jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlations between symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and in‐office computed tomography in post‐surgical chronic rhinosinusitis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives: To determine correlations between symptoms, nasal endoscopy findings, and computed tomography (CT) scan findings in post‐surgical chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Study Design: Cross‐sectional. Material and Methods: A total of 51 CRS patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) completed symptom questionnaires, underwent endoscopy, and received an in‐office sinus CT scan during one clinic visit. For metrics, we used the Sinonasal Outcomes Test‐20 (SNOT‐20) questionnaire, visual analog symptom scale (VAS), Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy scoring scale, and Lund‐MacKay (LM) CT scoring scale. We determined Pearson correlation coefficients, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) between scores for symptoms, endoscopy, and CT. Results: The SNOT‐20 score and most VAS symptoms had poor correlation coefficients with both endoscopy and CT scores (0.03–0.24). Nasal drainage of pus, nasal congestion, and impaired sense of smell had moderate correlation coefficients with endoscopy and CT (0.24–0.42). Endoscopy had a strong correlation coefficient with CT (0.76). Drainage, edema, and polyps had strong correlation coefficients with CT (0.80, 0.69, and 0.49, respectively). Endoscopy had a PPV of 92.5% and NPV of 45.5% for detecting an abnormal sinus CT (LM score ≥1). Conclusions: In post‐ESS CRS patients, most symptoms do not correlate well with either endoscopy or CT findings. Endoscopy and CT scores correlate well. Abnormal endoscopy findings have the ability to confidently rule in the presence of CT opacification, thus validating the importance of endoscopy in clinical decision making. However, a normal endoscopy cannot assure a normal CT. Thus, symptoms, endoscopy, and CT are complementary in the evaluation of the post‐ESS CRS patient. Laryngoscope, 2011
Interaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide. Chemiluminescence and peroxidation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with H2O2 was accompanied by a luminescence whose intensity was a function of the concentration of H2O2 and whose duration was coincident with the inactivation of the enzyme by this reagent. Oxygen, which protected against inactivation, also diminished the luminescence. Several other compounds which prevented the inactivation by H2O2 also modified the luminescence. Thus urate, formate, and triethylamine inhibited luminescence whereas imidazole and xanthine augmented it. These seemingly contrary effects can be explained by assuming that the compounds which protected the enzyme were peroxidized in competition with the sensitive group on the enzyme. The luminescence arises because that group on the enzyme was oxidized to a product in an electronically excited state, which could return to the ground state by emitting light. Imidazole and xanthine gave electronically excited products whose quantum efficiency was greater than that of the group on the enzyme, whereas urate, formate, and triethylamine gave products with much lower luminescent efficiencies. This superoxide dismutase could catalyze the peroxidation of a wide range of compounds, including ferrocytochrome c, luminol, diphenylisobenzofuran, dianisidine, and linoleic acid. In control experiments, boiled enzyme was inactive. This peroxidative activity can lead to unexpected effects when superoxide dismutase is added to H2O2-producing systems, as a probe for the involvement of O2-. Several examples from the literature are cited to illustrate the misinterpretations which this previously unrecognized peroxidative activity can generate.
Research on Monopsonistic Models and Magnitude of Minimum Wage’s Effects on Employment Level

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Modern labour economics has been focusing on the topic of the effects of minimum wage on employment level. Empirical studies have found that an introduction of minimum wage may increase employment level under certain circumstances. Some theoretical researches are also developed later. Most of these theoretical studies are based on the model of monopsonistic competition, which seems to be commonly existing in the general market. However, it seems that several problems still exist within the models. First, a plausible assumption that firms will always earn a normal profit may result in our underestimation in minimum wage’s positive effect on employment levels. This paper would discuss a possibility that firms usually earn sustained supernormal profit in the general market in reality. Second, the original model of monopsony supposes that the marginal revenue curve of labour would not shift after an introduction of minimum wage. However, in the real world settings, companies may well adjust their employment levels of other factors such as capital after the introduction of minimum wage, and this process may influence the MR curve for labour. This paper, however, takes account of this effect and tries to establish a more accurate model to anticipate minimum wage’s effect on labour employment levels for each firm.
Late-onset pericardial tamponade, bilateral pleural effusions and recurrent immune monoarthritis induced by ipilimumab use for metastatic melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While an important agent in the contemporary anti-melanoma armamentarium, ipilimumab is associated with serious immune reactions including late immune-mediated side effects. Recently, a case of late-onset acute pericarditis with tamponade was reported at 12 weeks after the last dose of ipilimumab. While polyarthralgia rheumatica has been previously documented with ipilimumab, we were not able to find any reports of recurrent monoarthritis with the use of this agent. Therefore, we present herein a unique case featuring a patient with late-onset autoimmune pleuropericarditis leading to cardiac tamponade at 24 weeks post-ipilimumab and recurrent late immune knee arthritis at 8 and 32 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, this late-onset toxicity seen with ipilimumab might also be expected with the PD1 inhibitors currently in clinical use. Timely diagnosis and prompt steroid use are crucial to ensure favorable clinical outcomes in these patients.
Memorable Tourist Experiences in National Parks: Impacts on Future Intentions and Environmentally Responsible Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate how national parks, identified as remarkable and, therefore, worthy of the trip, are visited and experienced. The main objective of this study was to explore the influence of memorable tourism experiences on environmentally responsible behavior, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions as its outcome. By giving an account of how national parks may be experienced by nature-based tourists, its main focus is on the concept of memorable nature-based tourist experience (MNBTE). The data for this research were collected through a survey from tourists visiting national parks in Serbia. The results demonstrate the significance of MNBTE as an important relationship mediator. The study’s key contributions are the extension of the memorable tourism experience construct and the inclusion of tourist satisfaction, intention to revisit, recommend, share the experience, and the environmental responsibility of tourists. Practical implications and potential future research approaches are also highlighted in the conclusion.
AN IMPROVED ESTIMATOR OF DISTORTION RISK PREMIUMS UNDER DEPENDENCE INSURED RISKS WITH HEAVY-TAILED MARGINALS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reinsurance is a risk mitigating tool, constituting an important instrument in the management of risk of an insurance company where dependencies and the heavy-tailed nature should be taken into account. When transferring risk, the cedent seeks a trade-off between profit and safety, which is on the nature of the insured underlying risk and on the reinsurance premium calculation principle. Statistical estimations on reinsurance premiums in the heavy-tailed context have been largely studied in the literature, however, only recently dependencies among risks have been considered. In this paper, we propose an improved estimator of distortion risk premiums for dependence re-insured loses with heavy-tailed marginals. Our proposal is based on the extreme value methodology, which offers satisfactory statistical results for such distributions. Moreover, we establish its asymptotic distribution, and through a simulation study, we illustrate its behavior in terms of the absolute bias and the median squared error. The simulation results clearly show that our estimator works well. Received: March 14, 2023Revised: May 23, 2023Accepted: June 9, 2023
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using 3D Printing by Science Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

3D printing transforms abstract contexts into more concrete ones and effectively enhances creativity. The purpose of this study is to explore the benefits and challenges teachers face in using 3D printing. The research method used in this study involved a narrative review of various literatures related to the use of 3D printing by science teachers. The results of this study show that there are benefits in using 3D printing as well as barriers experienced by science teachers. The benefits obtained by teachers are not only limited to themselves but also colleagues due to collaboration and of course for students. Teachers' pedagogical skills in designing lessons and using technology also experienced positive changes. Meanwhile, the obstacles in using 3D printing are also felt by teachers such as limited teacher skills, availability of tools and the use of tools that are relatively time-consuming.
Diapriinae Wasps (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae) Associated with Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Argentina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We provide an overview of diapriid wasps associated with ants in Argentina and the diversity of interactions they have developed with their hosts. As a result, we report 16 species of nine genera of Diapriinae, two new geographic distributions, three new association records, illustrations, and photographs. We highlight myrmecophile symphylic species, with a high degree of integration with the host ants, adaptation being morphological and behavioral. A table with diapriid species and ant hosts is given.
Android skin cancer detection and classification based on MobileNet v2 model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The latest developments in the smartphone-based skin cancer diagnosis application allow simple ways for portable melanoma risk assessment and diagnosis for early skin cancer detection. Due to the trade-off problem (time complexity and error rate) on using a smartphone to run a machine learning algorithm for image analysis, most of the skin cancer diagnosis apps execute the image analysis on the server. In this study, we investigate the performance of skin cancer images detection and classification on android devices using the MobileNet v2 deep learning model. We compare the performance of several aspects; object detection and classification method, computer and android based image analysis, image acquisition method, and setting parameter. Skin cancer actinic Keratosis and Melanoma are used to test the performance of the proposed method. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and running time of the testing methods are used for the measurement. Based on the experiment results, the best parameter for the MobileNet v2 model on android using images from the smartphone camera produces 95% accuracy for object detection and 70% accuracy for classification. The performance of the android app for object detection and classification model was feasible for the skin cancer analysis. Android-based image analysis remains within the threshold of computing time that denotes convenience for the user and has the same performance accuracy with the computer for the high-quality images. These findings motivated the development of disease detection processing on android using a smartphone camera, which aims to achieve real-time detection and classification with high accuracy.
How Important Is the Dental Health Program?—Nationally? Locally?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

How Important Is the Dental Health Program?—Nationally? Locally? Ira V. Hiscock CopyRight*Read at a Joint Meeting of the American School Health Association and the Oral Health Group of the American Public Health Association at the Seventieth Annual Meeting in Atlantic City, N. J., October 15, 1941. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.32.2.159 Published Online: August 29, 2011
PLEXBASE: A Digital Model of the Brachial Plexus

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The brachial plexus is a complex anatomic structure. No object oriented models of the plexus are described previously. The project goal was to develop an object oriented brachial plexus model. An object oriented model of the plexus called PLEXBASE has been created using Lisp. Interface functions were developed to query the knowledge base. Using logic programming and backchaining rule-base, decision support rules to diagnose plexus disorders were developed. Development of plexus disorder benchmarks was done to exercise the rule-base. Testing of rules against benchmarks was completed. The sensitivity of each diagnostic rule set (for the corresponding benchmark) was 100%. The brachial plexus model and associated software is comprehensive and accurate for anatomic study and clinical analysis of this important structure.
Dermanyssus gallinae

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

2.1. D. gallinae The mites were raised in vivo in a feeding system as previously described (Wang et al., 2018). Briefly a metal cage was put into a plastic storage box. Three 5-day-old chicks were kept in the cage as host animals for mites. The birds were provided with water and fed ad libitum. Traps were made of 10 mL plastic centrifuge tubes and disposable folded breathing masks at the bottom of cage to monitor and recover mites. Petroleum jelly was evenly applied to the edges of the storage box to prevent mites from escaping. The in vivo feeding system was maintained at temperature 30 ◦ C, 75% relative humidity (RH), with a light intensity of approximately 3600 lux for 12:12 h (L:D) photoperiod. The chicks were housed under a protocol approved by the Laboratory Animal Institute of China Agricultural University within Beijing Animal Use and Care Association (Approval No. AW 03902202-2-9).
Spirituality in the Workplace

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper represents an exploration into the difference in the perceived source of calling and the related work outcomes (i.e. living out a call, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction) between Indian and Ugandan leaders. The preliminary test results, except for living out a calling by the source of calling among Indian leaders, are consistent with earlier findings. There are no major differences among the three principal sources of calling on levels of living a calling, job satisfaction, or life satisfaction. The Indian nationality with a higher score on the individualism dimension than the Ugandan nationality exhibits significant differences among the three key sources of calling on levels of living a calling. Among the three hypothesized sources of calling, perfect fit had the highest frequency of endorsement, adding credence to previous findings by Duffy, Allan, Bott, and Dik (2014). The interpretations offered need further empirical exploration and investigation. Future research could test different levels of attentiveness with hypothesized sources of calling.
Genome-wide identification, characterisation, and evolution of ABF/AREB subfamily in nine Rosaceae species and expression analysis in mei (Prunus mume)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rosaceae is an important family containing some of the highly evolved fruit and ornamental plants. Abiotic stress responses play key roles in the seasonal growth and development of plants. However, the molecular basis of stress responses remains largely unknown in Rosaceae. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone involving abiotic stress response pathways. The ABRE-binding factor/ABA-responsive element-binding protein (ABF/AREB) is a subfamily of the basic domain/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family. It plays an important role in the ABA-mediated signaling pathway. Here, we analyzed the ABF/AREB subfamily genes in nine Rosaceae species. A total of 64 ABF/AREB genes were identified, including 18, 28, and 18 genes in the Rosoideae, Amygdaloideae, and Maloideae traditional subfamilies, respectively. The evolutionary relationship of the ABF/AREB subfamily genes was studied through the phylogenetic analysis, the gene structure and conserved motif composition, Ka/Ks values, and interspecies colinearity. These gene sets were clustered into four groups. In the Prunus ABF/AREB ( PmABF ) promoters, several cis -elements related to light, hormone, and abiotic stress response were predicted. PmABFs expressed in five different tissues, except PmABF5 , which expressed only in buds. In the dormancy stages, PmABF1 , 2 , 5 and 7 showed differential expression. The expression of PmABF3 , 4 and 6 was positively correlated with the ABA concentration. Except for PmABF5 , all the PmABFs were sensitive to ABA. Several ABRE elements were contained in the promoters of PmABF1 , 3 , 6 , 7 . Based on the findings of our study, we speculate that PmABFs may play a role in flower bud dormancy in P. mume .
What do Climate Change, Nutrition, and the Environment Have to do With Mental Health?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Climate change is becoming the most significant global challenge and must be addressed on a global scale. At the time that this article is being written, the planetary heat in 2023 was the hottest on record. Similarly, the World Health Organization reports that 99% of the world’s population lives in regions of unhealthy air pollution. Similarly, depression has become one of the leading causes of global mental and physical disabilities, and the impact of depression is predicted to only worsen over the next 25 years. It is interesting to note that climate experts often overlook the adoption of nutrition via a whole plant-based diet as a solution to both mental illness and climate change. In this review, we will touch upon the role of nutrition in gut microbiota and mental health, the impact diet has on greenhouse gases, the role of ultra-processed food, and environmental factors such as air pollution and increasing planetary heat and their growing impacts on mental health. In the end, the promotion of plant-based foods has the potential to improve personal mental and physical health while improving planetary health.
Impact of facies and diagenetic variability on permeability and fluid flow in an oolitic grainstone—Pleistocene Miami Oolite

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Miami Oolite of South Florida is representative of a grainstone‐rich carbonate unit that has been surficially karsted, and therefore may be considered as an analogue for subsurface reservoirs/aquifers with ‘high’ permeability extremes. The deposit can potentially serve to improve a conceptual understanding of heterogeneity as imparted by shallow‐marine facies changes and early meteoric diagenetic modification. Reviewed here are recent studies of the Miami Oolite with the intent to emphasize those key aspects of the facies and early diagenesis that most impact permeability and fluid flow. The Miami Oolite displays the preserved morphology of a fossilized ooid sandbody, even though it has been subaerially exposed in a tropical climate since its deposition approximately 120 kyr bp during the last interglacial highstand. The depositional motif is one of a dip‐oriented, tidal bar belt of shoals and shallow channels fronted by a strike‐oriented barrier bar. The barrier bar comprises cross‐stratified grainstones and locally burrowed grain/packstones, while the tidal shoals and channels are more commonly burrowed pack/grainstones. Surficial karst features (dolines and stratiform caves) have been added during the ca 120 kyr of subaerial exposure, but of more significance is the associated solution‐enhancement of the widespread burrowed facies. Since the Miami Oolite is the uppermost portion of the Biscayne Aquifer, there is also an understanding of fluid flow through the deposit that sheds valuable insight on the larger scale, shallow subsurface plumbing. The pore system comprises matrix pores (interparticle and separate vugs) and touching‐vug macropores that are commonly associated with burrowed [ Ophiomorpha ] intervals. Ground‐penetrating radar, well and flow test data indicate that matrix porosity provides most of the groundwater storage, whereas the touching vug macropores account for the majority of flow. The dolines and shallow caves seem to be sufficiently spaced as to generally not be in direct connection, with the result that they are less important in terms of regional flow than the prevailing pore system.
Location and Interaction in Row-and-Column Seating Arrangements

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The verbal behavior, physical locations, and seat preferences of members of large groups assembled in row-and-column seating arrangements were investigated. In several trials of the experiment subjects had been categorized a priori as "high," "moderate," or "low" in respect to verbalization rates and then were randomly assigned to seats without regard for these rates. Subsequent research procedures revealed that location significantly affected the verbalization rates of the "highs" and the "moderates." Centrally located seats were associated with significantly higher verbalization rates on the part of their occupants than were noncentrally located seats. These findings confirmed the observations of previous investigators that there is an "ecology of participation" in classrooms which may make it possible to predict from which locations most verbalizations would emanate. Through the administration of a projective procedure it was also revealed that "high" verbalizers chose central seats to a greater degree and extent than did "low" verbalizers. The seat preferences of "high" and "moderate" verbalizers also differed significantly; "high" verbalizers preferred central seats to a greater extent than did "moderate" verbalizers. Some aspects of coping theory were offered as a possible explanation of this behavior.