jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
First regional evaluation of nuclear genetic diversity and population structure in northeastern coyotes (Canis latrans)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous genetic studies of eastern coyotes ( Canis latrans ) are based on one of two strategies: sampling many individuals using one or very few molecular markers, or sampling very few individuals using many genomic markers. Thus, a regional analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in eastern coyotes using many samples and several molecular markers is lacking. I evaluated genetic diversity and population structure in 385 northeastern coyotes using 16 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A region-wide analysis of population structure revealed three primary genetic populations, but these do not correspond to the same three subdivisions inferred in a previous analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. More focused geographic analyses of population structure indicated that ample genetic structure occurs in coyotes from an intermediate contact zone where two range expansion fronts meet. These results demonstrate that genotyping several highly heterozygous SNPs in a large, geographically dense sample is an effective way to detect cryptic population genetic structure. The importance of SNPs in studies of population and wildlife genomics is rapidly increasing; this study adds to the growing body of recent literature that demonstrates the utility of SNPs ascertained from a model organism for evolutionary inference in closely related species.
Conductivity of HVDC Cable Insulation Materials: Case Study between XLPE Nanocomposite and Polymer Filled XLPE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extruded HVDC power cables have been aroused intensive attention in the recent years and a rapid rise in voltage level for cable systems highlights the electrical tolerance of insulation materials. As one of the key factors for HVDC cable insulation design, conductivity is required to be low enough to reduce thermal runaway. Various methods have been used to decrease conductivity of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). However, a significant obstacle for conductivity measurement is to obtain a representative results from a short time test. In this study, based on the same low density polyethylene (LDPE), conductivity of a nano Al 2 O 3 /XLPE composite and a polymer filled XLPE from 30°C to 90°C were investigated. It reveals that recorded current curves of nano composite show a similar behavior to ordinary XLPE, which differs significantly from that of the polymer filled XLPE. The reason may lie in space charge behaviors in these samples. And calculated conductivity of polymer filled XLPE is much lower than that of nano Al 2 O 3 /XLPE composite below 70°C and ordinary XLPE. Addition of polymer fillers increases thermal activation energy more significantly than nano-fillers does. These results may give an inspiration for the measurement of conductivity and development for HVDC cable insulation materials.
Integration of EEG/MEG with MRI and fMRI in Functional Neuroimaging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

EEG and MEG are important functional neuroimaging modalities for studying the temporal dynamics of neural activities and interactions, but the accurate localization of neural activities still remains a challenging problem. Combining EEG/MEG with MRI or/and functional MRI (fMRI) holds promise to significantly increase the spatial resolution of electromagnetic source imaging, and at the same time, allows tracing the rapid neural processes and information pathways within the brain, which cannot be achieved using these modalities in isolation. In this paper, we review some recent progresses in multimodal neuroimaging, with special emphasis on the integration of EEG, MEG with MRI and fMRI. Some examples are shown to illustrate the importance of the combined source analysis in clinical and experimental studies.
Significant factors of violence against women in urban and rural community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction . The research is focused on the issue of domestic violence against women. It deals with the definition of violence, concepts and models of individual areas by summarising the research findings and the possibilities of methodological tools for measurement of significant factors of violence against women. Aim. The primary goal of the research is to define significant factors which determine violence against women. Material and Methods. Methods of research – survey, document analysis and database statistical analysis. Results. Primary results of quantitative research reveal that women of all ages and educational groups are at risk. Mostly women aged 26–45, living in rural areas with middle school education without maturity exam (final exam). Violence in families involves men of all age groups with emphasis on increased incidence in specific categories: mostly men aged 36–45, living in rural areas with secondary (high school or comprehensive school) education. Another field of interest represents analysis of negative family situations, impact of violence against woman on her psychological conditions, and reasons why victims carry on marriage and/or partnership. Conclusions . It can be concluded that the most frequent negative phenomena during aggressor's and/or victim's childhood were physical violence of father against mother, alcohol – possibly father's alcoholism, poverty, physical punishment of children, and patriarchal model of the family. Two thirds of victims continue marriage/partnership in order to maintain the family, to keep the father for children, and for financial reasons. There is a frequent social criminality in poor biological families of aggressors, i.e., a commission of crime because of lack of finances.
High-Throughput Volatilome Fingerprint Using PTR–ToF–MS Shows Species-Specific Patterns in Mortierella and Closely Related Genera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In ecology, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have a high bioactive and signaling potential. VOCs are not only metabolic products, but are also relevant in microbial cross talk and plant interaction. Here, we report the first large-scale VOC study of 13 different species of Mortierella sensu lato (s.l.) isolated from a range of different alpine environments. Proton Transfer Reaction–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR–ToF–MS) was applied for a rapid, high-throughput and non-invasive VOC fingerprinting of 72 Mortierella s.l. isolates growing under standardized conditions. Overall, we detected 139 mass peaks in the headspaces of all 13 Mortierella s.l. species studied here. Thus, Mortierellas.l. species generally produce a high number of different VOCs. Mortierella species could clearly be discriminated based on their volatilomes, even if only high-concentration mass peaks were considered. The volatilomes were partially phylogenetically conserved. There were no VOCs produced by only one species, but the relative concentrations of VOCs differed between species. From a univariate perspective, we detected mass peaks with distinctively high concentrations in single species. Here, we provide initial evidence that VOCs may provide a competitive advantage and modulate Mortierella s.l. species distribution on a global scale.
Low Energy Neutrino and Dark Matter Physics with sub-keV Germanium Detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theme of the TEXONO-CDEX research program is on the studies of low energy neutrino and dark matter physics at Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory and China Jin-Ping Underground Laboratory. The current goal is to open the "sub-keV" detector window with germanium detectors. The three main scientific subjects are neutrino magnetic moments, neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, and dark matter searches. We highlight the status, results and plans in this article.
Effect of body condition and energy utilization on the length of post-partum anoestrus in PRID-treated and untreated post-partumBos indicus(Zebu) cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Forty-five Bos indicus (zebu) cows were blocked by body condition (BC) score at calving and allocated by body weight (BW) to three treatments: untreated controls (CON), and progesterone-releasing intra-vaginal device (PRID)-treated at either 45 (T45) or 60 days (T60) post partum. Cows were given food individually and blood-sampled three times a week for progesterone. Calves sucked twice a day and were weighed weekly. PRIDs resulted in only 21% of cows responding at 60 days and they did not reduce anoestrus (PPI) or calving interval (CI) (P > 0·05). Dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were 7·1 (s.e. 0·6) kg and 54·3 (s.e. 4·6) MJ/day, respectively. BC score and BW at calving, and ME intake influenced cow and calf average daily gain ranging from −580 to 625 and 331 to 868 g/day, respectively. Milk yield during the first 4 months was 507 (s.e. 97) l. Cows gained 25 kg per unit increase in condition but lost 50 kg for a unit decline. CI (mean 14·2, range 10 to 24 months) was inversely related to BC score at calving (r = −0·31) and was delayed by a long PPI (r = 0·51), ranging from 38 to 297 days. Most (95%) cows experienced one or more ‘silent ovulations’ before first oestrus, the number extending PPI length (r = 0·49, P < 0·001). Efficiency of ME utilization was higher for smaller cows of 240 (s.e. 28) kg at calving. It is concluded that: (1) PRID treatment before 60 days post partum is unlikely to reduce anoestrus in Boran zebu cattle; (2) given adequate energy intake zebu cattle in thin condition at calving initially replenish body reserves at the cost of lactation and experience more ‘silent’ ovarian activity before returning to oestrus; (3) cows in good condition at calving express maximum lactation potential, mobilizing their own body reserves to support milk production, yet resume oestrous activity earlier despite weight losses to support higher milk yields.
Overcoming the Bulk Funding Blockage: The Ministerial Reference Group on School Staffing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The report of the Ministerial Reference Group on school staffing, while ostensibly addressing the mechanism by which the supply of teachers to schools is calculated, has greater significance for schools. Its recommendations appear to be related to neo-liberal theories of the state. Not only do they provide another opportunity for schools to choose to be bulk funded for teacher salaries, but they also introduce competition between schools by reducing staffing levels in smaller schools, and by providing capped contestable pools of funds for which schools must compete. The article explores the implications of these developments for the national collective contracts of teachers.
Restringing Instruments

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

I am writing in response to a question and answer in the “Clinical issues” column of the April AORN Journal (page 835). The question was related to washing and restringing instruments in the OR after each procedure. I certainly agree with the part of the response that outlines correct cleaning practices and supports decontamination in a dedicated area separate from the OR. Instrument decontamination should not be done in ORs. I believe, however, that it is a scrub person's responsibility to remove gross soil as it accumulates on instruments intraoperatively to ensure that these items remain in working order and are easier to clean when it comes time to process them in the decontamination area. I must take issue, though, with the comment that indicates that restringing instruments is a “poor use of valuable OR time” and that instrument damage will occur. On the contrary, it is when instruments are not restrung and are transported to decontamination in a haphazard fashion that damage occurs. At the end of a procedure, it is only too easy for heavy instruments to be placed on top of delicate ones, for ring handles to become tangled, and fine tips to become bent or chipped. A tangled mess of instruments often takes an inordinate amount of time to sort out in preparation for processing in decontamination. To OR staff members who have never done it, restringing instruments at the end of a procedure may seem like an impossibly time-consuming task; however, it can be done. Instruments do not have to be completely clean. Cleaning will occur in the separate decontamination area. Instruments do not have to be checked for function and placed in correct order on the stringer. That will be done in the preparation area of the sterile processing department (or OR). I have worked in many ORs where restringing or pegging is an expectation of the scrub nurse. It is done routinely and without difficulty. Every OR nurse has a responsibility to protect instruments from damage. Restringing is one consistent and relatively easy way in which to do this. It is in no way substandard instrument care.
A 24-sectors direct power control-feedforward neural network method of DFIG integrated to dual-rotor wind turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p class="Abstract">In this work, a 24-sector direct power control (24-sector DPC) of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based dual-rotor wind turbine (DRWT) is studied. The major disadvantage of the 24-DPC control is the steady-state ripples in reactive and active powers. The use of 24 sectors of rotor flux, a feedforward neural network (FNN) algorithm is proposed to improve traditional 24-sector DPC performance and minimize significantly harmonic distortion (THD) of stator current and reactive/active power ripple. The proposed method is modeled and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink software under different tests and compared with conventional 24-sector DPC.</p>
A Proportionate Fast NLMS with Competent Individual Activation Factors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents the CIAF-PFNLMS algorithm, an abbreviation for Proportionate Fast Normalized Least Mean Square with Competent Individual Activation Factors. This algorithm provides a competent method for calculating individual activation factors. This guarantees that the gain remains proportional to its associated coefficient even when the coefficient is inactive, in accordance with the concept of proportionality. This proves very beneficial in scenarios involving sparse impulse responses, leading to significant performance improvements. Additionally, the algorithm smoothly integrates the Fast Normalized Least Mean Square (FNLMS) adaptation gain into its framework, making it effective in environments with dispersive impulse responses and capable of accurately tracking echo path variations. In our study, we performed simulations to validate the capabilities of the proposed algorithm. We evaluated its performance across a range of scenarios, including sparse and dispersive environments, non-stationary situations, and compared it with established algorithms.
The Psychophysiology of Yoga Regulated Breathing (Pranayamas)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of yoga is to attain a mental state free from disturbance. Various yoga techniques have been prescribed for this in traditional yoga texts. The ancient yoga masters realized there was a close association between the functioning of the breath and the mind. Voluntarily regulated yoga breathing (pranayama) involves regulating various aspects of breathing of breathing: (i) breathing through one or both nostrils (ii) increasing the depth of breathing (iii) breathing with a period of breath holding (iv) exhaling with the production of a sound (v) breathing through the mouth and (vi) increasing the rate of breathing. The present chapter discusses these yoga breathing techniques. This chapter also discusses the psychophysiological effects of yoga regulated breathing based on the findings of scientific studies on the psychophysiology of yoga regulated breathing.
A novel method to synthesize cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanowires from cobalt (Co) nanobowls

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A novel method suitable for the synthesis of the cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) nanowires at targeted regions is presented in this report. Cobalt (Co) nanobowls synthesized by colloidal crystal directed assembly were transformed into Co 3 O 4 nanowires by a simple heat treatment process. Co nanobowls exhibited a two phase (h.c.p. + f.c.c.) microstructure while single phase microstructure was observed for Co 3 O 4 nanowires. Ferromagnetic Co nanobowls showed a dependence of coercivity on bowl size while Co 3 O 4 exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior.
Planning for a good death: a neglected but essential part of ESRD care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Planning a "good death" is a neglected, but essential, part of the care of patients with end stage renal disease and their families. Many of these patients do not have advance directives and few utilize palliative care. Guidelines from medical and specialty nursing organizations regarding end-of-life (EOL) issues and palliative care have been developed, but they are not consistently used by the nephrology community. Nephrology nurses are frequently positioned to begin EOL discussions with patients and families, and advanced practice nurses are in a unique position to coordinate and facilitate a patient's transition from chronic to terminal illness and to increase the likelihood that the patient and family experience a "good death". This article reviews the need for practice improvement in EOL care and a review of the current literature.
Industrial oily wastewater treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this dissertation, conventional processes for oily wastewater treatment were discussed and dissolved air flotation (DAF) coupled with flocculation pretreatment was proposed as the most effective process to remove emulsified oil from wastewater mainly due to the reasons that microbubble, longer residence time and quiescent hydrodynamic conditions provided by DAF process are essential to effectively separate emulsified oil from wastewater. Subsequent studies mainly focused on the factors affecting the flocculation and dissolved air flotation process, surface science of air flotation, and optimization of operating parameters which are essential to achieve optimal removal efficiency.
Problems of Attracting Private Deposits and Their Insurance Coverage

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The hard times in the economy fuelled by the sanctions policy of Western countries force the monetary authorities to increase efforts to attract deposits of the population that should be viewed not only as a tool to provide income to the depositor and the bank that places raised funds in the financial market but also as a powerful mechanism for influencing the creation of the investment climate in the economy. The paper examines the development specifics of the bank deposit market, determines the factors that influence both the policy of banks in this field and the behavior of the population. The trends in the bank deposit market development are revealed; the specific features of bank activities in the course of observable changes are assessed. The paper draws attention to the fact that investment amounts depend on many factors not the least of which are the profitability and reliability of deposits. The latter is ensured by various methods including the deposit insurance which, according to the authors, needs reformation.
Anthropology and learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is often said that learning, as an aspect of knowledge acquisition and transmission, is at the very core of the anthropological discipline and the concept of culture (Friedman-Hansen, 1982: 189; Lave, 1982). While specific anthropological attention to learning is relatively recent, anthropology's broader concern with the ways in which individuals acquire the skills, practices, values and beliefs that enable them to become productive participants in their society takes many forms and dates back to the early stages of the discipline. Anthropological theories on learning are as varied as the discipline itself, encompassing perspectives fromevolutionary and biological anthropology (Bock, 2010; Flinn and Ward, 2005; McElreath, 2004; Leigh, 2001), linguistics and archeology (Locke and Bogin, 2006; King, 1999; Ochs, 1998; Schieffelin and Ochs, 1986; Crown, 2010, 2007), and socio-cultural anthropology (Lave and Wenger, 1991; Comitas and Dolgin, 1978; Wolcott, 1982). While these sub-disciplines bring a range of theoretical conceptualizations to the issue of learning, they also share common assumptions about anthropology's approach to learning. These commonalities will be considered in the final section of this chapter. This chapter will focus on the perspective from cultural and social anthropology, whose initial engage-ment with the issue of learning has been hugely influenced by research in psychology. A brief overview of the theoretical trends and approaches that have informed and shaped anthropology's interest in learning will be followed by an examination of some of the key issues and concerns that underpin anthropology's contemporary engagement with the issue of learning.
Salvage First MTP Arthrodesis Utilizing ICBG: Clinical Evaluation and Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twelve patients (12 feet) underwent salvage first metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis with structural, interposition autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG). Eight patients had a bony defect secondary to failed first MTP joint implant arthroplasties, two had avascular necrosis (AVN) after failed bunion surgery, one had a nonunion of an attempted arthrodesis for failed bunion surgery, and one had been treated for osteomyelitis after cheilectomy. Eleven of the cases had a single dorsal plate secured by screws and one case had two plates, one dorsal and one medial. A plate, crossed screw(s) and/or K-wire combination were chosen in four cases. Indications included first MTP joint pain, metatarsalgia, intractable plantar keratoses (IPK), as well as a functionally and cosmetically short first ray refractory to non surgical management. Average preoperative shortening was 8.5 mm (range 5–17). Clinical arthrodesis was achieved after an average of 12 weeks (range 4–20). Radiographic arthrodesis was achieved in eleven of twelve feet at an average of 15 weeks (range 8–28), with one pseudoarthrosis. AOFAS forefoot clinical rating score averaged 70 points (max 90 after first MTP arthrodesis) at an average follow-up of 22 months (range 5–70). Sesamoiditis, prominent hardware and scar sensitivity were prevalent complaints in four patients postoperatively. Two cases required flap coverage for skin necrosis. Relief of metatarsalgia, good hallux alignment as well as improved patient satisfaction and function were achieved in all cases. There was no symptomatic progression of interphalangeal degenerative change postoperatively.