jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of BMI composite materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the heterogeneity of composite materials, it is known that composite materials tend to be vulnerable to delamination. As such, this work aims to investigate the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of the Bismaleimide (BMI) specimens. This is seen of importance because propagation of delamination occurs without visibly detectable sign, and understanding the BMI material’s resistance to interlaminar fracture will allow future applications to develop failure criteria for future product selection. The Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) Mode I and End Notch Flexure (ENF) Mode II standard tests were conducted on the BMI samples for both dry and wet with [0/90] and [-45/45] layout samples. Both tests were performed so that the fracture toughness, G, can be calculated during initiation and propagation due to tensile or shear load force. Results from the interlaminar Mode I fracture toughness of the BMI [0/90] layout samples showed a variable trend towards slight increase or slight decrease, depending on the amount of moisture and temperature during aging. Results indicated that the 50°C wet samples had the highest resistance to delamination during initiation and propagation. Furthermore, results from the interlaminar Mode II fracture toughness of the BMI [0/90] layout samples indicated that the increase in moisture and temperature during aging enhances the resistance during initiation and propagation. However, the Mode II fracture resistance showed a decreasing trend along with an increase in moisture content for the case of BMI [-45/45] layout samples. Finally, at the end of the two standard tests, the delamination results with significant difference in resistance were further backed up with observations seen in the morphological analysis performed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
In the palm of your hand: supporting rural teacher professional development and practice through the use of mobile phones and other handheld digital devices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the huge growth of mobile phone access in Sub Saharan Africa (Minges, 2004) some of the most innovative uses of mobile devices are now to be found in the development context (Economist, 2005). Reviews of the use of mobile technologies point to a range of current and potential development for learning in classrooms, homes and the community (e.g. Naismith et al). \n \nThis paper draws on the experience of two projects: a large scale project for SMS mediated school administration in Kenya and a small scale research project using eBooks and other digital tools for teacher professional development and practice, carried out in predominantly rural schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This research is set in the wider context of the emerging theory, practice and evaluation of the use of mobile technologies for improving teaching and learning (Leach 2006, Power & Thomas 2006, Traxler & Kukulska-Hulme 2006). \n \nThe paper considers the potential of currently common mobile phones to aid communication and break down isolation amongst rural teachers and the design, use and evaluation of e-book learning resources on handheld mobile devices, such as current ‘smart-phones’, which the authors anticipate will soon be the ‘normal’ ubiquitous mobile phone. \n \nWhilst there is only a small body of evidence on the application of mobile technologies to teacher learning, impacts on teacher development remain a matter for debate. Findings suggest that given the right conditions, uses of mobile technology can significantly enhance teacher professional learning and practice.
A Guide to the Geology of the Flagstaff Area

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Flagstaff area, on the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau, offers an exceptional variety of geologic wonders. The landscape of this plateau is composed of remarkable geologic features: the towering, glaciated peaks of San Francisco Mountain, underground lava tubes and blowholes; meteor-blasted Barringer Crater, and cinder cones and lava flows of the San Francisco volcanic field. This booklet is your guide to the geologic features of the fascinating landscape of the Flagstaff area. It is a hiker's guide; walks to the geologic features described in the text are encouraged. This book was written for the visitor who has an interest in geology, but may not have had formal training in the subject. It may also help ensure that the visiting geologist does not overlook some of the features described.
Balance, movement confidence, and cognition: Exploring the impacts of a group motion‐based technology intervention for people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Exercise can impact balance, movement confidence, and cognition among people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, engaging and accessible ways for this population to exercise are lacking. Motion‐based technology, which people with dementia and MCI can learn to use and enjoy using, could be a potential solution. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of a group motion‐based technology intervention on balance, movement confidence, and cognition among people with dementia and MCI. Method Participants with dementia and MCI (n=28; 53.6% female) were recruited from four community‐based adult day programs and invited to partake in a 10‐week Xbox Kinect bowling intervention. Before and after the intervention, participants completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini‐BEST) to measure cognition and balance, respectively. Video recordings were taken during the first, middle, and final week of the intervention and coded using video analysis software, to measure movement confidence. Quantitative data from the MoCA, Mini‐BEST, and coded video recordings were compared using a series of related‐samples Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Result At baseline, participants with dementia and MCI were substantially impaired with regards to balance (mean Mini‐BEST: 14.58/28), cognition (mean MoCA: 12.86/30), and mobility (57.1% mobility device users). Among the participants who completed the study, there was no significant decline in balance (Z‐score=‐1.276, p=0.202), movement confidence (Z‐score=‐0.359, p=0.719), or cognition (Z‐score=‐0.060, p=0.952), suggesting a potential maintenance effect of the intervention. Conclusion Firstly, the findings highlight the prevalence of mobility and balance impairments among people with dementia and MCI, in addition to confirming their cognitive impairment. Secondly, this study also highlights the potential of using motion‐based technology to support the function and well‐being of people with dementia and MCI. That is, the finding of no significant decline in function among the participants can be considered a positive finding, given the generally progressive nature and trajectory of dementia.
Diabetes and Thrombosis: The Dark Side of the Force

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thrombotic diseases where platelets form clots and obstruct blood vessels remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Despite intense investigation over the last 40 years into the discovery and development of more effective drugs, less than 1 in 6 patients taking anti-thrombotic therapies avoid a fatal event. This situation is likely to worsen in younger generations due to the rapidly growing incidence of diabetes, which makes people more prone to thrombosis and resistant to existing anti-thrombotics with unknown reasons. To investigate this, I have developed the ‘Biomembrane Force Probe’ as the first-of-its-kind. This nanotool represents a significant departure from traditional biological studies of protein-protein and cell-cell interactions after prolonged incubation, uniquely suitable for studying these transient interactions in rapidly circulating blood under mechanical force. I have identified a previously unrecognised force-sensing mechanism utilised by platelets during blood clotting (Nature Materials 2019). This mechanism is dysregulated in diabetes, leading to shear-specific enhancement in platelet thrombus formation. Importantly, my studies defined a new therapeutic approach to reduce platelet shear force-sensing function – through inhibition of PI3-Kinase 110beta (Nature Communications 2018). This may ultimately lead to a new treatment to combat the fatal thrombotic disease for patients with diabetes.
Assessment of Obesity in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract It is becoming increasingly important for physicians to have a systematic approach to the assessment of children with severe obesity. While a small proportion of severely obese children have features associated with classical genetic obesity syndromes such as Prader–Willi syndrome, there is increasing recognition that genetic disorders can present as severe obesity alone without developmental delay, dysmorphology, or other clinical signs. The diagnosis of a genetic obesity syndrome is of value for families and may help both children and families deal with the social stigma around severe childhood obesity. The finding of a genetic cause for a patient’s obesity sometimes leads to specific therapy. Exome and genome sequencing have accelerated discovery of genes and mechanisms that explain a variety of previously unrecognized childhood obesity syndromes.
Sugar Transport and Metabolism in Thermotoga

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The work conducted under this grant demonstrated that the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana carries out glucose and lactose transport in a sodium-dependent manner and that energization of anaerobic cells is required to observe transport. We also demonstrated that Thermotoga maritima carries out maltose and glucose transport using periplasmic sugar binding proteins. We began defining patterns of expression of genes encoding sugar transport and catabolic functions in both T. maritima and T. neapolitana. We began a collaborative effort to identify all the genes regulated at the transcriptional level in response to sugars substrates. These funds also allowed us to begin an examination of the functions of several periplasmic substrate binding proteins encoded in the genome of T. maritima.
Techno-index System of Fertilization according to Soil Diagnosis for Super-rice in Lechang Guangdong

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The super-rice fertilization tests were set in the paddy fields of different fertility levels and different locations. In this paper the test date of the rate of fertilizer application amounts(N,P2O5,K2O), the soil available nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the relative yield of super-rice were analyzed statistically, and the regression equations were also acquired. The proper mathematical models based on regression equations, and the richness or deficient status index by recommended about the soil available nutrient content and the total doses of fertilizer for super-rice in Lechang were obtanted. Results showed the regressions equation index for alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were as follows: y(relative yield) = 27.874ln(x)-44.909(R2=0.305 4,n=16), y(relative yield)=13.533ln(x)+39.461(R2=0.305 4,n=16), y(relative yield)=16.734 1ln(x)+13.701(R2=0.814 2,n=16). The regression equations of the total doses of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P2O5) and potassium(K2O) for super-rice were as follow: y=-7.007 6ln(x)+45.162(R2=0.459 1, n=16), y=-2.082 7ln(x)+12.751(R2=0.618 3,n=16), y=-6.446 4ln(x)+43.613(R2=0.305 4,n=16). The total doses of nitrogen(N) were as follow: 21.30, 21.30-15.01, 15.01-9.98, 9.98 kg/667 m2, when alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil were: 30.11, 30.11-73.84, 73.84-151.31, 151.31 mg/kg; The total doses of phosphorus(P2O5) were as follow:8.88, 8.88-6.27, 6.27-4.23, 4.23 kg/667 m2, when available phosphorus in the soil were: 2.18,2.18-13.82, 13.82-60.58, 60.58 mg/kg; The total doses of potassium(K2O) were as follow: 29.63,29.63-19.99, 19.99-12.29, 12.29 kg/667 m2, when available potassium in the soil were: 8.75,8.75-38.98, 38.98-128.81, 128.81 mg/kg.
Risk Acceptance Criteria and Regulatory Aspects 1

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Robert Kauer (Ph.D., 1965) is head of the Structural Reliability department at TÜV-Süddeutschland, Munich. He is responsible for all services concerning Risk-Informed Maintenance (ROI) with the goal to optimize inspection and maintenance resources to increase customers profitability, reliability, and safety. He has worked within and lead several national and international projects in this field. He is member of RIMAP RTD and TN. Dr Luciano Fabbri works in the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. He has a longstanding experience in running international expert groups and networks in the field of risk assessment for inspection and maintenance planning. By applying any risk based inspection and maintenance strategy it is strictly necessary to understand what are the specific acceptance criteria and relevant regulatory aspects. In many situations accepted risk values are not given. This paper attempts to provide information on
Evaluation of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Different Refrigerants

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performance of heat transfer is one of the most important research areas in the field of thermal engineering. There are a large number of refrigerants, which are used to transfer heat from low temperature reservoir to high temperature reservoir by using vapour compression refrigeration system. There are various obstacles faced in working of different refrigerants due to their environmental impact (R11, R12), toxicity (NH3), flammability (HC) and high pressure (CO2); which makes them more hazardous than other working fluids according to safety and environmental issues. There experimental study was conducted to observe the performance of different environmental friendly refrigerant mixtures (HC mixture and R401a). It was also observed the effect of working parameters like diameter of capillary tube, working pressures and inlet water temperatures, which affect the coefficient of performance (COP) of vapour compression refrigeration system. It was observed that R134a is more efficient than HC mixture and R401a, but there is less mass quantity of HC mixture and R401a is required in the same system. So there is less effect in environment due to more mass of R134a.
Effect of Congestive Heart Failure Treatment on Incidence and Prognosis of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prognosis for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is poor, with a mortality exceeding 50% within 5 years from diagnosis. This poor prognosis remains despite improved pharmacological therapy. Because the prevalence of sudden death among these patients is high, reported to exceed 40%, the prognostic importance of ventricular tachyarrhythmias has attracted much interest. Long-term electrocardiographic monitoring of patients with CHF reveals a high prevalence of ventricular premature beats, which in many patients occur frequently or are complex according to Lown criteria. Ventricular tachycardia (three or more consecutive beats) has been recorded in 40% or more of the patient population. Whether the occurrence and/or severity of ventricular tachyarrhythmia detected on Holter electrocardiograms relates to the subsequent prognosis is, however, debated. The occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia may just be an expression of severely compromised left ventricular function, which, in turn, decides the subsequent outcome of the disease. Besides myocardial injury, patients with CHF have many factors that may contribute to the high prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias. Among these are elevated levels of plasma norepinephrine. Angiotensin II may increase the sensitivity to sympathetic nervous system arousal but also promotes renal loss of potassium and magnesium. Treatment with digitalis and diuretic drugs may provoke arrhythmias as well. Heart failure therapy may, however, also improve ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, it has been demonstrated that captopril therapy significantly reduces ventricular prematurity, compared with digitalis. In contrast, however, enalapril improvement of mortality was due to a reduction of progressive heart failure, with no difference seen in the incidence of sudden cardiac death (the CONSENSUS study).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Small Scale Contractors in Africa’s Emerging Markets: The Case of South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In South Africa, the development of Small scale emerging contractors (SSECs) has become vital to bring about economic prosperity and the government has prioritised the advancement of SSECs as the vehicle towards achieving economic growth, development and job creation for previously disadvantaged people. This paper reviewed related construction studies on small scale contractors and highlighted unique roles and challenges as they relate to emerging construction businesses. The paper established that the main challenges affecting SSECs included finance, skills shortage, enabling environment and competition. Based on data analysis, it is imperative for the South African government to develop a clear and more comprehensive small business contracting policies that would enhance growth and profitability of Small scale emerging contractors.
Language Acquisition and Use in Multilingual Contexts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume brings together current linguistic research in a range of pre¬dominantly multilingual contexts. The authors draw on data from different languages and speech communities around the world, and together the chapters offer a broad picture of language acquisition, development and use – among both children and adults. While this is a valuable undertaking in its own right, the main reason for this collection is to pay tribute to Gisela Hakansson on her 65th birthday. Throughout her career Gisela Hakansson has made, and continues to make, a very significant contribution to the field of linguistics, in particular through her research in first and second language acquisition, multilingualism and language impairment. The authors and editors of this volume have all collaborated with Gisela in one way or other: as partners in international and national research projects, or as colleagues, particularly in the Centre for Languages and Literature at Lund University, where she is professor of linguistics. (Less)
In Memoriam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Italian/Australian Mongolist and Sinologist Igor de Rachewiltz descended from a Lombardic noble family. His fascination with the Japanese script started when he was a little boy, and consequently he studied East Asian languages and culture. Among his teachers were Pasquale M. d’Elia and Giovanni Vacca in Rome. Enticed by the Mongolian script the student decided to focus on Mongol history and culture. He received a Ph.D. grant from the Australian National University and took his Ph.D. there with an intensive study on Yelü Chucai, the eminent statesman of the Mongol period of China. He made Canberra his home for his entire life and published a series of important works, such as a whole set of volumes of biographical materials for the Yuan dynasty and a careful, fully annotated three volume translation of the principal source of early Mongol history, the Secret History of the Mongols. Shortly before his passing he had the full translation (though without most of the copious notes and references) published in an open access version on the Internet. Among his last works were an Introduction to Altaic Philology (with V. Rybatzki) and an English translation of the Geser epic (not yet published). He was a splendid scholar and it is to be regretted that he was not able to establish a “school” to carry on his scholarly tradition in Australia.
Bilingualism and Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the final chapter we elaborate on how families and society can support bilingualism, starting from the observation that it is not sufficient to expose a child to two languages in order to attain native-like proficiency in both. In fact, supporting individuals’ development and maintenance of two languages requires important precautions. We discuss the role of linguistic input, from both quantitative and the qualitative points of view, and the importance of formal education in both languages for complete language development, including biliteracy. Moreover, we consider the importance of family and societal attitudes towards bilingualism, emphasizing that all languages should be appraised by the community, regardless of their prestige. We conclude by emphasizing that it is paramount that social policies disseminate correct information about bilingualism and encourage the maintenance of all languages in all of their components.
Biohybrid Vascular Graft Made of Textile‐Reinforced Elastin‐Like Recombinamers and Its Preservation via Drying Processes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Vascular grafts are crucial for treating cardiovascular diseases and providing vascular access for hemodialysis in end‐stage renal disease, conditions that affect millions of people globally. To address the persisting clinical need for better therapy for these conditions, new designs involving novel materials and innovative tissue‐engineered approaches are being developed. Successful clinical translation of such designs will require to ensure device safety, particularly sterility and mechanical integrity. The prevailing method for ensuring sterility is ethylene oxide sterilization, which requires a dry product. The challenge of drying biohybrid implants is substantial, as they contain multiple components (e.g., textile and hydrogel) with differing properties. To address this open question, the effects of different drying methods on the morphological and mechanical properties of biohybrid implants made from elastin‐like recombinamers (ELRs) are investigated. For that, mechanical characteristics defined in ISO 7198, as well as the cell attachment behavior on biohybrid vascular grafts, treated either with lyophilization (LYO) or CO 2 ‐based critical point drying, are compared. The results show that the applied drying method can significantly influence the properties of the scaffolds and highlight the importance of developing implant‐specific drying schemes that ensure its safety and functionality.
Semantic domains and supersens tagging for domain-specific ontology learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a novel unsupervised approach to learning domain-specific ontologies from large open-domain text collections. The method is based on the joint exploitation of Semantic Domains and Super Sense Tagging for Information Retrieval tasks. Our approach is able to retrieve domain specific terms and concepts while associating them with a set of high level ontological types, named supersenses, providing flat ontologies characterized by very high accuracy and pertinence to the domain.