jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Difluorocarbene with Polyfluorinated Conjugated Dienes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effectiveness of box trainers in laparoscopic training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rationale and Objectives: Various devices are used to aid in the education of laparoscopic skills ranging from simple box trainers to sophisticated virtual reality trainers. Virtual reality system is an advanced and effective training method, however it is yet to be adopted in India due to its cost and the advanced technology required for it. Therefore, box trainers are being used to train laparoscopic skills. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the overall effectiveness of the box-training course. Study Procedure: The study was conducted during six-day laparoscopic skills training workshops held during 2006. Twenty five surgeons; age range of 26 to 45 years, of either sex, who had not performed laparoscopic surgery before; attending the workshop were evaluated. Each participant was given a list of tasks to perform before beginning the box-training course on day one and was evaluated quantitatively by rating the successful completion of each test. Evaluation began when the subject placed the first tool into the cannula and ended with task completion. Two evaluation methods used to score the subject, including a global rating scale and a task-specific checklist. After the subject completed all sessions of the workshop, they were asked to perform the same tasks and were evaluated in the same manner. For each task completed by the subjects, the difference in the scores between the second and first runs were calculated and interpreted as an improvement as a percentage of the initial score. Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxon matched-paired signed-ranks test was applied to find out the statistical significance of the results obtained. Results: The mean percentage improvement in scores for both the tasks, using global rating scale, was 44.5%

+

6.930 (Mean

+

SD). For task 1, using the global rating scale mean percentage improvement was 49.4%

+

7.948 (Mean

+

SD). For task 2, mean percentage improvement using global rating scale was 39.6%

+

10.4 (Mean

+

SD). Using Wilcoxon matched-paired signed-ranks test, 2-tailed P -value< 0.0001 which is extremely significant. Conclusion: This study confirms that a short-term, intensive, focused course does improve laparoscopic skills of trainees. Box-trainers can be used to change the present day didactic training into objective and competency-based. Global rating scale and checklist provide an inexpensive and effective way of objective assessment of performance of laparoscopic skills.
Surface-Contour Based Algorithm for Quantifying Glenohumeral Ligament Length Changes During Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Advanced medical imaging techniques have allowed the understanding of the patterns of relative bone motions at human joints 1 . However, poor imaging contrasts of soft tissues have not allowed the full understanding of various glenohumeral ligaments (GHL) functions during glenohumeral joint (GHJ) manoeuvres. This is presently a significant limitation to research as these structures are said to be responsible for the passive stability of the GHJ 2 . Furthermore, the repairs of GHJ instability often take recourse to these structures 3 . Earlier studies have presented a model that numerically reconstructs or simulates GHJ motions 4 and how the locus of bony attachment points of the GHLs on a dynamic GHJ could be numerically tagged and trailed 5 . The aim of this study was to advance these previous findings by developing an algorithm that allows the quantification of GHL lengths at any instantaneous position of the GHJ. Materials and Method CT scan of a set of humerus and scapula was reconstructed into two individual surface meshes of interconnected nodes, each node having a unique vectorial identification in space. The two attachment nodes ( a and b ) of a GHL were identified on the bones 5 . Least squares geometric sphere was fitted upon the humeral head (HH) and its centre ( c ) and radius (r) quantified 6 . Vectors a , b and c were applied to represent the ‘dominant ligament plane’ concomitant with the 2D ‘dominant plane’ of Runciman (1993) 7 . This plane defined the path through which the ligament wrapped on the HH. The point of initial or end of contact of GHL on the HH was defined as the point on HH where a line from c intercepts the ligament at 90°. Total GHL length was calculated as the sum of its three segments, namely: (1) Proximal segment – a straight line from its glenoid attachment node to the point of initial contact (2) Wrap segment – an arc of (r) radius of curvature from initial to end contact points (3) Distal segment – a straight line from end contact point to the humeral node of attachment. The wrap segment was further refined by adjusting ligament contacts along this path to the actual surface contour of the HH by integrating all the surface nodes along the path. The algorithm was tested for short incremental steps of GHJ abduction, flexion, rotation and translations on the Amadi et al9s kinematics simulation model 4 . Results From plotted graphs of 5 simulated GHL, lengths increased or decreased smoothly as the rotations and translations were increased or decreased at a constant rate, respectively. Some GHJ motion directions resulted in contrasting stretching or folding effects on different ligaments in a mathematically reasonable manner. Conclusion This numerical application would allow the quantification of functional loading of each GHL during simulated or reconstructed GHJ motion and hence provide understanding of how the various GHL may be treated during surgical repairs.
Treatment for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: who, for how long, with what Drug Regimen?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most
frequently identified viral cause of mental retardation and is the
leading non-genetic cause of neurosensory hearing loss in developed
countries, and is the most common congenital infection in human
beings, with approximately 1% of all infants born alive in the United
States being infected with CMV Infants with symptomatic
CMV infection with observations at birth including petechiae,
hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, thrombocytopenia, or jaundice
with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia showed in 70% of cases abnormal
computed tomographic (CT) scans with intracerebral calcification
being the most frequent finding, and again 90% of the children
with an abnormal newborn CT scan developed at least one sequela
[4]. In addition, almost half of the children with CT abnormalities
had an IQ <50 compared with none of those with a normal CT. Of
infected fetuses, approximately 10% are symptomatic at birth, and
90% of symptomatic survivors have significant neurologic sequelae,
including hearing deficits in 30% to 65%
Multi-Index Dynamic Optimization Method for Enterprise Evaluation Based on Correlation Constraints

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most of the current enterprise evaluation methods are based on a comprehensive index system. However, there are significant differences in the evaluation effectiveness of indicators and the difficulty of obtaining index data, which determines that a unified and comprehensive Index system cannot be adopted for different enterprises. Therefore, how to dynamically screen out the index with the least acquisition cost, meet the evaluation needs and not destroy the index relationship from the index system of related fields has become a significant problem. The current research results usually assume that the index is independent of each other and rarely consider the correlation constraints between different indexes. For this reason, this paper proposes a multi-index optimization problem based on correlation constraints (Multi-Index Optimization Based on Relevance Constraints, MIO-RC). MIO-RC is based on the evaluation value of each index, and the cost of index acquisition then selects the index set with the minimum cost that satisfies the expected contribution value. MIO-RC problem defines the correlation constraints between various evaluation indicators and defines a dynamic contribution value function based on enterprise characteristics and correlation indicators. In this paper, the MIO-RC problem is an NP-hard problem, and an IR-GA algorithm based on a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the MIO-RC problem under different constraints. Finally, this paper conducts a verification analysis based on many enterprise data sets. The experimental results show that: in terms of performance, compared with the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm evolution algorithm, the IR-GA algorithm converges faster.
Emotion recognition in autism spectrum condition during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With the widespread use of masks in the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to understand how emotion recognition is affected by partial face covering. Since individuals with autism spectrum condition often tend to look at the lower half of the face, they are likely to be particularly restricted in emotion recognition by people wearing masks, since they are now forced to look at the upper half of the face. This study compared the recognition of basic and complex emotions in individuals with and without autism spectrum condition, when faces were presented uncovered, with face masks, or with sunglasses. We also used eye tracking to examine group differences in gaze patterns during emotion recognition. Individuals with autism spectrum condition were less accurate at recognizing emotions in all three conditions. Averaged across the three stimulus types, individuals with autism spectrum condition had greater difficulty recognizing anger, fear, pride, and embarrassment than control group. There was no group difference in emotion recognition between the three conditions. However, compared to individuals without autism spectrum condition, there was no evidence of either gaze avoidance or preference for the mouth region. Our results suggest that emotion recognition is reduced in individuals with autism spectrum condition, but this is not due to differences in gaze patterns. Lay Abstract In the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing face masks became mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. However, they restrict the ability to recognize emotions to the upper part of the face. Since individuals with autism spectrum condition often tend to look at the lower half of the face, they may be particularly restricted in emotion recognition by people wearing masks, since they are now forced to look at the upper half of the face. The current study compared the recognition of facially expressed emotions between individuals with and without autism spectrum condition. Each photo was shown in three types, once uncovered, once with face mask, and once with sunglasses. Our results revealed a reduction in accuracy of individuals with autism spectrum condition at recognizing emotions in all three stimulus types and exhibited more difficulties distinguishing anger, fear, pride, and embarrassment. During the emotion recognition task, there was no difference in which facial areas the groups looked at. We did not find evidence that the disadvantages of individuals with autism spectrum condition in emotion recognition were due to looking at different areas of the face.
[RETRACTED] ACV Keto Gummies Shark TankExcellent Effective Of Weight Reduction &amp; weight Loss Formula v1

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

[RETRACTED] Many individuals have come to see the value in the advantages of the ketogenic diet, which is particularly significant for the people who have wandered from customary weight reduction strategies, as carbs in our feasts are regularly utilized as energy by our bodies as opposed to being put away fat.
EXTENDED ANALYSIS OF THE INFRARED SPECTRUM OF $D^{3+}$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

1. J. T. Shy, J. W. Farley, W.E. Lamb, JR., and W.H. Wing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 535 (1980). 2. J.K. G. Watson, S.C. Foster, and A.R.W. McKellar, Can. J. Phys. 65, 38 (1987). 3. W.A. Majewski, M.D. Marshall, A.R.W. McKellar, J.W.C. Johns, and J.K.G. Watson, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 122, 341 (1987). 4. W.A. Majewski, A.R.W. McKellar, and J.K.G. Watson, 45th Ohio State University Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, June 1990, Paper RF9.
Party-Like Institutions in "Partyless" Polities: The GVNC in Nepal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| July 01 1976 Party-Like Institutions in "Partyless" Polities: The GVNC in Nepal Lok Raj Baral Lok Raj Baral Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1947) 16 (7): 672–681. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643165 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lok Raj Baral; Party-Like Institutions in "Partyless" Polities: The GVNC in Nepal. Far Eastern Survey 9 April 1947; 16 (7): 672–681. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643165 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1976 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Demonstration of Retinal Glycogen with Silver Methenamine

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

After experimetnal damage to the retina with a variety of procedures Müller cell hypertrophy and migration occurs. According to Kuwabara and others the reactive process in these injuries is evidenced by a marked increase in amount of glycogen in the Müller cells. These cells were considered originally supporting elements with fiber processes extending throughout the retina from inner limiting membrane to external limiting membrane, but are known now to have high lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and the ability to synthesize glycogen. Since the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique was shown to demonstrate glycogen at the electron microscope level, it was selected to react with glycogen in the fine processes of the Müller cell that ramify among the neural elements in various layers of the retina and demarcate these cells cytologically. The Rhesus monkey was chosen as an example of a well vascularized retina and the rabbit as an example of a avascular retina to explore the possibilities of the technique.
Regularizing the MCTDH equations of motion through an optimal choice on-the-fly (i.e., spawning) of unoccupied single-particle functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method is a general algorithm to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, in which the wavefunction is expanded in a direct product of self-adapting time-dependent Single-Particle Functions (SPFs) that are propagated in time according to the Dirac–Frenkel variational principle. In the current version of this approach, the size of the SPF basis is fixed at the outset so that singularities in the working equations resulting from unoccupied functions have to be removed by a regularization procedure. Here, an alternative protocol is presented, in which we gradually increase the number of unoccupied SPFs on-the-fly (i.e., spawning) and optimize their shape by variationally minimizing the error made by the finite size of the basis. An initial estimate for the respective new expansion coefficients is also computed, thus avoiding the need to regularize the equations of motion. The advantages of employing the new algorithm are tested and discussed in some illustrative examples.
Real-time social feedback through skype

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a system that provides a real-time socio-feedback for participants in an on-going discussion through Skype. The system computes the necessary speech cues such as speaking length, speaker turns, speaking percentages, speaking turn duration, etc. Then the system displays the feedback through Skype in approximately real-time. In social interaction, such statistics can assist us in detection of speaking mannerisms and interpretation of human behavior. However the previous studies are usually conducted offline. Therefore this project aims to analyze the speakers and provides customized socio-feedback to the speakers in real-time. This system consists of a headset, Skype and a Graphical User Interface which displays the speaking statistics about the on-going discussion. In the experiments, ten two-person conversations of about 90 seconds were recorded and used for study. Here only preliminary results from the experiments are presented. The potential applications of the system are in coaches, interviews and business meetings.
Is Searle a Property Dualist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It has often been argued that John Searle’s theory of mind, biological naturalism, due to its commitment to mental irreducibility amounts to no more than disguised property dualism. I suggest that a thorough analysis of Searle’s somewhat unusual views on the nature of reduction reveals this irreducibility to be not a metaphysical relation between mental properties and physical but one concerned only with the semantics of the respective terms used to refer to these. As a result, I argue, irreducibility in his sense is insufficient to support a metaphysical conclusion like property dualism. Finally, to reinforce this point I give a concrete example of a potential physicalist view which is compatible with the analysis of irreducibility as semantic but not as metaphysical and hence on my reasoning remains open to Searle.
Trinuclear Cyanido‐Bridged [Cr2Fe] Complexes: To Be or not to Be a Single‐Molecule Magnet, a Matter of Straightness

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Trinuclear systems of formula [{Cr(L N3O2Ph )(CN) 2 } 2 M(H 2 L N3O2R )] (M=Mn II and Fe II , L N3O2R stands for pentadentate ligands) were prepared in order to assess the influence of the bending of the apical M−N≡C linkages on the magnetic anisotropy of the Fe II derivatives and in turn on their Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM) behaviors. The cyanido‐bridged [Cr 2 M] derivatives were obtained by assembling trans ‐dicyanido Cr III complex [Cr(L N3O2Ph )(CN) 2 ] − and divalent pentagonal bipyramid complexes [M II (H 2 L N3O2R )] 2+ with various R substituents (R=NH 2 , cyclohexyl, S , S ‐mandelic) imparting different steric demand to the central moiety of the complexes. A comparative examination of the structural and magnetic properties showed an obvious effect of the deviation from straightness of the M−N≡C alignment on the slow relaxation of the magnetization exhibited by the [Cr 2 Fe] complexes. Theoretical calculations have highlighted important effects of the bending of the apical C−N−Fe linkages on both the magnetic anisotropy of the Fe II center and the exchange interactions with the Cr III units.
Elucidation and decisional risk in a multi‐criteria decision based on a Choquet integral aggregation—a cybernetic framework

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The authors are developing multi‐criteria Decision‐making support systems (DMSS) for project teams in charge of selecting a technical solution among alternatives. They propose a cybernetic framework to emphasize the link between decision‐making (DM) and knowledge management processes in such projects. These DMSSs rely on the tracking of the accompanying knowledge production of long‐term decisional processes by a collective with many actors. Based on knowledge‐production management, this paper explains how to design decisional risk evaluation, monitoring and control aids and traceability functions for strategic choices and logical argumentation. The DMSS is seen as a recommender system for the project manager. Each possible solution involved in the decision‐making process (DMP) is evaluated by means of a set of criteria. The evaluation results from an interpretation of the knowledge items in terms of satisfaction scores of the solutions according to the considered criteria. Aggregating these partial scores provides a ranking of all the possible solutions by order of preference. As criteria are sometimes interacting, the aggregation has to be based on adapted operators, i.e. Choquet integrals. Evaluating possible solutions by the knowledge contained in the knowledge base (KB) opens the way to automating the argumentation of the project team's decisions: the argumentation principle underlying this approach is based naturally on coupling a knowledge dynamical management system (KDMS) with the DMSS. The DMSS also evaluates the decisional risk that reflects the eventuality of a wrong selection due to the insufficiency of available knowledge at a given time in order to adopt a reliable solution. Decisional risk assessment corresponds to sensitivity analyses. These analyses are then exploited to control the decisional risk in time: they enable to identify the crucial information points for which additional and deeper investigations would be of great interest to improve the stability of the selection in the future. The knowledge management of a collective project is represented as a control loop: the KDMS is the actuator, the risk accompanying the decision is the controlled variable and is strongly linked to the entropy of the KB managed by the KDMS. Each of the three phases—intelligence, design, choice—of the DMP is identified to a function of the control loop: actuator, process and regulator. This cybernetic framework for decision has its origin in knowledge management activities for a great‐scale project—the EtLD project of the French Atomic Commission (CEA) that concerns the management of high‐level long‐life radioactive waste in France. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.