jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Some Analytical Implications of the Statutory Construction of Genocide

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The explicit legal definition of "genocide" as a "crime" derived specifically from the conditions of the Holocaust. Despite the conjuncturally bound nature of the concept, the ideological basis for the definition rested in a model of "genocide" as an historically ubiquitous and perpetually imminent possibility in human affairs. The tension between the immediate political ends of the concept's legal architects and the desire to use the criminalization of genocidal practice as a deterrent to future incidences, as well as to make ideological capital at a time of the Cold War, produced a United Nations Genocide Treaty with an inherently contradictory and limited character. This paper examines these contradictions and asks whether there is any utility in looking to the statutorily embedded model of genocide to decide whether genocidal practices are being directed toward African-Americans today.
Rainfall‐induced consolidation and sealing effects on soil erodibility during concentrated runoff for loess‐derived topsoils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Flume experiments simulating concentrated runoff were carried out on remolded silt loam soil samples (0·36 × 0·09 × 0·09 m 3 ) to measure the effect of rainfall‐induced soil consolidation and soil surface sealing on soil erosion by concentrated flow for loess‐derived soils and to establish a relationship between soil erodibility and soil bulk density. Soil consolidation and sealing were simulated by successive simulated rainfall events (0–600 mm of cumulative rainfall) alternated by periods of drying. Soil detachment measurements were repeated for four different soil moisture contents (0·04, 0·14, 0·20 and 0·31 g g −1 ). Whereas no effect of soil consolidation and sealing is observed for critical flow shear stress ( τ cr ), soil erodibility (Kc) decreases exponentially with increasing cumulative rainfall depth. The erosion‐reducing effect of soil consolidation and sealing decreases with a decreasing soil moisture content prior to erosion due to slaking effects occurring during rapid wetting of the dry topsoil. After about 100 mm of rainfall, Kc attains its minimum value for all moisture conditions, corresponding to a reduction of about 70% compared with the initial Kc value for the moist soil samples and only a 10% reduction for the driest soil samples. The relationship estimating relative Kc values from soil moisture content and cumulative rainfall depth predicts Kc values measured on a gradually consolidating cropland field in the Belgian Loess Belt reasonably well (MEF = 0·54). Kc is also shown to decrease linearly with increasing soil bulk density for all moisture treatments, suggesting that the compaction of thalwegs where concentrated flow erosion often occurs might be an alternative soil erosion control measure in addition to grassed waterways and double drilling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linguistic and Cultural Adaptation of a Self-Determination Scale for People With Intellectual Disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The main objective of this study was the adaptation of the scale named AUTODDIS in the cultural and social dimensions and analyze its reliability and validity. The reliability and validity were assessed through a pilot study conducted with a population of students with intellectual disabilities. The linguistic adaptation was done through expert judgment, including each indicator: the adequacy, the coherence, the relevance, and the clarity. After the scale adaptation, the scale pilot was conducted to explore its technical properties. It was performed in a public school for students with intellectual disabilities. For the content, the validity coefficient result was 0,998 while the complete reliability result was α, 978. For the reliability subscales, the results were the following: Autonomy α, 941; self-initiation α, 925; self-direction α, 970; self-regulation α, 804, and self-concept α, 935. The results confirm the AUTODDIS scale as a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the self-determination. However, it is necessary to apply to a larger number of people with intellectual disability to generalize these results.
The Impact of Margin Trading on Stock Volatility: Based on 2014 to 2016 Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper study the impact of margin trading on the volatility of the stock market, We selected 469 observation values among the daily Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index from May 2014 to March 2016. the Granger causality test results are obtained for the model. Empirically study shows that one of the factors affecting stock price fluctuation does include margin trading business, and shows a negative correlation, which plays a more stable role in the stock market.
Fault diagnosis in district heating networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract District Heating Networks (DHNs), which dispatch thermal energy from a heat source to end-users by means of a heat carrier, are composed of pipes that can be affected by faults that endanger system reliability. Thus, reliable diagnostic approaches have to be employed to evaluate the health state of the DHN. In the framework of the ENERGYNIUS research project, the authors of this paper developed a diagnostic approach aimed at detecting and identifying the most frequent faults that affect DHN pipes, i.e., water leakages, heat losses and pressure losses. The diagnostic approach detects and identifies pipe faults by coupling a DHN model with an optimization algorithm. As a result, the health indices of each pipe of the DHN, the fault position, its type and magnitude are provided. This study investigates the capability of the diagnostic approach by using two datasets, in which challenging faults were hypothetically implanted in the DHN of the campus of the University of Parma. The diagnostic approach successfully detected and identified both faults, by also accurately assessing fault magnitude. In addition, the relative error with which each DHN variable is predicted is lower than 0.06 %.
[In vitro activity of imipenem (N-formimidoylthienamycin), a new carbapenem antibiotic].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Imipenem is a beta-lactam carbapenem antibiotic, N-formimidoyl thienamycin-derivate. Imipenem is highly active against gram-negative aerobes and also highly active against gram-positive aerobes and virtually all anaerobes, with MICs very low and MBCs equal or only two-four dilution higher, it has a low degree of affinity for all types of beta-lactamases, shown a good post-antibiotic effect, it is a potent inhibitor to peptidoglycan with a greatest affinity for PBP2 and PBP1, in gram-negative bacteria, and for PBP3, PBP1 and PBP4, in gram-positive bacteria. The precocious bactericidal activity belongs to its low molecular weight, the characteristic of zwitterionic compound, to its hydrophobicity and to, in finally, its compact molecular structure.
Isolation system by leaf spring support

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with a seismic isolation system by leaf spring support for a vertical seismic oscillation. In this experimental apparatus, restoring force becomes nonlinear. Seismic isolation effect on seismic waves was confirmed by analysis using a force determined by geometrical calculations. By this analysis, seismic isolation effects on seismic waves could be confirmed. By using the color map of the response reduction, it became possible to check parameters with a large seismic isolation effect. We will verify the validity of the analysis program by measuring the vibration response by vibration experiment using waves and comparing it with the analysis result.
Middle fossa approach for a pediatric facial nerve meningioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pediatric cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas are extremely rare and are usually treated with a retrosigmoid surgical approach or radiation. The authors present the use of a middle fossa approach for the treatment of a symptomatic CPA meningioma in a 22-month-old female. The patient initially presented at 17 months with isolated progressive, long-standing right-sided facial weakness. MRI demonstrated a 5.0 × 5.0–mm right CPA lesion just superior to the cisternal segment of cranial nerve (CN) VII, which demonstrated growth on interval imaging. At 22 months of age she underwent a successful middle fossa craniotomy, including wide exposure of the porus acusticus, allowing for a gross-total resection with preservation of CNs VII and VIII. Pathological analysis revealed a WHO grade I meningioma. The patient remained neurologically stable on follow-up. The middle fossa approach can be used to safely access the CPA in properly selected pediatric patients.
Aberrant expression of MAPK1 and MCTS1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genomic amplification may result in aberrant gene expression and support development of cancer, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In CML cell line K-562, we recently reported overexpression of TBX1 located at chromosomal position 22q11, focally co-amplified together with BCR, part of the CML hallmark fusion gene BCR::ABL1. Here, we extended that study, by identifying genomically amplified and overexpressed MAPK1/ERK2 at 22q11 together with MCTS1 at Xq22. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA-mediated knockdown assays, our data collectively revealed novel regulatory connections between TBX1, MAPK1 and MCTS1, which may play a role in drug resistance.
Behavior of the Rectosigmoid Bladder After Radical Cystectomy and Sigmoid Colostomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1958Behavior of the Rectosigmoid Bladder After Radical Cystectomy and Sigmoid Colostomy N.S.R. Maluf N.S.R. MalufN.S.R. Maluf More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)66145-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1958 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByKock N, Ghoneim M, Lycke K and Mahran M (2018) Urinary Diversion to the Augmented and Valved Rectum: Preliminary Results with a Novel Surgical ProcedureJournal of Urology, VOL. 140, NO. 6, (1375-1379), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1988. Volume 80Issue 2August 1958Page: 116-129 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1958 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information N.S.R. Maluf More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Racial Differences in the Effect of Stress on Health and the Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: The current study examined racial differences in the relationship between late-life stress and health functioning and the moderating role of perceived social support (PSS) in older adults. Method: A biracial sample of community-dwelling older adults (65+) from the first two waves of the Duke University’s Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE; N = 2,952) was analyzed. Baseline levels of PSS and stress were obtained. Health status was assessed at baseline and follow-up. Results: Analyses revealed a positive effect of PSS on health functioning. There was a three-way interaction among race, stress, and PSS on health functioning. Probing the interaction, for Caucasians, PSS was beneficial at low stress, but not high stress. For African Americans, PSS had a positive effect regardless of stress level. Discussion: PSS is an important protective factor for preserving positive health in late-life; however, benefits may differ by race and intensity of stressor.
Response of Photosynthesis to Some Environmental Factors of High-bush Blueberry Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The photosynthetic induction and response of photosynthesis to environmental factors were investigated in 4 high-bush blueberry cultivars.The results showed that the time of photosynthetic induction was quite long(46-75 min),the photosynthetic induction was the fastest in Reveille,whereas it was the slowest in Sunrise.The CO2 compensation points were rather high(89-121 μmol·mol-1)in the 4 cultivars,indicating that all of the 4 cultivars are typical C3 plants.Compared to southern high-bush blueberries,the northern high-bush blueberries Sunrise and Jersey had higher photosynthetic ability,carboxylation efficiency,the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ and saturation light intensity.In addition,the Sunrise had the lowest light compensation point and characteristics of shade tolerant plant.However,the optimum photosynthetic temperature was lower and the range of it was narrower(23-25℃),indicating that these cultivars were not suitable to grow in southern region with high temperature.The southern high-bush blueberries Reveille,as compared with northern high-bush blueberries,had a wider range(23-35℃)of optimum photosynthetic temperature,which extended its range of introduction and cultivation.
Relationships between the degrees of freedom in the affine Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields and 2-D affine image transformations, with application to covariance properties of simple cells in the primary visual cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When observing the surface patterns of objects delimited by smooth surfaces, the projections of the surface patterns to the image domain will be subject to substantial variabilities, as induced by variabilities in the geometric viewing conditions, and as generated by either monocular or binocular imaging conditions, or by relative motions between the object and the observer over time. To first order of approximation, the image deformations of such projected surface patterns can be modelled as local linearizations in terms of local 2-D spatial affine transformations. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of relationships between the degrees of freedom in 2-D spatial affine image transformations and the degrees of freedom in the affine Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields. For this purpose, we first describe a canonical decomposition of 2-D affine transformations on a product form, closely related to a singular value decomposition, while in closed form, and which reveals the degrees of freedom in terms of (i) uniform scaling transformations, (ii) an overall amount of global rotation, (iii) a complementary non-uniform scaling transformation and (iv) a relative normalization to a preferred symmetry orientation in the image domain. Then, we show how these degrees of freedom relate to the degrees of freedom in the affine Gaussian derivative model. Finally, we use these theoretical results to consider whether we could regard the biological receptive fields in the primary visual cortex of higher mammals as being able to span the degrees of freedom of 2-D spatial affine transformations, based on interpretations of existing neurophysiological experimental results.
Epidermal growth factor receptors in idiopathic and virally induced skin diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The altered distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) in hyperproliferative skin lesions such as psoriasis vulgaris, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, ichthyosis, and others implies aberrant control of growth/proliferation by epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), and other growth factors/cytokines. Whether overexpression of EGF-R: 1) correlates with epidermal proliferation, 2) serves as a hallmark of specific dermatoses, or 3) is due to modulation by multiple growth factors remains unclear. To correlate distributions of EGF-R with in vivo proliferative status, two benign diseases of unknown etiology, seborrheic keratoses and acrochordons (skin tags), were examined using EGF-R immunolocalization and 125I-EGF binding techniques. Lesions documented as growing by clinical criteria or 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (a measure of cell proliferation) were compared to nongrowing lesions of the same type. To correlate distributions of EGF-R to specific dermatoses, skin diseases of viral etiology (verruca vulgaris and molluscum contagiosum) were also probed by EGF-R immunolocalization and 125I-EGF binding. Elevated immunostaining for EGF-R and 125I-EGF binding sites were associated with actively growing seborrheic keratoses and skin tags whereas normal patterns of immunostaining and 125I-EGF binding were seen in nongrowing seborrheic keratoses and skin tags. Viral diseases showed unique patterns. No EGF-R were detected in verruca vulgaris. Molluscum contagiosum lesions showed intense EGF-R in basal keratinocytes and no EGF-R in virally infected cells. Thus elevations in EGF-R show a positive in vivo correlation with proliferation in at least two differing benign diseases of the epidermis. The decreased levels of EGF-R in virally infected lesions suggests that EGF-R may show unique patterns for specific dermatoses and are not universally elevated in benign hyperproliferative skin disorders.
Policy Gradient Stock GAN for Realistic Discrete Order Data Generation in Financial Markets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a new generative adversarial network (GAN) for generating realistic orders in financial markets. In some previous works, GANs for financial markets generated fake orders in continuous spaces because of GAN architectures' learning limitations. However, in reality, the orders are discrete. For example, the orders have minimum order price unit, or order types. Thus, we change the generation method to place the generated fake orders into discrete spaces in this study. Because this change disabled the ordinary GAN learning algorithm, this study employed a policy gradient, frequently used in reinforcement learning, for the learning algorithm. In our experiments, we processed significant volumes of order data over half a year and evaluated our model. Through our experiments, we show that our proposed model outperforms previous models in generated order distribution. As an additional benefit of introducing the policy gradient, the entropy of the generated policy can be used to check GAN's learning status. In the future, higher performance GANs, better evaluation methods, or the applications of our GANs can be addressed.
L-leucinium perchlorate: new molecular complex with nonlinear optical properties. Vibrational, calorimetric and theoretical studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract On the basis of prior X-ray crystallographic results published by J. Janczak and G. Perpetuo, detailed vibrational studies were performed. The FT-IR and Raman spectra at ambient temperature were measured. The NLO properties were determined with the Kurtz-Perry experiment. Theoretical vibrational spectra were calculated. A detailed potential energy distribution (PED) analysis was performed. Assignments of observed bands were made. On the basis of these results, the behaviour of hydrogen bonds in the investigated compound was analysed and discussed. The equilibrium geometry of L-leucinium perchlorate was obtained. The results were compared with experimental X-ray data. The DFT formalism was used in theoretical studies. Detailed TDDFT study of hyperpolarizbility of first and second order for the investigated molecule was performed. Results were compared with experiments. Theoretical population analysis was used to determine the local electron density and local charges in investigated molecule. Differential scanning calorimetric study (DSC) was performed.
A Novel Process for the Extraction of Fragrance Components from Ambrette (Hibiscus abelmoschus L.) Seeds

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The essential oil from ambrette seeds (Hibiscus abelmoschus L. syn. Abelmoschus moschatus, Moerich) has long been used in the perfumery industry. The essential oil is localized mainly in the seed coat that cannot be easily separated from the kernel. Different methods of separation of the seed coat have been attempted, and none of the methods has been found to be satisfactory. A method for its selective extraction with alcoholic solvents and purification is described. A fragrant extract free from fatty acids and fatty oil, which is superior to the steam-distilled product is obtained in improved yields.
Study on infrared photodetectors based on black phosphorus

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Black phosphorus is a novel two-dimensional semiconductor with a special structure and excellent properties. It belongs to the natural P-type narrow bandgap semiconductor, which has a direct bandgap from bulk to monolayer, and can fill the gap between zero bandgap graphene and wide bandgap transition metal chalcogenides. This article mainly conducts a comparative study on the electrical properties of three-layer and thick layer black phosphorus field-effect transistors, exploring the advantages of their application in infrared photoelectric detection. The results show that the device made of three-layer black phosphorus has a smaller dark current and a faster response speed of 8 ms, making it more sensitive in detecting near-infrared light; The carrier mobility of multilayer black phosphorus devices is higher, reaching 68.4 cm2 V-1 s -1 when subjected to a bias voltage of 1 V. At the same time, the photoresponsivity is also higher, reaching up to 0.5 mA/W, and the photoelectric conversion ability is stronger.
New testing platform &#x2013; from PC to personal laboratory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The new testing platform is a package of hardware and software tools for testing real circuits with the use of virtually implemented instruments. The versatility of the system is given by the wide range of instruments implemented in the software, which make the platform suitable for usage in any place, not having the constraints of a laboratory. The working space dimensions of the platform and the lack of connection between all the sockets allow the usage of the platform for testing more circuits or separate parts of the same circuit at the same time. This has proven to be very useful for error debugging since any circuit can be broken down to elementary parts without extra materials, time or cost of rebuilding the circuit again. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the abilities offered by the package, the various ways of using the board for implementing circuits and the combinations of functions offered through the virtual instruments.
Fixed Eruption in Deeply Pigmented Subjects: Clinical Observations on 350 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ever since Brocq (1894) directed attention to certain drug- induced eruptions that he called " fixed," in the sense that they were subject to recurrent exacerbation on each subsequent administration of the inducing drug, interest in the subject has increased.Among the many and varied syndromes provoked by new drugs and food additives (Sternberg and Bierman, 1963), fixed eruptions are becoming increasingly common (Welsh, 1961; Welsh and Ede, 1961).The present study is based on 350 deeply pigmented patients suffering from fixed eruptions seen during the past 10 years (171 Congolese (Browne, 1959, 1960a, 1960b), 175 Nigerians, and 4 others), and provides data that may shed some light on the continuing problem of the localization of the eruptive elements. Primary SensitizationIn the great majority of cases it was possible with a reasonable degree of probability to determine the drug responsible for the induction of the fixed eruption.The following drugs were incriminated: Anti-leprosy Drugs (272 Cases) Dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulphone), or solapsone (Sulphetrone) ... Polysensitivity, following primary sensitization with dapsone ... ... Diaminodiphenyl sulphoxide ... ....