jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electron spin resonance and electron spin echo modulation studies of the photoionization of N-alkyl-N,N',N'-trimethylbenzidines in AOT reversed micelles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance and electron spin echo modulation studies of the photoionization of N-alkyl-N,N',N'-trimethylbenzidines in AOT reversed micellesChris Stenland and Larry KevanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 40, 10498–10503Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100142a038https://doi.org/10.1021/j100142a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Direct photochemical route to azoxybenzenes via nitroarene homocoupling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

<p>We report on a direct photochemical method for the one-pot, catalyst- and additive-free synthesis of azoxybenzene and substituted azoxy derivatives from nitrobenzene building blocks. This reaction is conducted at room temperature and under air, and can be applied to substrates with a wide range of substituents. Yields of products derived from <em>para</em>- and <em>meta</em>-substituted nitrobenzenes are typically good, while sterically encumbered <em>ortho</em>-substituted substrates are not as fruitful. Photochemical Wallach rearrangement of generated azoxybenzenes to <em>ortho</em>-hydroxyazoxybenzenes was observed in some cases, most markedly in selected <em>ortho</em>-halogenated nitrobenzenes. Overall, this method provides an efficient, green pathway to highly value-added azoxybenzene products.</p>
RETRACTED AND REPLACED: The evolution of suppressed recombination between sex chromosomes and the lengths of evolutionary strata

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The idea that sex differences in selection drive the evolution of suppressed recombination between sex chromosomes is well developed in population genetics. Yet, despite a now classic body of theory, empirical evidence that sexually antagonistic selection drives the evolution of recombination arrest remains equivocal and alternative hypotheses underdeveloped. Here, we investigate whether the length of "evolutionary strata" formed by chromosomal inversions (or other large-effect recombination modifiers) expanding the non-recombining sex-linked region (SLR) on sex chromosomes can be informative of how selection influenced their fixation. We develop population genetic models to show how the length of an SLR-expanding inversion, and the presence of partially recessive deleterious mutational variation, affect the fixation probability of three different classes of inversions: (1) intrinsically neutral, (2) directly beneficial (i.e., due to breakpoint or positional effects), and (3) those capturing sexually antagonistic (SA) loci. Our models indicate that neutral inversions, and those capturing an SA locus in linkage disequilibrium with the ancestral SLR, will exhibit a strong fixation bias toward small inversions; while unconditionally beneficial inversions, and those capturing a genetically unlinked SA locus, will favor fixation of larger inversions. The footprint of evolutionary stratum size left behind by different selection regimes is strongly influenced by parameters affecting the deleterious mutation load, the physical position of the ancestral SLR, and the distribution of new inversion lengths.
LHD lhdcxs6-sif #116961.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Charge eXchange Spectroscopy (CXS) system, which consists of diagnostic beam, object lens, optical fiber bundle array, spectrometer, CCD detector and controllers, to measure radial profiles of ion temperature, poloidal/toroidal plasma rotation velocities, and impurity density (carbon or helium) using charge exchange collisions between neutral beam and impurities.
Development and Validation of Criteria for Sparing Confirmatory Tests in Diagnosing Primary Aldosteronism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context The Endocrine Society Guidelines for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) suggest that confirmatory tests (CFT) are not required when the following criteria are met: plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) is &gt;20 ng/dL, plasma renin is below detection levels, and hypokalemia is present. The evidence for the applicability of the guideline criteria is limited. Objective To develop and validate optimized criteria for sparing CFT in the diagnosis of PA. Design and Setting The optimized criteria were developed in a Chinese cohort using the captopril challenge test, verified by saline infusion test (SIT) and fludrocortisone suppression test (FST), and validated in an Australian cohort. Participants Hypertensive patients who completed PA screening and CFT. Main Outcome Measure Diagnostic value of the optimized criteria. Results In the development cohort (518 PA and 266 non-PA), hypokalemia, PAC, and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were selected as diagnostic indicators by multivariate logistic analyses. The combination of PAC &gt;20 ng/dL plus PRC &lt;2.5 μIU/mL plus hypokalemia had much higher sensitivity than the guideline criteria (0.36 vs 0.11). The optimized criteria remained superior when the SIT or FST were used as CFT. Non-PA patients were not misdiagnosed by either criteria, but the percentage of patients in whom CFT could be spared was higher with the optimized criteria. In the validation cohort (125 PA and 81 non-PA), the sensitivity of the optimized criteria was also significantly higher (0.12 vs 0.02). Conclusions Hypertensive patients with PAC &gt;20 ng/dL, PRC &lt;2.5 μIU/mL, plus hypokalemia can be confidently diagnosed with PA without confirmatory tests.
On the nature of Dennett’s narrative “self”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dennett's theory of personal identity argues that the “self” is no more than a center of narrative gravity. One of the main hurdles to assessing this proposal lies in the fact that it is difficult to understand what the nature of Dennett's concept of "self" is; specifically, what are the ontological and epistemological commitments that can be attributed to the phenomenon in question. In this article we claim that the best way to make an interpretative reconstruction of his notion of "self" is appealing to the distinction elaborated by Reichenbach between three classes of entities, Concreta, Abstracta, and Illata, and understanding the narrative centers of gravity as a case of Reichenbachian Abstracta. We defend that understanding the narrative centers of gravity as Abstracta in the sense of Reichenbach is pertinent and illuminating given that: i) although he does not apply it directly to the problem of the nature of the "self", Dennett does use Reichenbach's distinction in other parts of his work; ii) Dennett explicitly draws an analogy of the "self" with the centers of gravity that are, precisely, one of his examples of Abstracta; iii) this way of understanding the "self" allows us to give sense and better understand certain aspects of Dennett’s narrative theory. Besides allowing us to clarify the metaphors used by Dennett in the elaboration of his narrative theory, such conceptual elucidation allows us to better understand the distinction between the three classes of intentional psychology drawn by Dennett (1987) and is useful in suggesting to which of these three types the concept of "self" belongs.
Pengaruh Latihan Skipping Dan Barrier Hops terhadap Peningkatan Vertikal Jump Pada Pemain Tim Putra Di PBV Pendeta

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of skipping and barrier hops training on increasing vertical jump in male players at PBV. Pastor. The type of research conducted using an experiment with two different groups by providing training programs to the two groups with different treatments, namely group A Barrier Hop training and group B Skipping training. Data were analyzed using a different sample t test. The results of the study showed that the group of men's volleyball team players at PBV. Pastor who were given skipping training obtained t count = 1.695> t table 1.83 (0.05: 9), which means there is no significant effect on increasing vertical jump in men's volleyball team players at PBV. Pendeta after participating in skipping training for 2 months. While for the group of men's volleyball team players at PBV. The Pendeta who was given barrier hops training obtained t count = 1.983 > t table 1.83 (0.05:9) indicating that there was a significant influence on increasing the vertical jump in the men's volleyball team players of PBV.Pendeta Sumenep after participating in barrier hops training for 2 months.
A Smart, Efficient, and Reliable Parking Surveillance System with Edge Artificial Intelligence on IoT Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing has been a main-stream computing service for years. Recently, with the rapid development in urbanization, massive video surveillance data are produced at an unprecedented speed. A traditional solution to deal with the big data would require a large amount of computing and storage resources. With the advances in Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and communication technologies, edge computing offers a new solution to the problem by processing the data partially or wholly on the edge of a surveillance system. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using edge computing for smart parking surveillance tasks, which is a key component of Smart City. The system processing pipeline is carefully designed with the consideration of flexibility, online surveillance, data transmission, detection accuracy, and system reliability. It enables artificial intelligence at the edge by implementing an enhanced single shot multibox detector (SSD). A few more algorithms are developed on both the edge and the server targeting optimal system efficiency and accuracy. Thorough field tests were conducted in the Angle Lake parking garage for three months. The experimental results are promising that the final detection method achieves over 95% accuracy in real-world scenarios with high efficiency and reliability. The proposed smart parking surveillance system can be a solid foundation for future applications of intelligent transportation systems.
Molecular evolution of troponin I and a role of its N‐terminal extension in nematode locomotion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The troponin complex, composed of troponin T (TnT), troponin I (TnI), and troponin C (TnC), is the major calcium‐dependent regulator of muscle contraction, which is present widely in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Little is known about evolutionary aspects of troponin in the animal kingdom. Using a combination of data mining and functional analysis of TnI, we report evidence that an N‐terminal extension of TnI is present in most of bilaterian animals as a functionally important domain. Troponin components have been reported in species in most of representative bilaterian phyla. Comparison of TnI sequences shows that the core domains are conserved in all examined TnIs, and that N‐ and C‐terminal extensions are variable among isoforms and species. In particular, N‐terminal extensions are present in all protostome TnIs and chordate cardiac TnIs but lost in a subset of chordate TnIs including vertebrate skeletal‐muscle isoforms. Transgenic rescue experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle show that the N‐terminal extension of TnI (UNC‐27) is required for coordinated worm locomotion but not in sarcomere assembly and single muscle‐contractility kinetics. These results suggest that N‐terminal extensions of TnIs are retained from a TnI ancestor as a functional domain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unraveling the Enchanting Mystery of Fireflies Nature’s Nightlights

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fireflies have ignited human interest for ages with their glow. They are like little enchanting lanterns in the dark, creating a beautiful show, lighting up their surroundings with a chemistry trick. But their glow is not just for looks—fireflies use it to talk to each other. Each type of firefly has its own special way of blinking, like a secret code. Their bright lights also help them stay safe, by warning other animals that they taste bad. However, the problem of too much light from cities is making it hard for fireflies to find their friends and family. To protect these amazing creatures we need to be careful with our lights, turning them off when possible during the night. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its fascinating organisms, no matter how small they are.
Work in progress - B A STAR - A launch pad for active learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2004 community college students in the Basic and Advanced Science and Technology Academies of Research (BASTAR) have made significant educational contributions to their communities. The program, funded by the National Science Foundation, seeks to increase the technical talent pool by providing students the opportunity to develop critical skills in leadership, teamwork, academics and technology. This goal is accomplished by developing students historically under-represented and currently performing below their capability in the technical fields. The program consists of four components: the leadership development conference, the Basic Science and Technology Academies of Research (BSTAR), the Advanced Science and Technology Academies of Research (ASTAR), and the Science and Engineering Research Symposium. These four components provide venues that progress students through increasingly complex and focused academic and research opportunities. The Leadership Development conference is the foundation upon which the program is based. The B STAR focuses on academic and technical development while the A STAR provides an opportunity to gain internship experience. The Science Symposium brings it all together as a venue for showcasing the work of students and exposing them to a greater scientific community.
Effects of channel confinement on pioneer woody vegetation structure, composition and diversity along the River Drôme (SE France)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract River embankments are one of the main causes of a loss in active channel movement. The knock‐on effects of river channel stabilization include important shifts in the ecohydrological conditions in the protected zone behind embankments, which has already been well exemplified. However, few authors have attempted to investigate changes to pioneer units of vegetation colonizing the active channel following the construction of dikes. As a consequence we studied the structure, composition and diversity of pioneer vegetation units dominated by willow and poplar along the River Drôme in two adjacent, but contrasting, river reaches: an embanked reach and an unconstrained reach, each subject to the same flow regime, but offering very different hydrogeomorphological contexts for vegetation colonization. Our results clearly demonstrate that river embankments affect channel geometry. A reduction in channel width (from between 200 and 500 m to less than 100 m) leads to steeper elevational gradients with an overall coarser grain size and consequently drier overall conditions on colonizable landforms in the channelized reach. Pioneer vegetation responded by colonizing landforms at higher elevations above the low water mark and by occurring in smaller units within the channelized study reach. There was also a reduction in species diversity, a homogenization in vegetation unit structure and a predominance of more drought‐tolerant ligneous species ( P. nigra ) in pioneer vegetation units in the channelized study reach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high precision angular encoder based on capacitive coupling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method for measuring angular position based on sensing electrostatic fields is described. A device is presented which uses this method to achieve a resolution of 10 radians and is fabricated entirely from common electronic components mounted on printed circuit board. The angular sensor consists of two coplanar, coaxial disks, one static and the other freely rotating. An electrostatic field is generated by Nr active radiator electrodes on the static disk. Nm passive modifier electrodes on the rotating disk determine the magnitude of the signals measured by a detector circuit for each of the radiators. Nr The relationship between Nr and Nm is chosen to be Nm = Nr/2 +1 which produces a vernier effect between the two disks. This effect determines the relationship between successive signals measured at a given rotor position. This relationship is shown to be most easily analyzed using Fourier analysis because the angle of the rotor can be entirely determined from phase of the single frequency component at ώ = π - 2π/Nr. Also presented are the effects of two different kinds of misalignment of the sensor: an offset in the centres of rotation of the disks and a tilt in the axes of rotation. The errors are characterized and a method for measuring and reducing their impact is shown. Several tests of the sensor are presented and the results analyzed. A device simulator is used to examine the effect of changing the physical parameters of the sensor. A laser and spot detector are employed to test the accuracy of the sensor in measuring very small rotations. The repeatability of the sensor is examined by attaching the rotor to a stepper motor. Finally the current design is extrapolated to suggest possibilities for a more precise sensor or a sensor better suited to different environments.
The Theoretical Analysis of the Allocation of Family Control Rights Based on Guanxi in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the development of the family businesses, family members are coming from diversified source. Under this circumstance, guanxi and potential conflicts between family members are becoming complicated. The allocation of control rights among the family members plays an important role. This paper proposes the allocation concept of the family guanxi-oriented control rights for the first time. On the basis of the review of classical theories about the control rights allocation, it builds a theoretical analysis framework of family control rights allocation embedding guanxi.
Performance characterization of special separation rechargeable silver-zinc cells

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the performance-to-date data, and silver migration rate data, for a matrix of model cells built for Mr. Al Himy by Eagle-Picher Industries, and placed on test at NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane. The cell sets were designed to evaluate several separation modifications. Cell performance studies were conducted. Along with dissection of cells at intervals in their performance cycling and at failure to determine silver migration rates and evaluate separator behavior over the life of the cells. A total of sixty-five model cells in five sets of thirteen, of identical composition and build, were evaluated for cycle and wet life performance. The cells were nominally 30 Ah in design and were subdivided into three groups within each set, one cell for so-called baseline property analysis, five cells for wet life performance study, and seven cells for cycle life performance study. The wet life cycling consisted of 30-day wet stands at full charge between each performance discharge, while the cycle life cycling consisted of repeated performance discharges. The failure criteria for each cell were designated as either a shorting process (catastrophic loss of discharge capacity) or loss of greater than 50% of initial discharge capacity on a given performance cycle.
Effects of Oral Administration of D-002 (Beeswax Alcohols) on Histological and Functional Outcomes in a Rat Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis: Preliminary Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

D-002, a mixture of higher aliphatic beeswax alcohols, has been shown to display anti-inflammatory effects associated with the dual inhibition of ciclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. Oral D-002 supplementation has been effective in experimental osteoarthritis, ameliorating all features of joint histopathology. Clinical studies have demonstrated that D-002 reduces osteoarthritis symptoms. However, D-002 effects on experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been evaluated. To investigate whether D-002 improves histopathological and functional outcomes in a rat model of antigen-induced arthritis. First experiment. Rats were randomized into a negative vehicle-control (sham) and four groups injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA): a positive vehicle-control, three treated with D-002 (50, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Second experiment. Rats were randomized into a sham and four CFA-injected groups: a positive vehicle-control, two treated with D-002 (25 and 100 mg/kg/day), one with methorexate (MTX) (0.3 mg/kg) for 28 days. Arthritis severity was evaluated by bodyweight loss, decreased exploratory activity and histological changes of tarsal joint and spleen samples in both experiments, except the exploratory activity, assessed only in the first one. CFA injection decreased the bodyweight and the exploratory activity, and induced infiltration of mononuclear cells, pannus formation and vascularity in the tarsal joint of positive control rats. These changes were significantly and markedly ameliorated by D-002 as compared to the positive control. MTX also reversed CFA-induced changes. The reduction of the infiltration of mononuclear cell with D-002 400 mg/kg was greater (80.9%) than with MTX (66.8%), but effects on other variables were similar. No abnormalities in spleen samples of D-002-treated groups were detected. This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of oral treatment with D-002 in a rat model of antigen-induced arthritis. Results suggest that D-002 could help manage RA, but confirmation of such potential benefit requires extensive further research.
Climate Public Private Partnerships in the EU:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyses Climate Public Private Partnerships in the light of EU climate law and includes an economic perspective to explain the objectives and efficiency behind Climate Public Private Partnerships. Climate Public Private Partnerships are regulated by EU public procurement law for which reason the legal cross field between EU climate law and EU public procurement law is analysed to evaluate how EU law supports Climate Public Private Partnerships. Furthermore, the article includes game theory as an instrument to assess Climate Public Private Partnerships under EU law. The article concludes that EU law does not include the sufficient legal support to provide efficient Climate Public Private Partnerships as a tool to reach Europe's climate goals.