jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Winter 2009–2010: A case study of an extreme Arctic Oscillation event

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Winter 2009–2010 made headlines for extreme cold and snow in most of the major population centers of the industrialized countries of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The major teleconnection patterns of the Northern Hemisphere, El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) were of moderate to strong amplitude, making both potentially key players during the winter of 2009–2010. The dominant NH winter circulation pattern can be shown to have originated with a two‐way stratosphere‐troposphere interaction forced by Eurasian land surface and lower tropospheric atmospheric conditions during autumn. This cycle occurred twice in relatively quick succession contributing to the record low values of the AO observed. Using a skillful winter temperature forecast, it is shown that the AO explained a greater variance of the observed temperature pattern across the extratropical landmasses of the NH than did ENSO.
The Dialogical Dynamics of Adaptive Paraconsistency

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The dialogical approach to paraconsistency as developed by Rahman and Camielli ([1]), Rahman and
Roetti ([2]) and
Rahman ([3], [4] and [5]) suggests a way ofstudying the dynamic process ofarguing with
inconsistencies.
In his paper on Paraconsistency and Dialogue Logic ([6]) Van Bendegem suggests that an
adaptive version of paraconsistency is the natuml way of capturing the inherent dynamics of
dialogues. The aim of this paper is to develop a fomulation of dialogical paraconsistent logic in
the spirit of an adaptive approach and 'Which explores the possibility of eliminating
inconsistencies by tœans oflogicalpreference stmtegies.
Humidity Sensor Performance Based ZnO/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanorods Structure Using Different ZnO Seed Layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates performance of ZnO/SnO 2 nanorods structure thin film deposited at two different ZnO seed layer (ZnO seed A and ZnO seed B) for humidity sensor application. ZnO seed A and ZnO seed B were deposited using two different method which were sputtering method and spin coating method respectively. ZnO/SnO 2 nanorods structure thin film that has been prepared on ZnO seed A and ZnO seed B using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The structural properties have been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) (JEOL JSM 6701F). Base on the FESEM image the size of ZnO seed A and ZnO seed B were ranging around 75 to 85 nm and 17 to 21 nm respectively. The results analyzed were for ZnO/SnO 2 composite nanorods structure size on ZnO seed A and ZnO seed B were averagely around 18 nm to 29 nm. The sensor properties were characterized by using current-voltage (I-V) measurement (Keithley 2400). ZnO/SnO 2 nanorods structure thin film deposited on ZnO Seed A performed highest sensitivity with 265 ratio compare to ZnO/SnO 2 nanorods structure thin film deposited on ZnO Seed B with 75 ratio of sensitivity.
Analysis of lifestyle and physical culture and sports of students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ARTICLE RETRACTEDThe article reviewed the importance and necessity of sport and physical education at the present stage. The article describes the trend of health deterioration of young people as the consequence of a wrong lifestyle, alcohol, tobacco products, narcotic drugs‘use. The reasons of disregard for the healthy lifestyle and the consequences of misuse of the daily routine are presented.The reasons of the emergence and sport development and its history, the analysis of sport nature and physical education in the modern society were also considered in this article. It is shown the necessity and importance of sports and physical education at the present stage of the society development. Some factors that prevent globalization and widespread dissemination of sport and physical culture were introduced. Possible ways of solving these problems were put forward, motivational sphere for the formation of the active position in the field of healthy lifestyle was proposed in the research.
Nonlinear suppression of range ambiguities in pulse-diverseradar

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Coherent pulse train processing gives improved Doppler resolution, compared to single pulse processing, but introduces range and Doppler ambiguities. Diversely coded pulse trains produce a weighted composite ambiguity function at the origin and cross-ambiguity terms at multiples of the pulse repetition interval. An idealised nonlinear suppression operator is introduced to suppress these terms, effectively reducing the total volume under the ambiguity surface. Nonlinear suppression is introduced to approximate ideal suppression operation and illustrated by example.
Mapping the Contours of Neoliberal Educational Restructuring: A Review of Recent Neo‐Marxist Studies of Education and Racial Capitalist Considerations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article Clayton Pierce reviews three books representative of the recent neo‐Marxist literature on education: David Blacker's The Falling Rate of Learning and the Neoliberal Endgame , John Marsh's Class Dismissed: Why We Cannot Teach or Learn Our Way out of Inequality , and Pauline Lipman's The New Political Economy of Urban Education: Neoliberalism, Race, and the Right to the City . His analysis of these books focuses on how each author remains consistent or advances traditional Marxist interpretations of the role of education in capitalist society. In addition, he puts the arguments of each author into conversation with W. E. B. Du Bois's analysis of schooling in a racial capitalist society — what he called caste education — as a way to generate discussion around some of the inherent limitations of Marxist studies of education. Here, Pierce is particularly concerned with the ability of neo‐Marxist analyses of the neoliberal restructuring of education to articulate how white supremacy is preserved even in revolutionary critiques of capitalist schooling.
Price Duration Using Daily Online Data: Time- or State-Dependent?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using daily retail prices gathered through web scraping in Mexico, we analyze if price changes can be characterized by time-dependent features, like the duration of the price spell, and/or by variables associated with the state of the economy. Through the lens of a duration model, we find evidence of both time- and state-dependency behavior. Favoring time-dependency, on the one hand, estimates indicate that price spells exhibit greater risk of ending every seven days relative to other days in between. Advocating for state-dependency, the probability of price changes seems to be affected by variations in the USD/MXN exchange rate, variations in real point of sales expenditures and the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, leveraging data gathered via direct visits to brick-and-mortar stores, we also find time-dependency and state-dependency in the duration of price spells.
Green, Closed Loop, and Reverse Supply Chain: A literature review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper is the first attempt in reviewing and categorizing the literature in three different fields of supply chain including: Green Supply Chain (GSC), Closed Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) and Reverse Supply Chain (RSC) those are partially interconnected. For this reason, each one of these three topics has been divided into several criteria and each criterion is a review of several similar issues. This research aims to: Clarify the different area undergone the researcher’s investigation in the three mentioned filed of supply chain management; Show the differences and similarities of green supply chain management, closed loop, supply chain management and Reverse supply chain management; Provide researchers with future research directions in these three fields. This research tries to reach the mentioned objectives through reviewing the other research and summarizing them in parts. The first part will discuss what has been done and second part is reviewing what have been found. Finding also discusses what is done regarding these three topics and their boundaries as well as recommendations for future works (What can be done).
Saltwater tolerance of Oreochromis niloticus(NEW GIFTS), Sarotherodon melanotheron,and their F1 and F2 hybrids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the saltwater tolerance of Oreochromis niloticus(NEW GIFTS),Sarotherodon melan-otheron,and their hybrid F1 and F2 generations.Groups of 10 juveniles(10 to 14 g) of each species/hybrid gen-eration were reared in freshwater then subjected to a gradual increase in salinity(8/d) until all fish died.Control fish were held in fresh water.The temperature was maintained at(27.2±1.3)℃ and the fish were fed daily.The median lethal salinity(MLS) was 125.78±1.66,54.22±2.51,77.33±1.89,and 73.73±1.32 for S.melanotheron,O.niloticus,F1,and F2,respectively.The mean cumulative survival(CS) and MLS were significantly higher in S.melanotheron than in O.niloticus and the F1 and F2 hybrids.Similarly,the CS and MLS were significantly higher in the F1 and F2 groups than in O.niloticus(P0.05),but there was no significant difference between the F1 and F2 groups(P0.05).
How Saturn could create rings by itself. The third force of diamagnetic expulsion and the mechanism of the magnetic anisotropic accretion of the origin of Saturn's rings

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here we demonstrate how Saturn could create its rings by itself, with the additional action of its axisymmetric magnetic field once appeared. A new mechanism for the origin of Saturn's rings is proposed for the first time. It includes the appearance of an additional third force - the force of diamagnetic expulsion of a diamagnetic ice particle after the emergence of the magnetic field of Saturn and the mechanism of magnetic anisotropic accretion. This force is acting together with force of gravity and centrifugal one on the particles within protoplanetary cloud. After appearance of the force of diamagnetic expulsion of ice particles, all their chaotic orbits start shifting to the magnetic equator plane, where the minimum of magnetic energy of the particles is observed. Every particle on the magnetic equator comes to a stable position, and it prevents its horizontal and vertical shift. The particles are trapped within three-dimensional magnetic well.
Monthly operation reports for the City of Ithaca (New York) Water Treatment Plant including raw Sixmile Creek water and finished drinking water for 2000-2010

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This data package must be uncompressed for use. In addition to the data described above, it includes an Ecological Metadata Language (EML) record, which describes in considerable detail the contents of the data table, methods, usage rights, and other information. All users of these data are strongly encouraged to review this EML record.
Tvrtkoevic Arms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tvrtkoevic Arms Get access L. L. K. L. L. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-IX, Issue 226, 25 April 1908, Page 331, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-IX.226.331a Published: 25 April 1908
Improving Patients' Understanding of their Electronic Medical Record Data in Order to Improve Self-Management - A Quality Improvement Project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients are increasingly given access to their electronic medical records (EMRs) to help them keep track of their care, but many may have a difficult time understanding what is in them. Programs such as NoteAid assist in translating medical records and may increase the number of patients who actively use their EMRs, a development which may improve the management of chronic diseases.\n Purpose: To work on a translation system developed by the University of Massachusetts Informatics group to make outpatient records more understandable for adult patients with chronic disease by using and testing a machine-learning database (NoteAid). Patients’ self-management of chronic disease may improve, as they increase their understanding of medical terminology.\nMethods: A test version of NoteAid was used with volunteer adult patients during face-to-face sessions in an outpatient office at a health system in Southeastern Pennsylvania. These sessions were used to test NoteAid’s effectiveness as a tool to improve patients’ understanding of their EMRs. Patients read their own office note from a recent visit without the use of NoteAid, and then interpreted the same note using it.\nResults: 13 participants participated over a two-month period with 85% reporting they would use the system from a patient portal and 100% answering strongly agree or agree when asked if the NoteAid system helped them comprehend their clinical EMR notes.\nConclusions: Machine-learning databases like NoteAid have the potential to improve the management of chronic diseases. By integrating these systems into an informative and user-friendly portal, patients are afforded the opportunity to improve understanding of their EMRs.\nKeywords: medical terms, patient understanding, health literacy, chronic disease, and electronic health record usability
Single-cell mRNA analysis of colon tissue during DSS colitis in CX3CR1cre/+EP4fl/fl mice suggests PGE2 signaling via EP4 promotes survival of protective macrophages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 signaling through its receptor EP4 on macrophages (MPs) protects against DSS-induced colitis, however the mechanisms involved are not clear. Here we perform single cell RNA sequencing on the colons of CX3CR1cre/+EP4fl/fl(Cre+) mice and CX3CR1+/+EP4fl/fl(Cre−) littermate controls at days 0, 3 and 7 following DSS treatment. We identified monocyte (MO), MP, DC1, DC2 and pre-DC populations, with MPs clustering into Hes1hi, Mrc1hi Siglec1(CD169)hi, Retnlahi, and Il1r2hiCd80hi populations. With colitis there was a dramatic increase in the proportions of inflammatory MOs and a loss of all mature MPs, along with an increase in cDC2 but not cDC1 in both mouse strains. However, in Cre+ mice, which develop worse disease with universal GI bleeding, the loss of Mrc1hi Siglec1hi MPs was accelerated together with an increased proportion of Il1r2hiCd80hi MPs compared to Cre− littermates. Analysis of DEGs showed the Il1r2hiCd80hi MP cluster expresses high levels of leukocyte chemoattractants, suggesting that PGE2 may prevent leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Cre+ mice also had fewer Retnlahi macrophages than Cre− mice both at days 0 and 7 post DSS. Genes highly expressed in the Retnlahi cluster are associated with wound healing and maintenance of vascular integrity indicating their loss could account for the enhanced GI bleeding in the inflamed Cre+ mice. This is the first detailed scmRNA analysis of immune cell populations involved in DSS colitis. While additional investigation is necessary, the data suggest a role for PGE2 signaling via EP4 on MPs in preventing excessive inflammatory cell infiltration, decreasing vascular permeability, and contributing to tissue repair by maintaining protective MP populations.
Coordinated actions of NLR-assembled and glutamate receptor–like calcium channels in plant effector-triggered immunity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The plant immune system utilizes nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins to detect pathogen virulence factors (effectors) inside host cells and transduce recognition to rapid defense. In dicotyledenous plants, pathogen activated Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor-containing NLRs (TNLs) establish a signaling network of enhanced susceptibility 1 (EDS1)-family dimers with RPW8-type coiled-coil (CC R ) domain NLRs (RNLs) to stimulate transcriptional reprogramming leading to host cell death and pathogen restriction. Evidence suggests that TNL- and EDS1-activated RNLs function as oligomeric Ca 2+ permeable ion channels at the plasma membrane. However, the downstream processes for immunity execution are poorly understood. Here, we studied pathogen effector-triggered immunity conferred by Nicotiana benthamiana TNL (Roq1) which signals almost exclusively through the EDS1-senescence associated gene101 (SAG101)-N required gene 1 (NRG1) RNL module. We identify a pair of glutamate receptor–like Ca 2+ ion channels (GLR2.9a and GLR2.9b) which, unlike most other pathogen-induced GLRs, are highly up-regulated by the EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 module in the TNL immune response. We show that oligomeric NRG1 Ca 2+ channel activity is necessary for GLR2.9a and GLR2.9b induced expression. Consequently, GLR2.9a and GLR2.9b proteins contribute to NRG1 -dependent Ca 2+ accumulation in host cells, and to pathogen resistance and host cell death. We establish that GLR2.9a localizes mainly to the plasma membrane/cytoplasm whereas GLR2.9b accumulates preferentially at the nuclear envelope. The data show that transcriptionally up-regulated canonical Ca 2+ ion channels GLR2.9a and GLR2.9b are a functional output of the EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 module for TNL-triggered immunity.
A Spatial Mechanism for the Evolution and Maintenance of Sexual Reproduction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this paper we discuss a spatial mechanism for the evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction. We consider three related models in which sexual reproduction is maintained by parasitism despite the twofold reproductive advantage to pathenogenic females. These models take into account the fact that the populations are spatially extended and that the effective local population size is relatively small. They do not rely on the deterministic cycling of genotypes but on the dynamically produced local stochastic genetic variation. The primary model is a probabilistic cellular automaton. In this, for a wide range of parasite mutation rates, the parasites maintain a spatially genetically heterogeneous population of sexuals and this allows the sexuals to overcome the twofold advantage of asexuals because parasites and their adaptation are much less effective in a stochastic spatial genetic structure. We also consider the case where the sexuality rate S (the proportion of the time the host breeds sexually) is slowly evolving. With such slow mutation, we find that both sexual (S=1) and asexual (S=0) populations are evolutionarily stable. We examine two other models which allow us to consider the mathematical conditions under which the advantage of this spatial genetic structure overcomes the twofold advantage of asexual reproduction.
Oxidative Cleavage of the CarbonCarbon σ‐Bond Using Reusable Copper on Iron

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An efficient and resuble copper on iron catalyst has been prepared for the cleavage of the carbon‐carbon σ‐bond in α ‐aminocarbonyl compounds leading to the corresponding formylamides and acids with a maximal TON of up to 51,000. It is noteworthy that the copper on iron catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture, and retains its activity after several reuses.
Electrospun scaffolds to promote tendon tissue regeneration in rotator cuff tears

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Improving rotator cuff repair outcomes is an important unmet healthcare need. Rotator cuff tear surgical outcomes have not improved despite the development of advanced biomaterials and surgical techniques in the last few decades. Biomaterials used in repair have generally been adopted from use in other tissues, not tested and developed for the specific needs of human rotator cuff disease. The aim of this thesis was to investigate biomimetic, synthetic, polydiaxanone electrospun scaffolds specifically in the context of rotator cuff disease. The thesis hypothesises that electrospun scaffolds replicating native fibrous tendon ECM structures will promote tendon fibroblast attachment, proliferation and result in increased matrix deposition. It also hypothesises that biomimicry will induce immune cell responses conducive to tendon healing. This study reveals important results for the future design and evaluation of biomaterials for tendon and other tissues. Firstly, polymer and electrospinning parameters were investigated to ensure repeatable, homogenous fibre production. Polydiaxanone supplier, batch and resin storage conditions had significant effects on electrospun fibres. Whilst fibre diameter and alignment could be rescued through electrospinning parameter modification, the different polymer chemistry and altered parameters required to produce scaffolds from degraded resin potentially creates scaffolds with differential biological effects. Secondly, diseased tendon fibroblasts exhibit significant differences in attachment, proliferation and gene expression when cultured on electrospun fibres compared to healthy tendon fibroblasts. Biomaterial evaluation using fibroblasts from diseased tendon will lead to more applicable results and development of more appropriate treatments. Thirdly, although the response of tendon fibroblasts to different scaffold configurations was relatively blunted for both healthy and diseased phenotypes, in contrast biomimetic fibre diameters resulted in significant differences in immune cell attachment, which may be advantageous for tissue regeneration. Finally, adsorbed protein coronas on the scaffold surface can be functionalised to further direct immune cell and to a lesser extent, tendon fibroblast responses. In conclusion, the relative sensitivity of immune cell populations to biomimetic materials opens a novel immunomodulation strategy for biomaterial augmentation of rotator tendon cuff repair. Future work should explore the relationship between immune cell populations and tendon fibroblasts as a strategy to promote endogenous healing and improved patient outcomes.
COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lysosomes and Lysosomotropism Implicate New Treatment Strategies and Personal Risks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In line with SARS and MERS, the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic is one of the largest challenges in medicine and health care worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 provides numerous therapeutic targets, each of them promising, but not leading to the success of therapy to date. Neither an antiviral nor an immunomodulatory therapy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 or pre-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 has proved to be effective. In this review, we try to close the gap and point out the likely relationships among lysosomotropism, increasing lysosomal pH, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and disease process, and we deduce an approach for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS)/cytokine storm triggered by bacteria or viruses. Lysosomotropic compounds affect prominent inflammatory messengers (e.g., IL-1B, CCL4, CCL20, and IL-6), cathepsin-L-dependent viral entry of host cells, and products of lysosomal enzymes that promote endothelial stress response in systemic inflammation. As supported by recent clinical data, patients who have already taken lysosomotropic drugs for other pre-existing conditions likely benefit from this treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic. The early administration of a combination of antivirals such as remdesivir and lysosomotropic drugs, such as the antibiotics teicoplanin or dalbavancin, seems to be able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transition to COVID-19.