jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Watering cattle (young bulls) with brackish water – a hazard due to its salt content?

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Objective: The aim of this experimental study was primarily to test the effects and reactions of cattle offered salty water as the only source of drinking water. Material and methods: Mineral balance studies were carried out on three bull, continuously fed a ration based on hay, hay cobs, barley, soybean meal and a vitamin/mineral supplement. The salt content of the drinking water varied between the trials (trials I/II/III: 0.10/5.00/10.0 g/l; town water supplemented by different amounts of an additive containing 95.4% sodium chloride and 4.6% potassium chloride). Results: Rising salt concentration of the drinking water led to significantly higher sodium, potassium and chloride intake (sodium: trial I/II/III = 5.42/59.5/ 157 g/day; potassium: trials I/II/III = 108/117/121 g/day; chloride: trials I/II/III = 22.8/112/266 g/day) mainly caused by a significantly higher water intake (trials I/II/III: 21.8 ± 2.03/30.4 ± 3.08/41.5 ± 5.89 kg/day). Amounts of urine increased significantly (trials I/II/III: 3.99 ± 0.46/ 9.66 ± 1.34/20.2 ± 3.14 kg/day). The concentrations of minerals in the urine (sodium: trials I/II/III = 123/3729/6705 mg/kg; potassium: trials I/II/III = 17345/9996/ 5496 mg/kg; chloride: trials I/II/III = 2020/ 9672/11870 mg/kg) and faeces (sodium: trials I/II/III = 1299/6544/ 7653 mg/kg; potassium: trials I/II/III = 6343/3719/3490 mg/kg; chloride: trials I/II/III = 3851/4580/4693 mg/kg) also changed significantly over time. Serum values of sodium tended to decrease (trials I/II/III: 142/137/137 mmol/l) within the phsiological range, whereas those of chloride increased (trials I/II/III: 91.5/95.6/97.5 mmol/l) at higher salt concentrations in drinking water. The haematocrit, pH-value as well as urea content in blood were not affected by the higher salt intake. In balance trial III (highest salt load: 10.0 g/l), sodium intake of the bulls reached 0.57 ± 0.03 g/kg BW (~22.1 ± 0.9 g sodium/kg dry matter feed). Conclusion and clinical relevance: An increase of salinity in drinking water up to 10 g/l – with otherwise harmless water quality – had no measurable negative effects on animal health in the investigation period and subsequent periods (total of 58 days with more than 5.00 g of salt per litre drinking water).
MSU-Mamba: Multi-Scale Defocus Blur Detection Using Cross-Scale Fusion and State Space Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Defocus blur detection (DBD) plays a pivotal role in computer vision, serving as a fundamental step to enhance the performance of various downstream applications, such as image refocusing, depth estimation, and saliency detection. Despite recent advancements, existing methods often struggle in complex scenes with homogeneous regions, subtle blur transitions, and cluttered backgrounds. In this paper, we develop a novel approach (MSU-Mamba) to combine a multi-scale feature extraction with state-space modeling for boosting defocus blur detection. To do so, we develop a Multi-Scale Fusion (MSF) Block to integrate long-range dependency features across multiple scales to enhance feature representation. Moreover, in our MSF block, we devise a cross-scale token scanning mechanism into the original Mamba to better distinguish blurred and sharp regions. Comprehensive experiments conducted on benchmark datasets show that our MSU-Mamba outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of F-measure and MAE. The results validate our approach as a promising solution to the challenges of defocus blur detection and its application to downstream tasks.
Development of self-compacting concretes using rice husk or fly ashes and different cement types

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Self-compacting concretes (SCCs) are considered promising materials in the civil engineering field. Their main characteristic is the ability to compact only through gravitational force. Mineral additions such as rice husk ash (RHA) and fly ash (FA) are recommended to be used in SCCs during their mix designing, in order to increase fluidity and mechanical strength. These materials are also considered wastes from industry, without a certain destination, which contributes to environmental pollution. In this study, four mixtures of SCC were tested using RHA and FA with two different types of Portland cement, CEM CP IV and white CEM. For the fresh state tests, all of the SCCs mixtures showed satisfactory results. The SCCs with white CEM showed higher mechanical strength at 7 days than CEM CP IV. Analyzing the mineral additions, their use improved the mechanical strength of SCCs at 28 days, there is also observed a higher pozzolanic effect to RHA.
Aspirin is not a risk factor of haemorrhagic complications during or after surgery of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the hemorrhagic risk of treatment by acetylsalicylic acid, during the management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RD). Methods This comparative prospective case control study included a cohort of 322 patients from a prospective cohort of 835 patients with primary rhegmatogenous RD. After exclusion of patients with RD secondary,74 patients were included in the hemorrhagic group and patients without hemorrhagic complications were randomly selected in order to reach a 1:3 case (control population, n=248). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors of perioperative bleeding. Results Univariate analysis showed that the presence of initial vitreous hemorrhage, size of breaks, number of breaks, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and the number of cryotherapy impacts were significantly associated with perioperative bleeding. Independent risk factors of perioperative hemorrhage were the number of cryotherapy sessions (odds ratio =1.12 [1.06; 1.20], 95% CI), transscleral drainage (OR =4.22 [1.62; 10.98]), and PPV (OR =3.39 [1.36; 8.47]). The occurrence of bleeding complications was associated with a lower single‐operation anatomical success rate. There was also a trend toward an association between bleeding complications, the total number of RD recurrences, and final visual acuity. Conclusion Aspirin was not an independent risk factor of hemorrhagic complications during and after surgery of primary rhegmatogenous RD. The bleeding risk is instead associated with surgical factors such as PPV, cryotherapy, and subretinal fluid drainage.
Step-Scheme Photocatalyst of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots/BiOBr Nanosheets for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Heterojunction manipulation has been deemed as a promising approach in exploring efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. In this article, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst of CsPbBr3 quantum dots/BiOBr nanosheets (CPB/BiOBr) was fabricated via a facile self-assembly process. The strong interaction, staggered energy band alignments, and much different Fermi levels between CsPbBr3 and BiOBr promised the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction. The resultant CPB/BiOBr heterojunction delivered remarkable photocatalytic performance in CO2 reduction, with an electron consumption rate of 72.3 μmol g-1 h-1, which was 4.1 and 5.7 times that of single CsPbBr3 and BiOBr, respectively. The superior photocatalytic performance originated from the impactful spatial separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, as well as the preservation of strongly reductive electrons for CO2 reduction. This work offers a rational strategy to design S-scheme heterojunctions based on lead halide perovskites, which are expected to have potential applications in the field of photocatalysis and solar energy utilization.
Efficacy of a Quail Eggs-Based Dietary Supplement for Allergic Rhinitis: Results of a Single-Arm Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous data suggested the potential treatment effect of a proprietary quail eggs-based blend on allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms, induced by allergen challenge. We herein aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a similar dietary supplement, comprising the bioactive ingredients of quail eggs and the zinc mineral, in the setting of active AR. Adult patients (n = 77), aged 18- 60 years, with mild, intermittent AR were enrolled in this single-arm, open-label trial. Patients' responses were assessed based on peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurements at two visits (Day 1/Visit 1 and Day 7/Visit 2) and self-rating of AR-associated symptoms on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) throughout the entire 7-day study period. PNIF values at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min (Visit 1) following administration of an oral dose of the study product were the primary efficacy endpoint. PNIF values (Visit 1) gradually increased from baseline (pre-treatment), with statistical significance first reached 30 min later (p = 0.002). VAS scores (Visit 1) for all AR symptoms gradually decreased with statistical significance first reached at 15 min (rhinorrhea, p = 0.042; itchy nose, p = 0.001; sneezing p < 0.001), 30 min (nasal congestion, p < 0.001; itchy eyes, p = 0.003) or 60 min (watery eyes, p = 0.04). PNIF improvement and decline of VAS scores were significantly more apparent at Visit one vs. Visit 2. Treatment-emergent adverse events were limited to cough and muscle strain (one patient each). Our results support the efficacy, rapid mode of action and tolerability of the investigated product for symptomatic treatment of mild intermittent AR.
Genetic study of a family with two members with weber christian disease (panniculitis) and alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes and serum levels are presented for a family in which two brothers have Weber Christian disease and α1 antitrypsin (PI) Z phenotypes. Clinical histories are described for these two men. A younger brother has the PI Z phenotype but does not have the disease, indicating that additional genetic and/or environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of Weber Christian disease. However, the two cases described provide additional evidence for a relationship between α 1 antitrypsin deficiency and the development of symptoms.
A study on the chemical composition of ancient glass products based on gray correlation analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The ancient high potassium and lead-barium glass made locally at the end of the Warring States period in China not only represents the trade interactions along the Silk Road in China, but also is the crystallization of science and art of the ancient people, and has high research value. In this paper, we first adopt the systematic hierarchical clustering based on Euclidean distance, by dividing different degrees of Euclidean distance to obtain the statistical law of glass type classification. Based on this, a hierarchical clustering model based on PCA dimensionality reduction is used to classify the chemical composition into subclasses. Then, the unknown glass-types were identified according to the classification law, and a classification model based on decision tree cross-validation was established. To test the reliability of the model, we used a comparative analysis with the mean line graph of each component before and after known weathering, and the results were finally found to be reliable. Finally, we used gray correlation analysis to discuss the classification of the two types of glass artifacts, solved the correlation degree of fourteen elements in the two types of glass separately, and analyzed the differences between them.
Age-related changes in sensitivity to environmental chemicals.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The processes of aging result in many physiological changes which can lead to alterations in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Such changes can result in altered sensitivity to chemicals, whether drugs or environmental agents, in the elderly. It is extremely difficult, however, to generalize about the nature of such changes. Part of this may reflect disagreement, or at least, confusion in the literature over what the term"age"means. It is not uncommon for a study to discuss age-related changes and, in fact, be comparing neonatal to pubescent or young adult animals. Therefore, it is clear that"age"should always be clearly defined. When interest is in post-maturational changes which occur during the lifespan, age-related comparisons should be made between young adults, middle-aged organisms, and, at the very least, those at the mean life-span of the population. This requirement has been stated before, but not always adhered to. Studies comparing only very young and terminally senescent animals may not provide a fair representation of the effects occuring over the life-span of the species in question. While no broad generalization can be made about pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic changes, it is probably fair to state that such changes will often occur. The result, in terms of altered sensitivity, is unpredictable. However, it is likely that such changes will lead to a population at special risk to environmental toxicants.
Thyene coccineovittata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thyene coccineovittata (Simon, 1886) Hyllus coccineovittatus Simon, 1886: 348. Thyene crudelis Peckham & Peckham, 1903: 229, pl. 25 fig. 5. Thyene pulchra Peckham & Peckham, 1903: 226, pl. 25 fig. 3. Thyene coccineovittata – Wesołowska & Haddad 2009: 83, figs 176–181, 226–227, 250. For full reference list see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined IVORY COAST • 1 ♂; Lamto; 25 Aug. 1975; “savane, buissons”; MNHN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Dec. 1974; “buissons au soleil, bord du river Bandama ”; MNHN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Aug. 1975; “savane, branches”; MNHN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Sep. 1975; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 imm.; same collection data as for preceding, between Tournier and the Grand Nord; 2 Sep. 1975; MNHN • 1 ♀, 2 imm.; 12 km W of Ferkessédougou; 17 Oct. 1975; “savane, branches”; MNHN. Description For both sexes see Wesołowska & Haddad (2009). Distribution Recorded from Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Kenya and South Africa. Introduced to France and Brazil.
Abstract WMP79: Recapitulation on the Ground of Helicopter Flight Low Frequency Vibration Enhances Stroke Thrombolysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Understanding the potential effects on stroke outcome of the unique physical factors present in a helicopter ambulance flight is critical in the era of thrombectomy. However, this factor in patient care has not been adequately investigated. Methods: This was a prospective randomized blinded end-point animal study. A murine model of middle cerebral artery autologous thromboembolic occlusion (eMCAO) with rtPA reperfusion was exposed to three different settings: 1) a standardized actual helicopter flight, 2) a motion platform simulator that delivered the exact LFV signature of the helicopter, and 3) a ground control. Outcome measures included infarct size and BBB permeability on MRI, and neurological scores. Results: A total of 106 mice were analyzed. Within the rtPA group, LFV simulator mice displayed lower infarction volumes on MRI (31.6 vs. 54.9 mm 3 , p=0.007) and improved neurological scores (87 vs. 28%, p=0.0001) compared to ground control mice. By contrast, mice receiving saline did not show change in either infarction volume (80.9 vs. 95.3, p=0.8) or neurological scores (37 vs. 28%, p=0.7). No differences were seen in the actual helicopter flight group as compared with ground control. No treatment group showed any difference in permeability of the blood brain barrier, assessed by MRI. Conclusion: We found a synergistic beneficial effect of combining helicopter-like LFV and rtPA, which could provide a novel, safe, and potentially more efficacious intervention for patients with stroke. These results also suggest that non-LFV helicopter physical factors, such, as hypobaric environment, accelerations and noise, may have a negating effect on the otherwise positive effect of helicopter vibration on stroke outcomes. If so, strategies to minimize these negating factors might be expected to improve patient outcome.
Editorial: Travellers' diarrhoea: prospective study by physicians.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

aJTravellers' diarrhoea: prospective study by physicians Travellers' diarrhoea is no respecter of persons.It afflicts tourists, business executives, royalty, and even gastroenter- ologists-who should know better.Indeed, 4900 of physicians and their families attending a world congress of gastroenter- ology in Mexico City in 1974 were afflicted.'Their diarrhoea started on average six days after arrival and lasted five days.One-fifth of the delegates were confined to bed, and 39% had to change their activities.The gastroenterologists gallantiy conducted a prospective st-udy.Specimens of stool in Cary-Blair transport medium and blood for antibody titres were sent before, during, and after the meeting by airmail to a laboratory, and rectal swabs were obtained from those unable to submit a specimen.The attacks were unrelated to age or sex.The incidence was similaratall hotels exceptfor one, where six guests had diarrhoea associated with a particular strain of Escherichia coli, which was also linked with eating salads containing raw vegetables.Otherwise diarrhoea was not related to water or iced drinks, and those who took only bottled water did not have a significantly different attack rate from those who drank tap or other water; nor otherwise could eating commercially prepared food, salads of raw vegetables, or unpeeled fruit be blamed.Mexicans call it turista, the Aztec two-step, or Monte- zuma's revenge (Montezuma was the last ofthe Aztec emperors and succumbed to Spanish invaders, who presumably were attacked in turn by travellers' diarrhoea).Elsewhere colourful synonyms include Delhi belly, Rangoon runs, and Tokyo trots.It is worldwide.If contracted in one's own country,
Long-term outcome of patients with WHO Grade III and IV gliomas treated by fractionated intracavitary radioimmunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECT The aim in this study was to present long-term results regarding overall survival (OS), adverse effects, and toxicity following fractionated intracavitary radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with iodine-131− or yttrium-90−labeled anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody ( 131 I-mAB or 90 Y-mAB) for the treatment of patients with malignant glioma. METHODS In 55 patients (15 patients with WHO Grade III anaplastic astrocytoma [AA] and 40 patients with WHO Grade IV glioblastoma multiforme [GBM]) following tumor resection and conventional radiotherapy, radioimmunoconjugate was introduced into the postoperative resection cavity. Patients received 5 cycles of 90 Y-mAB (Group A, average dose 18 mCi/cycle), 5 cycles of 131 I-mAB (Group B, average dose 30 mCi/cycle), or 3 cycles of 131 I-mAB (Group C, 50, 40, and 30 mCi). RESULTS Median OS of patients with AA was 77.2 months (95% CI 30.8 to > 120). Five AA patients (33%) are currently alive, with a median observation time of 162.2 months. Median OS of all 40 patients with GBM was 18.9 months (95% CI 15.8–25.3), and median OS was 25.3 months (95% CI18–30) forthose patients treated with the 131 I-mAB. Three GBM patients are currently alive. One-, 2-, and 3-year survival probabilities were 100%, 93.3%, and 66.7%, respectively, for AA patients and 82.5%, 42.5%, and 15.9%, respectively, for GBM patients. Restratification of GBM patients by recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) Classes III, IV, and V produced median OSs of 31.1, 18.9, and 14.5 months, respectively (p = 0.004), which was higher than expected. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of RPA class, age, and treatment in predicting survival. No Grade 3 or 4 hematological, nephrologic, or hepatic toxic effects were observed; 4 patients developed Grade 3 neurological deficits. Radiological signs of radionecrosis were observed in 6 patients, who were all responding well to steroids. CONCLUSIONS Median OS of GBM and AA patients treated with 131 I-mABs reached 25.3 and 77.2 months, respectively, thus markedly exceeding that of historical controls. Adverse events remained well controllable with the fractionated dosage regimen.
MISCHKLONE U.V.‐INDUZIERTER MUTANTEN BEIM PHAGEN KAPPA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract— Clear‐plaque mutations of phage k of Serratia are induced by extracellular u.v.‐irradiation in a 2–hit process. The 2–hit‐nature cannot be due to induction of one hit in each of the two DNA‐strands since replating the contents of 97 wildtype plaques of u.v.‐survivors (u.v.‐dose 4.5 min) revealed only 1 case of heterozygosity; at least 20 cases would have been expected if phage with 1–hit‐mutations formed phages looking like wildtype. On the other hand, only 1 case of heterozygosity was observed among replatings of 94 c ‐mutants induced by the u.v.‐dose 4.5 min (survival 10 ‐3 ); most of the plaques contained pure c ‐type. The pure c ‐mutant clones are very probably due to ‘recessive’ lethal lesions in the nonpremutated DNA‐strand. This is indicated by the dose dependence of the frequency of heterozygotes; at a dose of 3 min u.v. (survival 1.2 × 10 ‐ ‐ 2 ) 9 heterozygotes were observed among 95 mutants tested. From these numbers the rate of induction by u.v. of the recessive lesions's can be calculated. The data at the higher dose are in satisfactory agreement with the calculated rate. Also other types of plaque mutations (e, t, b ) showed heterozygosity. Two cases of abnormal heterozygosity were observed; one contained 2 stable mutant types ( c and b ), another one wildtype, c ‐tm and l ‐type.
Character Education Values in Animation Movie of Nussa and Rarra

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Character education value is needed in the education world. This study discussed a study of character education values through animation movie object of nussa and rarra, i.e. (1) religious character education value, (2) curiosity character education value, (3) friendly/communicative character education value, (4) social care character education value, (5) responsibility character education value. The researcher only limited five values of character education and used an animation movie object of nussa and rarra because the movie was trending in Indonesia. This study used survey methods and content analysis with qualitative research type because the data generated in the form of descriptions of speech fragments in the animation movie of nussa and rarra, then it divided into five types of utterances that contained the character education values and last, it analyzed. The result revealed that speech in an animation movie of nussa and rara, only five types of character education were found
The Language of Ceramics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This exhibition showed the progression of Wen Hsi's work on Taiwanese cultural identity through traditional Chinese calligraphy and also responded to the Museum’s glass exhibition space. The glass space, containing pieces of floating ceramic calligraphy, was symbolic and inspired by ideas of an aquarium containing endangered species but also of the Crystal Palace exhibition of colonial products. \n \nWen Hsi created the pieces using porcelain slip fired to 1280°C, to create the traditional Chinese characters meaning ‘clay’, ‘Yingge’ and ‘ceramics’, to symbolise the important vocabulary of the ceramic world.
The Effectiveness of an Online Sexual Assault Prevention Program on College Campuses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policies have been implemented to require sexual assault prevention programs on college campuses, but there is no existing system to determine whether or not specific programs are effective. Data were collected from college students from four universities in the state of Mississippi prior to and after the students completed an online sexual assault prevention program. Notable differences in sexual attitudes and legal knowledge of sexual policies were not found after the students took the course.