jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Threshold effects and inflation persistence in South Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate threshold effects in the persistence of South African aggregate inflation data. Design/methodology/approach The conventional approach for assessing the degree of persistence within an inflation process is via its integration properties. This study makes use of univariate threshold autoregressive (TAR) models and associated unit root testing procedures to investigate the integration properties of the inflation data. Out‐of‐sample forecasts are further performed for the TAR models and their linear counterparts. Findings The empirical results confirm threshold effects in the persistence of all employed aggregated measures of inflation, whereas such asymmetric effects are ambiguous for disaggregated inflation measures. None of the observed series is found to be stationary in their levels. The out‐of‐sample forecasts for all TAR models outperform their linear counterparts. Practical implications Given the scope of the study, the empirical analysis provides insight with concern to the performance of inflation subsequent to the adoption of the inflation target regime in South Africa. Of particular interest are the low persistence levels observed at inflation rates of below 4.7 and 4.4 percent for core and CPI inflation, respectively, as both these aggregated measures of inflation play an essential role in guiding monetary policy conduct within the economy. The overall findings imply that on an aggregate level, the South African Reserve Bank's (SARB's) current inflation target of 3‐6 percent encompasses a non‐stationary inflation range and thus proves to be restrictive on monetary policy conduct. Originality/value The paper fills in an important gap in the academic literature by evaluating asymmetric effects in the integration properties of inflation, at both aggregated and disaggregated levels, for the exclusive case of South Africa.
Endoscopic intermuscular dissection for deep submucosal invasive cancer in the rectum: a new endoscopic approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The risk of lymph node metastasis associated with deep submucosal invasion should be balanced against the mortality and morbidity of total mesorectal excision (TME). Dissection through the submucosa hinders radical deep resection, and full-thickness resection may influence the outcome of completion TME. Endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID) in between the circular and longitudinal part of the muscularis propria could potentially provide an R0 resection while leaving the rectal wall intact. Methods In this prospective cohort study, the data of patients treated with EID for suspected deep submucosal invasive rectal cancer between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed. Study outcomes were the percentages of technical success, R0 resection, curative resection, and adverse events. Results 67 patients (median age 67 years; 73 % men) were included. The median lesion size was 25 mm (interquartile range 20–33 mm). The rates of overall technical success, R0 resection, and curative resection were 96 % (95 %CI 89 %–99 %), 81 % (95 %CI 70 %–89 %), and 45 % (95 %CI 33 %–57 %). Only minor adverse events occurred in eight patients (12 %). Conclusion EID for deep invasive T1 rectal cancer appears to be feasible and safe, and the high R0 resection rate creates the potential of rectal preserving therapy in 45 % of patients.
New-Onset and Relapsed Kidney Histopathology Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The introduction of COVID-19 vaccination programs has become an integral part of the major strategy to reduce COVID-19 numbers worldwide. New-onset and relapsed kidney histopathology have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination, sparking debate on whether there are causal associations. How these vaccines achieve an immune response to COVID-19 and the mechanism that this triggers kidney pathology remains unestablished. We describe the results of a systematic review for new-onset and relapsed kidney histopathology following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A systematic literature search of published data up until 31 August 2021 was completed through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Research articles reporting new onset or relapsed kidney histopathology in adult patients (>18 years) following COVID-19 vaccination were included for qualitative review. Only full-text articles published in the English language were selected for review. Results: Forty-eight cases from thirty-six articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this systematic review. Minimal change disease (19 cases) was the most frequent pathology observed, followed by IgA nephropathy (14 cases) and vasculitis (10 cases). Other cases include relapse of membranous nephropathy, acute rejection of kidney transplant, relapse of IgG4 nephritis, new-onset renal thrombotic microangiopathy, and scleroderma renal crisis following COVID-19 vaccination. There was no mortality reported in any of the included cases. Patients in all but one case largely recovered and did not require long-term renal replacement therapy. Conclusion: This systematic review provides insight into the relationship between various kidney pathologies that may have followed COVID-19 vaccination. Despite these reported cases, the protective benefits offered by COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh its risks. It would be recommended to consider early biopsy to identify histopathology amongst patients presenting with symptoms relating to new-onset kidney disease following vaccination and to monitor symptoms for those with potential relapsed disease.
Guidelines for treating depression using non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

While the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are safe and effective agents that are frequently prescribed for the treatment of depression, non-SSRI antidepressants also have potential benefits to offer the depressed patient. A review of the literature offers guidelines for choosing between these two therapeutic categories.
Citizens by Design? Explaining Ex-Combatant Satisfaction with Reintegration Programming

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After armed conflict, there is often a surge in programmes designed to consolidate the peace. During the transition to peace, the quality of programme management has been argued to shape public perceptions about government and citizenship. What aspects of programme management are most important? What implementation failures have the greatest negative effects? We study these questions in the context of a reintegration programme for former combatants in Colombia. We find evidence that programme implementation has strong impacts on participant satisfaction, regardless of programme outcomes. This suggests that how benefits are delivered matters as much as what is delivered.
The interaction of the ErbB4 intracellular domain p80 with α-enolase in the nuclei is associated with the inhibition of the neuregulin1-dependent cell proliferation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have shown that the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 signals neuregulin1-stimulated proliferation of human cells. Some isoforms of ErbB4 are cleaved to release the soluble intracellular domain p80; however, the function of p80 in cell proliferation remained unclear. Here we propose the possibility for p80 as a negative feedback modulator of ErbB4-mediated cell proliferation. Cells exposed to lower doses of neuregulin1 displayed a stimulated proliferation and contained ErbB4 but barely p80. By contrast, cells exposed to its higher doses displayed a suppressed proliferation and contained p80 but barely ErbB4. Analyses with cells overexpressing the p80 wild type and mutants indicated that nuclear p80 inhibits cell proliferation independently of the tyrosine kinase activity. A screen for a novel protein that interacts with p80 identified α-enolase, which is reported as a transcriptional inhibitor for the proliferation-associated c-myc gene. The c-myc mRNA expression was induced by lower doses of neuregulin1 but was suppressed by its higher doses. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated the localization of not only p80 and α-enolase but also the decrease of the functional c-myc amount in the nuclei of cells exposed to higher doses of neuregulin1. These results suggested that p80, which is generated from ErbB4 and translocates to the nuclei, interacts with α-enolase and inhibits neuregulin1-dependent ErbB4-mediated cell proliferation by impairing the c-myc gene transcription.
Supplemental Files from Modulation of Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers by High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Phase II Pilot Study in Postmenopausal Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 1: CONSORT diagram for flow of potential and actual subjects enrolled on study. Supplementary Table 1. Demographic and risk information at baseline. Supplementary Table 2. Change in anthropomorphic variables. Supplementary Table 3: Changes in levels of cytokines and adipokines in RPFNA specimens, by Luminex. Supplementary Table 4: Changes in levels of mRNA in RPFNA specimens, by RT-qPCR. Supplementary Table 5: Changes in levels of all peptides and specific phosphopeptides in RPFNA specimens, by Reverse Phase Protein Array.</p>
Sanggonghoeuiso. Kungminhoe. Korean Trade Directory listings. 1947.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Item abstract: American firm's information for the listing in Korean Trade Directory; Box abstract: Administrative papers, correspondence, financial records, meeting records and papers related Korea of various Korean organizations in America, including Korea Economic Society, Korean Chamber of Commerce in America, Hanin Kongjehoe, Hanin Kujehoe, etc.
Methods of Calculation and Remote-Sensing Measurements for the Spatial Distribution of Glacier Annual Mass Balances (Abstract)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The areal distribution of glacier annual mass balance b(z) is an important characteristic of the existence of glacierization and its evolution. At present the measured value of annual mass balance at different elevations is only available for a limited number of mountain glaciers of the globe, because of the great amount of labour required for such measurements. The analysis of long-term mass-balance measurements made at Abramova Glacier, Limmerngletscher, White Glacier, Hintereisferner, and Peyto Glacier has revealed that for each year the spatial distribution of annual mass balance is well described by quadratic equations. The main variable in these equations is altitude ( z ). The various parameters of these formulae are estimated by the author for mean weighted height of the ablation and accumulation areas, and for the glaciers as a whole. It is found that the parameters of annual mass balance for each glacier can be calculated from formulae which include combinations of the following variables: annual balance at one of the three weighted altitudes, maximum annual snow-line elevation, annual and seasonal amounts of precipitation, and air temperatures at nearby meteorological stations. Therefore, in order to calculate the distribution of annual mass balance as a function of absolute altitude, it is sufficient to obtain a value for mass balance measured only at a single point on a glacier, and common meteorological observational data. A comparison of actual and calculated values of mass balance has shown good agreement between them. Considering the successful use of aerial remote-sensing for the measurement of snow depth in mountains by means of special stakes, it is satisfactory to accept this method for the assessment of annual mass balance at the mean weighted altitude of the ablation zone. It is possible to use aerial photo-surveys or stereophotogrammetry to resolve this problem. Then annual mass balance for the whole area of a glacier is calculated by using data from one point together with data from a nearby meteorological station.
A wall interference assessment/correction system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A Wall Signature method originally developed by Hackett has been selected to be adapted for the Ames 12-ft Wind Tunnel WIAC system in the project. This method uses limited measurements of the static pressure at the wall, in conjunction with the solid wall boundary condition, to determine the strength and distribution of singularities representing the test article. The singularities are used in turn for estimating blockage wall interference. The lifting interference will be treated separately by representing in a horseshoe vortex system for the model's lifting effects. The development and implementation of a working prototype will be completed, delivered and documented with a software manual. The WIAC code will be validated by conducting numerically simulated experiments rather than actual wind tunnel experiments. The simulations will be used to generate both free-air and confined wind-tunnel flow fields for each of the test articles over a range of test configurations. Specifically, the pressure signature at the test section wall will be computed for the tunnel case to provide the simulated 'measured' data. These data will serve as the input for the WIAC method--Wall Signature method. The performance of the WIAC method then may be evaluated by comparing the corrected data with those of the free-air simulation.
Benchmarking China firm competitiveness: a strategic framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This editorial aims to review various theoretical frameworks in measuring firm competences, including marketing competences, strategic flexibility, innovation capacity building of organizations and attempts to propose a conceptual framework to benchmark and rank the Chinese firms in terms of competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach An overview and conceptual paper based on observations and research experience. Drawing on the prevalent theoretical models of building up competitiveness and reports from well established research centres, government and international associations worldwide, this paper presents a strategic framework for evaluating and measuring firm competitiveness in China. Findings The paper stresses the importance of keeping‐up with the fast pace of technological change and the emerging new global paradigms of the business environment. It addresses the development trajectory and the way through which firms can contribute to capacity building and the creation of competitive advantage in facing the pressing challenges of globalization. It aims to establish the potential indicators of competitiveness by analysing the theoretic elements and the microeconomic business environment. Originality/value This paper presents the crucial tenets of the strategic framework of developing firm competitiveness, which include: creation of core competence, establishment of competitiveness index and competitiveness rankings. These are closely linked with the development of corporate strategy, marketing strategy and technology and innovation strategy within firms. These core features will have strong implication to Chinese and foreign enterprises and provide an invaluable instrument for firms to enhance their performance through benchmarking and evaluating their current competitive position and determine new strategies to create competitiveness.
PMO-20 The IBD biosimilar to biosimilar switching study (iBiSS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

In 2013, the first biosimilar of infliximab was approved for use by the European Medicines Agency for the same indications as originator infliximab. The regulatory pathways involved compare the biosimilar with the originator only in controlled settings and not with other biosimilars. With the development of multiple biosimilars, patients may be asked to transition from one to another. There is a clear gap in the evidence with little data on switching between biosimilars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of switching a cohort of IBD patients from CT-P13 to SB2 in a real-world setting, as well as explore the patient experience of having their medication switched.

Methods

This was a prospective, phase IV interventional study at University Hospital Southampton. Patients treated with CT-P13 (6/8 weekly regime at 5mg/kg) were approached and were switched to SB2. Demographics, disease history, validated disease activity scores (partial Mayo Score for UC and modified Harvey-Bradshaw Index for Crohn's), patient reported outcome measures (IBD Control PROM and PRO2) and laboratory measurements (full blood count, C-reactive protein, albumin and faecal calprotectin) were collected at each visit. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were also conducted to explore the patient experience of having their medication switched and were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

133/158 patients approached participated in iBiSS with a mean disease duration of 9.2 years. The primary objective was clinical outcome at week 30/32. The mean mHBI and pMCS at week 0 vs week 30/32 were 3.14 vs 2.9 and 1.53 vs 1.18 (p=0.77) respectively. The IBD Control-8 score for the whole cohort was 11.75 vs 13.19 (p=0.005) and the IBD Control-VAS was 75.24 vs 79.59 (p=0.57). 35 patients discontinued during the study (6 lost to follow-up, 12 due to adverse events, 4 withdrew consent, 13 for other reasons). There were 16 serious adverse events and no fatal adverse events. Interviews were conducted on 26 participants. Six major themes were identified that reflected the patient experience. These included confidence through information, worry through information, trust in the clinical team, barriers to switching, motivators for switching and the fragility of their condition.

Conclusions

The data presented here suggests there is no detrimental effect on the clinical outcomes of patients switched from one biosimilar of infliximab to another which is vital information to guide clinical practice.
Loading working memory interferes with afffect incongruent movements.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is proposed in many emotion theories that action tendencies are core processes of emotion. In different empirical studies stronger influences of affect were obtained with decreased than with full conscious awareness. In this study action tendencies were investigated as a function of conscious awareness that was varied with a manipulation of attention (see Merikle & Joordens, 1997). With divided attention (i.e., working memory load) it was more difficult for participants to withdraw from their affect congruent action tendencies than with focused attention, as was demonstrated, specifically, in their execution (i.e., movement time) of affect specific movement. These results support, therefore, the theoretical notion that influences of affect can be stronger with decreased than with full conscious awareness.
Facio ut Facias

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This exploratory study takes a look at the puzzle of what type of contracts are suitable for governing innovation, with particular atte ntion to inter-firm networks. It employs a conceptual framework that integrates organizational theory of formal coordination with economic perspectives on contracting, and innovate previous analyses in two ways: developing an assessment of alternative contractual forms in terms of knowledge governance and not only in terms of conflict resolution; analyzing contracts according to the intensity at which they incorporate not only market-like mechanisms, but also hierarchical and bureaucratic mechanisms, and a usually neglected array of associational and democratic mechanisms, as related to the level of uncertainty and innovation. A new type of 'associational' and 'constitutional' contract, resource based rather than action-based, is singled out as particularly fit to the governance of innovation. The framework is empirically applied to content analyze the written agreements regulating inter firm alliances for innovation in a comparative case study approach.
Immune-Metabolic Therapy of Purulent Inflammatory Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs rank among the leading ones in the total number of women of reproductive age. This results from a decrease in immunity, early sexual activity, neglect of personal hygiene, abortions, birth complications, etc. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 patients suffering from exacerbated chronic salpingo-oophoritis and its combination with bacterial vaginosis. In the study, all the patients were randomly divided into five groups, with 20 patients each. The patients were treated in the prescribed regimens and doses, according to the standards of specialized medical care. An immunomodulator immunomax and an antioxidant hypoxene were chosen as additional treatment options. Clinical and laboratory parameters were measured in all the patients before and after the treatment. The effec­tiveness of the treatment was evaluated 10-14 days later. In 18 people, the procedure was repeated after 2-3 months. Results and Discussion: It was found that the standard therapy to treat exacerbated chronic salpingo-oophoritis re­duced inflammatory manifestations after 10-14 days; however, the risk of complications and relapse of the disease remained. Immunomax provided satisfactory second-order normalization of the immunological and metabolic parame­ters, ultimate normalization of pro-inflammatory parameters and absolutely no positive effect on the clinical parameters in patients with chronic salpingo-oophoritis in the acute stage, when compared with the standard treatment. A complex therapy of salpingo-oophoritis with bacterial vaginosis by means of immunomax and hypoxene aimed to normalize most clinical and laboratory parameters was absolutely positive; a moderate level of parameters was revealed only in cellular-humoral immunity. Conclusion: After 10-14 days, the standard treatment of patients resulted in normalization of the pro-inflammatory and immunological parameters, rather than the clinical and metabolic parameters. The administration of immunomax con­tributed to the correction of metabolic, immunological and pro-inflammatory markers, and the complex administration of an immunomodulator with an antioxidant favorably affected all the laboratory parameters.