jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Citizenship Education around the World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prologue: Citizenship and the Purposes of Education John Petrovic and Aaron Kuntz 1. Citizenship Education in England in an Era of Perceived Globalisation: Recent Developments and Future Prospects Ben Kisby 2. Who Belongs in What Hong Kong? Citizenship Education in the Special Administrative Region Liz Jackson 3. Citizenship Education in China under Discourses of Nationalism, Cosmopolitanism, Neoliberalism and Confucianism Juanjuan Zhu and Steven P. Camicia 4. Creating Citizens in a Capitalistic Democracy: A Struggle for the Soul of American Citizenship Education Jessica A. Heybach and Eric C. Sheffield 5. Citizenship Education in Spain in the Twenty-First Century Miquel Martinez and Enric Prats 6. Lost in Citizenship Education: Questions Faced by Amerasians in Japan Kanako Ide 7. Citizenship Education and the Construction of Identity in Canada Dianne Gereluk and David Scott 8. Civic Education in Israel: Between National-Ethnocentricity and Universalism Zehavit Gross 9. On Hospitality, Responsibility and Ubuntu: Some Philosophical Remarks on Teaching and Learning in South Africa Yusef Waghid and Nuraan Davids 10. Citizenship Education in Colombia: Searching for the Political Andres Mejia D. 11. Citizenship Education in Mexico Maria-Eugenia Luna-Elizarraras 12. Tertiary Education and Critical Citizenship Peter Roberts Epilogue: Reading Citizenship Education in Neoliberal Times Aaron Kuntz and John Petrovic
Supplementary Figure 2 from Circulating Biomarkers of Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway and Lung Cancer Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 90K, Linear regression for circulating Tryptophan, Kynurenine and Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in relation to food groups, lifestyle factors and other circulating biomarkers of a nested case-control study in the EPIC cohort. Ratios of circulating concentrations with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated as 2 raised to the power of the beta estimates from linear regression models with log2-circulating concentrations as response.</p>
Study on the impact of irradiation sterilization on the shelf life of 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine and duck meat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Analysis on changes in micro -organisms,physical and chemical indicators,such as acidity,moisture content,TBA value,and nutrition indicators of crude protein,crude fat and so on of the use of irradiation sterilization on 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine and duck meat during storage. The results showed that:irradiated by 6 kGy can guarantee 90 d microbiological safety of the duck meat,and no significant impact on its physical and chemical indicators and nutrition indicators,during the storage. It able to obtain a longer shelf life in the conditions of storage at room temperature.
Political engagement and the impact of discrimination and group identification – The case of immigrants in the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political engagement of ethnic minorities is a key feature of immigrant integration. Theories explaining immigrants’ political engagement focus either on factors related to the influence of the host society or on certain immigrant characteristics. This article combines both approaches by focusing on the one hand on the degree of ethnic discrimination perceived by immigrants and on the other hand on migrants’ identification with their ethnic group and the host society. Our approach sheds light on the dynamics between discrimination, identity and political engagement. We apply data from the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study (NELLS) gathered among 1684 Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands. Findings show that national identification mediated the relationship between discrimination and engagement, and we found evidence for the rejection-disidentification model. No evidence was found for an alternative model, in which the strength of the relation between group identification and political engagement depends on perceived discrimination. In conclusion, it is shown that perceived discrimination and national identification motivate political engagement.
A Comparative Study of the Characteristics, Actions, and Mythological Symbols of the God Mithra in Religious and Mythological Narratives and Ancient Iranian Stories, and its Manifestation in the Sasanian Relief of Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The god Mithra and Jamshid Pishdadi are among the oldest mythological and religious figures of the Aryan people, playing a role in the beliefs of the Aryans before their migration and before the emergence of Zoroaster. With the appearance of Zoroaster, and the development of his thoughts in the Gathas, there is a pronounced opposition to Jamshid’s teachings, which prominently feature the sacrifice of the bull and the consumption of the intoxicating Haoma. These two practices are the main characteristics of Mithraic religion within Aryan mythology. The similarity between Jamshid and Mithra is so significant that it prompts the researcher to question whether Mithra and Jamshid can be seen as one symbolic figure within Aryan mythological and religious narratives. How have Mithraic symbols, as represented in ancient Iranian myths and narratives, been reflected in the motifs and symbols of Taq-e Bostan? This article seeks to prove the unity of Mithra and Jamshid as one figure and to uncover the relationship between the Mithraic and Zoroastrian discourses in shaping these two myths and their impact on the formation of the Aryan creation myth. Using an analytical and descriptive approach, it examines the god Mithra and Jamshid Pishdadi within the framework of religious and mythological beliefs, comparing and analyzing them. Based on this approach, Mithra manifests in Jamshid’s character in three forms, each illustrating a unique function in the Aryan mythological world. The first manifestation of Mithra is as the deity who sacrifices the bull, marking the beginning of Ahuric creation. The second is represented in Jamshid’s luminous, radiant form, protecting the Ahuric world from Ahriman’s harm. The third phase, during the Ahuric resurrection, presents the god Mithra as Saoshyant, bringing immortality with Jamshid’s primary teaching, which is the sacrificial act of the bull.
Photoluminescence studies of defects in annealed Czochralski silicon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) is becoming a standard technique for characterizing defects and impurities in high-purity semiconductors. Further information can be obtained by combining high-resolution continuous-wave PL with time-resolved measurements and excitation spectroscopy. It is well known that low-temperature annealing, near 450 °C, produces a wide variety of electrically active defects in Czochralski-grown Si containing high concentrations of O, including the well-known thermal donors. The nature of these heat-treatment centers strongly depends on the annealing time, the prior thermal history of the sample, and the concentration of O (and C) in the starting material. We present the results of extensive photoluminescence studies on such annealed Si samples. Both thermal-donor bound excitons and two isoelectronic centers are discussed.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Model-Informed Clinical Pharmacology Profile of a Novel Fixed-Dose Combination of Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Adult and Adolescent Patients with Solid Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Predicted Relatlimab Exposures at 160 mg Q4W (Relatlimab Plus Nivolumab) by Body Weight Quartiles in Adults</p>
Training‐related dimensions of apprenticeship programmes in crisis‐ridden Greece: an exploratory study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 2008 financial crisis there has been increased interest in apprenticeships in Greece, largely due to the perception that apprenticeships, in comparison to academic studies, may improve the employment prospects of young people. Before this time, there had been little interest in vocational education and training (VET) and consequently few efforts to develop the VET system. This exploratory article focuses on training, a crucial aspect of apprenticeship programmes, and offers a critical overview of key dimensions of the training content of apprenticeships in Greece. The article draws on the findings of a large‐scale, mostly qualitative research project (carried out between December 2015 and March 2017), which aimed at reviewing the Greek apprenticeship system and gathered, inter alia, the views of 150 individuals representing different groups of stakeholders. It is argued that, despite positive features, the training offered in Greek apprenticeships still suffers from severe shortcomings, which highlight the need for urgent reform and restructuring. Without such reform, the potential of the system to be an effective, alternative to the academic pathway or to boost employment will be seriously constrained.
Rapid and Sensitive Method To Identify Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Cow's Milk by DNA Methylase Genotyping

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Paratuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and incurable disease that affects ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis . This bacterium is shed primarily through feces of infected cows but can be also excreted in colostrum and milk and might survive pasteurization. Since an association of genomic sequences of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease has been described; it is of interest to rapidly detect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk for human consumption. IS 900 insertion is used as a target for PCR amplification to identify the presence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in biological samples. Two target sequences were selected: IS 1 (155 bp) and IS 2 (94 bp). These fragments have a 100% identity among all M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains sequenced. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was specifically concentrated from milk samples by immunomagnetic separation prior to performing PCR. The amplicons were characterized using DNA methylase Genotyping, i.e., the amplicons were methylated with 6- methyl -adenine and digested with restriction enzymes to confirm their identity. The methylated amplicons from 100 CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis can be visualized in a Western blot format using an anti-6- methyl -adenine monoclonal antibody. The use of DNA methyltransferase genotyping coupled to a scintillation proximity assay allows for the detection of up to 10 CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis per ml of milk. This test is rapid and sensitive and allows for automation and thus multiple samples can be tested at the same time.
Family planning unmet need in Bangladesh: shaping of a client-oriented strategy.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines unmet need for family planning (FP) in Bangladesh based on Demographic and Health Surveys including the most recent 1996-97 survey. After a brief introduction an overview of the demographic economic and health conditions an analysis of the demographic characteristics and delivery patterns and an analysis of unmet needs are presented. The authors describe intenders as women who said they intended to use contraception even though they were classified in surveys as not having an unmet need. Segmentation analysis with a new tool known as a Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) establishes predictors of unmet need. The final chapters focus on the research implications for FP and on conclusions. In 1996-97 about 50% of women aged 10-49 years were currently using contraceptives. The pill was the most widely used followed by sterilization. Method choice varied by maternal age. Fertility during 1991-93 was 3.4 births/woman. Adolescent fertility is among the highest in the world. 10% of all births/year were aborted. Unmet need was an estimated 22.9%: 12.9% for limiting and 10% for stopping. FP demand was about 67%. If demand was reached fertility would be at replacement level. 65% of those women with unmet need lived in the Chittagong and Dhaka divisions. Unmet need was greatest among women aged under 30 years with 3 children and/or with young children. The best predictor of unmet need was the number of living children followed by maternal age length of the open interval and education. Predictors of unmet need varied by divisions. FP fieldworkers have access to data on 5 of 7 predictors of unmet need. Increased fieldworker contact should focus on these segments (72.6% of unmet need). The national program should prioritize efforts by the 5 groups of women with unmet need.
CYSTIC HYGROMA AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: ABOUT A CASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cystic hygroma is the malformation of the lymphatic system that is most frequently observed in the prenatal period and is located mainly in the neck and/or the nape of the neck. Its detection rate has increased since the implementation of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester of pregnancy and its presence has been associated with congenital abnormalities, aneuploidies, pregnancy loss, and developmental disorders. The aim of this case is to highlight the importance of antenatal diagnosis of cystic hygroma in order to perform early intervention and avoid fetal death. It is received, for anatomopathological study, a fetus of undetermined sex product of the first pregnancy of a 19 year-old mother without previous prenatal controls, with the presence of a large cystic mass that extends from the face to the neck. The histological study confirms the diagnosis of cystic hygroma. As there was no karyotype analysis, it was not possible to establish the preexistence of any genetic abnormality. Also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a benign vascular tumor whose antenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is essential in the evolution and prognosis of the disease. Unfortunately in our case, the lack of prenatal controls and the absence of ultrasonographic studies that would allow knowing the characteristics of this lymphangioma, could significantly impact in the fatal outcome. Key words: lymphangioma; prenatal diagnosis; fetal nuchal translucency.
The Reasons and Basis for the Emergence of the Nonreferring Expressions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When the common nouns and the “(yi)+M+N” phrases act as attribute and predicate, they don’t refer to any entity, but indicate attributes. The two kinds of NP at the two syntactic positions can be called nonreferring expressions. This paper studies why the two kinds of NP can become nonreferring expressions at these syntactic conditions. There are two reasons for this phenomenon: firstly, only at the sentence level can the two kinds of NP refer to the entities in the real world or possible world; secondly, the two kinds of NP don’t act as subject or object at the sentence level, but as attribute or predictive indicating attribution of the nouns. The meaning of the common nouns reflecting the attribution of the entities is the semantic basis for the two kinds of NP to become nonreferring expressions.
The effects of selective attention on perceptual priming and explicit recognition in children with attention deficit and normal children

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Perceptual priming and recognition for attended and unattended pictures at encoding, compared to nonstudied pictures were examined in second and fifth grade schoolchildren with attention deficit (AD) and children without AD. In the study, a visual perceptual priming paradigm was combined with a selective attention procedure at encoding to look for the influence of attention in implicit and explicit memory tasks. The findings showed preserved perceptual priming for attended objects at encoding in second and fifth grade AD children and normal children but only the older children showed reduced perceptual priming for unattended pictures, a result that has been reported in adults (Ballesteros, Reales, García, & Carrasco, 2006). Overall, AD children performed more poorly in the picture fragment completion task than control children, exhibiting a general deficit in the task. The findings suggest that substantial developmental changes occurred in both groups and that attention does not dissociate performance in implicit and explicit memory tasks. The preserved perceptual priming and recognition observed in AD children indicate that they performed normally in effortless memory tasks in which stimuli remain present during testing. These results may have important practical implications as these preserved abilities may be used in the rehabilitation of these children.
Outcome of Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Bleeding from esophageal varices in cirrhosis is an emergent condition with high mortality. One of the preferred modality of treating esophageal varices is EVL. We aimed to find out the outcome of EVL in controlling acute esophageal variceal bleeding, prophylactic banding to prevent future bleeding and the number of sessions required for complete eradication of varices.Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out in Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit of Bir Hospital, NAMS from June 2016 to May 2017. Consecutive cases who presented in emergency room with acute variceal bleeding due to liver cirrhosis and cases of liver cirrhosis with large varices and red color signs on endoscopic examination were enrolled. They underwent EVL and subsequent re-endoscope at one month interval till the eradication of varices was achieved. Results: Among 83 patients, 15 (18.1%) were of Child Pugh class A, 29 (34.9%) B and 39 (47%) were of C. In 20 (24.1%) cases varices could be eradicated in one session of EVL while 57 (68.7%) required two sessions and in 6 (7.2%) cases it took three sessions. Total average EVL session required for obliteration of esophageal varices was 1.84±0.53. There was only one (1.2%) of early re-bleeding post EVL.Conclusions: EVL is an effective modality of treatment in controlling acute esophageal variceal bleeding, in preventing future variceal bleeding as well as in eradicating esophageal varices, with very few complications.Keywords: acute variceal bleeding; cirrhosis; endoscopic variceal ligation; large varices; red color sign. [PubMed]
Spatial organization of RYRs and BK channels underlying the activation of STOCs by Ca2+ sparks in airway myocytes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Short-lived, localized Ca2+ events mediate Ca2+ signaling with high efficiency and great fidelity largely as a result of the close proximity between Ca2+-permeable ion channels and their molecular targets. However, in most cases, direct evidence of the spatial relationship between these two types of molecules is lacking, and, thus, mechanistic understanding of local Ca2+ signaling is incomplete. In this study, we use an integrated approach to tackling this issue on a prototypical local Ca2+ signaling system composed of Ca2+ sparks resulting from the opening of ryanodine receptors (RYRs) and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) caused by the opening of Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in airway smooth muscle. Biophysical analyses of STOCs and Ca2+ sparks acquired at 333 Hz demonstrate that these two events are associated closely in time, and approximately eight RYRs open to give rise to a Ca2+ spark, which activates ∼15 BK channels to generate a STOC at 0 mV. Dual immunocytochemistry and 3-D deconvolution at high spatial resolution reveal that both RYRs and BK channels form clusters and RYR1 and RYR2 (but not RYR3) localize near the membrane. Using the spatial relationship between RYRs and BK channels, the spatial-temporal profile of [Ca2+] resulting from Ca2+ sparks, and the kinetic model of BK channels, we estimate that an average Ca2+ spark caused by the opening of a cluster of RYR1 or RYR2 acts on BK channels from two to three clusters that are randomly distributed within an ∼600-nm radius of RYRs. With this spatial organization of RYRs and BK channels, we are able to model BK channel currents with the same salient features as those observed in STOCs across a range of physiological membrane potentials. Thus, this study provides a mechanistic understanding of the activation of STOCs by Ca2+ sparks using explicit knowledge of the spatial relationship between RYRs (the Ca2+ source) and BK channels (the Ca2+ target).
Effective Prolonged Therapy with Voriconazole in a Lung Transplant Recipient with Spondylodiscitis Induced byScedosporium apiospermum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria species are frequently seen in cystic fibrosis patients. However, disseminated forms after lung transplantation in these patients are rarely seen, but often with poor outcome. In this case report we describe a lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis who developed a spondylodiscitis that was caused by Scedosporium apiospermum . The patient was treated with anti-fungal treatment by voriconazole for over three years with a clinical good response and without the need for surgical intervention. To our opinion this is the first anti-fungal treated case of invasive disease caused by Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria in a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient who underwent lung transplantation that survived.
Morbidity from nonrespiratory diseases and mortality in dairy heifers during the first three months of life

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective To describe causes of death, mortality, and morbidity from nonrespiratory diseases in dairy calves. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Animals Convenience sample of 410 dairy heifers born between January and December 1990 in 18 southwestern New York herds. Procedure Heifers were examined weekly by a veterinary clinician during the first 3 months of life and all disease conditions were recorded. Results Crude risks for diarrhea, umbilical infection, and umbilical hernia were 28.8, 14.2, and 15.1%, and the median ages at first diagnoses were 2, 1, and 3 weeks, respectively. Mean durations of umbilical infection and umbilical hernia were 3.7 and 6.7 weeks, respectively. Crude mortality was 5.6%. Case-fatality risks were 12.8% for diarrhea during the first week of life, 5.1% for diarrhea after the first week of life, and 0% for umbilical infection and umbilical hernia. Diarrhea was diagnosed by the caretaker or the clinician; umbilical conditions were diagnosed by the clinician. The primary cause of death was diarrhea in 43%, pneumonia in 24%, septicemia in 10%, and other single causes in the rest of the 21 necropsied calves. Clinical Implications The high incidence and somewhat long duration of umbilical infection, the finding that diarrhea was the primary cause of death, and the high case-fatality risk for diarrhea during the first week of life suggested that calf caretakers need training in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996:208:2043-2046)