jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multi-robot Based Chemical Plume Tracing with Virtual Odor-Source-Probability Sensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At present, odor sensors and anemometers are simply used by most chemical plume tracing algorithms to measure the concentration and wind speed/direction, respectively. To make full use of the information of concentration and wind for chemical plume tracing, the concept of virtual odor-source-probability sensor (VOSPS) is put forward. The VOSPS adopts the data of odor sensor and anemometer as input and outputs local odor source probability distribution through Bayesian estimation and fuzzy inference. The global odor source probability distribution is constructed by the method of log odds-ratio. The expectation of odor source probability distribution is used to express the fitness function of the PSO algorithm which is used to coordinate the multi-robot system. To validate the tracing strategy, the plume model corresponding to the actual boundary condition of an indoor ventilated environment is set up. Considering the slow response and recovery time of most real odor sensors, a second-order sensor model is built. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the existing PSO based plume tracing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has quick search speed and high success rate.
The Use of a General Practitioner's Time

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In his presidential address to the Royal Statistical Society in 1951, Professor Bradford Hill gave details of a survey of the day's work of a doctor, based on records kept by doctors during the 12 months which ended July 1, 1939. The two main indices were attendances of patients at the doctor's surgery and visits by the doctor to insured patients, and varia tions were examined by day, week, and month. The same indices have also been used in surveys of the work of individual practitioners (McGregor, 1949; Pemberton, 1949; Fry, 1952). In an analysis of clinical records of eight practices, Logan (1953) measured morbidity by recourse to a consultation rate; Crawford (1954) in a survey of a practice in Northern Ireland conducted over a 2-year period used spell of illness. These surveys provide no detailed knowledge of the use of a doctor's time, the subject considered in the present report. It is by no means easy to obtain information on this matter without undue inter ference with the routine of practice. The time spent with each patient is not normally recorded, and it is difficult to assess in respect of administrative and professional work not directly concerned with the care of patients.
Effects of late gestation nutrient restriction on cow body weight, body condition score, colostrum quality, future reproduction and subsequent calf performance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable protein and energy restriction during late gestation on the body condition score, bodyweight, and colostrum quality of fall calving cows, as well as their subsequent calf performance. For this study, 48 multiparous Angus cows were used from the Iowa State University-McNay Research and Demonstration Farm fall herd.&nbsp;
Synchronous primary ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and poorly differentiated endometrial stromal sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The presence of two concomitant genital malignant tumours is a rare phenomenon with an incidence of 0.7%. They are typically localised in the uterus and ovary, and approximately 50% are identical endometrioid - endometrioid histological type. In the presence of two different histological types of tumours, diagnosis is easier, but because of the small number of reported cases, there are no precise data on their clinical course. Generally, women with synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumours have a better prognosis and are more frequently younger, obese, multiparous and in menopause compared with women who have metastatic ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer. Case Report: In this work, we present a 53-year-old woman who contacted a gynaecologist because of irregular uterine haemorrhaging. The gynaecological exam revealed a tumour protruding through the cervical canal. The biopsy with initial histopathological diagnosis and additional ECHO and CT evaluations indicated the presence of a cervical tumour spreading over the uterus and both uterine adnexa. After surgical intervention, macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the postoperative material showed the simultaneous presence of two different malignancies, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and poorly differentiated endometrial stromal sarcoma, which infiltrated all layers of the uterus, cervix and both fallopian tubes. Conclusion: The prognosis of synchronous tumours of the ovary and the uterus is primarily dependent on the stage and histological type of each tumour. Because of the rather small number of reported cases, a large part of this phenomenon remains unknown. Our report is the first description of the synchronous occurrence of endometrial ovarian carcinoma and uterine stromal sarcoma.
A role for Arabidopsis cryptochromes and COP1 in the regulation of stomatal opening

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cryptochromes (CRY) are blue light photoreceptors that mediate various light-induced responses in plants and animals. Arabidopsis CRY (CRY1 and CRY2) functions through negatively regulating constitutive photomorphogenic (COP) 1, a repressor of photomorphogenesis. Water evaporation and photosynthesis are regulated by the stomatal pores in plants, which are closed in darkness but open in response to blue light. There is evidence only for the phototropin blue light receptors (PHOT1 and PHOT2) in mediating blue light regulation of stomatal opening. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized role for Arabidopsis CRY and COP1 in the regulation of stomatal opening. Stomata of the cry1 cry2 double mutant showed reduced blue light response, whereas those of the CRY1-overexpressing plants showed hypersensitive response to blue light. In addition, stomata of the phot1 phot2 double mutant responded to blue light, but those of the cry1 cry2 phot1 phot2 quadruple mutant hardly responded. Strikingly, stomata of the cop1 mutant were constitutively open in darkness and stomata of the cry1 cry2 cop1 and phot1 phot2 cop1 triple mutants were open as wide as those of the cop1 single mutant under blue light. These results indicate that CRY functions additively with PHOT in mediating blue light-induced stomatal opening and that COP1 is a repressor of stomatal opening and likely acts downstream of CRY and PHOT signaling pathways.
Morocco's Hirak al-Rif Movement: "Youths of the Neighbourhood" as Innovative Protesters?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines how protesters produce new tactics by focusing specifically on Hirak Al-Rif, a protest movement which took place in Morocco in 2016–2017. Drawing on several sources (e.g. semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, live-streamed Facebook videos, and digital traces), the article shows how new tactics can derive from routine activities and, by focusing on the role of newcomers, suggests to go beyond a strictly top-down model of mobilisations. Newcomers relied on everyday routines at the neighbourhood level and amplified the dynamic of protests in a way that went beyond the initial expectations of core activists. Tactical innovations can thus be fostered through pressures and reappropriations enacted "from below", which bind core activists to the wider base of the movement through moral obligations. Biographical experiences, prior bonds, and the individuals' positions in the mobilisation networks also prove to be relevant matters in the plural and contingent making of tactical innovations.
Removing Barriers To Healthy Eating And Exercise In Overweight Women Of Mozambique

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

2058 A common perception is that obesity is not a problem in underdeveloped countries. Although Mozambique is one of the poorest countries in the world and under nutrition is commonplace, the prevalence of obesity is rising in many segments of the population. PURPOSE: To evaluate a behavioral intervention to remove perceived barriers to healthy eating and exercise in overweight women of Mozambique. METHODS: Overweight (BMI = 32.5 ± 1.4, mean ± SEM) women (n = 15) from Mozambique, Africa participated in a Healthy Lifestyle intervention with decreasing levels of professional contact. 90-min classes were held weekly for the first 3 months, bi-weekly for months 4–6, monthly for months 7–12, with no contact for months 13 – 18. The focus of the classes was to help women diminish their personal barriers to healthy eating and exercise. Strategies addressed tangible barriers, like scheduling time for exercise and meal preparation, as well as psychological barriers, such as eating to relieve stress. A t-test for within group comparisons was used to evaluate pre and post-test scores on anthropometric measures and psychological profiles (p<0.05 significance). RESULTS: Women were successful in reducing their number of barriers to healthy eating (7.5 ± 1.0 vs 3.1 ± 0.5), and exercise (0.9 ± 0.2 vs 0.3 ± 0.1), reducing their frustration level (28.8 ± 1.3 vs 23.1 ± 1.5). These changes allowed them to move one stage further in the Transtheoretical Model for Behavior Change (2.7 ± 0.3 vs 3.8 ± 0.3). As a group, the women demonstrated healthier behaviors as manifest by a decrease in body weight (79.7 ± 4.8 vs 76.6 ± 4.3), BMI (32.5 ± 1.4 vs 30.7 ± 1.3), waist circumference (92.5 ± 3.3 vs 85.5 ± 3.3 cm), hip circumference (111.7 ± 3.5 vs 107.8 ± 3.9 cm) and waist-to-hip ratio (0.79 ± 0.20 vs 0.77 ± 0.10). CONCLUSION: A Healthy Lifestyle intervention that does not focus on body weight can help overweight African women reduce their barriers to behavior change and participate in healthier behaviors that reduce disease risk.
Two Novel One-Way Delay Clock Skew Estimators and Their Performances for the Fractional Gaussian Noise/Generalized Fractional Gaussian Noise Environment Applicable for the IEEE 1588v2 (PTP) Case

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Papers in the literature dealing with the Ethernet network characterize packet delay variation (PDV) as a long-range dependence (LRD) process. The fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) or the generalized fractional Gaussian noise (gfGn) belong to the LRD process. The IEEE1588v2 is a two-way delay (TWD) protocol that uses the messages from the Forward (Master to Slave) and the Reverse (Slave to Master) paths. Suppose we have a significant difference between the PDV variances of the Forward and the Reverse paths. Thus, if we can use only the path with the lowest PDV variance (namely, only the one-way delay (OWD) technique), we might get a better clock skew performance from the mean square error (MSE) point of view compared with the traditional TWD method. This paper proposes two OWD clock skew estimators, one for the Forward path and one for the Reverse path applicable for the white-Gaussian, fGn and gfGn environment. Those OWD estimators do not depend on the unknown asymmetry between the fixed delays in the Forward and Reverse paths and nor on the clock offset between the Master and Slave. We also supply two closed-form approximated expressions for the MSE related to our new proposed OWD clock skew estimators. In addition, we supply some conditions, summarized in a table, guiding us whether we should use the OWD clock skew estimator for the Forward path or for the Reverse path, or just use the TWD algorithm. Simulation results confirm that our new proposed OWD clock skew estimators achieve better clock skew performances from the MSE point of view, compared with the TWD clock skew estimator recently proposed by the same authors and compared with two literature known OWD methods (the maximum likelihood and Kalman clock skew estimators).
Human disease variants in the ryanodine receptor have effects in vivo for Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ryanodine receptor is a key intracellular calcium ion channel in nerve and muscle cells. A number of links have been made between the ryanodine receptor and age- related muscular and neurodegeneration. Variants of the RYR1 gene are associated with malignant hyperthermia, which is a hypermetabolic reaction to inhalational anaesthetics. I used eight genome-edited Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing ryanodine receptors with modifications equivalent to known RYR1 disease variants to characterise the consequences of these variants on neuromuscular function in vivo. Animals expressing variant ryanodine receptors exhibited increased sensitivity to halothane when both homozygous and heterozygous for the variants. This mirrors the situation in humans where malignant hyperthermia is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Novel, subtle, locomotion defects were found in animals expressing variant ryanodine receptors even in the absence of halothane. In-depth analysis of crawling suggested that these variant channels release excessive calcium, resulting in increased muscle contraction. Exaggerated age-related degeneration of locomotion was observed in variant strains, which may be a result of excessive calcium release via variant ryanodine receptors throughout the lifespan resulting in cellular damage. Cholinergic pharmacological agents were used to characterise if the consequences of the variants were pre and/ or post-synaptic. A range of complex phenotypes were found, reflecting the complexity of regulatory inputs to the ryanodine receptor. The altered properties of variant ryanodine receptors and effects of long-term calcium mishandling found here are anticipated to have consequences for human carriers, which may be in the nerve cells. Assessment of these phenotypes in a whole organism was important to fully appreciate the significant effects of variant ryanodine receptors.
Analysis of Worker Wages by Employment Type and Company Type : Focusing on PSM-DID

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 한국노동연구원에서 매년 실시하는 한국노동패널조사(KLIPS) 제24차 자료를 활용하여 근로자의 고용형태 및 기업 유형이 임금에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 종속변수는 월 급여 데이터를 로그 변환하여 분석하였다. 독립변수는 정규직과 비정규직의 고용형태와 기업 유형을 8개로 구분하였으며 통제변수로 성별, 연령, 노조 유무, 노조 가입 여부, 학력 등을 사용하였다. 기업을 구분하여 분석한 결과 여성보다 남성의 급여가 많았으며 노조에 가입한 근로자가 노조에 가입하지 않은 근로자보다 급여를 더 받는 것으로 나타났다. 학력은 정규직과 비정규직 구분 없이 박사 학위 취득자가 더 많은 급여를 받고 있었다. 사업장 소재지를 기준으로 분석한 결과 수도권이 비수도권보다 급여가 많은 것으로 확인되었다. 성향점수 매칭 및 이중차분법 분석결과 노조에 가입한 정규직과 노조에 가입하지 않은 비정규직의 차이는 -0.174로 나타났다. 이에 따라 정규직과 비정규직의 임금 격차 해소를 위해서는 정규직에 해당하는 일자리를 생성하고 비정규직 근로자의 자기개발과 직업훈련 기회를 확대하여 정규직과 비정규직의 고용형태를 완화하는 장기적인 정책이 필요하다.
GAS FLOW BEHAVIOR IN A ROUGH-CUT CYCLONE IN FCC DISENGAGER

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gas flow behavior in a rough-cut cyclone in FCC disengager was studied. DSM model provided by CFX 5.5 was adopted to predict the gas flow field, and simulation results were compared with experimental data measured by means of five-hole probe. The comparison verified the good power of DSM model. The simulation and experimental results both revealed great differences between a rough-cut cyclone and a traditional one in terms of flow field.There existed reversed flow in the exit tube and dipleg,which could get to the separation space and strongly disturb the flow field. On the basis of the flow field, scalar transport equation was used to compute the gas residence time distribution. Simulation results of gas tracing showed that residence time distribution of the gas from the inlet and out of the dipleg and exit tube assumed logarithmic normal distribution. Gas residence time of the reversed flow took on a double-peak profile. Average gas residence time was increased by 5%—10% approximately for the existence of reversed flow in the exit tube. Decrease of diameter of the dipleg and existence of a hopper could increase mass flux out of the exit tube as well as decrease the reversed flow distinctly, thus the average gas residence time was decreased significantly.
Broader head, stronger bite: In vivo bite forces in European eel Anguilla anguilla

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work examined three different phenotypes of the yellow‐eel stage of the European eel Anguilla anguilla , broad‐heads, narrow‐heads and eels with an intermediate head shape. The aim was to see whether broad‐headed A. anguilla , which generally consume harder, larger prey, such as crustaceans and fish, exerted greater bite force than the narrow‐headed variant, which mainly consume soft, small prey such as chironomid larvae. It was found that in 99 yellow A. anguilla , in vivo bite force of broad‐heads are higher compared with narrow‐heads and intermediates.
Implementation of Child-Friendly City Program Policy by Department Women and Children Empowerment Service Pekanbaru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In supporting the success of the legislation on child protection, the government is implementing the Child-Friendly City/District (KLA) program across Indonesia. Based on the development of the Child-Friendly City program implemented in Pekanbaru, issues concerning child protection are still relatively low. This is due to Pekanbaru being one of the major cities that has experienced rapid changes and development on the island of Sumatra. The development of Pekanbaru has attracted many individuals seeking better livelihood opportunities in the city. The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of the child-friendly city program policy by the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pekanbaru, as well as the factors impeding its effectiveness. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method, with data collection conducted through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The key informant for this study is the Head of the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of Pekanbaru. Meanwhile, the other informants include the Head of the Child Protection and Empowerment Division, the Head of the Regional Planning Agency, the Chairman of the Women and Child Protection Integrated Service Center (P2TP2A), and the Child Forum of Pekanbaru. The results of the study indicate that, based on the research findings and analyses conducted by the author, the implementation of the child-friendly city program by the Office of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection in Pekanbaru is considered to be inadequate. This deficiency is attributed to the high number of reported cases handled by the Office, which serves as the agency responsible for addressing and mitigating violence against women and children
Leukotriene C4 binding to rat lung membranes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A high affinity binding site for leukotriene C4 (LTC4), one component of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, has been identified in a membrane preparation from rat lung. As measured by a filtration technique, [3H]LTC4 binding was saturable, specific, reversible, and heat-sensitive. In the presence of 20 mM CaCl2, the dissociation constant (KD) was 41 +/- 9 nM and the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) was 31 +/- 10 pmol/mg of protein. Specificity was demonstrated by competition studies in which LTC4 had a Ki of 40 nM against specifically bound [3H]LTC4, whereas leukotriene D4 (LTD4) had a Ki of 4 microM. The stereoisomers (5R, 6R) LTC4, (5S, 6S) LTC4, and (5R, 6S) LTC4 had Ki values 3-, 15-, and 25-fold higher than that of natural (5S, 6R) LTC4. Leukotrienes E4 and B4, several prostaglandins and fatty acids, glutathione, and platelet activating factor were even less effective with Ki values above 10 microM. A slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis antagonist, FPL 55712, which, in some systems, distinguishes LTC4- from LTD4-induced contractions, was a weak competitor with a Ki of 16 microM. Serine-borate complex which inhibits gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme responsible for LTC4 metabolism, did not alter binding. In addition, 100 microM FPL 55712 did not reduce metabolism. These observations suggest that the binding observed for LTC4 may represent association with a physiological receptor for this molecule which has a relatively low affinity for LTD4.
Home language and literacy environments at the age of four: determinants and their relation to reading comprehension up to age nine (Ambientes de lenguaje y alfabetización inicial en el hogar a los cuatro años: determinantes y relación con comprensión lectora hasta los nueve años)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study determines (a) which factors of the parenting context, the child and their mothers are associated with environments that differ in their home literacy environment in a Chilean low-SES sample of 53-month-old children, and (b) whether reading comprehension at second and fourth grade is predicted by the socialization in the literacy environment. First, it found that the factors of maternal educational level and cognitions and the child’s task orientation and prosocial behaviour are related to the type of home literacy environment. Likewise, it found that the type of literacy environment predicts reading comprehension at age seven, with a major difference of one standard deviation between the two types of literacy environments. A similar distribution was found at age nine. This article discusses the implications of these results in informing early interventions in disadvantaged socioeconomic levels.
Treating Intangible Inputs As Investment Goods: The Impacton Canadian GDP

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy.Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate.This paper constructs a data set to document firms' expenditures on an identifiable list of intangible items and examines the implications of treating intangible spending as an acquisition of final (investment) goods on GDP growth for Canada.It finds that investment in intangible capital by 2002 is almost as large as the investment in physical capital.This result is in line with similar findings for the U.S. and the U.K. Furthermore, the growth in GDP and labor productivity may be underestimated by as much as 0.1 percentage point per year during this same period.