jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Combination of Microdialysis and Glucosensor Permits Continuous (On Line) s. c. Glucose Monitoring in a Patient Operated Device:I In Vitro Evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A device for continuous glucose monitoring in fluids was obtained by combining the microdialysis technique with a measuring flow chamber of the “Glucosensor Unitec Ulm” using the GOD method for determining amperometrically blood glucose profiles. The in vitro experiments demonstrate that the relative recovery of glucose by this device is inversely related to the flow rate of the microdialysis perfusion fluid, which, in turn, is inversely related to the response time of the device. The glucose signal increases linearly with the area of the microdialysis working membrane (r = 0.98), and with the glucose concentrations of the standard solutions (r > 0.95). The variation coefficient for repeated measurements is below 8%. The accuracy of the device as demonstrated by mean measuring deviation ranges between 1 and 3.8%.
The Annual Cycle of Satellite-derived Sea Surface Temperature in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean was estimated using four years (July 1984-July 1988) of NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations. High resolution satellite observations at 1-km space and daily time resolution were grided at 100-km space and 5- day time intervals to develop an analysis dataset for determination of low fluency SST variability. The integral time scale, a measure of serial correlation, was found to vary from 40 to 60 days in the domain of interest. The existence of superannual trends in the SST data was investigated, but conclusive results could not be obtained. The annual cycle (and, in particular, the annual harmonic) explains a large proportion of the SST variability. The estimated amplitude of the cycle ranges between 5° and 13°C throughout the study area, with minima in August-September and maxima in February. The resultant climatology is compared with an arbitrary 5-day satellite SST field, and with the COADS/ICE SST climatology. It was found that the higher resolution satellite- based SST climatology resolves boundary current structure and has significantly better structural agreement with the observed field.
Extraction and determination of total saponins from Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

AIM: To review effects of different methods of extracting total saponins from Cornus officinalis so as to provide an effective way to accurately determine total saponins. METHODS: ① Methanol reflux, ② Ether degreasing Methanol reflux, ③ Ultrasonic abstraction, ④ Method of macroreticular absorption resin and ⑤ Ethanol reflux were compared. With Ginsenoside Re and Oleanolic acid as standard, chromatometry was used respectively to determine total saponins of different extraction solution. RESULTS: The content of total saponins determined by methods of ①, ②, ③ and ⑤ was 5.95%, 6.98%; 2.87%, 3.12%; 3.80%, 3.92%; 6.17% and 8.13% respectively, and by method of ④, it was 1.52% and 1.73%. CONCLUSION: Different extracting methods have much influence on determining total saponins in Cornus officinalis.
Genetics of susceptibility to human helminthiasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective of research: to provide the analysis of literature sources describing the influence of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis and the features of its pathogenesis. Results and discussion: all recent scientific works dedicated to the influence of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis and the features of its pathogenesis were considered. The most important determinants of impact of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis are gene polymorphisms TAP for echinococcosis, variants of genetic loci SM1 and SM2 for bilharziasis (schistosomiasis), and gene polymorphisms HLA for all three parasitic diseases described in this article.
Shell Inspection History and Current CMM Inspection Efforts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The following report provides a review of past and current CMM Shell Inspection efforts. Calibration of the Sheffield rotary contour gauge has expired and the primary inspector, Matthew Naranjo, has retired. Efforts within the Inspection team are transitioning from maintaining and training new inspectors on Sheffield to off-the-shelf CMM technology. Although inspection of a shell has many requirements, the scope of the data presented in this report focuses on the inner contour, outer contour, radial wall thickness and mass comparisons.
A Review of Systems Biology Perspective on Genetic Regulatory Networks with Examples

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We present an extensive review of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) from a system biology perspective, and discuss pertinent research issues related to GRNs such as roles of feedback loops, and internal and external noise. A succinct review of mathematical modelling is also given as mathematical modelling is central to understand the complex molecular living systems. We discuss tryptophan production system in Escherichia coli bacteria, as an example, to illustrate how feedback loops originate, and finally we present a development of a mathematical model of circadian rhythms of Drosophila (fruit fly) as a comprehensive illustration of building a system model from components. We attempt to integrate experimentally acquired molecular biology knowledge in the model developments and discussions to emphasise the importance of being true to the data and insights in the experimental molecular biology. The experimental knowledge and insights should drive the efforts in development of mathematical and computational models of living systems, not the other way around, and this is a challenging task. Keywords: Systems biology, genetic regulatory networks, modelling, noise, circadian rhythms
The Impact of Local Traditional Media on Local Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As a grassroots public opinion position and public opinion expression channel, local traditional media has long played an irreplaceable role in the local community. Through the investigation and analysis of the current situation of local traditional media in several regions of China, this paper discusses their role and influence in publicity, public opinion guidance, and community service. The study found that local traditional media played an active role in improving the quality of life of local people, enhancing community cohesion, and maintaining social stability. However, at the same time, it also faces challenges such as single communication channels, lagging information, and lack of professional talents. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for further giving play to the role of local traditional media.
Mass Customisation and Personalisation in Architecture and Construction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The chapter discusses the development of construction management practices over the past 50 years outlining the academic and practical context for the adoption of mass customisation in construction. Theoretically, the chapter builds on two fundamental insights: The Pareto principle and the Thomas theorem - a fundamental sociological principle. The Pareto principle is applied using the concept "the long tail". Based on "the long tail" the three different production paradigms of mass production, mass customisation and individual customisation are identified. It is argued that construction in the 1950s and 1960s was driven by a "mass production" paradigm that gradually from the beginning of the 1970s was replaced by an "individual customisation" paradigm in which construction became a matter of tailoring unique buildings to each customer. It is identified how these two different paradigms have been driven by two partial articulated myths. In the 1960s buildings were viewed as standardised while from the 1980s onwards they have been viewed as unique. Based on the Thomas theorem it is argued that these myths have had a substantial impact on the way we build. Consequently, today's predominant view of buildings - as unique - implies that: 1) the nature of the construction processes is chaotic, 2) the buildings are realised through onsite project work rather than through offsite production; and 3) project management is the fundamental management principle. The chapter further identifies how attempts to develop new construction practices like lean construction implicitly reproduce this myth. The result is that construction research in the past 25 years has been constructing the long tail in a way that hinders radical development of the construction industry. The chapter concludes that if we allow ourselves to view buildings as both unique but also as standardised we can create a new platform for developing the construction industry - a mass customisation paradigm.
Can we compare haemophilia carriers with clotting factor deficiency to male patients with mild haemophilia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Certain haemophilia carriers demonstrate an increased bleeding tendency, mainly related to clotting factor deficiency. No study has so far formally compared the bleeding phenotype of women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency and associated management with that of male patients affected by mild haemophilia A and B. Material and methods We retrospectively evaluated 44 women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency (FVIII or FIX 0.05‐0.5 IU/mL) and 77 male patients with mild haemophilia A or B and compared them with respect to clotting factor level, age at and trigger for diagnosis, as well as treatment modalities. Results After excluding gender‐related haemorrhagic symptoms, haemophilia carriers with plasma factor levels in the mild haemophilia range and male patients affected by mild haemophilia present a comparable haemorrhagic profile, mainly characterized by mucocutaneous and postinjury bleeding. Haemophilia carriers with clotting factor deficiency, however, distinguish themselves in terms of later age at diagnosis, higher mean factor levels and trigger for diagnosis. Conclusions Women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency should be considered as mild haemophilia patients and have access to care and management inspired from male haemophilia patients while integrating differences and specificities. Larger international studies comparing the clinical presentation and treatment modalities of mild clotting FVIII and FIX deficiencies in both haemophilia males and females should be encouraged.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Forty-five patient-derived xenografts capture the clinical and biological heterogeneity of Wilms tumor.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lack of model systems has limited the preclinical discovery and testing of therapies for Wilms tumor (WT) patients who have poor outcomes. Herein, we establish 45 heterotopic WT patient-derived xenografts (WTPDX) in CB17 scid-/- mice that capture the biological heterogeneity of Wilms tumor (WT). Among these 45 total WTPDX, 6 from patients with diffuse anaplastic tumors, 9 from patients who experienced disease relapse, and 13 from patients with bilateral disease are included. Early passage WTPDX show evidence of clonal selection, clonal evolution and enrichment of blastemal gene expression. Favorable histology WTPDX are sensitive, whereas unfavorable histology WTPDX are resistant to conventional chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin-D, and doxorubicin given singly or in combination. This WTPDX library is a unique scientific resource that retains the spectrum of biological heterogeneity present in WT and provides an essential tool to test targeted therapies for WT patient groups with poor outcomes. PMID: 31862972
Analysis of cytotoxic T cell epitopes in relation to cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human immune system is a highly adaptable system, defending our bodies against pathogens and tumor cells. Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) are cells of the adaptive immune system, capable of inducing a programmed cell death and thus able to eliminate infected or tumor cells. CTLs discriminate between healthy and infected cells based on peptide fragments presented on the cells surface. All nucleated cells present these peptide fragments in complex with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules. Peptides that are recognized by CTLs are called epitopes and induce the CTLs to subsequently kill the infected cells. The focus of my PhD project has been on improving a method for CTL epitope pathway prediction, on analyzing the epitope density in the alternative cancer exome, and on a study investigating minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) associated with leukemia. Part I is an introduction to the fields covered in the thesis. Part II describes a pan-specific, integrative approach for the prediction of CTL epitopes. The presented method, NetCTLpan, an improved and extended version of NetCTL, performs predictions for all MHC class I molecules with known protein sequence and allows predictions for 8, 9, 10 and 11-mer epitopes. One of the major benefits of the method is its optimization to achieve high specificity. Its low false positive rate is especially useful in rational reverse immunogenetic epitope discovery approaches. When this method is compared to the NetMHCpan and NetCTL methods, the experimental effort to identify 90% of new epitopes can be reduced by 15% and 40%, respectively. Part III reports the results of an analysis investigating how the alternatively spliced cancer exome differs from the exome of normal tissue in terms of containing predicted MHC class I binding epitopes. We show that peptides unique to cancer splice variants comprise significantly fewer predicted HLA class I epitopes than peptides unique to spliced transcripts in normal tissue. We furthermore find that hydrophilic amino acids are significantly enriched in the unique carcinoma sequences, which contribute to the lower likelihood of carcinoma-specific peptides to be predicted epitopes. Carcinoma is known to have developed mechanisms for evading the host’s immune system. Here, we show for the first time that carcinoma has a bias towards fewer possible epitopes already at the step of mRNA splicing. Part IV of the thesis deals with the analysis of 93 patient-donor pairs that underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). HCT is a standard treatment for a variety of hematological diseases. Graft-versus-host disease is a possible complication after an HCT, where the recipient´s cells are perceived as foreign and the target of an immune response mediated by the donor´s transplanted immune cells. The immune response is provoked by epitopes unique to the patient, so-called mHags. Here, a gene-specific association between the number of SNPs or predicted mHags and the possible clinical outcome following an HCT is presented.
Al 2 O 3 /TiC Based Metal Cutting Tools by Microwave Sintering Followed by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of producing Al 2 O 3 /TiC metal cutting tools by fast microwave sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing was examined. Microwave heating profiles able to ensure near‐full densification of Al 2 O 3 /TiC ceramic components were determined. Simple‐shape specimens could be sintered to a bulk density of 97% theoretical density (TD) while in the case of tool‐shaped ones maximal densification levels attained were somewhat lower, i.e., ∼95% TD. Temperature uniformization—within the heating chamber—by using a particulate SiC susceptor noticeably reduced tool cracking propensity. Densification levels in the range acceptable for commercial tool manufacturing (≥98% TD) were achieved by hot isostatic pressing of the microwave‐sintered parts. The isostatically pressed parts exhibited a Vickers hardness H v ≅ 2000 kg/mm 2 and a fracture toughness K IC ∼ 4.3 MPa·m 1/2 .
El P. Ignacio Mercado (1648-1698) y las plantas medicinales filipinas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present work is the most complete research ever done about the life and work of Fr. Ignacio Mercado (1648-1698) Augustinian friar from the Philippines, that was a pioneer in the study of the medical virtues of several hundred of Filipino plants. After placing him in the socio political, ecclesial and Augustinian context, are presented other authors –some that preceded him, some contemporaries that were also interested in the same topic. Later on, we can see the scientific education of Fr. Mercado and the ideological and practical sources of documentation used by him, and also his missionary work in different parts of the island of Luzon. The centre of the research is a detailed study of the text and the 206 designs done by himself, for his work Declaration of the virtues of the trees and plants that are in this book. Those plants were used as remedies for many different sickneses. He also offers gastronomic, commercial, economic and ethnographic information.At the end can be found and evaluation of the text and the paintings of Fr. Mercado. The text is completed with 72 illustrations in colour.
Healed Plaques in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Healed plaques, signs of previous plaque destabilization, are frequently found in the coronary arteries. Healed plaques can now be diagnosed in living patients. We investigated the prevalence, angiographic, and optical coherence tomography features of healed plaques in patients with stable angina pectoris. Approach and Results: Patients with stable angina pectoris who had undergone optical coherence tomography imaging were included. Healed plaques were defined as plaques with one or more signal-rich layers of different optical density. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on layered or nonlayered phenotype at the culprit lesion. Among 163 patients, 87 (53.4%) had layered culprit plaque. Patients with layered culprit plaque had more multivessel disease (62.1% versus 44.7%, P =0.027) and more angiographically complex culprit lesions (64.4% versus 35.5%, P <0.001). Layered culprit plaques had higher prevalence of lipid plaque (83.9% versus 64.5%, P =0.004), macrophage infiltration (58.6% versus 35.5%, P =0.003), calcifications (78.2% versus 63.2%, P =0.035), and thrombus (28.7% versus 14.5%, P =0.029). Lipid index ( P =0.001) and percent area stenosis ( P =0.015) were greater in the layered group. The number of nonculprit plaques, evaluated using coronary angiograms, tended to be greater in patients with layered culprit plaque (4.2±2.5 versus 3.5±2.1, P =0.053). Nonculprit plaques in patients with layered culprit lesion had higher prevalence of layered pattern ( P =0.002) and lipid phenotype ( P =0.005). Lipid index ( P =0.013) and percent area stenosis ( P =0.002) were also greater in this group. Conclusions: In patients with stable angina pectoris, healed culprit plaques are common and have more features of vulnerability and advanced atherosclerosis both at culprit and nonculprit lesions.
Getting Past the Know-It-All Stage

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. Most of us have heard of this admonition, and it applies directly to engineering education. It turns out that people who know just a little about a subject greatly overestimate their understanding and abilities. "The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people wrongly overestimate their knowledge or ability in a specific area. This tends to occur because a lack of self-awareness prevents them from accurately assessing their own skills" [5].
Image Retrieval using High Order Local Autocorrelation and MFCM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Time span has increased Dynamic Vast development of data like pictures, sound and video on web.Which has prompted established researchers for capacity and recovery of interactive media data all the more naturally?Since one picture can be translated from numerous points of view, catchphrase based seeking frameworks can recover the data to a restricted degree.This constraint has prompted the prerequisite for improvement of Content Based Image Retrieval Systems.Picture Retrieval frameworks which can perceive the articles like the human eyes have been generally prominent.To build a decent savvy vision framework, high measurement highlight vectors of pictures are required for example acknowledgment.In spite of the fact that high measurement include vectors gives mends facilitate with increment in number of pictures in database.In the present original copy creators have proposed a model which enough addresses these imperatives and gives a vigorous and quick recovery component of images.
First detection and genotyping of

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite, can infect humans and a wide variety of animals worldwide. However, information on the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in pet rats and guinea pigs is lacking. In this study, 325 fecal samples were collected from 152 pet fancy rats and 173 pet guinea pigs purchased from pet shops in Henan and Shandong provinces. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was 11.2% (17/152) in pet fancy rats and 20.2% (35/173) in pet guinea pigs. Genotypes D (n = 12), Peru11 (n = 3), S7 (n = 1) and SCC-2 (n = 1) were identified in pet fancy rats, and genotype S7 (n = 30) and a novel genotype PGP (n = 5) were identified in pet guinea pigs. The ITS sequence and its phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel genotype PGP was distinctly different; it exhibited less than 50% similarity to the reference sequences, and did not cluster with any of the known E. bieneusi genotype groups, forming a unique branch between groups 6 and 7. These data suggest that this is a new E. bieneusi genotype group. This is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in pet fancy rats and pet guinea pigs worldwide. The identification of zoonotic genotypes D, Peru11, and S7 suggests that pet fancy rats and guinea pigs can be potential sources of human microsporidiosis.
PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM OF THE BRAIN IN LARGE FETUSES ACCORDING TO THE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DATA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To examine the dynamics of prenatal development of the corpus callosum (CC) of the brain, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 100 large fetuses (with the birth weight of 4000 g or more, the average for the group equal to 4350±250 g) with symmetrical and asymmetrical development according to weight-tolength ratio. The control group consisted of 50 fetuses with an average body weight of 3452±287 g. Measurements of length, thickness and width of CC were performed using multiplanar technique of ultrasound imaging. The deceleration of the rate of growth of CC length was detected in large fetuses after 33rd week as compared to that in control group. In a comparative analysis of CC parameters in large fetuses depending on the symmetry of their development, significantly lower values of its length were found after 27 weeks in fetuses with an asymmetrical growth. CC width in large fetuses with an asymmetrical development was significantly smaller than that in symmetrical development from 21st week of gestation till term.