jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging by estimating the measurable diffusion coefficient in Hodgkin lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: to determine whether the measurable diffusion coefficient (MIC) may be used to differentiate normal and lymphomatosisaltered lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).Material and methods. Whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to compare the MICs of LNs in 27 apparently healthy individuals and 41 patients with a verified diagnosis of HL.Results. Construction of 95% confidence intervals showed that the MICs of normal LNs were in the range of 1.00 to 1.73× ×10-3 mm2/sec and significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of lymphomatosis-affected LNs (MIC, 0.59 to 0.94×10-3 mm2/sec). The cut-off point (for discretization) of normal and lymphomatosis-altered LNs was in the range of 0.94 to 1.00×10-3 mm2/sec. Consequently, the LN with a MIC of less than 0.94×10-3 mm2/sec may be thought of as affected by the lymphomatous process.Conclusion. MIC calculation permits differentiation of normal and affected LNs having equal signal characteristics (including those on diffusion-weighted MR images).
Appliance usage prediction using a time series based classification approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy management for residential homes and offices require the prediction of the usage(s) or service request(s) of different appliances present in the house. The hardware requirement is more simplified and practical if the task is only based on energy consumption data and no other sensors are used. The proposed model tries to formalize such an approach using a time-series based multi-label classifier which takes into account correlation between different appliances among other factors. In this work, prediction results are shown for 1-hour in the future but this approach can be extended to predict more hours in the future as per the requirement(with restrictions). The learned models and decision tree showing the important factors in the input information is also discussed.
CONTENT FRAMING OF BILINGUAL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN’S INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to reveal theoretical, methodical as well as organizational principles of content framing of bilingual process development of primary school-aged children’s intellectual abilities. The study draws attention to the functions and features of the process, bilingual system’s content and structure and scope of bilingual system of intellectual abilities development. The author defines fundamental principles of content framing of intellectual abilities development, content components of intellectual abilities development, developments stages and task types that contribute to implementation of the above-mentioned stages. Having carried out the research, the author draws the conclusion that to develop bilinguals’ intellectual abilities one should implement a bilingual task system aimed at developing intellectual abilities that comprises lingual, scope (intellectual and creative) and personality (developing) components as well as a set of class fragments that show the use of task system that enables to gradually complicate the tasks both in general and within each stage.
PENGGUNAAN E-MODUL BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL PANTURA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN LOGIS PADA SISWA AUTIS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the effectiveness of interactive e-modules based on Pantura local wisdom in teaching animal and plant body parts to autistic students in a fourth-grade class at SDLB Sunan Kudus. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research utilized structured interviews with the class teacher and direct observations of classroom activities to gather data on the implementation of the e-modules and their impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. Findings reveal that these locally grounded e-modules significantly enhance the logical intelligence and problem-solving skills of autistic students by facilitating a more engaging learning experience that connects educational content with their local environment, thereby increasing motivation and participation in science education. The study highlights the necessity of using concrete and visual learning materials, as autistic students benefit from tangible resources that aid comprehension. Additionally, the integration of technology, such as voice recorders and interactive media, supports the learning process by making it more accessible and enjoyable. The results emphasize the critical role of culturally relevant teaching methods and the need for ongoing guidance and supervision to foster the academic and cognitive growth of students with special needs, contributing to the understanding of effective pedagogical strategies in special education and advocating for the incorporation of local wisdom and technological tools to enhance learning outcomes for autistic students.
Comparison of the clinical manifestations and cement distribution after percutaneous vertebroplasty between thoracolumbar Kümmell’s disease and OVCFs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background： Kümmell's disease is a chronic, non-healing osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs), which is associated with ischemic necrosis and vertebral pseudarthrosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect and distribution characteristics of bone cement in the percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) treatment between thoracolumbar Kümmell's diseases and OVCFs. Methods: A total of 70 patients with Kümmell ’s disease (K group) or OVCFs (O group) who underwent PVP surgery from February 2016 to February 2018 were included in this study. The follow-up time was 24-48 months. The course of disease was significantly longer in the K group than in the O group ( P =0.000). Most cases in the K group had no history of trauma, while most cases in the O group had a history of falls ( P =0.001). The vertebral compression rate and degree of osteoporosis were more serious in the K group than in the O group ( P <0.05, respectively). Distribution pattern, volume and leakage rate of bone cement, operation time, VAS score, ODI, correction rates of vertebral compression and kyphosis, re-fracture rate of adjacent vertebrae between the two groups were compared to assess clinical effect. Results: The amount of bone cement injected was significantly higher in the K group than in the O group ( P =0.025). The cement distribution pattern of local solid lump was dominant in the K group (65.71%), while intercalation with trabeculae was dominant in the O group (74.29%) ( P <0.001). VAS and ODI were significantly lower both in the two groups at the 1st day, 1st year and 2nd years after surgery than before surgery (all P <0.05), but significantly lower in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression in both groups were significantly improved ( P <0.05, respectively) and gradually lost with time ( P <0.05, respectively). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression were significantly higher in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). Conclusion: Kümmell's disease has a higher degree of disease progression and osteoporosis than OVCFs. PVP can better restore partial vertebral height and correct kyphosis in the treatment of Kümmell's disease, while can better alleviate pain and improve ODI in the treatment of OVCFs.
Analysis of Water Conservation Mechanisms in the River Source Area of Northwest Sichuan from the Perspective of Vegetation Cover Zoning

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper utilizes a localized Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to calculate the spatio-temporal distribution of water conservation in the river source area of northwestern Sichuan over the past 15 years. It explores the influence of climatic and topographic factors on water conservation under different vegetation cover systems (forest, alpine grassland, and plateau marsh) through trend analysis and correlation analysis. The study reveals an upward trend in total water conservation over the 15-year period, following a low–middle–high–low spatial pattern from east to west. Analyzing the correlation between precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), elevation, and slope with water conservation under three vegetation cover systems, the study found ET negatively correlated with water conservation depth, with correlation coefficients (Rs) of −0.69, −0.71, and −0.70, respectively. Precipitation and elevation are positively correlated with water conservation depth, with R values of 0.21, 0.24, and 0.14 and 0.23, 0.05, and 0.21, respectively. Slope is negatively correlated in forests (R = −0.19), but positively correlated in alpine grassland and swamp systems (R = 0.02 and 0.29, respectively). These findings highlight the significant influence of climate, topography, and subsurface factors on water conservation, offering valuable insights for precise water resource management and ecological protection in the study area.
Commodity price stabilisation: macroeconomic impacts and policy options

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A macroeconometric simulation study is undertaken to evaluate the impact of commodity price stabilisation (CPS) schemes for the export tree crop industry in Papua New Guinea. The findings suggest that there is a negligible level of favourable macroeconomic impacts of CPS. Contrary to the expectation, CPS adversely affects the stability of monetary and external sectors (BOP). CPS policy has failed to stabilise the macroeconomy. The price stabilisation policies are no longer appropriate from the macroeconomic point of view. Technical change, futures market and rural savings are the possible alternative policy options to manage the price risk.
Mapping And Positioning Of Learning Materials In Tourism Studies In Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: The debate about tourism science has entered a new chapter with the Declaration of Tourism Science on August 24, 2006 in Jakarta which states that based on various studies, tourism has met the requirements as a science based on the philosophy of science. Tourism has now developed into a subject of knowledge that deserves to be discussed scientifically to produce scientific knowledge (science). Purpose: the purpose of compiling study materials related to the existing science in the Tourism Study Program and determining the positioning of the study program compared to study programs related to existing tourism. This research is a follow-up to the determination of the nomenclature of tourism study programs in 2017 and 2019. Method: This research is located in a number of tourism destinations that have experienced different developments at each stage. The research will be conducted in the area of Bali Province as a tourist destination that has experienced a stage of development Results:. The development of teaching materials needs to be carried out systematically based on interrelated steps to produce useful teaching materials. Tourism in Indonesia has existed since the Dutch colonial era precisely since 1910-1920 with the issuance of a decree of the Dutch Governor General named VTV (Vereneiging Touristen Verker) the start of travel activities to the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia- present). The Field of Tourism Work according to the standard classification of Indonesian business fields (KLBI) in 2020 is included in the group of arts, entertainment and recreation. In general, the Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 257 / M / KPT / 2017 concerning the Name of the Study Program in Higher Education, study programs related to tourism are included in the group of applied science clusters. The scope of the study refers to tourism development efforts consisting of the development of tourism destinations, industrial development, marketing development and tourism institutional development. Related to the application of the scope of tourism studies, it is generally divided into 2 fields of education, namely vocational education and academic education. Conclusion : The scope of what study materials are used in learning tourism science in existing conditions is more about tourism planning, tourist trips and management of accommodation and restaurants. Tourism science consists of 3 main groups, namely policies, territories and tourism businesses. The scope is more about how tourists, local communities and tourist activities are carried out
Dynamic Weighted Round Robin Approach in Software-Defined Networks Using Pox Controller

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Load balancing is important in solving over-load traffic problems in the network. Therefore, it has been among the first appealing applications in Software Defined Networking (SDN) networks. Numerous SDN-based load-balancing approaches have been recommended to enhance the performance of SDN networks. However, network control could be more manageable in large networks with hundreds of switches and routers. The SDN is a unique way of building, controlling, and developing networks to modify this unpleasant situation. The major concept of SDN contains logically centralizing network management in an SDN controller, which manages and observes the behaviour of the network. Numerous load-balancing approaches are known, such as Round Robin (RR), random policy, Weighted randomized policy (WRP), etc. Every load-balancing policy approach has some benefits and detriments. This paper developed an advanced load-balancing algorithm, a dynamic weighted round-robin (DWRR), and ran it on the top of the SDN controller. Then we calculate the result of our proposed load-balancing approach by comparing it with the current round-robin (RR) and weighted round-robin (WRR) approaches. Mininet tool is utilized for the investigation, and the controller utilized as the control plane is named the POX controller.
Determining the power performance effect from modernization of power equipment and process systems at a nuclear power station

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The main stages of a calculation and experimental analysis of measures aimed at achieving better power performance of a nuclear power station and a procedure for carrying out such analysis are considered. The results of a calculated and experimental assessment of the power-performance effect from modernization of the moisture separators-steam superheaters used in turbine generators Nos. 7 and 8 of Unit 4 at the Leningrad nuclear power station are presented.
Frequency of blood transfusion and its products in Emam Hospital of Sari

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(Received 5 Oct, 2008 ; Accepted 6 Oct, 2007) Abstract Background and purpose: Blood is a life saving product and has no equivalent. Limitation time for storing and cost of typing and cross matched in respect of lab equipment and personnel, may lead to importance of proper request and use of them.Methods and materials: In a cross sectional descriptive study, 500 patients with elective surgery were participated. Variable and data collection were done with check list. Data analyzed with SPSS soft ware. The standard ratio of cross matched per transfused was less than 1/5 pack.Results: Results shown that of 500 patients, the blood transfused only for 80(%16) of them. The mean of hemoglobin for patients who have transfused were 12/4. The mean of hemorrhage for patients who have transfused were 822 milliliters and for the rest were 424. The whole products which used were, 325 packs and 15 units were platelet and the rest were whole blood and packed cell.Conclusion: In this study the ratio of cross matched blood with transfused was 4 packs higher than standard. Because of costs for storing, reservation, transport to hospitals, and costs of cross matched in respect of lab costs and staffs, the request of blood must be by real indication and exact needs. J Mazand Univ Med i 2008; 18(67): 91-95(Persian)
L'église catholique et le Congo « belge » : approche historico-juridique des relations institutionnelles (1885-1960)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

En 1980, l'Église catholique de la République démocratique du Congo (appelé le Zaïre à l'époque) célébrait le centenaire de l'évangélisation du pays. Aux actions de grâce à Dieu, était associée une vive reconnaissance du labeur apostolique, patient et avisé, des nombreux missionnaires, évêques, prêtres, religieux et religieuses du passé et du présent. Aux uns était reconnu l'amour du Congo au point de consacrer leur vie à initier les populations locales à l'Évangile, à les estimer capables de constituer elles aussi une Église locale et à préparer leurs Pasteurs. Aux autres le Pape Jean-Paul II exprimait, à Kinshasa, le 3 mai 1980, sa reconnaissance pour le bon travail qu'accomplissaient le clergé local et les catéchistes laïcs pour nourrir la foi des fidèles et maintenir la vitalité Église partout dans le pays.On le voit bien, la dimension des relations de l'Église catholique avec l'État est absente. Dans cette thèse, nous essayons de reconstituer, grâce à l'analyse des faits tant diplomatico-juridiques que historico-politiques, l'existence incontestée des relations bilatérales entre l'Église et le Congo dès la fondation de ce dernier. Pour nous, l'évangélisation qui est prise en compte jusqu'à aujourd'hui (c'est-à-dire la phase qui commença en 1880), est le fruit des efforts combinés de l'Église et l'État. Cela tient à deux raisons évidentes. Premièrement, Léon XIII, qui est le pape contemporain de la création de l'État au Congo, avait engagé les relations de l'Église catholique avec les États dans une perspective de sage union et de parfaite harmonie. La centralisation romaine de l'activité missionnaire, tout en jugulant les méfaits du droit de patronat, ouvrait l'Eglise à des ententes et à des accords bilatéraux avec les États des/dans les pays de mission. Deuxièmement, dans le cas du Congo, l'État du Congo, d'abord en gestation et ensuite pleinement constitué, avait toujours affiché sa volonté de s'allier avec l'Église dans l'espoir que leurs missions respectives (civilisatrice et évangélisatrice) portassent les fruits escomptés.Certes, les relations de l'Église avec l'État ont connu des moments d'incompréhension et de conflits. L'Église prit ses distances à un moment donné de l'histoire politique du Congo belge, pour des raisons évidentes liées à sa nature et à sa mission. Mais, l'histoire juridique de ces relations ne reconnaît pas l'existence de la rupture totale entre les autorités religieuses et les pouvoirs civils jusqu'avant la dictature du président Mobutu, vers les années 1974.
Blackstone's Guide to the Charities Act 2006

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

INTRODUCTION 1. The Meaning of 'Charity' Definitions The Meaning of 'Charitable Purpose' 2. The Two-part Test for Charity Charitable Purposes Public Benefit 3. The Charity Commission Establishment of the Charity Commission The Commission's Objectives, General Functions, and Duties 4. Registration of Charities The Register of Charities Registration of Charities Duties of Trustees in Relation to Registration Interim Changes in the Threshold for Registration of Small Charities Changes in Exempt Charities Increased Regulation of Exempt Charities General Duty of the Principal Regulator in Relation to Exempt Charities Charity Commission Duty Excepted Charities 5. Commission Assistance and Supervision of Charities by Court and Commission General The Existing Powers of the Charity Commission Changes in the Charities Act 2006 6. The Charity Tribunal General Introduction of the Tribunal Section 2A Legal Aid Practice and Procedure Draft Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Bill Costs Composition of the Tribunal Panels of the Tribunal Determination of the Appeal Exceptions to the Right to Apply or Appeal Determination of the Appeal Reviews Amendments References Appeal and References 7. Charitable Incorporated Organizations General Name and Status Conversion into a CIO The Charity Commission's Decision Conversion of Community Interest Companies Amalgamation of CIO with Another CIO Objects Clauses Transfer of CIO's Undertakings Further Provisions on a Winding Up Miscellaneous Draft Regulations Concerning CIOs 8. Charity Trustees General Trustees may Provide Services to a Charity Under Contract Conditions to be Met when Contracting with a Charity Trustees, Auditors, and Personal Liability for Breach of Trust Trustees' Indemnity Insurance 9. Fundraising for Charitable, Benevolent, or Philanthropic Institutions General Public Charitable Collections Other Charitable Appeals Public Collections Certificates Short-term Local Collections Applying for Public Collections Certificates Withdrawal or Variation of Certificates Applications for Permits to Conduct Collections in Public Places Determination of Applications and the Issue of Permits Amendments to the Existing Provisions 10. Transfer of Property and Mergers General Transfers Permanent Endowment Mergers Cy-pres 11. Implementation and Conclusion APPENDIX Appendix 1: Charities Act 2006 Appendix 2: The Charity Commission's Approach to Public Benefit Appendix 3: Charities Act 2006: Implementation Plan
TOURIST VILLAGE MULTIPLIER EFFECT STUDIES: SMALL SCALE APPROACH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the Study: Tourism stakeholders and academics have begun to question the benefits of developing tourism in rural areas. This study aims to identify tourists, tourism entrepreneurs, and employees' characteristics and measure the multiplier effect for local communities in Nglanggeran tourist village, Yogyakarta. Specifically, this study measures income generation (direct, indirect, and induced), employment generation, and the multiplier effect of both. Methodology: This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. Primary data collection was carried out by the non-participant observation method (for four months). While the technique of determining the sample size (100 tourists, 51 entrepreneurs, and 62 employee respondents) used is non-probability sampling, referring to the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%. Main Findings: This study found that local entrepreneurs can be categorized as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data analysis results show that tourism village had an important economic impact for local communities with a Keynesian income multiplier effect value of 2.57, 1.74 for the Income multiplier type I ratio, and 2.23 for the type II. While the employment multiplier value is 0.0000041. Implication/Applications: This study's results can answer doubts about the economic benefits received by local communities from the development of the Tourism Village. The originality of the study: This study is the latest research, especially considering the implementation of the multiplier effect formula on a small scale. However, this study has some limitations, such as the sample area used (Desa Wisata Nglanggeran) and the context of the tourism impacts studied. Further research is expected to reach other tourist villages and expand its studies to environmental and socio-culture issues.