jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
广西梧州市土榨花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1膳食暴露风险评估Dietary exposure risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in native pressed peanut oil in Wuzhou,Guangxi province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

为了解梧州市居民通过小作坊土榨花生油摄入黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的膳食暴露风险，随机抽取梧州市3区、4县小作坊生产散装土榨花生油共496份,检测其AFB1含量，应用点评估方法评估梧州市居民的土榨花生油AFB1膳食暴露风险。结果表明：496份土榨花生油中，AFB1检出率为40.3%，含量在0.12~109.00 μg/kg之间，平均含量为3.63 μg/kg，超标率为4.64%，居民平均AFB1膳食暴露量为1.67 ng/(kg·d)，平均暴露限值(MOE)为240；男性居民平均AFB1膳食暴露量低于女性居民，城市居民低于农村居民，AFB1对女性居民造成的风险高于男性居民，对农村居民造成的风险高于城市居民。风险评估结果表明，梧州市居民通过土榨花生油摄入AFB1潜在风险较高。 In order to understand the dietary exposure risk of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)of Wuzhou residents through native pressed peanut oil from small workshops,a total of 496 batches of native pressed peanut oils in three districts and four counties of Wuzhou city were randomly selected and tested the AFB1 content, and the point assessment method was applied to assess the dietary exposure risk of Wuzhou residents to AFB1 in native pressed peanut oil. The results showed that the detection rate of AFB1 in 496 batches of native pressed peanut oil was 40.3%, and the content ranged from 0.12 μg/kg to 109.00 μg/kg, with an average content of 3.63 μg/kg and an exceedance rate of 4.64%, and the average dietary exposure of AFB1 was 1.67 ng/(kg·d), with a mean margin of exposure(MOE) of 240. The average dietary exposure of AFB1 was found to be lower among male residents than female residents, and lower among urban residents than rural residents, while the risk of AFB1 was found to be higher among female residents than male residents, and higher among rural residents than urban residents. The risk assessment results indicate that the potential risk of AFB1 intake by Wuzhou residents through native pressed peanut oil is high.
New Rural Pluriactivity? Household Strategies and Rural Renewal in Norway

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is a common assumption that pluriactive Nordic smallholders would prefer an income from ordinary paid work to the daily search for income. However, this article shows that a large proportion of pluriactive people live in regions with considerable access to paid work. The question therefore becomes why they choose traditional rural adaptations when there is ample opportunity to obtain ordinary full‐time paid work. The analysis is based on data collected in ten Norwegian rural municipalities, and interviews with pluriactive households living in four communities close to Norwegian cities. The article confirms that the income of a majority of entrepreneurs is obtained by running more than one small‐scale industrial enterprise, or by mixing operating enterprises with ordinary paid work. These kinds of strategies are based on exploiting new niches in the rural economy, which are shaped by modern gender relations in rural households.
In vitro evaluation of concentration, labeling effectiveness and stability for 131I‐labeled radioimmunoassay ligand using real‐time detection technology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Radioimmunoassay belongs to the analytical method enabling highly specific and sensitive quantification of molecules. The verification of the real‐time radioimmunoassay technology usefulness for ligand‐quality characteristics evaluation such as concentration, influence of radiolabeling on binding affinity and stability was estimated. The anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody 131 I‐cetuximab was employed as the ligand antibody. The concentration of 131 I‐cetuximab was derived from the shape of binding curves coming from the ligand‐receptor interaction. The binding curves also allowed the estimation of 131 I‐cetuximab binding affinity for different radiolabeling procedures (incubation times 1, 5, and 10 minutes) in stability testing up to 96 hours at 4°C. The stability testing also included comparative analysis by size exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography. The assessment of cetuximab concentrations using real‐time method showed acceptable accordance between real and calculated values. The real‐time method revealed that 1‐minute radiolabeling proved to be the optimal incubation time for direct radioiodination of cetuximab. Stability testing showed the significant change in radioligand affinity by one order at the longest incubation times (72 and 96 hours). Characterization of stability and binding behavior of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies by the verified real‐time method before use in other assays may be employed to eliminate variability and suboptimal antibody performance.
Parallel Experimentation as Entrepreneurial Strategy: Effects on Innovativeness, Exit and Resourcing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Our study examines how experimenting with multiple businesses simultaneously can drive startup performance. We hypothesize that entrepreneurs who experiment with multiple businesses simultaneously face two interrelated tradeoffs: firstly, experimentation allows these so-called portfolio entrepreneurs to generate more innovative startups, but at the same time, they are more resource-constrained than their peers. Secondly, the startups of portfolio entrepreneurs underperform in the short run but, given the benefits of experimentation and selection, outperform their peers in the long run. To test our hypotheses, we use linked employer-employee data for Finnish entrepreneurs between 1995 and 2015. Our findings support our hypotheses and, as such, provide new insight into the drivers of entrepreneurial performance.
Health System Barriers and Predictors of Prenatal Care Utilization at a Large Academic Medical Center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Introduction Prenatal care (PNC) is one of the most utilized preventative services in the United States, and access to PNC is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. Despite known benefits, access to PNC is limited by psychosocial and health system barriers. Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities negatively impact access to prenatal care and maternal and fetal health. Methods In a medically underserved area, this study analyzed nine health system barriers to PNC using a mixed-methods approach. Over three months, postpartum women were surveyed. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for PNC utilization, pregnancy comorbidities and outcomes, and demographic information. Data underwent Fischer analyses, chi-squared analyses, and ANOVAs. Institutional Review Board-approved, participants consented for research and quality improvement, including medical record data use. Results Among 194 women, average reported barriers to PNC were 2.14, with “scheduling difficulty” (39.6%) and “work/school constraints” (30.2%) most common. Despite most women reporting a similar number of barriers, timing disparities based race and ethnicity, education, and income were observed. Hispanic women initiated PNC later than non-Hispanic White women (13w6d vs. 10w5d; p=0.009). Twelfth-grade education or less initiated PNC bachelor's degree holders (16w vs. 11w; p<0.001). Women who made <45k annually initiated later than >140k (13w3d vs. 9w1d; p=0.02). Conclusions Lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minority women exhibit delayed PNC start, linked to adverse outcomes. Noteworthy discrepancies within the surveyed cohorts, despite comparable reported barriers, hint at the existence of supplementary, interconnected obstacles specific to these women. Future efforts should tackle common issues to reduce socioeconomic disparities in pregnancy outcomes. Significance: Our results indicate the necessity for interventions aimed at enhancing timely and consistent prenatal care access.
Bioinspired Nano-Prodrug with Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Increased Therapeutic Efficiency

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery has a great potential to revolutionize cancer treatment by enhancing anticancer drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. Here, a bioinspired nano-prodrug (BiNp) assembled by an antineoplastic peptidic derivative (FA-KLA-Hy-DOX), a folate acid (FA)-incorporated proapoptotic peptide (KLAKLAK)(2) (KLA) to doxorubicin (DOX) via an acid-labile hydrozone bond (Hy) is constructed. The hydrophobic antineoplastic agent DOX is efficiently shielded in the core of nano-prodrug. With FA targeting moieties on the surface, the obtained BiNp shows significant tumor-targeting ability and enhances the specific uptake of cancer cells. Upon the trigger by the intracellular acidic microenvironment of endosomes, the antineoplastic agent DOX is released on-demand and promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells. Simultaneously, the liberated FA-KLA can induce the dysfunction of mitochondria and evoke mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo results show that the nano-prodrug BiNp with integrated programmed functions exhibits remarkable inhibition of tumor and achieves a maximized therapeutic efficiency with a minimized side effect.
Impact of Aging on Risk of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: As T1D patients routinely reach older age, more information is needed to understand the impact of aging on the risk of hypoglycemia and its interaction with other age-related issues. Methods: We evaluated 2 groups of patients with T1D: older (age &gt;65 years) and younger (age 18-35 years). All patients were subjected to either blinded CGM for 2 weeks or assessment of personal CGM. A hypoglycemia fear survey (HFS II), and a Clarke hypoglycemia unawareness survey were completed. Patients were also assessed for cognitive function by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Glycemic control was measured by A1C. Results: We evaluated 56 patients with T1D; 23 in the older and 33 in the younger group. The average age was 70 vs. 28 years; diabetes duration 36 vs. 14 years; A1C 8.0% vs. 7.9%, respectively. Clinically significant hypoglycemia (glucose ?54 mg/dL for &gt; 15 mins/episode) occurred equally in 91% of older (mean 28 minutes/day) and 88% of younger (mean 23 mins/day) patients. Older patients reported hypoglycemia unawareness more (39% vs. 30%), with similar scores on HSF II (34 vs. 33). However, 61% of older patients had cognitive impairment (MoCA score &lt;26) compared to 12% in younger adults. There was a higher comorbidity burden in older patients (average number of comorbidities 4 vs. 1), with a higher number of daily medications (10 vs. 4). Conclusion: The risk of hypoglycemia is similar in older and younger patients with T1D. However, higher incidence of comorbidities including cognitive dysfunction and polypharmacy may increase the risk of poor outcomes due to hypoglycemia. Disclosure M. Munshi: Consultant; Self; Sanofi. C. Slyne: None. A. Atakov-Castillo: None. J. Greenberg: None. T. Greaves: None. S.P. Carl: None. E. Toschi: None.
Impact of Succession Planning on Organizational Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research delves deeper into how succession planning contributes to an organization’s long-term success by ensuring a steady pipeline of capable leaders, fostering a culture of continuous talent development, and retaining valuable employees. By establishing clear pathways for leadership continuity, organizations can reduce disruptions during transitions, thereby maintaining operational stability. Furthermore, talent development through succession planning allows employees to acquire essential skills and competencies, enhancing their readiness to take on future leadership roles. Employee retention also plays a critical role, as well-supported succession planning tends to increase job satisfaction, loyalty, and motivation among employees. The data gathered through the structured questionnaire provides a comprehensive overview of these factors, illustrating the essential link between succession planning and organizational performance. This study, therefore, highlights that by investing in succession planning, organizations can not only secure their leadership future but also create a positive work environment that drives superior organizational outcomes.
An Innovative Approach to Safe Surgical Suturing Part I

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Non-invasive robotized surgery is nowadays largely in action for most interventions because of its very beneficial advantages in terms of patient health and material efficiency. However, the still recurrent problem of guaranteeing the quality of suturing action (ie. avoiding thread breaking) in all robotized interventions is recurrently impairing the overall results from this approach, mainly due to defective haptic information on threads available to the surgeons from the robot. To improve the efficiency of robot-surgeon collaboration, the problem of communicating relevant and reliable information on threads used by surgeons during suturing is addressed in present and subsequent papers. Here, an experimental setup reproducing the sequence of actions undertaken by a surgeon for a suture has been built-up. Main parameters are first identified and results are obtained for different types of threads according to a prescribed protocol. From them, the maximum strength and the maximum elongation of a suture before breaking during robotic surgery will be predicted by machine learning predictive analysis developed in Part II to help the surgeon by giving him a visual return during the operations.
Kinship as gift and theft: Acts of succession in Mayotte and Israel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT When kinship is viewed through the lens of succession rather than reproduction, conflict between siblings becomes salient and the gift of kinship can be experienced as theft. Developing an approach to kinship as ethically constituted through acts, I draw on the biblical story of Jacob and Esau to frame an account of succession in Mayotte that transpires in the register of spirit possession. This account follows the lives of two sisters I first described in this journal in 1988.
Relationship between the effect of cyclophosphamide on adjuvant arthritis severity, skin allograft rejection and spleen cell cytotoxic activity in rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyclophosphamide, which has a poor immunosuppressive effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats, evokes an aggravating form of the disease when applied at a single low dose before rats' sensitization with complete Freund's adjuvant. However, cyclophosphamide administered by this method of treatment has no such enhancement effect on skin allograft rejection reaction; on the contrary, the rejection reaction was inhibited. Spleen cell cytotoxic activity against 51-Cr labelled chondrocytes significantly decreased in adjuvant arthritis, while in skin allograft rejection it increased during the latent period before the rejection reaction appeared. The addition of cyclophosphamide to the rats' treatment decreased more strongly spleen cell cytotoxic activity, especially in rats with adjuvant arthritis. We conclude that cyclophosphamide-sensitive spleen cytotoxic cells are playing a dual role in the pathogenesis of these two cell-mediated immunological processes: as immunosuppressive regulatory cells in adjuvant arthritis and as effector cells in skin allograft rejection reaction.
Risk assessment of esophageal ulceration following left atrial radiofrequency linear ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Esophageal safety following radiofrequency (RF) left atrial (LA) linear ablation has not been established. To determine the esophageal safety profile of LA linear RF lesions, we performed systematic esophagogastroduodenoscopy in all patients with intraesophageal temperature rise (ITR) ≥ 38.5°C. Methods and Results Between December 2021 and July 2023, a total of 200 consecutive patients with atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) underwent linear ablation with posterior dome (roof or floor) or posterior mitral isthmus line transection. Patients with ITR ≥ 38.5°C were scheduled for esophageal endoscopy ~3 weeks after ablation. Patient and ATA characteristics, procedural parameters, endoscopy findings and ablation lesion data were collected and analyzed. One hundred thirty‐three out of 200 (67%) patients showed ITR ≥ 38.5°C during LA linear ablation. ITR (with maximal temperature of 45.7°C) was more frequently observed during floor line ablation (82% of cases). ITR was less observed during roof line ablation (34%) and posterior mitral isthmus ablation (4%). Endoscopy, performed in 115 patients after 24 ± 10 days, showed esophageal ulceration in four patients (two patients Kansas City classification [KCC] 2a and two patients KCC 2b). No patient showed esophageal perforation or fistula. Conclusion Temperature rise during LA linear ablation is frequent and ulceration risk exists, particularly when floor line is performed. Safety measures are needed to avoid potential severe complications like esophageal perforation and fistula.
Bayes Optimal Integration of Social and Endogenous Uncertainty in Numerosity Estimation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract One of the most prominent social influences on human decision making is conformity, which is even more prominent when the perceptual information is ambiguous. The Bayes optimal solution to this problem entails weighting the relative reliability of cognitive information and perceptual signals in constructing the percept from self‐sourced/endogenous and social sources, respectively. The current study investigated whether humans integrate the statistics (i.e., mean and variance) of endogenous perceptual and social information in a Bayes optimal way while estimating numerosities. Our results demonstrated adjustment of initial estimations toward group means only when group estimations were more reliable (or “certain”), compared to participants’ endogenous metric uncertainty. Our results support Bayes optimal social conformity while also pointing to an implicit form of metacognition.
Physical Simulation Environment for Arthroscopic Joint Irrigation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Good arthroscopic view is important to perform arthroscopic operations (minimally invasive surgery in joints) safely and fast. To obtain this, the joint is irrigated. However, optimal irrigation settings are not described. To study the complex clinical practice of irrigation, a physical simulation environment was developed that incorporates the main characteristics for performing arthroscopy. Its irrigation capacities were validated with patient data. The physical simulation environment consists of a specially designed knee phantom, all normally used arthroscopic equipment, and registration devices for two video streams, pressures, and flows. The physical embodiment of the knee phantom matches that of human knee joints during arthroscopic operations by the presence of important anatomic structures in sizes comparable to human knee joints, the presence of access portals, and the ability to stress the joint. The hydrostatic and hydrodynamic behavior of the knee phantom was validated with pressure and flow measurements documented during arthroscopic knee operations. Surgeons confirmed that the knee phantom imitated human knee joints sufficiently. The hydrostatic parameters of the knee phantom could be tuned within the range of the human knee joints (restriction: 0.0266–29.3 N s2/m8 versus 0.0143–1.22×1018 N s2/m8 and capacitance: 6.89 m5/N versus 7.50×10−9 m5/N). The hydrodynamic properties of the knee phantom were acceptably comparable to those of the human knee joints. The physical simulation environment enables realistic and conditioned experimental studies to optimize joint irrigation. The foundation has been laid for evaluation of other surgical instruments and of training of surgical skills.
Aesthetic Transcendence: Fashion's Evolution, Philosophical Reflections, and Societal Impact

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research paper explores the evolution of fashion from its utilitarian origins over 170,000 years ago to its contemporary role as a symbol of cultural expression and individual identity. Tracing the historical trajectory through ancient civilizations, the Renaissance era, and significant societal shifts post-World War II, the study highlights the dynamic interplay between culture, external forces, and fashion. It also delves into the commodification of beauty in the contemporary era, examining the persuasive techniques used by beauty brands in advertisements, such as leveraging emotional states to connect deeply with consumers. The global impact of beauty standards and the perpetuation of white-centric ideals are scrutinized, emphasizing influential figures like Marcus Garvey, who challenged these norms. The study sheds light on the beauty industry's promotion of skin-lightening and hair-straightening products, particularly in Asian markets, and offers philosophical reflections on these beauty standards. Engaging with the works of Hume, Kant, Santayana, and Schiller, the paper dissects the subjective and objective dimensions of beauty, including Hume's emphasis on pleasure and pain, Kant's categorization of beauty, Santayana's concept of objectified pleasure, and Schiller's influence on German Idealism. It culminates with an exploration of Jean Baudrillard's "Death of the Real," examining the implications of a society immersed in creating identities detached from objective reality. This paper weaves together the historical evolution of fashion, beauty brand strategies, and philosophical reflections on beauty, offering a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between aesthetics, identity, and societal perceptions.
Opportunities to learn scientific thinking in joint doctoral supervision

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research into doctoral supervision has increased rapidly over the last decades, yet our understanding of how doctoral students learn scientific thinking from supervision is limited. Most studies are based on interviews with little work being
reported that is based on observation of actual supervision. While joint supervision has become widely used, its learning dynamics remains under-researched and this paper aims to address these gaps in research by exploring learning opportunities in doctoral supervision with two supervisors. The study explores how the tensions in scientific discussion between supervisors can become learning opportunities. We combine two different theoretical perspectives, using participation and positioning theory as a sociocultural perspective and variation theory as an individual constructivist perspective on learning. Based on our analysis of a complex episode we suggest that multiple supervisors can add value to supervision through authentic practice of scientific argumentation.
Application of real option approach to investment decision-making of building projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research is to help building enterprise make plan and manage their strategy investment. Real option, as a new theoretical approach, is broadly applied in investment decision, finance management etc. In this paper the application of real options in building projects investment is discussed based on binomial tree model and B-S model which can improve the defect of traditional methods and make building projects investment become more reasonable.