Paraphlepsius

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Paraphlepsius spp. (Fig. 3 F–I) Description. Coloration brownish, color pattern consists of numerous dark brown specks; two longitudinal pale stripes in anterior part of body; abdomen with pale stripes near sides of tergites. Abdomen with pale longitudinally expanded setal areolae, lateral areolae with darkened margins; dark spots between median and lateral rows of setae near anterior margins of tergites. Head with two dark spots at apex. Face largely dark, with broad pale stripes along sutures. Legs with dark setal areolae. Notes. Nymphs of 3 unidentified species from Illinois (USA) were studied. Nymphs of P. altus (Osborn & Ball) were illustrated by Osborn and Ball (1898f), P. nebulosus (Van Duzee) by Osborn and Ball (1898f) and Osborn (1928), and P. irroratus (Say) by Osborn (1928, 1932). The preliminary key to tribes of immature Nearctic Deltocephalinae includes both native and introduced groups. An interactive key to tribes and subfamilies of Cicadellidae is also available from the web site (see Dmitriev 2003 onward). Preliminary key to Nearctic tribes of Deltocephalinae based on fifth instar nymphs 1. Crown-face transition carinate (Fig. 1A, F, 3A).......................................... 2 1’. Crown-face transition rounded or secondary flattened, with traces of original carina visible dorsally at anterolateral margins of acrometope (Fig. 2C, 4A)..... 9 2. Abdomen with longitudinal rows of macrochaetae (Fig. 2A)...................... 3 2’. Abdomen without macrochaetae, or with macrochaetae on last two tergites and pygofer only (Fig. 2B)......................................................................... 6 3(2). Abdomen with two lateral longitudinal rows of macrochaetae, tergites VII and VIII with additional macrochaetae in posterolateral corners. Nymphs green. (Introduced to Nearctic)................................................. Fieberiellini 3’. Abdomen with 4–6 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae throughout tergites III–VIII. (Fig. 1D, F). Nymphs of any color.............................................. 4 4(3). Pygofer only 1.5 times as long as preceding tergites (Fig. 2B). Face without median longitudinal carina. Crown as long as or usually longer than wide. Hind femur setal formula 2+1............................................. Stenometopiini 4’. Pygofer 2 times as long as preceding tergites or longer (Fig. 3A). Face usually with median longitudinal carina in upper part (Fig. 3B, C). Shape of crown variable. Hind femur setal formula variable................................................ 5 5(4). Abdomen with very short macrochaetae (about 1/5 as long as tergite length) (Fig. 3A).......................................................................... Pendarini trib. n. 5’. Abdomen with long macrochaetae (about as long as or longer than length of tergites) (Fig. 2A)................................................................... Scaphytopiini 6 (2). Hind tibia with platellae in distal pecten (Fig. 4D).................................... 7 6’. Hind tibia only with regular macrochaetae in distal pecten (Fig. 4E, F)..... 8 7(6). Anteclypeus tapering towards apex, strongly produced beyond maxillary plates (Fig. 4B). Forewing pads about 1.2 times as long as pterothorax medially. Hind femur setal formula 2+1. Brownish. (On Pinus)............................................................................................................Koebeliini: Koebeliina 7’. Anteclypeus parallel-sided or expanded towards apex, only slightly produced beyond maxillary plates (Fig. 2C). Forewing pads about 1.5 times as long as pterothorax medially. Hind femur setal formula 2+2+1. Yellowish, usually with two brown longitudinal stripes. (On grasses, mimic seeds)....... Cochlorhinini 8(6). Crown bend along median line. Pronotum with longitudinal carina. Abdomen without macrochaetae. Body strongly elongate.............. Dorycephalini 8’. Crown flat. Pronotum without longitudinal carina. Abdominal tergite VII with two macrochaetae at posterolateral corners and tergite VIII with 4 macrochaetae. Body not strongly elongate............................................. Hecalini 9(1). Apex of hind tibia with platellae (Fig. 4D)........... Macrostelini: Balcluthina 9’. Apex of hind tibia with regular macrochaetae only (Fig. 4E, F)................ 10 10(9). First hind tarsomere with platellae in ventral rows (Fig. 4D, E). Head usually significantly broader than pronotum........................................................ 11 10’. First hind tarsomere only with regular setae in ventral rows (Fig. 4F). Head usually not or only slightly broader than pronotum................................. 12 11(10). Anteclypeus tapering towards apex, strongly produced beyond maxillary plates (Fig. 4B). Abdomen with macrochaetae on last tergites only. (On Pinus sylvestris, introduced to Nearctic)................................Koebeliini: Grypotina 11’. Anteclypeus parallel-sided, only slightly produced beyond maxillary plates (Fig. 2C). Abdomen with 4 longitudinal rows of very short macrochaetae usually placed on small tubercles. (Introduced to Nearctic)............................................................................................................... Opsiini: Opsiina 12(10). Abdomen without macrochaetae, or with macrochaetae on pygofer only. Body very broad, usually only about 1.5 times as long as wide.. Penthimiini 12’. Abdomen with longitudinal rows of macrochaetae, or with macrochaetae at least on tergite VIII. Body more than 1.5 times as long as wide................ 13 13(12). Abdomen with 8 or more longitudinal rows of macrochaetae or with macrochaetae on last tergites only...................................................................... 14 13’. Abdomen with 2–6 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae............................ 19 14(13). Abdomen with macrochaetae on tergites VII, VIII and pygofer only........ 15 14’. Abdomen with numerous longitudinal rows of macrochaetae throughout tergites III–VIII and pygofer.................................................................... 18 15(14). Crown about as long as wide or longer................................ Chiasmini, part 15’. Crown distinctly wider than long............................................................. 16 16(15). Abdomen with macrochaetae on tergites VII and VIII. Forewing pads 1.5–2 times as long as pterothorax medially. Male gonapophyses significantly longer than wide (Fig. 4G). Epistomal suture more distinct than anterior border of acrometope........................................................ Macrostelini: Macrostelina 16’. Abdomen usually with macrochaetae on tergite VIII only. Forewing pads 1–1.5 times as long as pterothorax medially. Male gonapophyses about as long as wide (Fig. 4H). Epistomal suture usually indistinct, anterior border of acrometope usually visible........................................................................ 17 17(16). AD row of hind tibia with 6–7 macrochaetae. Coloration black and shiny or brownish with large black spots at upper part of face.............. Limotettigini 17’. AD row of hind tibia with 8 macrochaetae. Coloration variable; face without large black spots at upper part of face.................................. Athysanini, part 18(14). Abdomen with macrochaetae at anterolateral corners of tergites in addition to 8 macrochaetae at hind margin. Pygofer about 2 times as long as preceding tergites. Greenish. (Fig. 1C)..................................................... Acinopterini 18’. Abdomen without macrochaetae at anterolateral corners of tergites. Pygofer about 1.5 times as long as preceding tergites. Coloration variable............................................................................................................ Athysanini, part 19(13). Abdomen with 2 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae (usually with some additional macrochaetae on last segments)................................................... 20 19’. Abdomen with 4–6 longitudinal rows of macrochaetae............................ 21 20(19). Abdominal tergites V–VIII with macrochaetae at posterolateral corners. Crown wider than long, with rounded anterior margin. Face with black spots in upper part.............................................. Macrostelini: Macrostelina, part 20’. Only abdominal tergites VII–VIII with macrochaetae at posterolateral corners. Crown longer than wide, its anterior margin angulate. Face without black spots.......................................................................... Athysanini, part 21(19). Anterior seta in pecten of first hind tarsomere regular (Fig. 4F). Tergite VII often with 2 or 4 macrochaetae (macrochaetae of middle rows may absent)............................................................................................ Deltocephalini 21’. Anterior seta in pecten of first hind tarsomere platella, posterior seta or rarely several setae sometimes regular (Fig. 4D, E). Tergite VII with 2–6 macrochaetae.......................................................................................................... 22 22(21). Abdominal tergite VII with 2–4 macrochaetae......................................... 23 22’. Abdominal tergite VII with 6 macrochaetae............................................. 24 23(22). Anteclypeus parallel sided; about 1/4 of inner margin of lorum bordered by postclypeus. Male gonapophyses about as long as wide (Fig. 4H). (Introduced to Nearctic)..................................................... Opsiini: Circuliferina 23’. Anteclypeus expanded towards apex; about 2/5 of inner margin of l