jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RasGRF2 controls nuclear migration in postnatal retinal cone photoreceptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Detailed immunocytochemical analyses comparing WT, GRF1 KO, GRF2 KO and GRF1/2 DKO mouse retinas uncovered the specific accumulation of misplaced, “ectopic” cone photoreceptor nuclei in the photoreceptor segment (PS) area of retinas from GRF2 KO and GRF1/2 DKO, but not of WT or GRF1 KO mice. The localization of “ectopic” nuclei in the PS area of GRF2-devoid retinas occurred postnatally and peaked between P11 and P15. Mechanistically, the generation of this phenotype involved disruption of the outer limiting membrane (OLM), and intrusion into the PS layer, of cone nuclei displaying significant perinuclear accumulation of signaling molecules known to participate in nuclear migration and cytoskeletal reorganization such as PAR3, PAR6, and activated, phosphorylated forms of PAK, MLC2 and VASP. Electroretinographic (ERG) recordings showed specific impairment of cone-mediated retinal function in GRF2 KO and GRF1/2 DKO retinas as compared to WT controls. These data identify defective cone nuclear migration as a novel phenotype in GRF2-devoid mouse retinas and support a critical role of GRF2 in control of the nuclear migration processes required for proper postnatal development and function of retinal cone photoreceptors.
Optimization of Naringenin Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Formula with D-optimal Mixture Design Method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to optimize and formulate the poorly water-soluble naringenin in the Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) using D-optimal mixture design. D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize SNEDDS loading naringenin by selecting SNEDDS composition as an independent factor and SNEDDS characterization as a response. SNEDDS in the optimal formula were characterized, including transmittance, particle size, emulsification time, and drug loading. Triacetin, Tween 80, and transcutol p were respectively the selected oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant phases for their greatest ability to dissolve naringenin. The optimization results showed that the optimal formula was that using 10% triacetin, 70% of Tween 80, and 20% of transcutol p. SNEDDS loading naringenin produced nanoemulsion with 88.74±2.27 % of transmittance, 14.8 nm of particle size, 51.13 ± 4.53 mg/L of drug loading, and 18.58 ± 0.62 second of emulsification time. This study concludes that the D-optimal mixture design can be used to optimize and prepare the SNEDDS loading poorly-water soluble naringenin.
Optical Properties of the High-Pressure Phases of SnO2: First-Principles Calculation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a detailed investigation on the optical properties, including dielectric function, reflectivity, absorption, refractive index, and electron energy-loss spectrum, of the high-pressure phase SnO(2) in the rutile, pyrite, fluorite, and cotunnite structures by using the density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave pseudopotential method. The results indicate that with the increasing of pressure the band gaps become larger, the density of states are broader, so the curves of optical properties have a little blue shift. Except that the fluorite phase has some metallic properties, the other three phases exhibit excellent dielectric behavior. Interestingly, the fluorite and cotunnite SnO(2) phases always have some special characteristics, such as higher plasma frequency, which need further fundamental and application research.
Evolution, Development and Regeneration of Fish Dentitions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The diversity of fishes provides a wealth of morphological variety to investigate at the developmental and genetic level. The diverse range of phenotypes offered by fish dentitions provides an excellent comparative context for studies of evolutionary developmental biology. This chapter discusses the evolution, development and regenerative capacity of chondrichthyan and osteichthyan dentitions. We provide an overview of the recent insights into how general fish dentitions are initiated and how they continue to redevelop over multiple tooth generations.
Presence of brain pathology in deceased subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have extrapulmonary co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal wasting and neuropsychological conditions. To date, it remains unknown whether and to what extent COPD is associated with a higher prevalence of brain pathology. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to compare the prevalence of neuropathological brain changes between deceased donors with and without COPD. Brain autopsy reports of age-matched donors with ( n = 89) and without COPD ( n = 89) from the Netherlands Brain Bank were assessed for demographics, cause of death, co-morbidities and brain pathology. The prevalence of degenerative brain changes was comparable for donors with and without COPD (50.6% vs. 61.8%, p > 0.05). Neoplastic brain changes were reported in a minority of the donors (5.6% vs. 10.1%, p > 0.05). After correction for cerebrovascular accident or cardiac cause of death and Charlson co-morbidity index score, the prevalence of vascular brain changes was higher among control versus COPD donors (27.0% vs. 11.2%, adjusted p = 0.013, odds ratio = 2.98). Brain autopsy reports of donors with and without COPD did not reveal differences in the presence of degenerative or neoplastic brain changes. Vascular brain changes were described more often in controls. Prospective studies including spirometry and structural and functional brain imaging should corroborate our findings.
Remission of anti-TIF1γ dermatomyositis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for myelodysplastic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Points DM, an autoimmune inflammatory myopathy, can be associated with a number of malignancies, including, rarely, myelodysplastic syndromes. Allo-HCT presents a novel approach to treat refractory DM in patients with a coexisting malignancy through the GvA effect.
Experimental Avian Botulism Studies on Sewage Oxidation Ponds in Utah

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to field-test the "microenvironment concept" of avian botulism epizootiology. The "microenvironment concept" hypothesizes that aquatic invertebrate carcasses may serve both as a substrate for toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type C in nature and as a vehicle for toxin transmission to waterbirds. This concept has become the generally accepted, but inadequately tested, working hypothesis of type C botulism epizootiology. This study attempted to experimentally induce type C botulism in sentinel flocks of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and American coots (Fulica americana) on sewage oxidation ponds in northern Utah. The three experimental oxidation ponds were inoculated with Cl. botulinum type C (strain X220B2) endospores in June, 1974. Aquatic invertebrate populations were monitored throughout the summer. Rotenone was used in August in two of the experimental ponds (one pond served as a control) to kill aquatic invertebrates and thereby provide a large amount of substrate for clostridial growth and toxin production. No botulism was detected among the sentinel birds even though they routinely ingested invertebrate carcasses. None of the samples of dead invertebrates collected from the experimental ponds contained detectable (in white mice) botulinum toxin. It was concluded that the "microenvironment concept," as it now stands, cannot always be a sufficient explanation of how type C botulism epizootics are initiated in nature. Microbiological experiments designed to determine why the invertebrate carcasses collected from the study ponds contained no botulinum toxin were started and are now ongoing. Early results indicate that Cl. botulinum (X220B2) cells may not normally be able to effectively compete (at least in terms of toxin production) with other microorganisms present in the sewage ponds. It is suggested that the initiation of a type C botulism epizootic in nature may require the alleviation of the inhibitory effects of other putrefactive microorganisms upon clostridial metabolism and/ or toxin. This hypothesis is highly speculative and requires much further experimentation.
Plant Anticancer Agents. IX. Constituents of Hyptis tomentosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The twigs, leaves, and flowers of Hyptis tomentosa were found to owe their major cytotoxic activity to the presence of desoxypodophyllotoxin (4), but the two weakly cytotoxic flavones 5-hydroxy-4',6,7,8-tetramethoxy flavone (3) and 5-hydroxy-4',3,6,7,8-pentamethoxy flavone (2) also contributed to the total cytotoxicity of the crude extracts. The flavones eupatorin (6) and 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxy flavone (5) were isolated as inactive constituents, together with the lignan sesamin (1).
An RCT of Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension for Supracervical Hysterectomies Postsurgical Analgesia [06B]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: To demonstrate utilization of intracervical block in reducing postoperative pain for minimally invasive supracervical hysterectomy. METHODS: This study is a randomized double blind placebo controlled study of women who underwent minimally invasive supracervical hysterectomy between October 2018 to April 2019. The severity of pain was assessed preoperatively in the holding area, PACU arrival, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at rest for pain with 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain. Secondary endpoints were number of patients who required NSAIDS and acetaminophen and break through (additional) opioid analgesic medications at 24 and 48 hours. RESULTS: Of the 60 participants, half were randomized into the control and intervention groups. Immediate post-operative pain scores were 1 and 1.75 ( P =.89) in the control and intervention groups respectively. Follow up pain scores were 3 and 3.5 ( P =.85) at 12 hours, 3.5 and 5 ( P =.22) at 24 hours, and 2.75 and 4 ( P =.18) at 48 hours. Secondary outcomes demonstrated 13 and 15 patients used narcotics in the control and intervention groups respectively. Within the first 24 hours, 10 patients in the control and 14 patients in the intervention group used narcotics. Between 24 to 48 hours, 6 and 8 patients in the control and intervention groups used narcotics respectively. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in pain scores in the immediately postoperative, 12, 24, and 48 hour time period between the intervention and control groups.
The Slippery Knot Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Non-invasive rapid tools for screening of periodontitis in medical care settings: an updated review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Periodontitis is a common immune-inflammatory oral disease. Salivary biomarkers could be a viable addition to their routine if a simple, non-invasive collection procedure is employed to minimize the disease load. Biomarkers including, matrix metalloproteinase-8, salivary interleukin-1β, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen all have elevated incidence in the study populations and are closely connected to periodontitis. Herein, we reviewed the recent literature about periodontitis diagnostic technologies that are quick and non-invasive in clinical settings. A web-based article search by different databases like Directory of Open Access Journals, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases was done.
Analysing competing logics towards sustainable supplier management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose To understand the context surrounding the sustainable supplier management (SSM) process (i.e. selection, development and evaluation), this paper aims to explore institutional logics existing in the Ecuadorian cocoa supply chain (SC). By considering local characteristics and sustainability practices, this study illustrates how competing logic influences SSM. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a multiple-case study method for which the authors interviewed different cocoa SC members in Ecuador and used a ground-up approach to analyse the data and reveal singularities influencing sustainability management. Findings The analysis uncovered two main logics operating within the Ecuadorian cocoa SC SSM process: a commercial logic (e.g. potential for market access, product traceability) and a sustainability logic (e.g. local development and traditions/cultural issues). These logics address market demand requirements; however, some local producers’ needs that impact SSM remains unexplored such as the existence of a regional ancestral culture that poses sustainability as a dominant logic with meaning beyond the triple bottom line. While the two logics have influenced supplier sustainability performance, this paper finds that, of the three SSM sub-processes (selection, development and evaluation), supplier development was the most relevant sub-process receiving attention from SC managers in the studied context. Practical implications By understanding the differences in logic and needs, SC managers can better develop strategies for SSM. Originality/value The study highlighted in this paper investigated the underexplored topic of the effects that competing logic may have on SSM. This paper focusses on the supplier’s point of view regarding sustainability requirements, addressing a consistent research gap in the literature.
Researching Young People’s Sexualized Digital Practices Involving Imagery:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young people constitute and negotiate their gendered identities and belonging, as well as their romantic and erotic relationships, through sexualized digital practices involving imagery. Most of these practices are unproblematic, but sometimes they take forms that are more abusive and lead to (particularly) girls being visually exposed online. Such practices are commonly referred to as sexting or revenge pornography and have been subject to much discussion in research, in the media and among practitioners. These discussions, however, sometimes fail to acknowledge the diversity, volatility and ambiguity of the practices. This article discusses whether the approaches used in research on young people’s sexualized digital practices involving imagery are sufficiently refined and sensitive in order to grasp comprehensive complexity and messy constitutions of such practices. Based on analyses of the studies’ conceptualizations, perspectives and methods, I suggest that future research production might benefit from a more transgressive and flexible approach that learns from the full array of approaches in the previous studies and takes the instability and multiplicity of young people’s practices into account. Such an approach should entail an openness towards ambiguous conceptualizations, a more processual perspective that includes both individual, social and technological aspects and the use of multiple explorative methods across on- and offline spaces.
The concept of dream as aspiration in English, French and Romanian proverbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present article focuses on the representation of dreams as aspirations in a selection of proverbs in the English, French, and Romanian linguistic pictures. Proverbs, as the embodiment of collective wisdom, often convey deeply rooted cultural beliefs regarding the pursuit of personal and collective goals. We begin our study by exploring the theoretical frame of paremiology, focusing on the researchers’ cognitive linguistic approach to proverbs, namely Neal Norrick, Richard Honeck and Jeffrey Welge, Gerd Antos and Anna Lewandowska and, finally, Wolfgang Mieder. We employ in our study the cognitive- prototypical scenario proposed by the researcher Anna Wierzbicka, an analysis through the lens of semantic primes which are defined as fundamental concepts that form the basis of human understanding and expression across various languages and cultures. This research method sheds light on both the universal and cultural specific elements of these proverbs, offering insights into how each language portrays the idea of pursuing one's dreams and how different cultures conceptualize dreams as aspirations and the individual’s potential of achieving them.
Causes and rates of death among methadone maintenance patients before and after the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Causes of death and the mortality rates of active methadone patients and those who had left treatment were compared. Prior to the HIV epidemic, death rates among discharged methadone patients were more than twice that of patients who continued with their methadone treatment. However, the death rate from heroin-related causes in the post-treatment period was 51 times the rate among active patients. Alcohol-related conditions were the leading causes of death in patients more than 30 years old on methadone. During the post-treatment period, alcohol-related deaths were second to those of heroin-related causes. Alcohol-related deaths were particularly pronounced among black patients. Death rates among active male and female patients were identical, but the death rate for discharged female patients was greater than for discharged males. With the onset of the HIV epidemic in the 1980s, AIDS-related causes became the major cause of death in treatment. However, other causes of death, such as alcohol and other medical conditions, identified prior to the AIDS epidemic, persisted. AIDS-related deaths peaked in the mid-1990s and have recently subsided. However, within the past two years, deaths related to HCV have increased to 9% of all patient deaths in a major methadone program. With the emergence of HCV, deaths from this cause are expected to eclipse AIDS-related deaths within the next decade.
Automated analysis of RBAC policies with temporal constraints and static role hierarchies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Temporal role based access control models support the specification and enforcement of several temporal constraints on role enabling, role activation, and temporal role hierarchies among others. In this paper, we define three mappings that preserve the solutions to a class of policy problems (they map security analysis problems in presence of static temporal role hierarchies to problems without them) and we show how they can be used to extend the capabilities of a tool for the analysis of administrative temporal role-based access control policies to reason in presence of temporal role hierarchies. An experimental evaluation with a prototype implementation shows the better behavior of one of the proposed mappings over the other two. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first tool capable of reasoning with (static) temporal role hierarchies. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
Determinants of the Own-Race Bias and neural correlates of own- and other-race face processing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When interacting with other people, recognizing faces of different individuals is of tremendous importance for our daily lives. However, people are generally better in recognizing own-race faces as compared to other-race faces. This discrepancy, also known as own-race bias, is most likely due to lifelong experiences with faces, which in turn may exert an affect on the accuracy of encoding individual differences in faces. The present thesis was aimed at analyzing the influence of several factors on the own-race bias and investigating the extent to which expertise, different learning tasks and intensive recognition training may affect the own-race bias. To this end, behavioural measures of the own-race bias and ERP correlates of face processing were recorded and analysed over the course of several experiments. The findings from these experiments suggest that the own-race bias may be a very stable phenomenon, a reduction of which was achieved by long-term expertise with other-race individuals. In contrast to behavioural findings, analyses of neural correlates of face processing showed ethnicity-dependent differences in very early ERP components, with generally enhanced N170 amplitudes to other-race faces over all experiments. On the contrary, ethnicity-dependent modulations of the subsequent P2 compoment varied across studies. Whereas expertise with other-race faces elicited generally greater P2 amplitudes to own-race faces over the left hemisphere, recognition training and a variation of the learning task brought about similar effects over the right hemisphere. The latter two factors did, however, not affect the behavioural own-race bias – a finding that is in stark contrast to a significantly decreased own-race bias in experts for other-race faces. These findings are therefore in line with theories that emphasize the role of perceptual expertise on the own-race bias and advocate intensive other-race contact as a critical factor in decreasing the own-race bias.