jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Towards automation of data quality system for CERN CMS experiment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Daily operation of a large-scale experiment is a challenging task,\nparticularly from perspectives of routine monitoring of quality for data being\ntaken. We describe an approach that uses Machine Learning for the automated\nsystem to monitor data quality, which is based on partial use of data qualified\nmanually by detector experts. The system automatically classifies marginal\ncases: both of good an bad data, and use human expert decision to classify\nremaining "grey area" cases.\n This study uses collision data collected by the CMS experiment at LHC in\n2010. We demonstrate that proposed workflow is able to automatically process at\nleast 20\\% of samples without noticeable degradation of the result.\n
A farmer-centred outlook to managing and to maintaining High Nature Value grasslands in Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The many different types of European grassland illustrated in this book did not arise by chance. They were created by generations of farmers who, over many centuries, have modified natural plant communities through grazing, mowing, drainage, irrigation and nutrient enrichment. The social, economic and policy context is changing most rapidly in those parts of Europe with the largest remaining areas of high nature value (HNV) grassland, and decisions about grassland management may be a secondary or tertiary effect of other decisions by the farm family. This chapter presents a new farmer-centred framework of support for HNV grasslands. These include protecting the existing HNV grassland resource, implementation of rules for the protection of permanent pasture, and rewarding of farmers for flower-rich grasslands. For example, the Baden-Wurttemberg scheme rewards the farmers with extra payments for achieving a defined level of species-richness in their HNV grassland.Keywords: European agriculture; farmer-centred framework; high nature value (HNV) grasslands
P8  Halitosis and periodontal disease in subjects with mental disabilities

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Halitosis has been correlated with the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) produced in the oral cavity by metabolic activity of bacteria colonizing the periodontal area and the dorsum of the tongue. The aim of this investigation was to study the association among the presence of BANA‐positive species ( Treponema denticola , Bacteroides forsythus , Porphyromonas gingivalis ), periodontal condition and halitosis in subjects with mental disabilities. This population (17–49 years of age) consisted of 17 Down Syndrome (DS) patients, 17 with Mentally Retarded (MR), and 17 mentally health (control group). The VSC in the human mouth was determined by a portable sulfide monitor (Halimeter ® ). Clinical parameters (Plaque Index – PlI, Probing Depth – PD and Bleeding on Probing – BOP) were obtained from six reference teeth (# 3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30). In the same way, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the same selected teeth and from dorsal surface of the tongue and evaluated by BANA TM Test (BANAMet). The results were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U Test. PlI and BOP were higher in DS patients ( P < 0.01) and PD was similar in DS and health patients ( P > 0.05) but higher than MR. No difference was found among three groups for the presence of BANA‐positive species, however the VSC levels were lower ( P < 0.01) in DS (log1.9 ± 0.2) than in MR (log 2.2 ± 0.3) and health (log 2.2 ± 0.2) patients. Although the presence of anaerobic periodontal infection was similar in all groups the VSC levels were lower in Down syndrome patients.
‘It’s all about self-reliance’: North Korean Adolescents’ Menstruation Experiences and Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In low-income countries such as North Korea, adolescents experience a decreased quality of schooling and health as a result of poor menstrual health management. The purpose of this study was to explore menstrual health management among North Korean adolescents through interviews with North Korean defector women who have settled in South Korea. Semi-structured interviews with seven participants were conducted from November 2021 to January 2022. The findings showed that North Korean adolescents lacked knowledge of menarche and that menstruation was merely perceived to be a bodily excretion. Moreover, North Korean adolescents received little or no support from their families or society during menstruation. The bodies of male and female students were not differentiated, resulting in female adolescents becoming desensitised to the physical and mental pain of menstruation. Furthermore, the participants recalled resorting to suboptimal alternatives to hygiene products and inappropriate menstrual practices. The findings suggest that it may take a long time to address menstrual poverty among North Korean adolescents and that measures to strengthen human rights for North Korean adolescents’ health should be prepared at an international level. Improved education for North Korean youth and active support from parents and teachers regarding menstrual practices are also necessary.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Plants used by Tribes of Telangana State on Diabetic Complications like Neuropathy, Nephropathy and Cardiomyopathy in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: India is "diabetes capital of the world".Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by International Diabetes Federation, India currently around 40.9 million is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are taken.Over the past 30 yr, the status of diabetes has changed from being considered as a mild disorder to major causes of morbidity and mortality.Methods: Rats treated with Alloxan (150 mg/kg) i.p. results diabetic rats given ethanol extract of Senna auriculata leaf, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds (150 mg/kg) p.o., respectively for 42 days.Biochemical parameters of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy and histopathology of sciatic nerve, kidney and heart was done at the end of study. Results:In Diabetic Group found Blood Glucose Level (BGL) (84.42±6.384 to 369.36±7.784mg/dl);Muscle Grip Strength (MGS) (59.32±1.052 to 13.52±0.883seconds);Thermal Pain Response (TPR) (5.55±0.621 to 13.67±1.164seconds).blood protein (7.48±0.051 to 25.18±0.046mg/dl);urine protein (0.692±0.061 to 2.68±0.056mg/dl);blood albumin (1.94±0.043 to 0.248±0.007mg/dl);urine albumin (0.082±0.009 to 2.68±0.056mg/dl);blood myoglobin (0.042±0.00274 to 0.056±0.00207ng/dl);urine myoglobin (0.0048±0.00142 to 0.0098±0.00107mg/dl);Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) ( 23.04±1.093 to 124.81±1.238mg/dl); Serum Creatinine (84.06±6.723 to 218.56±7.586(µMol/dl).Etholic extract of Senna auriculata leaf, Phyllanthus emblica.L. fruits and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels seeds & combination treated groups found BGL124.42±7.042,112.07±6.942,126.25±7.051& 98.83±6.932mg/dl;MGS 49.06±0.962,52.05±1.247,54.06±1.268& 56.79±1.125 seconds; TPR 6.54±0.841,7.38±0.802,6.45±1.062& 6.14±0.837seconds; blood protein 7.98±0.039,8.02±0.053,8.06±0.039& 7.48±0.045mg/dl;urine protein 1.22±0.058,0.94±0.049,0.96±0.056& 0.82±0.062mg/dl;blood albumin 1.64±0.033,1.82±0.036,1.87±0.044& 1.96±0.039mg/dl;urine albumin 0.122±0.008,0.098±0.007,0.132±0.009& 0.108±0.011mg/dl;blood myoglobin 0.045±0.00189,0.036±0.00177,0.041±0.00223& 0.043±0.00175ng/dl;urine myoglobin 0.0042±0.00129,0.0052±0.00119,0.0064±0.00126& 0.0036±0.00125mg/dl;BUN 35
Horizontal Variability in 10 m Wind Velocities as Observed at Two Prairie Sites Separated by a Distance of 7.5 km

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is important to assess the representativeness of mesoscale wind data because most short range pollution models assume that wind velocity will remain constant over distances in the order of 10 km. Previous observational studies have shown that average hourly mesoscale differences in wind directions and speeds might be typically about 25 degrees and 1 m s−1. Initial results of this study using all available data, tended to agree with the above findings. Further analyses, however, were performed for periods to which most pollution models are restricted. These periods are usually characterized by the absence of mesoscale wind phenomena and terrain effects associated with katabatic winds. Hourly wind direction differences for these periods were found to be typically only about 10 degrees regardless of atmospheric stability. Wind speed differences were still typically about 1 m s−1. Differences of both wind speed and direction were normally distributed, suggesting that horizontal mesoscale wind velocity differences occur randomly. For this reason it may be impractical to attempt the development of short-range plume dispersion models that physically account for horizontal inhomogeneities.
Learning Dynamic Graph Structures for Sea State Estimation with Deep Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate estimation of sea state is crucial for the advancement of autonomous ships, given the complexity and dynamics of the marine environment. However, traditional methods for classifying sea states suffer from drawbacks such as low accuracy, limited coverage, and high cost. The emergence of deep learning has provided a significant breakthrough in sea state estimation (SSE). Nonetheless, existing models lack the ability to dynamically interact with features from various sensors. In this study, we propose a deep neural network model, named DynamicSSE, which aims to autonomously learn the dynamic correlations among sensors located at different positions. This facilitates the interaction between sensors, enabling the generation of more valuable features for prediction. DynamicSSE comprises two primary modules: a feature extraction module and a dynamic graph structure construction module. By combining a series of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a long short-term memory network (LSTM), our model effectively captures graph structures and dependencies over both long and short time periods. Moreover, our proposed approach demonstrates its superiority through experimental results on two ship motion datasets, supported by a comparative analysis with the baseline approach. Additionally, an ablation study highlights the significance of each component in our model.
COMBINED OPERATIONS IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been established that combined operations performed for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma enable to achieve a long-term survival with a very unfavorable prognosis with the indices of a 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival – 41.5%, 19.1%, 8.2% and 3.6% respectively, despite a high proportion of palliative operations. Performino combined surgeryis a promising trend is terms of a dynamic perfection of the operative technique and lifesupport system of patients.
Management of hypercholesterolemia in childhood and adolescence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is strong evidence that the onset of atherosclerosis occurs in childhood. Identifying and treating children and adolescents at risk for hypercholesterolemia should lead to a decrease in adult atherosclerotic disease. Based on current information, and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines, screening in children and adolescents should be limited to those individuals with specific cardiac risk factors or those from families with a strong history of atherosclerotic disease. Treatment of identified patients should be initiated with dietary control. Subsequent use of cholesterol-lowering medication is best limited to those patients who fail at least 6 months of dietary control measures. Drug therapy includes the use of bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid and, more recently, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors. There has been limited experience with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors in children and adolescents. However, preliminary data suggests that they are both more effective and have less side effects than either bile acid sequestrants or niacin. Long-term cohort studies will be needed to determine whether screening and treating children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia is truly of long-term benefit and, if so, which treatment strategies will be preferred.
Studies on the Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Paste and Cooked Udon

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

回分槽型、連続ベルト槽型、連続管型などの各種クッキング装置を、設計、制御化していくために44)、レオロジー特性の測定、クッキング速度式の設定および最適操作時間を得ることなどの研究が必要となる。前報1-10)において、液状食品のレオロジー特性について研究してきた。本報では、ペースト状食品のレオロジー特性の測定とクッキング速度式の設定に対して有用となる管型装置を製作し、小麦粉ペースト(ドウ)のレオロジー特性を求めることができた。また、前報16-18)において、重量測定法によってめん類のクッキング速度式の設定に関する研究を行ってきた。本報では、レオロジー特性測定法によって最適操作時間を求める方法について検討を行った。
Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Tin Chlorophyllin from Morinda citrifolia L.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants are the rich source of harmless medicines, and used for the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years. They can provide biologically active molecules and lead structures for development of modified derivatives with enhanced activity or reduced activity. Green plants synthesize and preserve a variety of biochemical products, many of which are extractable and used as chemical feed stocks or as raw material for several scientific investigations. Tin chlorophyllin, a water soluble sodium salt of Chlorophyll is one among the family of phytochemical compounds. The central metal atom, magnesium of chlorophyll has been replaced with tin and the phytol chains lost in chlorophyllin. The antioxidant activity of tin chlorophyllin from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia L. was investigated by using in vitro antioxidant models such as DPPH scavenging assay and Phosphomolybdenum method. The free radical scavenging activity of tin chlorophyllin on the stable radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was evaluated and the percentage of inhibition was determined. By phosphomolybdenum method, the total antioxidant capacity of tin chlorophyllin was determined and the absorbance values were expressed as the number of gram equivalent of ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate the potential antioxidant activity of tin chlorophyllin and support its possible role in human health protection and disease prevention.
Influence of water and sodium on the energetics of dimethylphosphate and its implications for DNA structure

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAb initio calculations, including electron correlation, were performed on dimethylphosphate (DMP) in the presence and absence of a single water molecule or sodium ion to study their influence on DMP conformational energetics. The presence of sodium had only minimal effect on the energetics of DMP. In the presence of a single water significant changes versus anhydrous DMP were calculated including a lowering of the energies of the g,t and t,t conformers relative to the g,g conformer. Analysis of results from surveys of DNA crystal structures indicate that the calculated differences in DMP energetics, when applied to the phosphodiester backbone in DNA, may contribute to experimentally observed structural differences between the A and B forms of duplex DNA. Molecular dynamics simulations using three phosphodiester backbone parameter sets further suggest that ab initio calculated changes in the conformational properties of DMP may indeed influence DNA structure. These results suggest that changes in the conformational energetics of the phosphodiester backbone due to interactions with water or counterions may contribute to experimentally observed changes in DNA structure associated with alterations in the DNA environment.
The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure and Tax Avoidance on Firm Value with Dividends as A Moderating Factor

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effect of disclosure of carbon emissions and tax avoidance on firm value with dividends as a moderator. The population in this research are those companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. The data obtained are secondary data using a purposive sampling method with 144 observations. This research used multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the company's carbon emission disclosure positively impacts the firm's value, and tax avoidance does not negatively impact the firm's value. In addition, this research found that dividends neither strengthen the positive impact of carbon emission disclosure nor weaken the negative impact of tax avoidance on the firm's value.
Decipher interactions effects of wheat genotypes evaluated in Northern Hills Zone by AMMI, BLUP and Non Parametric measures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Significant variations due to environments 38.3%, GxE interactions 32.1%, and genotypes 10.9% were observed by AMMI analysis. ASV1 and ASV measures recommended G13, G2, G11 genotypes. Based on 97.8% of GxE interactions sum of squares MASV1 identified G13, G3, G7 whereas MASV settled for G13, G1, and G7 genotypes. BLUP-based measures HMGV, RPGV, HMRPGV identified G9, G6, G13 genotypes. Non parametric composite measure NPi (1) observed suitability ofG3, G13, G12 whereas NPi (2), NPi (3), NPi (4) identified G3, G10, G12 genotypes. Biplot analysis observed 65.4% of the total variation in the considered measures accounted by PC1 and PC2. Cluster of IPC2, NPi (2), NPi (3), NPi (4) placed adjacent to BLUP based measures in the same quadrant. ASV, ASV1, MASV, MASV1, clustered with Si 1 ,Si 2 , Si 3 ,Si 4 ,Si 5 ,Si 6 , Si 7 BL Std and NPi (1), BLCV, IPC7 observed in different quadrant of biplot analysis.
Study on Biological Characteristics and Artificial Rearing Techniques of &lt;i&gt;Papilio bianor&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective] By exploring the biological characteristics and artificial scale breeding technology of Papilio bianor Cramer, the artificial scale breeding technology system was established in Chongqing, providing a strong guarantee for the resource development, utilization and protection of P. bianor. [Methods] Adult insects were introduced into the field and artificially bred in the insect Innovation base of Chongqing Normal University at a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 70%±5%. The detailed growth and biological characteristics of P. bianor were observed and recorded at various developmental stages. And then summed up the technical method system of the artificial large-scale breeding of Papilio bianor in Chongqing area. [Results] The growth and development process and biological characteristics of each developmental stage of P. bianor were observed and recorded, and the generation of P. bianor was successfully carried out in indoor, and a complete set of artificial large-scale breeding technology system was established. [Conclusion] Based on the breeding technology system established in this study, the growth and development of P. bianor in all stages of indoor breeding are good, and the offspring can be successfully bred. The results of this study provide technical guidance for the large-scale breeding of P. bianor, and have important significance for the protection and resource utilization of this species.
Nicotine metabolism in liver microsomes from rats with acute hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nicotine exerts a number of physiological effects. Nicotine is absorbed through the lungs with smoking and is rapidly metabolized in humans. Although it is mainly metabolized in the liver, the effects of liver injuries on nicotine metabolism are not clear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of liver injuries on nicotine metabolism. Rats were treated with D-galactosamine (GalN) or thioacetamide (TA), to induce acute hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, respectively. Serum transaminase levels were significantly elevated in model rats with both types of liver injury. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and cytochrome b5 contents in liver microsomes were decreased significantly in TA-treated cirrhotic rats but not in GalN-treated hepatitic rats. The major metabolic pathways of nicotine, i.e. cotinine formation catalyzed by CYP and nicotine-1'-N-oxide formation catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase, were investigated in these rat liver microsomes. Formation of cotinine and nicotine-1'-N-oxide from nicotine was not changed in GalN-treated hepatitic rats, in comparison with the controls, but was significantly decreased in TA-treated cirrhotic rats. By immunoblotting, decreases in CYP1A2, CYP2B2, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 protein were recognized in liver microsomes from TA-treated cirrhotic rats. It was also shown that the maximal velocity values for nicotine-1'-N-oxide formation in TA-treated cirrhotic rats were significantly decreased, compared with the controls. These results suggested that the reduction of nicotine metabolism in cirrhosis was due to decreases in CYP and flavin-containing monooxygenase protein expression levels.
Can We Observe Jet $P_T$-broadening in Heavy-Ion Collisions at the LHC?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the effect of PT-broadening on jet substructure observables in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. As an example, we focus on the opening angle of the two branches that satisfy the soft drop grooming condition in a highly energetic jet. The medium modification of the angular distribution can provide important information on the jet transport properties of hot QCD matter. In addition, we take into account a change of the overall fraction of quark and gluon jets in heavy-ion collisions. We comment on the comparison to a recent measurement from the ALICE Collaboration.
Mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome was first defined as such by SG. Pavlakis and colleagues in 1984, though patients have doubtless been reported earlier. The common mutation leads to impaired mitochondrial translation that results in increased synthesis of mitochondrial protein. A variety of supportive measures is helpful in this disorder, as in other mitochondrial diseases. The disease is inherited in a maternal pattern, and the gene is on the mitochondrial genome. Cybrids containing more than 95 percent mutant DNA had decreased rates of synthesis and steady-state levels of mitochondrial proteins leading to respiratory chain deficiency. The A3243G mutations lead to impaired and translation and protein synthesis, resulting in impaired mitochondrial energy production. Patients with the MELAS syndrome have been found to have marked deficiency in the activity of complex I of the respiratory chain.