jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Learning constraints from demonstrations with grid and parametric representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We extend the learning from demonstration paradigm by providing a method for learning unknown constraints shared across tasks, using demonstrations of the tasks, their cost functions, and knowledge of the system dynamics and control constraints. Given safe demonstrations, our method uses hit-and-run sampling to obtain lower cost, and thus unsafe, trajectories. Both safe and unsafe trajectories are used to obtain a consistent representation of the unsafe set via solving an integer program. Our method generalizes across system dynamics and learns a guaranteed subset of the constraint. In addition, by leveraging a known parameterization of the constraint, we modify our method to learn parametric constraints in high dimensions. We also provide theoretical analysis on what subset of the constraint and safe set can be learnable from safe demonstrations. We demonstrate our method on linear and nonlinear system dynamics, show that it can be modified to work with suboptimal demonstrations, and that it can also be used to learn constraints in a feature space.
Focusing on Oppression in Social Work Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter stresses the importance of focusing on the oppression in social work education. It emphasizes that social work students need to deeply understand how the intersectionality of oppression works in clients’ situations in a society where individuals grow into neoliberalism. To bring a more substantial impact to the issue, a new teaching method was piloted based on combining experiential knowledge; work with personal, cultural, and structural analyses according to Neil Thompson; and the self-experiential techniques of the Theater of the Oppressed. The effects of the teaching were evaluated using a photovoice technique with students and people with lived experience. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The chapter introduces the teaching approach and evaluation results and further discusses how oppression could be taught in social work education. The chapter closes by presenting barriers to teaching about oppression as well as possible strategies to overcome them.
Care for the caregiver: benefits of expressive writing for nurses in the United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper introduces expressive writing as a new tool to build psychological resilience in nurses by helping them to reduce the negative impact of the primary sources of stress in their jobs. Delivering care to patients exposes nurses to intense stressors including staffing and workload problems, communication breakdowns, death, bereavement, and medical error. Not surprisingly, these conditions contribute to job dissatisfaction and burnout which are primary causes of nurse turnover. There is an acute need for low cost and simple interventions that enhance nurses' coping with problems leading up to burnout and turnover. We found almost 2 out of 3 RNs reported trouble sleeping, almost half reported feeling burned out, and 1 out of 4 were depressed. Expressive writing has been widely used and is well validated in many non-nursing populations in helping people cope more effectively with job-related stress and traumatic events. Writing improves health in several ways. One way is through exposure, the process by which difficult emotions become less potent and more manageable. Second is cognitive restructuring, which brings about new ways of thinking about stress that makes painful events less upsetting. Third is improved self-regulation, which is the ability to cope with and regulate one's emotions. The well-being of nurses directly affects the quality of patient care. Expressive writing is a time-efficient and easy-to-use intervention to help nurses cope with job upheavals in an effort to reduce job distress, turnover and, ultimately, improve the work environment and patient outcomes.
Certifying solutions of degenerate semidefinite programs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the algorithmic aspects of solving feasibility problems of semidefinite programming (SDP), aka linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Since in some SDP instances all feasible solutions have irrational entries, numerical solvers that work with rational numbers can only find an approximate solution. We study the following question: is it possible to certify feasibility of a given SDP using an approximate solution that is sufficiently close to some exact solution? Existing approaches make the assumption that there exist rational feasible solutions (and use techniques such as rounding and lattice reduction algorithms). We propose an alternative approach that does not need this assumption. More specifically, we show how to construct a system of polynomial equations whose set of real solutions is guaranteed to have an isolated correct solution (assuming that the target exact solution is maximum-rank). This allows, in particular, to use algorithms from real algebraic geometry for solving systems of polynomial equations, yielding a hybrid (or symbolic-numerical) method for SDPs. We experimentally compare it with a pure symbolic method; the hybrid method was able to certify feasibility of many SDP instances on which the exact method failed. Our approach may have further applications, such as refining an approximate solution using methods of numerical algebraic geometry for systems of polynomial equations.
Elucidating Bioreductive Transformations within Physically Complex Media: Impact on the Fate and Transport of Uranium and Chromium

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Uranium and chromium are two elements of particular concern within the DOE complex that, owing to their abundance and toxicity, appear well suited for biologically mediated reductive stabilization. Subsurface microbial activity can alter the redox state of toxic metals and radionuclides, rending them immobile. Furthermore, anaerobic bacterial metabolic products will help to buffer pulses of oxidation, typically from fluxes of nitrate or molecular oxygen, and thus may stabilize reduced contaminants from oxidative mobilization. Imparting an important criterion on the probability that contaminants will undergo reductive stabilization, however, is the physical nature along with the chemical and physical heterogeneity of the media. In our study we have been investigating the impact of chemical/mineralogical heterogeneity on uranium reduction, with an emphasis on iron transformations and resulting impacts on contaminant retention. We have, in particular, emphasized considering chemical/mineralogical and physical complexity on bioreduction of metals. Over the past year we have also made appreciable advances on discerning geochemical constraints on microbially mediated reduction of U(VI) and on means to discern spatial heterogeneity in operative biogeochemical reactions within soils and sediments.
The Effect of Numerical Statements of Risk on Trust and Comfort with Hypothetical Physician Risk Communication

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective. To contribute to the debate about whether nu-meric statements of risk ought to be included in risk commu-nications. Design. Subjects (n = 115) completed a question-naire involving a physician risk communication and 4 scenarios, each of which described a patient with symptoms and signs potentially suggestive of cancer. Each scenario was presented in 3 risk communication versions (a verbal version and 2numeric versions) in awithin-subject 4 × 3 design. Sub-jects rated their trust in and comfortwith the information and their belief that the physician distorted their risk level. Re-sults. Subjects were significantly more trusting of (t = 4.0, P &lt; 0.001) and comfortable with (t = 3.4, P = 0.001) the risk infor-mation, less likely to believe that the physician minimized the risk in the numeric versions than verbal versions (t = 4.3, P &lt; 0.0001), and just as likely to believe that the physician ex-
A Lecture/Laboratory Course on Microcomputer-Based Medical Instrumentation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Most existing courses on computers in medicine study applications of minicomputers or large-scale mainframes. These courses typically emphasize data-base management or computer simulation of biological systems. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, our course has evolved away from these applications and toward design of microcomputer-based medical instrumentation. To support this course, we have developed a textbook on this topic and a set of ten laboratory experiments that give the student hands-on experience with both hardware and software aspects of instrument design.
Defending the Sufis in Nineteenth Century Hyderabad

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As India gradually fell into British hands, Hyderabad State became the last great bastion of traditional Indo-Muslim social and intellectual life. The old families of court and religious notables sought to maintain a metaphysical and moral order which vanished elsewhere in the dust clouds of the Rebellion. But the reformist versions of Islam that emerged in British India did find their way to Hyderabad, splintering its Muslims into polemical and defensive factions. In order to examine the strategies by which members of the old elite sought to defend the old order, this article reconstructs the biography of a major Hyderabadi Sufi, Iftikhār 'Alī Shāh Waṭan (1249/1833—1324/1906). In a period generally framed as one of religious change and reform, the article explores the patterns of continuity and 'counter reform' which are no less important to understanding Indian Muslim history in the late nineteenth century.
Spatial - Temporal variability of Land Use Land Cover at Mount Merapi, Indonesia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

One of the most active volcanoes in the island of Java is Merapi mount which was experienced the last major eruption peak on October 26th, 2010. This volcanic eruption was effusive eruption type where magmatic gas pressure in the crater was not too strong and magma eruption was just flown out past the slopes of the Merapi mount area. However, magmatic gas pressure and magma volume still result in deformation changes that have a direct impact on residential areas throughout the Merapi mount area. Residential areas were obtained through supervised classification process from Landsat 7 and 8-satellite imagery in the 2009, 2011 and 2019 acquisition year. The reason of observation year selection was based on pre and post eruption concept to get pattern of Merapi’s mountain body change through deformation analysis. The work focuses on spatial-temporal variability of land use land cover analysis at Mount Merapi pre and post 2010 eruption event considered here. The technique is based on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and False Colour Composite methodology. Based on change in number of pixels it was analysed. Actually, some portion of land was covered with clouds and its shadows. From the results it was observed that, water body, barren and built up features were miss classified. So finally False Colour Composite (FCC) images are used to identify the misclassified classes.
Mechanical properties and radiation tolerance of ultrafine grained and nanocrystalline metals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Austenitic stainless steels are commonly used in nuclear reactors and have been considered as potential structural materials in fusion reactors due to their excellent corrosion resistance, good creep and fatigue resistance at elevated temperatures, but their relatively low yield strength and poor radiation tolerance hinder their applications in high dose radiation environments. High angle grain boundaries have long been postulated as sinks for radiation-induced defects, such as bubbles, voids, and dislocation loops. Here we provide experimental evidence that high angle grain boundaries can effectively remove radiation-induced defects. The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique was used to produce ultrafine grained Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Mechanical properties of the alloy were studied at elevated temperature by tensile tests and in situ neutron scattering measurements. Enhanced dynamic recovery process at elevated temperature due to dislocation climb lowers the strain hardening rate and ductility of ultrafine grained Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Thermal stability of the ultrafine grained Fe-Cr-Ni alloy was examined by ex situ annealing and in situ heating within a transmission electron microscope. Abnormal grain growth at 827 K (600°C) is attributed to deformation-induced martensite, located at the triple junctions of grains. Helium ion irradiation studies on Fe-Cr-Ni alloy show that the density of He bubbles, dislocation loops, as well as irradiation hardening are reduced by grain refinement. In addition, we provide direct evidence, via in situ Kr ion irradiation within a transmission electron microscope, that high angle grain boundaries in nanocrystalline Ni can effectively absorb irradiation-induced dislocation loops and segments. The density and size of dislocation loops in irradiated nanocrystalline Ni were merely half of those in irradiated coarse grained Ni. The results imply that irradiation tolerance in bulk metals can be effectively enhanced by microstructure refinement.
Correlation between hallux valgus angle and age.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was made of the relationship between the hallux valgus angle and age. Between January 1983 and June 1985, 464 hallux valgus operations were performed on 404 patients at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Huddinge Hospital. The mean age of the patients was 54 +/- 12 years (range 16 to 75). The patients were divided into six groups with regard to nature and extent of radiographic changes. Linear regression analysis was used for analysis of the correlation between age and hallux valgus angle. A significant correlation was found in group 1: hallux valgus grade 1, type I (great toe rotated, slight bunion) and group 6: hallux valgus grade 2, type III (great toe rotated, severe bunion and severe arthrosis). There was a large scatter around the lines, however, which means that age is poor predictor of the hallux valgus angle.
Volume-herding interaction in the American market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the existence of herding in the US market. We study the turnover effect on herding movement by modifying the Cross- Sectional Standard Deviation (CSSD) model and the Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) model. Results are inconclusive about the presence of herding in the US financial market. However, we find that trading volume can trigger herding. By applying VAR and Granger causality tests, we find a strong link between herding and trading volume in both directions. More particularly, we find that trading volume can enhance herding behaviour and vice versa, i.e. herding intensifies trading. Moreover, we examine the herding behaviour during the subprime crisis, and find that herding is inhibited during this period.
Understanding the nature and impact of cognitive fluctuations and sleep disturbances in dementia with Lewy bodies: A qualitative caregiver study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterised by rapid fluctuations in attention, which are known as “cognitive fluctuations.” Despite the fact that cognitive fluctuations are considered to be a core dementia with Lewy bodies symptom, they are very difficult to define and measure using existing quantitative subjective measurement tools, which are typically completed by caregivers. Cognitive fluctuations are also likely to be influenced by various aspects of sleep, but this is as yet unexplored. The primary aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the phenomenology of cognitive fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies by understanding caregiver experiences. Methods: Seven caregivers of people with dementia with Lewy bodies completed one-to-one semistructured interviews, which were conducted by telephone. Caregivers were asked to describe the nature, frequency, duration and potential triggers of cognitive fluctuations that were experienced by the individual with dementia with Lewy bodies. Caregivers were also asked about the subjective sleep experience of the individual with dementia with Lewy bodies, and about their own sleep experiences. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Thematic Analysis. Results: Caregivers reported that there was a great deal of individual variation in the frequency, duration and severity of cognitive fluctuations. Patient sleep disturbances, including excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal awakenings, restless legs and sleep apnoea, were common. However, the impact of sleep alterations or experiences upon the fluctuations was reported to be less clear. Caregivers also reported that their own sleep was negatively affected, potentially due to actively listening for overnight events and behaviours. Conclusions: Qualitatively, caregivers report that dementia with Lewy bodies cognitive fluctuations show large individual variations in terms of their frequency, duration and severity, but that subjectively, sleep may not consistently influence this symptom. Specific, caregiver-focussed interventions are likely to be necessary to maintain good sleep health in dementia with Lewy bodies caregivers.
Socialization and Implementation of Midwifery Teleconsultation "Tanya Saja" app

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has spread globally and caused nearly 10,000,000 diagnosed cases and 500,000 deaths as of June 28, 2020. The impact of covid-19 can be greater on vulnerable populations. Pregnant women tend to be more physiologically and psychologically vulnerable to infectious diseases, putting them at higher risk of maternal complications. To avoid exposure to the COVID-19 virus, the government through the task force protocol recommends that health services in the form of education through teleconsultation, so that in exploring the challenges faced during the current covid-19 pandemic, smartphone technology in the form of applications with android operating information systems in support of information is provided. The purpose of making the Android-based "Ask Only" Midwifery Consultation application is as a promotive and preventive effort to spread the Covid-19 virus both to health workers and clients in providing remote midwifery care services. This devotional activity was held in December 2021. The method of devotion carried out by the form of socialization to the target of midwifery in Posyandu Kemuning VII Karawang Kulon Puskesmas Tanjungpura village with a total of 57 participants. The results of this activity obtained more participant data in the age group of ≤ 35 years, most participants from high school-PT education background, the majority of participants as Housewives, the majority of participants' knowledge about teleconsultation both, most participants gave an interested response using the Tanya Saja application.
The effect of a phytogenic feed additive on morphological and biochemical parameters the blood of the Edilbaev sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article discusses the results of the effect of a phytogenic feed additive on hematological blood parameters of Edilbaev sheep. It was found out that the use of a phytogenic feed additive had a positive effecton the intensity of the growth of sheepdue to the activation of redoxprocessesin the body and increased protein metabolism,which in turn leads to an improvement in the productive and fattening qualities of young animals. The greatest effect from the use of the studied feed additive was observed in the group of animals, where its concentration was 15 grams per head per day.
LANGUAGE HYBRIDIZATION: VIOLENCE OR RESISTANCE?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Em meio ao cenário multilíngue angolano, a língua portuguesa é representada em discursos estatais, jurídicos e oficiais. O português em Angola, hoje conhecido como “Português Angolano” por ter sofrido diversas mudanças, é denominado por estudos linguísticos de “língua híbrida”, “língua crioula”, “língua sincrética”. Procuramos problematizar a hibridização linguística pelas chaves da violência ou da resistência linguística. Na chave da violência linguística, apagam-se as nuances e diferenças das línguas angolanas no sentindo em que coloca a língua portuguesa em posição de prestígio e como valor simbólico, tornando-a língua central na cena política. Por outro lado, na chave de resistência linguística, como a defendida por Glissant, a língua híbrida, que já não é mais a mesma dos tempos coloniais, sofreu e sofre interferências várias que evidenciam a resistência dos falantes dentro das possibilidades que lhes permitam alguma interferência na brecha, no rastro/resíduo, pois atuam na opacidade.
A Multi-Graph Joint Learning Network with Side Information for Recommender Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The application of knowledge graph in recommendation algorithms effectively enhances the interpretability of recommendation results, but it still lacks the mining of deep semantic information. Aiming at the problem that the current knowledge graph based recommendation algorithm is difficult to fully mine the potentially related information between entities, this paper proposes a multi-graph joint knowledge graph recommendation algorithm. This model combines the ideas of metapath2vec and EGES to enhance the embedding representation of nodes by simultaneously learning the original graph composed of the node itself and the auxiliary graph consisting of their side information to improve the recommendation effect. Extensive experiments on public datasets show that, compared with other benchmark algorithms, the proposed approach has a certain improvement in accuracy and robustness, and has a better ability to deal with sparse data.
The Lived Experience of Middle-Aged Saudi Patients With End-Stage Chronic Renal Disease on Hemodialysis Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: More than 20,000 patients with chronic renal disease are receiving hemodialysis treatment in Saudi Arabia. Approximately, 57.4% of nurses in Saudi are expatriates. However, these nurses may not have sufficient cultural knowledge, which may affect perception of nursing care. Our purpose was to understand the lived experiences of middle-aged Saudi Arabian hemodialysis patients. Method: This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2021. Data were analyzed using axial coding. Results: Eleven patients aged 32 to 60 years participated. Two themes and three subthemes were identified: (a) hemodialysis’s negative consequences (travel restriction, social isolation, and low responsibilities toward families) and (b) level of support (family support, nurses’ support, and governmental support). Discussion: Hemodialysis patients find travel and social engagement difficult. Furthermore, they cannot fully meet their family responsibilities due to fatigue and long hemodialysis hours. Health care providers should consider integrating these findings to deliver optimal holistic care.