jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myanmar Political Instability: A Threat to Southeast Asia Stability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to explain current Myanmar political instability due to the recent military coup d’état on February 1, 2021 led by General Senior Min Aung Hlaing follow with Aung San Suu Kyi and other pro-democracy elite leaders arrests. Domestically, up to present time, after the military coup, most Burmese supporters of Myanmar's democratization such medical doctors, teachers, traders, civilian political leaders, and university students balked and staged massive demonstrations against the military coup and demanded the return of civilian government authority by the military junta government. This research revealed that this unexpected Myanmar phenomenal political situation has impact on Southeast Asia regional security and ASEAN Unity.
Environmental Legacies of Major Events: Solid Waste Management and the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Uganda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Important political, cultural, or sports events can accelerate improvements in environmental policy and performance. This study investigates whether environmental improvements–and especially those related to solid waste–materialized during the 2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting (CHOGM) in Kampala, Uganda, and whether these improvements lasted well after that event. A quantitative survey was used to investigate the state of solid waste management before, during, and after CHOGM, measured through the perceptions of urban residents. Interviews and documents were used to interpret survey results. The study concludes that additional resources and institutional changes in solid waste management in the lead up to CHOGM, resulted in considerable improvements. Some of these effects on solid waste management lasted up to at least one year after hosting the CHOGM event. In addition, CHOGM lifted the differences in perceptions of solid waste management between the city center and peripheral divisions
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Secondary to Rheumatoid Artritis: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphoid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from B- and T-lymphocytes with an unexplained etiology. Several autoimmune conditions, especially Sjögren syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with lymphoma. Immunosuppressive agents like methotrexate may cause Epstein-Barr virus reactivation that can lead to development of lymphoma. The risk of lymphoma, especially Hodgkin lymphoma, is increased up to 2-3 times in RA patients compared to normal population. The cause of increased risk is independent from the immunosuppressive medication. We report here an unusual case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with RA receiving methotrexate treatment, after obtaining the approval of the informed consent of the patient.
Systemic sclerosis presenting as CREST syndrome: A case report and review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by diffuse fibrosis; degenerative changes; and vascular abnormalities in the skin (scleroderma), articular structures, and internal organs especially the esophagus, GI tract, lung, heart, and kidney. We report the case of a 31 years old female patient who came to the ED with complications of SSc after has been diagnosed with a limited cutaneous scleroderma. This case illustrates the varied multisystem presentation of SSc.
General Review of Tinnitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tinnitus is an increasing health concern across all strata of the general population. Although an abundant amount of literature has addressed the many facets of tinnitus, wide-ranging differences in professional beliefs and attitudes persist concerning its clinical management. These differences are detrimental to tinnitus patients because the management they receive is based primarily on individual opinion (which can be biased) rather than on medical consensus. It is thus vitally important for the tinnitus professional community to work together to achieve consensus. To that end, this article provides a broad-based review of what is presently known about tinnitus, including prevalence, associated factors, theories of pathophysiology, psychological effects, effects on disability and handicap, workers' compensation issues, clinical assessment, and various forms of treatment. This summary of fundamental information has relevance to both clinical and research arenas.
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the era of value-based health care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a disorder of the retina in the eye. The dissertation describes that without treatment, sharpness of sight and quality of life of patients deteriorate considerably. Earlier studies have investigated the cost-effectiveness of treatments, often with incorrect assumptions. A new computer model showed that treatment with the medicine ‘bevacizumab’ is cost-effective. Furthermore, the thesis describes methods that can help ophthalmologists make decisions about whether or not to treat a patient, based on the sharpness of sight and quality of life. Treatments have also been compared on practical results. Points for improvement in diagnosis and treatment were also found.
Archaeological potential of the Rio Grande Valley: A look at Brazos Island with a historical focus on the Civil War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of the Rio Grande Valley and the role it played in the Civil War is a developing field for both history and archaeology. This work helps to fill the existing gap that is present in academia and shows the archaeological and historical potential of this unique coastal area. The Brazos Island was heavily used during the Civil War by both the Confederacy and the Union. This thesis shows the rich history of Brazos Island and its archaeological potential through a multi-interdisciplinary lens, although rooted in the field of history. It covers a brief overview of the road to the Civil War nationally, Texas’s unique vote for secession, entry into the Confederacy, the beginning of the Civil War along the Rio Grande river, and the Matamoros cotton trade. It also dives into the struggles the Confederacy faced, The Rio Grande Expedition is examined, and the end of the Civil War in the Rio Grande Valley. It elaborates on the function of Brazos Island and Brazos Santiago, during the war. The impact of two hurricanes and how they affected the history of Brazos Island and its archaeological record are covered. Finally, this thesis covers the evolution of the modern archaeological record produced on Brazos Island and Brazos Santiago until the late 1990s.
Variability in Successive Operational Model Forecasts of Maritime Cyclogenesis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The level of variability present in operational model simulations of marine cyclogenesis was examined. Successive forecasts valid for the same 12-h time period of analysed maximum cyclone central pressure fall from the National Meteorological Center (NMC) nested grid model (NGM) and the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) regional finite element model (RFE) were examined for one cold season (November 1988–March 1989). All cyclones with an analysed 12-h maximum central pressure fall occurring within the Western Atlantic region were included in the study, comprising a total of 52 sets of 0–12-,12–24-, 24–36-, and 36–48-h forecasts. Analyzed cyclone development spanned a wide range of intensities from no development (one case) to extraordinarily rapid development (greater than 24 mb in 12 h, 14 cases). The primary storm track was located offshore, resulting in reduced precipitation along the coastal regions. Both models tended to under-forecast cyclone development, and under-represent the clustering of cyclone activity within a narrow band offshore. This tendency became progressively stronger in the NGM with forecast range, while the behavior of the RFE was complicated by an apparent short-range (0–12-h) spin-up problem. The degree of variability in a sequence of forecasts was not well related to the overall prediction error for either model, belying the view that consistency in successive model forecasts indicates reliability. Each model exhibited forecast of low variance with high error (consistently poor forecasts of development) and sets of high variance with low error (inconsistent, but within range of the analyzed development). The models performed more similarly with regard to their mean error characteristics for a given set of forecasts than in terms of the dispersion of that error within the forecast sequences.
COVID-ABM Description.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div><p>We evaluate approaches to vaccine distribution using an agent-based model of human activity and COVID-19 transmission calibrated to detailed trends in cases, hospitalizations, deaths, seroprevalence, and vaccine breakthrough infections in Florida, USA. We compare the incremental effectiveness for four different distribution strategies at four different levels of vaccine supply, starting in late 2020 through early 2022. Our analysis indicates that the best strategy to reduce severe outcomes would be to actively target high disease-risk individuals. This was true in every scenario, although the advantage was greatest for the intermediate vaccine availability assumptions and relatively modest compared to a simple mass vaccination approach under high vaccine availability. Ring vaccination, while generally the most effective strategy for reducing infections, ultimately proved least effective at preventing deaths. We also consider using age group as a practical surrogate measure for actual disease-risk targeting; this approach also outperforms both simple mass distribution and ring vaccination. We find that quantitative effectiveness of a strategy depends on whether effectiveness is assessed after the alpha, delta, or omicron wave. However, these differences in absolute benefit for the strategies do not change the ranking of their performance at preventing severe outcomes across vaccine availability assumptions.</p></div>
Improving early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and COPD: protocol of the RED-CVD cluster randomised diagnostic trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The early stages of chronic progressive cardiovascular disease (CVD) generally cause non-specific symptoms that patients often do not spontaneously mention to their general practitioner, and are therefore easily missed. A proactive diagnostic strategy has the potential to uncover these frequently missed early stages, creating an opportunity for earlier intervention. This is of particular importance for chronic progressive CVDs with evidence-based therapies known to improve prognosis, such as ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at particularly high risk of developing CVD. In the current study, we will demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of screening these high-risk patients with our early diagnosis strategy, using tools that are readily available in primary care, such as symptom questionnaires (to be filled out by the patients themselves), natriuretic peptide measurement and electrocardiography. Methods and analysis The Reviving the Early Diagnosis-CVD trial is a multicentre, cluster randomised diagnostic trial performed in primary care practices across the Netherlands. We aim to include 1300 (2×650) patients who participate in a primary care disease management programme for COPD or type 2 diabetes. Practices will be randomised to the intervention arm (performing the early diagnosis strategy during the routine visits that are part of the disease management programmes) or the control arm (care as usual). The main outcome is the number of newly detected cases with CVDs in both arms, and the subsequent therapies they received. Secondary endpoints include quality of life, cost-effectiveness and the added diagnostic value of family and reproductive history questionnaires and three (novel) biomarkers (high-sensitive troponin-I, growth differentiation factor-15 and suppressor of tumourigenicity 2). Finally newly initiated treatments will be compared in both groups. Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. Results are expected in 2022 and will be disseminated through international peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number NTR7360.
Coastal meltwater plume detection and its response to melting variations around the Greenland Ice Sheet

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Meltwater runoff is an important component of the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet and is usually assessed using climate-mass balance models. In-situ measurements of runoff from the outlets are rare, and remote sensing platforms capable of monitoring runoff in rivers, lakes and fjords are in their infancy. Thus, there is a need to investigate new methods of observing meltwater losses. Preliminary studies have been conducted correlating measured meltwater discharge to different characteristics of plumes containing suspended sediment in fjords retrieved from remote sensing. However, suspended sediments are not directly representative of meltwater leaving the ice sheet, and later in the melt season the meltwater may have a very low sediment load due to exhaustion in sediment supply. Also, the spatial resolution of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery used in these studies limits the accuracy of sediment plume retrieval, especially in areas of pervasive iceberg and sea ice cover. For non-glacial environments, there have been successful attempts at delineating freshwater plumes in the ocean by their surface salinity and thermal signatures achieved from satellite imagery. For my MPhil dissertation, I propose to use multi-year Landsat data to derive a time series of water plume location, size and shape using proxies for identifying suspended sediment, salinity and thermal signals in several fjords in Greenland. Seasonal and inter-annual variations in the location, size and shape of the various plumes will then be compared against variations in ice-sheet melt extent achieved from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave data and cumulative melt derived from a positive degree model in order to examine the correlations between ice sheet melting and the delivery of water to the ice sheet margins.
The Role of Technical Quality Control in Histology Laboratories

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The importance of laboratories cannot be gainsaid as far as the health of any country is concerned.This is especially considering that laboratories have a bearing on the accuracy of research carried out on varied ailments, as well as the effectiveness of any remedial substance.Of course, there are numerous categories of laboratories with histology laboratories coming as some of the most fundamental.Histology laboratories come with a number of distinctive characteristics that can only be comprehended through comparing the laboratories with other areas of medical laboratories.Nevertheless, they also have to ensure the efficacy and integrity of their results.This underlines the importance of quality control in histology laboratories.Quality control underlines a system pertaining to routine technical activities that are aimed at developing and controlling the quality and accuracy of inventory while it is being developed.This system comes up with consistent and routine checks that identify and address omissions and errors, safeguard the integrity, completeness and correctness of data, while also recording all quality control activities.This Review Article examines the role of quality control in histology laboratories.It examines the varied aspects of quality management including risk identification, risk analysis and risk elimination.On the same note, it examines the convergence between quality management and quality assurance while paying close attention to the role of technical quality control in histology laboratories.
Pengaruh Tutupan Lahan terhadap Insidensi Pneumonia pada Balita di Provinsi Lampung

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land cover changes caused ecological disturbance. Ecological disturbances increase theincidence of Pneumonia toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in landcover and land contribution classes on the incidence of Pneumonia toddlers. This study wasconducted from March to December 2015 on the research area of Lampung Province. Landforest cover change detection using Landsat imagery in 2002, 2009 and 2014, resulted in thepercentage of land cover. The impact of land cover change on the incidence of Pneumoniatoddler calculated by multiple linear regression model. Proved that there is a relationshipbetween changes in land cover with an incidence of Pneumonia toddler. Land class variablesthat significantly affect the incidence of Pneumonia is a private forest with a p-value = 0,047,and developed land with a p-value = 0,004, open land with a p-value = 0,054, while thepopulation density variable has a p-value = 0,000. In addition, state forest as one of landcover category does not have significant effects in this study.Keywords: land cover, multiple linear regression, pneumonia incidence
Immunoscintigraphic Evaluation of Lymph Node Involvement in Prostatic Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Apr 1988Immunoscintigraphic Evaluation of Lymph Node Involvement in Prostatic Carcinoma P. Vihko, M. Kontturi, O. Lukkarinen, P. Martikainen, L. Pelliniemi, J. Heikkilä, and R. Vihko P. VihkoP. Vihko More articles by this author , M. KontturiM. Kontturi More articles by this author , O. LukkarinenO. Lukkarinen More articles by this author , P. MartikainenP. Martikainen More articles by this author , L. PelliniemiL. Pelliniemi More articles by this author , J. HeikkiläJ. Heikkilä More articles by this author , and R. VihkoR. Vihko More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42678-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Immunoscintigraphic Evaluation of Lymph Node Involvement in Prostatic Carcinoma." The Journal of Urology, 139(4), p. 879 © 1988 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 139Issue 4April 1988Page: 879 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1988 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information P. Vihko More articles by this author M. Kontturi More articles by this author O. Lukkarinen More articles by this author P. Martikainen More articles by this author L. Pelliniemi More articles by this author J. Heikkilä More articles by this author R. Vihko More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Simplified Approach to Modeling the Rate of Formation of Gas Hydrates Formed from Mixtures of Gases

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experiments were conducted in a semibatch stirred tank reactor, equipped with an in situ particle size analyzer, to study the rate of formation of hydrates from mixtures of carbon dioxide and methane. Two gas mixtures of CO2 (1) + CH4 (2), one with x1 = 0.4 and the other with x1 = 0.6, were used in the current study. The experimental temperature ranged from 274 to 276 K and the experimental pressure ranged from 20 to 27 bar absolute. The range of temperatures was bounded by the freezing point of water and the temperature at which the CO2 vapor pressure curve intersects the methane hydrate curve. Initially, the results were analyzed using the kinetic model of Englezos et al. (Chem. Eng. Sci. 1987, 42, 2659−2666). After a careful re-examination of the model of Englezos et al., it was realized that the mathematical model for gas hydrate formation from gas mixtures could be simplified by directly incorporating the hydrate phase stoichiometry. The new approach has the added advantage that the intrinsic rate constant of gas hydrate formation is required for only a single component. Thus, a new approach was proposed to model the kinetics of gas hydrate formation from a mixture of gases, and the results from these predictions were compared to the results obtained using the model of Englezos et al. The root-mean squares of the relative errors between the experimental results and the predictions of the new model and the model of Englezos et al. were found to be 2.70% and 4.29%, respectively.
Neural pathways associated with reduced rigidity during pallidal deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Subject-specific computational models of pallidal deep brain stimulation, in conjunction with quantitative measures of forearm rigidity, were used to examine the neural pathways mediating stimulation-induced changes in rigidity in people with Parkinson’s disease. The model uniquely included internal, efferent and adjacent pathways of the basal ganglia. The results demonstrate that reductions in rigidity evoked by deep brain stimulation were principally mediated by the activation of globus pallidus internus efferent pathways.
Flat refractive geometry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While the study of geometry has mainly concentrated on single-viewpoint (SVP) cameras, there is growing attention to more general non-SVP systems. Here we study an important class of systems that inherently have a non-SVP: a perspective camera imaging through an interface into a medium. Such systems are ubiquitous: they are common when looking into water-based environments. The paper analyzes the common flat-interface class of systems. It characterizes the locus of the viewpoints (caustic) of this class, and proves that the SVP model is invalid in it. This may explain geometrical errors encountered in prior studies. Our physics-based model is parameterized by the distance of the lens from the medium interface, beside the focal length. The physical parameters are calibrated by a simple approach that can be based on a single-frame. This directly determines the system geometry. The calibration is then used to compensate for modeled system distortion. Based on this model, geometrical measurements of objects are significantly more accurate, than if based on an SVP model. This is demonstrated in real-world experiments.
Gender Wage Inequality in the Western Balkans

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter contributes to the body of knowledge on income inequality in the Western Balkans by analysing the scope and characteristics of wage disparities between women and men in Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro. The analysis is based on the Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for the period 2008–2011 and the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition.