jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE PROCESS OF EGG-LAYING IN THE CHAETOGNATHSAGITTA HISPIDA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. There is considerable disagreement in the literature concerning the manner in which eggs are fertilized and reach the exterior in chaetognaths, even in studies on the same species. This study makes use of observations on populations of living animals maintained in the laboratory, and of material fixed at known stages of the egg-laying process, and provides photographic evidence to illustrate the points enumerated below.2. There is a single duct, serving both as an oviduct and sperm duct in the female reproductive system of the chaetognath Sagitta hispida, which runs from the gonopore anteriorly along the outer border of each ovary.3. Following fertilization eggs slowly pass through the germinal epithelium (crescent) through pores much smaller than their own diameter into this duct, and displace the sperm in it.4. The eggs, which become cylindrically compressed, are extruded very rapidly from the duct to the exterior by a combination of muscular forces, and deposited in a mucous matrix onto a surface to which the animal is attached.
Free-Range wild Boars (Sus scrofa) and Rabies in Brazil: Absence of Molecular Detection in the Central Nervous System of Seropositive Animals.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Samples of brain cortex of 12 free-range healthy wild boars from Southern Brazil were tested for RABV by dFAT and qPCR, all negative. The negative results in seropositive healthy wild boars may be associated with exposure of non-viable virus particles, virus proteins by bat saliva or consumption of contaminated carcasses.
Stakeholders' Attitudes Change on Wood Biomass Utilization by Online Deliberation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

本研究では，インターネットを用いたオンライン実験により，木質バイオマスの利活用について，上流(供給)から下流(需要)までのステークホルダー34人が，3回の専門知の提供を受けながら2週間をかけて熟議を行った．得られた知見は以下のとおりである．1) 総論としての木質バイオマス利活用に対する賛否については，熟議を経て賛成が若干増加した．2) 今後の関与意向については，中間・需要側では，現在以上の負担や手間をかけてもよいという層と協力できないと回答した層に分かれ，供給側では，コストが増えることは許容できないが採算がとれるなら協力するという姿勢が増えている．3) 本実験の効果については，多数の参加者が意見をうまく表明できたと考え，自主的な情報収集や参加者間での相互作用が起きている．
Mechanisms of spindle bipolarity establishment in acentrosomal human cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Centrosomes are not absolutely essential for cell division; acentrosomal bipolar spindles can be established in oocytes and centrosome-eliminated somatic cells. However, the detailed mechanisms describing how spindle bipolarity is established without centrosomes are not completely understood. We have recently demonstrated that in acentrosomal human cells, nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) assemblies-mediated microtubule asters and EG5 promote spindle bipolarization in early mitosis.
Structured Domain Adaptation With Online Relation Regularization for Unsupervised Person Re-ID

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims at adapting the model trained on a labeled source-domain dataset to an unlabeled target-domain dataset. The task of UDA on open-set person reidentification (re-ID) is even more challenging as the identities (classes) do not have overlap between the two domains. One major research direction was based on domain translation, which, however, has fallen out of favor in recent years due to inferior performance compared with pseudo-label-based methods. We argue that domain translation has great potential on exploiting valuable source-domain data but the existing methods did not provide proper regularization on the translation process. Specifically, previous methods only focus on maintaining the identities of the translated images while ignoring the intersample relations during translation. To tackle the challenges, we propose an end-to-end structured domain adaptation framework with an online relation-consistency regularization term. During training, the person feature encoder is optimized to model intersample relations on-the-fly for supervising relation-consistency domain translation, which in turn improves the encoder with informative translated images. The encoder can be further improved with pseudo labels, where the source-to-target translated images with ground-truth identities and target-domain images with pseudo identities are jointly used for training. In the experiments, our proposed framework is shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on multiple UDA tasks of person re-ID. With the synthetic→real translated images from our structured domain-translation network, we achieved second place in the Visual Domain Adaptation Challenge (VisDA) in 2020.
Effects of pioglitazone on lipid-induced insulin resistance in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism,circulating resistin and adiponectin concentrations,and tissue resistin levels in rats with insulin resistance induced by free fatty acid (FFA).Methods A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and[3-~3H]-glucose tracing technique were used in awake rats.Insulin-mediated peripheral and hepatic glucose metabolism,plasma resistin and adipenectin levels, resistin levels in tissues were assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp with elevation of FFA by lipid infusion over 4 h in rats pretreated with or without pioglitazone.Results During steady-state of clamp,there was a significant increase in plasma FFA in lipid-infused group(L group)and pioglitazone-pretreated lipid-infused group(P/L group)compared to control rats(P＜0.01).The glucose infusion rate(GIR)in P/L group was significantly reduced as compared with controls[(20.6±0.9 vs 33.6±1.5)mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),P＜0.01], whereas the GIR was lower in L group than in P/L group[(12.6±0.8 vs 20.6±0.9)mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),P＜0.01].As compared with baseline,the hepatic glucose production(HGP)was significantly suppressed by 85% [(18.3±2.1 vs 2.7+2.4)mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1) and (17.5±2.6 vs 2.6±1.0)mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),both P＜0.01]during the hyperinsulinaemic clamp in control and P/L groups.The suppressive effect of insulin on HGP was significantly blunted in L group[(17.3±2.1 vs 15.8±1.5]mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)].The rate of glucose disappearance(G_(Rd))was reduced in L group and P/L group compared with controls(P＜0.01).Baseline plasma resistin level was lower in P/L group than that in the controls[(7.8±1.3 vs 29.1±3.1)μg/L,P＜0.01].After lipid infusion,plasma resistin levels significantly increased in P/L group,but remained lower than that of L group [(18.1±3.8 vs 47.0±2.2)μg/L,P＜0.01].Baseline adiponectin level was higher in P/L group than those in the controls and L groups[(3.9±0.2 vs 2.8±0.1 and 2.6±0.2)mg/L,P＜0.01].After clamp,plasma adiponectin levels were decreased in L group and L/P group compared with baseline(both P＜0.05).In addition, the resistin level in the liver of P/L group decreased compared with the controls and L groups(both P＜0.05), whereas significantly increased in the muscle of L group.Conclusion Lipid infusion induces an acute insulin- resistance in vivo.Pioglitazone pretreatment partly prevents FFA-induced insulin resistance possibly by changing resistin and adiponectin levels.
The binding of animal low-density lipoproteins to human apolipoprotein(a)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. It is composed of lipids and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] linked to apolipoprotein B (apoB) by a disulphide bond between Cys-4057 of apo(a)'s kringle 36 and possibly Cys-3734 of apoB. We call this the covalent apo(a): apoB-Lp interaction, to distinguish it from the non-covalent apo(a)/Lp(a): apoB-Lp interaction, which is probably mediated by apo(a)'s kringle 33 and residues 3304-3317 of apoB. The non-covalent interaction could be the initial interaction which brings apo(a) and apoB together prior to covalent linkage and Lp(a) formation. The non-covalent apo(a)/Lp(a)-binding site on apoB is evolutionarily more ancient than the covalent apo(a)-binding site on apoB. Both human and non-human low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) bind non-covalently to human apo(a)/Lp(a); however, only rabbit and human LDLs bind covalently to human apo(a). The non-covalent interaction between mouse LDL and human apo(a)/Lp(a) has a Kd of (1.7 +/- 1.33) x 10(-7) M (n = 3). This explains the co-localization of human apo(a) and mouse apoB in the atherosclerotic lesions of human apo(a) transgenic mice and supports our hypothesis that the non-covalent interaction is a contributing factor to apo(a) atherogenicity.
Intercepted Epidemic Situation of Imported Plants in Changzhou Port

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper analyzes the situation of intercepted pests of imported plants in Changzhou port from 2006 to 2014, e.g. 657 species(genus) of pests, including 44 species(genus) of quarantine pests, were intercepted in the port during this period. Among all of the quarantine pests, the dominant pests were insects, followed by weeds and nematodes. The species of pests have increased steadily year by year. However, since the second half of 2013 when some new businesses, such as cereal grains and timbers imports, were started, the number of intercepted quarantine pest species has increased obviously. In 2014, 20 species(genus) of quarantine pests had been intercepted 140 times., And the paper puts forward several suggestions in allusion to the existing problems.
Alteration of Nutrients of vegetable Bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) after infected with Alternaria alternata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Capsicum annum L. (Sweet pepper or bell pepper) belongs to family. This vegetable plant was known to be cultivated from at least 10,000 years (Kew Science). Commonly consumed either raw or cooked, it also used for food decoration purpose all over world. It is a best source of Vitamin C and other nutrients. Provides aroma and hotness due to presence of capsaicin the fruit. Brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is most common disease found throughout the field and vegetable markets of Maharashtra. It was reported both preharvest and post-harvest pathogen, and humid climate make severity of disease worst. It causes quality and quantity loss to vegetable. In vitro inoculation and pathogenicity were tested and later nutrient content were analysed. Here we find that Water content, Total Carbohydrate, Reducing sugar, Dietary fibres, Lipids, vitamin C, Chlorophyll content was decline while protein, free amino acids and dry matter was found to be slightly elevated when compared with control.
Elastic and electronic properties of hexagonal rhenium sub-nitrides Re3N and Re2N in comparison with hcp-Re and wurtzite-like rhenium mononitride ReN

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Very recently, two new hexagonal rhenium sub-nitrides Re3N and Re2N, which belong to a rather rare group of known metal-rich (M/N > 1) nitrides of heavy 4d,5d metals, have been successfully synthesized, and their potential technological applications as ultra-incompressible materials have been proposed. In this work we present a detailed ab initio study of novel rhenium sub-nitrides in comparison with hcp-Re and wurtzite-like rhenium mono-nitride ReN, with the purpose to evaluate the trends of the elastic, electronic properties and chemical bonding in the series of these hexagonal systems as a function of the Re/N stoichiometry: Re \rightarrow Re3N \rightarrow Re2N \rightarrow ReN.
Effectiveness of Neural Network Learning Rules Generated by a Biophysical Model of Synaptic Plasticity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We describe our initial attempts to reconcile powerful neural network learning rules derived from computational principles with learning rules derived “bottom-up” from biophysical mechanisms. Using a biophysical model of synaptic plasticity (Shouval, Bear, and Cooper, 2002), we generated numerical synaptic learning rules and compared them to the performance of a Hebbian learning rule in a previously studied neural network model of self-organized learning. In general, the biophysically derived learning rules did not perform as well as the analytic rule, but their performance could be improved by adjusting various aspects of the biophysical model. These results show that some progress has been made in integrating our understanding of biological and artificial neural networks.
Blended Learning Modality in the New Normal Inputs Localized Learning Management System Proposal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Blended learning is the combination of online distant learning being used in the schools. In the city where connectivity is proven, there are students who can adapt and yet there are also students who do not have a connectivity. In this way problem arises. We asked parents about this platform and from the parents themselves agreed from the school survey favored the digital modular learning. But in other localities preferred other modalities of learning. A lot of research involves teachers but seldom on the parents’ side. This is the researcher’s attempt to hear from the side of the parents and be a contributor to the effectiveness of Blended learning modality in Rizal High School. This study aimed to determine the Blended Learning Modality in the new normal and propose an input localized learning management system in the school. Specifically, it sought to answers the following problems: 1) what is the profile of parents’ respondents in terms of the following variables: Age; Educational background; Type of Internet connection; Gadget Access at home? 2) What is the assessment of respondents in the blended learning modality of the school in terms of the following variables: Platform & Support and Governance and Challenges encountered in the blended learning modality by the group of respondents? 3.) Is there significant relationship in the assessment of parents towards blended learning modality in terms of type of internet connection they have at home? 4. What proposal from the parents as inputs in the localized blended learning modality of Rizal High School? The descriptive method of research employed in this study. The subjects of the study were the parents at Rizal High School primarily the researcher’s handled section.
The feasibility of degradable glass microspheres as transient embolic medical devices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The deliberate occlusion of blood flow through transarterial embolization is currently being used to treat conditions ranging from hemorrhages to hypervascular tumors. Degradable, imageable high borate glass microspheres (BRS2) were developed and tested to improve lesion targeting and promote a temporary vascular occlusion which is sufficient for most embolization procedure. A 48 hour pilot study, in a swine renal model, was conducted to assess the embolization effectiveness and potential risks of this new embolic agent. Bilateral embolization of the caudal branch of the renal arteries using test and control particles were performed in 4 pigs. Embolization efficacy, recanalization and resulting ischemia were evaluated at different time frame (0, 24 and 48 hours). The primary outcomes for this study were the assessment of: (i) embolization effectiveness, and (ii) vessel recanalization. The test article was found to occlude vessels as effectively as the control microspheres, with the use of a smaller volume of microspheres. At the 24 hour time point, over 95% of the material was found to be completely degraded, although little to no recanalization was observed. This data suggests that BRS2 is an effective embolic agent, however further investigations into the method of delivery are required prior to clinical implementation.
Measurements and numerical simulations of snow-particle saltation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

First, wind-tunnel experiments were carried out to measure the trajectories of saltating snow particles with varying friction velocity. Trajectories of saltating particles were recorded by a video system with a laser sheet and trajectory statistics, such as ejection and impact velocities and angles, were obtained for each particle. Parabolic trajectories are considerably elongated with an increase in the friction velocity; impact angle was approximately the same but ejection angle decreased with increasing friction velocity. Furthermore, it should be noted that the gradient of flux decay with height decreased with friction velocity. In the experiments, a snow-particle counter, which can sense not only the number of particles but also their diameters, was introduced. The flux distribution and the transport rate obtained as a function of the particle size gave a new insight into the relationship with the friction velocity. Trajectories of saltating grains were computed, using the measurements of the initial ejection velocities, angles and the mean velocity profile of the air. The results agreed reasonably with our measurements. Using the measured probability distribution of the ejection velocities, an ensemble of trajectories was computed and thence the vertical profiles of stream-wise fluxes. The exponential decay of the flux on height was obtained in all cases and it supports the basic validity of the model, although agreement is less than expected.
4 ‘The general atmosphere of this admission unit is reassuring and optimistic’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses a new, purpose-designed admission and treatment unit, built in the mid-1950s for Fair Mile Hospital in Cholsey, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), England. Placed under the remit of the British National Health Service, it was designed by a leading architectural firm. Through the analysis of administrative hospital records (as access to patient records remains restricted) and the professional papers of the architects, this chapter argues that the psychiatric reform these architects envisioned was two-fold. It comprised, firstly, the notion of deinstitutionalisation (albeit an early version of its various and nuanced readings, which involved giving mental healthcare buildings a non-institutional character), and secondly, the medical model of mental health (both the overarching shift towards treatment and specifically the adoption of physical treatments and the aspiration to align mental and physical healthcare provision). To reach these ends, from an architectural point of view, the architects adopted the design principles of architectural modernism and expanded their design practices to embrace interdisciplinary research on hospital architecture. Their engagement meant that, among the visionaries aiming to reform post-war psychiatry in this strongly transitional period, actors from outside the mental health field joined those more internally implicated. The research aims to complement the extensive literature on Victorian asylums by contributing to the development of the largely fragmentary, but growing, scholarship on mental healthcare architecture in the twentieth century, especially the virtually absent post-war period.
Unilateral Agenesis of Internal Carotid Artery with Intercavernous Anastomosis: A Rare Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unilateral agenesis of internal carotid artery (ICA) with intercavernous anastomosis is a rare congenital anomaly. We present a case of a 25-year-old female with 2-month history of holocranial headache. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed absence of left ICA with an abnormal intercavernous vessel in the sella. Computed tomography (CT) showed absence of the left carotid canal. Doppler ultrasonography (USG) showed high resistance flow in the left common carotid artery (CCA). Since no hemorrhage or aneurysm was seen, patient was managed conservatively and is on regular follow-up. Based on our knowledge, this is the first case to demonstrate the features of unilateral agenesis of ICA with intercavernous anastomosis in X-ray, Doppler USG, CT, and MRI scans of the brain.
Osteomyelitis of the femur head in a pediatric patient.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the femur head is discussed. This article emphasizes the importance of radiographic examination in posttraumatic cases. We describe the common radiographic appearance of osteomyelitis, and then the appropriate mode of treatment for the patient via antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement/curettage.
Using Social Media to Understand Web-Based Social Factors Concerning Obesity: Systematic Review (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Evidence in the literature surrounding obesity suggests that social factors play a substantial role in the spread of obesity. Although social ties with a friend who is obese increase the probability of becoming obese, the role of social media in this dynamic remains underexplored in obesity research. Given the rapid proliferation of social media in recent years, individuals socialize through social media and share their health-related daily routines, including dieting and exercising. Thus, it is timely and imperative to review previous studies focused on social factors in social media and obesity.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine web-based social factors in relation to obesity research.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review. We searched PubMed, Association for Computing Machinery, and ScienceDirect for articles published by July 5, 2019. Web-based social factors that are related to obesity behaviors were studied and analyzed.

RESULTS

In total, 1608 studies were identified from the selected databases. Of these 1608 studies, 50 (3.11%) studies met the eligibility criteria. In total, 10 types of web-based social factors were identified, and a socioecological model was adopted to explain their potential impact on an individual from varying levels of web-based social structure to social media users’ connection to the real world.

CONCLUSIONS

We found 4 levels of interaction in social media. Gender was the only factor found at the individual level, and it affects user’s web-based obesity-related behaviors. Social support was the predominant factor identified, which benefits users in their weight loss journey at the interpersonal level. Some factors, such as stigma were also found to be associated with a healthy web-based social environment. Understanding the effectiveness of these factors is essential to help users create and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Efficacy and safety of perrectal 400 microgram misoprostol versus intravenous 200 microgram methylergometrine in the management of third stage of labor for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Objective: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity during childbirth, especially in developing countries. Misoprostol is a cheap, safe, widely available, and stable at room temperature, does not required any intravenous accesses and having few mild side effects. In resource-poor countries with limited facilities, misoprostol may be one of the important interventions to prevent PPH. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of perrectal low dose misoprostol for the prevention of PPH. Method: We designed a prospective randomized control trial, single centre study. 138 indoor low risk pregnant women with gestational age at least 37 weeks who anticipated vaginal delivery were randomly assigned to perrectal 400 microgram misoprostol (n = 71) or intravenous 200 microgram (n = 67) methylergometrine after delivery of baby and placenta. The primary outcome was incidence of PPH (estimated blood loss >500 ml after delivery of baby and placenta). Results: In this study out of 138 low risk pregnancy, no women developed PPH, no patient required additional dose of oxytocin, no patient required any form of transfusion.