jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for Higher Tolerance to and Lower Accumulation of Arsenite in NtCyc07-Overexpressing Tobacco

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arsenite [As(III)] is a highly toxic chemical to all organisms. Previously, we reported that the overexpression of NtCyc07 enhanced As(III) tolerance and reduced As(III) accumulation in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To understand a mechanism for higher As(III) tolerance and lower As(III) accumulation in NtCyc07-overexpressing tobacco, we examined the expression levels of various putative As(III) transporters (aquaporin). The expressions of putative As(III) exporter NIP1;1, PIP1;1, 1;5, 2;1, 2;2, and 2;7 were enhanced, while the expressions of putative As(III) importer NIP3;1, 4;1, and XIP2;1 were decreased, contributing to the reduced accumulation of As(III) in NtCyc07-overexpressing tobacco. In addition, the levels of oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, superoxide and malondialdehyde) were lower, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) were higher in NtCyc07-tobacco than in the control tobacco. This suggests that the lower oxidative stress in transgenic tobacco may be attributed to the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and lower As(III) levels. Taken together, the overexpression of NtCyc07 enhances As(III) tolerance by reducing As(III) accumulation through modulation of expressions of putative As(III) transporters in tobacco.
Active learning for hierarchical pairwise data clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pairwise data clustering is a well founded grouping technique based on relational data of objects which has a widespread application domain. However, its applicability suffers from the disadvantageous fact that N objects give rise to N(N-1)/2 relations. To cure this unfavorable scaling, techniques to sparsely sample the relations have been developed. Yet a randomly chosen subset of the data might not grasp the structure of the complete data set. To overcome this deficit, we use active learning methods from the field of statistical decision theory. Extending existing approaches we present an algorithm for actively learning hierarchical group structures based on mean field annealing optimization.
Single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of the developmental landscape of Manihot esculenta Crantz leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) is an important crop with high photosynthetic rate and high yield. It is classified as a C3-C4 plant based on its photosynthetic and structural characteristics. To investigate the structural and photosynthetic characteristics of cassava leaves at the cellular level, a single-cell transcriptome atlas of cassava leaves was created. A total of 11,177 high-quality leaf cells were divided into 15 cell clusters. Based on leaf cell marker genes, we identified three major tissues of cassava leaves, which were mesophyll, epidermis, and vascular tissue, and analyzed their distinctive properties and metabolic activity. To supplement the genes for identifying the types of leaf cells, we screened 120 candidate marker genes. We constructed a leaf cell development trajectory map and discovered six genes related to cell differentiation fate. The structural and photosynthetic properties of cassava leaves analyzed at the single cellular level provide a theoretical foundation for further enhancing cassava yield and nutrition.
Calculation of sound power level of tandem axial fan

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Представлено результати чисельного моделюван- \nня течії в осьовому вентиляторі. Проведено тесто- \nвий розрахунок рівня звукової потужності вентиля- \nтора. Результати чисельного моделювання показали \nгарну збіжність. Визначено рівень звукової потуж- \nності для перших двох гармонік геометрично екві- \nвалентного дворядного вентилятора. Результати \nрозрахунків показали, що застосування дворядного \nвентилятора дає можливість зменшити загальний \nрівень звукової потужності на 6.8…7.4 дБ / A numerical simulation of the flow in axial fans with single and tandem geometrically equivalent blade rows was carried out. During the research, the sound power level of the fans was calculated. The acoustic characteristics of the single fan obtained in the numerical experiment were compared with the results of the physical experiment. The divergence between the results of the physical and numerical experiments on the sound power level for the first harmonic is 0.08 %, for the second harmonic – 0.35 %. In order to reduce the acoustic emission, a 3D model of the axial fan with the geometrically equivalent tandem row was constructed. The results showed that at the fan rotation frequency of 900 rpm, the sound power level on the first two harmonics is reduced by more than 7 dB. Also, the change in the total sound power level for axial single and tandem fans in the rotation frequency range of 900 to 1,500 rpm was investigated. The fan with the geometrically equivalent tandem blade row has the total sound power level by 6.9...7.4 dB lower than the single fan. The use of the tandem axial fan allows improving acoustic characteristics
Power requirement in non‐newtonian fermentation broth

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Power requirements in the agitation of non‐Newtonian fermentation broths with and without aeration were measured by a strain gage‐type dynamometer. Broth from the production of gluc‐amylase by Endomyces species and carboxymethyl cellulose solutions were used as non‐Newtonian fluids. In gas–liquid agitation systems, the correlation between P g and P 0 2 ND 3 / Q 0.56 observed by Michel and Miller was found to be applicable to non‐Newtonian fluids in laminar and transition regions. This was particularly true for fluids with apparent viscosities larger than 300 cp. The impeller diameter and impeller blade width had considerable effects on power consumption in a nongassed system. It was suggested, therefore, that P g / P 0 should be correlated by a dimensionless term involving some impeller‐size factors.
Reproduction of Aquaculture Atlantic Salmon in a Controlled Stream Channel on Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sightings and captures of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that have escaped from aquaculture facilities have become common in coastal British Columbia, Canada. A lack of empirical data has prevented the forecast of what effects may result from the presence of this species in the Pacific Northwest. A first step towards this objective is to evaluate the spawning potential of escaped Atlantic salmon. We report results from a study of Atlantic salmon spawning in a simulated stream channel at the Little Qualicum River, British Columbia. Adults were obtained from a local commercial marine net-pen operation; 17 of 19 males and 24 of 30 females matured sexually, and up to 9 females successfully deposited eggs in six redds, five of which yielded viable progeny when the eggs were collected and incubated in Heath trays. Results suggest Atlantic salmon escaping from aquaculture facilities are likely to experience low spawning success in coastal British Columbia. However, based on the high proportion of sexual maturation, and even though successful spawning may be limited, we conclude that adult Atlantic salmon escapees, particularly those observed in freshwater, should be considered potential spawners.
At the nexus between theatre and education : a study of theatre artists' teaching practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Singapore, there is an increasing presence of theatre artists as educators across \nvaried sectors of the educational institutions. However despite their active \nengagement with education, research on what and how they do their teaching is \nlimited. This thesis sets out to investigate the theatre artists’ teaching practices in \neducation settings. The literature reviewed as part of this inquiry point to an \nidentifiable system of pedagogy in the theatre artists’ teaching practices. As such, \none of the key strands of this research is to identify and name what is distinctive \nabout theatre artists’ teaching practices. But more than just identifying \ncharacteristics, I am interested in understanding if there is an overarching philosophy \nthat guides these practices. To that end, I conceptualised a framework, which \nexamines the theatre artists’ teaching practices as inhabiting a nested nexus of two \ndistinguishably separate fields: Theatre and Education. Each with its own variegated \ninfluences and systems of knowledge and values that govern practices. \nWorking with an overarching Bourdieusean theoretical framework, in particular \nhabitus and field, as well as invoking Lyotard’s notion of differend, the study relies \non interdisciplinary theories to aid explication of key concepts related to the study. \nThe study also employs a melding of ethnographic case study and reflective \npractitioner as its methodology. Additionally, it works with “critiquing across \ndifference” (Lather 2008) as a means to challenge and destabilise the reflective \npractitioner lens. This is achieved by structuring the research into two phases. Phase \nI involves researching in England. Working with four theatre artists, I examine how \neach assumes their position as educators in various education settings both within \nand beyond the school environment. The opportunity gained from this experience \ninformed Phase II research in Singapore, the main focus of this inquiry. \nThe findings suggest that to understand theatre artists’ teaching practices require an \nexamination of contexts influencing their teaching acts. This includes their layered \nhistories of both artistic and teaching experiences as well as the relationship they \nhave with the school culture and the objectives and needs of their teaching projects. \nAdditionally, in examining their teaching moments, the study discovers a pattern of \ndoing the same approaches or strategies, differently. Working from the data, an \noverarching world view guiding the construction of their teaching practices is \neventually proposed.
Genetic diversity of domestic pigs in Tierralta (Colombia) using microsatellites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: according to several authors, domestic pigs come from different wild boar populations with varied geographic distribution and are grouped in the genus Sus. Pig domestication occurred gradually. The first animals were small and gathered in small numbers. Several civilizations domesticated this animal as an important source of protein. Tierralta, in Córdoba province, has a large population of domestic pigs, which are a mixture of creole and other breeds. The genetic characterization of populations is used to check the status of genetic diversity, a conclusive element in determining breeding strategies and genetic conservation programs. PCR is the most commonly used technique for studying highly polymorphic markers, such as microsatellites or SSRs. The use of microsatellites is a powerful tool in genetic studies. They have been used for characterization studies of genetic diversity, genetic relationships between populations, paternity testing, inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of domestic pigs in Tierralta (Córdoba, Colombia) using 20 microsatellites. Methods: fifty four samples were studied. Twenty microsatellites recommended by the FAO/ISAG for swine biodiversity studies were used. Results: all the microsatellites were polymorphic, and were detected between 3 (SW911) and 14 (TNFB) alleles (the average number was 6.9 alleles) and a total of 138 alleles were detected. Average expected heterozygosity was 0.5259 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.5120. PIC values ranged from 0.3212 to 0.7980 for loci SW2410 and IFNG, respectively. Conclusions: the results suggest that the analyzed population represents a group with high genetic diversity.
Caching trust rather than content

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Caching, one of the oldest ideas in computer science, often improves performance and sometimes improves availability [1, 3]. Previous uses of caching have focused on data content. It is the presence of a local copy of data that reduces access latency and masks server or network failures. This position paper puts forth the idea that it can sometimes be useful to merely cache knowledge sufficient to recognize valid data. In other words, we do not have a local copy of a data item, but possess a substitute that allows us to verify the content of that item if it is offered to us by an untrusted source. We refer to this concept as caching trust.Mobile computing is a champion application domain for this concept. Wearable and handheld computers are constantly under pressure to be smaller and lighter. However, the potential volume of data that is accessible to such devices over a wireless network keeps growing. Something has to give. In this case, it is the assumption that all data of potential interest can be hoarded on the mobile client [1, 2, 6]. In other words, such clients have to be prepared to cope with cache misses during normal use. If they are able to cache trust, then any untrusted site in the fixed infrastructure can be used to stage data for servicing cache misses --- one does not have to go back to a distant server, nor does one have to compromise security. The following scenario explores this in more detail.
Relationship Quality and Perceived Partner’s Body Appreciation Is Related to Women’s Own Body Appreciation and Sexual Functioning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research on body appreciation is limited, especially when examining its relationship to sexual functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between body appreciation and sexual functioning, while measuring perceived partner's body appreciation and general relationship quality. A sample of 244 women aged 18 to 30 completed measures of sexual functioning, relationship quality, and body image online. General relationship quality and perceived partner's appreciation of one's body predicted levels of sexual functioning. Levels of body appreciation did not predict sexual functioning over and above general relationship quality and perceived partner's appreciation of one's body. This study is the first to demonstrate the significance of general relationship quality and perceived partner's body appreciation in relation to levels of body appreciation and sexual functioning. The findings highlight the importance of understanding body appreciation and its role in buffering the harmful impacts of viewing idealized images within the media.
Detection of Nematophagous Fungi from Heterodera schachtii Females Using a Baiting Experiment with Soils Cropped to Brassica Species from California’s Central Coast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Until the early 1990s, cyst nematodes were abundant pathogens in fields where hosts of Heterodera spp. were frequent members of crop rotations along California’s Central Coast. To mitigate damage caused by Heterodera schachtii and H. cruciferae, the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) was used by more than 43% of surveyed broccoli growers. Over the last few decades, use of 1,3-D and other nematicides has dramatically diminished, suggesting a decline in nematode disease pressure. The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that increased population densities of nematophagous fungi contribute to the low populations of Heterodera spp. in fields frequently cropped to their hosts. In 2016, soil samples were collected from 152 Brassica fields with a broad geographical distribution, from Santa Barbara County to Santa Cruz County. The average number of Heterodera cysts per 250 cm 3 of soil ranged from 0.5 to 27.5, with 62% of the soils harboring no detectable cyst nematodes and only a few samples reaching a potentially damaging threshold level. A baiting experiment with H. schachtii and cabbage was performed in a greenhouse to detect nematophagous fungi associated with nematode females as their posterior end emerged and became exposed to the soil’s rhizosphere. An Illumina-based sequence analysis of these H. schachtii females identified several known nematophagous fungi, including members of the Hyalorbilia oviparasitica clade, Pochonia chlamydosporia, certain Fusarium spp., and others. These soils clearly harbor a diverse population of hyperparasitic fungi that could be biologically suppressing cyst nematodes below a damaging threshold. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Obesity-Induced Hypertension

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract —Obesity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. In the past 5 years there have been dramatic advances into the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of obesity with the discovery of leptin and novel neuropeptide pathways regulating appetite and metabolism. In this brief review, we argue that these mounting advances into the neurobiology of obesity have and will continue to provide new insights into the regulation of arterial pressure in obesity. We focus our comments on the sympathetic, vascular, and renal mechanisms of leptin and melanocortin receptor agonists and on the regulation of arterial pressure in rodent models of genetic obesity. We suggest 3 concepts. First, the effect of obesity on blood pressure may depend critically on the genetic-neurobiological mechanisms underlying the obesity. Second, obesity is not consistently associated with increased blood pressure, at least in rodent models. Third, the blood pressure response to obesity may be critically influenced by modifying alleles in the genetic background.
Pattern of referral before and after referral intervention among primary health centers in North-Western Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The revised Nigerian National Health Policy and the WHO Expert Committee on the Role of Hospitals as the First Referral Level both recognize primary health care (PHC) as the entry point in the referral system. This study was carried out to assess the effect of training of PHC workers on referral and instituting referral focal person among PHCs on key referral indicators in Zaria and Giwa local government areas, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology: The study was a quasi-experimental study with pre- and postinterventional components carried out among seventy participants in the intervention and 62 participants in the control groups who were selected through a multistaged sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire containing close-ended questions. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 20.0. Results: Preintervention, majority of the respondents (74.3%) in the intervention and (67.7%) control groups had not received training on referral process. Postintervention, increase was noted in mean referral rate from 0.18 ± 0.28 to 0.52 ± 0.34, which was statistically significant, and mean counter referral rate from 0 ± 0 to 40.34 ± 45.53 in the study group, but there was no statistically significant change in the control group. Conclusion: Postintervention, significant increases were noticed in two of the practice indicators; referral rate and counter-referral rate in the study group only. The other practice indicators did not record a significant increase.
Intracranial Aneurysm Location: Key Factor in Ruptures with Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background and Purpose Intracranial aneurysms combined with spontaneous internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) are a rare and serious vascular disorder. Currently, there is only limited information available on the clinical characteristics of these patients and the risk factors for aneurysm rupture. Our objective is to describe the clinical features of these patients and predict the risk factors for the rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) combined with ICAO. Methods We retrospectively analyzed cases of intracranial aneurysms with concurrent spontaneous ICAO from the Chinese Multicenter Aneurysm Database(CMAD). We collected population demographic characteristics and clinical data using a standardized case questionnaire from CMAD. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for rupture of UIA associated with combined ICAO. Results We identified 93 patients with intracranial aneurysms combined with ICAO, including 38 females and 55 males, with an average age of 60.7 ± 9.5years (ranging from 32 to 79 years old). Among those with ICAO, 52 had ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) and 41 had UIAs. Specifically, there were 81 cases of unilateral ICAO, with 16 aneurysms located on the same side as the ICAO, 22 in the midline, and 43 on the opposite side of the ICAO; 12 cases were bilateral ICAO. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that risk factors associated with the rupture of UIAs with ICAO included bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and aneurysms in the posterior circulation. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that posterior circulation aneurysms are an independent risk factor for the rupture of UIAs with ICAO. Conclusion We have described and analyzed the clinical characteristics and risk factors influencing the rupture of intracranial aneurysms in patients with ICAO. The study found that the location of the aneurysm is an important risk factor for the rupture of UIAs combined with ICAO.
A survey on midwives work ability at public hospitals and health-care centers in Mashhad in 2011

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Work ability is an interaction between individual and occupational factors influencing the working life of employee and is an important factor in working quality and security. The aim of this study was to determine the work ability in midwives. Methods: This was a descriptive study on123 midwives employed in the public hospitals and health-care centers of Mashhad meeting the inclusion criteria. The subjects were selected by two- stage sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires about demographic information, work characteristics and Work Ability Index (WAIQ). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 14 and statistical tests such as independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson,s correlation test were used. Results: Results showed that mean ± SD of age and work ability of midwives was 32.7± 1.02 and 38.81±0.05 years, respectively. 0.8% of midwives had poor, 31.73% moderate, 49.59% good, and 17.88% excellent work ability. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between work ability and work experience (p=0.011, r = -0.431). Conclusion: Midwives work ability was generally low in Mashhad. It can be increased through such special ways as dividing tasks among the members for lowering workload and periodic examination by physicians.