jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on Dynamic Surface Visualization Simulation Based on GPU

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the visual simulation of battlefield geographic environment, the realistic water surface effect can increase the reality of battlefield and enhance the immersion of training personnel, but the fluctuation of water body and the optical characteristics of water surface will also lead to the increase of algorithm complexity and the increase of data quantity, which will affect the fluency of the system. With the improvement of computer graphics hardware performance, in order to reduce the pressure of CPU, many complicated graphics computing has been transferred from CPU to GPU gradually. This chapter’s dynamic surface real-time rendering algorithm will make full use of the programmable characteristics of GPU and powerful computing power, the surface reflection refraction texture sampling, bump mapping, texture movement and other operations are put into the GPU, in order to ensure the surface fidelity, improve the rendering speed.
Good for a National Cemetery: Questions of Land Use and an 1888 Botanical Expedition across Northern Michigan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the second half of the nineteenth century, lumbermen logged the virgin pine forests of northern Michigan. The assumption was that the u plow would follow the axe, "and agriculture would dominate the region as it did in the southern half of the state. When farming did not quickly take root, William James Beai and Liberty Hyde Bailey led an expedition of scientists and journalists on a trip across northern Michigan in June 1888 to collect botanical samples, to find a site for a state forest reserve, and to recommend appropriate farming enterprises. This essay contends that without a key reforestation advocate in Charles Garfield the explorers focused too much on the questions related to botany and agriculture. While agriculture would ultimately thrive in some parts of the cutover, much of the region was unsuitable for intensive farming. The failure of the scientists to convey these limits adequately in newspaper articles and subsequent reports allowed for their work to be used by agricultural boosters throughout the region. The result was a cycle of erosion, fire, and farm abandonment that proved to be a political problem in Michigan for the first three decades of the twentieth century.
Constructive Algorithm to Two-Directional Biorthogonal Shortly Supported Wavelets with Poly-Scale Dilation Factor

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the notion of biorthogonal two-directional shortly supported wavelets with poly-scale is developed. A new method for designing two-directional biorthogonal wavelet packets is proposed and their properties is investigated by means of time-frequency analysis methodand, operator theory. The existence of shortly supported biorthogonal vector-valued wavelets associated with a pair of biorthogonal compactly supported vector-valued scaling functions is investigated. A new method for designing a class of biorthogonal shortly supported vector-valued wavelet functions is presented by using multiresolution analysis and matrix theory.
Oral infections and their influence on medical rehabilitation in kidney transplant patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infections seem to be the most common life-threatening complication of long-term immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplantation. Although sparse scientific evidence, potential oral infections are considered to contribute to these complications. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an association between oral infections and rejections after kidney transplantation. A group of 46 kidney transplant candidates was enrolled. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically for dental caries, periodontal disease, mucosal lesions/infections, and general oral health problems. Examinations were conducted the day before transplantation, and one year post transplantation. Fifteen (32.6%) patients developed acute rejections during the first year. Six of these patients (40%) presented with oral opportunistic infections (candida or herpes infections of the oral mucosa). The number of dental infections and semi-impacted teeth were low. When rejections were related to probing pocket depths (PPDs) > or = 4 mm and apical lesions together, statistical significance was not reached (p=0.075, OR=3.17 [0.87; 11.55]). Similar results were obtained when PPDs > or = 4 mm, apical lesions, semi-impacted teeth, and opportunistic mucosal infections were compared to rejections. The results of the present study do not support that opportunistic oral mucosal infections or dental-related infections seem to increase the risk of rejection in kidney transplanted patients.
Simulation of birdsong evolution using a parallel genetic algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. This paper applies nature inspired concepts and techniques from computer science, i.e. evolutionary computing, to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history of birdsong. Notes are created and evolved according to fitness criteria to produce accurate and recognizable birdsong notes. The successful parallel simulation that was produced for this study can provide an excellent framework for future experimentation to determine how and why birdsongs evolved.
Chandojnanam: A Sanskrit Meter Identification and Utilization System

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We present Chandojñānam, a web-based Sanskrit meter (Chanda) identification and utilization system. In addition to the core functionality of identifying meters, it sports a friendly user interface to display the scansion, which is a graphical representation of the metrical pattern. The system supports identification of meters from uploaded images by using optical character recognition (OCR) engines in the backend. It is also able to process entire text files at a time. The text can be processed in two modes, either by treating it as a list of individual lines, or as a collection of verses. When a line or a verse does not correspond exactly to a known meter, Chandojñānam is capable of finding fuzzy (i.e., approximate and close) matches based on sequence matching. This opens up the scope of a meter-based correction of erroneous digital corpora. The system is available for use at https://sanskrit.iitk.ac.in/jnanasangraha/chanda/, and the source code in the form of a Python library is made available at https://github.com/hrishikeshrt/chanda/.
Expression of serum CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 versus the detection of lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 in lung cancer, and the significance of combined determination of three tumor markers in the detection of lung cancer. Methods CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels in serum of 65 patients with lung cancer, 50 patients with benign lung diseases and 38 normal adults were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association of CYFRA21-1, NSE, and CEA level with the type of lung cancer in pathology were also studied. Results In comparison, the serum levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1 were increased more obviously in patients with lung cancer than that of patients with benign lung diseases and the normal adults (P<0.01). The levels of serum and the sensitivity of CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were related to pathology type. The sensitivity and specificity increased by combined measurement of CEA, NSE, and CYFRA21-1. Conclusion These findings suggest that the serum CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels is increased in patients with lung cancer, and the increasing extents is not same in lung cancer with different pathology types. CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 are significant in adjuvant diagnosis of lung cancer.

Key words:
tang neoplasms; Tumor marker, biological
Numerical analysis of the performance of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite heat spreader in thermal management of microelectronics assemblies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An inverse analysis approach combining numerical and experimental analyses has been utilised to determine the in-situ effective material properties of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) in a microelectronics test assembly. The approach adopted uses a Finite Element analysis package to determine temperature distribution over a thermal test assembly. A Virtual Design of Experiments approach is used to define a series of analyses with discrete thermal material properties which is used in conjunction with a particle swarm optimisation algorithm to form a response surface function relating temperature to material property values at a number of monitoring points. Experimental data is used to form an error metric which is subsequently minimised to determine effective material properties of the HOPG material. Subsequently a series of studies contrasting the performance of the HOPG material with common heat spreader materials were performed. Results show that the effective thermal property values of the HOPG material seem to be greater than suggested in existing literature and that the HOPG material reduces peak assembly temperatures by a significant amount.
Microsensors for the characterization of the insect gut environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Microorganisms establish a wide range of symbiotic associations with their insect host, encompassing mutualistic, parasitic and commensal relationships. Insect gut microbiota is involved in many essential aspects of the host biology, physiology and behaviour. Factors such as pH, oxygen availability, retention time of the food and host innate immune system are important determinants of the gut symbionts’ colonization. Deciphering the interactions that take place and shape the symbiosis is an intriguing topic that cannot exclude the characterization of the physicochemical conditions occurring in the insect gut niche. Microsensors and microelectrodes can be usefully employed to characterize the physicochemical conditions occurring in the insect intestine, allowing to gain a better knowledge of the gut microenvironment in which the gut microbiota thrives.
Defining the role of interferon signaling in mouse models of Down syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is caused by triplication of chromosome 21 (chr21) and is the most common chromosomal abnormality (1/700 live births). Our lab recently identified interferons (IFNs) as a core signaling pathway hyperactivated among diverse lineages of primary immune cells from individuals with DS. Notably, four of the six IFN receptor (IFNR) subunits for Types I, II, and III IFNs are encoded on chr21. Heightened IFN signaling in the disomic population is associated with developmental defects, cognitive impairments, and autoimmunity, a clinical profile highly similar to individuals with DS. However, the relationship between IFN signaling and such phenotypes has not been investigated in DS. We stimulated three different mouse models of DS with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, which potently induce interferon production. Both chronic and acute administration of TLR agonists caused lethal hyperresponsiveness only in the DS strain that harbors three copies of the IFNR locus. The resulting inflammation impacts multiple organ systems. This observation has profound implications for understanding how people with DS may differentially experience inflammation in response to infection during their lifetime. These studies represent the first steps in establishing a causative relationship between IFN signaling and DS-associated immune dysfunction to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving health outcomes in DS.
Bright expression of CD91 identifies highly activated human dendritic cells that can be expanded by defensins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary CD91 is a scavenger receptor expressed by different immune cells and its ligands defensins have been demonstrated to contribute to immune responses against infections and tumours. We previously demonstrated that CD91 is expressed on human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and that human defensins stimulate in vitro the activation of these cells. In this study, we observed that CD91 is expressed at different levels on two distinct moDC subsets: CD91 dim and CD91 bright moDCs. Although CD91 bright moDCs represented a small proportion of total moDCs, this subset showed higher levels of activation and maturation markers compared with CD91 dim moDCs. The frequency of CD91 bright moDCs increased by ~ 50% after in vitro stimulation with recombinant human neutrophil peptide‐1 ( rHNP ‐1) and recombinant human β defensin‐1 ( rHBD ‐1), while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation decreased it by ~ 35%. Both defensins up‐regulated moDC expression of CD80, CD40, CD83 and HLA‐DR, although to a lower extent compared with LPS. Notably, upon culture with rHNP ‐1 and rHBD ‐1, CD91 bright moDCs maintained their higher activation/maturation status, whereas this was lost upon culture with LPS. Our findings suggest that defensins promote the differentiation into activated CD91 bright DCs and may encourage the exploitation of the CD91/defensins axis as a novel therapeutic strategy to potentiate antimicrobial and anti‐tumour immune response.
Toxocariasis: A possible cause of the Palm Island mystery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toxocariasis may have been the cause of the outbreak of a hepatitis-like illness amongst residents of the Palm Island community in 1979. Baby fruit bats on the island were infected with Toxocara pteropodis, and many eggs of this worm were recovered from mangoes. The lifecycle of T. pteropodis is described and compared with that of T. canis. If T. pteropodis was responsible, the infection could be prevented by washing the mangoes before eating them.
Getting it right? Using aphasic naming errors to evaluate theoretical models of spoken word recognition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Different models of spoken word production make different predictions regarding the extent of effects of certain word properties on the output of that model. These predictions are examined with regard to the effect of these variables on the production of semantic and phonological errors by aphasic subjects. Thus the production of semantic errors is found to be affected by imageability and the production of phonological errors by word length, but not vice versa. It is argued that this pattern of variables affecting the production of semantic and phonological errors is better explained by models which require strictly sequential stage-by-stage processing (e.g. Levelt et al., 1991a; Morton, 1970; 1979) than by multi-layer perceptron (e.g. Plaut & Shallice, 1991; 1993) or interactive activation models (e.g. Dell, 1986; 1989).
Effects of Intermittent Anaerobic Exercise Trainings by a Bicycle Ergometer on the Hemodynamics in the Common Carotid Arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the acute effects of intermittent anaerobic exercise trainings by a bicycle ergometer on the hemodynamics in the common carotid arteries,ten male healthy young volunteers with age 20—30years old underwent a group of intermittent exercise trainings with the same workload on an anaerobic bicycle ergometer.At rest and right after the exercise trainings,the waveforms of arterial diameter and center-line velocity were measured in the right common carotid artery using a color Ultrasonic Doppler.The heart rate,the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were simultaneously measured in the brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer.All the measured data were analyzed based upon Womersely theory.Furthermore,a series of hemodynamic parameters, including arterial stiffness,flow rate,circumferential strain,shear stress and oscillatory shear index(OSI),were then calculated.The statistical results show that the heart rate and arterial stiffness increased after exercises while artery diameter significantly decreased.In one cardiac cycle,the maximum and mean center-line velocities and flow rates increased while the minimum velocity and flow rate decreased.The systolic,diastolic and mean blood pressure significantly increased.Significant change could be found in the circumferential strain,either.The maximum and mean shear stress enhanced significantly while the minimum shear stress reduced;the oscillatory shear index also increased.The results indicate that the intermittent anaerobic power bicycle trainings induce significant effects on the local hemodynamic parameters in the common carotid arteries,and acutely decrease the elastic characteristics of the common carotid artery.
Cutting simulations of high volume SiCp/Al composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cutting simulation may show the microcosmic deformation and damage of SiCp/Al composites under the condition of cutting process. In this paper, two dimension orthogonal cutting mechanical model was set as the finite element mode. Al matrix was set by the Johnson-Cook constitutive equation, SiC particle was set as a type of line elastic material which was isotropic. The influences of tool rake angle and cutting depth on cutting force and chips of SiCp/Al composites were studied by using ABAQUS simulation software. The simulation results show that the influences of tool rake angle and cutting depth on the cutting force are significant. Cutting force decreases obviously with the increasing of tool rake angle. Cutting force increases obviously with the increasing of cutting depth. SiC particle happens brittle fracture and Al matrix happens plastic deformation in the cutting processing.
Imaging Neuronal Activity with Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), which are based on chimeric fluorescent proteins, can be used to monitor calcium transients in living cells and organisms. Because they are encoded by DNA, GECIs can be delivered to the intact brain noninvasively and targeted to defined populations of neurons and specific subcellular compartments for long-term, repeated measurements in vivo. GECIs have improved iteratively and are becoming useful for imaging neural activity in vivo. Here we summarize extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence a GECI’s performance and provides guidelines for selecting the appropriate GECI for a given application. We also review recent progress in GECI design, optimization, and standardized testing protocols.
Nutritional efficiency of lucerne leaf protein as a source of -carotene in rat diets.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The efficiency of lucerne leaf protein as a source of Il-carotene in rat diets was studied. Both
in a 6-week growth experiment with male weanling rats and in another I8-day experiment on·
rehabilitation of male and female rats with early symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, the leaf
protein used as a Il-carotene supplement was found to be as good as synthetic Il-carotene at
comparable pigment levels.
Towards More Sustainable Sports: Analyzing the Travel Behavior of Adolescent Soccer Players in Southern Norway

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mitigating climate change is a global challenge demanding effort from all sectors, and sports are no exception. While transportation is one of the key issues regarding sustainable sports, the methods by which children and adolescents get to practice have not received much attention. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to present how adolescents in Southern Norway travel to soccer practice and assess how the mode of transportation is related to sex, socioeconomic status, age, ethnicity, and distance from home to practice. Cross-sectional data were collected from 558 adolescent soccer players (398 boys and 190 girls) representing 30 different clubs from settlements of varying rurality. While most of the participants lived within cycling distance from the field of practice, the majority opted for passive modes of transportation (55% passive vs. 45% active). A logistic regression analysis found that traveling distance and age were associated with active transportation habits, while sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were not. Further research is needed to examine the main barriers to active travel for this already active population, as active transport represents an opportunity for sports to become more sustainable.
Der Dozent [The Lecturer]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While on a daily train travel from the Sunshine Coast to Brisbane, Uwe Terton wrote an exciting novel playing in Australia. Inspired by incredible life stories of his international students, who came from all around the world to study in Australia, Uwe Terton wrote a colourful, multi-cultural novel that describes the life of a migrant in a biosphere that feels very strange to a middle European [Book Synopsis]
E-retailers'quality-based price discrimination strategies under multiple shipping options

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In e-commerce, shipping is bundled with the purchase of product, which allows e-retailers to create vertical quality differentiation by offering multiple shipping options with some amount of market power, so it is possible for online sellers to use quality-variant of the same basic product to segment the market of heterogeneous consumers. This paper tests quality-based price discrimination model using data on shipping schedules offered by e-retailers. The results indicate that the quality of a slow shipping option is significantly associated with prices of faster shipping options in consistent with prediction of the price discrimination model.
Confinement and fermion doubling problem in Dirac-like Hamiltonians

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the interplay between confinement and the fermion doubling\nproblem in Dirac-like Hamiltonians. Individually, both features are well known.\nFirst, simple electrostatic gates do not confine electrons due to the Klein\ntunneling. Second, a typical lattice discretization of the first-order\nderivative $k \\rightarrow -i\\partial_x$ skips the central point and allow\nspurious low-energy, highly oscillating solutions known as fermion doublers.\nWhile a no-go theorem states that the doublers cannot be eliminated without\nartificially breaking a symmetry, here we show that the symmetry broken by the\nWilson's mass approach is equivalent to the enforcement of hard-wall boundary\nconditions, thus making the no-go theorem irrelevant when confinement is\nforeseen. We illustrate our arguments by calculating the following: (i) the\nband structure and transport properties across thin films of the topological\ninsulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$, for which we use ab-initio density functional theory\ncalculations to justify the model; and (ii) the band structure of zigzag\ngraphene nanoribbons.\n
MC-RANSAC: A Pre-processing Model for RANSAC using Monte Carlo method implemented on a GPU

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

RANSAC is a repeating hypothesize-and-verify procedure for parameter estimation and filtering of noise or outlier data. In the traditional approach, this algorithm is evaluated without any prior information on the set of data points which leads to an increase in the number of iterations and compute time. In this paper, we present a GPU based RANSAC algorithm with pre-processing of the assumed sample set of hypothetical inliers by Monte Carlo method. Based on our implementation and results using the Point Cloud Library and NVIDIA CUDA framework for data intensive tasks we obtain significant improvement in the performance of plane segmentation algorithm over the randomly sampled subset of hypothetical inliers. The final consensus set is formed with less number of iterations using our pre-processing model. We can conclude that a pre-processed sample set of hypothetical inliers results in a faster determination of the consensus set consisting of maximum inliers.