jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Technology Characterization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is important for engineers to understand the capabilities and limitations of the technologies they consider for use in their systems. Several researchers have investigated approaches for modeling the capabilities of a technology with the aim of supporting the design process. In these works, the information about the physical form is typically abstracted away. However, the efficient generation of an accurate model of technical capabilities remains a challenge. Pareto frontier based methods are often used but yield results that are of limited use for subsequent decision making and analysis. Models based on parameterized Pareto frontiers—termed Technology Characterization Models (TCMs)—are much more reusable and composable. However, there exists no efficient technique for modeling the parameterized Pareto frontier. The contribution of this paper is a new algorithm for modeling the parameterized Pareto frontier to be used as a model of the characteristics of a technology. The proposed algorithm uses fundamental concepts from multiobjective genetic optimization and machine learning to generate a model of the technology frontier.
The 14C-glycocholate test in diabetic diarrhoea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty-four insulin-dependent diabetics, including seven with diabetic diarrhoea, were studied by means of the 14C-glycocholate (14C-GCA) test and various tests for autonomic dysfunction. The breath component of het test was abnormal in four of the seven patients with diarrhoea and one of the other diabetics. Three patients with diarrhoea and a positive breath test result responded to antibiotics, whereas two with diarrhoea and a negative test result did not. High faecal 14C, suggesting bile acid malabsorption, was found in only one patient with diarrhoea and he had previously failed to respond to cholestyramine. These results suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine does occur in some but not all patients with diabetic diarrhoea and that the 14C-GCA test can predict the response to antibiotics. All the patients with diabetic diarrhoea had good evidence of autonomic dysfunction.
MinION nanopore sequencing identifies the position and structure of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in a multidrug-resistant strain of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to use single-molecule, nanopore sequencing to explore the genomic environment of the resistance determinants in a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli serotype O51 : H30, sequence type (ST) 38. Sequencing was performed on the MinION Flow cell MIN-106 R9.4. Nanopore raw FAST5 reads were base-called using Albacore v1.2.1, converted to FASTA and FASTQ formats using Poretools v0.6.0, and assembled using Unicycler v0.4.2, combining the long-read sequencing data with short-read data produced by Illumina sequencing. The genome was interrogated against an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene reference database using blast . The majority of the 12 AMR determinants identified were clustered together on the chromosome at three separate locations flanked by integrases and/or insertion elements [region 1 – catA , bla OXA-1 , aac(6′)-Ib- cr, tetA and bla CTX-M-15 ; region 2 – dfrA1 and aadA1 ; region 3 – catA , bla TEM-1 , tetA and sul2 ]. AMR determinants located outside these three regions were a chromosomally encoded bla CMY-16 , mutations in gyrA and parC , and two plasmid-encoded AMR determinants, bla OXA-181 and qnrS1 located on the same IncX3 plasmid. Long-read analysis of whole genome sequencing data identified mobile genetic elements on which AMR determinants were located and revealed the combination of different AMR determinants co-located on the same mobile element. These data contribute to a better understanding of the transmission of co-located AMR determinants in MDR E. coli causing gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections.
Prices and Profits in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aim: We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of tumor doubling time (DT) and radical surgery when classified by DT in patients with metachronous liver, lung, or peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of 1941 patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC and calculated DT for recurrences using computed tomography. Results: Short DT was an independent prognostic risk factor in liver (p<0.001) and peritoneal (p=0.03) metastases. Survival was significantly better in patients who underwent surgery than in those who did not, both in short and long DT groups in any metastatic organ (p<0.01). Patients with long DT gained significantly better prognostic benefit from surgery than those with short DT in liver (p=0.01) and peritoneal (p=0.04) metastases. Conclusion: Surgery is recommended for resectable metastases, especially in patients with liver and peritoneal metastases with long DT.
On Taking Square Roots without Quadratic Nonresidues over Finite Fields

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a novel idea to compute square roots over finite fields, without being given any quadratic nonresidue, and without assuming any unproven hypothesis. The algorithm is deterministic and the proof is elementary. In some cases, the square root algorithm runs in $\tilde{O}(\log^2 q)$ bit operations over finite fields with $q$ elements. As an application, we construct a deterministic primality proving algorithm, which runs in $\tilde{O}(\log^3 N)$ for some integers $N$.
Latent profile analysis of mental health among Chinese healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The mental health of individuals has become increasingly important during the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the number of healthcare staff that are helping to treat the victims of COVID-19 all over the world, there is a lack of research concerning the mental health of healthcare staff, and of the prior studies carried out, the research has been relatively descriptive and has not used more sophisticated types of analyses (e.g. latent profile analysis [LPA]). The aim of the present study was to investigate profiles of mental health among Chinese healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample comprised of 456 healthcare staff, and participants completed an online survey including individual information and their working status during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included the Chinese Mental Health Scale (MHS-C), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Utilizing the LPA, two profiles of mental health (good mental health and poor mental health) were identified for Chinese healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to those with a good mental health profile, those with poor mental health profile had significantly higher scores on SAS and SDS. Female healthcare staff had higher mental health disturbances than males. Taking care and protecting the mental health of healthcare staff is very important in the fight against COVID-19. The need for employers to implement positive and effective measures among mental healthcare staff is likely to help them to cope better with mental health issues and improve mental health, as well as enhance resilience. Healthcare staff with good mental health can dedicate themselves to better nursing practice and nursing education during the COVID-19 epidemic.
A comparative study of the histoarchitecture of endocrine pancreas in Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822), Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) and Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The disposition and cellular organization of the endocrine pancreas were studied in three species of freshwater teleosts viz., Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822), Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) and Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) using histological techniques. In L. bata, the endocrine pancreas tissues were mainly distributed in the adipose tissue among the intestinal coils and adjacent to extrahepatic bile duct, while in S. aor and C. chitala, the endocrine pancreas predominantly attached with wall of the stomach along with exocrine pancreatic part. Histological analysis demonstrated that the endocrine components of all the three species were enclosed in a thin capsule provided with different cells, interspersed with blood sinuses. The cytoarchitectural analysis showed that in L. bata, β cells were usually arranged in groups while α cells were often interspersed with blood vessels. In S. aor and C. chitala, the rounded or oval α cells were usually arranged either in groups or scattered to the islets periphery and β cells which were densely granulated and typically stained with Aldehyde fuchsin (AF), Romies azan (RA) and Mallory’s triple (MT) were observed in the central areas of the islets and intercalated with blood vessels. The δ like cells were founded at a low frequency and intermingled with β cells and exhibited moderate cytoplasmic granules in L. bata, S. aor and C. chitala. Despite being the subject of extreme controversy, the nature and function of different islet cells were discussed.
Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Cases and Environmental Samples, and Analysis of its Antibiotic Resistant Spectrum at Hilla Teaching Hospital

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present study included 152 samples collected from different clinical cases and environmental samples in Hilla General Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2010 to January 2011. The age of the patients ranged from (6 to 65) years. The samples were immediately inoculated on pseudomonas isolation agar plates. All plates were incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24-48 hrs. Results of morphological and biochemical characterization tests revealed that only 48(31.57%) isolates were Ps. aeruginosa, while other 104(68.43%) represented other bacterial genera. Antibiotic susceptibility test for all the isolates was determined by using disc diffusion test (DDT) and rapid iodiometric methods. The results showed that, the Ps. aeruginosa isolates were fully resistant (100%) for each the following antibiotics; ampicillin, Cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, penicillin, doxycycline, and Erythromycin, while they exhibited moderate resistance to Amikacin 19(39.5%), ciprofloxacin 15(31.26%) and Polymyxine 29(40 %), and were sensitive to Pipracillin, Ticarciline in a percentage rate(20.08%)for each antibiotic. The bacterium was found to carry beta lactamase enzymes with high rate of resistance (66.6%). هصلاخلا
Two Cases of Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Perforation due to Obstruction of the Right Coronary Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

右冠動脈を責任血管とする急性心筋梗塞（AMI）に合併した心室中隔穿孔（VSP）を2例経験した．症例1は63歳の男性，右冠動脈の完全閉塞に対する経皮的冠動脈形成術後にVSPを発症し手術を施行した．術中に乳頭筋断裂を来たし僧帽弁置換術を要し，右心不全の治療を必要としたが，術後7週目に退院した．症例2は77歳の男性で，右冠動脈#2の99%閉塞にてカテーテル検査中にVSPを指摘，緊急手術を施行した．術後心エコー，心室造影では遺残シャントおよび僧帽弁閉鎖不全症（MR）は認めなかったが，術後4週目に突然，急性MRを発症し心不全にて死亡した．右冠動脈を責任血管とするVSPはその解剖学的位置からも外科的修復は困難であり，特に僧帽弁乳頭筋の壊死は僧帽弁置換術を余儀なくされる場合もあり，注意が必要である．
Statistical quality control to emission uniformity in micro sprinkler with autonomous photovoltaic pumping

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work aimed to evaluate a microsprinkler irrigation system using photovoltaic energy without energy storage. The influence of photovoltaic pumping on irrigation was evaluated from the Emission Uniformity, Shewhart control charts and Process Capacity. The experiment consisted of two amorphous photovoltaic panels connected in parallel, directly connected to a water pump, where the flow of the pumping system was carried out through a ½” tube (main line), to the irrigation system composed of four microsprinklers. The voltage and current parameters were collected, and the power of the photovoltaic system was calculated, while for the irrigation system the pressures of the four microsprinklers were measured to later calculate the flow rate of the irrigation system. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, where 25 days of collection were carried out, in the open, at four different times, from 10:00 am to 11:00 am, from 11:05 am to 12:05 pm, from 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm and from 3:05 pm to 4:05 pm . Power generation presented a low coefficient of variation throughout the day, which resulted in flow and pressure stability, culminating in an Emission Uniformity (UE) value qualified as excellent (93.66%) according to the ASAE. The values of energy generation, flow, pressure, and emission uniformity presented a Process Capacity (CP) value above 1.33, defining the process as capable and adequate throughout the analyzed period.
Effects of desipramine hydrochloride on peripheral sympathetic nerve activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tricyclic antidepressants cause orthostatic hypotension and have antiarrhythmic effects that may be partially due to effects on the sympathetic nervous system. We studied the influence of intravenous desipramine hydrochloride on renal (n = 12) and lumbar (n = 5) nerve traffic and mean arterial pressure in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits with sinoaortic and vagal denervation. Desipramine administration resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of renal and lumbar nerve activity that was markedly reduced or abolished by yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg iv), an alpha 2-blocker that enters the brain rapidly. In contrast, administration of phentolamine (0.75 mg/kg iv), an alpha 1- and alpha 2-blocker with limited access to the brain, failed to alter the responses to desipramine. Because renal nerves are postganglionic and lumbar nerves are preganglionic, desipramine does not act via a ganglionic mechanism. Our results are best explained by an effect of desipramine on the sympathetic nervous system mediated via central alpha 2-receptors. This sympathoinhibitory effect of desipramine may contribute to its postural hypotensive effect and to its efficacy as an antiarrhythmic agent.
Interpretation and Leisure Science: A Hermeneutical Example of Past and Present Oracles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Knowledge of leisure has been mainly conveyed in written sources. Contemporary leisure research depends on this literature for the “preknowledge” needed to achieve improved and additional knowledge. Language, however, is frequently vague and ambiguous. Furthermore, it is historically conditioned, leading to meanings that are often different than our own. Valid understanding, therefore, is a complex endeavor demanding language skills and historical background. Text hermeneutics attempts to understand the meaning and relevance of written works using interpretive methods. The paucity of hermeneutics in leisure studies, however, has produced mistakes and misdirection. Subjective and classical leisure are juxtaposed in this paper to demonstrate the necessity of hermeneutical inquiry in leisure studies.
THE EFFECT OF CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, RETURN ON ASSETS, AND COMPANY SIZE ON STOCK PRICE (EMPIRICAL STUDY ON PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2017 - 2021)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The average value of share prices in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2021 shows a change in the average share price in 2017 of 2,082.20, then decreased in 2018 to 1,922.30. In 2019 it decreased again to 1,588.40, then in 2020 it increased to 4,705.90 and in 2021 it started to decline again to 3,402.20, so it can be interpreted that stock prices are always changing. Changes in the share price are influenced by investor considerations in purchasing shares based on the performance of the company's financial statements. This study aims to determine the effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Assets, and Company Size on Share Price in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 - 2021. The samples of this study were 9 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2021. This research was conducted using multiple linear regression methods with the help of the SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2016 programs. The results showed that Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return on Assets had no significant effect on stock prices, while company size had a significant effect on stock prices.
A philosophical anchor for creating inclusive communities in early childhood education: Anti-bias philosophy and te Whāriki: Early childhood curriculum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The basic premise of this paper is that inclusion in early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand is a worthy focus of early childhood education curriculum and that an anti-bias philosophy assists in developing curriculum that is inclusive. It is claimed that the early childhood curriculum in Aotearoa New Zealand is an emancipatory one, and arguments for activism and anti-bias principles in support of curriculum implementation are made. Drawing on anti-bias principles, the current curriculum statement (Te Whariki: Early Childhood Curriculum) is examined to ascertain what support for anti-bias foci exists. Teaching strategies based upon discussion, critical thinking and an awareness of diversity themes/difference are considered in support of active anti-bias work in early childhood education.
Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from giant reed (Arundo donax L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Single-layer experimental particleboards were made from various sizes of Arundo donax particles bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. The experimental panels were tested for their mechanical strength including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), screw holding strength (SH), and physical properties (density, moisture content, thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA)) according to the procedures defined by European Union (EN) Standards. The overall results showed that most panels exceeded the EN Standards for MOE, MOR, and IB. The mechanical properties of the particleboard were enhanced as the density increased. Particle size was found to have a profound effect on the board properties.
The effectiveness of training educators on their ability to identify function of problem behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training educators in the pre - behavioral intervention process of functional behavioral assessment. An original evaluation instrument was developed entitled, The Survey for Students Exhibiting Challenging Behavior. The instrument included measures of participating educators, knowledge of function of problem behavior and their ability to generate recommendations for a behavior intervention plan. The instrument was distributed to schools in a large urban district and completed by special educators. Educators trained and untrained in the functional behavioral assessment process were compared in the study.\nThe study incorporated a post - test only design. All instruments were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA. Those educators who were trained in the district functional behavioral assessment program answered general questions related to function of problem behavior significantly better than those who did not receive training. There is no significant difference between educators on their ability to generate recommendations for behavior intervention plans. It is important that educators receive training in functional behavioral assessment to gain an understanding of the basic notions being function of problem behavior. Current training does not translate into educators' ability to make strong recommendations for behavior intervention plans.
Comparative Study on Cost Analysis of Mechanical and Manual Transplanting of Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Telangana, rice cultivation predominantly relies on traditional manual transplanting, which requires a significant labor force. However, the migration of agricultural laborers to urban areas in search of better wages has led to a shortage of workers, particularly during the critical transplanting season. To address this labor shortage and reduce cultivation costs, an efficient and cost-effective method of rice transplanting is essential, without compromising grain yield. To explore such a solution, Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Jammikunta, Karimnagar district, conducted 30 frontline demonstrations between 2018-19 and 2020-21, showcasing rice cultivation using a self-propelled, walk-behind six-row mechanical transplanter. The performance of this mechanical method was evaluated by collecting data on various growth parameters, including plant height, number of productive tillers per hill, panicle length, grains per panicle, and grain yield, and comparing it with traditional manual transplanting. Economic analysis revealed that the gross returns from mechanical transplanting were Rs. 135,956, compared to Rs. 128,629 for manual transplanting. Similarly, the net returns for mechanical and manual methods were Rs. 95,106 and Rs. 82,204, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio was found to be 3.32 for mechanical transplanting and 2.77 for manual transplanting. These findings indicate that mechanical rice transplanting offers a viable, cost-effective alternative, reducing labor requirements and drudgery while delivering higher yields.
The disappearance of the dowry: womens, families and social change in São Paulo, 1600-1900

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Durante muitos anos o tema familia foi considerado reduto de antropologos, sociologos e genealogistas. Os historiadores pareciam nao se interessar por uma area onde nao tinham tradicao de pesquisas, na qual outros profissionais ja tinham formulado nas decadas 20, 30 e 40 as diretrizes ideologicas de um pensamento que vigoraria por muitas decadas sobre a natureza, a estrutura, a funcao e conceito de familia brasileira. So entao, pelos anos 50 e 60, preocupacoes revisionistas giraram em tomo de classes sociais, aspectos regionais e mudancas sociais. Foi na decada de 70 e sobretudo a partir da de 80, que um amplo processo de revisao dos grandes mitos e arquetipos caracterizou a discussao sobre patriarcalismo o qual aparece associado a mudancas ocorridas na sociedade brasileira no periodo colonial e ao longo do seculo XIX. A partir dai os historiadores iniciaram um dialogo proficuo com seus colegas das Ciencias Sociais. E portanto neste contexto que se insere The Disappearance of the Dowry: Women, Families and Social