jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surviving the Perfect Storm of Diabetes in the World of the Schitsu'umsh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is a significant health problem in the United States which disproportionately affects Native Americans. Despite many new prevention and intervention programs, there has been a prolific increase in the incidence of diabetes among Native Americans. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of Coeur d’Alene tribal members living with type 2 diabetes using a Heideggerian hermeneutic framework. Participants were recruited through the local diabetes educator at the tribal clinic using purposive and snowball sampling. Individual interviews were conducted with ten Coeur d’Alene tribal members whom had type 2 diabetes and were willing to share their stories of about living with diabetes. Participants ranged in age from 26-86. Interviews lasted from 25-90 minutes and focused on gathering stories about their daily life with their diabetes, and barriers and supports to their diabetes self-management. These became the data for hermeneutic interpretations. Individual transcripts were read and reread for initial themes. Next, comparisons between and across transcripts were done through interpretive emersion into the texts. Emerging themes and patterns were brought before a group of qualitative nurse researchers and doctoral students as a means of cross-checking and validating interpretations. Perseverance was the overarching pattern in the stories of living with diabetes in the world of Schitsu’umsh. The four themes that emerged under the umbrella of perseverance were valuing tribal traditions, being inattentively caring, struggling with disease burdens, and experiencing tensions in patient-provider relations. Living with diabetes in the world of the Schitsu’umsh was always a tenuous balancing act. There was an ever present dialectic tension between strengths and barriers underlying their daily struggles for balance. By increasing our understanding of Native American experiences of living with diabetes, collaborative partnerships can be developed with the tribes to address these barriers to diabetes self-management and to develop culturally relevant diabetes education programs. There is also a need to address cultural competence by the health care community and to work at eliminating biases and prejudice in our healthcare system. This work brings new cultural understandings of what it means to live with diabetes in one Native American group.
Clinicopathological Features of Dacryolithiasis in Japanese Patients: Frequent Association with Infection in Aged Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . The purpose of this study is to elucidate the clinicopathological features of dacryolithiasis and prevalence of associated infection in Japanese patients. Materials and Methods . Out of 13,471 outclinic patients from 2006 to 2011, 268 patients were scheduled to be performed dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) due to dacryocystitis with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Actually 266 patients underwent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and two patients were cured by only ophthalmic examination. Dacryoliths were found in 17 cases (6.3%). Among 17 cases of dacryolithiasis, three patients were male, and 14 were female. The age of the patients ranged from 32 to 82 (mean 67) years, and 13 cases (76%) were more than 65 years of age. Pathological examination disclosed the infectious agents in 9 cases (53%), and all patients with infection were more than 65 years of age. Special stains revealed colonies of fungus, suspicious of Aspergillus , in 6 cases and gram-positive rods, and suspicious of Actinomyces , in 3 cases. Conclusions . The current study showed the frequent association of infection with dacryolithiasis in aged Japanese patients. This should be taken into the consideration for the treatment of dacryolithiasis.
Current Scenario of Bauhinia racemosa and Drimia indica as Medicinal Plants and their Future Prospects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants are the important bio-
resources for their pharmaceutical values. In present
investigation the medicinal properties of Bauhinia
racemosa and Drimia indica are studied. In Ayurveda
both these plants are used in different formulations.
Medicinal properties are herewith discussed in following
investigation. The use of nanotechnology and
biotechnology with special reference to highlight their
use in medicine has been discussed.
Pseudo-Chaotic Sequences Generated Using Integer-Number Iterations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A proposed system generates a pseudo-chaotic sequence using integer-number look-up-table (LUT). The current output of LUT is used as LUT input address in the next step. The generated sequence approximates or simulates a chaotic sequence. The main facility of the method is high speed of the generating the main drawback is bounded length of the non-periodic part of the pseudo-chaotic sequence.
Metformin increases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits supraspinatus fatty infiltration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background After a rotator cuff (RC) tendon tear, the supraspinatus (SS) inflammatory response induces fatty infiltration (FI). Metformin has the effect of regulating the initial inflammatory response of atrophic muscles. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin use on modulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and SS FI in an acute RC tear rat model. Methods This study used 26 male Sprague–Dawley rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: The metformin group received metformin for 5 days after cutting the RC tendon, and the control group was administered only with saline after cutting the tendon. Metformin 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 5 days. Three rats in each group were sacrificed 5 days after SS tendon rupture surgery, and 10 rats in each group were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. The SS was sampled 5 days after SS tendon tear surgery, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). On day 14 after sampling, histological analysis of the SS was performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and picosirius red staining. Results On day 5 of surgery, the expression values of interferon gamma (increased 7.2-fold, P < .01), tumor necrosis factor alpha (increased 13-fold, P < .05), interleukin-1β (increased 4.7-fold, P < .001), and interleukin-6 (increased 4.6-fold, P < .01) increased significantly in the metformin group compared with those in the control group. As a result of Oil Red O staining, SS FI was significantly suppressed in the metformin group compared with that in the control group (metformin group, 305 ± 50.3 µm 2 , P < .001; control group, 3136 ± 662.8 µm 2 , P < .001). In addition, the SS volume of the metformin group was not reduced compared with those of the control group, and the morphology and structure of the SS were better preserved. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that metformin can increase the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suppress SS fat infiltration in delayed sutures.
Au coeur de la vie: the Quebec Heart Health Dissemination Project.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

"Au coeur de la vie" is a research project which aims to evaluate the impact of a heart health dissemination program on primary and secondary prevention practices in local community clinics in the province of Quebec, Canada. Because the project starts in 2001 and no data has been collected to date this paper presents the theoretical model, the objectives of the program, the description of the dissemination procedures, and a brief overview of the evaluation.
POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL INCREASES RISK OF HOSPITALIZATION IN URBAN AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH DIABETES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

are more frequent among African Americans, but risk factors are not known. We analyzed data from an urban African American patient population to identify variables associated with hospitalizations attributable principally to di-abetes. Design: Demographic, disease, and metabolic characteristics on patients seen in an out-patient diabetes clinic during 1991 to 1997 were extracted from an electronic patient tracking system. Data were linked to a state-wide hospital discharge dataset to capture all in-state hospitalizations from 1998 to 2001. Persons who required a hospitalization for diabetes were compared to the remainder of individuals in the database. Results: A total of 3397 diabetes patients (average age 56 years; 65 % women; 92% African American) were included in the analysis; 12 % had a hospitalization primarily due to diabetes. Persons with a diabetes hospitalization were younger and had diabetes longer, and fewer were women. In addition, persons who had a diabetes-related hospital-ization had evidence of poorer glycemic control with higher hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. Both the absolute change and rate of decline in HbA1C was less in persons who were hospitalized. In adjusted analyses, dura-tion of diabetes and HbA1C remained signif-icantly associated with risk of a diabetes hospitalization. Conclusions: In this predominantly African American patient sample with diabetes, poorer glycemic control increased the chances of hospitalization due to diabetes. Continued efforts to aggressively control hyperglycemia could decrease the need for a diabetes hospi-
Characteristics of very-low-frequency pulse acoustic fields measured by vector sensor and ocean bottom seismometer in shallow water

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the marine environment, the effects of the seafloor and subbottom elastic media on the propagation of very low frequency (VLF) sound wave should be considered. In order to understand the mechanism of seismoacoustic field propagation, a very-low-frequency sound propagation experiment was conducted in shallow water using seafloor-located acoustic vector sensor and ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) in December 2017. The water depth is about 100 m. Pulse sources detanoted at depths of 7 m and 50 m were employed to emit the VLF signals. Comparing the signals received by OBS with that of the acoustic vector sensor, a narrow-band wave package group at VLF had been observed, which was excited by the interaction of acoustic waves in water with the layered shear seabed. In this paper, the pulse signals are used to analyze the characteristics of sound propagation and spatial correlation, amplitude and phase structure of separated normal modes based on warping transform, horizontal and vertical acoustic energy flow at different ranges. The time arrival structure and time expansion of the elastic-bottom-induced wave package group and its relationship with source distance and depth are also analyzed.
Stachartins A – E, Phenylspirodrimanes from the Tin Mine Tailings‐Associated Fungus Stachybotrys chartarum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Eight phenylspirodrimane‐type analogues, including five new compounds, named stachartins A – E ( 1 , 3 , 6 – 8 ), were isolated from cultures of the tin mine tailings‐associated fungus Stachybotrys chartarum . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D‐ NMR techniques.
Variations in the Abundance, Biodiversity, and Assemblage Structure of Larval Fish in the Restricted Waters of the Wang-an Light Fishery off Penghu, Taiwan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study examined the abundance, biodiversity, and assemblage structure of larval fish inside and outside the restricted fishing zone of the Wang-an light fishery, which is located off Penghu, Taiwan. A total of 97 taxa belonging to 48 families of larval fish were identified through plankton tows conducted during the present investigation. Upeneus japonicus from the Mullidae family emerged as the dominant species in the surveyed area. Diurnal variation in larval fish abundance was evident, with higher abundance observed at night-time than during daytime. However, no significant difference was observed between the larval fish abundance inside and outside the restricted zone. Moreover, fish egg abundance and larval fish biodiversity did not exhibit notable differences between sampling locations or times. Cluster analysis revealed the presence of two groups of seasonal species. The major species in the spring group were Abudefduf vaigiensis and Pomacentrus coelestis, which prefer a low-temperature environment. The major species in the summer group was U. japonicus, which prefers a high-temperature environment. The seasonal succession of water masses under the influence of monsoon activity likely contributed to the observed grouping patterns of larval fish assemblages in the study area. These patterns were closely linked to the marine environmental conditions in this area. The study outcomes provide scientific insights and recommendations regarding the importance and benefits of establishing a restricted fishing zone for sustaining fishery resources.
Alternative variables for computing sideband pulling in atomic frequency standards

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Sideband pulling has long been considered a possible source of frequency bias in atomic frequency standards. We treat a two-level system excited by coherent radiation with amplitude and phase modulation. We create alternative variables to facilitate the second-order solution of the associated time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We extend earlier work to include time-dependent excitation and initial phase dependence.
The relationship between older and younger people's employment in the context of Israel

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is debatable whether or not increasing retirement age is beneficial for the society and economy. Some argue that in order to achieve the fiscal sustainability of social security, retirement-age reform is inevitable. However, opponents express their concerns that the growing number of retirement-age people in the workforce would worsen the unemployment of young people. This is an ongoing, long-lasting debate in many ageing societies, including Israel. Without rigorous understanding of the effects of later retirement, the attempts to raise the share of older workers in the labor market would aggravate the public’s fear on the unemployment of younger people. This study investigates the relationship between older and younger people’s employment. Data for this study are drawn from the National Insurance Institute in Israel, which cover the entire population of Israel. The findings are important in that they provide rigorous empirical evidence for the controversial debate on whether increasing (or eliminating) retirement age is beneficial for the society and economy of Israel. This research has methodological strengths as it uses census data that cover the full population of Israel, and employs an instrumental variable approach to effectively control unmeasured factors. In addition, this research takes an innovative step by fully adapting to the unique situation of Israel. We conclude with several suggestions on the future research and policy implications for an age-friendly, sustainable society.
Skin manifestations in patients with covid-19: A literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In December 2019, cases of pneumonia with unknown cause were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Confirmed cases and death rates due to COVID-19 in the world are still increasing. One part of the body that is affected and causes clinical symptoms in COVID-19 is the skin. This review aims to describe and analyze cutaneous manifestation in COVID-19. This study method is a review of the literature sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed. The literature was selected using English language criteria, using the clinical study method in the form of case reports. Meanwhile, literature review, systematic literature, and meta-analysis were excluded. Journal searches were carried out using the keywords "skin" OR "cutaneous" AND "manifestation" AND "COVID-19" OR "coronavirus". The skin manifestations of COVID-19 have been observed. The most common clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (47%), dry or productive cough (25%), sore throat (16%), generalized sore throat (6%), and pain (5%). However, currently there has been a shift in the approach to diagnosing COVID-19 because it can cause symptoms in other organ systems, one of which is skin manifestations. There are early reports of skin involvement (erythematous rash, extensive urticaria, and chickenpox-like vesicles) occurring in 20% of patients in the course of the COVID-19 disease. In addition, several case reports provide descriptions of petechiae and chilblains. Based on the cases that have been reported, patients with COVID-19 who have manifestations on the skin can give a picture of maculopapular eruptions, vesicular eruptions, petechiae, and also childblains.
Marine heterogeneous multirobot systems at the great Eastern Japan Tsunami recovery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This field report describes two deployments of heterogeneous unmanned marine vehicle teams at the 2011 Great Eastern Japan Earthquake response and recovery by the Center for Robot‐Assisted Search and Rescue (USA) in collaboration with the International Rescue System Institute (Japan). Four remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) were fielded in Minamisanriku and Rikuzentakata from April 18 to 24, 2011, for port clearing and victim recovery missions using sonar and video. The ROVs were used for multirobot operations only 46% of the time due to logistics. The teleoperated ROVs functioned as a dependent team 86% of the time to avoid sensor interference or collisions. The deployment successfully reopened the Minamisanriku New Port area and searched areas prohibited to divers in Rikuzentakata. The IRS‐CRASAR team planned to return from October 18 to 28, 2011, with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and an ROV to conduct debris mapping for environmental remediation missions. The intent was to investigate an interdependent strategy by which the UAV and AUV would rapidly conduct low‐resolution scans identifying areas of interest for further investigation by the ROV. The UAV and AUV could not be used; however, the ROV was able to cover 80,000 m 2 in 6 h, finding submerged wreckage and pollutants in areas previously marked clear by divers. The field work (i) showed that the actual and planned multirobot system configurations did not fall neatly into traditional taxonomies, (ii) identified a new measure, namely perceptual confidence, and (iii) posed five open research questions for multirobot systems operating in littoral regions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T cell vaccination in multiple sclerosis: hopes and facts.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Six MS-patients were inoculated three times with autologous attenuated MBP-specific T cell clones at two month intervals. No toxic effects were observed. After the third inoculation the precursor frequency of the MBP-specific T cells dropped to undetectable levels in all patients. Injection of attenuated MBP-specific T cells gave rise to a pronounced response of anti-clonotypic T cells and a limited anti-ergotypic response. The anti-clonotypic T cells proliferated in the presence of the vaccine clones and were inhibitory and cytotoxic for the same vaccine clones. This clinical trial shows for the first time that antigen specific T cell vaccination in humans is feasible. The results obtained are highly promising for future treatments of Multiple Sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.
A new species of Heleanna (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) injurious to Garcinia subelliptica (Guttiferae) in the Ryukyus, Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heleanna fukugi Nasu, n. sp., the larvae of which cause damage to Garcinia subelliptica Merr., is described from Japan (Ryukyu). The adult, genitalia and immature stages are illustrated. The biology is briefly summarized.
The Effect of Nigella Sativa on Cardio-Metabolic Parameters: A Protocol for A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for 44% of all deaths. Among natural alternatives, Nigella sativa (NS) exert beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic factors. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aimed to identify all the findings relevant to the effects of NS on cardio-metabolic factors among adults. Methods: This study was prepared according to PRISMA-P checklist based on Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. An initial literature search was conducted in various databases using MeSH terms and related synonyms. Trials examining the effects of NS versus control group were included. Main outcomes consisted of blood pressure, lipid and glycemic factors, and atherogenic indices. Seven reviewers independently evaluated titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts, extracted information, and assessed the risk of bias. Methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADE system, while Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for non-randomized studies. Continuous data of homogeneous studies were meta-analyzed via STATA. Mean differences were calculated as the effect size with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed. Conclusion: The quality of both randomized and non-randomized studies was assessed. The evidence from this study can provide information for future clinical trials.
Modified Korteweg-de Vries solitons at supercritical densities in two-electron temperature plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The supercritical composition of a plasma model with cold positive ions in the presence of a two-temperature electron population is investigated, initially by a reductive perturbation approach, under the combined requirements that there be neither quadratic nor cubic nonlinearities in the evolution equation. This leads to a unique choice for the set of compositional parameters and a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) with a quartic nonlinear term. The conclusions about its one-soliton solution and integrability will also be valid for more complicated plasma compositions. Only three polynomial conservation laws can be obtained. The mKdV equation with quartic nonlinearity is not completely integrable, thus precluding the existence of multi-soliton solutions. Next, the full Sagdeev pseudopotential method has been applied and this allows for a detailed comparison with the reductive perturbation results. This comparison shows that the mKdV solitons have slightly larger amplitudes and widths than those obtained from the more complete Sagdeev solution and that only slightly superacoustic mKdV solitons have acceptable amplitudes and widths, in the light of the full solutions.