jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ship resistance in random ice field of small ice floes made of the substitute material

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ObjectivesThis study focuses on the feasibility of a ship resistance model test in an ice field of small ice floes made of substitute material in order to reveal the resistance components and thereby provide technical support for the design of ice-going ships. MethodsShip resistance test in ice floes made of polypropylene (PP) instead of natural refrigerated ice is conducted. By adjusting the sizes, shapes, numbers of ice floes, the random ice field with a given concentration is generated. The geometric phase transition theory predicts that there exists a critical concentration which divides the random ice field into discrete phase (concentration is less than critical value) and connected phase (concentration is greater than critical value).ResultsThe main components of ice resistance in the discrete phase are open water resistance and ship-ice collision resistance, while ice resistance in the connected phase includes ice friction resistance, open water friction resistance and collision resistance. If the fractal dimension of the random ice field is used to redefine the ice resistance coefficient, it is nearly constant in the trial range (speed 0.3–0.9 m/s) when the concentration is smaller than the critical value. When the concentration is greater than the critical value, the ice friction resistance is inversely proportional to speed. ConclusionsPolypropylene can replace frozen ice in the prediction of ice resistance. The pure ice resistance of an ice field is divided into two components: ice resistance arising from collision and ice friction resistance arising from accumulation.
Managing Freedom. Family Discourse on Children's Urban Autonomy in a Copenhagen Housing Cooperative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on ethnographic fieldwork among six middle‐class families in a Copenhagen housing cooperative, this article explores cultural ideologies of childhood, parenting, and individual freedom in Scandinavia as evoked in daily negotiations between parents and children. Combining language socialisation studies of family discourse and anthropological parenting studies, the analyses show how children seek to utilise adults' ambiguities on parenting, safety, and autonomy to their own advantages.
Phylogenetic analysis of wheat cultivars in Kazakhstan based on the wheat 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism array

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The recent introduction of Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays is an important step towards comprehensive genome-wide studies of genetic diversity in wheat. In this study, 90 cultivars of hexaploid spring wheat growing in Kazakhstan were genotyped using the high-density wheat 90 K Illumina SNP array. The analysis allowed the identification of 30,288 polymorphic SNPs. A subset of 3541 high-quality SNPs were used for a comparison of 690 wheat accessions representing landraces and varieties, including those from Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Kazakhstan, USA and other parts of the world. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear separation of wheat cultivars according to their geographic origin. In the phylogenetic tree, accessions from Kazakhstan and the USA formed two neighbouring clusters with a common node, and they were distinct from accessions from other regions of the world, including Europe. The results provide important new insights into the genetic relationships between diverse wheat accessions.
Joining the PARty: PARP Regulation of KDM5A during DNA Repair (and Transcription?)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The lysine demethylase KDM5A collaborates with PARP1 and the histone variant macroH2A1.2 to modulate chromatin to promote DNA repair. Indeed, KDM5A engages poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) chains at damage sites through a previously uncharacterized coiled‐coil domain, a novel binding mode for PAR interactions. While KDM5A is a well‐known transcriptional regulator, its function in DNA repair is only now emerging. Here we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate this PARP1‐macroH2A1.2‐KDM5A axis in DNA damage and consider the potential involvement of this pathway in transcription regulation and cancer. Using KDM5A as an example, we discuss how multifunctional chromatin proteins transition between several DNA‐based processes, which must be coordinated to protect the integrity of the genome and epigenome. The dysregulation of chromatin and loss of genome integrity that is prevalent in human diseases including cancer may be related and could provide opportunities to target multitasking proteins with these pathways as therapeutic strategies.
The time and location of the acrosome reaction during sperm transport in the female rabbit

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motile spermatozoa with lifted or absent acrosomal caps (“reacted acrosomes”) were observed by phase contrast microscopy exclusively in the oviduct of the rabbit reproductive tract during the first 16 hours post coitum (p.c.). They were first identified at six hours p.c. in flushings from the lower isthmus of the oviduct and were present in both the lower and upper isthmus two hours later. Motile spermatozoa with reacted acrosomes appeared in the lower ampulla (the site of fertilization) at ten hours p.c. Such spermatozoa were obtained from all regions of the oviduct at 12 and 16 hours p.c. but they always constituted a minority of the freely swimming spermatozoa recovered. The percentage of spermatozoa with activated motility was higher following the acrosome reaction, and their apparent swimming speeds were lower than those of intact spermatozoa. The role of ovulation in the induction of acrosome reactions was studied in females artificially inseminated per vaginam (AI), with or without the induction of ovulation, and in females mated either two hours before or two hours after ovulation. The proportion of motile spermatozoa with reacted acrosomes in the isthmus and ampulla of non‐ovulatory females 12 hours after AI was similar to their proportions in these regions 12 hours after mating or 12 hours after AI with induced ovulation. Four hours after delayed matings, i.e., two or six hours after ovulation, motile spermatozoa were confined to the tubal isthmus and none had undergone the acrosome reaction. These findings indicate that the products of ovulation and the endocrine changes associated with ovulation in the rabbit need not be directly involved in the induction of the acrosome reaction in vivo.
School children with neuropsychological handicap: coping strategies and parents' impact.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

One hundred forty six boys (mean age 9 years 1 months, SD = two years, nine months) and forty one girls (mean age 8 years 6 months, SD = three years, three months) received medical, developmental, psychoeducational, and psychiatric evaluations in a multidisciplinary developmental pediatric clinic. Two hundred fifty variables were analyzed by developing ten scales to quantitatively evaluate neuropsychological risk factors, family and parent functioning, and outcome measures of academic achievement, social adjustment and coping or psychiatric symptom pattern. Higher academic achievement, and lower behavioral symptomatology were associated with high IQ scores but not with higher scores on neurobehavioral risk factors. Chief complaints reported by parents did not correlate with their children's final psychiatric diagnoses and also were found to be independent of children's coping styles observed in the office. Problem parenting, as observed in the pediatrician's office, was associated with behavioral problems, and also with decreased competence on language measures and lower academic achievement in relation to IQ. In this sample, assessing parenting yielded a stronger prediction of the child's school and behavioral functioning than did taking a detailed history of neuropsychological risk factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Natural Product Inspired Pyrano‐Carbazole Derivatives: Strategic Utilization of Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction, Fischer Indolization and the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Starting from 1,3‐diones, styrene derivatives, and formaldehyde the three‐step title sequence provides architecturally complex pyrano‐carbazole derivatives without the requirement of lengthy protective group strategies.
Sheathing the Sword: The U.N. Secretary-General and the Prevention of International Conflict, by Thomas E. Boudreau

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Foreword by James S. Sutterlin Preface A Paradoxical Peace Article 99: The Option and the Obligation The Struggle to Know and to Say: Trygve Lie The Struggle Continues: Dag Hammarskjold Thant and Waldheim: The Struggle Ebbs The Struggle Renewed: Javier Perez de Cuellar Reform and Renewal Watchman of the Peace: The Theoretical Stages of the Secretary-General's Preventive Role Global Watch: Towards a Comprehensive System of Conflict Identification A Modest Proposal: Improving the Inputs An Ounce of Prevention: Enhancing Third-Party Intervention Satellite Diplomacy: An Analysis of UN Communications A UN Multilateral War Risk Reduction Center Epilogue: A Preventive Partnership Appendix I : Chapter XV of the UN Charter Appendix II: Protecting the Innocent PRISM Project Select Bibliography
Distribution of Carbohydrates On the Cuticle of Several Developmental Stages of Meloidogyne Javanica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The distribution of carbohydrates on the surface of developmental stages of Meloidogyne javanica was examined using FITC-labelled lectins. The entire surface of the female cuticle bound Concanavalin A (Con A) strongly and, to a lesser degree, the other lectins, suggesting the presence of mannose/glucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, D-galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues. Some lectins bound to specific regions of the nematode. Con A bound to all the stages tested indicating the predominance of mannose/glucose sugars on M. javanica. Second stage juveniles (J2) which had just emerged from roots exhibited a higher affinity to Con A than J2s which had just hatched, while older hatched J2s exhibited a greater affinity for Con A, and a lower affinity to wheat germ (WGA), Tetragonolobus purpureus agglutinin (TPA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) and Vicia aillosa agglutinin (VVA). Percentage fluorescence intensity was determined for all stages tested. Galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine were also present on the gelatinous matrix and eggshells. This was confirmed by the RCA, Phaseolus limensis agglutinin (PLA) and VVA binding and was tested against sugar specificity.
SPARTINA SPECIES ZONATION ALONG AN ESTUARINE GRADIENT IN GEORGIA: EXPLORING MECHANISMS CONTROLLING DISTRIBUTION by

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The general paradigm for the observed plant zonation in salt marshes is that a combination of abiotic stress and competition drive vegetation patterns within a single marsh, but there have been few studies investigating the bankside vegetation changes that occur along the longitudinal salinity gradient of estuaries. The main objectives of the research presented in this dissertation were to examine whether the same controls that explain the distribution of Spartina alterniflora in the salt marsh can be applied without modification to a longitudinal salinity gradient and to evaluate changes in Spartina distributions under drought conditions. Reciprocal transplant studies, greenhouse experiments, species removals in mixed Spartina stands, and vegetation surveys were conducted in the estuary of the Altamaha River, GA, where S. cynosusroides occurs upstream of S. alterniflora. In reciprocal transplant experiments, each plant survived and performed best in its natural habitat. The presence of conspecific neighbors slightly reduced S. alterniflora plant performance in the salt marsh whereas S. cynosuroides showed little response in either environment. The results of these and other experiments
Interaction of marine geodesy, satellite technology and ocean physics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The possible applications of satellite technology in marine geodesy and geodetic related ocean physics were investigated. Four major problems were identified in the areas of geodesy and ocean physics: (1) geodetic positioning and control establishment; (2) sea surface topography and geoid determination; (3) geodetic applications to ocean physics; and (4) ground truth establishment. It was found that satellite technology can play a major role in their solution. For solution of the first problem, the use of satellite geodetic techniques, such as Doppler and C-band radar ranging, is demonstrated to fix the three-dimensional coordinates of marine geodetic control if multi-satellite passes are used. The second problem is shown to require the use of satellite altimetry, along with accurate knowledge of ocean-dynamics parameters such as sea state, ocean tides, and mean sea level. The use of both conventional and advanced satellite techniques appeared to be necessary to solve the third and fourth problems.
PREPARATION AND SOME CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK‐CLOTTING PROTEASE FROM BACILLUS MESENTERICUS 76

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pure milk‐clotting protease (MCP‐76) is isolated by isotachophoresis at pH 5.0. The native molecule has only one protein chain. It is a metaloenzyme containing zinc. The pure MCP‐76 has a molecular weight of 33 000 (± 1500) and by diphenyl‐indenonyl‐isothiocyanate method showed arginine as N‐terminal amino acid.
Response to Editor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper is the second in a two-part study on lubrication in wind turbine main-bearings. Where “Part 1” provided an introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, this paper will apply those ideas to investigate lubrication in the double-row spherical roller main-bearing of a 1.5 MW wind turbine. Lubrication is investigated across a “contact conditions dataset” generated by inputting processed loads, obtained from aeroelastic simulations, into a Hertzian contact model of the main-bearing. From the Hertzian model is extracted values of roller load and contact patch dimensions, along with the time rate-of-change of contact patch dimensions. Also included in the dataset are additional environmental and operational variable values (e.g. wind speeds and shaft rotational speeds). A suitable formula for estimating film thickness within this particular bearing is then identified. Using lubricant properties of a commercially available wind turbine grease, specifically marketed for use in main-bearings, an analysis of film thickness across the generated dataset is undertaken. The analysis includes consideration of effects relating to starvation, grease thickener interactions and possible dynamic EHL effects. Results show that the modelled main-bearing would be expected to operate under mixed lubrication conditions for a non-negligible proportion of its operational life, indicating that further work is required to better understand lubrication in this context and implications for main-bearing damage and operational lifetimes. Key sensitivities and uncertainties within the analysis are discussed, along with recommendations for future work.
In Silico Analysis of Regulatory Elements of the Vitamin D Receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcription factor that controls gene expression. Its impaired expression was found to be related to different diseases. VDR also acts as a regulator of different pathways including differentiation, inflammation, calcium and phosphate absorption, etc. but there is no sufficient knowledge about the regulation of the gene itself. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors regulating the VDR may facilitate the improvement of strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of VDR. In the present investigation, a set of databases and methods were used to identify putative functional elements in the VDR locus. Histone modifications, CpG Islands, epigenetic marks at VDR locus were indicated. In addition, repeated sequences, enhancers, insulators, transcription factor binding sites and targets of the VDR gene, as well as protein-protein interactions with bioinformatics tools, were reported. Some of these genetic elements had overlapped with CpG Islands. These results revealed important new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the VDR gene regulation in human cells and tissues.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus PRRI006444

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: DINORADO
Conserved by: Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: PRRI006444
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2006-12-03
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Annex 1 crop
Suboptimal antenatal care implicated in half of stillbirths

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Suboptimal antenatal care might have contributed to the outcome in up to half of stillbirths recorded in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland during 1996 and 1997, says a report published last week by the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy.

The eighth annual report—published as part of enquiry's ongoing remit to identify areas of suboptimal care contributing to the deaths of babies between 20 weeks' gestation and 1 year of age—showed that stillbirth remained the commonest category of death …
Exploring the contributions of open data intermediaries for a sustainable open data ecosystem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Open data promises various benefits, including stimulating innovation, improving transparency and public decision-making, and enhancing the reproducibility of scientific research. Nevertheless, numerous studies have highlighted myriad challenges related to preparing, disseminating, processing, and reusing open data, with newer studies revealing similar issues to those identified a decade prior. Several researchers have proposed the open data ecosystem (ODE) as a lens for studying and devising interventions to address these issues. Since actors in the ecosystem are individually and collectively impacted by the sustainability of the ecosystem, all have a role in tackling the challenges in the ODE. This paper asks what the contributions of open data intermediaries may be in addressing these challenges. Open data intermediaries are third-party actors providing specialized resources and capabilities to (i) enhance the supply, flow, and/or use of open data and/or (ii) strengthen the relationships among various open data stakeholders. They are critical in ensuring the flow of resources within the ODE. Through semi-structured interviews and a validation exercise in the European Union context, this study explores the potential contribution of open data intermediaries and the specific ODE challenges they may address. This study identified 20 potential contributions, addressing 27 challenges. The findings of this study pave the way for further inquiry into the internal incentives (viable business models) and external incentives (policies and regulations) to direct the contributions of open data intermediaries toward addressing challenges in the ODE.
α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase Work in Tandem To Modulate the Antioxidant α-Ketoglutarate during Oxidative Stress in Pseudomonas fluorescens

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT α-Ketoglutarate (KG) is a crucial metabolite in all living organisms, as it participates in a variety of biochemical processes. We have previously shown that this keto acid is an antioxidant and plays a key role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In an effort to further confirm this intriguing phenomenon, Pseudomonas fluorescens was exposed to menadione-containing media, with various amino acids as the sources of nitrogen. Here, we demonstrate that KG dehydrogenase (KGDH) and NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) work in tandem to modulate KG homeostasis. While KGDH was sharply decreased in cells challenged with menadione, GDH was markedly increased in cultures containing arginine (Arg), glutamate (Glu), and proline (Pro). When ammonium (NH 4 ) was utilized as the nitrogen source, both KGDH and GDH levels were diminished. These enzymatic profiles were reversed when control cells were incubated in menadione media. 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography studies revealed how KG was utilized to eliminate ROS with the concomitant formation of succinate. The accumulation of KG in the menadione-treated cells was dependent on the redox status of the lipoic acid residue in KGDH. Indeed, the treatment of cellular extracts from the menadione-exposed cells with dithiothreitol, a reducing agent, partially restored the activity of KGDH. Taken together, these data reveal that KG is pivotal to the antioxidative defense strategy of P. fluorescens and also point to the ROS-sensing role for KGDH.
Sikap Bangga Menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Komunikasi Sehari-Hari

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The proud attitude of using Indonesian in daily communication is a manifestation of awareness of national identity and the importance of language as a unifying tool. In the context of globalization, Indonesian not only functions as a symbol of pride and nationalism, but also reflects the identity of a nation that is rich in cultural and linguistic diversity. As the country's official language, Indonesian has a significant role in building national unity and identity, as well as respecting existing cultural heritage. Apart from that, there are challenges and problems that can hinder the development of an attitude of being proud to speak Indonesian, such as education and differences in attitudes in various groups based on age and social background. Therefore, it is important to identify driving factors that can increase public awareness and understand existing social dynamics. Thus, this research uses a qualitative descriptive method, this research is very suitable for discussing the proud attitude of using Indonesian in everyday communication, because it can explore the nuances and complexities that exist behind this phenomenon. This research can also contribute to the development of linguistic and social theories related to identity, culture and communication. The research results can be used to enrich the literature on the relationship between language and national identity.