jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4142588: Increased macrophage activity in non-culprit plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome and familial hypercholesterolemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at a very high risk of recurrent coronary events. However, the characteristics of non-culprit coronary plques in patients with FH remain unclear. Hypothesis: Patients with FH have a higher prevalence of vulnerable non-culprit coronary plaques compared to patients without FH. Methods: A total of 130 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of non-culprit plaques were included. The characteristics of non-culprit plaques were compared between patients with and without FH. Results: A total of 23 patients (8.9%) were clinically diagnosed with FH. The prevalence of macrophages (71.4 vs. 42.0%, p = 0.046) and layered plaques (78.6 vs. 37.8%, p = 0.008) was significantly higher in patients with FH than those without (Panel A) although the prevalence of non-culprit plaques (60.9 vs. 49.2%, p = 0.383) and the severity of stenosis was comparable between the groups (Panel B). The prevalence of plaques with a macrophage grade of 2 or higher (Semi-quantification of macrophages on OCT images: Panel C) was significantly higher in patients with FH than those without (42.9 vs. 16.0%, p = 0.021) (Panel D). Conclusions: Patients with FH had a higher prevalence of macrophages and layered plaque compared with those without FH in non-culprit plaques among patients with ACS. The present results further suggest the importance of FH diagnosis at the time of ACS event and the requirement of intense secondary prevention in patients concomitant with FH.
Influencial factors of the performance of interferon-c release assays in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in chil- dren remains difficult. This study aimed at evaluating the ability of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the detection of active TB in human immunodeficiency virus- negative children vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin and investigating the effect of prednisolone treatment on the IGRAs performance. Among the 162 children with suspected TB disease recruited in China, 60 were tested with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube (QFT-GIT) and 102 were tested with T-SPOT.TB. QFT-GIT presented a sen- sitivity of 83.9 % (95 % CI 66.9-93.4 %) and a specificity of 88.5 % (95 % CI 70.2-96.8 %), while T-SPOT.TB had a sensitivity of 75.9 % (95 % CI 63.4-85.2 %) and a specificity of 94.7 % (95 % CI 81.8-99.5 %). The positive predictive value was high in both assays, 92.9 % for QFT- GIT and 95.7 % for T-SPOT.TB. In total of these two kinds of IGRAs, false negative rate was significantly higher in children receiving systemic prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) therapy for(1 week (two tested with T-SPOT.TB and five tested with QFT-GIT) than in those with B1 week of prednisolone therapy and without prednisolone therapy (57.1 vs. 18.3 %, p = 0.035). There was no significant difference of the positive rate of both tests in children \5 years old compared with those C5 years old. Both types of IGRAs showed good diagnostic values in detecting childhood TB before microbiological evidence was avail- able. Glucocorticoids had a significant negative influence on IGRAs if treated for(1 week. Age made no difference on the performance of these tests in children.
On the Shortest Queue Version of the Erlang Loss Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider two parallel M / M / N / N queues. Thus there are N servers in each queue and no waiting line(s). The network is fed by a single Poisson arrival stream of rate λ, and the 2 N servers are identical exponential servers working at rate μ. A new arrival is routed to the queue with the smaller number of occupied servers. If both have the same occupancy then the arrival is routed randomly, with the probability of joining either queue being 1/2. This model may be viewed as the shortest queue version of the classic Erlang loss model. If all 2 N servers are occupied further arrivals are turned away and lost. We let ρ=λ/μ and a = N /ρ= N μ/λ . We study this model both numerically and asymptotically. For the latter we consider heavily loaded systems (ρ→∞) with a comparably large number of servers ( N →∞ with a = O (1)) . We obtain asymptotic approximations to the joint steady state distribution of finding m servers occupied in the first queue and n in the second. We also consider the marginal distribution of the number of occupied servers in the second queue, as well as some conditional distributions. We show that aspects of the solution are much different according as a > 1/2, a ≈ 1/2, 1/4 < a < 1/2, a ≈ 1/4 or 0 < a < 1/4 . The asymptotic approximations are shown to be quite accurate numerically.
Electronic structure of Mn ions in (Ga,Mn)As diluted magnetic semiconductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electronic structure of Mn in the diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As was studied by means of electronic and spin-flip Raman scattering. The Mn ion was found to manifest itself in three different electronic configurations: (i) neutral Mn acceptor, i.e., Mn ${3d}^{5}$ inner-shell electrons with a weakly bound valence band hole, (ii) ionized Mn acceptor, i.e., ${3d}^{5}$ state, and (iii) neutral Mn in the ${3d}^{4}$ electronic configuration. The latter state undergoes a crystal-field splitting and a Jahn-Teller effect. The energy separation between the optical dipole active sublevels of the ${}^{5}{T}_{2}$ ground state is directly measured in the dynamic Jahn-Teller-effect regime. The Mn ${3d}^{4}$ state is assumed to play an important role for the ferromagnetism observed in diluted (Ga,Mn)As.
Preventing Damages Caused by Late Spring Frosts in the Cherry by Chemical Treatment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Damages caused by late-spring frosts in cherry growing are frequently, in Transylvania, Romania. The results referring to lower damages in cherry growing caused by late spring frost, in 2011, at SC Agroindustiala SA Cluj-Napoca are presented. The biological material was represented by 2000 trees of each cherry cultivars: ‘Stella’, ‘Van’, ‘Germersdorf’, ‘Boambe de Cotnari’. In order to reduce damage caused by late spring frost, there were applied the following treatments: I. Damisol BB 5Kg/ha; II. a mixture consisting of boric acid 70 g/l + glutamic acid 130 g/l, 6 l/ha; III. a mixture consisting of boric acid 60g/l and aspartic acid 120 g/l, and Campfo Ca, in the amount of 6 l/ha. The application of all chemical treatments substantially reduced the level of damage due to late-spring frosts. Compared to untreated control where average production obtained was 0.4 t/ha, in the variant treated with Damisol BB the yield was 3.5 t/ha, in case of Mixture II 1.6 t/ha and 8 t/ha using Mixture III, the differences being statistically assured. Among cultivars there were no differences statistically assured. Tab. 1 Effect of chemical treatments and cultivars upon average cherries yield (t/ha), following the late spring frosts, in 2011, at Cluj-Napoca
E-waste: collect more, treat better; Tracking take-back system performance for eco-efficient electronics recycling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation establishes a methodology for evaluating the performance of take-back and treatment systems for end-oflife electronics (e-waste). First, a comprehensive classification is developed to fully understand the complex characteristics of e-waste. A multivariate model is then created to quantify e-waste generation for mapping e-waste flows and tracking the collection efficiency. A multidisciplinary approach is taken to assess the technical performance of e-waste treatment infrastructures, as well as environmental, economic and social impacts associated with them. The results from the model development and case studies demonstrate that the constructed methodology is effective to identify working priorities and intervention measures for improving system performance. The research conducted represents up-to-date knowledge of both scientific research and implementation experience in the field of global e-waste management. The outcomes can be used to facilitate the progress of upgrading take-back and treatment systems to improve eco-efficiency, for more collection and better treatment in both developed and developing countries.
GROUP THEORETIC FORMULATION OF THE SEGAL-WILSON APPROACH TO INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A general group theoretic formulation of integrable systems is presented. The approach generalizes the discussion of the KdV equations of Segal and Wilson based on ideas of Sato. The starting point is the construction of commuting flows on the group via left multiplication with elements from an abelian subgroup. The initial data are then coded by elements, called abstract scattering data, in a certain coset space. The resulting equations of motion are then derived from a suitably formulated Maurer-Cartan equation (zero curvature condition) given an abstract Birkhoff factorization. The resulting equations of motion are of the Zakharov-Shabat type. In the case of flows periodic in x-space, the integrals of motion have a natural group theoretic interpretation. A first example is provided by the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, first studied by Fordy and Kulish with integrals of motion which may be local or nonlocal. A suitable reduction gives the mKdV equations of Drinfeld and Sokolov. On the level of abstract scattering data the generalized Miura transformation from solutions of the mKdV equations to the KdV type equations is then just the canonical map from a coset space to a double coset space. This group theoretic approach is related to the algebraic geometric discussion of integrable systems via an affine map from the abelian group describing flows restricted to a suitable set of abstract scattering data, called algebraic geometric, onto a connected component of the Picard variety.
Theoretical approaches to elder abuse: a systematic review of the empirical evidence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The study of theoretical models explaining elder abuse has been one of the main gaps in the literature of the field. The extent of support of each theory is not clear. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to examine research supporting or opposing six theories of elder abuse: caregiver stress theory, social exchange theory, social learning theory, bidirectional theory, dyadic discord theory and the psychopathology of the caregiver. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts a systematic review of the literature. Seven databases were searched six times using different keywords about each theory. Findings This paper finds 26,229 references and then organised and analysed these references using pre-established criteria. In total, 89 papers were selected, which contained 117 results of interest; these papers were summarised and assessed for conceptual, methodological and evidence quality. The results showed evidence in favour of all the explored theories, except for social learning theory, whose results indicate multiple interpretations of the theory. This study finishes this paper by proposing that each of these theories might explain different facets of elder abuse and that more research is necessary to understand how the predictions of these different theories interact. Originality/value This paper presents an extensive review of the literature on theoretical explanations of elder abuse. The findings can be of value for selecting theories for prevention programmes or providing a summary of the evidence for researchers and practitioners interested in the theoretical explanation of elder abuse.
Extraocular muscle enlargement: rare presentation of plasmablastic lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a very rare and highly aggressive variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is usually seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected individuals. Very few cases of PBL are reported in the orbit till date. Morphologically and immunologically, it can mimic plasma cell myeloma. It is highly fatal and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the treating clinician. This scenario makes reporting of such rare tumors more relevant. We report a rare case of PBL of the orbit in a 49-year-old HIV-positive lady who presented with acute onset of painful proptosis and loss of vision in her left eye.
A solution‐focussed cognitive group intervention for event anxiety in vulnerable children: A randomized controlled trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Vulnerable children have experienced severe life events that may have damaged their self‐esteem and destroyed their inherent potential for survival and development. As a result, they may be more likely to experience psychological problems such as withdrawal, depression, and anxiety. This study aims to combine cognitive behavioural therapy and solution‐focussed brief therapy to develop an effective operational intervention to reduce anxiety related to severe life events in vulnerable children. This intervention contained six stages and a 1 month follow‐up test with 39 vulnerable children (mean age = 8.74, standard deviation = 1.76) randomly assigned to the intervention group (19 participants) and control group (20 participants). The event anxiety and self‐esteem in vulnerable children were assessed by using the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale‐Short, and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the baseline levels of self‐esteem, event impact, and anxiety. After three intervention phases, the intervention group had a significant increase in self‐esteem and a significant decrease in event anxiety. The changes were stable over time (except for self‐esteem). The results suggest that solution‐focussed cognitive group intervention is an effective method for reducing anxiety related to negative life events in vulnerable children. Furthermore, we have put forth recommendations for future studies that can be utilized to address the limitations identified in this study.
Using the discourse mathematical approach to improve claims evaluating skills for junior high school students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Critical evaluation skills are characteristics needed to live in the digital era 4.0. An era marked by the rapid development of technology, information, and communication that requires individuals to make the right decisions in solving problems. Evaluation is a thinking skill in making decisions based on facts/information. One aspect of evaluating ability is making claims. This study aims to improve students' skills in evaluating claims through a mathematical discourse learning approach. This research was conducted at a Junior High School in South Tangerang in the 2019/2020 Academic Year. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a randomized control group posttest-only design involving 23 experimental group students and 27 control group students selected by cluster random sampling technique. Data collection skills evaluate claims using tests. The results of the study revealed that the skills of evaluating the claims of students who were taught with a mathematical discourse approach were higher than students who were taught with a conventional approach. Claim evaluation skills include maintaining a distance between claims and evidence, making claims, and actively challenging claims. The conclusion of this study is that the intervention of the mathematical discourse learning approach is more effective in improving the skills of evaluating claims compared to the conventional approach (η2 = 0.249).
International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility Review Criteria for Endorsement of Standards and Best Practices v. 1.0

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF) is a standards organization for open and FAIR neuroscience that develops, evaluates, and endorses standards and best practices that embrace the principles of Open, FAIR, and Citable neuroscience. The purpose of this document is to describe the criteria used in INCF's formal procedure for evaluating and endorsing community standards and best practices.
Kajian Kriminologi Terhadap Praktek Prostitusi Berkedok Bisnis Panti Pijat Di Kota Merauke

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study, entitled "Study of Criminology Against the Practice of Prostitution Business guise Massage parlor in the town of Merauke" As for the issues to be examined is how the view of criminology against prostitution under the guise of business parlors, factors What factors encourage prostitution under the guise of business of massage parlors in the town of Merauke, what efforts are being made to overcome the practice of prostitution under the guise of business massage parlors in the city merauke. While the purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze issues. To achieve the study researchers used a qualitative research method using juridical and empirical approach. The results showed that in terms of criminology prostitution is regarded as a crime against morality / decency and against the law. But prostitution is a crime but did not constitute a crime in the sight of the Criminal Code, the factors that encourage the practice of prostitution under the guise of business, the form factor that comes from within the individual and also factors outside the individual, efforts were made to prevent work under the guise of massage parlors prostitution business is by way of preventive and repressive.
Effect of metoclopramide on ejaculatory threshold in a group of premature ejaculators

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The exact etiology of premature ejaculation is not known. Recent data using rats has demonstrated that dopamine agonists can lower ejaculatory thresholds while pretreatment with substituted benzamides will block that effect. Metoclopramide, the only drug in the group available in the United States, and a placebo were given to 12 premature ejaculators in a double‐blind crossover fashion. Couples had intercourse on Wednesdays and Saturdays for four weeks. Ejaculatory latencies were recorded separately by husbands and wives on a 1–5 scale. There was no statistical difference in perception of ejaculatory latency between metoclopramide‐ and placebo‐treated coiti although the P values for the wives' perception was.067. An added observation was that approximately 80% of premature ejaculators had palmar hyperhidrosis. It is conjectured that early ejaculation and palmar hidrosis are manifestations of sympathetically mediated “overreactivity”.
Rare diseases knowledge management: the contribution of proximity measurements in OntoOrpha and OMIM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce an application of Proxima and define a new measure of proximity between two concepts present in an ontology. The approach is based on the three dimensions of a conceptualization: intension with relations between concepts, expression with terms denoting concepts, and extension with instances of concepts. This preliminary work, in the field of rare diseases, involved the Orphanet Ontology of Rare Diseases (OntoOrpha) and corpus of texts extracted from Online Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The proximity measurements are consistent with an appropriate representation of groups of diseases in the ontology, which are derived from the Orphanet classifications of rare diseases. Other semantic relations are explored and new perspectives in medical knowledge curation are proposed.
Movement of Persons under Schengen

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case-study concerns the policy area of regulating movement of persons across the external frontiers of the Union, which comprised the Schengen acquis contained within negotiating chapter 24 on justice and home affairs. This policy area was presented relatively late in the accession process, but it was high on the political agenda in both the EU and CEE. It did not appear in the first phases of accession policy, and received little attention in the Commission's 1997 Opinions, but it became an increasingly important area from 1998 onwards in the Accession Partnerships and in EU aid policy, including twinning.KeywordsOrganise CrimeBorder ControlCandidate CountryHome AffairVisa RequirementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Suppl. Figure S1 from Amplification of Wild-type <i>KRAS</i> Imparts Resistance to Crizotinib in <i>MET</i> Exon 14 Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>The crizotinib-resistant NSCLC from Case #1 retains the MET exon 14 skipping mutation in association with persistent MET protein expression but lacks genomic MET amplification.</p>
THE EFFECTS OF HOST GENOTYPE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ON TREMATODE PARASITISM IN A BIVALVE POPULATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A basic assumption underlying models of host-parasite coevolution is the existence of additive genetic variation among hosts for resistance to parasites. However, estimates of additive genetic variation are lacking for natural populations of invertebrates. Testing this assumption is especially important in view of current models that suggest parasites may be responsible for the evolution of sex, such as the Red Queen hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that the twofold reproductive disadvantage of sex relative to parthenogenesis can be overcome by the more rapid production of rare genotypes resistant to parasites. Here I present evidence of significant levels of additive genetic variance in parasite resistance for an invertebrate host-parasite system in nature. Using families of the bivalve mollusc, Transennella tantilla, cultured in the laboratory, then exposed to parasites in the field, I quantified heritable variation in parasite resistance under natural conditions. The spatial distribution of outplanted hosts was also varied to determine environmental contributions to levels of parasite infection and to estimate potential interactions of host genotype with environment. The results show moderate but significant levels of heritability for resistance to parasites (h2 = 0.36). The spatial distribution of hosts also significantly influenced parasite prevalence such that increased host aggregation resulted in decreased levels of parasite infection. Family mean correlations across environments were positive, indicating no genotype-environment interaction. Therefore, these results provide support for important assumptions underlying coevolutionary models of host-parasite systems.