jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
053 Equine welfare in a competitive setting: The human role

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Equine welfare in a competitive setting is an issue critical to the horse industry. Social media shines an even brighter light on both the positive and negative aspects of animal welfare in conjunction with such activities. Although the number and scope of studies of competitive equestrian activity is limited, the general areas of concern in equestrian sport parallel those in more traditional sports. Skelly and others conducted a survey at a Michigan Horse Show Ethics Extension workshop that determined that the top 5 ethical concerns pertaining to horse shows were matters of sportsmanship, horse welfare issues, violations of rules and regulations, concerns about fair judging, and parenting issues. Animal scientists are tirelessly working in the field of animal behavior and welfare to inform the literature with respect to the impact of competitive activity on animals, with equitation science specifically focusing on equines. Fewer studies, however, have taken into account the actions and motivations of the humans who put animals into competitive environments. Waite, for example, found no relationship between the use of aggressive riding techniques and final run time in youth barrel racing, whereas Voigt used Bandura's social cognitive theory to examine human perspectives toward show horse welfare within cognitive, behavioral, and environmental contexts. By asking research questions designed to better understand the human influence in competitive equestrian activity, we may more effectively influence change where change is needed. Understanding, addressing, and resolving animal welfare issues requires a multifaceted approach including animal science–based teaching, research, and extension efforts but also using psychology, social science, education, and other disciplines. This presentation will share current research with respect to the human impact on animal well-being and competitive equestrian activity, pose additional research questions, and share strategies for addressing these complex issues.
Folding and Intrinsic Disorder of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase KIT Insert Domain Seen by Conventional Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The kinase insert domain (KID) of RTK KIT is the key recruitment region for downstream signalling proteins. KID, studied by molecular dynamics simulations as a cleaved polypeptide and as a native domain fused to KIT, showed intrinsic disorder represented by a set of heterogeneous conformations. The accurate atomistic models showed that the helical fold of KID is mainly sequence dependent. However, the reduced fold of the native KID suggests that its folding is allosterically controlled by the kinase domain. The tertiary structure of KID represents a compact array of highly variable α- and 310-helices linked by flexible loops playing a principal role in the conformational diversity. The helically folded KID retains a collapsed globule-like shape due to non-covalent interactions associated in a ternary hydrophobic core. The free energy landscapes constructed from first principles—the size, the measure of the average distance between the conformations, the amount of helices and the solvent-accessible surface area—describe the KID disorder through a collection of minima (wells), providing a direct evaluation of conformational ensembles. We found that the cleaved KID simulated with restricted N- and C-ends better reproduces the native KID than the isolated polypeptide. We suggest that a cyclic, generic KID would be best suited for future studies of KID f post-transduction effects.
A novel positive inotropic series. 2nd communication: in vivo studies of 5- and 6-pyridyl-2(1H)-quinolone derivatives.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the anaesthetized rabbits and dogs, the 6-pyridyl compounds 14, 32 and 33 (0.1-3 mg/kg) and the 5-pyridyl compounds 6 and 7 (1-10 mg/kg), administered i.v., produced dose-related increases in cardiac contractile force lasting more than 30 min. They also produced relatively minor and shorter-lasting increases in heart rate. Only the 6-pyridyl series decreased blood pressure. The effects were not blocked by propranolol. In the normal haemodynamic states, myocardial oxygen consumption did not increase. When the haemodynamic characteristics of heart failure were produced by propranolol in anaesthetized rabbits and dogs, compounds 14, 32 and 33 reversed these effects, increasing in particular cardiac output. These studies suggest that compounds of the 6-pyridyl series might be beneficial in patients with congestive heart failure.
The role of GSK-3 in DNA methylation: Relevance to bipolar disorder

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

G synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity has been shown to be a critical mediator of several signal transduction pathways, most notably Wnt and insulin signaling. Recently, we identified a novel function for GSK-3 in the regulation of DNA methylation. Using DNA methylation enrichment techniques followed by next-generation sequencing (methyl-seq), we identified thousands of genomic regions that have reduced DNA methylation when GSK-3 activity is absent or reduced. Lithium is a direct inhibitor of GSK-3 enzymes, and is also the primary therapy for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD). Little is known about how lithium treats BPD, but one of the leading hypotheses is that it is through GSK-3 inhibition. Based on this, we speculated that lithium could have its therapeutic effects via changes in DNA methylation. Toward this end, we have treated human cells with a GSK-3 inhibitor, and examined DNA methylation by performing methyl-seq. We identified and validated several loci that have also been implicated in BPD via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In addition, we have performed methyl-seq on cells from individuals with BPD compared to unaffected siblings, and analyzed DNA methylation differences with methyl-seq. The results of these studies will be presented.
Museum Batik Semarang

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sebagai kota yang terus berkembang kota Semarang mengalami rangkaian sejarah dan kekayaan budaya yang cukup berharga. Menjadi Ibukota Provinsi Jawa tengah seharusnya tidak menjadi beban yang selalu dianggap berat, melainkan merupakan tanggung jawab yang justru dapat menjadikan ambisi positif dan rasa optimis untuk ikut mengambil peranan penting di dalam melestarikan budaya jawa, oleh karena itu di Semarang perlu memiliki wadah yang dapat menampung cerminan kebudayaan Jawa, khususnya kebudayaan asli Semarang. Sebagai salah satu kota yang berada di pesisir, sebenarnya Semarang memiliki motif batik khas sendiri. Tetapi smenjak zaman kependudukan Jepang, sentra batik semarang mulai menghilang. Selain itu, museum ini juga dapat menjadi alternative tempat wisata khususnya yang mengangkat tentang budaya atau kesenian asli Semarang, sekaligus memperkenalkan batik khas Semarang.
Museum Batik Semarang tersebut mengusung konsep arsitektur neo vernakular. Mengunggulkan kemodernan namun tidak melupakan nilai – nilai budaya dan filosofi setempat karena dibangun di Kota Semarang yang merupakan bagian dari Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman budaya. Menggabungkan sisi arsitektural dan potensi sekitar, diharapkan menjadi destinasi para wisatawan baik skala nasional maupun skala internasional.
Kajian diawali dengan mempelajari pengertian tentang museum, pengertian dan standar-standar mengenai museum, serta studi banding beberapa museum batik yang telah ada. Dilakukan juga tinjauan mengenai Kota Semarang, perkembangan batik di kota tersebut, serta program-program pemerintah yang mendukungnya. Pendekatan perancangan arsitektural dilakukan dengan konsep arsitektur neo vernakular. Selain itu dilakukan pendekatan fungsional, kinerja, teknis, dan konstekstual. Pemilihan tapak dilakukan pada 2 alternatif lokasi dengan menggunakan matriks pembobotan. Sebagai kesimpulan, luaran program ruang yang diperlukan, serta gambar-gambar 2 dimensi dan 3 dimensi sebagai ilustrasi desain.
The results of the internship of a postgraduate student from Uzbekistan on the basis of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov in the framework of interuniversity cooperation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article is devoted to the results of the internship of a postgraduate student of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute at the I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University within the framework of the inter-university cooperation program dedicated to the development of research in the field of infectious diseases and the exchange of experience in the field of medical care for a new coronavirus infection. The purpose of the internship of a postgraduate student of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Phthisiology and Pulmonology Sh.A. Khasanova was studying the specifics of providing care to patients with a new coronavirus infection in St. Petersburg. The program included a visit to the departments of Infectious Diseases, family Medicine, epidemiology, and disinfection, as well as a presentation at the All-Russian Conference with international participation Science and Practice. Why does a family doctor need clinical recommendations?, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the scientific and practical journal Russian Family Doctor. The report highlighted the Uzbek experience of implementing measures to combat the new coronavirus infection and demonstrated their effectiveness. As part of the internship, the graduate student got acquainted with the peculiarities of providing inpatient and outpatient care to patients with COVID-19, including in-depth medical examination and the operation of the system of statistical registration of patients with a new coronavirus infection in the federal register, as well as the organization of epidemiological control in different periods of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. The main result of the internship was the creation of a basis for effective and long-term cooperation between Russian and Uzbek universities in the field of scientific research and training of personnel for national health systems in the field of infectious diseases.
Surgical Accuracy of Positioning the Maxilla in Patients With Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing-Assisted Orthognathic Surgery

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the surgical accuracy of positioning the maxilla in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM)-assisted orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 10 patients with skeletal class II malocclusion, whose cone-beam computed tomographys taken before and immediately after surgery were available and who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by a single surgeon using Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea between January 2018 and December 2019. After virtual surgical planning was performed using the FACEGIDE system (Korea), surgical cutting guides, intermediate splints, and custom-made titanium mini-plates were fabricated using CAD/CAM technique. Using 8 landmarks (anterior nasal spine, point A, #16, #13, contact point between #11 and #21, #23, #26, posterior nasal spine), the mean differences between the virtually planned (Virtual) and actual postsurgical position of the maxilla (Actual) in the three-dimensional coordinates (ΔActual-Virtual) and their mean absolute deviations were investigated. Results: The mean differences of 8 landmarks were 0.42 mm left side movement in the transverse coordinate, 0.15 mm forward movement in the sagittal coordinate and 0.10 mm downward movement in the vertical coordinate. Their mean absolute deviations were 0.98, 0.67, and 0.62 mm in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse coordinates, respectively. Conclusions: Since the mean difference was less than 0.5 mm and the range of error was less than 1.0 mm, CAD/CAM-assisted orthognathic surgery might have a high degree of surgical accuracy and clinical relevance in the positioning of the maxilla.
[Multicenter clinical study on the diagnosis and treatment of childhood renal tumor].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To summarize the effect of Chinese Children's Cancer Group (CCCG) Wilms tumor (WT)-2015 protocol. Methods: This was a prospective study. CCCG-WT-2015 protocol was revised on the basis of the CCCG-WT-2009 protocol. Clinical data of 288 children diagnosed with newly diagnosed kidney neoplasms in fourteen pediatric centers between September 2015 to December 2018 were summarized. The age of onset, distribution of pathological subtypes, staging, curative effect and prognostic factors of these children were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival curve and Log-Rank method was used for univariate analysis. Results: Among 288 cases with kidney neoplasms, there were 261 cases of WT, including 254 cases (97.3%) with favorable histology (FH) WT and 7 cases (2.7%) with unfavorable histology WT (UFHWT). The 3 year events free survival (EFS) rate for FHWT and UFHWT were (88.9±2.1)% and (80.0±17.9)%, which were better than that in WT-2009 (81.2% and 71.7%). In the 96 cases of stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ FHWT with indications for radiotherapy, 76 cases received radiation, another 20 cases received M protocol chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, gentamycin, vincristine and adriamycin) instead of radiation. The 3 year EFS rate for these two groups were (84.7±4.3)% and (84.7±8.1)%(χ2=0.015, P=0.902). There were 22 renal clear cell sarcoma and 5 malignant rhabdoid tumor, 3 year EFS rate of them was (94.4±5.4)% and (20.0±17.9)%. Univariate analysis was performed for age, gender, pathological type, stage, whether rupture occurred during operation, whether complete remission (CR) occurred at the end of treatment and radiotherapy. Pathological types (χ2=44.329,P<0.01) and failure to achieve CR at the end of the treatment (χ2=49.459,P<0.01) were independent factor for predicting survival. Conclusion: Compared with CCCG-WT-2009, treatment of renal tumors in CCCG-WT-2015 study yielded good survival outcome, which can be further applied.
Nutrient and metal concentrations in Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl. (Nepenthaceae) from a Malaysian montane forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Palaeotropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes) are a fascinating evolutionary case but their nutrient relationships are poorly known. To determine nutrient and metal concentrations in Nepenthes macfarlanei from Peninsular Malaysia, and contribute to our understanding of nutrient relationships in this genus, plants were sampled from the Genting Highlands – a disturbed montane forest location. Whilst many foliar nutrients showed typical concentrations, the foliar N concentration was, surprisingly, greater than most lowland species although the N:P ratio (c. 24) indicated nitrogen limitation in line with other studies on Nepenthes. Of particular note was the variable but high (< 240 µg g-1) lead concentrations that have not been reported in carnivorous plants before. This data adds to our understanding of the nutrient relationships of carnivorous plants and shows that they may accumulate high concentrations of certain metals.
Wound healing in pinealectomized rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wound healing is a complex repairing process. Melatonin which is secreted in darkness at night is a molecule that has both antioxidant and systemic effects. In our study, by making pinealectomy, we aimed to investigate how chronically impaired basal secretion of melatonin affected wound healing process. In this study 14 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. These rats were separated into two groups, and pinealectomy was performed to one of these groups. Six excisional skin wounds were opened on dorsal part of all rats under anesthesia 15 days after pinealectomy. Wound tissues were excised under anesthesia after the measurement of wound area eight days later. Measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and hydroxyproline (OH-proline) were made in these tissues. Excision of the pineal body caused increase in MDA levels in the wound tissues (p
Why do children differ in mathematical competencies? The experience of a standardized test in the primary school of Canton Ticino, Switzerland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Standardized tests are, as it is well known, a highly controversial and widely debated topic. On the one side they are considered a relatively objective tool for measuring student achievement that consumes little class time and produces useful information on which teachers, school administrators and policy makers can rely in order to assess and improve their classes or schools (Crescentini and Zanolla, 2013). On the other side, according to some authors, they only reveal students’ knowledge during the very short timeframe in which the tests are administered (Boaler, 2003), the results are influenced by factors such as anxiety or time pressure (Buck, Ritter, Jenson & Rose, 2010) and reflect the inequities that already exist within schools and end up advantaging the students from higher socioeconomic statuses (Vigdor and Clotfelter 2003; Alon, 2010). Despite all the criticism, a recent project aimed at producing and administering a standardized test to evaluate mathematical competencies in the fourth class of primary school in Ticino, an Italian-speaking region of Switzerland, has brought some interesting findings about the pupils’ weaknesses and strengths and the overall school system. The paper is aimed at presenting this test, which has involved almost 3,000 pupils, and at examining the main determinants of the results obtained by the pupils. The analysis of the impact of environmental, school, class, teacher, individual and household factors reveals that children’s scores differ considerably in relation to the district where the school is located (in Ticino there are 9 districts, each of which is a geographical area with its own inspector who is responsible for the quality of teaching), the family socioeconomic status, the nationality and the age of the pupil and the Math’s grade given by the teacher. While factors such as the school’s size, the urban/rural location of the community, the attendance of a multi-class, the teacher’s and the pupil’s gender exert a significant effect only on a part of the competencies that have been considered, class size, seems to be overall irrelevant.
Experimental Aflatoxicosis in Young Japanese Quail ,

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Japanese quail from the university colony fed graded levels of dietary aflatoxin (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 micrograms/g) from hatching to 4 weeks of age were comparatively resistant to aflatoxin as growth inhibition occurred at a dose of 5.0 micrograms/g or more as about 50% mortality occurred at a dose of 20 micrograms/g. The acute oral LD50 was 19.5 +/- 4.8 mg/kg. These values are up to ten times those reported in the literature for other quail. The most sensitive indicators of aflatoxicosis were depressed serum proteins and serum carotenoids and enlarged liver and pancreas, all of which occurred at 1.25 micrograms/g, the smallest dose administered. Unlike chickens, the serum lipids, liver lipids, hemoglobin, serum uric acid, and spleen size of quail were not affected significantly (P less than .05). The sizes of the proventriculus and gizzard were increased by doses of 5.0 micrograms/g or higher, whereas the bursa of Fabricius was regressed by the same dose.
Evaluation of transcatheter closure of children ventricular septal defects using the domestic-made two-disk-like VSD occluder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To evaluate the treatment efficiency of transcatheter closure of children ventricular septal defect(VSD) using the domestic-made two-disk-like VSD occluder device. METHODS: 446 patients with VSD(mucular 3 and membranous 443 ) underwent attempted transcatheter closure of a VSD using the domestic-made two-disk-like VSD occluder device at a median age of 7±8(2~12)years . The mean VSD diameter at its left ventricular side was 6.8±3.9(2.0~12.0)mm. A 6F~10F long sheath was used for delivery of the device. The left ventricular graphies(LVG) and transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) were performed to evaluate the immediate results immediately after the procedure. TTE and ECG were performed 1 d、1 month、6 months and 1 year after the procedure to evaluate the efficiency. RESULTS: The technical success rate of the group was 100%. LVG showed that 365(81.8%)patients had complete immediate closure, 81(18.2%)had a trace to small shunt immediately after the procedures. Within 24~48 h, color doppler revealed complete closure in 410(91.9%) patients and a trace to small shunt in 36 patients (8.1%). 8 cases suffered with temporary Ⅲ°atrial ventricular block and returned to normal 4~10 days after medicines treatment. One patient developed hemolysis 24h after the procedure and recovered 7 days after medicines treatment. Doppler revealed that a trace to small shunt in 2 patients 1 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter occlusion of children VSD using domestic-made two-disk-like VSD occluder is safe and effective. It had a high successful rate of technique and satisfied immediate and short term results.Further clinical trials are underway to assess the long-term safety and results.
ICT enriched learning environments at the University of Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Information and Communication Technologies have predominantly entered the realm of universities to support administrations and teachers in their everyday professional activities, but did not necessarily contribute to fundamental paradigmatic changes. For instance, many lecturers, instead of handing out printed course material, put their lecture notes on a website. But such online course material is still course material produced by a teacher. This does not necessarily imply a shift in pedagogical approach. However, if ICT is to be a tool for students to become active and productive learners, a groundbreaking pedagogical change in favor of a more learner-centered approach becomes crucial. In the current paper we will show how the ambition to change teaching practices (from knowledge transmission/acquisition to collaborative knowledge construction) progressively led to ICT enriched learning environments at the University of Luxembourg. We will provide a thorough description of the educational technology tools currently implemented across the university. Furthermore, we will show how they are used by students and teachers of a specific bachelor program to become members of a learning community. Finally, an overview of current issues as well as future developments will be given.