jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Phosphine-Monoiodoboranes with 4,4'-Di-tert-butylbiphenylide and Electrophiles. Trial of Generation of Tricoordinate Boron Anions and Synthesis of B-Functionalized Phosphine-Boranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Phosphine-Monoiodoboranes with 4,4'-Di-tert-butylbiphenylide and Electrophiles. Trial of Generation of Tricoordinate Boron Anions and Synthesis of B-Functionalized Phosphine-BoranesTsuneo Imamoto and Takaaki HikosakaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 22, 6753–6759Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00101a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00101a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
More on semantic restrictions on certain complementizers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article is an extension of the previous work of the author on the semantic explanation of constraints on the choice of sentential complements and thus on the form of specific sentence modifiers. First, various semantic properties of sentence modifiers or sentential operators are described. Second, a novel notion of non-informative or trivial sentence modifier is proposed. This notion is a generalization of the notion of an analytic sentence in which the notion of presupposition plays an essential role. It is shown that the presence or absence of the complementizer that or whether in the sentence modifier (sentence operator) depends on whether the modifier forms an informative or non-informative sentence with its sentential argument. Among new examples of sentential operators complex operators in which additionally verbal modifiers occur are discussed. Such additional modification may force a change of the choice of the complementizer. All these considerations are made within a framework in which no possible worlds or similar entities are used.
Identifying Central Features of Cotton Leaves in Digital Images with Difficult Backgrounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many digital image processing techniques applied to agricultural problems have as main target the leaves of certain species of plants. The most basic task in such a context is to segment the leaf of interest from the rest of the scene, which is relatively straightforward when the leaf is isolated and the image is captured under controlled conditions. However, real field conditions will often imply in little control over lighting and, more importantly, the background may include several elements that make the task considerably more challenging. This is especially true if there are other leaves with similar shape, texture and color in the scene, which is often the case. This paper presents a method to identify the main node of cotton leaves (where the petiole meets the veins) and the main primary vein, giving valuable information about the position and orientation of those leaves. The only constraint to which the method is subject is that the leaf of interest be located in a central position in the image.
www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Five New Diterpenoids from an Okinawan Soft Coral,

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Five new diterpenoids 1–5 were isolated from an Okinawan soft coral, Cespitularia sp., together with the known diterpenoid, alcyonolide (6). New diterpenoid structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds. Alcyonolide (6) was cytotoxic against HCT 116 cells (IC50 5.85 μM), while these new diterpenoids 1–5 were much less active (IC50 28.2–91.4 μM).
Regulation of androgen receptor mRNA expression in two different skeletal muscles during postnatal development in cattle: possible relation to allometric growth rates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of testicular sex steroids on muscle growth is evident from the sexual dimorphism in muscle growth. Peripheral hormone concentrations cannot sufficiently explain the overproportional growth of individual muscles; instead varying hormone sensitivities of the muscles themselves might account for the differential growth rates. The present study thus aimed to compare androgen receptor (AR) mRNA expression rates in two different muscles with contrary allometric growth coefficients during postnatal growth in bulls.
Effects of rubidium, caesium, strontium, barium and lanthanum on ionic currents in myelinated nerve fibres from Xenopus laevis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A comparative analysis of the effects of externally applied Rb + , Cs + , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ and La 3+ on myelinated fibres under potential clamp conditions was made. The ions Cs + , Ba 2+ and La :l+ (belonging to groups 1a, 2a and 3a of period 6 in the periodic system) were found to affect the K system in specific ways. Ba 2+ and La 3+ reduced the outward K + current associated with positive potential steps; the effect of La 3+ being larger than that of Ba 2+ . The effect of Ba 2+ depended on the K + concentration. Cs + , Ba 2+ and La 3+ reduced the inward K + tail current at repolarisation in solutions with high K + concentration. Cs + and Ba 2+ caused a rectification of the K + current, i.e. they reduced the inward tail current proportionally more than the outward steady state current. The effect of Ba z+ could not be described as a simple reduction of the permeability constant p¯ K . Rb + was found to affect the time course of the K system by increasing the rate constant β n . Sr 2 *, Ba 2+ and La 3+ reduced the permeability constant p¯ Na . These ions also shifted potential dependent parameters in general along the potential axis. The effect of La 3+ was larger than that of Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ . Cs 2+ , Ba 2+ and La 3+ reduced the p‐current, Ba 2+ and La 3+ the leak conductance.
1 Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Ruthenium with Oxone ® as oxidizer

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (Oxone®) was investigated as an oxidizing agent in silica based slurries for chemical mechanical planarization of Ru. Upon addition of oxone, the Ru removal rate increases significantly in the pH range of 1-6. The slurry stability is poor at pH of 3 and higher. At pH 2, oxone enhances the Ru removal rate even in the absence of abrasive, indicating that a soft film is formed on the Ru surface. Ru dissolution experiments show that the static etch rate is low. The Ru removal rate variation with pressure and velocity does not follow the Preston equation.
NCPepFold: Accurate Prediction of Noncanonical Cyclic Peptide Structures via Cyclization Optimization with Multigranular Representation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial intelligence-based peptide structure prediction methods have revolutionized biomolecular science. However, restricting predictions to peptides composed solely of 20 natural amino acids significantly limits their practical application; as such, peptides often demonstrate poor stability under physiological conditions. Here, we present NCPepFold, a computational approach that can utilize a specific cyclic position matrix to directly predict the structure of cyclic peptides with noncanonical amino acids. By integrating multigranularity information at the residual and atomic level, along with fine-tuning techniques, NCPepFold significantly improves prediction accuracy, with the average peptide root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for cyclic peptides being 1.640 Å. In summary, this is a novel deep learning model designed specifically for cyclic peptides with noncanonical amino acids, offering great potential for peptide drug design and advancing biomedical research.
Assessment of 10CrMo9-10 Power Engineering Steel Degradation State by Using Small Punch Test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Degradation of power engineering steel structures requires constant monitoring of their mechanical properties to estimate remaining service life. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a methodology that will enable for accurate determination of changes in mechanical properties of 10CrMo9-10 steel after long-term exploitation involving the Small Punch Test (SPT). Firstly, the as-received 10CrMo9-10 steel was annealed at 770 °C for different periods (1.5, 6 and 24 h) to deteriorate its strength to a level similar to its exploited counterpart. Then, mechanical properties were characterized by uniaxial tensile tests and the SPT method using miniaturized discs with a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm as recommended by the EN 10371:2021 standard. It allowed to determine a formula correlating the SPT results (i.e., elastic–plastic transition force and maximum force) with the yield and ultimate tensile strength. The βRp0.2 and βRm correlation factors were equal to 0.437 and 0.255, respectively. Finally, the exploited 10CrMo9-10 steel was tested by the SPT method. Based on the SPT results, the values of Rp0.2 = 236 ± 27 MPa and Rm = 459 ± 17 MPa were estimated, which were close to those assessed during the uniaxial tensile tests (Rp0.2 = 218 ± 3 MPa and Rm = 454 ± 4 MPa). It was shown that the application of such a relatively simple method is a promising way for determining the changes in mechanical properties of structural steels after long-term service at elevated temperature.
Retrospective study of bacterial Infections among children under six years in Diyala governorate, Iraq

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bacterial infections are the major cause of pediatric admissions to hospitals, and probably the major cause of morbidity in the underdeveloped communities. Objectives: To determine the main bacterial infections among children under 6 years in Diyala governorate, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children during the period from 1st of January 2019 till 31st of December 2019. Hospital admission sheets were used to collect the information of patients with positive bacterial cultural infections. Results: Gastrointestinal tract infection was the most common type with 378 cases (37.80%) followed by bacteremia with 293 (29.30%), urinary tract infections with 255 (25.50%), and finally respiratory tract infections with 74 cases (7.40%). A high percentage of infection was recorded among males than females such as gastrointestinal tract infections (55.02%), bacteremia (55.98%), respiratory tract infections (60.81%), while in urinary tract infections a higher percentage was noticed among females (59.60%). The highest percentages of bacterial infections were recorded in the age group of (1-2 years) followed by (3-4 years), especially in bacteremia (85.67%), gastrointestinal tract infections (64.81%), urinary tract infections (51.77%); while on the other hand, respiratory tract infections were more common in the age group of 5-6 years (48.95%). Gram-negative bacteria were mostly associated with infection than gram-positive bacteria. The major gram-negative bacteria isolated from pediatric bacteremia cases were Klebsiella (31.74%) and Escherichia coli (15.36%) while the main gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus haemolyticus (15.36%). In respiratory tract infections, the most common isolated pathogens were the gam positive Streptococcus pneumoniae (37.84%), and Staphylococcus spp (35.14%) in addition to the gram-negative Pseudomonas spp and Enterobacter spp. As for gastrointestinal tract infection, the most common pathogens were Escherichia coli 82.80%, Salmonella, and Klebsiella 5.03%. In urinary tract infection, the most common isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli 41,51%. Conclusion: Bacterial infections are highly common in our community and the mode of transmission plays a critical role. Therefore, the prevention and control of these infections require a great social effort and a better performance of the health sector.
Stock Watch

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency began design and development of the Gas Turbine High Temperature Reactor of 300MWe nominal output (GTHTR300) in 2001. The reactor baseline design completed three years later was based on 850 °C core outlet temperature and a direct cycle gas turbine balance of plant. It attained 45.6% net power generation efficiency and 3.5 US¢/kW h cost of electricity. The cost was estimated 20% lower than LWR. The latest design upgrade has incorporated several major technological advances made in the past ten years to both reactor and balance of plant. As described in this paper, these advances have enabled raising the design basis reactor core outlet temperature to 950 °C and increasing power generating efficiency by nearly 5% point. Further implementation of seawater desalination cogeneration is made through employing a newly-proposed multi-stage flash process. Through efficient waste heat recovery of the reactor gas turbine power conversion cycle, a large cost credit is obtained against the conventionally produced water prices. Together, the design upgrade and the cogeneration are shown to reduce the GTHTR300 cost of electricity to under 2.7 US¢/kW h.
Abstract 4877: Discovery of paralog-specific SUMO1 and SUMO2 functions using human cancer knockout cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) are ∼100-amino acid polypeptides that function as posttranslational protein modifications and thereby regulate many essential cellular processes, many of which are relevant to cancer. Vertebrates express five SUMO paralogs (SUMO1-5), of which, SUMO1 and SUMO2 are the most widely studied. Biochemical and in vivo studies suggest that SUMO1 and SUMO2 have non-redundant functions, however, the full range of their distinct activities are not fully understood. Understanding these unqiue functions and their molecular bases could lead to more precise therapeutic interventions that target the SUMO pathway. To help define SUMO paralog-specific functions, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout (KO) individual SUMO genes in osteosarcoma U2OS cells. We observed that SUMO2 KO cells were unique in exhibiting a change in cell morphology, changing from epithelial-like to fibroblast-like, thus revealing a potential role for SUMO2 in affecting cell shape. To test the hypothesis that the observed change in morphology is driven in part by changes in gene expression, we sequenced the transcriptome of the parental and SUMO KO cell lines. In alignment with the observed change in SUMO2 KO cell shape, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the extracellular matrix, basement membrane and epithelial to mesenchymal transition were uniquely enriched in SUMO2 KO cells. Further consistent with SUMO1 and SUMO2 having unique effects on transcription, we found a significantly greater number of unique DEGs in SUMO2 KO cells as compared to SUMO1 KO cells. Furthermore, an overwhelming number of DEGs were down-regulated in the SUMO1 KO cells, suggesting a specific role for SUMO1 in activating, or maintaining, gene expression. In contrast, DEGs in SUMO2 KOs were equally up and down regulated. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SUMO1 and SUMO2 have unique biological roles and we look forward to better characterizing these paralog-specific functions in future studies. Citation Format: Danielle Bouchard, Wei-Chih Yang, Michael J. Matunis. Discovery of paralog-specific SUMO1 and SUMO2 functions using human cancer knockout cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4877.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Secalonic Acid-D Represses HIF1α/VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis by Regulating the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Cascade

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1. Molecular structure and cytotoxic profile of secalonic acid D (SAD). Colony morphology, Neighbor-joining rooted tree and sequencing of fungal endophyte (EF-VR2).</p>
The government’s policy in dealing with the rising debt burden in the current low growth environment is indeed justified

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Looking at the relationship between the UK’s public debt levels and economic growth using data from 1831 to 2013, Costas Milas finds that public debt has been a drag on the UK economy in the last few years. This justifies the government’s decision to put in order its finances. Equally important, the time to resume interest rate hikes is when economic growth hits 3%.
Hyperprolactinemia from radiation-induced hypothalamic hypopituitarism.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1975 Samaan et al described the effects of radiation damage of the hypothalamus in 15 patients with head and neck cancer. Shalet et al in 1977 described endocrine morbidity in adults who as children had been irradiated for brain tumors. This report describes instances of hyperprolactinemia and associated hypothalamic, pituitary, and thyroid dysfunction following irradiation of a young adult female for brain neoplasia.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Methodology for Ring Enlargements by the Oxy‐Cope Rearrangement: Ready Access to Highly Functionalized Medium‐Size Rings

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ivana Šandrk Nukić, Josipa Matotek: Importance and trends of organizational culture in construction in eastern Croatia IMPORTANCE AND TRENDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN CONSTRUCTION IN EASTERN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational culture in the construction industry has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, this pa-per examines the importance of organizational culture and its trends in the construction industry. The importance of organizational culture was analyzed in the first part of the paper using an extensive review of the relevant international and domestic literature. The remainder of this paper presents the results of an empirical study the authors have conducted in 2013 using the OCAI questionnaire among university stu-dents in the second year of graduate study at the Civil Engineering Faculty in Osijek. The aim of the study was to prove the importance of organizational culture in construction and to determine the organizational culture trends in the construction industry in eastern Croatia by identifying organizational culture that different groups of students are considering desirable for a company in which they would work after their studies. The results show that an absolutely dominant desired type of organizational culture is clan (38.9%). After clan, an equally represented preference is towards innovative (adhocracy) and hierarchy organizational cultures since approximately a quarter of the students show a tendency towards these cultures. The least preferred is a market organizational culture (13.23%). In addition, the research has shown extremely high
Middleware-based system support for proactive adaptation in pervasive environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pervasive computing applications can adjust their behavior to a multitude of information deemed to be relevant for their situation, their so-called context. Thus far, however, adaptation in such context-aware systems is reactive and limited to the application itself. These restrictions inevitably delay adjustments to events. They cause frequent reconfigurations, and may result in inferior overall system configurations. In this paper, we present our work in progress on middleware-based system support for proactive adaptation. It offers context information, prediction, and influence via a uniform abstraction, update notifications for subscribed context or predictions, and an application model to determine adaptation alternatives.
Floristic composition and vertical zonation of epiphytic bryophytes in Dense Montane Ombrophilous Forest in southern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dense High-montane Ombrophilous Forest possesses environmental characteristics that give it unique structure and floristic composition. Assuming that elevation and associated variables act as filters for bryophyte communities, the purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of bryophytes in relation to vertical phorophyte zonation within the nebular forest, a type of rainforest in a high altitude environment, characterized by the occurrence of constant cloud, in Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi, Paraná, Brazil. All bryophytes occurring on twenty-eight trees in the elevation range of 1000 to 1500 m were sampled and analyzed in six predefined vertical zones. Samples were identified using standard methods and references for bryophytes, and their coverage and abundance was characterized for each tree. Comparisons among zones were done using cluster analysis and diversity. A total of 96 species and 31 families were recorded, with Lejeuneaceae being the richest family followed by Frullaniaceae. Some species were common to all areas, and eight new occurrences for the state of Paraná are reported. This study found high diversity (ranging from H′ = 2.6 to H′ = 4.1) and abundance (0.01 to 0.07) of bryophytes, with a predominance of liverworts. Among the areas analyzed, the floristic compositions of only two differed by more than 50%. This study represents the first evaluation of bryophytes in this elevation range, and the results confirm the importance of conserving high montane regions.