jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear effects in modeling rotor systems on hydrodynamic fluid film bearings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two methods for determination of the equilibrium positions of the rotor in hydrodynamic bearings with axial throttling are considered. A complex mathematical model of a rigid symmetrical rotor on hydrodynamic sliding supports and calculations of moving equilibrium curves, stiffness coefficients and damping of the lubricant layer depending on the rotor speed and lubricant supply pressure are presented. Keywords Reynolds equation, trajectory method, linear model, stiffness, damping fetisov57rus@mail.ru, levykhuser01@gmail.com
Comparison of several important isoenzymes between Bt cotton and regular cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)insecticidal crystal protein is being commercialized in a large scale in China.Several important isoenzymes,including Peroxidases(POD),Polyphenoloxidases(PPO)and Esterases(EST),were compared between two Bt cotton lines and regular cotton.The activity of Peroxidase in Bt cotton was higher than that in regular cotton.There were also diferences between Bt cotton and regular cotton in the Electrophoretic Patterns of Peroxidase and the activity of Esterase isoenzyme.These physiological differences,maybe caused by genetic manipulation and tissue culture,could induce changes in secondary metabolism of Bt cotton and then bring ecological effects to environment.This kind of effect is also an important aspect of ecological risk assessment of transgenic plants released into environment.
Random perturbations of chaotic dynamical systems. Stability of the spectrum

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For piecewise expanding one-dimensional maps without periodic turning points we prove that isolated eigenvalues of small (random) perturbations of these maps are close to isolated eigenvalues of the unperturbed system. (Here ``eigenvalue'' means eigenvalue of the corresponding Perron-Frobenius operator acting on the space of functions of bounded variation.) This result applies e.g. to the approximation of the system by a finite state Markov chain and generalizes Ulam's conjecture about the approximation of the SBR invariant measure of such a map. We provide several simple examples showing that for maps with periodic turning points and for general multidimensional smooth hyperbolic maps isolated eigenvalues are typically unstable under random perturbations. Our main tool in the 1D case is a special technique for ``interchanging'' the map and the perturbation, developed in our previous paper, combined with a compactness argument.
Immigrants' Use of Welfare After Welfare Reform: Cross-Group Comparison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 represented a significant shift in U.S. public policy, rendering immigrants ineligible for most federal means-tested programs. We use the 1999 Current Population Survey (CPS) data set to provide the cross-sectional description of immigrants' use of public transfer programs, particularly focusing on Asian American immigrants. Little is currently known about the economic well-being of Asian immigrants and their program participation in the wake of recent welfare reform. This research contributes to the knowledge of Asian immigrants' reliance on public assistance and their socio-demographic characteristics in comparison with other racial/ethnic groups. KEYWORDS: ImmigrantsAsian/Pacific Islandersracial/ethnic groupswelfare usecash and in-kind benefits
Detecting differential protein expression in large-scale population proteomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based high-throughput quantitative proteomics shows great potential in large-scale clinical biomarker studies, identifying and quantifying thousands of proteins in biological samples. However, there are unique challenges in analyzing the quantitative proteomics data. One issue is that the quantification of a given peptide is often missing in a subset of the experiments, especially for less abundant peptides. Another issue is that different MS experiments of the same study have significantly varying numbers of peptides quantified, which can result in more missing peptide abundances in an experiment that has a smaller total number of quantified peptides. To detect as many biomarker proteins as possible, it is necessary to develop bioinformatics methods that appropriately handle these challenges. Results: We propose a Significance Analysis for Large-scale Proteomics Studies (SALPS) that handles missing peptide intensity values caused by the two mechanisms mentioned above. Our model has a robust performance in both simulated data and proteomics data from a large clinical study. Because varying patients’ sample qualities and deviating instrument performances are not avoidable for clinical studies performed over the course of several years, we believe that our approach will be useful to analyze large-scale clinical proteomics data. Availability and Implementation: R codes for SALPS are available at http://www.stanford.edu/%7eclairesr/software.html . Contact: wenzhong.xiao@mgh.harvard.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of lime and gypsum applications on the quality of soybeans grown under no-till (NT) are not well defined yet. A field trial established in 1998 on a dystrophic clayey Rhodic Hapludox, at Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil, evaluated grain yield and soybean quality based on oil, protein and nutrient content, after lime and gypsum applications under NT, in a randomized complete block design (n = 3), split-plot experiment. In the main plots, the treatments with dolomitic lime were: control (no lime), split application of lime on the surface (three yearly applications of 1.5 Mg ha¹), surface lime (4.5 Mg ha¹), and incorporated lime (4.5 Mg ha¹). Subplots received four different rates of gypsum: 0, 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha-1. The soybean crop was evaluated in the agricultural years of 20022003 and 20032004. After 58 months, the correction of acidity through surface liming, with full or split rates, was more pronounced in the top layer (00.05 m) and there was greater reaction at the depths of 0.050.10 and 0.100.20 m when lime was incorporated. Surface or incorporated liming had no effect on grain yield, soybean oil and protein content. Gypsum improved chemical subsoil conditions, raising pH (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2) as well as Ca2+ and S-SO4(2-) contents; it also caused exchangeable Mg2+ leaching in the soil profile. The application of gypsum did not affect grain yield, yet it improved soybean quality through an increase in protein and S contents, in 20032004, and in grain P, K and Ca, in the two cropping years. The use of gypsum in NT soybeans can be especially important for fields of seeds production.
[Medical treatment of Graves' disease. Long term results (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Out of 115 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease who were treated for 18 months methimazole alone, only 35% had remained in remission for at least 3 years after cessation of antithyroid therapy. A significant correlation was found between recurrent hyperthyroidism and the presence antithyroid antibodies (microsomal antibodies) in the sera of these patients. Periodic assessments of TSH responses to TRH and thyroid suppressibility may be useful in determining the duration of medical therapy.
Program Pengembangan Kapasitas SDM dan Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Studi Kasus di BBPPKS Regional I Sumatera

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The optimality of the implementation of social welfare, which refers to Law Number 11 of 2009 concerning Social Welfare and Permensos Number 6 of 2020 concerning the Ministry of Social Affairs Strategic Plan 2020-2024, will be largely determined by the quality of human resources and social welfare institutions. This research is aimed at uncovering the performance of the HR capacity building program and social welfare institutions in supporting the optimization of social welfare implementation in the 2017-2021 period, with a case study at BBPPKS Regional I Sumatera. The results of the study show that in terms of budget allocation and proportionality, the proportion of budget allocations for the capacity building program for HR and social welfare institutions at BBPPKS Regional I Sumatera compared to the total budget for Social Research and Education is below 8%, which is in the range of 5.44% to 7.54% . On the other hand, the lack of budget allocations and proportions did not affect the output per activity. In terms of target and output, out of a total of 25 education and training programs, 24 (96.00%) of them produced output and 1 other training activity (4.00%) with 150% realization, due to changes in learning formats from offline to online due to the situation and conditions of the covid pandemic. Regarding the realization of outcomes, the Non Apparatus Social Welfare HR training shows a better proportionalization of material substance based on the main function and supports the implementation of Social Welfare compared to the Apparatus Social Welfare HR training. The increase in knowledge, skills, internalization of values ​​was also felt by most of the alumni of the Social Welfare and Non-Apparatus HR training, which also had a significant effect on improving the quality of performance, both in the eyes of direct superiors and colleagues. In terms of cooperation with the Provincial and Regency/City local governments through the 1st pattern as an ideal pattern, it has only been able to reach 6 (75.00%) of 8 Provinces and 4 (3.03%) of 132 Regencies/Cities in regional I region Sumatera.
Processing and Characterization of TiAl-based Alloys: Towards an Industrial Scale

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper highlights Onera efforts focused on the design of new TiAl-based alloys, the development of a commercially-viable route for the manufacture of aero engine components and the optimization of mechanical properties. The alloy G4, with a duplex microstructure, has been developed with an excellent balance of properties for gas turbine applications up to 800°C. Additionally, a series of TiAl-3(Fe,Zr,Mo) alloys have been designed for applications with good ductility requirements. Since these alloys were developed for the casting route, results show that the minimization of subsequent heat treatments is required for property scatter reduction. Alternatively, the Powder Metallurgy (PM) route was explored with the aim of establishing well defined microstructure- property relationships. Moreover, microstructural changes and related phase transformations were fully clarified in the now well known 47-2-2 alloy. This thorough understanding then enabled us to optimize the microstructure of the 47-2-2 alloy via process parameters, in order to meet industrial requirements in terms of tensile, creep, and fatigue properties. Furthermore, in the last three years, alternative PM processing routes, by means of Spark Plasma Sintering and Direct Metal Deposition processes, were found to provide enhanced tensile properties. Finally, structural factors such as the surface-related embrittlement and the formation of oxide scales that occurs on the degradation of mechanical properties, and in turn on the temperature limitations of the TiAl-based alloys, were identified. Different approaches aimed at improving the oxidation/ corrosion resistance are then described to achieve a better environmental durability for TiAl-based alloys.
Effect of Landscape Elements on the Symmetry and Variance of the Spatial Distribution of Individual Birds within Foraging Flocks of Geese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Behavioural instability is a newly coined term used for measuring asymmetry of bilateral behavioural traits as indicators of genetic or environmental stress. However, this concept might also be useful for other types of data than bilateral traits. In this study, behavioural instability indices of expected behaviour were evaluated as an indicator for environmental stress through the application of aerial photos of foraging flocks of geese. It was presumed that geese would increase anti-predator behaviour through the dilution effect when foraging near the following landscape elements: wind turbines, hedgerows, and roads. On this presumption, it was hypothesized that behavioural instability of spatial distribution in flocks of geese could be used as indicators of environmental stress. Asymmetry in spatial distribution was measured for difference in flock density across various distances to disturbing landscape elements through the following indices; behavioural instability of symmetry and behavioural instability of variance. The behavioural instability indices showed clear tendencies for changes in flock density and variance of flock density for geese foraging near wind turbines, hedgerows, and roads indicating increasing environmental stress levels. Thus, behavioural instability has proven to be a useful tool for monitoring environmental stress that does not need bilateral traits to estimate instability but can be applied for indices of expected behaviour.
Vision and change in undergraduate biology education: a call to action presentation to faculty for undergraduate neuroscience, july 2011.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The biology of the 21(st) century requires a revolution in teaching that corresponds to the revolution that the discipline experienced in the last decades of the 20(th) century. Consensus is not a tradition in the many disparate subdisciplines that constitute modern biology, but the demands of effective instruction prompted an unprecedented series of conversations among all the stakeholders of undergraduate biology education. A culminating conference resulted in consensus on both the form and substance of modern biology courses: They should emphasize repeatedly five core concepts and six core competencies in a student-centered, inquiry-driven pedagogy modeled on a number of "best practices." The conference report can serve as a guide to individual faculty members, departments, and institutions seeking to reform their teaching practices.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Utility of Myocardial Strain Based on Cardiac MR Tissue Tracking

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Myocardial strain for assessment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is of importance and may play a role in identifying obstruction in HCM patients. Purpose To evaluate the utility of myocardial strain for detecting left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in HCM patients based on magnetic resonance tissue tracking. Study Type Retrospective. Population In all, 44 adult HCM patients with LVOT obstruction and 108 adult HCM patients without LVOT obstruction. Field Strength/Sequence 1.5 T; Steady‐state free‐precession cine sequence; phase‐sensitive inversion‐prepared segmented gradient echo sequence for late gadolinium enhancement ( LGE ) imaging. Assessment Strain parameters including the local and global levels of LV myocardium and the subtraction (Sub) of myocardial strain variables between interventricular septal segments (IVSS) and noninterventricular septal segments (NIVSS) were measured for differentiating HCM with obstruction from nonobstruction. Average and maximum LV wall thickness (Average and Maximum LVWT) were also analyzed. Statistical Tests Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), intraclass correlation coefficient. Results In multivariate analysis, Average LVWT, Maximum LVWT, and the subtraction of radial peak strain (Sub Radial PS) between NIVSS and IVSS were independently associated with LVOT obstruction. The AUCs were 0.731, 0.840, and 0.890 for Average LVWT, Maximum LVWT, and Sub Radial PS, respectively. Sub Radial PS (cutoff value: 8.1%) demonstrated the highest sensitivity of 75.0% and a high specificity of 87.9% for identifying LVOT; Maximum LVWT (cutoff value: 22.9 mm) showed good sensitivity (72.7%) and specificity (83.3%). Combining Maximum LVWT >22.9 mm and Sub Radial PS > 8.1% achieved a better diagnostic performance (specificity 95.4%, sensitivity 70.5%). Data Conclusion Combining Maximum LVWT >22.9 mm and Sub Radial PS >8.1% holds promise for objectively evaluating LVOT obstruction in HCM patients with very high specificity and acceptable sensitivity. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
Supplementary Figure 1 from Milatuzumab-Conjugated Liposomes as Targeted Dexamethasone Carriers for Therapeutic Delivery in CD74<sup>+</sup> B-cell Malignancies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 60K, Serum cholesterol levels from mice treated with DEX and L-DEX</p>
Deixis in Egyptian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this volume, Maxim N. Kupreyev explores the intricate stories of Egyptian-Coptic demonstratives and adverbs, personal, relative pronouns and definite articles. Applying the concepts of distance, contrast, and joint attention, the book offers a panorama of competing deictic systems in Old Kingdom Egypt. It singles out dialectal differences and outlines the history of deixis not as a linear development, but as a competition of regional variants that gradually attain normative status. The results of the study reconsider the evolution of Ancient Egyptian, its periodization and its embedding in the Afro-Asiatic linguistic context.
Surgical Management of Complex Fractures of the Distal Femur

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractures of the distal femur are often complex injuries presenting numerous potential complications. The surgical management of these difficult injuries is based on classification, patient selection, and preoperative planning. The surgical approach and modified extensile approach include four fixation devices. The results with 63 patients and 68 injuries reviewed over a ten-year period consisted of 76% good to excellent results, five malunions, and a 4.4% infection rate.
Duncan Petrie and Rod Stoneman,Educating Film-makers Past, Present and Future.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years the history of film studies has become a topic of interest, with contributions from British and US historians, 1 and organizations and journals such as SCMS and Screen celebrating their own histories. In Educating Film-makers Past, Present and Future, Duncan Petrie and Rod Stoneman make a welcome contribution to this trend with what is, despite its broad title, an examination of the establishment and development of specialist film schools. But this expansive title is deserved, and the book will be of interest to all those in higher education teaching students who are making films as well analyzing them. This book has three sections but is definitely a book of two halves. In the first and second sections Petrie provides a lucid account of the historical development of film schools, with two surveys of institutions in continental Europe and the USA followed by a detailed account of four contrasting institutions in the UK. In the third section Stoneman takes on the task of drawing on his own long experience to give a polemical account of the current state of moving-image education in the hope of generating debate.
Immature murine NKT cells pass through a stage of developmentally programmed innate IL-4 secretion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract NKT cells undergo a phase of IL-4 secretion as they mature, with the potential to condition surrounding cells as they develop in the thymus. We assessed the production of the canonical Th2 cytokine IL-4 by NKT cells directly in vivo using IL-4-substituting strains of reporter mice that provide faithful and sensitive readouts of cytokine production without the confounding effects of in vitro stimulation. Analysis in naïve animals revealed an “innate” phase of IL-4 secretion that did not need to be triggered by administration of a known NKT cell ligand. This secretion was by immature NKT cells spanning Stage 1 of the maturation process in the thymus (CD4+ CD44lo NK1.1− cells) and Stage 2 (CD4+ CD44hi NK1.1− cells) in the spleen. Like ligand-induced IL-4 production by mature cells, this innate activity was independent of an initial source of IL-4 protein and did not require STAT6 signaling. A more sustained level of innate IL-4 production was observed in animals on a BALB/c background compared with a C57BL/6 background, suggesting a level of genetic regulation that may contribute to the “Th2-prone” phenotype in BALB/c animals. These observations indicate a regulated pattern of IL-4 expression by maturing NKT cells, which may endow these cells with a capacity to influence the development of surrounding cells in the thymus.
Prognostic Value of Mandard and Dworak Tumor Regression Grading in Rectal Cancer: Study of a Single Tertiary Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Goal . To evaluate the prognostic value of Mandard and Dworak grading systems regarding neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) response on rectal cancer. Materials and Methods . We queried our center’s database for patients with colo rectal cancer with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by total mesorectum excision (TME) between 2003 and 2011. After excluding 18 patients from the initial query the remaining 139 were reassessed for disease recurrence and survival; the specimens’ slides were reviewed and classified according to two tumor regression grading (TRG) systems: Mandard and Dworak. Based on these TRG scores, two patient groups were created: patients with good response versus patients with bad response (Mandard TRG1+2 versus Mandard TRG3+4+5 and Dworak TRG4+3 versus Dworak TRG2+1+0). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease recurrence were then evaluated. Results . Mean age was 64.2 years and median follow up was 56 months. No significant survival difference was found when comparing patients with Dworak TRG 4+3 versus Dworak TRG2+1+0 (P=0.10). Mandard TRG1+2 presented with significantly better OS and DFS than Mandard TRG3+4+5 (OS P=0.013; DFS P=0.007). Conclusions . Mandard system provides higher accuracy over Dworak system in predicting rectal cancer prognosis when neoadjuvant CRT is applied for tumor regression.
Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Long-standing reports of open sores on the hind legs of moose ( Alces alces ) have been recorded in Alaska (as well as Canada, Europe, and Michigan), eliciting concerns about causes and infection. We used histological and genomic methods to investigate the sores from 20 adult moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We paired this with thermal imagery and molt scoring of adult moose to further describe sore formation and understand its timing. Severe, ulcerative and eosinophilic dermatitis was found in all moose with sores present, and microfilariae within intraepidermal pustules were additionally found in four samples. Genetic analysis of sores from moose revealed a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca . Adult moose molt and lose their barrier of protection against flies in June and July during peak fly activity, leaving them vulnerable and allowing the development of sores. In summary, our results indicate that the cause for the sores on the hindleg of moose is a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca , probably transmitted by black flies, in timing with the molt cycle of adult moose. These sores leave moose exposed to pathogens, making them vulnerable, and challenging their health and fitness.