jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability in the regulation of gene expression in ten regions of the human brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Germ-line genetic control of gene expression occurs via expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). We present a large, exon-specific eQTL data set covering ten human brain regions. We found that cis-eQTL signals (within 1 Mb of their target gene) were numerous, and many acted heterogeneously among regions and exons. Co-regulation analysis of shared eQTL signals produced well-defined modules of region-specific co-regulated genes, in contrast to standard coexpression analysis of the same samples. We report cis-eQTL signals for 23.1% of catalogued genome-wide association study hits for adult-onset neurological disorders. The data set is publicly available via public data repositories and via http://www.braineac.org/. Our study increases our understanding of the regulation of gene expression in the human brain and will be of value to others pursuing functional follow-up of disease-associated variants.
Fundamentals and the Volatility of Real Estate Prices in China: A Sequential Modelling Strategy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In a similar way to the stock market, the housing market in China has often been portrayed as highly speculative, giving rise to ¡°bubble¡± concerns. Over the last decade, residential prices increased every year on average by double digits in Beijing or Shanghai (Deng, Gyourko and Wu, 2012). However many observers and researchers argue that the fundamentals of the housing sector, both sector-specific and macroeconomic, may have been the driving force behind housing price volatility. While existing empirical work exclusively relies on downward-biased official housing prices, this paper uses original high-frequency unit level residential price series for Beijing and Shanghai to test alternative hypotheses about the drivers of house price growth. We propose a sequential research strategy including the construction of hedonic prices, explosive unit root tests (Phillips, Shi and Yu, 2014), the filtering of microstructure noise (Bollerslev et al. 2015) and a Mixed Data Sampling (MIDAS) methodology (Ghysels et al, 2007; Engle et al., 2013) which enables us to document that fundamentals can indeed account for movements in housing price volatility, as well as transaction volume in first©\tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai.
Autoimmune Thyroiditis Shifting from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis to Graves’ Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 15–20% of cases, Graves’ disease (GD) shifts to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), while the shift from HT to GD is rare. We present a case of a patient in whom HT shifted to GD, along with a literature review. A 50-year-old woman with myxedema was diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease due to hypothyroidism and the presence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb); she also had thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) without any signs of GD. Although thyroid hormone replacement therapy improved her thyroid function, 2 months later, hyperthyroidism appeared and did not improve after discontinuation of the replacement therapy. The patient was diagnosed with GD, which improved with antithyroid agent administration. To date, only 50 cases regarding conversion from HT to GD have been reported. The median age is 44 years (range, 23–82 years), and the median time of conversion is 7 years (range, 0.1–27 years). The male-to-female ratio of HT conversion to GD is 1:9, closer to that of regular GD (1:10) than that of general HT (1:18). All patients received thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism due to HT. Continuous evaluation of TSAb levels is recommended in HT, particularly in cases of TSAb-positive and those under replacement, since it may help predict conversion to GD. Evaluating the clinical characteristics of patients with HT preceding GD is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce the risk of adverse events.
Performance evaluation of Gurez sheep in farmer’s flocks—A threatened sheep breed of Kashmir

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gurez is an indigenous breed of sheep native to the Gurez Valley of J&K, India. Despite being a unique genetic resource, this breed is largely unexplored and meagre studies have been conducted on it. Hence, a comprehensive study was conducted to study the breed in its native breeding tract. Data on growth, wool, reproduction and morphometric traits of Gurez sheep maintained under farmers' flocks in its native tract were recorded and analyzed for performance evaluation as well as the farming practices in that area with regards to the breed. Screening for parasites and brucellosis, blood biochemistry and mineral profile were also conducted. This triple purpose breed produces milk, meat as well as apparel quality wool. The average values for wool traits were 76.12, 28.31, 4.42, 5.35 and 8.18 for clean wool yield (CWY) (%), fibre diameter (FD) (Î¼), staple length (SL) (cm), crimps per cm (NCPC) and medullation (%), respectively. The coefficient of variations % of these traits ranged from low to very high indicating that the traits had low to very high variability. The least squares mean for clean wool yield (%), fiber diameter (μ), staple length (cm), crimps per cm and medullation (%) were 77.07±0.33, 29.83±0.41, 4.80±0.17, 5.04±0.28 and 9.26±0.79, respectively. The sexual dimorphism was observed in favour of males with respect to all these traits. Age had non-significant effect on these traits in the present study. Black wool samples were having higher estimates of FD, CWY (%), SL and medullation (%). NCPC was higher for white wool samples. Conservation of this unique breed and its selective breeding is highly recommended. The incidence of Eimeria (37.50%) was found to be highest in the area.
[The management of intra-, and post-operative air-leakage].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The intra-operative air-lekage usually is found in the operation for emphysematous patients with insufficient separation of the lobar fissure. To those, thoracic surgeons should be careful on making a reasonable line of separation between two lobes. Moreover, after the lobectomy the wide lack of visceral pleura should be repaired absolutely by the various techniques. Postoperatively if the air-leakage would be severe, re-thoracotomy will be needed for the closure of the portion of the air-leakage.
Decision feedback equalization for MC-CDM with channel uncertainty

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of interference cancellation for MC-CDM when the channel is uncertain, i.e., not perfectly known. In contrast to the decision-directed schemes that iteratively improve a channel estimate, we study a simpler receiver that tries to allow for the uncertainty of a solely pilot-based estimate. For this, we first derive the optimal receiver for both OFDM and MC-CDM, which merges the two processing stages of channel estimation and data detection, and show that this receiver may be partitioned into a pilot-based channel estimator and a detector that incorporates the estimator's error covariance matrix. Such a decomposition suggests an error model on the basis of deriving a block decision feedback equalizer (BDFE) which utilizes the estimator's error covariance as a reliability information. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the error-aware BDFE.
Post-Keynesian alternative policies to curb macroeconomic imbalances in the Euro area

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we outline alternative post-Keynesian policy recommendations addressing the problems of differential inflation, divergence in competitiveness and associated current account imbalances within the Euro area. We provide a basic framework in order to systematically address the related issues making use of Anthony P. Thirlwall?s (1979, 2002) model of a ?balance-of-payments-constrained growth rate? (BPCGR). Based on this framework, we outline the required stance for alternative economic policies and then we discuss the implications for alternative monetary, wage/incomes and fiscal policies in the Euro area as a whole, as well as the consequences for structural and regional policies in the Euro area periphery, in particular.
ARBALEST: Dynamic Detection of Data Mapping Issues in Heterogeneous OpenMP Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

From OpenMP 4.0 onwards, programmers can offload code regions to accelerators by using the target offloading feature. However, incorrect usage of target offloading constructs may incur data mapping issues. A data mapping issue occurs when the host fails to observe updates on the accelerator or vice versa. It may further lead to multiple memory issues such as use of uninitialized memory, use of stale data, and data race. To the best of our knowledge, currently there is no prior work on dynamic detection of data mapping issues in heterogeneous OpenMP applications.In this paper, we identify possible root causes of data mapping issues in OpenMP's standard memory model and the unified memory model. We find that data mapping issues primarily result from incorrect settings of map and nowait clauses in target offloading constructs. Further, the novel unified memory model introduced in OpenMP 5.0 cannot avoid the occurrence of data mapping issues. To mitigate the difficulty of detecting data mapping issues, we propose ARBALEST, an on-the-fly data mapping issue detector for OpenMP applications. For each variable mapped to the accelerator, ARBALEST's detection algorithm leverages a state machine to track the last write's visibility. ARBALEST requires constant storage space for each memory location and takes amortized constant time per memory access. To demonstrate ARBALEST's effectiveness, an experimental comparison with four other dynamic analysis tools (Valgrind, Archer, AddressSanitizer, MemorySanitizer) has been carried out on a number of open-source benchmark suites. The evaluation results show that ARBALEST delivers demonstrably better precision than the other four tools, and its execution time overhead is comparable to that of state-of-the-art dynamic analysis tools.
Effects of PPAR‐γ agonists on oral cancer cell lines: Potential horizons for chemopreventives and adjunctive therapies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) activators have anti‐cancer effects. Our objective was to determine the effect of PPAR‐γ ligands 15‐deoxy‐D 12,14 ‐Prostaglandin J 2 (15‐PGJ 2 ) and ciglitazone on proliferation, apoptosis, and NF‐κB in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Methods NA and CA9‐22 cells were treated in vitro with 15‐PGJ 2 and ciglitazone. Proliferation was measured by MTT colorimetric assay and cell cycle analysis performed via flow cytometry, apoptosis by caspase‐3 colorimetric assay and poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage on Western blot, and NF‐κB activation by luciferase assays. Results MTT assays demonstrated dose‐dependent decreases after 15‐PGJ 2 treatment in both cell lines, and S‐phase cell cycle arrest was also demonstrated. NF‐κB luciferase reporter gene activity decreased seven‐ and eightfold in NA and CA9‐22 cells, respectively. Caspase‐3 activity increased two‐ and eightfold in NA and CA9‐22 cells, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest these agents, in addition to activating PPAR‐γ, can downregulate NF‐κB and potentiate apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
[The Waardenburg-Klein syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of Waardenburg-Klein syndrome associated with a Hodgkin's disease is reported in a 29 year old female. Such an association seems to be fortuitous. The authors discuss the dermatological aspects of this rare disease, particularly the disturbances of cutaneous pigmentation. Ultrastructural study of depigmented skin indicates the melanocytes are absent and precise the place of this depigmentation in the group of genetic abnormalities of skin pigmentation.
Health-related quality of life in relation to mobility and fall risk in 85-year-old people: a population study in Sweden

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Optimal mobility is fundamental for healthy ageing and quality of life. This study is part of a cross-sectional population-based study of 85-year-old people residing in Linköping municipality, Sweden. The purpose was to describe 85-year-old peoples' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to mobility and fall risk while adjusting for gender and body mass index. Data collection included a postal questionnaire, a home visit and a reception visit. HRQoL was assessed with EQ-5D-3L, mobility with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and fall risk with the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI). All those who completed the DFRI, TUG and EQ-5D-3L were included in the present study (N = 327). Lower HRQoL was associated with longer time taken to complete TUG and higher fall risk in both genders but not with body mass index. Women had higher risk of falling, took a longer time to complete TUG and reported less physical activity compared with men. Health-care professionals should address mobility capacity and fall risk in order to maintain quality of life in elderly people. This is of utmost importance, especially for elderly women because impaired mobility, high risk of falling and occurrence of pain are common among women, and related to lower HRQoL.
Exact logistic regression: an extension of Barnard's approach for continuous covariates.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Logistic regression is commonly used to analyze observational studies when the outcome (dependent variable) is dichotomous. For studies with a large sample size or relatively few parameters, unconditional maximum likelihood is the preferred method for parameter estimation. However, for unbalanced studies, matched studies and those with many parameters, unconditional maximum likelihood methods are not recommended; instead, exact methods are preferred. Two major methodologies are available for comparing binomial proportions in the context of contingency tables, those based on a conditional (e.g., Fisher’s exact test) or on an unconditional (Barnard [1]) approach. Here we propose a generalization of the unconditional approach which allows calculation of exact p‐values for logistic regression. The method, as implemented here, is actually conditional on the observed number of cases, but not on the sucient statistics for parameters other than the intercept. We prove that the test size does not exceed the nominal level under the null hypothesis of no disease‐exposure association, when controlling for additional covariates some of which may be continuous and assuming the logistic model is appropriate. A small simulation study suggests that this unconditional approach can, in at least some circumstances, have better power than the corresponding exact conditional
Evaluating the nature of food served in selected prisons in Kenya.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Catering in Kenyan prisons is an issue of great concern to the government and the entire society as it results in an increase in bad health and hardening of the behaviour of prisoners. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nature of food served in Kenyan prisons. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling were used to select five prisons in Kenya and the research respondents respectively. The prisons selected were Eldoret men, Ngeria, Eldoret women, Kamiti Maximum and Langata Maximum women prisons. The sampling frame comprised of a population of 5,830 prisoners. A sample size of 387 prisoners was used in the study. Data collection instruments included structured questionnaires, participant observation schedules and conversations. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the prescribed menus were not served and that the nature of food was undesirable and lacked any flavouring ingredients. The conclusion was that the quality of food served was poor hence, the need to overhaul and revamp the Prisons catering services. In addition, the Kenya Prisons Service Department need to urgently set up a catering department to professionally monitor the management of catering services in all prisons.
A histopathologic review of nonsquamous cell malignancies of the cervix in Kano, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although recent studies suggest that there is rising proportion of cervical adenocarcinoma in most part of the world, there has been no formal study in our setting. We therefore undertook this review to document and evaluate the pattern in Kano, Northern Nigeria.Patients and Methods: This was a 10 year retrospective study from 2nd January, 2002 to 31st December, 2011 of all non-squamous cell malignancies diagnosed at the pathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Where necessary, new sections were made from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded blocks.Results: During the ten year study period, a total of 545 cervical cancers were diagnosed. Of these, 448 (82.2%) were squamous cell carcinomas and 17.8% were non-squamous malignancies. Out of the 97 non-squamous malignancies, adenocarcinoma was by far the most common. 52 (53.6%) were endometrioid type adenocarcinomas, while clear cell and mucinous variants comprised 12 (12.4%) and 6 (6.2%) respectively. Other carcinomas in this series were adenosquamous (10 cases), small cell (6 cases), adenoid cystic {3 cases}, undifferentiated (3 cases) and metastatic (1 case). There was only one sarcoma - a leiomyosarcoma. Patients ranged from 20 to 80 years (mean 48.30 ± SD 12.61 years) with the highest occurence in the 4th–6th decade age group.Conclusion: Non-squamous malignancies of the cervix comprised 17.8% of all invasive cervical cancers in Kano and adenocarcinomas were overwhelmingly preponderant. The study findings were consistent with most published reports in Nigeria and elsewhere. These malignancies were associated with high morbidity and mortality which necessitates data for health planning and policy decisions.
Photocatalytic application of magnesium spinel ferrite in wastewater remediation: A review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This review paper explores the efficacy of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminates (antibiotic and dyes). We report the influence of different doping strategies, synthesis methods, and composite materials on the degradation efficiency of these pollutants. Our analysis reveals the versatile and promising nature of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts, offering the valuable insights into their practical application for restoring the environment. Due to the smaller band gap and magnetic nature of magnesium ferrite, it holds the benefit of utilising the broader spectrum of light while also being recoverable. The in-depth analysis of magnesium ferrites’ photocatalytic mechanism could lead to the development of cheap and reliable photocatalyst for the wastewater treatment. This concise review offers a thorough summary of the key advancements in this field, highlighting the pivotal role of the magnesium ferrite based photocatalysts in addressing the pressing global issue of organic pollutants in wastewater.
Injectable Fillers in Aesthetic Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mauricio de Maio and Berthold Rzany, editors. Injectable Fillers in Aesthetic Medicine . 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer Berlin-Heidelberg; 2014. ISBN-10: 3642451241; ISBN-13: 978-3642451249. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-32447-X.

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As our concepts of facial aging and our understanding of facial anatomy evolve, we find injectable fillers and other nonsurgical strategies increasingly important as a complement to, or indeed a replacement for, surgery. The editors of Injectable Fillers in Aesthetic Medicine (a plastic surgeon and a dermatologist) have combined to create a second edition in which they set out to provide the reader with an overview of the most common biodegradable and nonbiodegradable fillers, as well as a guide to the common indications for fillers in the face and body. They succeed in these tasks while updating us on various changes in product availability and the modifications to their injection techniques. Although most of the …

Corresponding Author: Dr Janek Januszkiewicz, 243 Remuera Road, Remuera, Auckland, 1050, New Zealand. E-mail: jsj{at}plasticsurgeons.co.nz

[1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
SH2719755.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Diagnosis and management of two intrapelvic mislocated intrauterine contraceptive devices: A very rare case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI)International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.Aim of IJCRI is to encourage the publication of new information by providing a platform for reporting of unique, unusual and rare cases which enhance understanding of disease process, its diagnosis, management and clinico-pathologic correlations.
Effectiveness of oxfendazole against early and later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Twenty pony foals (reared worm free), 6.5 to 10 weeks of age, were inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris and allocated to 5 groups, each with 4 foals. One week after inoculation, 1 group of 4 foals was given oxfendazole (OFZ) at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight, another group was given 2 such treatments 48 hours apart, and a 3rd group was given a placebo. All treatments were administered by stomach tube. Three weeks later, foals were euthanatized and necropsied in a test for efficacy against early 4th-stage larvae. Oxfendazole was 80% and 94.9% effective against early 4th-stage S vulgaris with 1 and 2 doses, respectively. A 4th group of 4 foals was given 2 treatments of OFZ, 48 hours apart, about 8 weeks after inoculation, and a 5th group was given a placebo. These foals were euthanatized and necropsied 5 weeks after treatment in a test for efficacy against later 4th-stage larvae. Two doses of OFZ were 96.6% effective against later 4th-stage larvae.