jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of parents/guardians of mentally retarded former state hospital residents toward current community placement.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parents/guardians of former state hospital mentally retarded residents were surveyed through a mailed questionnaire to determine their satisfaction with their child's/ward's current residential placement. The vast majority of parents (90.5%) indicated that they were satisfied with their child's community placement and, in fact, preferred it to that of a state hospital placement. This finding, taken with the results of two previous studies (in which investigators found that parents of currently institutionalized mentally retarded persons wanted their child to remain in a state hospital), suggests that parents prefer that their child remain in his or her current placement, whether in the community or a state hospital.
An Unusual Variant of Cerebellopontine Angle Schwannoma in a Young Nepalese Girl

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An unusual variant of cerebellopontine angle schwannomas is extremely rare. Histologically, the tumor has atypical changes misleading the diagnosis. We report 20-year-old Nepalese girl from far-eastern community presented with features of raised intracranial pressure and difficulty in walking. MR imaging revealed intensely contrast enhanced well defined huge solid tumor in right cerebellopontine angle region with foci of multiple cystic components. The tumor was displacing the brain stem structures with dilatation of lateral and third ventricles. The altered radiological finding made discrepancy diagnosis. Conventional angiography demonstrated major feeders from the auricular branch of the right external carotid artery. The tumor was embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles followed by gross total lateral suboccipital excision. Histopathology unit detailed it as ancient schwannoma with pleomorphic changes.
Energy efficient and sustainable ancient museum buildings: a case study in Florence

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Historical Bardini Museum in Florence is a representative paradigm of the Italian Museum Building, and it is very suitable to serve as an exemplary pilot project for the restoration of historical museums. This article presents results of the architectural and energy retrofitting carried out applying appropriate and strategic low-energy and sustainable techniques and of the monitoring campaign (IAQ, thermal comfort, light, acoustic) performed first to evaluate the existing situation and then to verify comfort parameters and the energy consumption after works. The Bardini Museum participates, as Italian case study, to the European MUSEUMS project, financed by EU Commission in the Fifth Framework Programme. The result of this project is to provide also with a direct guidance, complete with architectural and engineering examples, for design professionals and museum authorities, setting a new standard for energy consumption in museum buildings. In parallel, it has aimed to disseminate effective information for designers and local authorities and to demonstrate the efficiency of the measures in order to promote them in efficient market promotion, penetration and utilization.
Computer Simulation of Urea−Water Mixtures:  A Test of Force Field Parameters for Use in Biomolecular Simulation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A molecular model for urea to be used in conjunction with the simple point charge (SPC) model for liquid water in protein denaturation studies is validated by comparison of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results to experimental data at 298 K as a function of urea mole fraction. The density, enthalpy of mixing, free enthalpy of urea hydration, and urea diffusion show very good agreement with the experimental values. The experimental error in the free enthalpy of hydration, which is dominated by the inaccuracy of the vapor pressure of solid urea, is larger than the simulation error. This limited accuracy does not allow a check of the nonideality of the solution. Free enthalpies have been obtained by thermodynamic integration. The importance of a correct use of the combinatorial factor in the partition function when interpreting simulation results obtained by thermodynamic integration is discussed. The tested, GROMOS96 compatible, force field parameters form a good basis for biomolecular simulations using urea−water mixtures.
The medial forebrain bundle of the rat. I. General introduction

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This paper is the first of a projected series of studies on the strcture and composition of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rat and the relations of this fiber system to its bed nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area. The first part of the paper comprises an extensive review of literature on the MFB from its discovery by Ganser in 1882 to the present. This review serves as the basis for an evalution of our present‐day knowledge of the organization of the MFB, which is presented in the second part of this paper. Despite the wealth of information available on the origins and sites of termination of the axons that constitute the MFB, surprisingly little attention has been given to the bundle itself, to its topographic boundaries, its fiber composition, or to the spatial arrangement of its constituent components. These features of the MFB as it extends through the lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas have been analyzed in normal Klüver‐Barrera‐ and Bodian‐stained material. From this analysis, a detailed atlas of the MFB and some of the surrounding structures has been prepared. This atlas, which forms the third section of this paper, illustrates the appearance and organization of the MFB at ten equidistant levels through the lateral preoptic and lateral hypothalamic continuum.
The memory space: Exploring future uses of Web 2.0 and mobile internet through design interventions.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

New digital media offers use many opportunities to record, organise and review our activities, communications and thoughts. Much of this activity is conceived of in terms of ‘real-time’ communication, or abstract, disembodied information access. However, we propose that Web2.0 and personal mobile media are having important implications for collective memory practices. We need to understand how this is happening, and how ICT can design to support memory practices within the context of particular of communities and localities. This paper explores experiments with a ‘Memory Space’, concentrating on imagining the future of The Conference, and building and testing a tool to make the intense, and multilayered experience of conferences more productive and reorienting. It particularly taps in to the use of place and space as key elements in producing and linking to memories of encounters and ideas. It suggests new ways to record and access informal conversations and encounters using mobile messaging, social networking, text, images, voice and video, and linking these with the formal and informal physical spaces of conferences using the web, GPS, and mobile phone interfaces, creating a much richer record of a conference than formal Proceedings and private memories.
Low-energy singlet sector in spin- 1 J1-J2 Heisenberg model on square lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on a special variant of plaquette expansion, an operator is constructed whose eigenvalues give the low-energy singlet spectrum of spin-$\frac12$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on square lattice with nearest- and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor exchange couplings $J_1$ and $J_2$. It is well known that a non-magnetic phase arises in this model at $0.4\lesssim J_2/J_1\lesssim 0.6$ sandwiched by two Neel ordered phases. In agreement with previous results, we observe a first-order quantum phase transition (QPT) at $J_2\approx 0.64J_1$ from the non-magnetic phase to the Neel one. Large gap ($\gtrsim0.4J_1$) is found in the singlet spectrum at $J_2<0.64J_1$ that excludes a gapless spin-liquid state at $0.4\lesssim J_2/J_1\lesssim 0.6$ and the deconfined quantum criticality scenario for the QPT to another Neel phase. We observe a first-order QPT at $J_2\approx 0.55J_1$ presumably between two non-magnetic phases.
The Partisan Child: Developmental Provocation as a Model of Political Socialization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While recent research highlights the child's active role in her own political socialization, this study represents the first test of the premise that political identification proceeds as adolescents prompt feedback from parents. I propose a model of developmental provocation in which adolescents' interest in an election campaign, once stimulated by news media use, motivates them to engage parents in political conversations. By initiating discussion, adolescents can generate information from parents as a basis for comparison, contrast, reflection, and debate—all of these activities might foster party and ideological identity. Results from survey panel data support the model. The field setting is Lubbock, Texas, during the final weeks of the 2000 presidential campaign. The stunning aftermath of the election, including the dispute over ballot recounts in Florida, provided a unique opportunity to examine political socialization. Child-initiated discussion generated both parental encouragement and defensive admonitions, reflecting structural changes in family communication patterns. Despite controls for demographics and parent-initiated discussion, child-initiated conversation and the resulting feedback predicted an increase in the likelihood that an adolescent would adopt a political identity.
IX.—On the Geology of the Færöe Islands

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper I give an account of observations made during a visit in 1879 to the Færöe Islands in company with my friend Mr Amund Helland of Christiania. The principal object of our journey was to examine the glacial phenomena of the islands, but we studied so far as we could the various rockmasses of which the group is composed, and constructed a geological sketchmap to show the line of outcrop of coal, the disposition of the strata, the direction of dykes, and the trend of the glaciation. I have only to add, that all the observations recorded in the following pages were made in concert with my friend, and I am glad to say that we were quite at one in our general conclusions.
Phenotypic response and adaptation of Candida species to boric acid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis ('yeast infection') and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, though the incidence of non-albicans yeast species is increasing. The azole fluconazole is the primary antifungal drug used to treat R/VVC yet isolates from some species have intrinsic resistance to fluconazole, and recurrent infection can occur even with fluconazole-susceptible populations. The second-line broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug, boric acid, is an alternative treatment that has been found to successfully treat complicated VVC infections. Far less is known about how boric acid inhibits growth of yeast isolates in different morphologies compared to fluconazole and about the propensity of C. albicans to develop BA resistance or tolerance (the ability of a subpopulation to grow slowly in high levels of drug). We found significant differences in drug resistance and drug tolerance between C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis isolates, with the specific relationships dependent on both drug and phenotype. Population-level variation for both susceptibility and tolerance was broader for fluconazole than boric acid in all species. Unlike fluconazole, which neither prevented hyphal formation nor disrupted mature biofilms, boric acid inhibited C. albicans hyphal formation and reduced mature biofilm biomass and metabolic activity in all isolates in a dose-dependent manner. Variation in planktonic response did not generally predict biofilm phenotypes. We also evolved 12 replicates from eight different C. albicans isolates to BA to examine whether resistance and/or tolerance to BA would evolve. Surprisingly, evolved isolates became less resistant yet more tolerant to BA. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that boric acid is effective at inhibiting planktonic and biofilm Candida cells, and that boric acid tolerance is evolvable. These results give us important baseline information about how boric acid works, that we can use in future studies on females with vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Effects of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate on obesity‐induced systemic inflammation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Objectives Phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables have been shown to reduce systemic inflammation. This study examined the effects of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate on risk factors for chronic disease in overweight and obese adults. Methods A double‐blinded, parallel, randomised placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in 56 adults aged ≥40 years, with BMI ≥28 kg/m 2 . Before and after 8 weeks daily treatment with 6 capsules of fruit and vegetable juice concentrate or placebo, peripheral blood gene expression (microarray and qPCR), plasma TNFα (ELISA), plasma carotenoids (HPLC), body composition (DEXA), HbA1c, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. Results Total carotenoids (0.73mg/L (week 0) versus 0.85mg/L (week 8), p=0.017) and β‐carotene (0.11mg/L versus 0.16mg/L, p<0.0001) were significantly increased in plasma following consumption of the juice concentrate. Correspondingly, total cholesterol (5.70mmol/L versus 5.50mmol/L, p=0.015), LDL cholesterol (3.63mmol/L versus 3.50mmol/L, p=0.032), plasma TNF‐α (1.04pg/mL versus 1.02pg/mL, p=0.037) and systolic blood pressure (131.7mmHg versus 125.9mmHg, p=0.005) were decreased and total lean mass (49.3kg versus 50.0kg, p=0.018) was increased following supplementation with the juice concentrate. Between group differences were observed for plasma total carotenoids, lycopene and β‐carotene. Gene expression of various signalling pathways was altered, including 3 genes involved in lipogenesis, 10 NF‐kB associated genes and 2 AMPK associated genes. Conclusions Systemic inflammation, blood lipids and body composition were improved in obese individuals following an 8 week intervention with an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate. Hence, this supplement may provide a useful strategy for reducing the risk of obesity‐induced chronic disease. Support or Funding Information Financially supported by research grant from NSA, LLC (Collierville, TN).
Effect of charge carrier blocking layers on poling nonlinear optic polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In our previous work we demonstrated a 3X increase in the nonlinearity, or electro-optic (EO) coefficient of the nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer disperse red 1:Polymethylmethacrylate (DR1: PMMA) by introducing a thin guanine nucleobase interfacial buffer layer, deposited between the NLO polymer and the cathode and a thin bathocuproine (BCP) interfacial buffer layer, deposited between the NLO polymer and the anode, being poled at 100 V/μm. In addition, we observed a 40% increase in EO coefficient by depositing either a thin sol-gel derived titanium dioxide layer or a thin guanine layer on either the anode or cathode side of the structure, poling at 100 V/μm. This paper addresses our analysis of these differences and is based on surface resistance.
The evolution of predator avoidance in cephalopods: A case of brain over brawn?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Predation is a major evolutionary driver of animal adaptation. However, understanding of anti-predator evolution is biased toward vertebrate taxa. Cephalopoda, a class in the invertebrate phylum Mollusca, are known for their diverse anti-predator strategies, characterised by their behavioural flexibility. While ancestral cephalopods were protected by a hard outer shell, extant cephalopods have greatly reduced their reliance on physical defences. Instead, cephalopods have evolved highly developed senses to identify potential threats, cryptic skin patterns to avoid detection, startle responses to deter attack, and elaborate means of escape. While cephalopod anti-predator repertoires are relatively well described, their evolution, and the selective pressures that shaped them, have received much less attention. This is despite their potential relevance, in turn, to elucidate evolution of the remarkable cognitive abilities of cephalopods. Here, we review cephalopod anti-predator evolution, considering four key aspects: (i) shell reduction and loss; (ii) the skin patterning system; (iii) the ecological context accompanying the evolution of advanced cognit.ive abilities; (iv) why the evolutionary trajectory taken by cephalopods is so unique among invertebrates. In doing so, we consider the unique physiology of cephalopods and discuss how this may have constrained or aided the development of their anti-predator repertoire. In particular, cephalopods are poorly equipped to defend themselves physically and escape predation by fish, due to a lack of comparable weaponry or musculature. We argue that this may have selected for alternative forms of defence, driving an evolutionary trajectory favouring crypsis and complex behaviours, and the promotion of sensory and cognitive adaptations. Unravelling the complexities of cephalopod anti-predator evolution remains challenging. However, recent technological developments available for cephalopod field and laboratory studies, coupled with new genomic data and analysis approaches, offer great scope to generate novel insights.
Design and development of soft x-ray diagnostics based on GEM detectors at IPPLM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The search for new technologies in the field of plasma diagnostics entails the increasing demands on the radiative stability of the used materials due to development and usage of fusion facilities, where the study of processes occurring during the interaction of radiation with matter has become particularly important. Currently, a new X-ray imaging detection technology is required for tokamaks such as ITER. X-ray detectors that are being used in existing equipment may rapidly degrade due to large neutron fluxes characteristic for the tokamak environment. Despite the relatively wide use of semiconductor detectors to record SXR radiation (generally ionizing radiation), gas detectors are promising candidates that are suited much better for use in future fusion reactors given their resistance to neutron radiation. The most promising representative of the new gas detector class is the so called Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), which is characterized by high amplification factor of the primary charge that is originated from photon absorption. Its main advantages are the compactness of the detector, good temporal and spatial resolutions, the ability to discriminate against photon energy and better neutron resistance compared to existing systems. All this makes such a detection system a potentially better candidate for soft X-ray measurements in the ITER and DEMO reactors. In this work, a new type of detection system based on GEM technology was proposed for soft X-ray measurements in the ITER reactor-oriented research, which is being developed at IPPLM.
Periodontal status after autologous tooth transplantation (ATT) of premolars and wisdom teeth

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study explored the clinical and radiological outcomes after autologous premolar and wisdom tooth transplantation, with a focus on periodontal status. A systematic search was conducted using all relevant databases up to April 5, 2024. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a) human participants, b) a sample size of at least five autotransplanted teeth, c) molar or premolar transplants, d) English language use, and e) at least 1 year of follow-up. The following parameters were assessed: probing pocket depth, recession, tooth mobility, ankylosis, bone level, and tooth loss. Our search identified 466 records, and after our selection process, 25 articles were suitable for analysis, with a total of 3732 teeth (569 premolars and 350 molars) with a mean follow-up duration of 6.1 years. The 10-year survival rate of autologous tooth transplants ranged from 33.8% to 100%, and the mean complication rates of root resorption and ankylosis were 8.9% (13 studies) and 14.0% (10 studies), respectively. Periodontal complications such as periradicular radiolucency, periodontal defects, and attachment loss occurred in less than 10% of patients. The premolars exhibited superior clinical and radiological outcomes compared with the molars. In conclusion, the survival rate and periodontal status after autologous tooth transplantation (ATT) of premolars and molars were consistent with those of traditional dental implants. Therefore, autotransplantation may be considered in cases where dental implants are indicated. As specific reports on periodontal complications are scarce, further research is warranted to identify the specific factors associated with periodontal complications in autologous transplant recipients.
Table1_Gendered Body Mass and Life Satisfaction Among Youth in Three Western European Immigrant-Receiving Countries.pdf

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>In this study we aim to show distinctive patterns of the association between body weight and life satisfaction for adolescent boys and girls, respectively. We understand such patterns by bringing multiple mediating factors into one theoretical framework centred on normative perceptions. By drawing data from the first wave of the CILS4EU that captures 14–15-year-olds in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, findings show that psychological factors, indicated by self-esteem and mental state, explain the association between BMI and life dissatisfaction substantially, for both boys and girls. Relationships with parents (particularly among boys) and relationships with peers (particularly among girls) also play significant roles. Moreover, the association between being underweight and life satisfaction among girls varies across ethno-racial groups. Girls originating from Eastern Europe have a tendency to gain more life satisfaction when being underweight, whereas girls rooted in Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean countries display consistently low levels of life satisfaction when being underweight.</p>
The Effect of Leflunomide on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of Leflunomide (LEF) on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Methods Colon cancer cell line SW620 was treated with solutions of LEF (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 靏/ml ) and cultured in varied duration of time(24 h,48 h,72 h). The cell proliferation index and cell cycle were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, and apoptosis of the SW260 cells was detected by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Results LEF inhibited cell proliferation when the concentration was40 靏/ml, while at a lower concentration (5 靏/ml)LEF slightly stimulated cell proliferation instead. Conclusion LEF inhibits proliferation of the SW620 cells and enhances apoptosis. It might be useful in treating certain patients with colon cancer.