jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Current epidemiological situation of bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Colombia.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Viral diseases such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) impact livestock production, causing significant economic losses in dairy and beef cattle, due to reproductive and respiratory issues. This research aims to identify risk factors contributing to the occurrence of IBR and BVD in the department of Huila, and to determine biosecurity measures for effective management in livestock production. The sampling was made on 360 cattle across 24 municipalities with blood samples tested for BVD and IBR antibodies using ELISA. Of the 360 samples analyzed, 52.7% tested positive for BVD, 55.6% for IBR, and 31.1% for both. Key risk factors identified included estrus detection, contact with neighboring animals, and limited access restrictions for BVD. In contrast, IBR risk factors involved animal purchases, contact with neighboring herds, and infrastructure like footbaths. Protective factors including regular pregnancy diagnostics, tool disinfection, and animal isolation protocols. This descriptive research highlights the importance of managing IBR and BVD in livestock, identifying a lack of awareness and farming practices especially in prevention, sanitation, and biosecurity as critical issues impacting production.
The role of estrogen receptor-α and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High estradiol levels in late puberty induce growth plate closure and thereby cessation of growth in humans. In mice, the growth plates do not fuse after sexual maturation, but old mice display reduced longitudinal bone growth and high-dose estradiol treatment induces growth plate closure. Estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulates gene transcription via two activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2. To evaluate the role of ERα and its AF-1 for age-dependent reduction in longitudinal bone growth and growth plate closure, female mice with inactivation of ERα (ERα −/− ) or ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1 0 ) were evaluated. Old (16- to 19-mo-old) female ERα −/− mice showed continued substantial longitudinal bone growth, resulting in longer bones (tibia: +8.3%, P < 0.01) associated with increased growth plate height (+18%, P < 0.05) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the longitudinal bone growth ceased in old ERαAF-1 0 mice (tibia: −4.9%, P < 0.01). Importantly, the proximal tibial growth plates were closed in all old ERαAF-1 0 mice while they were open in all WT mice. Growth plate closure was associated with a significantly altered balance between chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the growth plate. In conclusion, old female ERα −/− mice display a prolonged and enhanced longitudinal bone growth associated with increased growth plate height, resembling the growth phenotype of patients with inactivating mutations in ERα or aromatase. In contrast, ERαAF-1 deletion results in a hyperactive ERα, altering the chondrocyte proliferation/apoptosis balance, leading to growth plate closure. This suggests that growth plate closure is induced by functions of ERα that do not require AF-1 and that ERαAF-1 opposes growth plate closure.
Saving Turtles; rehabilitating practices and enactments: the entangled lives of sea turtles and people in a turtle conservation organisation in Far Northern Queensland, Australia.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This thesis explores encounters between humans and sea turtles. Based on six months fieldwork in Cairns, Far Northern Queensland, Australia, my ethnography revolves around Saving Turtles1, an environmental organisation that works to rehabilitate sick and injured sea turtles in two turtle rehab-centres; improvised, yet sturdy and well functioning hospitals built for sea turtles. I discuss how sea turtles emerge differentially through the nexus of practices that connects to this organisation, where turtles and people meet and entangle in different ways. I show how sea turtles are enacted as a threatened group of animals through pictures and texts deployed in the environmental movement, and argue that this creates conditions for the work carried out by Saving Turtles. I then focus on practices within this organisation's rehab-centres and show how different sea turtle ontologies are produced out of the caring-practices in which they take part. Furthermore, I argue that when turtles are successfully rehabilitated and released into the sea, this enacts wilderness-nature as a particular ontology that hinges on a clear separation between nature and culture. By focusing on the nexus of practices that go into rehabilitating turtles, my aim is to use empirical descriptions as a kind of onto-political interference, against seeing the natural world as given and inert or ontologies as fixed. Lastly, I briefly discuss how aboriginal hunting of sea turtles challenges the enactment of wilderness-nature and opens up for seeing how realities can always be done differently.
A Qualitative Improvement of the Passive Self-Injection Locking Method for Spectral Control of Dye and Ti:Al2O3 Lasers by Dual-pulse pumping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Passive self-injection locking (PSIL) laser control yields efficiency close to that in the optimized non-selective cavity [1]. The principle of PSIL lies in the spectrally selective reinjection through the one of the outputs in two-outputs cavity. Its main problem is the wideband free lasing at high pump levels. We show (theory, experiment) that die background emission in a PSIL-controlled dye or Ti:Al 2 O 3 laser can be reduced drastically by dual-pulse pumping when the laser is pumped first by a near threshold pulse and second by the main pulse which is X=30+50 times the threshold. The scheme of the dual-pulse pumped PSIL-controlled two-wavelength dye laser is presented in Fig.1. The cavity is formed by the laser output mirror M 1 (R=0.9) and two interference structures - M 2 (R=0.7), IW 1 and M 3 (R=1) selects λ 1 and M 2 IW 1 as an intermediate reflector, IW 2 as a selector and M 4 (R=1) selects λ 2 - The IW 1,2 are interference wedges (thickness 5µm, reflectivity of the coatings 0.9, wedge angle 3.10 -5 rad).
3.4 Ion Channels and Regulation of Dopamine Neuron Activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ion channels are at the heart of generating electrical activity of neurons and coupling it to neurotransmitter release. They comprise a superfamily of transmembrane proteins that form pores through plasma membranes, enabling ions to pass with high efficiency. This chapter reviews the central role of ion channels in the generation and regulation of electrical activity of dopamine neurons. It focuses on midbrain dopamine neurons located in the nuclei substantia nigra (SN, A9) and the adjacent ventral tegmental area (VTA, A10).
War against biofilms: magnetic nanoparticles as effective shield breakers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biofilm formation on medical devices can cause persistent infections. The main feature of biofilms is their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that act as a protective shield to prevent biocide penetration. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), synthesized through a simple process, were used as “shield breakers” to damage the biofilm matrix and cause biofilm detachment. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain was used to demonstrate the efficacy of MNPs. The highest logarithmic reduction (4.71 log) of S. aureus biofilm was achieved after treatment with 30 mg/mL of 11 nm MNPs under rotating magnetic field for 15 minutes. MNPs caused strong mechanical disruption to the matrix and led to biofilm dispersal. Both alternating and rotating magnetic fields improved the effect of MNPs on biofilm damage. The increased MNPs solution temperature produces by hyperthermic effect in the AC field while the MNPs caused physical damage on biofilms in rotating magnetic field.
Konsentrasi Sukrosa Dan Agar Di Dalam Media Pelestarian In-Vitro Ubi Jalar Var. Sukuh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this research was to obtain suitable concentration of sucrose and agar in the sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L) Lam) in vitro preservation medium, in order to make plant grow slowly and healthy. Experiment was done in Molecular Biologi Laboratory of PAU IPB. The experiment was arranged in factorial complete random design, using sweet potato var. Sukuh in order to know the effect of sucrose (40,50,60,70 and 80 g l-1) and agar (7 and 8 g l-1) which were added 1 g l-1 hyponex fertilizer 20-20-20. The experiment was replicated four times. Data were analyzed parametrically and non-parametrically. The result of these experiments showed the suitable conservation media was 1 g l-1 hyponex 20-20-20 + 60 g l-1sucrose + 7 g l-1 agar. Threfore, the media composition MS could produce high green inter nodes number, high root number and more than two green leaf number. This experiment also showed that MS media could be replaced by a cheaper and easily found conservation medium.
Census (by household), KTU 4.295

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text or Publication Number Note:] KTU 4.295, KTU2 4.295, KTU3 4.295, CTU 4.295, CAT 4.295 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during excavations at Ras Shamra. ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧
Tylecodon opelii, a new obligatory quartz-gravel species from the Northern Knersvlakte (Western Cape, South Africa)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some 47 species of Tylecodon are endemic to South Africa and Namibia (Van Jaarsveld & Koutnik 2004). In South Africa 43 species occur, confined to the south – and south-western portion of the country where winter rainfall is experienced. The new species falls within the Knersvlakte Centre of Plant Endemism (Van Wyk & Smith 2001). Tylecodon opelii is a new, obligate quartz-gravel dwelling species endemic to the northern Knersvlakte in the northern part of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It was discovered by, and is named for, Conophytum expert Matt Opel, of the University of Connecticut (USA), on a expedition to the Knersvlakte July 2000. It is related to a group of dwarf, quartz-dwelling, geophytic species growing mainly in Succulent Karoo vegetation: Tylecodon nolteei, T. occultans, T. pusillus and T. peculiaris. Tylecodon opelii is immediately distinguished from other species by its oblong tubers, and its irregularly moulded leaves, which are intensely dark green during the growing season, bearing a few pointed trichomes. The corolla of T. opelii is cylindric to slightly funnel-shaped, 12-14 mm long, with tapering squamae at the base. The species can be confused with T. occultans and T. nolteei. However, T. occultans is immediately recognised by the white whiskery trichomes on its much broader leaf surfaces, T. nolteei (Fig. 1) by its blood-red, Gorbachev-forehead markings. T. occultans and T. opelii never have these painted markings, and T. nolteei has a larger, much taller caudex, though that pertains more to plants at the type locality; the eastern and southern populations show rounder, more modest caudexes. Tylecodon peculiaris (Fig. 2) is another very little-known plant with which T. opelii can also be confused, but it is immediately distinguished by its rough ‘jellytot’ appearance, the epidermis having a glassily bubbled purplish-green texture. Tylecodon opelii Van Jaarsv. & S.A.Hammer, differt a T. occultante tuberibus oblongis, foliis atroviridibus, irregulariter contortis, trichomata acuta sparse ferentibus, corolla 12–14 × 2–3 mm ad orem tubo alba differt. TYPE.—SOUTH AFRICA 3118 (Vanrhynsdorp): Bakoondkolk, south-sloping quartz gravel hillside, 150–200 m, (–AB), Van Jaarsveld 22751 (NBG, holo.). Plant solitary, summer-deciduous, dwarf geophyte to 10 mm in diameter. Roots fibrous. Tuber oblong, up to 35 × 10–15 mm, pale grey-brown and somewhat flaking, exposing the grey-green epidermis underneath; phyllopodia absent. Leaves softly succulent, apically produced, solitary or rarely with up to 3 leaves, ascending; blade irregularly molded, broadly club-shaped, orbicular to reniform (viewed from the top), often irregularly concave or shallowly grooved, 8–15 × 10–15 mm, cuneate and
Large-scale restricted boltzmann machines on single GPU

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent works on deep belief network (DBNs) have shown that applying large-scale unsupervised feature learning model can dramatically improve the performance of the applications in many fields. Training billions of parameters in these models such as restricted boltzmann machines (RBMs) appears to be computational challenging for modern CPUs. Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) has been employed in many large-scale deep learning models for performance enhancement due to its massively parallel computing capability. Unfortunately, the limited device memory of GPUs imposes a restriction on the size of the model trained on a single GPU. Multi-GPUs approaches, on the other hand, suffer from inefficient communication and economic cost. In this paper, we proposed a novel memory efficient algorithm on single GPU that can train large-scale RBMs without size restriction and preserve the performance gain of GPU parallel computation. Particularly, the experiments demonstrated that our approach used 75% less memory storage at the cost of only 10% performance loss in training large-scale RBMs with billions of parameters.
The Refraction of a Plane Shock Wave at an Air-Water Interface.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The normal refraction at an air water interface of a plane shock wave incident through the air is considered. The perfect gas and Tait equations of state are used, respectively, to represent the thermodynamic properties of the air and water. For refracted pressures up to 1200 atmospheres, the calculations reveal that the in-water shock front and particle velocities and the changes in density differ by less than 10% from the in-water shock front and particle velocities and the changes in density predicted by acoustic theory. The calculations also show that, for a given incident shock, the ratio of the refracted pressure to the pressure reflected from a rigid wall remains above 96% for reflected pressures up to 1200 atmospheres. (Author)
Novigrad - Rhythmes, Falls, Rises and Stagnations of an Istrian Commune and Diocese in the Early Modern Age

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Novigradsko podrucje i znakovi života u njemu izranjaju iz prapovijesti obavijeni maglom hipoteza i tamom nedovoljno poznatih cinjenica. Danasnje historiografske postavke ukazuju na cinjenicu da je prvotna ribarsko-seoska aglomeracija niknula na priobalnom otoku, tek poslije, zatrpavanjem i nasipanjem kanala, pretvorenom u poluotok. Poput Kopra, Pule i Poreca, i Novigrad je - po pravnom venecijanskom sustavu naslijeđenom od akvilejskih patrijarha - pripadao gradovima, nekadasnjim rimskim municipijima i poslije biskupskim sredistima s visim stupnjem municipalnog uređenja. Njegova je važnost istaknuta u nizu povijesnih dokumenata, pohranjenih u razlicitim arhivskim i bibliotecnim ustanovama. Bio je pogođen i mnogim epidemijama, koje su neprestano smanjivale broj njegovih žitelja.
Predictors of severe hyperbiliruniaemia in HIV-infected patients treated with atazanavir (ATV)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methods HIV-infected subjects on ATV/ritonavir containing stable HAART regimen were included. ATV plasma concentrations were measured 24 hours after the last dose by HPLC with UV detector. Polymorphism at the uridin-glocoronosyl-transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) was examined in DNA extracted from blood mononuclear cells, to identify subjects with Gilbert's syndrome. The correlation between bilirubin plasma levels, ATV concentration and polymorphism of UGT1A1 (defined as the presence than at least one TA7 allele) were evaluated by multivariate linear regression (other covariates included: gender, age, CD4 count, months of ATV exposure). Predictors of severe hyperbilirubinemia (>2.5 μmol/l; grade 3) were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression (polymorphism at UGT1A1, Cmin, BMI, age included as covariates).
Axial Compression Properties of Calcium Caseinate Gels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The wide range of physicochemical and functional properties of caseins and caseinates, as well as their bland t1avor, make them an excellent protein source for the creation of formulated foods, either as novel or imitative products.The gelation properties of these highly nutritive proteins were investigated to determine their potential for the creation or imitation of high value products such as karnaboko, a surimi product.Instrumental texture profile analyses and stressstrain relationships were evaluated to determine the textural responses of caseinate gels with various additives.The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (.5%, wtJwt) was effective in creating fIrm, elastic gels that more closely resembled many of the textural properties of kamaboko.The addition of K-carrageenan with the phosphate markedly improved gel cohesiveness, springiness, water holding, and foldability.The elasticity and recoverable energy of these gels were also improved, but these gels were not as elastic as kamaboko.
Using Ecotech Architecture As An Effective Tool For Sustainability In Construction Industry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ecotech architecture can be used as an effective strategy to minimize energy consumption and enhance the satisfaction of construction industry beneficiaries in the Middle East. The use of ecotech principles has been employed in different parts of the world. However, following a universal approach is not possible as local conditions are always to be considered Applications and examples of ecotech architecture are investigated in this paper. A proposed building design for the Cheetgar region in Tehran is also briefly demonstrated. A further insight on Masdar city in Abhu Dabi is provided. An overall discussion is made and key conclusions are drawn.
Raising of the Final Atonic Vowel /o/ in Irati, Paraná

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research (with the support of CNPq, Process number: 443809/2014-3), based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 1994, 2008), sought to investigate the raising process of the mid vowel /o/ in final posttonic position in the Portuguese spoken by descendants of Slavic immigrants (Ukrainian and Polish) in the rural area of Irati, a city located in the South Central region of Paraná. Twenty-four sociolinguistic interviews (with a minimum of 40 minutes speech each) were analyzed. All of them belong to the database of the VARLINFE project (Variação Linguística de Fala Eslava, or Linguistic Variation of the Slavic Speech), and were stratified according to gender, two age ranges (26 to 49 and 50 years of age or older) and three levels of education (Elementary school, Middle school and High school). In total, seven linguistic variables and four social variables were listed and tested. The data were submitted to the GoldVarbX program statistical treatment and have indicated that the studied vowel presents a low raising rate.
[Granulocyte function and lipid peroxidation in untreated patients with hyperlipoproteinemia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The fatty acid composition in free fatty acid and phospholipid fraction of plasma in untreated mildly hyperlipidemic patients were determined. The general trend was an increase in saturation in both free and phospholipid fractions of plasma in patients compared with that of healthy controls. Furthermore, arachidonic acid, precursor of formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes was detected in significantly lower amount in plasma of mildly and untreated hyperlipidemic patients. These fatty acid abnormalities were connected with the increased lipidperoxidation in plasma lipids and in both resting and stimulated granulocytes.
Modifiable life style factors and risk for incident endometriosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Caffeine, alcohol, smoking and physical activity are known to alter sex steroid synthesis, which may affect hormone‐dependent gynaecologic disease risk, such as endometriosis; however, few studies have assessed life style factors prior to endometriosis diagnosis. Methods Four hundred and seventy three women, ages 18‐44 years, underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy, regardless of clinical indication, at 14 clinic sites, 2007‐2009. Women with prior surgically confirmed endometriosis were excluded. Life style factors were assessed prior to surgery. Adjusted risk ratios ( RR ) of endometriosis by caffeine, alcohol, smoking (serum cotinine), and physical activity were estimated, adjusting for age, marital status, education, race/ethnicity, age at menarche, gravidity, BMI , study site, and other life style factors. Results There were no associations between women with endometriosis and alcohol consumption ( RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7, 1.3), caffeine consumption ( RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8, 1.5), or smoking (serum cotinine <10 vs ≥10 ng/ mL ; RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7, 1.6). Similar null findings were found between endometriosis and weekly occurrences of physical activity and total walking, moderate, and vigorous activity; a modest trend was found between total daily sitting time and increased endometriosis risk. Conclusions This study, which is unique in its capture of life style exposures prior to incident endometriosis diagnosis, largely found no association between alcohol, caffeine, smoking, and physical activity and risk of endometriosis.