jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extraction of effective permittivity and permeability of periodic metamaterial cells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The complex permittivity and permeability of various periodic metamaterial (MTM) cells are extracted by using a fictitious rectangular waveguide consisting of perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor walls. The shapes of the MTM cells include a thin wire (TW), a single split‐ring resonator (SSRR), a double SRR (DSRR), a modified SRR, and a structure combining the TW and DSRR. The TW falls in the negative‐ε/positive‐μ region, the SRRs in the positive‐ε/negative‐μ region, and the combined structure in the negative‐ε/negative‐μ region. We also investigate how the permittivity and permeability are affected by the dimension parameters of the MTM cells. Another extraction technique utilizing time domain signals is developed to overcome some limitations that the waveguide technique cannot handle. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1824–1830, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24468
2-[(2-Carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoic acid–4,4′-bipyridylN,N′-dioxide (1/2)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title 2:1 adduct, C(14)H(10)O(4)S(2)·0.5C(10)H(8)N(2)O(2), which arose from an unexpected oxidation of a precursor, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings in the disulfide is 82.51 (11)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O interactions, generating sheets.
Free radical scavenging capacity and cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of Vaccinium meridionale Sw. agains colon cancer cell lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Vaccinium meridionale Swartz, of the family Ericaceae, is commonly known as mortiño or agraz. The plant is considered a functional food, with a content of anthocyanins and antioxidants similar to or greater than that reported for other Vaccinium species. However, little is known about its nutraceutical and medicinal properties. Objectives: determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of mortiño fruit aqueous extract against colon adenocarcinoma cells (SW480) and their derived metastatic cells (SW620). Methods: total phenols and anthocyanins were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Caffeoyl derivatives were determined by HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was analyzed as the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNI), peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities were studied by MTT and sulforhodamine B. Results: the following substances were found in 100 g of lyophilized extract: total phenols (2 546 mg GAE), anthocyanins (150.7 mg C3G), chlorogenic acid (126 mg), ferulic acid (108 mg) and coumaric acid (63 mg). Hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was 36 147.5 μmol DMSO, whereas ROS and RNS scavenging capacity was 29 255.9 y 41 775.2 μmolTrolox, respectively. ORAC value was 41 775.2 μmolTrolox. A dose-dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect was observed. IC50 value was 59.12 μg/ml for SW480 and 56.10 μg/mL for SW620. Conclusions: mortiño fruit aqueous extract exhibited antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities comparable to those of other berries of the genus Vaccinium, which could be partly explained by the presence of a high content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids.
Preservice teachers' responses to bullying scenarios: Comparing physical, verbal, and relational bullying.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the present study, 82 undergraduate students in a teacher education program responded to 6 written vignettes describing school bullying incidents. Scenarios described physical bullying, verbal bullying, and relational bullying events. Respondents rated relational bullying as the least serious of the 3 types. Participants had the least empathy for the victims of relational bullying and were least likely to intervene in relational bullying incidents. When asked to describe interventions they would use in these cases, the preservice teachers proposed the least severe actions for both perpetrators and victims of relational bullying compared with other forms of bullying. Results were compared with those of practicing teachers in a previous study. Implications for teacher education programs are discussed. Two supplemental studies, conducted to address concerns about seriousness of bullying scenarios, are also described.
The method of choosing a coolant based on a numerical experiment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Formulation of the problem. When designing modern liquid cooling systems, the problem arises of optimizing the choice of the type of immersion liquid used for cooling at the same time as solving the problems of optimizing the position of fuel elements and the choice of housing material. Purpose. Creation of a methodology for the reasonable choice of the type of immersion fluid in the process of computer-aided design of cooling systems of thermal power plants based on the results of a numerical experiment in a software environment based on a quantitative assessment of the effect of topological optimization (optimization of the location of a heat-loaded element). Results. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of a liquid cooling system by using the proposed method for selecting the type of immersion liquid based on the results of a numerical experiment in a software environment based on a quantitative assessment of the effect of topological optimization (optimization of the location of a heat-loaded element) is shown. This estimate represents the temperature difference of the fuel element in its standard (central) and optimized (angular) position in the housing of the device under study. The use of a laboratory bench as an example ensured the successful verification of the results of the numerical experiment and the reliability of the conclusions based on it. Of particular interest is the setting and adjustment of the parameters used in the cooling system of liquids due to the lack of complete information about them in the literature and databases, as well as insufficient experience in the use of liquid cooling systems. As a result of the study, it was concluded that it is advisable to use various types of liquids. The results of computer modeling are presented, confirming the high efficiency of the presented technique. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to improve the performance of liquid cooling systems by making an informed choice and optimizing the design parameters of a liquid cooling system.
Sevelamer Improves Vascular Stiffness and Decreases Serum Uric Acid Levels in Patients Ongoing Hemodialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Sevelamer can act as a prebiotic with its pleiotropic effects.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sevelamer on serum uric acid, HbA1c and lipid profile levels and the progression of arterial stiffness. Materials and Methods:A total of 151 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and using the same phosphorus binders under three years follow-up were enrolled.Patients were divided into two groups according to usage of phosphate binders (PB) as sevelamer based PB (group 1) and calcium based PB (group 2).Biochemical parameters were assessed in three year follow-up period.Arterial stiffness determined at the initial and at the end of the 3 rd year by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWv).Results: Mean uric acid levels had significantly decreased in group 1 where remained stable in group 2 in three years follow-up period.22.4% of patients in group 1 showed a reduction more than 2 mg/dL in mean uric acid levels.HbA1c levels were lower in diabetic group 1 than group 2. PWv values were similar in both groups at the inital of the study.However; PWv values of group 1 were lower than group 2 at the 3rd year of the study Conclusion: Sevelamer improves the cardiovascular risk by pleiotropic effects through lowing uric acid, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and HbA1c concentrations and avoiding the excess calcium intake.Sevelamer improves the cardiovascular risk profile and prevents the progression of arterial stiffness when compared to calcium based PB in hemodialysis patients.
Greek and Latin Literature of the Roman Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Professor Dihle sees the Greek and Latin literature between the 1st century B.C. and the 6th century A.D. as an organic progression. He builds on Schlegel's observation that art, customs and political life in classical antiquity are inextricably entwined and therefore should not be examined separately. Dihle does not simply consider narrowly defined `literature', but all works of cultural socio-historical significance, including Jewish and Christian literature, philosophy and science. Despite this, major authors like Seneca, Tacitus and Plotinus are considered individually. This work is an authoritative yet personal presentation of seven hundred years of literature.
Dynamic Flight Tracking: Designing System for Multirotor UAVs With Pixhawk Autopilot Data Verification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increasing diversity of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) designs poses significant challenges in evaluating their flight characteristics and performance parameters. This is particularly true for commercially available UAVs whose control units do not provide users with data that could be used, for example, to estimate the operational and flight limits of the flight device itself. This study introduces the concept of a mountable device designed to track and assess the flight parameters of quadcopters, independent of the UAV’s systems. Specifically, it involves independent monitoring of rotations, flight speed, air pressure, temperature, and drone orientation in space. The device validation involved real flight tests with the IRIS+ quadcopter using the Pixhawk control system, whose data were taken as a benchmark for validation. To demonstrate the applicability and benefits of such a device, the study also created a concept of an operational envelope for the drone, i.e. dependence of thrust on weight, angle of attack and speed. This concept was created using robotic simulation in the Gazebo environment. In the simulations, the IRIS+ device was used to simulate flights with different payload weights (0.9–2.9 lb, approximately 0.4–1.3 kg) and twenty flight speeds (1–20 ms−1), while simultaneously monitoring the angle of attack and motor revolutions (subsequently converted to thrust). The created operational envelope was subsequently validated using data from real flights. The overall results demonstrated the successful validation of the designed device and the accuracy of the measurement of critical flight parameters, with rotation measurement errors ranging between 100–200 RPM, angle of attack error at 4.25°, and altitude measurement error based on pressure at 0.56 m. Additionally, within this concept, the measurement of indicated airspeed was introduced, reflecting the expected flight speed values. In the context of validating the operational envelope, the results showed that the parameters of real flights fell within the predicted area of the created operational envelope for the IRIS+ drone. Independent monitoring devices like this can benefit operational limit determination and other testing purposes, especially for UAVs lacking data-sharing control units.
Agrogenic transformation of soils in the dry steppe zone under the impact of antique and recent land management practices

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Virgin, cultivated, and old-arable soils have been studied in the area of Olbia, one of the antique poleis in the northern part of the Black Sea region. It is shown that the soils cultivated during the antique time still preserve some features differing them from their virgin analogues. In the course of agrogenic evolution, progressive changes in the morphology of dry steppe soils are not accompanied by the improvement of soil aggregation at lower levels. Macromorphological indices attest to the enhanced development of humification processes and leaching of carbonates and soluble salts in the soils cultivated during the antique time. At the same time, a number of soil degradation processes are vividly manifested in the cultivated soils. It is suggested that this process can be referred to as the soil allopseudomorphosis.
Behavioral Economics Guidelines with Applications for Health Interventions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Chronic diseases have risen in prominence in recent years and are now the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The rise in rates of obesity and aging populations are two primary drivers of this global trend, which is predicted to continue to rise in the absence of effective interventions. Notably, much of this disease burden is due to individual behaviors such as physical inactivity, tobacco use, poor eating habits, and lack of proper preventive care. The growing field of behavioral economics combines the fields of psychology and economics to present a potentially promising new understanding of the causes for when and why people's short term decisions often undermine their long-term interests, and people's behavior deviates from a fully rational model. This paper shows how, by incorporating these insights, behavioral economics may be used to inform the design of more effective health policies and projects.
REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL TRADE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

В этой статье анализируется регулирование международной цифровой торговли, также рассматриваются проблемы с которыми сталкиваются в электронной торговле.В последние годы произошли замечательные события в цифровой экономике, создавшие беспрецедентные возможности для МСП впервые выйти на мировые рынки.Данные с платформы eBay показывают, что МСП, использующие онлайновые платформы, имеют более чем в пять раз больше шансов на экспорт, чем в традиционной экономике 1 .Цифровая трансформация позволила:снизить затраты на участие в международной торговле; -облегчить координацию глобальных цепочек создания стоимости (ГЦС), помочь распространить идеи и технологии;установить связь между большим количеством предприятий и потребителей во всем мире.Несмотря на то, что раньше не было так легко участвовать в международной торговле, принятие новых бизнес-моделей породило более сложные международные торговые сделки и вопросы политики.Что такое цифровая торговля?Хотя не существует единого признанного и общепринятого определения цифровой торговли, существует растущее единодушие в том, что оно охватывает транзакции торговли товарами и услугами с цифровым разрешением, которые могут осуществляться либо в цифровой, либо в физической форме, и в которых участвуют потребители, фирмы и правительства.То есть, хотя все формы цифровой торговли обеспечиваются цифровыми технологиями, не вся цифровая торговля доставляется в
A Fresh Look at Pipeline and Riser Bundles: Combined Experience and Practice

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents the synergies between two proven Bundle systems:Pipeline Bundles and Riser Bundles, based on extensive track records: 70 Pipeline Bundles over 35 years and 6 Riser Bundles over 15 years. Despite the two Bundle systems being developed independently, the synergies between the design requirements, the components and the towing requirements are remarkable. This shows that despite the different applications the technology has been developed with the same technical understanding and demonstrates how the merging of different technologies can bring benefits to the industry. The paper includes a general description of the two Bundle systems, including fabrication and installation methods. A review of the similarities and differences between the two systems is presented. The benefits of synergies are discussed, based on practical examples of new developments:–Design: Pipeline Bundle design adapted to Riser Bundle for enhanced thermal insulation performances and bundle section simplification.–Fabrication: feasibility of fabrication and launching of a Riser Bundle from a Pipeline Bundle fabrication site (Wester Site, Scotland).–Installation: development of methods for installation of Pipeline Bundles in deepwater and long-distance towing of Riser Bundle in shallow waters. The synergies discussed in the paper result in enhanced capabilities for Bundle systems, including: improved system operating performance, increased systems applicability extent (allowing development in deeper waters and new areas). These systems can thus be considered for new geographical areas.
Joint $q$-moments and shift invariance for the multi-species $q$-TAZRP on the infinite line

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel method for computing certain particle locations in the multi-species $q$-TAZRP (totally asymmetric zero range process). The method is based on a decomposition of the process into its discrete-time embedded Markov chain, which is described more generally as a monotone process on a graded partially ordered set; and an independent family of exponential random variables. A further ingredient is explicit contour integral formulas for the transition probabilities of the $q$-TAZRP. The main result of this method is a shift invariance for the multi-species $q$-TAZRP on the infinite line. By a previously known Markov duality result, these particle locations are the same as joint $q$-moments. One particular special case is that for step initial conditions, ordered multi-point joint $q$-moments of the $n$-species $q$-TAZRP match the $n$-point joint $q$-moments of the single-species $q$-TAZRP. Thus, we conjecture that the Airy$_2$ process describes the joint multi-point fluctuations of multi-species $q$-TAZRP. As a probabilistic application of this result, we find explicit contour integral formulas for the joint $q$-moments of the multi-species $q$-TAZRP in the diffusive scaling regime.
Understanding and Preventing Health Concerns About Emerging Mobile Health Technologies (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

UNSTRUCTURED

New technologies and innovations have often improved population well-being and societal function; however, these are also often initially accompanied by worry and fear. In some cases, such worries can impede, or even prevent entirely, the adoption of the technology. Mobile health (mHealth), a discipline broadly focused on employing ambulatory technologies to improve the affordability, reach, and effectiveness of health promotion and clinical intervention approaches, offers new innovations and opportunities. Despite emerging evidence supporting mHealth efficacy (eg, for improving health outcomes), some individuals have concerns about mHealth technology that may impede scalability, efficacy, and, ultimately, the public health benefits of mHealth. We present a review and conceptual framework to examine these issues, focusing on three overarching themes: biophysiological, psychological, and societal concerns. There are features of mHealth that lead to worries about the potential negative effects on an individual’s health (eg, due to exposure to electromagnetic or radio waves), despite evidence supporting the safety of these technologies. When present, such beliefs can lead to worry that gives rise to the experience of unpleasant and concerning physical symptoms—the nocebo effect. This may represent an important implementational barrier because of apprehension toward beneficial mHealth products (or features thereof, such as wireless charging, wearable or implantable sensors, etc) and may also have broader ramifications (eg, leading to economic, governmental, and legislative actions). In addition to reviewing evidence on these points, we provide a broad three-step model of implementation research in mHealth that focuses on understanding and preventing health concerns to facilitate the safe and effective scalability of mHealth (and that may be generalizable and applied to similar technologies): (1) evaluating and better discerning public perceptions and misperceptions (and how these may differ between populations), (2) developing theory-based public health communication strategies regarding the safety of mHealth, and (3) disseminating this messaging using evidence-based methods. Collectively, these steps converge on reviewing evidence regarding the potential role of worry and nocebo in mHealth and providing a model for understanding and changing attitudes and preventing unfounded negative perceptions related to mHealth technology.
Parental-Offspring Conflict

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Disputes between parents and their young might seem easy enough to spot in everyday human life, but the notion of a general, evolutionary conflict between offspring and their parents has proved surprisingly slippery (reviewed by Godfray 1995). Nevertheless, today, almost four decades since the concept was first proposed by Trivers (1974), parent-offspring conflict has theoretically robust foundations (reviewed by Godfray 1995; Godfray and Johnstone 2000) and there is diverse evidence that it is a significant selective force in nature (although perhaps not always in the ways initially assumed, reviewed by Kilner and Hinde 2008). In a recent review, we showed how information warfare lies at the heart of parent-offspring conflict in many instances. Readers specifically interested in signalling by young animals and their parents, as well as other uses of personal information, may wish to consult Kilner and Hinde 2008 before ploughing ahead here. Our aim in this chapter is to attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary consequences of this conflict for traits in offspring and their parents, focusing relatively little on signalling this time. We start with a quick recap of basic conflict theory before outlining diverse empirical evidence for an evolutionary conflict between parents and their young. Next we consider how conflict might link pairs of traits in parents and their offspring, showing how co-evolution between the two parties becomes focused on these particular characters. We conclude with a discussion about the outcomes of parent-offspring conflict: does it always end in a stable equilibrium between parents and their young, as predicted by the many ‘resolution’ models of conflict? Or is instability widespread, with parents and offspring frequently alternating in who gains the upperhand?