jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Burnout among Danish prison personnel: A question of quantitative and emotional demands

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives The objective of this follow-up study was to investigate associations between individual, occupational and work environment factors and burnout among both uniformed and non-uniformed personnel working in the Danish Prison and Probation Service. Methods The participants (N = 4808) with client contact received a questionnaire in 2010 and again in 2011. In 2010, 2843 participants responded to the questionnaire (59.1%), and in 2011, 1741 responded to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 61.2% of the baseline population, and 36.2% of the invited population. Burnout and work characteristics were measured with validated scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, and data was analysed by logistic regression. Results Risk factors with the highest impact on burnout were work environmental factors: quantitative demands, emotional demands, involvement in and meaning of work. Role conflict, role clarity, social support and demands for hiding emotions had borderline significance. Besides cohabitation, there was no association between individual factors and burnout or between occupational characteristics and burnout. Moreover, there was no association between exposure to threats and violence and burnout. Conclusions: Efforts for preventing burnout ought to be concentrated on reducing the quantitative job-demands, on easing and improving staff–inmate relationships, but also on involvement in and meaning of work. Most work in prison is invisible and the overall goals are in conflict with each other. Management must provide solutions to problems of role conflict and support groups for social support. There is a risk of burnout among both uniformed personnel and non-uniformed personnel working in both open and closed facilities.
Inhibition of Vimentin Synthesis and Disruption of Intermediate Filaments in Simian Virus 40-Infected Monkey Kidney Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The organization, synthesis, and phosphorylation of vimentin were studied at various times after infection of monkey kidney cells with simian virus 40. Late after infection (between 36 and 48 h postinfection) there is a dramatic reduction in vimentin synthesis that is paralleled by a specific disruption of the intermediate filament network. At the same time there is no apparent alteration of the organization or the synthesis of the actin-containing filaments and of the microtubules. The inhibition of vimentin synthesis is also reflected by the level of vimentin mRNA activity in the infected cells, as assayed in a cell-free in vitro translation system, and vimentin mRNA concentration as revealed by RNA blot hybridization to cloned vimentin cDNA. The level of vimentin phosphorylation also decreases dramatically but at a much earlier time after infection (between 14 and 24 h postinfection), when mitosis in the infected cells is blocked. Although the decrease in vimentin synthesis in simian virus 40-infected cells is paralleled by the alterations in the organization of the intermediate filament network, the phosphorylation of vimentin correlates with the cell cycle, as it does in other systems. A possible feedback control mechanism of vimentin synthesis by alterations in the organization of the intermediate filament network is discussed.
Determinants of Policy Diffusion in Brazil and the U.S.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper comparatively examines two highly decentralized federations, namely Brazil and the United States (U.S.) The study uses a combination of methods to determine which mechanisms explain the spread of metropolitan regions (Brazil) and the growth of the statewide smoking ban (U.S.) among state governments over the 1990s and 2000s. It uses Weibull distribution and Cox regression to measure the time until events occur and to estimate the influence of a variety of factors on the likelihood of two policies being adopted. I find evidence of electoral-year drive policy diffusion in both countries. In Brazil, a key structural variable associated with internal determinants stimulated metropolitan policy adoptions. In the U.S., structural factors – linked with citizen ideology – enhance the probability of enacting smoke-free laws.
Prognostic value of insulin‑like growth factor 2 mRNA‑binding protein 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor‑A in patients with primary non‑small‑cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) may play important roles in the process of tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the co-expression of IMP3 and VEGF-A in primary human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to investigate the association between these two expression levels and determine the clinicopathological implications, including changes to microvessel density (MVD), and to assess the prognostic value of co-expression. Using immunohistochemical staining, the expression of IMP3, VEGF-A and CD34 expression was detected in 128 primary NSCLC tissue samples. According to the expression of IMP3 and VEGF-A, the cases were divided into four groups. Next, the clinicopathological features, MVD and survival time were investigated across the different groups. The immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between IMP3 and VEGF-A expression in NSCLC (r=0.181; P=0.041). Co-expression of IMP3 and VEGF-A was significantly associated with larger primary tumor size (P=0.016), poorer differentiation (P=0.014), more advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (P=0.012), increased MVD (P=0.004) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.002). Survival analysis demonstrated that cases with IMP3 and VEGF-A double-positive staining were significantly associated with lower survival rates compared with cases with double-negative staining (P=0.039). In the early NSCLC (I-IIa) subgroup, the mean survival time of the double-positive staining group was significantly shorter compared with that of the double-negative staining group (P=0.015). Co-expression of IMP3 and VEGF-A was associated with angiogenesis and a poorer prognosis in NSCLC, and may therefore play a critical role in NSCLC progression.
Electrochemical Studies of Acyl Halide Reduction in a Room-Temperature Molten Salt

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The electrochemical reduction of benzoyl chloride has been studied in both the aluminum chloride : EMIC molten salt and the acetonitrile / LiAlCl4 sovlent systems. In both systems, electrolysis at mercury cathodes results in the formation of low (<10%) yields of benzaldehyde, similar to behavior seen in acetonitrile/tetraalkylammonium perchlorate systems. Filming behavior was evident at mercury in the molten salt system by observation of maxima in the voltammograms.
Management of Posterior Urethral Valves: An Outcome Analysis of Endoscopic Valve Fulguration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Posterior urethral valves (PUV) constitute the most common infra-vesical urinary obstruction in boys. PUV are often accompanied by severe consequences to the lower and upper urinary tract (LUT, UUT). They also represent a major urological cause for pediatric renal transplantations. Surgical options for primary management invariably aim at abolition of valves. However, temporary urinary diversion may sometimes be a viable alternative, especially in critically ill patients or preterm infants. It was a retrospective, descriptive study which was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College from January 2018 to December 2018. All stable patients with the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves were included in the study. Endoscopic valve fulguration was performed in all diagnosed patients using bugbee electrode and an adequate sized cystoscope. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and the urinary bladder was drained with a suitable size Foley's or silicon catheter for 14days. Patients were discharged from the hospital 48-72 hours after the procedure on oral antibiotics and were advised to come to the outpatient department for follow up visits for a period of 6 months. A total of 84 patients were included in the study. All were males with a mean age of 6.5years ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Sixty five patients were without any diversion while 19 had vesicostomy or ureterostomy already done in our department or somewhere else. Stricture urethra was seen in 5 patients, incontinence of urine was seen in 7 patients, nocturnal enuresis in 15 patients and recurrent urinary tract infection in 19 patients. Chronic renal failure was seen in 4 patients while 16 patients lost the follow up.18 patients had an uneventful recovery. Urethral valve ablation is the definitive treatment of posterior urethral valves. Endoscopic urethral valve fulguration is safe, effective and definitive way of management for posterior urethral valves. Early treatment improves the quality of life and prevents the ongoing renal damage. Early presentation in fetal and neonatal life has worst prognosis due to associated renal dysplasia. TAJ 2018; 31(2): 68-72
Some aspects concerning the interaction of C70 fullerene with poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The equilibrium constant of the PLLA-C70 complex was determined spectrophotometrically and found at 1084 M−1, a value fully comparable with the equilibrium constant of the PLLA-C60 complex 956 M−1. In fact, both C60 and C70 share practically the same electron affinity and both are able to form charge-transfer complex with poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) in dichloromethane solution. The PLLA-C70 complex in CH2Cl2 solution shows also a pronounced extrinsic or induced Cotton effect when analyzed with optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectroscopy suggesting a kind of host-guest interaction where the helical conformation of PLLA by binding C70 internally or externally to the helical coils, is able to induce the optical activity to the achiral C70.
A discussion about beauty, eroticism and the significance of muscle in Simone de Beauvoir’s the second sex and Yukio Mishima’s forbidden colours and confessions of a mask

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the following essay, I examine the work, The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir alongside the novels, Forbidden Colours and Confessions of a Mask by Yukio Mishima. The former is a work of classical feminism that was written in 1949 and that addresses the question of why women all over the world in the 1940s occupied an inferior position to men whereas the latter are both gay-themed novels that were written in 1951 and 1949, respectively and that tell respectively, the story of an ugly, old novelist named Shunsuke Hinoki who uses a young and beautiful homosexual named Yuichi Minami to exact revenge on several of his former love interests and the story of a self-identified invert named Kochan who struggles to reconcile the demands placed upon him by his sexuality with the demands placed upon him by his society.
Importance Of Cbct In Implantology In The Pre - And Post-surgical Phase

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become a vital tool in implantology, playing a key role in both pre- and post-surgical phases. Preoperatively, CBCT provides detailed three-dimensional evaluation of anatomical structures, offering precise information on bone quality and quantity, as well as the location of critical structure. This accuracy enhances surgical planning, reducing intra- and postoperative risks and ensuring more precise implant placement. Post-surgically, CBCT is equally important for monitoring osseointegration and detecting potential complications, such as failed integration, infections, or implant misalignment. Its high-resolution imaging capabilities enable clinicians to make accurate therapeutic adjustments, improving treatment outcomes. Overall, CBCT improves decision-making in implantology, offering greater predictability and safety compared to traditional two-dimensional radiography, significantly enhancing the success rates of implant-based oral rehabilitation procedures.
Use of Arm Span as Proxy Indicator of Stature- An Anthropometric Study in Western U.P

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb are very common as observed in many cadaveric and angiographic studies. Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of the radial artery is important because they are used for many diagnostic procedures as well as vascular and reconstructive surgeries like coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery. During routine dissection in our institute, we observed a case of high origin of the radial artery in a 33 year old male cadaver. It was found to be unilateral; on left side, radial artery was taking origin from 3 rd part of the axillary artery at the lower border of pectoralis minor before the origin of subscapular artery and anterior circumflex humeral artery. It had a superficial course in the arm crossing the median nerve from medial to lateral side. The further course of this superficial radial artery in the forearm was normal and it terminated by forming a deep Palmar arch in hand. These variations may be of great clinical implications for vascular and plastic surgeons and radiologists. Superficial course of radial artery makes it vulnerable to accidental injuries and elevates the risk of bleeding.
Biodiversity of Calliphoridae Flies in South Rajasthan in Relation to Their Importance in Forensic Entomology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The analysis of the insect community present on a decomposing corpse can often provide valuable forensic insights, especially the estimation of the time of death, or postmortem interval (PMI). Life cycle of forensic insect act as clocks which starts within few minutes or hours after death. Udaipur has a semi-arid and vegetative climate. Forensically important flies directly affected from particular environmental condition. The present results highlight the particularities of local insect fauna corpses from Southern Rajasthan and their possible role in forensic entomology. The main objective of this study was to collect necrophagous insects colonizing the corpses as well as to gather information about their potential role in crime investigation and know the succession and decomposition pattern of forensically important fauna of Calliphoridae on carcass. The different life stages of Calliphoridae were observed during experiment and also compare with another forensically important families of Diptera like Sarcophagidae, Mucidae etc. Calliphoridae is most abundant fly that visit the carrion.
Investor Schemes "Golden Passports" and "Golden Visas"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the last 10 years, the EU Member States have been developing schemes to attract wealthy third-country national investors. To this end, Member States have facilitated the granting of visas or residence permits and even implemented fast-track procedures for the acquisition of citizenship. The Commission’s report identified the following areas of concern: 1) Security: checks run on applicants are not sufficiently robust and the EU’s own centralised information systems, such as the Schengen Information System (SIS), are not being used as systematically as they should be; 2) Money laundering: enhanced checks (‘due diligence’) are necessary to ensure that rules on anti-money laundering are not circumvented; 3) Tax evasion: monitoring and reporting is necessary to make sure that individuals do not take advantage of these schemes to benefit from privileged tax rules; 4) Transparency and information: the report finds a lack of clear information on how the schemes are run, including on the number of applications received, granted or rejected and the origins of the applicants; and 5) In addition, Member States do not (routinely) exchange information on applicants for such schemes, nor do they inform each other of rejected applicants.
Functional properties and optimization of dietary fiber concentrate from sago hampas using response surface methodology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sago hampas, whose major components are fiber and starch, is an underutilized by-product generated from starch extraction of sago stems. In order to increase its added value and applications, sago hampas could be developed into dietary fiber concentrate. This research purposed to obtain the optimum condition of enzymatic hydrolysis process of sago hampas to isolate the dietary fiber components. A central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize processing variables, namely, sago hampas slurry concentration (0.1–0.2 kg/kg), reaction time (45–135 min), and enzyme concentration in the substrate (10–35 mL/kg). Enzymatic hydrolysis using α-amylase at 108 °C was employed to remove starch components (becoming maltodextrin), escalate dietary fiber content, and modify the crystallinity of fiber. The goals of optimization were to maximize total dietary fiber (TDF), water-holding capacity (WHC), and oil-holding capacity (OHC) of the dietary fiber concentrate and to maximize dextrose equivalent (DE) of the maltodextrin solution obtained. The optimum process condition was found when the variables sago hampas slurry concentration, reaction time, and enzyme concentration were 0.14 kg/kg, 121 min, and 25 mL/kg, respectively. The optimal condition was verified by laboratory experiment resulting in TDF, WHC, OHC, and DE of 92.98 %, 26.34 g of water per g of sample, 5.64 g of oil per g of sample, and 10.37 %, respectively. TDF increased while the starch decreased significantly following conversion to dietary fiber. It is associated with the improvement in the functional properties of dietary fiber. The OHC, cation exchange capacity, emulsifying activity, swelling capacity, and solubility all exhibited significant increases. The morphological structure of the dietary fiber concentrate revealed a fiber matrix degradation with a high level of fiber porosity while the crystallinity was decreased from 61 % to 42 %. The properties of dietary fiber concentrate indicate appropriate parameters for food industry applications.
TREATMENT OF THE SUBNORMAL AND PSYCHOPATHIC CHILD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

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Reinforcement learning for cooling rate control during quenching

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The premise of this research is that the coupling of reinforcement learning algorithms and computational dynamics can be used to design efficient control strategies and to improve the cooling of hot components by quenching, a process that is classically carried out based on professional experience and trial-error methods. Feasibility and relevance are assessed on various 2-D numerical experiments involving boiling problems simulated by a phase change model. The purpose of this study is then to integrate reinforcement learning with boiling modeling involving phase change to optimize the cooling process during quenching. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach couples two state-of-the-art in-house models: a single-step proximal policy optimization (PPO) deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm (for data-driven selection of control parameters) and an in-house stabilized finite elements environment combining variational multi-scale (VMS) modeling of the governing equations, immerse volume method and multi-component anisotropic mesh adaptation (to compute the numerical reward used by the DRL agent to learn), that simulates boiling after a phase change model formulated after pseudo-compressible Navier–Stokes and heat equations. Findings Relevance of the proposed methodology is illustrated by controlling natural convection in a closed cavity with aspect ratio 4:1, for which DRL alleviates the flow-induced enhancement of heat transfer by approximately 20%. Regarding quenching applications, the DRL algorithm finds optimal insertion angles that adequately homogenize the temperature distribution in both simple and complex 2-D workpiece geometries, and improve over simpler trial-and-error strategies classically used in the quenching industry. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this constitutes the first attempt to achieve DRL-based control of complex heat and mass transfer processes involving boiling. The obtained results have important implications for the quenching cooling flows widely used to achieve the desired microstructure and material properties of steel, and for which differential cooling in various zones of the quenched component will yield irregular residual stresses that can affect the serviceability of critical machinery in sensitive industries.
Endotoxin adsorption method may affect serum procalcitonin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IntroductionIn order to find out the frequency rates of domestic and wild animal bites as well as the evaluation of the prevalence rates of rabies disease in the human population in the Province of Kerman, a retrospective study was designed to analyze statistically the collected recorded data related to this project.Methods This study was conducted within the framework of MPVM student research projects by means of collaboration between
INFECTED ACUTE PANCREATIC NECROSIS AFTER ACUTE PANCREATITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that changes from mild interstitial edema of the pancreas to extreme type of pancreatic necrosis and hemorrhage. In this study, frequency and in the development of infected pancreatic necrosis after acute pancreatitis were noted. A total of 105 patients [Male and Female] with age range 40-75 year were included in this study. A random sampling technique [95% confidence level] was used for a reliable statistical conclusion. Demographic history was obtained from the patient's records included in this study and their files were reviewed including an abdominal CT scan to check for pancreatic necrosis and CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] to verify infection. Prevalence of infected acute pancreatic necrosis among the patients of severe acute pancreatitis was n=34/105 i.e 32% of the total patients. The main contributing factors in developing the infective pancreatic necrosis are choledocholithiasis, gallstones, hypercalcemia, idiopathy, pancreatic or ampullary tumors, trauma, and hypothermia respectively. Keywords: Infection, severe acute pancreatitis, CT, Ranson, gall-stone, idiopathic.