jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dangers of Radio-translucent Dental Plates

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

MEDBJRAL=a slightly older age group-6 weeks to 8 or 9 months.Rarely has it been necessary to use the largest, 15-mm., size bell.In most cases the 13-mm.size has been adequate.We found the method had great advan- tages over the usual surgical technique for the reasons discussed in the article, though in this age group a short general anaesthetic is necessary.One complication has, however, occurred in two cases in our group-namely, that the bell has worked its way up the penis instead of falling off after the separation of the remnant of preputial skin.The bell con- stricted the penis and caused oedema distal to the bell.This complication was treated by cutting through the plastic bell with scissors to remove it.The oedema then rapidly settled and the final result was excellent.We consider this complication is due to pushing the bell too far over the glans, perhaps further than the coronal sulcus, prior to tying the ligature.There have been no other complications and we are very satisfied with the results of this technique over this wider age group.-Iam, etc.,
Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy without Inversion Symmetry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Transient absorption is a very powerful observable in attosecond experiments on atoms, molecules and solids and is frequently used in experiments employing phase-locked few-cycle infrared and XUV laser pulses derived from high harmonic generation. We show numerically and analytically that in non-centrosymmetric systems, such as many polyatomic molecules, which-way interference enabled by the lack of parity conservation leads to new spectral absorption features, which directly reveal the laser electric field. The extension of Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (ATAS) to such targets hence becomes sensitive to global and local inversion symmetry. We anticipate that ATAS will find new applications in non-centrosymmetric systems, in which the carrier-to-envelope phase of the infrared pulse becomes a relevant parameter and in which the orientation of the sample and the electronic symmetry of the molecule can be addressed.
Complexation and Transport of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations byp-tert-Butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene Tetraketone Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The binding properties of three p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene tetraketone derivatives (tert-butyl 2b, adamantyl 2c and phenyl 2d) in the cone conformation and one derivative (methyl 2a) in a partial cone conformation, towards alkali and alkaline earth metal cations have been established by extraction studies of metal picrates from water into dichloromethane, stability constant measurements in methanol and acetonitrile, and by 1H NMR spectrometry. Transport experiments of metal picrates through a dichloromethane membrane were also performed. The results are compared to those obtained with closely-related calix[n]arene derivatives (n = 4 and 5) and discussed in terms of the substituents, size and conformational effects. Methylketone 2a is a poor binder for all the cations studied, due to its partial cone conformation. Ketones 2b, 2c and 2d show high extraction and complexation levels for the alkali cations, with similar profiles and preference for K+ and Na+ (plateau selectivity). Towards alkaline earth cations, these ketones show a strong peak selectivity for Ba2+ in extraction, but a plateau selectivity for Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ in complexation. The nature of the substituent attached to the ketone function has some influence on their binding properties, with phenylketone 2d being a slightly weaker binder than ketones 2b and 2c. 1H NMR titrations confirm the formation of 1:1 complexes between the ketones and the cations studied, also indicating that they should be located inside the cavity defined by the phenoxy and carbonyl oxygen atoms. Ketones 2b, 2c and 2d show transport rates that do not follow, in general, the same trends observed in extraction and complexation.
Misrepresented Interests: Business, Medicare, and the Making of the American Health Care State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A belief that there is a pervasive and enduring adversarial relationship between business and the welfare state is shared widely across scholarly disciplines engaged in historical and comparative analysis of social politics. According to that view, each stage in the expansion of the American welfare state was a defeat for capitalists. Detailed evidence on the politics of health care, with special focus on the passage of Medicare in 1965, casts serious doubt on this dominant view about class politics, the welfare state, and the power of business. It shows that much of the literature takes a hazardous inferential leap from national business organizations’ official positions against reform to overconfident conclusions about actual business opinions. The literature also mistakenly discounts evidence of business support for moderate reforms as strategic camouflage of actual opposition designed to head off more radical ones. Extensive evidence reveals enormous division within business rather than unity about the health care state, and a great deal of support from large and powerful corporations for its creation and expansion. Evidence about the economic implications of health insurance for businesses, including before and after Medicare, and all the way to the Affordable Care Act of 2010, indicates that the support was genuine, not strategic, and that sometimes it was critical for passage. That support calls for new thinking about how to answer the perennial question about class power in America: “Who actually governs?”
Between being and becoming a Buendía : the dilemma in one hundred years of solitude.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Literature and Philosophy may be two very different fields of studies, but it is not impossible to read literature in conjunction with philosophical ideas. Derek Attridge states Derrida’s belief that “Literary theory, or poetics, has always consciously worked under the sign of philosophy” in his introduction to Acts of Literature, arguing for a possible and creative welding of two different fields of studies (3). Attridge and Derrida both claim that every text can be read as literary and philosophical interpretations of thoughts because the difference between literature and philosophy is not as distinct as it appears to be. The claim is not difficult to digest as one often comes across fictions illustrating philosophical concerns of death, morality, ethics and being, as well as philosophy very much informed by extraordinary events documented in religious texts and literary fictions.
Christine de Pizan's Metaphoric Womb

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a medieval woman writer, Christine de Pizan (ca. 1364-1430) was in an unusual position which necessitated not only that she establish her authority as a vernacular writer, like her male counterparts, but also that she find a way to reconcile her scholarly activity with her sex. In the Livre de la cité des dames, Christine finds a unique solution to her problem of authority and identity. It is my contention that in this work Christine presents an ingeniously crafted and multifaceted metaphor of the development of human life in the womb, what I term her “womb metaphor.” The Cité des dames involves an overarching allegory whereby Christine's book narrates the process of its own development, presenting it as the construction of the City of Ladies. The task that Christine sets out for herself in the Cité is no less than the composition of a convincing and erudite response to the entire misogynistic scholarly tradition. The womb metaphor not only involves a scene of metaphoric conception within the space of a womb, but also constitutes another dimension of the global book/city/defense allegory of Christine-author's project.
UVB Radiation Induces Persistent Activation of Ribosome and Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathways

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has strong biological effects and modulates the expression of many genes. The major biological pathways affected by UVB radiation remain controversial. In this work, we used a loop-design microarray approach and applied rigorous statistical analyses to identify differentially regulated genes at 4, 8, 16 or 24 h after UVB irradiation. The most prominent biological categories in lists of differentially regulated gene sets were extracted by functional enrichment analysis. With this approach, we determined that genes participating in two prime cellular processes, the ribosome pathway and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, were persistently activated after UVB irradiation. Mitochondrial activity assays confirmed increased activity for up to 24 h after UVB irradiation. These results suggest that the persistent activation of ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation pathways may have a key role in UVB-radiation-induced cellular responses. For the first time, the specific cellular pathways that respond to UVB radiation consistently and persistently can be delineated with confidence using a loop-design microarray approach and functional bioinformatics analysis. The results of this study offer further insight into UVB-radiation-induced stress responses.
Acute epididymitis and urinary tract anomalies in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Correspondence to Mr Christopher R. Chapple, Urology Research Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK. Tel: +44 114 271 2791; fax: +44 114 279 8318 Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
Growth Factors Sculpt the Synapse

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The brain's ability to learn and remember is at least partly due to the changing strength of its cell-to-cell connections, the synapses. Growth factors, previously thought to confine their action on synapses to the developing organism, can also change synaptic strength in the adult; an example in the invertebrate Aplysia is reported by Zhang et al . on p. 1318 of this issue. In her Perspective, Schuman discusses how these new results add to what is known about the actions of growth factors in the adult and developing brain.
1-Methylidenesqualene and 25-Methylidenesqualene as Active-Site Probes for Bacterial Squalene:Hopene Cyclase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1-methylidenesqualene and 25-methylidenesqualene were converted to 30-methylidenehop-22(29)-ene by squalene:hopene cyclase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius. It was remarkable that both analogues generated the same product. The hopanyl intermediate cation, stabilized by the methylidene residue, enabled a rotation of the isobutenyl group at C-21 prior to the final proton elimination. In contrast, in the formation of hop-22(29)-ene, the final proton abstraction takes place regiospecifically from the Z-methyl group, which was verified by cyclization of (1,1,1,24,24,24-(2)H(6))squalene into (23,23,23,30,30,30-(2)H(6))hop-22(29)-ene. [reaction: see text]
Chest Wall Tuberculosis: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results: The most common presenting symptom was a palpable mass found in 24 patients (92.3%). In all patients, CT revealed a soft tissue mass that was accompanied by a central low density, with or without peripheral rim enhancement. The sensitivity and specificity of the bone scintigram for bone involvement were 87.5% and 100%, respectively. CWTB was diagnosed preoperatively by aspiration cytology and smear for acid ‐fast bacilli in five out of 11 patients. Twenty‐three patients (88.5%) underwent a radical excision and three underwent incision/drainage or an incisional biopsy. The duration of antituberculous medication was 7.5±3.98 months with a follow‐up period of 28.2±26.74 months. Among the 20 patients who completed their treatment, nine received chemotherapy for six months or less and 11 received chemotherapy for nine months or more. Two patients had a recurrence four and seven months after starting their medication. Conclusion: A 6 month regimen may be appropriate for CWTB patients who have undergone a complete excision.
Mitochondria-ER cooperation: NLRX1 detects mitochondrial protein import stress and promotes mitophagy through the ER protein RRBP1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondria rely on efficient protein import across their membranes for optimal function. We have shown that numerous mitochondrial stressors all converge on a common pathway disrupting this import efficiency. We identified a novel pathway involving NLRX1 and RRBP1 that responds to this import stress, resulting in LC3 lipidation, mitochondrial targeting and ultimate degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the relevance of this mitophagy axis in murine skeletal muscle following acute exercise. We propose that mitochondrial protein import stress is an underlying, common trigger for mitophagy, offering a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration and mechanistic insight.
SWYNT: Swin Y-Net Transformers for Deepfake Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, less technical individuals can create false videos by only source and target images, using deepfakes generation tools and methodologies. Distributing false information on social media and other concerns related to the deepfakes have thus significantly increased. To deal with the challenges posed by incorrect details, efficient Deepfakes detection algorithms must be developed considering the tremendous advancement in deepfakes generating techniques. Existing techniques are not reliable enough to find deepfakes, especially when the videos are made with various deepfakes generation methods. The Swin Y-Net Transformers (SWYNT) architecture we created in this paper can visually discriminate between natural and artificial faces. The architecture uses a Swin transformer, encoder, and decoder in a U -Net architecture with a classification branch to build a model that can classify and segment deepfakes. The segmentation process creates segmentation masks and helps train the classifier. We have evaluated our suggested method using the extensive, standard, and diverse FaceForensics++ (FF++) and the Celeb-DF dataset. The generalizability evaluation of our process, which is part of the performance evaluation, reveals the model's promising performance in identifying deepfakes videos generated using various methodologies on both large-scale datasets.
Implant Placement in Site of Plexiform Ameloblastoma After Dredging. A Clinical Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Ameloblastoma is a benign but aggressive neoplasm of odontogenic origin with a predilection of the mandible. It can be of various types based on histopathological features. Follicular and plexiform ameloblastoma are the most common types of ameloblastoma. There are various methods for management of ameloblastoma amongst which dredging is considered a conservative surgical procedure which involves enucleation or deflation and enucleation and repeated removal of scar tissues to accelerate new bone formation. Placement of implant at the site of newly regenerated bone after dredging is completed with repeated examination of tumour mass histopathology. This report documents the placement of implant in newly formed mature bone after successful dredging of plexiform ameloblastoma
'Is the spear mightier than the artist's brush?': Umkhonto v Umdwebi Bhulashi in perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Owen Dean is Professor of Intellectual Property Law and Incumbent of the Anton Mostert Chair of Intellectual Property Law, Faculty of Law, Stellenbosch University. Mabel Jansen is Judge of the North Gauteng High Court. A South African artist, Brett Murray, painted a portrait of the South African President, Jacob Zuma, which showed him with his genitals exposed. This painting, called “The Spear,” was exhibited at the Goodman Gallery in Johannesburg. Murray explained that the painting was a satirical commentary on the morals and conduct of President Zuma. The painting and its exhibition, as well and coverage of it in the media, in particular by the newspaper City Press, gave rise to a furore. It was alleged that the painting impinged on the dignity and right of privacy of the President. Court proceedings seeking the removal of the painting from the gallery and the cessation of public dissemination of pictures of it were launched on behalf to President Zuma. Before the matter came to court individuals defaced the painting by painting a large smear of red paint over the controversial portion of it, thus obliterating the material causing offence. This caused a further uproar. Questions of defamation, the right of privacy and protection of dignity were raised and they were weighed up against the fundamental right of freedom of speech. Copyright and other intellectual property rights came into consideration. The defacement of the painting precipitated a settlement of the court proceedings before the matter came before the court. The Goodman Gallery and City Press conceded the relief sought in the pending litigation and the matter was largely defused from a practical point of view. However, in this article the authors canvass the legal issues which the incident raised, but were not ventilated before the court by virtue of settlement of the litigation. They express their views on the merits of the various possible causes of action.
The Biosynthesis of Rat-Liver Cytochrome c. 1. Subcellular Distribution of Cytochrome c

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A radioimmunoassay for cytochrome c is described. It has been applied successfully to crude subcellular preparations with a very low content in cytochrome c. Quantitative fractionation of rat liver homogenates by differential centrifugation has shown that, on the basis of the distribution patterns of cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome c, the overwhelming bulk of the cytochrome c recovered in the nuclear and large granule fractions may be assigned to mitochondria. In contrast, the cytochrome c of the microsomal and the supernatant fractions, which amounts to about 6% of the total cytochrome c content of liver, cannot be accounted for only by mitochondrial contamination. Analysis of microsomes by isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose gradient indicates that this subcellular fraction contains three pools of cytochrome c. Part of the microsomal cytochrome c belongs to contaminating mitochondria; another part is redistributed cytochrome c adsorbed to the ribosomes; a third part is associated with small vesicles of low density, enzymically characterized by monoamine oxidase activity, and presumably derived from, or related to, the outer mitochondrial membranes.
5.6.2 The Maturing Systems Engineering Data Exchange Standard AP‐233 & Your Role

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The data exchange standard identified as AP‐233, ‘systems engineering application protocol’ is to be established within the framework of ISO 10303, “STEP”, the Standard for the Technical Exchange of Product Data. The standard activity was initiated, and much initial technical work was pursued, by the European research project SEDRES. The work within AP‐233 has continued, building on the work of SEDRES, with a global industrial representation. This paper gives a status report on the AP‐233 activity. A follow‐on project SEDRES‐2, with expanded consortium, is well underway. The essence of the SEDRES‐2 mission statement is: to extend, validate and standardise the Systems Engineering (SE) data model and nurture its practical implementation and multi‐sector exploitation as a key enabler for industry . This paper explains the objectives, approach, time scales, and extended data scope of the SEDRES‐2 project, and gives a preview of early results from this next stage in achieving a comprehensive, workable systems engineering data exchange standard. Finally, it explains the significance of AP‐233 to your work, and what you can do to contribute to achieving the goal of a supported and adopted SE data standard.
A model for the non-thermal emission of the very massive colliding-wind binary HD 93129A

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The binary stellar system HD 93129A is one of the most massive known binaries in our Galaxy. This system presents non-thermal emission in the radio band, which can be used to infer its physical conditions and predict its emission in the high-energy band. We intend to constrain some of the unknown parameters of HD 93129A through modelling the non-thermal emitter, and also to analyse the detectability of this source in hard X-rays and $γ$-rays. We develop a broadband radiative model for the wind-collision region taking into account the evolution of the accelerated particles streaming along the shocked region, the emission by different radiative processes, and the attenuation of the emission propagating through the local matter and radiation fields. From the analysis of the radio emission, we find that the binary HD~93129A is more likely to have a low inclination and a high eccentricity. The minimum energy of the non-thermal electrons seems to be between $\sim 20 - 100$MeV, depending on the intensity of the magnetic field in the wind-collision region. The latter can be in the range $\sim 20 - 1500$ mG. Our model is able to reproduce the observed radio emission, and predicts that the non-thermal radiation from HD~93129A will increase in the near future. With instruments such as \textit{NuSTAR}, \textit{Fermi}, and CTA, it will be possible to constrain the relativistic particle content of the source, and other parameters such as the magnetic field strength in the wind collision zone, which in turn can be used to obtain upper-limits of the magnetic field on the surface of the very massive stars, thereby inferring whether magnetic field amplification is taking place in the particle acceleration region.
External partial breast irradiation in prone position: how to improve accuracy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

If EB-APBI in prone position is aimed for, an indicator clip intended to mark the depth of the tumor increases the probability of accurate target coverage, but cannot entirely replace the added value of a preoperative CT in treatment position. Avoiding the cost and effort of such CT implies a risk of missing the target, especially when small volumes are aimed for. Increasing target volumes to reduces this risk, questions the concept of APBI.
[Interdependence between alcohol consumption and mortality from hepatic cirrhosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents the data on the dependence between death rate caused by cirrhosises and consumption level of alcohol in Europe and Russia, based mainly on data of foreign publications, particularly--the results of ECAS research with a mathematical description of the taped rigid dependence between these indexes. The article also presents short characteristic of alcohol situation and executability of equations of regress, received from ECAS, for levels of alcoholic consumption and death rate from liver cirrhosis in Russia.