jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Switched Local Area Networks’ Delay Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A large number of installed local area networks are sluggish in terms of speed of uploading and downloading of information. Researchers have, therefore, proposed the need for such networks to be designed with specified maximum end-to-end delay. This is because, if the maximum packet delay between any two nodes of a network is not known, it is impossible to provide a deterministic guarantee of worst case response times of packets’ flows. Therefore, the need for analytic and formal basis for designing such networks becomes very imperative. In this regard, this chapter has discussed the switched local area networks’ delay problem and related issues. It compared the two principal approaches for determining the end-to-end response times of flows in communication networks – stochastic approach and deterministic approach. The chapter goes on to demonstrate the superiority of the latter approach by using it to develop and validate the goodness of a general maximum delay packet switch model.
Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Self Assesment System dan Pengetahuan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta - Cakung)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Indonesia as a developing country is intensively developing infrastructure in variousregions to support economic and socio-cultural development. In essence, all developments carried out will be financed by the State Budget (APBN) and the Regional Budget (APBD) which comes from state tax revenue. Tax is a very basicthing, in the procedure for collecting taxes mustbe based on laws and regulations. In essence, those who bear the tax burden are the people. The issue of tax base and tax rate must gothrough the consent of the people represented bythe people's representative institution and theresult of the approval is described in a law thatmust be obeyed by all parties subject to taxobligations. In the Self Assessment systemeverything related to the amount of tax payable must be left entirely to the taxpayer and the success of this Self Assessment System dependslargely on the compliance of the taxpayer.
Subpopulation Analysis of Heteroresistance to Fluoroquinolone in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Beijing, China

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The presence of heteroresistance was represented by 23 % of 235 fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistantMycobacterium tuberculo-sis isolates in Beijing, China, from 2008 to 2010. The main mechanism of FQ heteroresistance is due to the segregation of a single M. tuberculosis strain in patients; the majority of isolates with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis contained a mixture of bacterial subpopulations consisting of various mutant types, suggesting that the improper use of FQ is the major cause of FQ resistance. Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is prevalentworldwide and has become a major threat to tuberculosis (TB) control programs and treatment of TB in many countries. As shown in the latest data, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is resistant to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF), was found in 3.3 % of new cases and 21 % of recurrent TB cases globally. Additionally, extensively drug-resistant tuber-culosis (XDR-TB) occurred in 58 countries worldwide, sug-gesting that first-line drugs and at least two types of second-line drugs cannot be used for TB treatment (19). The majority of these drug-resistant strains acquired drug resistance due to im-
The Effectiveness of Alkali Halide Media for the Process of MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Formation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

固相を含む諸反応に対する鉱化剤などの媒体の活性と他の諸性質との問に定量的な関係を求めた研究は, 従来おこなわれていない. これを行なうために, 著者らは, MgFe2O4, MgAl2O4, MgCr2O4の生成反応に対するハロゲン化アルカリ類媒体の活性をしらべ, それを, |aMgO-aAX|という値と関連づけることができた. ここでaは立方晶系の格子定数, AXはハロゲン化アルカリを示す. NaClの活性を1.00として相対活性度とすると, 相対活性の対数と格子定数の差の絶対値|aMgO-aAX|との間に, 直線関係が成立した.
E-247 Application of a trevo device for access to an acutely angled common carotid artery via bovine aortic arch

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Access to the common carotid artery is crucial for any neuro-interventional procedures. Bovine aortic arch followed by an acutely angled proximal common carotid artery (CCA) can pose a great challenge. Owing to urgency, we resorted to a non-conventional method to obtain an access to the CCA: TREVO device.

Case

A 69 year old female with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured left sided posterior communicating artery (PCOMM) aneurysm was prepped for a coil embolization. In addition to severely tortuous femoral artery and bovine aortic arch, her proximal CCA was also acutely curved, which precluded the guiding catheter advancing to the CCA. Following several attempts with different catheters and wires, a TREVO device was introduced and deployed in the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA), which ultimately allowed a sofia intermediate catheter to reach the distal ICA. Through this rather unconventional method, PCOMM aneurysm was successfully treated.

Conclusion

When having to pass through unfortunate routes in the aortic arch and CCA, a trevo device might help advancing the guiding catheter to the ICA, which is an absolute necessity in successful neuro-intervention.

Disclosures

J. park: None.
The Principal’s Role as A Supervisor in Improving Teacher Performance at SDIT Baitul Jannah Bandar Lampung Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstrak: Supervising is a cooperative service. Supervising can be understood to be helpful in two directions as it is applied. In other words, the supervised instructor and the supervisor themselves are promoted and reorganized so that, in turn, teachers may become professionals. This study was conducted to reveal: 1) The role of the Principal in Learning Preparation to enhance teacher success as an Instructional Supervisor. 2) The role of the Principal in integrating learning to increase success as an Instructional Supervisor. 3) The role of the Principal in Learning Assessment to enhance teacher efficiency as an Instructional Supervisor. The role of the Principal as a supervisor in improving teacher performance at SDIT BaitulJannah has been well achieved from the results of the study but needs to be improved again. The Principal has done his best to guide, direct, design, inspire, assess, and maintain good ties from within and outside the school. However, there were some hurdles, including the short-term supervision of all teachers. While support is required, namely the teachers' willingness to obtain guidance from SDIT Principal BaitulJannah, active involvement of students in school activities, help from superiors, and good relations between school members.
Glutamate receptor-dependent modulation of dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens by the basolateral, but not the central, nucleus of the amygdala in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in reward-related behavior. Recent experiments have described distinct roles of the central (CeN) and basolateral (BLA) amygdala nuclei in the context of associative rewardrelated learning. Given their direct and indirect connections to the NAc and ventral tegmental area (VTA), both the BLA and CeN may interact with the mesoaccumbens DA system during associative learning. The present experiments were designed to test if electrical stimulation of the BLA or CeN could increase dopamine (DA) efflux in the NAc. Microdialysis combined with HPLC-ED was used to monitor NAc DA efflux in freely moving rats. Results revealed that stimulation of the BLA (20 Hz, 10 sec, 300 μA) induced a long-lasting 25±4% increase in NAc DA efflux whereas CeN stimulation had no effect. Reverse dialysis of either the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-V (100 μM) or the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (100 μM), but not the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist MCPG (100 μM), into the NAc blocked the stimulationinduced increase in DA efflux in the NAc. Intra-VTA infusion (2 uL, 0.5 μL/min, unilateral) of the reversible sodium channel blocker lidocaine (4%) significantly reduced basal DA levels for ~ 30 minutes but failed to suppress the increase in NAc DA efflux resulting from BLA stimulation. Consequently, we suggest that afferents from the BLA directly modulate DA efflux at the terminals in the NAc, not the cell bodies in the VTA. Results are discussed in the context of limbic-striatal interactions and associative learning.
A Conceptual Analysis of Systematic Barriers for Women Living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) encounter substantial systemic barriers that hinder their well-being and access to necessary services. These hindrances encompass gender disparities, limited healthcare availability, and societal stigma. Using Keynesian economic theory as a framework, this conceptual paper explores the impediments WLWHA face in accessing comprehensive HIV treatment services. Between January and June 2023, the authors conducted a comprehensive review of 100 scholarly articles to gain an understanding of the systemic barriers limiting access to essential HIV treatment and care for WLWHA. These barriers include gender-based violence, economic constraints, and healthcare system deficiencies. To address these challenges, a multi-faceted approach is needed, involving healthcare system reforms, economic empowerment, and educational initiatives. Keynesian economic theory, emphasizing government intervention to promote economic growth, offers valuable insights into addressing the systemic inequities faced by WLWHA. Improvement in healthcare access, education, and economic opportunities can create a more equitable society where everyone can access vital resources regardless of their health status. This paper underscores the urgency of tackling these systemic barriers and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the availability of crucial pharmaceuticals for WLWHA, thereby advancing health equity and social justice.
The Role of Ethics in Corporate Human Rights Impact Assessments

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter is organized under two main sections. The first discusses how the content requirements of HRIAs are conflated with the ethical requirements of the assessment itself. This, narrow and inadequate species of HRIA ethics is quite different from the extensive body of legal ethics. The second section provides a case study of a World Bank-related impact assessment, which gives rise to legal and non-legal ethical issues and which is meant to demonstrate that the absence of concrete human rights-centred ethical guidelines in HRIAs can, even with the best of intentions, lead to outcomes that effectively violate fundamental rights.
A study on the analysis of suboptimal visibility using mobile applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

본 연구에서는 모바일 어플리케이션을 활용하여 스마트폰 카메라로 촬영한 차선 이미지의 가시성을 기반으로 시인성을 분석하는 연구를 진행하였다. 촬영 어플리케이션을 자체적으로 제작하고 차선을 촬영할 때 컬러패치를 함께 촬영하여 어플리케이션에 포함된 인공지능 알고리즘으로 컬러패치를 검출하였다. 이후 검출된 컬러패치의 좌표영역을 기준으로 24개의 컬러패치 영역을 통해 차선 이미지의 색상을 교정하였다. 교정된 이미지는 RGB-YUV 변환을 통해 Y값을 추출하였다. 실험과정은 동일한 도로구간에 대해 3일 동안 오전 10시, 오후 2시, 오후 7시에 걸쳐 사진을 촬영하였다. 데이터 분석결과 컬러패치를 이용해 교정을 함으로써, 외부 환경의 영향을 최소화했지만 Y값은 외부 환경에 따라 현저하게 변화하는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 RGB-YUV 변환을 통해 추출된 Y값이 실제 물리적인 휘도값을 절대적으로 반영한다고 보기에는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 또한 촬영 시간과 각도에 따라 Y값이 현저하게 변화하는 결과를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 단일의 스마트폰을 사용하여 이미지를 촬영하였지만 향후 스마트폰의 기종별, 해상도별 Y값의 변화정도를 수치화하여서 보정공식을 도입해야 할 필요성을 확인하였다.
“Every Kid Is Money”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the primary aims of choice policies is to introduce competition between schools. When parents can choose where to send their children, there is pressure on schools to improve to attract and retain students. However, do school leaders recognize market pressures? What strategies do they use in response? This study examines how choice creates school-level actions using qualitative data from 30 schools in New Orleans. Findings suggest that school leaders did experience market pressures, yet their responses to such pressures varied, depending in part on their perceptions of competition and their status in the market hierarchy. Some took steps toward school improvement, by making academic and operational changes, whereas others engaged in marketing or cream skimming.
Adding the outer pipe to a thin borehole radar probe in a thick water-filled borehole in rock to reduce direct coupling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We show the experimental evidence that the additional outer pipe attached to a borehole radar probe reduces the direct wave’s power in single-hole measurement and emphasizes the reflected wave from subsurface objects in hard rock. This pipe replaces the water layer with the air one when the difference between the diameter of the radar probe and that of the borehole is large, for example, by 4 cm. In the field experiment, the radar probe is scanned in the water-filled borehole in the rock in the two cases, with and without the additional outer pipe. The comparison between these two cases confirmed that the direct wave’s power difference increases as the frequency gets higher and reaches 20 dB at 300 MHz. The radar probe with the additional outer pipe detected the reflected wave from the objects in the time domain. This contrasted with the fact that the radar probe without the additional outer pipe observed only the strong direct waves rather than the reflected waves.
Abstract P4-12-04: Use of complementary and integrative medicine therapies in Chilean patients with breast cancer. Experience of a private center: prevalence and characteristics of patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: During the last decade several studies have been reported that the use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM), defined as health care methods generated outside of standard Western, or conventional clinical practices has been increasing among breast cancer patients in developed countries. However, there is little information about the use of CIM in developing countries. Chile currently has no published statistics on the use of CIM in breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between March and June 2017 in breast cancer patients treated in Clinica Alemana de Santiago to determine the prevalence of CIM use and the types of preferred CIM. We also analyzed associations between CIM and several variables including sociodemographic variables, the reasons that motivated the use of CIM and the subjective benefits that patients attributed to CIM. Statistical analysis included two tailed t–test for continuous variables, Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and logistic regression for association between CIM use and other variables. Results: 288 patients answered the survey. Among them, 98.9% were women, mostly between 41 and 50 years (40.4%). 44.9% (n = 129) reported using CIM. No association was found between the use of CIM and sociodemographic variables (sex, age, education, income). Most used CIM types were: vitamins / minerals (50.4%), herbs (48.8%), special diets (42.6%), meditation/prayers (37.2%). The reasons for CIM use were "to do everything possible" (72%), "improve immunity" (67.8%), "reduce side effects of treatment" (32.7%), recommendation by family member or friend (32.7%). Regarding CIM habits, 50.8% of patients reported having started CIM use at the time of diagnosis and only 51.6% reported about CIM use to their attending physician. Most patients reported benefits associated to CAM use (61%) but no differences were found in reported quality of life. Conclusions: Great amount of the patients reported using CIM and half of them mentioned that they shared this information with their attending physician. It is necessary incorporate to medical routines questions regarding CIM use and to educate the patients regarding the safe use of CIM and the possible interactions of these approaches with conventional clinical practices. Citation Format: Salas C, Lopez G, Cadiz F, Barriga C, Gonzalez P, Acevedo S, Raimilla P, Pincheira P, Naing A, Quiroga M. Use of complementary and integrative medicine therapies in Chilean patients with breast cancer. Experience of a private center: prevalence and characteristics of patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-04.
Comparative Analysis of Vascular Cell Differentiation From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell‐ and Urine‐Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and urine‐derived epithelial cells have both emerged as valuable sources for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation, each presenting unique advantages in terms of accessibility and reprograming efficiency. This study aimed to assess and compare the potential of PBMC‐derived iPSCs (PiPSCs) and urine‐derived iPSCs (UiPSCs) in generating functional endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are critical for vascular tissue engineering and disease modeling. Phenotypic characteristics, differentiation efficacy, and functional properties of iPSC‐derived ECs and VSMCs from these distinct sources were investigated to reveal variations attributed to cellular origin. Methods and Results: PiPSCs and UiPSCs both successfully differentiated into functional ECs and VSMCs. EC differentiation efficiency was similar, yielding about 45% mature ECs with characteristic morphology, marker expression, and tube formation abilities, showing no significant differences between cell types. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of key endothelial markers (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 [PECAM1], cadherin 5 [CDH5], and melanoma cell adhesion molecule [MCAM]) and downregulation of lymphatic markers (Fms‐related tyrosine kinase 4 [FLT4], prospero homeobox protein 1 [PROX1], and podoplanin [PDPN]), confirming blood EC identity. The upregulation of collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) indicated a mature endothelial state with enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) production. VSMC differentiation resulted in high percentages of α ‐smooth muscle actin ( α ‐SMA) positive cells for both PiPSCs (96%) and UiPSCs (94%). These VSMCs exhibited typical spindle‐shaped morphology, expressed VSMC markers, and responded to carbachol. Transcriptomic analysis showed significant upregulation of VSMC markers (actin alpha 2 [ACTA2], caldesmon 1 [CALD1], calponin 1 [CNN1], transgelin [TAGLN], tropomyosin 2 [TPM2]), with concurrent downregulation of ACTA1 and upregulation of ACTA2, confirming their vascular smooth muscle phenotype. The upregulation of COL6A1 in VSMCs indicated a mature phenotype with enhanced ECM production, crucial for vascular tissue integrity and function. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted the upregulation of multiple hallmark pathways, delineating a distinctive transcriptional profile. Conclusions: This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of functionally differentiated ECs and VSMCs derived from PiPSCs and UiPSCs, providing critical insights into the expression patterns and phenotypic transitions during differentiation. Our findings enhance the understanding of distinct molecular signatures in iPSCs from different sources and their progeny.
Methodological basics of system analysis of the current situation and problems in the Arctic zone of Russia

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the successful implementation of strategic documents on the development of the Russian Arctic region it is necessary to use modern technologies of system analysis of basic situations and problems in the functioning of the diverse territorial components in this zone. At the same time the methodology for working with arrays of mismatched information of Rosstat, ministries and agencies, major corporations acquires the particular importance.
Visual Growth Tracking for Automated Leaf Stage Monitoring Based on Image Sequence Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we define a new problem domain, called visual growth tracking, to track different parts of an object that grow non-uniformly over space and time for application in image-based plant phenotyping. The paper introduces a novel method to reliably detect and track individual leaves of a maize plant based on a graph theoretic approach for automated leaf stage monitoring. The method has four phases: optimal view selection, plant architecture determination, leaf tracking, and generation of a leaf status report. The method accepts an image sequence of a plant as the input and automatically generates a leaf status report containing the phenotypes, which are crucial in the understanding of a plant’s growth, i.e., the emergence timing of each leaf, total number of leaves present at any time, the day on which a particular leaf ceased to grow, and the length and relative growth rate of individual leaves. Based on experimental study, three types of leaf intersections are identified, i.e., tip-contact, tangential-contact, and crossover, which pose challenges to accurate leaf tracking in the late vegetative stage. Thus, we introduce a novel curve tracing approach based on an angular consistency check to address the challenges due to intersecting leaves for improved performance. The proposed method shows high accuracy in detecting leaves and tracking them through the vegetative stages of maize plants based on experimental evaluation on a publicly available benchmark dataset.
2 / Cutaneotrichosporon (Cryptococcus) cyanovorans, a basidiomycetous yeast, described for the first time from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonized by a multitude of bacteria and fungi. In our institute, respiratory specimens from a large part of the Dutch CF population is frequently cultured. Here, we report the repeated isolation of Cutaneotrichosporon (Cryptococcous) cyanovorans from the airways of two CF patients. C. cyanovorans was described in 2012 as a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from South African soil, contaminated with cyanide.
[Latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Marfan syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystem connective tissue disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is mainly caused by FBN1 gene mutation and often has different clinical manifestations. Neonatal MFS is especially rare with severe conditions and a poor prognosis. At present, there is still no radical treatment method for MFS, but early identification, early diagnosis, and early treatment can effectively prolong the life span of patients. This article reviews the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MFS.
Suitability Evaluation of Sida mysorensis Plant Fiber as Reinforcement in Polymer Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The physicochemical, thermal, and surface morphological properties of the Sida mysorensis fiber (SMF) were investigated first time in this article. From the chemical compositional analysis, higher cellulose (53.36 wt. %) and lower hemicelluloses (15.23 wt. %), lignin (9.46 wt. %), wax (0.86 wt), and ash content of (3.33 wt. %) SMF were acknowledged. The different functional groups of SMF were determined through the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The Crystallinity index (41.17%) and crystalline size (13.06 nm) of SMF were evidenced through the X-ray diffraction analysis. Atomic force microscopy investigation was used to study the surface morphology of SMF. Thermal stability (220°C) and kinetic activation energy (65.486 KJ/mol) of the SMF were determined through the thermogravimetric analysis. All the above findings ensured that SMF can be used as reinforcement in polymer composite.