jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Temporal learning in the cerebellum: The microcircuit model

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The cerebellum is that part of the brain which coordinates motor reflex behavior. To perform effectively, it must learn to generate specific motor commands at the proper times. We propose a fundamental circuit, called the MicroCircuit, which is the minimal ensemble of neurons both necessary and sufficient to learn timing. We describe how learning takes place in the MicroCircuit, which then explains the global behavior of the cerebellum as coordinated MicroCircuit behavior.
Robust Constrained Recursive Least P-Power Algorithm for Adaptive Filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop a novel constrained adaptive filtering algorithm called constrained recursive least p-power (CRLP) algorithm, which incorporates a set of linear constraints into the least mean p-power error (LMP) criterion to solve a constrained optimization problem directly. Compared with the conventional constrained adaptive filtering algorithms including constrained least mean square (CLMS), constrained recursive least square (CRLS) and constrained least mean p-power (CLMP), CRLP can achieve better performance under non- Gaussian noises. Simulation results are presented to confirm the superior performance of the new algorithm.
CONCATENATION OF ERROR AVOIDING WITH ERROR CORRECTING QUANTUM CODES FOR CORRELATED NOISE MODELS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the performance of simple error correcting and error avoiding quantum codes together with their concatenation for correlated noise models. Specifically, we consider two error models: (i) a bit-flip (phase-flip) noisy Markovian memory channel (model I); (ii) a memory channel defined as a memory degree dependent linear combination of memoryless channels with Kraus decompositions expressed solely in terms of tensor products of X-Pauli (Z-Pauli) operators (model II). The performance of both the three-qubit bit flip (phase flip) and the error avoiding codes suitable for the considered error models is quantified in terms of the entanglement fidelity. We explicitly show that while none of the two codes is effective in the extreme limit when the other is, the three-qubit bit flip (phase flip) code still works for high enough correlations in the errors, whereas the error avoiding code does not work for small correlations. Finally, we consider the concatenation of such codes for both error models and show that it is particularly advantageous for model II in the regime of partial correlations.
Macroparticles monitoring for biocontamination prevention

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigated a potential correlation between deposited macroparticles >5µm and bioaerosols. Bioaerosols were detected using both passive (culture plates) and dynamic sampling (biocollectors). Bioaerosols were then revealed visually on culture plates after incubation and counted in colony forming unit (CFU)/cm2. Macroparticles were counted on line by CLEAPART-100 (patent CEA – Aix Marseille University – Winlight System). It enables continuous monitoring of the deposit of macroparticles on surfaces. We have shown that those macroparticles could be strongly correlated to viable particle measurements (bacteria and mould) after dynamic sampling by biocollectors. As viable particle measurements require an incubation period of at least 48 hours, it is easy to understand the advantage in continuous macroparticle done by CLEAPART-100. CLEAPART-100 is therefore an instrument which enables the alert to be raised in relation to any contamination or biocontamination events.
Colonic pseudo-obstruction: the dilated colon in the ICU.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is a syndrome of massive dilation of the colon without mechanical obstruction that develops in hospitalized patients with serious underlying medical and surgical conditions. Increasing age, cecal diameter, delay in decompression, and status of the bowel significantly influence mortality, which is approximately 40% when ischemia or perforation is present. Evaluation of the markedly distended colon in the intensive care unit setting involves excluding mechanical obstruction and other causes of toxic megacolon such as Clostridium difficile infection, and assessing for signs of ischemia and perforation. The risk of colonic perforation in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction increases when cecal diameter exceeds 12 cm and when the distention has been present for greater than 6 days. Appropriate management includes supportive therapy and selective use of neostigmine and colonoscopy for decompression. Early recognition and management are critical in minimizing complications.
Femoral hernia caused by endometriosis in femoral lymph nodes: a rare case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent disease commonly affecting pelvic organs. Lymph node involvement is rare and even more so when leading to herniation. We report a rare case of a 41-year-old woman with no prior history of endometriosis, who presented with right groin pain and a palpable mass. Imaging suggested a femoral hernia. During open surgical repair, enlarged lymph nodes were discovered in the femoral canal causing femoral hernia. Histopathological analysis revealed endometriotic tissue within the lymph nodes. This case highlights a rare extrapelvic manifestation of endometriosis causing a femoral hernia. Endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of groin masses, especially in women of reproductive age with cyclical symptoms.
Turns, tropes and terminology. Toward an interspecies ‘(inter)social’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

All living creatures exist with others in relationships – networks of ecological, biological, psychological and social interactions – that are ongoing and meaningful, and at some level affect their animate neighbours. This point seems so self-evident that it should not need stating. Yet in many instances both archaeologists and scholars within other disciplines remain mired within an anthropocentric metanarrative which serves the purpose of limiting the study of these relationships either to the human use, or to the (human) cultural construction, of non-human animals. That is changing. In arguing that a ‘shift . . . of emphasis to the live animal as an autonomous being with its own agency and even its known perspective on other species is long overdue’ (p. 116), Nick Overton and Yannis Hamiliakis offer a valuable contribution toward refining the ongoing archaeological re-examination of the potential gestalt of the human–animal social interface.
FEATURES OF PLASMAPHERESIS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAFT REJECTION AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The development of immunological confl ict in the form of host-versus-graft reaction has always been main problem in transplantation. The worst case is the development of humoral rejection with the presence of circulating immune complexes and antibodies. There are several methods for quick removal of antibodies; among those are traditional plasmapheresis (PA) and double fi ltration plasmapheresis (DFPF). In this paper we present our experience with these two methods and give a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness in the treatment of acute humoral rejection in renal allograft. Aim : to compare the effectiveness of traditional and double fi ltration plasmapheresis while processing different volumes of plasma in the treatment of host-versus-graft disease after kidney transplantation. Methods . The study included 58 patients after kidney transplantation. All patients had increased activity of humoral immunity, which was confi rmed by immunofl uorescence with luminescence C4d complement component. In 26 patients we performed DFPF, in 32 patients – traditional PA. We divided the DFPF patients into 4 subgroups depending on the amount of processed plasma: > 50% (5 patients), 50–100% (8 patients), 100–150% (7 patients), 150–200% (6 patients) of circulating plasma volume. We also divided PA patients into four subgroups depending on the volume of plasma removed: >50% (8 patients), 50–70% (12 patients), 70–90% (7 patients), 90–110% (5 patients) of the volume of circulating plasma. We monitored the immune status with markers of humoral immunity activation IgM, IgG before and after each of the procedures. Results. Each procedure of traditional PA and DFPF was accompanied by a marked decrease in blood concentrations of IgM and IgG antibodies. Their level decreased by an average of 30–55% of the original. However, some patients in both groups showed an increase in the concentration of these immunoglobulins in 1–2 days after the fi rst and the second procedures. The effect of rebound was observed during DFPF if in one procedure less than 100% of the circulation plasma volume was processed and during traditional PA if less than 70% was removed. Upon reaching the target values and increasing the processing volumes we managed to avoid growth of IgM and IgG. Conclusions . DFPF and traditional PA can effectively reduce the high titers of circulating antibodies, which is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of humoral immunity of the recipient. In the case of double fi ltration plasmapheresis at least one volume of circulating plasma should be processed and in traditional plasmapheresis – at least 70% should be removed.
Analysis of ATF6 Activation in Site-2 Protease-deficient Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is constitutively synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is activated when unfolded proteins are accumulated in the ER under ER stress through a process called regulated intramembrane proteolysis (Rip), in which ATF6 is transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus where it undergoes sequential cleavage by Site-1 and Site-2 proteases. The cytosolic transcription factor domain of ATF6 liberated from the Golgi membrane enters the nucleus where it activates transcription of ER-localized molecular chaperones and folding enzymes, leading to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the ER. Here, we analyzed M19 cells, a mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in Site-2 protease. It was previously shown that M19 cells are defective in the induction of mRNA encoding the major ER chaperone BiP. In M19 cells, ATF6 was not converted from the membrane-bound precursor form to the cleaved and nuclear form as expected. Moreover, some of the ATF6 was constitutively relocated to the Golgi apparatus, where it was cleaved by Site-1 protease, and remained associated with the Golgi apparatus, indicating that the ER of M19 cells was constitutively stressed. Consistent with this notion, the two other ER stress response mediators, IRE1 and PERK, were also constitutively activated in M19 cells. M19 cells showed inefficient secretion of a model protein. These results suggest that Rip-mediated activation of ATF6 is important for the homeostasis of the ER in not only ER-stressed but also unstressed cells.
Expression of cyclic ADP-ribose-synthetizing CD38 molecule on human platelet membrane

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CD38 is a cell surface molecule widely used as a marker for immature and activated lymphocytes. It has been recently shown that CD38 displays three enzymatic activities: hydrolysis of NAD+ to ADP-ribose, synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose from NAD+, and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP- ribose to ADP-ribose. Thus, CD38 plays a key role in the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose, a calcium-mobilizing compound. We investigate here the expression and cellular localization of CD38 in human platelets using a specific monoclonal antibody. Results showed that CD38 is expressed by human platelet membranes. Moreover, we show that platelet CD38 possesses NAD glycohydrolase, ADP-ribose cyclase, and cyclic ADP- ribose hydrolase activities. This finding indicates that the calcium- mobilizing agent cyclic ADP-ribose can be synthetized by human platelets and raises the question about the possible role of CD38 expression and enzymatic activities in the signal transduction pathways leading to platelet activation.
Explosive MHD Research.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Research on dense nonideal plasmas used in explosive MHD pulse power generators is described. Experiments were performed with three types of explosive plasma sources producing a plasma pressure about 10 kbar and a plasma temperature about 5 eV (58,000 K). A literature survey was performed on theoretical methods for predicting the properties of nonideal plasmas, and calculations were performed using some of the models. Encouraging progress was made in reducing a discrepancy between theory and experiment. (Author)
Mean Field Games with state constraints: from mild to pointwise\n solutions of the PDE system

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Mean Field Games with state constraints are differential games with\ninfinitely many agents, each agent facing a constraint on his state. The aim of\nthis paper is to provide a meaning of the PDE system associated with these\ngames, the so-called Mean Field Game system with state constraints. For this,\nwe show a global semiconvavity property of the value function associated with\noptimal control problems with state constraints.\n
The Role of the Homeobox Gene Athb16 in Development Regulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are 42 members of the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HDZip) family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. This thesis focuses on the functional analysis of one member of this family, ATHB16, and on the biochemical properties of HDZip proteins. To assess the function of the ATHB16 gene, the expression of ATHB16 was altered in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by using sense and antisense RNA constructs under the control of the 35S promoter. The reciprocal phenotypic effects associated with elevated and reduced levels of ATHB16 expression suggested that, in wild-type plants, ATHB16 acts as a mediator of blue and red light effects on the regulation of plant growth and the timing of the floral transition. In wild-type Arabidopsis, expression of ATHB16 is high in leaves, intermediate in adult roots and inflorescences, and low in stems and siliques. The expression of ATHB16 in the root is markedly increased in response to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, but is reduced in the ABA response mutants abil and abi2, suggesting that ATHB16 may be involved in ABA signal transduction. This hypothesis was corroborated by observations of alterations in sensitivity to ABA inhibition of root growth in seedlings of a T-DNA insertion mutant of ATHB16 and of transgenic plants with elevated ATHB16 levels. HDZip proteins bind DNA as dimers. DNA-binding studies showed that different HDZip proteins interact with very similar target sequences in vitro and that they selectively form heterodimers with each other. For example, it was demonstrated that ATHB16 can heterodimerize with ATHB6 and ATHB7 in yeast and with ATHB5 in vitro, suggesting that ATHB16 may interact with other HDZip proteins in Arabidopsis. This interaction may have functional significance, since it may provide a mechanism for the plant to integrate different input signals, like light of different spectral qualities and water availability in the regulation of its growth.
Acute responsiveness to calcitonin in chronic renal failure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The acute effect of porcine calcitonin was tested in 17 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. In normal adults calcitonin has no effect on plasma calcium or phosphate levels, but in nine patients both concentrations were substantially reduced after calcitonin. This hypocalcaemic and hypophosphataemic effect was a function of the initial plasma phosphate level but was unrelated to the initial plasma calcium level. Plasma hydroxyproline levels were not significantly different in the two groups an were unaffected by calcitonin. In 11 patients fasting plasma calcitonin levels were undetectable with an assay sensitive to 0-1 mug/1. Calcitonin seems to have an acute effect in chronic renal failure which may not operate by arresting bone resorption but is dependent on the plasma phosphate concentration.
Lignans and Kauranes from the Stems of Annona cherimola

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Four lignans and six kauranes, (+)‐ epi ‐syringaresinol ( 1 ), annocherin A (16β‐hydroxy‐17,19‐diacetoxy‐ ent ‐kaurane) ( 2 ), (+)‐syringaresinol ( 3 ), (+)‐ dia ‐syringaresinol ( 4 ), liriodendrin[(+)‐syringaresinol‐di‐ O ‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside] ( 5 ), 16α‐hydro‐17‐acetoxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐oic acid ( 6 ), 16β‐hydro‐17‐hydroxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐al ( 7 ), 16α‐hydro‐17‐hydroxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐al ( 8 ), 16β‐hydro‐17‐hydroxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐oic acid ( 9 ) and 16α‐hydro‐17‐hydroxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐oic acid ( 10 ) were isolated from the stems of Annona cherimola. Among them, 1 is obtained for the first time from natural sources and 2 is a new compound. The structures of these compounds were characterized and identified by spectral analyses.
May antihistone antibodies replace antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as a predictor of uveitis in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Address: 1Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway and Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway, 2Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway, 3Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway, 4Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden and 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway * Corresponding author
Equations of Thixotropic Breakdown for Rotational Viscometer

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquations of Thixotropic Breakdown for Rotational ViscometerHenry Green and Ruth N. WeltmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 3, 167–172Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560151a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i560151a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Application of Binomial and Beta-Binomial Regression Models on Incidence of Diarrhea Among children Aged 6-59 Months in Miesso District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In binomial regression analysis model dependent variable follows a binomial distribution. β-binomial model is a regression model for outcomes following the β-binomial probability distribution. The aim of present study was to fit binomial regression and beta-binomial regression models for incidence of diarrhea, a prominent cause of health disorders/ deaths in under-five year age children. The study was conducted in the children aged 6-59 months in Miesso Wereda, Oromia, Ethiopia from June to September 2017. The data used was obtained from a cross-sectional study using well-structured questionnaires. The Predictors used for the current study were child sex, household food security status, sources of drinking water, and toilet ownership status. Binomial and β-binomial models were fitted to identify the significant predictors. The overdispersion status of the data was tested and revealed that there was no over-dispersion and the fitted models had similar Akaiki information criteria and Bayesian information Criteria with similar results. The source of water (pipe water) and having toilet facility significantly affected the incidence of diarrhea among the studied group of children. The study recommended that giving attention to environmental sanitation and creating pure water facility shall reduce diarrhea incidence in children.
Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara Dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Di Maluku

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the context of local elections (Pilkada) in Maluku, Indonesia. Article 2 of Law No. 5 of 2014 on ASN stipulates that the implementation of ASN policies and management should be based on the principle of neutrality. Bureaucratic neutrality is a system where the quality of public service delivery remains consistent regardless of changes in leadership. This research explores the critical role of ASN neutrality in maintaining the integrity of public services and democratic processes. The study emphasizes the importance of ASN remaining impartial and free from political interventions, particularly during local elections. In the context of Pilkada in Maluku, this research investigates how ASN maintains distance from all political forces and refrains from practices of intimidation or threats towards other ASN employees and the public. The findings highlight the challenges and strategies in upholding ASN neutrality, contributing to the broader discourse on bureaucratic professionalism and the quality of local democracy in Indonesia. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in enhancing the neutrality and integrity of civil servants in the political landscape of Maluku and beyond.
Leaders’ Cultural Responsiveness in a Rural Program Serving Latinx Youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To provide examples of culturally responsive practices used by leaders of a rural Latinx-serving youth program, this case study focused on a community youth program in a small, rural Midwestern town. Program leaders (one White man and one Latinx woman) were both middle-aged and had postsecondary degrees. Nine Latinx youth participants (four girls, five boys; M age = 15.5 years) were primarily from Mexican immigrant families. Repeated semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders and youth. Holistic analyses used grounded theory practices and focused on a subset of questions about cultural program experiences. Leaders of Unified Youth supported the positive development of rural Latinx youth through four categories of culturally responsive practices. They cultivated a safe space that affirmed youth’s cultural values and bilingualism; served as trusted allies for youth, connecting across shared experiences and helping youth process discrimination; promoted cultural awareness and appreciation while encouraging youth to explore cultural nuances; and supported youth’s leadership development and advocacy through community events promoting cultural awareness. These rich descriptions of practices contribute to our understanding of cultural responsiveness in context and can be used to inform research, policy, and practice with Latinx youth in rural communities.