jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breaking combinational dormancy of Rhus javanica L. seeds in South Korea: Effect of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seeds with combinational dormancy have both physical (PY) and physiological (PD) dormancy. Chemical scarification and cold-moist stratification alleviate PY and PD, respectively. Therefore, we tested the effectiveness of mechanical scarification and cold-moist stratification for the release of combinational dormancy in Rhus javanica seeds to minimize the possibility of any internal damage and determine the optimal germination conditions. Mechanical scarification by a brushing machine and cold-moist stratification for 12 weeks weakened the pericarp and improved water absorption and percent germination. Prolonging mechanical scarification for up to 20 min further improved water absorption and percent germination; however, there was no significant difference in germination after 20 min (64.9%) and 40 min (63.1%) of mechanical scarification. The removal of blister-like structures in nontreated seeds by mechanical scarification enhanced water absorption. Further, cracks between the two inner pericarp cell-layers improved water absorption. Combined mechanical scarification (20 min) and cold-moist stratification (12 weeks) effectively broke combinational dormancy of R. javanica seeds and, therefore, comprise a suitable treatment for seed germination.
Human neurolathyrism, a follow-up study of 200 patients. Part I: Clinical investigation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two hundred patients with chronic neurolathyrism were clinically examined, 25 to 35 years after exposure to the lathyrus sativus pea. All the patients were prisoners in a labour camp under similar nutritional and physical conditions at the outbreak of the syndome. The main symptoms were spastic paraparesis and a neurogenic bladder, both of varying degree. In addition lower motor neuron involvement with muscular atrophies was noticed in 14 cases and simulated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A lathyric sensory neuropathy was found in 12 patients. No cranial lesions or psychiatric disorders were found. Laboratory tests including 5 CSF specimens were normal. HLA typing was unremarkable. Our overall impression was that chronic neurolathyrism in the long run shows a gradually slow progressive course.
Maternal Phenylketonuria and Hyperphenylalaninemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since many women with phenylketonuria (PKU) will have children of their own, we were interested in ascertaining the effect of maternal PKU and hyperphenylalaninemia on the offspring of such women. We reviewed the literature on this subject and obtained additional unpublished data through an international survey. Data were collected on 524 pregnancies in 155 women; in 34 pregnancies a low-phenylalanine diet was begun after or shortly before pregnancy was established. Among untreated pregnancies, the frequencies of mental retardation, microcephaly, and congenital heart disease were greatly increased over those in the normal population, and these increases correlated with the mother's blood levels of phenylalanine. Ninety-five per cent of mothers with blood phenylalanine concentrations of 20 mg per deciliter or higher had at least one mentally retarded child. Bias introduced by case-finding methods cannot explain these results. It is not clear from our review whether dietary treatment begun after conception is helpful, but treatment begun before conception should be evaluated.
High-power, high-gain, subnanosecond-risetime amplification with electron beam - pn junction active devices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The principles of operation and performance limitations of a class of high-performance electron beam -- pn junction active devices are discussed. The primary assumptions are that (1) the beam diode is designed so that carrier generation and transport occur entirely in a region of high electric field, (2) carrier pairs are created near one edge of the beam diode by the electron bombardment, (3) carriers traverse the depletion region with a constant drift velocity, and (4) the beam diode is connected to a real load impedance, such as a reflectionless transmission line.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS ON GLAUCOMA AMONG GLAUCOMA PATIENTS & ITS IMPACT ON DAILY LIFE.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: To assess the knowledge, awareness on glaucoma and its impact on the quality of life of patients with glaucoma. Materials and method: A questionnaire was delivered to patients willing to take part,and have a regular visit to the ophthalmology department,250 patients who are diagnosed of having glaucoma and started on medical management with age between 40 -70 years were included in the study. Results: Among 250 patients who attended to the glaucoma department 58% were females and males were 42% with the mean age of 51.2 years (ranges40-70) of them. Among them literates were 32%, illiterates were 68%.82% patients in our study never heard about glaucoma before diagnosed as having glaucoma.65%of patients reported negative emotions, 85% were facing difficulties in daily activities due to visual problems,38% reported poor compliance to the treatment. Conclusion: Our study highlights that there is a need for improving the awarenesson this asymptomatic disease and reinforcement of knowledge and practice on proper instillation of eye drops among patients by counselling can help patients to adhere to management and follow up.
Evaluation of the Washington State Family Independence Program, The

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Washington State Family Independence Program (FIP) is a welfare reform program designed to help families become more economically self-sufficient. It was expected to increase participation in education, training, and employment, which would in turn reduce welfare participation. However, relative to traditional welfare, FIP had little or no impact on education and training, it reduced employment and earnings a little, and it increased welfare participation substantially. The authors present data gathered by the Urban Institute over five years and analyze the reasons for FIP's failure to meet its original goals.
Predicting Wavelet Coefficients over Edges Using Estimates Based on Nonlinear Approximants

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is well-known that wavelet transforms provide sparse decompositions over many types of image regions but not over image singularities/edges that manifest themselves along curves. It is now widely accepted that, on 2D piecewise smooth signals, wavelet compression performance is dominated by coefficients over edges. Research in this area has focused on two tracks, each suffering from issues related to translation invariance. Methods that directly model high order coefficient dependencies over edges have to combat aliasing issues, and new transforms that have been designed lose their full strength if they are not used in a translation invariant fashion. In this paper we combine these approaches and use translation invariant, overcomplete representations to predict wavelet edge coefficients.By starting with the lowest frequency band of an l level wavelet decomposition, we reliably estimate missing higher frequency coefficients over piecewise smooth signals. Unlike existing techniques, our approach does not model edges directly but implicitly obtains boundaries by aggressively determining regions where the utilized translation invariant decomposition is sparse.
Grab‐AD: Generalizability and reproducibility of altered brain activity and diagnostic classification in Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with disruptions in brain activity and networks. However, there is substantial inconsistency among studies that have investigated functional brain alterations in AD; such contradictions have hindered efforts to elucidate the core disease mechanisms. In this study, we aim to comprehensively characterize AD‐associated functional brain alterations using one of the world's largest resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) biobank for the disorder. The biobank includes fMRI data from six neuroimaging centers, with a total of 252 AD patients, 221 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 215 healthy comparison individuals. Meta‐analytic techniques were used to unveil reliable differences in brain function among the three groups. Relative to the healthy comparison group, AD was associated with significantly reduced functional connectivity and local activity in the default‐mode network, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus, along with increased connectivity or local activity in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus ( p < .05, Bonferroni corrected). Moreover, these functional alterations were significantly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment (AD and MCI groups) and amyloid‐β burden. Machine learning models were trained to recognize key fMRI features to predict individual diagnostic status and clinical score. Leave‐one‐site‐out cross‐validation established that diagnostic status (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.85) and clinical score (mean correlation coefficient between predicted and actual Mini‐Mental State Examination scores: 0.56, p < .0001) could be predicted with high accuracy. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential for a reproducible and generalizable functional brain imaging biomarker to aid the early diagnosis of AD and track its progression.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and variceal bleeding: a case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can have severe gastrointestinal effects and cause peptic ulcers to bleed. Acute bleeding from oesophageal varices is a major complication of cirrhosis of the liver. Aims To investigate the role, using a case-control study, of NSAIDs in first bleeding episodes associated with oesophageal or cardial varices in cirrhotic patients. Patients/Methods A structured interview was conducted of 125 cirrhotic patients with bleeding mainly related to oesophageal varices and 75 cirrhotic controls with oesophageal varices who had never bled. Results Cirrhotic patients who were admitted for bleeding related to portal hypertension were more likely to have used NSAIDs during the week before the index day (31 of 125 (25%)) than the cirrhotic controls (eight of 75 (11%); odds ratio = 2.8, p = 0.016). Use of aspirin alone or combined with other NSAIDs was also more prevalent in the cases (21 of 125 (17%)) than in the controls (three of 75 (4%); odds ratio = 4.9, p = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that NSAID use (p = 0.022, odds ratio = 2.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.8 to 4.7) and variceal size (p<0.001, odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 11.5) were the only variables independently associated with the risk of bleeding. Conclusions Aspirin, used alone or combined with other NSAIDs, was associated with a first variceal bleeding episode in patients with cirrhosis. Given the life threatening nature of this complication, the possible benefit of this treatment should be weighed against the risk shown here. No firm conclusions could be drawn on non-aspirin NSAIDs used alone.
CORONARY OCCLUSION WITH AND WITHOUT PAIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the early years of the clinical recognition of coronary occlusion, substernal or epigastric pain of at least several hours' duration was considered to be a characteristic feature. Subsequent observations have shown not only that this type of pain may be closely simulated by other conditions, such as acute surgical disorders of the abdomen, pulmonary embolism, dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, interstitial emphysema and pneumothorax, but also that painless occlusion of the coronary artery may occur in a certain number of cases, with dyspnea replacing pain most frequently as the presenting symptom. The clinical picture here is that of failure of the left ventricle, followed by congestive heart failure. In a still smaller percentage of cases the severe initial anginal pain may be replaced by symptoms suggesting a cerebral vascular lesion, such as sudden weakness, dizziness, syncope and unconsciousness, or by gastrointestinal features, such as nausea, vomiting, distention, obstipation and
Structure of the Arabidopsis JMJ14-H3K4me3 Complex Provides Insight into the Substrate Specificity of KDM5 Subfamily Histone Demethylases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In chromatin, histone methylation affects the epigenetic regulation of multiple processes in animals and plants and is modulated by the activities of histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases. The jumonji domain-containing histone demethylases have diverse functions and can be classified into several subfamilies. In humans, the jumonji domain-containing Lysine (K)-Specific Demethylase 5/Jumonji and ARID Domain Protein (KDM5/JARID) subfamily demethylases are specific for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and are important drug targets for cancer treatment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the KDM5/JARID subfamily H3K4me3 demethylase JUMONJI14 (JMJ14) plays important roles in flowering, gene silencing, and DNA methylation. Here, we report the crystal structures of the JMJ14 catalytic domain in both substrate-free and bound forms. The structures reveal that the jumonji and C5HC2 domains contribute to the specific recognition of the H3R2 and H3Q5 to facilitate H3K4me3 substrate specificity. The critical acidic residues are conserved in plants and animals with the corresponding mutations impairing the enzyme activity of both JMJ14 and human KDM5B, indicating a common substrate recognition mechanism for KDM5 subfamily demethylases shared by plants and animals and further informing efforts to design targeted inhibitors of human KDM5.
Legal Implications Arising from the Stage of Negotiation through Electronic Means

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aimed at investigating the legal implications arising from the stage of negotiation via electronic means. It specifically aimed to highlight the obligations associated with negotiation stage. Moreover, it ventured to identify the consequences of breaching the obligations agreed upon in this stage. The descriptive analytical method was used and the findings reflected that the stage of negotiation via electronic means leads to the conclusion of the contract. Furthermore, breach of these obligations requires compensation by the person causing the damage. It was also found that the Jordanian legislator did not address the electronic negotiation process in e-commerce transactions. Rather, the legislator regulated it in general by Law No. 85 of 2001, replaced by Law No. 15 of 2015. The study recommends that the Jordanian legislator include legal texts in the Electronic Business Transactions Law, so as to address the electronic negotiation stage.
A randomized control trial evaluating the prevalence of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries in primigravida in routine versus selective mediolateral episiotomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Routine mediolateral episiotomy in primigravida is associated with a higher prevalence of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries. As anal sphincter injuries are known to have morbidities, selective mediolateral episiotomy in primigravida is therefore recommended in the implementation of new delivery practice, and in an attempt to reduce our high episiotomy rate.
Study on Damage Mechanism of Fracturing Fluid Reservoir and RBF Neural Network Prediction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At present, tight oil and gas reservoirs must adopt fracturing technology to obtain productivity, which will not only transform the reservoir, but also bring reservoir damage. Taking Chang-7 member of Ordos Basin as the research object, the relationship between physical properties of tight oil reservoir and fracturing fluid damage is analyzed based on experimental analysis of reservoir physical properties, cast thin sections, electron microscope scanning, X-ray diffraction and sensitivity test. Using the traditional damage evaluation method requires a large number of cores, and core resources, as a nonrenewable precious resource, have been paid more and more attention. Therefore, the use of prediction is conducive to protecting core resources, reducing experimental costs, and improving work efficiency. Therefore, a mathematical prediction model of RBF neural network is proposed, which establishes the complex nonlinear relationship between the physical properties of Chang 7 reservoir and fracturing fluid damage in Ordos Basin. Taking 22 groups of data of Chang 7 reservoir as training data, the fitting rate of training data is 90%. Taking the other two groups of data as detection data, the error between prediction and actual experiment is less than 10%. The prediction shows that the error inside and outside the sample predicted by RBF neural network is small, the prediction accuracy of the model is high, the generalization ability is strong, and the prediction value is closer to the value obtained by laboratory experiments than BP neural network, which can provide a good theoretical basis for fracturing fluid optimization.
Analysis of stiffened membranes by the finite element method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A survey for the different variational principles and their corresponding finite element model formulations is given. New triangular finite elements for the analysis of stiffened panels are suggested. The derivation of the stiffness matrix for these elements is based on the hybrid stress model. The boundary deflections for these elements are assumed linear. These elements are different in two aspects, the degree of the internal stress polynomials and the number and location of the stiffeners. Numerical studies are carried out and results are compared to the theoretical solutions given by Kuhn as well as to results of the compatible model. Convergence of the stress in stiffeners to the actual solution through mesh refinement is studied. Jumps in the stiffener stresses given by the new elements exist. The use of special Lagrangian elements at the interelement boundaries to eliminate some of these jumps is studied.
Changes in Cardiovascular Function in Response to Acute Caffeine Ingestion During Intense Resistance Training

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of caffeine (CAF) ingestion on change in cardiovascular function during resistance training is relatively unexplored, and has important implications for persons with or at risk for hypertension. PURPOSE: The primary aim was to examine the effect of CAF ingestion on change in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and other indices of cardiovascular function during resistance training. METHODS: Five resistance-trained men (mean ± SE age and body mass = 21.1 ± 2.2 yr and 87.8 ± 15.4 kg) who were regular CAF consumers participated in the study. A randomized, double-blind, crossover design was used. They completed four sets of four exercises (bench press, leg press, lat row, and shoulder press) to fatigue at 75 - 80 % one-repetition maximum. A two minute recovery was allotted between sets and exercises. Seven days apart, anhydrous CAF (6 mg/kg body weight) and placebo housed in identical capsules were ingested with water 1 h pre-exercise. HR was assessed by telemetry; whereas, systolic and diastolic BP was assessed using manual sphygomanometry. Rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated as the product of HR and SBP. All variables were recorded for 30 min before exercise, after the second set of each exercise, and every 25 min for 75 min after exercise with subjects at rest. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to examine differences in cardiovascular function over time and treatment. RESULTS: HR, SBP, and RPP were significantly increased (p < 0.01) over time, yet no change (p > 0.05) in DBP was evident. HR increased from 69.4 ± 4.2 b/min at rest to 165.0 ± 4.4 b/min during lat row exercise, and decreased to 80.0 ± 7.1 b/min in recovery. Resting, exercise, and recovery systolic BP, HR, and RPP tended to be higher in the CAF trial versus placebo, but did not reach significance (p > 0.05). There was no treatment effect (p > 0.05) for any variable. CONCLUSION: Significant increases in indices of cardiovascular function were demonstrated in response to intense resistance training. Compared to placebo, preliminary data show no effect of a 6 mg/kg CAF dose on cardiovascular function. A larger sample size may be needed to show a significant effect of acute CAF intake on HR and BP during resistance training. This project was funded by a University Professional Development/Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity Grant.
Effects of dietary myrcene administration on antioxidant gene responses in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), exposed to copper sulphate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed with diet supplemented with 0% (M0) or 0.5% (M0.5) myrcene for 6 week and exposed to ambient copper (0.2 mg/L) for further 2 weeks. Gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione reductase (gr) and glutathione S-transferase (gst) were assayed in the fish brain and kidney, and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS) levels were determined in blood plasma. The results showed that there was no significant difference in TBARS levels between the M0 and M0.5 treatments, before the copper exposure; however, the M0 had significantly higher TBARS levels compared to the M0.5, after the copper exposure. The antioxidant genes showed different patterns in the fish brain and kidney. The genes were up-regulated in the fish brain by dietary myrcene and copper exposure. However, in the fish kidney, the M0.5 treatment showed no change in sod, cat, gpx before and after the copper exposure. The results suggest that myrcene is capable to induce antioxidant enzymes that prepare the fish for a further oxidative condition (i.e. copper exposure). Dietary myrcene at 0.5% level is suggested for common carp before treatment with copper sulphate.
Application research of internal electrolysis as pre-treatment for berberine wastewater biodegradation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The composition of the berberine wastewater is complicated with high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Because it is hard to be degraded by traditional biochemical treatment and causes serious environmental pollution. The applicability of internal electrolysis to improve the biodegradability of berberine wastewater to be treated biologically was investigated. The wastewater was originated from a factory producing berberine. Treatability studies were conducted under laboratory conditions in order to determine the operational conditions to enhance the biodegradation of the wastewater.The major operational conditions, such as the initial pH, the second stage pH, the volume ratio of iron-carbon microelectrolysis filler to waste water and aeration time were investigated in the paper. The result of the experiment shows that the initial pH 2.0-2.5, second stage pH 9, the best volume ratio of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis packing and wastewater is 1:1 and the the residence time control in 120 minutes are the best operating parameters on the berberine wastewater treatment.