jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management of toxoplasmosis in transplant recipients: an update

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The risk of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients mainly depends on the degree of immunosuppression, the tropism of Toxoplasma gondii for the grafted tissue, and the seroprevalence in the general population. Although transplant recipients with toxoplasmosis have a high mortality rate, there are neither well-defined recommendations nor a consensus for the management of this disease in these patients. Areas covered. This review focuses on the management of toxoplasmosis in transplant recipients and discusses the various strategies for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and follow-up in clinical practice. The literature search was conducted on publications in English and French using the search terms 'Toxoplasma gondii,' 'organ transplant,' and 'transplant recipients.' Expert commentary. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has greatly improved over the last two decades, but it is still a fatal illness. Non-specificity of the symptoms, resulting in a delay before diagnosis, and therapeutic failure are the main causes of death. The development of active treatments against cysts is one of the current challenges that will considerably improve the management of toxoplasmosis in transplant recipients by clearing chronic infection to avoid T. gondii reactivation.
Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of KINDLE-Vietnam Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

KINDLE-Vietnam was a part of a real-world KINDLE study with an aim to characterise treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Retrospective data from patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) between January 2013 and December 2017 with at least 9 months of follow-up were collected from 2 centres in Vietnam. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise demographics, disease characteristics and treatment modalities. Kaplan-Meier methodology evaluated survival estimates; 2-sided 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Inferential statistics were used to correlate clinical and treatment variables with median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS).A total of 150 patients (median age: 60 years [range 26-82]) were enrolled; 75.3% were male, 62.0% had smoking history, 56.4% had stage IIIB disease and 62.5% had adenocarcinoma. The majority of the cases (97.3%) were not discussed at a multidisciplinary team meeting. Overall, chemotherapy alone (43.3%), radiotherapy alone (17.0%), sequential chemoradiation (13.5%) and concurrent chemoradiation (12.8%) were preferred as initial therapy. Surgery-based treatment was administered in limited patients (stage IIIA, 10%; stage IIIB, 1.3%). Palliative therapy was the most commonly administered treatment upon relapse in the second-and third-line setting. The mPFS and mOS for the Vietnam cohort were 8.7 months (95% CI, 7.59-9.72) and 25.7 months (95% CI, 19.98-42.61), respectively. The mPFS and mOS for stage IIIA were 11.9 months (95% CI, 8.64-14.95) and 28.2 months (95% CI, 24.15-not-calculable) and for stage IIIB were 7.8 months (95% CI, 6.64-8.71) and 20.0 months (95% CI, 13.01-42.61).KINDLE-Vietnam offers insights into the clinical findings of stage III NSCLC. There is a high unmet need for identifying patients in the early stages of NSCLC. Strategies for improving clinical outcomes in this patient population include physician education, multidisciplinary management and catering to increased access to novel agents like immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
Enam Alasan Guru Menggunakan Metode Ceramah pada Mata Pelajaran PAI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Curriculum 13 requires the use of student-based methods. However, at SD Negeri 161/II Bukit Sari, it turns out that teachers tend to continue to use the lecture method. This study aims to determine the reason PAI teachers still use the lecture method, as one of the general methods in learning. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. To obtain data in the field which aims to describe and answer the problems being studied, and in the research process, the authors need to use data collection methods, namely the observation method by observation and the interview method consisting of Islamic religious education teachers, school principals, homerooms and students. To strengthen research data, researchers also take data through documentation. All interview data were analyzed by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and ending with the conclusion. The data validation technique was carried out by researchers using source triangulation, which was done by checking the data that had been obtained through several sources. The results of this study indicate that there are 6 reasons teachers still use the lecture method: First, the method used in schools is the lecture method combined with discussion, question and answer methods, and assignments. Second, this lecture method is an effective and easy method to apply. Third, the condition of the class during the learning process is conducive. Fourth, the facilities provided at the school are adequate, but if the student-based method is applied, it cannot run well because the media and other aids are not sufficient. Fifth, while using the lecture method students feel happy and easy to understand the material. Sixth, students' behavior and responses during the learning process are good.
Neurological complications and symptom resolution following Gamma Knife surgery for brain metastases 2 cm or smaller in relation to eloquent cortices.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gamma Knife surgery performed using a 20-Gy dose provides amelioration of neurological deficits from brain metastases that are < or = 2 cm in diameter and located in or near eloquent cortices in nearly two-thirds of patients with a low incidence of morbidity. Consistent with the surgical literature, higher rates of neurological complications were observed as proximity to eloquent regions and lesion size increased. There was no neurological deterioration in patients harboring metastases in noneloquent areas.
Constructing Spatial Representations from Narratives and Non-Narrative Descriptions: Evidence from 7-year-olds

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although narratives often contain detailed descriptions of space and setting and readers frequently report vividly imagining these story worlds, evidence for the construction of spatial representations during narrative processing is currently mixed. In the present study, we investigated 7 year old children's ability to construct spatial representations of narrative spaces and compared this to the ability to construct representations from non-narrative descriptions. We hypothesized that performance would be better in the narrative condition, where children have the opportunity to construct a multi-dimensional situation model built around the character's motivations and actions. Children listened to either a narrative that included a character traveling between 5 locations in her neighbourhood or a description of the same 5-location neighbourhood. Those in the narrative condition significantly outperformed those in the description condition in constructing the layout of the neighbourhood locations. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that whereas performance on the narrative version was predicted by narrative comprehension ability, performance on the description version was predicted by working memory ability. These results suggest the possibility that building spatial representations from narratives and non-narratives may engage different cognitive processes.
The Small Independent Agency: Commentaries in Organizational Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is not concerned with big federal regulatory agencies, nor with independent boards having separate taxing powers (like a school board or a special district) but rather with the concept of a growing phenomenon on the governmental scene: the "small independent agency". By "small" is meant small in terms of budget and number of personnel in comparison with the rest of the government of which it is a part. By "independent" is meant that the agency is responsible directly to the Chief Executive or to its own board, although we shall see that there are commonly some constraints upon this nominal autonomy. By "agency" is meant an instrumentality with the expertise necessary to perform specialized assignments which are regarded as outside the scope of existing organizational units.
A Methodology for Laser Speckle Simulation in Controlled Dynamic Processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of coherent light in imaging is the basis of several technologies that extends from nanotechnology, biomedicine, structural biology to metrology. Regarding laser speckle imaging in health-related conditions, in recent years several applications have been developed, emphasizing the potential of laser speckle as a functional imaging methodology, either used as individual methodology or in a multimodal imaging scheme. To assess distinct acquisition methodologies, several experimental protocols have been tested, but also new activity descriptors have been developed. These image processing derived descriptors are core to the speckle characterization in dynamic physiological conditions. Accordingly, the use of computer simulation algorithms to obtain the phenomena, avoiding acquisition noise is a research topic with great interest among the community, as a way to test the descriptors performance in a controlled way. In this work, a methodology for laser speckle simulation of dynamic processes is presented. The proposed algorithm allows controlling the way the process varies by setting a linear, quadratic, sinusoidal or mixt behaviors, during the simulation period.
Glutamate Induced Apoptosis of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats and Its Effects on Transcription of Smac Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To determine whether glutamate could induce apoptosis of rats bone marrow stem-cells(BMSCs),and explore whether Smac gene was involved in the apoptosis of BMSCs.Methods Primary cultured rats BMSCs were incubated.BMSCs survival rate was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay;Apoptotic cells were counted by flow cytometry following PI/Annexin-V staining;reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect Smac mRNA levels in BMSCs at 24 h after induction of 30 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L glutamate.Results In comparison to the control group,the apoptotic rate of glutamate induced group increased(P0.05),and the percent of apoptotic cells increased with the increase of glutamate concentration.It was found by RT-PCR method that BMSCs Smac gene expression increased in comparison to the control group(P0.05) and the expression of Smac gene increased with the increase of glutamate concentration.Conclusions The apoptosis of BMSCs can be significantly induced by glutamate.Its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Smac gene.
Influences of Pheromone Dispenser and Trap Placement on Trapping Carpenterworm1Moths in North Dakota and Mississippi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Influences of Pheromone Dispenser and Trap Placement on Trapping Carpenterworm Moths in North Dakota and Mississippi Get access M. E. Dix, M. E. Dix 3 Research Entomologist, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, located at the Forest Service Shelterbelt Laboratory, Bottineau, ND; Station's central headquarters is maintained at Fort Collins, in cooperation with Colorado State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. D. Solomon, J. D. Solomon 4 Entomologisl, Foresl Service Soulhern Hardwoods Laboratory, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Doolittle R. E. Doolittle 5 Orgartic Chemist, Insect Attractants Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Gainsville, FL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 8, Issue 2, 1 April 1979, Pages 322–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/8.2.322 Published: 01 April 1979 Article history Received: 17 August 1977 Published: 01 April 1979
Could muscle Damage Affect Postural Control After Treadmill Running at Individual Aerobic and Anaerobic Threshold?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: The aim was to verify whether muscle damage induced by treadmill running at individual ventilatory threshold (IAT) and individual anaerobic threshold (IVT) could affect postural control. METHODS: 18 soccer players (21.8 ± 1.4 yrs) performed a pre-session test to depict the IAT and IVT during an incremental treadmill running test; and an experimental session to assess subjects' body sway and venous blood sample before and after a 30min treadmill running at IAT and IVT. Body sway assessed by mean radius (MR) and mean velocity (MV) of foot pressure center, was evaluated by posturografic tests performed before (pre) and immediately after (post) run with eyes open and eyes closed. Creatine kinase (CK) glutamate oxalate transaminase, (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), were assessed as indicators of muscle damage. RESULTS: For all the dependent variables, also the percentage of variation (post-pre) was calculated. CK and GOT were significantly affected by intensity (IAT vs IVT; p<0.01). Analysing absolute values of CK and GOT, muscle damage occurred both after IVT and IAT (p<0.01). Postural control was significantly affected by intensity (MR, p=0.05; MV, p<0.01), vision (MV, p<0.05), and interaction between intensity and vision (MR, p=0.05). MV was significantly affected by intensity (p<0.01) and vision (p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between serum enzymes and body sway parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study showed that a 30 min treadmill running performed at IVT and IAT can induce significant variations in both serum enzymes and body sway, the low muscle damage is no directly related to body sway.
Liver transplantation in patients with sickle cell disease: possible but challenging—a cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The liver is frequently affected in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but few reports have described liver transplantation (LT) in patients with SCD. We present a thorough analysis of the largest single-center series of LT in patients with SCD and the first systematic review. There were 21 patients with a median age of 37.6 years. LT was performed for acute liver failure related to the sickling process (57%) or electively for end-stage liver disease (43%). Prior to LT, 13 patients (62%) were in the intensive care unit and required mechanical ventilation (33%), vasopressor therapy (24%), renal replacement therapy (10%), or molecular adsorbent recirculating system therapy (19%). Post-LT morbidity and mortality were 95% and 33%, respectively. Patient survival at 1 and 5 years were 58.3% and 41.7%, respectively, in the urgent group and 88.9% and 77.8%, respectively, in the elective group. A total of 22 transplant patients with SCD are described in 20 articles in the literature. The 1- and 5-year patient survival rates for the 18 evaluable patients were 75% and 65%, respectively. LT improves survival in patients with SCD and acute liver failure or end-stage liver disease but is associated with high morbidity during the early postoperative course.
A Study of Friction Stir Welding of High Density Polyethylene

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Friction stir welding of high density polyethylene sheets was performed at different rotational and welding speeds and the material temperature close to the welding zone was monitored by infrared thermography and thermocouple measurements. Welding quality was evaluated by macrostructure analysis and tensile testing. Fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens were also analyzed. It was found that weld quality is highly dependent on the temperature of the material in the welding zone. For some specific welding conditions the welding process was unstable due to elevated temperatures reaching the melting point of HDPE. Instability of the welding processes was characterized by cyclic material temperatures and down forces. Decreasing the welding speed and increasing the rotational speed was found to improve weld quality.
European Workshop On Photocathodes for Particle Accelerator Application 2024 - Summary of Oral Contributions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Samaai, Toufiek, Janson, Liesl, Kelly, Michelle (2012): New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae). Zootaxa 3395: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.212619
Functional analysis of single mir172 mutants LDs and SDs.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Schematic depicting the structure of a representative “reference” miR172 precursor and the mutant forms generated using CRISPR-Cas-9 DNA editing. The orange, red, and green bars represent the coding sequences for miR172, miR172*, and the biogenesis site required for DCL1 cleavage, respectively. Truncation of these bars and opaque sections of the mutant mir172 precursor indicates the regions that were deleted via CRISPR-Cas-9 in <i>mir172a-2</i>, <i>mir172b-3</i>, <i>mir172c-1</i>, <i>mir172d-2</i>, and <i>mir172e-1</i>. (B) A graph depicting the TLN of first generation transformants in a Col-0 background harboring a T-DNA containing only the UBQ10pro-3′OCS promoter-terminator cassette or expressing reference Col-0 or mutated versions of the indicated MIR172 gene under the control of the UBQ10pro-3′OCS cassette. (C, D) Graphs depicting the TLN and bolting times of WT and plants harboring single mir172 mutations in (C) LD and (D) SD conditions. Data underlying panels B–D are provided in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001043#pbio.3001043.s018" target="_blank">S2 Data</a>. (E–G) Confocal laser scanning micrographs of the shoot apices of (E) MIR172A-NVG, (F) MIR172B-NVG, and (G) MIR172D-NVG transgenic plants grown in SD conditions and harvested at the indicated times after germination. Fluorescence from the Venus protein is artificially colored in green, and the fluorescence from the Renaissance dye is artificially colored in magenta. Cas-9, CRISPR associated protein-9; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; LD, long-day; NVG, NLS-Venus-GUS; SD, short-day; TLN, total leaf number; WT, wild-type.</p>
The limitations of extant theories of nuclear proliferation to explain the case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Theories of nuclear weapons proliferation cannot fully account for the nuances of certain cases because proliferation is a complex process involving numerous variables, the importance of which can potentially shift across time. This seems especially true when applied to the case of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) where motivations have shifted in relevance numerous times in its proliferation history. In order to investigate this, this thesis reviews extant theories of nuclear proliferation and their ability to explain the case of the DPRK by critically examining its historical nuclear progress and nuclear weapons ambitions across time. The result is that indeed, proliferation theories are ill-equipped to completely account for the DPRK’s nuclear choices. The DPRK has ostensibly been motivated by numerous variables at different times, each having varying degrees of influence, inexplicable for mono-causal and often western and ethno-centric accounts of its proliferation motivations.
Efficient Statistical Models For Detecting And Analyzing Human Genetic Variations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In recent years, the advent of genotyping and sequencing technologies has enabled human genetics to discover numerous genetic variants. Genetic variations between individuals can range from Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to differences in large segments of DNA, which are referred to as Structural Variations (SVs), including insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs). Genetic variants play an important role in regulating human diseases and traits.I first propose an efficient genotyping method which can accurately report the genotypes of thousands of individuals over a high-density SNP map at low cost. This method utilizes pooled sequencing technology and imputation. A probabilistic model, CNVeM, is then developed to detect CNVs from High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) data. I demonstrate by experiment that CNVeM can estimate the copy numbers and boundaries of copied regions more precisely than previous methods. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered numerous individual SNPs involved in genetic traits. However, it is likely that complex traits are influenced by interaction of multiple SNPs. I propose a two-stage statistical model, TEPAA, to reduce computational time greatly while maintaining almost identical power to the brute force approach which considers all possible combinations of SNPs. The experiment on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort data shows that TEPAA achieved 63 times speedup.Another drawback of GWAS is that rare causal variants will not be identified. Rare causal variants are likely to have been introduced in a population recently and are likely to be in shared Identity-By-Descent (IBD) segments. I propose a new test statistic to detect IBD segments associated with quantitative traits. I make a connection between the proposed statistic and linear models so that it does not require permutations to assess the significance of an association. In addition, the method can control for population structure by utilizing linear mixed models.
Quantitative Imaging of Morphogen Gradients in Drosophila Imaginal Discs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells at different positions in a developing tissue receive different concentrations of signaling molecules, called morphogens, and this influences their cell fate. Morphogen concentration gradients have been proposed to control patterning as well as growth in many developing tissues. Some outstanding questions about tissue patterning by morphogen gradients are the following: What are the mechanisms that regulate gradient formation and shape? Is the positional information encoded in the gradient sufficiently precise to determine the positions of target gene domain boundaries? What are the temporal dynamics of gradients and how do they relate to patterning and growth? These questions are inherently quantitative in nature and addressing them requires measuring morphogen concentrations in cells, levels of downstream signaling activity, and kinetics of morphogen transport. Here we first present methods for quantifying morphogen gradient shape in which the measurements can be calibrated to reflect actual morphogen concentrations. We then discuss using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to study the kinetics of morphogen transport at the tissue level. Finally, we present particle tracking as a method to study morphogen intracellular trafficking.