jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A "cold" discharge mechanism for low-noise fast charge amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a new discharge mechanism for low-noise fast preamplifiers for /spl gamma/-ray spectroscopy. Such circuital solution has been conceived in the framework of the INFN Mars experiment, which imposes stringent requirements for both the signal-to-noise ratio and the rise time of the front-end preamplifiers. Basically, a noninverting low-gain (G) stage is interposed between the output of a conventional charge amplifier and the high-value feedback resistor. It can be easily found that this adds no noise but the discharge time constant is reduced by a factor G, because the voltage drop across the resistor is G times as high, and such is the discharge current. A similar effect could also be obtained in the standard charge amplifier by diminishing the feedback resistor by a factor G. But this would yield an increase of a factor G of its thermal current noise. In this sense our equivalent discharge resistor is "cold", because it carries a current noise G times as low. This permits us to use a relatively large feedback capacitance which inherently yields a fast risetime. A rise time of 15 ns and an overall electronic noise of 1.03 keV FWNM at 3 /spl mu/s shaping time have been obtained, with an input capacitance of 33 pF, and 1.5 pF feedback capacitor, 150 /spl mu/s discharge time constant.
Volgian and Ryazanian Stages in the Novoyakimovskaya-1 Well (Western Yenisei-Khatanga Regional Trough, Siberia). Article 1. General Characteristics of the Yanov Stan Formation and Its Molluscan Biostratigraphy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We represent data on lithology, biostratigraphy, and molluscan paleontological characteristics of the Lower Volgian–Upper Ryazanian interval of the Yanov Stan Formation obtained from the core of the Novoyakimovskaya-1 parametric borehole. The formation is represented by the intercalation of mudstones and siltstones with rare sandstone beds and numerous levels with carbonate nodules. For the first time, numerous glendonites are reported from the Yanov Stan Formation, including those from stratigraphic intervals from which they have not been previously known. A total thickness of the Janov Stan Formation is 290 m with almost no missing intervals of the core, and ammonites and bivalves are common throughout the section. This enabled us to work out a detailed biostratigraphic subdivision of the section based on ammonites and bivalves. The following succession of ammonite zones known in Western Siberia and, mainly, in Eastern Siberia (from bottom to top) was established: Paravirgatites lideri, Pavlovia iatriensis, Dorsoplanites ilovaiskii, D. maximus, Epivirgatites variabilis, Praechetates exoticus, Craspedites okensis, Praetollia maynci, Hectoroceras kochi, and Surites subanalogus. The bivalve succession, based on the members of the genus Buchia, includes the following zones: Buchia mosquensis, B. unschensis, B. okensis,? B. jasikovi, and B. volgensis. The molluscan assemblages of the studied interval, starting at least from the latest Middle Volgian, are similar to the assemblages of the eastern part of the Yenisei-Khatanga depression and the Laptev Sea coast but differ from the coeval complexes of Western Siberia. This suggests the existence of some environmental factors that prevented the free dispersal of mollusks from the western part of the Yenisei-Khatanga depression into the West Siberian basin.
Becoming the 'ideal man'.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the way young men and women talk about their ‘Ideal Man’ and how they come to embrace the hegemonic (dominant) form of masculinity as the norm. Qualitative interviews exploring the issue within the contexts of friendship, romantic relationship and the family, showed that mismatch of ideals between men and women do exist, specifically with regards to household chores and childcare decisions. These may in turn affect individuals’ decision to marry or take flight from marriage and / or their childbearing decisions. The interviews have also demonstrated a tendency towards a gender segregation of labour in many social contexts with women often expected to take up the caregiver’s role, especially in the family. As a result, many women in this study have voiced the pressure they face in having to give up their careers in order to take care of their children in future, even though they would prefer otherwise.
Chemical and Biological Studies of Nakiterpiosin and Nakiterpiosinone

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nakiterpiosin and nakiterpiosinone are two related C-nor-D-homosteroids isolated from the sponge Terpios hoshinota that show promise as anticancer agents. We have previously described the asymmetric synthesis and revision of the relative configuration of nakiterpiosin. We now provide detailed information on the stereochemical analysis that supports our structure revision and the synthesis of the originally proposed and revised nakiterpiosin. In addition, we herein describe a refined approach for the synthesis of nakiterpiosin, the first synthesis of nakiterpiosinone, and preliminary mechanistic studies of nakiterpiosin's action in mammalian cells. Cells treated with nakiterpiosin exhibit compromised formation of the primary cilium, an organelle that functions as an assembly point for components of the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway. We provide evidence that the biological effects exhibited by nakiterpiosin are mechanistically distinct from those of well-established antimitotic agents such as taxol. Nakiterpiosin may be useful as an anticancer agent in those tumors resistant to existing antimitotic agents and those dependent on Hedgehog pathway responses for growth.
Delayed status epilepticus due to bupropion and lamotrigine overdose

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Bupropion is a well known atypical antidepressant marketed in the United States under the trade name Wellbutrin. In its sustained release form, it is also used for smoking cessation. It lowers seizure threshold and its potential to cause seizures has been widely publicized. Lamotrigine is a broad spectrum anticonvulsant with an extremely favorable side-effect profile and has thus rapidly become the preferred drug for a broad range of seizure types such as absence seizures, primary generalized epilepsy syndromes such as idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy as well as partial (focal) epilepsy. It is also used by psychiatrists as a mood stabilizer. We report a patient who presented with delayed status epilepticus following a failed suicidal attempt after overdosing on bupropion XL and lamotrigine. Key words: Bupropion overdose, lamotrigine overdose, suicide, status epilepticus
Security Threats in IoT with Special Emphasis on Blockchain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Along with the enormous growth of ICT, its security and threats are a big concern to the research community. The major contributions of ICT growth are coming from the IoT industry. IoT security is a major challenge in the current world scenario. Statistically, about 26.66 billion IoT devices exist according to a survey by Statista 2019, this number is growing exponentially. There are immense applications of IoT in real-time and it is striving to make our lives more comfortable and easy. The IoT devices generates lots of data from the sensing environment, it generates over 2.5 quintillion bytes of data every second. These physical devices continuously exchange useful and sensitive information within themselves and with the servers thus need to ensure that these communications take place securely is a crucial aspect. Also, the immense amounts of data must be stored in a secure environment. Hence, this chapter is aimed to review few security threats in the IoT environment and to understand some solutions to such threats. Block chain is focused more as a solution in IoT because most of the data in this environment stored as blocks and communicates in similar fashion; hence its effectiveness in solving IoT related security threats are addressed.
Contemporary Reshaping of Eurasian Integration: Russia's Policies and their Implication for the EU and EurAsEC

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper covers contemporary global developments with involvement of Russia, particularly trade and economic integration, establishment of new international unions and alliances, and recent actions of Russia on the world stage and its efforts on shifting of global balance of power. The specific issues, addressed in the paper, are related to the concept of globalization in general, its idea and some theoretical and practical approaches; specific challenges of globalization for economies in transition and application of those general challenges in Russia. Particularly, the paper describes the latest Russia's actions as an initiator of geopolitical changes and discovers the major threats and opportunities for Russia and for Western countries.
Tuning the Ear: Listening in Narrative Therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this article the authors adopt “tuning the ear” as a metaphor for listening within narrative work. The distinction between listening as an intentional event, influenced by personal, theoretical, and political intentions is discussed. A central idea involves distinguishing between “listening to” and “listening for,” which suggests that therapists select events to be heard or not heard. The authors suggest that intentional listening can lead to therapeutic conversations that bring forward aspects of the lives of both clients and the therapists that would not have been predicted by the problem story. A map around intentional listening is presented, the Tuning the Ear Map, which includes four levels: tuning in, intentions, consequences, and action. The map is illustrated with excerpts from a conversation within a live supervision group.1
Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Nystatin Vaginal Effervescent Tablets and Nifuratel Tablet Combined With Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha-2b Suppository in the Treatment of CAV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of nystatin vaginal effervescent tablets and nifuratel tablet combined with recombinant human interferon alpha-2 b suppository in the treatment of candida albicans vaginitis(CAV). Methods:148 CAV patients admitted from December 2013 to March 2016 in People’s Hospital of Yiyang Country were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 74 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with clotrimazole suppositories(0.15 g) and nystatin tablets(0.5 million U, tid), while patients in the observation group were treated with nystatin vaginal effervescent tablets(0.1 million U, qod) and nifuratel tablet(0.2 g, tid) combined with recombinant human interferon alpha-2 b suppository(0.5 million IU, qod). The clinical therapeutic efficacy after treatment of the two groups was observed and compared. Results:Abnormal rates of the routine urine test, alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine of patients in the two groups after treatment decreased compared with those before treatment, and the abnormal rates of the routine urine test, alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine of patients in the observation group were lower than those in control group after treatment(P 0.05). Conclusion:Nystatin vaginal effervescent tablets and nifuratel tablet combined with recombinant human interferon alpha-2 b suppository showed superior efficacy in the treatment of CAV, which could effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients and improve the quality of life of patients with high safety.
Lignin Epoxide

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An epoxide resin was synthesized on the basis of lignin by reaction of epichlorohydrin (ECH) with hydroxypropyl lignin. A mixture of a quarternary ammonium salt (QAS) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as catalyst. Additional KOH was added stepwise at a rate which compensated for KOH consumption during dechlorohydrogenation. The epoxidation reaction was first studied using hydroxypropyl guaiacol (HPG) as a lignin-like model compound. At room temperature, and when ECH was in excess, the reaction was completed in five days. The reaction was found to be highly dependent on the stepwise addition of KOH, and it was independent of ECH concentration. The maximum conversion of hydroxy to epoxy functionality was found to be 100 and 50% for model compound and lignin derivative, respectively. The lignin epoxide resin was crosslinked with diethylenetriamine (DETA), amine terminated poly (butadiene-co-arylonitrile) (ATBN) and phthalic anhydride (PA). Sol fraction and swelling behavior, and dynamic mechanical characteristics of the cured lignin epoxides were studied in relation to cure conditions.
Critical ambient pressure and critical cooling rate in optomechanics of electromagnetically levitated nanoparticles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The concept of critical ambient pressure is introduced in this paper. The particle escapes from its trap when the ambient pressure becomes comparable with or smaller than a critical value, even if the particle motion is cooled by one of the feedback cooling (or cavity cooling) schemes realized so far. The critical ambient pressure may be so small that it is not a limiting factor in ground-state cooling, but critical feedback cooling rates, which are also introduced in this paper, are limiting factors. The particle escapes from its trap if any of the feedback cooling rates (corresponding to the components of the particle motion) becomes comparable with or larger than its critical value. The critical feedback cooling rate is different from the well-known manifestation of the measurement noise. The critical feedback cooling rate corresponding to a certain component of the particle motion is usually smaller than the optimum feedback cooling rate at which the standard quantum limit happens, unless that component is cooled by the Coulomb force (instead of the optical gradient force). In addition, given that the measurement noise for the z component of the particle motion is smaller than the measurement noises for the other two components (assuming that the beam illuminating the particle for photodetection propagates parallel to the z axis), the feedback scheme in which the z component of the particle motion is cooled by the Coulomb force has the best performance. This conclusion is in agreement with the experimental results published after writing the first version of this paper. The dependence of the critical ambient pressure, the critical feedback cooling rates, and the minimum achievable mean phonon numbers on the parameters of the system is derived in this paper, and can be verified experimentally. The insights into and the subtle points about the electromagnetic (EM) force (including the gradient force, radiation pressure, and recoil force), the EM force fluctuations, and the measurement noise presented in this paper are all of theoretical and practical importance, and might be useful in many systems besides those examined in this paper.
New synthetic studies on four-coordinate complexes derived from bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dithiete and some related reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic studies on four-coordinate complexes derived from bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dithiete and some related reactionsAlan Davison, David V. Howe, and E. T. ShawlCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 3, 458–463Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50049a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50049a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genome Sequences of Four Strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, Isolated from Swine and Humans, Differing in Virulence in a Murine Intranasal Infection Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper announces the genome sequences of four strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis , isolated from cases of lymphadenopathy in swine and humans, differing in virulence in a murine intranasal infection model.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Oncologic Outcomes of Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathological features, treatment, and survival outcomes and to identify independent prognosticators for recurrence and mortality in patients with endometrioid ovarian cancer. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma between January 2010 and December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and disease-related data were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis using log rank test and Cox regression was performed. Results: Seventy-six patients were included in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 54 years (range 31–86). A total of 85.5% of the patients were diagnosed with early-stage disease and 88.1% of the tumours represented low-grade carcinomas. Synchronous endometrioid endometrial cancer was confirmed in 19.7% of the cases. All patients underwent surgical management and 65.8% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up time was 67.5 months. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 92.1% and 93.4%, respectively. The risk of cancer-related death was higher in advanced stages (HR = 13.86; 95% CI 2.16–57.17; p < 0.001) and in the presence of residual disease (HR = 15.18; 95% CI 2.36–87.17; p < 0.002). Residual disease and advanced stages were also identified as independent risk factors for disease relapse with HR = 16.04 (95% CI 2.61–93.7; p < 0.002) and HR = 11.73 (95% CI 1.92–41.6; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma usually affects younger patients with the majority of the cases representing low-grade carcinomas diagnosed at early stages. Residual disease and advanced stages are independently associated with inferior survival outcomes. There was no significance of lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy in the overall and recurrence-free survival rates. Further research focusing on molecular profiling should aim to define the prevalence and the prognostic value of major molecular alterations and develop precise stratification models to plan personalised treatment for optimal care.
Indonesian EFL Learners’ Perception on the Internet Use in Language Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims at 1) scrutinizing Indonesian EFL learners’ perception on the use of internet in their learning process and 2) uncovering how long they spent their time with internet for academic and non-academic purposes. To obtain the required data, the adapted version of Shin & Son’s (2007) questionnaire was distributed to 100 Indonesian EFL college learners. The results indicate that most of the participants have positive perceptions and good responses toward the use of internet either in academic and non-academic purposes. They asserted that internet facilitated them with various types of information and stated that internet makes them easier to access varied and up to date information. However, they admitted that internet contributes to plagiarism practice among students and, due to the convenience offered by internet, it makes them addicted in internet use for information searching and in turn they pay less attention to the written resources. In relation to time they spent for internet use, most students reported that they used it very frequently for their academic purpose in which googling is their most favorable activity, but more surprisingly, they spent a greater time in going online for non-academic purposes, between 5 to 10 hours a day.
Introduction

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Christmas is a time of seasonal cheer, family get-togethers, holiday parties, and-gift giving. Lots and lots--and lots--of gift giving. It's hard to imagine any Christmas without this time-honored custom. But let's stop to consider the gifts we receive--the rooster sweater from Grandma or the singing fish from Uncle Mike. How many of us get gifts we like? How many of us give gifts not knowing what recipients want? Did your cousin really look excited about that jumping alarm clock? Lively and informed, Scroogenomics illustrates how our consumer spending generates vast amounts of economic waste--to the shocking tune of eighty-five billion dollars each winter. Economist Joel Waldfogel provides solid explanations to show us why it's time to stop the madness and think twice before buying gifts for the holidays. When we buy for ourselves, every dollar we spend produces at least a dollar in satisfaction, because we shop carefully and purchase items that are worth more than they cost. Gift giving is different. We make less-informed choices, max out on credit to buy gifts worth less than the money spent, and leave recipients less than satisfied, creating what Waldfogel calls "deadweight loss." Waldfogel indicates that this waste isn't confined to Americans--most major economies share in this orgy of wealth destruction. While recognizing the difficulties of altering current trends, Waldfogel offers viable gift-giving alternatives. By reprioritizing our gift-giving habits, Scroogenomics proves that we can still maintain the economy without gouging our wallets, and reclaim the true spirit of the holiday season.
Alteration of Membrane Compositional Asymmetry by LiCoO2 Nanosheets

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Given the projected massive presence of redox-active nanomaterials in the next generation of consumer electronics and electric vehicle batteries, they are likely to eventually come in contact with cell membranes, with biological consequences that are currently not known. Here, we present nonlinear optical studies showing that lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide nanosheets carrying a negative ζ-potential have no discernible consequences for lipid alignment and interleaflet composition in supported lipid bilayers formed from zwitterionic and negatively charged lipids. In contrast, lithiated and delithiated LiCoO2 nanosheets having positive and neutral ζ-potentials, respectively, alter the compositional asymmetry of the two membrane leaflets, and bilayer asymmetry remains disturbed even after rinsing. The insight that some cobalt oxide nanoformulations induce alterations to the compositional asymmetry in idealized model membranes may represent an important step toward assessing the biological consequences of their predicted widespread use.