jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antibody Binding Modulates Conformational Exchange in Domain III of Dengue Virus E Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Domain III of dengue virus E protein (DIII) participates in the recognition of cell receptors and in structural rearrangements required for membrane fusion and ultimately viral infection; furthermore, it contains epitopes for neutralizing antibodies and has been considered a potential vaccination agent. In this work, we addressed various structural aspects of DIII and their relevance for both the dengue virus infection mechanism and antibody recognition. We provided a dynamic description of DIII at physiological and endosomal pHs and in complex with the neutralizing human antibody DV32.6. We observed conformational exchange in the isolated DIII, in regions important for the packing of E protein dimers on the virus surface. This conformational diversity is likely to facilitate the partial detachment of DIII from the other E protein domains, which is required to achieve fusion to the host cellular membranes and to expose the epitopes of many anti-DIII antibodies. A comparison of DIII of two dengue virus serotypes revealed many common features but also some possibly unexpected differences. Antibody binding to DIII of dengue virus serotype 4 attenuated the conformational exchange in the epitope region but, surprisingly, generated exchange in other parts of DIII through allosteric effects. IMPORTANCE Many studies have provided extensive structural information on the E protein and particularly on DIII, also in complex with antibodies. However, there is very scarce information regarding the molecular dynamics of DIII, and almost nothing is available on the dynamic effect of antibody binding, especially at the quantitative level. This work provides one of the very rare descriptions of the effect of antibody binding on antigen dynamics.
Where leading questions can lead: The power of conjecture in social interaction.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A theoretical analysis of the structure of social interaction led us to postulate two distinct processes through which leading questions may mislead people. When a questioner asks a leading question of a respondent, observers may use their knowledge of conversational rules to infer that the questioner had an evidentiary basis for the question. Hence, observers will treat the question as conjectural evidence for the view of the respondent implied by the question. In addition, observers who listen to respondents answer leading questions may be misled by the answers because, in an effort to cooperate with the questioner, respondents may supply behavioral evidence that misrepresents their actual personalities. To test these hypotheses, we conducted two experiments in which observers listened to tape-recorded interviews. Questioners in these interviews asked respondents a series of leading questions that probed for evidence of either introversion or extroversion. The first experiment snowed that it did not matter whether observers had access to the conjectural evidence in the interviewer's questions, the behavioral evidence in respondent's answers, or both. In each case observers inferred that the respondent possessed the characteristics for which the questioner had probed. The second experiment showed that when the evidentiary basis of the conjectures was undermined by informing observers that the leading questions had been drawn from a fishbowl, observers ignored conjectural evidence but still used behavioral evidence. The discussion considered the processes through which conjectures may create their own cognitive and behavioral reality.
The Healthcare Reform Agenda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite successive 'top down' reform initiatives, healthcare in Australia continues to be conducted as a series of silos with separate control and regulatory processes, and funding streams, which reflects that isolated high level change is ineffective in addressing current and future challenges in healthcare delivery. Questions are raised about which approaches might help deliver reform imperatives. As the first point of contact general practitioners are healthcare 'gatekeepers', and how they perceive change is fundamental to delivering comprehensive, coordinated and continuing healthcare strategy.
INDICATORS OF AXIAL SECTION AREA AND SPLEEN VOLUME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ACCORDING TO INTRAVITAL IMAGING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to establish age and gender patterns of axial section areas and spleen volume in children and adolescents according to intravital imaging data. The computed tomograms of the abdominal cavity of 75 children and adolescents without visible pathology of the abdominal organs were analyzed. The subjects were divided into 4 age groups: early childhood, first childhood, second childhood, and adolescence. The areas at the level of the middle of the vertebral bodies from Thxi to Liii, the vertical dimensions and volumes (the product of the vertical size and the mean sectional area) of the spleen were calculated. The obtained data were subjected to variational statistical processing with the determination of the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the significance of differences according to the Student's t-test. A significant increase in the areas of axial sections was established among children of the period of the first childhood - (18,4 ± 1,7) cm2, compared with children of early childhood - (11,5 ± 1,2) cm2, and adolescents - (35,1 ± 2,7) cm2, in comparison with children of the second childhood - (23,1 ± 1,7) cm2. This trend is mainly due to differences in indicators among boys. Gender differences in the areas of axial sections were noted only between the indicators of boys and girls in early childhood at the ThXii level. Significant differences in the indicator of the volume of the spleen were established in the surveyed first childhood compared with children of early childhood and adolescents compared with children of the second childhood. Among girls, the volume of the spleen was significantly higher among those surveyed in the second childhood compared to those surveyed in the first childhood and among adolescents compared to those surveyed in the second childhood. Among boys, the studied indicator was significantly higher among children of the period of the first childhood compared with children of the period of early childhood and in the adolescent group compared with the group of the period of the second childhood. The spleen volume indicator was significantly higher among boys, in comparison with girls only among children of the first childhood.
A DECADE OF SCM LITERATURE: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study covers a decade of academic research in the Supply Chain Management (SCM) field, offering an in‐depth analytical review focused on the existing trends and gaps in the supply chain literature. Nine academic journals were investigated and a subject categorization is developed for SCM research. A content analysis was then conducted on 405 articles, focusing on the categories covered within the SCM literature, various levels of the chain examined and sample populations and industries studied, as well as the research methods employed. Finally, a conceptual framework of the most highly researched categories in SCM indicates that there is a need for more research that seeks to understand the nature of multiple links in SCM chains and networks, as opposed to focusing on dyadic and inter‐firm relationships.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract Alleviates NASH in Mice: Exploration of Inflammation and Gut Microbiota

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) is a severe liver disease characterized by hepatic chronic inflammation that can be associated with the gut microbiota. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (GPE), a Chinese herbal extract, on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mice. Based on the peak area, the top ten compounds in GPE were hydroxylinolenic acid, rutin, hydroxylinoleic acid, vanillic acid, methyl vanillate, quercetin, pheophorbide A, protocatechuic acid, aurantiamide acetate, and iso-rhamnetin. We found that four weeks of GPE treatment alleviated hepatic confluent zone inflammation, hepatocyte lipid accumulation, and lipid peroxidation in the mouse model. According to the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing of the colonic contents, the gut microbiota structure of the mice was significantly changed after GPE supplementation. Especially, GPE enriched the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria such as Akkerrmansia and decreased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Klebsiella. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed that the GPE group showed an anti-inflammatory liver characterized by the repression of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway compared with the MCD group. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) also showed that GPE downregulated the pathogen-induced cytokine storm pathway, which was associated with inflammation. A high dose of GPE (HGPE) significantly downregulated the expression levels of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes, as verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our results suggested that the therapeutic potential of GPE for NASH mice may be related to improvements in the intestinal microenvironment and a reduction in liver inflammation.
Alcohol and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background The frequent co-abuse of alcohol and tobacco may suggest that they share some common neurological mechanisms. For example, nicotine acts on Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain to release dopamine to sustain addiction. Might nAChRs be entwined with alcohol? Objectives This review summarizes recent studies on the relationship between alcohol and nAChRs, including the role of nAChRs in molecular biological studies, genetic studies and pharmacological studies on alcohol, which indicate that nAChRs have been potently modulated by alcohol. Methods We performed a cross-referenced literature search on biological, genetic and pharmacological studies of alcohol and nAChRs. Results Molecular biological and genetic studies indicated that nAChR (genes) may be important in mediating alcohol intake, but we still lack substantial evidence about how it works. Pharmacological studies proved the correlation between nAChRs and alcohol intake, and the association between nicotine and alcohol at the nAChRs. The positive findings of varenicline (a partial agonist at the _4_2 nAChR, smoking-cessation pharmaceutical) treatment for alcoholism, provides a new insight for treating co-abuse of these two substances. >Conclusions Molecular biological, genetic and pharmacological studies of alcohol at the nAChR level, provide a new sight for preventing and treating the co-abuse of alcohol and nicotine. Given the important role of nAChRs in nicotine dependence, the interaction between alcohol and nAChRs would provide a new insight in finding effective pharmacological treatments, in decreasing or stopping alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking concurrently.
Undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and chronic coronary syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Matrix Gla proteins (MGPs) are usually considered as natural inhibitors of soft tissue calcification in chronic inflammatory disorders. However, MGP levels in acute inflammation related to myocardial ischemia have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to compare the serum concentrations of uncarboxylated MGPs (ucMGPs) between patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) vs. with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and to investigate the association between ucMGP concentration and an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in STEMI patients. Material and methods. 155 consecutive patients were enrolled (mean ± standard deviation age, 64 ± 13 years), including 80 patients with a first STEMI and 75 ones with CCS as controls. Blood samples were obtained within the first 24 h from hospital admission to evaluate ucMGP levels. Combination of MACE [all-cause mortality, heart failure (HF) within the first 30 days after myocardial infarction] was evaluated. Results. ucMGP levels were higher in patients with STEMI than in controls (2929 ± 96.5 ng/mL vs. 67.3 + 32.3 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation between ucMGP and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, troponin levels was found. Multivariate analysis showed that ucMGP was an independent associate of STEMI [odds ratio (OR) 1.39; confidence interval (CI): 0.78–2.14, p = 0.01]. Although ucMGP did not predict the combined MACE, however it was an independent associate of HF occurrence 30 days after STEMI (OR, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07–1.30, p = 0.04). Conclusion. Elevated ucMGP levels in patients with STEMI indicate that some MGPs may be involved in disorders related not only to chronic but also acute inflammatory states.
Antimicrobial Potential of Botanicals and Disease Control

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Since most of the pathogenic microbes have developed resistance against chemical drug derivatives therefore need of the hour is to formulate plant based natural medicines. These formulations with no or least toxicity can prove better alternative of synthetic drugs. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the earth for phytochemicals and “leads” which could be developed for the treatment of infectious diseases. While, 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. The present review mainly discusses exploitation of plant secondary compounds as antimicrobial agents. Mode of action of some agents was also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations. Keywords: Natural Drugs, Secondary metabolites, Antimicrobial agents, Botanical preparations, Pharmaceuticals, Plant, Natural product, Phytochemicals, Microbiologists, Synthetic drugs
SUBCORNEAL PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS OF THE SOLES.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article SUBCORNEAL PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS OF THE SOLES. Get access H. HABER, H. HABER St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. C. WELLS G. C. WELLS St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 7, 1 July 1959, Pages 253–255, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13420.x Published: 01 July 1959
Attention to Oneself in an Apologetic Perspective: The Reception of Ancient Philosophical Practices in St. Basil the Great

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to present Saint Basil’s utilization of the philosophical heritage along with the ancient Greek literature for the benefit of Christianity. Saint Basil’s approach was influenced by a lineage of Christian philosophers, including the St. Justin the Philosopher, Origen, St. Gregory Thaumaturgus and his grandmother St. Macrina the Elder. Initially, early Christians like St. Justin the Philosopher and Clement of Alexandria portrayed Christianity as the true philosophy and the culmination of knowledge in antiquity. Then Origen employed more philosophical methods and practices in his Christian educational program. St. Basil followed this tradition, but infused his teaching with a holistic Christian interpretation. For instance, he emphasized attention to oneself in a Christian perspective. Additionally, his Address to the Young: On how they might derive benefit from Greek literature demonstrates Christianity’s capacity to assimilate and embrace other traditions while interpreting them in a manner that promotes virtue, the moral development of human being and devotion to Christ.
Turning Placement into Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of writing assessment begins with composition: the first exams to weed out the rabble were oral; then came quizzes with questions like this one from an 1870 entrance exam: “He said that that that that that pupil parsed was not that that he should have parsed. Parse the that’s in this sentence” (qtd. in Crowley 65).1 Our professional predecessors seem first to have moved from indirect to direct assessment of writing in the academic year 1872-187 with writing tasks such as “Write a short composition on. [. . .] The Style of ‘Henry Esmond’” (qtd. in Crowley 67–68). Although replacing with short essays the early equivalent of bubbled-in test answers, the examiners’ responses (see Crowley 68) make clear they were looking for evidence of literary knowledge and mastery of spelling, punctuation, and grammar—and that the vast majority of high school graduates were sadly lacking in both. We have come a way since then but hardly by leaps and bounds. I was teaching high school in California in 197 when the minimum competency movement swept through the nation’s high schools. In Santa Clara County, the early response to demands for testing sixth-, eighth-, and twelfth-grade mastery of writing was to adopt one of several versions of an objective assessment of editing skills—not far from the clever parsing question in 1870. I was a member of the Santa Clara County Committee on Writing that eventually persuaded most school districts in our county to recommend versions of the holistic model for assessing writing in place of the objective exams. The effort sparked acrimonious arguments about our translating a formative assessment model, popularized by the Bay Area Writing Project, into an exit exam.
Learning Holistic Interactions in LBSNs with High-order, Dynamic, and Multi-role Contexts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Location-based social networks (LBSNs) have emerged over the past few years. Their exponential network effects depend on the fact that each user can share her daily digital footprints with different communities, in different places, and at different times (for example in the form of check-in activities). Unlike other types of social networks, activities in an LBSN can potentially be performed by several users in a collaborative way. Existing studies of representation learning for LBSNs often consider them as regular graphs and ignore these high-order, dynamic, and multi-role contexts, since their holistic interactions are quite difficult to capture. In this paper, we propose a model in which these holistic interactions can be learned and transferred into node embeddings derived from a hypergraph representation and a persona decomposition process. More specifically, the model learns from friendship edges, check-in hyperedges, and node personas at the same time, and devises multiple presentations for each user that reflects their multiple roles in a social context. The embedding learning process also exploits useful patterns such as user co-location and sequential effects through a carefully designed point-of-interest splitting step. Extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets show that our model outperforms alternative state-of-the-art embedding methods on friendship and location prediction tasks.
Simulation of distant tsunami propagation with a radial loading deformation effect

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A simple parameterization of the loading deformation of the seafloor is incorporated into a tsunami simulation model in order to realistically calculate tsunami travel time, especially at regions far from the source. The parameterization uses one scalar parameter that is optimized effectively by far-field, deep-sea records of recent giant tsunamis: the 2011 Tohoku and the 2010 Chilean tsunamis. Using this parameterization with the optimal values, the observed tsunamis are realistically simulated in both near and far fields. The optimal values seem equivalent for both giant tsunamis, and are relatively smaller than those previously verified for ocean tide modeling, which is reasonable because of the shorter wavelengths of tsunamis.
#3101 LOW CIRCULATING LEVELS OF CARDIO-REGULATORY MIRNAS PREDICT WORSE OUTCOMES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with end stage renal disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) have a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, this being mostly related to the presence of uraemic cardiomyopathy. A deregulation in the expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs: non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression) has previously been implied in pathological cardiac remodelling. Nevertheless, scarce evidence has accrued so far on a possible significance in CV morbidity and mortality in HD patients, in relationship with the presence of uremic cardiomyopathy. Method We run a pilot, prospective, multicentre cohort study involving 74 ESKD patients undergoing chronic HD from 3 different hospitals in Italy and Greece. HD patients underwent a thorough clinical, laboratory and echocardiography assessment and were then prospectively followed for 24 months or until the occurrence of a composite endpoint of (CV and all-cause) mortality or non-fatal CV events. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified a small panel of miRNAs (30a-5p, 23a-3p,451a and let7d-5p), which levels are known to be altered in either major CV disorders and kidney failure. miRNAs were then measured in the blood of HD patients and in a small group of matched healthy controls. Results miRNAs 23a-3p (p&lt;0.0001), 451a (p = 0.001), 30a-5p (p = 0.003) and let7d-5p (p &lt;0.0001) were all reduced in HD patients as compared with controls. Significant correlations were found between miRNAs and indexes of cardiac dysfunction such as Vmax, TAPSE and E/E’, as well as with some other laboratory parameters such as uric acid, sodium, potassium, HDL and CRP. During follow-up, 30/74 patients (40.5%) reached the composite endpoint. In these individuals, all miRNAs but let7d-5p were significantly reduced at baseline (p&lt;0.0001). As showed by multivariate Cox-regression analyses, miRNAs 23a-3p, 451a, 30a-5p were all predictors of the composite endpoint (HR ranging from 0.943 to 0.995; p = 0.05 to 0.02) and Kaplan-Meier analyses confirmed a faster progression to the endpoint in subjects with miRNAs levels below an optimal ROC-derived cut-off value (p ranging from 0.001 to &lt;0.0001; crude HRs 7.95 to 8.61; Figure 1). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the evaluation of a very small panel of circulating miRNAs (30-5p, 23a–3p and 451a) may impart important prognostic information in chronic HD patients with respect to mortality and CV risk. Although the biological meaning of their deregulation remains unanswered, these preliminary findings may set the stage for larger investigation to generalize their usefulness as biomarkers, as well as possible therapeutic targets.