jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The proportion of oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients with prior barrett's oesophagus: results from a large population based cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a premalignant condition that predisposes to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). BO is difficult to detect due to the asymptomatic nature of the condition. Prognosis from OAC is generally poor and population screening for BO has been suggested in order to increase detection and surveillance of BO. To date there has been no population based study that determined the proportion of OAC patients who had a prior diagnosis of BO. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of OAC patients with a prior BO diagnosis and to compare outcomes of these patients with those having no prior diagnosis of BO. Methods The Northern Ireland Barrett's register (NIBR) is a large population based register hosted within the Northern Ireland Cancer registry (NICR) of all patients in Northern Ireland diagnosed with BO between 1993 and 2005. Data on all patients diagnosed with OAC between 2003 and 2005 were obtained from the NICR database. This data was matched to the NIBR to identify patients with OAC that had a prior diagnosis of BO. Mortality data until the end of December 2008 was obtained through the Northern Ireland Registrar General's office. Patients undergoing surgical resection were identified through hospital episode statistics. Survival analysis was conducted comparing cancer cases with or without a prior BO diagnosis. Results 487 patients were diagnosed with OAC in Northern Ireland between 2003 and 2005. Male: Female ratio 2.7:1. A total of 34 patients had a prior diagnosis of BO (6.9%). OAC patients with a prior BO diagnosis were younger at OAC diagnosis than those without (mean age 68.4 years vs 70.1 years); this difference however was not significant (p=0.42). OAC patients with prior BO were significantly more likely to have undergone surgical resection than those without (41.2% vs 20.8%; p=0.006). Adjusted survival analysis showed that OAC patients with prior BO had a reduced risk of death compared to those with no prior BO. Conclusion The proportion of OAC patients with prior clinically detected BO is small. The significant difference seen in surgical resection rates between the groups suggests that patients with prior BO are detected at an earlier OAC stage than those without. Survival analysis suggesting a survival advantage for those with prior BO is likely to be influenced by both lead time and length time bias. Current strategies for the detection of BO in the population identify only a small proportion of those that eventually progress to adenocarcinoma.
Cultural Values Predict Coping Using Culture as an Individual Difference Variable in Multicultural Samples

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Three studies establish the relations between cultural values and coping using multicultural samples of international students. Study 1 established the cross-cultural measurement invariance of subscales of the Cope inventory Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) used in the article. The cultural value dimensions of embeddedness versus autonomy and hierarchy versus egalitarianism predicted how international students from 28 (Study 2) and 38 (Study 3) countries coped with adapting to living in a new country. Cultural values predicted coping by religion, and this relation was only partly mediated by personally valuing tradition, cultural norms, and perceived difficulty of adapting. Cultural values predicted emotion-focused/avoidant coping beyond neuroticism and seeking social support beyond extraversion. Mediators to the relations between cultural values and these coping strategies were also found. The results demonstrate the power of cultural values to predict coping and bring to the forefront the use of multicultural samples as an important method in cross-cultural research.
Recoil tritium reactions with propene in the gas phase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecoil tritium reactions with propene in the gas phaseKent I. Mahan and John K. GarlandCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 8, 1031–1036Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100678a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100678a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Denormalized occurrence table of the Paleobiology Database

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Comprehensive denormalized occurrence table built with the API of the Paleobiology Database (http://paleobiodb.org/). Archived for the Chronosphere project by Ádám T. Kocsis. Downloaded on 2021-04-05 with the API call:https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.csv?datainfo&rowcount&interval=Ediacaran,Holocene&show=class,classext,genus,subgenus,coll,coords,loc,paleoloc,strat,stratext,lith,env,ref,crmod,timebins,timecompare,refattr,entnameContents: pbdb_occs.rds: occurrence table in binary R data file.pbdb_parquet.zip: occurrence table, zipped parquet filepbdb_csv.zip: occurrence table, zipped csv filemetadata.txt: The metadata of the download.
A case study of model for playability and effectiveness analysis of serious games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

기능성게임은 단순히 재미를 즐기기 위한 수단이 아닌 교육, 의료, 홍보, 경영 등 다양한 분야에서 특별한 목적을 의도로 개발되어 활용된다. 이러한 기능성게임은 일반적인 게임이 가지는 게임성과 함께 특별한 목적에 부합하는 효과성을 가지고 있어야 한다. 하지만, 게임성과 효과성을 모두 나타내는 것은 어려운 일이다. 본 연구는 기능성게임의 게임성과 효과성을 살펴보고 우수한 기능성 게임의 모델을 찾는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 실험에서는 상용화되어 서비스 중인 몇몇 기능성게임과 일반게임의 게임성과 효과성을 살펴보았고, 의미 있는 결과를 확인하였다.
From direct to hybrid marketing: a new IBM go‐to‐market model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the 1980s, a profound change in the information technology (IT) market forced IBM to modify the organisation and management of its selling structure. There was only an internal sales channel at first and IBM had interactive relationships with individual customers. The process of change began when the number of customers increased and their average size decreased. IBM began to support its internal channel of sales representatives with an external channel of business partners for the distribution of high volume products. Having to face new problems, like business partner loyalty and the loss of market control, IBM has decided to adopt, as a general strategy, a new go‐to‐market model called the hybrid model. By mixing and coordinating direct activities, such as mailings, phone calls and tele‐coverage, with commercial business partner actions and operations, IBM now has a new competitive advantage.
Online Collaborative Perception of Full Bridge Deck Driving Visual of Far Blind Area on Suspension Bridge during Vortex-Induced Vibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During a vertical vortex-induced vibration (VVIV), an undulating bridge deck will affect drivers’ sightlines, causing the phenomenon of drifting and changes in the far blind area, thus presenting a potential threat to driving safety. Consequently, to ensure the safety of driving on a suspension bridge deck under VVIV, it is necessary to perceive the far blind spot caused by the occlusion of the driving sightlines under this condition, and to establish an online perception and evaluation mechanism for driving safety. With a long-span suspension bridge experiencing VVIV as the engineering background, this paper utilizes the acceleration integration algorithm and the sine function fitting method to achieve the online perception of real-time dynamic configurations of the main girder. Then, based on the configurations, the maximum height of the driver’s far blind area and effective sight distance are calculated accordingly, and the impact of different driving conditions on them is discussed. The proposed technical framework for driving safety perception in far blind spots is feasible, as it can achieve real-time estimation of the maximum height and effective distance of the far blind area, thereby providing technical support for bridge–vehicle–human collaborative perception and traffic control during vortex-induced vibration.
Unveiling the nitrogen chemistry of Titan with the Dragonfly Mass Spectrometer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Titan offers a window to an extremely complex and abundant organic chemistry, initiated in its high atmosphere by solar radiation and energetic particles from Saturn&#8217;s magnetosphere, and which sediments and triggers chain reactions down to the surface. The final products are solid organic aerosols present in high concentration in the atmosphere and at the surface of Titan.Remote sensing and in situ analyses of the atmosphere, composed primarily of N2 and CH4, have indicated that nitrogen is incorporated in significant amount in both the gaseous and solid phases [1]. Laboratory experiments simulating Titan&#8217;s atmospheric chemistry have yielded a wide variety of organic molecules based on C, N and H atoms [2], including pre-biotically important nitrogen-bearing molecules such as amines [3], nucleobases and possibly amino acids [4]. Once deposited at the surface, the solid organic materials may be exposed to geophysical conditions that promote chemical evolution beyond the atmospherically generated population. Notably, in certain regions organics may have been exposed to transient liquid water, such as in putative cryovolcanic regions or impact craters [5]&#160;One major goal of the Dragonfly mission is to measure Titan surface materials found in sites that are representative of different environments such as dunes and icy surfaces. Chemical analyses of these different materials by the Dragonfly Mass Spectrometer (DraMS) will be performed with Laser Desorption/ionization Mass Spectrometry (LDMS) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). These two complementary analytical techniques combine to allow detection and identification of compounds with a wide range of mass and chemical functionalities. This dual approach is soon to be demonstrated in situ with the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) experiment on the Rosalind Franklin martian rover [6]. However, as the nature of the samples and molecules to be analyzed significantly differs between Mars and Titan surface, the sample measurement approaches and the preparation techniques have to be optimized to the detection and identification of Titan&#8217;s organic molecules. We present here the LDMS and GCMS techniques that will be used to analyze in situ materials collected at Titan&#8217;s surface. We demonstrate the detection of chemical compounds of interest to prebiotic chemistry, with an emphasize on the amines and amides chemical families as well as nucelobases, such molecules being of high interest for prebiotic chemistry given their ubiquity in biochemical systems and possible role in red-ox energy pathways. We also present analyses of laboratory analog materials that represent Titan&#8217;s complex organics.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of new amide derivatives of piperine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The natural lipophilic amides piperine and piperiline were isolated from Piper nigrum L (Piperaceae). Piperine was hydrolysed into piperic acid (85% yield) which was converted into 16 amides (28–89% yield). The contact toxicity of all synthetic amides, and also that of piperine and piperiline, at the dose 10 µg per insect, was evaluated for the Brazilian economically important insects Ascia monuste orseis Latr, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, Brevicoryne brassicae L, Protopolybia exigua DeSaus and Cornitermes cumulans Kollar. The results demontrated that the insects have different sensivities to the various amides, with mortality ranging from 0 to 97.5% according to the compound and insect species. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of Covid-19 on the Aviation Industry: An Overview of Global and Some Local Effects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily paralysed demand for air travel causing long-term implications for all industry stakeholders involved. Nobody was spared, and without government support, many airlines, airports and air navigation service providers (ANSP), would have gone out of business already in the first year of the pandemic. In order to assess the global impact of COVID-19 on the aviation industry, this paper reviewed data from publications by various international aviation organizations, academic papers, and annual reports by airlines, airports and ANSPs, etc. The findings show that the global aviation industry was severely hit by the pandemic, pushing all stakeholders to adopt countermeasures, with the most common response by airlines being the reconfiguring their networks and capacity or switching to cargo operations, airports and other operators reacted by reducing staff numbers, while passengers had to adapt to the new travel rules and the new normality.
Mechanics of the interaction of material and procedural using the example of an assignment in execution proceedings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the article, the author considers certain issues related to the transfer of law from the assignor to the assignee at the stage of execution of a judicial act. The thesis is substantiated that the facts that are not directly related to the change of persons in the material legal relationship should not have any significance for the replacement of the party to the enforcement proceedings. The issues related to the legal consequences of the discrepancy between the assigned right of claim and what is reflected in the enforcement document are discussed. The problems of legal consequences of the earlier partial execution and the expiration of the deadline for submitting the enforcement document for execution are considered. For the execution of the claim made by the debtor to the original creditor or the acquirer in the period from the moment of receipt of the notification of the assignment until the replacement of the recoverer in accordance with the established procedure, approaches are proposed aimed at coordinating the public execution procedure with the change of the creditor that has occurred.
[Possible correction of the isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in the developing rat brain in antenatal hypoxia].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In ontogenesis (within 14 and 30 days of postnatal period) in brain cortex and medulla oblongata of rats the LDH isoenzyme spectrum was altered exhibiting an increase in LDH1 and a decrease in LDH5 content. Antenatal hypoxia caused a decrease in aerobic isoenzymes in brain cortex and an increase in their content in medulla oblongata. Nootropyl (pyracetame) corrected the LDH isoenzyme spectra in brain cortex of 14 days old rats and in medulla oblongata of 30 days old animals. The correction of the isoenzyme spectra was not observed in 30 days old animals.
Optimizing Membership Function Tuning for Fuzzy Control of Robotic Manipulators Using PID-Driven Data Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a method for optimizing membership function tuning for fuzzy control of robotic manipulators using PID-driven data techniques is presented. Traditional approaches for designing membership functions in fuzzy control systems often rely on the experience and knowledge of the system designer, which can lead to suboptimal performance. By utilizing data collected from a PID control system, the proposed method aims to enhance the precision and controllability of robotic manipulators through improved fuzzy logic control. A Mamdani-type fuzzy logic controller was developed and its performance was simulated in Simulink, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique. The results indicate that the method can outperform conventional P control systems in terms of overshoot reduction while maintaining comparable transient response specifications. This research highlights the potential of the PID-driven data-based approach for optimizing membership function tuning in fuzzy control systems and offers valuable insights for the development and evaluation of fuzzy logic control in robotic manipulators. Future work may focus on further optimization of the tuning process, evaluation of system robustness under various operating conditions, and exploring the integration of other artificial intelligence techniques for improved control performance.
The Future Role of Smart Libraries for Smart Users: An Overview

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For libraries to provide information services and work as a collection center that can meet various needs, they must create a continuous information system based on new information and communication technology.There is also a need to develop mobile services using portable devices such as smartphones and tablets and information systems including cloud computing, Software as a Service -SaaS, annotations, and the Library 2.0 concept.This article describes a data library using artificial intelligence and cloud computing.The information system developed in this study adopted the concept of cloud computing as SaaS to prevent the change of the mobile library service paradigm and the explosive growth of electrical equipment.Advantages of this architecture include resource sharing, multitenant support, and metadata configuration and support.When necessary, user support is provided in the form of software.Performance reviews and TTA certifications were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the design process.The results supported by the performance test are that the processing time for at least 100 MB is approximately linear and the average overhead is only less than two.The system also passed Level 3 or above in certification tests including SaaS development, performance and application functionality.This article aims to discuss new technologies that come together to create smart libraries.Smart libraries are new-generation libraries that integrate smart devices, smart users and smart services.
Statins and age: is there a limit beyond which primary prevention is futile?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypercholesterolaemic patients at an advanced age (&gt;75 years) with and without known cardiovascular disease are at higher cardiovascular risk than younger subjects, and the frequency of vascular events in this group of the patient increases with increasing age. However, in clinical practice, these subjects are undertreated for various reasons: conservative cultural attitude, fear of side effects, doubts about efficacy, lack of specific trials. Two recent meta-analyses have shown that the use of lipid-lowering drugs is as safe and effective in this age group as in younger subjects. Subjects aged &gt;75 years in primary prevention are poorly represented in trials but should be considered for treatment in daily clinical practice, because, in the risk assessment (SCORE algorithm), they are very often classified as intermediate or high risk but can also be reclassified at increased risk if an additional assessment step with clinical markers (diabetes and reduced glomerular filtrate) or cardiovascular imaging is used for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis. Greater attention to treatment methods and monitoring of possible side effects is recommended, but the only limit to the treatment is its ‘futility’ in the fragile patient.
In‐hospital Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Is Associated With Shorter Hospitalization for Children With Choledocholithiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives: Children with choledocholithiasis are frequently managed at tertiary children's hospitals that do not have available endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) proceduralists. We hypothesized that patients treated at hospitals without ERCP proceduralists would have a longer hospital length of stay (LOS) than those with ERCP proceduralists. Methods: Charts were reviewed for patients who underwent cholecystectomy and ERCP at 3 tertiary children's hospitals over 10 years. Trauma and complicated pancreatitis patients were excluded. Comparisons between patients requiring and not requiring transfer for ERCP were made using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Results: One hundred and sixty‐four children underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis: 79 (48%) in the transfer group and 85 (52%) in the no transfer group. Median LOS was longer for patients requiring transfer (7 vs 5 days, P < 0.0001). One‐third (34%) of the transfer patients had magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography compared to only 7% that did not require transfer ( P < 0.0001). Among the 123 patients who underwent ERCP before cholecystectomy, 53% required (66/123) transfer and 47% (57/123) did not. Transfer group patients had longer median hospital LOS ( P < 0.0001), more days between admission and ERCP ( P < 0.0001), and more days between ERCP and surgery ( P = 0.0004). Conclusions: Overall median LOS was significantly shorter for patients who underwent ERCP at the admitting facility. Patients who underwent ERCP before cholecystectomy at hospitals without available ERCP proceduralists incurred longer LOS. There is a need for more pediatric proceduralists appropriately trained to perform ERCP in children.
Perstraction: A Membrane-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction of PFOA from Water

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study represents a first time that perstraction was assessed as a process to remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. In the perstraction process, PFOA permeates through a membrane from water to a solvent. The membrane used in this study was polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The experimental approach included the following: (1) measurement of partition coefficients for PFOA between water and selected solvents; (2) determination of solubility and diffusivity of the solvents in PDMS; (3) determination of the uptake of PFOA in PDMS; (4) determination of the effects of selected particles imbedded in the PDMS on PFOA uptake and solvent absorption; and (5) demonstration of the perstraction process to remove PFOA from water. PFOA preferentially partitioned to alcohols over water. In addition, ZnO and CuO particles in PDMS significantly enhanced the rate at which PFOA was absorbed in PDMS from deionized water due to ionic interactions. The perstraction of PFOA from deionized water into hexanol was demonstrated. However, perstraction was not successful at removing PFOA from tap water. While the application of perstraction to removing PFOA from water is limited, the idea was demonstrated and information contained within this manuscript is new.