jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Parent Pairs with Different Genetic Distances on the Genetic Diversity of Offspring in Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To identify effective strategies for preserving the genetic diversity of Strongylocentrotus intermedius populations, this study employed 15 SSR loci and SSR-seq technology to construct three parental mating groups based on different genetic distances: relatively distant (0.33640), relatively close (0.13051), and mixed (0.29916). These mating groups were used to produce three corresponding offspring populations: the distant group (D), the close group (C), and the mixed group (M). A total of 150 offspring from these populations were genotyped to analyze the effects of parental genetic distance on the genetic diversity of their offspring. The results showed that the observed allele number (Na) in the D and M groups was 4.200 and 4.733, respectively, both lower than the parental family population (FP) group (5.000) but higher than the C group (3.571). The effective allele number (Ne) in the D and M groups was 2.782 and 2.728, respectively, slightly below that of the parental FP group (2.816) but greater than the C group (2.211). Similarly, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) in the D and M groups was 0.496 and 0.488, respectively, both below that of the parental FP group (0.522) but above the C group (0.447). The expected heterozygosity (He) in the D and M groups was 0.586 and 0.579, respectively, slightly lower than the parental FP group (0.595) but higher than the C group (0.487). Additionally, the polymorphism information content (PIC) in the D and M groups was 0.530 and 0.531, respectively, indicating high polymorphism, although slightly lower than the parental FP group (0.546) and significantly higher than the C group (0.438). These findings indicate that the genetic diversity of all the three offspring populations declined to varying degrees compared to the parental population, with the C group experiencing the most severe reduction. In contrast, the D and M groups maintained comparably higher levels of genetic diversity, which were comparable to each other. This study underscores the importance of increasing the genetic distance between parents or adopting mixed mating strategies to sustain genetic diversity in breeding populations. These approaches are recommended for future breeding programs to ensure the long-term conservation and sustainability of genetic resources.
A compendium of FEM integration formulas for symbolic work

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a set of Mathematica modules that organizes numerical integration rules considered useful for finite element work. Seven regions are considered: line segments, triangles, quadrilaterals, tetrahedral, wedges, pyramids and hexahedra. Information can be returned in floating‐point (numerical) form, or in exact symbolic form. The latter is useful for computer‐algebra aided FEM work that carries along symbolic variables. A few quadrature rules were extracted from sources in the FEM and computational mathematics literature, and placed in symbolic form using Mathematica to generate own code. A larger class of formulas, previously known only numerically, were directly obtained through symbolic computations. Some unpublished non‐product rules for pyramid regions were found and included in the collection. For certain regions: quadrilaterals, wedges and hexahedra, only product rules were included to economize programming. The collection embodies most FEM‐useful formulas of low and moderate order for the seven regions noted above. Some gaps as regard region geometries and omission of non‐product rules are noted in the conclusions. The collection may be used “as is” in support of symbolic FEM work thus avoiding contamination with floating arithmetic that precludes simplification. It can also be used as generator for low‐level floating‐point code modules in Fortran or C. Floating point accuracy can be selected arbitrarily. No similar modular collection applicable to a range of FEM work, whether symbolic or numeric, has been published before.
Effect of an Informative Pamphlet in Improving Parental Knowledge about Retinopathy of Prematurity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The childhood blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can be prevented if infantsat risk are screened before the progression of the condition. The parental awareness on need of follow-upsfor screening and identification of ROP will help in reducing the incidence of childhood blindness due toROP.Method: In the present study an informative pamphlet was developed and distributed to find its effectivenessin improving the parents’ knowledge on retinopathy of prematurity. Quantitative research approach was usedwith pre-experimental pre-test post-test one group design. Conceptual framework used was General systemtheory by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy. Using convenience sampling method 30 parents of preterm babies wereselected. The baseline proforma and knowledge questionnaire were administered and later an informativepamphlet about ROP were given. Post-test knowledge assessment was done 7 days after the exposure topamphlet.Result and Discussion: The study finding showed an increase in the knowledge of parents on ROP after theexposure to pamphlet (Z=4.628, p=.001). An association was found between pre-test knowledge and previousparental knowledge on eye diseases in newborn babies (U=59, p=.048). The present study concludes that thepamphlet made by the researcher on ROP was effective in improving the parents’ knowledge about ROP.
Generating random elements of abelian groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Algorithms based on rapidly mixing Markov chains are discussed to produce nearly uniformly distributed random elements in abelian groups of finite order. Let A be an abelian group generated by set S . Then one can generate ϵ‐nearly uniform random elements of A using 4| S |log(| A |/ϵ) log(| A |) additions and the same number of random bits. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Characterization and Abatement of the Reassociation Overhead in Vehicle to Roadside Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobility in vehicular networks naturally leads frequent handoffs and reassociations between the vehicles and roadside access points. The overhead due to these reassociation comes in the form of the bandwidth and delays associated with the handoff related packets that are exchanged between a vehicles and the access point. This paper derives an information theoretic lower bound on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer overhead associated with reassociations caused due to node mobility. An efficient MAC protocol is then proposed that reduces the handoff delays. Simulations are used to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed protocol in terms of the throughput and packet latency.
Safety Profile of Gutless Adenovirus Vectors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adenoviral vectors (Ads) have been evaluated in clinical trials for glioma. However, systemic immunity against the vectors can hamper therapeutic efficacy. We demonstrated that combined immunostimulation and cytotoxic gene therapy provides long-term survival in preclinical glioma models. Because helper-dependent high-capacity Ads (HC-Ads) elicit sustained transgene expression, in the presence of antiadenoviral immunity, we engineered HC-Ads encoding conditional cytotoxic herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase and immunostimulatory cy-tokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand-3 under the control of the TetOn system. Escalating doses of combined HC-Ads (1 · 108, 1 · 109, and 1 · 1010 viral particles [VP]) were delivered into the rat brain. We assessed neu-ropathology, biodistribution, transgene expression, systemic toxicity, and behavioral impact at acute and chronic time points after vector delivery. Histopathological analysis did not reveal any evidence of toxicity or long-term inflammation at the lower doses tested. Vector genomes were restricted to the injection site. Serum chemistry did not uncover adverse systemic side effects at any of the doses tested. Taken together, our data indicate that doses of up to 1 · 109 VP of each HC-Ad can be safely administered into the normal brain. This comprehensive toxicity and biodistribution study will lay the foundations for implementation of a phase 1 clinical trial for GBM using HC-Ads.
Joint Land Titling and Household Bargaining in Madagascar

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates analytically and through numerical simulations how the intrahousehold bargaining positions of a couple are affected by the opportunity to title agricultural land, and how the couple’s choice between an individual male title and a joint title is determined. The results suggest that when land registration is offered to couples as a discrete choice between individual or joint titles, there is a risk that women with weak initial bargaining positions will be further weakened following the reform. A joint title will only be chosen if the spouses start off with relatively equal bargaining positions; otherwise a male title will be chosen. An application of the model to the situation of Madagascar, using household survey data, supports the predictions of the model.
Biological Characteristics of Alternaria on Dendrobium sandidium Wall. et Lindl.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biological characteristics of Alternaria tenuissima on Dendrobium sandidium Wall. et Lindl. were studied. The result showed that A. tenuissima on D.sandidium Wall. et Lindl. could grow at temperature 5- 35 ℃ and p H value of 2- 10,the optimal temperature and p H value were 25℃ and 7 for its growth and sporulation,respectively. Starch was the optimal carbon sources and peptone was the optimal nitrogen source for the growth and sporulation of bacterial colony,respectively; PSA and PCA were the optimal media for its growth and sporulation,respectively.
“THE VERY MESSENGERS OF GOD”: THE TEACHERS OF ALABAMA’S FREEDPEOPLE, 1865-1870

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using Freedmen’s Bureau records, the papers of the American Missionary Association, and other materials, the author identified 585 individuals who taught ex-slaves in Alabama between 1865 and 1870. The thesis describes their sex, race, and geographical origins, their motives for teaching, the high rate of turnover, and a growing number of black teachers. It examines the teachers’ work in the classroom and the many challenges they faced. It argues that the schools survived only because of the ex-slaves’ own commitment to education and the lengths to which the teachers went in order to keep their schools in operation. Finally, the thesis explores the teachers’ interactions with their surrounding communities. While some white Alabamians were supportive, others expressed hostility through social ostracism, physical assault, arson, and even murder. Especially in the face of such white opposition, the teachers relied heavily upon freedpeople to help build, maintain, and protect the schools.
Zero-Phonon Line Absorption Spectra of Radiation Damage Centers in Silicon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Infrared absorption measurements were made for n-type silicon samples irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at room temperature. The absorption spectra in the range 1-3 microns were recorded at both liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures. Three families of zero-phonon lines and phonon-assisted sideband structure were seen which correspond to those seen in luminescence spectra. The families at 0.4891 eV and 0.7898 eV were seen only in pulled samples, while the family at 0.9702 eV was seen in both pulled and float-zone samples. A dose rate study indicated that all three families are independent of each other. The zero-phonon lines at 0.7898 eV, 0.7948 eV, and 0.4891 eV may follow of the divacancy.
Potential Drug–Drug Interactions with Antimicrobials in Hospitalized Patients: A Multicenter Point-Prevalence Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Improper use of antimicrobials can cause adverse drug events and high costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and potential drug-drug interactions associated with antimicrobials among hospitalized patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted on the same day in 5 different hospitals in Turkey. We included patients aged ³18 years who received at least 1 antimicrobial drug and at least 1 of any other drug. The Micromedex® online drug reference system was used to control and describe the interactions. Drug interactions were classified as contraindicated, major, moderate, and minor. RESULTS Potential drug-drug interactions with antimicrobials were 26.4% of all interactions. Five (42%) of 12 contraindicated interactions and 61 (38%) of 159 major interactions were with antimicrobials. Quinolones, triazoles, metronidazole, linezolid, and clarithromycin accounted for 173 (25.7%) of 673 prescribed antimicrobials, but were responsible for 141 (92.1%) of 153 interactions. In multivariate analysis, number of prescribed antimicrobials (odds ratio: 2.3001, 95% CI: 1.6237-3.2582), number of prescribed drugs (odds ratio: 1.2008, 95% CI: 1.0943-1.3177), and hospitalization in the university hospital (odds ratio: 1.7798, 95% CI: 1.0035-3.1564) were independent risk factors for developing drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS Due to risk of drug interactions, physicians should be more cautious when prescribing antimicrobials, particularly when prescribing quinolones, linezolid, azoles, metronidazole, and macrolides.
Simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen and structurally related compounds in human serum and plasma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The method described in this study allows the simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen (APAP) and nine structurally related compounds, namely acetaminophen metabolites and structurally similar analogs (acetaminophen‐glucuronide [APG], ‐sulfate [APS], mercapturate [APM], ‐cysteine [APC], p ‐phenetidine, phenacetin), antidote (N‐acetylcysteine, NAC), and two tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine and amitryptiline). Due to the relatively high serum concentration levels in the µg/ml range, matrix effects were simply minimized by dilution. The samples were diluted with water and disulfide bonds between serum proteins and analytes reduced using tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved by gradient elution using a pentafluorphenyl (PFP) column with subsequent detection by electrospray ionization (ESI) triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in positive and negative ionization multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Quantification was performed by means of deuterated analogues of the analytes as internal standards. Total run time of the assay was 19 min. The method was fully validated and allowed quantification of the analytes with lower limits of quantification between 50 and 0.5 ng/ml. The calibration curves were linear over the range 0.1–100 µg/ml for APAP, APG, NAC, p ‐phenetidine and phenacetin, 0.03‐50 µg/ml for APS, and 0.01‐10 µg/ml for APM, APC, imipramine and amitriptyline with correlation coefficients r 2 > 0.99. The intra‐assay precision was ≤5% for all analytes except NAC (CV < 10%). The inter‐day precision was ≤10% for all analytes except NAC (inter‐assay precision <11%). This method was used to analyze 77 patient and spiked samples and results were consistent with expected values from a round robin test. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer Credits and Economic Growth in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Consumption played a relatively less important role historically in China’s economic growth, which has been primarily driven by exports. As the Chinese government tries to stimulate domestic demand for economic growth outlined in the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, consumer credits have become increasingly important as China’s export-led growth slows down. This article describes the status of consumer credit and presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between consumer credit and economic growth.
A 450K arsenite-binding protein of the rabbit liver cytosol.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inorganic arsenic administered to animals is primarily associated with liver cytosolic macromolecules. The specifics of this binding and its role in arsenic toxicity have never been fully examined. This dissertation concentrated on determining the species of inorganic arsenic which binds to liver cytosolic proteins, the specific proteins involved and the characteristics of their arsenic binding using an in vitro incubation system to [⁷³As]-label proteins. Arsenite was the species which bound cytosolic proteins and this was attributed to its affinity for protein sulfhydryls. Ammonium sulfate precipitation of cytosolic proteins revealed three arsenite-binding proteins (AsBPs) with molecular weights of 100K, 450K and >2000K as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. Similar-sized proteins were observed in liver cytosol prepared from a rabbit administered [⁷³As]-arsenite in vivo. The binding of arsenite to the 450K AsBP was most stable and further work focused on its purification and characterization. Trivalent arsenic affinity chromatography suggested a dithiol-like binding site. Amino acid composition indicated less than 0.5 mol% cysteine residues and implied that other thiol-containing functional groups may be used to complex arsenite. Arsenite inhibits enzymes which contain protein-bound lipoic acid, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, by presumably binding to these dithiol functional groups. Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry established that arsenite complexes with reduced lipoic acid and might be binding to similar dithiol groups on the 450K AsBP. Comparison of the arsenite-binding activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and cytosol showed increases for the enzymes but a decrease for cytosol after pre-treatment with NADH which reduces lipoic acid groups. However, the arsenite-binding activity of the 450K AsBP increased by 26-fold. Antibody affinity studies, though, showed that the 450K AsBP was not recognized by antibodies which cross-react with lipoic acid epitopes on proteins. Preparative SDS-PAGE was successful in purifying the 450K AsBP by over 2300-fold. Attempts at sequencing this protein indicated a blocked N-terminus. Chemical cleavage by cyanogen bromide produced two fragments of approximately 60K and 53K. Isolation of these fragments and their sequencing is continuing.
Reform by Franco of Cologne as the basis of rhythmic notation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article describes the stages of development of rhythmic notation, characterizes the essence of the reform of Franco of Cologne. Its significance for the formation of the Ars Nova notation has been revealed. The research methodology is based on a combination of general-historical and theoretical methods. The Franco’s notation reform can be summed up by next basic points. Firstly, in the framework of the already existing and rather long tradition of mensural music, which began condition ally from Johannes de Garlandia (in theory, in practice – even before), the Franco’s treatise had a unifying and systematic meaning. Also, the author brilliantly summarized the groundwork of an entire epoch in the history of western rhythmic notation. If we consider the pre-Franco’s notation to be potentially mensural, then Franco puts it in a classical form that will be relevant for the next two centuries. Secondly, Franco in his reform fixes the transition from a modal notation (which is still not quite stable in terms of unambiguous reading) to the actual mensural (quite stable in this attitude). And finally, in a broader sense, the Franco’s mensural system can be considered a completely emancipated system of musical rhythm. It is not related to the rhythm of the poem, either with the rhythm of prose, or with a priori rhythmic formulas that largely comprise the content of modal rhythm. From this point of view, the mensural system represents a further step in separating music from the word, from the verse, from the grammar. The collapse and interpenetration of modes led to the idea of a triple metric unit, abstraction from modes, to the idea of perfection. The connection with modes remained, since the perfection was a triple one, but it was already a theoretical abstraction, practically equivalent to the modern concept of a bar. Further steps in this direction were made by Vitry and Muris.
6. Virtue‐talk about Violence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article 6. Virtue-talk about Violence Get access Graham Haydon Graham Haydon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 33, Issue 1, March 1999, Pages 51–58, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00116 Published: 16 December 2002
A Meta-Analysis on the Diagnostic Performance of Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Detecting Middle Ear Cholesteatoma: 10 Years On

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To describe via a meta-analysis of the published literature, the performance of non-echo-planar diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting middle ear cholesteatoma. Methodology: A systematic review of the published literature was performed to identify original studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of non-echo-planar DWI in detecting middle ear cholesteatoma. Only studies with surgical correlation were included. A bi-variate meta-analysis and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model was performed. Results: A total of 26 studies (1,152 patient episodes) were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.96), respectively were obtained. Separate subgroup analysis performed for primary cholesteatoma, postoperative cholesteatoma, pediatric cases, and adult cases all showed high sensitivities (range, 0.86–0.93) and specificities (0.88–0.97). There was a statistically significant degree of heterogeneity in terms of sensitivity between all studies ( I 2 value 46%) and in the pediatric subgroup ( I 2 value 78%). There was no evidence of significant heterogeneity between the specificity measurements. Conclusions: Non-echo-planar DWI is highly sensitive and specific in detecting cholesteatoma. A large prospective multicentre randomized controlled study could validate the findings and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DWI as an alternative for second-look surgery (control arm) in managing cases of postoperative cholesteatoma.
Ultrastructure of the Rat Testis in Experimental Uremia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ultrastructure of the testis was studied in chronically uremic rats with and without administration of hCG. Concomitantly, sham operated pair fed control rats were examined. In uremic rats the seminiferous tubules contained a certain number of necrotic spermatocytes and spermatids with defective acrosome formation. The Sertoli cells showed evidence of reduced function: they had only scarce endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Leydig cells were rather heterogeneous with respect to ultrastructure. Some cells had poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum, a small Golgi apparatus and no lipid droplets, while others appeared normal. Administration of hCG had marked effects on Leydig cells: such cells acquired numerous mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, while smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus were inconspicuous. In contrast, administration of hCH failed to reverse premature germ cell loss.