jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Type 1 diabetes in Sweden

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COVID19 is regarded as a lifethreatening infection for most people, but especially certain risk-groups including diabetes, and has therefore caused lockdown of societies which may have deleterious consequences.Many countries have taken steps to shut down schools, companies and businesses, and entire countries have been isolated.These drastic measures will have serious consequences for economy, psychosocial situation and health.There is a risk that people with other diseases like diabetes do not get ordinary adequate care.Sweden has as the only country chosen another policy with recommended isolation of the most vulnerable populations, mainly people older than 70 years of age, and volontary isolation of others who have eg serious lung disease och extreme obesity.For everybody physical distancing, increased hygiene, at home when symptoms of COVID19, crowds < 50 people etc Otherwise open shops, open restaurants, open schools.In the care of children and adolscents with Type 1 diabetes has some ordinary visits to the diabetesteam been replaced by telemedicine.Quality has remained the same as 2018 and 2019 with national mean HbA1c 53.8 mmol/mol ( 95% CI 53-5-54.1)during Jan 1-April 28, 2020 and the proportion of patients with HbA1c < 57 mmol/l was 67.3% ( 95% CI 66-68.6%).Type 1 diabetes has not been a risk factor for severe COVID19, and no children with T1D are among those who have needed Intensive Care or who have died.
Assessment of climate change impact on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production and adaptation strategies in the western zone of Tamil Nadu

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study examines the possible effects of climate change on sorghum in the western zone (WZ) comprising Coimbatore, Tirupur, and Erode districts of Tamil Nadu. The DSSAT crop simulation model was used to simulate sorghum yields with considering various planting dates and amounts of fertilizer application. The downscaled CCSM4 climate model data was utilized for the historical baseline period spanning from 1991 to 2020, as well as for future projected data from 2021 to 2099, under the RCP 4.5 scenarios. The key findings indicate that there is a projected yield decline range of -1.3% to 12.5% for the near century (2021-2040), -6.2% to -23.7% for the mid-century (2041-2070), and -12.6% to -30.5% for the end century (2071-2099). The sorghum yield experiences a high decrease at the end of the century (276.83 kg ha-1), mid-century (178.16 kg ha-1), and lastly in the near century (89.4 kg ha-1). The study revealed that a enhanced fertilizer application can have a minor positive effect on sorghum productivity. The study underscores the significant threat that climate change poses to food security in Tamil Nadu and emphasizes the need for adaptation strategies to protect agricultural productivity.
Data from: Costs of migratory decisions: a comparison across eight white stork populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Annual migratory movements can range from a few tens to thousands of kilometers, creating unique energetic requirements for each specific species and journey. Even within the same species, migration costs can vary largely because of flexible, opportunistic life history strategies. We uncover the large extent of variation in the lifetime migratory decisions of young white storks originating from eight populations. Not only did juvenile storks differ in their geographically distinct wintering locations, their diverse migration patterns also affected the amount of energy individuals invested for locomotion during the first months of their life. Overwintering in areas with higher human population reduced the stork’s overall energy expenditure because of shorter daily foraging trips, closer wintering grounds, or a complete suppression of migration. Because migrants can change ecological processes in several distinct communities simultaneously, understanding their life history decisions helps not only to protect migratory species but also to conserve stable ecosystems.
Potentiating the Systemic Immunity by Bacteria‐Delivered Sting Activation in a Tumor Microenvironment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) connects the innate immunity to potent adaptive immunity via multiple pathways, which play a critical role in cancer treatment. Clinical application of STING agonists is mainly restrained due to the metabolic instability caused by intrinsic cyclic dinucleotide ligands. Previously, an orally available non‐nucleotide human STING agonist, MSA‐2 is presented, and to further improve its therapeutic efficacy, this work leverages the nonpathogenic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for tumor‐targeted delivery of the STING agonist by coating biocompatible polydopamine on the bacterial surface, termed as PDMN. The engineered bacterial delivery platform holds potential in elevating levels of type I interferon (IFN) along with proinflammatory cytokines and inducing maturation on dendritic cells. Intravenous administration of PDMN with laser irradiation to the tumor region promotes IFN‐β expression in a tumor microenvironment and mounts both the innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to profound regressions of established melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. By synergized with anti‐PD‐1 therapy, a substantial long‐lived protective immunity is generated, capable of preventing distant tumor metastases. Hence, this study identifies a STING‐amplified biotherapy to shape the cell‐mediated antitumor immunity, serving as a potential personalized cancer vaccine with enhanced biosafety and immune activation profile for diverse applications.
Public Danger of a Person as a Basis for Applying Compulsory Medical Measures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors argue that the danger posed by a person, used by the court as a basis for authorizing compulsive medical measures, should be considered to be public danger because this person could commit a new infringement on public relations protected by criminal law. The analysis of the practice of court decisions on compulsory medical measures in 2010–2020 in Tomsk and Novosibirsk Regions is use to develop criteria for determining the content of public danger posed by such a person. These criteria are the features of a publicly dangerous act that has already been committed (its focus on relations protected by criminal law, the degree on harm inflicted on these relations, the number of previously committed identical or similar acts), as well as the symptoms of a mental disorder which testify that a person has got a violent, mercenary or violent-mercenary motivation. The differentiation of compulsory medical measures applied to a person is based on the degree of public danger that this person poses. It is suggested that the probability of a person’s committing a new publicly dangerous act with a violent or mercenary-violent motivation should be viewed as a basis for sending that person to a psychiatric hospital for compulsory treatment. As for using this treatment for persons who are likely to commit new publicly dangerous act with a mercenary motivation, it is suggested that the decision should depend on the regularity of committing actions with such a motivation because the public danger is posed not so much by the gravity of the action as by its repeat character.
Different approaches for detection of Xylella fastidiosa by molecular techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present work was presented in the framework of the Joint Annual Meeting of the EU Horizon 2020 Projects POnTE ‘Pest Organisms Threatening Europe' (GA 635646) and XF-ACTORS ‘Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy' (GA 727987).
Cocaine-Induced Intermittent Purpuric Lesions of the Auricle: An Increasing Entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new challenge to the medical community is presented with Levamisole, an antihelmintic immunomodulatory agent, recently used in combination with cocaine to enhance its psychoactive effects.The prevalence of cocaine induced vasculopathy is increasing and physicians need to be aware of this emerging condition due to its serious possible complications.We report a case of intermittent purpuric skin lesions located in the auricles in a patient with regular cocaine consumption and a review of this distinctive clinical syndrome described linked to levamisole-adultered cocaine.A high index of suspicion should be kept in mind if this is considered a potential cause for purpuric intermittent lesions in cocaine abusers.To aid the diagnosis a punch biopsy associated with an extensive workup including immunologic testing is recommended.There are several clinical and laboratory findings that support a diagnosis of Levamisole induced vasculitis, including ANCA positivity, specific anti-HNE antibodies and auricle involvement, that help distinguish this condition from autoimmune vasculitis.Regardless, no optimal treatment has been described, steroids have been used preventing progressive damage but complete withdrawal is indispensable.
The Social Studies Curriculum Standards in Junior Secondary Schools; Input to Quality Instruction and Students’ Civic Competence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Appraisal on the adequacy of Social Studies Curriculum Standards in ten Themes was the main objective of the research study.This endeavor was intended to provide input to quality Social Studies instruction in the Kto12 Basic Education Program and to help contribute to an enhanced students' civic competence.The study utilized the quantitative descriptive research design with the questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data from one hundred teachers in Department of Education, Zone 1, Division of Zambales, the Philippines during the School Year, 2017-2018.Findings established high adequacy of Social Studies Curriculum Standards on Themes: Culture;
A Novel Simple Visual Tracking Algorithm Based on Hashing and Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep network has been proven efficient and robust to capture object features in some conditions. It still remains in the stage of classifying or detecting objects. In the field of visual tracking, deep network has not been applied widely. One of the reasons is that its time consuming made the strong method could not meet the speed need of visual tracking. A novel simple tracker is proposed to complete tracking task. A simple six-layer feed-forward backpropagation neural network is applied to capture object features. Nevertheless, this representation is not robust enough when illumination changes or drastic scale changes in dynamic condition. To improve the performance and not to increase much time spent, image perceptual hashing method is employed, which extracts low frequency information of object as its fingerprint to recognize the object from its structure. 64-bit characters are calculated by it, and they are utilized to be the bias terms of the neutral network. This leads more significant improvement for performance of extracting sufficient object features. Then we take particle filter to complete the tracking process with the proposed representation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust compared with the state-of-the-art tracking methods.
Materials Data on Cs2BeO2 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cs2BeO2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded to five equivalent O2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing CsO5 square pyramids. There are one shorter (3.00 Å) and four longer (3.19 Å) Cs–O bond lengths. Be2+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Be–O bond lengths are 1.44 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five equivalent Cs1+ and one Be2+ atom.
Modeling an Emergency Operations Centers with Agents

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA) operates the State Operations Center, which is the centralized hub for all communications regarding state operations, with respect to emergency response. The center provides three primary functions: request for information, request for assistance, and media relations. The center has responsibility for the entire process of servicing an emergency, from instigation to communication to execution to ending service for the emergency. To accomplish this, the center is set up like a production facility, which follows a well-defined process articulated in a plan. In this project, we worked with GEMA to develop a simulation of the center. The simulation, called GEMASim, models the information flow among people working within the center, as well as the flow of information coming into and leaving the center. Data is presented on the initial experiments with GEMASim using two different scenarios.
Wavelet Integrated CNN With Dynamic Frequency Aggregation for High-Speed Train Wheel Wear Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The wheel wear status of high-speed trains (HSTs) is an essential indicator of their safety and reliability. However, due to the time-varying operating state of HSTs, noisy and complex non-stationary signals are collected. This makes it difficult for data-driven algorithms to learn valuable discriminative features from data. Therefore, this inspired us to introduce signal analysis methods with clear physical meaning to improve the interpretability and performance of prediction models. This paper proposes a novel multi-layer wavelet integrated convolutional neural network (MWI-Net) for predicting HST wheel-wear. Specifically, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) extends the feature learning space of CNN from the time domain to the wavelet domain, thereby capturing the frequency features that are difficult to learn in the time domain. As a remarkable information space, the DWT can effectively alleviate the frequency aliasing problem, enabling MWI-Net to distinguish valuable frequency information from complex signals. In particular, the proposed dynamic frequency aggregation mechanism endows MWI-Net with excellent frequency analysis and feature selection capabilities. Experiments on the real operation dataset of CRH1A HSTs show that MWI-Net accurately predicts the wheel wear curves, which is more competitive than existing deep learning methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feature learning mechanism inside MWI-Net through visual analysis and illustrate how it optimizes and extracts valuable features layer by layer.
Efficacy of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil with epidural analgesia for post-cesarean section analgesia: a multi-center, prospective, randomized, blinded trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BackgroundEpidural analgesia provided satisfactory analgesic effects of incision pain after cesarean section. However, uterine contraction pain is also a common complication that cannot be relieved despite adequate levels of sensory blockade by epidural analgesia. This study evaluates the effect of flurbiprofen axetil with patient-controlled epidural analgesia on incision pain and uterine contraction pain after cesarean section.MethodsA multi-center, prospective, randomized, blinded trial was performed. 1000 obstetric patients scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomized to receive epidural analgesia with intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (group EF) or placebo (group E) postoperatively. The primary outcomes were incision pain and uterine contraction pain score 48 hours after a cesarean section. Secondary outcomes were the PCEA attempts, the incidence of complication, satisfaction scores, and return of gastrointestinal (GI) function.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between groups. The VAS of uterine contraction pain was significantly lower in group EF than in group E from 12 hours to 48 hours after cesarean delivery (P < 0.01). The VAS of incision pain at rest and on movement was lower in group EF than in group E from 12 hours to 48 hours after cesarean delivery. While sitting or walking, the VAS of incision pain was lower in group EF compared with that in group E. GI function recovered faster in group EF than that in group E (15 ± 6 vs. 25 ± 12, 95%CI 5.7 to 8.7, P < 0.01). The satisfaction scores are higher in group EF than that in group E (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.5, 95%CI -0.36 to -0.11, P < 0.01).ConclusionCombination flurbiprofen axetil with PCEA provides more effective analgesia for uterine contraction pain and incision pain after cesarean section, with a higher quality of recovery and better satisfaction scores.Trials RegistrationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (IRB2017062201) and written informed consent was obtained from his or her parents or legal guardians for each pediatric patient in the trial. The trial was registered before patient enrollment at chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-IOR-17011956, Principal investigator: Ying-Jun She, Date of registration: 2017.07.12). Written informed consent was obtained from patients in the study.
A high-speed algorithm for propagation-type labeling based on block sorting of runs in binary images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A fast algorithm for component labeling of binary images is proposed. Component labeling is an important method for separation of objects in document image understanding, especially in character and picture extraction. The proposed algorithm is based on sorting and tracking of runs and label propagation to the connected runs. Each scan line is partitioned into small segments, i.e. blocks and runs on the scan line are sorted according to the block sequence to speed up tracking of runs. It was ascertained by experiment that the processing time is 16.7 times faster than that of the conventional pixel-based labeling method.< >
Directions in Evolutionary Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

[Figure: see text] ▪ Abstract In order to understand both the past and future directions of research in evolutionary biology we need to begin by understanding in what way these programs of research differ from the model of most scientific work. The study of evolutionary processes and, in particular, the genetics of the evolutionary process must confront special difficulties in both the conceptual and the methodological aspects of research. On the conceptual side, unlike for molecular, cellular, and developmental biology, there is no basic mechanism that evolutionists are attempting to elucidate. There is no single cause of the evolutionary change in the properties of members of a species. Natural selection may be involved but so are random events, patterns of migration and interbreeding, mutational events, and horizontal transfer of genes across species boundaries. The change in each character of each species is a consequence of a particular mixture of these causal pathways.
Innovation Ecosystem Perspectives on Financial Services Innovation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The context of financial services has been characterised by changes in the \nregulatory, technological and societal landscape. Consumers are increasingly \ninterested in mobile payments, crowdfunding and microfinance services, \neither for themselves or because collaborative consumption is viewed as a \nmore sustainable. Retail branches are re-organised to further meet the \nexpectations of customers, start-ups focusing on technology for financial \nservices (i.e. Fintech) are ever growing and financial services companies \nreinforce their own innovation practices (e.g. creation of innovation labs or \nventure capital investment funds). \nThe innovation ecosystem around financial services companies represents the \nmany actors with whom they can co-create and co-produce innovative new \nservices for their customers (or for themselves). The innovation process is no \nlonger a closed internal effort but needs to include external actors from the \ninnovation ecosystem. This topic is especially interesting in a small and open \neconomy where the financial centre takes a prominent place in the economy. \nThe research question is therefore “How does the innovation ecosystem \ninfluence the innovation process within financial services companies?”. \nThe influence of the innovation ecosystem on the innovation process within \nfinancial service companies mainly comes from its social capital and value \ncreation efforts. However learning to work and exchange in an innovation \necosystem is also expected to influence the innovation process in place. \nRealizing the potential of the innovation ecosystem requires sufficient \ncapabilities to manage new information coming from the innovation \necosystem. The professional associations provide the necessary coordination \namong actors in the innovation ecosystem to co-create and appropriate value, \nwhile fostering co-evolution within the innovation ecosystem.
[Antiphospholipid syndrome and the kidney diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the most common connective tissue disease (CTD) in man. Renal involvement in APS is poorly recognized. The renal manifestations of APS may result from thrombosis occurring at any location within the renal vasculature. The clinical syndromes of renal involvement in APS includes renal artery stenosis, arterial hypertension, APS nephropathy--with variable degrees of severity, extension and chronic microangiopathy, renal vein thrombosis, renalfailure, allograft vascular thrombosis. Clinical symptoms of APS includes hypertension, nephritic or nephrotic syndrome, acute renal insufficiency, chronic kidney disease and reduced survival of renal allografts. Recently a new subset of the APS is proposed--microangiopathic antiphospholipid syndrome (MAPS) comprising those patients presenting with thrombotic microangiopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies. Effective, full anticoagulation is a treatment of choice in any patients with APS and renal involvement.
Cigarette-Smoking Intensity and Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Conversion among Persons Who Inject Drugs: A Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We analyzed data from a longitudinal cohort study of persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico, to explore whether cigarette smoking increases the risk of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) conversion. PWID were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS). QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) assay conversion was defined as interferon-gamma concentrations <0.35 IU/mL at baseline and ≥0.7 IU/mL at 18 months. We used multivariable Poisson regression adjusted for RDS weights to estimate risk ratios (RRs). Of 129 eligible participants, 125 (96.9%) smoked at least one cigarette during followup with a median of 11 cigarettes smoked daily, and 52 (40.3%) had QFT conversion. In bivariate analysis, QFT conversion was not associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (P=0.716). Controlling for age, gender, education, and alcohol use, the RRs of QFT conversion for smoking 6–10, 11–15, and ≥16 cigarettes daily compared to smoking 0–5 cigarettes daily were 0.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–1.6), 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3–1.2), and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.3–1.6), respectively. Although this study did not find an association between self-reported smoking intensity and QFT conversion, it was not powered sufficiently to negate such an association. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to fully explore this relationship.