jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Common Cocklebur (<i>Xanthium strumarium</i>) Response to Nicosulfuron

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The response of two populations (CC1, 43.59°N & 20.40°E; CC2, 44.46°N & 20.17°E) of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) to nicosulfuron was investigated both in field experiments and in the laboratory. Population CC1 had no history of treatment with any herbicide, while population CC2 was treated with ALS inhibitor herbicides for six consecutive years. In the field, plants were treated post-emergence with nicosulfuron (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g ai ha-1) at four true leaves. Visual injury estimation and vegetative parameters (plant height, fresh weight, leaf area) were recorded about month after herbicide application. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity in response to herbicide concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM was determined in vitro. GR50 values for vegetative parameters and I50 values for ALS activity were slightly greater for the CC2 than for the CC1population, but the results confirmed that neither population was susceptible to nicosulfuron. Namely, based on results for fresh weight, the population CC1 was about 3.9 and 2.6-fold more susceptible to nicosulfuron than population CC2 in two consecutive years, but differences were not so prominent for other parameters (plant height, leaf area and ALS activity), ranging from 1.18 to 1.8-fold. The differences between population CC1 and CC2 could be attributed to inter-population variability in susceptibility to nicosulfuron or could be the consequence of repeated application of ALS herbicides to the CC2 population during the six previous years. Future investigations are necessary in order to clarify this dilemma.
Theoretical performance of an adsorbed natural gas storage system subjected to variable charge–discharge conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A transient heat and mass transfer model is developed to simulate the performance of an adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system subjected to variable charge and discharge conditions. The obtained results are applicable for internal combustion engines with natural gas as the fuel. The ANG system performance is presented in terms of delivery capacity. Results are obtained for the cases of (i) constant pressure charging with a constant flow discharging and (ii) constant flow charging and discharging. Results show the importance of improving the heat transfer performance of the reactor, particularly at high specific gas flow rates. From the second law analysis of the system, it is seen that significant internal entropy generation occurs at high specific flow rate and low heating fluid temperatures. Based on the minimum specific entropy generation criterion, the optimum heating fluid temperatures for different ranges of specific flow rate of the adsorbate are found.
ANALISIS STRATEGI BISNISPT. PELINDO II CABANG BENGKULU

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this research were to: 1) analyze business strategy at PT.
Pelindo II Barach of Bengkulu. 2) analyze competitive environment at port
service business in Bengkulu that new entrant had entry on this business. 3) be
found a good business strategy that can be applied at PT. Pelindo II Branch of
Bengkulu. SWOT analysis was a research method that used on this study. The
result of the study found that the business strategy at PT. Pelindo II Branch of
Bengkulu have done as correctly. Based on Internal External Matrix analysis, the
position of PT. Pelindo Bengkulu business strategy was at quadrant five. This
position suggests, the business strategy that are working should be maintain and
increase to be leader in port of business. Market penetration and service
development strategy were the business strategy could be used at PT. Pelindo II
Branch of Bengkulu.
Using next generation sequencing to detect clinically relevant oncogene mutations in lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Modern care of patients with lung cancer requires rapid and accurate diagnosis leading to personalized therapies for individual patients based on molecular characteristics of their tumour. Detecting mutations that predict response to drug quickly and accurately is an essential part of this process. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide an alternative approach for detecting mutated oncogenes in cancer. We hypothesize that NGS is equal if not superior to standard methods for identifying targetable mutations in the EGFR and ALK genes in lung cancer. Methods: DNA and RNA from 38 formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung cancer samples (37 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and one small cell lung cancer (SCLC)) archived in Diagnostic Services Manitoba were collected and analyzed using gene enrichment methods from Archer Diagnostics followed by sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq NGS machine. Targeted DNA sequencing to detect the EGFR mutation was performed on 19 samples while targeted RNA sequencing was applied to 20 samples to identify the ALK gene rearrangement. The NGS results were compared with and confirmed by current clinical standard molecular tests for EGFR (real-time PCR) and ALK (immunohistochemistry and FISH). Results: Three cases were positive for the EGFR mutation and two other samples harbored the EML4-ALK fusion genes as determined by NGS. The concordance between NGS and real-time PCR for EGFR mutation detection was 88.9%. Additionally, the NGS methodology also provided profiles of other genes commonly mutated in NSCLC including KRAS and TP53. The consistency for ALK fusion testing was 100% between NGS and FISH. Conclusion: This study provides support that NGS is a promising diagnostic tool for mutation detection in NSCLC and holds strong potential for an alternative approach to identifying clinically relevant targets such as EGFR and ALK. Furthermore, NGS provides more information on cancer driven gene mutations than other traditional methods.
Self- help groups and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Gaoua in Burkina Faso

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Self- help groups are increasingly becoming platforms used by development organizations to induce behavioural change and especially to target women’s empowerment, but little is known about the effectiveness of such policies. This paper examines the contribution of Self- help groups to women’s empowerment in Burkina Faso, focusing on the case of the township of Gaoua through data collection from a reasoned choice sample of beneficiaries. The results show that membership of women in these groups enables them to increase their purchasing power, which in turn enables them to participate in the primary needs of their households and thus improve their empowerment. Therefore, it is suggested to the development actors intervening in the township of Gaoua to put together their efforts to cover all the villages of the Self- help groups in order to enable a large number of women to benefit from the spin-offs of these projects.
Pedestrianisation and Disabled People: A study of personal mobility in Kingston town centre

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In the post-war years in Britain pedestrianisation schemes have been widely introduced to provide traffic-free, safe, accessible and visitor-friendly shopping environments. The claims made for pedestrianisation as an 'enabling environment', however, need to be verified. This study addresses that issue. It draws on monitoring surveys of the phased pedestrianisation of the town centre in Kingston upon Thames to examine the mobility characteristics and movement patterns of disabled orange-badge holders, elderly disabled and elderly people, and evaluates group levels of satisfaction with changes in the urban environment and accessibility to premises. Important contrasts in mobility experience are identified. These relate, in measure, to health circumstances and degree of mobility impairment. Town centre redesign has clearly benefited the majority of users, although the needs of orange-badge holders for toilet facilities and seating were not fully met. Access to certain public and commercial buildings, however, still presents a problem for the mobility impaired. The study concludes that pedestrianisation represents a significant achievement in urban design: not just for those with special mobility needs, but also for society at large.
Genetic variation and determination the optimal crop age for harvest in cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions based on accumulated storage root yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The early optimal crop age for harvest is a desirable characteristic in cassava. Many cassava accessions have been disregarded due to their late maturity. In Ethiopia, there is a lack of data on cassava maturity studies, highlighting the need for further research. The study aimed to determine the optimal crop age for harvest in cassava using stored root yield over time. A total of 64 accessions were evaluated using a lattice design from 10 to 22 months after planting (MAP). Results of the analysis of variance showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) difference in the optimal crop ages for harvest in cassava. The fresh storage root yield (FSRY) ranged from 5.5 t ha-1 at 10 MAP to 72 t ha-1 at 18 MAP crop age. Clustering analysis categorized 64 accessions into three clusters with varied crop ages. The highest genetic coefficient of variation (35.2%) was at 10 MAP crop ages, while the lowest genetic coefficient of variation (21.8%) was at 18 MAP crop age. This indicates that the evaluated accessions had high genetic variability in the optimal FSRY over time. Furthermore, the FSRY had high broad-sense heritability and a genetic advance percent mean at all crop ages, indicating the presence of an additive gene effect. G30 at 10 MAP, G11, G17, G31, G55, and G56 at 12 MAP crop ages are selected as promising candidates for utilization. The study indicates that cassava cultivars can be developed below the national recommended crop age for harvest in the evaluated population.
Characterization of Ag and Au nanolayers on Cu alloys by TLC, SEM‐EDS, and ICP‐OES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a study on four historical samples from 19th century originating from Croatia, Europe, made of silver plated and gilded copper alloys. The investigation was carried out by chromatographic, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. Corrosion was identified in all samples by scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), although the samples were in well‐preserved states. EDS has given the following average composition of elements Ag (82.99, 4.74, 6.34, and 15.54 wt% in samples 1–4, respectively), Au (17.01 wt% in sample 1), and Cu (0, 95.26, 93.66, and 84.46 wt% in samples 1–4, respectively) for the outer layers of the samples. The exact sample elemental composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES): 0.12, 0.22, 0.68, and 1.20 wt% Ag in samples 1–4, respectively and 0.02 wt% Au in sample 2, all on Cu alloys with impurities of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, and Zn (in quantities 0.05–1.48 wt%). Preliminary detection of metals was performed by thin‐layer chromatography. Results of determined chemical composition were consistent with similar investigations, since silver‐plated and gilded Cu alloys were the materials used in the production of similar samples through the history.
Characterization of Yamuna River water quality and its remediation by Phytoremediation technique

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Yamuna River in Delhi faces a critical environmental crisis due to escalating pollution levels. As per recent Delhi Pollution Control Committee reports, Delhi has 37 STPs with a combined treatment capacity of 566.3 MGD. However, with sewage generation reaching 792 MGD, approximately 225.7 MGD of untreated sewage is discharged directly into the river. This effluent significantly degrades water quality and poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems. The study assesses seasonal variations in the river's water quality, utilizing Box-and-Whisker plots and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Analysis (HACA) to characterize spatiotemporal dynamics. In addition, the study explores the potential of phytoremediation techniques for restoring the health of the Yamuna River. Water samples were collected in three different seasons from eight sampling stations and nine parameters were determined viz., pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, and chloride. This study unveils the severe impact of pollution in the Yamuna River as drains mix into its water, causing zero DO levels. Box plots showed significant water quality degradation during dry seasons, with improvement in the rainy season. HACA optimized monitoring by identifying similar stations. Additionally, phytoremediation by Canna indica reduced TDS, ammonia, BOD, and COD levels, increasing DO from 0 ppm to 7.78 ppm, with over 95 % efficiency in removing BOD and COD when paired with aeration. The study introduces a cost-effective approach for remediating polluted stretches, emphasizing the critical role of multivariate statistical techniques in identifying key pollutants.
Indicators and Data in Spain for an Overview of the General Characteristics of the National Building Stock

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A country or a city is largely characterized by its architecture and urbanism. A robust understanding of the characteristics of the existing building stock provides a more solid basis for the development of European or national policies. In this chapter, we propose indicators to measure the general characteristics of the buildings at the national and regional levels, using as case studies Spain and two of its regions, Aragon and the Basque Country. Given there is no official definition of what the general characteristics of a building are, in this chapter we propose the general characteristics of a building whose knowledge can allow to lay the foundations for its improvement. We also studied the sources of information available in Spain and in the two mentioned regions for the development of these indicators and developed them when there were available data. Out of the fourteen proposed indicators, five could be fully developed, eight were partially developed, and one could not be developed due to lack of data.
Effect of lipid mixing on the permeability and fusion of saturated lecithin membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of phospholipid mixing on the permeability properties of multilamellar lipid vesicles (MLV) was studied. In the solid state, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC/DPPC) vesicles exhibit ideal lipid miscibility; dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC/DSPC) vesicles exhibit nonideal lipid miscibility at low DSPC molar fractions; dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine range of DBPC molar fractions. The rates of K+, ethylene glycol, and water diffusion from these vesicles in the solid state were measured by photometric and electrometric techniques. The following results were obtained: (1) The rate of solute diffusion, which is decreased monotonically, in DMPC/DPPC MLV, by increasing the molar fractions of DPPC, exhibits maxima at 0.2 molar fraction of DSPC in DMPC/DSPC MLV and at 0.4 molar fraction of DBPC in DMPC/DBPC MLV. (2) The activation energy of the solute diffusion process abruptly decreases in approximately the same range of lipid molar fractions where nonideal lipid miscibility is present. (3) The membrane pore radius is increased by increasing the lipid nonideal miscibility. The rate of vesicle size increase, measured by absorbance changes, is decreased monotonically in DMPC/DPPC monolamellar vesicles [small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUV)] by increasing the molar fraction of DPPC. It, however, exhibits a maximum in DMPC/DSPC SUV at 0.15 molar fraction of DSPC. A model was suggested in which the solute diffusion and the membrane fusion processes are controlled by fractures. The average width of the fractures is increased by increasing the lipid immiscibility.
An Examination of Research to Practice Gaps in Education: Whole Language, Learning Modalities, and Brain Gym

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the documented research to practice gap in education by discussing three recent trends in education that gained momentum with little to no empirical support: (a) whole language reading instruction; (b) modality-based instruction; and (c) Brain Gym. This thesis examines the trend in education toward embracing unsubstantiated strategies by spotlighting these three educational trends and offers recommendations for addressing the research to practice gap in the field of education.
Emotional intelligence and psychological skills use among athletes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Relationships between self-report trait emotional intelligence and psychological skills were investigated. Male athletes (54) completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS; Schutte et al., 1998) and the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas, Murphy, & Hardy, 1999). Canonical correlation results suggested psychological skills used in both competition and in practice relate to perceptions of emotional intelligence (Practice: Canonical R = .69, p < .001; Competition: Canonical R = .67, p < .01). Specifically, self-talk, imagery, and activation in both practice and competition were associated with perceptions of the appraisal of others' emotions and the ability to regulate emotions. The direction of relationships showed that individuals reporting frequent use of psychological skills also reported stronger perceptions of emotional intelligence. Future researchers should seek to establish the direction of relationships by investigating whether increased psychological skills use is associated with enhanced emotional intelligence or vice versa.
Dynamics of the thrombolytic process under conditions of a constant magnetic field

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exposure of rabbits to constant magnetic fields of induction 0.005, 0.12 and 0.3 T for 1 h daily leads to a significant acceleration of the thrombolytic process. A considerable shortening of the time duration needed for liquefaction of the clot was observed. A halved (7 d) duration of the thrombotic process in relation to the control test (14 d) was established in animals exposed for 14 d to magnetic field action before the origination of clotting, with continued exposure to the magnetic field to the moment of clotting recession. The changes were not dependent on the intensity of the magnetic field.
Single polarizer reflective BTN with inner retardation compensation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, have increased the demand for high performance displays with low power consumption. An interesting candidate with the potential of fulfilling these demands is the reflective single-polarizer surface controlled bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display. The main focus of this work involves the optical properties of displays based on these bistable structures. In the investigations, the display is considered as an integrated optical system, containing not only the liquid crystal cell, but also components such as polarizers and retardation films. The specific aim of the thesis was to derive new optical modes of the reflective single-polarizer bistable twisted nematic device using the Jones matrix method to study the interaction between the polarization of light and the optically anisotropic media. The electro-optical properties of the derived modes have been studied and evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. The modes possess excellent brightness and high contrast ratio. By introducing a quarter-wave retardation film into the optical configuration, the contrast ratio can be significantly increased by preventing spectral leakage of light in the dark state. To experimentally realize the derived optical modes, special layers for the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules on the cell substrate surface have been proved needed. Therefore, also the photo-alignment technology of nematic liquid crystals on novel alignment materials has been studied with the aim to control liquid crystal cell parameters such as pretilt angle and anchoring energy, both critical for the bistable switching. The results of this thesis will increase the understanding of the optical properties of the reflective single-polarizer bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display and will be valuable when considering this type of device for practical applications.
Digital Twins and Civil Engineering Phases: Reorienting Adoption Strategies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Digital twin (DT) technology has received immense attention over the years due to the promises it presents to various stakeholders in science and engineering. As a result, different thematic areas of DT have been explored. This is no different in specific fields such as manufacturing, automation, oil and gas, and civil engineering, leading to fragmented approaches for field-specific applications. The civil engineering industry is further disadvantaged in this regard as it relies on external techniques by other engineering fields for its DT adoption. A rising consequence of these extensions is a concentrated application of DT to the operations and maintenance phase. On another spectrum, building information modeling (BIM) is pervasively utilized in the planning/design phase, and the transient nature of the construction phase remains a challenge for its DT adoption. In this article, we present a phase-based development of DT in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. We commence by presenting succinct expositions on DT as a concept and as a service, and establish a five-level scale system. Furthermore, we present separately a systematic literature review of the conventional techniques employed at each civil engineering phase. In this regard, we identified enabling technologies such as computer vision for extended sensing and the Internet of things for reliable integration. Ultimately, we attempt to reveal DT as an important tool across the entire life cycle of civil engineering projects, and nudge researchers to think more holistically in their quest for the integration of DT for civil engineering applications.
Judgments of agency are affected by sensory noise without recruiting metacognitive processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Acting in the world is accompanied by a sense of agency, or experience of control over our actions and their outcomes. As humans, we can report on this experience through judgments of agency. These judgments often occur under noisy conditions. We examined the computations underlying judgments of agency, in particular under the influence of sensory noise. Building on previous literature, we studied whether judgments of agency incorporate uncertainty in the same way that confidence judgments do, which would imply that the former share computational mechanisms with metacognitive judgments. In two tasks, participants rated agency, or confidence in a decision about their agency, over a virtual hand that tracked their movements, either synchronously or with a delay and either under high or low noise. We compared the predictions of two computational models to participants’ ratings and found that agency ratings, unlike confidence, were best explained by a model involving no estimates of sensory noise. We propose that agency judgments reflect first-order measures of the internal signal, without involving metacognitive computations, challenging the assumed link between the two cognitive processes.