jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of total cation content by ion exchange: Unknowns for use in quantitative analysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of total cation content by ion exchange: Unknowns for use in quantitative analysisKathryn R. Williams Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 4, 338Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1985Published inissue 1 April 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ed062p338RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (533 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pressure dispersion pad use allows patients to kneel comfortably after total knee arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to clarify the contact pressure at which patients with difficulty in kneeling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) feel pain and the contact pressure at which kneeling can be performed after using a pressure dispersion pad. Methods Sixty patients (69 knees) who underwent TKA for end‐stage knee osteoarthritis were included. The patients performed single stance kneeling on the sheet‐type pressure mapping system, and the contact pressure and area were measured before and after using the pressure dispersion pad. The Oxford Knee Score was used to evaluate kneeling ability. Results The group of patients who were unable to kneel had significantly lower contact pressure than those who were able to kneel easily (0.61 N/cm 2 /kg vs. 0.99 N/cm 2 /kg; p = 0.04). No patient reported kneeling as being ‘impossible’ or ‘extremely difficult’ when using the pressure dispersion pad. Moreover, all patients except those without pain had less pain and improved kneeling scores when using the pressure dispersion pad. Use of the pressure dispersion pad significantly reduced contact pressure for all kneeling score groups after TKA (0.12 N/cm 2 /kg for the impossible group). Conclusions The patients who could not kneel after TKA felt pain at 61% of the contact pressure compared to those who could kneel easily. Even patients who were unable to kneel after TKA were able to kneel when the contact pressure was reduced to 12% of that of the patients who could easily kneel using a pressure dispersion pad. Level of Evidence Level III.
Instrument concept and science case for the mid-IR E-ELT imager and spectrograph METIS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

METIS is the 'Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph', the only planned thermal/mid-IR instrument for the E-ELT. METIS will provide diffraction limited imaging in the atmospheric L/M and N-band from 3 - 14 mu m over an 18 '' x 18 '' field of view (FOV). The imager also includes high contrast coronagraphy and low-resolution (900 <= R <= 5000) long slit spectroscopy and polarimetry. In addition, an IFU fed, high resolution spectrograph at L/M band will provide a spectral resolution of R similar to 100,000 over a 0.4 '' x 1.5 '' FOV. The adaptive optics (AO) system is relatively simple, and METIS can reach its full performance with the adaptive correction provided by the telescope - and occasionally even under seeing limited conditions. On a 42m ELT, METIS will provide state-of-the-art mid-IR performance from the ground. The science case for METIS is based on proto-planetary disks, characterization of exoplanets, formation of our Solar System, growth of supermassive black holes, and the dynamics of high-z galaxies. With the focus on highest angular resolution and highest spectral resolution, METIS is highly complementary to JWST and ALMA. This paper summarizes the science case for METIS, and describes the instrument concept, performance and operational aspects.
Large- and Small-Scale Environmental Factors Drive Distributions of Ant Mound Size Across a Latitudinal Gradient

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Red wood ants are keystone species of forest ecosystems in Europe. Environmental factors and habitat characteristics affect the size of their nest mounds, an important trait being in concordance with a colony's well-being and impact on its surroundings. In this study, we investigated the effect of large-scale (latitude and altitude) and small-scale environmental factors (e.g., characteristics of the forest) on the size of nest mounds of Formica polyctena in Central Europe. We predicted that the change in nest size is in accordance with Bergmann's rule that states that the body size of endotherm animals increases with the higher latitude and/or altitude. We found that the size of nests increased along the latitudinal gradient in accordance with Bergmann's rule. The irradiation was the most important factor responsible for the changes in nest size, but temperature and local factors, like the perimeter of the trees and their distance from the nest, were also involved. Considering our results, we can better understand the long-term effects and consequences of the fast-changing environmental factors on this ecologically important group. This knowledge can contribute to the planning of forest management tactics in concordance with the assurance of the long-term survival of red wood ants.
Oral Tradition 1/2 (1986): 272-301 Orality in Medieval Irish Narrative: An

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Celtic scholars do not doubt that there was an active oral narrative tradition functioning in pre-Christian and medieval Christian Irish society. Until recently, tradition-bearers with amazingly large story-repertoires could be found among Gaelic-speaking peasants and fi shermen in Ireland and Scotland. These creative oral artists, often neglected and no longer listened to in their own time, bore vivid testimony to a long-lived and rich Gaelic tradition of stories and narrative techniques—a tradition that is often referred to in the extant corpus of medieval Irish literature, from its earliest stages (the sixth to ninth centuries A.D.) to the beginnings of the modern literary era (the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries). Although the documented contemporary sgéalí, “storyteller ” (scélaige in earlier Irish spelling), is an amateur—that is, he is not paid for his performance, nor does he live by his storytelling craft—the medieval narrator usually was a professional, and in fact was often a member of the exalted sodality of professional poets known as the fi lid (singular fi li, from a root meaning “to see”), who together with musicians and other possessors of special technical knowledge constituted the wider class of the áes dána, “people of art[s], ” or (áes cerda, “people of craft[s]. ” While the fi li’s main activity was the composition of verse celebrating his patrons and detailing the genealogy and lore of families and tribes, we are told in a medieval Irish tract on the training of fi lid that the oral transmission and performance of traditional prose tales—scéla, sing. scél, from a root meaning “to say ” (Greene 1954:26)—was an essential aspect of fi lidecht, “the poetic profession”:1 ORALITY IN MEDIEVAL IRISH NARRATIVE 273 In hí dā foglaim na hochtmaide bliadna.i. fi scomarca fi led.i. duili berla 7 clethchor choem
Temperature insensitive PCF interferometer coated with graphene oxide tip sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report a simple, compact, and robust photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based Mach-Zehnder modal interferometer coated with graphene oxide (GO) for monitoring refractive index (RI) of analyte (sucrose). GO is prepared by Hummers method, and the fabrication of sensing probe is achieved by splicing single-mode fiber with solid core PCF followed by collapsing of air holes at the end face of PCF. The PCF along with the collapsed region is functionalized and then coated with GO. The proposed tip sensor in reflection mode can be used for the detection of RI of a small quantity of sucrose in either intensity or/and wavelength interrogation. Our experimental results show that the sensor has wavelength sensitivity as high as 230-nm/RIU along with very high intensity sensitivity of 130 dB/RIU with negligible shift in interference pattern with rise temperature.
Effect of modified hold-relax stretching and static stretching on hamstring muscle flexibility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

[Purpose] The aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of modified hold-relax stretching and static stretching in improving the hamstring muscle flexibility. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-five male subjects with hamstring tightness were included in this study. The subjects were randomly placed into three groups: the modified hold-relax stretching, static stretching and control groups. The modified hold-relax stretching group performed 7 seconds of isometric contraction and then relaxed for 5 seconds, and this was repeated five times daily for five consecutive days. The static stretching group received 10 minutes of static stretching with the help of a pulley and weight system for five consecutive days. The control group received only moist heat for 20 minutes for five consecutive days. A baseline reading of passive knee extension (PKE) was taken prior to the intervention; rest measurements were taken immediate post intervention on day 1, day 3, day 5, and after a 1 week follow-up, i.e., at the 12th day. [Results] On comparing the baseline readings of passive knee extension (PKE), there was no difference noted between the three groups. On comparing the posttest readings on day 5 between the 3 groups, a significant difference was noted. However, post hoc analysis revealed an insignificant difference between the modified hold-relax stretching and static stretching groups. There was a significant difference between the static stretching and control groups and between the modified hold-relax stretching and control groups. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that both the modified hold-relax stretching technique and static stretching are equally effective, as there was no significant difference in improving the hamstring muscle flexibility between the two groups.
Celebrity Influence and Consumer’s Buying Intentions: A cross-cultural comparison between Australia and Singapore

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Societies have always had a need for heroes to define new heights of achievements, new thresholds of ability, endurance and aspirations. Different societies around the world produced different types of heroes and famous people with varying representations of complex aspirational roles and behaviours for the followers to emulate. Famous people and celebrities have been globally used to endorse various products. Research findings suggest that celebrities can be effective catalysts of influence to overcome cultural barriers for global brands. This cross cultural study explores the differences of Australian and Singaporean consumer purchase intentions as a result of celebrity influence. The results support the hypotheses that consumer intention to buy an endorsed brand is influences by consumer aspirations and need for fame which is mediated by their favourite celebrity’s personality and lifestyle attributes. Managerial implications for international marketing are discussed.
Thyroid eye disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thyroid eye disease. 3rd ed. By Devron H Char. Pp 293. £70. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. ISBN0-7506-9893-4.

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy continues to vex endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, and immunologists. At one of the earliest meetings of the Thyroid Club (now the British Thyroid Association) the debate on this subject was so intense that the secretary urged that it continue until no one was left, and the meeting closed with some difficulty at 10.00pm. Forty years later controversy still rages about the pathogenesis, the relation to the thyroid condition, and the best way to treat both the orbit and the thyroid in these patients.

This book, remarkably, is written by a single author …
The Trace Amines: Recent Overview and Future Pointers

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

At the 1st International Conference on the Trace Amines held in Edmonton, Canada in 1983, [Proceedings of which have been published Boulton et al. (1984)], not only was the new work up to the end of 1982 described but in addition, the general properties of the trace amines and their identification and quantitative analysis was reviewed. This 2nd meeting held in Tübingen, West Germany covers work completed since then. Clearly everything could not be included and so the organizers have chosen to concentrate on the neuro-and psycho-pharmacology of the trace amines and some bioclinical findings. Not all the trace amines could be included, for example, histamine, the polyamines, aliphatic amines and the classical biogenic amines when present in 'trace' concentrations, were ommitted as was the burgeoning role of the trace amines in invertebrate systems; rather, as in 1983, it was the arylalkylamines on which we focussed.
Fluidity of law in the United Arab Emirates

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Le concept de du droit' interroge les variations de l'application du droit aux Emirats arabes unis (E.A.U.). L'intention est de proteger les interets des citoyens emiriens contre les non-citoyens tout en imposant le droit des decideurs dans un cadre juridique arabo-musulman. Le contexte (acteurs et especes) determine l'adaptation du droit. Les E.A. U. ont signe des traites internationaux qui les obligent a mettre le droit local en conformite. Or, les reserves stipulees et le manque de clarte retardent ce processus. Localement, l'application du droit depend de la variete des sources, notamment du droit islamique et de ses differentes ecoles, d'une procedure legislative opaque et d'un systeme judiciaire complexe (trois types de tribunaux, statut personnel discriminant fonde sur la notion de citoyennete). Les limites fluctuantes entre les spheres publiques et privees font enfin planer une incertitude dans des domaines relevant de l'intime ou de la diffamation par exemple. Les autorites emiriennes exercent un controle sur le droit en s'appuyant sur une organisation tribale et un systeme de permis a tous les etages de la societe emirienne. La liberte d'expression a cet egard a subi les effets du Printemps arabe de 2011. Le systeme de delivrance de permis s'en est trouve renforce pour assurer la stabilite du regime. Le droit a l'education, tres interpretatif, montre comment les permis d'exercice interpretent differemment ce droit. Le droit du travail est aussi encadre par des permis. Les autorites emiriennes sous-traitent aux citoyens emiriens le controle des travailleurs etrangers. Dans le contexte d'une croissance economique exceptionnelle, des observateurs exterieurs ont interroge les effets de cette croissance sur les droits de l'homme et les medias. Le gouvernement federal a tres vite appris a utiliser son systeme pour se proteger des droits« universels». Des organisations ecrans ont ete creees pour repondre aux critiques exprimees en insistant sur le point de vue emirien. L'aide etrangere permet en outre d'acquerir un statut privilegier dans le domaine humanitaire. L'intention est de rendre la critique de la fluidite du droit impossible ou injuste. Vu de l'exterieur, bien des decisions emiriennes peuvent etre interpretees comme arbitraires. Or, la fluidite du droit est un principe interne qui a sa logique, celle de preserver l'Etat et de le rendre resilient en cas de contestation.
Clinical Predictors of outcome in Isolated Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Head injury is the major cause of death in young adult population worldwide with associated high morbidity. The objective of this study is to find out the outcome and factors affecting the outcome in isolated traumatic acute subdural hematoma. All patients with isolated acute subdural hematoma presenting within 24 hours of trauma and admitted over a period of 1 year were included in this study. Patient was classified according to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) after resuscitation in the emergency department. The outcome of the patient was recorded according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at the time of discharge and at 3 months after the trauma in follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation between GCS, papillary changes and radiological finding in the form of midline shift and hematoma volume to dichotomized outcome. Out of 38 patients enrolled in the study, 33 patients had favorable outcome. Surgery was performed in 12 patients out of whom 4 patients had unfavorable outcome. GCS score, papillary changes, midline shift and hematoma volume were found to have significant association with the outcome in isolated traumatic acute subdural hematoma. Clinical parameters and radiological parameters can gauge the outcome in isolated traumatic brain injury.
Strategi Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru PAI di Mts Muhammadiyah Banjarmangu Banjarnegara

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The performance of Islamic religious education teachers has a significant impact on the spiritual and academic development of students in madrasas. This article reviews the strategies of madrasa heads in improving the performance of Islamic religious education teachers. Research highlights the importance of transformational leadership and fostering professionalism as key elements in such strategies. Through an open and collaborative communication approach, madrasah heads can motivate teachers to develop their pedagogical and scientific competencies. In addition, providing ongoing support, training and relevant curriculum development is an integral part of the strategy. The practical and theoretical implications of this research are also discussed to support improving the quality of Islamic religious education in madrasas. This thesis aims to find out the strategy of madrasah heads in improving the performance of Islamic Religious Education teachers at Mts Muhammadiyah Banjarmangu Banjarnegara. This thesis uses a qualitative field approach. The research location is Mts Muhammadiyah Banjarmangu Banjarnegara. The data sources used include primary data, namely the results of interviews with madrasa heads, Islamic Religious Education teachers, madrasa committees, and madrasa supervisors. Secondary data was obtained from documentation, photos of activities and madrasa profiles. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
Tumor-Basophil Interactions in Vitro—A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purified guinea pig basophils, or basophils either specifically degranulated with antigen or nonspecifically degranulated with lectin, were cultured with guinea pig line 1 hepatoma cells for 1 to 24 hr and studied ultrastructurally. As early as 1 hr of culture, degranulated or nongranulated basophils and tumor cells formed close contacts by mutually intertwined elongated cell processes and also in cultures containing degranulated basophils, extruded membrane-free basophil cytoplasmic granules became firmly attached to tumor cells. At later intervals, some tumor cells cultured with basophils exhibited cytostatic and cytopathic changes, including dense mitochondria, centralization of organelles, dilated perinuclear and rough endoplasmic cisternae, cell swelling and cytoplasmic lucency, disrupted cytoplasmic organelle and plasma membranes, nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation. Some tumor cell specialized surface attachments were either disrupted or damaged at points of basophil or basophil granule adhesion. Tumor damage was most extensive in cultures containing degranulated basophils, although only a minority of tumor cells (&lt;10%) was affected. Tumor injury was seen much less frequently in the presence of nondegranulated basophils, and was absent in control cultures of tumor alone. The occasional viable tumor cells that phagocytosed basophil granules were apparently unharmed, suggesting that internalization of basophil granules by tumor cells is not cytotoxic.
$t$-channel singularities in cosmology and particle physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The $t$-channel singularity of a cross-section for a binary $2 \to 2$ scattering process occurs when a particle exchanged in the $t$ channel is kinematically allowed to be on its mass-shell, that is when the process can be viewed as a sequence of two physical subprocesses: a two-body decay $1\to 2$ and an inverse decay $2 \to 1$. We derive conditions for the singularity to be present in a binary process. A class of divergent cross sections for Standard Model processes has been determined and illustrated by the weak analog of the Compton scattering $Ze^{-}\to Ze^{-}$. After critically reviewing regularization methods proposed in literature, we discuss singular processes which occur in a medium composed of particles in thermal equilibrium. The medium is shown to regulate the singularities naturally as particles acquire a finite width. We demonstrate a possible cosmological application by calculating thermally averaged cross section for an elastic scattering within a simple scalar model. The cross section, which is divergent in vacuum, becomes finite when the process occurs in a thermal bath due to the imaginary self-energy of the $t$-channel mediator computed within the Keldysh-Schwinger formalism.
Scaling of resistivities and guided vortex motion in MgB2thin films

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Longitudinal and transverse voltages have been measured on thin films of MgB2\nwith different superconducting transition widths. The study has been performed\nin zero and non-zero external magnetic fields. The non-zero transverse voltage\nhas been observed in close vicinity of the critical temperature in zero\nexternal magnetic field, while further away from Tc this voltage becomes zero.\nIn magnetic field it becomes a transverse voltage which is an even function\nwith respect to the direction of the field. The usual Hall voltage starts to\nappear with increasing magnetic field and in large fields the even voltage\ndisappears and only the Hall voltage is measurable (i.e. the transverse even\nvoltage is suppressed with increasing magnetic field and increasing transport\ncurrent). New scaling between transverse and longitudinal resistivities has\nbeen observed. This correlation is valid not only in the zero magnetic field\nbut also in nonzero magnetic field where transverse even voltage is detected.\nSeveral models trying to explain observed results are discussed. The most\npromising one seems to be guided motion of the vortices, though further\ntheoretical work will be required to confirm this.\n