jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gratitude in Creation and in Grace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Greggs examines how creaturely gratitude has been disrupted by the Fall, but is restored by grace. Rather than accepting the Thomist or Calvinist account of gratitude as an obligation, stemming from the Fall, Greggs sees true creaturely gratitude as movement within grace, in anticipation of redemption; an outpouring of thankfulness into all areas of life.
The Iconography of the Gothic Ciborium in Rome, c. 1285-1370

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are four Gothic ciboria in Rome today: one in S. Paolo, executed by Arnolfo di Cambio (c.1240-1302) in 1285, one in S. Cecilia, also by Arnolfo di Cambio, made in 1293, one in S. Maria in Cosmedin, made by Deodato di Cosma (active c.1290-1305) in 1296, and, finally, one in S. Giovanni in Laterano, attributed to Giovanni di Stefano (active c.1365-1395) and assistants, which was carried out between 1367-1369. The ones made by Arnolfo and Deodato are altar ciboria, while the one in Lateran...
Model for predicting ground surface settlement by field measuring and numerical analysis in shield TBM tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

본 연구는 쉴드 TBM을 적용한 국내 지하철 현장의 계측 자료를 분석하고 기존 이론식에 의한 모델 및 수치해석 결과와의 비교를 통해 보다 간편한 지표침하 예측 S-모델을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 전체 굴착 구간 중, 대표 station을 선정하여 횡방향 지표침하 특성과 굴착 진행에 따른 종방향 지표침하 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 횡방향 지표침하 형태는 이완영역과 탄성영역으로 구성된다고 가정하고 실제 계측 자료와의 비교를 통해 최대 지표침하량과 침하 영향 범위를 산정할 수 있는 모델을 제안하였다. 이에 의하면 굴착 진행에 따른 종방향 지표침하 형태는 3차 함수 특성과 유사하였으며 각각의 계수를 터널 직경 및 토피고의 함수로 하여 S-모델을 제안하였고, 실제 계측 값 및 수치해석 결과와 상당히 유사한 형태의 지표침하를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 통해 다소 연약한 풍화토, 풍화암 지층을 통과하는 쉴드 TBM 굴착 시공 시, 간편 S-모델을 이용하여 굴착에 따른 지표침하의 예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, more convenient model(S-model) for predicting ground surface settlement is developed through comparing field monitoring data of the domestic subway applied shield TBM method with conventional equation & numerical analysis. Sample stations are chosen from whole of excavation section and lateral & vertical ground surface settlement characteristic with excavation are analysed. Based on analysis result, through the comparison with actual monitoring data, the model that is possible to compute maximum surface settlement and settlement influence area is suggested with assumption that lateral surface settlement forms are composed relaxed zone and elastic zone. In addition, vertical ground surface settlement patterns with excavation are similar to cubic-function and S-model with assumption that coefficients are function of tunnel diameter and depth is suggested. Consequently, the ground surface settlement patterns are significantly similar to actual monitoring data and numerical method result. Thus, as a result, when tunnels are excavated using sheild TBM through rather soft weathered soil & rock layer, prediction of ground surface settlement with excavation using convenient S-model is practicable.
Supplementary Figure from Preclinical Modeling of Leiomyosarcoma Identifies Susceptibility to Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors through Antagonism of E2F-Driven Oncogenic Gene Expression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Figure from Preclinical Modeling of Leiomyosarcoma Identifies Susceptibility to Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors through Antagonism of E2F-Driven Oncogenic Gene Expression
Efferent-induced shifts in synchronized-spontaneous-otoacoustic-emission magnitude and frequency

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Synchronized-spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SSOAEs) present as slow-decaying emission energy that persists after the transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE). SSOAEs possess high amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios, making them potentially ideal candidates to assay the medial-olivocochlear reflex (MOCR). The current work quantified MOCR-induced changes to SSOAEs over a 36-dB stimulus level range and compared MOCR effects between TEOAE- and SSOAE-based assays. Otoacoustic emissions were evoked using band limited clicks from 52 to 88 dB peak sound pressure level (pSPL) with and without contralateral-acoustic stimulation (CAS) in 25 normal-hearing, female adults. The CAS was 50-dB sound pressure level (SPL) broadband noise and served to activate the MOCR. The number of SSOAEs increased with the stimulus level through approximately 70 dB pSPL. The presentation of CAS resulted in fewer SSOAEs. SSOAEs exhibited compressive growth and approached saturation for stimulus levels of 70 dB pSPL. The primary effects of CAS were a reduction in the SSOAE magnitude and an upward shift in the SSOAE frequency. These changes were not strongly affected by the stimulus level. Time-domain analysis of the SSOAE revealed an increase in the CAS-induced magnitude shift during the decay portion of the SSOAE. Compared to CAS-induced TEOAE magnitude shifts, SSOAE magnitude shifts were typically 2–3 dB larger. Findings support SSOAEs as a means to assay the MOCR.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A review of available data on the epidemiology of breast cancer indicated the following: ( a ) a remarkable stability of the trend of mortality from female breast cancer in the United States since 1930; ( b ) Japan has the lowest death rate for female breast cancer, and Japan and Finland for male breast cancer, in the world; ( c ) the logarithm of the age-specific death rates from female breast cancer can be resolved into two linear components with the slope of the rates prior to 40–45 years of age being greater than the slope of those after 40–45 years of age; a similar change of slope, although to a lesser degree was observed for males. It was noted that for females this age group corresponded to the time of menopause; ( d ) female patients with breast cancer were more frequently never married or, when married, married at a later age than women in general. Since female breast cancer patients more often gave a history of having had artificial menopause and single women had had artificial menopause less frequently than married women, it was hypothesized that the single-married differences may reflect the differences in frequency of artificial menopause among single and married women; ( e ) the inverse relationship between frequency and length of nursing with female breast is far from being conclusive; ( f ) studies show that females with benign breast disease have an excess risk of developing breast cancer, but more definitive studies are needed; ( g ) studies show the existence of familial aggregation of breast cancer among both males and females; ( h ) a study of male breast cancer patients indicated that a larger proportion of them had a history of orchitis, orchiectomy, therapeutic x-ray exposure and benign breast disease. These data were interpreted as suggesting the influence of hormonal factors as being of importance in the etiology of breast cancer, but more definitive and precise studies are needed. A program of epidemiological research was outlined emphasizing the need for integrating laboratory investigations with the field epidemiological studies.
Characterization of genes used as selectable markers for the development of genetic sexing strains for SIT applications against tephritid pest species using CRISPR/Cas9

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic sexing strains (GSSs) play a crucial role in the sterile insect technique (SIT), a powerful method employed in insect pest control and population management. SIT involves releasing sterile insects into target areas to suppress, eradicate, control, and prevent pest populations. However, in some cases, to ensure the effectiveness of this technique, it is essential to release only sterile males, as the females can still cause damage by laying eggs and/or biting. Male-only releases can be achieved by using GSSs, which are currently based on two selectable markers essential for sex separation and female elimination at the embryonic stage: the yet unknown temperature-sensitive lethal (tsl) gene and the recently identified white pupae (wp) gene, which have been used in the most successful GSSs developed thus far, the Ceratitis capitata (medfly) VIENNA 7 and VIENNA 8. In this work, I present three studies to narrow down the region where the Ceratitis capitata tsl gene is located and to identify tsl gene(s) and their causal mutation(s) responsible for the temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype. In the first study, I carried out temperature-sensitive lethal tests to determine the temperature sensitivity of twenty-seven Ceratitis capitata wild-type, genetic sexing, and tsl mutant strains, to assess differences among populations of different origins and to choose reference strains for the following investigations. In the second study, I used a combined approach of genomic, transcriptomic, bioinformatic, and cytogenetic data to characterize and analyze the putative tsl genomic region in Ceratitis capitata. This resulted in the identification of several potential candidate genes within the tsl region that could be associated with the temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype. These findings shed light on the underlying genetic mechanisms behind this phenotype and provide valuable insights for further investigations. In the third study, one of the potential tsl candidate genes previously identified, the deep orange (Ccdor) gene, was chosen to be targeted via CRISPR/Cas9 and to assess whether this triggers any temperature- sensitive lethal phenotype. I used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NHEJ to knock out the Ccdor gene and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR to successfully introduce a specific point mutation found in the tsl mutant strain. The latter resulted in the isolation of two additional mutations, leading to a temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype during embryonic, larval, and pupal stages. The results of this work represent steps forward for identifying potential markers that can be used to construct new GSSs in tephritids.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from stool samples of hospitalized diarrheal patients in Bangladesh

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out to investigate the drug resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. from diarrheal patients of under 5 years of age. Collected stool samples from the hospitalized diarrheal patients were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. Among 350 stool samples from diarrheal patients, 15 (4%) were positive for the Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the identified Salmonella spp. was performed according to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Eight commonly used antibiotics including azithromycin (15 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), Sulphamethaxole-trimethoprim (25 μg), metronidazole (50 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), doxycycline (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg) and ciprofloxacin (5 μg) used to determine drug resistance pattern of the identified Salmonella spp. Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant showed resistance against more than three drugs. 73% of Salmonella spp. was resistant to 2-4 drugs and 20% showed resistance to more than 5 drugs. We found that 100% Salmonella showed resistance to metronidazole and 87% were resistant to erythromycin. 7% isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and doxycycline and 20% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem worldwide and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. This kind of situation, leads to great socioeconomic losses from the perspective of the patient, the hospital, and the whole society. To get rid form the drug resistance problem unnecessary, over and misuse of antibiotics should immediately prohibited and policy of judicious use of antibiotics should be strengthened.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 534-538
Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dialium guineense (Jacq) Fruit Pulp

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treatment of cancer, headache, pains and other diseases. Dialium guineeseThis study was designed to evaluate the physicohemical parameters and antioxidant free radical scavenging activity of the Fruit Pulp.: The seed pulp was evaluated for moisture content, ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble and Materials and methods alcohol soluble extractive values using standard procedures.The fruit pulp was extracted successively by maceration using nhexane, ethyl acetate and methanol.The phytochemical screening for the presence of saponins, phenolic compounds, steroids/triterpenoids, cardiac glycosides, vitamin C and carbohydrates were evaluated using standard methods.The free radical scavenging activity was determined using DPPH.The results of for moisture content, ash value, acid Results and conclusion: insoluble ash, water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive values were found to be 4.0 %, 3.0 %, 1.5 %, 10.5 % and 6.0 % respectively.The results are within the acceptable limit of most crude drugs stated in various Pharmacopoeias.The methanol gave the highest percentage yield (12.94%), followed by ethyl acetate (0.22%) and then n-hexane with the least percentage yield of 0.15%.This observed trend may due to differences in polarity of the extracting solvent.The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, phenolic compounds, steroids/triterpenoids, cardiac glycosides and vitamin C. Alkaloid was found to absent in all the extracts.The TLC profiling of the various extracts showed several spots of compounds with different R values.The f qualitative screening of the presence of free radical scavenging compounds by TLC using DPPH showed that the n-hexane and the methanol extracts were highly active while the ethyl acetate extract was moderately active.The determination of free in vitro radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract at concentrations of 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL, showed a decrease in percentage inhibition from 19.82%, 5.61% and 1.92%.The activity demonstrated by the methanol extract was concentration dependent.On the other hand, the activity demonstrated by the ascorbic acid (standard) was far greater when compared with the methanol extract.At concentration of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL, the percentage inhibition of the ascorbic acid decreases from 70.35%, 60.10% and 58.94%.The free radical scavenging activity demonstrated by the extracts has revealed the potential of as a good source of antioxidant.
MOESM2 of Mining and genomic characterization of resistance to tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), and Fusarium head blight in Watkins core collection of wheat landraces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Geographical distribution of Watkins landrace cultivars (LCs) and their response to A) tan spot Ptr race 1; B) tan spot Ptr race 5; C) SNB; and D) FHB. Red and blue spots represent resistant and susceptible LCs respectively. The figure was created using the open-source application QGIS (Version 3.8.3) and an open-source map (OpenStreetMap plugin). Figure S2. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of 118 Watkins LCs of wheat. In the PCA plot, the small colored dots representing the LCs and they were colored according to three different populations (P1: Population 1, P2: Population 2, and P3: Population 3) identified by (Winfield et al. 2018) using all 804 Watkins LCs and 35â€‰K SNPs.
Syntheses, Structure, and Properties of a Novel CobaltMetal-Organic Framework

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel cobalt metal-organic framework {[Co2(ltzdc)2(bpe)]·bpe·4H2O}n, MOF (1), has been synthesized by hydrolysis of letrozole (H2ltzdc) and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) coligand under hydrothermal conditions. Structure of MOF (1) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The central Co(II) adopts a distorted tetrahedral coordination configuration and is extended by ltzdc and bpe ligands to form a three-dimensional (3D) pillar-layered framework existing in a 3-fold interpenetrated mode. The powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that the MOF (1) upon heating transforms into MOF (2), that has a retentively porous structure, upon removal of the guest molecules by heating at 300°C in the air. The preliminary antibacterial activity tests indicate MOF (2) as an antibacterial compound against Bacillus subtilis.
Comparing the Ultrasonography Diagnostic Value with Standard Radiography in Detecting Nasal Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Nasal bone fractures are the most typical kind of facial injuries. In recent years, ultrasonography has been suggested as an alternative method for detecting maxillofacial fractures. It can eliminate the risk of radiation exposure, especially in children and pregnant women. The objective of present study was to compare the diagnostic competency of conventional radiography with ultrasonography in the diagnosis of nasal injuries specially, fractures. Method: In prospective research, 331 patients with a history of midfacial trauma were enrolled. Following clinical examination, radiographs were obtained in lateral and occipitomental views. Ultrasonography was performed by an experienced sonologist, blinded to clinical findings in right and left lateral sides in addition to nasal dorsum. Images were analyzed by an experienced radiologist. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of radiology and US were determined by comparing their results with findings of the clinical examination as the gold standard. Results: In assessment of nasal fractures the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were 97.79% and 97.66%, respectively; while for radiography these two factors were 81.21% and 86.66%, respectively. Based on the Chi-square test, ultrasonography was notably greater to radiography in diagnosing nasal fractures (P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared with radiography, ultrasonography had a higher sensitivity and specifity in detecting nasal fractures and seems to be an adequate method for the diagnosis of nasal fractures.
Models of utricular bouton afferents: role of afferent-hair cell connectivity in determining spike train regularity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Vestibular bouton afferent terminals in turtle utricle can be categorized into four types depending on their location and terminal arbor structure: lateral extrastriolar (LES), striolar, juxtastriolar, and medial extrastriolar (MES). The terminal arbors of these afferents differ in surface area, total length, collecting area, number of boutons, number of bouton contacts per hair cell, and axon diameter (Huwe JA, Logan CJ, Williams B, Rowe MH, Peterson EH. J Neurophysiol 113: 2420–2433, 2015). To understand how differences in terminal morphology and the resulting hair cell inputs might affect afferent response properties, we modeled representative afferents from each region, using reconstructed bouton afferents. Collecting area and hair cell density were used to estimate hair cell-to-afferent convergence. Nonmorphological features were held constant to isolate effects of afferent structure and connectivity. The models suggest that all four bouton afferent types are electrotonically compact and that excitatory postsynaptic potentials are two to four times larger in MES afferents than in other afferents, making MES afferents more responsive to low input levels. The models also predict that MES and LES terminal structures permit higher spontaneous firing rates than those in striola and juxtastriola. We found that differences in spike train regularity are not a consequence of differences in peripheral terminal structure, per se, but that a higher proportion of multiple contacts between afferents and individual hair cells increases afferent firing irregularity. The prediction that afferents having primarily one bouton contact per hair cell will fire more regularly than afferents making multiple bouton contacts per hair cell has implications for spike train regularity in dimorphic and calyx afferents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bouton afferents in different regions of turtle utricle have very different morphologies and afferent-hair cell connectivities. Highly detailed computational modeling provides insights into how morphology impacts excitability and also reveals a new explanation for spike train irregularity based on relative numbers of multiple bouton contacts per hair cell. This mechanism is independent of other proposed mechanisms for spike train irregularity based on ionic conductances and can explain irregularity in dimorphic units and calyx endings.
Comparative Transcriptomics Between Zebrafish and Mammals: A Roadmap for Discovery of Conserved and Unique Signaling Pathways in Physiology and Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

OPINION article Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 01 February 2019Sec. Cell Growth and Division Volume 7 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00005
A Charge Comparison of Audiometric Testing in the Pediatric Population

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the charges associated with performing combined tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions vs a comprehensive audiogram in the pediatric population and to analyze its implications for future practice. Study Design Retrospective charge analysis. Setting Tertiary care academic center. Subjects and Methods Analysis was performed on 538 pediatric patients who underwent audiometric hearing testing from May through October 2014. Results In total, 401 patients had combined tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions testing and 91 patients underwent a comprehensive audiogram, while 46 patients underwent all 3 tests. The technical and professional charges for combined tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions were $139 and $116, respectively, with an overall charge of $255. The technical and professional charges for an audiogram were $124 and $198, respectively, with an overall charge of $322. Conclusion Objective testing with a combination of tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions charges insurers $67 less than an audiogram. Given the questionable reliability of behavioral audiometry in very young children, this is a factor to consider when choosing the appropriate test. With a large number of pediatric auditory hearing tests performed each year, the cost savings within the health care system could be substantial.
Teaching High School Chemistry in the Context of Pharmacology Helps Both Teachers and Students Learn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Few studies demonstrate the impact of teaching chemistry embedded in a context that has relevance to high school students. We build upon our prior work showing that pharmacology topics (i.e., drugs), which are inherently interesting to high school students, provide a useful context for teaching chemistry and biology. In those studies, teachers were provided professional development for the Pharmacology Education Partnership (PEP) in an onsite venue (either five-day or one-day workshop). Given financial difficulties to travel, teachers have asked for alternatives for professional development. Thus, we developed the same PEP training workshop using a distance learning (DL) (two-way live video) approach. In this way, 121 chemistry and biology teachers participated in the DL workshops to learn how to incorporate the PEP modules into their teaching. They field-tested the modules over the year in high school chemistry and biology classes. Teacher knowledge of chemistry and biology increased significantly after the workshop and was maintained for at least a year. Their students (N = 2309) demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge of chemistry and biology concepts, with higher scores as the number of modules used increased. The increase in both teacher and student knowledge in these subjects was similar to that found previously when teachers were provided with onsite professional development.