jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Copernicus observations of a number of galactic X-ray sources

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Copernicus satellite was launched on 21 August 1972. The main experiment on board is the University of Princeton UV telescope. In addition a cosmic X-ray package of somewhat modest aperture was provided by the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL) of University College London. Following a brief description of the instrument, a list of galactic sources observed during the year is presented. Although the X-ray detection aperture is small, the ability to point the satellite for long periods of time with high accuracy makes Copernicus an ideal vehicle for the study of variable sources.
Project-based learning outcomes: Chemical knowledge and thinking skills of biotechnology and food engineering undergraduate students

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We investigated the impact of project-based learning (PBL) on undergraduate food engineering students’ learning outcomes, focusing on food science, biotechnology, chemical knowledge, and thinking skills. The PBL course was offered in the department of biotechnology and food engineering at a research-intensive STEM university and emphasized context-based learning through the planning, design, and production of an innovative food product. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach. The study included 68 students who completed questionnaires and presented scientific posters and final projects. We assessed students’ learning outcomes in four domains: (a) their ability to explain key concepts and processes (actual knowledge), (b) their self-confidence regarding these constructs, (c) their ability to identify the main subject of a paragraph in a scientific paper, and (d) their capacity to pose complex questions about the papers they had read. We further examined the transfer of theoretical and practical knowledge in designing and presenting a novel food product, as well as students’ monitoring of their knowledge along the cognitive–metacognitive spectrum. The findings revealed significant correlations between students’ knowledge and most of their skills, as well as between their knowledge and final project grades. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on undergraduate students’ cognitive and metacognitive development and offers a method to detect monitoring skills by comparing students’ actual disciplinary knowledge with their self-confidence in that knowledge.
P220 Standardising TB incident management across a large UK TB network

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

A key component of TB control is to identify potential transmission incidents following exposure to active cases. Appropriate risk stratification and screening of contacts can pre-emptively identify TB infections, and reinforce education and prevention messages. We report the use of a dedicated TB Nurse role to pro-actively manage incidents within a metropolitan TB network.

Methods

Data on potential TB transmission incidents within the TB Network (TBN) were collected. Incidents were defined as a reported significant contact between an index case (pulmonary TB diagnosed by culture/molecular testing) and individuals outside the household setting referred to the local Public Health Unit. Incident management followed local guidelines.

Results

Between 1.6.17 and 20.7.18, the TBN screening lead managed 148 incidents. 43.2% were in a healthcare setting (67.2% In-patient, 20.3% Emergency Dept, 10.9% Nursing Home and 1.6% GP surgery). The remainder were in the community: 14.2% educational establishments; 12.8% places of work; 3.4% hostels/homeless shelters and 16.9% other venues e.g. pubs, restaurants, shops, religious centres. 9.5% related to airline travel and were not assessed by our service. Following specialist risk assessment, 45.9% of our incidents required further management. 2450 non-household contacts were identified: 1344 were screened, 763 'inform and advise' letters were sent, and in 343 investigation is on-going. A median of 12 (IQR: 5–20) contacts were screened per incident. 64 LTBI cases and two with active TB were identified. A median of 4.1% (IQR: 3.9–5.2) of screened contacts had latent TB infection (LTBI) across a range of settings (figure 1). 46 (71.9%) of the LTBI cases started treatment. In 2016–17, of 1389 non-incident close contacts screened in our network, 258 (18.6%) were diagnosed with LTBI, and 42 (3%) active TB.

Conclusion

The large number of healthcare-related events, which are mostly in a hospital setting, following systematic non-household TB incident investigation is a concern. This highlights the need for on-going healthcare worker education regarding TB transmission and infection control. The yield of new LTBI cases in schools, colleges and places of work provides the opportunity for a 'teachable moment' in community settings which can be facilitated by the TBN screening lead.
Studies on the Synthesis of Bisindole Alkaloids. VIII. The Coupling of Several 3a,4a-Substituted Catharanthine Derivatives with Vindoline

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A detailed study involving the Polonovskitype coupling of vindoline with 4a-hydroxydihydrocatharanthinic acid lactone (1) and 3a,4a-epoxydihydrocatharanthine (9), two catharanthine derivatives prepared earlier in our laboratories, is described.In Part &V of this series2 we described a series of investigations which provided various novel oxygenated catharanthine derivatives.We indicated at that time that such intermediates could he important in the syntheses of various bisindole alkaloids and closely related analogues.Indeed, in a more recent study1, we demonstrated the use of one of chese compounds, namely 3%,4B-epoxydihydrocatharanthine in the synthesis of leurosine.This latter
Political economy perspectives on intergovernmental fiscal system design and implementation in Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although fiscal decentralisation has been a popular reform for decades, including in Asia, success with operationalising reform frameworks and the realisation of expected results have often been elusive, particularly in middle and lower-income countries. Progress occurs in many cases, but unevenly and not always sustainably. A common mantra in the literature is that decentralisation reform is context specific, but beyond some basic points, there is limited clarity about which aspects of context are important for good performance and how they matter. This chapter argues that context has been addressed in relatively superficial ways and that more nuanced diagnosis of context, particularly political economy realities, is essential for improved performance. Equally important, fiscal decentralisation policy makers have privileged the design phase of reform. Design is critical, and more can be done to better contextualise it, but many significant obstacles to better performance arise during the implementation process, and there is too little adaptation when potentially correctable issues emerge. There is no universal remedy for increasing the effectiveness of fiscal decentralisation, but better diagnostics and more strategic and flexible approaches to implementation have the potential to improve on the status quo.
Fuzzy rules-based Data Analytics and Machine Learning for Prognosis and Early Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Globally, cardiovascular diseases stand as the primary cause of mortality. In response to the imperative to enhance operational efficiency and reduce expenses, healthcare organizations are currently undergoing a transformation. The incorporation of analytics into their IT strategy is vital for the successful execution of this transition. The approach involves consolidating data from various sources into a data lake, which is then leveraged with analytical models to revolutionize predictive analytics. The deployment of IoT-based predictive systems is aimed at diminishing mortality rates, particularly in the domain of coronary heart disease prognosis. However, the abundant and diverse nature of data across various disciplines poses significant challenges in terms of data analysis, extraction, management, and configuration within these large-scale data technologies and tools. In this context, a multi-level fuzzy rule generation approach is put forward to identify the characteristics necessary for heart disease prediction. These features are subsequently trained using an optimized recurrent neural network. Medical professionals assess and categorize the features into labeled classes based on the perceived risk. This categorization allows for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. In comparison to conventional systems, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance.
[Effect of peritol on the functional and morphological characteristics of the small intestine in rats].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Experiments were made on 140 male Wistar rats with the use of morphological, biochemical and radiometric research methods. It was established that as soon as the treatment with the anabolic drug peritol was completed, there appeared the morphological signs attesting to an increase in functional activity of vasculostromal elements of the small intestine, and the absorption rate of vitamin B12 got intensified. Activity of enzymes responsible for parietal digestion (alkaline phosphatase, invertase), absorption of 59Fe-citrate and 131I-albumin were unchanged. No substantial changes were revealed on the part of the morphology and function of the small intestine in the long-term period after peritol administration.
Providential Encounter at Parménie

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on more than five decades of scholarly work, during his last year of life Brother Leo Burkhard wrote an account of the encounter of John Baptist de La Salle and Sister Louise at a hermitage called Parmenie, on a high hill in Dauphine, France. Parmenie is a place of notable significance for the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Readers will see plainly the roles of Parmenie and Soeur Louise in De La Salle’s spiritual journey. Brother Leo provides a lively account of how these two exemplars of faithful reliance on divine providence served as resources each to the other during challenges in their respective ministries. The present English text is a shortened and edited version of Brother Leo’s final, as yet unpublished French text, Rencontre Providentielle A Parmenie . It was prepared and edited in August 2012 by Brother Paul Walsh and Brother Donald Mouton in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
All-fibre interrogation technique for fibre Bragg sensors using a biconical fibre filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A passive self-referencing all-fibre technique for Bragg wavelength shift detection using a biconical fibre filter is described. This filter, basically a tapered depressed-cladding fibre, exhibits a periodic spectral power dependence which permits direct tracking of wavelength shifts in a 20nm unambiguous range. Dynamic strain resolution of 1.5 μstrain/√Hz has been achieved.
Gaps in Serologic Immunity against Contemporary Swine-Origin Influenza A Viruses among Healthy Individuals in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Influenza A Viruses (IAV) in domestic swine (IAV-S) are associated with sporadic zoonotic transmission at the human–animal interface. Previous pandemic IAVs originated from animals, which emphasizes the importance of characterizing human immunity against the increasingly diverse IAV-S. We analyzed serum samples from healthy human donors (n = 153) using hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay to assess existing serologic protection against a panel of contemporary IAV-S isolated from swine in the United States (n = 11). Age-specific seroprotection rates (SPR), which are the proportion of individuals with HAI ≥ 1:40, corresponded with lower or moderate pandemic risk classifications for the multiple IAV-S examined (one H1-δ1, one H1-δ2, three H3-IVA, one H3-IVB, one H3-IVF). Individuals born between 2004 and 2013 had SPRs of 0% for the five classified H3 subtype IAV-S, indicating youth may be particularly predisposed to infection with these viruses. Expansion of existing immunologic gaps over time could increase likelihood of future IAV-S spillover to humans and facilitate subsequent sustained human-to-human transmission resulting in disease outbreaks with pandemic potential.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AMOUNTS APPLIED WITH DRIP IRRIGATION ON MAIZE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, YIELD, WATER USE EFFICIENCY, AND NET RETURN IN A SUB–HUMID CLIMATE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation amount applied with drip irrigation on field maize (Zea mays L.) evapotranspiration (ET), yield, water use efficiency, yield response factor (ky) and net return in a sub–humid environment of Turkey. Irrigation management treatments were created as 125%, 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% replenishment of water depleted in the 90 cm root zone from 100% replenishment treatment in every seven days. Irrigation amounts ranged from 76 to 1120 mm in 2007 and from 91 to 997 mm in 2008. The treatments resulted in seasonal ET of 311–1078 mm and 298–1061 mm in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The average grain yields varied from 5570 to 16535 kg ha. In both seasons, irrigation significantly affected yields, which increased with irrigation up to a level (1100 mm of irrigation water amount), but additional amounts of irrigation did not increase it any further. Yields increased linearly with seasonal ET. The yield response factor (ky) averaged 0.89 over the two seasons. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were obtained for the treatment of 25% deficit irrigation. A further increase in water amount from reference irrigation (T–100) increased grain yield but reduced both the WUE and IWUE. The reference irrigation treatment gave the highest net return of $3212 ha. The results revealed that the full irrigation is the best choice for higher yield and net income. The results also suggest that 25% deficit irrigation approach may be a good strategy for increase water use efficiencies when full irrigation is not possible
Strong approximation of monotone stochastic partial differential equations driven by white noise

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We establish an optimal strong convergence rate of a fully discrete numerical scheme for second-order parabolic stochastic partial differential equations with monotone drifts, including the stochastic Allen–Cahn equation, driven by an additive space-time white noise. Our first step is to transform the original stochastic equation into an equivalent random equation whose solution possesses more regularity than the original one. Then we use the backward Euler in time and spectral Galerkin in space to fully discretise this random equation. By the monotonicity assumption, in combination with the factorisation method and stochastic calculus in martingale-type 2 Banach spaces, we derive a uniform maximum norm estimation and a Hölder-type regularity for both stochastic and random equations. Finally, the strong convergence rate of the proposed fully discrete scheme is obtained. Several numerical experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical result.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Birmingham, UK, 2009–19: An observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over 10-years of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Birmingham presents an opportunity to explore epidemiological trends and risk factors for transmission in new detail.Between 1st January 2009 and 15th June 2019, we obtained the first WGS isolate from every patient resident in a postcode district covered by Birmingham's centralised tuberculosis service. Data on patients' sex, country of birth, social risk-factors, anatomical locus of disease, and strain lineage were collected. Poisson harmonic regression was used to assess seasonal variation in case load and a mixed-effects multivariable Cox proportionate hazards model was used to assess risk factors for a future case arising in clusters defined by a 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) threshold, and by 12 SNPs in a sensitivity analysis.511/1653 (31%) patients were genomically clustered with another. A seasonal variation in diagnoses was observed, peaking in spring, but only among clustered cases. Risk-factors for a future clustered case included UK-birth (aHR=2·03 (95%CI 1·35-3·04), p < 0·001), infectious (pulmonary/laryngeal/miliary) tuberculosis (aHR=3·08 (95%CI 1·98-4·78), p < 0·001), and M. tuberculosis lineage 3 (aHR=1·91 (95%CI 1·03-3·56), p = 0·041) and 4 (aHR=2·27 (95%CI 1·21-4·26), p = 0·011), vs. lineage 1. Similar results pertained to 12 SNP clusters, for which social risk-factors were also significant (aHR 1·72 (95%CI 1·02-2·93), p = 0·044). There was marked heterogeneity in transmission patterns between postcode districts.There is seasonal variation in the diagnosis of genomically clustered, but not non-clustered, cases. Risk factors for clustering include UK-birth, infectious forms of tuberculosis, and infection with lineage 3 or 4.Wellcome Trust, MRC, UKHSA.
Crystallographic Data. 159. Aluminum Trifluoride, AlF3

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallographic Data. 159. Aluminum Trifluoride, AlF3Eugene. Staritzky and L B. AspreyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 6, 984Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online12 June 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60126a609https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60126a609research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Forming physician organizations. Part 2: The underlying reason a PO succeeds: an offense, not defense.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

How has Community Health Partners been able to move the ball down the field toward the goal of a preferred network in its community? What are the specific offensive strategies CHP has implemented to bring about its vision? Part 1 of this series explored five reasons for CHP's progress: (1) A working, knowledgeable board of respected physicians, (2) A board that moves ahead on simultaneous tracks, (3) a willingness to affiliate with any hospital or payer that really knows how to partner with physicians, (4) developing quick wins and communicating the progress, and (5) educating physicians about the new ground rules for capitation. Here are six more reasons for CHP's success in forming a PO.
Effects of Capital, Usage of Accounting Information, Financial Statements, and Characteristics Entrepreneurship on Financial Capability and Business Performance of MSMEs In Bogor City

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the influence of capital, use of accounting information, financial reporting, and entrepreneurship on the financial capability and business performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Bogor, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and data were collected from 200 MSMEs using a structured questionnaire. Smart-PLS was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. The findings indicate that capital, use of accounting information, financial reporting, and entrepreneurship have a significant positive influence on the financial capability and business performance of MSMEs in Bogor. Specifically, capital was found to be the most influential factor, followed by entrepreneurship, use of accounting information, and financial reporting. These results suggest that MSMEs should prioritize obtaining sufficient capital, ensuring access to reliable accounting information and financial reporting, and developing entrepreneurial skills to improve their financial capability and business performance. The practical implications of this study suggest that MSMEs should focus on obtaining sufficient capital to invest in their businesses, ensuring access to reliable accounting information and financial reporting to make wise financial decisions, and developing entrepreneurial skills to identify and capitalize on opportunities in the market. This study has several limitations, including the use of self-reported data and a cross-sectional design, which limits the generalizability of the findings. Future research could address the limitations of this study by conducting longitudinal research using objective measures of financial capability and business performance. Additionally, similar studies could be conducted in other geographical locations to test the generalizability of the findings. Overall, this study provides important insights into the factors that contribute to the success of MSMEs and has practical implications for MSMEs in Bogor, Indonesia.
A study on technologies that enable high-speed communication regardless of the interface standard between the host devices and peripheral devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recently, I/O interfaces for connecting a computer to peripheral devices have emerged to provide 10Giga services for communication companies. Therefore, Intel has developed Thunderbolt cables, which enable electrical signals and high-speed data transfer to facilitate 10Giga services. Thunderbolt is a type of input–output interface that is used to connect computers and peripherals. It is capable of high-speed input/output(I/O), incurs lower overheads than USB, and supports data, images, and voice simultaneously. As these are very recent standards, they have not been applied to many computers. Moreover, no device exists to use interfaces having a different protocols while differentiating between Thunderbolt and USB devices. Therefore, if both interfaces are mutually incompatible, the user must utilize Thunderbolt or USB devices separately. For this reason, a device that automatically identifies Thunderbolt or USB and automatically adapts to the user’s environment is required. In this study, Thunderbolt MAC and a MAC are alternately connected to each other via an electrical Multiplexer to auto detect link information and connect to Host. Then, based on the determined result, the Thunderbolt to PCIe bridge or the USB to PCIe bridge is electrically connected to the PCIe BUS to which the Multiplexer is connected.