jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare inherited disorder associated with syncope and sudden death manifesting in the young during sympathetic activation. The electrocardiogram is normal and the heart is structurally normal. The diagnosis is usually made with an exercise stress test that shows a typical pattern of onset and offset of adrenergically induced ventricular arrhythmias. Molecular screening of RyR2, the major CPVT gene, is recommended whenever the suspicion of CPVT is high. If a disease-causing mutation is identified, cascade screening allows pre-symptomatic diagnosis among family members. All affected subjects should be treated with beta blockers (nadolol or propranolol). Preliminary data support the association of beta blockers with flecainide. After a cardiac arrest, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) should be implanted, but it is accompanied by a disquietingly high incidence of adverse effects. After syncope on beta blocker therapy, left cardiac sympathetic denervation is most effective, preserves quality of life, and does not preclude a subsequent ICD implantation.
The Influence of Workers' Compensation on Safety Incentives

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the impact of workers' compensation benefits on the allocation of resources to injury prevention, using unpublished data from OSHA on injury rates in manufacturing industries within 36 states. The analysis shows that higher compensation benefits are associated with lower severity rates of injury, suggesting that higher benefits induce employers to spend more on the prevention of serious injuries. On the other hand, higher benefits are also associated with higher frequency rates of injury, suggesting that higher benefits induce employees to take less care in preventing less serious injuries. The author suggests ways of resolving this dilemma and stresses that his findings show that decisions about the structure of workers' compensation laws should not be based solely on income security considerations, as they often are.
Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Interference and its Use in Melanoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA interference,one of molecular biology research hotspots,is a natural pathway through which the endogenous or exogenous double-strand RNA selectively suppresses or down-regulate the homologous gene.Recently,the research on molecular mechanisms of RNA interference has been in rapid development,from post-transcriptional level to transcriptional and translational levels.The specificity of RNA interference brings a new hope for cancer treatment.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of RNA interference and its use in melanoma.
Physical layer security for SWIPT-NOMA system in presence of randomly located eavesdroppers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The combination of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technologies can improve spectrum efficiency of wireless system and solve the power supply problem of user nodes.However, when energy-harvesting receivers want to maliciously eavesdrop on confidential information sent by the base station, the information security transmission of SWIPT-NOMA system will be threatened.To enhance its physical layer security (PLS) performance, the PLS model of SWIPT-NOMA system with transmit antenna selection and power split strategies was proposed.When the spatial location randomly distributed energy-harvesting receivers obey the Poisson point process, the approximate expressions for the secrecy outage probability and non-zero secrecy capacity probability of SWIPT-NOMA system were derived by using the spatial Poisson probability generation function.Numerical and simulation results verify the accuracy of the expressions.The above expressions can also be used to study the influence of eavesdropper density, the distance between the base station and the far and near information receivers, the number of transmitting antennas and the power split factor on PLS performance of SWIPT-NOMA system.
Edited by:

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Understanding observable behavior by considering mental representations is central to social cognition. Research reveals quite different developmental trajectories for this ability depending on whether tasks assess implicit or explicit theory of mind (ToM). Yet, how to define implicit vs. explicit ToM, the tasks that elicit each, and the types of behavior that each can support, have remained unclear. The present study (n = 47) found that 3-year-olds incorporate predictions based on false beliefs into their intentional actions, but not – following identical scenarios – into their verbal responses. These data show that implicit ToM supports a broader range of behaviors than previously indicated and further illustrates the entrenched nature of the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge in early conceptual development.
Materials Data on Yb3Si5 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Yb3Si5 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Yb is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Si atoms. There are a spread of Yb–Si bond distances ranging from 3.10–3.20 Å. There are two inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Yb and three equivalent Si atoms. All Si–Si bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Yb and two equivalent Si atoms.
THE COURSE OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN PERSONS WITH POST-INFARCTION CARDIOSCLEROSIS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND OBESITY ACCORDING TO A NUMBER OF METABOLIC AND HORMONAL INDICATORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of lipid metabolism, biomarkers of fractalkin and clusterin inflammation on the development and progression of chronic heart failure in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and obesity. A retrospective analysis of a comprehensive examination of 67 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis with concomitant type 2 diabetes and obesity. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the functional class (FC) of CHF: 1 group (n = 22) - patients with CHF II FC; Group 2 (n = 23) - patients with CHF III FC; Group 3 (n = 22) - patients with CHF IV FC. All patients were examined clinically, they were instrumental, biochemical and hormonal examination. With the progression of CHF from FC II to FC III there is a deterioration of lipid metabolism: a significant increase in cholesterol levels by 5.5%, TG - by 15.7%, LDL cholesterol - by 74.4%, VLDL cholesterol - by 15 , 9%, reduction of HDL cholesterol - by 27.6% (p <0,05). An analysis of the fractal equation showing that ailing on CHF is advised by FC; rіven clusterin –decrease. Classical changes in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis with CHF and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity , which are the formation of atherogenic lipid metabolism disorders associated with body weight, as well as changes in the latest indicators such as fractalkin and clusterin , indicating the role of these molecules in the progression of CHF.
(Re) investigating Man, Drum and Music in Healing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To review the impact on the health of women of legally induced abortion, this paper draws on the published abortion statistics of Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries to examine the consistency of the demographic pattern of legally induced abortion with the known epidemiology of medical conditions that are abortion related.The age distribution of women having abortions is modelled.The social gradient of abortion is considered.Trends in Parous and Nulliparous abortions are reviewed.Health issues among women post abortion such as mental health and especially depressive illnesses, premature and low-weight births, and breast cancer are discussed so as to identify how the incidence of these conditions might be affected by abortion and indicate the prospects and priorities for future research.
Strengthening the Circle: Seeking Healthcare Equity for American Indians Experiencing Homelessness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Equitable healthcare is a concept that calls for more than just providing equal access to primary care services. In order to achieve equity for a particular community, the healthcare system must address the social factors that prevent better health for members of that community. Many studies have shown that the U.S. healthcare system does not provide equitable care either to American Indians or to people who are homeless. These studies have identified poverty, trauma, and low educational attainment as obstacles to improving health within both of these populations. However, there are no published studies that specifically explore healthcare equity for American Indians who are experiencing homelessness. My research attempts to fill this gap. In 2013, American Indians made up 4.3 percent of the total Missoula County population but 13.5 percent of Missoula's homeless. In an effort to determine how the healthcare system provides equitable care to American Indians who are homeless, I am conducting both informal and formal interviews with local American Indians living in the Poverello Center, an emergency housing shelter, or who are otherwise without stable housing. I am also collecting demographic data from public sources including the U.S. Census Bureau, the Montana Department of Public Health & Human Services, and the Indian Health Service (IHS), as well as obtaining utilization data from the Poverello Center and Missoula Indian Center (MIC), the local IHS-funded healthcare organization. I will use the data I collect to gauge whether or not the healthcare system is currently meeting the needs of American Indians in Missoula who are homeless. I will also work with the Poverello Center and MIC to develop strategies for making the local healthcare system more equitable, such as incorporating traditional healers, expanding workforce development opportunities, and adding programs or reshaping current program designs to address trauma and co-occurring disorders.
VALIDATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A SELF- REPORT SCREENING TOOL FOR THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1468 The purpose of this study was to validate a screening survey to detect problems related to the female athlete triad (FAT) by examining the associations between the survey responses and diagnostic criteria for disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and bone mineralization. Forty-one female, freshman collegiate athletes completed a 32 question direct survey addressing dietary practices, weight management, exercise and training levels, menstrual history, and bone health. Subjects also completed a psychological screening interview for disordered eating, and a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone scan. Follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and estradiol values were measured to evaluate menstrual function. Results of the psychological interview indicated 31% of the athletes met the diagnostic criteria for disordered eating. There was a significant relationship between eating disorder diagnoses and the survey responses regarding skipping meals and increasing exercise intensity and frequency as methods of weight control (p<.05). Body weight variables including frequency of weight measurement, weight goals, and perception of body weight were also significantly related to diagnosis of disordered eating (p<.05). Survey results regarding menstrual regularity and function indicated that 7.5% reported irregular periods. Abnormal estradiol levels were detected in 25% of study subjects; however, no significant relationships existed between survey responses and hormone measures of menstrual function. A significant relationship was detected between previous stress fracture incidence and bone mineral density of the proximal femur (p<.05). Results from this project indicate that the survey developed for collegiate female athletes has limited ability in identifying disordered eating patterns, or to detect problems in menstrual dysfunction or bone mineralization.
Awareness of human immunodeficiency virus screening guidelines is low in emergency departments of western Switzerland.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in Switzerland is 0.4% and 30% of HIV patients are diagnosed with CD4 counts <200 cells/microliter. In 2010, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOP) published updated guidelines regarding Physician- Initiated Counseling and Testing (PICT) for HIV. In the new guidelines, when acute HIV infection is suspected or HIV is among the differential diagnoses, an HIV test is performed without risk assessment nor prior counseling, unless the patient specifically refuses it. Counseling and verbal consent are still required when the patient asks for an HIV test or belongs to a high risk group. Whist HIV testing in the emergency departments (ED) is recommended, only 1% of patients are currently screened. Lack of awareness among physicians has been cited in the literature as the first barrier to guideline implementation. Objectives: To test if physicians working in EDs of 5 large teaching hospitals in western Switzerland, admitting 175,000 patients / year, were aware of the updated SFOP guidelines. Methods: A survey was delivered to 167 ED physicians in the summer of 2011. The survey consisted of 26 vignettes designed to test whether physicians would request an HIV test according to the new guidelines and if they knew when the PICT strategy was allowed or counseling required. Finally, physicians were asked the number of HIV tests they had requested in the previous 4 weeks, and if they were aware of the new HIV guidelines. Results are presented as mean and standard deviation, median and interquartile range (IQR), or as proportions; Student's t test was used to compare continuous variables; Results: 143 physicians returned the survey (86%); mean age was 32 ± 8 years, and median postgraduate experience of 6 years (IQR 3-12); 52% were male and 17% were attendings. The percentage of correct responses was 60 ± 13% with no difference between attendings and residents (p = 0.31); 2 of the 3 questions with the lowest scores were failure to recognize situations in which HIV testing was indicated, and the third one a failure to recognize acute HIV infection. 82% of physicians were not aware of the new guidelines. The median number of test requests was 1 (IQR 0-2, range 1-10). Conclusion: ED physicians are not aware of current HIV screening guidelines published by the SFOP, and rarely perform HIV tests. An information campaign is required if ED physicians are expected to play a significant role in the reduction of undiagnosed HIV patients.
Acceleration radiation and the generalized second law of thermodynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that the Bekenstein limit, $\frac{S}{E}\ensuremath{\le}2\ensuremath{\pi}R$, for the entropy-to-energy ratio of matter confined by a box of size $R$ is not needed for the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics. If one attempts to slowly lower a box containing rest energy $E$ and entropy $S$ into a black hole, there will be an effective buoyancy force on the box caused by the acceleration radiation felt by the box when it is suspended near the black hole. As a result there is a finite lower bound on the energy delivered to the black hole in this process and thus a minimal area increase which turns out to be just sufficient to ensure that the generalized second law of thermodynamics is satisfied. By reversing this process, we can "mine" energy from a black hole. The nature of these processes is also analyzed from an inertial point of view, and the mechanism by which energy is transported into and out of the black hole is explained. Analogous effects for accelerating boxes in flat spacetime are also analyzed.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from the Philippines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Philippine Society of Hypertension (PSH) took part again in the annual May Measurement Month 2021 (MMM21) blood pressure (BP) campaign to raise awareness of hypertension. The MMM standard protocol designed by the MMM coordinating centre was used during screening. These included the collection of basic data on demography, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Standardized sitting BP measurements were taken three times, using automated BP apparatus and were either entered via MMM21 app, MMM@Home, and Google Forms or recorded on paper and transferred to Excel spreadsheets by PSH encoders. Hypertension was defined either as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication. A total of 59 655 participated through opportunistic convenience sampling. After multiple imputation, a total of 26 813 (44.9%) participants were identified as having hypertension. Of these, 14 449 (53.9%) were aware and 12 978 (48.4%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those who were treated, 5644 (43.5%) had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg) and 7334 (56.5%) were uncontrolled. These latest local data showed that BP awareness is still low with BP control achieved in less than half of treated patients. Continued collaboration is needed to improve BP screening programmes in the country.
LDPC Sum-Product Decoding Based on Synchronized Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)是一类具有稀疏校验矩阵的线性分组码，和积算法是理论可行的LDPC软解码算法，但其实用受制于计算复杂度。最小和算法及其它已知改进算法采用近似来有效简化每次迭代的过程，以部分性能为代价，在一定程度上弥补了前述缺陷。本文提出了基于同步信息修正的和积算法，在保持原算法每次迭代复杂度以保证性能的前提下，利用同步信息对算法进行修正，有效减少了算法迭代次数，因此降低了计算复杂度，提高了实用性。 Low density parity check code (LDPC) is a subclass of linear block code with sparse check matrix. Sum-product algorithm is efficient for decoding LDPC theoretically, but not practically due to its complexity. Improved algorithms including minimum sum algorithm reduce computational com-plexity by approximation but performance is degraded. In this paper, we introduce corrected sum-product algorithm based on synchronized information, which improves the practicability by reducing the iterations without performance degradation.
Osteopathic Structural Findings in Women During Menstruation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context: Menstruation, although a normal physiologic process, can result in cramping and discomfort in women. The symptomatology may manifest as musculoskeletal changes that can be identified and addressed to provide relief for suffering patients. Objective: To evaluate for common somatic dysfunctions and Chapman’s reflex points by performing full-body osteopathic structural exams (OSE) on women during menstruation compared to when they are not menstruating. Methods: Participants were menstruating, female faculty, staff and students recruited from Kansas City University. Data was gathered in the form of OSE findings from 2 intervals of menstruation and compared to data gathered from 2 intervals of non-menstruation. Each participant was evaluated at 4 visits: visit 1 during menstruation, visit 2 during non-menstruation, visit 3 during their subsequent cycle of menstruation, and visit 4 during their subsequent cycle of non-menstruation. At each visit, the participant was evaluated separately by the fellow and the physician. Results: Of the 32 potential participants, 23 completed the study. In this population, 23 participants (100%) had a lumbar somatic dysfunction during one menstrual cycle, with only 14 (60.9%) having a lumbar dysfunction during non-menstruation ( P =0.004). Of the 5 posterior Chapman’s reflex points evaluated, 17 participants (73.9%) had at least 1 of the Chapman’s points with dysfunction during 1 menstruation cycle compared to only 10 participants (43.5%) during non-menstruation ( P =0.039). Three participants (13%) were found to have a left-sided innominate dysfunction during 1 menstrual cycle compared to only 1 participant (4%) having a left-sided innominate dysfunction during non-menstruation ( P <0.001). Conclusion: This study found 3 common areas of dysfunction in menstruating women that could be targeted by physicians for evaluation and treatment: the lumbar spine, the left innominate, and two posterior Chapman’s points. These findings aid in closing the gap from previously published data regarding the presence of somatic dysfunction in women during menstruation.
LYMPHOPENIA AND ABNORMAL LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN THE “BB” RAT: RELATIONSHIP TO THE DIABETIC SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The "BB" rat spontaneously develops insulitis followed by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or an insulin-dependent diabetic syndrome like that in man. All diabetic rats in this study showed marked lymphopenia in blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Peripheral blood lymphopenia antedated glucoregulatory disturbances. All rats showing either insulitis with or without IGT or diabetes were lymphopenic. None with normal lymphocyte counts developed any abnormality. Diabetics showed marked decrease in the proportions of T+ lymphocytes in all tissues. The proportion of B (Ia+) lymphocytes was normal in blood, spleen and thymus, but increased in lymph nodes. However, in absolute terms both T and Ia+ lymphocytes were decreased. The subset decreased by the greatest proportion in all tissues was that which includes helper T lymphocytes. Thus: a) generalized lymphopenia most marked for T lymphocytes has been shown, b) helper T lymphocytes show proportionally the greatest reduction, c)thymic helper T deficit suggests a thymic origin of the lymphopenia, d) lymphopenia is a possible marker for susceptibility to the syndrome.
Test for exogeneity of the exchange rate of RMB: HER-Johansen approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Based on conditional and marginal error correction model, this paper testifies the exogeneity of RMB exchange rate in China. Our study shows that the growth of GDP may benefit from the depreciation of real exchange rate of RMB. However, exchange rate regime of China is lack of elasticity due to weak, strong exogeneity of the real effective exchange rate of RMB, which makes it hard to facilitate economic growth. But real effective exchange rate of RMB is not super exogenous, which means the gradual reform of exchange rate regime of RMB has achieved some degree of success. Therefore, the market-oriented and internationalization reform will be favorable for the development of China's economy.
Market Orientation: Toward an Integrated Framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Market orientation, may actually encompass several different approaches to the strategic alignment of the organization with the external environment. This article develops a market orientation typology matrix as a pedagogical and heuristic tool to summarize these distinct approaches. Specifically, firms can decide to focus primarily on either competitors or customers as the situation dictates, or perhaps attempt the difficult task of simultaneously monitoring both with equal emphasis. The proposed matrix includes four distinct approaches to market orientation: customer preoccupied, marketing warriors, strategically integrated, and strategically inept.