jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Changes in Mice after Getting Accustomed to the Mirror

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Patients with brain function disorders due to stroke or dementia may show inability to recognize themselves in the mirror. Although the cognitive ability to recognize mirror images has been investigated in many animal species, the animal species that can be used for experimentation and the mechanisms involved in recognition remain unclear. We investigated whether mice have the ability to recognize their mirror images. Demonstrating evidence of this in mice would be useful for researching the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying this ability. We examined whether mice preferred mirrors, whether plastic tapes on their heads increased their interest, and whether mice accustomed to mirrors learnt its physical phenomenon. Mice were significantly more interested in live stranger mice than mirrors. Mice with tape on their heads spent more time before mirrors. Becoming accustomed to mirrors did not change their behaviour. Mice accustomed to mirrors had significantly increased interest in photos of themselves over those of strangers and cage-mates. These results indicated that mice visually recognized plastic tape adherent to reflected individuals. Mice accustomed to mirrors were able to discriminate between their images, cage-mates, and stranger mice. However, it is still unknown whether mice recognize that the reflected images are of themselves.
Corrosion of Inconel Alloy 600 Steam Generator Tubes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two Inconel® 600 tubes removed from the hot leg side of the B steam generator from the Ginna Nuclear Power Plant have been examined, to determine the nature and probable casues of corrosion attack. Intergranular attack (IGA) was observed on the OD surface of both tubes, in those sections which were confined into the tube sheet crevice. The attack was only 1 to 2 grains deep on one tube, but extensive on the second. The IGA penetrated ~90 percent of the tube wall on this tube, at a location ~12 inches from the secondary face of the tube sheet. Surface scale on the tubes contained high concentrations of Na, which was highest (Na/P - 162) at the location of deepest attack on the second tube. The IGA was considered to be produced by a caustic like solution at plant operating conditions. The scale also contained carbonates and many elements, including Cu, Zn, Mg, Al, Si, K, etc. The attack likely was aided by the carbonate, CuO and possibly other chemicals in the surface scale. Boron, from boric acid flushes of the steam generator, was present in the surface scale of the tubes to a depth of about 9 inches into the tube sheet crevice. The tubes were in the mill annealed condition and were not sufficiently sensitized for polythionic acid type attack, as indicated by the EPR test, even though some discrete carbide precipitates were present at the grain boundaries. Relatively large grain size appear to contribute to the severe IGA on the second tube.
Socio-economic and ecological transition in community supported agriculture: from the 'transitional' to the 'ideal' CSA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper focuses on the transitional features of community supported agriculture (CSA). Its key contribution is to show the transformational potential of CSA for agricultural system change. The starting point of this research is the 'ideal' CSA model. Instead of a monolithic CSA model, in practice, we find a patchwork of experiences that we group together under the 'transitional' CSA name. We develop a framework that highlights the 'transitional' CSA model and compares it with both the conventional and the 'ideal' CSA. The co-evolutionary approach helps us to understand how CSAs adapt to their context. We use many narratives from the broad literature on CSAs.
The main problems of transmutation of actinides and long-lived fission products from NPP spent fuel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper formulates the main problems associated with research on transmutation, which should be paid attention to by today’s young researchers. The processes of production of hazardous nuclides during transmutation in reactor facilities are considered. The goals of transmutation and the choice of nuclides to be transmuted are discussed. The concept of radiotoxicity is explained as a measure of the radiological hazard of radioactive nuclides, based on the maximum permissible concentration of nuclides according to the IAEA standards. The problem of the formation of secondary radioactive nuclides in nuclear fuel during generation of neutrons for transmutation is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of transmutation in nuclear installations are considered: inclusion of transmutable nuclides in nuclear fuel in fast reactors, transmutation in specialized thermal and fast transmutation reactor installations and ADS systems. The problem of accumulation of highly radioactive actinides in a transmutation facility during long-term transmutation and the problem of a potential hazard of the transmutation facility itself are discussed. The unacceptability of application of common-type power reactors for the transmutation of long-lived fission products is demonstrated.
Filosofía de ciencia y la investigación científica.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The objective of the essay was to address the philosophy of science and research, highlighting how scientific knowledge is developed, validated, and characterized. An empirical, systematic methodology based on rigorous observation and experimentation is emphasized, guaranteeing scientific findings based on verifiable evidence. In addition, the iterative nature of scientific research highlights the importance of flexibility to guide the development of new knowledge. As a basic criterion for distinguishing between science and non-science, Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion states that a hypothesis must be experimentally disprovable. In addition, the theories of scientific revolutions and paradigms (Thomas Kuhn) are explored, highlighting how new ways of thinking about various things can lead to important advances in the understanding of science. It also considers the debate between realism and anti-realism, addressing research ethics, emphasizing issues of moral responsibility, ethical standards and equitable distribution of benefits or risks. In conclusion, critical and morally responsible conduct, which has a beneficial impact on society, is largely based on philosophical considerations of science. In order to ensure that the expansion of knowledge has a favorable impact on this society while respecting rigorous ethical standards, the philosophical importance in the critical appraisal of such scientific activity is emphasized. Keywords: philosophy, ethics, research, scientific knowledge.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Management of Chronic Pain in Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disorder characterized primarily by chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of three medications to treat FM: pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran. The pharmaceutical intervention has lacked consistent pain relief among all patients. Therefore, the investigation into alternative treatment options has grown in interest. This narrative review aims to evaluate the evidence regarding vitamin D for the treatment of FM. Methods Narrative review. Results Low serum vitamin D has been linked to various chronic pain states. An association between vitamin D deficiency and FM has been reported but is controversial in the literature. Some studies have documented the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on reducing pain symptoms and improving the overall quality of life in those with FM. Despite these positive findings, many of the studies regarding this topic lack adequate power to make substantial conclusions about the effects of vitamin D on FM. Conclusion Existing studies provide promising results. However, additional high-quality data on vitamin D supplementation is needed before recommendations for pain management can be made. Vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, has minimal side effects, and can benefit FM patients regardless of its efficacy in pain control. Additionally, high-quality studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential of vitamin D to manage chronic pain in FM.
The Determinants of Employee Retention at the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of leadership, compensation, and career development on employee retention within Indonesia's Ministry of Finance. Addressing a gap in the literature on public sector employee retention, the research employs a quantitative approach, surveying 224 employees from the Directorate General of Customs and Excise. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the study finds that all three factors significantly influence employee retention. These results provide actionable insights for policymakers and management to enhance workforce stability in government organizations.
The first neo-conservative: James Burnham and the origins of a movement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the origins of American neo-conservatism by assessing the contributions of one of its less known inspirations, James Burnham. In charting Burnham's political philosophies and various contemporary reactions to them, this article examines his legacy as it relates to the movement, specifically in his approach to foreign affairs and institutions. It argues that he was more a pioneer than is often acknowledged. In so doing this article also corrects misunderstandings that have arisen in critiques of neo-conservatism, suggesting that Burnham's oeuvre may offer more instructive guidance than some of his contemporaries in understanding the neo-conservative revolution in American foreign policy.
Seasonal and Diurnal Periodicity in the Release of Cronartiumcomandrae Aeciospores from Stem Cankers on Lodgepole Pine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Release of Cronartiumcomandrae Pk. aeciospores from stem cankers on Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. in southwestern Alberta occurred from mid-May to late August, the peak period being between late May and mid-June, after which there was a gradual decrease. Diurnal aeciospore periodicity showed spores to be usually released between 0800 and 1900 hours, with some evidence for a double peak. Maximum daily concentration of trapped spores at a distance of 2.5 cm from the canker was 17 217 spores/m 3 , but on more than half the days fewer than 100 spores/m 3 were collected. The highest hourly concentration observed from an individual canker was 128 200 spores/m 3 , which coincided with the onset of heavy rain. Atmospheric turbulence was associated with all peak aeciospore concentrations. Little release occurred when temperatures were below 7 °C, when relative humidity levels were high, or when dew was present. Peak release occurred when air temperatures were above 20 °C and relative humidity levels were at their lowest. Heavy rains initially increased spore concentrations, but light rains did not have the same effect. Wind was important for initiation of spore release, but there was no close correlation between high wind velocities and high spore concentrations released from a canker.
Dampak Abrasi Pulau Tiban, Desa Kartikajaya Kecamatan Patebon Kabupaten Kendal

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In mid-2017 there was a fairly large storm on the north coast of Java which resulted in quite a large amount of coastal abrasion in the tourist attraction "Pulau Tiban" Kartikajaya Village, Patebon District, Kendal Regency, so that tourism activities stopped. This research aims to determine the process of abrasion and the impact felt by the surrounding community due to the destruction of the tourist attraction "Pulau Tiban" in Kartikajaya Village. While the method used is observation with remote sensing methods, namely using the Google Earth application to determine the level of abrasion process from year to year and interviews to determine the impact of abrasion on tourist attraction activities. From the observations, it can be seen that sedimentation and accretion occurred from 2013 to 2017, experiencing a significant increase, reaching a maximum area of more than 8.2 hectares with an annual average of 1.27 hectares. Meanwhile, the abrasion that occurred in the 2017 to 2019 period and almost submerged the “Pulau Tiban” Beach Tourism Object of 2.5 ha/year. With the SPSS 26.0 application in 2020, the level of validity can be seen by comparing r count with Sig 1-tailed, data validity is seen if r count ? Sig.1-tailed with a significance of 0.05 or 5%. To find r table, where df=N-2 then r table is 0.3172 while the value of the sample question gets the value of r count=0.778 which is greater than the value of r table = 0.3172 so that the question is said to be valid.
Abstract WP59: Long-term Survival According to CBF Grade of MR Perfusion in Acute Stroke Patients With the Carotid Artery Occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose: It is difficult to anticipate long-term survival in a hyperacute stroke stage. The aim of our study was to investigate whether or not simple probable CBF grading of MR perfusion was useful for anticipating long-term survival probability (SP) in acute stroke patients due to the carotid artery occlusion. Methods: Included were patients 1) who were admitted to our institution within 24 hours of onset between Jan 2005 and May 2014, 2) who underwent MRA displaying no carotid artery (ICA) in the affected side and 3) who were treated without any reperfusion therapy. We evaluated patients features, CBF grades, any death within 120 days. CBF grade was calculated by using bilateral time-intensity curves (TICs) of MR perfusion. TICs were generated on region of interests set at symmetrical positions of the bilateral MCA territories. According to the time to peak (TP) and the peak signal (PS) comparing the affected side (a) with the contralateral side (c), we regarded the affected-sided PSa divided by TPa as possible CBFa and the contralateral-sided PSc divided by TPc as possible CBFc. CBF grade 1 was defined as CBFa divided by CBFc (CBF%) less than 0.2, grade 2 as CBF% of 0.2 or more and CBF% less than 0.7 and grade 3 as CBF% of 0.7 or more. Results: Eighty-four patients matched our inclusive criteria. Average age was 77.9 years, median NISS on adm (NIH adm) was 19, DWI-ASPECTS (D-ACT) was 3. There were 27, 32 and 25 in grade 1, 2 and 3. Thirty-eight patients (45.2%) died within 120 days. In grade 1, 2 and 3, 22, 14 and 2 patients died within 120 days, and SP of the Kaplan-Meier method at 120 days was 18.5%,53.9%,92.0% (p<0.001), respectively. In addition, there were significant differences between any two grades (p<0.016). Conclusion: Simple CBF grading of MR perfusion was useful for anticipating long-term survival provability in the hyperacute stroke stage. Long-term SP in grade 1 patients was very low, whereas that in grade 3 patients was high.
Timing of Pediatric Palliative Care Consults in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pediatric palliative care (PPC) provides an extra layer of support for families caring for a child with complex heart disease as these patients often experience lifelong morbidities with frequent hospitalizations and risk of early mortality. PPC referral at the time of heart disease diagnosis provides early involvement in the disease trajectory, allowing PPC teams to longitudinally support patients and families with symptom management, complex medical decision-making, and advanced care planning. We analyzed 113 hospitalized pediatric patients with a primary diagnosis of heart disease and a PPC consult to identify timing of first PPC consultation in relation to diagnosis, complex chronic conditions (CCC), and death. The median age of heart disease diagnosis was 0 days with a median of two CCCs while PPC consultation did not occur until a median age of 77 days with a median of four CCCs. Median time between PPC consult and death was 33 days (interquartile range: 7–128). Death often occurred in the intensive care unit (n = 36, 67%), and the most common mode was withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (n = 31, 57%). PPC referral often occurred in the context of medical complexity and prolonged hospitalization. Referral close to the time of heart disease diagnosis would allow patients and families to fully utilize PPC benefits that exist outside of end-of-life care and may influence the mode and location of death. PPC consultation should be considered at the time of heart disease diagnosis, especially in neonates and infants with CCCs.
Evaluating the Irritant Factors of Silicone and Hydrocolloid Skin Contact Adhesives Using Trans-Epidermal Water Loss, Protein Stripping, Erythema, and Ease of Removal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A composite silicone skin adhesive material was designed to improve its water vapor permeability to offer advantages to wearer comfort compared to existing skin adhesive dressings available (including perforated silicone and hydrocolloid products). The chemical and mechanical properties of this novel dressing were analyzed to show that it has a high creep compliance, offering anisotropic elasticity that is likely to place less stress on the skin. A participant study was carried out in which 31 participants wore a novel silicone skin adhesive (Sil2) and a hydrocolloid competitor and were monitored for physiological response to the dressings. Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured pre- and postwear to determine impairment of skin barrier function. Sil2 exhibited a higher vapor permeability than the hydrocolloid dressings during wear. Peel strength measurements and dye counter staining of the removed dressings showed that the hydrocolloid had a higher adhesion to the participants' skin, resulting in a greater removal of proteins from the stratum corneum and a higher pain rating from participants on removal. Once the dressings were removed, TEWL of the participants skin beneath the Sil2 was close to normal in comparison to the hydrocolloid dressings that showed an increase in skin TEWL, indicating that the skin had been highly occluded. Analysis of the skin immediately after removal showed a higher incidence of erythema following application of hydrocolloid dressings (>60%) compared to Sil2, (<30%). In summary, this modified silicone formulation demonstrates superior skin protection properties compared to hydrocolloid dressings and is more suitable for use as a skin adhesive.
New Faces of Validity of Educational Tests

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Validity is no longer applicable only to the psychometric community. Today the school community, the courts, the news media, government, and special interests have at least an equal hand in the matter. The paper updates the concept of test validity to match the current educational scene. The new conception entails a set of 10 categories yoked together in pairs: curriculum and instructional validity, statutory and forensic validity, media and journalistic validity, political and legislative validity, and partisan and activist validity.
Implementasi Manajemen Kurikulum di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of curriculum management in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri. This research approach is qualitative with a case study type of research. This research was conducted in MAN 2 Makassar City, the data sources in this study were curriculum wakamad, student wakamad, two teachers, and one student. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Data checking and validation using data trianggulation techniques. The results of the research obtained are 1) At the planning stage of implementing the learning curriculum, namely the 2013 curriculum and class X responding to the independent curriculum, also before the new school year, a working meeting was held which was divided into 5 commissions to discuss work programs. The subject teacher makes a lesson plan that has been approved by the principal before it is implemented. 2) At the implementation stage of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Makassar City has a club and extracurricular as a forum for students to learn. Teachers enter the MGPM organization by involving teachers to compile lesson plans, prepare facilities and infrastructure for the learning process, and arrange a comfortable and pleasant learning environment. 3) At the evaluation stage, it is carried out routinely and not routinely. Evaluation of the work program is carried out in accordance with the implementation of the program and when there is a discussion that will be discussed further, a meeting will be held. For student assessment, an assessment of students' daily lives is carried out, both daily tests, practices, midterm tests, end-of-semester tests and student personality scores which are then accumulated. After that, it will be discussed at the class upgrade determination meeting. The credit system is also applied, namely students can graduate quickly with a study period of 2 years and no later than 4 years.
A mathematical examination of the press model for atmospheric turbulence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The random process used to model atmospheric turbulence in aircraft response problems is examined. The first, second, and higher order probability density and characteristic functions were developed. The concepts of the Press model lead to an approximate procedure for the analysis of the response of linear dynamic systems to a class of non-Gaussian random processes. The Press model accounts for both the Gaussian and non-Gaussian forms of measured turbulence data. The nonstationary aspects of measured data are explicitly described by the transition properties of the random process. The effects of the distribution of the intensity process upon calculated exceedances are examined. It is concluded that the press model with a Gaussian intensity distribution gives a conservative prediction of limit load values.
Genetic relationships between type composites and length of productive life of Black-and-White Holstein cattle in Germany

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Survival analysis made it possible to include records of cows alive in the breeding evaluation. However, estimated breeding values (EBV) of sires for length of productive life (LPL) still become reliable considerably later than EBVs for other traits of the same sire. EBVs for type traits can be used as early indicators for the EBV of LPL. Especially, composite indexes of type trait EBVs could be helpful for this purpose. First, it is attempted to predict the EBV for LPL from existing composite indexes. The correlation between predicted and actual EBV for LPL was only moderate. Correlations of composite indexes with EBV for LPL were at best slightly higher than the highest correlations of single type traits building these indexes. The composite index for body even had a negative correlation with EBV for LPL. Therefore, it is investigated how composite indexes could be redefined to predict EBVs for LPL better. Redefining the composite indexes resulted in indexes based on fewer traits and with higher correlations with EBVs for LPL. Prediction of EBV for LPL was only slightly improved. This was due to higher correlations among composite indexes after re-definition.