jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Blackberry pomace microspheres: An approach on anthocyanin degradation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Blackberry pomace is a rich source of antioxidant compounds, including anthocyanins, but these compounds degrade easily in the presence of high temperatures. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature on anthocyanin degradation in spray-dried blackberry pomace extract. Maltodextrin was used as a drying aid agent in a spray drying process to produce microspheres. The experiment was set up at Maringá-PR, Brazil (23º 25’ 31” S, 51º 56’ 19” W, 596 m altitude). The thermal stability of anthocyanins was evaluated in the presence and absence of copigments at different temperatures ranging from 70 °C to 100 °C using degradation kinetics. The role of maltodextrin in protecting anthocyanins during the spray drying process was studied at high temperatures. The highest anthocyanin stability was found at 70 °C. We also studied the effect of copigment phytic acid on the stability of anthocyanin and found that the copigment plays an important role in anthocyanin protection at high temperatures. The spray drying process with maltodextrin is a feasible technique for the preservation of food products and can improve anthocyanin’s thermal stability. The reuse of industrial wastes, such as blackberry pomace along with preservation techniques, can be a good strategy to reduce their negative impact on the environment.
Data-Driven and Hybrid Methods for Naval Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this PhD thesis is to study, design and develop data analysis methods for naval applications. Data analysis is improving our ways to understand complex phenomena by profitably taking advantage of the information laying behind a collection of data. In fact, by adopting algorithms coming from the world of statistics and machine learning it is possible to extract valuable information, without requiring specific domain knowledge of the system generating the data. The application of such methods to marine contexts opens new research scenarios, since typical naval problems can now be solved with higher accuracy rates with respect to more classical techniques, based on the physical equations governing the naval system. During this study, some major naval problems have been addressed adopting state-of-the-art and novel data analysis techniques: condition-based maintenance, consisting in assets monitoring, maintenance planning, and real-time anomaly detection; energy and consumption monitoring, in order to reduce vessel consumption and gas emissions; system safety for maneuvering control and collision avoidance; components design, in order to detect possible defects at design stage. A review of the state-of-the-art of data analysis and machine learning techniques together with the preliminary results of the application of such methods to the aforementioned problems show a growing interest in these research topics and that effective data-driven solutions can be applied to the naval context. Moreover, for some applications, data-driven models have been used in conjunction with domain-dependent methods, modelling physical phenomena, in order to exploit both mechanistic knowledge of the system and available measurements. These hybrid methods are proved to provide more accurate and interpretable results with respect to both the pure physical or data-driven approaches taken singularly, thus showing that in the naval context it is possible to offer new valuable methodologies by either providing novel statistical methods or improving the state-of-the-art ones.
Phylogenetic evidence clarifies the history of the extrusion of Indochina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The southeastward extrusion of Indochina along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone (ARSZ) is one of two of the most prominent consequences of the India–Asia collision. This plate-scale extrusion has greatly changed Southeast Asian topography and drainage patterns and effected regional climate and biotic evolution. However, little is known about how Indochina was extruded toward the southeast over time. Here, we sampled 42 plant and animal clades (together encompassing 1,721 species) that are distributed across the ARSZ and are not expected to disperse across long distances. We first assess the possible role of climate on driving the phylogenetic separations observed across the ARSZ. We then investigate the temporal dynamics of the extrusion of Indochina through a multitaxon analysis. We show that the lineage divergences across the ARSZ were most likely associated with the Indochinese extrusion rather than climatic events. The lineage divergences began at ~53 Ma and increased sharply ~35 Ma, with two peaks at ~19 Ma and ~7 Ma, and one valley at ~13 Ma. Our results suggest a two-phase model for the extrusion of Indochina, and in each phase, the extrusion was subject to periods of acceleration and decrease, in agreement with the changes of the India–Asia convergence rate and angle from the early Eocene to the late Miocene. This study highlights that a multitaxon analysis can illuminate the timing of subtle historical events that may be difficult for geological data to pinpoint and can be used to explore other tectonic events.
The Emerging Role of Traceability and Information in Demand-Oriented Livestock Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Consumer concerns about food safety in general and meat safety in particular have led to an increased demand for information and transparency in food chains, and acted as the major driver for the development of traceability systems. This paper focuses on the current and future role of traceability in demand-oriented meat and livestock production. Consumer demand for information is taken as the starting point. Information about and practice relating to traceability are reported and illustrated from historical and current experience in Belgium. It was found that organizational and operational aspects of traceability were clearly dealt with. However, questions remain with respect to the management of information flows and the proactive, rather than defensive use of traceability realizations. Key points for future success in livestock production chains pertain to market orientation, substantiation of claimed benefit and effective management of information flows.
Machine learning to predict transplant outcomes: helpful or hype? A national cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An increasing number of studies claim machine learning (ML) predicts transplant outcomes more accurately. However, these claims were possibly confounded by other factors, namely, supplying new variables to ML models. To better understand the prospects of ML in transplantation, we compared ML to conventional regression in a "common" analytic task: predicting kidney transplant outcomes using national registry data. We studied 133 431 adult deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients between 2005 and 2017. Transplant centers were randomly divided into 70% training set (190 centers/97 787 recipients) and 30% validation set (82 centers/35 644 recipients). Using the training set, we performed regression and ML procedures [gradient boosting (GB) and random forests (RF)] to predict delayed graft function, one-year acute rejection, death-censored graft failure C, all-cause graft failure, and death. Their performances were compared on the validation set using -statistics. In predicting rejection, regression (C = 0.601 0.6110.621 ) actually outperformed GB (C = 0.581 0.5910.601 ) and RF (C = 0.569 0.5790.589 ). For all other outcomes, the C-statistics were nearly identical across methods (delayed graft function, 0.717-0.723; death-censored graft failure, 0.637-0.642; all-cause graft failure, 0.633-0.635; and death, 0.705-0.708). Given its shortcomings in model interpretability and hypothesis testing, ML is advantageous only when it clearly outperforms conventional regression; in the case of transplant outcomes prediction, ML seems more hype than helpful.
Homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of 1388 children with neurological disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Aim To determine the prevalence of dopaminergic abnormalities in 1388 children with neurological disorders, and to analyse their clinical, neuroradiological, and electrophysiological characteristics. Method We studied biogenic amines in 1388 cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) samples from children with neurological disorders (mean age 3y 10mo, SD 4y 5mo; 712 males, 676 females. Correlations among CSF homovanillic acid ( HVA ) values and other biochemical, clinical, neuroradiological, and electrophysiological parameters were analysed. Results Twenty‐one patients with primary dopaminergic deficiencies were identified. Of the whole sample, 20% showed altered HVA . We report neurological diseases with abnormal CSF HVA values such as pontocerebellar hypoplasia, perinatal asphyxia, central nervous system infections, mitochondrial disorders, and other genetic diseases. Overlapping HVA levels between primary and secondary dopamine deficiencies were observed. Prevalence of low CSF HVA levels was significantly higher in neonatal patients (χ 2 =84.8, p <0.001). Abnormalities in white matter were associated with low CSF HVA (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5–3.5). Interpretation HVA abnormalities are observed in various neurological diseases, but some are probably an unspecific finding. No clear limits for CSF HVA values pointing towards primary diseases can be stated. We report several neurological diseases showing HVA alterations. No neuroimaging traits were associated with low HVA values, except for white matter abnormalities.
Cellular Proliferation Can Be an Unreliable Index of Immune Competence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sir: The recent paper by Asantila et al. (1) in your Journal is one of a number of reports (2–6) that cells from early fetuses will proliferate when exposed to adult allogeneic or xenogeneic cells. From such data, an important inference is drawn, namely, that immunocompetent lymphoid cells are present in the fetus at an early stage of development, and that the proliferation observed results from antigenic stimulation of these cells. Such conclusions are unwarranted. The proliferation of cells, after transfer to an immunologically incompetent host, cannot be taken as evidence of immune reactivity. Virtually any embryonic or fetal tissues, whether syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic, in relation to the recipient, will grow and undergo cellular proliferation in an immunologically incompetent recipient. This principle underlies all studies of development that involve the growth of transplanted tissues and cells in the chicken embryo (7). Before involvement of immune reactivity can be attributed to such cellular proliferation, it is essential to show a difference in behavior of the test cell population in syngeneic and allogeneic or xenogeneic hosts. Such experiments are often impractical in the case of human tissues.
<title>X-ray BodySearch eliminates strip search in Montana prison</title>

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Work release details at prisons have been a continuing source of inspection problems for prison wardens. At the Montana State Prison in deer Lodge 400 prisoners leave the prison in the morning to work outside the walls. They return at lunch and again in the evening. Past practice has been to do a 100% pat search and selective strip searches. These procedures are an irritant to both prisoners and prison personnel involved. However, they were felt to be essential based on the quantity of contraband materials being brought into the prison by these work release inmates. BodySearch is an x-ray scanning system which uses backscatter x-ray to form an image of prisoners as they stand next to the system. Typically prisoners are scanned two at a time, with one scan being taken from the back and the second from the front. Although privacy was considered to be an issue, the prisoners have been relived not to have to go through full pat searches and periodic strip searches. The automatic equipment has also sped up the inspection process and eliminated some of the waiting lines. The problem was so bad that one warden was contemplating having all prisoners issued two sets of clothing (a several hundred thousand dollar investment), which they would change on the way in and out of the prison facility. The new system has all but eliminated any attempt by prisoners to smuggle contraband into the prison by concealing it on their person as they return from work detail. Operationally, a pencil beam is generated by a rotating chopper, which scans horizontally as it is moved vertically. Scintillator detectors mounted adjacent and parallel to the direction of the scanning beam collect the scattered radiation. The result is a photo-like image of the body surface facing the system. The use of a scanning pencil beam in a backscatter geometry with a 140 kV x-ray source eliminates any issue of radiation safety. In fact, the dose delivered by the system (under 10 micro rem for a two-scan inspection) is less than 1% of the dose a person standing outside at sea level receives from background radiation in a day.
Simplified Kundalini Yoga and EEG Frequencies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The practice of yoga brings mind to a calm state through direct experience. Therefore, mind may be defined as a wave, which has different frequencies. We call them â€˜mind frequenciesâ€™. The foundation of this research is based on the hypothesis that, â€œit is impossible to separate the waves of the mind and the brainâ€. The hypothesis is tested using EEG measurements involving a systematic system of meditation called Simplified Kundalini Yoga (SKY). Briefly, the SKY system enables a meditator to bring the life force from the Mooladhar Chakra, which is located at the base of oneâ€™s spinal cord, to â€œtwo higher chakrasâ€ located in the head, where the mind waves are said to attain lower frequencies. The EEG measurements show three ranges of lower mental frequencies corresponding to the three stages in the SKY meditation system. The results of EEG frequencies reported here correspond to the values in the modern scientific literature on brain frequencies. Therefore, our finding supports the hypothesis that mind and brain frequencies cannot be separated. I present EMG results that demonstrate how the peace of mind also pacifies the body.Â
Feedback Through Digital Application Affordances and Teacher Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Assessment feedback is an essential way to promote student learning. Students and teachers may benefit from educational technologies during the feedback process. The purpose of this study was to identify the feedback dimensions that were fulfilled by iPad applications (apps) and to compare teacher practice to the affordances of apps. Typological data analysis was used to perform this qualitative case study. We analyzed seven apps ( QR Code Reader, Schoology, Kahoot!, Nearpod, Socrative, ZipGrade, and The Physics Classroom ) that a high school physics teacher used to provide feedback in a technology-enhanced classroom. Data sources included classroom video recordings and the websites of these apps. To facilitate the analysis of the data, we enhanced the feedback dimensions identified by Hatzipanagos and Warburton (2009). Our analysis highlighted the diverse capabilities of these apps with regard to supporting the following dimensions of effective feedback: dialogue, visibility, appropriateness, community, power, learning, timeliness, clearness, complexity, reflection, and action. We found that through additional discussion and interactions with students, the teacher could support dimensions that an app did not support. This study not only underscores the critical interplay between technological tools and teacher practices with regard to crafting effective feedback mechanisms but also offers practical recommendations for educators seeking to optimize technology-enhanced feedback in classroom settings. Future research is encouraged to explore the technology implementation experiences of less experienced teachers. Examining teachers working at various school levels and from various countries can offer valuable insights.
Perancangan Aplikasi Manajemen Surat Keluar Responsive Dengan Bootstrap Berbasis Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this project is to develop a Responsive Outgoing Mail Management Application utilizing Bootstrap for the Household and Bappeda Division of Medan City. The objective is to enhance productivity by efficiently gathering, analyzing, and utilizing data inside a commercial entity. Furthermore, he incorporates the assessment and development of a web-based archive management information system for handling incoming and outgoing mail at the Jambi DPRD City Secretariat. The system employs Unified Modeling Language (UML) for the purpose of system modeling. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of establishing a comprehensive archive system for both incoming and departing emails. The system will be implemented utilizing the Model View Controller (MVC) paradigm, renowned for its efficacy in structuring and overseeing documents throughout the business. The term to summarize, the suggested application for overseeing outgoing mail in the Household Division and Bappeda Medan City aligns with prior research on enhancing effectiveness through web-based systems in various organizational settings. By combining UML modeling and MVC approaches, it is possible to develop apps that effectively streamline outgoing email processes. This research enhances the field of information management systems by offering valuable insights into the development of responsive web apps customized to fit the specific needs of enterprises. This subsequently enhances operational efficiency and optimizes data management processes.
A Novel Design of Robotic hand Based on Bird Claw Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Robots are the best replacement of man power in every field of life because they can work with a better efficiency under hard environments. Recently, plenty of work has been carried out on mimicking the human hand motion. However, most of the designers emphasized on designing new actuating system with less degree of freedom or reduce number of actuators along with enhanced performance. Bird claw motion is a natural example with simpler design and has many advantages over human hand such as less number of joints, easy structure and better grip. In this manuscript we propose a robot model which is based on a pigeon’s claw and a hardware structure is implemented to verify that the proposed model contain almost half joints than a human hand and hence offers much lower cost along with easier management. Furthermore, smaller size of the palm also facilitates in handling small items. We have presented software and hardware model of a pigeon’s claw in support of the argument.
Tips and Tricks to Study Mudbricks. Experiences from the Protohistoric Site of Casas del Turuñuelo, Spain

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The main construction technique during the Protohistory in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula was adobe. However, to date, there have been few sites with the necessary state of preservation to conduct studies that provide a holistic view of the architecture. In contrast, the discovery of the Tartessian building at Casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz, Spain) with its exceptional state of preservation has enabled the application of a wide range of interdisciplinary analytical techniques and methodologies—many of which have never before been used together at a single site. In this paper, we present a detailed synthesis of all the strategies, techniques and analyses applied over ten years of excavation, as well as those currently under development. Our aim is to share the insights gained from this specific case study and, more importantly, to provide methodological tools that can be applied to other adobe-using sites, regardless of their chronology or cultural context.
A Comparison of Extreme and Ordinary Freezing Rain Events of Long Duration and High Integrated Vapor Transport in Eastern North America

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Freezing rain events of long duration (LD; at least 12 h) in two study domains of eastern North America gleaned from the database of McCray et al. are examined using ERA5 reanalysis-based integrated water vapor transport (IVT) to investigate how parent cyclones with high IVT (HIVT; surrogate for atmospheric rivers) contribute to severe freezing rain events. Although not necessary for an LD freezing rain event to occur, HIVT-influenced parent cyclones are associated with most (70%) events occurring in the southeastern Canada/northeastern U.S. (CAUS) study domain and with the majority (78%) of very long (at least 24 h) LD events in the region over a 38-yr period (1979–2016). Comparing extreme and ordinary LD events involving HIVT-influenced parent cyclones over the CAUS and southeastern U.S. study domains shows the importance in extreme events of slow movement and phasing between the continental parent cyclone located over eastern North America and a corresponding midlatitude anticyclone to the northeast of the CAUS domain that provides cold dry air needed in the near-surface cold layer to offset opposing diabatic effects. A corresponding subtropical anticyclone assists the parent cyclone in supplying warm and humid air at midlevels of freezing rain events to the northern reaches of the study domain, extending spatial and temporal scales of extreme events. Most ordinary LD event parent cyclones are progressive and impact the study domain only briefly. An abrupt end of ordinary LD events having a slow-moving parent cyclone occurs either when its center moves over the study domain or a second, newly dominant cyclone emerges.
On the implementation of single-cell omics and CRISPR screens for iPSC-models of Parkinson’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the fastest growing neurological condition, with an urgent need for effective treatments to slow or stop disease progression. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) models has significantly enhanced our understanding of PD by providing unprecedented access to disease-relevant cell types. These PD in vitro models have provided novels insights into mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal and autophagic dysregulation, protein aggregation, stress response, inflammation and metabolic perturbations. However, cellular heterogeneity and variability across iPSC lines are inherent limitations of these models which are often overlooked. Here we discuss ongoing efforts and opportunities to improve PD models by incorporating recent advancements in single-cell multi-omics analyses. We also highlight the lack of genetic CRISPR screens using iPSC-models of PD and discuss current limitations and prospects. We argue that implementing and combining these tools has the potential to unlock novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of PD that could lead to new therapeutic targets for this devastating disorder.