jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Observations on the epidemiology of plague in Tanzania during the period 1974-1988.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Field and commensal rodents and shrews were live-trapped from selected areas in each of the six zones of the Republic, namely North-eastern, Eastern, Central-western, South-western, Southern and Seaports. The captured animals, small ruminants, humans and small carnivores were serologically tested for specific plague antibodies, using the Passive haemagglutination (PHA) and Passive haemagglutination Inhibition (PHAI) techniques. Taxonomic studies and population densities of rodents and their ectoparasasites were carried out. A total of 5638 animals were captured and 79.9% of them were tested for plague. Of those tested, 2.4% contained agglutinating plague antibodies at serum dilutions of 1:20 and above. The positive rodents were found in Lushoto, Mbulu, Chunya and Monduli districts, as well as at Tanga seaport. These include R. rattus, M. natalensis, A. niloticus and Otomys spp. A total of 7480 human, 293 carnivorous and 425 small ruminant sera were also tested for plague. Seven (2.4%) of the carnivores were positive at serum titres of 1:20-1:80. All the small ruminants were negative. Likewise, 1.4% of the tested human sera contained specific plague antibodies at titres ranging from 1:20-1:60. Out of 6480 fleas collected from the captured small mammals, 5476 were identified. Of these, 34.5%, 20.4%, and 17.8% were X. brasiliensis, D. lypusus and X. cheopis respectively. It was generally concluded that plague was still endemic in several parts of the country, that some foci were active, and that there was a potential risk of accidental introduction and/or transfer of the disease into or out of the country. Establishment and maintenance of surveillance services and facilitating research and control programmes of the disease were recommended.
Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 from Transcription Factor YY1 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Directly Activating the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 - S1. Primer pairs used for quantitative PCR; S2. Antibodies used for western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry.</p>
A two stage Active Disturbance Rejection Control design for under-actuated nonlinear systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A two-stage Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) design procedure is presented for the output trajectory tracking control problem in Single Input Single Output (SISO) nonlinear systems. Aside from the given scalar system output, the plant is assumed to exhibit a second, physically measurable, internal scalar output variable. The system output is controlled in an ADRC manner from an implicit static, or dynamic, nonlinear feedback controller using, in general, a nonlinear differential expression of the internal output variable. A desired internal output trajectory is thus generated. The internal output variable, in turn, is controlled from the original input and forced to track the desired trajectory synthesized in the previous step by the auxiliary controller. Each ADRC controller design is based on a simplified model of the corresponding subsystem, usually relegating interaction variables and additive nonlinearities to be part of a local (total) disturbance input term. The control scheme is reduced to a set of linear ADRC controllers with, possibly, cancellation of nonlinear input gains which are assumed to be known. Two illustrative aerospace examples are presented where the proposed procedure is illustrated via digital computer simulations.
ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY IN MEN AND WOMEN EVALUATED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Esophageal motility has been described in the literature as having differences between men and women. Most of these investigations use the water perfusion method for esophageal manometry. In this investigation the esophageal motility of men and women was compared with high-resolution manometry of the esophagus. OBJECTIVE To compare the esophageal motility of men and women with the high-resolution manometry method for esophageal manometry, performed in the sitting position. The hypothesis was that men and women have differences in esophageal motility. METHODS High-resolution manometry was performed in normal volunteers, 10 men [mean age: 37.5 (8.1) years] and 12 women [mean age: 38.7 (7.5) years], in the sitting position and with 10 swallows of a 5 mL bolus of saline, with an interval of at least 30 seconds between consecutive swallows. We evaluated the integrated relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, contraction front velocity, distal contraction integral, distal latency, proximal contraction extension, proximal contraction duration >30 mmHg, proximal contraction duration, proximal contraction integral and maximal upper esophageal sphincter pressure. RESULTS There was no significant difference between men and women in the variables measured. CONCLUSION There was no difference in esophageal motility of men and women evaluated by the high resolution manometry method, in the sitting position with swallows of a liquid bolus.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is defined as entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve at the level of the ankle. The syndrome has been associated with traumatic inflammatory etiologies. The diagnosis is made clinically by the presence of dysesthesia in the distribution of the medial and lateral plantar nerves, a positive Tinel's sign, paresthesias with compression of the nerve at the tarsal tunnel, tenderness of the nerve along its course (Valleix Phenomenon), and sensory or motor changes. Most authors suggest surgical decompression for the treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this review is to summarize the etiologies of tarsal tunnel found in the literature, to evaluate the current role of electrodiagnosis in the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome and to examine the results of treatment modalities presented.
Evaluation of hydrologic data obtained from a local groundwater monitoring network in a metropolitan city, Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the late 1980s, dramatic increases in water use caused over-exploitation of groundwater resources and deterioration of water quality in Seoul metropolitan city. To monitor changes in quantity of groundwater resources and their quality, the metropolitan government established a local groundwater monitoring network in 1997 consisting of 119 monitoring wells. Groundwater resources in the urban area were affected by various human activities, including underground construction such as subways, pumping for public or private water use, leaky sewer systems and pavements. The variation patterns of the groundwater levels were mainly classified into four types, reflecting natural recharge due to rainfall events during the wet season, artificial recharge from leaky sewer or water supply systems, and heavy groundwater pumping for drainage or flood control purposes at underground construction sites. Significantly decreasing trends of groundwater levels in the suburbs of Seoul indicate groundwater use for various agricultural activities. Subway construction lowered the water level by an average of 25 m. Electrical conductivity values showed a wide range, from 100 to 1800 µS/cm (mean 470 µS/cm). Groundwater temperature generally showed a stable pattern, except for some sensitive increases at relatively shallow monitoring wells. Detailed analysis of the monitored groundwater data would provide some helpful implications for optimal and efficient management of groundwater resources in this metropolitan city. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Team Quiz Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Raya Kabupaten Simalungun Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the team quiz type active learning strategy on the active learning of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence of the team quiz type active learning strategy on the active learning of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Raya Simalungun Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 159 people. The sample was random (random sampling), namely 40% of the total population minus 30 questionnaire test respondents, namely 40% x 129 people = 52 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.555>rtabel=0.297 and tcount=4.718>ttable=2.000 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the team quiz type active learning strategy and students' active learning in Christian Religious Education and Character. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test shows that the magnitude of the effect is 30.80%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=22.284>Ftable=3.15 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the active learning strategy of the team quiz type on the active learning of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class
Characterization of fracture networking and connectivity: Insights from Discrete Fracture Network Model and Multi-Scale analysis from the Buxa Dolomite of the Main Boundary thrust sheet, Siang widow, Arunachal Himalayan Fold thrust belt

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Fracture systems develop at different stages of progressive deformation and are often genetically associated with folding. The frontal Main Boundary thrust (MBT) sheet is folded in a fault bend fold (Ahmed et al., 2018) and is exposed in Siang window in far eastern Arunachal Himalayan fold-thrust belt (FTB). The Buxa dolomite of the Lesser Himalayan sequence forms part of the MBT sheet and records four different sets of fractures (Basa et al., 2019). We present results from Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model from the Buxa dolomite. Integrating fold test, cross-cutting, offset and abutting relationships, we have established that the low-angle fracture set (0&amp;#176;-20&amp;#176;) formed as a result of early layer parallel shortening.&amp;#160; These low-angle and the two sets of medium angle fractures (20&amp;#176;-60&amp;#176;) formed prior to the fault-bend folding. The late stage, high-angle fractures (60&amp;#176;-90&amp;#176;) developed synchronous to the fault-bend fold (Basa et al., 2019). We model the fractures formed before and during the folding event using 3D MOVE&amp;#8217;s Fracture Modeling module to evaluate how the properties of secondary porosity and permeability, induced by fracture sets, fracture area/unit volume (P32) and overall connectivity are affected by the folding event. The input parameters of fracture orientation, intensity, length and aperture were measured from the field. For the aspect ratio, theoretical value of 1:2 (Olding, 1997; Olson, 2003) was considered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results from DFN analysis indicate that the average porosity increases from pre-folding (model-1) (~0.0028) to syn- to post-folding (model-2) (~0.0071). The permeability also increases from ~231 Darcy in model-1 to ~3988 Darcy in model-2. There is also a significant rise in P32 (~2.8m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; to ~4.3m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3)&lt;/sup&gt; value from model-1 to model-2. The late high-angle fracture set led to increase in overall connectivity, including porosity, permeability and fracture intensity. This is also corroborated from the field results that reveal high-angle fractures are more conducive to vein formation (~41%) compared to the lower angle fracture-sets (~15 %).&lt;/p&gt;
[Tea and coffee consumption among Russian population].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim of present study was the getting data on black and green tea and coffee consumption among Russian population in 1995-2003. The consumption of beverages tea and coffee was estimated by 24-hour recall of dietary intake in course of Russian Longitudinal monitoring surveys of economics and health. About 82% of population have consumed the black tea and only 2.2%--the green tea. Mean daily black and green tea intake among all population were 446 ml and 10 ml, correspondingly. The prevalence of black tea consumption was decreased and green tea and coffee consumption were increased from 1995 to 2003.
Treatment of Swallowing Problems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article is concerned with the swallowing problems usually encountered post-operatively in glossectomies. Types of cancer and surgery are briefly discussed. The main methods of successful treatment are discussed, these being: allaying the patient's anxiety that he will never achieve a competent swallowusing therapy techniques such as icing, resisted movements and exercises to restore or increase muscle tonepresenting therapy techniques to patients in small doses, with parallel explanations for the necessity of such techniques, and the need to hasten slowly.There is brief discussion of some other consideration in post-operative recovery.
K pohledu tisku vydávaného v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava a v Říšské župě Sudety na význam a účel československo-sovětské smlouvy v závěru roku 1943

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The essay deals with the overview and characteristics of Nazi press propaganda in relation to the Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty in the German press published in the Sudetenland and the Protectorate. It draws attention to the importance and means of press control by protectorate and German institutions. When assessing the method of promotion, it takes into account not only the central newspapers published in Prague and Liberec, but also the press organs published in the ethnically mixed areas of the Protectorate in Ostrava region and in the eastern part of the Opava government district. It draws attention to the key elements of the Nazi argument: the resignation of the Western allies to influence the fate of Central Europe, the role of Edvard Beneš in the process of supporting its Bolshevization, and an illustrative example of the fate of the Baltic countries, which made similar agreements with Stalin in 1939/40 and were subsequently annexed by the Soviet Union after a staged popular vote. He evaluates the success of Nazi propaganda by confronting it with reports on public sentiment compiled by the Reich’s security services and information from the surrounds of the anti-Nazi resistance.
Feature extraction from event logs for predictive monitoring of business processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this master’s thesis, we investigate feature extraction techniques for event log traces. We provide an overview over the field of predictive monitoring and analyze existing trace profiles proposed in the literature. Based on this, we apply the results obtained in recent research on process discovery to find meaningful abstractions over related subsequences of events.We assess different feature sets by evaluating their predictive power in a supervised classification setting as well as a semi-supervised outlier detection setting. For this purpose, we use two datasets from public administration, describing complex processes in EU agricultural subsidy management. Our particular goal in this domain is to predict negative outcomes, for instance, additional work due to legal claims or corrections necessary after initial payment decisions.
Football Sponsorship - A Business Paradigm

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Sponsorship in football business has been an integral part and continues to grow in importance as the nature of the leagues, and clubs get more professionalized. While opportunity in the area of sponsorship keeps growing bigger, there is a need to get more scientific about its whereabouts. This book explores football sponsorship as a marketing tool for clubs and sponsors, and as an inter-organizational (corporate) relationship construct between the sponsor and sponsee. It encapsulates the perspectives of both sponsors and clubs concerning relational quality (RQ) while elucidating the importance of sponsorship as a revenue stream and a brand equity driver. 70% of large sponsorship deals in Britain happen in football while the Indian sports sponsorship market has grown by a massive 12.3% in 2015/16 season and is expected to thrive with non-cricket sports like football gaining mass popularity. Football commands passion, pulling power and megabucks. If its attraction could be distilled as a scent and sold, it would outperform any perfume currently available.
<title>Growth and optical properties of Bi2Ti2O7 single-crystal thin films on Si(100) by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we report the epitaxial growth of Bi2Ti2O7 thin films on Si(100) by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique (APMOCVD). The source materials used were triphenyl bismuth [Bi(C6H5)3] and titanium isopropoxied. The substrate temperature was as low as 500 degrees Celsius. The as-grown Bi2Ti2O7 thin films were high quality single- crystal film with (111) orientation. The transmittance of Bi2Ti2O7 film is between 80% - 90% in the wavelength range 380 - 800 nm, and the absorption edge is at 310 nm. The dielectric constant ((epsilon) ) and loss tangent (tan(delta) ) were found to be 120 and 0.01, respectively, at room temperature. The resistivity of Bi2Ti2O7 film higher than 1 multiplied by 1012 (Omega) .cm under the applied voltage from minus 5 V to plus 5 V.
Beliefs, barriers and hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among Bangladeshi residents: Findings from a cross-sectional study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance is important, and combating hesitancy which is generally based on the individuals' beliefs and perceptions is essential in the present pandemic. This study assesses COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors, beliefs and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 492 Bangladeshi residents (76% male; mean age = 24.21 ± 4.91 years; age range = 18–50 years) prior to the nationwide mass COVID-19 vaccination campaign (September 28, 2021). A semi-structured e-questionnaire included three sections (demographic variables, beliefs around the vaccination, and perceived barriers regarding COVID-19 vaccination). Results More than a quarter of participants (26.42%) were hesitant, 70.33% reported to accept the vaccine, and 3.25% refused to be vaccinated. While (54%) believed that mass vaccination would be the most effective method to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns regarding the side effects of the vaccine (58%), inadequate vaccine trials before human administration (43%), commercial profiteering (42%), and mistrust of the benefits of the vaccine (20%) were also reported. In addition, other barriers including a short supply of vaccines, unknown future adverse effects (55%), low confidence in the health system (51%), doubts regarding its effectiveness (50%) and safety (45%), and insufficient information regarding potential adverse effects (44.7%) were reported. In bivariate analysis, variables such as current political affiliation, previous vaccination history, and health status were significantly associated with the COVID-19 vaccine uptake variable (acceptance, hesitancy, refusal). Regression analysis showed that participants who identified with the opposing current political parties, and not having been vaccinated since the age of 18 years were significantly more likely to report vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions The current findings relating to COVID-19 vaccination demonstrate that government and policy makers need to take all necessary measures to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccination program among the Bangladeshi people.
What’s the Appeal? Perceptions of Review Processes for Algorithmic Decisions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

If you were significantly impacted by an algorithmic decision, how would you want the decision to be reviewed? In this study, we explore perceptions of review processes for algorithmic decisions that differ across three dimensions: the reviewer, how the review is conducted, and how long the review takes. Using a choice-based conjoint analysis we find that people prefer review processes that provide for human review, the ability to participate in the review process, and a timely outcome. Using a survey, we find that people also see human review that provides for participation to be the fairest review process. Our qualitative analysis indicates that the fairest review process provides the greatest likelihood of a favourable outcome, an opportunity for the decision subject and their situation to be fully and accurately understood, human involvement, and dignity. These findings have implications for the design of contestation procedures and also the design of algorithmic decision-making processes.
Hair characteristics and androgenetic alopecia in Koreans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The scalp hair is composed of one hundred thousand of hairs. Each hair goes through the three phases of the hair cycle, which causes the hair to turn from an anagen hair into a catagen hair, then into a telogen hair, and finally into a new anagen hair. The number of hairs is maintained at a relatively constant level because each hair has its own hair cycle. The hair of Koreans is relatively thicker than that of Caucasians and Africans but its growth rate and density are lower. There are various factors that influence hair growth such as hormones, nutritional status, and drugs. However, androgen is most important among these factors and, particularly, androgenetic alopecia is caused by androgen and genetic factors. Because excessive dihydrotestosterone produced by 5α-reductase is of the greatest importance in androgenetic alopecia, finasteride or dutasteride, which inhibits the action of 5α-reductase, is effective in treating androgenetic alopecia. Also, minoxidil is widely used as it promotes hair growth. Furthermore, there are various types of hair diseases and specialized examination is required for differential diagnosis.
The Yang–Lee edge singularity in spin models on connected and non-connected rings

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Renormalization group arguments based on a l phi(3) field theory lead us to expect a certain universal behavior for the density of partition function zeros in spin models with short-range interaction. Such universality has been tested analytically and numerically in different d = 1 and higher dimensional spin models. In d = 1, one finds usually the critical exponent sigma = -1/2. Recently, we have shown in the d = 1 Blume-Emery-Griffiths ( BEG) model on a periodic static lattice (one ring) that a new critical behavior with s = -2/3 can arise if we have a triple degeneracy of the transfer matrix eigenvalues. Here we define the d = 1 BEG model on a dynamic lattice consisting of connected and non-connected rings (non-periodic lattice) and check numerically that also in this case we have mostly sigma = -1/2 while the new value sigma = - 2/3 can arise under the same conditions of the static lattice (triple degeneracy) which is a strong check of universality of the new value of sigma. We also show that although such conditions are necessary, they are not sufficient to guarantee the new critical behavior.