jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta is negatively correlated with depressive symptom severity in suicide attempters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Depression and suicidal behavior have been linked to increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) is widely expressed in pericytes and promotes BBB integrity. Here, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of PDGFR-β in suicide attempters and healthy controls and correlated PDGFR-β to depression symptom severity. Methods: We measured levels of PDGFR-β in CSF from recent suicide attempters using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. PDGFR-β was correlated to CSF/serum albumin ratio (Qalb), an established BBB integrity biomarker, and symptom severity according to the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: There was a significant negative correlation between PDGFR-β and total MADRS score in suicide attempters (r=-0.47, p = 0.003, n = 38). PDGFR-β did not correlate significantly with Qalb (r = 0.179, p = 0.268, n = 40). Conclusions: Although PDGFR-β levels may not reflect BBB integrity, low CSF levels of this biomarker were associated with more severe depressive symptoms. We hypothesize that this may be due to mechanisms unrelated to BBB integrity including the effects of PDGFR-β on neurogenesis and cellular proliferation.
CubeSat Space Environments Effects Studied in the Space Survivability Test Chamber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CubeSats are particularly susceptible to environmental-induced modifications, which can lead to deleterious or catastrophic consequences. This is increasingly important as small satellites—with minimal shielding due to reduced mass and size constraints and reliance on more compact and sensitive electronics—have longer mission lifetimes and make more diverse, complex and sensitive measurements. The current push to expand deployment of CubeSats beyond LEO, into even more demanding environments where modest relief due to shielding by the Earth’s magnetosphere is absent (such as polar or GEO orbits), can further exacerbate these problems.\nTesting of small satellites is therefore critical to avoid such problems. A new versatile Space Survivability Test chamber for ground-based accelerated testing of space environment effects is well-suited for cost-effective, long-duration testing of complete systems up to the size of a 1U CubeSat (dia.), smaller components or electronics, and individual material samples. The facility simulates critical space environment conditions: these include neutral gas atmospheres and vacuum (450 K), as well as ionizing radiation, electron plasma (~30 keV), and vacuum ultraviolet through mid-infrared photon fluxes with2½ MeV) spectrum similar to the GEO spectrum for testing of radiation damage, single event interrupts, and (often untested off-the-shelf) COTS parts. An automated data acquisition system periodically monitors and records the real-time environmental conditions—along with in situ monitoring of key satellite/component/sample performance metrics together with characterization of material properties and calibration standards—during the sample exposure cycle. Multiple in-flux or in-situ space survivability and radiation exposure tests can be performed simultaneously, which complement extensive before and after ex-situ tests.\nSuch measurements for 1U CubeSats and typical components serve to forecast sample radiation damage, predict lifetimes of electronics, and substantiate the ability of the chamber to mimic space environments. Results of specific tests of the effects due to UV and ionizing β-radiation are presented, which include: modified efficiency of flexible solar arrays; single event upsets and radiation-induced failure of COTS microcontrollers, memory, and sensors; structural damage and modifications of mechanical and electrical properties; changes in electron transport and arcing of materials; and modification of optical darken and transmission/reflectivity properties and related color center generation of glasses and polymeric materials. Comparative studies of SST ground-based tests to tests of space-flown samples are used to gauge the ability of the chamber to mimic the space environment and predict space radiation damage effects.
Safety of fast cardiac imaging using multiple transmit beams: Experimental verification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High frame rate (HFR) echocardiography may be of benefit for functional analysis of the heart. It has recently been demonstrated that multiple-line transmit (MLT), i.e. the simultaneous transmission of multiple focused beams into different directions, increases the frame rate without significantly compromising the resolution or SNR. In MLT mode, the excitation pulse applied on a given element is equivalent to the sum of pulses that would be individually applied to generate single line transmit (SLT) beams along the selected MLT directions. Since a non-standard excitation is involved and an increased number of beams yields an increased energy transfer to the human body, the possible bio-effects must be taken into consideration. In this paper, the thermal (TI) and mechanical (MI) indexes of MLT are experimentally evaluated and compared with those of SLT.
Predictors of Hospital Discharge to an Extended Care Facility after Major General Thoracic Surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Failure to anticipate the need to discharge patients to rehabilitation centers and skilled nursing facilities results in expensive delays in the discharge of patients after surgery. Early identification of patients at high risk for discharge to these extended care facilities could mitigate these delays and expenditures. The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative patient factors associated with discharge to extended care facilities after major general thoracic surgery. Discharge records were identified for all patients undergoing major general thoracic surgery admitted to a university hospital between January 2006 and May 2009 who had a stay of longer than one day. The following risk factors were selected a priori based on clinical judgment: age, preoperative albumin, pre-operative Zubrod score, history of peripheral vascular disease, and use of home oxygen. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the statistical significance and magnitude of risk associated with each predictor of patient discharge to extended care facilities. Of the 1646 patients identified, 68 (4.1%) were discharged to extended care facilities. Hospital length of stay was on average six days longer for patients discharged to these facilities than for patients discharged home ( P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that advanced age, lower preoperative albumin, and increased preoperative Zubrod score were statistically significant predictors of discharge to extended care facilities. Age, preoperative nutritional status, and functional status are strong predictors of patient discharge to extended care facilities. Early identification of these patients may improve patient discharge planning and reduce hospital length of stay after major thoracic surgery.
Deuterium NMR study of the origin of hydrogen in fatty acids produced in vivo by chicken

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The origin of hydrogen in fatty acids produced in vivo by chicken was studied by using isotope tracing monitored by 2 H NMR. Chickens were fed with deuterium‐labeled water, deuterium‐labeled glucose/fructose and trideuterated acetate. The site‐specific isotope distribution of the fatty acids produced in vivo by the chickens was analyzed after transformation into methyl esters. A connection was observed between the hydrogen atoms of the feeds and water and those of the different molecular positions of the fatty acids produced by chicken. Water hydrogen makes an important contribution to the formation of the lipids. The hydrogen of the enzyme‐bound acetyl or malonyl moiety in acyl‐CoA may be transferred from the C‐1, C‐2 or C‐6 of glucose or fructose and indirectly from water. The hydrogen introduced by the cofactor NADPH may be abstracted from C‐1 and C‐3 of glucose, through its regeneration in the pentose phosphate metabolism pathway, and contains hydrogen atoms of water. The exogenous acetate enters into the in vivo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in an efficient way and can make an important contribution to the biosynthesis of the lipids.
Exploring the Role of Anionic Lipid Nanodomains in the Membrane Disruption and Protein Folding of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Oligomers on Lipid Membrane Surfaces Using Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aggregation of human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) on cell membranes is linked to amyloid diseases. However, the physio-chemical mechanisms of how these hIAPP aggregates trigger membrane damage are unclear. Using coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the role of lipid nanodomains in the presence or absence of anionic lipids, phosphatidylserine (PS), and a ganglioside (GM1), in the membrane disruption and protein folding behaviors of hIAPP aggregates on phase-separated raft membranes. Our raft membranes contain liquid-ordered (Lo), liquid-disordered (Ld), mixed Lo/Ld (Lod), PS-cluster, and GM1-cluster nanosized domains. We observed that hIAPP aggregates bound to the Lod domain in the absence of anionic lipids, but also to the GM1-cluster- and PS-cluster-containing domains, with stronger affinity in the presence of anionic lipids. We discovered that L16 and I26 are the lipid anchoring residues of hIAPP binding to the Lod and PS-cluster domains. Finally, significant lipid acyl chain order disruption in the annular lipid shells surrounding the membrane-bound hIAPP aggregates and protein folding, particularly beta-sheet formation, in larger protein aggregates were evident. We propose that the interactions of hIAPP and both non-anionic and anionic lipid nanodomains represent key molecular events of membrane damage associated with the pathogenesis of amyloid diseases.
Tailoring Cross‐Cultural Competence Training

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study tests a new framework for capturing the different training needs required to become interculturally competent. Indications for the need for specialized training methods differentiated by target segments are provided. Many researchers have suggested that an overgeneralization of cultural differences within a proposed framework can lead to a gap between the skills being learned and the application of these skills in organizational practices. It has been also suggested that a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach might not be effective, as various aspects of the training need to be tailored in order to fit the culture and the specific organization. Comparing the short‐term and long‐term benefits of various training options, a problem arises when an individual has learned to be competent within a particular cultural setting but, in fact, she or he is not able to transfer that knowledge and use it appropriately in another cultural setting. We used a questionnaire to test not only the dimension of intercultural competence but also the level of emotional intelligence, communication styles, and character traits and the degree of correlation of these concepts. We also compare low‐context and high‐context cultures as an attempt to distinguish different subcategories of different cultural trends and needs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .
Development and Evaluation of the Posttraumatic Growth Status Inventory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Posttraumatic growth reflects beneficial psychological processes in persons with traumatic experiences. Existing measures of growth were criticized due to their retrospective self-report format that may cause biases in capturing the growth processes in individuals with several specific kinds of trauma, such as physical or psychological disabilities of close family members, bereavement and some others kinds of traumatic experience. In this case, the feelings of guilt may prevent the persons from being aware of the favorable personal changes. The objective of this study was to develop and to evaluate an alternative measuring instrument that uses a status quo response format instead of retrospective items and covers additional areas of growth-related changes. The samples comprised 440 adult persons with traumatic experience, including 181 parents of children with mental and/or physical disabilities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 7-factors solution, corresponding to the following subscales: Relationships to Others, New Possibilities, Personal Strength, Appreciation of Life, Spiritual Changes, Generativity, and Openness. Results showed good reliability and concurrent validity. The PGSI is recommended particularly for use in longitudinal studies as well as in samples of persons whose trauma relates to a severe psychological or physical disability in their families.
Piperine mitigates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the testicular damage induced by cyclophosphamide in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although cyclophosphamide (CP) has been approved as an anticancer drug, its toxic effect on most organs, especially the testis, has been established. Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid that has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. This study was investigated the protective effects of PIP on CP‐induced testicular toxicity in the mice. In this experimental study, 48 adult male BALB/c mice (30−35 g) were divided into six groups ( n = 8), receiving normal saline (C), 5 mg/kg of PIP (PIP5), 10 mg/kg of PIP (PIP10), 200 mg/kg of CP, 200 mg/kg of CP + PIP5, and 200 mg/kg of CP + PIP10. On the eighth day of the study, blood and testis samples were prepared for serum testosterone hormone quantification, sperm analysis, histological, and immunohistochemical assays. The results of this study showed that CP induced testicular toxicity with the decrease of sperm count, motility, and viability. Also, CP treatment caused histological structure alterations in the testis, including exfoliation, degeneration, vacuolation of spermatogenic cells, and reducing the thickness of the epithelium and the diameter of the seminiferous tubule. In addition, CP decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Caspase‐3, and NF‐κB. At the same time, PIP treatment reduced testicular histopathological abnormalities, oxidative stress, and apoptosis that were induced by CP. These results showed that PIP improved CP‐induced testicular toxicity in mice, which can be related to its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory activities.
Optimal Asset Allocation with Minimum Performance and Inflation Risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the dynamic asset allocation problem under inflation risk when the wealth of an investor is constrained with minimum requirements. To capture the investor's risk preference, the CRRA utility function is considered and he maximizes his expected utility at predetermined date of the refund by participation in the financial market. The financial market is supposed to consist of three kinds of financial instruments which are a risk free asset, a risky asset, and an index bond. The role of an index bond is managing inflation risk represented by price process. The optimal wealth and the optimal asset allocation are derived explicitly by using the method to get the European call option pricing formula. From the numerical results, it is confirmed that the investments on index bond is high when the investor's wealth level is low. However, as his wealth increases, the investments on index bond decreases and he invests on risky asset more. Furthermore, the minimum wealth constraint induces lower investment on risky asset but the effect of the constraints is reduced as the wealth level increases.
Is a definitive trial of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure versus standard oxygen therapy for acute respiratory failure indicated? The ACUTE pilot randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To determine the feasibility of a large-scale definitive multicentre trial of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in acute respiratory failure. Design A single-centre, open-label, individual patient randomised, controlled, external pilot trial. Setting A single UK Ambulance Service, between August 2017 and July 2018. Participants Adults with respiratory distress and peripheral oxygen saturations below British Thoracic Society target levels despite controlled oxygen treatment. Interventions Patients were randomised to prehospital CPAP (O-Two system) versus standard oxygen therapy in a 1:1 ratio using simple randomisation. Primary and secondary outcome measures Feasibility outcomes comprised recruitment rate, adherence to allocated treatment, retention and data completeness. The primary clinical outcome was 30-day mortality. Results 77 patients were enrolled (target 120), including 7 cases with a diagnosis where CPAP could be ineffective or harmful. CPAP was fully delivered in 74% (target 75%). There were no major protocol violations. Full data were available for all key outcomes (targets ≥90%). Overall 30-day mortality was 27.3%. Of these deceased patients, 14/21 (68%) either did not have a respiratory condition or had ceiling of treatment decisions implemented excluding hospital non-invasive ventilation and critical care. Conclusions Recruitment rate was below target and feasibility was not demonstrated. Limited compliance with CPAP, and difficulty in identifying patients who could benefit from CPAP, indicate that prehospital CPAP is unlikely to materially reduce mortality. A definitive effectiveness trial of CPAP is therefore not recommended. Trial registration number ISRCTN12048261; Post-results .
Limit distributions of expanding translates of certain orbits on homogeneous spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let L be a Lie group and Lambda a lattice in L. Suppose G is a non-compact simple Lie group realized as a Lie subgroup of L, and the image of G on L/Lambda is dense. Let c be a diagonalizable element of G not contained in a compact subgroup. Let U be the expanding horospherical subgroup of G associated to c. Let Omega be a nonempty open subset of U, and {n_i} be a sequence of natural numbers tending to infinity. It is shown that the image of the union of the sets c^{n_i}.Omega in L/Lambda is dense. A stronger measure theoretic formulation of this result is also obtained. Among other applications of the above result, we describe G-equivariant topological factors of the product space L/Lambda \times G/P, where the real rank of G is greater than 1, P is a parabolic subgroup of G, and G acts diagonally. We also describe equivariant topological factors of unipotent flows on finite volume homogeneous spaces of Lie groups.
Photovoltaic Bacteriorhodopsin Graphene-Cellulose Composite Transducers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An organic photovoltaic transducer is fabricated by combining bacteriorhodopsin (bR) purple membranes with a graphene - carboxymethyl cellulose (G-CMC) dispersion and depositing the solution on an optically transparent indium tin oxide coated substrate. The G-CMC nanoparticles act as charge carriers between the stacks of high resistance bR purple membrane sheets. Once dried the exposed surface of the bR-GCMC transducer is coated with a conductive epoxy to create a sandwiched photocell. The measured photovoltaic response of the composite transducer is more than 3.2× the voltage generated by a bR-only transducer. Experiments also demonstrate that the electrical resistance is significantly reduced from several hundred k-Ohms (bR-only) to <; 20Ω (bR-G-CMC). The chemical synthesis, device fabrication, and experimental characterization of the bR-G-CMC transducer are discussed.
Co-occurrence of nativeOstrea edulisand non-nativeCrassostrea gigasrevealed by monitoring of intertidal oyster populations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coastal ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to alien invasions. Regular, standardized, targeted monitoring of coastal areas helps to detect the arrival of non-native species early, identify sites most vulnerable to invasion, and assess potential for further spread. This study quantified the spread and changes in distribution of non-native oyster, Crassostrea gigas , populations around the coast of Ireland. In total 37 sites were surveyed, in areas which either currently or previously harboured cultivated C. gigas , for the presence and abundance of ‘wild’ C. gigas . Wild populations were identified at 20 sites and at four additional sites C. gigas was observed as recently discarded from aquaculture activity. Five of the invaded sites were identified as being highly suitable for a population expansion based on their current population status. Importantly, we also identified individuals of C. gigas and native European oysters, Ostrea edulis , co-occurring within the same shore at five sites. This is the first record to our knowledge of such co-occurrence within Europe. This evidence of co-existing oyster species raises concerns regarding the potential impact of C. gigas on recovering O. edulis populations. In Ireland, however, C. gigas does not typically spread extensively from introduction points, and although self-containing populations exist, they are currently sustained at a much lower density than those observed in other regions such as the Wadden Sea or French Atlantic coasts. We suggest, therefore, that to protect native oyster populations, C. gigas should be eradicated where co-occurring with O. edulis and recommend continuous monitoring of invaded sites.
Crisis intervention and psychoanalysis: compatible or antagonistic?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A discussion of "The Use of Psychoanalytic concepts in Crisis Intervention," by Robert Glick, M.D., and Arthur T. Myerson, M.D. Crisis intervention and psychoanalysis are frequently considered antagonistic or antithetical. Reasons for this seeming incompatibility of the two therapeutic modes are discussed along with the ways in which psychoanalytic concepts and techniques are used in crisis intervention. It is concluded that, while different, the two modalities are not antagonistic but extremely compatible.
Profile of science communication competence of junior high school students on science lesson

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Communication skills are important part of the curriculum and education programs. This study aims to describe science communication competence of a junior high school student in Cianjur. This research uses a descriptive method. The data analyzed quantitatively and presented in percentage. The result of students' science communication competence test is low. Addressee-oriented communication competency reaches 44.97% and Subject-adequate communication reaches 19.85%. Overall students' science communication competence is very low. There needs to be an improvement over it. One of the factors that cause the result is the lack of learning activities and teaching materials content that oriented to science communication. Researchers recommend improvements to learning activities and teaching materials that oriented to science communication competence.
Green function of fermions in 2D superconducting Fröhlich model with inhomogeneous order parameter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The fermion Green function and spectral characteristics for the 2D Fröhlich model of superconductivity at static fluctuations in the phase of the order parameter are calculated. The results demonstrate strongly non-Fermi-liquid properties of the system at finite temperatures and relate with the pseudogap behavior of high-Tc superconductors at relatively small charge carrier densities.