jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SCREENING FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES IN SOME MARINE ALGAE FROM THE FUJIAN COAST OF CHINA WITH THREE DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Three different solvents viz ethanol, acetone and methanol-toluene (3:1) were used to extract antibiotics from 23 species of marine algae belonging to the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Their crude extracts were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among them, the ethanol extract showed the strongest activity against the bacteria and fungi tested. Four species of the Rhodophyta (Laurencia okamurai, Dasya scoparia, Grateloupia filicina and plocamium telfairiae ) showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. Every solvent extract from the four species was active against all the bacteria tested. The test bacterium Pseudomonas solancearum and the fungus Penicilium citrinum were most sensitive to the extracts of marine algae. In general, the extracts of seaweeds inhibited bacteria more strongly than fungi and species of the Rhodophyta showed the greatest activity against the bacteria and fungi tested.
Lights and Shadows in Hepatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a form of brain dysfunction that is caused by liver insufficiency and/or portal-systemic shunting. The exact nature of HE is debated; as such, conflicting uses of the term “HE” may cause inconsistencies in its detection and management. This review highlights the meaning of the term “HE” on the basis of its historical origins and current consensus. It also provides criteria for the diagnosis of the condition based on its phenotypes and risk factors for its occurrence. The procedure for differential diagnosis from other conditions which result in similar phenotypes is considered, together with precipitants and confounders. Finally, the current multidimensional approach for the correct clinical reporting of HE episodes is discussed.
Advances In The Shaping Of Lightwaight Large Mirror Blanks Of Zerodur(R)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

For many years Schott has been supplying the Zerodur glass ceramic, a very low expansion material, for a variety of applications, in particular, mirror substrates. With the requirements shifting towards larger diameters, a decrease in the weight of the mirror substrate becomes increasingly important. This goal can be achieved by applying a supporting rib structure to a thin face sheet thus providing the structural rigidity or by actually actively supporting a thin meniscus shaped blank. Considerable progress has been made in the forming of Zerodur, in particular, by applying the fusion, slumping and spincasting techniques. Several samples have been fused with diameters up to .5 m and aerial densities around 60 kg/m2. The slumping technique has been demonstrated for diameters up to 1 m with a thickness range between 4 and 100 mm. The spincasting technique has been successfully developed and demonstrated by the manufacture of several mirror blanks up to a diameter of 4.1 m at thicknesses of down to 57 mm. The production of spincast Zerodur mirror substrates is now deemed feasible for diameters larger than 8 m. The parameters for the selection between the slumping and spincasting processes are geometry, flexibility and economy.
Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia after Insulin Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HYPOGLYCAEMLA IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS rDIsHNAThe clinical response to hypoglycaemia was compared with subsequent A.C.T.H. treatment and was found to correlate closely.The possible mechanism and practical value of hypo- glycaemic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis are discussed.We would like to express our appreciation of the help given by the nursing and laboratory staff of the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, and of the grant made by the Empire Rheumatism Council towards laboratory expenses.
Survivors of Prehospitalization Sudden Death

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac catheterization and angiography were performed in 57 survivors of prehospitalization sudden cardiac death (PSD). Fifty-two had coronary artery disease. In most, the disease was severe, with almost universal involvement of the anterior descending artery. Associated left ventricular dysfunction was common. Although the majority of survivors had severe coronary artery disease, only 16 had an acute myocardial infarction associated with the PSD event and the extent of their coronary artery disease generally was less severe than those who died suddenly of an arrhythmia and no myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular symptoms of long duration prior to sudden death were not uncommon, although sudden death was the initial cardiac symptom in some. Others had crescendo angina as the initial symptom, and a few had a clinical history compatible with Prinzmetal's angina. Although severe coronary artery disease was the most common underlying abnormality, PSD may be an expression of multiple causes.
Dynamics ofVibrioPopulations and Their Role in Environmental Nutrient Cycling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Molecular surveys of bacterioplankton communities in coastal regions and open oceans have yielded similar 16S rRNA sequences, although coastal sites can differ significantly from the open ocean with respect to primary production rates and terrestrial influence. While obligate "ultramicrobacteria" have been described from oligotrophic open ocean environments and hypothesized to substantially contribute to environmental nutrient cycling, the extent to which facultative "ultra-micro" Vibrio cells contribute to microbial diversity and nutrient cycling in oligotrophic environments has not been addressed; this may reflect the limitation of DNA-based studies that are based on a collection of planktonic biomass on a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter. Association with larger host organisms may mediate the environmental dynamics of symbiotic or commensal Vibrio populations. Chitinase activity may reflect one of the most important extracellular enzymatic processes in the marine environment. A facultatively anaerobic bacterium originally described as a denitrifying Vibrio was recently classified as an alphaproteobacterium based upon DNA sequence data. Comparative genomic approaches between nonpathogens and pathogenic strains can help explain the unifying themes underlying bacterial-host interactions and mechanisms by which pathogenic interactions may emerge. Environmental genomic approaches to explore the metabolic diversity associated with phylogenetic clades can shed light on how widespread certain features, such as N2 fixation, bioluminescence, and cell signaling, are among the Vibrionaceae and whether vibrios are capable of as-yet- undiscovered metabolic transformations (e.g., denitrification, phototrophy, chemoautotropy). The dynamics and distribution of bacterioplanktonic Vibrio populations are determined by adaptations to environmental gradients, including temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration.
The Straight Baselines under the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: Iran’s Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2018, the Presidents of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan signed the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea (the Aktau Convention). Despite this, some specific issues related to the straight baseline, remain unresolved. The result is that Iran has yet to ratify the Convention subject to negotiations concerning a separate agreement in the future. Since 2018, the signatories to the Aktau Convention have not reached an agreement in the course of negotiations on a separate agreement. The main question raised in the article is why Iran ha s not ratified the Aktau Convention yet. The paper shows that the authorization of the convention under Para. 4 Art. 1, the specific shape of Iran’s coastline, and the lack of agreement in the negotiations related to the special agreement prevented Iran from ratifying the Convention. The paper finally concludes that the border delimitation considered by Iran differs from the border delimitation agreed on by the four other states, namely Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, and it is only when the straight baseline is established with respect to Iran’s will and model that Iran will complete the ratification process.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of the large deformation bending and folding behavior of magneto-active elastomer composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work seeks to provide a framework for the numerical simulation of magneto-active elastomer (MAE) composite structures for use in origami engineering applications. The emerging field of origami engineering employs folding techniques, an array of crease patterns traditionally on a single flat sheet of paper, to produce structures and devices that perform useful engineering operations. Effective means of numerical simulation offer an efficient way to optimize the crease patterns while coupling to the performance and behavior of the active material. The MAE materials used herein are comprised of nominally 30% v/v, 325 mesh barium hexafarrite particles embedded in Dow HS II silicone elastomer compound. These particulate composites are cured in a magnetic field to produce magneto-elastic solids with anisotropic magnetization, e.g. they have a preferred magnetic axis parallel to the curing axis. The deformed shape and/or blocked force characteristics of these MAEs are examined in three geometries: a monolithic cantilever as well as two- and four-segment composite accordion structures. In the accordion structures, patches of MAE material are bonded to a Gelest OE41 unfilled silicone elastomer substrate. Two methods of simulation, one using the Maxwell stress tensor applied as a traction boundary condition and another employing a minimum energy kinematic (MEK) model, are investigated. Both methods capture actuation due to magnetic torque mechanisms that dominate MAE behavior. Comparison with experimental data show good agreement with only a single adjustable parameter, either an effective constant magnetization of the MAE material in the finite element models (at small and moderate deformations) or an effective modulus in the minimum energy model. The four-segment finite element model was prone to numerical locking at large deformation. The effective magnetization and modulus values required are a fraction of the actual experimentally measured values which suggests a reduction in the amount of magnetic torque transferred from the particles to the matrix.
[Pulmonary toxicity of antineoplastic agents--with special reference to current findings on pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pulmonary toxicity due to antitumor agents, chiefly bleomycin pulmonary toxicity including clinical feature, histopathology, pathophysiology, biochemical changes, common clinical settings (risk factors), and prevention was reviewed. Moreover, pulmonary toxicity from methotrexate, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, 6-mercaptopurine, nitrosourea and procarbazine was reviewed.
Effects of Listening Comprehension Training on Listening and Reading

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this study the effects of providing text strategy instruction in a listening mode on listening and reading comprehension of experimental and control groups of 9- to 11-year-old poor readers were examined. All students were very poor in decoding and poor in reading comprehension. In addition, half of the group were also poor listeners, whereas the other half consisted of students with normal listening test scores. The experimental program employed auditorily presented texts, and the students were trained in the strategies of clarifying, summarizing, predicting, and questioning. The program's teaching format consisted of a combination of reciprocal teaching and direct instruction. Measurements occurred according to a pretest-posttest-retention test design. The results indicated significant program effects on strategic listening and strategic reading posttests, and the results were maintained on retention tests that were administered 3 months after termination of the program. However, transfer in terms of an improved performance on more general and standardized listening and reading comprehension tests was not demonstrated.
Timely Detection and Mitigation of Stealthy DDoS Attacks via IoT Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet of Things (IoT) networks consist of sensors, actuators, mobile and wearable devices that can connect to the Internet. With billions of such devices already in the market which have significant vulnerabilities, there is a dangerous threat to the Internet services and also some cyber-physical systems that are also connected to the Internet. Specifically, due to their existing vulnerabilities IoT devices are susceptible to being compromised and being part of a new type of stealthy Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, called Mongolian DDoS, which is characterized by its widely distributed nature and small attack size from each source. This study proposes a novel anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that is capable of timely detecting and mitigating this emerging type of DDoS attacks. The proposed IDS's capability of detecting and mitigating stealthy DDoS attacks with even very low attack size per source is demonstrated through numerical and testbed experiments.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Non-Cardiovascular Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To identify the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in non-cardiovascular surgery. Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent non-cardiovascular surgeries such as general, orthopedics, gynecology, neurosurgery, ENT, plastic, and endoscopy, between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI within seven days after surgery, as defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The secondary outcomes were risk factors and the outcome of AKI. Results: From 2,898 cases, the incidence of postoperative AKI was 2% (57 cases). Twenty-two out of 57 cases (38.6%) had diagnosis of acute renal failure in the discharge summary. Independent risk factors of postoperative AKI by multivariate logistic regression analysis were the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of 3 or greater, emergency surgery, atrial fibrillation, preoperative use of a mechanical ventilator, eGFR of less than 60 mL/minute/1.73 m², hypoalbuminemia, intraoperative urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour, vasopressor infusion, and intraoperative blood transfusion. Patients with postoperative AKI had higher mortality rates and postoperative complications included pneumonia, surgical site infection, sepsis, respiratory failure, and severe arrhythmia. Conclusion: Postoperative renal function should be monitored in patients with risk factors associated with postoperative AKI to improve patient outcomes.
The Bryant-Salamon G2 manifolds and hypersurface geometry,Preprint

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We show that two of Bryant-Salamon’s G2-manifolds have a simple topology, S 7 \\ S 3 or S 7 \\ CP 2. In this connection, we show there exists a complete Ricci-flat (non-flat) metric on S n \\ S m for some n − 1&gt; m. We also give many examples of special Lagrangian submanifolds of T ∗ S n with the Stenzel metric. The hypersurface geometry is essential in the argument. 1.
Analisis Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan Tunai pada PT Hadji Kalla Toyota Cabang Kolaka

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the accounting information system for cash sales at PT Hadji Kalla Toyota Kolaka Branch. The main focus of the research is on how the cash sales system for spare parts and units is implemented within the workflow involving various internal departments such as the branch head, FAH, workshop head, cashier, part admin/counter, salesman/salesgirl, story department, and treasury. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis from secondary sources. The results show that the cash sales system operates effectively and is well-integrated through the Dealer Management System (DMS), providing benefits in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of transaction processes. Additionally, the accounting information system applied by the company is based on Oracle Financials, a comprehensive accounting software that supports the financial management needs of the company optimally. There are no significant obstacles in the use of Oracle, allowing PT Hadji Kalla Toyota to maintain its operational continuity amidst intense industry competition.
Grain Boundary Wetting in Metals: 'Self Indentation-Internal Solution' Mechanism

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Under the thermodynamic condition of grain boundary wetting (GBW), the imbalance between GB and solid -liquid interphase surface tensions γ GB and γ SL creates a linear force applying at the root of the GB groove and pointing into the solid. The indentation action of this force is suggested to cause stress- driven self diffusion (diffusional creep) into the GB slab. This process drains the groove and leads to the deposition of the solid atoms along the GB (internal solution ). Assuming that the GB acts as a perfect sink, this self indentation -internal solution (SIIS) mechanism can account for the non-Mullins morphology and linear kinetics of GBW, the origin of the singular stress field at the wetting front, the expansion of the solid under GBW, the role of external stress, and the GBW transitions with temperature. The mechanism is considered in more detail in [1 ] where a summary of GBW observations in metals is also given.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Incidental testicular lesions found during infertility evaluation are usually benign and may be managed conservatively.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Hypoechoic lesions on scrotal ultrasonography are often considered germ cell tumors and radical orchiectomy is recommended. We retrospectively reviewed the findings at 1 center in men with ultrasonographically detected testicular lesions found during evaluation of severe male infertility.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 145 men with nonobstructive azoospermia at 1 center underwent ultrasonographic analysis before diagnostic or therapeutic testicular biopsy. Mean age was 34 +/- 0.6 years (range 21 to 63). All men were azoospermic. Mean serum follicle-stimulating hormone was 25 IU/l. Of the men 26% had a history of cryptorchidism and 3 patients had a history of testis tumor. No other risk factors for testis cancer were identified for any patient. All sonographic lesions were followed with serial ultrasound examinations or were biopsied/excised. All men had tumor markers tested and the results were negative.RESULTS: Of 145 men referred for azoospermia who underwent ultrasonographic analysis before biopsy 49 (34%) showed a focal sonographic abnormality. A hypoechoic lesion was seen in 20 patients (14%), a hyperechoic lesion was seen in 10 (7%) and a heterogeneous appearance to a region of testicular parenchyma was seen in 19 patients (13%). Some lesions classified as hypoechoic demonstrated hyperechoic or heterogeneous interior components. Two of the patients with hypoechoic lesions were lost to followup. Of the remaining 18 patients 11 had lesions less than 5 mm in greatest diameter and all of these were confirmed to be benign. Only 1 patient had a seminoma, and that patient had an inguinal testis with a mass detected on routine ultrasound. All other patients with hyperechoic or heterogeneous areas on ultrasound with subsequent tissue diagnoses were found to have benign lesions.CONCLUSIONS: Men with severe infertility who are found to have incidental testicular lesions and negative tumor markers, especially lesions less than 5 mm, may be initially observed with serial scrotal ultrasound examinations. Enlarging lesions or those of greater dimension should be considered for histological examination. PMID: 18499177
Spatiotemporal variations of baseflow generation in the United States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The traditional paradigm of baseflow generation assumes a uniform water table contributes baseflow evenly across a watershed. This thesis considers an alternate paradigm in which baseflow originates from a mix of localized sources that drain at different rates. Four forested headwater catchments across the United States were examined for spatial variability in baseflow sources by analyzing fractional baseflow contribution from each subcatchment relative to the catchment outlet. This revealed that subcatchment flow contributions changed dynamically through time, supporting the idea of different drainage rates in different places. A parallel linear reservoir model, which is predicated on heterogeneity in flow sources and not groundwater hydraulics, was used to simulate results consistent with observations in some of the study catchments. These results support the idea that in some locations baseflow recession may be better explained by landscape spatial heterogeneity than by aquifer hydraulics.
DEATH CAUSES AND THEIR PREDICTION IN PATIENTS WITH THE ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND PRE-HOSPITAL THROMBOLYSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. To assess effectiveness and safety of pre-hospital medical treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST segment elevation (ST-ACS) who are undergoing thrombolytic therapy (TLT); to identify TLT complications and the methods for their prediction. Material and methods. In total, the pre-hospital TLT effectiveness was assessed in 237 patients. The comparison group included 274 patients who did not undergo TLT, due to various reasons. The causes of death by Day 7–10 were analysed. Results. The leading cause of death was cardiogenic shock. In addition, in the main group, indirect myocardial rupture was a cause of death more often than in the comparison group (28% vs. 5,3%). Indirect myocardial rupture was associated with haemorrhagic complications of pre-hospital TLT. The proposed method for predicting TLT complications is based on the TIMI scale: 1–4 points suggest TLT safety; 4–5 points correspond to a higher risk of external myocardial rupture (11,6%), which implies the need to perform TLT under control of blood coagulation parameters; and ≥6 points denote the need to avoid pre-hospital TLT and use a mechanic reperfusion strategy. Conclusion. Among ST-ACS patients, mortality levels were 20,9%, which was 2,4 times higher than in the comparison group. In the main group, the morphological data obtained at autopsy demonstrated hemorrhagic myocardial transformation, which was associated with the high risk of indirect myocardial rupture (28,1%). In patients with pre-existing arterial hypertension and with the time from the ST-ACS onset of 2–3 hours, the risk of indirect myocardial rupture should be predicted, based on the TIMI scale. This will facilitate more effective assessment of the systemic TLT complication risk and selection of the optimal reperfusion strategy.