jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-camera spatio-temporal fusion and biased sequence-data learning for security surveillance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a framework for multi-camera video surveillance.Our framework addresses the detection, represenation, and recognition of motion events.The detection phase handles spatiotemporal data fusion for efficiently and reliably extracting motion trajectories from video.The representation phase summarizes raw trajectory data to construct a hierarchical, invariant, and content-rich representation of the motion events.Finally, the recognition phase deals with learning using imbalanced training datasets and infinitedimensional data that also exhibit temporal ordering.Due to space limit, only the following two components are discussed in the paper: fusing spatio-temporal information from multiple camera sources and characterizing and detecting suspicious surveillance events.For fusing multi-source data from cameras with overlapping spatial and temporal coverage, we propose a novel method that uses a twolevel hierarchy of Kalman filters to construct coherent and invariant event descriptors.Once the event descriptors are constructed, we devise a sequence-alignment kernel function to perform sequence data learning for detecting suspicious events.When the positive training instances (i.e., suspicious events) are significantly outnumbered by the negative training instances, SVMs can suffer from high event-detection errors.To remedy this problem, we propose an adaptive conformal transformation algorithm to work with the sequence-alignment kernel.Through empirical study in a parking-lot surveillance setting, we show that our spatio-temporal fusion scheme can efficiently and reliably reconstruct scene activities, and that our learning method is highly effective in identifying suspicious events.
Path Dependencies in Project-Based Organizing: Evidence from Television Production in Germany

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Project-based organizing is sometimes seen as a panaceaagainst strategic persistence and structural inertia. This paper arguesthat, due to stable relations and timeworn routines in particular, thesepersistencies also arise in project organizations, even in project networksand project ecologies, which are often considered even more flexible forms of project-based organizing. Taking the example of the Germantelevision industry, the paper shows that some of these persistencies mayeven amount to path dependencies that are quite contradictory from aneconomic perspective. While it seems highly efficient to follow and exploit an organizational path chosen, this very path may also lead to a lock-in.
The Discipline of the Democratic Peace:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The theory that democratic states do not go to war with one another depends upon the claim that such states can recognize each other as democracies and act pacifically in accordance with this recognition. This article argues that analyses of the democratic peace and security communities can benefit from a fuller and more critical engagement with the thinking of Immanuel Kant. Kantian liberalism involves subtle yet powerful processes of identity construction, and the processes of mutual recognition with which these identities are intertwined play essential constitutive and disciplining roles in the development of political relations. These processes of recognition are not merely sociological puzzles, but rather overtly political practices that both entail and enable the exercise of considerable power. The social construction of democratic security communities builds upon these liberal structures of identity and discipline, a situation demonstrated in the case of NATO.
Practical Entanglement Distillation Scheme Using Recurrence Method And Quantum Low Density Parity Check Codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many entanglement distillation schemes use either universal random hashing or breeding as their final step to obtain almost perfect shared EPR pairs. In spite of a high yield, the hardness of decoding a random linear code makes the use of random hashing and breeding infeasible in practice. In this pilot study, we analyze the performance of the recurrence method, a well-known entanglement distillation scheme, with its final random hashing or breeding procedure being replaced by various efficiently decodable quantum codes. Among all the replacements investigated, the one using a certain adaptive quantum low density parity check (QLDPC) code is found to give the highest yield for Werner states over a wide range of noise level --- the yield for using this QLDPC code is higher than the first runner up by more than 25\% over a wide parameter range. In this respect, the effectiveness of using QLDPC codes in practical entanglement distillation is illustrated.
Habitats and Diversity of Subterranean Macroscopic Freshwater Invertebrates: Main Gaps and Future Trends

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Caves are the best studied aquatic subterranean habitat, but there is a wide variety of these habitats, ranging in depth below the surface and size of the spaces (pore or habitat size). Both factors are important in setting limits to species composition and richness. In addition to caves, among the most important shallow aquatic subterranean habitats are the hyporheal (underflow of rivers and streams), the hypotelminorheal (very superficial drainages with water exiting in seeps), epikarst, and calcrete aquifers. Although it is little studied, both body size and species composition in the different habitats is different. Because of high levels of endemism and difficulty in access, no subterranean habitats are well sampled, even caves. However, there are enough data for robust generalizations about some geographic patterns. Individual hotspot caves are concentrated in the Dinaric region of southern Europe, and overall, tropical regions have fewer obligate aquatic cave dwellers (stygobionts). In all subterranean aquatic habitats, regional diversity is much higher than local diversity, but local diversity (especially single cave diversity) may be a useful predictor of regional species richness. In Europe there is a ridge of high aquatic subterranean species richness basically extending east from the French–Spanish border. Its cause may be either high productivity or that long-term temperature oscillations are at a minimum. With increased collecting and analysis, global and continental trends should become clearer.
A Photo-Electric Instrument for Measuring the Aqueous Flare in the Intact Eye

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research Articles| March 24 2010 A Photo-Electric Instrument for Measuring the Aqueous Flare in the Intact Eye Subject Area: Ophthalmology H.K. Dyster-Aas; H.K. Dyster-Aas From the Eye Clinic, University of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C.E.T. Krakau C.E.T. Krakau From the Eye Clinic, University of Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ophthalmologica (1963) 146 (1): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1159/000304497 Article history Published Online: March 24 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H.K. Dyster-Aas, C.E.T. Krakau; A Photo-Electric Instrument for Measuring the Aqueous Flare in the Intact Eye. Ophthalmologica 1 January 1963; 146 (1): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1159/000304497 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsOphthalmologica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1963Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Effect of Serpentine Aggregates on the Shielding, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Heavyweight Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Concrete is a material that can easily absorb nuclear radiation, and in this process, the density of concrete is an essential factor in absorbing the rays. Therefore, due to performance limitations and thickness, heavyweight concrete is used. In this study, serpentine coarse aggregates (SCAg) and serpentine fine aggregates (SFAg) were used as a substitute for sand and gravel in heavyweight concrete containing lead slag to protect against gamma rays. Determination of mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity), physical properties (water absorption and electrical resistivity), and shielding properties (shielding against gamma rays) were among the main objectives. The results indicated the positive effect of SFAg and SCAg on the shielding properties of concretes against gamma rays. The replacement of SFAg and SCAg with natural aggregates increased the density of the samples, which resulted in an increase in 3.8 to 42.9% in the linear attenuation coefficient against gamma rays. SFAg has a significant effect on gamma-ray attenuation, especially when these materials are made of high-density minerals, due to their property of reducing the pores in concrete.
Meaning of death: Implications for bereavement theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the last few decades important advances have been made toward deepening our understanding of normal bereavement processes. Despite these advances, individual differences in the intensity and prolongation of struggles with death's meaning have typically been overlooked. On the basis of a review of sociocultural, existential, and spiritual perspectives, it is argued that response to the meaning of death–and thus also the meaning of life–may affect the course of mourning in important ways. More specifically, for some bereaved individuals the ongoing involvement with these issues of meaning may result in a deeper, richer way of being in the world–despite the additional anxiety and discomfort that may accompany such intense searching.
Free and hidden fumonisins in Argentinean raw maize samples

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The concentrations of free fumonisins (FBs) and hydrolysed fumonisins (HFBs) were determined in 72 maize samples collected in 2017 from five Argentine provinces. The methodology for HFBs analysis consisted of alkaline hydrolysis followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The developed analytical methodology presented percentages of recovery greater than 74%. Limits of detection were 4.5, 13.0 and 12.9 μg/kg for HFB 1 , HFB 2 and HFB 3 , respectively. Presence of FBs was found in 86% of the samples. In all cases, the concentration of total HFBs (after the hydrolysis treatment) was superior to the free FBs content (HFBs to FBs median ratio of 2.5), which indicates the presence of hidden fumonisins in Argentinean maize. 8% of the traditionally analysed samples exceeded the limit established by the European Commission for FB 1 + FB 2 . When applying alkaline hydrolysis to the samples, 24% of them exceed this limit.
Orthodontics on sale: fixed appliances on E-commerce platforms

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The sale of orthodontic materials, considered as medical devices, is regulated in order to protect patients. The availability of orthodontic products on e-commerce platforms, however, may go unregulated and compromise patient safety. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the sale of fixed orthodontic appliances on a local and global e-commerce platform. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analysis of orthodontic materials sold on Shopee and Amazon was conducted using a specific keyword search for brackets, arch wires and ligatures. After deleting duplicates and irrelevant search results, the top 50 products for each keyword search were analysed. Product name, the type of product, seller, cost, star rating, the number of reviews, the number of sales, shipping location and brand identification were recorded. Brand registration with a medical device regulatory authority was checked. Collected data were tabulated in Google (spread)sheet to derive descriptive statistics and frequency tables. Results A total of 800 search results were screened. Three hundred and forty-eight relevant results were identified, approximately two-thirds of which originated from Shopee. Ligatures generated the highest search outcome in both Shopee (39%) and Amazon (80%). Fixed orthodontic materials sold on Shopee resulted in a larger number of reviews, higher star ratings and a lower cost per item compared to those supplied by Amazon. Products on Amazon were more likely to have brand identification (97%) compared to Shopee (5%). None of the identifiable brands on Shopee were registered with regulatory bodies, whereas eight products listed on Amazon were registered. A large portion of shipping locations originated from China for both e-commerce platforms. Conclusions Orthodontic brackets, arch wires and ligatures are more readily available on Shopee compared to Amazon. The quality and safety of these products cannot be assured as the majority of the products were either not clearly labelled or their registration was not identified under the regulation of medical devices.
CcpA-Dependent Regulation of Bacillus subtilis Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Bacillus subtilis rocG gene, encoding catabolic glutamate dehydrogenase, was found to be subject to direct CcpA-dependent glucose repression. The effect of CcpA required the presence of both the HPr and Crh proteins. The primary CcpA binding site was identified by mutational analysis and DNase I footprinting. In the absence of inducers of the Roc pathway, rocG was still expressed at a low level due to readthrough transcription. CcpA-dependent repression of rocG readthrough transcription proved to contribute to the slow growth rate of B. subtilis cells in glucose-glutamate medium. Increased readthrough expression of rocG was shown to be partially responsible for the growth defect of ccpA strains in glucose-ammonium medium.
Influence of Incubation Time on Ortho-Toluidine Blue Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Directed against Selected Candida Strains—An In Vitro Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background and the aim: The appropriate incubation time in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy protocol seems to have a huge impact on the efficacy of this process. This is particularly important in relation to Candida strains, due to the size of these cells and the presence of the cell wall. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal incubation time needed for the absorption of toluidine blue by cells of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis using direct observation by optical microscopy, and to evaluate the efficacy of TBO-mediated aPDT on planktonic cells of these strains. (2) Methods: The microscopic evaluation consisted of taking a series of images at a magnification of 600× and counting the % of stained cells. The in vitro effect of TBO-mediated aPDT combined with a diode laser (635 nm, 400mW, 12 J/cm2, CW) on the viability of yeast cells with different incubation times was evaluated. (3) Results: The presence of TBO within the cytoplasm was observed in all tested Candida strains and at all microscopic evaluation times. However, the highest percentages of cells were stained at 7 and 10 min. The highest % reduction of CFU/mL after TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was obtained for the strain C. albicans ATCC 10,231 and it was 78.55%. (4) Conclusions: TBO-mediated aPDT against Candida was effective in reducing the number of CFU/mL at all assessed incubation times. However, the most efficient period for almost all strains was 7–10 min.
B7 Liquid Crystal Filament Growth in Presence of Carbon Nanotubes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Liquid crystal phases formed from bent‐core mesogens have attracted much interest of the liquid crystal research community, due to the manifestation of chirality effects from achiral molecules. One of the most elusive of the bent‐core phases is the B7 phase, which at its early stage often forms in a helical filament fashion. We investigate the growth of such filaments in the presence of single‐walled nanotubes to elucidate possible effects on the growth dynamics and helicity of B7 helical filaments. It is found that the filament width slightly decreases in comparison to the neat B7 material, suggesting a more tightly bound structure around the nanotubes, with the nanotubes likely acting as the core of the helical filament. No effects on pitch or periodicity of the helical superstructure is observed. The filament growth velocity quickly decreases as nanotubes are added to the B7 phase, indicating that a more tightly bound structure needs a longer time of formation. An observed buckling instability is of interest as a microscopic example for the study of nonlinear dynamics theories of filaments. The present investigation is thus of general importance for nanoparticle directed growth of filaments, which has applications in biomolecular growth and high tensile strength fibres.
Developing the EU Battlegroup Concept: The Perceptions and Contributions of Germany and Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Battlegroup Concept was initiated at a time when the EU was trying to find a role in the global security environment.1 Building upon the Artemis mission, the ESS and the European Capability Action Plan (ECAP) process, it sought to provide a value-added mechanism for military action, within the limited capabilities of the Member States, while at the same time avoiding duplication with NATO's Reaction Force (NRF). In this respect both the military and political aspects are emphasised. The aim is to assess German and Polish contributions to the EU Battlegroup Concept and to discover how far these reflect the conceptions that each country's decision-makers have of CSDP and the role it should play. Above all it will analyse how both countries' policymakers perceive the Battlegroups and the issues which are central to it, such as when, where and how the Battlegroups will be used, capability requirements and how the Battlegroups should work with other relevant multilateral institutions.
Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the United States (US), with severity and outcomes linked to social determinants of health (SDOH) and regional differences. Data on the impact of SDOH including race, sex, and Child Opportunity Index (COI) level on TBI severity in southeastern US are sparse in children. Methods We analyzed data retrospectively in 1063 children with TBI, admitted at a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center in the Southeast US between January 2017-June 2023. TBI severity was categorized using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOHS), intensive care unit stay (LOICUS), and craniotomy frequency. Patients were classified by race ( white , Black , non-Black people of color [ NBPOC ]), COI (low, moderate, high), and sex (male, female). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc comparisons. Results Significant disparities were observed by race and COI. Black children and children with low COI had lower GCS scores ( P < 0.01), longer LOHS and LOICUS ( P < 0.01) compared to white children and those with high COI. Additionally, Black and NBPOC children were more likely to undergo craniotomies than white children ( P < 0.05). No sex-based differences in TBI severity or outcomes were found. Discussion This study highlights the significant impact of SDOH, particularly race and COI, on pediatric TBI severity, surgical interventions, and outcomes. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address health care disparities in vulnerable pediatric populations.
New species, new records, and a checklist of Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Coenogonium, the only genus in the family Coenogoniaceae, is mostly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Approximately 100 species of Coenogonium are known worldwide, and about 52 species have been previously recorded from Brazil. Here, we describe four species as new to science from the Atlantic Forest in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Sergipe, and present a few new state records. The new species are C. carassense, C. itabaianense, C. pilosum, and C. subtomentosum. An annotated checklist of the species of Coenogonium from Brazil is also included.
Shelf Life of Leafy Vegetables Treated with Natural Essential Oils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Essential oils as natural sanitizing agents were sprayed on Swiss chard leaves produced by organic methods. Samples were stored at 0 and 5°C and 97% to 98% relative humidity. Microbial populations, peroxidase activity, and sensory attributes were monitored during storage. No significant differences were observed between treated and control samples stored at 0°C. However, samples treated with the essential oils of eucalyptus, tea tree, and clove and stored at 5°C presented microbial counts significantly lower than those of control samples. The essential oils of eucalyptus, tea tree, lemon, rosemary, and clove presented peroxidase activity inhibition that, in the case of eucalyptus, increased to 65% during storage. Although some of the essential oils did appear to reduce microbial counts and peroxidase activity compared with controls, they were not effective in extending the shelflife of the Swiss chard leaves from a sensory point of view.