jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Absence of Kernicterus in Low-Birth-Weight Infants From 1971 Through 1976: Comparison With Findings in 1966 and 1967

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review of 34 autopsied infants weighing 2,250 gm or less who died on the third to seventh days of life during the six-year period from 1971 through 1976 failed to reveal any cases of kernicterus. This contrasts with an incidence of 64% in low-birth-weight infants selected in the same manner from the same neonatal intensive care unit-premature center during the period 1966 and 1967. The 34 infants in the 1971-1976 series were not significantly different with regard to their birth weights, Apgar scores, perinatal complications, or pathologic findings, other than their lack of kernicterus, from the 14 infants in the 1966-1967 series. The only significant difference between these two groups of infants was a lower mean peak serum bilirubin concentration in the 1971-1976 series, corresponding with the establishment in 1970 of a more aggressive policy of exchange transfusion and phototherapy. The prevention of excessive hyperbilirubinemia along with the development of more sophisticated intensive care of the neonate in recent years may be responsible for the elimination of kernicterus in the 1971-1976 series of infants.
Variations in alpha-2-HS glycoprotein level in neoplastic disease with and without involvement of bone.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Variations in the serum level of alpha-HS-glycoprotein may be observed in all pathological conditions which induce changes in bone turn-over, as well as in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. This study includes 162 patients divided into four groups according to the TNM classification (tumour, lymph node metastasis). The first consisted of patients with neoplasms at TNM stages 1 and 2 with no bone metastases; the second of similar patients at TNM stages 3 and 4. The third group were patients with primary or secondary neoplasms of bone, and the fourth were patients with viral or bacterial diseases. The levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein serum were determined for all the groups and these were compared with AAG (alpha-1-glycoprotein) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen). There were no significant differences in the levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein for the first group as compared with normal controls, while in the other groups the differences were significant. The levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein were diminished when the levels of CEA and AAG were both high, but increased when only one of these other parameters was high.
Research assessment using a narrow definition of “research quality” is an act of gatekeeping: A comment on Gärtner et al (2022)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Gärtner et al. (2022) propose a system for quantitatively scoring the methodological rigour of papers during the hiring and promotion of psychology researchers, with the aim of advantaging researchers who conduct open, reproducible work. However, the quality criteria proposed for assessing methodological rigour are drawn from a narrow post-positivist paradigm of quantitative, confirmatory research conducted from an epistemology of scientific realism. This means that research conducted from a variety of other approaches, including constructivist, qualitative research, becomes structurally disadvantaged under the new system. The implications of this for particular fields, demographics of researcher, and the future of the discipline of psychology are discussed.
Modelling of Heat and Moisture Loss Through NBC Ensembles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report summarizes work done to model the heat and moisture transport through various NBC clothing ensembles. The analysis involves simplifying the three dimensional physical problem of clothing on a person to that of a one dimensional problem of flow through parallel layers of clothing and air. Body temperatures are calculated based on prescribed work rates, ambient conditions and clothing properties. Sweat response and respiration rates are estimated based on empirical data to provide appropriate boundary conditions at the skin. Core and skin temperatures are calculated during the analysis and reported as functions of time for four different clothing ensembles. Evaporative heat loss was found to be the dominant heat loss mechanism. Estimates of the rate of sweat evaporation through the clothing ensembles is made. The predicted temperature responses, although not exact, are comparable to results from physiological experiments but somewhat lower. Work tolerance times were predicted to be longer than that found experimentally.
A Hybrid Modeling Approach Combining Machine Learning and Physical Phenomenological Methods to Predict Highly Transient Engine Emissions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Climate change has made low-emission propulsion technologies an increasingly important focus of development. Battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), which operate locally emission-free and offer high overall efficiency, are one possible solution. However, they are limited by charging infrastructure and comparatively short ranges in the compact and midsize segments. Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) can mitigate these disadvantages and can reduce fuel consumption and emissions relative to purely internal-combustion-engine vehicles.Full exploitation of these benefits requires dedicated operating strategies that can be developed efficiently in simulation environments—provided that precise models of the vehicle subsystems and the environment are available. This work investigates various approaches for modeling emissions during highly transient engine operation, with an emphasis on forecasting emissions under real-driving conditions. Purely physics-based models are computationally expensive and lose fidelity during transients, whereas purely data-driven models require large, carefully curated data sets. Accordingly, this paper proposes a single hybrid architecture that combines a physical-phenomenological combustion/emission model with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network through a lightweight gray-box fusion layer.Machine-learning methods outperform the physical-phenomenological model in dynamic scenarios, achieving an RMSE of 0.0401 in test cycles. The model is therefore suitable for real-time control and optimization tasks. The parallel hybrid model further improves this result by approximately 25%, demonstrating that a data-based model can be enhanced with physical information without increasing the training effort.
Emergent Behaviors over Signed Random Networks in Dynamical Environments

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study asymptotic dynamical patterns that emerge among a set of nodes that interact in a dynamically evolving signed random network. Node interactions take place at random on a sequence of deterministic signed graphs. Each node receives positive or negative recommendations from its neighbors depending on the sign of the interaction arcs, and updates its state accordingly. Positive recommendations follow the standard consensus update while two types of negative recommendations, each modeling a different type of antagonistic or malicious interaction, are considered. Nodes may weigh positive and negative recommendations differently, and random processes are introduced to model the time-varying attention that nodes pay to the positive and negative recommendations. Various conditions for almost sure convergence, divergence, and clustering of the node states are established. Some fundamental similarities and differences are established for the two notions of negative recommendations.
Quality here, there and everywhere: the application of a multi-dimensional learning tool to learning disability health services.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The following paper examines the applicability of Maxwell's Multi-dimensional Quality Evaluation model to community learning disability health services. The model defines seven dimensions against which the quality of any given service can be measured: effectiveness, efficiency, economy, equity, access to services, appropriateness and social acceptability. A number of examples in relation to community learning disability services are discussed.
Influence of (Ni81Fe19)100−xCrx seed layer on structure and magnetic properties of NiFe/PtMn bilayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Influence of (Ni81Fe19)100−xCrx seed layer on structure and magnetic properties of NiFe/PtMn bilayers was systemically investigated by magnetic measurements and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the pinning field Hex of NiFe/PtMn bilayers has a strong correlation with the Cr content of (Ni81Fe19)100−xCrx seed layer, which can effectively influence grain size, crystal texture, and L10 ordering phase transformation of PtMn. When the Cr content is 40%, PtMn shows strong (111) texture and large grain size, but the L10 ordering phase transformation is weak after annealing, which resulting in a low pinning field Hex. When the Cr content is 34% and 50%, PtMn has weak (111) texture and small grain size, but these are in favor of the L10 ordering phase transformation after annealing, resulting in a high pinning field Hex.
The Encultured Brain: An Introduction to Neuroanthropology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The brain and the nervous system are our most cultural organs. Our nervous system is especially immature at birth, our brain disproportionately small in relation to its adult size and open to cultural sculpting at multiple levels. Recognizing this, the new field of neuroanthropology places the brain at the center of discussions about human nature and culture. Anthropology offers brain science more robust accounts of enculturation to explain observable difference in brain function; neuroscience offers anthropology evidence of neuroplasticity's role in social and cultural dynamics. This book provides a foundational text for neuroanthropology, offering basic concepts and case studies at the intersection of brain and culture. After an overview of the field and background information on recent research in biology, a series of case studies demonstrate neuroanthropology in practice. Contributors first focus on capabilities and skills -- including memory in medical practice, skill acquisition in martial arts, and the role of humor in coping with breast cancer treatment and recovery -- then report on problems and pathologies that range from post-traumatic stress disorder among veterans to smoking as a part of college social life. ContributorsMauro C. Balieiro, Kathryn Bouskill, Rachel S. Brezis, Benjamin Campbell, Greg Downey, Jose Ernesto dos Santos, William W. Dressler, Erin P. Finley, Agustin Fuentes, M. Cameron Hay, Daniel H. Lende, Katherine C. MacKinnon, Katja Pettinen, Peter G. Stromberg
OUTC-11. RACE AND AGE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ICD-10 DIAGNOSES IN THE POST-OPERATIVE PERIOD FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS UNDERGOING NEUROSURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Disparities in pediatric cancer care and outcomes are known to exist. This work evaluates the relationship of race, ethnicity, and social determinants of health (SDoH) on the post-operative neurosurgical course of pediatric neuro-oncology patients in a single-institution. METHODS Retrospective data were collected on patients undergoing initial neurosurgery for a primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor between May 2011 and April 2021. Newly attributed ICD-10 codes in the 30-day post-operative period were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics, geographic region of residence, and insurance type. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between covariates and 30-day readmission as well as ICD-10 diagnoses that can complicate the postoperative course including cardiac/respiratory, bleeding, infection, wound, hardware implantation, and neurologic conditions. Linear regression was used to measure association of covariates and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS A total of 836 patients, median age 10.0 years, were included (n=368 females, 44%). Patients were predominantly white (69%) and non-Hispanic/Latino (88%). White (OR [95% CI] 0.55 [0.33,0.90], p=0.02), Native American/Indian (0.25 [0.07,0.89], p=0.03), and multiracial (0.24 [0.08,0.68], p=0.01) patients were significantly less likely to have new ICD-10 codes compared to Black patients. White patients trended toward shorter LOS (p=0.06) compared to Black patients. Younger patients were significantly more likely to have newly reported ICD-10 codes (0.95 [0.92,0.97], p&lt;0.001), increased LOS (r=-0.59 [-0.87,-0.32], p&lt;0.001), and 30-day readmission (0.81 [0.72,0.89], p&lt;0.001). Sex, ethnicity, insurance type, and region had no significant association with outcomes. Income level analyses are ongoing. CONCLUSION Non-black patients were less likely to have new ICD-10 diagnoses reported after surgery for primary CNS tumors. Older age was a protective factor against new post-operative diagnoses, increased LOS, and mortality. More research is necessary to understand the relationship between race, ethnicity, SDoH and post-operative risk including possible mechanisms of interaction across variables.
Picard groupoids and $Γ$-categories

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we construct a symmetric monoidal closed model category of coherently commutative Picard groupoids. We construct another model category structure on the category of (small) permutative categories whose fibrant objects are (permutative) Picard groupoids. The main result is that the Segal's nerve functor induces a Quillen equivalence between the two aforementioned model categories. Our main result implies the classical result that Picard groupoids model stable homotopy one-types.
Surveillance of indicator animals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Situation-based surveillance: Adapting investigations to actual epidemic situations Thulke et al. (2009) Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(4), pp. 1089–1103 Thulke et al. 2009 Development of harmonised schemes for monitoring and reporting of rabies in animals in the European Union. SCIENTIFIC REPORT submitted to EFSA Cliquet et al. (2010) Cliquet et al. (2010)
Effect of Balance Training on Postural Analysis of Patients suffering from Balance Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Postural stability assessment is an important task that has found widespread medical and therapeutic applications. Typically, balance measurement systems are used for this purpose. The quantitative score of postural balance is very important in determining improvement of the patients suffering from balance disorder. Postural stability of humans is highly dependent on the position of centre of pressure of the body. The analysis of sway of a human body can be successfully done by studying oscillations of its centre of pressure. The distribution of foot pressure over different regions namely medial—lateral and anterior— posterior, governs the balance of the posture in both directions. Objective The aim of this study is to assess quantitative changes in the postural stability of patients suffering from balance disorders after providing them biofeedback based balance training. Materials and methods We used Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs) to sense the magnitude of forces acting at various points of both the feet. The centre of pressure is determined using the positions of various force points and magnitude of the force acting on them. The higher capability of the body to remain at that position implies higher postural stability and a lower power of sway. The force sensors produce signal proportional to the magnitude of the foot pressure. This signal after being collected by the Data Acquisition Board is fed to the system for calculating the centre of pressure and drawing a real time graph. Different algorithms are used to determine its mean position and compare the stability. The repeated analysis shows the amount of change in patient's postural behaviour, before and after the training. Results Until the publication of this research work, analysis of the data of 4 patients was performed. Post intervention trials resulted in higher scores of their postural performance. Hence, favourable results were obtained showing improvement in postural stability of the patients. Conclusion Wider variety of ataxia patients can be chosen to perform this assessment. The system is capable of determining a quantitative score of improvement of the postural stability and thus can be used to assess the postural performance of patients suffering from different postural disorders. How to cite this article Bari S, Saxena S, Sherwani K, Kumar N, Dhillon MS. Effect of Balance Training on Postural Analysis of Patients suffering from Balance Disorders: A Preliminary Report. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):170-174.
Unintentional fires caused by products that focus sunlight

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unintentional Fires Caused by Products that Focus Sunlight Objectives The ability of myriad and sundry transparent and reflective objects to set fires by focusing sunlight has likely known since before the dawn of recorded history and was cited nearly 2500 years ago by Aristophanes. Yet modern generations greet this phenomenon with awe and bewilderment. Over the past decade product recalls, news stories and lawsuits have focused concern on domestic and wildfires set by such seemingly diverse objects as balls, garden ornaments, water bottles, dog bowls and lucky charms. No published safety standards or guidelines so much as mention this rara avis. We address it from historical and engineering perspectives and provide guidance on its assessment. Materials and Methods Recalled and historical products are reviewed. Fire prevention standards and literature involving radiant ignition are examined, as are terrestrial solar irradiance data. Relevant information from imaging and non-imaging optics is cited. Heat transfer variations between large and small irradiated areas are explained. Results of experiments with consumer products are presented. Results Methods of recognising, assessing and minimising hazards of accidental fires from sunlight focused by transparent and reflected objects are discussed. Discussion Understanding the radiometric characteristics of sunlight and focusing properties of transparent and reflective consumer products enables product designers to avoid unintentional fires.
Experimental performance of double-scattering Compton camera with anthropomorphic phantom

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In proton therapy, it is important to very accurately determine the range of the proton beam. Recently it was found that this range can be determined from the distribution of the prompt gammas generated along the beam's passage. The Compton imaging technique can be considered to be a promising candidate for accurate determination of prompt gamma distributions, in that it produces a better image for higher-energy gammas when compared with conventional mechanical-collimation-type imagers. In the present study, the Compton imaging technique was evaluated by experimentally obtaining Compton images of relatively high-energy gamma sources positioned in an anthropomorphic phantom. Preparatory to that, two point-like gamma sources, 137Cs (662 keV) and 22Na (1275 keV), were placed in the brain region of the phantom at different depths and imaged using a double-scattering Compton camera. The Compton camera, recently developed as a prototype system, consists of two position-sensitive semiconductor detectors as scatterer detectors and a scintillation detector as an absorber detector. The evaluated imaging and angular resolutions for the source energies of 662 and 1275 keV were 13.7 mm and 5.9° FWHM and 11.4 mm and 3.8° FWHM, respectively.
Tescalcin, a Novel Gene Encoding a Putative EF-Hand Ca2+-Binding Protein, Col9a3, and Renin Are Expressed in the Mouse Testis during the Early Stages of Gonadal Differentiation**This work was supported in part by the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Miami School of Medicine.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To identify genes that are differentially expressed in the developing testis we used representational difference analysis of complementary DNA from gonads of mouse embryos at 13.5 days postcoitum (dpc). Three genes were identified. One of them was a novel gene termed tescalcin that encoded a putative EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein. The open reading frame consisted of 642 nucleotides encoding a protein with 214 amino acids. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed an N:-myristoylation motif and several phosphorylation sites in addition to an EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding domain. TESCALCIN: messenger RNA (mRNA) was present in fetal testis, but not in ovary or mesonephros, and was restricted to the testicular cords. Its expression was first detected in the male gonad at 11.5 dpc and demonstrated a pattern consistent with a role in the testis at the early stages of testis differentiation. Tescalcin is expressed in the testis of Kit(W/W-v) mice, indicating that it is not dependent on the presence of germ cells. The other two genes identified were collagen IX alpha3 (Col9a3) and RENIN: Col9a3 expression was present at low levels in male and female gonads at 11.5 dpc. Thereafter, it was markedly up-regulated in the male, but remained very low in the female. Expression of Col9a3 was restricted to testicular cords and was also detected in testis of Kit(W/W-v) mice. RENIN: mRNA was first detected in testis at 12.5 dpc, increased thereafter, and reached a peak at 16.5 dpc. RENIN: mRNA was localized in cells of the interstitium and cells at the border between the gonad and mesonephros. Expression of RENIN: in the ovary was not detected using standard conditions.
Megakaryocyte growth and development factor stimulates enhanced platelet recovery in mice after bone marrow transplantation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a recently characterized ligand for the cell surface receptor mpl. We have evaluated the effects of polyethylene glycollated recombinant human MGDF (PEG-rHuMGDF) on recovery of hematopoietic cells in mice following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to support lethal irradiation. Mice treated with PEG-rHuMGDF (50 micrograms/kg/d) had accelerated recovery of platelet numbers compared with BMT mice treated with carrier or recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF, 72 or 200 micrograms/kg/d). In contrast, PEG-rHuMGDF had no effect on white blood cell (WBC) or red blood cell (RBC) recovery. As previously reported, animals treated with rHuG-CSF had an enhanced recovery of WBC but not platelet or RBC levels. Interestingly, BMT receipient mice treated with the combination of PEG-rHuMGDF and rHuG-CSF showed simultaneous enhanced recovery of both leukocytes and platelets. PEGylated rHuMGDF was found to be considerably more potent than non- PEGylated rHuMGDF in this setting. PEG-rHuMGDF is an effective growth factor for enhancing platelet recovery in mice following BMT either alone or in combination with rHuG-CSF. It will be of interest to evaluate in a clinical setting the ratios of PEG-rHuMGDF and rHuG-CSF for simultaneous administration of these factors and accelerated recovery of both leukocytes and platelets.