jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms of enzyme dysfunction in human phosphoglucomutase-1 deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) belongs to the [alpha]-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily, an ancient lineage of enzymes critical for carbohydrate metabolism. PGM1 catalyzes the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, acting as the pivot between energy storage and utilization. Recently, PGM1 has been implicated as the monogenic cause of an inherited metabolic disease in humans, called PGM1 deficiency. The disease presents with highly variable phenotype in patients and is difficult to diagnose. Furthermore, genotype-phenotype relationships remain unclear-even in siblings with the same missense variants, no obvious correlation exists. PGM1 deficiency is a unique research opportunity due to the lack of clear rationale for varying effects of missense variants, availability of patient data, favorable in vitro behavior of recombinantly expressed PGM1, and the limited number of structural studies characterizing individual missense variants. In this work we have characterized multiple molecular mechanisms of disease through X-ray crystallography and biochemistry. Thus, this work provides a foundation for physicians to make much more accurate prognostic decisions when advising patients, identifies variants with possible therapeutic interventions, and informs us of key dynamics and structural features required for proper functioning of human PGM1.
Acceptable adverse outcomes after delayed breast reconstruction using abdominal advancement flap - a 15-year experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the adverse outcomes after delayed breast reconstruction (DBR) by abdominal advancement flap (AAF) and permanent prosthesis in patients treated with mastectomy due to unilateral breast carcinoma, as well as to determine which factors are predictive for their occurrence. Methods: The study included 155 patients operated at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia from 1996 to 2010. All patients had total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, followed by specific oncological treatment. Patients were selected for DBR after complete diagnostic evaluation. Adverse events were evaluated in regard to patient, disease and prostheses-related factors. Results: During follow-up, DBR adverse events were observed in 23.237percnt; of the patients - the majority (91.67%) had only one. The most frequent was capsule contracture (47.22%), followed by asymmetry (22.22%), infection (16.67%) and prosthesis rupture (16.67%). There were isolated cases of prosthesis prolapse and local disease recurrence. Infections were treated conservatively in all but one patient. Other events were managed by additional operation. Statistical analysis showed that complications occurred significantly more often in patients ?51 years (vs 18-40, vs 41-50), disease stage IIb (vs Ia), T2 (vs T1) tumors and adjuvant radiotherapy (vs without). Prostheses-related factors were not significant for DBR complications, neither body mass index (BMI), nor smoking habits. Conclusions: DBR using AAF and permanent prosthesis is a safe technique with acceptable complication rate. It provides one-time surgery with satisfactory aesthetic results and good postoperative recovery. Most frequent complication is capsule contracture. Patients' age and irradiation of the chest wall after mastectomy are predictive factors for complications.
Serum levels of endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide-II in type 1 diabetes patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. Тo determine the serum level of EMAP-II in type 1 diabetic patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention.Materials and methods We examined 23 type 1 diabetic patient with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention, 10 type 1 diabetic patient with microangyopathy without hypertention and 28 control subjects. Serum levels of EMAP-II were determined by immunoenzyme assay. The data were presented as means±SD. Results. We found an increased serum level of EMAP-II in type 1 diabetic patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertention compared to control group (5,23±1,66 ng/ml and 1,25±0,76 ng/ml respectively, р0,01), and in type 1 diabetic patients with microangyopathy and arterial hypertension compared to group without hypertension (5,23±1,66 ng/ml and 3,63±1,9 ng/ml respectively, р0,01). Also, the level of EMAP-II correlated with key markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, inverse correlated with endothelium-dependent dilatation (p0,05).Conclusion. The revealed change of EMAP-II could reflect an endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes with microangyopathy and arterial hypertension. Arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia appears to be significant factor to contributing elevation of EMAP-II.Keywords: Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II, endothelial dysfunction, type 1 diabetes, arterial hypertension.
Суспільно-політичний лад і економічний розвиток Етрурії у 8–3 ст. до н. е.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the article is to highlight key issues of the socio-political system and economy of Etruscan civilization as factors influencing both its rise and decline. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific principles: historicism, objectivity, and a systemic approach in analyzing historical processes considered in this article. Special historical methods such as descriptive, problem-chronological, historical-systemic, and comparative-historical have proven to be effective. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the authors' attempt to comprehensively reveal the topic of the socio-political system and economy of the Etruscans in the 8th–3rd centuries BC by utilizing the achievements of foreign and domestic researchers. Conclusions. The key factors determining the might of the Etruscans were the fertility of the land and the richness of the region's natural resources. However, their socio-political structure undermined this potential as Etruscan cities existed independently from each other and did not strive to unite into a centralized state, further weakening themselves with constant internal conflicts and internecine wars. The lack of unity and the Roman military superiority ultimately led to the loss of independence for the cities, and eventually, to the complete disappearance of the Etruscan ethnic group. The rapid growth of the Etruscan economy through international trade did not contribute to the unification of Etruria into a single centralized state due to the incomplete process of dissolution of tribal relations and the Etruscans' orientation towards the Greeks, including adopting their model of state organization. The formal unification of twelve city-states into the Etruscan League was a religious confederation but did not promote their cohesion. For a long time in Etruscan society, there were only two main classes – the aristocracy, in whose interests the state apparatus operated, and the class which was to varying degrees dependent on the aristocracy. At the same time, the indistinctness of the middle class may be associated with the fact that the ancestors of the Etruscans, who according to one version of their origin came from the east, subjugated the indigenous population, turning them into dependents, which was a typical practice in the ancient world.
Using the IPython notebook as the computing platform for signals and systems courses

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of open-source Python as opposed to traditional computing platforms such MATLAB, Mathematica, and C/C++, is becoming more and more noticeable as all forms of opensource software develop. The Python user community itself is very vibrant, but what really stands out for those of us in signals and systems, is what is happening in the numerical computing side of Python. This paper will describe how in particular, the IPython notebook can be used as an analysis and simulation tool for teaching signals and systems courses. Specific code modules have been developed to augment existing Python code contained in the scipy.signal module. Case studies will be used to demonstrate the capabilities of the IPython notebook to augment lecture material with live calculations and simulations. Additionally, examples of how the IPython notebook has been successfully used by students for homework problems, computer projects and lab reports will be illustrated. Both student and industry team members in subcontract work, have responded favorably to the use of Python as an engineering problem solving platform.
Gregorian reform of the calendar, proceedings of the Vatican conference to commemorate its 400th anniversary, 1582-1982, ed. by G. V. Coyne, Michael A. Hoskin and Olaf Pedersen ; Città del Vaticano : Specola Vaticana, 1983 ; in-8°, XXIV-323 pages, ill.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Poulle Emmanuel. Gregorian reform of the calendar, proceedings of the Vatican conference to commemorate its 400th anniversary, 1582-1982, ed. by G. V. Coyne, Michael A. Hoskin and Olaf Pedersen ; Città del Vaticano : Specola Vaticana, 1983 ; in-8°, XXIV-323 pages, ill.. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 1986, tome 144, livraison 1. pp. 188-189.
Charts for estimating tail-rotor contribution to helicopter directional stability and control in low-speed flight

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Theoretically derived charts and equations are presented by which tail-rotor design studies of directional trim and control response at low forward speed can be conveniently made. The charts can also be used to obtain the main-rotor stability derivatives of thrust with respect to collective pitch and angle of attack at low forward speeds. The use of the charts and equations for tail-rotor design studies is illustrated. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results are presented. The charts indicate, and flight tests confirm, that the region of vortex roughness which is familiar for the main rotor is also encountered by the tail rotor and that prolonged operation at the corresponding flight conditions would be difficult.
Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intravitreal bevacizumab injections caused some reduction in VEGF expression and vascular densities in a limited number of active PDR patients. A single intravitreal bevacizumab injection may not be enough to induce complete blockage of VEGF and pathologic neovascularization in active PDR patients. Repeated injections, panretinal photocoagulation and/or PPV may be necessary following intravitreal bevacizumab to reinforce the anti-VEGF effect of the drug.
CONSISTENT SPECIFICATION TESTING UNDER SPATIAL DEPENDENCE

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a series-based nonparametric specification test for a regression function when data are spatially dependent, the “space” being of a general economic or social nature. Dependence can be parametric, parametric with increasing dimension, semiparametric or any combination thereof, thus covering a vast variety of settings. These include spatial error models of varying types and levels of complexity. Under a new smooth spatial dependence condition, our test statistic is asymptotically standard normal. To prove the latter property, we establish a central limit theorem for quadratic forms in linear processes in an increasing dimension setting. Finite sample performance is investigated in a simulation study, with a bootstrap method also justified and illustrated. Empirical examples illustrate the test with real-world data.
On situating French modernism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay discusses Alain-Fournier's 1913 novel Le Grand Meaulnes and its ex-centric position: widely read and appreciated in its time, it is now relegated to the status of a 'roman d'adolescence' and has been condemned for its adherence to a late romantic aesthetic and for its lack of formal inventiveness. Ellison approaches the novel as a limit case for modernism, but also as a text that is both French and in some peculiar ways non-French. Le Grand Meaulnes is thus read as one of those texts that seems not to be contained by either the category of 'modernist' or 'French', and the essay concludes that, although Alain Fournier's novel shares many characteristics with other seminal modernist texts by such authors as Mann, Rilke, and especially Proust, it is ultimately not a modernist text.
Virtual Testing Architecture for Prediction of Effective Properties of Particulate Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study has developed a computational virtual testing architecture for predicting effective properties of particulate composites. A particulate composite made up of SiC filler in an alumina matrix was used in this work. The test composite was modelled first by considering perfect bonding between the matrix and filler constituents and subsequently the effect of interphase region was assessed too.
Breast clinic director accused of bullying and incompetence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The “bullying, offensive, and incompetent” clinical director of the East Devon Breast Screening Service missed cancer and failed to perform crucial diagnostic tests through “sheer unimaginativeness and laziness,” the General Medical Council was told last week.

Dr John Brennan, 51, worked for the unit from 1990 until 1997, when he was suspended and an independent inquiry was set up. He resigned in 1999 after the inquiry's report led the then health secretary Frank Dobson to brand the East Devon service a “disgrace.”

Joanna Glynn, counsel …
AC distribution grid proposal to improve the power quality of the Line-B Metro System of Mexico City

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A power quality diagnosis campaign was done for the Line B of the Mexico City underground system to understand and improve its behaviour. A comparative analysis of the results obtained during the campaign is presented describing a method to improve the power quality. The AC distribution of this underground system consists of a set of transformers and multipulse rectifiers; however, the harmonic content is highly dominant by the 6k±1 harmonic order and the harmonic distribution is poorly mitigated by the load-balanced arrangement. The field measurement work, the practical issues at the power quality campaign and a proposal to improve the harmonic performance are explained together with the field and estimated results obtained with measurements realized to the AC medium voltage grid of the Mexico City Line B. (6 pages)
Assessing the Value of Novel Habitats to Snail Kites through Foraging Behavior and Nest Survival

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Novel ecosystems arise for a variety of reasons, most notably from the introduction of nonnative species. Understanding the interactions between traditional habitats, novel habitats, and species of conservation interest is important when planning successful conservation strategies. In the United States, the snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus is a federally endangered species whose population in Florida has undergone declines within the past decade. While studying the foraging behavior of breeding snail kites on Lake Tohopekaliga (Lake Toho), we discovered the unexpected use of disturbed ephemeral wetlands adjacent to the lake. These wetlands represent a novel habitat for snail kites; they would not have been viable foraging areas prior to the introduction of the exotic island apple snail Pomacea maculata. By examining the differences between snail kite behavior in traditional and novel habitats, we were able to identify some characteristics of novel habitats that may be important in determining their value to snail kites. The novel wetland areas were highly attractive to snail kites, likely because of the high snail capture rates. The survival of snail kite nests occurring within the novel areas appeared to be similar to that of nests occurring in more traditional, nearby areas on Lake Toho. However, whether or not snail kites used novel habitats as nesting areas appeared to be dependent upon water depth and availability of nesting substrate within these areas. The snail kites' dynamic use of the novel habitat demonstrates both the value of a novel ecosystem and the importance of traditional habitats to a species of conservation concern.
Qualitative study on single parents managing their work and non-work roles with the use of external support and coping strategies.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to explore the types of support that single parents will depend on to manage their work and non-work roles. This paper begins with an overview of past research studies on the topic of single parents and how they manage their different roles. This is a qualitative research conducted using interviews based on the critical incident technique. Participants were four female single parents who are divorced or in the process of divorce obtained from a family service center. Each of the participants has at least one child in their custody. With grounded theory, the data obtained were being analyzed using two coding methods, which are open coding and axial coding respectively. Responding to the interview conducted, results showed that the single parents relied on various forms of external support. More interestingly, the results revealed that the single parents relied more on internal support. Some intervening conditions were also being discovered. This paper ends with discussions on the limitations of this research, its implications and areas for further studies in future.
Numerical Prediction of the Streamwise Fluidelastic Instability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent experimental investigations have shown that tube arrays can become unstable in the streamwise direction. This is contrary to the long-held notion that fluidelastic instability is only a concern in the direction transverse to the flow. The possibility of the streamwise fluidelastic instability (SFEI) as a potential threat to the integrity of tube bundles was confirmed by the recent failures of newly installed replacement steam generators. A number of investigations were conducted to uncover the nature of this mechanism. A theoretical framework was developed by Hassan and Weaver (2016, “Modeling of Streamwise and Transverse Fluidelastic Instability in Tube Arrays,” ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 138(5), p. 051304) to model streamwise fluidelastic instability in a bundle of flexible tubes. The model utilized a simple time lag expression for the flow channel area perturbation. The current work aims at developing a numerical model to precisely predict the flow perturbation characteristics in a tube bundle due to streamwise tube motion. Flow simulations were carried out for single phase fluid flow in a parallel triangle tube bundle array with 1.2, 1.5, and 1.7 pitch to diameter ratios. The numerical model was validated against numerical and experimental results available in the fluidelastic instability literature. Simulations were carried out for a range of reduced flow velocities. The model results showed that the upstream flow perturbation magnitude and phase are different from those obtained downstream of the moving tube. The obtained flow perturbation characteristics were implemented in the Hassan and Weaver (2016, “Modeling of Streamwise and Transverse Fluidelastic Instability in Tube Arrays,” ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 138(5), p. 051304) model and the streamwise FEI threshold was predicted.
[Effect of chronic ethanol consumption on basic carboxypeptidase activity in regions of the rat brain].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is discovered that chronic consumption of ethanol induced decrease of carboxypeptidase H activity in striatum by 27%; increase of carboxypeptidase M activity in hippocampus by 67% and decrease in cerebral hemispheres by 34%; phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase activity increase in hypothalamus by 141%, in striatum by 60% and in optic and lamina quadrigemina by 34%. The role of basic carboxypeptidases in mechanisms of ethanol influence on the peptidergic systems are discussed.
Closed Captioning in Real Time

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The line-21 captioning system was developed in the 1970s as a means of delivering hidden subtitles (closed captions) to hearing-impaired television viewers. A more recent development is the ability to generate captions in “real time” during live broadcasts, using experienced court reporters and a computer-aided translation system that converts shorthand code into captions almost instantaneously. More than 70 hours of nationally broadcast programming are captioned weekly with this technology. This article describes the creation and broadcast of captions in real time, including equipment, staffing, and procedures.
Mining novel biosynthetic machineries of secondary metabolites from actinobacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites produced by actinobacteria have diverse structures and important biological activities, making them a useful source of drug development. Diversity of the secondary metabolites indicates that the actinobacteria exploit various chemical reactions to construct a structural diversity. Thus, studying the biosynthetic machinery of these metabolites should result in discovery of various enzymes catalyzing interesting and useful reactions. This review summarizes our recent studies on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites from actinobacteria, including the biosynthesis of nonproteinogenic amino acids used as building blocks of nonribosomal peptides, the type II polyketide synthase catalyzing polyene scaffold, the nitrous acid biosynthetic pathway involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and unique cytochrome P450 catalyzing nitrene transfer. These findings expand the knowledge of secondary metabolite biosynthesis machinery and provide useful tools for future bioengineering.
Airborne infection probability in relation of room air distribution: an experimental investigation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of room air distribution in airborne cross-infection. Tracer gas measurements were performed in a field lab arranged as an office with two breathing thermal manikins. The room was ventilated with a mixing air distribution operating at a constant supply airflow rate of 60 L/s (4 ACH) under different air discharge scenarios: 2-way, 3-way and 4-way. Room air temperature was kept at 22.0±0.2°C. Respiratory-generated airborne pathogens were simulated by N 2 O dosed into the exhaled air of the manikin acting like an infected person. The N 2 O concentration was measured in the inhaled air of the second manikin (simulating susceptible person), exhaust and occupied zone. Measured values were used to calculate infection probability by modified Wells-Riley method. The infection probability in the occupied zone depended on the air discharge scenario. The highest infection probability of 2.9-3.9% was obtained in the inhaled air of the exposed manikin in all experimental cases. The results reveal that room air distribution is of major importance for airborne cross-infection. Therefore, during ventilation design and operation, air distribution should be carefully considered in practice. Infection probability calculated using original Wells-Riley method was underestimated compared to values obtained through measurements.