jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Delegation Theory of Judicial Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper offers an interpretive theory which aims to make sense of judicial review doctrine in light of its underlying rationale. The idea that administrators are delegates of Parliament or the Crown lies at the heart of this theory. The paper argues that the best internal rationale for judicial review doctrine is that it holds administrators to their moral duties qua delegates of Parliament or the Crown. This rationale closely fits legal doctrine, including the grounds of review and the scope of review; it reveals the underlying coherence of the law; it shows how the law is supported by some moral reasons; and it closely reflects judicial reasoning. The delegation theory is valuable for normative, predictive, reformatory and pedagogical reasons. It can provide guidance to judges, help to predict how they will decide, help to assess the law, help to evaluate reform proposals and enhance understanding of judicial review amongst administrators, legal practitioners and students.
Changes of Insulin and Somatostatin Expression in Rabbit Pancreas during the Postnatal Development Period and Its Significance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the expression and distribution features of insulin(Ins) and somatostatin(SST) in rabbit pancreas during the postnatal development period.Methods: Pancreas of rabbits respectively aged 5,25,35,60 and 90 days were taken to prepare serial sections.The localization and expression of Ins and SST in immunoreactive(IR) cells were detected with SABC staining method and image analysis method.Results: Many deeply stained Ins-IR-cell and SST-IR-cell mass were found in 5 days after birth.The mean grey values of Ins-IR cells ascended(P0.05) and then declined during 25 d to 90 d.The mean grey values of SST-IR cells were highest on the 25th day,and decreased gradually along with the growth of rabbits.NA of Ins-IR cells and SST-IR cells in islets were highest on the 25th day(P0.05).Conclusions: The expressions of Ins and SST change with the growth of rabbits,which suggests that Ins and SST may participate in the maturation process of pancreas endocrine function during the postnatal developmental period.
Transportation Capital in the United States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study introduces a new general equilibrium approach to evaluate economic impact of public transportation capital stock in the United States. By treating public transportation capital as separated factor accounts, the model enables us to assess the economic impact of public transportation stock for four modes: road, air, transit, and water transportation. The study provides a direct and easy way for policy maker and transportation planning practitioner to compare social and economic benefits of different modes of public transportation. Findings reveal that road stock has the highest contribution to the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and levels of social welfare; public transit and other ground passenger transportation have the least impact on the U.S. economy among the four modes.
[Gene therapy in surgical sport medicine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The application of gene therapy to sports medicine is in its infancy, but it holds much promise as a novel procedure to improve the clinical management of sports injuries. Gene therapy will be particularly useful in initiating and accelerating the repair of cartilage, meniscus, tendon, and ligament. Several growth factors and other cytokines have been identified as important mediators of a successful healing process. Such molecules have promise as novel agents for the treatment of sports injuries, but there is presently no clinically useful way to deliver them. Gene transfer may be used to serve this purpose. Gene therapy functions as a type of local biological drug delivery system. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of transferring marker genes to synovium, chondrocytes, meniscal fibrochondrocytes, tenocytes and ligamental fibroblasts, prompting optimism about the eventual success of this approach.
Enhancing Couple Coping and Adjustment to Cancer

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cancer diagnosis and treatment affects the psychological wellbeing of both patients and their partners. Couples who adapt well to their cancer experience are said to engage in “couple-coping”, a process of conjoint coping and mutual support that forges a shared approach to managing the stressors they encounter. However, most psycho-oncology interventions focus on assisting the patients alone to cope with cancer. Little is known about how to help couples develop a unified stand against cancer, or whether couples who cope as a team are more successful in re-claiming their lives after cancer than patients who wage a solo battle. The present study examined the efficacy of promoting couple coping compared to enhancing the patients’ coping alone. Ninety-four married women with early stage cancer and their partners were randomly assigned to couple-based coping and support training (CanCOPE), individual coping training for the woman, or a medical education control. Couples’ observed support communication, and self-reported psychological distress, coping-effort and sexual adjustment were assessed at diagnosis, after cancer surgery, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Relative to the other conditions, CanCOPE produced significant improvements in couples’ supportive communication, reduced psychological distress and coping effort, and improved sexual adjustment. Training in couple coping rather than individual coping was more effective in facilitating adaptation to cancer. The findings have practical implications for the delivery of psychological support services to women with cancer, as well as broader theoretical implications for the way models of stress and coping have traditionally been conceptualised.
Can Lorentz relativistic mass explain the lack of velocity time dilation in quasars?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Researchers in standard gravity theory and cosmology seldom take into account Lorentz relativistic mass. The dismissal of Lorentz relativistic mass by the research community has happened without first properly investigating what predictions incorporating it in gravity models have led to. We show that the inclusion of Lorentz relativistic mass in some gravity theories has a dramatic impact on the predicted redshift from objects with high gravitational field such as stellar objects fitting the mathematical properties of black holes. Taking into account Lorentz relativistic mass provides diverse interpretations of quasars and many other objects. As relevant example, it may explain the lack of observed velocity time dilation in quasars.
Corrosion Rate Measurements of Steel in Carbonated Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The polarization resistance of steel bars in concrete after exposure to several environments, as measured by the potential step method, was compared to the actual mass losses of the bars. Each test sample consist of two steel bars embedded in concrete blocks, which were carbonated and exposed to one of several environments, outdoors, indoors, underground, in tunnel, or in water, for one year. Electrochemical measurements of these samples by using the potential step method were carried out at least once a week. The polarization resistance data thus obtained were changed into corrosion currents and mass losses. These calculated mass losses were compared with the actual mass losses of the rods. In some cases, such as indoors, outdoors or in tunnel, the corrosion rate of steel is determined by the amount of water in the concrete. In other cases, such as underground or in water, the oxygen supply determines the corrosion rate. This work demonstrate that in former condition, the potential step method can be used to measure the corrosion rate of steel easily and quickly.
Sentetik CpG oligodeoksinükleotid / katyonik peptid komplekslerinin immün sitimülan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Synthetic CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are recognized by Toll like Receptor 9 (TLR9) and induce a strong pro-inflamatory immune response. To date, four different CpG ODN classes have been described. K-Class ODNs (also known as B-ODN) are potent B cell activators and stimulate TNF secretion from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). D-Class ODNs (also known as A-ODNs) are the strongest stimulators of IFNa but suffer from GMP production problems through formation of undesirable multimeric structures, preventing their entry into clinical trials. In our study, conventional K-ODNs and cationic peptides TAT (+8) and LL37 (+6) were self-assembled to form nanoparticles. In contrast to free ODN, nanoparticles of sufficient stability stimulate IFNα production from both human and mouse cells. CpG ODN/peptide complexes were also shown to be good adjuvant candidates for vaccines in mouse and provide longer lasting immunity and better protection against a viral disease.
Telugu letters dataset and parallel deep convolutional neural network with a SGD optimizer model for TCR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Because of the rapid growth in technology breakthroughs, including multimedia and cell phones, Telugu character recognition (TCR) has recently become a popular study area. It is still necessary to construct automated and intelligent online TCR models, even if many studies have focused on offline TCR models. The Telugu character dataset construction and validation using an Inception and ResNet-based model are presented. The collection of 645 letters in the dataset includes 18 Achus, 38 Hallus, 35 Othulu, 34×16 Guninthamulu, and 10 Ankelu. The proposed technique aims to efficiently recognize and identify distinctive Telugu characters online. This model's main pre-processing steps to achieve its goals include normalization, smoothing, and interpolation. Improved recognition performance can be attained by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to optimize the model's hyperparameters.</p>
Polystictina maculata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

41. Polystictina maculata (Moore, 1879) Heterocampa maculata Moore, 1879; In Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colin, late Mr. W. S. Atkinson 1: 60. TL. Darjeeling (West Bengal, India). Material examined. India: 5 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 12.VII.2016, 25.VII.2019; leg. JS Irungbam. Distribution. India: West Bengal, Sikkim, NE India (Chandra et al. 2018); Arunachal Pradesh (Sondhi et al. 2021); Manipur (in the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal (Sugi 1992); China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam (Schintlmeister 2008); Laos (Kobayashi 2020).
Spectrum of malignancy in mixed tumors of salivary gland: A morphological and immunohistochemical review of 23 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignancy arising in mixed tumors of the salivary gland is a distinct entity that can occur sporadically or in association with a background of pleomorphic adenoma. Carcinoma arising with a background of pleomorphic adenoma is well documented. However, there are rare occurrences of aggressive de novo carcinosarcomas of the parotid that have been reported. Various cell lineages such as the epithelial glandular cells and the stromal spindle cells are involved. We report 23 cases of tumors of the salivary gland comprising 18 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, four cases of carcinosarcoma of the parotid and one case of benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. The occurrence of various malignancies suggests that this phenomenon is not very uncommon and should be looked for when reporting a mixed tumor.
Cellular and plasma kinetics of daunorubicin given by two methods of administration in a patient with acute leukemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Leukemic cell and plasma concentrations of daunorubicin were examined serially in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following administration of the drug by two different regimens: regimen A-an iv bolus dose of 50 mg/m2, and regimen B-a loading dose of 15 mg/m2 followed by 35 mg/m2 infused over 4 hours. Peak plasma levels were four times higher after regimen A the B, whereas leukemic cell concentrations were not significantly different. No difference in acute toxicity or therapeutic efficacy was seen after either method of administration. However, we have demonstrated that peak plasma levels of daunorubicin can be reduced by continuous infusion without significantly altering target tissue concentrations.
Defected Ground Structure Based High Gain, Wideband and High Diversity Performance Quad-element MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-wave Communication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a planar compact grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW)-fed 4-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array with a defected ground structure (DGS) is demonstrated for the fifth generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication.Each element of the GCPW-fed mmWave MIMO antenna array contains a deformed pentagon-shaped radiating patch etched with a pair of identical circular slots in top surface and a DGS in bottom surface.To maintain low design complexity and compactness, a DGS is introduced and formed by embedding dual asymmetrical inverted T-shaped slots in the partial ground plane which enhance the gain and bandwidth of the antenna.The equivalent circuit model of the proposed DGS loaded GCPW-fed antenna is realized and presented.The proposed 4-element mmWave MIMO antenna array is realized by arranging the 4 identical antenna elements horizontally in a row with a distinct gap without any decoupling structure.It has the size of 1.02λ × 3.86λ × 0.021λ (at 25.66 GHz) and exhibits the measured bandwidth of 49.62% (25.30-42.0GHz) with a peak gain of 12.02 dBi.Furthermore, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.0014, isolation > 24 dB between antenna elements, and channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.29 bits/sec/Hz of the mmWave MIMO antenna array are attained over the entire mmWave frequency band.
Isolated fracture of a cervical rib: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of isolated fracture of a cervical rib in a young woman is presented. The mechanism of injury was direct blunt trauma. Histological examination showed changes compatible with a previous fracture of the cervical rib. Literature concerning the incidence, complications and removal of these ribs is reviewed. Closely associated with this anomaly is the thoracic outlet syndrome, a differential diagnosis of which is given.
Supporting patients following pelvic radiotherapy for endometrial cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Endometrial cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in the UK. Affected women often live with long-term complex and debilitating side-effects of radiotherapy treatment, such as bowel toxicity, fatigue and psychosexual problems. Women also experience negative feelings around self-image and sexuality, which contribute to a decline in their quality of life. A review of the literature and national policy showed that women had unmet needs after completing radiotherapy treatment for endometrial cancers, and that cancer nurse specialists are in a prime position to deliver a holistic package of personalised care. Staff at a nurse-led gynaecology oncology clinic performed an audit that found the clinic was not meeting the longer-term needs of most women after radiotherapy for endometrial cancers, and that women were attending multiple appointments to access different services. The clinical nurse specialist reviewed local and national policy, carried out situational analysis and engaged with service users to identify where change was needed and to examine whether a new model of service provision, where patients could consult different professionals at one appointment, would help them move forward in life after treatment.
Introducing Various Semantic Models for Amharic: Experimentation and Evaluation with Multiple Tasks and Datasets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The availability of different pre-trained semantic models has enabled the quick development of machine learning components for downstream applications. However, even if texts are abundant for low-resource languages, there are very few semantic models publicly available. Most of the publicly available pre-trained models are usually built as a multilingual version of semantic models that will not fit well with the need for low-resource languages. We introduce different semantic models for Amharic, a morphologically complex Ethio-Semitic language. After we investigate the publicly available pre-trained semantic models, we fine-tune two pre-trained models and train seven new different models. The models include Word2Vec embeddings, distributional thesaurus (DT), BERT-like contextual embeddings, and DT embeddings obtained via network embedding algorithms. Moreover, we employ these models for different NLP tasks and study their impact. We find that newly-trained models perform better than pre-trained multilingual models. Furthermore, models based on contextual embeddings from FLAIR and RoBERTa perform better than word2Vec models for the NER and POS tagging tasks. DT-based network embeddings are suitable for the sentiment classification task. We publicly release all the semantic models, machine learning components, and several benchmark datasets such as NER, POS tagging, sentiment classification, as well as Amharic versions of WordSim353 and SimLex999.
The Cross-Linguistic Influences of Third Language Acquisition in Refusal Speech Act

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the process of language acquisition, the cultural environment has an impact on the learning process.People who use multiple languages will also have different usage habits when they use different languages.For students, learning a new language in a multilingual environment will also let them have a certain impact on language learning.Therefore, the main purpose of this project is to study the influence of the second language and mother tongue on the learning process when the second language is used to learn the third language.This paper will use interviews to collect data, in which the interview will set up scenarios for participants to respond.Respondents' language usage habits due to multiple language environments can be reflected in these answers.These answers will be used as data to be analyzed.We hypothesize that Chinese people tend to use indirect rejection strategies rather than direct rejection strategies.Also, Chinese people tend to use rationality, choice statements, and regret strategies.And after completing the experiment, the conclusion drawn is consistent with the original hypothesis.
A Case of Frey's Operation for Obstructive Jaundice Caused by the Incarceration of Pancreatic Stones in the Ampulla of Papilla of Vater

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic stones and choledocholithiasis. The endoscopic procedure was unsuccessful. We performed surgical transduodenal papillotomy and removal of an incarcerated stone of 15 mm in diameter. The stone was a pancreatic stone and there were many other pancreatic stones in the dilated duct and parenchyma of the head and untinate process of the pancreas. We therefore performed coring out the head of the pancreas with side to side pancreaticojejunostomy (Frey's procedure). The incarceration of pancreatic stones in biliary system is very rare, but we should consider the possibility of this situation in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in patients with pancreatolithiasis.
[DNA-polyintercalation compounds. Synthesis of ellipticine dimers].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many symmetrical bis [9-methoxy 2-ellipticinium] dioxodiazaalkanes salts were synthesized from 9-methoxy ellipticine. An analog derivative of 9-hydroxy ellipticine was also prepared. Some of these dimers bind to DNA by a bifunctionnal mode of intercalation.
Implementation of the 'Ali Method on the Ability to Read the Qur'an in Parents

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes the Ali method's effect on older people's ability to read the Quran. The approach used in this research is classroom action research. The population used in this research was the parents of the Gelora Muttaqin Mosque Al-Quran Terrace participants, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique used in this research was Tajwid and Makhraj's assessment sheets. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is the difference test. The results of this study indicate that the Ali Method significantly affects older people's ability to read the Al-Qur'an, especially in terms of tajwid and Makhraj. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the 'Ali Method has a positive effect on the ability to read the Al-Qur'an, meaning that the better the 'Ali Method is used, the more it will improve the ability to read the Al-Qur'an' in parents.
Failure Mechanisms of Polymeric Medical Devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical devices manufactured today typically require a number of different components and materials. Commonly, mass-produced devices utilize biocompatible polymers for their external surfaces. In this article, we discuss common failure mechanisms of polymers and a number of contributing factors, related to both the use and manufacturing of these devices. Reprocessing and cleaning of reusable medical devices can also contribute to their failures when incompatible substances or techniques are used. Thorough postmarket reporting of any medical device failure can allow enhancements of the device to be made and will ultimately improve patient safety.
List of figures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anti-computing explores forgotten histories and contemporary forms of dissent – moments when the imposition of computational technologies, logics, techniques, imaginaries, utopias have been questioned, disputed, or refused. It also asks why these moments tend to be forgotten. What is it about computational capitalism that means we live so much in the present? What has this to do with computational logics and practices themselves?This book addresses these issues through a critical engagement with media archaeology and medium theory and by way of a series of original studies; exploring Hannah Arendt and early automation anxiety, witnessing and the database, Two Cultures from the inside out, bot fear, singularity and/as science fiction. Finally, it returns to remap long-standing concerns against new forms of dissent, hostility, and automation anxiety, producing a distant reading of contemporary hostility.At once an acute response to urgent concerns around toxic digital cultures, an accounting with media archaeology as a mode of medium theory, and a series of original and methodologically fluid case studies, this book crosses an interdisciplinary research field including cultural studies, media studies, medium studies, critical theory, literary and science fiction studies, media archaeology, medium theory, cultural history, technology history.