jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
De kracht van inertie

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The force of inertia. A Sartrean perspective on resistance Although Sartre’s philosophy of freedom is often considered as a philosophy of resistance, rooted in the experience of the Second World War, Sartre did not formulate a full-blown theory of resistance. However, his Critique of Dialectical Reason contains a wealth of material that allows a rethinking of the notion of resistance. In much of the literature, this notion is inflated so as to include action, opposition, struggle, exodus and a range of other phenomena. In order to acquire a sharper sense of the specific meaning of resistance, this paper argues, this notion has to be reconnected with its origins in mechanical physics. Sartre’s key concept of inertia provides a starting point for such a theoretical strategy. Although human beings are fundamentally free, they can live their relation to others and to themselves as if they were inert things. From a Sartrean perspective, resistance means making oneself inert in order to be able to persevere and to hold the line in the face of a threat. Resistance occurs at both sides of a struggle, and can take different, asymmetrical forms. The two fundamental modes of sociality Sartre distinguishes, namely the group and the series, offer different types of resistance to opponents.
The bifurcated stem loop 4 (SL4) is crucial for efficient packaging of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) genomic RNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Packaging the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) genomic RNA (gRNA) requires the entire 5' untranslated region (UTR) in conjunction with the first 120 nucleotides of the gag gene. This region includes several palindromic (pal) sequence(s) and stable stem loops (SLs). Among these, stem loop 4 (SL4) adopts a bifurcated structure consisting of three stems, two apical loops, and an internal loop. Pal II, located in one of the apical loops, mediates gRNA dimerization, a process intricately linked to packaging. We thus hypothesized that the bifurcated SL4 structure could constitute the major gRNA packaging determinant. To test this hypothesis, the two apical loops and the flanking sequences forming the bifurcated SL4 were individually mutated. These mutations all had deleterious effects on gRNA packaging and propagation. Next, single and compensatory mutants were designed to destabilize then recreate the bifurcated SL4 structure. A structure-function analysis using bioinformatics predictions and RNA chemical probing revealed that mutations that led to the loss of the SL4 bifurcated structure abrogated RNA packaging and propagation, while compensatory mutations that recreated the native SL4 structure restored RNA packaging and propagation to wild type levels. Altogether, our results demonstrate that SL4 constitutes the principal packaging determinant of MMTV gRNA. Our findings further suggest that SL4 acts as a structural switch that can not only differentiate between RNA for translation versus packaging/dimerization, but its location also allows differentiation between spliced and unspliced RNAs during gRNA encapsidation.
Approach to Vaccine Hesitancy: A Case Report Conveying the CASE Approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vaccine hesitancy is a concept that has persisted from the time smallpox vaccine was first introduced to this day. When encountering vaccine-hesitant caregivers in clinical practice, it is important to approach vaccine hesitancy in accordance with evidence-based practices to effectively utilise the limited time available. Our case describes a 6-month and 20-day-old patient admitted to the paediatric ward with acute bronchiolitis and missed vaccinations. The patient’s mother revealed that she did not get the infant vaccinated after 2 months of age because she was influenced by people around her. A structured interview was conducted with the mother following the CASE method. After the interview, the mother decided to get her baby vaccinated. The infant received Hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and conjugated pneumococcal vaccines on the day of discharge. Subsequent clinic visits confirmed adherence to the vaccination schedule.
Assessing lifestyle interventions to improve cardiovascular health using an agent-based model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US) and places a heavy economic burden on the healthcare system. Recognizing the importance of CVD prevention, in recent years the American Heart Association (AHA) began to emphasize the need to increase awareness of key risk factors of CVD and proposed a new concept called ideal cardiovascular health. Based on this concept, we developed an agent-based model that is designed to capture individual health progression and study emergent CVD-related population health outcomes (diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke and death) over a specified time period. We present some preliminary numerical results, which demonstrate the predictive validity of the model and show how the model could be used in practice by assessing the impact of a set of hypothetical lifestyle interventions on CVD-related health outcomes. Our model is designed to help policy-makers assess and compare different intervention programs targeting CVD prevention for the population of their interest.
Temperature-Corrected Quartz-Crystal Microbalance for Real-Time Film Thickness Monitoring in Vacuum Evaporation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For a quartz-crystal microbalance system without thermocouples for monitoring thin film thickness, a computational method which corrects for the temperature variation in the quartz crystal is presented. This correction method eliminates the need for pipes and electrical wires, simplifying the conventional system. To avoid the use of electrical wires, both a laser diode and a microlens were used to transmit the signal of the change of resonant frequency of the quartz crystal. Using a 4.2 MHz resonant AT-cut quartz-crystal plate, the error in the measurement of Ti film thickness was <3.0% under the conditions of deposition time <230 s and the quartz-crystal temperature <160° C.
Interpretation of the results of the CORA-33 dry core BWR test

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

All BWR degraded core experiments performed prior to CORA-33 were conducted under ``wet`` core degradation conditions for which water remains within the core and continuous steaming feeds metal/steam oxidation reactions on the in-core metallic surfaces. However, one dominant set of accident scenarios would occur with reduced metal oxidation under ``dry`` core degradation conditions and, prior to CORA-33, this set had been neglected experimentally. The CORA-33 experiment was designed specifically to address this dominant set of BWR ``dry`` core severe accident scenarios and to partially resolve phenomenological uncertainties concerning the behavior of relocating metallic melts draining into the lower regions of a ``dry`` BWR core. CORA-33 was conducted on October 1, 1992, in the CORA tests facility at KfK. Review of the CORA-33 data indicates that the test objectives were achieved; that is, core degradation occurred at a core heatup rate and a test section axial temperature profile that are prototypic of full-core nuclear power plant (NPP) simulations at ``dry`` core conditions. Simulations of the CORA-33 test at ORNL have required modification of existing control blade/canister materials interaction models to include the eutectic melting of the stainless steel/Zircaloy interaction products and the heat of mixing of stainless steel and Zircaloy. The timing and location of canister failure and melt intrusion into the fuel assembly appear to be adequately simulated by the ORNL models. This paper will present the results of the posttest analyses carried out at ORNL based upon the experimental data and the posttest examination of the test bundle at KfK. The implications of these results with respect to degraded core modeling and the associated safety issues are also discussed.
A new and highly divergent mitochondrial lineage in the Small Five-toed Jerboa, Allactaga elater, from Iran (Mammalia: Rodentia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Small Five-toed Jerboa, Allactaga elater, is a small rodent adapted to desert and semi-arid habitats with a widespread distribution around the Caucasus. Previous studies have suggested the occurrence of subspecific variation within the species but, except for a recent phylogeny of the genus Allactaga, most of the work done on the taxonomy of the group relies on morphological data only. To contribute to the current understanding of patterns of genetic diversity of A. elater we analysed one mitochondrial locus, cytochrome b, from 13 Iranian specimens. Comparing to a recent phylogeny, our results suggest the existence of two additional mitochondrial lineages, one that clusters within previously described lineages and a new and highly divergent one. The two novel mitochondrial lineages occur in the north and form two highly divergent monophyletic groups (Dxy = 14%), which likely separated during the Pleistocene.
Breaking Patterns of Conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1. Breaking patterns of conflict in Northern Ireland: new perspectives 2. History, structure and action in the settlement of complex conflicts: the Northern Ireland case 3. The complexity of British-Irish interdependence 4. The changing British-Irish relationship: the sovereignty dimension 5. British-Irish institutional structures: towards a new relationship 6. The dimensions of Irish Government involvement in the pursuit of a settlement of the Northern Ireland conflict 7. 'The first major step in the peace process'? Exploring the impact of the Anglo-Irish Agreement on Irish republican thinking 8. The provision of Irish television in Northern Ireland: a slow British-Irish success story 9. The business of building peace: private sector cooperation across the Irish border
Simulation of the Generation of Solution Gradients in Microfluidic Systems Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we used the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method to simulate the generation of concentration gradients in microfluidic networks. We first developed a model of microfluidic networks, in which the flow velocity of the laminar flow in the microchannel and the diffusion of solute molecules govern the solute gradients generated, and the obtained results are comparable with experimental data. Our simulation results indicated that the relative positions of the branching plates in different levels, at which a microchannel is split into several daughter microchannels, exert significant effects on the shape of concentration gradients. We also performed extensive simulations to study the dependence of the shape of the concentration gradient on the velocity of the flow u, diffusion coefficients of solutes D, and the length of the microchannel L. A dimensionless parameter, (L/u)/(H2/D), in which H is the hydraulic diameter of the main microchannel, was proposed in this work. It is found that for geometrically similar microfluidic networks, the parameter alone determines the shape of the generated concentration gradient. Therefore, the proposed parameter allows one to perform experiments or simulations with reduced models in microchannels and correlate the data to the other flows or geometry sizes.
Electroabsorption effects in InxGa1−xAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electroabsorption of strained-layer Inx Ga1−x As/GaAs superlattice structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates was experimentally investigated. Its spectral characteristics were found to be similar to those of Franz–Keldysh electroabsorption of bulk semiconductor materials, and suggest that the widths of ground-state electron and hole minibands might be larger than the maximum tilt of the potential well caused by an applied voltage. We attribute the electroabsorption of such superlattices to photon-assisted tunneling between ground-state electron and heavy hole minibands.
Bridged Nucleic Acids Reloaded

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Oligonucleotides are key compounds widely used for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The rapid increase in oligonucleotide-based applications, together with the progress in nucleic acids research, has led to the design of nucleotide analogs that, when part of these oligomers, enhance their efficiency, bioavailability, or stability. One of the most useful nucleotide analogs is the first-generation bridged nucleic acids (BNA), also known as locked nucleic acids (LNA), which were used in combination with ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, or other analogs to construct oligomers with diverse applications. However, there is still room to improve their efficiency, bioavailability, stability, and, importantly, toxicity. A second-generation BNA, BNANC (2′-O,4′-aminoethylene bridged nucleic acid), has been recently made available. Oligomers containing these analogs not only showed less toxicity when compared to LNA-containing compounds but, in some cases, also exhibited higher specificity. Although there are still few applications where BNANC-containing compounds have been researched, the promising results warrant more effort in incorporating these analogs for other applications. Furthermore, newer BNA compounds will be introduced in the near future, offering great hope to oligonucleotide-based fields of research and applications.
Ethical Dimension of Citizen Journalism; Implication on News Gathering

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 21st century, citizen journalism has significantly impacted the way news is gathered and reported. It has become a regular contributor to mainstream news, providing information to the public. The interactivity and speed of citizen journalism has posed a challenge to traditional news gathering and dissemination. The paper examined the impact of citizen journalism on traditional news gathering and dissemination. This study is guided by the Democratic Participant Theory, which emphasizes the importance of media access for all citizens, the research investigates how citizen journalism has broadened news sources and fostered a more democratic media landscape. Employing a qualitative research methodology that involved the analysis of secondary data, including academic literature, news articles, and social media content related to citizen journalism, the study explores the evolving landscape of news production and consumption. Citizen journalism has broadened access to a variety of news and provided opportunities for a more democratic practice of journalism. However, some citizen journalists have deviated from the principles of the profession by reporting unnecessary and irrelevant issues, causing disaffection in society. This study reveals that citizen journalism and some social media platforms are jeopardizing the efforts of conventional journalists towards ensuring good and smooth practice of the profession. Ethical challenges of citizen journalism include the spread of misinformation, disinformation, cyberbullying, privacy violations, online harassment, and the amplification of divisive and harmful content. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the government should expedite its plan to regulate social media use, and social media operators should adhere to the core ethics of conventional journalism, such as accuracy and objectivity in news gathering and dissemination.
Promoting Caregiver Early Childhood Development Behaviors through Social and Behavioral Change Communication Program in Tanzania

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Stunting remains a prevalent issue in Tanzania. The consequences of stunting include reduced height, greater susceptibility to disease, and diminished cognitive ability throughout the lifespan. Lack of psychosocial stimulation is associated with increased stunting, particularly in terms of its cognitive impact. The Addressing Stunting in Tanzania Early (ASTUTE) program was a large social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention that aimed to reduce childhood stunting in the region by targeting early childhood development (ECD) behaviors. The purpose of this study is to report on the extent to which exposure to ASTUTE might be related to ECD behaviors. Methods: ASTUTE disseminated program messages via a mass media campaign and interpersonal communication (IPC). Logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between exposure to TV, radio, IPC messages, and key ECD behaviors of female primary caregivers and male heads of household. Results: Among primary caregivers, IPC was positively associated with all ECD behaviors measured. Radio was associated with all behaviors except drawing with their child. TV was associated with all behaviors except playing with their child. Among heads of household, only the radio was positively associated with the ECD behaviors measured. Conclusions for practice: Findings indicate that SBCC interventions that include mass media and IPC components may be effective at promoting parental engagement in ECD behaviors. Significance: We know that ECD is important for a child’s development. We know that parents play a critical role in promoting ECD behaviors. We are still exploring ways to influence parents so that they are more involved in ECD behaviors. The results presented here provide evidence for successful mass media and IPC efforts to improve parents’ ECD behaviors. We hope this study will add more evidence for large interventions such as these to the literature, and we are very hopeful that governments and large international NGOs will prioritize SBCC approaches in the future, especially in locations where face-to-face interventions may be challenging.
Development of pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) algorithms for inter-satellite laser (ISL) cross-links

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This Final Year Project document deals with the Software Development for PAT in Inter-Satellite Laser (ISL) Cross-links to achieve line of sight laser communication between the satellites. This software is programmed to move the gimbal motor with feedback from the CMOS camera to achieve Line of Sight (LOS) with the other Terminal. In the next few chapters, the report will touch on the important concepts of the project including parts used in the experimental setup, its description, the overall working of the system and the system and the software, showing a step by step development procedure for the gimbal control software, the image processing procedure and the grabbing of the images from the CMOS camera. Lastly, the combination of all the functions with the use of designed GUI. The RS-232 programming components which are used for controlling the gimbal and the VB.net programming needed to be done for the image acquisition and analysis will be explained in detail. Techniques and approaches that are used in acquiring the coordinates of the brightest pixels will be explained in the programming chapters. At the end of the report, a conclusion will summarize the whole project and the hurdles encountered and approaches made to resolve the problems. The recommendation for further development in the future will also be discussed.
Enzyme-Assisted\nSolid-Phase Microextraction Coupled\nwith a DNA Nanowalker for Dual-Amplified Detection of Chloramphenicol\nin Animal-Derived Food Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chloramphenicol (CAP), an aminoalcohol antibiotic, exerts\nits action\non bacterial ribosomes, thereby obstructing protein synthesis. However,\nthe use of CAP in husbandry may lead to its excessive accumulation\nin animal-derived food products. This presents potential risks to\nconsumer health. This study developed a novel dual-amplification fluorescence\ndetection method by integrating enzyme-assisted solid-phase microextraction\n(SPME) with a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au NP-based DNA nanowalker\nfor the detection of CAP in food. The combination of a quartz rod-based\nSPME biosensor and DNA nanowalker effectively eliminated matrix interference,\nenabling the conversion of CAP and enhancement of detection signals\nthrough two cyclic amplification processes. The strategy demonstrated\nhigh sensitivity with a limit of detection of 28.1 aM as well as a\nwide linear range from 0.1 fM to 1 nM (with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.99). This method also demonstrates robust stability\nand\naccuracy in detecting trace amounts of CAP in both authentic and prepared\npositive samples.
Studies on structural foam processing. III. Bubble dynamics in foam extrusion through a converging die

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An experimental and theoretical study was carried out to achieve a better understanding of bubble dynamics in foam extrusion through a converging die. For the experimental study, a number of converging channels were constructed of aluminum, with glass windows on both sides. Bubble dynamics in the flow channel were recorded on movie film as a gas‐charged molten polymer was extruded. The dies had various converging angles (30, 45, 60, 90, and 150 degrees), and the polymer was polystyrene. As blowing agent, sodium bicarbonate (generating CO 2 ) was used. It was found that the gas bubbles moving along the centerline of the channel grow initially at the upstream end of the die, and then start to collapse as the gas‐charged molten polymer approaches the exit plane of the die. In order to help interpret the experimental results, a theoretical analysis was made of bubble dynamics in a converging channel, in which a thread‐like bubble was assumed to flow along the centerline of the converging channel and the Coleman‐Noll second‐order fluid model was assumed to describe the rheological behavior of the polymer melt. Some mathematically convenient simplifying assumptions not‐withstanding, the theoretical analysis corroborates the experimental observations. The practical significance of the present investigation is discussed in connection with controlling the cell structure in extruded foam products.