jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of an EM-compatible large moving range transducer 3D positioning system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, positioning systems are required for scientific, medical and industrial applications. A novel electromagnetic (EM) compatible positioning system with large moving range is presented. The design is a computer-controlled three axis position system which mechanical parts are built of EM-compatible materials like wood and Nylamid to avoid EM-interference during electromagnetic experiments. Stepping motors produce the system motion when a controller circuit translates and processes the direction user that is indicated through a computer interface.
A Proposed Model for Prosowing Seed Treatments to Promote Germination and Seedling Emergence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Various presowing seed treatments have been used to enhance the rates of germination and afterward seedling emergence. Seeds treated by them occasionally have not shown the same rate in indoor and field. The presowing treatments considering germination mechanism and factors affecting germination should be totally included in indoor experiments so that the results drawn could be reproduced in the field. Seed drying after the treatments and field conditions after sowing especially able to show Phytochromemediated responses related to light treatment must be determined prior to force the treatments to seeds. After set up these prerequisites to promote the rates of germination and emergence, many seed treatments proposed so far must be fixed how to be done; alone, sequential and simultaneous.
Multilevel modelling of complex survey longitudinal data with time varying random effects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Longitudinal observations consist of repeated measurements on the same units over a number of occasions, with fixed or varying time spells between the occasions. Each vector observation can be viewed therefore as a time series, usually of short length. Analyzing the measurements for all the units permits the fitting of low-order time series models, despite the short lengths of the individual series. We illustrate this paradigm using simulated data that follow the rotation scheme of the Israel Labor Force Survey (LFS). This survey employs a rotating panel sampling scheme of two quarters in the sample, two quarters out of the sample and then two quarters in again. The model consists of two-level linear models for single time points that are connected by allowing the second level effects (corresponding to households) and the first level residuals (corresponding to individuals) to evolve stochastically over time. The likelihood of the model is easily constructed by employing the time series properties of the combined model. However, in view of the large number of unknown parameters, direct maximization of the likelihood could yield unstable estimators. Therefore, a two-stage procedure is adopted. At the first stage, a separate two-level model is fitted for each time point, thus yielding estimators for the fixed effects and the variances. At the second stage, the time series likelihood is maximized only with respect to the time series model parameters. This two-stage procedure has the further advantage of permitting appropriate first and second level weighting to account for possible informative sampling effects. Empirical results when fitting the model to data collected by the Israel LFS are also presented
A randomized, crossover pharmacokinetic study comparing generic tacrolimus vs. the reference formulation in subpopulations of kidney transplant patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract An exploratory, post hoc analysis was performed using data from a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized, two‐period (14 d per period), two‐sequence, crossover, steady‐state pharmacokinetic study comparing generic tacrolimus ( S andoz) vs. reference tacrolimus in stable renal transplant patients receiving their pre‐study twice‐daily dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared in 68 patients according to gender, A frican A merican ethnicity, the presence or absence of diabetes, and use of steroids. The ratios of tacrolimus AUC 0–12 h , C max , and C 12 with generic vs. reference tacrolimus were calculated using the geometric mean ( GM ) of dose‐normalized values at days 14 and 28. Mean ( SD ) tacrolimus dose at baseline was 5.7 (4.2) mg/d. There were no consistent differences in dose‐normalized AUC 0–12 h , C 12 , C max, or t max between the generic and reference preparations within subpopulations. The 90% confidence intervals ( CI ) for the ratios of dose‐normalized AUC 0–12 h and C 12 with generic vs. reference tacrolimus were within 80–125% for all subpopulations, as were 90% CI s for C max other than for females, A frican A mericans, and non‐diabetics, which is not unexpected given the wide variability of tacrolimus C max and the small subpopulation sizes. These exploratory results suggest that this generic tacrolimus preparation would be expected to offer comparable bioavailability to the reference drug in these patient subpopulations.
EMBEDDING THE ELEMENT OF FUN IN TEACHING WRITING FOR ESL YOUNG LEARNERS USING BALLOON POPPING TECHNIQUE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Teaching English to young learners is an arduous task but a meaningful one too. Teachers of young learners strive to provide fun and engaging instructions in the ESL classrooms as to augment students’ language proficiency and development. In the effort to improve students’ writing skills, there are a variety of methods that can be used in the classroom. However, mostly teachers adopt the traditional approach of paper and pencil technique which bores the students and lacks fun component in the classroom. To worsen the situation, students writing skills are still at a poor level. As such, this study embarks on a writing project using a balloon popping method which involves kinaesthetic and visual elements in amplifying the opportunity to pick up writing skills in a fun and engaging way. 35 primary school students participated in this study where a pre-test was carried out before the technique was introduced. This technique was carried out for 3 months and a post writing test was held afterwards. The results showed a tremendous increase in the grades where 85% of the students scored 70 marks and above in the post-test as compared to the pre-test scores. A semi-structured interview was also carried out with the group leaders and the teacher who taught them the technique in class. Reflection entries from the teacher were garnered to validate the post-test results. The students and teacher felt that this technique boosts students’ learning motivation, injects fun in learning, improves process writing and provides platform for alternative assessment. Fun and engaging approach can be used in ESL classes to enhance and assist learning. Future learning modules for students should embed similar economical activities that can be done at home with parents and guardians.
T euber, H ans‐ L ukas

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hans‐Lukas Teuber (1916–1977) was a neuropsychologist known for his research on the effects of brain injuries on human sensation, perception, language, and memory. He founded the MIT Department of Psychology (now Brain and Cognitive Sciences) in 1964, an early instance of brain and behavioral scientists working together in a single graduate department in the US.
RIVALRY BETWEEN CHINA, USA AND RUSSIA IN GEOPOLITICS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, on the world stage, there is the concept of "Cold War 2.0", which, as usual, is characterized by the confrontation between the United States and China. However, there is also a third party in this conflict, which also takes an active part in global projects - the Russian Federation. In the 21st century, three powerful powers are trying to divide the sphere of their influence on the world stage, and each of them has its own goals and methods of achievement. This article will consider both points of rivalry between powers and points of cooperation, since these two concepts are close to each other.
Applications of ultrasonography in ruminants (II): Female reproductive system - A review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging method used for assessing pathological and physiological situations, successfully applied in the imaging of the reproductive tract of ruminants. The contribution of this diagnostic method has been essential in understanding the function of the reproductive system and especially that of the ovarian cycle. For the examination of the reproductive system of female ruminants the most frequently applied equipment is that of type B-mode real time, with linear probe and frequencies of 3.0? 5.0 and 7.5 MHz. In cattle, the examination is conducted primarily through the rectal, while in small ruminants it can also be performed transabdominal.In non-pregnant animals the ultrasound scanning aims at the examination of the cervix, the uterus and the ovaries allowing the determination of the stage of the estrus cycle, or the diagnosis of certain abnormalities of the reproductive system (ovarian cyst, anoestrus, etc). During gestation, ultrasonography finds numerous applications in ruminants, such as early pregnancy diagnosis* determination of the number and the sex of the fetuses, assessment of the stage of gestation, control of fetal vitality, etc. Ultrasonography has also been used for the selection of animals for reproduction contributing in the improvement of reproductive performance. Biotechnology is another area where ultrasound scanning is extensively used (ovum pick-up, embryo transfer, etc). Today the use of ultrasonography is widely spread in ruminants aiming at real time and dynamic assessment of the reproductive system. The cost of equipment has been reduced over the past years, enabling the veterinarians to benefit of its potentials.
Sustainability-driven governance through green political marketing in developing countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This perspective advances a theoretical framework that examines the influence of green political marketing and sustainability initiatives on electoral outcomes in developing countries, leveraging Stakeholder Theory to provide novel insights into the strategic integration of environmental narratives and sustainable development agendas in political campaigns. By applying Stakeholder Theory, this study sheds light on the mechanisms through which sustainability-driven governance emerges, revealing how political actors' engagement with stakeholders’ shapes voter perceptions and electoral outcomes. The proposed framework suggests that green political marketing enhances voter engagement and shapes public perception, positioning sustainability as a decisive factor in presidential elections. The paper offers policy implications that highlight the need to embed sustainability within political governance strategies, strengthen environmental regulatory enforcement, and promote inclusive stakeholder participation. Bridging the domains of green political marketing, sustainability, and governance, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on how sustainability considerations are reshaping electoral behavior and democratic processes in developing economies, while also demonstrating the utility of Stakeholder Theory in understanding the complex dynamics among green political marketing, sustainability, and electoral outcomes.
γ Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): A Key Player in Alleviating Abiotic Stress Resistance in Horticultural Crops: Current Insights and Future Directions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid known for its role in the nervous system of animals. However, research has also revealed its presence and function in plants recently. In plants, GABA is a signal molecule involved in multiple physiological processes, including stress response, growth, and development. This review aims to present a thorough summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of GABA in plants. We begin by discussing the biosynthesis and transport of GABA in plants, followed by a detailed examination of its signaling mechanisms. Additionally, we explore GABA's potential roles in various plant physiological processes, such as abiotic stress response, and its potential application in horticultural plants. Finally, we highlight current challenges and future directions for research in this area. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the significance of GABA in plants and its potential implications for plant physiology and crop improvement.
Alveolar macrophages in pulmonary immune responses. I. Role in the initiation of primary immune responses and in the selective recruitment of T lymphocytes to the lung.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Antigen inoculated intratracheally (IT) into animals can induce primary immune responses and selectively recruit specific T cells to the lung. In the current study, the role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in these two responses was investigated. Antigen-pulsed bronchoalveolar cells (BAC) inoculated IT into guinea pigs generated a population of immune T cells that proliferated in vitro on reexposure to antigen-pulsed macrophages (Mø). The possibility that antigen-pulsed donor BAC shed antigen that was subsequently processed and presented by host Mø was ruled out by genetic experiments. Thus, peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL) from (2 X 13)F1 guinea pigs primed with antigen-pulsed BAC from strain 2 animals responded preferentially to antigen-pulsed strain 2 Mø rather than to antigen-pulsed strain 13 Mø. In a second set of studies, antigen-pulsed BAC inoculated IT into guinea pigs selectively recruited antigen-specific T cells to the lung. Genetic experiments verified that inoculated BAC were the source of the antigen-presenting cells responsible for selective recruitment. Thus, antigen-pulsed strain 2 BAC inoculated IT recruited a greater proportion of (2 X 13)F1 T cells that recognized antigen in the context of strain 2 Mø than F1 T cells that recognized antigen on strain 13 Mø. Taken together, these studies suggest that AM contribute to the regulation of pulmonary immunity by both inducing T lymphocyte immunity and selectively recruiting specific T cells to the lung.
Hydrolysis of Poly(acrylamide) ‐ Starch Graft Copolymer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poly(acrylamide)‐starch graft copolymer was treated independently with sodium hydroxide and different acid solutions. The different acids include phosphoric, hydrochloric and sulphuric acid. The treatment was carried out under a variety of conditions including sodium hydroxide concentration, time and duration of hydrolysis as well as type of acid used. The extent of hydrolysis was assessed by estimating amide and carboxyl content as well as the acrylate and starch content before and after treatment. It was found that the increment in carboxyl content is equal to the decrement in amide on using sodium hydroxide concentration up to 1n , while using higher concentrations than 1n lead to differences in formed carboxyl and decreased amide groups. The magnitude of this difference depends on sodium hydroxide concentration as well as temperature and duration of hydrolysis. The maximum value of carboxyl content obtained was 593 m‐eq/100g sample. The acidic treatment of the starch copolymer does not affect the conversion of amide groups to carboxyl groups and the lonely effect was hydrolysis of starch component of the copolymer. Evaluation of the alkali teated copolymer as cation exchanger was carried out. The absorption efficiency % of different cations depends on the associated anions and follow the order: Cu 2+ > Zn 2+ > Co 2+ Mg 2+ .
Synergy Between Experiment and Simulation in Describing the Electrochemical Performance of Mg-doped LiNixCoyMnzO2 Cathode Material of Lithium Ion Battery

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrically powered vehicles (EV) are the next promising transportation candidate. However, energy storage in EVs is a critical issue if transportation needs are to be met. Recently, three element-layered structure materials of the type LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 have found application as cathodes in lithium ion batteries. However, the performance of this battery type over a wide temperature range is poor, and this limits its development into the EV market. We report the synthesis of Mg-doped Li1.1Ni0.497Mg0.003Co0.2Mn0.3O2, prepared by solid-state methods for the improvement of battery performance for EV applications. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that doping with Mg significantly enhances the thermal structural stability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. Additionally, Mg doping increases discharge capacity by 5% and 10% for room- and low-temperature (10°C) operation, respectively. The increase in thermal stability provided a 66% improvement in the cycle life at high-temperature (60°C) operation.
[Algorithm of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cardiological hospital].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent comments and amendments to routine algorithm of P. Safar's cardiopulmonary resuscitation, known as the ABCD principle, are critically analyzed. The primary mechanisms of thanatogenesis in sudden death in the majority of cases are not respiratory problems (requiring ABCD algorithm), but cardiac rhythm disorders. Based on their studies and practical and training experience, the authors suggest a new algorithm of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: UNIVERSAL, with the following steps: precordial stroke, indirect massage of the heart, forced ventilation of the lungs, venipuncture, electrocardiography, defibrillation by electric pulse therapy, electrocardiostimulation, and injections of adrenalin, atropine, and lidocaine. Introduction of this algorithm decreased hospital mortality of acute coronary patients, increased the rate of reanimation of suddenly dead patients, and reduced the incidence of iatrogenic complications of resuscitation.
Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br ICMX 2210734-B-29-3-5

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br
Common name(s): Pearlmillet
Conserved by: ICRISAT Plant Breeding Program, India
Local sample unique identifier: ICMX 2210734-B-29-3-5
Method of creation: Novel distinct PGRFA
Date: 2024-11-27
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
Methods of the Tibia Bone Defect Management in Primary Knee Arthroplasty: Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The problem of management of bone tissue defects remains one of the tasks that a surgeon faces during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Since the number of TKA is increasing every year, modern scientific research aimed at solving the problem of bone defect replacement remains important. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of bone defects management in primary TKA based on the analysis of literature. Materials and Methods. We conducted a search of articles in PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus from 2005 to 2020. Results. On the whole our search led to 1217 papers. Finally 19 articles that met inclusion criteria were included in this review. Each of the methods of bone defect replacement has its advantages and disadvantages. The results of the studies show that the he defect size is not a key factor for choosing the method, since with relatively identical defect parameters, different plastic options were used with a satisfactory clinical outcome. The endoprosthesis component should be fixed in at least two zones in every chosen method. In young patients with good bone quality preference in chosen methods should be given to bone grafts, which allow to preserve the bone stock. Based on the papers analysis, we have proposed the algorithm for method choosing for each clinical case. Conclusion. Each surgeon chooses a method for replacing bone defects based on their own preferences and such criteria as the equipment of the operating room, the surgical team experience, the quality of the patients bone and the defect size.
Twenty-First-Century Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the landscape of contemporary British fiction through detailed analysis of five authors that have emerged to critical prominence in the 21st century. The authors addressed - Ali Smith, Andrew O’Hagan, Tom McCarthy, Sarah Hall, and Jon McGregor – have all established themselves through popular and critical success, but have received significantly less attention than some of their peers. This book does not seek to thrust these authors into a putative canon of 21st century literary writing, but rather to explore through close attention to the resonances, continuities, elisions, and frictions across their works the temper of the contemporary moment as it is expressed by a group of writers. Each is devoted a chapter that analyses their creative output to-date within the frame of their stylistic and thematic development, as well as drawing comparisons across their writing and that of their peers. The intention is never to provide the kind of synoptical overview that a period-study might suggest, instead Twenty-First Century Fiction: Contemporary British Voices seeks to juxtapose critical readings within a constellation of contemporary literary concerns to examine what cultural energies and flows are emerging in the new century. In doing so, it identifies three recurrent areas of concern that might be said to infiltrate our times; these are Materiality, Connectivity, and Authenticity. In many forms and through many articulations, these issues emerge as insistent – if inchoate – questions about how current literary practice is responding to the challenge of the post-millennial world.
Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) on a Marine Plankton Population and Sedimentation in Controlled Ecosystem Enclosures

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Effects of polychlor~nated b~phenyls (PCBs) on a natural rnarlne rcosystem were studied employing controlled ecosystem enclosures (CEEs) which conta~ned 68 m ' of srdwater and the natural sea-water biota ( S a a n ~c h Inlet, Br~tish C o l u m b ~a , Canada) Follotv~ng a d d ~t ~o ~l of PCBs 150 { r r j I l ) to a CEE, prlmary productivity was initially reduced by PCBs to less than 30 % of the control CEE to which no PCBs had been added.Settling velocity of partlculate m a t t e ~ was ln~tlally accelerated by PCB addition, but gross sedlmentat~on decreased due to inhib~tion of prlmary p r o d u c t l ~ ~t y .Deconlpos~t~on activity in sedlmented matter was ~n i t ~a l l y i n h ~b ~t e d by PCBs, one order of niagn~tudc lower than that of the control, but followed by recovery to the control level w l t h ~n 6-10 d Drast~c and c h r o n ~c reduct~ons in the size of zooplankton stocks wele also attr~buted to PCB stress