jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measuring Social Anxiety in 11 Countries

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on two studies conducted to develop and validate a new self-report measure of social phobia/anxiety – the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults (SAQ-A) (Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos, CASO-A). A diary-item recording procedure was used to generate the initial pool of items. In Study 1, data from 12,144 participants provided 6 factors with moderate intercorrelations. Estimates of internal consistency reliability were adequate (range = .86 to .92) for the 6 factors included in the final confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, data provided by 10,118 nonclinical participants were used to explore preliminary reliability and validity estimates for a revised version of the SAQ-A – the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for Adults Revised (SAQ-AR). Approximately 106 researchers from 10 Latin American countries and Spain contributed to this data collection process. Specific comments are made on the structure of the new questionnaire as regards some commonly-used self-report measures of social phobia/anxiety.
Positivism and Nationalism in 19th Century France and Mexico

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores the relationship between positivism and nationalism in 19 th century France and Mexico, arguing that positivism cannot be understood without considering it in close relation to the rise of collectivistic and civic nationalism in each society. To elite intellectuals in both France and Mexico, positivism seemed to resolve the apparent chaos generated by the political‐conceptual revolution that nationalism had given rise to, and to provide the background to an historical narrative that served nationalist aims, by seeming to assure the ultimate triumph of the nation.
Warunki życia a migracje w strefie suburbialnej Wrocławia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Around large cities it is easy to come across villages taking the character of the town sleeping area. One of the factors of this process is a desire to improve their quality of life by living in better conditions – regardless of the interpretation of the term by different social groups. The area of research will be suburban communes, located close to Wroclaw, which are in the process of suburbanisation. A relevant question of the research will be to determine the relationship of migration of the population to the suburban areas with regard to changes in living conditions. Level of living conditions will be determined on the basis of available statistical data using a synthetic indicator Hellwig. The study proved that communes with the highest index in a base year (over 0.4) recorded the highest growth of population – more than 20%.
Variational Fuzzy Energy Active Contour Models for Image Segmentation: A Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image segmentation has emerged as one of the main research interests in computer vision over the past decade, which involve many applications, such as medical imaging and biometric identifications. It can be defined as a process of partitioning part of, the whole of, or objects within an image into meaningful regions for further analysis. Image segmentation is divided into variational and non-variational models. Non-variational models are highly dependent on large amounts of data and labels that are not always available and which has led some researchers to focus more on variational models. The most efficient variational model is the active contour model (ACM). However, the main problem faced by variational ACMs is segmenting intensity inhomogeneity images. Hence, this paper presents some strategies that have been utilised in modelling variational ACMs to overcome the problem. One recent strategy is integrating fuzzy theory to help with segmentation. Thus, this paper also highlights a recent type of variational ACM, selective-based variational ACM, that incorporates fuzzy theory in its formulation and discusses the advantages and the challenges of the segmentation model. Finally, several issues and future research directions in variational fuzzy region-based ACM are discussed.
A Comparative Study of Perceived Social Support among Persons with Schizophrenia and Mania

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: In recent years social support has emerged as an important influencing variable and perhaps determining outcome in various disorders. It is proposed and generally accepted that social support buttresses against the deleterious of stress. In the context of better outcome of schizophrenia and mania in India and other developing countries, consideration of social support as an influential variable assumes importance. So the present study was conducted with the objective of to study and compare of perceived social support of the persons diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Mania and to find out its relationship with the socio-demographic variables. Methodology: The research work was done at the outpatient department of Gwalior Mansik Arogyashala, Gwalior, India. It was a cross-sectional hospital based study using purposing sampling technique. The sample consisting of 150 samples, 75 from each group diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Mania which were consented and met the inclusion criteria. Socio demographic and clinical data sheet and Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) were used to collect the data. The persons with Schizophrenia and Mania have taken in study. Result: It indicates that persons with schizophrenia (PWS) group has less perceived social support in comparison to persons with mania (PWM) group. Conclusion: Perceived social support was correlated to symptoms because when individuals are provided a good support they cope with stressful events more effectively and thus are likely to experience less psychological distress. Keywords: Schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, mania, perceived social support
Memory Cultures in Southeast Europe since 1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II, the International Academic Week in Tutzing in October 2021 attempted to describe the diverging and often conflicting memory cultures in the Southeast European post-conflict societies today: the canonical and cultural memory concerning World War II and the Holocaust on the one hand and inter-generationally formed communicative memories on the other. The post-Yugoslav debates on memory are conditioned by the renewed experience of ethnic violence, displacement and genocide during the wars of the 1990s. The sixteen contributions in the four panels “Holocaust and Antisemitism”, “Memories of Tito’s Yugoslavia”, “Memory Wars in the National Discourse” and “Writing Memory Culture” use multidisciplinary approaches (archival sources, oral history, fieldwork, popular culture) to highlight the socio-political contexts and medialization of memory production.
His20Provides the Sole Functionally Significant Side Chain in the Essential TonB Transmembrane Domain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic membrane protein TonB couples the protonmotive force of the cytoplasmic membrane to active transport across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli . The uncleaved amino-terminal signal anchor transmembrane domain (TMD; residues 12 to 32) of TonB and the integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins ExbB and ExbD are essential to this process, with important interactions occurring among the several TMDs of all three proteins. Here, we show that, of all the residues in the TonB TMD, only His 20 is essential for TonB activity. When alanyl residues replaced all TMD residues except Ser 16 and His 20 , the resultant “all-Ala Ser 16 His 20 ” TMD TonB retained 90% of wild-type iron transport activity. Ser 16 Ala in the context of a wild-type TonB TMD was fully active. In contrast, His 20 Ala in the wild-type TMD was entirely inactive. In more mechanistically informative assays, the all-Ala Ser 16 His 20 TMD TonB unexpectedly failed to support formation of disulfide-linked dimers by TonB derivatives bearing Cys substitutions for the aromatic residues in the carboxy terminus. We hypothesize that, because ExbB/D apparently cannot efficiently down-regulate conformational changes at the TonB carboxy terminus through the all-Ala Ser 16 His 20 TMD, the TonB carboxy terminus might fold so rapidly that disulfide-linked dimers cannot be efficiently trapped. In formaldehyde cross-linking experiments, the all-Ala Ser 16 His 20 TMD also supported large numbers of apparently nonspecific contacts with unknown proteins. The all-Ala Ser 16 His 20 TMD TonB retained its dependence on ExbB/D. Together, these results suggest that a role for ExbB/D might be to control rapid and nonspecific folding that the unregulated TonB carboxy terminus otherwise undergoes. Such a model helps to reconcile the crystal/nuclear magnetic resonance structures of the TonB carboxy terminus with conformational changes and mutant phenotypes observed at the TonB carboxy terminus in vivo.
The Rainbow Isle and the City of Rain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Deleuze and Guattari’s conception of a minor literature—linguistically deterritorialised, thoroughly political, and collectively charged—can allow us to draw parallels between distant, diverse literatures; demographic and historical similarities, such as numerical ultra-smallness, do so as well. This essay compares literatures which are both minor and ultrasmall: ultraminor, as Bergur Moberg has recently coined. It looks at the ways in which attitudes towards diversity have shaped the representation of foreigners and “the foreign” in genre fiction. It argues that the emergence and popularity of the respective genres—romance in Mauritius and thriller in Norway—is tied to societal responses to demographic concerns. Focusing on two representative novels, Natacha Appanah’s Blue Bay Palace and Gunnar Staalesen’s We Shall Inherit the Wind , it further argues that Mauritians view the instability of diversity as an inescapable starting point, while Bergenseres view this instability as a frightening, however welcomed, resolution.
Damping synthesis using complex substructure modes and a Hermitian system representation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modal synthesis techniques have long been used to evaluate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of systems for which modal characteristics of the various components have been determined either experimentally or numerically. However, little attention has been given in the prediction of damping levels of the total structure from damping information obtained experimentally, usually in the form of modal damping ratios and complex or real mode shapes. The purpose of this paper is to present such a method, to demonstrate its use on a simple example, and to discuss two numerical aspects related to its numerical implementation: Hermitian matrices and use of transformations of the displacements only, rather than transformations twice the size incorporating velocities and displacements. Only the method of fixed constraint modes is presented herein, and damping at the joints of the substructures is not considered.
Characterization of PLA2G6 as a Locus for Dystonia-Parkinsonism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Although many recessive loci causing parkinsonism dystonia have been identified, these do not explain all cases of the disorder.Methods: We used homozygosity mapping and mutational analysis in three individuals from two unrelated families who presented with adult-onset levodopa-responsive dystonia-parkinsonism, pyramidal signs and cognitive/psychiatric features, and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging but absent iron in the basal ganglia.Results: We identified areas of homozygosity on chromosome 22 and, subsequently, PLA2G6 Mutations.Interpretation: PLA2G6 mutations are associated with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and have been reported previously to cause early cerebellar signs, and the syndrome was classified as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (type 2). Our cases have neither of these previously pathognomic features. Thus, mutations in PLA2G6 should additionally be considered in patients with adult-onset dystonia-parkinsonism even with absent iron oil brain imaging.
The Viewband concept: Introducing life-cycle modeling in enterprise architectural frameworks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise architecture (EA) frameworks have been successfully used to support enterprise engineering activities by providing graphical and machine-processable constructs to represent enterprise systems. However, existing EA frameworks lack modeling approaches to represent the increasing complexity and coupling of modern enterprises, as these frameworks do not distinguish architectural blocks supporting the different enterprise lifecycle processes, such as operation, maintenance and governance. In this paper, we propose the Viewband concept, which can be used to explicitly introduce lifecycle modeling, thus overcoming the limitations of existing EA frameworks. We also present an overlay methodology to implement the Viewband concept by use of standard modeling structures in existing EA frameworks, thus gaining compliance with currently available technologies and documentation standards. We show the application of the Viewband concept, and the related implementation methodology, through a simplified example enterprise model in UPDM (Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF).
Spectrophotometric Determination of Lanthanum in Plutonium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Lanthanum in PlutoniumK. S. BergstresserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 10, 1630–1632Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60142a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60142a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Outer membrane vesicle production by Escherichia coli is independent of membrane instability.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

It has been long noted that gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles, and recent data demonstrate that vesicles released by pathogenic strains can transmit virulence factors to host cells. However, the mechanism of vesicle release has remained undetermined. This genetic study addresses whether these structures are merely a result of membrane instability or are formed by a more directed process. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and physiological basis of vesiculation, we conducted a screen in Escherichia coli to identify gene disruptions that caused vesicle over- or underproduction. Only a few low-vesiculation mutants and no null mutants were recovered, suggesting that vesiculation may be a fundamental characteristic of gram-negative bacterial growth. Gene disruptions were identified that caused differences in vesicle production ranging from a 5-fold decrease to a 200-fold increase relative to wild-type levels. These disruptions included loci governing outer membrane components and peptidoglycan synthesis as well as the sigma(E) cell envelope stress response. Mutations causing vesicle overproduction did not result in upregulation of the ompC gene encoding a major outer membrane protein. Detergent sensitivity, leakiness, and growth characteristics of the novel vesiculation mutant strains did not correlate with vesiculation levels, demonstrating that vesicle production is not predictive of envelope instability. PMID: 16855227 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R21 AI063239 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM066140
Assessment of farm families acceptability of small ruminants milk for consumption in selected rural communities in Ogun State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 150 rural families were selected to ascertain acceptability of small ruminants’ milk for consumption by rural dwellers in selected rural communities of Ogun State. The result of the study showed that majority of the respondent (38%) consumed milk products such as local cheese commonly referred to as ‘wara’, and this was largely consumed either fresh (38%) or fried (32%). Other milk products consumed by the rural farm families include nono (5%) and yoghurt (7%). Half (50%) of the farm families take the local milk products as the need may arise and 34% consumed the milk product at least once a month. Most (64%) of the respondents slightly favoured consumption of small ruminants’ milk. Stubbornness of goat and stupidity of sheep, small quantity of milk being produced were factors militating against consumption of milk. Age, marital status, family size, level of education and religion and had no relationship with their disposition to sheep and goats’ milk consumption in the study area. It was thus recommended that small ruminants’ milk should be intensively explored and made available in processed forms for acceptance and consumption by the rural farm families. Also, government should support the consumption and sale of small ruminants’ milk so as to alleviate poverty and reduce malnutrition among the rural farm families.

Key words: Sheep and goats’ milk, acceptability, consumption, rural farm families, Ogun State.
Role of Acrostyle Cuticular Proteins in the Retention of an Aphid Salivary Effector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To avoid the activation of plant defenses and ensure sustained feeding, aphids are assumed to use their mouthparts to deliver effectors into plant cells. A recent study has shown that effectors detected near feeding sites are differentially distributed in plant tissues. However, the precise process of effector delivery into specific plant compartments is unknown. The acrostyle, a cuticular organ located at the tip of maxillary stylets that transiently binds plant viruses via its stylin proteins, may participate in this specific delivery process. Here, we demonstrate that Mp10, a saliva effector released into the plant cytoplasm during aphid probing, binds to the acrostyles of Acyrthosiphon pisum and Myzus persicae. The effector probably interacts with Stylin-03 as a lowered Mp10-binding to the acrostyle was observed upon RNAi-mediated reduction in Stylin-03 production. In addition, Stylin-03 and Stylin-01 RNAi aphids exhibited changes in their feeding behavior as evidenced by electrical penetration graph experiments showing longer aphid probing behaviors associated with watery saliva release into the cytoplasm of plant cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the acrostyle also has effector binding capacity and supports its role in the delivery of aphid effectors into plant cells.
Effect of Plant Spacing and Harvesting Age on Plant Characteristics, Yield and Chemical composition of Para grass ( Brachiaria mutica) at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural pasture in Ethiopia is typically low in forage botanical composition, biomass yield nutritive value because of overgrazing and lack of alternative improved forage plants. The field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of plant spacing and harvesting age on agronomic performance and chemical composition of Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. The experiment was a 3×3 factorial layout in a RCBD with three replications giving a total of 27 plots. The between plant spacing were 15, 30 and 45 cm and the harvesting ages were 60, 90 and 120 days. The data collected were morphological characteristics such as plant height(PH), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), leaf length per plant (LLPP), number of roots per plant (NRPP), root length per plant (RLPP), leaf to stem ratio (LSR), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), dry matter yield (DMY) and chemical composition of the forage. Forage samples were taken for chemical composition analyses . All data were subjected to GLM ANOVA procedures of SAS version 9.0. Results showed that the interaction between plant spacing and harvesting age had a significant (p<0.05) effect on plant characteristics, DMY and chemical composition of Para grass except CP yield (p>0.05). Plant characteristics were significantly (p<0.05) increased as the plant spacing and age of harvesting raised and PH, OM and ADF were increased as maturity of the plant at all plant spacing. DMY and DM content were significantly (p<0.05) increased with narrow plant spacing and advanced maturity. Therefore it could be concluded that both harvesting age and between plant spacing are critical in the forage production parameters.
The evolution of a single-paired immigration death process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The general question of whether it is possible to determine the fundamental structure of a hidden stochastic process purely from counts of escaping individuals is of immense importance in fields such as quantum optics, where externally based radiation elucidates the nature of the electromagnetic radiation process. Although the general probability structure has been derived in an earlier paper in terms of the joint probability generating function of the (hidden) population size and (known) counts, its complex nature hides some particularly intriguing features of the underlying process. Our current objective is therefore to examine specific immigration regimes in order to highlight the underlying saw-tooth behaviour of the underlying probability and moment structures. The paper first explores paired- and triple-immigration schemes, and then introduces birth in order to show that the technique is equally successful in exposing hidden multiplicative effects. These analyses uncover novel and highly illuminating features, and emphasize the potential of this population-counting construct for expanding into more complex multi-type situations.