jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transparency Matters: Assessing Harms Reporting Compliance in Randomized Controlled Trials Underpinning the AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has developed a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Primary studies such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are cited as evidence for the guidelines. Given the influence that these trials have on patient care, adherence to standardized protocols for conducting and reporting RCTs is essential. Purpose: To evaluate the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Extension for Harms–related reporting of RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the AAOS CPG on the management of ACL tears. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The reference section of the AAOS guideline for ACL tears was first screened for RCTs cited in the CPG. Next, each RCT was evaluated for adherence to the CONSORT Extension for Harms checklist. Both identification of RCTs and assessment of adherence were performed in a masked and duplicate process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize adherence to CONSORT Extension for Harms items. A Pearson correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between the year of publication and adherence to CONSORT harms reporting. Results: The sample included 113 RCTs, of which 16 (14.2%) were published before the CONSORT Extension for Harms was implemented in 2004. Sample sizes ranged from 24 to 4564 participants, with a mean of 228. None of the included RCTs included all 18 items in the CONSORT Extension for Harms checklist. The mean number of checklist items reported was 4 (of 18; 22.2%). A moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlation was found between the RCT publication year and the adherence with reporting of the CONSORT Extension for Harms ( t 111 = 3.54; P < .001) ( r = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.47). Conclusion: Harms were infrequently reported in RCTs cited as supporting evidence in the AAOS CPG for the management of ACL tears. One encouraging finding was the positive correlation between the year when RCTs were published and how well they adhered to reporting harms. Efforts to improve adverse event reporting are warranted, as RCTs are commonly used to make clinical decisions in orthopaedic surgery.
New Publications for the 500th Anniversary of the Reformation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 2017, publishing houses flooded the market with new publications on Martin Luther and the Reformation. On the shelves of the bookstores sit ambitious scholarly works alongside masses of trivial Luther literature. This essay presents an initial evaluation of the literature in the following categories: Luther biographies, new emphases in Luther research, histories of the Reformation, long-term consequences of the Reformation, catalogues and lexicons. The essay concludes with a discussion of open questions and research perspectives.
Development of the Automatic Hauling Operation System by Three boats for Anchovy Boat Seine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study was conducted in order to improve the automatic fishing operation system for anchovy boat seine by comparison with the fishing gear geometry and efficiency using the labor saving nets and the combined type net with midwater trawl. Field experiments were carried out to observe the geometry of nets and improve the fishing operation system by catcher boats. The vertical net opening of fore wing net, square, fore bag net and after bag net of the combined type net were varied in the range of 9.9~12.9. 16.2~28.2, 6.8~12.1 and 9.5~15.2m respectively, when the towing speed was 1.0m/sec and the distance between boats were 100m, 200m, 300m. The vertical net opening of the combined type nets was gradually decreased as function of with increasing the distance between catcher boats. Labor saving net which was maintained the net opening and towing depth stable was more suitable for the automatic hauling operation system by improvement of bag net rather than the combined type nets which was impossible in swallow depth and near to anchovy school. 3 boats hauling operation system of the labor saving net was carried out by crane with power block in 2 catcher boats for improvement of hauling operation and pushing equipment of anchovy cooking system in the processing boat for maintain more anchovy in dry frame. From the results of field experiments, 3 boats hauling operation system with power block and improved cooking system was very 3 boats hauling operation system with power block and improved cooking system was very useful and more practical as hauling time 20~35min and No. of fishermen 12~13 in comparison with the traditional system such as hauling time 30~50 min and No. of fishmen 28~38.
Going up? Women in the public sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to document womens reflections on their careers over a ten-year periodto provide quantitative baseline data on which to frame follow-up in-depth interviews. Theparticipants work in the public service in Queensland (Australia) and had been recommended for, andparticipated in, women in management (WIM) courses conducted in the early 1990s.Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by means of a survey (containing closed andopen items) which gathered demographic data and data related to employment history, perceptions ofsuccess and satisfaction, and the womens future career expectations.Findings Findings revealed that the percentage of women in middle and senior management hadincreased over the ten-year period, although not to the extent one might have anticipated, given thatthe women had been targeted as high flyers by their supervisors. While not content with theirclassification levels (i.e. seniority), the majority of the cohort viewed their careers as being successful.Practical implications Questions arise from this study as to why women are still not getting tothe top. There are also policy implications for the public service concerning womens possiblereinventive contribution and training implications associated with women only courses.Originality/value The study is part of an Australian longitudinal study on the careers of womenwho attended a prestigious women-only management course in the early 1990s in Queensland. This isnow becoming a study of older women.
Xiphinema Australiae N. Sp., Its Host Range, Observations On X. Radicicola Goodey, 1936 and X. Monohysterum Brown, 1968 and a Key To Monodelphic Xiphinema Spp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Xiphinema australiae n. sp., collected from a forest near Gosford, New South Wales, is distinguished from other monodelphic Xiphinema spp. by the length of the spear, the tail length to anal body width ratio and the size of the eggs. The monodelphic species X. radicicola Goodey, 1936, X. monohysterum Brown, 1968, and X. australiae n. sp. all have a small prevulval sac; their posterior gonads are normal. Variation is noted in the number of tail pores in X. radicicola and X. monohysterum. In a pot experiment, numbers of X. australiae increased significantly in 41/2 months on Vitis rupostris (grape cv. St. George), Trifolium repens (white clover), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Eucalyptu.r citriodora (lemon scented gum), Fragaria X ananassa (strawberry), Petunia hybrida (petunia) and Prunus persica (peach). Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Lolium perenne (ryegrass) were maintenance hosts. The population increases and reproductive capacities of females were similar to those reported for didelphic species of Xiphinema and Longidorus under comparable conditions.
First Integrated Point-of-Care Test for Malaria and Anemia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Anemia affects more than 2 billion people worldwide, which is about 25% of the world's population. Anemia has numerous causes ranging from nutritional deficiencies, primary hematologic diseases, and infectious diseases such as malaria. Among the various causes of anemia world-wide, malaria is the 3rd most prevalent cause in Sub-Saharan Africa and the 8th most prevalent cause globally. Anemia and malaria diagnosis/monitoring are challenging in low- and middle-income countries due to lack of laboratory infrastructure and skilled personnel as well as insufficient financial resources. We extended our previously established Gazelle™ malaria detection system to add total hemoglobin quantification and anemia testing capability. The new Gazelle Anemia-Malaria (Gazelle-A&M) is mass-producible at low cost and offers the first and only single point-of-care (POC) test for portable, affordable, and accurate, anemia and malaria diagnosis.
CXCR3 axis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a novel mechanism of action of ursodeoxycholic acid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Background and Aim : The CXC chemokines, MIG, IP-10 and I-TAC, are known to attract CXCR3+ T lymphocytes. CXCR3 gene generates two distinct mRNAs, CXCR3A and CXCR3B, by alternative splicing. In Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), intrahepatic bile ductules are destroyed by T lymphocytes. We investigated therefore the CXC chemokine axis in this disease. Methods Mig, IP-10 and I-TAC mRNAs expression was studied by RT-PCR in 20 liver biopsies from PBC patients (Ludwig stage II/III) and compared with normal biopsies (NCs = 20). Serum chemokines were assessed by ELISA in 44 PBC patients (Ludwig stage II/III) and 20 normals. Measurements were repeated six months after Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) treatment. CXCR3A and CXCR3B mRNAs expression were examined in immunomagnetically sorted CD3+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by RT-PCR, pre and post treatment. Flow cytometry evaluated the expression of CXCR3+ in PBL of NC and patients. Results A marked mRNA expression of MIG and IP10, but not of I-TAC, was found in PBC patients. Serum MIG (72.86 pg/ml) and IP-10 (660.1 pg/ml) were significantly increased in PBC, compared to NC (33.47 pg/ml and 37.58 pg/ml, respectively). There was a significant reduction of these proteins after treatment with UDCA (40.95 pg/ml for MIG and 289.2 pg/ml for IP-10). I-TAC was not different between groups. CXCR3A mRNA expression was found in PBLs from PBC patients and NCs. CXCR3B mRNA was expressed in 4/20 (19%) NCs and 20/20 PBC patients. Flow cytometry revealed a significantly lower CXCR3 expression in NCs (13.5%) than in PBC (37.2%) which was reduced (28.1%, p < 0.01) after UDCA administration. Conclusion These data suggest a possible role of CXCR3-binding chemokines and their receptor in the aetiopathogenetic recruitment of lymphocytes in PBC and a new mechanism of action of UDCA.
Body Composition and Activity Level in Female University Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The rising prevalence of obesity is a concern. Increasing exercise-related activity thermogenesis prevents the accumulation of body fat caused by long-term positive mismatch of energy balance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between activity levels and body composition parameters in female university students and to understand the effectiveness of recommended physical activity guidelines on activity levels. This study hypothesizes that there will be a relationship between activity level and body composition as well as knowledge and activity levels. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out, recruiting 40 female university students, separated into two groups: Active group and Sedentary group. Participants were between the age of 19 to 49 and possessed no physical injuries or any form of illness in the past 6 months that would affect activities of daily living and/or training pattern. Two questionnaires and a body analysis were administered and performed at the Exercise Physiology Laboratory, National Institute of Education. Self-report method collected the total activity level for 7 days: leisure activities, physical activities and sedentary behaviour. Statistical significance was set at alpha= 0.05. The results show significant correlation in total activity level and percentage body fat as well as waist-to-hip ratio (p=.020 and p=.004) and no significant correlation between knowledge and activity levels (p=.652 and p=.556). The findings support that it is necessary to promote physical activities to the young population; educating and motivating young adults to adopt an active lifestyle to increase energy expenditure and to cope with their energy intake.
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Korporasi Dalam Berbagai Putusan Pengadilan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The existence of corporations as legal subjects that can be held criminally accountable has long been regulated in various laws outside the Criminal Code (KUHP), especially in administrative penal law. The issuance of Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 13 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Handling Criminal Cases by Corporations, as is known, was motivated by the numerous laws that have positioned corporations as legal subjects of criminal law and that can be held criminally accountable. This writing addresses two issues: the implementation of handling criminal cases with corporations as legal subjects in various court decisions, and the obstacles in executing criminal sanctions against corporations. The method used in this writing is normative juridical research, employing a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, a historical approach, and a case approach. The nature of this research is descriptive, and the data used is secondary data collected through literature and document studies. The data analysis in this writing will be conducted qualitatively. The results and discussion in this writing show that the handling of criminal cases involving corporations has increasingly been addressed by law enforcement officials. This growing number of corporate cases, of course, is inseparable from the issuance by the Supreme Court of regulations on procedures for handling criminal cases involving corporations as legal subjects. The handling of criminal cases with corporations as legal subjects already covers both corporations with legal entity status and those without (non-legal entities). The handling of criminal cases with corporations as defendants that have been decided by courts and have obtained legal force in execution encounters challenges. These obstacles and difficulties reduce the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement. Court decisions in adjudicating criminal cases with corporations as perpetrators (defendants) should not only apply the law textually but also ensure that these decisions can be effectively executed.
Galactomannan Testing and Aspergillus PCR in Same-Day Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Blood Samples for Diagnosis of Invasive Mold Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background.In recent years galactomannan antigen testing (GM) and also Aspergillus PCR have become increasingly important for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).Whether or not these tests need to be performed with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; i.e. primary site of infection), or testing of blood samples is sufficient, remains, however, a matter of debate.Methods.We evaluated the diagnostic performance of GM ELISA, and Aspergillus PCR by using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and blood samples obtained at the same day from a total of 53 immunocompromised patients (16 with probable/proven IPA and 37 with no evidence of IPA according to the revised EORTC/MSG criteria; 38
Headache Associated with Abnormalities in Intracranial Structure or Function: Low-cerebrospinalfluid- pressure Headache

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a circulating body fluid, sometimes referred to as the “third circulation” (Cushing, 1926). Most of the CSF is formed by the choroid plexus, which has structural and functional similarities to the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys and maintains the compositional integrity of the CSF (Rowland et al., 1991). Only a minor portion of the CSF is secreted by the brain capillaries, entering the ventricular system through the ependyma. For many years, on the basis of data from autopsies, the CSF volume was estimated to be 150 ml. More recent volumetric studies based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques suggest an average volume of approximately 210 ml in adults (Hogan et al., 1996; Matsumae et al., 1996). This, however, shows significant variation. Cranial CSF volume is smaller for women and for younger persons than for older persons, who have larger ventricular volumes and more generous CSF cisterns and subarachnoid spaces (Matsumae et al., 1996). Spinal CSF volume is significantly less in obese than nonobese persons (Hogan et al., 1996).
Can Credit Program Improve Agricultural Productivity? Evidence from Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Agricultural credit is a vital policy in improving farm performance since agricultural households face financial constraints in their business. This study aims to: (1) examine the impact of credit s on agricultural productivity while investigating the difference in impact generated by loans originating from governmental program loans and nonprogram loans and; (2) identify the characteristics of farm households that influence the use of credit in their business. This study employed cross-sectional micro-data at the household level drawn from the 2013 Indonesian Agricultural Census, in which 86,922 rice farm households were randomly selected as the research sample. The model was examined by using Two-Stage Least Square to avoid the selectivity bias. Results show that credit originated from government programs has a small impact on agricultural productivity, although the significant correlation appears. Furthermore, the use of credit, both government programs, and non-programs are determined by socio-economic aspects, agricultural subsidy, perceptions on risks, and perception on-farm profitability. Based on the results, the provision of credit to agricultural activities has to be supported by the provision of supporting incentives, such as agricultural counseling and irrigation facilities, in order to boost agricultural productivity effectively.
Cloning of Full-Length Preproendothelin-2 cDNA and Its Expression in Dog

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endothelin-2 (ET2) is a member of the endothelin family of 21-amino acid peptides with vasoconstrictive activity. We report here the molecular cloning of the canine full-length cDNA of the precursor form of ET2, prepro-ET2 (PPET2), from intestinal tissue by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in conjunction with 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Aside from the poly (A) tail the cDNA was found to be 1195 bp and included an open reading frame of 534 bp encoding a PPET2 polypeptide of 178 residues, in which the regions corresponding to bioactive mature ET2 peptide, an intermediate form big-ET2, and endothelin-like peptide are found. The organ distributions of PPET2 mRNA and a splicing variant were analyzed by RT-PCR. PPET2 transcript was detected in duodenum, colon, stomach, lung, liver, uterus, ovary, testis and kidney, but not in spleen. A splicing variant was found in none of the organs. Thus, based on the cloned cDNA sequence, we established a quantitative assay for dog PPET2 mRNA level using a real-time PCR system. Quantitative analysis by this method in various organs of the dog demonstrated that the dominant gene expression occurs in the intestine, with higher expression in large intestine than in small intestine.
United States Marine Corps Basic Reconnaissance Course: Predictors of Success

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The need for reconnaissance forces has been documented throughout history. Thus, the process for recruiting, assessing, and training Reconnaissance Marines should not be left to chance. The Marine Corps' Basic Reconnaissance Course (BRC) is at the forefront of this process. As identified by examining the data obtained from BRC, attrition rates have been nearly 50 percent over the last three years, illustrating there is room for improvement. This study conducts a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the criteria used to select candidates for the BRC. The research uses multi-variate logistic regression models and survival analysis to determine to what extent the current requirements to attend the Basic Reconnaissance Course are indicators of success. Using data from multiple cohorts of BRC students, this research develops a predictive model that allows the Marine Corps to more successfully recruit and train the most likely candidates to graduate BRC. The results of this study suggest that the Physical Fitness Test and General Test are the most significant predictors of success. The impacts of physical and cognitive capability on success are not surprising, but the magnitudes of these effects on the probability of graduating BRC provides commanders with survival percentages based on incremental changes in the prerequisites.
Using Geography to Teach Freedom and Defiance: Lessons in Social Change from ‘Autonomous Geographies’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is about how the transformatory pedagogical practice of popular/liberatory education can be further articulated within geography. It is based on the experiences of a third-year undergraduate course, 'Autonomous Geographies', in which the author developed some of the core values of popular education, namely engaging with movements for change, making space for emotions, developing strategy and overcoming powerlessness, and building solidarity and cooperation. These were put into practice through coursework involving contact with social movements, a praxis-based reflexive journal, action planning and spokescouncils. The author reflects on how he engaged students with the possibilities of becoming active, critical and defiant citizens engaged in social change, as well as problematizing his own position and aspirations. On the author's part, this paper is a call to re-energize the links between geographical education and freedom, and a plea that we do not retreat from naming and confronting oppression.
[Chronic respiratory insufficiency and "coping with the illness"].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic pulmonary disease is an impairment of the respiratory function which leads to some somatic, social and psychological consequences. After a clinical analysis of 150 patients with chronic pulmonary disease, the authors define the psychological characteristics of the patients' reactions and their psychological working-through of the illness. Date analysis shows some transformations in the perception of time (more references to the past, lack of references to the future), and psychological elaborations of the illness which appear in the characteristics of the patients' language and in their personal etiological theories. The most common psychopathologies are anxious and depressive disorders, and confusion. The patients' elaborations about their suffering, their symptoms and their illness make it possible to reopen the discussion about the psychological and metapsychological analysis of respiration. The authors emphasize the characteristics of a "respiratory organization of the libido" and its discontinuity.