jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leveraging organizational capital for innovation: The process of marketing knowledge co-creation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter deals with organizational capital and processes for innovation from a
marketing and knowledge management perspective. Knowledge has frequently been
identifi ed as a crucial enabler for innovation (e.g. Bounfour, 2003; Drucker, 1985;
Hanvanich et al., 2003; Ichijo, 2002). At the same time, marketing affairs are one of
the most knowledge-intensive functions of a corporation, and marketing processes
like customer relationship management/customer knowledge management and
new product development are very closely related to innovation (cf. e.g. Gibbert
et al., 2002; Kohlbacher, 2007; Leonard, 1998; Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995).
Speaking from the knowledge-based view of the fi rm (e.g. Nonaka and Toyama,
2005), which sees knowledge and competencies as decisive foundations for the
performance and abilities of organizations, and building on Kohlbacher’s (2007)
framework of knowledge-based marketing, this chapter presents and analyzes
the organizational process of marketing knowledge co-creation for generating
innovation.
Technique for Differentiating Particles That Are Cell-Associated or Ingested by Macrophages

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Phagocytosis is a two-step process involving attachment and ingestion of particulate material. It is often difficult to determine under a light microscope whether the particles are actually ingested or are merely attached to the cell. A more accurate, easy to perform technique with the use of xylene has been developed for determining the difference between the attachment and ingestion of polystyrene latex spheres. The xylene treatment dissolves the extracellular spheres, leaving only the intracellular spheres to be counted by the experimenter to obtain a more accurate phagocytic index. This technique also allows an investigator to get an ingestion index, an attachment index, or both.
Spike Phase Shift Relative to Beta Oscillations Mediates Modality Selection

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract How does the brain selectively process signals from stimuli of different modalities? Coherent oscillations may function in coordinating communication between neuronal populations simultaneously involved in such cognitive behavior. Beta power (12–30 Hz) is implicated in top-down cognitive processes. Here we test the hypothesis that the brain increases encoding and behavioral influence of a target modality by shifting the relationship of neuronal spike phases relative to beta oscillations between primary sensory cortices and higher cortices. We simultaneously recorded neuronal spike and local field potentials in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the primary auditory cortex (A1) when male rats made choices to either auditory or visual stimuli. Neuronal spikes exhibited modality-related phase locking to beta oscillations during stimulus sampling, and the phase shift between neuronal subpopulations demonstrated faster top-down signaling from PPC to A1 neurons when animals attended to auditory rather than visual stimuli. Importantly, complementary to spike timing, spike phase predicted rats’ attended-to target in single trials, which was related to the animals’ performance. Our findings support a candidate mechanism that cortices encode targets from different modalities by shifting neuronal spike phase. This work may extend our understanding of the importance of spike phase as a coding and readout mechanism.
The Dream and the Deal: The Federal Writers' Project, 1935-1943.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Operating in every state in the union for eight turbulent years, the New Deal's Federal Writers' Project provided needed jobs for more than 10,000 writers and would-be writers (among them Saul Bellow, Ralph Ellison, and Richard Wright) and produced some 1,200 published books and pamphlets, including the magnificent American Guide Series, which gave the nation its first self-portrait. Nominated for the National Book Award in history, The Dream and the Deal is once more available to a new generation of readers, and includes a selected checklist of 400 Writers' Project publications.
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema Focusing on the Role of OCT Biomarkers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of Ozurdex® (DEX) implant in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in real-world clinical practice, and to determine the correlation between known OCT biomarkers and the effect of treatment. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 42 eyes of 33 patients (16 women, 17 men) treated with DEX at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc for DME indication between 2020 and 2023. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months after the first DEX application. The main assessed parameters were: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central retinal thickness (CRT), OCT biomarkers. The results were subsequently statistically evaluated. Results: At the first follow-up after DEX application, there was an average decrease in CRT of 186 ±146µm and a gain of 3 ±7 letters. Positive morphological and functional responses were observed in 39 eyes (92.9%) and 23 eyes (54.8%) respectively. The disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) biomarker was initially present in 41 eyes (97.6%), with reduction or disappearance observed in 13 eyes (31%) post-application. Eyes with ellipsoid zone disruption (EZ disruption) had an average initial BCVA of 49.6 letters, compared to 57.8 letters in the group without this biomarker. The mean gain in BCVA was +8.7 letters in treatment-naive eyes and +2.1 letters in previously treated eyes. Chronic DME was less frequent in treatment-naive (n = 1, 14.3%) compared to previously treated eyes (n = 28, 84.8%). All these results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). An increase in IOP post-DEX application occurred in 9 patients (21.4%). Conclusion: Our results confirm DEX as a safe and effective treatment option for DME. Treatment-naive patients achieved better functional outcomes. We confirmed ellipsoid zone disruption (EZ disruption) as a negative biomarker. Additionally, we demonstrated the capacity of DEX to reduce disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL).
The clay feet of the malaria giant and its African roots: hypotheses and inferences about origin, spread and control of Plasmodium falciparum.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Grassi's allegory of the fragile feet of clay of the malaria giant applies particularly to Plasmodium falciparum marginal populations in temperate climates such as those that spread within the last three thousand years in the Mediterranean area through their close association with non diapausing vectors of the Anopheles maculipennis complex. The winter survival of the vector and the successful completion of the sporogonic cycle depended on the availability of the house environment to the mosquito. The fragility of the parasite's cycle became especially evident with the crucial impact of indoor-sprayed residual insecticides resulting in very rapid malaria eradication. The malaria giant showed to possess much more solid feet in the Tropics where P. falciparum eventually reached an exceptionally stable endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa due to a vectorial system which produces inoculation rates far higher than the minimum necessary to saturate human populations. This very high transmissibility resulting from recent human-dependent speciation processes in Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoes (namely the emergence in the Neolithic period of specifically anthropophilic taxa in the An. funestus and An. gambiae complexes) had probably a key influence on the origin of the modern P. falciparum from an ancestral, less pathogenic, taxon. It is hypothesised that under the prevalence of multiple inoculation during epidemic flashes, a fast growing, aggressive strain responsible for acute, short-lived infections was selected. This quickly replaced the ancestral taxon and spread all over the world taking advantage of previous Anopheles radiation and of the demographic expansion following the agricultural revolution. Dealing with the African 'roots' of the malaria giant means to face both the exceptional stability of the parasite cycle and the risk of disrupting the human natural response with unsustainable interventions. Most efforts should be concentrated in the support and improvement of the available anti-disease strategies whereas the development of effective anti-infection strategies should be mainly pursued through reasonably diversified research programmes and well monitored pilot interventions within a long-term perspective. The aim is to discover and test new anti-malarial tools which either alone or, more probably, integrated with the available measures, could allow the interruption of transmission. In most Afrotropical hyper- and holoendemic zones, once given full priority to strengthening disease control, P. falciparum eradication appears the only realistic anti-infection objective, unless it is demonstrated that progress can be achieved in these epidemiological zones through sustainable and cost-effective intermediate steps based on the reduction of infection prevalence.
Spray Droplet Impingement onto a Smooth Flat Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of experimental measurements are presented of the liquid film thickness for a dense water spray impacting onto an unheated, smooth, flat impact surface. These data have been acquired using a non-contacting confocal chromatic optical thickness probe originally developed to measure the central thicknesses of precision optics. The measured average liquid film thickness is approximately 160 μm. This local residual liquid layer thickness increases slightly versus radial location at each spray flow rate, and also decreases slightly as the spray flow rate is increased. Also, backlit high-speed video imaging through the glass impact plate from below is used to observe the time variation of the diameter of individual spray droplet impact cavities. The spray droplet impact cavity diameter results indicate a time variation that is proportional to (t) during the cavity growth phase, rather than the (t) behavior that is commonly observed for isolated single drop impacts into a static liquid film. Generally, the details of the cavity retraction phase could not be observed in the current experiments. Measured maximum cavity diameters ranged from around 0.4 mm to 1.6 mm. It is estimated that the corresponding impinging droplets had diameters of between 80 μm and 320 μm. This range of estimated droplet diameters is consistent with a series of Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer measurements that were made for the same spray nozzle and flow conditions. These results are found to be consistent with the predictions from simple time scale estimates of the cavity formation time and cavity lifetime. Based on these observations and the time scale analysis, it is reasoned that transient conduction to the subcavity liquid film beneath spray droplet impact cavities enhances the overall spray cooling heat transfer, but resulting dry out of these cavities could then contribute to onset of critical heat flux.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extract The last twenty years or so have seen a flowering of Leibniz studies. The organizers of a recent international workshop called it “the Leibniz renaissance.”1 In the United States interest in the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was enhanced in the 1970s by the excitement over modal logic and “modal metaphysics.” The idea of a possible world was central to these developments, and that gave them an obvious connection with Leibniz. I think there was also a subtler and deeper, though perhaps more debatable, connection between Leibniz and the new work in modal metaphysics. From its beginning, partly through the influence of the Vienna Circle, analytical philosophy had been Kantian rather than Leibnizian in its methodology. By that I mean that its treatment of philosophical topics, especially in metaphysics, tended to be governed by epistemological views and subject to strict, prior epistemological constraints. It was characteristic of much...
Photovoltaic hosting capacity evaluation method considering different operation mode

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity is challenged when PV access to distribution network on a large scale. Under different operation modes, PV hosting capacity is different. In this paper, the historical data of PV and load are analyzed, and the typical operation mode is extracted by k-means clustering method. Then Monte Carlo sampling method is used to extract different PV configuration scenarios. The PV hosting capacity under different operation modes is analyzed through forward and back generation power flow calculation.
Association of IceCube neutrinos with radio sources observed at Owens Valley and Metsähovi Radio Observatories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. Identifying the most likely sources for high-energy neutrino emission has been one of the main topics in high-energy astrophysics ever since the first observation of high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets, also known as blazars, have been considered to be one of the main candidates because of their ability to accelerate particles to high energies. Aims. We study the connection between radio emission and IceCube neutrino events using data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) and Metsähovi Radio Observatory blazar monitoring programs. Methods. We identify sources in our radio monitoring sample that are positionally consistent with IceCube high-energy neutrino events. We estimate their mean flux density and variability amplitudes around the neutrino arrival time, and compare these with values from random samples to establish the significance of our results. Results. We find radio source associations within our samples with 15 high-energy neutrino events detected by IceCube. Nearly half of the associated sources are not detected in the γ-ray energies, but their radio variability properties and Doppler boosting factors are similar to the γ-ray detected objects in our sample, meaning that they could still be potential neutrino emitters. We find that the number of strongly flaring objects in our statistically complete OVRO samples is unlikely to be a random coincidence (at 2σ level). Conclusions. Based on our results, we conclude that although it is clear that not all neutrino events are associated with strong radio flaring blazars, observations of large-amplitude radio flares in a blazar at the same time as a neutrino event are unlikely to be a random coincidence.
Emerging as a Personality Disorder Service

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Personality Disorder Services working along psychotherapeutic lines are gaining appeal with Health Care Commissioners following the publication of the NICE guidelines for Borderline & Antisocial Personality Disorders and the emerging successful application of psychoanalytically-derived approaches. Establishing a new Personality Disorder Service is akin to constructing a ‘home’ within which the therapeutic work with patients can develop. As clinicians, we are required to question what facets are important to the development of this new home, and to further to endure the unfamiliar state of being ‘not at home’ while the identity of the service is established. We address how this process parallels the task facing the patient as they struggle to establish their own identity. We also highlight some important tenets in the work of securing a robust identity for both the service and the patient suffering from a personality disorder.
Géneros y estilos de redacción en la prensa. Desarrollo y variantes taxonómicas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the key factors in the maturation of modern Journalism, during the 20th\ncentury, has been the evolution of Journalism Genres, especially in the Press. Their domain\nallowed the appropriately diffusion of data, opinions and analysis into informative, opinion and interpretative texts that respected different styles, but also complementary, if one takes\ninto account the overall content of a publication. Within Latin American Journalism, this\nintention has resulted in tripartite classifications.\nCurrently, the Press interrelates with the new communication platforms (contained in\nthe changing spectrum of Digital Journalism) that constantly used multimedia Internet\nresources, the immediacy of virtual social networks and the Microblogging. Within this\nscenario, Journalism Genders take a new importance in Print Media (newspapers,\nsupplements, journalistic magazines, among others), setting up a methodology that\nsafeguards professional ethics, helping journalists in the composition of substantial\ntexts with appealing narrative, product of rigorous research, as well as specialized and\nmultidisciplinary approach in line with the demands of the 21st century.
Enchondroma of the Hand revealed by Trauma, case presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Enchondromas or chondromas are benign bone tumors of a cartilaginous nature, most frequently found in the hand. Most often asymptomatic or clinically awakened by painless swelling, an enchondroma can be diagnosed during a routine physical examination, as an incidental finding on plain X-rays or in the case of a pathological fracture usually caused by minor trauma. The imaging work-up initially includes standard X-rays, and may be supplemented by CT and MRI scans. Chondromas are often single, but can also take multiple forms. Diagnosis is radio-clinical, but must be confirmed by histology. The risk of malignant degeneration calls for surgical treatment, involving complete curettage of the chondroma and its filling with an iliac cancellous graft.
Biochemical studies of the excitable membrane of Paramecium tetraurelia VI. Endogenous protein substrates for in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation in cilia and ciliary membranes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endogenous protein kinases of isolated Paramecium tetraurelia cilia phosphorylated approximately 30 ciliary polypeptides in vitro. Labeling with [gamma-32P]ATP was not proportional to the amount of each protein in cilia; some minor polypeptides (e.g., 67,000 and 180,000 mol wt) were more heavily labeled than some major polypeptides. Certain of the endogenous substrates for protein kinase were localized in the ciliary membrane (130,000, 86,000, 67,000, and 45,000 mol wt); others were found in axonemes or in both fractions. With cilia from bacterized cultures in the undefined Cerophyl medium, the labeling of specific endogenous phosphate acceptors was altered by pH, cyclic AMP, and cyclic GMP, but the labeling pattern was not affected by the presence of Na+ or K+ (15 mM), Ba++ (5 mM), Ca++ (10(-5) or 10(-4) M), or EGTA. Very similar results were obtained with cilia from cells grown axenically in a semidefined medium; the molecular weights and the extent of phosphorylation of the phosphopolypeptides were comparable to those of cilia from bacterized Cerophyl cultures, although no significant cyclic nucleotide effects were observed in the axenic cilia. Most of the phosphopolypeptides labeled in vitro also turned over rapidly in vitro. The phosphoprotein phosphatase responsible for turnover was partially inhibited by 5 mM NaF. The pattern of ciliary polypeptides labeled in vivo was similar to that observed in the in vitro experiments, although the relative intensities of labeling differed. Six behavioral mutants of Paramecium, known to have defects in the excitable membrane that regulates the ciliary beat, showed normal patterns of ciliary protein phosphorylation in vitro, with and without added cyclic nucleotides, at both pH 6.0 and pH 8.0. The mutants also had apparently normal phosphoprotein phosphatase. The Paranoiac A mutant, however, showed a reduction in cyclic GMP-stimulated protein kinase activity.
Multilayer Shielding Design and Analysis of Optimal Thickness for the Storage of Highly Radioactive Sources Concerning Environmental Safety

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a kind of radiological protection, multilayer shielding is superior to a single-layer shield in terms of blocking off radiation. This study examined a multilayer shielding strategy to protect employees from potentially harmful gamma radiation from highly radioactive sources such as 60Co. This paper presents a novel strategy for cost-effective and environmentally safe radiation protection by aligning expensive and heavy materials such as W and Pb to improve their effectiveness and limit exposure below the occupational dose. The largely unpublished set of final exposure rates for the W–Pb–Fe combination was calculated by the numerical interpolation method in MATLAB software. Attention has been given to frequently neglected processes such as mean free path, source strength, and weight-to-cost ratio. The total optimal thicknesses and costs were found to be 33 cm at $5478.65 (USD), and 38 cm at $5831.14 for 60Co energies at 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV, respectively. The thickness was found in a successive manner that was verified with the theoretical data group. This method, procedure, and calculation are planned to be used for the storage of new or used fuel in a nuclear power plant.
Successful Outcome of Pregnancy After Treatment of Maternal Anti-Ro (SSA) Antibodies With Immunosuppressive Therapy and Plasmapheresis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

van der Leij, J. N.; Visser, G. H. A.; Bink-Boelkens, M. Th. E.; Meilof, J. F.; Kallenberg, C. G. M. Author Information
The effective t-J Hamiltonian for the copper oxides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Starting from the Emery model, which is assumed to describe the copper oxygen\nplanes, and including direct oxygen hopping matrix elements, we have been able\nto derive the effective t-J Hamiltonian for the copper orbitals using the\nLinked Cluster Expansion Method up to fourth order in the hybridization matrix\nelement.\n
Na kaza, greza kung stradu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Kristang is the critically endangered heritage language of the Portuguese-Eurasian community in Singapore. Using newly-identified mentions of Kristang in the Singapore National Library Board’s NewspaperSG digitised collection, I present a preliminary sketch of a hitherto-undocumented and previously poorly understood part of Kristang’s history in Singapore between the 1880s and the late 1920s, demonstrating that, in addition to the use of Kristang in religious functions, there existed a vibrant Kristang theatre scene involving multiple Eurasian theatre troupes performing in Kristang. This in turn has allowed for a more coherent understanding of Kristang’s historical domains of use and the place of the language and speech community in multilingual colonial Singapore, especially in terms of its relationship with the various hybridised theatrical forms developing throughout Southeast Asia in the second half of the nineteenth century, and a revised understanding of Kristang’s history in Singapore overall.