jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Functional nasal tests for the evaluation of the mucociliary transport].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was made of a noninvasive functional test of mucociliary clearance using micronized indigo blue colorant, which is insoluble in airway secretions. Transport time to the nasopharynx was measured optically with an endoscope. This method was more objective and less irritating than others tested by other authors. Measurements were made in each subject using different endoscopes. The results were highly suggestive of a difference in nasal mucociliary clearance time between healthy and unhealthy subjects. This may mean that chronic inflammation, atrophic rhitis, dyskinesia, and other diseases lead to malfunction of the nasal mucociliary system.
Gastric acid barrier to ingested microorganisms in man: studies in vivo and in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reassessment of the `gastric bactericidal barrier' to enteric bacteria in man included studies of the bactericidal activity of (1) the normal and achlorhydric stomach in vivo and (2) normal and achlorhydric gastric juice and other media in vitro. Within 30 minutes virtually all bacteria ( Serratia marcescens ) were eliminated in the normal stomach whereas no reduction occurred in the achlorhydric stomach in one hour. In vitro , identical bactericidal activity was observed at the same p H (from 2·0 to 7·0) in normal gastric juice, achlorhydric gastric juice, aqueous HCl, and nutrient broth. At p H less than 4·0, 99·9% of the bacteria were killed within 30 minutes. The presence of profuse bacterial flora, including coliforms, found in markedly acid-deficient but not in normal stomachs, correlates well with the absence of bactericidal activity. Thus, the `gastric bactericidal barrier' is primarily p H-hydrochloric acid dependent, with other constituents of gastric juice contributing little, if any, detectable effect on the destruction of microorganisms.
STUDENT BARRIERS TO ONLINE LEARNING AS PREDICTORS OF PERCEIVED LEARNING AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research investigates the effects of online learning barriers on students’ perceived learning and academic achievement. In this study, the barriers identified by Muilenburg and Berge in 2005 were used as online learning barriers. These are (1) administrative issues, (2) social interaction, (3) academic skills, (4) technical skills, (5) learner motivation, (6) time and support for studies, (7) cost and access to the Internet, and (8) technical problems. In addition to online learning barriers, gender and job status are other variables of the study. The research was conducted with 622 online learning students and designed on a quantitative cross-sectional survey model. The analysis results show that gender and job status affect both academic achievement and perceived learning. In terms of students’ online learning barriers, academic skills and learning motivation are predictors of academic achievement. In addition, academic skills and time and support for studies are predictors of perceived learning.
[Effect of Point Mutations in the Polymerase Genes of the Influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) Virus on the Immune Response in a Mouse Model].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The vaccine strains for live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive, and attenuated phenotypes, which are guaranteed by the presence of specific mutations from the master donor virus in their internal genes. In this study, we used mutant viruses of the pathogenic A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) that contained ts-mutations in PB1 (K265N, V591I), PB2 (V478L), and PA (L28P, V341L) genes along and/or in different combinations to evaluate the impact of these mutations in the immune responses. Sequential addition of tested mutations resulted in the stepwise decrease in virus-specific serum and, to a lesser extent, mucosal antibody levels. We demonstrated strong positive correlation between virus attenuation (virus titer in lung) and antibody titers. The ts-mutations in PB1, PB2, and PA genes are mostly involved in the modulation of the humoral immunity, but also have a moderate effect on the cellular adaptive immune response.
Statistics and Show Business: Shakespeare Meets Predictive Analytics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A board member, a marketing professional, and an actor walk into a bar. The actor says, “Why aren’t you spending more money on marketing my great Shakespearean performance?” The board member concurs. “I agree. Why are our sales so slow? Surely, there’s got to be something we can do.” The marketing professional responds, “First, the name ‘Shakespeare’ isn’t helping us here. Second, it’s the most tickets we’ve ever sold to a show like this. Third, stop calling me Shirley.” At companies and organizations across the country, analytic dashboards give executives and boards of directors a performance snapshots. Dashboards often list sales results, projections, and other key indicators, which are generally compared to this year’s budget as well as totals from the same time last year. Additionally, and with a dashing stroke of creativity, the results might even be color-coded—green for “Everything’s on track,” yellow for “Cautiously optimistic,” and red for “Problem area.” While this shorthand is helpful for time-starved “...there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.”
Biohumanities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Within the humanities, after a succession of fundamental controversies ("wars" and "turns") about the role of theory, language, culture, and science, a number of questions have returned which signal a shift towards posthumanism (understood as a turn towards post-anthropocentrism, or the "nonhuman turn" and its associated "life wars"). These questions are: What is technology? What is the human? and What is life? Even though none of these questions is particularly new, what provokes their return is the changed context and historical situation in which they have been regaining urgency. In this new age of generalised biopolitics, from a posthumanist point of view, the remit of bioethics needs to be extended as far as both the "bios" and the "ethical" are concerned to take into account new biotechnological but also ecopolitical challenges from a post-anthropocentric point of view. While the current focus of bioethics is often on questions of technological enhancement and the impact of artificial intelligence on future humans (i.e. transhumanism), this chapter argues that a posthumanist bioethics (i.e. a bioethics that takes the critique of humanism seriously) will have to embrace a new materialist notion of life to face the eco-biological challenges of our time (especially, anthropogenic climate change, the loss of biodiversity, globalisation, and mass migration). The crucial question of a posthumanist bioethics informing what might be called the "biohumanities" is thus: In what way may humans have to change in order to be able to focus on affirming and preserving life?
Identities for linear recursive sequences of order <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">$ 2 $</tex-math></inline-formula>

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We present here a general rule of construction of identities for recursive sequences by using sequence transformation techniques developed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b16">16</xref>]. Numerous identities are constructed, and many well known identities can be proved readily by using this unified rule. Various Catalan-like and Cassini-like identities are given for recursive number sequences and recursive polynomial sequences. Sets of identities for Diophantine quadruple are shown.</p>
Long-Term Measures of Climate Unpredictability Shape the Avian Endocrine Stress Axis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractThe vertebrate glucocorticoid stress response is an important mechanism facilitating pleiotropic phenotypic adjustments for coping with environmental change and optimizing fitness. Although circulating glucocorticoid hormones are mediators of plasticity that individuals can adjust rapidly in response to environmental challenges, they are also shaped by ecological selection. It remains unclear, however, how environmental variation on different timescales influences glucocorticoids. Here, we use an intraspecific comparative approach to determine how variation in precipitation on different timescales (months, years, decades) shapes distinct components of the glucocorticoid response. We sampled superb starlings (Lamprotornis superbus) at eight sites across Kenya in multiple years that differed in precipitation. Among-population variation in baseline glucocorticoids was shaped by both short- and long-term precipitation, whereas variation in stress-induced levels was poorly explained by precipitation on any timescale. Adrenal sensitivity, quantified via adrenocorticotropic hormone injections, was shaped by long-term precipitation and was highest in unpredictable environments. Together, these results suggest that variation in glucocorticoids can be best explained by environmental variation at timescales that extend beyond the lives of individuals, although baseline glucocorticoids also reflect short-term environmental conditions. Patterns of long-term precipitation may represent a microevolutionary selective pressure shaping the endocrine stress axis across populations and influencing how individuals cope with environmental change.
Carotid Atherosclerosis Does Not Predict Coronary, Vertebral, or Aortic Atherosclerosis in Patients With Acute Stroke Symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose— The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant atherosclerotic disease in the carotid arteries predicts significant atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries, vertebral arteries, or aorta in patients with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. Methods— Atherosclerotic disease was imaged using CT angiography in a prospective study of 120 consecutive patients undergoing emergent CT evaluation for symptoms of stroke. Using a comprehensive CT angiography protocol that captured the carotid arteries, coronary arteries, vertebral arteries, and aorta, we evaluated these arteries for the presence and severity of atherosclerotic disease. Significant atherosclerotic disease was defined as >50% stenosis in the carotid, coronary, and vertebral arteries, or ≥4 mm thickness and encroaching in the aorta. Presence of any and significant atherosclerotic disease was compared in the different types of arteries assessed. Results— Of these 120 patients, 79 had CT angiography examinations of adequate image quality and were evaluated in this study. Of these 79 patients, 33 had significant atherosclerotic disease. In 26 of these 33 patients (79%), significant disease was isolated to 1 type of artery, most often to the coronary arteries (N=14; 54%). Nonsignificant atherosclerotic disease was more systemic and involved multiple arteries. Conclusions— Significant atherosclerotic disease in the carotid arteries does not predict significant atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries, vertebral arteries, or aorta in patients with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. Significant atherosclerotic disease is most often isolated to 1 type of artery in these patients, whereas nonsignificant atherosclerotic disease tends to be more systemic.
Bacteriostasis of volatile compounds from six perennial root flower plants.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antibacterial effects of volatile compounds from leaves of six perennial root flower plants widely grown in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi,China,were investigated on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213,Escherichia coli DH10B,Bacillus subtilis FM-S2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Results showed that although all the tested plants exerted antibacterial effects,Dendranthema morifolium‘ Guifeihong’,Paeonia mairei,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Stella Deora’,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Stella Deora’+Paeonia mairei and Iris brevicaulis+Paenoia mairei were found most effective in inhibiting bacteria,with their inhibitory effects reaching higher than 30%.
[Study on the mechanism of interaction between TH-PF-Mo(VI) complex and bovine serum albumin by fluorimetric method].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanism of interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and trihydroxylphenylfluorone (TH-PF)-Mo(VI) complex in neutral solution was studied by fluorimetric method. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of BSA caused by (TH-PF)-Mo(VI) complex probe was investigated and the binding constants under different temperature were measured. The binding constants of the reaction at 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C were calculated by fluorimetric method to be 4.78 x 10(4) L x mol(-1) and 3.72 x 10(4) L x mol(-1), respectively. According to the theory of Forster non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distance and transfer efficiency at 25 degrees C were calculated to be 2.89 nm and 0.314, respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters were measured and the results indicated that electrostatic force played a major role in the interaction between TH-PF-Mo(VI) complex and BSA.
Books 13 & 14

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Books 13 and 14, written around AD 418, are part of a broader set of Books 11–14 which deal with the origin of the earthly and heavenly cities. Books 13 and 14 were written in the midst of the Pelagian controversy but also sought to tackle an issue Augustine invested much time and energy in, from the very beginning of his ecclesiastical career. Furthermore, these two books can be read as commentaries on Genesis on the one hand, and as philosophical tractates critiquing Platonic and Stoic tenets on the other. And while Books 13 and 14 focus on the fall of Adam and its consequences, Augustine does use this opportunity to attack Pelagian positions explicitly in this context.
Commentary on Koons, RD, Buscaglia J. The Forensic Significance of Glass Composition and Refractive Index Measurements. J Forensic Sci 1999;44(3):496–503

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Commentary on Koons, RD, Buscaglia J. The forensic significance of glass composition and refractive index measurements. J Forensic Sci 1999;44(3):496–503.
Subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with recent transient ischemic attack

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor of stroke, but the association between AF and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is less clear. Despite this, patients with TIA are included in stroke trials. Aims To determine the 1‐year incidence of AF in TIA patients using an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM); second, to determine factors associated with incident AF in these patients. Methods Prospective cohort study of patients with TIA with normal standard electrocardiogram (ECG) and 72‐hour Holter monitoring (HM). Exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 or > 81 years; prior AF/stroke; ongoing oral anticoagulation therapy or contraindication for it; significant carotid artery stenosis; uncertain TIA diagnosis. Eligible patients received an ICM and were followed for 12 months. Results From November 2013 to October 2015, 809 patients were diagnosed with TIA. In total, 235 patients were eligible. Nine (3.8%) of these had AF on standard ECG or HM. Of the remaining patients, 121 refused ICM implantation. In total, 105 patients (median age 65.4 years [range 27.1–80.8], 46% males) received an ICM, which revealed AF in 7 (6.7%). Factors associated with new‐onset AF were a history of recurrent TIA (odds ratio [OR] 11.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–63.6) and heart failure (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.71–96.83). Conclusions The 1‐year incidence of AF in TIA patients with normal ECG and HM was 6.7% using an ICM. Factors associated with development of AF were recurrent TIA and heart failure.
Effect of Low Energy Far-Infrared Irradiation on Facial Skin for Healthy People

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Utilizing VISIA skin tester to quantitatively evaluate the effect of low energy far-infrared irradiation on healthy people’s facial skin. Methods: 60 volunteers were selected in hospital from September 2019 to June 2020, and the total score of face, skin spots, texture, wrinkles and pores were observed before and after low energy far-infrared irradiation treatment with VISIA skin tester. Results: After 2 weeks of low energy far-infrared irradiation treatment, the total skin score of volunteers increased significantly (P < 0.01). In the itemized statistics, the moisture value, stain value and wrinkle value increased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low energy far-infrared irradiation can significantly improve the facial skin quality of healthy people.
Imaging Flow Cytometry as a Quick and Effective Identification Technique of Pollen Grains from Betulaceae, Oleaceae, Urticaceae and Asteraceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite the continuous and intensive development of laboratory techniques, a light microscope is still the most common tool used in pollen grains differentiation. However, microscopy is time-consuming and needs well-educated and experienced researchers. Other currently used techniques can be categorised as images and non-images analysis, but each has certain limitations. We propose a new approach to differentiate pollen grains using the Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) technique. It allows for high-throughput fluorescence data recording, which, in contrast to the standard FC, also enables real-time control of the results thanks to the possibility of digital image recording of cells flowing through the measuring capillary. The developed method allows us to determine the characteristics of the pollen grains population based on the obtained fluorescence data, using various combinations of parameters available in the IDEAS software, which can be analysed on different fluorescence channels. On this basis, we distinguished pollen grains both between and within different genera belonging to the Betulaceae, Oleaceae, Urticaceae and Asteraceae families. Thereby, we prove that the proposed methodology is sufficient for accurate, fast, and cost-effective identification and potentially can be used in the routine analysis of allergenic pollen grains.
The ultradiscrete Toda lattice and the Smith normal form of bidiagonal matrices

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The discrete Toda lattice preserves the eigenvalues of tridiagonal matrices, and convergence of dependent variables to the eigenvalues can be proved under appropriate conditions. We show that the ultradiscrete Toda lattice preserves invariant factors of a certain bidiagonal matrix over a principal ideal domain and prove convergence of dependent variables to invariant factors using properties of the box and ball system. Using this fact, we present a new method for computing the Smith normal form of a given matrix.
School of Nursing, Benin City,2023/2024 NURSING ADMISSION FORM is out now call ☎(07066280862) - (07066280862)DR Anita The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form 07066280862 into the School of Nursing .And also the sales of two (2) years Post Basic Nursing Programme. contact the school Admin. DR Anita on ☎07066280862 for more details on how to purchase the form and register online

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

School of Nursing, Benin City,2023/2024 NURSING ADMISSION FORM is out now call ☎️(07066280862) - (07066280862)DR Anita The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form 07066280862 into the School of Nursing .And also the sales of two (2) years Post Basic Nursing Programme. contact the school Admin. DR Anita on ☎️07066280862 for more details on how to purchase the form and register online
Host Range Of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum In Eastern North America

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, an avian pathogen most common in poultry, was first detected in wild songbirds in 1994, primarily infecting house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in which it can cause severe eye lesions. Recent studies have revealed that M. gallisepticum can infect a greater diversity of avian hosts. Our study attempts to determine the host range of M. gallisepticum in a bird community in Tompkins County, New York (USA). This research was conducted between January 2007 and June 2010 as part of a larger M. gallisepticum investigation. We tested to what extent bird taxonomic affiliation, and seasonal presence influenced the likelihood of being infected. Birds were trapped opportunistically at bird feeders and inspected visually for conjunctivitis. Conjunctival swabs were tested for the presence of M. gallisepticum DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); blood samples were tested for the presence of M. gallisepticum-specific antibodies using rapid plate agglutination (RPA). The 1,989 individuals sampled comprised 53 species from 19 avian families. We documented evidence of M. gallisepticum infection in 27 species from 15 avian families. Overall, 37/1989 (1.9%) of the individuals showed visible signs of conjunctivitis, with 77/1989 (3.9%) testing positive for M. gallisepticum via PCR, and 72/1989 (3.6%) testing positive for M. gallisepticum antibodies via RPA. Overall, 58/1056 (5.5%) fringillids tested positive via PCR, with 40/331 (12.1%) positive results from house finches specifically, and 18/933 (1.9%) from nonfringillids generally. We found positive PCR and RPA results in 11 species of migratory birds, and no evidence of M. gallisepticum infection in 26 of the species sampled (n=57). Successful isolates of the bacteria were made from seven field samples. When combining the results from this study with previous research, there is evidence of M. gallisepticum infection in 42 bird species.
The relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioural intentions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in one of the sectors of hospitality industry, which is hotel. It also sought to examine whether the customer satisfaction that has been achieved is able to stimulate some behavioural intentions to be realizable. Design – Four dimensions of service quality were identified as having the potentials to influence customer satisfaction: employee behaviour, room amenities, physical evidence and food quality. Methodology – The questionnaire was adopted and adapted from the past studies. The questionnaires were administered to customers in two hotels located in suburban areas. A total of 275 returned questionnaires were analysed by using multiple regression analysis to test for the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction. Approach – The results showed that food quality produced the greatest influence on customer satisfaction, followed by employee behaviour and room amenities. Originality – This study indicates that service quality is important because it can lead to increased customer satisfaction, and it can also stimulate positive behavioural intentions to be realizable. The results imply that hotel operators and decision makers in the hotel sector should seek to improve the attributes of service quality as they have the potentials to magnify contributions on customer satisfaction.