jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Funds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: To define the frequency of seeing (FOS) characteristics of the short wavelength (SW) sensitive visual pathway in clinically normal subjects and in diabetic patients with focal SW sensitivity loss. Methods: For clinically normal subjects, FOS was assessed at two retinal locations (4.24° and 9.90° eccentricity) for both white on white (WW) and SW stimulus parameters. Interexamination variability was quantified for the clinically normal subjects only. For patients with diabetes, FOS was assessed inside an area of focal SW sensitivity loss, and at the same eccentricity in the quadrant diametrically opposite, using SW stimulus parameters only. Results: For clinically normal subjects, the group mean SW FOS slope was significantly flatter (p<0.0001) than that of WW at both locations. The coefficient of repeatability for SW FOS slope was ±41.55 dB−1 (relative to a group mean sensitivity of 23.98 dB−1) and ±19.98 dB−1 (group mean sensitivity 16.15 dB−1) for 4.24° and 9.90°, respectively. For the patients with diabetes, the group mean SW FOS slope was significantly flatter (p = 0.020), and group mean SW threshold significantly higher (p = 0.007) in the area of focal SW sensitivity loss than in that of the non-focal sensitivity loss. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the clinical utility of SW automated perimetry will be limited by a greater magnitude of measurement variability, as indicated by a flatter FOS slope, compared to conventional automated perimetry.
Contradiction between Conditions of Mean-Root Square Error Minimization and Integral Root Mean Estimate in Tracking Systems with the Principle of Deviation Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that in contrast to open-loop systems peculiarity of automatic control systems with control principle based on deviation (systems with negative feedback) consists in contradiction between conditions of minimality of error and quadratic integral estimate of transient processes on entering its input of one random set-point action. It was ascertained that the minimal value of mean-root square error for these systems is reached for values of their amplification factor for open-loop state close to stability threshold, when slowly decreasing transient processes arise (considerable quadratic integral estimates). We construct recommendations for compromise selection of amplification factor of the tracking system.
Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Childbirth Expectation of Adolescent Mothers in Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To identify a correlation between childbirth self efficacy and childbirth expectation of adolescent mothers in Indonesia, this cross-sectional study applied consecutive sampling. The sample was 135 adolescent mothers. Instruments utilized were structured questionnaire, including a demographic questionnaire, Child Birth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI), Childbirth Expectation Questionnaire (CEQ), Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), and London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP). All questionnaires were in Indonesian versions. The correlation of childbirth self-efficacy and childbirth expectation was analyzed using chi-square. Most adolescent mothers had low childbirth self-effication (63.7%). The results showed a significant correlation between childbirth self-efficacy and childbirth expectation of adolescent mothers (p = 0.003, OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.126 to 8.544). These results show that special assistance for adolescent mothers in facing childbirth is necessary to improve self-efficacy.
Analisis Satua I Ubuh dengan Satua Bagus Diarsa (Teks Perbandingan)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study discussed two literary works of oral prose namely I Ubuh story and Bagus Diarsa story, which aims at understanding and investigating the existence of a text in another text or the intertextual relation in the story of I Ubuh and Bagus Diarsa. This study is conducted based on the structural theory from Teeuw and intertext theory from Kristeva, while the data collection is done by using free guided interview and supported by recording technique, taking notes, transcription and translation techniques. The methods used in analyzing the data are qualitative method and descriptive analytic method. In presenting the data analysis, the method used is informal method supported by deductive and inductive techniques. The findings of this study show that there are structures which form the story of I Ubuh and Bagus Diarsa namely incident; chronological plot in the stories; characters and characterizations such as main character, secondary figures, and complementary characters; the settings of both stories are setting of time, place and situation; the theme of the stories is Satya Samaya; and the moral. Besides, the findings show that there is intertextual relation between the story of I Ubuh and Bagus Diarsa, they have the similar motives namely chicken feathers that used to show directions and places in the stories. Meanwhile, the difference between these stories is I Santeng went southeast to reach the sea floor, and I Bagus Diarsa went north to reach the Banyan Tree.
Glycocinnasperimicin D Synthetic Studies: Synthesis of Cinnamoyl Glycosides via Iodination-Heck Reaction Sequence Starting from Phenyl Glycosides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new approach for the synthesis of cinnamoyl glycoside has been developed via iodination-Heck reaction sequence starting from phenyl glycoside. Successful application of this procedure accomplished the construction of the right core structure of amino­sugar antibiotic, glycocinnasperimicin D.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-2 from Ah Receptor Antagonism Represses Head and Neck Tumor Cell Aggressive Phenotype

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 469K, S1. Human epidermal keratinocytes fail to significantly express IL6 compared to HNSCC cells. S2. AHR ligands inhibit HN13 and HN2095 migration in agarose spot assay</p>
Changes in the Expression of Aquaporin-3 in the Gastrointestinal Tract Affect Drug Absorption

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays an important role in water transport in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, we conducted a Caco-2 cell permeability assay to examine how changes in the expression and function of AQP3 affect the rate at which a drug is absorbed via passive transport in the GI tract. When the function of AQP3 was inhibited by mercuric chloride or phloretin, there was no change in warfarin permeability. In contrast, when the expression of AQP3 protein was decreased by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment, warfarin permeability increased to approximately twice the control level, and membrane fluidity increased by 15%. In addition, warfarin permeability increased to an extent comparable to that after PGE2 treatment when cell membrane fluidity was increased by 10% via boric acid/EDTA treatment. These findings suggest the possibility that the increased drug absorption under decreased AQP3 expression was attributable to increased membrane fluidity. The results of this study demonstrate that the rate of water transport has little effect on drug absorption. However, our findings also indicate that although AQP3 and other similar transmembrane proteins do not themselves transport drugs, changes in their expression levels can cause changes in cell membrane fluidity, thus affecting drug absorption rates.
Do Similar Entities have Similar Embeddings?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge graph embedding models (KGEMs) developed for link prediction learn vector representations for entities in a knowledge graph, known as embeddings. A common tacit assumption is the KGE entity similarity assumption, which states that these KGEMs retain the graph's structure within their embedding space, \textit{i.e.}, position similar entities within the graph close to one another. This desirable property make KGEMs widely used in downstream tasks such as recommender systems or drug repurposing. Yet, the relation of entity similarity and similarity in the embedding space has rarely been formally evaluated. Typically, KGEMs are assessed based on their sole link prediction capabilities, using ranked-based metrics such as Hits@K or Mean Rank. This paper challenges the prevailing assumption that entity similarity in the graph is inherently mirrored in the embedding space. Therefore, we conduct extensive experiments to measure the capability of KGEMs to cluster similar entities together, and investigate the nature of the underlying factors. Moreover, we study if different KGEMs expose a different notion of similarity. Datasets, pre-trained embeddings and code are available at: https://github.com/nicolas-hbt/similar-embeddings/.
ChemInform Abstract: Oscillatory Oxidation of CO Over Pt at Pressures from 10 to 760 Torr

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Potassium as foliar supplementation mitigates moisture induced stresses in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as revealed by growth, photosynthesis, gas exchange capacity and Zn analysis of shoot.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Response to drought stress in combination with stress regulator potassium (K + ) in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) grown under greenhouse conditions with three levels of drought (1, 3 and 5 days) interval of irrigation and four levels of foliar application of potassium K @ 250 mgL -1 (0, 30, 40 and 30+40 days) interval was studied. Moisture stress decreased plant growth and physiological parameters in shoot but increase in root penetration and distribution pattern was observed with increasing stress levels. Foliar application of K + improved plant growth, dry matter accumulation, relative water content, gas exchange capacity, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rate of drought stressed plants. Effect of potassium was more pronounced to plants under drought stress than their respective control. Wet digestion procedure for potassium and zinc determination under drought stress and foliar potassium application showed, increasing drought decrease the potassium and zinc uptake capacity of the shoots but, ameliorating effect of potassium on drought and nutrient uptake improved by increasing potassium concentration and decreasing application interval.
Clostridium DifficileEnteritis Causing Small Bowel Perforation in the Absence of Common Risk Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:Clostridium difficile causing clinical disease of the small bowel is reported rarely in the literature, but may be increasing in incidence as overall Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates increase across the country. Common risk factors that have been reported in the literature for C. difficile enteritis include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), recent antibiotic use, and gastrointestinal surgery. We report a unique case of C. difficile enteritis involving the small bowel with necrosis and perforation in the absence of common risk factors. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old African American female with no prior surgical history presented with acute abdominal pain with diarrhea and was found to have CDI. On hospital day eight, the patient de-compensated suddenly. She was found to have a small bowel perforation in the proximal jejunum with pathology demonstrating CDI involving the small bowel. Conclusion:Clostridium difficile infection involving the small bowel is being reported increasingly and can lead to perforation, especially in immunocompromised patients. Whereas C. difficile enteritis has been described previously involving the small bowel, this case is unique because the patient did not have any of the strongest risk factors for CDI and presented with acute necrosis and perforation of the jejunum.
Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Huwentoxin-1 after Epidural and Intravenous Administration in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM To compare pharmacokinetics arid tissue-distribution after epidural and iv administration of [(superscript 125)I] labelled huwentoxin-1 ([(superscript 125)I] HWTX-1) in rats. METHODS HWTX-1 was labeled by iodogen method. Single dose of 0.86, 1.7, or 2.6MBq [(superscript 125)I] HWTX-1 per rat was injected via a catheter implanted in epidural space or iv with single dose of 2.6MBq per rat. Serum [(superscript 125)I] HWX-1 was determined by RP-HPLC with flow scintillation detector. Tissue radioactivity was detected by γ-counter. RESULTS Radioactivities detected in duralvertebral samples was (22±8)% of injected radioactivity at 10min after epidural injection, which demonstrated successful administration into epidural space. Concentration-time curves of [(superscript 125)I] HWTX-1 after two routes were different. Absorption phase with t(subscript max) at 10min was observed after epidural injection. (superscript 125)I-labeled degradation products at 10min after epidural and iv injection of 2.6MBq were (2.1±1.l) and (6.8±2.5)μg•L^(-1) respectively (P＜0.01). C(subscript max) and AUC were increased with dose after epidural administration. Terminal t(subscript 1/2) after epidural or iv administration was 2.5-2.8h or 2.3h. Cl(subscript s) was 0.74-1.18L•h^(-1)•kg^(-1) after both routes. Bioavailability after epidural administration was ＞82%. Distribution of [(superscript 125)I] HWTX-1 between two routes was different, and contents in most tissues at 10min after iv were higher than those after epidural dosing (P＜0.05). Excretion of radioactivity was mainly via urine. CONCLUSION The differences between vertebral and systemic biodistribution of HWTX-1, as well as degradation profiles after epidural and iv injection support the using of HWTX-1 as analgesic by epidural administration.
Enhancement of the antibacterial property of amniotic fluid by hyperthermia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The intrinsic ability of human amniotic fluid to prevent growth of Escherichia coli varies with the test strain employed, but is enhanced by increasing the temperature of incubation, as demonstrated by viable counts of test organisms in amniotic fluid compared with growth media at various temperatures. The antibacterial activity of amniotic fluid is reversed at all temperatures by the addition of potassium phosphate, but residual inhibition is seen at temperatures above 37C. When purified inhibitor preparations are tested, complete reversal by phosphate at the highest temperatures is seen. Thus, the augmented inhibition in whole amniotic fluid depends on the combined effects of phosphate-sensitive and -insensitive inhibitors. Test organisms in the presence of partially purified inhibitor were not adversely affected at 4C, indicating that bacteria must be metabolically active to be inhibited. It is concluded that temperatures above 37C enhance the antibacterial effect. This may enhance protection during pyrexia.
A Hierarchical Multi-Task Approach for Learning Embeddings from Semantic Tasks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Much effort has been devoted to evaluate whether multi-task learning can be leveraged to learn rich representations that can be used in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) down-stream applications. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the settings in which multi-task learning has a significant effect. In this work, we introduce a hierarchical model trained in a multi-task learning setup on a set of carefully selected semantic tasks. The model is trained in a hierarchical fashion to introduce an inductive bias by supervising a set of low level tasks at the bottom layers of the model and more complex tasks at the top layers of the model. This model achieves state-of-the-art results on a number of tasks, namely Named Entity Recognition, Entity Mention Detection and Relation Extraction without hand-engineered features or external NLP tools like syntactic parsers. The hierarchical training supervision induces a set of shared semantic representations at lower layers of the model. We show that as we move from the bottom to the top layers of the model, the hidden states of the layers tend to represent more complex semantic information.
“A New Pleasure”: Listening to National Gramophonic Society Records, 1924–1931

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper draws on research into the National Gramophonic Society (N.G.S.), a British record label of the 1920s which specialized in chamber music. Existing accounts of the early development of the record industry concentrate on the production and marketing of recordings; they also address the reception of recordings but on very broad scales, chiefly in the field of popular music, and mainly through the writings of prominent critics. Early consumers of recorded music have received less attention, yet their testimonies tell us much about the crucial developments of the 1920s, when innovative technology and marketing persuaded many lovers of “classical” music to accept the gramophone. Because it operated by subscription, the N.G.S. can be used, in the manner of a historical microscope, to focus on individual listeners during this period and study their backgrounds, motivations, tastes and habits. Some transferred to the gramophone existing practices from music, literature and other cultural spheres; for others, records offered engagement with and appreciation of types of music which had previously been inaccessible.
Rhetoric and Reality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Black and white all mixed together,Inconstant, strange, unhealthful weatherBurning heat and chilling coldDangerous both to young and oldBoisterous winds and heavy rainsFevers and rheumatic painsAgues plenty without doubtSores, boils, the prickling heat and goutMosquitoes on the skin make blotchesCentipedes and large cockroaches…Water bad, past all drinkingMen and women without thinking…Many a widow not unwillingMany a beau not worth a shillingMany a bargain if you strike it,This is Charles-town, how do you like it?Capt. Martin, captain of a Man of War, 1769
Potential Application of the Myocardial Scintigraphy Agent [123I]BMIPP in Colon Cancer Cell Imaging

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

[123I]β-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid ([123I]BMIPP), which is used for nuclear medicine imaging of myocardial fatty acid metabolism, accumulates in cancer cells. However, the mechanism of accumulation remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the accumulation and accumulation mechanism of [123I]BMIPP in cancer cells. We compared the accumulation of [123I]BMIPP in cancer cells with that of [18F]FDG and found that [123I]BMIPP was a much higher accumulation than [18F]FDG. The accumulation of [123I]BMIPP was evaluated in the presence of sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO), a CD36 inhibitor, and lipofermata, a fatty acid transport protein (FATP) inhibitor, under low-temperature conditions and in the presence of etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1) inhibitor. The results showed that [123I]BMIPP accumulation was decreased in the presence of SSO and lipofermata in H441, LS180, and DLD-1 cells, suggesting that FATPs and CD36 are involved in [123I]BMIPP uptake in cancer cells. [123I]BMIPP accumulation in all cancer cell lines was significantly decreased at 4 °C compared to that at 37 °C and increased in the presence of etomoxir in all cancer cell lines, suggesting that the accumulation of [123I]BMIPP in cancer cells is metabolically dependent. In a biological distribution study conducted using tumor-bearing mice transplanted with LS180 cells, [123I]BMIPP highly accumulated in not only LS180 cells but also normal tissues and organs (including blood and muscle). The tumor-to-intestine or large intestine ratios of [123I]BMIPP were similar to those of [18F]FDG, and the tumor-to-large-intestine ratios exceeded 1.0 during 30 min after [123I]BMIPP administration in the in vivo study. [123I]BMIPP is taken up by cancer cells via CD36 and FATP and incorporated into mitochondria via CPT1. Therefore, [123I]BMIPP may be useful for imaging cancers with activated fatty acid metabolism, such as colon cancer. However, the development of novel imaging radiotracers based on the chemical structure analog of [123I]BMIPP is needed.
Unified filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Collaborative filtering and content-based filtering are two types of information filtering techniques. Combining these two techniques can improve the recommendation effectiveness. The main problem with previous research is that the content information and the rating information are not combined in an integrated way. This paper presents a unified probabilistic framework that allows the mutual interaction between these two types of information. Experiments have shown that the new unified filtering algorithm outperforms a pure collaborative filtering approach, a pure content-based filtering approach and another unified filtering algorithm.
Structural Relationships between Environmental Factors, Psychological Health, and Academic Performance in Medical Students Engaged in Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak and the enforced quarantine, universities in Malaysia were required to switch to an online class format. The resulting changes in the environmental factors of students may have had an impact on their psychological health and academic performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of environmental factors and the psychological health of students and examine their structural relationship with academic performance. A cross-sectional design with an online self-reported questionnaire was adopted, and the study was conducted among 207 undergraduate medical students at the Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The environmental factors were measured using the lighting–noise–temperature scale and technology scale, while psychological health was assessed using the short version of the General Health Questionnaire and academic performance was determined based on Grade Point Average. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used for analysis of the data. No significant relationship was found between environmental factors and academic performance, or between environmental factors and psychological health. Nonetheless, the hypothesized structural model provided scientific evidence of an inverse relationship between psychological health and academic performance. These findings could be helpful for academics, health policymakers, and health educators in terms of understanding and promoting psychological wellbeing among university students, as well as improving their academic performance.
[Humoral nonspecific immunity in patients with post-burn cicatrical strictures of the esophagus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors have studied the significance of factors of the humoral non-specific defense (HND) in 37 patients with cicatricial constrictions of the oesophagus and stomach. The data obtained were used for choosing the optimum terms for gastrostoma and oesophagoplasty. In 14 patients treatment with lysozyme was performed due to decreased indices of HND.