jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plant productivity determinants beyond minerals, water and light: Piriformospora indica - a revolutionary plant growth promoting fungus.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biotic factors, along with the more obvious abiotic factors, determine and greatly influence the producti vity and health of the plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF, the root-interacting predominant microbiota play an indispensable role in upgrading plant growth vigour and survival. However, the nonavailability of the axenic culture is a great bottleneck for the fundamental studies and their biotechnological applications. Piriformospora indica is a newly described axenically cultivable phytopromotional endosymbiont, which mimics the capabilities of AMF. The fungus having a broad host spectrum shows pronounced growth-promotional effects. It mobilizes the insoluble phosphates and translocates the phosphorus to the host in an energy-dependent process. As a biological hardening agent of micropropagat ed plants, it renders more than ninety per cent survival rate for laboratory to field transferred plantlets. The succes sful isolation of regenerative protoplasts of P. indica opens up important possibility of improving symbiosis by transgenic manipulation of fungal component in a symbiosis-specific manner. The immobilization of the fungus stabilizes the infective capacity of the fungus and promises its use as a viable inoculum for biotec hnological applications and long-distance transportation. The axenic cultivability of P. indica on economically viable synthetic media makes it suitable for mass scale inoculum production for application in agro -forestry and horticulture. In sum up, solar energy, water and soil nutrients are undoubtedly essential for plant productivity but the interaction with useful and friendly microbes also exert a tremendous impact. IT is a general belief that plants, because they are aut otrophs, can carry out all the functions of life with the availability of the so -called abiotic factors such as solar energy, moisture and mineral nutrients. However, what is not generally realized is that the plants, as all living o rganisms, also interact with the biotic factors, and their underground root system is under the direct influence of a diverse group of micro-organisms 1 . The mycorrhizal fungi and PGPRs (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) being mutualistic symbionts, control, in many ways, the plant health 2 . More than 90% of the terrestrial plants (angi osperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes and some algae) are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi. Arbusc ular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which belong to the order Glomales (Zygomycota), are an integral part of the living plant system in a great majority of terrestrial plants. They penetrate into the root cortex of the host and differentiate into special intracel lular structures called arbuscules. These fungi play a pivotal role in plant health, especially in stressed soils which are not normally fertilized and are dependent on rain -fed irrigation 3
Dimensionality and heat transport in Si-Ge superlattices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigated how dimensionality affects heat transport in Si-Ge superlattices (SLs) by computing the thermal conductivity of planar superlattices and arrays of Ge nanowires (NWs) and nanodots embedded in Si. We studied superlattices with ∼10 nm periods using a fully atomistic Monte Carlo solution of the Boltzmann transport equation in the relaxation time approximation. We found that for periods larger than 4 nm, the room temperature cross-plane conductivity of planar superlattices with equally thick Si and Ge layers is larger than that of their nanowire and dot counterparts of similar sizes (up to 100%), while the trend is reversed below 4 nm.
Correction: Evaluating Genome-Wide Association Study-Identified Breast Cancer Risk Variants in African-American Women

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), conducted mostly in European or Asian descendants, have identified approximately 67 genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer.Given the large differences in genetic architecture between the African-ancestry genome and genomes of Asians and Europeans, it is important to investigate these loci in Africanancestry populations.We evaluated index SNPs in all 67 breast cancer susceptibility loci identified to date in our study including up to 3,300 African-American women (1,231 cases and 2,069 controls), recruited in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) and the Nashville Breast Health Study (NBHS).Seven SNPs were statistically significant (P#0.05) with the risk of overall breast cancer in the same direction as previously reported: rs10069690 (5p15/TERT), rs999737 (14q24/ RAD51L1), rs13387042 (2q35/TNP1), rs1219648 (10q26/FGFR2), rs8170 (19p13/BABAM1), rs17817449 (16q12/FTO), and rs13329835 (16q23/DYL2).A marginally significant association (P,0.10) was found for three additional SNPs: rs1045485 (2q33/CASP8), rs4849887 (2q14/INHBB), and rs4808801 (19p13/ELL).Three additional SNPs, including rs1011970 (9p21/ CDKN2A/2B), rs941764 (14q32/CCDC88C), and rs17529111 (6q14/FAM46A), showed a significant association in analyses conducted by breast cancer subtype.The risk of breast cancer was elevated with an increasing number of risk variants, as measured by quintile of the genetic risk score, from 1.00 (reference), to 1.75 (1.30-2.37),1.56 (1.15-2.11),2.02 (1.50-2.74)and 2.63 (1.96-3.52),respectively, (P = 7.8610 -10 ).Results from this study highlight the need for large genetic studies in AAs to identify risk variants impacting this population.
A Comparative Physical Parameters of Sri Kurmanadha Temple Pond and Sri Maninageswara Temple Pond, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Data collected on certain physical parameters of Sri Kurmanadha, Srikurmam and Sri Maninageswar, Kallepalli, Temple Ponds, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh from May 2014 to April 2016. The seasonal variations in water quality were recorded on monthly basis for a period of two years and correlation studies were also conducted among different physical parameters of both temple ponds. Water samples were analyzed for Physical Parameters like air temperature (28.250 C, 27.40 C), water temperature (240C, 24.350 C), transparency (32.1cm., 20.35cm.), EC (621μs/cm., 513.5μs/cm.), TSS (27mg/l., 35.5mg/l.) TDS (367mg/l., 298mg/l), pH (7.35, 7.5), DO (6.75mg/l, 6.5mg/l), COD (10.63mg/l, 10.36mg/l), BOD (3.31mg/l., 2.86mg/l.) total alkalinity (132.5mg/l., 128.5mg/l.), total hardness (80mg/l., 87.5mg/l.). Inter relationship between physical parameters (Pearson’s Correlation matrix) was also recorded. In this observation temperature showed strong positive correlation with COD (r=0.91, r=0.88), BOD (r=0.96, r=0.89), and negative correlation with DO (r=-0.84, r=-0.97). EC showed significant positive correlation with TDS (r=0.85, 0.89), and negative correlation with DO (r= -0.82, r=-0..84), TDS showed positive correlation with pH (r=0.77, r=0.72), and total hardness (r=0.81, 0.78), pH showed positive correlation with COD (r=0.77, r=0.84), total alkalinity (r=0.94, r=0.86), total hardness (r=0.81, r=0.84), and negative correlation with DO (r= -0.87, r=-0.77), Dissolved Oxygen showed negative correlation with COD (r= -0.88, r=-0.93), BOD (r= -0.95, r=-0.93). Chemical Oxygen Demand showed positive correlation with BOD (r= 0.92, r=0.91) and total alkalinity (r= 0.75, r=0.79). Biological Oxygen Demand showed positive correlation with total alkalinity (r= 0.74, r=0.63). Total Alkalinity showed positive correlation with total hardness (r= 0.90, r=0.87). These observations could useful in the water quality monitoring and regulation in order to enhance the quality of water with better sustainable management of Sri Kurmanadha, Srikurmam and Srimaninageswar, Kallepalli, Temple Ponds.
Meliolaceous fungi on economically important plants in India - III: On wild edible plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

© Zoo Outreach Organisation; www.zoosprint.org Manuscript 1494; Received 02 January 2006; Finally accepted 28 June 2006; Date of publication 21 September 2006 Since pre-historic period, man started using plants for food, clothing, shelter, transport, etc. As the necessity of plants for his needs increased, cultivation of those plants came into an existence. Hence, now a large number of plants have been brought under cultivation. In additions to these, the wild edible plants are particularly useful during famine and under similar scarcity conditions.
Stabilization of External Loads in High-Speed Flight Using an Active Cargo Hook

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of an active cargo hook for stabilizing external loads during high-speed flight is demonstrated in simulation. A CONEX cargo container with two rear-mounted stabilization fins is used as the subject load. Significant nonlinearities in the dynamics of the external load result in multiple equilibria and limit cycle oscillations. A full-state feedback linear quadratic controller is developed assuming an isolated load in a wind tunnel model and shown to be successful in stabilizing the originally unstable load at a target airspeed of 100 kt. The design is then completed to cover the target carriage envelope from hover to high-speed flight. Simulations of a coupled system incorporating a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter with an actuated cargo hook and the external load show that the controller is successful in providing system stability throughout the target flight speed envelope.
Application of a QMRA model for surface water treatment to investigate a waterborne outbreak of calicivirus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The QMRA modelling tool developed by the Swedish Water & Wastewater Association was applied to investigate a probably waterborne outbreak of calicivirus that occurred in the municipality of Lilla Edet, Sweden, after a period with heavy rain. Of the inhabitants that receive water from the municipal water works, 32% reported gastroenteritis in the period investigated. For the QMRA study, the pathogen load in the raw water source was estimated by describing specific discharge events of wastewater upstream the intake of the municipal water works, including dilution and transport time in the river. Estimates of the concentration of norovirus in wastewater, the efficiency of treatment processes in the waterworks, exposure volumes and dose-response relationships were based on literature data that are included in the modelling tool. In a scenario analysis, the probability of infection related to the three discharge events was quantified. The QMRA model estimated probabilities of infection comparable to the proportion of people reported estimated to have fallen ill in the epidemiological study. Sources of uncertainty and potential for improvement were identified for the in-data and for the modelling tool.
Microcomputer BASIC programs for rapid determination of lethal dosages of biocides using logit transformations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The probit analysis model is generally used for the deterinination of lethal dosages in bioassay applications. However, the logit models, which use the logistic curve instead of the integrated nonnal curve, could also be effectively used for the determination of lethal dosages and regression coefficients. In this paper, two lypes of logit models, namely minimum logit chi square and maximum likelihood, have been described in detail for the estimation of the parameters. The results of these two models are also compared with those of the probit model.
Colloidal Synthesis of Germanium Nanorods

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A colloidal synthesis of crystalline germanium (Ge) nanorods is reported. Diphenylgermane (DPG) is decomposed in a high boiling solvent in the presence of bismuth (Bi) nanocrystals and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The Bi nanocrystals induce solution−liquid−solid (SLS) growth of the Ge nanorods, and TOPO serves as a capping ligand to prevent aggregation. The resulting nanorods are crystalline, predominantly growing in the ⟨111⟩ crystallographic direction, with an average diameter of 10 nm. The average length could be varied from 60 to 170 nm by decreasing the ratio of Bi to Ge in the reaction. The addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) /hexadecene (PVP/HDE) copolymer led to branched nanorods.
The Creation of the World by Virgil Solis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Virgil Solis (1514 – 1562), a prosperous artist and printmaker from Nuremberg, dedicated his final major work to an illustration of Ovid’s Metamorphoses . Although the designs of most of the woodcuts for this first extensive German series were borrowed from the Metamorphoses series of the French artist Bernard Salomon (c. 1508 – 1561), a closer study reveals several notable differences in the details of individual scenes, among them The Creation of the World . Placing Solis’ work within the tradition of the printed illustrated editions of Ovid’s magnum opus, which had by then crystallized mainly in Italy and France, the article argues that Solis’ illustration drew not only on the earlier Metamorphoses , but also on printed German Bibles, following the parallels taken up at the time between the Creation story in the Metamorphoses and the Creation story in Genesis .
A Hybrid Three-Dimensional Nanofabrication Method for Producing Vascular Tissue Engineering Scaffold

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is a trend towards the production of lithographically defined materials for biological applications. The field of nanobio technology is rapidly growing and so is demand for materials nanostructured in three dimensions. Here we present a hybrid approach where we use electron beam lithography, photolithography and hot embossing to produce membranes patterned on both sides. The double sided patterned membranes were subsequently rolled to create the three dimensional tissue construct aimed at vascular repair. The mechanical properties such as bending and bursting pressure were also investigated.
Recognition of Expertise and Perceived Influence in Intercultural Collaboration: A Study of Mixed American and Chinese Groups

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Recognition of Expertise and Perceived Influence in Intercultural Collaboration: A Study of Mixed American and Chinese Groups Get access Y. Connie Yuan, Y. Connie Yuan 1Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Natalya N. Bazarova, Natalya N. Bazarova 1Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Janet Fulk, Janet Fulk 2Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism & Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zhi-Xue Zhang Zhi-Xue Zhang 3Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 63, Issue 3, June 2013, Pages 476–497, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12026 Published: 29 April 2013
Pre‐ and post‐pollination interaction between six co‐floweringPedicularisspecies via heterospecific pollen transfer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary It remains unclear how related co‐flowering species with shared pollinators minimize reproductive interference, given that the degree of interspecific pollen flow and its consequences are little known in natural communities. Differences in pollen size in six Pedicularis species with different style lengths permit us to measure heterospecific pollen transfer ( HPT ) between species pairs in sympatry. The role of pollen–pistil interactions in mitigating the effects of HPT was examined. Field observations over 2 yr showed that bumblebee pollinators visiting one species rarely moved to another. Heterospecific pollen ( HP ) comprised < 10% of total stigmatic pollen loads for each species over 2 yr, and was not related to conspecific pollen deposition. Species with longer styles generally received more HP per stigma. The pollen tube study showed that pollen from short‐styled species could not grow the full length of the style of long‐styled species. Pollen from long‐styled species could grow through the short style of P. densispica , but P . densispica rarely received HP in nature. Flower constancy is a key pre‐pollination barrier to HPT between co‐flowering Pedicularis species. Post‐pollination pollen–pistil interactions may further mitigate the effects of HPT because HP transferred to long styles could generally be effectively filtered.
THE VIRULENCE OF THE ENTOMOPHTHORALEAN FUNGUS PANDORA DELPHACZS TO THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS1)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The entomophthoralean fungus, Pandwa delphacis (Hori) Humber, is a pathogen frequently causing epizootics of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, in rice growing areas of China. Two isolates (F95127 and F95129) of the fungus obtained from mycosis‐killed planthoppers collected in Zhejiang Province were bioassayed for their virulence to N. lugens . For inoculation, botches of 4– or 5‐in‐star‐old nymphs from a laboratory population were exposed to time‐varying spore shower from sporulating plates of fungal mass produced in Sabouraud liquid medium, resulting in 8 and 6 dosages for F95129 and F95127, respectively. The nymphs treated at each dosage were maintained on rice plants at 25°C and a photophase of 12L: 12D in growth chamber (nearly 100% RH) and were examined daily for mortality. The resulting data were well fitted to time‐dose‐mortality model, generating parameters of time and dose effects for estimation of virulence indices. The LD 50 values 6–8 d after exposure were 327, 122 and 46 conidia/mm 2 for F95129 and 409, 133 and 74 conidia/mm 2 for F95127, respectively. The LT 50 estimated for F95127 was 7. 6 d at 95 conidia/mm 2 whereas that for F95129 decreased from 6. 6 d at 172 conidia/mm 2 to 5. 6 d at 525 conidia/mm 2 . Based on these virulence indices and comparison of the slopes for dose effects from the model, the two isolates of P. delphacis had moderate virulence to N. lugens with insignificant difference to each other.
Ancient Indian mathematics needs an honorific place in modern mathematics celebration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Indian tradition in mathematics is long and glorious. It dates to the earliest times, and indeed many of the Indian discoveries from a period starting 5000 years ago correspond rather naturally to modern mathematical results. Celebration of Indian mathematics needs to consider the personalities among ancient mathematicians who laid a solid foundation for modern thinking. Our main purpose here is, by presenting very briefly some of the main contributions of ancient Indian mathematicians and astronomers, to argue and convince the reader that before the great Ramanujan, there have been thousands of years of rich mathematical discoveries in India and those personalities' work also needs to be honored on Indian Mathematics Day.
Plain and Reinforced Concrete Targets Subjected to Projectile Impact

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The ballistic performance of plain concrete and reinforced concrete targets of unconfined compressive strength 40 MPa was studied against projectile impact. The squarer plates of (450 mm x 450 mm) and thickness 60 mm with and without (8 [email protected] mmc/c) reinforcement were subjected to normal impact of hardened steel ogive nosed projectiles with diameter 19 mm and mass 0.5 kg. The incident velocities of the projectiles were varied between 28 to 102 m/s. The amount and area of damage, volume of spalling and scabbing as well as the ballistic limit of plain and reinforced concrete have been obtained and their results have been compared and discussed. The influence of reinforcement is clearly visible in minimizing the scabbing and spalling of material. The magnitude of scabbing decreased with increase in the projectile incidence velocity while the spalling of material remained unaffected. The ballistic limit of reinforced concrete target was 20% higher than plain concrete target for 60 mm thickness.
Using a naive Bayesian classifier methodology for loan risk assessment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Loan default risk or credit risk evaluation is important to financial institutions which provide loans to businesses and individuals. Loans carry the risk of being defaulted. To understand the risk levels of credit users (corporations and individuals), credit providers (bankers) normally collect vast amounts of information on borrowers. Statistical predictive analytic techniques can be used to analyse or to determine the risk levels involved in loans. This paper aims to address the question of default prediction of short-term loans for a Tunisian commercial bank. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used a database of 924 files of credits granted to industrial Tunisian companies by a commercial bank in the years 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006. The naive Bayesian classifier algorithm was used, and the results show that the good classification rate is of the order of 63.85 per cent. The default probability is explained by the variables measuring working capital, leverage, solvency, profitability and cash flow indicators. Findings The results of the validation test show that the good classification rate is of the order of 58.66 per cent; nevertheless, the error types I and II remain relatively high at 42.42 and 40.47 per cent, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve is plotted to evaluate the performance of the model. The result shows that the area under the curve criterion is of the order of 69 per cent. Originality/value The paper highlights the fact that the Tunisian central bank obliged all commercial banks to conduct a survey study to collect qualitative data for better credit notation of the borrowers.
Light-induced and related reactions of quinones. Part VII. Cleavage and isomerisation of some (1-hydroxyalkyl)-1,4-benzoquinones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis is described of 1,4-benzoquinones carrying, severally, the following side-chains: CH(OH)·CH2Ph,CD(OH)·CH2Ph, CMe(OH)·CH2Ph, CH(OH)·CHPh2, CH(OH)·CH2·CH:CH2, and CMe(OH)·CH2·CH:CH2. When irradiated with visible light all the secondary alcohols yield 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and all the tertiary alcohols give 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, probably via fragmentation of the derived alkoxyl radicals. The tertiary alcohols also yield isomers in which reorganisation of the side-chain has occurred. Mechanisms are suggested.