jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of community - based monitoring under NRHM in Nainital district of Uttarakhand

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The government of India started the Community-Based Monitoring (CBM) under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) which allow the community and its representatives to directly give feedback about the functioning of public health services. Uttarakhand was the 10th state where CBM system under NRHM implemented in 2010 in all 13 districts as pilot project. Objective: To assess the composition and training of Community Monitoring Groups (CMGs) at sub-centre and block level, the capability of the CMG to prepare the report card at sub-centre and facility score card at PHC and to study the improvement in quantitative aspects of health services in study areas. Methodology: This community based prospective study was carried out in two selected Haldwani and Bhimtal blocks of Nainital district. The period of study was from July 2011 to June 2013. Multi-stage random sample design was adopted to select 54 CMG members. Results: About 91% CMG members belong to General Category. Out of 54 CMG members, majority 45(83.3%) had received training and among them 80% did not have clarity about training guideline. The activities of preparing Report cards, Facility score cards and conducting Jan-Sunwais were done once in a year. Concurrent reductions in yellow (partially satisfactory) and red (bad) rating of series were not seen in 2011-12 to 2012-13 at all centres. Conclusion: The composition and training of the CMGs at all sub-centres and at PHCs were not as per guidelines of NRHM. The activities of preparing the Report card, the Facility score card and conducting Jan-sunwais were not done as per guidelines by NRHM. Majority of sub-centre indicators scored yellow colour and only few scored green.
A multi item probabilistic inventory model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for an inventory problem which consists of several products. Demands for these products are following Gamma distribution. Our objective is to determine the optimal ordering quantity that minimizes the total cost for each product. This is called an individual replenishment policy. The total cost consists of the purchasing cost, ordering cost, handling and shortage costs. Using the same model, we also develop a periodic review model that determines an optimal ordering time for all the products. This is called a joint replenishment policy. We then compare the total cost of the individual and the joint replenishment policy and determine a policy that gives minimum total cost. Our numerical experiments show that in general the joint replenishment policy is preferable than the individual replenishment policy. The joint replenishment policy gives higher shortage cost, but less in ordering and handling costs than the individual replenishment policy.
World heart day 2006 asks: “How young is your heart”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Global Heart is the official and primary publication of the World Heart Federation, offering a platform for the dissemination of knowledge on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programmes in the area of cardiovascular disease. Global Heart welcomes research results, points of view and educational material on the prevention, treatment and control of cardiovascular disease with a special focus on low and middle-income countries which are facing the brunt of epidemiological transition.Global Heart strongly encourages authors to adhere to CONSORT, STROBE, STARD, and PRISMA guidelines for reporting of clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy papers, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Authors are required for submission to download and complete the appropriate Equator Network checklist: http://www.equator-network.org/.
The principal victim: Catholic antisemitism and the holocaust in Central Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout his pontificate Pope John Paul 11 has strongly emphasised the need for recognition of the church's past failures, especially with regard to antisemitism and the persecution of the Jewish population of Europe. This specific issue is tackled in documents like We Remember (Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews, 1998) and Memory and Reconciliation (International Theological Commission, 1999).1 In the former the question is raised whether 'anti-Jewish prejudices' contributed to the Holocaust: But it may be asked whether the Nazi persecution of the Jews was not made easier by the anti-Jewish prejudices imbedded in some Christian minds and hearts. Did anti-Jewish sentiment among Christians make them less sensitive, or even indifferent, to the persecutions launched against the Jews by National Socialism when it reached power? Any response to this question must take into account that we are dealing with the history of people's attitudes and ways of thinking, subject to multiple influences. Moreover, many people were altogether unaware of the 'final solution' that was being put into effect against a whole people; others were afraid for themselves and those near to them; some took advantage of the situation; and still others were moved by envy. A response would need to be given case by case. To do this, however, it is necessary to know what precisely motivated people in a particular situation. A fresh start at examining this past was made by the International Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission consisting of three Catholic and three Jewish historians. Appointed by the Holy See's Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews and the International Jewish Committee for Interreligious Consultations they set out in 1999 to clarify the position of the Vatican and more notably that of Pope Pius XII. In October 2000, after studying the main core of documentary evidence, the Actes et documents du Saint Siege relatifs a la seconde guerre mondiale (Blet et al., 1965-81), the commission members drafted their conclusions. The mainly Italian-language Actes et documents alone proved to be too limited a source and additional research in the Vatican archives was needed. The six historians proposed some 47 questions, which aimed at a more profound understanding of the topic (International Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission, 2000). In 2001 work was suspended. Although much academic research has been done already and many questions still need answering, common knowledge about exactly how and why the church fell short of its vocation remains relatively limited. Furthermore, research has been obscured by polemics.
Large Scale (Multiphoton) Evolution of Atomic Energy Level's Mean Momentum for Single-Photon Absorption/Emission Process

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that a two-level atom, being initially in general superposition state of ground and excited energy levels with mutually different momentum distributions there, gets a large scale evolution in the energy levels momentum distribution. As a consequence the mean momentum of each individual energy level also gets large scale changes, more than the own momentum hbar k of the photon. Because of not completeness of the literature under the hand, we are not sure that this simple phenomenon isn't known in quantum theory of atom-photon interactions or, particularly, in the interferometry of atomic matter waves. One of main purposes of this article is our request to the leading specialists to respond and if the phenomenon is known, send the corresponding references. Thoroughly is discussed the special case, when the atom's preliminary superposition state is created as a result of interaction of the atom with the resonant standing wave. Also it is pointed that in such conditions the mentioned phenomenon can be presented as a transformation of the resonant Kapitza-Dirac splitting of atomic states into the Stern-Gerlach type splitting.
Visibility of black hole shadows in low-luminosity AGN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Accreting black holes tend to display a characteristic dark central region called the black hole shadow, which depends only on space–time/observer geometry and which conveys information about the black hole’s mass and spin. Conversely, the observed central brightness depression, or image shadow, additionally depends on the morphology of the emission region. In this paper, we investigate the astrophysical requirements for observing a meaningful black hole shadow in GRMHD-based models of accreting black holes. In particular, we identify two processes by which the image shadow can differ from the black hole shadow: evacuation of the innermost region of the accretion flow, which can render the image shadow larger than the black hole shadow, and obscuration of the black hole shadow by optically thick regions of the accretion flow, which can render the image shadow smaller than the black hole shadow, or eliminate it altogether. We investigate in which models the image shadows of our models match their corresponding black hole shadows, and in which models the two deviate from each other. We find that, given a compact and optically thin emission region, our models allow for measurement of the black hole shadow size to an accuracy of 5 per cent. We show that these conditions are generally met for all MAD simulations we considered, as well as some of the SANE simulations.
To All the Brethren: A Text-Linguistic and Rhetorical Approach to I Thessalonians

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| April 01 1990 To All the Brethren: A Text-Linguistic and Rhetorical Approach to I Thessalonians To All the Brethren: A Text-Linguistic and Rhetorical Approach to I Thessalonians, Bruce C. Johanson. Steven J. Kraftchick Steven J. Kraftchick Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1990) 109 (1): 158–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/3267355 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Steven J. Kraftchick; To All the Brethren: A Text-Linguistic and Rhetorical Approach to I Thessalonians. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 January 1990; 109 (1): 158–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3267355 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ivory poachers and poison: drivers of Africa's declining vulture populations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Four species of African vultures have been recategorized as Critically Endangered, and two as Endangered, on the IUCN Red List. Their declining status is attributed partly to the impacts of widespread poisoning. Prior to 2012 poisoning of vultures was mostly associated with illegal predator control by livestock farmers, in which vultures were typically unintended victims. More recently, ivory poachers have been using poisons to kill elephants Loxodonta africana or to contaminate their carcasses specifically to eliminate vultures, whose overhead circling might otherwise reveal the poachers’ presence. Between 2012 and 2014 we recorded 11 poaching-related incidents in seven African countries, in which 155 elephants and 2,044 vultures were killed. In at least two incidents the harvesting of vulture body parts (for fetish) may have provided an additional motive. We show that vulture mortality associated with ivory poaching has increased more rapidly than that associated with other poisoning incidents, and now accounts for one-third of all vulture poisonings recorded since 1970. This recent surge in the illegal use of poisons exposes weaknesses in the regulations, for which we propose measures aimed primarily at retail controls. However, because ivory poachers already operate outside any legal framework, African governments require international support in applying more punitive sentencing against mass wildlife poisoning.
POPULATION REDUCTION AS A FACTOR IN THE CONTROL OF SKUNK RABIES IN ALBERTA

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Population reduction is being used currently to combat skunk rabies in Alberta. A total of 2,398 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were removed from three counties of southern Alberta during 1980-1983 in an effort to combat rabies outbreaks in those areas. The methods employed included trapping, poisoning, and shooting. Skunks in Forty Mile County have been rabies-free for 4 yr and the outbreaks in Newell and Warner counties appear to be under control. The data suggest that population reduction has been effective in controlling rabies in those areas.
99 CHILD ABUSE IN BELGRADE, MONTANA: RECOGNIZING AND REPORTING

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose

Child abuse is under-recognized and under-reported. A single case identified by a primary care physician in a rural clinic raised questions about ways to improve identification in a broader setting. A community project was initiated to improve child abuse recognition and reporting in the small community of Belgrade, Montana. Schools were chosen as the primary site of intervention because of the extent of their contact with children on a daily basis.

Methods

Information was gathered from the superintendent of schools, public school policy, manuals for teachers, and the state reporting agency. With input from school administrators, a brochure was developed containing: the legal responsibility of professional to report, immunity from liability after reporting, recognition signs, and additional sources of information and support. The brochure was distributed to teachers and school employees throughout the school district.

Summary

One way to affect the health of children is to increase recognition and reporting of child abuse through collaboration with other community professionals. The aim of the brochure was to raise awareness of the problem and provide a ready tool to help with the process of reporting. The brochures were distributed to approximately 310 teachers and school employees in the Belgrade school district.

Conclusion

An issue so filled with emotion such as child abuse is not easily approached. The problem may best be handled through the cooperative efforts of several different groups of professionals within the community.
Investigation of the Association Between Hyperlipidemia and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Through Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetically predicted hyperlipidemia and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using a 2-sample MR analysis. Background. Several observational studies suggested associations between hyperlipidemia and OPLL. Materials and Methods. Genome-wide association study summary statistics for hyperlipidemia and OPLL were retrieved from the public database. The MR analysis employed the inverse variance weighted method, which was supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode analyses. Sensitivity analyses, incorporating the Cochran Q test, MR-Egger regression, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test, in addition, assessed the robustness of the findings. Results. The inverse variance weighted analysis revealed a significant association between total cholesterol levels and OPLL (odds ratio: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06–1.96, P = 0.02). Similarly, a significant association was observed between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and OPLL (odds ratio: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63, P = 0.02). Supplementary analyses further supported the significant association of total cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol on OPLL ( P < 0.05). In sensitivity analyses, LDL cholesterol exposure showed robust results, with no outliers detected by loo or mrpresso, despite MR-Egger hints at pleiotropy. For total cholesterol exposure, MR-Egger suggested no pleiotropy, though heterogeneity and outliers were present. Outlier removal confirmed the initial positive association, underlining study stability. However, no significant associations were found between hyperlipidemia, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in OPLL. Conclusion. This study suggests an association between total cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol levels in OPLL. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic implications.
The Distribution of Benefits in an Urban Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research reported here examines the neighborhood distribution of park and library services in Houston. The analysis reveals that inequalities in distribution on the basis of race and wealth are dispersed rather than cumulative. The distribution of park acreage and facilities is equal while the location pattern is skewed in the direction of low income neighborhoods. The distribution of library resources favors upper income neighbor hoods, while the spatial distribution of branch libraries advantages black and other low income areas. Distributional decisions are made on the basis of bureaucratic rules and appear to be little affected by explicit racial and socioeconomic criteria. However, these rules may have distributional consequences.
The redox-associated adaptive response of brain to physical exercise

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated during metabolism. ROS are involved in redox signaling, but in significant concentrations they can greatly elevate oxidative damage leading to neurodegeneration. Because of the enhanced sensitivity of brain to ROS, it is especially important to maintain a normal redox state in brain and spinal cord cell types. The complex effects of exercise benefit brain function, including functional enhancement as well as its preventive and therapeutic roles. Exercise can induce neurogenesis via neurotrophic factors, increase capillarization, decrease oxidative damage, and enhance repair of oxidative damage. Exercise is also effective in attenuating age-associated loss in brain function, which suggests that physical activity-related complex metabolic and redox changes are important for a healthy neural system.
Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Nephrotic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Nephrotic Syndrome Get access A. S. Woolf, A. S. Woolf 1Department of Medicine, University College HospitalLondon, UK Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr A. S. Woolf, University College Hospital, Gower Street, London WCIE 6AU, UK. Tel: 01-387 9300 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. R. Street, P. R. Street 1Department of Medicine, University College HospitalLondon, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. M. Walmsley, K. M. Walmsley 2Department of Radiology, University College HospitalLondon, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. L. Cohen S. L. Cohen 1Department of Medicine, University College HospitalLondon, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 4, Issue 6, 1989, Pages 581–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a091917 Published: 01 January 1989 Article history Received: 24 December 1988 Published: 01 January 1989 Accepted: 17 January 1989
Brazilian Economic Growth, 1900-2000: Lessons and Policy Implications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines Brazilian economic growth as part of the project "Explaining Economic Growth Performance" launched by the Global Development Network (GDN), the purpose of which is to explain economic growth performances across seven regions of the world. According to the author of this study, a better understanding of Brazil's paradoxical growth pattern during the 20th century may not only improve policy formulation but also help generate political support for its implementation. Any proposal for deepening the reform process in Brazil will not win wide acceptance if it is not perceived to respond to a credible account of how policies that are "wrong" in 2001 appeared "right," for half of the last century. With this context in mind, this paper addresses three overarching questions. First, how did Brazil manage to grow so rapidly from 1930 to 1980 while following so many "wrong" policies? Second, why did Brazil then perform so poorly in the final two decades of the century? And third, considering developments in both the domestic and international arenas, how should current public policy priorities be set to maximize Brazil's potential sustainable growth rate? Analysis will look at the aggregate performance of the Brazilian economy in 1930-2000, it will examine micro evidence from firms and households, respectively, and determine whether these patterns are consistent with the macroeconomic observations noted in our initial analysis. The study also provides an evaluation on how should current public policy priorities be set to maximize Brazil's potential sustainable growth rate.
Transnational Mobility of Chinese Students in Portuguese-Speaking Countries: The Role of a Non-hegemonic Language

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The idea that the acquisition of and proficiency in non-hegemonic languages can be pivotal to international student mobility has thus far been insufficiently addressed. In this paper, we draw on 23 in-depth interviews with Chinese students to explore this question, showing how the perception of Portuguese-language learning and practice at Lusophone Higher Education Institutions (e.g., in Portugal, Macao, Angola, and Brazil) represents a decisive trigger for studying abroad, and an alternative strategy for acquiring linguistic capital in a non-dominant language in which skills can be converted into competitive resources on future professional paths. We conclude by arguing for the need to address this blind spot in transnational student mobilities, and by positioning “language acquisition and proficiency” as a structuring dimension, not just of the processes by which students decide to move, but also of their imaginaries of preparedness for their future career trajectories.
Doğu’nun Son Kilise Babası Yuhanna ed-Dımaşkī (649-749) ve İslâm

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the history, Christianity and Islam had mutual struggle in political and economic fields. The consequences of this struggle deeply effected relations of these twocommunities. One of this effect is the mutual misunderstandings in obtaining information about each others. This article deals with misinformations about Islam in the middle age.In focusing on John of Damascus’s (Yuhanna ed-Dımaşkī) –the last Father of the Eastern Church- famous work’s De Haeresibus, especially the 100. part which deals with Islam. The translation of the stated part attached to the text.