jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Critical Re-Evaluation of "Synthetic α-Synuclein Fibrils Replicate in Mice Causing MSA-Like Pathology" by Burger et al., Nature 2025; doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09698-1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This scholarly commentary provides a comprehensive critical evaluation of the paper by Burger et al., “Synthetic α-synuclein fibrils replicate in mice causing MSA-like pathology,” published in Nature (2025). The original study claims that recombinant α-synuclein fibrils, when injected into the mouse brain, undergo in vivo replication and induce pathology analogous to that observed in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Because these conclusions have profound implications for neurodegeneration research, mechanistic modeling, and therapeutic development, rigorous scrutiny is essential. This commentary examines the conceptual framework, methodology, data interpretation, and translational relevance of the study across multiple analytic dimensions. Through a structured, figure-by-figure critique—including all main Figures, Extended Data Figures, and Supplementary Figures—the commentary identifies substantial methodological shortcomings that undermine the central claim of strain replication. Key deficiencies include insufficient structural characterization of the synthetic fibrils, lack of evidence demonstrating conformational fidelity between injected and recovered aggregates, inadequate controls for inflammation-driven pathology, and limited validation of in vivo propagation mechanisms. Histopathological findings are sparse and inconsistent, failing to reproduce the morphological, biochemical, and ultrastructural hallmarks of authentic glial cytoplasmic inclusions seen in human MSA. Behavioral results are modest, variable, and underpowered, offering little support for progressive neurodegeneration. Transcriptomic analyses reveal broad stress-response signatures rather than disease-specific patterns characteristic of MSA. The commentary emphasizes that several alternative explanations—including injection-induced inflammation, contamination, nonspecific proteostasis disruption, and species-specific glial vulnerabilities—are more parsimonious than the replication hypothesis. Furthermore, profound biological differences between mouse and human oligodendrocytes limit the translational relevance of the model. The analysis argues that misinterpretation of such models can distort mechanistic understanding, misdirect therapeutic development, and contribute to broader reproducibility challenges in proteinopathy research. Overall, this commentary reframes the study’s findings by delineating what the evidence does and does not support. It offers constructive recommendations for improving experimental rigor, structural validation, data transparency, and model development. By clarifying conceptual boundaries and methodological requirements, the work aims to guide the field toward more reliable and physiologically grounded approaches for investigating α-synuclein biology and the pathogenesis of MSA.
Changes in nutrient content of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. during the vegetation period.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cirsium arvense /L/ Scop. nowadays is popular in all territory of Hungary, it can be found almost on every soil types. Cirsium arvense is one of the most difficulty eradicated weed of the fields, the ruderals, and also the roadsides. On the base of IV. Hungarian Weed Survey 1996-1997, it takes the fifth place in the dominance sequence of the weeds, with 1.8% average covering. In the interest of effective weed control we can know the biological characteristics of the weeds in detail. In our experiments we followed the nutrient uptake and its changing in Cirsium arvense plants. Nitrogen concentration of shoots altered between 1.5-3.6%. We established that plants can uptake potassium in a great quantity. Roots and shoots contained potassium in high concentration between 2.2-5.9%. The maximum of shoot production from the adventitious buds of the roots was in October and the minimum was in April and May.
Study of Ka-Band Components for Future High-Gradient Accelerators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a concept of quasi‐optical Delay Line Distribution System (DLDS) for feeding a future Ka‐band linear collider. According to this concept the DLDS is based on oversized waveguides. In such waveguides the so‐called image multiplication phenomena seem to be very attractive for power launching, extracting, combining, and splitting of waves. Few different schemes of DLDS mode launchers are compared. The design of other key RF components is also considered. Recent low power tests of mode launchers, miter bends, directional couplers, RF loads, and a mode converter are discussed.
An Approach for Recommendations in Self Management of Diabetes based on Expert System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diabetes self-management education is of significant importance, since people with diabetes and their families provide 95% of their care themselves.Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are two of the most serious acute complications of diabetes.Making appropriate decision in these situations needs knowledge about normal blood glucose levels and related signs and symptoms.In this paper an expert system is proposed using Visual C# 2008, aiming at nutrition recommendations applicable in blood glucose self management.This expert system consists of 4 sections: Body weight and daily nutritional requirements assessment, Hypo-and hyperglycemia symptoms, Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) and Diabetes related disease.In comparison with the other expert systems invented to manage blood glucose level, this expert system includes different aspects of diabetes and is usable for both experts and diabetes patients.
Research progress on the regulation mechanism of the eye's biological clock

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The circadian rhythm is a set of autonomous endogenous oscillators resulting nearly 24h cycles. The biological clock, including central and peripheral biological clock, is a clock system that regulates the circadian rhythm of the body. The biological clock gene and its encoded protein constituent the transcription-translation oscillation loop, which could regulate the circadian rhythm of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes through neural and humoral pathways. The mammalian eyeball contains a complete biological clock system, thus controlling the circadian rhythm of important physiological functions and various parameters of the eyeball. Abnormal circadian clock genes caused by various reasons will affect the circadian rhythm and may lead to the occurrence and development of the ocular diseases. Therefore, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ocular diseases are characterized by diurnal variation. The change of circadian clock gene expression is not only involved in the pathophysiological process of ocular diseases, but also may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of diseases. This article introduces the circadian rhythm characteristics of corneal disease, glaucoma and myopia and the related biological clock regulation mechanism. Further research on the circadian clock provides a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases.
Building a Fairer Taxation System: The Working Poor and the Cost of Refundable Tax Credits

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study addresses two key issues in Irish social and economic policy. These are: \n(i) the need to reform and develop our taxation system so that it becomes fairer and;\n(ii)the need to address the issue of the `working poor? where many individuals and their dependents, despite being active in the labour market, receive an income that is insufficient to take them above the low-income threshold as represented by the poverty line.\nIt does so by proposing the introduction of a defined system of refundable tax credits.
Cannabis and psychopathology : update 2004.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of cannabis use and psychopathology remains an interesting area from both academic and pragmatic perspectives. This article provides an update on the progress made in this area over the past decade or so. Psychopathology and psychiatric syndromes associated with cannabis use that have received research attention in recent years include cannabis withdrawal, cannabis and psychotic disorders (especially schizophrenia), depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Status of a specific cannabis withdrawal syndrome and a specific 'cannabis psychosis' remains controversial. Current evidence indicates that there is a clinically significant association between cannabis use disorders and psychotic syndromes, depression, anxiety and possibly mild cognitive impairment. However, the nature of this association is often not clear. Several hypothesis related to the cannabis-schizophrenia association are examined. Cannabis use might be casually related to the later development of schizophrenia in an indirect way in a few heavy users, but more commonly, its use may precipitate disorders in persons who are vulnerable to developing psychosis and worsen the course of the disorder.
Peran Industri Kecil Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Di Kabupaten Aceh Utara

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to know the influence of value investing, value of production and wages against the absorption of labor in North Aceh. Using secondary data with a span of 10 years, starting in 2007 to the year 2017. Using data analysis methods (Ordinary Least Square/OLS). The results showed that the value of investments significantly to influential industry labor absorption, while the production value of the industry small positive effect against the absorption of labour, otherwise small industrial minimum wage a negative and significant effect against the absorption of labor in North Aceh Regency. Conclusion this research that is simultaneously showed a real influence among variables of value investing, small industries and production value wages against the absorption of labor in North Aceh
The Moderating effect of Firm Size on the impact of Dynamic Capabilities on sustainable Performance of food manufacturing firms Kenya

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study sought to investigate the effect of dynamic capabilities on the performance of selected manufacturing firms in Kenya. It also aimed at examining the moderating effect of firm size on the effect of dynamic capabilities on the performance of manufacturing firms. The study utilized both the descriptive and explanatory research design which was cross-sectional survey in nature. The study population comprised of all the 70 food manufacturing listed in the Kenya Association of Manufacturer’s directory. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect primary data from 190 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the nature and magnitude of the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance of food manufacturing firms in Kenya. Firm size was found not to have significant relationship with firm and does not moderate the relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance. The findings supported the theoretical foundation of the dynamic capabilities theory that a firm performance and sustainable competitive advantage depends on its ability to reacting rapidly and flexibly to changing market environments. The study recommends that policy makers should link performance of food manufacturing firms with national goals and in this regard, include acquisition of dynamic capabilities by food manufacturing firms in their policy interventions aimed at increasing food security.
Automatic Evaluation of the Robotic Production Process for an Aircraft Jet Engine Casing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigated the design of a system to monitor the status of the robotic welding process of thin-walled components for an aircraft jet engine. Opportunities to measure and log processing parameters, such as welding speed, current, and voltage, on the existing production cell were taken. The acquired data were processed using elements of descriptive statistics. Obtained indicators were matched with physical inspection results of the weld’s quality. The adopted methodology was used to identify an essential parameter determining the presence of defined weld defects. The developed solution was implemented in the production cell.
A novel rate estimation model for mode decision of H.264/AVC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To acquire the optimal coding mode of each macroblock, the H.264/AVC encoder exhaustively calculates the rate-distortion cost for all available modes and chooses the minimum one as the best mode. Therefore, the mode decision process is very computationally demanding. To reduce the computation complexity of the rate-distortion cost, in this paper, we propose a novel rate estimation model for the mode decision in H.264/AVC. By modeling the transform coefficients with Generalized Gaussian distributions (GGD), a direct relationship between the magnitude and the information bits of the quantized transform coefficients is deduced. Based on this deduction, the weighted sum of quantized transform coefficients is proposed as an efficient bit-rate estimator of the residual blocks. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm can save up to 30 % of total encoding time with ignorable degradation in coding performance for both inter- and intra-mode decision.
The Quest for Balance, Perspectives on the Bhagavad Gita

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this discussion, I attempt to see the Bhagavad Gita through the perspectives of modern society. Is Arjuna fighting a physical battle similar to our own conscience? Why is understanding our Dharma, our duty in this world, the key to finding balance? How can we acting without seeking the benefits of our work, dismissing the fruits of action? How does desire remove us from our higher nature? Although the disciplines, or yogas, taught in the Bhagavad Gita are not generally accepted in the western world, we can still learn from them and use them as a guide to our spiritual lives.
Giving Children A Better Start : Preschool Attendance And School-Age Profiles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors study the effect of pre-primary education on children's subsequent school outcomes by exploiting a unique feature of the Uruguayan household survey (ECH) that collects retrospective information on preschool attendance in the context of a rapid expansion in the supply of pre-primary places. Using a within household estimator, they find small gains from preschool attendance at early ages that magnify as children grow up. By age 15, treated children have accumulated 0.8 extra years of education and are 27 percentage points more likely to be in school compared with their untreated siblings. Instrumental variables estimates that control for nonrandom selection of siblings into preschool lead to similar results. The authors speculate that early grade repetition harms subsequent school progression and that pre-primary education appears as a successful policy option to prevent early grade failure and its long lasting consequences
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF ENTERAL DYSFUNCTION DEVELOPMENT UNDER DOMINATING ACUTE SURGICAL ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the important preconditions of complications of infectious nature of trauma is the formation of enteral dysfunction. The aim of the study is to establish morpho-functional changes of enteral dysfunction on the under the dominating injury of abdominal cavity organs.The research is performed experimentally with modeling of combined skeletal and abdominal injuries in 132 white non-linear rats. The dynamics of morphological changes in the small intestinal wall is determined hystologically.Combined trauma with the dominating injury of the abdomen is characterized by complex set of morphological changes of vessels, sludge, dystrophic and necrotic changes, high activity of secretory glandular elements. The bulk of the identified morphological changes occur only after a certain time after the injury that will prevent true diagnosis with early surgical interventions and creates the risk of complications in the postoperative period.
Study on Genetic Diversity of Apatococcus lobatus Isolated from Valencia Orange Green Spot Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four isolates of Apatococcus lobatus were achieved from Valencia orange green spot disease in different areas.Their phenotypes were studied.And the genetic diversity of 4 strains Apatococcus lobatus were analyzed by using ISSR techniques.The results showed that the four isolates of Apatococcus lobatus had phenotypic difference and abundant diversity.Among the 100 random primers tested,9 primers were found to generate distinct DNA fragments.There were 98 bands among 4 isolates of Apatococcus lobatus and 57 bands(58.2%) belonged to polymorphism bands.Genetic distance was 0.1852 between CS strain and JA strain of Apatococcus lobatus,which had the most genetic comparability.While a little genetic comparability was also observed between its and YY strain of Apatococcus lobatus,ZX strain of Apatococcus lobatus,and its had a distinct differentiation.The results of ISSR analyses showed that there were differences in their gene types,but also genetic diversity in isolates of Apatococcus lobatu from Valencia orange green spot disease.
STATUS OF GRAPE ROOT BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) MANAGEMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF CONTROL BY DISRUPTION OF MATING COMMUNICATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A review is presented of the grape root borer (GRB) (vitacea polistiformis (Harris) biology, including both its geographic and host ranges, attempts to control the GRB, and a description of an integrated management system that may involve the most applicable combination of horticultural practices, tolerant (resistant) rootstocks, behavioral disruptants such as Z,Z-ODDA, microbial s, and as a last resort the use of insecticides. Preliminary data illustrated that the aerial release of Z,Z-3,13-octadecadien-l ol acetate, a synthetically produced component of the peachtree borer synanthedon exitiosa (Say) pheromone, altered or disrupted the close range (0 to 2 meters) flight orientation of the GRP males in search for calling GRB females.
Evaluation of Fracture Toughness on 800 MPa Grade HSLA Welds in Construction Machinery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fracture toughness was measured at series of test temperature for an 800MPa grade HSLA steel and welds. Effect of welding processing on welds fracture toughness was discussed. The evident effect of rolling direction on fracture toughness is found. The fracture toughness for LT direction is much higher than that for TL direction. Base metal is in the catalogue of upper shelf ductile fracture above -60℃, ductile-brittle fracture mode transition occurs in the crack propagation at -80℃ . Fracture toughness of both shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding is almost the same. Even through the fracture toughness of weld metals is higher than that of base metal at ambient temperature, the fracture toughness of weld metals is rapid decreased with decreasing test temperature. Fracture mode transition occurs at -20℃. This must be given attention in the service period of welded structures. The results will be valuable for the fracture evaluation of large scale construction machinery.
Molecular markers for personalized treatment of melanoma patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Od 2011. godine kada su odobreni lijekovi vemurafenib i ipilimumab do danas doslo je do znacajnog pomaka u lijecenju bolesnika s metastatskim melanomom zahvaljujuci primjeni lijekova s molekularno usmjerenim mehanizmima djelovanja. Primjena tih lijekova primjer je personalizirane medicine gdje se lijecenje temelji na analizi molekulskih biljega. Tako je određivanje mutacija gena BRAF u bolesnika s melanomom, kao nužan dijagnosticki postupak za odluku o lijecenju inhibitorima BRAF kinaze, jedan od jos uvijek ne tako brojnih molekulskih biljega koji su postali nezaobilazni dio rutinske skrbi o bolesnicima s rakom. Uz mutacije gena BRAF, kao biljezi za personalizirano lijecenje bolesnika s melanomom određuju se i mutacije gena KIT i NRAS.
The Premier Grenadier of France

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Premier Grenadier of France Get access Henry Gerald Hope Henry Gerald Hope 1119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-I, Issue 20, 14 May 1904, Pages 384–385, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-I.20.384 Published: 14 May 1904
Lexicon-based Sentence Emotion Detection Utilizing Polarity-Intensity Unit Circle Mapping and Scoring Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The study of identifying the emotion present in each text is one of the widely explored domains in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Sentiment Analysis (SA) and Affective Computing (AC) are generally explored by numerous researchers as they are proven to be cross-disciplinary with a huge horizon of potential applications. Emotion detection commonly comes in two main classifications of approaches - machine learning and lexicon-based models. The tradeoff between accuracy and complexity sets the obvious boundaries between these approaches. In this study, we explored an alternative approach to emotion recognition by representing the Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions in a unit circle and generating the appropriate polarity and intensity scores using the unit circle formula. The predicted class will be identified by computing the Euclidean distance of the test instance to the unit circle position of each emotion in the emotion wheel. The model was trained using the datasets from various data sources. Overall, an accuracy of 78% is achieved, outperforming other multiclass lexicon-based classification models. The t-test presents that the differences between the variations of the models (mean-based and median-based scoring) is statistically insignificant at ɑ = 0.05.