jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of candidates for PFO closure in the echocardiography laboratory

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patent foramen ovale ( PFO ) is implicated in several pathologic processes, including that of cryptogenic stroke ( cCVA ). Recent trials identify “high‐risk” PFO s in patients with cCVA as likely to benefit from percutaneous closure. The younger the patient (<60 years old) the more likely a PFO may be attributable to the cCVA . The Ro PE Score index helps determine the likelihood that an existing PFO is related to a cCVA . This may help guide the clinician and patient when contemplating percutaneous PFO closure. When evaluating a patient for possible percutaneous closure, one should identify the CVA as a typical ischemic type stroke. In order to “rule‐out” other causes of CVA , imaging of the intracranial arteries, cervical, and aortic arch vessels should be performed. Small vessel disease or a lacunar‐type infarct should be excluded. To rule out atrial fibrillation, prolonged monitoring should be performed. An index has been developed to determine the probability that a PFO is the causative etiology and calculates the risk of recurrence. This may help guide the clinician and patient in the decision for PFO closure. In addition, one should consider a work‐up for a hypercoagulable state. We will obtain an ultrasound of the lower extremities or consider deep pelvic vein thrombosis (prolonged sitting or malignancy). If the closure is to be performed, the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has approved the Amplatzer PFO Occluder and the GORE Cardioform Septal Occluder for percutaneous closure. These devices are both approved in patients predominately between ages 18 and 60 years with a cCVA due to presumed paradoxical embolism as verified by a neurologist and cardiologist and when other causes of ischemic CVA have been excluded. “High‐risk” PFO s appear to achieve the most potential benefit from percutaneous closure.
Arterial embolization: problems of source, multiplicity, recurrence, and delayed treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical course of 225 patients who had experienced 309 arterial embolic episodes was reviewed with special reference to the problems of the identification of the source of embolization, multiplicity of involvement, significance of recurrence, and the effects of some therapeutic means, including anticoagulation, on the early and late results. The most common source of embolization was cardiac (in 85% of the cases). Persistent search, at times by complex diagnostic methods, uncovered the origin in all but 11% of the cases. Within a range of 8 hours to 7 days the effect of delayed treatment had a linear relationship to the severity of ischemic changes and the deterioration of favorable results. Angiography was helpful and often essential in the diagnosis of visceral embolism and in differentiating local thrombosis from embolism in the periphery. Recurrent embolization was common (in 28% of the cases), was often multiple, and had a grave prognosis. Permanent anticoagulant therapy, preferably with but even without the removal of the source of embolization, reduced the rate of recurrence and, in general, reduced early and late morbidity and mortality rates.
The Library is Open for All. Social Inclusion at the National Library of Romania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Based on research conducted with users and librarians of the National Library of Romania, this article discusses specific forms of integration of marginal people in Bucharest: young adults with no stable employment and pensioners. Some come to have access to information; others want to self-educate, enrich themselves culturally, and benefit from the library staff's support. The article argues that libraries should partner with other private and public stakeholders to empower librarians to deal with complex situations and foster further forms of inclusion.
An intelligent controller for fault-tolerant cascaded multilevel inverter-based photovoltaic system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrical energy is basic need in day-to-day life, day by day the demand is going to high, to meet that demand conventional source of power generation is not fulfill the desire generation due to various constraint. So, now a days moving towards the renewable sources are popular and are in demand like solar energy and wind energy, which not only generate ample of power but also economical. Among all renewable sources of power solar is very popular due to its free easy availability and price. Due to less efficiency provided by PV, it can't use it directly. To extract more power and improve the efficiency, power converters are introduced. Fault in the system is really a big challenge. The objective of this work is to clear the fault quickly and make system for continuous healthy operation. ANN controller is used for clearing the faults in the system. This PV system has connected with eleven-level cascaded multilevel inverter. While performing normal operation it delivers the output of eleven level inverter. In this work, PV failure, Inverter switch failure, more than one module failure in the inverter is considered as a fault. During the fault condition, what will be the output towards load side and how to make system run even at that time is the main aim of this work. The ANN generates a switching pattern for connecting auxiliary inverter modules during the fault condition.
THE FORCES ACTING ON AN AEROFOIL OF APPROXIMATE JOUKOWSKI TYPE IN A STREAM BOUNDED BY A PLANE WALL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The investigation of the manner in which the effect of the ground on the lift and moment of an aerofoil is modified by its thickness and camber is of great interest not only from the theoretical point of view but also from the practical standpoint. In this paper we discuss in detail the modifications introduced by the thickness of an aerofoil on the ground-effect upon its lift, by evaluating the forces acting on some aerofoils (especially approximately symmetrical aerofoils) of approximate Joukowski type placed in a stream bounded by an infinite plane wall. It is found that when an aerofoil is placed in the vicinity of the ground at the small angles of attack used in practice, the lift on the aerofoil is in general increased by the presence of the ground, but the rate of increase of the lift becomes smaller as the thickness of the aerofoil increases.
Studies on Anti-diabetic Activities in Flowers of Avaram, Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The research project on “Studies on anti-diabetic activities in flowers, leaves and barks of Avaram, Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.” was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli during 2015–16. Avaram is used in the treatment of diabetes in Siddha and Ayurvedic medicines. The flowers, leaves and bark of Avaram were collected from Medicinal Park, Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Tiruchirappalli and Krishnagiri. The methanol extract of flowers exhibited high alpha-amylase inhibition compared to leaves and barks. The highest α-amylase inhibition was recorded in flowers at 40 µg ml-1 (86.2%) followed by 30 µg ml-1 (85.5%) with IC50 value of 21 µg ml-1. The highest inhibition was recorded in leaves of Avaram at 40 µg ml-1 (71.11%) followed by 30 µg ml-1 (69.25%) with IC50 value of 19 µg ml-1. The highest inhibition was recorded in the bark of Avaram at 40 µg ml-1 (64%) followed by 30 µg ml-1 (62.62%) with IC50 value of 22 µg ml-1. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be high in flowers compared to leaves and barks. The highest radical scavenging activity was recorded in flowers at 80 µg ml-1 (73.78%) sample followed by 100 µg ml-1 (73.32 %) with IC50 value of 55 µg ml-1. In GC-MS/MS analysis of flowers, the highest peak area was recorded for Myo-inositol 4-C- methyl (53.91 %) followed by resorcinol (20.71%). The anti-diabetic compounds include Myo-inositol 4-C methyl, resorcinol, polyphenols and sterols.
Achieving a framework of the circular economy in urban transport infrastructure projects: a meso-scale perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban infrastructure development is one principal way people are transforming the natural world and their living conditions. It is important for humanity, but it can also cause major impacts to the environment, such as huge amounts of solid waste and CO 2 emissions. Considering this, the circular economy (CE) is a promising alternative to the traditional “make, use, and dispose” linear economy model. However, as a strategy for sustainable development (SD), the CE is still in its infancy in the urban transport infrastructure sector. Therefore, this article aims to guide the implementation of CE during transport infrastructure projects. To achieve this goal, a literature review and case study were adopted as the research methods. After reviewing existing well-established CE frameworks, the iReSOLVE (implement, Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualize, Exchange) framework is recognized as the most comprehensive one. Upon it, an analytical framework containing specific-related aspects of CE in urban transport infrastructure projects (which belongs to meso-scale) is proposed (coined as the 4Wh-iReSOLVE framework). The 4Wh means Who, When, Where, and What. The proposed framework offers insight into potential CE activities for transport infrastructure projects and assists in assessing the performance and impacts of CE of these projects to cover the gap of the neglected meso-scale. Ten circular viaduct project initiatives in the Netherlands are used as case analyses with the 4Wh-iReSOLVE framework. The results present the highlights of the circular viaduct initiatives in the Netherlands, with CE activities categorized into five groups (design-related strategies, general CE strategies, implementation, management, and related digital technologies and materials, as well as environmental sustainability). As verified by several experts of the projects studied, it can be concluded that the 4Wh-iReSOLVE framework is suitable for transport infrastructure project CE analyses and implementations. It can potentially be a suggested guideline in future policy documents.
Safetxt: A randomised controlled trial of a behavioural intervention delivered by text messages to reduce sexually transmitted re-infections in people aged 16-24

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To quantify the effects of a series of text messages (safetxt) delivered in the community on incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea reinfection at one year in people aged 16-24 years. Design: Parallel group randomised controlled trial. Setting: 92 sexual health clinics in the United Kingdom. Participants: People aged 16-24 years with a diagnosis of, or treatment for, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or non-specific urethritis in the past two weeks who owned a mobile phone. Interventions: 3123 participants assigned to the safetxt intervention received a series of text messages to improve sex behaviours: four texts daily for days 1-3, one or two daily for days 4-28, two or three weekly for month 2, and 2-5 monthly for months 3-12. 3125 control participants received a monthly text message for one year asking for any change to postal or email address. It was hypothesised that safetxt would reduce the risk of chlamydia and gonorrhoea reinfection at one year by improving three key safer sex behaviours: partner notification at one month, condom use, and sexually transmitted infection testing before unprotected sex with a new partner. Care providers and outcome assessors were blind to allocation. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of chlamydia or gonorrhoea reinfection at one year, assessed by nucleic acid amplification tests. Safety outcomes were self-reported road traffic incidents and partner violence. All analyses were by intention to treat. Results: 6248 of 20 476 people assessed for eligibility between 1 April 2016 and 23 November 2018 were randomised. Primary outcome data were available for 4675/6248 (74.8%). At one year, the cumulative incidence of chlamydia or gonorrhoea reinfection was 22.2% (693/3123) in the safetxt arm versus 20.3% (633/3125) in the control arm (odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.31). The number needed to harm was 64 (95% confidence interval number needed to benefit 334 to ∞ to number needed to harm 24) The risk of road traffic incidents and partner violence was similar between the groups. Conclusions: The safetxt intervention did not reduce chlamydia and gonorrhoea reinfections at one year in people aged 16-24 years. More reinfections occurred in the safetxt group. The results highlight the need for rigorous evaluation of health communication interventions. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN64390461.
A Study of Empowerment Level of Tribal Dairy Farm Women in J&K State

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Though tribal women play a significant role in livestock management and production, their control over livestock and its products is negligible. To improve the profitability of dairy husbandry especially in tribal communities, cultivation of fodder shrubs and tree on wastelands, developing degraded lands are some of the major steps advocated and implemented but the knowledge and perceptual empowerment have rarely been focused with tailored programmes. The present study conducted in Kathua district of J&K state on 120 tribal dairy farm women selected randomly to analyze the level of knowledge regarding dairy husbandry practices and perceived empowerment level. The results showed that family education and family income had significant prediction values for empowerment whereas mass media exposure and trainings attended contributed significantly to knowledge level. Low to medium level of socio political, educational and decision making empowerment was perceived. Only upto fifty percent of the knowledge was found for the subjects animal breeding, animal healthcare and milk products. Economic, socio-psychological, marketing and technical constraints dominated the scenario. Formation of tribal dairy farm women committee in the form of cooperatives, strengthening the livestock extension service by recruiting sufficient number of women dairy extension personnel and liberal arrangement of credit facilities have been advocated as the damage control measures.
Supplemental Material: Updating the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine Formation of Montana (USA): Lithostratigraphic revisions, new CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb ages, and a calibrated framework for dinosaur occurrences

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>Table S1: U-Pb isotopic data for zircon analyses from Campanian bentonites of the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA. Table S2: GPS coordinates for measured columns in Two Medicine Formation.</p>
What Do We Know When? Modeling Predictability of Transit Operations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Predictions of transit delays are crucial to passengers and operators. Passengers utilize the predictions to decide on departure time, route choice, and mode choice, whereas operators decide on schedules, timetables, rolling stock allocation, and control actions. We introduce the concept of predictability of transit travel times as the study of the reduction of the predicted variability with the temporal approaching of a predicted event. We evaluate predictability on a real-life test case in Zurich, Switzerland, spanning multiple transit lines over one year of operations. The concept is shown based on predictions obtained by a state-of-the-art Bayesian network approach, where we show how predictability (in general) can be modeled as an exponential decay phenomenon. The study of predictability of transit operations leads to additional insights for control actions and system analysis compared to other complementary concepts such as punctuality or regularity, for instance, concerning bunching, identification of bottlenecks, and passenger routing.
Combining active learning and semi-supervised learning techniques to extract protein interaction sentences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) extraction has been a focal point of many biomedical research and database curation tools. Both Active Learning and Semi-supervised SVMs have recently been applied to extract PPI automatically. In this paper, we explore combining the AL with the SSL to improve the performance of the PPI task. We propose a novel PPI extraction technique called PPISpotter by combining Deterministic Annealing-based SSL and an AL technique to extract protein-protein interaction. In addition, we extract a comprehensive set of features from MEDLINE records by Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, which further improve the SVM classifiers. In our feature selection technique, syntactic, semantic, and lexical properties of text are incorporated into feature selection that boosts the system performance significantly. By conducting experiments with three different PPI corpuses, we show that PPISpotter is superior to the other techniques incorporated into semi-supervised SVMs such as Random Sampling, Clustering, and Transductive SVMs by precision, recall, and F-measure. Our system is a novel, state-of-the-art technique for efficiently extracting protein-protein interaction pairs.
Състав и антимикробни отнасяния на бактериални видове, изолирани от усложнени форми на заразна ектима при овце и кози

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The composition of secondary bacterial microflora in complicated clinical forms of contagious ecthyma was investigated in sheep and goats. Nine microbial species were incriminated as potential causative agents of complications. Ps. aeruginosa predominated in complicated stomatitis, related to orf viral infection. This was mostly valid for newborn lambs and goat kids. Frequently, non-sporeforming anaerobes and streptococci were identified. In adult sheep and goats, lesions in the region of the head were most commonly encountered and the major part of complications resulted from secondary infection with S. aureus and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. There were no significant differences in the incidence and the composition of microbial species isolated from sheep and lambs and from goats and kids, respectively. A significant part of Ps. aeruginosa isolates exhibited multiresistance and were sensitive to gentamicin and fluoroquinolones. S. aureus and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates were with relatively preserved sensitivity to betalactams and macrolides, but some of the strains were resistant to tetracyclines, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim-potentiated sulfonamides.
Direct numerical simulation of a turbulent boundary layer over an oscillating wall

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to decipher if the current rise of China and tensions in the South China Sea mark the beginning of an increasingly assertive claim of “indisputable sovereignty” on the part of China, and its implications to the other stakeholders. Focusing on China’s behavior within the South China Sea disputes, this thesis investigates the dominance of power calculations and interest considerations, interacting within a Power and Interest Nexus, when seeking to understand China’s behavior in dealing with the disputes in the South China Sea. By revisiting past incidents and essentializing the conditions of the disputes in the South China Sea, the thesis argues that China’s interests, ofboth pragmatic and identity origins, need to coincide with distinct power conditions, before assertive and decisive actions are taken. In order to understand China’s behavior, the study provides a comprehensive investigation into the dynamic nature of China’s national interest considerations - on sovereignty, national security, economy and regime legitimacy - and interacts them with comparative power calculations vis-a-vis direct and indirect opponents. Overlaying the analysis through the power-interest nexus framework on present day situations, the thesis finally explores the prospects of China’s rising assertiveness and conditions for stability in the South China Sea disputes.
Power Optimization of Systems for Direct Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer the possibility of extracting electrical power from any heat source, including low-enthalpy heat. The operation of thermoelectric generators is closely related to not only thermal factors but also the electrical load conditions. Consequently, simulations of TEG-based thermoelectric systems require the adequate modeling of both thermal and electric phenomena. In this paper, the developed TEG model is presented and verified through the design of a complete thermoelectric system able to optimize the extraction of electrical power according to the thermal conditions. The system consisted of a TEG, a properly designed low-cost DC/DC converter, and an energy storage element. The DC/DC converter was controlled by a specific algorithm that optimized the electrical power extraction following the maximum power point. The choices adopted for the system design, the implementation of the DC/DC converter, and the algorithm development were verified with experimental measurements.
PELVIC OSTEOLYSIS WITH A ONE PIECE ACETABULAR COMPONENT -A LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of pelvic osteolysis following the use of a one piece all polyethylene acetabular component a mean of 9.6 years following implantation. The radiographs of 86 hips followed for a mean of 9.6 years were reviewed. All had had primary total hip arthroplasty using a titanium plasma spray backed all polyethylene acetabular component. Radiographs were assessed for pelvic osteolysis in the three zones described by Charnley and Delee. There was no osteolysis seen in any cup in any of the three zones. There were no loose cups and no obvious cup migration. This acetabular component shows superior performance compared with all two pieced components in terms of the development of pelvic osteolysis. The use of two-piece cups should be reviewed.
Perforation of ileal duplication in old age.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perforation of ileal duplication in old ageIntestinal duplications have an individual muscle coat, submucosa, and an epithelium corresponding to the structure of the adjacent bowel, although heterotopic mucosa is common.Such anomalies generally lie within the mesentery or mediastinum and may com- municate with the bowel or remain discrete.They are either tubular or cystic in nature.Most are found during childhood, often at opera- tion.Out of 315 cases recorded up to 1950, Dohn and Poulsen1 found that 30% were first diagnosed in patients aged 16 and only 5% in patients over 50.Anderson et a12 reviewed 63 cases in adults recorded between 1949 and 1959; the oldest patient was 68, the condition being found incidentally at necropsy.We report a case of peritonitis occur- ring after perforation of an ileal duplication in old age. Case reportAn 81-year-old man was admitted to hospital as an emergency case with a