jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonempty interior of configuration sets via microlocal partition optimization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove new results of Mattila-Sjölin type, giving lower bounds on Hausdorff dimensions of thin sets $E\subset \Bbb R^d$ ensuring that various $k$-point configuration sets, generated by elements of $E$, have nonempty interior. The dimensional thresholds in our previous work \cite{GIT20} were dictated by associating to a configuration function a family of generalized Radon transforms, and then optimizing $L^2$-Sobolev estimates for them over all nontrivial bipartite partitions of the $k$ points. In the current work, we extend this by allowing the optimization to be done locally over the configuration's incidence relation, or even microlocally over the conormal bundle of the incidence relation. We use this approach to prove Mattila-Sjölin type results for (i) areas of subtriangles determined by quadrilaterals and pentagons in a set $E\subset\Bbb R^2$; (ii) pairs of ratios of distances of 4-tuples in $\Bbb R^d$; and (iii) similarity classes of triangles in $\Bbb R^d$, as well as to (iv) give a short proof of Palsson and Romero Acosta's result on congruence classes of triangles in $\Bbb R^d$.
Context effects on the phonological activation of lexical alternatives

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Here we provide data and analyses scripts (for R) used for analyses reported in: Jescheniak, J.D., Kurtz, F., Schriefers, H., Günther, J., Klaus, J., and Mädebach, A. (2016). Words we do not say – Context effects on the phonological activation of lexical alternatives in speech production. The manuscript is currently in print.
Technological Change and Innovations in Microfinance Institutions: What Matters?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Usage of technology that serves to improve organizational efficiency among financial service providers has substantially increased during the past decade. Similarly, a large number of microfinance institutions (MFIs) have incorporated technological innovation in their operations to provide clients with better financial services. To understand the determinants of technological change in MFIs, this study investigated various factors, including sources of funds, institutional characteristics (IC) and macroeconomic factors. Using longitudinal data (2009–2014) from the microfinance industry in Bangladesh, this study estimated the Malmquist Productivity Index (non-parametric) to decompose the technological change at the first stage. This index was then used as a dependent variable in the second stage to regress against certain independent variables. Overall, it was found that the microfinance industry in Bangladesh observed regression in technological change; however, technological change could be improved by promoting peer borrowing among MFIs. Apart from that, greater autonomy through decentralization of MFI branches could also stimulate technological progress. Interestingly, MFIs located in Dhaka have experienced better technological progress than MFIs located in other parts of the country, which signifies the importance of location. Additionally, the findings also revealed a gap in transfer of technological knowledge from commercial banks to the MFIs that they fund.
Improved Error Diffusion Algorithm for Gray Scale in a Color FED

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a field emission panel, the driving voltage is still a little high. Therefore, only a few driving chips with high voltage can be used. However, the clock frequency of these high voltage chips is normally not high enough. Thus, the image quality has to be decreased with the normal driving method. For example, we use only 5 bit data to display the video image in a FED panel. As we known, the 8 bit data can give 256 grey scales. If only 5 bit data are used, a few information of the video image will be lost. In this paper, the error diffusion method is used to improve the image quality in a FED. The tradition algorithm of error diffusion is Floyd-Stenberg algorithm. But there is still serious flicker in the picture just using the Floyd-Stenberg algorithm to deal with the rounding error. Combining with the concrete applying on the FED panel drive circuit, some improvement on the error diffusion have been obtained in this paper. The rounding error not only diffuses to the frame just scanning, but also to the next frame. The 3/4 of the rounding error diffuses to the frame just scanning, 1/4 to the next frame, as shows in picture 1. Picture 2 shows how to realize the improved error diffusion. We can realize it with four main modules: 1) row FIFO, 2) frame FIFO, 3) FIFO control Module, 4) error diffusion adder. The first row, the first column and the last column are specially dealt with "bypass" without considering the error diffusion, because they do not have the full round pixels. It could be clearly seen from the timing wave in picture 3. In this paper, we use ALTERA ACEX1K100 FPGA as the error diffusion circuit. It can be simply realized RGB (each 5 bit) by using three same circuits to deal with RGB signal respectively. Using the improved error diffusion drive circuit, only 5 bit data can achieve nearly 256 gray scales high quality picture
Cell density-dependent regulation of p73 in breast cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecular regulation of p73, a p53 family member, remains unclear. Here we report that p73 expression is significantly regulated by cell densities. In particular, we found that p73alpha and p73beta are differentially regulated. While p73beta protein levels were inversely correlated with cell densities, p73alpha protein levels behaved oppositely. We further showed that density-dependent changes of p73alpha follow the same patterns as E2F-1 and TAp73 mRNA levels, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Our data also suggest that high levels of p73beta at lower densities may be due to increased protein stability. However, AIP-4/Itch appeared not to be involved in downregulation of p73beta at high densities. Moreover, we also found that subcellular location of p73 isoforms changes with the culture density increases. While high level of p73beta at low density was mainly presented in the nucleus, low levels of this protein at high densities were mainly in the cytosol. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel mechanism that differentially regulates p73 isoforms and underscores the role of cell-cell interaction in p73 regulation, which may advance our understanding of p73 expression and function in human cancers.
Heteronormativity in Online Information about Sex: A South Australian Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whilst sex education in Australia has moved beyond a focus solely on abstinence, it is still in many instances shaped by what Silin refers to as the ‘silences' that accompany topics considered unspeakable to young people. The present article focuses specifically on one such silence, namely the representation of non-heterosexual sexualities and non-gender-normative people in the context of sex education. By focusing on three South Australian websites that act as first ports of call in terms of information about sex and sex education to young people and their parents, the analysis provided suggests that two of the three websites evoke a range of heteronormative and gender-normative assumptions, with one of these sites more explicitly emphasising reproductive heterosex, and the other adopting a liberal approach that nonetheless fails to adequately challenge stereotypes about non-heterosexuality and non-gender normativity. The third site, by contrast, provides relatively progressive inclusion of a range of genders and sexualities, and addresses homophobia and its effects. The article concludes by suggesting that websites providing information about sex to young people and their parents must make a substantive shift away from perpetuating the silencing of marginal sexualities and genders, and towards contributing to open public discussion about young people and sex.
Degradation of pectin by γ‐radiation under various moisture conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract By using D 50 and D 37 doses for 50 and 63% decreases in the solution viscosity of pectin, an evaluation was made of the effectiveness of radiation at different moisture levels. The relation between radiation effectiveness, as measured by the D 50 value, and the pectin: water ratio was expressed in a simplified empirical equation. The indirect effect of radiation in dilute aqueous solutions decreased progressively with increasing pectin concentration. On the other hand, a protective effect was produced by small additions of water to dry pectin and a minimum in degradation (i.e., maximum D 50 and D 37 values) was attained at about the 20% moisture level. The relation between the intrinsic viscosity of dilute aqueous solutions of pectin irradiated air‐dry and the number‐average molecular weight and D 37 values was determined. By using the former relation, the number of chain scissions per unit of absorbed energy was measured at different moisture levels. The importance of moisture control in comparative radiation studies was emphasized. An approximately 26‐fold increase in the radiation sensitivity of pectin was produced by an increase in the moisture content from the 20 to the 99% level. Varying the moisture content therefore provides a good means of altering the sensitivity of pectin and similar materials to radiation damage.
Update on the theoretical and practical aspects of the evaluation of nursing care in patients with eclampsia and preeclampsia

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures in women with preeclampsia. The quality of nursing care is crucial for the effective management of eclamptic patients, as it influences maternal and neonatal outcomes.Objective: To update the theoretical framework and research background on the quality of nursing care in pregnant women with eclampsia and preeclampsia.Method: A narrative review of the updated literature was conducted using recognized databases.Development: The main nursing care is the constant evaluation and verification of signs of worsening of the disease. The fetus and the pregnant woman/newborn must be kept safe before, during, and after delivery. Nurses must assess respiratory rate and vital signs, respiratory sounds, oxygen saturation levels, deep tendon reflexes, intake and output, level of consciousness, and fetal status at frequent intervals.Conclusions: Staff training and compliance with protocols are essential to ensure safe and effective care. It is necessary to continue strengthening staff training and improving communication with patients to optimize results in the management of this critical condition
Effect of black copper oxide on interface adhesion between copper substrate and glob-top resin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A study is made of the effects of black copper oxide coating and other plating variables on adhesion strength of glob-top resin to copper substrates for Tape Ball Grid Array (TBGA) package applications. The button shear test was performed to measure the interfacial bonding strength. Several surface analytical techniques were employed to establish the correlations between the interface bond strength and various surface parameters, such as surface free energy, chemical element, surface roughness and fracture morphology. The experimental results showed that the presence of black oxide coating (Sample C) resulted in significantly higher interface bond strength than the bare copper (Sample A) or nickel coated (Sample B) surfaces. Further processes (Samples D and E) after the black oxide coating exhibited detrimental effects, to a varying degree, on interface bond strength. The interface bond strength was approximately proportional both to surface free energy and roughness of surface finishes, indicating that wettability and mechanical interlocking both played a significant role in forming adhesion with glob top resins.
2,4-D and Phoma herbarum to control dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Biological agents, including fungal pathogens, are being considered to control weeds such as dandelion. Compatibility of a fungal pathogen, Phoma herbarum, with nonformulated 2,4-D was tested in vitro. Moderate to high concentrations (828 to 2,451 ppm) of 2,4-D reduced fungal colony diameter by 50% or less, suggesting that practical concentrations may be chosen for tank mixes. Under growth room and field conditions, integration of 2,4-D and P. herbarum produced enhanced control of dandelion. In general, synergistic responses to sublethal doses of 2,4-D followed 4, 8, or 16 d later by P. herbarum inoculation were found. Synergistic interactions, as determined by the Colby method, ranged as high as 62% greater than expected for an additive interaction. In general, dandelion response was reduced under field conditions, suggesting that environmental conditions or other factors play a role in efficacy. Integration of chemical and biological agents shows potential for enhanced weed control. Nomenclature: 2,4-D; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers TAROF; Phoma herbarum.
Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation after Novel Myeloablative Conditioning Using FluBu4/TLI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Double-unit umbilical cord blood transplantation (dCBT) is a validated strategy to broaden access to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but is limited by delayed engraftment and immune reconstitution. ATG is a part of conventional myeloablative (MA) conditioning for CBT, and although it may facilitate engraftment, it can also contribute to delayed immune reconstitution through T-cell depletion. We conducted a Phase II trial to assess the safety and efficacy of dCBT following a preparative regimen combining total lymphoid irradiation (TLI, 400 cGy) in lieu of ATG, with Fludarabine/Busulfan 3.2mg/kg IV x4 (FluBu4).
Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Capturing Technologies and their technology developments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, we are experiencing daily growth in the consumption of non-renewable energy resources such as oil and gas. Utilizing these energy sources leads to the production of large amounts of carbon dioxide. The emission of this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere accelerates the global warming and its irreparable consequences. Therefore, it is vital to overcome this phenomenon through elimination of the generated carbon dioxide. This could be achieved by focusing on the existing research experiences in this field and considering proposed methods for eliminating this emission. In addition, the removed carbon dioxide gas could be used in the over-harvesting process of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study will use VOSviewer software for Bibliometric analysis of carbon dioxide capture technologies and identify gaps that could help researchers gain insight and determine future research trends. We will also review the registered patents for carbon capture technologies and identify the inventors and companies involved in patents. The results suggest that the supply of energy from renewable energy sources and the application of energy policy, decision-making methods, and commercialization methods can significantly contribute to the development and evolution of carbon capture technologies. Also, the high number of patents filed by companies reveals that carbon capture technologies are on the way to commercialization.
Exclusion of the non-English-speaking world from the scientific literature: Recommendations for change for addiction journals and publishers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: While English is only the native language of 7.3% of the world's population and less than 20% can speak the language, nearly 75% of all scientific publications are English. Aim: To describe how and why scientific contributions from the non-English-speaking world have been excluded from addiction literature, and put forward suggestions for making this literature more accessible to the non-English-speaking population. Methods: A working group of the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE) conducted an iterative review of issues related to scientific publishing from the non-English-speaking world. Findings: We discuss several issues stemming from the predominance of English in the scientific addiction literature, including historical drivers, why this matters, and proposed solutions, focusing on the increased availability of translation services. Conclusion: The addition of non-English-speaking authors, editorial team members, and journals will increase the value, impact, and transparency of research findings and increase the accountability and inclusivity of scientific publications.
Changing faces of the public sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This review is based on “Implementing change in public sector organizations,” by J. Barton Cunningham and James S. Kempling. Some points made here about the principles behind organizational change might seem to be spelled out excessively, but there some useful observations about the public sector, its dependency on other agencies, and how obstacles to change can be surmounted. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.
A Stronger Case for Religion: Perspectives on Multicultural Education and on Religiously Affiliated Schools

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Against all possible objections, religiously affiliated schools clearly have a place within multicultural education. Yet they may only play their future role if they really are, or become, agents of educational reform, for example, with a clear emphasis on interreligious learning and on supporting a new synthesis between religious tradition and critical reflexivity of the self. Churches and religious communities must come to understand themselves as well as their educational institutions as part of the strong civil society on which the future of democratic education may well depend.
Carotid plaque and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atherosclerosis is the basic cause of macrovasular complications of diabetes mellitus. It affects all parts of the circulatory tree. An easy and reliable method of diagnosing atherosclerosis is Carotid Doppler ultrasonography. Increased Carotid Intima-Medial thickness (CIMT) and presence of carotid plaque is an important predictor of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents. The purpose of this study was to find the association of carotid plaque with cardio-metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Medical Out-patient Department of Creek General Hospital, Karachi. Period: One year from June 2015 to May 2016. Subjects and Methods: The study population included 119 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. All subjects underwent Carotid Doppler ultrasonography. The demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data was collected and analyzed through SPSS ver.20.0. The relationship of carotid plaque with different atherosclerotic variables was assessed by Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. P-value of <0.5 was considered significant. Results: Out of 119 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 18.5% had a carotid plaque. The presence of plaque was associated with duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and CIMT. Conclusion: We need to focus on management of the multiple metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus in order to prevent atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular disease.
Sensory and Nutritional quality of Moringa Oleifera Leaf powder incorporated Multi-millet Ready to Eat (RTE) snack

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed at developing value-added multi-millet ready to eat (RTE) snacks incorporated with Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) leaf powder (MOLP) with different variations viz.,0%, 5%, 10% 15% and evaluate sensory and nutritional properties. The sensory evaluation revealed that newly formulated 5% MOLP snacks had higher overall sensorial acceptability after control product. Besides, nutritional values also demonstrated that MOLP (15%) incorporated multi millet snacks contained abundant minerals like iron 99.09+ 0.6 mg/kg, zinc 20.27+0.3 mg/kg, calcium 4374+22.7mg/kg. The protein (9.681+0.01g/100g) and antioxidants (230.6+0.46 µg/100 g) content was also significantly (p>0.05) higher compared to control. The results suggested that incorporation of Moringa powder in RTE snacks production could be used to develop functional food with enhanced minerals, protein and antioxidants.
Novel source for formulation of nutritious fish feed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rising cost of imported fish feed ingredients has called for an intensive research towards the production of high nutritional fish feed using cheap and natural nutrient sources. In this study, seaweed and palm kernel cake were used as alternative protein ingredients in fish feed and the enrichment of its nutritional value was achieved by using solid state fermentation. The fish feed is the bioprotein (final product) produced after the solid state fermentation. The feed has undergo several screening and optimization process in order to obtain the appropriate media and process conditions to produce an optimum bioprotein concentrations in the final product. Analysis of the final product has been conducted and tested on fish to identify its effect on fish performance. Hence, this study has produced the enhanced fish feed with high nutritional compounds (especially protein).
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we examined the early results for patients who underwent beating heart coronary bypass surgery and compared these results with those of conventional coronary bypass surgery.A total of 1094 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery between January 2009 and December 2011 in our clinic were included in this study. Seventy-three patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass was not used (group 1) were compared to 1021 patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass was used (group 2).The mean age was 60.7 ± 9.3 in group 1 and 58.9 ± 9.7 in group 2 (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, or the coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and hypertension (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in terms of development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), use of an intra-aortic balloon pump, need for re-operation for bleeding, or duration of hospital stay and intensive care unit stay (P > 0.05). The need for inotropic support and the amount of mediastinal drainage were less in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The incidences of postoperative cerebrovascular accident, development of chronic renal failure, and sternal wound infection did not significantly differ between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no mortality in group 1, whereas it was calculated as 1.8% in group 2 (P = 0.63).Beating heart coronary artery bypass surgery decreases the need for inotropic support and transfusion.