jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Public supports preimplantation genetic diagnosis for couples at risk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives

Policies have been introduced to reduce sickness absence, but their effectiveness is largely unknown. In a natural experiment, we examined effects of legislative changes on return to work and work participation.

Methods

The source population consisted of up to 72 164 Finnish public sector employees with a permanent job contract in 2008–2011 (before) and in 2013–2014 (after). We used employees with a continuous sickness absence of at least 30 calendar-days (n=5708–6393), 60 compensated days (n=1481–1655) and 90 compensated days (n=766–932). We examined sustainable return to work (a minimum of 28 consecutive working days) with survival analysis as well as monthly work participation after a sickness absence, and annual gain in work participation after the intervention, using trajectory analyses.

Results

Sustainable return to work after 60 days of sickness absence occurred earlier after the legislative changes (p value 0.017), although the effect reduced towards the end of the follow-up. There were no differences in return to work after a 30 or 90 days of sickness absence. The largest annual gain, postintervention versus preintervention, in monthly work participation was observed among employees with 60 days of sickness absence and was 230.9 person-years/10 000 employees. The corresponding annual gains among those with 30 days and 90 days of sickness absence were 51.8 and 39.6, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the legislative changes, obligating early notification of prolonged sickness absences as well as assessment of remaining work ability and possibilities to continue working, may enhance sustainable return to work in the short term. Other measures will be needed to enhance work participation, especially in the long term.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodofluorination of 2‐Azabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐5‐en‐3‐ones and Related Compounds: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivities.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| July 01 1979 The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints, Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton. F. Ross Peterson F. Ross Peterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1979) 47 (3): 328–329. https://doi.org/10.2307/45060697 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation F. Ross Peterson; The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 1979; 47 (3): 328–329. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45060697 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © Copyright 1979 Utah State Historical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Abandoning Antitrust's Chicago Obsession: The Case for Evidence-Based Antitrust

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The antitrust community retains something of an inconsistent attitude towards evidence-based antitrust. Commentators, judges, and scholars remain supportive of evidence-based antitrust, even vocally so; nevertheless, antitrust scholarship and policy discourse continues to press forward advocating the use of one theory over another as applied in a specific case, or one school over another with respect to the class of models that should inform the structure of antitrust’s rules and presumptions, without tethering those questions to an empirical benchmark. This is a fundamental challenge facing modern antitrust institutions, one that I call the “model selection problem.” The three goals of this article are to describe the model selection problem, to demonstrate that the intense focus upon so-called schools within the antitrust community has exacerbated the problem, and to offer a modest proposal to help solve the model selection problem. This proposal has two major components: abandonment of terms like “Chicago School,” “Neo-Chicago School,” and “Post-Chicago School,” and replacement of those terms with a commitment to testing economic theories with economic knowledge and empirical data to support those theories with the best predictive power. I call this approach “evidence-based antitrust.” I conclude by discussing several promising approaches to embedding an appreciation for empirical testing more deeply within antitrust institutions.
In vivomodels of human airway epithelium repair and regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite an efficient defence system, the airway surface epithelium, in permanent contact with the external milieu, is frequently injured by inhaled pollutants, microorganisms and viruses. The response of the airway surface epithelium to an acute injury includes a succession of cellular events varying from the loss of the surface epithelium integrity to partial shedding of the epithelium or even to complete denudation of the basement membrane. The epithelium has then to repair and regenerate to restore its functions. The in vivo study of epithelial regeneration in animal models has shown that airway epithelial cells are able to dedifferentiate, spread, migrate over the denuded basement membrane and progressively redifferentiate to reconstitute a functional respiratory epithelium after several weeks. Humanised tracheal xenograft models have been developed in immunodeficient nude and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice in order to mimic the natural regeneration process of the human airway epithelium and to analyse the cellular and molecular events involved during the different steps of airway epithelial reconstitution. These models represent very powerful tools for analysing the modulation of the biological functions of the epithelium during its regeneration. They are also very useful for identifying stem/progenitor cells of the human airway epithelium. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in airway epithelium regeneration, as well as the characterisation of the epithelial stem and progenitor cells, may pave the way to regenerative therapeutics, allowing the reconstitution of a functional airway epithelium in numerous respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, cystic fibrosis and bronchiolitis.
Starvation phase of Physarum polycephalum: characterization of transfer ribonucleic acid.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have begun a series of studies designed to characterize gene expression during differentiation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. This work concerns the starvation phase of the sporulation sequence and describes some of the quantitative changes which occur in plasmodial constituents during the 3-day starvation period and also describes alterations in the transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) population. The results show that whereas the plasmodial tRNA content decreased by 75% during starvation, concurrent de novo synthesis of tRNA also occurred, and they also show that overall amino acid acceptor activity of the starvation-phase tRNA population did not differ significantly from that found in the growth phase. Of the 19 starvation-phase tRNA families assayed, however, 6 were found to have consistently lower acceptor activities than did their growth-phase counterparts. Reverse-phase (RPC-5) chromatographic analysis of five of those families failed to reveal any major differences between growth- and starvation-phase isoacceptors. The data suggest that the depletion and resynthesis of tRNA during the starvation phase results in a quantitative alteration in the composition of the tRNA population and that the alteration is tRNA family and not tRNA isoacceptor specific.
Gilligan’s Persfective Morality Toward Women in Short Stories Which Published in Kompas From 2010-2015

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on Giligan’s morallity concept that relate to three aspects of woman’s attitude which include pre-conventional (individualist), conventional (willing to sacrifice), and pasca-conventional (determine of decision). This research used content analysis method. There were 23 of 130 short stories from Kompas that taken as data of this research. The result of this research indicates that individualist of woman attitude is caused by her ego, safety, and anxiety. Willing of sacrife attitude is caused by pity and carinng; determine of decision is caused by cause and effect relationship which support by guilty, happiness, doubt, tough, hopeless, and desperate. Keywords: morality, Gilligan, women, short stories, kompas Abstrak Penelitian ini berfokus pada moralitas Gilligan mengenai tiga aspek sikap perempuan yaitu prakonvensional (individualis), konv­ensional (rela berkorban), pascakonvensional (penentuan keputusan). Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis isi. Data yang dianalisis dari Kompas berjumlah 23 dari 130 cerpen tahun 2010-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sikap individualis perempuan disebabkan oleh kepentingan sendiri, rasa aman, dan khawatir. Sikap berkorban disebabkan oleh rasa iba dan kasih sayang; penentuan keputusan disebabkan oleh hubungan timbal balik dengan disertai rasa sesal, bahagia, bimbang, yakin, putus asa, dan pasrah. Kata kunci: moralitas, Gilligan, perempuan, cerita pendek, kompas
Duncan Guthrie Institute of Medical Genetics, Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Scotland.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Unbalanced chromosome aberrations detected by routine chromosome diagnostic services can be used for gene mapping by gene dosage. This procedure, once discredited by early observations in Down's syndrome, has now provided some of the most precise intrachromosomal gene localizations known and these are reviewed. Cytogeneticists have an obligation to see that every opportunity is taken to obtain mapping information from suitable cases. Interpretation of cytogenetic findings may be improved by application of appropriate gene dosage studies, and examples are described in which a diagnosis was made possible by such studies. Cytogeneticists may also contribute to human gene mapping by application of the technique of in situ molecular hybridization. The localization of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes (IGKV) to the short arm of chromosome 2 reported at this workshop provides the first example of the localization of an unassigned, unique DNA gene sequence by this method. Combined with the use of chromosomal translocations, resolution of assignments to chromosomal sub-bands is possible, and, as suitable DNA clones become available, the technique should have wide applicability in human gene mapping.
Study on rats model of senile dementia by ligation of carotid arteries combined with injection of D-galactose and its application for behavioral evaluation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of different preparation methods on learning and memory of senile dementia rats model, and to offer effective rats model for efficacy evaluation. Methods Totally 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: 2-VO+ D-galactose injected group(group A); D-galactose injected+2-VO group(group B); 2-VO group(group C); D-galactose injected group(group D); normal control group(group E); 8 rats in each group. Except the group E, unilateral common carotid artery were permanently ligated in the rats of group A, the other lateral artery then were permanently ligated after 7 days. With the interval of one week, the rats were injected with D-galactose(60 mg/kg, once every day) for 6 consecutive weeks. The rats of group B were injected with D-galactose(60 mg/ kg) for 6 consecutive weeks, then their bilateral common carotid arteries were permanently ligated, the bilateral common carotid arteries were permanently ligated only in the rats of group C. The rats of group D were injected peritoneally with D-galactose for 6 consecutive weeks only. Finally, the water maze experiment was taken to explore the place navigation and spatial experiments; and their hippocampal CA1 region in the rats of each group were observed with electron microscope. Results Compared with group C and E, the swimming time and distance in the rats of group A, B and D reduced obviously(P 0.01), but there were rarely differents between the rats of group A with the rats of group B and D(P 0.05). Compared with normal group, obvious loss of pyramidal cells hippocampal CA1 were found in every other group, and their cerebral pathology had significantly changes. Conclusion The senile dementia rats model established by the method of permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation combined with intraperitoneal injection with D-galactose shows obvious loss in learning and memory, and has significant changes in their cerebral pathology, which represent the characteristics of the Senile dementia.
Combining Magnetic Flux Leakage and Optical Inspection Technique for Identification of Nearby Pittings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) is an indirect measurement technique. Therefore, calibration curves are generally used to estimate the depths of the defects from the measured MFL signals. This has been shown to give good results on varying degrees of the single defects. However due to the interaction between the leakage fluxes, nearby pittings can-not be discriminated and properly assessed using the conventional MFL technique. In order to ensure reliable measurement for this case, the MFL technique is combined with the optical inspection technique. The main contributions of this study are to develop a new calibration method based on the defect depth, defect area as well as the amplitude of the corresponding MFL signal and propose a novel combined approach for detection and identification of the nearby pittings. MFL and optical inspection techniques are applied to a test specimen containing the nearby pittings. The results obtained from the experimental tests demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Thinking and working through difference: remaking the ethnographic museum in the global contemporary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This ambitious chapter draws on a range of voices to examine what the ethnographic museum is and what it can be for the benefit of diverse audiences around the world. Taking their 2013 publication, Museum and Communities: Curators, Collections: Collaborations as a starting point, the authors critically consider their own work internationally, for example with ICOM (The International Council of Museums) and ICOM Namibia, as well as at everyday level with local communities, such as youth groups in Europe. Against increasing fear of difference, and movements to the right in world politics, they foreground the values of human rights, artist collaborations and the development of feminist pedagogy in museum work. Theoretically, the chapter unpacks the notions of the ‘human’, the ‘cosmopolitan’ and the inextricable relation between theory and practice that can underpin collaborative activities in museums of ethnography/world culture today.
243 Incidence of gynaecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Background*

On the 11th of March 2020, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was declared a pandemic. We studied the incidence and missed diagnoses in gynaecological oncology as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdown and overcrowded hospitals in the Netherlands.

Methodology

We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) on women of 18 years and older diagnosed with invasive endometrial, ovarian, cervical or vulvar cancer in the period 2017-2020. The incidence was calculated for the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (mean number of the period 2017-2019) and compared with the incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) for each type of gynaecological cancer. The number of missed diagnoses was calculated as the difference in incidence between the period before and during the pandemic. Analyses were stratified for age, socioeconomical status (SES) and region.

Result(s)*

The incidence rate of gynaecological cancer was 57/100.000 (n = 4921) before and 53/100.000 (n = 4682) during the pandemic. Comparing the incidence of the two periods for the four types of cancer showed no significant difference (chi2 p=0.23). During the first wave of COVID-19 (March-June 2020), a clear decrease in incidence was visible for all four types of gynaecological cancer (figure 1). Subsequently, large increases in incidence were visible. A total of 299 diagnoses were missed during the pandemic (6.2% of the incidence of the period before COVID-19). The largest number of missed diagnoses was observed in ovarian cancer (n = 157, 10.9%), followed by cervical cancer (8.3%, n = 76), vulvar cancer (7.1%, n=31) and endometrial cancer (1.7%, n = 35). No significant differences in incidence were found for different age groups, SES and between regions.

Conclusion*

In the Netherlands, a clear drop in incidence was visible for all four types of gynaecological cancers during the first wave, which was caught up in the second part of 2020 hence no significant difference with the period before COVID-19. The difference in incidence was not caught up completely, for 299 women walk around with missed diagnoses, which could result in higher stage disease or even worse.
Influence of Depth of Hypnosis on Pupillary Reactivity to a Standardized Tetanic Stimulus in Patients Under Propofol-Remifentanil Target–Controlled Infusion: A Crossover Randomized Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Pupillometry allows the measurement of pupillary diameter variations in response to nociceptive stimuli. This technique has been used to monitor the balance between analgesia and nociception. Under general anesthesia, the amplitude of pupillary dilation is related to the amount of administered opioids. The objective of this study was to determine whether at a constant infusion rate of opioids, the pupillary response was influenced by depth of hypnosis assessed by the bispectral index (BIS). METHODS: Twelve patients (14–20 years) anesthetized for orthopedic surgery were included. Under propofol-remifentanil target–controlled infusion, remifentanil effect site target concentration was fixed at 1 ng/mL. Two measures of pupillary reflex dilation were performed on each patient in a randomized order: one at BIS 55 and one at BIS 25. These levels of BIS were obtained by adjusting propofol target concentration and maintained for 10 minutes before each measure. For each measure, we applied a standardized tetanic stimulation on the patient’s forearm (60 mA, 100 Hz, 5 seconds). All measures were performed before the beginning of surgery. RESULTS: Pupillary dilation was significantly greater at BIS 55 than at BIS 25: 32.1% ± 5.3% vs 10.4% ± 2.5% (mean difference estimate [95% confidence interval]: 21.8% [12.9–30.6], P < .001), without carryover effect ( P = .30) nor period effect ( P = .52). Hemodynamic parameters and BIS were not modified by the stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: In patients receiving a constant infusion of remifentanil at a target concentration of 1 ng/mL, pupillary dilation after a standardized tetanic stimulation was influenced by depth of hypnosis assessed by the BIS.
Single-visit Apexification using Calcium Phosphate Cement

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

An immature tooth with pulpal necrosis and periapical pathology imposes a great difficulty to the endodontists.Endodontic treatment options for such teeth consist of conventional apexification procedure with and without apical barriers and revascularization.Calcium phosphate is a calcium silicate-based cement that exhibits physical and chemical properties similar to those described for certain Portland cement derivatives.This article demonstrates the use of calcium phosphates as an apical matrix barrier in root end apexification procedure.This case report presents apexification and follow-up of a case with the use of calcium phosphate as an apical barrier matrix.
Anab initiostudy of manganese atoms and wires interacting with carbon nanotubes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A systematic study of Mn monomers, dimers, trimers, and wires interacting with an (8, 0) semiconductor single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCN) is presented. Spin-polarized total-energy ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory are used to describe the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of all studied systems. For Mn monomers, either outside or inside the nanotube, the most stable configuration is found to be over the centre of the hexagonal site. The most stable geometry for outside dimers presents the Mn atoms adsorbed directly on top of C atoms, when in a high-spin configuration, whereas for a low-spin configuration the Mn atoms are adsorbed on bond-centred sites at opposite sides of a hexagonal ring, with the Mn–Mn bond aligned in a diagonal direction relative to the tube axis in both cases. There are many low energy configurations (at above the lowest energy ones) at distinct orientations, for both the low and high energy configurations. For trimers, two kinds of Mn structures are investigated: compact or open. The compact trimers are found to be more stable than the open systems by approximately 1 eV/Mn atom. A monoatomic wire in a zig-zag configuration has a binding energy that is intermediate between the open and the compact trimers, independently of the spin configuration. For all the investigated Mn structures adsorbed on the SWCN, either high-spin (HS) or low-spin (LS), the interactions between Mn atoms and between Mn and C atoms become stronger as the Mn coordination number increases. The resulting magnetic moments for all adsorbed systems are found to be close to their original values for the corresponding free Mn structures.
The reactivity of Cymbidium hybridum protocorm-like bodys vitrocultivated in liquid medium, depleted in microelements

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The nature of the chemical compounds, the proportion and concentration in mineral elements, as part of the culture medium’s preparation, they influence the growth and the morphogenesis of clones. Starting from these premise, we proposed ourselves to study the Cymbidium hybridum protocorms reactivity, in the cultivation conditions of those in submersing regime in liquid medium Murashige-Skoog (1962) (MS) [14], with a complete set of mineral elements, or damaged in one of those microelements as B, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Co or I. Those culture medium contained or not various growth hormones. After 90 days from inoculation, the most proliferative intense processes of the protocorms, we have registered in the practiced vitrocultures without iodine microelement, but in the presence of BA (2 mg/l) in the liquid medium, as a unique growth regulator (reference lot, considered 100%), the registered increases were 600% in the protocorms multiplication. The absence of iodine in the culture medium has determined the increase of the fresh and dry weight of the protocorms’ biomass, regardless the growth hormones content in the substratum, except the medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-D, from which, the performed observations made after 30 days from the experiment’s montage, were noticed senescence processes.