jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Excitonic effects in X-ray absorption spectra of fluoride salts and their surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can probe the electrode-electrolyte interface with single-digit nanometer depth resolution and offers a wealth of insight into the evolution and Coulombic efficiency or degradation of prototype cells, provided that the spectra can be reliably interpreted in terms of local oxidation state, atomic coordination, and electronic structure aboutthe excited atoms. To this end, we explore fluorine K-edge XAS of mono- (Li, Na, K) and di-valent (Mg, Ca, Zn) fluoride salts from a theoretical standpoint and discover a surprising level of detailed electronic structure information about these materials, despite the relatively predictable oxidation state and ionicity of the fluoride anion and the metal cation. Utilizing a recently developed many-body approach based on the delta-SCF method, we calculate the XAS using density functional theory and experimental spectral profiles are well reproduced, despite some experimental discrepancies in energy alignment within the literature, which we can correct for in our simulations. We outline a general methodology to explain shifts in the main XAS peak energies in terms of a simple exciton model and explain line-shape differences resulting from mixing of core-excited states with metal d character (for K and Ca specifically). Given ultimate applications to evolving interfaces, some understanding of the role of surfaces and their terminations in defining new spectral features is provided to indicate the sensitivity of such measurements to changes in interfacial chemistry.
The measurement of development effort—A suggestion

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A notable shortcoming of development economics has been a failure to design an objective indicator allowing for an evaluation of the effort made in particular developing countries. Own‐country effort has been noted in the literature to be an important ingredient in the illusive recipe of development‐success; and so the above problem is of considerable interest, both theoretical and practical. This paper analyses the interrelationships between three groups of commonly used ‘effort‐indicators’ ; and in addition studies the relationships between each and growth of per capita income of a sample of developing countries. The findings suggest that at the present time, effective development efforts tend to lie less in the area of belt‐tightening and mobilisation of domestic savings, and more in the area of explicit export promotion.
Production Performance and Nutritional Composition of <i>Perionyx excavatus</i> (perrier, 1872) Fed Different Composite Organic Food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Perionyx excavatus is a potential earthworm species for vermicomposting, and of live feed for fish as it contains high quality protein with excellent amino acid profile. Its limited seasonal abundance in natural as well as the associated risk of bioaccumulation of toxic products in wild earthworm inflate large scale vermiculture of this species. To establish a suitable food composite for mass culture of that species, the present study evaluated the production performance and nutritional composition of P. excavatus fed on four different organic food composites namely, C, T 1, T 2 and T 3. Initially five adult wild earthworms were stocked in cemented tanks, and reared them with feeding respective organic composites at the rate of 10% of their body weight twice a week for 120 days. To determine the growth rate, newly hatched larvae of 0.12-0.16 mg collected from respective treatments was reared in the separate tubs at the stocking rate of 5 larvae tub -1 for 60 days. Temperature, pH, moisture, total nitrogen and organic carbon contents of rearing beds, and growth rate of earthworms were recorded at every fortnight. The treatment T 3 was found to be effective for production performance (2.508 ± 0.75 larvae week -1 ) while the T 2 gave higher growth rate (0.16 g·worm -1 ·week -1 ) to this earthworm species. The highest protein (48.36%) and moisture content (81.85%) were recorded in T 2 but T 3 contained the lowest protein (39.65%) and the highest lipid level (4.82%). The ash content was found not to be significantly different among all treatments. The results of this study demonstrated T 3 composition as good medium for reproduction, and T 2 composition as better food composite for rearing P. excavatus . The outcomes of this study may provide essential information towards the mass culture of this species.
Ideology, Interpellation, ‘Munchausen Effect’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ideology in general, which as we have seen is not realised in the ideological state apparatuses — so it cannot coincide with a historically concrete ideological formation — is also not the same thing as the dominant ideology, as the overall result, the historically concrete form resulting from the relationships ofuneveness-contradiction-subordination characterising in a historically given social formation the 'complex whole in dominance' of the ideological formations operating in it. In other words, whereas 'ideologies have a history of their own' because they have a concrete historical existence, 'Ideology in general has no history' in so far as it is 'endowed with a structure and an operation such as to make it a non-historical reality, i. e., an omni-historical reality, in the sense in which that structure and operation are immutable, present in the same form throughout what we can call history, in the sense in which the Communist Manifesto defines history as the history of class struggles, i. e., the history of class societies' (Althusser 1971b, pp. 151f.). The concept of Ideology in general thus appears very specifically as the way to designate, within Marxism-Leninism, the fact that the relations of production are relationships between 'men', in the sense that they are not relationships between things, machines, non-human animals or angels; in this sense and in this sense only: i. e., without introducing at the same time and surreptitiously, a certain notion of 'man' as anti-nature, transcendence, subject of history, negation of the negation, etc. As is well known, this is the central point of the Reply to John Lewis (Althusser 1976b).KeywordsClass StruggleEvident FactLogical EmpiricismDominant IdeologyClass SocietyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
AN INTEGRATED FUCOM-RAFSI MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF A NEW GATEWAY PORT IN LIBYA FOR SOME AFRICAN LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present paper aims at suggesting a multi-criteria decision-making model that would help in making the appropriate decision regarding the selection of the best gateway port for landlocked countries. There are 44 landlocked countries around the world, which do not have a seaport directly linked to the rest of the world. Sixteen of these countries are located in Africa, making it weak to compete in the global market, in addition to the high costs of its imports. The model proposed in this paper was applied to two landlocked countries in the African continent: Chad and Niger. The paper proposed 8 evaluation criteria related to evaluating the ports themselves in terms of infrastructure and services tariffs, as well as to the level of safety and the transport infrastructure from the transit country to the landlocked one. The Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) was used for the purpose of evaluating such criteria, and the number of navigation lines was the most important one. Ranking of Alternatives through Functional mapping of criterion sub-intervals into a Single Interval (RAFSI) method was used for the purpose of comparing 6 ports to conclude that the Misurata seaport is the best alternative.
Still Life in Motion: Mortal Form in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| December 01 2014 Still Life in Motion: Mortal Form in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse Cara Lewis Cara Lewis Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Twentieth-Century Literature (2014) 60 (4): 423–454. https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2014-1001 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Cara Lewis; Still Life in Motion: Mortal Form in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse. Twentieth-Century Literature 1 December 2014; 60 (4): 423–454. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2014-1001 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTwentieth-Century Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © Hofstra University2014 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Essays You do not currently have access to this content.
High‐frequency internal waves at ocean station P

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Slow perturbations of the drop speed of a nearly freely falling, winged, microstructure probe in the upper 200 m at station P are interpreted as vertical velocity fluctuations of an internal wave field. The frequencies of these fluctuations lie in the 2.5‐ to 4‐cph band, near the buoyancy‐frequency cutoff. A typical rms value is 1.3 cm/s. Indications of the vertical structure of the wave field and the partition of energy among modes are obtained by statistical comparison with discrete mode solutions of the internal wave equation. It is found that the first and second modes carry most of the internal wave energy and that the partition of energy between them may change in 3 days.
Effects of orthodontic tooth movement on the serum progesterone levels in pregnant rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effects of orthodontic tooth movement on the serum progesterone levels in pregnant rats. Methods:Ninety pregnant Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into following groups: control group ①(normal pregnant), control group ②(sham operation-with appliances but were not applied force), and experimental group (with appliances and force were applied). The 1-7 d, 8-14 d and 15-21 d of pregnancy were defined as early-, mid-, and late-pregnant stages respectively. According to the varied stages of pregnancy, each group was subdivided into three subgroups:the early-, mid-and late-pregnant groups. For the three subgroups of experimental group, orthodontic force was applied to mesially move the maxillary first molars. The serum progesterone levels of the rats were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results:After orthodontic force was applied to move tooth, the serum progesterone levels of pregnant rats were significantly declined at every pregnant stage(P0.05). The maximum decrease amount was observed at the early stage and the secondary at the late stage. Conclusion:Under the pregnant state, soma is rather sensitive to the stimuli of mechanical forces. The safety of orthodontic treatment for the pregnant women remains in doubt, and cautious attitudes should be held in clinical practice.
Whatever Next? Education Policy and New Labour: The first four years, 1997‐2001

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Book reviewed in this article: New Labour's Policies for Schools: Raising the Standard? J im D ocking (Ed.) Taking Education Really Seriously M ichael F ielding (Ed.) Schools Achieving Success (White Paper) D epartment for E ducation A nd S kills The Learning Country (Paving Document) N ational A ssembly F or W ales
Attosecond and Strong-Field Physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Probing and controlling electrons and nuclei in matter at the attosecond timescale became possible with the generation of attosecond pulses by few-cycle intense lasers, and has revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure and molecular processes. This book provides an intuitive approach to this emerging field, utilizing simplified models to develop a clear understanding of how matter interacts with attosecond pulses of light. An introductory chapter outlines the structure of atoms and molecules and the properties of a focused laser beam. Detailed discussion of the fundamental theory of attosecond and strong-field physics follows, including the molecular tunnelling ionization model (MO-ADK theory), the quantitative rescattering (QRS) model, and the laser induced electronic diffraction (LIED) theory for probing the change of atomic configurations in a molecule. Highlighting the cutting-edge developments in attosecond and strong field physics, and identifying future opportunities and challenges, this self-contained text is invaluable for students and researchers in the field.
Awareness of security and privacy settings in video conferencing apps among faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 has forced many schools and universities worldwide, including Saudi Arabia, to move from traditional face-to-face learning to online learning. Most online learning activities involve the use of video conferencing apps to facilitate synchronous learning sessions. While some faculty members were not accustomed to using video conferencing apps, they had no other choice than to jump on board regardless of their readiness, one of which involved security and privacy awareness. On the other hand, video conferencing apps users face a number of security and privacy threats and vulnerabilities, many of which rely on human factors to be exploited. In this study, we used survey data from 307 faculty members at 43 Saudi Arabian universities to determine the level of awareness among Saudi Arabian faculty regarding security and privacy settings of video conferencing apps and to investigate the factors associated with it. We analyzed the data using the Knowledge-Attitudes-Behaviors (KAB) model and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. We found that the average awareness score of video conferencing apps’ security and privacy settings falls into the “Poor” category, which is not surprising considering that many faculty members only started using this new technology on a daily basis because of the pandemic. Further analysis showed that perceived security, familiarity with the app, and digital literacy of faculty members are significantly associated with higher awareness. Privacy concerns are significantly associated with higher awareness only among STEM faculty members, while attitudes toward ICT for teaching and research are negatively associated with such awareness among senior faculty members with more than 10 years of experience. This study lays the foundation for future research and user education on the security and privacy settings of video conferencing applications.
Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre (review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Riddles: Perspectives on the Use, Function, and Change in a Folklore Genre,Studia Fennica, Folkloristica, 10. By Annikki Kaivola-Bregenhøj. (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2001. Pp. 186, bibliography, index.)
Nitriding Layer Without White Layer Prepared on H13 Steel Surface and Its Abrasive Resistance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

H13 steel was nitrided using plasma nitriding technique.The nitriding layer with different composition and thickness was obtained by changing nitriding pressure and temperature.The microstructure and phase composition of the nitriding layers were studed by optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometer respectively. The tribology property of the nitriding layer against Al_2O_3 ball was performed on a ball-disc abrasion tester in air. The results show that the nitriding layer mainly constituted of s-Fe_(2-3)N,γ'-Fe_4N and a fewα-Fe,Fe_2O_3 and Fe_3O_4 phase.There was not obvious nitriding layer when nitriding temperature was 510℃,the nitriding layer had only diffusion layer when nitriding temperature was 570℃and pressure was 200 and 300 Pa and nitriding temperature was 540℃and pressure was 100 Pa.The nitriding layer constituted of white layer and diffusion layer under other conditions.The surface hardness after nitriding was 1 100—1 200 HV,double the stbstrate.Comprising with substrate,the friction coefficient reduced greatly at the temperature of 570℃and the pressure of 200 Pa,wear mark became wide,specific wear rate decreased obviously and abrasive resistance improved significantly.
SPINEL COMPOSITION, PGE GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF THE CHROMITITES FROM THE VOURINOS OPHIOLITE COMPLEX, NORTHWESTERN GREECE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Vourinos ophiolite complex, in northwestern Greece, hosts abundant deposits of chromian spinel of historical economic importance. The chromitites have been investigated with regards to the composition of the chromian spinel and olivine, and the distribution of the platinum-group elements (PGE) minerals. Chromitites are composed of magnesiochromite, accompanied by magnesian olivine and locally abundant micro-inclusions of pargasitic amphibole. The composition of magnesiochromite varies significantly in southern Vourinos (Cr#: 0.58–0.81), and less in northern Vourinos (Cr#: 0.75–0.83). Olivine cores from the chromite deposits of southern Vourinos have lower Mg# and Ni than those of northern Vourinos. The PGE contents vary between 13.6 and 375.4 ppb, and are higher in IPGE with respect to PPGE, which is typical of mantle-hosted ophiolitic chromitites. The PGE abundances of southern Vourinos chromitites correlate positively with the Cr# of the ore-hosted magnesiochromite. Consistent with the geochemical data, the platinum-group mineral (PGM) assemblage is almost exclusively dominated by Ru–Os–Ir phases. Two distinct PGM assemblages have been recognized: 1) a primary one, formed at the early magmatic stage before or during magnesiochromite crystallization, and 2) a secondary one, formed by desulfurization–oxidation of primary PGM sulfide precursors (laurite). This laurite has a Ru# value ranging from 0.55 to 0.98. The secondary assemblage is dominated by oxygen-bearing compounds of Ru–Os–Ir–Fe–Ni, some of which exhibit intriguing internal rosette-like textures. Raman spectroscopy data on these PGE-bearing oxygen compounds did not reveal any OH − content, indicating that they might represent oxides. Compositional discrepancies regarding the NiO content and the Mg# of olivine, as well as the Os content of laurite, suggest that the chromian spinel deposits from the south and the north of the complex have been formed under different physicochemical [ f ( S 2 )–T] conditions. Combined geological, mineralogical and compositional data indicate that the Vourinos chromitites crystallized from a progressively differentiating melt of boninitic affinity.
Ulcerative reflux esophagitis associated with Clostridium ventriculi following hiatoplasty – is antibiotic treatment necessary? A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Clostridium (C.) ventriculi (known as Sarcina ventriculi) is a ubiquitous gram-positive, anaerobic, acidophilic coccus found in patients with gastric motility disorders. The microorganisms can be identified histologically by their characteristic presentation in tetrads or packets of 8 in hematoxylin and eosin stains. Severe cases of emphysematous gastritis or gastric perforation have been described. Nevertheless, the significance of C. ventriculi in an upper gastrointestinal tract and its pathogenic character remain unclear. We present a 67-year-old woman who underwent hiatoplasty with gastropexy. After 3 months, she underwent a gastroscopy showing gastroesophageal reflux. Biopsies showed ulcerative reflux esophagitis with presence of C.ventriculi, subsequently confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. The barium swallow study revealed an atonic stomach with delayed gastric emptying. The patient was treated with PPI and domperidone. On follow up, 15 months post-operatively, a control gastroscopy showed a stomach with food residues and reflux-associated small erosions. The Clostridium organisms were detected only in oxyntic mucosa biopsies without erosions or ulcerations. We speculate that the recognition of the organisms in the biopsy material is important and suggests dysmotility disorder. However, in our opinion, the presence of C. ventriculi, even in combination with mucosal damage, does not necessarily prompt antibiotic treatment since no complications occurred and inflammation as well as gastric function improved under PPI and prokinetic therapy in our patient. Larger study groups with long-term follow-up are needed to understand whether these organisms could behave as pathogens or are only bystanders in the setting of delayed gastric emptying.
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: IX. MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PHEROMONE-PRODUCING GLANDS OF SOME FEMALE LEPIDOPTERA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The morphology and histology of the sex pheromone-producing gland in the females of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), C . pinus (Freeman) (Tortricidae), and Malacosoma disstria (Hubner) (Lasiocampidae) is reported. A review of the literature relevant to such a study is presented in tabular form.
The Experimental Research of Grp78 Expression in the Hydrothorax Detached Cells in the Differential Diagnosis in Chest Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the possibility of detecting Grp78 expression levels in the hydrothorax detached cells in the differential diagnosis in chest tumors.Methods The expression levels of Grp78 in 36 cases of suspended chest tumor patients were detected by western blot and the hydrothorax detached cells analyses were also detected by HE staining.Results In the 21 cases of patients that Grp78 is overexpressed in the hydrothorax detached cells,19 cases of patients were identified as lung cancer by retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data.In the 15 cases of patients that Grp78 was radically expressed,none of which was diagnosed as cancer.In the 12 cases of patients diagnosed as lung cancer by the hydrothorax detached cells analysis by HE staining,4 cases were excluded from the diagnosis of cancer based on clinicopathological analysis.The sensitivity of HE staining is 47% compared with 81% of western blot.The specificity of HE staining and western blot is 85% and 85.7% respectively.Conclusions Detection of Grp78 expression levels in the hydrothorax detached cells is a useful target in the differential diagnosis of chest tumor.