jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Haplotype-resolved de novo assembly with phased assembly graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Haplotype-resolved de novo assembly is the ultimate solution to the study of sequence variations in a genome. However, existing algorithms either collapse heterozygous alleles into one consensus copy or fail to cleanly separate the haplotypes to produce high-quality phased assemblies. Here we describe hifiasm, a new de novo assembler that takes advantage of long high-fidelity sequence reads to faithfully represent the haplotype information in a phased assembly graph. Unlike other graph-based assemblers that only aim to maintain the contiguity of one haplotype, hifiasm strives to preserve the contiguity of all haplotypes. This feature enables the development of a graph trio binning algorithm that greatly advances over standard trio binning. On three human and five non-human datasets, including California redwood with a $\sim$30-gigabase hexaploid genome, we show that hifiasm frequently delivers better assemblies than existing tools and consistently outperforms others on haplotype-resolved assembly.
Baculovirus inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) block activation of Sf-caspase-1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have investigated the ability of Sf-caspase-1 and two mammalian caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-3, to induce apoptosis in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-21 insect cells. While the transient expression of the pro-Sf-caspase-1 did not induce apoptosis, expression of the pro-domain deleted form, p31, or coexpression of the two subunits of mature Sf-caspase-1, p19 and p12, induced apoptosis in Sf-21 cells. The behavior of Sf-caspase-1 resembled that of the closely related mammalian caspase, caspase-3, and contrasted with that of the mammalian caspase-1, the pro-form of which was active in inducing apoptosis in Sf-21 cells. The baculovirus caspase inhibitor P35 blocked apoptosis induced by active forms of all three caspases. In contrast, members of the baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family failed to block active caspase-induced apoptosis. However, during viral infection, expression of OpIAP or CpIAP blocked the activation of pro-Sf-caspase-1 and the associated induction of apoptosis. Thus, the mechanism by which baculovirus IAPs inhibit apoptosis is distinct from the mechanism by which P35 blocks apoptosis and involves inhibition of the activation of pro-caspases like Sf-caspase-1.
Delicious Bodies, Beautiful Food, Powerful Pleasure

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I am an artist and a scholar. In my work, I adopt an interdisciplinary approach to drawing, feminism and ecology to explore the stereotype of the southern Italian woman, the terrona. In my research, I investigate how the terrona has been represented in media as attractive, buxom and sexualized. I use drawing to visualize and transform the stereotypical characteristics of the southern Italian woman and connect the terrona's traditional traits to the natural resources of the Mediterranean environment.
So you want to stop time

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A model of a stasis chamber, slowing the passage of time in its interior down to arbitrarily small rates relative to the outside world, is considered within classical general relativity. Since the model is adapted from the Majumdar-Papapetrou spacetime, interior spatial volumes are expanded by the same factor (cubed) as the rate of time is reduced. Real and apparent (gravitational) forces as perceived by an interior observer are altered, but in opposite ways. Comparison with special-relativistic time dilation shows the use of such a static stasis chamber to be economical only when the most drastic slowing of time relative to the outside world is desired (d(tau)/dt < 10^{-20}) or when one wants to avoid spending the time needed to accelerate to relativistic speeds.
Numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in aeration basin

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The movement rules of gas-liquid two-phase flow are discussed by the method of numerical simulation.The research results have shown that when the aperture was same,the more bigger of gas flow,the more greater of turbulent intensity,the gas and liquid mixed more enough and the aeration effect will be more better.For the same water depth and same aperture,the gas flow was the major factor for effecting the bubble size and velocity.When the gas flow or velocity was increase,the bubble volumes augmented,and the gas velocity increased obviously too.
Biodiversity, Urban Quality Life and Air Quality Indices for Hotspot Detection of Transformation Opportunities in Cities: A Case Study in Barcelona

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Half of the world's population lives in cities, where usually there are few little green space and there are also high levels of air pollution. Moreover, the traditional urbanization of cities contributes to climate change, promotes the loss of global biodiversity and induces serious health problems for citizens. Both climate change and the loss of biodiversity affect negatively to the ecosystems and therefore human health, as they are responsible for providing clean air, food, fresh water, medicines, renewable resources. . . This deterioration increases significantly the risk of human-borne infectious diseases such as coronavirus or HIV. The ability we have to re-naturalize anthropogenic spaces and learn to generate spaces for coexistence will be key for the future of our society. The research presented in this paper aims to do a step forward to achieve that ability by working in three schools of the city of Barcelona and their surroundings. Among other actions, in this project, a diagnosis of neighborhood has been carried out. The diagnosis includes the identification and quantification of relevant indicators regarding neighborhood's biodiversity and also the quality of daily life and the analysis of pollutants (NO2 and PM10) near the schools during the 2021-2022 school year. All these information has been merged in a single geographic data base and relevant hotspots where to act have been identified. The information has been shared with city council and citizens. Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.
Diaphragmatic paralysis after herpes zoster.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BRITISH 1571receiving iron, and neither receiving folic acid.This finding is superficially at variance with that of Chanarin et al. (1965), who found a greater fall of serum folate in late pregnancy among unsupplemented compared with iron-supplemented patients.However, this difference 'was not continued into the postpartum period in their cases, and this was the time at which the serum folate level was measured in the present series.Like Chanarin et al. ( 1965), we have found a higher incidence of megaloblastic anaemia, though different criteria were employed, in the unsupplemented group 1, compared with the iron- supplemented group 2 patients (Table III).The numbers of cases, however, are small. SummaryAntenatal patients have been randomly allocated to five prophylactic treatment groups at their first clinic visit.There- after their haemoglobin level was estimated at each visit, and they were removed from the trial if anaemia developed.In 350 consecutive patients the 2-4 day postpartum fasting serum folate level was measured.It was found that these levels were similar in the non-supplemented group 1 and the iron- supplemented group 2, but significantly raised in the iron plus 100 tig. of folic-acid-supplemented group 3.In the groups
Microscopic morphometry of abdominal aorta from men in New Orleans and Guatemala.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morphometric light microscope measurements were made on 154 abdominal aortas from 77 Guatemalan Indian-white (ladinos) men and from 77 new Orleans white men, aged 15 to 54 years. In each case, means were derived from 12 points measured independently. A progressive increase in intimal lipid with increasing age was observed in men from both countries. Extracellular intimal lipid was consistently higher in men from New Orleans than in those from Guatemala, although not always significantly so. Intimal thickness followed a similar pattern to intimal lipid regarding age and geographic location. Foam cells and leukocytes (mainly monocytes) did not follow a consistent pattern. The smooth muscle cell count was the only variable that was significantly greater in New Orleans men than in Guatemalans aged 15 to 34 years. Morphometric microscopic measurements were significantly correlated with unaided visual estimates of atherosclerotic lesions and with chemical determinations of lipid fractions in the arterial intima. All three methods, gross grading, microscopy, and chemistry, agree in revealing little or nor measureable difference between new Orleans men and Guatemalans younger than 35 years, but an accelerated divergence of the populations over age 35.
Will they cotton on? An investigation into schoolgirls use of low-cost sanitary pads in Uganda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Today, all over the world, millions of women are menstruating. For some, this natural monthly occurrence will pass almost unregistered, yet for others it will cause significant disruption to their daily lives. The disparity in experience may be attributed to factors such as the quality of water and sanitation facilities, accessibility to protection materials and pain relief, physiological understanding and hygiene behaviour. In low-income countries, where many of these factors are invariably limited, women tend to struggle more than their counterparts in high-income countries. Additionally, social systems, political indifference and cultural customs may compound womenʼs vulnerabilities, reducing their capacity to adequately manage their monthly periods. Hygiene interventions are therefore required not only to meet the pressing needs of the poor, but also to address this matter of injustice. In order to address a matter, it must first be understood. Menstruation Hygiene Management (MHM) in low-income countries is a relatively new area of study, so there are plenty of avenues still to be researched. Fundamental to them all, is a sound comprehension of the experiences of poor women and the reasons for their current behaviours. Both the problems and the coping strategies need to be analysed. The problems faced during menstruation are all too familiar to poor women. Even the non-poor may be able to correctly identify and empathise with some of them. Information gathering about MHM problems is of little value unless it leads to action. When embarking on this research, it was the authorʼs intention to go beyond publishing facts about menstrual hygiene problems to proposing practical solutions, or, at the very least, paving a way for someone else to do so.
Studies on the role of oxytocin in late pregnancy in the pregnant rhesus monkey: plasma concentrations of oxytocin in the maternal circulation throughout the 24-h day and the effect of the synthetic oxytocin antagonist [1-beta-Mpa(beta-(CH2)5)1,(Me(Tyr2, Orn8] oxytocin on spontaneous nocturnal myometrial contractions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous observations have demonstrated that under several different circumstances the pregnant rhesus monkey myometrium shows a spontaneous shift in activity from contractures to contractions around the beginning of the hours of darkness. Preliminary studies were conducted to demonstrate that the competitive oxytocin antagonist ([1-beta-Mpa(beta-(CH2)5)1,) Me)Tyr2, Orn8] oxytocin was effective in vivo in inhibiting oxytocin induced contraction type myometrial activity in the pregnant rhesus monkey in the last third of gestation. Four pregnant and one fetectomized rhesus monkey (98-141 days gestation) received one intra-arterial dose of oxytocin antagonist to study its ability to inhibit myometrial contractions occurring spontaneously around the onset of prevailing nighttime. In three pregnant monkeys (105-121 days gestation) maternal arterial plasma oxytocin levels were measured at 4-h intervals for a period of 48 h. Maternal plasma oxytocin concentration was maximal during the early hours of darkness and demonstrated a significant 24-h rhythm. From the combined results of both experiments it may be concluded that circulating oxytocin and/or a change in one of the many potential regulatory sites for oxytocin function plays a role in the switch from contractures to contractions that occurs around the beginning of the hours of darkness.
User Education and Information Literacy Instruction as Determinant of Use and Satisfaction with Library and Information Support Services at National Open University Nigeria (NOUN)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Library and information support services (LISS) to distance learners (DLs) and tutors are mandatory for qualitative learning and teaching. From the literature, LISS needs of Open and Distance Learners (ODLs) and their tutors (such as user education and information literacy instruction) were not adequately researched in Nigeria. This study, therefore, determined the relationship(s) between user education as well as information literacy instruction; and use as well as satisfaction with provided LISS for learning and instructional delivery at National Open University, Nigeria (NOUN). The objectives were to examine the LISS provided and accessed by learners and tutors at NOUN; determine NOUN learners' and tutors' information literacy self-efficacy to use information services among others. Survey research method was adopted for the study. It adopted qualitative and quantitative methods using a semi-structured interview and the questionnaire to collect data from learners, tutors and support librarians, Data were analyzed using percentages, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and ANOVA. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant relationship between DLs' and tutors' access and satisfaction with LISS and between DLs' and tutors' information literacy self-efficacy and use of LISS. The study concluded that though NOUN made provision for both physical and virtual LISS to support learning and instructional delivery, the services were inadequate to DLs and tutors. It therefore recommended the provision of enhanced LISS as well as more courses on information literacy.
Bodies of the Anthropocene: On the interactive plasticity of earth systems and biological organisms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Anthropocene literature has brought attention to the plasticity and porosity of Earth systems under the dramatic impact of human activities. Moving across scales of analysis, this paper focuses attention on anthropogenic effects at the micro-scale of genomic regulation, neuronal functioning and cellular activity. Building on expanding dialogues at the interface of Anthropocene science, biogeography, microbiology and ecotoxicology, we mobilize epigenetic findings to show increasing evidence of anthropogenic changes in plants, animals and human bodies. Treating human-induced changes at the macro-global and micro-biological scales as part of an intertwined process has implications for how these problems are conceptualised and addressed. While we are sceptics about major geo-bio-social syntheses, we believe that agile social-scientific tools can facilitate interaction across disciplines without denying unevenness, and differences. If rightly contextualized in broad anthropological and social science frameworks, biosocial work on epigenetics offers a compelling avenue to make detectable the ‘slow violence’ of everyday pollution, racism, inequalities and the disproportionate impact of the Anthropocene on the poor and vulnerable. Consolidating work at the Anthropocene/biology interface has potential to offer a richer and more complete picture of the present crisis at the macro and micro-scale alike.
THE EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL, TRANSACTIONAL, AND LAISSEZ-FAIRE LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY CONDUCTED ON THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN MOROCCO

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research explores the influence of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles on employee motivation within the private sector in Morocco.The study reveals that while transformational and transactional leadership styles significantly enhance employee motivation, the impact of laissez-faire leadership is less consistent.The article underscores the complexity of motivation, suggesting leaders need to adapt their style to the unique needs and aspirations of their employees.
Examining the behavioral intentions of tourism destination communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explain the behavior of tourist destinations communities toward the Smart Rural Tourism Information System (SRTIS). It reveals through their intentional behavior where the technological environment mediates the relation with their behavior to deliver the information. For this reason, we surveyed selected tourism destinations, where the respondent represented by various community groups. The approach used Planned Behavior Theory to explain behavioral intention. Using the PLS application, we found that the technological environment affects the behavioral intention to convey tourist information. Furthermore, the intention to convey affects conveying information in SRTIS. The research results showed that various tourist destination communities are ready to share information in each destination. The technology environment supports it, communities' cellular phone usage, as a mediation. So, encouraging communities to provide information in the system built will keep the destination sustainable. Hence, we suggest that the local government empower communities to consider more tourism resources and promote them.
Indications and Use of Hydrogen Peroxide during Microvascular Flap Reconstruction Surgery: A Literature and Procedural Use Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Microvascular flap reconstruction surgery is a limb preservation procedure performed in an effort to maintain the integrity of the lower limb and avoid amputations. Individuals facing the prospect of amputation often have long-term diabetes with multiple comorbidities, including severe peripheral vascular disease; peripheral arterial disease; chronic ulcerations; and Charcot arthropathy. Long-term clinical research has shown that these patients are at much higher risk for secondary amputations after a first amputation is performed. According to Sohn et al, Charcot and ulcer groups had 4.1 and 4.7 amputations per 100 person-years, respectively. In patients younger than 65 years old at the end of follow-up, amputation risk, relative to patients with Charcot alone, was 7 times higher for patients with ulcer alone and 12 times higher for patients with Charcot and ulcer. Patients with infected hardware, suffering from acute ulcerative conditions, may also be candidates for this type of surgery due to extensive tissue loss secondary to infection. Microvascular flap reconstruction surgery is a highly technical surgery involving the use of orthoplastic techniques, which is performed under ×3.5 loupe magnification. Due to the inability to perform this procedure with the use of a tourniquet, visibility within the field is obfuscated from continuous blood flow along the dissected muscle belly. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an excellent alternative to tourniquet use. The use of H2O2 allows additional benefits, such as visual field clearance and antisepsis.
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-caj-10.1177_0846537121998961 - Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Clinical Practice Guidance for Non-Vascular Thoracic MRI

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-caj-10.1177_0846537121998961 for Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Clinical Practice Guidance for Non-Vascular Thoracic MRI by Elsie T. Nguyen, Hamid Bayanati, Ana-Maria Bilawich, Felipe Sanchez Tijmes, Robert Lim, Scott Harris, Carole Dennie and Anastasia Oikonomou in Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal
Cerebral Na+, K+-ATPase Activity during Exposure to and Recovery from Acute Ischemia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study documents the Na + , K + -ATPase activity as well as selected parameters of oxidative metabolism and electrophysiological function in rat brain exposed to ischemia produced by electrocautery of the vertebral arteries and reversible occlusion of the carotid arteries. During a 0.5-h ischemic exposure in which the electroencephalograph (EEG) was abolished and energy metabolism severely compromised the Na + , K + -ATPase showed a capability for enhanced activity (120–140% of control), On recirculation, the Na + , K + -ATPase activity showed a phasic pattern, which was characterized by normal values at 0.25–2 h, increased values (115–125% of control) at 3–24 h, and, finally, normal values at 72 h of recirculation, respectively. The maintenance of Na + , K + -ATPase integrity was correlated with a gradual return of EEG activity and virtually complete restitution of the cerebral energy state during the 72 h of recirculation. Measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive material and water soluble antioxidant during ischemia and recirculation gave no evidence of the presence of significant free radical lipid peroxidation in this model. It is concluded that Na + , K + -ATPase and its associated membrane lipids are not irreversibly damaged by ischemia in which the tissue lactacidosis is limited to less than 20 μmol g −1 .
Downregulation of CYP2E1 is associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression of gliomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To explore the role and possible regulatory mechanisms of CYP2E1 in gliomas. Methods RNA‑seq data and corresponding clinical information of glioma patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and mRNA data of normal brain tissues were obtained by the Genotype‐Tissue Expression project. The Wilcoxon test was performed to analyze the correlation between CYP2E1 expression and glioma subtypes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to evaluate the prognostic value of CYP2E1 in glioma. Functional enrichment analyses and immune infiltration analyses were performed to investigate the potential function of CYP2E1 in gliomas. Moreover, we investigated the miRNA and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate CYP2E1 expression. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking experiments were used to predict drugs that target CYP2E1. Results The downregulation of CYP2E1 expression may predict a poor prognosis for glioma patients. CYP2E1 expression decreased with increasing WHO grade (II–IV), and its level was correlated with clinical features, including age, 1p19q codeletion status, and IDH state in glioma tissues. Furthermore, CYP2E1 was involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis and related to the tumor immune microenvironment due to its strong correlation with the levels of infiltrating monocytes and Tregs. Moreover, variation in the total methylation level and copy number of CYP2E1 was moderately correlated with its mRNA expression ( p < 0.05). CYP2E1 was predicted to be targeted by hsa‐miR‐527, whose expression was negatively related to CYP2E1 mRNA expression ( p < 0.05). In addition, effective compounds that target CYP2E1, including 18beta‐glycyrrhetinic acid, styrene, toluene, nicotine, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, and colchicine, were identified. Conclusion The downregulation of CYP2E1, which affects lipid metabolism and the ferroptosis signaling pathway, promotes the progression of gliomas.