jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Introns increase transcriptional efficiency in transgenic mice.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Experiments were designed to test the effect of introns on gene expression in transgenic mice. Four different pairs of gene constructs, which were identical except that one member of each pair lacked all introns, were compared for expression of mRNA after introduction into the murine germ line by microinjection of fertilized eggs. The expression of two chimeric genes, made by fusing either the mouse metallothionein I or the rat elastase 1 promoter/enhancer to the rat growth hormone gene, was assayed in fetal liver or pancreas, respectively, while two natural genes, an oligonucleotide-marked mouse metallothionein I gene and the human beta-globin gene, were assayed in fetal liver. In each case there was, on average, 10- to 100-fold more mRNA produced from the intron-containing construct. Moreover, mRNA levels were proportional to the relative rates of transcription that were measured in isolated nuclei. However, when the expression of the two mouse metallothionein I gene-based constructs was tested after transfection into cultured cells, little difference was observed. These observations suggest that introns play a role in facilitating transcription of microinjected genes and that this effect may be manifest only on genes exposed to developmental influences. PMID: 3422466 Funding information This work was supported by: NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HD-19018 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HD-09172
Financing Has Arrived and “You're Married”…Now What?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A well-prepared entrepreneur has a board in place even before the venture capital financing. This board includes the technical founder, the chief executive officer, a director with strong industry experience in the company's major domain, and perhaps an attorney. For an early-stage company, a board of five is about right. Typically two are from management, two represent the venture capitalists, and there's one independent, industry-expert director. An effective board must receive accurate and timely information in a reporting format that provides the necessary tools to properly direct the business. Management should be certain that the board receives this information several weeks prior to the scheduled board meeting. It is often helpful at board meetings, which may occur from every six weeks to perhaps four times a year, to conduct both a high-level review of the entire business as well as a deep dive into one or two specific areas at least once a year.
Clinical Factors Related to the Response of IV Ferric Carboxymaltose Treatment in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Significant benefit of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been demonstrated. However, clinical indicators to expect treatment response of RLS are not clarified. The aim of this study is to find out determinant factors to predict treatment outcome of FCM. Methods We enrolled consecutive 108 patients with RLS who visited sleep clinic and received FCM from April 2016 to November 2017. Obtained data were detailed history including international restless legs scale (IRLS) and questionnaires, comorbid diseases, medication. Complete blood cell count, serum iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity were sampled before and after treatment. Treatment response was assessed about four weeks after FCM administration. Patients with more than 40% decrease on IRLS were classified into the responders. Results 99 patients (mean 54.5 y and 79 females) were included. 58 patients (58.6%) were classified to be responders. There were substantial differences in post-treatment IRLS and symptom reduction rate between responders (7.4±6.4, 77.5±18.6%) and non-responders (29.7±8.7, 7.4±10.3%). No significant differences were found in demographics, baseline IRLS, sleep, and mood status between two groups. Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation was significantly lower in responders (37.6 ng/mL, 25.0%) than non-responders (55.1 ng/mL, p=0.014 and 36.5%, p=0.001). Patients with a history of gastrectomy (n=8) showed an excellent response to FCM (83.8% of symptom reduction). Comorbid lumbosacral radiculopathy had lower response rate (29.4%). Conclusions Peripheral iron compromised state and gastrectomy history may indicate good response to intravenous FCM in patients with RLS. Patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy tend to be poor responders to intravenous FCM. Keywords: RLS, Ferric carboxymaltose, Intravenous, Ferritin, Comorbid conditions.
Another Range Extension for Quercus dunni in Central California

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quercus dunnii Kell.(Q.palmeri Engelm.) is a xerophytic shrub with stiff, divaricate branches and small, hard, spinose-dentate leaves.Typically, it occurs in desert-border chaparral or pinyon-juniper woodland in Arizona, southern California, and northern Baja California.Usually it constitutes only a minor element in the vegetation, occurring in small groups or as isolated, scattered individuals.Its small, widely disjunct populations form an extremely "spotty" distribution pattern.The range of Q. dunnii in Arizona is presented elsewhere (Tucker and Haskell 1960).Its known range in Baja California extends just south of the Sierra San Pedro Martir (R. Moran, pers.comm.: west of Agua Amarga, 1100 m, near 30°28'N, 115°17 ' W, Moran 11416).In southern California its principal occurrence is along the western borders of the Colorado and Mohave deserts in San Diego , Riverside, San Bernardino, and Los Angeles counties .We know of no occurrence in any of the mountains of the eastern Mohave in California, although the species reoccurs in the Hualapai Mountains in western Arizona.Also, a Late Pleistocene record has been reported (Leskinen 1975) from the Newberry Mountains in extreme southern Nevada.A considerable range extension to the northwest was established during the U .S. Forest Service's extensive Vegetation Type Map Survey of the 1930's when another population was discovered several km west of Paso Robles (on Peachy Canyon Rd.), in San Luis Obispo County.Then, in 1974, J. R. Griffin discovered a tiny population of a few shrubs in southeastern San Benito County (Griffin and Tucker 1976), another range extension of 82 km.These cases illustrate dramatically how small isolated colonies of a chaparral species may escape detection for years ; and the present paper records the discovery of still another northward range extension of this sort, of ca.180 km.This most recent find was made by Glen L. Holstein (Nature Conservancy), Neil Havlik (East Bay Regional Parks) , and Ms. Heather Stout (California Department of Water Resources) in April 1981 , as members of a larger group engaged in an ecological survey of a proposed dam site southwest of Byron in the Diablo Range, Contra Costa County.This location (Fig. I) is on the Antonio Souza Ranch-extended section NW¼ Sec.31, R3E, TIS, Mt.Diablo Meridian.
Acceptance Sampling Plan of Accelerated Life Testing for Exponential Distribution under Time-Censoring

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper develops the design of accelerated life testing sampling plans (ALSPs) for exponential distribution under time-censoring. With the consideration of both producer and consumer risks, according to the case of whether AF is known or not, two accelerated LSPs are designed respectively. When AF is known, the life testing is assumed to be conducted at an accelerated condition under time-censoring, the producer and consumer risks are satisfied, the size of testing sample and acceptance number are optimized. Then, sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the influence which the uncertainty in the assumed AF brings on the actual producer and consumer risks. When AF is unknown, two levels of accelerated stress are used, and the sample sizes, sample proportion allocated to each stress level are optimized. The acceptability constant which satisfies the producer and consumer risks is obtained by minimizing the generalized asymptotic variance of the test statistics. Finally, the properties of the two ALSPs are investigated respectively.
Tc-99m MAA Mapping Prior to Y-90 Liver Radioembolization; Factors that may affect Pulmonary Shunt Fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate differences in shunt fraction and possible factors contributing to these differences in patients undergoing Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) mapping prior to selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Y-90 microspheres. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on data from 130 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver metastases, who underwent Y-90 radioembolization over a 6-year period. All patients who received treatment had undergone Tc-99m MAA mapping. Overall 141 Tc-99m MAA injections and 199 Y-90 treatments were performed. Three patients did not qualify for Y-90 treatment following Tc-99m MAA mapping due to high pulmonary shunt fraction. We compared pulmonary shunt fraction between patients with HCC and those with metastatic liver disease and between patients who had mapping of the entire liver, versus selective mapping of the affected segment. Three types of statistical analysis tests were performed: Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Mann- Whitney (MW) and Fligner-Killeen (FK) tests. Results: Although HCC and non-HCC groups had similar distribution of shunt fractions qualitatively, relatively large shunt fractions were slightly more common in HCC group. In diffuse injections, most of the shunt fractions were concentrated between 0 and 5%, but with a long tail to the right. In more selective injections, most were concentrated between 0 and 10%. There was a trend for overall higher median shunt fraction in the diffuse mapping group compared with the selective mapping group, however this was only statistically significant in the HCC patients subset (median shunt of 3.2% in diffuse vs. 6.1% in selective group; p=0.001). Conclusions: Shunt fraction is overall higher in HCC, likely due to underlying cirrhosis as well as intratumoral arteriovenous shunting. Shunt fraction also tends to be higher when the affected liver is selectively injected compared with when the entire liver is being mapped.
#Psychology: a bibliometric analysis of psychological literature in the online media

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Online media and especially social media are becoming more and more relevant to our everyday life. Reflecting this tendency in the scientific community, alternative metrics for measuring scholarly impact on the web are increasingly proposed, extending (or even replacing) traditional metrics (e.g., citations, journal impact factor, etc.). This paper explores the relationship between traditional metrics and alternative metrics for psychological research in the years from 2010 to 2012. Traditional publication metrics (e.g., number of citations, impact factor) and alternative metrics (collected from Altmetric, a website that collects and counts references as they appear in Wikipedia, public policy documents, research blogs, mainstream media, or social networks) were extracted and compared, using a dataset of over 245, 000 publications from the Web of Science. Results show positive, small to medium, correlations on the level of individual publications, and frequently medium to high correlations on the level of research fields of Psychology. The more accumulated the level of analysis, the higher the correlations. These findings are fairly robust over time and comparable to findings from research areas other than Psychology. Additionally, a new metric, the Score Factor, is proposed as a useful alternative metric to assess a journal’s impact in the online media.
Enteric nervous system development: migration, differentiation, and disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) provides the intrinsic innervation of the bowel and is the most neurochemically diverse branch of the peripheral nervous system, consisting of two layers of ganglia and fibers encircling the gastrointestinal tract. The ENS is vital for life and is capable of autonomous regulation of motility and secretion. Developmental studies in model organisms and genetic studies of the most common congenital disease of the ENS, Hirschsprung disease, have provided a detailed understanding of ENS development. The ENS originates in the neural crest, mostly from the vagal levels of the neuraxis, which invades, proliferates, and migrates within the intestinal wall until the entire bowel is colonized with enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs). After initial migration, the ENS develops further by responding to guidance factors and morphogens that pattern the bowel concentrically, differentiating into glia and neuronal subtypes and wiring together to form a functional nervous system. Molecules controlling this process, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor RET, endothelin (ET)-3 and its receptor endothelin receptor type B, and transcription factors such as SOX10 and PHOX2B, are required for ENS development in humans. Important areas of active investigation include mechanisms that guide ENCDC migration, the role and signals downstream of endothelin receptor type B, and control of differentiation, neurochemical coding, and axonal targeting. Recent work also focuses on disease treatment by exploring the natural role of ENS stem cells and investigating potential therapeutic uses. Disease prevention may also be possible by modifying the fetal microenvironment to reduce the penetrance of Hirschsprung disease-causing mutations.
Identification of Predictors of Metastatic Potential in Paragangliomas to Develop a Prognostic Score (PSPGL)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare tumors in adrenal and extra-adrenal locations. Metastasis are found in approximately 5% to 35% of PGLs, and there are no reliable predictors of metastatic disease. Objective This work aimed to develop a prognostic score of metastatic potential in PGLs. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of clinical data from a cohort with PGLs and tumor histological assessment. Patients were divided into metastatic PGL (presence of metastasis) and nonmetastatic PGL (absence of metastasis ≥96 months of follow-up) groups. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed to identify predictors of metastatic potential. A prognostic score was developed based on coefficients of multivariable analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to estimate disease-specific survival (DSS). Results Out of 263 patients, 35 patients had metastatic PGL and 110 patients had nonmetastatic PGL. In multivariable analysis, 4 features were independently related to metastatic disease and composed the Prognostic Score of Paragangliomas (PSPGL): presence of central or confluent necrosis (33 points), more than 3 mitosis/10 high-power field (HPF) (28 points), extension into adipose tissue (20 points), and extra-adrenal location (19 points). A PSPGL of 24 or greater showed similar sensitivity with higher specificity than the Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) and Grading System for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP). PSPGL less than or equal to 20 was associated with a risk of metastasis of approximately 10%, whereas a PSPGL of 40 or greater was associated with approximately 80%. The presence of metastasis and Ki-67 of 3% or greater were related to lower DSS. Conclusion The PSPGL, composed of 4 easy-to-assess parameters, demonstrated good performance in predicting metastatic potential and good ability in estimating metastasis risk.
Serpin-based SKI-1/S1P inhibitors against Old and New World arenaviruses

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The importance of arenavirus glycoprotein processing has only been understood within the past decade, with the majority of work focused on the Old World arenaviruses. Evidence has shown that SKI-1/S1P (subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site 1 protease) is the cellular protease responsible for glycoprotein cleavage in Old and New World arenaviruses. Furthermore, glycoprotein cleavage is shown to be necessary for the production of infectious virus particles in Lassa and Junín viruses. In this thesis, evidence is provided that the recently emerged Chapare virus (New World) is also processed by SKI-1/S1P. Additionally, novel serpin-based SKI-1 inhibitors were shown to effectively prevent SKI-1 mediated cleavage. Using a wide panel of recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses expressing New World arenavirus glycoproteins, these inhibitors were capable of significantly reducing viral titres. This provides strong evidence that SKI-1 inhibitors can be used as an effective treatment against the majority of New World Clade B arenaviruses and LASV in vivo.
Triisobutylaluminum-assisted reductive rearrangement of alkyl 1-alkenyl acetals: an easy synthesis of .beta.-alkoxy alcohols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriisobutylaluminum-assisted reductive rearrangement of alkyl 1-alkenyl acetals: an easy synthesis of .beta.-alkoxy alcoholsR. Menicagli, C. Malanga, M. Dell'Innocenti, and L. LardicciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 26, 5700–5704Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00235a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00235a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1294Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A multi‐stimuli‐responsive fluorescence material based on 1,8‐naphthalimide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A pair of 1,8‐naphthalimides (NPIs) were designed and successfully synthesized through embellishing amino‐containing NPI with 4‐diethylaminosalicyladehyde and 4‐diethylaminobenzaldehyde, respectively. Their structures were fully confirmed by 1 H/ 13 C NMR, HR‐MS and FT‐IR spectroscopic studies. Their photophysical properties were systematically investigated in different solvents of varied polarity, in THF/water mixtures with varying water fractions ( f w ), and in THF solvent with varying concentrations of NPIs. It inferred that the distinct differences in emission between two NPIs during self‐assembled process could be ascribed that the hydroxyl‐containing NPI allowed the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer process between ‐OH and CH=N units in the aggregation state. Interestingly, the solid of 4‐diethylaminosalicyladehyde‐functionalized NPI exhibited multi‐stimuli‐responsive fluorescence changes involving mechanofluorochromism and HCl/NH 3 vapor stimulus‐induced conversion. However, no remarkable change was observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra for the solid of 4‐diethylaminobenzaldehyde‐functionalized NPI under the stimuli of mechanical force and organic solvent.
Conflicts in the Organizations in Macedonia: Case Based Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Conflicts in organizations in contemporary times are something common. But the way of approaching and managing the conflicts is a challenge itself. This paper tries to address the issue of conflict management but taking into account the views of employees of different hierarchical level, as a party directly addressed in this matter. In the research done, in total 208 employees in Macedonia were surveyed from different sectors and different levels. The results obtained point out that conflicts in the organizations in Macedonia have impact on organizations performance
The information technology role in supplier-customer information-sharing in the supply chain management of South African small and medium-sized enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background: The study background looked at the advent of supply chain management in the last generation which ushered in technology that drives information-sharing within, and across enterprises. The information flow facilitates synchronisation of business activities, such as relationship-building, supply chain management among others.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how information technology (IT) application in the South African small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) enhanced supplier-customer information sharing.Setting: Interviews were conducted with SMEs samples that comprised mixed owner-managers from food, and general trading SMEs in Gauteng Province of South Africa.Methods: A qualitative research methodology was used, and a non-probability sampling process was pursued.Results: The results indicated that IT application in the South African SMEs enhanced supplier-customer information-sharing, as it improved interaction through supply chain collaboration and integration.Conclusion: The conclusion of the study highlighted that IT application in enterprises as obtained from South African SMEs enhanced supplier-customer information-sharing.
Improving productivity and worker conditions in assembly - Part 2: rapid deployment of learnable robot skills

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Collaborative robots (cobots) have a strong potential to improve both productivity as well as the working conditions of assembly operators by assisting in their tasks and by decreasing their physical and cognitive stress. The use of cobots in factories however introduces multiple challenges: how should the overall assembly architecture look like? How to allocate specific (sub)tasks to the operator or the cobot? How to program and deploy the cobot? How to make changes to the robot program? In this paper dilogy, we briefly highlight our recent contributions to this field. In part I we presented our collaborative architecture for human-robot assembly tasks and discussed the working principles of our task allocation framework, based upon agent capabilities and ergonomic measurements. In this second part we focus on our programming by demonstration approach targeted at expediting the deployment of learnable robot skills.