jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence with Metaheuristic Algorithm Based Optimization for a Hybrid Energy Storage System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an optimization framework for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) integrating photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The PV system voltage is stepped up using a Cuk converter, controlled by a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller to enhance dynamic performance and ensure maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based WECS is interfaced through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier regulated by a Proportional Integral (PI) controller, maintaining stable and efficient power conversion. Both converter outputs converge at a common DC link, whose voltage is subsequently applied to a single phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). This VSI is connected to the grid through an LC filter, ensuring smooth power delivery with minimal harmonics. The proposed system combines AI and metaheuristic algorithms for optimized control, enhancing overall efficiency, reliability and stability of the renewable energy integration into the grid. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PSO ANN and PI control strategies in managing the dynamic interactions and power quality of the hybrid system. The proposed hybrid controller shows 92.47% tracking efficiency and the proposed converter shows 89.6% efficiency.
Cointegration, risk aversion and real asset prices

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this letter a vector autoregressive framework is used in order to assess the empirical and economic relevance of the present value model of stock prices with varying discount factors, using data from the New York Stock Exchange over the period 1974-90. The time-series properties of the variables involved are determined by means of formal statistical tests and the relationship between risk aversion and stock price volatility is studied. The model performs poorly for all admissible values of the Arrow-Pratt measure of relative risk aversion.
Figure 37 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 37. Female Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas 1833), Oklahoma. 3-4, Detail of scales on the carapace (3) and dorsal opisthosoma (4). Both the white, pigmented scales (4) and the iridescent green-to-violet scales are similar in size and shape (lanceolate). Attribution and ©: 1-4, Thomas Shahan.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Ferulago longistylis Boiss. fruits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The genus Ferulago W. Koch (Apiaceae), is represented in Turkey by thirty species, of which sixteen are endemic. It is interesting that only forty-five Ferulago species are described in the world, suggesting that the gene center for this genus is Anatolia [1,2]. The species of this genus are known as kuzukemirdi, kuzubaşı, çakşır and resemble Ferula and Prangos species also widely abundant in Turkey. These three genera are used for many purposes in Turkish folk medicine. But they are mainly used as aphrodisiacs and preferred as fodder to increase animal productivity [3]. Ferulago longistylis Boiss. is a rare endemic, perennial species up to 150cm high[1]. The essential oil from the fruits of Ferulago longistylis Boiss. (Apiceae) collected from Erzincan, north eastern Turkey was obtained by hydrodistillation. Simultaneous analyses by GC and GC-MS resulted in the identification of fifty-nine compounds representing 96% of the essential oil. The major constituents found were 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (29%), α-pinene (17%), (Z)- β-ocimene (16%), sabinene (6%), myrcene (6%) and bornyl acetate (4%). The essential oil was also screened for its antimicrobial properties against various Gram negative (Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, methicilline resistant S. aureus) bacteria including the yeast Candida tropicalis. Using a broth microdilution assay, only moderate to weak inhibitory activity (0.5–1mg/mL) was observed against the microorganisms screened in this assay when compared to the standard antimicrobial agents.
Reply to the discussion by P. Adebar on "An evaluation of pile cap design methods in accordance with the Canadian design standard"

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cavers and Fenton 1129 The authors appreciate the considerable interest the discussor has shown in their research. The authors agree that research into pile cap design was needed and timely. The discussor raises a number of interesting criticisms of the authors’ work that will hopefully fuel future experimentation, analysis, and debate and lead to a clearer understanding of the entire pile cap design issue. Both the authors and the discussor are aware that interpretation of experimental results is an extremely complex process, fraught with uncertainties and assumptions, and it is not at all unusual for two researchers to reach somewhat differing conclusions. This is not necessarily a negative thing. In fact, such discrepancies often pave the way to an overall better understanding by the community at large. In this spirit, the authors present the following responses to the various criticisms raised by the discussor. The discussor contends that the pile caps tested by Adebar et al. (1990) and Blevot and Fremy (1967) should not have been excluded from the paper. As all researchers know, one of the tasks with any study attempting to compare experimental results is to avoid comparing “apples with oranges”. To this end, it was clearly stated in the authors’ work that the study was restricted to square four-pile caps. The pile caps tested by Adebar et al. (1990) did not meet these criteria. Similarly, the pile caps tested by Blevot and Fremy (1967) were examined but were excluded from the study because they were tapered pile caps. The reasons for these decisions were outlined in the paper and the authors stated in their conclusions that non-square pile caps required further study. The discussor states “Analysis indicates that in all the pile caps selected by Cavers and Fenton, failure was related to yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement.” He further states that “none of the failures were actually true shear failures” and that the authors “compared predictions for specific failure modes with the measured capacities of all specimens that may have failed in that mode according to test observations, and ignored the fact that the complete design method predicts another failure mode is much more critical.” The
Anesthesia Management in a Patient with Patau Syndrome who Underwent Bilateral Vitrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Patau syndrome was the first described by Patau et al. and associated with trisomy 13. The syndrome is characterized by microphthalmia, polydactyly, and cleft lip-palate. In this case report, we discuss the anesthesiology approach and management in a 2-year-old girl with Patau syndrome undergoing bilateral vitrectomy surgery. CASE REPORT: A 2-year-old girl weighing 12.5 kg was undergoing bilateral vitrectomy surgery. There was no additional pathology related to the cardiovascular, central nervous, and respiratory systems. Following anesthesia induction, the patient was intubated using a # 4.5 uncuffed endotracheal tube. At the end of the operation, 3 mg/kg sugammadex was given to the patient and she was transferred to the remission unit without any problems. During her follow-up in the unit, nurses called for help after her oxygen saturation level dropped to 90%. Mask ventilation support was supplied with a chin lift maneuver. As re-curarization was thought to be associated with the situation, an additional sugammadex dose was given to the patient. After 20 minutes of follow up, she was transferred to the pediatric ward in a steady state. CONCLUSION: The doses of anesthetic and analgesic drugs should be titrated carefully because intraoperative opioid and neuromuscular blocker use can lead to postoperative respiratory problems. Therefore, close follow-up of patients is essential in the postoperative period, as in the intraoperative period.
IDDF2024-ABS-0119 Serial versus current liver stiffness measurements to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients: an intercontinental, multinational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Liver stiffness measurements (LSM) is increasingly used to monitor disease progression in patients with chronic liver disease. A 20% change in LSM as the threshold of 'clinically meaningful changes' to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patients was proposed, but this requires validation. Importantly, when the current LSM was known, it remained unclear how to weigh the changes from prior LSM. We aimed to compare whether serial LSM is superior to the current LSM to predict liver-related events (LRE) in cACLD patients.

Methods

We included an intercontinental, multinational cohort of cACLD patients with reliable serial LSM performed. All patients were followed up until index LRE (defined as decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma). We compared the performance of both the dynamic LSM changes and the current LSM (LSMc) in predicting LRE using Cox-regression analysis, allowing non-linear association using restricted cubic splines. Time zero of follow-up was set at the date of LSMc. Sensitivity analyses performed included: 1) subgroup analysis among cACLD patients with etiological controlled, 2) incorporating LSM slope (LSM change over time), and 3) secondary outcomes of liver decompensation.

Results

480 cACLD patients with serial LSM were included from Singapore, USA, Italy, Thailand and New Zealand. The commonest etiology of cACLD was viral (53%) and MASLD (34%). Over a median follow-up of 68 (45-92) months, 32% experienced LSM decrease to levels below 10kPa (resolved-cACLD) and 5.8% experienced LRE (IDDF2024-ABS-0119 Figure 1. At baseline, most patients had LSM1 between 10-25kPa. During follow-up, about one-third of patients achieved resolved-cACLD (defined as LSMc less than 10kPa). Resolved-cACLD were more likely to be non-diabetic and had better liver function. While a higher value of the current LSM (LSMc) was associated with higher LREs, LSM changes over time (LSM slope) were not associated with LRE (IDDF2024-ABS-0119 Figure 2. While the risk of LRE increases with the prior LSM (LSM1), this association begins to dissociate when the prior LSM goes beyond 25kpa. In contrast, the risk of LRE continues to increase with the increasing 'current' LSM (LSMc)). In multivariable Cox regression of various subgroups, both prior LSM and LSM slope did not add predictive value to LSMc. Resolved-cACLD is clinically meaningful and associated with lower LRE and death. In patients with controlled etiology, HCC is an important contributor to index LRE.

Conclusions

Once the current LSM is known, previous LSM values add little to the prediction of index decompensation in cACLD patients.
The Role of School Principals in the Governorate of Ma’an in Promoting Intellectual Security among Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims at identifying the role played by school principals in the Governorate of Ma’an to strengthen intellectual security of the school students; and identifying whether there are statistically significant differences in the roles of principals attributed to the variables: gender, academic level, and years of experience in administration.To achieve this, the researchers adopted the descriptive approach which is appropriate for the nature of this study. Data were collected and analyzed by using a questionnaire that determines the role of school principals in the promotion of intellectual security. The questionnaire includes three areas: the role of principals toward teachers, the role of principals toward school activities, and the role of principals toward community service. The study sample consisted of 120 male and female school principals in Ma’an governorate.The results showed that the arithmetic means of the three domains in the questionnaire ranged from (3.547-4.129) with high degree of agreement; where the domain: “the role of principals toward teachers” scored the highest value, and the domain: “the role of principals toward community service” scored the lowest value.
Water Pipe Smoking and the Human Immune System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Water pipe smoking has increased as an alternative to cigarette smoking, especially in younger age groups. Evidence indicates that water pipe smoking (WPS) is associated with different adverse health effects, not only on the respiratory system but also on the cardiovascular, hematological, reproductive systems and immune system. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of WPS on some biochemical and immunological parameters in healthy males and females in the general. A total of 84 randomly chosen subjects from Jeddah and Al-Muzaylef, Saudi Arabia with an age range of 20-35 years were used for this study, with 21 male WPS, 21 male non-WPS (control), 21 female WPS, 21 female non-WPS (control). Subjects filled a consent form and none were taking any medications nor suffering from any chronic diseases. Blood samples were collected to determine the following parameters: differential complete blood count, complete lipid profile, and the concentrations of hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, thyroid hormones (T3, T4), vitamin D, glucose, and electrolytes. The results show a significant increase for female smokers compared to non-smokers for platelets and a significant decrease for age and HDL. On the other hand, results for males show a significant increase for smokers compared to non-smokers for age, RBC, hemoglobin and Cl- and a significant decrease for monocytes. Comparing female smokers and male smokers, the results show a significant increase for females for WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts and HDL concentration, and a significant increase for the male smokers for basophil, RBC counts, and hemoglobin, triglyceride, Na+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Glucose and T3 concentrations. In conclusion, the data suggest that smoking has some immunological effects on the subjects. It is recommended that more studies be carried out on smokers of different ages using other parameters.
Case report and rehabilitative management of a complete musculocutaneous nerve injury caused by shoulder dislocation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Anterior shoulder dislocation can secondarily cause nerve injury and/or rotator cuff tear. An elderly male with a recent shoulder dislocation and multiple medical comorbidities was transferred to a rehabilitation inpatient service in order to maximize his functional status. Physical exam suggested a brachial plexus injury. Electrodiagnostic testing confirmed a complete musculocutaneous and a partial axillary nerve lesion. This specific combination of nerve lesions is a previously unreported complication of anterior shoulder dislocation. Prognosis and treatment are discussed, particularly the use of electrodiagnostic findings to tailor rehabilitation program design.
Single‐Fluorophore‐Based Organic Crystals with Distinct Conformers Enabling Wide‐Range Excitation‐Dependent Emissions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Achieving wide‐range tunable emission colors, especially in the solid state of single‐fluorophore materials, remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a molecular design strategy that affords wide‐range excitation‐dependent emissions spanning over ≈230 nm in crystalline states. Under the donor‐π‐acceptor configuration, we judiciously choose a rotatable acceptor fragment, o ‐carborane, to enrich conformational diversities in the crystalline state and generate conformation‐dependent multicolor emissions. We further show that this molecular platform is generalizable in creating crystalline materials with multicolor emissions. Based on these materials, a high‐capacity information storage device and a finite‐state machine were fabricated to showcase multicolor displays and information storage.
Data from Cytoplasmic Irradiation Results in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DRP1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Direct DNA damage is often considered the primary cause of cancer in patients exposed to ionizing radiation or environmental carcinogens. Although mitochondria are known to play an important role in radiation-induced cellular response, the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic stimuli modulate mitochondrial dynamics and functions are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined changes in mitochondrial dynamics and functions triggered by α particle damage to the mitochondria in human small airway epithelial cells, using a precision microbeam irradiator with a beam width of 1 μm. Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation using this device resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation and a reduction of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity, when compared with nonirradiated controls, suggesting a reduction in respiratory chain function. In addition, mitochondrial fragmentation or fission was associated with increased expression of the dynamin-like protein DRP1, which promotes mitochondrial fission. DRP1 inhibition by the drug mdivi-1 prevented radiation-induced mitochondrial fission, but respiratory chain function in mitochondria inhibited by radiation persisted for 12 hours. Irradiated cells also showed an increase in mitochondria-derived superoxide that could be quenched by dimethyl sulfoxide. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the extranuclear, nontargeted effects of ionizing radiation. <i>Cancer Res; 73(22); 6700–10. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
College as a Marriage Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

What explains the strong educational homogamy and assortativity that we observe among the college educated?We use Norwegian data to address identification and measurement challenges and find that colleges are local marriage markets that matter greatly for whom one marries, not because of the pre-determined traits of the admitted students but as a direct result of attending a particular institution at a given time.The effects of enrollment on homogamy that we uncover are sufficiently large to explain the majority of the strong educational sorting among the college educated in our data.We also examine the mechanisms behind these effects and explore implications for individual and family earnings.
Effects of Different Resistant Rootstocks on Yield and Quality of Grafted Tomato and Control Effects of Meloidogyne incognita

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taking different tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)stocks as materials,this experiment studies the effects of different graft stocks on tomato yield,quality and control effects on Meloidogyne incognita.The results indicated that after grafted to tomato,the control effects on Meloidogyne incognita of 6 stocks were all above 98.6%.Especially they were high resistant to root-knot nematode.Compared with own-rooted,the yields of tomato grafted with resistant rootstocks could increase by 15.4%-19.4%.Rootstock grafting had no influence on soluble protein,soluble solid,titrable acid content of tomato fruits,whereas the contents of soluble sugar,VC,lycopene and nitrate were mostly lower than the own-rooted contrast.Judging from the combined results,using'Guozhen No. 1'and'Telusi'as resistant rootstocks,the grated tomato plants have good controlling effect on southern root-knot nematode,and these 2 rootstocks have very little influence on tomato quality,but have higher yield potential.
The use of genetic information and public accountability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the explosion in new technologies that heralded the end of the 20th century, enabling the rapid gathering and analysis of genetic information from humans and the multitude of other organisms with which they interact on this planet, we are now in a position not only to understand the details of everyone's genetically determined features, but to manipulate them to our own design. The implications of the power of such knowledge are indeed profound, demanding that the developers and users of the technology spawned by this revolution apply it according to the terms of a new social contract to be negotiated with the public at large. The means by which industries and medical practitioners educate the public consumers, and the mechanisms by which the public, through the institutions of democratic government and other modes of communication, makes its concerns and desires a functional part of the equation, are being determined. To establish processes for both, with the flexibility to accommodate individual and collective values that are highly time-dependent, is a major challenge of the 21st century. Applications of genetic data are examined with respect to professional responsibility, the possibility of deliberate misuse, the principle of autonomy, and distributive justice.
A Longitudinal Test of the Model of Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Using data from a longitudinal study of college students, this study assessed the relationships among the threat perceptions of realistic threat and intergroup anxiety, the ideological motives of system justification and social dominance orientation (SDO), and political conservatism. Those who had higher perceptions of realistic threat and intergroup anxiety at the end of their first year of college showed higher levels of system justification and SDO at the end of their second and third years of college, controlling for precollege expressions of each variable. Higher levels of these two ideological motives at the end of students' second and third years of college were associated with more politically conservative attitudes at the end of students' fourth year of college, again controlling for precollege expressions. These longitudinal results are discussed in terms of a model of political conservatism as motivated social cognition.
Acceptability of a Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Intravaginal Ring for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Sexually Active Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Vaginal ring delivery of antiretroviral drugs may provide protection against acquisition of HIV-1 when used as Pre-Exposure prophylaxis. As part of a randomized placebo-controlled safety trial of a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) intravaginal ring (IVR), we assessed product acceptability through surveys of women after continuous ring use. Methods Sexually active, HIV-negative women were enrolled to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of 3 months of continuous TDF IVR use. The study was designed to include 40 US participants randomly assigned (3:1) to a TDF or placebo IVR. Twelve were randomized to TDF and 5 to the placebo group before the study was electively discontinued because of the development of vaginal ulcerations in 8 women in the TDF group. Acceptability data were gathered via self-administered, computer-based questionnaires. Results The average age of the 17 participants was 31 years (range, 18–42 years). Sixteen participants (94%) completed all questions at 2 study visits. When asked about ring likeability after 1 month of ring use, 12 (75%) of 16 reported overall liking the ring, including 6 (75%) of 8 who developed ulcerations. In addition, 10 (83%) of 12 who had their menses during the first month of ring use were not bothered by the ring, and 11 (69%) of 16 stated that the ring was not bothersome with use during sex. Conclusions Despite unanticipated ulcers, TDF and placebo IVRs were acceptable to some women, even when used with menses and during sex, which is promising for continued development of IVRs for HIV prevention.