jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Replica approach to the generalized Rosenzweig-Porter model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The generalized Rosenzweig-Porter model with real (GOE) off-diagonal entries arguably constitutes the simplest random matrix ensemble displaying a phase with fractal eigenstates, which we characterize here by using replica methods. We first derive analytical expressions for the average spectral density in the limit in which the size N N of the matrix is large but finite. We then focus on the number of eigenvalues in a finite interval and compute its cumulant generating function as well as the level compressibility, i.e., the ratio of the first two cumulants: these are useful tools to describe the local level statistics. In particular, the level compressibility is shown to be described by a universal scaling function, which we compute explicitly, when the system is probed over scales of the order of the Thouless energy. Interestingly, the same scaling function is found to describe the level compressibility of the complex (GUE) Rosenzweig-Porter model in this regime. We confirm our results with numerical tests.
Takeda considers a takeover of Shire

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Takeda Pharmaceutical says it is considering making a takeover offer for Shire, well-known for its rare disease and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs. Takeda says the move would reinforce its oncology, gastrointestinal, and neuroscience drug programs. Shire's shares soared 18% on the news. Shire, whose market capitalization is more than $45 billion—slightly higher than Takeda's—says it has yet to receive an offer from the Japanese firm.
International Collaboration Among Social Science Scholars: Opportunities to Bridge Institutional Goals of Internationalization with Faculty Research Agendas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Faculty of universities throughout the world form scholarly networks to exchange ideas, research, and build a knowledge infrastructure that supports the scholarly activities for their subject discipline. Merton describes this phenomenon in his theory of the Sociology of Knowledge as a social organization of scientific research in which “groups organize around distinct subject orientation (Merton, 1968).” Many higher education scholars have written about the ongoing challenges that universities face in their efforts to internationalize. Although internationalization is a common institutional priority, many universities are unable to accomplish the unilateral involvement of their faculty in international initiatives. One strategy aimed at increasing faculty participation in international initiatives involves bridging individual research agendas with the institutional mission to internationalize (Childress, 2010). The ultimate goal of this research was to inform the development of institutional policies and programs aimed at encouraging faculty to participate in collaborative research projects with their international colleagues. This research was focused on individual social science scholars who were involved in international collaborative research projects that resulted in a co-authored article. One aspect of the research concentrated on understanding the scholar’s motivation for participating in the international collaboration. Additionally, the research gathered data related to university research policies including funding for participation in international collaborative projects and the value of participation in international collaborations related to the tenure and promotion review. This research incorporated the cross sectional survey design of quantitative methodology. The unit of analysis was an individual social science scholar involved in a specific international collaborative research project that resulted in a co-authored article published in a scholarly journal. Descriptive statistics along with an explanatory regression model were developed. The results of this study may be used to develop institutional research policy aimed at expanding faculty research activities associated with international research collaboration and co-authorship thereby enabling universities to advance towards their institutional missions and goals related to internationalization.
Rendering of cucumber leaves based on pigments concentration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rendering realistic plant leaves requires both advanced computer graphics technology and strong hardware support.In this study,we introduced a method for rendering cucumber leaves based on the concentration of chlorophyll a,b and carotene.The mathematical model between cucumber leaves color components and different pigment concentrations was established based on images and pigment concentration acquisited from cucumber leaves,which was verified by root-mean-square error(RMSE).The results showed that the imitative effect was promising as the RMSE between the observed values(R,G,B) and simulated vales(R,G,B) in the leaves was 9.12%,8.83%,and 4.40%,respectively.The rendering of cucumber leaf color based on the knowledge of physiology and physical senses was achieved by combining the algorithm of physical lighting model with the OpenGL Shader Language to realize the visualization,and achieved promising realistic rendering results.
3D CNN for Oxygen Extraction Fraction Mapping with combined QSM and qBOLD

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We developed a CNN for OEF mapping from QSM+qBOLD data, which utilizes utilizes 3D convolutional layers. Two dimensions for the spatial components of an image and one dimension for the temporal component in the qBOLD data. The results are an improvement over our previous 2D CNN, but even the more advanced network architecture struggles with voxels, that have a very low deoxyhemoglobin content. In this abstract we also study with simulated data when the CNN produces reliable results and when it predicts default values for the reconstructed parameters instead.
The WTO: What Next? L'OMC: et après? Die WTO: Was nun?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

summary The WTO: What Next? The impasse in the WTO trade negotiations gives the opportunity to take a broader look at the range of trade talks that are underway and their relationship to domestic farm policy reform in the US and the EU. The articles in this Special Issue attempt to expand on such linkages. The willingness of the US to follow the path toward less trade distorting domestic programs is one of the keys to reductions in agricultural protection in other countries. The continuation of the process of CAP reform gives the EU the scope to accept tighter controls on domestic subsidies and relax the often high levels of border protection. But success in the WTO talks also makes regional and bilateral trade pacts easier by resolving conflicts over subsidy levels and by lowering tariff levels. And the success of litigants, particularly Brazil, in WTO challenges to US and EU domestic policies has emphasized the extent to which trade agreements have become drivers of domestic reform. However, the pace of such reform is still controlled by national (and EU) legislatures and governments, and this therefore limits the speed of trade negotiations and the acceptability of dispute settlement outcomes.
<title>Limits of light concentration and energy yield of luminescence</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Taking the quantum nature of photons as well as the first and second law of thermodynamics into account as universal upper limit for the concentration of incoherent light is found. Furthermore the limitation of light concentration by a 4-energy-level system is investigated. It turns out that both considerations lead to the same limits. Furthermore the conditions for luminescence energy yield exceeding unity are laid down.
Genetic diversity analysis of diazotrophs in the rice rhizosphere

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The genetic diversity of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with rice ( Oryza sativa ) was assessed by a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) approach on the nifH gene amplified directly from DNA extracted from washed rice roots and rhizospheric soil. Restriction digestion with the enzymes Mnl I and Hae III was performed to characterize 54 cloned nifH PCR products. RFLP profiles were clustered and analysed with the UPGMA program. Eight pairs of similar RFLP patterns (similarity>50%) and two pairs of homologous RFLP patterns (100% identity) were found from the washed roots and the rhizospheric soil, respectively. Three specific diazotrophic patterns were found from rhizospheric soil and rice roots. The analyses have revealed the presence of different nifH types, which appear to be significant components of the diazotrophic community in paddy fields, indicating that some of the diazotrophs may colonize the inside and the surface of the rice roots.
Methods of coping with neoplastic disease in men with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Only limited data evaluating coping methods in patients with bladder cancer are available in the literature. Also, it is unclear how the mental status of these patients affects their stress coping strategies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stress coping strategies in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and degree of sexual satisfaction on stress coping strategies. This prospective cohort study included 100 male patients qualified for control cystoscopy who underwent at least one transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURB) procedure in the past for NMIBC and at least one control cystoscopy. The minimal follow‐up period after primary TURB was 1 year. The MiniCOPE, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. The questionnaires were completed anonymously before cystoscopy in a room that provided privacy. Majority patients with NMIBC chosen adaptive strategies, with ‘accepting’ and ‘seeking emotional support’ being the most common. The choice of strategy was influenced by the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as the level of sexual satisfaction and pain sensations. Also, sociodemographic variables, such as marriage status, progeniture or the level of education played a role in strategy selection. The results of this study indicate that patients with NMIBC choose adaptive stress coping strategies. It also provides a better understanding of the impact of various aspects of mental health in patients with NMIBC on coping with stress. Each patient treated for NMIBC should undergo appropriate psychological and sociodemographic evaluation, which will allow easier identification of patients at high risk of treatment and postoperative surveillance discontinuation.
Artemisinin Attenuated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Inhibiting Autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y&nbsp;Cell&nbsp;

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. The drugs currently used to treat PD cannot inhibit the development of PD, and long-term use produces severe drug resistance and adverse reaction. Artemisinin (ART) is an active ingredient of Artemisia annua and has a neuroprotective effect, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ART in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Results There was no significant cytotoxicity when the ART concentration was under. 40μM. The 20μM ART for 24h could increase the cell viability by reducing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cell. In addition, immunoblot and immunofluorescence results showed that MPP+ treatment increased the expression of Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I and decreased the expression of P62, while ART can reverse the changes caused by MPP+. Discussion More and more researches reported that ART and its derivates have neuroprotective effects through anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis. we found that pre-treated cells with 20μM ART for 4h could significantly increase the viability in Parkinson's disease cell model. The oxidative stress and apoptosis were the main reason for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, while artemisinin can attenuate oxidative stress and apoptosis in MPP+-lesioned dopaminergic neurons. The levels of autophagy proteins LC3II/I, Beclin1 and P62 also showed that MPP+ increased the autophagy level, and pre-treatment with ART decreased the autophagy level, which may be the pathological mechanism for artemisinin to reduce oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. Conclusions These results indicate that ART exerts a positive effect on MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells in terms of anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis. These effects may be related to autophagy. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the critical role of ART in PD treatment.
The effect of long-term grazing treatments on the establishment of woody plants in southern African Savanna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eight paddocks which were debushed to an open savanna during 1935/36 and subsequently grazed annually during different seasons by steers were surveyed after a period of 54 years. Though woody plants have increased in all the paddocks, regardless of the grazing treatment, the rate of woody plant establishment was notably higher in those paddocks that received a more intense annual grazing treatment. This effect was most noticeable in those paddocks of which the mean Animal Unit-grazing days ha-1 exceeded 100 days annually. These results confirm the existence of a positive linear relationship between the severity of the grazing treatment and the rate at which woody plants have increased.
Using Murojaah Wheel Media to Aid Qur'an Memorization in Young Children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ability to read and memorize the Qur'an is crucial for young children, providing long-term benefits for their spiritual and cognitive growth. However, there is a growing concern about children’s decreasing engagement with the Qur'an due to the influence of modern distractions. This study addresses this gap by exploring the use of Murojaah wheel media as a tool to facilitate Qur'an memorization among children aged 4-5 years at As-Shoffah Early Childhood Education. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of this media in enhancing memorization skills. Using a quantitative ex-post facto design, the study involved 12 students selected through a saturated sampling technique. A questionnaire administered to teachers served as the primary instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression with JASP software version 18.0. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between the use of the Murojaah wheel media and the students' ability to memorize the Qur'an (F=8.943, p=0.014). The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the application of interactive learning media in Islamic education for young children. Implications of these findings suggest that incorporating Murojaah wheel media in early childhood education can effectively support Qur'an memorization, providing a foundation for future Islamic learning. Further research on its application in various educational settings is recommended. Highlights: Murojaah wheel media significantly improves young children's ability to memorize the Qur'an. Integrating interactive learning media supports Islamic education from an early age. The study fills a knowledge gap in the application of innovative teaching methods in religious education. Keywords: Murojaah Wheel Media, Quran Memorization, Early Childhood, Islamic Education, Learning Tools
The Media Index: Computer-Based Access to Nonprint Materials.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although full bibliographic access to nonprint materials has been a goal of libraries, complete success has not been achieved. The library at California State University, Los Angeles, sought a way to access previously inaccessi ble elements of its recordings collection. The computer based media index was designed with separate indexes for titles, subjects, and added entries (selections, compos ers, performers, etc.). This has proved to be an extreme ly useful tool and is readily adaptable to other forms of mediated material.
Evolution of the composition of the troposphere over the past 10 years

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A global and and a regional chemistry transport model were used to simulate the evolution of the lower atmosphere over the 1997-2007 period. The simulations were performed using different datasets for the emissions resulting from anthropogenic, biomass burning and natural processes. We will describe the different datasets we have used: the anthropogenic emissions are based on the emissions inventory developed for the IPCC AR5 report. The regional emissions are based on the most recent release of the EMEP emissions. We will discuss the consistency between the global and regional emissions. The evolution of the biomass burning emissions, which are provided on a monthly basis will be discussed. Different sets of emissions of biogenic hydrocarbons have been used in the simulations. We will discuss the evolution of several tropospheric species over the considered period, and the impact of the different types of emissions. First results on the comparison of model results from this retro-analysis with air pollutant observations available for the last decade including satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns will be presented, as well as discussions on the expected impact of emission reductions.
Beyond Multiparametric MRI and towards Radiomics to Detect Prostate Cancer: A Machine Learning Model to Predict Clinically Significant Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The risk of misclassifying clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is consistent, also using the updated PIRADS score and although different definitions of csPCa, patients with Gleason Grade group (GG) ≥ 3 have a significantly worse prognosis. This study aims to develop a machine learning model predicting csPCa (i.e., any GG ≥ 3 lesion at target biopsy) by mpMRI radiomic features and analyzing similarities between GG groups. One hundred and two patients with 117 PIRADS ≥ 3 lesions at mpMRI underwent target+systematic biopsy, providing histologic diagnosis of PCa, 61 GG < 3 and 56 GG ≥ 3. Features were generated locally from an apparent diffusion coefficient and selected, using the LASSO method and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p < 0.001), to achieve only four features. After data augmentation, the features were exploited to train a support vector machine classifier, subsequently validated on a test set. To assess the results, Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (p < 0.001) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-related metrics were used. GG1 and GG2 were equivalent (p = 0.26), whilst clear separations between either GG[1,2] and GG ≥ 3 exist (p < 10−6). On the test set, the area under the curve = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.68–0.94), with positive and negative predictive values being 84%. The features retain a histological interpretation. Our model hints at GG2 being much more similar to GG1 than GG ≥ 3.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the association of BsmI, TaqI, and FokI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene in rheumatoid arthritis patients with rheumatoid factor positivity and erosive disease of rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and methods: In this study we analyzed BsmI, TaqI and FokI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene in 98 patients with RA (78 females, 20 males; mean age 50.8±12.3 years; range 38 to 63 years) and 122 healthy subjects (96 females, 26 males; mean age 57.1±6.1 years; range 51 to 63 years) by a polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion between May 2006 and April 2008. Results: The distributions of BsmI, TaqI and FokI, alleles/genotypes frequencies were similar in patients and controls. There were no significant differences between the vitamin D receptor genotypes/alleles and the presence or absence of erosions and rheumatoid factor. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that vitamin D receptor polymorphisms do not play a role in either rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility or in rheumatoid factor positivity and erosive disease of rheumatoid arthritis in the Turkish population.
SYMMETRIC BI-DERIVATIONS OF BCH-ALGEBRAS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of left-right (resp. right-left) symmetric bi-derivation of BCH-algebrasand some related properties are investigated. 1. IntroductionIn 1966, Imai and Iseki introduced two classes of abstract algebras,BCK-algebra and BCI-algebras [6]. It is known that the class of BCI-algebras is a generalization of the class of BCK-algebras In 1983, Hu andLi [3] introduced the notion of a BCH-algebra, which is a generalizationof the notions of BCK-algebras and BCI-algebras. They have studied afew properties of these algebras. In this paper, we introduce the notionof left-right (resp. right-left) symmetric bi-derivations of BCH algebrasand investigate some properties of symmetric bi-derivations in a BCH-algebra. Moreover, we prove that the set of all symmetric bi-derivationson a medial BCH-algebra forms a semigroup under a suitably de nedbinary composition.2. PreliminaryBy a BCH-algebra, we mean an algebra (X;;0) with a single binaryoperation that satis es the following identities for any x;y;z 2X :(BCH1) xx = 0,(BCH2) xy = 0 and y x = 0 imply x = y;(BCH3) (xy) z = (xz) y; where x y if and only if x*y=0.In a BCH-algebra, the following identities are true for all x;y 2X:
[Gene and cell therapy for relapsed leukemia after allo-stem cell transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To control severe GvHD while maintaining strong GvL effects in the context of allo-stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), a phase I/II clinical trial of infusions of donor lymphocytes transduced with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK-DLI) started at the Tsukuba University Hospital. To date, five (2 AML, 2 ALL, and 1 MDS) out of eight patients enrolled in the trial received approximately 7x10(7) transduced cells per kilogram of body weight and four patients showed some clinical responses such inhibition of the leukemic cell proliferation or mitigation of lymph node swelling. Especially, one MDS patient achieved complete remission and has remained in CR for 2 years after the treatment. GvHD developed in two patients (1 acute and 1 chronic) and the acute (grade III) was successfully controlled by administration of ganciclovir without any immunosuppressive drugs. Since HSV-TK as a strong antigen induced CTLs against transduced cells in patients, however, TK-DLI is expected to provide a more effective adoptive immune cell therapy by performance just after allo-SCT where the patient's immune function is severely damaged.