jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acridone studies. III. The formation of aromatic hypobromites from the reaction of melicopine with bromine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Evidence is presented that melicopine (1,2-dimethoxy-10-methyl-3,4-methyl-enedioxyacridone) reacts with bromine in methanol to yield a compound which is formulated as an aryl dihypobromite. Demethylation of the 1-methoxyl group occurs, followed by addition of bromine and methanol to the oxygenated ring. The reactions of this hypobromite are discussed, and several degradation products synthesized.
Comparative Studies on Scale-Up Methods of Single-Use Bioreactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study was performed to increase knowledge of oxygen mass transfer (kLa) and mixing times in the scale-up of disposable bioreactors.Results of oxygen mass transfer studies showed kLa to increase with increasing agitation and aeration rates. By maintaining a scale-up constant such as gassed power to volume or shear, an almost constant kLa was achieved during scale-up from 50 to 2000 L. Using the scale-up constant Pg/V resulted in statistically higher kLa values at greater reactor volumes. Mixing times were revealed to be significantly affected by agitation, but not by the aeration rates tested. No pattern was recognized in the mixing time data over an increase in volume. Commonly used methods for predicting kLa upon scale-up were compared to experimental data. New coefficients were determined to fit the historic models to the parameters of this study, namely the unique geometry and low agitation and aeration rates used in the single-use systems. Each of the resulting four models was found to have average error rates from 16-23%. Although the error rates are not statistically different, the Moresi and Patete model was determined to be most conceptually accurate. The Moresi and Patete model found kLa to be more dependent on aeration than on the power input. This finding was consistent with the results of the experimental studies. The results of this study were for aeration rates (0.02-0.04 vvm) and agitation rates (Pg/V range of 2-20 W/m3) that are commonly used in single-use bioreactor systems.
A 3D individual‐based model to investigate the spatially heterogeneous response of bacterial biofilms to antimicrobial agents

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The response of bacterial biofilms to treatment with antimicrobial agents is often characterized by the emergence of recalcitrant cellular microcolonies. We present an individual‐based model to investigate the biophysical mechanisms of the selective resistance that arises within the biofilm and leads to a spatially heterogeneous response upon treatment with antibiotics. The response occurs in 3 distinct phases. In the first phase, the subpopulation of metabolically active cells diminishes due to antibiotic‐induced cell death. Subsequently, in the second phase, increased nutrient availability allows dormant cells in the lower layers of the biofilm to transform into metabolically active cells. In the third phase, survival of the biofilm is governed by the interplay between 2 contrasting factors: (1) rate of antibiotic‐induced cell death and (2) rate of transformation of dormant cells into active ones. Metabolically active cells at the distal edge of the biofilm sacrifice themselves to protect the dormant cells in the interior by (1) reducing local antibiotic concentrations and (2) increasing nutrient availability. In the presence of quorum sensing, biofilms exhibit increased tolerance compared with the quorum sensing–negative strains. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) forms a protective layer at the top of the biofilm, thereby limiting antibiotic penetration. The surviving cells, in turn, produce EPS resulting in a feedback‐like mechanism of resistance. Whereas resistance in QS − biofilms occurs because of transformation of dormant cells into metabolically active cells, this transformation is less pronounced in QS + biofilms, and resistance is a consequence of the sequestration of the antibiotic by EPS.
UNI Signaling 4.0 Security Addendum: Call for Straw Ballot

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ATM Forum UNI 4.0 Security Addendum has undergone 4 revisions and has been without substantive modifications for 3 ATM Forurn meetings. This contribution is intended to assist the ATM Forum CS Working Group in the process of bringing BTD-CS-UNI-SEC-O1 .04 DIUFT to Straw Ballot. This effort applies equally to its companion documen~ BTD-CS-PNNI-SEC-O 1.02 DRAFT. BTD-CS-UNI-SEC-01 .04 DRAFT is an addendum to UNI 4.0 Signaling that describes the additional procedures needed of ATM signaling to support the signaling-based securily message exchange protocol, and its 4 basic security mechanisms, authentication, confidentiality, integrity and access control for ATM VC/VPs. These services are specified in detail in ATM Forurn document af-sec-0100.000, which is currently in Final Ballot. The remaining identified work for BTD-CS-UNI-SEC-01 .04 DRAFT includes the resolution of the TBD items in the draft, and a review of the sections of the ATM Forum Security Specification V 1.0 af-sec- 0100.000, that are specifically referenced by BTD-CS-UNI-SEC-O 1.04 DRAFT. In support of this effort, this contribution includes the relevant baseline text of the referenced sections of that Security Specification.
Comparison of Rapid Test with ELISA for the Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of a rapid ICT test with ELISA for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antibody. Study type, settings and duration: Cross sectional comparative study conducted at PMRC Specialized Centre for gastroenterology and hepatology JPMC, Karachi from April 2012 - March 2013. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 apparently healthy adults were selected from a rural community. After taking informed consent, 5ml blood was collected sera separated and tested for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) by a rapid immuno-chromatographic test developed by Korea (Humasis) and ELISA simultaneously. As per manufacturer’s guidelines, the rapid ICT test is interpreted as positive if antibody titers are > 30mIU/ml and negative if the titers are 10mIU/ml as positive or protective and 100mIU/ml) but had a limited sensitivity for cases having titers between 10mIU/ml-100mIU/ml, thus limiting its use and creating unnecessary demand for booster dose of vaccine. Conclusion: The rapid ICT for antiHBs is not as sensitive as ELISA but can still be used for rapid decision making especially in OPD setups and remote areas.
Understanding the relationship between coopetition and startups’ resilience: the role of entrepreneurial ecosystem and dynamic exchange capability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to grounded in the dynamic capability theory and focuses on the dynamic exchange capability framework, encompassing networkbuilding capability and resource integration capability, to explore the relationship between coopetition and resilience, with ecosystem digitalization serving as the boundary condition. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a survey study among 382 B2B startups with second-hand data from the city level. Findings Startups engaged in coopetition activities can build resilience through the mediating effects of network-building capability and resource integration capability. In addition, ecosystem digitalization positively moderates these relationships. Practical implications This study advocates for entrepreneurs to leverage coopetition to enhance resilience by activating network-building capability and resource integration capability and to apply ecosystem digitalization throughout this transformation process. Originality/value Many studies have discussed how to strengthen the resilience of startups, but the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in constructing resilience has received little attention. This study contributes to the understanding of the causal relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurship, promotes the development of the dynamic exchange capability framework, and sheds light on the flow of resources across borders within ecosystems.
Problematic fossils from the Upper Cretaceous of western Bulgaria might be the first record of Mesozoic insects in the country

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Recent work at the Upper Cretaceous vertebrate locality near the town of Tran, western Bulgaria, brought to light a diverse assemblage of plant mesofossils and other microfossils of uncertain systematic affinities. Here we briefly report on 18 problematic specimens that share a striking morphological similarity to the Late Cretaceous Knoblochia cretacea, an ichnotaxon thought to be an insect egg. This material appears to represent the first record of Mesozoic insects from Bulgaria.
Telling of Institutional Oppression: Voices of Minoritized Counselor Educators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors use the results of an intersectional critical qualitative inquiry to illustrate the encounters 6 minoritized counselor educators had with institutional forms of oppression. Their findings depict the insidious nature of institutional oppression and suggest that counselor educator experiences may be improved by peer mentorship programs and by the organizational advocacy and accountability efforts of bodies such as the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision.
Frustrated magnetic planes with intricate interaction pathways in the mineral langite Cu$_4$(OH)$_6$SO$_4\cdot 2$H$_2$O

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic and crystallographic properties of the mineral langite Cu$_4$(OH)$_6$SO$_4\cdot 2$H$_2$O are reported. Its layered crystal structure features a peculiar spatial arrangement of spin-$\frac12$ Cu$^{2+}$ ions that arises from a combination of corner- and edge-sharing chains. Experimentally, langite orders antiferromagnetically at $T_N\simeq 5.7$ K as revealed by magnetization and specific heat measurements. Despite this very low energy scale of the magnetic transition, langite features significantly stronger couplings on the order of 50-70 K. Half of the Cu$^{2+}$ spins are weakly coupled and saturate around 12T, where the magnetization reaches 0.5$μ_B$/Cu. These findings are rationalized by density-functional band-structure calculations suggesting a complex interplay of frustrated exchange couplings in the magnetic planes. A simplified model of coupled magnetic sublattices explains the experimental features qualitatively. To start from reliable structural data, the crystal structure of langite in the 100-280 K temperature range has been determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction, and the hydrogen positions were refined computationally.
Behavioral treatments effective for children with ADHD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Behavioral treatments are effective for reducing the symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as behavioral problems and impairment, based on rater reports, according to a meta‐analysis from Dutch researchers. The meta‐analysis looked at individual participant data, including data from randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions. All participants were under 18 years, and outcomes were ADHD symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and impairment.
Dynamics of Phospholipid Molecules in Micelles:  Characterization with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic properties of two BODIPY labeled phospholipid molecules in micellar systems have been studied with two different spectroscopic techniques, which provide complementary information (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA), respectively). One phospholipid had the fluorescent probe attached to the headgroup (abbreviated as head-labeled) and the other one had the probe at the acyl chain at the sn-2 position of the phospholipid (abbreviated as tail-labeled). From FCS experiments, the translational diffusion constant, aggregation number and hydrodynamic size of the micelles were determined. The micelles were larger in size than reported in the literature, which is due to the incorporation of the relatively large sized fluorescent probe. The FCS results were confirmed by the results of dynamic light scattering experiments on both empty micelles and micelles containing the fluorescent lipid probe. Both results showed that the probe has a very significant effect on the self-assembly behavior. The micelles loaded with the head-labeled phosholipid had a significantly larger radius compared to the micelles loaded with a tail-labeled probe. To obtain more insight into the intramicellar mobility and organization of the fluorescent lipid, TRFA experiments were performed. Analysis of the anisotropy decay showed that the lateral diffusion of the probe is the main, rapid contributing process in detergents such as Triton X-100, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether (Thesit), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). However, digitonin and deoxycholate micelles had significantly different properties, which could be explained by more rigidly packed micelles. The calculated values for the wobbling motion, cone angle and order parameters indicated that the tail-labeled probe undergoes less restricted motion than the head-labeled probe.
Analysing enablers of knowledge management in improving logistics capabilities of Indian organisations: a TISM approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to identify and analyse the main enablers of knowledge management (KM) in improving the logistics capabilities of Indian organisations and develop a model based on the contextual relationship among the identified enablers. Design/methodology/approach Initially, this study uses a systematic literature review and questionnaire-based survey approach to identify the enablers of KM; and later, total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) was used to evolve mutual relationships among the identified 11 enablers for developing a hierarchical model. Findings The results of the analysis show that enablers, namely, organisational structure and leadership, application of advanced information and communication system, collaboration with established stakeholders and organisational learning and innovative approaches are identified as main enablers for improving the logistics capabilities of Indian organisations. Research limitations/implications This study provides useful implications for the researchers working on exploring the role of KM enablers in improving the logistics capabilities of organisations. Practical implications This study provides rich practical implications for the manufacturers, supply chain managers, logistics service providers and logistics consultants involved in the decision-making process. They can focus majorly on knowledge creation and knowledge storage processes to improve the logistics performance of their respective organisations. Originality/value This study is an attempt to identify the enablers of KM that could improve the logistics capabilities of Indian organisations. The application of the TISM method to develop a theoretical framework is the novel contribution of this study.
Risk Factors for Atraumatic Medial Patellar Facet Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Medial patellar facet lesions have been well-described in the setting of patellar instability. However, relatively little is known about risk factors for atraumatic medial patellar facet lesions. Purpose/Hypothesis: To identify clinical and radiographic risk factors for medial patellar facet lesions in patients without a history of trauma or patellar instability. It was hypothesized that a posterior tibial tubercle relative to the trochlear groove would be a risk factor for atraumatic medial patellar facet lesions. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 37 patients with atraumatic medial patellar facet lesions were matched by age, sex, and body mass index with 37 control patients without a history of patellofemoral dysplasia. Demographic and imaging characteristics were compared between groups. Plain radiography was used to evaluate Wiberg type, and magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate Caton-Deschamps index, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, trochlear facet asymmetry ratio, patellotrochlear index, sulcus depth, patellar bisect ratio, and tibial tubercle height. Statistically significant variables from univariate analysis were used as inputs to the multivariate regression model to assess independent risk factors. Results: There were no differences between groups with respect to Wiberg type, Caton-Deschamps index, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, sulcus depth, or patellotrochlear index ( P > .05 for all). The medial facet lesion group had a larger medial trochlear facet (trochlear facet asymmetry ratio, 0.72 ± 0.11 vs 0.60 ± 0.09; P < .001), a more medial-lying patella in the trochlear groove (patellar bisect ratio, 0.57 ± 0.06 vs 0.55 ± 0.07; P = .035), and a more posterior tibial tubercle relative to the trochlear groove (tibial tubercle height, -3.13 ± 5.21 vs -0.23 ± 5.93 mm; P = .030) compared with the control group. Multivariate regression analysis identified trochlear facet asymmetry and tibial tubercle height as independent risk factors for medial patellar facet lesions (relative risk = 97.3 [95% CI, 14.9-635.1], P < .001 and relative risk = 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92-0.98], P = .004, respectively). Conclusion: A relatively larger medial trochlear facet and a more posterior tibial tubercle relative to the trochlear groove were found to be risk factors for medial patellar facet lesions in patients without a history of trauma or patellar instability.
Constraints of internal market law on family law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What international family law is ânecessary for the proper functioning of the internal marketâ? An in-depth analysis of international family law within the European Union from a multidisciplinary approach was needed to tackle this central theme. Articles 61c and 65 of the EC Treaty expressly place civil judicial cooperation in the perspective of the proper functioning of the internal market and thus appear to grant it a distinct âeconomicâ flavour. Still, the link between civil cooperation and, a fortiori, family law on the one hand and economic integration on the other hand, is not self-evident.\n\nA key question today is to what extent and according to what framework the European legislator can and should act in the field of international family law. This book provides clear answers to that crucial question.
Self-made Martyrdom?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is reported of a 46 year old woman who died after a five month illness characterized by focal neurological signs, evidence of meningeal irritation, and the finding of `blast9 cells in the CSF. Immunoglobulin A was consistently absent from her serum and secretions. Necropsy showed extensive infiltration by a reticulum-cell sarcoma of the subarachnoid space, with tumour nodules on several cranial nerves and tumour infiltration of the tuber cinereum. The significance of the association between immunoglobulin A deficiency and neoplasia is discussed.
Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland: Cytological findings and differential diagnosis on fine‐needle aspiration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oncocytic lipoadenoma is a rare benign neoplastic lesion of salivary gland. To the best of our knowledge, the detailed cytomorphological findings were described only in two cases. We are reporting a 56‐year‐old woman who presented with 1‐year history of right parotid gland mass. Cytologic examination revealed tight clusters of bland looking oncocytic ductal cells with few aggregates of mature adipose tissue in a lipoid background and a benign oncocytic tumor of parotid gland was rendered. Histologically, a tumor with islands of oncocytic epithelial cells admixed with abundant mature adipose tissue was identified. Oncocytic lipoadenoma despite its rarity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland fine‐needle aspirations containing oncocytes especially those which are accompanied by mature adipose tissue and lipoid background. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:72–74. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Concept of Calm Soul in The Qur’an

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to discover the influence of a calm soul to human life through Allah’s guidance and to take the lessons from Quranic verses about a calm soul. The method of study is descriptive qualitative with the library research (literature) which is compiled by the concept of Tafsir Maudhu’i. The results of this study show that muthmainnah verses more revealed after the prophet migrated (hijrah). According to the word of muthmainnahin the Quran that related to the Nasr Hamid’s idea in the pre-emigration phase, it is focused on the understanding or depiction of muthmainnah and its characteristics are that the quiet soul is the soul that returns to its blessed and blessed God, the soul that belongs to the servant of God and will enter heaven. Whereas the post-hijrah period, which contains in the muthmainnah word is more focused on the application of muthmainnah in dealing with various problems.
Non-contact force sensing for real-time stressing of biological cells

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical force sensing is an important and integral component in the study of the viscoelastic properties of biological cells. In this study, a vision-based non-contact force sensing technique for real-time stressing of biological cells by a vision-guided robotic micromanipulation system is introduced. The system is capable of providing real-time external mechanical stressing on biological cells with a predefined profile and estimating the cell membrane deformation using the proposed cell strain model. One of the phenomena manifesting the viscoelastic properties of cells is the gradual reduction of reaction force in the compressive stress under cyclic loading. The applied force with respect to the cell membrane strain and the number of stressing cycles is modelled and validated by different zebrafish embryos. The experimental results show that the proposed force model can estimate the reaction force of cell membrane with the average maximum error of 10.07%.
Polarimetric characterisation of histological section of skin with pathological changes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work focuses on the further development of the optical methods based on polarization detection to improve the reliability of the results of evaluation of structural changes in biological tissues. The paper presents an experimental study of tissues with pathological alterations to assess the capacity of differentiation of pathological conditions when using averaged local Mueller matrix elements. Experiments were carried out in direct scattering mode in histological samples of human epidermis. The practical significance of the results is the widespread application of the methodology for laser polarimetric analysis of structural changes in anisotropic tissues to identify and assess the degree of pathology in medical diagnosis of skin diseases.
Bioactive carboxylic acids from Lysimachia clethroides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Six new carboxylic acids (1-6), together with 11 known ones (7-17), were isolated from the aerial parts of Lysimachia clethroides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Five new carboxylic acids (1 and 3-6) were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against aldose reductase.