jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
El Ni&#241;o Southern Oscillation and Tropical Basin Interaction in Idealized Worlds

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this study we discuss a set of fully coupled general circulation model simulations with idealised geometries of the tropical ocean basins and land with a focus on important characteristics of El Ni&#241;o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) type of variability and tropical basin interaction. In a series of 15 simulations we first vary the zonal width of a single tropical ocean basin from 50o to 360o, while the rest of the tropical zone is set as land. Further we discuss different simplified configurations of two or three tropical ocean basins. The results show remarkable changes in ENSO characteristics as function of basin width and due to the interaction with other basins that challenge our current understanding of ENSO dynamics. A single basin ENSO has an optimal basin width of about 150o at which ENSO preferred period is the longest, the wind stress feedback is the strongest and variability is stronger than in all other basin widths, expect for the 350o basin. Tropical basin interactions substantially affect ENSO strength, periodicity, feedbacks, non-linearity, spatial scale and pattern. In experiments with two or three identical ocean basins we find highly synchronized ENSO modes that are identical between basins and far more energetic and oscillatory then the single basin modes. The results suggest that tropical basin interaction is an essential part of ENSO. The framework of these experiments can help to better understand the atmospheric dynamics of ENSO and should help to formulate an ENSO theory that incorporates tropical basin interactions as a core element.
An Empirical Evaluation of a Modified Technology Acceptance Model for SAP ERP System

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

SAP is the world leader in the enterprise resource planning (ERP) market with 25% market share. The objective of this study is to analyze and integrate several dynamics that have an impact on the adoption of SAP ERP system depending upon the modified technology acceptance model (TAM). Drawing from the TAM, four variables – actual usage, behavioral intention to use, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness – are synthesized and integrated with panoptic empowerment, consultant support, learner-learner interaction, learner-teacher interaction, mastery goal orientation, personal innovativeness, satisfaction, top management support, trialability, and user guidance to develop a research model. Our sample is gathered through the end users that have experience on the SAP ERP system in an emerging country, Turkey. The structural equation modeling approach is able to be applied since our sample size (N = 584) is large enough. The SmartPLS is used to conduct the analyses which indicate that out of 23 hypotheses, 20 of them are supported. Moreover, this paper conducts a mediation effect analyses. The implications of the results are reviewed, and the recommendations are provided for further studies. This article links the theory and practice in SAP ERP systems by proposing a model, which offers novel perceptions for engineering managers who are in search of adopting the SAP ERP system.
Comparison of Two Scaling Methods in Preoperative Digital Templating of Total Hip Replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Purpose Preoperative templating is essential for the planning of total hip replacement. Digital templating has gained popularity due to the availability of digital images. Scaling is the critical step that calibrates magnified digital images to the actual dimension, for subsequent digital templating. We compared the accuracy of two scaling methods: (1) radiological marker; and (2) fixed magnification factor. Methods Forty-five postoperative radiographs in 21 patients who had undergone either total hip replacement or hip hemiarthroplasty were evaluated. The sizes of femoral head components in the digital radiographs were estimated using the two scaling methods. The estimated values were then compared to the true values stated in operation records. The absolute error (AE) and relative error (RE) of both scaling methods were calculated and compared. Results Both the mean AE and RE were smaller in Method 2 (fixed magnification factor), and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion We recommend fixed magnification factor as the scaling method for digital templating.
Parallel tool industries in New Caledonian crows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Individual specialization in the use of foraging tools occurs in hunter–gatherer societies but is absent in non-human primate tool use. ‘Parallel tool industries’ in hunter–gatherers are mainly based on strict sexual division of labour that is highly reliant on social conformity. Here, we show that 12 individuals in a population of New Caledonian crows on Maré Island had strong preferences for either stick tools or pandanus tools. Eight of the 12 crows had exclusive preferences. The individual specialization that we found is probably associated with different foraging niches. However, in spite of sexual size dimorphism there was no significant association between the sex of crows and their tool preferences. Our findings demonstrate that highly organized, strict sexual division of labour is not a necessary prerequisite for the evolution of parallel tool industries.
Electrical Parameter Design and Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the need to replace fossil fuels with cleaner alternatives, the advancement of electric mobility has accelerated. Based on this, the electric train has been successfully developed and reached the condition. However, logistics and commercial vehicles still need to be sufficiently developed due to the electrical machine efficiency, weight, size, and control technology of the machines. This can be overcome by optimizing the dimensions of machines like winding diameter, length, and magnetic properties. In this study, we discussed various loss assessments, optimized winding size, and examined the mechanical properties of machines, including speed and torque. To examine the efficiency, speed, and torque characteristics of a machine, mathematical calculations are first done. The analytical model is validated through COMSOL, later the speed-torque characteristics are validated using a Simulink/MATLAB model.
Men of Iron: The Crowleys in the Early Iron Industry.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Men of Iron: The Crowleys in the Early Iron Industry Get access Men of Iron: The Crowleys in the Early Iron Industry. By M. W. Flinn. (Edinburgh: Nelson & Sons for the Edinburgh University Press, 1962. Pp. x + 270. 42s.) Charlotte Erickson Charlotte Erickson The Queen’s College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 73, Issue 290, 1 June 1963, Pages 325–327, https://doi.org/10.2307/2228559 Published: 01 June 1963
High Resolution Field Cycling for Analysis of Lipid Dynamics in Membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Phospholipid dynamics often play a role in binding of peripheral membrane proteins. Whether there are discrete phospholipid binding sites on the proteins is often difficult to assess unless binding is quite tight. Yet for many proteins that bind reversibly to membranes, weaker interactions with specific phospholipids can have important functional consequences. For example, phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) enzymes can be activated by nonsubstrate phospholipids with the extent of activation tuned by the lipid composition. Activity of the Bacillus thuringiensis PI‐PLC is significantly enhanced by a small amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the target membrane. Whether (and where) there is a discrete site for an activator PC molecule or whether lipid mixtures alter bilayer properties is hard to distinguish. High resolution 31 P and 13 C NMR relaxation studies from 0.005 to 11.7 T can be used to explore interactions of such a peripheral membrane protein with mixed phospholipid vesicles as well as with small molecules. If spin‐labeled proteins are used, estimates of site‐off rates and phospholipid binding site location can be made. With this novel approach for PI‐PLC, we see that (i) discrete complexes for each type of phospholipid on the enzyme with lifetimes around a microsecond must exist; (ii) the discrete site for a substrate analog is spatially different from that for activator PC; and (iii) modeling coupled with the NMR results suggests a PC site, near a series of tyrosine residues, that would aid in anchoring the protein to membranes. The high resolution field cycling method illustrated here may be extended to a wide range of proteins that reversibly bind to membranes to explore differential interactions with phospholipid components as well as other intermolecular interactions.
Religious and Professional Commitment in Pastoral Ministry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this contribution, we clarify the pastoral commitment of Dutch Roman-Catholic pastors by describing it as the interplay of religious and professional commitment, which we analyze both analytically and empirically. Our main research question regards an empirical and theological inquiry into the relationship of both aspects of pastoral commitment. We clarify that the incompatible humours of religious and professional commitment that we find in theological and ecclesiastical discussions, have to be nuanced when one takes the empirical topography of pastoral consciousness into account. Pastors seem to reflect more balanced views on the relationship of religious and professional commitment, which are described and discussed in this contribution. Distinctions are provided that understand pastoral spirituality on continua of religious display and professional performance. Both dispositional and ecclesiological viewpoints are drawn in to account for the varieties in tension between spiritual and professional commitment in pastoral ministry.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Scientific Research of Food Industry By-Products in the Period 1976–2021

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The combined necessity for sustainable production, a decrease in the human impact on the environment, the European Union striving to be climate neutral, and the pressure on the food industry to introduce sustainable technologies and products and reduce emissions into the environment to the minimum has led to perceiving food industry by-products (FIB) as valuable raw materials rather than waste. This has driven a constant increase in scientific research regarding the use of FIB. The aim of this research was to establish focal points and directions of the scientific research regarding FIB. Descriptive bibliography and visualization using software CiteSpace II were used to analyze research published in journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and determine and explain development trends. The results showed a constant growth of the scientific interest for FIB, which intensified since 2015. Research is being conducted worldwide, with Spain (13%) and Italy (11%) as leading countries. The results are published in journals with high impact factors and quartiles, using references published in the same rank.
A scent shield to survive: identification of the repellent compounds secreted by the male offspring of the cuckoo bumblebee Bombus vestalis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In social insects, the high cost of parental investment has promoted the evolution of traits that reduce or avoid care for unrelated offspring. They have evolved a sophisticated recognition system which enables them to reject foreign individuals, and therefore prevent their nest's exploitation by parasites and predators. Nonetheless, many social parasites are able to overcome social insect recognition and parasitize their parental care behaviour by laying their eggs in host nests. Although several studies have already been conducted on the strategies used by social parasites to successfully invade host nests, the strategy used by its offspring to evade host rejection is still poorly understood. In bumblebees, previous investigations indicated that male offspring of B ombus vestalis ( G eoffroy) (Hymeno‐ptera: A pidae), the specific obligate social parasite of B ombus terrestris (L.), may use allomones to evade host worker attacks. Following these studies, we performed electrophysiological studies and behavioural experiments to identify the potential repellents. Six compounds elicited electroantennographic responses in host worker antennae. The corresponding mixture of synthetic volatiles as well as pure tetradecyl acetate, and to a lesser extent pure ( Z )‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate, showed a repellent effect on starved host workers in a feeding bioassay. We hypothesize that tetradecyl acetate has a key function in the repellent effect of the secretions of B . vestalis male offspring towards B . terrestris host workers.
On Whitney type inequalities for local anisotropic polynomial approximation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove a multivariate Whitney type theorem for the local anisotropic polynomial approximation in $L_p(Q)$ with $1\leq p\leq \infty$. Here $Q$ is a $d$-parallelepiped in $\RR^d$ with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. We consider the error of best approximation of a function $f$ by algebraic polynomials of fixed degree at most $r_i - 1$ in variable $x_i,\ i=1,...,d$, and relate it to a so-called total mixed modulus of smoothness appropriate to characterizing the convergence rate of the approximation error. This theorem is derived from a Johnen type theorem on equivalence between a certain K-functional and the total mixed modulus of smoothness which is proved in the present paper.
Additional file 4: Table S4. of Construction of a high-density genetic map by specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and its application to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis for boll weight in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The physical position of all the markers in the genetic map. (XLSX 213Â kb)
Pairing and phase separation in a one-dimensional spin-bag liquid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the one-dimensional t-J model in a staggered magnetic field by a variational calculation based on the string picture. Our key assumption is the separation of energy scales between rapid incoherent hole motion on scale t and slow coherent motion on scale J. We discuss pair formation and phase separation in the hole liquid and find good agreement with exact diagonalization of small clusters. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Vulnerability of the Territory of São Tiago Medical Spa Area in Relation to the Preservation of its Mineral Water Quality

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The world is becoming more and more demanding in the quality of life of the common citizen. One way to achieve this quality is to enjoy health tourism. Medical Spa are an excellent equipment in this sense, because they allow practices of health treatment, or relaxation and well-being, aqualudic, focused on the use of natural mineral water, and with direct or indirect monitoring of health professionals (doctors). Thus, in Portugal, for a medical spa to function as such, it must have mineral water of stable quality. For this to be possible, it is necessary to comply with a set of procedures in the exploitation of water, and to impose restrictions on certain types of activities and due limitations on the occupation of the territory, in accordance with the implementation of the Protection Perimeter of groundwater abstraction of the medical spas. The maps of vulnerability to groundwater contamination are excellent instruments to contribute in the elaboration of the aforementioned Protection Perimeter. Thus, this paper presents the fundamental hydro-environmental elements in order to present the vulnerability map of the São Tiago medical spa territory. The General DRASTIC method is used, with a set of adaptations, called Specific DRASTIC, in order to preserve the areas most sensitive to the potential contamination of natural mineral water, and to liberate other areas that are not of potential danger to its contamination. It is also presented the map of occupation of the territory with registration of the main sources of potential pollution, making an analysis of the relationship between the results of the vulnerability map and the types of occupation. Finally, some conclusions are briefly presented.
CULTURAL MODELS OF CAPTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The behavior of captives is in large measure dependent upon their conceptions of what social roles are appropriate to the unfamiliar situations they encounter. These situations are also shaped in important ways by cultural conceptions of the captor regarding the status of his captives. The present report reviews some of the historical and traditional elements of the cultures of captor and captives that have important direct effects on these role conceptions. Some possible implications of the discussion for the training of armed forces personnel for the event of capture are indicated. The report was prepared as part of a critical review of studies of prisoners of war, concentration camp prisoners, and political prisoners. The study examined the relevance of this literature for the social sciences. The emphasis in the present report, as in the larger study, was on works dealing with the Korean war.
Unveiling the dynamics and impact of emotional presence in collaborative learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study aims to understand the dynamics and impact of emotional presence in a collaborative learning environment and its effects on the learning process and outcomes. Emotional presence, defined as the experience of emotion arising from cognitive appraisals in learner-environment interactions, encompasses four dimensions: interest-curiosity, emotional regulation, expression management, and emotional awareness. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed 33 Japanese college students engaged in collaborative learning activities and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 participants to gather qualitative insights. The study revealed that emotional presence evolves throughout the collaborative process, with increased emotional regulation in response to complex tasks, reflecting learners’ adaptations to varying task demands. It highlighted the importance of emotional regulation in shaping the learning process and improving outcomes in collaborative learning. Our findings suggest that heightened emotional presence, with increased emotional awareness and regulation, fosters cognitive development and learner well-being, supporting more effective and fulfilling collaborative learning experiences. The study also emphasizes the crucial role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional experiences, significantly influencing outcomes in technology-enhanced environments. The study concludes by proposing future research directions, such as examining the longitudinal impacts of emotional presence and exploring interventions to enhance emotional regulation skills in diverse learning contexts.
Shari’ah Foundation of Islamic Banking

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Islam prescribes a complete code of conduct for human life including economic activities. The prescribed Islamic code of conduct generally refers to Shari’ah, on which Islamic banking was founded. The most important characteristic of Islamic banking is to maintain its products and operations according to the principles of Shari’ah, which is based on the Holy Qur’an, Hadith, Ijma, Qiyas, and Ijtihad. Islamic banking has rapidly been growing in the modern economic world as an alternative to conventional banking. It is expected that Islamic banking operations will not only comply with the Shari’ah but also contribute towards achieving the Maqasid-al-Shari’ah (objectives of Shari’ah), which is the ultimate welfare of the Muslim Ummah and the human being. The findings of several studies showed that Shari’ah compliance is the single most important factor for choosing Islamic banking. Unfortunately, many recent studies revealed that many Islamic banks are violating their obligation of Shari’ah compliance. Hence, the paper aims at understanding the Shari’ah foundation of Islamic banking to examine that the modes of Islamic banking are based on the principles of Shari’ah. It also incorporates the major components of Shari’ah and its concept of economic tools such as ownership, wealth, money, capital, trust, and accountability to have a comprehensive idea about the Shari’ah foundation of Islamic banking. The methodology used in this conceptual study is a critical analysis of the literature survey. The literature on the concept of Shari’ah basis of Islamic banking is read to understand the basic components of Shari’ah and its principles to govern economic practices to examine its application in the Islamic banking industry and identify the Shari’ah foundation of the modes and contracts used by the modern Islamic banking industry.
Association between constipation and inguinal hernia: a case-control study in an adult population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Inguinal hernia is the most frequently diagnosed hernia and affects approximately one-third of the male population. Several risk factors have been identified, including advanced age, limited physical activity, smoking, and increased intra-abdominal pressure, among others. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether constipation is a risk factor for inguinal hernia in the adult population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Surgery of one hospital in the north of Peru, including 121 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of inguinal hernia as cases and 242 patients without such a diagnosis as controls. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and data were collected through individual interviews using a structured questionnaire that addressed clinical aspects, lifestyles, and the presence of constipation, assessed according to the Rome IV criteria. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the groups of patients with and without inguinal hernia in terms of age, sex, and anthropometric characteristics. In addition, statistically significant associations were found between the presence of an inguinal hernia and type 2 diabetes, smoking, and constipation. A multivariate analysis showed that age, male sex, body mass index, high blood pressure, and constipation were significant and independent factors associated with the presence of inguinal hernia. Conclusions: Constipation is a significant risk factor for inguinal hernia in the adult population. These results support the importance of considering constipation as a risk factor in the evaluation and management of patients with inguinal hernia, highlighting the relevance of adequate clinical care in this group of patients.