jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization design and dynamic analysis on the drive mechanisms of flapping-wing air vehicles based on flapping trajectories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The optimization designs and dynamic analysis on the driving mechanism of flapping-wing air vehicles on base of flapping trajectory patterns is carried out in this study. Three different driving mechanisms which are spatial double crank-rocker, plane five-bar and gear-double slider, are systematically optimized and analysed by using the Mat lab and Adams software. After a series debugging on the parameter, the comparatively ideal flapping trajectories are obtained by the simulation of Adams. Present results indicate that different drive mechanisms output different flapping trajectories and have their unique characteristic. The spatial double crank-rocker mechanism can only output the arc flapping trajectory and it has the advantages of small volume, high flexibility and efficient space utilization. Both planar five-bar mechanism and gear-double slider mechanism can output the oval, figure of eight and double eight flapping trajectories. Nevertheless, the gear-double slider mechanism has the advantage of convenient parameter setting and better performance in output double eight flapping trajectory. This study can provide theoretical basis and helpful reference for the design of the drive mechanisms of flapping-wing air vehicles with different output flapping trajectories.
Toward Visualizing Subjective Uncertainty: A Conceptual Framework Addressing Perceived Uncertainty through Action Redundancy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Uncertainty is usually technically defined with associated metrics by visualization researchers. Next to this rather objective description, there is a subjective notion to uncertainty considering human experiences eliciting a response to the perceived uncertainty. This article aims to complement the default technical notion with a subjective perspective of uncertainty as we experienced. As a starting point, we introduce a conceptual framework aiming to explain the consequential life-cycle of subjective uncertainty in relation with visualization methods. The framework is illustrated by a case in which the redundancy of logged game play behavior is visualized to assist the discovery of subjective uncertainty. Our preliminary results show that visualizing the Shannon entropy of categorical action labels can be a promising method to probe subjective uncertainty.
State Policy Climates for College Student Success: An Analysis of State Policy Documents Pertaining to College Persistence and Completion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reports the findings of an exploratory analysis of state policy climates for college student persistence and completion. We performed an analysis of more than 100 documents collected from 8 states chosen largely on the basis of their performance on past Measuring Up reports. Our analysis of governors' state-of-the-state addresses, state Master Plans, and performance-funding programs produced several notable findings. Although we had assumed that states that perform better in retaining and graduating their college students would likely have state policy climates that espouse greater support for college student success, our analysis provided some evidence that it is the lower-performing states, in fact, whose policy climates espouse more support for these goals. We also found evidence of rising political support across all states for increased college persistence and completion, although the rate of growth of support has risen fastest over the past 8 years in low-performing states. We examine some of the implications of these findings, and present several directions that future research might take in studying state policy climates for college student success.
Determinants of current account balances: an empirical investigation using dynamic panel data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the influence of theoretical and empirical determinants on the dynamics of current account balances across seventy-four economies, analyzed in two groups: emerging economies and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To achieve this objective, we employ a dynamic panel data methodology using Difference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models. The results suggest that, for emerging economies, improved external integration and reduced public debt positively affect external adjustment. A 1% improvement in these fundamentals is associated with a 0.12% and 0.18% enhancement in current account balances, respectively. Furthermore, trade volume, private credit to the central government, and foreign direct investment play distinct roles in external adjustment for emerging economies compared to the OECD group.
The amphetamine appetite suppressant saga.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(1) In 1999, all amphetamine derivatives still sold in France as appetite suppressants were withdrawn from the market because of serious cardiovascular adverse effects. Sibutramine, marketed in France since 2001, is closely related to this group of drugs. (2) The adverse effects shared by these drugs are mainly neuropsychiatric (due to a psychostimulant action) and cardiovascular (arterial hypertension and tachycardia). (3) More specific cardiovascular adverse effects, such as pulmonary hypertension and severe cardiac valve damage, emerged after several years of use. The first reports date back to the 1960s. (4) The pulmonary hypertension associated with appetite suppressants can be fatal or necessitate transplantation. (5) Cardiac valve damage due to appetite suppressants is generally irreversible and sometimes requires surgery.
Attention is withdrawn from the area of the visual field where the own hand is currently moving

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Self-generated movement leads to the attenuation of predicted sensory consequences of the movement. This mechanism ensures that attention is generally not drawn to sensory signals caused by own movement. Such attenuation has been observed across the animal kingdom and in different sensory modalities. In this study we used novel virtual reality (VR) devices to test the hypothesis that the human brain attenuates visual sensation in the area of the visual field where the subject's hand is currently moving. We conducted three VR experiments where we monitored hand position during movement while the participants performed a visual search task. In the first two experiments we measured response time for salient moving targets and observed that reaction time (RT) is slower for targets that are behind the (invisible) hand. This result provides the first evidence that the visual motion signals generated by the subject's own hand movement are suppressed. In the third experiment we observed that RT is also slower for colored targets behind the hand. Our findings provide support for the active inference account of sensory attenuation, which posits that attenuation occurs because attention is withdrawn from the sensory consequences of own movement. Furthermore, we demonstrate how modern VR tools could open up new exciting avenues of research for studying the interplay of action and perception.
Assessing the Effect of Personality Characteristics of Minnesota Golfers on the Brand Equity of Golf Drivers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although many researchers have focused on the attributes of a product that affect brand equity, this study focuses on the attributes of the consumer that affect brand equity. More specifically, the current study examines how a variety of golfer personality characteristics affect the equity they assign to various brands of golf equipment. The results of the survey showed that as golfers are more skilled, they are willing to pay a higher premium for their preferred driver. This may be because golfers who are more skilled tend to take the sport more seriously and will probably have no problem spending more money on their favorite brands. Results also showed that as golfers get older, they will show more brand equity. Older people often have more money. It is also possible that more experience will result in an individual sticking with their brand of choice because they know it works and have used that brand for a long time. An obvious limitation to the study was the use of archival data for the majority of the personality characteristics data. While most of the characteristics that were chosen for the study are relatively stable traits, some can fluctuate over time. It is argued that self-esteem is a malleable characteristic that changes over time (Heatherton & Polivy 1991).
Sarcogyne praetermissa(Acarosporaceae), a New Calcicolous Lichen Species from Europe, with a Key to the EuropeanSarcogyneSpecies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Knudsen, K. & Kocourková, J. 2018. Sarcogyne praetermissa (Acarosporaceae), a new calcicolous lichen species from Europe, with a key to the European Sarcogyne species. — Herzogia 31: 133–139.The new lichen species Sarcogyne praetermissa is described from the Czech Republic. It is also reported from Finland, Hungary, Montenegro and Sweden. Sarcogyne privigna var. calcicola is lectotypifyed and synonymized with S. praetermissa. A key to the European species of Sarcogyne is provided.
Study on Mutation Breeding of Fermenting Strains for Sweet Sorghum Stalk & Its Solid Fermentation Techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Angel active dry yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was selected as original strains and mutated by radiation of 60Co-γ,then H13 strain was obtained through screening and solid fermention test(fermented with 300 g sweet sorghum stalk).The optimum fermentation conditions of H13 strain were summed up as follows through experiments: 300g grinding sweet sorghum stalk,5 ‰ bacteria inoculation quantity,68 % water content of sustrate,60 h fermentation at 36 ℃,and ethanol yield could reach 6.4 g/100 g stalk.
The origin of methyl group in methanogen-mediated mercury methylation: From the Wolfe cycle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulating neurotoxin mainly produced by anaerobic microorganisms, with methanogen being one of the important methylators. A critical aspect for understanding the mechanism for microbial mercury (Hg) methylation is the origin of the methyl group. However, the origin of methyl group in methanogen-mediated Hg methylation remains unclear. This study aims to identify the source of methyl group for MeHg synthesis in methanogens. Our study revealed that Hg methylation in Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1 is closely related to methanogenesis process, according to the results of proteomic study and substrate limitation study. Next, we proved that nearly all methyl group in MeHg derives from the Wolfe cycle in this species, rather than the previously demonstrated acetyl-coenzyme A pathway, based on the results of 13 C labeling study. We then proposed the Wolfe cycle–dependent Hg methylation mechanism in this species. Further genome analyses and 13 C labeling experiments indicated that the involvement of the Wolfe cycle in Hg methylation is probably a universal feature among Hg-methylating methanogens. These findings reveal a unique Hg methylation mechanism in methanogens. Our study broadens the carbon substrates and controlling factors for MeHg synthesis in the environment, which can inform the prediction of MeHg production potential and remediation strategies for MeHg contamination.
Spacetime noncommutative effect on black hole as particle accelerators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the spacetime noncommutative effect on black hole as particle accelerators and, find that particle falling from infinity with zero velocity cannot collide with unbound energy when the noncommutative Kerr black hole is exactly extremal. Our results also show that the bigger of the spinning black hole's mass is, the higher of center of mass energy that the particles obtain. For small and medium noncommutative Schwarzschild black hole, the collision energy depends on the black holes' mass.
Bionomics of Bombus lucorum and its application as pollinators.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bombus lucorum L.has one generation a year in Beijing area and overwinters as queen in hibernation.The queen emerges from hibernation in middle April and begins to lay eggs two weeks later.The first batch of workers appears in later May.After the production of 150 workers,young drones and queens are born in middle or later July,they mate in August and September.The young mated queens hibernate each separately in the soil in early October when the weather becomes cold.Queen's hibernation can be broken under artificial conditions and several generations of bumblebees are breeding a year in captivity,and then,it provides pollination for crops in winter greenhouse.
Metafizyka w marksizmie? – Materializm dialektyczny i jego konsekwencje w ujęciu o. Józefa Marii Bocheńskiego

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Father Józef Maria Bocheński OP (1902– 1995) was considered a leading sovieto­logist. At the University of Fribourg, he founded in 1957 the Institute of Eastern Europe, in which the doctrine of Marxism-Leninism was studied scien­tifically. The results were published in the journal „Studies in Soviet Thought”. He initiated the uprising in Cologne Ost-Kolleg, where knowledge about So­viet philosophy and communism was disseminated. In the years 1961–1962 he was also its director. In his publications he undertook, among others the question of the me­taphysics of Marxism, seeing it general­ly in dialectical materialism and, in spe­cific applications, also in historical materialism. Criticizing this trend of thought, he focused on its latest findin­gs, developed in the Soviet philosophy in the fifties of the twentieth century. Approaching the criticism from an exter­nal point of view, he pointed out some significant inconsistencies of Marxist materialism. According to the first law of dialectics, it proclaims a universal cau­se-effect determinism, and at the same time allows for the occurrence of ran­dom events. Explaining the existence of consciousness in matter with the adop­ted concept of cognition, Marxism mixes the epistemological and ontological or­der. Moreover, this trend uses the unscientific understanding of matter. On the basis of the considerations of Father Bocheński, it can also be concluded that the fundamental inconsistency of Marxist materialism is the acceptance of the existence of a spiritual element (con­sciousness) different in quality from mat­ter, while maintaining the thesis that there is only matter and what comes from it.
THE INFLUENCE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS ON SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN EPILEPSY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with epilepsy are at two- to three-fold high-er risk of dying prematurely compared with healthy indi-viduals, being the most frequent epilepsy-related cause of death the sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)1. SUDEP is defined as sudden, unexpected, witnessed or un-witnessed, nontraumatic and nondrowning death in pa-tients with epilepsy. Documented status epilepticus (SE) is excluded in SUDEP, and post mortem examination does not reveal any cause of death2. Risk factors for SUDEP include epilepsy refractoriness, presence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs, young age, duration of the seizure disorder rang-ing from 15 to 20 years, and early epilepsy onset1,3. The pathophysiological causes of SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac abnormalities during and be-
Using DNA Metabarcoding to Identify Floral Visitation by Pollinators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The identification of floral visitation by pollinators provides an opportunity to improve our understanding of the fine-scale ecological interactions between plants and pollinators, contributing to biodiversity conservation and promoting ecosystem health. In this review we outline the various methods which can be used to identify floral visitation, providing a comparison between molecular and non-molecular methods. We review the literature covering the ways in which DNA metabarcoding has been used to answer ecological questions relating to plant use by pollinators and discuss the findings of this research. We present detailed methodological considerations for each step of the metabarcoding workflow, from sampling through to amplification and finally bioinformatic analysis. Detailed guidance is provided to researchers for utilization of these techniques, emphasizing the importance of standardization of methods and improving the reliability of results. Future opportunities and directions of using molecular methods to analyze plant-pollinator interactions are then discussed.
Pneumococcal Endocarditis in Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of pneumococcal endocarditis in an infant is reported together with a review of seven cases previously described in the literature. The prominent presenting symptoms of this usually fatal disease consisted of tachycardia, tachypnea, and cardiomegaly. A new murmur was heard in six of the eight patients. Fever was infrequent. Blood cultures were positive when done. The mitral valve was the site of infection in seven of the patients. In contrast to adult patients, pneumonia and meningitis are rarely encountered in children with pneumococcal endocarditis. The disease was fatal in all four patients before the penicillin era and in three of four patients who received penicillin.
Additional files 6: Figure S6. of Increased tauopathy drives microglia-mediated clearance of beta-amyloid

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The combination of Aβ and Tau pathology leads to reductions in hippocampal β3-tubulin. (A-D) To determine whether T5x mice begin to exhibit early signs of neurodegeneration, dendritic architecture was examined by β3-tubulin immunolabeling of all four genotypes. (E-G) Quantification of β3-tubulin revealed a significant reduction in T5x mice compared to WT and transgenic littermates within the pyramidal cell layer (E; p
REFINING THE CELLULAR STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY IN FACTORY RE-LOCATION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Leslie & Company is a West Midlands, U.K. manufacturing company specialising in hot stamping(forging) and subsequent machining of non ferrous products and in ferrous and non-ferrous bar machining. The company has achieved strong, profitable growth since the early eighties by meeting customer requirements for high quality and rapid response with no minimum quantity.
The social research between immersion and detachement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Resume La recherche sociale est liee a la position incertaine d’acteurs occupant une position intermediaire : a la fois proches du champ universitaire tout en n’etant pas integrees dans celui-ci et simultanement dans une relation de tension avec les intervenants/formateurs dans le champ de la formation sociale. Nous faisons l’hypothese que cette position peut permettre l’emergence d’analyses nouvelles et s’averer riche de potentialites tant pour le developpement des sciences humaines et sociales, et plus particulierement dans le developpement de la sociologie comme discipline scientifique, que pour l’optimisation des pratiques d’intervention.
DELAYED FEEDBACK SUPPRESSION OF COLLECTIVE RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY IN A NEURONAL ENSEMBLE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We analyze the delayed feedback approach to suppression of collective synchrony in a population of globally or randomly coupled neurons. In particular, we consider the main factors of imperfection of the control scheme and their influence on the suppression efficiency. Next, with the help of a realistic model of synaptically coupled population of inhibitory and excitatory neurons we demonstrate the potential of the suppression scheme for neurophysiological applications.
A Simple Method to Calculate the Torque of Magnet-Rotating-Type Axial Magnetic Coupler Using a New Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A magnet-rotating-type axial magnetic coupler (MAMC), namely, a novel axial magnetic coupler with rotatable monopole permanent magnets (PMs), is proposed. The speed of the MAMC can be adjusted by rotating the rotatable PMs mounted on the PM disk, or changing the axial air gap length between the PM disk and the conductor sheet (CS), or combining these methods. In order to analyze the torque performance, the magnetic circuit model of MAMC is established when the rotatable PMs are not parallel to the CS. Specifically, the influence of the induced eddy current is introduced into a new magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model. Combined with Kirchhoff's law, the calculation formula of torque is derived. Moreover, according to Ampere's law, the formula for calculating the induced eddy current is derived when the rotatable PMs after rotating are not parallel to the CS. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the finite element method (FEM). The results obtained by the new MEC model proposed are consistent with those obtained by the FEM, and the formula derived is effective in the case of small rotational speed differences, small air gap lengths, and small thicknesses of the CS.
Cross-cultural awareness training and its impact on reduction in expatriate failure in Australian MNEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines cross-cultural awareness training policies and practices including their \nprovision, programs and mode of delivery, and their contribution to reduction in expatriate failure \nin Australian MNEs. It concludes that the case Australian MNEs tend not to provide low or \nmedium level of rigor cross-cultural awareness training; instead they provide high rigor training, \nmainly in the form of orientation trips and flexpatriation. The findings of this study do not support \nthe predominant international training literature, which has concluded that MNEs generally do not \nprovide adequate cross-cultural awareness training. It is contended that the conclusions drawn \nfrom past studies have neglected the substantial reduction in expatriate failure that has resulted \nfrom higher level rigor training. The findings of this study have significant implications for \npractitioners and further research, which are also discussed.
A taxonomic review of the genus Zosterops in East Africa, with a revised list of species occurring in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Species limits among East African white-eyes Zosterops are reviewed. Recent molecular studies have revealed that arrangements such as those of Britton (1980), with just three species, and Fry (2000), with four species, are unsatisfactory. Most of the isolated highland forms which have been grouped under Z. poliogaster evolved independently and warrant treatment as full endemic species. Forms hitherto treated as subspecies of Z. senegalensis have been recovered within two divergent African clades. Within a northern clade Z. stuhlmanni appears best split pro tempore from Z. senegalensis (sensu stricto) . Within a southern clade, stierlingi and anderssoni may be treated as subspecies of Z. anderssoni . The pale yellow-bellied forms, included until now within Z. abyssinicus, were found in a different lineage from northeast African grey-bellied forms, and must be treated under Z. flavilateralis . With the inclusion of Z. vaughani of Pemba Island this results in a total of eleven East African species. These are listed with details of all constituent subspecies, distributions and synonyms. Occurrence within Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda is summarized in an appendix.