jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Linear Regression Analysis of Sleep Quality in People with Insomnia in Wuhan City during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. COVID-19 has evolved into a major global public health event. The number of people reporting insomnia is growing exponentially during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the relationship between aggravated insomnia and COVID-19-induced psychological impact on the public, lifestyle changes, and anxiety about the future. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used the questionnaires from 400 subjects who were obtained from the Department of Encephalopathy of the Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2020 and July 2021. The data collected for the study included demographic characteristics of the participants and psychological scales consisting of the Spiegel Sleep Questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the results. Correlation analysis of variables affecting insomnia was performed using Pearson correlation analysis. The degree of influence of the variables on insomnia was determined using linear regression, and a regression equation was derived. Results. A total of 400 insomnia patients participated in the survey. The median age was 45.75 ± 15.04 years. The average score of the Spiegel Sleep Questionnaire was 17.29 ± 6.36, that of SAS was 52.47 ± 10.39, that of SDS was 65.89 ± 8.72, and that of FCV-19S was 16.09 ± 6.81. The scores of FCV-19S, SAS, and SDS were closely related to insomnia, and the influencing degree was in the following order: fear, depression, and anxiety (OR = 1.30, 0.709, and 0.63, respectively). Conclusion. Fear of COVID-19 can be one of the primary contributors to worsening insomnia.
[Advances in Understanding of the Infection/Replication Mechanisms and Virulence Determinants of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can cause reproductive barriers in breeding pigs and respiratory symptoms in piglets. In this review, we summarize research progress of the infection and replication mechanisms of the PRRSV. We also review the virulence determinants of the PRRSV. All these fundamental studies are important for the control and elimination of the PRRSV.
Conversation and Writing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research in women's psychology shows that gaining voice, for women, is important in overcoming emotional and psychological problems, including eating disorders where the body becomes the voice in a situation of silence and disconnection. Integrating such research with a postmodern, systemic approach, this article shows how therapeutic conversation and writing facilitate the recovery of a bulimic woman and produce a new circle of communication that alters prior meanings, relationships, and identity. Drawing on the principles of collaboration and intersubjectivity, this approach centers on the "poetics of voice," or the language practices sponsoring the development of voice in women. In accordance, this article incoporates the voice of the client as a commentator on the essay.
Invasive Optical Pacing in Perfused, Optogenetically Modified Mouse Heart Using Stiff Multi-LED Optical Probes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present the first invasive use of a stiff, multiLED optical probe for intramural optical stimulation of cardiac tissue. We demonstrate that optical pacing is possible with high spatial and temporal resolution in transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2. The technical implementation of this study builds on optical probes recently developed and tested ex vivo in cerebral tissue of mice. The probes comprise LEDs integrated on flexible substrates stiffened by silicon-based MEMS structures enabling the successful penetration into the cardiac tissue. The probe technology is extended to allow dual-sided illumination for directional tissue stimulation. Implantation trials affirm the ability to optically pace the isolated perfused heart at stimulation frequencies between 4Hz and 12Hz with experimentally determined emittance levels of 10mW mm-2 Rapid activation of two distant LEDs could reliably be used to induce short runs of ventricular fibrillation, while simultaneous activation of all LEDs allowed termination of re-entrant rhythm disturbances (optical defibrillation). Thus, spatially-resolved intramural pacing and rhythm control of the isolated heart is possible using stiff, multi-LED optical probes.
Anisotropic pressure and finite hot-electron Larmor radius effects on hot-electron ring stability

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of the anisotropic pressure of a hot-electron plasma on ballooning-interchange and compressional-Alfvén modes is investigated. General eigenmode equations for these modes are derived in the eikonal and high phase velocity limits with finite gyroradius effects retained. A local dispersion relation is obtained in the flute limit for an isotropic Maxwellian background plasma with a bi-Maxwellian hot-electron population. Stability is investigated both analytically and numerically for this high phase velocity and/or high precessional frequency model.
Nitric oxide mediates hepatic arterial vascular escape from norepinephrine-induced constriction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the vascular escape from norepinephrine (NE)-induced vasoconstriction was investigated in the hepatic arterial vasculature of anesthetized cats. The hepatic artery was perfused by free blood flow or pump-controlled constant-flow, and NE (0.15 and 0.3 μg ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 , respectively) was infused through the portal vein. In the free-flow perfusion model, the NE-induced hepatic vasoconstriction recovered from the maximum point of the constriction, resulting in 36.6 ± 5.9% vascular escape. Blockade of NO formation with N ω -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 2.5 mg/kg ipv) potentiated NE-induced maximum vasoconstriction, and the potentiation was reversed byl-arginine (75 mg/kg ipv). Furthermore, NE-induced vasoconstriction became more stable after l-NAME, resulting in an inhibition of vascular escape (7.5 ± 3.3%), and the inhibition was reversed by l-arginine (23.0 ± 6.4%). Similar potentiation of NE-induced vasoconstriction and inhibition of hepatic vascular escape by l-NAME (40.4 ± 4.3% control vs. 10.2 ± 3.7% post-l-NAME escape) and the reversal byl-arginine were also observed in the constant-flow perfusion model. The data suggest that NO is the major endogenous mediator involved in the hepatic vascular escape from NE-induced vasoconstriction.
Multistage stochastic programming model and solution algorithm for the capacity expansion of railway network

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider a capacity expansion problem for a railway network under uncertainty. In our approach, integer and stochastic programming provide a basic framework. We develop a multistage stochastic programming model in which some of the variables are restricted to integer values. Given the distribution of the number of customers in a scenario, the problem of minimizing the expected value of the total investment cost is considered. The problem is reformulated as a problem with first stage integer variables and continuous second stage variables. An L-shaped algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.
Effects of Integrated Workplace Violence Management Intervention on Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy, Goal Commitment, Attitudes, and Confidence in Emergency Department Nurses: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patient and visitor violence (PVV), the most prevalent source of workplace violence, is largely ignored, underreported, and a persistent problem in emergency departments. It is associated with physical injuries, psychological distress, and occupational stress in nurses. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Taiwan from January to December 2020. This study aimed to test the efficacy of an integrated Workplace Violence Prevention and Management Training Program on PVV in 75 emergency department (ED) nurses from a hospital. Cluster sampling was used because the policy of subdivision strategy was enforced during the COVID-19 pandemic. ED nurses received either the intervention or 1-hour in-service class. Data were collected from questionnaires. Data were analyzed mainly by the repeated measure analysis of variance and generalized estimating equations. The intervention had positive effects on developing stronger goal commitment, improving occupational coping self-efficacy, increasing confidence in ability to deal with violent situations, and modifying attitudes toward the causes and management of PVV in ED nurses (p < 0.05). The marginal R2 of the generalized estimating equation model for goal commitment, occupational coping self-efficacy, confidence, attitudes toward aggression in ED and aggressive behavior variables was high as 0.54 (p < 0.001), 0.45 (p < 0.001), 0.58 (p < 0.001), 0.29 (p < 0.05), and 0.72 (p < 0.001), respectively. These study models could effectively predict changes in the mean values. The benefit was driven by the effect of the intervention in ED nurses. Thus, the intervention, when applied in conjunction with routine in-service class, could exert synergistic improvements on outcomes measured in nurses.
Pattern of Drug Use by Advanced Cancer Patients Followed at Home

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to document the drugs most commonly prescribed to control symptoms in advanced cancer patients being followed at home. We analyzed data for 128 patients admitted to a home palliative care program from January 1993 to January 1995. All patients were followed at home until death by a team consisting of doctors and nurses, and were given two or three medical examinations a week. The most frequently prescribed drugs were analgesics and drugs commonly used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric toxicity. Slow-release morphine was the analgesic used most often. Most patients received more than four drugs. Younger people received morphine more often than did older patients. Conclusions Drug monitoring is a useful audit tool for verifying the quality and quantity of drugs prescribed for advanced cancer patients being followed at home. Pharmacological usage should be reviewed periodically and should reflect evidence-based practice.
Localization and quantitative analysis of interleukin-6 in human placenta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

在在人的胎盘的轻显微镜的层次和它的定量分析的 IL-6 的本地化被使用 immunohistochemistry 学习。在胎盘的绒毛，在绒毛的毛状的洞 stromal 房间的白血房间和毛状的内皮细胞层的 syncytiotrophoblast 和 cytotrophoblast 在细胞质介绍 IL-6 immunoreactivity。用一个量的 immunohitochemical 方法，在胎盘的 IL-6 的数量在怀孕期的第 6 星期是低的，突出地增加了并且达到顶点在第 7，然后在怀孕期时期的其余部分期间逐渐地减少了并且在怀孕期的第 6 星期内维持了象那的一样的水平。这个变化趋势是有在我们的以前的研究的 GnRH 的 paralleled。这些结果表明 IL-6 能被人的胎盘生产并且可以参加胎盘的荷尔蒙释放的规定。
Toward Emerging Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensing Technology

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the progress of nanoscience and biotechnology, advanced electrochemical biosensors have been widely investigated for various application fields. Such electrochemical sensors are well suited to miniaturization and integration for portable devices and parallel processing chips. Therefore, advanced electrochemical biosensors can open a new era in health care, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring. This Special Issue serves the need to promote exploratory research and development on emerging electrochemical biosensor technologies while aiming to reflect on the current state of research in this emerging field.
Isomeric Effects in Fragmentation by Beta Decay: Monotritiated Propanes and Toluenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The spectra of positively charged fragments from beta decay of tritium in primary and secondary monotritiated propane and in o-, m-, p-, and α-monotritiated toluene have been determined by mass spectrometric techniques. Although the number of products from decomposition of each molecule is quite large, the mass patterns from the two propanes are fairly similar while the four mass spectra from the isomeric tritiated toluenes are very nearly the same. These results suggest that the influence of the location of the radioactive atom in the molecule on the fragmentation following beta decay is often obscured by secondary processes, such as radiationless transitions, H-atom migration, and other rearrangements of the excited molecular ion before breakup. However, there are significant differences within the two groups of mass spectra. Some of the differences in the propane patterns are consistent with the greater stability of the secondary propyl structure as compared to that of the primary isomer. Energetically plausible decomposition schemes for the tritiated propanes are proposed. The distributions of excitation energies made available to the daughter molecular ions (C3H7He3)+ in the beta transformation of H3 to He3 are estimated.
Goethe, the Japanese National Identity through Cultural Exchange, 1889 to 1989

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This is a study of the alleged “singular reception career” 1 that Goethe experienced in Japan from 1889 to 1989, i. e., from the first translation of the Mignon song to the last issues of the Neo Faust manga series. In its path, we will highlight six areas of discourse which concern the most prominent historical figures resp. figurations involved here: (1) the distinct academic schools of thought aligned with the topic “Goethe in Japan” since Kimura Kinji <styled-content>,</styled-content> (2) the tentative Japanification of Goethe by Thomas Mann and Gottfried Benn, (3) the recognition of the (un-)German classical writer in the circle of the Japanese national author Mori Ōgai <styled-content></styled-content>, as well as Goethe’s rich resonances in (4) Japanese suicide ideals since the early days of Wertherism (Ueruteru-zumu <styled-content></styled-content>), (5) the Zen Buddhist theories of Nishida Kitarō <styled-content></styled-content> and D. T. Suzuki <styled-content></styled-content>, and lastly (6) works of popular culture by Kurosawa Akira <styled-content></styled-content> and Tezuka Osamu <styled-content></styled-content>. Critical appraisal of these source materials supports the thesis that the polite violence and interesting deceits of the discursive history of “Goethe, the Japanese” can mostly be traced back, other than to a form of speech in German-Japanese cultural diplomacy, to internal questions of Japanese national identity.
Prevention of Recurrent Bleeding from Esophageal Varices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients surviving an episode of variceal bleeding are at a high risk of rebleeding and, therefore, it is mandatory to provide effective therapy to prevent new bleeding episodes. This is best achieved by the combination of drug therapy with non-selective beta-blockers and endocopic band ligation of the varices; the use of simvastatin decreases mortality. Treatment failures are best managed by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Predictors of failure include being on beta-blockers and band ligation at admission, non-response to beta-blockers, poor Child–Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, and the presence of important comorbidities such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of death depends mostly on the degree of liver failure, usually evaluated by the presence of other complications of portal hypertension (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, bacterial infections), MELD and Child–Pugh score, and by the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
A Theoretical Study of the Stability and Dielectric Constants of Molybdate-Phosphonic Acid Complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we investigated the stability of Molybdate-Phosphonic Acid (MPA) complex by density functional theory (DFT) computations in six solvents with the dielectric constant ranging from 1.92 to 10.36. The methods are used for calculations are B3LYP and B3PW91 that have been studied in two series of basis sets: D95**and 6-31+G (d,p) for hydrogen and oxygen atoms; LANL2DZ for Mo and Phosphorus. Considering the effect of solvent, using PCM solvent model, the stability of MPA complex when passing to higher dielectric constants is calculated. Predicted geometry and relative stability are discussed. Equilibrium geometry in the ground electronic state energy has been calculated for 1:1 complex. The best results for energetic and geometrical ground state in different of used solvents were obtained with Becke3LYP calculations. An increasing stabilization of MPA when increasing the dielectric constant in a continuum solvent model.
Polymer processing for thin bondline cladding

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In NOVA, the edges of the laser amplifier disks must be cladded with a few millimeters of absorber glass. This absorber glass is doped to absorb amplified spontaneous emission which would be parasitic to the desired amplification. The processing of the polymer for thin bondline cladding requires several steps. These steps are metering, mixing, filtering, degassing, inspecting, applying, and curing. The order of the steps will depend on the properties of the chosen polymer. In this paper, we will discuss the methods, the available equipment, and pertinent information for each step in the polymer processing. 1 tab.
2019 North American bison dietary quality and composition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

These are data from a survey in 2019 of bison dietary quality and composition from a survey of 45 herds across the conterminous United States. Bison fecal material was collected monthly from April to September in 2019. Fecal material was analyzed for dietary quality using near infrared spectroscopy and dietary composition with DNA metabarcoding.
Effect of splenectomy based on inverse probability weighting of the propensity score on Wilson's disease with hypersplenism: A retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypersplenism is a long-term complication of Wilson's disease (WD). Patients often have to stop copper excretion treatment due to the decrease in blood cell count aggravation of abnormal liver function, anaemia, bleeding caused by coagulation dysfunction. The present study aimed to explore the effect of splenectomy on serum, biochemical indicators and neurological function in patients with hypersplenism of WD to evaluate the impact of splenectomy on their survival and prognosis. Due to the non-randomness of splenectomy in patients with hypersplenism in WD in the present study, the propensity scoring model and inverse probability treatment weighting were used to evaluate the age, sex, duration of the disease. A total of 86 patients (40 with and 46 without splenectomy) were included in the present study. The baseline and preoperative data were adjusted by the inverse probability weighting method using the propensity score model. There was no significant difference in distribution of propensity scores between the two groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in time-weighted PLT levels in patients with hypersplenism of WD [after adjustment, odd ratio (OR)=0.010; 95% CI, 0.0013-0.047; P<0.001]. The time-weighted Child-Pugh scores after adjustment also suggested a significant difference (OR=0.0684; 95% CI, 0.018-0.207; P<0.001). The time-weighted modified Young scale scores demonstrated no statistical significance (after adjustment, OR=0.294; 95% CI, 0.074-1.001; P>0.05). Survival data showed a mean survival time of 11.2±3.15 years with a 10-year survival rate of 64.97% for patients with non-splenectomy and 12.9±2.62 years with a 10-year survival rate of 92.11% for patients with splenectomy, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Due to crossover of survival curves at a later stage, the data were analysed using landmark analysis. The results suggested that splenectomy decreased death rate within 10 years by 84% compared with the non-splenectomy group (HR=0.158; 95% Cl, 0.0198-1.2545; P<0.05), but the survival rate of the two groups was not statistically significant after 10 years. (HR=0.445; 95% Cl, 0.2463-0.8022; P>0.05). In conclusion, splenectomy significantly improved levels of PLT and liver function in patients with hypersplenism of WD, neurological function did not deteriorate and survival rate was improved.
Central Nervous System and Facial Defects Associated with Maternal Hyperthermia at Four to Fourteen Weeksʼ Gestation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a previously published retrospective study, the authors stressed the possible teratogenicity of hyperthermia, as opposed to infection, at 4 to 16 weeks' gestation. At the same time, they delineated the similarities in phenotype in exposed offspring, which are dependent upon the timing of exposure to hyperthermia. In the present paper, they expand on the previous study by analyzing 14 additional cases, with emphasis upon the clinical similarites in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and facial dysmorphogenesis that arise with exposure after the time of neural tube closure. They correlate these clinical findings with experimental animal studies and explore the implications of the differential effect of the timing of hyperthermic exposure in early gestation. Table 1 presents the clinical findings among the 24 patients for whom hyperthermia could be pinpointed to within a 2-week period. They all fell into the 4− to 14-week period of gestation. In four additional cases, hyperthermic exposure was said to have occurred-either repeatedly or at an indeterminate time during the first trimester of pregnancy. All of the patients showed some form of CNS deficit. Structural abnormalities included microcephaly, microphthalmia, and autopsy evidence of neuronal heterotopias and/or polymicrogyria. Functional deficits included mental deficiency, seizures, micropenis interpreted as secondary to luteinizing hormone deficiency, and therefore a sign of hypothalamic dysfunction, and variable alterations in muscle tone. Five of the 28 patients showed neurogenic contractures, and six patients were reported as being hypotonic, with increased deep tendon reflexes. This hypotonic diplegic pattern, usually associated with a poor neurological prognosis, was more prevalent in the patients exposed after 7 weeks' gestation. Eight of 11 patients exposed at 4 to 7 weeks' gestation showed evidence of facial dysmorphogenesis, including midface hypoplasia, cleft lip and/or palate, micrognathia, and external ear anomalies. Facial dysmorphogenesis was evident in only one of 13 cases exposed after 7 weeks' gestation. All four patients for whom the timing of exposure could not be precisely ascertained within the first trimester showed evidence of midface hypoplasia. In addition, one of these four patients had abnormally small external auditory canals. Other dysmorphic features noted were minor limb abnormalities, including syndactyly (four of 23), one case of polycystic lungs and kidneys, and one case of endocardial cushion defect. The majority of patients showed evidence of postnatal, as opposed to prenatal onset of growth deficiency. In three of the 28 cases, hyperthermia was secondary to prolonged hot tub or sauna bathing. The spectrum of infective etiologies included viral flu-like illnesses, pyelonephritis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and streptococcal pharyngitis. There was no association between the nature of the infectious illness, or medications utilized in treatment of the illness, and the clinical phenotype.