jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hot embossing of multifunctional transparent polymers from Cr stamps structured by direct laser interference patterning

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this contribution, Cr stamps were structured with periodic hole-like arrays using Direct Laser Interference Patterning. Using optimized laser processing parameters, homogeneous textures with different spatial periods and aspect ratios were produced, as observed with confocal microscopy. Then, these stamps were used as molds for patterning transparent polymers, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) by plate-to-plate hot embossing. Adjusting the imprint time and temperature, replicas of the Cr stamps were fabricated reproducing faithfully the mold shape. Static water contact angle (WCA) measurements were done to study the wettability properties of these structured polymers. The results show that the produced topographies increase the WCA compared to the flat references up to an absolute maximum of 55° in the three polymers. For instance, a PET foil structured with a spatial period of 4.7 μm and a structured depth of 3 μm showed a WCA of 139° representing an increase of about 70% compared to a flat sample. The diffraction intensity of the patterned polymers was measured with an imaging optics and a spectrometer coupled to a goniometer in order to characterize their optical properties. It was found that for those samples processed with 80 or less applied laser pulses the diffraction peaks are clearly identified, whereas for large number of pulses there is more diffuse light travelling along random directions and the diffraction peaks become less defined. In conclusion, enhanced wettability and optical functionalities were achieved in transparent polymers imprinted with periodic microstructures.
Rotor Wake/Stator Interaction Noise-Predictions vs Data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A rotor wake/stator interaction noise prediction method is presented and evaluated with fan rig and fullscale engine data. The noise prediction method uses a two-dimensiona l semiempirical wake model and an analytical stator response function and noise calculation. The stator response function is a two-dimensional strip theory which is linked to a noise calculation formulated in a constant area annular duct with mean axial flow. Comparisons are made with data from an advanced ducted propeller (ADP) fan rig which is a next-generation turbofan engine design. A calibration of the prediction model is attempted using these rig data. The calibrated method is subsequently utilized to calculate and compare with noise test data from a 4.1-in.-diam fan rig and from a full-scale turbofan engine configuration. Results indicate that the method has promise, but that further improvement is desirable.
The interaction between neuroleptic treatment and sociotherapeutic approach in chronic schizophrenics. Investigations with haloperidol, penfluridol and pimozide.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the modern treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients two major trends can be outlined: sociotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy. Therefore it is an important question whether these two therapeutic approaches interact in a positive or a negative way. Selected examples of experiments about the interaction of haloperidol, penfluridol and pimozide with sociotherapy are given and discussed. It is also demonstrated that the learning capacity of the patients depends on the particular type of neuroleptic.
Globalization, China and the implications for the Newfoundland and Labrador fishing industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report reviews issues associated with globalization and specific challenges to the seafood sector in Newfoundland and Labrador. China has emerged as a major fish processing nation and is challenging developed nations. Low labour rates, high capital utilization rates and easy access to capital make China a formidable competitor. At the same time, inefficiencies within the Newfoundland and Labrador inshore sector challenge the industry to respond in this difficult environment. The industry has begun to adjust, however, structural challenges remain and this will likely limit the ability of the industry to adjust in the long term. This has implications for the long term survival of many fisheries dependent communities in this province.
Research on Function of Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol is a new space communication protocol developed specially for the proximity link. To accelerate its implementation in China, this paper analyses the protocol from the following aspects: the layered function model and the function of each layer. Especially, this paper describes the researches on the two key problems in the function realization. The two key problems include the persistent activity process in MAC sublayer and the priority scheme of the frame transmission in frame sublayer. And also, this paper proposes the solutions for these problems.
Application of power law in shallow open channel flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The knowledge of rough bed flow is essential for open channel hydraulics as flow in rivers can be considered as hydraulically rough and channel morphology and local bed friction are major contributors to flow resistance.Many researches were conducted for open channel flow with large relative submergence but few researches were conducted for flow with low relative submergence in an open channel. The hydraulics of shallow open channel flow is therefore poorly understood. This research aimed to measure the velocity distribution in a shallow open channel flow with sediment height to flow depth ratio less than 4 using a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Seven sets of experiment were conducted using a 0.3m wide flume with varying flow depths from 1.8cm to 7.6cm and gravels of diameter D50 equal to 3.28cm were used as the sediment to simulate a gravel bed open channel. The statistical stability of the velocity data are analysed with respect to time and space obtained using the PIV. The velocity data are then compared with the power law to ascertain if a relationship exists.
Systematic study on G‐protein couple receptor prototypes: did they really evolve from prokaryotic genes?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

G‐protein couple receptor (GPCR) is one of the most striking examples of signalling proteins and it is only observed in eukaryotes. Based on various GPCR identification methods and classification systems, several evolutionary presumptions of different GPCR families have been reported. However, the prototype of GPCR still limits our knowledge. By investigating its structure and domain variance, the authors propose that GPCR might be evolved from prokaryotic world. The results given by the authors indicate that metabotropic glutamate receptor family would be the ancestor of GPCR. Phylogenetic analysis hints that one of metabotropic glutamate receptor GABA is possibly formed and evolved from the ancient chemical union of bacteriorhodopsin and periplasmic binding protein. The results obtained by the authors also unprecedentedly demonstrate that specific domains and identical structures are shown in each type of GPCR, which provides unique opportunities for future strategies on GPCR orphans’ prediction and classification.
Effects of amount and type of graduate teaching assistant (GTA) training on perceived teacher credibility and student motivation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The graduate student's transformation from student to instructor can be a difficult one. Having been a pupil for many years, the graduate student is very familiar with the roles, responsibilities, and the full persona of the student. Then the scene changes and the graduate student is thrust into a new role— the role of the instructor. New graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) must fulfill the obligations and expectations of the teacher's persona. This student-tumed-instructor is now responsible for knowing the content expertly, establishing credibility, and motivating students. It is a character role that the scholar has not had much experience, if any, portraying. Even so, the new GTA is called upon to not only know the subject matter, but be able to communicate it effectively to students in a learning enviroimient (Worthen, 1992). \n\n"Each fall large numbers of new GTAs are thrown into the classroom to teach . . . many without even the limited experience of student teaching" (Cormelly, 1982, p.3). It is not uncommon for graduate teaching assistants to be in this situation. Many universities do not provide any type of instructional training to aid GTAs' leap from student to teacher. In many cases, GTAs learn the role of the instructor only by the sink or swim method—that is, they learn how to teach, facilitate discussion and manage their classrooms on a day to day, trial and error, basis (Marting, 1987). It is for this reason that some universities have developed an organized effort to enlighten these novice instructors in the fundamental principles of pedagogy.
Comparison of wideband phased array concepts for achieving frequency independent radiation characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A comparison of three phased array concepts that can be used to reduce the frequency dependence of the radiation characteristics of very wideband phased arrays is presented. The three concepts consist of a multiband array, a frequency tapered array and an array with varying element sizes and element distances. Parameters such as aperture area, number of elements, gain, effective radiated power (ERP) and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) are presented. It is shown that for two of the studied concepts, the frequency dependence can be drastically reduced compared to a conventional wideband phased array. Application of the array concepts in radar and electronic support measure (ESM) are discussed.
Effects of Soaking and High-Pressure Treatment on the Qualities of Cooked Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, changes in rice qualities from High-Pressure (HP) treatment were investigated. Milled rice grains were presoaked in water at 25 and 55°C for 30 min, subjected to HP treatment at 400 MPa for 10 min, and soaked in water overnight. The effects of presoaking temperature and HP treatment on the physical and chemical properties of rice were evaluated. The viscosities of milled rice grains increased with the soaking process. The total sugar content increased and change in the internal structure of the rice grains occurred after HP treatment. The structural change seemed to promote the water penetration and brought about a higher degree of swelling in rice granules, which might result in a higher degree of gelatinization and higher digestibility of HP-treated cooked rice. HP treatment also brought about denaturation of water soluble proteins and an increase in some free amino acids. HP processing was thus proved to be one of the advantageous processing methods for cooked rice with better palatability.
PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO RICE BLAST DISEASE IN SOME COMMERCIAL RICE CULTIVARS UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ten commercial rice cultivars were evaluated to partial resistance for blast disease under greenhouse conditions at Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, in 2000 season .Ten isolates of Pyriculuria grisea collected from different locations were tested and identified on the international differential rice varieties (IDV) and commercial rice cultivars.Five from the new cultivars i.e Giza 177, Giza 178, Sakha 101, Sakha 102, and Sakha 104 showed susceptible reactions to one or two of the tested isolates.Giza 159 and Giza 171 were susceptible to all tested isolates.The isolates placed in seven race-groups i.e. two isolates for each of group IA, IC and ID, whereas, one isolate conformed each of IB, IG, IH and II races.Two races I A-69 (Isolate No.5) as highly virulent and IG-1 (isolate No.52) as a less virulent on the IDV were selected to study partial resistace parameters.Total number of lesions / leaf or plants, sporulation density and lesions type that developed differed greatly among cultivars.The number of lesions decreased by increasing leaf age.High numbers of necrotic spots (type 1-2) on new rice cultivars than on old cultivars could be attributed to hypersensitivity phenomenon.The new rice cultivars had lower number of type 4 lesions and less number of spores / lesion (sporulation capacity) than the old cultivars.This is may reflect a level of partial resistance in addition to major gene effects on the new cultivars than the old ones.
Role of Siddha Ksheer Basti in the management of Sandhigatavata w.s.r. to effect on Calcium level

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sandhigata Vata (osteoarthritis) is VataVyadhi which is associated with Kshaya of Dhatus especially in Vriddhavastha. Ayurveda mentioned various therapeutic options for the management of this condition and Basti Karma is one such approach. Tikta Dravya Siddha Basti advised for Asthi Kshaya Janya Roga since Sandhigata Vata is also Asthi Kshaya Janya Roga hence in present study we selected Tikta Dravya Siddha Basti for the management of Sandhigata Vata, study based on ancient texts available in Rasatarangini. The study observed marked improvement in diseases symptoms and elevation in calcium level may be due to the Yapana, Brimhana, Shodhan and Vata shamak properties of Tikta Dravya Siddha Ksheer Basti.
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an essential role in regulating the access of glucocorticoids to nuclear receptors. Chronically elevated levels of glucocorticoids cause obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (the metabolic syndrome) and impairments in memory. Dysregulation of 11β-HSD1 has been implicated in all of these disease states. Studies with transgenic mice have demonstrated that overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in adipose tissue produces the metabolic syndrome, while knockout of the enzyme produces mice with a cardioprotective phenotype that resist cognitive decline with ageing. Studies with selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have demonstrated that it is possible to lower plasma glucose and triglyceride levels as well as food intake and the rate of body weight gain. Consequently, 11β-HSD1 is an important target for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment, with many companies pursuing the development of inhibitors. This patent review focuses on the large number of patents published since 2005.
Pulmonary nodule detection in low dose computed tomography using a medical-to-medical transfer learning approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, a semi-automated method was developed to detect lung nodules in LDCTs using HDCT pre-trained weights as the initial weights and retraining the model. Further, the results were compared by replacing HDCT pre-trained weights in the above approach with COCO pre-trained weights. The proposed method may identify early lung nodules during the screening program, reduce overdiagnosis and follow-ups due to misdiagnosis in LDCTs, start treatment options in the affected patients, and lower the mortality rate.
Efficient complex skill training into old age : exploring the benefits of cognitive load theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

B ecause we don't know when we will die, we get to think of life as an inexhaustible well.Yet everything happens only a certain number of times, and a very small number, really.How many more times will you remember a certain afternoon of your childhood, some afternoon that's so deeply a part of your being that you can't even conceive of your life without it?Perhaps four or five times more, perhaps not even that.How many more times will you watch the full moon rise?Perhaps twenty.And yet it all seems limitless.
Studies on the Relationship of Structure to Antimicrobial Properties of Naphthaquinones and other Constituents of Alkanna tinctoria

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The robot open source software community, in particular\nROS, drastically boosted robotics research. However, a centralized place\nto exchange open hardware designs does not exist. Therefore we launched\nthe Robotic Open Platform (ROP). A place to share and discuss open\nhardware designs. Among others it currently contains detailed descriptions\nof Willow Garage's TurtleBot, the NimbRo-OP created by the University\nof Bonn and the AMIGO robot of Tech United Eindhoven. Eventually,\nROP will contain a collection of aordable hardware components,\nallowing researchers to focus on cutting-edge research on a particular\ncomponent instead of having to design the entire robot from scratch. As\nan example of how the Robotic Open Platform is able to facilitate this\nknowledge transfer, we introduce TURTLE-5k: A redesign of an existing\nsoccer robot by a consortium of our university and companies in the\nwider Eindhoven area. Cooperating with industrial partners resulted in\na signicant cost reduction.
Tomography in a Juvenile Tillaux Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Juvenile Tillaux fractures are Salter-Harris Type III physeal fractures involving the lateral weight-bearing surface of the distal tibia. A recent case demonstrates the usefulness of tomography as an adjunct to routine radiographs as a more accurate means of diagnosing the amount and direction of fracture displacement, a critical factor when treatment decisions are made.
Making the most of what we have: A practical application of multidimensional item response theory in test scoring

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article proposes a practical method that capitalizes on the availability of information from multiple tests measuring correlated abilities given in a single test administration. By simultaneously estimating different abilities with the use of a hierarchical Bayesian framework, more precise estimates for each ability dimension are obtained. The efficiency of the proposed method is most pronounced when highly correlated abilities are estimated from multiple short tests. Employing Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques allows for straightforward estimation of model parameters.
Risk management of manufacturing multinational corporations: the moderating effects of international asset dispersion and supply chain integration

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the contingencies of supply chain risk management (SCRM) in manufacturing multinational corporations (MNCs) by exploring the moderating role of international asset dispersion in the performance effect of SCRM, as well as the counteraction effect of supply chain integration (SCI). Design/methodology/approach Multi-country survey data from a sample of 378 responses collected by the sixth round International Manufacturing Strategy Survey were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results demonstrate that SCRM improves the operational effectiveness of manufacturing MNCs but this performance effect is attenuated by international asset dispersion. Nevertheless, external integration can counteract the negative effect of international asset dispersion and ensure the efficacy of SCRM practices. Practical implications The results of this study provide suggestions for supply chain managers of manufacturing MNCs to better conduct SCRM practices under the condition of dispersed international assets. Besides, supply chain managers can leverage external integration to ensure the efficacy of SCRM practices. Originality/value Although there are plenty of studies on the relationship between SCRM and operational performance, prior findings are inconsistent. This study sheds light on the SCRM-operational performance relationship by considering how a manufacturing MNC’s international asset dispersion can influence the efficacy of SCRM practices and how SCI can attenuate the negative effect of international asset dispersion.
Constructing the eukaryotic expression vector to study preliminarily the functions of hammerhead ribozyme targeting base excision repair gene HOGG1.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The eukaryotic expression vector with gene of hammerhead ribozyme targeting HOGG1 mRNA was constructed successfully, and effectively inhibited the expression of HOGG1 gene in lung cancer A549 cells, and increased the cellular sensitivity to adriamycin, and will help to study deeply the functions of base excision repair genes-HOGG1.
Physiological and biochemical responses of transgenic AtEXPA1 tobacco plants to drought stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Drought stress is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses. Expansins are one of the cell wall expandable proteins that can expand the cell wall under a pH-dependent pathway. Stomatal opening rate Due to the expression of AtEXPA1 gene in transgenic plants has been observed. In this study, second generation (T2) of three transgenic tobacco lines with AtEXPA1 gene were studied for some physiological and biochemical traits under drought stress. Transgenic lines includes 2, 4 and 7 and Non-transgenic commercial cultivar Samson as control were cultivated. RWCL and leaf chlorophyll content has been reduced under drought stress, and ELIL, Lipid peroxidation as MDAL and leaf proline content has been increase. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was increased in leaves under drought stress. In this study, according to biochemical traits Line 2 and Line 7 and according to physiological traits Line4 in Compared to the control cultivar, could cope with stress and introduce as tolerate cultivars.
Reason and Intuition in Chinese Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

PHILOSOPHIZING obviously begins with the work of the mind, that is, with thought. Once Confucius said: Learning without thought leads to no result; thought without learning is adventurous.1 He meant that knowledge is based on data and method of thinking. If one has no data to work with, and merely plays with the phantasms of one's imagination, thought will be unreliable or adventurous. If one collects many data, scattered, piecemeal, and unrelated, no principle will run like a thread through the congeries to organize them into a system. One may know much but will be unable to reach a goal or to set up an ideal pattern for life. Mencius was pronouncedly a rationalist because he saw clearly that mind is the source by which knowledge of this and that, and of right and wrong, comes into being. Subsequently he became known in the history of Chinese philosophy as the founder of the School of Mind. One of his disciples asked: 'All are equally men, but some are great men, and some are men;-how is this?' Mencius replied, 'Those who follow that of themselves which is great are great men; those who follow that which is are men.' Then his disciple asked the reason. Mencius replied: The senses of hearing and seeing have nothing to do with thinking, and are obscured by external things. When one thing comes into contact with another the effect is to lead a man astray as a matter of course. To the mind belongs the office of thinking. By thinking, it gets the right view of things; by neglecting to think, it fails to do this. Thesethe senses and the mind--are what Heaven has given to us. Let a man first stand fast in the supremacy of the nobler of his constitution, and the inferior will not be able to take it from him. It is simply this which makes the great man. 2 In this discussion, the words part which is little