jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic Analysis of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome with Respect to Phytic Acid Utilization

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

While phytic acid is a major form of organic phosphate in many soils, plant utilization of phytic acid is normally limited; however, culture trials of Lotus japonicus using experimental field soil that had been managed without phosphate fertilizer for over 90 years showed significant usage of phytic acid applied to soil for growth and flowering and differences in the degree of growth, even in the same culture pot. To understand the key metabolic processes involved in soil phytic acid utilization, we analyzed rhizosphere soil microbial communities using molecular ecological approaches. Although molecular fingerprint analysis revealed changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial communities from bulk soil microbial community, no clear relationship between the microbiome composition and flowering status that might be related to phytic acid utilization of L. japonicus could be determined. However, metagenomic analysis revealed changes in the relative abundance of the classes Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, Dehalococcoidetes and Methanobacteria, which include strains that potentially promote plant growth and phytic acid utilization, and some gene clusters relating to phytic acid utilization, such as alkaline phosphatase and citrate synthase, with the phytic acid utilization status of the plant. This study highlights phylogenetic and metabolic features of the microbial community of the L. japonicus rhizosphere and provides a basic understanding of how rhizosphere microbial communities affect the phytic acid status in soil.
Microprocessor-based electric heat tracing controllers to improve reliability, reduce maintenance costs, and help avoid peak demands

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An alternative method of electric heat tracing control using microprocessor-based electronic controllers instead of electromechanical thermostats is presented. The practical application of electronic controllers and the utilization of their specific advantages in a large Canadian petroleum refinery where ambient winter temperatures routinely reach -40 degrees F are discussed. A Class 1, Group D, Division 2 hazardous area for electrical heat tracing control systems is assumed. Series-type mineral-insulated (MI) heat tracing cables are used for almost all electric heat tracing applications. The monitoring and control of series circuit MI heat tracing cables are discussed.< >
FSR19 and FSR25 confirmed as two new faint and metal-rich globular clusters in the galactic bulge

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We combined the near-IR photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea extended Survey (VVVX) with Gaia EDR3 catalog to study some properties of FSR19 and FSR25. These are confirmed to be low luminosity metal-rich bulge globular clusters (Obasi et al. 2020). The proper motions (PM) remain unchanged and the Color magnitude diagrams (CMD) are consistent with what we previously reported and the red giant branches are narrower than the field.
Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The low quality of education in Indonesia is actually a discussion that has existed for a long time. However, until now the problem of education quality has not been resolved. Quality education is the hope and demand of all education stakeholders. Everyone will certainly prefer to study at institutions that have good quality. On this basis, schools/educational institutions must be able to provide good service and quality so that they are not left behind and are able to compete with other educational institutions
Renal function parameters during early and late recovery periods following an all-out 21-km run in trained adolescent runners

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: This study investigated the changes in biomarkers of renal function and the corresponding estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 10 male adolescent (16.2±0.6 years) trained runners during early and late recovery periods after an all-out 21-km run. Methods: Venous blood samples were taken immediately before, and at 2-h, 4-h, and 24-h following the 21-km run. Samples were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct), and serum urea (U), creatinine (Cr), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). U/Cr ratio, eGFR, and plasma volume change (%ΔPV) were calculated based on the associated measured variables. Results: At 2-h and 4-h, there were increases (26%–146%) in U, Cr, U/Cr, CK, and LDH, and decreases (8%–13%) in Hb and Hct, as compared with the corresponding pre-exercise values. The calculated %ΔPV increased by 17% while the eGFR decreased 20% from the corresponding pre-exercise value, respectively. At 24-h, the changes of the blood variables and renal function parameters observed at early recovery period were sustained. Conclusions: Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that mild decline in renal function occurred during the early recovery period following the 21-km run. The decline in renal function did not return to normal during the later recovery period.
Relationships Between Conformation and Calving Interval in Holstein Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Type information collected by the Holstein Association of Canada from 1976 to 1983 was matched with calving interval records from the Record of Performance program of Agriculture Canada. Type traits considered were final class, major scorecard breakdown traits (general appearance, dairy character, capacity, rump, feet and legs, mammary system, fore udder, rear udder), and eight descriptive traits (stature, size, style, dairyness, chest floor, loin strength, thurl width, pin setting). The edited data consisted of 22,791 records on first calf heifers by 2548 sires in 9272 herd-round of classification groups. Sire evaluations for both type and calving interval were available for 3312 sires. Heritability of calving interval was estimated to be .04. Heritability estimates of type traits ranged from .06 for style to .33 for size. Phenotypic correlations between the type traits and calving interval were essentially zero. The highest favorable genetic correlations with calving interval were for chest floor (-.42), rear udder (-.37), capacity (-.34), and highest antagonistic correlations were for dairyness (.43) and dairy character (.38). Direct selection for improved calving interval was estimated to be more efficient than indirect selection on any of the type traits considered.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The arguments and evidence presented in this book challenge what many consider the current orthodoxy with respect to the causes of old-age security policy development. We call into question the conventional view that policy developments in this sphere inevitably reflect the outcome of conflict between labor and capital.1 Various class theorists differ in their views as to the relative influence of labor and capital, and they disagree in their assessments of the redistributive impact of various old-age security programs, but they generally share the assumption that capital and labor are the major actors driving these policy developments. We do not deny the relevance of class actors, rather we specify the contexts in which these actors are important, and we introduce evidence that a number of other actors defined by such ascriptive attributes as age, ethnicity, language, religion, and region are also very important.
'Doğayı’ Kurtarmak İçin Onu Öldür: Rousseaucu İkilem ve Ekolojik Kuram

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to unravel the intricate relationship between Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s thought and ecological theory by foregrounding the concept of alienation as the central axis around which his philosophy turns. While much of the ecological literature emphasizes Rousseau’s moral reverence for nature—manifest in his opposition to instrumental rationality, his emphasis on pity, and his advocacy of a land ethic—such interpretations often isolate his moral writings from the broader context of his political and economic philosophy. In doing so, they risk overlooking the inherent paradoxes embedded in Rousseau’s work. By tracing the transition from natural to political alienation, this study argues that Rousseau’s remedy to humanity’s estrangement from nature involves an even deeper alienation—one that is formal, intentional, and institutionalized. This second alienation may indeed enable the reconstitution of freedom or virtue, but only at the cost of severing the organic bond between humankind and the natural world. Consequently, Rousseau presents a profound and unresolved tension between the moral necessity of unity with nature and the political imperatives of civic life.
The effects of an insulin-glucose-potassium (IGK) pretreatment on the bupivacaine cardiotoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

IGK delays the bupivacaine-induced cardiac depression. However, a pretreatment with IGK is more effective in delaying the bupivacaine-induced hypotension than simultaneous administration, regardless of insulin concentration.
Clinical study on 100 cases of anal diseases performed by Day Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

肛門疾患の100例に1泊2日のDay Surgeryを行いその有効性について検討した.症例は内痔核のGoligher III度48例,IV度19例,巨大血栓をともなった部分的嵌頓痔核20例,痔瘻例,その他であった.麻酔は79例が仙骨硬膜外,21例がサドルブロックを行った.手術は半閉鎖結紮切除1カ所が44例,2カ所が30例,3カ所が22例,lay open2例,sliding skin graft 2例であった.導尿は仙骨硬膜外麻酔の9例(11.4%),サドルブロックの9例(42.9%)に行った.術後疼痛,出血は退院時から次第に減少していったが1例は疼痛で,1例は頭痛で再入院した.64例(64%)は5日目までに仕事に復帰していた.手術に対する適応から症例を選び,十分なインフォームドコンセントの後に行えば今後のさらなる普及が考えられる.
Cyclone reburning retrofit-corrosion evaluation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) from cyclone-equipped boilers is best accomplished by the application of reburning technology. Reburning process involves injection of a supplementary fuel above the cyclone to create a reducing zone for NO{sub x} removal. Overfire air is introduced above this zone to achieve complete combustion. Since the reburning zone must operate substoichiometrically, tube corrosion due to H{sub 2}S formation within the modified combustion zones can be a potential concern when the reburning fuel is a high-sulfur coal. H{sub 2}S is a corrosive gas and its concentration is an indicator of the tendency for fireside corrosion in fuel-rich combustion systems. This research program was undertaken to assess corrosion resistance of three commercially available alloys (carbon steel, SA210-A1; low-alloy steel, SA213-T22; and stainless steel, SA213-TP304) as well as coated steel alloy (SA213-T2). The surface chromium contents of the alloys ranged from 0 to 30%. Four air-cooled corrosion probes, each containing segments of the selected alloys were constructed. The probes were exposed for up to 1200 hours and at a metal temperature of 850{degrees}F to combustion gases generated by firing a high-sulfur Illinois {number sign}6 coal at conditions simulating coal reburning.
A Pragmatic Analysis Of Directions In Cosmetics Product Labels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research deals with directions in cosmetics product labels. The aims of the research are identifying the reconstructed forms and describing the meaning of the directions in cosmetics product labels. The type of this research is qualitative study with the approach pragmatics.
This research has data source from cosmetics product labels. The method of collecting data is documentation and the steps are reading, classifying, and coding the data. The technique of analyzing data are identifying the reconstructed forms of directions in cosmetics product labels by applying the kinds of sentences of Frank, and describing the meaning of directions in cosmetics product labels by applying the theory of Wijana. The method of analyzing data is descriptive technique. Having analyzed the data, the researcher found that the reconstructed
forms of directions are all in imperative sentences which it divided to 70,83% of simple sentences, 18,75% of compound sentences, and 10,42% of complex sentences. There are two kinds of the meaning of the directions; they are literal speech act 91,67% and non literal speech act 8,33%.
Using Self-Efficacy and Intention to Predict Exercise Compliance among Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There were three aims to the present study: (a) to test a social cognitive model based on self-efficacy and intention in predicting compliance to exercise in a Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program; (b) to examine temporal patterns of self-efficacy in an 18-week exercise CR program; and (c) to ascertain whether the social-cognitive variables act more as determinant or consequence of exercise behavior during the program. Forty-one participants (29 M, 12 F; mean age 63 ± 9 .81 yrs) with documented ischemic heart disease enrolled in an 18-week supervised walking-based Phase 2 CR exercise program. They completed scales assessing self-efficacy and intention at the beginning of the program (Time 1) and again at Weeks 7 (Time 2) and 13 (Time 3). Compliance behavior was assessed through daily attendance and exercise energy expenditure measures, via metabolic equivalents (ACSM Guidelines, 1995). Data provide general support for the social cognitive model. That is, positive and meaningful relationships were found among self-efficacy, intention, and objectively measured exercise behavior, explaining 16 to 59% of the variance. Results also showed that both task and barrier efficacy significantly improved during the early part of the exercise program and then leveled off during program termination. Finally, results suggest that social-cognitive variables act more as a determinant than a consequence of exercise behavior. The findings underscore the need for scale congruence between the measures of self-efficacy, intention, and objective measures of exercise behavior.
Case Report Isolated Sensorineural Hearing Loss as a Sequela after Lightning Strike

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2015 Mahfuz Turan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In most of the surviving patients after a lightning strike, audiovestibular abnormalities have been reported. The most frequently reported type of abnormalities is a tympanic membrane perforation with hearing loss and external ear canal burn. However a sensor neural hearing loss and mixed type hearing loss can also occur, but these occur rarely. A nineteen-year-old female patient had, after a lightning strike, serious burns on the left ear, behind the ear, and on the chest and neck. She also had in her left ear 108 dB hearing loss with irregular central perforation and in her right ear 52 dB sensorineural hearing loss. There was no hearing loss before the strike. A hearing aid was recommended for the right ear and good care and follow-up were recommended for the left ear. A lightning strike can cause serious audiological damage.Therefore, it is necessary to make a careful audiovestibular evaluation of the patients. Although there exist rarely healed cases from sensorineural hearing loss after lightning strike in literature, in our case hearing loss occurred bilaterally and then it healed unilaterally. This condition is quite rare in literature. 1.
[Wound complications after suturing of Achilles tendon ruptures].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the period 1983-1988, 254 patients underwent simple end-to-end repair of closed ruptured Achilles tendons in our institution. During the same period, eight patients were treated with plastic repair on account of old ruptures, and 19 patients were treated conservatively on account of relative contraindication to open repair. The material of simple end-to-end repair is analyzed as regards factors which may be supposed to contributory to the rate of infection, wound healing and repeated rupture. The rate of major wound complication was low (2.4%) as was the rate of repeated rupture (1.6%). No single factor responsible for complications could be pointed out. However, compared to a high rate of deep infection in patients treated with plastic repair in our material and also in other studies, simple end-to-end suture is recommended in the treatment of rupture of the Achilles tendon when this is possible.
Battle with Cancer: Prevalence in Different Districts and What Needs to Be Done?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is characterized by abnormal gene function and aberrant patterns of gene expression. A growing body of data suggests that acquired epigenetic aberrations work in concert with genetic changes to generate this deregulation. According to a WHO research, India saw 1.16 million new cancer cases in 2018, with one out of every ten Indians developing cancer at some point in their life and one out of every 15 dying from it. According to the study, tobacco-related head and neck cancers are frequent in India, especially oral cancer in males and cervical cancer in women, and both cancer types are linked to lower socioeconomic position. Conclusion: Tobacco use is becoming a leading cause of cancer in the North East, and it is estimated that tobacco use is responsible for 22% of cancer deaths worldwide. A comprehensive cancer control program is the need of the hour to prevent this vibrant region from becoming the cancer capital of the nation.
Related Authorship Trends in Movement Science Journals (1991-1996)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to answer three questions related to authorship trends in movement science journals: 1) Do movement science journals publish significant numbers of articles by women?, 2) How does the rate of publication by women in movement science journals compare to that in other fields?, and 3) Has the number of journal articles published by women in the movement sciences changed throughout 1990’s (1991-1996)? Six movement science journals were selected for inclusion in this study. Two trained investigators conducted hand searches of journals and frequency counts were performed for the total number of authors and articles, and the gender of the first through fourth authors. Percentage of women authors was ascertained using the following formula: [total number of women authors / total number of authors] × 100. Percentage of articles in which a woman made a contribution was calculated as follows: [number of articles with at least I woman author / total number of articles] × 100. Number of articles with a woman as first, second, third, or fourth author was calculated by counting individual authors and their order of authorship. The journal that published the highest percentage of women authors or articles with women contributors was the Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal , followed by Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport and Quest . The journals that published the largest number of articles by women were Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise and The Physician and Sportsmedicine . Trends in publication by gender have not changed considerably between 1991-1996. In comparison to journals in other scientific disciplines, exercise science journals publish a comparable proportion of articles by women.
Cramér’s Theorem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

If {Xi} is a sequence of independent random variables one would expect under suitable assumptions that for a > E[X],P[ X1 + · · · + XNN ≥ a] = 0.Perhaps there is exponential decay andP[ X1 + · · · + XNN ≥ a] = e−NI(a)+o(N)for some function I(a) that can be determined. We can get a bound by estimating for λ > 0,P[ X1 + · · · + XNN ≥ a] ≤ e−NλaE] = e−Nλa[ E [ eλX1]]N = exp[ −N[ λ a − log E[ eλX1]]] .
Consumer inference making about missing information.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In a buying situation , a consumer typically evaluates information about a set of brands. As different brands focuses on different aspects of a product, consumers may have to rely on possibly incomplete or incomparable information to make a choice. In a situation of insufficient information, a consumer may try to infer the brands' performance on the unknown attributes if there are still perceived information gaps on relevant evaluation criteria. A choice is made only when sufficient information is gathered or inferred. The purpose of our research is to find out how consumers make inferences about missing information. Our research proposes that consumers prefer to use between-brand processing to make inferences rather than within-brand processing. We also propose that in choosing between brands during purchases, consumers will evaluate the brand(s) less favourably as the amount of missing information increases. The experiment conducted involved a sample group and two sets of questionnaire. Half the sample group was exposed to an experimental questionnaire and. the other half was exposed to a control questionaire. 3 by 3 matrices were set up in the questionnaire with one or two pieces of information missing in some of the matrices. Respondents were required to infer values for the missing information. Data from the experiment was processed using a software, and the findings were documented in this report.
Regulation of Leaf Senescence and Crop Genetic Improvement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

叶老朽能由也，或由修改滋养的动员效率和收获索引影响庄稼生产改变光合作用持续时间。在最后 50 年里在主要谷物加倍谷物收益首先通过在划分的庄稼生物资源的光合作用持续时间和增加的延期被完成，内在地被结合的二件事情长叶老朽。在这评论，我们把一片叶的功能看作叶年龄的功能，并且把一片叶的生活划分成三个阶段：在早生长阶段，完整的功能阶段和功能减少阶段增加阶段的功能。一个基因框架被建议在各种各样的检查点描述基因行动调整叶开发和老朽。基因的四个范畴贡献庄稼生产：调整(I) 的那些早叶生长的速度和转变，(II ) 光合作用率，(III ) 发作并且(IV ) 叶老朽的前进。在孤立并且描绘老朽的当前的进展规章的基因在叶老化和庄稼生产上下文被讨论。我们主张与叶老朽 ideotypes 繁殖庄稼应该是进一步的庄稼的必要部分基因改进。
A semimechanistic model predicting the growth and production of the bioenergy crop Miscanthus×giganteus: description, parameterization and validation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Biomass based bioenergy is promoted as a major sustainable energy source which can simultaneously decrease net greenhouse gas emissions. Miscanthus × giganteus ( M. × giganteus ), a C 4 perennial grass with high nitrogen, water, and light use efficiencies, is regarded as a promising energy crop for biomass production. Mathematical models which can accurately predict M. × giganteus biomass production potential under different conditions are critical to evaluate the feasibility of its production in different environments. Although previous models based on light‐conversion efficiency have been shown to provide good predictions of yield, they cannot easily be used in assessing the value of physiological trait improvement or ecosystem processes. Here, we described in detail the physical and physiological processes of a previously published generic mechanistic eco‐physiological model, WIMOVAC, adapted and parameterized for M. × giganteus . Parameterized for one location in England, the model was able to realistically predict daily field diurnal photosynthesis and seasonal biomass at a range of other sites from European studies. The model provides a framework that will allow incorporation of further mechanistic information as it is developed for this new crop.