jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of an irrigation regime for winter wheat to save water resources by avoiding irrigation at anthesis stage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Latest published information is limited on agronomic responses of winter wheat to irrigation quantity and the necessity of irrigation at the anthesis stage. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate winter wheat yield, water use, assimilate redistribution and economic benefit with respect to water input and (2) quantify relationship between water input and yield to develop a standard for withholding irrigation at anthesis. A 4‐year long field experiment was conducted to evaluate winter wheat water use, yield formation pathway and farmers' income under three irrigation regimes: rainfed, irrigation at sowing and jointing (SJ‐W) and irrigation at sowing, jointing and anthesis (SJA‐W). The yield formation pathway was correlated with the water‐induced variation in assimilate redistribution and accumulation. Throughout the experimental period, wheat yield was 19–38% lower in rainfed than that under other irrigation treatments. Moreover, SJ‐W treatment substantially increased biomass accumulation at anthesis, accelerated assimilate redistribution in vegetative organs and eventually resulted in a similar wheat yield to that of SJA‐W. Simultaneously, the SJ‐W treatment had lower irrigation water, reduced additional irrigation cost, suppressed yield loss and obtained a similar farmer's net income to the SJA‐W treatment. Water‐induced variations in yield were determined by irrigation, rainfall and soil water storage. SJ‐W plots receiving 204–331 mm water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and holding 549–587 mm soil water during anthesis stage achieved higher irrigation water use efficiency and yield relative to the rainfed and SJA‐W plots. In contrast, water input under rainfed plots exceeded 200 mm before anthesis, limiting yield substantially even when seasonal soil water consumption exceeded 160 mm. Developing a standard for withholding irrigation at the anthesis stage should incorporate 204–331 mm of water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and 549–587 mm soil water storage at anthesis, which could achieve a high wheat yield and save water resources.
The Critique of Legal Principles Article 619 of the Islamic Penal Code (approved in 2013)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Regarding the amount of blackened diamond that has been blackened (Al-Sun al-Awsud), the fatwa of the Imams is different and different; As the present paper of the subject in the written jurisprudential legacy has identified four theories in the assumption of the problem: 1. Three thirds of a healthy diyeh. 2. A quarter of a diy's proof. 3. Arsh's proof. 4. A detailed view (a third of a diyeh in a corrosive black teeth and an arshash fixation in a black teeth that is not weak). However, the legislator of the Islamic Penal Code chooses from among the existing votes the famous view (the third of the bill), which reflects the following in Article 619: "... Diyah teeth that have already been blackened, one third of the Diyah is the same teeth" But the results of this research suggest weakness of this view. In the descriptive-analytic research, and in a problem-oriented manner, after the explanation of the words in the problem, they have tried to evaluate and analyze them and evaluate their validity in the balance of the jurisprudence. The results of the research show that the only view that can reasonably be defensible is the promise of the
The telecommunication industry: A turnaround in Japan's global presence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter shows how former strengths became debilitating weaknesses in the Japanese telecoms industry. NTT was the ‘locomotive’ which powered the industry with its ‘family’ of equipment suppliers in the 1980s. In the 1990s, however, it placed its bets on ‘competency enhancing’ ATM and ISDN, and fell victim to the ‘disruptive’ technology of TCP/IP. Strong relational ties with its suppliers led them as well to be weak competitors in the emergent Internet networking equipment industry, and a lack of new entrants forestalled alternatives from emerging within Japan. Japanese problems in international standard setting are identified, again betting on the established committee process and failing to engage in the fluid IETF process.
Co-induction of beta-galactosidase and the lactose-P-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The addition of lactose, galactose, or isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) to glucose-grown cells of Streptococcus salivarius 25975 resulted in the co-induction of both the lactose-P-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (lactose-PTS) and beta-galactosidase, with the latter the predominant metabolic system. With various strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis 10556, on the other hand, the lactose-PTS was the major metabolic pathway with beta-galactosidase induced either to low or negligible levels. In all cases, induction of the lactose-PTS resulted in the concomitant induction of 6-P-beta-galactosidase. The induction by lactose of both the lactose-PTS and beta-galactosidase in all strains was repressed by glucose and other catabolites, notably, fructose. Induction of beta-galactosidase in S. salivarius 25975 by IPTG was, however, relatively resistant to glucose repression. Induction experiments with IPTG and lactose suggested that a cellular metabolite of lactose metabolism was a repressor of enzyme activity. Exogenous cAMP was shown to reverse the transient repression by glucose of beta-galactosidase induction in cells of S. salivarius 25975 receiving lactose, provided the cells were grown with small amounts of toluene to overcome the permeability barrier to this nucleotide, cAMP, was however, unable to overcome the permanent repression of beta-galactosidase activity to a significant extent under these conditions.
Early performance-based and patient-reported outcomes of a contemporary taper fit bone-conserving short stem femoral component in total hip arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The aim of this study was to compare early functional and health related quality of life outcomes (HRQoL) in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a bone conserving short stem femoral component and those in whom a conventional length uncemented component was used. Outcome was assessed using a validated performance based outcome instrument as well as patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Patients and Methods We prospectively analysed 33 patients whose THA involved a contemporary proximally porous coated tapered short stem femoral component and 53 patients with a standard conventional femoral component, at a minimum follow-up of two years. The mean follow-up was 31.4 months (24 to 39). Patients with poor proximal femoral bone quality were excluded. The mean age of the patients was 66.6 years (59 to 77) and the mean body mass index was 30.2 kg/m 2 (24.1 to 41.0). Outcome was assessed using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and the University College Hospital (UCH) hip score which is a validated performance based instrument. HRQoL was assessed using the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D). Results There were no major peri-operative complications. There was no difference in the mean post-operative OHS, EQ-5D or function subscale of the UCH hip scores between the two groups. The mean pre-operative OHS and EQ-5D scores improved significantly (all p < 0.001). The mean functional component of the UCH hip score at final follow-up was 42.5 and 40.6 in the short stem and conventional stem groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.42). A total of seven patients (21.2%) in the short stem group and nine (16.98%) in the conventional group achieved a ceiling effect using the OHS; none did using the function subscale of the UCH hip score. Conclusion The proximally porous coated tapered short stem femoral component achieves comparable short-term functional outcomes when compared with a conventional longer stem uncemented femoral component when THA is undertaken in patients with good bone quality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(4 Supple B):49–55.
Self-Projection

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1957, a decade before Roland Barthes announced the death of the author, François Truffaut called for a new era in which films would “resemble the person who made” them and be “even more personal” than an autobiographical novel. More than five decades on, it seems that Barthes has won the argument when it comes to most film critics. The cinematic author, we are told, has been dead for a long time. Yet Linda Haverty Rugg contends not only that the art cinema auteur never died, but that the films of some of the most important auteurs are intensely, if complexly, related to the lives and self-images of their directors. Self-Projection explores how nondocumentary narrative art films create alternative forms of collaborative self-representation and selfhood.The book examines the work of celebrated directors who plant autobiographical traces in their films, including Truffaut, Bergman, Fellini, Tarkovsky, Herzog, Allen, Almodóvar, and von Trier. It is not simply that these directors, and many others like them, make autobiographical references or occasionally appear in their films, but that they tie their films to their life stories and communicate that link to their audiences. Projecting a new kind of selfhood, these directors encourage identifications between themselves and their work even as they disavow such connections. And because of the collaborative and technological nature of filmmaking, the director’s self-projection involves actors, audience, and the machines and institution of the cinema as well.Lively and accessible, Self-Projection sheds new light on the films of these iconic directors and on art cinema in general, ultimately showing how film can transform not only the autobiographical act but what it means to have a self.
MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ VALUE ORIENTATIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper describes a problem of developing value orientations of students in secondary vocational education institutions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The concepts of “modeling method” and “development of value guidelines” are revealed. Approaches and principles, structural components have been identified and justified, pedagogical conditions for the development of students’ value orientations have been determined. A logical structure of the model has been constructed, consisting of 5 components: target, methodological, content-based, criterion-diagnostic and effective. Approbation of the model in the educational process took place in Yakut Industrial Pedagogical College named after V.M. Chlenov of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The result of experimental work to identify the levels of development of students’ value orientations is presented. The proposed model for the development of students’ value orientations can be used not only for the pedagogical activities of educational institutions of secondary vocational education, but also at different levels and types of educational organizations.
Phase I/II study of Yttrium-90 labeled humanized anti-Tac (HAT) monoclonal antibody and calcium DTPA in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1780 Objectives: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity and clinical response of patients (Pts) with ATL to 90Y-HAT. Previously we demonstrated that 90Y-labeled murine anti-Tac (CD25) produced responses in ATL but HAMA production limited treatment. HAT, a humanized monoclonal antibody to CD25, eliminates this risk and was expected to produce superior clinical benefits. Methods: Eligibility: ATL with ≥10% CD25+ cells or serum soluble-Tac >1,000 U/mL, ANC>1,000/mm3, Plt.>75,000/mm3, adequate hepatic/renal function and informed consent. The Phase I dose escalation study started at 15mCi 90Y-HAT and increased by 5 mCi in each cohort until MTD. 111In-labeled HAT was co-administered for tumor imaging. To reduce marrow exposure to free 90Y, Ca DTPA was infused for 3 days. Treatments were administered every 6 weeks if the ANC >1500/mm3, Plt. >100,000/mm3 and no disease progression. Results: 20 Pts., median age 43 years (range, 27-68), 8 males, 12 females, 17 with prior treatment, received a median of 1 cycle (range, 1-9). In the initial 8 Pts. bone marrow suppression limited treatment. The study was amended so only the first dose was escalated in each cohort, and subsequent treatments got 5mCi 90Y-HAT. Twelve additional patients were treated. Dose-limiting thrombocytopenia occurred at 30mCi 90Y-HAT and the MTD was 25mCi. Toxicities were mostly hematological: grade 3/4 granulocytopenia- 12 Pts. (60%), thrombocytopenia- 9 Pts. (45%), and anemia- 3 Pts. (15%). One Pt. had tumor lysis syndrome requiring intensive care support. Localization of 111In-HAT at tumor sites was seen. There were 2 CRs (5 and 32 mo) and 7 PRs (2, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 16 mo). Phase II enrolled 9 Pts., median age 52 years (range, 34-74), 5 males, 4 females, 6 with prior treatment. A total of 12 cycles were administered. Only 3 Pts. received a second dose. One Pt. achieved a PR (6 weeks). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in 6 Pts. (67%), thrombocytopenia in 3(34%), and anemia in 1(11%). One Grade 3 mucositis was the only significant non-hematological toxicity. Median survival on Phase II was 4.75 months (range, 1-99+). Conclusions: The MTD of 90Y-HAT therapy in ATL was 25 mCi. There was a 45% response rate in Phase I but only a single short duration response in Phase II. The response rate with 90Y-HAT was not improved compared with 90Y labeled murine anti-Tac. Research Support (if any): This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH
Use of all-male triploid population of zebrafish (Danio rerio) for evaluation of 17α-ethinylestradiol effects.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The simple presence of vitellogenin is a definite symptom indicative of the potential for such changes due to the action of estrogenic substances. As such, this experiment has shown that the use of all-male triploid zebrafish populations, rather than the mixed-sex populations of other species previously used, could serve as a suitable alternative model population for controlled testing of the effects of xenoestrogens on fish.
A systematic meta-Review and analysis of learning analytics research

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As an emerging field of research, learning analytics (LA) offers practitioners and researchers information about educational data that is helpful for supporting decisions in management of teaching and learning. While often combined with educational data mining (EDM), crucial distinctions exist for LA that mandate a separate review. This study aims to conduct a systematic meta-review of LA for mining key information that could assist in describing new and helpful directions to this field of inquiry. Within 901 LA articles analyzed, eight reviews were identified and synthesised to identify and determine consistencies and gaps. Results show that LA is at the stage of early majority and has attracted great research efforts from other fields. The majority of LA publications were focused on proposing LA concepts or frameworks and conducting proof-of-concept analysis rather than conducting actual data analysis. Collecting small datasets for LA research is predominant, especially in K-12 field. Finally, four major LA research topics, including prediction of performance, decision support for teachers and learners, detection of behavioural patterns & learner modelling and dropout prediction, were identified and discussed deeply. The future research of LA is also outlined for purpose of better understanding and optimising learning as well as learning contexts.
Enhancing patient experience by training local trainers in fundamental communication skills

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical centers have a vested interest in improving patient experience through enhancing communication skills. The American Academy on Communication in Healthcare has helped institutions across the country establish internal expertise through delivering train-the-trainer programs. The phases of the program include preparing for implementation of the program, having program participants undergo a fundamental communication skills workshop and then understanding the theoretical and practical rationales underlying the workshop, setting up practice sessions for participants to achieve mastery, and ensuring long-term viability of a communication skills improvement initiative. Outcomes for participants include increased self-assessed personal communication skill, optimism about rolling out a communication skills program, and enhanced communication and hopefulness in working with colleagues. Train-the-trainer programs are a viable way to create enduring communities of local experts who can implement and support institutions’ commitments to excellence in the communication skills of their providers.
Serum calprotectin as a marker of autoimmunity activation in rheumatologic diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Calprotectin is a heterodimer formed by two proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, which are mainly produced by activated monocytes and neutrophils. The role of calprotectin in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatic diseases has attracted a high attention in the last years. According to modern data, circulating serum calprotectin can be considered as a marker of the inflammatory process due to neutrophil activity. An association between its high level and some severe manifestations of autoimmune diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and pulmonary fibrosis, has been found. Also, of interest is its potential role as a target for drug therapy, an indicator of prognosis of therapeutic response to treatment. This article reviews the key biological functions of calprotectin that may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatologic diseases, presenting its potential use as a biomarker of these pathologies.
Study on the Upper Limit of Roof Failure in Soft Rock Roadway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study addresses the issue of large deformation in soft rock roadways, using the 50213 tailgate of Guantun Coal Mine as a case study. Field investigations were conducted to assess the condition of roadway bolts, anchor cables, and the internal damage characteristics of the surrounding rock. The upper bound method of limit analysis in plastic mechanics was utilized to construct a failure model for the surrounding rock and derive the upper limit solution of roof failure by integrating the principle of virtual work and variational extremum theorem. Physical similarity simulations were employed to investigate the fracture distribution and evolution law of the surrounding rock. Based on the deformation and instability mechanism of the roadway, optimized support parameters for soft rock roadways were proposed and verified through numerical simulation. The results indicate that the surrounding rock of the sharp corner of the roadway is initially destroyed and develops upward with increasing stress. The interconnected horizontal separation cracks at the anchorage end of the anchor cable and shear fracture zones at the two corners ultimately lead to the overall instability of the anchorage arch. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation boundary exhibited significant similarity with the failure evolution law and distribution pattern. Following the adoption of the optimized support scheme, roof subsidence decreased by 46.7% compared to the original scheme, and the amount of movement on both sides decreased by 36.2%. The control effect of the surrounding rock was favorable, and its internal stability was significantly improved, thereby effectively resolving the issue of large deformation in soft rock roadways.
Analyzing the Influence of Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, AI Integration, and Tax Incentives on Company Growth

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This qualitative research aims to investigate the intricate interplay between intellectual capital, human capital, AI integration, and tax incentives concerning company growth. Employing a holistic approach, the study conceptualizes a comprehensive model to understand the dynamic relationships among these variables. Through purposive sampling, data are gathered from a diverse range of companies across industries. Utilizing thematic analysis, the data is systematically scrutinized to unveil patterns and insights. Preliminary findings suggest that intellectual capital and human capital serve as crucial drivers, augmented by the strategic integration of AI and favorable tax incentives. The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing company growth in the contemporary business landscape.
Crystallography of bacterial RNA polymerase complexed with transcription factors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BxlE isolated from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus OPC-520, together with the integral membrane proteins BxlF and BxlG, form an ATPbinding cassette (ABC) transport system that mediates the uptake of xylane.To clarify the structural basis for sugar binding by BxlE at the atomic level, recombinant BxlE was crystallized by the hangingdrop vapor-diffusion method at 290 K.The crystals belonged to monoclinic space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a=44.63,b=63.27,c=66.40Å, β=103.05°,and contained one 48 kDa molecule per asymmetric unit (VM=1.96Å 3 /Da).Diffraction data collected to a resolution of 1.65 Å using a rotating anode X-ray source gave a data set with an overall Rmerge of 2.6% and a completeness of 91.3%.A data set for a platinum derivative is being used for phasing by the SAD method.We have determined the crystal structure of BxlE at 2.1 Å resolution.The structure of BxlE is comprised of two domain.The two domains are linked by three hinge segments.These hinge segments would allow the opening and closing of two domains for binding of sugar.
Sectarianism as a Menace to Social, Economic and Political Participation: A Case Study from Pakistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pakistan is a heterogeneous society where people belonging to different religions, cultures and languages are living side by side with each other. Within the dominant religion Islam there are two major sects, shia and sunni, who have a roller coaster history of mutual relations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current status of the one of the sub groups of shia community, Hazara; dominantly living in and around Quetta city. Several shades of terrorism also include sectarian colouring and Hazara community has been facing severe attacks by militants. Study of the effects of terrorist attacks on the socio-political and economic position of this community is the primary subject matter of this research. Using an observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative research design, a face-to-face field survey was conducted in Hazara-populated areas in Quetta, Pakistan. Hundreds of people have either lost their lives or been subjected to severe injuries in dozens of terrorist attacks. The Hazara people are living in a profound sense of insecurity and distrust, which makes this community one of the most beleaguered in Pakistan.