jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of a selective arginase 2 inhibitor imidamethazoline class on the development of monocrotoline-induced pulmonary hypertension

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The study of innovative drugs at the molecular, tissue, organ, systemic and organismic levels with an assessment of their safety are part of preclinical studies. In this case, studies aimed at specific pharmacological targets are especially important. The search for a selective arginase 2 inhibitor is necessary in terms of the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. One of the most common models of LH is the monocrotalin model of pulmonary hypertension.
Research tasks: To evaluate the protective effects of a selective arginase 2 inhibitor, including the right ventricular contractility parameters on a monocrotalin model of pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Material and Methods: A study was conducted of 5 groups of animals of 10 rats. After using a selective arginase 2 inhibitor, blood pressure, heart rate, Fulton’s index, BT index, and condition of the right ventricle were evaluated.
Results and Discussion: It was found that L207-0525 at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg and tadalafil 10 mg/kg prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension. This is expressed in preventing an increase in systolic pressure in the right ventricle, Fulton, RV/BW and WT indices. L207-0525 showed a dose of 3 mg/kg for the activity shown.
Conclusion: The results indicate a dose-dependent protective activity of the selective arginase 2 inhibitor L207-0525 in relation to the development of monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension.
Animal vaccination and the evolution of viral pathogens.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Despite reducing disease, vaccination rarely protects against infection and many pathogens persist within vaccinated animal populations. Circulation of viral pathogens within vaccinated populations may favour the development of vaccine resistance with implications for the evolution of virus pathogenicity and the emergence of variant viruses. The high rate of mutations during replication of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses is conducive to the development of escape mutants. In vaccinated cattle, unusual mutations have been found in the major antigenic site of foot and mouth disease virus, which is also involved in receptor recognition. Likewise, atypical changes have been detected in the immunodominant region of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Large deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses are able to recombine, generating new genotypes, as shown by the potential of glycoprotein E-negative vaccine strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 to recombine with wild-type strains. Marek's disease virus is often quoted as an example of vaccine-induced change in pathogenicity. The reasons for this increase in virulence have not been elucidated and possible explanations are discussed.
Object-Business Process Mapping Frameworks: Abstractions, Architecture, and Implementation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The integration between enterprise architectures and Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) is currently based on low-level programming interfaces that expose accidental complexities typical of process implementations. This paper describes an approach for integrating software architectures and BPMSs, based on mapping frameworks. Our inspiration are the Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks widely used to shield information systems from low-level structures exposed by relational database systems. The paper describes the central abstractions that should be provided by Object -- Business Process Mapping Frameworks (OBPM). We also propose a reference architecture for implementing OBPMs and a concrete OBPM implementation, called NextFlow. We evaluated our approach by comparing two implementations of the same system, one using NextFlow and another using the native API supported by jBPM, a popular BPMS. By using NextFlow, we achieved a reduction of 30% in terms of lines of code, 35% in terms of number of classes, and 90% in terms of import statements, when implementing this system.
Toxicity and Hazard Assessment of Pronil to Pest and Their Natural Enemies of Rice(Oryza sativa L.) in South Subtropical Zone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate toxicity of pronil and to determine the potential hazard posed by the insecticide against the pest and harmful to their natural enemies in rice paddy of South subtropical region.Field experiment were carried out with five treatments of spraying pronil at dosages of 5% SC 30 mL,and 5% SC 50 mL,and 80% WG 3 g,and 5% SC 20 mL +(Decamethrin K-othrin-Decis Deltamethrin) 20% EC 100 mL,triazophos 20% EC 150 mL + Bisultap 18% 300 mL and water(CK),respectively.The samples from the each treatments were replicated with three times.The result showsed that: 5% pronil of 30~50 mL·0.067 hm-2 had the best result in controlling Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guence) and other rice pests for a long time.In addition,total output of rice increased by 81.77% in the treated area comparison with the control plot.However,.all other treatment plots by insecticides had toxicity to predatory natural enemies in the rice paddy.Species richness and community diversity of predatory natural enemies took from dissimilarly by using different insecticides,especially those were sprayed with triazophos + bisultap declined more obviously than fipronil.The individual number controlled with fipronil was more than the other insecticides.This paper proved that fipronil has better function in controlling pests.In spite of fipronil was safer than other insecticides,but it still has some side-effects to predatory natural enemies in controlling pests in rice paddy field.
Research Progress of Detection and Migration of Metals in Ceramic and Glass Packaging Materials for Foods

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As harmful chemicals which can migrate from ceramic and glass packaging materials into foods threaten the health of consumers,relevant regulations have been established throughout the world to guarantee the safety of these packaging materials.This article summarizes residual contaminants in ceramic and glass packaging materials for foods,relevant regulations of EU and our country,food sample preparation methods and detection technologies of residual contaminants and migration.
Analysis of Pulmonary Function in Thymoma Subjects: A 20-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. However, the correlation between thymoma stage and pulmonary function was not assessed. Our objective in this study was to describe the pulmonary function in thymoma subjects stratified with different staging systems. Methods A total of 143 subjects with a diagnosis of thymoma who underwent extended thymectomy for thymoma between January 2001 and December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All the subjects experienced pulmonary function tests (PFTs) using Master Screen PFT system and total respiratory resistance measurement. Results We evaluated 143 subjects with a diagnosis of thymoma; the significant differences were observed in mean values of vital capacity, inspiratory volume (IC), total lung capacity (TLC), ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory flow, maximum ventilation volume, total airway resistance, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) across upper airway obstruction classification. PFTs of subjects with varying Masaoka stages are different. RV and RV/TLC of subjects in stages III and IV were higher than those of normal level, while DLCO of subjects in stage IV was lower than the normal level, and the mean level of IC showed significant difference between stage II and stage III. Discussion The pulmonary function patterns of thymoma subjects significantly correlate with tumor location and size rather than clinical Masaoka stage.
Electron optics simulation in the overall gyrotron geometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A model is presented for simulating the electron beam within the entire gyrotron geometry using an electron optics code. The model incorporates the influence of the electromagnetic fields generated by the cavity's operational mode through a simple self-consistent approach. This simulation method proves highly beneficial for investigating the effects occurring within the complete gyrotron structure. One such application includes the examination of ions and electrons, resulting from the ionization of residual gas molecules upon collision with the electron beam. By calculating the trajectories of these particles, interesting conclusions can be drawn.
UNHCR's Activities in the Field of Statelessness: Progress Report

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article UNHCR's Activities in the Field of Statelessness: Progress Report Get access Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 1, April 2004, Pages 124–130, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/23.1.124 Published: 01 April 2004
Breakthrough in Brain Tumor Diagnosis: A Cutting-Edge Hybrid Depthwise-Direct Acyclic Graph Network for MRI Image Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Both adults and children are at risk of dying from brain tumors. On the other hand, prompt and precise detection can save lives. Early detection is necessary for a proper diagnosis of a brain tumor, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used in this context. To assist in the early diagnosis of sickness, neuro-oncologists have used Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) in a number of ways. In this study, proposed a hybrid Depthwise-Direct Acyclic Graph Network (D-DAGNET)-based deep learning was developed to distinguish between cancers and non-tumors. Three processes make up this method: pre-processing, classification, and feature extraction. Pre-processing methods used in this study included contrast enhancement and image shrinking. The MRI picture is processed to get the wavelet and texture properties and used to build a classifier. Using MRI scans, the proposed hybrid Depthwise-Direct Acyclic Graph Network (D-DAGNET) model classifies two types of brain tumors: tumor and non-tumor. Performance criteria such as accuracy (ACC), specificity (SP), and sensitivity (SE) are used to assess the suggested hybrid Depthwise-Direct Acyclic Graph Network (D-DAGNET) model. Based on 850 images, the studies yielded a 99.54% categorization accuracy demonstrate that the suggested hybrid Depthwise-Direct Acyclic Graph Network (D-DAGNET) model beats the most advanced methods.
Look Who's Talking

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Language impairments have been hypothesized to have a genetic component. Previous studies of the familial aggregation of language impairments have relied on a retrospective approach based on parental/self-reported history of language development. This study examined familial aggregation prospectively, by investigating language acquisition and cognitive development in the younger siblings and offspring of individuals with well-defined language impairments. It was predicted that children with a positive family history for language impairments would be more likely to show delays in language acquisition than would age- and gender-matched controls. Similar delays were not expected in nonlinguistic domains, such as conceptual, gestural, or general cognitive development. Ten children with a positive family history and 10 age- and gender-matched controls were tested. Analyses of linguistic and cognitive assessments at 16 to 26 months confirmed the predictions. Children with a family history of language impairments had lower receptive and expressive language scores than controls, with 50% of them scoring at least 1.5 SD below the mean for their age. At the same time, performance on a number of tasks that did not rely on language abilities did not differ as a function of family history. These results indicate that children with a positive family history for language impairments are at risk for language delay; the results also support a familial component to language impairments.
Single and combined application of two-phase olive mill waste and dairy cattle slurry to soil: Short-term effects on N and C dynamics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) and dairy cattle slurry (CS) are two organic materials with low economic value and limited potential for reutilization despite their high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and organic matter. A laboratory incubation for ca. 100 d was performed to assess the short-term N and carbon (C) dynamics in a soil amended with TPOMW, CS and a mixture of both materials in order to: (i) explore the potential benefits of mixing TPOMW with CS to promote mineral N immobilization and avoid nitrate leaching, and (ii) assess the potential for increased soil C stocks after TPOMW, CS or TPOMW+CS application. Our results clearly showed that the combined application of TPOMW+CS caused N immobilization; hence, it contributes to tying up the applied N, resulting in a decrease of critical N leaching, which is usually observed after CS application. No clear N mineralization was observed in the TPOMW+CS treatment during the incubation period.It appears that an application of 30 Mg ha−1 of TPOMW is enough to decrease net N mineralization from applied CS, as the C:N ratio of the mixture TPOMW+CS is 27. More than 40% of the TPOMW-derived C remained in the soil at the end of the experiment in treatments with single and combined application of TPOMW+CS, indicating that such materials have the potential to increase C stocks in soil. It can be concluded that a combined application of TPOMW+CS is of interest to maintain the CS-derived N in organic form during a longer time period and minimize risks of nitrate leaching, although further studies are necessary to define a better TPOMW:CS ratio which allows a proper plant N uptake.
“If you don’t help me, I’m going to take my life”: the devastating impact of the US’s global gag rule and the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s sexual and reproductive health in Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 This information was obtained from interviews conducted by the authors in April 2020 with government health officials, healthcare providers, and stakeholders who work in sexual and reproductive health in Kenya. Information from these interviews is in Gravitt et al. (Citation2021).2 These include IUDs (intrauterine devices) and implants, which are inserted by a healthcare provider at a clinic visit and provide 99 percent effective pregnancy prevention for three to seven years, depending on the method used.3 These include oral contraceptives, condoms, diaphragms, and sponges, which are only 76–91 percent effective in preventing pregnancy, but are self-administered on a regular basis, thus obviating the need for an in-person clinic visit (although do, in some cases, require a prescription).Additional informationFundingThe authors would like to acknowledge funding and support from the Duke Global Health Institute’s Doctoral Scholar Program, Student Research Training Program, and Center for Global Reproductive Health, which made this research possible.Notes on contributorsKelly HunterKelly Hunter is a Duke Global Health Institute Doctoral Scholar and has been working with the Center for Global Reproductive Health since 2018. She is currently a PhD candidate in the Sanford School of Public Policy and the Department of Political Science at Duke University, where she studies international interventions and their impact on women in low- and middle-income countries. She is a recipient of the James B. Duke Fellowship and is a former graduate fellow at the Kenan Institute for Ethics.Sarah HubnerSarah Hubner is an undergraduate at Duke University and has been working with the Center for Global Reproductive Health since the beginning of 2020. She is expected to graduate in May 2021 with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Global Health and a Markets and Management Studies Certificate. Her coursework and research focuses on the role of Western foreign policy and the legacy of imperialism on health access and outcomes among marginalized groups in the low- and middle-income setting.Ema KuczuraEma Kuczura is an undergraduate student at Duke University and has been working with the Center for Global Reproductive Health since the beginning of 2020. She is expected to graduate in May 2021 with a degree in Public Policy and Global Health. Her coursework focuses on the intersection of racial, social, and economic injustice in the US.
Essential Oil Stabilisation by Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Nanoemulsion Formulation, Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Investigations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This manuscript aimed to optimise the encapsulation of Thymus capitatus essential oil into nanoemulsion. Response Surface Methodology results were best fitted into polynomial models with regression coefficient values of more than 0.95. The optimal nanoemulsion showed nanometer-sized droplets (380 nm), a polydispersity index less than 0.5, and a suitable Zeta potential (−10.3 mV). Stability results showed that nanoemulsions stored at 4 °C were stable with the lowest d3,2, PolyDispersity Index (PDI), and pH (day 11). Significant ameliorations in the capacity to neutralise DPPH radical after the encapsulation of the antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oil were recorded. S. typhimurium growth inhibition generated by nanoencapsulated thyme essential oil was 17 times higher than by bulk essential oil. The sensory analysis highlighted that the encapsulation of thyme essential oil improved enriched milk’s sensory appreciation. Indeed, 20% of the total population attributed a score of 4 and 5 on the scale used for milk enriched with nanoemulsion. In comparison, only 11% attributed the same score to milk enriched with bulk essential oil. The novel nanometric delivery system presents significant interest for agroalimentary industries.
Bonding of Wood Fiber Composites Simulating Natural Wood Cell Adhesion Using Lignin Activation Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wood fibers, after thermo-mechanical defibration, have a high concentration of lignin on the outer surface of the fiber. This outer surface is the residual middle lamella of the woody cell wall. When wood fibers are oxidatively treated with a chelator from Gloeophyllum trabeum, a brown-rot fungus, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H202) and ferric iron (Fe III), the free radicals produced may attack the surface lignin and other phenolic based compounds promoting reactions with themselves as well as other nucleophiles such as cellulose and hemicellulose. This chelator is a low molecular weight molecule that binds and reduces metals to facilitate the sustained production of hydroxyl radicals through a 'Fenton' mechanism. Activating the lignin and/or extractives on the surface of the wood fibers, which has been shown previously by chemical and enzymatic means, can give lignin the functionality of a self-bonding adhesive. Therefore, the need for conventional adhesives is eliminated. In preliminary work, fiberboard produced with a pre-treatment by a model Gt-chelator, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), showed an increase in the internal bond strength over that of fiberboard without DHBA pre-treatment. In this research, wet and modified dry-process fiberboard increased in internal bond, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity with DHBA pre-treatment over that of fiberboard without DHBA pre-treatment. The strongest boards were with a mM 1:10 ratio of DHBA:Fe III with peroxide. A mM 0:10 ratio of DHBA:Fe III displayed a similar bond and bending strength to the mM 1:10 ratio, suggesting that natural chelators in the wood are reacting similarly to low concentrations of DHBA in a Fenton-chelator mechanism. Reference fiberboard made from urea-formaldehyde resin, however, performed better than the Gt-chelator fiberboard in mechanical properties. Positive results from this system could lead to reduction in adhesive costs and less reliance on petroleum-based adhesives.
Priming with Myeloid Growth Factors Enhances CD33 Expression, Decreases P-Glycoprotein Activity, and Improves Efficacy of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin against Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Colony Forming Cells (CFC)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract While previous studies demonstrated the importance of drug efflux by P-glycoprotein (Pgp) for resistance to gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO; Mylotarg®), an anti-AML immunoconjugate between an anti-CD33 antibody (hP67.6) and a toxic calicheamicin-γ1 derivative, the role of CD33 expression for GO efficacy remained controversial. Using CFC assays performed on 77 primary AML specimens, we herein found that GO, but not unconjugated hP67.6 or a calicheamicin-γ1 immunoconjugate employing hCTM01 (an antibody targeting an endocytic epithelial tumor antigen [MUC1]), reduced CFC growth in a dose-dependent manner. The level of CD33 expression on AML blasts, as determined by flow cytometry, was associated with the extent of CFC reduction by GO at both 1 ng/mL (r=0.3467, n=46, p&lt;0.05) and 10 ng/mL (r=0.4129, n=54; p&lt;0.002); i.e., the higher CD33, the more pronounced the GO-induced CFC growth inhibition. Conversely, there was an inverse relationship between Pgp activity and the extent of CFC growth inhibition by GO (e.g., at 10 ng/mL GO: r=−0.3426, n=77; p&lt;0.005). The Pgp inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CSA), significantly enhanced the effect of GO on CFC growth, with greater effects found in samples with higher Pgp activity (e.g., at 10 ng/mL GO: r=0.3375, n=39, p&lt;0.05). Given the differentiation stage-dependent expression of Pgp and CD33, we next determined the ability of myeloid growth factors to modulate these factors and impact GO efficacy. CD33 expression was increased by 34±7%, 48±13%, and 111±18% in 8 primary AML samples treated with G-CSF, GM-CSF, or 4 growth factors [SCF/IL-3/G-CSF/GM-CSF] (all p&lt;0.01), respectively, after 2 days of culture compared to cytokine-free controls; a similar effect of 4 growth factors was also found on FACS-isolated subpopulations of CD33neg/low cells. Conversely, growth factors decreased Pgp activity, as measured in a set of 9 samples, in which G-CSF/GM-CSF for 2 days decreased Pgp activity from 1.89±0.35 to 1.51±0.19 (p&lt;0.01). Finally, we compared GO toxicity against CFC kept for 2 days in SCF/IL-3 alone vs. SCF/IL-3/G-CSF/GM-CSF. In 15 primary AML samples with adequate CFC growth, the addition of GM-CSF/G-CSF enhanced GO toxicity in 5/5 samples with limited GO susceptibility, as defined by &lt;40% CFC reduction in medium containing SCF/IL-3 only (51±5% vs 14±13%, p=0.0079). This effect was only apparent in the absence of CSA, suggesting the importance of drug efflux for GO resistance in these cases and indicating that growth factors can overcome this resistance. In conclusion, these data support the importance not only of Pgp but also of quantitative CD33 expression for GO efficacy against primary AML cells. Importantly, priming with myeloid growth factors may modulate these factors and enhance GO efficacy against CFC with limited GO susceptibility, suggesting a potential role as chemosensitizer for GO-based anti-AML therapies.