jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure of boron nitride sheets doped with carbon from first-principles calculations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using density functional theory with local and non-local exchange and correlation (XC) functionals, as well as the Green's function quasiparticle (GW) approach, we study the electronic structure of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets, both pristine and doped with carbon. We show that the fundamental band gap in two-dimensional h-BN is different from the gap in the bulk material, and that in the GW calculations the gap depends on the interlayer distance (separation between the images of the BN layers within the periodic supercell approach) due to the non-local nature of the GW approximation, so that the results must be extrapolated to infinitely large separations between the images. We further demonstrate by the example of carbon substitutional impurities that the local and hybrid XC functionals give a qualitatively correct picture of the impurity states in the gap. Finally, we address the effects of many important parameters, such as the choice of chemical potential, and atom displacement cross sections for the substitutional process during electron-beam-mediated doping of h-BN sheets with carbon atoms. Our results shed light on the electronic structure of pristine and doped h-BN and should further help to optimize the postsynthesis doping of boron nitride nanostructures stimulated by electron irradiation.
Amino-terminal fragments of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase direct beta-galactosidase to the mitochondrial matrix in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

delta 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase, the second enzyme in the proline utilization (Put) pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the product of the PUT2 gene, was localized to the matrix compartment by a mitochondrial fractionation procedure. This result was confirmed by demonstrating that the enzyme had limited activity toward an externally added substrate that could not penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane (latency). To learn more about the nature of the import of this enzyme, three gene fusions were constructed that carried 5'-regulatory sequences through codons 14, 124, or 366 of the PUT2 gene ligated to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. When these fusions were introduced into S. cerevisiae either on multicopy plasmids or stably integrated into the genome, proline-inducible beta-galactosidase was made. The shortest gene fusion, PUT2-lacZ14, caused the production of a high level of beta-galactosidase that was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. The PUT2-lacZ124 and PUT2-lacZ366 fusions made lower levels of beta-galactosidases that were mitochondrially localized. Mitochondrial fractionation and protease-protection experiments showed that the PUT2-lacZ124 hybrid protein was located exclusively in the matrix, while the PUT2-lacZ366 hybrid was found in the matrix as well as the inner membrane. Thus, the amino-terminal 124 amino acids of P5C dehydrogenase carries sufficient information to target and deliver beta-galactosidase to the matrix compartment. The expression of the longer hybrids had deleterious effects on cell growth; PUT2-lacZ366-containing strains failed to grow on proline as the sole source of nitrogen. In the presence of the longest hybrid beta-galactosidase, the wild-type P5C dehydrogenase was still properly localized in the matrix compartment, but its activity was reduced. The nature of the effects of these hybrid proteins on cell growth is discussed.
[Construction and structural analysis of integrated cellular network of Corynebacterium glutamicum].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most important traditional industrial microorganisms and receiving more and more attention towards a novel cellular factory due to the recently rapid development in genomics and genetic operation toolboxes for Corynebacterium. However, compared to other model organisms such as Escherichia coli, there were few studies on its metabolic regulation, especially a genome-scale integrated cellular network model currently missing for Corynebacterium, which hindered the systematic study of Corynebacterium glutamicum and large-scale rational design and optimization for strains. Here, by gathering relevant information from a number of public databases, we successfully constructed an integrated cellular network, which was composed of 1384 reactions, 1276 metabolites, 88 transcriptional factors and 999 pairs of transcriptional regulatory relationships. The transcriptional regulatory sub-network could be arranged into five layers and the metabolic sub-network presented a clear bow-tie structure. We proposed a new method to extract complex metabolic and regulatory sub-network for product-orientated study taking lysine biosynthesis as an example. The metabolic and regulatory sub-network extracted by our method was more close to the real functional network than the simplex biochemical pathways. The results would be greatly helpful for understanding the high-yielding biomechanism for amino acids and the re-design of the industrial strains.
International evidence of nexus between positive cash operating activities and cost of debt

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper identifies the affiliation between the ending cash balance of the operating section in the cash flow statement and the bonds ratings. Our sample includes 600 companies from 26 countries. The study was conducted over a period of 18 years. An Ordered Probit regression analysis had been applied to identify how the positive cash balance of the operating section in the cash flow statement shapes the probability of escalating the bonds ratings. We find burly proof that the positive operating cash balance considerably affects the bonds ratings. In other words, when a company is able to generate enough cash from its main operating activities, the likelihood of having higher bonds ratings raises; this entails a low cost of debt since higher bond ratings have been proven to lessen the company’s cost for raising funds (in the form of bonds). The results add more confirmation to the creditors’ rights shields and how it affects the cost of debt.
Three-phase Electric Metering Instrument Based on ADuC812

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADuC812 is a fully programmable,selfcalibrating,high accuracy analog data acquisition system.Designed a threephase electric metering system based on data acquistition system chip ADuC812.Introduce the design of hardware and software about the instrument in detail.According to the actual situation,put forward a new idea to initiate the AD conversion:AD conversion mode can be initiated in hardware and software by turns.The meter based on ADuC812 has the advantage of dealing speed real time,steady capability and low price.
A Study to Compare the Effectiveness of McKenzie Neck Exercise and Contract Relax Stretching in Mechanical Neck Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Mechanical neck pain is commonly defined as pain between the superior nuchal line and an imaginary transverse line through the tip of the first thoracic spinous process, extending laterally to the sagittal planes peripheral to the lateral borders of the neck. Neck pain (NP) can be local and/or referred into the head and/or upper limbs. NP is a prevalent musculoskeletal issue worldwide, similar to low back pain (LBP), characterized by episodic occurrences with high recurrence and chronicity rates. It frequently arises insidiously and is multifactorial in origin, with modifiable factors including smoking, poor posture, anxiety, depression, neck strain, and occupational activities. NP is a significant societal burden, particularly prevalent among office workers and computer users. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of McKenzie neck exercises and contract-relax stretching in alleviating mechanical neck pain. Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 40 participants aged 25 to 50 years from Allied Hospital Faisalabad, selected using purposive sampling. Participants were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group 1 received McKenzie neck exercises, while Group 2 received contract-relax stretching. Both groups underwent treatment three times per week for 6 to 8 weeks. Pain and functional performance were evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27.0, with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test applied for within-group comparisons and the Mann-Whitney U test for between-group comparisons. Results: In Group 1 (contract-relax stretching), NPRS scores improved from a mean of 2.56 (SD=0.51) to 2.11 (SD=0.47) (Z=-2.828, p<0.05), and NDI scores improved from a mean of 3.78 (SD=0.55) to 0.73 (SD=0.73) (Z=-3.419, p<0.05). In Group 2 (McKenzie neck exercises), NPRS scores improved from a mean of 2.61 (SD=0.50) to 1.72 (SD=0.57) (Z=-2.828, p<0.01), and NDI scores improved from a mean of 3.22 (SD=0.73) to 2.06 (SD=0.94) (Z=-3.391, p<0.05). Between-group comparisons indicated that Group 2 had significantly greater improvements in NPRS (mean rank 15.47 vs. 21.53, p<0.05) and NDI scores (mean rank 13.86 vs. 23.14, p<0.05). Conclusion: Both McKenzie neck exercises and contract-relax stretching effectively reduced pain and improved function in patients with mechanical neck pain. However, McKenzie neck exercises demonstrated significantly greater improvements in pain relief and functional outcomes. Therefore, McKenzie neck exercises may be preferred for managing mechanical neck pain. Keywords: Mechanical Neck Pain, McKenzie Neck Exercise, Contract-Relax Stretching, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index
WHAT MOTIVATES STUDENTS TO STUDY IN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL? A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE ON STUDY MOTIVATION IN FOUR DIFFERENT STUDY PROGRAMS IN SWEDEN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Every fourth student in Sweden cancels their upper secondary school education, although the intention behind the new school reform 2011 (GY-11) was to increase the throughput. One important reason for this is a lack of study motivation, which, in turn, has different causes. The authors of this study have chosen to focus on students' perceptions of what is happening in the classroom (i.e., learning and teaching in four different study programs). The purpose of the article is to describe and analyze students' perceptions of what motivates or demotivates them. The research questions are: a) what is important to study motivation?, and b) are there any differences regarding study motivation between programs? The study is based on a web survey of 126 students and four group interviews of 12 students. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis. This is across-sectional study that also was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests with correction. The results show the importance of learning and teaching strategies, teachers, and learning environments. Some similarities were found between the four upper secondary programs, such as a preference for more practically-oriented pedagogy, short-term goals and quick feedback, varied teaching methods, and good textbooks. However, there are also statistically significant differences between the programs regarding the need for structure, learning methods, and preferred perceptual preferences. The results have implications for teacher education, practicing teachers, and the students themselves. Conducting studies at the group- and program-level to better understand students is a way to develop the didactics for specific study programs and find ways to strengthen students' study motivation.
“It’s not like I’m more Indigenous there and I’m less Indigenous here.”: urban Métis women’s identity and access to health and social services in Toronto, Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Colonial policies and identity debates have resulted in major gaps in access to culturally safe health and social services for Métis Peoples living in Canada. To address the Métis health service gap, this qualitative study explores urban Métis women’s identity and their experiences with health and social services in Toronto, Canada. Métis women ( n = 11) understand Métis identity as having connection to community, intergenerational identity survival strategies, a learning journey, and connection to land. Building Métis community determined understandings of Métis identity into urban health and social services may be one step toward addressing existing culturally safe health service gaps.
SHORT NOTICES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access Le Désir de Dieu dans la philosophie de Plotin. By RÉNE ARNOU. 2nd edition. Pp. 343. Rome: Presses de l'Université Grégorienne, 1967. L. 3,500. H. CHADWICK H. CHADWICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XIX, Issue 2, October 1968, Pages 718-a–718, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XIX.2.718-a Published: 01 October 1968
Demographic Profile of Homicide Cases Occurred at Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Homicide is the significant issues of major public health crisis in relation to health and safety of all individuals. The number of homicide is increasing in Bangladesh at alarming rate day by day. Objectives:Considering this context, we aimed to study and explore the demography of homicidal deaths occurred at Rajshahi districtin 2020. Materials and methods: The statistics presented here isbased on the post-mortem of the dead bodies that were submitted from different police station in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (DFMT) at Rajshahi Medical College. This present data based on the observed mark which might be analogous with corresponding manner of homicide. Results: A total 37 homicides were occurred in January 2020 to December 2020. Among them, 59% were male and 41% were female. Almost 50% victims were between 16 and 30 years old. Maximum of the male victims were farmer in profession, whereas all of the females were house wife. Surprisingly, 24% cases were from area of Charghat police station. Conclusion: The overall situation suggests taking proper action that may decrease the homicidal deaths. KYAMC Journal. 2021;12(3): 138-141
Age-related changes to vascular protease-activated receptor 2 in metabolic syndrome: a relationship between oxidative stress, receptor expression, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is expressed in vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) – cyclic GMP-mediated vasodilation in response to 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide (2fLIGRLO), a PAR2-activating peptide, is impaired in aortas from aged SHRSP.Z-Lepr fa /IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated mechanisms linking PAR2’s vascular effects to phenotypic characteristics of male SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. We found vasodilation responses to either 2fLIGRLO or enzyme-mediated PAR2 activation by trypsin were sustained until 20 weeks and lessened at 30 weeks. PAR2 protein and mRNA levels were lower in aortas at 30 weeks than at 10 and 20 weeks. PAR2-mediated responses positively correlated with PAR2 protein and mRNA levels. Decreased cGMP accumulation in the presence of 2fLIGRLO paralleled the decreased relaxations elicited by nitroprusside and the cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP, and the less soluble guanylyl cyclase protein at 30 weeks. 2fLIGRLO-induced relaxation was negatively correlated with serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of oxidative stress, which increased with age. Forward stepwise data regression supported a model of age-related decreases in PAR2 function resulting from decreased PAR2 mRNA and increased oxidative stress. We conclude that decreased responsiveness of aortic smooth muscle to NO and downregulation of receptor expression impair PAR2 functions at later stages of metabolic syndrome in SHRSP.ZF rats.
S. L. Ager, Interstate Arbitrations in the Greek World, 337–90 B.C. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press, 1996. Pp. xvii + 579. ISBN 0-520-08162-5. £55.00/US$70.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Human Temporal Cortical Single Neuron Activity during Language: A Review

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Findings from recordings of human temporal cortical single neuron activity during several measures of language, including object naming and word reading are reviewed and related to changes in activity in the same neurons during recent verbal memory and verbal associative learning measures, in studies conducted during awake neurosurgery for the treatment of epilepsy. The proportion of neurons changing activity with language tasks was similar in either hemisphere. Dominant hemisphere activity was characterized by relative inhibition, some of which occurred during overt speech, possibly to block perception of one’s own voice. However, the majority seems to represent a dynamic network becoming active with verbal memory encoding and especially verbal learning, but inhibited during performance of overlearned language tasks. Individual neurons are involved in different networks for different aspects of language, including naming or reading and naming in different languages. The majority of the changes in activity were tonic sustained shifts in firing. Patterned phasic activity for specific language items was very infrequently recorded. Human single neuron recordings provide a unique perspective on the biologic substrate for language, for these findings are in contrast to many of the findings from other techniques for investigating this.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ROLES IN DELIVERING TRAVELER INFORMATION : TWO CASE STUDIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

TravInfo is a Public/private partnership aimed at enabling widespread dissemination of real-time information on transportation conditions and travel options throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. SmartTraveler is a multimodal information system already deployed within the Los Angeles region. After describing the components of a traveler information system and prior research on Public/private partnerships in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the paper discusses interim evaluation results from the TravInfo and SmartTraveler Field Operation Tests and summarizes the lessons learned.
MYOCLONUS EPILEPSY AS A SYMPTOM OF DIFFUSE NEURONAL DISEASE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

UNVERRICHT1and Lundborg2described a progressive familial syndrome of myoclonus epilepsy, the fully developed form of which was additionally characterized by progressive dementia, pseudobulbar paralysis, rigidity and, in the late stages, quadriplegia in flexion. Diverse types of pathological nerve cell change have been reported to occur in patients with this syndrome,3of which an excellent discussion was given by Hodskins and Yakovlev.3eThe striking feature of these reports is the description of diffuse neuronal disease, either diffuse "primary atrophy" or diffuse cellular changes characterized by cellular inclusions. Though descriptions of myoclonus epilepsy almost always refer to the curious dark-staining "amyloid" inclusions described by Lafora and Glueck,3bthis type of inclusions appears to be extremely rare. A more frequent finding has been the lipoidal inclusions characteristic of amaurotic familial idiocy. Juvenile amaurotic familial idiocy has been recognized as a distinct clinical type of lipidosis of the
Adrisya Sahayak: A Bangla Virtual Assistant for Visually Impaired

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visually impaired persons have to encounter numerous complications in their mundane activities for imperfect vision. Though there are different technologies, Systems interaction procedure or expenditure is the key factor here. To provide a solution to this problem, we have introduced a methodology of a Bangla virtual assistant `Adrisya Sahayak (Invisible Helper)'. As a desktop application, it is especially for Bangla speaking visually impaired persons to reduce the difficulties in utilizing a computer, peripheral devices of the computer and home appliances. Bangla is one of the most spoken languages globally and the native language of Bangladesh and a few states of India. A big portion of them is illiterate and not capable of communicating in English. That's why existing virtual assistants in the English language will be tough to use by them. The current user-independent system presented here will provide the opportunity to perform several tasks of a computer in the indoor environment via Bangla human voice commands.
Modern Criminal Investigations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Object of the Investigating agencies is to detect and minimize Crime. But for detection of crime or to investigate the same whether they can use Force? Is it human to take Consent of the accused by forcing them to sign? Is it not Violation of Constitutional Provisions or against ‘Right of not to give Evidence against self’? The foremost obligation of any Criminal Justice system is to secure justice by seeking substantial Truth through proof and care must be taken to preserve the Dignity of the individual and ends should justify the means. Freedom of an individual cannot be subjected to improper means, however justified the ends are. Thus, there is a dire need to replace the third degree methods by better, refined and sophisticated techniques. This is to clarify and evaluate truth about modern methods of investigations by investigating agencies worldwide and especially in India. But nobody should be compelled without consent to submit to DNA Test to avoid violation of their fundamental right guaranteed by Article 20 clause (3)of the Constitution of India. It is for the first time that not just the benefits that it brings to humanity but also the reverse effects and the means in