jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Novel microfluidic system for online monitoring of biofilm dynamics by electrical impedance spectroscopy and amperometry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Biofilm formation is ubiquitous in nature where microorganisms attach to surfaces and form highly adapted and protected communities. In technical and industrial systems like drinking water supply, food production or shipping industry biofilms are a major cause of product contamination, biofouling, and biocorrosion. Therefore, understanding of biofilm formation and means of preventing biofilm formation is important to develop novel biofilm treatment strategies. A system allowing directly online detection and monitoring biofilm formation is necessary. However, until today, there are little to none technical systems featuring a non-destructive real-time characterization of biofilm formation in a highthroughput manner. This paper presents such a microfluidic system based on electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and amperomertic current measurement. The sensor consists of four modules, each housing 24 independent electrodes within 12 microfluidic channels. Attached biomass on the electrodes is monitored as increased inhibition in charge transfer by EIS and a change in metabolic activity is measured as change in produced electric current by amperometry. This modular sensor system is highly adaptable and suitable for a broad range of microbiological applications. Among others, biofilm formation processes can be characterized online, biofilm manipulation like inactivation or destabilization can be monitored in real-time and gene expression can be analyzed in parallel. The use of different electrode designs allows effective biofilm studies during all biofilm phases. The whole system was recently extended by an integrated pneumatic microfluidic pump which enables easy handling procedures. Further developments of this pumping module will allow a fully- automated computer-controlled valving and pumping.
[Effect of norcantharidin's derivative Nd3 on proliferation of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its possible mechanisms].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nd3 inhibits SKOV3 cell proliferation more than norcantharidin does, blocks cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis. The antitumor mechanism of Nd3 is related to the changes of Cdc2, Cyclin B1, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression.
Advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques for the detection and characterization of renal masses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incidentally detected renal masses are on the rise posing increasing demands on imaging for their characterization and management. These masses encompass both benign and malignant entities, many of which can be diagnosed with high confidence by cross-sectional imaging alone. Lesions can be predominantly cystic or solid and a key feature common to all malignant lesions is the presence of enhancing solid components. However, a substantial number of enhancing lesions are benign and when imaging is not conclusive, biopsy may help. Ongoing research shows that renal cell carcinoma, the most common renal malignancy, represents a heterogeneous disease entity, and future trends toward more precise imaging characterization would allow for a more individualized management approach.
Effect of institutional volume on laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To determine whether institutional laparoscopy cholecystectomy (LC) volume affects rates of mortality, conversion to open surgery, bile leakage and bile duct injury (BDI).\nMETHODS: Eligible studies were prospective or retrospective cohort studies that provided data on outcomes from consecutive LC procedures in single institutions. Relevant outcomes were mortality, conversion to open surgery, bile leakage and BDI. We performed a Medline search and extracted data. A regression analysis using generalized estimating equations were used to determine the influence of annual institutional LC caseload on outcomes. A sensitivity analysis was performed including only those studies that were published after 1995.\nRESULTS: Seventy-three cohorts (127404 LC procedures) were included. Average complication rates were 0.06% for mortality, 3.23% for conversion, 0.44% for bile leakage and 0.28% for bile duct injury. Annual institutional caseload did not influence rates of mortality (P = 0.142), bile leakage (P = 0.111) or bile duct injury (P = 0.198) although increasing caseload was associated with reduced incidence of conversion (P = 0.019). Results from the sensitivity analyses were similar.\nCONCLUSION: Institutional volume is a determinant of LC complications. It is unclear whether volume is directly linked to complication rates or whether it is an index for protocolised care.
Arjé, vida y movimiento en la Escuela Milesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is a review of the contributions of the early Milesians presocratic philosophers from their own conceptual framework and beliefs. From this perspective, and trying to identify the interpretations added through the direct and indirect sources of its transmission, we will analyze the relationship between the wet and life in Thales of Miletus, Anaximander's explanation of the origin of life and man, and density as a quantitative and qualitative criterion in Anaximenes.
Multi-Functional Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a new multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS) architecture. Different from conventional RIS that only reflects signals, MF-RIS supports multiple functionalities on one surface, including reflection, transmission, amplification, and energy harvesting. As such, MF-RIS is capable of overcoming the double-fading attenuation and achieving full-space coverage by harvesting energy from the base station (BS). The physical implementation and the signal model of MF-RIS are introduced from the perspective of wireless communications. Then, we formulate a sum rate (SR) maximization problem in an MF-RIS-aided non-orthogonal multiple access network. By jointly optimizing the transmit strategy of the BS and the coefficient of the MF-RIS, we design an iterative algorithm to solve the formulated non-convex problem efficiently. Simulation results show that: i) MF-RIS provides up to 98.8% higher SR gain than self-sustainable RIS. ii) There exists a non-trivial trade-off between throughput improvement and self-sustainability, due to the limited number of RIS elements.
Improving Self-Resilience in Students with Special Needs through the Counseling Teachers’ Roles: A Case Study on Grounded Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Previous studies show that self-resilience was significantly improved in students with special needs by supporting the social environment and the learning system. Additionally, support for the role of counseling teachers in inclusive schools fosters self-resilience. In this regard, this study aimed to understand the role of counseling teachers foster self-resilience among students with special needs in inclusive schools. The grounded theory approach was applied to produce theories related to these issues. The participants included eleven counseling teachers and the special needs students drawn from three schools in West Sumatra and Bengkulu, Indonesia. The data collected were analyzed based on three stages of grounded analysis, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings indicated that self-resilience among students with special needs grows when the counseling teachers use three roles, namely, modifying behavior, giving instructions repeatedly and providing options according to students’ interest.
Fostering Kinship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Part 1 The policy dimension: kinship, obligation, fostering and the state the continuing role of kinship care in a changing society kinship fostering - research, policy and practice in England. Part 2 The social work role: assessing family strengths - a family systems approach child protection - kinship protection? placement choices for children - giving more priority to kinship placements? working with family complexity - supporting the network evolving networks in relative care - alliance and exclusion training needs of friends and families who are foster carers. Part 3 Race, gender and welfare: kinship foster care in New York State - an African-American perspective fostering in a minority community - travellers in Ireland kinship care in New Zealand - cultural sensitivity or economic expediency? conclusion - lessons for social work practice.
Design Parametric Analysis of Radial Beam Coupling using Finite Element Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel radial beam coupling model was proposed and the design parameters were studied for the efficient transmission of torque. To develop a high performance radial beam coupling, an analytical way to predict the performance in design phase is required. One of the best ways to estimate the performance of the coupling without manufacturing is to evaluate the stress and torsional stiffness by building a finite element model with a special attention to the radial beam cutting part. For the best results of FEA, the material properties were obtained through testing. To verify the reliability of finite element model, the results of FEA were compared with the experiments. The main design parameters of radial beam cutting width, radial beam cutting depth, and radial beam cutting direction were considered for the performance of radial beam coupling.
Bernstein estimator for unbounded density copula

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the asymptotic properties of the Bernstein estimator for unbounded density copula functions. We show that the estimator converges to infinity at the corner. We establish its relative convergence when the copula is unbounded and we provide the uniform strong consistency of the estimator on every compact in the interior region. We also check the finite simple performance of the estimator via an extensive simulation study and we compare it with other well known nonparametric methods. Finally, we consider an empirical application where the asymmetric dependence between international equity markets (US, Canada, UK, and France) is re-examined.
The Maternal Frame and the Rise of the Counterpublic Among Naga Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nagaland has witnessed violent conflict for over five decades. It is a heavily militarized space where draconian laws like the Armed Forces Special Powers Act allow army personnel to go unchallenged even after committing violent crimes. Few women have used their tradition-specific gendered role strategically to subvert gender norms and exhibit agency against violence within the conflict situation and the systemic violence that bars them from entering the public-political sphere. This article studies how women from the Naga tribal communities use their tradition-specific gender roles of motherhood to gain agency and resist the formation of a hostile, gendered social space.
USE OF TRAJECTORY MODELING TO ANALYZE VARIATIONS ON THE RESPONSE STRATEGIES FOR INLAND SPILLS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents a methodology for evaluating various mechanical containment and recovery-based response strategies for inland spills through the use of a trajectory, fate, and effects model (SIMAP). A case study demonstrates different spill impacts that may have resulted from several variations of response strategies, focusing on placement of and type of booms and oil removal equipment. The actual spill response to the April 2000 PEPCO pipeline spill of 138,600 gallons of a combination of No. 2 and No. 6 fuels into Swanson Creek at Chalk Point, MD, was modeled with SIMAP to recreate the oil movement and behavior. Several variations on the spill response, including alternative placement and timing of booms, were modeled to estimate different outcomes that may have occurred with the different responses. This particular case offers valuable lessons learned in that it demonstrates the importance of strategic boom placement and timing. The methodology is applicable to a broad spectrum of response planning and training situations, and for post-spill assessment for a more detailed evaluation of response strategy.
Combating fluctuations in relaxation times of fixed-frequency transmon qubits with microwave-dressed states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

With the long coherence time, the fixed-frequency transmon qubit is a promising qubit modality for quantum computing. Currently, diverse qubit architectures that utilize fixed-frequency transmon qubits have been demonstrated with high-fidelity gate performance. Nevertheless, the relaxation times of transmon qubits can have large temporal fluctuations, causing instabilities in gate performance. The fluctuations are often believed to be caused by nearly on-resonance couplings with sparse two-level-system (TLS) defects. To mitigate their impact on qubit coherence and gate performance, one direct approach is to tune the qubits away from these TLSs. In this work, to combat the potential TLS-induced performance fluctuations in a tunable-bus architecture unitizing fixed-frequency transmon qubits, we explore the possibility of using an off-resonance microwave drive to effectively tuning the qubit frequency through the ac-Stark shift while implementing universal gate operations on the microwave-dressed qubit. We show that the qubit frequency can be tuned up to 20 MHz through the ac-stark shift while keeping minimal impacts on the qubit control. Besides passive approaches that aim to remove these TLSs through more careful treatments of device fabrications, this work may offer an active approach towards mitigating the TLS-induced performance fluctuations in fixed-frequency transmon qubit devices.
Effects of Butylphthalide(NBP) on the fatigue endurance and hypoxia tolerance of mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effects of Butylphthalide(NBP) on the fatigue endurance and hypoxia tolerance in normal mice.Methods:The fatigue endurance was determined by the fatigue tests.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum were detected after the tests immediately.The ability of hypoxia tolerance was determined by the hypoxia test.The activities of SOD,lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH),the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were analyzed after the tests.Results:NBP significantly prolonged the grasping time,the swimming time and the hypoxia tolerance time of the normal mice,and increased the activities of SOD and LDH in brain tissue of the hypoxia mice.Conclusion:NBP can improve the fatigue endurance and the hypoxia tolerance in normal mice.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ENTEROCOCCUS SP. ISOLATED FROM A NIGERIAN HOSPITAL

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Enterococci are bacteria that are increasingly noted for their occurrence in infections in various sites in the body. There is currently a treatment challenge for enterococci infections due to antibiotic resistant problem observed in the bacteria thereby warranting surveillance study in different locales of the world. The purpose of this study therefore is to study prevalence of enterococci in infections in a Nigerian hospital over a 2 months period and determine its resistance pattern. Eighty-six samples comprising of 12 Endocervical Swab (ECS), 18 High Vaginal Swab (HVS), 43 Urine Samples, 2 Wound Swabs, 7 Sputum and 4 Ear Swabs were obtained from samples of patients who were referred to Medical Microbiology Unit of Igbinedion University Hospital between April and May, 2010. The isolates were identified by biochemical methods, antibiotic susceptibility of isolates to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol were determined by disk diffusion test according to NCCLS and MIC tests for ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol were carried out for selected resistant strains by macro-dilution method. Six Enterococcus sp. were identified only from urine, endocervical and vaginal samples with the highest occurrence observed in urine samples (9.3%). The isolated strains were highly resistant to doxycycline (66.7 %) but susceptible to nitrofurantoin. The MIC result reveals that selected strains were also resistant to ciprofloxacin and chloraphenicol. The result from this study indicates that there is low occurrence of enterococci as causative agent of infections in the studied environment. This is in contrast to reports from other part of the world. It also indicates that the best antibiotic for treatment of enterococci infection is nitrofurantoin while doxycycline is not effective for treatment of enterococci infections in the studied environment.
A Bourdieuan analysis of ethno-racial equality and education in Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study looks at the ethnic categorization of darker skinned people and problems related to their participation in higher education through the theories of the French anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu. In the national censuses of Brazil the populace is categorized according to skin color. According to these publications, darker skin-colored Brazilians are underrepresented in higher education. Affirmative action politics has found it’s place within public discourse in Brazil beginning from the 1990’s, and as a consequence some institutes of higher eduction have adapted racial quotas for darker-skinned individuals. At the same time, affirmative action policies have been criticized on the basis that it suggests that inequality is by nature ethnic when such inequalities could just as well be socioeconomic. Historically Brazil has been considered a society free of racism, or in other words 'a racial democracy'.\n\nEthnic categorization is analyzed using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts habitus and symbolic power. The idea of habitus is used to refer to any attitudes and manners internalized by an individual, with which that individual evaluates, interprets and choses to act in the reality that they perceive. With symbolic power this work refers to to all the different forms of capital mentioned in Bourdieu’s work that relate to recognition and appreciation. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the socially constructed, various colloquial and everyday phenomena related to classification by skin color. I look at how habitus and symbolic capital related differentiation happens and what significance it might have for the discourse between ethnic categorization and education.\n\nIn order to answer the research question i collected material from fieldwork in North-Eastern Brazil for 2 months. In collecting the material I used ethnographic field work methodology, especially participant observation, semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Among the interviewed are a public school principal, a teacher, two dark-skinned university students and one private school university student. In addition, I utilized material on situations encountered by dark-skinned people in Brazil that have been published in previous studies.\n\nThe interviewed had experienced situations in which symbolic evaluations related to their ethnic background and skin color can be considered significant. Additionally, many example of this arise from previous literature. In the situations that I observed social evaluations explained the habituslike actions of the people I observed. These examples can be assumed to have significance for construction of hierarchical society in Brazil in accordance with Bourdieaun theory.
Ordering and Orientation of Epitaxial CuInS2 Films Grown on GaP(001) by Three-Source Evaporation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The analyses on the ordering and orientation of epitaxial CuInS2 thin films on GaP(001) grown by three-source evaporation method at 500 °C are reported here in comparison to the films on Si(001). From the X-ray diffraction and the reflection high energy electron diffraction structural investigations, the improved quality of epitaxial film on GaP is demonstrated. For the In-rich and the stoichiometric CuInS2 films, the coexistence of the spinel CuIn5S8 ordered structure and the Cu–Au ordering of CuInS2 with a- and c-axes orientations normal to the GaP(001) substrate are exhibited. It is shown that the slightly Cu-rich film reveals both a- and c-axes orientations of chalcopyrite and Cu–Au orderings. However, the fairly Cu-rich film show dominant twin-free monocrystalline c-axis orientated Cu–Au ordered structures. The existence of sphalerite ordering is probable in all films. Comparing with the films on Si(001), the absence of the growth with random orientation and unknown phases is noticeable. The decrease of twin structures is also observed.
Regime Map of Binary Particle Mixture in a Spout-Fluid Bed.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

噴流層の不利な点を改善するため, 流動層との組み合せにより層内の粒子群のdead spaceを少なくし, 混合を増進させ, 特に凝集性のある粒子をも処理する方法として, Spout-Fluid Bedがある.この装置は, 中央ノズルの噴流化用ガスと傾斜側面壁からの流動化用ガスの流量割合によって, 層内粒子の挙動を制御できる特徴がある.単一粒子径成分についての流動特性 や石炭のガス化, 粉体材料のプロセシングなどへの応用は報告されているが, 二成分系や多成分系粒子群についてはほとんど見あたらない.本報告では, 特定の粒子系および装置形状のコールドモデルであるが, 大小二成分粒子群からなる Spout-Fluid Bed内の粒子群の挙動や粒度偏析状態を視覚や流動曲線などによって巨視的に調べ, その流動マップを作成した.さらに大粒子単一成分系に対する噴流化の可能な操作領域との相異点を検討した.
Assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biosynthesis of the high affinity calcium binding protein in rat skeletal muscle cell cultures.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Temporal patterns of biosynthesis of the high affinity calcium binding protein from the sarcoplasmic reticulum were determined and compared with rates of ATPase ane cells. Cells at various stages of differentiation were incubated for 2 h with [35S]methionine. Specific proteins were isolated from detergent extracts of cells by incubation with antibodies specific against the various proteins and immunoprecipitates were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Radioactivity incorporated into specific bands was analyzed by counting gel slices and incorporation data were used to obtain relative rates of individual protein sys found to be indistinguishable from that of calsequestrin when cells were grown in standard medium, in medium containing 60 microM Ca2+ which prevented fusion of cells, or in enriched medium which delayed cell fusion. The high affinity calcium binding protein had a relatively high turnover rate with a half-life of about 10 h. These studies suggest that synthesis of calsequestrin and the high affinity calcium binding protein are coordinated even though calsequestrin is a glycoprotein, whereas the high affinity calcium binding protein is not glycosylated.
The effect of brushing motion on the cyclic fatigue of rotary nickel titanium instruments.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The goal of the study is to evaluate if the use of rotary nickel-titanium (RNT) instruments, as Hedstroem files, is safe. Twelve twisted files (TF) RNT instruments size 06-25 were selected and randomly divided in 2 groups of 6 instruments each. Group A (new instruments) were used as control. Group B (test) instruments were clinically used only as Hedstroem files in a canal that had been previously instrumented to the working length with other 06-25 RNT instruments. Group B instruments were used only in the straight portion of the canal (1 minute at 1000 rpm). A cyclic fatigue test was performed for each instrument of groups. Data were statistically analyzed (Student's t-test). Results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between groups A and B. Data confirmed that the use of TF instruments as Hedstroem files is a safe procedure. Cross section images and volumes of the same instrument, before and after cyclic fatigue testing, have been obtained by means of microtomographic analysis to evaluate possible microstructure alterations.