jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioenergy Potential From Waste Biomass Co-Pyrolysis: A Comprehensive Modeling and Experimental Investigation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Waste materials offer the potential for eco-friendly thermal conversion through pyrolysis, reducing waste generation and carbon emissions while yielding valuable products. A comprehensive literature review has highlighted crucial research gaps, underscoring the significance of optimizing process parameters and predicting co-pyrolysis product yields. This thesis underscores the promise of co-pyrolyzing diverse biomasses and plastics, resulting in accelerated reaction rates and reduced activation energy for enhanced efficiency, further enhanced by adding natural calcium-based catalysts. The study also elucidates the impact of feed moisture content and particle size on the reaction mechanism and process feasibility. Additionally, the research delves into the intricate influence of feed proximate analysis results, temperature, and heating rate on bio-oil, char, gas yields, and product composition, presenting these insights through quadratic empirical equations based on response surface methodology. Introduction of diverse catalysts - CaCO3, CaO, Ca(OH)2, and zeolite - during ternary biomass co-pyrolysis results in notable improvement in bio-oil composition, primarily reducing acids and elevating aromatic compounds. Further bolstering our findings, sensitivity analysis for quinary feed co-pyrolysis using simulation models substantiates the profound impact of temperature, heating rate, and blending ratios on product yields. In addition, the techno-economic analysis highlights the significant upfront investment but a relatively short payback period and a strong return on investment. Lastly, this study presents a thematic framework driven by systematic literature review findings for Qatar, encompassing recommendations for waste management system updates, including the need for a circular economy market establishment, stakeholder collaboration, and public-private sector cooperation. Therefore, future research and development endeavours should harness these novel insights to propel thermochemical waste management towards a circular economy, including bioenergy utilization, transforming the national paradigm.
A genomic investigation on hybrid sterility in house mouse using a two stage model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome wide association studies (GWASs) commonly used to search for genetic variants associated withquantitative traits. Pleiotropic effect of genes may cause the observed correlations among different phenotypes. This study proposed atwo stage multilocus model for pleiotropic GWAS using a Bayesian mixture model to take into account of both small and major geneeffects. The objectives of this study were to investigate if the two-stage model was useful for detecting pleiotropic genes using asimulated data set and to investigate existence of pleiotropic genes for testis weight and testis gene expression levels in house mouse.The analyses included relative testis weight and testis gene expression traits. The results showed that two stage model had higher powerto detect the pleiotropic QTL than the single marker model. It was also noted the possible economical impact of sampling informativeindividuals for the GWAS analyses by observing genomic trends in the simulated dataset. Two stage model detected 50 and 53 majorSNP effects using first and the second principal components. Additive genetic variation explained by chromosome X was found to be4% for the testis weight.
[Risk factors to be considered at the beginning of antihypertensive therapy in diabetes mellitus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients due to its high prevalence rate belongs to the everyday clinical practice of internists, diabetologists and general practitioners. The main points of the initiation on of antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients are reviewed. In order to decrease the target organ damages the treatment of early recognized cardiovascular risk factors are of great importance. The target value of antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients is < 130/80 mmHg (in case of proteinuria > 1 g daily: < 125/75 mmHg). The global cardiovascular risk is high or very high in diabetic patients both with grade I-III hypertension and with high normal blood pressure, therefore, treatment with antihypertensive drug (besides life style optimalisation) should be initiated promptly in these cases. In case of micro- or macroalbuminuria antihypertensive drug (mainly with characteristics of blocking the renin-angiotensin-system) should be given to each diabetic subject irrespective of actual blood pressure values. Success of antihypertensive treatment in diabetic patients could be achieved mainly with combination therapy only. It is reasonable to initiate antihypertensive therapy primarily with a low dose combination of two agents in diabetic patients with hypertension.
A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis on News Reports Addressing High School Student Enrolment Zoning Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Empirical studies drawn from a Foucauldian discourse analysis suggest the complexity of policy implementations. Policy construction and implementation involve a set of different stakeholders, causing many competing agendas from different bodies to interfere with the processes and making policy outcomes highly unpredictable. This study was set to investigate how high school student enrolment zoning policy in Indonesia was represented in major online daily journals, specifically during the two months of June and July 2019. The latest enrolment zoning policy has been considered to be too disruptive among both parents and schools. Utilizing a discourse analysis, this paper attempted to reveal what issues were addressed and what agendas or powers were contested. In this discourse analysis, it is found that the three online journals as the resources of the study were not strong enough in presenting the news. All of them have not discussed the student’s aspect as the implementer of the zoning policy.
The Doctrine of Rule of Law and Judicial Legal Positions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article comprises the analysis of the determination of the nature and essence of the rule of law as a doctrine and the general legal principle. The text explores the problem of correlation with the rule of law essential domestic legal principles - supremacy of the constitution, supremacy of the statute law, law-governed. The article focuses on the assessment of substantial characteristics of the rule of law in the judgments and legal positions of some international and national courts.
Role of Local Angiotensin II Signaling in Bladder Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Local renin-angiotensin signaling is present within various organ systems of the body. Angiotensin II signaling acts as a crucial mechanism of the renin-angiotensin signaling system. In this manuscript, we review current literature regarding local angiotensin II signaling in the urinary bladder. Our interest in this pathway is due to its potential role in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and other bladder diseases, which are chronic in nature and negatively affect patients' quality of life. Current treatments for bladder diseases are generally ineffective due to our lack of understanding of their pathophysiology. We evaluate literature investigating angiotensin II signaling in the bladder across several perspectives, including local expression and production, functional properties, tissue morphology, and clinical implications. Further, we identify gaps in knowledge and suggest areas where we can improve our understanding of angiotensin II signaling in the bladder.
MPs deplore poor progress in combating childhood obesity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The government's attempts to tackle childhood obesity have been beset by “dithering,” “confusion,” and “little coordination” by three key departments, the MP charged with investigating progress on the matter has said. Unless concerted action is taken promptly the proportion of children who are obese will rise sharply, he warns.

Edward Leigh MP, chairman of the public accounts committee, was commenting on the committee's latest report. The committee took evidence on how the Departments of Health; Education and Skills; and Culture, Media, and Sport planned to halt the rise in obesity in children and what they are doing to harness the support of parents and influence …
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LACTOSE-FERMENTING YEAST CELLS FROM DAIRY PRODUCTS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

One of the most valuable substrates in terms of the composition of important nutritional and biological factors is dairy products. The direct use of dairy products for food purposes is characterized by a combination of high acidity and special organoleptic characteristics. Yeast cells play the role of active ingredients in them, as they have a pronounced lacto- and bifidogenic effect. Lactose-fermenting yeasts are considered one of the main objects of molecular genetics and are widely used as producers of a number of biologically active substances. In recent years, a fundamentally new direction of industrial processing of milk whey and chubat has been actively and purposefully formed, as well as the basis for obtaining derivative components, which are targeted products. The purpose of the research work: isolation and identification of lactose-fermenting yeasts from milk whey and chubat. Growth dynamics of yeast strains were studied in Sabouro's nutrient medium, under aerobic growth conditions, and were also carried out using the methods of Bradford and Glushanov. In the course of the study, the microbiological indicators and taxonomic composition of the microbial community of milk whey of "Amiran" LLP and chubat of "Sarzhailau" LLP were studied. Physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of dairy products were studied. 2 yeast strains were isolated from substrate samples. The morphological and cultural properties of the isolated yeasts were studied, and as a result, IL1 and IL2 strains were identified as IL1-Pichia fermentans, IL2-Pichia fermentans.
Emotion during Organizational Transformations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Researchers have begun to incorporate emotion as an explanatory construct in organizational studies. The present study sought to determine how the expressed emotion of top-level managers in a Fortune 500 organization undergoing a major transformation effort was associated with their assessments of change activities and job attitudes. Computer aided text analysis and the Dictionary of Affect in Language were used to assess the emotional content of responses to open-ended questions along two theoretically grounded dimensions of emotion: pleasantness and arousal. Results indicated that a hypothesized interaction between the two emotion dimensions explained significant variance in attitudes dealing directly with the managers’ jobs. Reasons for assessing emotion in transformation contexts are discussed.
Private Nurses and Playboy Bunnies: Explaining Permissible Sex Discrimination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Discrimination on the basis of in employment is illegal - usually. In cases in which employers contend that sex-based hiring is necessary to protect the privacy interests of their customers, however, and in cases in which employers contend that sex-based hiring is necessary to provide a particular type of sexual titillation for their customers, courts sometimes do allow employers to discriminate. This paper seeks to explain and defend why courts distinguish in the ways they do between permissible and impermissible forms of discrimination in employment. Courts say that they allow discrimination in employment when it is necessary to preserve the of the business. However, this paper shows that there is no plausible conception of business essence that can explain and make sense of the existing case law. In other words, the courts' rhetoric simply cannot explain their actual decisions. Instead, courts' far greater permissiveness toward discrimination in privacy cases than in sexual titillation cases can be better understood on two other grounds. First, the courts' divergent treatment of these two kinds of cases reflects a standard liberal concern about group-based equality of opportunity. Second, the courts' decisions reflect a distinctly non-liberal hierarchy in which preferences for privacy are given priority over desires for sexual titillation because the former are seen as being more important and integral to an individual's sense of self. Moreover, within sexual titillation cases, courts rigidly bifurcate the work world between businesses (wherein discrimination is permissible) and non-sex businesses (wherein discrimination is impermissible), and they simply do not permit plus sex businesses (those that sell sexual titillation along with some other good or service) to exist. This paper argues that although these decisions are consistent with liberal equality of opportunity concerns, they are better justified on non-liberal grounds. These decisions promote women's intellectual and rational development by protecting them from the dangers of ubiquitous social sexualization. Indeed, women's intellectual development and achievement does seem to require, more so than men's, the preservation of social contexts in which they cannot be explicitly sexualized.
Bringing It All Together: Medieval English Economic History in Transition - The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Edited by Joan Thirsk. Vol. 2: 1042–1350. Edited by H. E. Hallam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xxxix + 1086. $135.00. - The Other Economy: Pastoral Husbandry on a Medieval Estate. By Kathleen Biddick. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. Pp. xvii + 230. $30.00. - Towns and Townspeople in the Fifteenth Century. Edited by John A. F. Thomson. Gloucester: Alan Sutton, 1988. Pp. xiii + 192. $28.00. - The 1341 Royal Inquest in Lincolnshire. Edited by Bernard William McLane. Lincoln Record Society Publications, vol. 78. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, for the Lincoln Record Society, 1988. Pp. xxxiii + 202. $37.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bringing It All Together: Medieval English Economic History in Transition - The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Edited by Joan Thirsk. Vol. 2: 1042–1350. Edited by H. E. Hallam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xxxix + 1086. 37.00. - Volume 30 Issue 2
Spore dispersal and infection of lodgepole pine by Dothistroma septosporum in northwest British Columbia.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spore dispersal and infection by Dothistroma septosporum which has severely attacked lodgepole pine plantations in northwest British Columbia were studied. Spore abundance was assessed at different distances and heights from single juvenile tree inoculum sources and microclimatic factors were recorded during two consecutive years. One- year-old lodgepole pine seedlings were exposed to natural conditions at the study sites for inoculation. Conidia were assessed from spore traps from June to September in 2009 and were present in the samples whenever rain fell, with a peak in July. It was rare to detect spores more than 2 m away from inoculum sources. The timing and number of conidia dispersed were strongly tied to the climatic variables, particularly rainfall. Infection of the seedlings by the fungus was strongly influenced by the exposure periods, number of spores and high relative humidity. The results suggest increasing the planting distances between susceptible tree species through mixed species plantations and promoting dry conditions within pine plantations may be valuable strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and manage lodgepole pine plantations in the area. --P. ii.
One-day diagnosis for symptomatic breast disease: a prime

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-1839 / One-day diagnosis for symptomatic breast disease: a prime by: S. Zhu1, A. M. Scaranelo1, B. Lord2, L. M. Jacks1, N. A. Miller1, D. R. McCready1, K. Bukhanov1; 1Toronto, ON/CA, 2Toronto/CA
Communicating War: The Culture of Information in Richmond during the American Civil War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Communicating War: The Culture of Information in Richmond during the American Civil War Get access Yael A. Sternhell Yael A. Sternhell Tel Aviv University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 202, Issue 1, February 2009, Pages 175–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtn022 Published: 25 February 2009
Immunomodulation in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hand and face transplants are becoming increasingly common, recording progressively more penile, uterus, abdominal wall, and allotransplantation cases reported worldwide. Despite current protocols allow long-term survival of the allografts, the ultimate goal of donor-specific tolerance has not been achieved yet. In fact, the harmful adverse effects related to the lifelong administration of immunosuppressive agents are the main drawbacks for vascularized composite allotransplantations. Research is very active in investigating alternative methods to induce greater tolerance while minimizing toxicity. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent promising cell therapies for immunomodulation in preclinical and clinical settings. Their clinical appeal is due to their easy harvest in large quantities through a noninvasive and well-accepted approach; they may well promote donor-specific tolerance and potentially reduce immunosuppression. Several experimental studies exist, but lacking review articles reporting current evidence. This work proposes a literature review on the immunomodulatory role of ASCs in vascularized composite allotransplantations. In vitro and in vivo evidence will be summarized. The role that cell passaging and upstream progenitors—the so-called spheroid ASCs—may play in modulating the immune response will also be discussed. Finally, this article will summarize current knowledge on biodistribution, migration, and homing of injected stem cells. This review may well provide useful information for preclinical and clinical studies, aiming at a breakthrough for donor-specific tolerance.
Holomorphic functions of finite order generated by Dirichlet series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given a frequency $λ= (λ_n)$ and $\ell \ge 0$, we introduce the scale of Banach spaces $H_{\infty,\ell}^λ[Re > 0]$ of holomorphic functions $f$ on the open right half-plane $[Re > 0]$, which satisfy $(A)$ the growth condition $|f(s)| = O((1 + |s|)^\ell)$, and $(B)$ have a Riesz germ, i.e. on some open subset and for some $m \ge 0$ the function $f$ coincides with the pointwise limit (as $x \to \infty$) of the so-called $(λ,m)$-Riesz means $\sum_{λ_n < x} a_n e^{-λ_n s}\big( 1-\frac{λ_n}{x}\big)^m ,\,x >0$ of some $λ$-Dirichlet series $\sum a_n e^{-λ_n s}$. Reformulated in our terminology, an important result of M. Riesz shows that in this case the function $f$ for every $k >\ell$ is the pointwise limit of the $(λ,k)$-Riesz means of $D$ on $[Re > 0]$. Our main contribution is an extension -- showing that 'after translation' every bounded set in $H_{\infty,\ell}^λ[Re > 0]$ is uniformly approximable by all its $(λ,k)$-Riesz means of order $k>\ell$. This follows from an appropriate maximal theorem, which in fact turns out to be at the very heart of a seemingly interesting structure theory of the Banach spaces $H_{\infty,\ell}^λ[Re > 0]$. One of the many consequences is that $H_{\infty,\ell}^λ[Re > 0]$ basically consists of those holomorphic functions on $[Re >0]$, which have a Riesz germ and are of finite uniform order $\ell$ on $[Re >0]$. To establish all this and more, we need to reorganize (and to improve) various aspects and keystones of the classical theory of Riesz summability of general Dirichlet series as invented by Hardy and M. Riesz.
Leading UK manufacturer probes the potential of six sigma

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detail the reasons behind, and the successful process adopted for, the introduction of a six sigma programme within a leading, and award‐winning, UK manufacturing business. Design/methodology/approach The paper outlines the driving factors behind the adoption of six sigma at Renishaw plc, and details how the training, along with the introduction process, has been focused on helping build firm foundations and overcome internal “scepticism”. The study also reviews successful six sigma projects undertaken within the company that have delivered significant manufacturing and transactional process improvements. Findings Despite initiative fatigue, ongoing business success and a culture wary of any approach that may hinder the innovation that is driving this success, the six sigma programme at Renishaw, which has been supported by a specialist training organisation, has taken root and is now starting to deliver significant business benefits. Originality/value Many companies have various concerns over implementing six sigma, including the belief that the “strict” process requires too much effort and that it can stifle innovative thinking. This case study details how one company's successful six sigma implementation programme is overcoming these and other “internal” hurdles.
Resistance, Resolve and Rights: The United States and the Effectiveness of Compellent Threats

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why has the United States struggled to coerce weak states like Serbia, Iraq and Libya with compellent threats? This paper draws on game theoretic logic on costly signaling to argue that issuing and executing military threats is not costly for the United States. Consequently, the willingness to issue and to execute a compellent threat is not an informative signal of the United States’ motivation to defeat a stubbornly resistant opponent. The United States’ status as unipole permits it to issue military threats in most regions around the world without risk. The United States has also developed a war-fighting model that minimizes the human, political, and economic costs of conducting military operations. Changes in norms about the rights of individuals have helped to spur this drive to minimize the costs of fighting. By eliminating conscription and relying increasingly on private military contractors, remaking the post-Cold War military according to the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) thesis, emphasizing operations that rely on airpower to reduce U.S. casualties, paying for military operations with deficit spending, and actively minimizing the collateral damage inflicted on target states, the United States has lowered its costs for employing force. These cost-reducing strategies also undermine the effectiveness of U.S. compellent threats, however, because they signal to target states that the United States lacks the motivation to defeat a stubbornly resistant opponent.