jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The human brain as a mediating, integrating and unifying central agency

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose It matters to be aware of the important role played by the brain in the progressive constitution and unification of the three major facets of the human being: a biological individual; a social actor; a self‐conscious, reflective, and deliberating subject. The aim is to discuss this role. Design/methodology/approach The dialogues carried on by each one of these facets with an environment of its own (the material environment; the social milieu; the subject's inner world) are related to the functioning of three distinct levels of integration, organization, and adaptation within the human brain. Findings The neural substrate of basic affective processes pervades the entire brain and the latter processes play a predominant role in the mediation and integration of the individual's interactions with his/her environments. The degree of “plasticity”, i.e. the sensitivity to the shaping influence of environmental conditions, increases markedly from the lower to the higher level of brain functioning. Any individual characteristic of brain functioning is the outcome of a series of complex and evolving interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Practical implications Since brain development highly depends on the early environment (the first years of life), it is of the utmost importance to ensure that every developing brain benefits from optimal environmental conditions. Originality/value The paper brings together a series of scientific facts in an integrated and dynamic bio‐psycho‐social perspective which aims at working out a “model of man” thought to be an appropriate basis for any study of human development.
Crisis Communication and Sport Public Relations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

CHAPTER OVERVIEW Much has been written regarding crisis management (Fearn-Banks, 1994; Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt, 1995) and public relations (Cutlip et al., 2000; Fearn-Banks, 1994; Gonzalez-Herrero and Pratt, 1995). Most of the crisis management literature deals with case studies on how an organisation handled a crisis and what lessons were learned from the situation, yet few specifically deal with sport crises (Hopwood, 2005). The first major crisis in modern sport occurred in 1919 in US Major League Baseball, close to 50 years after its establishment in 1871. Eight players on the Chicago White Sox conspired with gamblers to throw theWorld Series; this crisis would go on to be known as 'the Black Sox' scandal. Despite crises in sport existing for almost a century it is only recently that crisis management has emerged as an important area of sport public relations. A review of the current literature reveals that little attention has been directed towards addressing how a sporting organisation should manage a crisis. Therefore, this chapter examines the concept of crisis management and crisis communication within sport public relations and within a wider sporting organisational context.
First Results with the NSTX Fast Divertor Camera.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Filamentary structures correlated with ELMs (Edge Localized Modes) in NSTX plasmas were observed by fast divertor camera. Filamentations always occurred with ELMs in the visible light emission in the divertor region. These filamentations appeared to occur along the magnetic field. It was found that the filamentary structures had a spiral pattern and were toroidal/poloidal asymmetric in the divertor region. Strong and numerous filamentations were observed with giant ELMs, whereas grassy ELMs occurred with weak filamentations. Based on our measurements, ELMs can be distinguished by the number and strength of filamentations.
Comparison Efficiency of Certain Mesofaunatic Predators against Meloidogyne javanica Infected Tomato Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparison between predation efficiency of certain soil mesofaunatic predators such as: Macrocheles matrius (mite); Onychiurus armatus (collembolan) and Diplogaster lheritieri (nematode) solely or combined in addition to a nematicide (Tervigo) as standard to these treatments on Meloidogyne javanica infected tomato plants in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions.The obtained results revealed that all tested soil mesofaunatic predators and Tervigo significant reduced Meloidogyne javanica population in soil and roots of tomato plants.Predation efficiency of the predatory nematode treatment, D. lheritieri recorded the first rank, followed by the predatory mite, M. matrius and collembolan, O. armatus with reduction percentages of 86.7; 79.2 and 73.1% on root-knot nematode , respectively.Combined treatment of (M.matrius + O. armatus + D. lheritieri) gave the highest reduction percentage (91.2%)on root-knot nematode compared with the application of the nematicide Tervigo (87.7%).In addition, effective of this combination gave a best effect of various growth parameters of tomato, as well as best results of gall index (0.5) decreased by (-91.7%) and egg-masses production (3.0) decreased by (-95.2%)compared with control value, respectively, while in Tervigo treatment revealed (1.0) and (5.0) gall index and egg-masses production which decreased by (-83.3 and -91.1%) comparing to control values, respectively.Application of the nematicide Tervigo as comparator with certain natural soil predators in nematode control sheds a light upon the implicitly importance of biological control agents as a successful methods in the control of plant-parasitic nematode, M. javanica instead of the application of dangerous nematicides on the environment.
Recognition of faces expressing emotions in patients with unilateral brain damage.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The experiment concerned the functional specialization of brain hemispheres in recognizing faces expressing emotions in patients with focal brain damage of the left and right hemispheres and in persons without damage of the central nervous system. Three types of faces were presented: happy i.e. expressing positive emotions, sad i.e. expressing negative emotions and neutral. The task of the subject was to recognize the test face exposed for 20 ms in the left or right visual field and point to the correct face on the response-card which contained three different faces. The errors made in recognizing of faces exposed in the right visual field (addressing the left hemisphere) and in the left one (addressing the right hemisphere) were analyzed. The patients with left hemisphere damage showed a similar pattern of hemispheric differences to that observed in the controls. In case of neutral and sad faces fewer errors were made in the left visual field exposures, in case of happy faces no significant differences between the two fields were stated. The results in patients with right hemispheric damage were different from both the other groups. In processing all the three types of faces, fewer errors were made in the left visual field presentations independently of the localization of the damage within the right hemisphere. Similar recognition level of different types of faces was also found in patients with left or right hemisphere damage as well as in controls. The above results suggest the crucial role of the right hemisphere in processing both positive and negative emotions expressed in faces.
The dynamics of family farming in North Huron County, Ontario. Part II. Farm–community interactions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Canada and elsewhere, there is a growing belief that farming and rural communities have become effectively disconnected from one another. While attention to recent media reporting suggests that incidences of conflict are now as common as examples of support and collaboration, it is suggested that many examples of complementarity remain. These evolving relationships may, however, be linked to the nature of specific farm development trajectories. Such possibilities warrant empirical examination, with attention to known diversity in the family farm sector. This paper reports on an empirical investigation of farm and community linkages in North Huron County, Ontario. The paper builds upon a recent investigation of change in family farming in this region and seeks to document the ways in which local farmers continue to look to their rural communities for support of various kinds. Data are drawn from a survey of farmers in Ashfield and Colborne Townships in 1999. The research explores community linkages around three dominant themes: participation in organisations, purchasing and perceptions and experiences of community support for farming. The findings indicate the persistence of strong linkages between farms and local communities in the study region but point to a potential tendency for disconnection between farms pursuing aggressive expansion and local community organisations and businesses. There is some evidence that jobs and a variety of farm household considerations may form key linkage points between the two sectors, with the importance of these mediated by farm business trajectories and the family life course.
Chemical clusters in polymer networks

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical (topological) clusters in polymer networks have been defined as covalently bonded assemblies of units of a certain kind, for instance 'hard' units among the soft ones. For theoretical characterization, two methods have been used: (a) the theory of branching processes (TBP) by which the structures are generated from monomer units and (b) the generalized kinetic theory with a Monte-Carlo simulation of the process. The clusters are characterized by their average sizes and average number of issuing soft bonds (cluster functionality) and conditions where the clusters grow to infinity. Using the TBP, the characterization is based on classification of the bonds connecting units as hard → hard, hard → soft, soft → hard and soft → soft. The cluster size and functionality as a function of conversion are determined by the initial composition of the system, the rules of bond formation and the relative reactivities of functional groups. Under certain conditions, the hard clusters can grow to infinity. Method (b) allows us additionally to treat the long-range connectivity effects as well as to simulate the steric excluded volume effect by making the effective reactivity of a group dependent on the cluster size. The exclusion from the reaction of a larger fraction of groups in larger clusters makes the distribution narrower, shifts the gel point to higher conversions and causes the critical exponents to deviate from their classical values. The implications of the existence of hard clusters on equilibrium elasticity are discussed.
Anthropotechnics and the Absolute Imperative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anthropotechnics, the "legitimate successor to metaphysics" takes the form of a General Immunology and produces in effect a new definition of the essence of human being as Homo immunologicus : human beings are those who must build a "world," who must "en-house" themselves by means of three systems of protection – biological, sociocultural, and symbolic. Despite its significance, what is remarkable about Sloterdijk's treatment of the categorical imperative and Kant's moral philosophy in general is how little he has to say about it. It is mentioned often, but almost always as a foil for the idea of the absolute imperative. The absolute imperative is one that "exceeds the options of the hypothetical and the categorical". A utopian art is an art that ends in self negation. Appearances to the contrary, Heidegger's questioning never devolves into an anti-technology diatribe.
Project Construction Enterprise's Cost Control

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

That cost controls responsibility is a entire construction project inside the enterprise , delimit income and the disbursement matching ratio responsibility arrangement of ideas, work out every arrangement makes cost by ascertaining the construction organization design plan optimizing,the responsible center of every responsibility arrangement makes various control measure, award and punishment carrying out a fault on various job cashes, in order to improve one kind of administrative behavior of project overall economic effect.
Higher Serum EPA or DHA, and Lower ARA Compositions with Age Independent Fatty Acid Intake in Japanese Aged 40 to 79

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are the predominant long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) among membrane phospholipids in the mammalian brain and neural tissues. This cross‐sectional study examined age effects on serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and ARA compositions assessed with reference to dietary intakes among 1,014 Japanese men and 1,028 Japanese women aged 40–79 years. Venous blood was collected early in the morning after at least 12‐h fasting. Serum fatty acid (FA) compositions were expressed as molar percentages of the total FA (mol% of total). Diet was assessed using a 3‐day dietary record that included photographs. Participants were categorized into groups by sex and age (40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79 years). Intakes of fish, EPA, and DHA tended to increase with age. Significant positive correlations between serum FA composition and the corresponding weight percentage of total FA intake were observed for EPA and DHA in all sex and age groups, and for ARA among females in their 40s. Serum EPA and DHA compositions were higher, while ARA decreased with age, and these associations remained consistent even after adjusting for corresponding FA intake. These results suggest potential effects of age on differences in blood EPA, DHA, and ARA compositions, independent of corresponding FA intake among community‐dwelling Japanese men and women.
Tocqueville’s “New Kind of Liberalism”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

토크빌은 ‘분류’가 힘든 사상가이다. 그런 토크빌이 자신을 ‘새로운 종류의 자유주의자’로 불렀다. 그는 당시 프랑스 사회에서 도덕과 종교, 질서를 높이 숭상하는 ‘질서 옹호자’들과 자유와 법 앞에서의 평등을 더 중시하는 ‘더러운 민주주의자’들이 갈라져 싸우는 것을 크게 개탄했다. 이 모든 것들이 동시에 하나로 합쳐져야만 ‘위대함과 행복’이 가능하다고 믿었기 때문이다. 따라서 그는 도덕과 종교, 질서 그리고 자유와 평등이 ‘반드시 서로 연계되어야 한다’는 사실을 보여주는 것을 ‘이 시대가 해야 할 가장 아름다운 과업’으로 꼽았다. 토크빌은 ‘더러운 민주주의자’들이 자유를 폄훼하고, ‘질서 옹호자’들이 물질주의적 개인주의의 노예가 되고 있는 현실을 신랄하게 비판하며 ‘질서 속에 규율있는 자유’를 제창했다. 그 출발점은 인간의 ‘우연한 존재상황’을 뛰어넘는 위대한 정치에 대한 염원이었다. 토크빌의 정치사상은 절충주의의 한계를 벗어나지 못하고, 복고적 향수의 자취를 남기고 있다. 그러나 위대한 정치를 통해 물질주의적 개인주의를 넘어가고자 하는 그의 문제의식은 오늘 이 시점에서 더욱 새로울 수밖에 없다.
Interview: Achieving STEEEP healthcare: a journey supported by comparative effectiveness research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

David J Ballard, MD, MSPH, PhD, FACP, is the Chief Quality Officer for Baylor Scott & White Health (TX, USA), the largest not-for-profit healthcare system in the state of Texas, founded on 1 October 2013 from the combination of Baylor Health Care System and Scott & White Healthcare. David joined Baylor Health Care System in 1999 as its first Chief Quality Officer and was responsible in that role for designing, implementing and evaluating initiatives related to clinical effectiveness, patient safety and other dimensions of healthcare quality improvement across the healthcare system. Under his leadership, the system earned several awards for healthcare quality improvement, including the 2010 Medical Group Preeminence Award of the American Medical Group Association, the 2008 National Quality Healthcare Award of the National Quality Forum, and the 2007 Leapfrog Patient-Centered Care Award. A board-certified internist, David trained at the Mayo Clinic (MN, USA) following completion of degrees in chemistry, economics, epidemiology and medicine at the University of North Carolina (NC, USA) where he was a Morehead Scholar and served as professor of medicine and epidemiology at Emory University (GA, USA). In addition to his role as Chief Quality Officer for Baylor Scott & White Health, he is President and Founder of the STEEEP ® Global Institute (TX, USA), which is dedicated to helping other organizations deliver healthcare that is safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable and patient-centered. Among several national and international leadership roles, he was President of the International Society for Quality in Healthcare (2001–2003), and is the 2013–2014 Chair of the Steering Committee for the Centers on Education and Research in Therapeutics for the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. He serves on several editorial boards, including Health Services Research , the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research and the Mayo Clinic Proceedings (for which he serves as Health Policy Section Editor). David was the 1995 recipient of the AcademyHealth New Investigator Award, given annually to the outstanding health services research scholar in the USA less than 40 years of age, and the 2012 recipient of the John M Eisenberg Article-of-the-Year in Health Services Research . In 2008, he received the Distinguished Alumnus Award of the University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
Upper Urinary Tract Cancer—Challenges for the Urologist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyEditorial1 Jul 2007Upper Urinary Tract Cancer—Challenges for the Urologistis companion ofSquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter: Incidence, Symptoms, Treatment and OutcomeMalignant Ureteral Obstruction: Outcomes After Intervention. Have Things Changed? Peter J. Bostrom and Mark S. Soloway Peter J. BostromPeter J. Bostrom More articles by this author and Mark S. SolowayMark S. Soloway More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.04.014AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Upper Urinary Tract Cancer—Challenges for the Urologist." The Journal of Urology, 178(1), pp. 12–13 References 1 : Clonality of multifocal urothelial carcinomas: 10 years of molecular genetic studies. Int J Cancer2002; 101: 1. Google Scholar 2 : The outcome of patients with advanced pure squamous or mixed squamous and transitional urothelial carcinomas following platinium-based chemotherapy. Anticancer Res2006; 26: 3865. Google Scholar 3 : Cancer Pain Relief and Palliative Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization1990: 11. Google Scholar 4 : Medical and surgical palliative care of patients with urological malignancies. J Urol2005; 174: 1177. Link, Google Scholar Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida© 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology10 May 2007Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter: Incidence, Symptoms, Treatment and OutcomeJournal of Urology11 May 2007Malignant Ureteral Obstruction: Outcomes After Intervention. Have Things Changed? Volume 178Issue 1July 2007Page: 12-13 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Peter J. Bostrom More articles by this author Mark S. Soloway More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
GENDER AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: DOES GENDER MATTER?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The importance of gender in community development has been a neglected issue in U.S. community development. This study analyzed the extent to which male and female respondents differed in their willingness to support community services. Using data from needs assessments conducted in eight rural counties in Illinois, the authors tested the hypothesis that certain community services are more likely to be supported by women than by men, since women are more affected by them. Tests of significance showed virtually no differences between men and women in terms of the type of services they were willing to support. Several implications of the findings are discussed.
The Extent of as Path Inflation by Routing Policies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Overlay routing is a very attractive scheme that improves TCP performance and delay between peer to peer. In this we are considering the imaginary path if there is no physical path between the nodes, that decreases the delay and increases the TCP performance. In earlier days also we are using overlay routing including schemes like BGP routing etc. But in those days they didn’t consider the optimization of paths and TCP performance. In this paper we rigorously study the optimization problem and TCP throughput . We examine the practical aspects of the scheme by using several scenarios. The first one is BGP routing, the main scheme is occurance of INFLATED PATHS in overlay routing. The second one is TCP performance ,the RTT(Round Trip Time) and TCP performance are correlated to each other and the third one is VOIP(Voice Over Internet Protocol ) , it carries voice from end to end . So we can significantly reduce the maximal peer-to-peer delay by using relay nodes.
Measures to Overcome High School Students English Learning Burnout

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

High school is an important period for the cultivation of academic emotions and a key stage for talent training. And Foreign language learning is the main subject. However, in reality, under the influence of the baton of the college entrance examination, English learning is more test-oriented. High school students often faced with heavy learning tasks and have huge psychological pressure, so their academic emotions are also facing serious challenges. In particular, they have learning anxiety and burnout, which will not only influence students' physical and mental development, but also affect their academic performance. This situation highlights the need for an explore the foreign language learning burnout among Chinese high school students. This article explains the definition of emotional intelligence and foreign language learning burnout, analyzes the causes and how to alleviate it from multi-aspect. This provide some enlightenment for foreign language teaching, improve the teaching effectiveness and promote high school students learning well-being.
Operation, control, and simulation of modular multilevel converters with embedded energy storage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) with storage have become popular to interconnect energy storage into power systems. The complexity of the converter makes the EMT simulation inefficient. This thesis presents a detailed equivalent model (DEM), which can be used to efficiently and accurately simulate MMCs with storage accurately. Operation and control methods of these converters are studied. The developed DEM is validated against a detailed switching model (DSM) implementation of a single phase MMC with storage. An application case of the MMC with storage in a microgrid is also studied for simulation efficiency and the impact of storage on a network. A prototype is used to validate simulation results developed from the DEM. The thesis shows that the DEM can produce accurate simulation results for MMCs with storage. Reduction of computing time achieved by the DEM is validated. The waveforms obtained from a prototype, further validates the accuracy of the DEM.