jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Two Behavioral Change Intervention Packages for Tobacco Cessation Initiated in The Tertiary Care Setting of North India-Protocol for A Two-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

ackground:To reduce the global burden of tobacco use, clinical guidelines support behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy as preferred interventions for tobacco cessation. The evidence based behavioral interventions has consistently shown to be impactful in community settings, however its efficacy has not been established in hospital settings. The current study aims to investigate impact of trans-theoretical based behavioral intervention package on tobacco users suffering from non-communicable diseases attending tertiary care settings of North India.Methods/Design: A two arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a tertiary health care hospital will be performed. A total of 360 tobacco users attending NCD clinics in four departments: Cardiology, Neurology, Pulmonary Medicine, ENT (Otolaryngology) will be recruited over a period of three months. After ascertaining the eligibility criteria they will be followed up to 6 months (1, 3, 6) for their tobacco use status, readiness to quit, nicotine dependence, stage of behavior change and self-reported & biochemical validation (urine cotinine) for tobacco abstinence. Assignment of intervention including allocation concealment, sequence generation, blinding will be done as per SPIRIT guidelines for RCT protocols.Discussion:As no strong evidence exists about the effectiveness of tobacco cessation intervention in tertiary settings, the current study will build evidence about the similar interventions in such settings.Trial Registration: CTRI/2019/09/021406
From the work of transference to the transference to work

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper responds to questions on the transmission of psychoanalysis that were raised after the crisis in the World Association of Psychoanalysis (AMP) in 1988-1989. The focus is on the notion of work in psychoanalysis as a means of addressing Jacques Lacan's 'politics of the treatment'. It makes a significant distinction in the nature of work, namely in analysis and at the end of analysis. This distinction is termed a move from a work of transference in the treatment to transference to work in transmission.
Styles of Adaptation and Hospital Outcome Among Chronic Older Mental Patients

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Styles of Adaptation and Hospital Outcome Among Chronic Older Mental Patients Get access Marcia Bok, PhD Marcia Bok, PhD 2School of Social Work, The University of ConnecticutWest Hartford 06117. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 1971, Pages 52–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/26.1.52 Published: 01 January 1971
[Principles of osteosynthesis of the hand].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In cases of joint fractures as well as in dislocated and open fractures of the hand special standards concerning operation methods have to be set. Treatment of soft tissue damage accompanying the fracture is in no other region of the body so important. Therefore the current efforts for development of an AO-classification for fractures of the hand taking into account the soft tissue damage are of major significance. Special features of miniosteosynthesis compared to conventional osteosynthesis are the subject of this study. The use of the miniplate especially in juxtaarticular fractures of the hand due to complex injuries or replantations can overcome the disadvantages of joint-bridging K-wires. Osteosyntheses of the hand are making high technical demands on surgeons and are not at all operations for beginners.
Real-world Insights on the Care and Management of Cough: A Physician Survey in India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and aim: The lack of comprehensive real-world data from physicians complicates the optimization of cough management strategies. Survey-based studies focusing on physician perspectives are particularly valuable to obtain insights on the management and care of cough in India. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational physician survey administered via a printed version to assess physician treatment patterns and the factors influencing their prescribing decisions, and to know physician perspectives on duration of cough, reasons for prolonged cough, most common type of cough at their clinics. Multiple-choice and rating scale questions were used. Results: Of the 190 physicians invited to complete the survey, 160 responded (120 general physicians and 40 pulmonologists). Cough duration >10 days was reported by 132 (82.5%) respondents and > 20 days by 24 (15%). Eighty-four (52.5%) physicians reported that 10–20% of patients experience the symptoms, such as congestion or cold along with cough. At least one physician identified the following reasons as contributing to the longer duration of cough: allergy, asthma, pollution, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treatment non-compliance, COVID-19, smoking, and a history of nasal drip. Most respondents (90%) reported consider the presence of appropriate ingredients for the respective cough type, cooling and soothing effect, rational combination approved by drug authorities when prescribing. Complete relief from cough was reported by 43%, 55%, and 48% of physicians with syrups containing ambroxol + guaifenesin + terbutaline + menthol, levosalbutamol + ambroxol + guaifenesin, and dextromethorphan + chlorpheniramine, respectively. Most respondents preferred 10 mg (122/160) of dextromethorphan for the effective treatment of cough over higher doses (15 mg, 21/160; 30 mg, 13/160; other doses, 4/160). Conclusion: This survey highlights the diverse and known approaches physicians in India take toward managing cough, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment strategies and syrups with multi-drug combinations. Keywords: Physician survey; real-world evidence; cough; ambroxol; guaifenesin; terbutaline; menthol; dextromethorphan
Effects of CO2-induced acidification on the fatigue resistance of single mouse muscle fibers at 28°C

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The role of reduced muscle pH in the development of skeletal muscle fatigue is unclear. This study investigated the effects of lowering skeletal muscle intracellular pH by exposure to 30% CO 2 on the number of isometric tetani needed to induce significant fatigue. Isolated single mouse muscle fibers were stimulated repetitively at intervals of 4–2.5 s by using 80-Hz, 400-ms tetani at 28°C in Tyrode solution bubbled with either 5 or 30% CO 2 . Stimulation continued until tetanic force had fallen to 40% of the initial value. Exposure to 30% CO 2 caused a significant fall in intracellular pH of ∼0.3 pH unit but did not cause any significant changes in initial peak tetanic force. During the course of repetitive stimulation, intracellular pH fell by ∼0.3 pH unit in both normal and acidified fibers. The number of tetani needed to reduce force to 40% of the initial value was not significantly different in 5 and 30% CO 2 Tyrode. The sole effect of acidosis was to reduce the rate of relaxation of force, especially in fatigued fibers. It is concluded that, at 28°C, acidosis per se does not accelerate the development of fatigue during repeated tetanic stimulation of isolated mouse skeletal muscle fibers.
Institutional setup of employment services in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Canada is characterised by an institutional setting that combines a federal jurisdiction with 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions. The OECD recommends promoting employment services more client-oriented than the existing system-oriented ones, improving the co-ordination between Federal and provincial governments in the implementation and delivery of employment services and considering gathering the delivery of Employment Insurance benefit and employment services in a “one-stop-shop” place. These changes would ease their way for unemployed and, among them, displaced workers to navigate the fragmented employment and skills system.
Intervention Analysis of Daily Indian Rupee/Nigerian Naira Exchange Rates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Time series plot of a realization of daily exchange rates of Indian Rupee and Nigerian Naira from 18th March, 2017 to 10th September, 2017 shows the occurrence of an intervention on 4th August, 2017. This research work has an aim of proposing an intervention model to explain the impact of this intervention believed to be due to the economic recession in Nigeria. Â Pre-intervention series is observed to be stationary by the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test. Following the shown autocorrelation structure of the series, an adequate subset ARMA(13, 12) model is fitted to it. On the basis of this model forecasts are made for the post-intervention period. Â Difference between these forecasts and their corresponding actual observations are modeled to obtain the intervention transfer function and the desired overall intervention model. Â Management of these exchange rates may be made on the basis of this model.
The use of cytological studies of periodontal pockets of periodontitis patients with fractures of the mandible to select the method of immobilization

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study: rationale for selecting the method of immobilization of bone fragments of the mandible in patients with fractures, combined with chronic generalized periodontitis based on clinical and cytomorphological data. Materials and methods. Were examined 60 patients with mandibular fractures in combination with chronic generalized periodontitis who underwent immobilization of the mandible in various ways. Patients underwent clinical examination and conventional cytomorphological examination of the contents of periodontal pockets. As a result, found that patients in the orthopedic treatment of the dynamics observed progression of inflammatory-destructive processes. When immobilization of the mandible with intermaxillary fixation titanium screws and the surgical method of treating inflammation at the level of periodontal pockets cropped. Conclusion. Given the smaller number of inflammatory complications of mandibular fractures in patients who have used the maxillary fixation screws in titanium, this is the best
The Relationship Between Leisure Management and Exam Anxiety Levels of University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between leisure management and test anxiety levels of university students and their differentiation status in terms of some demographic variables. Methods: The relational survey model was used in the study, and there were 284 (147 male and 137 female) university students selected from the universe by convenient sampling method. Personal information form prepared by the researchers, “Leisure Management Scale (LMS)” and “Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI)” were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-Test and Pearson Correlation analyzes were used by using SPSS 26.0 program. Results: There was no significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the leisure management scale and the total score averages according to the gender variable, while a significant difference was found in the TAI "delusional", "affective" sub-dimensions and total score averages. According to the family income variable of university students, a low-level and negative significant relationship was found in the "leisure attitude" sub-dimension of LMS, and in the total TAI and "delusional sub-dimension". A significant relationship was found between the age variable and the "goal setting and method" sub-dimension of LMS. A low and negative significant relationship was found between leisure and "goal setting and method", "leisure attitude" and total LMS score averages. In addition, while there was no significant relationship between LMS and TAI, it was found that there was a low and negative significant relationship between the "leisure attitude" sub-dimension and the test anxiety inventory and its sub-dimensions. Conclusion: It can be said that as the level of attitude towards leisure activities of university students’ increases, the feeling of exam anxiety may decrease, and the increase in free time will adversely affect the level of leisure management and attitude. Keywords: University students, Leisure management, Exam anxiety level. *It was presented as an oral presentation at the 5th Academic Sports Research Congress
Enhancing shelf life and functionality of food matrices by utilization of natural compounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Access to a healthy diet plays a more fundamental role for several reasons, such as environmental changes and oxidative stress factors. As a result, researchers focus on developing the functionality and beneficial effect of foods by natural components within a large health benefits scale. In particular, plant-derived compounds have rising importance in food processing for the reason of functional properties. Nonetheless, it is essential to identify the appropriate type of natural compound from the great diversity of plant sources and compatible use in the food matrix without losing functionality and specific properties. This review discusses the general definition and functional properties of plant-derived natural compounds and their applicability to food. Besides, the basic functional properties of plant-based natural compounds in human metabolism are mentioned. The methods for protecting bioactivity, biocompatibility, and bioaccessibility of natural compounds are also determined. Besides, several food applications by these compounds are identified. Practical application Biodiversity and functionality of plant-derived natural compounds vary up to the application. Mainly food and pharmaceutic science have been interested in the bioavailability and biocompatibility of bioactive compounds. Several covering methods are used for the protection of functionality and bioactivity for natural chemicals. Biocompatibility and biodegradability properties of encapsulated chemical and shell material play a fundamental role during transportation in the gastric system. Application of encapsulated natural components enhances beneficial properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-carcinogenic.
PLASMA-CATHODE ELECTRON SOURCE BASED ON A LOW-PRESSURE ARC DISCHARGE IN THE MODE OF THE EMISSION CURRENT ENHANCEMENT

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the electron beam source based on a plasma cathode with a grid-stabilized plasma emission boundary, the anode plasma significantly affects the limited parameters of the source and widely determines the main characteristics of the source. This paper describes a theoretical and experimental investigation of the discharge plasma generation and the significant increasing mode of the electron emission current in the plasma electron source based on a low-pressure arc discharge. The source works at a pressure of 0.02−0.05 Pa, an accelerating voltage of 10 kV, and a longitudinal magnetic field of 0.1 T. According to experiment and theory, plasma potential depends on the electric field that penetrates from the accelerating gap of anode plasma through the grid meshes, on the discharge current, gas pressure, grid geometric transparency, and on the gas type. It is shown that the basic mechanisms corresponding to the discharge current enhancement and emission current are associated with the secondary ion-electron emission of electrons in the plasma cathode and transport channel on the grid electrode, the presence of positive feedback between the plasma cathode generation area and electron beam transport channel.
[TNF inhibitors: a new therapeutic perspective in chronic inflammatory diseases in rheumatology?].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) have been identified as important mediators of chronic immuno-inflammatory disease states such as rheumatoid arthritis. Effector cells are triggered by these cytokines to release molecules involved in synovitis and rheumatoid joint destruction, namely prostanoids, leukotrienes, adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases. Modifications of natural inhibitors of IL-1 and TNF alpha, which have been shown to maintain the homeostasis of the cytokine system, are now available by DNA technology. Monoclonal antibodies to TNF and the TNF receptor fusion proteins TNFR 55-IgG and TNFR 75-IgG are currently under clinical investigation in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and septic shock. Preliminary results from clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis suggest that TNF inhibition represents a promising novel interventional strategy providing anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of effector molecules of structural joint damage.
Strategies to Develop Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges for Smart Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In recent years, the development of various cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanosponges (NSs) has gained great importance in the controlled and-or targeted release of drugs due to their versatility and simple preparation. In this chapter, an introduction of different administration routes is explained. Further, different ways to obtain CD-NSs and their classification are shown with a brief explanation of the characterization of the inclusion complexes. Finally, illustrative examples in diverse processes or diseases will be reviewed and explained to demonstrate the potential of CD-NSs. Therefore, this division will serve to compile information on CD-NSs in recent years and to illustrate to readers how to generate and apply different derivatives of interest.
Global production sharing and South‐South trade

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine patterns and determinants of trade among developing countries (South‐South trade), with emphasis on the role of production sharing in global economic integration of the Southern economies. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins with an analytical narrative of the emerging trends and patterns of South‐South trade using a classification system that helps delineating trade based on global production sharing (network trade) from total recorded trade. Then it undertakes a comparative econometric analysis of the determinants of South‐South and South‐North trade using the standard gravity model. Findings The share of South‐South trade in world trade has shown a significant increase over the past two decades. This increase has predominantly come from the dynamic East Asian countries, reflecting their growing engagement in global production sharing. The growth dynamism of East‐Asia centered production networks depends heavily on demand for final (assembled) goods in the Northern markets; South‐South trade is largely complementary to, rather than competing with, South‐North trade. While regional trading agreements (RTAs) could play a role at the margin, natural economic forces associated with growth and structural change in the economy and the overall macroeconomic climate as reflected in the real exchange rate, and the quality of trade related logistics are far more important in the expansion of South‐South network trade. Originality/value This is the first study to examine patterns and determinants of South‐South trade paying attention to the role of global production sharing. The findings are valuable for informing the contemporary policy debate on promoting South‐South trade. The trade data classification system developed here is expected to help further research on this subject.
Analysis and Design of a Reconfigurable 3-DoF Parallel Manipulator for Multimodal Tasks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable 3-DoF parallel kinematics manipulator. The main feature of the device is the ability to change the mobility of its moving platform from pure translation to pure rotation. The manipulator kinematics is conceived so that, when a particular configuration of the manipulator is reached, the transition between the two working modes is possible by changing the configuration of a metamorphic universal joint, which is used to connect the legs of the manipulator with the moving platform. The mechanical design of the joint, which is in fact a lockable spherical joint, is illustrated. With the joint integrated into the robot architecture, an instantaneous overconstrained kinematics is exploited to manage the phase of reconfiguration of the whole mechatronic device. A kineto-static analysis provides information about the influence of geometric parameters on its functional design. The manipulator shows simple kinematics and statics models, as well as good kinematic and static performances. Eventually, the versatility of the manipulator is shown by proposing some advanced manufacturing applications in which it could find use.
Towards a Maturity Model for Empirical Studies of Software Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software testing is an increasingly important part of the software development process. There is a growing realization that measurement and testing, though imperfect, offer perhaps the best approach to ensuring software safety and quality. Unfortunately, there is no conclusive theoretical foundation to guide the practice of software testing and those empirical results which have been reported in the literature often appear to conflict. Though a great deal more empirical evidence is required to facilitate a better understanding of the differences between software testing approaches, it is important to avoid an overwhelming avalanche of incomparable evidence. It is important to establish standards for the conduct of empirical testing studies in order that the results may be compared and that the lessons drawn more widely exploited. This position paper is an attempt to create discussion, with the aim of formulating the first draft of a `maturity model&apos; for empirical studies of software te...
Adherence of <i>Candida albicans</i> Is Inhibited by Yeast Mannan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The adherence of Candida albicans strain NIH A207 to plastic plates was inhibited by the addition of mannan, and plates coated with mannan also inhibited the adherence of C. albicans strains TIMM1768, TIMM2640, and JCM2076. Mannan coated the plastic plates under neutral and acidic conditions, but not under alkaline conditions. These results indicate that C. albicans cannot attach to mannan. Thus mannan-coated medical equipment might be useful to prevent C. albicans adherence.
Development of Germination Salt Tolerance in Pima Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two cycle of recurrent selection for germination salt tolerance has been completed on ten Pima cotton lines. Four of these lines displayed higher germination percentage at 15,500 PPM after the second cycle of selection. This increase in germination ranged from 4% to 8 %. Although this appears to be a small increase we know that gene stabilization for a complex characteristic such as salt tolerance will require several cycles of selection.