jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Skateboard injuries: preliminary report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

admitted to being overweight at the time of the survey, and 70 had smoked cigarettes most of their adult lives.There was a 2:1 ratio of sedentary to non-sedentary workers.The incidence and episodes of all ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction in the cyclists is compared with equivalent age groups in the National Morbidity Survey (NMS) (1971) (see table ).The drawback of comparing NMS figures, which are based on cases reported to GPs, with the questionnaire is that the latter has no details of dead FCOT members before death and the population structure is different.Only a general impression therefore is claimed from these figures.Comparison with a similar group or club of "survivors" would have been more desirable.
Diabetes and Obesity as Independent Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Population Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We aimed to analyze bone mineralization and the effect of different risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We studied 2,756 postmenopausal subjects out of ≥10,000 records from the ROIS registry in the frame of the PROF Project, a population study carried out in Salento (Taranto, Brindisi, Lecce) from 2009 to 2012. All subjects were assessed by phalangeal Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) to evaluate their bone mineralization (assessed by Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound, AD-SoS) and the association between demineralization and the presence of other conditions or risk factors. Mean age was 64±9.5 years and mean BMI was 28.7±3.5 Kg/m 2 . Pearson correlation analyses revealed a negative association between bone mineralization (AD-SoS) and BMI (P<0.001). By using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we observed significant values of Odds Ratios of osteoporosis (adjusted for age, physical activity and the use of drugs known to increase the risk of fractures) in subjects with diabetes and obesity: 1.39 (CI: 1,05–1,83) and 1.46 (CI: 1.20–1.78), respectively. A statistically significant linear trend of higher Odds Ratios of osteoporosis was found for increasing values of BMI. The percent change in the odds of vertebral fractures per single SD decrease of AD-SoS was 47% (P<0.001). Diabetes and obesity in postmenopausal women are likely to represent independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Phalangeal QUS showed a good power of predictivity in identifying subjects with vertebral fractures.
Observed Inflation Persistence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Much recent monetary policy literature has searched for structural models suitable for policy analysis that are both based on optimising microfoundations and consistent with the data, especially the persistence that we observe in inflation, output and interest rates. Few models do well on both criteria. The standard (and well microfounded) New Keynesian Phillips curve based on Calvo pricing largely fails to match observed dynamics. Empirical performance is substantially improved by the addition of a lagged inflation term which may be interpreted as reflecting rule of thumb behaviour in price or wage setting but this remains controversial. This paper develops a fully microfounded model of price setting behaviour without rule of thumb effects which, when combined with standard discretionary policy, predicts inflation (and output/interest rate) persistence comparable to that observed. This enhanced data consistency is achieved simply by allowing the probability of a firm changing its price to rise with the time since last price change for 3-5 periods within an otherwise standard New Keynesian model. Stronger dynamics occur because an increasing probability, in contrast to the Calvo constant hazard assumption, implies that lagged as well as current expectations, prices and (crucially) shocks matter for current outcomes.
Algal, invertebrate, and fish production in headwater streams along a forested gradient

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As urban populations increase globally, the conversion of natural land cover to anthropogenic land use is on the rise. Diffuse perturbations that accompany such land use changes are considered a chief threat to headwater streams, which provide habitat for diverse faunas of macroinvertebrates, fish, and amphibians and are important sources of sediments, nutrients, and organic matter for downstream systems. Although environmental assessments of stream ecosystems generally measure responses to these perturbations as shifts in community structures, functional rather than structural properties may provide a better indicator of land use impacts since measures of ecosystem function can reveal more about the mechanisms that alter running water ecosystems. The primary objective of this thesis was to quantify stream productivity along a gradient of forest cover and assess bottom-up and top-down mechanisms for observed patterns in stream productivity. In the first chapter, I quantified algal, invertebrate, and fish biomass, the single best correlate of productivity, at 38 first-third order streams along a forest cover gradient at 55 spatial scales and determined that subcatchment forest cover was consistently the best predictor of biomass at all trophic levels in terms of the variation explained by forest cover and the unexplained residual variance. When considering the independent effects of forest cover on biomass at three coarse scales, subcatchment forest cover was the only significant predictor of biomass, suggesting that the common practice of maintaining riparian buffers is an ineffective management practice for protecting stream function from catchment-wide impacts. In the second chapter, I developed two time-saving approaches for processing benthic invertebrate samples that reduced laboratory processing time by 37% and 82% and provided production estimates that were strongly related to production estimates obtained from standard processing techniques. These time-saving approaches were used in chapter 3 so that I could measure algal, invertebrate, and fish production at 12 sites along a gradient of subcatchment forest cover, which I determined to be the most influential spatial scale on biomass in chapter 1. Total nitrogen was a significant bottom-up force that explained 34-83% of the variation in stream productivity at all three trophic levels. However, consumer production to consumption ratios indicated that predators and grazers can potentially deplete their food sources, and that top-down forces are therefore also important contributors to observed patterns in productivity and biomass along the forested gradient.
Stock Structure of Rainbow Smelt in Western Lake Superior:Population Characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Significant differences in length-frequency distributions, fecundity, and growth of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax were found among collections from three zones along the Minnesota shoreline of Lake Superior. These differences were consistent with genetic evidence suggesting three discrete stocks of rainbow smelt. Geographic separation, possibly in combination with predation, may have been responsible for the isolation of stocks to the extent that local adaptations resulted in the observed differences. Although statistically significant, the actual differences in traditional population characters appeared small, potentially a result of weak or recently applied selective pressures. Future changes in predatory or competitive pressures or changes in exploitation rates may alter selective pressures and thus may have important influences on dynamics and condition of rainbow smelt stocks in Lake Superior. Received August 30, 1983 Accepted August 24, 1984
To Settle or to Fight to the End? Case-level Determinants of Early Settlement of Investor-State Disputes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract International investment arbitration is a third-party dispute resolution mechanism aimed mainly at depoliticizing investment disputes and maintaining efficient investment flows among countries. Almost one-third of treaty-based investor-state disputes brought before this system are settled before the tribunal’s final ruling. Given the classical “Against Settlement” debate in the legal literature, we build an original database of treaty-based arbitrations from 1996 to 2016 to empirically test the determinants of early settlement. We find that the probability of settlement increases if the host state has no experience of resolving those kinds of disputes but decrease if it anticipates a favorable outcome. The nature of the regulatory measures applied by the host state and the identity of foreign investors are additional important determinants of settlement. Interestingly, we find strong evidence of a Dutch effect in dispute resolution.
Observation of the curative effect of Huangqi inoculation fluid union chemotherapy on the treatment of acute leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Huangqi inoculation fluid union chemotherapy in the treat- ment of the induction chemotherapy time of acute leukemia.Methods The patients with acute leukemia were ran- domized into two groups:the 1st group treated with conventional induction chemotherapy(control-group) and the 2nd group treated with chemotherapy treatment union Huangqi inoculation fluid(observation-group).Chinieal effects and poisonous side effects of two groups were compared.Results The completely alleviating rate of observation- group was 87.75%,the partially alleviating rate of observation-group was 4.04%,and KPS grades total improve- ment rate was 73.47%;the completely alleviating rate of control-group was 50.00%,the partially alleviating rate of control group was 16.67%,and KPS grades total improvement rate was 36.67%;the poisonous side effects of ob- servation-group was lower titan that of the control-group(P0.01).Conclusion Huangqi inoculation fluid plays animportant role in the induction chemotherapy of enhancing completely alleviating rate and reducing the poisonous side effects of acute leukemia,as well as serves as an auxiliary medicine for acute leukemia chemotherapy.
My Mother Tied Me on Her Back: Story of Smallpox

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hijikata's 1972 tour de force dance performance, "Great Dance Mirror of Burnt Sacrifice—Performance to Commemorate the Second Unity of the School of the Dance of Utter Darkness—Twenty-seven Nights for Four Seasons," was a high point for Hijikata.1 Held over 27 days from October 25th to November 20th at the Shinjuku Culture Art Theater, the dance attracted approximately 8,500 viewers. There were five different performances, each repeated five or six times in succession. In order, they were Story of Smallpox (Hôsôtan), DissoluteJewel (Susamedama), Thoughts of an Insulator (Gaishikô), Avalanche Candy (Nadare-ame), and Seaweed Granny (Gibasan). This series of performances marked an early presentation of Hijikata's attempt to build an entirely new dance vocabulary that could produce new kinds of movements and effects, and encode multiple narratives.KeywordsChinese CharacterJapanese PeopleSpousal AbuseDance MovementBuddhist TempleThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Seed survival and predation of Anoda cristata in soyabean crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Anoda cristata is a troublesome annual broad‐leaved weed in summer crops in the rolling Pampa in Argentina; seeds are the only source of regeneration of this species. Seed persistence or depletion is the result of survival and loss processes, including predation. The objective of this study was to determine survival at two burial depths in undisturbed soil and predation rates of A. cristata seeds in soyabean crops in different rotations and tillage systems. Survival was discontinuous and decreased to 25% after 35 months, after which no further reduction in survival was observed to the end of the experiment at 96 months. No differences in seed survival between seeds placed on the soil surface and buried 5 cm below the soil surface were found at 80 months, but at later times survival was lower for seeds placed on the soil surface. Predation rates ranged between 0.3% day −1 and 6.7% day −1 . Of the models tested, a polynomial regression of the rate of predation with time gave the best representation of seed predation. From January to July, predation was higher in non‐tillage plots in the wheat/soyabean rotation. There was no significant difference in predation rates between tillage systems in the soyabean monoculture and no difference between planting densities. Higher crop residue levels in non‐tillage plots in the wheat/soyabean rotation was the dominant factor influencing seed predation, probably because such habitat favours the presence of seed predators.
Using Expectancy Theory to Assess Group-Level Differences in Student Motivation: A Replication in the Russian Far East

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We replicate and extend previous studies examining expectancy theory, accounting student motivation, and cultural differences (Harrell et al. 1985; Geiger and Cooper 1996; Geiger et al. 1998). Using a within-persons decision modeling approach, individuals from four Russian accounting student groups were analyzed to determine whether group subcultures affect individual motivation and effort decisions. We find significant differences across individuals in different groups regarding the relative influences of three potential motivators: improving overall grade-point average, increased personal satisfaction, and increased esteem within the group. Regarding the students' effort-level decisions, we find no evidence of group-level differences. Overall, our evidence indicates Russian accounting students tend to value expectancy over valence in making their effort decisions; however, this finding is, in part, due to gender differences.
The gardens of Glamis: an aerial view

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Traces of the gardens laid out around Glamis Castle in the late 17th century have been recorded during aerial survey. The paper discusses the form of the gardens, the indications of earlier features, their character and their destruction. Documentation relating to the estate, the architectural sketches on the Pont manuscript maps and the results from geophysical survey are considered in relation to the evidence from the cropmarks.
Radiation-induced photoconductivity in polymers: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) compared with polyethylene terephthalate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Transient and dc photoconductivity measurements are presented for two low-mobility dielectrics, poly (vinylidene fluoride) and polyethylene terephthalate. In each case, the data are analyzed using the present models for dispersive transport, and the inadequacies of these theories when applied to these low-mobility dielectrics are illustrated. In this paper we report an anomalously small transient photoresponse in poly (vinylidene fluoride); from our analysis, we attribute this result to the dispersive transport limited drift mobility in this material. Polymer structure and electric field contributions to the radiation-induced conductivity in these dielectrics are also discussed.
KONTRIBUSI ENVIRONMENT BEHAVIOURS DAN INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOURS TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA PADA PRAKTIK KERJA INDUSTRI (Studi pada Peserta didik Kelas XI SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Banjarmasin TA. 2016/ 2017)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractSocial studies have an important role in the formation of social skills by applying the five principles of meaningful learning, integrative, value-based, challenging and active. Environment behaviors and interpersonal behaviors are included in social skills that affect job readiness on industrial work practices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of environment behaviors and interpersonal behaviors to the readiness of work on industrial work practices. This research uses quantitative descriptive method. Subjects of students of Accounting and Office Administration expertise. The object of this study is the skills of social environment behaviors and interpersonal behaviors in industrial work practices. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analyzed through SPSS and calculation of description. The results showed that: 1) the contribution of environment behaviors by 75.5% in high level. 2) the contribution of interpersonal behaviors of 17.9% in very low level and 3) the contribution of environment behaviors and interpersonal behaviors in the readiness of industrial work practices 61.6% in high level.Keywords: Environment, Green Behaviors, Interpersonal, Social Studies, Job Readiness.AbstrakIPS berperan penting dalam pembentukan keterampilan sosial dengan menerapkan prinsip meaningful learning, integrative, value-based, challenging dan active. Perilaku lingkungan (environment behaviors) dan perilaku interpersonal (interpersonal behaviors) termasuk dalam keterampilan sosial yang mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja pada praktik kerja industri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kontribusi environment behaviors dan interpersonal behaviors terhadap kesiapan kerja pada praktik kerja industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 3 Banjarmasin keahlian Akuntansi dan Administrasi Perkantoran. Objek penelitian ini adalah keterampilan sosial environment behaviors dan interpersonal behaviors dalam praktik kerja industri. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisa melalui SPSS dan perhitungan deskripsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kontribusi environment behaviors sebesar 75,5% dalam level tinggi. 2) kontribusi interpersonal behaviors sebesar 17,9% dalam level sangat rendah dan 3) kontribusi environment behaviors dan interpersonal behaviors dalam kesiapan kerja praktik kerja industri sebesar 61,6% dalam level tinggi.Kata Kunci: Environment Behaviors, Interpersonal Behaviors, IPS, Kesiapan Kerja.
Antiarthritic and Antiinflammatory Effects of Certain Prostaglandins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PGE1 and PGE2 produce antiarthritic and acute antiinflammatory effects when given at high dosages to rats. PGA2 and PGF2a are inactive in these tests. All of the prostaglandins examined here are inactive when given orally to rats with acute or chronic inflammation. Other vasoactive drugs (ethyl alochol and isoproterenol) inhibit acute and chronic inflammation. Paradoxically, perhaps, it has been reported that prostaglandins are proinflammatory (12-14). Other proinflammatory drugs (digitonin, saponin, and Filipin) also elicit nonspecific acute antiinflammatory effects when given intraperitoneally. The high pharmacologic doses of prostaglandins required to elicit antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals cause adrenal hyperplasia, prostration, and diarrhea. It is conceivable that their secondary antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects may be related to these primary phenomena.
The surface cyclic AMP receptor in Dictyostelium. Levels of ligand-induced phosphorylation, solubilization, identification of primary transcript, and developmental regulation of expression.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A monospecific polyclonal antiserum to the surface cAMP receptor of Dictyostelium has been developed by immunization with purified receptor immobilized on particles of polyacrylamide and on nitrocellulose paper. In Western blots, the antiserum displays high affinity and specificity for both the R (Mr 40,000) and D (Mr 43,000) forms of the receptor previously identified by photoaffinity labeling with 8-azido-[32P] cAMP. These bands, labeled with the photoaffinity label or with 32 Pi, were quantitatively and specifically immunoprecipitated, supporting co-purification data that all represent the same polypeptide. The R form, found in unstimulated cells, contained at least 0.2 mol of phosphate/mol of receptor. The D form, generated by cAMP stimulation of intact cells, contained at least 4 mol of phosphate/mol of receptor. In the absence of detergents, the receptor was exclusively located on membranes. The receptor was solubilized effectively in Triton X-100 and sedimented as a broad peak of 5-7 S on sucrose velocity gradients. Western blots of membranes isolated at different times after starvation indicate that the appearance of cell surface cAMP binding sites during the aggregation stage of development (5-6 h) is due to de novo synthesis of receptor protein. Pulse labeling with [35S]methionine indicated that the receptor is most rapidly synthesized during the preaggregation stage of development (1-3 h), prior to its maximal accumulation in membranes. The serum specifically immunoprecipitates a polypeptide of Mr 37,000 from an in vitro translation reaction using RNA isolated from preaggregation stage cells. The time course of expression of the mRNA coding for the Mr 37,000 polypeptide parallels the rate of receptor synthesis in vivo.
Organisationskomitee und Workshopleitung

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recording) hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einer beliebten Methode entwickelt, um effektiv und effizient multimediale Inhalte zu erstellen. Mit diesem Verfahren können aus der Präsenzlehre weitestgehend automatisiert Lerninhalte, sogenannte eLectures, ohne eine kostenintensive Produktion erzeugt werden, die zugleich eine sehr hohe Akzeptanz bei den Lernenden besitzen. Diese Dokumente können dann als Basis für zeit- und ortsunabhängige Bildungsangebote dienen, da sie vielfältige didaktische Einsatzmöglichkeiten gestatten. Ziel der damit verbundenen Vorgehensweise ist es, die während einer Präsentation vermittelten Inhalte und Medienströme möglichst vollständig zu konservieren und daraus automatisch ein multimediales Lerndokument zu erzeugen, das auch die persönliche Note des Vortragenden enthält. Im Mindestfall handelt es sich bei den aufgezeichneten Medien um den gesprochenen Vortrag sowie die Präsentationsfolien, die synchron wiedergegeben werden. In der Regel wird auch die Interaktion der Vortragenden mit den Materialien erfasst wie z.B. das Zeigen auf bestimmte Teile einer Folie, Hervorhebungen oder handschriftliche Kommentare. Die zeitlich synchrone Wiedergabe dieser dynamischen Annotationen fördert die
Fly or Die : Converting The Game From SFML to Unity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fly or Die was a first year project that became fairly successful. It won the Gamer’s Choice Award at the Swedish Game Awards 2013 and has been on display in many locations, both in Sweden and abroad. Recreating the game and porting it from SFML to Unity was sparked by winning the award and by all the attention that the game received prior to the conversion pro-cess. The final version requires the Unity 5 Personal Edition and Microsoft Visual Studio 2013. The conversion process uses the old code base as a template and attempts to incorporate the same coding principles. In the new versions, all levels are built using many of the 2D fea-tures that Unity 5 offers, including that the game can be played with two to four players, and that some of the levels are enhanced or changed by adding additional graphics or game play enhancements. An approach to how the levels have been created and a comparison between the new and the old version is presented, including the differences, and why it was necessary to change certain aspects of some of the levels. The author thus recommends porting a game from a previous platform to Unity 5 in order to make it playable on a larger number of plat-forms, since the advantages of using an engine like Unity far outweigh the disadvantages.