jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The status of the species Bacillus aerophilus and Bacillus stratosphericus. Request for an Opinion

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

During a study assessing the diversity of the Bacillus pumilus group it became apparent that the type strains of both Bacillus aerophilus and Bacillus stratosphericus were not available from any established culture collection, nor from the authors who originally described them. Therefore, type strains of these species cannot be included in any further scientific studies. It is therefore proposed that the Judicial Commission of the International Committee of Systematics of Prokaryotes place the names Bacillus aerophilus and Bacillus stratosphericus on the list of rejected names, if suitable replacements for the type strains are not found or if neotype strains are not proposed within two years following the publication of this Request for an Opinion.
Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Seen in Antananarivo Madagascar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that can cause a variety of organ damage, including cardiac involvement. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of lupus patients with cardiac involvement. Methods: This is a 7-year retrospective descriptive study (January 2015 to December 2021) including lupus patients with cardiac involvement, diagnosed by cardiac Doppler ultrasound and ECG, hospitalized in the JRB and CENHOSOA teaching hospitals. Results: Twenty-one patients were included, with a mean age of 31.31 years (±14.40) and a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.1. Dyspnea (n=6) and edema (n=8) were the main clinical manifestations. Antinuclear and anti-native DNA antibodies were positive in 15 (71.4%) and 13 (61.9%) patients respectively. ECG was abnormal in 13 patients (61.9%). Pericardial effusion (71.4%), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (42.9%), valvulopathy (42.9%) and pulmonary hypertension (33.3%) were the most common cardiac Doppler ultrasound abnormalities. Pericarditis was diagnosed in 13 patients (61.8%) and myocarditis in 6 (28.8%). Treatment was based on corticosteroid therapy (18 or 85.7%), hydroxychloroquine (14 or 66.7%), and immunosuppressor (4 or 19.1%). Four patients (19.1%) died. Conclusion: Cardiac involvement is prognostic in lupus patients and should be systematically investigated.
Website recruitment of corporate workforce in Singapore : the problems within and the challenges ahead.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper did a comparative study between US and Singapore, to find out the possible reasons for the difference in the level of usage of e-recruitment. It also discusses the benefits and challenges of e-recruitment as well as the rationale for Singapore to rapidly take on e-recruitment and how companies can better prepare themselves to do so. In addition, the report serves to highlight the importance of privacy policies in protecting personal information of jobseekers who apply online and whether the Singapore companies surveyed are aware of it.
Label-Free and Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Dexamethasone Using a FRET Aptasensor Utilizing Cationic Conjugated Polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dexamethasone (Dex) is a widely used glucocorticoid in medical practice, with applications ranging from allergies and inflammation to cerebral edema and shock. Despite its therapeutic benefits, Dex is classified as a prohibited substance for athletes due to its potential performance-enhancing effects. Consequently, there is a critical need for a convenient and rapid detection platform to enable prompt and accurate testing of this drug. In this study, we propose a label-free Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) aptasensor platform for Dex detection utilizing conjugated polymers (CPs), cationic conjugated polymers (CCPs), and gene finder probes (GFs). The system operates by exploiting the electrostatic interactions between positively charged CCPs and negatively charged DNA, facilitating sensitive and specific Dex detection. The label-free FRET aptasensor platform demonstrated robust performance in detecting Dex, exhibiting high selectivity and sensitivity. The system effectively distinguished Dex from interfering molecules and achieved stable detection across a range of concentrations in a commonly used sports drink matrix. Overall, the label-free FRET Dex detection system offers a simple, cost-effective, and highly sensitive approach for detecting Dex in diverse sample matrices. Its simplicity and effectiveness make it a promising tool for anti-doping efforts and other applications requiring rapid and accurate Dex detection.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1‐Diamino‐2‐nitroethylenes as Excellent Hydrogen Bond Donor Organocatalysts in the Michael Addition of Carbon‐Based Nucleophiles to β‐Nitrostyrenes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The application of the title catalysts is presented in the Michael—addition of several functionalized nucleophiles to β—nitrostyrenes under mild conditions.
Frontispiece: Tunable Surface Electric Field of Electrocatalysts via Constructing Schottky Heterojunctions for Selective Conversion of Trash Ions to Treasures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We emphasized a conceptually new method to tune the surface electric field of electrode materials by adjusting the number and density of heterojunctions inside, largely boosting the pre-adsorption and/or activation of reactants for selective conversion of trash ions to useful products.
The Import Trade Forecasting Model Based on PCA: Evidence from Rwanda

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A developing country like Rwanda heavily is keen on international trade for several essential goods in the development of an economy. This study investigated the influence of various factors affecting import trade, and use principal component analysis to determine an empirical model for a comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of import trade of Rwanda using secondary data over the period from 1980-2017. The PCA model showed that Rwanda's import trade is principally littered with investment fundamental factors, income consumption factors, price factors, inflation factors, and savings factors and the empirical results showed that Rwanda's import trade is negatively correlated with the investment fundamental and savings factors, the income consumption factors, price factor, and the inflation are positively correlated and therefore the forecast for the period 2018-2025 revealed that the import trade of Rwanda may experience an increase. The implication is that unstable price and currency depreciation cause high income consumption and increased import trade volume. The study advises policy makers on international trade first to pay attention to the accumulation of investment and savings checking if providing support for import trade control and enhance economic security. Second, stabilize the price and manage to keep inflation low and stable. Third, better focus on improving domestic production by not permitting Rwandan currency (Frw) to lose the worth, thus directly forming the necessity for foreign merchandise for investment purposes to increase the level of production exportation, which might have a giant positive impact on saving culture linked to economic growth.
Psychological changes among male drug dependent offenders in a prison-based therapeutic community programme

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Therapeutic communities have been found to be an effective intervention for drug dependent prisoners but little is known about the psychological mechanisms for change during treatment. Aims: The study investigates changes in locus of control, and in attitudes and beliefs about criminal behaviours among drug dependent offenders in a prisonbased therapeutic community programme. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study of 406 adult male, drug dependent offenders who entered a prison hierarchical TC programme. The programme duration was approximately 12 months, with 3 phases, induction, primary, and re-entry. Data were collected on demographics, substance use history, severity of drug dependence (SDS), criminal history, and risk of reoffending: main measures were Locus of Control (LOC), and Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M). Results: Statistically significant reductions were found across each stage of the TC programme with regard to personal responsibility (LOC), and for antisocial cognitions (CSS-M). No differences in responses were found between the heroin-dependent and cocaine-dependent offenders. No difference was found between heroin-dependent and cocaine-dependent offenders in programme completion rates. Conclusions: Psychological changes occurred sequentially as drug-dependent offenders progressed through the TC phases, which are consistent with the TC model of change and programme goals and the study provides encouraging evidence about the impact of prison-based TCs. Relatively little is known about the processes that are responsible for change during treatment, and the present findings add to this literature. Identifying and measuring changes in the individual during treatment is important when examining the factors that promote effective interventions.
Ownership concentration, risk management committee and hedging activity disclosure: A Malaysian case

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to contribute to the growing literature on the quality of accounting information disclosures related to hedging activities. Unlike previous studies, this study examined the influence of ownership concentrations on the relationship between risk management committee (RMC) effectiveness and hedging activities disclosures (HAD). Based on a sample of 166 public listed companies in Malaysia, the regression results indicated that ownership concentration did not have any significant relationship with the RMC's effectiveness in influencing the extent of HAD. However, there was little evidence to suggest that the RMC enhanced the extent of HAD when there was interference from concentrated family owners. The results from this study provided limited support for the hypothesised moderation effect based on agency and resource dependency theories which suggested a new bearing in the current literature on the association between ownership structure and RMC on the financial instrument disclosure employed by companies. Consequently, this study perceived that other researchers expanded their current understanding of accounting and reporting practices for derivatives on the impact of concentrated ownership on the extent of financial instrument disclosure which many previous Malaysian studies had failed to include in their discussion.
Teaching Note—Lessons Learned From Developing and Implementing a Dementia Caregiving Graduate-Level Service-Learning Course

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This teaching note delineates seven lessons learned when designing and implementing a graduate-level dementia caregiving service-learning course. The course was designed during a 1-year faculty service-learning fellowship and implemented during the summer of 2015. The course used a person-in-environment framework to explain social work practice with family systems affected by dementia. It aimed to increase students' knowledge about dementia and improve students' attitudes toward working with people with dementia through respite visits with families affected by dementia. Three recommendations for future course offerings are described.
Personal exposures to particulate matter in various modes of transport in Lagos city, Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban air pollution continues to be a major problem in Nigerian cities. Most studies of air pollution in Nigeria have concentrated on the background air quality and its effects on people outside vehicles. However, it has been suggested that in-vehicle pollution is often worse than pollution outside the vehicle. This study focuses on personal exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 in various modes of transportation in Lagos city. Six roadways which are representative of commercial, industrial, and residential areas of the city were selected. Measurements were made inside four major modes of transportation in the city: cars, buses, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and walking for PM10 and PM2.5. Measurements were done for each mode twice a day (morning and afternoon) for 12 days. The highest average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured for pedestrian (476.35 and 216.60 μg/m3, respectively) during rush hours. The result showed that pedestrians were found to be exposed to the highest average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, while commuters in cars, BRT and buses were exposed to respective decreasing concentrations of PM10. Similarly, commuters in BRT were exposed to the lowest concentrations of PM2.5 regardless of time of day. The results obtained were much higher than the results for London but comparable to Mexico city and Taiwan's results. This study has provided information that can help commuters to choose appropriate travel behavior that can minimize their exposure to particulate matter.
Dietary Determinants of Esophageal Cancer in Arsi Zone, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Esophageal cancer is ranked 5 th of all types of malignancies in Ethiopia following uterine, cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers. The findings regarding the dietary risk factors associated with an increased incidence of esophageal cancer were inconsistent. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted from from June 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. A total of 104 cases and 208 controls were involved. Cases were consecutively recruited from higher referral hospitals and matched to two population-based controls (1:2 ratio) on age, sex, and residence/altitude. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, coded and entered into the EPI info version7, and transported to SPSS software version 23. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to check the association between independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated to assess the strength of association. P-values <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: Cooking foods in a living room (AOR=2.8,[95% CI:( 1.11,7.38), teeth loss ( AOR= 4.4, [95%CI:(1.87,10.56),consumption of very hot porridge (AOR=4.2 [95% CI:(2.08, 8.72),drinking very hot coffee (AOR=3.9 [95% CI:(1.70,8.93),drinking large volume of coffee at a time (AOR=6.3 [95% CI:(2.93,13.78), eating porridge fast (AOR=9.2[95% CI:(2.98, 28.88) were positively associated with esophageal cancer. Conclusion: Multiple dietary practices were associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. The findings imply the need for behavior change communication targeting cooking and consumption behaviors to curb the problem of esophageal cancer in the study community.
Anxiety Disorders: Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder. It is usually characterized by the presence of two distinct phenomena: obsessions and compulsions. It is considered a common disorder with a 2.5% prevalence. Earlier age of onset, before age 18, has been associated with an increased risk in first-degree relatives. Neuroimaging studies have implicated abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and structures of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Several different lines of investigation support a serotonin hypothesis for OCD. Both pharmacologic and behavioral therapies have proved effective for OCD. Pharmacologic agents used to treat OCD include the SRIs clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram. Behavioral therapy is effective both as a primary treatment and an augmentation agent. Behavior therapy is based on the principles of exposure and response prevention. Although the majority of patients, perhaps as many as 85%, experience some improvement, most patients do not experience complete remission.
A Hybrid Security Algorithm in Container-based Virtualization Environments Using Residue Number Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The need for vigorous security methods becomes a great concern as container-based virtualization continues to gain close attention in modern edge computing environments. This study proposed a novel hybrid security algorithm designed specifically for containerized virtualization technology, leveraging the distinctive capabilities of Residue Number Systems (RNS). The proposed algorithm integrates the strengths of the bits permutation technique with the efficiency and parallelism inherent in RNS to enhance data security in containerized systems. The proposed algorithm combines RNS-based encryption and decryption processes with the bits permutation technique to form an adaptable security scheme. This proposed hybrid technique leverages an RNS's ability to perform modular arithmetic operations in parallel, offering data protection against certain attacks. The proposed security algorithm unlike the risk mitigation mechanisms like Linux-based, Firewall rules, MAC measures, and non-privileged mode, focused mainly on data protection in container-based virtualization environments. The algorithm's efficiency depends on the choice of moduli set and RNS reverse converter in terms of time and Hardware complexity. Furthermore, the proposed security algorithm was evaluated based on CRT with three moduli sets and a state-of-the-art RNS reverse converter in terms of time complexity. The proposed method performed better in terms of time complexity for the moduli set with a small dynamic range and the RNS reverse converter with less hardware complexity.
Household Evacuation Decision Making and the Benefits of Improved Hurricane Forecasting: Developing a Framework for Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Hurricane warnings are the primary sources of information that enable the public to assess the risk and develop responses to threats from hurricanes. These warnings have significantly reduced the number of hurricane-related fatalities in the last several decades. Further investment in the science and implementation of the warning system is a primary mission of the National Weather Service and its partners. It is important that the weather community understand the public’s preferences and values for such investments; yet, there is little empirical information on the use of forecasts in evacuation decision making, the economic value of current forecasts, or the potential use or value for improvements in hurricane forecasts. Such information is needed to evaluate whether improved forecast provision and dissemination offer more benefit to society than alternative public investments. Fundamental aspects of households’ perceptions of hurricane forecasts and warnings and their potential uses of and values for improved hurricane forecast information are examined. The study was designed in part to examine the viability of survey research methods for exploring evacuation decision making and for eliciting values for improved hurricane forecasts and warnings. First, aspects that affect households’ stated likelihood of evacuation are explored, because informing such decisions is one of the primary purposes of hurricane forecasts and warnings. Then, stated-choice valuation methods are used to analyze choices between potential forecast-improvement programs and the accuracy of existing forecasts. From this, the willingness to pay (WTP) for improved forecasts is derived from survey respondents.
Vertebral Artery Arteriovenous Fistula: Complication Following Cervical Spinal Fusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a rare case of extradural arteriovenous (AV) fistula of the right vertebral artery and vein following cervical spinal fusion. A 68-year-old female patient presented with complaints of a persistent buzzing sound in her right ear for 4 months that began following cervical spinal fusion surgery via an anterior approach. A right-sided bruit was noted and the patient was referred for a carotid duplex study. A carotid duplex was performed on a Philips IU22 using a 9-3 linear array transducer. The exam revealed a high-velocity vertebral artery waveform with spectral broadening and venous component suggestive of an AV fistula. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the neck confirmed a right extradural AV fistula at the level of C4 between the right vertebral artery and vein. The patient subsequently underwent angiography and coil embolization of the right vertebral artery. Postembolization angiography revealed resolution of the AV fistula and occlusion/near occlusion of the vertebral artery distal to the embolization. While vascular injuries are a known complication of spinal surgery using the anterior approach, it is rare for them to present as a late finding. Duplex evaluations of the carotid arteries for patients’ subjective noise complaints often do not reveal significant pathology; though in cases involving a history of prior surgical intervention, ultrasound may be useful in identifying iatrogenic vascular injury.
Social, physical and economic drivers of unintentional injuries among children under-5 in low-resource communities in Jinja City, Uganda: a photovoice exploration

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background The high rates of unintentional injuries among children under 5 in home environments have been attributed to social, physical, and economic drivers, especially in low-resource communities. This research aimed at exploring drivers of unintentional injuries among children under 5 in home environments using photovoice, a community-based participatory research approach. Methods 10 mothers were trained and given digital cameras to take photos of what they perceived to be risky situations for children under 5. The participants met fortnightly over 8 weeks to analyse and discuss their photographs. The discussions and photographs were analysed using conventional content analysis to develop subthemes and major themes. Results Mothers identified falls, burns, cuts, poisoning and drowning as the main injury hazards in their community. Children’s and parents’ behaviours and practices were identified as a cause of unintentional injuries in children under 5. Social determinants of health and inequities, including economic issues, lack of space, unsafe play areas and biomass energy for cooking and lighting, were also highlighted. Gender roles and perceptions of injury risks by parents were mentioned during the photograph discussions. Mothers also reflected on how the photovoice approach empowered households and communities to recognise and deal with injury risks. Conclusions This community-based participatory research methodology provided the much-needed in-depth exploration of the social, physical and economic drivers of injury risks among children under 5 in a low-resourced setting in Uganda while empowering mothers to prevent drivers of unintentional injury among their <5.
Elementary rate constants in atomic chlorination reactions. Part 3.—Bond dissociation energies and entropies of the activated state

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The experimental determination of numerous elementary rate constants in photochlorination reactions had been presented in preceding papers. These permit one to calculate bond dissociation energies, entropics of free radicals and of activated states. Schumacher's results on the photochlorination of ethylene and Howlett and Barton's experiments on the pyrolysis of chlorinated ethanes are re-interpreted. The entropy of activation for hydrogen-abstraction reactions is interpreted in terms of translational electronic, rotational and vibrational terms.