jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Negative and Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia – a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Traditional antipsychotic treatment improves positive symptoms in schizophrenia but has little impact on negative and cognitive symptoms. TMS is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique which has been suggested to impact negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. This systematic review critically appraised the research evaluating the effect of TMS on negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Furthermore, we carried out a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of the effect of TMS on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Methods Systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Science Direct and PubMed databases were searched for relevant studies using the search terms: “transcranial magnetic stimulation” OR “TMS” OR “repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation” OR “r-TMS” OR “theta burst stimulation” OR “TBS” AND “negative symptoms” OR “cognitive dysfunction” OR “cognitive impairment” AND “schizophrenia” OR “psychosis”. Only randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of TMS (rTMS or iTBS, intermittent theta burst) on negative and/or cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia were selected. Thirty-three studies were included in the systematic review. The Standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each study and pooled across studies using an inverse variance random effect model. Results Sixteen studies demonstrated significant improvement in negative symptoms with a superior effect of TMS compared with sham intervention. Eight studies showed improvement in certain domains of cognition and one study showed a delayed effect on negative symptoms. Studies which showed positive effects on negative symptoms have used similar TMS parameters such as 10 Hz over L-DLPFC (Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) except for a few studies. Ten studies reported negative results for negative and/or cognitive symptoms, TMS parameters and duration of treatment used varied among these studies. Overall, SMD for SANS (Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms) was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.46–1.32, P < 0.00001) and for PANSS-N (Positive and Negative Syndrome scale-negative) was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.22–1.12, P < 0.00001), both in favour of TMS. The heterogeneity of the included studies was high, I 2 - 85% for SANS and 92% for the PANSS-N subscale with a small to moderate risk of publication bias. Conclusion High-frequency rTMS is more effective than sham in improving negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Our results suggest the need for well-designed randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes and standard harmonised cognitive assessments to assess the effect of TMS on negative and cognitive symptoms to provide sufficient evidence for inclusion in routine clinical practice.
Single-View Food Portion Estimation: Learning Image-to-Energy Mappings Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the growing concern of chronic diseases and other health problems related to diet, there is a need to develop accurate methods to estimate an individual's food and energy intake. Measuring accurate dietary intake is an open research problem. In particular, accurate food portion estimation is challenging since the process of food preparation and consumption impose large variations on food shapes and appearances. In this paper, we present a food portion estimation method to estimate food energy (kilocalories) from food images using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). We introduce the concept of an "energy distribution" for each food image. To train the GAN, we design a food image dataset based on ground truth food labels and segmentation masks for each food image as well as energy information associated with the food image. Our goal is to learn the mapping of the food image to the food energy. We can then estimate food energy based on the energy distribution. We show that an average energy estimation error rate of 10.89% can be obtained by learning the image-to-energy mapping.
A randomized controlled trial of a physiology‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention optimization strategy: Rationale and design of the TARGET FFR study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≥0.90 confers an improved cardiac prognosis. There are currently limited data available to determine how often it is possible to improve an angiographically acceptable but physiologically suboptimal result. A physiology‐guided optimization strategy can achieve a clinically meaningful increase in the proportion of patients achieving a final post‐PCI FFR ≥0.90 compared to standard care. Following angiographically successful PCI procedures, 260 patients will be randomized (1:1) to receive either a physiology‐guided incremental optimization strategy (intervention group) or blinded post‐PCI coronary physiology measurements (control group). Patients undergoing successful, standard‐of‐care PCI for either stable angina or non‐ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction who meet the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria will be eligible for randomization. The primary endpoint is defined as the proportion of patients with a final post‐PCI FFR result ≥0.90. Secondary endpoints include change from baseline in Seattle Angina Questionnaire and EQ‐5D‐5L scores at 3 months and the rate of target vessel failure and its components (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, unplanned rehospitalization with target vessel revascularization) at 3 months and 1 year. 260 individual patients were successfully randomized between March 2018 and November 2019. Key baseline demographics of the study population are reported within. TARGET FFR is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, single‐center, randomized controlled trial of an FFR‐guided PCI optimization strategy. The study has completed recruitment and is now in clinical follow‐up. It is anticipated that primary results will be presented in Autumn 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03259815. [Correction added on Apr 3 2020, after first online publication: Clinical Trials identifier added.]
Thermochromism of Specific Crystal Form Oxotitanium Phthalocyanines Studied by Electroabsorption and X-ray Diffraction Measurements

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochromism of Specific Crystal Form Oxotitanium Phthalocyanines Studied by Electroabsorption and X-ray Diffraction MeasurementsToshiro Saito, Yasushi Iwakabe, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Shigeo Suzuki, and Takao IwayanagiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 11, 2726–2728Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100062a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100062a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Investigating early land plant cuticular waxes using physocomitrella patens as a model species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cuticular wax research in Arabidopsis thaliana and other important model plant species has led to the elucidation of biochemical pathways for aliphatic wax synthesis in flowering plants, however, we still lack a critical understanding of how these important pathways developed in early land plants. Physcomitrella patens is a model moss species that is used in laboratory research and is believed to live in habitats similar to those found roughly 500 million years ago. Thus, the cuticle present in Physcomitrella can be used to explore the nature of the cuticles from early land plants. The goal of this thesis was to assess whether the proteins involved in production of wax components for the Physcomitrella cuticle are similar to those that produce the well-studied Arabidopsis cuticle. Six hypothesized cuticular wax genes were discovered in Physcomitrella based on sequence similarity to homologs known to be involved in wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PpCERA, PpCERB, PpCERC, and PpCERD were discovered to have close sequence similarity to AtCER1 and AtCER3, while PpFAR1 and PpFAR2 displayed sequence similarity to AtCER4. Knock-out mutants were generated for each of the Physcomitrella candidate genes, except for Ppfar1, and the ensuing cuticular waxes were analyzed via gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A complementation experiment with Physcomitrella genes in knock-out mutants of the homologs in Arabidopsis was performed to determine if the moss genes could complement the wax-deficient phenotype. The Physcomitrella genes were also expressed in yeast to investigate their biological function, but these studies were discontinued due to technical difficulties. Physcomitrella mutants demonstrated that PpFAR2 participates in the production of primary alcohols and functions in the primary alcohol pathway. PpCERA, PpCERB, PpCERC, and PpCERD participate in the production aldehydes and alkanes. When PpCERC and PpCERD were expressed Arabidopsis alkane pathway mutants, Atcer1-4 and Atcer3-6, the wax deficient phenotype was complemented, and alkane pathway functionality was restored. Expression of PpCERC and PpCERD in Atcer4-3 failed to restore the primary alcohol pathway, suggesting that these enzymes may function in the alkane, not primary alcohol, pathway in Physcomitrella.
De novo finished 2.8 Mbp Staphylococcus aureus genome assembly from 100 bp short and long range paired-end reads

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Paired-end sequencing allows circumventing the shortness of the reads produced by second generation sequencers and is essential for de novo assembly of genomes. However, obtaining a finished genome from short reads is still an open challenge. We present an algorithm that exploits the pairing information issued from inserts of potentially any length. The method determines paths through an overlaps graph by using a constrained search tree. We also present a method that automatically determines suited overlaps cutoffs according to the contextual coverage, reducing thus the need for manual parameterization. Finally, we introduce an interactive mode that allows querying an assembly at targeted regions. Results: We assess our methods by assembling two Staphylococcus aureus strains that were sequenced on the Illumina platform. Using 100 bp paired-end reads and minimal manual curation, we produce a finished genome sequence for the previously undescribed isolate SGH-10-168. Availability and implementation: The presented algorithms are implemented in the standalone Edena software, freely available under the General Public License (GPLv3) at www.genomic.ch/edena.php. Contact: david.hernandez@genomic.ch Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Anglo-Irish movement for political reform

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One purpose of this study is to draw attention to a much-neglected – indeed largely unsuspected – aspect of sixteenth-century Irish political history, its indigenous movement for political reform. That the movement should have escaped the notice of historians is perhaps not surprising. Studies of government and society in Tudor England, despite an increasing concentration on the localities, generally envisage the dynamism for reform as emanating from the centre. The remoter regions – the north, the west, Wales – are depicted as backward and unruly. The achievement of Tudor government was to sow or – to give Edward IV his due – to resow the seeds of reform in this inhospitable soil and to bring them to fruition. Ireland being most remote, it follows that its plight was worst – culturally archaic, intellectually moribund, politically anarchic. One would all the more readily take for granted, therefore, that local stirrings of enthusiasm for political reform were by way of a reaction to stimuli provided by crown government in England.
Mass Balance Studies on the Hintereisferner, Ötztal Alps, 1952–1961

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Investigations of the mass balance of the Hintereisferner are dealt with for the period 1952–61. Ablation of ice was measured with stakes, ten of which per square kilometre were considered as a sufficient number. The area of ice ablation terminates in the “zero-line of ice ablation”. The net accumulation was studied in pits, and by mapping of enduring accumulation patterns. In order to avoid errors it is proposed that the term “firn line” be replaced by the term “old snow line”. This would more clearly emphasize that only the net accumulation of old snow from the current budget year is a gain of mass for the glacier. The term “firn”, in accordance: with Flint’s [1957] definition should be used only for snow more than one year old. Between the old snow line and the zero-line of ice ablation in some years an appreciable firn ablation takes place. The mass balance reveals a large variation between +0 77×10 6 m. 3 of water in the most favourable budget year 1954–55, and −9.83×10 6 m. 3 of water in the most unfavourable budget year 1957–58. The average annual mass balance was −3.60×10 6 m 3 of water, with an estimated maximum possible error of about ±0.54×10 6 m 3 of water.
Prediction of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Tabriz Elderly and Nursing Home Residents Using Stereotype Regression Model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most important health problems of any society. It is more common in elderly even in those dwelling in rest homes. By now, several studies have been conducted on vitamin D deficiency using current statistical models. In this study, corresponding proportional odds and stereotype regression methods were used to identify threatening factors related to vitamin D deficiency in elderly living in rest homes and comparing them with those who live out of the mentioned places. Methods & Materials: In this case-control study, there were 140 older persons living in rest homes and 140 ones not dwelling in these centers. In the present study, 25(OH)D serum level variable and age, sex, body mass index, duration of exposure to sunlight variables were regarded as response and predictive variables to vitamin D deficiency, respectively. The analyses were carried out using corresponding proportional odds and stereotype regression methods and estimating parameters of these two models. Deviation statistics (AIC) was used to evaluate and compare the mentioned methods. Stata.9.1 software was elected to conduct the analyses. Results: Average serum level of 25(OH)D was 16.10±16.65 ng/ml and 39.62±24.78 ng/ml in individuals living in rest homes and those not living there, respectively (P=0.001). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (less than 20 ng/ml) was observed in 75% of members of the group consisting of those living in rest homes and 23.78% of members of another group. Using corresponding proportional odds and stereotype regression methods, age, sex, body mass index, duration of exposure to sunlight variables and whether they are member of rest home were fitted. In both models, variables of group and duration of exposure to sunlight were regarded as meaningful (P<0.001). Stereotype regression model included group variable (odd ratio for a group suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency was 42.85, 95%CI:9.93-185.67) and duration of exposure to sunlight variable (odd ratio for a group suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency was 0.717, 95%CI: 0.642-0.792). Conclusion: This study demonstrated high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in older people living in rest homes comparing with those who do not live in such centers. It seems that stereotype regression as a modern method among multicategory logistic models is well capable in sieving kinds of diseases especially vitamin D deficiency.
Remote operations of experiments on Columbus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors report on work carried out on behalf of ESA to study the implementation of telescience concepts and the requirements set by remote, interactive operations of experiments on the Columbus Attached Pressurised Module, planned as a laboratory module mainly devoted to microgravity experiments, to be integrated with other modules provided by NASA and Japan on the Space Station. The term telescience has been put forward in the US to describe the interactive operation of payloads in space, in order to emphasise that remote operations need to be implemented to make scientific research on the Space Station more effective by involving ground-based research teams directly in the conduct of investigations.
Manufacture of Quality Cream Cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

cheese occupies a relatively small but important place among the many varieties of cheeses made in the United States. The annual per capita consumption is about one-half pound. During the last hundred years a large amount of technical skill and knowledge has been accumulated. Many firms and individuals have contributed to the development of this product. Some of their names are remembered, but many others have been forgotten. In a discussion of the manufacture of cream cheese it is necessary to review its legal background in order to better understand the reasons for the present-day methods of manufacture. First Standards Established in 1921 The first advisory standard of identity for cream cheese was issued in 1921 by the Secretary of Agriculture, who at that time administered the Federal Food and Drug Act which stated that, Cream cheese is the unripened cheese made by the Neufchatel process from whole milk enriched with cream. It contains in the water-free substance not less than sixty-five per cent (65%) of milk fat.
A Digital Society For All – Defining Accessibility Practices in Agile Software Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital products and services have started to replace their physical counterparts during the last two decades. Meanwhile, more than 15 percent of the world’s population lives with some form of disability which has led to societal, industrial and academic interest to improve accessibility. Practical knowledge on accessibility implementation could support teams and software organisations in their accessibility aspirations and shed light on an under-researched but still current topic. \n \n \nThe aim of this study is to define processes and practices that may promote accessibility realisation in the context of agile software development. This study is a combined embedded single-case study and constructive research. First, employees of the case company were interviewed (N=20) and observed, particular emphasis being on three product teams. Additionally, the accessibility of three digital products of the aforementioned teams was evaluated. Second, an accessibility improvement process was constructed and some of its first steps were evaluated. \n \n \nAccording to a combined literature review and empirical research, it appears that the current state of accessibility is weak and accessibility understanding varies greatly within digital practitioners. An existing empathy link to people with disabilities may have a significant impact on understanding the importance of accessibility and its consideration in work. The current challenges include lack of knowledge, understanding and resources as well as present practices. Organisations and practitioners could be motivated through economic, societal and professional and qualitative factors. Moreover, accessibility knowledge, understanding and resources as well as business and management support may enable accessibility realisation. \n \n \nThe Accessibility Improvement Process is proposed to embed accessibility into routines of agile teams and organisations. After an organisation has found its motivation for accessibility implementation and the enablers for continuous accessibility have been ensured, a two-fold accessibility process cycle is recommended for sustainable implementation. This is a pioneering empirical study of developing accessibility processes and practices for teams and organisations.
An In Vitro Evaluation of Ionized Calcium Levels and Clotting in Red Blood Cells Diluted With Lactated Ringer's Solution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The addition of lactated Ringer's solution which contains calcium (RL) to citrated blood products poses a potential risk whenever the level of ionized calcium reaches a concentration capable of catalyzing the coagulation cascade. RL solution is used extensively as both a replacement and a maintenance fluid in the operating room. However, major surgical procedures often require replacement of blood components as well, during the operation. This study examines the in vitro propensity for coagulation when red blood cells (RBC) are diluted with RL. Seven mixtures with different ratios of RBC to RL were prepared from each of 23 units of RBC. These mixtures were analyzed for ionized calcium, total calcium, and pH, and were checked for any indication of coagulation. Nineteen additional RBC units were split into two parts which were mixed with equal volumes of normal saline (NS) or RL. These mixtures were filtered (40 micron) and the weight gain of the paired filters compared. From these studies, the authors identified a threshold value for ionized calcium (0.23 mM/L) below which the probability of clot formation is less than 0.01. This concentration is not reached if the RBC to RL volume ratio is 2:1 or greater. As much as 100 ml of RL can be added to a unit of RBC without exceeding the threshold value. Although not advocating the routine use of RL as a diluent for RBC, the authors conclude that, within the guidelines described, calcium containing salt solutions may be used to dilute blood products.
John Payne Collier and his fabrications

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article John Payne Collier and his fabrications Get access Sydney Race Sydney Race Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CXCVIII, Issue dec, 1 December 1953, Pages 531–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CXCVIII.dec.531a Published: 01 December 1953