jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The quarantine economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economies around the world went into an unprecedented quarantine in 2020 as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the Malaysian economy was no exception. In this chapter, the concept of the quarantine economy is introduced, and the economy of Malaysia in 2020 is scrutinised as a case of the quarantine economy. To do so, this chapter adopts a critical review approach and relies on secondary data to unpack the peculiarities of the quarantine economy in Malaysia. In doing so, this chapter makes clear that an economy under quarantine as a result of a public health externality can experience both positive and negative impacts. The insights herein this chapter also set the context for the other chapters in this book, which should enable readers to appreciate the events emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Malaysian economy.
The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Imaginativeness in the Transition from Opportunity Recognition to Entrepreneurial Action

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Central to entrepreneurship is not whether objective and observable opportunities exist independently of individuals, but rather, whether individuals perceive opportunities and act upon them (McMullen & Shepherd, 2006). The ability to recognize opportunity is manifested in the concept of entrepreneurial alertness which is defined as the ability of a person to identify new opportunities that are often overlooked by others (Kerzner, 1979). However, there are mixed results supporting the transition from opportunity recognition to entrepreneurial action (Neneh, 2019). Therefore, it is argued that the journey should be influenced by contingent factors. A great number of previous studies have investigated the impacts of tangible resources such as capital, assets, venture teams or traditional resources such as experience, knowledge, motivation, etc. However, little empirical studies have been conducted to investigate the role of imagination although it plays a very important role in envisioning the new venture (Kier & McMulen, 2018). This problem was caused by the lack of a measurement scale for this concept. Based on the theory of creative problem solving, Kier and McMullen (2018) developed a measurement scale for entrepreneurial imaginativeness which is conceptualized as a cognitive ability that combines the ability of imagination with the knowledge needed to mentally simulate various task-related scenarios in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial imaginativeness is classified into three distinct domains including creative imaginativeness, social imaginativeness and practical imaginativeness which vary across individuals and predict ideation quantity and quality over and above experience, knowledge and motivation (McMullen & Kier, 2017). McMullen et al. (2021) suggested that more empirical studies should be conducted to investigate the role of entrepreneurial imaginativeness on entrepreneurial action. However, to our understanding, there have been no empirical studies investigating the moderating role of this concept on the transition from opportunity identification to entrepreneurial action.
Prediction of rowing ergometer performance by technical and core stability parameters

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of technical and core stability parameters on rowing ergometer performance defined as mean power at the handle. Twenty-four high-level rowers were evaluated at their competitive stroke rate on an instrumented RowPerfect 3 ergometer to determine leg, trunk and arm power output, while trunk and pelvis 3D kinematics were measured. Linear mixed models revealed that mean power at the handle was predicted by the power output of legs, trunk and arms (r2 = 0.99), with trunk power being the best predictor. Time to peak power, work ratio and mean to peak power ratio were relevant technical parameters significantly predicting the different segments' power. In addition, a greater trunk range of motion significantly influenced the power produced by this segment. Accordingly, achieving an earlier peak power together with enhanced work production at the trunk and arm levels, as well as distributing the segments power over the whole drive phase, could serve as recommendations for technical training of rowers on dynamic ergometers in order to produce higher power output. Furthermore, the trunk appears to play a major role as a power producer within the kinetic chain from the legs to the arms.
Relation-objet et onto-logie, ensembles ou categories. Identité, objet, relation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article puts into perspective Badiou’s differing approach to set theory and the theory of categories and shows how the distinctions and protocols specific to these fields affect his philosophical thought. It also questions the evolution of Badiou’s approach to these two mathematical theories. The article concludes with questions and examinations related to some of the key points of Badiou’s philosophical orientation that he has not yet addressed.
Impact of home visiting nurses on home death proportion in Japan: A nationwide longitudinal ecological study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Home visiting nurses contribute to end‐of‐life home care in an aging society. However, few previous studies reported patient outcomes based on nursing practices. This study aimed to examine the correlation between the number of them and the change in home death proportion. Methods We divided the number of home visiting nurses into four categories: absent, shortage, medium, and abundant. This study adopted the interaction term between the nurse categories and year as the major exposure variable, and home death proportion per municipality as the objective variable. We estimated the average marginal effects (AME) as the change in home death proportion from 2015 to 2020. Results The total number of home visiting nurses was 36,483 in 2015 and 65,868 in 2020. The coefficients of the interaction term were statistically significant in medium and abundant municipalities (Medium: 1.26 (95% CI: 0.49–2.04), Abundant: 2.15 (95% CI: 0.76–3.55)). Increased home death proportion were estimated as AME: 1.56% (95% CI: 0.99–2.13), 1.35% (95% CI: 0.85–1.84), 2.82% (95% CI: 2.30–3.35), and 3.71% (95% CI: 2.44–4.99) in the absent, shortage, medium, and abundant areas, respectively. Conclusions To increase the proportion of home deaths, municipalities require a certain number of home visiting nurses.
[Benefits of every other day dialysis (EODD) without rest for 72 hours in patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the purpose to improve the clinical situation of nine hemodialysis patients who suffer from severe cardiovascular disease and are highly symptomatic after weekends without dialysis because of fluid overload, their dialysis schedule was changed from 5 hours in 3 sessions per week to 4 hours every other day sessions (EODD), avoiding 72 hours of interdialitic weekend period. In each patient, during 38 sessions previous to starting the EODD (stage 1: 3 months) and the 38 sessions in EODD, which followed the first month of this dialysis regime (stage 2), the frequency of the next incidences was registered (ratio in 348 sessions, in every stage, of this patients group): presence of dysnea and/or hypertension pre dialysis session, pre or intra dialysis angor, emergency sessions with hypotension and sessions without achieving predetermined dry-weight. During the EODD stage, sessions, with dysena, hypertension and pre or intra dialysis angor were reduced in 80% (p < 0.001); the incidence of sessions with hypotensive episode or sessions without achieving dry-weight decreased in a third. All patients experimented a considerable improvement in their clinical situation. In addition, the whole group reduced dry-weight and later regained it without presenting symptoms which had motivated EODD schedule. EODD schedule improves the clinical situation in patients with cardiopathy who would not do so when following previous schedule (which includes 48 hours without dialysis).
Individual and institutional factors that contribute to student learning among Latina and Latino undergraduate students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined student learning via the composite measure of intellectual abilities among 1,210 Latina/o undergraduates at 4-year institutions. Longitudinal pre and post surveys were used to examine the impact of interrelated variables on Latina/o' senior year cognitive gains. This study applied Becker's (1993) human capital theory and Astin's (2012) Input-Environment-Output model to organize and analyze the data. Through structural equation modeling, the findings revealed the pathways that promote and hinder student learning.
From Text to Treatment: An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper delves into the expanding domain of artificial intelligence in healthcare, spotlighting the pivotal role of AI-driven Chatbot systems. These Chatbots represent not just conversational agents but transformative forces poised to revolutionize healthcare. Amid the mounting challenges in securing timely medical consultations, our paper introduces an innovative concept: a medical Chatbot empowered by AI. Imagine a Chatbot that transcends its traditional role and undertakes disease diagnosis and delivers essential medical insights before users consult healthcare professionals, offering both convenience and cost savings. At its core, this healthcare innovation operates as a natural language interaction program, leveraging AI's discerning power. It adeptly identifies keywords in user input from its extensive database, generating contextually relevant responses, and further refines responses by ranking and calculating sentence similarities. Our study ambitiously explores users' willingness to embrace these AI-driven health Chatbots, underlining their transformative potential in addressing healthcare accessibility and affordability challenges. The Chatbot, with its ability to engage in natural language conversations, emerges not just as a tool but as a cornerstone in reshaping healthcare delivery. This paper delivers through the journey from text-based information to tangible healthcare treatments, orchestrated seamlessly through the integration of AI-driven Chatbot systems, envisioning a future where healthcare delivery is redefined, offering a new dimension of medical care.
RELEVANCE AND BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL YOUTH EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMME TO PARTICIPATING YOUTH IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted to identify the relevance and benefit of Osun State Agricultural Youth Empowerment Programme (OSSAYEP) to participating rural youths. Multi-stage, simple random sampling procedures were used in selecting youths from each of the seven local governments in Osun central senatorial district to give a total sample size of 70. The instrument used to obtain information from the youths was structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages and cumulative frequency. Chi-square was further used to test relationships between variables. The findings showed that 61.4 per cent of the youths were male, 41.4 per cent were between 21-26 years. Sixty per cent were single and had secondary education. The test of hypotheses established significant difference between some demographic characteristics and benefits derived from the programme. Also there was significant difference between marital status of respondents and the relevance of the programme. It can be concluded that the relevance of the programme and benefits derived by the youths was affected by their village and educational level. Based on these findings, it was recommended that creation of more farm centers should be adopted and should be properly located in strategic places by the local governments for the maximum benefit of youths.
Flow injection analysis of chloroform in water by using Reimer-Tiemann reaction.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

水中のクロロホルムをフローインジェクション法により定量する方法について検討した.本法は以下の2つの反応に基づいている.(1) Reimer-Tiemann反応, これはフェノールがアルカリ溶液中でクロロホルムと反応してサリチルアルデヒドを生成する反応として知られている.(2) サリチルアルデヒドとエチレンジアミンより形成されるシッフ塩基とベリリウムから成る錯体の生成5%のフェノールと4%の水酸化ナトリウムを含むキャリアー流は0.58ml/minの流速で送液され, これに125μlの試料溶液を注入する.これより, 加熱コイル (5m, 85℃) 中でサリチルアルデヒドが生成し, これは0.35ml/minの流速で送液される試薬流中のエチレンジァミン及びベリリウムと冷却コイル (2m, ℃) において反応し, ベリリウムーシップ塩基錯体を生成する.340nmで励起したこの錯体の蛍光強度を440nmで測定する.検量線の直線性は良好で, 5mg/lのクロロホルムの5回の繰り返し注入における相対標準偏差は0.80%であった.本法によって1時間当たり15試料の分析が可能である.本法は感度の点で飲料水中のクロロホルムの定量には適用できないが, ppmレベルのクロロホルムを含む試料のモニタリングには有用と考えられる.
Studies on Fatigue Damage Caused by Stresses below the E durance Limit : Probability Distributions of Crack Initiation Lives at Stresses near the Endurance Limit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to investigate the probability distributions of crack initiation lives Nl under stresses near the endurance limit, S50C specimens having two small transverse holes were tested under cantilever type rotating bending stress. Through the analysis of the data the following conclusions are obtained. (1) The growth of the fatigue crack under the stresses near the endurance limit is very slow, but the crack propagates even after 108 cycles, repeating acceleration and deceleration. (2) The S-Nl curve, the relation between the stress σ and the crack initiation life Nl, is thought to be composed of three H^--, F^-- and S^--curves, each of which represents the S-Nl relation resulting from a different crack initiation mechanism, where H^--curve shows the S-Nl relation at stress levels well above the endurance limit σW, F^--curve appears at stress levels near σW, and S^--curve at still lower stress levels. The apparent scatter of Nl under stresses near σW can be explained as a result of the superposition of the respective distributions around these curves.
Human Microbiome Compendium dataset

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Human Microbiome Compendium is an ongoing project to build a large collection of human microbiome sequencing data processed with a uniform pipeline. Currently, the compendium contains 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data for human gut microbiome samples retrieved from the Sequence Read Archive. Our website at microbiomap.org has more information about the project and links to related resources. This data is freely available under a CC-BY license; if you use it in your work, please cite our preprint, "Integration of 168,000 samples reveals global patterns of the human gut microbiome" (doi: 10.1101/2023.10.11.560955). Version history 1.0.0: Added README.md file to the repository, and added a link to the preprint and title/author metadata for the Zenodo entry 0.2.1: "sample_metadata.tsv" was missing (Note: This was accidentally tagged "0.2.0" in the version history.) 0.2.0: Replacing "country" column in sample_metadata.tsv with an "iso" column using the country code rather than name. 0.1.0: Prepping for public release
[High density lipoprotein cholesterol in secondary hyperlipoproteinemias].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (Ch HDLP) was assayed in primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in secondary HLP that developed in the presence of chronic glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome, hypothyrosis, diabetes mellitus, and lipoprotein metabolism disturbances innduced by longterm oral contraceptive adminnistration. In patients with primary HLP and the nephrotic syndrome, the Ch HDLP level was found to be reduced, this reduction being more manifest in hypertriglyceridemia; the reverse correlation between Ch HDLP and triglyceride content in the blood was observed. In patients with diabetes mellitus and hypothyrosis, Ch HDLP concentration was found to grow parallel with hypertriglyceridemia degree. Simultaneously, hypertriglyceridemia and hyper-Ch-HDLP were found in the blood under the effect of OCs. High levels of Ch HDLP during OC intake were found to depend on accumulation of cholesterol ethers in them, whereas in diabetes mellitus and hyperalphalipoproteinemia, detected in male subjects during prophylactic examinations, high levels of Ch HDLP were found to be related to the accumulation of free cholesterol. Study of the ratio of free and bound cholesterol in HDLP allows a differentiation between physiologic and pathologic hyper-Ch-HDLP; in physiologic hyperalphaproteinemia, cholesterol ethers were found to accumulate in HDLP, in pathologic ones, free cholesterol. At the same time, study of the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio gives an idea of the ability of HDLP to take hold of cholesterol from the peripheral cell membranes. Except for estrogen-induced lipoprotein metabolism disturbances, hyperalphalipoproteinemia in HLP is a sign or progressing lipoprotein metabolism disturbances. (author's modified)
An image processing board with an MPEG processor and additional confidence calculation for fast and robust optic flow generation in real environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a vision system based on a PC-board which can calculate a sparse but robust optic flow at frame rate. A correlation chip, which was originally designed for MPEG video compression, is used to calculate displacement vectors between blocks of pixels in consecutive frames. The main disadvantage of similar approaches, the noisiness of the displacement field in areas with weak structure, is compensated by a computational inexpensive confidence criterion, which is calculated for each vector in hardware. The performance of the criterion and the improvements in the flow field are demonstrated by experiments.
Sleeping together: understanding the association between relationship type, sexual activity, and sleep

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective Insufficient sleep, and particularly difficulties initiating sleep, are prevalent in the community. Treatment for poor sleep typically consists of pharmacological intervention, or cognitive behavioural therapies - which can be both costly and time-consuming. Evidence suggests that sexual activities may positively impact sleep. However, little is known about relationship types, sexual activities, and perceived sleep outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the association between relationship type (e.g., having a regular, occasional, or casual partner), sexual activity and satisfaction, and perceived sleep outcomes, to identify potential strategies to improve sleep. Methods Seven-hundred and seventy-eight participants aged 18 years and over (442 females, 336 males; mean age 34.5 ± 11.4 years) responded to a cross-sectional online anonymous survey at their convenience. Participants were asked about their sleep, sexual activity and satisfaction, and relationship type. Results Results from multiple regression analyses with age and gender covariates revealed that shorter sleep latencies were associated with regular relationships (p = 0.030), greater emotional satisfaction with sexual activity (p = 0.029), and increased frequency of orgasm (p < 0.001). Men reported a greater frequency of orgasm than women (p < 0.001). Discussion Findings indicate that relationship type may be associated with improved sleep outcomes, including sleep latency. Relationship type should therefore be taken into consideration by clinicians when developing treatment plans for individuals with poor sleep.
Semiparametric Latent ANOVA Model for Event-Related Potentials

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) data in response to stimuli are widely used in psychological and neuroscience experiments. A major goal is to link ERP characteristic components to subject-level covariates. Existing methods typically follow two-step approaches, first identifying ERP components using peak detection methods and then relating them to the covariates. This approach, however, can lead to loss of efficiency due to inaccurate estimates in the initial step, especially considering the low signal-to-noise ratio of EEG data. To address this challenge, we propose a semiparametric latent ANOVA model (SLAM) that unifies inference on ERP components and their association with covariates. SLAM models ERP waveforms via a structured Gaussian process (GPs) prior that encode ERP latency in its derivative and links the subject-level latencies to covariates using a latent ANOVA. This unified Bayesian framework provides estimation at both population- and subject-levels, improving the efficiency of the inference by leveraging information across subjects. We automate posterior inference and hyperparameter tuning using a Monte Carlo expectation–maximization (MCEM) algorithm. We demonstrate the advantages of SLAM over competing methods via simulations. Our method allows us to examine how factors or covariates affect the magnitude and/or latency of ERP components, which in turn reflect cognitive, psychological, or neural processes. We exemplify this via an application to data from an ERP experiment on speech recognition, where we assess the effect of age on two components of interest. Our results verify the scientific findings that older people take a longer reaction time to respond to external stimuli because of the delay in perception and brain processes.
Low-Latency Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for 100 km Long-Reach EPONs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) method for long-reach passive optical networks that can reduce the upstream latency. With this method, an optical line terminal allocates bandwidth to long-distance (up to 100 km) optical network units (ONUs) with a transmission request prediction and reduces the latency of the long-distance ONUs. This has no influence on the latency of short-distance ONUs even if they coexist with long-distance ONUs. The results of real machine experiments show that this new DBA method achieves a smaller latency with long-distance ONUs than the conventional DBA technique, and that there is no influence on short-distance ONUs. The latency time and jitter are kept below 1300μs and 1000μs, respectively, for both long- and short-distance ONUs. The experimental results also reveal the effect of the proposed method on bandwidth utilization efficiency and fairness. The degradation in bandwidth utilization efficiency when one long-distance ONU is added is small (0.3%), and the fairness index degradation is negligible (less than 0.1%), when the parameters are optimized. These results indicate the validity of the proposed DBA method.
A Synthetic Binder of Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence of cancer. A synthetic binder of CSCs can provide a valuable tool to study the biology of CSCs and a lead to develop imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic agents targeting CSCs. Herein, a synthetic ligand ( 1 ) that specifically binds to CSCs over non‐CSCs of breast cancer cells was identified for the first time via a cell‐binding screening of a chemical library. The ligand 1 showed specific binding to CD24 − /CD44 + /ALDH + CSC population of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. We have demonstrated that 1 ‐immobilized beads can be used as matrices for affinity isolation of 1 ‐binding CSC population from breast cancer cells. The 1 ‐binding population showed significantly increased expressions of stemness‐associated transcription factors. Importantly, the 1 ‐binding population demonstrated accelerated tumor growth in vivo, and the resulting tumor displayed an increased migratory activity and high expressions of CSC markers.