jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
High Extinction Ratio Polarization Beam Splitter Design by Low-Symmetric Photonic Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A novel concept of polarization beam splitting with high polarization extinction ratio is proposed based on the polarization sensitive self-collimation feature of symmetry reduced photonic crystals. The idea utilizes self-collimation mechanism and rotated isofrequency contours arising due to the deliberately implemented symmetry reduction in the photonic structure. Square lattice of low-symmetric rectangular air holes in dielectric background are numerically analyzed in both frequency and time domains. The operating bandwidth of the device is Δ λ = 53 nm. At λ = 1.55 μm, polarization extinction ratios are ~23 and ~18 dB for transverse electric and transverse magnetic ports, respectively. The investigated device is 46.4 μm × 12.4 μm in size and based on a uniform, planar, and homogenous structure. Therefore, there is no need for an additional splitting assistance to separate the two orthogonal polarizations. Possible fabrication imperfections are also analyzed and it is observed that polarization extinction ratios stay above 17 dB when error percentage is around 5.5%. With having these advantages, symmetry reduced photonic crystal-based polarization beam splitters can be a good candidate for optical communication applications.
APPALACHIANS’ INTENTIONS TO USE ONLINE AND IN-PERSON COUNSELING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Appalachians face higher rates of mental health concerns, yet they are less likely to have access to quality treatment. Online counseling, counseling using videoconferencing technology, may provide a viable solution to narrow this gap. However, little is known about Appalachians’ intention to use in-person or online counseling. This study examined Appalachians’ (N = 490) intentions to use online and in-person counseling using the theoretical framework of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991). Results from structural equation modeling supported the indirect model for online and in-person counseling, where the associations between distal help-seeking factors (i.e., self-stigma, perceived stigma of close others, distrust of providers, self-reliance, income, and Internet speed) and intention to seek counseling were mediated by the core TPB factors (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control). Additionally, the majority of participants reported preferring in-person counseling, yet over 40% of individuals preferred some type of online treatment (videoconferencing counseling, therapist guided Internet-based treatment, or unguided Internet-based self-help treatment). Thus, online treatments may have the potential to reach individuals who otherwise would not seek traditional in-person treatment.
EFFECT OF USING MAGNETIC WATER ON PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF DROMEDARY CAMEL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Experimental work of the present study was carried out in camel farm in North Coast in Matrouh, Egypt. There was an improvement in water quality when exposed to the magnetic field with considerable change in the pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, evaporating temperature, minerals and organic matter. Magnetic process of water such drinking tap water by exposed to magnetic field. Thirty growing camels were randomly distributed into three similar groups of male and females (10 each) treatments of feeding trial included tap water without or with magnetic exposure (control,1200, and 3600 Gauss) for C,T1, T2, treatments, respectively. Result showed that magnetic treatments induced greater effect on magnetic treated water. camels were consumed fed low-level magnetic water had higher insignificantly final body weight and weight gain at (12 weeks) than those in control (T1) and the higher level in magnetic water (T3). Feed intake as DM was higher in (T3).feed conversion was improved for camel drank magnetic water than treatments (T1) and significantly. Result showed that magnetic water treatments did not affect on concentration of blood metabolites which were similar in all groups, while concentration of glucose increased significantly due to both tested treatments. Count of red blood cells and white blood cells were nearly similar in all treatments. it could be concluded that magnetizing tap water by two levels (1200 and 3600 Gauss) led to an improvement respecting growth performance of dromedary camel.
Bilateral striatal necrosis, dystonia and optic atrophy in two siblings.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Two siblings developed a neurological disorder in the first decade characterised by generalised dystonia, hypokinesia, and subacute visual loss. CT and serial MRI examinations showed bilateral lesions of the striatum, mainly in the putamen. The classification of these patients is discussed in relation to infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN), Leigh's disease, and Leber's optic neuropathy. The literature shows a clinical and aetiopathogenetic overlap between these syndromes. In our cases parental consanguinity and the involvement of a single generation suggest a new clinical condition with autosomal recessive transmission.
Fetal Growth Trajectories Among Small for Gestational Age Babies and Child Neurodevelopment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Being born small for gestational age (SGA, <10th percentile) is a risk factor for worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, this group is a heterogeneous mix of healthy and growth-restricted babies, and not all will experience poor outcomes. We sought to determine whether fetal growth trajectories can distinguish who will have the worst neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood among babies born SGA. Methods: The present analysis was conducted in Generation R, a population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (N = 5,487). Using group-based trajectory modeling, we identified fetal growth trajectories for weight among babies born SGA. These were based on standard deviation scores of ultrasound measures from mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy in combination with birth weight. We compared child nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms at age 6 between SGA babies within each growth trajectory to babies born non-SGA. Results: Among SGA individuals (n = 656), we identified three distinct fetal growth trajectories for weight. Children who were consistently small from mid-pregnancy (n = 64) had the lowest IQ (7 points lower compared to non-SGA babies, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −11.0, −3.5) and slightly more ADHD symptoms. Children from the trajectory that started larger but were smaller at birth showed no differences in outcomes compared to children born non-SGA. Conclusions: Among SGA children, those who were smaller beginning in mid-pregnancy exhibited the worst neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 6. Fetal growth trajectories may help identify SGA babies who go on to have poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Prototype Analyses of the Concepts of Loneliness: A Case Study of Early Adulthood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 사회적 고독과 가족 고독에 대한 원형을 탐색하였다. 먼저 사회적 고독과 가족 고독이 원형적 개념인가를 확인하였다. 사회적 고독과 가족 고독이 원형적 개념이라면 각 개념에 대하여 다양한 특성이 기술되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 연구1에서 대학생 144명을 대상으로 사회적 고독과 가족 고독의 특성을 도출하였다. 다음으로 원형성의 차이를 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 연구2에서는 사회적 고독 특성 54개와 가족 고독 특성 62개에 대하여 대학생 293명이평정을 하였다. 평정 점수를 이용하여 사회적 고독과 가족 고독의 특성들에 대한 원형성의 차이를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 전형성효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 연구3에서는 전형적인 특성과 비전형적인 특성에 대한 반응시간을 측정하였고, 그 결과 사회적 고독의 가장 원형적인 특성으로 소외감, 혼자, 고립감을, 가장 원형에서 멀어지는 특성으로 개인주의, 독립적, 따돌림을 확인하였다. 가족 고독의 가장 원형적인 특성으로 상처 많은, 애정결핍, 가정불화를, 가장 원형에서 멀어지는 특성으로 혼자, 미움, 두려움을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 연구의 의의와 한계를 논의하였다.
Joint Equalization of RSOP and PMD Impairments Based on Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter for PDM-16QAM System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a polarization demultiplexing scheme based on Square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) is proposed, which can compensate polarization mode dispersion in the frequency domain and track the rotation of state of polarization (RSOP) in the time domain. The performance of the SCKF scheme has verified by 28 GBaud PDM-16QAM system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can handle ultra-fast RSOP up to 55 Mrad/s, and still has a compensation capability of about 90 ps for different group delay (DGD) under the extreme RSOP variation of 15 Mrad/s. It achieves a higher performance than the conventional Extended Kalman filter (EKF) and has a higher OSNR tolerance of about 1dB. The time complexity of SCKF is O(NlogN).
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Interprofessional Education and Practice Guide No. 1; Developing faculty to effectively facilitate interprofessional education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the growth of interprofessional education (IPE) and practice in health professional schools, faculty members are being asked to assume new roles in leading or delivering interprofessional curriculum. Many existing faculty members feel ill-prepared to face the challenges of this curricular innovation. From 2012–2013, University of Missouri – Columbia and University of Washington partnered with six additional academic health centers to pilot a faculty development course to prepare faculty leaders for IPE. Using a variety of techniques, including didactic teaching, small group exercises, immersion participation in interprofessional education, local implementation of new IPE projects, and peer learning, the program positioned each site to successfully introduce an interprofessional innovation. Participating faculty confirmed the value of the program, and suggested that more widespread similar efforts were worthwhile. This guide briefly describes this faculty development program and identifies key lessons learned from the initiative. Peer learning arising from a faculty development community, adaptation of curricula to fit local context, experiential learning, and ongoing coaching/ mentoring, especially as it related to actual participation in IPE activities, were among the key elements of this successful faculty development activity. Keywords Faculty development, interprofessional collaboration, interprofessional education, team-based care
The relation of weight of haematopoietic marrow to body weight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adequate evaluation of the effects of external radiation fields on the haematopoietic system often requires knowledge of the number of grams of active marrow which received specific radiation doses rather than the average dose to the entire active marrow. There are several published reports of the amount of active marrow in different bones expressed as fractions of the total active marrow in the body, but none in which the actual number of grams can be computed for the individual patient. In the present study the number of grams of active marrow in the individual bones of the head and torso of adults has been computed and expressed as percent of body weight. Differences between males and females are not significant. For the major bones of caucasians the standard deviations are less than 25%. Very limited data indicate that there may be a similar range for Japanese adults. Similar computations for children have not been attempted here because of the uncertainties in the necessary data on body proportions.
Liver Collagen-Type Characterization in Human Schistosomiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver biopsies of four patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, two patients with schistosomiasis and chronic active hepatitis, two patients with chronic active hepatitis and four control patients with no clinical evidence of either disease, were examined by standard light microscopic techniques, electron microscopy and immunocytochemical staining for collagen type I, III and B. Pure schistosomiasis showed the classical "clay-pipe stem fibrosis" and granulomata composed of eosinophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. In that group, the hepatocellular damage was less conspicuous than in the groups with chronic hepatitis and was usually confined to the granulomatous or fibrotic areas. Destruction of the normal architecture and infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes with severe damage of hepatocytes was found only in the cases of chronic active hepatitis, with or without associated schistosomiasis. Increased collagen deposits were demonstrated in all three groups. Types I, III and B were found in the enlarged portal triads and fibrotic septa. The intranodular or intralobular collagen stained negatively for type I and strongly positive for types III and B.
Nursing Activity of the Congregation of the Sisters Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception in Eastern Lesser Poland in the Interwar Period

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Servant Sisters of St. Mary of the Cross, like many other religious congregations, tried to create the best possible conditions for the comprehensive development of their pupils. One should also emphasize their great role in forming and maintaining the Polish Catholic spirit in children from families that often converted to the Greek Catholic rite. The high quality of the sisters' educational, teaching, and caring work is evidenced by the conclusions of various inspection reports made by Church and civil authorities. From the very beginning of their existence, the orphanages carried out tasks in accordance with the concept of Edmund Bojanowski, above all protecting children from moral corruption, spreading the Christian model of life, defending and strengthening national culture. Zealous concern for the best possible realization of these goals was also evident in Eastern Lesser Poland, despite the fact that the time after the end of the Great War was not an easy one, and the population of the area struggled with many economic difficulties. The work of Servant Sisters resulted in trust of the environment in which the institutions of the Congregation were operating and caused that for decades the orphanages run by the Sisters had a strong position among other care and educational institutions. The present article is a continuation of the research presented in the previous issue, but the time span of the article concerns the period between 1918 and 1939, so it shows the development of the activities of the day-care centres and the specificity of their functioning in the interwar period. It is important to note that the period 1918-1939 was a time when the conditions of the sisters' work were much different than in the 19th and early 20th centuries. With the restoration of independence came the need to adapt their work to the standards issued in this regard by the competent state authorities. A new institution called kindergarten was introduced and the issue of having appropriate qualifications and competences to work in particular care and educational institutions was raised.
Pathobiology of Gastric Carcinoids and Adenocarcinomas in Rodent Models and Patients: Studies of Gastrocystoplasty, Gender-Related Factors and Autophagy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, there have been significant advances both in understanding the mechanisms involved in gastrointestinal mucosal injury and protection, as well as in the development of successful strategies for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal injury. Nevertheless, many people worldwide still suffer from gastrointestinal damage. This book contains contributions by an international panel of researchers in the form of up-to-date reviews on the mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury and protection. These are complemented by papers discussing how these new findings about cell/tissue injury and cytoprotection/organoprotection can be applied to the prevention and treatment of tissue damage in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the publication includes a special chapter on Andre Robert, who has discovered the phenomenon of gastric cytoprotection. This publication will be of great interest for both basic and clinical researchers in gastroenterology and pharmacology, reviewing the advances made so far and pointing towards future developments.
The Role of CAR T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Adult B-ALL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CAR T-cell therapy is a recent therapeutic advancement that has transformed the management of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). To date, there are 2 FDA-approved CAR-T products for R/R B-ALL: tisagenlecleucel in patients aged <26 years and brexucabtagene autoleucel in those aged ≥18 years. This review summarizes the pivotal clinical trials that led to FDA approval of these 2 products and highlight emerging data addressing key questions pertinent to CAR-T utilization in the rapidly evolving landscape of R/R ALL management. These include optimal sequencing of CAR-T among other novel immunotherapeutic agents, the role of consolidation and maintenance following CAR-T, novel CAR-T constructs currently under clinical development, and strategies to optimize use of commercially available CAR-T products to improve patient outcomes.
Systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at primary health care: Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune disease that occurs at an early age, i.e., during the first four years of life. Symptoms may include: fever, malaise, weakness, faint salmon-colored skin rash, whereas the symmetrical polyarticular arthritis occurs in the advanced phases of the disease. Case report: This paper presents a case of three year-old patient with fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck, but without signs of arthritis. During six months of the diagnostic period child repeatedly had fever, but laboratory values were normal, and consultations with infectious disease specialist, pulmonologist and hematologist did not reveal anything useful. As there are no specific parameters when it comes to this disease, final diagnosis was based on the clinical features. After only seven days of therapy that included administration of glucocorticoids, fever and subjective symptoms were no longer reported.
sj-docx-1-eji-10.1177_1721727X221089839 – Supplemental material for Association of fine particulate matter to allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eji-10.1177_1721727X221089839 for Association of fine particulate matter to allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Xiaofei Jia, Zhengzheng Shen, Rongrong Liu, Yue Han, Yanzhong Yang, Qi Chen and Naichao Duan in European Journal of Inflammation
Low-Power Architectures and Self-Calibration Techniques of DAC for SAR-ADC implementation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: SAR-ADC is best suited for low power applications where power has a trade-off with speed. Use of redundant circuitry reduces the on chip area making it cost effective. DAC is one of the components of SAR-ADC that introduces error voltage due to mismatch and consumes large power other than comparator. Low power DAC architectures have been studied and analysed. To account for capacitor mismatch issues self-calibration techniques have been discussed and analysed for 14-bit DAC implementation. All the architectures have been analysed for 100KS/s with 1.6MHz clock speed in 180nm technology with supply voltage of 1.8V. EDA tool used for design analysis is
Application of Alcl3, Mgcl2, Cacl2, Ca(OH)2 and Caco3 For Stabilizing Erosive Soil of Oraukwu Gully, in Anambra State

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil erosion is one of the natural disasters that have greatly affected Anambra State; for it has affected the welfare and wellbeing of different communities in the State. This research therefore aims at stabilizing an erosive soil in Oraukwu (a town in Anambra State) with the use of the solutions of some inorganic chemicals such as AlCl3, CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Laboratory analyses to determine the percentage of the particle size distribution was carried out; after which 10g and 15g each of the erosive soil sample was applied with 2 mL solution each of the AlCl3, CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 salt solutions. From the result of their particle size distribution, it was obtained that the erosive soil sample has a high percentage of sandy soil particles compared to the clay and the silt soil particles. After the different masses of the soil sample was stabilized with the use of the salt solutions, it was discovered that MgCl2, AlCl3, CaCl2 gave the highest stabilizing power while Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 gave the least stabilizing power. This was found out by using a pocket penetrometer. This then means that MgCl2, AlCl3 and CaCl2 will be very useful in stabilizing erosive soil samples when the applied to the soil sample in the right proportion.
Bottleneck identification and transfer prediction for automated production lines based on FNN

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In a re-entrant production system, the throughput of the whole system depends on the capacity of the bottleneck machine. In this study, a new definition of bottleneck is proposed for a precision forging blade shop. The reinforcement learning algorithm is used to optimize the production scheduling to determine the most suitable scheduling scheme, which lays the foundation for bottleneck identification. Subsequently, the bottleneck identification index system was established according to the optimization objective, and the bottleneck identification problem was transformed into a multi-attribute decision-making problem. Finally, a fuzzy neural network is used for training, and the basic scheduling examples of each flow shop are utilized for bottleneck identification and prediction to verify their effectiveness.
Bacteriocins as tools in analysis of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infections

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Epidemiological analysis of isolates from nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was improved by the use of bacteriocins in addition to capsular serotyping. Screening for bacteriocins produced by 77 reference strains for capsular serotyping identified 39 strains, and 8 of these strains were selected as a typing set. Using this set, we found that 241 to 259 (91%) nonepidemic clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were inhibited by one or more of the eight producers. Of the most frequent bacteriocin type there were 31 examples (12%). High reproducibility of typing patterns (83.3%) and easy practicability of typing were achieved with a streak-and-point method avoiding the use of suspensions of bacteriocins and the risk of instability. The Klebsiella bacteriocins were active also on Enterobacter and Shigella species and on Escherichia coli strains, but were ineffective on other Enterobacteriacae.
Active Existential in Lithuanian: Remarks on Burzio’s Generalization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Evidence from the Lithuanian active existential construction shows that Lithuanian has a type of VoiceP that assigns structural accusative case in the absence of a syntactically projected implicit argument in Spec,VoiceP. This construction violates Burzio’s (1986) Generalization and its later versions (e.g., Marantz 1991, Kratzer 1994, 1996, Woolford 2003, McFadden 2004, Legate 2014). This article offers a revised version of Burzio’s Generalization by proposing that while accusative case must be assigned by a thematic Voice, the assignment of accusative case by Voice may vary independently from the selection of a specifier.