jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of Simulation Platform for Oropharyngeal Airway Placement and Design Evaluation of the Bardo Airway

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Off-label use of traditional Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) as a bite-block, and the subsequential procedure of force exertion of the device by physician has caused many cases of patient’s teeth damage and monetary loss, as the patient’s incisors were damaged while clenching on the OPA during an adverse scenario called “Emergency Clenching”. To remedy this harmful situation, Bardo OPA was developed by Dr. Theodore Burdumy. The Bardo airway has unique design to transfer the clenching force from incisor to the molar. However, the Bardo OPA is one-sized, and cannot fit most of the patients like the commonly-used OPAs, such as the Berman and Gudel OPA, which have a spectrum of sizes to ensure fit. In this project, a Computer Assisted Design (CAD) simulation platform was developed to simulate the scenario where OPA is placed in a patient’s oral cavity. CAD – related technique and tools, such as 3D scanner (ScanStudio HD), RapidWorks, SolidWorks and Mimics were utilized to create the models used to construct the platform. The purpose of this platform is to generate data to support the development of additional sizes and other modification to improve the current design of the Bardo OPA. MRI sets of nine (9) patients were obtained and converted into STL mesh models. Berman and Guedel OPA were used as the standard for comparison against the Bardo OPA. It was found that the Bardo OPA was able to fit into all sample patients’ models, while these models were fitted with Berman and Guedel OPA of 70-90mm (Small to medium adult) sizes. It can only be concluded that the Bardo is compatible with these OPA sizes and there was not enough evidence to show the need for additional sizes. Nevertheless, some functional features of the Bardo OPA were found potentially harmful to the patients or ineffective. Three approaches were suggested to improve the design of the Bardo to achieve better safety and efficacy.
Comparison of blood gases, hematological and monitorization parameters and determine prognostic importance of selected variables in hypotensive and non-hypotensive calves with sepsis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Amaç: Sunulan çalışmada hipotansif ve hipotansif olmayan sepsisli buzağılarda kan gaz, hemogram ve monitorizasyon parametrelerini karşılaştırmak ve mortalite tahmininde olası prognostik değişkenleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç veYöntem: Araştırmaya sepsis kriterlerini taşıyan 22 adet buzağı dahil edildi.Hipotansiyon için sistolik kan basıncının (SBP) <90 mmHg ve / veya ortalama arteriyel kan basıncının (MAP) <65 mmHg kriterleri göz önünde
The racemate of pinoresinol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mol­ecules in the crystals of (±)-pinoresinol, C20H22O6, were found to be statistically disordered. A model of the disorder was deduced. The crystal structure of (±)-pinoresinol is compared with published crystal structures of (+)-pinoresinol and the related compound (−)-syringaresinol. Bond lengths and angles in the crystal structure of (+)-pinoresinol are reasonable, while the crystal structure of (−)-syringaresinol exhibits anomalies resembling those observed for (±)-pinoresinol before the disorder was resolved. The conformation of the dioxabi­cyclo­octane ring system in (±)-pinoresinol differs from that of (+)-pinoresinol, but is similar to that of (−)-syringaresinol.
Home away from the home front: the British in the Balkans during the Great War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a social history of the British in Serbia, Greece, and what is today Macedonia during the Great War. It explores British wartime experiences by examining their perception of national identity and their attitude towards other nationalities, their relationships and standards of propriety and appearance, aspects of everyday life including recreation, food and drink, the role that events played in forming a communal identity, reactions to and interactions with space and place in Salonika, and their motivations and perceptions of the worth of their work. British people on the Balkan front adapted to their wartime experiences and circumstances with the aid of their cultural background and priorities, existing connections and relationships, their interpretation of their environments, and their sense of duty and accomplishments. Rather than considering or acting as though their wartime experiences were a deviation from their prewar lives, Britons actively integrated these experiences into their everyday lives, and furthermore relied upon their prewar perceptions, connections, and understanding in order to make sense of their wartime lives.
SOME SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP TOURISM HUMAN RESOURCES FOR ENTERPRISES IN HAI PHONG CITY, VIETNAM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article focuses on analyzing some solutions to promote the development of tourism human resources of enterprises in Hai Phong city. Those are solutions on strengthening the state management for tourism human resource development for enterprises; improving the effectiveness of training, fostering human resource, and building a specific mechanism to attract tourism human resources for enterprises. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0995/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Short-term audio-tactile training affects cortical speech-envelope tracking but not speech intelligibility

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Humans are adept at integrating auditory and visual information to improve intelligibility, which can improve neural tracking of the speech envelope. Speech-relevant tactile information also improves tracking yet effects on intelligibility are mixed, possibly because we are not regularly exposed to speech-relevant tactile information. Here, we used a short-term audio-tactile training protocol to fundamentally advance understanding of audio-tactile integration capabilities during speech perception. Data from 64 younger adult participants (aged 18-29) were collected over five EEG sessions. Participants completed a speech-in-noise task, with audio-tactile and audio-only stimuli. Participants then received training with either tactile information that was congruent with sentences heard (trained group) or incongruent (pseudo-trained group). After three training sessions, participants completed the speech-in-noise task again in a fourth session. Measures of neural speech-envelope tracking were recorded. Two weeks later, participants returned for a follow-up session. Results indicated a significant effect of session (pre- or post-training) on speech intelligibility, but no significant effect of group (trained, or pseudo-trained) or stimulus (audio-only, or audio-tactile). At baseline, there was a significant increase in speech-envelope tracking accuracy with audio-tactile stimuli relative to audio-only, suggesting more accurate neural representation during perception of audio-tactile stimuli. After training, there was no benefit of congruent training to audio-tactile tracking, but there was an enhancement of audio-only speech-envelope tracking following incongruent training. This suggests that speech intelligibility and tracking of audio-tactile speech are not enhanced by short-term audio-tactile training. This work challenges prevailing assumptions by demonstrating a lack of support for the assumed link between tracking and intelligibility. These data provide critical evidence that will inform future innovation of speech understanding in technology.
N-Butylphthalide downregulates Nogo/NgR expressions in rat brain tissues after carbon monoxide poisoning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the expressions of neurite outgrowth inhibitor (Nogo), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1), and neuro-protective effect of N-Butylphthalide (NBP) in rat brain tissues following acute CO poisoning.

Methods
Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, CO poisoning group and NBP treatment group (n=20). Rats in CO poisoning group and NBP treatment group were induced acute CO poisoning in hyperbaric chamber and received hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Meanwhile, rats in the NBP treatment group were subjected to oral NBP 6 mg/100 g twice a day additionally. The expressions of Nogo, MAG and NgR1 were investigated in rat brain tissues by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining 1 day, 3 days, 1 week and 4 weeks after CO exposure.

Results
With the prolongation of CO poisoning, the levels of Nogo, MAG and NgR1 in brain tissues of the CO poisoning group were gradually increased, and their expressions could still be detected at 4 weeks after CO poisoning. NBP treatment group had significantly reduced Nogo and NgR1 protein levels, and statistical differences were noted as compared with those in the CO poisoning group at each time point (P 0.05).

Conclusions
The levels of Nogo, MAG and NGR1 proteins may be associated with brain injury and demyelination induced by CO poisoning. NBP can downregulate the levels of Nogo and NgR1 proteins (but not MAG), and may play a neuro-protective role in brain damage after acute CO poisoning.

Key words:
Carbon monoxide poisoning; N-Butylphthalide; Neurite outgrowth inhibitor; Myelin-associated glycoprotein; Nogo receptor-1
The arthritis of inflammatory childhood myositis syndromes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nonerosive arthritis involving the knees, wrists, elbows, and fingers is a frequent manifestation of JDM and other idiopathic childhood myositis. The arthritis is seen early in the course of JDM and often responds to treatment. However, the arthritis may recur with tapering of corticosteroids despite remission of the JDM. In a significant proportion of JDM cases, arthritis is the major sequela and may warrant further medical therapy or intraarticular corticosteroid injections.
CATASTROPHIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME PRESENTING AS DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH BILATERAL BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Cardiac manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is mainly in the form of left‐sided valvular insufficiency, intra‐cardiac thrombi or coronary artery occlusion. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a rare but important cardiac manifestation of APS, and responds well to adequate anticoagulation and steroids. We describe a case in which APS presented with dilated cardiomyopathy and bilateral retinal artery thrombosis.
Density of adrenoceptors in rat heart and lymphocytes 48 hours and 7 days after acute myocardial infarction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Down regulation of the beta adrenoceptor is thought to play an important role in the diminished response to catecholamines in heart failure. beta Adrenoceptor densities were measured on membrane homogenates of rat right ventricle and lymphocytes 48 h or 7 d after experimental myocardial infarction, and in rats exposed to a continuous infusion of isoprenaline (400 micrograms.kg-1.h1). The performance of the rat hearts was also evaluated 48 h post infarction in an isolated retrograde perfused heart preparation. In contrast to a 60% down regulation in right ventricle and a 20% down regulation in lymphocyte membranes after isoprenaline infusion, there was no change in right ventricle and lymphocyte beta adrenoceptor densities after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular contractile performance was significantly depressed 48 h after myocardial infarction. Mean basal left ventricular pressure decreased from 108(SEM 3) to 63(4) mm Hg while the maximal response to dobutamine was decreased from 204(4) to 105(12) mm Hg (n = 8). No correlation was found between the receptor densities of right ventricular and lymphocyte membranes. We conclude that diminished response to beta sympathomimetics after myocardial infarction cannot be attributed to a loss of surface beta adrenoceptors, and that the lymphocyte beta adrenoceptor does not provide an adequate system to monitor small receptor changes on the myocardium.
Occurrence of MTBE in drinking water sources

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A recent survey investigates the prevalence of MTBE in drinking water supplies and evaluates the efficacy of treatment for MTBE removal. Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is of concern to the drinking water supply profession because of its strong taste and odor effects, potential risk to human health, tendency to migrate rapidly in groundwater, and resistance to conventional water treatment processes. An occurrence survey was performed from 1997 to 1998 to assess the prevalence of MTBE in surface and subsurface drinking water supplies. The survey examined 342 wells in 17 states, and MTBE was detected at least once in 30 wells (~8.8 percent). All samples were below the US Environmental Protection Agency's taste and odor advisory level of 20 μg/L. In addition, 92 surface water sites in 12 states were evaluated, and MTBE was detected at least once at eight sites (~8.7 percent). The highest concentration (25.1 μg/L) was detected downstream from a known gasoline release. Aeration removed up to 76 percent of low concentrations of MTBE, but activated carbon adsorption was relatively ineffective.
Difference in Lung Volume Changes Following Each Lobectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To clarify the differences in lung volume changes among different types of lobectomy. Methods This retrospective study measured preoperative and 1-year postoperative lung volumes using 3-dimensional computed tomography volumetry. The resected lobe volume ratio (resected lobe volume/preoperative total lung volume) and residual lung volume ratio (postoperative total lung volume/preoperative residual lung volume) were calculated and compared among the lobectomy types. Results Three hundred and ninety-three patients who underwent lobectomy and had both preoperative and postoperative computed tomography were included. The resected lobe volume ratios were 0.20 (right upper lobectomy [RUL]), 0.09 (right middle lobectomy), 0.24 (right lower lobectomy [RLL]), 0.25 (left upper lobectomy [LUL]), and 0.19 (left lower lobectomy [LLL]) and the corresponding residual lung volume ratios were 1.15, 1.09, 1.17, 1.22, and 1.13, respectively. Comparing right and left lobectomies, LUL resulted in significantly higher resected lobe volume ratio and residual lung volume ratio than RUL (P &lt; .001 and P = .032, respectively). Similarly, RLL resulted in significantly higher ratios than LLL (P &lt; .001 and P = .024, respectively). Comparing upper and lower lobectomies, LUL also resulted in higher ratios than LLL (P &lt; .001 for both), whereas RLL resulted in a higher resected lobe volume ratio than RUL (P &lt; .001). However, the residual lung volume ratios were comparable (P = 1.000). Conclusions Although LUL involved larger resected lung volumes, it showed greater compensatory residual lung expansion.
Dealing with digital misinformation: a polarised context of narratives and tribes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advent of the internet and social networks has revolutionised the information space and changed the way in which we communicate and get informed. On the internet, a huge amount of information competes for our (limited) attention. Moreover, despite the increasing quantity of contents, quality may be poor, making the environment particularly florid for misinformation spreading. In such a context, our cognitive biases emerge, first and foremost, confirmation bias, i.e. the human tendency to look for information that is already in agreement with one's system of beliefs. To shade light on the phenomenon, we present a collection of works investigating how information gets consumed and shapes communities on Facebook. We find that confirmation bias plays a crucial role in content selection and diffusion, and we provide empirical evidence of the existence of echo chambers, i.e. well separated and polarised groups of like-minded users sharing a same narrative. Immersed in these bubbles, users keep framing and reinforcing their world view, ignoring information dissenting from their preferred narrative. In this scenario, corrections in the form of fact-checking or debunking attempts seem to fail and have instead a backfire effect. To contrast misinformation, smoothing polarisation is so essential, and may require the design of tailored counter-narratives and appropriate communication strategies, particularly for sensitive topics.
Effects of the L- to H-mode transition on a recessed coil antenna in BPX

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a study of the effects of a simulated L- to H-mode transition for the proposed BPX (Burning Plasma Experiment) device on the coupling of a recessed coil antenna in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. Two computer codes are used: ANTIMP, a code developed by the authors, which uses a Runge-Kutta method of solution, and a finite element code, developed by Brambilla, which has been modified to examine fourfeed antenna coils. The radiation resistance is calculated for antenna parameters consistent with a design proposed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Both finite cavity size and finite phase velocity along the current straps are modelled. The plasma density is simulated using both piecewise linear profiles and parabolic profiles. For anticipated BPX values of the density gradient at the separatrix, the radiation resistance decreases by a factor of two to three during an L- to H-mode transition. The reduction of the value of the radiation resistance due to finite phase velocity can be minimized by using a four-feeder scheme.
Hope is of God: The inauguration of the Uniting Church in Australia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter outlines the development of the Uniting Church in Australia and notes that, at the denomination's inauguration in 1977, it was regarded by many as being an ecclesial beacon of light and hope. IN the years since, however, that hope has trended towards despair, with the UCA being riven by divisions, factionalisms and bitter controversies. However, the author insists on the theological underpinning that lay at the foundataion of the UCA - that hope is of God, and that there remains reason still to hope.
A report on the X-ray properties of the τ Sco-like stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An increasing number of OB stars have been shown to possess magnetic fields. Although the sample remains small, it is surprising that the magnetic and X-ray properties of these stars appear to be far less correlated than expected. This contradicts model predictions, which generally indicate that the X-rays from magnetic stars are harder and more luminous than their non-magnetic counterparts. Instead, the X-ray properties of magnetic OB stars are quite diverse. τ Sco is one example where the expectations are better met. This bright main-sequence, early B star has been studied extensively in a variety of wavebands. It has a surface magnetic field of around 500 G, and Zeeman Doppler tomography has revealed an unusual field configuration. Furthermore, τ Sco displays an unusually hard X-ray spectrum, much harder than similar, non-magnetic OB stars. In addition, the profiles of its UV P Cygni wind lines have long been known to possess a peculiar morphology. Recently, two stars, HD 66665 and HD 63425, whose spectral types and UV wind line profiles are similar to those of τ Sco, have also been determined to be magnetic. In the hope of establishing a magnetic field – X-ray connection for at least a subset of the magnetic stars, we obtained XMM–Newton European Photon Imaging Camera spectra of these two objects. Our results for HD 66665 are somewhat inconclusive. No especially strong hard component is detected; however, the number of source counts is insufficient to rule out hard emission. Longer exposure is needed to assess the nature of the X-rays from this star. On the other hand, we do find that HD 63425 has a substantial hard X-ray component, thereby bolstering its close similarity to τ Sco.
An Efficient Low-Delay Routing Algorithm for Opportunistic Networks Based on Exchange of Increments in Packet Indexes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Epidemic-based routing algorithms can reliably transmit data in opportunistic networks.However,they have some redundant control overhead in sensing encountered nodes and exchanging data packets.To address the issue this paper proposes ERBEI(Efficient Routing Based on Exchange of Increments of packet indexes),an efficient low-delay routing algorithm.ERBEI transmits only the increments of packet indexes in the process of packet exchange,deletes the packets reaching destinations from nodes' memory,utilizes only the Hello messages to sense the encountered nodes,and sends the packets approaching their destinations firstly.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that ERBEI outperforms the classical epidemic routing algorithm and one of its present improvements in the terms of control overhead,end-to-end delay,and memory overhead.
Phototoxicity of Protoporphyrin IX, Diarginine Diprotoporphyrinate and N,N-Diphenylalanyl Protoporphyrin Toward Human Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes In Vitro: Effect of 5-Methoxypsoralen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The phototoxicity of two new porphyrin photosensitizers, diarginine diprotoporphyrinate (PP(Arg)2) and N,N-diphenylalanyl protoporphyrin (PP(Phe)2), and the synergistic effect of 5-methoxyposralen (5-MOP) have been studied in comparison with that of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Under ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the phototoxicity of the porphyrins toward cultured human fibroblasts and keratinocytes decreases in the order: PPIX > PP(Arg)2 > PP(Phe)2. A synergistic effect of 5-MOP on the phototoxicity of PPIX, PP(Arg)2 and PP(Phe)2 has been observed. The combination of PPIX, PP(Arg)2 and PP(Phe)2 with 0.1–0.5 μM 5-MOP significantly potentiates the phototoxicity of the three porphyrins. The most effective potentiation was observed with the water-soluble PP(Arg)2 and 5-MOP concentrations lower than 0.75 μM. Above this 5-MOP concentration this potentiation is abolished. The intracellular concentration of PPIX and PP(Phe)2 is independent of the presence of 5-MOP. On the other hand, the intracellular content of PP(Arg)2 is decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the psoralen. Illumination with red light, not absorbed by 5-MOP, leads to a weak potentiation of the PP(Arg)2 phototoxic effect in the presence of 5-MOP, suggesting that dark interaction of 5-MOP with cell membranes aggravated by porphyrin photosensitization is involved in the observed phenomena. The results are tentatively explained by differences in hydrophobicity and molecular structures of the examined photosensitizers. PPIX, which is barely soluble in water, has a significantly higher affinity for cell membranes and simultaneously exerts a stronger phototoxic effect than PP(Arg)2 whose solubility in water is high. On the other hand, the weak phototoxicity of PP(Phe)2 could be explained by the steric hindrance brought by the phenylalanyl substituents on the pyrrole ring. The loss in the PP(Arg)2 cell content probably explains the inhibition of the synergistic effect of 5-MOP on the PP(Arg)2 phototoxicity at high 5-MOP concentration. This study suggests that PP(Arg)2 in combination with 5-MOP might reveal a strong phototoxic effect when applied to skin cancer treatment.