jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
View of Kelly Lake in Watsonville, ca.1900

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Photograph of Kelly Lake in Watsonville, ca.1900. A short, wire fence extends through the tall grass in the foreground with plants emerging from the lake just behind it. A small boat sits among the plant life in the water at center with the smooth lake lying just beyond. A field of grass sits on the opposite bank of the lake on the right while rows of trees occupy the bank at center. Taller trees sit in a second grass field on the left with a rounded hillside in the background.
Defective blood glucose counter-regulation in diabetics is a selective form of autonomic neuropathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Administration of a low-dose insulin infusion to normal subjects results in a mild drop in blood glucose concentration (1.1 mmol/1 (20 mg/100 ml)) and the resetting of the basal glucose at the lower concentration. Clinical hypoglycaemia does not develop, and there is a significant release of glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol. A similar infusion in insulin-requiring diabetics results in hypoglycaemia accompanied by a release of growth hormone and cortisol but no significant release of glucagon. Subsequently giving arginine to these patients results in a significant release of glucagon, indicating that the alpha cell is intact and can respond to local, direct stimulation. In one patient the defect in glucagon response to impending hypoglycaemia developed after two years' insulin treatment. This type of dissociated response' of the alpha cell has been reported in animals after denervation of the pancreas, and insulin-requiring diabetics may develop a selective form of autonomic neuropathy affecting the vagal control of glucagon release.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between ProtonPump Inhibitors and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Aim: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) mortality continues to increase across the world. This meta-analysis was aimed to investigate the relationship between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of EAC. Methods: This meta-analysis was done as per the PRISMA checklist using relevant keywords. To this end, an extensive search was done on 29/6/2022 in EMBASE, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus. In this study, 95% confidence interval (CI) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to estimate the overall effect size. Analysis of the odds ratio (OR) for EAC was done using a random effects model. Results: A total of 20 studies were included in the review. Compared to the group that received PPIs, the OR of EAC in the recipients of the PPIs group was obtained at 0.67 (95% CI = 0.39-1.29, P = 0.240). The meta-regression, including year, follow-up time, study design, sample size, quality of the study, study period, and geographical location, demonstrated no source of heterogeneity (P > 0.10). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between PPIs use and the risk of EAC. Accordingly, PPIs do not have a protective or risk factor effect on EAC.
A Study to Estimate Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis (TCP) and Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis (ACP) and its Correlation with Zinc Status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim of the present study was to estimate oxidative stress and antioxidant status in tropical chronic pancreatitis (TCP) and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) and correlate with zinc status. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology for two years and Chronic pancreatitis patients were recruited for the study and were diagnosed on the basis of presence of pancreatic calcification (US/CT) and/or parenchymal or ductal changes on imaging. 100 patients were included in the study. Results: Of the 100 patients, there were 50 TCP patients and 50 ACP patients. The mean age of all CP patients was comparable with the age of controls; however, TCP patients were younger than ACP patients. The mean body mass index was comparable in all three groups. The erythrocyte GSH, GPx, SOD, and plasma vitamin C levels were lower, and erythrocyte TBARS was higher in both TCP and ACP patients as compared to healthy controls. Plasma vitamin C was lower whereas, erythrocyte TBARS was higher in TCP patients as compared to ACP patients. Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in ACP as compared to TCP patients. We found lower values of erythrocyte GSH, GPx, SOD, and plasma vitamin C and higher erythrocyte TBARS in both diabetic and non-diabetic CP patients as compared to healthy controls. However, we did not find differences between diabetic and non-diabetic TCP patients or between diabetic and non-diabetic ACP patients. Conclusion: Our study corroborates the role of oxidative stress in CP and suggests some differences in oxidative status in TCP and ACP patients. Zinc deficiency appears to affect oxidative status in CP patients.
Food rescue: investigating directions for the future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis research helps explain how organisations can be structured to best respond to the needs of people experiencing food insecurity; an integrated person-centred approach must be employed. There is capacity for food charities to advocate and collaborate to promote long-term solutions and also, deliver acute support for people&rsquo;s health.\n\t\t\t\t
The Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH): For Poverty Reduction and Social Protection

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The general objective of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a program that can increase accessibility to education, health, and social welfare services in supporting the achievement of the quality of life of poor families so that they become more feasible. The PKH is a poverty alleviation program and a social protection system for the poor that aims to support the achievement of development goals, with the support of beneficiaries which has become the goal of the PKH participants. The implementation of the PKH in Aceh Besar Regency is a condition that shows the activities of implementing cash assistance for the poor. So that, what determined beforehand was achieved. PKH is also expected to reduce the burden of spending on poor families in the short term and can also break the poverty chain in the long term in an area. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results, in general, the implementation of the PKH has been going very well. It can be seen from the condition of the recipients of PKH assistance, they used it to help with the social conditions and education of children, help with health and nutrition costs for pregnant women, postpartum mothers, and children under 6 years old from poor households, and make PKH participants aware of the importance of these services. Keywords: implementation, government policy, PKH, poverty, social protection.
Three in four undescribed plant species are threatened with extinction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Many thousands of plant species remain unknown to science, most being range-restricted and/or rare – both factors that increase extinction risk. Here, we show that more than 75% of species described after 2020 would qualify as threatened if assessed for the IUCN Red List. We recommend that newly described species are assumed to be threatened and encourage taxonomists to partner with assessors at the time of description to formally evaluate the extinction risk of new species using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
SH0871035.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Physician Burnout Quality of Life/ Wellness Resource Pilot Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of low personal accomplishment that leads to decreased effectiveness at work (American Journal of Medicine, 2003). Despite the efforts to combat burnout, the number of U.S. physicians who experience burnout rose from 45 percent to over 50 percent between 2011 and 2014 (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2015). The purpose of this quality improvement evidence-based capstone project was to determine whether a physician wellness pilot program can reduce and or eliminate burnout and stress for practicing physicians at an acute care healthcare institution in the Chicago metropolitan area. The capstone project consisted of a pre-intervention survey, an intervention and a post intervention survey. The participants targeted for this evidence-based project were practicing physicians in Illinois that span across all specialty groups. The physician burnout wellness pilot program was implemented during a two-week period of time during which participants were provided with resources to reduce and or eliminate symptoms of burnout. The implementation of the physician wellness pilot program capstone project showed the physicians at this organization were less stressed and more satisfied with their job at (0.555) percent compared to pre intervention survey results that faired (0.77) and that of the national average of (0.80). Additionally, the post intervention survey results showed the physicians at this organization are experiencing a lower level of burnout (0.44) percent compared to pre intervention survey results that faired (0.53), but a higher level of burnout compared to the national average (0.29). Physician burnout is an epidemic that requires immediate attention because it not only effects the physicians, but it effects the healthcare system. As such, regardless of the specialty and demographics of the physicians, organizations and physicians alike must do their part in assessing if burnout exists. The findings showed the importance of physicians being able to recognize the warning signs of burnout, encourage them to seek help when they are stressed, and take active steps towards ridding or reducing burnout. The findings were compatible with evidence-based research that supports building physician resilience by way of the development of a wellness program.
A modification of the Wiener process due to a Poisson random train of diffusion-enhancing pulses

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A Poisson-modified Wiener process is considered. Its conditional probability density is calculated exactly. Various forms of the evolution equation are derived for the case when the initial probability density is arbitrary. A generalization is also treated when this equation contains a term analogous to the potential energy term in the Schrodinger equation. The Green function of this equation is derived in the form of a functional integral which may be considered as a direct generalization of the Feynman-Kac integral. An application is suggested in the theory of quasiparticles with a non-parabolic dispersion law.
Takayasu's Disease with Aneurysm of Right Common Iliac Artery and Iliocaval Fistula in a Young Infant: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Takayasu's arteritis or nonspecific arteritis is a term used to designate a primary arteritis of unknown etiology involving the aorta and its major branches at any level. Generally, the lesions are obliterative; however, aneurysms and saccular dilations have also been described. The arteritis was originally believed to be limited to the aortic arch; however, involvement of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta has been reported. In fact, the majority of cases of Takayasu's disease in children involve the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. A case of Takayasu's disease in a 7-month-old black male infant involving the right common iliac artery with development of a large aneurysm and an iliocaval fistula is reported. This child is the youngest to be affected by the disease as reported in the literature. Although Takayasu's disease is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with an abdominal mass.
Cytomorphology of carcinoid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This report is based on a review and study of carcinoid tumors as seen in smears prepared from exfoliative or aspiration smears. During a period of eight years (1970 to 1978), 236 cytologic specimens were examined from 64 patients treated for carcinoid tumors at Memorial Hospital. Thirty-eight cytologic specimens from 18 patients were interpreted as either suspicious or positive for malignant cells. Tumor cells were identified most often in tracheobronchial specimens, effusions and percutaneous aspirates. A striking similarity in cell morphology was found between exfoliated and aspirated tumor cells. Certain specific or suggestive cytologic features were recognized. The histogenesis of carcinoids and the role of intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules in the differential diagnosis is discussed together with the clinicopathologic implication of positive cytologic findings.
<title>Infrared spectroscopic detection of ions and free radicals in discharge plasmas</title>

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of molecular ions and free radicals has witnessed a dramatic progress in the past ten years. Spectroscopic identification and characterization of transient species are of great importance for understanding elementary processes in discharge plasmas. Infrared spectroscopy of molecular ions is a relatively new field. Nevertheless, up to the present time, more than 50 species (including negative ions) have been identified and the spectroscopic constants have been determined. In this presentation, some of the more recent results are reviewed, and a new observation of the infrared spectra of D3 and formation mechanism of triatomic hydrogen radicals in hydrogen discharge plasma are discussed.
Church and State in Rhodesia: From the Unilateral Declaration of Independence to the Pearce Commission, 1965–72

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines in a wider context the relations between church and state in Rhodesia from the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965 to the Pearce Commission in 1972. The major points of church–state conflict during this period centred around UDI, Proposals for a New Constitution for Rhodesia of 1969, Rhodesia's Land Tenure Act of 1969, and the 1971 Anglo-Rhodesian Proposals for a Settlement of Rhodesia's constitutional problems. While the Catholic Bishops of Rhodesia spoke with one voice on these vital issues, there were differences of opinion within and across Protestant denominations. Nevertheless, through their umbrella organisation, the Christian Council of Rhodesia, the Protestants made common cause with the Catholic Bishops in their opposition to the Rhodesian State on various issues.
Gas Chromatographic-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds by Ion-Molecule Reactions Using the Electron-Deficient Reagent Ion CCl (3) (+)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

When using tetrachloromethane as the reagent gas in gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry equipped with hybrid ionization source, the cation CCl (3) (+) was generated in high abundance and further gas-phase experiments showed that such an electron-deficient reagent ion CCl (3) (+) could undergo interesting ion-molecule reactions with various volatile organic compounds, which not only present some informative gas-phase reactions, but also facilitate qualitative analysis of diverse volatile compounds by providing unique mass spectral data that are characteristic of particular chemical structures. The ion-molecule reactions of the reagent ion CCl (3) (+) with different types of compounds were studied, and results showed that such reactions could give rise to structurally diagnostic ions, such as [M + CCl(3) - HCl](+) for aromatic hydrocarbons, [M - OH](+) for saturated cyclic ether, ketone, and alcoholic compounds, [M - H](+) ion for monoterpenes, M(center dot+) for sesquiterpenes, [M - CH(3)CO](+) for esters, as well as the further fragment ions. The mechanisms of ion-molecule reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic ketones and alcoholic compounds with the reagent ion CCl (3) (+) were investigated and proposed according to the information provided by MS/MS experiments and theoretical calculations. Then, this method was applied to study volatile organic compounds in Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum and 20 compounds, including monoterpenes and their oxygen-containing derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbon and sesquiterpenes were identified using such ion-molecule reactions. This study offers a perspective and an alternative tool for the analysis and identification of various volatile compounds.
CONSUMER TRUST MODEL ON TRAVEL AGENT ONLINE: ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED USEFULNESS AND SECURITY ON RE-PURCHASE INTERESTS (Case Study: TIKET.COM)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Technological development is very rapid, many things are very influential with the presence of the internet, many consumers are spoiled by online shopping, with this it will make it easier for transactions between sellers and buyers. Starting from the search for goods, to make payment transactions. But with the internet, in addition to making it easier for buyers and sellers, but also creating new problems, with the convenience, it will make it easier for competitors to do the same. Competitors will more easily seize customers, and customers will also more easily go to other sellers, therefore the question arises, how to make repurchase intention occur. One business player who sees the internet as a new market share in attracting consumers is the online travel agent business. In the beginning, this travel business was only done conventionally. Then the travel business also utilizes technology in marketing activities. With this research will find out whether there is an influence between perceived usefulness, with trust, then whether there is a perceived influence on repurchase intention, and whether there is an influence of trust with repurchase intention. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Using the Slovin formula, a sample of 100 customers was obtained, the margin of error set was 10% or 0.10. Quantitative analysis methods with SEM analysis tools and Smart PLS and SPSS tools.
Performance Evaluation of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems Over Non-Linearities With Memory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications systems plans to support different types of applications, where each of these applications may have different requirements. For this reason, the main characteristic of 5G mobile communications systems is the flexibility of their architecture. An interesting proposal that can meet the requirements of these applications is the multi-carrier waveform Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM). However, due to its multi-carrier nature, this new waveform is highly sensitive to non-linear distortions arising mainly from high-power amplifiers (HPA). In addition, the wideband characteristics of multi-carrier signals result in frequency-dependent distortions, typically know as memory effects. This paper presents the development of closed-form analytical expressions that could be used to evaluate the impact of the distortions induced by non-linearities with memory in the out-of-band emissions and the bit error rate performance of GFDM-based systems. The resulting analytical expressions are general enough to obtain numerical results for different parameters of the GFDM-based system.
Inflammasome-independent functions of NAIPs and NLRs in the intestinal epithelium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The gut relies on the complex interaction between epithelial, stromal and immune cells to maintain gut health in the face of food particles and pathogens. Innate sensing by the intestinal epithelium is critical for maintaining epithelial barrier function and also orchestrating mucosal immune responses. Numerous innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in such sensing. In recent years, several Nucleotide-binding-domain and Leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) have been found to partake in pathogen or damage sensing while also being implicated in gut pathologies, such as colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we discuss the current literature focusing on NLR family apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs) and other NLRs that have non-inflammasome roles in the gut. The mechanisms behind NLR-mediated protection often converges on similar signalling pathways, such as STAT3, MAPK and NFκB. Further understanding of how these NLRs contribute to the maintenance of gut homeostasis will be important for understanding gut pathologies and developing new therapies.