jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lactic acidosis in a patient with acute leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lactic acidosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute leukemia. The terminal phase of acute leukemia in a 22-year-old woman, heralded by lactic acidosis, is described in order to focus attention on the occurrence of this metabolic disturbance in the absence of overt manifestations of acute leukemia. As reported in other cases, the lactic acidosis in our patient responded poorly to bicarbonate therapy but dramatically to antileukemic chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of the lactic acidosis is unclear but it may be the result of an undefined 'paraneoplastic' metabolic disturbance induced by the leukemic cells.
The Use of Electroacupuncture for Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to compare cervical ripening outcomes, based on Bishop scoring methodology, of pregnant women receiving usual care treatment (UC) with those receiving electroacupuncture plus UC. A sample of 36 pregnant women completing their 39th week of gestation was randomized into one of the two groups. The women in the UC group continued to meet with their provider on a weekly basis until delivery. The women in the electroacupuncture plus usual care group met with their provider on a weekly basis and also received electroacupuncture treatments: three in the 39th gestational week and two in the 40th gestational week. Conceptual basis for the study was guided by and adapted from the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Model (Figure 1). An experimental research design was used for this pilot study with a sample size of 36 women; 18 in each group. The demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the participant’s age, gestational age, parity, and Bishop score. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for ethnicity, use of induction methods, types of interventions and mode of delivery. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare changes in the Bishop score and time in labor. Apgar scores below seven at 5 minutes were calculated using Chi Square methodology. Results from this study found that electroacupuncture plus UC positively influenced the timing of delivery (p = 0.051) and the method of delivery (94.4% vaginal delivery rate) compared to UC treatment alone (83.3% vaginal delivery rate). Electroacupuncture plus UC was not shown to be more effective for cervical ripening than UC treatment alone (p = .633); however, only 5.6% of participants in the lectroacupuncture plus UC group required induction with Cervidil® and Pitocin® compared to 22.2% of participants in the UC group. The use of electroacupuncture may be beneficial for cervical ripening, initiation of spontaneous labor, reduction of the time in active labor, and an increased potential for a vaginal birth.
Artificial Intelligence in Financial Services

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, Mathias Paul explores the topic of AI systems in the financial industry. After outlining different areas of application of AI in the financial sector and different regulatory regimes relevant to robo-finance, the author analyses the risks emerging from AI applications in the financial industry. He argues that AI systems applied in this sector usually do not create new risks. Instead, existing risks can actually be mitigated through AI applications. The author then analyses personal responsibility frameworks that have been suggested by scholars in the field of robo-finance, and shows why they are not a sufficient approach for regulation. He concludes by discussing the Draft AI Act proposed by the European Commission as a suitable regulatory approach based on the risks linked to specific AI systems and AI based practices.
A Study on Mode Transition Control between PCI and Conventional Combustion in a Diesel Engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the development of practical applications of premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion, it is necessary to ensure its robustness to both environmental conditions and fuel properties. Furthermore, combustion mode transition between PCI and conventional combustion in the dual-mode operation is required as PCI combustion is limited only in light-to-medium load operation. A simple mode transition scheme, however, tends to result in an increase in exhaust emissions. In this study, a new strategy to control mode transition with minimized oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and smoke spikes in transition was developed. In the control system, a real- time calculation of the heat release rate was performed using the in-cylinder pressure diagram for the feedback control of mode transition. The effectiveness of the mode transition control system developed here was evaluated in the JE05 transient test cycle. As a result, it was confirmed that the mode transition control system which controls fuel injection and air management systems using parameters such as a combustion index (MFB50 angle), intake oxygen (O 2 ) concentration, and excess air ratio allowed smooth combustion mode transition without increased exhaust emissions.
Gastro retentive floating drug delivery system of model drug using central composite design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The work plans to build up a Gastro retentive floating drug delivery system of Model drug using central composite design. The model drug is a drug which is used in the treatment of antiulcer. Extended-release tablets of model drug provide constant plasma concentration with a less frequent administration and also reduce the side effects to some extent. This could extend its safe administration and improve patient compliance. The present study aims to develop floating tablets of model drug using HPMC K4M, Carbopol 934 and an effervescent agent which can float on gastrointestinal fluid for sustained release and evaluate the model drug tablets in-vitro for their TFT, FLT, and drug release pattern. Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) refers to systems in which the drug retained in the stomach for a prolonged period that improves the bioavailability of drug substances. Any delivery system aims to deliver a therapeutic amount of drug to the specific site in the body to obtain rapid and then maintain a requisite amount of drug. The formulated tablets evaluated for both pre-compression and post compression parameters including weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro drug release and different pharmacokinetic plots. Final formulation was agreeable when assessed for all assessment parameters.
In vivo Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of Field Isolates of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The pathogenicity of 13 field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated from Georgia broiler farms from 1989 to 1992 was evaluated using the IBV and Escherichia coli mixed-infection model. Based on the clinical signs, mortality, and lesions, the isolates were classified as high, intermediate, and low in pathogenicity. The in vivo classification was compared with the serotype classification results obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The high-pathogenicity group was composed of five isolates representing three serotypes: Arkansas, Georgia variant (GAV), and Massachusetts. Isolates in the intermediate- and low-pathogenicity groups were all representatives of the Connecticut serotype, except for one isolate, which belonged to the Massachusetts serotype.
Application of a Novel Radioimmunoassay to Identify Baculovirus Structural Proteins That Share Interspecies Antigenic Determinants

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Immunological comparisons were made of baculovirus structural proteins by using a modification of the radioimmunological techniques described by Renart et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 3116-3120, 1979) and Towbin et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 4350-4354, 1979). Viral proteins were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and incubated with viral antisera, and the antibodies were detected with 125 I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Antisera were prepared to purified and intact virions from five baculoviruses: Autographa californica, Porthetria dispar, Trichoplusia ni , and Heliothis zea nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) and T. ni granulosis virus (GV). These antisera were tested against the virion structural polypeptides of 17 different species of baculoviruses. Specific multiple-nucleocapsid NPV (MNPV), single-nucleocapsid NPV (SNPV), and GV virion polypeptides were shown to have similar antigenic determinants and thus be immunologically related. The molecular weights of the virion polypeptides with cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identified. Antisera prepared to purified A. californica and H. zea MNPV polyhedrin (the occlusion body protein from NPVs) recognized antigenic determinants on all the polyhedrins and granulins (occlusion body protein from GVs) that were tested. No immunological relationship was detected between A. californica MNPV polyhedrin and any of the A. californica MNPV virion structural polypeptides present on either the virus isolated from occlusion bodies or A. californica MNPV extracellular virus from infected-cell cultures.
Catalytic Upgrading of Sugars to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. This technology pathway case investigates the catalytic conversion of solubilized carbohydrate streams to hydrocarbon biofuels, utilizing data from recent efforts within the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) in collaboration with Virent, Inc.. Technical barriers and key research needs that should be pursued for the catalytic conversion of sugars pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel and jet range hydrocarbon blendstocks have been identified.
Effectiveness of learning-based image codecs on fingerprint storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The success of learning-based coding techniques and the development of learning-based image coding standards, such as JPEG-AI, point towards the adoption of such solutions in different fields, including the storage of biometric data, like fingerprints. However, the peculiar nature of learning-based compression artifacts poses several issues concerning their impact and effectiveness on extracting biometric features and landmarks, e.g., minutiae. This problem is utterly stressed by the fact that most models are trained on natural color images, whose characteristics are very different from usual biometric images, e.g, fingerprint or iris pictures. As a matter of fact, these issues are deemed to be accurately questioned and investigated, being such analysis still largely unexplored. This study represents the first investigation about the adaptability of learning-based image codecs in the storage of fingerprint images by measuring its impact on the extraction and characterization of minutiae. Experimental results show that at a fixed rate point, learned solutions considerably outperform previous fingerprint coding standards, like JPEG2000, both in terms of distortion and minutiae preservation. Indeed, experimental results prove that the peculiarities of learned compression artifacts do not prevent automatic fingerprint identification (since minutiae types and locations are not significantly altered), nor do compromise image quality for human visual inspection (as they gain in terms of BD rate and PSNR of 47.8% and +3.97dB respectively).
Thermal Biology and Foraging Responses of Insect Pollinators to the Forest Floor Irradiance Mosaic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper examines the responses of the insect pollinators of the summer-flowering, understorey shrub, Lacandula larifolia (Labiatae) to the irradiance mosaic of the forest floor in a southeastern Spanish locality, and assesses the relationship between these responses and interspecific variation in thermal biology.Pollinators differed significantly in the mean irradiance at capture points (MICP), and a large percentage of species (59%) preferentially selected plants in either shaded or sunlit conditions.Taxonomic affiliation (at the order level) and body size explained 78% of interspecific variance in MICP.Dipterans tended to be restricted to situations of relatively low irradiance, whereas hymenopterans foraged over the entire irradiance gradient.MICP was inversely related to body size.Pollinators differed significantly in mean thoracic temperature (T,,), thoracic temperature excess (T,,, = T,, -T, [air temperature]), and slope of the T,,/T, regression (which may be taken as a rough index of thermoregulatory ability).Hymenopterans had higher T,, and T,,,, and smaller T,,/T, slopes, than dipterans.After accounting for this taxonomic effect, T,, and T,,,, but not T,,/T, slope, increased with body size.MICP depended significantly on T,,, and, to a lesser degree, on T,,, and species characterised by high T,,, tended to select low-irradiance conditions.The relationship between MICP and body size was thus mediated by the correlations between the latter variable and thermal biology parameters.In the hot Mediterranean summer, as in other thermally stressing environments.thermal constraints of the kind reported in this study may generate within-and between-habitat variation in the composition and size structure of pollinator assemblages, which may be consequential for plant reproduction.
A Survey of Butterflies at South Border Region in Hengduan Mountains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are 451 species of the butterflies belonging to 11 families and 212 genera of the south border region in Hengduaqn Mountains.114 species of them are Nymphs,whichis the maximum,the second is 97 species of Blues,and the third is 69 species of Skippers.The butterflies of these three cohich is families are naearly two thirds of the total in this area.The faunistic composition of buterflies is made up by 363 oriental species,15 Palaearctic species,13 species wide species and other 60 species.This result shows the basic oriental property in this area.
Caffeine Supplementation and muscle damage in soccer players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of caffeine supplementation and intermittent exercise on the muscle injury markers in soccer players. 15 male professional soccer players completed a placebo controlled double blind test protocol. 45 minutes before exercise, participants ingested 5.5 mg.kg-1 body mass of caffeine (EXP, n=8) or placebo (CONT, n=7). The exercise was 12 sets of 10 sprints (20 m each) with 10 sec recovery time between sprints and 2 min between sets. Blood samples were collected before (PRE) and 48h after exercise (POST). Serum activity of CK, LDH, AST, and ALT were quantified. Serum enzyme activity was enhanced by exercise in both groups, without a synergistic effect of caffeine. The findings suggest muscle injury markers concentration increases after physical activities, but caffeine supplementation (as used in this study) has no influence upon muscle cellular integrity.
Repeated Restraint Stress Increases Baseline Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chronic moderate stress contributes to hypertension in susceptible humans, but this has proven difficult to model in animals. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) become hypertensive with age and have exaggerated responses to psychological stress. We hypothesized that SHR would be susceptible to chronic moderate stress‐induced hypertension. Arterial pressure was measured by radiotelemetry in control (n=8) and chronically stressed (1hr restraint stress per day during the light period, 6 days a week for 4 wks, n=8) SHR. The average increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during restraint was not significantly different (P=0.09) on the first (35±3 mmHg) and final days (32±3) mmHg of restraint. Baseline MAP during the dark period, not directly influenced by stress responses, was elevated in both control and stressed rats with time, but the increase was significantly greater (P<0.05) in the stressed (12±2 mmHg) compared with the unstressed (4±1 mmHg p<0.05) rats. In contrast, nighttime heart rate was not affected by chronic stress. Parallel with the elevation in MAP, preliminary data indicate that microglia activation within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus increased significantly in stressed rats, suggesting involvement of neuroimmune mechanisms in stress‐induced hypertension. Supported by NIH #HL93186 (MPI)
MHIBS-Net: Multiscale hierarchical network for indoor building structure point clouds semantic segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient and accurate segmentation of indoor building structure (IBS) from complex indoor scenes is the primary task of indoor 3D modeling. At present, the research on semantic segmentation of indoor scenes mainly focuses on multiple types of objects, while there are few studies on semantic segmentation of IBS. In this paper, we introduce an efficient and lightweight multiscale hierarchical network MHIBS-Net for semantic segmentation of IBS point clouds. On the one hand, normal vector information (NVI) is added and a relative position encoding (RPE) unit is designed in feature encoding (FE) to better capture the local geometric structure information of the IBS point clouds. On the other hand, the traditional feature decoding (FD) process is improved by a newly designed multilevel hierarchy FD method. In this way, the MHIBS-Net can capture the local and global features of IBS point clouds comprehensively so as to realize automatic and efficient semantic segmentation of IBS point clouds. Finally, several groups of experiments are designed to compare and analyze the proposed MHIBS-Net with some classical semantic segmentation networks, and the Stanford large-scale 3D indoor spaces (S3DIS) dataset is used for experimental verification. Experimental results show that MHIBS-Net can achieve high-precision and high-efficiency automatic semantic segmentation of IBS point clouds in complex indoor environments.
A Chinese Renaissance: Three Decades of Inexorable Economic Progress

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As a political and economic entity, the People's Republic of China (hereinafter China) is regarded as the oldest country in the world. Since the period of the Qin Dynasty (221–204 BC) and the First Emperor, popularly known as Qin Shi Huangdi, China has been a united and prosperous empire. History credits Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi for initiating a sophisticated government structure that outlasted him for two millennia. For the major part of this period, China was a prosperous and well-managed empire. It was economically well-off, had robust domestic and international trade and was highly advanced in knowledge and technology. The Great Wall of China, legendarily 2,200 years old and 4,300-miles long, not only made a confident physical statement but also symbolized China's belief in itself as an advanced and refined civilization, eager to make an unambiguous distinction between itself and the "barbarians" beyond the border (Lovell, 2006). By the tenth century it had a professional bureaucracy, which administered cities and provinces with impressive proficiency. Its centralized political system was supported by intensive and well-organized agriculture, which brought prosperity to the society (Maddison, 1998). However, China lacked the entrepreneurial prowess and military muscle that the European countries and Japan succeeded in cultivating. A time came when its economic affluence went into a sharp decline and it was reduced to dismal poverty. In 1978, the economy began to make its now-celebrated U-turnKeywordsEuropean UnionWorld Trade OrganizationChinese EconomyForeign Direct Investment InflowForeign Exchange ReserveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Mechanism of Syncope After Coughing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

53 6-42 9/2/t53.. 215 Blood levels of over 30 mg. per 100 ml. are apt to cause toxic phenomena (coma with or without convulsions), and if the level exceeds 50 mg.the toxic phenomena can be lethal (Christie et al., 1951).To maintain this blood level in an adult requires about 40 to 50 g. of ethyl vanillate daily by mouth, and in a child 0.75 to 2.5 g. per kg. of body weight a day.More recently, Christie (1952) said that ethyl vanillate was the only therapeutic agent of any value in histoplasmosis, though it was not satisfactory.The patient here described received 45 g. daily from February 2, but part of this was vomited.From February 5 he received and retained 50 g.daily. SummaryAfter a brief review of the cases of histoplasma infec- tion previously published in Great Britain the second case of disseminated histoplasmosis to be reported is described.This case was fatal in spite of treatment with 45-50 g. of ethyl vanillate daily.Some information is included on culture of the organism, as in this case it showed certain cultural peculiarities.We are grateful for the help we received from many sources in the treatment of this case.We would particularly like to
Simple on-line observation and compensation of dead-time effects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Generally, there exist voltage differences between the voltage commands and the output voltages of the three-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter (VSI), which are caused by the intended dead-time to prevent the armshort of a leg and the nonlinearities of switching devices.These voltage differences (or voltage distortion) affect the current distortion, torque pulsations, and degradation of control performances.To overcome these drawbacks, a simple and low-cost observation and compensation method of the voltage distortion is proposed.The proposed method is employing model reference adaptive system (MRAS) techniques and does not require any additional hardware circuits such as voltage sensors.The voltage distortions caused by the nonlinearities of the switching devices are estimated by a voltage distortion observer which is based on the electrical model of the PMSM.And the estimated voltage distortions are fed-forward to compensate the voltage commands.In comparison with the previous existing methods, the proposed method has a simple structure and good performances.Also, it can be implemented without any extra devices such as voltage sensors and the computing effort is very small.The execution of the algorithm can be easily embedded in the existing systems without major modification.To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the experiments are carried out for the digitally controlled PMSM drive system.The experimental results verify the validity of the proposed method and show that the proposed method gives good performance and practical value.