jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glycaemic control and antidiabetic therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease – cross-sectional data from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Little is known about practice patterns of anti-diabetic therapy in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and correlates with glycaemic control. We therefore aimed to analyze current antidiabetic treatment and correlates of metabolic control in a large contemporary prospective cohort of patients with diabetes and CKD. Methods The German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study enrolled 5217 patients aged 18–74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria >0.5 g/d. The use of diet prescription, oral anti-diabetic medication, and insulin was assessed at baseline. HbA1c, measured centrally, was the main outcome measure. Results At baseline, DM was present in 1842 patients (35 %) and the median HbA1C was 7.0 % (25th–75th percentile: 6.8–7.9 %), equalling 53 mmol/mol (51, 63); 24.2 % of patients received dietary treatment only, 25.5 % oral antidiabetic drugs but not insulin, 8.4 % oral antidiabetic drugs with insulin, and 41.8 % insulin alone. Metformin was used by 18.8 %. Factors associated with an HbA1C level >7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) were higher BMI (OR = 1.04 per increase of 1 kg/m2, 95 % CI 1.02–1.06), hemoglobin (OR = 1.11 per increase of 1 g/dL, 95 % CI 1.04–1.18), treatment with insulin alone (OR = 5.63, 95 % CI 4.26–7.45) or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents (OR = 4.23, 95 % CI 2.77–6.46) but not monotherapy with metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, or glinides. Conclusions Within the GCKD cohort of patients with CKD stage 3 or overt proteinuria, antidiabetic treatment patterns were highly variable with a remarkably high proportion of more than 50 % receiving insulin-based therapies. Metabolic control was overall satisfactory, but insulin use was associated with higher HbA1C levels.
Patronage, Co-Operation, And Artistic Self-Assurance: Aspects Of Authorship In The Narrative Works Of Konrad Von Würzburg

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter analyses the works of Konrad von Würzburg. His massive oeuvre encompasses love and gnomic lyric poetry, as well as a eulogy of the Virgin Mary, three legends, two romances, a retelling of the story of the Trojan War, and a substantial body of shorter narratives. Konrad's works show that practices of authorial self-presentation did not develop in a linear and straightforward way in the course of the 13th century, not even at the heart of literary tradition. In chronological terms, his activity as a poet follows on almost seamlessly from Rudolf von Ems's, and together these authors represent the two most important points on the axis of ‘postclassical’ narrative literature. Yet Konrad's presentation of authorship bears little or no relation to Rudolf 's.
4:10 Cycles of Very Low Calories Protect Against Tumor Xenografts, but Not Metastases in the Absence of Chemotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of mortality, with its incidence only expected to rise with an increasingly aging population. Dietary interventions, primarily caloric restriction (CR), lower cellular energy metabolism and have long been utilized to slow the aging process and protect against age-related diseases, including cancer. However, due to the stringency of CR, dietary alternatives that offer the same beneficial outcomes in cancer prevention and longevity have become increasingly attractive. Periodic cycles (4 days twice a month) of low caloric intake followed by a standard ad libitum (AL) diet was previously shown to promote health-span in mice and humans and protect against primary tumorigenesis and enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. The aim of our study was to compare the tumorigenic potential of 4T1 cells, a murine model of stage IV breast cancer, in young and aged female BALB/c mice fed either periodic cycles of low caloric diets versus chronic 20% CR. Compared to AL controls, we found a significant delay in primary tumor growth in mice regardless of diet composition by the 4:10 cycles of very low caloric intake. However, unlike in CR, CR-alternative diets were not protective against lung metastases in the absence of chemotherapy. Our study sheds light into the underlying differences of calorie-based interventions in the absence of chemotherapy.
Effects of lactate on the relative contribution of Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms to relaxation in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 20 mM extracellular lactate on Ca2+ regulation mechanisms in enzymatically isolated single guinea‐pig cardiac myocytes. 2. The activities of the Ca2+ regulation mechanisms during application of lactate were studied using rapid cooling contractures (RCCs) and fast application of caffeine. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ was monitored using the fluorescent indicator indo‐1. 3. After application of 20 mM lactate for 5 min, the diastolic level of Ca2+ was increased. The change in cytoplasmic Ca2+ elicited by stimulation (Ca2+ transient) was also changed. With lactate, the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient was smaller, and its time course was slower compared with control. 4. The recovery of cytoplasmic Ca2+ during rewarming after rapid cooling in lactate was slower than under control conditions. When the rewarming was performed either in Na(+)‐ and Ca(2+)‐free solution or in the presence of 10 mM caffeine, the rate of recovery of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in lactate was slower than under control conditions, suggesting that the activity of both SR Ca2+ uptake and Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange is affected by lactate. 5. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ recovery during application of 10 mM caffeine in lactate was slower than in the control. The rate of recovery of the caffeine‐induced transient inward current was also slower supporting the hypothesis of a slower Ca2+ extrusion brought about by Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange. 6. The relative contribution of the Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms in the presence of lactate was investigated using paired RCCs. In lactate, a second RCC (RCC2) induced immediately after recovery from the first (RCC1) was greatly reduced compared with the control. RCC2/RCC1 x 100 in lactate was 39% and RCC2/RCC1 x 100 in control conditions was 60%, suggesting that the net sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake is smaller in the presence of lactate. 7. When Na(+)‐free Ca2+ solution was used during the paired RCCs and rewarming, RCC2/RCC1 x 100 was increased to 96 and 95% in lactate and control conditions, respectively, implying that Ca2+ efflux from the cell can be maintained by the Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchanger and that other Ca2+ removal mechanisms (mitochondria and sarcolemmal Ca(2+)‐ATPase) remain largely unchanged in the presence of lactate.
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease is a prion disease which has a wide range of clinical presentations. Its diagnosis is not simple and clinical manifestation along with EEG, MR imaging findings and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis should be considered for a definite diagnosis. A-50-year-old woman referred with cognitive impairment, myoclonic jerks, mutism and difficulty in swallowing to our clinic. EEG (Electroencephalography) results showed bilaterally periodic sharp and slow-wave discharges. Protein 14-3-3 in CSF was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed hyperintensity of the caudate and putamen in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T2 Weighted (T2W) sequences and Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) images. Patients who have progressive dementia should be evaluated by means of MR imaging and CSF analysis for CJD specific proteins should be considered.
Retrospective study of combined pelvic organ resection in the treatment of primary and recurrent pelvic malignant tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e15635 Background: For locally advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies, combined pelvic organ resection has been used to treat rectal, bladder, gynecological and other related malignancies. As an interdisciplinary and high-risk operation, the perioperative safety and future information are often very limited. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of PE surgery in our institution. Methods: In this retrospective study, 59 patients with pelvic malignant tumors received PE surgery from July 2015 to July 2021. They were divided into two groups according to the location of the disease: rectal tumor group (n = 40) and cervical cancer group (n = 19). The baseline data, gene detection reports, pathological reports, perioperative conditions and prognosis were analyzed. The two groups were compared by independent sample t-test; Comparison between groups χ2 test, the survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Results: Among these 59 patients treated with PE, the rectal tumor group and the cervical cancer group did not differ significantly in terms of demographics, operative time, hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, and rates of use of preoperative and intraoperative radiotherapy. Compared with the two groups, the overall incidence of postoperative complications was 37% in the group with rectal tumours and 26% in the group with perineal wound infection being the most common, cervical cancer 46% and urinary tract infection being the most common. Comparing the postoperative survival OS between patients in the rectal tumor group and those in the cervical cancer group, the former was better, with 5-year overall survival rates of 37% in the rectal tumor group and 28% in the cervical cancer group. Within the group of rectal tumours, however, there are differences in survival between patients with primary (LARC) and recurrent (lrrc) rectal tumours; Patients with LARC have shown a significant survival benefit postoperatively, with 5-year overall survival rates of 40% for patients with LARC and 27% for patients with lrrc. OS was significantly better in patients with well differentiated tumors, N0 stage, and high microsatellite instability (MSI). On the basis of univariate analysis, poorly differentiated tumor, regional lymph node dissemination, MSI, and no chemotherapy received perioperatively were significant predictors of poor survival (P < 0.05). Conclusions: PE is currently an effective treatment for pelvic malignancies with aggressive radical resection of lesions, which can effectively improve their cure rate, improve quality of life, and careful patient selection can optimize outcomes.
Institutional Governance of European Neighbourhood Policy in the Wake of the Arab Spring

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the goals and instruments of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) before and after the Arab Spring, and enquires why there has been little substantive change in the European Union's (EU's) approach to the neighbourhood, notwithstanding the acknowledged opportunity for democratic change and the EU's stated willingness to contribute to it. It argues that the institutional governance of the ENP has largely conditioned the EU's response to the historic changes in the neighbourhood. The EU's actorness has been tamed by the underlying differences among EU member states and this has particularly played out in policy areas where the EU institutions have less freedom to act on behalf of the Union. Overall, the EU has asserted itself as neither a strategic actor nor a normative power, but rather as a bystander, trapped in its internal institutional process and passively reacting to crisis events by proposing long-term solutions with little short-term impact.
MAGNETIC REFRIGERATING SYSTEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A magnetic refrigerator (MR) operating at room temperature is being developed as a technology which can replace the conventional liquidvapor refrigeration systems. The essential parts of an MR system are the magnetic field source, which uses permanent magnets, and the magnetic refrigerant materials, which must have a large magnetocaloric effect (MCE). For efficient operation of the MR, a magnetic field well above the remanence of NdBFe is required. The hollow cylindrical permanent magnet array (HCPMA) design, and modifications based on this design, have been shown to produce the required strength of magnetic field (1,2). The cross section of the HCPMA and the directions of the magnetization vectors in the various segments are shown in Fig. 1. Figurc 2 shows the magnetic flux lines of a modified HCPMA designed to allow access of the rotating magnetic refrigerant materials. The height of the slot, located in the array is 12.7 111111. The directions of magnetization vectors are the same as those shown in Fig. 1. magnetocaloric material is gadolinium silicon-germanium (GdsSiLiez). Soft magnetic materials such as permalloy or mumetal are used as flux concentrators. These are shown in the upper and lower part of the central air gap and used to enhance and focus the magnetic flux lines. The magnitude of the magnetic flux density at the center of the air gap was about 2 Tesla, although this can be increased above 3 Tesla by modifying the geometry of the design. The magnitude and homogeneity of the magnetic field for this design will be compared with the conventional C-shaped yoke and 7-segmented modified HCPMA. The permanent magnet material of choice is neodymium-iron-boron (NdzFei4B). The
[Food selenium content and resident daily selenium intake in Guangzhou City].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The investigation on the food selenium content in Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province showed that viscera of animal foods, aquatic products, eggs, and mutton were abundant with selenium ( > 150.0 microg x kg(-1)), followed by cereals and beans (46.5-98.3 microg x kg(-1)), vegetables (15.8 microg x kg(-1)), and fruits (4.97 microg x kg(-1)). Among vegetable foods, mushroom had the highest selenium content (46.0 microg x kg(-1)). The daily selenium intake of residents in Guangzhou was 98.5 microg, in which, 73.7% was contributed by animal foods, and 26.3% was from vegetable foods. Aquatic products, pork and rice contributed 24.8%, 22.3% and 17.2%, respectively. The food selenium content and resident daily selenium intake in Guangzhou could meet the demand of human health in the City.
Immortalization of a cell line with neural stem cell characteristics derived from mouse embryo brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Neural stem cells (NSC) have been extensively used as a tool to investigate the mechanisms responsible for neural repair, and they have been also considered as the source for a series of promising replacement therapies in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, their use is limited by their relative rarity and anatomical localization, and also because, the methods for isolation and characterization are usually time consuming and have some technical limitations. Results In this study, we describe a resource and method for obtaining immortalized cells with NSC characteristics obtained from mouse brain embryo. Conclusions Because these cells can be maintained indefinitely in culture, they may constitute a permanent source of NSC that can be used for research studies on neural development and regeneration.
Be-Fast Faster and Fastest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Annual incidence of stroke is 2.5%/1000 people or 200000 stroke /year. Every 5 seconds undergo stroke all over the world. 15-20 % die in first month of brain attack and 75% lives with focal neurological deficit. Ischemic stroke is the most common (85%) after hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (15%). Among all 5 subtypes, large artery atherosclerosis, cardio embolism, small vessel occlusion, stroke of other determined etiology, undetermined etiology, ischemic stroke carries poor prognosis of increasing morbidity and mortality. Window of opportunity is a critical time that need to be addressed to reverse neurological stroke symptoms either partially or completely through active interventional approaches either noninvasive or invasive methods. Thrombolysis has radically changed the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is effective in reducing the neurological deficit. Time is brain, either you be fast or faster and fastest, early or timely reperfusion therapy within a time frame of 4.5 hours helps to restore normal neurological function.
Ground Reaction Forces in the Triple Jump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ground reaction forces were obtained for the three phases of the triple jump for four collegiate triple jumpers, two men and two women. A single force platform was used, which thereby required the subjects to execute three separate jumps to produce a single triple jump record. The vertical force records for each phase showed two peaks having magnitudes in the range of 7 to 12 times body weight (BW) and 3.3 to 5 BW, respectively. These magnitudes are substantially higher than has been reported by others for distance running, sprinting, and in some cases other jumps. The maximum horizontal forces act to decrease the velocity of the mass center, but to different degrees for the different subjects. The data show that for any phase of the jump there is considerable variability in the timing and magnitudes of the force records among the different subjects although general patterns are similar. The results suggest that the use of mean force data from a number of subjects may conceal important differences between the way individuals execute the jump.
Reliability of biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscle architecture measurements obtained with ultrasonography

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Currently, little attention is given to the muscle architecture reliability studies of the hamstring using a robust statistical. Our purpose was to determine the reliability of ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness, fascicle length and pennation angle of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles, including heteroskedasticity and internal consistency analyses. Methods Two images of biceps femoris and semitendinosus at 50% of the thigh length were acquired from 21 volunteers, in two visits. The parameters were measured three times in each image, and for each muscle. The reliability was analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha (αCronbach). The relative standard error of the measurements (%SEM) were calculated and Bland-Altman plots were generated. Results All parameters presented excellent ICC for the three repeated measurements (ICC from 0.93 ‒ 0.99) and moderate to excellent reliability intraday (ICC from 0.70 ‒ 0.95) for both muscles. The present study indicates that ultrasound is a reliable tool to estimate the biceps femoris fascicle length (ICC = 0.97, αCronbach = 0.98, %SEM = 7.86) and semitendinosus (ICC = 0.90, αCronbach = 0.95, %SEM = 7.55), as well as the biceps femoris muscle thickness (ICC = 0.89, αCronbach = 0.94, %SEM = 10.23) and semitendinosus muscle thickness (ICC = 0.87, αCronbach = 0.93, %SEM = 1.35). At last, biceps femoris pennation angle (ICC = 0.93, αCronbach = 0.96 and %SEM = 4.36) and semitendinosus (ICC = 0.96, αCronbach = 0.98 and %SEM = 4.25) also had good repeatability. Conclusion Ultrasonography show good repeatability in estimating of muscle architecture parameters.
Systems Approach to Arms Control Verification

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using the decades of experience of developing concepts and technologies for verifying bilateral and multilateral arms control agreements, a broad conceptual systems approach is being developed that takes into account varying levels of information and risk. The IAEA has already demonstrated the applicability of a systems approach by implementing safeguards at the State level, with acquisition path analysis as the key element. In order to test whether such an approach could also be implemented for arms control verification, an exercise was conducted in November 2014 at the JRC ITU Ispra. Based on the scenario of a hypothetical treaty between two model nuclear weapons states aimed at capping their nuclear arsenals at existing levels, the goal of this exercise was to explore how to use acquisition path analysis in an arms control context. Our contribution will present the scenario, objectives and results of this exercise, and attempt to define future workshops aimed at further developing verification measures that will deter or detect treaty violations.
Prognostic, diagnostic and predictive value of various proteins and mutations in lung carcinomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lund-Iversen and colleagues have studied three different, but comparable cohorts with lung carcinomas. One cohort (n= 436), consisting of surgical treated lung cancer, was \ninvestigated for the presence of rearrangement of NUT-BRD4 genes, corresponding to t (15; 19) (q13; p13.1) chromosomal rearrangement. The material was examined with immunohistochemistry against the protein expression corresponding to this rearrangement. In the second cohort (n=236), the significance of the proteins estrogen receptor alpha, thymydylate synthase (TS), folate receptor alpha, folypolyglutamate synthetase and thyroid transctiption factor -1 (TTF-1) was investigated. Protein expressions were examined with immunohistochemistry. In the third cohort (n=903), all cases were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction against mutations in the EGFR gene. We identified 11 exon 20 mutations. These cases were further characterized with histology, smoking habits and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Future Trends in Coronary CT Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is surrounded by the safety non-invasive methods offer and the advantages of high speed that multislice CT is associated with. While calcium score and recognition of anomalous coronary arteries are acceptable applications, CCTA reveals new fields of research on coronary artery disease, including lumen, bypass grafts, and stents patency, as well as endothelial shear stress and coronary stiffness measurements.
Correlation analysis of balance and postural stability as a risk for falls in individuals with visual impairment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vision is critical for human balance. Visual impairment (VI) decreases the ability of individuals to maintain balance and greatly impacts the activities of daily living. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess balance in individuals with VI using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale regarding its correlation with fall risk. A total of 88 participants were eligible for this study. We administered pre-tested questionnaires for demographic conditions and history of falls after recruiting participants; following that, BBS and ABC Scale tests were conducted for the participants. A t -test was used to determine statistically significant differences between the means in the fall and non-fall groups. A Pearson bivariate correlation test and linear regression were used to determine the existence of relationships between BBS and ABC variables. In all, 51 participants in this study had experienced falls within 1 year (fall group), while 37 participants had falls over the past 1 year (non-fall group). The fall group had a lower mean of BBS (49) and ABC (69) scores than the non-fall group; also, there was a significant correlation between the BBS and ABC Scales ( p < .05). The type of VI and sex also had significant differences in the risk of falls. These findings suggest that individuals with VIs should raise their awareness about improving aspects of balance in the body with specific exercise and training to minimize the risk of falls.