jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glu-mGluR2/3-ERK Signaling Regulates Apoptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic-Depression Model Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objectives. Diabetes mellitus is frequently accompanied by depression (diabetes−depression, DD), and DD patients are at higher risk of diabetes-related disability and mortality than diabetes patients without depression. Hippocampal degeneration is a major pathological feature of DD. Here, we investigated the contribution of the Glu−mGluR2/3−ERK signaling pathway to apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in DD model rats. Methods . The DD model was established by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection followed by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Other groups were subjected to HFD + STZ only (diabetes alone) or CUMS only (depression alone). Deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory were assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM), motor activity in the open field test (OFT), and depression-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to estimate the rate of hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Hippocampal glutamate (Glu) content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Hippocampal expression levels of mGluR2/3, ERK, and the apoptosis effector caspase-3 were estimated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results . DD model rats demonstrated more severe depression-like behavior in the FST, greater spatial learning and memory deficits in the MWM, and reduced horizontal and vertical activity in the OFT compared to control, depression alone, and diabetes alone groups. All of these abnormalities were reversed by treatment with the mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495. The DD group also exhibited greater numbers of TUNEL-positive hippocampal neurons than all other groups, and this increased apoptosis rate was reversed by LY341495. In addition, hippocampal expression levels of caspase-3 and mGluR2/3 were significantly higher, ERK expression was lower, and Glu was elevated in the DD group. The mGluR2//3 antagonist significantly altered all these features of DD. Conclusions . Comorbid diabetes and depression are associated with enhanced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and concomitantly greater hippocampal dysfunction. These pathogenic effects are regulated by the Glu−mGluR2/3−ERK signaling pathway.
Effect of Sodium Chloride Concentration on Saturated Permeability of Remolded Loess

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Loess contains many sodium and chloride ions that can easily be leached when seepage occurs, thus affecting the mechanical properties of loess. This study investigated a series of sodium chloride solution concentrations to explore their influence on the permeability of remolded loess, as well as the underlying mechanism of such. The results indicated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of remolded loess increases with time in response to different sodium chloride concentrations, and the sample was more permeable with increasing concentration. Moreover, the salt effect promoted the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, and the cation exchange stimulated the leaching of other cations, thus leading to further structural loosening. Furthermore, the aggregation of clay particles increased, thus forming a larger pore space among aggregates and providing effective channels for permeation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for an improved understanding of channel degradation in the loess area of Northwest China.
Acculturation and adaptation : orientation program for exchange students.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This applied research paper attempts to analyze the problems faced by the exchange students in adapting to the local environment so that a more effective orientation program can be designed for these students to smoothen their transition process. For this purpose, two surveys were conducted; one to the exchange students and one to the universities worldwide. We also came up with a student handbook that incorporates more information on Singapore and NTU.
Effects of lime and gypsum on growth of sweet potato in two strongly acid soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There were strong relationships between exchangeable aluminium (Al) and relative top yield, and between soil pH and relative top yield in the Garret and Bisinella soils. Sweet potato plants produced maximum top yields at soil exchangeable Al &lt;3.0 cmol ((+)/kg, with a 10% yield reduction coinciding with a value of approximately 5.0 cmol (+)/kg. The value was lower for the Bisinella soil than the Garret soil. In the case of pH, maximum yield in both soils was evident at a soil pH of 5.0 with 90% of maximum yield being achieved at about pH 4.7. These results suggest that soil pH would be a good index for Al toxicity. The close relationships between sweet potato growth and both exchangeable Al and soil pH need to be explored further to determine whether it will hold across a wide range of acid soil groups.
Pulp and Paper Manufacture in Transition

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of pulp and paper production and technology is reviewed with special emphasis on its influence on the waste water discharge. The chemical pulping methods are in a rapid development phase, including novel processes as well as substantial changes taking place in the kraft pulping process. Due to the changing chemical pulping and bleaching practice, the chlorinated organic compounds in the effluent will lose their importance. Research should be focused on the effects of new contaminants introduced in chlorine-free bleaching, and on the natural substances occurring in wood that are causing the remaining toxicity of the effluent from both mechanical and chemical pulp mills. Enhanced recycling of post-consumer paper and board leads to an increased number of deinking plants with new types of discharges. Closure of process water loops are also expected in the near future, which may totally eliminate the process water discharges from modern mills.
A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Loss Experience in the U.S. Crop Insurance Program

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Patterns in loss‐ratio experience in the U.S. corn insurance market are investigated with a spatial econometric model. The results demonstrate systematic geographically related misratings and provide estimates of the impacts of several observable factors on the magnitude of misrating in the program. The model is used to estimate actuarial cross‐subsidizations across the primary corn‐producing states and counties. The impacts of the primary factors are substantial, resulting in net premium transfers of approximately 26 percent of total premiums annually. The misratings likely have important insurance demand, welfare, and land‐use implications.
Adaptive robust disturbance rejection backstepping control of a novel friction electro-hydraulic load simulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a novel frictional electro-hydraulic load simulator that avoids the problem of force-motion coupling disturbances in traditional electro-hydraulic load simulators. An adaptive robust disturbance rejection backstepping control (ARDRBC) is proposed to address the challenges posed by parameter uncertainty, external disturbances, and unmodeled behavior, thereby enhancing the system’s tracking capability. A new adaptive rule has been designed to address the uncertainty of mechanical subsystems through virtual control adjustments. A sliding mode control scheme based on immersion and invariance has been integrated into the practical control design of hydraulic subsystem to address the neglected dynamics. The stability of the entire system was analyzed using the Lyapunov stability. Comparative experiments were conducted to confirm the practicality and robustness of the proposed method.
Abstract 111: Endovascular Therapy for Mild Strokes: How Low Should We Go?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) is the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) with NIHSS ≥ 6. LVO patients may present with mild (NIHSS <6) but disabling deficits and were not well represented in RCTs resulting in a NIHSS cutoff of ≥ 6 on AHA guidelines. Milder deficits may not justify EVT risk-benefit ratio. To generate practice level data, we evaluated EVT treatment effect in mild stroke. Methods: A retrospective cohort from 8 USA and Spain centers of AIS with LVO in the anterior circulation with NIHSS ≤ 6 presenting within 24 hrs (1/12 to 3/17) was pooled. EVT patients were compared with those only treated with medical management (MM). 90 day mRS (0-1 excellent) was chosen as the primary outcome as an appropriate goal for mild stroke. Multivariable analyses compared the treatment effects and their interactions with NIHSS, both as an ordinal and dichotomized (0-3 vs 4-5) variable. Adjustment was made for age, time LSN to EVT center arrival, IV-tPA, occlusion site and ASPECTS. Within center correlation was accounted for. Results: 223 patients were included (EVT 105, MM 118). The two groups had similar baseline age (65.7 and 66.3 yrs, p=0.73), ASPECTS (9.4 and 9.3 p=0.53), %IV t-PA (39% and 36% p=0.65) and median (IQR) time mins to EVT center 156(66.5-301) and 212(90-387) p=0.09, EVT and MM respectively. There was no difference in outcomes (54.6% EVT vs 53.4% MM) when all patients (NIHSS 0-6) were assessed (aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.62-1.40, p=0.94); same for NIHSS 0-5 (55.1% EVT vs 55.6% MM), (aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.71-1.26, p=0.95). For NIHSS 0-3, MM had better outcomes (51.9% EVT vs 74.6% MM), (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.25-0.61, p<0.01). For NIHSS 4-5, results favored EVT (57.1% EVT vs 22.2% MM), (aOR 4.04, 95% CI 2.56-6.38, p<0.01). Fig 1, 2 show CIs of EVT and MM as related to NIHSS. Conclusion: Though limited by a non-randomized comparison, the data suggest a possible benefit for EVT in mild strokes with NIHSS 4-5. In NIHSS ≤3, the intervention had no additive benefit.
Role of bradykinin and prostaglandin EP4 receptors in regulating TRPV1 channel sensitization in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 (TRPV1) channels play key roles in chronic pain conditions and are modulated by different inflammatory mediators to elicit heat sensitisation. Bradykinin is a 9‐amino acid peptide chain that promotes inflammation. The aim of present study is to investigate how bradykinin and prostaglandin receptors (EP 3 and EP 4 ) modulate the sensitisation of TRPV1‐mediated responses. Calcium imaging studies of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were employed to investigate the desensitizing responses of TRPV1 ion channels by capsaicin, and the re‐sensitization of TRPV1 by bradykinin, then to explore the role EP 3 and EP 4 receptors in mediating these bradykinin‐dependent effects. Immunocytochemistry was used to study the co‐expression and distribution of EP4, TRPV1, COX‐1 and B2 in rat DRG neurons. Desensitization was seen upon repeated capsaicin application, we show that bradykinin‐mediated sensitization of capsaicin‐evoked calcium responses in rat DRG neurons occurs is dependent on COX‐1 activity and utilizes a pathway that involves EP 4 but not EP 3 receptors. Immunocytochemical techniques revealed that EP4, TRPV1, COX‐1 and B2 proteins are expressed mainly in small diameter (<1000 μm 2 ) cell bodies of rat DRG neurons which are typically nociceptors. The present study provides suggestive evidence for a potential signalling pathway through which bradykinin may regulate TRPV1 ion channel function via EP4 receptors. In addition to confirming existing knowledge, the anatomical distribution and colocalization of these proteins in DRG neurons as revealed by this study offer valuable insight.
Outcomes of Treatment With Long-Acting Buprenorphine Injection in Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder Attending a Rehabilitation Center in the UAE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a global burden with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard of care often includes integrated treatment programs combining psychosocial interventions and Medication Assisted Therapy (MAT) which includes methadone, Buprenorphine (BUP) and Naltrexone. BUP, a partial u-opioid receptor agonist, has shown to increase patient treatment retention, reduce relapse, and improve quality of life. BUP Oral formulations can be associated with misuse, diversion, and non-adherence. Despite availability, many individuals don't receive adequate MAT treatment or discontinue medications prematurely, substantially increasing their relapse risk. Subcutaneous Long-Acting BUP (SC LABUP) injectable formulations have been associated with improved access, less burden of adherence, and greater abstinence in OUD patients. From this perspective, the OUD program at Erada Center maintains affected individuals on weekly or monthly SC LABUP injections. Our study aims to evaluate abstinence and treatment retention in Erada Center patients who are maintained on LABUP injections. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals following at Erada Center from January 2023 until January 2024, who were maintained on weekly or monthly LABUP injection. 174 individuals were identified, with diagnosis of OUD as per ICD–10 criteria, and receiving LABUP injection during inpatient admission or outpatient follow up. Primary outcomes were abstinence period (defined as negative urine drugs test apart from q-BUP), and retention in treatment (defined as compliance with attendance with OUD program). These were assessed at three time intervals: 24, 36, and 48 weeks from taking the first LABUP injection. Results 174 individuals were maintained on LABUP injection. Participants were all males, aged 18–65 years old, and polysubstance users with opioids being their drug of choice. 70 patients completed at least 24 weeks and received at least 2 doses of LABUP. Out of those, 53 achieved full abstinence and retention in 24 weeks (75.71%), 32 patients achieved the same for 36 weeks (45.71%), 25 patients achieved the same through 48 weeks (35.71%). Reasons for being lost to follow-up included relapse, incarceration (military service or custodial sentence), or drop out for no identifiable reasons. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the UAE and Arab world looking at the outcomes of individuals with OUD maintained on LABUP injection. Results highlight a notable abstinence and retention rates as above. Further studies should look at reasons for relapse and loss for follow-up.
"Time to Take a Break"

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although often ignored, adult gamers, as with children and adolescents, can suffer from problematic gaming. This study explores the use of a built-in gaming gradual intervention system (G-GIS) designed to help adult gamers achieve their desired gaming habits in an autonomous and acceptable manner. In this study, we interviewed 26 heavy adult gamers (i.e., adult gamers who played frequently and for relatively long periods of time) of an online poker game using an in-built G-GIS. Then, we triangulated the interviewees' results with their real-world behavioral data collected over eight months to explore how demographics, attitudes, and contextual factors influenced their use of the G-GIS. The results indicate that family and occupation demographics play key roles in determining adult gamers' gaming habits and their self-control under G-GIS intervention. We also revealed that adult gamers' attitudes and contextual factors can facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of the G-GIS. The findings of this study extend our understanding of heavy adult gamers and reveal how a G-GIS influences adult gamers at the individual level, which can be applied in the design of future game intervention systems, particularly for adult gamers.
CAN RADIATION AND CHEMICAL RISK MANAGEMENT BE HARMONIZED?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important challenges facing risk mangers in the coming decades is the joint management of chemical and radiological wastes. Born out of different traditions, radiation and chemical risk approaches can differ sharply. Radiation protection generally focuses on establishing effective dose levels across media and utilizes an approach that incorporates the philosophy of ALARA. In contrast, chemical risk management strategies are medium specific and risk based. In practice these differences can complicate decision making and potentially lead to duplicative efforts. We have undertaken a series of case studies to determine the extent and nature of the barriers that exist with regard to the potential harmonization of risk management approaches. Built upon the results of an interactive workshop held in June 1998, these case studies examine how cleanup decisions were made at a series of contaminated sites around the United States. It is anticipated that these case studies will demonstrate (1) the areas of greatest discord among chemical and radiological risk management approaches, and (2) how gaps in approaches could be bridged. This presentation will review the important conclusions of these case studies and (if possible) offer suggestions about how chemical and radiation risk management can be harmonized.
Controlling the Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis by Layer-By-Layer Encapsulation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Commensal skin bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis are currently being considered as possible components in skin-care and skin-health products. However, considering the potentially adverse effects of commensal skin bacteria if left free to proliferate, it is crucial to develop methodologies that are capable of maintaining bacteria viability while controlling their proliferation. Here, we encapsulate S. epidermidis in shells of increasing thickness using layer-by-layer assembly, with either a pair of synthetic polyelectrolytes or a pair of oppositely charged polysaccharides. We study the viability of the cells and their delay of growth depending on the composition of the shell, its thickness, the charge of the last deposited layer, and the degree of aggregation of the bacteria which is varied using different coating procedures-among which is a new scalable process that easily leads to large amounts of nonaggregated bacteria. We demonstrate that the growth of bacteria is not controlled by the mechanical properties of the shell but by the bacteriostatic effect of the polyelectrolyte complex, which depends on the shell thickness and charge of its outmost layer, and involves the diffusion of unpaired amine sites through the shell. The lag times of growth are sufficient to prevent proliferation for daily topical applications.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Computer Assisted Learning on Metacognitive Performance Development in Psychology Teaching

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is a growing interest in the use of computer-based learning environments to enhance learning in higher education, but the implications of this on the improvement of metacognition in higher education have yet to be adequately explored. In the current study, 175 students who enrolled in an introductory psychology course were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (computer-assisted vs. self-managed). In the computer-assisted condition, besides the lecture delivered four hours per week and for three months in total, students took a set of assignments based on evidence-based teaching in a computer-based environment. The control group, however, took these assignments as in-and-out class activities without using a computer environment. An assessment based on Bloom’s taxonomy was utilized to obtain metacognitive and competency scores for both groups. The results of the study showed that the students who completed the structured learning assignments as computer-based, self-learning environment showed better metacognition performance than those in the self-managed group, who did not engage with the online platform, even though there was no significant difference between the groups regarding competence on the course’s learning objectives. The current experiment offers an empirical validation for why instructors should use technology as a self-regulatory tool that enhances students’ metacognitive performance and competence of learning outcomes.
Thermal behaviour analysis of a high voltage inverted‐type current transformer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A high voltage current transformer of the inverted type is a commonly used measurement equipment in power grids. The thermal behaviour of the current transformer has a significant impact on its operating conditions and is directly related to its service life. The study presents a three‐dimensional simulation model of a 220 kV inverted‐type oil‐immersed current transformer, and the fluid and temperature field are analysed by the finite volume method. The simulation results show that the hot‐spot temperature under the rated load of the calculation model introduced in the study is 61.5°C, and located at the upper part of the core and the secondary winding. An experiment setup was designed to measure the temperature distribution inside a LVB‐220W3‐type current transformer. The temperature data measured under the rated load indicate that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results.
Performance Metrics - Streets & Sanitation - Tree Debris

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

after extreme weather events the bureau of forestry tree emergency is deployed to remove plant debris blocking or cluttering the public way this metric tracks the average number of days the department of streets and sanitation dss takes to complete tree debris removal requests per week median days to complete requests as well as total number of requests fulfilled per week are also available by mousing over columns the department of streets sanitation responds to emergency tree debris removal requests logged by 311 s customer service requests csr system the target response time for tree debris removal is 1 day for more information on open tree debris removal requests see https data cityofchicago org d mab8 y9h3
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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