jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Space, Patronage, Procedure: The Court at Oxford, 1642-46

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article considers King Charles I's wartime court at Oxford (1642–46). For all the influential and in‐depth work undertaken on Charles' court during the 1620s and 1630s, there has been little attempt to chart the history or structure of the court after 1642. The court was much smaller, and more physically confined, after it moved from Whitehall to Oxford. This essay contributes a brief description of this institution, relying primarily on neglected manuscript evidence to consider the physical changes undergone during the years 1642–46. Charles was a King for whom physical location was extremely important, and the arrangement of his court is an invaluable index of his theories of government and authority. The article particularly examines the shift in power structure, a movement away from the Privy Council mode based upon the King's household towards a version of government predicated upon the structures of the Council of Oxford and the Council of War. This reconfiguration of the paradigms of governance was in part consequent upon the change in physical circumstances: the movement and restructuring of the court forced a concomitant shift in power structures.
Preventive guides by individual vital cycle in Colombia.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The preventive guides are condensations of the different interventions in health promotion and disease prevention that are made to take part of the population’s interventions. They contain council strategies, screening and specific measures of protection. It is mentioned the characteristics of screening test. It presents the preventive guides by each individual vital cycle as far as council measures, specific protection and screening. Thus, a concrete guide offers itself on the interventions to carry out preventive consultations with the patients in Colombia.
Neutral Hydrogen Associated with W 44

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The optical depth of the 21-cm absorption line at radial velocities of 40 to 46 km s–1 has been found much larger in the northeastern part of the supernova remnant W 44 than in the other parts, which implies the existence of a dense H I gas cloud there. The location and velocity are similar to those of the OH and H2CO molecular clouds which are believed to be associated with the supernova remnant. The H I cloud seems considerably larger.
Characterization and Assessment of Spectral Solar Irradiance in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar radiation data requirement persists throughout a photovoltaic (PV) application, from system sizing to evaluating performance of existing PV systems. This paper compares the solar intensity measured by direct sensors with that calculated using the measured spectral data. Also, the changes in the spectral characteristics of the sun’s radiation during a typical day and from month to month are analyzed.
Uncertainty in climate–carbon-cycle projections associated with the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbon-cycle feedbacks have been shown to be very important in predicting climate change over the next century, with a potentially large positive feedback coming from the release of carbon from soils as global temperatures increase. The magnitude of this feedback and whether or not it drives the terrestrial carbon cycle to become a net source of carbon dioxide during the next century depends particularly on the response of soil respiration to temperature. Observed global atmospheric CO2 concentration, and its response to naturally occurring climate anomalies, is used to constrain the behaviour of soil respiration in our coupled climate—carbon-cycle GCM. This constraint is used to quantify some of the uncertainties in predictions of future CO2 levels. The uncertainty is large, emphasizing the importance of carbon-cycle research with respect to future climate change predictions.
The everyday local state? Opening up and closing down informality in local governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Seeking to understand local governance under austerity localism raises questions about changing state-civil society relations. Polarised debates have resulted in different disciplines that can be bridged by considering the practice. We use the case of Cardiff, Wales, to consider how the practice is reshaping local governance, focusing on community service delivery and the role of the Council and of third sector organisations in creating new ways of coping, doing and working together and apart. Drawing from understandings of informality as a top-down as well as bottom-up process, we argue that both sides of (local) state-society relations got better at opening up informality and navigating its contradictions as austerity localism rolled out, underlining the mutually constitutive nature of the ‘everyday local state’. But over time we find that the ongoing strictures of funding cuts have closed down informality, constraining the creativity engendered, as the local state centralises in response.
The influence of impactful dreams on self-perceptual depth and spiritual transformation.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two studies contrasted the short-term effects of nightmares, existential dreams, and transcendent dreams (Busink & Kuiken, 1996; Kuiken & Sikora, 1993). Results from Study 1 indicated that existential dreams were more likely than mundane dreams, transcendent dreams, or nightmares to be followed by reported self-perceptual depth; also, transcendent dreams were more likely than mundane dreams, existential dreams, or nightmares to be followed by reported spiritual transformation. Results from Study 2 replicated these findings for existential dreams, indicating also that the type of spiritual transformation associated with transcendent dreams involved an ecstatic sense of release from everyday entanglements. Both existential dreams and transcendent dreams moved the dreamer toward an unbounded sense of life in all things, as did lucid forms of all three dream types. Such unbounded enlivenment suggests an aesthetic substrate to the changes induced by each of these dream types. The contrasting short-term effects of impactful dream types may require integration into a comprehensive model of long-term dream function.
Follow-back Recommendations for Sports Bettors: A Twitter-based Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Social network based recommender systems are powered by a complex web of social discussions and user connections. Short text microblogs e.g. Twitter present powerful frameworks for information consumption, due to their real-time nature in content throughput as well as user connections. Therefore, users on such platforms consume the disseminated content to a greater or lesser extent based on their interests. Quantifying this degree of interest is a difficult task based on the amount of information that such platforms generate at any given time. Thus, the generation of personalized profiles based on the Degree of Interest (DoI) that users have towards certain topics in such short texts presents a research problem. We address this challenge by following a two-step process in generation of personalized sports betting related user profiles in tweets as a case study. We (i) compute the Degree of Interest in Sports Betting (DoiSB) of tweeters and (ii) affirm this DoiSB by correlating it with their friendship network. This is an integral process in the design of a short text based recommender systems for users to follow i.e follow-back recommendations as well as content-based recommendations relying on the interests of users on such platforms. In this paper, we described the DoiSB computation and follow-back recommendation process by building a vector representation model for tweets. We then use this model to profile users interested in sports betting. Experiments using real Twitter dataset geolocated to Kenya shows the effectiveness of our approach in the identification of tweeter's DoiSBs as well as their correlation with their friendship network.
Establishment and characterization of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat erythroleukemia cell lines.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To investigate molecular mechanisms and biological behaviors of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat erythroleukemia, we established 8 new culture cell lines from 7 primary erythroleukemias. We designated them KYD-10, 12, 17, 32, 38, 44A, 44B, and 49. Representative clones isolated from each cell line in early passage were analyzed cytogenetically and genetically. All cell lines except KYD-12 possessed the specific N-ras mutation at the 2nd base of codon 61. Four of them showed #2 trisomy (KYD-10, 32, 38, 44B), and the rest normal diploid karyotype (2n). KYD-32 cells showed Robertson type II #2 trisomy which had never been clonally isolated in vitro although it was reported in some DMBA leukemias in vivo. We further studied the genomic imbalance related to the N-ras allele using mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA) method. Deletion of normal N-ras allele was found in 5 of 8 cell lines. KYD-32 and 38 retained the normal N-ras allele. The specific N-ras mutation and allelic loss of wild type N-ras were correlated with advanced cell proliferation in culture probably independent of #2 trisomy.
IgG4-Related Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor Complicated by Actinomycosis during Steroid Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For a 67-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, a 9-cm liver mass was found on CT during the diagnostic work-up for weight loss and fever. Dynamic CT and MRI showed a layered pattern of contrast enhancement suggesting the imaging features of the solid inflammatory mass. After tissue diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease by gun needle biopsy, steroid therapy induced partial shrinkage of the mass on the follow-up CT at 4 weeks. On the 5-month follow-up CT with the maintenance of low-dose oral steroid medication, disease progression with invasion to diaphragm brought surgical intervention of right hemihepatectomy considering the possibility of combined malignancy. In the area of diaphragmatic destruction, focal actinomycosis was complicated in the main mass of IgG4-related disease. We are the first to describe a rare case of IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor, complicated by actinomycosis, showing an invasive nature that mimicked malignancy during steroid therapy in a diabetic patient.
The Knitted Structure And Its Interaction With Tissue And Blood

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The knitted vascular prosthesis has its roots in the development work of the early 1950s, culminating in the present-day polyester yarn prosthesis design. Derivatives of the basic forms have been made available by manufacturers over the years with little or no fundamental change to the structural form of the knitted vascular prosthesis. Guidoin et al. (1980) review the overall performance of these types of prostheses.KeywordsVascular ProsthesisIndividual FilamentChemical ShrinkageWater PorosityBioengineering UnitThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Jasa Laundry Sepatu Pada Queen Shoes Cleaning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shoes are one of the complementary tools to support one's appearance, over time shoes become a very important aspect to pay attention to, the development of the times makes the shoe industry compete in innovation in terms of design or color. With the technology that has developed at this time, it can be used in all aspects of the industry, one of which is in the business or business sector at the Queen Shoes Cleaning store. The process used at this time is still carried out by recording services, making reports, and also storing transaction evidence manually so that the documents are messy. In the future, there is a very big risk of losing the documents in the store. For this reason, the author makes the idea of building a website-based information system in which you can order services, print reports, make receipts, and see shoe washing prices. There are 3 users in this system, namely regular visitors, registered visitors, and admins. For ordinary employees can only see the price list, about the store, the type of service. Then members can make transactions, print transaction receipts, and admins can process incoming transactions, print incoming reports, view user data, and view admin data. The method used in conducting this research is descriptive method, combining data collection methods and system development methods. With this website-based shoe washing service information system, it can help and simplify the shoe washing service process.
Resistance of dielectric polymer films with fillers in metal-polymer-metal systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of physical factors on the resistance of thin films of nonconjugated polymers was studied. The resistance of polymer films with the metal type of conductivity decreases with an increase in the amount of interchain hydrogen bonds and of metal nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, and also in the presence of a plasticizing additive. Introduction of paramagnetic admixtures and formation of interchain covalent cross-links, on the contrary, increase the resistance of polymer films.
Cultural Adaption of a Sobriety Support App for Alaska Native and American Indian People: A Qualitative Study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Despite high rates of alcohol abstinence, Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people experience a disproportionate burden of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Lack of culturally relevant resources, combined with limited treatment access and privacy concerns regarding peer-support programs in rural areas, poses particular treatment barriers for ANAI people.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: This study was the first phase of a feasibility study of a culturally tailored version of an off-the-shelf smartphone app to aid ANAI people in managing or reducing their use of alcohol. Its goal was to gather insights and preferences from ANAI people and ANAI-serving healthcare providers to guide feature development and cultural adaptation.

METHODS

In October 2018 – September 2019, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 ANAI patients and 8 providers in a Tribal healthcare organization in southcentral Alaska.

RESULTS

Participants generally endorsed the usefulness of a smartphone app for alcohol self-management, citing anonymity, 24/7 access, peer support, and patient choice as key attributes. Desired cultural adaptations included ANAI and land-themed design elements, cultural content (e.g., stories from Elders), and spiritual resources.

CONCLUSIONS

ANAI patients and their providers were receptive to the idea of a culturally adapted smartphone app for sobriety support. They considered an app especially useful for rural-dwelling ANAI people, as well as those who lack timely access to treatment services or prefer to work toward managing their alcohol use outside the clinical setting. These results are guiding the next phase of the study.
Sensitization of LAMS on the' chemotherapy for human gastric cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study the sensitization effect of laminarin sulphate(LAMS) on the chemotherapy for gastric cancer cells. Methods:RT-PCR and Immunohistochemical stainings were used to determine the change of Bcl-2 protein treated with LAMS.MTT assay was used to examine the ID50 and the effective time of gastric cancer cells treated with 5-Fu,MTX,MMC,EPI,CTX or combined with LAMS.Results:The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein decreased in the gastric cancer cells treated with LAMS.The sensitivity of human gastric cancer cells to 5-Fu,MTX,MMC,EPI,CTX increased and their effective time were extended.Conclusion:The sensitivity of human gastric cancer cells to 5-Fu,MTX,MMC,EPI,CTX can be enhanced by LAMS.
CRISPR Applications in Plant Virology: Virus Resistance and Beyond

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated genes (Cas) is a prokaryotic adaptive immune system which has been reprogrammed into a precise, simple, and efficient gene targeting technology. This emerging technology is revolutionizing various areas of life sciences, medicine, and biotechnology and has raised significant interest among plant biologists, both in basic science and in plant protection and breeding. In this review, we describe the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas systems, and how they can be deployed to model plants and crops for the control, monitoring, and study of the mechanistic aspects of plant virus infections. We discuss how Cas endonucleases can be used to engineer plant virus resistance by directly targeting viral DNA or RNA, as well as how they can inactivate host susceptibility genes. Additionally, other applications of CRISPR/Cas in plant virology such as virus diagnostics and imaging are reviewed. The review also provides a systemic comparison between CRISPR/Cas technology and RNA interference approaches, the latter of which has also been used for development of virus-resistant plants. Finally, we outline challenges to be solved before CRISPR/Cas can produce virus-resistant crop plants which can be marketed.
Developmental maturation of presynaptic ribbon numbers in chicken basilar‐papilla hair cells and its perturbation by long‐term overexpression of Wnt9a

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The avian basilar papilla is a valuable model system for exploring the developmental determination and differentiation of sensory hair cells and their innervation. In the mature basilar papilla, hair cells form a well‐known continuum between two extreme types—tall and short hair cells—that differ strikingly in their innervation. Previous work identified Wnt9a as a crucial factor in this differentiation. Here, we quantified the number and volume of immunolabelled presynaptic ribbons in tall and short hair cells of chickens, from developmental stages shortly after ribbons first appear to the mature posthatching condition. Two longitudinal locations were sampled, responding to best frequencies of approximately 1 kHz and approximately 5.5 kHz when mature. We found significant reductions of ribbon number during normal development in the tall‐hair‐cell domains, but stable, low numbers in the short‐hair‐cell domains. Exposing developing hair cells to continuous, excessive Wnt9a levels (through virus‐mediated overexpression) led to transiently abnormal high numbers of ribbons and a delayed reduction of ribbon numbers at all sampled locations. Thus, (normally) short‐hair‐cell domains also showed tall‐hair‐cell like behaviour, confirming previous findings (Munnamalai et al., 2017). However, at 3 weeks posthatching, ribbon numbers had decreased to the location‐specific typical values of control hair cells at all sampled locations. Furthermore, as shown previously, mature hair cells at the basal, high‐frequency location harboured larger ribbons than more apically located hair cells. This was true for both normal and Wnt9a‐overexposed basilar papillae.
Bilateral Optic Neuritis in association with Chronic Hepatitis C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: A 49-year-old African American woman presented with decreased vision in her left eye. She has a history significant for hypertension and chronic hepatitis C, treatment naive. The patient noted pain and difficulty with her vision for several weeks prior to presentation. She was diagnosed with right eye optic neuritis the year prior when she presented with similar symptoms. The patient's physical exam was unremarkable. Exam of the right eye revealed no light perception and optic nerve swelling. Left eye visual acuity was 20/25 with pink-appearing optic nerve and a cup-to-disc ratio 0.4. Laboratory examination showed normal liver function tests, complete blood count and coagulation profile. Serum B12, folate, thiamine, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels were within normal limits. Hepatitis C antibody was positive, genotype 1, and viral load of 365,000 copies. Hepatitis B surface antigen, core IgM antibody, and autoimmune markers (anti-nuclear, anti-mitochondrial, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, atypical p-ANCA) were negative. Serum rapid plasma reagin, Lyme titers, toxoplasma, Bartonella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and Epstein-Barr virus were negative. Lead and ACE levels were negative and serum protein electrophoresis was normal. CSF analysis was negative. Rheumatoid factor and serum cryoglobulins were positive. MRI brain was normal and MRI of the orbits showed development of increased T2 signal and patchy enhancement in the pre-chiasmatic left optic nerve. Abdominal ultrasound showed a 17 cm liver with increased parenchymal echogenicity consistent with diffuse hepatocellular process. A diagnosis of acute left eye optic neuritis was made and the patient was treated with IV methylprednisolone for three days with minimal improvement. Treatment for hepatitis C was not initiated as interferon has been shown to have ocular complications and worsen neurological lesions. There are several reported cases of optic neuritis with acute hepatitis A and B and one reported case of bilateral optic neuritis with acute hepatitis C. The mechanism for optic neuritis with acute hepatitis is unclear but complement activation and autoimmune-mediated neurotoxicity has been proposed; however this process is not well understood in chronic hepatitis C. The neuropathy associated with hepatitis C and mixed cryoglobulinemia usually presents asymmetrically, often as mononeuritis multiplex but can be a distal symmetric neuropathy. There is a lack of cases of bilateral optic neuritis in association with chronic hepatitis C. The presence of this complication and its implication in the future management of hepatitis C with interferon needs further investigation.
Adjusting the CPmaxfactor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE): areas in need of soil erosion protection in the Czech Republic

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water erosion is identified as the most severe type of soil degradation in the Czech Republic. Systematic protection preventing water erosion is not carried out in large areas of agricultural land. The map of the maximum tolerable CP factor value (the cover-management and the support-practice factors) – CPmax was compiled in order to assess erosion hazard on agricultural land. It estimates the requirements of the conservation practices which would not cause soil erosion above the tolerable limit of annual soil loss. The map is based on calculations using an adjusted Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and is easy to apply. It has already been applied in the Czech Republic when creating the map of erosion vulnerability for the purposes of delimitation of Standards of Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAECs), within Cross Compliance. The map covers the whole territory of the Czech Republic (scale 1:1,000,000).