jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Table_7_Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for Identification and Validation of Genomic Biomarkers and Key Immunopathology Processes and Controllers in Infectious and Non-infectious Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome.xlsx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Sepsis is defined as dysregulated host response caused by systemic infection, leading to organ failure. It is a life-threatening condition, often requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The causative agents and processes involved are multifactorial but are characterized by an overarching inflammatory response, sharing elements in common with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of non-infectious origin. Sepsis presents with a range of pathophysiological and genetic features which make clinical differentiation from SIRS very challenging. This may reflect a poor understanding of the key gene inter-activities and/or pathway associations underlying these disease processes. Improved understanding is critical for early differential recognition of sepsis and SIRS and to improve patient management and clinical outcomes. Judicious selection of gene biomarkers suitable for development of diagnostic tests/testing could make differentiation of sepsis and SIRS feasible. Here we describe a methodologic framework for the identification and validation of biomarkers in SIRS, sepsis and septic shock patients, using a 2-tier gene screening, artificial neural network (ANN) data mining technique, using previously published gene expression datasets. Eight key hub markers have been identified which may delineate distinct, core disease processes and which show potential for informing underlying immunological and pathological processes and thus patient stratification and treatment. These do not show sufficient fold change differences between the different disease states to be useful as primary diagnostic biomarkers, but are instrumental in identifying candidate pathways and other associated biomarkers for further exploration.</p>
The Characteristics of Cognitive, Emotional and Social Development of Remedial Students in Learning Numeracy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study was conducted to understand the factors affecting the implementation of LINUS Numeracy program for hardcore students in three schools in the Kinta Utara District, Ipoh, Perak. This study used a purpose sampling method in selecting teachers as participants. Interviews, observations and review of documents ware used to gather information. The data was analyzed using content analysis and constant comparative method. The findings showed that the hardcore students have attendance problem, lack of focus during the learning process, health and learning problems, not giving response when questions are asked by the teacher, have no interest in learning and also have family problems. All of these problems will implicate the performance of LINUS in the school, state and the ministry particularly if they are not controlled earlier. Various parties need to play their roles in ensuring the performance of LINUS results is at a commendable level. In this study, there are three main features to focus on the characteristics of cognitive, emotional and social only. There are several programs to attract students and able to increase their achievement for example is extra classes, Numeracy Camps, Out Reach Program, Token Economy and Mentor-mentee.
Effect of killer impurities on laser-excited barium-doped ZnS phosphors at liquid nitrogen temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Zinc sulphide phosphors doped with Ba, as well as killer impurities of Fe, Co and Ni, having variable concentrations, were synthesized; and using an ultraviolet laser as the excitation source, decay-curve analyses were done. Various strong emissions in these phosphors were detected and the corresponding excited-state life times were measured at liquid nitrogen temperature. Studies were carried out to see the effect of killer impurities on the phosphorescence excited-state life times. Excited-state life times were found to decrease appreciably (microsecond to nanosecond) with the addition of quenchers. These studies are quite useful and find applications in areas such as optical memories, sensors, luminescent screens, laser-beam detection and alignment, color displays, printing, etc.
On the Conduction and Convection Heat Transfer From Lightweight Advanced Heat Sinks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Seamless advancements in the electronics industry lead to high heat fluxes from very limited thermal real estates. Use of natural convection air cooling is of interest to meet some of the low flux cooling needs, while active cooling techniques via liquid or forced convection are the methods of choice. In natural convection heat transfer applications, the components used for cooling may represent a significant portion of the overall weight of the system. Consequently, advanced materials are of interest in such applications, as they may substantially reduce the total size and weight of the system. Many of these advanced materials have anisotropic thermophysical properties, hence the control of thermal conductivity is crucial. This paper is motivated to address the lack of understanding of the use of anisotropic advanced materials in natural convection environments. Numerical simulations are carried out to test the performance of heat sinks made of such materials and comparisons are made with the heat sinks of traditional engineering materials under the same conditions. The results demonstrate that the total weight of the system may be reduced drastically with the use of advanced materials relative to the most commonly used heat sink materials at the same thermal performance. A figure of merit (FOM) is proposed to compare the thermal performance of different heat sinks. Total resistance, conduction and convection resistances, and performance-related FOM values for each heat sink are presented. It is shown that the conduction thermal resistance is dominant at lower fin thicknesses for sparse heat sinks while it is negligible for dense heat sinks. Pyrolytic graphite-based heat sinks demonstrate the best thermal performance, while carbon-foam heat sinks produce the highest FOM values due to the material's low density.
Incretin mimetics in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A review of the mechanism of insulin resistance in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the recent use of incretins drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.it focuses on the efficacy,safety profile and potential health benefits.also,the efficacy in the combination with the older oral antidiabetics are disscussed.
Diversity and Structure of Bacterial Communities in the Gut of Spider: Thomisidae and Oxyopidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The gut microbiomes of insects were known to have great impact on their physiological properties for survival like nutrition, behaviour and health. In nature, spiders are one of the main predators of insects and yet their gut microbiomes remain unclear. It is important to explore the gut microbiomes of spiders in the wild to gain an insight on the host-bacterial relationship. Here, we studied the diversity and structure of gut bacterial communities of seven spider species belonging to two families i.e. Thomisidae and Oxyopidae from different states of India. Our data revealed a total of 16 bacterial phyla with Proteobacteria as predominant group in Thomisidae and Firmicutes in Oxyopidae.The core bacterial communities in the spider guts include the genera of Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium, and Pseudomonas. The genus Paraclostridium was observed for the first time and only in one spider species i.e. Peucetia viridans. Our data also indicated a higher gut bacterial community similarity between spider species belonging to Thomisidae as compared to those belonging to Oxyopidae. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis predicted the presence of nine active functional metabolic pathways related to the metabolism of fatty acids and sugar, degradation of organic compounds, and biosynthesis of vitamin E.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Removable Splinting Versus Casting for Wrist Buckle Fractures in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE. Wrist buckle fractures are a frequent reason for emergency department visits. Although textbooks recommend 2 to 4 weeks of immobilization in a short arm cast, management varies. Treatment with both casts and splints is common, and length of immobilization varies. The objective was to determine if children with distal radius and/or ulna buckle fractures treated with a removable splint have better physical functioning than those treated with a short arm cast for 3 weeks. METHODS. This was a randomized, controlled trial in the emergency department of an academic, tertiary care children's hospital. Participants were children 6 to 15 years of age with distal radius and/or ulna buckle fractures who were randomly assigned to treatment with a short arm cast for 3 weeks or a removable splint. Cast removal was at 3 weeks. A validated self-reported outcome tool, the Activities Scales for Kids performance version (ASKp), was used to measure physical functioning over a 4-week period. The main outcome was the ASKp score at 14 days postinjury. RESULTS. We randomly assigned 113 patients, and 87 were included in the final analysis: 42 in the splint group and 45 in the cast group. Study groups were similar in age, gender, bone fractured, and dominant hand injured. There were significant differences in ASKp score at day 14 and change in ASKp from baseline at days 14 and 20, indicating better functioning in the splint group. Splinted children had less difficulty with bathing throughout the entire study. There were no significant differences in pain between groups as measured by visual analog scale. There were no refractures. CONCLUSIONS. Children treated with removable splinting have better physical functioning and less difficulty with activities than those treated with a cast.
A proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of human somatotropin (growth hormone). Assignment and properties of the histidine residues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of human somatotropin (growth hormone) show perturbed peaks from individual aromatic and aliphatic apolar residues, characteristic of a specifically folded globular structure. The imidazole C-2-H resonances of the histidine residues (at positions 18, 21 and 151 in the somatotropin sequence) were individually resolved, and their titration behaviour in the pH range 1.2-11.5 was investigated. The imidazole C-2-H resonance of histidine-151 is assigned, by comparison of its titration behaviour in human somatotropin and desamido-somatotropin (Asn-152 leads to Asp-152). The C-2-H resonances of all three histidine residues are assigned, by comparison of their relative deuterium-exchange rates (determined by n.m.r.) and the relative tritium-exchange rates of the histidine residues (determined by tryptic digestion of tritiated human somatotropin and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid-chromatographic separation of the histidine-containing tryptic peptides). There is evidence that histidine-18 forms an ion-pair bond with a glutamic acid or aspartic acid residue. The globular structure does not appear to change from pH3 to 11.5, though there is evidence for an unfolding of a region of the structure (involving histidine-21 and a tyrosine residue) below pH3.
Informal Cross border Livestock Trade Restrictions in Eastern Africa: Is there a case for free flows in Ethiopia-Kenyan Borderlands?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The case of informal cross border livestock trade in Ethiopia-Kenya border areas is examined with the intention to clear some doubts on conventional perceptions and broadly explore the implied effects of restrictive official interventions on the welfare of the peripheral population. The informal channel accounts for an estimated 71% of total value of live animal exports and 78% of consumer goods and productive inputs imported into the area. It is found that cross border livestock trade restrictions could lead to substantial drops in pastoral household welfare. In the case of Ethio-Kenyan borderlands, the informal traded livestock flows rather appear to be mutually beneficial, and should be guided by bilateral cross border co-operation of free flows.
Job Stress Experienced by Correctional Officers in Hawai‘i Related to Working in a Carceral Space

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of poor psychological and physical health and wellness among correctional officers (COs) is not new, but it is getting more attention. Extant literature suggests that one of the greatest threats to CO wellness is job stress (Brower, 2013; Huckabee, 1992). A United States Department of Justice Programs Diagnostic Center Study found that COs have: (1) a higher rate of suicide than those in other occupations; (2) experience some level of post-traumatic stress disorder, and; (3) on average, will not live past 59 years of age (Brower, 2013). This research: (a) investigated job stress experienced by COs in Hawai‘i working in Carceral Space and (b) informed the need for evidence-based prevention programming to prevent and treat job stress experienced by COs in the system of corrections in Hawai‘i. It was found that: (i) COs experienced their work environment as a site of liminality; (ii) COs interpersonal relationships suffered as a result of their job stress; (iii) COs experienced declining health and well-being, which they attributed to their job stress; (iv) COs wanted access to resources/support to help ameliorate their job stress; and (v) COs placed importance on their sense of support within their work environment for dealing with their job stress. The implications of this research suggest that the negative impacts of poor CO wellness cast a long shadow, impacting prisoners, co-workers, families, the entire correctional setting, and the communities in which COs live. It is suggested that individual and system-level research be conducted within correctional facilities to ensure that these institutions are running well and can help safeguard all health and safety.
Asian-type DEL among D-negative patients and donors in Malaysia can ease the demand for D-negative red cells and RhIG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: In East and Southeast Asia, D-negative blood units and donors are rare (<0.5%). A recent prospective clinical trial suggested that patients with the Asian-type DEL (RHD∗DEL1) can be safely managed as D-positive. However, despite a clinically relevant prevalence of Asian-type DEL (typically 17%) in East Asia, data on its prevalence in the Malay population were lacking. We reviewed Rh phenotyping records of blood donors in Terengganu, Malaysia, collected over 4 years, and conducted molecular analysis of the RHD gene on serologic D-negative blood donors and patient samples collected in 2024. Among 33 829 blood donors, 179 (0.53%) were serologic D-negative, with the highest prevalence (5%) in Indian donors. The prevalence of Asian-type DEL was found to be 25% among Malay D-negative blood donors and 21% among Malay patients, higher than in most East Asian populations. The findings suggest that implementing red cell genotyping can improve the precise allocation of red cell resources, conserve the supply of rare D-negative blood, and eliminate unnecessary RhIG injections.
Study on the Difference of Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency and Classification in the Different Wheat Varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Under high and low fertility conditions,30 main wheat varieties in different periods were selected as materials in Shandong Province.The difference of nitrogen absorption allocation and utilization were researched in the different wheat varieties,and the nitrogen-efficient varieties were selected.The results showed that the difference of nitrogen content of whole plant,stem-leaf,glume,and grain among the different wheat varieties were highly significant.In two fertilities conditions,the max than the min increased 22.62% and 42.58%,58.18% and 78.67%,70.15% and 59.92%,24.26% and 42.64%,and the nitrogen content of various organs increased with the improvement of soil fertility.Average nitrogen content of varieties in the high-fertility planted was increased by 12.47%,30.16%,12.26% and 5.47% than in the low-fertility.The average nitrogen distribution among varieties in two fertilities conditions:grain were 72.13% and 74.14%,stem-leaf were 21.61% and 18.70%,glame were 6.25% and 7.16%.Distribution of glume and grain in the low fertility conditions increased by 14.56% and 2.79% than in the high fertility conditions,but stem-leaf decreased 13.47%.By the UPGMA of Clustering,Clustered Yannong19,Lumai21,Shannong 8355 and Lumai15 four higher NUE and higher UHI varieties.And clustered Jimai20,Zimai12,Shannong12,and Hongyoubao four higher UHI varieties and Xiaoyan6,Yannong15 two higher NHI varieties planted suitable for low fertility.Lumai14 and Lumai15 were higher NUE varieties
Attention Enhanced Serial Unet++ Network for Removing Unevenly Distributed Haze

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of image dehazing is the reduction of the image degradation caused by suspended particles for supporting high-level visual tasks. Besides the atmospheric scattering model, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used for image dehazing. However, the existing image dehazing algorithms are limited in face of unevenly distributed haze and dense haze in real-world scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end convolutional neural network called attention enhanced serial Unet++ dehazing network (AESUnet) for single image dehazing. We attempt to build a serial Unet++ structure that adopts a serial strategy of two pruned Unet++ blocks based on residual connection. Compared with the simple Encoder–Decoder structure, the serial Unet++ module can better use the features extracted by encoders and promote contextual information fusion in different resolutions. In addition, we take some improvement measures to the Unet++ module, such as pruning, introducing the convolutional module with ResNet structure, and a residual learning strategy. Thus, the serial Unet++ module can generate more realistic images with less color distortion. Furthermore, following the serial Unet++ blocks, an attention mechanism is introduced to pay different attention to haze regions with different concentrations by learning weights in the spatial domain and channel domain. Experiments are conducted on two representative datasets: the large-scale synthetic dataset RESIDE and the small-scale real-world datasets I-HAZY and O-HAZY. The experimental results show that the proposed dehazing network is not only comparable to state-of-the-art methods for the RESIDE synthetic datasets, but also surpasses them by a very large margin for the I-HAZY and O-HAZY real-world dataset.
Research on Protocol Conformance Testing Method Based on Petri net

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Network protocol conformance testing is a functional black box testing.It tests whether that if the implementation of a protocol consistent with consists with the protocol standards according to the protocol text description.A method of network protocol conformance testing with Petri net is presented.Using this method, not only the protocol is described by Petri net but also testing set, testing operation, testing execution, testing judgment are all described by Petri net.This makes Petri net, a formal tool, to run the whole process through protocol conformance testing.This is easy to understand, even though the whole test process can be visualized by graphical method and made the whole process strictly accurate.In order to illustrate the correctness of the method, the Petri net model of SIP protocol and conformance testing process of SIP protocol are given.
Dielectric resonator antenna for Short Range Wireless Communication Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Present scenario of communication, all wired ones replacing with wireless. So, to achieve efficient communication in wireless technology, efficient radiators required. One such efficient radiators is Dielectric resonator antenna. The extremely wide spectrum of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with 15 bands of bandwidth greater than 500 MHz and power limit less than -41.3 dBm/MHz announced by FCC for Ultra wide band. The release of this Spectrum has rapidly increased the research in UWB technology for communications, radar imaging, and localization applications. Radio systems based on UWB technology offer opportunities for transmission of high data rate signals, coding for security and low probability of intercept, especially in multi user network applications .DRA is one of the best antennas for UWB applications due to its attractive features like high radiation efficiency, low dissipation loss, small size, light weight, and low profile. Moreover, DRAs which possess a high degree of design flexibility, have emerged as an ideal candidate for wide band, high efficiency, and cost-effective applications. Second antenna is designed which resonates at 5.5 GHz which is suitable for 802.11a WLAN applications.Third antenna is designed to resonate at two different frequencies one at 2.42 GHz and other at 9.13 GHz.
Determination of Satisfaction Levels and Related Factors Regarding Women's Positive Birth Experience: A Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction levels and related factors related to the positive birth experience of women. Methods: This study, using a quantitative approach, is a descriptive and cross-sectional study based on the general survey model. The sample of the study consisted of 276 women who gave normal birth in the gynecology and obstetrics services 24 hours after giving birth in a training and research hospital in a province in the south of Turkey between 17.05.2022 and 29.12.2022. The study included postpartum women who were over 37 weeks of gestation, had a healthy fetus, had no complications during pregnancy-birth-postpartum period, were healthy, could speak, understand and write Turkish, had no communication barriers and volunteered to participate in the study. The data were collected face-to-face with a questionnaire prepared using the literature. A series of chi-square analyzes were conducted to examine whether overall satisfaction with the birth experience differed depending on the characteristics of childbirth care. Results: The ages of the women ranged from 19 to 42 (mean: 28.67±5.25). 54.3% of the participants are under the age of 30, 46% are secondary school graduates and 47.8% are working. 52.2% stated that they were generally satisfied with the birth experience. It is observed that there are significant differences between the groups in all cases except when women are given the freedom to eat and drink during the contraction period and the baby is given to the lap as soon as the baby is born (p &lt; .001). Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that more than half of the women were generally satisfied with the birth experience. The characteristics of the room where the mothers spent in labor, accompanying the birth of a person they want, receiving one-to-one midwife support, exposure of the personnel to negative behavior, being involved in the decision-making process at birth, receiving understandable information from the health personnel, respecting the privacy of being allowed to move in labor, ensuring the safety of the baby's life It was determined that providing breastfeeding in the first hour affected the satisfaction of the mothers. It is recommended to conduct large-scale, comprehensive studies evaluating the effect of positive birth experience on maternal satisfaction.