jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trophic transfer of silver to marine herbivores: A review of recent studies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We review recent progress in understanding the trophic transfer of silver (Ag) in marine herbivores, especially mussels that have been extensively used as biomonitors of coastal contamination. A bioenergetic-based kinetic model is invaluable in predicting the trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of Ag in aquatic animals. Critical parameters that need to be quantified in predicting trophic transfer include Ag assimilation efficiency (AE) from ingested food particles, animal feeding rates, and Ag efflux rates. Silver AEs in marine herbivores are generally low (&lt; 30%). Assimilation efficiencies from ingested sediments tend to be lower than those from ingested phytoplankton. Various biological and chemical factors, including Ag distribution in phytoplankton cytoplasm, gut passage time, importance of intracellular versus extracellular digestion, and metal desorption at lowered pHs typical of invertebrate guts, all influence Ag assimilation from ingested particles. Many experimental studies show that uptake from the dissolved phase exceeds uptake via ingestion in the overall Ag bioaccumulation in aquatic animals. However, these results are probably not predictive of field situations due to their simplistic experimental conditions in which fluctuations of feeding conditions of animals and physicochemistry of Ag are not considered. In mussels, the kinetic model predicts that either the solute or particulate pathway can dominate Ag overall uptake in nature, and this is dependent on Ag partition coefficients for suspended particles and Ag AE. Silver is the only metal that varies substantially in the importance of different uptake pathways due to its very high particle reactivity and high uptake rate from the dissolved phase. Total suspended solids (TSS) loads can sharply affect Ag bioaccumulation in mussels because high TSS loads can dilute Ag concentrations in both dissolved and particulate phases. Processes affecting Ag trophic transfer and bioaccumulation are discussed.
The Relative Contributions of Duchenne and Trendelenburg to Description of Myopathic Gaits (S15.003)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the relative contributions of French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne and German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg to the description of myopathic gaits.
Background: Both physicians have been credited with describing the myopathic gait.
Methods: The original reports were reviewed.
Results: In 1861, Duchenne gave a classic description of Duchenne dystrophy, and noted that affected individuals walk with “a lateral inclination of the trunk toward the limb which is resting on the ground.” Noting a resemblance to a duck9s gait, Duchenne added that, “The word ‘waddling’ perfectly expresses this mode of walking.” After Duchenne’s report, the trunkal shift to the side of the stance phase in patients with myopathies has been called a waddling gait (and later was called a “Trendelenburg lurch.”). In 1895, in children with congenital hip dislocation, Trendelenburg observed that when standing on the affected leg the pelvis tilts downward on the opposite side (Trendelenburg’s sign). He noted in passing that the same phenomenon could occur with muscle disease. With walking, “The pelvis drops toward the walking side [swing phase], and the trunk is sharply bent toward the standing side [stance phase] to restore the balance.” Trendelenburg provided line drawings to illustrate the abnormalities he described, whereas Duchenne did not (for the gait peculiarities in contrast to abnormalities of stance).
Conclusions: Duchenne and Trendelenburg described different and complementary aspects of myopathic gaits. The trunkal shift first noted by Duchenne is a compensatory mechanism to maintain balance over the stance leg despite ipsilateral weakness of hip abduction and resultant pelvic tilt. Although Duchenne had priority, the eponymns linked with this gait refer to Trendelenburg, because Duchenne offered a simple alternative, i.e., a memorable name that visually presented the character of the gait (waddling gait), and because he failed to illustrate the gait description with relevant illustrations. Disclosure: Dr. Lanska received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Medlink Neurology and Elsevier.
Low-Rank and Row-Sparse Decomposition for Joint DOA Estimation and Distorted Sensor Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Distorted sensors could occur randomly and may lead to the breakdown of a sensor array system. We consider an array model within which a small number of sensors are distorted by unknown sensor gain and phase errors. With such an array model, the problem of joint direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and distorted sensor detection is investigated and the problem is formulated under the framework of low-rank and row-sparse decomposition. We derive an iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm to solve the resulting problem in both noiseless and noisy cases. The convergence property of the IRLS algorithm is analyzed by means of the monotonicity and boundedness of the objective function. Extensive simulations are conducted regarding parameter selection, convergence speed, computational complexity, and performances of DOA estimation as well as distorted sensor detection. Even though the IRLS algorithm is slightly worse than the alternating direction method of multipliers in detecting the distorted sensors, the results show that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art techniques in terms of convergence speed, computational cost, and DOA estimation performance.
Türk inşaat sektöünde iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to determine the state of occupational health and safety of the construction industry among other industries in Turkey. For this purpose, data such as the number of occupational diseases, the number of occupational injuries, the number of cases of permanent incapacity to work and the number of fatal occupational injuries in each industry are derived from official sources. The comparison of the construction industry with other industries in terms of occupational health and safety is made with the comparative measures calculated with these data. In addition, it is intended to determine some characteristics of the occupational injuries and victims in the construction industry. Therefore, the distribution of more than 22,700 data concerning occupational injuries according to some selected variables is taken into account.
REVIEWS OF MUSIC

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF MUSIC Get access Gioachino Rossini, Quelques riens pour album, ed. Marvin Tartak. ‘Edizione critica delle opere di Gioachino Rossini’, vii. ( Fondazione Rossini, Pesaro, 1982.) WILLIAM J. GATENS WILLIAM J. GATENS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 68, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/68.1.94 Published: 01 January 1987
sj-jpg-7-tam-10.1177_17588359211059874 – Supplemental material for Treatment patterns, testing practices, and outcomes in the pre-FLAURA era for patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC: a retrospective chart review (REFLECT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-jpg-7-tam-10.1177_17588359211059874 for Treatment patterns, testing practices, and outcomes in the pre-FLAURA era for patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC: a retrospective chart review (REFLECT) by Alfredo Addeo, Maximilian Hochmair, Urska Janzic, Elizabeth Dudnik, Andriani Charpidou, Adam Płużanński, Tudor Ciuleanu, Ivan Shterev Donev, Judith Elbaz, Jørgen Aarøe, René Ott and Nir Peled in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
Clients’ experiences of one‐to‐one low‐intensity interventions for common mental health problems: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives Common mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and carry significant health care and economic burdens. The UK 's improving access to psychological therapies ( IAPT ) initiative was developed as a cost‐effective way of reducing the pernicious effects of these disorders. IAPT interventions, such as guided self‐help, have been subjected to considerable quantitative evaluation. However, there has been minimal investigation into clients’ experiences of the one‐to‐one low‐intensity interventions (LIIs), which form a key component of IAPT service provision. Qualitative exploration could provide rich data regarding experiences of psychological change and factors affecting therapeutic experiences. This will enable informative, client led insights into how low‐intensity therapy can be improved. Methods Interpretative phenomenological analysis of eight semi‐structured interviews was used to develop an idiosyncratic understanding of clients’ experiences of one‐to‐one LIIs following entry into a randomized control trial ( RCT ). Results Four superordinate themes were identified from clients’ accounts: goals and expectations of therapy, beneficial aspects of therapy, non‐beneficial aspects of therapy, and the experience of psychological change. A heuristic model of interrelationships between factors is proposed. Conclusions Both therapeutic techniques and relationships contribute to beneficial therapeutic experiences. The results reported here can be used to inform practice by harnessing the most beneficial aspects of therapy, such as developing adaptive therapeutic approaches to clients’ clinical needs and facilitating idiosyncratic processes of psychological change. Due to limited qualitative research in this area, further research should be conducted in different service settings to assess differences and similarities in clients’ experiences. Practitioner points Therapists who adapted to clients’ individual needs were perceived as more effective than those who did not. Effective therapeutic experiences were exemplified by a personal therapeutic approach, enough time to discuss issues and normalizing client's experiences. Clients develop idiosyncratic models of change which should be encouraged by therapists over and above clinical models.
Hubungan Faktor Sosial Petani dengan Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Padi Hibrida di Kecamatan Pulung Kabupaten Ponorogo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Relationship of Social Factors of Farmers with Application of Hybrid Rice Cultivation Technology in Pulung Sub-Distrct of Ponorogo Regency Hybrid rice is a new innovation in agriculture. In its development as an innovation in agriculture, farmers must understand first about how to cultivate hybrid rice because sometimes farmers do not understand how to cultivate hybrid rice properly and correctly. The process of understanding in the implementation of a new innovation by farmers in farming depends on the social factors. This study aims to identify the level of social factors of farmers, to identify the level of application of hybrid rice cultivation technology, and to find out the relationship between social factors with the application of hybrid rice cultivation technology in the Sub-District Pulung of Ponorogo Regency. Sampling was conducted by saturated sampling method. Data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and rank spearman correlation analysis. The result of descriptive analysis shows that the level of social factor of farmers was in the low category with the achievement score of 1.56, while the application level of hybrid rice cultivation technology in Pulung Sub-District was in the medium category with achievement score of 1.96. The result of correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between the social factors with the application of hybrid rice cultivation technology by the correlation value of 0.837 ** positive direction of the confidence level at 99%. This means that the higher the level of social factors of farmers, the higher the application level of hybrid rice cultivation technology.
Glycogen Stored in Skeletal but Not in Cardiac Muscle in Acid α-Glucosidase Mutant (Pompe) Mice Is Highly Resistant to Transgene-Encoded Human Enzyme

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although many lysosomal disorders are corrected by a small amount of the missing enzyme, it has been generally accepted that 20–30% of normal acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activity, provided by gene or enzyme replacement therapy, would be required to reverse the myopathy and cardiomyopathy in Pompe disease. We have addressed the issue of reversibility of the disease in the Gaa–/– mouse model. We have made transgenic lines expressing human GAA in skeletal and cardiac muscle of Gaa–/– mice, and we turned the transgene on at different stages of disease progression by using a tetracycline-controllable system. We have demonstrated that levels of 20–30% of normal activity are indeed sufficient to clear glycogen in the heart of young Gaa–/– mice, but not in older mice with a considerably higher glycogen load. However, in skeletal muscle—a major organ affected in infantile and in milder, late-onset variants in humans—induction of GAA expression in young Gaa–/– mice to levels greatly exceeding wildtype values did not result in full phenotypic correction, and some muscle fibers showed little or no glycogen clearance. The results demonstrate that complete reversal of pathology in skeletal muscle or long-affected heart muscle will require much more enzyme than previously expected or a different approach.
Ransomware Inside Out

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Android is currently the most widely used mobile environment. This trend encourages malware writers to develop specific attacks targeting this platform with threats designed to covertly collect data or financially extort victims, the so-called ransomware. In this paper we use formal methods, in particular model checking, to automatically dissect ransomware samples. Starting from manual inspection of few samples, we define a set of rule in order to check whether the behaviours we find are representative of ransomware functionalities.
The effect of wavelength, power and treatment pattern on the outcome of laser treatment of port-wine stains

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The argon laser was used to treat 220 patients with port-wine stains with moderate efficacy and few complications although perfect cosmetic results were rarely achieved. Primary failure of the argon laser to produce permanent blanching graded good or excellent was the most important factor limiting the final cosmetic results whilst severe scarring was rare (less than 2%). In order to improve the efficacy of this treatment, a randomized controlled study of different parameters of laser treatment was undertaken in test patches of port-wine stains in 50 patients. A treatment pattern with contiguous or overlapping laser spots was significantly superior to treatment with spots of 1 or 2 mm separation. Increasing the power level to twice the minimum blanching power did not improve efficacy or significantly increase scarring. A randomized study of selective absorption using a neodymium (Nd) YAG laser showed similar efficacy for the different wavelengths although scarring was greater with the Nd-YAG laser. This study has shown that laser treatment can offer a moderately effective treatment for port-wine stains. For best results spot separation needs to be carefully controlled, whilst wavelength and power level appear to be less important than previously reported.
Characterization of the Weatherization Assistance Program network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Characterization of the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) Network was designed to describe the national network of State and local agencies that provide WAP services to qualifying low-income households. The objective of this study was to profile the current WAP network. To achieve the objective, two national surveys were conducted: one survey collected data from 49 State WAP agencies (including the coterminous 48 States and the District of Columbia), and the second survey collected data from 920 (or 81 percent) of the local WAP agencies.
Visualizing Shape Deformations with Variation of Geometric Spectrum

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel approach based on spectral geometry to quantify and visualize non-isometric deformations of 3D surfaces by mapping two manifolds. The proposed method can determine multi-scale, non-isometric deformations through the variation of Laplace-Beltrami spectrum of two shapes. Given two triangle meshes, the spectra can be varied from one to another with a scale function defined on each vertex. The variation is expressed as a linear interpolation of eigenvalues of the two shapes. In each iteration step, a quadratic programming problem is constructed, based on our derived spectrum variation theorem and smoothness energy constraint, to compute the spectrum variation. The derivation of the scale function is the solution of such a problem. Therefore, the final scale function can be solved by integral of the derivation from each step, which, in turn, quantitatively describes non-isometric deformations between two shapes. To evaluate the method, we conduct extensive experiments on synthetic and real data. We employ real epilepsy patient imaging data to quantify the shape variation between the left and right hippocampi in epileptic brains. In addition, we use longitudinal Alzheimer data to compare the shape deformation of diseased and healthy hippocampus. In order to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, we also compare it with spatial registration-based methods, e.g., non-rigid Iterative Closest Point (ICP) and voxel-based method. These experiments demonstrate the advantages of our method.
Reducing pressure in bounded DBT code caches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic binary translators (DBT) have recently attracted much attention for embedded systems. The effective implementation of DBT in these systems is challenging due to tight constraints on memory and performance. A DBT uses a software-managed code cache to hold blocks of translated code. To minimize overhead, the code cache is usually large so blocks are translated once and never discarded. However, an embedded system may lack the resources for a large code cache. This constraint leads to significant slowdowns due to the retranslation of blocks prematurely discarded from a small code cache. This paper addresses the problem and shows how to impose a tight size bound on the code cache without performance loss. We show that about 70% of the code cache is consumed by instructions that the DBT introduces for its own purposes. Based on this observation, we propose novel techniques that reduce the amount of space required by DBT-injected code, leaving more room for actual application code and improving the miss ratio. We experimentally demonstrate that a bounded code cache can have performance on-par with an unbounded one.
Therapeutic effects of 5‐HT 2A receptor activation in a murine ovalbumin‐induced chronic asthma model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchial inflammation, and mucus overproduction. Most in vivo murine models of asthma utilize short‐term exposure of an aerosolized antigen to induce a T‐helper‐2 cell triggered immune response. While these models provide necessary insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms governing acute asthmatic attacks, they are limited in their ability to promote the airway structural remodeling and persistent airway hyperresponsiveness which characterize clinical asthma. Here we have generated a persistent model of allergic airways disease to evaluate the effects of serotonin 2A receptor activation on chronic asthma. We have previously demonstrated that intranasal delivery of the highly selective 5‐HT 2A agonist ( R )‐2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoamphetamine [( R )‐DOI] potently prevents mucus hyperproduction, airways inflammation, and pulmonary eosinophil recruitment in an acute model of allergic asthma. In this work prolonged exposure to aerosolized ovalbumin induces persistent airway hyperresponsiveness, goblet cell hyperplasia, and elevated collagen deposition with increased smooth muscle mass, all hallmarks of chronic asthma in humans. Inhalation of 1.0 mg/kg ( R )‐DOI post allergen exposure reduces airway hyperresponsiveness and collagen deposition in mice with persistent allergic airways disease. Furthermore, 5‐HT 2A receptor activation resets the inflammatory microenvironment repeated chronic allergen exposure induces in the whole lung and airways. These results highlight a unique role the 5‐HT 2A receptor plays in immune cell regulation and further illustrates 5‐HT 2A receptor agonism to be a powerful anti‐inflammatory therapy. Support or Funding Information This work was supported, in part, by research funds from the American Asthma Foundation Scholar Grant Award to C.N. and a sponsored research contract from The Eleusis Benefit Corporation. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Moderating effects of environmental stressors on the development of attention to threat in infancy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract An attention bias to threat has been linked to psychosocial outcomes across development, including anxiety (Pérez‐Edgar, K., Bar‐Haim, Y., McDermott, J. M., Chronis‐Tuscano, A., Pine, D. S., & Fox, N. A. (2010). Attention biases to threat and behavioral inhibition in early childhood shape adolescent social withdrawal. Emotion (Washington, D.C.) , 10(3), 349). Although some attention biases to threat are normative, it remains unclear how these biases diverge into maladaptive patterns of emotion processing for some infants. Here, we examined the relation between household stress, maternal anxiety, and attention bias to threat in a longitudinal sample of infants tested at 4, 8, and 12 months. Infants were presented with a passive viewing eye‐tracking task in which angry, happy, or neutral facial configurations appeared in one of the four corners of a screen. We measured infants’ latency to fixate each target image and collected measures of parental anxiety and daily hassles at each timepoint. Intensity of daily parenting hassles moderated patterns of attention bias to threat in infants over time. Infants exposed to heightened levels of parental hassles became slower to detect angry (but not happy) facial configurations compared with neutral faces between 4 and 12 months of age, regardless of parental anxiety. Our findings highlight the potential impact of the environment on the development of infants’ early threat processing and the need to further investigate how early environmental factors shape the development of infant emotion processing.