jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Survey of AM fungi in soils of Mahabubnagar district (A.P.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Occurrence and distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in ten places of Mahabubnagar district was investigated. The number of resting spores, genera and species varied from place to place and with the soil type. The maximum number of genera (6) and species (7) were recorded from Alampur and Gadwal soils. Only two genera and two species were recorded from soils of Wanaparthy. Qualiatively and quantitatively, Glomus species dominated in all the soils.
The Relation between Sea Surface Temperature at the Subtropical South-Central Pacific and Precipitation in Southeastern South America

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the relationship between the interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and its associated atmospheric circulation and rainfall variability over southeastern South America (SSA), namely the subtropical region east of the Andes between 20° and 40°S, during the austral spring. Rainfall in SSA and SST interannual variability is studied using canonical correlation analysis. The first two modes show the well-known warm-wet and cold-dry pattern between the equatorial SST and rainfall over most of this part of the world. However, SST in the equatorial regions does not modulate rainfall variability among El Niño (EN) years or among La Niña (LN) years. On the other hand, it does modulate this variability between EN and LN cases as a whole and among neutral cases indicating that the SSA rainfall response to equatorial Pacific SST is not linear over the observed SST range, having no dependence on the extremes of this range. In contrast, among EN events, SST in the subtropical south-central Pacific (SSCP) modulates the seasonal rainfall over most of SSA. Also, when all the years are considered, this SST has a correlation with precipitation of magnitude similar to those corresponding to the SST in EN regions. Consistent with this, the circulation field has enhanced cyclonic (anticyclonic) advection over subtropical SSA when SST in the SSCP is cold (warm). SSTs in EN-3 or EN-3.4 regions and in the SSCP are negatively correlated, but their correlation is practically zero when only EN cases or only neutral cases are considered, and very small in LN cases. This allows a stratification analysis composing cases according to different SSTs in EN-3 and EN-3.4 regions with almost constant SST in the SSCP and similarly according to different SST in the SSCP with approximately constant SST in EN regions. The composite difference fields with constant equatorial SST and with constant SST in the SSCP have a wave train in the Pacific similar to the ENSO-like pattern. Besides most of the ENSO circulation signal at 200 hPa over mid- and high latitudes is associated with SST variability at the SSCP rather than with SST variability in EN regions.
Restricted Energy Loss by Extremely Relativistic Particles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The restricted energy loss of electrons, positrons, protons, and pions passing through nuclear emulsions has been measured by observation of the variation in blob and grain density as a function of $\ensuremath{\gamma}=\frac{1}{{(1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$. All measurements were made in small areas (7 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) of two Ilford $K\ensuremath{-}5$ emulsion pellicles. A careful examination of the variation of blob density with track depth was made in both pellicles. The results of our measurements on the relativistic rise ($5<\ensuremath{\gamma}<36$) as well as on the Fermi plateau ($\ensuremath{\gamma}>100$) are in agreement with the predictions of the Sternheimer formula using a mean ionization potential $I$ of 434 eV and a cutoff energy ${W}_{0}$ of 6-10 keV. An upper limit of 1% is placed on radiative corrections of the type predicted by Tsytovitch. Correction for the finite number of developable grains traversed by the primary produced a best fit with ${W}_{0}=6$ keV, in excellent agreement with the maximum energy of a $\ensuremath{\delta}$ ray that comes to rest within the working volume of blob counting.
Effective Evaluation of Medical Images Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work is implemented for the management of patients with epilepsy, and methods based on electroencephalography (EEG) analysis have been proposed for the timely prediction of its occurrence. The proposed system is used for crisis detection and prediction system; it is useful for both patients and medical staff to know their status easily and more accurately. In the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, the affected patients with Parkinson’s disease can assess the prognostic risk factors, and the symptoms are evaluated to predict rapid progression in the early stages after diagnosis. The presented seizure prediction system introduces deep learning algorithms into EEG score analysis. This proposed work long short-term memory (LSTM) network model is mainly implemented for the identification and classification of qualitative patterns in the EEG of patients. While compared with other techniques like deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and traditional machine learning algorithms, the proposed LSTM model plays a significant role in predicting impending crises over 4 different qualifying intervals from 10 minutes to 1.5 hours with very few wrong predictions.
Security cooperation through joint military exercises in the Asia pacific region’ effectiveness, meanings, and implications of regionalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Joint military exercises (JMEXs) are often regarded as an afterthought in management of security arrangements or interstate relations. However, this paper argues that studying the utilities of JMEXs is increasingly crucial, considering rapid power shifts and alterations in the type of security threats. As such, the different utilities of JMEXs are first examined and properly catalogued. Thereafter, utilizing this framework, the second part of the paper examined how Thailand and Philippines, allies of the United States, utilises JMEXs in its conduct of international affairs from the period of 2008-2017. A dataset detailing JMEXs conducted was created to provide facilitate such endeavors. In short, this paper found that JMEXs is multi-faceted and can be expertly utilised as a diplomatic tool to manage or manipulate fluctuations in interstate relations, especially JMEXs involving major powers. Such findings provide policymakers will another mechanism to forecast, manage and handle interstate relations.
Effectiveness of Breathing Exercise on Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Patients At Selected Community Area at Agartala West Tripura

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The researcher conducted a study on effectiveness of breathing exercise on blood pressure among hypertensive patients in Dukli Urban Health Training Centre, Agartala, West Tripura. The objectives of the study were to assess the pre-existing level of blood pressure among the hypertensive patients, to evaluate the effectiveness of breathing exercise on blood pressure among the hypertensive patients, and to find out the association between pre-existing level of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with their selected demographic variables. The present study's conceptual framework was based on Modified Wiedenbach's Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1964). A quantitative evaluative research approach, time series experimental research design and purposive sampling technique were used for the study. Data collection: Data were collected from 30 hypertensive patients through interview and direct observation method by administering the socio-demographic proforma and American Heart Association blood pressure category table (2023). Breathing exercise were provided as an intervention for 21 minutes for 15 consecutive days. Everyday, 2 times pre-test and 2 times post-test was done.
Peru and Bolivia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the entire period from independence to the War of the Pacific, Jorge Basadre’s great work, Historia de la República del Perú, 5th ed., 10 vols. (Lima, 1962–4), undoubtedly constitutes the most important source of reference. His earlier works, Perú, problema y posibilidad (Lima, 1931), and La multitud, la ciudad y el campo (Lima, 1947), have not only maintained their freshness but were responsible for pioneering the study of Peru’s history. Apart from Basadre’s classic works, another summary of this period written by Emilio Romero, Historia económica del Perú (Buenos Aires, 1949) contains information which is still of value. More recently, Ernesto Yepes del Castillo, Perú 1820–1920: Un sigh de desarrollo capitalista (Lima, 1972) has provided an overall interpretation of the nineteenth century, while Julio Cotler, in Clases, estado y nación en el Perú (Lima, 1978) discusses and explains the persistence of the colonial character of Peruvian society and the state after 1821. A useful general history in English is Fredrick B. Pike, The Modern History of Peru (London, 1967). Heraclio Bonilla, Un siglo a la deriva (Lima, 1980), chaps. 1 and 2, and Shane Hunt, Price and Quantum Estimates of Peruvian Exports, 1830–1962 (Princeton, N.J., Woodrow Wilson School, Discussion Paper 33, 1973) have suggested the division of the nineteenth century into economic periods, on the basis of the country’s export performance.
Worldviews and Perceptions of Stem Cell Research across Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Few areas of science make it to the forefront of media and public perceptions and, once there, fi nd themselves the object of sustained attention. At most times in most societies, science tends to merit only episodic attention and a fuzzy or generic positive appreciation, more latent than explicit, which is only brought to light by surveys designed to capture public attitudes to science. Against this background of long periods of silence or inattentiveness and a kind of mute approval on the part of society, there emerges from time to time a science or technology area with a high level of salience and the potential for controversy. The picture on those infrequent occasions is one in which general attitudes toward science with a clearly positive sign, or valence, commingle with critical perceptions (ranging from reservations to active opposition by way of ambivalence) toward new scientifi c or technological developments.
Additional file 2 of The epidemiological characteristic and trends of burns globally

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure S2. DALYs of burns. A, the global changing trend in the number of ASDAR by sex from 1990 to 2019. B, a comparison of the ASDAR between 1990 and 2019 at global and different SDI levels. C, distribution of DALYs rate among different age categories in 2019. D, distribution of DALYs rate among different age categories in 1990. E, the range of change in DALYs by sex in 2019 compared to 1990 in 45 GBD regions. F, the range of change in ASDAR by sex in 2019 compared to 1990 in 45 GBD regions. G, the top increased or decreased in DALYs by sex in 2019 compared with 1990 among 204 countries and territories. H, the top increased or decreased in ASDAR by sex in 2019 compared with 1990 among 204 countries and territories. I, distribution of DALYs among different age categories in 1990. J, the map of DALYs in 2019 among 204 countries and territories. K, the map of ASDAR in 2019 among 204 countries and territories. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index; ASDAR, age-standardized DALYs rate; GBD, Global Burden of Disease.
Continuous Harmonic Spaces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article generalizes Ian Quinn's recent harmonic characterization of pitch-class sets in equal tempered spaces to chords drawn from continuous pitch and pitch-class spaces. Using the Fourier transform, chords of any real-valued pitches or pitch classes are represented by their spectra and located in a harmonic space of all possible chord spectra. Euclidean and angular distance metrics defined on chord spectra correlate strongly with common interval-based similarity measures such as IcVSIM and ANGLE. Thus, we can approximate these common measures of harmonic similarity in continuous environments, applying the corresponding harmonic intuitions to all possible chords of pitches and pitch classes in all possible tuning systems. This Fourier-based approach to harmony is used to compare the properties of twelve-note chords in Witold Lutosławski and Elliot Carter, to analyze the opening section of Gérard Grisey's Partiels, and to investigate the structural properties underlying the Z-relation (part of ongoing research with Rachel Hall).
South African cellular wars in Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The aim of the case study is to highlight the potential and achievements of emerging market countries and companies. Design/methodology/approach The current market and its participants were analyzed using official country statistics and independent reports. The objectives were achieved by analyzing information published by market participants and by taking into account the opinions expressed by relevant parties through the use of secondary reports. Findings Emerging markets are challenging environments in which to do business and that large sums of money and capital do not guarantee success. Emerging markets do have the ability to purchase products and services on a scale that is profitable for multinational corporations. First mover advantage in emerging markets is significant. Due diligence is imperative, alone it is not sufficient and follow up work needs to be done in order to confirm the results. Practical implications The paper shows that due diligence is imperative and its value cannot be stressed enough. Increased corporate governance requirements need to be applied when dealing in emerging markets. However, corporate governance needs to take the local conditions into account and be adjusted accordingly. Originality/value This case study highlights the growing importance of mobile telephony in sub‐Saharan Africa with its strategic implications for firms and development opportunities for African society.
Distinct RNA N-Demethylation Pathways Catalyzed by Non-Heme Iron ALKBH5 and FTO Enzymes Enable Regulation of Formaldehyde Release Rates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Abstract</p><p><br></p><p>The AlkB family of non-heme-Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate(2OG)-dependent oxygenases are essential regulators of RNA epigenetics by serving as erasers of one-carbon marks on RNA with release of formaldehyde (FA). Two major human AlkB family members, FTO and ALKBH5, both act as oxidative demethylases of N6 methyladenosine (m6A) but furnish different major products, N6 hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively. Here we identify foundational mechanistic differences between FTO and ALKBH5 that promote these distinct biochemical outcomes. In contrast to FTO, which follows a traditional oxidative N-demethylation pathway to catalyze conversion of m6A to hm6A with subsequent slow release of A and FA, we find that ALKBH5 catalyzes a direct</p><p>m6A-to-A transformation with rapid FA release. We identify a catalytic R130/K132/Y139 triad within ALKBH5 that facilitates release of FA via an unprecedented covalent-based demethylation mechanism with direct detection of a covalent intermediate. Importantly, a K132Q mutant furnishes an ALKBH5 enzyme with an m6A demethylation profile that resembles that of FTO, establishing the importance of this residue in the proposed covalent mechanism. Finally, we show that ALKBH5 is an endogenous source of FA in the cell by activity-based sensing of FA fluxes perturbed via ALKBH5 knockdown. This work provides a fundamental biochemical rationale for non-redundant roles of these RNA demethylases beyond different substrate preferences and cellular localization, where m6A demethylation by ALKBH5 versus FTO results in release of FA, an endogenous one-carbon unit but potential genotoxin, at different rates in living systems.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>Significance Statement</p><p><br></p><p>Non-heme iron enzymes FTO and ALKBH5 play central roles in epigenetic RNA regulation by catalyzing the oxidation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) to produce N6-hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively. Here, we provide a mechanistic rationale for these distinct biochemical outcomes by identifying that ALKBH5 performs m6A demethylation via an unprecedented covalent-based mechanism with concomitant and rapid release of A and formaldehyde (FA), whereas FTO liberates hm6A to release A and FA over longer timescales. This work reveals foundational biochemical differences between these closely related but non-redundant epigenetic enzymes and identifies ALKBH5 as an endogenous source of rapid formaldehyde generation in cells.</p>
Improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of aridisol from Botswana by the incorporation of torrefied biomass

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Effective use of agricultural residual biomass may be beneficial for both local and global ecosystems. Recently, biochar has received attention as a soil enhancer, and its effects on plant growth and soil microbiota have been investigated. However, there is little information on how the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil amended with biochar are affected. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the incorporation of torrefied plant biomass on physical and structural properties, elemental profiles, initial plant growth, and metabolic and microbial dynamics in aridisol from Botswana. Hemicellulose in the biomass was degraded while cellulose and lignin were not, owing to the relatively low-temperature treatment in the torrefaction preparation. Water retentivity and mineral availability for plants were improved in soils with torrefied biomass. Furthermore, fertilization with 3% and 5% of torrefied biomass enhanced initial plant growth and elemental uptake. Although the metabolic and microbial dynamics of the control soil were dominantly associated with a C1 metabolism, those of the 3% and 5% torrefied biomass soils were dominantly associated with an organic acid metabolism. Torrefied biomass was shown to be an effective soil amendment by enhancing water retentivity, structural stability, and plant growth and controlling soil metabolites and microbiota.
Family Therapy for a Child with Self-Injurious Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 칼, 샤프 등으로 신체를 학대하는 자해행동을 하는 자녀의 문제로 어머니가 상담을 의뢰하
여 개입한 가족치료 사례연구로 자녀의 자해행동과 가족체계 특성의 관계와 자녀의 자해행동에 대한
치료자 개입의 과정과 기법, 가족치료의 효과성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 가족은 부모,
딸 2명으로 구성된 4명의 가족이며, 상담은 2008년 7월부터 11월까지 총 10회 진행되었다. 본 연구는
10회기의 상담축어록과 상담 시 기록한 메모를 근거로 해서 형성된 범주들을 Miles와 Huberman(1994)
이 제안한 매트릭스와 네트워크를 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 자녀의 자해행동은 부부의 원
가족 갈등과 문제해결을 위해 시도해왔던 역기능적 의사소통방식으로 인해 나타나고 있었다. 치료자
는 치료적 동맹관계 형성, 다세대 전수과정 설명, 시도된 해결책 설명, 새로운 의사소통방식을 제안함
으로써 가족구성원들의 전반적인 관계변화를 유도하였다. 이러한 치료자의 개입결과 자녀의 자해행동
은 점차 호전되는 결과를 보였으며, 또한 가족구성원 개인과 가족관계에도 변화가 나타났다.
Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Wild Type and Purkinje Cell Degeneration Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mice are characterized by death of virtually all cerebellar Purkinje cells by postnatal day 30. In this study, we used DNA microarray analysis to investigate differences in gene expression between the brains of wild type and pcd mice on postnatal day 20, before the appearance of clear-cut phenotypic abnormalities. We identified 300 differentially expressed genes, most of which were involved in metabolic and physiological processes. Among the differentially expressed genes were several calcium binding proteins including calbindin-28k, paravalbumin, matrix gamma-carboxyglutamate protein and synaptotagamins 1 and 13, suggesting the involvement of abnormal Ca2+ signaling in the pcd phenotype.
Effects of ADAM10 upregulation on progression, migration, and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 ( ADAM 10) is a typical member of the ADAM s family, which has been reported to be upregulated in various types of cancers and contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. However, little is known about the role of ADAM 10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ). The purpose of this study is to explore ADAM 10 expression status and its biological functions in NPC . We first examined the expression of ADAM 10 in NPC tissues and cell lines by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, PCR , and immunofluorescence analysis. We observed that ADAM 10 was significantly elevated in NPC and its expression level was correlated with T classification ( P = 0.044), distant metastasis ( P = 0.016), TNM clinical stage ( P = 0.013), and proliferation marker Ki‐67 expression ( P = 0.001). Patients with NPC with high expression of ADAM 10 had shorter overall survival rates. In addition, knockdown of ADAM 10 by RNA i was found to inhibit the CNE ‐2 cell proliferation and migration. Our findings hinted that overexpression of ADAM 10 promotes the progression and migration of NPC , which makes it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of tumor metastases in NPC .
The role of robotic surgery in endometrial cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Robotic surgery for endometrial cancer has less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and less postoperative complications compared to laparotomies. Robotic technologic advantages over laparoscopic technique are most pronounced in obese patients. The shorter learning curve may explain the greater utilization of the robotic technique. Robotic surgery will continue as a mainstay in the treatment of uterine cancers as we become more efficient and cost conscious while maintaining the high quality outcomes that have been reported. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:761–768 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valuing Film Violence: Student Perceptions on the Inclusion of Violent Films and Film Violence within the Undergraduate Learning Experience

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores a range of issues linked to the inclusion of film violence within the undergraduate learning experience from the perspective of students. It contributes to the discussion contained within this volume through the foregrounding of the views of learners within debates over the interplay between textual and contextual factors impacting upon how films are valued. The chapter also seeks to inform pedagogic discussion linked to the value of including potentially challenging films within the undergraduate curriculum. The investigation draws empirical evidence from qualitative questionnaires completed by final-year students who took the module 'The Regulation of Film Violence in Britain' at the University of Winchester during the academic year 2007–8. While this is a small-scale empirical project conducted in the UK, it is suggested that its findings constitute a starting point for the broader consideration of the value of including potentially challenging texts within Higher Education (HE) curricula.