jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PWE-047 Full thickness small bowel biopsy in gut dysmotility. Case series of eight patients illustrating the benefits as a diagnostic tool

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Full thickness small bowel biopsies offer the opportunity to make a definitive diagnosis in patients with gastrointestinal dysmotility. However, our experience suggests that standard histological reporting may fail to achieve this diagnosis. This study compares local diagnoses to those of a national expert. Methods We retrospectively reviewed eight sequential patients with symptomatic gastrointestinal dysmotility who were reviewed at a tertiary centre having had locally reported full thickness small bowel biopsies. Local histological reports were compared to those of a national expert. Patient notes were reviewed to determine the clinical impact of achieving a definitive diagnosis. Some patients were questioned regarding the impact of their definitive diagnosis. Results The biopsies of the eight sequential patients had been reported by one of four centres within the West Midlands. All, except one, of these local reports were normal. However, subsequent review of all eight biopsies by the national expert identified pathological changes in all. Diagnoses established included two cases of polyglucosan body myopathy, confirmation of NSAID enteropathy and differing forms of inflammation (eg, lymphocytic plexitis). Establishing these diagnoses enabled accurate prognoses and implementation of subsequent management, including continuation of home parenteral nutrition (HPN, n=6) and consideration for small intestinal transplantation (SIT, n=3). Patients questioned reported additional benefits. Conclusion Gut dysmotility can be highly symptomatic and debilitating leading to intestinal failure (IF), HPN and SIT. Clinical decisions for consideration for HPN and SIT are complex. Decisions must consider the potential for morbidity and mortality against the potential for improvement in nutritional status, quality of life and survival. A full thickness small bowel biopsy, while invasive, offers opportunity for a definitive diagnosis, and thus a prognosis. Published series report an 81% diagnostic yield for small bowel biopsies in patients with suspected gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders, when using routine and immunohisto-chemical techniques. 1 However, standard histopathological reporting, which is often based on H&E staining alone, has less potential for achieving a diagnosis. This is shown by our study in which a diagnosis was achieved in only 13%. Thus, our study highlights the importance of expert review and demonstrates the importance of achieving a diagnosis for patient and clinician. Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. Knowles CH , Veress B, Tornblom H, et al. Safety and diagnostic yield of laparoscopically assisted full-thickness bowel biopsy. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20 :774–9.
Quonset Hut - Museum and Paint Storage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Facility 41303 is a metal Quonset hut that was built in 1960 to serve as office space and a shop during the human crewed Project Mercury missions, the United States’ first man-in-space program. Throughout its tenure, the structure served as office, shop, and storage, most recently for the Space Force Museum’s collection of items from the Cape Canaveral Lighthouse. Adjacent to the Quonset hut is a small, steel plated storage structure identified as a Paint and Oil Locker, Facility 41307. This building dates to 1995 and is not historic.
Founding the Criminal Law: Punishment and Political Thought in the Origins of America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why does society punish criminals? What political principles underlie the determination of punishment to suit the crime? In Founding the Criminal Law, Pestritto studies policies concerning crime and punishment in early America to better understand political thought during the founding era, bringing fresh insights to modern debates about the consequences of lawbreaking. Basing his research on original government documents, state constitutions, the arguments of America's founders, and the writings of such influential reformers as William Penn, William Bradford, and Thomas Jefferson, Pestritto analyzes the complex mix of punishment philosophies at work in early America. He shows how the political principles that guided America's founders in their selection of criminal punishments contribute to the current debate over crime and justice in America. Impressive and interdisciplinary, Founding the Criminal Law holds particular interest for political scientists, American and legal historians, and criminal justice scholars.
Practical Applications of Shoring Up Shortfalls: Women, Retirement, and the Growing GigSupp Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In Shoring Up Shortfalls: Women, Retirement, and the Growing GigSupp Economy, from the Summer 2021 issue of The Journal of Retirement, authors Caroline Lewis Bruckner (of American University in Washington, DC) and Jonathan Barry Forman (of Oklahoma Collegeof Law in Norman, OK) explored the growth of gig work that people do to supplement their regular income (GigSupp work). Smartphone apps like Uber and DoorDash have driven the rise of online gig work, but most gig workers do traditional odd jobs offline. Most GigSupp workers are women, and there is little research on them—so the authors focused on the effects of GigSupp work on women’s retirement prospects. They found that many GigSupp workers underreport their income to the IRS and thus undermine their Social Security retirement income potential. This is because current tax laws do not require payors to report many types of payments they make to gig workers. Gig workers also have lower rates of saving for retirement. This is problematic for women gig workers, who are less likely to have full-time jobs and tend to have lower financial literacy. The authors recommended policy changes to improve tax reporting, allow tax withholding from gig worker pay, expand Social Security benefits, and provide financial literacy education.
The Polls and the U.S. Presidential Election in 2020 …. and 2024

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

AbstractArguably, the single greatest determinant of U.S. public policy is the identity of the president. And if trusted, polls not only provide forecasts about presidential-election outcomes but can act to shape those outcomes. Looking ahead to the 2024 U.S. presidential election and recognizing that polls before the 2020 presidential election were sharply criticized, we consider whether such harsh assessments are warranted. Initially, we explore whether such polls as processed by the sophisticated aggregator FiveThirtyEight successfully forecast actual 2020 state-by-state outcomes. We evaluate FiveThirtyEight’s forecasts using customized statistical methods not used previously, methods that take account of likely correlations among election outcomes in similar states. We find that, taken together, the pollsters and FiveThirtyEight did an excellent job in predicting who would win in individual states, even those “tipping point” states where forecasting is more difficult. However, we also find that FiveThirtyEight underestimated Donald Trump’s vote shares by state to a modest but statistically significant extent. We further consider how the polls performed when the more primitive aggregator Real Clear Politics combined their results, and then how well single statewide polls performed without aggregation. It emerges that both Real Clear Politics and the individual polls fared surprisingly well.
Optimization of Deformable Magnetic-Sensitive Hydrogel-Based Targeting System in Suspension Fluid for Site-Specific Drug Delivery

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For optimization of the targeting performance of the magnetic hydrogel subject to the magneto-chemo-hydro-mechanical coupled stimuli, a multiphysics model for a suspension fluid flow in a blood vessel is developed, in which a deformable magnetic-sensitive hydrogel-based drug targeting system moves with fluid. In this model, the fluid-structure interaction of the movable and deformable magnetic hydrogel with surrounding fluid flow is characterized through the fully coupled arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm. Moreover, the four physicochemical responsive mechanisms are considered, including hydrogel magnetization, solvent diffusion, fluid flow, and nonlinear large deformation. After the present model is examined by the experimental data in open literature, the transient behaviors of the motion and deformation of the magnetic hydrogel are investigated in suspension flow. It is found that the higher flow velocity and/or the larger hydrogel size accelerate the movement of the hydrogel, while the smaller hydrogel size contributes to the larger swelling ratio. Furthermore, the performance of the magnetic targeting system is optimized for delivering the drug-loaded hydrogel to the desired site by tuning the maximum magnetic field strength, the maximum inlet flow velocity, and the magnet position. Therefore, it is confirmed that the present optimizable magnetic hydrogel-based drug targeting system via the multiphysics model may provide a promising efficient platform for site-specific drug delivery.
Možnosti integrované výchovy dětí se zrakovým postižením v předškolním věku

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The first part of this dissertation is focused on integrated education of handicapped peoples. It describes targets and solutions of integration, their levels and their sense for all participants. It discusses about possibilities of integral education in CZ, conditions of integrated education, which are essentials for their successful realization. The second part is focused on the evolution of health children of pre-school age. The third part describes specifics of development areas of handicapped children of preschool age. The fourth part contains targets, themes of per-school education, which are dealt with within the education framework. The fifth part presents divisions between sight handicaps, includes characteristics of persons with eye handicap and possibilities of reeducation. Controlled interviews and written questionnaires will be used like a method of research in writhed form. Data obtained will be included in the summary.
Additional file 9: Figure S6. of Physiological and de novo transcriptome analysis of the fermentation mechanism of Cerasus sachalinensis roots in response to short-term waterlogging

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scatter plot of KEGG pathway enrichment statistics and the most enrichment pathway at different waterlogging durations. a-f: Top 20 statistics of up-regulated and down regulated pathway enrichment at different waterlogging durations. (PPTX 2794Â kb)
SkyEye: When Your Vision Reaches Beyond IAM Boundary Scope in AWS Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, cloud security has emerged as a primary concern for enterprises due to the increasing trend of migrating internal infrastructure and applications to cloud environments. This shift is driven by the desire to reduce the high costs and maintenance fees associated with traditional on-premise infrastructure. By leveraging cloud capacities such as high availability and scalability, companies can achieve greater operational efficiency and flexibility. However, this migration also introduces new security challenges. Ensuring the protection of sensitive data, maintaining compliance with regulatory requirements, and mitigating the risks of cyber threats are critical issues that must be addressed. Identity and Access Management (IAM) constitutes the critical security backbone of most cloud deployments, particularly within AWS environments. As organizations adopt AWS to scale applications and store data, the need for a thorough, methodical, and precise enumeration of IAM configurations grows exponentially. Enumeration refers to the systematic mapping and interrogation of identities, permissions, and resource authorizations with the objective of gaining situational awareness. By understanding the interplay between users, groups, and their myriads of policies, whether inline or attached managed policies, security professionals need to enumerate and identify misconfigurations, reduce the risk of unauthorized privilege escalation, and maintain robust compliance postures. This paper will introduce SkyEye, a cooperative multi-principal IAM enumeration framework, which comprises cutting-edge enumeration models in supporting complete situational awareness regarding the IAMs of provided AWS credentials, crossing the boundary of principal-specific IAM entitlement vision to reveal the complete visionary while insufficient authorization is the main challenge.
Suppression of motional dephasing using state mapping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Rydberg-mediated quantum optics is a useful route toward deterministic quantum information processing based on single photons and quantum networks, but is bottlenecked by the fast motional dephasing of Rydberg atoms. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate suppressing the motional dephasing by creating an {\it a priori} unknown but correct phase to each Rydberg atom in an atomic ensemble. The phase created is exactly proportional to the unknown velocity of the thermal motion, resulting in a condition as if no thermal motion occurs to the Rydberg atom upon the retrieval of the signal photon. Our experiments, though hampered by the noise of lasers and the environment, demonstrate more than one order of magnitude enhancement of the coherence time. The feasibility of realizing long-lived storage of single photons in strongly interacting Rydberg media sheds new light on Rydberg-mediated quantum nonlinear optics.
Abstract P1122: Coupled Myovascular Expansion Directs Cardiac Growth And Regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Heart regeneration requires multiple cell types to enable cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. How these cells interact to create growth niches is unclear. Here we profile proliferation kinetics of cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) and CMs in the neonatal mouse heart and find that they are spatiotemporally coupled. Methods and Results: We show that coupled myovascular expansion during cardiac growth or regeneration is dependent upon VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling, as genetic deletion of Vegfr2 from CECs or inhibition of VEGFA abrogates both CEC and CM proliferation. Repair of cryoinjury displays poor spatial coupling of CEC and CM proliferation. Boosting CEC density after cryoinjury with virus encoding Vegfa enhances regeneration. Using Mendelian randomization, we demonstrate that circulating VEGFA levels are positively linked with human myocardial mass, suggesting that Vegfa can stimulate human cardiac growth. Conclusions: Our work demonstrates the importance of coupled CEC and CM expansion and reveals a myovascular niche that may be therapeutically targeted for heart regeneration.
Use of two doses of cloprostenol at different intervals for estrus synchronization in Santa Inês ewes.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare protocols for estrus synchronization, using two doses of cloprostenol in different intervals, in Martch, during the breeding season, in Santa Inês ewes, in the city of Cachoeiras de MacacuRJ. A total of 30 ewes (43.9±6.4 kg, 2.9±0.27 BCS and 3.4±1.6 years old) weaned at least for three months was equally allocated into three treatments, with intervals of: 11.5 days (G11.5: n=10), 9 days (G9: n=10) or 7 days (G7: n=10). The dose used for each administration was 37.5 µg cloprostenol (Estron®, Agener União, São Paulo, Brazil) intramuscularly. Transrectal ultrasound evaluations were performed (B-mode; SonoScape®, Shenzhen, China) for monitoring the follicular and luteal dynamic, daily from 5 d before the first dose, and every 12 h after both administrations, again for 5 d or until ovulation. For estrus detection, females were teased individually every 12 h after each cloprostenol administration for 5 d and for 5 min per animal. Normal quantitative variables were subjected to ANOVA followed by Tukey test (P<0.05). Data concerning the rate of ewes in estrus (%) were evaluated by Fisher's exact test (P <0.05). The percentage of animals in estrus after the first dose did not differ (P>0.05) among groups: G11.5 60% (6/10); G9 80% (8/10) and G7: 80% (8/10) as well as the duration of estrus (G11.5: 24.0±13.1 h; G9: 37.5±7.7h and G7: 28.5±11.0 h. After the second dose, estrus presentation rates and duration of estrus also did not differ (P>0.05) among groups, respectively: G11.5 90% (9/10) and 29.3±12.2 h; G9 ? 100% (10/10) and 36.0±10.4 h; and G7 80% (8/10) and 31.5±8.9 h. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in the intervals from the second dose to the onset of estrus, end of estrus, and from estrus to ovulation between G11.5 (48.5±8.9 h; 80.0±8.5 h; 35.0±20.1 h), G9 (50.3±13.1 h; 83.0±9.1 h; 25.5±12.2 h) and G7 (36.5±6.2 h; 68.0±14.0 h and 20.3±6.1 h). The interval from the administration of the second dose to ovulation differed (P<0.05) among groups G11.5 (78.7±9.4 h), G9 (75.5±8.3) h e G7 (56.8±6.2 h). The G7 anticipated ovulation and presented a lower standard deviation (P<0.05). In conclusion, it appears that animals in the G7 were close to follicular dominance period or were already with the dominant follicles while G11.5 and G9 might still be in the beginning of the follicular wave. The three protocols were effective for estrus synchronization in Santa Inês ewes.
Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Beyond First Remission or Refractory to Chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Identify prognostic factors that influence outcome after unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods Included are 268 patients (age ≤ 18 years) with AML in second complete remission (n = 142), relapse (n = 90), or primary induction failure (n = 36) at transplantation. All patients received bone marrow grafts from an unrelated donor and a myeloablative conditioning regimen. Cox regression models were constructed to identify risk factors that influence outcome after transplantation. Results In this analysis, the only risk factor that predicted leukemia recurrence and overall and leukemia-free survival was disease status at transplantation. The 5-year probabilities of leukemia-free survival were 45%, 20%, and 12% for patients who underwent transplantation at second complete remission, relapse, and primary induction failure, respectively. As expected, risk of acute but not chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was lower with T-cell–depleted bone marrow grafts; T-cell–depleted grafts were not associated with higher risks of leukemia recurrence. We observed similar risks of leukemia relapse in patients with and without acute and chronic GVHD. Conclusion Children who underwent transplantation in remission had a superior outcome compared with children who underwent transplantation during relapse or persistent disease. Nevertheless, 20% of children who underwent transplantation in relapse are long-term survivors, suggesting that unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation is an effective therapy in a significant proportion of children with recurrent or primary refractory AML.
Evidences for a Sulfhydryl Group in the ATP-Binding Site of (Na+ + K+)-Activated ATPase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

5,5′-Dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoate) inhibited (Na++ K+)-activated ATPase by affecting the Na+-dependent phosphorylation reaction. ATP and ADP but not ITP protected the enzyme at low concentrations against the inactivation. The ATP analogues 6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate inactivated (Na++ K+)-ATPase whereas the respective monophosphates left the enzyme unaffected. S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine triphosphate inactivated the partial reactions of (Na++ K+)-ATPase, i.e. the ADP-binding capacity and the Na+-dependent phosphorylation reaction in parallel with the overall enzymatic activity. ATP protected against the inactivation of (Na++ K+)-ATPase by S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine triphosphate. Dithiothreitol hindered the inactivation of (Na++ K+)-ATPase by S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate and 6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate. Treatment with dithiothreitol restored the activity of (Na++ K+)-ATPase which had been inactivated by 6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate but it did not restore the activity of that enzyme which was pretreated with S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate. S-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate inactivated the associated enzymic activites of K+-activated acetylphosphatase and K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase but more slowly than (Na++ K+)-activated ATPase. It is concluded, that S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate and 6-mercaptopurine riboside-5′-triphosphate exert their action on (Na++ K+)-ATPase by reacting with a sulfhydryl group in the ATP-binding site of the enzyme.
Health and Mortality Delta: Assessing the Welfare Cost of Household Insurance Choice

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We develop a pair of risk measures, health and mortality delta, for the universe of life and health insurance products. A life-cycle model of insurance choice simplifies to replicating the optimal health and mortality delta through a portfolio of insurance products. We estimate the model to explain the observed variation in health and mortality delta implied by the ownership of life insurance, annuities including private pensions, and long-term care insurance in the Health and Retirement Study. For the median household aged 51 to 57, the lifetime welfare cost of market incompleteness and suboptimal choice is 3.2% of total wealth.
Pharmacogenetics and Individualizing Drug Treatment During Pregnancy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacogenetics as a tool to aid clinicians implement individualized pharmacotherapy is utilized in some areas of medicine. Pharmacogenetics in pregnancy is still a developing field. However, there are several areas of obstetric therapeutics where data are emerging that give glimpses into future therapeutic possibilities. These include opioid pain management, antihypertensive therapy, antidepressant medications, preterm labor tocolytics, antenatal corticosteroids and drugs for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, to name a few. More data are needed to populate the therapeutic models and to truly determine if pharmacogenetics will aid in individualizing pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. The objective of this review is to summarize current data and highlight research needs.
Some thoughts on sharing science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustaining and upgrading the national interest in science requires breaking through some of the barriers that separate science from the academy's other disciplines and interests, and from society as a whole. This article reviews some of the difficulties and prospects of sharing science within the academy and the ripple effect that such activities may have on the larger social context of attitudes toward science. We recognize that crossing into other disciplines for any purpose raises special communication problems. We also argue that much of the apprehension concerning such discourse rests on a fallacy. Some relief is anticipated through an ongoing critical and reflexive examination of ourselves and our activities with respect to the ways science touches our collective lives, and by conscientiously developing new relationships for teaching scientific thinking and values on the premise that science is inherently a form of public knowledge that relies heavily on cultural values and society. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 84:507–523, 2000.