jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of heat transfer in a glow discharge

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The article is devoted to the experimental study of heat transfer in a glow discharge. The longitudinal discharge was ignited in a stream of air moving in a cylindrical discharge chamber (DC). Copper electrodes were located at a distance of 9 cm from each other perpendicular to the axis of the DC. The gas pressure P = (2 - 9) kPa and its flow rate G = (0 - 0.035) g / s were monitored. The discharge current and voltage varied accordingly in the ranges: I = (30-80) mA, U = (1-2) kV. Falling current-voltage characteristics were observed. The temperature of the neutral particles was measured using chromel-alumel thermocouples located along the DC in three sections. The location of the thermocouples made it possible to measure the temperature distribution both along the DC and across it. The discharge shape was monitored photographically and visually. It was found that with an air flow rate G = 0.017 g / s, the discharge loses its axial symmetry and contracts to the wall of the DC. The temperature field of neutral particles also changes significantly.
Health information management and physiotherapy faculty collaboration to discover the use of health informatics hiding in plain sight in an entry-level DPT program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Many educational disciplines, especially in health professions, are required by accrediting bodies to introduce or include health informatics (HI); however, faculty (academics) teaching this content may not be well prepared. Objective: The aim of this project was to explore how a doctoral physical therapy (DPT) program could more accurately represent compliance with HI accreditation requirements by identifying hidden instances of relevant content within the curriculum. Method: This exploratory, mixed methods, action research study utilised document review, questionnaires and interviews in the collection of quantitative and qualitative data to enable assessment of knowledge about HI, to determine if HI content was already incorporated in current courses, and, whether the content was accurately reflected in course student learning objectives (SLOs). Change in faculty understanding of HI as a result of this study was also assessed. Results: Of 16 DPT faculty, 13 participated in the pre-interview questionnaire; 8 (50%) representing 22/39 courses participated in the full study. Most were unfamiliar with HI and had unrecognised HI already incorporated in their courses leading to several SLO revisions and additions. Interview and post-interview questionnaire results documented significant increases in HI understanding among faculty. Conclusion: Physical therapy and HIM collaboration was successful in identifying HI content hiding in plain sight. Results revealed multiple instances of unrecognised HI content across the DPT curriculum. Revised and newly added SLOs, with others likely to follow due to this study, will assist faculty with future reaccreditation and in preparing graduates to more fully utilise HI in today’s digital healthcare environments.
Strengths of community and health facilities based interventions in improving women and adolescents' care seeking behaviors as approaches for reducing maternal mortality and improving birth outcome among low income communities of Egypt

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Provision of emergency obstetric care is considered the key for maternal mortality reduction worldwide. This study evaluated the impact of community- and facility-based educational programs on provision of emergency obstetric care in Egypt. The study focused on evaluating utilization of the available health services and care seeking behaviors of mothers in the childbearing period. Methods We implemented a package of community- and facility-focused educational interventions in two of Egypt's lowest income governorates. At facility level, health professionals at rural health units from 21 villages over 5 years were trained. Mass media gathering, individual teaching at health facilities, printed materials and home-based care sessions were provided. Collectively, these interventions were designed to focusing on recognition of the early warning signs during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period for timely referral to hospitals for 20,494 women and adolescents mothers. Results The impact of the interventions was highly reflected on the percent of mothers received care during their pregnancy period. Proper antenatal care at governmental or private health facilities was raised dramatically from 0.6 to 59.3% and those who utilized at least one family planning method from 61.4 to 74.4%. Accordingly, the rate of complications significantly reduced during pregnancy (38.1 to 15.1%), during delivery (24.1 to 13.1%) and during postpartum (81.7 to 7.0%). As an impact to the improvement, there was a marked reduction in adolescent pregnancy by 55% and better birth outcome with a reduction in the percent of stillbirth by 11.5%. Conclusion It is important to provide a comprehensive package that works at both improving qualities of care as well as empowering women by knowledge to first aid measures at the community level. The cost-effective way to empower mothers to provide first aid measures as emergency obstetric care is to adopt the outreach approach which could be more influential than mass media campaigns for the at-risk and vulnerable and low-income communities.
Metal-ceramic dowel crown restorations for severely damaged teeth: A clinical report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This clinical report describes an alternative prosthodontic treatment of a patient who had severely damaged endodontically-treated first molar teeth in all quadrants of her mouth. The young patient′s severely damaged permanent molar teeth were treated with a restoration combining the advantage of the esthetics of dental porcelain, reinforced with the underlying cast gold dowel crown. Using this technique, the remaining sound tooth structure was preserved with function and esthetics accomplished. The described metal-ceramic one piece dowel crown restoration seemed to perform without any problems for the 12 month evaluation time.
The Role of OCT in Follow-Up of Fungal Keratitis Caused by Beauveria bassiana in Contact Lens Wearer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 25-year-old Caucasic female was referred to our clinic after suffering from infectious keratitis in the right eye for a month. The patient was a contact lens user and had no history of ocular trauma. Furthermore, the patient did not report any relevant antecedent. The main complaint was intense photophobia and pain. Infectious keratitis remains one of the main complications of contact lens wear and can become a therapeutic challenge in some patients. Although the most frequent causal agent is bacterial, other causes such as herpes virus, Acanthamoeba or fungi should be considered when antimicrobial therapy does not work as expected clinically. Fungal keratitis normally appears on previously damaged corneas, but it can also develop in contact lens wearers. Beauveria bassiana is an unusual pathogen which has been diagnosed more frequently lately per the clinical reports in the last 30 years, so it can be included in the diagnostic scheme when a fungal keratitis is suspected. In clinical management, AS-OCT may be a functional tool to assess the evolution and monitor the response to microbial agents and surgery. Although more studies are needed, some characteristic features have been described and can help to diagnose a fungal keratitis against other infections. AS-OCT can also play an important role in monitoring the corneal scarring after the keratitis episode, and it may be useful to plan post-infection therapy for visual rehabilitation.
Psychological factors associated with changes in physical activity in Dutch people with type 2 diabetes under societal lockdown: A cross‐sectional study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Aims To investigate changes in physical activity (PA) and psychological factors during societal lockdown in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods A cross‐sectional study among Dutch adults with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using online questionnaires. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression was performed with change in PA during societal lockdown as outcome and perceived change in stress, anxiety, perceived risk for COVID‐19 infection, emotional well‐being and former PA status as determinants. Results Five hundred and sixty seven respondents filled out the questionnaire, 536 were included in the final analysis: mean age of 65.9 ± 7.9 years; mean diabetes duration 13.3 ± 8 years; 54% men; 47% reported no change in PA, 27% became less active and 26% became more active during societal lockdown. Participants who were more likely to become less active were participants who experienced more stress (OR: 2.27; 95% CI 1.25–4.13) or less stress (OR: 2.20; 95% CI 1.03–4.71). Participants who were more likely to become more active were participants who experienced more stress (OR: 2.31; 95% CI 1.25, 4.26). Participants with higher emotional well‐being (OR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99) were less likely to become less active than to report no change in PA. Conclusions Changes in PA in people with type 2 diabetes during societal lockdown are associated with changes in psychological factors such as perceived stress and emotional well‐being. People with diabetes and their caregivers should be aware of these possible changes.
Rapid diagnostic barcode system for codetection of multiple protein markers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An ultrasensitive immunodiagnostic readout method based on an electrochemical analysis is presented. Different inorganic quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals (ZnS, CdS, and PbS) are tagged to antibodies for the on-site voltammetric stripping measurements of multiple antigen targets. The multiprotein electrical sensing capability is coupled to the amplification feature of anodic stripping voltammetric transduction and with an efficient magnetic removal (to minimize nonspecific adsorption and cross-reactivity effects). Sandwich-immunoassay formats were performed using model proteins (/spl beta//sub 2/-microglobulin, myoglobin, and human serum albumin). These encoding QD tracers with distinct redox potential yield highly sensitive and selective stripping peaks at -1.11 V (Zn), -0.67 V (Cd), and -0.52 V (Pb) at the mercury-film screen printed carbon electrode (versus Ag/AgCl reference). The position and size of these peaks reflect the identity and risk level of the corresponding antigen marker. The favorable signal-to-noise characteristics of the response for the initial 25-ng/mL mixture indicate a detection limit of ca. 10 ng/mL far below the early warning range and allow a reliable determination of very low protein concentrations. Such analog peaks of the QDs were converted to simple and rapid barcode signals. The digital readout system can code 215 electrically tuned barcodes to mark different protein analytes and to be useful for a wireless communication system.
Additional file 3 of Clustering pattern and evolution characteristic of microRNAs in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 3: Table S1. miRNA location in the grass carp genome. Table S2. The miRNA family of twelve species analyzed. Table S3. miRNA clusters in the grass carp genome. Table S4. Expression correlation between miRNA duplication of grass crap. Table S5. MiRNA evolution rate. Table S6. The colinearity blocks of protein between grass carp and zebrafish. Table S7. The colinearity blocks of miRNA between grass carp and zebrafish. Table S8. Tissue-specific miRNAs in the grass carp. Table S9. Expression correlation between neighbouring miRNAs of grass carp. Table S10. Expression level of grass carp miRNAs with different genomic context. Table S11. The predicted common miRNA/target pairs.
When Faced With Increasing Complexity: The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Drone Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As artificial intelligence (AI) assistance tools become more ubiquitous in engineering design, it becomes increasingly necessary to understand the influence of AI assistance on the design process and design effectiveness. Previous work has shown the advantages of incorporating AI design agents to assist human designers. However, the influence of AI assistance on the behavior of designers during the design process is still unknown. This study examines the differences in participants’ design process and effectiveness with and without AI assistance during a complex drone design task using the HyForm design research platform. Data collected from this study are analyzed to assess the design process and effectiveness using quantitative methods, such as hidden Markov models and network analysis. The results indicate that AI assistance is most beneficial when addressing moderately complex objectives but exhibits a reduced advantage in addressing highly complex objectives. During the design process, the individual designers working with AI assistance employ a relatively explorative search strategy, while the individual designers working without AI assistance devote more effort to parameter design.
Network Effects in Migrant Remittances

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Migrant remittances comprise an important capital source for developing countries. Research connects migrants’ remittance behavior to altruism, exchange, insurance, and investment motives or to a desire to maintain options available through origin communities. This study provides an alternative “network” perspective: Remittance behavior may depend on the remitting patterns of those in one’s social ties—(a) to members of the origin household; (b) to members of “sibling” households, where a member of the ego household has a sibling; and (c) to members of the origin village. We use censuses from 51 villages in Nang Rong, where one in four residents migrated to internal destinations in either 1994 or 2000, and about one in two migrants remitted to their origin households. We observe network effects: Migrants’ likelihood of remitting increases with the number of remitters in the household and with the share of remitters in the village, net of village and year fixed effects, and other potential confounders. We link the former pattern to inheritance-seeking behavior in the household, and the latter to shared norms in the village.
Language representation and processes in bilingual memory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The presented work in this dissertation focusses on different kinds of representations in bilingual memory, using the priming method as a promising tool to investigate cross-linguistic interactions. The first two empirical chapters (Chapter 2 and 3) mainly investigate semantic representations across languages, but also investigate how a word’s lexical representation in the first or the second language (in this case, its orthographic code in the lexicon) accesses its/their meaning. Chapter 2 will solely rely on behavioral measures of bilingual word recognition, whereas in Chapter 3 also electrophysiological measures will be included. The third empirical chapter (Chapter 4) has its main focus on how syntactic structures are represented across languages. In this last chapter, we also explored if and how lexical and syntactic representations interact across languages, in bilingual dialogue.
Performance of multiprocessors and parallel algorithms: Quicksort, a case study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Performance of parallel algorithms on multiprocessors has been traditionally analyzed by looking at either the algorithm or the architecture of the multiprocessor system. However, it is important to study the combined effect of both these factors in order to evaluate and predict performance. A different methodology based on approximate trace-driven simulation is adopted in this thesis to study the performance of a class of non-numerical algorithms. Performance of parallel quick-sort and parallel quick-merge sort is investigated in order to demonstrate the methodology as well as develop an understanding of the limitations imposed by a cache-based single bus environment on achievable speedup. A wide range of issues including the effect of cache parameters, coherency protocol, scheduling mechanisms and technology effects are discussed in the context of performance of the two versions of parallel quick-sort.
Once-daily aminoglycoside therapy: potential ototoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Current data indicate that once-daily aminoglycoside therapy is as efficacious as traditional multiple daily dosing and equally or less toxic. Our experience with once-daily gentamicin, 6 mg/kg of body weight led to a 10% (3 of 33 patients) occurrence of documented ototoxicity after prolonged aminoglycoside exposure.
Learning and Leverage Cycles in General Equilibrium: Theory and Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article develops and empirically tests a tractable general equilibrium model of corporate financing and investment dynamics in a trade-off economy where heterogeneous firms face unobservable disaster risk and engage in rational Bayesian learning. The model sheds light on leverage cycles. During periods absent disasters: equity premia decrease; credit spreads decrease; expected loss-given-default increases; and leverage ratios increase. Time-since-prior-disaster is the key model conditioning variable. In response to a disaster, risk premia increase while firms sharply reduce labor, capital and leverage, with response size increasing in time-since-prior-disasters. Firms with high bankruptcy costs are most responsive to the time-since-disaster variable. Disaster responses are more pronounced than in an otherwise equivalent economy featuring observed disaster risk. Empirical tests of novel corporate finance predictions are conducted. Consistent with the model, we find empirically that leverage and investment are increasing in time-since-prior-recessions, with the effect more pronounced for firms with low recovery ratios.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐(5‐ Deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyridine‐4‐carboxamide.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical and Photovoltaic Properties of Tetrapyrydilporphyrin Sandwich Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrical and photovoltaic effects observed with a thin film of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyrydil)21H,23H-porphine (TPyP) sandwiched between indium-tin oxide (ITO) and Al electrodes are explained in terms of the n-type semiconducting behaviour of the organic film and its formation of a blocking contact (Schottky barrier) with ITO. Under low forward bias (ITO electrode positive) Ohm's law is followed with a thermally-activated electron concentration of n0 ≈ 3 × 109 cm−3, an electron mobility μ0 ≈ 6 × 10−4 cm2/Vs, and a room temperature electrical conductivity σ0 ≈ 3 × 10−13 Ω−1 cm−1. At high applied voltage there is a space-charge-limited conductivity (SCLC) controlled by a single trap level. The derived trap level parameters are: the total trap concentration Nt, = 1.7 × 1014 cm−3 and the depth of the trap level Ec — Et = 0.78 eV. Under reverse bias currents are identified with Schottky emission over a potential barrier of approximate height 0.7 eV and thickness varying with temperature in the range (193 to 50) nm. At illumination through an ITO electrode with monochromatic light of 32 μ/cm2 at 440 nm, the typical cell parameters are determined. The action spectra are explained in agreement with the proposed energy band model for the ITO/TPyP/Al diodes. Les effets életriques et photovoltaiques observé avec une couche mince de TPyP place entre les deux électrodes du ITO et Al, sont expliquées par la conduction de type-n, au TPyP et par le fait que le couche de TPyP forme une barrière de Schottky avec ITO. Dans le régime des faibles tensions appliquées il y a une conduction ohmique avec la concentration des électrons n0 ≈ 3 × 109 cm−3, la mobilité μ0 ≈ 6 × 10−4 cm2/Vs et la conductibilité σ0 ≈ 3 × 10−13 Ω−1 cm−1. Dans le regime des fortes tensions appliquées il y un courant limité par la charge d'espace controlle par un seul niveau des trapes. Les paramètres des trapes sont: la concentration des trapes Nt = 1.7 × 1014 cm−3 et leur position dans la bande interdite du semiconducteur organique Ec — Et = 0.78 eV. Dans le régime des tensions appliquèes dans le sens inverse, le courant est limité par haute de 0.7 eV et l'épaisseur qui varries avec le température dans le domain (193 à 50) nm. Quand la cellule a été illuminé avec la lumière monochromatique de 32 μW/cm2 et 440 nm, les paramètres photovoltaiques ont été determiné. Les spectres d'action ont été expliqué avec l'aide du diagramme énergetique proposé pour les diodes ITO/TPyP/Al.
Haemolymphatic cancer among children in Sardinia, Italy: 1974–2003 incidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To explore the time trend and geographical distribution of childhood leukaemia incidence over the territory of the Italian region of Sardinia. Setting All hospitals departments, diagnostic centres and social security agencies in Sardinia were regularly screened in 1974–2003 to identify, register and review the diagnoses of incident cases of haematological malignancies (HM). Participants The whole child population aged 0–14 resident in Sardinia. Primary and secondary outcome measures Incidence and time trend of childhood HM and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) over the study period, and use of Bayesian methods to plot the probability of areas with excess incidence on the regional map. Results Overall, 675 HM cases, including 378 ALL cases, occurred among children aged 0–14 years resident in Sardinia in 1974–2003, with an incidence rate of 6.97×10 -5 (95% CI 6.47 to 7.51) and 3.85×10 -5 (95% CI 3.48 to 4.26), respectively. Incidence of HM and ALL showed an upward trend along the study period especially among females. Three communes out of the 356 existing in 1974, namely Ittiri, Villa San Pietro and Carbonia, stand out as areas with excess incidence of HM and ALL in particular and another, Carloforte, for ALL only. Conclusions Our results might serve as convincing arguments for extending the coverage of routine cancer registration over the whole Sardinian population, while prompting further research on the genetic and environmental determinants in the areas at risk.
Population Dynamics and Aspects of the Biology of Citrus Psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuw., in Maharashtra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Citrus greening disease has destroyed many flourishing citrus gardens in the State of Maharashtra, India.The psyllid vector of greening disease, Dkphorina citri Kuw., is of common occurrence in almost all the citrus orchards of this region.In addition to citrus, the psylla also infest and breed on M u m y a koenigii plants throughout the year.The population build-up of this vector is mainly related to the flushing rhythms of the plants.The maximum population on Mosambi sweet orange and citropsis (Citropsis schweinfurthii) is found in January and February, whereas the lowest population density occur from July to October following monsoon rains.The life span of the psylla depends on the plant species on which it breeds.