jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemandirian dan Efektivitas Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the financial performance of the district Bengkalis by the area financial independence ratio in the 2014-2018 budget period and the area financial effectiveness ratio in the 2014-2018 budget period. This research is a descriptive study and the data is secondary data obtained from Bengkalis. The data analysis technique used is the ratio analysis technique to measure the financial performance of goverment. The study show that 1) The area financial independency ratio on average at 6.36%-9.64% with a very low category 2).The effectiveness ratio on average at 59.31%-90.02%, overall with a tendency not effective. Implications for institution life are policy makers need to continue and increase the Locally Generated Revenue with maximizing the potential of the area. Keywords: Financial Performance, Independence Tatio, The Ratio of Effectiveness
[Two new phenolic acids from Drynariae rhizoma].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To study the chemical constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma, nine phenolic acids were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-imino-di-benzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), gallic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), (E)-caffeic acid (5), ethyl trans-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (6), caffeic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 23(S)-12-O-caffeoyl-12-hydroxyllauric acid glycerol ester (9), separately. Among them, 1 and 9 are new compounds, and 3, 4, and 6 were isolated from Drynaria species for the first time.
Herbal Materials Warehouse Environment Monitoring System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines decreases often because of bad storage. It carries huge economic losses, furthermore, it endangers the safety of people's lives. Therefore, it is an urgent need for a new monitoring concepts and monitoring system for medicine warehouse to overcome many shortcomings. Combining the wireless sensor network technology, we researched environment parameter detection system of Chinese herbal medicine storage with a reasonable structure. It can monitor the air temperature, humidity, light, and water content parameters of herbs storage environment. We designed the hardware, software and interactive interface of the monitoring system. The proposed system has a better real-time and more accurate compared with the traditional manual monitoring system.
Traumatic "windblown knees": case report of bilateral knee ligament rupture of the opposite compartment of contralateral knees.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An unusual case of rupture of the medial and posterior ligaments of the left knee, and lateral ligaments of the right knee, due to a direct vehicular blow is reported. Surgical repair of the left knee and conservative treatment of the right (lateral ligaments) gave excellent results. The types of lesions produced on each knee could almost be predicted by the sites of skin abrasions.
Instability of single- and double-periodic waves in the fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We compute the instability rate for single- and double-periodic wave solutions of a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The single- and double-periodic solutions of a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation are derived in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions such as $dn$, $cn$, and $sn$. From the spectral problem, we compute Lax and stability spectrum of single-periodic waves. We then calculate the instability rate of single-periodic waves (periodic in the spatial variable). We also obtain the Lax and stability spectrum of double-periodic wave solutions for different values of the elliptic modulus parameter. We also highlight certain novel features exhibited by the considered system. We then compute instability rate for two families of double-periodic wave solutions of the considered equation for different values of the system parameter. Our results reveal that the instability growth rate is higher for the double-periodic waves due to the fourth-order dispersion parameter when compared to single-periodic waves.
Repetition of Less Common Sound Patterns: A Unique Relationship to Young Children’s Phonological Awareness and Word Reading

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study examined predictors of concurrent phonological awareness in 95 Grade 1 children and of reading achievement 5 months later. Of primary interest was whether the repetition of nonwords with less versus more common sound patterns was a better predictor of these variables. Only the repetition of nonwords low in wordlikeness predicted unique variance in concurrent phonological awareness after measures of phonological memory and vocabulary. Similarly, nonword repetition for words low in wordlikeness accounted for unique variance in later reading after measures of fall reading, phonological memory, vocabulary, and phonological awareness. A fall phonological representations factor was directly related to later reading achievement. Results are discussed within a framework for which the representation of less common sound sequences has a robust relationship to reading acquisition, and for which awareness of the phonemic structure of language may be reducible to the representation of phonological information in lexical memory.
Experiences of being a gay man in urban India: A descriptive study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This is the first study to look at the experiences of gay men living in India. Twenty-eight subjects completed questionnaires about their experiences of being gay in India and processes of coming out to their relatives, families, friends and others. Their experiences are not much different from those of gay men in the West. Cultural influences on their functioning as gay men appear to be strong and the role of culture is similar to the one already described by gay South Asian men living in the UK. The fear of being found out remains high and a significant proportion (73%) agreed that they would make serious attempts at hiding their sexual orientation from others. The cultural influences are described and suggestions made for further research.
FEMCAM Analysis of SULTAN Test Results for ITER Nb3SN Cable-conduit Conductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Performance degradation due to filament fracture of Nb3 Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) is a critical issue in large-scale magnet designs such as ITER which is currently being constructed in the South of France. The critical current observed in most SULTAN TF CICC samples is significantly lower than expected and the voltage-current characteristic is seen to have a much broader transition from a single strand to the CICC. Moreover, most conductors exhibit the irreversible degradation due to filament fracture and strain relaxation under electromagnetic cyclic loading. With recent success in monitoring thermal strain distribution and its evolution under the electromagnetic cyclic loading from in situ measurement of critical temperature, we apply FEMCAM which includes strand filament breakage and local current sharing effects to SULTAN tested CICCs to study Nb3 Sn strain sensitivity and irreversible performance degradation. FEMCAM combines the thermal bending effect during cool down and the EM bending effect due to locally accumulating Lorentz force during magnet operation. It also includes strand filament fracture and related local current sharing for the calculation of cable n value. In this paper, we model continuous performance degradation under EM cyclic loading based on strain relaxation and the transition broadening upon cyclic loading to the extreme cases seen in SULTAN test data to better quantify conductor performance degradation.
Taxation: Technical Changes Act of 1949: "Possession or Enjoyment" Clause of I.R.C. 811(c)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reservation of an Interest in, or Control Over, IncomeSection 302(c) of the Revenue Act of 1926, 8 following earlier estate tax legislation, provided that transfers "intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment at or after [the donor's] death," should be included in his gross estate.In May v. Heiner, 9 the Supreme Court held that the statute did not cover a transfer by which the donor had divested himself of all the incidents of ownership except the right to enjoy the income for his life.A year later the Supreme Court reaffirmed the doctrine of May v. Heiner in three per curiam opinions. 10 These decisions spurred Congress to enact the Joint Resolution of March 3, 1931, 11 in order to define more precisely the scope of section 302(c).The joint resolution made taxable any transfer made by a donor during his life under which he retained for his life or for any period not in fact ending before his death, the possession or enjoyment of the property,
The Notions of Fuzzy Set on Pseudo Quasi Ordered Residuated Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces the concept of fuzzy filters and 2-fuzzy filters of a quasi-ordered residuated system K . This research explores comparative, normal, implicative and associative fuzzy filters within a quasi-ordered residuated system. It establishes the sufficient conditions under which a comparative fuzzy filter in K qualifies as a normal fuzzy filter and vice-versa. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the collection of all comparative fuzzy filters in K constitutes a complete lattice. The notion of fuzzy filters of a pseudo quasi-ordered residuated system is introduced and the analysis extends to fantastic, comparative, associative and implicative fuzzy filters within a pseudo quasi-ordered residuated framework. Finally, it is proven that an associative fuzzy filter in K inherently satisfies the criteria for both implicative and comparative fuzzy filters.
Experiments on the introduction of a rare, endangered, narrow-endemic plant Rosa iliensis chrshan. in the conditions of the steppe zone of Zailiysky Alatau

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article deals with the introduction of a rare, endangered, narrow-endemic plant Rosa iliensis Chrshan. by seed in the conditions of the steppe zone of the ZailiyskyAlatau. It is noted that the results of the study were positive. Although only 10 to 20% of the 100 seeds sown were sprouted, but 90 to 99% of the sprouts that appeared successfully took root. This makes it possible to consider the introduction of Rosa iliensis Chrshan. in the future seminal way of great optimism. Moreover, by entering Rosa iliensis Chrshan. during the introduction, we can simultaneously solve several important issues.The main ones, save Rosa iliensis Chrshan. from extinction; creating an artificial Rosa iliensis Chrshan plantation. we will provide the vitamin industry and pharmaceutical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan with natural and cheap raw materials; Rosa iliensis Chrshan. we can recommend landscaping of parks, squares, alleys of cities, district centers and remote localities; introducing Rosa iliensis Chrshan. into the introduction in the Botanical gardens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it can be used as a Queen for crossing with cultural varieties in order to breed new varieties of Kazakhstan garden roses. Keywords: introduction, population, endemic plants, stratification, cuttings
The European Union and critical legal cartography: Old geopolitics, worn geopoetry and the return of geopower

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The European Union (EU) arose, in purpose, to undo the legacy of European geopolitics. Over decades, the EU has attempted to disrupt, or ambitiously transform, how its constituent communities “imagine” the space and boundaries of the Union’s geography. Yet, some 30 years since the Maastricht Treaty, old geopolitics manifests a distinct inertia over the mental maps of EU policy-makers and EU legal scholarship generally. For instance, should one query the EU’s cartography, it is likely an old geopolitical grammar conditions how policy-makers and scholars “map” and see the Union’s boundaries: 27 members, spanning 4,233,255 km 2 , and comprising a population of 447 million. Obscured is how the EU has generated a transnational and performative geography, with novel boundaries of rule that operate differently in quality and scale. In a nutshell, cartographic perceptions in EU policy-making and scholarship have rarely ventured beyond the terms of statist geography, or the worn geopoetry of “shared” or “pooled” sovereignty between Member States. This state of cartographic perception is curious, since the EU has been a geo-institutional project created to disrupt the traditional mentality of geopolitics and, further still, expand horizons of imagined social spaces, boundaries, and belonging(s).
Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research into the origins of food plants has led to the recognition that specific geographical regions around the world have been of particular importance to the development of agricultural crops. Yet the relative contributions of these different regions in the context of current food systems have not been quantified. Here we determine the origins (‘primary regions of diversity’) of the crops comprising the food supplies and agricultural production of countries worldwide. We estimate the degree to which countries use crops from regions of diversity other than their own (‘foreign crops’), and quantify changes in this usage over the past 50 years. Countries are highly interconnected with regard to primary regions of diversity of the crops they cultivate and/or consume. Foreign crops are extensively used in food supplies (68.7% of national food supplies as a global mean are derived from foreign crops) and production systems (69.3% of crops grown are foreign). Foreign crop usage has increased significantly over the past 50 years, including in countries with high indigenous crop diversity. The results provide a novel perspective on the ongoing globalization of food systems worldwide, and bolster evidence for the importance of international collaboration on genetic resource conservation and exchange.
Supporting Multilingualism for Infants and Toddlers in English-Medium Classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter a veteran infant and toddler teacher educator describes her philosophy of multilingualism learning for working with children five months to three years in a mixed age classroom. This chapter highlights strategies that she implements in her primarily English-speaking classroom to support the variety of linguistic identities in her diverse population. The strategies suggested are gathering information from families, interactional strategies, and parent participation in planned curriculum projects. This chapter emphasizes the value of home-school connections for multilingual children and families and provides examples of effective strategies to promote these connections. The chapter features photographs and tables.
KLEINODENDRON AND XYLEM ANATOMY OF CLUYTIEAE (EUPHORBIACEAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kleinodendron , a new genus of Euphorbiaceae, was assigned by Smith and Downs to the tribe Cluytieae. A xylem anatomical survey indicates that there are no objections to this placement. Woods of Cluytieae are diverse but may be characterized generally by having pores which average less than 80 μ in diameter and which are well divided between solitary and radial multiple distributions in the same species; simple vessel perforations; alternate intervascular pitting; fiber‐tracheids and libriform wood fibers; exclusively uniseriate, or uniseriate and biseriate heterocellular vascular rays in the same species; uniseriate “bridges” linking superposed biseriate ray segments; diffuse, diffuse‐in‐aggregates, and scanty vasicentric axial parenchyma, sometimes in the same species; and crystal rhomboids. That Microdesmis and Pogonophora diverge sharply from these generalizations in having scalariform vessel perforations and broad vascular rays, is an indication that they may not be closely related to other genera in Cluytieae.
[The pulmonary manifestations of diving accidents].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scuba diving is associated with risks of drowning, lung barotrauma and decompression sickness. In case of near-drowning, irreversible neurologic lesions or death may follow an acute hypoxemia or a cardiopulmonary arrest. Therefore, victims of drowning should benefit from an immediate and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Lung barotrauma are due to the failure of expanding lung gases to escape during ascent; they are likely to be complicated by arterial gas embolism. They can follow a panic ascent even from a shallow depth. Most of decompression procedures induce the formation of asymptomatic venous gas bubbles, normally filtrated and eliminated by the lungs. In case of massive intravenous bubbling, the filtering capacity of the lungs can be overwhelmed and the lung microcirculation damaged up to the point of provoking a cardio-respiratory failure.
Going local: narrow-scope explanations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract What follows methodologically from fragility? The chapter begins with a case study: spontaneous truces in World War One. Attempts to explain these truces with the Prisoner’s Dilemma game fail, and meanwhile squander resources along the way. The truces are explained successfully only by local historical work. In the rest of the chapter, general lessons are developed. Noisy environments make empirical accuracy difficult to achieve. But fragility means that without such accuracy, we cannot assume a relation is operating, nor that it explains. So, we must have empirical accuracy. To achieve that, we need to incorporate idiosyncratic local factors, so the warrant for the explanations that result is only narrow scope. Local, contextual work is emphasized. These localist lessons extend, too, to the practical matter of prediction.
Dry Enteric Coating Process of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Hybridization System

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Surface-modified powders were produced by hybridization system using core freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121) and enteric coating materials. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria changed to smooth round shape during surface reforming process, although no significant physical damages affecting the activity of the lactic acid bacteria were observed based on viability and salt-tolerance tests. Signigicant difference was not found in acid tolerance test probably due to the inherent acid tolerance of L. acidophilus ATCC 43121. Significantly improved heat tolerance was obtained by surface modification process. Among the tested coating materials, Sureteric showed a higher surface- reforming ability than Eudragit S100 and L100-55. Core : coating ratio agent of 9 : 1 (w/w) with rotor speed of 15,000 rpm for 3 min were determined to be optimum conditions for the process.
France: Financial Sector Assessment Programâ€”Detailed Assessment of Observance of IOSCO Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Observance of International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation for France. The assessment reveals that France exhibits a high level of implementation of the IOSCO principles. The legal framework is robust and provides the Autorité de Marchés Financiers (AMF) and the Autorité du Contrôle Prudentiel (ACP) with broad licensing, supervisory, investigative, and enforcement powers within their respective competences. There are robust arrangements for cooperation between the two authorities.
Edge Trimming of CFRP with Diamond Interlocking Tools

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the present work we studied the edge trimming process of CFRP with a diamond interlocking “burr” tool. Measurements of tool wear, surface roughness, spindle power and delamination depth were performed for different combinations of spindle speed and feed rate and were subsequently used to characterize machining quality. It was found that direct wear measurement for this type of cutting tool is not conclusive and thus not suitable for assessing tool life and machining quality. Instead, indirect indicators of tool wear were found more suitable for this purpose. Using these indirect methods an equation for tool life was defined and parameters for optimum machining quality were determined.</div>
Computed Tomographic Assessment of the Main Abdominal Vessels in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Computed tomographic (CT) characterisation of abdominal vessels is poorly studied. The objectives of this retrospective study were to assess during growth, by CT angiography, the evolution of the aorta (Ao), caudal vena cava (CVC), portal vein (PV), length of the second lumbar vertebra (L2) and different ratios between these structures; and to determine the influence of weight and age on the vessels' sizes and ratios. The first group included six beagles scanned every month from 4 to 12 months old, then every 3 months up to 24 months old. The second group included 26 dogs of different breeds and weights that were considered haemodynamically normal. These dogs were divided into three weight intervals: < 10, 10–30 and > 30 kg. The measurements were repeated three times by three operators. The diameter of the Ao, CVC and PV, the aortic length and the L2 length increased up to 7 months. Similarly, the different ratios, such as CVC/Ao, VP/Ao, Ao/L2 and CVC/L2, were variable up to 7 months old and became stable after 7 months. The diameter of the Ao, CVC and PV, the previously cited ratios and L2 length were variable between weight intervals but stable within one interval. The adult vascular standards and ratios published in the literature should not be used in medium‐size dogs younger than 7 months old. As variability is observed between the weight intervals, measurements should be used with care in very small or very large dogs.
PHONETIC PRECONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORMATIVE PREASPIRATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In several languages and dialects of north-western Europe, preaspiration -- the early timing of glottal abduction relative to oral closure in vowels preceding a voiceless stop consonant -- has become normative in the sense of being an obligatory feature of sequences of vowel and fortis stop. Impressionistic observations suggest that non-normative preaspiration may occur across the whole Scandinavian language area. In the present paper, speech samples from 4 speakers of Central Standard Swedish were analysed with regard to the temporal aspect of preaspiration. It was found that three of the speakers tended to preaspirate, and that impressionistic predictions regarding preaspiration tendencies in their speech were borne out by instrumental analysis. It is suggested that the presence of this kind of non-normative preaspiration in the Scandinavian language area in general provides a favourable `phonetic soil&apos; for the development of normative preaspiration.