jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of Native Coronary Artery Calcification on Lesion Outcome Following Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to clarify whether native coronary artery（CA） calcification before index percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI） has an impact on the effectiveness of drug-coated balloon（DCB） angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis（ISR）. 100consecutive patients with 166ISR lesions underwent quantitative coronary angiography（QCA） before and after index PCI and before and after DCB angioplasty for ISR. CA calcification before index PCI was assessed by angiography and results were analyzed to reveal the predictive values for target lesion revascularization（TLR） and major adverse cardiac events（MACE）. During 1.03±1.03years of follow-up, TLR occurred in 44lesions（26.5%） and MACE in 33 patients（33%）. On multivariate analysis, CA calcification before index PCI（p=0.016）, and % diameter of stenosis（%DS）≥73%（p=0.023） and minimal lumen diameter（MLD）<0.65mm（p=0.001） before DCB angioplasty were independent predictors for TLR after DCB angioplasty. MACE was also associated with CA calcification before index PCI（p=0.01）, and %DS≥73%（p=0.001） and MLD<0.65mm（p=0.01） before DCB angioplasty, but only %DS≥73% before DCB angioplasty was an independent predictor for MACE after DCB angioplasty（p=0.039）. The combination of CA calcification before index PCI and these QCA factors before DCB angioplasty was an independent and more powerful predictor for MACE than the QCA factors alone（p<0.001）. Thereafter, the combination of CA calcification and %DS≥73% before DCB angioplasty stratified the risk of MACE after DCB angioplasty（p<0.05）. CA calcification before index PCI, as well as anatomical information at ISR, have an impact on outcome after DCB angioplasty for ISR.
The Challenges of Sharing Data in an Era of Politicized Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The goal of making science more transparent-sharing data, posting results on trial registries, use of preprint servers, and open access publishing-may enhance scientific discovery and improve individual and population health, but it also comes with substantial challenges in an era of politicized science, enhanced skepticism, and the ubiquitous world of social media.The recent announcement by the Trump administration of plans to proceed with an updated version of the proposed rule "Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science," 1 stipulating that all underlying data from studies that underpin public health regulations from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must be made publicly available so that those data can be independently validated, epitomizes some of these challenges. 2,3According to EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler: "Good science is science that can be replicated and independently validated, science that can hold up to scrutiny.That is why we're moving forward to ensure that the science supporting agency decisions is transparent and available for evaluation by the public and stakeholders." 3irtually every time JAMA publishes an article on the effects of pollution or climate change on health, the journal immediately receives demands from critics to retract the article for various reasons.Some individuals and groups simply do not believe that pollution or climate change affects human health.Research on climate change, and the effects of climate change on the health of the planet and human beings, if made available to anyone for reanalysis could be manipulated to find a different outcome than initially reported.In an age of skepticism about many issues, including science, with the ability to use social media to disseminate unfounded and at times potentially harmful ideas, it is challenging to balance the potential benefits of sharing data with the harms that could be done by reanalysis.Can the experience of sharing data derived from randomized clinical trials (RCTs)-either as mandated by some funders and journals or as supported by individual investigatorsserve as examples as a way to safeguard "truth" in science.Over the past 3 years, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has issued 2 statements regarding the sharing of data that underpin RCTs.The first statement, published in January 2016, was a proposal for the research community to consider. 4There was criticism of the proposal: some investigators thought the ICMJE was not moving fast enough to insist on immediate availability of all data that underpin the publication of RCTs, whereas others felt that the ICMJE was moving too quickly and had not considered all of the methodologic, statistical, ethical, administrative, and cost issues related to sharing data.
The Inevitability of Moral Evaluation*

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract According to contemporary legal positivism, law claims to create obligations. In order for law to be able to create obligations, it must be capable of having authority. Legal positivism claims that for law to be capable of having authority, it only has to meet non‐moral or non‐normative conditions of authority. In this paper it is argued that law can only be capable of having authority if it also meets certain normative conditions. But if something must meet certain normative conditions in order to be capable of having authority and if it must be capable of having authority in order to be law, then it is only law if it is conceivable that it meets these normative conditions and this can only be ascertained by means of an evaluation. Therefore, legal positivism's claim that determining what the law is does not necessarily, or conceptually, depend on moral or other evaluative considerations (the separation thesis) is incompatible with its claim that law must be able to create obligations. Further, an analysis of Hart's concept of law shows that it is not only possible that the identification of the law depends on moral evaluation, as Hart claims, but that it is conceptually necessary that it does.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ALUMINUM, ALUMINUM FOIL AND SILICON BAKED CUPS ON ALUMINUM AND SILICON MIGRATION IN CAKES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

aluminium toxicity is well recognized in some diseases, the most effective is observed in Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between food and metal pan can be a potential source of aluminium pollution. Recently, silicone cups are used as healthy and safe cups in baking cakes instead of aluminium cups. In this study, aluminium and silicon levels were determined at three types of cake (orange cake, milk cake and control cake). The cake samples were baked in the aluminium cup, aluminium foil cup and silicon cup. The aluminium content increased with a prolonged storage time of cake in all types of cups. The level of aluminium was (6.4- 12.17, 7.04- 14.47 and 9.02- 15.47 mg/kg) in cake baked in aluminium foil cup after zero time, 10 and 20 days of storage respectively that followed by the level of aluminium in the cake in the metallic aluminium cup after zero time, 10 and 20 days of storage (3.4-4.3,3.57-5.6 and 8.06 -13.43 mg/kg) respectively. On the other hand, the silicon level showed little increasing during storage time and ranged from 5-10, 7.3 -17.67 and 8.33-19 mg/ kg at zero time, 10 days and 20 days respectively in all samples. The minimum level of silicone was 5 mg/kg in control cake at zero time. The results clearly indicate that the use of aluminium foil cups for baking contributes significantly to the daily intake of aluminium through the baked cakes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the obtained aluminium values considered to be unacceptable. Finally, excessive consumption of aluminium has extreme health risk effects.
Attempts to Strengthen the Alliance with the United States as an Element of Post-Brexit Foreign Policy of the United Kingdom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the United Kingdom’s foreign policy after its withdrawal from the European Union, which finally took place on February 1, 2020. Brexit made it necessary to redefine British foreign policy, including modification of the strategy aimed not only at maintaining but even strengthening the global position of the United Kingdom. A key element of this new strategy seems to be the strengthening of the US-British alliance, traditionally referred to as the Special Relationship. The author tries to prove the thesis that for the British government, reinforcing the cooperation with the United States is one of the most important ways to counteract the negative effects of Brexit. The experience so far shows, however, that it is not so easy, because after leaving the European Union, the United Kingdom has become for the United States, for many reasons, an increasingly less attractive partner.
Caribbean Social Justice Agenda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book is committed to the issues related to social justice in the Caribbean, and seeks to increase dialogue among practitioners, unions, labor activists, academics, policy-makers and other individuals from across the social sciences and humanities. It is purposely multidisciplinary in orientation, intending to cover issues related to work, workers, labor, and related topics, as well as social, organizational and institutional aspects of work and industrial relations. It aims to set the tone for discourse on a wide range of issues related to the future of work and sustainable Caribbean development, social justice, industrial relations, governance systems, social protection, social dialogue, cooperatives and community empowerment, the future of education, migration and security, among others, nationally, and regionally. This work represents contemporary scholarly contributions from researchers presenting original and innovative research that contribute to the theory, practice and public policy dimensions of work, migration, labor, industrial relations, and related issues.
Response-time bounds of rule-based programs under rule priority structure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A key index of the performance of a rule-based program used in real-time monitoring and control is its response time, defined by the maximum number of rule firings before a fixed point of the program is reached from a start state. Previous work in computing the response-time bounds for rule-based programs assumes that if two rules are enabled, then either one of them may be scheduled for firing. This assumption may be too conservative in the case when programmers choose to impose a priority structure on the set of rules. In this paper, we discuss how to get tighter bounds by taking rule-priority information into account. We show that the rule-suppression relation we previously introduced can be extended to incorporate rule-priority information. A bound-derivation algorithm for programs whose potential-trigger relations satisfy an acyclicity condition is presented, followed by its correctness proof and an analysis example.< >
Dens invaginatus : a case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dens invaginatus is a developmental variation resulting from invasination of the tooth crown of root before calcification. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors. The malformation shows a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis. Root canal therapy may present severe problems because of the complex anatomy of the teeth. So, the early diagnosis of such malformation is crucial and a preventive approach has been recommended. This report describes three cases of dens invaginatus treatment.
Sdp gaps and ugc hardness for multiway cut, 0-extension, and metric labeling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The connection between integrality gaps and computational hardness of discrete optimization problems is an intriguing question. In recent years, this connection has prominently figured in several tight UGC-based hardness results. We show in this paper a direct way of turning integrality gaps into hardness results for several fundamental classification problems. Specifically, we convert linear programming integrality gaps for the Multiway Cut, 0-Extension, and and Metric Labeling problems into UGC-based hardness results. Qualitatively, our result suggests that if the unique games conjecture is true then a linear relaxation of the latter problems studied in several papers (so-called earthmover linear program) yields the best possible approximation. Taking this a step further, we also obtain integrality gaps for a semi-definite programming relaxation matching the integrality gaps of the earthmover linear program. Prior to this work, there was an intriguing possibility of obtaining better approximation factors for labeling problems via semi-definite programming.
Investigating epidemic prone diseases: knowledge and practices of clinical health staff in Ghana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Early detection and prompt reporting of epidemic prone diseases (EPD’s) has been cited as the pivot in the surveillance and control of outbreaks. The contributions by clinical staff towards early detections is highly relevant, however the level of knowledge and attitude towards reporting remains unknown. The study was therefore conducted to examine the knowledge and reporting standards of clinical staff towards outbreak investigations. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was conducted in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), tertiary hospital in Kumasi-Ghana between February and May 2013. Stratified, simple random sampling was used to select 111 participants and a structured questionnaire used as the instrument for data collection.RESULTS: The mean age was 31.1(±6.8) years. About 87% (n=95/111) indicated knowledge of EPD’s. More than half of these, 62.1% (n=59/95) had no idea of the definition and 30.5% (n=29/95) gave correct definition of EPD’s but had limited knowledge on the laboratory specimen required for its investigation. About 48% (n=46/95) of the respondents indicated that they would consult the nurse-in-charge of the ward instead of the public health official when an outbreak is suspected.CONCLUSION: The knowledge level of EPD’s was generally low but was found to be high with meningitis and poliomyelitis. The study has shown that the procedure for reporting EPD’s remains a challenge in the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. A protocol on outbreak investigation procedures would address the gaps identified in the study.
<title>Discrete Approach To Inverse Scattering In Two Dimensions</title>

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe an algorithm for two-dimensional inverse scattering that is based on a finite element approximation of the scalar Helmholtz equation. The algorithm is iterative, so that nonlinearity in the direct scattering can be accounted for, but computationally, the method is slow and, at present, is limited to small problems. Nevertheless, model simulations indicate that the algorithm can produce accurate reconstructions in cases where high-resolution linear methods cannot be applied.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Impact of temperature on the expression of Kennedy Pathway genes in developing soybean seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

McNaughton, A. J. M., Shelp, B. J. and Rajcan, I. 2015. Impact of temperature on the expression of Kennedy Pathway genes in developing soybean seeds. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 87-101. The main oil storage molecule, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be created by the Kennedy Pathway. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of growing temperature on the expression of the Kennedy Pathway genes, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (G3PAT), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), in developing seed of four soybean genotypes with altered fatty acid composition using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The three growing temperatures were: high, 30°C day/25°C night; normal, 25°C day/20°C night; and low, 20°C day/15°C night. The expression of G3PAT steadily declined following 15 d after flowering (DAF), suggesting that it is likely to be more highly expressed earlier in development than was measured in the study. As a result, the expression of G3PAT did not correspond to fatty acid accumulation. LPAAT expression coincided with accumulation of oleic acid (18:1Δ9) and linolenic acid (18:3Δ9,12,15) in a temperature-dependent manner. The expression of DGAT1 corresponded to accumulation of linoleic acid (18:2Δ9,12), which varied among the soybean genotypes, indicating a genotypic effect on the expression of DGAT1. This study suggests that the expression of the acyltransferase enzymes of the Kennedy Pathway influences the fatty acid composition in seed of four altered fatty acid soybean genotypes.
Mobilization and state formation on a frontier of Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Defining mobilization as a powerful tactic and social process enables a critical analysis of state power as well as its spatial configurations and legitimation practices. Mobilization in the site of Đin Biên Ph first appeared during military confrontation (1952–54) and reappeared during land reform (1953–57) and collectivization (1959–60), all of which transformed agrarian community forms, political relations, and economic production – although not always as intended. Analyzing its use, meaning, and contingent effects on a frontier of an emerging Vietnam underlines how mobilization drew on and produced power to regulate relations of rule and production within an emerging nation-state. Drawing on historical sources and in dialog with literatures on social movements and comparative politics, this paper considers a series of mobilizations to represent distinct but inter-related stages in a process of statemaking.
Amorphous silicon solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Amorphous silicon solar cells have been fabricated in several different structures: heterojunctions, p-i-n junctions, and Schottky barrier devices. The procedures used in constructing the various solar cells are discussed, and their photovoltaic properties are compared. At present, the highest conversion efficiency (5.5 percent) has been obtained with a Schottky barrier cell, and this structure appears to offer the best promise of approaching the estimated efficiency limit of ∼ 15 percent.
DSP-based architecture for real-time T1 bandwidth management and control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A proposal is advanced for a synchronous bitstream processor (SYNBIP) that can address nontraditional applications fostered by the proliferation of T1 multiplexers and other high-performance network equipment. SYNBIP can be viewed as a specialized DSP (digital signal processor) optimized for time-division multiplexed applications. SYNBIP can supplant traditional hardware-based solutions that are limited in scope and flexibility by using a software-based architecture that does not impede the realization of new network capabilities. By acting as a generic communications platform, it can be incorporated into a wide range of network equipment to address emerging market opportunities. The author reviews the basics of DS1 communication, explores the internal VLSI architecture, I/O (input/output) data flow, and software structure, and illustrates how this device can support a popular network application: digital data service (DDS).< >
PEARLS Papillomavirus E6 Oncoproteins Take Common Structural Approaches to Solve Different Biological Problems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Papillomaviruses induce benign and malignant epithelial tumors in vertebrates through the action of virally encoded oncoproteins such as E6. Recent studies of human and animal E6 pro-teins determined the three-dimensional structure of E6 when bound to LXXLL peptides derived from E6-targeted cellular proteins. The interaction between diverse E6 proteins and
Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels: Their Structure, Function, and Physiological Roles

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Inwardly rectifying K + (Kir) channels allow K + to move more easily into rather than out of the cell. They have diverse physiological functions depending on their type and their location. There are seven Kir channel subfamilies that can be classified into four functional groups: classical Kir channels (Kir2.x) are constitutively active, G protein-gated Kir channels (Kir3.x) are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors, ATP-sensitive K + channels (Kir6.x) are tightly linked to cellular metabolism, and K + transport channels (Kir1.x, Kir4.x, Kir5.x, and Kir7.x). Inward rectification results from pore block by intracellular substances such as Mg 2+ and polyamines. Kir channel activity can be modulated by ions, phospholipids, and binding proteins. The basic building block of a Kir channel is made up of two transmembrane helices with cytoplasmic NH 2 and COOH termini and an extracellular loop which folds back to form the pore-lining ion selectivity filter. In vivo, functional Kir channels are composed of four such subunits which are either homo- or heterotetramers. Gene targeting and genetic analysis have linked Kir channel dysfunction to diverse pathologies. The crystal structure of different Kir channels is opening the way to understanding the structure-function relationships of this simple but diverse ion channel family.
Exploring the role of SKA surveys with upcoming cosmic microwave background missions in probing primordial features

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This present article is dedicated to thoroughly exploring the competency of the synergy of the upcoming Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) missions and Square Kilometre Array (SKA) surveys in detecting features in the primordial power spectrum. Features are by definition specific scale-dependent modifications to the minimal power-law power spectrum. The functional form of the features depends on the inflationary scenarios taken into consideration. The identification of any conclusive deviation from the feature-less power-law power spectrum will allow us to largely fathom out the microphysics of the primordial universe. Here, we consider three vital theoretically motivated feature models, namely, Sharp feature signal, Resonance feature signal, and Bump feature. To investigate these features, we associate each feature model with a specific scale-dependent function called a template. Here we explore three distinct fiducial models for each feature model and for each fiducial model we compare the sensitivity of 36 different combinations of the cosmological surveys. We implement the Fisher matrix forecast method to obtain the possible constraints on the feature model parameters for the future CMB missions, namely, PICO, CORE-M5, LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 in synergy with upcoming SKA surveys, wherein we explore SKA-Cosmic Shear and SKA-Intensity Mapping surveys. Furthermore, the significance of combining EUCLID-Galaxy surveys with the SKA-Intensity Mapping survey is also explored. To consider the feasibility of propagating theoretical uncertainties of nonlinear scales in estimating the uncertainties on the feature parameters, we adopt redshift dependent upper limits of scales. To demonstrate the relative sensitivities of these future surveys towards the parameters of the feature models, we present a comparative analysis of all three feature models.