jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery Complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Percutaneous foot surgery is a surgical method of treating various bone and soft-tissue disorders of the foot. In hallux valgus pathology, it is called minimal incision surgery, and is another method to treat this disorder. As in all surgical techniques, there are complications in minimal incision hallux valgus surgery. In general, in percutaneous surgery, there have been reports of recurrence on the hallux valgus deformity or development of the opposite deformity (hallux varus), malunion, nonunion, head metatarsal necrosis, clawed hallux, and transfer keratotic lesions that cause pain, thermal injuries, and other complications. We describe some of the most frequent complications in minimally invasive surgery of the hallux valgus, and how to correct it. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 5. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Calendar-based Graphics for Visualizing People's Daily Schedules

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Calendars are broadly used in society to display temporal information and events. This paper describes a new calendar display for plotting data, that includes a layout algorithm with many options, and faceting functionality. The functions use modulus algebra on the date variable to restructure the data into a calendar format. The user can apply the grammar of graphics to create plots inside each calendar cell, and thus the displays synchronize neatly with ggplot2 graphics. The motivating application is studying pedestrian behavior in Melbourne, Australia, based on counts which are captured at hourly intervals by sensors scattered around the city. Faceting by the usual features such as day and month, is insufficient to examine the behavior. Making displays on a monthly calendar format helps to understand pedestrian patterns relative to events such as work days, weekends, holidays, and special events. The functions for the calendar algorithm are available in the R package sugrrants.
Discharge Characteristics and Hydrogen Peroxide Generation of Multi-Needles Plate Discharge Under Pulsed Power

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this article, discharge characteristics and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation of multi-needles plate discharge under pulsed power are investigated. By changing the voltage peak value, the pulse repetition frequency, voltage rising edge time, and the number of needles, the change laws of discharge characteristics, molecular emission spectrum, and H2O2 concentration are studied. The results show that as the number of needles increases, the discharge power increases. Through the emission spectra showed, the emission spectrum intensity of OH ( $\text{A}^{2}\sum + \to \,\,\text{X}^{2}\prod $ , 0–0, 309 nm) and N2 ( $\text{C}^{3}\prod \text{u}~\to ~\text{B}^{3}\prod \text{g}$ , 0–0, 337 nm) also increases with the number of needles. The changes in the vibrational temperature and rotational temperature of N2 molecules show a steady process. As the number of needles increases, the vibrational temperature is 2835–3100 K and the rotational temperature is 342–410 K. They all belong to the low-temperature plasma range. As the number of needles increased, the concentration of H2O2 in the solution also increased. The concentration of H2O2 in the solution corresponds to the emission spectrum intensities of OH ( $\text{A}^{2}\sum + \to \,\,\text{X}^{2}\prod$ ). When the peak value is 14 kV, the pulse frequency is 1 kHz. The maximum concentration of H2O2 reached 15.277 mg/L with 14 needles.
The long-term relationship between sea level and sediments in the Adriatic Sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Sea-level rise (SLR) is one of the most important consequences of global warming and carries significant repercussions on coastal human settlements and natural ecosystems. Predictions for past and future coastal evolution at regional scale, require dynamically coupled models of glacio- and hydro isostatic adjustment (GIA) and hydro- and morpho-dynamics (HMD). In fact, sediment isostasy and compaction (SIC) become an important additional factor that must be implemented in the modelling, through data intake and adapted algorithms. The sedimentation in the Adriatic Sea varied greatly in rates and amounts and locations between glacial and interglacial times, partly controlled by SLR and GIA movements but also independently. By inserting sedimentation from 3D mapping knowledge (data assimilation) and HMD modelling in otherwise deterministic geophysical models, we reveal the magnitude of local SIC vs. regional GIA patterns which we reckon to be significant for our understanding of centennial-millennial coastal plain development and habitat evolution, and for evaluating anthropogenic vs natural sedimentation. Results will have repercussions on the &#8220;Building with nature&#8221; approach used in coastal management strategies.
Induction of Extra Claws on the Chelipeds of a Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, growth of an extra claw was induced by making a V-shaped wound in the proximal end of the propodus of the second and third chelipeds. Two nerve bundles were damaged by the wounding. Some type of extra growth developed on the propodi of 13 of the damaged chelipeds: a pair of extra claws (2 chelipeds), a pair of extra dactyls (1 cheliped), a single extra dactyl (2 chelipeds), and a single slight projection (8 chelipeds). The extra claws and dactyls developed from the peripheral side of the propodus away from the wound site. One of a pair of extra dactyls and the single extra dactyls could be moved only slightly, either manually or by the crayfish. The other extra dactyls could be moved by the crayfish. Muscles were associated with each of the extra and primary claws. The muscles attached to the double extra claw or dactyl were innervated by nerve bundles that were branches from the primary thick nerve bundles. One possible explanation for these findings is that the severed nerve fibers in the thick nerve bundles regenerate, elongate into aberrant roots, and form extra claws or dactyls.
Archaeoastronomical study on the north-central coast of Peru

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Caral civilization developed on the north-central coast of Peru and had an occupation period between 2870 and 1970 years BC. The first studies carried out in the field of archaeoastronomy showed evidence of possible astronomical orientations in some buildings of its capital city, the Ciudad Sagrada de Caral. However, methodological issues cast doubt on these conclusions. A recent study carried out a more general statistical analysis, which covered a total of 55 architectural structures distributed in ten urban settlements that were part of this civilization, thus managing to identify topographic and astronomical orientation patterns. Based on this evidence, we propose to carry out a new study focused on the capital city, with the objective of analyzing the orientation pattern of the city, placing emphasis on the analysis of the most important religious and administrative structures in order to determine their functionality and their possible links with relevant astronomical objects. The study will include field work to measure the various structures and the subsequent statistical analysis of the data, using declination histograms, density functions and probability tests.
Phase I/II study of letrozole and sorafenib as first-line therapy of hormone-receptor positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

531 Background: Preclinical studies show that addition of an antiangiogenesis agent improves efficacy of aromatase inhibition in hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Sorafenib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor of VEGFRs, PDGFRs, FLT3, c-kit, and RAF. In this phase I/II multicenter study, the addition of sorafenib to letrozole as first-line therapy of HR+ MBC was evaluated. We previously reported the phase II dose to be letrozole 2.5 mg daily with sorafenib 400 mg BID. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) were postmenopausal, had measurable or evaluable HR+ MBC, and no prior therapy for metastases. Prior adjuvant tamoxifen (TAM) or aromatase inhibitor (AI) was allowed. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR= PR + SD ≥ 6 mo). The trial planned to enroll 58 pts to detect a CBR of ≥ 67% in a single-stage phase II design (80% power, α = .05). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: 54 pts (median age 54 yrs, range 21-84; median ECOG PS 0, range 0-2) were treated (13 pts in phase I) between 8/2008 – 12/2012 at which time the study closed due to slow accrual. 44% had de novo MBC, 39% pts had prior adjuvant TAM, 11% had prior adjuvant AI, and 2% had both prior TAM and AI. Median no. of cycles was 9 (range 1-62). The median daily dose of sorafenib was 400 mg. Most common gr 1-3 toxicities (%) were hand-foot skin (HFS) reaction (35%), hypertension (33%), rash (26%), diarrhea (19%), joint pains (15%), fatigue (13%), and alopecia (13%). 3 pts had HFS reaction that led to discontinuation of therapy. 5 pts had grade 2-3 rash that led to dose interruption. Of 41 pts evaluable for response, 39% (16 pts) had PRs and 41% (17 pts) had SD ≥ 6 mo. The CBR was 80.5% (95% CI: 65.1 - 90.9%). Median PFS was 20.2 mo (95% CI: 12.4 - 54.5 mo) and median OS was 51.5 mo (lower 95% CI: 44.7 mo). 11 pts continue on study with a median duration of 26 mo (range 14 – 60) and the median daily dose of sorafenib for these pts is also 400 mg. Conclusions: Letrozole combined with sorafenib was active in the treatment of HR+ MBC, and produced durable clinical benefit in a subset of pts as first-line therapy. Treatment benefit was still observed in pts who received lower than the recommended daily dose of sorafenib. Clinical trial information: NCT00634634.
Measuring chirality in NMR in the presence of a static electric field

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The scalar Hamiltonian of nuclear spins in the presence of a static electric field supports chirality. However, the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are not chiral; hence, chirality is not manifested in the usual NMR experiment. In this work, we show that the magnetization response to certain radio frequency pulse sequences exhibits chirality as well as handedness.
PRMT5 is a novel cofactor of Foxp3 and can be a target for tumor immunotherapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of T cells specialized for suppressing host immune systems, whose dysfunction can lead to severe autoimmunity and inflammatory disease in humans and animals. In a tumor bearing host, an enhanced activity of Tregs may limit host immunity against tumor antigens. Our laboratory has studied the Foxp3 transcriptional complex at the molecular and atomic levels. We identified a protein arginine methyl transferase 5 (PRMT5) as a binding partner of Foxp3. Mice whose expression of PRMT5 was deleted in Tregs developed severe autoimmunity, scurfy like phenotypes and died at ~3 weeks of age. A limited number of Tregs were found in the spleen, but there were normal numbers of Tregs in the peripheral lymph nodes. Tregs that lacked PRMT5 displayed limited suppressive function when compared to wild type cells. Two types of PRMT5 inhibitors, EPZ004777 and EPZ015666, were studied to determine if inhibition of PRMT5 reduces human Treg functions. While EPZ004777 could inhibit human Treg functions in vitro, EPZ015666 had limited ability to limit these Treg activities. EPZ004777 could also inhibit the methylation of Foxp3. Injection of EPZ004777 to p185/erbB2/neu tumor bearing mice enhanced the effect of anti-erbB2/neu monoclonal antibody therapy. Furthermore, treatment with EPZ004777 reduced the numbers of tumor infiltrating Tregs, indicating that EPZ004777 functions by inhibiting Treg functions and/or migration of Tregs into p185 expressing tumors. These studies support the concept that controlling PRMT5 activity is a promising strategy in a p185 targeted monoclonal antibody therapy in which host immunity against tumors is augmented in a Foxp3 dependent manner.
Serial Changes of Intrathecal Viral Loads Evaluated by Chemiluminescence Assay and Nested PCR with Aciclovir Treatment in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of intrathecal viral antigens by the CL has a potential for estimating the effects of antiviral therapy, as does evaluation of the intrathecal HSV-DNA by the nested PCR. The intrathecal viral loads evaluated by CL and nested PCR were not a predictor of outcome in HSVE.
Social media, mobile devices and sensors: Categorizing new techniques for health communication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

While the advent of social media and online social networking is still relatively new, a rapid penetration of these technologies is being seen and their impact in relation to health communications is more recently also being considered. In relation to health in particular, these social media communications systems can also be considered to gain extended capabilities and impact when used atop and interacting with mobile devices and sensors. In this paper we introduce a framework to categorize and analyze the emerging types of health-related social media interactions and communications and consider how the techniques fit within this broader framework for healthcare applications of social media.
The Contribution of Modernized Fishing Technology on the Socio-economic Status of the Takalar People of South Sulawesi in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research examined the influence of modernized technology on the Takalar fishing community of South Sulawesi in Indonesia. The researcher focused on the socio-economic changes resulting from the use of improved technology in the area. A qualitative approach was employed to establish the changes that have occurred due to the use of technology. Both primary and secondary data were used. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative-descriptive method. The findings revealed a tremendous improvement in the socio-economic status after the fishing communities adopted modernized technology, with such changes being evident among the capital owners (punggawa) and the employees (sawi). In was further established that the economic changes include increased family incomes, improved housing conditions, ownership of fully furnished homes, and accessibility to easy means of transport means. While, social changes include the changes in labor relations, from mutual cooperation to a wage based system, change in social mobility: symbolized by ownership of houses and transport facility, ownership of fishing boats and equipment, and the shift from employee status to ownership status, changes in family structures from nuclear family to extended family system, and also a significant increase in the education levels of most families in the region.
Validasi, Distribusi Dan Pemanfaatan Acanthaceae Di Jawa [Validation, Distribution and Potential Uses of Acanthaceae in Java]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acanthaceae published in Flora of Java has had significant change especially for nomenclature, distribution and potential uses; thus it affected species names of collections of Acanthaceae in Herbarium Bogoriense of The Indonesian Institute of Sciences. It is therefore necessary to update information of Acanthaceae by conducting herbarium and field surveys as well as reviewing related publications. Validation of the species name, synonymous and distribution were carried out by using some online websites such as IPNI, Tropicos and The plantlist. Meanwhile, the potential uses were obtained from several publications. Examinations on herbarium specimens was conducted in the Herbarium Bogoriense, while field survey was carried out in several locations in Java. This study recorded a total of 164 species of Achantaceeae to which 53 were native in Java (Indonesia), 24 species become synonymous, and five other species have not been published. Some of them have potential chemical substances and uses.
Fracture modes in a triangular lattice crystal: Numerical and phenomenological studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By numerical simulations we study the stationary or terminal crack propagation in the triangular lattice system with a truncated harmonic potential under several static external stresses. For the external stress called mode I we found three typical crack propagation modes for the strong external stress, and one more mode for the weak external stress. These crack propagation modes are classified by the potential depth scaled by the external stress. Two of the modes are related to two sound modes: The regions by the transverse and the longitudinal sound modes are separated from each other. There is a supersonic mode by which the crack propagation velocity exceeds the sound velocity. Only in the weak stress case does a zigzag crack pattern appear. By this mode the crack propagation velocity is about half of the transverse sound velocity. We examined the zigzag crack surface and found that its roughness exponent is about 0.75, which is near to those observed experimentally. A system size dependence of the critical potential depth for the crack propagation is also found. Different external stresses (so-called mode II, mode III, and spherical stresses) are also examined. Sometimes different aspects for the fracture were seen, but they are explained by the ame basic ideas that have been developed for mode I stress.
Bordering on Asian Paintings: Dye Analysis of Textile Borders and Mount Elements to Complement Research on Asian Pictorial Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mount components and textile borders represent important elements of Asian paintings. However, they are often side-lined or not considered an integral part of the original piece, as they may be later additions or may have been replaced during historic conservation or mounting interventions. Nevertheless, evidence is sometimes present that textile borders are contemporaneous to the production of the paintings they frame or, in the case of paintings found in archaeological contexts, to the time of deposition. Even when not contemporaneous with the paintings, the mount textiles are often of significant historic interest in themselves, showing a range of complex textile techniques and materials, and highlighting the re-use of fabrics. In all these cases, the study and reconstruction of the original colours of the borders enable further understanding of the holistic visual impact originally intended for the composition, as well as of the role of colour itself, which was used to emphasise, complement or contrast important pictorial themes or motifs in the paintings. Furthermore, the identification of dyes and dyeing techniques has the potential to support the production date and provenance of the paintings. In this study, the textile borders and some additional mounting elements of six paintings (late 9th–10th century CE) from the Library Cave, Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China, one rare Korean portrait painting dated 1789 CE, and two Tibetan thangkas (18th century) were investigated with the aim to identify the dyes present. Fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) was used to obtain information non-invasively and, when sampling was possible, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to obtain molecular identification of the dyestuffs employed in their production. Typical Asian dyes, such as gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), sappanwood (Biancaea sappan), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and pagoda tree flower buds (Sophora japonica), were identified. Some of the dyeing techniques were commensurate with the geographical and temporal provenance assigned to these pieces. Considerations about fading and discolouration of the dyes enabled valuable additional information to be obtained that complements the evidence gleaned from the study of the paintings and informs conservators and curators on best practices in the preservation and display of these precious and delicate artworks.
HYPOPITUITARY SHORT STATURE AS CHRONIC HANDICAP: PSYCHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Journal Article HYPOPITUITARY SHORT STATURE AS CHRONIC HANDICAP: PSYCHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT Get access H F L Meyer-Bahlburg H F L Meyer-Bahlburg Office of Psychoendocrinology, Children's Hospital, (Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine), Buffalo, N.Y., USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 77, Issue 1_Supplement, Apr 1974, Page S9, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.077S009 Published: 01 April 1974
Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and androgens in prostate cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin malignancy among men. The recent studies suggest an important role of vitamin D in prevention prostate cancer. Androgens seem to be involved also in the protective effect of vitamin D against PCa, interacting with VDR receptor and other molecular mechanisms that increase the calcitriol protective effect in prostate. Aim: To review the literature from the last 5 years about the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and androgens related to PCa. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics was used. The data from 155 articles were analyzed for this review. Results: The results show that vitamin D exerts protective effect against PCa by different mechanisms: cell cycle arrest/inhibition in G1/S phase; activation of pro-apoptotic genes that induce cell apoptosis; anti-inflammatory effect due to its inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase-2; blockage the angiogenesis by decreasing the vascular endothelial growth factor, and stopping the invasion and metastasis decreasing the α6 and β4 integrins. Androgens promote the growth and regulation of normal prostate cells activating genes related to lipogenesis, thus providing phospholipids for prostate cell membranes. On the other hand there are data showing that calcitriol regulates genes encoding enzymes of lipogenesis including fatty acid biosynthesis. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) was found to be down-regulated by calcitriol. The findings suggest that FAS is involved in the antiproliferative effect of calcitriol in presence of androgens on prostate cancer cells. There are also evidences for interaction between the signaling pathways of calcitriol and androgens. Conclusions: Further studies need to be done to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which both calcitriol and androgens are involved in PCa development/protection.