jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Concept and Classification of Genomic (Genetic) Information

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The importance of genomic information has now increased due to the possibility of its practical use. Meanwhile, the understanding of the term “genomic information” is specified based on different criteria. Genomic information is proposed to be classified depending on the following criteria: 1) the origin of a biological sample, 2) the place of fixation and storage of genomic information, 3) the purpose of use, 4) the completeness of examination, 5) the relation of a person to the acquisition of his or her genomic information, 6) the scope of content. Genomic information can be presented as a generic concept referring to all biological objects, as a special concept (species) referring only to humans, and as subspecies reflecting specificity of such information in a particular area of activity. Genomic information of a living being (human, animal, plant, microorganism) is understood as data on certain fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (sometimes ribonucleic acid) on the basis of which the living being is identified or other permitted activity is carried out. Human genomic information is defined as biometric personal data extracted from certain fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (sometimes ribonucleic acid) of a living individual or corpse, on the basis of which it is possible to identify, determine genetic predispositions or extract patterns of the development of the human being obtained voluntarily, and, in cases provided for by the law, forced to be fixed in a biological sample and/or stored in an information map or database. It is proved that the existing laws on information or a new law dedicated to regulation of the application of genomic technologies should be amended instead of adopting a special law “On Genetic Information”.
Numerical Simulation Of Accidental Fires With A Spillage Of Oil In Large Buildings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

BAC’s (BAC Engineering Consultancy Group) participation in PRACE programme has made possible to increase its knowledge in the field of fire engineering and the application of advanced computing strategies. These fields may be applied directly to a fire engineering analysis (Performance-Based design) of the steel structure buildings that belong to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor industrial complex in France, which is devoted to research in the field of Nuclear Fusion. In particular, the project could be focused on the building that hosts the cryogenic system of the Tokamak. This building is characterized by its large size. The building hosts a large number of helium and nitrogen compressors, as well as the charcoal filter system, that is necessary for the cryogenic system.
Numerical simulations of the accidental fires that can take place inside of the building have been carried out, some of them as complex as considering the combination of a liquid combustible spillage added to an oil cloud due to the breakage of a high pressure pipe.
Elemental maneuvers and coordination structures for unmanned air vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The practical coordination and control of unmanned air vehicles (UAV) is addressed in a distributed control framework. The key specification concepts are elemental maneuvers and team maneuvers. Elemental maneuvers abstract the key modes of operation of each UAV. Team maneuvers abstract team operations in terms of elemental maneuvers and coordination constraints. The coordination structure for team operations consists of vehicle supervisors, one per UAV, team supervisors, and links connecting them. These links define the information structure and the roles for each vehicle, and may change during execution. Each vehicle supervisor interacts with a team supervisor through a simple coordination protocol. We model this distributed control problem in the framework of dynamic networks of hybrid automata. We use dynamic optimization and nonlinear control techniques to synthesize elemental maneuver controllers.
Evaluation of total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels extracts by biochemical and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Free radical scavenging activity of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels extracts analysed using biochemical and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies.
Effect of Weather Factors on Seasonal Incidence and Damage of Sesame Pod Bug, Elasmolomus sordidus (Fabr.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seasonal incidence of sesame pod bug, Elasmolomus sordidus was studied by taking fortnightly sowing in 20 m plots. The bug population was abundant and caused maximum damage during the month of October to November and August to September and absent during the month of January and February. The correlation analysis showed that only the minimum temperature and the R.H. were highly and positively correlated with the sesame pod bug incidence on sesame. The regression analysis indicated that while the maximum temperature had negative influence on the bug incidence, the minimum temperature had a positive regression coefficient which predicted that every one degree of minimum temperature increase in the pest population to the tune of 1.704 insects.
Synaptic Plasticity in the Dorsal Vagal Complex: Role in Salt Intake and Alteration by Estrogen

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sodium depletion produced by the natriuretic‐diuretic, furosemide (Furo) stimulates salt intake that increases progressively with repeated Furo treatments. Hormonal, osmotic, and neural signals regarding perturbations in sodium balance are initially processed within neurons and glia of the hindbrain dorsal vagal complex (DVC). Thus, plastic changes to glia and synaptic proteins can alter the effectiveness of synapses in the dorsal vagal complex to propagate signals to forebrain areas involved in body fluid regulation and thereby produce progressive increases in salt intake. Central actions of estrogen contribute to sex differences in a variety of adaptive behaviors, including salt intake in response to Furo treatment. Therefore, our objective was to assess the effect of estrogen on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker for glia) and synaptotagmin 4 and calcium calmodulin kinase II (SYT4 CaMKII; synaptic proteins) in the DVC in response to repeated treatments with Furo. Adult female rats were ovariectomized, allowed to recover for 7 days, and then given estradiol benzoate (EB; 10 μg/0.1 ml oil, sc) or oil vehicle (OIL; 0.1 ml, sc) each week for 3 weeks. Rats were injected weekly with Furosemide (5 mg/kg, sc) or 0.15 M NaCl 18–24 hours after injection on week 1 and 2; and rats were also given 3‐hr access to one bottle of deionized water and one bottle of 0.5 M NaCl (salt) without food. On week 3, rats were terminated via decapitation 18–24 hours after the second injection, and the brains were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, homogenized, and stored at −80°C. Frozen tissue punches from DVC were immunoblotted for GFAP (Millipore MAB360 mouse anti‐GFAP; 1:6000), CaMKII (Thermo Fisher MA1‐048 mouse anti‐CaMKII; 1:2000), synaptotagmin 4 (Thermo Fisher PA5‐52709 rabbit anti‐SYT4; 1:250), and β‐actin (#4970; Cell Signaling rabbit anti‐ β‐actin; 1:1000). Salt intake was increased in furosemide treated rats compared to isosaline treated rats independent of number of depletions. Estradiol produced a greater increase in salt intake compared to oil‐treated rats after first furosemide‐induced sodium depletion. Water intake was increased in furosemide treated rats compared to isosaline treated rats. Repeated furosemide treatment altered the expression of GFAP, SYT4, and CaMKII in the DVC. Preliminary analysis suggests estradiol may alter expression of GFAP, SYT4, and CaMKII in the DVC. Support or Funding Information Supported by OCAST HR12‐196 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
The Sources and Evolution of the Swedish Attitude Towards Informational Security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2014 not only had ignited the reconsideration of security and threat perceptions of European countries, but also forced governments to put in doubts their ability to tackle hostile propaganda and disinformation campaigns. One of the most noticeable evolutions in that sphere was observed in Sweden, which developed a multilayer system based on total defence concept and the whole-society approach.<br/>The author of this article states that the Swedish conception is a product of specific conditions, mainly Swedish historical experiences, social and political factors, media system as well as existing security policies rather than top-to-bottom planned governmental project. Further, the author analyzes determinants of constituting and establishing of such system, adresses the evolution process of institutional measures and, finally, presents the components of the contemporary system of disinformation countermeasures.
Mathematics teacher development and technology: towards an International GeoGebra Institute

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research indicates that despite the numerous benefits of using technology in mathematics education, the process of embedding technology in classrooms is slow and complex. Most teachers need more than just being provided with technology if the benefits of technology are to be substantially realized. It has been suggested that adequate training and collegial support boost teachers' willingness to integrate technology into their teaching and to develop successful technology-assisted teaching practices. GeoGebra is free open-source dynamic software for mathematics teaching and learning that offers geometry and algebra features in a fully connected software environment. Its pool of free interactive materials and user forum are examples of online collaboration of a world-wide community of mathematics educators. In this poster presentation, we will outline the emergence of the software GeoGebra and its recent developments as well as the first steps towards (using present tense to show that work has already been done) International GeoGebra Institute to be able to offer structured training and support for teachers who are ready to integrate GeoGebra into their classrooms. In addition, we will organize and coordinate research projects in relation to GeoGebra to enhance the development of training and support materials. While our initial plan is to establish an IGI site at Florida Atlantic University (USA), in the long run our goal is to collaborate with colleagues and set up other institutes in various locations around the world.
Revisiting Takaful Insurance: A Survey on Functions and Dominant Models

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Takaful is a growing and fast-developing industry, which offers an insurance policy that complies with Islamic law. Such business is highly recommended by most Muslim scholars because it reflects the real meaning of brotherhood in protecting individual and corporate bodies against loss or hazards to themselves and their properties. As a result, a number of operational models have been applied by takaful operators1 by adopting one or more contracts, such as Mudarabah, wakalah or waqf. This paper will therefore highlight important issues that deal with the background of Islamic insurance in terms of definition, functions, as well as exploring takaful contract constructions and various mechanisms linking the contract parties. Finally, this paper will highlight the most dominant and practiced models used by takaful operators worldwide
Rational Reasons for Irrational Beliefs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

According to many, we live in “post-truth” times, with the pervasiveness of falsehoods being an existential threat to democracy and the functioning of free societies. Why do people believe and propagate falsehoods? Current accounts focus on psychological deficiencies, heuristic errors, self-enhancing motivations, or motivations to sow chaos. Here, we advance a complementary, outwardly (versus inwardly)-oriented and ultimate (versus proximate) account—that people often believe and spread falsehoods for socially functional reasons. Under this view, falsehoods may serve as rare and valued information with which to rise in prestige, as signals of group commitment and loyalty tests, as ammunition with which to derogate rivals, or as outrages with which to mobilize the group. Thus, although people may generate and defend falsehoods through processes that are epistemically irrational, doing so may be rational from the perspective of the functions falsehoods serve. We discuss the implications of this view for puzzling theoretical phenomena and for changing problematic beliefs.
A Causal Theory of Experiential Fear

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is a distinction between being afraid and being afraid that something is the case . Kathy may be afraid that it will rain without being afraid, and may be afraid without being afraid that it will rain. We shall say that the distinction is between experiential and propositional fear. To be afraid is to experience fear , to be in a state of fear. The state takes many forms, such as fright, terror, and dread. To be afraid that something is the case is to have a certain propositional attitude. We may have reasons for fearing, or being fearful, that it is. My goal is to explain what it means to experience fear. I shall argue that experiential fear can be defined in terms of propositional fear. The basic idea is that fear is experienced when an occurrent propositional fear of harm causes involuntary arousal and unhappiness in a direct way. The degree of fear experienced is the extent of involuntary arousal attributable to the subject's propositional fear. We shall see how this definition accounts for the similarities and differences between fear and the related concepts of hope and anxiety.
LIFE CYLE AND SEXUALITY OF THE FRESHWATER RAPHIDOPHYTE GONYOSTOMUM SEMEN (RAPHIDOPHYCEAE)1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previously unknown aspects in the life cycle of the freshwater flagellate Gonyostomum semen (Ehrenb.) (Raphidophyceae) are described here. This species forms intense blooms in many northern temperate lakes, and has increased in abundance and frequency in northern Europe during the past decades. The proposed life cycle is based on observations of life cycle stages and transitions in cultures. Viable stages of the life cycle were individually isolated and monitored by time‐lapse photography. The most common processes undertaken by the isolated cells were: division, fusion followed by division, asexual cyst formation, and sexual cyst formation. Motile cells divided by two different processes. One lasted between 6 and 24 h and formed two cells with vegetative cell size and with or without the same shape. The second division process lasted between 10 and 20 min and formed two identical cells, half the size of the mother cell. Planozygotes formed by the fusion of hologametes subsequently underwent division into two cells. Asexual cyst‐like stages were spherical, devoid of a thick wall and red spot, and germinated in 24–48 h. Heterogamete pairs were isogamous, and formed an angle of 0–90° between each other. Planozygote and sexual cyst formation were identified within strains established from one vegetative cell. The identity of these strains, which was studied by an amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, was correlated with the viability of the planozygote. Resting cyst germination was described using cysts collected in the field. The size and morphology of these cysts were comparable with those formed sexually in culture. The excystment rate was higher at 24°C than at 19 or 16°C, although the cell liberated during germination (germling) was only viable at 16°C. The placement of G. semen within the Raphidophyceae family was confirmed by sequence analysis of a segment of the 18S ribosomal DNA.
Challenges and experiences in drilling ice-proximal sites

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ice-proximal drill cores from continental shelves and near-margin continental rises contain important records of regional ice stream and outlet glacier advance and retreat processes and provide, therefore, key data for understanding and reconstructing ice sheet dynamics. However, drilling at ice-proximal sites, specially on the shelves, has its particular challenges and risks. DSDP Leg 28 (Ross Sea) was the first and ODP Legs 113 (Weddell Sea), 119/188 (Prydz Bay), 151 (Spitzbergen/Fram Strait), 152/163 (SE Greenland margin), 178 (Ant. Peninsula) were the next follow-up ship-based scientific deep-drilling expeditions to polar continental margins. They all had a varying degree of failure and success. More advanced drilling technology on JR and smarter strategies helped enlarge the success of IODP Expeditions 318 (Wilkes Land margin) and 374 (Ross Sea). With our first multi-barrel seabed drilling expedition to an Antarctic shelf (Amundsen Sea), we could demonstrate that MeBo, or a similar seabed drilling device, is a viable and low-cost tool for shallow drill cores at particular sites on the shelf that are beyond the penetration depths of conventional coring. Yet, the lack of continuous core recovery as well as the sea-ice and iceberg risk remain as strongest challenge for all ship-based drilling expeditions. This presentation will summarize the challenges and experiences from past ice-proximal polar drilling expeditions. I will explain the various issues we have been discussing with IODP to mitigate the risks to prepare for the upcoming IODP Expedition 379 to the Amundsen Sea Embayment (early 2019), where many of the science objectives, stratigraphic targets and challenges are closely related to those of the IODP proposal #909 to the NW Greenland margin.
In silico, in vitro and in vivo approach in understanding the functional relationship between ergosterol and Rubisco

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) is one of the key enzymes involved in assimilation of CO2 in chloroplasts. Phylloplane microfungi and their metabolites have been reported to affect the physiology of host plants, particularly, their photosynthesis. However, information is lacking on the effect of these microflora on the physiology of chloroplasts. The current study emphasized the impact of two dominant phylloplane fungi, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, on activity of Rubisco in tomato chloroplasts. Ergosterol, which is a component of only fungal cell membranes and is not synthesized by plants, have been demonstrated to elicit activity of Rubisco. In the present study, it was demonstrated through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Results demonstrated that the fungal metabolites, which contained ergosterol, could double Rubisco activity. Maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco increased also in ergosterol-treated plants. Michaelis-Menten constant of Rubisco was also slightly affected. Ergosterol was found also to influence and enhance the binding of CO2 and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate to Rubisco. Therefore we can postulate that the physiology of the chloroplast is probably influenced by phylloplane microfungi.
Electrical conductivity in ferromagnetic perovskite structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A spin-polaron Hamiltonian is proposed to study the electrical conductivity in perovskite structures. A crossover from the metallic conduction at low temperatures to the hopping-type conduction at high temperature is calculated within the proposed model Hamiltonian. It is found that most of the experimental observations on resistivity and colossal magnetoresistance can be well explained with the assumption of the existence of spin clusters.
Forensic Rhetoric and Racial Justice: Rhetorical Advocacy inthe Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World’s Columbian Exposition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

By turning to the case study of the 1893 pamphlet The Reason Why the Colored American is Not in the World’s Columbian Exposition, we identify forensic rhetoric as a critical, yet under-theorized, tool of racial justice advocacy. Written by Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, Irvine Garland Penn, and Ferdinand Lee Barnett, The Reason Why challenged systemic exclusion and racial oppression by utilizing a forensic rhetoric characterized by a forensic persona, a substantive focus on past guilt, and an end goal of justice. We conclude by considering the possibilities of forensic rhetorical form in contemporary racial justice advocacy. We argue that the genre of forensic rhetoric can work with public audiences, not by enabling immediate justice, but by imagining possibilities new for justice and political being.
Qualitative and quantitative improvement in the yield of field cultivated chickpea (cicer arietinum l. Cv. Vijay) using peptone and oxygenated peptone under organic farming condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments were conducted to study the impact of soil application of peptone and oxygenated peptone on organically grown chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L. cv. Vijay). Both the treatments resulted in early flowering and early harvestation, increased number of pods/plant as well as fresh wt. and dry wt. of 100 pods and 100 seeds, with oxygenated peptone showing comparatively higher level. The crop yield was more under oxygenated peptone treatment than under peptone treatment condition. The seeds of peptone treatment showed upper hand as compared to oxygenated peptone in acidity, DNA content and IAA oxidase activity. On the other hand, soil application of oxygenated peptone led to more enhancements in biochemical constituents of seed like total solids, ash, moisture content, crude fiber content, soluble proteins, total carbohydrates, polyphenols, proline, total free amino acids, ascorbic acid and RNA content. This indicates better nutritional quality of seeds. The enzyme activity of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase showed upper hand under oxygenated peptone treatment. The overall picture shows that both peptone and oxygenated peptone were useful for the qualitative and quantitative enhancement in the yield of chickpea under organic farming condition. Oxygenated peptone is more useful in this respect.