jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Orleans: Post-Disaster Dual Dualism in Labor Markets and Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This chapter explores the nature of dualism as it operates in post-Katrina New Orleans. In particular, the chapter suggests that the combination of the push toward a tourism and services dependent economy and the failure to regulate labor markets has created an especially detrimental situation for both workers and the long-term development of the city.Design/methodology – To explore dualism in sectors and employment, this chapter applies survey methods to three areas of the New Orleans economy: food service, construction, and manufacturing. Survey methods vary slightly across sectors, due to the ease or difficulty of applying random sampling methods in each context. The surveys were applied anonymously by trained interviewers, and additional information from qualitative interviews and focus groups was also included.Findings – Without regulation of labor markets and efforts to sustain and expand sectors characterized by decent livelihoods, New Orleans working conditions and development will continue to decline.Originality/value – This chapter offers an original application of theories of dualism in development and labor markets. In development, dualism refers to sectoral division between high-value, cosmopolitan activities and low-productivity sectors, with few prospects for growth or employment. In labor markets, dualism characterizes the distinction between well-remunerated jobs with opportunities for decent livelihoods and other jobs that are precarious and vulnerable. The chapter also provides results from original surveys, interviews, and focus groups.
Full-standard broadcast DVB-T and wireless overlay on legacy and OFDM next-generation FTTH networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the performance evaluation of full-standard wireless signals overlay on two access networks: (i) legacy long-reach networks and (ii) next-generation networks using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. The proposed bundle of full-standard OFDM wireless signals includes broadcast of ETSI EN 300 744 DVB-T signals and multi-format wireless signals 3GPP long-term evolution (LTE), IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and ECMA-368 ultra-wide band (UWB). This bundle of OFDM-based signals is transmitted using radio-over-fibre in overlay with: (i) legacy baseband data of a conventional passive optical network (PON) or (ii) a custom OFDM signal providing Gigabit Ethernet (OFDM-GbE) for next-generation access networks. The optimum RF input power level for the combined bundle of signals is evaluated for both downstream (using external transmission) and upstream (using direct modulation). The successful demodulation of all signals confirms the actual possibility of coexistence of multi-format OFDM wireless with legacy baseband data. Also, it is demonstrated that the system with OFDM-GbE can achieve longer optical reach using centralized OFDM compensation. In this case, the possibility of providing video overlay with more DVB-T channels is confirmed for the complete UHF band.
Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamics analyses to predict the antiviral activity of ginger constituents against coronavirus infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract COVID-19 is a global pandemic that caused a dramatic loss of human life worldwide, leading to accelerated research for antiviral drug discovery. Herbal medicine is one of the most commonly used alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of many conditions including respiratory system diseases. In this study, a computational pipeline was employed, including network pharmacology, molecular docking simulations, and molecular dynamics simulations, to analyze the common phytochemicals of ginger rhizomes and identify candidate constituents as viral inhibitors. Furthermore, experimental assays were performed to analyze the volatile and non-volatile compounds of ginger and to assess the antiviral activity of ginger oil and hydroalcoholic extract. Network pharmacology analysis showed that ginger compounds target human genes that are involved in related cellular processes to the viral infection. Docking analysis highlighted five pungent compounds and zingiberenol as potential inhibitors for the main protease (M pro ), spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Then, (6)-gingerdiacetate was selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as it exhibited the best binding interactions and free energies over the three target proteins. Trajectories analysis of the three complexes showed that RBD and ACE2 complexes with the ligand preserved similar patterns of root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration (Rg) values to their respective native structures. Finally, experimental validation of the ginger hydroalcoholic extract confirmed the existence of (6)-gingerdiacetate and revealed the strong antiviral activity of the hydroalcoholic extract with IC $$_{50}$$ 50 of 2.727 $$\upmu \hbox {g}/\hbox {ml}$$ μ g / ml . Our study provides insights into the potential antiviral activity of (6)-gingerdiacetate that may enhance the host immune response and block RBD binding to ACE2, thereby, inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Navigating New Horizons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The evolving Indian education system, driven by the global demand for foreign language proficiency, faces a critical challenge in literacy. While AI integration holds promise, the current curriculum's oral proficiency focus neglects crucial reading and writing skills. This imbalance results in learners adept in spoken aspects but deficient in comprehensive language skills. The study aims to assess the state of foreign language learning, explore AI's impact on literacy, and identify opportunities and challenges in AI integration. The goal is to propose nuanced recommendations for a transformative shift towards a more inclusive and effective foreign language education system, addressing the unique needs of India's linguistic landscape.
STUDY ON SUB-HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS IN CHONGQING

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

[Objective]To investigate the sub-health status of adolescents in Chongqing,so as to provide theory support for health education and sub-health intervention of adolescents in Chongqing.[Methods]2 292 adolescents in Chongqing were investigated by Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents(MSQA) .[Results]The rates of physical,psychological and psychosomatic sub-health symptoms were 35.4%,48.3%,56.0% respectively;The rates of physical,psychological and psychosomatic sub-health status were 13.8%,13.8%,12.6% respectively,which were significantly higher than those of national norm.The rate of psychosomatic sub-health states in girls were significantly higher than that in boys.The rates of physical,psychological and psychosomatic sub-health symptoms and status were highest in high schools,lowest in universities.The rates of physical sub-health symptoms of adolescents in urban were significantly higher than in rural areas.[Conclusion]The sub-health status of adolescents in Chongqing is poor,so sub-health education for adolescents in Chongqing should be enforced.
Induction of Midcycle Gonadotropin Surge by Ovarian Steroids in Women: A Critical Evaluation*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite major efforts, the roles of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) as signals for triggering the midcycle gonadotropin surge in women remain incompletely defined. In the present study, a preovulatory configuration of E2 and P4 levels was achieved during the midfollicular phase of normal women and in hypogondal women (with E2 implants) by stepwise incremental infusions of E2 and P4. During the 96 h of E2 infusion alone, reproducible and concomitant surges of LH and FSH occurred after latency periods of (mean +/- SE) 58 +/- 6.9 and 68.2 +/- 2.6 h in midfollicular and hypogonadal subjects, respectively. The mean duration of the E2-induced surge was shorter for both normal midfollicular (22.7 +/- 3.9 h) and hypogonadal women (21.8 +/- 2.5 h) than is the spontaneous midcycle surge (48 h). When P4 infusion was superimposed 48 h after the initiation of E2 infusion, a LH/FSH surge that approximated the dimension of the spontaneous surge was achieved in both groups of women. For the hypogonadal women, but not midfollicular women, P4 infusion also advanced the surge onset by 14.7 h (P less than 0.001). Our data represent the first unequivocal demonstration that incremental E2 sustained for about 60 h constitutes the ovarian signal for initiating the midcycle gonadotropin surge and that a small increment of P4 secreted by the preovulatory follicle is required to establish the normal dimension of the surge. Thus, P4, although essential for creating a normal gonadotropic surge, operates by synergizing the obligatory action of E2.
Effects of explaining on children's preference for simpler hypotheses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research suggests that the process of explaining influences causal reasoning by prompting learners to favor hypotheses that offer “good” explanations. One feature of a good explanation is its simplicity. Here we investigate whether prompting children to generate explanations for observed effects increases the extent to which they favor causal hypotheses that offer simpler explanations, and whether this changes over the course of development. Children aged 4, 5, and 6 years observed several outcomes that could be explained by appeal to a common cause (the simple hypothesis) or two independent causes (the complex hypothesis). We varied whether children were prompted to explain each observation or, in a control condition, to report it. Children were then asked to make additional inferences for which the competing hypotheses generated different predictions. The results revealed developmental differences in the extent to which children favored simpler hypotheses as a basis for further inference in this task: 4-year- olds did not favor the simpler hypothesis in either condition; 5-year-olds favored the simpler hypothesis only when prompted to explain; and 6-year-olds favored the simpler hypothesis whether or not they explained.
Screening for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Are We Asking the Impossible?—Response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We appreciate the thoughtful comments of Katona and colleagues (1) on our recent work. Regarding pancreatic cancer screening in high-risk patients, we agree screening is a reasonable strategy to improve outcomes in this cohort. As pointed out, for at-risk patients, screening guidelines have been established (2). However, the currently defined high-risk population represents only 5% of patients with pancreatic cancer (3). The central argument of our article is not in the elimination of screening for high-risk individuals, rather that pursuing population-based screening at the expense of research to improve outcomes will not provide an overall benefit due to the low incidence in the population targeted for screening.Furthermore, the purpose of our analysis was not to debate a specific test's utility, rather to point out that even with a combination of tests offering near perfect (99.9%) specificity, there is significant harm of false-positive tests due to low population incidence and treatment morbidity. Even with current multimodal diagnostic testing, there remains a 6%–13% rate of unexpected benign histopathology after resection (4, 5). With this parallel testing, a disease is considered to be present only when all tests are positive. Parallel testing can increase testing specificity, as the specificity of the series of tests is greater than for any test alone. However, this comes at the expense of sensitivity, which decreases with each additional test, as described by the following equations:Using these principles, a screening program including imaging, biopsy, and multidisciplinary discussion has a calculatable specificity and sensitivity. It is feasible specificity of this program could reach 99.9%. However, sensitivity decreases with each added component, resulting in more false negatives. In reality, a screening program with 99.9% specificity and sensitivity, as used in our calculations, is unrealistic. Even if obtained, our calculations demonstrate harm outweighs potential benefits.We hope our article draws attention to the imbalance of funding in pancreatic cancer research. With current treatment risks, designing a population-based screening program without causing harm is unrealistic. While better identification of at-risk groups is one strategy to improve testing, the priority should be on improving surgical outcomes and treatment response, which is applicable to the whole cohort of patients with pancreas cancer. Once effective treatments with minimal comorbidity have been developed, screening will be more broadly applicable.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 973No disclosures were reported.
Imagined Adulthood: Resources, plans and contradictions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we illustrate the contradictory consequences of female individualization by exploring young people's imagined futures, drawing on an analysis of 'lifelines' collected as part of an ongoing longitudinal qualitative study of young people's transitions to adulthood. We discuss the method and compare lifelines across the sample. We suggest that while there are areas of consensus (such as the hetero-normative goal of marriage and children by 35) the traditionally gendered transitions to adulthood are under pressure, a pressure that is exerted most strongly by working class young people. Through three contrasting case studies we illustrate how the ways in which young people imagine their futures are constrained by the resources and possibilities of their particular social locations.
Effect of ethephon and planting density on lodged plant percentage and crop yield in maize (Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing maize production is vital in many developing countries. One way of increasing production is through adoption of high planting densities. However, high planting densities are associated with intra-specific competition between plants for resources like nutrients, water and sunlight, as a result weak stalks develops which are susceptible to lodging. The challenge of lodging in high planting densities can be reduced by ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid). A 3 x 2 factorial experiment in randomised complete block design was carried out at New Donnington Farm, Zimbabwe in the 2011/12 rainy season to study the effects of ethephon rates and planting densities on maize. Ethephon rate had the following levels 0 l/ha (control), 0.56 l/ha and 0.84 l/ha while the density consisted of 53,333 and 80,000 plants/ha. Ethephon rate significantly (p˂0.05) reduced the plant height of maize as compared to the control plants across different levels of planting densities. Also a significant increase (p˂0.05) in internode diameter in the treated stands over the control plants across different levels of planting densities was recorded. Ethephon treatment significantly reduced (p˂0.05) the percentage of lodged plants from 6.54 (control) to 4.34 and 2% for medium and high rate, respectively. Grain yield increased significantly in response to increased rates of ethephon at high planting density by 28.5 and 29.1 tons/ha for medium and high rate, respectively. Key words: Maize, ethephon, planting, density, lodging.
Was Marx right after all? A Critical Analysis of the Global Financial Crisis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A crise na qual nos encontramos em 2009 foi, de certa forma, um pouco antecipada; talvez não devesse ter sido antecipada, dada a consternação geral e instabilidade nos terríveis prejuízos que até recentemente ninguém acreditava que poderiam passar pelos parlamentos e burocracias governamentais, não somente na Alemanha como também em outros países da Europa, e até mesmo na China.Sem dúvida: as perdas financeiras devido à crise são substanciais. Porém, comparado a outros fenômenos de crise, este não deverá ser o pior por vir. Somos confrontados com uma crise de energia, que no momento é de interesse menor, visto que, devido à queda na demanda geral, há uma queda correspondente na demanda por energia e, portanto, o preço do petróleo está caindo. Provavelmente, este será um fenômeno a curto-prazo, antes que o preço do petróleo se recupere novamente e a crise energética ganhe força. As limitações dos recursos de energias fósseis armazenados na crosta terrestre são um fato imutável, tornado-se necessária a preparação para se usar, num futuro próximo, recursos de energias não fósseis.
Market Power and Wage Inflation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The interactions between a firm's oligopoly power and the wages paid to its employees have been discussed in both static and dynamic contexts. Most of the interest in the static aspects of this problem stems from the theory of countervailing power between large firms and multiplant unions which was proposed by Galbraith [4]. This theory suggests that unions will organize in industries where product-market power exists, and that both imperfections will tend to raise wages there above what they would be in a competitive economy.' It does not, however, contain any implications for the behavior of wages over the business cycle, although some work has attempted to demonstrate that wage changes are larger in concentrated industries.2 In this study we ex-
AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER: A CLINICAL CASE STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bipolar disorder is characterized by manic, hypo-manic and depressive episodes. This case study describes how psychosocial factors lead to psychological illnesses, which then impairs individual’s social, occupational and other areas of functioning. The client H.K. was 22 years old boy, unmarried, educated up to middle, was 2nd born among 3 siblings and lived in a nuclear family. He was brought to the Lahore general hospital by the end of May, 2019 with the presenting complaints of self talk, labile mood, forgetfulness, poor sleep and appetite, flight of ideas and anger. Informal assessment was done through behavioral observations, mental status observation, clinical interview, baseline charts, and subjective rating of symptoms. Formal assessment was done through positive and negative syndrome scale, young’s mania rating scale, and beck’s depression inventory. The client was diagnosed with bipolar I disorder according to DSM 5. It took 12 sessions to manage client’s symptoms and Deep Breathing, Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Peripheral Questioning, Energy Channelization, Mood Monitoring etc. were used for this purpose. The client reported overall improvement of 80 % in his symptoms after therapeutic intervention.
Strategi Penguatan Usaha BUMDesa Melalui Peningkatan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The government continues to make efforts to increase village development. This is evidenced by the implementation of one of the programs in the form of the establishment of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). BUMDes was established based on the principles that characterize this business unit. These principles is such as cooperative, balance, tranparansi and accounting. These principles must be implemented in financial management carried out by BUMDes. One of them happened at BUMDes in Bogo Village. This village has the uniqueness as a tourist village, namely kelor village. In the village, BUMDes is also established, Unit Dagang and Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) which has made financial statements. Through the qualitative approach used by the researcher and interviewing some of the information in this study, the results are obtained if in terms of transparency, the financial reports that have been prepared in each period have met transparency. This is evidenced by the financial statements that have been prepared and have been informed to the Village Head and local village officials. However, on the other hand, the financial statements they did are not comply with the standards that have been put in place by the Government. Therefore, the need to adjust the financial statements of BUMDes in Bogo Village to the standards set by the Government and the encouragement of cooperation conducted by bogo village with related agencies for the performance of BUMDes is getting better.
Hyperglobulinemic purpura terminating in myeloma, hyperlipemia, and xanthomatosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of long-standing hyperglobulinemic purpura eventuating in xanthoma tuberosum, hyperlipidemia, and myeloma is presented. Laboratory studies disclosed marked elevations of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and β2-globulin. Bone marrow examination confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. The causal relationship of the myeloma protein to the hyperlipidemia is discussed.
The Sublime Quran: The misinterpretation of Chapter 4 Verse 34

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For over 14 centuries, Muslim men have misinterpreted a verse of the Quran (4:34) to allow themselves to beat their wives. The Sublime Quran, the first critical English translation of the Quran by a woman, corrects this error and shows how it has created a contradiction not inherent in the Quran itself.
Chemometrics in Tandem with Hyperspectral Imaging for Detecting Authentication of Raw and Cooked Mutton Rolls

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Authentication assurance of meat or meat products is critical in the meat industry. Various methods including DNA- or protein-based techniques are accurate for assessing meat authenticity, however, they are destructive, expensive, or laborious. This study explores the feasibility of chemometrics in tandem with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for identifying raw and cooked mutton rolls substitution by pork and duck rolls. Raw or cooked samples (n = 180) of three meat species were prepared to collect hyperspectral images in range of 400–1000 nm. Spectra were extracted from representative regions of interest (ROIs), and spectral principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that PC1 and PC2 were effective for the identification. Different methods including standard normal variable (SNV), first and second derivatives, and normalization were individually employed for spectral preprocessing, and modeling methods of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machines (SVM) were also individually applied to develop classification models for both the raw and the cooked. Results showed that PLS-DA model developed by raw spectra presented the highest 100% correct classification rate (CCR) of success in all sets. After that, effective wavelengths selected by successive projections algorithm (SPA) built optimal simplified models which didn’t influence the modeling results compared with full spectra regardless of the meat roll states. Therefore, SPA-PLS-DA models were subsequently used to visualize the raw and cooked meat rolls classification. As a consequence, the general meat species of both raw and cooked meat rolls were readily discernible in pixel-wise manner by generating classification maps. The results showed that HSI combined with chemometrics can be used to identify the authentication of raw and cooked mutton rolls substituted by pork and duck rolls accurately. This promising methodology provides a reference which can be extended to the classification or grading of other meat rolls.