jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Milk fortification and processing - Nutritional impact

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Les laits se diversifient de plus en plus par enrichissement en diverses vitamines, mineraux, acides gras essentiels et fibres. Ils sont censes ainsi mieux repondre aux besoins nutritionnels de sous-groupes de populations (enfants, femmes enceintes, personnes âgees...). Par ailleurs, les contraintes de la vie moderne expliquent l'engouement des Francais pour les laits de longue conservation, UHT (>80 % des ventes), obtenus grâce a ; ; ; ; l'application d'un traitement de tre ; ; ; ; s courte duree (3-6 sec.) a ; ; ; ; tre ; ; ; ; s haute temperature (130-135 °C). La qualite des proteines du lait souffre cependant des reactions mises en jeu au cours de ces traitements thermiques. Elles sont modifiees par divers substrats qui s'oxydent rapidement a ; ; ; ; la chaleur (lactose, certaines vitamines, acides gras insatures). Dans les laits enrichis, l'apport exoge ; ; ; ; ne en ces substrats fragiles, pourraient favoriser ces reactions de modification des proteines. C'est ce que montrent nos analyses realisees sur les laits infantiles et de croissance, et sur quelques laits enrichis pour adultes. La lysine est l'acide amine qui reagit le plus (en moyenne 15-20 % mais jusqu'a ; ; ; ; 50 % dans certaines formules) en raison de la presence d'un groupement amine reactif libre qui, a ; ; ; ; la chaleur, se lie rapidement avec l'ensemble des composes (dits carbonyles) d'oxydation des sucres, vitamine C et acides gras essentiels. De plus, les vitamines reagissent egalement a ; ; ; ; partir de leur groupement amine avec ces me ; ; ; ; mes composes, ce qui modifie leur fonction. Peu de donnees existent sur l'impact biologique des nouveaux composes generes par ces reactions. Malgre une bonne preservation des qualites microbiologique et organoleptique du produit, la conservation 3-4 mois a ; ; ; ; temperature ambiante continue a ; ; ; ; degrader ces substrats fragiles et a ; ; ; ; alterer les proprietes physico-chimiques et nutritionnelles des proteines. Le lait apparait pour beaucoup comme l'aliment ideal support des diverses supplementations nutritionnelles censees corriger les desequilibres de nos rations alimentaires. Cependant, les bare ; ; ; ; mes thermiques tels qu'ils sont appliques aujourd'hui, limitent sensiblement l'objectif vise. Le developpement de technologies de sterilisation plus respectueuses du produit formule et la maitrise des niveaux de degradation des nutriments ajoutes semblent la condition pour que le lait soit reellement un vecteur efficace des supplements nutritionnels.
Toxic hepatitis associated with Polygoni multiflori

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toxic hepatitis has been reported as a major cause of acute hepatitis, but its potential induction by herbal remedies and/or health foods is usually neglected. We experienced a case of toxic hepatitis associated with Polygoni multiflori, a Chinese herb commonly known as Ho-Shou-Wu. A 54-year-old woman consumed Ho-Shou-Wu for 1 month, after which she experienced fatigue and overall weakness. A diagnosis of toxic hepatitis was made based on her clinical history, the findings for viral markers and other laboratory data, and ultrasonography. Her condition improved considerably after she stopped taking Ho-Shou-Wu. However, she resumed taking Ho-Shou-Wu immediately after discharge from hospital, which aggravated her symptoms and liver function. She was immediately readmitted and stopped taking Ho-Shou-Wu. Her relapse into hepatitis immediate after resuming consumption of the herb is strongly indicative of the validity of Koch's postulate in this case.
In silico identification of linear B-cell epitope in Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) surface glycoprotein: a prospective towards peptide vaccine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic continuing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). At the moment, there is no specific antiviral treatment or monoclonal antibodies or vaccines available for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is positive-stranded RNA viruses with a crown-like appearance due to the occurrence of spike (surface) glycoproteins on the envelope. In the present study, the computational method used to predict the significant linear B cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein.METHODS: FASTA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein was retrieved from the NCBI database, and further its primary and secondary structure was analyzed for its physical and chemicals properties. IEDB server was used to predict the B-cell epitopes.RESULTS: ABCprep server and IEDB server prediction results for B-cell epitopes showed 16 and 21 linear epitope sequences respectively in the surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2.CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results conclude that predicted B-cell Epitopes may serve as an immunogen for eliciting monoclonal antibodies which can be used as a potential candidate for the treatment or diagnostic purpose for COVID-19.
Larvicidal Activity of <i>Bacillus sphaericus</i> Strain SI-1 and Its Toxins against <i>Culex quinquefasciantus</i> Larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A local isolate of Bacillus sphaericus strain SI-1 had been investigated for its larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciantus mosquito. Wet spores of 72-h grown culture of the strain were sufficiently potent as mosquitocidal agents 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciantus. After lyophilization the toxic potency of the strain increased sharply (165 times). The toxic crystal proteins had been solubilized in a hydroxyl-chloride buffer (pH 12.0) by three successive extractions. The majority of the proteins were found to be solubilized in water under these conditions. Increase of pH in the media by addition of buffer and its effect on the mortality of C. quinquefasciantus larvae had been checked. The extraction buffer was found to be non-lethal although significant rise in pH up to 10.44 was observed. The lethal concentration fifty (LC50) value of the crude protein was found to be 62.0 μg/ml. Keywords: Bacillus sphaericus SI-1, Biopesticide, Culex quinquefasciantus, Larvicidal activity, LyophilizationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1256 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 125-128
Shikimic acid accelerates phase change and flowering in Chinese jujube

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The juvenile-to-adult phase change with first flowering as the indicator plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phase change in fruit trees remain largely unknown. Shikimic acid (ShA) pathway is a main metabolic pathway closely related to the synthesis of hormones and many important secondary metabolites participating in plant phase change. So, whether ShA regulates phase change in plants is worth clarifying. Here, the distinct morphological characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of phase change in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important fruit tree native to China with nutritious fruit and outstanding tolerance abiotic stresses, were clarified. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis found that ShA is positively involved in jujube (‘Yuhong’ × ‘Xing 16’) phase change. The genes in the upstream of ShA synthesis pathway (ZjDAHPS, ZjDHQS and ZjSDH), the contents of ShA and the downstream secondary metabolites like phenols were significantly upregulated in the phase change period. Further, the treatment of spraying exogenous ShA verified that ShA at a very low concentration (60 mg · L−1) can substantially speed up the phase change and flowering of jujube and other tested plants including Arabidopsis, tomato and wheat. The exogenous ShA (60 mg · L−1) treatment in jujube seedlings could increase the accumulation of endogenous ShA, enhance leaf photosynthesis and the synthesis of phenols especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, and promote the expression of genes (ZjCOs, ZjNFYs and ZjPHYs) involved in flowering pathway. Basing on above results, we put forward a propose for the underlying mechanism of ShA regulating phase change, and a hypothesis that ShA could be considered a phytohormone-like substance because it is endogenous, ubiquitous, movable and highly efficient at very low concentrations. This study highlights the critical role of ShA in plant phase change and its phytohormone-like properties.
Preparation and Upconversion Iuminescence of NaYF_4 and Y_2O_2S co-doped with Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)(Ho~(3+)) Phosphor

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Having studied the upconversion luminescence properties of Yb/Er(Ho)co-doped NaYF4 and Y2O2S phosphors,we find the results indicate that the emissive intensity of NaYF4:20%Yb,1%Er is stronger than that of NaYF4:20%Yb,1%Ho,while the Y2O2S:6%Yb,0.5%Ho and Y2O2S:6%Yb, 0.5%Er present the similar total emissive intensity.This can be explained by the different energy transfer mechanism between Yb/Er and Yb/Ho pairs.
The importance of good oral hygiene

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Patients who are unable to eat and drink normally, and those who are immuno-suppressed, are at risk of suffering the ill effects of poor oral hygiene. Mouth care is an important aspect of nursing, and one which if neglected, can lead to inflammation of the mouth, oral thrush, and bad breath. Lack of mouth care provision is a feature of patient care complaints. Maintaining oral hygiene is a nursing duty that healthcare assistants are expected to perform.
Dihydroquercetin Supplementation Improved Hepatic Lipid Dysmetabolism Mediated by Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a natural flavonoid with multiple bioactivities, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate whether DHQ improved lipid dysmetabolism in the body, especially in the liver, and whether there is a relationship between hepatic metabolism and altered gut flora in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. HFD-induced mice were given 50 mg/kg body weight DHQ intragastrically for 10 weeks. The data showed that DHQ reduced body weight, the weight of the liver and white adipose tissue as well as serum leptin, LPS, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RNA-seq results indicated that DHQ down-regulated lipogenesis-related genes and up-regulated fatty acid oxidation-related genes, including MOGAT1 and CPT1A. Furthermore, DHQ had a tendency to decrease hepatic cholesterol contents by reducing the mRNA levels of cholesterol synthesis genes such as FDPS and HMGCS1. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that DHQ significantly decreased the richness of Lactococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that these bacteria, Lactococcus and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group in particular, had significantly positive correlation with lipid and cholesterol synthesis genes, and negative correlation with fatty acid oxidation genes. In conclusion, DHQ could improve hepatic lipid dysmetabolism potentially by improved gut microbial community, which may be used as an intervention strategy in hepatic metabolism diseases.
Defects of perovskite semiconductor CsPbBr3 investigated via photoluminescence and thermally stimulated current spectroscopies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Halide perovskites are essential materials for hard radiation detectors at ambient temperature. To improve detector performance, charge transport must be investigated and optimized. Using photoluminescence (PL) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopies, we investigate photogenerated charge carriers in Bridgman-grown CsPbBr3 single crystals to understand the nature of charge transport. PL spectroscopy of these halide perovskites revealed the presence of strong emission bands at the band edge, which were attributed to free or bound excitons. It is shown that a wide broadening of the excitonic linewidth in these halide perovskites arises from strong exciton–phonon coupling, which is substantially dominated by longitudinal optical phonons via Fröhlich interaction. An additional contribution due to the presence of ionized impurities was also observed. Crystals with a detectable sensitivity to high-energy gamma radiation are characterized by a higher intensity and a narrower linewidth of the principal PL peak at 2.326 eV. Defect states beyond 2.214 eV have a negative impact on detector sensitivity to high-energy gamma radiation. TSC spectroscopy reveals an array of trap levels spanning 0.15–0.70 eV, attributed to intrinsic point defects and multiple extrinsic defects involving dopants or impurities. Defects identified included Cs and Br vacancies, as well as Pb interstitials with concentrations in the 1011–1016 cm−3 range. Understanding how the synthesis process impacts the types and concentrations of the defects present is currently under investigation. Elimination or suppression of the defect/trap states should result in halide perovskite materials with longer carrier diffusion lengths and improved detector characteristics.
1.5 μm region InP/GaInAsP buried heterostructure lasers on semi-insulating substrates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

InP/GaInAsP buried heterostructure (BH) lasers for the 1.5 μm region have been fabricated on semi-insulating InP substrates. The threshold current of the lasers is as low as 38 mA under CW operation at 25°C, which is nearly the same as for BH lasers fabricated on n-type InP substrates.
Harmonic Curves From Euclidean Domains to Heisenberg Group H1

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We define and study the harmonic curves on domains in $\mathbb{R}^n$ into the first Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^1$. These are the $C^2$-regular mappings which are critical points of the second Dirichlet energy and satisfy the weak isotropicity condition. We investigate the geometry of such curves including the comparison and maximum principles, the Harnack inequalities, the Liouville theorems, the existence results, the Phragmèn-Lindelöf theorem, as well as the three spheres theorem.
Plasma ferulenol concentration and activity of clotting factors in sheep with Ferula communis variety brevifolia intoxication

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Dynamics of plasma ferulenol concentration and its effect on the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, prothrombin time ( pt ), and activated partial thromboplastin time ( aptt ) were determined in 4 sheep intoxicated individually with 600 g of powdered Ferula communis variety brevifolia ( fcb ) given in 8 doses at intervals of 6 hours. Ferulenol was detected in the plasma of all sheep at initial blood sample collection, 6 hours after the first dose of approximately 75 g of fcb was placed in the rumen. The last observed peak of approximately 20 μg/ml was detected at about 12 hours after the last of 8 doses, and the mean concentration then decreased to < 1 μg/ml during the next 70 hours. Maximal concentration of ferulenol and time for plasma clearance varied with individual sheep. The pt increased steadily to a maximum of 6 times normal about 70 hours after the last peak plasma ferulenol concentration and about 80 hours after fcb administration was stopped. The pt then returned to almost normal (ratio of 1.12) from the maximum (ratio of 6.12) within approximately 5 days. The aptt results generally paralleled the pt results, but the change was not as marked. Maximal pt and aptt ratios were animal - dependent and not always related to plasma ferulenol concentration. The activity of all the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors was depressed, but the variations were unique to each factor. Factor V, a vitamin K-independent coagulation factor actually had a brief period of increased plasma activity. We concluded that the effects on P, T aptt , and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors induced in sheep intoxicated with fcb were consistent with the coumarinic structure of ferulenol, the intoxicating compound in fcb , which seems to have a short-term anticoagulation effect.
Diagnostic Cytology of Urinary Tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From April 1964 to May 1967, the cytologic examination of urine and washing specimens of the bladder with saline solution of α-chymotrypsin of 261 patients in the National Cancer Center Hospital was made. All materials was processed according to the methods of May-Giemsa (Pappenheim) and of Papanicolaou after centrifugation.1. In 261 cases, 88 were surely proved to be the cases of carcinoma of the urinary tract histologic ally and clinically; in these 88 cases, 21 were ex amined only after some treatments. The remaining 67 cases include 6 carcinomas of the kidney, 55 ca ncers of the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and uret hra, and 4 carcinomas of the prostate.2. The accuracy of cytodiagnosis of the 67 cases with the cancer of urinary tract was 68. 7 per cent and of the 49 cases of bladder was 77. 6 per cent.3. The stickiness of cells to the glass slide is one of the most important factors for the accuracy of the cytologic diagnosis of urinary tract. The meth ods of the fixation after drying for the May-Gie-msa and of the spray fixation with mixture of polyethylene-glycol and isopropyl alcohol for the Papanicolaou are very efficient for the accurate diagnosis.4. The accurate diagnosis of the carcinoma of bladder was also increased by using washings of the bladder and urine specimens.5. The relationship of the histological grade (Ash, Ackerman) and the cytologic features was studied in 17 cases of the transitional cell rcarcin oma of bladder.
Distribution of Inheritance among Males and Females: Criteria and Rationale توزيع الميراث بين الذكور والإناث بحث عن الضابط والحكمة

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In some cases inheritance distribution gives males double the share of females but in some other situations the male/female shares are equal. The rationale for different shares is provided by different financial burdens on the two. It is not based on any difference in human dignity in which male arid female are always equal. Equality in shares comes when the shares themselves are small. Some earlier scholars thought it occurs when the heirs are related to the deceased through a female from another family. I find equality in shares whenever the shares are one sixth (1/6), which is the lowest share in one of the two series of shares. Preference to male by doubling his share compared to that of female seems to be the rule, whereas equality of shares appears as an exception. There are no other rules governing male/female shares in inheritance when they inherit according to prescribed ratios or as residual claimants through male lineage. The paper establishes these points in the light of arguments and demonstrates that there is no role for prejudice and whims in the distribution of wealth between the two sexes. هناك حالات في الميراث يكون فيها للذكر مثل حظ الأنثيين ، وحالات أخرى يكون فيها للذكر مثل حظ الأنثى. وحكمة الاختلاف بينهما في الميراث تقوم على الاختلاف بينهما في الأعباء المالية ، لا في الكرامة الإنسانية، أما حكمة التسوية فتقوم ، في نظري ، على أساس انخفاض النسبة ، وفي نظر بعض العلماء السابقين على أساس انتماء الورثة إلى الميت بواسطة انثى (من عائلة أخرى). والضابط عندي أن هناك تسوية كلما كانت النسبة هي السدس ، وهي النسبة الدنيا في إحدى سلسلتي الفروض الإرثية. ويبدو أن قاعدة المفاضلة بين الذكر والأنثى ، بمقدار المثلين ، هي الأصل في الميراث ، وأن قاعدة التسوية بالمثل هي الاستثناء . وليست هناك قواعد أخرى للذكر والأنثى ، إذا كان إرثهما بالفرض وحده ، أو بالتعصيب وحده. كل ذلك بأدلة مبينة في هذا البحث المرتبط بتوزيع الثروات بين الجنسين توزيعاً عادلا مبرأ من الهوى والتحيز والاستئثار.
A new imidazole-containing octadentate ligand, capable of binding two metal ions; the X-ray structure of the dinuclear ZnCl2 adduct of 1,1,4,7,7-penta(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dinuclear CuII and ZnII compounds of the new ligand 1, 1, 4, 7, 7-penta(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-1, 4, 7-triazaheptane were synthesized; the X-ray structure of the Zn compound shows that one Zn atom is six-co-ordinated by one Cl and five N atoms, whereas the second Zn atom is five-co-ordinated by three N and two Cl atoms.
Estimation of Intensity of Land Use from Ethnobiology: Applied to the Yuma Indians

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the western part of the United States the landscape exhibits a great range of variation in topography and climate with great variation, also, in life zones and in the value of these zones to the economy of the Indian. Where sharp contrasts in geographical environment are to be found within the territory or range of a single tribe it is possible to estimate from ethnobiology how much each of two or more environments provided in the way of raw materials of use to the Indian.
The Impact of Taxes and Expenditures on Poverty and Income Distribution in Argentina and Some Policy Simulations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using standard fiscal incidence analysis, this paper estimates the impact of tax and expenditure policies on income distribution and poverty in Argentina with data from the National Household Survey on Incomes and Expenditures 2012-2013. The results show that fiscal policy has been a powerful tool in reducing inequality and poverty but that the unusually high levels of public spending may make the programs unsustainable. The impact of several policy measures carried out by the government have also been simulated. / Utilizando un análisis de incidencia fiscal estándar, este trabajo estima el impacto de las políticas tributarias y de gasto público en la distribución del ingreso y la pobreza en Argentina con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares 2012-2013. Los resultados muestran que la políticas fiscal ha sido una poderosa herramienta en la reducción de la desigualdad y la pobreza pero los inusualmente elevados niveles de gasto público podrían hacer que los programas resulten no sustentables. Se ha simulado también el impacto de algunas medidas de política fiscal llevadas a cabo por el gobierno.
Influence Of Parasitic Elements On Laser Diode Characterization By Electrical Noise Measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence of parasitic elements on the wideband electrical noise in semiconductor lasers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the maximum small-signal modulation bandwidth can be determined from measurements of the electrical noise spectrum. A small difference of the peak frequency in the optical intensity noise and the peak frequency in the electrical noise spectra is observed (about 200 MHz), and is explained by introducing the nonlinear intrinsic diode impedance in the parasitic model.