jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experience with olaparib in a patient with luminal HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hereditary breast cancer (BC) accounts for about 5-10% of cases. BRCA-associated tumors have been identified as a separate group of malignant neoplasms with distinctive clinical manifestations and specific treatment features. Understanding of biological mechanisms leading to cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and discovery of potential molecular targets, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), involved in base excision repair mechanisms, led to the development of a new class of targeted drugs belonging to the PARP inhibitors group. PARP inhibition leads to the preservation of single-stranded DNA breaks, the arrest of the replication fork, and the realization of the “synthetic lethality” phenomenon due to the inability to repair double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination in cells with mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes. Two randomized trials OlympiAD and EMBRACA evaluated and proved the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in patients with metastatic BRCA-mutated HER2-negative breast cancer in comparison with standard chemotherapy. At the same time, data on the potential use of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA-mutated HER2-positive breast cancer patients are extremely limited. This article presents a clinical example of the use of olaparib in a patient with BRCA-mutated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.
PREFERENCE FOR MIXED VERSUS CONSTANT DELAYS OF REINFORCEMENT: EFFECT OF PROBABILITY OF THE SHORT, MIXED DELAY

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Preference for mixed versus constant delays of reinforcement was studied with a concurrent‐chain procedure. Lever pressing by rats in concurrently available variable‐interval 60‐second initial links occasionally produced mutually exclusive terminal‐link reinforcement delays. A constant delay of reinforcement (either 15 seconds or 30 seconds) composed one terminal link and mixed delays (.2 second and twice the value of the constant delay) were arranged in the other terminal link. The proportion of .2‐second delays in the mixed‐delay terminal link took on values of 0, .1, .25, .5, .75, .9, and 1.0 over experimental conditions. Based on relative rates of responding in the initial links, preference for the mixed delays was a negatively accelerated function of the proportion of short, mixed delays. Three of five rats preferred the mixed delays to the constant delays when the proportion of short, mixed delays was .1 or higher, and all five rats preferred the mixed delays when the proportion of short, mixed delays was .25 or higher. Neither Squires and Fantino's (1971) delay‐reduction model of choice nor a model based on the harmonic mean reinforcement delay provided a close estimate of choice proportions over the range of short‐delay proportions studied. The delay‐reduction model underestimated choice for the mixed delays at low and intermediate proportions of short delays, and the harmonic‐mean‐delay model overestimated choice for the mixed delays at intermediate and high proportions of short delays.
Distribution-valued weak solutions to a parabolic problem arising in financial mathematics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study distribution-valued solutions to a parabolic problem that arises from a model of the Black-Scholes equation in option pricing. We give a minor generalization of known existence and uniqueness results for solutions in bounded domains $Omega subset mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ to give existence of solutions for certain classes of distributions $fin mathcal{D}'(Omega)$. We also study growth conditions for smooth solutions of certain parabolic equations on $mathbb{R}^nimes (0,T)$ that have initial values in the space of distributions.
“Clickable” Polymer-Caged Nanobins as a Modular Drug Delivery Platform

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Modularly clickable polymer-caged nanobins (PCNs) were prepared from liposome templates using a drop-in cholesterol-modified poly(acrylic acid) reagent followed by cross-linking with alkyne-functionalized diamine linker that allows for the conjugation of azide-modified targeting ligands via click ligation. These PCNs possess pH-responsive characteristics that can be used to trigger the release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DXR) payload inside the liposomal core under mild acidic conditions. After click-conjugation with azide-modified folate as an active targeting ligand, the resulting folate-conjugated, DXR-loaded PCNs (f-PCN(DXR)) demonstrated enhanced potency to folate receptor (FR)-positive tumor cells such as KB and OvCa432 over FR-negative MCF7 cells. f-PCN(DXR) can readily discriminate FR-positive tumor cells as a function of the level of cellular FR-expression, showing different degrees of potentiation in each cell. With both targeting functionalities and pH-sensitive drug-releasing triggers, f-PCN(DXR) was fifty-times more potent than the untargeted agent toward cancer cells that overexpress the folate target receptors.
What to buy, Pepper? – Bridging the Physical and the Digital World with Recommendations from Humanoid Robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While e-commerce has flourished in the past decades, brick-and-mortar retail stores face increasing challenges in attracting customers. Prior research indicates that humanoid robots may constitute a promising means to counteract this development. However, their capability to acquire and make use of rich information from the physical world (e.g. regarding customers' physical characteristics) in combination with knowledge from (online) databases has not been adequately exploited yet. Thus, we aim at bringing together the best of the physical and the digital world by supplementing the traditional consultation process in brick-and-mortar retail stores with humanoid robots. Following a design-oriented approach, we propose a novel knowledge-based humanoid robot recommender process. We demonstrate our approach in cooperation with an optician and evaluate it using a customer survey and expert interviews. Results show that the approach achieves the design objectives and yields high customer satisfaction.
[Clinical research advances of endoscopic tympanoplasty].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endoscopic ear surgery has been applied in therapy of chronic suppurative otitis media and middle ear cholesteatoma these years. Offering a minimally invasive approach, it requires more experience and skills. The comparative outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty remains unclear. Therefore, this article summarizes clinical research results of two surgical approaches, hoping to provide references for choice of endoscopy on treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media and middle ear cholesteatoma.
The Future of Transport and Tourism: A Delphi Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the findings of a Delphi approach survey of 45 experts in the North West of England predicting outcomes in transport and tourism within a 10-year period. The Delphi achieves a broad consensus that tourism will grow in the region despite outbound low cost flights. It predicts little change in transport infrastructure for tourism, transport policy or market values of tourists. It also records a lack of consensus about several dimensions; this is a reflection of perspective regarding sustainable development rather than a sectoral divide.
Understanding the Role of Linguistic Complexity in Famous Trial Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Famous trials not only generate immense popularity and intrigue, they also have the power to change history. Surprisingly, little research examines the use of complex language during these culturally-significant trial outcomes. In the present study, we helped fill in this gap by evaluating the relationship between attorneys’ use of integratively complex language and trial outcomes. Using the well-validated Automated Integrative Complexity scoring system, we analyzed the complexity of language in the opening and closing statements of famous trials. We found that higher levels of integrative complexity led to a significant increase in winning outcomes, but only for the prosecution. Further, this effect was driven by elaborative forms of complexity and not dialectical forms of complexity. Taken together, these results fill a large gap in our understanding of how language might influence the outcomes of culturally-significant legal proceedings.
Effects of CAI Feedback on Different Learning Tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study is an attempt to reduce the gap between previous research findings and available knowledge about feedback necessary for courseware designers in designing actual CAI. This study examined the impact of three different feedback conditions (YES- NO feedback, KR; Correct answer feedback, KCR; and Correct answer plus information feedback, KCRI) on acquisition of two different types of learning tasks (declarative knowledge and hierarchical knowledge) with regard to three instructional outcomes : effectiveness, efficiency and appeal. The sample for this investigation cons is ted of 60 undergraduate student colunteers from 25 different departments of Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. They were randomly assigned to one of the three feedback groups : KR, KCR and KCRI. A CAI lesson designed to teach four social science concepts was presented. Each student studied a text and practiced with questions in one of the three feedback modes. After the practice, the learner took a pos ttest and evaluated the model of feedback he or she received during the practice in a semantic differential scale format. One week later a retention test was administered. The results indicated that KCRI feedback was the most effective feedback in acquiring declarative knowledge as well as hierarchical knowledge; the KCR was superior to the KR in the acquisition of declarative knowledge but there was no significant between the KCR and the KR in the acquisition of hierarchical knowledge; the KCR and KCRI were similar in the efficiency of declarative knowledge acquisition; the KCRI was the most efficient in the acquisition of hierarchical knowledge; the KR feedback was the most ineffective and ineffiecient feedback for both types of knowledge acquisition; the KCR and KCRI were evaluated by the learners as more potent, fruitful and pleasant modes of feedback than the KR. The results of this study indicated that the characteristics of learning tasks have to be considered as an important variable in examining the feedback effects. In other words, when the task variable is ignored, and the quality of feedback message is undifferentiated, there is a possible danger of attributing the feedback effects to the mere appearance of the feedback mode. The researcher concluded that the analyses reported in previous studies (Gilman, 1969; Roper, 1977; Lhyle & Kulhavy, 1987) on overall posttest results with no differentiation of learning tasks do not explain the feedback effects as clearly as the separate analyses differentiated by the characteristics of learning tasks. The study shows a possibility of designing optimum feedback messages by differentiating the learning tasks.
Digital Europe – Chance for Job in Hungary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 35 percents of EU total population use the advanced Internet services. This rate is very low and has to increase in the next years, because the employed person needs ICT user's skills. At the first level the digital literacy and at the second level the higher knowledge of ICT acquiring is very important, because nowadays, without these abilities it is not so easy to get qualified jobs in Hungary. In the information society it is very important to measure the digital literacy. For this measuring we have to ask the users to evaluate their own knowledge. In the World Internet Project evaluation we did not find a significant disparity between the evaluation of average Internet knowledge usage and that of the computer usage. In both cases, most people thought that their knowledge was good. Approximately every tenth person surveyed characterized his or her knowledge as outstanding and in a similar proportion the users thought their knowledge is weak. Taking part in organized courses and training can help to increase the digital literacy and ICT users’ skills. This taking part is decreasing parallel with increasing of age. That is why we need to take into account how we can connect these “older” people to the lifelong learning programmes, where we use the e-Learning tools. Nowadays, the importance of e-Learning is growing rapidly, partly due to the information and communication technologies in the information/knowledge-based society is developing. The goal is to enable the knowledge and skills to help the individual to become an active member of society, teamwork, motivation, and to possess the skills necessary for finding a place in the labour market.
Learning Cities: Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Development through Collaborative Partnerships

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the central role of learning cities in promoting sustainable urban development through collaborative partnerships. Based on the learning city model, this study emphasizes the importance of integrated strategies to improve community well-being. It examines the role of partnerships in addressing sustainability challenges, echoing the objectives of the Jean-Monnet SSIASDG network. Furthermore, it addresses the theme of social innovation and the interconnection between economic, political, and social spheres to foster change in cities. Despite persistent challenges such as institutional constraints and limited coordination, this study advocates a paradigm shift towards prioritizing the collective good. By promoting partnerships and embracing holistic problem solving, cities can become sustainable and resilient drivers, contributing to a more equitable future. Learning Cities: Veicoli di sviluppo urbano sostenibile tramite partnership collaborative. Il contributo esplora il ruolo centrale delle città che apprendono nel promuovere lo sviluppo urbano sostenibile attraverso partenariati collaborativi. Basandosi sul modello della learning city, il saggio sottolinea l’importanza delle strategie integrate per migliorare il benessere della comunità. Esamina il ruolo dei partenariati nell’affrontare le sfide della sostenibilità, facendo eco agli obiettivi della rete Jean Monnet SSIASDG. Inoltre, si sofferma sul concetto di innovazione sociale e dell’interconnessione tra sfera economica, politica e sociale per favorire il cambiamento nelle città. Nonostante le sfide persistenti, come i vincoli istituzionali e il coordinamento limitato, il documento sostiene la necessità del cambiamento di paradigma che dia priorità al bene collettivo. Promuovendo le partnership e abbracciando la soluzione olistica dei problemi, le città possono diventare motori sostenibili e resilienti, contribuendo a un futuro più equo.
IDDF2019-ABS-0244 Percutaneous needle aspiration vs. pigtail catheter drainage in amoebic liver abscess: report from a single centre in mining area of india

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Amoebic Liver Abscess (ALA) is one of the most common infectious diseases of the liver in mining areas of India due to the widespread consumption of alcohol. Although mortality rate has come down from 90% in the early 20th century to 10%, still ALA leads to significant morbidity, absence from work, and expenditures. Treatment of large ALA could be done either by Percutaneous Needle Aspiration (PNA) or Percutaneous Catheter Drainage (PCD) or Surgery.

Methods

It was a retrospective study done over three years period from October 2015 up to September 2018 in all patients with ALA (>5 cm) who underwent either PNA or PCD.

Results

Total of 37 patients' data were found; however, only 32 could be analysed as incomplete data was present in the rest 5 patients. Eighteen patients underwent PNA and 14 underwent PCD. Clinical recovery was found in both (PNA vs. PCD) groups in almost comparable time ( 21 days vs. 18 days; p=0.1). However, we had given antibiotics in both groups for 28 days as per our protocol. One patient developed percutaneous sinus tract was formed as a major complication in PCD group, however, no complications were found in PNA group. In PNA group one patient underwent surgery due to non-resolving abscess, ongoing severe sepsis, and multi-organ failure. No mortality was observed in any groups. However, the total cost of therapy was significantly low in PNA group as compared to PCD group (266.67$ vs. 400 $).

Conclusions

PNA with antibiotics should be the first option in poor resource areas in the management of large ALA.
Blueberry extract for the treatment of ischaemic stroke through regulating the gut microbiota and kynurenine metabolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although the gut microbiota and kynurenine (KYN) metabolism have significant protective effects against ischaemic stroke (IS), the exact mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Combined serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to reveal the differences between the gut microbiota and metabolites in rats treated with or without blueberry extract. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to validate the protective role of the gut microbiota in IS. Furthermore, the interaction between Prevotella and IS was also confirmed in patients. Rats with IS experienced neurological impairments accompanied by an impaired intestinal barrier and disturbed intestinal flora, which further contributed to heightened inflammatory responses. Furthermore, Prevotella played a critical role in IS pathophysiology, and a positive correlation between Prevotella and KYN was detected. The role of KYN metabolism in IS was further demonstrated by the finding that IDO was significantly upregulated and that the use of the IDO inhibitor, attenuated KYN metabolic pathway activity and ameliorated neurological damage in rats with IS. Prevotella intervention also significantly improved stroke symptoms and decreasing KYN levels in rats with IS. FMT showed that the beneficial effects of blueberry extract on IS involve gut bacteria, especially Prevotella, which were confirmed by microbiological analyses conducted on IS patients. Moreover, blueberry extract led to significant changes in kynurenic acid levels and tryptophan and IDO levels through interactions with Prevotella. Our study demonstrates for the first time that blueberry extract could modulate “intestinal microecology‐KYN metabolism” to improve IS.
Conversion and “Community” in Amazonia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter describes the new cosmology of comunidade, or “community,” in Amazonia. It also considers how the Culina Indians have responded to two different forms of missionization, one Catholic, the other Protestant. In particular, it addresses the work of two of the principal missionary groups, the American Protestant Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) and the Brazilian Catholic Conselho Indigenista Missionário, in the discussion of the Culina. CIMI missionaries have initiated several projects among the Culina, all of which have so far failed to stimulate interest or villagewide support. Culina become distinctly uncomfortable in multiethnic or pan-Indian contexts. SIL saw literacy as a means to deliver the Word of God to individuals.
Managing the progressive awakening of Karthala volcano (Comoros Archipelago) after 14 years of quiescence: lessons learned from a long phase (2021-2023) of unrest.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Karthala shield volcano (Grande Comore) is the most frequently active volcano of the Comoros Archipelago. On a centennial scale, Karthala alternates phases of dominantly eccentric activity, when eruptive fissures open along the rift zones cutting the northern and southern volcano flanks, with phases of dominantly summit activity. As a whole, the volcano alternates periods of intense activity (4 eruptions in the 2005-2007 period) with decade-long periods of total rest. Since 1926, the activity of the volcano has occurred inside or close to the summit caldera, with the notable exception of the 1977 eruption located at a low altitude on the SW flank, close to the village of Tsingani. The last eruption occurred in 2007 in the northern part of the summit caldera.The Centre National de Documentation et de Recherche Scientifique (CNDRS) of Comoros is in charge of volcanic and seismic monitoring for the three islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan and Moheli. The headquarters of the Karthala Volcano Observatory (OVK) are located on Grande Comore. Geophysical and geochemical volcano monitoring and educational programs are performed in collaboration with international partners, while communication during seismo-volcanic events is performed in collaboration with the Civil Defence and a panel of stakeholders.Since November 2021, the OVK seismic network has detected the beginning of a new phase of unrest, after 14 years of quiescence. Swarms of deep eccentric seismicity below the western flank and minor shallow seismicity below the summit during June-October 2022 have been associated with significant movement of the western flank of the volcano towards the satellite as detected by satellite radar interferometry. A continuous trend of subsidence is measured inside the summit crater, possibly related to cooling of the 2007 lava lake. Geochemical monitoring has confirmed the absence of major changes in composition or temperature of the summit intra-caldera fumaroles and the occurrence of CO2 soil emissions mostly focused on the volcano flanks.On one side, the early detection of a possible dyke injection below the edifice, the progressive awakening of the volcano and the existence of major international cooperation programs (Interreg &#8220;Hatari&#8221;) have facilitated the rapid consolidation of the scientific and operational framework and have permitted to inform the national authorities and the population regularly. Conversely, the long duration of the alert represents a major challenge in maintaining a permanent and efficient scientific-operational interface able to face the several possible scenarios associated with the reawakening of Karthala volcano.