jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the potential of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus to modulate immune system activation related to host-pathogen and damage associated signaling in infected porcine monocytes.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract One of the largest risks to the continued stability of the swine industry is by pathogens like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) that can decimate production as it spreads among individuals. These infections can be low or highly pathogenic, and because it infects monocytic cells, PRRSV can undermine the innate immune response. This is especially true of the interferon stimulated inflammatory response. To shed light on the effect of PRRSV pathogenicity on activation status of the immune response, we polarized infected and control monocyte-derived cells (mDCs), applied transcriptomic analysis, and predicted protein-protein interactions as networks to elucidate the interconnected biological processes related to low and highly pathogenic PRRSV infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from each polarized/unpolarized and PRRSV infected/ uninfected comparison was used to predict networks and subsequent molecular functions affected by the viruses and mediators. The analysis uncovered previously uncharacterized evidence of the ability of PRRSV to effect M1 activation by altering expression of genes related to viral defense, the extra-cellular matrix (ECM), toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and damage induced inflammatory signaling. Genes showing variability in expression, as well as the most common predicted biological network from the comparisons, were related to cellular structure and inflammatory immune responses. These results supply additional insight into the interplay of PRRSV pathogenicity and immune system evasion by affecting multiple routes of host inflammatory signaling, as well as mDC polarization.
Effects of calcium ions on outward membrane currents in rat uterine smooth muscle.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The outward membrane current underlying delayed rectification in uterine smooth muscle has been studied by means of a double sucrose gap apparatus with particular reference to the effects of the external calcium. 2. The outward current was reversibly reduced in calcium‐free solution and in the presence of manganese (5 mM), or increased in high‐calcium solution. 3. In reference solution, when depolarizing steps activated the outward current to its maximal value, the current tails measured at the end of the pulse were made up of two exponentially declining components. The slower of the two components was suppressed in calcium‐free solution. The fast component reached full, steady‐state activation at about +75 mV and the slow one at less positive potentials, i.e. +50 mV. Altering the external calcium did not shift the activation curves of the outward current along the voltage axis. 4. The reversal potential of the outward current was not affected by alterations of the external calcium concentration. 5. The outward current components can also be separated on the basis of their sensitivity to 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) and tetracethylammonium (TEA). The fast component was selectively blocked by externally applied 4‐AP. TEA blocked both fast and slow components. 6. It is suggested that two sets of potassium channels contribute to the outward current in myometrium and that these channels can be separated pharmacologically.
A Rapid Volumetric Method for Si in Al Alloy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Normally Si in Al alloy and Al-Si alloy is determined gravimetrically or, in certain cases, colorimetrically, but the former is a time-consuming method and the latter is not suitable for high silicon alloy. The method presented here consists of formation of K2SiF6 and its titration with alkali according to the following new analytical procedure. Transfer 0.2 to 0.5 g of the sample to a 300 mL polyethylene conical beaker. Add 60 mL of hot (1:1) HNO3 and 5 mL of HF. Dissolve the sample without heating and dilute with water to 100 mL. Cool rapidly to 20°C and add KNO3 until the solution is saturated. Filter through No. 5A filter paper with a polyethylene funnel. Wash with cold washing solution (dissolve 150 g. KNO3 in 850 mL of distilled water, add 150 mL of alcohol, and then cool to below 20°C until the washings are acid-free. Transfer the paper and the precipitate to a 500 mL conical beaker, add 200 mL of carbon dioxide-free boiling water, shake thoroughly, and titrate while still hot with NaOH solution, using 5 drops (3%) of phenolphthalein indicator, until a faint pink color appears. Deduct the blank from the main titration. 1 mL of 0.5 N NaOH\fallingdotseq0.3508%Si. With Al alloys, this method is only interfered by Ti, Ta and Zr; consequently, as long as these elements do not exceed 0.5% of the sample, succeessful results will be always obtained. Therefore this method can be applied to a number of Al alloys and Al-Si alloys, Furthermore, this method is more rapid, simple and accurate than the usual method and the whole procedure can be carried out within 50 minutes. Hence, this method is a very suitable method for the purpose of industrial routine analysis.
Indonesian Enterprise Architecture Framework: A Platform for Integrated and Connected Government

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a management practice to align business processes and IT within an enterprise or organization. EA is a concept implemented in “an enterprise” rather than “a state”. Ministries use EA to define their own supporting strategic and plan in contributing to e-government programs and found that they are fragmented in delivering public services to the citizen. Some EA frameworks promote integration issue but practically cannot support broad government integration. Some frameworks support broad government integration but cannot be implemented in all countries due to the government system and state bureaucracy factors. This research proposes a government enterprise architecture for Indonesia as a nation-wide strategy and holistic guiding plans in achieving the government business objectives and promote collaboration across ministries to realize an integrated and connected government. The result is a modified life cycle of the EA development method of Indonesia Enterprise Architecture to guide the Indonesian Government to adopt EA in planning, designing, developing and deploying integrated public services.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The conclusion summarizes the main theses of the book and argues that racial concepts continue to have a very specific modern/colonial flavor. Although racism is neither universal nor inevitable, it is reinforced in the contemporary visible and material world. I also offer here two lines of departure from racism. The first comes from Columbus, whose inconsistent xenophobia indicates the fragility of racial animus as well as its contextual pressures. The second is from recent work by Kamel Daoud, who produces an imaginative dialogue from an Arab Algerian perspective with Camus’s The Stranger. Daoud creates a conversation among equals, persons positioned differently in political geography, that models our possibilities today.
SHELF‐LIFE OF FRESH‐LIKE READY‐TO‐USE DICED SQUASH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The shelf‐life of fresh‐like ready‐to‐use diced squash during storage for 16 days at 10–12C and 95% of relative humidity was investigated. The ascorbic acid (AA) content, moisture, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH, weight loss and microbiological counts were determined. At the end of storage, a 1.5% weight loss was observed. Water content did not show significant changes during storage. The soluble solids content and the Brix/titratable acidity ratios increased during storage, following a linear correlation. The evolution of AA content followed a 2° polynomial correlation, with a maximum between 7–9 days of storage and a final value of 17 mg AA/100 g of fresh weight. The total microbial count increased continuously throughout storage but showed an acceptable level until day 10.
Effectiveness of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to control gall rust of Falcataria moluccana under field conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gall rust caused by Uromycladium spp. is a most devastating disease of Falcataria moluccana plantations in Indonesia since a decade. There is no effective control measures to suppress rust gall disease. The objectives of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of PGPR on seedlings growth, gall rust severity and growth of young Falcataria moluccana trees. Talc-based powder formulation of PGPR mixtures of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymixa and Rhizobium spp. was used. First experiment consisted of testing as a seed treatment by PGPR using four concentrations of PGPR i.e. 0 (untreated), 2.5 g/L, 5 g/Land 10 g/L equal to 1.25 x 10 6 cfu/L, 2.5 10 6 cfu/L and 5 x 10 6 cfu/L. Emergence rate and seedlings growth were evaluated. Second experiment was a field trial using young three months age-seedlings trees under pathogen natural infestation, designed as a complete randomized block design with six replications. Treatments were PGPR 2.5 10 6 cfu/kg and 5 x 10 6 cfu/kg, untreated and mancozeb fungicide. Powder formulation of PGPR was mixed with granule NPK fertilizer and applied as soil incorporation at planting date and 42 days after transplanting. Disease severity, plant height and stem diameter were observed weekly at 1 to 11 week after transplanting. Seed treatment with all concentration of PGPR did not affect germination rate, but increased seedlings growth. Moreover, field application of PGPR at the rate of 5 x 10 6 cfu/kg in PGPR-NPK fertilizer mixture was the best treatment to control galll rust of young plants under field conditions with an effectiveness rate of 42.28%, compared to fungicide treatments which has effectivenes rate of 34.39%. The treatments also enhanced the growth of young plants.
Mixed quantum-classical modelling of non-linear optical spectra

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In dit proefschrift bestuderen we dynamische processen zoals energietransport en structuurveranderingen in complexe moleculaire systemen zoals fotosynthetische systemen en synthetische moleculen. Door de ontwikkeling van geavanceerde laser technologie kan zulke dynamica gevolgd worden op een zeer korte picoseconden tijdschaal (een miljoenste van een miljoenste seconde). In zulke experimenten resulteert de absorptie van de laserpulsen in aangeslagen vibrationele of elektronische toestanden van de pigmenten, waarvan de frequenties gelijk zijn aan de frequentie van het geabsorbeerde licht. De absorptiefrequenties van de pigmenten worden beïnvloed door hun lokale omgeving en zijn daarom gevoelig voor dynamica. Door het systeem met meerdere laserpulsen te beschieten kan er informatie over deze dynamica van de omgeving alsmede over het energietransport tussen de pigmenten verkregen worden met een extreem nauwkeurige tijdsresolutie. Om onderscheidt te maken tussen effecten die komen van de dynamica van de omgeving en van het energietransport zijn er echter theoretische modellen nodig die een algemene beschrijving van de pigmenten en hun omgeving bevatten. In dit proefschrift ontwikkelen we zulke methoden en vergelijken de resultaten met experimenten. We passen onze methode toe voor het bestuderen van de absorptie- en energietransport eigenschappen van het fotosynthetische systeem van paarse bacteriën, dat ontzettend efficient blijkt te zijn door de circulaire structuur die de pigmenten vormen. Het beter begrijpen van zulke efficiënte natuurlijke systemen is belangrijk, omdat het kan leiden tot de verdere ontwikkeling van zonnecellen en energietransport systemen. We passen de methode verder toe om het vormen en breken van waterstofbindingen in synthetische moleculen te bestuderen en verklaren daarbij experimenten.
<title>Calculating wind profile from Doppler spectra of lower-atmosphere observation radar</title>

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an algorithm for calculating wind profiles form profiler Doppler spectra. Our algorithm produces hourly averaged winds by consensus averaging of the spectral peak power densities. The peak power method, applied separately on each height and on each antenna beam, can detect the atmospheric echo in each spectrum which results in the calculation of radial velocities in all antenna beams. The consensus algorithm is then applied to average over one-hour intervals using 12 radial velocities over each hour. A resultant 24-hour profile of horizontal winds is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Stochastic linear optimization under partial uncertainty and incomplete information using the notion of probability multimeasure

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a scalar stochastic linear optimization problem subject to linear constraints. We introduce the notion of deterministic equivalent formulation when the underlying probability space is equipped with a probability multimeasure. The initial problem is then transformed into a set-valued optimization problem with linear constraints. We also provide a method for estimating the expected value with respect to a probability multimeasure and prove extensions of the classical strong law of large numbers, the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem, and the central limit theorem to this setting. The notion of sampling with respect to a probability multimeasure and the definition of cumulative distribution multifunction are also discussed. Finally, we show some properties of the deterministic equivalent problem.
Evaluation and Clinical Impact of the Combination of Wako® (1,3)-β-D-Glucan in Serum and RT-PCR in Oral Wash for Pneumocystis jirovecii Infection Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, with a complex diagnosis due to its colonizing role. Current guidelines recommend microbiological confirmation through direct microscopy of lower respiratory tract samples, 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG) serum testing, or RT–PCR detection in lower respiratory samples. However, non-invasive diagnostic alternatives, such as oral wash RT–PCR combined with BDG serum levels, could be an option for non-intubated and non-candidates to bronchoscopy patients in a real clinical setting. A retrospective study analysed 49 patients with suspected PCP at Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, Spain) between January 2020–March 2025. Patients underwent to serum BDG (Wako®, ≥7 pg/mL) and P. jirovecii RT–PCR in oral wash tests. The study assessed the impact of time of symptoms and treatment on microbiological findings, and the clinical utility of combining test for PCP diagnosis. Among the 49 patients, 12 (24.5%) had a positive P. jirovecii RT–PCR in oral wash, and 12 of them (85.7%) also a positive BDG. Median BDG was 27.1 (IQR: 14.4–100.7) pg/mL for positive patients (p &lt; 0.05). Patients with (+)BDG/RT–PCR showed a longer symptom duration compared to negative (p &gt; 0.05). Previous PCP prophylaxis/treatment showed a reduce on P. jirovecii RT–PCR results (p &gt; 0.05). Combining tests could be useful in patients who are not candidates for bronchoscopy (p &lt; 0.05) and influenced treatment decisions, reducing unneeded PCP treatments in (-)RT–PCR/BDG in immunosuppressed patients with high pretest value. P. jirovecii RT–PCR in oral wash showed to be good screening assay in patients without PCP treatment/prophylaxis and BDG as appears to serve as a complementary diagnostic tool for confirming PCP infection, primarily in prolonged infectious conditions. This strategy could help optimize treatment decisions reducing the need for invasive procedures. Further multicentric studies are needed to validate the combination test results and assess cost-effectiveness in clinical practice.
Short-Term Use of Umbilical Artery Catheters May Not Be Associated With Increased Risk for Thrombosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. Umbilical arterial catheters (UACs) have rare but serious complications related to thrombus formation. Two specific serum markers of thrombogenesis—prothrombin fragment (F1.2) and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT)—can be assayed and correlated with abdominal ultrasound visualization of UAC thrombosis. Levels of these markers of thrombogenesis have not been studied in infants with UACs. The objective of this study was to determine F1.2 and TAT levels longitudinally and compare the levels with platelet counts and ultrasound evidence of thrombi during the first week of life in infants with UACs. Methods. This study was conducted as a prospective, nonblinded, observational study performed between June 2001 and January 2002 at Christiana Care Hospital, a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Infants with a UAC in place in the first 24 hours of life were studied. All received equal amounts of heparin in the UAC. F1.2, TAT, platelet counts, and abdominal aorta ultrasounds were examined every other day starting within 24 hours of life. Studies were not done when the UAC was removed within the 5-day study period. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for TAT and F1.2 was performed using a commercially available kit from Enzyngost. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance evaluating TAT, F1.2, and platelet count over time. Results. Thirty-three patients were investigated (mean ± standard deviation; gestational age: 27.4 ± 3.5 weeks; birth weight: 1139 ± 729 g). A total of 66 measurements of TAT, F1.2, and platelet counts were obtained. Sixty-one abdominal ultrasounds were performed; only 1 study was positive for UAC thrombus. There was no significant difference between F1.2 and TAT over time during the study period. Platelet counts seemed to fall over the 5-day study period, although this decrease did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. Indwelling UACs in sick infants may not carry an increased risk of thrombosis during the first 5 days of use.
Nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma using a microwave tissue coagulator

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We access a usefulness of nephron-sparing surgery with a microwave tissue coagulator (MTC) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Selected 11 patients with small RCC who underwent partial nephrectomy using MTC during January 1998 to September 1998 were evaluated ; They were 9 men and 2 women aged 33-73 years. Three patients were indicated as single kidney and 8 were elected indication. Tumors were 1.4-4.0 cm in size, 6 located in the lateral position, 3 in the proximal position, 2 in the renal hilum. All patients were performed partial nephrectomy without clamping renal vessels and preserved renal function without serious complications. There were no significant differences in the operation time and the blood loss between this procedure and the conventional partial nephrectomy. Our results demonstrated that non-ischemic nephron-sparing surgery using MTC was a useful procedure and would apply to laparoscopic surgery.
Early Paleocene Paleomagnetic Results from Southern Tibet, and Tectonic Implications

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Paleomagnetic studies were carried out on the Paleocene sedimentary rocks at Dingri, Tibet (28°42'N, 86°50'E) along the northern margin of the Indian plate. Thirteen sites (about 120 cores) were sampled from limestone of the Zongpu Formation. Three magnetic components were identified after stepwise thermal demagnetization. The middle-temperature component records a remagnetization event, which is inferred to be a consequence of thermal remagnetization during the collision between India and Eurasia. The age of remagnetization, ~54.0 Ma, was estimated by comparing the measured paleolatitude and the expected paleolatitude from the apparent polar wander path (APWP) of the Indian plate, which corresponds to the time of final suturing between India and Eurasia. The preliminary result for the high-temperature component was determined by the intersection of great circles, which passed a regional fold test. The magnetic remanence reflects the primary origin, and probably was acquired at ~65.5-61.7 Ma. By comparing our Paleocene results with those from the stable Indian plate, we infer that the Dingri area was a stable part of the Indian block, and crustal shortening across the Main Central thrust (MCT) and the Main Boundary fault (MBF) in the southern Himalayas was paleomagnetically insignificant. The extension of greater India is estimated as ~1000 km.
PROS AND CONS OF 'ORBITA' TELEVISION SATELLITE SYSTEM DISCUSSED,

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A brief news article is presented of the Soviet Orbita, an artificial earth satellite system which now transmits television pictures and sound to 65 percent of the USSR. The next Five Year Plan will see a climb in this figure, 82 to 85 percent. A special seminar on 'Orbita' programming was held in Ulan Ude in the fall of 1969. It was attended by station representatives from cities in Siberia and the Far East. In addition to remarks concerning delays and disruptions in transmissions, the group also heard serious complaints against programming management and content. (Author)
Evolution of invasive meningococcal disease epidemiology in Europe, 2008 to 2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology has fluctuated over the past 25 years and varies among serogroups, age groups and geographical locations. Aim This study analysed the evolution of European IMD epidemiology from 2008 to 2017 to identify trends. Methods Reported number of IMD cases and associated incidence were extracted from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Surveillance Atlas for Infectious Diseases for individual European countries. Epidemiology and its evolution were analysed by serogroup and age group. Results Overall IMD incidence decreased by 34.4% between 2008 and 2017. Serogroup B remained predominant in 2017; despite a 56.1% decrease over the 10-year period, the rate of decrease has slowed in recent years and varies by age group. Serogroup C was the second most prevalent serogroup until 2016. Its incidence decreased among individuals aged 1–24 years, the main population targeted by MenC vaccination campaigns, but increases have occurred in other age groups. Incidences of serogroups W and Y were low but increased by > 500% and > 130% (to 0.10 and 0.07/100,000) respectively, from 2008 to 2017. Considering all serogroups, a marked modification of the evolution trends by age group has occurred, with increases in incidence mainly affecting older age groups. Conclusion Although the overall IMD incidence decreased in Europe between 2008 and 2017, increases were observed for serogroups W and Y, and in the older population when considering all serogroups. It may be necessary to adapt current vaccination strategies to reflect epidemiological changes and their likely future evolution.
A Virtual Campus Tour Service Using Remote Control Robots on Robot Service Network Protocol

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, there are increasing interests of integration between robot technologies and Internet services, and various cloud-based service platforms for robots are proposed. From these backgrounds, in this paper, we propose a virtual campus tour service which enables remote users to control robots in school campuses via the Internet. In implementing the service, we use Robot Service Network Protocol (RSNP), which is a common protocol specification for robot services. Therefore, users can operate various remote robots in various campuses via the proposed service. Furthermore, we conduct subjective and objective assessments on camera functions for the service, and verify the effectiveness of the proposed one.