jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Internal-External Locus of Control among Hospital Personnel in Turkey and its Managerial Implications on Health Sector

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Rotter's concept of locus of has its foundation in learning theory which is currently one of the most studied variables in psychology and the other social sciences. Locus of control (LOC) is a well-known cognitive-behavioral psychological dimension used to describe a person's characteristic way of perceiving the world. LOC is typically measured on an internal-external continuum. To the degree that a person's LOC is external, he or she will tend to perceive reinforcements as being the result of other people, luck, and circumstances beyond personal control. To the extent that a person's LOC is internal, he or she will report more control over life circumstances, and claim more personal responsibility for outcomes. Put another way, people with a more external LOC tend to believe that life experiences happen from the outside-in, while those with a more internal LOC have an inside-out psychology. In this research, internal-external locus of control of hospital personnel in Istanbul-Turk ey was comparatively analyzed. On the terms of internal-external LOC, statistically no meaningful differentiation was found among the health sector personnel at University, Ministry of Health and Private hospitals on the institutional base. It was found that there was not statistically meaningful difference on internal-external LOC for doctors when compared with managers and nurses. When the issue comes to nurses vs. managers, it was found that nurses were more externally controlled than the managers. Surprisingly, there was no positiv e meaningful correlation among the LOC scores with educational level and also marital status. The variables that seemed to affect the scores of internal-external LOC were age and work experience. With the increase in age and work experience of the participants, it was determined that they tended to behave more likely internally controlled.
Structural control of immunogenicity. 3. Preparation for and elicitation of anamnestic antibody responses by oligo- and poly-lysines and their DNP derivatives.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A complete evaluation of the immunogenicity of oligo-L-lysines and their mono-ε-DNP derivatives requires a determination of their capacity to prepare animals for secondary responses to a highly immunogenic analogue and to elicit secondary responses in animals prepared with such an analogue. It is shown here that 1-ε-DNP-tetra-L-lysine is not effective, or only marginally effective, in preparing PLL+ guinea-pigs for secondary anti-DNP responses to DNP-poly-L-lysine whereas 1-ε-DNP-nona-L-lysine is active in such preparation. Similarly, in animals primed to DNP-ovalbumin, supplemental immunization with tetra-L-lysine is not effective in preparing strain 2 guinea-pigs for a secondary anti-DNP response to DNP-poly-L-lysine whereas both nona-L-lysine and poly-L-lysine are effective, the latter to a considerably greater degree. In animals primed with DNP-poly-L-lysine or with DNP-ovalbumin and poly-L-lysine, DNP-poly-L-lysine elicits secondary anti-DNP responses whereas neither 1-ε-DNP-nona-L-lysine or 1-ε-DNP-tetra-L-lysine do. The data indicate that a hierarchy in the degree of immunogenicity exists within the lysyl peptides series with poly-L-lysine more immunogenic than nona-L-lysine and this, in turn, more immunogenic than tetra-L-lysine which is either non-immunogenic or marginally immunogenic. Further, the determination of immunogenicity is a feature either of the `helper' cell population or of a step in the response which is prior to the activation of `helper' cells.
A comparative study of crystallographic van der Waals radii

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Important data sets of crystallographic van der Waals radii covering major portions of the Periodic Table are reviewed, including those originally published in Pauling’s pioneering work in the late 1930s, together with other more recent data sets. The van der Waals radii for rare gases are determined next from short contact distances in crystallographic data, as an illustration of the value of crystal structure databases for the direct determination of van der Waals radii for non-metallic elements. Then, van der Waals radii for the other non-metallic and metallic elements, as presented in the literature and having been determined using various approaches, are compared systematically. Finally, certain outstanding problems related to the derivation and application of van der Waals radii are discussed, and further investigations of crystallographic van der Waals radii are suggested.
Considerations in the statistical analysis of clinical trials in periodontitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Adult periodontitis has been described as a chronic infectious process exhibiting sporadic, acute exacerbations which cause quantal, localized losses of dental attachment. Many analytic problems of periodontal trials are similar to those of other chronic diseases. However, the episodic, localized, infrequent, and relatively unpredictable behavior of exacerbations, coupled with measurement error difficulties, cause some specific problems. Considerable controversy exists as to the proper selection and treatment of multiple site data from the same patient for group comparisons for epidemiologic or therapeutic evaluative purposes. This paper comments, with varying degrees of emphasis, on several issues pertinent to the analysis of periodontal trials. Considerable attention is given to the ways in which measurement variability may distort analytic results. Statistical treatments of multiple site data for descriptive summaries are distinguished from treatments for formal statistical inference to validate therapeutic effects. Evidence suggesting that sites behave independently is contested. For inferential analyses directed at therapeutic or preventive effects, analytic models based on site independence are deemed unsatisfactory. Methods of summarization that may yield more powerful analyses than all‐site mean scores, while retaining appropriate treatment of inter‐site associations, are suggested. Brief comments and opinions on an assortment of other issues in clinical trial analysis are preferred.
Use of Emotion-focused Therapy in the treatment of a case of anorexia nervosa

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is an empirically validated form of psychotherapy that has been indicated in the treatment of eating disorders given the alexithymic nature of individuals with eating disorders, particularly anorexia. There were two aspects to the single case study of a client diagnosed with anorexia nervosa who took part in an emotion-focused therapy across 28 months. First, the Observer-Rated Measure of Affect Regulation (O-MAR) was used to track change in emotion experience across treatment. Second, a task analytic research methodology was employed to track client process as she engaged in the two-chair dialog for self-evaluative splits throughout therapy. Implications for updating the model for working with self-evaluative splits in application to this specific population are outlined. The detailed case study is intended to serve as a stepping stone for future research regarding efficacious processes when using EFT with eating disorder clients, particularly those whose suffering has been chronic and severe.
Rift Valley fever virus (

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is an arbovirus in the Bunyaviridae family that, from phylogenetic analysis, appears to have first emerged in the mid-19th century and was only identified at the begininning of the 1930s in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. Despite being an arbovirus with a relatively simple but temporally and geographically stable genome, this zoonotic virus has already demonstrated a real capacity for emerging in new territories, as exemplified by the outbreaks in Egypt (1977), Western Africa (1988) and the Arabian Peninsula (2000), or for re-emerging after long periods of silence as observed very recently in Kenya and South Africa. The presence of competent vectors in countries previously free of RVF, the high viral titres in viraemic animals and the global changes in climate, travel and trade all contribute to make this virus a threat that must not be neglected as the consequences of RVF are dramatic, both for human and animal health. In this review, we present the latest advances in RVF virus research. In spite of this renewed interest, aspects of the epidemiology of RVF virus are still not fully understood and safe, effective vaccines are still not freely available for protecting humans and livestock against the dramatic consequences of this virus.
The Role of Vaccination Centers in a National Mass Immunization Campaign—Policymaker Insights from the German COVID-19 Pandemic Vaccine Roll-Out

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

During the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, Germany, like other high-income countries, introduced mass vaccination centers for administering vaccinations. This qualitative study aimed to examine the role that these novel, temporary government healthcare structures played in a mass immunization roll-out and how they can be optimally deployed. In addition, learnings for general emergency preparedness were explored. A total of 27 high-level policymakers responsible for planning and implementing the COVID vaccination campaign at the national and state level in Germany were interviewed in May and June 2022. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Interviewees indicated that mass vaccination structures played an essential role with respect to controllability, throughput, accessibility and openness in line with the key success criteria vaccination coverage, speed and accessibility. In contrast to the regular vaccination structures (private medical practices and occupational health services), public administration has direct authority over mass vaccination centers, allowing for reliable vaccine access prioritization and documentation. The deployment of vaccination centers should be guided by vaccine availability and demand, and vaccine requirements related to logistics, as well as local capacities, i.e., public-health-service strength and the physician density, to ensure effective, timely and equitable access. Improvements to the capacity use, scalability and flexibility of governmental vaccination structures are warranted for future pandemics.
Study on the Relationship between Polymorphisms of ESR and FSHβ Genes and Teat Number of Sow

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PCR-RFLP and PCR methods were adopted to examine the genetic variety of ESR and FSHβ genes in 144 Yorkshire Sows, and the difference of sows′ teat number among different genotypes and the combined genotypes of ESR and FSHβ were analyzed. The results showed that ESR and FSHβ genes had a notable influence on sow' teat number. Both ESR and FSHβ, genotype BB was the genotype that had the most teats, and BBBB was the combined genotype that had the most teats. In genotype effect, the sow's average teat number with the genotype BB in ESR and FSHβ genes were 14.50 and 14.37, and the combined genotype BBBB was 14.73, which indicated that the genotype effect of the combined genotype was bigger than the genotype effect of a single gene but was not the simple summation of each genotype effect.
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression profiling of RWP-RK gene family under low nitrogen and nodulation in Arabidopsis and legumes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Nitrogen, as a constituent of amino acids and nucleic acids, is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. The nitrogen-fixation clade (NFC) is a clade, consisting of Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales, where all nodulating plants have been originated. The plant-specific RWP-RK family of transcription factors are involved in nitrate responses and play specific roles in nodule inception. In the present study, by investigation of RWP-RKs at genome-wide level and comparative coexpression networks, the roles of RWP-RKs involved in nitrate response and nodulation were analyzed to reveal evolution of RWP-RKs and a possible relationship between nitrogen signaling and nodulation.Results Here, we systematically investigated 292 RWP-RKs from 26 species of legumes and non-legumes of NFC by whole-genomic analysis and characterized their evolutionary relationships, protein motifs, and gene structures. We compared RWP-RK networks from Arabidopsis thaliana under N-starvation and N-supplementation conditions, as well as transcriptome atlases from Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max . This revealed that N starvation, which is essential for nodulation, alters the connectivity of RWP-RKs to other genes, including symbiosis-related genes. Meanwhile, appropriately low concentrations of nitrates stimulate nodulation by regulating RWP-RK expression in P. vulgaris .Conclusions Our comparative evolutionary analysis of RWP-RKs between A. thaliana and legumes revealed the evolutionary features and the relationship between the nitrate signaling pathway in a model organism and nodulation in legumes.
Effects of exposure period and nutrition on the developmental neurotoxicity of anticonvulsants in rats: short and long-term effects.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The results of three experiments on the functional neuroteratogenicity of anticonvulsants in rats are presented. Two of the experiments have been reported previously and are reviewed here, while the third experiment is presented here for the first time. The first experiment examined prenatal phenytoin (200 mg/kg), trimethadione (250 mg/kg), and phenobarbital (80 mg/kg) for critical period effects by exposing separate groups of rats to the drugs or to vehicle on embryonic (E) days 7-10, 11-14, or 15-18. Phenytoin produced effects in the E11-14 offspring, but few effects in the E15-18 offspring, and almost no effects in the E7-10 offspring. Phenytoin's E11-14 effects in the offspring were increased pivoting, delayed swimming ontogeny, hyperactivity, impaired water maze learning, and impaired passive avoidance retention. The second experiment looked for phenytoin's long-term effects. Phenytoin-exposed offspring administered 200 mg/kg on E7-18 exhibited numerous postnatal dysfunctions, including water maze learning deficits that persisted to beyond 501 days of age. The learning deficits were neither increased nor decreased in severity at this age compared to those seen in littermates tested at 50 days of age. The third experiment assessed the role of manganese in counteracting phenytoin-induced postnatal dysfunction and the possible confounding effects of maternal undernutrition associated with the drug's administration. The typical pattern of phenytoin-induced behavioral effects was observed in rat offspring. The results demonstrated that undernutrition was not a confound, since pair-feeding and pair-watering controls did not diminish the phenytoin-induced dysfunction in the offspring. Also, administration of a manganese supplementation (200 ppm in the drinking water) during gestation did not significantly alter the pattern of phenytoin-induced postnatal effects.
The genetic background of resistance to common bacterial blight in newly identified common bean lines on the basis of inheritance studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp). is a major disease problem of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The inheritance of resistance in Xrl and Xr2 lines to two isolates of Xcp was studied in the F2 and F3 popu­lations from the crosses between these lines and the Masay variety (susceptible to Xcp). Segregation patterns indicated that different single recessive genes presumably in coupling phase linkage determined the resistance to the HUN and EK-1 1 strains of Xcp in both lines. The presence of some minor, modifying genes beside the monogenic genetic background of resistance was also observed. Xrl and Xr2 lines represent valuable new monogenic genetic sources in resistance breeding to CBB.
Criteria of efficiency for set-valued classification

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study optimal conformity measures for various criteria of efficiency of set-valued classification in an idealised setting. This leads to an important class of criteria of efficiency that we call probabilistic and argue for; it turns out that the most standard criteria of efficiency used in literature on conformal prediction are not probabilistic unless the problem of classification is binary. We consider both unconditional and label-conditional conformal prediction.
Cyberharrassment and Online Defamation: A default form of regulations?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The notion of freedom of expression is a fundamental principle of democratic societies, and perhaps nowhere is this more clearly articulated and defended than on the Internet. Developed upon laissez-faire principles that characterised the American frontier, the Internet has become strongly identified with a particularly liberal interpretation of free speech rights. However, studies into computer-mediated communication ( CMC ) suggest the promotion of liberal free speech rights has contributed to a contemporary Internet culture that both facilitates and accepts as ‘normal’ an adversarial style of interaction, that has the potential to degenerate into abuse and online defamation. In such situations the right to freedom of expression for some individuals may be severely compromised. This is illustrated in the case study Cullen v White, which explores the impact of a sustained and malicious campaign of online harassment and defamation on both an individual, and more laterally the electronic public sphere. This case study highlights the danger this more insidious form of ‘regulation’ poses to free speech rights and a healthy electronic public sphere, and draws parallels between the impact of online harassment and defamation, and the oft-quoted dangers posed to freedom of expression by opportunistic defamation law suits designed to ‘chill’ speech.
ATLAS HF production and decay properties

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

First measurements of non-prompt J/psi fraction in pp collisions at c.m.s. energy 13 TeV and new results from Run 1 data analysis are presented for HF production and decays. Run 1 results include observation and measurement of Z+J/psi associated production, f_s/f_d mesurements and the branching ratio measurement for Lambda_b decays to psi(2S)+Lambda and J/psi+Lambda.
Protein language models are performant in structure-free virtual screening

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hitherto virtual screening (VS) has been typically performed using a structure-based drug design paradigm. Such methods typically require the use of molecular docking on high-resolution three-dimensional structures of a target protein—a computationally-intensive and time-consuming exercise. This work demonstrates that by employing protein language models and molecular graphs as inputs to a novel graph-to-transformer cross-attention mechanism, a screening power comparable to state-of-the-art structure-based models can be achieved. The implications thereof include highly expedited VS due to the greatly reduced compute required to run this model, and the ability to perform early stages of computer-aided drug design in the complete absence of 3D protein structures.
Orthopaedic waiting lists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:

In medical and surgical departments around the world, morbidity and mortality conferences (MMC) serve dual roles: they are cornerstones of quality-improvement programs and provide timely opportunities for education within the urgent context of clinical care. Despite the widespread adoption of MMCs, adverse events and preventable errors remain high or incompletely characterized, and opportunities to learn from and adjust to these events are frequently lost. This review examines the published literature on strategies to improve surgical MMCs.

Methods:

We searched OVID Medline, PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL. We defined our combination of search terms using a PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) model, focusing on the use of MMCs in general surgery.

Results:

The MMC literature focused on 5 themes: educational value, error analysis, case selection and representation, attendance and dissemination. Strategies used to increase educational value included limiting case presentation time to 15–20 minutes, mandatory brief literature reviews, increasing audience interaction, and standardizing presentations using a PowerPoint template or SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) format. Interventions to improve error analysis included focused discussion on causative factors and taxonomic error analysis. Case selection was improved by using an electronic clinical registry, such as the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program, to better capture incidence of morbidity and mortality. Attendance was improved with teleconferencing. Dissemination strategies included MMC newsletters, incorporating MMCs into plan-do-check-act cycles, and surgeon report cards.

Conclusion:

Greater standardization of best practices may increase the quality improvement and educational impact of MMCs and provide a baseline to measure the effect of new MMC format innovations on the clinical and educational performance of surgical systems.
Pseudoexfoliative material in the eyelid skin of pseudoexfoliation-suspect patients: a clinico-histopathological correlation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome has recently been suggested to represent the intraocular manifestation of a systemic disorder. In the present study, we examined the correlation between the extraocular occurrence of PSX material in eyelid skin and clinical indications of early stages of PSX syndrome using transmission and immunoelectron microscopy. Typical PSX aggregates were demonstrated in 7 of the eyelid-skin biopsy specimens taken from 12 patients who had been categorized as "PSX suspects" on the basis of certain clinical signs related to loss and dispersion of melanin from the iris pigment epithelium and to iris stromal atrophy but showed no clinical evidence of PSX syndrome in either eye. Another 3 lid specimens obtained from PSX suspects exhibited signs of atypical PSX fibrillopathy. The PSX deposits revealed immunolabeling for heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, entactin/nidogen, elastin, amyloid P, and vitronectin. These findings suggest that certain clinical signs indicating early PSX syndrome obviously correlate with the extraocular occurrence of PSX material before its clinically visible appearance on the surfaces of the anterior and posterior chambers.