jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transferring an Adult-Plant Stripe-Rust Resistance Gene Yr7VS from Chromosome 7V of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) to Bread Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f.sp. tritici, Pst) is a destructive disease that seriously threatens wheat production globally. Exploring novel resistance genes for use in wheat breeding is an urgent need, as continuous Pst evolution frequently leads to a breakdown of host resistance. Here, we identified a set of wheat–Dasypyrum villosum 01I139 (V#6) disomic introgression lines for the purpose of determining their responses to a mixture of Pst isolates CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34 at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The results showed that all introgression lines exhibited high susceptibility at the seedling stage, with infection-type (IT) scores in the range of 6–8, whereas, for chromosomes 5V#6 and 7V#6, disomic addition lines NAU5V#6-1 and NAU7V#6-1 displayed high resistance at the adult-plant stage, indicating that adult-plant resistance (APR) genes were located on them. Further, in order to transfer the stripe-rust resistance on chromosome 7V#6, four new wheat–D. villosum introgression lines were identified, by the use of molecular cytogenetic approaches, from the self-pollinated seeds of 7D and 7V#6, in double monosomic line NAU7V#6-2. Among them, NAU7V#6-3 and NAU7V#6-4 were t7V#6L and t7V#6S monosomic addition lines, and NAU7V#6-5 and NAU7V#6-6 were homozygous T7DS·7V#6L and T7DL·7V#6S whole-arm translocation lines. Stripe-rust tests and genetic analyses of chromosome 7V#6 introgression lines revealed a dominant APR gene designated as Yr7VS on the chromosome arm 7V#6S. Comparison with the homozygous T7DL·7V#6S translocation line and the recurrent parent NAU0686 showed no significant differences in yield-related traits. Thus, T7DL·7V#6S whole-arm translocation with the APR gene Yr7VS provided a valuable germplasm for breeding for resistance.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stir bar sorptive extraction is widely used for the preconcentration of organic and inorganic compounds due to its simplicity and versatility. However, commercially available devices are based on nonselective sorbents. Molecularly imprinted polymers provide selective recognition abilities from the template employed during their preparation. In this review, strategies employed for recent for molecularly imprinted polymers employed in stir bar sorptive extraction are described. The advantages and disadvantages are described, as well as future trends involving this preconcentration methodology.
Pathology of the pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

report by Shorrock et aP who, although observing a stimulatory effect of De-Nol in vitro, failed to detect a similar increase in HCO3 secretion in man.In Konturek's paper2 significant results were obtained with drug concentrations of at least 10 mg/ml, but in Shorrock's experiment 10 mg/ml was still an ineffective dose.We have recently treated 10 patients with endo- scopic duodenitis (but devoid of gastric abnormalities and with normal basal values of bicarbonate secretion) with De-Nol 600 mg bid for four weeks.Basal alkaline secretion was determined, by Feldman's method, before treatment and 10 hours after the last dose of the drug.No significant changes in gastric bicarbonate output was observed.A comparison of our results with Konturek's and Shorrock's findings seems to indicate that the stimulatory activity (if any) of therapeutic doses of De-Nol on gastric alkaline secretion in man is transient.Thus, as stated by Rees,4 this effect appears to have little relevance to the ulcer healing properties of colloidal bismuth.
Immunisation and eczema.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1 in 10 (or greater) chance of diagnosing a brain tumour is not to be missed, then referral of all stroke patients with the appropriate evolution would completely swamp the available CAT scanning resources.Stroke evolution is only one factor determining the attitude of a general physician towards the management of a stroke patient.Considering the scarcity and the costliness of the new diagnostic machinery, information is required concerning the incidence of tumour or subdural haematoma in stroke patients as they present on the general medical ward.
Land use/land cover change in Yellow River Delta, China during fast development period

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Terrestrial eco-system in coastal zones is unstable and land-use and Land-cover of its land resource are crucial for its sustainability. Therefore it is necessary to understand distribution of land use/cover changes in those tender areas. This paper was to analyze changes of land use/cover in Yellow River Delta in China during recent ten years, which was its fast development period, by remote sensing monitoring. Two Landsat TM images in October of 1995 and 2004 were processed using ERDAS software and supervised classification method in study for the land use and land cover of those two years. The two land use/cover maps were overlaid to discover the changes. It was showed that lots of land use/cover changes in the Yellow River Delta had taken place in past ten years. Because abundant sand that carried by river water filled up at estuary of the Yellow River, new land increased fleetly. The rates that foreshore were turned into fishery land was high for aquaculture with salt water had been developed quickly. Another important effect of human activity was that part of waste land and grassland had been cultivated for crops. With industry and economy development, land for urbanization had been outspreaded. Although fast exploitation had been carried out in Yellow River Delta going though those years, some human activities on land use were inharmonious for sustainable development of land resource in this area. This must be pay attention to by local government and people.
Networking strategies of small and medium enterprises in Singapore

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the potential outflow of Foreign Direct Investments to developing countries, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are becoming more significant to the business environment and economy of Singapore. It is hence critical to impart strategic skills to existing and potential entrepreneurs for the development and growth of their business ventures. A growing body of literature suggests that networking is a particularly important skill for entrepreneurship. However, because the way entrepreneurs’ network may be shaped by the socio-cultural environment, it is important to understand what Singaporean entrepreneurs themselves think about networking. This paper reports a qualitative study, using grounded inductive theory, which examined how 13 Singaporean entrepreneurs think about networking. The results from our study found areas of both consistency and differences in the entrepreneurs’ perception.
10.1063/5.0078644.16

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many fluid experiments, we can only obtain low-spatial high-temporal resolution flow images and high-spatial low-temporal resolution flow images due to the limitation of high-speed imaging systems. To solve this problem, we proposed a degradation and super-resolution attention model (D-SRA) using unsupervised machine learning to super-resolution reconstruct high resolution (HR) time-resolved fluid images from coarse data. Unlike the prior research to increase the resolution of coarse data artificially generated by simple bilinear down-sampling, our model that consists of a degradation neural network and a super-resolution neural network aims to learn the mappings between experimental low-resolution data and corresponding HR data. What is more, channel and spatial attention modules are also adopted in D-SRA to facilitate the restoration of abundant and critical details of flow fields. The proposed model is validated by two high-speed schlieren experiments of under-expanded impinging supersonic jets. The comprehensive capability of D-SRA is statistically analyzed based on the synthetic unpaired schlieren images. The spatial-resolution of coarse images can be successfully augmented by 42 times and 82 times with most physical details recovered perfectly, which outperforms the existing method. The D-SRA also exhibits considerable generalization and robustness against unknown-degenerated schlieren images. Moreover, the practicability of the proposed method is also further explored on real unpaired jets schlieren images. It is convincingly demonstrated that the present study successfully surpasses the performance limitations of high-speed cameras and has significant applications in various fluid experiments to obtain flow images with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Fixed Frequency Highly Efficient Resonant Converter With Low Component Count for CC and CV Charges of Electric Vehicles Batteries

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel approach for implementing constant-current (CC) and constant-voltage (CV) battery charges for electric vehicles using a reconfigurable resonant converter with a low component count. In the proposed approach, the CC and CV charging methods are implemented using the inherent characteristic of an LCC converter as a current source and an LC converter as a voltage source, when operating at the resonant frequency without any need for wide frequency variation. The proposed simple battery charging structure is based on a dual resonant network and the transition from CC to CV charge occurs by reconfiguring from LCC to LC resonant network. Moreover, the resonant inductance is reduced so that the transformer leakage inductance can be utilized. The proposed battery charger operates at a fixed resonant frequency and zero voltage switching (ZVS) for input switches while zero current switching (ZCS) for output diodes is provided in the entire operation range. The proposed topology is analyzed comprehensively and a 180 W laboratory prototype is implemented to justify the converter performance, which converts 340 V input voltage to 50–90 V output voltage and 0.2–2 A output current is realized. The maximum efficiency of 97.9% is achieved in the experimental results.
Boll Weevil: Chemosterilization by Fumigation and Dipping13

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A procedure suitable for sterilizing both sexes of Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman on a large scale was developed. First, the weevils were fumigated with bisazir (P,P-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methylphosphinothioic amide, AI3-61585) at atmospheric pressure for 90 min, and 30 min later, they were dipped for 5 sec into a 1.35% solution of penfluron (2,6-difluoro-N-[[[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide, AI3-63223) in acetone. In either sex, the sterility exceeded 99%, and 59.3% of the treated males survived 10 days posttreatment. A new laboratory-size fumigation chamber with a rotating bisazir-treated paddle was designed and scaled up to a field-size chamber suitable for treating up to 200,000 weevils at a time. Monitoring of the sterilizing treatment consisted of measuring the concentration of bisazir vapors during the fumigation and analyzing the treated weevils for residues of bisazir and penfluron. One day posttreatment, no residues of bisazir or of its aziridinyl metabolite could be detected in the treated weevils, but penfluron residues decreased only slowly from 39 to 8.8 μg/weevil within 7 days. Oviposition of untreated females mated to treated males was decreased; also, treated males were less effective than untreated ones in transferring sperm. On the other hand, when various ratios of treated and untreated males were combined with untreated females, the treated males appeared more competitive because they suppressed reproduction more effectively than their proportional number would warrant. The development of the new sterilizing procedure now makes it possible to test the performance of chemosterilized weevils in large field tests.
A Reporting Standard for Defined Contribution Pension Plans

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We propose a method for projecting pension benefits, deriving from DC pension plans and other funded products, at retirement. Projections highlight how the current choice of asset allocation impacts on future potential retirement outcomes. The latter are compared with a money-back benchmark so as to clarify the trade-off between risk and return. After the initial projections, the pension plan revises its forecasts of retirement benefits on a yearly basis as a function of its own realized returns. Previous shorter-term projections are also compared to shorter-term ex-post performance. This simple method is a step towards an industry-reporting standard that responds to regulators’ quest for helping investors monitor the risk of their future pension.
Temperature and sex effects on size and growth of hatchlings in the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle(Chinemys reevesii)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Charnov-Bull hypothesis has been widely accepted to explain the adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD),but empirical support for this hypothesis is still limited. Eggs of the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) were incubated at 26 ℃,28℃,and 30℃,and treated with 17β-estradiol or Fadrozole (an aromatase inhibitor) to obtain both normal and sex-reversed hatchlings at each temperature. Our objectives were to test the Charnov-Bull hypothesis by assessing the influence of incubation temperature and sex on hatchling traits. Incubation duration was longer in males than females at 26℃,but did not differ between the sexes at 28℃ and 30℃. Hatchlings from low temperatures were larger than those from high temperatures,and females were larger than males. The swimming capacity of hatchlings was not affected by either incubation temperature or sex. Hatchling growth was not influenced by incubation temperature,but differed between the sexes. Females grew faster than males. The Charnov-Bull hypothesis predicts that in the male-female pattern of TSD,females from high temperatures should have higher fitness than those from low temperatures and/or that males from high temperatures should have lower fitness than those from low temperatures. Our results are inconsistent with this prediction and thus give no support to this hypothesis.
Characterization of sleep habits of children with Sotos syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sotos syndrome (SS) is a genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth in childhood, developmental deficits, and characteristic craniofacial features. While clinicians and parents have reported unusual sleep habits, only one study by Rutter and Cole in 1991 mentioned sleep complaints (Rutter and Cole, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1991, 33, 898–902). This study aimed to characterize the sleep habits of individuals with SS. We performed a cross‐sectional study of individuals with a definite, probable, or possible diagnosis of Sotos syndrome. Participants were asked to complete the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CHSQ). We compared our data to historical data available from the literature. Subjects with SS showed more sleep disturbance than typically developing individuals (TD), although their sleep onset was less likely to be delayed and their sleep duration was longer. Participants with SS also showed different sleep patterns compared to children with other forms of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Individuals with SS exhibited early bed and rise times, frequently used transitional objects, displayed repetitive motion at sleep onset, and did not show a decrease in sleep duration with age. The majority of participants fell asleep at the same time each night, in their own bed, and within 20 min, and rarely showed signs of sleepwalking or night terrors. These results improve our understanding of sleep habits of individuals with SS and may be used to guide treatment and provide normalization for children with SS.
Post-Harvest Ripening Changes in Wood Apple (Feronia elephantumCorr), An Underutilized Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biochemical changes in wood apple fruit (Feronia elephantum Corr.) were studied at three different stages (unripe, semiripe, and ripe). Like most of the ripening fruits, the major changes observed were the increase in total sugars (3.2 to 4.9 g/100g) and decrease in acidity from (3.5 to 3.2 g/100g). Among the free sugars estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), sucrose (0.85 g/100g) was predominant at all stages of ripening. Among organic acids, citric acid was detected as the major organic acid in the unripe (2.2 g/100g fresh weight basis (FW)) and ripe (1.6 g/100g FW) fruit. Unlike various other fruits, the total soluble solids were reduced upon ripening from 20.4 to 14.0 °Brix. The total phenolics increased from 9.7 to 15.7 mg/g and the total protein also increased from 8.7 to 9.6 g/100g. It was also found that the wood apple contained more phenolics in the bound form than the free form. A high correlation was obtained between the reducing power and the total phenolic content.
Signal-to-noise ratio measurement for the signals with constant amplitude

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A digital meter measuring the signal-to-noise ratio in the channel for transmitting discrete information with a constant amplitude of symbols that are the phase or frequency shift keyed signals is proposed. The desired value of the signal-to-noise ratio is determined based on the number of exceedings of the threshold level by the modulus of the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitudes of the received and previous symbols in the sample of a specified size, while the meter itself is invariant to the absolute levels of the signal and noise. It is shown that in the channel with Gaussian noise, this number depends only on the desired signal-to-noise ratio. The necessary calculation relations are successfully obtained; it is also established that the Gaussian approximation of the symbol amplitude probability density is valid. Statistical simulation of the meter operation has been carried out for receiving binary phase shift keyed signals. It is proven that the given theoretical meter characteristics are in satisfactory agreement with the corresponding experimental data and the small measurement error is provided within a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio values.
Underway Marine Geophysical Data in the North Atlantic, June 1961 - January 1971. Part C. Bathymetric, Geomagnetic, and Gravity Profiles.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The geophysical data profiles of the underway data are displayed in computer plots. In addition, these plots indicate ship's position, speed, course, cruise station numbers, etc. All data are plotted against distance in nautical miles along track.
Business Model for Technical Pre-Sales Services

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of the Thesis is to generate a suggestion for a new business model to implement technical pre-sales support services in order to improve the case company’s competitive advantage. The need for the new business model arises from the different business prospects discovered by the sales managers of the case company. The case company has already developed its business model for serving turnkey business prospects, but the business model is not fully suitable for goods-dominant business prospects. Thus, a parallel model ought to be used for performing better in both situations.\n\nThe model is generated by utilizing the case study research method. Two hands-on cases were chosen beforehand by the case company. These cases are first, the on-site support for the customer testing/piloting and, second, the remote support for the customer testing/piloting. \n\nThe research started by reviewing relevant literature on customer value, strategy, and best practices of business modeling. A frame of the new business model was formed based on the existing knowledge. The frame was then filled in with information gathered from the management of the case company. Information gathering was done by arranging brainstorming sessions with the top management and the sales managers of the case company.\n\nThe actual suggestion for the new business model for technical pre-sales support was produced by combining the information from the literature review, and the information that was gathered from the case company’s management. The suggested business model consists of a new customer value proposition, a profit formula for funding the business model, necessary resources, and necessary processes.\n\nThe result of the Thesis is a comprehensive business model suggestion that can be implemented in real life use, with minimal resources needed for the deployment.
Effect of Supplementation of a Cryopreservation Extender with Pectoliv30 on Post-Thawing Semen Quality Parameters in Rooster Species

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Sperm cryopreservation is a fundamental tool for the conservation of avian genetic resources; however, avian spermatozoa are susceptible to this process. To cope with the high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the addition of exogenous antioxidants is beneficial. Pectoliv30 is a substance derived from alperujo, and in this study, its effect was analyzed on seminal quality after its addition to the cryopreservation extender of roosters at different concentrations. For this purpose, 16 Utrerana breed roosters were used, and seminal collection was performed in six replicates, creating a pool for each working day with ejaculates of quality. After cryopreservation, one sample per treatment and replicate was thawed, and several seminal quality parameters were evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed numerous correlations between these variables, both positive and negative according to the correlation matrix obtained. Furthermore, the chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree (DT) reported significant differences in the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) variable between groups. Moreover, results for this parameter were more desirable at high concentrations of Pectoliv30. The application of this substance extracted from the by-product alperujo as an antioxidant allows the improvement of the post-thawing seminal quality in roosters and facilitates optimization of the cryopreservation process as a way to improve the conservation programs of different endangered poultry breeds.