jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adaptive modelling of biological time series for artifact detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors propose a method for artifact detection based on linear modelling of biological time series. An artifact, coming from a different "source", generally does not fit in the model and can be detected. Biological time series are not stationary, so that adaptive filtering is used for model estimation. Real time constraints warrant the use of predictive models only past input values are used to predict the current sample values. A set of thresholds or the prediction errors is used to detect artifacts. The authors model each time series by means of an adaptive prediction filter and, when a priori knowledge or the relation between two measurements, is available, they model this specific cross-channel relation with an adaptive filter. They applied this method to sequences of cardiovascular measurements from ICU and from Holter monitoring. The results obtained are fully satisfactory.< >
The Abstract Task Graph: a methodology for architecture-independent programming of networked sensor systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Abstract Task Graph (ATaG) is a data driven programming model for end-to-end application development on networked sensor systems. An ATaG program is a system-level, architecture-independent specification of the application functionality. The application is modeled as a set of abstract tasks that represent types of information processing functions in the system, and a set of abstract data items that represent types of information exchanged between abstract tasks. Input and output relationships between abstract tasks and data items are explicitly indicated as channels. Each abstract task is associated with user-provided code that implements the actual information processing functions in the system. Appropriate numbers and types of tasks can then be instantiated at compile-time or run-time to match the actual hardware and network configuration, with each node incorporating the user-provided code, automatically generated glue code, and a runtime engine that manages all coordination and communication in the network. This paper primarily deals with the key concepts of ATaG and the program syntax and semantics. The end-to-end application development methodology is discussed briefly.
ContextLocNet: Context-Aware Deep Network Models for Weakly Supervised Localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We aim to localize objects in images using image-level supervision only. Previous approaches to this problem mainly focus on discriminative object regions and often fail to locate precise object boundaries. We address this problem by introducing two types of context-aware guidance models, additive and contrastive models, that leverage their surrounding context regions to improve localization. The additive model encourages the predicted object region to be supported by its surrounding context region. The contrastive model encourages the predicted object region to be outstanding from its surrounding context region. Our approach benefits from the recent success of convolutional neural networks for object recognition and extends Fast R-CNN to weakly supervised object localization. Extensive experimental evaluation on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2012 benchmarks shows hat our context-aware approach significantly improves weakly supervised localization and detection.
Postpartum pain due to thrombosed varicose veins of the round ligament of the uterus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Postpartum thrombosis of varicose veins of the round ligament may present in a clinical picture similar to an irreducible inguinal hernia. Two such unusual cases are reported. One patient underwent surgery while the other, with a presumptive diagnosis of the same condition, was observed, with no complications occurring in both patients. This condition has not to my knowledge been previously reported. The increased incidence of both varicose veins and thrombosis in the postpartum period should alert the physician to the diagnosis of such conditions.
The Presence of Hemoglobin in Cervicovaginal Lavage Is Not Associated With Genital Schistosomiasis in Zambian Women From the BILHIV Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) occurs when Schistosoma haematobium eggs are deposited in reproductive tissue. Female genital schistosomiasis in the cervical mucosa is associated with increased vascularity. If FGS is associated with the presence of hemoglobin in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), the use of urinary reagent strips to detect hemoglobin in CVL could supplement FGS diagnosis. Methods Nonmenstruating, nonpregnant, sexually active women aged 18–31 participating in the HPTN 071 (PopART) Population-Cohort were invited in 2 Zambian communities. Genital self-swabs and a urine specimen were collected at a home visit, and CVL and hand-held colposcopy were performed at a midwife led clinic visit. Urinary reagent strips were used to identify hemoglobin in CVL. Eggs and circulating anodic antigen (CAA) were detected from urine. Visual-FGS was defined as the presence of sandy patches, rubbery papules, or abnormal blood vessels. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-FGS was defined as Schistosoma deoxyribonucleic acid detected by real-time PCR on CVL or cervical or vaginal swab. Results Of 209 women with home genital swabs and companion CVL specimens, 66% (138 of 209) had detectable CVL hemoglobin, 13.4% (28 of 209) had PCR-defined FGS, and 17.2% (36 of 209) had visual-FGS. Active Schistosoma infection, diagnosed by CAA or urine microscopy, was present in 21.0% (44 of 209) participants. Active Schistosoma infection (P = .4), PCR-FGS (P = 0.7), and visual-FGS (P = 0.3) were not associated with CVL hemoglobin presence. Results did not differ in subgroups with high infection burden (cycle threshold &lt; 35 or 2–3 positive genital PCR). Conclusions Polymerase chain reaction-FGS, visual-FGS, and active Schistosoma infection were not associated with the presence of CVL hemoglobin. Further research is needed to establish accessible community-based FGS diagnostics.
Breaking the mold of pre-service and in-service teacher education: innovative and successful practices for the twenty-first century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

edited by Audrey Cohan and Andrea Honigsfeld, Lanham, Maryland, Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2011, xvii + 295 pp., $70 (hardback), ISBN 978-1607095514, $34.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1607095521, $...
Simultaneous Prediction of Muscle and Contact Forces in the Knee During Gait

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Walking is important for human health, and independent ambulation predicts quality of life [1]. The study and treatment of neurological and joint disorders that inhibit walking would be more effective if muscle and joint forces could be determined reliably for individual patients. Knowledge of muscle forces is needed to characterize muscle coordination, which is a factor in neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and stroke, while knowledge of joint contact forces is needed to characterize articular loading, which is a factor in bone and joint disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Reliable determination of these internal forces for individual patients would facilitate the design of customized surgical and rehabilitation treatments that maximize functional outcome.
Real-time Stereo Television Broadcasting System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents 2D TV signal to 3D displaying techniques based on embedded system. The moving object is efficiently segmented by adaptive differential method of inter-frames. For 3D display, the object depth is based on the object size and its location. Larger object size is assigned to higher depth value. When the object is close to the central region, the higher depth value is employed to appear stereo effect in vision perception. The embedded system with ARM core is used to perform the 3D converting algorithm for real-time purpose. With multi-tasks processing, the processing time for 3D algorithm is 43ms per frame, which can meet real-time requirement. Experiments show that the TV signal can be converted to 3D signal for real-time program displaying.
Effect of smoking, alcoholism and non-vegetarian diet on lipid profile in nondiabetic, non-hypertensive myocardial infarction patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-Cholesterol, low HDL-Cholesterol are risk factors of Myocardial Infarction (MI). Our study intends to find the isolated effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol and dietary habits on lipid profile in a non diabetic, non hypertensive MI. Serum lipid parameters were estimated in thirty five cases of non diabetic, non hypertensive MI patients and forty age and sex matched normal controls. In non diabetic, non hypertensive MI, when compared with respective group, non vegetarian females and males had higher total cholesterol (TC), LDL and TC/HDL than vegetarian; male smokers had high LDL, low VLDL and low triglyceride (TG) than non smokers and male alcoholics had high LDL and low TG than non alcoholics. TC, LDL and TC/HDL are increased due to the effect of smoking, alcohol consumption and non vegetarian diet even in a non diabetic, non hypertensive MI. This fact should be considered while managing a case of MI. Low sample size is a limitation of our study. However further large population based studies are needed to find out the adjusted effect of smoking, alcohol and diet on altered lipid profile and its independent risk of development of MI.
ROME prep. 1105/95 Chiral behaviour of the lattice BK-parameter

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present results for the kaon B-parameter BK from a sample of 200 configurations using the Wilson action and 460 configurations using the SW-Clover action, on a 18 3 ×64 lattice at β = 6.0. We compare results obtained by renormalizing the relevant operator with different “boosted ” values of the strong coupling constant αs. In the case of the SW-Clover action, we also use the operator renormalized non-perturbatively. In the Wilson case, we observe a strong dependence of BK on the prescription adopted for αs, contrary to the results of the Clover case which are almost unaffected by the choice of the coupling. We also find that the matrix element of the operator renormalized non-perturbatively has a better chiral behaviour. This gives us our best estimate of the renormalization group invariant B-parameter, ˆ BK = 0.86 ± 0.15.
Quantitative and geomorphologic parameterization of megaclasts within mass-transport complexes, offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) in sedimentary basins reflect the gravitational transport of sediments from the shelf edge to the abyssal plain. Megaclasts, large sedimentary blocks of hundreds of meters long within MTCs, can record kinematic and sedimentary information deemed essential to understanding source-to-sink systems. Yet, deformation structures in such megaclasts remain poorly understood. This study uses high-quality, three-dimensional (3-D) seismic reflection data from the deep-water Taranaki Basin offshore New Zealand to analyze the morphological character of 123 megaclasts and propose a new classification scheme based on their morphometric properties. The megaclasts are up to 400 m tall, 1900 m long, and 1200 m wide. In the study area, they are high- to moderate-amplitude features owing to their different lithologies and continuous-to-contorted seismic facies. The megaclasts can be classified as undeformed, rotated, deformed, and highly deformed based on their internal deformational styles. Two different kinds of morphological depressions observed on their basal shear zones further indicate whether the megaclasts are transported or formed in situ. Our study demonstrates that quantitative parameterization of the megaclasts provides important information about their deformational processes and a more complete understanding of megaclast emplacement along continental margins.
Analysis for the epidemiological charateristics of varicella from 2008 to 2012 in Liwan district

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The aim was to know the prevalence of varicella from 2008 to 2012 in Liwan district,which will provide a scientific basis to set up the measures of prevention and control for varicella. Methods We sorted out information about outbreaks of varicella by Excel 2003 from 2008 to 2012,and analysis was carried out by using descriptive epidemiologic method and the data was processed by the statistical performance. The suggestions were made for the prevention and control for varicella in combination with the related documentation at present. Results Five thousand eight hundred ten and four( 5814) varicella cases were reported,from 2008 to 2012,the reported rate of incidence is 129. 46 /100 000,the incidence range is from 83. 50 /100 000 to 165. 3 / 100 000,within 5 years,among them the highest is in 2008,but the lowest is in 2012. Outbreaks occured at 22 streets all the year round and even more frequently in winters and springs in Liwan district. Among those cases,most infected people are children and teenagers,students occupies 42. 89%,the ratio between male and female is 1. 4∶ 1. The age of 4 690 cases is under 20 years old, which occpies 80. 67%( 4 690 /5 814). In collective departments,13 outbreaks are aggregate,while 4 outbreaks are in emergent. Conclusion The varicella outbreaks recently mainly occur in winters and springs,and student and children are major infected targets. Our suggestions are as followings. First,popularize the basic knowledge in education about varicella; Second,increase the rate of the first dose of vaccination; Third,put the emergent vaccination into practice,meanwhile,start investigation and discussion of the second dose of vaccination,in order to control the outbreaks and protect of the public health.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in CYP1B1 and COMT Genes with Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Indian Women

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and catechol-$O$-methyltransferase (COMT) enzymes play critical roles in estrogen metabolism. Alterations in the catalytic activity of CYP1B1 and COMT enzymes have been found associated with altered breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women in many populations. The substitution of leucine (Leu) to valine (Val) at codon 432 increases the catalytic activity of CYP1B1, however, substitution of Val to methionine (Met) at codon 158 decreases the catalytic activity of COMT. The present study was performed to evaluate the associations of CYP1B1 Leu 432 Val and/or COMT Val 158 Met polymorphisms with total, premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risks in Indian women. COMT and CYP1B1 polymorphisms in controls and breast cancer patients were analyzed employing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) followed by gel electrophoresis. Although CYP1B1 and COMT genotypes did not exhibit statistically significant association with breast cancer risks when analyzed individually, COMT wild type (Val 158 Val) in combination with CYP1B1 heterozygous variant (Leu 432 Val) [OR: 0.21; 95% CI (0.05–0.82), p value; 0.021] and COMT heterozygous variant (Val 158 Met) in combination with CYP1B1 wild type (Leu 432 Leu) [OR: 0.29; 95% CI (0.08–0.96), p value; 0.042] showed significant protective association with premenopausal breast cancer risk. The results demonstrate that CYP1B1 wild type in combination with COMT heterozygous or their inverse combination offer protection against breast cancer in premenopausal Indian women.
Regularity near the fixed boundary for transmission systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ with $n\geq 2$, $D\subset Ω$ open, and $u:Ω\to \mathbb{R}^m$, we study elliptic systems of the type $$ {\rm div} \big( ( A + (B- A)χ_D)\nabla u\big) = 0 \quad \text{in $Ω\cap B_1$,} $$ for some uniformly elliptic tensors $A$ and $B$ with Hölder continuous entries. We show that, given appropriate boundary data, the Lipschitz regularity of $u$ inside $B_1 \cap D$ is transmitted to $B_{1/2}\cap Ω$ up to the boundary of $Ω$. This corresponds to the boundary counterpart of the interior regularity results in Figalli-Kim-Shahgholian, Nonlinear Anal. 2022.
Coronary artery bypass grafting using the "Super Pulse" dynamic pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass device in patients with cerebrovascular occlusive disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with coronary disease complicated by severe carotid or intracranial arterial stenosis underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) using a novel method of dynamic pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (Super Pulse CPB). The Super Pulse technique can maintain the systolic pressure and systolic-diastolic amplitude in such a way that they mimic the physiologic circulation. Forty-five patients (33 males and 12 females, mean age 65.1 years) with coronary disease who had a greater than 75% stenosis of the carotid or intracranial arteries were evaluated. Evaluation was performed for the following 3 groups: 8 patients with conventional pulsatile CPB (Group I), 8 patients with conventional pulsatile CPB plus intraaortic balloon pumping (Group II), and 29 patients with Super Pulse CPB. Maximum, minimum, and mean perfusion pressures during CPB were 112.7, 53.6, and 76.9 mmHg (integrated mean), respectively, in Group III. The systolic-diastolic amplitude was significantly better than for Group I and similar to baseline pressures. No patients in Group II or Group III developed perioperative cerebral disorders or myocardial infarction, while in Group I perioperative cerebral disorders developed in 3 patients, myocardial infarction occurred in 2 patients, and 2 patients died during hospitalization. The initial performance of the Super Pulse CPB indicates excellent safety, and is useful for patients with co-morbid cerebral arterial disease.
Expanding supply of improved seed to farmers in northern Ghana to increase food security

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The global problem of food security is particularly acute in many parts of west Africa, where food \nproduction needs to increase to meet growing demand. The ‘Green Revolution', where improved \ncrop varieties are matched with improved management practices (particularly fertilisers), has \nbeen very successful in increasing food production in many parts of the world. However, in much \nof west Africa farmers have not adopted improved crop varieties. There are many reasons behind \nthis lack of implementation, such as access to finance, access to improved varieties, access to \nmarket and government policy constraints. One major roadblock to adoption of improved \nvarieties identified in Savelugu, northern Ghana, was a lack of sufficient improved cowpea seed \n(an important cash crop). In northern Ghana there are very few certified seed producers, mainly \ndue to the highly regulated certification process. More than 90% of seed is traded between \nfarmers in an ‘informal' seed market. In trials conducted in the Savelugu region improved, \ncertified, cowpea varieties consistently outperformed farmer varieties and at field days farmers \nshowed a strong preference for improved varieties.In the Savelugu region we worked with an \nInnovation Platform on a pilot system where one seed producer contracted ‘out‐growers' to \nproduce certified seed, while the seed producer performed the certification processes and \nprovide the required inputs and technical support. These out‐growers were situated in villages \naround Savelugu, where they were able to use the informal supply chain to deliver 20 additional \ntonnes of certified seed to farmers in the first year of operation.
Effect of Graded Levels of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds on the Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seeds (FS) as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. In the first experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 160) straight-run broilers were fed FS at 0 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, and 10 g/kg of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 35 days) with four replicates of ten birds each. In the second experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 144) male broilers were fed 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g FS per kilogram of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 42 days) with six replicates of eight birds each. In addition to growth performance, hematological parameters and intestinal histomorphology were measured in the second experiment. FS linearly reduced the body weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.001), feed intake (FI) (p < 0.05), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05) during the starter phase in both experiments. However, no significant effects on BWG, FI, and FCR were observed during the finisher phase. Moreover, the overall BWG and FI were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of FS, but BWG and FI were similar in the 5 g/kg FS group and control group. The inclusion of FS had a linear increase in white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, and lymphocyte count (p < 0.005) and the decrease in hematocrit % (p = 0.004) and total bilirubin (p = 0.001). The villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio of jejunum and ileum were significantly lower in 5 g FS and 10 g FS treatments (p < 0.001) compared to the control. The result indicates that the dietary inclusion of FS reduces the early growth performance, increases the WBC counts, and negatively affects the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE AUTOMATED CAR DASHBOARD

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores the progression of automotive dashboards into automated interfaces, from basic information panels to interactive platforms. It describes the historical backdrop of classic dashboards, which delivered critical vehicle data via conventional gauges and dials. With the growth of automation and connection came an era of change, bringing in information technology systems with entertainment, navigation, and communication options. Touch screens and smart phone connectivity improved the driving experience even further. The chapter then goes into today's scenario, where automation has taken centre stage. Dashboards were asked to display real-time data on adaptive cruise control and parking assistance by Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). These interfaces promote collaboration between drivers and AI systems, highlighting the importance of a hybrid connection. The user experience is increasingly prioritised in modern automotive dashboards, which have multifunctional touch screens, voice recognition, and personalised AI-driven layouts. Distraction mitigation and cyber security are highlighted, emphasising the need for smart design. In the future, the chapter recognises augmented reality displays projecting crucial information onto the driver's field of vision, enhancing situational awareness. As prospective possibilities, biometric sensors and integration with smart city infrastructure are being investigated. The growth of autonomous car dashboards combines wider transportation technology innovations and promises to transform the driving experience. The chapter finishes by emphasising the importance of these dashboards in the road towards self-driving and networked vehicles, emphasising the importance of balancing innovation, safety, and user-centric design.