jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Overexpressed P2X7 on Leukemia Progression in Mouse Acute Myeloid Leukemia Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract P2X7 is one of the P2X family ligand-gated ion channel receptors. High level expression of P2X7 is reported in various malignant cells. High level expression of P2X7 was also detected in leukemia patients, especially in relapsed cases. A hyposensitive P2X7 mutant, N187D P2X7, was cloned from leukemia cells. However, the role of P2X7 on the progression of leukemia was poorly understood. In the present study, we studied the effects of P2X7 receptor in acute myeloid leukemia mouse model. We established MLL-AF9 induced AML mouse model with high level expression of P2X7 (MA9-P2X7). High level of P2X7 significantly accelerated the progression of leukemia. Homing capability experiment demonstrated that MA9-P2X7 cells had lower homing potential. The apoptotic rate of freshly isolated leukemia cells had no significant difference between two groups. However, both in vitro culture experiments and in vivo BrdU incorporation assay demonstrated that MA9-P2X7 cells had enhanced proliferation potential, i.e. more S and G2/M phase cells but less G0/G1 phase cells. Moreover, upon treatment with Ara-C, though MA9-P2X7 cells were more sensitive to Ara-C, but the mice had shorter survival time. Furthermore, in vitro colony assay and limiting dilution transplantation experiments showed that MA9-P2X7 cells formed more colonies and had a 7.25-folds increase in LICs frequency. We also detected the expression of c-Kit, and the results showed that the majority of MA9-P2X7 cells were c-Kit+, whereas control cells have two populations and more than half of them were c-Kit-. Leukemia mice in MA9-P2X7 group had shorter survival time than those in the c-Kit+ control group. Our results suggested that leukemia cells overexpressing P2X7 possessed the characteristics of both greater proliferation potential and higher LICs frequency, which contributed to the accelerated progression of leukemia. This work was supported by grants 81570153, 81770183 and 81170511 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); programs 2016-I2M-2-006 and 2017-I2M-1-015 from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS); grant 17JCZDJC35000 from the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation; and Graduate Student Innovation Fund (2014-0710-1021) from Peking Union Medical College. Z.GG. is a recipient of the New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-08-0329). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Study on Residents' Competency Education Needs of Rural Village Types - Focused on the Building up Rural Village Revitalization -

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rural development business policy of our country is seeking to change the existing top-down development method to the bottom-up development one. As residents' participation in village development is being focused, residents competence has come to be considered important. Thus, this study classified the village type by investigating resources of the target villages in Chungcheongnam-do through a rural forum, and examined education needs targeting the residents of the villages through a survey. The preferred the types, of education according to the types of farm villages were examined. It is needed to raise the efficiency of enhancing village development competence by regarding execution of the priority of competence enhancing education as a practical strategy. This also can be used as the baseline data for rural catchment typing research.
The Onset of Social Class Tastes among Children of Migrants in France: Competing Food Patterns in the Context of Migration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores social variations in food acculturation in the context of migration. While the literature on this issue has documented changes in eating practices among adults, this study focuses on the children of migrants. The research is based on data collected among elementary and middle school students, and relies on an approach combining focus group discussions with a survey questionnaire. Results reveal that food preferences among children of migrants are more strongly influenced by their family social background than by their ethnic characteristics. Main findings confirm Pierre Bourdieu’s theory about social distinction as more involved in social reproduction than in ethno-cultural reproduction. However this social reproduction doesn’t follow a singular common pattern. The coexistence of competing food patterns among migrants highlights the plurality of minority cultures resisting the dominant norm, as Claude Grignon has already shown about the French working class.
Towards an enhanced pipeline health monitoring system : optical fiber bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Increasing natural gas consumption in Singapore has led to an ever expanding network of pipelines for delivery and transportation of gas. These pipes transporting highly pressurized flammable gas often run underground and real-time pipeline health monitoring system is highly essential for detection of the location of small cracks prior to devastating ruptures. Over the years, different techniques such as non-optical systems have been developed to measure leakage in gas pipelines. However, most of these methods are very expensive and incapable of detecting the exact leak location. Optical based monitoring techniques like Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are cheap and safe and can potentially be used for the real-time condition monitoring of gas pipelines. Already, FBGs have been demonstrated for the sensing of temperature and strain, both of which are critical in determining the structural health of pipelines. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of metallization on the temperature sensitivity of FBG. The temperature sensitivity of 1.31 ± 0.09 µm, 6.10 ± 0.9 µm, 8.52 ± 0.6 µm and 13.17±1.15 µm thick nickel coated FBG sensors were 0.01203 nm/°C, 0.01427 nm/°C, 0.01505 nm/°C and 0.01627 nm/°C respectively, representing a significant improvement over uncoated FBG. The thickness of the metal is found to have a direct correlation with temperature sensitivity. The hysteresis of the metal coated fiber is less than 1 % and the limit of detection is less than 0.2°C. Crucially, the FBGs can be connected in series along an optical fiber to carry out simultaneous temperature measurement of multiple locations. Thus, the fabricated FBG temperature sensors can potentially be used as a component of an optical system for early detection of gas leakage in pipelines.
The Self-Knowledge and the Phenomenon of Estrangement/Alienation of the Human in Gnosticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the dawns of the new millennium, in a world of ideas continuously moving, dominated by the super-eminence of producing material goods, in a context of a new postmodern globalising society, which presents a hedonist mercantile pseudospirituality and is based on the dimensions of Profit, Eros and Consume, the humanity is confronted with a challenge without precedent, due to the nihilist vision on the world, but also due to the reduction of the human being to the perspective of the economical quality, object or simple merchandise. In the context of these existentialist aspects of the postmodern neo-gnostic man, starting from the phenomenon of self-alienation/ estrangement, the world has come to the point where the human is seen reduced only from the civilizational-materialist perspective of the poverty or of the well-being. In this context, from the generous thematic offered by the title of this year symposium in ConstanÅ£a – The Ego – Self and Constientia – The Dialogue between neurosurgery/ neurotheology[1], psychology/psychotherapy[2]and theology, we chose as for our research the theme of estrangement/ alienation of the Self in the perspective of the gnostic literature. This old literature contains the theme of the metaphysical alienation of the soul, a theme that will paradoxically culminate, theoretically and practically, in a system that is entirely hostile to the metaphysics
Family multinationals: a systematic literature review to take stock and look ahead

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The authors develop a systematic literature review of research on family multinationals, i.e. firms owned by one or more families that engage in foreign direct investments (FDIs). Building on the examination of past and current research, the authors develop an integrative framework and identify directions to advance this area of research. Design/methodology/approach Coherently with recommendations for systematic literature reviews, the authors developed and followed a systematic search protocol, selecting and reviewing 92 articles on family multinationals published from 1991 to 2021. The authors then identified the most recurrent and emerging themes in these studies to build an integrative framework. Findings In recent years, the literature on family firm internationalization has grown exponentially, and with it the focus on family multinationals. However, the study of family multinationals has many theoretical and methodological shortcomings that have only allowed marginally appreciating their entrepreneurial aspects. In this study, the authors take stock to identify the critical knowledge gaps and motivate future researchers to fill this breach. Originality/value In conducting the first systematic literature review of family multinationals, the authors provide an integrative account of current knowledge, develop a reconciling framework and identify directions for future research.
The immune response to phage fd in normal and thymus‐deprived animals of a low responding inbred strain and in genetically thymusless mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Thymus‐deprived and normal DBA/2 mice show no difference in the immune response to bacteriophage fd, an antigen for which these mice are low responders. Thymectomy in high responders reduces the response 100–1000‐fold. The immune response to SRBC in the deprived and normal DBA/2 has also been tested. The drastically reduced response in deprived mice shows that these animals indeed lack thymic influence. Low responder DBA/2 mice have a weak primary and secondary response to the phage fd. They largely produce IgM, but in spite of that, they are able to build up an immunological memory. The data suggest that the inability of DBA/2 mice to respond well to fd is a thymus deficiency. This observation is supported by the finding that polyacrylic acid converts low responder DBA/2 mice to high responders. Genetically thymusless (nude) C57BL/6‐nu/nu mice are low responders, but, in contrast to DBA/2, are unable to form an immunological memory. The secondary response is identical in height and rate with a primary response.
Utopia, Anti-Utopia and Science Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relationship between Utopian literature and science fiction is a complex and in some respects problematic one. While the two genres have come to overlap to the extent that some argue they have effectively merged, their origins are nevertheless quite distinct. For the teacher of Utopian literature (the fictional representation of a more perfect society, as distinct from Utopian political theory, which has an even longer history) the obvious starting point is Thomas More's Utopia (1516), whereas in the case of science fiction, although its origins are more open to debate, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) is the most commonly assumed foundational text.1 By most reckonings, then, Utopian literature pre-dates the emergence of what comes to be known as science fiction by over three hundred years. And while some Utopias of the intervening period, such as Tomasso Campanella's The City of the Sun (1623) and Francis Bacon's The New Atlantis (1627), may envisage scientific innovation as an important aspect of their imagined societies, it would be hard to describe the result as science fiction, inasmuch as nothing that actually happens in either narrative is in any way affected by the fact.
Challenging the unthinkable: gay and lesbian parents between redefinition and exclusion in Italy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the approval of the Cirinnà law and the on-going changes in public attitudes towards LGBT families and couples, the familial and parental project of gay men and lesbian women keep being “unthinkable” within the Italian socio-cultural landscape where the trope of nature is still a guiding ideal for the construction of both parental and kinship relationships. Drawing upon 29 qualitative interviews with gay men and lesbian women, we analyse how informants negotiate the persisting heteronormativity of the Italian context both in their intimate lives and in the encounter with the public sphere, by discussing the tensions between a process of redefinition of the traditional family and kinship roles within the family network and the persisting exclusion from the public sphere. Keywords: same-sex parents, heteronormativity, family, kinship.
Final Report on CIPM key comparison of multiples and submultiples of the kilogram (CCM.M-K2)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A key comparison concerning mass determination of five mass standards has been carried out under the auspices of the Comit? Consultatif pour la Masse et les Grandeurs Apparant?es (CCM) from March 1998 to March 1999. The nominal values of the mass standards were 100 mg, 2 g, 20 g, 500 g and 10 kg. The fourteen participants have been divided into three groups and the corresponding three sets of standards have been circulated within the groups in parallel. The pilot laboratory, PTB, has measured the volumes, the centres of gravity and the magnetic susceptibilities of the standards before the circulation and has communicated these values to the participants. PTB has also verified the stability of all travelling standards in advance. The majority of the instabilities of the standards during their circulation were insignificant. They have been considered for the evaluation of the results. Table 1 shows the results reported by the laboratories. A first evaluation based on the combined standard uncertainties and referred to the pilot laboratory's results has shown a few outliers, see figures 1 to 5. The participants decided therefore to choose the median as a 'robust' reference value. Tables 5 to 9 show the differences and associated uncertainties between the laboratories in the form of matrices. The degrees of equivalence of the participating laboratories for each of the five mass determinations are presented in table 11 and are shown in figures 6 to 10. These results are associated with the expanded uncertainties referred to a confidence level of 95%. They show no outliers except for two at 500 g and one at 20 g. No laboratory had more than one outlier of the five results. This key comparison can therefore be considered as very successful. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
Coal gasification ash and Weathered fly ash, as partial replacement of Portland cement – effect on selected durability properties of concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study uses Sasol ashes as cement extenders to contribute to the technology of partially replacing Portland cement by mass. There are two types of Sasol ashes; coal gasification ash (CGA) and weathered fly ash (WFA) produced from low grade coal. These ashes are disposed of by Sasol with no specific utilisation. In this investigation, PC will be partially replaced by mass with WFA, CGA and FA at 10%, 15% and 30% proportions for each type of ash. The durability indices will be measured and compared for all blended specimen (PC/WFA, PC/CGA and PC/FA). A 100% Portland cement specimen will be used as a control. The durability properties will be used to determine the potential of Sasol ashes being used as a cement extender.
Terpenoids. Part V

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure (I) of occidol, a new sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from the essential oil of the wood of Thuja occidentalis L. has been proposed in a recent paper. The structure is confirmed by (a) comparison of the infrared spectrum of the synthesized racemate with that of occidol, and (b), by the mixed m. p. of picrate of the synthesized 6-isopropyl-1, 4-dimethylnaphthalene with that of a dehydrogenated product of occidol.
Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydro[1,10]phenanthroline Derivatives and Their Properties as Hole‐Blocking Layer Materials for Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Psychometric considerations of depression symptom rating scales

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A major difficulty associated with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is that it cannot be unequivocally tied to observable bodily functions in the sense that a condition like hypertension can be described in terms of elevated blood pressure. Thus, MDD exemplifies what is called a ‘latent variable’, ‘inferred variable’ or ‘construct’. Creation of scales to measure MDD symptomatology in adult populations is a popular line of research. The traditional approaches to constructing and evaluating scales are known as classical test theory, but modern test theory – more specifically, item response theory – offers some advantages. One useful feature is the ability to equate a score of X on scale A with a score of Y on scale B. Both classical test theory and item response theory are examined in this review. Perhaps the main point is that scales for depression, whether based upon self reporting or clinician rating, use fairly similar item content so that they are more similar than different. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the general considerations involved in constructing depression scales, which applies to the many other latent variables studied in psychiatry, and to compare important factors regarding the utility of scales for research and clinical practice.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in various tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background. Tumors are the second most common cause of death in humans worldwide, second only to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although methods and techniques for the treatment of tumors continue to improve, the effect is not satisfactory. These may lack effective therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate the value of SNHG12 as a biomarker in the prognosis and clinical characteristics of various cancer patients. Methods. We analyzed SNHG12 expression and plotted the survival curves of all cancer samples in the TCGA database using the GEPIA tool. Then, we searched for eligible papers up to April 1, 2019 in databases. Next, the data were extracted from studies examining SNHG12 expression, overall survival and clinicopathological features in patients with malignant tumors. We used Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15 software to analyze the statistical data. Results. In the TCGA database, abnormally high expression of SNHG12 in tumor samples indicates that the patient has a poor prognosis. Results of meta-analysis is that SNHG12 high expression is related to low overall survival (HR=2.72, 95% CI=1.95-3.8, P<0.00001), high tumor stage (OR=3.94, 95% CI=2.80-5.53, P<0.00001), high grade (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.18-3.51, P=0.01), distant metastasis (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.40-3.46, P=0.0006), tumor size (OR=2.79, 95% CI=1.89-4.14, P<0.00001) and lymph node metastasis (OR=2.66, 95%CI=1.65-4.29, P<0.0001). Conclusions .Our study confirmed that the high expression level of SNHG12 is closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients and is a new predictive biomarker for various cancer patients.
EPA-0127 – Health seeking behaviour in parents of children and adolescents with mental health problems in sri lanka

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although child mental health problems are prevalent, treatment gap is high. Low literacy level on child mental health problems in the general population and religious and cultural practices may be responsible but has not been extensively studied in Sri Lanka. To elicit the parental beliefs about causes of child mental health problems and how such beliefs may influence help seeking behaviour. A descriptive study. The sample comprised of all consecutive new referrals over a period of 3 months to make up a total of 52. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Frequency distribution and chi square test was used to analyze data. Average age was 7.2 years (range 3–16). Main presenting problems were speech delay (n=15, 28.8%) and aggressive behaviour (n=9, 17.3%). Bad astrological period was given by parents as the as the cause in 46.1% of children. Bodhi-poojas and astrological interventions were performed in 61.5% and 44.2% respectively before a decision was made to seek medical help. In 61.6% of children, the delay in getting medical help was delayed as long as 2 years (mean delay 23.5 months). In 30.8%, the delay was the result of inappropriate reassurance given by doctors. There was no statistically significant association between parental educational level and delay in seeking help or use of cultural rituals (p>0.05). The study highlights the delay in receiving attention for mental health needs and the financial burden on families, indicating the importance of improving mental health literacy of the general public and among medical practitioners.
Statin-mediated protective effects in the central nervous system: General mechanisms and putative role of stress proteins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or "statins", are used as cholesterol-lowering agents worldwide. This review, focused on recent experimental and clinical data, summarizes general mechanisms of statin actions underlying neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and presents evidence for putative mechanisms involving heat shock proteins and the survival-related PI-3K/Akt pathway that may be beneficial for the treatment of neurological disorders. Methods: We carried out a medline search on statin actions, with respect to biochemical pathways and signal transduction on the one hand, and clinical studies in neurologic and retinal diseases on the other hand. Novel experimental data obtained in a rat model of axonal CNS injury were also included. Results: Statins exert multiple effects on endothelial function, cell proliferation, inflammatory response, immunological reactions, platelet function, and lipid oxidation. These "pleiotropic actions" are independent of cholesterol lowering and appear to be beneficial in the context of brain injury. Several mechanisms of statin actions underlying neuroprotective effects may also involve heat shock proteins and the survival-related PI-3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions: Available data suggest that statins may be of potential therapeutic use in a variety of diseases of the CNS including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and some forms of retinal and eye diseases. Before general recommendations can be made and specific therapeutic approaches can be developed, more reliable clinical data and studies are required, and possible side effects must be carefully evaluated.