jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
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Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIssue Publication InformationCite this: ACS Omega 2022, 7, 15, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):April 19, 2022Publication History Published online19 April 2022Published inissue 19 April 2022https://doi.org/10.1021/aov007i015_1572771Copyright © 2022 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (211 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
J. H. Crouwel: Chariots and other Wheeled Vehicles in Iron Age Greece. (Allard Pierson Series, 9.) Pp. 139; 4 Figs., 39 Plates. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Museum, 1993. Cased, GLD. 220.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

J. H. Crouwel: Chariots and other Wheeled Vehicles in Iron Age Greece. (Allard Pierson Series, 9.) Pp. 139; 4 Figs., 39 Plates. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Museum, 1993. Cased, GLD. 220. - Volume 45 Issue 1
Hippocampal event-related potentials (ERPs) in patients with unilateral Ammon's horn sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: In the hippocampus, visual presentation of words elicits a positive deflection (P600), followed by a long lasting late negative component (LNC). These ERP components are enhanced by word repetition, presumably reflecting hippocampal memory processes. Previous studies on patients with unilateral Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) have indicated that the LNC response to repetitions of words, as well as the P300 in oddball paradigms, are strongly reduced in the sclerotic hippocampus (Grunwald et al., 1995). The present study extends previous findings. Methods: The study sample consisted of 19 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (10 left, 9 right unilateral AHS). Multicontact depth electrodes were implanted along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus as part of the presurgical evaluation process. In a word recognition test, subjects had to indicate whether each word was new or already presented. In an oddball test, patients had to respond to rare target stimuli. The most anterior and the most posterior hippocampal electrodes were selected for measuring the peak amplitude of the P300 and P600. The less sharply peaking LNC was quantified by taking the mean amplitude between 600 and 900 ms. Results: In the word recognition paradigm, the P600 to repeated words was higher in amplitude than the response to newly presented words on focal and non-focal sides. The P600 was significantly reduced on the sclerotic side. The LNC was reduced on the focal side as compared to the non-focal side, but only in response to repeated words and only at posterior electrodes. Additionally, in the oddball paradigm, the P300 was significantly reduced on the sclerotic side. All components were more pronounced at posterior electrodes as compared to the anterior electrodes. Conclusions: As reported in earlier studies, P600 and LNC responses to correctly identified repeated words were higher in amplitude than responses to new words. Hippocampal ERPs were significantly reduced on the sclerotic side in both paradigms. This suggests that hippocampal processing is disrupted by the sclerosis and that measuring ERP parameters can be helpful in the presurgical evaluation process. Lesion effects are most pronounced in the P600 time range and at posterior electrodes. References: Grunwald et al. (1995), Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 95(1), 53–62
Students Using a Mathematica Learning Project Work to Conceptualise the Derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This study is based on a constructivist approach to the learn-ing of the concept of the derivative by discovery and by self-pacing. To determine whether the new learning and teaching environment had an impact on the students ’ un-derstanding of the derivative, two groups, each consisting of 34 students, comprised the control and experimental groups respectively. The experimental group participated in a Mathematica Learning Project whilst the control group was taught traditionally. Both groups were tested. It was envisaged that Mathematica Learning project may mini-mize the cognitive overload experienced by students during a traditional lecture. The project work in the laboratory formed part of the assessment for the experimental group. To evaluate students ’ responses, errors made by students during the project and the paper-pencil test were analysed. Findings revealed a greater number of structural errors in the control group as compared to the experimental group. Further the experimental group exhibited more deep struc-tures than surface structures whilst the traditional group exhibited more superficial structures than deep structures.
Research on the Mechanism of Cross-cultural Cooperation and Team Building between Chinese and Foreign Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the wave of global education, the cross-cultural cooperation between Chinese and foreign teachers becomes particularly critical. Such cooperation can not only promote the sharing of educational resources, but also enhance the communication and understanding between different cultures, thus improving the quality and innovation of education. Due to the existence of cultural differences, Chinese and foreign teachers face many challenges in the process of cooperation.
The geographic mosaic of coevolution in mutualistic networks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Significance The reciprocal evolution of interacting species, or coevolution, generates impressive adaptations in pairs of species across geographic regions. However, we currently do not understand how coevolution shapes adaptations in large groups of species that interact not just locally but also across ecosystems. We use a mathematical model of coevolution and network tools to show that gene flow resulting from movement of individuals among populations may favor, rather than swamp, reciprocal adaptation in mutualisms, especially in large and heterogeneous networks typical of pollination and seed dispersal interactions. Our results suggest that the disruption of gene flow, fueled by human activities, may undermine long-term adaptation in mutualistic assemblages, with severe consequences for the functioning of ecological systems.
Systemic bioavailability of inhaled steroids: the importance of appropriate and comparable methodology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To the Editors:

Recently, the systemic bioavailability of mometasone furoate (MF) via the TwisthalerTM (Schering Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) has been reported to be <1% in healthy subjects 1. This unusual result, however, was based on a study with sparse data, a low dose ( i.e . 400 µg) and a relatively insensitive assay (lower limit of detection of 50 pg·mL−1). Plasma concentrations were said to be undetectable in 10 of the 24 subjects in whom this assay was used.

The absolute systemic bioavailability for an inhaled drug is calculated by comparing the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for inhaled dosing, with that obtained following intravenous dosing. To obtain a reliable estimate, the administered doses need to be large enough to produce measurable plasma concentrations. Therefore, an estimate of the true systemic bioavailability of MF cannot reliably be made based on incomplete data and an insensitive assay, and certainly not compared with …
Protective refractory-metal coatings for tubular reactors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The work reported here describes a thermionically supported gas-discharge sputtering technique for depositing 125-..mu..-thick Ta and Mo films on steel for their preliminary evaluation as protective coatings for surfaces exposed to high-velocity gases at high temperatures and pressures. A description is given of the effects of substrate preparation, substrate temperature and substrate bias voltage on the phase composition, microhardness, and microstructure. Two phases were found in all of the Ta films and the presence of the minor or tetragonal phase appeared to be related to particulate material embedded in the substrate. In the case of Mo, only a single-textured bcc phase was found.
An affine invariant signed-rank multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart for process location monitoring

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Multivariate statistical process control (SPC) charts for detecting possible shifts in mean vectors assume that data observation vectors follow a multivariate normal distribution. This assumption is ideal and seldom met. Nonparametric SPC charts have increasingly become viable alternatives to parametric counterparts in detecting process shifts when the underlying process output distribution is unknown, specifically when the process measurement is multivariate. This study examined a new nonparametric signed-rank multivariate exponentially weighted moving average type (SRMEWMA) control chart for monitoring location parameters. The control chart was based on adapting a multivariate spatial signed-rank test. The test was affine-invariant and the weighted version of this test was used to formulate the charting statistic by incorporating the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme. The test's in-control (IC) run length distribution was examined and the IC control limits were established for different multivariate distributions, both elliptically symmetrical and skewed. The average run length (ARL) performance of the scheme was computed using Monte Carlo simulation for select combinations of smoothing parameter, shift, and number of p-variate quality characteristics. The ARL performance was compared to the performance of the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) and Hotelling T2. The control charts for observation vectors sampled the multivariate normal, multivariate t, and multivariate gamma distributions. The SRMEWMA control chart was applied to a real dataset example from aluminum smelter manufacturing that showed the SRMEWMA performed well. The newly investigated nonparametric multivariate SPC control chart for monitoring location parameters--the Signed-Rank Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (SRMEWMA)--is a viable alternative control chart to the parametric MEWMA control chart and is sensitive to small shifts in the process location parameter. The signed-rank multivariate exponentially weighted moving average performance for data from elliptically symmetrical distributions is similar to that of the MEWMA parametric chart; however, SRMEWMA's performance is superior to the performance of the MEWMA and Hotelling's T2 control charts for data from skewed distributions.
Critical Magnetic Fluctuations in MnF2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The critical spin fluctuations in MnF2 have been studied near the Néel temperature using a triple axis spectrometer with high resolution. The experimental data were analysed in terms of the static susceptibility and the spectral shape function. The results can be summarized as follows: The longitudinal component χ∥ (q) of the static susceptibility behaves as expected for a Heisenberg magnet, χ∥ (q = 0) ∝ [(T - TN) / TN]−1.35±0.01 and κ1∥ = 0.27[(T - TN) / TN]0.68±0.03 where κ1∥ is the longitudinal inverse correlation length. The corresponding transverse component χ⊥(q) is suppressed by the anisotropy. In terms of the suppressed Néel temperature T⊥ introduced by Moriya (1962) the temperature dependences were χ⊥(q=0)∝[(T−T⊥)/T⊥]−0.85±0.03 and κ1⊥=0.21[(T−T⊥)/T⊥]0.45±0.01. The characteristic widths of the spectral shape functions varied as Γ∥ (q = 0) = 1.5[(T - TN) / TN]0.62±0.02 and Γ⊥(q=0)=1.4[(T−T⊥)/T⊥]0.53±0.05 indicating thermodynamic showing down for the longitudinal component. The exponent 0.62±0.02 of Γ∥ (q = 0) is in bad agreement with the existing theories but is consistent with the similar exponent found in RbMnF3 by Nathans, Menzinger, and Pickart (1968). The q-variation of the transverse width Γ⊥(q) was consistent with the q3/2-law predicted by dynamic scaling.
Surgical treatment of clavicular fractures with Kirschner wires: a comparative study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the period January 1968 to January 1976, 1400 patients were treated for clavicular fractures. In 74 (5 percent) of cases co-adaptation osteosynthesis was carried out and the results are reported. Conservative treatment of clavicular fractures is to preferred. Surgical treatment should be performed only on strict indication. Percutaneous intramedullary Kirschner wire fixation, performed in an atraumatic manner and with proper postoperative treatment, gives good results for simple fractures. A warning is given against over-emphasis on the radiological findings in the treatment of clavicular fractures.
Silicon photonics for optical interconnects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Integration density, channel scalability, low switching energy and low insertion loss are the major prerequisites for on-chip Wavelength Division Multiplexing systems. A number of device geometries have already been demonstrated that fulfil these criteria, at least in part, but combining all of the requirements is still a difficult challenge. Photonic crystal cavities provide the ultimate confinement of light in space and time, giving the potential to realise devices with the lowest energy consumption and highest integration densities. Here, we demonstrate Photonic Crystal cavity modulators with very low switching energies and high speed Mach Zehnder interferometer modulators and discuss their relative merits.
Changes in lung volumes and gas trapping in patients with large hiatal hernia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Studies assessing hiatal hernia ( HH )‐related effects on lung volumes derived by body plethysmography are limited. We aimed to evaluate the effect of hernia size on lung volumes (including assessment by body plethysmography) and the relationship to functional capacity, as well as the impact of corrective surgery. Methods Seventy‐three patients (70 ± 10 years; 54 female) with large HH [mean ± standard deviation, intra‐thoracic stomach ( ITS ) (%): 63 ± 20%; type III in 65/73] had respiratory function data (spirometry, 73/73; body plethysmography, 64/73; diffusing capacity, 71/73) and underwent HH surgery. Respiratory function was analysed in relation to hernia size (groups I , II and III : ≤50, 50%–75% and ≥75% ITS , respectively) and functional capacity. Post‐operative changes were quantified in a subgroup. Results Total lung capacity ( TLC ) and vital capacity ( VC ) correlated inversely with hernia size ( TLC : 97 ± 11%, 96 ± 13%, 88 ± 10% predicted in groups I , II and III , respectively, P = 0.01; VC : 110 ± 17%, 111 ± 14%, 98 ± 14% predicted, P = 0.02); however, mean values were normal and only 14% had abnormal lung volumes. Surgery increased TLC (93 ± 11% vs 97 ± 10% predicted) and VC (105 ± 15% vs 116 ± 18%), and decreased residual volume/total lung capacity ( RV / TLC ) ratio (39 ± 7% vs 37 ± 6%) ( P < 0.01 for all). Respiratory changes were modest relative to the marked functional class improvement. Among parameters that improved following HH surgery, decreased TLC and forced expiratory volume in 1 s and increased RV / TLC ratio correlated with poorer functional class pre‐operatively. Conclusions Increasing HH size correlates with reduced TLC and VC . Surgery improves lung volumes and gas trapping; however, the changes are mild and within the normal range.
Survival study of treatment adherence by patients given oral glycopyrrolate for hyperhidrosis following treatment failure with oral oxybutynin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral anticholinergics such as oxybutynin (OOx) and glycopyrrolate (OGly) are frequently used in the management of hyperhidrosis. Although OOx is considered currently the anticholinergic drug of first choice, OGly is a safe and effective alternative if OOx fails. The aim of this study was to identify the main variables associated with treatment adherence by patients receiving OGly, for whom previous treatment with OOx had failed. A prospective study was conducted of patients with hyperhidrosis receiving treatment with OGly in the period 2012 to 2019. Epidemiological variables, treatment details, effectiveness and adverse effects were recorded. A total of 58 patients (41 women), with a mean age of 35.9 years, were included in the study. The median follow-up period was 32 months. At 3 months, 70.7% of the patients had responded to treatment (excellent response: 75.6%), and adverse effects were reported by 70.7%. At 12 months, 53.4% had responded (excellent response: 74.2%), with adverse effects in 70.9%. The variables associated with poorer adherence were affected areas: palms of the hands, soles of the feet and armpits. The only variable associated with greater adherence was the generalized presence of hyperhidrosis. Our results provide valuable insights into the outcomes achieved when OGly is used to treat hyperhidrosis.
Uplift and denudation of Mt Sanqingshan Geopark, Jiangxi Province, China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mt Sanqingshan, a global Geopark and world natural heritage site located in Jiangxi Province, China, is famous for its eroded granite peaks. The uplift and denudation history of the area has been reconstructed using fission track methods for the first time. Apatite fission track ages (AFTAs) cluster into three groups at ca. 25 Ma, 45–55 Ma, and 70 Ma. These ages can be related to ancient multilevel denudation planes at about 900, 1200, and 1500 m above sea level, respectively. The apatite data also reveal four cooling stages for the Mt Sanqingshan region, from ca. 90 to 65–60 Ma, 65–60 to 45 Ma, 45 to 20–15 Ma, and 20–15 Ma to the present, with cooling rates of 1.96°C, 1.18°C, 0.37°C, and 3.78°C per million years, respectively, and an average cooling rate of 1.80°C per million years. Calculated uplift rates are 0.055, 0.034, 0.011, and 0.11 mm year‒1 in the four stages, yielding uplifts of 4140, 570, 290, and 1940 m, respectively. The uplift rate of the last stage was significantly faster than that of the other three preceding stages, reflecting rejuvenation of Mt Sanqingshan, as a result of new tectonism. The average uplift rate at Mt Sanqingshan is 0.053 mm year‒1, and the average denudation rate is 0.048 mm year‒1, resulting in 3550 m of uplift and 2540 m of denudation relative to eustatic sea level. The 1010 m difference is very close to the average elevation of about 1000 m at present. A comparison of uplift–denudation histories for Mt Sanqingshan and Mt Huangshan shows that fission track results can be useful for defining geomorphological development stages.
Conclusion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter looks into the disparate arrangement of precarious labor in transitional Myanmar under the correlation of modernity. It mentions the structural adjustment of Myanmar's reconstituted military junta. A growing body of research in critical development studies addresses the enduring structural unemployment and underemployment across the Global South and Global North, which correlates to industrial relocation, automation, and the casualization of labor. The chapter explains the relational anthropology being used for an ethnographic inquiry that approaches divergent socio-cultural formations as constituted through reciprocal relations. It also covers the notion of capitalist heterogeneity concerning the struggles surrounding proletarian politics, liberation, and variegated capitalism.
They told us what they want, so now what?: Reflections on the participatory design of a Business Law and Practice module – part 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>No description supplied This blog reflects on the process of working with students to develop a new Business Law and Practice module (BLP) for Sussex Law School, one of two options for law students at level 5. ­It is set within the broad pedagogical context of co-creation, knowledge exchange and students as ‘partners’ (Cook-Sather et al, 2014; Dollinger & Lodge, 2019), but, on a review of the literature, is more aligned with the ‘participatory design’ approach, explored in the medical education arena, with students having a key role in working towards the goal of improving the “quality of educational innovations by ensuring use, usability and utility of educational design for both teachers and students” (Di Salvo et al, 2017). Martens et al (2019) note the overlapping of terminology, but find that participatory design sits below co-creation in terms of student influence and involvement with design and decision-making. In summary, we wanted students to work with us to develop a pedagogically innovative module, but once we had their input, we would work on what that might look like in terms of implementation. </p>
Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Haplaxius crudus, commonly known as American palm cixiid, is native to the American tropics and subtropics. The species was first described from Jamaica in 1907 and is currently known from northern South America, Central America, certain islands of the Caribbean, and Florida and southern Texas in the USA. The adults of H. crudus feed mainly on palms, particularly coconut palms, while the nymphs feed mainly on grasses. The main economic impact of H. crudus is as a vector of coconut (or palm) lethal yellowing (LY) caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae, a highly destructive disease that affects at least 37 species of palms, including coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Control of LY is best achieved by the planting of resistant cultivars integrated with cultural measures such as ground cover management because chemical control of H. crudus is not practical. International trade in palms from LY-infected areas is prohibited because of the threat of the disease and vector spreading not only to coconuts and date palms, but also to palms that are important as ornamental plants or as local sources of food or fibre.
[Subcapsular haematoma of the spleen as complication of chronic pancreatitis. Contribution of echotomography to the diagnosis in two cases (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two men aged 28 and 33 were found to have subcapsular haematoma of the spleen secondary to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. One of the patients presented with a pancreatic pseudo-cyst, left amylase pleural effusion and thrombosis of the splenic vein. Selective coeliac and mesenteric angiography and, chiefly, echotomography pointed to the diagnosis, which was confirmed on abdominal incision and histopathological study of the lesions. From these two cases and a review of 63 cases previously published the authors describe the clinical symptoms (acute anaemia with abdominal tumour), pathogeny (vascular or enzymatic) and diagnosis of the condition. Echotomography of the pancreas seems to be the best non invasive method to detect splenic complications of chronic pancreatitis.