jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sr-Nd isotopic heterogeneities in high-grade metamorphic conditions: an example from the anatectic complex of Toledo (Spain)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Preliminary data on the study of Sr-Nd isotopes in metapelitic, restite-rich granitoids and anatectic leucogranites from the Anatectic Complex of Toledo (Centro-lberian Hercynian zone), reveal the absence of isotopic homogenization as it would be expected in a high grade metamorphic area in which important volumes of anatectic leucogranites are generated. Several factors as the short-lived metamorphic climax, the highly anhydrous conditions, and the source heterogeneity seem to be crucial for isotopic homogenization to be not achieved
Specific Electric Conductivity and Electrokinetic Potential of Porous Glasses of Different Compositions in Solutions of 1 : 1-Charged Electrolytes at a Constant Salt Level

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The specific electrical conductivity and electrokinetic potential of porous glasses (PGs) containing and not containing magnetite in the structure of the silicate matrix in the background of centimolar solutions of NaCl and KNO3 are studied in the range of pH 2–6. It is shown that the presence of magnetite in the glass structure has practically no effect on the values of the efficiency coefficients and electrokinetic potentials in the systems under study. It is found that in the acidic pH range for iron-containing PG, a decrease in the specific electrical conductivity of the pore solution is observed in comparison with the equilibrium electrolyte.
A GIS-based public GMO location register adaptdable to the requirements of the EU Member States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Directive 2001/18/EC regulates the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment. According to Article 31 (3) of this Directive EU Member States shall establish location registers recording the locations of GMOs grown for monitoring purposes and information of the public. As a partner within the EU-project PRICE, the German Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety developed a GIS-based location register (GLOREG) for GMOs, adaptable to the different requirements of the EU member states. Using a questionnaire the BVL asked the Competent Authorities of EU and non-EU countries in Europe for (i) detailed background information of their current location registers and (ii) their expectations on the functionality of location registers. This information should put us in the position to develop a location register, which is adaptable to the demands of EU-Member States (MS). Most MS already implemented the Directive into national law, even if they do not perform any deliberate release or cultivation of GMOs in their country. The Competent Authorities distinguish between deliberate release (mostly ‘experiments’) and cultivation of GMOs within their national regulations and notification rules. National regulations also vary regarding the organization of cadastral data in the agrarian landscape. GLOREG considers these differences with modular structure, which can be maintained, expanded or modified in its existing functionality according to the different demands. The modules are designed for language, customizable data, geo data, service purpose, authorization purposes, and farmer verification. We used open source software systems, libraries or frameworks for all components of the application. It provides an interface to its data via web service and can be installed on established operating systems. The user interface of GLOREG is web based and can be adapted to the corporate identity of the appropriate agency or organization. Four different clients with different access rights interacting with the user interface were defined exemplarily. For protection against unauthorized access these different clients got different certificates. A web feature service of GLOREG provides an INSPIRE conform access to the spatial information to cover the requirements of Directive 2007/2/EC (INSPIRE).
Check Imagery of Imprisonment M. Saad

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One Of The Most Important Issues Of Stylistics And Literary Criticism, Reviews Imagery Poets. Various Aspects Of Imagination Is Imagery That Includes Simile, Metaphor, And Irony. The Implementation Of This Research Is Descriptive-Analytic Method. In This Study, Four Categories Of Rhetoric That Covers The Area Of Imagery, With The Division Of The Different Aspects Of imprisonment By Masoud Saad Is Studied. Likened To A Form Of Credit, The Credit Side, The Singular And Combined, Compared, and A Quasi-Particles, Types Of Metaphor To The Validity Or Remove One Of Its Sides, Which Allowed Different Interests And Different Kinds Of Irony In Terms Of Mcnay Anah And Credit Vehicles And Parts In imprisonment By M. Saad Investigated. Masoud Saad Prominent Poets Khorasani Style And Mixed Style In The Second Half Of The Fifth Century And The Beginning Of The Sixth Century That Represents Many Of The Characteristics Of Persian Poetry Is Visual. He Utilizes A Variety Of Imagery, Emotions And Their Underlying Concepts Of Narrow And Dark Prison In The States. One Reason For The Durability And Beauty Of His Poetry M. Saad, Especially imprisonment, Imagery And Also Qualified Its Adornment And Beauty, Simple Word, Flowing Away From The Artifice. He Likened the Highest Frequency and Lowest Allowed In imprisonment of Its Frequency. The Projections Made In The Prison Environment Elegant, Artistic And Original Visual Language And Can Be Considered To Have Been Informed And Compositions, Created To Bring Innovative Metaphors And Similes.
Hookworm infestation as a cause of melena and severe anaemia in farmer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hookworm infections remain a major cause of morbidity in the developing world. Prevalence is highest in agricultural areas, where use of waste water for irrigation and poor hygiene increases infection rates among farmers. Infections present with gastrointestinal symptoms and chronic anaemia, and there are usually no signs of overt blood loss. The following report describes a case of melena in a middle-aged farmer, where the diagnosis of hookworm infestation was delayed due to the unusual presentation. The patient underwent multiple blood transfusions before referral to the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi and was managed conservatively with mebendazole at our hospital after exclusion of other possible causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. This case highlights the importance of considering hookworm infestations as a cause of melena in the older age group, where other critical differentials such as peptic ulcer disease and occult malignancy may result in delay in initiation of treatment and a significant financial burden on the patient.
Vegetation types influence fine-scale drought impact on land surface cooling and burn patterns in the Siberian coastal tundra

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In 2020, the Northeastern Siberian lowland tundra faced an extreme drought and unprecedented wildfires. The burning of carbon-rich soils in this region can release large amounts of carbon, worsening climate change and Arctic warming. &#160;However, we know little about of how droughts impact vegetation and how this vegetation might become fuel for large fires in the typically wet landscapes of the Northeastern Siberian lowland tundra. We studied the impact of the extreme summer drought in 2020 on the tundra vegetation and the resulting burn patterns in the Indigirka lowlands using a combination of in-situ, thermal, and multispectral remote sensing data from drone and high-resolution satellite imagery. The fine-scale vegetation types revealed increased landscape-wide drought susceptibility indicated by an overall loss of land surface cooling. This suggests a shift towards an energy budget dominated by sensible heat flux, which may feed back and intensify the heatwave. &#160;Further, we found that mostly dry vegetation types were affected by fire in the NE Siberian coastal tundra, while wetter vegetation types did not burn, leading to a fine-scale heterogeneous burn pattern. Our results indicate that the enhanced drought susceptibility of vegetation types may have led to higher fire fuel connectivity of the tundra landscape. Consequently, this may have resulted in the large burn extents observed in 2019 and 2020. Our analysis is an effort toward the prediction of fire fuel connectivity and fire management in remote Arctic areas.
The implementation of the national examination in Indonesian: Evaluating its usefulness and drawbacks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

National Examination (NE) in education system always becomes a debatable issue particularly in Indonesia. One of the never-ending discussions is that the disadvantages of the NE is assumed to overweigh its advantages that leads the government to plan the withdrawal of the NE in the future. Before the withdrawal of the NE is undertaken, the government needs to further consider some aspects in regard to the usefulness and drawbacks of the NE from different aspects. Hence, this paper will address three aspects of the NE implementation in Indonesia namely its social impacts on students and other parties, lack of usefulness of the NE results and potential misleading and inaccurate information of the NE results. Expectedly, the decision, whether it is to withdraw or maintain the NE, can be beneficial for the improvement of the national education quality.
L'enseignement de la prononciation: L'un des buts de l'Association Phonétique International

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The following text was read at the VIIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, held at the University of Leeds in August 1972. Its contents gave rise to quite a lively discussion, but it was never published. I think the problem still calls for a close scrutiny, particularly at a time when the Association is reconsidering its aims and procedures. Speaking from my experience, I based my argument on the problems of teaching pronunciation of second languages between the two World Wars. This was one of the more important tasks of phoneticians, especially in the UK and, to a lesser extent, in the USA; the results were excellent, often outstanding. Under the leadership of Daniel Jones, graduates from UCL acquired a thorough knowledge of spoken French, achieving a near perfection in articulation and intonation. Now, this was the avowed aim of the Department of Phonetics at UCL and other universities, which reflected on the curriculum and teaching procedures of grammar schools and high schools. An important dose of phonetic and phonemic theory was included in the course, to supply a basis for memorizing morphophonemic rules and the interface between sounds and spelling; some contrastive work was also included, contrasting English and French phonetic structures. It seems to me that this approach has now lost some of its appeal, and although phonemic transcription has gained a wider recognition since 1925, the overall aim of teachers is an acceptable approximation rather than a strict imitation. I submit this text therefore in the hope that it will be examined by the Council and the membership, to see whether it still has merit, and if so, to examine what the modern science of applied linguistics can do about it. It will be obvious to all that such teaching is closely associated with problems of transcription involving the choice and use of IPA symbols very much in the way envisaged by Peter Ladefoged in his recent circular letter.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of new methyl piperazine derivatives as anticancer agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background To overcome the problem of side effects and toxicity, development of new anticancer agents is needed. Recently, piperidine salicylanilide derivatives with nanomolar epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitory and cytotoxicity activity have been reported. In the present study effect of replacing piperidine in reported piperidine salicylanilide with N -methyl piperazine and changing substituent’s of phenyl ring at other end on anticancer activity have been explored. A series of sixteen methyl piperazine incorporated phenyl benzamide and phenyl methanone derivatives have been synthesized and tested in a panel of three cancer cell lines (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A-549), human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and human pancreatic carcinoma (MIAPaCa-2)), using gefitinib as standard. Further, to study the probable mechanism, due to their structural similarity with EGFR inhibitors, docking interactions with EGFR active site were observed using Schrodinger suite. Result The results indicated that most of the compounds showed promising activity; out of which, compound A-11 was most active having cytotoxicity much better than that of gefitinib. It showed IC 50 value of 5.71 µM against A-549 cell line, 4.26 µM against HCT-116 colon cancer line and 31.36 µM against MIAPaCa-2 cell line. Conclusion It was found that these compounds fit well in the active site and may be exhibiting anticancer activity via EGFR inhibition. Graphical Abstract
Undernutrition screening survey in 564,063 patients: patients with a positive undernutrition screening score stay in hospital 1.4 d longer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ackground: Undernutrition is a common complication of disease and a major determinant of hospital stay outcome. Dutch hospitals are required to screen for undernutrition on the first day of admission. \n\nObjective: We sought to determine the prevalence of the screening score “undernourished” with the use of the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) or Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and its relation to length of hospital stay (LOS) in the general hospital population and per medical specialty. \n\nDesign: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study at 2 university, 3 teaching, and 8 general hospitals. All adult inpatients aged ≥18 y with an LOS of at least 1 d were included. Between 2007 and 2014, the SNAQ/MUST score, admitting medical specialty, LOS, age, and sex of each patient were extracted from the digital hospital chart system. Linear regression analysis with ln(LOS) as an outcome measure and SNAQ ≥3 points/MUST ≥2 points, sex, and age as determinant variables was used to test the relation between SNAQ/MUST score and LOS. \n\nResults: In total, 564,063 patients were included (48% males and 52% females aged 62 ± 18 y). Of those, 74% (419,086) were screened with SNAQ and 26% (144,977) with MUST, and 13.7% (SNAQ) and 14.9% (MUST) of the patients were defined as being undernourished. Medical specialties with the highest percentage of the screening score of undernourished were geriatrics (38%), oncology (33%), gastroenterology (27%), and internal medicine (27%). \n\nPatients who had an undernourished screening score had a higher LOS than did patients who did not (median 6.8 compared with 4.0 d; P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that a positive SNAQ/MUST score was significantly associated with LOS [SNAQ: +1.43 d (95% CI: 1.42, 1.44 d), P < 0.001; MUST: +1.47 d (95% CI: 1.45, 1.49 d), P < 0.001]. \n\nConclusions: This study provides benchmark data on the prevalence of undernutrition, including more than half a million patients. One out of 7 patients was scored as undernourished. For geriatrics, oncology, gastroenterology, and internal medicine, this ratio was even greater (1 out of 3–4). Hospital stay was 1.4 d longer among undernourished patients than among those who were well nourished.
The bacterial flora of raw bulk tank milk of fourteen farms in the Winnipeg area

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The types of bacteria found in the raw bulk tank milk of fourteen farms in the Winnipeg area were determined over a ten month period, from 7-9 samples per farm, by plating in duplicate on Standard Plate Count Agar, incubating for 48 hrs. at 32o C, and picking 25 colonies at random from each countable plate for detailed study. Pure cultures were separated on the basis of the Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase test, gas production in lactose, and spore stain into eight categories. Of the 5550 pure cultures studied, 51.4% were micrococci, 20.0% Gram -ve rods, 19.2% streptococci, 2.7% asporogenous Gram +ve rods, 2.2% coliform organisms, 2.0% staphylococci, 0.2% bacilli, and less than 0.1% lactobacilli. The fourteen farms used in the study were classified as "good", "fair", or "poor" on the basis of the cleanliness as determined by visual examination of equipment surfaces with which the milk had come in contact. As conditions on the farm deteriorated, the percentage of streptococci gradually increased, while the percentage of Gram -ve rods gradually decreased. However, the milk samples of several farms possessed a characteristic flora irrespective of the colony count or the cleanliness of the equipment with which the milk had been handled.
Testing for slope heterogeneity in Stata

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we introduce a new community-contributed command, xthst, to test for slope heterogeneity in panels with many observations over cross-sectional units and time periods. The command implements such a test, the delta test (Pesaran and Yamagata, 2008, Journal of Econometrics 142: 50–93). Under its null, slope coefficients are homogeneous across cross-sectional units. Under the alternative, slope coefficients are heterogeneous in the cross-sectional dimension. xthst also includes two extensions. The first is a heteroskedasticity- and autocorrelation-consistent robust test along the lines of Blomquist and Westerlund (2013, Economics Letters 121: 374–378). The second extension is a cross-sectional-dependence robust version. We discuss all tests and present examples using an economic growth model. A Monte Carlo simulation shows that the size and the power behave as expected.
Stories in the flesh: Reading cultural narratives of tattooing in America

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach, this work analyzes literary, theoretical, anthropological, and popular texts in conjunction with field research in order to “read” American cultural narratives of tattoo and the proms of tattooing. My thesis is that the tattooed body is both an object and a subject actively writing to, from, and in collaboration with its culture around a host of body-related issues, including cultural definitions of gender, ethnicity, and class; interpellation of citizens and criminals; going to war; immigrant nostalgia and community building; and desires for artistic expression. By engaging theories of subjectivity, identification, transgression, performance, and the body, this work contributes to contemporary debates concerning the role of the imagination in shaping the body.
Consortial review and purchase of networked resources: the California State University experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The California State University System (CSU) utilizes a cooperative buying program to provide a wide range of electronic resources at the lowest negotiable prices. The System’s Electronic Access to Information Committee (EAR) surveys campus needs, identifies and reviews resources, and makes recommendations for purchase. The CSU Software and Electronic Information Resources Office arranges product demonstrations and negotiates contracts. This paper reviews the history and operations of EAR and SEIR, the Principles for the Acquisition of Electronic Information Resources, and the Criteria and Recommendations for an Initial Core Collection. The advantages, disadvantages, and future of this approach will also be considered.
Economic monitoring study: The fisheries sector in New Caledonia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In New Caledonia, subsistence fisheries account for 78% of all lagoon fish catches and 30% of all offshore catches. This fishery is extremely important to Melanesian communities because it provides a vital source of protein. The subsistence portion of lagoon fisheries accounts for as much as 80% of production in the Northern Province, and even more in the Loyalty Islands. It also provides additional income. Many fishers work at a variety of jobs. Economic monitoring study: The fisheries sector in New Caledonia
The Effect of Chronic Stress on Cellular Immunity: A Possible Alleviation by Praescent™

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is well known that chronic stress affects the immune system which is often suppressed during chronic stress affecting both cellular and humoral components of immunity. During chronic stress excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also produced which contribute to cellular damage, inflammation, cancer, and immune dysfunction. This project investigates whether Praescent™, a mixture of plant derived chemicals; cis-3-hexen-1-ol (0.03%), trans-2-hexenal (0.03%) and alpha-pinene (0.015%), can alleviate the negative effects of chronic stress on cellular immunity. In addition it explores whether there is a correlation between high levels of ROS and immune suppression. To answer these questions C57BL/6 mice were restrained for 35 consecutive days (4 h/day), injected with an antigen (ovalbumin) and exposed aromatically to Praescent™. Stress hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) measuring the total and free compartments of corticosterone within the blood plasma, and adrenals were weighed as a percentage of body weight to determine the physiological effects of chronic stress. The immunological response was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay’s (ELISAs) to quantify immunoglobulin-gamma (IgG) antibodies, and their subtypes IgG1 and IgG2a, and the ratio of IgG1 to IgG2a was also evaluated. Leukocyte numbers were determined by microscopy. The oxidative status was evaluated using 2′,7′-dichloro- fluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), a sensor of ROS. During chronic stress high levels of ROS were detected accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the number of leukocytes. In addition, there was a shift from cell-mediated immunity toward antibody-mediated immunity as evident by an increase in the IgG1 to IgG2a ratio. Praescent™ significantly reduced ROS levels and prevented the reduction of leukocytes following chronic stress; however it did not prevent the stress-induced shift toward an antibody-mediated immunity. Furthermore, Praescent™ prevented the stress-induced increase in adrenal weights. These results suggest that Praescent™ is an effective agent alleviating oxidative stress and preventing stress-induced alterations to the immune system.
Cross-border bank contagion in Europe

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses cross-border contagion in a sample of European banks from January 1994 to January 2003. We use a multinomial logit model to estimate the number of banks in a given country that experience a large shock on the same day ("coexceedances") as a function of variables measuring common shocks and lagged coexceedances in other countries. Large shocks are measured by the bottom 95th percentile of the distribution of the daily percentage change in the distance to default of the bank. We find evidence in favour of significant cross-border contagion. We also find some evidence that since the introduction of the euro cross-border contagion may have increased. The results seem to be very robust to changes in the specification. JEL Classification: G21, F36, G15
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Present in Human Colonic Neoplasms Serially Propagated in Hamsters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carcinoembryonic antigen, as measured by radioimmunoassay, is present in two different human colonic tumors that have been serially transplanted and maintained in the cheek pouches of unconditioned, adult golden hamsters. This finding shows that a human tumor-associated antigen can be produced in an animal host.