jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Out of the Melting Pot, into the Nationalist Fires: Native American Literary Studies in Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay addresses four methodological approaches to Native Literary Studies that dominate in the European academic context: national (though not tribal nationalist), multi-ethnic, universal, and postcolonial. European scholars of Native American Literary Studies often find themselves grappling with methodological issues that lie between the twin nationalist claims of a generalizing and potentially assimilative “American Studies” approach and a Native American literary nationalist approach, like that outlined by Robert Warrior, Jace Weaver, and Craig Womack in their ground-breaking book American Indian Literary Nationalism (2006). It is to these claims that my title gestures, while referencing Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's important observation that frequently representations of Native Americans in the literary canon, in the teaching of Native American Literature, and in scholarly publications, are used as “the basis for the cynical absorption into the 'melting pot', pragmatic inclusion in the canon, and involuntary unification of an American literary voice” (Why I Can’t Read Wallace Stegner and Other Essays, 96). The category of “Native” is effectively “melted” into another category of cultural experience – with the attendant loss of indigenous identities, historical experiences, and claims to justice -- whether this is the universalizing canon of “Literature” per se, or more specifically a national American (settler) Literature; a national canon of minority “multi-ethnic” Literature that fails to distinguish adequately between indigenous and migrant literary production; or a transnational “postcolonial” canon. As Wolfgang Hochbruck predicted in his “Survey of Recent German Research in American Indian Literature,” back in 1991, “creating new reservations for minority literatures would eventually create new problems” (51). It would seem that this problematic time has come. Consequently, Cook-Lynn's insight guides my critique here of some of the directions in which Native American Literary Studies is currently moving in Europe.
EFFECTS OF STRONGLY PERTURBING SUBSTITUENTS ON THE ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF BENZENE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

$\dag$ National Science Foundation Pre-Doctoral Fellow. $^{1}$ L. Doub and J. M. Vandenbelt, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2714 (1947); 7$^{1}$, 2414 (1949); 77, 4535 (1955). $^{2}$ Th. F\""{o}rster, Z. Naturforsch, 2a, 149 (1947). $^{3}$ J. Petruska, J. Chem. Phys., 34, 1111 (1961); 1120 (1961).
Air Mobility Data & Reasoning Fabric

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Throughout the world, especially in dense urban environments, the quality of life is being negatively impacted by ever growing commute time. Travel, beyond commuting, is increasingly driven by door-to-door challenges ? not just gate-to-gate considerations. Air Mobility may be an approach to address these challenges, as it can effectively convert our 2D mobility system to a 3D mobility system, vastly increasing mobility options.
Tailings Pond Outfiltration Monitoring with Electrical Conductivity Surveying

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A new, shallow penetration electromagnetic (EM) surveying method for the detection and monitoring of contaminated mining water, called NOVEL-EM, was developed between 2013 and 2015. It has been used at several mine sites in Finland and abroad. The method is comprised of instrumentation, systematised on-site measurements, processing, and modelling procedures which aim to achieve high accuracy and repeatable data and the results of water chemistry changes in the surface or groundwater layer within a depth range of 0–10 m. This article depicts the baseline setting one mine site, one monitoring line time-lapse result, and an example of how the water electrolyte content has evolved along the exemplified monitoring line. The second part of the article discusses modelling potential, although monitoring itself does not require numerical modelling. Layer-based modelling provides several supplementary uses. Constrained modelling can more accurately focus resistivity changes on layers of primary interest. Water chemistry calculations are possible with ground models. Finally, modelling can help to develop data processing as scoping calculations show the influence and significance of various physical conditions that are encountered, such as the variability of ground temperature. It has been verified that detected anomalies are related to changes in water chemistry, and the monitoring line network has been expanded over the course of the years.
Efficient, Compact, and Dominant Color Correlogram Descriptors for Content-based Image Retrieval

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Color is one of the most important and widely used cues in content analysis and retrieval.However, most promising color descriptors consume massive amounts of computation and storage, which is a serious drawback.One of these promising color techniques in image retrieval is the color \ncorrelogram, but the technique also suffers from the \naforementioned drawbacks.In this paper, we present two \ncompact representations of the color correlogram.The first \nrepresentation is the compact-generalized correlogram, which \ncompresses colors and generalizes the distances of the original correlogram descriptor. The second representation is the dominant color-based correlogram, which is also a compact and conceptual correlogram descriptor.This representation computes the spatial correlations of the dominant colors of a few images instead of a large number of quantized colors used by the original descriptor.The two representations are integrated.The experimental results prove the high effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed descriptors through two large image databases (i.e., Corel-10K and Cartoon-11K) using ARR, ANMRR, P(10), and MAP metrics.
Neuropeptide Y2 receptors as drug targets for the central regulation of body weight.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

During the past decade, a detailed understanding has emerged of the aminergic and peptidergic neural pathways present within the brain that regulate appetite. Central among the peptide regulators is neuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent orexigenic agent that acts through five different receptor subtypes. Efforts to find novel appetite suppressant drugs that inhibit the interaction of NPY with either the NPY Y1 or NPY Y5 receptor subtypes have proven disappointing. Attempts have now been made to identify an NPY Y2 stimulator that will suppress appetite. Within the hypothalamus, NPY Y2 receptors have a predominantly presynaptic location where they act to inhibit NPY release. Stimulation of NPY Y2 receptors with synthetic peptide ligands or the gut derived peptide PY3-36 has been shown to reduce food intake. The NPY Y2 receptor has a wide distribution both within the brain and in the periphery. Stimulation of the NPY Y2 subtype at these sites produces a wide array of effects unrelated to changes in food intake. In consequence, the administration of both endogenous and exogenous agonists of the NPY Y2 receptor is likely to cause side effects, particularly regarding pituitary hormone release, as well as on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. The possibility that long-term NPY Y2 agonism could cause bone thinning and retinal angiogenesis are of particular concern and will need to be investigated as drug discovery moves forward.
US foreign aid

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of similarities and distinctions between development and educational assistance in the USA as compared with other countries, this paper provides a general review of relevant materials on US foreign aid. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews published books and articles as well as US government budget and Congressional reporting materials and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development statistics. Findings – Beginning with the Marshall Plan following Second World War, the USA has always been a leader in foreign aid. In many ways, US development agencies resemble counterparts in other countries – foreign aid is part of larger network of bilateral relationships, funding requests must compete with requests from other sectors, etc. In other ways, the US stands apart. Because of US Congressional reporting requirements and for philosophical reasons, the US has been reluctant to join other countries in provision of budgetary support. The US coordinates its work with host country governments, but generally organizes its activities in project mode, relying largely on US contractors. The US Agency for International Development and the Department of State are the largest US government development agencies. Still, unlike other donors, development funding and technical assistance is provided by up to 25 agencies with relatively little coordination. US foreign aid has always included a security as well as humanitarian and development dimensions. In recent years, as development assistance is increasingly coordinated with diplomacy and defense, the military dimension has been heightened. Perhaps the most original finding is the notion that public and government support of US foreign aid has required both security and development/humanitarian rationales to remain viable. Originality/value – The paper brings together information from a range of existing sources, but provides a unique perspective on US foreign aid in education.
Effectiveness of Psychodrama on Exam Anxiety in Students with Different Coping Styles

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of psychodrama in reducing test anxiety among high school students with different coping styles, including problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance coping. Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 32 female high school students in Ahvaz, selected through multistage cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The experimental group participated in 12 psychodrama sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The Sarason Test Anxiety Scale (1985) was used to measure test anxiety levels, and the Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire (1985) assessed coping styles. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA), controlling for pre-test scores. Findings: The results indicated a significant effect of psychodrama on test anxiety across different coping styles. Students with an emotion-focused coping style in the experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in test anxiety (adjusted post-test mean = 93.45) compared to the control group (adjusted post-test mean = 111.59) (p < 0.001). However, students with problem-focused and avoidance coping styles in the experimental group experienced an increase in test anxiety, with adjusted post-test means of 101.50 and 49.14, respectively, compared to 87.08 and 38.52 in the control group (p < 0.001). These results suggest that psychodrama is particularly effective for students with emotion-focused coping styles but may initially increase anxiety in those with problem-focused and avoidance coping styles. Conclusion: Psychodrama is an effective intervention for reducing test anxiety, particularly among students with emotion-focused coping styles. However, its impact on students with problem-focused and avoidance coping styles suggests that therapeutic approaches should be tailored based on coping mechanisms.
Diagonalisation conjointe non négative par congruence pour l'analyse en composantes indépendantes semi-non négative

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

La Diagonalisation Conjointe par Congruence (DCC) d'un ensemble de matrices apparaît dans nombres de problèmes de traitement du signal, tels qu'en Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes (ACI). Les développements récents en ACI sous contrainte de non négativité de la matrice de mélange, nommée ACI semi-non négative, permettent de tirer profit d'une modélisation physique réaliste des phénomènes observés tels qu'en audio, en traitement d'image ou en ingénierie biomédicale. Par conséquent, durant cette thèse, l'objectif principal était non seulement de concevoir et développer des algorithmes d'ACI semi-non négative basés sur de nouvelles méthodes de DCC non négative où la matrice de passage recherchée est non négative, mais également d'illustrer leur intérêt dans le cadre d'applications pratiques de séparation de sources. Les algorithmes de DCC non négative proposés exploitent respectivement deux stratégies fondamentales d'optimisation. La première famille d'algorithmes comprend cinq méthodes semi-algébriques, reposant sur la méthode de Jacobi. Cette famille prend en compte la non négativité par un changement de variable carré, permettant ainsi de se ramener à un problème d'optimisation sans contrainte. L'idée générale de la méthode de Jacobi est de i) factoriser la matrice recherchée comme un produit de matrices élémentaires, chacune n'étant définie que par un seul paramètre, puis ii) d'estimer ces matrices élémentaires l'une après l'autre dans un ordre spécifique. La deuxième famille compte un seul algorithme, qui utilise la méthode des directions alternées. Un tel algorithme est obtenu en minimisant successivement le Lagrangien augmenté par rapport aux variables et aux multiplicateurs. Les résultats expérimentaux sur les matrices simulées montrent un gain en performance des algorithmes proposés par comparaison aux méthodes DCC classiques, qui n'exploitent pas la contrainte de non négativité. Il semble que nos méthodes peuvent fournir une meilleure précision d'estimation en particulier dans des contextes difficiles, par exemple, pour de faibles valeurs de rapport signal sur bruit, pour un petit nombre de matrices à diagonaliser et pour des niveaux élevés de cohérence de la matrice de passage. Nous avons ensuite montré l'intérêt de nos approches pour la résolution de problèmes pratiques de séparation aveugle de sources. Pour n'en citer que quelques-uns, nous sommes intéressés à i) l'analyse de composés chimiques en spectroscopie par résonance magnétique, ii) l'identification des profils spectraux des harmoniques (par exemple, de notes de piano) d'un morceau de musique mono-canal par décomposition du spectrogramme, iii) l'élimination partielle du texte se trouvant au verso d'une feuille de papier fin. Ces applications démontrent la validité et l'intérêt de nos algorithmes en comparaison des méthodes classique de séparation aveugle de source.
Dielectric properties of CaCu/sub 3/Ti/sub 4/O/sub 12/ thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High dielectric CaCu/sub 3/Ti/sub 4/O/sub 12/ (CCTO) thin films were successfully grown on LaAlO/sub 3/(100) (LAO) crystalline substrates and on SrRuO/sub 3/(SRO) conductive films on LAO substrates by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Microstructure and dielectric properties of (001) oriented (CCTO) epitaxial thin films were evaluated, and compared to those of CCTO polycrystalline bulk samples by x-ray diffraction, DC conductivity and dielectric measurements. The gigantic dielectric constant of greater than 20,000 in polycrystalline CCTO can be accounted for by the internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) model. However, this model fails to explain the large dielectric constant behavior for epitaxial CCTO/SRO/LAO thin films which also show high DC conductivity. XPS analysis indicated that oxygen vacancies could be a possible factor responsible for the low resistivity of thin film.
Commentary (both by Dante and on Dante)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The first part of this chapter aims to reconstruct the essential moments of Dante’s self-exegesis through an examination of the conditions that inspired it: a redefinition of the function of lyric, in the Vita nova; the explanation of the transmission of philosophical truths in poetic forms, in the Convivio; the original explanatory dialectic between the two planes of meaning, literal and allegorical, implemented in the Commedia. The second section of the chapter is devoted to the first commentaries on Dante’s Commedia, from the general introduction to Dante’s poem in the Epistle to Cangrande to the Esposizioni sopra la ‘Comedia’ by Giovanni Boccaccio.
Fabrication process for tall, sharp, hollow, high aspect ratio polymer microneedles on a platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports on a new lithographic process for fabricating arrays of tall, high aspect ratio (defined as height/wall thickness), hollow, polymer microneedles on a platform. The microneedles feature a high sharpness (down to 3 µm tip radius) and aspect ratio (>65) which is a factor 2 and 4 better than the state of the art, respectively. The maximum achievable needle shaft length is over 1 mm. The improved performance was obtained by using an anisotropically patterned silicon substrate covered with an antireflective layer as mold for the needle tip and an optimized SU-8 lithographic process. Furthermore, a platform containing liquid feedthroughs holding an arbitrary number of needles out of plane can be manufactured with only one additional process step. The high aspect ratio microneedles undergo failure at the critical load of around 230 mN in case of 1 mm long hollow needles with triangular cross-section and a base of 175 µm. Penetration into human skin is demonstrated as well.
The Relative Contribution of Contingency, Choice, and Predictability to the Recognition of Perceived Control

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study investigated the contribution of contingency, choice, and predictability (either alone or in concert) to the recognition of one's personal control. In eight different situations, participants rated the amount of control available to them rather than to a fictional competitor. Results showed that participants rated their control from highest to lowest as (a) contingency + choice + predictability, (b) contingency + no-choice + predictability, (c) contingency + choice + no-predictability, (d) contingency + no-choice + nopredictability, and (e) all four no-contingency combinations. The only other finding revealed that the no-contingency + no-choice + no-predictability condition received lower control ratings than all other conditions. Therefore, as hypothesized, contingency contributed more to the recognition of control than either choice or predictability. Results were discussed in terms of replicability, primary versus secondary control, and sense of agency.
Comparison on the of clinical features between patients with hepatitis E and those with hepatitis E virus superinfected with chronic hepatitis B

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to compare the clinical features between patients with hepatitis E and those with hepatitis E virus(HEV) superinfected with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),66 patients with hepatitis E and 37 patients with hepatitis E virus superinfected with CHB were enrolled in this study,the clinical features including clinical symptoms and signs,liver fuction,prothromin activity(PTA),fibrosis signs in serum of two groups were analyzed.It was shouved that there was no significant difference in the level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aminosuccinic acid aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),but the level of albumin(A),albumin /globulin(A/G),PTA was significantly lower in the group with HEV superinfected with CHB than that in the group infected with hepatitis E.In addition,the level of fibrosis signs was significantly different between two groups,the level of fibrosis signs in the group with HEV superinfection on chronic hepatitis B was significantly higher than that in the group infected with hepatitis E.The 37 patients with HEV superinfection on CHB presented more clinical characters of chronic hepatic disease than 66 patients with hepatitis E.These findings explore that the hepatitis B virus(HBV)/ HEV superinfected patients were more severe and showed more chronic characters of chronic hepatic disease than the HEV infected patients,but,more importance should be attached to clinical character of chronic hepatic disease in hepatitis E.
[Metabolic disorders in epilepsy of early childhood].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metabolic disorders are discussed which are associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of the origin of convulsions. Homeostasis impairment, e. g. hyponatremia, hypo- and hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia is mentioned, as well as vitamin deficiencies, such as pyridoxin deficiency, and the problem of phenylketonuria is discussed in connection with aminoacid disorders. Possible connections between aminoacid disorders and BNS, occurring in 8.1% of 1,688 children treated for epilepsy at the neurological department of the Brno Faculty Children's Hospital, are further discussed. Results of screening for amino-aciduria (according to Berry's method) were negative in 3000 healthy infants, whereas careful investigation resulted in pathologic aminoaciduria in 17 out of 20 children with BNS. Also results of hormonal treatment in children with this sort of convulsions are reported. It is concluded that early therapy, even though incapable of influencing neurological abnormities, suppresses convulsions and may lead to the disappearance of hypsarythmia from the EEG curve. A benign influence upon mental development was observed in a small group of children in whom therapy had been initiated very early. It is emphasized that this, by no means indifferent, type of therapy should only be performed in a well equipped and managed pediatric department.
The optimal therapy of calcineurin inhibitors for pregnancy in kidney transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We investigated the effects of pregnancy and delivery on renal function in transplant recipients and the relationship between doses of immunosuppressants and blood drug levels during pregnancy in 75 women with 88 deliveries. Significant serum creatinine elevation (> 0.5 mg/dL) was found in eight deliveries. In the remaining 80 cases, serum creatinine was reduced by an average of 0.14 mg/dL and returned to pre‐pregnant levels after delivery. Tacrolimus was used in 28 deliveries and cyclosporine in others. Tacrolimus blood trough level declined from 5.8 ± 2.8 ng/mL 12 months before delivery to 4.2 ± 1.8 ng/mL at second trimester; therefore, drug dose was increased from 4.1 ± 1.9 mg/d at first trimester to 5.5 ± 2.5 mg/d at delivery. Similarly, cyclosporine levels were 125.1 ± 65.1 ng/mL 12 months before delivery and 75.4 ± 35.0 ng/mL at second trimester resulting in dose elevation from 183.0 ± 71.8 mg/d at first trimester to 225.4 ± 85.1 mg/d at delivery. Renal function in female kidney transplant recipients improved slightly during pregnancy and returned to pre‐pregnant level after delivery. The dose elevation of calcineurin inhibitor by approximately 20–25% should be considered during gestational period to maintain optimal blood drug level.
Volterra Kernels Identification Using Continuous Time Impulses Applied to Nonlinear Aeroelastic Problems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a continuous time Volterra kernel identification method is presented, based on non-unitary impulses. Such an approach is particularly convenient in a numerical framework. The identified kernels are functions of the amplitudes of the impulses used to probe the system. Numerical simulations involving a nonlinear aeroelastic system experiencing dynamic stall accompany the theoretical results.