jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Underwater Bubble Plume Recognition Algorithm Based on Multi-Feature Fusion Understanding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Underwater bubble plume images contain a wealth of information on wave field and flow characteristics, which can provide valuable research data for marine development, environmental protection, and underwater surveys. However, based on fusing image features and wave field environment features, identifying accurately the underwater bubble plume is still very difficult. In order to improve the accuracy and robustness of bubble plume identification in complex underwater environments, an underwater bubble plume recognition algorithm based on multi-feature fusion understanding is proposed. In this paper, a weight-independent dual-channel residual convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction of the original optical images and the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) low-frequency images, and the multi-scale composite feature map groups are generated. Then adaptive fusion is performed based on the feature contribution of the target in different types of images. Next, logical region of interest (ROI) masks are generated by the attention mechanism and superimposed on the fused image to further highlight the target features. Finally, the multi-scale dual-channel fused feature maps containing ROI masks are used for underwater bubble plume target recognition. The experimental results show that the designed recognition network can effectively fuse the features of the original optical images and the NSCT low-frequency imagers, improve the depth of information fusion, and retain the target texture features and the morphological features while reducing the interference of the background information, and have good recognition accuracy and robustness for multi-scale bubble targets in the underwater environment.
Updating Constitutional Rules

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The dominant mode of updating constitutional meaning in the United States is via judicial interpretation, or ordinary legislation, rather than constitutional amendment. On the Supreme Court’s current approach to interpretation, this also creates a serious potential problem when it comes to the updating of constitutional “rules”, as opposed to “standards” – because when it comes to such rules, the Court generally declines to adopt an evolutionary approach to the interpretation and also often strikes down attempts by Congress or state legislatures (or even voters) to pass substitute updating legislation existence. The article, however, argues that at least part of this current approach by the Court is mistaken, and that when it comes in particular to attempts by Congress or state legislatures to pass such updating legislation, the Court should instead apply a clear margin of deference to determining the validity of relevant legislative action. While theoretically novel, clear precedent for such an approach can be found in federal courts’ approach to the Treaty Clause, as well as several other constitutional contexts. By its indirect nature, such an approach also largely avoids potential objections to more direct forms of interpretive updating by the Court in the context of various constitutional rules.
Jeffrey Murray et David Wardle (éd.), Reading by Example: Valerius Maximus and the Historiography of Exempla

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Les études consacrées à Valère Maxime connurent un renouveau important grâce à l’ouvrage fondateur de W. Martin Bloomer (Valerius Maximus and the Rhetoric of the New Nobility). La collection « Historiography of Rome and Its Empire » accueille les actes d’un colloque qui s’est tenu à l’Université du Cap en 2017. Marquant les vingt-cinq ans de la parution du livre de W. Martin Bloomer, ces actes s’inscrivent dans la continuité historiographique. L’introduction de J. Murray offre une mise au po...
The effect of dextrose ingestion on cardiovascular endurance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of dextrose on cardiovascular endurance. The subjects were nineteen male students enrolled at Loma Linda University in Riverside, California. The subjects were exercised to their maximum while being tested on the treadmill.· Subjects were each tested twice. Thirty minutes before exercising, they ingested one hundred grams of dextrose for one test and ten ounces of sugar-free Kool-aid for the second test. The difference in exhaustion times was then recorded.\nThe data indicated that dextrose ingestion decreased exhaustion time on the treadmill. Subjects were able to exercise for a longer period of time after the intake of a sugar-free substance.\nIt is concluded that the ingestion of dextrose, as used in this study, decreases cardiovascular endurance.
Long-Term Human Histologic Evaluation of Sinus Bone Augmentation and Simultaneous Implant Placement

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate osseointegration following simultaneous implant placement and maxillary sinus augmentation. Three retrospective human cases are described in which implants were placed at the maxillary sinus site augmented with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and later retrieved due to implant fracture after 5 to 8 years of occlusal loading. The removed implants with bone were processed for histologic evaluation, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA), and mirror-image bone area (MIBA) were measured. Mature lamella bone was mainly observed, and some unabsorbed grafted bone particles remained in all cases. The measured values of BIC, BA, and MIBA in the three consecutive threads with the highest values were 86.0% to 91.2%, 65.8% to 91.9%, and 73.0% to 90.4%, respectively, and there were no signs of inflammation. Within the limits of this study, these cases demonstrate successful bone formation after maxillary sinus bone augmentation with DBBM and simultaneous implant placement.
The Effects of Maternal Gatekeeping on Shared Past Conversations through Father Involvement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background and aims: Personal life stories and memories individuals tell is a way of defining themselves within families, contexts, and cultures. Memory conversations about shared and unshared past events have a critical role in their cognitive development in terms of recognition, remembering, and narrating. In addition, reminiscing about shared and unshared memories with parents lead children to adopt a particular narrative style, that was theorized to remain stable over life span. In previous research about reminiscing style that parents, and children develop and share, parent involvement has been generally referred to as mother involvement, and only a few studies examined fathers’ contribution in these conversations. This lack of research on fathers’ role might be due to mothers’ attributed role as the main caregiver which can lead to maternal gatekeeping behavior. The current study explored the relationship between maternal gatekeeping behavior and the characteristics of father- child memory conversations through the mediator role of father involvement. Methods: Father-child dyads were invited Middle East Technical University Child and Adolescent Lab to reminisce about a shared past event. Those conversations were audio-recorded and afterwards both fathers’ and children’s level of elaborativeness in conversing about the shared past event was coded. Mothers filled out mother involvement and maternal gatekeeping scales, while fathers filled out father involvement and perceived maternal gatekeeping scale. Results and conclusion: Results revealed that maternal gatekeeping, perceived maternal gatekeeping, or mother involvement did not predict father involvement, or participants’ elaborativeness. However, father involvement significantly predicted child elaborativeness in the shared past conversation. The overall mediation model was not significant. Further analyses showed effects of child’s gender on some of the relationships in the model. In those terms, results revealed that maternal gatekeeping and father involvement affect father-child dyad’s memory characteristics in shared past conversations in a different way, as a result of gender socialization roles.
Study of Different Biomaterials for Artificial Lumbar Disc Prosthesis Using FEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of a lumbar spine disc prosthesis with different materials. The study was performed at L4-L5 lumbar motion segment using the finite element method (FEM). A healthy Finite Element (FE) model was used as a reference with which to compare the results of the FE simulations of the artificial discs. The healthy and the artificial FE models were subjected to a combination of 0.5 MPa Compression pre-load and 10Nm of Flexion moment. The artificial FE models were based on Maverick artificial disc, and the three materials proposed for study the artificial disk were Titanium, Ceramic and CrCoMo alloy. The most suitable material for developed the artificial disc was the CoCrMo alloy due to: The von Mises stresses on the bone with which this artificial disc was in contact were reduced as much as possible and also, were very similar to the von Mises stresses obtained in the bones from the healthy disc.
P.116 Anatomical fiducials used to quantify localization and registration accuracy in deep brain stimulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Studies of deep brain stimulation (DBS) require accurate electrode localization and image registration. We used anatomical fiducials to investigate localization and registration errors in patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent bilateral STN DBS for PD. Pre and post operative MRI scans were non-linearly normalized to a standard template (MNI152NLin2009bAsym). Four raters localized DBS electrodes (Lead-DBS), the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC). Errors between rater localizations were calculated (fiducial localization error; FLE). We transformed AC and PC coordinates from template to patient space to calculate the fiducial registration error (FRE)Results: Ninety-nine patients were analyzed, with a median FLE of 0.76mm, 0.74mm, 0.71mm and 0.66mm for the right electrode, left electrode, AC and PC respectively (no significant difference, Wilcoxon sign rank). The median FRE was 1.59mm for AC and 1.21mm for PC, significantly higher than FLE at those coordinates (Wilcoxon sign rank, p<0.001). Conclusions: Raters can accurately localize DBS electrodes, AC and PC from clinical images with sub-millimetric accuracy. Higher FREs at AC and PC suggested registration errors may contribute more than localization errors to electrode uncertainty in a common space.
Select bibliography

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today's world, we are offered a constantly expanding number of technologies to integrate into our lives. We now utilise a range of interconnected technologies at work, at home and at leisure. The realm of sport is no exception, where new technologies or enhancements are available to athletes, coaches, scientists, umpires, governing bodies and broadcasters. However, this book argues that in a world where time has become a precious commodity and numerous options are always on offer, functionality is no longer enough to drive their usage within elite sports training, competition and broadcasting. Consistent with an actor-network theory approach as developed by Bruno Latour, John Law, Michele Callon and Annemarie Mol, the book shows how those involved in sport must grapple with a unique set of understandings and connections in order to determine the best combination of technologies and other factors to serve their particular purpose. This book uses a case study approach to demonstrate how there are multiple explanations and factors at play in the use of technology that cannot be reduced to singular explanations like performance enhancement or commercialisation. Specific cases examined include doping, swimsuits, GPS units, Hawk-Eye and kayaks, along with broader areas such as the use of sports scientists in training and the integration of new enhancements in broadcasting. In all cases, the book demonstrates how multiple actors can affect the use or non-use of technology.
Increasing the Cell Number of Host Tetraploid Embryos Can Improve the Production of Mice Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tetraploid (4n) embryo complementation assay has shown that embryonic stem (ES) cells alone are capable of supporting embryonic development (ES mouse), allowing the recovery of mouse lines directly from cultured ES cell lines. Although the advantages of this technique are well recognized, it remains inefficient for generating ES mice. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cell number of host 4n embryos on the production of ES mice. Four independent ES cell lines (two general ES cell lines and two nuclear transfer-derived ES cell lines) were used, and each cell line was aggregated with single (1X) to triple (3X) host 4n embryos. We found that birth rate of ES mice using 1X 4n embryos was quite low (0-2%) regardless of cell line, whereas except for one cell line, approximately 6-14% of embryos developed to full term in the case of 3X 4n embryos. Contamination of host 4n cells in ES mice was quite rare, being comparable to that generated using general methods even if they were delivered from 3X 4n host embryos. These results demonstrate that the use of 3X 4n embryos is effective for generating ES mice. Our technique described here will be applicable to any ES cell line, including general ES cell lines used for gene targeting.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched 3‐Amino‐3‐Substituted Oxindoles by Stereoselective Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Supported Bifunctional Thioureas.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Enantioenriched 3‐amino‐3‐substituted oxindoles have been obtained by addition of different nucleophiles to N ‐Boc ketimines derived from isatin catalyzed by chiral bifunctional supported thioureas. The Mannich reaction occurs with excellent enantioselection, but poor diastereoselection when prochiral nucleophiles were used. The supported catalyst were recovered and reused for five times without loss of activity. The mixture of diastereoisomers formed when a prochiral structure was used as nucleophile was converted into a single enantioenriched pyrazolyl derivative. magnified image
Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome — Fetal phenotypes with special reference to the syndrome‐specific internal malformation pattern

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Autosomal‐recessive SLOS is caused by mutations in the DHCR7 gene. It is defined as a highly variable complex of microcephaly with intellectual disability, characteristic facies, hypospadias, and polysyndactyly. Syndrome diagnosis is often missed at prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy Methods We performed autopsies and DHCR7 gene analyses in eight fetuses suspected of having SLOS and measured cholesterol values in long‐term formalin‐fixed tissues of an additional museum exhibit Results Five of the nine fetuses presented classical features of SLOS, including four cases with atrial/atrioventricular septal defects and renal anomalies, and one with additional bilateral renal agenesis and a Dandy‐Walker cyst. These cases allowed for diagnosis at autopsy and subsequent SLOS diagnosis in two siblings. Two fetuses were mildly affected and two fetuses showed additional holoprosencephaly. These four cases and the exhibit had escaped diagnosis at autopsy. The case with bilateral renal agenesis presented a novel combination of a null allele and a putative C‐terminus missense mutation in the DHCR7 gene Conclusions In view of the discrepancy between the prevalence of SLOS among newborns and the carrier frequency of a heterozygous DHCR7 gene mutation, the syndrome‐specific internal malformation pattern may be helpful not to miss SLOS diagnosis in fetuses at prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy
Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid during the early period after renal transplant.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our results demonstrate that total body weight, time after transplant, and mycophenolate mofetil dosage according to body weight affect mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics. We suggest that mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics monitoring is necessary to individualize mycophenolate mofetil dosing during the early posttransplant period.
Corrosive Behaviour of Friction Stir Al Alloy Welding Technique: A Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is a technique under which solid state joining process principal working upon the materials for infusing strength. As reported by myriad scholars FSW emphatically used in automobiles, air craft structures, ship building etc. With priority to consume alloys used aluminum as base metal. Due to their cost effectiveness and lighter in weight. We discussed alloys of 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx series to ascertain the corrosion nature of prime material. Aluminums may be heat treated or non-heat treated so we discussed the impact of various corrosive techniques for strengthening the alloys. This article elaborate about the corrosion behavior of the material over HAZ, NZ, TMAZ regions of welded part and ascertain the various process parameters under intergranular corrosion testing(ICG) & Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique under varying circumstances. Purpose of this paper is to enhance the fundamental skill of researchers in future for effectively dealt with the improvement of Aluminums alloys.
Streptomyces herbicida sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antibacterial and herbicidal activity isolated from soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A novel actinobacterial strain (NEAU-HV9 T ) showing antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and herbicidal activity against Amaranthus retroflexus L. was isolated from soil sampled in Bama yao Autonomous County, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The strain is aerobic and Gram-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-HV9 T belonged to the genus Streptomyces and showed high 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Streptomyces panaciradicis 1MR-8 T (98.90 %), Streptomyces sasae JR-39 T (98.89 %) and Streptomyces barringtoniae JA03 T (98.69 %) and less than 98.5 % similarity to other members of the genus Streptomyces . The cell wall of strain NEAU-HV9 T contained ll -diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were composed of MK-9(H 2 ) and MK-9(H 8 ). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , iso - C 16 : 0 and C 17 : 1 ω 8 c . The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NEAU-HV9 T was 70.6 mol%. Furthermore, the strain could be clearly distinguished from its closely related type strains by the combination of DNA–DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics. Meanwhile, strain NEAU-HV9 T displayed herbicidal activity. Therefore, strain NEAU-HV9 T represents a novel species within the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces herbicida sp. nov. is proposed, with strain NEAU-HV9 T (=CCTCC AA 2019088 T =DSM 113364 T ) as the type strain.
Impact of an outpatient palliative care consultation and symptom clusters in terminal patients at a tertiary care center in Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with terminal diseases may benefit physically and psychosocially from an outpatient palliative care visit. Palliative care services are limited in Pakistan. An improved understanding of the symptom clusters present in our population is needed. The first outpatient palliative care center in Karachi, Pakistan, was established at our tertiary care institution. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a palliative care outpatient consultation on symptom burden in patients with a terminal diagnosis. The secondary aim was to analyze the symptom clusters present in our population.Patients with a terminal diagnosis referred to our outpatient palliative department between August 2020-August 2022 were enrolled. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) questionnaire was administered at the initial visit and the first follow-up visit at one month. Change in symptom burden was assessed using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the symptoms reported at the initial visit to evaluate symptom clusters. The palliative performance scale (PPS) was used to measure the performance status of palliative care patients.Among the 78 patients included in this study, the average age was 59 ± 16.6 years, 52.6% were males, 99% patients had an oncological diagnosis, and the median duration between two visits was 14 (Q1-Q3: (7.0, 21.0) days. The median PPS level was 60% (Q1-Q3: 50-70). Overall, ESAS scores decreased between the two visits (6.0 (2.8, 11.0), p < 0.001) with statistically significant improvement in pain (5.0 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001), loss of appetite (5.0 vs. 4.0, p = 0.004), depression (2.0 vs. 0.0, p < 0.001), and anxiety (1.5 vs. 0.0, p = 0.032). Based on symptoms at the initial visit, 3 clusters were present in our population. Cluster 1 included anxiety, depression, and wellbeing; cluster 2 included nausea, loss of appetite, tiredness, and shortness of breath; and cluster 3 included drowsiness.An outpatient palliative care visit significantly improved symptom burden in patients with a terminal diagnosis. Patients may benefit from further development of outpatient palliative care facilities to improve the quality of life in terminally ill patients.
[A prospective study on the timing of discontinuation of aspirin before coronary artery bypass grafting].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of the timing of discontinuation of aspirin before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on postoperative blood loss and blood requirements were examined in 22 patients undergoing elective CABG, who were randomly assigned into two groups. In Group I (11 patients), aspirin was discontinued two days before the operation and in Group II (11 patients), aspirin was continued up to the operation. The other 40 patients, who did not take aspirin for at least seven days before the operation, served as a control Group. There were no differences in preoperative data including the platelet count and the hemoglobin concentration, nor in operative variables such as operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass duration and aortic crossclamp time among the groups. Although postoperative blood loss (six hours' loss; Group I 218 ml, Group II 183 ml and control Group 172 ml) and red blood cells transfusion requirements were not different among the groups, platelet concentrates transfusion was more frequently required in Group II (54.5%) as compared with control Group (7.5%) and Group I (9.1%). The difference between Group II and the control Group reached statistical significance (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between Group I and control Group. This fact suggests that preoperative two days' discontinuation of aspirin works as effectively as seven days' discontinuation.