jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Heart Stiffening in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Causes of Severity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cardiomyopathy, characterized by heart stiffness, can lead to heart failure. This study aimed to investigate aortic stiffness in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) to better understand its contribution to disease severity. Methods: This case-control study compared 48 children with DCM with 96 healthy children over a 10-year period starting in 2011. Aortic strain, aortic stiffness index, aortic distensibility, and pressure strain elastic modulus were measured. These parameters, along with several echocardiographic measures, were compared between the DCM and control groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 18, with a significance threshold set at a P value below 0.05. Results: The participants included 57.6% boys, with 58.3% in the DCM group and 57.35% in the control group (χ2=0.014, P=0.905). The age range was 2 to 18 years, with mean ages of 11.08±4.63 years for the DCM group and 10.77±2.82 years for the control group (P=0.691). Significant differences between groups were observed in aortic distensibility (P=0.004), aortic stiffness β index (P=0.001), and pressure strain elastic modulus (P=0.004). Post-treatment analyses based on ejection fraction and fractional shortening cutoffs indicated no changes in elasticity parameters except for the aortic stiffness β index, which varied according to the Ross classification. Conclusion: Children with DCM exhibited reduced aortic strain and aortic distensibility, as well as elevated aortic stiffness β index and pressure strain elastic modulus
About the Lifespan of Peer to Peer Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the ability of peer to peer networks to deliver a complete file among the peers. Early on we motivate a broad generalization of network behavior organizing it into one of two successive phases. According to this view the network has two main states: first centralized - few sources (roots) hold the complete file, and next distributed - peers hold some parts (chunks) of the file such that the entire network has the whole file, but no individual has it. In the distributed state we study two scenarios, first, when the peers are ``patient'', i.e, do not leave the system until they obtain the complete file; second, peers are ``impatient'' and almost always leave the network before obtaining the complete file.
[Incontinence].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Incontinence presents an additional problem for a bedridden patient, among other reasons because incontinence increases the risk of perineal dermatitis. Recently evaluation scales have been drawn up which permit evaluating the effects incontinence provokes on the integrity of the skin and new products have been developed which act as non-irritating barriers and which permit professionals to visually inspect the affected area. These new products increase the arsenal of already known products and tools such as bed pans, catheters, etc. which professionals have at their disposal to control incontinence.
EXAMINATION OF SCHOOL HEADQUARTERS' PERSPECTIVES ON EFFECTIVE TEACHING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education; It is an open system that includes students, teachers, administrators, parents and auxiliary personnel for the healing and development of societies. Only if all parts of the system can work effectively and harmoniously together with these stakeholders can they reach their goals in the fastest way possible. In this system, teachers and students, who are one of the most important stakeholders for schools to realize their mission and vision, are undoubtedly the most effective factors for the realization of educational goals. This study was carried out in order to reveal the opinions of administrators at different education levels (kindergarten-primary school-middle school-high school) on the definition and characteristics of effective teachers. The study group of the research consists of 20 school administrators. As a data collection tool in the research, a form containing two questions was prepared for the administrators in the study group, as well as stating the level, gender and school type. Qualitative research method was used in the research. The opinions of the administrators, whose opinions were taken from different cultures and different geographical regions, were dominated by the view that teachers should constantly update themselves, keep up with the times, be fair and open to communication. Another common view is the implementation of pedagogical approaches and practices in student-teacher relations. This study was evaluated and interpreted in the light of the interviews.
Group Grievances & Civil War: Some Theory and Empirics on Competing Mechanisms, 1990-2017

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Recent scholarship forcefully claims that group grievances due to political exclusion and discrimination drive civil wars. This perspective argues that socio-psychological factors allow groups to overcome collective action problems. We argue that the grievance perspective (over)focuses on the <i>ends</i> and not <i>means</i>, which are critical to explain how groups survive state repression, allowing contention to become civil wars. We suggest that inclusive economic governance reduces investment in state-evading infrastructures for quotidian economic reasons. Our analyses show that group-grievance-generating political factors are poorer predictors of civil war compared with economic freedoms measured as free-market friendly policies and the private ownership of economies. These results are robust to several alternative models, data, and estimating method. Theory that ignores the <i>means </i>explain the main causes of costly violence only partially or mistake symptom for cause. Freedom and inclusiveness are intrinsically valuable and hard to obtain when violence is waged for narrower ends. </p><p> </p>
[Current conditions of gamete donation in France].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The current conditions of gamete donation in france. Law of bioethics and assisted reproductive technology legislation control gamete donation in France. Candidates for the gamete donation are still too few to date, not allowing to meet the needs of couples receiving gametes on French territory. This shortage leads to significant waiting times for these couples. The information provided to the candidates of gamete donation (oocytes and spermatozoa) is channeled through general practitioners as foreseen by the law. A good knowledge of recruitment rules for candidates and of the attribution conditions of the gamete donations allows the practitioners to disseminate the information and to support the recruitment of new candidates.
Ulcerative IgA vasculitis in the setting of warfarin therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis characterized by the presence of vascular immunoglobulin A deposition that usually presents as non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura. It primarily affects children and is less common in adults. The incidence of hemorrhagic necrotic skin lesions increases with age, similarly to renal involvement. Warfarin is a widely used oral anticoagulant drug that has rarely been associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis and allergic interstitial nephritis. We report a patient with HSP who presented with cutaneous ulcerative plaques and proteinuria in the setting of warfarin therapy. We would like to raise the awareness of this potential adverse effect of warfarin for prompt diagnosis.
Theoretical approach to Poisson ratio behavior during structural changes in metallic glasses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, various studies dealing with the relationship between the elastic constants and various\n\t\t\t\t of the macroscopic properties of metallic glasses have been published. Particularly, the correlations\n\t\t\t\t between the Poisson’s ratio of the glass and both the super-cooled liquid viscosity behaviour and\n\t\t\t\t the brittle-ductile transition have aroused much interest. In this work, we use a model developed by\n\t\t\t\t Knuyt et al. (1990 and 1991) based on a Gaussian distribution for the nearest-neighbour distance\n\t\t\t\t in an ideal uni-component metallic glass, in order to describe qualitatively the dependence of the\n\t\t\t\t Poisson’s ratio on changes of the atomic structure. The results are used to explain the experimental\n\t\t\t\t results obtained in structural relaxation and hydrostatic pressure tests of metallic glasses.
Investigations on the Impact of the Special Flavor Hop Variety Huell Melon on the Odor-Active Compounds in Late Hopped and Dry Hopped Beers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bottom-fermented and top-fermented beers, both either late or dry hopped with Huell Melon hops, and respective reference beers without late or dry hopping were subjected to a comparative odorant screening by aroma extract dilution analyses. On the basis of differences in the FD factors, 14 odorants were identified as hop-derived. Among them were ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, propyl 2-methylbutanoate, myrcene, linalool, and geraniol. Differences between late hopped, dry hopped, and reference beers were substantiated by quantitation. Results showed minimal transfer of myrcene from hops into beer. Moderate transfer was observed for propyl 2-methylbutanoate, geraniol, and linalool. Process-induced changes of ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and methyl 2-methylbutanoate were beyond a direct transfer from hops into beer, suggesting a formation from the corresponding hop-derived carboxylic acids by yeast. Spiking experiments revealed that linalool and propyl 2-methylbutanoate contributed particularly to the characteristic aroma of beers flavored with Huell Melon hops.
Sex, Recombination, and Reproductive Fitness: An Experimental Study Using Paramecium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of sex and recombination on reproductive fitness was measured using five wild stocks of Paramecium primaurelia. Reproductive fitness was measured by determining the total number of progeny per initial cell after 10 days, the interval between sexual events, in a standard laboratory environment. Among the wild stocks there were highly significant differences in growth rates, ranging from 37.5 to 45.8 fissions per 10 days. No F1 hybrid was as fit as the most fit parental stock, but no hybrid had as low a fitness as the least fit parental stock. Consequently, stocks with low fitness benefited by outcrossing, while stocks with high fitness produced the most progeny by mating with themselves. This relationship persisted in the recombination generation, even though recombinant classes left fewer progeny than did their F1 parent in all cases but one. Recombination produced genotypes of higher fitness than those of either parent only in the cross between the two stocks of lowest fitness. The increase in variance of fitness as a result of recombination was almost exclusively attributable to the generation of lines with low fitness. The fitness consequences of sexuality and mate choice are stock specific; some individuals leave the most descendants by inbreeding, others by outcrossing. For most crosses the short-term advantages of sex, if any, accrue from the fusion of different gametes (hybrid vigor) and not from recombination. Since the homozygous genotype with the highest fitness left the most progeny by inbreeding (no recombination), the persistence of conjugation in P. primaurelia is paradoxical. Future research directions which seem most likely to develop our understanding of sex include empirical studies of the extent to which the advantages of sexual alternatives are dependent on the environment and theoretical studies which explicitly explain the timing of sexual events (the length of time between meioses) and/or the advantages of interlocus hybrid vigor.
Fluvastatin Upregulates the Expression of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fluvastatin increases endothelial TFPI expression through inhibition of mevalonate-, GGPP-, and Cdc42-dependent signaling pathways, and activation of the p38 MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways. This study revealed unknown mechanisms of the anticoagulant effect of statins and gave a new insight to its therapeutic potential for the prevention of thrombotic diseases.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Adolescents: The Cumulative Effects of Polysubstance Use Behaviors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: The linkage between substance use and youth suicidality is less developed due to the predominant focus on certain types of substances (e.g., alcohol consumption, prescription opioid misuse). This study examines polysubstance use and its mutual impact on suicidal thoughts and behaviors among US adolescents. Methods: Data from 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were utilized. Associations between the concurrent use of five substances (cigarette, e-cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and prescription opioid) and suicidality (suicidal thoughts, suicide plans, and suicide attempts) were measured by logistic regression models. The combined effect of polysubstance use on suicidality was further assessed by structural equation modeling. Results: About two in five (42.1%) adolescents used at least one type of substances in the past month and one in seven (13.5%) used three or more types concurrently (polysubstance use). Adolescents with polysubstance use behaviors were three to five times more likely to experience suicidal thoughts (OR=3.8, p < 0.05), make a suicide plan (OR=3.5, p < 0.05), or attempt suicide (OR=4.6, p < 0.05) than non-users. In the final structural model, polysubstance use and suicidality were significantly correlated with each other (β=0.37, p < 0.05). Collectively, polysubstance use explained about 14% of variance in youth suicidality. Conclusions: Polysubstance use shows a significant impact on youth suicidality. School-based health centers and educational programs are recommended to reduce substance use and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Accessible mental health services and targeted treatments are needed for polysubstance users to mitigate their risk of suicide.
The anatomy of apparatus of motion (bones, joints, muscles). Nerves and vessels of extremities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The educational-methodical manual contains materials for practical training and final control of Human anatomy for Module 1.
Drawn up in accordance with the working programs on pharmacology chair, approved SSC SE Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy Health Ministry of Ukraine on the basis of a model program in human anatomy for medical students of III - IV levels of accreditation in the specialties 7.110101 - Medicine, 7.110104 – pediatrics.
In the Instructor's Manual, which contains 259 pages, contains a list of topics of practical lessons and topics of the first module to be submitted to an independent study. The manual section reveals the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system, and innervations and blood supply to the extremities. Each theme is built practical lesson plan and outline its imple-mentation.
The manual includes block diagrams. At the end of each topic contains the base tests for self-control. Meets all the requirements that relate to the teaching activities of this type is relevant and appropriate to the learning process as one of alternative textbooks in today's diversity of views and approaches to the process of studying anatomy.
A team of members of the Department of Human Anatomy State Establish-ment «Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine», developed manual
Red Clover Root-Associated Microbiota is Shaped by Geographic Location and Choice of Farming System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Red clover ( Trifolium pratense ), a crop constrained by weak persistence, is the number one forage legume in Northern Europe. Whether plant loss is a sign of an increasing number of known or new pathogens, a decreasing occurrence of beneficial soil microorganisms or other factors is unclear. Here, we collected red clover root samples from Swedish conventional and organic farming sites located between latitudes 55°N and 66°N and analyzed their prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities using amplicon sequencing. We compared the organism diversity, differential abundance, hub taxa and impact of Rhizobium on fungal pathogens in relation to geographic location and farming practices. Results We found that microbial biodiversity was lowest in samples from southern Sweden and on conventional farms. Rhizobium was the most prevalent bacterial genus, followed by Sphingomonas , Mucilaginibacter , Flavobacterium and the unclassified Chloroflex i group KD4-96. The Leptodontidium , Cladosporium , Clonostachys and Tetracladium fungal genera known for endophytic, ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic and mycoparasitic lifestyles were also frequently observed in all samples. Sixty-two potential pathogenic fungi were identified with a bias toward grass pathogens and a higher abundance in samples from conventional farms. To gain insights into the cooccurrence patterns of red clover root-associated communities, intrakingdom and interkingdom networks were constructed. Bacterial networks were dominated by known beneficial groups of bacterial species. The interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Aeromicrobium sp. was strongly positive in the north but negative in the south. Different co-occurrence responses were observed when fungal and bacterial data were combined, as exemplified by the interactions with Clonostachys rosea , a beneficial fungus that fluctuated in our dataset and was positively associated with species in Enterobacterales and Aeromicrobium in the north but negatively with species in the south. Conclusions We show that the microbial community is mainly shaped by geographic location and management procedures. R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii is a keystone species in samples from the northern region and Swedish organic farms. This Rhizobium species is negatively associated with all fungal pathogenic species recognized in this study. A number of previously unknown fungal species are identified, particularly those known to produce mycotoxins, which are of major concern for crop productivity and feed safety.
The degree of lymphocytic mitochondrial transmembrane potential and blood magnesium concentrations during coronary artery bypass grafting.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1) CABG with extracorporeal circulation was associated with a decrease of magnesium concentration in the blood and an increase of lymphocyte apoptosis intensity. 2) The decrease of magnesium blood concentration may increase the degree of lymphocyte apoptosis. 3) Lymphocyte apoptosis after extracorporeal circulation has a two-phase course.
Explaining Social Closure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter empirically analyses social closure using the new methodological, theoretical, and conceptual approach. It aims to make the explanatory logic of the new approach plausible. The logic of the explanation is developed in specific contexts of closure, focusing on the predominant structural resource(s) of power and critical event(s) that lead to new strategies of exclusion, exploitation, and elimination. It defines the principal strategy of the powerful in these struggles and analyses this strategy in terms of triggering social mechanisms such as denial of access and intervention into community closure. The chapter also discusses the effects of these mechanisms on four dimensions of life chances / chances of survival: resources, rights, networks/institutions, and communities. The analysis first explains exclusion in the context of neoliberal politics of marketization. Second, it explains exploitation in the context of an historically ongoing capitalism/slavery nexus. Third, the chapter explains elimination in the context of settler colonialism.
The Logic of NIMBYism: Class, Race, and Stigma in the Making of California’s Legal Cannabis Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores how not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) sentiments affect the implementation of new cannabis laws in California cities. Despite increasing legality and growing social tolerance, the actual status of cannabis remains controversial. Large segments of the population and local authorities remain uncomfortable with the use of cannabis and resist allowing cannabis facilities in their communities. I employ statistical analysis to understand why some jurisdictions move toward more permissive cannabis policies and others do not. The results show that, on average, socially and economically prosperous cities express higher support for cannabis legalization, but cannabis businesses are more likely to receive permits in cities that are socially and economically distressed. The disparity between demand (white middle-class communities) and supply (poor Hispanic communities) demonstrates that stereotypes generated by the war on drugs have not disappeared after the passage of new cannabis laws and continue to perpetuate the marginalization of disadvantaged individuals and places.
Letter from Alice E. Kober to Emmett Bennett Jr., June 3, 1948

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kober shares with Bennett her newfound confidence that both the Pylos and Knossos Tablets wrote the same language, discusses variant sign forms, tentative consonantal ascriptions and corrections. N.b., not sent on date, but enclosed with Kober's letter of June 7, 1948.
Replacement of 2′-Deoxycytidine by 2′-Deoxycytidine Analogues in the E. coli Genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several modified bases have been observed in the genomic DNA of bacteriophages, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes that play a role in restriction systems and/or epigenetic regulation. In our efforts to understand the consequences of replacing a large fraction of a canonical nucleoside with a modified nucleoside, we previously replaced around 75% of thymidine (T) with 5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5hmU) in the Escherichia coli genome. In this study, we engineered the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway using T4 bacteriophage genes to achieve approximately 63% replacement of 2'-deoxycytidine (dC) with 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5hmC) in the E. coli genome and approximately 71% replacement in plasmids. We further engineered the glucose metabolic pathway to transform the 5hmC into glucosyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-gmC) and achieved 20% 5-gmC in the genome and 45% 5-gmC in plasmid DNA.
A novel advanced glycation endproducts breaker restores cardiovascular dysfunctions in experimental diabetic rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM The formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on connective tissue and matrix components leads to increases in collagen crosslinkingthat contributes to aortic and myocardial stiffness in normal aging and which occurs at an accelerated rate in diabetes. In this study, we examined the effects of a novel AGEs breaker, C36, on cardiovascular dysfunctions in experimental diabetic rats. METHODS and RESULTS Male Wiatar rats were made diabetic by i.p. injection of 70mg/kg streptozotocin. After 12 weeks of diabetes, the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8-11),