jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Entanglement Purification with Quantum LDPC Codes and Iterative Decoding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent constructions of quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes provide optimal scaling of the number of logical qubits and the minimum distance in terms of the code length, thereby opening the door to fault-tolerant quantum systems with minimal resource overhead. However, the hardware path from nearest-neighbor-connection-based topological codes to long-range-interaction-demanding QLDPC codes is a challenging one. Given the practical difficulty in building a monolithic architecture for quantum computers based on optimal QLDPC codes, it is worth considering a distributed implementation of such codes over a network of interconnected quantum processors. In such a setting, all syndrome measurements and logical operations must be performed using high-fidelity shared entangled states between the processing nodes. Since probabilistic many-to-1 distillation schemes for purifying entanglement are inefficient, we investigate quantum error correction based entanglement purification in this work. Specifically, we employ QLDPC codes to distill GHZ states, as the resulting high-fidelity logical GHZ states can interact directly with the code used to perform distributed quantum computing (DQC), e.g. for fault-tolerant Steane syndrome extraction. This protocol is applicable beyond DQC since entanglement purification is a quintessential task of any quantum network. We use the min-sum algorithm (MSA) based iterative decoder for distilling $3$-qubit GHZ states using a rate $0.118$ family of lifted product QLDPC codes and obtain an input threshold of $\approx 0.7974$ under i.i.d. single-qubit depolarizing noise. This represents the best threshold for a yield of $0.118$ for any GHZ purification protocol. Our results apply to larger size GHZ states as well, where we extend our technical result about a measurement property of $3$-qubit GHZ states to construct a scalable GHZ purification protocol.
Private Information, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Not all international capital flows influence exchange rates equally. Capital flows induced by foreign investors’ transactions in local stock markets have an impact on exchange rates that is economically significant and permanent, whereas capital flows induced by investors’ transactions in local government bond markets do not. The differences in price impacts are related to differences in the amounts of private information conveyed by these flows. Our findings are based on daily-frequency data on all transactions undertaken by foreign investors in the stock, bond, and onshore FX markets of Thailand over a period of nearly two years.
Late DNA replication in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) chromosomes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A study of the pattern of late DNA replication in rhesus monkey chromosomes showed evident similarities with man. This must be a consequence of the evolutionary conservation of replication patterns in primate chromosomes, as it has been demonstrated in the great apes, in Cebus, and man. However, the pattern of late replication of the allocyclic X chromosome in lymphocytes of female rhesus monkey was identical with the fibroblast pattern in man, and with the pattern found in only 5 to 20% of human lymphocytes.
PARTIAL NEUROPROTECTION TO OXIDATIVE STRESS BY SELECTIVE ANTIOXIDANTS IN CULTURE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

S523 Ischemic episodes during surgery can initiate pathological processes in the CNS that may result in immediate or delayed neurodegeneration and clinical deficits. Some of this ischemic damage, especially long term, may be mediated by oxidative stress that produces reactive oxidative species (ROS). Previous work has demonstrated that ROS may be involved in the early, but not late phase of neuronal death. Endogenous levels of enzymes such as CuZn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the gene Bcl-2 and other intracellular pathways, can regulate the neurotoxic effects of ROS. In addition, these elevated levels of ROS may interact differently with specific groups of neurons in the CNS depending on factors such as their basal metabolic rate, receptors or expressed level of relevant peptides. Since many of the neurotoxicity studies have indicated a role of glutamate, we used a homogeneous neuronal cultures that express glutamate receptors as a model. Within this system, the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants on exogenous added ROS were investigated. NT2 neuronal cells derived from a human teratocarcinoma were grown in culture (Optimem +5% FBS and gentamicin) in either 24 or 96 well plates at an initial density of 300 cells/well. After six days, the media were removed and replaced with media containing between 0.005% and 1.5% H2 O2 and either 0, 10 [micro sign]M, 1 [micro sign]M, 100 nM or 10 nM of one of three antioxidants, DPPD, buthionine sulfoximine (BS) or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Fluorescent DNA binding and a cell membrane permeability were used to assay for cell growth and viability on days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 following treatment. Drug effects were compared to control levels of cultures without H2 O2 or antioxidants. The data were examined by ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis. There was a significant effect of H2 O2 alone on the NT2 cells. Some reduction in cell viability and proliferation were evident on day 1, but the major effects were seen at 3 days and persisted until the last day of observation, day 10, following treatment. This effect was clearly dose related. All three antioxidants were effective in significantly reducing neuronal death in the 1-10 [micro sign]M range with the potency being DPPD>BS>NAC. There was a strong relationship between H2 O2 levels and the ability of the three antioxidants to reduce the neurotoxic effects. The data strongly suggest that a wide range of antioxidants are able to function as scavengers of ROS and to confer a certain level of neuroprotection to cells in culture for extended lengths of time. Since this protective process was evident for over a period of 10 days, it appears that antioxidants are able to interfere with the delayed neurotoxicity associated with apoptosis that is initiated by H2 O2 treatment. This finding may be of clinical significance for those patients at high risk for ischemic changes in the CNS during particular surgical procedures.
The 15th Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This year, more than 700 participants attended this symposium, which is organized annually by the HIV Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT) to provide a comprehensive update on issues related to both adult and pediatric HIV regionally and globally. It comprises plenary sessions, parallel workshops including cases with e-voting, and a popular and entertaining debate. This year, plenary sessions included topics such as Treatment 2.0, HIV eradication, resistance testing in Asia, pre-antiretroviral therapy care, complications in children, TB, acute HIV, HIV and aging and new antiretroviral therapies. This article summarizes some of the particularly relevant plenary sessions.
The Biology of Bittacus Stigmaterus Say (Mecoptera, Bittacusidæ).*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus <it>Bittacus</it> was erected in 1807 by Latreille in <it>Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum</it>, for two European species, <it>italica</it> Muller and <it>tipularia</it> Linn., both of which had been formerly placed in the genus <it>Panorpa</it>. In 1823 the first American species of the new genus was described by Say in the <it>Western Quarterly Reporter</it>. This was <it>Bittacus stigmaterus</it>, the species to be considered in the present paper.
Studies on Chemical Constituents of Rhizophora stylosa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective:To study the chemical constituents of Rhizophora stylosa.Method:The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatograph and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograph.Their structures were elucidated through their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis such as 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and FT-IR.Result: Eight compounds were isolated from R.stylosa,they were identified as β-amyrin(1),stigmasterol(2),betulinic acid(3),daucosterol(4),rutin(5),D-mannitol(6) and sixty alkyne(7).Conclusion: Compounds 1,2,3,6 and 7 were isolated from the plant for the first time.
UAV’s recognition of its route through image recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to implement a method to allow delivery UAV/drones to recognise their path and stay on them. This is to lessen the probability any possible accidents given real time obstacles like flora and fauna or even other drones, essentially ensuring safety. It also ensures that the drones get to their destination to deliver its package and back. The proposed model is to do image recognition of the drone’s route. This can be done through the implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN). The data comprises of images from forest trail [1]. There are 3 classes namely for the drone to turn right (TR), turn left (TL) or go straight (GS). Based on the images the CNN will be able to classify the images into their respective classes. The model created was able to correctly classify about 90% of the images in only 10 cycles. This performance is comparable to that of human recognition of the images. This model can then be used to detect real time videos or images to keep the drone in its programmed path of travel. Further improvements can still be made to make sure the classification can be as accurate as possible. This model or similar ones could also be a stepping stone for further advancement in autonomous drone delivery of packages. They application might be slightly different from a forest trail to high rise buildings. Certain tweaks have to be made. They could be coupled with specific building constructions, GPS, sensors, etc. The possibility of autonomous drone delivery can come into reality very soon and hopefully in Singapore as well.
Haemangiosarcomatosis: Two Cases Presenting as Haematological Problems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The attitude of the medical profession in this country against circumcision has hardened in recent years, so much so that sincere and reasonable requests by the parents are sometimes turned down, which may cause distress and result in the mother canvassing other doctors or hospitals in search of a willing surgeon. The parents' desire for their baby to be cir cumcised may be based on firmly held beliefs concerning hygiene, national or religious convictions, or a desire for con formity among the males of the family. Our policy in such cases is to perform the operation if the parents still request it after a frank discussion of the medical viewpoint. Summary
Lung Hyperinflation Is Associated with Pulmonary Exacerbations in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV1) has traditionally been used as a readily available marker of health in adult cystic fibrosis (CF). However, due to the obstructive nature of this disease, it is possible that lung hyperinflation could be more closely related to disease severity than is FEV1. The purpose of this study was to determine if hyperinflation is more closely associated with quality of life, functional status, and pulmonary exacerbations than FEV1 in patients with CF. Methods: Sixty-eight adult patients with CF were evaluated in this retrospective study. We used IC and functional residual capacity (FRC) and their ratios to total lung capacity (TLC) as measures of lung hyperinflation. We used bivariate correlations and backwards regression analysis to assess possible associations between FEV1, lung hyperinflation, and measures of disease severity including questionnaire based quality of life, pulmonary exacerbation frequency, and mortality. The respiratory component of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire–Revised (CRQ-R-Respiratory) was used as a measure of quality of life. Results: Both FEV1 and IC were negatively correlated with pulmonary exacerbations over a 3 year period (p = 0.004, r2 = 0.127; p Conclusions: FEV1 and lung hyperinflation-as measured by IC and FRC/TLC-are both associated with pulmonary exacerbation frequency. This suggests that chronic dynamic hyperinflation contributes significantly to disease severity in adult cystic fibrosis.
Equity of Experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines some of the issues encountered by academics while developing online delivery of the Master of Information Management (MIM) program at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. RMIT is a multi-campus university of technology and design founded in the 1880s as a “working man's college” and now operating in a global environment. This global context, along with the challenges confronting Australian higher education and professional training, means that considering the issues arising from the design, development, and delivery of non-traditional delivery modes, such as the online environment, is essential in the quest to provide sustainable quality education. The experience of the educators involved in developing the MIM program may assist others in creating similar programs and provide insights into issues associated with implementing best practice for online instruction.
[New oral hypoglycemic drugs in diabetic kidney disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

New antidiabetic drugs let optimize the treatment of diabetes. In clinical practice the use of glitazone, incretin drugs (including GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors) or glucose-2-cotransporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors is increased. The potential use of these drugs in patients with renal insufficiency is limited both to impaired renal function (and the associated risk of drug or metabolite accumulation in the body), and due to limited clinical data assessing the safety of their use in this group of patients. However, previous experience has allowed us to formulate recommendations for the use of some of the new antidiabetic agents in patients with renal impairment. This provides an opportunity to improve the management of diabetes mellitus and to reduce the complications associated with diabetes (especially cardiovascular disease) in diabetic patients with renal disease.
Conclusion: Communist politics in the Weimar Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The streetfighting of the Depression years was one consequence of a shift in the bases of working class and popular politics. The changes were both material and organizational; new kinds of political movements appeared as the economic and social structures through which the old ones had operated broke down. The migration of working-class radicalism from the workplace to the neighbourhood was a function equally of the effects of employment patterns and the beginnings of the welfare state on the way collective interests were structured and perceived and of the specific politics of the radical working-class party, the KPD. The terror of the SA, as one of a whole range of grievances peculiar to the neighbourhood and a threat specifically directed against working-class radicalism, evoked a response with the weapons familiar to the neighbourhood. There the active use of physical force, by bailiffs, policemen, ‘criminals’ and ordinary people was a form in which power was commonly exercised; and violence gained in importance as the Depression diminished the workers' capacity to participate in the cash nexus.
Phenology of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in a transition area between the cerrado and the Amazon region in Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phenology of bees in a transition area between the Cerrado and the Amazon in the Bico-do-Papagaio region, in the State of Tocantins, Brazil, was studied monthly from November 1999 to November 2000. The 83 species collected were distributed over the year, and 61.45% occurred in both the rainy and dry periods, while 19.28% only occurred in the rainy or the dry period, respectively. The number of individuals captured was 54.37% in the dry period and 45.63% in the rainy period. Bee foraging activity during the day was greater in the morning (53.18%), than in the afternoon (46.82%). The times of greater activity were from 07:01 to 12:00 hours and from 13:01 to 17:00 hours, particularly during the intervals from 09:00 to 11:00 and from 13:00 to 16:00 hours.
La verosimilitud y el pragmatismo en los relatos de la prensa gráfica sobre la política

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In my present doctoral research on emergency and fall of leaders of the Justicialista Party of Salta (Argentina), I observe accounts of the graphic press that describe events of the political dynamics taking into descriptions gossip, rumors and confidences obtained from interactions mediated by the trust and intimacy with leaders, civil servants and workers close to local leaders. Although those rumours and confidences cannot be verified, the credibility of the information, for writers and journalists, is also supported by trust. However, the analysis and interpretation of the information construct veracity from the verisimilitude . The proximity of the description with that dominant view that considers politics as an activity devoid of values, whose pragmatism contrasts with the politics of ideals, allows to achieve such verisimilitude. Thus, the most effective descriptions in the valuation of the political calcullation, strategy and interests of those who are involved - with evidences of political gestures in solidarity to that estimate - would be the closest to the ‘real’ facts. However, this adjustments of interests over values offers a direction when considering these accounts as sources, because it overshadows those moral orientations which, as other studies indicate, would be very spread among the leaders of peronismo.
Characterization of three mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from urban soils of Hanoi, Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We characterized mosquito larvicidal activities associated with the three Vietnamese Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates designated V-61-25 (H34, serovar konkukian), V-88-47 (H21, serovar colmeri), and. V-93-38 (H34, serovar konkukiari). Spore/parasporal inclusion mixtures of the three isolates induced significant larval mortalities against three species of the mosquito; Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex pipiens molestus and the moth-fly, Telmatoscopus albipunctatus. In particular, V-93-38 exhibited high mosquitocidal activities, comparable to that of the reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis (H14). The activities of the two other isolates were 25-50 times lower than that of V-93-38, when tested on Ae. aegypti. The isolate V-93-38 differed from the israelensis strain in lacking the gene cry4A, although certain similarities were evident between the two in SDS-PAGE profiles of solubilized parasporal proteins and in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests.
Compatibility Analysis of Construction and Demolished Waste in the Modern Era of Sustainable Road Infrastructure

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Construction waste is becoming a problem day by day, with ever changing human needs, architecture styles; wear 'n tear and many other reasons. Rapid industrial development and disregard towards the environmental health of our surroundings will bring a gift of heaps of excessive waste for the coming generations. Recycling, recovering and reusing being the need of the current scenario due to the lack of spaces for putting waste away in form of landfills. This paper focuses on the possibilities of using building material for the next construction using recycled, reused or reclaimed construction waste. Recycled material such gravel, sand, soil, Wood, brick masonry, concrete, metal, bitumen and others; can be used by various methods, which has been found to have the highest energy saving potential. The Present study has made an attempt to understand the change in the physical and engineering properties of Crushed Stone Aggregates, Gravels, Concrete Aggregates, Demolished waste and Mortar and brick workwaste.
Phylogenetic relationships among western Atlantic representatives of Pilumnus Leach, 1816 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pilumnidae) based on molecular markers, with comments on biogeography

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pilumnus is a highly speciose brachyuran crab genus distributed in tropical and temperate oceans. Previous systematic studies of the genus have revealed a high degree of uncertainty as to phylogenetic relationships. This is particularly evident among western Atlantic representatives, which have never been examined comprehensively from a phylogenetic perspective. A comparative molecular phylogenetic analysis of Pilumnus from the western Atlantic was conducted using mitochondrial sequences of the 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I genes. Sequences for 14 species from the western Atlantic were generated, included in the analyses, and compared to sequences of congeners from other biogeographic regions. Phylogenetic hypotheses including divergence time data were derived, genetic distances were calculated, and species delimitation methods were applied. Our results reveal that these taxa represent two distinct lineages that do not reflect modern geography in their distributions. The phylogenetic reconstruction identified two separate lineages presently treated under P. reticulatus , and species delimitation methods suggested that they may correspond to two separate species. Similarly, delimitation analyses indicated that an accessed specimen phylogenetically close to P. lacteus may represent an undescribed species. The results evince the importance of molecular phylogenetic studies in comprehending the evolutionary and biogeographic patterns that characterise the marine decapod biota.
Pharmacological mechanisms in the cardiovascular effects of DCLHb, a hemoglobin based blood substitute

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The search for a clinically useful blood substitute has been stimulated by the inherent\\nlimitations of the homologous blood transfusion system, particularly its sufficiency, safety and\\ncosts. Blood has been described as the "most complicated fluid in animals" (Winslow, 1992).\\nAn attempt to forulUlate a blood substitute is misguided because blood is composed of a complex\\nmixture of fluids, cells, salts, proteins and numerous other molecules having various functions\\nand characteristics. The hemorrhage or loss of blood foremost results in a hypovolemic state and\\nultimately leads to depletion of oxygen delivering capability (Dracker, 1995).\\nBiologically significant hemorrhage may be defined as a blood loss sufficient to impair\\noxygen transport (Shoemaker et al., 1973; Bassin et al., 1971; Hauser and Shoemaker, 1982).\\nThe major physiological effect of hemorrhage is anemia and hypovolemia leading to drastic\\naIterations in blood flow to the vital organ systems (Prough et al., 1991). The persistent\\nhypoperfusion to organ systems is responsible for ultimate organ failure even after reperfusion\\n(Knaus et al., 1985). The infusion of large volume of Ringer\\'s lactate in the resuscitation of\\nhemorrhaged patients is associated with several disadvantages. In addition, problems associated\\nwith blood transfusion necessitate the development of an alternative resuscitative solution which\\ncan be administered in small volumes and is effective in combating the comprom.ised\\nhemodynamics. Haemoglobin-based blood substitutes (oxygen carriers) have been proposed to\\nbe effective in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.\\nThe major categories of blood substitutes include the (I) perfluorocarbon solutions and (2)\\nhaemoglobin based compounds.