jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Paleosecular variation of brunhes age lava flows from British Columbia, Canada

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Brunhes age lava flows have been sampled for paleosecular variation studies from several volcanic fields of southern British Columbia (Silverthrone, Garibaldi Lake, Mt. Meager, Clearwater‐Wells Gray Park and Kelowna area). A total of 52 lava flows were sampled and 7 to 10 samples were drilled at each site. Previous radiometric studies indicate that the ages of these lava flows range from 2.3 to 760 Ka. Stepwise thermal demagnetization (14 to 21 steps) was carried out for all the samples in each site and AF demagnetization was performed on one sample per site. Forty‐five sites were selected based on rigorous criteria (α 95 ≤ 5°) to calculate a mean direction (D = 356.9°, I = 70.2°, α 95 = 2.8°) that is statistically indistinguishable from the direction of the dipole field at the area (I = 68.3°). Virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) do not show the far‐sided effect and the angular standard deviation is 17.5°, a value in agreement with the paleomagnetic field dispersion for that latitude. These high quality results are expected to improve the time averaged field (TAF) and secular variation models.
Analysis of Crystallographic Orientation of Elongated β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Particles in <i>In Situ</i> Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Composite by Electron Back Scattered Diffraction Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) method was applied to examine the crystallographic orientation of ceramics, microstructure on a large scale. This method is given in altermotive to transmission electron microscopy, which gives information limited to a narrow portion of the specimen. To prove that the EBSD method can be applied to analyze the crystallographic orientation of ceramics, we have verified the crystallographic orientation of single crystal ceramics of cubic and corundum structures using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with an orientation imaging microscopy analysis device. Then, also the crystallographic orientation of in situ Si3N4 composite was analyzed by the EBSD method. Results of the EBSD characterization showed that in Si3N4 ceramics of hexagonal structure the elongated Si3N4 particles grew in the alignment direction of seed grains. The growth direction and the side planes of the elongated Si3N4 particles were influenced by both the alignment of seed grains and by the hotpressing pressure.
Enhanced neuronal regeneration by the combination of cannabidiol (CBD) with CB1 and CB2 antagonists following peripheral nerve axotomy.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that cannabidiol (CBD) is neuroprotective following peripheral axotomy.Nevertheless, the role of endogenous cannabinoid receptors has not been investigated, what may in turn enhance the therapeutic use of substances derived from Cannabis.We show herein that CBD treatment following axotomy downregulates vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT-1) and growth associated protein (GAP-43) expression.Such effect is reversed by the application of CB1 and CB2 antagonists, indicating that endogenous cannabinoid receptors are involved in the regenerative response to injury.Interestingly, motor function recovery was improved with the selective combination of CBD and receptor antagonists.The findings of the present work may be used to improve the effects of cannabinoid treatment following nervous system lesion, what may in turn enhance translational medicine application.
Magnetically driven nanoparticles: 18FDG‐radiolabelling and positron emission tomography biodistribution study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have received increasing interest as contrast media in biomedical imaging and innovative therapeutic tools, in particular for loco‐regional ablative treatments and drug delivery. The future of therapeutic applications would strongly benefit from improving the capability of the nanostructured constructs to reach the selected target, in particular beyond the intravascular space. Besides the decoration of SPIONs surface with ad hoc bioactive molecules, external magnetic fields are in principle able to remotely influence SPIONs’ physiological biodistribution and concentrate them to a specific anatomical region or portion of a tissue. The reduction of SPIONs administered to the body and the need for defining the effective SPIONs local concentration suggest that PET/CT may be a method to quantitatively detect the nanoparticles accumulation in vivo at low concentration and assess their tridimensional distribution in response to an external magnetic field and in relation to the local anatomy highlighted by CT imaging. Here, we report on the possibility to assess the spatial distribution of magnetically‐driven radiolabelled SPIONs in a peripheral tissue (mouse thigh) with microPET/CT imaging. To this aim we labelled SPIONs using 18 F‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose as a synthon, by chemoselective oxime formation between its open‐chain tautomer and nanoparticle amino‐groups, and employed microPET/CT imaging to measure the radiolabelled construct biodistribution in a small animal model, following intravenous administration, with and without the application of a permanent magnet onto the skin. The in vivo and ex vivo results showed that micro‐PET/CT was able to demonstrate the localizing action of the magnet on SPIONs and provide information, in a multimodal 3D data set, about SPIONs biodistribution taking into account the local anatomy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of impairing substances in blood and oral fluid of drivers: Implications for policy and practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: This research aims to synthesize the findings of the Louisiana Oral Fluid Pilot Program and to evaluate the implications of poly-drug use in drug-impaired driving (DUID) cases. It also examines the effectiveness of evidentiary oral fluid (EOF) testing as an alternative to traditional evidence collection methods, the impact of “stop-testing” protocols on DUID data reporting, the technology needed to perform this testing, and overall legal considerations for states considering the adoption of this methodology. Methods: This research occurred in two separate events, first a preliminary training event that aimed to assess the effectiveness of EOF alongside drug recognition expert (DRE) evaluations in identifying impairment of 20 individuals arrested and booked at a county jail. The second event served as the formal pilot program, which spanned over six months in 2023 resulting in the collection and analysis of 103 EOF samples from impaired drivers. The prevalence of poly-drug use, the effectiveness of EOF testing, and the combination of substances used are quantified and the effectiveness of EOF testing as an alternative or complementary specimen to blood is evaluated. The impact of stop-testing protocols on the reporting and detection of relevant data in DUID cases is also assessed. Results: This research revealed a high frequency of poly-drug use (48.5%) in DUID cases. The combination of ethanol and other drugs is common, and the prevalence of ethanol detection raises concerns about impaired driving. The findings support using EOF as a viable alternative to traditional evidence collection methods, with EOF being collected approximately 38 minutes faster on average than blood samples. The research also shows that stop-testing protocols significantly affect the reporting and interpretation of DUID data, leading to the underreporting of drug involvement in DUID cases. Conclusion: This research contributes to the understanding of poly-drug use in DUID cases and the implications for safety and enforcement. It highlights the potential of oral fluid testing as a viable tool in DUID investigations and emphasizes the need to reevaluate stop-testing protocols to ensure comprehensive toxicological analysis. The findings provide valuable insights for oral fluid policy development and future research in the field of DUID.
After Modern Jazz: The Avant-Garde and Jazz Historiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After Modern Jazz rethinks the history of the jazz avant-garde in dialogue with aesthetic philosophy, critical theory, and African American history. It focuses on the conjuncture of the late 1960s and 1970s as a point from which to revise canonical narratives of jazz history, and connects music and aesthetics to the political economies of cultural production and the transnational politics of decolonization. Part I of the dissertation develops an ideology critique of jazz historiography, posing an explanation for the absence of 1970s experimentalism from jazz history in the unsymbolizable historical break of “1968”, and reframing the emergence and development of “jazz discourse” in the 20th century as a hegemonic struggle in which “jazz” knitted together contradictory ideological and racial projects. A reinterpretation of Theodor Adorno’s notorious attack on jazz suggests its continuing relevance for theorizing the conjunction of critical theory and improvisation. Part II of the dissertation analyzes several key musical and counter-ideological projects of the avant-garde from 1965-1977. The jazz panels of the mid-1960s were a public stage for the performance of a masculinist black-white political dialectic, and musician Archie Shepp’s politics of culture emerged within and against the silences and foreclosures of the historiography of slavery in the U.S. The jazz avant-garde displaced the American popular song as the raw material of jazz improvisation with a new constitutive outside: a variety of compositional languages and an undifferentiated field of “world music.” Amid the contradictory cultural politics of African decolonization and revolutionary movements, the performance of African American musicians at the 1969 Pan-African Festival of Arts and Culture in Algiers offers a perspective on transnational and diasporic cultural formation. Finally, the dissertation interprets the mid-1970s popularity of duo improvisation as an accommodation to the conditions imposed on artistic practice by an emerging regime of neoliberalism. While the improvisatory music made in the 1970s explore the sensory terrain of a politics that can oppose and resist neoliberalism, those resources for resistance are densely encoded within the music’s aesthetic project: the duo, along with other avant-garde musical aesthetics, constitute in Adorno’s terms a “self-unconscious historiography of their epoch.”
Remote response modes on the paced excitable C. elegans network

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In paced excitable systems, a traditional viewpoint on signal transmission is that an excitable pacing signal should propagate from the source to its excited neighbors in a sequential rule, which is known as the normal (SRM). However, in our present paper, by extensively exploring the response modes emerged on the , we found that, besides the normal SRM, a response mode that breaks the sequence rule and contains isolated excited clusters or even isolated excited nodes on the propagation path of the response structure can be detected. Such remote response nodes and clusters are excited discontinuously from the source node, forming the phenomenon of the (RRM). An (EDAA) is proposed to theoretically study the mechanism of the RRM, based on which key role played by the excited nodes possessing nonexcited upstream driving neighbors is confirmed in the formation of the RRM. We further verify the applicability and the universality of the EDAA in identifying the RRM on general paced excitable networks. These contributions are expected to shed light on the study of complex response modes in paced excitable systems and to have great impact in related topics. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). The function of ANS was studied in 20 patients with DM1 and 15 healthy controls. All subjects were investigated by a battery of six cardiovascular autonomic tests and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Only one patient had normal autonomic function. Two (10%) patients had mild, 10 (50%) moderate and 7 (35%) severe autonomic dysfunction. Thirteen (65%) patients had vagal and 4 (20%) sympathetic hyperactivity. Seven (35%) patients had vagal and 15 (75%) sympathetic dysfunction. Eighteen (90%) patients had orthostatic hypotension. The 24-hour time domain parameters of SDNN (SD of the NN interval) and total power were significantly lower in DM1 patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, other parameters of HRV, such as SDANN (SD of the mean NN, 5-minute interval), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) power and the LF/HF ratio were somewhat lower in patients with DM1 than in controls, but this was not statistically significant. There was no significant relationship between autonomic dysfunction and the severity of the disease or CTG repeat length. There was also no correlation between HRV and age. Our findings suggest that sympathetic dysfunction and vagal predominance may both occur in patients with DM1.
Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Monolithic TiO2 Nanowires Diode

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the structural and photochemical properties of a monolithic photochemical diode are discussed. The present structure is composed, from the top to the bottom, of a TiO2 nanowire layer, a TiO2 film, a Ti foil, and a porous layer made of Pt nanoparticles. The synthesis of the nanowires was simply carried out by Au-catalysed-assisted process; the effects of the annealing temperature and time were deeply investigated. Morphological and structural characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The analyses showed the rutile structure of the TiO2 nanowires. The photocatalytic properties were studied through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light irradiation. The nanowires induced an enhancement of the photo-degradation rate, compared to TiO2 in a bulk form, due to an increase in the surface area. Moreover, the presence of a nano-porous Pt layer deposited on the rear side of the samples provided a further increase in the MB degradation rate, related to the scavenging effect of Pt nanoparticles. The overall increment of the photo-activity, due to the nano-structuration of the TiO2 and to the presence of the Pt layer, resulted a factor 7, compared to the bulk reference. In addition, photovoltage measurements allowed to assess the effects of TiO2 nano-structuration and Pt nanoparticles on the electron accumulation.
Isolation of Anti-tuberculosis Agent from Korean Soils Containing Decayed Organic Materials

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tuberculosis is still one of the major threats to the health of mankind. Attempts to find suitable chemotherapeutic agents for tuberculosis date almost from the time that Koch (1, 2, 3) announced the discovery of the etiological agent of this disease. The earlier work has been reviewed by Long (3, 18). The modern chemotherapeutic era, however, began when Rich and Follis (3, 29) demonstrated that sulfa-nilamide exerted a light suppressive effect on the course of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Since that time, numerous investigators (1, 2, 4-14, 16-18, 29, 36, 39, 41-44) have attempted to find chemotherapeutic agents suitable for the treatment of tuberculosis. Their efforts have been rewarded by the discovery of streptomycin, P-aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid, and a variety of other clinically useful but less effective drugs (18). None of these, however, either alone or in combination achieve completely satisfactory therapeutic results because, in spite of intensive treatment, tuberble pacilli may persist in tissue or in lesions for long periods of time (2, 29). There is, therefore a real need for new eradicative drugs. The purpose of this work was to determine whether tubercular substances were present in a sample consisting of a mixture of soil and decayed animal tissue.
A Novel Approach of Requirements Prioritization Using Logarithmic Fuzzy Trapezoidal AHP for Enhancing Academic Library Service

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Requirements prioritization techniques are very useful to rank the requirements as per their priority of order. The existing approaches for solving the prioritization problem are complex in fuzzy environment. TFAHP (Trapezoidal Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process) based on FPA (Fuzzy Preference Approach) and Extent Analysis (EA) is a very appropriate methodology for requirement prioritization used to enhance `Academic Library Services' [30]. Academic library services play very important role in upgrading a college's superiority. Fuzzy preference approach (FPA) and extent analysis (EA) based nonlinear techniques are efficient but create many issues like ambiguity, time complexity, scalability, provides negative degree of membership function, inconsistency and generates many non uniqueness optimal solution in fuzzy environment. In this research we proposed a novel technique based on Multiple Criteria Decision Making(MCDM) for prioritization of requirements called `Logarithmic Fuzzy Trapezoidal AHP (LFTAHP)' to overcome the limitations of existing techniques for educational library benefit assessment and to decrease vulnerability in decision-making. A case study adopted from Quang Hung Do et al [17] using Logarithmic Fuzzy Trapezoidal AHP (analytic hierarchy process) to be `best academic library' granting the highest satisfaction to the students and researchers in college/university. This research work may fill in as an mechanism for academic managers of advanced education organizations in enhancing the educational quality level
COMAPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE PALYNOLOGICAL PREPARATION TECHNIQUES

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Comparative study of three palynological preparation techniques was carried out on six samples obtained from the middle and lower Benue trough. The six samples of palynomorph-rich Cretaceous shales and clays from the middle and lower Benue trough of Nigeria were quantitatively prepared using the traditional hydrofluoric acid based palynological preparation and two non-acid techniques. The palynomorph assemblages extracted were thoroughly counted. This investigation was able assess the relative effectiveness of the two non-acid techniques. This approach identify any biases, in terms of absolute numbers of palynomorphs and diversity, inherent with the (NaPO3)6and H2O2 preparation techniques. The H2O2 technique proved to be significantly less effective, at approximately 18% of the extraction level of salt digestion which appears to be largely due to oxidation, while the HF digestion proved to be approximately 69% of the extraction level of the salt digestion. Hydrogen peroxide is an aggressive oxidant. However, the H2O2 technique may be useful in breaking down more indurated lithotypes, and can be used in isolation or in combination with the (NaPO3)6 method. Therefore the (NaPO3)6 technique is deemed to be the safest and most effective of the three methods. It is evident that the (NaPO3)6 protocol is a viable alternative to acid digestion. Furthermore, it is safer, quicker to prepare and environmentally friendly.
Distinct AggregationBehavior of N‑Terminally Truncated Aβ4–42 OverAβ1–42 in the Presence of Zn(II)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and metal ions within senile plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among the modifications observed in Aβ peptides, N-terminal truncation at Phe4, yielding Aβ4–x, is highly prevalent in AD-affected brains and significantly alters Aβ’s metal-binding and aggregation profiles. Despite the abundance of Zn(II) in senile plaques, its impact on the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ4–x remains unexplored. Here, we report the distinct aggregation behavior of N-terminally truncated Aβ, specifically Aβ4–42, in the absence and presence of either Zn(II), Aβ seeds, or both, and compare it to that of full-length Aβ1–42. Our findings reveal notable differences in the aggregation profiles of Aβ4–42 and Aβ1–42, largely influenced by their different Zn(II)-binding properties. These results provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the distinct aggregation behavior of truncated and full-length Aβ in the presence of Zn(II), contributing to a deeper understanding of AD pathology.
Parasitic Media

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE AVANT-GARDE FLOURISHED IN A TIME when the distribution of mass-produced visual material exploded. This development began with the invention of photography in the nineteenth century by the French inventor Nicéphore Niépce and the French artist and physicist Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre. It was continued through the chronophotographic instruments of the French physiologist Étienne-Jules Marey and the British American photographer Eadweard Muybridge for recording movements, and found its mass media distribution through the cinema and modern illustrated journals. As the media theorist Friedrich Kittler pointed out, photography enabled this new, modern culture of visuality, because it was the first medium to store visual data and to make it transmissible.1 Visual material, as Walter Benjamin highlighted in his artwork essay, could now not only be stored but also taken from its context and reproduced independent of its origin.2 Paul Virilio emphasized that this mobility of the image coincided with a military mobilization of optical media and that the increasing presence of cameras produced and extended the surveillance of the battlefield as well as the society as a whole.3
Sequence-specific photoinduced c-fos gene damage mediated by triple stranded-forming oligonucleotide conjugated to psoralen

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A psoralen-oligonucleotide conjugate was designed to photoinduce a cross-link at a specific sequence of c-fos oncogene. Psoralen was attached to its C-3 position of a 20-base mer oligonucleotide, which binds to a synthetic 49 bp duplex containing the c-fos gene polypurine site, where it forms a triple stranded DNA. Upon near-UV-irradiation, the two strand of DNA are crosslinked at the TpA step present at the triple-duplex junction. Results show that the yield of the photoinduce cross- linking reaction is quite high. We treated HeLa cells with above 2-mer oligonucleotide conjugated to psoralen. The expression of c-fos oncogene was significant reduced, no significant effect on the level of c-myc mRNA. These data indicate that such psoralen- oligonucleotide conjugates could be used to selectively control gene expression or to induce sequence-specific damages.