jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gender and Altitude on Vitamin D Status Among Saudi Population: A Cross Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health concern worldwide, resulting mainly due to insufficient sunlight exposure. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the Saudi population living at different altitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the level of vitamin D deficiency between 3402 (2110 female and 1292 male) population from Jeddah, 12 m above the sea level and with 3957 population (2202 female and 1755 male) from Asir, 2270 m above sea level. Data were collected from the biochemical investigation for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the serum calcium. Hypovitaminosis D (insufficiency and deficiency) was prevalent in 84.1% of females (n = 1775) and 81.7% of males (n = 1056) from Jeddah while 77.02% females (n = 1696) and 80% males (n = 1404) from Asir region. A negative correlation between Vitamin D and altitude was observed for gender (R = -0.894, P = 0.261) and age (R = -0.812, P = 0.382); the risk of hypovitaminosis D generally increases with decreasing altitude. The probability of Vitamin D deficiency was higher among female populations and study subjects living at the low altitudes, i.e., from the Jeddah region.
A Highly-Efficient Fuzzy-Based Controller With High Reduction Inputs and Membership Functions for a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most conventional Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) rules are based on the knowledge and experience of expert operators: given a specific input, FLCs produce the same output. However, FLCs do not perform very well when dealing with complex problems that comprise several input variables. Hence, an optimization tool is highly desirable to reduce the number of inputs and consequently maximize the controller performance, leading to easier maintenance and implementation. This article, presents an enhanced fuzzy logic controller applied to a photovoltaic system. Specifically, both inputs and membership functions are reduced, resulting in a Highly Reduced Fuzzy Logic Controller (HRFLC), to model a 100kW grid-connected Photovoltaic Panel (PV) as part of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) scheme. A DC to DC boost converter is included to transfer the total energy to the grid over a three-level Voltage Source Converter (VSC), which is controlled by varying its duty cycle. FLC generates control parameters to simulate different weather conditions. In this study, only one input representing the current variation (ΔI) of the FLC is used to provide an effective and accurate solution. This reduction in simulation inputs results in a novel HRFLC which simplifies the solar electric system design with output Membership Functions (MFs). Both are achieved by grouping two rules instead of using an existing state-of-the-art method with twenty-five MFs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FLC able to provide such rules compression. Finally, a comparison with different techniques such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) shows that HRFLC can improve the dynamic and the steady state performance of the PV system. Notably, experimental results report a steady state error of 0.119%, a transient time of 0.28s and an MPPT tracking accuracy of 0.009s.
Identifying fundamental goals of childbirth care for women with higher body weight in Swiss maternity care: an embedded mixed methods multi-stakeholder study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The first objective of the study was to identify fundamental goals of childbirth care for women with higher body weight to inform decision-making processes by drawing on multi-stakeholder insights. The second objective included evaluating the method used to support these stakeholders in generating a more diverse set of fundamental goals. Design Using an embedded mixed methods design, we engaged key stakeholders in two group workshops and 11 individual interviews to identify goals considered fundamentally important for achieving the best possible childbirth care. Participants individually brainstormed childbirth care goals, selected additional goals from a pre-established masterlist and discussed them. Thereafter, participants rated the goals’ perceived importance for decision-making on a Likert scale. We thematically analyzed the goals and mapped them onto a means-ends network to identify and refine a set of fundamental goals. Methodological evaluations involved descriptive statistics and non-parametric testing. Setting Swiss maternity care. Participants 21 stakeholders, including seven women with a preconceptional body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , nine midwives, and five obstetricians experienced in maternity care for women with higher body weight. Results We identified eight fundamental goals of childbirth care: low maternal and neonatal complication rates, physiological childbirth processes, positive initiation of bonding and breastfeeding, positive psychosocial care experience, low physical strain for care providers, low resource use in care setting, and low direct costs of childbirth care. Individual participants generated more diverse fundamental goals on average by combining individual brainstorming with goal selection from a masterlist than by brainstorming alone. A theoretical maximum of six participants captured all eight fundamental goals. Conclusions The fundamental goals provide a framework for benchmarking decisions to improve childbirth care for women with higher body weight. Additionally, individual brainstorming combined with goal selection from a masterlist appears to be a useful method for generating a diverse set of fundamental goals in a healthcare context, even with relatively few participants.
The Study on Ferromagnetic Resonance Linewidth for NM/80NiFe/NM (NM=Cu, Ta, Pd and Pt) Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The out-of-plane angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was measured for NM/80NiFe(Py)/NM (NM=Cu, Ta, Pd and Pt) films with various Py, Cu and Ta thicknesses fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The out-of-plane angular dependences of FMR resonance field and linewidth were analyzed using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation taking account of broadening of linewidth due to magnetic inhomogeneities in a film. Magnetic inhomogeneities were assumed to be the fluctuation of magnitude and direction of the effective demagnetization field which contains both demagnetization and perpendicular anisotropy field for a film. The calculations of the angular variations of linewidth agreed with the experimental ones quantitatively. The fluctuations of magnitude and direction of the effective demagnetization field, which are represented as Δ(4π M eff. ) and Δθ H , respectively, increased with decreasing Py thickness for all NM/Py/NM films. Δθ H increased as the thicknesses of the buffer layers increased for Cu/Py(40 Å)/Cu films and was almost constant with increasing buffer layer thickness for Ta/Py(40 Å)/Ta films. Only in the case of NM=Pd and Pt films, the Gilbert damping parameter, which is the speed of decay of magnetization precession, was enhanced significantly as compared with that for the bulk sample and was dependent on Py thickness.
The mechanism of ATP-dependent RNA unwinding by DEAD box proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract DEAD box proteins catalyze the ATP-dependent unwinding of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In addition, they facilitate protein displacement and remodeling of RNA or RNA/protein complexes. Their hallmark feature is local destabilization of RNA duplexes. Here, we summarize current data on the DEAD box protein mechanism and present a model for RNA unwinding that integrates recent data on the effect of ATP analogs and mutations on DEAD box protein activity. DEAD box proteins share a conserved helicase core with two flexibly linked RecA-like domains that contain all helicase signature motifs. Variable flanking regions contribute to substrate binding and modulate activity. In the presence of ATP and RNA, the helicase core adopts a compact, closed conformation with extensive interdomain contacts and high affinity for RNA. In the closed conformation, the RecA-like domains form a catalytic site for ATP hydrolysis and a continuous RNA binding site. A kink in the backbone of the bound RNA locally destabilizes the duplex. Rearrangement of this initial complex generates a hydrolysis- and unwinding-competent state. From this complex, the first RNA strand can dissociate. After ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release, the DEAD box protein returns to a low-affinity state for RNA. Dissociation of the second RNA strand and reopening of the cleft in the helicase core allow for further catalytic cycles.
Development of Rabies Inhibiting Substance in Skunks Infected with Rabies Virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

INTEACEEEBEAL inoculation of mice with suspensions of suspected tissue has been con¬ sidered the definitive diagnostic technique for rabies.Earlier workers had recognized that occasionally rabies virus could not be demon¬ strated by this method from tissues of clinically rabid animals and used the term "auto-steriliza- tion" to describe this phenomenon (1-6).Johnson (6) summarized these findings: "In dealing with animals, however, isolation of the virus becomes increasingly difficult the longer an animal lives after the onset of the disease, and when death is delayed for a week or more it may be impossible to isolate the virus."A substance which neutralized rabies virus in the tissues of a fox and of skunks infected with native or "street" virus was originally re¬ ported in 1962 (7).This substance was later demonstrated from the tissues of a larger series of foxes and skunks and was called rabies in¬ hibiting substance (EIS) (8).Bell, in 1964, noted the development of neutralizing antibody in tissues as well as serum of mice that were inoculated intraperitoneally with rabies virus from several sources (9).The following study was designed to ascer¬ tain the time when EIS developed in relation to the clinical course of rabies in skunks, the rela¬ tionship of EIS to serum neutralization (SN)
Large-scale deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation calculations of the $γ$-ray strength function using the Gogny force

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Valuable theoretical predictions of nuclear dipole excitations in the whole chart are of great interest for different nuclear applications, including in particular nuclear astrophysics. Here we present large-scale calculations of the $E1$ $γ$-ray strength function obtained in the framework of the axially-symmetric deformed QRPA based on the finite-range Gogny force. This approach is applied to even-even nuclei, the strength function for odd nuclei being derived by interpolation. The convergence with respect to the adopted number of harmonic oscillator shells and the cut-off energy introduced in the 2-quasiparticle (2-$qp$) excitation space is analyzed. The calculations performed with two different Gogny interactions, namely D1S and D1M, are compared. A systematic energy shift of the $E1$ strength is found for D1M relative to D1S, leading to a lower energy centroid and a smaller energy-weighted sum rule for D1M. When comparing with experimental photoabsorption data, the Gogny-QRPA predictions are found to overestimate the giant dipole energy by typically $\sim$2 MeV. Despite the microscopic nature of our self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov plus QRPA calculation, some phenomenological corrections need to be included to take into account the effects beyond the standard 2-$qp$ QRPA excitations and the coupling between the single-particle and low-lying collective phonon degrees of freedom. For this purpose, three prescriptions of folding procedure are considered and adjusted to reproduce experimental photoabsorption data at best. All of them are shown to lead to rather similar predictions of the $E1$ strength, both at low energies and for exotic neutron-rich nuclei. Predictions of $γ$-ray strength functions and Maxwellian-averaged neutron capture rates for the whole Sn isotopic chain are also discussed and compared with previous theoretical calculations.
EP33.09: A rare pelvic tumour: endosalpingiosis of the cervix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endosalpingiosis is the presence of tubal ectopic glands outside the fallopian tube. It may be present in pelvic organs, including ovaries, fallopian tube serosa, uterine serosa, myometrium or pelvic peritoneal surfaces. This disease is not well-studied, and the clinical features remain uncertain. Usually revealed during laparoscopy performed due to pelvic pain and also often associated with endometriosis. In our case report a 47 year-old female patient has been checked during routine annual check-up at her gynecologist without any complaint. An uncommon multilocular cystic mass was found. Further and detailed ultrasound scan proved that the mass was distorting the upper part of the cervix but not affecting the uterine cavity and the ectocervix. Colour score 2 was noticed with some circulation in the septae. Although malignancy was not suspected total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed. Histological evaluation of the specimen proved a benign condition - endosalpingiosis of the cervix. No further treatment was necessary; recurrence has not been reported since then. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
[Clinicostatistical study of the reasons for placing and replacing restorations].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This article presents the results of a clinical study conducted in the department of Operative Dentistry of the University of Athens. The reasons for placing and replacing restorations, the restorative material used, patient's age and sex, teeth and surfaces involved and age of replaced restorations were the variables studied in 1520 restorations. The results revealed that 53.2% of the restorations were placed for the first time. 92.6% of the new restorations were placed due to primary caries. Secondary caries were the reasons for the 35% of the replaced with amalgam restorations. Secondary caries and color mismatch were the reasons for the 25% and 23.2% respectively of the replaced with composite restorations.
Low Glucose Degradation Product Peritoneal Dialysis Regimen Is Associated With Lower Plasma EN‐RAGE and HMGB‐1 Proinflammatory Ligands of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Intraperitoneal glucose degradation products ( GDP ) load influences systemic advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ) but the effects on soluble receptor for AGEs (s‐ RAGE ) and its proinflammatory ligands: extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end‐products binding protein( EN‐RAGE ) and high mobility group box‐1 protein ( HMGB ‐1) are unknown. We aimed to compare plasma and peritoneal s‐ RAGE , EN‐RAGE and HMGB ‐1 between three peritoneal dialysis ( PD) prescription regimens with different intraperitoneal GDP loads. High GDP load (glucose‐lactate PD fluid, D ; N = 8) was compared with a low (glucose‐bicarbonate/lactate with icodextrin for overnight dwell, E ; N = 9) and a very low GDP load (glucose‐bicarbonate/lactate, P ; N = 16). D group demonstrated higher plasma EN‐RAGE , 77.8 ng/mL, vs. both E , 11.2, P < 0.001 and P , 27.0, P < 0.001 as well as higher plasma HMGB ‐1, 2.2 ng/mL vs. both E , 1.1, P < 0.01 and P , 1.5, P < 0.01. Plasma s‐ RAGE, which did not differ between D , E and P, correlated with its effluent levels. Patients with faster peritoneal transport ( D/P cr > 0.65) tended to have higher plasma s‐ RAGE compared to slow transporters (2300 vs. 1762 pg/mL, P = 0.056). Peritoneal clearance of s‐ RAGE and EN‐RAGE was higher with E compared to both D and P ( P < 0.001 resp. P < 0.01). Subgroup of PD patients with CRP above median demonstrated higher plasma HMGB ‐1 and EN‐RAGE , P < 0.05 for both. A lower intraperitoneal GDP load is associated with decreased plasma levels of EN‐RAGE and HMGB ‐1. Peritoneal transport, microinflammation and the capability of icodextrin to increase peritoneal clearance of middle molecular weight substances might also exert an effect on plasma s‐ RAGE and its proinflammatory ligands levels.
Ecology, livelihoods, and management of the Mauritia flexuosa palm in South America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mauritia flexuosa is a key ecological and economic palm found throughout tropical South America. To inform improved management of M. flexuosa, we conducted a systematic review of published information about the ecology, livelihoods, and management of M. flexuosa, synthesized the information and identified knowledge gaps, and analyzed the spatial distribution of publications. A total of 143 documents (primary research, literature reviews, and grey literature) were reviewed. Most published information originates from Peru and Brazil, with a disproportionate number of documents based in the Loreto Department of Peru. Significant geographical gaps in published information exist, especially in the northern portion of the species range. Existing literature emphasizes M. flexuosa fruit, although leaves, oil, and other products play important roles economically. To improve M. flexuosa management, we recommend that future research focuses on: (1) M. flexuosa availability; (2) harvest and cultivation; (3) development of consistent methods and standards; (4) landscape-level issues like land use change; (5) M. flexuosa within broader systems; (6) spatial gaps in research; (7) long-term research; and (8) multi- and interdisciplinary approaches.
Economic Liberalization in North Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

North African countries have been trying to reform and liberalize their economies. In spite of its dramatic start in the mid-1980s with the help of IMF, however, privatization and rationalization of public sector enterprises, which is considered as the core of economic liberalization, have faced significant obstacles. Many of these obstacles derived from the nature of politics. Public enterprises also has an important role to play as a tool to generate improved equity in this region. Therefore, political reform is a necessary condition of change if economic liberalization is to contribute to economic development in North African Arab countries.
Estimates of the Height and Date of the 25th Cycle of Solar Activity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Further development of the work of Obridko et al. [1] based on recent data confirms the assumption that the 25th cycle of solar activity is a medium-low cycle. Its height is expected to be $125.2\pm5.6$, and the expected date of the maximum phase is the end of 2023 or the first quarter of 2024.
Passive Vibration Damping of Aluminum by 1-3 Piezocomposites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effective properties of 1-3 piezocomposites are used to examine their passive vibration damping characteristics. An aluminum cantilever beam bonded with 1-3 piezocomposite dampers is modeled by means of “ANSYS” and “SIMULINK” softwares to investigate the dynamic behavior of the system. A method of determining the damping ratio introduced by the piezocomposite damper in conjunction with a simple resistive electrical circuit is established. The effect of volume fraction of the 1-3 piezocomposite on the damping of the system is analyzed. Damping ratio is observed to increase with rising volume fraction. At low volume fractions, the participation of piezoelectric fibers in the load-bearing pattern is to a lesser extent and hence the damping ratio is low. On the contrary as the volume fraction rises, the involvement of piezoelectric fibers increases resulting in higher damping ratios. Given that the inherent material damping in the aluminum beam is 0.0002, the additional damping provided by the bonded piezoelectric strips goes up to a maximum of 0.0042. Finally, the methodology developed in this paper can be used to model any type of vibratory structural system to determine the damping introduced by the piezocomposites.
Impairment of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Dorsal Striatum of the R451C ‐Neuroligin 3 Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human genetics indicates enrichment of synaptic pathway‐related mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Accordingly, several preclinical studies have reported synaptic alterations in different brain areas of relevant ASD mouse models. In particular, we previously showed that corticostriatal long‐term synaptic depression is impaired in the dorsal striatum of mice carrying the ASD‐associated R451C mutation in the neuroligin3 (NL3) gene, coding for the postsynaptic protein neuroligin 3. Here, we used behavioral, proteomic, biochemical, and electrophysiological approaches to explore the dorsal striatum‐dependent functions in the R451C‐NL3 knock‐in mouse model of ASD. A detailed behavioral analysis confirmed striatum‐dependent alterations in these mice. We further explored the synaptic function in the dorsal striatum, revealing modifications of the glutamatergic postsynaptic density protein composition and the impairment of different forms of corticostriatal long‐term synaptic plasticity involving the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, namely activity‐dependent depression and potentiation, and pharmacological 3,5‐DHPG‐induced synaptic depression. Notably, activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors was not able to potentiate NMDA receptor‐mediated currents despite unaltered kinetics of the ionotropic receptors. Protein expression levels of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors were reduced at striatal synapses. Overall, our findings point to a significant impairment of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 signaling in NL3 knock‐in mice, affecting the dorsal striatum circuitry, which is implicated in autism‐related behaviors. image
New bat locality records from Cuba with emphasis on the province of Matanzas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here we provide a compilation of bat distribution records based on neontological and paleontological data, updating the known distribution in Matanzas province, the Isle of Pines, and Central Cuba. From 97 collecting localities in the Province of Matanzas, we report 27 taxa out of the 34 known from the Cuban archipelago; 21 of them are extant while the other six are extinct. Antrozous koopmani and Natalus primus are considered locally extinct in Matanzas, as in most of the archipelago today, but had a wider distribution in the past that lasted until very late in the Holocene. The extinct endemics, Artibeus anthonyi, and Phyllops vetus, are reported for the first time in the province, and the distribution records of Phyllops falcatus, Lasiurus pfeifferi, Lasiurus insularis, Chilonatalus macer, and Eumops ferox are updated and expanded. These records make Matanzas the second richest province in bat diversity of the Cuban archipelago and an area of considerable conservation potential.
AC0010 supplementary Figure 2 from AC0010, an Irreversible EGFR Inhibitor Selectively Targeting Mutated EGFR and Overcoming T790M-Induced Resistance in Animal Models and Lung Cancer Patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>AC0010 Supplementary Figure 2. AC0010 kinase profiling</p>