jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Self-government for India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From H. C. Miller, 'Shaw on India's Demand', Hindu, 28 March 1946. H. C. Miller was a member of the London staff of the Hindu. When Labour came into power in 1945, the Attlee government was committed to independence for India; but there remained concern, both in India and Britain, about provinces having independence forced upon them without safeguarding of minority rights. By 1946 Jinnah had the overwhelming support of the Muslim League for the partition of India into Hindu and Muslim states. In March 1946 the British government sent a cabinet mission to Delhi to work out constitutional proposals with the Indian leaders. The members of the mission were Frederick William Pethick-Laurence, 1st Baron (1871–1961), Secretary of State for India and Burma; Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade; Albert Victor Alexander (Alexander of Hillsborough, 1st Earl, 1885–1965), First Lord of the Admiralty; and Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl (1883–1950), Field Marshal and Viceroy of India, 1943–7. Sir Stafford Cripps had led an unsuccessful mission to India in 1942.
Housing, COVID & Climate: Urban Social Housing Post-COVID Climate Change Mitigation and Redress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This short paper, draws on 40 years of research and advisory work, rather than a single, short-term, finite research project. It examines recent and current examples of urban housing policies, programmes and projects in a wide range of countries in both the Global North and South in its aim order to meet its aim to stimulate and contribute to the search for strategic approaches to the production, maintenance and management of urban low-income group housing; it examines the historical, geographic, cultural/political and economic contexts within which they are set, laying some emphasis on the prevailing existential threats to humanity caused by: (1) global heating, and (2) the pandemic pervasiveness of viral pathogen transmissions and their social, economic and legislative impact on physical settlement planning and management. Emphasis is given to distinguishing between ‘public housing’, for which all governing decisions are unilaterally made by relevant state agencies and institutions, and ‘social housing’, in which non-governmental beneficiary households and enterprises, communities and organisations are engaged in risk- and benefit-sharing partnership with responsible state agencies at all levels of the governance and management of affordable and accessible urban housing. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the urgency of need to build the capability of the extensive range of actors and stake-holders, worldwide and calling for the initiation and dissemination of successful policy approaches and their administration.
Iraq: A Compilation of Legislation Enacted and Resolutions Adopted by Congress, 1990-2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report is a compilation of legislation on Iraq from 1990 to the present. The list is composed of resolutions and public laws relating to military action or diplomatic pressure to be taken against Iraq. The list does not include foreign aid appropriations bills passed since FY1994 that deny U.S. funds to any nation in violation of the United Nations sanctions regime against Iraq. Also, measures that were not passed only in either the House or the Senate are not included (with the exception of the proposals in the 108 Congress and several relevant concurrent and joint resolutions from previous Congresses ). For a more in-depth analysis of U.S. action against Iraq, see CRS Issue Brief IB92117, Iraq, Compliance, Sanctions and U.S. Policy. This report will be updated periodically.
explore, Spring 2000: Justice and the American Jesuit university

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contents: Letter from the Director; Jesuit Activities in Focus: Justice and the American Jesuit University; Telling Tales: Unexpected Journeys into Interconnectedness; My Mother's Legacy: Trying to Make a Difference Through Teaching and Research; "I Am Only One, but Still I Am One": A Hunger for Justice; Why Do I Live In African Villages; The Gift of "Presence": Reflections on Jesuit Values in the Classroom; Teaching Compassion Philosophically; Spelling Justice in Sanskrit; My Journey into the World of Justice Research; Coming Events: Spirituality Series, Bannan Visitor; Next Issue
SH1495468.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Data Aggregation and Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used for a variety of applications, and sensor nodes (SNs) in these networks are employed to gather data. Unfortunately, there is significant data redundancy in the data acquired by these nodes due to overlap in the monitoring region that they cover, resulting in resource wastage. In WSNs, Data Aggregation (DA) and Data Fusion (DF) are utilized to address these issues as well as others such as energy usage, network longevity, and communication time between SNs. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly identify numerous DA and DF approaches, with an emphasis on their mode of operation, strengths, and limitations. The study investigated the various approaches, strategies, and protocols utilized in WSNs for DA and DF, as well as their applications, performance measurements, and implementation issues. This is meant to offer researchers with the insight they need to identify appropriate DA and DF strategies to use in their study. Security, redundancy, and energy usage were identified as three of the most important concerns in DA and DF approaches for WSNs.
Interdisciplinary Management of an Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Decision making for effective treatment of IPMN is complex and requires attention to detail by an interdisciplinary team with experience in the diagnosis and management of these tumors. Treatment must be individualized based on patient life expectancy in terms of remaining years and overall quality. Molecular profiling of these lesions may allow for more precise tailoring of treatment in the future.
Preservation probabilities : a quantitative analysis of Austin's historic gas station stock

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Though former gas stations are often environmentally challenged, they are frequently reused by small and local businesses because they are common and inexpensive. For this reason, many structures continue being maintained past their expected expiration date. This type of small scale, do-it-yourself preservation of former gas stations (despite strong incentives for their demolition) occurs regularly, and is important to document for several reasons.\nThe first is that this particular type of building is rapidly disappearing from the American landscape; the second is that it occurs without any explicit preservation incentives for gas stations at the city level, which cannot be said of many other types of historic preservation; the third is that there are simply not enough studies on the successful adaptive reuse and continued maintenance of existing buildings, let alone categories of mass-produced buildings, through time. To avoid contributing to an endless cycle of construction waste, it is important to spend time thinking about how we can reuse aspects of our urban environment that are already in place, particularly common and low road buildings such as gas stations.\nThis text uses underground storage tank data to identify and categorize existing historic gas stations (1910-1965). It analyzes survival and reuse rates of this building type, and identifies connections between locational and site variables and four categories of use: continued existence as a gas station, vacancy or abandonment, auto-related adaptive reuse, and other types of adaptive reuse. These relationships are explored through statistical testing.\nThe overall goal of the paper is to provide data that can aid in policy formation and programmatic planning for these sites. There are three key findings in this paper: 1 There are indeed statistically significant relationships between a building’s reuse type and its location and site properties 2. Age is a strong predictor of both building existence and reuse type 3. As in other US cities, gas stations are heavily reused by local businesses.
381 Effects of L-glutamate and L-aspartate supplementation on intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets challenged with F18 ETEC

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract L-glutamate (Glu) and L-aspartate (Asp) are pivotal components in the cellular metabolic pathways and immune regulation of pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Glu and Asp on systemic and intestinal immune responses of weaned piglets challenged with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18. Weaned pigs [n = 49; 8.18 ± 1.54 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments, with seven piglets per treatment. The treatments included negative control (NC) and positive control (PC) that were fed with control diet without or with ETEC challenge, respectively. The other five dietary treatments were supplemented with either 1% or 2% Glu or Asp, or 50 mg/kg of Carbadox, and were challenged with ETEC. All pigs except for NC were challenged with F18 ETEC orally for three consecutive days at the dose of 1010 CFUּ dose-1ּ d-1. The study period lasted for 3 wk, with a 7-d adaptation period and 14 d post-inoculation (PI). On d 14 PI, jejunal and ileal mucosa were collected to analyze the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All data were analyzed with ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Among all treatments, pigs fed with carbadox showed greatest (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)10 in jejunal mucosa. Supplementing 2% Asp or carbadox had less (P &lt; 0.05) expression of IL6 than PC in jejunal mucosa, while supplementing 1% Asp had lowest (P &lt; 0.05) expression of IL6 in ileal mucosa. Pigs fed with 1% Glu had greatest (P &lt; 0.05) expression of IL17A and IL22, while pigs fed with 2% Glu had greatest (P &lt; 0.05) expression of IL23 among all treatments in jejunal mucosa. However, dietary treatments did not affect mRNA expression of IL17A, IL22, and IL23 among all treatments in ileal mucosa. Compared with PC, supplementing 1% Asp had greater (P &lt; 0.05) expression of MUC2, OCDN, and ZO1 in ileal mucosa. Supplementation of 2% Glu or 1% Asp had greater (P &lt; 0.05) expression of MUC2 in jejunal mucosa than NC. Among all treatments, pigs fed with 2% Asp showed greatest (P &lt; 0.05) expression of CLDN1 in ileal mucosa, while showed least (P &lt; 0.05) expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa. However, no difference was observed in expression of OCDN and ZO1 in jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate that dietary supplementation of Glu or Asp affected both intestinal immunity and integrity of ETEC-challenged weaned pigs with similar trends as the supplementation of carbadox.
Evidence for overlapping active sites in a multifunctional enzyme: immunochemical and chemical modification studies on C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The relationship of the active sites which catalyze the three reactions in the trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined with immunochemical and chemical modification techniques. Immunotitration of the enzyme with a polyclonal antiserum resulted in identical inhibition curves for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities which were distinctly different from the inhibition curve for the synthetase activity. During chemical modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), the three activities were inactivated at significantly different rates, indicating that at least three distinct essential residues are involved in the reaction with DEPC. The pH dependence of the reaction with DEPC was consistent with the modification of histidyl residues. Treatment of C1-THF synthase with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in significant inactivation of only the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, with the cyclohydrolase at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than the dehydrogenase. Inactivation of cyclohydrolase was biphasic at NEM concentrations above 0.1 mM, suggesting two essential cysteinyl residues were being modified. NADP+, a dehydrogenase substrate, protected both dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, but not synthetase activity, against inactivation by either reagent. Synthetase substrates had no protective ability. Pteroylpolyglutamates and p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamates exhibited some protection of all three activities. The p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamate series showed progressive protection with increasing chain length. These results are consistent with an overlapping site for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase reactions, independent from the synthetase active site. Possible active-site configurations and the role of the polyglutamate tail in substrate binding are discussed.
Possibilities of using different indices of insulin resistance in various subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective : to identify IR indices for diagnosing the GDM subtype. Materials and methods : carbohydrate metabolism (venous plasma glucose on an empty stomach, oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose with insulin determination), and lipid metabolism were assessed in 130 pregnant women. The following indices were calculated: HOMA-IR, QUICKI, Matsuda, McAuley, Belfiore, Gutt, Stumvoll, Avignon. According to the Matsuda index, patients were divided into subgroups: Group I — 45 pregnant women with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, Group II — 43 with GDM and IR, group III — 42 without GDM. Statistical processing was carried out using comparative analysis. Data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges of quantitative indicators in groups. Results: statistically significant differences in the severity of IR were obtained when calculating all indices. When calculating HOMA-IR, patients in group II showed the best results: group I [1.13 (0.85; 1.34)], group II [2.33 (1.76; 4.23)], group III [1.25 (1.01; 2.43)]. When calculating the remaining indices, differences were also revealed that demonstrate heterogeneity. Using the HOMA-B insulin secretion assessment index, it was revealed that patients with GDM without IR had the lowest score, while the results did not differ among other groups: group I [15.3 (11.1; 18.0)], group II [36.9 (19.4; 57.0)], group III [25.9 (20.4; 59.9)]. Conclusion: we studied the features of IR indices in pregnant women with different subtypes of GDM. Indices have been determined that allow differentiating different subtypes of GDM.
Structural Analysis of Liquid Chalcogen by RMC Modeling with a Dimer Molecule Model

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RMC calculations with dimer molecules as a basic unit were performed for liquid selenium and tellurium at several temperatures, and the structure models reproducing the neutron diffraction patterns were obtained. For Se, in order to eliminate the artificial 3-membered rings, a restriction limiting the bond angles was introduced. From the obtained structure model, the covalent bonds were determined and the network structure was analyzed. The local structure parameters, such as bond length, bond angles and coordination number, were also analyzed at each temperature. The distribution of the obtained parameters were reasonable. The branches of chains shown increasing tendency with increasing temperature.
Early Research on Insect Pests in the Russian Empire: Bureaucracy, Academic Community and Local Knowledge in the 1830s-1840s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the early history of agricultural entomology in the Russian empire in the decades before Russian universities and learned societies occupied centre stage in the intellectual life of the country. It aims to contribute to the ongoing discussions of historically contingent relations between ‘amateurs’ and ‘professionals’ in scientific research. It explores the social identities of those people who took part in the production and circulation of scientific knowledge, and argues that in this period Russian officialdom played a major role in these processes. The state officials' engagement with natural history originated out of a broader information gathering agenda, which was characteristic of the early- to mid-19th century. At the same time, the paper highlights the importance of provincial observers who were indispensable for providing field data for bureaucratic ‘inventorying’ of imperial resources. This dependency on local observers had far reaching implications, including the dissemination of the language and practices of natural history among wider audiences.
The Effect of Music Intervention on Anxiety and Pain During Cesarean Delivery: A Meta-Analysis of 1513 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common operations globally, with an estimated 18.5 million surgical procedures each year. Accordingly, music therapy has become a trendy possible solution in many clinical conditions and surgical procedures. However, most previous studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of music in reducing pain and anxiety in women with cesarean delivery. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate whether music intervention has a beneficial effect on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anxiety, pain, and vital signs in women with cesarean section. Method: We conducted a comprehensive search of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Central was conducted for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until August 2022. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) values in a random-effect model meta-analysis, using RevMan software. All the steps of this study were performed according to the PRISMA statement guidelines. Results: Thirteen RCTs were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 1513 patients. Our study showed that music was superior to control in terms of overall anxiety score (SMD = - 0.26, 95% CI [- 0.39, - 0.14], p <0.0001), postoperative pain (SMD = - 0.50, 95% CI [- 0.74, - 0.26], p < 0.0001), and the overall effect of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD = -1.58, 95% CI [- 3.11, - 0.04], p = 0.04). The overall effect did not favor either of the two groups in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate ((MD = - 1.87, 95% CI [-4.04, 0.30], p = 0.09), (MD = - 2.10, 95% CI [- 4.78, 0.58], p = 0.12); respectively). Conclusion: Ultimately, the current evidence supports using music to alleviate the anxiety and pain of women during and after cesarean sections. In addition, our analysis revealed that music has a beneficial effect on DBP and intraoperative heart rate over control in patients with CS. However, the music did not differ significantly from the placebo in preoperative anxiety, postoperative heart rate, as well as SBP. Future RCTs are recommended to confirm the efficacy of music in the preoperative period and vital signs among women undergoing cesarean section.
Protein Nutritional Quality of Traditional and Novel Cowpea Products Measured by In Vivo and In Vitro Methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Effect of processing on nutritional quality of cowpea meal protein was determined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Uncooked meal and meal which had been extruded at various temperatures and moistures; slurried, steamed, and drum‐dried (SDP); and hydrated to a paste and deep‐fat fried (akara) were studied. PER values of extrudates (1.81–1.97), and akara (1.89) were higher than those of raw meal (1.44) or steamed, drum‐dried paste (1.63). The saturation kinetics model showed similar trends but differences were not significant. In vitro digestibility was highest for extrudates (83–85%), intermediate for akara and SDP (82.8%, 81.2%), and lowest (77.8%) for raw meal. C‐PER/DC‐PER gave differing and contradictory results.
Genes required for B cell development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in a variety of genes can cause congenital agammaglobulinemia and a failure of B cell development. The currently known genes encode components of the pre–B cell receptor or proteins that are activated by cross-linking of the pre–B cell receptor. Defects in these genes result in a block in B cell differentiation at the pro–B to pre–B cell transition. A patient with a translocation involving a previously unknown gene, LRRC8, demonstrated a block at exactly the same point in B cell differentiation (see the related article beginning on page 1707). It will be interesting to determine whether the protein encoded by this gene interacts with the pre–B cell receptor signal transduction pathway or is involved in a new pathway.
Use of models to evaluate plasticity of oat agronomic traits and their association with environmental variables

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Trabajo presentado en el II Spanish Symposium on Physiology and Breeding of Cereals (II SEFiMeC), celebrado en Cordoba (Espana) el 6 y 7 de marzo de 2019.-- Organized by excellence network AGL2016-81855-REDT.