jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fast evaluation and dynamic control of integrated services networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Integrated services networks, such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks, are expected to operate at gigabit per second rates and provide various virtual-circuit and datagram services. For this purpose, new control algorithms (e.g. scheduling, admission, routing) have been proposed. The algorithms are often adaptive, resulting in complex time-dependent interactions. This renders traditional evaluation tools ineffective; analytical approaches are typically too coarse, and simulation approaches are often too expensive. The goal of our research is to develop accurate analytical models that account for the interaction and time-dependent nature of the control algorithms, while at the same time being inexpensive or easy to solve. This would allow the rapid and tractable evaluation of different design alternatives.
In this dissertation, we develop both dynamic models and quasi-static models of integrated networks. Dynamic models can be used to evaluate both virtual-circuit and datagram services. We solve dynamic models using a new iterative method, referred to as the Z-iteration. Our method is both accurate and fast. It permits the joint evaluation of various scheduling, admission, and routing schemes used in integrated networks. We show results comparing dynamic routing schemes on a network with NSFNET-backbone topology. We also illustrate the applicability of the Ziteration to other high-performance systems.
Quasi-static models are suitable for evaluating datagram services for which the quasi-static assumption is reasonable. We analyze a quasi-static model of a datagram network offering different classes of service. We apply the Liapunov function method to derive stability conditions for the routes of the different traffic classes. We show how with scheduling support for routing, the routes of the traffic classes can be isolated, thereby improving the overall network performance.
Studies on the factors that govern directionality of axonal growth in the embryonic optic nerve and at the chiasm of mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract What are the forces residing at the presumptive chiasm of embryonic mice that control the directionality (i.e., side specificity) of the optic axons? In an attempt to answer this question, the overall trajectories of individual fascicles of early growing axons and the various environments that they encounter along their pathway have been charted from the eye through the nerve and into the base of the diencephalon. Serial sections and reconstructive computer graphic techniques were used for the analysis. The early optic axons (embryonic (E) day 13.5) arrive at the chiasm in a stereotyped topographic arrangement. However, the fiber array at the primitive chiasm is not retinotopically organized nor is it maintained with the same level of spatial precision as it is at the disc. Thus, the annular, inverted retinotopic contingent of “pioneering” axons that exists in the primitive nerve becomes reorganized at the chiasm into a crescent‐shaped configuration, with fascicles from ventrotemporal and ventronasal retina at either side of the crescent and with fascicles from dorsal retina interposed. Because of their gross locations in the crescent, particular clusters of fibers, each largely originating from different retinal sectors, but “contaminated” with fibers from other regions, come in contact with different types of nonneuronal structures at the chiasm. One, a dense, knotlike glial formation that lies along the margin of the diencephalic‐telencephalic junction, directs all adjacent (ventronasal) fibers contralaterally. The other, a discrete pathway of lengthy marginal glial processes, separated by an anastomotic system of large extracellular spaces, guides all nearby fibers from ventrotemporal retina ipsilaterally. The results suggest that fiber topography as well as local environmental factors may play important roles in guiding axons at the chiasm.
Feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for lower rectal tumors with hemorrhoids

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM:To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for lower rectal lesions with hemorrhoids. METHODS:The outcome of ESD for 23 lesions with hemorrhoids (hemorrhoid group) was compared with that of 48 lesions without hemorrhoids extending to the dentate line (non-hemorrhoid group) during the same study period. RESULTS:Median operation times (ranges) in the hemorrhoid and non-hemorrhoid groups were 121 (51-390) and 130 (28-540) min.The en bloc resection rate and the curative resection rate in the hemorrhoid group were 96% and 83%, and they were 100% and 90% in the non-hemorrhoid group, respectively.In terms of adverse events, perforation and postoperative bleeding did not occur in both groups.In terms of the clinical course of hemorrhoids after ESD, the rate of complete recovery of hemorrhoids after ESD in lesions with resection of more than 90% was significantly higher than that in lesions with resection of less than 90%.
2036-LB: How CGM Use Affects Diabetes-Related Attitudes and Behaviors in People with T2D—A Qualitative Investigation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: A recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated greater improvements in patient-reported engagement with diabetes self-care and glycemic control in new Freestyle Libre 3 (FSL3) users than standard glucose monitor users. We aimed to qualitatively explore how continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) led to these behavioral and glycemic changes. Methods: Adults with T2D on basal or non-insulin treatment in the FSL3 arm of the RCT were invited to complete in-depth semi-structured interviews at study end (3 months). Interview questions focused on the impact of CGM on diabetes-related attitudes, changes in quality of life and lifestyle behaviors, and post-CGM changes, and were refined as themes emerged. Thematic analysis was employed to identify, analyze, and interpret attitudinal and behavioral patterns, using a combined inductive and deductive approach. A coding system was developed; 2 independent reviewers coded each interview, and a 3rd party reviewed disparities until consensus was reached. Results: Thirty-one participants were interviewed (67% of FSL3 study arm). Key attitudinal changes resulting from CGM use included: T2D now seeming more “real” or “visible” (n=29, 94%), effective decision-making now seeming more possible (n=21, 68%), and enhanced self-efficacy (n=20, 65%). Of note, enhanced self-efficacy was associated with positive HbA1c change over the study period (p=.02). Key CGM-induced behavioral changes included marked improvements in diet (n=26, 84%), physical activity (n=11, 35%), and medication use (n=6, 19%). At study end, almost all participants (n=29, 94%) were interested in continuing CGM, but n=23 (74%) reported they could not do so, primarily due to cost concerns; of this latter group, 12 (52%) reported regressing to pre-study behaviors. Conclusion: These findings provide critical insight into how FSL3 can positively impact engagement with diabetes self-management and glycemic control, and highlight the importance of continuing to ensure broad access to CGM technology. Disclosure W.H. Polonsky: Consultant; Abbott. Research Support; Abbott. Consultant; Dexcom, Inc. Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. Other Relationship; Ascensia Diabetes Care. T. Clark: None. E.C. Soriano: None. M. Chichmarenko: None. H. Sandoval: None. A. Bastian: None. A.L. Fortmann: None. A. Kwist: Employee; Abbott. F. Levrat-Guillen: Employee; Abbott. Funding This study was funded by Abbott
Asymmetric Mannich\nReaction of Isatin-Derived Ketimines\nwith α‑Fluoroindanones Catalyzed by a Chiral Phase-Transfer\nCatalyst

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A highly\nenantioselective Mannich reaction of α-fluoroindanones\nwith isatin-derived <i>N</i>-Boc-ketimines catalyzed by\na quinine-derived phase-transfer catalyst was developed. A variety\nof 3-substituted 3-amino-2-oxindoles bearing fluorine-containing,\nvicinal, tetrasubstituted stereocenters were constructed using this\nprotocol in high yields (83–95%), with moderate to excellent\nenantioselectivities (66–91%) and high diastereoselectivities\n(up to >99:1).
Assay of Micronuclei in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes as a Biological Indicator of Radiation Dose

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chromosomal aberration analysis (CA) has regularly been used as a biological dosemeter to evaluate suspected overexposures to ionising radiations. Recently, the micronucleus (MN) assay has been suggested as an alternative method. An attempt has been made to explore the dose response parameters of MN assay in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes. Whole blood was irradiated with 60Co gamma rays or 250 kVp X rays. A dose-dependent increase in micronuclei yield was observed. The dose response could be best described by a linear-quadratic relationship for both gamma rays and X rays. The a and ß coefficients were found to be 1.9 x 10-2 Gy-1 and 5.7 x 10-2 Gy-2 for gamma rays and 6.3 x 10-2 Gy-1 and 4.3 x 10-2 Gy-2 for X rays, respectively. In the low dose region X rays were three times more efficient in inducing micronuclei. The background value derived for 25 samples from healthy individuals ranged from 6-18 micronuclei per 1000 cells, with a mean value of 12 ± 4 x 10-3. Biological dose estimates for individuals exposed in the range 0.1-1 Gy made by MN and CA methods yielded similar results for doses (0.5 Gy. Due to the uncertainties in the background incidence of MN, at present this technique cannot provide reliable estimates at low doses.
Serum extracellular vesicles—a promising path towards an individualized medicine in primary sclerosing cholangitis and related cholangiocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the biliary tract system, whose mechanisms of pathogenesis remain elusive. Most importantly, PSC is considered a major medical burden due to its premalignant nature (1). Malignant complications in PSC frequently occur within the hepatobiliary system, arising predominately as cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) (2).
Morphological and Physiological Changes under NaCl Stress in Some Pyrus and Quince Rootstocks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, the aim was to determine some morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in non-grafted plants of OHxF 97, OHxF 333, Fox 11, and BA 29 rootstocks under NaCl stress. NaCl (0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM, and 80 mM) was applied to the rootstocks planted in 18-liter pots with irrigation water repeated over two years. Under NaCl stress, plant height, plant diameter, and leaf area decreased in all rootstocks. Additionally, Fox 11 and BA 29 rootstocks were more adversely affected by NaCl stress to leaf necrosis. The amounts of chl a, chl b, and total chl decreased in Fox 11 rootstock with moderate and severe stress treatments. Carotenoid content in the leaves, especially under severe stress conditions, showed a decrease in Pyrus rootstocks. Under NaCl stress, the leaves of Fox 11 were rich in proline. MDA content generally increased with NaCl stress compared to the control in Fox 11 and BA 29. Although significant changes in plant nutrients were generally not observed with NaCl, a significant decrease in the amount of K+ in the leaves of Fox 11 was identified. Consequently, Fox 11 and BA 29 rootstocks exhibit sensitivity to NaCl stress, whereas OHxF rootstocks demonstrate greater tolerance.
Contribution of Principals’ Instructional Leadership on Learners’ Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Baringo County, Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of principals' instructional leadership practices in enhancing quality instructional activities in public schools in Baringo County, Kenya.The target population was 6901 Form Four students, 1266 teachers, and 140 principals, during the 2017-2020 school years, 6(six) Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (SCQASOs) and 1(one) County Director of Education (CDE).The study adopted descriptive survey research design.Stratified random sampling technique was applied to sample 30% of each of the categories of the study populations.The sample consisted of 2,070 students, 380 teachers, 42 school principals, six SCQASOs and CDE.The research instruments were questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides.The quantitative statistics used included frequencies, means, percentages and standard deviations and the results presented using tables and charts.Qualitative data were thematically clustered in relation to the objectives of the study.The study found that principals were not up to date in their mandate since they gave less emphasis on some key issues such as: class-visits, inspection and approval of teachers' lesson plans, inspection and approval of teachers' lesson notes and inspection and approval of students' lesson notes.The study recommended that principals should be thorough in their instructional leadership responsibility by ensuring that teachers are up to date in their preparation and delivery of content.The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the body of knowledge on how to improve instructional leadership in educational institutions.
CONTEMPORARY MONITORING OF SEISMIC EVENTS FROM THE LOP NOR TEST SITE AREA BASED ON DATA FROM IGR RK NETWORK

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of seismic events in the vicinity of Lop Nor nuclear test site (PCR) and its adjacent areas. The quality of determination of main parameters of seismic events in this area (time in epicenter and event magnitude) was compared based on bulletins of Kazakhstan National Data Center (KNDC) and China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC). The presence of quarry explosions was detected from the Lop Nor test site area in KNDC seismic bulletin. Based on the space images, coal quarries were detected on the site’s territory; in these quarries ndustrial explosions of a small yield can be carried out.
Morphological, chemical and in vitro stover quality traits to predict the livestock productivity potential of pearl millet stover

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work relates to a wide array of morphological, chemical and in vitro measurements to the organic matter digestibility (OMD), organic matter intake (OMI), digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and nitrogen balance (accretion or loss of nitrogen) of 34 pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes in relation to livestock productivity involving sheep. The total number of 34 treatments from eight cultivars is accounted for by varying soil condition (black versus red soil), stage of harvest (physiological versus full maturity) and design of experimental varieties (dual purpose-, high grain yield-, high stover digestibility-, and high stover nitrogen variety) from cultivar ICMV 221 through two cycles of recurrent selections. The differences in OMD, OMI, the product of the two, ie, DOMI and nitrogen balance observed in the sheep fed on 34 pearl millet stovers were highly (P <0.0001) significant. Differences in pearl millet cultivars and stover quality were consistently observed within comparable trial layouts (soils, harvest dates and experimental varieties). Simple correlations between these traits and OMD, OMI, DOMI and nitrogen balance are reported. It is concluded that the combination of morphological, chemical and/or in vitro measurements, using stepwise multiple regression procedures, did improve the prediction of OMI, DOMI and nitrogen balance.
Land Use and Urban Floods in Developing Countries

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban development in developing countries usually occurs with high population concentration in small areas, poor public transportation, lack of water facilities, polluted air and stormwater and floods impacts. Lack of integrated management of water supply, sewage, total solids, urban drainage and flood plain lies at origin of the problems. The main types of floods which may impact urban areas are: Due to urbanisation: floods related to the increase of impermeable areas and man-made drainage facilities, such as conduits and channels; Due to flood plain occupation: when no reliable urban planning and regulation exists, population occupies the flood plain, usually after a sequence of low flood years. When a larger flood occurs, damage is very high and the municipality is requested to invest in flood protection for those areas. Flood management is highly dependent on land use development. In many developing countries, the Urban Master Plan is mainly a compilation of tendencies of spontaneous occupation due to social and economics conditions. Understanding these aspects is fundamental to develop a sound flood management. These aspects are discussed, together with some Brazilian case studies.
Spent Fuel Assembly Modeling for Unattended Gamma Emission Tomography (UGET) Project

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

of spent fuel assemblies. Since August 2013, a set of measurement campaigns has been conducted at the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab), in collaboration with Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB). A purpose of the measurement campaigns was to acquire passive gamma spectra with high-purity germanium and lanthanum bromide scintillation detectors from Pressurized Water Reactor and Boiling Water Reactor spent fuel assemblies. The absolute 137Cs count rate and the 154Eu/137Cs, 134Cs/137Cs, 106Ru/137Cs, and 144Ce/137Cs isotopic ratios were extracted; these values were used to construct corresponding model functions (which describe each measured quantity's behavior over various combinations of burnup, cooling time, and initial enrichment) and then were used to determine those same quantities in each measured spent fuel assembly. Finally, the results obtained in comparison with the operator declared values, as well as the methodology developed, are discussed in detail in the paper.
THE EFFECTIVNESS OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATION USING PEARSON GLOBAL ENGLISH CURRICULUM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today’s world of competition undoubtedly, English communication skills has recently become one of the most controversial issues and a focal-point in the success of students it is of utmost importance. English language is recognized as a most suitable medium of exchanging our thought process and delivering the knowledge, skills, talent etc, to other part of the world. So in this regard, this research is conducted to examine the effectiveness and efficacy of English communication at college level. Successful implementation of English communication workshop will be of great benefit to the students, and can reap the benefit of increasing their skills, talent and experience through better workshop, training and classes obtaining higher quality knowledge gaining access to information and student satisfaction and above all, ensuring long lasting success of students. The main objective behind this research is to inspect the faculty’s Perception on the training module provided by Pearson Training Curriculum at GITS. In this study researches takes some parameter that influence the satisfaction among faculty members. Tests to be used in this research are Reliability test, frequency distribution, descriptive analysis and One-sample t-test.
An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon: Wherein Different Questions of Rational Philosophy Are Treated

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although often neglected, An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon is crucial to understand the epistemological basis for Maistre's critique of modern science as well as his criticisms of other aspects of Enlightenment thought. Given Maistre's stature in the history of conservative thought, his critique of Bacon remains significant for what it tells us about Maistre's own thought, what it reveals about attitudes toward science in his time, and what it contributes to issues that are still debated today. The work also showcases Maistre's polemical skills and his powerful prose style. Richard Lebrun's annotated translation includes Maistre's complete text, an extensive introduction that places the work in context and provides a critical exposition and assessment of Maistre's criticisms of Bacon, biographical notes on persons cited or mentioned by Maistre, and a bibliography. Differences between Maistre's manuscript and the printed text, first published fifteen years after the author's death, are noted, and Maistre's numerous citations have been identified, verified, and translated, making this the only authoritative and fully accurate edition of the work in either French or English.
Local Intermediaries, Local Democratization, and Political Party Organizations in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The previous chapter developed the argument that the implementation of local democratization offers government elites who lack access to effective party organizational networks, or who face competition for control over these networks, an alternative avenue for establishing a base of effective intermediaries at the local level. In subsequent chapters, I show empirical support for the argument using qualitative and quantitative evidence from India as well as from across the developing world. This chapter provides information on several aspects of the Indian context that help in the interpretation of the evidence presented in subsequent chapters. Using field interviews and secondary sources, the chapter shows how and why the scope conditions underlying the theoretical argument that have been described in the previous chapter are strongly relevant in the Indian context. In establishing these scope conditions this chapter constructs an account of local democratization and political party organizations in India that sheds light on how these phenomena shape, and are shaped by, various aspects of the larger Indian context.