jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Types of Dietary Fibers on Fermentation by Intestinal Flora

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: A treatment for chronic constipation is dietary fiber intake. This study aimed to determine the effects of different types of dietary fibers on the microbiota in the large intestine.\nMethods: Nine healthy volunteers participated in this study. Breath hydrogen test was used to determine the dietary fiber fermentations. The presence of hydrogen in the breath indicates intestinal bacterial activities. Participants fasted overnight and ate white bread (200 g) with 10 g of each type of dietary fiber: (1) cellulose, (2) soy fiber, (3) guar gum, and (4) control (without any dietary fiber). Samples were collected before and every 1 hour after eating, for 8 h. Another test compared the effects between cellulose and guar gum with a loaded food, which activates intestinal fermentation, and samples were collected using the same methods.\nResults: During 8 h of measurements, breath hydrogen concentration in the soy fiber group were higher than that of the control, but were not significantly different. Changes in the guar gum group were similar to those in the control. However, breath hydrogen concentrations in the cellulose group did not increase even after eating white bread that caused large intestinal fermentation 2.9 ± 0.7 ppm, which was significantly lower than that of the guar gum group (7.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.01). In the study with a well-fermented food intake, cellulose reduced breath hydrogen concentrations, but its difference with that of the guar gum group was statistically non-significant.\nConclusion: Cellulose might have a suppressive effect on large intestinal fermentation. Therefore, this compound may be beneficial in treating chronic constipation.
Entrustable Professional Activities: Base Hit or Homerun?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

From the Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Accepted for publication February 17, 2021. Funding: None. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Robert R. Gaiser, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO 208051, New Haven, CT 06520. Address e-mail to [email protected].
Impact of Green Packaging, Perceived Consumer Effectiveness, and Social Influence on Green Consumption Behavior: The Mediating Role of Green Satisfaction and the Moderating Role of Environmental Awareness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to look at how green packaging, perceived consumer effectiveness, and social influence affect green consumption behaviour, as well as the moderating role of environmental awareness and the mediating role of green satisfaction. As consumers show signs of growing environmental consciousness and increased willingness to purchase green products. In order to gather information for this purpose, 290 Pakistani consumers of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) were surveyed. The research hypotheses were evaluated for validity using the PLS-SEM technique. Green packaging, perceived consumer effectiveness, and social influence all positively influence green satisfaction. Furthermore, green satisfaction positively influences green consumption behaviour. Finally, the study discovered that environmental awareness does not influence the relationship between PCE and green satisfaction. The theoretical and managerial implications, research limitations, and future directions have all been addressed.
Positron Emission Tomography in Psychiatry: New Sights, New Insights

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a new tool with which to explore the neurobiological basis of psychiatric illness. PET permits in-vivo measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, regional glucose metabolism, as well as information about neurochemicals and their receptors. Since regional cerebral bloodflow and glucose metabolism reflect ongoing neuronal activity, the neural bases of different cognitive processes and emotional states can be discerned using PET. Findings from recent studies in schizophrenia, affective disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, and dementia are reviewed with a special emphasis on how these findings may' be useful in developing a more comprehensive framework for understanding the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disorders. The relationship between PET and other brain imaging modalities, the imminent improvements in PET technology, as well as future directions of research are discussed.
Patient‐centered care: Key elements applicable to chronic liver disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progressive illness with high symptom burden and functional and cognitive impairment, often with comorbid mental and substance use disorders. These factors lead to significant deterioration in quality of life, with immense burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare. The current healthcare system in the United States does not adequately meet the needs of patients with CLD or control costs given the episodic, reactive, and fee‐for‐service structure. There is also a need for clinical and financial accountability for CLD care. In this context, we describe the key elements required to shift the CLD care paradigm to a patient‐centered and value‐based system built upon the Porter model of value‐based health care. The key elements include (1) organization into integrated practice units, (2) measuring and incorporating meaningful patient‐reported outcomes, (3) enabling technology to allow innovation, (4) bundled care payments, (5) integrating palliative care within routine care, and (6) formalizing centers of excellence. These elements have been shown to improve outcomes, reduce costs, and improve overall patient experience for other chronic illnesses and should have similar benefits for CLD. Payers need to partner with providers and systems to build upon these elements and help align reimbursements with patients' values and outcomes. The national organizations such as the American Association for Study of Liver Diseases need to guide key stakeholders in standardizing these elements to optimize patient‐centered care for CLD.
Resonance Raman spectroscopic study of fused multiporphyrin linear arrays

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

For prospective applications as molecular electric wires, triply linked fused porphyrin arrays have been prepared. As expected from their completely flat molecular structures, π-electron delocalization can be extended to the whole array manifested by a continuous redshift of the HOMO-LUMO transition band to infrared region up to a few μm as the number of porphyrin units in the array increases. To gain an insight into the relationship between the molecular structures and electronic properties, we have investigated resonance Raman spectra of fused porphyrin arrays depending on the number of porphyrin pigments in the array. We have carried out the normal mode analysis of fused porphyrin dimer based on the experimental results including Raman frequency shifts of two types of C13-isotope substituted dimers, Raman enhancement pattern by changing excitation wavelength, and depolarization ratio measurements as well as normal-mode calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G level. In order to find the origins for the resonance Raman mode enhancement mechanism, we have predicted both the excited state geometry changes (A-term) and the vibronic coupling efficiencies (B-term) for the relevant electronic transitions based on the INDO/S-SCI method. A detailed normal mode analysis of the fused dimer allows us to extend successfully our exploration to longer fused porphyrin arrays. Overall, our investigations have provided a firm basis in understanding the molecular vibrations of fused porphyrin arrays in relation to their unique flat molecular structures and rich electronic transitions.
Cancer predisposing germline mutations in patients (pts) with urothelial cancer (UC) of the renal pelvis (R-P), ureter (U) and bladder (B).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4510 Background: Urothelial cancers (UC) are suspected to have a substantial hereditary component, but other than highly penetrant genes such as those in mismatch-repair pathway (e.g. MSH2) typically associated with R-P/U primaries, heritable gene mutations have not been systematically studied. We sought to investigate the prevalence of known cancer pre-disposing germline mutations in pts with UC originating from all sites within the urinary tract. Methods: Pts with R-P, U and B primaries, unselected for suspicion of inherited cancer syndrome, were prospectively enrolled from medical oncology and urology clinics to a germline sequencing protocol from June 2016 to January 2017. Germline gene analysis was performed in a CLIA-certified lab using a next generation sequencing (NGS) platform (MSK-IMPACT) that analyzes tumor-normal DNA pairs. The germline gene panel consisted of 76 genes associated with hereditary cancer predisposition. Results: As of January 24, 2017, 101 pts have NGS results available, with median age 63 (31-87), 76% male, 24% female. Primary sites were B (67%), R-P/U (31%), or both (3%). 73% had organ-confined disease and 27% had metastases. 8% had early onset (≤45 yrs at diagnosis), 10% had a family history of UC, 25% had documented non-UC cancers. 25 pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P-LP) mutations were identified in 22 patients. P-LP mutations were present in 29% of pts with R-P/U primaries and 18% of pts with B primaries. 12 DNA damage response gene alterations were found (4 CHEK2, 3 BRCA1, 2 BRCA2, 1 ATM, 1 BRIP1, 1 NBN) and 8 in Lynch syndrome associated genes (5 MSH2, 2 MSH6, 1 MLH1). Other mutations include 2 APC, 1 TP53, and 1 FH. Notably 3 pts had 2 alterations each ( MSH6/ APC, BRCA2/ APC, BRCA1/ CHEK2). 9/22 pts with P-LP mutations did not meet American College of Medical Genetics criteria for genetic screening. Conclusions: 22% of UC pts had a germline mutation in a cancer-associated gene. There was an unexpectedly high frequency of pts with DNA-repair pathway mutations. Active accrual is ongoing to define the full spectrum of alterations. These results have profound implications for genetic counseling and screening and further studies are warranted.
[Sharp increase in the number of syphilis cases in The Netherlands: early recognition and treatment is of great importance].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syphilis was diagnosed in three men having sex with men, aged 36, 38 and 58 years, who had a variety of skin lesions and other symptoms. In a woman aged 38 years and her 39-year-old husband, syphilis was found during routine pregnancy screening. All patients were successfully treated with intramuscular (benzathin) benzylpenicillin. Early recognition and treatment as well as advice on avoiding high-risk sexual behaviour are important in preventing further spread of the disease. Although generally the risk of HIV transmission during unprotected oral sexual contact is believed to be low, the transmission of Treponema pallidum during this type of contact is possible and is probably the most important transmission route amongst men having sex with men.
Impulse buying online: a visual, comparative enquiry into two mediums of grocery retailing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of our thesis has been to see how impulse buying could manifest itself online by comparing the offline and online mediums through visual enquiry, and build on the already extensive literature on offline impulse buying. The object oriented visual enquiry was used offline and online to observe grocery stores and their current and potential impulse buying stimuli. We gained an initial understanding of the differences between the offline and online mediums according to how they can manifest impulse buying stimuli. We do not believe that the offline impulse buying methods can be directly transferred to an online setting, due to differences in format. However, an online grocery shopping site can emphasize features connected to hedonism, interactivity and personalization to successfully induce impulse buying in the online medium
Oxazepines and thiazepines. 41 . Synthesis of 4‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐styryl‐1,5‐benzothiazepines by the reaction of (E,E)‐cinnamylideneacetophenones with 2‐aminothiophenol and their conversion into 2,2‐disubstituted 3‐acetyl‐2,3‐dihydrobezothiazoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract New 4‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐styryl‐1,5‐benzothiazepines 8–13 have been synthesized by an acid catalyzed reaction of 2‐arninothiophenol ( 1 ) and ( E,E )‐cinnamylideneacetophenones 2–7. Ring contraction of 1,5‐benzothiazepines 8–13 provided 2,2‐disubstituted 3‐acetyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzothiazoles 14–19 under acetylating conditions.
Rearrangement Invariant Norms of Symmetric Sequence Norms of Independent Sequences of Random Variables

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let X_1, X_2,..., X_n be a sequence of independent random variables, let M be a rearrangement invariant space on the underlying probability space, and let N be a symmetric sequence space. This paper gives an approximate formula for the quantity || ||(X_i)||_N ||_M whenever L_q embeds into M for some 1 le q < infty. This extends work of Johnson and Schechtman who tackled the case when N = l_p, and recent work of Gordon, Litvak, Schuett and Werner who obtained similar results for Orlicz spaces.
MobilePose: Real-Time 3D Hand Pose Estimation from a Single RGB Image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Estimating 3D hand poses from RGB images is a challenging task. In this work we construct efficient neural networks to regress sparse 3D skeletons consisting of 21 keypoints in the hand. Additionally heatmaps are regressed to locate the keypoints in 2D. The networks created can be divided into three parts: feature extraction, heatmap regression and 3D pose regression. To obtain the 3D coordinates relative to the camera we introduce a method based on the best projection given the predictions. Main focus has been investigating network structures proven to be efficient in other computer vision task: EfficientNet, EfficientDet and MobileNetV2. A weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network, BiFPN, inspired by EfficientDet was added to MobileNetV2. This resulted in a new proposed network structure, MobilePose. The size of a network is affected by the input image resolution. Decreasing the resolution resulted in lower inference time. Images with the size 112 × 112 was used to achieve real-time performance. However the best accuracy was obtained with 224 × 224 images, the highest resolution tested. EfficientDet and MobilePose performed best and similar in terms of accuracy on the FreiHAND dataset. Comparing inference time on a Samsung S10 mobile device MobilePose is preferred. MobilePose was improved by adding complexity to the network. This resulted in achieving the highest accuracy in total with an average keypoint error of 1.4 cm, assuming the depth of a root keypoint is know, and 5.0 cm with calculated root depth.
Entrepreneurship skills in university students to improve local economic development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Local economic development is becoming an increasingly important activity as it addresses the economic and employment challenges faced by all developing countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the entrepreneurial skills of university students for the promotion of local economic development. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and interpretative causal approach was adopted for the research. The sample consisted of 240 students chosen through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Questionnaires were used as a tool for data collection, validated by expert judgment in the field, with a reliability of 98.2% determined by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the survey was employed as a technique. Inference results provided by ordinal logistic regression, using the model goodness-of-fit test, χ 2 = 203.902, allowed demonstrating the explanatory variable. The goodness of fit for deviation was p = 0.099, determining the presence of an effect corresponding to the Nagelkerke predictor = 64.4% of the explained variability in the dependent variable. It was concluded that improving the entrepreneurial skills of university students has a significant positive effect on enhancing local economic development. Therefore, harnessing the entrepreneurial skills of university students requires a combination of educational approaches, financial support, networks, and specific policies. Collaboration among different stakeholders, including government, the private sector, and academic institutions, is essential to achieve a significant impact on local economic development.
Accelerating Publish/Subscribe Matching on Reconfigurable Supercomputing Platforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A modular design is proposed and analyzed for accelerating the publish/subscribe matching algorithm in reconfigurable hardware. With help from a performance model, we demonstrate an optimized FPGA implementation which is scalable and efficient enough for many of today’s most demanding web and financial applications. Our design achieves 5.9 times speedup over software while consuming around 0.5% of power.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Stopping Theory-Based Extra Layers for 30-Day Rate Risk Prediction of Readmission to Intensive Care Units

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The importance of 30-day patients' readmissions (PRs) to intensive unit care stems from the significant cost and mortality risk when the patient's chosen class (i.e., readmitted or not to the hospital) is incorrect. The overall accuracy of the PRs classification obtained in the literature is still moderate, particularly for machine learning (ML) and deep artificial neural networks (ANNs), where the overall accuracy is around 65%, resulting in 35% of critical wrong decisions. The suggested technique for enhancing such an overall accuracy consists of three distinct phases. The first layer is an ML-assisted algorithm that uses support vector machines (SVMs) and ANNs techniques, while the second layer uses an arbitrary dataset's distribution and mathematical modeling of the problem to determine the optimal class probabilities interval that has the highest percentage of misclassified elements. Next, all items' categories in that interval are altered, with the exception of those deemed by the generalized secretary problem (GSP) algorithm (the third layer) to be most likely correct. We provide a new theorem that applies to every distribution type and yields the GSP's optimum parameter. Starting with evidence that the Gilbrat and Generalized logistic distributions suit the class probabilities produced by ANN and SVM, respectively, we demonstrate that our technique improves the overall accuracy by 5% and 19%, reaching 85% and 87%, respectively. It is important to point out that the suggested additional two layers may be utilized for any binary classification problem; this is independent of the dataset distribution and the stages that came before.
Local Responses to Renewable Energy Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses both local opposition and local support to renewable energy developments, with particular attention to wind farms and solar power plants. Actors, arguments, and actions are examined and contrasted. It is argued that opposition to renewables has received far more attention from social scientists, even though the success of this sector in several countries can show that support is frequent and widespread. Regarding opposition, the NIMBY hypothesis is discarded and other more complex and multilayered explanations are discussed, such as place attachment, landscape concerns, procedural and distributive justice, and actual impacts of wind and solar farms. Concerning support to renewable energy developments, justifications such as economic benefits (namely financial incentives and employment generation), landscape rehabilitation, and environmental values are explored.
What We Can Do About Maternal Mortality—And How to Do It Quickly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;379(18):1689–1691) Women in the United States are more likely to die from childbirth- or pregnancy-related causes than women in any other high-income country, with black women dying at a rate 3 to 4 times that of white women. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies 3 types of complications as the most common potentially preventable causes of pregnancy-related death: postpartum hemorrhage, severe hypertension, and venous thromboembolism.
Vocational Schooling and Occupational Matching : Gender Differences in Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As skill mismatch has become the problem in the labor market in Indonesia, this paper examines the effect of the matching between vocational major and occupation in the labor market. Facing the excess supply of working age population, Indonesian government has imposed the vocational policy. Previous empirical evidences showed that the relevance returns of skill and occupation increases earnings in the labor market. The paper uses SAKERNAS 2013 data. A special focus will be on the role of gender. A basic Mincer model is applied to estimate the impact. The results show that the vocational graduates who have major and occupational matching enjoy 13.5% higher wages than those with mismatched. Meanwhile, this effect is not statistically different for males and females. Furthermore, the effect reaches the highest point at the early career in the labor market for male workers, but in the middle of their working age for female workers. This may be due to the differences of the job mobility rate between men and women. Although the matching procedure may produce insignificant result, this research showed the prior studies on the major and occupational matching in vocational education. Nevertheless, this research provides novel evidence for the government to monitor the vocational education policies as it still generates gender inequality in providing training and job availability.