jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of the Volatile and Glycosidically Bound Compounds of Minority Vitis vinifera Red Cultivars from NW Spain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aroma composition was analyzed in grape musts from five Vitis vinifera red cultivars (Pedral, Sousón, Caíño Redondo, Espadeiro and Mencía) grown in Galicia (NW Spain) with the aim to know the potential profile of these varieties. All cultivars were collected from Coto Redondo Winery vineyard (A.O.C. Rías Baixas) and grown under the same conditions. All cultivars (with a total of 96 aroma compounds, 35 free volatile and 61 glycosidically \nbound compounds) were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The results showed that Caíño Redondo and Pedral had the highest concentrations of volatile compounds. The free fraction showed the highest concentration for all cultivars studied with the exception of Pedral. High concentrations of free C6-compounds and free alcohols were found for all red cultivars studied, especially for Caíño Redondo. Sousón and Mencía presented similar characteristics in the free fraction. Pedral showed an important contribution of glycosidically bound compounds. This cultivar showed the highest concentration of bound alcohols, terpenoids, volatile phenols, and C13-norisoprenoids. With terpenoids, higher levels were found in the bound fraction than in the free fraction. Regarding C13-norisoprenoids, Pedral also showed an important contribution of these varietal compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a good separation of the different grape cultivars, so they could be discriminated based on their potential volatile composition. The oenological potential of ancient and minority grape varieties from NW Spain, with the aim to provide genetic diversity, is illustrated with this work.
Gd- and Eu-Loaded\nIron Oxide@Silica Core–Shell\nNanocomposites as Trimodal Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance\nImaging and Optical Imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Superparamagnetic maghemite core–porous silica\nshell nanoparticles,\nγ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> (FS), with 50\nnm diameter and a 10 nm core, impregnated with paramagnetic complexes\nb-Ln ([Ln­(btfa)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]) (where btfa\n= 4,4,4-trifluoro-l-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and Ln = Gd, Eu,\nand Gd/Eu), performing as promising trimodal <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>–<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> MRI and optical imaging\ncontrast agents, are reported. These nanosystems exhibit a high dispersion\nstability in water and no observable cytotoxic effects, witnessed\nby intracellular ATP levels. The structure and superparamagnetic properties\nof the maghemite core nanocrystals are preserved upon imbedding the\nb-Ln complexes in the shell. Hela cells efficiently and swiftly internalize\nthe NPs into the cytosol, with no observable cytotoxicity below a\nconcentration of 62.5 μg mL<sup>–1</sup>. These nanosystems\nperform better than the free b-Gd complex as <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> (positive) contrast agents in cellular pellets, while their\nperformance as <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> (negative) contrast\nagents is similar to the FS. Embedding of the b-Eu complex in the\nsilica pores endows the nanoparticles with strong luminescence properties.\nThe impregnation of gadolinium and europium complexes in a 1:1 ratio\nafforded a trimodal nanoplatform performing as a luminescent probe\nand a double <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> MRI contrast agent even more efficient than b-Gd used\non its own, as observed in cell-labeled imaging experiments and MRI\ncell pellets.
Chaos Analysis of Transcranial Doppler Signals for Feature Extraction

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this study, chaos theory tools were used for feature extraction from Transcranial Doppler (TCD) signals. The surrogates data sets of the TCD signals which were used for the nonlinearity analysis were extracted as the first feature set. The nonlinear cross prediction errors which were used for the stationary analysis were also extracted for the TCD signals as another feature set. The chaotic invariant features like correlation dimension, maximum Lyapunov exponent, recurrence quantification measures etc. give quantitative values of complexity of the TCD signals. The correlation dimension and maximum Lyapunov exponent were already used as features for classification of TCD signals in the literature. As another chaotic feature set, the statistical quantitative values were extracted from the recurrence plots. The correct calculation of the time delay and the minimum embedding dimension is crucial to correctly estimate all of the chaotic features. These two data were calculated via mutual information and false nearest neighbours approaches, respectively. The space-time separation plots were used in order to find the ideal dimension of Theiler window w which is another important value for the correct estimate of chaotic measures. The reconstructed chaotic attractors with 3-D embedding and 1-step time delay represent the visual phase space portrait of the TCD signals. The attractors were also suggested as another candidate feature set.
Enhancing selected facial features in very low bit rate video sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel approach to selectively enhance important facial features in very low bit-rate head and shoulders video sequences is described. The selected facial features (eyes, nose and mouth) are tracked from frame to frame and their positions are used to rank image blocks according to their perceptual importance. This ranked list of blocks is used to generate an independent bit stream which can be used to enhance regions of interest in the reconstructed image, depending on the available transmission bit rate. The technique is demonstrated as an add-on to an available H.263 encoder and decoder. Results are presented which show the effectiveness of the method for common image sequences.
Additional Studies of Chemically Treated Clothing for Personnel Protection from Biting Flies.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Combat clothing and wide-mesh hoods treated with the insecticide permethrin have been evaluated for protection against biting flies. Experiments on human subjects indicate excellent protection against mosquitoes from both the clothing and the hoods. Experiments on plastic heads baited with dry-ice indicate moderate protection against blackflies from the hoods whereas the diethyltoluanide (deet) treated hoods gave excellent protection to the uncovered face.
The role of gender, social class and ethnicity in participation and academic attainment in UK higher education: an update

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Richardson (2008b) outlined known relationships between gender, ethnicity, and academic attainment in UK higher education. In the period since this publication, many changes to the higher education sector have occurred, including raising tuition fees, an increased focus on widening participation, and an increasing interest in diversifying the curriculum. There is a need for an updated and expanded literature review to highlight whether the relationships between gender, ethnicity, and academic attainment remain the same one decade later. This article synthesises the current literature related to the impact of gender, social class, and ethnicity on higher education participation and academic attainment. We highlight the important role of intersectionality in understanding overarching trends. Altogether, this literature review shows that there are persisting inequalities in both participation and attainment based on gender, social class, and ethnicity. To conclude, we provide several suggestions for improving our understanding of these phenomena in the decades to come.
The determination of hydramethylnon toxicity bait against Solenopsis invicta Buren

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To determine the toxicity of hydramethylnon baits against Solenopsis invicta Buren,and develop new insecticide to control S.invicta.methods Determinating the toxicity indoor and in field to single ant nest. Results In the indoor determination,the test worker ants all died after 6 days,which indicated that the bait has the effect of slow stomach toxicity to S.invicta.Besides,the selective test indicated that the bait has no obvious repellency to S.invicta.In the field test,the decrease rate of worker ants test mounds on the 5th day and 10th day was 35.93% and 68.18%,and it reached 90.93% on the 30th day after using the bait.The mound rank decreased from 3 to 1 or 0 on the 50th day,the decrease rate was 77.67%,and no queen ant and breeding ant with wings was found. Conclusion The bait has no obvious repellency to S.invicta,and has good slow stomach toxicity and good toxicity transitivity,so it could be developed to be new bait against S.invicta.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Risankizumab for csDMARD-IR Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis: 196-Week Results From the KEEPsAKE 1 Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction & Objectives: Here, we report the long-term efficacy and safety of risankizumab (RZB) in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) through week 196 from the KEEPsAKE 1 trial. Materials & Methods: The ongoing KEEPsAKE 1 clinical trial is a global, phase 3, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RZB versus placebo (PBO) in patients with active PsA. Patients are at least 18 years old and demonstrated an inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to ≥1 conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD-IR). Following a 24-week double-blind, PBO-controlled, parallel-group treatment period (period 1), all patients received open-label RZB every 12 weeks thereafter (period 2). Safety assessments were based on monitoring of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported as events per 100 patient-years (PY). Efficacy and safety analyses were conducted in all randomized patients who received ≥1 dose of the study drug. Results: Overall efficacy results were maintained at week 196 of the KEEPsAKE 1 trial, as compared to previously reported timepoints. At week 196, 39.4% of patients receiving continuous RZB and 38.1% of PBO/RZB patients achieved ACR50; 39.6% of RZB and 35.2% of PBO/RZB patients achieved MDA. In patients with psoriasis severity of ≥ 3% of body surface area (BSA) at baseline, 65.2% on RZB and 62.9% on PBO/RZB achieved PASI90 at week 196. mNAPSI and PGA-F scores improved from baseline by 14.99 and 1.5 points, respectively, for RZB, and by 14.73 and 1.5 points for PBO/RZB patients. In patients with enthesitis at baseline, 60.1% on RZB and 63.4% on PBO/RZB achieved resolution. For patients with dactylitis at baseline, 72.3% on RZB and 77.6% on PBO/RZB achieved resolution. HAQ-DI (RZB -0.40, PBO/RZB -0.33), SF-36 PCS (RZB 8.98, PBO/RZB 7.21) and FACIT-Fatigue (RZB 7.7, PBO/RZB 5.6) scores maintained improvement from baseline to week 196. The overall rates of TEAEs (121.4 E/100PY), serious TEAEs (7.7 E/100PY) and AEs leading to discontinuation of study drug (1.8 E/100PY) have remained stable and comparable to those reported in period 1. Conclusion: The 196-week results of the ongoing KEEPsAKE 1 trial demonstrate the durable efficacy of RZB 150 mg in treating the different clinical manifestations and improving health-related quality of life in csDMARD-IR patients with PsA. RZB continued to be well-tolerated, with no new safety signals.
CMIO : ‘cannot make it oreadi’ an investigation into the construction of mixed identities in inter-ethnic marriages.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examined qualitatively how individuals in inter-ethnic marriages negotiate their ethic identity within the context of a state discourse of multiculturalism that views families and communities as racially homogeneous and distinct. Interviews were conducted involving of a sample of ten individuals in inter-ethnic marriages. This investigation found that ethnicity remained a significant part of the identity of these individuals. Using cultural resources, they constructed a mixed identity that was both situational and an amalgamation of theirs and their partner’s ethnicities. Using this mixed identity, they found ways to resist the rigid ethnic boundaries instituted by the state. By looking at the experiences of individuals in inter-ethnic marriages, this paper elucidated ethnic relations in Singapore and argued for a more inclusive discourse of multiculturalism.
Professional Baseball and Social Mobility

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Professional Baseball and Social Mobility Professional sports in America, along with the church, crime, entertainment, and politics have long been regarded as valuable alternate avenues of upward mobility for poor and uneducated, but talented and ambitious young men. Contemporaries and historians have both assumed that sport was an area of American life where youths made it on their own, regardless of social background. Unfortunately, historians have conducted little empirical research to test whether sports have actually been an important source of social mobility. This article shows that professional baseball, the national pastime, was greatly overrated as a source of upward mobility during the Progressive Era when the game was at its unchallenged height.'
Workshop on evaluation of earthquake hazards and risk in the Puget Sound and Portland areas

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Three tasks were undertaken in the forum provided by the workshop: (1) assessing the present state-of-knowledge of earthquake hazards in Washington and Oregon including scientific, engineering, and hazard-reduction components; (2) determining the need for additional scientific, engineering, and societal response information to implement an effective earthquake-hazard reduction program; and (3) developing a strategy for implementing programs to reduce potential earthquake losses and to foster preparedness and mitigation. Thirty-five papers were given at the workshop and each of these has been abstracted for the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Data Base (EDB). In addition, the volume includes a glossary of technical terms used in earthquake engineering in Appendix A.
Real-Time Photometric Calibrated Monocular Direct Visual SLAM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To solve the illumination sensitivity problems of mobile ground equipment, an enhanced visual SLAM algorithm based on the sparse direct method was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the vignette and response functions of the input sequences were optimized based on the photometric formation of the camera. Secondly, the Shi–Tomasi corners of the input sequence were tracked, and optimization equations were established using the pixel tracking of sparse direct visual odometry (VO). Thirdly, the Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) method was applied to solve the joint optimization equation, and the photometric calibration parameters in the VO were updated to realize the real-time dynamic compensation of the exposure of the input sequences, which reduced the effects of the light variations on SLAM’s (simultaneous localization and mapping) accuracy and robustness. Finally, a Shi–Tomasi corner filtered strategy was designed to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm, and the loop closure detection was realized based on the oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) features. The proposed algorithm was tested using TUM, KITTI, EuRoC, and an actual environment, and the experimental results show that the positioning and mapping performance of the proposed algorithm is promising.
Hopf bifurcation with the symmetry of the square

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Four identical nonlinear oscillators, coupled with the symmetry of a square, can undergo a symmetric version of the standard Hopf bifurcation. Golubitsky and Stewart (1986) have studied the case of N oscillators coupled in a ring with nearest-neighbour coupling. Their results are incomplete for the square case (N=4) because they only considered periodic solutions which have 'maximal' symmetry. Here the author studies the dynamics of all possible square-symmetric Hopf bifurcations; these codimension-one bifurcations are parametrised by the three complex cubic coefficients in the normal form. He finds that invariant tori (quasiperiodic solutions with two frequencies) and periodic solutions with 'minimal' symmetry bifurcate from the origin for open regions of the parameter space of cubic coefficients. The coefficients can be chosen so that the invariant tori are the only asymptotically stable solutions near the origin. Thus a direct transition from a stable fixed point to flow on a stable invariant torus is expected in certain laboratory experiments with only one adjustable parameter (provided the square symmetry is accurate enough). Furthermore, it is conjectured that there are attracting chaotic solutions arbitrarily close to the bifurcation in a certain codimension-two case.
Linear and non‐linear scaling of the Yangtze River flow

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Power law correlation properties of sign and magnitude series have been studied based on the series of observation records of flow of the River Yangtze. The results obtained give improved insight into and understanding of the linear and non‐linear processes of the water cycle. With the newly developed Delayed Vector Variance method and the surrogate test, the documented linkage between the sign series and the linear process, and that between the magnitude series and non‐linear process can be verified. The spectra estimated by detrended fluctuation analysis method show different properties of intra‐annual and inter‐annual correlations in both sign and magnitude series. The linear process behaves as an 1/ f noise at a time scale less than about 60 days, but shows features of anti‐persistence in terms of long‐term fluctuation. The magnitudes are clustered in three ways mainly caused by non‐linear processes, i.e. periodic clustering, strong short‐term clustering of 1/ f noise at time scales less than 20 days, and long‐term clustering with weak persistence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VO2 Estimation Equation Accuracy to Young Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

B Objective: analyze the agreement of the V̇O2max values estimated by American College of Sports Medicine‎ and Foster equations with direct measure gas analyze in young Brazilian males. The maximal oxygen uptake, as a health indicator and mortality predictor, can be assessed in different ways. The gold standard comprises the direct measurement of exhaled gases, which entails high cost. A more conveniently form can be estimation equations. Materials and methods: this study assessed VO2max of 41 young Brazilian males (21.4 ±2.2 years) by cardiopulmonary exercise test in a treadmill ergometer with a ramp protocol. Bland and Altman analysis was performed to verify the agreement between V̇O2max measured and estimated values by ACSM and Foster equations. Results: the measured VO2max was 52.3 ± 4.9 ml.kg-1.min-1. The difference between the measured V̇O2max and the estimated V̇O2max by the ACSM equation (9.40±3.67) was approximately 7.5 times greater than the difference between the measured V̇O2max and estimated V̇O2max by Foster's equation (1.25±3.46). Bland Altman graphics shows that only ACSM equation had mean differences that were significantly different from the measured value. Conclusions: the ACSM equation showed not appropriate for during treadmill stress testing young adults in a ramp protocol and Foster equation seems to be a more accurate estimator of V̇O2max for this population, besides showed a bias along the aerobic capacity, trending to overestimates and underestimates V̇O2max of least and most fit people, respectively.
Digital humanities and the study and teaching of North American religions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The digital humanities are a collection of methodologies with a long history in the disciplines of literature, linguistics, media studies, and pedagogy. These methodologies and the scholars who employ them have recently gained widespread attention among academics and observers of higher education. While the digital humanities have deep roots in the field of religious studies, most scholars of religion have been relatively slow to embrace digital methods for research and pedagogy. This essay provides an introduction to the cluster of research and teaching methods generally grouped under the term “digital humanities.” Digital humanists create digital archives, research collections, and exhibits; map and visualize information using online tools; and develop and apply computational methods of textual and visual analysis. This essay offers examples of scholarship and pedagogy on North American religions that use each of these methodologies, and concludes with a brief discussion of resources for learning about and becoming involved with digital humanities work.
Characterizing the Influence of Sonic Hedgehog Guidance on Cranial Neural Crest Cell Migration into the Zebrafish Forebrain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are known to migrate out from the dorsal ridges of the neuroectoderm. In contrast to this conventional view, we show that reentry of CNCCs into the central nervous system (CNS) is required for proper development of the forebrain and the commissures found within. A subpopulation of these anterior CNCCs appear to re-enter the forebrain and directly contribute to both HuC/D+ and Tg(olig2:GFP)+ cell populations, and thus impact cell groups of the anterior and post optic commissures (AC and POC). We demonstrate this unusual role of CNCCs in forebrain development by observing a complete loss of NCC intfap2a/2c double mutants to show significant disruptions of both neuronal populations and forebrain commissures. As these cells were previously unseen there are little to no data on factors influencing their migration into the CNS. NCCs migrate collectively via a “chase and run” mechanism, where cells follow the SDF-1 concentration gradient secreted by the olfactory placode. However, CNCC migration could be influenced by additional cues including those secreted by CNCCs themselves. We investigate whether Sonic hedgehog (Shha), a member of the hedgehog (Hh) family of chemo attractants, is required for anterior and medial migration of NCCs (Barresi 2005, Tesla a et al 2013). Shh may function both as a mitogen and morphogen, guiding CNCCs into commissural regions of the forebrain. We visualized Sox10 positive CNCCs in the transgenic lines Tg[sox10:nls-eos] along with Tg[shha:gfp] to identify Shh expressing cells and Tg[GBS-ptch2:nls-cherry] to identify cells expressing the Shh receptor ptch2 (Hadzhiev et al, 2007). We have analyzed the impact of Shh overexpression on the forebrain and commissures by inducing heat shock in embryos from the transgenic Tg[hsp70I:shha-EGFP], and have analyzed the impact of reduced Shh function on commissure formation in embryos treated with Cyclopamine, an inhibitor of the Shh receptor Smoothened. Funded by NSF IOS-1656310.
Ptiliolum besucheti n.sp., Pteryx franzi n.sp., and Nephanes euphorbiicola n.sp. from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

231 TAXONOMIC NOTES Ptiliolum besucheti n.sp., Pteryx franzi n.sp., and Nephanes euphorbiicola n.sp. from the Canary Islands (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) by GUNNAR ISRAELSON Tribus Ptiliini Ptiliolum besucheti n.sp. (Figs 1-2) Ptiliolum canariense Besuchet, named in collections but not published. Type locality: Canary Islands, La Palma: Bco. Dorador. Diagnosis: By the sinuation of its pronotal sides immediately before the distinctly angular hind corners, combined with the more or less conspicuously granulate upper surface of its comparatively small body besucheti resembles wuesthoffi Rosskothen. But it differs from the latter by the averagely smaller body, paler colour, less strongly transverse prothorax, less coarse granulation,