jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Controlling Aggregation-Induced Emission in Bimetallic\nGold–Copper Nanoclusters via Surface Motif Engineering

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Aggregation-induced\nemission (AIE) has been significantly explored\nto enhance luminescence properties. Here, we synthesized bimetallic\nAuCu nanoclusters (NCs) and studied their AIE by reconstructing the\nsurface motif from −S–Au­(I)–S– Au­(I)–S–\nto −S–Au­(I)–S–Cu­(I)–S–,\nas evident from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and microscopy\nstudies. A significant blue shift in the emission band of Au NCs is\nobserved with the change of the Au/Cu molar ratio. We observed enormous\nemission enhancement with decreasing temperature due to suppression\nof the intramolecular motion of surface ligands. A 200-fold emission\nenhancement occurs due to the aggregation of ultrasmall-sized AuCu\nNCs in a less polar medium of the water–ethanol mixture. An\nincrease in the radiative rate supports the effect of the Au­(I)–Cu­(I)\nmetallophilic interaction. A decrease in the nonradiative rate confirms\nthe restriction of ligand motions in the aggregated state. Metal cluster-based\nAIE-type materials pave the way to design highly luminescent materials\nfor potential applications in sensing, biolabeling, light-emitting\ndiodes (LEDs), and other fields.
Bringing together "old" and "new" ways of solving social dilemmas? The case of Spanish Gitanos

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Humans often punish non-cooperators in one-shot interactions among genetically-unrelated individuals. So-called altruistic punishment poses an evolutionary puzzle because it enforces a cooperation norm that benefits the whole group, but is costly for the punisher. Under the “big mistake” (or “mismatch”) hypothesis, social behavior such as punishment evolved by individual selection at a time when repeated interactions with kin prevailed. It then misfired in modern humans, who “mistakenly” apply it in sporadic interactions with unrelated individuals. In contrast, cultural group selection theories emphasize cultural differences in normative behavior and the role of intergroup competition and punishment for the emergence of large-scale cooperation in the absence of genetic relatedness. We conducted a series of multilateral-cooperation economic experiments with a sample of Spanish Romani people (Gitanos), who represent a unique cultural group to test the predictions of the two accounts: Gitano communities rely heavily on close kin-based networks, maintain high consanguinity rates and display a particularly strong sense of ethnic identity. A total of 320 Gitano and non-Gitano (i.e., the majority Spanish population) participants played a one-shot public goods game with punishment in either ethnically homogeneous or ethnically mixed (half Gitano and half non-Gitano) four-person groups. In the homogeneous groups, punishment was commonly used by non-Gitanos but virtually inexistent among Gitanos. In the mixed groups, however, Gitanos who did not cooperate were severely punished by other Gitanos, but also by non-Gitanos (particularly males in both cases). The results are more consistent with cultural group selection and also qualify some of its predictions.
Investigation of Turkey's Progress in Social Policy and Employment Chapter in the European Union Membership Negotiations Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the Social Policy and employment chapter of Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, has been examined in terms of development over the years. A qualitative research design was made in the study. In this qualitative research design, the literature and documents related to the subject were examined and the analyzed findings were presented. Turkey's EU membership process were examined through the progress reports and the processes were evaluated. Focusing on the chapter of social policy and employment, the problems experienced in the negotiation process and the solutions in this process that Turkey went through were discussed. As a result of the research, although it is stated that there are deficiencies in terms of adaptation with the acquis in some areas and problems in implementation, it has been determined that Turkey's level of adaptation with the acquis is also defined as advanced in EU reports. In the negotiation process that has been going on for years, Turkey has made a lot of progress in the social policy and employment chapter, which has not yet been opened, not only in terms of opening criteria, but also in terms of the entire chapter. Turkey needs to solve some structural problems in these areas and transfer the missing parts of the European Union acquis into its own legislation.
Constraint-guided self-adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an approach to self-adaptive systems utilizing explicit models of the design-space of the application. The design-space is captured by allowing the specification of alternatives for any component at any level in the model hierarchy. Non-functional requirements and additional knowledge about the system are captured in the form of OCL constraints parameterized by operational parameters, such as latency, accuracy, error rate, etc, that are measured at run-time. The constraints and the models are embedded in the running system forming the operation-space of the application. When changes in the monitored parameters trigger a reconfiguration, the operation space is explored utilizing a symbolic constraint satisfaction method relying on OBDDs. Once a new configuration that satisfies all the constraints is found the reconfiguration takes place.
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY LEVEL OF RADICAL PROCESS CHANGE IMPLEMENTATION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper reviews the literature related to the implementation of radical process changes in higher education (HE) environment. Several issues and implementation results related to radical process change in HEIs, particularly business process reengineering (BPR), are being investigated. Furthermore, as the implementation of process change would have an impact in HEIs,specifically on service quality and customer satisfaction, this paper discusses both concepts. A survey has been developed to assess the students’ satisfaction of the radical process change implemented in one of the HEIs, namely HEI-A which was selected as a case study. The results indicate some significant differences among groups for both satisfaction and service quality measured.The paper provides a framework for future research to develop a metric for measuring satisfaction and service quality level in HEIs. This research contributes to studies of BPR in HE context, by focusing on the key processes performance.
Correlation between Basal Signaling and Internalization of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Evidence for Involvement of Similar Receptor Conformations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous studies have shown that rat thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor type 2 exhibits higher basal signaling activity and internalizes more rapidly upon agonist binding than rat TRH receptor type 1. The mouse TRH receptor type 2 (mR2) was recently cloned and, similar to its rat homolog, shows a higher basal signaling activity than mR1. Taking advantage of the high degree of sequence homology between mR1 and mR2, we used chimeras/mutants of these receptors to gain insight into the properties of the receptors that influence internalization and basal signaling. Chimeric receptors that have the mR1 extracellular and transmembrane domains with the carboxyl terminus and intracellular loops of mR2 (R1/R2-tail; R1/R2-I3,tail; R1/R2-I2,3,tail; R1/R2-I1,2,3,tail) exhibited internalization rates and basal activities that were similar to that of mR1. In contrast, a chimeric receptor with the extracellular and transmembrane domains of mR2 and the carboxyl terminus of mR1 exhibited the more rapid internalization rate and higher basal signaling activity characteristic of mR2. We showed previously that mutation of a highly conserved tryptophan to alanine caused mR1 to exhibit a high basal signaling activity and rapid internalization rate. In contrast, mutation of this tryptophan to alanine in mR2 decreased the rate of internalization and inhibited basal signaling activity. The rates of receptor internalization did not correlate with the binding affinities, coupling efficiencies, or potencies of the receptors. Thus, we observed that receptors with more rapid internalization rates showed relatively higher basal signaling activities, whereas receptors with lower basal signaling activities showed slower internalization rates. These data suggest that similar receptor conformations are required for productive coupling to signaling G proteins and to proteins involved in internalization.
The significance of retention in post and core restorations.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Endodontically-treated, pulpless teeth tend to become brittle and loose their natural resistance to intraoral functional stress. To retain the core to the root, posts are placed in such teeth. This article presents the rationale for placing the posts, reports past results, and discusses the current materials and implementation procedures. Understanding those principles is the learning objective of this article.
LingRex. Linguistic Reconstruction with LingPy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cite the library as: List, Johann-Mattis (2021): LingRex. Linguistic reconstruction with LingPy. Version 1.0.0. URL: https://github.com/lingpy/lingrex, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1544943. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
PHYSICO- CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OFORATHUPALAYAM RESERVOIR WATER AND ITSEFFECT ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OFPEARL MILLET (Pennisetum typhoides ICMV-221)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Physico-chemical characterisation of Orathupalayam reservoir water, Tirupur, Tamilnadu indicated that the vaiues for pH, EC, TS, TSS, TDS, Total alkalinity, TH, DO, BOD, COD, free C02) Ca, Mg, chloride, sulphate, phosphate and nitrites were on the higher side of the permissible limits of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). Present investigation deais with the growth performance study of pearl millet on the reservoir water, which reveals that the soils of control site and site 1 experienced minimum changes in soil properties due to irrigation with water and performed better than other sampling sites. Much affected was site 5 soil sample which produced lesser yield.
The Tetraspanin CD53 Regulates Early B Cell Development by Promoting IL-7R Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The tetraspanin CD53 has been implicated in B cell development and function. CD53 is a transcriptional target of EBF1, a critical transcription factor for early B cell development. Further, human deficiency of CD53 results in recurrent infections and reduced serum Igs. Although prior studies have indicated a role for CD53 in regulating mature B cells, its role in early B cell development is not well understood. In this study, we show that CD53 expression, which is minimal on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, increases throughout bone marrow B cell maturation, and mice lacking CD53 have significantly decreased bone marrow, splenic, lymphatic, and peripheral B cells. Mixed bone marrow chimeras show that CD53 functions cell autonomously to promote B lymphopoiesis. Cd53−/− mice have reduced surface expression of IL-7Rα and diminished phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and JAK/STAT signaling in prepro- and pro-B cells. Signaling through these pathways via IL-7R is essential for early B cell survival and transition from the pro-B to pre-B cell developmental stage. Indeed, we find increased apoptosis in developing B cells and an associated reduction in pre-B and immature B cell populations in the absence of CD53. Coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation studies demonstrate physical interaction between CD53 and IL-7R. Together, these data, to our knowledge, suggest a novel role for CD53 during IL-7 signaling to promote early B cell differentiation.
Short lower anterior face height: phenotypic diversity

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Individuals with short lower anterior facial height (LAFH), reduced mandibular plane angle, and excessive overbite resulting from upward and forward mandibular rotation are traditionally classified as skeletal deep bites. Our purpose was to explore phenotypic variation within short LAFH individuals using geometric morphometric methods. Methods: Cephalograms of 101 individuals (64 female, 37 male; age range: 7-62 years) with LAFH to total anterior facial height (TAFH), ratio (LAFH/TAFH), at or below 52.6% were studied. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and canonical variate analysis captured phenotypic variation and identified homogenous groups. Results: Four principal components were identified which accounted for 49% of the variation within the skeletal vertical and sagittal dimensions, flexure of the gonial angle, and incisor angulation. Cluster analysis resulted in 3 discrete short LAFH subpenotypes. Conclusions: Within the selected population of short LAFH individuals, we found: A range of morphologic variation. Convergent and divergent facial patterns with concomitant variation in gonial angle and ramus height. Anteriorly directed condylar morphology correlated with characteristics of extreme forward mandibular rotation; less anteriorly directed condylar morphology correlated with characteristics of backward mandibular rotation. Overbite magnitude is independent of vertical skeletal relationship and/or characteristics of forward mandibular rotation.
[Comparison of different methods for species identification of genus Candida].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Different species of genus Candida can cause a wide range of pathologies, since mucocutaneous trivial infections to disseminated serious forms. Traditionally, taxonomy of yeast has been performed taking into account morphologic and physiologic studies, but they depend on the culture conditions of strains, what cause certain difficulties. Thus, recently, molecular biology methods have been tried. The aim of this work is to correlate taxonomic studies of most important pathogenic species--C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata--all of them performed by phenotypic traditional methods, commercial ones, and by a molecular method, PCR fingerprinting. Comparing useful methods for C. albicans identification, corn flour agar and germinative tube formation, no statistical differences between them are observed (chi2 = 0.5, p = 0.4795). By comparison between methods to discriminate different Candida species, physiological tests, CHROMagar, API 20C and PCF fingerprinting we observed no significative differences in proportion of accurate results, in test that can identify any Candida species, such as physiological assays, API 20C and PCR fingerprinting. The proportion of unequivocal results is greater than the obtained performing the CHROMagar culture method (p < 0.001).
Movement Synchrony Influences Intergroup Relations in a Minimal Groups Paradigm

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Studies show that synchronizing movements with others encourages a collective social identity, leading to increased cooperation within a group. The current study investigated whether movement synchrony impacts social categorization and cooperation across intergroup boundaries. Two 3-person groups were brought together under movement synchrony conditions designed to emphasize different social categorizations of the aggregate: all individuals moved to the same beat, each minimal group moved to a different beat, or each individual moved to a different beat. Results demonstrate that movement synchrony influenced social categorization and cooperation across intergroup boundaries. Implications for approaches to intergroup relations using movement synchrony are noted.
Emotional Mechanisms of Behavior Change: Existing Techniques, Best Practices, and a New Approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Traditional models of behavior change emphasize knowledge, beliefs, and injunctive norms as targets of intervention. Emotion—a potent force guiding human behavior—is strikingly absent from most models and most behavioral interventions. This article reviews evidence that emotion is not only consequential for common targets of behavioral intervention, but can be activated strategically to facilitate behavior change. This article presents a new framework for classifying behavior change targets, along with specific emotion-leveraging intervention techniques matched to each category of behavior. Policy recommendations emphasize combining emotional tools with other evidence-based behavior-change techniques. Although more research is needed, emotion shows promise for helping to support people's behavioral goals.
The Beginning of Ergot

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

p. 1133), prompted me to examine the case records of 489 cases treated with buccal pitocin.There was no incidence of uterine rupture, maternal mortality, or foetal mor- tality, and there were only three cases of excessive uterine action.All three responded quickly (15-20 minutes) to withdrawal of the tablets from the buccal pouch.Hyperactivity of this nature (contractions at one-minute intervals) has occurred in the control group.Furthermore, in 31 cases where buccal oxy- tocin failed intravenous Pitocin (oxytocin) was successful in 10 cases only.No one can deny that a risk of uterine rupture exists-as reported by Dr. P. M. Leney (12 September, p. 689) and Dr. H. 0. Nicholson (3 October, p. 876), but spon- taneous rupture does also occur and in fact did so in one case of the non-buccal group.I do not think that obstetricians using buccal oxytocin deny the place, or better con- trol, of intravenous oxytocin.However, oral administration is generally preferred to the parenteral even if there is some slight loss in performance-cf.oral iron and Ferrivenin (saccharated iron oxide).Thus I cannot agree that buccal pitocin is a retrograde step, and the evaluation of 489 cases treated with the buccal hormone would support
Theoretical calculation of stiffness of composite laminated beam with T-section

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the constitutive equation and deformation equation, the total stiffness matrix of laminated composite beam with T-section are built up by using the relation of 3D stress-stain transformation.Then calculation methods of the axial and bending stiffness of laminated composite beam with T-section are derived.Axial and bending stiffness of laminated composite beam with T-section are calculated under the uniformly distributed load or concentrated force with various boundary condition.A comparison between analytical calculation results and ANSYS calculation results shows good agreement.The results show that this method is reliable.And easy to apply in the initial design of composite hull.The research makes foundation for theoretically calculate laminated composite beam with arbitrary cross-section.
Determination of rice type by 1H NMR spectroscopy in combination with different chemometric tools

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A 400‐MHz 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis were used in the context of food surveillance to discriminate 46 authentic rice samples according to type. It was found that the optimal sample preparation consists of preparing aqueous rice extracts at pH 1.9. For the first time, the chemometric method independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to differentiate clusters of rice from the same type (Basmati, non‐Basmati long‐grain rice, and round‐grain rice) and, to a certain extent, their geographical origin. ICA was found to be superior to classical principal component analysis (PCA) regarding the verification of rice authenticity. The chemical shifts of the principal saccharides and acetic acid were found to be mostly responsible for the observed clustering. Among classification methods (linear discriminant analysis, factorial discriminant analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy, and ICA), PLS‐DA and ICA gave the best values of specificity (0.96 for both methods) and sensitivity (0.94 for PLS‐DA and 1.0 for ICA). Hence, NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics could be used as a screening method in the official control of rice samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological properties of grey cast iron lubricated using organic compounds containing Mo and ZnDTP additives

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The lubricating effectiveness of organic compounds containing Mo and ZnDTP in different ratios in poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO) was investigated using an Optimol SRV‐IV (Optimol Instruments, Munich, Germany) reciprocating friction and wear tester. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces of grey cast iron discs were examined by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the grey cast iron discs exhibited different friction‐reducing and wear‐resistance capabilities when lubricated with PAO containing MoDTP and ZnDTP additives in different ratios. The lowest frication coefficient is only 0.072. XPS analyses indicated that ZnDTP + MoDTP and ZnDTP + MoDTC formed different chemical products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universal control of proton concentration using an electrochemically generated acid compatible with miniaturization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Controlling locally produced acidity in miniaturized spaces is of high importance to manage simultaneous chemical reactions. Here, we present a platform that hosts miniaturized micro-reactors each one enabling electrochemical control of the acidity in nL volumes. We demonstrated the local control of chemical reactions with the deprotection of strong acid labile groups in a region of 150 mm of diameter of upstanding glass using high proton concentrations (101 M) and the acidity contrasts between the cell
region and the outside. We demonstrated accurate control of the proton concentration in aqueous and organic solvents and the control of chemical reactions in organic electrolytes achieved with a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based membrane, which isolates the acid generating electrodes from the reagents in the solution. The quantitative control of the acidity by faradaic currents was demonstrated by the calibration of carboxyfluorescein adjusted with external titrations and with a tautomer transition occurring at pH 4.2. To the best of our knowledge, this platform shows the best control of acidity in the smallest volume reported so far.
Coupling of Tetrahymena Ribosomal RNA Splicing to β-Galactosidase Expression in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Splicing of the Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA precursor is mediated by the folded structure of the RNA molecule and therefore occurs in the absence of any protein in vitro. The Tetrahymena intervening sequence (IVS) has been inserted into the gene for the α-donor fragment of β-galactosidase in a recombinant plasmid. Production of functional β-galactosidase is dependent on RNA splicing in vivo in Escherichia coli . Thus RNA self-splicing can occur at a rate sufficient to support gene expression in a prokaryote, despite the likely presence of ribosomes on the nascent RNA. The β-galactosidase messenger RNA splicing system provides a useful method for screening for splicing-defective mutations, several of which have been characterized.