jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of nonstationary temporomandibular joint sounds using reduced interference time-frequency distribution

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This thesis outlines the development and implementation of a diagnostic system of non-stationary Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) sounds using reduced interference time-frequency distribution. The development of this diagnostic system is an effort to provide an objective and cost effective approach to aid clinical practitioners in the diagnosis or screening of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD). This proposed diagnostic system comprises a knowledge database based on current clinical practices in the examination of TMD and a recently developed technique using electronic recording of TMJ sounds. Another feature of the diagnostic system is easier management and documentation of patient information. This would eventually provide better comparison of TMD diagnosis result between different clinicians or among different sessions.
A Modified Secondary Task Reaction Time Paradigm for Research on Breaks in Presence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Breaks in presence are considered a promising approach to investigate events where users are pulled out of their virtual experiences. In this paper, we argue that this methodology may also provide insights into the cognitive processes behind the presence experience. To this end, we combined breaks in presence with a modified version of the secondary task reaction times paradigm and psychophysiological measures to tap into the attentional processes behind presence experiences. 69 participants played a modified video game, during which they had to react to sounds that were either part of the story or unrelated (breaks in presence) as a secondary task. We measured their reaction times to both sound types, skin conductance responses and heart rate variability. Participants reacted equally fast to virtual and BIP-eliciting stimuli. Both types of stimuli elicit orienting responses with our virtual stimulus leading to stronger responses and habitualization. Avenues for future research are discussed.
The Use of Recycled Paper Chips as Litter Material for Rearing Broiler Chickens ,

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The suitability of recycled paper chips (RPC), formed by completely reprocessing waste newspaper, as litter material for rearing broilers was investigated in two successive trials. In Trial 1, broilers were reared in pens prepared with a 9-cm layer of either unused RPC or pine shavings (PS). In Trial 2, broilers were reared in pens prepared by adding 3 cm of clean RPC or PS to used litter of the same type remaining from Trial 1. Mortality, BW, feed consumption and conversion, carcass yield, and incidences of breast blisters and leg abnormalities were not influenced by litter treatments. Litter moisture was greater in RPC during Week 3 of Trial 1, but did not differ between treatments at other times during either trial. Litter caking was greater in RPC throughout Trial 1, but did not differ between treatments during Trial 2. Populations of aerobic, psychrotrophic, and coliform bacteria, and fungi (yeasts and molds) in the two litter types did not differ during the rearing period of either trial. Populations of aerobic bacteria and fungi were greater in unused PS, and fungi populations were greater in used PS prior to initiation of Trial 2. Populations of psychrotrophic bacteria were greater in used PS 6 days after bird removal in Trial 2. Generally, RPC are comparable to PS and have potential as an alternative litter material for rearing broilers.
Ultrastructure of Cell Wall Regeneration by Isolated Protoplasts of Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Viable protoplasts were isolated from a spontaneous mutant clone of Palmaria palmata (L.) O. Kuntze by enzymatic degradation of the cell walls. Different enzyme mixtures and osmotica were tested for protoplast isolation and viability. Fifteen to 20% of the protoplasts completed cell wall regeneration and survived for longer than one month. Only 1∼2% of these surviving cells underwent cell division twice. Changes in cellular organization and cell wall formation were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by cytochemical methods (...)
Confidence intervals for Kendall's tau

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A simulation study was conducted to examine the performance of several confidence intervals (CIs) for Kendall's tau ( t xy ) under a variety of population conditions. Two normal population variables ( N = 10,000) were transformed to have tau correlations, τ = 0, .19, .41, or.71. Samples ( n = 10, 50, 200) were drawn from the transformed populations 2000 times under each level of correlation, and accompanying CIs were computed on each sample. The results show that the CI for τ based on a consistent estimate of the variance of t xy has the best coverage and power among a number of alternatives. Kendall's t xy is unaffected by non‐normality induced by monotonic transformations and, with its consistent variance estimated from the sample, performs well under a wide range of conditions.
Pollen Tube Growth in Cross Combinations between Torenia fournieri and Fourteen Related Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The precise guidance of pollen tubes is important for successful fertilization. Based on abnormalities in interspecific and intergeneric crosses, we investigated pollen tube guidance in Torenia fournieri, which is a model plant for studies on plant fertilization due to its protruding embryo sac. Critical abnormalities of pollen tube growth have never been recorded in interspecific crosses between either T. baillonii or T. concolor, and hybrids could be obtained. In contrast, abnormalities appeared in intergeneric crosses with twelve other species. The abnormalities could be observed for five phases of pollen tube guidance revealed in Arabidopsis mutants as follows: germination of the pollen grains, penetration of pollen tube through stigma cells, growth in the transmitting tract, arrival at the placenta and release of sperm into the micropyle. In the self-pollination of T. fournieri, in vivo, the pollen tubes grew straight from the placenta to the protruding embryo sac, omitting funiculus guidance. In addition, observation of an intergeneric cross between T. fournieri (female) and Mimulus hybridas revealed that 64% of the pollen tubes grew straight to the micropyles of ovules rather than to synergid cells, suggesting that the micropyle in T. fournieri transmits the attraction signal. In addition, the signal attracted pollen tubes of M. hybridas to the micropyle, unlike those of T. fournieri.
Distinguishing sources of nitrate in groundwater

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anthropogenic inputs have significantly impacted the nitrogen cycle, with NO3 pollution being a major concern affecting water resources worldwide [Shukla and Saxena, 2019]. The EU Nitrates Directive [EC, 1991] aimed to protect water quality by preventing and reversing degradation of groundwater due to NO3 from agricultural, urban and industrial wastes; NO3 concentrations should not exceed the limit of 50 mg/L in water bodies. Therefore, assessing NO3 sources is a fundamental prerequisite for planning sustainable groundwater management. In Sardinia, according to the EC Nitrates Directive, the intensively farmed area of Arborea was designated as Nitrate Vulnerable Zone [R.A.S., 2005]. In 2011, a program aimed at groundwater quality monitoring started. The NO3 concentration in groundwater varied from <0.8 to 515 mg/L and median 19 mg/L; 23% of values were higher than 50 mg/L. Flat and hilly areas in eastern Sardinia were the zones mostly affected by NO3 contamination. To estimate potential NO3 sources, groundwater samples were collected at 174 sites from 2013 to 2019. Hydrogeochemistry, stable isotopes (D, O, N, S and B), statistics (Gaussian mixture and Bayesian isotope mixing models) and land uses were combined to assess NO3 sources. The use of manure was a primary contributor to NO3 pollution, whereas urban sewage and synthetic fertilizers were subordinated. Results of this study have been used by the Sardinian Regional Authorities to review critical areas, giving a relevant contribution in identifying the new vulnerable zones according to the Nitrate Directive.
On becoming an infant-toddler pedagogue: perceived contributions of heuristic play in initial professional education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Portugal, professional preparation for working with infants and toddlers is often characterized as insufficient and/or inadequate in light of the specific professionalism required for working with very young children. This study is situated in initial professional education (IPE) and, in particular, on practicum experiences within an early childhood education professional Master’s programme. Drawing on Goldschmied’s approach, it aims to capture Master’s students’ perspectives on the contributions of heuristic play to learning about their role as infant-toddler pedagogues. Written narratives and practicum reports of 21 students were subjected to content analysis. Students highlighted contributions of heuristic play in assuming a non-directive supportive role, organizing the learning environment, observing children’s experiences, and in reconstructing the image of the child. Students acknowledged struggles, while (re)envisioning their role, especially the critical balance between non-intervening and facilitating children’s play. Implications are presented for the need to improve the early childhood education IPE programmes through the integration of infant-toddler pedagogy(ies) and the enactment of a process-oriented and reflective approach to professional learning.
Tagging of nematode-trapping fungus with hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene and its application in the study of fungistasis of soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We transformed the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys vermicola with hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hygB) using restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI).The transformation frequency was 1-3 transformants μg~(-1) DNA and the transformants stability of hygromycin B resistance was 87.5 %. A mitotic stable transformant Tav36, without obvious difference in vegetative growth and pathogenicity to nematodes compared with that of the wild type, was selected for the detection and monitoring fungal growth and pathogenicity activity in natural soil.Results proved that Tav36 could grow normally in natural soil and trap nematodes,however,the vegetative growth and the pathogenicity to nematodes of Tav36 in natural soil were restrained by fungistasis of soil.
Cytogenetical studies on the intergeneric F<sub>1</sub> hybrids raised between <i>Triticum orientale×Secale africanum</i> and <i>T. Spelta×S. montanum</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Cytogenetical researches were carried on the F1 plants raised between T. orientale× S. africanum (ToriSaF1) and T. Spelta×S. montanum (TSpeSmF1). 2. The percentage of the matured F1 plants to the number of pollinated flowers in these hybrids were 0.87 and 1.38 percent respectively. 3. The external characteristics of ToriSaF1 plants resembled somewhat to the pollen plant, while TSpeSmF1 to the mother plant than being the intermediate of both parents (photos. 1-2, Table 2) in both cases. 4. ToriSaF1 plant showed fertility, while TSpeSmF1 was completely sterile (Table 2). 5. In the 2 F1 hybrids, the number of bivalents at heterotypic metaphase of PMC's is given in Table 3 and 5. 6. The number of bivalents, for ToriSaF1 up to 3 and for TSpeSmF1 up to 7, may be chiefly due to the autosyndesis of chromosomes of AB (ToriSaF1) or ABD (TSpeSmF1) genomes. In these bivalents of TSpeSmF1, however, bivalents produced by conjugation of the chromosomes of S. montanum may have been involved. 7. In these F1, the formation of equatorial plate in heterotypic metaphase of PMC's was observed in some individuals, in addition to the normal F1-type division commonly observed in the wheat-rye F1 hybrids. The frequency of the formation of equatorial plate is given in Table 4 and 6.
Factors influencing intention towards adoption of E-wallet in Malaysia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the factors influencing the intention to adopt e-wallets in Malaysia, focusing on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived security, and social influence. The underpinning theories of this study are the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Furthermore, this study adopted a quantitative research method by distributing self-administered questionnaires to Malaysians aged between 18 and 60 years. The empirical data were collected from 155 respondents using purposive sampling, and the research model was analyzed through SPSS. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly influence the intention to adopt e-wallets in Malaysia. Perceived security and social influence, however, show no significant relationship with the intention to adopt e-wallets. The key value of these findings is to enhance understanding of the factors that influence Malaysians’ adoption of e-wallets, contributing to the goal of achieving a cashless society.
On Effectiveness of Growth Regulators for Presowing Seeds Treatment of Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To increase the acreage of soybeans, it is necessary to introduce agrotechnical methods that promote its earlier maturation and increase the productivity of plants.The object of research was the soybean variety SibNIIK 315, the seeds of which were processed before sowing with Ekopin, Lignohumate and Seedlings.Processing with Ekopin and Lignohumate growth regulators contributed to the emergence of seedlings 2-4 days earlier than control, flowering began 3-4 days earlier and, in general, their use contributed to accelerating the ripening of soybeans.At the same time the vegetation period time was reduced by 5-7 days compared with the control.On the average, the growing season in the control variant was 106 days, in the variant with the use of Ekopin -97 days, Lignohumate -101 days, Seedlings -103 days.The height of soybean plants differed little in terms of options.On average, it was 68.61 cm over the years of research in the control group, in the variants with Ekopin, Lignohumate and Seedlings -72.52 cm, 69.35 cm and 71.8 cm, respectively.On the average, over three years of research, the highest yield of soybean has been obtained in the variant using the growth regulator Lignohumate -4.63 t / ha.A little less -4.39 t / ha has been obtained in the variant with the use of Ekopin.The attained results indicate the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with Ekopin and Lignohumate growth regulators.
Ankle Pain–Volleyball Player

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HISTORY: An otherwise healthy 24 year old female volleyball player presented to the sports medicine clinic with a two week history of atraumatic severe left ankle pain and swelling. She localized the pain to her tibiotalar area. She described a sensation of “tightness” in the ankle. She denied any numbness or tingling or mechanical features to her pain, and she denied focal weakness. She did not endorse any other swollen or painful joints. She denied any history of autoimmune disease, inflammatory arthritis, or exposure to ticks. She had tried Ibuprofen and Tylenol with no significant relief. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Exam revealed a left ankle effusion and tenderness to touch over the anterior tibial-talar joint but not on the medial, lateral or posterior ankle. No laxity was noted with anterior drawer test. External rotation stress test was not painful. No pain was produced with resisted ankle motion in all planes. Neurologic exam did not reveal any focal strength or sensory changes in the lower extremities. Distal pulses and capillary refill were symmetric. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Septic Arthritis 2. Inflammatory Arthritis/Synovitis 3. Crystalline Monoarthritis 4. Lyme Arthritis 5. Internal Derangement 6. Occult Fracture 7. Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis 8. Synovial Chondromatosis TEST AND RESULTS: Laboratory testing showed normal white blood cell count. Sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were slightly elevated. Lyme disease ELISA, rheumatoid factor, and CCP were all negative. X-ray showed left ankle effusion but no fractures. Attempted ultrasound guided aspiration showed extensive tibiotalar synovitis but did not produce any fluid for analysis. MRI of the left ankle showed extensive nodular synovial thickening of the anterior compartment consistent with Diffuse PVNS. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Diffuse Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis(PVNS) TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. Modest improvement of pain with activity reduction 2. Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery consult for planned arthroscopic nodule excision and synovectomy
Enzymatic activity and gene expression related to drought stress tolerance in maize seeds and seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for the development of maize, and the identification of the expression of genes related to this stress in seeds and seedlings can be an important tool to accelerate the selection process. The expression of genes related to tolerance to water deficit in seeds and in different tissues of maize seedlings were evaluated. Four tolerant genotypes (91-T, 32-T, 91x75-T, 32x75-T) and four non-tolerant genotypes (37-NT, 57-NT, 37x57-NT and 31x37-NT) were seeded in a substrate with 10% (stress) and 70% (control) water retention capacity. The expression of 4 enzymes were evaluated: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), esterase (EST), and heat-resistant protein (HRP), as well as the relative expression of 6 genes: ZmLEA3, ZmPP2C, ZmCPK11, ZmDREB2A/2.1s, ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were evaluated in seed, shoots and roots of seedlings submitted or not to stress. There was variation in the expression of CAT, PO, SOD, EST and HRP enzymes among the evaluated genotypes and also in the different tissues evaluated. Higher expression of the CAT and PO was observed in the shoots. There was a greater expression of the EST in the genotypes non-tolerant to water deficit. HRP was expressed only in seeds. In the aerial part of maize seedlings, classified as tolerant, higher expression of genes ZmLEA3 and ZmCPK11 was observed. There was a higher expression of the ZmAN13 and ZmDREB2A/2.1S genes in roots developed under stress conditions and a higher expression of the ZmPP2C gene in seeds of line 91-T, which is classified as tolerant to drought stress.
[A combined staining of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for detecting epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus in tissue section].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A combined staining of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization has been successfully applied to detect antigen and viral RNA at the same tissue slice from epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) autopsy. Multiple McAb were used to detect EHFV antigen, followed with a digoxigenin-labelling cDNA probe for detecting EHFV RNA respectively. The viral antigen was seen in the cellular cytoplasm and viral RNA was demonstrated within the nuclei. It is emphasized that pretreatment of the section with Lugol's solution and choice of suitable proteolytic enzyme as well as proper temperature and time for the hybridization are the key points for the staining.
Transformers for natural language processing build innovative deep neural network architectures for NLP with Python, Pytorch, TensorFlow, BERT, RoBERTa, and more

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Being the first book in the market to dive deep into the Transformers, it is a step-by-step guide for data and AI practitioners to help enhance the performance of language understanding and gain expertise with hands-on implementation of transformers using PyTorch, TensorFlow, Hugging Face, Trax, and AllenNLP.
Analyzing the Effect of Basic Data Augmentation for COVID-19 Detection through a Fractional Factorial Experimental Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a worldwide healthcare crisis. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently been used with encouraging results to help detect COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. However, to generalize well to unseen data, CNNs require large labeled datasets. Due to the lack of publicly available COVID-19 datasets, most CNNs apply various data augmentation techniques during training. However, there has not been a thorough statistical analysis of how data augmentation operations affect classification performance for COVID-19 detection. In this study, a fractional factorial experimental design is used to examine the impact of basic augmentation methods on COVID-19 detection. The latter enables identifying which particular data augmentation techniques and interactions have a statistically significant impact on the classification performance, whether positively or negatively. Using the CoroNet architecture and two publicly available COVID-19 datasets, the most common basic augmentation methods in the literature are evaluated. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the methods of zoom, range, and height shift positively impact the model's accuracy in dataset 1. The performance of dataset 2 is unaffected by any of the data augmentation operations. Additionally, a new state-of-the-art performance is achieved on both datasets by training CoroNet with the ideal data augmentation values found using the experimental design. Specifically, in dataset 1, 97% accuracy, 93% precision, and 97.7% recall were attained, while in dataset 2, 97% accuracy, 97% precision, and 97.6% recall were achieved. These results indicate that analyzing the effects of data augmentations on a particular task and dataset is essential for the best performance. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-01 Full Text: PDF
Feasibility analysis of messages for on-chip networks using wormhole routing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of a message in a network concerns if its timing property can be satisfied without jeopardizing any messages already in the network to meet their timing properties. We present a novel feasibility analysis for real-time (RT) and nonrealtime (NT) messages in wormhole-routed networks on chip. For RT messages, we formulate a contention tree that captures contentions in the network. For coexisting RT and NT messages, we propose a simple bandwidth partitioning method that allows us to analyze their feasibility independently.
The effects of configuration changes on the aerodynamic characteristics of a full-scale mockup of a light twin engine airplane

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wind tunnel tests of a full-scale model of a light twin engine aircraft were conducted. The angle of attack was varied from minus 4 degrees to plus 20 degrees. The sideslip range was plus or minus 8 degrees. Thrust coefficients were 0, 0.20, and 0.44. Tests were made with various nacelle configurations, modes of propeller rotation, orientation of the thrust axis, and airfoil section at Reynolds numbers of 2.96 times one million amd 2.05 times one million.