jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Illuminating opposing performance effects of stressors in innovation teams

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Despite the clear relevance of stressors for the creative work performed by individuals, how they affect teams in their ability to innovate is poorly understood. Thus, the question as to what kind of, and by which mechanisms, team stressors may give rise to better innovation team performance needs further consideration. We address this issue by applying the challenge–hindrance stressor framework to the team level of analysis in the context of innovation teams. By integrating insights from social identity theory and the attentional focus model, we highlight the importance of identity‐ and information‐based mechanisms in transmitting the differential effects of challenge and hindrance team stressors on the performance of innovation teams. We test our arguments for two of the most prominent indicators of innovation team performance (i.e., team creativity and team efficiency) in a multi‐informant sample of team members, team‐internal leaders, and team‐external managers from 114 innovation teams. Our findings support the opposing effects of challenge and hindrance team stressors in predicting innovation team performance through the two differential mechanisms. Specifically, for team efficiency, both team stressors come with the cost of team task conflict (i.e., the information‐based mechanism). However, whereas challenge team stressors enhance collective team identification (i.e., the identity‐based mechanism), hindrance team stressors undermine collective team identification, thereby aggravating their already negative effect on team efficiency. In terms of team creativity, our results suggest that both types of team stressors exert their indirect effects solely via the identity‐based mechanism. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Agribusiness indicators: Zambia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Agriculture and agribusiness play an important role in the Zambian economy, contributing around 20 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in recent years and about 12 percent of national export earnings. Agriculture employs nearly 70 percent of the labor force and remains the main source of income and employment for most of the people living in rural areas. The objective of the Zambia agribusiness indicators (ABI) country report is to examine factors that have affected agricultural productivity, market access, and the policy environment for agriculture in Zambia. This report presents findings of a data collection exercise carried out to compile a set of pilot ABI for Zambia. The pilot indicators presented are based on a review of the literature, government statistical bulletins, and primary interviews in the seed, fertilizer, mechanization, agricultural finance, and transport subsectors. The resulting indicators are presented in matrix form, together with notes indicating the specific data source (or sources) used for each indicator. A set of questionnaires was developed for this part of the exercise based on guidelines. Perception indicators on the quality of road infrastructure and other transport sector issues were added to supplement the checklist guidelines. The anticipated impact of the presentation of country performances will be to raise the competitiveness of African agriculture by bringing into sharper focus measures of how individual countries are transitioning towards a more commercial agriculture. This report consists of following seven chapters: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two presents access to and use of improved seed; chapter three focuses on fertilizer access and availability; chapter four focuses on access to farm machinery and tractor hire services; chapter five presents access to agricultural and agri-enterprise finance; chapter six gives cost and efficiency of transport in Zambia; and chapter seven presents policy and enabling environment for agribusiness development.
Barricading U.S. Borders Against a Devastating Disease

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASEDULLES AIRPORT, VIRGINIA-- U.S. officials are stepping up efforts to keep out foot-and-mouth disease, which infects all cloven-hoofed animals and is one of the most contagious diseases on Earth. But given the global economics of modern farming, in which the direct and indirect costs of vaccines often make it cheaper to stamp out disease outbreaks than to prevent them, some experts believe it is only a matter of time until the virus reaches the United States.
Hormonal Changes after R-CHOP Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: There is a lack of data regarding hormonal metabolic abnormalities resulting from the R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone), a commonly used chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study aimed to determine the incidence of hormonal and metabolic changes after R-CHOP therapy. Methods and Methods: This prospective cohort study initially included 17 DLBCL patients. Hormonal tests, including gonadal function, thyroid function, and ACTH stimulation tests for cortisol and metabolic markers, were performed before the 1st and after the 5th cycle of R-CHOP. The paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 17 patients, two died before the last follow-up, and 15 completed the study. LH levels were significantly higher in males after the 5th cycle (p = 0.04), while no significant changes were observed in other hormonal levels. After the 5th cycle, the only trend toward statistical significance was observed with higher FSH in males, higher blood glucose, and cholesterol. After the 5th cycle of chemotherapy, seven patients had at least one hormonal dysfunction, three patients had alterations in their thyroid function tests. Three patients had adrenal insufficiency (AI), one of whom also had secondary hypothyroidism concomitant with hypogonadism and AI. Additionally, two males had hypogonadism, and impaired fasting glucose was observed in three patients. Conclusions: Hormonal and metabolic abnormalities can occur in DLBCL after the 5th R-CHOP cycle. A high level of awareness and careful observation is of value in detecting these abnormalities, as some can be lethal.
Organisational downsizing and knowledge sharing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tOrganisational downsizing has proven a popular strategic intervention in the new globalised competitive business environment. Yet surprisingly little research has been conducted in the knowledge management domain to help scholars and managers better understand the effects of downsizing on organisational knowledge sharing. This paper reports some of the key findings from an interpretive investigation of organisational knowledge sharing in a division of large Australian organisation where downsizing had recently taken place. The findings reveal structural and cultural effects stemming from downsizing, and shows how these effects influenced knowledge sharing. The paper provides sets of knowledge-based impacts of downsizing on (1) organisational structure and (2) organisational culture at the case organisation. Important implications for knowledge management research and practice are discussed.\n\t\t\t\t
À propos du malkʾa Maryam et de l’occident (Suivi de deux notes d’hagiographie)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Latin medieval parallels to the malkʾa Maryam were reported in a previous paper. Since, a french scholar issued a study about Mary’s place in the medieval liturgy and her physical presence in the liturgical symbolic. So the latin texts in question are replaced in a whole. The possibility of a continuation until the Renaissance is explored. In the baroque ages we find in France a marial association from bavarian origin, internationally represented whose devotions are alike that inspiring the malkʾa Maryam. A further research is necessary about this parallel development of piety in Europe and Ethiopia. The miracle of the light expanded by the saint’s fingers during the prayer is listed from a few ethiopic lives. A few comments are given about Marrassini’s edition from the Gädlä Gäbrä Mänfäs Qeddus, especially the names of the saint’s fathers. Two toponyms of the same Gädl are examined and an alternative reading of the considered sentence is suggested.
Stealing or Sharing? Cross‐Cultural Issues of Plagiarism in an Open‐Source Era

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract More professors and institutions want to move from a detect‐and‐punish to an educate‐and‐prevent model for dealing with plagiarism. Understanding the causes of plagiarism, especially among international students, can aid in efforts to educate students and prevent plagiarism. Research points to a confluence of causal factors, such as time pressure, language differences, and unclear rules. Though not the primary factor, ethical differences between cultures are also germane. Overall, the plight of international students summons institutions to examine their ethical norms of attribution. Plagiarism has a cultural history tied to concepts of individual creativity, but its future may look quite different in an era with increased communal sharing of ideas and images.
A review of groundwater vulnerability assessment in Kenya

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater represents 95% of the world’s unfrozen freshwater. The use of groundwater has significantly increased over the past 50 years and is expected to rise in future due to its high reliability during drought seasons, good quality, generally modest development costs and continuous depletion of surface water. Groundwater pollution is becoming a major threat to fresh groundwater availability and sustainability. The deteriorating groundwater quality and increasing contamination poses detrimental risk to human health and ecosystem in many ways, thereby necessitating the need to study the groundwater vulnerability assessment as a preventive strategy to protect the groundwater from surface pollution. The concept of groundwater vulnerability assessment is dated back in 1970s and applied in many developed countries as an environmental tool used for proper land use planning and decision making without jeopardizing groundwater quality. This paper is a detail review of available literature on the study of groundwater vulnerability assessment in Kenya. The paper revealed that, the vulnerability assessment concept has not been applied as a mechanism to prevent groundwater pollution, hence rarely used in guiding land use planning in Kenya. This review brings to limelight the importance of groundwater vulnerability assessment in management and protection of groundwater resources in Kenya.*Corresponding author; Email:guyesa2016@gmail.com Mobile: 0710953283.1. Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
Obligation of non-maleficence: moral dilemma in physician-patient relationship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper highlights the principle of non-maleficence from sections of \nthe Hippocratic oath and those entailed in various declarations of \nmedical ethics and conduct. The moral dilemmas associated with \nadherence or efforts at adherence to the principle were indicated with \nthe use of prepared cases. The centrality of the paper is the moral \nconflict encountered by physicians in their efforts at maintaining the \nfiduciary relationship that they have with patients. The concepts of \ndignity, identity, harm and the definitions of brain death as different \nfrom biological death, ordinary and extraordinary health care and the \nprinciple of double effect were analysed in an attempt to resolve the \nmoral conflict in physician-patient relationship. Cost-benefit \nanalysis, detriment-benefit assessment and the notion of justice were \nalso brought to bear in the effort to resolve the moral dilemma in \nphysician-patient relationship as it borders on the obligation of \nnon-maleficence.
Investigation of gain optimization technique in Doppler ultrasound system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the author describes a high sensitivity Doppler ultrasound system based on the principle of ensemble mean processing utilizing automatic gain optimization through system parameters. This technique allows a reduction of the physical size of the hardware and simplifies gain adjustment by reducing the gain range substantially. Such a system is not subject to Doppler ultrasound system artifacts such as the mirror effect and quantization.
The dimroth rearrangement. Part VIII. Rate enhancement by electron-withdrawal in simple iminopyrimidines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rates of rearrangement of 1-alkyl-1,2-dihydro-2-iminopyrimidines to 2-alkylaminopyrimidines are increased by 5-cyano-, 5-carbamoyl-, or 5-halo-substituents, and also by replacement of the alkyl group with an allyl, β-hydroxyethyl-, benzyl-, or p-nitrobenzyl-substituent. 5-Cyano-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-1,4,6-trimethylpyrimidine, unlike its 1-monomethyl homologue, undergoes only normal rearrangement, and the reason for this is explored. Ionisation constants, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are used to follow the rearrangements or confirm the structures involved.
The performance of M-based generalized linear model (GLM) procedures based on the coverage probability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In designed experiments, we often encountered non-normal response variables. The data transformations (Transf) approached are frequently employed to deal with these problems. One has to realize that analyzing such data based on transformations posed many drawbacks. A better approach in dealing with these problems is by using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The problem becomes more complicated when there existed outlier in the data set. As an alternative, we may turn to robust (M- based) Generalized Linear Model (GLM) technique, which is less affected by outlier. In this paper we investigate the performance of the M-based GLM by doing the Monte Carlo simulation and its performance is compared to the Transf. and the GLM techniques. The empirical evidence shows that the M-based GLM is slightly better than the GLM and the Transf. approach in a well-behaved data. However, when contamination occurs in the data, its performance is remarkably robust with respect to outlier and non-normal responses.
Influence of Different Packaging Methods on Physiological Properties of Blueberry during Postharvest Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blueberries were stored under unsealed packaging,modified-atmosphere packaging(MAP) or common cold conditions(control) at(0.5 ± 0.5) ℃ and 90%–95% relative humidity(RH).Physiological parameters such as soluble solid content(SSC),ascorbic acid(VC),titratable acidity,polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),anthocyanin content,pectin and polygalacturonase(PG) were monitored periodically during storage to compare the effectiveness of the three packaging methods for preserving blueberries.After 49 days of storage,VC content,fruit firmness and titration acid content in the MAP group were maintained at a significantly higher level as compared to the other two groups.There was no significant difference among the three groups for soluble solid content.Nevertheless,MAP inhibited PG activity and accordingly reduced the decomposition of pectin in blueberries;meanwhile,MAP maintained a higher level of POD activity so that the metabolismrelated free radicals could be removed in a timely manner,delaying fruit senescence and prolonging the shelf life of blueberries.In conclusion,MAP is more effective in preserving blueberries than unsealed packaging and common cold storage.
Alignment and alignment dynamics of nematic liquid crystals on Langmuir-Blodgett mono-layers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Mono-layers of stearic and behenic acids, deposited with the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, were used as aligning films in nematic liquid crystal cells. During the filling process the liquid crystal adopts a deformed quasi-planar alignment with splay-bend deformation and preferred orientation along the filling direction. This state is metastable and transforms with time into a homeotropic state once the flow has ceased. The transition is accompanied by formation of disclination lines which nucleate at the edges of the cell. The lifetime of the metastable splay-bend state was found to depend on the cell thickness. On heating, an anchoring transition from quasi-homeotropic to degenerate tilted alignment in the form of circular domains takes place near the transition to the isotropic phase. The anchoring transition is reversible with a small hysteresis.
San Francisco: sinusitis study of traditional Chinese medicine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study run by the Immune Enhancement Project is now recruiting to compare Chinese medicine to conventional antibiotics for treatment of sinusitis. Volunteers must have recurrent sinusitis documented by endoscopy and a paranasal computed tomography scan, have had a CD4 count within 12 weeks, be 18 to 60 years old, and not currently be using antibiotics, except Septra. The study lasts 12 weeks, with 8 weeks of treatment followed by a one-month washout period. For more information, contact Elyse Graham, The Immune Enhancement Project, 415-252-8711.
Thirteen years of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: the promises and burdens of a paradigm shift told from the perspective of the largest retina service in Norway.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To describe the first 13 years of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐ VEGF ) therapy from the perspective of a public ophthalmic department serving a local community of almost one million people. Methods Retrospective registry study. Data from Oslo University Hospital, Norway were collected from 2006 through 2018. Hospital episode statistics were searched for episodes of care encompassing intravitreal anti‐ VEGF procedures. Patient‐specific ID numbers, diagnoses, and drug codes were registered. In general, bevacizumab was used as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013. Results The number of unique patients treated per year increased from 130 in 2006 to 3428 in 2018. In 2018, 2488 (73%) patients had also received treatment the previous year. The number of yearly injections increased from 228 in 2006 to 25 570 in 2018. In 2018 the diagnosis macular degeneration constituted 69% of injections, diabetic retinopathy constituted 15%, retinal vein occlusion constituted 13%, and other diagnoses constituted 3%. In the same year 49% of injections were with bevacizumab, 46% with aflibercept, 4% with ranibizumab, and 1% with dexamethasone implants. The bevacizumab to aflibercept ratio was almost 1:1 for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy; for retinal vein occlusion the ratio was 13:7. Conclusion In 13 years there was an approximately 100‐fold increase in the number of yearly intravitreal injections. A majority of patients received long‐term treatment. Macular degeneration was the most common diagnosis. Using bevacizumab as first‐line treatment, with aflibercept reserved for resistant cases from 2013, eventually resulted in a nearly 1:1 ratio in drug usage.
Analysis of the Relationship between Leaf-Emergence Date and Length of Organs on the Main Culm in Rice Plant under a Given Environmental Condition.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

茎葉生育の規則性を明らかにするために, 水稲品種コシヒカリ及び日本晴を用いて, 同一栽培条件下における主稈の出葉の遅速と地上部諸器官長との関係を調べた.その結果, 第1に, 総葉数が16の主稈において, 第14葉の出葉日の分布と, 第15, 第16葉身長, 第14, 第15葉鞘長及び穂長との間にそれぞれ強い負の相関を認めた. また, 第14葉の出葉日の分布とIV, V節間長との間に強い正の相関を認めた. 第2に, 総葉数が17の主稈は16の主稈より第14葉の出葉日が早く, かつ求頂的にみて同じ葉(節)位の上位葉身長が大きく, 下位節間長が小さいことを認めた. 第3に, 総葉数が同じ場合, 最長葉身の葉位が相対的に上位にある主稈では, 下位にある主稈より, 第14葉の出葉日が早く, かつ上位葉身長が大きく, 下位節間長が小さい傾向を認めた. なお, 第14葉の出葉日が同じグループ内で両者を比較しても, 前者は後者より, 上位葉身長が大きく, 下位節間長が小さい傾向を認めた.
Montlivaltia multiformis Toula (Scleractinia) from the Aptian of the Prebetic Domain (SE Spain)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Montlivaltia multiformis Taula (Scleractinia, Faviina, Montlivaltidae), formerly reported from the Carpatho Balkanic domain is described from Lower Aptian beds of the Prebetic Domain (SE Spain). Taxonomic attributes include the organisation of radial elements, septal trabeculae, carinae and endothecal elements while the external morphology of the coralla is fairly variable. The sedimentological context suggests a circalittoral environment also supported by palaecological features of the surrounding fauna. Owing to its stratigraphic position in the Carpatho-Balkanic region and in Spain, Montlivaltia multiformis appears as a potential marker for both shallow carbonate or outer shelf settings of the Lower Aptian Tethys European margin.
A Real-time Defense against Website Fingerprinting Attacks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Anonymity systems like Tor are vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks, where a local passive eavesdropper infers the victim's activity. Current WF attacks based on deep learning classifiers have successfully overcome numerous proposed defenses. While recent defenses leveraging adversarial examples offer promise, these adversarial examples can only be computed after the network session has concluded, thus offer users little protection in practical settings. We propose Dolos, a system that modifies user network traffic in real time to successfully evade WF attacks. Dolos injects dummy packets into traffic traces by computing input-agnostic adversarial patches that disrupt deep learning classifiers used in WF attacks. Patches are then applied to alter and protect user traffic in real time. Importantly, these patches are parameterized by a user-side secret, ensuring that attackers cannot use adversarial training to defeat Dolos. We experimentally demonstrate that Dolos provides 94+% protection against state-of-the-art WF attacks under a variety of settings. Against prior defenses, Dolos outperforms in terms of higher protection performance and lower information leakage and bandwidth overhead. Finally, we show that Dolos is robust against a variety of adaptive countermeasures to detect or disrupt the defense.
TestIME: A Tool for Testing Chinese Input Method Engines in Electronic Medical Record Entry Task

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper presents a tool named TestIME 1 , which is used to evaluate chinese input method engines(IME) in the context of electronic medical record(EMR) entry. TestIME consists of four major functional modules: test tasks assignment, IME auto control, participants' behavior monitoring, and a questionare system. The fist module ensures that participants use different IMEs to complete the same test task in a random but not continuous order. The second is used to automatically control the IME, so participants can not change the experimental settings. The third moudle is the key point of TestIME, which record the participants' keystrokes and timestamp during typing. The last one is a questionare system used to collect the participants' subjective feelings. In this paper, we mainly introduce the four modules' implemention. 1 TestIME: the abbreviation of testing input method engines.