jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Evaluation of Dynamic Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Defined by Fractional Flow Reserve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— First-pass myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging yields high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, standard 2D multislice CMR perfusion techniques provide only limited cardiac coverage, and hence considerable assumptions are required to assess myocardial ischemic burden. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic performance of 3D myocardial perfusion CMR to detect functionally relevant CAD with fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a reference standard in a multicenter setting. Methods and Results— A total of 155 patients with suspected CAD listed for coronary angiography with FFR were prospectively enrolled from 5 European centers. 3D perfusion CMR was acquired on 3T MR systems from a single vendor under adenosine stress and at rest. All CMR perfusion analyses were performed in a central laboratory and blinded to all clinical data. One hundred fifty patients were successfully examined (mean age 62.9±10 years, 45 female). The prevalence of CAD defined by FFR (<0.8) was 56.7% (85 of 150 patients). The sensitivity and specificity of 3D perfusion CMR were 84.7% and 90.8% relative to the FFR reference. Comparison to quantitative coronary angiography (≥50%) yielded a prevalence of 65.3%, sensitivity and specificity of 76.5% and 94.2%, respectively. Conclusions— In this multicenter study, 3D myocardial perfusion CMR proved highly diagnostic for the detection of significant CAD as defined by FFR.
Distribution of the fine roots of different aged apple trees in Weibei rainfed tableland of the Loess Plateau

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Root distribution and its resource demands of different aged apple trees are not same.Numerous studies focused on the spatial distribution of roots of specific aged trees and however,few studies were done for different aged apple trees.The spatial distribution of the fine roots of different aged apple trees in the Weibei rainfed tableland was investigated.The fine roots of the 3-aged apple tree were distributed mainly within a range of 1.5 m,horizontally,and within a thickness of 0.5 m,vertically,while those of the 20 and 15-aged apple trees exceeded 2 m in the radial direction and 1.4 m in the vertical direction.The dominated distribution range of the 10-aged tree was greater than that of the 3-aged tree,and it was close to those of the 15 and 20-aged trees.The fine roots of the 3 and 10 aged trees were sparsely distributed,while those of the 20 and 15-aged trees were densely distributed.Evolution of root length density(RLD)of the fine roots can be divided into three stages:range expanding stage(3 and 10-aged),density expanding stage(10 and 15-aged),and density degradation stage(15 and 20-aged).Directional difference in the RLD of fine roots was not distinct.The RLDs in 0-20 cm surface soil for 10,15,and 20-aged trees were less than those in 20-40 cm soil layer.Peak values for the trees were observed in 40-80 cm soil layer below which the RLDs decreased gradually.The RLD of the 3-aged tree in 0-20 cm surface soil was higher than those in deeper layers.Within 2 m range in radial direction,the RLDs of the 3,15,and 20-aged trees increased with distance,while that of the 10-aged tree decreased.Some variations of RLD in radial direction were found for all aged trees.
Measurement of elasticity of thin elastic layers with radiation force and wave propagation methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the field of tissue engineering, monitoring the elasticity of developing tissue cultures is important for evaluating their growth and maturation. In this work, we used wave propagation methods to measure the elasticity of thin tissue-mimicking layers to test the feasibility of measuring the elasticity of developing tissue cultures. We developed finite element and analytical models for investigating this problem and found good agreement between the results from both models. We used ultrasound radiation force to induce propagating waves, and the waves are measured using high frame rate ultrasound imaging at 10 kHz. The wave modes were identified and compared with an analytic model for Rayleigh wave propagation in a thin elastic layer bound to a solid substrate. The same gelatin mixture was used to make phantoms 1, 4, and 50 mm thick, where the phantom with 50 mm thickness was used as control and evaluated with shear wave imaging methods. The analytic model was used to fit data from experiments in the large block and thin layers of 1 and 4 mm thick, and the measured shear moduli were 22.7, 21.8, and 22.5 kPa, respectively. These results provide a validation for measurement of elasticity in thin elastic layers.
Incarcerating Indigenous people of the Wongatha lands in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia : Indigenous leaders’ perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Wongi\npeople are Indigenous to the Goldfields region and account for just 10 per cent of the population; yet they make up 90 per cent of the prisoners. With Indigenous incarceration rates above 8,000 per 100,000 adult male population in Western Australia, imprisonment is clearly a common experience for Indigenous men and women that profoundly affect the lives of their families. Gaols are meant to be used as a sentence of last resort when the severity of the offence requires severe punishment and prevention of further offences requires close confinement. For this research, Wongi leaders were interviewed about their perceptions of the incarceration system. They indicated that prison is being applied too frequently for minor offences, does little to prevent further offences and has a profound negative socio-economic impact on inmates’ partners and children. The negative impact was also exacerbated when Wongi prisoners are transferred 600 kilometres out of their country to Perth because the local prison is overcrowded. The Wongi leaders who were interviewed believe that the criminal justice system lacks the moral authority to deal with their people fairly and punishes inmates’ families more so than the offender. According to the Wongi leaders, the incarceration system could be improved by using the cultural practice of shaming and targeting training more effectively so that prisoner skill sets were identified and enhanced to improve employment chances and a reduction in recidivism. By using these strategies, the criminal justice system would increase the deterrent effect of incarceration, decrease the rate of recidivism, and improve the Wongi perception of the system.
Isolation of senescence‐related cDNAs from flag leaves of field grown barley plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Senescence of barley flag leaves has been studied under field conditions. Progression of senescence was monitored by the decrease in photosystem II efficiency (measured as F v /F m ) and chlorophyll content of the flag leaves. To identify genes upregulated during natural senescence of barley leaves, a cDNA library prepared from RNA of senescent flag leaves collected in the field, was differentially screened, and three cDNA clones were isolated. Enhanced expression of the corresponding genes was studied either in barley leaves of different developmental stages or in barley leaves induced to senesce by darkness. While transcripts represented by the cDNA clones HvSF6 and HvSF42 accumulated during senescence of flag leaves as well as during dark‐induced senescence of attached primary foliage leaves, the transcript of HvSF2 accumulated exclusively during natural senescence. Based on sequence homologies the cDNA clone HvSF2 encodes the first senescence‐related glycosyltransferase. The sequence of the cDNA clone HvSF42 is highly homologous to cysteine protease sequences. The protein encoded by the cDNA HvSF6 resembles the wheat geminivirus repA binding protein GRAB2.
Connection and Disconnection of Networks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

When two networks interconnect, one network may value the con-nection more than the other. In an unregulated environment, the direction of payment for interconnection depends on whether there are increasing or decreasing marginal returns to network size. If users face decreasing marginal returns to network size, a small network ben-efits more from interconnection than a large network. Assuming that pricing between networks reflects this asymmetry, large networks can charge smaller ones for interconnection. Network mergers can result in higher interconnection fees for non-merging networks. Conditions for disconnection are examined. Despite the increasing value of net-work size, a large network may disconnect, either to recruit members of the disconnected network or, surprisingly, to shrink aggregate net-work size. Shrinkage benefits the large network in bargaining with surviving networks.
Chapter One. Otherness And Identity: Judeoconversos, Judaism, Afroiberians And Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides some discussion of the kinds of identity, the variety of subject positions that might have been held by Afroiberians and Judeoconversos, to provide some contours to the interactions between members of these groups. As a good deal of our knowledge regarding these personal and collective identities derives from sources from the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions, it then offers some meditations on these institutions and the hermeneutical challenges of relying on their documentation. Afroiberian religiosity provides an opportunity for further contemplation of identity. Other than Ethiopian Christianity, all African religions were viewed as false or heretical, if they were even taken seriously as ?religion.' Sephardim played an important role in various aspects of Atlantic and general international commerce. In family-based networks that spanned European motherlands and their colonies, Crypto-Jews and Sephardim at various times were active in trading pepper and spices, sugar, indigo, chocolate, slaves, coral and diamonds.Keywords: Afroiberians; Atlantic; Crypto-Jews; Ethiopian Christianity; identity; Judeoconversos; Portuguese Inquisitions; Sephardim; Spanish Inquisitions
Pyroelectric Investigations on a Ferroelectric Side-Chain Polysiloxane Using the Laser Intensity Modulation Method (Limm)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The laser intensity modulation method (LIMM), a pyroelectric technique for investigating spatially resolved polarization and charge distributions has been applied to sandwich cells containing the ferroelectric liquid crystal side-chain polysiloxane P8*S. Nonuniform polarization distributions in samples with a thickness of the LCP layer larger than the helical pitch were investigated. Maxima of opposite sign at the boundaries caused by symmetrical surface anchoring of the molecules were found. Application of a static external electric field allows the investigation of helix unwinding and screening effects due to impurities in the LC. In the latter case charge layers contribute to the distribution. Variation of the sample temperature causes not only a change in response values due to the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient but also changes the shape of the measured pyrospectrum. The resulting changes in the polarization distribution may be caused by the temperature variation of the pitch.
Intentions to retire, life dissatisfaction and the subsequent risk of disability retirement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background and aims: To examine the predictive value of intentions to retire early on the process of disability retirement and the contribution of life dissatisfaction to the association between intentions to retire early and disability retirement. Methods: A cohort of 6484 employees over 40 years and working for the City of Helsinki was followed from 2000 to 2004. At baseline, the participants had responded to a questionnaire. Information on disability retirement was obtained from the Local Government Pensions Institution and the State Treasury. We calculated age and gender adjusted incidence rates and estimated Cox regression models. Results: During the follow-up 232 (3.6%) participants were granted a disability pension. Clear predictive value of disability retirement was found for strong intentions to retire early (age and gender adjusted hazard ratio HR 6.55, 95% CI 4.64—9.26) and for life dissatisfaction (dissatisfaction with subjective well-being, HR 5.31, 4.11—6.87). After adjusting for life dissatisfaction, the HR for those with strong intentions to retire early attenuated to 3.86 (2.66—5.62). After simultaneous adjustments for various risk factors the associations of intentions to retire early and dissatisfaction with subjective well-being with disability retirement attenuated, but remained statistically significant. Conclusions: The impact of intentions and subjective experience of well-being as measured by life dissatisfaction to the process of disability retirement should be recognized. Intentions to retire and life dissatisfaction should be considered as suitable measures when identifying people with elevated risk of disability retirement.
Hydration heat generation and dissipation in diaphragm walls

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on the complex dynamics of heat dissipation within diaphragm walls during concrete hydration, crucial in construction engineering. Experimental measurements from three sites in Poland, featuring diaphragm walls of varying thicknesses, ranging from 1 to 1.5 meters, were compared to a numerical model. The model, using a Finite Difference Method, incorporated stages of execution of adjacent panels and their thermal influence. The results closely mirrored the measured temperatures, validating the accuracy of its predictions. Despite minor discrepancies, mostly within ±3°C, the method effectively approximated real-life scenarios. Suggestions for model enhancements include incorporating the effect of concrete admixtures and refining the modeling of sequential panel execution. The thermal soil parameters, their possible range, and their impact on hydration heat dissipation in deep foundations emerged as crucial insights. This research serves as a foundation for deeper investigations into early-age behavior in deep foundations, aiming to extend the analysis to stress and strain domains to unravel characteristic cracking patterns observed in diaphragm walls.
Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Inferior Infarction of the Left Ventricle Accompanied by Right Ventricular Infarction when Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Right ventricular infarction (RVI) significantly increases the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute inferior infarction of the left ventricle (AIILV). The present study evaluated pre-procedural and intra-procedural predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with AIILV, accompanied by right RVI, when treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: 237 patients with acute inferior infarction of the left ventricle accompanied with RVI and treated with PCI were admitted to the Coronary Care Unit at Clinical Centre of Serbia, from 2007 until 2009. In-hospital mortality was 4.2%. Results: Using a multivariate logistic regression model, two independent risk-factors for in-hospital mortality were identified: cardiogenic shock caused by right ventricular insufficiency (54.5% vs. 4.5% without cardiogenic shock, p=0.002) and post-procedural TIMI flow 1 (p = 0.019) and previous PCI (p=0.021). Conclusions and clinical implications: Cardiogenic shock and post-procedural TIMI flow <3 in the infarcted artery are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In patients without cardiogenic shock, the risk for in-hospital mortality correlates with the degree of left ventricular insufficiency and previous PCI.
Selective failure of accessory cell function in Moloney murine leukemia virus-tolerant mice.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Accessory cell activity of spleen cells from M-MuLV neonatally injected (tolerant) mice was studied to evaluate their ability to take part in in vivo CTL generation against tumor-associated antigens induced by M-MSV. In contrast with accessory cell activity in normal spleen cells, spleen cells from M-MuLV-tolerant mice are unable to reconstitute the in vivo virus-specific CTL generation of M-MSV immune, Ia-depleted spleen cells. A selective defect seems to characterize M-MuLV-tolerant mice as their spleens constitute a good source of accessory cells for alloantigen CTL generation.
The challenge of accountability in complex regulatory networks: The case of theDeepwater Horizonoil spill

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A puzzle that faces public administrators within regulatory governance networks is how to balance the need for democratic accountability while increasingly facing demands from elected officials to optimize oversight of industry by utilizing the expertise of the private sector in developing risk‐based standards for compliance. The shift from traditional command and control oversight to process oriented regulatory regimes has been most pronounced in highly complex industries, such as aviation and deepwater oil drilling, where the intricate and technical nature of operations necessitates risk‐based regulatory networks based largely on voluntary compliance with mutually agreed upon standards. The question addressed in this paper is how the shift to process oriented regimes affects the trade‐offs between democratic, market, and administrative accountability frames, and what factors determine the dominant accountability frame within the network. Using post‐incident document analysis, this paper provides a case study of regulatory oversight of the deepwater oil drilling industry prior to the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon rig in the G ulf of M exico, to explore how the shift to a more networked risk‐based regulatory regime affects the trade‐offs and dominant accountability frames within the network. The results of this study indicate that a reliance on market‐based accountability mechanisms, along with the lack of a fully implemented process‐oriented regulatory regime, led to the largest oil spill in US history.
Seroepidemiological survey of rabies virus antibodies in non-vaccinated dogs in Nsukka Environs, Nigeria.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Serum samples from 254 non-vaccinated and apparently healthy dogs of local breeds in Nsukka environs (Nigeria) were examined for the presence of antibodies to rabies virus by haemagglutination-inhibition technique. The prevalence rates of rabies antibodies in less than 3 months, 3-6 months and over 6 months old dogs were 17.5, 7.3 and 22.8 per cent, respectively, and overall 16.1 per cent in the dog population. This is the first documented report of rabies antibodies in non-vaccinated dogs in Eastern Nigeria. The results have been discussed with respect to the epidemiology of prototype rabies and rabies-related viruses. It is suggested that the antibodies are most probably due to the non-virulent prototype rabies or rabies-related virus strains. Presence of 83.9 per cent of susceptible dogs in the population suggests mandatory and regular vaccination of all dogs in the interest of public health and control of the disease. The study highlights the need for more studies on epidemiology of rabies and rabies-related viruses in Nigeria.
Studies on Tissue Culture Techniques of Male Sterile Line of Alfalfa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The infancy stem segments,leaves and leafstalks of male sterile line Ms-4 of Medicago varia Martin.cv.Caoyuan No.1 were taken as explants and induced somatic embryos and roots of male sterile line Ms-4 of Medicago varia Martin.cv Caoyuan No.1.The results showed that leafstalks are good explants for inducing callus.Somatic embryos inducing rates was 90%,regeration rate was 49%.The best treatment of rooting of quickset of male sterile line Ms-4 of Medicago varia Martin.cv.Caoyuan No.1 is water treat for 0.5h before inoculabitity,integrity quickset,and A1 and A2 rooting medium,rooting rates was 97%,rooting coefficient was 5.3.
Asset pricing via deep graph learning to incorporate heterogeneous predictors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tradition financial studies on asset pricing focused on the economic indicators and media information of a stock. Recent financial studies found that the momentum spillovers of relevant firms are salient as well for measuring asset risk. However, previous studies on asset pricing via machine learning only relied on partial of these market information types. In this study, a deep learning framework is proposed to combine these three market information types with different data structures, that is, numerical economic indicators represented as scalars, media represented as textual vectors, and the influences of related firms captured by graphs. More importantly, the unique data characteristics brought by such data fusion are well addressed in the proposed learning framework. Specifically, a matrix-based module is first proposed to fuse numerical economic data and textual media, which specifically considers the interactions of the fused features. Such fused information, along with the firm relevance represented in graphs, is further integrated by a novel self-adaptive graph neural network that can address the dynamic merging of multilinked listed firms. Experiments performed on real market data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art algorithms, including eLSTM, RGCN, and TGC.
Hyper-local news: A glue to hold rural communities together?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A growing body of research interrogates the implementation of communication infrastructures such as broadband connectivity in rural areas, but little has been undertaken into the potential for collaborative production of ‘local news’ to generate Habermasian public spheres supportive of sustainability. European and US media organizations are developing such ‘hyper-local news sites’ to serve small rural and urban communities. This article uses a case study of a rural hyper-local project launched by a major regional media company in England’s most sparsely-populated county, Northumberland, to help establish ‘more sustainable communities’. Such sites are usually conceived of as ‘town criers’ but being web based, they position communities both locally and globally, a process which has been conceptualized as ‘glocalization’. The article is informed by theoretical understandings of communicative spaces and places, monitorial citizenship and ‘liquid life’ and journalism developed by Jurgen Habermas, Michael Schudson, Zygmunt Bauman, Mark Deuze and Manuel Castells.