jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sources of infestation of the rice sheath mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae), in West Bengal, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Rice Sheath Mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is a pest of Kharif Rice (wet rice) of West Bengal, causing losses every year. It initially infests leaf sheaths, moving later onto the grains. It is not known how the mite survives in the off season, which is important for devising management strategies. The present investigation was conducted to find out the sources of infestation of S. spinki. It was concentrated on four types of substrates: rice associated weeds, soil, rice grains of different ages (before and after harvesting) and rice stubbles. Mites detected in any of those possible sources were slide mounted in modified Berlese medium and examined under phase and differential interference contrast microscope for identification. Tarsonemid mites were found on some grassy weeds, but not Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley. No tarsonemid mite was found in soil samples from infested fields. Steneotarsonemus spinki was found on rice grains of different ages and in stubbles. Hence, both rice grains and rice stubbles could be important sources of infestation of S. spinki to new plants at each season.
Optimization of Pharmacotherapy through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Ambulatory Patients Attending Mental Health Clinic in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pharmacotherapy is the most frequently prescribed form of treatment for depression, but usually ineﬀective due to frequent relapses. The study aimed at speeding up recovery time of depression through the combination of Pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Method: This study is a cohort study. Simple sampling was used to assign participants into the experimental and control groups respectively. A 16 sessions of CBT was carried out during the 4- month period of clinical research while Cognitive Structuring and Journaling were used. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for collating data at baseline, at two and four-month post baseline. The results were analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software while p-value was considered signiﬁcant at < 0.05. Results: The results of the experimental group at baseline showed that 34 (54.8%) of the study participants were found in the minimum depression category (0 - 13) symptom scores. At 2 months, 50 (80.6%) participants were found in the minimum depression category (0 - 13) symptom scores and at 4 months, 62 (100%) participants were found in the minimum depression category (0 - 13) symptom scores. Sixteen study participants in the experimental group were recovered from the moderate depression category to the minimum depression category at two months of intervention and additional twelve study participants were recovered at four months of intervention. The BDI mean symptom scores of study participants in the experimental groups showed that study participants at baseline (15.79 ± 8.68) and 2-month follow-up (8.90 ± 6.63) had reduced BDI symptom scores at 4-month follow-up (4.53 ± 3.35) with a signiﬁcant variation (p < 0.001) from that of the control group (21.00 ± 9.59). This study observed signiﬁcant improvement in the BDI symptom scores when psychotherapy was combined with pharmacotherapy in the management of depression. Conclusion: The study indicated that at 4-month follow-up, study participants receiving CBT and pharmacotherapy had BDI symptom scores (4.53 ± 3.35) that varied signiﬁcantly (p < 0.001) with the study participants on only pharmacotherapy BDI symptom scores (21.00 ± 9.59).
The Duchenne brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness caused by DMD gene mutations leading to absence of the full-length
dystrophin protein in muscle. Multiple dystrophin isoforms are expressed in brain, but little is known about their function. DMD is associated with specific learning and behavioral disabilities which are more prominent in patients with mutations in the distal part of the DMD gene, predicted to affect expression of shorter protein isoforms. The aim of this thesis was to provide a detailed description of the structural, perfusion and metabolic differences in the brain between patients with DMD and healthy age-matched
controls and to assess the role of dystrophin isoforms.
Glycosylation in kidney diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Protein glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification that influences protein folding, localization, stability, and functional interactions by attaching glycans to specific sites. This process is crucial for biological functions of glycoproteins, and aberrant glycosylation can lead to genetic disorders, immune system issues, and multi-organ pathologies. Recent advancements in glycoproteomic technologies have made the study of protein glycosylation a key focus for understanding the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of protein glycosylation mechanisms, its biological roles, molecular pathways, and significant functions in renal physiology and pathology. It specifically highlights the dynamic changes and regulatory networks associated with aberrant glycosylation in kidney diseases such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, renal cell carcinoma, and acute kidney injury. It also evaluates the clinical applications of related technologies and biomarkers. Additionally, it discusses the challenges in developing glycosylation-targeted therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on clarifying cell-specific glycosylation regulatory networks in the kidney, integrating glycobiology with multi-omics approaches, and improving precision diagnostics and treatment for kidney diseases.
Acoustic Counting of Adult Insects with Differing Rates and Intensities of Sound Production in Stored Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Automated acoustic detection systems count the insects in a grain sample by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of sounds. The acoustic location fixing insect detector is an automated system developed originally to quantify hidden larval infestations in 1-kg samples of wheat. The detector analyzes input from an array of sensors embedded in the sample container walls. It identifies (scores) a specific pattern of input as an insect if the spatial and temporal distribution matches the criteria based on a calibration with 4 th-instar rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L). However, expanded testing has revealed considerable differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of sounds made by insects of different species and sizes. These differences were examined in a series of tests with insects that range an order of magnitude above and below the 1.5-mg weight of the S. oryzae larvae. A particular focus was the detection order of the first 2 sensors registering each sound. Multiple sounds from an insect ten to cluster together into a small number of contiguous Ist:2nd sensor detection pairs, but the pattern for background noises is random. It was determined that the cluster size, the number of contiguous Ist:2nd detection pairs, was proportional to insect weight. The rate of sound detection was inversely proportional to weight. Thus, to reliably count insects with widely varying sound production patterns, the sound pattern identification algorithm needs to self correct, depending on the input received from the grain sample. Adults or larvae generating large numbers of loud sounds, typically weighing> 1 mg, can be scored in a few seconds, but those generating small numbers of weak sounds, typically <1 mg, should be monitored for periods > 10 min. The possibility of using differences in cluster size to distinguish among species is also discussed.
In vitro gametogenesis: The end of egg donation?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper explores whether egg donation could still be ethically justified if in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) became reliable and safe. In order to do this, issues and concerns that might inform a patient’s reasoning in choosing to use donor eggs instead of IVG are explored and assessed. It is concluded that egg donation would only be ethically justified in a narrow range of special cases given the (hypothetical) availability of IVG treatment and, further, that egg donation could itself be replaced by donation through IVG techniques. Two possible criticisms of this position are then considered: Ones based on respect for patient wishes, and on loss of donor benefit. It is concluded that whilst neither argument constitutes a strong enough reason to continue with programmes of egg donation, egg‐sharing programmes could still be permitted come the advent of IVG; these could then provide a morally acceptable source of “natural” donor eggs.
Optimizing digital controller of continuous object automatic control system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article gives the analysis of optimizing the digital controller of the automatic control system (ACS) of a continuous object. The procedure for replacing a continuous controller with a discrete controller has been analyzed. The original continuous optimized ACS has been illustrated. It has been stated that the continuous ACS and its elements (all or particular) can be modeled by discrete models described by the difference equations, and not the differential ones, as is done in the case of continuous models. The specification of the sampling period of the PI controller model equal to 0.001 s has been given, the coefficients of the Z-transfer function of the digital PI controller, which is equivalent to a continuous controller, are considered. Of practical importance in the control theory is the representation of a discrete model of a controller, which helps obtain a digital transformation algorithm carried out by a controller over a control error, organize a discrete-digital control of a continuous object using a digital processor. The model with a continuous and discrete controller is illustrated. A formula for calculating the values of the lattice function of the output signal of a discrete controller is obtained. It has been found that sampling and quantization of the error signal, as well as restoring the control signal, should be carried out with the proper accuracy, which should provide the required control accuracy. There are considered the models of discrete-digital control with the correct selection of the parameters of discrete PI controllers, a model with a finite time of the transient process and a structure of its contour, given a fifth-order discrete function with a five-step transition to the steady state. It has been inferred that reducing the sampling period and quantization step significantly increases the processor speed requirements.
Weighted solutions of random time horizon BSDEs with stochastic monotonicity and general growth generators and related PDEs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on a multidimensional backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) with a general random terminal time $τ$ taking values in $[0,+\infty]$. The generator $g$ satisfies a stochastic monotonicity condition in the first unknown variable $y$ and a stochastic Lipschitz continuity condition in the second unknown variable $z$, and it can have a more general growth with respect to $y$ than the classical one stated in (H5) of \cite{Briand2003}. Without imposing any restriction of finite moment on the stochastic coefficients, we establish a general existence and uniqueness result for the weighted solution of such BSDE in a proper weighted $L^2$-space with a suitable weighted factor. This result is proved via some innovative ideas and delicate analytical techniques, and it unifies and strengthens some existing works on BSDEs with stochastic monotonicity generators, BSDEs with stochastic Lipschitz generators, and BSDEs with deterministic Lipschitz/monotonicity generators. Then, a continuous dependence property and a stability theorem for the weighted $L^2$-solutions are given. We also derive the nonlinear Feynman-Kac formulas for both parabolic and elliptic PDEs in our context.
Groups whose irreducible representations have finite degree

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Throughout this paper F denotes a (commutative) field. Let X F denote the class of all groups G such that every irreducible FC -module has finite dimension over F . In (1) P. Hall showed that if F is not locally finite and if G is polycyclic, then G ∈X F if and only if G is abelian-by-finite. Also in (1), if F is locally finite he proved that every finitely generated nilpotent group is in X F and he conjectured that X F should contain every polycyclic group. This turned out to be very difficult, but a positive solution was eventually found by Roseblade, see (8). Meanwhile Levič in (4) had started a systematic investigation of the classes X F . Although his paper contains a number of errors, obscurities and omissions, it remains an interesting work, and it, or more accurately its recent translation, stimulated this present paper.
Qualitative mapping and design strategies for taking care of marginal areas.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study targets the municipality of Quero Vas (Belluno, Italy), an area characterized by historical heritage and demographic decline. Employing a qualitative mapping from Raffaella Fagnoni methodology (Traces, Stories, Actions, Events, Imaginary) the researchers identified that the environmental heritage is one of the main strategic local contexts on which the designers can operate. This heritage is locally considered by two perspectives: the governance, committed to regeneration, frames the landscape as a resource for economic growth through tourism; the communities of hikers and climbers, frame the landscape as a resource for sharing experiences. The two perspectives currently don't engage citizens, who are excluded from a relationship with both. In this context of territorial design and marginal area enhancement, the study proposes a project centered on providing cultural enrichment for citizens. It aims to bridge the gap between economic and recreational values while promoting the collective care and preservation of the territory.
Analysis of the dispersion characteristics and attenuation of a semiconductor cylindrical waveguide with plasma regions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a versatile and efficient formulation involving the Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (FDFD) method is used in the analysis of the propagation characteristics of a dielectric cylindrical waveguide of constant circular cross section along the propagation direction. Here the losses are considered. In this formulation, the FDFD method is applied in the numerical solution of the scalar wave equation, written in terms of the transverse components of the magnetic field. As a result, a conventional eigenvalue problem is obtained without the presence of spurious modes (present in previous formulations), due to the implicit inclusion of the divergence of the magnetic field equal to zero. The formulation is applied in order to obtain the dispersion characteristics and attenuation of a cylindrical waveguide, constituted of semiconductor material, with isotropic plasma regions. Plasma is generated by light incidence on semiconductor surface and then the propagation characteristics of the structure become dependent on the plasma layer dimensions. When /spl phi/ = 0/spl deg/ a resonator is obtained.
AB085. SOH22ABS232. Does previous fragility fracture impact upon mortality in a hip fracture cohort?—A retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hip fractures remain a common but burdensome injury among older patients. Many factors influence a patient’s risk of hip fracture and their subsequent risk of death. Fragility fractures are described as fractures resulting from low-energy trauma and are considered diagnostic of reduced bone mineral density or osteoporosis. This study investigates whether a previous fragility fracture impacts upon mortality in patients who have had a hip fracture. Methods: This retrospective study examined consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary orthopaedic centre with a hip fracture over a five year period. Demographics examined included gender, age, type of fracture, type of surgery, bone protection medication, American Society of Anaesthetics (ASA) grade, and post-fracture outcomes including death at 30 days and death at 1 year. Results: There were 964 patients included, 290 of whom had sustained a previous fragility fracture. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were male and 675 female. Thirty-three patients had died in the 30 days following their surgery, and 180 patients had died within 1 year. We found statistically significant results for gender, and age but not for previous fragility fracture influencing mortality. Conclusions: We found that previous fragility fracture does not impact upon mortality in a hip fracture cohort. However, gender and age did impact upon mortality in this study.
Intracellular behaviour of samarium and europium in lactating mammary gland

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

钐和铕的 subcellular 本地化，二稀土元素，逐渐地在医药、工业的领域里使用，尽管有，在乳腺在象肝和肾那样，但是从未的几个机关被学习了它在哺乳和营养领域的生物学的重要性。在他们在喂奶的乳腺房间的 intra 腹管理以后的钐和铕的细胞内部的行为被调查。结果显示出存在很电子在腺的上皮的房间 lysosomes 的稠密的存款。这些特别 lysosomes 从来没在控制老鼠的乳房的房间 lysosomes 被观察。这些 intralysosomal 存款可能由不可溶解的钐组成或由有以前的研究，传播电子显微镜学，离子质量显微镜学和电子的类比的铕磷酸盐探查允许 intralysosomal 存款的化学结构的鉴定的微量分析，和另外的技术。
Effects of vegetation expansion on morphodynamics of tidal channel networks

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Evolution of coastal landforms, including the formation and development of tidal channel networks in salt marshes, is shaped by the interaction of surface water hydrodynamics, sediment transport and vegetation dynamics. However, the impact of vegetation expansion on tidal channel geomorphology remains unclear. In this study, an ecogeomorphic model coupling abiotic and biotic processes was developed to investigate the effects of vegetation expansion (i.e., seeding and cloning) on tidal channel morphodynamics. The numerical model results demonstrate that vegetation expansion promotes the formation and development of tidal channels. With vegetation cover, the number, total length, area and volume of tidal channels markedly increase. Vegetation also reshapes the cross‐sections of tidal channels, increasing channel depths and decreasing their width‐to‐depth ratios. The synergistic effect of seeding and cloning is more significant than either process alone, leading to enhanced flow convergence and bed shear stress. Consequently, the channel erosion is enhanced, laying the foundational framework for the formation and growth of tidal channel networks. A high expansion rate enhances the effect of vegetation on tidal channel morphodynamics, leading to more developed tidal channel networks. This study focuses on tidal channel networks in salt marsh ecosystems and advances understanding of the geomorphological evolution of tidal channel networks subject to vegetation expansion, and it offers further implications for the management of coastal wetland ecosystems.
Spillovers of Regional Fiscal Policies in a Monetary Union ∗

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the design of monetary policy in a fiscal federation, such as the European Union. The focus of the analysis is the interaction between the fiscal policy of member countries (regions) and the monetary authority. Each of the countries structures its fiscal policy (spending and taxes) with the interests of its citizens in mind. Thus each country perceives a gain to shifting its tax burden onto other federation members. When capital markets are integrated, the fiscal policy of one country can influence equilibrium prices. Monetary policies can be used to offset these effects. But, depending on the type of rule it adopts, such interventions by the monetary authority can facilitate a redistribution of the tax burden. Thus our analysis highlights the interplay between fiscal policy and monetary rules. 1
Three-dimensional microscopy by laser scanning and multi-wavelength digital holography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation presents techniques of three-dimensional microscopy. First, an economical method of microscopic image formation that employs a raster-scanning laser beam focused on a sample, while non-imaging detector receives the scattered light is presented. The images produced by this method are analogous to the scanning electron microscopy with visible effects of shadowing and reflection. Compared to a conventional wide-field imaging system, the system allows for a greater flexibility, as the variety of optical detectors, such as PMT and position-sensitive quadrant photodiode can be used to acquire images. The system demonstrates a simple, low-cost method of achieving the resolution on the order of a micron. A further gain in terms of resolution and the depth of focus by using Bessel rather than Gaussian beams is discussed.\nThen, a phase-imaging technique to quantitatively study the three-dimensional structure of reflective and transmissive microscopic samples is presented. The method, based on the simultaneous dual-wavelength digital holography, allows for higher axial range at which the unambiguous phase imaging can be performed. The technique is capable of nanometer axial resolution. The noise level, which increases as a result of using two wavelengths, is then reduced to the level of a single wavelength. The method compares favorably to software unwrapping, as the technique does not produce non-existent phase steps. Curvature mismatch between the reference and object beams is numerically compensated. The 3D images of porous coal samples and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells are presented.
Privacy considerations for library and information professionals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is based upon a session on privacy that was held during the inaugural NISO+ conference that was held February 23–25, 2020 in Baltimore, MD. It briefly describes the six types of privacy put forth by Daniel Solove in his book, Understanding Privacy, and the professional standards held by librarians to ensure that their patrons can access and consume information with little or no observation. It also offers some helpful suggestions for librarians to consider as they work to secure privacy and confidentiality.
Black South African Adolescents' Attitudes Towards AIDS Precautions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A study based on a sample of 1020 individuals aged 17 years and over in five cities was undertaken for the purpose of investigating the relationship between sexual risk taking and attitudes to AIDS precautions. In line with Moore and Rosenthal (199 la) four dimensions of attitude were isolated-fatalism, antiprecautions, risk denial, abrogation of responsibilities. Three of these showed significant correlations with variety of sexual risk: multiple partnering, sex with casual partner, risk with regular partner. Results indicated that although late-adolescent students did underestimate their risks to some extent, they were also able to make some judgements about the gender-stereotypic responses to sexual situations which include unsafe sexual practices. Implications for interventions are discussed.