jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Egyptian Elderly Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes prevalence increases with age.In 2019, the IDF estimated the number of diabetic people above 65 years is 135.6 million (19.3%), expected to be 276.2 million in 2045, leading to a significant increase in the diabetes population of the aging societies in the next 25 years and the inevitable public health, and economic challenges this will bring.Aim: To evaluate how clinical characteristics, degree of control of glycemia, and presence of chronic complications differ between older and younger T2DM subjects.Methods: A cross-sectional study that includes 200 T2DM participants were classified into 2 groups.Group A includes 100 young subjects (<65years).Group B includes 100 old subjects (>65years).Detailed clinical history was taken.Also, HbA1c was measured.Results: Glycemic control was achieved in 46% of older diabetics vs. 37% of younger diabetics (HbA1c 7.2 vs 7.8), but statistically insignificant.Univariate analysis revealed non-obese vs. obese, DBP ≤85 vs >85, TC level ≤158 mg/dl vs >158, and TG level ≤129 mg/dl vs. >129 were statistically significant predictors of diabetic control.Multivariate analysis revealed non-obese state (OR=2.2) and DBP≤85mmHg (OR=2.1)were statistically significant independent predictors of the likelihood of diabetic control.The best cut-off values for DBP, TC, TG were 85, 158, 129, and the AUC were 0.593 (p=0.016),0.579 (p=0.053),0.574 (p=0.072)respectively, to identify the optimal levels for the prediction of a controlled diabetic state.Conclusion: Control of glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors was better in the elderly T2DM subjects, however, the complications were more common among them.
IMPACT OF A TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 3 LIGAND POLYINOSINIC-CYTIDYLIC ACID POLY(I:C) ADMINSTRATION ON NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN ABSENCE OR PRESENCE OF PEPTIDE VACCINATION -

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly(I:C)) has been used as an adjuvant to tumor immunotherapy. The present study aimed to address the impact of poly(I:C) treatment on the natural killer (NK) cells under vaccination or non-vaccination settings. To this end, naA¯ve CD8+Ly5.1+ OT-1 T-cells (1.5A—106) were adoptively transferred into Ly5.2 recipient mice. Mice were rested for 24 h after cell transfer and then vaccinated with subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 100 Âµg SIINFEKL OVA peptide. Non-vaccinated mice were injected with 100 Âµl PBS as control. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice were then treated with an intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection of 200 Âµg of poly(I:C) and 300 Âµl PBS, respectively. The results showed that poly(I:C) treatment increased the number of the transferred CD8+ T cells in blood, lymph nodes, spleen and liver in vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice at day 3 post-treatment. Poly(I:C) treatment also increased the expression of the NK cell marker NK1.1 on the transferred CD8+ T-cells. Significant increases in the numbers of NK cells were found in the liver after poly(I:C) treatment in vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice. Co-treatment with poly(I:C) at the primary and the secondary vaccination significantly increased the number of NK cells in lymph nodes and liver compartments. Collectively, poly(I:C) treatment in the presence of peptide vaccination increased the number of CD8+ T-cells and NK cells, which may explain the important role of NK cells to CD8 T-cells in general and under vaccination setting in particular.
THE USE OF RADIANT HEAT TO REDUCE THE INOCULUM LEVEL OF SILVER SCURF (HELMINTHOSPORIUM SOLANI) ON POTATO TUBERS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM) BEFORE STORAGE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Potatoes, Healthy Food for Humanity: International Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization THE USE OF RADIANT HEAT TO REDUCE THE INOCULUM LEVEL OF SILVER SCURF (HELMINTHOSPORIUM SOLANI) ON POTATO TUBERS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM) BEFORE STORAGE
Identification of 4‐lncRNA prognostic signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Deregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been critically implicated in tumorigenesis and serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Here we sought to develop a prognostic lncRNA signature in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Original RNA‐seq data of 499 HNSCC samples were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, which was randomly divided into training and testing set. Univariate Cox regression survival analysis, robust likelihood‐based survival model and random sampling iterations were applied to identify prognostic lncRNA candidates in the training cohort. A prognostic risk score was developed based on the Cox coefficient of four individual lncRNA imputed as follows: (0.14546 × expression level of RP11‐366H4.1) + (0.27106 × expression level of LINC01123) + (0.54316 × expression level of RP11‐110I1.14) + (−0.48794 × expression level of CTD‐2506J14.1). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that patients with high‐risk score had significantly reduced overall survival as compared with those with low‐risk score when patients in training, testing, and validation cohorts were stratified into high‐ or low‐risk subgroups. Multivariate survival analysis further revealed that this 4‐lncRNA signature was a novel and important prognostic factor independent of multiple clinicopathological parameters. Importantly, ROC analyses indicated that predictive accuracy and sensitivity of this 4‐lncRNA signature outperformed those previously well‐established prognostic factors. Noticeably, prognostic score based on quantification of these 4‐lncRNA via qRT‐PCR in another independent HNSCC cohort robustly stratified patients into subgroups with high or low survival. Taken together, we developed a robust 4‐lncRNA prognostic signature for HNSCC that might provide a novel powerful prognostic biomarker for precision oncology.
Current issues of heart biophysics in study of cardiology topics by students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article is devoted to highlighting the importance of the fundamentals of biophysics in teaching cardiology topics to students. Cardiac biophysics, as a scientific discipline, encompasses sections of medical biophysics, including bioenergetics, bioelectricity, and metabolic biophysics. These areas explore the physical aspects of cardiac function across all levels of biological organization — starting from the molecular scale to the analysis of intracardiac hemodynamics under different conditions. Studying cardiology topics for students should involve the application of knowledge about modern instrumental diagnostic methods such as EchoCG, CT, MRI, and PET, along with emerging technologies for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, which is highly relevant and actual.
Paradoxical (REM) Sleep Deprivation Causes a Large and Rapidly Reversible Decrease in Long-Term Potentiation, Synaptic Transmission, Glutamate Receptor Protein Levels, and ERK/MAPK Activation in the Dorsal Hippocampus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Study Objectives:It has been shown that wake (W) and slow wave sleep (SWS) modulate synaptic transmission in neocortical projections. However the impact of paradoxical sleep (PS) quantities on synaptic transmission remains unknown. We examined whether PS modulated the excitatory transmission and expression of glutamate receptor subtypes and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p- ERK1/2).
Ctenidio molluscae-Seslerietum uliginosae Klika 1943 em. Głazek 1983 - a new association for Poland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Paper presents ecological and phytosociological relationships of <em>Ctenidio molluscae-Seslerietum uliginosae (Caricion davallianae alliance)</em> - association new-distinguished for Poland. Its phytocoenoses occur in the eutrophic habitats within Kielce county and such mezoregiones as Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Szydłowskie Highlands, Pińczowski Hump and Nida Valley. The association was compared with the analogous one from Czechoslovakia. It was also proved to be well floristicly and ecologicaly stabilized.
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes and monitoring of doping by Raman spectroscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNx-SWNTs) with tunable dopant concentrations were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and their structure and elemental composition were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). By comparing the Raman spectra of pristine and doped nanotubes, we observed the doping-induced Raman G band phonon stiffening and 2D band phonon softening, both of which reflect doping-induced renormalization of the electron and phonon energies in the nanotubes and behave as expected in accord with the n-type doping effect. On the basis of first principles calculations of the distribution of delocalized carrier density in both the pristine and doped nanotubes, we show how the n-type doping occurs when nitrogen heteroatoms are substitutionally incorporated into the honeycomb tube-shell carbon lattice.
Performance of Bearing Estimators Subject to Nonideal Inputs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The practical case of computing the bearing θ to an object given N noisy measurements of the orthogonal components of the direction vector (X, Y) by using either θ̂ = arctan (〈Y/X〉) (1) or θ̂ = 〈arctan〉 (Y/X) (2) has been previously studied and reported for ideal descriptions of the noise associated with X and Y; namely, equal variance (σx2 = σy2) and zero correlation (ρxy = 0). Further analysis removes these restrictions. It is shown that both methods are asymptotically efficient but only Eq. 1 remains asymptotically unbiased for ρxy≠0 (in fact, Eq. 1 is a maximum likelihood estimator). For finite N, nonideal inputs cause bias with either method. Performance curves relating bias and estimation variance to signal-to-noise ratio, σx/σy, ρxy, N, and θ are developed which show that, as before, Eq. 1 is the preferable estimator in virtually all practical situations.
Fidelização de consumidoras no varejo de roupas e calçados femininos a partir da satisfação com atributos qualitativos

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: There are few studies about satisfaction with qualitative attributes and their factors which women look for when shopping for clothes and female shoes in the Brazilian retail market, and that is the main objective of this study, which consists in identifying the qualitative attributes that promote the service quality factors perceived by consumers in the retail market of women’s clothing and shoes in order to obtain a higher satisfaction and fidelity for this segment.Design: The methodology used was subdivided into two stages: an exploratory qualitative stage and another stage using a descriptive qualitative research with 240 female consumers in the retail market of clothes and shoes.Findings: The results of this study show a positive correlation between satisfaction and the intention of repurchasing. Four main factors were identified using a Factorial Analysis: Attending, products, service and infrastructure.Research limitations: Study was limited to women in clothing and shoes retail in only one city.Practical implications: Based on the results it was possible to establish a competitive position of the retail sector for the target market and strategy actions for improvement and to increase loyalty among the female consumers to the stores.Social implications: Reduction of consumer dissatisfaction in the retail of women's clothing and shoes.Originality/value: Academic contributions to broaden the understanding of women’s shopping behavior in the retail market of shoes and clothes based on the identification of important attributes and factors for service quality.
Clinical and oncological course of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with local carmustine wafers in relation to the methylation status of the MGMT promotor – preliminary results of CARENTA – a prospective multicentre observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is an established biomarker in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) patients. It enhances the effectiveness of alkylating chemotherapy and by such affects the progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Standardized[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
BER Assessment of FEC Incorporated OFDM-MPSK Wireless System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to elevated data rate transmission, fading immunity and bandwidth efficient capability, OFDM comes out as a key technology in contemporary wireless communication systems. Additionally, to access error free transmission, diverse channel codes for instance Convolution Codes (CC), Reed Solomon (RS) and BCH codes are being used in the previous work. In this work, an OFDM based M-PSK wireless system is demonstrated incorporating diverse channel encoding techniques over Rayleigh fading channel. The performance of the simulated test-bed is investigated via BER assessment as a function of SNR. Our simulation results reports a significant improvement in BER of the simulated system using BCH over CC and RS.
Effect of spray‐drying parameters on the solubility and the bulk density of camel milk powder: A response surface methodology approach

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Response surface methodology coupled with a Box–Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effect of the air inlet drying temperature, the feed rate, and the fat content on the solubility and the bulk density of spray‐dried camel and cow milk powders. The response surface methodology analysis highlighted that milk fat content and feed rate were the most effective parameters affecting the solubility and the bulk density of cow and camel milk powders. Importantly, there was no significant interaction between the studied drying parameters and camel milk powder solubility or bulk density. Overall, camel milk powder exhibited a comparable solubility to that of cow milk powder with a higher bulk density.
ATTACKING ILLEGALITY WITH MORE ILLEGALITY. THE CASE OF FEDERAL PRESIDENTIAL INTERVENTION IN THE STATE OF MICHOACÁN, MEXICO

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

DOI: 10.12957/rqi.2017.28625ResumoO México experimentou a pior crise de violência em sua história contemporânea como resultado da guerra contra o crime organizado (narcotráfico) lançada pelo governo federal em 2007. Durante essa guerra, o governo federal e suas agências responsáveis pela segurança pública (exército e polícia) comprometeram incontáveis violações das instituições do país. Este artigo aplica uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa para analisar os efeitos da intervenção política e jurídica do governo federal do México no estado de Michoacán em 2014. Nossa hipótese é que o governo atacou os crimes gerados pelas operações de grupos de delinquentes organizados cometendo violações à própria lei; Uma tentativa de resolver a ilegalidade com mais ilegalidade. A falta de um compromisso claro do governo mexicano com o estado de direito enfraquece as ações que implementa para combater os cartéis de drogas e contribui para perpetuar a corrupção que é uma das principais causas estruturais da violência criminal no país.Palavras-chave: crime organizado, corrupção, atos inconstitucionais, grupos de autodefesa, MéxicoAbstractMexico has experienced the worst crisis of violence in its contemporary history as a result of the war on organized crime (drug-trafficking) launched by the federal government in 2007. During this war, the federal government and its agencies responsible for ensuring public safety (army, police) have committed countless violations of the country’s institutions. This article applies a qualitative methodological approach to analyze the effects of the political and juridical intervention by Mexico’s federal government in the state of Michoacán in 2014. Our hypothesis is that the government attacked the crimes generated by the operations of organized delinquent groups by committing violations of the law itself; an attempt to resolve lawlessness with more lawlessness. The Mexican government’s lack of any clear commitment to the rule of law weakens the actions it implements to combat drug cartels, and contributes to perpetuating the corruption that is one of the main structural causes of criminal violence in the country.Keywords: organized crime, corruption, unconstitutional acts, Self-Defense groups, Mexico
Knowledge Level of Dry Skin Care in The Elderly at The Koto Tangah Regional Health Center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The occurrence of dry skin in the elderly requires good and extra skin care. The incidence and severity of dry skin increases with age. Dry skin conditions in the elderly can cause discomfort and can even cause disease, such as atopic dermatitis which is a disease caused by inflammation of the skin. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of dry skin care in the elderly at the Koto Tangah Health Center in the city of Padang. Methods. This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was selected by technique consecutive sampling and this research requires a minimum of 100 samples. Results. The knowledge level of dry skin care of the respondents is mostly in the medium category (62%), the age of the majority of respondents was in the age category of 60-70 years (65%), the sex of the majority of respondents was male (53%), most respondents had primary school education (56%), worked as laborer (26%), and live with their families (83%). Conclusion. The level of knowledge of nursing for most of the elderly dry skin is in the medium category.
Less Invasive Fixation of Acute Avulsions of the Achilles Tendon: A Technical Note

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Nowadays, surgical treatment of acute avulsions of the Achilles tendon represents a hard challenge. There is often the possibility that the calcaneus remains completely uncovered from the tendon, making the reinsertion of its distal stub complex. At the same time, the standard open surgical technique could cause difficult wound healing because of the weak blood supply, the increasing possibility of rupture, and the bacterial contamination. To overcome these risks, less invasive procedures should be considered. Methods: We developed an innovative minimally invasive procedure for fixation of acute avulsions of the Achilles tendon employing an integration of four longitudinal stab incisions and one distal semicircular Cincinnati incision. In this way, the distal Achilles tendon stub and the calcaneal insertion are exhibited. Results: We basted the tendon through percutaneous sutures performed across the four stab incisions with a Mayo needle threaded with Ultrabraid. The procedure is repeated with another loop of Ultrabraid. After having bruised the calcaneus bone insertion of the tendon, two sites for two suture anchors were prepared using a specific hole preparation device for the anchors’ footprint. Finally, we placed two suture anchors to reinsert the tendon to the calcaneal insertion. Conclusion: Our new less invasive technique is a promising alternative optional procedure for the Achilles tendon (AT) avulsion repair allowing clear exposure of the Achilles tendon insertion, maintaining the longitudinal wholeness of the dermis, and minimizing possible associated complications.
The role of differentiation state in reprogramming of somatic cells into\ninduced pluripotent stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction 1.1 Mammalian development 1.2 Classification of cells and their\ndevelopmental potential 1.3 Pluripotent stem cells 1.3.1 ES cells and\npluripotency 1.3.2 Pluripotency factors 1.3.3 Other types of pluripotent cells\n- EC, EG, ES-like and EpiS cell 1.4 Epigenetic regulation in pluripotent cells\n1.5 Different strategies to reprogram somatic cells 1.5.1 Reprogramming by\nnuclear transfer 1.5.2 Reprogramming by cell fusion 1.5.3 Culture-induced\nreprogramming 1.5.4 “Trans-differentiation” / ”Lineage-conversion” 1.5.5\nDirect reprogramming by defined transcription factors into induced pluripotent\nstem (iPS) cells 1.5.6 Potential clinical and pharmaceutical applications of\niPS cells 1.5.7 Development of a “secondary” iPS system 2\\. Aims of this\nthesis 3\\. List of publications 3.1 Publication 1: Stem Cells manuscript\nEminli et al. 2008 3.2 Publication 2: Nature Genetics manuscript Eminli et al.\n2009 3.3 Additional data for Nature Genetics manuscript Eminli et al. 2009 4\\.\nErklärung über Eigenanteil an den Publikationen 5\\. Discussion 5.1 Somatic\ncells from all three germ layers can be reprogrammed into iPS cells (Aim 1.1\npublished in Eminli et al. 2008) 5.2 Sox2 is dispensable for the reprogramming\nof NPCs into iPS cells (Aim 1.2 published in Eminli et al. 2008) 5.3\nDifferentiation state determines reprogramming potential of hematopoietic\ncells into iPS cells (Aim 2 published in Eminli et al. 2009) 5.4 Perspectives\n6\\. Summary 7\\. Zusammenfassung 8\\. Bibliography 9\\. Abbreviation list 10\\.\nPublication record 11\\. Acknowledgements-Danksagung 12\\. Eidesstattliche\nErklärung
Cosmic Compassion as a viewpoint to all-encompassing nature and human society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present essay is an attempt at pursuing understanding about the widely spread tendency of human thinking to perceive ”nature” as the outside of human society and culture. The attempt has been carried out by investigating, and also developing, the notion of compassion found in selected writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78). The essay follows Rousseau in finding compassion a fundamental aspect of the existence of, at least, many animal species and then examining how the social development of humanity has affected our relation to this ”pure emotion of nature”. Inspired by Rousseau, and secondary level education about modern sciences, the essay adopts an outlook of nature as all-encompassing connectedness of worldly beings, outside of which nothing can exist. Thus human societies, in which ideas about defining nature as the outside of humanity are conceived, are also recognised as being thoroughly in and of nature. This result will then provide some interesting ways of viewing, for example, the nature of ”environmental problems” that human societies are nowadays known to be facing.
Exchange Rates by Nuclear Magnetic Multiple Resonance. III. Exchange Reactions in Systems with Several Nonequivalent Sites

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The nuclear magnetic multiple resonance method for the study of chemical exchange rates has been applied to systems in which a nucleus X is reversibly exchanged between three nonequivalent sites. A procedure is outlined, which is applicable to systems with any number of sites and permits the determination of the lifetime τK at any one site K. In this procedure the effective ``relaxation time'' τ1K and the equilibrium z magnetization, M0K (τ1K/T1K), are determined in experiments (Type I) in which the X signals at all other sites are completely saturated. The rate constants λKL and λLK of the individual exchange reactions (K⇄L) may then be determined in Type II experiments in which the signals of all sites excluding K and L are saturated. In Type II experiments only the equilibrium signal intensities need be measured. The method has been applied to the base-catalyzed proton exchange in the keto—enol system of acetylacetone and it was found that exchange between the olefinic =CH and hydroxylic —OH protons occurs merely as a consequence of the keto—enol transformation. Within the accuracy of the measurements no evidence was found for a proton exchange between the =CH and —OH protons which does not involve the CH2 group in the keto form as an intermediate.