jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of somatostatin on plasma renin activity and blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of somatostatin on plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure were evaluated in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in normotensive subjects. All subjects examined were hospitalized and placed on a diet containing 7-8 g/day sodium chloride and received an intravenous infusion of somatostatin (500 microgram/20 ml of saline, for 60 min) in the basal condition. During somatostatin infusion, the mean blood pressure (MBP) remained unaffected in all patients with EH and the normotensive subjects, while the PRA decreased slightly in the EH group. When the patients with EH were classified according to their renin levels (low, normal and high), parallel significant decreases in MBP and PRA were found only in the high renin group during the somatostatin infusion. No significant change in MBP and PRA was observed in the other groups including the normotensive subjects. To assess the activity of synthetic somatostatin, the plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and cyclic AMP were measured. These levels were lowered significantly during the infusion and the GH levels showed a rebound 15 min after cessation of the infusion. The cyclic AMP returned to the basal levels, but no rebound was observed. The above data indicate that the fall in blood pressure in the high renin group in the basal condition was probably due in part to reduced renin release by somatostatin, and the maintenance of high blood pressure especially in high renin EH.
Design of a Program Identification System for Preventing Malicious Codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper gives the concept of a program identity, proposes a program identification system which can actively and efficiently prevent malicious codes such as network worms and computer viruses from starting and running, and analyzes the advantage of the program identification system. The system consists of four modules which are respectively designed, and intended for key management, identity confection, dynamic monitoring, and identity verification. A program identity is an asymmetric identity which is involved with the private key of a software producer and the basic characteristic of a program, confected by a lightweight digital signing scheme, and stored at the main filename of the program itself. When a program such as an executable file, a page script file, or a dynamic link library file is started, its identity is first intercepted by the monitoring module, and then sent to the united identity verification platform which runs the identity verification module, and reserves the public key of every software producer. If the result returned indicates that the identity is illegal, the monitoring module will terminate the launch process of the program, and moreover report the file name of the program to the user for deletion; otherwise allows the program launch to go on.
Tourism Suitability Analysis of Wediombo Beach, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Wediombo Beach, which is located in Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, has the potential for beautiful and exotic coastal natural resources on the south coast. The potential for coastal tourism in Gunungkidul Regency still has the opportunity to be developed into mainstay tourism. This study aims to analyze the suitability of Wediombo beach tourism, Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The research was conducted at Wediombo Beach. The research was conducted descriptively, using survey methods and direct measurements in the field. The study was conducted from March – to October 2021. The results showed that the value of the Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) for Wediombo Beach was 84.52% and was included in the very suitable category (S1).
Circulation and Upwelling Induced by Coastal Trapped Waves Over a Submarine Canyon in an Idealized Eastern Boundary Margin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Wind‐driven upwelling promotes the onshore transport of dense slope waters onto the continental shelf. New observational evidence suggests that the propagation of coastal trapped waves (CTWs) over a submarine canyon can also cause upwelling within the canyon, independent of the wind forcing. Here, we use idealized numerical experiments to assess the role of CTWs in promoting the onshore transport of deeper waters onto the continental shelf. The experiments are forced with a 7‐days period CTW. Overall, there is accumulated upwelled water in time with increased onshore transport during the low sea level phase of the CTWs. Most of the onshore flow is spread over the upwave side of the canyon during the low sea level phase, but it is advected further downwave during the subsequent high sea level phase. As a result, a dense pool of upwelled water is spread over the shelf extending primarily in the downwave direction.
Usage of recycled plastic bottles in roadside safety devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The main objective of this study was to explore the potential of the recycled plastic bottles for the use in a roadside barrier. An analytical method was developed to assess the effectiveness of various bottle energy-absorbing materials as energy-absorbing components of a roadside crash barrier. Based upon results of a literature survey, an analytical model was developed and coded into a computer program. The model was used to perform statistically design material experiments to assess the potential of a crash barrier design and determine the optimal configuration. The main conclusion is that the analytical barrier model provides a simple and direct means to assess the non-linear crush behaviour of a series of impacting bodies. Also, recycled plastic bottles appear to offer a roadside crash barrier whose impact severity index is on the road order of 10 percent of the severe-injury threshold. Further refinement of the car-barrier model would be required to permit a more through investigation of crash barrier design analysis.
Implicit Analogies in Learning: Supporting Transfer by Warming Up

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Analogies between old and new concepts are common during classroom instruction. Previous transfer studies focused on how features of initial learning guide later, spontaneous transfer to new problem solving. We argue for a shift in the focus of analogical-transfer research toward understanding how to best support analogical transfer from previous learning when children are engaged in new learning episodes. Such research may have important implications for teaching and learning in mathematics, which relies heavily on analogies between old and new information. Some existing research promotes supporting explicit connections across old and new information within an analogy. Alternatively, we argue that teachers can invite implicit analogical reasoning through warm-up activities designed to activate relevant prior knowledge. Warm-up activities close the transfer space between old and new learning without additional direct instruction.
A Shortage of Neurologists – We Must Act Now

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In nearly every US state, a large mismatch exists between the need for neurologists and neurologic services and the availability of neurologists to provide these services. Patients with neurologic disorders are rising in prevalence and require access to high-level care to reduce disability. The current neurology mismatch reduces access to care, worsens patient outcomes, and erodes career satisfaction and quality of life for neurologists as they face increasingly insurmountable demands. As a community, we must address this mismatch in the demand and supply of neurologic care in an aggressive and sustained manner to ensure the future health of our patients and our specialty. The American Academy of Neurology has multiple ongoing initiatives to help reduce and resolve the existing mismatch. With the intent of raising awareness and widening the debate nationally, we present a strategic plan that the Academy could implement to coordinate and expand existing efforts. We characterize the suggested strategies as shaping the demand, enhancing the workforce, and advocating for neurologist value. The proposed framework is based on available data and expert opinion when data were lacking. Prioritization of strategies will vary by geography, practice setting, and local resources. The time to act is now to allow concerted effort and targeted interventions to avert this looming public health crisis.
Navier-Stokes calculations for the unsteady flowfield of turbomachinery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Multistage Unsteady Turbomachinery Code is presently used to numerically simulate the flowfield generated by rotating machinery. The code, which simplifies the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations via the thin-layer approximation, is an implicit finite-volume scheme with flux Jacobians that are evaluated by flux-vector splitting, while residual fluxes are evaluated by flux-difference splitting. Attention is given to the computational results this obtained for three engineering problems, involving propfan, rotating blade, and both rotating and static blade flows.
Confucianism Before Confucius: The Yijing and the Rectification of Names

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A substantial reason behind the Confucian canonization of the Yijing can be located in some underlying patterns of thinking common to both the Yijing and The Analects; especially relevant here is the doctrine of rectification of names ( zhengming 正名). In particular, I analyze the fundamental structure of the Yijing by means of the names and symbols standing in unique semantic/semiotic relations to the world, and I go on to suggest that this is what is importantly entailed by the doctrine of the rectification of names when the latter is understood by means of the perlocutionary function of the prescriptive language.
Deadly discrimination: Implications of "missing girls" for workplace safety

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine an indirect but potentially deadly consequence of the "missing girls" phenomenon. A shortage of brides causes many parents with sons of marriageable age to work harder and seek higher-paying but dangerous jobs. In response, employers invest less in workplace safety, which in turn increases work-related mortality. Drawing from a broad range of data sets and taking advantage of large regional and temporal variations in sex ratios in China, we demonstrate that in areas with more severe shortages of young women, the cohort of parents with sons of marriageable age suffers a higher incidence of accidental injuries and workplace deaths. • A shortage of brides causes parents with sons of marriageable age to work harder and seek higher-paying but riskier jobs. • Employers invest less in workplace safety, which in turn increases work-related mortality. • Missing women is associated with a higher incidence of accidental injuries and workplace deaths.
EXAMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF MARKEDNESS TO THE L2 PROCESSING OF SPANISH PERSON AGREEMENT

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We used event‑related potentials to investigate how markedness impacts person agreement in English‑speaking learners of L2‑Spanish. Markedness was examined by probing agreement with both first‑person (marked) and third‑person (unmarked) subjects. Agreement was manipulated by crossing first‑person subjects with third‑person verbs and vice versa. Native speakers showed a P600 for both errors, larger for “first‑person subject + third‑person verb” violations. This aligns with claims that, when the first element in the dependency is marked (first person), the parser generates stronger predictions regarding upcoming agreeing elements using feature activation. Twenty‑two upper‑intermediate/advanced learners elicited a P600 across both errors. Learners were equally accurate detecting both errors, but the P600 was marginally reduced for “first‑person subject + third‑person verb” violations, suggesting that learners overused unmarked forms (third person) online. However, this asymmetry mainly characterized lower‑proficiency learners. Results suggest that markedness impacts L2 agreement without constraining it, although learners are less likely to use marked features top‑down.
The Formation of Symmetrical Gestalts Is Task-Independent, but Can Be Enhanced by Active Regularity Discrimination

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The brain can organize elements into perceptually meaningful gestalts. Visual symmetry is a useful tool to study gestalt formation, and we know that there are symmetry-sensitive regions in the extrastriate cortex. However, it is unclear whether symmetrical gestalt formation happens automatically, whatever the participant's current task is. Does the visual brain always organize and interpret the retinal image when possible, or only when necessary? To test this, we recorded an ERP called the sustained posterior negativity (SPN). SPN amplitude increases with the proportion of symmetry in symmetry + noise displays. We compared the SPN across five tasks with different cognitive and perceptual demands. Contrary to our predictions, the SPN was the same across four of the five tasks but selectively enhanced during active regularity discrimination. Furthermore, during regularity discrimination, the SPN was present on hit trials and false alarm trials but absent on miss and correct rejection trials. We conclude that gestalt formation is automatic and task-independent, although it occasionally fails on miss trials. However, it can be enhanced by attention to visual regularity.
The Ripple Effect: Guantánamo Bay in the United Kingdom's Courts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The human rights abuses suffered by detainees held at Guantánamo Bay have dominated many of the cases before the United Kingdom’s courts. The Human Rights Act of 1998, still relatively new to the statute book, played a central role in the detainees’ arguments. The ultimate court decisions, however, often relegate such factors to the background of the case. This article examines why the deciding courts declined to develop the law of diplomatic protection on the basis of human rights concerns, and why such arguments continue to be employed by detainees. Furthermore, the article assesses why the English courts have shown greater receptiveness to arguments similarly grounded in accusations of inhuman and degrading treatment in relation to later cases involving former detainees challenging the role of the British Government in their detention.
Severe head injury: prehospital and emergency department management.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Head trauma causes approximately 75,000 deaths each year in the United States. Both hypoxia and hypovolemia are individual predictors of poor outcome in the patient with severe head trauma. Management begins in the field and is focused on ensuring oxygenation and maintaining a blood pressure that supports cerebral perfusion. In the trauma center, intracranial pressure monitoring may be helpful in guiding the management of increased intracranial pressure. Mannitol, given in intermittent bolus infusions, is the therapy of choice for increased intracranial pressure. Hyperventilation has been shown to decrease cerebral perfusion and should be avoided; it is a temporizing procedure that is reserved for those cases that demonstrate signs of increased intracranial pressure pending initiation of other therapies.
Microbiological properties and chemical composition of macedonian traditional white brined cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to asses the chemical and microbial characteristics of 10 artisanal cheeses made from raw ewe’s milk without addition of starters, during maturation. Microbial populations were numerous and diverse with Lactic acid bacteria and Enterobaceriaceae as a predominant groups of microorganisms. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected. The pH of the cheeses was within the range of 4.04 – 5.05, the moisture content within 46.97 – 51.58%, total protein from 18 – 21.37%, fat content from 26 - 30% and NaCl from 4.38 – 5.43%.
Liability Rules for the Digital Age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract With legislative proposals for two directives published in September 2022, the European Commission aims to adapt the existing liability system to the challenges posed by digitalisation. One of the proposals is related and limited to liability for artificial intelligent (AI) systems, but the other contains nothing less than a full revision of the 1985 Product Liability Directive, which lies at the heart of European tort law. Whereas the current Product Liability Directive largely followed the model of US law, the revised version breaks new ground. It does not limit itself to the expansion of the concept of product to include intangible digital goods, such as software and data as well as related services, important enough in itself, but also targets the new intermediaries of e-commerce as liable parties. As such, the proposal for a new product liability directive is a great leap forward and has the potential to grow into a worldwide benchmark in the field. In comparison, the proposal of a directive on AI liability is much harder to assess. It remains questionable whether a second directive is actually needed at this stage of the technological development.
Analysis of the structures and characteristics for an InP-based micromechanical tunable filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this letter,a InP-based micromechanical tuneable filter by electrostatic actuation is introduced. Through simulation of the DBR reflectance spectra and the F-P cavity transimission spectra,the filter performance is studied. By means of finite element method,the tunning characteristics of the filters based on several typical micromechanical structures are presented. The dynamical behavior of the top mirror is investigated.In addition,the flatness of the top mirror are compared among these structures. It would be valuable reference for InP-based micromechanical F-P cavity device design and optimization.
Near Sound Field of Turbulence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The general expressions for the velocity potential, particle velocity, sound pressure, mean-square sound pressure, intensity, and sound power describing the sound field of a turbulent region are derived starting from Lighthill's fundamental relation for the density fluctuations in the medium outside the turbulent region. The mean-square sound pressure and intensity of the lateral and longitudinal quadrupole components of the near- and far-sound field are discussed in detail and for shear flows a correction to the sound pressure measured in the near field is given. These expressions should be useful in the interpretation of noise data taken close to jets and turbulent boundary layers.
Regional Training Manual

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This publication was funded by the U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of cooperative Agreement Number HRN-A-00-98-00012-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program (FRONTIERS) seeks to improve people&apos;s lives by enhancing services in family planning, safe motherhood, and other reproductive health areas. The Program conducts Operations Research in collaboration with developing-country organizations to design innovative interventions for improving services. One of the main goals is to communicate these research results so they can be utilized for program and policy development. FRONTIERS Program also works to build the capacity of local organizations to conduct operations research and utilize best practices that emerge from the studies.
The role of “Bank of Kimchi Resources and Information”, biological resources integrated Information platform of kimchi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Modern society is in the era of the bio economy, and it is predicted that the value of bio materials will become more prominent in the future. In particular, the necessity and importance of national sovereignty over biological resources is emphasized with the adoption of the Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing of Biological Resources for the purpose of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010). The importance of securing differentiated biological resources and information as source materials for the bio industry is increasing. As a research institute leading kimchi R&D, the World Institute of Kimchi strives to scientifically prove the excellence of kimchi, and the results of its efforts are systematically compiled in the "Bank of Kimchi Resources and Information (BKRI)." In this article, an efficient information system is introduced, from the acquisition, storage, and distribution system of physical resources integrated and managed by BKRI to the disclosure of information resources.
Effect of dietary advice on the components of metabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDs patients with metabolic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metabolic syndrome is a complication found in HIV/AIDs patients. The patients with metabolic syndrome had increased risk of cardiovascular disease. An appropriate dietary advice may help ameliorate this problem. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary advice on components of metabolic syndrome including anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar, and blood pressure in the HIV/AIDs with metabolic syndrome who were on highly active antiretroviral therapy. This study was a randomized controlled trial. Sixty participants were randomly assigned into an intervention group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). All patients received the advice with the booklet about healthy diet for Thai people according to Thai nutrition flag, and only the intervention group additionally received the advice with the booklet providing the information about modified NEM diet which was derived from the dietary recommendations of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, European Aids Clinical Society Guidelines and Mediterranean diet and was appropriately modified for Thai HIV/AIDs patients. The participants were followed for 24 weeks. The results showed that the participants in the intervention group had significantly decreased weight at week 12 and week 24 when compared with baseline while BMI and WC were significantly decreased at week 24 when compared with baseline. They had significantly lower TG and FBS levels when compared with baseline (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively) and had significantly lower TG level than those in the control group at week 24 (p = 0.014). In addition, blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, of the participants in the intervention group was significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively). There were no changes in any parameters in the control group throughout the study. At the end of the study, the participants in the intervention group had decreased consumption of total calories, carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, and sugar but had increased protein and dietary fiber intakes. Moreover, the number of participants with metabolic syndrome decreased after receiving dietary advice. This study indicated that such dietary advice could improve metabolic components in HIV/AIDs patients with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it can be included in guidelines for management of metabolic syndrome in these patients.