jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SELECTION OF INNOVATION PROJECTS, WITH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR ADAPTIVE PROPERTIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In clause use of a quantitative estimation of adaptive properties innovation of the projects for development of the concept of an estimation and choice of the priority design decisions of regional economic development is offered. The basic stages of technology of selection of the projects are determined in view of their adaptive qualities. The offered economic model allows to accept the proved decisions on investment of means in development of the enterprises of region.
An illustrated dictionary of ceramics;: Defining 3,054 terms relating to wares, materials, processes, styles, patterns, and shapes from antiquity to the present day

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A reference for collectors, dealers and all those interested in ceramics, embracing the vast range of ceramic types and terminology, from antiquity to the present day. It is also concerned with the physical nature of pottery and porcelain, as with periods, dynasties and general categories of wares.
Seeing and Seen: Acts of the Voyeur in the Paintings of Francis Bacon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are a number of characters in Bacon's paintings who seem strangely out of place, peeking in on intimate moments and sometimes turning their attention to us, the spectator of the works. These figures are the more literal representatives of a theme that runs throughout Bacon's work, namely that of the voyeur. My research looks at the numerous perspectives of the voyeur presented by Bacon in an attempt to better understand its rationale in his artistic production.
The Construction of Diversified Learning Platform Based on Bilingual Education - The Teaching Practice of E-commerce Course in SIFT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bilingual education is an important manifestation of internationalized school running mode in the current domestic colleges and universities. Combined with the bilingual teaching experience of e-commerce course in SIFT, this paper starts with the construction of diversified learning platform to give a detailed analysis on the reasonable arrangement of bilingual teaching course content, the effective organization of teaching methods, the build-up of teaching resources network, etc. Furthermore, it is proposed that the bilingual education program should pay more attention to teachers' training and improving the index system of course evaluation from a developing perspective.
Writing with Automated Machines: Between Translation and Sabotage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A generative text is a system constituted by non-conscious and conscious cognizers, digital and analogue processes, and mathematical and linguistic modes of representation. But how do algorithms cognize? And how is meaning constructed in a system where authorial intentions and readers’ experiences and interpretations are mediated by algorithmic agents? Through the analysis of How It Is In Common Tongues (Cayley and Howe, 2012), I intend to discuss the tensions that arise from the encounter between algorithmic and human cognition, and between the regimes of information and expression. Drawing on Katherine Hayles’ view on the cognitive non-conscious and Claude Shannon’s information theory I will start by establishing a distinction between information and meaning, between communication and expression, and between the regimes of information and of the literary. To reflect on the political ecology of digital mediation (situated in the informational regime of cybernetics), I will consider Matteo Pasquinelli’s perspective on the co-evolution of technology and economics, and discuss how algorithmic cognitive processes embody and reinforce the structures of contemporary cognitive capitalism. Finally, I will discuss the strategies of resistance enabled by aesthetic approaches to computation, such as the ones explored in this case study.
Flight Incentive Pay for Army Aviators

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The U.S. Army is paying incentives under the Aviation Career Incentive Act (ACIA) (to attract and retain qualified aviators) that are no longer justified. The research was designed to determine the Army's need to pay aviators ACIA in order to attract and maintain qualified aviators. The Aviation Career Incentive Pay Program was designed and implemented to prevent highly skilled personnel from leaving the military to take higher paying jobs in the civilian aviation sector. Air Force and Navy pilots make up the primary source of pilots for the civilian aviation sector and are in direct completion for trained aviators. Army pilots who are predominantly trained on helicopters are not heavily recruited by the civilian aviation sector as there is no significant market for helicopter pilots outside of the military. The results of this study indicate that the Army has been paying Aviation Career Incentive Pay to officer and warrant officer aviators for reasons other than those set down in the Act. Most Army aviators surveyed feel they are entitled to the pay, because of their special training and skills. At the time this study was completed there is no established shortage of qualified personnel applying for Army flight school. Additionally, the Army has not experienced any problems retaining qualified aviators. ACIA, Aviation Career Improvement Act, Flight Pay Army Aviators, Helicopter Pilots, Incentive Pay.
Determining the number of endmembers of hyperspectral images using clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Some applications require knowing how many materials are present in the scene represented by a hyperspectral Image. In a previous paper, we presented an algorithm that estimated the number of materials in the scene using clustering principles. The proposed algorithm obtains a hierarchy of image partitions and selects a partition using a validation Index; the estimated number of materials is set to the number of dusters of the selected partition. In this algorithm, the user must provide the Image and the maximum number of materials that can be estimated (P). In this paper, we have extended our algorithm so that It does not require P as input parameter. The proposed method Iteratively performs the estimation for several increasing values of P and stops the process when a certain condition is met. The results obtained with five hyperspectral Images show that our algorithm approximately estimates the number of materials in that images.
Differences between introduced and native grassland species revealed by responses to prolonged drought

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduced species are a typical feature of modern plant communities and experience environmental challenges alongside native species, though introduced species are often hypothesized to be functionally distinct. Changes in the environment may reveal distinct responses to environmental change for native and introduced components of plant communities. We tested for differences in native and introduced plant community composition in California grasslands collected during a period of severe drought. Sampling was conducted across serpentine soils, which are resilient against colonization by introduced species and maintain diverse native species assemblages, and across heavily invaded non-serpentine soils. On native dominated serpentine soils, there was no relationship between climatic variables and community composition over the survey period. On heavily invaded non-serpentine soils, compositional differences were significantly associated with precipitation. In particular, the native component of serpentine soils was only weakly correlated with current year precipitation and the native component of non-serpentine soils did not differ from null communities. In contrast, introduced species retained strong associations with precipitation on both soil types. We identified three introduced Eurasian grasses, Bromus hordeaceus , Elymus caput-medusae , and Avena fatua , as the greatest contributors to compositional change in non-serpentine communities. These analyses suggest that the majority of compositional change during this period of severe drought manifested within introduced species. Our results are consistent with a hypothesis that communities adapted to low-stress, high-competition plant conditions will experience substantial changes under drought, while communities adapted to high-stress, low-competition conditions exhibit greater resilience.
Carbon monoxide-cytochrome interactions in the brain of the fluorocarbon-perfused rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reflectance spectrophotometry through the skull was used to investigate carbon monoxide (CO) binding by tissue hemoproteins in the brains of barbiturate-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. After splenectomy and extensive perfluorotributylamine exchange transfusion, steady-state spectral scans were obtained in Soret and visible wave-length regions during O2 ventilation, during subsequent exposure to O2-enriched gases containing 1, 3, or 5% CO, and finally after N2 anoxia. These CO exposures were well-tolerated and electroencephalograph (EEG) activity continued to be present. Initial difference spectra were influenced by CO binding to residual hemoglobin, but spectral evidence of CO-mediated b-type cytochrome reduction was obtained in the visible region as CO concentration was increased to 3 or 5%. This was associated with Soret spectra compatible with formation of the reduced cytochrome a3-CO complex. Reduction of cytochrome a at 605 nm and cytochrome c + c1 at 550 nm was absent. These findings may indicate respiratory chain branching through b cytochromes, either to a separate a3-like oxidase independent of the classical cytochrome aa3 or to an unidentified alternative CO-sensitive oxidase.
Management of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas (WHO G3): A tailored approach between proliferation and morphology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the pancreas are defined by a mitotic count > 20 mitoses/10 high power fields and/or Ki67 index > 20%, and included all the tumors previously classified as poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas. These latter are aggressive malignancies with a high propensity for distant metastases and poor prognosis, and they can be further divided into small- and large-cell subtypes. However in the NEC category are included also neuroendocrine tumors with a well differentiated morphology but ki67 index > 20%. This category is associated with better prognosis and does not significantly respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which represents the gold standard therapeutic approach for poorly differentiated NEC. In this review, the differences between well differentiated and poorly differentiated NEC are discussed considering both pathology, imaging features, treatment and prognostic implications. Diagnostic and therapeutic flowcharts are proposed. The need for a revision of current classification system is stressed being well differentiated NEC a more indolent disease compared to poorly differentiated tumors.
Clinical, instrumental and pharmacological comparisons of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in real clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to compare demographic, clinical, functional, laboratory data, and therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma who seek for medical aid at medical institutions of Kazan’. Methods. The study involved 153 patients with COPD aged 33 to 89 years and 229 patients with asthma aged 18 to 87 years. Clinical status, rate of exacerbations, spirometric data, treatment and compliance during the previous year were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-18 software. Results. COPD patients were older (64.1 ± 0,7 vs 55.4 ± 0,9 years in asthma patients; p < 0,01), more often were males (98.7% vs 1.3%, p < 0.001) and smokers. Coronary heart disease (39.0% vs 25.3%; p < 0.010) and chronic heart failure (35.7% vs 17.5%; p < 0.001) were more common in patients with COPD, while rhinitis (42.4 % vs 3.9%; p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (13.1% vs 4.5%; p < 0.001) were more common in asthma patients. Allergic disease was 5-fold more often in asthma patients. Morning symptoms affected daily activity in 77.3% of COPD patients compared to 66.8% of asthma patients (p < 0.05). Generally, daytime activity was impaired in 55.2% of patients with COPD and in 12.7% of patients with asthma (p < 0.05). Excessive use of short-acting bronchodilators was noted at nighttime in 89.6% with COPD and 70.7% with asthma (p < 0.001). Other treatment was in line with guidelines for each the disease. The most convenient inhalational drug delivery device for COPD patients was a metered dosed inhaler, while patients with asthma preferred dry powder inhalers. Compliance of asthma patients was significantly higher than that of COPD patients (57.2% vs 27.8%; p < 0.001). The level of compliance did not change while fixed and free combinations of ICS and LABA or different inhalational devices were used in patients with COPD or asthma. Conclusion. There is a number of clinical signs to distinguish COPD and asthma quite easily in primary care facilities. Excessive use of short-acting bronchodilators and a low compliance of patients are issues requiring to be improved.
ANALYSIS OF ROTATOR CUFF INJURY IN TENNIS PLAYERS USING LONG RACKET VS SHORT RACKET

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Tennis is a famous sport worldwide but it involves sudden special moves that may cause severe musculoskeletal injuries to the player. Most common musculoskeletal injuries in tennis are overuse injuries of wrist and elbow. But certain other factors may also put stress on other body parts for instance, shoulder and calf region. Objective: The purpose of this research is to find association of rotator cuff injury with length of rackets in Tennis Players. Method and materials: An analytical association study method was used. The inclusive criteria are fulfilled by tennis players from different clubs and universities. Data will be collected after taking informed consent. A self-made questionnaire was used for the assessment of rotator cuff injury and pain in which Hawkin-kenedy test is applied. Result: The result showed that P value of association of rotator cuff injury and length of rackets used by lawn tennis players was 0.488. P value .05 ≤was considered no significant difference. Conclusion: There is no significant association between rotator cuff injury with the length of long and short rackets in Tennis Players. The probability of injury may depend on the body mechanics of the player. Key Words: Pain, Rotator cuff injury, Sports, Tennis, Wrist Joint.
The Problem of Applying Foreign Law under Section 44(i) of the Constitution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dual citizens are ineligible to sit in the Federal Parliament by virtue of section 44(i) of the Australian Constitution. In 2017 in Re Canavan, the High Court took a strict interpretation of that section, meaning that dual citizens are ineligible regardless of whether they have any knowledge of their foreign citizenship. The status of foreign citizenship, and therefore the status of eligibility under the Constitution, falls to a question of foreign law. This gives foreign law a peculiar significance in determining who may and may not participate in our democratic system of government. Most commentary on the dual citizenship crisis has centred on the constitutional implications, and the normative question of whether section 44(i) ought to exist. Instead, this article focuses on the internal problems of section 44(i) as it stands, according to its recent interpretations by the High Court. Specifically, this paper is concerned with the exceptions to the application of foreign law under section 44(i). It asks, when will the Court defy the word of foreign law? And on what principled basis?
Reliability and Competitive Electricity Market

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper seeks to bridge the gap between economists focused on designing competi-tive market mechanisms and engineers focused on the physical attributes and engineering requirements they perceive as being needed for operating a reliable electric power system. The paper starts by deriving the (second-best) optimal prices and investment program when there are price-insensitive retail consumers, but when their load serving entities can choose any level of rationing they prefer contingent on real time prices. It then examines the as-sumptions required for a competitive wholesale and retail market to achieve this optimal price and investment program. The paper examines the implications of relaxing several of these assumptions. First, it analyzes the interrelationships between regulator-imposed price caps and capacity obligations. It goes on to explore the implications of potential network col-lapses, the concomitant need for operating reserve requirements and whether market prices will provide incentives for investments consistent with these reserve requirements. 1
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE DISCOURSE MARKERS IN FAKE NEWS OF THE ENGLISH MEDIA DISCOURSE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ФУНКЦІЇ ДИСКУРСИВНИХ МАРКЕРІВ В ФЕЙКОВИХ НОВИНАХ АНГЛОМОВНОГО МЕДІАДИСКУРСУАктуальність теми роботи зумовлена зростанням лінгвістичного інтересу до аналізу особливостей медіадискурсу і пошуку шляхів розпізнання та виявлення фейкових новин, а також недостатньою кількістю досліджень прагматичних особливостей неправдивих новин у медіапросторі.Особливо актуальним є питання аналізу фейкових новин у наш час, коли з кожним днем кількість інформації, яку отримує людина, зростає, і саме медіапростір є одним з ключових чинників формування особистості, сприйняття і пізнання нею дійсності
Central Nervous System Demyelination in Paediatric Pars Planitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intermediate uveitis (IU) can occur secondary to systemic autoinflammatory disorders, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In contrast, pars planitis (PP) specifically refers to an idiopathic form of IU, characterized by the absence of any identifiable underlying systemic condition. The frequency of the association between PP and CNS demyelination is unknown in children. A retrospective analysis of paediatric PP patients’ clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data was conducted to investigate the coexistence of PP and CNS demyelinating pathologies in children. The cohort comprised 65 paediatric patients with PP, mean age 13.25 ± 3.1, (range 6–18, median 13) years, 41.5% female, who had at least one brain MRI. The mean follow-up was 4.02 ± 2.76 (range 0.5–11, median 4) years. Demyelinating lesions on MRI were visible in 5/65 (7.7%) patients. None reported neurological symptoms nor had abnormal findings on neurological examination. Three patients who had been undergoing adalimumab (ADA) treatment for a period of between three months and four years had their ADA therapy stopped when a demyelinating lesion was observed on MRI. Additionally, mycophenolate mofetil or methotrexate treatment was maintained as a maintenance therapy. The other two patients had not received any immunomodulatory treatment when demyelinating lesions were identified, and MRI findings were taken into consideration when treatment was planned. Demyelinating lesions of the CNS can be detected in paediatric PP patients at a rate similar to adults. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of silent demyelination in PP and plan the anti-inflammatory treatment accordingly.
A Descriptive Study of Childhood Cancer Statistics: Montgomery County

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: This research describes childhood cancer and identifies variances in childhood cancer statistics in the United States, Ohio, and Montgomery County. Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of childhood cancer statistics using the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System (OCISS) (Ohio Department of Health, 2010) and CDC Wonder database (United States Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], & National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2008 & 2011.) Cancer incidences between white children and black children were compared for the years 1999-2009. The OCISS database was also used to compare vital status by race, cancer stage and primary payer at diagnosis as factors related to childhood cancer in Montgomery County. Results: Since the population in Montgomery County is 79% white and 20% black it seems like there is a higher incidence of black children with cancer, compared with the United States and Ohio;, in actuality the incidence rates follow the population trend. Montgomery County had high incidences of late stage diagnoses compared to early stage diagnoses, and more than 50%, more black children were deceased compared to white proportions. There were two times more deceased cases with late stage diagnosis than with an early stage diagnosis. Medicaid as a primary payer was low and not an important predictor. Conclusions: More research is required to elucidate the higher childhood cancer mortality rate for black children and the high number of late stage diagnoses. More parental education is needed on early childhood cancer warning signs to decrease late stage detections.
Auf der Speisekarte der DPAG: Rechtliche oder ökonomische Marktzutrittsschranken?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Summary The liberalization of the German Markets for postal services which have been realized with the beginning of 2008 was politically combined with the introduction of minimum wage legislation. This minimum wage increases the labour costs of the competitors without reaching the cost level of the incumbent. The industrial economic analysis shows that the minimum wage is able to prevent market entries. But the minimum wage legislation is under attack by administrative courts and some political parties. Hence, it is possible that the minimum wage for postal services will be shortly abolished. An alternative to the minimum wage could be the using of existing economies of scale and scope by the incumbent to squeeze the competitors out of the market.
The “LED‐version” of the electron gun

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary We report on our progress to develop and optimize electron sources for practical applications. A simple fabrication process is introduced based on a wafer dicing saw and a wet chemical etch step without the need for a clean room. Due to the formation of crystal facets the samples show a homogeneous geometry throughout the array. Characterization techniques are developed to systematically compare various arrays. A very defined measurement procedure based on current controlled IV‐sweeps as well as lifetime measurements at various currents is proposed. To investigate the current distribution in the array a commercial CMOS detector is used and shows the potential for in depth analysis of the arrays. Finally, a compact hermetically sealed housing is presented enabling electron generation in atmospheric pressure environments.
Study on the impacts of leaders' positive psychological capital and personality on followers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the impacts of leaders’ positive psychological capital and personality on organizational commitment, employee engagement, job satisfaction and life satisfaction of employees in the service industry of Singapore. Survey responses were collected from 194 employees from the retail, banking and hotel sectors. Results from linear regression indicate that leaders’ positive psychological capital and self-efficacy and conscientiousness have significant impacts on all the subordinate outcomes measured. Leaders’ trust was found to have a positive and significant impact on only subordinate’s general health. Implications and limitations are discussed.