jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Internet, Global Healthcare Management Systems, and Sustainable Development: Future Scenarios

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Telecommunications technologies and the Internet offer a revolution in management of global healthcare systems and sustainable development. This paper explores emergent telecommunications infrastructures and their consequences for the future of healthcare management using a scenario methodology. A world systems view from evolutionary economics provides a unique perspective on sustainable development. System performance on the dimensions of universal access, equitable resource allocation and consumer participation are evaluated in light of ideological, political and cultural considerations of governance. Alternative scenarios vary according to market dynamics led by healthcare institutions (push) or by consumer demand (pull), and according to system control mechanisms that may be technologically embedded, institutional or behavioural. The scenario analysis suggests that telecommunications technologies and the Internet may contribute significantly to improve global healthcare system performance, to manage ideological diversity and to reduce the wide inequities that separate the industrialized nations from the developing world.
Mechanism of up-regulation on gap junctional intercellular communication by all-trans retinoic acid in human endometriotic stromal cells in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To explore the possible mechanism underlying the up-regulation on gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC) by all-transretinoic acid(ATRA) in human endometriotic stromal cells.METHODS: Ectopic endometrial stromal cells isolated from human endometriotic tissues were treated with 0.1,1 and 10 μmol/L ATRA for 24,48,72,96 and 120 h,respectively,and control groups were introduced simultaneously.Laser scanning confocal microscope was applied to determine the function of GJIC in these stromal cells.Cx43,Cx26 and Cx32,which are associated with GJIC,were investigated at the mRNA and protein levels.RESULTS: The ability of fluorescence recovery was enhanced significantly in endometriotic stromal cells exposed to 1 and 10 μmol/L ATRA.No evidence for fluorescence recovery was confirmed in endometriotic stromal cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L ATRA.Cx43,Cx26 and Cx32 were not detected at mRNA and protein levels in control groups.Treatment of endometriotic stromal cells with 1,10 μmol/L ATRA for 72 h induced the expressions of Cx43 mRNA and protein while lost the same effects on Cx26 and Cx32.The function of GJIC in endometriotic stromal cells was only associated with dephosphorylated Cx43 protein.CONCLUSION: ATRA induces selectively the expressions of Cx43 mRNA and dephosphorylated Cx43 protein in endometriotic stromal cells,and then GJIC in these cells are effectively up-regulated,which implys that ATRA may be a potential drug to administer the patients suffering from endometriosis.
Conference Proceedings CIVAE 2020. 2nd Interdisciplinary and Virtual Conference on Arts in Education October 28-29, 2020

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Inclou: "Conexiones entre educación artística y el Marco de Resiliencia para jóvenes en situación de vulnerabilidad" Laura Fernández-Rodrigo, Daniel Gutiérrez-Ujaque. p. 61-63. "Navegando entre frecuencias: Una experiencia educativa a través de la música, el arte contemporáneo y la astronomía" Daniel Gutiérrez-Ujaque. p. 93-97.
Selective and Efficient Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate with Copper‐Based Catalysts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The high stability and persistence of nitrates in water poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. To effectively reduce the nitrate content in wastewater, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO 3 RR) is widely recognized as an ideal treatment method due to its high reliability and efficiency. The selection of catalyst material plays a decisive role in e‐NO 3 RR performance. Copper‐based catalysts, with their ease of acquisition, high activity, and selectivity for NH 3 , have emerged as the most promising candidates for e‐NO 3 RR applications. In this paper, the mechanism of e‐NO 3 RR is first introduced. Then the relationship between structural properties and catalytic performance of copper‐based catalysts is analyzed in detail from four aspects: nanomaterials, oxides, monoatomic, and bimetallic materials. Strategies for constructing efficient catalysts are discussed, including surface modulation, defect engineering, heteroatom doping, and coordination effects. Finally, the challenges and prospects of copper‐based catalysts with high e‐NO 3 RR performance in practical applications are outlined.
Israel’s Earliest Historical Traditions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The ancestral narratives in Genesis 12–49 and the exodus account (Exod 1–19) fall into the category of foundational stories. This chapter traces the many pathways of cultural memory and the salient features that eventually grew into the completed narratives of the received biblical text. Thus the stories about each of the ancestors provide a genealogical framework for both the tribes as well as the nation of Israel. In turn, the connection between the ancestral narratives and the story of the people’s sojourn in Egypt leads up to a further clarification of God’s covenantal promise to Abraham and Moses.
CHROMOSOME ORGANIZATION AND GENIC EXPRESSION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During the past six years, a study of the behavior of a number of newly arisen mutable loci in maize has been undertaken. This study has provided a unique opportunity to examine the mutation process at a number of different loci in the chromosomes. For some of these loci, several independent inceptions of instability have occurred during the progress of this study. The types of mutation that appear, and the types of instability expression, need not be the same at any one locus. In fact, comparisons of the behavior of these different mutable conditions at a particular locus have shown striking diversity, not only with regard to the changes in phenotypic expression that result from mutations at the locus, but also with regard to the manner in which mutability is controlled.
Reply on RC1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Lakes experience anthropogenically-forced changes that may initiate ecosystem feedbacks, in some cases reaching tipping points beyond which impacts become hard to reverse. Lakes are also important players in the global climate by ventilating a large share of terrestrial carbon back to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, and will likely provide substantial feedbacks to climate change. In this paper we address various major changes in lake ecosystems, and discuss if tipping points can be identified, predicted, or prevented in them, along with their associated feedbacks to climate change. Potential tipping dynamics assessed include eutrophication-driven anoxia and internal phosphorus-loading, increased loading of organic matter from terrestrial to lake ecosystems (lake “browning”), lake formation or disappearance in response to cryosphere shifts, switching from nitrogen to phosphorus limitation, salinization, and the spread of invasive species. We also address other types of abrupt, or threshold-type shifts in lakes and ponds, and conclude on which tipping points are locally or regionally relevant. We identify a key set of co-drivers that could lead to self-sustaining feedbacks, with warming, browning, and eutrophication leading to increased lake stratification, heterotrophy, and algal mass, which separately or collectively drive benthic oxygen depletion and in turn increased greenhouse gas emissions (helping to drive further warming and organic matter loading) and internal phosphorus-loading (driving further eutrophication). Several of these processes can feature tipping points, which further warming will likely make easier to reach. We argue that the full importance of the vulnerability of lakes to climate and other anthropogenic impacts, as well as their feedback to climate is not yet fully acknowledged, so there is a need both for science and communication in this regard.
The clinical value of novel Hybrid 3D Lobar Quantification SPECT Lung ventilation/perfusion scan in predicting remaining lung function for lobectomy lung cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1771 Objectives To investigate the clinical value of Hybrid 3D lobar quantification SPECT lung Ventilation /Perfusion scan in predicting the remaining lung function, compared with clinical routine respiratory function test, Pre and post lobectomy Hybrid 3D lobar quantification results were also compared. Methods 115 patients with suspected lung cancer were enrolled, All the patients underwent an Independent diagnostic CT and SPECT lung V/Q scan before and post lobectomy. Diagnostic CT was co-registered with attenuation corrected SPECT V/Q images. A 3D segmentation algorithm was used to automatically extract the left and right lung from the Diagnostic CT. The lung regions was further split into lobar regions by semi-automatically placing points along the lobar boundaries (fissures). Once the lobar regions were accepted ,they are added to the SPECT V/Q images and the relative percentage contribution of each lobe is computed for both ventilation and perfusion. All the results were compared with clinical routine respiratory function test criterion ( FEV1, VC, FEV1%, MVV ). Pre and post surgery Hybrid 3D lobar quantification lung V/Q results were compared ,The difference between the two methods and two point time scan were tested for significance using nonparametric test or x2 test . Results The agreement rate of predicting the remaining lung function between lung V/Q Hybrid 3D quantification and clinical routine function test was 97.8%( 101/115; X2=0.158, P>0.05, While pre and post lobectomy lung V/Q Hybrid 3D quantification results were no significant difference ( the remaining Perfusion 75.8±8.71%,78.3±5.39%, X2=1.14 P>0.05 respectively , the remaining ventilation :83.1±3.42%,81.2±5.1% , X2=1.23, P>0.05 respectively) Conclusions Hybrid 3D lobar quantification of lung V/Q method can predict accurate postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing lobectomy.
Overexpression of FOXO3, MYD88, and GAPDH Identified by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization in Esophageal Cancer Is Associated with Autophagy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To find genes involved in tumorigenesis and the development of esophageal cancer, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used to identify genes that are overexpressed in esophageal cancer tissues compared to normal esophageal tissues. In our SSH library, the forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) genes were the most highly upregulated genes, and they were selected for further studies because of their potential role in the induction of autophagy. Upregulation of these genes was also observed in clinical samples using qRT-PCR. In addition, coexpression analysis of the autophagy-related genes Beclin1, ATG12, Gabarapl, PIK3C3, and LC3 demonstrated a significant correlation between the differentially overexpressed genes and autophagy. Autophagy is an important mechanism in tumorigenesis and the development of chemoresistance in cancer cells. The upregulation of FOXO3, GAPDH, and MYD88 variants in esophageal cancer suggests a role for autophagy and provides new insight into the biology of esophageal cancer. We propose that FOXO3, GAPDH, and MYD88 are novel targets for combating autophagy in esophageal cancer.
‘Does the Professor Talk to God?’: Countertransference and Jewish Identity in the Case of Little Hans

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Freud's case of Little Hans occupies a crucial position in his elaboration of the Oedipus complex. This paper calls into question the universality of Freud's paradigm from the standpoint of race by excavating submerged countertransferential features of the text. A 1942 paper by Max Graf, Little Hans's father, reveals both that Freud gave the boy a birthday gift of a rocking horse and was responsible for the decision to raise him as a Jew (and hence to have him circumcised). Freud's gift bears an obvious connection to Hans's phobia, but he makes no mention of it in his case history. Nor does he disclose that the boy is Jewish; only in a footnote does he touch on the theme of Jewishness when he ascribes anti-Semitism to the castration complex. Freud's effacing of Hans's Jewish identity is an attempt to efface his own, but when Freud calls the Oedipus complex his ‘shibboleth,’ his choice of a Greek hero as the representative of humanity is undercut by the reminder of Jewish difference.
Clinical Measurement of Early Stuttering Severity: The Reliability of a 10-point Scale

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The clinical use of a scale to measure the severity of early stuttering is a convenient and valid procedure, which alleviates some problems that arise when clinicians attempt stuttering-count measures with young children. This study assessed the reliability of three groups of listeners in assigning a single rating on a 10-point scale to measure the severity of stuttered speech in 5-min speech samples from young children. The three rater groups were (1) clinicians experienced in stuttering management, (2) generalist clinicians, and (3) non-clinicians. Results showed promising intra-rater agreement, inter-rater agreement, and intraclass correlations for the three groups. Further, data trends suggested that training procedures for the use of the severity scale might be a productive line of future research.
Electrical stimulation of the hippocampus and acquisition of the conditioned avoidance response in shuttle-box in cats.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of electrical stimulation and electrolytic lesions of the posterior part of the hippocampus on acquisition of the active avoidance response (AAR) in shuttle-box were studied in 35 cats. Both weak or strong hippocampal stimulation applied simultaneously with conditioned stimulus (CS) facilitated the acquisition of AAR. After discontinuation of stimulation the level of AAR performance in response to CS alone decreased in cats trained with the use of strong stimulation. However, if the stimulation was applied before each experimental session the level of AAR performance did not differ from that observed during the final phase of training. These changes of AAR were not observed in cats trained with the use of weak stimulation. The application of hippocampal stimulation alone did not evoke AAR in shuttle-box after training independently of stimulation parameters. There were no differences in the speed of AAR acquisition between unoperated cats, implanted controls and cats with lesions in the posterior part of the hippocampus.
Understanding the cognitive mechanisms behind numerical cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Quantities and numbers have shaped the collective course of human history, governing trade, science, mathematics, and warfare. The cognitive mechanisms that allow us to compare two quantities, or identify one numeral from another, are not well understood. In this thesis, I investigate the processes that govern numerical cognition. I present a series of investigations that identify how we combine information from two large quantities and two small quantities. Specifically, I identify the processing architecture (parallel vs serial) and workload capacity (efficiency) of these cognitive processing systems. I then extend this work with a simulation study to develop a new set of distributional signatures that can be used to identify mixtures of parallel and serial processing architectures. Finally, I engage in a cross-cultural investigation into the mental representations of numbers. By using confusion scores, I model the mental representations of Arabic, Thai, Chinese and dot numerals, in an English speaking and Chinese speaking cohort. This investigation shows how mental representations change with levels of expertise. This thesis develops new methods and analysis techniques, and provides new insight into the fundamental processes that govern numerical cognition.
Relationships between livestock grazing practices, disease risk, and antimicrobial use among East African Agropastoralists

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Livestock health is economically important for agropastoral households whose wealth is held partly as livestock. Households can invest in disease prevention and treatment, but livestock disease risk is also affected by grazing practices that result in inter-herd contact and disease transmission in regions with endemic communicable diseases. This paper examines the relationships between communal grazing and antimicrobial use in Maasai, Chagga and Arusha households in northern Tanzania. We develop a theoretical model of the economic connection between communal grazing, disease transmission risk, risk perceptions, and antimicrobial use, and derive testable hypotheses about these connections. Regression results suggest that history of disease and communal grazing are associated with higher subjective disease risk and greater antimicrobial use. We discuss the implications of these results in light of the potential for relatively high inter-herd disease transmission rates among communal grazers and potential contributions to antimicrobial resistance due to antimicrobial use.
Phaseolus vulgaris ECe3429

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris
Common name(s): common bean
Conserved by: Dipartimento di scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche (D3A-UNIVPM), Italy
Local sample unique identifier: ECe3429
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2015-05-15
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: SMTA transfer
Age, but not hand preference, is related to personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The proximate mechanisms underlying animal personalities, i.e. consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, are a matter of discussion. Brain lateralization, expressed as the preferred use of the contralateral limb, has been suggested as one of these mechanisms. In this study, we measured a proxy of brain lateralization in captive common marmosets ( N = 28) by testing hand preference in a simple food-reaching task and evaluated personality by coding a wide range of behaviours observed in daily situations. We explored the links between personality and both direction and strength of hand preference, as well as age and sex, using linear models. Principal component analysis revealed that the stable behavioural variables were organized in three personality dimensions: Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism. Regarding hand preference, 14 individuals were left-handed, seven were right-handed and seven were ambilateral. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find any relationship between personality scores and hand preference or sex. Instead, age was a significant predictor of personality scores, with older individuals being more agreeable and less extraverted. The link between brain lateralization and personality seems to be equivocal and dependent on personality and brain lateralization assessment methods. Further examinations of other proximate mechanisms, such as physiology or (epi)genetics, may elucidate what drives personality variation in common marmosets.
Combined effect of glycation and sodium carbonate–bicarbonate buffer concentration on IgG binding, IgE binding and conformation of ovalbumin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Ovalbumin ( OVA ) is a major allergen in hen egg. During thermal processing, reducing sugars contained in the hen egg white might easily undergo glycation with OVA , but few studies have been conducted on its corresponding immunoreactivity changes. The aim of the present study was to assess changes of the antigenicity, potential allergenicity and conformation of OVA after glycation in a wet‐thermal processing system under different concentrations of sodium carbonate–bicarbonate buffer . Results IgE binding of the glycated OVA was increased after glycation, and the higher the sodium carbonate–bicarbonate buffer concentration, the higher the IgE binding capacity. The increase in IgE binding of OVA corresponded well with the disruption of the disulfide bond, which exposed the epitopes initially buried. Antigenicity of the glycated OVA was increased, and the amount of the increase varied among samples treated under different buffer concentrations . Conclusion Glycation increased the allergenic potential for OVA , with the amount of increase varying with different sodium carbonate–bicarbonate buffer concentrations. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Selection of potato clones derived from seed tubers for nutritional efficiency to phosphorus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To develop agricultural systems that produce more food with limited availability of phosphorus (P) it is necessary to explore the genetic variability of plants and select potato clones that are more efficient at P use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of four potato clones for P nutritional efficiency in closed off-soil growing system using native soil as substrate. Therefore, seed tubers from the four potato clones (Asterix, Atlantic, SMIC 148-A and SMINIA 793101-3) were planted in plastic pots with native soil as a substrate, where the treatments consisted of two levels of P (0.025 and 0.11g kg-1 KH2PO4). 52 days after planting, the concentration of P in the shoot, the shoot and the total dry mass, the rooting efficiency, P absorption, P translocation and use of P were evaluated. SMIC 148 -A is the clone that most concentrates P in the shoot and that produces more total dry mass under low P, while SMINIA 793101-3 is the most efficient clone in the absorption and translocation of P under low nutrient level, however, the Asterix and Atlantic clones showed greater efficiency in the use of P