jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Fracture in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta treated with Bisphosphonates – A Case Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) suffer from severe fracturing due to minor injuries. Even the facial bones are frequently affected. As a medicinal basis, Bisphosphonate is administered intravenously to prevent fracturing. This procedure is standard in cases of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Data acquisition and control for an innovative thermal conductivity apparatus using LabVIEW® virtual instrument

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An innovative method and a novel research apparatus are being developed and tested to measure the thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian fluids while they are subjected to shearing flow. The emphasis here is given to the apparatus’ instrumentation and computerized data acquisition and control, while a detailed description of the mechanical design and test results will be presented elsewhere. The measurement and control are accomplished and integrated by using a computerized data acquisition system and a comprehensive virtual instrument, developed using the LabVIEW® application software. In addition, this system allows for easy modification and enhancement of virtual (software) instrument by modification of the software program. © 1998 National Instruments. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 10: 107–111, 1998
Development of Video Tutorials for Simple Distillation Tools for Making Essential Oils in Junior High Chemistry Course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop a video tutorial for simple distillation equipment for making essential oils that is suitable for use in junior high school chemistry courses. The research is a development research using the Design Thinking approach. The Design Thinking approach includes five steps, namely: empathic, definition, idea, prototype, and test. The instruments used in this study are student response questionnaires and validity on video tutorials for simple distillation equipment for making essential oils. The results of validation and student response to the video were analyzed using a Guttman scale and obtained a percentage of validation of the feasibility of media design 100% with a very valid category, articulation and intonation 100% with a very valid category, operation 100% with a very valid category, and suitability of material with sub-CPMK 100% with a very valid category. The percentage in the response test, namely the media display indicator 96.8% with a very good category, 100% operation with a very good category, and 98.95% usefulness with a very good category. Thus it can be concluded that the results of the analysis of video tutorial development are worth testing in the learning process.
Matrix codes and multitone frequency shift keying for power line communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single-tone frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation with permutation codes has been found to be useful in addressing the problem of narrowband noise disturbance in power line communications. However, this modulation scheme is restrictive since the number of frequencies used must be at least as large as the number of symbols in the permutation code. In this paper, we propose the use of multitone FSK and binary matrix codes to overcome this restriction. We construct infinite families of efficiently decodable matrix codes with rates and relative distances bounded away from zero, that uses only a logarithmic number of frequencies in the length of the code. Simulation results show that our multitone modulation scheme outperform single-tone modulation schemes.
Screening Saccharum Barberi and Sinense Accessions for Flood Tolerance and Biomass Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study evaluated the biomass production potential of Saccharum barberi (Jeswiet) and Saccharum sinense (Roxb. Amend. Jeswiet) accessions under short‐term flooded conditions. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized design with 20 S. sinense and 29 S. barberi accessions, two flood durations with non‐flooded controls and three replications of each treatment. There were no significant flood effects. However, in two individual accessions, ‘China’ and ‘Lu Cane’, sucrose production increased with additional flooding. The plant cane produced larger plants with a greater percentage of fibre and sucrose. Higher Brix values were obtained with the ratoon crop. Brix and fibre were negatively correlated with stem diameter. Stem length in S. barberi was the only physical characteristic that was correlated with sugar factors Brix and optical rotation. S. barberi accessions had high loadings for variables associated with sugar production and stem length, and fibre had moderate loadings for factor 1. Factor 1 explained 35 % of variance in the data. The second principal factor revealed high loadings for variables associated with plant size. Factor 2 explained 30 % of the proportional and together with Factor 1 explained 65 % of the cumulative variance in the data. Several accessions with low sucrose, high plot weight and low fibre were identified. These accessions make attractive selections in breeding for biomass production.
Nuclear‐Targeting MSNs‐Based Drug Delivery System: Global Gene Expression Analysis on the MDR‐Overcoming Mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The biological mechanisms of nuclear-targeting mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)-based DDSs (DOX@NT-MSNs) in overcoming multidrug resistance of cancer cells are studied. It is interesting to find for the first time that DOX@NT-MSNs down-regulate the expression of apoptosis suppressor genes and inhibit DNA repair process by disturbing the p53 pathway.
Odontología y trastornos respiratorios: apnea del sueño

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Sleep – disordered breathing is becoming of interest for health professionals because it’s an important problem in children, adolescents and adults, leading to significant consequences in health as well as psychomotor and social ones. Obstructive sleep apnea, specifically described as main element of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, is the most common symptom of these sleep disorders according to published studies in medical and dental journals. Dentistry has begun to play a primordial role in syndrome diagnosis and treatment, so it could be an important expansion opportunity of our clinical practice. This article gathers the fundamental concepts which have been described by researchers dedicated to study the obstructive sleep apnea, in order to give to the readers the basic information for the problem recognition.
Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Analysis of the First 237 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was made to prospectively assess the results of our first 237 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted colorectal procedures. Between May 1995 and July 1999, two hundred thirty seven laparoscopic (assisted) colorectal procedures were performed: 97 sigmoidectomies, 31 right hemicolectomies, 26 rectosigmoidectomies, 23 abdominoperineal rectum amputations and 60 other procedures. The following parameters were recorded and analysed: patients gender, age, diagnosis, procedure, conversion to open surgery, peroperative and postoperative complications, duration of procedure, mortality and length of hospitalization. There were 104 men (44%) and 133 women (56%) with a mean age of 62 years. Hundred and fifty-one operations were performed for benign indications (diverticular disease (51.6%), benign colonic polyps (17.5%) and others (30.9%)) and 86 for cancer (palliative and curative). The conversion rate was 4%. Postoperative complications occurred in 65 patients (27%). In 20% of these cases re-operation was necessary. The most common cause was bowel obstruction. Surgery lasted an average of 110 minutes. Mean overall hospital stay was 11 days. Sixty per cent left the hospital within eight days after operation. The 60-day mortality rate was 2.9%. The feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been established in a variety of procedures for different indications. Care must be taken in the case of acute diverticulitis which in our series is associated with higher minor and major complication rate and conversion rate. Although our results for malign cases are good, the definitive incidence of neither port-site metastasis nor local recurrence is known and no long-term results after laparoscopic surgery for carcinoma are available, we believe that curative procedures for cancer should continue to be carried out only within the framework of prospective studies unless the patient is more than 75-year old, is in bad general condition or when a palliative procedure has to be performed.
Acidification in the inland Pacific Northwest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The dramatic rolling hills of the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW), formed from deep deposits of volcanic ash and wind‐blown loess, feature some of the world's most productive soils. Alarmingly, a growing trend of extremely low‐pH values in these soils represents a serious threat to land quality, value, and productivity. Earn 1.5 CEU in Soil and Water Management by reading this article and completing the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/certifications/self‐study/702 .
Adsorption Behaviors of Bioactive Amines and Proteins on Phosphorylated Bacterial Cellulose

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The present study examined the adsorption of bioactive amines and proteins onto phosphorylated bacterial cellulose (PBC) and phosphorylated plant cellulose (PPC), which contain similar amounts of phosphoric acid groups. Physiologically important organic amines such as dopamine and serotonin are adsorbed onto PBC at neutral pH. In addition, a cationic protein lysozyme was quantitatively adsorbed onto PBC. The adsorption capacity of PBC for lysozyme (MW 14, 300) was higher than that of PPC. In contrast, PBC and PPC had similar adsorption capacities for tryptophan methyl ester (MW 219) . From these results the chemically modified bacterial cellulose can be expected to adsorb large quantities of biomacromolecules.
Reply on RC1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The mechanisms underlying the soil CO2 flux (Fs) in dry desert soils are not fully understood. To better understand these processes, we must accurately estimate these small fluxes. The most commonly used method, static chambers, inherently alter the conditions that affect the flux and may introduce errors of the same order of magnitude as the flux itself. Regional and global assessments of annual soil respiration rates are based on extrapolating point measurements conducted with flux chambers. Yet, studies conducted in desert ecosystems rarely discuss potential errors associated with using static chambers in dry and bare soils. We hypothesized that a main source of error is the collar protrusion above the soil surface. During the 2021 dry season, we deployed four automated chambers on collars with different configurations in the Negev Desert, Israel. Fs exhibited a repetitive diel cycle of nocturnal uptake and daytime efflux. CO2 uptake measured over the conventionally protruding collars was significantly lower than over the collars flushed with the soil surface. Using thermal imaging, we proved that the protruding collar walls distorted the ambient heating and cooling regime of the topsoil layer, increasing the mean surface temperatures. Higher soil temperatures during the night suppressed the flux driving forces, i.e., soil-atmosphere CO2 and temperature gradients, ultimately leading to an underestimation of up to 50 % of the actual Fs. Accordingly, the total daily CO2 uptake by the soil in the conventionally deployed collars was underestimated by 35 %. This suggests that desert soils are a larger carbon sink than previously reported and that drylands, which cover approximately 40 % of Earth’s terrestrial surface, may play a significant role in the global carbon balance.
Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of LHR gene in Scophthalmus maximus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete cDNA sequence of luteinizing hormone receptor( LHR) gene in turbot( Scophthalmus maximus L) was cloned by degenerate primer PCR amplification and RACE technology,and provided a bioinformatics foundation and tissue expression for the study of LHR genetic characters. The full length of LHR gene is 3 814 bp,encodes 685 amino acids and shares a higher degree of homology w ith the Hippoglossus hippoglossus. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the LHR gene encoded hydrophobic protein and its relative molecular w eight w as 76. 54 ku,isoelectric point w as 7. 22,and contained signal peptides and transmembrane domains. Subcellular localization of LHR w as in endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane. Meanw hile,the amino acids sequence contains thirty-three phosphorylation sites,five glycosylation sites,6 leucine-rich repeats,SCOP,PDB and seven conserved transmembrane helix domains. Furthermore,the secondary structure of LHR w as mainly composed of random coil. The tertiary structure of domain area of LHR protein show ed α-helix structure. In addition,w e found LHR protein probably plays a key role in transport,translation and metabolism process. Tissue expression analysis show ed LHR mRNA w as preferentially expressed in ovary,w hereas strong amplification signal w as also detected in liver. Therefore,the above results laid a genetic information foundation for further study of the LHR gene function in the turbot gonads development,providing the theoretical basis for fish breeding in marine aquaculture.
INNOVATION AND NATIONAL ECONOMIC STRATEGY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the formulation of a national economic policy today the need to compete in a global knowledge economy has been recognized. The importance of the knowledge services sector now rivals that of materials and products and their associated processing, manufacturing and distribution sub-sectors. A policy component common to both knowledge services and businesses handling tangible assets is a country’s investment and support for innovation as part of a national science and technology (S &amp;T) strategy. Innovation can play a major role in creating new business opportunities, in retaining and perhaps expanding current business dominance, and in transitioning a country’s assets to address changing global market needs. Policy components that can be included in an investment model of innovation include direct funding, tax incentives, purchasing, infrastructure investment and trade restrictions. The process flow of innovation consists of steps which research and development efforts take in yielding results such as inventions and discoveries that eventually lead to national competitiveness. A sound investment model will also have feedback loops which contain proposed metrics by which the policy components can be measured in terms of their effectiveness. The metrics include per capita
The Position of Allah in the Divine Self-Manifestation in the Thought of Oneness of Being (Wahdah al-Wujud)-with Special Reference to Kashani and Jilt-

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Yasushi TONAGA, The Position of Allah in the Divine Self-Manifestation in the Thought of Oneness of Being (Wahdah al-Wujud)—with Special Reference to Kashani and Jili—: Ibn 'Arabkl first formulated the theory of Oneness of Being (Wahdah al-Wujud). His theory was later developed into several versions by his direct and indirect disciples, who are called “the School of Oneness of Being”. Kashani (d. ca. 735/1334-35) and Jili (d. ca. 832/1428) are two of them.Kashani divided the process of the divine self-manifestation into five stages as follows: (1) ahadiyah (realm of absolute oneness), (2) wahidiyah (realm of relative oneness), (3) 'alam al-jabarut (world of spirits), (4) 'alam al-malakut (intermediate world), and (5) 'alam al-mulk (phenomenal world). Ahadiyah is the realm of the exclusive essence of the One, while wahidiyah is that of integration of all the names and attributes of God. Regarding Allah as the mediator between the essence of the One and the created world of the many, Kashani located the position of Allah in the level of wahidiyah.Almost a century later, Jill divided the same process into six stages as follows: (1) uluhiyah (divinity), (2) ahadiyah, (3) wahidiyah, (4) rahmaniyah (Compassionateness), (5) rububiyah (Lordship), and (6) maliklyah (Kingship). Emphasizing the supremacy of Allah, Jill located the position of Allah not in wahidiyah, but in uluhiyah which stands above ahadiyah.In order to understand the historical change of the position of Allah between Kashani and Jili, one should take into account ‘Ala’ al-Dawlah Simnani (d. 736/1336) who, belonging to “the School of Oneness of Witness (Wahdah al-Shuhud)”, criticized Kashani based on his conviction that Allah is the highest. I point out that Jill's thought would result from the reaction against Simnani from within the School of Oneness of Being.
Detection of irradiated foods by the thermoluminescence

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Our study demonstrated that the effects of the several temperature ranges for integrating TL glow intensity on the TL glow ratios by using spice-set purchased at a Turkish air port. The spice set had no labeling of irradiation foods, but nine of 12 spices were judged as irradiated food in this study. Those temperature ranges were defined by evaluating the glow curves of irradiated TLD-100 chip (167-230°C), TLD-100 disc (177-238°C) and Dolomite element (145-258°C). Those are relatively stable and the difference of typical glow peak temperatures of TLD-100 disc in two institutes was less than 2%. On the other hand, Those of TLD-100 tip was shift to higher temperature side at about 4°C because of declining of thermal conductance. The temperature ranges defined by TLD-100 were showed that discriminate more clearly between irradiated and nonirradiated spices compared with the full temperature range of TL measurement (70-400°C). With the exception of low glow intensity, background measurement for estimating net glow intensity was not necessary because TL glow ratio was hardly influenced whether the background measured or not.
Likelihood theory, prediction, model selection: asymptotic connections.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Plug-in estimation and corresponding refinements involving penalisation have been considered in various areas of parametric statistical inference. One major example is adjustment of the profile likelihood for inference in the presence of nuisance parameters. Another important setting is prediction, where improved estimative predictive densities have been recently developed. A third related setting is model selection, where information criteria based on penalisation of maximised likelihood have been proposed starting from the pioneering contribution of Akaike. The seminal contributions in the last setting predate those introducing the former two classes of procedures, and pertinent portions of literature seem to have evolved quite independently. The aim of this paper is to establish some simple asymptotic connections among these classes of procedures. In particular, all the three kinds of penalisations involved can be viewed as bias corrections of plug-in estimates of theoretical target criteria which are shown to be very closely connected. As a by-product, we obtain adjusted profile likelihoods from optimal predictive densities. Links between adjusted procedures in likelihood theory and model selection procedures are also briefly enquired throuh some simulation studies.
An estimator for the generalized hazard rate function

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An estimator of the generalized hazard rate function is studied. It is shown how the estimator can be obtained in parametric and nonparametric methods. Its limiting distribution, as the number of observations increases, is shown to be normal. Isotonization of the estimator under the assumption that the generalized hazard rate function is monotone is discussed. It is shown how the isotonic estimator can be derived in parametric and nonparametric methods. The limiting distribution of the isotonic estimator is given and comparison between the estimator and some other well known estimators is done.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Scalable Production of a Multifunctional Protein (TSG-6) That Aggregates with Itself and the CHO Cells That Synthesize It

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TNF-α stimulated gene/protein 6 (TNFAIP6/TSG-6) is a multifunctional protein that has a number of potential therapeutic applications. Experiments and clinical trials with TSG-6, however, have been limited by the technical difficulties of producing the recombinant pro-tein. We prepared stable clones of CHO cells that expressed recombinant human TSG-6 (rhTSG-6) as a secreted glycoprotein. Paradoxically, both cell number and protein produc-tion decreased dramatically when the clones were expanded. The decreases occurred because the protein aggregated the synthesizing CHO cells by binding to the brush border of hyaluronan that is found around many cultured cells. In addition, the rhTSG-6 readily self-aggregated. To address these problems, we added to the medium an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis and heparin to compete with the binding of TSG-6 to hyaluronan. Also, we opti-mized the composition of the culture medium, and transferred the CHO cells from a spinner culture system to a bioreactor that controlled pH and thereby decreased pH-dependent binding properties of the protein. With these and other improvements in the culture condi-tions, we obtained 57.0 mg ± 9.16 S.D. of rhTSG-6 in 5 or 6 liter of medium. The rhTSG-6
<title>45% quantum-efficiency light-emitting diodes with radial outcoupling taper</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

10We have investigated efficient light outcoupling from light- emitting diodes (LEDs) by introducing lateral tapers. The concept is based on light generation in the very central area of a circularly symmetric structure. After propagating between two highly reflecting mirrors light is outcoupled in tapered mesa region. By proper processing we achieve quantum and wallplug efficiencies of almost 30% for outcoupling via a planar surface or, respectively, 45% and 44% for encapsulated devices.