jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
with Multistage ATM. Switch Architecture Partially Shared Buffers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new ATM switch architecture is presented. The proposed switch, Multinet switch, is a self-routing multistage switch with internal buffers capable of achieving 100% throughput. Although it provides incoming ATM cells with multiple paths, the cell sequence is maintained throughout the switch fabric thus eliminating the out-of-onkr cell sequence problem. Cells contending for the same output addresses are buffered inmually according to a partial baer sharing discipline. In a partial Mer sharing scheme, buffers are partially shared to accommodate bursty traflic and to limitthepexfommncedegradationthatmayhappeninacompletely shared system where small number of calls hog up the entire buffer space mfairly. Although the hardware complexity is similar to that of the input queueing switches, the Multinet switch has the throughput and delay performance similar to the output queueing switches without the hardware complexity of the output queueing switches. Simple extension of the Multinet switch to handle multiple priority mEic and multicast trafEc is also pmposed.
Modeling the Effects of Implementation of Alternative Ways of Vehicle Powering

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The trend to replace traditional fossil fuel vehicles is becoming increasingly apparent. The replacement concerns the use of pure biofuels or in blends with traditional fuels, the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel and, above all, the introduction of electric propulsion. The introduction of new types of vehicle propulsion affects the demand for specific fuels, the needs for new infrastructure, or the nature of the emissions to the environment generated by fuel production and vehicle operation. The article presents a mathematical model using the difference of two logistic functions, the first of which describes the development of the production of a specific type of vehicle, and the second, the withdrawal of this type of vehicle from traffic after its use. The model makes it possible to forecast both the number of vehicles of each generation as a function of time, as well as changes in energy demand from various sources and changes in exhaust emissions. The results of the numerical simulation show replacing classic vehicles with alternative vehicles increases the total energy demand if the generation of the next generation occurs earlier than the decay of the previous generation of vehicles and may decrease in the case of overlapping or delays in the creation of new vehicles compared to the course of the decay function of the previous generation. For electric vehicles, carbon dioxide emissions are largely dependent on the emissions from electricity generation. The proposed model can be used to forecast technology development variants, as well as analyze the current situation based on the approximation of real data from Vehicle Registration Offices.
Ultrastructural study on spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 肝癌自发性破裂是一种危险的出血性并发症,其发病机制不详.我们既往的免疫组化研究已首次证实了该病人中存在血管病变现象,本实验旨在通过电子显微镜对其血管壁进行超微结构检查,以进一步证实其血管病变.方法 1995～1997年间,对11例肝癌破裂病人的手术标本与同期随机选取的11例肝癌非破裂病人手术标本,进行血管内皮细胞的透射电子显微镜检查.结果 11例肿瘤破裂的病人中,有9例病人的血管壁出现内皮细胞受损现象,包括:血管内皮细胞发生细胞连接消失、窗口直径过大及伴有高蛋白合成征象.在肿瘤非破裂的病人中,上述血管受损现象仅在2例病人中发现,二者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论肝癌破裂病人中的血管内皮细胞存在通透性增加及高蛋白合成现象,其病变可能与肿瘤破裂有关。
THE EXPERIENCE OF BORROWING N. K. KRUPSKAYA AND J. DEWEY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE NEW SOVIET PEDAGOGY IN THE 1920S

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

on the basis of comparison of texts of the American philosopher John Dewey and one of the founders of Soviet pedagogy N. K. Krupskaya, the article proves the fact of borrowing Dewey's ideas in the construction of a new Soviet school. In recent years, when studying the history of the education system, the vector of research interest will be mixed towards the study of the ideas and concepts that underlie this system. The appeal of the new government to the ideas of J. Dewey appears to be one of the steps towards building a new school.
The role of pragmatism in explaining heterogeneity in meta-analyses of randomised trials: a protocol for a cross-sectional methodological review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction There has been increasing interest in pragmatic trials methodology. As a result, tools such as the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 (PRECIS-2) are being used prospectively to help researchers design randomised controlled trials (RCTs) within the pragmatic-explanatory continuum. There may be value in applying the PRECIS-2 tool retrospectively in a systematic review setting as it could provide important information about how to pool data based on the degree of pragmatism. Objectives To investigate the role of pragmatism as a source of heterogeneity in systematic reviews by (1) identifying systematic reviews with meta-analyses of RCTs that have moderate to high heterogeneity, (2) applying PRECIS-2 to RCTs of systematic reviews, (3) evaluating the inter-rater reliability of PRECIS-2, (4) determining how much of this heterogeneity may be explained by pragmatism. Methods A cross-sectional methodological review will be conducted on systematic reviews of RCTs published in the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2017. Included systematic reviews will have a minimum of 10 RCTs in the meta-analysis of the primary outcome and moderate to substantial heterogeneity (I 2 ≥50%). Of the eligible systematic reviews, a random selection of 10 will be included for quantitative evaluation. In each systematic review, RCTs will be scored using the PRECIS-2 tool, in duplicate. Agreement between raters will be measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be used to evaluate how much variability in the primary outcome may be due to pragmatism. Dissemination This review will be among the first to evaluate the PRECIS-2 tool in a systematic review setting. Results from this research will provide inter-rater reliability information about PRECIS-2 and may be used to provide methodological guidance when dealing with pragmatism in systematic reviews and subgroup considerations. On completion, this review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.
Monolayer Studies of Chiral and Racemic 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The monolayer properties of chiral and racemic 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acids (12HOA) have been studied. Both acids showed, in each pressure-area isotherm, a pressure plateau. This was interpreted as a two-dimensional phase transition region: from the expanded monolayer composed of bent chain molecules with both the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups attached to the water surface, to the condensed monolayer composed of straight chain molecules oriented steeply to the water surface. It was suggested by measuring infrared spectra of the collapsed films and the built-up films that the condensed monolayer involves intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Differences between (R)- and dl-12HOA were found in the plateau pressure and its temperature dependence leading to the transition energy. These results were attributed to the formation of a recemic molecular compound during condensation of monolayers of dl-12HOA, prior to collapse, followed by a different manner of hydrogen bonding. Electron microscope observation gave strong evidence for the two-dimensional racemic compound formation. On the basis of these results and the X-ray diffraction data, molecular packing models in the condensed monolayers were proposed.
Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Technical Maneuvers to Achieve Vermilion and Mucosal Height

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients with unilateral cleft lip often require secondary procedures due to asymmetric fullness or deficiencies along the mucosal free margin of the upper lip. Here, we describe our technique for mucosal advancement and repair to attain symmetry. Methods: Maneuvers to obtain vermilion and mucosal height include (1) use of a tailored vermilion flap; (2) supraperiosteal release of the lesser segment; (3) backcut “poker incision” to mobilize the mucosal flap on the lesser segment; (4) transverse release of mucosa across the greater segment; (5) accurate reduction along vermilion-mucosal junction; and (6) bilateral medial mucosal advancement. To examine postoperative outcomes, photographic data were available for 14 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip. The Cleft Lip Component Symmetry Index was then calculated as a ratio of upper lip height on cleft to noncleft sides, where an index of 1 indicates symmetry. Results: Sixteen consecutive patients underwent unilateral cleft lip repair with this technique over a 3-year period, none of whom have required secondary operations. The symmetry index for 14 of 16 patients was 1.02 ± 0.11 (95% confidence interval [0.96, 1.08], P = 0.56), demonstrating satisfactory upper lip symmetry. Conclusions: Postoperative asymmetry after unilateral cleft lip repair, particularly along the free margin, continues to be a common problem, necessitating secondary procedures. The technique of mucosal repair merits more careful attention than it has previously received, and here we describe in detail a method that has allowed for improved symmetry.
The effect of vibration on droplet dynamics and heat transfer of spray cooling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The heat transfer mechanism of spray cooling under vibration has yet to be revealed, so it is crucial to deeply analyze the droplet impingement dynamics and heat transfer mechanism under vibration. However, there is still a gap in analyzing how vibration quantitatively affects droplet impingement dynamics and heat transfer performance. To fill this research gap, this paper will employ high-speed cameras to quantitatively analyze droplets' dynamics and heat transfer properties under various vibrational conditions. The results demonstrate that droplet spreading is enhanced at high-frequency conditions, but the enhancement decreases with the reduction in amplitude. Under high amplitude conditions, droplets gain additional inertial forces to overcome adhesive forces, causing oscillation in the three-phase contact line of the droplets, which significantly consumes the kinetic energy of droplet spreading, thereby suppressing droplet spreading. Vibration overall suppresses droplet spreading; at an amplitude of 0.2 mm and frequency of 80 Hz, the spreading enhancement factor is merely 4%. Moreover, the droplet's heat transfer rate, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and cooling efficiency all increase with the rise in vibrational frequency but are all subdued by the amplitude. Compared to a static surface, vibration suppresses droplet heat transfer but can facilitate droplet heat transfer under low amplitude and high-frequency conditions. At an amplitude of 0.2 mm, the maximum heat transfer enhancement factor (HTEF) is 16%. At an amplitude of 0.8 mm and frequency of 10 Hz, the minimum HTEF is -44%. This research undoubtedly brings innovative insights into spray droplet impact dynamics and heat transfer and can provide valuable guidance for related industrial applications.
Mimicking martingales

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given the univariate marginals of a real-valued, continuous-time martingale, (resp., a family of measures parameterised by $t\\in[0,T]$ which is increasing in convex order, or a double continuum of call prices), we construct a family of pure-jump martingales which mimic that martingale (resp., are consistent with the family of measures, or call prices). As an example, we construct a fake Brownian motion. Then, under a further “dispersion” assumption, we construct the martingale which (within the family of martingales which are consistent with a given set of measures) has the smallest expected total variation. We also give a pathwise inequality, which in the mathematical finance context yields a model-independent sub-hedge for an exotic security with payoff equal to the total variation of the price process.
Analysis of effective components of somatic hybridization callus between Panax quinquefolia L.and Daucus carota L.var.sativus Hoffm.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: To determine the content of polysaccharide and ginseng saponins Rb_1 in somatic hybridization callus between Panax quinquefolia L.and Daucus carota L.var.sativus Hoffm.Methods: The content of polysaccharide was determined by UV spectrophotometer and the content of ginseng saponins Rb_1.was determined by HPLC method.Results: The content of polysaccharide of seven somatic hybridization callus are higer than Daucus carota L.var.sativus Hoffm.callus in ten somatic hybridization callus.The content of ginseng saponins Rb_1 of six somatic hybridization callus are higer than Panax quinquefolia L.callus in ten somatic hybridization callus.Conclusion: The advantage of far-origin hybridization can be used to select and obtain the new hybridization breed of high content of virtual components.
Converter with Analog MPPT for a Photovoltaic Water Pumping System: High Efficiency and Low Cost

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Renewable electricity sources are sporadic; this system takes advantage of photovoltaic technologies to carry out continuous irrigation without requiring back control. We're using the photovoltaic system for complete power point monitoring here. Directly coupled 3-phase induction motor to drive the photovoltaic mechanism. Most present engines end in a smoother display because of maintenance-free induction motors. Perturbed & Observe algorithm The company is considering an economically feasible and market-friendly approach. With a Three-motor Voltage Source Inverter and Reverberating Inductor Boost Converter combination, the percentage of efficiency at rated power is 97%; estimated lifetime costs for the proposed device are likely to be heavy, given the use of electrolytic capacitors.
Pictalignans D-F, three new neolignan derivatives from Selaginella picta

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three new neolignan derivatives (1-3), together with three known isolariciresinol derivatives (4-6) were isolated from Selaginella picta. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS and CD). All isolated compounds were assayed on the neuroprotective activity against the injury of HT-22 cells induced by L-Glutamate in vitro. All compounds displayed potent protective effect on HT-22 cells.
How Well Can Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models Represent a Man-Made Structure: A Runway Case Study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this case study, an active runway of a civilian airport in Zonguldak, Turkey, is used to assess the suitability of spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) to model an anthropogenic structure. The tested DEMs include the ASTER, the AW3D30 m, the SRTM-1&rdquo;, the SRTM-3&rdquo;, the SRTM-X, the TanDEM-3&rdquo;, and the WorldDEMTM. A photogrammetric high accuracy DEM was also available for the tests. As a reference dataset, a line leveling survey of the runway using a Leica Sprinter 150/150M instrument was performed. The selection of a runway as a testbed for this type of investigation is justified by its unique characteristics, including its flat surface, homogenous surface material, and availability for a ground survey. These characteristics are significant because DEMs over similar structures are free from environment- and target-induced error sources. The most accurate DEM is the WorldDEMTM followed by the SRTM-3&rdquo; and TanDEM-3&rdquo;, with vertical errors (LE90) equal to 1.291 m, 1.542 m, and 1.56 m, respectively. This investigation uses a method for identifying the vertical errors in DEMs that is known as the runway method.
Molecular dynamics simulation of twin boundary effect on deformation of Cu nanopillars

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Molecular dynamics simulations performed on <110> Cu nanopillars revealed significant difference in deformation behavior of nanopillars with and without twin boundary. The plastic deformation in single crystal Cu nanopillar without twin boundary was dominated by twinning, whereas the introduction of twin boundary changed the deformation mode from twinning to slip consisting of leading partial followed by trailing partial dislocations. This difference in deformation behavior has been attributed to the formation of stair-rod dislocation and its dissociation in the twinned nanopillars.
New SUSYQM coherent states for Pöschl–Teller potentials: a detailed mathematical analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a recent short note [Bergeron H, Gazeau J P, Siegl P and Youssef A 2010\nEPL 92 60003], we have presented the nice properties of a new family of\nsemi-classical states for P\\"oschl-Teller potentials. These states are built\nfrom a supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach and the parameters of these\n"coherent" states are points in the classical phase space. In this article we\ndevelop all the mathematical aspects that have been left apart in the previous\narticle (proof of the resolution of unity, detailed calculations of quantized\nversion of classical observables and mathematical study of the resulting\noperators: problems of domains, self- adjointness or self-adjoint extensions).\nSome additional questions as asymptotic behavior are also studied. Moreover,\nthe framework is extended to a larger class of P\\"oschl-Teller potentials.\n
1289 Transverse Colonic Stricture in a Patient With Recurrent Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: An isolated colonic stricture is a rare sequela of recurrent pancreatitis, but may present a diagnostic challenge as it presents similarly to more common etiologies of isolated colonic stricture, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and malignancy. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A 48-year-old man with a history of alcohol–induced recurrent necrotizing pancreatitis requiring multiple debridements presented with a week of colicky right- sided abdominal pain and constipation. CT abdomen revealed markedly distended cecum and ascending colon, a 13-cm mid-transverse colonic stricture with marked associated stranding, and a 6-cm intra-pancreatic fluid collection. The isolated colonic stricture was thought to be due to either colonic ischemia secondary to his history of multiple episodes of severe necrotizing pancreatitis, or extrinsic compression by the pancreatic fluid collection on the transverse colon. Initial workup showed mildly elevated inflammatory markers and ascitic fluid cytology, which was negative for malignancy. On imaging, it was unclear if the stranding in the bowel was contiguous from the peri-pancreatic inflammation. See Figures 1 and 2. Colonoscopy was attempted but the colonoscope could not be passed beyond 50 cm due to marked tortuosity. The visualized portions of the mucosa appeared normal. The patient underwent a laparoscopic diverting loop ileostomy, during which narrowing of the mid-transverse colon was noted to be grossly consistent with cicatricial reaction to prior severe necrotizing pancreatitis, with adherence to the pancreatic head and neck. No neoplastic process was noted, and there was no necrotic tissue or abscess visualized. The strictured area was thought not to be amenable to resection given the frozen nature and presence of large peri-gastric and peri-colic varices and thus diverting loop ileostomy was performed along with adhesiolysis. DISCUSSION: Colonic stricture is a rare sequela of acute or chronic pancreatitis, which is thought to occur as a consequence of diffusion of ischemia and necrosis through the mesentery to the colon. Alternatively, it has also been suggested that pancreatitis may lead to colonic stricture by way of extrinsic compression on the colon by a pancreatic pseudocyst. Although rare, in the appropriate clinical context, clinicians may consider acute and chronic pancreatitis as possible etiologies of isolated colonic stricture along with more common etiologies.
Magnetic properties of multi-walled nanotubes on polysterene substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanotubes are one of the most perspective materials in modern nanotechologies. It makes present investigation very actual. In this work magnetic properties of multi-walled nanotubes on polystyrene substrate are investigated by using quantum magnetometer SQUID. Main purpose was to obtain magnetic field and temperature dependences of magnetization and to compare them to existing theoretical models of magnetism in carbon-bases structures. During data analysis a mathematical algorithm for obtained data filtration was developed because measurement with quantum magnetometer assume big missives of number data, which contain accidental errors. Nature of errors is drift of SQUID signal, errors of different parts of measurement station. \nNanotube samples on polystyrene substrate were studied with help of atomic force microscope. On the surface traces of nanotube were found contours, which were oriented in horizontal plane. This feature was caused by rolling method for samples. Detailed comparison of obtained dependences with information of other researches on this topic allows to obtain some conclusions about nature of magnetism in the samples. It emphasizes importance and actuality of this scientific work.
Clubbed Digits Presumably Caused by Lubiprostone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Digital clubbing has been regarded as an important sign in medicine. A 33-year-old woman with no history of hepatic, pulmonary, or malignant disease was referred to our hospital. She had been taking lubiprostone every day for three years for constipation. Clubbing in her upper and lower limb digits began gradually about two years ago. The results of laboratory investigations were almost normal. We suspected the clubbed digits were a side effect of lubiprostone and confirmed that the levels of urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which can cause clubbed digits, were elevated. Thus, we instructed the woman to stop taking lubiprostone and monitored this lab value. However, the value continued to rise over 2 months to 41.9 μg/g Cr. During that time, she had been taking sennoside A B calcium instead of lubiprostone for constipation. Since sennoside A B calcium also has the effect of increasing PGE2, we ordered the discontinuation. Her urinary PGE2 to creatinine level normalized, and the clubbing improved after the discontinuation of these two medications.
Growth of Si on different GaAs surfaces: A comparative study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We studied the chemical bonding at the interface between Si and GaAs by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. Thin Si films were deposited at 450 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C or 500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C on different GaAs substrates: the As-rich GaAs(100) and GaAs(111)B surfaces as well as the Ga-rich GaAs(100) and GaAs(111)A surfaces. In this paper we compare the properties of these four interfaces. On As-rich GaAs the Si bonds solely to As. No Ga-Si bonds are formed. The Si atoms occupy the equivalent of next-layer Ga sites. Neither As nor Ga segregation to the surface of the Si film is observed. On the Ga-rich GaAs(100)-(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) and GaAs(111)A surfaces Ga-Si bonds are formed at the interface. Arsenic segregates to the surface of the Si film, leaving As vacancies behind at the interface. While these results can be understood in terms of simple models, the behavior of the As-rich GaAs(111)B surface is more complicated. We discuss this surface in detail. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.