jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bayesian methods for change‐point detection in long‐range dependent processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We describe a Bayesian method for detecting structural changes in a long‐range dependent process. In particular, we focus on changes in the long‐range dependence parameter, d , and changes in the process level, μ . Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used to estimate the posterior probability and size of a change at time t , along with other model parameters. A time‐dependent Kalman filter approach is used to evaluate the likelihood of the fractionally integrated ARMA model characterizing the long‐range dependence. The method allows for multiple change points and can be extended to the long‐memory stochastic volatility case. We apply the method to three examples, to investigate a change in persistence of the yearly Nile River minima, to investigate structural changes in the series of durations between intraday trades of IBM stock on the New York Stock Exchange, and to detect structural breaks in daily stock returns for the Coca Cola Company during the 1990s.
Intramuscular hemangioma: a benign tumor masquerading as malignant soft tissue tumor. Report of two cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report two cases of intramuscular hemangiomas, one arising from the left flank region of a 33-year-old female, and another from the mid right back of a 25-year-old man. In both cases the tumor masqueraded as malignancy and required a biopsy for correct diagnosis. Intramuscular hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor. Its tendency to deep location, infiltrative border, and fixity to surrounding tissues may cause it to be confused with malignant soft tissue tumors. Preoperative biopsy of the lesion is advised, and histopathologic examination is the only way to make a definitive diagnosis. Wide excision of the lesion is the treatment of choice. Follow up is required for any late recurrences.
Burnout & Work Engagement on the Front Lines: Public Service Motivation & Law Enforcement Officers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Drawing on job demands-resources theory, our study investigates the role of public service motivation can play maintaining high engagement and lowering the likelihood of burnout among frontline officers. Although there is extensive literature on how PSM affects public sector employees generally, less research looks at PSM and law enforcement officers especially in the U.S. As enforcement organizations continue to respond to respond to calls for improvements in accountability and expand their community engagement efforts, they must also take steps to guard officers against the emotional exhaustion and burnout associated with serving the public in difficult jobs and under high pressure and scrutiny. Using survey data collected from large state-level law enforcement organization at multiple time periods, we find consistent evidence supporting the expected positive association between PSM and officer work engagement. Contrary to our expectation, we also observe a weak positive relationship between PSM and reports of burnout among frontline officers in 2019 and no evidence of a relationship in 2021. These findings suggest that PSM can serve as a lever to improve officer engagement and that there may be potential conditions under which PSM may exacerbate rather than mitigate employee burnout.
‘Accidentalizing’ a Nationalist Conflict: The Spy Plane Collision Incident (April 2001)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On 1 April 2001, almost two years after the Bombing, an American EP-3 reconnaissance plane (conveniently referred to as a 'spy plane') and a Chinese F-8 war plane collided over the South China Sea. The Chinese plane was destroyed and its pilot, Wang Wei, went missing; the American plane was forced to land at Hainan Airport. The body of the pilot was never found. This incident in many ways resembled the Bombing, but whether the exact spot where the aerial incident occurred belonged to China or was in international territory was open to dispute. Unlike the Bombing, which was treated by China as a 'non-accident', the Collision was defined by the party-state as an accident. The 'accidentalization' constitutes the setting for the second case study and points to the different outcome in this case.KeywordsChinese PeoplePremature EjaculationCrew MemberOrdinary CitizenBush AdministrationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Cooling of Particulate Solids and Fluid in a Moving Bed Heat Exchanger

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The current technical brief is to analytically solve the coupled energy equations governing the thermal phenomenon of particulate solids and cooling fluid present inside moving bed heat exchangers constructed via a parallel plate system. The prime concern is to analytically evaluate the cooling effects of a heat sink (absorbent) placed within the media on the particulate and fluid and hence to obtain the relevant temperature fields for the latter. In the absence of such a source term, the solutions collapse onto the recent literature. Results clearly demonstrate how an effective cooling can be achieved with a heat sink mounted on industrial moving bed heat exchangers. Particularly, the existence of an energy sink results in cooler solid particles as compared to the flowing fluid.
Known loci in the KIT and TYR genes do not explain the depigmented white coat colour of Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Italian Asinara donkey and the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey share an identical coat colour phenotype which is characterised by unpigmented skin, white hair, white hooves and blue eyes. Whereas for the Asinara donkey the white coat colour phenotype was assigned to a recessive inherited missense mutation in the Tyrosinase gene (TYR), the underlying genetic background in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey has not been studied yet. Historical documents derived by the presence of Austro-Hungarian prisoners in the Asinara Island during the First World War might suggest a possible common origin of the same coat colour phenotype in the two breeds. Genotyping of this mutation in the TYR gene and the loci in the KIT gene associated with Dominant White and White Spotting phenotype, revealed, that none of the mutated alleles segregated in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque Donkey breed. Also sequencing analysis of the TYR gene did not result in the detection of further candidate variants. Therefore, the TYR gene can be excluded as a possible candidate gene for this specific coat colour in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey. This result excludes a common genetic origin of the white coat colour of the Asinara and White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkeys that historical documents could have suggested.HighlightsHistorical information indicated that the white (albino) Asinara donkey breed and the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey breed could be genetically related.The TYR mutation identified in Asinara donkeys and known polymorphic sites in the KIT gene associated with depigmented white coat colour in donkeys do not segregate in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque Donkey.Due to different underlying genetic background of one identical phenotype in two populations, no common ancestors can be assumed between Asinara donkey and White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey throughout the last century. Historical information indicated that the white (albino) Asinara donkey breed and the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey breed could be genetically related. The TYR mutation identified in Asinara donkeys and known polymorphic sites in the KIT gene associated with depigmented white coat colour in donkeys do not segregate in the White Austro-Hungarian Baroque Donkey. Due to different underlying genetic background of one identical phenotype in two populations, no common ancestors can be assumed between Asinara donkey and White Austro-Hungarian Baroque donkey throughout the last century.
Glutathione S-transferases of 28kDa as major vaccine candidates against schistosomiasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

For the development of vaccine strategies to generate efficient protection against chronic infections such as parasitic diseases, and more precisely schistosomiasis, controlling pathology could be more relevant than controlling the infection itself. Such strategies, motivated by the need for a cost-effective complement to existing control measures, should focus on parasite molecules involved in fecundity, because in metazoan parasite infections pathology is usually linked to the output of viable eggs. In numerous animal models, vaccination with glutathione S-transferases of 28kDa has been shown to generate an immune response strongly limiting the worm fecundity, in addition to the reduction of the parasite burden. Recent data on acquired immunity directed to 28GST in infected human populations, and new development to draw adapted vaccine formulations, are presented.
Joint Estimation of Risk Preference Structure and Technology Using Expo‐Power Utility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A method is developed to permit joint estimation of risk preference structure, degree of risk aversion, and production technology. The method is implemented using the Expo‐Power utility function, which imposes no restrictions on risk preference structure. The empirical application uses data from a sample of Kansas wheat farmers. Evidence rejects the null hypothesis of risk neutrality and suggests that Kansas farmers exhibit decreasing absolute risk aversion and increasing relative risk aversion. Results also show that combined estimation of production function parameters with the utility function parameter is more efficient than is separate estimation of each.
A Study on Sloutions to the Pork Traceability of Supply Chain in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Firstly,this paper discusses the significance of the pork traceability system.Secondly,it analyzes the current situation and problems of the domestic pig supply chain,combined with the problems that exist in the traceability system of the existing pilot cities.Finally,putting forward solutions and recommendations in order to benefit of the construction of China's pork traceability system.
Oketsu Syndrome Relationship between Brain MRI Findings and the Condition of the Back of the Tongue in Disequilibrium Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oketsu syndrome, a condition characterized by chronic microcircular stagnation in the tissues, is an important concept in Kampo medicine. Since it is often diagnosed by observation of the patient's tongue, we examined the relationship between the status of the back of the tongue (venous expansion of the profound lingual vein and a very small varix: “Sho-ten” means a small point) and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the brain in patients (40.0%) who had a very small varix in the back of the tongue had one or more small infarctions in the brain. However, of the 39 patients (7.7%) without a very small varix, only three had infarctions. There was no significant relationship between the venous expansion of the profound lingual vein and the MRI findings. The existence of a very small varix in the back of tongue would appear to be an important indicator of chronic microcircular stagnation in the brain in patients complaining of balance disorders.
Metaphase I centromere co-orientation in interchange heterozygotes of pearl millet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Using interchanges T(1, 3) and T(3, 6) of Pennisetum americanum orientation types of the interchange multiple at MI were studied in different genetic backgrounds. Orientation types alternate 1 and alternate 2, in addition to adjacent 1, adjacent 2 and indefinite could be identified for both the interchanges. The relative frequencies of various orientation types were influenced by a change in the genetic background. For these interchanges, homologous centromeres do not seem to play a predominant role in the co-orientation of interchange multiple. The non-homologous co-orientation types were more subjected to genetic regulation than the homologous co-orientations.
Effects of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Chloroform Extract on the Enzymatic Activity and Metabolism of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The chemical composition and antimicrobial mechanism of action of black pepper chloroform extract (BPCE) were investigated, as well as the potential antibacterial activities of BPCE against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . The results showed that 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1a α ,4a α ,7 β ,7a, β ,7b α .)]- (8.39%) and 2-methylene-4,8,8-trimethyl-4-vinyl-bicyclo[5.2.0]nonane (6.92%) were identified as the two primary components of BPCE. The release of intracellular transaminases from bacteria after being incubated with BPCE revealed that the bacterial cell walls and membranes were degraded and that protein synthesis was inhibited to some extent. The inhibition of bacterial Na + /K + -ATPase activity upon the addition of BPCE also indicated an enhanced permeability of bacterial cell membranes. Moreover, an analysis of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities showed that BPCE affected the metabolic rate of glycolysis and disrupted the normal metabolism of bacteria. This phenomenon was supported by an observed accumulation of lactic acid (LA) in the treated bacterial cells. Overall, our results indicated that BPCE damaged bacterial cell walls and membranes, which was followed by a disruption of bacterial cell respiration.
Advances in Geoheritage Mapping: Application to Iconic Geomorphological Examples from the Italian Landscape

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the framework of geosite management, specific targeted symbols for geomorphological legends are still lacking. Concerning geosites of geomorphological interest, geomorphological mapping requires targeted symbols in relation to goals and applications, either concerning geomorphic hazards and risk detection or the enhancement of resources, in particular those related to cultural heritage and, hence, geoheritage. A new methodology for mapping geo(morpho)heritage on geomorphological maps is presented in this paper. Nine iconic examples from the Italian landscape, selected in different morphogenetic and morphoclimatic contexts, are proposed to test the methodology in relation to point, polyline and polygon features. Moreover, guidelines for mapping are suggested according to the importance of the site and to the complexity of processes characterizing each case study.
Influence of near-surface nonstoichiometry on the surface magnetization of mixed-valent manganite: A computer simulation study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to examine the effects of near-surface nonstoichiometry in a mixed-valent manganite (e.g., La0.7A0.3MnO3, where A=Sr, Ca) on the magnetization of its surface, and that of a few layers underneath. The nonstoichiometry is introduced either in the form of oxygen vacancy gradient or a gradient in the La:A ratio. The corresponding gradient in the exchange constant J is incorporated phenomenologically from the known phase diagram [P. Schiffer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3356 (1995)]. We show that the near-surface nonstoichiometry can account for the temperature dependence of magnetization of the surface layers as revealed by photoemission and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (X-MCD) experiments [J. Park et al., Nature (London) 392, 794 (1998); J. Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1953 (1998)]. The demagnetization shows viscous fingeringlike protrusions which may have important consequences for spin-polarized transport across interfaces.
Hypersensitivity to a Synthetic Polypeptide: Induction of a Delayed Reaction

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A multichain copolypeptide, p (Tyr,Glu)-pAla-- p Lys, induced in guinea pigs a prolonged state of delayed hypersensitivity not associated with detectable circulating antibodies. Cross reactions of the delayed type were observed with chemically related polypeptides.
Intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema in routine clinical practice in Latin America: the AQUILA study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background AQUILA (NCT03470103) was a prospective, observational, 12-month cohort study to understand treatment patterns and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in patients from Latin America with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods Treatment-naïve and previously treated (switching to IVT-AFL) patients (aged ≥ 18 years) were enrolled from March 2018, with a primary completion date of September 2020, from Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. Patients received IVT-AFL in a routine clinical practice setting. Results Of 258 patients in the full analysis set, 181 were treatment-naïve and 77 had received previous treatment. The mean ± standard deviation number of IVT-AFL injections by Month 12 was 3.7 ± 1.8 (treatment-naïve) and 4.0 ± 2.2 (previously treated). The median duration from diagnosis to IVT-AFL treatment was 1.8 months (treatment-naïve) and 16.0 months (previously treated). Mean best-corrected visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) improved from baseline to Month 12 by + 8.1 ± 17.7 (treatment-naïve; baseline: 54.5 ± 19.4) and + 4.6 ± 15.4 letters (previously treated; baseline: 52.9 ± 18.6). Conclusion AQUILA is the first study to assess the use of IVT-AFL in routine clinical practice in Latin America. Despite few patients being treated with the label-recommended regimen of 5 initial monthly doses or receiving ≥ 8 injections in 12 months, functional and anatomic visual outcomes improved during 12 months of treatment with IVT-AFL. Patients receiving the label-recommended number of injections had numerically greater improvements in visual acuity outcomes. Patients with DME treated regularly and more frequently with IVT-AFL therefore have the potential to achieve outcomes consistent with those observed in interventional studies. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03470103. Registered February 5, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03470103
Clinical Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lutein with High Bio-Accessibility on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Contrast Sensitivity: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Group Comparison Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Improvements in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and contrast sensitivity after administration of 12 mg lutein alone and the timing at which efficacy is observed remain unknown. Therefore, lutein (12 mg), a crystalline formulation, was used in this study, considering its bioaccessibility. This study aimed to determine the effects of lutein administration for 16 weeks on MPOD, contrast sensitivity, and glare sensitivity, and changes in serum lutein levels were determined. The study subjects comprised 59 healthy male and female adults aged 20–69 years. The study diet included a placebo (placebo group) or a diet supplemented with 12 mg of lutein (lutein group). Each study diet was continuously administered for 16 weeks. At weeks 8 and 16, MPOD, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, and serum lutein levels were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, the lutein group showed significantly improved MPOD, contrast sensitivity, and glare sensitivity at week 16 and significantly increased serum lutein levels at weeks 8 and 16. Continuous administration of lutein for 16 weeks, considering its bioaccessibility, increased MPOD; it made the outlines of visible objects clearer and was effective in inhibiting decreases in visual function caused by glare from light.
Cloned natural suppressor cells prevent lethal graft-vs-host disease.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cloned natural suppressor (NS) cell lines derived from the spleens of TLI-treated adult BALB/c or neonatal BALB/c mice were assayed for their ability to inhibit acute GVHD in vivo. Two assay systems were used to measure GVHD: spleen enlargement of F1 hybrid neonates, and mortality of sublethally irradiated homozygous weanling mice after the i.p. injection of fresh allogeneic spleen cells. Both lines of NS cells significantly reduced GVHD, but the control HT-2 cell line (T cell line of BALB/c origin) did not affect GVHD. The NS cells reduced GVHD regardless of the strain combination of the donor and recipient. Thus, suppression occurred without restriction by the major histocompatibility complex, and without antigenic specificity.
Present Status of R&D for Superconducting Flywheels.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Superconducting flywheels store energy in a rotating wheel that is supported by superconducting magnetic bearings. The superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) consists of a bulk superconductor stator and a permanent magnet rotor. The rotor is levitated by the pinning force of the bulk superconductor. The SMB has lower rotational loss than conventional mechanical bearings and is suitable for long-term energy storage such as the diurnal load leveling of electric power. Research and development of a 10kWh system and a 100kWh SMB module using radial-type SMBs are being conducted by ISTEC, Shikoku Research Institute Inc., Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Imra Material R & D Co., Sumitomo Special Metals Co. and Koyo Seiko Co. as a NEDO project. As a long-term goal, the NEDO project aims to develop a 10MWh power storage system to level diurnal power load. The group of Chubu Electric Power Co. and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries fabricated a thrust-type SMB of 620mm in diameter. Argonne National Laboratory tested a 2.25kWh system using a hybrid bearing consisting of SMBs and permanent magnet bearings. A 10kWh system was studied by Boeing Co. as a SPI (Superconductivity Partnership Initiatives) project in the USA.
Characterization of Free-range Indigenous Chicken Production System in North-East India (Assam)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was undertaken in four agro-climatic zones of Assam to explore the existing free-range indigenous chicken farming system.Data were collected from 200 farmers, selected randomly by personal interviews with structured questionnaire.Results on existing free-range chicken production system were analyzed and documented.The overall mean age of the chicken farmer was 37.95±0.77years.The primary purpose of chicken rearing was to meet day to day petty expenses (49.50%) and selfconsumption (24.50%).The overall mean flock size recorded as 29.79±0.28number per household and the flocks were mostly comprised of chicks.Majority (63%) of the chicken coop were constructed inside the dwelling house without any specifications with locally available materials.The study also indicated that indigenous chicken production was characterized by scavenging with supplemental feeds.Primarily home produced eggs were used for natural incubation by broody hen or duck.Newcastle (Ranikhet) disease was the most fatal disease that caused heavy mortality in indigenous chicken flock as reported by 84.5 per cent of the respondents.Farmers seldom vaccinated their birds against any diseases, but none of them practiced deworming.Chickens were mostly sold as live chicken.Eggs were mostly collected from farmers' doorstep by hawkers.The study indicated that the indigenous chicken played a significant role in nutritional and livelihood of rural smallholders. HIGHLIGHTSm Majority of the chicken farmers were women.m The main purpose of rearing indigenous was to meet day to day petty expenses.