jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bernardo Bertolucci: Interviews

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Collected here are forty years of the thoughts of one of the most influential filmmakers of our time. Although the winner of nine Academy Awards for his The Last Emperor, Bernardo Bertolucci may ultimately be best remembered for his Last Tango in Paris, which Pauline Kael called the most erotic film ever made. This volume gives a privileged view of Bertolucci's career from the days of his first radical experiments to the present, when he has become an elder statesman of world cinema. Half of these twenty-three interviews appear in English for the first time. The conversations resonate with themes that run throughout Bertolucci's work and thought from his early experimental films--Before the Revolution, The Spider's Strategem, The Conformist, and Last Tango in Paris--to his more mainstream works--The Last Emperor, The Sheltering Sky, Little Buddha, and Besieged. These conversations with Bertolucci reveal the significance of psychoanalysis in his films, the relationship between films and dreams, his early fascination with Godard and the New Wave, his views on extremism and radical politics, and his personal search for cinematic truth. As the interviews progress through four decades of his filmmaking, they show his artistic evolution. In the earliest he is questing for answers to questions about the fundamental cinema problem. In the latest he has come to recognize the need to please his audience. As Bertolucci speaks, he provides his autobiography, his psychohistory, a production journal of each of his films, a portrait gallery of his contemporaries, a compendium of film theory, and an ABC of ideas that range from auteur theory, Bazin, the camera, dance, editing, right on to Zen. He speaks of his early poetry, his fiercely revolutionary stances of the 1960s, and his gradual discovery that he always has to be in love with his audiences. In all, this is a stunning self-portrait of one of cinema's greatest filmmakers. Fabien S. Gerard has been working as Bertolucci's script supervisor for the last ten years and is the author of the shooting diary of The Last Emperor. He currently teaches film history at Brussels University. Bruce Sklarew, a Washington, D. C., psychoanalyst and physician, is director of the Forum for the Psychoanalytic Study of Film and is a friend of Bertolucci's. T. Jefferson Kline has been a professor of French at Boston University since 1979 and is the author of Bertolucci's Dream Loom: A Psychoanalytic Study of Cinema and other books.
Factors Affecting Usage of Information Technology in Support of Knowledge Sharing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores key factors affecting the usage of information technology (IT) tools in support of knowledge sharing in service organizations in Hong Kong. In a case study of five firms, the usage of IT tools is influenced by an array of factors acting as enablers, barriers, and motivators. The findings support extant theories on knowledge management (KM). This research discovers relationships between multiple factors and the usage of IT tools for knowledge sharing at various hierarchical levels. Operational factors like perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, staff capability, and nature of work induce higher usage of IT for knowledge sharing. These findings and related analyses have managerial implications for firms engaging in service business.
Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohols as mucoadhesive polymers for mucoadhesive buccal tablets prepared by direct compression

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) as a mucoadhesive polymer for mucoadhesive buccal tablets prepared by direct compression. Various polymerization degree and particle diameter PVAs were investigated for their usability. The tensile strength, in vitro adhesive force, and water absorption properties of the tablets were determined to compare the various PVAs. The highest values of the tensile strength and the in vitro adhesive force were observed for PVAs with a medium viscosity and small particle size. The optimal PVA was identified by a factorial design analysis. Mucoadhesive tablets containing the optimal PVA were compared with carboxyvinyl polymer and hydroxypropyl cellulose formulations. The optimal PVA gives a high adhesive force, has a low viscosity, and resulted in relatively rapid drug release. Formulations containing carboxyvinyl polymer had high tensile strengths but short disintegration times. Higher hydroxypropyl cellulose concentration formulations had good adhesion forces and very long disintegration times. We identified the optimal characteristics of PVA, and the usefulness of mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing this PVA was suggested from their formulation properties.
Before and Beyond Tissue Characterization: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Morphological, Volumetric, and Functional Evaluation of the Right Ventricle in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, a Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by fibro‐fatty replacement, primarily affecting the right ventricle (RV), with variable involvement of the left ventricle, characterized by an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In addition to tissue characterization, which is not the subject of this review, dilation, global systolic dysfunction, and regional kinetic abnormalities of the RV are important components of the diagnostic process for this disease, serving as essential diagnostic criteria. Cardiac magnetic resonance, a central examination in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies, has gained progressive importance because of its greater diagnostic accuracy than echocardiography in detecting morphological volumetric and functional abnormalities, especially of the RV. However, the accurate assessment of morphological abnormalities of the RV using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging remains challenging, because of variability in the interpretation of individual structural anomalies. Besides, several elements come into play in the differential diagnosis of morphological anomalies of the RV, which often mislead the operator and lead to false positive results. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the use of cardiac magnetic resonance in the morphological, volumetric, and functional evaluation of the RV in this disease.
Jurassic dipole low defined from land and sea data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Estimates of the Earth's magnetic dipole moment through geologic time have been obtained using paleo‐intensities determined from igneous rocks. These measurements, normalized by conversion to virtual dipole moments (VDMs), were used by Prévot et al. [1990] to suggest there was an extended period named the ‘Mesozoic Dipole Low’ (MDL) from about 180 Ma to about 135 Ma. Subsequent reviews of the paleo‐intensity data appeared to indicate a minimum of about one‐third of the Cenozoic value occurred between about 180 and 120 Ma [ Kono and Tanaka, 1995; Perrin and Shcherbakov, 1997]. Recently there has been considerable debate regarding the existence of the MDL from those who have both made and reviewed more recent paleo‐intensity determinations [ Selkin and Tauxe, 2000; Heller et al., 2002; Goguitchaichvili et al., 2002; Biggin and Thomas, 2003; Thomas and Biggin, 2003]. None of these authors has used or discussed the evidence available from marine magnetic anomalies, although McElhinny and McFadden [2000] pointed out that the minimum in this proposed MDL could be seen also in the marine magnetic anomaly record from the Jurassic Quiet Zone (JQZ). The JQZ is defined by a factor‐of‐four decrease in anomaly amplitudes with increasing age from about anomaly M19 (˜144 Ma) in the Pacific [ Larson and Hilde, 1975; Cande et al., 1978].
Predicted increased water yield after clearcutting verified in west-central Alberta

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of clear-cutting on the North Western Pulp and Power Company Ltd. lease near Hinton, Alberta on water yield were predicted to be (1) an increase in streamflow during the snowmelt freshet, (2) an annual yield increase of 20-30% , (3) an increase in storm flow peak magnitude of four to five times, and (4) a longevity of more than 30 years before these effects begin to diminish . These predictions were made using an informal model that states that the change in water yield resulting from forest harvest may be inferred from the alterations in stand structure, density, and arrangement that occur during harvesting which produce predictable changes in the interception, transpiration, snow accumulation, and snowmelt processes that in turn affect generated runoff . Validity of the predictions was tested by statistically comparing water yield from nine logged and nine unlogged catchments on the lease. Results were (1) 59% more streamflow during the snowmelt freshet, (2) 27% greater yield over the gauged season (April 25-September 15), and (3) an increase in storm peaks of 1-1/2 to two times. Since the first two effects confirmed the predictions, and the average harvest age is 10 years, longevity will likely be as predicted also.
Measuring processes of change in behavioural interventions: Insights gained from linking mechanisms of action to associated measures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Testing mechanisms of action (MoAs) hypothesized to drive behaviour change improves intervention efficacy and allows theoretical propositions to be evaluated, enabling evidence accumulation. However, clear correspondence between behavioural MoAs and associated measures is lacking, creating challenges for intervention evaluation. Aims To link well‐defined behavioural MoAs to multidimensional measures. Method Two researchers independently judged whether 44 measures (comprising 131 (sub)scales) in the Science of Behavior Change (SOBC) Measures Repository are suitable for measuring 270 MoAs from the Human Behaviour‐Change Project's MoA Ontology (2022). Links were categorized as ‘confirmed’ (aligned with a prior expert opinion study linking measures to 26 MoAs), ‘removed’ or ‘new’. Judgements were compared, discussed, reconciled iteratively and jointly reviewed for consistency. Results Six hundred and eighty‐six links between SOBC measures and MoAs were identified (397 ‘confirmed’, 289 ‘new’). Measures were found to tap into multiple MoAs, with 5.24 MoAs linked to each measure on average. These links demonstrated greater granularity than those identified in a previous expert opinion study because MoAs from the MoA Ontology were more specific than MoAs from this previous study. Commonly co‐occurring MoAs were identified (e.g., ‘self‐regulation process’ and ‘self‐regulation capability’) and MoAs potentially missing from the ontology were noted. Conclusion The refined measure‐MoA links provide more precise guidance for researchers when designing and/or selecting measures to assess the role of MoAs in theory‐based behavioural interventions. Future research should further explore measure‐MoA links by, for example, testing the discriminant content validity of ostensibly distinct measures that tap into the same or similar MoAs.
Molecular detection of Neospora caninum in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Iran

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite with a wide range of intermediate bird hosts. There is little information describing the prevalence and genetic characterization of N. caninum in bird hosts worldwide and in Iran. In this study, a total of 217 brain samples of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) were examined for N. caninum presence by nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the Nc-5 gene. N. caninum DNA was detected in 3.68% (8/217) of sparrows. Sequencing of the Nc5 genomic DNA revealed 97–99% of similarity with N. caninum sequences deposited in Genbank. To our knowledge, this study is the first molecular evidence of N. caninum DNA in bird hosts in Iran. The results of this study highlight the role of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) in maintaining and spreading N. caninum infection to canines in the feral and domestic environment.
Occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma caused by Tetranychus urticae (red spider mite). A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. This paper highlights a clinical case of a patient suffering bronchial asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis due to sensitization to Tetranychus urticae(TU ), commonly known as the red spider mite, which belongs to the Prostigmata sub‐order of the Tetranychidae family, in relation to a work environment (a carnation nursery). Both prick and intradermal skin tests were positive, as well as specific bronchial challenge tests with TU extract. Specific IgE was demonstrated by RAST (Class 3). Unspecific bronchial provocation with methacholine was negative. Sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel elcctrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) immunoblotting revealed the presence of seven main IgE binding proteins, the more intense bands being those appearing at 21. 17 and 15 kDa. This indicates a case of immediated type hypersensitivity to Tetranychus urticae with a clear correlation to occupational environment.
Functional connectivity of interictal iEEG and the connectivity of high-frequency components in epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Epilepsy is a disease of altered brain networks. The monitoring and analysis of functional connectivity and network properties can yield a better understanding of the underlying pathology, and improve treatment and prognostics. Identifying hub network regions has been in the spotlight of network neuroscience studies in epilepsy, as monitoring these areas can provide a perspective of the network’s local and global organization. Functional network analysis can be especially useful in Medically Refractory Epilepsy (MRE) cases, where surgical intervention is necessary for seizure relief. In such cases, the delineation of the epileptogenic zone, which represents the surgical target, is a very crucial procedure, which can be enhanced by understanding the underlying network topology. In this review, we will explore the expanding body of literature on functional connectivity of interictal intracranial electrophysiologic data, focusing on the interpretation of network properties, global or local, for identifying epileptogenic tissue. We will emphasize functional connectivity at high frequencies (above 80 Hz), as during the past decade High-Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have been increasingly recognized as a promising biomarker of the seizure onset zone. We will conclude the review with an assessment of current limitations and a discussion of future research paths.
Thesis Abstract Chagas disease and triatomine biology (Heteroptera, Triatominae), with emphasis on aspects of spermatogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A century after the discovery of Chagas disease, it is still one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting humans. The subfamily Triatominae is important in medical health, because these insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. These insects are also of important cytological relevance because they have particular cell characteristics, such as persistence of nucleolar material in spermatogenesis. The germ cells of the animal kingdom have chromatoid bodies (CBs) in their cytoplasm that can originate from nucleolar material that is fragmented in the early stages of spermatogenesis and plays an important role in cellular communication between the spermatids during spermiogenesis. Currently, there are few studies on the function and formation of the CB in nucleologenesis, especially with emphasis on the ultrastructure of the cells involved in spermatogenesis of insects. Considering the importance of knowledge about the triatomine fauna, we conducted a study of the biogeography and reports of these insects and a survey of patients with Chagas disease in the northwestern region of São Paulo State. Data collected from 1995 to 2009 indicated 700 individuals with Chagas disease, demonstrating a range of 0 to 40 years, which shows that the disease may be active in this region. Moreover, of the 1150 patients treated for cardiomyopathy, 44% were chagasic. Regarding the triatomines noted and captured in the period from 2004 to 2009, the species were Triatoma sordida and Rhodnius neglectus, with T. sordida being the most abundant. In addition, some triatomines were infected by T. cruzi in various developmental stages. We also analyzed the nucleolar cycle and fibrillarin nucleolar protein expression in CB of spermatogenic cells of T. infestans and T. sordida, using histological, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical techniques. The results revealed fibrillarin nucleolar protein expression in the nucleus and in some cytoplasmic spots of germ cells during spermatogenesis in triatomines. These data suggest that fibrillarin could be a constituent of CB, which was most likely derived from nucleolar fragmentation. This is the first time that fibrillarin protein expression has been shown in CB during spermatogenesis progression in triatomines. Knowledge about the biology of triatomines was deepened in this study and, in particular, the structural and ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis in triatomines. This study showed that the disease may be active in the northwestern region of São Paulo and expanded our knowledge of the biology of triatomines, the main vectors of Chagas disease. © FUNPEC-RP.
Identification of Unsafe Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Using a Robust Surrogate Assay for Pluripotency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have the potential to generate healthy cells and tissues for the study and medical treatment of a large number of diseases. The utility of putative hiPSC-based therapies is constrained by a lack of robust quality-control assays that address the stability of the cells or their capacity to form teratomas after differentiation. Here we report that virally derived hiPSC, but not human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or hiPSC derived using episomal nonintegrating vectors, exhibit a propensity to revert to a pluripotent phenotype following differentiation. This instability was revealed using our published method to identify pluripotent cells undergoing very early-stage differentiation in standard hESC cultures, by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based on expression of the cell surface markers TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2. Differentiated cells cultured post-FACS fractionation from virally derived hiPSC lines reacquired immunoreactivity to TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2, formed stem cell-like colonies, and re-expressed canonical pluripotency markers. Furthermore, differentiated cells from pluripotency-reverting hiPSC lines generated teratomas in immunocompromised mice, raising concerns about their safety in downstream applications. In contrast, differentiated cell populations from hESC and episomally derived hiPSC did not show any of these abnormalities. Our assays may be used to identify “unsafe” hiPSC cell lines and this information should be considered when selecting hiPSC lines for clinical use and indicate that experiments using these “unsafe” hiPSC lines should be interpreted carefully.
Malassezia: A Commensal, Pathogen, and Mutualist of Human and Animal Skin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Identified in the late nineteenth century as a single species residing on human skin, Malassezia is now recognized as a diverse genus comprising 18 species inhabiting not only skin but human gut, hospital environments, and even deep-sea sponges. All cultivated Malassezia species are lipid dependent, having lost genes for lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. The surging interest in Malassezia results from development of tools to improve sampling, culture, identification, and genetic engineering, which has led to findings implicating it in numerous skin diseases, Crohn disease, and pancreatic cancer. However, it has become clear that Malassezia plays a multifaceted role in human health, with mutualistic activity in atopic dermatitis and a preventive effect against other skin infections due to its potential to compete with skin pathogens such as Candida auris. Improved understanding of complex microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions will be required to define Malassezia’s role in human and animal health and disease so as to design targeted interventions.
On the Conflict Potential of Inherited Boundaries in Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The consequences that flow from the collapse of empires have never been easily predicted. Seldom, however, has the demise of an imperial system been accompanied by as many systematic analyses and projections as has the current period of decolonization. Much of the recent discussion concerning the newer members of the international system has made reference to their so-called artificial political boundaries. It has been predicted, among other things, that the political boundaries of Asia and Africa, by virtue of their presumed artificiality, harbor the seeds of “many a troublesome irredenta in the future.” Frequent references are made, in the growing literature on nation-building and political modernization, to the “natural” or “unnatural” qualities of these boundaries, and the absence of careful general studies of this topic has been noted. This article proposes to examine the dominant characteristics of African political boundaries and the circumstances under which disputes over their location have so far been generated, and to deduce some general propositions about their conflict potential. The thrust of the argument to be presented is that there is a low conflict potential in contemporary African boundaries and that earlier predictions of instability are not likely to be borne out.
QCD Sum Rules and J/Ψ Suppression in Hot Hadronic Matter and Quark-Gluon Plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A consistent treatment based on the QCD sum rules at finite temperature has been established to calculate the J/Ψ suppression in hot hadronic matter (HM) and quark-gluon plasma (QGP) respectively. We have found that the J/Ψ suppression occurs in both hadronic matter and quark-gluon plasma, but a J/Ψ mass shift of about 0.49 GeV exists in QGP background only. The results obtained by QCD sum rules and by potential model are compared.
Rap Genius in the Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Rap Genius began as a rap lyric website, but it has since moved far beyond just rap, with unique home pages for Rock, News, and Poetry. At its heart, the ‘Genius’ sites provide a social-collaborative annotation platform. Like Wikipedia, it’s a crowd-sourced database that allows any users to add content. Unlike Wikipedia, Genius invites users to annotate documents, to break down and close read novels, short stories, poems, and a wide variety of other texts.