jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling Occupational Stress and Well-Being as a Dynamic Phenomenon: It’s About Time

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Addressing occupational stress and fostering employee wellness helps meet a host of organizational stakeholder expectations including high quality of work life (employees), reasonable return on investment (investors), increased productivity (management), and competitiveness (owners). Despite being dynamic in nature, stress and wellness are often studied using a static perspective. One reason for the scarcity of dynamic empirical research is the limited knowledge and use of the tools available to assess change over time. To address this limitation, four tools used to assess change and dynamics of occupational stress and well-being are described: growth models, latent change score models, spectral analysis, and computational modeling. First, we begin by discussing growth curve models and then transition to latent change score models. We then expand into spectral analysis, a tool used to determine cycles of ups and downs that repeat regularly. Last, computational modeling is discussed, where computers and simulations are used to understand a dynamic process. For each tool, we give examples of how they have been used, make recommendations for future use, and provide readers with suggestions and references for how to complete analyses in software and programs, most of which are freely available (i.e., R, Vensim).
High-Speed Schlieren Imaging of Shock Waves for the Study of Tympanic Membrane’s Response

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The mechanics of tympanic membrane (TM) fractures resulting from exposure to high-pressure blasts are not yet fully understood. To investigate TM responses to such events, shock tubes can be utilized as loading devices. The effective use of these devices requires proper characterization. One appropriate method for visualizing the shock waves produced by a shock tube is high-speed Schlieren imaging, which can provide both qualitative and quantitative information. In this paper, we present a shock tube integrated with a high-speed Schlieren system and high-speed dynamic pressure transducers. The highspeed Schlieren system allowed us to observe the shock waves emitted from the shock tube and characterize the Mach number of each wave. The flow structures generated from the tube exit were identified and synchronization between Schlieren images and pressure data was achieved. The shock tube showed good repeatability and generated supersonic blasts capable of rupturing TM samples, with a shock Mach number of up to 1.4. The versatile and cost-effective nature of the shock tube opens new possibilities for understanding the real-time mechanics of TM fractures and investigating their dynamic response in the future, when even more sophisticated quantitative optical techniques will be used to investigate the TM’s behavior in these conditions.
MYELITIC AND MYELOPATHIC LESIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myelopathy due to extramedullary or intramedullary expanding lesions may lead to cavity formation—syringomyelia. Clinically, such cases are sometimes erroneously regarded as true syringomyelia. The myelopathic process and the secondary cavity formation may be due to: (1) destruction of tissue of the cord by an intramedullary tumor; (2) circulatory interference within the cord from compression of the intraspinal vessels by an intramedullary tumor, or (3) circulatory interference by direct compression of the cord and its vessels by thickened meninges or by an extramedullary neoplasm or by both. In some cases the pathologic process may be due to a combination of all these factors. This type of cavity formation in the cord is not to be confused with true syringomyelia, which is usually attributed to congenital developmental anomalies of the cord with dilatation of its central canal or to a central gliosis which may be due to nests of glia cells or
Simulation-Based Inference Benchmark for Weak Lensing Cosmology

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Standard cosmological analysis, which relies on two-point statistics, fails to extract the full information of the data. This limits our ability to constrain with precision cosmological parameters. Thus, recent years have seen a paradigm shift from analytical likelihood-based to simulation-based inference. However, such methods require a large number of costly simulations. We focus on full-field inference, considered the optimal form of inference. Our objective is to benchmark several ways of conducting full-field inference to gain insight into the number of simulations required for each method. We make a distinction between explicit and implicit full-field inference. Moreover, as it is crucial for explicit full-field inference to use a differentiable forward model, we aim to discuss the advantages of having this property for the implicit approach. We use the sbi_lens package which provides a fast and differentiable log-normal forward model. This forward model enables us to compare explicit and implicit full-field inference with and without gradient. The former is achieved by sampling the forward model through the No U-Turns sampler. The latter starts by compressing the data into sufficient statistics and uses the Neural Likelihood Estimation algorithm and the one augmented with gradient. We perform a full-field analysis on LSST Y10 like weak lensing simulated mass maps. We show that explicit and implicit full-field inference yield consistent constraints. Explicit inference requires 630 000 simulations with our particular sampler corresponding to 400 independent samples. Implicit inference requires a maximum of 101 000 simulations split into 100 000 simulations to build sufficient statistics (this number is not fine tuned) and 1 000 simulations to perform inference. Additionally, we show that our way of exploiting the gradients does not significantly help implicit inference.
Rare Earth Lanthanum Oxide of Manganese Slag Ceramic Related Physical Properties of Function

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: By adding rare earth lanthanum oxide on Zunyi area failed comprehensive utilization of manganese slag test, according to a certain proportion to make rare earth ceramics, understanding the effects of rare earth elements on firing, and the influence of the temperature of the compressive, flexural performance and bibulous rate test, the rare earth elements manganese residue to explore the influence of the ceramic certain performance. Sintering temperature from 1220 °C to 1135 °C with the increased amount of rare earth, when the rare earth content is 6% the compressive strength is highest, when the rare earth content is 10% the bending strength is the highest and the bibulous rate is the lowest. It has a guiding significance on the rare earth ceramic materials development in the future, at the same time, providing valuable research material for reducing the manganese slag pile.
Book review : "Carbon Capture and Storage Emerging Legal and Regulatory Issues" edited by Ian Havercroft, Richard Macrory, Richard B Stewart, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2011

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the international community struggles to find a cost-effective solution to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a project mechanism with the potential to assist in transitioning society towards its low carbon future. Being a politically attractive option, legal regimes to promote and approve CCS have proceeded at an accelerated pace in multiple jurisdictions including the European Union and Australia. This acceleration and emphasis on the swift commercial deployment of CCS projects has left the legal community in the undesirable position of having to advise on the strengths and weaknesses of the key features of these regimes once they have been passed and become operational. This is an area where environmental law principles are tested to their very limit. On the one hand, implementation of this new technology should proceed in a precautionary manner to avoid adverse impacts on the atmosphere, local community and broader environment. On the other hand, excessive regulatory restrictions will stifle innovation and act as a barrier to the swift deployment of CCS projects around the world. Finding the balance between precaution and innovation is no easy feat. This is an area where lawyers, academics, regulators and industry representatives can benefit from the sharing of collective experiences, both positive and negative, across the jurisdictions. This exemplary book appears to have been collated with this philosophy in mind and provides an insightful addition to the global dialogue on establishing effective national and international regimes for the implementation of CCS projects...
The 300m Eiffel Tower: the role of a structural principle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div>The Eiffel Tower has an iconic curved silhouette which was declared by the Tower’s designer, Gustave Eiffel, to have been determined by the pattern of wind loads acting on the Tower, using a structural principle. Adherence to this principle removed the need for cross-bracing to achieve stability, increasing the structure’s efficiency. When proposed, nothing equalling the Tower’s 300m height had ever been built and there was concern over whether wind loads at this height could be resisted, as well as the visual impact of the Tower. The principle was used to address both concerns, portraying the unusual profile as a technical necessity, rather than an aesthetic choice. However, cross-bracing has been used in the Tower’s top two-thirds, so the role of the principle in the Tower’s design isn’t completely clear. The analysis presented here demonstrates a lack of adherence to the principle in the initial proposals, a good adherence later on, but the final design shows a fundamental deviation from its use. Eiffel’s proclaimed use of the structural principle for reasons of structural efficiency can therefore be seen as a justification of the feasibility and aesthetics of the proposal, masking the uncertainties inherent in designing the tallest Tower at that time.</div>
GC-MS analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fixed oil from Cyphostemma digitatum leaves

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The current investigation was designed to explore the fixed oil derived from C. digitatum (leaves) and to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties for the first time. The fixed oil of C. digitatum was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using a GC-MS instrument. The analysis revealed the presence of 28 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Among these, methyl ester of linolenic acid was detected in the highest concentration at 3.594%, followed by methyl ester of linoleic acid at 2.422%, palmitic acid at 2.213%, and oleic acid at 1.933%. The antioxidant activity of the fixed oil was evaluated against the DPPH radical using various concentrations of the oil in comparison with vitamin C. At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the fixed oil exhibited a radical scavenging capacity of 67.574%. Additionally, the oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and B. subtilis. The findings from this study suggest that the fixed oil of C. digitatum (leaves) represents a promising source of antibacterial and antioxidant agents
Abstract 3775: Use of RLI-15 a clinical grade fusion protein with IL-15 superagonistic activity for the activation of anti-tumor immune response

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract RLI-15, a superagonist fusion protein of interleukin (IL)-15 and the IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) sushi+ domain represents a promising candidate for the induction of anti-tumor immunity. RLI-15 was designed to bypass the need of endogenous IL-15Rα, thereby leveraging the activity of IL-15 in vivo on target immune cells. RLI-15 stimulates the proliferation and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and memory CD8+ T cells with no significant expansion and activation of regulatory T cell compartment. RLI-15 was previously shown to exhibit a potent anti-metastatic activity in B16F10 melanoma and Renca renal cell carcinoma mouse models. RLI-15 also significantly delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival when combined with anti-PD1 therapy in CT26 and MC38 colon carcinoma models. Here, we report that the combination treatment with clinical-grade RLI-15 and an anti-PD1 antibody leads to a significant anti-tumor efficacy in a TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer mouse model with 70 % of mice remaining tumor free after the treatment. We evaluated the optimal schedule of such combination therapy to set the basis for the design of upcoming clinical trials. We further tested how the administration schedule affects the pharmacodynamics properties of clinical-grade RLI-15 and translates into the anti-tumor efficacy in metastatic Renca and CT26 mouse models. In cynomolgous monkeys, various schedules of administration of RLI-15 showed a dose-dependent expansion of peripheral blood lymphocytes, predominantly of NK cell and memory CD8+ T cell compartments. The toxicity in mice and cynomolgous monkeys was evaluated to determine the maximal tolerated dose of RLI-15. Furthermore, the activity of clinical-grade RLI-15 was tested in vitro on human PBMCs and the superiority over IL-2 and IL-15 stimulatory capacity has been confirmed. The complex analysis of RLI-15 behavior and of the induced anti-tumor immune response will be explored in the design of a planned Phase I clinical study in patients with both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Citation Format: Irena Adkins, Lenka Sadilkova, Nada Hradilova, Jakub Tomala, Barbora Tomalova, Marek Kovar, Romana Mikyskova, Milan Reinis, Guy de Martynoff, David Bechard, Ulrich Moebius, Radek Spisek. Use of RLI-15 a clinical grade fusion protein with IL-15 superagonistic activity for the activation of anti-tumor immune response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3775.
ICDM: An Encryption That Supports Unlimited Times Homomorphic Arithmetic Operations on Encrypted Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of cloud computing, privacy has become the key problem of cloud security. The homomorphic encryption is an ideal way to protect users' privacy in cloud computing. But some of the existing homomorphic encryption schemes have less usability, and some are inefficient. There lacks of practical homomorphic encryption schemes in cloud computing at present. CESVMC is a scheme supposed to solve the problem. CESVMC ensures that after calculating the user's encrypted data and returning the cipher result to user by the service provider, the user can decrypt the cipher result and get the right service result. But CESVMC only supports multiplication or division operation once. Meanwhile, to decrypt the cipher text, user needs to tell which type of operation has been done to the cipher text. All these constrain the usability of CESVMC in cloud computing. To solve these problems, an improved CESVMC (ICDM) is proposed. In encryption algorithm, the information of plaintext and the operation type are hidden in a diagonal matrix. Then the diagonal matrix is encrypted by using an invertible matrix as secret key. In decryption algorithm, ICDM chooses the right encryption method by reading the sign of the operation type without any manual interventions. Besides, the arithmetic operations on cipher text correspond to the arithmetic operations on matrix. Security analysis indicates ICDM is IND-CPA. And the experiments show ICDM can support unlimited times arithmetic operations homomorphically after partly lowering efficiency and adding the cipher text length. Thus, it can fit privacy-preserving in cloud computing better.
Whose money is it? Cattle production and household income allocation in Southern Veracruz, Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Several studies have shown that the introduction of cattle production in the Mexican tropics has had damaging environmental and social effects. However, women's experiences have been overlooked in these studies. By taking a collective approach to the household, this paper analyses the control that women exercise over the income resulting from cattle production in Encino Amarillo, a Nahua community located in Southern Veracruz, Mexico. It is shown that, even though half of the available land is covered with pasture for cattle, most town revenues come from sources other than cattle. Some women have developed their own income generating activities and have managed to influence decision-making processes regarding household expenditure.
Pre‐supplementary motor network connectivity and clinical outcome of magnetic stimulation in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract A large proportion of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) respond unsatisfactorily to pharmacological and psychological treatments. An alternative novel treatment for these patients is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This study aimed to investigate the underlying neural mechanism of rTMS treatment in OCD patients. A total of 37 patients with OCD were randomized to receive real or sham 1‐Hz rTMS (14 days, 30 min/day) over the right pre‐supplementary motor area (preSMA). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after rTMS treatment. The individualized target was defined by a personalized functional connectivity map of the subthalamic nucleus. After treatment, patients in the real group showed a better improvement in the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale than the sham group ( F 1,35 = 6.0, p = .019). To show the neural mechanism involved, we identified an “ ideal target connectivity ” before treatment. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation indicated that this connectivity pattern can significantly predict patients' symptom improvements ( r = .60, p = .009). After real treatment, the average connectivity strength of the target network significantly decreased in the real but not in the sham group. This network‐level change was cross‐validated in three independent datasets. Altogether, these findings suggest that personalized magnetic stimulation on preSMA may alleviate obsessive–compulsive symptoms by decreasing the connectivity strength of the target network.
“The Day After”: Ex-Combatants Perform Live in Belgrade Theatre

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses the organised civil society efforts to bring excombatants into the public sphere in Serbia, and investigates the potential for constructive use of ex-combatants’ war experiences in theatre. By staging the theatre performance Tanatos, the Group “Hajde da...” (the Group) from Belgrade aims to challenge negative views of this category of the Serbian population. So far, ex-combatants have been largely ignored, and as such, their capacities for contributing to transitional justice processes in the Serbian community have been neglected. Not only does the Tanatos bring four ex-combatants onto the stage to share their combat-related experiences with an audience, but it also gives the audience an opportunity to meet the ex-combatants after the performance in an open ‘question and answer’ session. As a qualitative case study, the paper draws from multiple sources: direct observation of the theatre performance in Belgrade in 2011, documentary research and fieldwork in Serbia undertaken during the summer of 2013, analysis of internal documents produced within the Group, and an interview with the dramaturge of the performance. The paper concludes that through Tanatos, the Group has opened public space for a dialogue about the recent past that acknowledges ex-combatants as an important factor in transitional justice processes in the region.
The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody–drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer’s heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
[Treatment of ion-exchange monosodium glutamate wastewater by yeast].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Two strains of yeasts, Candida halophila and Rhodotorula glutinis, were acquired through screening from ion-exchange monosodium glutamate wastewater (IEMGW) which was characterized by its high contents of COD (40,690 mg/L), NH(4+)-N (16,914 mg/L) and SO(4)2- (18,000 mg/L). The mixture of the two species had a good COD removal performance for treating IEMGW in a pH rang of 4-9. The yeast technology was superior to the conventional activated sludge in terms of COD removal and COD decomposition rate, In a dilution rate range of wastewater from 1:1 to 1:9, a COD removal of 84.5% and an average COD decomposition rate of over 1.0 kg/(kg.d) were obtained under an initial pH of 4.
Estimation of errors in the integration of GPS and INS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Estimation of errors in the integrated navigation system that consists of a very low-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a single antenna GPS measurement system is studied in this paper. Observability properties of the errors are investigated with a control-theoretic approach. The uncertainties in attitude, gyro bias, and GPS antenna lever arm are shown to cause errors in the estimates of position, velocity, and accelerometer bias. Changes in the acceleration of vehicles improve the estimates of attitude and gyro bias. Changes in the angular velocity enhance the lever arm estimate. Both the motions of translation and constant angular velocity have no influence on the estimation of the lever arm. A car test was performed to confirm the observability analysis.