jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Policy and Role of Health Personnel KIA in Exclusive Breastfeeding in Medan Baru

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Infant nutritional needs desperately need serious attention. Nutrition for the most perfect baby is mother's milk (ASI). Data from the Health Profile of Medan Year 2008-2010, indicate that the scope of exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Medan in 2007 only 3%. In 2008 rose to 3.04%, while the year 2009 decreased to just 1.33%. Types of research using analytic survey with multiple linear regression statistical test, the population in this study is a mother who has a baby under the age of two years. Data collected by using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Research to be conducted in Puskesmas Padang Bulan is implemented. Based on the results of the stud ied was significant effect between policy implementation and the role of health professionals in exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.038), on exclusive breastfeeding with p <0.05. From the research it was found that the influence of policy implementation and the role of health personnel on exclusive breastfeeding and suggested the need to enhance cooperation and commitment advance of governments, health departments, hospitals, clinics and health centers in improving the implementation of the policy of exclusive breastfeeding with the approach strategy KIE (Communication , information and Education). Keywords: Implementation, Role of Health Personnel, E xclusive B reastfeeding
The Alternating Current Bridge as a Harmonic Analyser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A simple impedance bridge, and auxiliary apparatus, is described for the measurement of total harmonic content of an alternating electric current. Total harmonic content is defined as the ratio of the square root of the sum of the squares of the harmonic amplitudes to the amplitude of the fundamental. This quantity is determined, using this method, by a simple comparison of two resistances. The bridge may also be used conveniently for the determination of the amplitude of large individual harmonics of low order. Details are given showing the extent of its usefulness in this field and the way in which it should be manipulated.
Planar, bimanual, whole-arm grasping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of synthesizing planar, bimanual, whole-arm grasps by developing the abstraction of an open chain gripper, an open, planar chain of rigid links and revolute joints contacting a planar, polygonal object, and introducing the concept of a generalized contact. Since two generalized contacts suffice for planar grasps, we leverage previous work on caging and immobilization for two contact grasps to construct an algorithm which synthesizes contact configurations for stable grasping. Simulations show that our methodology can be applied to grasp a wide range of planar objects without relying on special-purpose end-effectors. Representative experiments with the PR2 humanoid robot illustrate that this approach is practical.
Hobbs, Prof. Kenneth Edward Frederick, (28 Dec. 1936–3 July 2022), Professor of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, and Consultant Surgeon, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust (formerly Royal Free Hospital), 1973–98, then Emeritus Professor; Chairman, Joint Board of Surgery, University College London Medical School and Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, 1993–98; Dean, University of London Faculty of Medicine, 1994–98

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

"Hobbs, Prof. Kenneth Edward Frederick, (born 28 Dec. 1936), Professor of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, and Consultant Surgeon, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust (formerly Royal Free Hospital), 1973–98, then Emeritus Professor; Chairman, Joint Board of Surgery, University College London Medical School and Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, 1993–98; Dean, University of London Faculty of Medicine, 1994–98" published on by Oxford University Press.
Alternative Epigenetic States Understood in Terms of Specific Regulatory Structures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A bstract : Generally speaking, epigenetic states or epigenetic regulation refer to situations in which several states of gene expression may coexist in similar environmental conditions, despite the absence of significant changes in the genomic sequence. In one way or another, the mechanisms behind these phenomena involve vicious circles, so that each epigenetic state tends to sustain itself, even after the disappearance of the inductive signal involved in the selection of that particular state. These vicious circles constitute positive feedback circuits and are found at the core of many developmental regulatory systems. In this paper, we present a qualitative model for the regulatory network formed by maternal and gap gene cross‐regulations. This network controls the initial anterior‐posterior patterning during early Drosophila embryogenesis and encompasses several intertwined feedback circuits. On the basis of our model analysis, we derive interesting insights about how specific expression states of the gap genes are selected along the anterior‐posterior axis, in particular in relation with the activity of one positive feedback circuit, namely that formed by giant and Krüppel cross‐inhibitions. In addition, we are able to qualitatively simulate the patterns of gene expression in the wild‐type, as well as to predict the phenotypes of various loss‐of‐function mutations at the maternal and gap genes, or cis ‐regulatory mutations at the gap genes, as well as the effects of ectopic expression of these genes.
Word Sense Disambiguation for Acquisition of Selectional

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The selectional preferences of verbal predicates are an important component of lexical information useful for a number of NLP tasks including disambiguation of word senses. Approaches to selectional preference acquisition without word sense disambiguation are reported to be prone to errors arising from erroneous word senses. Large scale automatic semantic tagging of texts in sufficient quantity for preference acquisition has received little attention as most research in word sense disambiguation has concentrated on quality word sense disambiguation of a handful of target words. The work described here concentrates on adapting semantic tagging methods that do not require a massive overhead of manual semantic tagging and that strike a reasonable compromise between accuracy and cost so that large amounts of text can be tagged relatively quickly. The results of some of these adaptations are described here along with a comparison of the selectional preferences acquired with and without one of these methods. Results of a bootstrapping approach are also outlined in which the preferences obtained are used for coarse grained sense disambiguation and then the partially disambiguated data is fed back into the preference acquisition system.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Suppression of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Simultaneously Blocking Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)–A and VEGF-C with a Receptor-Immunoglobulin Fusion Protein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Suppression of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Simultaneously Blocking Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)–A and VEGF-C with a Receptor-Immunoglobulin Fusion Protein
Evaluation of satellites and remote sensors for atmospheric pollution measurements

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An approach to the development of a prioritized list of scientific goals in atmospheric research is provided. The results of the analysis are used to estimate the contribution of various spacecraft/remote sensor combinations for each of several important constituents of the stratosphere. The evaluation of the combinations includes both single-instrument and multiple-instrument payloads. Attention was turned to the physical and chemical features of the atmosphere as well as the performance capability of a number of atmospheric remote sensors. In addition, various orbit considerations were reviewed along with detailed information on stratospheric aerosols and the impact of spacecraft environment on the operation of the sensors.
Speed-Up of Turing Machines with One Work Tape and a Two-Way Input Tape

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we consider the next more powerful restricted type of Turing machine, which cannot be handled by the existing lower bound arguments: Turing machines with one work tape and a two-way input tape. We show that one can simulate a deterministic Turing machine of this type with time bound $O(n^3 )$ by $\Sigma _2 $-Turing machine of the same type with time bound $O(n^2 \cdot \log ^2 n)$. This implies the new separation result $\Sigma _2 {\operatorname{TIME}}_1 (n) \nsubseteq {\operatorname{DTIME}}_1 ({{n^{{3 / 2}} } / {\log ^6 n}})$. Further, we improve Kannan’s separation result ${\operatorname{NTIME}}(n) \nsubseteq {\operatorname{DTIME}}_1 (n^{1.104} )$ to ${\operatorname{NTIME}}(n) \nsubseteq {\operatorname{DTIME}}_1 (n^{1.22} )$. Finally we show that with Turing machines of the considered type that use $2k$ alternations, the achieved speed-up increases and for large k approximates $t^{{1 / 2}} (n)$. In view of the close relationship between spacebounded Turing machines and time-bounded Turing machines with unboundedly many alternations, this refinement provides a link between our speed-up result and the well-known space-compression result for offline 1-tape Turing machines.
S100 Neural respiratory drive among patients with COPD with mild or moderate airflow limitation: consistency, reliability, and association with other biomarkers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objectives

Neural respiratory drive (NRD) is central control of breathing maintained through the respiratory muscles, particularly diaphragm and intercostals. It is closely correlated to the subjective measurement of breathlessness in asthmatic and COPD patients (stable state and during exacerbation). NRD has been measured by surface electromyography (EMG) of the second intercostal space parasternal muscles (EMGpara) predominantly among those COPD patients with severe or very severe airflow limitation. It has not previously been assessed in ambulatory patients with mild or moderate breathlessness in primary care. Its potential as a primary care research tool has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the stability of NRD across a group of COPD patients with mild or moderate airflow limitation (FEV1'(forced expiratory volume in one second) ≥50% predicted) in primary care who were receiving treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Relationships between NRD and changes in quality of life, lung function and breathlessness were assessed.

Methods

Patients with stable mild or moderate COPD were recruited from general practices. Parasternal NRD (EMG root mean squared (rms) max; NRDI), spirometry, measures of breathlessness and QoL (CRQ-SAS, mBorg, CAT, mMRC) were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6-months. Patients were randomised to withdrawal or continuation of ICS therapy. Intraclass correlation coefficients calculated for each variable and Bland-Altman plots generated.

Results

40 patients with mild or moderate COPD were recruited. There was high intra-rater and inter-rater agreement in each of the NRD measures, including EMG rms max & NRDI (ICC > 0.9). There were correlations between EMG rms max and FEV1% predicted (Pearson's of r= -0.42; p=0.01) and between NRDI and FEV1% predicted (Pearson's of r= -0.35; p=0.04). No consistent correlations were seen between EMG rms max or NRDI and any of CAT, CRQ domains, mBorg, or mMRC scores.

Conclusions

NRD is an additional measure of breathlessness which has a relationship with FEV1% predicted. It is a reliable measure, distinct from other measures of breathlessness. NRD measurements are reproducible by trained primary care clinical staff. It may be a useful objective measure of breathlessness with a role, at present undefined, in interventional studies.
Isolation and Identification of a New Bacillus cereus Strain and Characterization of its Neopullulanase

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Article Info Identification and use of more efficient enzymes in the food and pharmaceutical industries is the focus of many researchers. The aim of this study was to search for a new bacterial strain capable of producing high levels of pullulanase applicable to biotechnology, the starch bioprocessing and food industries. A new pullulan hydrolyzing Bacillus strain was isolated and designated SDK2. Morphological and biochemical tests identified the strain as a putative Bacillus cereus strain, which was further characterized and confirmed through 16s rRNA sequencing, and was submitted to GeneBank, under the accession number FR6864500. Quantitative analysis of the strain’s pullulanase activity was carried out by the Dintrosalicyclic (DNS) acid-based assay. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the culture supernatant, identified the extracellular pullulanase as neopullulanase. Effects of temperature and pH on pullulanase activity were also studied. The optimum conditions for enzyme activity, as represented by 60 ° C and a pH of 7, resulted in an activity of 13.43 U/ml, which is much higher than some of the previously reported activities. However, growth of B. cereus SDK2 was also observed at a pH range of 5 to 10, and temperatures of 30 ° C to 50 ° C. The effect of metal ions and reagents, such as Mg +2 , Ca +2 , Zn +2 , Cu +2 , Fe +2 , Ni +2 on enzyme activity showed that Ca +2 ions increased pullulan activity, whereas the other ions and reagents inhibited pullulanase activity. The ability of B. cereus SDK2 to produce high levels of neopullulanase stable at 60
Studies on the Complexation of di-Amide Based Macrocycles with PyridineN-oxides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new cationic host molecule was synthesized by reaction of the di-amide based macrocycle with methyl iodide and the structure was confirmed by NMR, ESI-MS spectra.The complexation behavior of the di-amide based macrocycles with pyridine N-oxide guests was investigated by means of ESI-MS and 1 H NMR. The results showed that the cationic host can not only bind the pyridine N-oxide hosts to form 1∶ 1 pseudorotaxane-like complexes but also have much stronger binding ability than the corresponding neutral hosts.
Unlocking new physics with joint power spectrum and voxel intensity distribution forecasts in line-intensity mapping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The power spectrum and voxel intensity distribution (VID) are two summary statistics that can be applied to condense the information encoded in line-intensity maps. The information contained in both summary statistics is highly complementary, and their combination allows for a major increase in precision of parameter estimation from line-intensity mapping (LIM) surveys. Until recently, combination of these statistics required simulation-based estimations of their covariance. In this work we leverage an analytical model of covariance between these observables to run a joint Fisher forecast focusing on the CO(1-0) rotational line targeted by the COMAP survey and a wider, shallower hypothetical iteration. We consider a generalized phenomenological non-CDM model, models with axion dark matter, and local primordial non-Gaussianity, to highlight where a combined analysis of the power spectrum and VID can be most useful. Our results demonstrate improvements in sensitivity to beyond-Λ⁢CDM physics over analyses using either the power spectrum or VID on their own, by factors ranging from 2 to 50, showcasing the potential of joint analyses in unlocking new insights into fundamental physics with LIM surveys.
The Two Jakes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It's arguable that between them the two representative figures of Jacques Lacan and Jacques Derrida divide the main possibilities for contemporary thought in the West — with Freud, Kristeva and Zizek on one side, and Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, Lyotard, Rorty on the other. Yet what interests me is the point of juncture or interface between them. Whenever I read Lacan I think of Derrida, and when I read Derrida I think of Lacan. I don't have a sustained argument leading to a finished conclusion — only a series of 'takes' on places and topics where they touch on each other.KeywordsSymbolic OrderEthical ImperativeOedipus ComplexContemporary ThoughtCognitive ApparatusThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Study on Screening,Cultivation and Identification of Naringinase-producing Strain of Aspergillus nigeer A166

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A model for screening efficient naringinase-producing strains was designed and tested. Several strains were separated from the peel of rotten orange fruit. A strain, designed as A166, showed great enzyme-yielding capacity, with a naringinase activity of 955.6 U/mL when fermented in liquid medium, and was identified as a strain of Aspergillus niger. And the effect of naringinase on debittering of citrus juice was tested.
Characterization of a new composite PMMA-HA/Brushite bone cement for spinal augmentation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Calcium phosphate fillers have been shown to increase cement osteoconductivity, but have caused drawbacks in cement properties. Hydroxyapatite and Brushite were introduced in an acrylic two-solution cement at varying concentrations. Novel composite bone cements were developed and characterized using rheology, injectability, and mechanical tests. It was hypothesized that the ample swelling time allowed by the premixed two-solution cement would enable thorough dispersion of the additives in the solutions, resulting in no detrimental effects after polymerization. The addition of Hydroxyapatite and Brushite both caused an increase in cement viscosity; however, these cements exhibited high shear-thinning, which facilitated injection. In gel point studies, the composite cements showed no detectable change in gel point time compared to an all-acrylic control cement. Hydroxyapatite and Brushite composite cements were observed to have high mechanical strengths even at high loads of calcium phosphate fillers. These cements showed an average compressive strength of 85 MPa and flexural strength of 65 MPa. A calcium phosphate-containing cement exhibiting a combination of high viscosity, pseudoplasticity and high mechanical strength can provide the essential bioactivity factor for osseointegration without sacrificing load-bearing capability.
Growth‐dependent phenotype in FasL‐deficient mandibular/alveolar bone

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract FASL ( CD 178) is known for its role in triggering apoptosis, mostly in relation with immune cells but additional functions have been reported more recently, including those in bone development. Examination of postnatal FasL ‐deficient mice ( gld ) showed an increased bone deposition in adult mice when compared with wild types. However, a different phenotype was observed prenatally, when the gld bone was underdeveloped. The aim of the following investigation was to evaluate this indication for an growth‐dependent bone phenotype of gld mice and to search for the ‘switch point’. This study focused on the mandibular/alveolar bone as an important structure for tooth anchorage. In vivo micro‐ computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed at different stages during the first month (6, 12 and 24 days) of postnatal bone development. In 6‐day‐old gld mice, a decrease in bone volume/tissue volume ( BV / TV ), trabecular thickness and trabecular number was revealed. In contrast, the 12‐day‐old gld mice showed an increased BV / TV and trabecular thickness in the alveolar bone. The same observation applied for bone status in 24‐day‐old gld mice. Therefore, changes in the bone phenotype occurred between day 6 and 12 of the postnatal development. The switch point is likely related to the changing proportion of bone cells at these stages of development, when the number of osteocytes increases. Indeed, the immunohistochemical analysis of FASL localized this protein in osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes were mostly negative at examined stages. The impact of FASL particularly on osteoblasts would agree with an earlier in vivo observed effect of FASL deficiency on expression of Mmp2 , typical for osteoblasts, in the gld mandibular/alveolar bone. Notably, an age‐dependent bone phenotype was reported in Mmp2 ‐deficient mice.
Fast Relevance Discovery in Time Series

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose to model time series from a new angle: state transition points. When fluctuation of values in a time series crosses a certain point, it may trigger state transition in the system, which may lead to abrupt changes in many other time series. The concept of state transition points is essential in understanding the behavior of the time series and the behavior of the system. The new measure is robust and is capable of discovering correlations that Pearson's coefficient cannot reveal. We propose efficient algorithms to identify state transition points and to compute correlation between two time series. We also introduce some triangular inequalities to efficiently find highly correlated time series among many time series.
The Effect of Polyanion-Doping on the Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Li-Rich Layered Oxides as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Li-rich layered oxides as cathode materials have attracted considerable attention worldwide owing to their high capacity and low cost. However, one of the inherent drawbacks of Li-rich layered oxides is the gradual capacity fading and potential decline during long cycling, caused by the slow structure transition from layered structure to spinel. Therefore, slowing down the intrinsic structure transition is an effective strategy to stabilize the discharge energy density of Li-rich layered oxides. In this work, SiO44− and SO42− polyanions with large radii are introduced into Li-rich layered oxides. The polyanion-doping can slightly change the local environment in the layered structure and enhance the binding energy of cations to anions. In addition, some crystal defects are induced inside the lattice by doping with large polyanions. The further extension of the structure transition from the surface region to the bulk phase can be blocked by the defect structure to a certain extent. Consequently, polyanion-doped oxides present much better cycle performance, including stable discharge capacity, much less potential decline, as well as more stable thermal stability. These results imply that the polyanion doping is an effective method to stabilize energy density of Li-rich layered oxide for advanced lithium ion batteries.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor receptors in lung cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We assume that VEGF and FGFR act in a synergistic manner in NSCLC and that their expression is not related to lymph node metastases. Angiogenesis is a very complex phenomenon and heterogeneous within tumors. Also, it is affected by microenviromental factors.