jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Volatility Spillover from the Fear Index to Developed and Emerging Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines cross-market volatility linkages among the fear index (VIX), the developed-market index (VXEFA), and the emerging-market index (VXEEM). Analysis on the first moments of volatilities reveals that the fear index has a leading role and has information content for VXEFA and VXEEM. A shock to the fear index spillovers to VXEFA and VXEEM and contributes 57.07% and 63.77% to their shocks, respectively. Further analysis on the second moments of volatilities confirms that the volatility indices are highly dynamically correlated while the fear index drives the correlation dynamics with the VXEEM. Correlations increase in turbulent periods and decrease in tranquil periods.
Prenatal sonographic appearance of Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Beare first described a 2‐year‐old boy who had abnormal physical feature including hypertelorism, cutis gyratum, acanthosis nigrican, cleft palate, functional pyloric obstruction and abnormal genitalia. Ten cases of Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome have been reported. Here, we present, the first case of antenatal ultrasound image of this rare syndrome. A 31‐year‐old Taiwanese, gravida 2, para 1, was referred for fetal evaluation at 32 weeks gestation because of polyhydramnios and fetal head anomaly. Conventional sonography revealed a single fetus with amniotic index of 27.3 cm, cover leaf skull, and a skin fold‐like umbilical cord. Three‐dimensional sonography of the face of the fetus showed, high wide forehead, ocular proptosis, and depressed nasal bridge. The patient delivered a male infant weighing 2980 g at 39 weeks gestation. Physical examination of the infant showed furrows of corrugated appearance of the skin, craniofacial anomalies, particularly craniosynosis, displaced ears, prominent umbilical stump and hypospadia. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance image were performed and revealed fronto‐ethmoid‐nasal, cephalocele, pansynostosis and frontal base defect. Conclusion: A total of 10 cases of Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome have been previously reported. All of the previously reported cases of the syndrome were diagnosed postnatally. Our patient presented with ocular hypertelorism, low‐set and creased ears, ocular proptosis, choanal atresia, cloverleaf skull, craniosynosis, cutis gyrata, acanthosis nirican, prominent umbilical stump and bifida scrotum. Here we present the first case of antenatal ultrasound image of this rare syndrome.
Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 control adaptive β-cell expansion in diet-induced obesity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adult pancreatic β cells are refractory to proliferation, a roadblock for the treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes. Consumption of energy-dense Western or high-fat diet (HFD) triggers mild adaptive β cell mass expansion to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/TLR4 act as molecular “brakes” for diet-induced β cell replication in both mice and humans. The combined loss of TLR2/TLR4, but not individually, dramatically increases facultative β, not α, cell replication, leading to progressively enlarged islet mass and hyperinsulinemia in diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, loss of TLR2/TLR4 increases β cell proliferation and nuclear abundance of Cyclin D2 and CDK4 in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner. These data reveal a novel mechanism governing adaptive β cell mass expansion in diet-induced obesity and suggest that selective targeting of TLR2/TLR4 pathways may hold promise for reversing β cell failure in diabetic patients.
The reaction of the Chinese Government to Soviet Diplomatic Efforts to Resolve the Taiwan Question, 1949-1985

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article studies Beijing's reaction to the activities of Soviet diplomacy related to the Taiwan issue. The authors examine the dynamics of Sino-Soviet interaction in 1949-1985 within the context of this geopolitical problem. The article is based on historical sources (including proclama tions and speeches of Chinese and Soviet representatives at official meetings and within the framework of the General Assembly, as well as diplomatic correspondence) and on the Russian and foreign historiography. The paper covers the period of cooperation between Beijing and Moscow (1950s) and the time of high tension in bilateral relations (1960-1985). The PRC government's harsh criticism of Soviet diplomacy, together with its rigid position with regard to the establishment of official relations between the Soviet Union and Taiwan, lead to the conclusion that Beijing could have been deliberately delaying the solution of the issue, using the Taiwan question in its political interests. The authors make suggestions concerning what could have influenced such a position of Beijing towards the Taiwan issue. The real aims of Beijing concerning Taiwan were different from those that Beijing officially proclaimed.
Optimally Tuned Proportional Integral Derivatives (PID) Controllers for Set-point

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is tuned to find its parameters values. Generally most of the tuning methods depend mainly on the experimental approach of open-loop unit step response. The controller parameters can be found if the system truly can be approximated by First Order Plus-Dead Time (FOPDT). The problem with such type of controllers is that: the performance of most of them deteriorates as the ratio ( TL) of approximated equivalent delay L to the overall time constant T changes. The optimum tuning always checks this ratio and considers it in its formulae. The performances of different PID tuning techniques are simulated for different systems and analyzed based on the transient responses. MATLAB simulation results are presented and compared for different higher order systems. For the same characterization procedure, optimally tuned PID controller shows better performances over Ziegler-Nicholas (Z-N) and Cohn-Coon tuned. Superiority of the optimal PID tuning techniques sustained for variety of higher order systems.
Stability of Anthocyanins from Tradescania pallida

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The acylated, B‐ring substituted anthocyanins of Tradescantia pallida (TPA) were extracted from the leaves with acidic water, purified on a Duolite‐861 resin and incorporated into a model beverage. The beverage was composed of a citrate‐phosphate buffer at pH values 3.5, 4.5 or 5.5, and 15% sucrose. Comparison samples contained cyanidin‐3‐glucoside from blackberries and a commercial sample of enocyanin from grapes. The TPA samples were much more stable than the other two, particularly at the higher pH values as judged by pigment retention and tristimulus color readings. The extra absorption band of the TPA samples at pH 5.5 indicated the samples were well colored. Addition of tannin and/or ascorbic acid resulted in marked pigment and color loss.
Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes from the National Invasive Fungal Surveillance Network of Uruguay

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes (phylum: Basidiomycota) are environmental yeasts and are the main cause of human cryptococcosis worldwide. The most recent molecular typing studies in Latin America have focused on the intertropical region. Thus, this study aimed to update the knowledge of human cryptococcosis in the South American temperate region. We obtained and analyzed 116 C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes isolates from the Public Health Surveillance Laboratory between 2008–2013 and 2017–2021 (C. gattii species complex = 1 and C. neoformans species complex = 115). The average patient age was 45 years, with an overall male:female ratio of 3.1:1. The proportion of HIV-negative patients was significantly higher in the second study period. Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of URA5 gene revealed that the C. neoformans species complex comprised 75.7% VNI, 2.6% VNII, 0.9% VNIII, 1.7% VNIV, 17.4% VNII/VNIV hybrids, and one C. neoformans isolate (0.9%) misidentified as VGI; the C. gattii species complex isolates comprised one VGII. The overall case fatality rate was 49.5%, with no differences in lethality between VNI and hybrid isolates. Of the four isolates responsible for episodes of reoccurrence, only one had a genotype different from the first episode. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that most isolates fell below the local epidemiological cut-off value. This study provides additional information for the analysis of C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes dynamics in the South American temperate region.
Infection and distribution of &lt;em&gt;Apple mosaic virus&lt;/em&gt; (ApMV) on cultivating plum in Amasya and Tokat provinces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work was conducted in plum orchards of Amasya and Tokat provinces in the year between 2008–2010. The aim of the study was to determine the current status of European plum line pattern disease caused by Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) in these provinces. Plum trees were examined in all surveyed fruit orchards of the provinces. A total of 549 plum samples were collected and tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR against the cusal agent Apple mosaic virus. In DAS-ELISA tests, ApMV was detected only in Prunus cerasifera cv. Süt eriği among all collected plum varaites. The prevalence of the disease in cv. Süt eriği. was 46.1 % and 16.6 % in the surveyed plantations of Amasya and Tokat, respectively. The RT-PCR results were confirmed the ELISA test results.
Otolith Morphology in Gibel Carp Carassius gibelio and Crucian Carp C. carassius (Cyprinidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The morphology of asteriscus, lapillus, and (partly) sagitta is described in gibel and crucian carps from a small natural pond located in Nizhny Novgorod oblast, Russia. The otolith shape analysis was conducted to assess the interspecific differences. A comparison of otolith structure shows that the lapillus is more rounded in the latter species, and the asteriscus length (in anteroposterior direction) is larger than its width (in dorsoventral direction) in gibel carp vs. smaller than its width in crucian carp. Bilateral directional asymmetry is registered for some otolith measurements. The two species are significantly different by six shape indices of the asteriscus and lapillus. A distinct separation between three groups (mainly immature C. gibelio < 70 mm FL, mainly adult C. gibelio > 100 mm FL, and C. carassius 37–86 mm FL) is observed based on Fourier and wavelet analyses of asteriscus and lapillus shapes. Otolith morphology can be used as an additional diagnostic character for the identification of Carassius species and possible hybrid individuals.
Integrasi Kurikulum Pesantren Dalam Kurikulum 2013 Di SMK Al-Munawwir Krapyak Yogyakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Integrated curriculum in formal schools under the auspices of Islamic boarding schools is implemented in order to produce graduates who excel in the field of general knowledge and uphold Islamic values. So that it can produce students who are experts in the field of religion while excelling in general knowledge to be able to compete with other graduates in this 4.0 era. This research takes place in the Al-Munawwir Krapyak Vocational School in Yogyakarta which is a school under the auspices of Islamic boarding schools that implement an integrated curriculum. This study aims to answer the question of how to integrate the pesantren curriculum into the 2013 Curriculum at SMK Al-Munawwir Krapyak Yogyakarta. This type of research is a qualitative study using the analysis of the Miles and Huberman models. The results showed that the integration of pesantren curriculum in 2013 curriculum at Al-Munawwir Vocational School in Krapyak Yogyakarta was by increasing the content of pesantrenan by breaking up PAI subjects into fiqh subjects, al-quran hadith, moral creed, SKI then Arabic subjects. The integration model implemented at Al-Munawwir Krapyak Yogyakarta Vocational School is the first model, the integration model into the curriculum package.
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Hand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma in the hand is reported. The lesion was atypical clinically, being sited in the hand and the tumour was so large that it extended from the palmar to the dorsal surface. Curettage was performed at seven weeks after birth and histological examination established a diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the residual lesion had disappeared spontaneously four years after operation.
Sensing of NO, NO2, and SO2 on two dimensional WS2 doped with Al, P, and Fe: An ab initio study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Owing to their harmful and polluting the environment, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are expected to monitor when they are used. However, the widespread use of gas sensing methods presents obstacles in terms of portability or stability. Hence, a better detect way needs to be found urgently. The success of graphene-based gas sensors has stimulated interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials in the gas sensing area. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2 or WS2, are considered to have the high-performance potential for gas sensors. Unfortunately, when used as a gas sensor, the sensing response of the pristine TMDs is greatly affected by a number of gas molecules that are too weak to be detected. Herein, to evaluate the sensing capability of Al, P, and Fe-doped WS2 to NO, NO2, and SO2, the molecular model of the adsorption systems was constructed, and density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the adsorption behavior of these gases. The binding force of all the doped-WS2 to the harmful gas molecules is much stronger than that of the pristine WS2. According to the results of adsorption energy, band structure, and state density, Al-doped WS2 has the potential to be used as NO and SO2 gas sensor, while P-doped WS2 is selective to NO. This work opens up a new reference for choosing appropriate doping types on 2D materials for noxious gas sensing.
Simple DSP-IDFT techniques for generating spectrally efficient FDM signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing (SEFDM) system promises bandwidth savings by multiplexing overlapped non-orthogonal sub-carriers. Work in the literature has confirmed that despite the non-orthogonal structure of the sub-carriers, efficient detection of the SEFDM signal is achievable. However, loosing orthogonality brings along many design and implementation challenges. In particular, the generation of the signal requires a bank of independent modulators which becomes particularly complex with the increase in the number of carriers. In this work, we propose simple framework for the generation of the SEFDM signal based on the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). The proposed designs employ similar building blocks as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based systems, hence, would facilitate an easy migration and/or coexistence with OFDM on the transmitter side. Furthermore, the proposed framework may facilitate the IDFT design for any Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM) signal with arbitrary sub-carriers spacing. The equivalence of the IDFT generated signal and the modulators based signal is proved mathematically, nonetheless, numerical simulations were performed to verify that equivalence and to test for the performance of the digitally generated signal in AWGN channel. Numerical results confirmed the required spectrum compression and bite error rate (BER) performance at a much reduced complexity.
Harmonization of rational and creative decisions in quality management using AI technologies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are rapidly evolving and becoming more common in management. Managers in business institutions are faced with the decision taking challenges and large amounts of data to be processed combining and harmonizing rational data with creative human experience in decision making. The aim of the study is to reveal the main obstacles of the harmonization of creative and rational decisions making in quality management using AI technologies in the Quality Management System (QMS). The first section presents a literature review of approaches and trends related to AI technology usage in organisations for data processing and creative-rational decision making, rational and creative quality management decision making and paradigms in decision harmonization. The Main Results section presents practical analysis and testing experience of automated AI Quality Management System developed at a higher education institution. During the analysis, an interview method was applied to find out specific system implementation issues. In the last section, the main analysis results and further development possibilities are discussed. The main findings and conclusions disclose two main problematic areas which may be defined as obstacles for rational and creative management decisions in quality management, related with clear responsibility distribution and assignment between data inputters and experience interpreters and duplicated qualitative data which AI system is not capable of rationalizing at the present development stage, speech and language processing techniques used when data processing algorithms cannot cope with the dual data processing technique, because in practice the system interprets and rationalizes only one category of data either quantitative - based on rational defined indicators, or qualitative, based on language recognition and speech related data interpretation. Managers’ experience in harmonizing creative human experience in organisation’s quality management was evaluated as positive. Data processed by tested AI system allows for rationalization of creative experience with ready quantitative data output from QMS system and final harmonized strategic quality management decisions.
Differential equation for the flow rate of discharging silos based on energy balance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since the early work of Hagen in 1852 and Beverloo et al. in 1961, the flow rate of granular material discharging through a circular orifice from a silo has been described by means of dimensional analysis and experimental fits, and explained through the "free fall arch" model. Here, in contrast with the traditional approach, we derive a differential equation based on the energy balance of the system. This equation is consistent with the well known Beverloo rule thanks to a compensation of energy terms. Moreover, this new equation can be used to explore new conditions for silo discharges. In particular, we show how the effect of friction on the flow rate can be predicted. The theory is validated using discrete element method simulations.
Role of RET-Regulated GDNF-GFRα1 Endocytosis in Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive synthetic psychostimulant that can induce severe neurotoxicity, leading to neurodegeneration similar to neurodegenerative diseases. The endocytosis of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1), regulated by transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RET), has been shown to resist neurodegeneration. Specifically, the endocytosis of GDNF-GFRα1 mediated by RET is crucial in protecting neurons. Although many molecular mechanisms of METH induced neurotoxicity have been explored, the obstacles to the neuroprotective effect of GDNF in the context of METH induced neurotoxicity are still unclear. In this study, an increase in cell apoptosis and GDNF expression was observed in the hippocampus of METH abusers. METH also induces cell degeneration, cytotoxicity, and GDNF expression and release in hippocampal neuronal (HT-22) cells in a concentration-dependent manner (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mM) and time-dependent manner (3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). Meanwhile, after 24 h of exposure to METH (2mM), apoptosis, impaired endocytosis of GDNF-GFRα1, and decreased expression of RET were observed in HT-22 cells and organotypic hippocampal slices of mice. More notably, overexpression of RET weakened METH induced cell degeneration, apoptosis, and disruption of GDNF-GFRα1 endocytosis in HT-22 cells. This study suggests that RET is a key molecule for METH to disrupt GDNF-mediated neuroprotective signaling, and targeting RET-mediated endocytosis of GDNF-GFRα1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for METH induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
Evaluating the Role of MeCP2 on Regulating the Antiviral CD8+ T cell Response

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) regulates gene transcription by reading DNA methylation patterns. Mutations in MECP2 cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disease that renders patients susceptible to severe respiratory infection, but how the loss of MeCP2 affects the immune response to respiratory infection remains unknown. Using a murine model of RTT, we asked how the loss of MeCP2 (Mecp2-/y) impacts the host response to Influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34; IAV). Infected Mecp2-/y mice were more susceptible to virus-induced lung disease and had a higher mortality rate than wild-type infected mice. Lung transcriptional profiling following infection revealed that Mecp2-/y mice showed significantly delayed induction of genes associated with CD8+ T cell responses. In line with our transcriptional findings, we observed significantly lower lung recruitment of IAV-specific CD8+ T cells, identified by flow cytometry, in Mecp2-/y mice compared to WT mice. As CD8+ T cells are essential for clearing infectious viruses, we measured viral burden in the lungs and observed delayed viral clearance in Mecp2-/y mice. These findings suggest a role of MeCP2 in regulating CD8+ T cells, particularly during IAV infection. To closely examine if MeCP2 impacts cell intrinsic mechanisms regulating CD8+ T cells, we examined the gene expression profiles of isolated naïve CD8+ T cells from the spleens of WT and Mecp2-/y mice. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed positive enrichment of cell death pathways and negative enrichment of T cell receptor signaling components, indicating that MeCP2 regulates CD8+ T cell survival and activation. Future work will leverage an in vitro CD8+ T cell activation model, in which levels of stimuli can be experimentally manipulated, to identify mechanisms by which MeCP2 regulates CD8+ T cell survival, activation, and proliferation. Overall, this project aims to distinguish between potential cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic processes regulated by MeCP2 that shape essential antiviral CD8+ T cell response. These findings could hold significant clinical implications by helping illuminate the mechanisms that lead to severe respiratory infection amongst RTT patients.