jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PATIENT COMPLIANCE TO NARROW BAND ULTRAVIOLET B PHOTOTHERAPY IN VITILIGO PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDNarrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy is a well-established, effective and relatively safe treatment modality for treatment of vitiligo.An essential prerequisite for efficacy of NBUVB phototherapy is good compliance by patients.There is a paucity of literature on patient compliance to requisite number of sessions of NBUVB therapy in patients of vitiligo, where phototherapy is required for a prolonged duration. MATERIALS AND METHODSA 2-year retrospective analytical study was conducted to analyse patient compliance to NBUVB phototherapy in patients of vitiligo.All the patients were advised to visit the hospital for phototherapy thrice a week.Thus, in the initial 3 months (13 weeks), prescribed number of phototherapy sessions amounts to 39.Based on the actual number of phototherapy sessions completed by patients during this initial 3 months period, patient compliance to NBUVB therapy was graded as excellent (completion of > 75 % of prescribed number of sessions), good (completion of >50-75 % of prescribed number of sessions), poor (completion of >25-50 % of prescribed number of sessions) and very poor (completion of < 25 % of prescribed number of sessions). RESULTSDuring the 2-year study period, 33 patients of vitiligo were prescribed narrow band UVB phototherapy, of which 11 patients dropped out after less than 8 sessions of phototherapy.Of the remaining 22 patients, only 5 patients (22.72%) had excellent compliance (completed > 75% of prescribed number of sessions), 3 patients (13.63%) had good compliance (>50-75% of prescribed number of sessions), 12 patients (54.54%) had poor compliance (>25-50% of prescribed number of sessions) and 2 patients (9.09%) had very poor compliance (<25% of prescribed number of sessions).Most common reasons for poor compliance were difficulty in adjusting school/college timings (42.85%) and distance/transport problems (35.71%). CONCLUSIONPoor patient compliance to narrow band UVB phototherapy, as observed in majority of patients in the present study, may be due to several reasons.Poor compliance may adversely impact the efficacy of this excellent therapeutic modality in patients of vitiligo.
Seasonal effects of food provisioning on body fat, insulin, and corticosterone in free-living juvenile Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the relationship between body fat and the metabolic hormones insulin and corticosterone in free-living juvenile Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi). Some free-living juveniles were provisioned with extra food high in fat and calories, and unprovisioned juveniles were used as controls. Body fat (as a percentage of body mass) of squirrels was regularly evaluated using non-invasive methods. Blood samples were also regularly collected from juveniles and assayed for plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone. Provisioned juveniles were fatter than unprovisioned juveniles during most of the active season, but differences in body fat disappeared near the end of summer as juveniles began fattening for hibernation. Thus, our data indicate that although body fat may fluctuate with energy availability early in the active season, it is regulated at precise levels as squirrels prepare for winter. Plasma corticosterone concentrations did not differ between provisioned and unprovisioned juveniles. However, plasma insulin concentrations were greater in provisioned than in unprovisioned juveniles early in the summer. Differences in insulin concentrations disappeared later in the active season, just prior to the disappearance of differences in body fat. Moreover, plasma insulin concentrations were significantly correlated with subsequent changes in body fat. Thus, our data suggest a link between insulin and seasonal regulation of body fat in juvenile S. beldingi.
Doubly flawed: Canada's refugee determination system in a post 9/11 era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Canada’s refugee determination system not only remains vulnerable to terrorist exploitation but also fails to assist legitimate refugees in a post 9/11 era. Through conducting an analysis of the Immigration Act, this paper exemplifies how, historically, Canada has had difficulty in regulating refugee migration into the country. The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was implemented as a means of overhauling the Immigration Act, making for a more secure Canada. Although this newer legislation is successful in maintaining the rights of refugees, especially with the verdict of Singh v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, it still lacks numerous safeguards. The lack of an adequate detainment policy, manifestly unfounded policy, the designated country of origin policy, the appeals process, and delayed deportation of foreign nationals leaves the system vulnerable to abuse by terrorists. Ultimately, Canada has become a potential base for terrorists who have access to the entire international community within the safety of Canadian borders.
Pharmacological analysis of salivary secretion mechanisms using rats with different strains of Aquaporin 5 levels.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) plays an important role for the transcellular fluid secretion in salivary gland cells. In this study, we compared acetylcholine (ACh)-induced salivary secretion and blood flow (BF) dynamics in submandibular gland (SMG) in rat strain with low levels of AQP5 protein (AQP5/low), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar/ST rats.The whole saliva secretion with high-dose of ACh (720~1440 nmol/min) in AQP5/low and Wistar/ST were~70% of that in SD. The level of AQP5 protein in Wistar/ST was same as that in AQP5/low, and was much lower than that in SD, suggesting that the AQP5 level determine the maximum rate of salivary secretions.Interestingly, the salivary secretions with low-dose of ACh (60~120 nmol/min) in Wistar/ST was two times higher than that of AQP5/low, and was comparable to that in SD. The ED50 values for ACh-induced salivary secretion in AQP5/low, Wistar/ST, and SD were 309, 102, and 134 nmol/min, respectively. These results suggest that ACh sensitivity in salivary secretion does not correlate with AQP5 levels. Monitoring of BF in SMG demonstrated that low-dose of ACh induced oscillatory changes in BF in all strains. The BF oscillations in Wistar/ST wereobservedmostlyabove the resting level, whereas that in AQP5/low were observed below the resting level. We also found that angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction reduced BF during ACh stimulations, resulting in a decrease insalivary secretionin AQP5/low.These results suggest that the regulation of salivary secretionwith physiological stimuli can be determined by BF rather than by the level of AQP5.
T cell landscape and dynamics in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis before and after daratumumab‐based therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Amyloid light‐chain (AL) is characterized by the presence of small, poorly proliferating plasma cell clones with the production and deposition of light chains into tissues. T cell changes within the tumour microenvironment in AL are poorly understood. By sequencing at a single‐cell level of CD3 + T cells purified from bone marrow (BM) and blood of newly diagnosed AL patients before and after a combination of daratumumab with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (Dara‐BCD), we analysed the transcriptomic features of T cells and found an expansion, activation and type I cytokine upregulation in BM and circulating T cells after the treatment. More prominent changes were shown in CD8 + T cells. In particular, we found the presence of CD8 + BM resident memory T cells (T RM ) with high expression of inhibitory molecules in AL patients at diagnosis. After Dara‐BCD, these T RM cells were quickly activated with downregulation of suppressive molecules and upregulation of IFNG expression. These data collectively demonstrate that Dara‐based therapy in patients with AL amyloidosis promotes anti‐tumour T cell responses. The similar transcriptomic features of BM and circulating T cells before and after therapy further provide a less invasive approach for molecular monitoring of T cell response in AL amyloidosis.
Phosphate Solubilization and Indole-Like Compounds Production by Bacteria Isolated From Forest Soil with Plant Growth Promoting Activity on Pine Seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present work aimed to isolate plant growth-promoting bacteria from forest soil and to study their effect on the development of Pinus oocarpa. Strain C2 was selected from 35 isolated soil bacteria for its high phosphate solubilization index (2.40) in solid media. Its ability to solubilize different sources of phosphate (calcium, aluminum, or iron) was studied in liquid medium at different pH, 5 and 7. Maximum P released was 118.44 mg/L (tricalcium phosphate). Strain C2 was also able to produce up to 45 mg/L of indoleacetic acid-homologous compounds (IAAs) at different initial pH, glucose, and tryptophan (as IAAs precursor) concentration. Strain C2 was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis and was periodically inoculated on P. oocarpa seedlings during 180 days (nursery stage, double-transplanting system). It was observed that the mineral content in P. oocarpa inoculated with E. hormaechei (strain C2) increased, especially nitrogen in roots and phosphorus in stems. The Dickson quality index (DQI) of inoculated plants was higher in comparison with the control ones.
Comparative analysis of modern tendencies in the development of the lexical level of the language system based on the Russian and the English languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tendencies in the development and changes of the language, as well as the current state of the language and the forms of its existence in the 21st century have been undergoing various changes, while being conditioned by the internal patterns of the development of the relevant language systems. The main feature of language development of the modern period is the speed and intensity of language processes, the main dominants of language development including the influence of socio-political factors on the development of the language system, the predominance of quantitative changes over qualitative, functional over systemic. Since language, and its lexical composition in particular, plays the key role of a means of communication, language is being refined, differentiated and rebuilt in order to adequately and expediently reproduce, display and consolidate new concepts and phenomena in appropriate words and expressions. Form the point of view of demonstrating the tendency towards saving linguistic resources, we can turn to borrowings. In addition, an interesting development is the tendency to save linguistic resources in the process of new words formation based on abbreviations of existing words. An important characteristic of the modern language lexical level is also the tendency to analyticism and the law of emphase manifested in both Russian and English.
Towards Inclusive Food and Agribusiness Security in the occupied Palestinian Territories : Specific Terms of References for the implementation of NRO’s Inclusive Food and Agribusiness Security Programme

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This report forms an addition to the report “Drivers of Growth” (Groen, D. van and Koopmanschap, E.M.J, 2015) by complementing it with two specific Terms of References (ToRs) for the implementation of NRO’s Inclusive Food and Agribusiness Security Programme. The ToRs are entitled: 1. Inclusive Access to and Sustainable Management of Land and Water Resources (Appendix 6) and 2. Development and Reform of Agriculture and Food Markets, Value Chains and Producers’ Organisations(Appendix 7).
SOCIAL DISCLOSURES IN SIX BRAZILIAN BANKS - AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF INSTITUTIONAL THEORY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to assess the extent to which accounting policies of social disclosure adopted by certain financial institutions are influenced by disclosure practices adopted by their larger peers.Thus, it was based on presumptions of the Institutional Theory [Meyer and Rowan (1977), DiMaggio andPowell (1983), and Zulker Tolbert (1999)], mainly considering the concept of mimetic isomorphism.We examined 24 social audits of the six largest brazilian banks, during the period between 2001 and 2005.The research provides evidences of a possible isomorphic process in the adoption of social and environmental disclosure policies among the organizations studied.After all, it was shown that smaller banks tend to copy models and disclosure practices adopted by larger banks.The results confirm the hypothesis that when organizations are faced with uncertainties and significant threats to its continuity, tend to copy structures and models adopted by others who are perceived as rational and efficient in the environment which they operate.This behavior was consistent with the precepts of institutional theory.
Geriatric surgical patients: is it possible to implement the comprehensive geriatric assessment in the emergency setting?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract With changing world demographics, increasing numbers of older patients present with complex surgical diseases and will require surgical management, mainly in the emergency setting. Ageing is associated with multimorbidity and frailty, both of which are independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Screening surgical patients for frailty, using specific tools, can lead to targeted interventions that reduce perioperative complications and length of hospital stay. In the last 10 years, perioperative models of care incorporating Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and optimisation methodology have been implemented for elective surgical procedures. In the emergency setting, surgeons are required to make critical, time-sensitive decisions, often with limited information and high responsibility. A comprehensive geriatric multidisciplinary assessment could support them in practice to improve the management of geriatric surgical patients. We aim to report the last evidence about the comprehensive geriatric assessment for geriatric surgical patients, including its implementation in the emergency setting through a focused narrative review. Graphical Abstract
(Non)Branding Cities and (De)Institutionalization Perspectives: A Case Study of Van, Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bu çalışma, yer markalaşma teorisine odaklanarak Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir şehir olan Van’da yürütülmüştür. Van kentinin paydaş yaklaşımıyla markalaşma sürecinde fiziksel, kültürel ve yaşayan hafızasına ilişkin deneyimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma stratejisiyle fenomenolojik desende, paydaşlarla hem yüz yüze hem de telefon görüşmelerine (n=30) dayanan nitel bir vaka çalışmasını benimsemektedir. Araştırma bulguları, katılımcıların hepsi şehirlerinin markalaşması konusunda istekli olduklarını ifade etmiş olmalarına rağmen, profesyonel markalaşma organizasyonları ve paydaş temelli markalaşma süreçleri gibi batı temelli yaklaşımların, kırsal “aşiret” kültürü ve gelenekleri etrafında örgütlenmiş bir topluluğun ihtiyaçlarını karşılamadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu örnek olay incelemesine rağmen, marka imajı ilgili tüm gruplar tarafından kabul edilerek mekânsal ve zamansal bağlamlar dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu makale, gelişmekte olan ekonomiler bağlamında politika yapıcılara ve turizm profesyonellerine yer markalaşması konusunda yapıcı öneriler sunmaktadır.
Polyvalent Cations Constitute the Voltage Gating Particle in Human

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

abstract Connexins oligomerize to form intercellular channels that gate in response to voltage and chemical agents such as divalent cations. Historically, these are believed to be two independent processes. Here, data for human connexin37 (hCx37) hemichannels indicate that voltage gating can be explained as block/unblock without the necessity for an independent voltage gate. hCx37 hemichannels closed at negative potentials and opened in a time-dependent fashion at positive potentials. In the absence of polyvalent cations, however, the channels were open at relatively negative potentials, passing current linearly with respect to voltage. Current at negative potentials could be inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the addition of polyvalent cations to the bathing solution. Inhibition could be explained as voltage-dependent block of hCx37, with the field acting directly on polyvalent cations, driving them through the pore to an intracellular site. At positive potentials, in the presence of polyvalent cations, the field favored polyvalent efflux from the intracellular blocking site, allowing current flow. The rate of appearance of current depended on the species and valence of the polyvalent cation in the bathing solution. The rate of current decay upon repolarization depended on the concentration of polyvalent cations in the bathing solution, consistent with deactivation by polyvalent block, and was rapid (time constants of tens of milliseconds), implying a high local concentration of polyvalents in or near the channel pore. Sustained depolarization slowed deactivation in a flux-dependent, voltage- and time-independent fashion. The model for hCx37 voltage gating as polyvalent block/unblock can be expanded to account for observations in the literature regarding hCx37 gap junction channel behavior. key words:
Analysis of Developmental Factors Determining Yield and Its Application to Yield prediction and Culture Improvement in Lawland Rice. : XLIX. Effects of irrigation-water temperature and its daily range in different growth-stages upon the growth, grain yield and its constitutional factors in rice plants.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Responses of the growth, grain-yield and yield-constitutional factors to the irrigation-water temperatures and their daily ranges were examined by subjecting the rice plants to different combinations of controlled day and night water-temperatures for 15 days (1957) or 30 days (1958) in different growth stages, as seen in Table 1. 1. Effects of the daily ranges of water temperatures on the number of panicles were clearly seen when treated at tillering stages, and the number of panicles the more increased in the higher day water-temperatures and in the lower night water-temperatures. 2. Low water-temperatures always affect the plants to increase the number of tillers and to reduce the plant height, and high day water-temperatures combined with a night temperature of 25°C were most effective in increasing the plant height. 3. There were found negative correlations between the number of panicles and that of spikelets per panicle, and between the percentage of ripened grains and the total number of spikelets per hill, then the clear effects of water-temperature on the number of spikelets per panicle and the percentage of ripened grains could hardly be seen. 4. The weight of 1, 000 grains was much increased by high day and night water-temperatures in the period from the beginning stage of spikelet differentiation to the heading stage. 5. The grain yield was much favored by high water-temperatures such as 35°C and 30°C in daytime and at night throughout the entire period. And it was very noticeable that a low night water-temperature as low as 15°C does not reduce the yield as well as the percentage of ripened grains markedly even in the critical period, if only day water-temperatures are kept pretty high. 6. Low water-temperatures than 27.5°C in an average of day and night temperatures caused the rice plants to delay their heading dates as the water-temperatures fell off.
Living with a depressed person in Denmark: A qualitative study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Strategies for coping with the burdens of living with a depressed person affect a family’s psychosocial environment. Aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how relatives make personal sense of living with a depressed family member. Methods: Thirteen cohabitant relatives were interviewed either individually or in a focus group. The transcribed interviews were interpreted thematically. Results: Relatives went through a psychosocial transformation process driven by the twin challenges of their attitudes towards the depressed family member and of stigma. Conclusions: More could be done to resolve families’ need for information and for emotional and practical support promoting recovery.
4 A comparative analysis of junior doctor redeployment strategies during the COVID-19 waves 2020–2021 – RCP Chief Registrars Experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim

Large scale workforce redeployment was common during the Covid-19 pandemic, with junior doctors significantly affected. Royal College of Physician Chief Registrars helped facilitate redeployment and were affected themselves. They were able to compare strategies and leadership approaches between waves and different trusts.

Method

Chief Registrars discussed their experiences during online discussions, collecting quantitative and qualitative data on a shared online template, with their Trust's consent. Data collected included number and grade of junior doctors affected, leadership strategies and feedback.

Result

Complete quantitative data for both waves were available from 4 trusts, and partial from 7 trusts. 8 District General and 6 Tertiary/Teaching hospitals were represented. Mean length of redeployment in wave 1 was longer (10.4 weeks [range 6.5-20]), compared to 6.2 weeks [range 0–10], with more doctors redeployed (mean 167 [range 40-259] compared with 42 doctors [range 0-86], despite higher numbers of Covid inpatients during wave 2. 1 trust implemented changes to working patterns instead of staff redeployment. Higher proportions of Foundation Doctors were redeployed in wave 2 (42%) compared to wave 1 (30%), with Core and GP trainees relative sparing (26% vs 12%). All trusts reported clinical representation in organising and communicating redeployment decisions, and all but one involved Chief Registrar. There was wide variation in stakeholder involvement, with no correlation to hospital size. Junior doctors reported feeling valued with a sense of team during redeployment. Feedback reported from wave 2 was less positive; shorter redeployment, frequent work pattern changes, suboptimal communication and burnout.

Conclusion

A more nuanced approach to redeployment was taken in 2021 compared to 2020. Clinical involvement in redeployment decisions, improving communication and collecting feedback of those involved, should be priorities during any future redeployment.