jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Travelers’ Daily Activity Duration Analysis Based on Kaplan-Meier Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

To discuss the resident's time allocation process, activity arrangement, and activity-travel duration, the Kaplan-Meier method, which describes simultaneously the duration of the present activity and the choice of the next activity, is presented. The application of the model is estimated based on the survey travel data of ATUS in the United States. This paper extracted the influencing factors of travelers' activity scheduling. The joint selection process of activity participation type and activity duration on the continuous-time axis is explained through sensitivity analysis. The well-being of the activity results shows that 87.87% (SCHAPPY ≥ 3) and 82% (MEANING ≥ 3) of the activities are considered happy and meaningful on the whole. The Kaplan-Meier method used in this paper is a useful tool for describing such differences. These fundamental works help for enriching and expanding the travel behavior analysis theory and method.
Correlation of severity of peripheral arterial disease of lower limbs with ankle brachial pressure index

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) is non-invasive tool for screening as well as assessing the severity of peripheral artery disease in patients who present with lower-extremity symptoms. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this prospective observational study who attended cardiothoracic and vascular surgery unit, Bir Hospital with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The ratio of higher ankle pressure to higher brachial pressure was calculated and correlated with symptoms and clinical features of PAD. Results: Of total 100 patients, the 84(84%) patients had ABPI less than 0.9. 52.6% patients with mild intermittent claudication had ABPI 0.4-0.9. Among 66 patients with severe PAD, 17(25.7%) had ABPI less than 0.4 and 42(63.3%) had ABPI 0.4-0.9. Conclusion: ABPI is cheap noninvasive tool to assess the PAD with sensitivity for 84% patients (ABPI
The Religiously Fundamentalist Family: Training for Assessment and Treatment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Social workers engaged in family treatment frequently encounter families in which religious fundamentalism serves as a major steady-state and boundary maintenance mechanism. Without recognition of the systemic effects of religious fundamentalism, family therapists will lose the family from treatment or will be rejected by the family as a source of help. This article identifies the major impact on the family, sets forth assessment guidelines, and presents training strategies for teaching family practitioners to work with the religiously fundamentalist family.
The effects of hyaluronic acid, vitamin A and E on tendon healing and adhesion formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of Hyaluronic acid, Vitamin A and E on tendon healing and adhesion formation were studied in an experimental model. For this purpose achilles tendons of rats were injured by blunt trauma. In the treatment groups vitamin E was injected by I.M. way, Vitamin A was added to diet and hyaluronan was injected into the tendon sheat. Control group had no treatment. On the 30th day, objects were killed, achilles tendons were removed as a whole and used as achilles tendon functional unit. Adhesion formation were evaluated macroscopically. Biomechanical strength of the tendon was assessed by linear tensiometer and tendon healing was evaluated histologically. Hyaluronan was effective on preventing adhesion formation while vitamin A and E had no effect. There was no difference between the biomechanical strength of tendons in treatment groups and control group. Vitamin E had a significant role on subsiding the inflammatory response during healing and normal tendon structure was obtained more rapidly comparing to the other groups.
Appropriate Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS): Māori Caregiver's Perspectives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) that meet the needs of Maori (indigenous people of Aotearoa/ New Zealand) is critical. This study, Te Tomokanga, investigated the acceptability of mainstream 1 , bicultural, 2 and kaupapa Māori 3 CAMHS access and delivery to young Māori and their whānau. 4 Detailed factors contributing to potential areas for improvement are identified in this examination. This includes, most specifically, a cultural framework based on the traditional Māori Pōwhiri process of access and engagement provided by a culturally relevant workforce. Method A kaupapa Māori (Māori driven) research paradigm, based on the traditional Pōwhiri process of engagement and participation guided this qualitative research approach, particularly the components of karanga, mihimihi, whaikōrero and koha. These components are discussed in more detail in this article. 1. Mainstream services in this study had no dedicated Māori positions available. 2. Bicultural services in this study had a/some dedicated Māori positions available. 3. Kaupapa Māori services in this study had dedicated Māori positions available. 4. Whānau, parents and caregivers are used interchangeably in this thesis.
Suitable Antibacterial Substances for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequently found in the outpatient as well as in the nosocomial setting. The bacterial UTIs can be stratified into uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. In uncomplicated UTIs Escherichia coli is the leading organism, whereas in complicated UTIs the bacterial spectrum is much broader including Gramnegative and Gram-positive organisms. Therapy of uncomplicated UTIs is almost exclusively antibacterial, whereas in complicated UTIs the complicating factors have to be treated as well. Antibiotic resistance nowadays plays an important role in the treatment of uropathogens causing uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. Especially in nosocomially acquired complicated UTIs antibiotic resistance rates are increasing to levels where empiric treatment with orally available antibiotics becomes difficult. In recent years also uropathogens causing uncomplicated UTIs became more resistant to the antibiotic substances most frequently used for this indication. There are two predominant aims in the antimicrobial treatment of both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs: i.) rapid and effective response to therapy, prevention of complications and prevention of recurrence in the individual patient treated, and ii.) prevention of emergence of resistance to anti-infective agents in the microbial environment. Bacterial resistance mechanisms to antibiotics are nowadays better understood which helps to design derivatives and new substances that will hopefully be less susceptible for the emergence of resistance. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are increasingly used to improve dosing strategies of the current antiinfective agents, to predict efficacy in patients and to minimize emergence of resistance. For the treatment of UTIs, however, these instruments are not yet developed satisfactorily enough. New treatment strategies are also needed to maintain effective treatment of UTIs. The aim of this review is to highlight the current and to describe future treatment options for UTIs. The chemistry of current substance groups and its importance for the antiinfective spectrum and activity is explained. Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic models for UTIs are described and new treatment options to cope with antimicrobial resistance are discussed. Keywords: Urinary tract infections, uropathogens, antibiotic resistance, chemistry of antibacterial substances, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics
Change of sound ray by various equations of the sound velocity in the 621-km propagation experiment

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Generally, sound velocity used to be calculated according to equations by Wilson (1960), DelGrosso (1974), Chen and Millero (1977), and others, which were obtained by direct measurement in laboratories based on water depth, temperature, and salinity data collected by the XBT (expendable Bathey-tharmograph) or CTD (conductivity temperature depth) system. However, in observations such as ocean acoustic tomography (OAT) where it is necessary to make accurate measurement of the sound wave propagation time over the distance of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, even the slightest difference of the sound velocity can produce significant errors in the observatory accuracy. Thus the effect of various equations of the sound velocity on the formation of the specific sound ray in the SOFAR channel was examined by using the simulation method by the sound ray theory. The simulation results were compared with the specific sound ray data obtained in the 621-km propagation experiment in the northeast Pacific Ocean, and as a result, the equation by Chen and Millero is found to be the most consistent among the three equations.
Coil−Globule Transition of Poly(Dimethylacrylamide):  Fluorescence and Light Scattering Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We studied the coil−globule transition of a poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) chain (Mn = 2.5 × 105; Mw/Mn = 2.2) in methanol at several temperatures by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and by dynamic light scattering. The polymer was randomly labeled with 0.5 mol % (PDMA05Py) and 1.1 mol % (PDMA11Py) of a pyrene derivative. Temperature breakpoints in both the excimer to monomer and dimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratios were identified with the coil−globule transition temperature Tcg. We obtained Tcg= 46 ± 7 °C for PDMA05Py (8 × 10-8 M in methanol) and Tcg= 52 ± 6 °C for PDMA11Py (3 × 10-8 M in methanol). Time-resolved fluorescence measurements of these solutions were analyzed using an approach based on Tashiya's model for excimer formation in micelles. Using this model we were able to calculate the polymer radii for different temperatures and identify the coil−globule transition occurring around Tcg= 53 ± 3 °C for PDMA05Py and about Tcg= 55 ± 5 °C for PDMA11Py. Finally, the hydrodynamic radii of the polymers in methanol were measured by dynamic light scattering. In these measurements we had to use more concentrated solutions (ca. 3 × 10-5 M in methanol) in order to detect the transition of the coiled chains. Although we also detect extensive formation of multichain aggregates at this concentration, an abrupt variation of the isolated chain radius was observed at about 50 °C for PDMA05Py and 55 °C for PDMA11Py. Both the transition temperatures and the polymer radii are in good agreement with the results obtained from the fluorescence data and, to our knowledge, provide the first evidence that the coil−globule transition detected by fluorescence techniques coincides with the transition observed in light scattering measurements.
Experimental Evaluation of Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Girders with Near-surface Mounted Titanium Alloy Straight Bars

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The installation of near-surface mounting (NSM) titanium alloy bars (TiAB) has become an emerging method for strengthening strength-deficient reinforced concrete (RC) bridge girders to extend their service life. As a result, several studies have been conducted using NSM TiAB. Most of these studies focused on flexural strengthening using hooked-bonded TiAB because the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guide for NSM TiAB design allows only hooked-bonded TiAB for strengthening. Therefore, an experimental program was undertaken to investigate the behavior of full-scale RC bridge girders strengthened with straight-bonded NSM TiAB for both positive- and negative-moment flexural-strengthening purposes. Four beam specimens were tested for positive moment strengthening including one unstrengthened specimen for comparisons, while evaluating two TiAB types with different surface deformation. Additionally, three beam specimens were tested with a single type of TiAB for evaluating negative-moment strengthening, including one unstrengthened specimen. The bonded TiAB lengths used for specimens were determined according to the guidance available in i) the AASHTO guide for the design of NSM TiAB or ii) ACI 440.2, to achieve the nominal flexural capacity of the strengthened beams with TiAB yielding. The experimental results revealed that use of straight-bonded NSM TiAB for flexural strengthening is effective when ACI 440.2 provision is considered to prevent the concrete cover delamination failure mode. Additionally, the two TiAB types that were evaluated exhibited similar flexural behavior and either type can be used for the flexural strengthening of bridge girders.
Q1VA, a Synthetic Chalcone, Induces Apoptosis and Decreases Invasion on Primary Culture of Human Glioblastoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly occurring type of primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) and is considered the worst type of glioma. Despite the current standard treatment for newly diagnosed GBM, which involves surgery followed by chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy, the average survival time for patients with GBM is only about 15 months. This is due to GBM’s tendency to recur, its high proliferative rates, its ability to evade apoptosis, and its ability to invade healthy tissue. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new treatment options for GBM. This study investigated the potential anticancer activities of a new series of synthetic chalcones, which are natural compounds found in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. Primary cell culture of glioblastoma (GBM1) from surgical resection was used to evaluate the effects of synthetic chalcones on viability, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), cell cycle, and invasion. One chalcone, Q1VA (at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 μM for 24 h) induced cytotoxicity by increasing apoptosis levels and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane, as evidenced by a TMRE assay. Further analysis using the molecular fluorescent probe H2DCFDA indicated that the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be linked to altered mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death. Furthermore, viable cells were observed to be delayed in the cell cycle, primarily in the M phase, and the invasion process was reduced. The findings of this study indicate that Q1VA is a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent for GBM due to its significant antitumor effects. If its safety and efficacy can be confirmed in animal models, Q1VA may be considered for clinical trials in humans. However, additional research is required to determine the optimal dosage, treatment schedule, and potential side effects of Q1VA.
1. Cheese in the context of diet and nutrition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Milk and dairy products including cheese are important components of our food supply, contributing a number of nutrients to the diet. Cheese contains a high concentration of essentialnutrients, including protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Cheese can consist of 3 to 40% protein, mostly casein protein, which is highly digestible. Milk proteins are a key source of bioactivepeptides (BP). In particular, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides found in cheesehave antihypertensive effects. Depending on the milk and method of manufacture used, cheesecan contain 4-48% fat. In addition to affecting a number of physical properties, the fat content alsoaffects nutritional properties. Generally, the fat present is 66% saturated and hence much negativeattention has centred on this fact, resulting in the production of low-fat options. Conjugatedlinoleic acid (CLA) is a beneficial component of milk products including cheese, reported to haveantioxidant, anticholesterolaemic and antiatherogenic effects. Most cheeses are good sources ofvitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and folate. Cheese is also a valuable dietary source of minerals, particularly calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Calcium has been extensively linked withosteoporosis, being important for the development of peak bone mass. Varying levels of sodiumare found in cheeses. Salt is used as a preservative during the cheesemaking process, but levelscontributed to the diet by cheese are not significant. Therefore, cheese is a highly valuable productin terms of diet and nutrition, being a major source of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, whichare essential in a balanced diet. Other constituents such as CLA and BP have the potential toconfer further health benefits to the consumer.
NOD2 enhances the innate response of alveolar macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A role for the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) receptor in pulmonary innate immune responses has recently been explored. In the present study, we investigated the role that NOD 2 plays in human alveolar macrophage innate responses and determined its involvement in the response to infection with virulent M ycobacterium tuberculosis . Our results showed that NOD 2 was expressed in human alveolar macrophages, and significant amounts of IL ‐1β, IL ‐6, and TNF ‐α were produced upon ligand recognition with muramyldipeptide ( MDP ). NOD 2 ligation induced the transcription and protein expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL 37 and the autophagy enzyme IRGM in alveolar macrophages, demonstrating a novel function for this receptor in these cells. MDP treatment of alveolar macrophages improved the intracellular growth control of virulent M . tuberculosis ; this was associated with a significant release of TNF ‐α and IL ‐6 and overexpression of bactericidal LL37. In addition, the autophagy proteins IRGM , LC 3 and ATG 16 L 1 were recruited to the bacteria‐containing autophagosome after treatment with MDP . In conclusion, our results suggest that NOD 2 can modulate the innate immune response of alveolar macrophages and play a role in the initial control of respiratory M . tuberculosis infections.
Determination of Solubility of cAMPNa in Water + (Ethanol,\nMethanol, and Acetone) within 293.15–313.15 K

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The\nsolubility of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate\nsodium (cAMPNa) in mixed solvents (water+ethanol, water+methanol,\nand water+acetone) was measured within 293.15−313.15 K under\natmospheric pressure. The (CNIBS)/Redlich−Kister model and\nthe modified Apelblat equation were respectively applied to correlate\nthe solubility data to evaluate the effect of the compositional ratio\nof the organic solvent and the temperature on the solubility in binary\nsolvents, and satisfactory simulation results were obtained. The solubility\nof cAMPNa was maximal in pure water and markedly diminished at all\nevaluated temperatures as the mole fraction of the organic solvent\nin the aqueous mixture increased. The thermodynamic functions for\ncAMPNa dissolution in the three solvent mixtures were obtained from\nthe solubility data using the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations,\nand the dissolution behavior was discussed. Dissolution of cAMPNa\nwas endothermic and nonspontaneous in all cases, and the enthalpy\nwas the major contributing force to the Gibbs energy.
Inovação em Modelos de Gestão de Relacionamento: Estruturas Organizacionais Orientadasà Experiência do Cliente

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article discusses how organizational design and operating models can be reconfigured to integrate sales, service, and operations around the customer experience, replacing functional silos with journey-oriented structures and value missions. Drawing on process organization, contingency theory, and business agility, we propose a framework that combines multidisciplinary squads/cells, dual governance (execution + innovation), and experience metrics as mechanisms for economic and behavioral alignment. We argue that relationship management is, above all, an organizational project: role choices, rituals, and interfaces define perceived service quality as much as commercial techniques. Therefore, the brand's "frontstage" must be coupled with the operational "backstage" through clear internal services, service-level agreements, and end-to-end learning cycles (GALBRAITH, 2014; MINTZBERG, 1979; KOTTER, 2012; PINE; GILMORE, 2011; EDMONDSON, 2012).
VVC partitioning decision driven by machine learning for a comprehensive hardware encoder

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The new video coding standard VVC introduces Multi-Type Tree (MTT) partitioning, adding a horizontal and vertical splitting method. MTT significantly improves coding efficiency compared to QuadTree (QT) based partitioning used in HEVC, but with an exponential increase in the encoder's computation complexity. Hence, MTT is bringing in a significant bottleneck for encoder design. The challenge is higher for realtime hardware encoders in silicon, bandwidth, power efficiency, and speed. This paper uses a CU-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based machine learning to drive the MTT partitioning decision. An application scenario of classifiers with minimal coding loss fitting a hardware encoder is presented. CNN's are trained to predict possible partitioning at each depth of partitioning. The CNN networks are designed for real-time hardware scenario such that it has very light computational overhead to a hardware-based real-time encoder. The ML-driven partitioning system's performance with various complexity presets are reported—the preset with the least BD-BR loss of 0.45% had a 33% reduction in computation complexity. The proposed low complexity preset reaches up to an 86% complexity reduction.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The transfer of electrical energy from the power station to the consumer over long distances is possible by changing the voltage level. An integral part in the operation of electrical networks is an electromagnetic device that changes the voltage level - a power transformer. The most important is voltage transformation, first in order to increase the voltage coming from the generator buses of a power plant to reduce power losses during long-distance transmission, and then lower it to the level required by the consumer's power receiving devices. The article presents the variety of transformer substations. The authors propose a classification of transformer substations according to a number of characteristics. The article reflects the methods of connecting substations to supply lines, their functional features by type, features of placement and purpose. The layout components common to all transformer substations are presented - high-voltage switchgear, the transformer itself and low-voltage switchgear. The study also used data from the experience of operating electric grid organizations in the northern regions of the Russian Federation, common in the market of electrical devices of block-type complete transformer substations. In accordance with which the most vulnerable spots of modern transformer substations are indicated.
The China Quarterly - Musical Creativity in Twentieth-Century China: Abing, His Music, and Its Changing Meanings. By Jonathan P. J. Stock. [Rochester, NY: Rochester University Press, 1996. xiv + 209pp., compact disc. £50.00. ISBN 1-978822-76-4.]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The China Quarterly - Musical Creativity in Twentieth-Century China: Abing, His Music, and Its Changing Meanings. By Jonathan P. J. Stock. [Rochester, NY: Rochester University Press, 1996. xiv + 209pp., compact disc. £50.00. ISBN 1-978822-76-4.] - Volume 151