jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tranquilizer misuse among active cocaine users: Predictors of initiation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction and Aims Tranquilizer use is associated with negative health outcomes among people who use drugs. This paper aims to estimate the incidence rate (initiation) and identify predictors of tranquilizer misuse (TM) among cocaine users. Design and Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in Montreal, Canada. Interviewer‐administered questionnaires were carried out at 3‐month intervals. Initiation was defined as misusing a tranquilizer for the first time during follow‐up. ‘Lasting‐initiation’, defined as reporting TM at the next visit following first use, was also examined. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were carried out to assess predictors of initiation to TM. Results Among the 245 participants who were eligible for the initiation analyses, 123 started TM during follow‐up for an incidence rate of 40.49 per 100 person‐years (95% confidence interval, CI: 33.80–48.15). Of the 123 initiates, 35.7% were still using at the interview following initiation for an incidence rate of 14.70 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 10.82–19.56). Multivariate models showed that independent predictors of initiation and ‘lasting initiation’ were identical as having had a criminal activity as the main source of income, having been recently in treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) and reporting non‐medical use of prescription opioids. Discussion and Conclusions The incidence rate of TM initiation was high among a sample of cocaine users. Initiation was predicted by a problematic drug use pattern involving polydrug use, involvement in the street economy and having been in treatment for a SUD. These findings have implications for prevention and harm reduction strategies.
Mechanism for low-etching resistance and surface roughness of ArF photoresist during plasma irradiation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ArF excimer laser lithography was introduced to fabricate nanometer-scale devices and uses chemically amplified photoresist polymers including photoacid generators (PAGs). Because plasma-etching processes cause serious problems related to the use of ArF photoresists, such as line-edge roughness and low etching selectivity, we have to understand the interaction between plasma and ArF photoresist polymers. Investigating the effects of surface temperature and the irradiation species from plasma, we have found that ion irradiation by itself did not drastically increase the roughness or etching rate of ArF photoresist films unless it was combined with ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet (UV/VUV) photon irradiation. The structures of ArF photoresist polymers were largely unchanged by ion irradiation alone but were destroyed by combinations of ion and UV/VUV-photon irradiation. Our results suggested that PAG-mediated deprotection induced by UV/VUV-photon irradiation was amplified at surface temperatures above 100 °C. The etching rate and surface roughness of plasma-etched ArF photoresists are affected by the irradiation species and surface temperature during plasma etching. UV/VUV-photon irradiation plays a particularly important role in the interaction between plasma and ArF photoresist polymers.
Immunosuppressive effects of lymphocyte (type II) and leucocyte (type I) interferon on primary antibody responses in vivo and in vitro.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We have tested the hypothesis that type II interferon (IF), released by immune lymphocytes after in vivo stimulation with tuberculin, has immunosuppressive effects. Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) infected mice injected with tuberculin showed a very intense suppression of antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Sera containing lymphocyte IF strongly inhibited primary immune responses to sheep erythrocytes in cultures. Addition of macrophages could not counteract the in vitro immunosuppressive effects of lymphocyte IF, suggesting that the main effect is exerted directly on lymphocytes. Sendai virus-induced leucocyte (type I) IF was also shown to have suppressive effects in vivo and in vitro. However, lymphocyte IF was shown to be much more immunosuppressive than a preparation of type I interferon with equivalent antiviral potency. Thus type II IF, as a product of activated lymphocytes, may have a major immunoregulatory role.
Optimization of the Disinfection Process in Potabilization Systems in Cuenca Alto Atoyac, Mexico

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Access to drinking water in Cuenca Alto Atoyac (CAA), serving over 3.5 million people, is challenged by contamination and inadequate disinfection processes. This study investigates the use of oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) as a tool to optimize disinfection in CAA’s water systems. The research was conducted in three stages: an initial pilot phase with 10 sampled sources, expanding to 14 supply sources in the experimental phase, followed by analyses defining optimal chlorine dosing and contact times across two distinct hydrogeological zones. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified key factors, explaining 53.52% of water quality variability, while ORP measurements revealed significant differences in water quality among sources, with “Ameca” and “Pozo #2 Santa María Atlihuetzían” representing the extremes. Adjusted chlorine doses and contact times were tailored to local conditions, achieving target ranges and ensuring improved microbial control. In the final stage, significant correlations were established between ORP levels, chlorine doses, and total coliform concentration, supporting the effectiveness of ORP in guiding disinfection processes. Overall, chlorine doses of 0.3–1.5 mg/L with contact times around 15 min yielded ORP values (594–687 mV) optimal for CAA water safety.
A brief analysis of intervention strategies: the effect of choral response on acquisition of basic math fluency with a selected group of students with learning disabilities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

iii DEDICATION viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 16 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 28 CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS 35 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSIONS 46 APPENDIX A: PARENT LETTER 51 APPENDIX B: SAMPLE MATH FLUENCY WORKSHEET 53 APPENDIX C: SAMPLE STUDENT RECORD SHEET 54 REFERENCES 55
The Efficacy of Combination of Inhalation Salmeterol and Fluticasone Compare with Budesonide Inhalation to control Moderate Persistent Asthma by Use of Asthma control Test as Evaluation Tool

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study objective: To investigate wheter combination of steroid (fiuticasone) and long acting 13, agonist (salmeterol) inhalation better than budesonide inhalation to control moderate persistent asthma by evaluation with Asthma Control Test and FEV,
Design: Clinical trial with randomized pretest-postlest comparative group design
~ Se.tting: Moderate persistent asthma due to the GINA 2005 criteria who came to Asthma Clinics Persahabatan
~	Ho,;prful-djvided to 2 groups. Group 1 treated with budesonide inhalation for 3 month and group 2 treated with salmeterot/fluticasone inhalation for 2 month and 1 month wash-out. The study started from March 2007 until
February 2008.	.
Subjects: Moderate persistent asthma patients man or woman with the age 12-65 years old, could perform lung function test and laboratory examination in normal limit.Results: Thirty eight subjects of budesonide group with mean FEV1 and previous ACT score 62,21 % and13,89 at end of the first, second and third month after that
was increased of FEV1 66,52%, 65,12% and 63,60% respectively with the statitistical analysis not significant
(p > ,05) while the increased of ACT scores were 17,42, 17,74 and 17,16 with the statistical analysis was
significant (p < 0,05) but the ACT scores not achieves the value of controlled ACT scores 19. Thirty three of
salmeterol/fluticasone group had the previous mean of FEV1 and ACT scores 60,43% and 12,24 at the end of the
first and second month there was an increased of FEV1 68,13% dan 71,10% respectively with the statistical
analysis was significant (p < 0,05). When wash out (end of third month) there was the decreased of FEV1 66,35%
while the ACT scores were 19,27 and 21,18 respectively with the statistical analysis was significant (p < 0,05).
There was decrease of ACT scores 17,27 when wash out. The percentage of controlled asthma at the end of
second month in budesonide group was 36,8% and salmeterol/fiuticasone group was 81,8% with the statistical
analysis was significant (p< 0,05). Conclusions: Fluticasone/salmeterol group was better in controlled asthma with
the better FEV1 compared with budesonide group.
Structural phase transition, relaxor behavior, and ultra-low strain hysteresis in BaTiO3 ceramics modified by BiYO3

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the structural properties, phase transition, relaxor behavior, and strain properties of (1− x )BaTiO 3 ‒ x BiYO 3 ( x = 0.02‒0.15 mol) ceramics were investigated. The room temperature x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results reveal that (1− x )BaTiO 3 ‒ x BiYO 3 ceramics undergo phase transition from tetragonal to pseudo-cubic structure with x increasing. The curves of dielectric constant and loss tangent as a function of temperature and frequency show that the dielectric constant was changing from being dependent on temperature to being independent of it upon increasing BiYO 3 amount, which is induced obvious dielectric relaxation behavior. Slimmer polarization–electric field ( P – E ) loops and lower remnant polarization ( P r ) were observed for samples with x ⩾ 0.08. The transition between the ferroelectric and relaxor states leads to the narrow strain–electric field ( S–E ) loops, which exhibit a high electric field-induced strain of 0.192% and an ultra-low strain hysteresis of 10.4% at an electric field of 70 kV cm −1 for x = 0.04. This excellent performance indicates that 0.96BaTiO 3 ‒0.04BiYO 3 ceramic may be promising lead-free materials for high-precision displacement actuators applications.
Prediction of binding sites on intrinsically disordered proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Russell C. Goodman and Theresa L. Beaty Department of Chemistry and Physics, Le Moyne College, 1419 Salt Springs Road, Syracuse, NY 13214 Introduction Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are a novel class of proteins that, until over a decade ago, had not been recognized as a functional class of proteins. As opposed to globular and lipidsoluble proteins, IDPs lack a well defined structure. In solution, an IDP adopts an ensemble of conformations; however, when bound to a ligand, an IDP adopts a particular structure with a particular function. Disordered proteins my bind a multitude of ligands, exhibiting what is referred to as binding promiscuity (Uversky 2005). Therefore, rather than adhering strictly to the classical structure-function paradigm associated with globular proteins, IDPs can adopt multiple structures, each possessing a different function.
The artistic precariat

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines how some artists have collectively negotiated precarity in Toronto’s cultural sector during the last 2 decades through two arts experiments: the Waterfront Trail Artists’ Association and Don Blanche. The social scientific scholarly literature on arts funding, precarious employment and community economies provides an entry point for our critique of the creative class theory for its neglect of grassroots struggles to produce and fund spaces of collective artistic experimentation. We argue, that local, non-capitalist and collectivist spaces, where artists can share resources, collaborate and build an alternative community cultural economy, are essential for sustaining the cultural sector because they assist individual creatives to performatively resist neo-liberal tendencies naturalized in the creative city script. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.
Penobscot Experimental Forest boundary, roads, trails, management units, and permanent sample plot locations (1st Edition)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This archive contains research data collected and/or funded by Forest Service Research and Development (FS R&D), U.S. Department of Agriculture. It is a resource for accessing both short and long-term FS R&D research data, which includes Experimental Forest and Range data. It is a way to both preserve and share the quality science of our researchers.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF DIPHENYL AND 4-(PHENYLDIAZENYL)PHENYL BASED TETRASUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLES IN THE PRESENCE OF IONIC LIQUID CATALYSTS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, 4,5-diphenyl-1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole derivatives were synthesized from benzyl, ammonium acetate, p-aminoazobenzene and aromatic aldehydes, in the presence of ionic type, N-methylpyrrolidone perchlorate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate catalysts.Ethanol was used as a solvent.In the synthesis, optimization was carried out depending on the amount of 1,4-dimethylpiperazine dihydrogen sulfate catalyst and temperature.It is determined that, the optimal amount of the catalyst is 10% (mol) and the optimal temperature is 78 o C. Other ionic liquid catalysts for comparison were tested under the same conditions as the 1,4dimethylpiperazine dihydrogen sulfate catalyst.The theoretical mechanism of the 1,4-dimethylpiperazine dihydrogen sulfate catalyst's impact on the reaction was investigated.It was found that the catalyst activates the carbonyl group of aldehyde and diketone to form imine intermediate compound.The reaction mechanism of other catalysts is the same as 1,4-dimethylpiperazine dihydrogen sulfate catalyst.The conditions' results were compared and the 1,4-dimethylpiperazine dihydrogen sulfate catalyst was determined to be more effective due to its high yield (67.0-80.2%)and short reaction time (25-38 min.).The image of visible surface of the synthesized substances was obtained and the homogeneity of the surface was determined using "LUMOS FT-IR Microscope" spectrometer. 1 H, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy were used to confirm the structures of the obtained compounds.Two-dimensional HSQC NMR experiment was used to investigate H-C correlations and hydrogen-free carbon atoms in the molecule.Chromophoric groups in the compounds were studied by UV spectrophotometer.It was determined that hypsachromic and bathachromic shifts are observed in π→π* and n→π* transitions depending on the joining radicals, auxomes affect the intensity of chromophore groups
Fatty Acids and Their Analogues as Anticancer Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recent research supports the beneficial effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on inhibiting tumour development. Long‐chain fatty acids modulate the tumour cell response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Investigators recently claimed high dietary intake of omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid especially in association with a low intake of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid to increase risks for cancers of the breast, colon and possibly prostate. In addition to these facts, a number of investigations have demonstrated that a modified fatty acid analogues are promising molecules in cancer prevention and have potential in the treatment of cancer. Although billions of dollars have been spent on research and development on anticancer drugs, the disease remains uncontrolled. It is expected that anticancer agents preferentially kill tumour cells without causing adverse effects on normal cells. But this is rarely achieved with the existing cancer therapy. Hence, polyunsaturated fatty acids have come under the category of nutraceuticals/functional foods; their exploration in the treatment of cancer may be considered as safe. This chapter describes the effects of long‐chain fatty acids and their analogues in cancer chemotherapy.
Exploring preoperative preparation adherence and barriers in private hospitals in Vietnam: A mixed-method evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Methods A total of 151 patients with 151 operations were observed and retrospectively recorded. All medical staff (including doctors, nurses, and midwives) participating in the preparation of patients were invited to participate in the study. A total of 38 health workers were observed and evaluated. Seven in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were performed.Results Compliance preparation for preoperative preparation among medical staff is low, with only 45.7% adherence to the process, while 76.8% comply with physical preparation. The overall compliance rate is 67.5%. The study also reveals incomplete surgical review systems, inadequate human resources, and insufficient supervision. Type of surgery and surgical department are factors associated with poor preoperative preparation.Conclusion Study results highlighted that the level of compliance with the pre-operative patient preparation process of the private hospital in this study was still low. Appropriate strategies are needed to improve human resource barriers and monitor and improve administrative systems, thereby improving the ability of medical staff to comply with the process at the hospital.
Anemone: using end-systems as a rich network management platform Microsoft Technical Report, MSR-TR-2005-62

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise networks contain hundreds, if not thousands, of cooperative end-systems. This paper advocates devoting a small fraction of their idle cycles, free disk space and network bandwidth to create Anemone, a rich platform for network management. This contrasts with current approaches that rely on traffic statistics provided by network devices. Anemone infers network-wide traffic patterns by synthesizing end-system flow statistics with dynamic topology information obtained by passive snooping of IP routeing protocols. Understanding the effect of the network on individual applications’ end-to-end performance requires data only available in the end-systems actually hosting applications. Consequently, we claim that augmenting endsystems with in-band monitoring, creating an overlay of real-time ‘traffic sensors’ will provide a more complete view of the network, support sophisticated network management queries, and supply the global statistics necessary to automate network control. This paper describes Anemone, discusses potential benefits and challenges, and presents an initial simulation of the platform.
Combined Treatment of Mori folium and Mori Cortex Radicis Ameliorate Obesity in Mice via UCP-1 in Brown Adipocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mori Folium (Morus alba leaf, MF) and Mori Cortex Radicis (Morus alba root cortex, MR) have been studied for their anti-obesity effects by enhancing the browning process and inhibiting adipogenesis. However, important aspects of their protective mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated, which could aid in developing functional food. Thus, this study aims to determine the synergistic effects of MF and MR against obesity and its associated mechanisms. In an in vitro cell culture model of brown adipocytes, a 1:1 mixture of MF and MR showed a synergistic effect on the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, including Ucp-1, Ppargc1a, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator (Cited), Prdm16, Tbx1, and Fgf21 compared with either MF- or MR-treated conditions. Moreover, they demonstrated the involvement of cAMP and Ca2+ in induction of brown adipocyte-specific genes. In an in vivo model using HFD-fed mice, MF/MR significantly inhibited weight gain, plasma cholesterol, LDL, TG content, fat mass, and adipocyte size. Furthermore, MF/MR inhibited morphological alteration and the expressions of fatty acid synthesis genes such as Srebp1 and Fasn in the white adipose tissue. Thermogenesis genes were recovered in the brown adipose tissue with MF/MR supplementation, indicating that MF/MR regulated adipocytic dysmetabolism where AMPK signaling is involved. In conclusion, these results suggested that MF/MR regulates brown and beige adipocyte processes, providing one of the preventive functional food/herbal medicines against obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
Hordeum vulgare L., BCC 1527

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. Accession number: BCC 1527 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2004 Origin country: NOR Biological status: Advanced/improved cultivar MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
An investigation of hydrogen bonding in amides using Raman spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn investigation of hydrogen bonding in amides using Raman spectroscopyNancy E. Triggs and James J. ValentiniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 17, 6922–6931Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100196a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100196a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1297Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Novel Asymmetric ent‐Kauranoid Dimer from Isodon enanderianus

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Further investigation on the aerial parts of Isodon enanderianus afforded a novel asymmetric ent ‐kauranoid dimer, enanderinanin J (1). The structure of the dimer was elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods (including 2D NMR techniques). Enanderinanin J was a dimer of xerophilusin A and probably formed by [4 + 2] cycloaddition.
Simulation on Semiconductor Device Based on CPSO Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An culture particle swarm optimization algorithm (CPSO) for solving the large and serious ill-conditioned matrix equation in semiconductor simulation exactly and quickly is presented. This algorithm is constructed by the population space based on particle swarm and the knowledge space. By the example of solving the potential in linearly graded p-n junctions, the method is compared against Newton algorithm and traditional PSO and can achieve high accuracy, velocity of convergence and saving memory. In simulation of diodes, the simulation results are accord with that of theoretical analysis, which shows the CPSO algorithm is applicable and veracious.