jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
POLICING MASS TRANSIT: SERVING A UNIQUE COMMUNITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policing mass transit systems presents distinct challenges to law enforcement. It also enables agencies to send a clear message that community-based polcing extends to communities distinguished not only by geographical boundaries but also by shared needs. The primary goal of policing mass transit is twofold: to enhance transit system safety and to reduce the fear of crime on transit systems. With these goals in mind, police must first develop a reliable method for measuring statistics that accurately relate the condition of the transit system in terms of security. These strategic measurements should be broad-based enough to provide a picture of the security needs of the entire system and take into account subjective assessments by passengers of transit security. With this information, police and transit authority officials can develop specific proactive strategies to enhance security throughout the transit system.
Ethylene Production by Hevea brasiliensis Tissues Treated with Latex Yield-stirnulatory Compounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaflets and pieces of immature stem of Hevea brasiliensis were treated with a range of compounds, and the subsequent rates of release of ethylene compared with the reported efficacy of the individual substances as stimulants of latex yield. The most effective ethylene inducers were also the best stimulants. Amongst the 53 compounds tested, no compound which was not a yield stimulant induced the formation of significant amounts of ethylene. Of all the known stimulants tested, only acetylene was neither converted to, nor induced the formation of ethylene.
Adverse psychosocial consequences: Compassion fatigue, burnout and vicarious traumatization: Are nurses who provide palliative and hematological cancer care vulnerable?

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The work environment significantly affects the physical, psychological, emotional and/or spiritual wellbeing of individuals is unquestionable. Adverse effects have been noted among healthcare professionals working with clients experiencing pain and suffering often associated with cancer, palliative or end-of-life care; however, little is known about how or in which manner the nurse-patient-family relationship may affect the psychosocial health and wellbeing of nurses working in these areas. Three concepts have been highlighted as most frequently associated with the adverse consequences of caring work: these are compassion fatigue (secondary traumatic stress), burnout and vicarious traumatization. The following discussion investigates these concepts and their implications on palliative and hematological cancer nursing practice.
‘Co₂.’ Intervista a Giorgio Battistelli

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the 16th of June 2015, the premiere of the opera CO₂ by Giorgio Battistelli, based on a libretto by Ian Burton and directed by Robert Carsen, opened at the Teatro alla Scala, meeting with great acclaim from the critics and public. After a long period of preparatory work and many changes in the production, the opera coincided with EXPO 2015, addressing, as it does, environmental issues and deliberately broaching exceptionally topical issues in economic, social and political thinking. Highlighting a subject as urgent as the pollution of the Earth in an operatic setting achieved a double effect: it created an opera which functions as a means of reflection on contemporary reality – this is already evident in the title, a chemical formula repeated so often nowadays that it even appears in the recent papal encyclical – and produced sung theatre with no frills which is able to express a universal truth. These elements are at the heart of the opera’s originality: CO₂ can rightly be considered the opera of the New Millennium. During the conversation, which took place in Rome on the 30th of March 2015, Giorgio Battistelli talked with great enthusiasm about how important it is to make music theatre an expression of social commitment. When he speaks on this subject, you can perceive his close attention for the theatrical word, for the musicality of his work and for its ethical and ideological content which, however, never falls into the trap of rhetoric. The sincerity and character of the author shine through the interview, as do his writing methods, and in the generous and forthcoming dialogue we get a faithful picture of his painstaking creative process.
AN EXOTIC T1S 4 WITH POSITIVE CURVATURE

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We construct a metric with positive sectional curvature on a 7-manifold which supports an isometry group with orbits of codimension 1. It is a connection metric on the total space of an orbifold 3-sphere bundle over an orbifold 4-sphere. By a result of S. Goette, the manifold is homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to the unit tangent bundle of the 4-sphere. Spaces of positive curvature play a special role in geometry. Although the class of manifolds with positive (sectional) curvature is expected to be relatively small, so far there are only a few known obstructions. Moreover, for closed simply connected manifolds these coincide with the known obstructions to nonnegative curvature which are: (1) the Betti number theorem of Gromov which asserts that the homology of a compact manifold with non-negative sectional curvature has an a priori bound on the number of generators depending only on the dimension, and (2) a result of Lichnerowicz and Hitchin implying that a spin manifold with non-trivial Â genus or generalized a genus cannot admit a metric with non negative curvature. One way to gain further insight is to construct and analyze examples. This is quite difficult and has been achieved only a few times. Aside from the classical rank one symmetric spaces, i.e., the spheres and the projective spaces with their canonical metrics, and the recently proposed
6 Years of Breast Reconstruction in One Center - An Objective Analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Breast cancer represents the most common type of neoplasm in women around the world. Breast reconstruction following mastectomy has become a demanding procedure in the treatment of patients suffering from breast cancer. Their major role is to improve the quality of life of women, leading to better aesthetic outcomes. Based on each type of reconstruction, the complications following surgery and the duration of hospital stay, the financial implications slightly vary. Methods: Our study included 168 female patients who underwent immediate or delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy. We assessed the clinical management of each of these cases and we evaluated the average final cost of the treatment after the reconstruction, focusing on the reconstructive method used, the complications that occurred and the number of days of hospitalization. Results: The total cost of care in breast reconstruction surgery depends on the type of reconstructive procedure used, which consequently affects the duration of hospitalization of the patients. The expenses also depend on the materials that are used: the type of implant/expander or the use of ADM. Costs were higher in patients who underwent breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi flap associated with an implant, in comparison to reconstruction using a free flap. Conclusions: Breast reconstruction represents a crucial process in the management of women who underwent mastectomies following cancer and presumes variable financial resources, depending on the chosen reconstructive method.
Optimal tracking control across erasure communication links in the presence of preview

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Consider two identical discrete‐time, finite‐dimensional, linear and time‐invariant systems denoted as the leader and the follower. The leader system is driven by a deterministic control input and by a zero‐mean white Gaussian process noise. In this paper, we address the problem of designing a networked control scheme for the follower system, which guarantees that the state of the follower system tracks the state of the leader system optimally, according to a mean‐squared cost. We adopt a networked control architecture featuring two erasure links and three design blocks: a controller acting on the follower system and two encoders, one at the output of each system. The controller has remote access to noisy measurements of the state of both systems via two erasure links that are used to connect each encoder to the controller. We consider erasure links whose erasure events occur according to a Bernoulli process. If an erasure occurs, then no information is transmitted; otherwise, a finite vector of real numbers is conveyed through the link. The purpose of the encoders is to process noisy measurements of the output of each system prior to transmission over the corresponding erasure link. While the encoder of the follower system has access to current measurements, the encoder of the leader system has access to measurements that are advanced in time by a finite time interval (also denoted as preview). This paper describes a methodology for the design of controller and encoders that are jointly optimal, with respect to optimal tracking of the leader system by the follower system. We also obtain explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a scheme that guarantees that the tracking error has finite second moment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONDITIONAL EXPECTATION FORMULAE FOR COPULAS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary Not only are copula functions joint distribution functions in their own right, they also provide a link between multivariate distributions and their lower‐dimensional marginal distributions. Copulas have a structure that allows us to characterize all possible multivariate distributions, and therefore they have the potential to be a very useful statistical tool. Although copulas can be traced back to 1959, there is still much scope for new results, as most of the early work was theoretical rather than practical. We focus on simple practical tools based on conditional expectation, because such tools are not widely available. When dealing with data sets in which the dependence throughout the sample is variable, we suggest that copula‐based regression curves may be more accurate predictors of specific outcomes than linear models. We derive simple conditional expectation formulae in terms of copulas and apply them to a combination of simulated and real data.
The Ever-Shifting Ground of Pretrial Detention Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past six decades, pretrial detention systems have undergone waves of reform. Despite these efforts, pretrial jail populations across the country continue to swell. The causes of such growth in jail populations are difficult to pinpoint, but some are more readily apparent: Fear over rising crime rates, judicial reluctance to release accused persons, and monetary burdens associated with release have all contributed to increased detention pretrial across criminal legal systems in the United States. This article examines various pretrial detention reform efforts and highlights the need for greater research in the area.
Travis County Cler Records: Marriage Record 10

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recorded copies of marriage licenses issued in Travis County from December 1897 to May 1900, showing license number, county in which issued, name of male; name of female; date issued; signature of county clerk; date of ceremony; name and title of individual performing ceremony; date returned; and recording certificate, showing date filed, date recorded, and signature of county clerk or deputy. Arranged chronologically by date recorded.
[EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia--differentiation from true thrombocytopenia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia is the phenomenon of in vitro platelet clumping due to autoantibodies that recognize platelet antigens modified by EDTA. The phenomenon is present in both healthy subjects and patients with various diseases and its incidence has been reported to be 0.09 to 0.21%. In the leukocyte histogram provided by automated cell counters, platelet clumps often appear as particles less than 35 fl. In order to confirm EDTA-induced platelet clumping, blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA are analyzed for platelet counts and leukocyte histograms immediately after withdrawal and 60 to 120 minutes later. EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia is diagnosed when platelet number decreases together with the characteristic leukocyte histogram and microscopic detection of platelet aggregates on the blood smear.
The 'Big Bang' of Dravidian kinship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is about the essential nature of transformations in Dravidian kinship systems as may be observed through a comparison of a few contemporary ethnographic examples. It is a sequel to an earlier article entitled ‘The Hill Madia of central India: early human kinship? ’ (Vaz 2010),1 in which I have described the structure of the Madia kinship system as based on a rule of
A High-Voltage-Compliant 86% Peak Efficiency Current-Mode Stimulator With Dynamic Voltage Supply for Implantable Medical Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article introduces a high-voltage (HV) compliant, energy-efficient current-mode stimulator featuring a proposed boost-based dynamic voltage supply (DVS) to minimize the voltage dropout. The stimulator employs an activate-on-demand asynchronous strategy, instructing the boost converter to generate the dynamically increased high voltage that tracks the electrode’s voltage drop, thus achieving a near-adiabatic stimulation. The strategy relies on measuring the boost’s varying voltage conversion ratio (VCR), which is facilitated by an 8-bit voltage ratio quantizer (VRQ) proposed in this article. Furthermore, the boost converter employs a low-power, fast-speed, HV gate driver (HVGD) to control its p-type power switch that connects the inductor to the HV output. This article also presents a dedicated digital circuit that generates the pulse signals for controlling the n-type power switch and the HVGD. This digital circuit is driven by a five-phase clock from a current-starved ring oscillator. A highly efficient rotationally symmetric level shifter is utilized for the ring oscillator’s output, translating its level and improving its rise/fall time. The boost converter reaches a peak efficiency of 90.2%, enabling the stimulator to achieve an end-to-end energy efficiency of up to 86% during a biphasic stimulation of 6 mA. The stimulator IC, fabricated using 0.18- µm bipolar-CMOS–DMOS (BCD) technology, occupies a compact area of 2.16 mm2. It exhibits low static power consumption at 1.78 µW , promising battery-powered implants with an extended lifetime and a reduced form factor.
A15 Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding nutrition labeling amongsupport staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding
nutrition labeling among support staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang. The study
location involved two faculties which are Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Faculty of Education
Studies. Data were collected in December 2007 using a questionnaire distributed to 100 subjects
chosen through systematic sampling. Results showed that 77 subjects comprising 37 men and 40
women responded to the questionnaire (response rate = 77%). The mean age of the respondents
was 36.1 ± 10.5 years while the mean monthly expenditure related to food was RM 516.20 ± 349.30.
Seventy-two (93.5 %) respondents had heard about nutrition labeling and more than half (87.0%)
acquired the information from television, followed by magazines (68.8%) and newspapers (55.8%).
More than three out of four respondents (76.6%) chose ‘aiding in food selection and purchase’ and
64.9% chose ‘providing useful information to consumers’ as what they understood about nutrition
labeling. The study found that the overall respondents’ knowledge on nutrition labeling was high
with a mean score of 76.9 ± 16.9%. In the attitude section, the respondents showed a positive
attitude towards nutrition labeling, with 88.3% of them scoring above 75%. Thirty-nine respondents
(50.6%) showed moderately good practice when purchasing food and reading nutrition labelswith a mean score of 78.2 ± 12.1%. Most respondents (88.3%) indicated that they will read nutrition
labels when purchasing a food product for the first time. The Pearson correlation test showed a
significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.597, p<0.01) and between knowledge
and practice (r=0.247, p<0.05) related to nutrition labeling. A significant correlation was also
found between respondents’ attitude and practice (r=0.432, p<0.01). However, there was no
significant correlation between monthly food expenditure and knowledge, attitude and practice
regarding nutrition labeling. Further, it was found that knowledge was dependent on education
level (c²=13.562, p=0.035) whereas attitude was dependent on ethnicity (c²=38.770, p=0.029), education
level (c²=105.325, p=0.000) and monthly income (c²=79.054, p=0.000). Overall, even though most
respondents attained high scores, there are still gaps in their knowledge, attitude and practice
regarding nutrition labeling, Therefore, efforts should be made to continue to promote nutrition
labeling to the consumers.
Anesthetic effects of varying doses of Fentanyl combined with spinal Bupivacaine in caesarean delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>Spinal opioids have gained popularity in recent years as they augment the analgesia produced by local anesthetics. Fentanyl is one of the opioids used for such purpose however the optimal dose has not been described adequately in the literature available so far in our setup. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of adding various doses of Fentanyl to low dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine intrathecally.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods</strong></p><p>Seventy-five parturients scheduled for caesarean delivery were randomly allocated into three groups (Bupivacaine-Fentanyl) BF10, BF20 and BF30 who received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine 1.6 ml with Fentanyl 10µg, 20 µg and 30 µg respectively. Total volume was made to 2.2ml by adding normal saline. The outcomes measured were peak sensory level, degree of motor block, quality of intraoperative anesthesia, duration of effective analgesia, neonatal APGAR score and side effects were noted if any.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Peak sensory level and degree of motor block was similar in all the groups. Peak sensory level (Thoracic Dermatome) was 4.52± 0.82, 4.32± 0.62 and 4.32± 0.74 (p=0.540) in BF10, BF20 and BF30 respectively. Degree of motor block was not significantly different (p=1.000). Quality of intraoperative anesthesia improved from BF10 to BF20 (P=0.040) but did not improve significantly from BF20 and BF30 (P=0.189). Duration of effective analgesia prolonged as the dose of Fentanyl increased which was in minutes 173.64±41, 216.80±32 and 273.16±35 (p=0.000) in BF10,BF20 and BF30 respectively. Neonatal APGAR scores were similar in all groups and very little adverse effects in higher doses.</p><p> <strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>The combination of 1.6 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 20 µg of Fentanyl intrathecally provides excellent surgical anesthesia, prolonged postoperative effective analgesia with very few side effects. Increasing the dose of Fentanyl beyond it could prolong the postoperative pain relief but at the cost of increased adverse effects.</p>
Effects of Chronic Ascariasis and Trichuriasis on Cytokine Production and Gene Expression in Human Blood: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Chronic soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are associated with effects on systemic immune responses that could be caused by alterations in immune homeostasis. To investigate this, we measured the impact in children of STH infections on cytokine responses and gene expression in unstimulated blood.Sixty children were classified as having chronic, light, or no STH infections. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in medium for 5 days to measure cytokine accumulation. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood and gene expression analysed using microarrays. Different infection groups were compared for the purpose of analysis: STH infection (combined chronic and light vs. uninfected groups) and chronic STH infection (chronic vs. combined light and uninfected groups). The chronic STH infection effect was associated with elevated production of GM-CSF (P=0.007), IL-2 (P=0.03), IL-5 (P=0.01), and IL-10 (P=0.01). Data reduction suggested that chronic infections were primarily associated with an immune phenotype characterized by elevated IL-5 and IL-10, typical of a modified Th2-like response. Chronic STH infections were associated with the up-regulation of genes associated with immune homeostasis (IDO, P=0.03; CCL23, P=0.008, HRK, P=0.005), down-regulation of microRNA hsa-let-7d (P=0.01) and differential regulation of several genes associated with granulocyte-mediated inflammation (IL-8, down-regulated, P=0.0002; RNASE2, up-regulated, P=0.009; RNASE3, up-regulated, p=0.03).Chronic STH infections were associated with a cytokine response indicative of a modified Th2 response. There was evidence that STH infections were associated with a pattern of gene expression suggestive of the induction of homeostatic mechanisms, the differential expression of several inflammatory genes and the down-regulation of microRNA has-let-7d. Effects on immune homeostasis and the development of a modified Th2 immune response during chronic STH infections could explain the systemic immunologic effects that have been associated with these infections such as impaired immune responses to vaccines and the suppression of inflammatory diseases.
Mechanisms and technologies for fostering the research and innovative capability in university teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effects of the “Unlocking Research & Innovative Capability” program for university teachers. A total of 80 teachers from the [BLINDED] University were enrolled. All participants were divided into groups based on their age and teaching experience. Data were collected via surveys. The proposed program was found to have different effects across groups. Young university teachers (28 to 35 years; teaching experience, 3 to 5 years) exhibited improvement in all research and innovative capability variables, ranging from 0.84 in Interdisciplinary Cooperation to 2.63 in Innovative Teaching. The same is true for early middle-aged university teachers (36 to 45 years; teaching experience, 5 to 10 years) who showed improvement ranging from 1.52 in Interdisciplinary Cooperation to 3.00 in Integration of Technology. Older middle-aged university teachers (46 to 55 years; teaching experience, 10 to 20 years) exhibited improvement in their Innovative Teaching, Research Practice, and Integration of Technology; yet, it did not exceed 1.85 points. Older university teachers (older than 56 years; teaching experience, 20 years) demonstrated minimal improvement in all dimensions. This study was conducted as part of governmental research on "Managing the Development of Research & Innovative Capability in the Research University Staff under the Participatory Management Model" launched by the RK Ministry of Education and Science (Project number: AR14872123). The study emphasizes the importance of empowering university teachers as key drivers of research, knowledge generation, and innovative teaching. The present findings can be used to cultivate a culture of innovation and research in academic institutions.