jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of glossopharyngeal nerve block on pain control after tonsillectomy: a systemic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background We investigated the role of perioperative intraoral glossopharyngeal nerve block to minimize postoperative pain in patients undergoing tonsillectomy through a meta‐analysis of the relevant literature. Methods We retrieved eight studies from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to August 2023. We compared perioperative glossopharyngeal nerve block with a control group, in order to examine postoperative pain, analgesic use, and other postoperative morbidities. Results Postoperative pain was significantly reduced at 1–4 h (SMD −1.26, 95% CI [−2.35; −0.17], I 2 = 94.7%, P = 0.02) and 5–8 hours (SMD −1.40, 95% CI [−2.47; −0.34], I 2 = 96.1%, p = 0.01) in the treatment groups compared to the control group. However, glossopharyngeal nerve block showed no efficacy in reducing pain or use of analgesic drugs after 12 h compared to the control group. The incidences of postoperative bleeding (OR 0.95, 95% CI [0.35; 2.52], I 2 = 0.0%), local agent toxicity (OR 4.14, 95% CI [0.44; 38.63], I 2 = 0.0%), nasal problems (OR 1.25, 95% CI [0.60; 2.61], I 2 = 0.0%), postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR 1.35, 95% CI [0.78; 2.33], I 2 = 0.0%), swallowing difficulty (OR 1.61, 95% CI [0.76; 3.42], I 2 = 56.0%), and voice change (OR 3.11, 95% CI [0.31; 30.80], I 2 = 0.0%) were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups. The treatment group showed higher prevalence of respiratory problems and dry mouth compared to control without statistical significance, but a significant increase in throat discomfort ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Intraoral glossopharyngeal nerve block for tonsillectomy did not significantly impact postoperative pain management and was associated with some adverse effects with increases in respiratory problems, dry mouth, and throat discomfort compared to controls.
Design and control of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for electric vehicles

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report documents my one-year research and development of the Final Year Report (FYP) –Design and Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System(HESS) for Electric Vehicle (EV) since AY 2015/2016. By applying the characteristic and operation performance of DC/DC converter, a ESS was established to drive EV and satisfy the function of recycling kinetic energy from the motor during regenerative braking. To better utilize the advantages of various energy storage devices and improve the system stability, batteries and supercapacitors (SC) are combine together to achieve a HESS for EV. Simulations in Matlab® Simulink® were conducted to examine and investigate the performance of integrated system, NEDC drive cycle was used as load scenario, which able to reflect the power condition over a period of time better. The result from developed simulation model shows how batteries and SCs have been charged and discharged during the entire drive cycle with proper energy storage control
EFFECTS OF VARIABLE INFECTIVITY ON THE SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS AMONG INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this paper we develop and analyse a model for the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst a population of injecting drug users. We examine the impact on the spread of disease caused by allowing addicts to progress through three distinct stages of variable infectivity prior to the onset of full blown AIDS. We first state a three stage infectivity model of the transmission of HIV and perform an equilibrium and stability analysis on this model. We find that there is a critical threshold parameter R 0 which determines its behaviour. If R 0 ≤1 then there is a unique disease-free equilibrium which is globally stable. If R 0 >1 then there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is locally stable. Simulations indicate that if R 0 >1, then provided disease is initially present it will tend to the endemic equilibrium. We also extend this model to include recruitment and mortality from AIDS, and find that its long-term behaviour is similar to that of the simple model. We then look briefly at a stochastic version of the model and simulations indicate that again the disease dies out if R 0 <1 and if R 0 >1 the long-term conditional mean prevalence of disease is approximately the same as in the simple model. We examine the implications of our results for the prevention of the spread of HIV and AIDS amongst drug users. A short discussion concludes the paper.
Behaviour on public transportation - the study on priority seats in Singapore.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research mainly focuses on how commuters negotiate their spaces on public transportation and the impact of social sanctions on behaviors based on the sociology of mobility. Mobility studies have been seen as part of everyday life that is taken for granted. The travel journey on public transportation should be constructed as a meaningful platform for social interactions. To provide a deeper understanding of social interactions amongst social actors on public transportation in Singapore, priority seats have been used as a point of contention to determine if social sanctions play a role in shaping social behaviors. Using Gidden’s structuration theory, the action of giving up priority seats highlights the duality of structure and agency, in which determines how social sanctions affect people’s agency in deciding their seats. This study also serves to justify how social structure is constructed in everyday interactions through social sanctions imposed on the occupancy of priority seats in Singapore.
The overview and status of vegetation Lidar mission, MOLI

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

New spaceborne LIDAR system emerged as a candidate experimental mission for International Space Station, Japanese Experiment Module, iSEEP bus. The system named MOLI (Multi-footprint Observation LIDAR and Imager). The mission objective MOLI is to demonstrate to manage forest and to calibrate dense forest biomass using satellite instrument such as L-band SAR. Using SAR to evaluate biomass, there is a signal saturation issue, which happens over 100t/ha biomass measurement. MOLI is designed to support accurate evaluation of forest biomass with its sharper beam. Additionally, we know there is non-negligible measurement error caused by terrain relief. To solve the issue, multi-beam approach was suggested and employed. On the other hand, an imager will help to understand phonological situation of target forest. Finally, using together with L-band SAR observation data and multispectral image, it is expected to have a good "wall to wall" biomass map with its phonological information. Such MOLI observation capability is so important, because both quantity and quality evaluation of biomass are essential for carbon circulation system understandings. Currently, as a key technical development, LASER Transmitters for MOLI is under test in vacuum condition. Its power is 40mJ and PRF is 150Hz. Pressure vessel design for LIDAR transmitter is suppressing Laser induced contamination effect. MOLI is now under study towards around 2019 operation.
Biomechanical comparison of two percutaneous gastropexy techniques for securing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes in canine cadavers

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE To biomechanically assess outcomes for 2 percutaneous gastropexy techniques and determine the amount of time necessary to perform the techniques for securing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes in canine cadavers. ANIMALS 18 canine cadavers. PROCEDURES 6 cadavers were assigned to each of 3 groups (PEG tube only, PEG tube with T-fastener gastropexy, and PEG tube with U-stitch gastropexy). Time to completion of placement of a PEG tube and gastropexy was recorded. After tubes were placed, the stomach and body wall on the left side of the abdomen were removed and biomechanically tested. Maximum tension at the time of initial failure of the PEG tube or gastropexy was recorded. RESULTS Significantly more force was required to induce failure for the T-fastener and U-stitch techniques than for the PEG tube only technique. In addition, both the T-fastener and U-stitch techniques required significantly more time for placement than did the PEG tube only technique. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that performing a T-fastener or U-stitch gastropexy may decrease the risk of early dislodgement of a PEG tube in dogs. However, studies conducted with these techniques in live dogs would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The additional amount of time needed to perform the T-fastener or U-stitch gastropexy would likely be clinically unimportant.
Asymmetrical PWM technique for AC choppers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An asymmetrical pulse-width modulated (APWM) control technique for an AC chopper which can improve the input power factor and suppress the harmonic contents of currents at both its input and its load sides is proposed. The ideal switching function for the proposed technique is derived and converted into the APWM pattern for practical implementation of an AC voltage regulator. By digital simulation several characteristics are investigated theoretically and then compared with those of the phase angle control and conventional PWM technique. The experimental results show good agreement with calculated ones, indicating the feasibility of the proposed technique.< >
The Role of Geographic Information Systems in Post-Disaster Neighborhood Recovery: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through partnerships and collaborations with universities, non-profits, local government, and private foundations, neighborhood associations and residents have been using Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) as a tool for neighborhood recovery in post-Katrina and Rita New Orleans. The landfall of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita along the Gulf Coast Region changed the way that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used for Emergency Management and Response, PPGIS, and community recovery. This research explores GIS and PPGIS best practices through an evaluation of New Orleans, LA case studies and seeks to present solutions for the development of a post-disaster PPGIS for community recovery.
Studies on seasonal incidence of hairy caterpillar on jute

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this research work was to study the seasonal incidence of hairy caterpillar of jute Spilosoma obliua and to study its correlation with different weather paramaters during the kharif season of 2018. The incidence of hairy caterpillar was observed throughout the season with varying degree of intensity. The data on average population of S. obliqua per meter row length were recorded at weekly interval. The infestation of S. obliqua was first observed at 48 DAS in 33rd MW, with larval count of 7.11 larvae per mrl. The higher level of infestation was noticed from 34th to 36th MW. However, the peak infestation of 10.77 larvae per mrl was recorded in 35th MW. Then, the infestation of S. obliqua started to decrease from 36th MW (9.77 larvae/ mrl). The larvae of hairy caterpillar were not noticed at the time of crop harvesting. It was revealed that the infestation of S. obliqua was significantly negatively correlated with maximum temperature (r = -0.704) and significantly positively correlated with evening relative humidity (r = 0.705); while minimum temperature (r = 0.260), morning relative humidity (r = 0.464), wind (r = 0.071) and rainfall (r = 0.109) showed non- significant relation with infestation of S. obliqua and Sunshine (r = -0.493) was negatively but non- significantly correlated with infestation of S. obliqua. There were some variations due to changes in the agro-climatic conditions and cultivar used for the study.
A semi‐analytical model of the influence of phytoplankton community structure on the relationship between light attenuation and ocean color

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A model was developed to examine the influence of phytoplankton community structure on the relationship between diffuse attenuation and ratios of upwelling radiance. Shifts in phytoplankton communities were represented by changing mean optical properties as a function of chlorophyll ( C , mg m −3 ), consistent with large data sets from the field and laboratory. The product of cell size and internal pigment concentration, dc i , governs pigment packaging, which alters the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton ( , m 2 mgChl −1 ). Pigment packaging was parameterized as a function of C by combining the relationship between dc i and from phytoplankton cultures with that between and C from the field, using data for 675 nm, where absorption by accessory pigments is low. Changes in accessory pigmentation were approximated by quantifying residual variability in at other wavelengths, as functions of C , once the variability with dc i was taken into account. Absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), detrital absorption, and scattering by particles were also parameterized as functions of C , so that bio‐optical relationships could be modeled as functions of trophic status. The model thus reconciled recognized relationships between optical properties and C with ecologically interpretable shifts in phytoplankton communities. Empirical relationships between diffuse attenuation and ocean color were well reproduced at low (0.5 mg m −3 ) to medium (10 mg m −3 ) C . Analysis of variability imposed by a range of dc i suggests that it may be possible to recognize phytoplankton communities with cell sizes and intracellular pigment concentration different from the central tendency, given a set of wavelengths which minimizes the influence of CDOM and detrital absorption.
The Effectiveness of Holistic Multi-dimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) in the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) belong to the pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders. The prevalence of ASD has increased significantly throughout recent decades, bringing the overall estimated prevalence to 11.3 per 1000 children. ASD is characterized by severe difficulties in reciprocal social interaction, stereotyped patterns of behavior and profound impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 150 children with ASD, who referred to psychiatry clinics of children in two Mashhad academic Hospitals-Iran, were enrolled. At the first, they divided into 3 groups (N=50 patients in each group). All groups were educated and treated with Holistic Multidimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) method but for different periods: one, two, and three years. Data analysis was done using ANOVA and ANCOVA test. Results: 78% of participants were boys. According to the results, 26% of participants after one year treatment, 44% after two years and 52% after three years treatment improved. The participants’ symptoms of behavioral, cognitive and physical function declined in 3 groups significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that holistic multidimensional treatment model has been effective in treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders in all the three groups, regardless of the gender and age. Whatever treatment period would be longer, recovery process would be more effective in children with ASD spectrum.
Non-Enzymatic Glycosylation and Deglycating Enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biological amines react with reducing sugars to form a heterogeneous group of compounds, called advanced glycation end products, a process known as the Maillard reaction. Glycation of proteins starts with formation of Shiff's base, which rearrange into Amadori product. The Amadori products then undergo a series of chemical modifications to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Many advanced glycation end products are capable of forming cross-links between proteins and many of them are fluorophores. The formation of AGEs is an irreversible process and glycation is a major cause of spontaneous damage to proteins in physiological systems. AGEs accumulate in tissues with age and their rate of accumulation is accelerated in diabetes. Hyperglycemia in diabetes causes accelerated AGEs formation and has been linked to various diabetic complications like nephropathy, retinopathy, angiopathy, and neuropathy.Nature has several defense mechanisms to protect tissues from AGEs accumulation. Among them are amadoriases, which can remove the Amadori product and interrupt the glycation cascade in the early steps of the Maillard reaction. To date three classes of deglycating enzymes were found-fructosamine oxidases, fructosamine-3-kinases, and fructoselysine 6-phosphate deglycase. These enzymes are known to occur in mammalian, fungal and other eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Effect of Different Moisture Regimes on the Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Chrysanthemum var. Marigold

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The performance and water use efficiency (WUE) of Chrysanthemum var. Marigold was evaluated under two moisture regimes, i.e., 100 % FC and 70 % FC imposed and maintained using gravimetric method. At 100 % FC, the plant height (30.33 cm), average plant spread (38.21 cm), number of primary branches/plant (5.67) and secondary branches/plant (4.67), number of leaves/plant (71.67), number of flowers/plant (136.75), average weight of individual flowers (7.21g), RWC (94.29%), root: shoot ratio (0.42), total fresh bio mass (153.09 g), flower yield (881.67 g / plant) and shelf life of 7.58 days were significantly higher compared to plants grown under 70% FC. The gas exchange characteristics i.e. photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were also significantly higher in plants grown at 100 % field capacity compared to 70 % field capacity treatment. However, the water use efficiency (WUE) of chrysanthemum was higher at 70% FC (39.82 g/litter) compared to 100 % FC (22.38 g/litter). The results of the study showed that, the plants maintained under 100 % FC produced a greater number of flowers with enhanced shelf life compared to plants grown under 70 % FC. Hence it is suggesting that Chrysanthemum var. Marigold performed better in higher moisture regime than 70 % FC level.
Unraveling the architecture of caveolae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The eukaryotic cell surface is composed of many distinct membrane domains that are formed by the cooperative interactions of different proteins and lipids. These domains are important for membrane trafficking and cell signaling and are modulated in turn by changes in the cell environment. Caveolae (“little caves”) are ∼60-nm membrane invaginations (Fig. 1) that are a dominant surface feature of many mammalian cells, including muscle fibers, endothelia, and adipocytes, where they play a role in membrane homeostasis, signaling, and cellular mechanoprotection. Formation of caveolae in vertebrate cells requires two distinct protein families: the membrane-embedded caveolins (CAV1–3) and the peripheral membrane cavins (Cavin1–4). Although the general morphology of caveolae has been known for decades, the atypical structures of the protein subunits has meant that progress has been slow with regards to the high-resolution studies of caveola architecture. By high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (EM) and frozen deep-etch transmission EM, caveolae have been shown to be coated with striations (1, 2) or to possess spike-like structures (3), very different from other well-characterized vesicle coats, such as clathrin (4, 5). In PNAS, Stoeber et al. use a combination of biochemical dissection and EM to provide important insights into the underlying architecture of the caveola protein coat (6).

Fig. 1.
Proposed model for the assembly of caveolae. ( A ) Electron micrograph of caveolae in an adipocyte cell line. (Scale bar, 100 nm.) ( B ) Schematic diagrams depicting the main features of the CAV1 and Cavin1 proteins required for caveola formation. Cavins possess two regions of α-helical structure, termed HR1 and HR2, which are rich in basic residues. These are linked by disordered acidic sequences DR1–DR3. Caveolins are membrane-integral proteins that are embedded by a central helix–turn–helix. They also possess a conserved sequence suggested to be involved in oligomerization (oligomerization domain, OD) and a sequence with potential …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: r.parton{at}imb.uq.edu.au or b.collins{at}imb.uq.edu.au.

[1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Dragonfly assemblages in four Mediterranean wetlands of Samos Island, Greece (Odonata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dragonflies (Odonata) are considered to be valuable indicators of hydroecosystems. This study reports the composition of the dragonfly assemblages in four wetlands of Samos Island, Greece, in a geographic area especially vulnerable to climate change where a trend towards a drier climate has been observed in the last decades. Dragonfly assemblages have not yet been studied on Samos. The analysis based on the number of different species and their autochthony revealed clear differences among the wetlands. The eutrophic Glyfada Lake, despite its variable hydrology resulting from drought – the seasonal decrease in water availability – harboured the largest diversity of dragonflies, larger than the oligotrophic Mesokampos Lake. The assemblage of the spring and rivulet at Mytilini, although also influenced by drought, had its own set of species of high autochthony. The seasonal brackish lake and marsh of Psili Ammos had the lowest number of species and was dominated by one very abundant breeding species. Drought was the main factor affecting the number and composition of species. The collected data create a reference for the future monitoring of trends in the composition of odonatofauna under the changing climate of Samos Island.
Focusing of diode laser beams: a simple mathematical model: reply to comment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Gaussian and Lorentzian-Gaussian models for the elliptical cross-section beams of GaAs diode lasers are reexamined, emphasizing that the simplicity of the Gaussian model vanishes in many practical applications where laser beams are truncated by the collimating lens. The Lorentzian model is advantageous because the width of the distribution may be estimated from the composition of the semiconductorjunction.
Controlled morphology of Ag nanocolumns by oblique angle deposition: kinetic Monte Carlo simulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fabrication of Ag or Au nanocolumns by oblique angle deposition (OAD) is now prevalent for their surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property and their biosensor application. However, the size, shape, and the density of nanocolumns are not directed in a desired way. To sufficiently realize the growth process controlled by multiple physical factors like deposition angle (\alpha), substrate temperature (T), and deposition rate (F), we develop a three-dimensional (3D) kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model for simulating processes of Ag nanocolumnar growth by oblique angle deposition. The dependences of nanocolumnar morphologies on these factors are analyzed. The mimical results reach a reasonable agreement with the experimental morphologies generated by OAD.