jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic Sites which Control the Surges of Prolactin Secretion Induced by Cervical Stimulation*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Artificial stimulation of the uterine cervix (CS) of the rat institutes two daily surges of PRL. These surges in turn activate and maintain luteal progesterone secretion for a 13-day interval known as pseudopregnancy. Electrolytic lesions of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial-ventromedial areas (DMN-VMN) of the hypothalamus also induce pseudopregnancies. This study was designed to determine if these pseudopregnancies are also characterized by the biphasic pattern of PRL secretion. Bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the MPOA on the morning of either estrus or the 14th day after ovariectomy. Both experimental models had nocturnal (0500 h) but no diurnal (1900 h) surges of PRL on the second day after placement of the lesion. Sham-lesioned rats had neither surge. When both surges were initiated by CS on proestrus, placement of the lesion on estrus blocked the diurnal but not the nocturnal surge of PRL. These data suggest that the MPOA possesses neurons which are inhibitory to nocturnal surges and stimulatory to diurnal surges of PRL and that CS removes the inhibition over the former and stimulates the latter. Electrical stimulation of the DMN-VMN initiates both surges of PRL in intact or ovariectomized rats. Thus, CS may also act either directly or indirectly w;thin the DMN-VMN to induce both surges of PRL.
GREGÓRIO LOPES painting workshop: characterization by X-ray based techniques. Analysis by EDXRF, μ-XRD and SEM-EDS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Greg´orio Lopes is one of the most famous Portuguese painters of the 15th–16th centuries. This work is a contribution to the study of his painting technique, specifically addressing the methodology used in the preparation of ground layers, which has never been carried out previously with this multianalytical method. For this purpose characterization of the ground layers of a selection of his paintings was carried out by micro-Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (m-EDXRF), micro-X-ray Diffraction (m-XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and complemented by micro-Raman spectroscopy. This work presents the results obtained on two altarpieces (c.1544) produced at the same period by this Portuguese artist. Ground layers are composed mainly of calcium sulfate—anhydrite and gypsum—and other compounds such as dolomite. Reference samples were prepared to obtain diffraction pattern of different percentage of gypsum and anhydrite and compared with the results from historical samples.
Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Several Grasses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grasses(tall fescue,Bahia grass,crowfoot,pueraria)could decrease soil bulk density,increase the porosity of soil,and enhance the water holding capacity of soil.The water absorption of stem and leaves amounted to 39.5%~48.3% of its own weight.In soil layer 0~20 cm,the amount of small roots that diameter was less than 1 mm was 76~85 percent of total roots,The output of fresh grass were 60t/hm 2,42.5 t/hm 2,45 t/hm 2,23.1 t/hm 2.It has considerable benefits of soil and water conservation and ecology.They are excellent feeding grass species for soil and water conservation.
Therapeutic approaches for T790M mutation positive non-small-cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a subset of lung cancer with demonstrated response to targeted therapies. However, resistance to the first targeted approach usually occurs within the first year, and it is associated in 50-60% of cases to the T790M resistance mutation. Areas covered: The review provides an overview on the significance of the presence of the T790M mutation, its detection, treatment options and subsequent mechanisms of resistance. Expert commentary: Osimertinib is the current treatment option for T790M mutation positive NSCLC after progression to first or second-generation EGFR TKIs, with activity also on brain metastasis. However, the scenario is in continuous evolution and results from clinical trials are awaited in first-line setting and in combination strategies.
Social Media Extensive Use and Emotional and Behavioural Outcomes in Adolescence: Evidence from British Longitudinal Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the relationship between social media use and emotional and behavioural outcomes in adolescence using data from a large and detailed longitudinal study of teenagers from the UK. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in economics to analyse the effect of social media use on adolescents' mental health. We use individual fixed effects, propensity score matching and treatment effects with Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment, controlling for a rich set of children's and family's characteristics and using comprehensive sensitivity analyses and tests to assess the potential role of unobserved variables. Our results show that prolonged use of social media (more than 4 hours per day) is significantly associated with poorer emotional health and more behavioural difficulties, and in particular decreased perception of self-value and increased incidence of hyperactivity, inattention and conduct problems. However, limited use of social media (less than 3 hours per day) has some positive effect on peer relationships.
Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The studies reviewed were of poor quality and used older antibiotics. This review suggests a beneficial effect of antibiotics in preventing complications such as pneumonia, purulent otitis media and tonsillitis in children with measles. On the basis of this review, it is not possible to recommend definitive guidelines on the type of antibiotic, duration or the day of initiation. There is a need for more evidence from high-quality RCTs to answer these questions.
Distribution of the mRNAs encoding torsinA and torsinB in the normal adult human brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To gain insight into the neural pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DYT1 dystonia, we have mapped the cellular expression of the mRNA encoding torsinA and the closely related family member, torsinB, in normal adult human brain. Here, we report an intense expression of torsinA mRNA in the substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons, the locus ceruleus, the cerebellar dentate nucleus, Purkinje cells, the basis pontis, numerous thalamic nuclei, the pedunculopontine nucleus, the oculomotor nucleus, the hippocampal formation, and the frontal cortex. Within the caudateputamen, the cellular expression of torsinA mRNA was heterogeneous; a moderate signal was found overlying large cholinergic neurons, and most striatal neurons exhibited only a very weak signal. A moderate signal was detected in numerous midbrain and hindbrain nuclei. A weak cellular signal was detected in neurons of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. In marked contrast to torsinA, no specific mRNA signal was detected for torsinB. That torsinA mRNA is enriched in several basal ganglia nuclei, including the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, is intriguing since it suggests that DYT1 dystonia may be associated with a dysfunction in dopamine transmission.
Investigating elusive stylistic variation in a tight-knit language community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ever since Labov's pioneering work in New York City in the 1960s (e.g., Labov, 1972), initial sociolinguistic surveys of language communities have taken into account the same social factors as predictors of linguistic variation: age, sex (or gender), social class, and speech style. This set-up works inasmuch as the communities are broadly similar to the USA; however, different community structures pose different challenges to what has become the de facto standard in sociolinguistics (Smakman & Heinrich, 2015). The Faroe Islands present such a different community structure: a small and tight-knit language community with a weak but complicated sense of a standard spoken language (Hagstrom, 2005; Jacobsen, 2011). Rather than a traditional interpretation of social class, Jacobsen (2008) argued that Faroese sociolinguistics benefits from investigating the influence of various 'life styles' on language behaviour. In this paper, I use recent sociolinguistic work on Faroese to show that the traditional concepts of speech style as 'attention to speech' (Labov, 2001) or 'audience design' (Bell, 2001) do not work very well either, and suggest alternative ways of investigating stylistic variation in a tight-knit language community.
EVALUATION OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE AS SHEEP FEED

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to determine nutrient composition of household food waste (HFW) and to investigate its effects on lamb growth performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics.HFW was collected, sun dried, ground, and chemically analyzed.After drying, it was tested as an ingredient in formulating a balanced ration for lambs in different levels (0, 15 and 30%) on as-fed basis.Fifteen male lambs, with an average body weight 22.98 kg, were allotted randomly into three groups (5 each) and fed ad libitum for 8 weeks.HFW was found to be relatively high in protein (14.72%), ether extract (6.96%), non fibrous carbohydrate (47.39%), and ash (10.98%).Analysis of HFW revealed that it was free from total aflatoxins.Lambs fed 15 and 30% HFW-diets performed as those fed the control diet in growth and feed efficiency.Digestibility of ether extract was better for diets containing HFW than that of the control diet.There were no significant effects of HFW on fasted live weight, carcass weight and dressing percentages.The income over feed cost indicated that the income on diet based 30% HFW was higher than that of the control one.As a conclusion HFW could be used as a lowcost feed in lamb diets without any adverse effect on performance or carcass characteristics.Further studies on methods of HFW processing and value for other species are suggested.
Simultaneous analysis and design optimization for seismic retrofitting of hysteretic structures with fluid viscous dampers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

This paper presents a novel optimization approach for retrofitting hysteretic structures with fluid viscous dampers. Two design scenarios are considered: structures with hysteretic behavior retrofitted with linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers. The size and placement of the dampers is defined using a simultaneous analysis and design (SAND) optimization approach based on nonlinear programming. The dampers' manufacturing cost is minimized, with constraints on the inter-story drifts. The optimization variables are the damping coefficients of the dampers and the structural response over time. In the proposed SAND approach, the equations of motion are treated as equality constraints of the optimization problem and are not solved directly with time-history analyses. Special design sensitivity analysis methods are not needed to calculate the gradients of the objective and constraint functions. We propose a continuation scheme on the design-driving inter-story drift constraints to effectively solve challenging problems. A sequence of sub-problems is solved considering relaxed limiting values for the drift constraints. These values are gradually decreased, and the solution obtained in each sub-problem is used as warm-start information for the subsequent sub-problem. The procedure ends when a solution that satisfies the desired limiting value of the constraints is found. The proposed approach is evaluated with reproducible numerical examples that highlight its flexibility and effectiveness.
Migrating radicular pain caused by gas-collection in the lumbar epidural region: case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Finding gas into the intervertebral disc space is a relatively common occurrence, whereas lumbar disc herniations containing gas or lumbar epidural gas-collections are rarely observed. The Author reports a very rare case of a patient who first suffered from right-side sciatica and then, a few months after being treated, from left-side cruralgy; both symptoms were found to be caused by epidural gas-collection at different levels of the spinal canal.
Symposium–CONTEMPORARY AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IN AUSTRALIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

TVILLIAMS Hirrcau of rlgriciiltirral 13conouiicsI his review of the present state of agricultural economics concentrates on some aspects which appear to be of particular importance or interest.In 110 seiise is it an attempt to discuss the whole field of agricultural ecoiioiiiics, nor to review the scope of work in the 13ureau of -4griculturaI Economics.I have concentrated on aspects which seem to me to have given agricultural ecoiioiiiics in Australia a separate identity within the broader fields covered by general economics.In the final section of this paper, rather than on the selected aspects discussed in more detail in the inaiii part of it, the scope of agricultural economics.as I see it.is set out.'
Measurement of electrons ejected from 5-25 keV He+-Ne collisions: collision-velocity-dependent features of autoionisation peaks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ejected-electron spectra from 5-25 keV He+ incident on neon have been measured at ejection angle 90 degrees with respect to the incident ion beam. Strong velocity-dependent features have been observed for both target and projectile autoionisation peaks. For neon lines, experimental results are compared with those for Li+ impact by Bisgaard et al. (1980) and discussed in the framework of the MO model.
Screening frailty A predictor of healthcare requirements in older people

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

T he World Health Organization reports that in 2020, the number of people aged 60 years and older outnumbered children younger than five years.Furthermore, it estimates that between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the global population over 60 years will nearly double from 12% to 22%.With an ageing population, certain health conditions are becoming more prevalent.Nonetheless, the availability of the healthcare resources remains limited.although many of these individuals may also be frail.Frailty is more prevalent in older people and is generally characterised by issues such as reduced muscle strength, impaired balance, and fatigue.These individuals may also have lower resilience to illness, with minor health conditions more likely to lead to complications or delayed healing.Frailty is associated with negative health-related events, such as falls, hospitalisation, dependence, and death.Although not fully reversible, the severity of frailty can be attenuated with appropriate interventions such as exercise, nutrition, and medication reviews.While some healthcare services do encourage the identification of frailty at primary care, this is not a standard practice.
Tank‐mix adjuvants improved spray performance and biological efficacy in rice insecticide application with unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the application of plant protection products (PPPs) in paddy fields is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Despite its growing usage, UAV spraying for rice pest control faces practical challenges, including limited canopy penetration, uneven deposition, and significant spray drift. This study investigated the impact of two tank‐mix adjuvants, Wonderful Rosin (Adjuvant‐1) and Tiandun (Adjuvant‐2), at six volume concentrations, on the spray liquid's physicochemical properties, spray drift, plant deposition, and the biological efficacy of rice insecticides using a quadrotor UAV sprayer. RESULTS The physicochemical characteristics of the spray liquid influenced spray performance and biological efficacy. Incorporating Adjuvant‐1 and Adjuvant‐2 led to a decrease in surface tension and contact angle while increasing the viscosity of the spray solution. These alterations in surface tension and viscosity contributed to an optimized droplet size distribution, reduced spray drift, enhanced deposition uniformity and penetration, and improved control efficacy against the rice planthopper in UAV applications. The highest control efficacy was observed at a concentration of 0.5%, showing an improvement of 35.12% (Adjuvant‐1) and 20.23% (Adjuvant‐2) over applications without tank‐mix adjuvant 7 days after treatment. CONCLUSION The judicious selection of tank‐mix adjuvants for UAV PPP applications can significantly enhance spray performance and biological efficacy in controlling rice insects. This study's findings offer valuable insights for integrating tank‐mix adjuvants into UAV spraying applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
ALTERNATING-COMPLEMENTARY LOCATOR AND ITS USE FOR ERROR LOCATION IN DUAL-MODULAR REDUNDANCY WITH COMPARISON STRUCTURE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The dual-modular redundancy with comparison (DMRC) structure is a kind of widely used low-cost fault-tolerant structures. When a fault occurs in one of two redundant modules, the comparator gives an error-detecting indication signal. This indication output can be used as an interrupt signal to start an error handling procedure, or as a hardware signal to stop the operation or to start reconfiguration and recovery of the DMRC structure. However, the drawback of such a structure is that the comparator can not indicate the faulty redundant module. This will result in a great time overhead to error location and system reconfiguration. To diminish the time overhead of error location, a DMRC structure with concurrent error location capability is presented. Each output of a redundant module is an alternating variable. The two outputs produced by two redundant modules at the same time constitute an alternating-complementary variable. It is checked by an alternating-complementary locator. During normal operation, it can be determined whether a DMRC structure is error-free, or a redundant module or the locator itself is faulty or not according to the output given by the locator. The alternating-complementary locator is constructed by D-flip-flops and gate circuits. It is proved that it is totally fault locating. The concurrent error location capability of the proposed DMRC structure is built by the time redundancy principle, so it is suitable to be used in the non-speed-critical fault tolerant systems.
Nitrate Effects on the Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor Treating Swine Wastes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Chromium is associated with a number of industrial operations, such as metal finishing, manufacturing of inks, dyes, pigments, glass, and ceramics. Conventional methods for removal of chromium from wastewaters generally involve the reduction of hexavalent chromium by reducing agents at a low pH, followed by raising the pH to precipitate the trivalent chromium [1].
Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer F. Loupakis (2014) N Engl J Med 371: 17

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Une association fluoropyrimidine plus irinotécan ou oxaliplatine, avec bévacizumab (un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre le vascular endothelial growth factor), est le traitement de référence de première-ligne du cancer colorectal. Avant l’introduction du bévacizumab, la chimiothérapie avec l’association 5-fluorouracile, leucovorine, oxaliplatine, et irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) a montré une efficacité supérieure comparée à l’association 5-fluorouracile, leucovorine, et irinotecan (FOLFIRI). Dans une étude de phase 2, le FOLFOXIRI plus bévacizumab a montré une efficacité prometteuse et un taux d’effets secondaires acceptable. Cinq cent-huit patients atteints d’un cancer colorectal métastatique non opérable ont été randomisés entre un traitement par FOLFIRI plus bévacizumab (groupe témoin) ou FOLFOXIRI plus bévacizumab (groupe expérimental). Jusqu’à 12 cycles de chimiothérapie ont été administrés, suivis de 5-fluorouracile plus bévacizumab jusqu’à progression tumorale. Le critère de jugement principal était la survie sans progression. La survie sans progression médiane était de 12,1 mois dans le bras expérimental, comparée à 9,7 mois dans le bras témoin (hazard ratio pour la progression: 0,75; IC 95%: 0,62-0,90; p=0,003). Le taux de réponses objectives était de 65% dans le bras expérimental et 53% dans le bras témoin (p=0,006). La survie globale était non significativement allongée dans le bras expérimental (31,0 vs 25,8 mois; hazard ratio pour le décès, 0,79; IC 95%: 0,63-1,00; p=0,054). L’incidence des toxicités de grade 3 ou 4, neurologique, stomatites, diarrhée et neutropénie était significativement plus élevée dans le bras expérimental. Conclusion: La chimiothérapie par FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab, comparée au FOLFIRI plus bévacizumab, améliore le pronostic des patients atteints d’un cancer colorectal métastatique et augmente l’incidence de certains effets indésirables.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELGAMAL AND LUC ALGORITHM IN CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY GENERATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In today’s era of digital, data security in communication channel becomes important factor to be considered during exchange of information. Cryptography is one of techniques to send and receive information securely through an insecure channel. Based on the number of keys used, encryption methods are categorized as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. Compared to symmetric cryptography that often suffers from key management issues, asymmetric cryptography delivers higher level of data security. Thus, asymmetric cryptography is more preferred when security if the priority. To determine suitable algorithm, three essential aspects should be considered: security, speed, and prime numbers. This study aims to compare the application of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms between ElGamal and LUC algorithms in the key generation process. A comparative analysis of these two algorithms was conducted by evaluating the processing speed and prime numbers during key generation process to determine the advantages and drawbacks from ElGamal and LUC algorithms. The application in this study was developed using PHP programming language by following the Waterfall Model. Application testing involved two kinds of tests: (i) Black Box test and (ii) System Usability Scale (SUS) test. Results show the application developed from this study successfully performed the encryption, decryption, and checking of prime numbers from ElGamal and LUC algorithms. It displayed ciphertext, plaintext, and the speed of the encryption and decryption process from both methods. The black box test showed that all application functions follow the user's needs, while System Usability Scale (SUS) test obtained an average score of SUS interpretation of 83.75. This value means the adjective ratings was “excellent”, the grade scale was “B”, and the acceptability range was “acceptable”. It is concluded that the LUC algorithm superior to ElGamal in terms of the speed of encryption process. However, during the decryption process the LUC algorithm responded slower than ElGamal.