jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pediatric peritonsillar abscess: Outcomes and cost savings from using transcervical ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives 1) To analyze clinical outcomes of children stratified by ultrasound into three diagnoses: acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar phlegmon, and abscess; and 2) To compare clinical outcomes and financial impact between children who underwent ultrasound protocol to those who did not. Study Design Retrospective analysis between two cohorts: ultrasound protocol group and control group. Methods Children with peritonsillar abscess (PTA) diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) were enrolled during a 2‐year period for transcervical ultrasound evaluation of bilateral tonsillar fossae. Data from a cohort of patients with PTA prior to ultrasound screening were also collected from retrospective chart review. Outcome variables were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Seventy‐eight children (mean 12.3 years) were enrolled in the ultrasound protocol, compared to 101 children (mean 13.6 years) evaluated using traditional methods of examination and/or computed tomography (CT) imaging. Demographics between the two groups were not significantly different. Only one‐third of patients presumed to have PTA by ED staff had ultrasound findings consistent with abscess. Overall treatment failure rate was 8%, requiring readmission or surgical intervention for abscess. Length of stay, surgical drainage, and radiation exposure from CT scans were reduced significantly in the ultrasound group ( P < 0.006). Differences in readmission rates and mean charges between the two groups did not reach significance. Conclusion Peritonsillar abscess is a common infection in the pediatric population, but diagnosis can be challenging. Transcervical ultrasound is a safe, cost‐effective, and accurate modality to help stratify patients into medical and surgical treatment arms. Level of Evidence 3b. Laryngoscope , 127:1924–1929, 2017
Switch & multilayer switch Cisco: implementasi jaringan akses

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Switch adalah perangkat yang banyak digunakan untuk implementasi jaringan saat ini. Jaringan komputer yang diimplementasikan di kantor , sekolah, atau tempat-tempat lain yang terdapat koneksi lebih dari dua komputer akan menggunakan perangkat switch. Selain perangkat switch, juga ada pilihan perangkat lain yaitu router . Secara konsep dasar cara kerja, perangkat switch yang biasa agak sedikit lebih sederhana dibandingkan dengan perangkat router . Secara umum, fungsi dari perangkat switch biasa hanya untuk menghubungkan antar komputer sehingga membentuk sebuah konsep jaringan. Namun berbeda halnya dengan perangkat Multilayer switch. Perangkat ini berbeda dengan perangkat switch biasa. Perangkat Multilayer switch secara umum bisa difungsikan seper ti layaknya perangkat router .

Jaringan akses sendiri merupakan sebuah konsep koneksi jaringan antara pihak penyedia jasa jaringan (network provider) dengan pelanggan (costumer). Pada buku ini dibahas beberapa fungsi yang bisa diaktifkan pada perangkat Multilayer Switch produk dari Cisco, di mana fungsi-fungsi tersebut biasa diimplementasikan pada jaringan akses seper ti VLAN, Inter-VLAN Routing, EtherChannel, Firewall, NAT, dan Redundancy Gateway.

Buku ini diperuntukkan bagi mahasiswa/i yang mengambil mata kuliah jaringan komputer , jaringan komputer tingkat lanjut, internetworking, atau bagi para pembaca yang ingin mengambil ujian ser tifikasi CCNA R&S dari Cisco.
Colonisation of lettuce by Listeria monocytogenes and its biofilm formation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Microbiology at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh produce due to pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) are increasing. A survey conducted as part of this study showed 5% of bagged lettuces sold at retail outlets contained L. monocytogenes. The ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms is a concern in terms of fresh produce safety. The use of hydroponics (growing plants in nutrient solution without using soil) in fresh produce production is a more controlled environment than soil, and therefore may be easier to prevent pathogen contamination. The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroponic grown lettuce and UV-C stress can reduce the colonization, growth and biofilm formation of three fresh produce related strains of L. monocytogenes: PFR O8A06 (coleslaw isolate), PFR O8A07 and PFR O8A08 (cabbage isolates) on lettuce. \nEvaluation of the nutrient content and indigenous microbiota between hydroponic and soil grown lettuces revealed significant differences. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the bacterial community associated with hydroponically grown lettuce showed that it was more diverse than soil-grown lettuce. Pseudomonas was found to be the dominant bacteria on hydroponically grown lettuce while Bacillus was found to be dominant in soil grown lettuce. \nThere was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in L. monocytogenes attachment to both hydroponic and soil grown lettuce leaves under minimal exposure times. Exposure of lettuce to 5 log CFU/ml for just one second resulted in at least 0.77 log CFU/cm² attachment. L. monocytogenes was able to survive and grow on both lettuce leaf surfaces at 4 and 10°C. Both hydroponic and soil grown lettuce leaf extracts enhanced the survival, growth and biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel coupons, representing surfaces in lettuce processing plants. The results of this study demonstrate the ability of L. monocytogenes to colonize and form biofilms on lettuce irrespective of the growth system used. Finally, UV-C (1.3 kJm⁻²) on lettuce produced a stress response in the plants that reduced L. monocytogenes attachment, survival and growth at pre-harvest. Further exploration of this technique may enhance the microbial safety of lettuce.
First‐mover advantages in green innovation—Opportunities and threats for financial performance: A longitudinal analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although the analysis of the relation between green innovative activism and financial performance is a popular topic, the existing literature has rarely addressed the tangible benefits that companies may enjoy if they engage in green innovations more than their competitors. This study tries to fill the above gap on the basis of an empirical analysis of a panel data set of the Standard & Poor's 500 companies over the years 1999–2016. We find that high green innovative activism, measured by patent data, only harms current financial performance when not carried out in conjunction with other types of innovative activism. In addition, we find that being the most active in green innovation in absolute terms results in significant positive lagged gains in stock market valuations. However, too much concentration on green innovation relative to other types of innovative activism has a negative influence on both accounting and stock market performance.
Thinking about difference across and within mentoring

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This commentary brings together two different but complementary responses to the target article by Gary Hook, Tu Waaka and Parehaereone Raumati (2007) on workplace mentoring of Māori employees within a Pākehā framework. First, Matiu Ratima engages with the aspects of the argument that stand out for him as key points of difference between Māori and Pākehā worldviews with respect to mentoring. Then, Barbara Grant draws on her experience with mentoring programmes at the University of Auckland to offer a different view of Pākehā mentoring from that emphasised in the article. Both respondents are united in their acknowledgement of the importance of critical work that seeks to throw lines of understanding between Māori and Pākehā worldviews.
Caring for the urban middle class: The political economy of social protection in Arab countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social protection schemes in Arab countries show deficits regarding efficiency and social fairness. Some Arab countries spend a fifth of their GDP on social protection but the bulk of funds goes to a relatively small group of urban middle income earners or is lost on half-way for administrative and other purposes. This phenomenon is not due to financial or managerial constraints but to the fact that Arab governments tended to use social policies at least until recently to legitimise their rule. They allocated social benefits specifically to their clientele as well as to potential opposition groups in order to buy the goodwill of the politically most active parts of the population.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzothiazines in Synthesis. Further Studies of the Intramolecular, Stereoselective Addition of Sulfonimidoyl Carbanions to α,β‐Unsaturated Functional Groups.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Defining Fertilization Strategies for Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Production Under Sudano-Sahelian Conditions: Options for Late Basal Fertilizer Application

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil nutrient deficiency and rainfall variability impair the production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L).Moench) in Sudano-Sahelian zone.The aim is to study the environmental factors that can determine the effect of fertilizer application on sorghum grain yield and to formulate tailored fertilization strategies according to sorghum varieties (hybrid and open pollinated improved varieties) and environmental context.Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Nioro du Rip and in Sinthiou Malème (Senegal).In a randomized complete block design arranged in a split-plot with four replications, three factors were tested: sorghum genotype (G: Fadda, Faourou, Soumalemba and Soumba with different cycle lengths), environment (E: irrigation and rainfed, different soil types and fertility levels), and fertilization management (M: five different combinations of application dose and application time) including T1 = no fertilizer applied; T2 (recommended practice, 100%) = 150 kg/ha of NPK (15-15-15) at emergence + 50 Kg/ha of urea (46%) at tillering + 50 kg/ha of urea at stem extension; T3 = 50% T2; T4 (100% delay) = 150 kg/ha of NPK +50 kg/ha of urea at stem extension +50 kg/ha of urea at heading ; T5 = 50% T4.Results showed that: (i) in most environments, stressed plants under late application treatments (T4 and T5) recovered biomass once the fertilizer was applied (ii); grain yield with T5 was higher than with T4 under well-watered conditions (sufficient and well distributed rainfall and eventual complementary irrigations) ; (iii) Fadda, a hybrid, responded differently to fertilization than the other varieties only for biomass production, (iv) late fertilizer application treatment (T4) gave higher grain yield than the recommended practice (T2) in the environment with low yield potential, and (v) long cycle duration genotypes benefited better from late fertilization compared to short cycle duration genotypes.This study showed that under Sudano-Sahelian conditions late fertilization of sorghum can be beneficial to grain yield if the rainy season has a slow start, depending on sorghum genotypes (i.e., cycle length), and on the initial N content of the soil.
Dynamic key management for secure routing in MANET

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A secure key management scheme for the locality caching multi‐root multi‐generation (LCMRMG) MANET routing algorithm is proposed. The scheme takes advantage of the multi‐root nature of LCMRMG and successfully integrates public key, certification and threshold technologies. The scheme is hierarchical and fully distributed. The key management operations are flexible in secure share distribution and scalable well to large MANET. Extensive simulations have shown that the scheme is secure, robust, efficient, and scalable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of ZVS/ZCS high efficiency AC/DC converter for high power applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increased power density, reduced switching losses with minimum electromagnetic interference (EMI), and high efficiency are essential requirements of power converters. To achieve these characteristics, soft power converters employing soft switching techniques are indispensable. In this paper, a ZCS/ZVS PWM AC/DC converter topology has been emphasized, which finds applications in high power systems such as automobile battery charging and renewable energy systems. This converter scheme maintains zero current and zero voltage switching conditions at turn on and turn off moments of semiconductor switches, respectively and soft operation of rectifier diodes that lead to negligible switching and diode reverse recovery losses. Moreover, it improves power quality and presents high input power factor, low total harmonic distortion of the input current (THDI) and improved efficiency. The validity of theoretical analysis of the proposed converter has been carried out experimentally on a 10&nbsp;kW laboratory prototype. Experimental results prove that the soft switching operation of the semiconductor switches and diodes is maintained at 98.6% rated load efficiency. In addition, the performance evaluation has been performed by comparative analysis of the proposed converter with some prior art high power AC/DC converters. Efficiencies of the proposed and prior art high power topologies have been determined for different load conditions. The highest efficiency, power factor and lower THDI of the proposed converter topology complies with international standards.
Hydraulic Society in California: An Ecological Interpretation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The factual history of that canal and the agriculture dependent on it is rather well known in particulars. The human consequences of industrialization and the making of a new rural proletariat were the themes that superseded all others for Steinbeck and McWilliams. The eventual outcome of that history, he predicted, would be an uprising of the exploited undergroup—collectivizing the factory farms so that their productivity would become available for the common welfare. The phrase "hydraulic society" comes from two students of ancient cultures, Julian Steward and Karl Wittfogel. The engineered waters of the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the Nile were then, according to the theory of hydraulic society, the environmental basis for the first authoritarian, complexly hierarchical civilizations. The rivers of California, particularly those that flow out of the Sierra Nevada and down the Great Central Valley, are in season raging torrents of energy. The parallel with ancient hydraulic societies would seem to hold true to this point.
RSV and RAD: possibilities for prevention? The link between respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and small children worldwide. There is no cure for RSV disease, but immunoprophylaxis using humanized monoclonal antibody has proven to be safe and efficacious in preventing disease. Extensive research supports the hypothesis that RSV bronchiolitis in infancy results in increased risk for development of wheezing, asthma, and possibly atopy throughout childhood. In spite of this, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that are responsible for this association have not been fully elucidated. We recently co-chaired an international panel of physicians that met to discuss the link between RSV and reactive airway disease (RAD). Research results in the clinical arena and current opinion on RSV prophylaxis and the RSV–RAD association are presented in this special supplement to Respiratory Research.
Model Predictive Control Strategies for Electric Endurance Race Cars Accounting for Competitors’ Interactions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter presents model predictive control strategies for battery electric endurance race cars accounting for interactions with the competitors. In particular, we devise an optimization framework capturing the impact of the actions of the ego vehicle when interacting with competitors in a probabilistic fashion, jointly accounting for the optimal pit stop decision making, the charge times and the driving style in the course of the race. We showcase our method for a simulated 1 h endurance race at the Zandvoort circuit, using real-life data from a previous event. Our results show that optimizing both the race strategy and the decision making during the race is very important, resulting in a significant 21 s advantage over an always overtake approach, whilst revealing the competitiveness of e-race cars w.r.t. conventional ones.
Cephalometric changes during headgear-reactivator treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Sixty-six growing Class II, division 1 patients were treated with a headgear-reactivator combination. The appliance included a mandibular advancement mechanism, that was reactivated during treatment. Lateral roentgenograms in centric occlusion were taken at the beginning and end of the active treatment period. At the end of treatment the sagittal jaw relationship was significantly improved. However, considerable maxillary incisor retroclination and mandibular incisor proclination also occurred. No marked changes in the vertical skeletal situation could be demonstrated.
A Movement of Their Own: Voices of young feminist activists in the London Feminist Network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A so-called “resurgence ” of feminist activism in the UK is currently being reported by journalists, commentators and academics, with young women seemingly at the fore. This is remarkable given the reported backlash against feminism and the widely held view of young people in general, and young women in particular, as politically apathetic. In this qualitative study I focus on eight young feminist activists who arguably form part of this resurgence. All are members of the London Feminist Network, a grassroots, women-only, feminist activist organisation in London, England, UK. Through qualitative interviews I explored their motivations for becoming involved in feminist activism and their perception of the benefits that they gained, including political efficacy. The findings highlight the significance of women-only space in providing such benefits, and expose the impact of sexism in mixed social movements. Sociability and the opportunity to engage in collective political activism emerged as key motivations for joining LFN. Inspirations for joining were often negative, such as the mainstreaming of pornography, and the sexual objectification of women in the media. These were identified as barriers to the equal engagement of women in all political spheres, including social movements.
New Developments in Area-based Initiatives in England: The Experience of the Single Regeneration Budget

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reports recent research that has assessed the achievements of one of the most extensive area-based initiatives (ABIs) that has ever been adopted in England-namely, the Single Regeneration Budget. This research has sought to ascertain whether, at least in relation to the findings from SRB, there is evidence that the ABI has delivered what was expected of it and thus whether the underlying rationale for its deployment was valid. The article focuses on three key areas of relevance to the attainment of local area regeneration. These are: targeting social deprivation; bringing about effective partnership working; and, `bending' the activities of mainstream service providers. This article concludes by considering what the lessons from SRB are for the future shape and form of ABIs.
Principled Hope

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Labor advocates and reformers have been searching for ways to organize workers and sustain the cause of labor in these difficult neoliberal times, when unions barely represent 6 percent of the private sector workforce. They have unsuccessfully tried to reform federal labor law for decades. A sharp partisan divide, the Senate filibuster, and the President’s veto, all smother reform in the crib. But still, committed and creative advocates try to organize workers within and without the law. Activists have spearheaded “comprehensive campaigns” and fought for voluntary recognition. Others have formed now what have been termed “alt-labor” organizations, such as worker centers.
A comprehensive comparison of assays for detection and identification of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is the first time nine different assays were compared side by side for their sensitivity and specificity in detection and identification of R. solanacearum R3bv2. The data accumulated here will provide basis for regulatory applications for low level detection and rapid identification of latently infections caused by R. solanacearum R3bv2.
How to promote social innovation within Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The case of the Audiovisual Industry in Navarre

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the situation of social innovation in the audiovisual industry, which is a gap in the field of media management regarding the promotion of innovation with social impact. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a study in order to promote social innovation in the audiovisual industry at regional level. By collaborating through an action research case with the audiovisual cluster in Navarra (CLAVNA) this research focuses on specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to gender equality, decent work and economic growth, and industry, innovation, and infrastructure. Three are the main findings of this study: 1) Technological innovations are crucial to promote social innovation; 2) the need for public-private co-creation for the development of the focused industry; 3) the relevance of focusing efforts on social innovation in firms based on animation and video games.to attract development and investments. Resumen Este artículo examina la situación de la innovación social en la industria audiovisual, que constituye una laguna en el campo de la gestión de los medios de comunicación en lo que respecta al impulso de la innovación con impacto social. El objetivo principal de este artículo es realizar un estudio para promover la innovación social en la industria audiovisual en el ámbito regional. Mediante la colaboración a través de un caso de investigación-acción con el Cluster Audiovisual de Navarra (CLAVNA), esta investigación se centra en Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) específicos relacionados con la igualdad de género, el trabajo decente y el crecimiento económico, y la industria, la innovación y las infraestructuras. Tres son las principales conclusiones de este estudio: 1) Las innovaciones tecnológicas son cruciales para promover la innovación social; 2) se advierte la necesidad de la co-creación público-privada para el desarrollo de la industria con foco; 3) se ve necesario centrar esfuerzos en la innovación social de empresas basadas en animación y videojuegos. para atraer desarrollo e inversiones. Palabras clave: innovación social; ODS; audiovisual; Navarra; investigación-acción. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir.23-2.2