jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Application of Solid State Fermentation for Obtaining Substances Useful in Healthcare

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the current review we summarised the research involving solid state fermentation (SSF) for the production of compounds that could be used in healthcare (terpenoids, polyphenols, fibrinolytic enzymes, mycophenolic acid and others). We described several groups of obtained agents which hold various activity: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anticoagulant and others (e.g. anticancer or anti-diabetic). It seems that especially terpenoids and polyphenols could be useful in that field, however, other substances such as enzymes and fatty acids play important role as well. We described main groups of microorganisms that are applied in SSF of those compounds, particularly Bacillus genus and fungi, and where possible provided information regarding genes involved in those processes. We also compared various approaches toward optimisation of SSF.
Nicotiana tabacum L. 2NT1014

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Nicotiana tabacum L.
Common name(s): Tobacco
Other names: Samsun-23 N6/1
Conserved by: Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops (SCVIC), Armenia
Local sample unique identifier: 2NT1014
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2022-04-08
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Not included
Hürthle cell medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two medullary carcinomas of the thyroid (MCTs) composed entirely of Hürthle (oncocytic or oxyphilic) cells and containing follicular structures are described. Immunocytochemical analysis showed these tumours to be calcitonin-, carcino-embryonic antigen- and neuron-specific enolase-positive. The essence of this communication is twofold. Firstly, it highlights and draws attention to this unusual variant of MCT, which may be encountered at frozen section and misdiagnosed as a Hürthle cell tumour of follicular cell origin. Secondly, it undertakes a concise overview of the immunocytochemistry of Hürthle cell thyroid neoplasms and MCT.
Endolymphatic sac surgery for Menière's disease: eighteen years' experience with the Kitahara sac operation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From 1968 to 1983, 162 cases of Meniere's disease were treated surgically with our intramastoid drainage technique. One hundred forty of these cases could be followed up for two years or more. Treatment results were calculated according to the 1972 AAOO criteria and the 1985 AAO-HNS criteria. Using our technique, definitive vertigo spells could be controlled completely in 78% of cases and substantially controlled in 94%. Hearing worsened in only 15% of all cases. Therefore, prevention of worsening of hearing, especially in bilateral cases, and control of vertigo spells in patients with frequent attacks were considered absolute indications for our technique. In this study critical observations were made based on the number of cases hitherto reported by surgeons (the average number of patients undergoing surgery in our clinic was fourteen per year). The need for careful selection of patients for surgery is emphasized.
The ex officio doctrine in European consumer law. A procedural tool reinvigorating individual consumer litigation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The thesis delves into the theoretical underpinnings of the establishment of the powers of national courts to raise pleas of Union consumer law of their own motion and examines the novel dimensions this opens for individual consumer litigation. In an extensive line of case-law the Court of Justice has built the principle of an active court in individual consumer litigation around the concepts of effectiveness of mandatory rules of consumer law and weaker party protection. Such understanding of judicial powers has been formulated, in certain circumstances, independently from the respective national procedural rules. The thesis analyses the question in terms of a Union consumer ex officio doctrine, presents its implications from a civil justice perspective and its important contribution for the effective judicial protection of consumers and Union citizens.
miRNA Dysregulation in Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract miRNAs have emerged, in the last decade, as key players in the carcinogenic process, with many candidates identified as playing important roles in many aspects of tumor development, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. More recently, polymorphisms in miRNAs themselves or in their binding sites in target genes have been identified to incur increased risk of breast cancer in certain populations. In addition, epigenetic regulation and differential expression of processing enzymes has been shown to contribute to the aberrant expression of miRNAs in breast cancer. This review focuses on the area of miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and the impact of this dysregulation on breast cancer risk and resistance to therapies. Cancer Res; 73(22); 6554–62. ©2013 AACR.
Monitoring the lower oesophageal sphincter: sphinctometer or sleeve?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two methods have been used to study lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) function in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: the sleeve sensor and the sphinctometer. Our aim was to directly compare the sleeve and sphinctometer in vivo. Ten asymptomatic volunteers were intubated with a perfused assembly incorporating a sleeve sensor, a solid‐state assembly incorporating a sphinctometer and a pH probe. LOS function was recorded pre‐ and post‐prandially. During basal periods sleeve and sphinctometer readings correlated well both within and between subjects (r 2 = 0.89 (P < 0.0001)). However, the sphinctometer relaxed less during swallows (median 42 (interquartile range 27–55)% vs 73 (62–81)% (P < 0.001)), transient LOS relaxations (TLOSR) (50 (40–70)% vs 94 (88–100)% (P < 0.001)) and reflux episodes (67 (59–75)% vs 97 (91–100)% (P = 0.02)). Using criteria derived from 10 dry swallows, the expected relaxation of the sphinctometer during TLOSR was defined. The sphinctometer had an overall sensitivity ranging from 43 to 71% for the detection of TLOSR with 11–22 false positive relaxations, depending on the criteria employed. Sensitivity was particularly poor in those with low basal LOS pressure. The sphinctometer has a lower capacity to register LOS relaxations than the sleeve sensor, which limits its value in studying the pathophysiology of reflux disease.
The Role of Parties in Legislative Campaign Financing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the analysis presented in this paper is to examine the role that party organizations play in campaign finance systems of state legislative elections. Party organizations are found to be more likely to fund candidates in competitive elections and more likely to fund challengers than are nonparty organizations. The impact of an increased role for party organizations in campaign finance systems is illustrated by simulating the distribution of campaign money and the results of state legislative elections under different scenarios of party funding.
Manufacturing-support by Remote Factory Management (1st report) : The Concept and its impact for business management improvement (The Concept of Remote Factory Management (RFM) and its impact)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Manufacturing-support Data Center Services using Internet, called RFM (Remote Factory Management is presented. The concept deploys not only maintenance services but also consulting services with inter-enterprise collaboration by engineering companies and machine tool vendors for multi-vendor s manufacturing systems. Major key issues are 1) FDC; introduction of Factory Data Center Services providing reliable network infrastructure and related platform functions 2)FDML; a versatile XML like language effective in describing field operating devices as well as machine status, 3)ASP; user oriented application service concept utilizing broadband network. Results obtained in the RFM trial using FDC, FDML and the related technologies has been performed.
Neutral amino acid transport in hepatocytes isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the present study, transport by Systems A, ASC, and N was shown to be elevated in hepatocytes isolated from diabetic rats. After the cells were placed in primary culture, the System ASC activity declined rapidly, while the decay of Systems A and N was slower and dependent on protein synthesis. The elevated 2-aminoisobutyric acid uptake was the result of an increase in the Vmax of a single, high affinity system, presumably System A. The stimulation of System A could not be accounted for by an increase in the affinity for Na+; in fact, the apparent Km for the ion was actually greater in the experimental cells. Release from trans-inhibition was also eliminated as a possible explanation. The data suggest that during the development of the diabetic state the liver is triggered to induce the activity of System A by synthesizing the necessary protein components. Treatment of the cultured hepatocytes with insulin could partially reverse the stimulation due to diabetes, indicating that the induction of System A may be the result of the hyperglucagonemia associated with the disease. In support of this hypothesis, the cells from the diabetic rats were resistant to further stimulation of System A by glucagon, yet they did respond to high levels of insulin or to amino acid starvation. Glucagon does not appear to be involved in the induction of System N in the diabetic animal because this system is not responsive to either glucagon or insulin when tested in vitro.
Fundamental rights and German labor law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Already the Weimar Constitution of 1919 contained fundamental rights which played an important role in labor law. However, there the fundamental rights only described a program to be implemented by legislation. The fundamental rights in the Constitution of Germany today automatically bind all three State branches and entitle individuals to enforce these rights in courts. The Constitution expressly only refers to the vertical application in the relationship between citizens and the State. Nevertheless, fundamental rights nowadays in Germany are considered to be the expression of values for the legal order as a whole. Therefore, horizontal application in the relationship between private actors has become important. The focus is not only the fundamental rights embedded in the German constitution but also on the very complex interplay with fundamental rights contained in European sources as the European Social Charter, the European Convention of Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU.
An Experimental Study on Effect of Upper Abdominal Autonomic Denervation and Truncal Vagotomy on Visceral Blood Flow and Portal VIP Concentration.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

上腹部自律神経叢切離に伴う下痢の発生機構を, イヌを用いて内臓血行動態より全迷走神経切離 (以下, 幹迷切) と比較検討した.自律神経叢切離兼幹迷切群, 自律神経叢切離単独群, および幹迷切単独群を作製し, 十二指腸, 小腸, 膵組織血流量を水素ガスクリアランス法にて, 門脈血流量を超音波トランジットタイム血流計にて測定した.さらに門脈血中vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (以下, VIP) 値を測定した.自律神経叢切離兼幹迷切群および自律神経叢切離単独群においては, 全例に水様性下痢が発生した.十二指腸, 小腸および門脈血流量は減少し, 膵血流量および門脈血中VIP値は増加した.幹迷切単独群では, 下痢は認めなかった.十二指腸, 小腸血流量に変化なく, 膵, 門脈血流量は減少し, 門脈血中VIP値は増加した.以上より自律神経叢切離により内臓血行動態の変化が認められ, 術後下痢の発生原因に関与していることが示唆された.
The effect of a mixed circuit training on muscle synthesis’s indices, neurotrophic factors, and physical fitness in elderly women: A randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Regular physical activity can improve muscle synthesis, cognitive function, and physical fitness and consequently delay the side effects of aging. However, the effect of circuit training which is a combination of resistance and aerobic exercise is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of a mixed circuit of aerobic and resistance training on serum levels of muscle synthesis indices, neurotrophic factors, and physical fitness in elderly women. Methods: A total of 24 healthy elderly females (age 65±3 years) were recruited and randomly divided into two groups as follows: Mixed Circuit Training (MCT, n=12) and Control (C, n=12). Participants in the MCT group performed circuit training (three times a week at an intensity of 40-60% of 1 repetition maximum) for 8 weeks. Participants in the C group did not received any intervention. Serum levels of growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF_1), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and balance) were measured before and after the eight weeks of intervention. Results: Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, BDNF, and, NGF were increased in the MCT group after eight weeks (p ˂0.001). Cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and balance were also improved in the MCT group after eight weeks of intervention (p ˂0.001). Conclusions: A mixed circuit training could improve muscle synthesis, neurotrophic factors, and physical fitness in elderly women. To confirm these results, further studies are recommended. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. IRCT20240108060648N1. Registration date: 2024/02/12. URL: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20240108060648N1
On histograms and spatiograms - introduction of the mapogram

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces the concept of a mapogram. A mapogram may be viewed as a special form of spatiogram, which is a histogram containing additional spatial information. Additionally, this paper presents theory relevant to the creation of a proposed mapogram. A similarity measure derived from the Bhattacharyya coefficient is obtained in order to make comparisons between mapograms. Examples using a mapogram are given.
Neu Differentiation Factor Activation of ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 Is Cell Specific and Displays a Differential Requirement for ErbB-2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neu differentiation factor (NDF)-induced signaling involves the activation of members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Although ectopic expression of recombinant ErbB receptors has yielded valuable insight into their signaling properties, the biological function and in vivo interplay of these receptors are still poorly understood. We addressed this issue by studying NDF signaling in various human cell lines expressing moderate levels of all known ErbB receptors. NDF-induced phosphorylation of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 was found in the breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, the breast tumor cell lines T47D and MCF7, and the ovarian tumor cell line OVCAR3. Despite similar expression levels, NDF-induced phosphorylation of ErbB-4 was cell specific and only detected in T47D and OVCAR3 cells. Blocking cell surface expression of ErbB-2 by intracellular expression of a single-chain antibody revealed that in these two cell lines, ErbB-2 significantly enhanced phosphorylation of ErbB-4. Efficient NDF-induced phosphorylation of ErbB-3 was strictly ErbB-2 dependent in the breast tumor cell lines T47D and MCF7, while it was largely ErbB-2 independent in MCF10A and OVCAR3 cells. Consequently, NDF-stimulated intracellular signaling and induction of a biological response displayed a cell-specific requirement for ErbB-2. Thus, while ErbB-2 cooperates with NDF receptors in the breast tumor cell lines, ErbB-2 independent mechanisms seem to prevail in other cellular contexts.
Theories of harm on abuse of dominance: a Sino-EU comparative analysis of the impact of institutional dynamics on the law enforcement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is set out to discuss how, in a competition law regime, the institutional dynamics between courts and the enforcement agencies could have an impact on the law enforcement outcomes (presented in Chapter 1). It adopts a comparative law perspective for this discussion, using the regimes of the EU and China as study samples. A theoretical framework, including the conception of “theory of harm”, is established (in Chapter 2) to underpin the comparative analyses. There are two aspects of comparison. The first one is the comparison between the institutional setting of the EU regime and that of the Chinese regime. There, a key difference is highlighted: pertaining to the court-agency relationship, the EU regime adopts a supervisory model, and the Chinese regime adopts a competitive one (Chapters 3 and 4). Based on that is the second aspect of comparison: the production of theories of harm in these two regimes. In that regard, this research selects and analyzes a number of enforcement cases by the courts and agencies of these two regimes in the arena of abuse of dominance; the analytical focus is on the theories of harm constructed by the relevant enforcers in these cases (Chapters 5 and 6). This research finds that a competitive model of institutional dynamics incurs more problems than a supervisory one. The implication is that the presence of judicial supervision, or the lack thereof, has a definitive impact on the quality of the theories of harm produced (Chapter 7).
Raynaud's Phenomenon and Cancer Chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Raynaud's Phenomenon and Cancer ChemotherapyBRIAN M. DORSK, M.D.BRIAN M. DORSK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-652_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Vogelzang and associates describing Raynaud's phenomenon after combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer (1) provoked me to remember the line by Alexander Pope, "what oft has felt but ne'er so well expressed. " Although I have not seen Raynaud's phenomenon often, I have made similar observations in three patients with testicular cancer on treatment regimens containing bleomycin and in one patient with breast cancer on vinblastine infusion. The latter patient also had extensive rheumatologic work-up that was negative, as were cyroglobulins and cold agglutinins. Hand arteriograms were not done on any of the patients. I...Reference1. VOGELZANGBOSLJOHNSONKENNEDY NGKB. Raynaud's phenomenon: a common toxicity after combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:288-92. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcral Erythema and HydroxyureaFRANCES SANDLER SILVER, M.D., LUIS R. ESPINOZA, M.D., ROBERT C. HARTMANN, M.D. 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 652-653KeywordsAgglutininsBreast cancerCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentCombination chemotherapyPatientsRaynaud syndromeTesticular cancer ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of High Temperature-Short Time Steam Blanching(HTSTSB) on Myrosinase Activity and Nutrients of Maca

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】 In order to obtain more glucosinolates and improve the quality of the maca after storage and processing,the application of high temperature-short time steam blanching(HTSTSB) on myrosinase inactivation was investigated.【Method】Three main factors,which would influence the myrosinase activity and glucosinolates content of maca,such as steam pressure,steam processing time and material capacities,were considered in the phase of single factor tests.Based on the result,the response surface methodology(RSM) test was designed.【Result】With the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of effects of myrosinase inactivation and glucosinolates preservation,the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: steam pressure was 0.35 MPa,steam processing time was 50 s,and the material capacity was 240 g.Under the optimal conditions,the myrosinase activity of maca was lowered to 1.96%,and the retained content of glucosinolates could reach to 0.98%.Nutrients were retained more by HTSTSB compared to hot water blanching and microwave blanching.【Conclusion】 The myrosinase activity of maca could be effectively passivated by HTSTSB,and sensory quality was better maintained after treatment.Compared with conventional blanching,HTSTSB has a clear advantage.
Challenging Dutch holocaust education: towards a curriculum based on moral choices and empathetic capacity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We analyse the way in which the Holocaust is taught in The Netherlands, with an emphasis on critically examining the content of secondary school textbooks used to teach Dutch students about the history of the Holocaust. We also interview Dutch educators, government officials and academics about the state of Dutch Holocaust education. Our findings indicate that Dutch students are underexposed to the Holocaust and lack basic knowledge and conceptual understanding of it. Fundamental concerns regarding the civic obligations of citizens in a democracy and basic principles of human rights that are raised by the history of the Holocaust in The Netherlands are often ignored or examined superficially, sometimes because of ambivalence about the extent of Dutch involvement in the genocide of Dutch Jewry. Little attention is paid to the complex moral choices that Dutch citizens faced during the Second World War and the life-or-death implications such decisions had for Dutch Jews. Finally, Jewish history and culture and the history of European anti-Semitism are rarely addressed in textbooks and history lessons about the Holocaust, undermining efforts to sensitise students to the implications of the Holocaust for The Netherlands and for Europe as a whole. In our conclusion, we offer some models of Holocaust education that could significantly improve the quality and content of Dutch Holocaust education.
The Land–Water–Energy Nexus of Ruzizi River Dams (Lake Kivu Outflow, African Great Lakes Region): Status, Challenges, and Perspectives

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydroelectric power (HP) represents the main source of electricity in Africa, including the Democratic Republic of Congo. The demand for new dam construction is high, and major projects are currently progressing through planning and implementation stages. New HP dams should comply with both past and emerging environmental requirements. River systems need water to maintain hydraulic and ecological functions. Flow regime disturbance can prevent rivers from providing their ecosystem services and disrupt riparian communities. Most dammed rivers in Africa are understudied, however, in terms of their environmental flow requirements. This study analysed the hydrological regime and water quality of the Ruzizi River. The research investigated conditions of minimum water flow and hydropeaking at the Ruzizi I HP dam in terms of land management constraints and ecological impacts. According to Gumbel’s hydrological model, a discharge of ∼130 m 3 /s showed the longest return period (12 years) among the most recurrent flows. By contrast, the maximum recorded discharge of 143 m 3 /s showed a return time of 76 years. Any discharge between 46 and 120 m 3 /s could occur at any time within three years. The discharge–hydropower production relationship for the power plant provided a possible minimum environmental flow of 28 m 3 /s (i.e., 25%). Drinking water quality was assessed according to WHO water quality index (WQI) standards. Turbidity (i.e., total suspended solids) upstream and downstream of dams correlated strongly with rainfall (r = 0.8; n = 12) and land use. WQI values observed in excess of WHO drinking water standards indicate that the Ruzizi River is currently unsuitable for drinking water purposes.