underwater acoustic imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the near-field underwater acoustic imaging system, the performance of conventional focused beamforming technique can become severely degraded when the target echoes are obscured by directional coherent interferences. In this paper, the Bartlett beam null-forming is adopted to suppress such interferences. It can maximize the power output of targets directions and make beam output nulls in interferences directions. Numerical simulations are provided for demonstrating the validity of the presented method. And the results indicate that the Bartlett method can form nulls in the positions of one or more coherent interferences effectively and reduce the side lobe level.
Analisis Pola Harga Saham dengan Modifikasi Metode Eksponen Hurst dan Box Counting

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A stock chart is a graphical representation of a stock's past performance. The dynamic pattern of stock prices is important to know because an investor wants to invest, expecting high returns with low risk. The dynamic pattern of stock prices can be known by fractal dimension analysis because the stock price graph is self-affine, which is one of the properties of fractal objects. In this study, a modification of the Hurst exponent method and box counting are used to analyze the fractal dimension. The calculated results are classified into three types, namely random, persistent and anti-persistent. Two data intervals are observed, namely January 2018-December 2021 stock prices (48 data) and January 2018-June 2022 stock prices (54 data). The resulting Hurst exponents of the two intervals are 0.043 and 0.003. Based on the resulting Hurst exponent value, the data is anti-persistent because the value 0<H<0.5. Then, the fractal dimension value obtained by applying the box-counting method is 1.547 and 1.562, meaning that Bank Rakyat Indonesia's price pattern is anti-persistent. The meaning of anti-persistent is that in certain months the stock has a high price and in the following months the stock has a low price to be traded.
Computer-aided Micro-EDM die-sinking tool design optimisation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a new efficient method for computer aided optimisations of micro EDM die sinking tools, which can be used for design optimisation and performance verification in the digital domain. This would facilitate the integration and re-configurability of the micro EDM die sinking process in high value products manufacturing chains. An EDM simulation tool which makes use of voxels embedded in a voxel octree to represent the geometries is introduced and its application to a new Micro-EDM die-sinking tool shape optimisation is then described. Simulation results obtained with simple shapes are then discussed highlighting the capabilities of the new optimisation method and potential areas of improvement are proposed.
Estimasi Curah Hujan Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan Menggunakan Metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rain is weather phenomenon caused by climate’s physical conditions of atmosphere variables such as temperature, air pressure, air density, humidity and wind of velocity. Many researches on rain have been undertaken in Indonesia. Many statistic models are resulted from those researches; nevertheless, in statistic models climate’s physical conditions are not considered as components which affect the rain occurrence. Besides, estimating the amount of rain that is to fall-whether it is increasing, decreasing, or static- with statistic models is still unsure. Physical and mathematical approaches of weather variables only are not enough to estimate rainfall. More interpretations are needed to apply. Therefore, this research implements a way to estimate daily rainfall using a method called Artificial Neural Network. As parameter of the inputs of JST program, then the data of daily temperature, air humidity and wind speed play important roles, while the output which is manifested in daily rainfall tested in data scale, a period of 5-9 years. The results obtained show that JST method enables us to estimate daily rainfall of Kota Banjarbaru.
Learning Analytics Tools to Analyze Progress and Results With Moodle LMS Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

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Managing incontinence in people with dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is estimated that there are 850 000 people with dementia in the UK, and 53% of them have incontinence. Dementia adds an extra challenge to managing a patient's continence. This article discusses that challenge, looking at the nature and causes of incontinence, the effects that ageing has on continence and the associated complications. It then examines the nature of dementia and some of its causes and goes on to show how the symptoms of dementia can impact on a person's continence. The article highlights the important of conducting a thorough assessment of a person with dementia who experiences incontinence, including medical history, medications and symptom profile. Using a bladder diary, the importance of involving relatives and carers, physical examination and ‘red-flag’ symptoms to be aware of are also discussed. Lastly, this article talks about creating a strategy to manage a patient's incontinence, including prompted toileting, medication, using incontinence pads, catheterisation, care planning and supporting relatives and carers.
4. Decoding the Face-Transplant Debates

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter introduces a case study, exploring the popular, medical, and bioethical debates following the first partial face transplant of Isabelle Dinoire in 2005. It concentrates on the technical aspects of the surgery, as well as the way that it was framed by surgeons and bioethicists in the medical literature during early attempts to get ethical approval for the FAT. The chapter argues that there was space in the initial journalistic coverage of the surgery to imagine it as something other than strictly cosmetic and strictly self- serving, imagining and taking seriously the therapeutic possibilities of facial interventions. The earliest news narratives were cautiously positive, celebrating the practical advantages of the procedure for (recipient) Isabelle Dinoire and future patients. It then looks at how and why that space constricted as Isabelle Dinoire and her doctors were put on journalistic trial for attempting to win what newspapers around the world dubbed "the face race". While broad bioethical concerns provided the ostensible framework for these challenges, the underlying narrative rested on a discomfort with Dinoire's own right to the procedure, which occupied an ambiguous space between medically necessary reconstruction and elective aesthetic surgery. Ultimately coverage was highly critical and negative.
Property Variation Within the Thin-Walled Magnesium Alloy Components

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Utilization of magnesium alloys within the field of vehicle design offers substantial opportunity for mass reduction. This has resulted in a wide range of automotive applications. More recently, the scope of application has been extended to include components that are considered crash critical. However, the magnesium die casting process is widely reported as producing parts that exhibit large local variation in part properties. Hence, this introduces the technical challenge of how to design effectively based upon these constraints. In order to better understand this phenomenon, two large size thin walled production components were examined. Tensile test coupons were extracted from multiple locations. Micro and macro level investigations were also conducted in an effort to identify the root cause of property variation. This paper discusses the influences of porosity on mechanical property variation, specifically tensile strain to failure. Further discussion is also presented, detailing a proposed empirical model, for the prediction of local strain to failure.
Genetic Variability Studies on Yield, Physiological and Nutritional Traits in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Forty two genotypes of pearl millet were evaluated in randomized block design for twenty two physiological, nutritional and yield related traits to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of mean. The analysis of variance revealed significant variability for all the 22 yield, physiological and nutritional traits. Among the 22 characters studied, the genetic advance as percent of mean along with higher values of heritability, GCV and PCV estimates were maximum for grain yield plot-1, green fodder yield plot-1, iron content, leaf area duration, green fodder yield plant-1 and zinc content indicating that the genetic variances for these traits are probably owing to their high additive gene effects.
Analisis Komparatif Manajemen Wakaf Produktif LAZ Harfa dan Dompet Dhuafa Banten

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research discusses and analyzes the comparison of two of the collecting agency of ZISWAF, namely LAZ HARFA and Dompet Dhuafa. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to determine the management of the fundraising and distribution of productive waqf in LAZ HARFA and Dompet Dhuafa in Banten. This research uses a scientific-normative juridical approach. The results of this study showed LAZ HARFA and Dompet Dhuafa Banten has four same strategies in fundraising waqf: the First, both institution make the millenial as the object of waqf; Second, provide education of waqf to the community; Third, did the campaign of the waqf; the Fourth, LAZ HARFA establish a relationship and a discussion with the founder, while the Dompet Dhuafa has monitoring and reporting. Related to the distribution LAZ HARFA prioritize the results of the waqf is intended to turn the waqf asset that is not productive. The target distribution of waqf in LAZ HARFA is in educational, economic, and health, while the target distribution of waqf in Dompet Dhuafa is in the health, economic, dakwah, social and education.Keyword: Fundraising; Distribution; Waqf, AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas dan menganalisis tentang komparasi dua lembaga pengumpul ZISWAF, yaitu LAZ HARFA dan Dompet Dhuafa. Secara khusus, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manajemen fundrising dan distribusi wakaf produktif di LAZ HARFA dan Dompet Dhuafa di Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan saintifik yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan LAZ HARFA dan Dompet Dhuafa Banten memiliki empat strategi yang sama dalam fundrising wakaf: Pertama, kedua lembaga menjadikan millenial sebagai objek wakaf; Kedua, memberikan edukasi wakaf terhadap masyarakat; Ketiga, melakukan kampanye wakaf; Keempat, LAZ HARFA menjalin silaturahmi dan diskusi dengan para pendiri, sedangkan Dompet Dhuafa melakukan monitoring dan reporting. Terkait distribusi LAZ HARFA memprioritaskan hasil wakaf diperuntukan guna menghidupkan aset wakaf yang belum produktif. Target distribusi wakaf LAZ HARFA adalah pendidikan, ekonomi dan kesehatan, sedangkan target distribusi wakaf Dompet Dhuafa adalah kesehatan, ekonomi, dakwah, sosial dan pendidikan.Kata kunci: Fundrising; Distribusi; Wakaf
[Role of antineuraminidase antibodies in protection against influenza].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For improving the anti-influenza vaccination efficacy, the choice of strains carrying up dated neuraminidase antigen (NA) and the introduction of the optimal amount of NA antigen in the vaccine are critical. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the neuraminidase N2 of A/Beijing/32/92 showed NA inhibition (NI) and neutralized (Nt) the cells infection by influenza virus either at an early stage (group 2 antibodies inhibit virus binding to cells) or at a late stage of infection (group 1 antibodies inhibit virus release). The specificity of the neutralization test is restricted to the homologous variant whereas the NI specificity is much broader. When both group 1 and group 2 antibodies are tested together, their neutralizing activity is significantly increased. The emergence in 1997 of an avian strain H5N1 in humans influenza infections at Hong Kong (Strain A/Hong-Kong/156/97) rose the threat of pandemic. The H5N1 strain carried H5 HA which is not recognized by the human immune system, but N1 might be related to other N1 antigens belonging to avian, swine and human strains. So we 1) characterized the N1 antigen from H5N1 in comparison with other known antigens, 2) we looked for anti N1 (H5N1) antibodies in humans according to the age and the vaccination status, 3) we checked the neutralizing activity of anti N1 antibodies. The N1 antigen (H5N1) appeared closely related to N1 from swine strains: Sw/31 correlated itself to the pandemic spanish virus (1918-19), and more recent swine isolates from 1982 and 1989. The anti N1 (H5N1) antibodies were present in sera collected from 75+ years old persons and these N1 antibodies were neutralizing H5N1 cells infection. Consequently, 75+ years old persons do not represent a priority group for vaccination in the case of H5N1 pandemic conditions.
High‐throughput sequencing of 5S‐IGS in oaks: Exploring intragenomic variation and algorithms to recognize target species in pure and mixed samples

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Measuring biological diversity is a crucial but difficult undertaking, as exemplified in oaks where complex patterns of morphological, ecological, biogeographical and genetic differentiation collide with traditional taxonomy, which measures biodiversity in number of species (or higher taxa). In this pilot study, we generated high‐throughput sequencing amplicon data of the intergenic spacer of the 5S nuclear ribosomal DNA cistron (5S‐IGS) in oaks, using six mock samples that differ in geographical origin, species composition and pool complexity. The potential of the marker for automated genotaxonomy applications was assessed using a reference data set of 1,770 5S‐IGS cloned sequences, covering the entire taxonomic breadth and distribution range of western Eurasian Quercus , and applying similarity ( blast ) and evolutionary approaches (maximum‐likelihood trees and Evolutionary Placement Algorithm). Both methods performed equally well, allowing correct identification of species in sections Ilex and Cerris in the pure and mixed samples, and main lineages shared by species of sect. Quercus . Application of different cut‐off thresholds revealed that medium‐ to high‐abundance (>10 or 25) sequences suffice for a net species identification of samples containing one or a few individuals. Lower thresholds identify phylogenetic correspondence with all target species in highly mixed samples (analogous to environmental bulk samples) and include rare variants pointing towards reticulation, incomplete lineage sorting, pseudogenic 5S units and in situ (natural) contamination. Our pipeline is highly promising for future assessments of intraspecific and interpopulation diversity, and of the genetic resources of natural ecosystems, which are fundamental to empower fast and solid biodiversity conservation programmes worldwide.
Characterization of the Ubiquitin-Modified Proteome Regulated by Transient Forebrain Ischemia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ubiquitylation is a posttranslational protein modification that modulates various cellular processes of key significance, including protein degradation and DNA damage repair. In animals subjected to transient cerebral ischemia, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins accumulate in Triton-insoluble aggregates. Although this process is widely considered to modulate the fate of postischemic neurons, few attempts have been made to characterize the ubiquitin-modified proteome in these aggregates. We performed proteomics analyses to identify ubiquitylated proteins in postischemic aggregates. Mice were subjected to 10 minutes of forebrain ischemia and 4 hours of reperfusion. The hippocampi were dissected, aggregates were isolated, and trypsin-digested after spiking with GG-BSA as internal standard. K- ε-GG-containing peptides were immunoprecipitated and analyzed by label-free quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. We identified 1,664 peptides to 520 proteins containing at least one K- ε-GG. Sixty-six proteins were highly ubiquitylated, with 10 or more K- ε-GG peptides. Based on selection criteria of greater than fivefold increase and P<0.001, 763 peptides to 272 proteins were highly enriched in postischemic aggregates. These included proteins involved in important neuronal functions and signaling pathways that are impaired after ischemia. Results of this study could serve as an important platform to uncover the mechanisms linking insoluble ubiquitin aggregates to the functions of postischemic neurons.
Balancing Expectations: Navigating Medically Necessary Torso Procedures with Cosmetic Components in the Military Healthcare System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Surgeons performing federal insurance–financed procedures involving medically necessary and cosmetic components must navigate patient expectations to avoid postoperative disappointment. This challenge is amplified in military healthcare, where different surgical specialties concurrently address the same diagnosis, while the Department of Defense policy on cosmetic fees and TRICARE’s definition of excluded services adds further complexity. With the increasing prevalence of elevated body mass index, focus is directed toward diagnoses involving the torso, specifically gynecomastia in male individuals, and diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DRAM) in female individuals. Methods: The study involves a team of experienced board-certified surgeons conducting a narrative review of surgical procedures addressing gynecomastia and DRAM. Relevant literature from 2000 to 2023 is reviewed, focusing on patient satisfaction regarding outcome of medically necessary and cosmetic aspects. Results: For gynecomastia, distinguishing between true and pseudogynecomastia is critical. A protocol is presented based on the Simon classification, offering evidence-based guidelines for surgical interventions. Similarly, for DRAM, a minimally invasive approach balances deployment readiness and surgical recovery. The presence of a symptomatic panniculus, however, requires more invasive intervention. The downstream ramification of limited Current Procedural Terminology codes for these interventions is discussed. Conclusions: In medically necessary procedures funded through federal health plans such as TRICARE, the primary goal is functional improvement, not the final torso contour. Clear communication and preoperative counseling are crucial to managing patient expectations. Providers in military healthcare must navigate the complex landscape of patient expectations, policy guidelines, and duty readiness while maintaining the standard of care.