jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical contents and antioxidant potentials of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Sorghum), Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) and their varying blends

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of natural ingredients in food products has gained wide acceptance because of their health benefits for both humans. Sorghum bicolor and Hibiscus sabdariffa possess abundant phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that promote health and wellness. This research was carried out to examine the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities of Sorghum bicolour, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and their blends The leaf sheaths of Sorghum bicolor and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were procured, dried till constant weight, then pulverised to assess their phytochemical compositions qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition to undiluted sorghum and roselle, blends comprising 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle, 25% Sorghum + 75% Roselle, and 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle were derived, to make a total of five treatments for evaluation. The DPPH activities of the plants and their blends were also assessed. The results showed that saponin, alkaloids, flavonoid, tannin and reducing sugar were found in the blends. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in phytochemical composition of Sorghum bicolor, Roselle and their different blends. Tannin and Saponin contents were significantly (p<0.05) highest (125.67, 65.19, respectively) in 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle and lowest in 100%Roselle (85.42) and 100% Roselle (52.19). Alkaloid and reducing sugar followed the same trend with 100% Roselle having significantly (p<0.05) higher values (59.12, 12.89), while 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle had the lowest value of 40.76, and 7.82respectively. Flavonoid was significantly (p<0.05) the highest (82.31) in 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle and lowest in 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle. The antioxidant activity measured via DPPH was significantly different (p<0.05) across treatments with 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle recording the highest (66.53), 100%Sorghum had the lowest (49.69), while 100% Rosselle, 75% Sorghum + 25% Roselle and 50% Sorghum + 50% Roselle had values of 65.20, 64.13 and 57.20 respectively. The combination of Sorghum bicolor and roselle blends presents greater antioxidative properties, with great potentials for the reducing lipid oxidation and microbial activities that can lead to food spoilage, thus improving the shelf life of food and ensuring the safe consumption of such food products in which they are embedded.
Seismic microzonation and soil-structure resonance analysis in Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal: insights from ambient vibration measurements

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Bhaktapur, lying in the Kathmandu Basin, suffered damages during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, potentially exacerbated by local site effects. This research addresses the lack of site response study on Suryabinayak Municipality, located in the southern part of Bhaktapur district. Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and Floor Spectral Ratio (FSR) methods were employed to determine the fundamental frequencies of soil deposits at 241 free field stations and 20 Reinforced Concrete (RC) isolated buildings respectively. The fundamental frequency of soil deposits varies from 0.27 Hz to 10.00 Hz. Higher frequencies were noted near the basin edges, attributed to shallow sediment deposits, whereas a lower frequencies prevailed towards the basin centre due to an increase in sediment thickness. Out of 20 buildings studied, 7 are highly susceptible to soil-structure resonance as the frequency disparity between building and free-field is less than 15%. This research not only quantified the frequency distribution and soil-structure resonance likelihood but also established a correlation between building height and its fundamental frequency. A significant correlation is observed with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 60.64% and 83.36% in the longitudinal and transverse directions respectively. The study’s results can be endorsed to mitigate seismic hazards, build seismic-resilient structures, and maintain historical monuments.
Cognitive Style (risk-caution) and its Relationship to Meta-memory Skills among Secondary School Students in the District of South Hebron

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between cognitive style (risk-caution) and the meta-memory skills among the secondary school students in the South Hebron district. To achieve the goal of the study, correlational approach, cognitive style measurement (risk-caution) and meta-memory measurement were used. The study was conducted on 295 students (male and female). The findings revealed that both the cognitive style level (risk-caution) and the meta-memory skills level were moderate, and that there was a statistically significant inverse negative relationship between the cognitive style level score (risk-caution) and meta-memory skills scores. The findings also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the means of the cognitive style (risk-caution) and the means of meta-memory skills attributed to gender, but there were statistically significant differences due to the grade in favor of Grade 11. According to the findings of the recent study, it is critical to establish a program which can develop the meta-memory skills among students, particularly those with moderate or low achievement.
Chemical characterization of Grechetto grape pomace for potential valorization in a biorefinery perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) assessed vineyard among the main crops worldwide and the resulting waste represent a critical issue. Winery waste and their content of natural active principles have been extensively explored for changing them into new resources with high added value. The recovery of bioactive phenols and polysaccharides from pomace offers promising opportunities for producing novel ingredients across different sectors, enhancing winery economic sustainability and reducing environmental impact. In this scenario, studies concerning white grape cv Grechetto, widely cultivated in Italy, are very limited. The present work studied the possibility of exploiting white Grechetto whole pomace, skins and seeds, in a biorefinery perspective for a large-scale green extraction process to implement in the winery. Grechetto dried pomace were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy– Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to obtain a qualitative fingerprint. Polyphenols were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array and Mass Detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS) and Folin-Ciocalteu assay; polysaccharides by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), chemical hydrolysis and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy. Total phenols were 51 ± 1, 25.36 ± 0.08 and 85 ± 2 mg/g GAE on whole dried pomace, skin and seed respectively, with similar trend obtained by HPLC-DAD-MS. Crude polysaccharides, studied for the first time in white Grechetto, were 12%, 13% and 8% on dried whole pomace, skins and seeds. They were present in relatively high quantities, with glucuronic acid, acetyl and methyl groups similar to pectin, suggesting their potential use as a gelling agent.
Distributed high-temperature sensing based on optical frequency domain reflectometry with a standard single-mode fiber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Distributed temperature sensing up to 600°C at a fiber length of 100.75 m based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) was demonstrated using a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) without any treatment. The spatial resolution was 2.5 mm. An algorithm, instantaneous optical frequency resampling (IOFR), to eliminate the nonlinearity of the laser source was proposed and used to obtain calibrated reference and measurement signals that were used for temperature demodulation. Moreover, the temperature response stability of the annealed SMF was better than that of un-annealed SMF, where the temperature sensitivity was 1.96 GHz/°C at 600°C.
Development and Evaluation of an Investment Algorithm Based on Markowitz's Portfolio Selection Model : Case Studies of the U.S. and the Hong Kong Stock Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops an investment algorithm based on Markowitz's Portfolio Selection Theory, using historical stock return data, and empirically evaluates the performance of the proposed algorithm in the U.S. and the Hong Kong stock markets. The proposed investment algorithm is empirically tested with the 30 constituents of Dow Jones Industrial Average in the U.S. stock market, and the 30 constituents of Hang Seng Index in the Hong Kong stock market. During the 6-year investment period, starting on the first trading day of 2006 and ending on the last trading day of 2011, growth rates of 12.63% and 23.25% were observed for Dow Jones Industrial Average and Hang Seng Index, respectively, while the proposed investment algorithm achieved substantially higher cumulative returns of 35.7% in the U.S. stock market, and 150.62% in the Hong Kong stock market. When compared in terms of Sharpe ratio, Dow Jones Industrial Average and Hang Seng Index achieved 0.075 and 0.155 each, while the proposed investment algorithm showed superior performance, achieving 0.363 and 1.074 in the U.S. and Hong Kong stock markets, respectively. Further, performance in the U.S. stock market is shown to be less sensitive to an investor's risk preference, while aggressive performance goals are shown to achieve relatively higher performance in the Hong Kong stock market. In conclusion, this paper empirically demonstrates that an investment based on a mathematical model using objective historical stock return data for constructing optimal portfolios achieves outstanding performance, in terms of both cumulative returns and Sharpe ratios.
A theoretical investigation of through-space interactions. Part 3. A semiempirical study of the Cope rearrangement in singly annellated semibullvalenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of singly annellated semibullvalenes has been studied by semiempirical (MNDO, AM1, PM3) calculations. The Cope rearrangement is examined in each case. In the ethano-annellated system 3 the groundstate for the molecule is predicted to be the symmetrical homoaromatic species 3c. This provides another example of the elusive class of neutral homoaromatics.
PTU-264 Providing a colonic stenting service for malignant bowel obstruction: a district general hospital experience: Abstract PTU-264 Figure 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction There is growing evidence for the efficacy and safety for the insertion of self expanding metal stents (SEMS) in the treatment of acute malignant colonic obstruction. 1 This allows either palliation or a bridge to surgery in an otherwise acutely unwell patient. Colonic stenting literature quotes technical success rates in excess of 85%. 1–4 Our unit has been inserting colonic SEMS since 2006. Prior to this we had extensive experience in therapeutic endoscopy but not in colonic stenting. We have observed a learning curve with colonic stenting that is encouraging for endoscopists who are considering implementing the technique. Methods All SEMS insertions from July 2006 to December 2011 were analysed retrospectively by examining a combination of endoscopy reports, the CRC database and patient notes. A successful SEMS deployment was defined as: satisfactory radiological and endoscopic evidence of colonic decompression at time of deployment and clinical improvement. All SEMS insertion successes and failures were collated and the data compared in consecutive groups of ten procedures. Results 70 SEMS insertions were attempted in 62 patients. Each procedure is carried out endoscopically with radiological guidance by a gastroenterologist. Ten (14.3%) of the stents were proximal to the splenic flexure. The overall success rate for SEMS deployment was 88.6% (n=62). Abstract PTU-264 figure 1 shows the success rates improvement with the number of procedures carried out. 7 of the 8 failures occurred in the first 20 procedures carried out in our unit. Reasons for unsuccessful procedures are failure to traverse stricture with guidewire (n=5), stent slippage (n=2) and poor bowel prep & excessive looping (n=1). Overall complications rates were low. There were two perforations (2.9%), one of which underwent emergency surgery while the other was managed conservatively. Restenosis occurred in two patients (2.9%) and tumour overgrowth occurred in 1 (1.4%). Abstract PTU-264 Figure 1 Conclusion SEMS technology is now readily available and is a safe and effective means of treating malignant colonic obstruction. As with all new techniques there is a learning curve associated with its implementation. We have shown that the learning curve is surmountable and that potentially any unit could offer a colonic SEMS service. Competing interests None declared. References 1. Vemulapalli R , Lara LF, Sreenarasimhaiah J, et al. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55 :1732–7. 2. Manes G , de Bellis M, Fuccio L, et al. Arch Surg 2011;146:1157–62. 3. Foo C , Poon JT, Law WL . Colorectal Dis 2010; 13 :549–54. 4. Olubaniyi BO , McFaul CD, Yip VSK, et al. Ann R Coll Surg Eng 2008; 91 :55–8.
Carbon Dynamics in Aquatic Ecosystems in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Altered Nutrients Availability

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aquatic ecosystems will experience altered inorganic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous availability in the future due to elevated atmospheric CO2, stronger stratification and anthropogenic activities. Despite its importance in modulating global carbon cycles, how carbon dynamics in aquatic ecosystem response to the future global change remains largely unknown. Here we performed a chemostat experiment to study how equilibrium carbon dynamics response to elevated CO2 and altered N, P availability. Our results show that elevated CO2 led to enhanced photosynthetic carbon uptake and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production. DOC occupied larger percentage in total organic carbon production in high CO2 environment. N addition stimulated biomass carbon accumulation. Collectively, in the future, high CO2 and low nutrient availability lead to high C: nutrient ratio in both biomass and dissolved organic carbon. It indicates a possible change in nutrient limitation and increase in recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon as long term carbon sequestration. Total carbon consumption remains unclear and will depend on the net effects of depleted nutrients and elevated CO2.
Association of hGrb10 Genetic Variations With Type 2 Diabetes in Caucasian Subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The genes contributing to type 2 diabetes are mostly unknown (1). Grb10 is an adapter protein that, in target tissues (2,3), interacts with the insulin receptor (3–9), thus affecting downstream signaling (10–12) and insulin action (2,7,10–16). We tested the hypothesis that variants in the Grb10 gene modulate the risk for type 2 diabetes, one of the most frequent outcomes of insulin resistance.

Resequencing of coding and immediately flanking sequences of hGrb10 (17,18) identified six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), five of which had a minor allele frequency >5%. Based on their physical location and their mutual linkage disequilibrium, these five SNPs (i.e., rs1800504, rs2715128, rs2072235, rs4947710, and …
Operation and Control of Reactive Distillation for Synthesis of Methyl Formate

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Esterification of formic acid and methyl alcohol in reactive distillation column is an effective process for synthesis of methyl formate.Operation and control of reactive distillation for synthesis of methyl formate is studied.First, the thermodynamic properties and reaction kinetics are analyzed, then the comparison of the three operation methods of reactive distillation are studied and at last the operation method with formic acid fed at top column is researched.The results show that it works quite well for this synthesis process.
Interdependence, Density Dependence, and Networks in Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the theoretical and methodological challenges that arise due to the interdependence of actors within political processes. Networks of communication and association provide a resolution to the micro—macro problem in political analysis—they provide a vehicle through which individual behavior is reciprocally connected to behavior in the aggregate. A central argument of the article is that these networks are endogenous not only to individual choice and preference, but also to the environmentally imposed supply of associates, giving rise to patterns of density dependence in politics. Density dependence, in turn, produces its own complex consequences for political processes, and hence interdependence frequently becomes a theoretical as well as a methodological imperative in political analysis.
An Investigation on the Application of Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching in Local Anatomy Course of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Specialty

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of online and offline blended teaching in local anatomy courses of acupuncture specialty. It introduces the concept and characteristics of blended teaching mode and analyzes the respective advantages of online and offline teaching as well as the advantages and application prospects of blended teaching mode. The teaching status quo of local anatomy courses in acupuncture and moxibustion is analyzed, pointing out the problems of the traditional teaching mode and the application prospect of the blended teaching mode. In the practical part, the preparation and design of online teaching resources, the design of offline practical teaching sessions, and the evaluation methods of teaching effect are introduced in detail. This study aims to provide new teaching modes and ideas for teaching acupuncture and moxibustion and promote the improvement of teaching quality.
Identification of multiple U-turns using gyroscopes: comparative assessment of two methods

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The identification of turnings segments during walking trials including the U-turns represents the first preliminary step required for the analysis of gait featuring straights and turns. To this purpose IMU-based methods were developed, however many of them rely on the a-priori knowledge of the number of turns. In this study, we selected two methods and compared them to evaluate their ability to detect the number of turns in continuous gait with multiple U-turns without further assumptions. Gyroscope data were recorded during gait trials performed at different speeds by two groups of subjects (healthy elderly and patients with Parkinson disease). Results show that the method that employs a sensor on the back yields better results than the one making use of a sensor on the ankles.
Pupillary signs in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pupillary function was investigated in 36 insulin-dependent diabetics and 36 controls matched for age and sex. About half of the diabetics had evidence of peripheral somatic or autonomic neuropathy, or both. The diabetic patients had abnormally small pupil diameters in the dark and less fluctuation in pupil size (hippus) during continuous illumination than the controls. They also had reduced reflex responses to light flashes of an intensity adjusted for individual retinal sensitivities. The pupillary findings were compared with results of five tests of cardiovascular function and five tests of peripheral sensory and motor nerve function. Almost all the patients with autonomic neuropathy had pupillary signs, which we therefore conclude are a common manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Inhibitory potential of Lactobacillus species isolated fromfermented dairy products against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background & Objectives: Probiotics exert a strong antagonistic activity against many microorganisms including food spoilage organisms and enteropathogens.Lactobacilli find increasing acceptance as probiotics by showing its beneficial effects.Keeping in view the benefits of probiotics in literature, the present study was planned to isolate Lactobacillus spp.from different fermented dairy products and to study the inhibitory potential against biofilm forming bacteria viz.Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).Methods: Lactobacillus spp.were isolated from different fermented dairy products and characterized.The antimicrobial activity of each Lactobacillus spp. was checked by agar well diffusion and overlay methods.The strains showing inhibitions in these assays were further used to detect biofilm inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus by microtiter plate biofilm assay method.Results: A total of 21 samples were studied of which pure growth was observed in 67% and mixed growth was observed in 33% of the samples.Of 18 isolates obtained, 45% belonged to Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum), 33% were Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.acidophilus) and 22% comprised of Lactobacillus fermentum (L.fermentum).Ten isolates showed inhibition against E.coli and 9 isolates showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus in agar well diffusion assay and overlay method.In microtiter plate biofilm assay, the absorbance values were less in the wells where E. coli and S. aureus were mixed with the Lactobacillus broth. Interpretation and Conclusions:The Lactobacillus strains showing inhibitory activities against the pathogens can be used as probiotics or as starter culture in food fermentations after confirming other attributes.
THE ACTUALIZATION OF SPIRITUALITY AND INTELLECTUALITY OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE THOUSAND OF MOSQUE ISLAND (LOMBOK)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Pulau Seribu Masjid’ is the name for the island of Lombok which represents a high level of religiosity due to the supports of lots of spiritual sets such as mosques, Islamic boarding schools and many others. Lombok as the religious intellectuality island, it’s obvious seen from the majority of Muslims and lots of achievements in the field of religion. Moreover, the adequate number of Islamic boarding schools and places of public worship is another point term of increasing religious spirituality and intellectuality. The achievements of this large device are also not inferior in number and quality. However, at this high point, the vision of social justice for all of nature (including social justice for Muslims and Muslim women) which is championed by the noble ideals of Islam still requires a more progressive perspective. Along with these achievements, various problems also emerged, one of which was the inequality of space for the actualization of Muslim spirituality and intellectuality, both in the family and in the public sphere. The forms of inequality are the zero representation of women scholars on the Thousand Mosques Island. So this study finds that access to space for increasing the spirituality and intellectual capacity of Muslims and Muslim women is the same but the actualization of spirituality and religious intellectuality is unequal. So it is considered strange for women to lead prayers after congregational prayers even though it is a space that can be accessed by both Muslims and Muslim women.