jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Treatment Reduces the Levels of Advanced End Glycation Products in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Neuropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its macro- and microvascular complications are major health concerns with multiple factors, like advanced end glycation products (AGEs), in the background. AGEs induce long-lasting functional modification of the proteins and collagen in the vascular wall and nerve tissue. We investigated the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) treatment on AGEs, soluble AGE receptor (sRAGE), the AGE/sRAGE ratio, and the parameters of endothelial dysfunction and their correlations. Methods: In our 6-month intervention study, 54 T2DM patients with neuropathy treated according to the actual therapeutic guidelines with unchanged oral antidiabetic drugs were included and treated by daily oral administration of 600 mg ALA. A total of 24 gender and age-matched T2DM patients without neuropathy served as controls. Results: In our work, we first demonstrated the attenuating effect of alpha lipoic acid therapy on AGEs in humans (11.89 (9.44–12.88) to 10.95 (9.81–12.82) AU/μg (p = 0.017)). sRAGE levels or the AGEs/sRAGE ratio were not affected by ALA treatment or by the presence of neuropathy. We found a correlation between the changes of AGEs and the improvement of current perception threshold and progranulin levels, and an inverse correlation with the change of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Conclusions: According to our results, ALA decreases AGEs, which may contribute to the clinically well-known beneficial effect in diabetic neuropathy and improvement of endothelial function.
A novel motility effect of tachykinins in normal and inflamed colon

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The role of tachykinins in stimulating phasic and giant migrating contractions (GMCs) in the normal and inflamed colon in conscious dogs was investigated by close-intra-arterial infusions of test substances. At low doses (0.1 nmol), substance P and neurokinin (NK1) receptor agonist ([Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P] stimulated phasic contractions only. At higher doses (2.0 nmol), they stimulated phasic contractions and GMCs. The phasic contractions were blocked partially but significantly by prior close-intra-arterial infusions of tetrodotoxin and atropine but not by hexamethonium. NK1 receptor antagonist partially but significantly inhibited the phasic contractile response to substance P, whereas NK2 and NK3 receptor antagonists had no significant effect. The contractile response to NK2 receptor agonist was less than one-half of the response to substance P; NK3 receptor agonist did not stimulate any contractile activity. The stimulation of GMCs by higher doses of substance P was not blocked by prior infusions of atropine, tetrodotoxin, or NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptor antagonists, nor was the contractile response to substance P blocked by H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. Inflammation depressed the phasic contractile response but enhanced the stimulation of GMCs by substance P. The ability of substance P to stimulate GMCs is novel and suggests its potential role in increasing the frequency of these contractions during colonic inflammation.
Dual effects of precipitation and evaporation on lake water stable isotope composition in the monsoon region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present the results of a 3‐year monitoring programme of the stable isotope composition of lake water and precipitation at Taozi Lake, in the East Asian monsoon region of China. Our aims were to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of variation of stable isotopes in a small closed‐basin lake and to quantitatively determine the impacts of precipitation and evaporation on the stable isotope composition of lake water under a humid monsoon climate. In the time domain, the stable oxygen isotopic ratio of the lake water ( δ 18 O L ) exhibited substantial seasonal and interannual variations, but the isotope variations between different precipitation events substantially exceeded seasonal and interannual variations. Compared with the stable isotopes in precipitation, δ 18 O L was substantially positive and d L was negative. In the space domains, the lake water was homogeneously mixed. Indicated by statistic analyses, precipitation plays a dominant role in dynamic of the lake stable isotope during precipitation events of relatively large magnitude, whereas the effect of evaporation is dominant during smaller precipitation events. Results advance our understanding of the stable isotope change rule in the process of lake water evaporation, and it is helpful to identify the climatic significance recorded in stable isotopic compositions of lake bottom sediments.
Glycogen metabolism and the nuclear envelope-annulate lamella system in the early chick embryo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The intracellular sites of glycogen degradation in the mid to late uterine chick embryo were determined by cytochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase at the ultrastructural level. Enzyme activity was found between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope, in the annulate lamellae and in specialized glycogen-containing membrane scrolls. Annulate lamellae and glycogen scrolls were most frequent during the stages of intensive glycogen degradation. Annulate lamellae appear to be formed from the nuclear envelope. During the early post-laying stages annulate lamellae disappeared and were replaced by endoplasmic reticulum that appeared initially in scroll-like formations.
Characterization and fractionation of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG from COVID-19 convalescent and post-vaccine group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the method for characterization and fractionation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG specific from convalescent COVID-19 patients, post-inactive, and post-mRNA vaccines Patients and methods: The procedures include blood sample collection, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG content screening, IgG fractionation, and validate specific IgG. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the significance value of SARS-CoV-2 IgG presence in each sample group. Results: The results showed that the post-mRNA vaccine samples had the highest levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Furthermore, the validation was confirmed to be specific to SARS-CoV-2 IgG, as indicated by the heavy and light chains marked at ~50kDa and 25kDa, respectively. Conclusion: A significant difference between the SARS-CoV-2 IgG content between the three sample groups is indicated by a P value of 0.0043.
Oral microbiome in human health and diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The oral cavity contains the second‐largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases—not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth—such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.
Alteration of Glutamyltranspeptidase Binding Proteins in Postmortem Brains of Heroin Addicts

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Glutamyltranspeptidase binding (G) proteins play an important role in intracellular signal transduction downstream from many receptors, including opioid receptors. Moreover, it was recently reported that the β‐subunits of G proteins, in addition to the α‐subunits, regulate effector pathways. In this study, membrane G protein immunoreactivity was estimated by Western blotting with polyclonal antibodies (RM/1, AS/7, GC/2, QL, and SW/1) against specific G proteins (Gαs, Gαi‐1,2, Gαo, Gαq, and Gβ, respectively) in postmortem temporal cortex obtained from 6 heroin addicts and 6 control subjects without a history of drug abuse. Immunoreactivities of the Gβ‐subunit increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in heroin addicts, compared with controls, and that of Gαi‐1,2 tended to increase in heroin addicts. Present findings suggest that the alterations in G protein‐mediated signal transduction may be involved in the mechanism of opiate addiction.
Antibacterial Activity of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Fruits against Selective bacterial Pathogens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is an edible and medicinal fruit distributed in Tirunelveli, India. The antibacterial activities of the extracts of water, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol were assayed by the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the extracts from Noni fruit possessed antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among 5 different extracts, the Butanol extract produced the best antibacterial activity. The samples were first extracted by ethanol, and the primary compounds in the fraction of ethanol extract Butanol extract was further isolated and identified. Six phenolic compounds, including 5, 15-dimethylmorindol, ferulic acid, p-hydroxycinamic acid, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, methyl ferulate, and methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate, were identified by NMR. The results indicated that the phenolic compounds might significantly contribute to antibacterial activities of Noni fruit. Keywords: antibacterial activity, isolation and identification, Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit
Comparison of Potentials of Higher Plants for Phytoremediation of Radioactive Cesium from Contaminated Soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sixteen plant species were tested for their potential to remove radioactive cesium from contaminated soil with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. There was a large difference of transfer factor (TF) of radiocesium (137Cs) from the soil to plants. Among the examined plants, Hollyhock belonging to Malvaceae showed the highest TF but the efficiency of phytoremediation, such as total 137Cs absorption of a plant or 137Cs removal from unit area, was not proportionally high. According to the evaluation criteria (uptake of 137Cs per plant and/or area), Kochia was shown to be the best plant species among 16 plants investigated here. Analysis of correlation showed that there was positive relationship between the total 137Cs absorption and plant biomass, and contribution rate of plant biomass in total 137Cs uptake by plant was scored to be 91.3%. These results indicate that selection of plant species that shows high biomass on site is important for 137Cs-targeted phytoremediation rather than the plants' ability in 137Cs-uptake. On the other hand, our results also suggested that the TF value should be considered in order to evaluate the plant ability for 137Cs-targeted phytoremediation. From this point of view, the present study suggests that field-grown Kochia could be used as a potential candidate plant for phytoremediation of 137Cs from soil.
Occlusion of the pancreatic duct versus pancreaticojejunostomy: a prospective randomized trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Using a prospective randomized study to assess postoperative \n morbidity and pancreatic function after pancreaticoduodenectomy with \n pancreaticojejunostomy and duct occlusion without pancreaticojejunostomy. \n SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Postoperative complications after \n pancreaticoduodenectomy are largely due to leakage of the \n pancreaticoenterostomy. Pancreatic duct occlusion without anastomosis of \n the pancreatic remnant may prevent these complications. METHODS: A \n prospective randomized study was performed in a nonselected series of 169 \n patients with suspected pancreatic and periampullary cancer. In 86 \n patients the pancreatic duct was occluded without anastomosis to \n pancreatic remnant, and in 83 patients a pancreaticojejunostomy was \n performed after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Postoperative complications were \n the endpoint of the study. All relevant data concerning patient \n demographics and postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as \n endocrine and exocrine function were analyzed. At 3 and 12 months after \n surgery, evaluation of weight loss, stools, and the use of antidiabetics \n and pancreatic enzyme was repeated. RESULTS: Patient characteristics were \n comparable in both groups. There were no differences in median blood loss, \n duration of operation, and hospital stay. No significant difference was \n noted in postoperative complications, mortality, and e
Framework for Sustainability Metrics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents the application of a new framework for sustainability metrics to industrial processes, in particular, to chemical processes. The sustainability of an industrial process can be evaluated using a set of three-dimensional (3D) indicators that represent all three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, and societal. The four 3D metrics proposed in this worknamely, material intensity, energy intensity, potential chemical risk, and potential environmental impactare applicable to a wide range of process systems. The first two metrics are associated with the process operation. The remaining two metrics, potential chemical risk and potential environmental impact, respectively represent chemical risk to human health in the process environment, and the potential environmental impact of the process on the surrounding environment. To illustrate this framework and the applicability of the proposed set of 3D metrics, two case studies are presented: chlorine production process using three different alternatives (membrane, diaphragm, and mercury cells), and the separation of an acetone/chloroform mixture by two different solvents (benzene and methyl-n-pentyl-ether). Results of this study show that this framework can be effective in selecting the more-sustainable process by comparing process alternatives.
Nonsurgical endodontic management of cutaneously draining odontogenic sinus.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is a rare but well documented condition. It is usually misdiagnosed as a local skin lesion and maltreated by systemic antibiotics and/or surgical excision with eventual recurrence. This is because the primary etiology is incorrectly determined. We came across a 38 year old patient who presented with a cutaneous lesion on her left cheek with frequent purulent discharge and was not responding to systemic antibiotics. The case history, diagnosis and management of this condition is presented here.
Recent Trends in Faculty Governance and Its Overall Impact on Work Life, Job Satisfaction and Faculty Retention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent decades show an emerging trend of shortened job duration by those who serve in leadership positions within the university or college campus setting. Current research indicates that the relationship between university faculty and administrators is a subject that would benefit from further investigation. This study attempts to illuminate and understand perceptions about this relationship of five different faculty members, each from the same department within a land grant university, located in the northwest region of the United States. To do this a descriptive methodological approach is employed that allowed the researchers to examine and reveal the perceptions, insights, and opinions of the participants. By discerning and evaluating the elements that contribute to a positive collegial work environment through an interview process results of this research will be used to inform those who have a vested interest in faculty-administrator relationships. It will provide a guide to follow when setting out to establish and implement policy and procedures that may be used to improve professional culture and climate within the respective schools or departments. It makes fiscal sense for those in leadership roles to work diligently toward retaining and sustaining highly trained professionals and minimize both faculty and administrative turnover within the university setting.
Dynamic testing of masonry arch bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study examines the dynamic testing of masonry arch bridges to determine structural condition. Three masonry arch bridges were tested using seismometers and LVDTs to measure the responses. The bridges were loaded using calibration trucks, random traffic, and a drop-weight device. The use of vibration velocities, intensities, and frequencies were used to determine the condition of the bridges. The vibration studies are simple to conduct, but the longitudinal crack present in the Stony Brook Bridge was undetected by the vibration testing. The other two structures showed very large vibrations in a structure with no visible damage. Theses vibrations could indicate large cracks in the structure causing a separation of the arch ring. This shows the promise of using vibration testing to determine the position of localized damage in less complex masonry arch bridges.
COMMENTS AND RESPONSES Influence of Flickering Light on the Retinal Vessels in Diabetic Patients Response to Nguyen, Cheung, and

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

W e thank Wong et al. (1) for theirinterest in our study (2) in whichwe showed that retinal vessels in diabetic patients with increasing stages of diabetic retinopathy experience a contin-uously decreasing response to flickering light. We believe that the issue raised by Wong et al. is very important. The study by Nguyen et al. (3) showed that arteriolar and venular cali-bers are structurally larger in patients with diabetes. In this study, retinal vessel diameter was measured from digital reti-nal photographs, a static vessels analysis. As previous studies showed the re-duced autoregulation of retinal vessels in diabetic patients without visible signs of
Endometrial adenocarcinoma coexisting with an intrauterine pregnancy: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare case of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium discovered during curettage for incomplete abortion was presented and 12 similar cases in the literature were reviewed. In 7 of the 12 patients, a complication of pregnancy led to the discovery of the tumor. In the remaining five, the pregnancy occurred in patients known to have endometrial carcinoma. Most of the cases were well differentiated and minimally invading the myometrium. The pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were described.
Advice Generation using Fuzzy Logic in OMR Pheonix Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical Mark Recognition is the technique used to scan a marked paper to detect the presence or absence of the mark in a predetermined position.Problem with the OMR technique lies is that, it cannot process thin papers and low printing precision answer sheets.OMR Pheonix technique overcomes the limitations of OMR process that were presented in our previous paper [8].It scans the hard copies of papers which are designed and marked in a specific format and saves that scanned copy in JPEG format, then identifies the responses marked from the JPEG image and stores the result in a database.This paper aims to provide the concept of Fuzzy logic based Advice generator which would be used to give advice to the faculty on the basis of feedback (taken using OMR Pheonix technique) provided by the students.
Trading of Ethnomedicinal Plants in the Indian Arid Zone

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Trading of ethno-medicillal plants in the Indian arid zone has been studied in the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur. Of 682 species reported in the Indian arid zone, 131 have been found to be of ethno-medieinal value. Of these, 41 species are collected and sold within Indian arid zone market. Large inter- and intra-district variation in sale prices was found. Of the top 20 species in domestic trade, 12 are from this area. Variation up to five times in their rate vis-a-vis western Rajasthan has been found. It has been concluded that 23 species can be prioritised for cultivation on large scale. Standardisation of product and price support are urgently required to promote herbal cultivation in western Rajasthan.
Abstract 251: Selective Deletion of Smad4 in Smooth Muscle Cells Causes Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TGFβ signaling have been implicated in the onset of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). Recently, it has been described that mutations in SMAD4, an intracellular transducer required in the TGFβ canonical pathway, present aortic disease in humans. Although transgenic models recapitulating mutations of TGFβ pathway have been studied, Smad4 role in the onset of TAA has never been explored. Smad4 homozygotes mice are embryonically lethal, thus, we postnatally targeted the gene, using a tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible Cre recombinase under the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoter. Activation by TAM suppressed Smad4 in aorta SMCs of Smadf/f;Myh11-CreERT2 mice. We found that, most of these mice died 4/6 months later from hemothorax due to rupture of thoracic aorta, while untreated mice survived. Echocardiography showed a progressive dilation of aorta and TAA formation. Histology revealed progressive fragmentation of elastic lamellae with increased inflammatory infiltrates at sites of disarrangement, rich in macrophages. At the molecular level, we found that lack of Smad4 was followed by increased levels of PSmad2 and PSmad1/5/8 early after TAM, suggesting an enhancement of TGFβ receptors activity, a condition that could increase non-canonical TGFβ signaling, the canonical one being depressed. We actually found a significant increase in one of the non-canonical TGFβ signaling, i.e. the p65 subunit of NFkB, a protein complex controlling DNA transcription and involved in regulating responses to different stress stimuli, including cytokines. Given the particular relevance that the latter molecules may have in TAA, we tested expression of some of them, finding a selective IL-1β upregulation, produced and stored in cells as an inactive precursor and released in its active form by caspase-1 cleavage. In turn, caspase-1 requires NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein platform that assembles in response to infection and tissue damage and is responsible for activation of inflammatory caspases. Therefore, we also tested NLRP3 mRNA levels and found them to be significantly upregulated. We demonstrated for the first time that selective Smad4 deletion in the SMC of adult mice is sufficient to induce ultrastructural damage and immune reaction culminating in the onset of TAA.