jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Enzyme diagnosis of mechanical jaundice].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combined enzymodiagnostic program--estimation of total activity of blood serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), acetyl cholinesterase (ACE), butyryl cholinesterase (BCE)--was studied to evaluate its diagnostic validity in surgical clinic. In mechanical jaundice of various origin mean values of the enzymatic activities studied as well as the enzymatic coefficients were distinctly altered as compared with control values: AST/AAT, gamma-GT/AST as well as the newer coefficients BCE/ACE, AP/gamma-GT, (formula; see text). The jaundices of tumoral and non-tumoral genesis caused markedly dissimilar alterations in the coefficients AST/AAT and (formula; see text). The data of enzymological analysis may be used for differential diagnosis in jaundices.
Asymmetric synthesis ofl-6-hydroxynorleucine from 2-keto-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid using a branched-chain aminotransferase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

l-6-Hydroxynorleucine was synthesized from 2-keto-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid using branched-chain aminotransferase from Escherichia coli with l-glutamate as an amino donor. Since the branched-chain aminotransferase was severely inhibited by 2-ketoglutarate, the branched-chain aminotransferase reaction was coupled with aspartate aminotransferase and pyruvate decarboxylase. Aspartate aminotransferase converted the inhibitory 2-ketoglutarate back to l-glutamate by using l-aspartate as an amino donor. On the other hand, pyruvate decarboxylase further shifted the reaction equilibrium towards l-6-hydroxynorleucine through decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde. The concerted action of the three enzymes significantly enhanced the yield compared to that of branched-chain aminotransferase alone. In the coupled reaction, 90.2 mM l-6-hydroxynorleucine (> 99% ee) was produced from 100 mM 2-keto-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, whereas in a single branched-chain aminotransferase reaction only 22.5 mM l-6-hydroxynorleucine (> 99% ee) was produced.
Floral evolution in Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Floral traits are typically associated with specific groups of pollinators. Yet, many flowering plants are pollinated by more than one group of pollinators. To explore the influence of multiple effective pollinators on floral traits, I examined how the pollinator assemblage of Polemonium brandegeei affects pollen movement and selection on floral traits. I documented phenotypic and genetic variation in floral traits, and quantified the effectiveness of floral visitors. In natural populations, I quantified pollen removal and deposition over two consecutive flowering seasons. I then performed a pair of novel array experiments to estimate selection through female (seeds set) and male (seeds sired) function on floral traits by two important pollinators, hawkmoths and hummingbirds. My analysis of field populations demonstrated that height and relative positioning of sex organs were important for the removal and deposition of pollen. Individuals of P. brandegeei displayed a large degree of continuous and heritable variation, particularly in the relative positioning of sex organs. Plants in the same population displayed stigmas recessed below (reverse herkogamy), or exserted above anthers (approach herkogamy). My array experiments determined that variation in herkogamy is likely maintained through contrasting selection, because hawkmoths selected for recessed stigmas but hummingbirds selected for exserted stigmas. While my results were the first to detect selection for reverse herkogamy by hawkmoths, I also identified selection for traits that are typically associated with both pollinators. For example, hawkmoths selected for narrow corolla tubes, and hummingbirds selected for longer corolla tubes. The selection I detected on floral traits through female function was generally stronger than through male function, which runs counter to traditional theory of gender-biased selection. My findings indicate that floral traits can conform to intermediate dimensions between the optima of two pollinators (herkogamy), or appear specialized to one pollinator (tube length). Therefore, cumulative arrangements of floral traits (floral design) can effectively function under pollination by two pollinators that exert different selection pressures on traits.
Role of multimodal monitoring in the management of patients undergoing complex intracranial bypass procedures – A case series and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Patients undergoing complex intracranial neurovascular procedures continue to have a high mortality rate. Individualised goal-directed cerebral resuscitation employing multimodality neuromonitoring may impact these patients’ treatment and prognosis. Advanced monitoring methods aid in the early identification of secondary brain insults and serve as endpoints for goal-directed therapy in the perioperative period. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of literature exploring the impact of multimodality monitoring and its outcome in these patients. We aim to present this case series wherein the patients had a favourable outcome post-intracranial complex bypass procedure, owing to goal-directed management guided by multimodality monitoring in the perioperative period.
Ion-induced transient potential fluctuations facilitate pore formation and cation transport through lipid membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Unassisted ion transport through lipid membranes plays a crucial role in many cell functions without which life would not be possible, yet the precise mechanism behind the process remains unknown due to its molecular complexity. Here, we demonstrate a direct link between membrane potential fluctuations and divalent ion transport. High-throughput wide-field second harmonic (SH) microscopy shows that membrane potential fluctuations are universally found in lipid bilayer systems. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that such variations in membrane potential reduce the free energy cost of transient pore formation and increase the ion flux across an open pore. These transient pores can act as conduits for ion transport, which we SH image for a series of divalent cations (Cu$^{2+}$, Ca$^{2+}$, Ba$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$) passing through GUV membranes. Combining the experimental and computational results, we show that permeation through pores formed via an ion-induced electrostatic field is a viable mechanism for unassisted ion transport.
Helmholtz’s Contributions to Physiological Optics*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Leonard Thompson Troland, "Helmholtz's Contributions to Physiological Optics*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 6, 327-335 (1922) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The AP2 Transcription Factor BrSHINE3 Regulates Wax Accumulation in Nonheading Chinese Cabbage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wax is an acellular structural substance attached to the surface of plant tissues. It forms a protective barrier on the epidermis of plants and plays an important role in resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. In this paper, nonheading Chinese cabbage varieties with and without wax powder were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the surface of waxy plants was covered with a layer of densely arranged waxy crystals, thus differentiating them from the surface of waxless plants. A genetic analysis showed that wax powder formation in nonheading Chinese cabbage was controlled by a pair of dominant genes. A preliminary bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) assay showed that one gene was located at the end of chromosome A09. Within this interval, we identified BraA09000626, encoding an AP2 transcription factor homologous to Arabidopsis AtSHINE3, and we named it BrSHINE3. By comparing the CDS of the gene in the two parental plants, a 35 bp deletion in the BrSHINE3 gene of waxless plants resulted in a frameshift mutation. Tissue analysis showed that BrSHINE3 was expressed at significantly higher levels in waxy plant rosette stage petioles and bolting stage stems than in the tissues of waxless plants. We speculate that this deletion in BrSHINE3 bases in the waxless material may inhibit wax synthesis. The overexpression of BrSHINE3 in Arabidopsis induced the accumulation of wax on the stem surface, indicating that BrSHINE3 is a key gene that regulates the formation of wax powder in nonheading Chinese cabbage. The analysis of the subcellular localization showed that BrSHINE3 is mainly located in the nucleus and chloroplast of tobacco leaves, suggesting that the gene may function as a transcription factor. Subsequent transcriptome analysis of the homology of BrSHINE3 downstream genes in nonheading Chinese cabbage showed that these genes were downregulated in waxless materials. These findings provide a basis for a better understanding of the nonheading Chinese cabbage epidermal wax synthesis pathway and provide important information for the molecular-assisted breeding of nonheading Chinese cabbage.
Apollo experience report: Mission planning for Apollo entry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problems encountered and the experience gained in the entry mission plans, flight software, trajectory-monitoring procedures, and backup trajectory-control techniques of the Apollo Program should provide a foundation upon which future spacecraft programs can be developed. Descriptions of these entry activities are presented. Also, to provide additional background information needed for discussion of the Apollo entry experience, descriptions of the entry targeting for the Apollo 11 mission and the postflight analysis of the Apollo 10 mission are presented.
The Large (<i>M</i> ≥ 6.0) Earthquakes Seismic Precursors in the Junction Zone of the Kuril-Kamchatka and Aleutian Island Arcs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The article describes the behavior of the series of seismic precursors before the activation of 2016‒2019 in an area with a tectonically complex geodynamic environment at the boundaries of the Pacific, North American, and Eurasian lithospheric plates. In order to clarify the location of possible focal areas of future strong earthquakes, a comprehensive approach to the application of allocated precursors was considered: quiescence by parameters RTL and Z-function, variations of the slope of the recurrence graph γ and areas of seismic ruptures dS. For the first time, in relation to Kamchatka, for anomalies to parameter dS, interpreted as seismic activations, the presence of a predictive component before the onset of foreshock activation is shown by the example of an increase in its values before the events that are the strongest for the areas where their focal areas are located: the Near islands Aleutian earthquake with Mw = 7.8 on July 17, 2017 and the Uglovoye Podnyatiye earthquake on December 20, 2018, Мw = 7.3, is demonstrated. The total length of the anomalous region, currently existing and including successive stages of quiescences and foreshock activations is ~900 km, which allows for the possibility of a new strong earthquake with a magnitude exceeding all previously recorded in this area in the junction zone of three lithospheric plates.
[Expression and significance of PTEN and HIF-1α proteins in sinonasal inverted papilloma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PTEN expression decreased graduately with the severity of malignancy of SNIP, but HIF-1α increased. The expression of HIF-1α was induced by hypoxia, which may negatively effect the expression of PTEN, and both HIF-1α and PTEN may play critical roles in the progress of SNIP. PTEN is one of the factors responsible for the postoperative recurrence of SNIP.
Optimising Mobility Outcome Measures in Huntington's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Many of the performance-based mobility measures that are currently used in Huntington's disease (HD) were developed for assessment in other neurological conditions such as stroke. Objective: We aimed to assess the individual item-response of commonly used performance-based mobility measures, with a view to optimizing the scales for specific application in Huntington's Disease (HD). Method: Data from a larger multicentre, observational study were used. Seventy-five people with HD (11 pre-manifest & 64 manifest) were assessed on the Six-Minute Walk Test, 10-Meter Walk Test, Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Physical Performance Test (PPT), Four Square Step Test, and Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT). The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, Functional Assessment Scale and Total Functional Capacity scores were recorded, alongside cognitive measures. Standard regression analysis was used to assess predictive validity. Individual item responses were investigated using a sequence of approaches to allow for gradual removal of items and the subsequent creation of shortened versions. Psychometric properties (reliability and discriminant ability) of the shortened scales were assessed. Results: TUG (β 0.46, CI 0.20-3.47), BBS (β −0.35, CI −2.10-0.14), and TMT (β −0.45, CI −3.14-0.64) were good disease-specific mobility measures. PPT was the best measure of functional performance (β 0.42, CI 0.00-0.43 for TFC & β 0.57 CI 0.15-0.81 for FAS). Shortened versions of BBS and TMT were developed based on item analysis. The resultant BBS and TMT shortened scales were reliable for use in manifest HD. ROC analysis showed that shortened scales were able to discriminate between manifest and pre-manifest disease states. Discussion: Our data suggests that the PPT is appropriate as a general measure of function in individuals with HD, and we have identified shortened versions of the BBS and TMT that measure the unique gait and balance impairments in HD. These scales, alongside the TUG, may therefore be important measures to consider in future clinical trials.
The Decline of Apprenticeship in North America: Evidence from Monetreal

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Apprenticeship was, at one time, the foremost means of acquiring skill in North America and Europe. Today it is rare in North America for reasons that are not well understood. I draw on the population of apprentice contracts signed in Montreal over a 50-year period to pinpoint the start of the decline and explore its origins. I find that the decline began around 1815. During its first phase masters responded to greater difficulties in contract enforcement. A direct effect of the rise of larger establishments on the market for apprentices appears later, in the late 1820s and 1830s.
Breeding opportunities for increasing the black currant large-fruiting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of the study of the black currant varieties collection of FSBSI FRC of Horticulture, located in the Bryansk region, by large-fruiting are presented. Genetic sources have been identified for inclusion in the breeding process to increase the average weight of berries (Lentyai, Titania, Gamayun, Dobry Gin, Podarok Veteranam, Podarok Astakhova, Kudmig, Debryansk, Bryanskiy Agat, Dar Smolyaninovoy, Kudesnik, and others). The most productive families for the output of large-fruited seedlings are given, such as Debryansk × Dar Smolyaninovoy, Orloviya × Nara, Rita × Titania, Strelets × Partizanka Bryanskaya, 10-141-2 (Strelets × Golubichka) × Partizanka Bryanskaya. The result of well-chosen combinations of crosses was the creation of new highly productive varieties of black currant Mif, Favorit, and several selected forms.
Cucumis melo L. 3CM3058

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cucumis melo L.
Common name(s): Melon
Other names: Ananas
Conserved by: Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops (SCVIC), Armenia
Local sample unique identifier: 3CM3058
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2016-04
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Not included
Comprehensive Analysis of Land Tenure Effects on the Structure and Services of Regional Forest Ecosystems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

When considering the optimal conditions for ecological forest management, the first variables that may come to mind as being determinants are intimately linked to silvicultural practices such as harvest method, machinery used, rotation period, and retention. But a fundamental characteristic that is often overlooked is the type of governance that a given patch of exploited forest is under. In a forest governance system, tenures are key policy instruments to adjust when facing challenges. Forest tenure creates a context in which forest management decisions emerge, and different tenures are conducive to different sets of motivations for forest management. Land tenure is defined "as the societal institutions (organizations, rules, rights, and restrictions) that control the allocation and use of land and its associated resources by people". The predominant forest tenure categories encountered are private and public. Generally, public tenure refers to forests owned by central, regional, or local governments while private forests are owned by first nations or local community groups, private individuals, or firms. There has been a certain level of controversy over the tenure model that best optimizes the management of forest resources.
The Interaction of Penicillin and Chloramphenicol Against Meningococci In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Combinations of penicillin and chloramphenicol are frequently used initially in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. The simultaneous effects against meningococci of these two drugs were examined in vitro in a chemically defined, proteinfree medium. The investigation was performed with different combinations of the antibiotics, including optimal concentrations. In most instances, penicillin and chloramphenicol seemed to have an additive, but not an iso‐additive, effect. No antagonism was found, and only one out of nine strains showed indifference.
LDL Receptor–Related Protein and the Vascular Wall

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LDL receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1) is highly expressed in the vascular wall and is mainly associated with macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Overexpression of LRP1 in atherosclerotic lesions has been demonstrated in several animal models and human lesions. Clinical studies have suggested a relation between alterations in LRP1 expression and coronary heart disease. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that LRP1 gene expression is increased in blood mononuclear cells from patients with coronary obstruction and that the LRP1 mRNA-protein expression ratio is altered in coronary patients. Taken together, these results seem to suggest that LRP1 may be a pivotal receptor in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Our group has contributed to the elucidation of the physiopathologic role of LRP1 in the vascular wall by demonstrating that LRP1-mediated, matrix-retained LDL internalization could be crucial for VSMC–foam cell formation, that LRP1 is upregulated by lipid during human atherosclerotic lesion ...
Religion and Public Discourse in an Age of Transition: Reflections on Bahá'í Practice and Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Technology, tourism, politics, and law have connected human beings around the world more closely than ever before, but this closeness has, paradoxically, given rise to fear, distrust, and misunderstanding between nation-states and religions. In light of the tensions and conflicts that arise from these complex relationships, many search for ways to find peace and understanding through a "global public sphere." There citizens can deliberate on issues of worldwide concern. Their voices can be heard by institutions able to translate public opinion into public policy that embraces more than simply the interests and ideas of the wealthy and the empowered. Contributors to this volume address various aspects of this challenge within the context of Bahá'í thought and practice, whose goal is to lay the foundations for a new world civilization that harmonizes the spiritual and material aspects of human existence. Bahá'í teachings view religion as a source of enduring insight that can enable humanity to repair and transcend patterns of disunity, to foster justice within the structures of society, and to advance the cause of peace. Accordingly, religion can and ought to play a role in the broader project of creating a pattern of public discourse capable of supporting humanity's transition to the next stage in its collective development."--
A two-level algorithm for global radiation transfer of large 3D vegetation canopies at pixel scale

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A two-level radiosity algorithm was developed here for the computation of global radiation transfer at complex land cover called HRAD, which rapidly simulates the surface leaving radiances in three dimensional (3D) landscapes. The algorithm is an integration of a ray casting module and an adapted hierarchical radiosity method with heterogeneous volume clusters. The time cost of our algorithm was nearly linear to the polygon number. The algorithm was first validated by comparing the simulated radiances with that of Radiosity-Graphics combined Model (RGM) at small scenes. The single scattering results were highly correlated with that of RGM (R 2 > 0.99 and RMSE <; 0.005). The multiple scattering results were also perfect for visible bands (R 2 > 0.99 and RMSE <; 0.01), and acceptable for NIR (R 2 > 0.98 and RMSE = 0.015). By using the Gauss scene in RAMI-III website, we also validated our algorithm.
Effectiveness of Constructivist Teaching Method on Students’ Mathematic Academic Achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of constructivist teaching on students’ academic achievement in mathematics. The study was an applied research with a quasi-experimental design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of 364 third grade girl students from high schools of Miandoab, Iran. To select the study sample, cluster random sampling was employed. In so doing, from among 6 schools with a total of 14 classes, one school was selected by a multistage method. Then, two classes of the selected school were randomly chosen; one as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. Instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed based on principles of academic achievement of Bloom’s cognitive domain. The results indicated that constructivist teaching affects knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, combination, and evaluation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that constructivist teaching can help with students’ academic achievement. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p572
A NEW DORIDACEA FROM THE IBERIAN AND BALEARIC LITTORAL: <italic>GEITODORIS BONOSI</italic> N. SP.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A NEW DORIDACEA FROM THE IBERIAN AND BALEARIC LITTORAL: GEITODORIS BONOSI N. SP. J. A. ORTEA, J. A. ORTEA 1Dept.Zool.,Fac.Biol.,Univ.OviedoOviedo Spain; Becario Fundacion Juan March. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BALLESTEROS M. BALLESTEROS 2Dept.Zool.,Fac.Biol.,Univ.BarcelonaBarcelona,Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 47, Issue 3, December 1981, Pages 337–342, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a065578 Published: 01 December 1981 Article history Received: 18 June 1980 Published: 01 December 1981