jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alterations in polyamine levels induced by phorbol diesters and other agents that promote differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (tumor promoters/putrescine/retinoic acid/anthralin/ornithine decarboxylase)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polyamine levels were evaluated in human HL- 60 promyelocytic leukemia cells after treatment with inducers of terminal differentiation. Differentiation in these cells was deter- mined by increases in the percentage of morphologically mature cells and in lysozyme activity. Treatment of the HL-60 cells with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), phorbol 12,13-dideca- noate or other inducers of terminal differentiation such as di- methylsulfoxide and retinoic acid resulted in increased levels of putrescine. However, no increase in putrescine could be detected after PMA treatment of a HL-60 cell variant that exhibited a de- creased susceptibility to PMA-induced terminal differentiation. Similarly, no increase in putrescine was observed with two non- tumor-promoters (phorbol 12,13-diacetate and 4-O-methyl-PMA) or with anthralin, a non-phorbol tumor promoter. In addition to enhancing putrescine levels, PMA also increased the amount of spermidine and decreased the amount of spermine. The increase in putrescine and spermidine preceded the expression of the var- ious differentiation markers. Unlike the changes observed in the polyamine levels after PMA treatment, the activities of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases, which are polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, did not significantly change. a-Methylor- nithine and a-difluoromethylornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), which are inhibitors of the polyamine bio- synthetic enzymes, did not affect differentiation in control or PMA-treated cells. Because of these observations, we suggest that the change in polyamine levels involve biochemical pathways other than the known biosynthetic ones. By-products of these pathways may perhaps be the controlling factors involved in the induction of terminal differentiation in the HL-60 and other cell types as well.
Patch reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with pulmonary valve insertion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although pulmonary regurgitation is generally well tolerated, reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and insertion of a pulmonary valve are indicated in some patients. This procedure was performed in 12 patients, ages 1 1/2-17 years (mean 10 years). Seven had tetralogy of Fallot; of these, one underwent primary repair with Glenn shunt takedown and six underwent repeat operations after previous repairs. Of these six, the major indication for reoperation was right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in four, tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation in one, and a residual ventricular septal defect and patent shunt in one. Three had absent pulmonary valve syndrome and two had pulmonary atresia. There were no early complications or deaths in this series during a mean follow-up of 28 months. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed in eight patients and revealed that the preoperative right ventricular-pulmonary artery gradient was reduced from 58 +/- 25 mm Hg to 11.6 +/- 7 mm Hg at rest postoperatively and was located at the level of the valve. This gradient increased with exercise or isoproterenol infusion to 31 +/- 9 mm Hg. Our experience suggests that right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with porcine valve insertion can be safely performed with good hemodynamic results. This technique allows insertion of a larger porcine valve and avoids kinking and compression of a conduit behind the sternum.
PSYCHOEMOTIC FEATURES, STATUS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA PATIENTS’ QUALITY OF LIFE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The worldwide pandemic of bronchial asthma (BA) is creating severe challenges for health care specialists. Asthma patients feature a number of psycho-emotional and cognitive impairments, mark the reduction of quality of life which limits response to therapy. The aim: to investigate psycho-emotional features, state of cognitive function and assess bronchial asthma patients quality of life. Materials and methods: 142 patients (61 men and 81 women) with bronchial asthma aged 19 - 57 y.o. were examined. The main group consisted of 78 patients with an uncontrolled course of asthma (UCBA). 64 patients with controlled asthma (CBA) were included in the comparison group. The subjective assessments of quality of life by questionnaire SF-36, assessment of asthma-dependent quality of life (AQLQ) was made. The patients’ emotional and psychological profile was assessed using the following tests and scales: MMSE, Montreal Scale for Assessing Cognitive Function, Hospital Alert and Depression (HADS) scale with a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the results. Results: According to the results obtained, the averaged profiles of the patients’ quality of life demonstrated the negative effects of asthma, especially its uncontrolled form. There were statistically significant differences in the quality of life in patients with UCBA according to the five criteria of the MOS SF-36 questionnaire as compared to the CBA group ( physical functioning, role-playing, caused by physical condition, general health, social functioning, viability). A comparison of the specific quality of life with the help of the AQLQ questionnaire revealed a significant negative effect of the uncontrolled course of the illness on the patients’ quality of life. The correlation analysis of the relationship between the course of asthma and the parameters of a specific life qality showed a close correlation between the level of asthma control and the overall evaluation of specific quality of life (r = 0 , 62; p < 0.001). The results of neuropsychological examinations in UCBA patients showed the presence of light predemention cognitive impairments. Manifestations of anxiety-depressive disorders were found in 44 (56.41%) patients in the main group, while in the comparison group, the symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed in 14 (21.88%) cases. Patients with UCBA noted a higher level of anxiety (11.5 ± 1.2 versus 6.9 ± 1.4, p <0.05), depression (8.3 ± 2.3 versus 5.6 ± 3.9) on the HADS scale compared with patients with CBA Conclusion: The psycho-emotional features revealed in UCBA patients can determine the prognosis of the disease and justify the expediency of additional diagnostic and therapeutic psychotherapeutic measures.
ATTITUDES TO RANDOMIZED TRIALS (1970S)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Medical education in the Protestant North West has for some time been more scientific than elsewhere. There are, however, still problems. There is resistance to the idea of randomised controlled trials in West Germany. An attempt was made to have them declared illegal. After lecturing in Germany on the value of randomised controlled trials in cardiovascular medicine, and after a rather violent discussion, I was taken aside by the chairman, who said, "Dr. Cochrane, you don't seem to understand. Controlled trials are done by the pharmaceutical industry. Gentlemen don't do them." It is difficult to interpret this particular remark, but I suspect that the feeling of shame about the Nazi medical pseudo-experimentation may be a factor.
A development model for integrated care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 5.120 (2020 JCR, received in June 2021)The IJIC 20th Anniversary Issue was published in 2021.
Shorea robusta: A sustainable biomass feedstock

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The biomass feedstock needs to be available in a manner that is sustainable as well as renewable. However, obtaining reliable and cost effective supplies of biomass feedstock produced in a sustainable manner can prove to be difficult. Traditional biomass, mainly in the form of fallen leaves, fuel wood or dried dung, has long been the renewable and sustainable energy source for cooking and heating. Present study accounts for the biomass of fallen leaves of Shorea robusta, also known as sal, sakhua or shala tree, in the campus of BIT Mesra (Ranchi). These leaves are being gathered and burnt rather than being sold commercially. They contain water to varying degrees which affects their energy content. Hence, measurement of moisture content is critical for its biomass assessment. The leaves were collected, weighed, oven dried at 100oC until constant weight, then dry sample was reweighed to calculate the moisture content that has been driven off. By subtraction of moisture content from the initial weight of leaves, biomass was calculated. Using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) the heat content of the leaves was calculated and the elemental analysis of leaf was done by CHNSO elemental analyser. Further, total biomass and carbon content of Sal tree was calculated using allometric equations so as to make a comparison to the biomass stored in dried fallen leaves
Bardet- Biedl Syndrome: case series and literature revision

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Its main characteristics are pigmentary retinopathy, obesity, polydactyly, learning disabilities, various degrees of intellectual disability, renal anomalies and hypogonadism. The objective of this study is to report two cases of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome in patients diagnosed at the Benjamin Constant Institute and to perform a literary review of the syndrome. Review of medical records and bibliographic research were made from the PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Currently, treatment for the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome does not exist, but early diagnosis is important to guide the child through a regular assessment of blood pressure, weight, renal imaging studies, eye exams and psychological support.
Frequency and Time Spreading for Uplink URLLC Transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new transmission scheme for uplink URLLC systems, which can coexist with the eMbb transmission while can still meet the reliability and latency requirements of the URLLC. The proposed scheme spreads the data in both time and frequency domains. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed and closed form expressions are derived. From the analytical results, we optimize the parameters including constellation levels, spreading length and transmit power to maximize the sum rate of the URLLC UE. Simulation results show that the proposed solution significantly improve the performance and the data rate can be up to 8.9 Mpbs in the LTE TDL-C nominal channel with co-existence and achieved URLLC requirements.
An EMC Study for Renewable Energy Applications Using AI Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, it has been established that hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) is an efficient tool in performing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) studies for power electronics systems in renewable energy applications. Indeed, a three-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) inverse method is presented for modeling and characterizing radiating sources using the near-field technique. The proposed method is based on time-domain (TD) analysis. AI-based techniques allow performing sources identification and classification with a guaranteed convergence and an adequate computing time. Indeed, the TD EM inverse method is coupled with a hybrid AI algorithm based on the implementation of a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm along with a Pseudo Zernike Moment Invariant (PZMI) descriptor and an artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed method is applied to a simulation of a structure with a transient radiation behavior, such as those used in renewable energy systems. Configuration parameters are fully mastered to avoid cumulative errors related to experimental measurements. A comparative study has been carried out between reference and estimated EM field distributions using TD inverse method based on the hybrid AI method on the one hand and on genetic algorithms (GA) on the other. Obtained results prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, in particular in terms of convergence speed and accuracy.
The Durkheimians and Human Geography: Some Contextural Problems in the Sociology of Knowledge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Previous discussions of the interactions between the French school of human geography and the French school of sociology before the First World War either ignore or gloss over a variety of contextural problems. These problems concern the definition of the members of the groups referred to as Durkheimians and Vidalians, as well as the interpretation of the published record indicating the nature of the differences between these two groups. This paper presents a discussion of some of these methodological difficulties, indicates a variety of both primary and secondary sources largely overlooked by previous writers assessing the interactions between Durkheimians and human geographers in the period, and suggests a number of underlying dimensions for organizing an analysis of how the positions and postures revealed in the writings of the two groups evolved over time.
Temporal Proteomic Analysis of Intestine Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis following Enteral Formula Feeding to Preterm Pigs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, frequently occurs in preterm neonates that fail to adapt to enteral nutrition. A temporal gel-based proteomics study was performed on porcine intestine with NEC lesions induced by enteral formula feeding. Functional assignment of the differentially expressed proteins revealed that important cellular functions, such as the heat shock response, protein processing; and purine, nitrogen, energy metabolism, were possible involved in the early progression of NEC.
Comparison of Power Factor Correction Controllers for CRM Boost Converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents modified critical conduction mode (CRM) boost converter for low and high-power applications. The main aim is to improve the power factor (PF) reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the CRM boost converter. The converter consists of EMI filter, bridge rectifier and a boost stage. The power factor correction (PFC) in ac-dc power conversions can improve PF and reduce THD. The CRM mode for this converter makes switches turn-on at zero current crossing and no reverse recovery losses for diodes. In this configuration the PI controller improves the PF and lowers THD value. The boost converter with variable on time (VOT) controller makes the circuit bulky and losses are more. In the proposed converter the PF and efficiency can be improved. Also, the controller reduces the size of the circuit and lower the THD. Hence CRM boost converter PFC controller based on PI controller is used to improve the above-mentioned parameters. Using MATLAB Simulink software, the existing and the modified controller is verified, and results proves the effectiveness of the controller for the CRM boost converter.
PID controls: the forgotten bioprocess parameters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The ambr250 high-throughput bioreactor platform was adopted to provide a highly-controlled environment for a project investigating genome instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, where genome instability leads to lower protein productivity. Development of the baseline (control) and stressed process conditions highlighted the need to control critical process parameters, including the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control loops. Process parameters that are often considered scale-independent, include dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH; however, these parameters were observed to be sensitive to PID settings. For many bioreactors, control loops are cascaded such that the manipulated variables are adjusted concurrently. Conversely, for the ambr250 bioreactor system, the control levels are segmented and implemented sequentially. Consequently, each control level must be tuned independently, as the PID settings are independent by control level. For the CHO cell studies, it was observed that initial PID settings did not resulted in a robust process, which was observed as elevated lactate levels; which was caused by the pH being above the setpoint most of the experiment. After several PID tuning iterations, new PID settings were found that could respond appropriately to routine feed and antifoam additions. Furthermore, these new PID settings resulted in more robust cell growth and increased protein productivity. This work highlights the need to describe PID gains and manipulated variable ranges, as profoundly different outcomes can result from the same feeding protocol. Additionally, improved process models are needed to allow process simulations and tuning. Thus, these tuning experiments support the idea that PID settings should be fully described in bioreactor publications to allow for better reproducibility of results.
Comparison of essential oil composition of Stachys menthifolia Vis. from two natural habitats in Croatia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stachys menthifolia Vis. is an endemic species from the Balkan Peninsula. Aerial parts of the plant were collected from its natural habitat near Dubrovnik. Hydrodistilled volatile oil obtained from the plant material of S. menthifolia was subjected to gas chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry. More than 70 compounds were identified, representing 94.5% of the total oil. The major constituents of the oil were diterpenoid abietatriene (11.7%), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons α-bisabolene (8.4%), and β-caryophyllene (7.4%). Presented results are comparable to our previous findings on essential oil composition of the same species from Biokovo Mountain, with small differences in quantitative and qualitative constitution of the oil. Although plants belonging to the Stachys genus show significant variability in their chemical compositions depending on the location and stage of plant development, this work indicates that chemical polymorphism of endemic S. menthifolia does not manifest in the region of Croatian Mediterranean area.
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales [3 volumes]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Folk and fairy tales exist in all cultures and are at the heart of civilization. This massiveEncyclopediagives students and general readers a broad, multicultural survey of folk and fairy tales from around the world. Included are hundreds of alphabetically arranged entries written by numerous expert contributors. Entries cover themes and motifs, individuals, characters and character types, national traditions, genres, and a range of other topics. Each entry cites works for further reading, and theEncyclopediacloses with a bibliography of print and electronic resources. Literature students will welcome this book as an aid to understanding and analyzing folk and fairy tales as literary forms, while social studies students will appreciate it as an exploration of the essence of world cultures. Folk and fairy tales exist in all cultures and are at the heart of civilization. The most comprehensive work of its kind, this massiveEncyclopediagives students and general readers a broad, accessible, multicultural survey of folk and fairy tales from around the world. Edited by one of the foremost authorities on the subject, theEncyclopediadraws on the work of numerous expert contributors and covers a broad range of themes and motifs, characters and character types, genres, individuals, national traditions, and other topics. Entry topics were chosen in consultation with a nine-member Advisory Board that includes some of the most prominent scholars currently pursuing the study of folk and fairy tales, such as Professor Jack Zipes of the University of Minnesota, whose work has revolutionized research on fairy tales. Entries cite works for further reading, and theEncyclopediacloses with a bibliography of print and electronic resources. Literature students will value this book as an aid to understanding and analyzing folk and fairy tales as literary forms, while social studies students will appreciate the book's examination of the foundations of world cultures. And because many of these tales continue to influence films, television, and popular culture, general readers will welcome theEncyclopediaas a means of understanding the modern world.
Incentives and culture in risk compliance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the finance industry, risk compliance has become an important issue after numerous policy violations resulting in significant costs for financial institutions and society as a whole. We run a lab-in-the-field experiment with 269 finance professionals, to investigate the effects of financial incentives and workplace culture on risk compliance. Relative to variable remuneration (linked to expected profits), fixed remuneration increases the proportion of people complying by as much as 25.1 percentage points. This is achieved with no diminution in productivity. Relative to a profit-focused workplace culture, a risk-focused workplace culture increases the proportion of people complying by 16.3 percentage points.
Comparison of Russian norms (SNiPs) and European norms (Eurocodes) for road and railway bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of the study was to learn Russian and European building norms. Russian building norms are presented as SNiPs and European as Eurocodes, National Annexes and NCCI-series. The main reason for this study was to learn what are the main differences between Russian and European norms in the field of bridge engineering. The working process was organized with the help of Liikennevirasto. \n\nIn the theoretical part of the study the main issue was to learn the norms and to find out the main differences between the two types. Also, there was some calculation to see the differences. The information for the thesis was collected from different books, web links, by interviewing, but most of the information was taken from building norms SNiPs and Eurocodes in bridge engineering. \n\nThe results of the study show that there are big differences between Russian and European norms. At the end of the working process the table of safety factors was made. In short, there are differences between systems of norms in general, between calculation methods, the values of different parameters. The analyzes of the summary table and all the chapters confirm these differences.
Foresight and innovation: emergence and resilience of the Cleantech Cluster at Lahti, Finland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past 20 years, the innovation system approach has significantly enhanced our understanding of the innovation process, stressing its non-linear, systemic, interactive and evolutionary character. The notion of regional innovation systems (RISs) highlights the regional dimension of new knowledge generation and exploitation and constitutes a powerful concept for explaining regional differences in innovation capacity. RISs can be conceptualised as the set of firms, organisations and institutions which influence the innovative behaviour and economic performance at the regional level (Cooke et al. 2000, 2004; Asheim and Gertler 2005). They are shaped by existing industry structures and technology paths, the set of knowledge organisations, and the prevailing institutions and networks. As a consequence, they exhibit a high degree of inertia. This may lead to phenomena of path dependency and 'lock-in' in particular regions and to a certain degree of stability in terms of regional disparities in innovation and economic development.