jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Presidential Field Offices in Ohio, 2008-2012

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Does a community’s proximity to a presidential field office impact presidential election results? Applying community-level data from the American Community Survey, we examine the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections in the battleground state of Ohio. Using spatial regression, we find that the number of Obama field offices within 10 miles significantly increased his share of the vote in 2012. While proximity to a McCain Victory Center statistically decreased a community’s Obama vote share, this result was not substantive. In 2012, a community’s proximity to a Romney field office did not influence the results. Proximity to an Obama field office also helped to increase voter turnout in both 2008 and 2012. These findings suggest that the Obama voter mobilization strategy was successful, particularly at the margins, and that future candidates should consider adopting a similar strategy. Further research is needed to delineate the differences between quality and quantity of field offices.
Communication pathways from the anti-codon region to the aminoacylation site in Methionyl tRNA Synthetase: Molecular dynamics simulations and the structure network analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The enzymes of the family of tRNA synthetases perform their functions with high precision by synchronously recognizing the anticodon region and the aminoacylation region, which are separated by ?70 in space. This precision in function is brought about by establishing good communication paths between the two regions. We have modeled the structure of the complex consisting of Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS), tRNA, and the activated methionine. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the modeled structure to obtain the equilibrated structure of the complex and the cross-correlations between the residues in MetRS have been evaluated. Furthermore, the network analysis on these simulated structures has been carried out to elucidate the paths of communication between the activation site and the anticodon recognition site. This study has provided the detailed paths of communication, which are consistent with experimental results. Similar studies also have been carried out on the complexes (MetRS + activated methonine) and (MetRS + tRNA) along with ligand-free native enzyme. A comparison of the paths derived from the four simulations clearly has shown that the communication path is strongly correlated and unique to the enzyme complex, which is bound to both the tRNA and the activated methionine. The details of the method of our investigation and the biological implications of the results are presented in this article. The method developed here also could be used to investigate any protein system where the function takes place through long-distance communication.
Webpage Clustering - Automated Classification into Jointly Classified Groups

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A directory service for Webpages is widely used over the Internet. Webpages, however, are not always disjointly partitioned into subcategories, i.e., there are some pages to be belonging to multiple groups. To classify pages, conventional clustering algorithms are not adequately applied. This paper proposes a new algorithm of fuzzy clustering specialized for Webpage directory.
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Secretory Proteins Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p Are Involved in Peroxisome Biogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Two pathways have been identified for peroxisome formation: (i) growth and division and (ii) de novo synthesis. Recent experiments determined that peroxisomes originate at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although many proteins have been implicated in the peroxisome biogenic program, no proteins in the eukaryotic secretory pathway have been identified as having roles in peroxisome formation. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulatable Tet promoter Hughes clone collection, we found that repression of the ER-associated secretory proteins Sec20p and Sec39p resulted in mislocalization of the peroxisomal matrix protein chimera Pot1p-green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the cytosol. Likewise, the peroxisomal membrane protein chimera Pex3p-GFP localized to tubular-vesicular structures in cells suppressed for Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p, which form a complex at the ER. Loss of Sec39p attenuated formation of Pex3p-derived peroxisomal structures following galactose induction of Pex3p-GFP expression from the GAL1 promoter. Expression of Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p was moderately increased in yeast grown under conditions that proliferate peroxisomes, and Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p were found to cofractionate with peroxisomes and colocalize with Pex3p-monomeric red fluorescent protein under these conditions. Our results show that SEC20 , SEC39 , and DSL1 are essential secretory genes involved in the early stages of peroxisome assembly, and this work is the first to identify and characterize an ER-associated secretory machinery involved in peroxisome biogenesis.
From truth to reality to effect

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Korean discourse marker sasilsang, literally ‘in fact’, developed from the Sino-Korean nouns sasil ‘truth, fact’ and sang ‘top’ as a compound. Unlike its original meaning making reference to religious truth, its later meanings are concerned with reference to reality, hidden reality, etc. The hidden reality meaning prompted the word’s development into a discourse marker as a signal to indicate the surprising nature of the information to be presented. Interestingly, hidden reality is often the speaker’s interpretive reality rather than objective reality. The strategic use of the discourse marker engendered such discursive functions as marking common-ground solicitation, pause-filling, hesitance, and politeness, among others. The development of the discourse marker can be characterised as an instance of subjectification and intersubjectification. The oft-cited peripheral asymmetry, however, cannot be confirmed by the development of the discourse marker sasilsang.
Pregnenolone Sulfate Modulates Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission by Enhancing GABAAReceptor Desensitization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We examined the effects of the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PS) on GABA A receptor-mediated synaptic currents and currents elicited by rapid applications of GABA onto nucleated outside-out patches in cultured postnatal rat hippocampal neurons. At 10 μ m , PS significantly depressed peak responses and accelerated the decay of evoked inhibitory synaptic currents. In nucleated outside-out patches, PS depressed peak currents and speeded deactivation after 5 msec applications of a saturating concentration of GABA. PS also increased the rate and degree of macroscopic GABA receptor desensitization during prolonged GABA applications. In a paired GABA application paradigm, PS slowed the rate of recovery from desensitization. In contrast to its prominent effects on currents produced by saturating GABA concentrations, PS had only small effects on peak currents and failed to alter deactivation after brief applications of the weakly desensitizing GABA A receptor agonists taurine and β-alanine. However, when β-alanine was applied for a sufficient duration to promote receptor desensitization, PS augmented macroscopic desensitization and slowed deactivation. These results suggest that PS inhibits GABA-gated chloride currents by enhancing receptor desensitization and stabilizing desensitized states. This contention is supported by kinetic modeling studies in which increases in the rate of entry into doubly liganded desensitized states mimic most effects of PS.
Age-Specific Outcomes of Bioprosthetic vs. Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement: Balancing Reoperation Risk with Anticoagulation Burden

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The choice of prosthesis for aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains challenging. The risk of anticoagulation complications vs. the risk of aortic valve reintervention should be weighed. This study compared the outcomes of bioprosthetic vs. mechanical AVR in patients older and younger than 50. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2019 and involved 292 adult patients who underwent isolated AVR. The patients were divided according to their age (above 50 years or 50 years and younger) and the type of valves used in each age group. The outcomes of bioprosthetic valves (Groups 1a (>50 years) and 1b (≤50 years)) were compared with those of mechanical valves (Groups 2a (>50 years) and 2b (≤50 years)) in each age group. Results: The groups had nearly equal rates of preexisting comorbidities except for Group 1b, in which the rate of hypertension was greater (32.6% vs. 14.7%; p = 0.025). This group also had higher rates of old stroke (8.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.011) and higher creatinine clearance (127.62 (108.82–150.23) vs. 110.02 (84.87–144.49) mL/min; p = 0.026) than Group 1b. Patients in Group 1a were significantly older than Group 2a (64 (58–71) vs. 58 (54–67) years; p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the NYHA class between the groups. The preoperative ejection fraction and other echocardiographic parameters did not differ significantly between the groups. Re-exploration for bleeding was more common in patients older than 50 years who underwent mechanical valve replacement (p = 0.021). There was no difference in other postoperative complications between the groups. The groups had no differences in survival, stroke, or bleeding rates. Aortic valve reintervention was significantly greater in patients ≤ 50 years old with bioprosthetic valves. There were no differences between groups in the changes in left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, or peak aortic valve pressure during the 5-year follow-up. Conclusions: The outcomes of mechanical and bioprosthetic valve replacement were comparable in patients older than 50 years. Using bioprosthetic valves in patients younger than 50 years was associated with a greater rate of valve reintervention, with no beneficial effect on the risk of bleeding or stroke.
Information Systems in the Knowledge Based Economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In business we can deal with critical and urgent decisions every day and the performance of our work depends on their quality. Due to the modern technology and the Internet, the amount of available information has increased considerably. In order to structure this amount of information and to create knowledge from it, executive information systems became a must for each competitive enterprise. The performance of an information system which could generate complete analysis and forecasting in seconds is very important. The most critical component for success of the modern enterprise is its ability to take advantage of all available information - both internal and external. The IT solutions designed to address these challenges have been developed in two different approaches: structured data management (BI - Business Intelligence) and unstructured content management (KM - Knowledge Management). Business intelligence systems are helping answer questions that are mandatory in making good and profitable decisions. Using the knowledge within an organization can increase the competitive advantage on the market, and considering this as an important asset can be used as a production input factor for company's line of business. But, behind an executive information system there is actually a data warehouse.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: Results after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Eighty-one patients who had had colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease of the colon from 1 to 13 years previously were interviewed and examined by a surgeon with whom they had had no previous contact. Sixty-four patients (79 per cent) had a satisfactory result. In 12 patients the operation had failed and an ileostomy had been established, and in a further 5 patients the result was considered unsatisfactory. Despite a high incidence of frequent loose stools and minor anorectal complications, most of the patients were satisfied with the result and would not contemplate the alternative of an ileostomy. No patient had developed rectal cancer. Provided that the rectum is examined regularly for pre-malignant or malignant change, colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis offer a satisfactory alternative to proctocolectomy and ileostomy for many patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The commercially available CPR adjuncts do not consistently show improved outcomes in the literature. There is still a need for research and development into innovative solutions to improve OHCA survival and neurologic recovery. Efforts focused on increasing the speed of CPR initiation and increasing perfusion to the cerebral and coronary vasculature have the potential to advance resuscitative practices.
Scientific Realism and Anti-realism in Quine’s Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay, we try to address a fundamental issue in the philosophy of science, namely the conflict between realism and antirealism in Quine's philosophy. There seems to be an inner tension in his views on the question of the reality of unobservable entities or reference of theoretical terms. In order to refute his seemingly inconsistent position, we first begin with the concept of ontological commitment, which he formulated in contrast to the position of his teacher, Carnap. In the following, by expressing the thesis of "the inscrutability of reference" and "naturalized epistemology", we show that there seems to be a conflict between Quine's views. In the end, even with the acceptance of non-conflict, Quine's defense of realism is still not immune to criticism.
Investigation on radon levels in soil and water associated with Mount Tampomas geothermal activity in Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Objective: To investigate radon emanation in geothermal manifestations around Mount Tampomas, West Java, Indonesia, and assess radon concentrations in soil and water samples. Methods: Radon measurements were conducted using the Durridge Rad7 instrument, supplemented with a soil gas probe for in-situ soil radon measurements at a depth of 80 ​cm. In-situ water radon measurements were performed using the Rad Aqua instrument, while radon measurements for hot water samples were conducted separately. Radon measurements for hot water samples were corrected for decay using a radon decay correction factor. Results: The analysis of radon measurements revealed a wide range of concentrations in soil and water samples. Soil radon concentrations ranged from 15 Bq/m³ to 4,660 Bq/m³, with localized hotspots exhibiting exceptionally high concentrations. Water radon measurements showed elevated levels, ranging from 0.2 Bq/L to 13.4 Bq/L in-situ, particularly in hot springs. In collected water samples, radon concentrations ranged from 1 Bq/L to 6 Bq/L. These combined results highlight significant variability in radon levels across different water sources influenced by geothermal activity. Conclusions: These findings indicate active emanation processes influenced by geological factors and underscore the role of subsurface geology and aquifer characteristics in radon transport mechanisms. The presence of localized radon hotspots suggests the need for comprehensive monitoring and proactive management strategies to mitigate environmental and public health risks associated with radon exposure.
Comprehensive Evaluation of a Landscape Fabric Based Solar Air Heater in a Pig Nursery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Supplementing fossil fuels with solar air tempering for brooding young livestock could reduce energy use and improve indoor air quality. Metal transpired solar collectors (TSC) are effective but too expensive for heating livestock buildings. An inexpensive 12.7 m2 dark grey landscape-fabric-based transpired solar collector (fTSC) was evaluated in a swine nursery with two herds of pigs. A fraction of the fTSC area was underlain with phase change material (PCM) to store excess heat. The Test room with the fTSC was compared with an adjacent identical Control room, each with 120 piglets. The fTSC provided supplemental heating, e.g., with a suction velocity (Vs) of 0.027 m/s during a 9 h period, air temperature was increased by 11.6 °C (mean irradiance of 592 W/m2). Between 4 pm and 9 pm that same day, the PCM increased air temperature by 3.9 °C. The fTSC did not reduce propane use or improve pig performance. Higher Vs, operational changes and controller modifications could improve system performance and reduce cost. Modeling could be used to optimize PCM use. Hence, this very low-cost fabric-based solar air heater offers potential for considerable reduction in heat energy use in livestock barns.
Migrating Third Molar: A Report of a Case

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Pathologic migration is an abnormal change in the position of a tooth within the dental arch. There are many etiologic factors associated with this phenomenon, but the exact cause is often difficult to diagnose. The following is a report of a 42-year-old man exhibiting a unique form of bilateral migration of his mandibular third molars. He was asymptomatic and unaware of this occurrence. The morbidity to remove these teeth was deemed too great to justify extraction. Biopsy of the overlying tissue associated with a left-impacted third molar revealed no significant pathologic process other than inflammation and some hyperplasia within the dental follicle. Histologic-radiographic correlation was inconclusive in determining whether epithelium from pericoronal soft tissue involving the right third molar was from a hyperplastic dental follicle or a small dentigerous cyst. It is speculated that the ultimate cause of the migration of the third molars was severe, aggressive periodontal disease of the adjacent molars.
factORs Related tO falls aMOng eldeRly wOMen Resident in a cOMMunity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AbstrACt O bjective . To determine the factors related to falls of a group of independent and autonomous elderly women. M ethOds . This was a descriptive study of 83 elderly women enrolled on the Elderly Health Promotion Project at the Universidade Catolica de Brasilia . They replied to questionnaires on their age, sociode-mographic factors, dizziness, use of continuous medication, self-perception of health and vision and underwent the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, Functional Reach Test and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment. R esults . No statistical relationship was identified between age, social demographic factors, dizziness, or negative self-perception of health and vision and fall phenomena. However there was a significant statistical relationship with the Functional Reach Test and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment. c OnclusiOn . Elderly women’s ability to balance was the major factor related to fall events. Functional Reach Test and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment were considered effective for predic-ting risk of falling, indicating that they could be used for assessment and identification of improved balance after training. K
Deep Neural Network 3D Reconstruction Using One-Shot Color Mapping of Reflectance Direction Fields

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many manufacturing processes, real-time inspection of microscale three-dimensional (3D) surfaces is crucial. Therefore, a method integrating deep neural networks (DNNs) has been proposed for obtaining a microscale 3D surface from a single image, or two images, captured by an imaging system referred to as the one-shot BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) system, equipped with a multicolor filter [1-4]. This system can acquire reflectance direction fields using one-shot color mapping that assigns light directions to specific colors. Assuming a smooth and continuous surface, the 3D shape can be reconstructed from either a single image or two images captured by the one-shot BRDF system.
The Unfortunate Case of Triple Primary Malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We herein report a rare case of triple primary malignancies in a single patient. A 51-year-old Burmese lady without a family history of malignancies or known genetic predisposition developed three primary malignancies involving breast, colon and uterus within two years. She was first diagnosed with left metaplastic breast cancer (pT2N0M0) in 2018 and underwent a mastectomy and axillary clearance. She then presented to us with intestinal obstruction and per vaginal bleeding. A CECT abdomen and pelvis was performed and proceeded with emergency right hemicolectomy for obstructed hepatic flexure tumour. The histopathology of the right hemicolectomy specimen revealed mixed neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN). Endometrial pipelle sampling showed endometroid carcinoma. A multidisciplinary team approach is crucial in managing patients with multiple primary malignancies in order to achieve the best onchological outcomes.
Geophysical Investigation at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Results of a geophysical investigation at the incinerator site of Philadelphia Naval Shipyard are presented. Following the end of World War II, 50 to 60 pallets of gas cylinders were reportedly buried to the west of the old incinerator at Girard Point. The contents of the cylinders are unknown. Extensive filling operations occurred at Girard Point from 1940 to 1970, resulting in shallow groundwater surface in the area, 2 to 10 ft deep, which would indicate that the cylinders are probably in direct contact with the water surface. The geophysical investigation presented in this report was designed to help alleviate uncertainties produced from previous studies in the area. The geophysical program included electromagnetic induction and magnetic survey methods. The results of the various surveys were integrated, and numerous anomalous areas were interpreted. Anomalies warranting further investigation were presented along with a priority ranking.