jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN USING ENGLISH PAST TENSE: A LOOK FROM TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims at investigating junior high school students’ errors in using English past tense in their English compositions. The subjects of this study were 8th-grade students in a junior high school in North Bali. This study employed descriptive qualitative research which describes the error that was produced by EFL learners. There were four steps in collecting the data namely, asking the students to watch a video, telling them to write recount text through guided writing, collecting the learners' writing, identifying the students' errors in writing past tense, and classifying the errors. The data were analysed using Corder's framework to classify students' errors. The study revealed that there were nine types of errors produces by EFL learners. The errors are applying Indonesian syntactic pattern, using Indonesian acronym, omitting the plural marker -s, adding plural marker -s in a singular form, deleting BE, using incorrect word choice, adding articles, overgeneralising, and using incorrect word order. The errors show that the students tend to use their native language structure in composing the English past tense. Hence, the errors made by students and acknowledged by teachers should be addressed immediately by implementing appropriate strategies and materials to enhance learning. Furthermore, this study can be conducted for further research with different subjects as well as references for applied linguistics courses.
Scenes from the Global South: Women’s Bodies as Waste in Bolaño’s 2666

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay reads the landscape of Roberto Bolaño’s fictional Santa Teresa through a new materialist lens. In the fourth section of Bolaño’s epic novel 2666 , “The Part about the Crimes,” the bodies of 112 women, victims of a series of unsolved murders, accumulate as part of a postglobal dystopic narrative of material and existential waste. Critics have especially noted the text’s clinical narration of events, which effectively reduces the victims’ bodies to interchangeable parts of a larger assemblage that also includes the factories ( maquiladoras ) where the women work, the northern capital that funds them, the police force that repeatedly fails to solve the murders, and the trash heaps and landfills where many of the bodies appear. It is, however, the women’s inert, mutilated bodies that animate Bolaño’s novel. Dehumanized by the text, the bodies’ materiality paradoxically gives human heft to an otherwise mechanistic account of undifferentiated carnage.
Durable responses to tislelizumab plus fruquintinib and radiotherapy in refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of contemporary cancer treatment. Different from microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CRC), the microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC shows little response to immunomonotherapy. Reasonable drug combinations may be a valuable exploration to solve this the dilemma. Here, we report a young patient with refractory metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma at stage IVb who achieved a durable partial response after receiving tislelizumab plus fruquintinib and well-timed local radiotherapy. To date, the patient has a progression-free survival of more than 12 months with obviously declined serum tumor markers, increased peripheral blood effector T cells, alleviated scrotal edema and improved quality of life. This case suggests that an immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with an anti-VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor and local radiation intervention might be an effective strategy for heavily pretreated metastatic CRC patients with MSS phenotype.
Human Nontumorigenic Microglia Synthesize Strongly Fluorescent Au/Fe Nanoclusters, Retaining Bioavailability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ability for cells to self-synthesize metal-core nanoclusters (mcNCs) offers increased imaging and identification opportunities. To date, much work has been done illustrating the ability for human tumorigenic cell lines to synthesize mcNCs; however, this has not been illustrated for nontumorigenic cell lines. Here, we present the ability for human nontumorigenic microglial cells, which are the major immune cells in the central nervous system, to self-synthesize gold (Au) and iron (Fe) core nanoclusters, following exposures to metallic salts. We also show the ability for cells to internalize presynthesized Au and Fe mcNCs. Cellular fluorescence increased in most exposures and in a dose dependent manner in the case of Au salt. Scanning transmission electron microscopic imaging confirmed the presence of the metal within cells, while transmission electron microscopy images confirmed nanocluster structures and self-synthesis. Interestingly, self-synthesized nanoclusters were of similar size and internal structure as presynthesized mcNCs. Toxicity assessment of both salts and presynthesized NCs illustrated a lack of toxicity from Au salt and presynthesized NCs. However, Fe salt was generally more toxic and stressful to cells at similar concentrations.
The Effects Of Elementary School Stem Intervention Program On Students' Attitudes And Interests: The Application Of Propensity Score Matching Technique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a growing number of school and out-of-school programs intended to increase students’ STEM school achievement, motivation in STEM area, and interests in STEM careers. Along with the increase in the number of STEM intervention programs, various methodological challenges and possible limitations in the designing and implementation of STEM intervention are recognized. In this paper, we evaluated the effectiveness of comprehensive STEM intervention program by a quasi-experimental research design with the measures collected after the administration of the treatment. The participants were 601 experimental group students attending the STEM program, and 883 control group students who were not exposed to the intervention. The participants were attending elementary school, grades fourth to sixth (age 10 to 12 years). The groups were compared by their attitudes toward STEM scientists and by their vocational interests in the STEM area. We used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique to evaluate the effectiveness of STEM intervention. We have also demonstrated the implementation PSM technique in evaluating the effectiveness of intervention programs. The results performed on the matched groups (NE = 498; NC = 498), showed that the STEM intervention program increased positive attitudes towards STEM scientists, but with relatively modest effects size. Also, the small positive effects of the intervention were related to increase in STEM vocational interests, but only in the youngest group of students. The research has also shown that the PMS technique has its application in quasi-experimental studies aimed to evaluate different educational interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of Furan and Hydrofuran Compounds. Part 3. Synthesis of 2,5‐Diethoxy‐2,5‐dihydrofuran in the System Furan—Hydrogen Peroxide—Aqueous Ethanol—Vanadyl Sulfate.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of Treatment Process for Oxytetracycline by Ferrate (VI)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Oxytetracycline is one of the most common antibiotic used in the aquaculture and livestock industry. However, excessive use of oxytetracycline occurs in the appearance of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, we compared with the degradation efficiencies of oxytetracycline in various experimantal conditions using ferrate (VI), and identified the degradation pathways through intermediate products. Firstly, the highest degradation efficiency of oxytetracycline occurred in alkalic condition (pH 10.0 ± 0.1), because of the chemical property of ferrate (VI) according to pH. In addition, the degradation rate of oxytetracycline increased directly proportional to ferrate (VI) dose. The self-decay rate of ferrate(VI) also increaseda s well whereas the degradation efficiency for target compound of ferrate (VI) decreased. The degradation intermediates of oxytetracycline were identified with LC/MS/MS, oxytetracycline was degraded through hydroxylation and decarbonation mechnism, which finally became CO₂, H₂O, whereas other inorganic turned into by-products.
Logical Empiricism and the History and Sociology of Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Our image of logical empiricism has changed dramatically during the last two decades. One of the entrenched views proven wrong was that the logical empiricists were not interested in the historical and social context of science and of philosophy of science. Today we know that some of the most important members of the Vienna Circle (especially Neurath, Carnap, Frank, and Hahn) were perfectly aware of the fact that their efforts to elaborate a new philosophical conception of scientific knowledge were by no means “neutral” in respect to the social conditions and political struggles of the time. Carnap's foreword to Der logische Aufbau der Welt in 1928 and the Vienna Circle's manifesto of 1929 are only the best known examples. Yet it is not that easy to find explicit answers to the questions of which part history and sociology of science should play in the “orchestrated” unified science (to borrow an expression Neurath adopted) and how the relation between history and sociology of science and philosophy of science should be conceived. To reconstruct such an answer is the purpose of this chapter.
Witchcraft today: an encyclopedia of Wiccan and neopagan traditions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A clear, concise overview of the origins and history of the Wiccan and Neopagan movements, with A-Z coverage of concepts, rituals, practices, and practitioners. * Thorough introduction explains the origin and history of contemporary Wiccan and Neopagan beliefs * Provides A-Z coverage of Neopagan concepts, rituals, practices, and practitioners ranging from African Religions and Celtic Tradition to Numerology and Theosophy * A documents section reprints texts important to the central belief system of Wiccans and Neopagans, including the text of Charge of the Goddess * Thorough chronology detailing the development of these modern religions
A 2D 2 Dot 1 electron Quantum Dot Cellular Automata based logically reversible 2:1 multiplexer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging and promising technology. When CMOS technology faces serious challenges, the nanotechnology comes into play. QCA overcomes the limitations of CMOS technology and thus capable of replacing the CMOS technology. This article presents a 2 Dot 1 Electron QCA design methodology of reversible 2 : 1 MUX. In our present scope, we concentrate only on the logical reversibility of the design. Logical reversibility implies a one-to-one mapping between the inputs and the outputs of the construct. To the best of our knowledge, a reversible 2 : 1 MUX design has not been reported yet using 2 Dot 1 Electron QCA.
Assessment of Hemodialysis Adequacy and Factors Affecting it in Pediatric Patients Using Single Pool Ю/ Г Equation in Zagazig University

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Quantification of the dialysis dose is an essential element in the management of chronic hemodialytic treatment. Urea clearance is used as a marker of dialysis adequacy although urea only represents small readily permeable solutes but it has several advantages over other an uremic toxins. Several factors affect clearance and include the blood flow rate; the dialysate flow rate and the efficiency of the dialyzer. Other indicators of dialysis adequacy include the removal of large solutes as creаtinine, vitamin B12 and B2 microglobulin and control of the extracellular volume and blood pressure. Adequacy of dialysis should be assessed in all patients at least 3 monthly as clinically based assessment has proven unreliable.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess hemodialysis adequacy and factors affecting it in pediatric patients in pediatric nephrodialysis unit in Zagazig University.Methods: This study was carried out in pediatric nephrodialysis unit in Zagazig University. It included 30 patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis. The studied group included 18 females and 12 males. Their ages ranged from 6 to 20 years. They were regularly hemodialysed 3 times weekly and 2 to 4 hours per session by polysulfone membrane using citrate dialysate and their pump rate ranged from 180 to 200 ml/minute. All of them had arteriovenous fistulae. All cases were subjected to detailed history taking, thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Blood urea level pre and post dialysis session using urease colorimetric method was done. Assessment of single pool KdV using the following equation:Kt/V = 2.2 - 3.3 X (u post/u pre - 0.03 - (w pre — w post)/w post).Results: We found a significant positive correlation between Kt/V and pump rate, surface area of the dialyzer and duration of dialysis. A highly significant positive correlation was found between Kt/V and dialysis session length and also with serum albumin. No significant correlation was found between Kt/V and other laboratory parameters or blood pressure. The most effective parameter affecting the dialysis efficiency is the dialysis session length.Conclusion: We conclude that adequate dialysis maximizes well-being, minimizing morbidity, and helps a patient retain social independence. Dialysis prescription should be individualized, monitored, and reassessed regularly. Improving dialysis adequacy as indicated by increased Kt/V can be achieved by increasing dialysis session length, pump rate and the size of the dialyzer.
Conformational Prerequisites for α-Lactalbumin Fibrillation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bovine alpha-lactalbumin, a small acidic Ca(2+)-binding milk protein, formed amyloid fibrils at low pH, where it adopted the classical molten globule-like conformation. Fibrillation was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the beta-structure content and a characteristic increase in the thioflavin T fluorescence intensity. S-(Carboxymethyl)-alpha-lactalbumin, a disordered form of the protein with three out of four disulfide bridges reduced, was even more susceptible to fibrillation. Other partially folded conformations induced in the intact protein at neutral pH, either by the removal of Ca(2+) or by the binding of Zn(2+) to the Ca(2+)-protein complex, did not fibrillate, although Zn(2+)-loaded alpha-lactalbumin precipitated out of solution as amorphous aggregates. Our data suggest that the transformation of a protein into an essentially unfolded (thus, highly flexible) conformation is required for successful fibril formation, whereas more rigid (but still flexible) species may form amorphous aggregates.
El hacinamiento carcelario en Ecuador

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was developed in order to identify the causes of overcrowding in Ecuadorian social rehabilitation centers. The ciphers obtained from government agencies allow us to establish that in the last ten years the jail population has significantly increased, reaching high levels of overcrowding. These findings show inappropriate and inhumane living conditions regarding the people deprived of liberty, putting them at constant risk due to the crime levels within the social rehabilitation centers. Therefore, alternative solutions to the problem are proposed.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application mode on sugarcane yield and soil nutrient change.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】This study intended to improve use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for increasing sugarcane yield and reducing nitrogen pollution in agricultural production. 【Method】With ROC22 as test material, three different nitrogen fertilizer rates (38 kgN/ha, 276 kgN/ha and 414 kgN/ha)and three different application methods (1:10% nitrogen fertilizeras base fertilizer, 30% nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil dressing, 60% applied to big ridging;2:30% nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer,70% nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil dressing;3:100% nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer)were used to study the relationship among nitrogen, sugarcane growth and soil nutrient changes by investigating sugarcane agronomic characters,yield and soil nutrient. 【Result 】The results showed that sugarcane yield increased with nitrogen rate increasing yield which was the highest at 276 kgN/ha. Nitrogen fertilizer applied earlier could promote sugarcane jointing,early growth and increasing. Soil nitrogen and available potassium content rose with the increasing amount of nitrogen fertilizer. However,the excess nitrogen fertilizer could cause soil acidification. Nitrogen fertilizer applied early could help dissolve soil phosphate and improve phosphorus absorption and utilization. Applying nitrogen fertilizer completely as base fertilizer was likely to cause nitrogen loss and low use efficiency. 【Conclusion】 The appropriate application mode for sugarcane is applied twice at the mount of 138 -276 kgN/ha.
PaperMaker: validation of biomedical scientific publications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: The automatic analysis of scientific literature can support authors in writing their manuscripts. Implementation: PaperMaker is a novel IT solution that receives a scientific manuscript via a Web interface, automatically analyses the publication, evaluates consistency parameters and interactively delivers feedback to the author. It analyses the proper use of acronyms and their definitions, and the use of specialized terminology. It provides Gene Ontology (GO) and Medline Subject Headings (MeSH) categorization of text passages, the retrieval of relevant publications from public scientific literature repositories, and the identification of missing or unused references. Result: The author receives a summary of findings, the manuscript in its corrected form and a digital abstract containing the GO and MeSH annotations in the NLM/PubMed format. Availability: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Rebholz-srv/PaperMaker Contact: rebholz@ebi.ac.uk
Virus detection and characterization in cereal crops by high throughput sequencing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cereals are annual common grasses in the Poaceae family, formerly known as the Gramineae. Grains are the most popular cereal product and account for more than 50% of all calories consumed globally. Grain crop yields are at risk from disease infections; in severe cases, production might decrease by 80%. Therefore, the agricultural biosecurity system in the United States has put in place biosecurity measures to restrict and reduce the financial impact of pathogen infections represented by the USDA-APHIS- Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program (PGQP). Rapid diagnostics methods are required for disease surveillance and monitoring to avoid pathogen spread. In this regard, High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) holds great promise for the simultaneous detection and surveillance of many possible plant pathogens. Microbe Finder (MiFi®) is a graphical user interface for bioinformatics designed to fill the gap between pathogen detection and HTS. The objectives of this study are to develop a novel diagnostic tool capable of detecting the 31 Poaceae viruses restricted by the USDA-APHIS-PGQP and to describe and characterize two new viral genomes infecting Miscanthus sinensis leaf tissue described on HTS metagenomic sequencing. E-probes were designed, curated, and tested in silico using a metagenome spiked with the virus sequence. The theoretical limit of detection was assessed for three of those viruses using in silico predictive models. In vitro validation was conducted with nine viruses from the sugarcane plant HTS sequenced by Illumina and MinION to compare different methods of sequence and tested on MiFi®. New PCR primers for the 31 viruses were also designed for confirmation, and sequencing obtained by both outputs were assessed by mapping to reference. For the second objective new virus sequences were analyzed and annotated using Geneious Prime v.2021.2.2 and the complete genome sequence was reported to ICTV. Primers were designed for PCR amplification and confirmation. Sanger sequence and biological assays with 22 different species of plants were conducted to observe the transmissibility and reliability of the HTS sequence. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to reveal the family and genus the two new viruses are grouped.
Langmuir Probe Measurements in the Discharge Channel of a 6-kW Hall Thruster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In an effort to understand the role of neutral flow dynamics in the operation of Hall thrusters, a cylindrical Langmuir probe was used to measure the electron temperature, floating potential, and ion number density in the discharge channel of a 6-kW Hall thruster operating at 300 V and anode flow rates of 10, 20, and 30 mg/s. To isolate the effect of propellant flow rate, the cathode flow fraction and magnetic field topology were held constant while varying magnetic field strength to minimize discharge current while maximizing thrust. The probe was inserted and removed from the discharge channel by a high-speed positioning system at nine radial locations. The peak ion density calculated by the thin sheath analysis technique was typically upstream of the peak electron temperature location by 3-5% of the channel length. The peak ion density calculated by the orbitalmotion limited analysis technique coincided with the peak electron temperature location. The peak electron temperature dropped by approximately 5 eV and moved downstream by 3-5% of the channel length for each addition of 10 mg/s. The electron cooling was attributed to increased electron-neutral collisions. The results indicate a strong dependence between neutral flow rate and the peak plasma property magnitude and location.
Coupling between subwavelength nano-slit lattice modes and metal-insulator-graphene cavity modes: a semi-analytical model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a semi-analytical model of the resonance phenomena occurring in a hybrid system made of a 1D array of periodic subwavelength slits deposited on an insulator/graphene layer. We show that the spectral response of this hybrid system can be fully explained by a simple semi-analytical model based on a weak and strong couplings between two elementary sub-systems. The first elementary sub-system consists of a 1D array of periodic subwavelength slits viewed as a homogeneous medium. In this medium lives a metal-insulator-metal lattice mode interacting with surface and cavity plasmon modes. A weak coupling with surface plasmon modes on both faces of the perforated metal film leads to a broadband spectrum while a strong coupling between this first sub-system and a second one made of a graphene-insulator-metal gap leads to a narrow band spectrum. We provide a semi-analytical model based on these two interactions allowing to efficiently access the full spectrum of the hybrid system.