jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Art of Language and the Language of Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The emergence of sustained philosophical attention to art relates to new conceptions of language in the eighteenth century and beyond. Cassirer’s Philosophy of Symbolic Forms shows how links between language and art develop. ‘Designative’ conceptions of language see it primarily in terms of the representation of pre-existing ‘independent objects’, and so as connected to mathematics and natural scientific explanation. If language is instead seen as constituting an intelligible world before issues involving the justification of knowledge arise at all, designative conceptions become questionable. ‘Constitutive’ conceptions, in contrast, are linked to human expressive activity, and are not primarily ‘representational’. The emergence of modern hermeneutics is also connected to seeing language in relation to art.
Large‐Scale Climate Features Control Fire Emissions and Transport in Africa

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent increase in extreme wildfire events has led to major health and environmental consequences across the globe. These adverse impacts underlined the need for better understanding of this phenomenon and to formulate mitigating actions. While previous research has focused on local weather drivers of wildfires, our knowledge about their large‐scale climatic controls remains limited, especially in tropical Africa, which stands out as a global hotspot for fire emissions. Here, we show that interannual variability of carbon emission due to fires in the southern Congo Basin is strongly linked to low‐level winds that are controlled by the Indian Ocean subtropical high. The interhemispheric transport of these emissions to West Africa relies on the intensity and position of both Indian and South Atlantic subtropical highs. Combined effects of this transport mechanism and carbon production in the source region explain a majority of the interannual variability of black carbon in West Africa.
Towards a Poly-Functional Synthetic-Antimalarial Vaccine: Incorporating Non-Natural Elements into Artificially-Made Peptides for Mimicking Functional Pathogen Ligand Structures Representing New Site-Directed Vaccine Components

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The molecular basis for obtaining novel anti-malarial vaccine candidates depends on a considered selection of antigenic peptides, mainly derived from Plasmodium antigens' non-polymorphic regions. Since such targeted-molecules are poorly immunogenic when tested as vaccine components, they usually have to be modified to overcome their immunological phenotype. Transition state theory, explaining how peptidases catalyse a given peptide bond breakage, thus led to reduced amide pseudopeptides being proposed as possible mimetics for a transition-state. Stabilising such high-energy molecular stages could become a strategy for inducing antibodies potentially harbouring catalytic properties. Hence, isostere-bond peptido-mimetics represented a rational choice as potential abzyme-inducers and site-directed designed reduced amide pseudopeptides for obtaining peptide-analogues from selected malarial high-binding motifs. This novel family of vaccine candidates has proved to be an efficient functional antibody-inducer, the latter acting as efficient blockers of Plasmodium infection of human and mouse RBCs. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.
Issues in the demography of Mongolian nomadic pastoralism.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Taking a historical perspective this paper examines the ecological and political influences on Mongolian demography. Changes in political policy, domestic economy, health services, venereal diseases and shortages of men are considered in examining the unusual pattern of very low fertility, followed by a rise in the 1950s and 1960s and a gradual fertility decline, even in the absence of modern contraception. It is concluded that the lack of simultaneity between major political and demographic changes suggest that there are no direct responses to policy, despite the strong pronatalist stance, but that health services, particularly in the realms of venereal disease treatment, have had a major influence on Mongolian demographic patterns. The indirect consequences of government policy--education, health services in rural areas, rapid urbanisation--appear to have a stronger influence than the pronatalism, and ironically have led to rapid fertility decline."
Rewriting rites : a journalism illustrated feature.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At every transition in life, the stress and trauma that accompany it is enough to cripple and prevent the person from moving forward onto the next stage. So society has rituals to assure and guide those who are going through transitions. These rituals, meant to help people pass through periods of change, are rites of passage. Rites of passage may sound like they belong to tribal societies – exotic ones at that – and have no place in modern society. But the truth could not be further away from that. Even modern society have rites of passage, just in their local variations. Singapore, too, has them. These rites of passage have become so ingrained into our societies that people usually do not stop to think about them. They do not even notice they are there. But these rituals are important; they help people get through tough transitions by providing a set of steps, meant to guide and assure. As long as they stick to the steps, they will be safe. This generation of 20- and 30- something is usually taken up by a wave of individualism, sociologists say. They choose and pick what they want. They keep those they want, and reject the rest. Unlike the previous generations, they do not follow just because. Because of this, it is imperative that they understand what these rites of passage are and what they are for. Our project, bridging sociology theories and personal anecdotes, show and explains what these rituals, which are all around us, really signify.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Activity of Combined Androgen Receptor Antagonism and Cell Cycle Inhibition in Androgen Receptor Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Tolerability of combination therapy. MDA-MB-453 cells were injected into the mammary fat pads of cycling female nu/nu mice; n=6-7 mice per group. Sevi and/or Abem were administered daily. Mouse weights were measured throughout the experiment. Mean {plus minus} standard error of the mean.</p>
Muslims, Moriscos, and Arabic-Speaking Migrants in the New World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay reviews the following works: Between the Middle East and the Americas: The Cultural Politics of Diaspora. Edited by Evelyn Alsultany and Ella Shohat. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 334. $41.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780472069446. Forbidden Passages: Muslims and Moriscos in Colonial Spanish America. By Karoline P. Cook. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. Pp. 261. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812248241. More Argentine Than You: Arabic-Speaking Immigrants in Argentina. By Steven Hyland Jr. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 304. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826358776. Islam and the Americas. Edited by Aisha Khan. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2015. Pp. vii + 331. $32.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780813060132. Crescent over Another Horizon: Islam in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Latino USA. Edited by María del Mar Logroño Narbona, Paulo G. Pinto, and John Tofik Karam. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 344. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781477302293. The Mexican Mahjar: Transnational Maronites, Jews, and Arabs under the French Mandate. By Camila Pastor. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 352. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477314623. Syrian and Lebanese Patrícios in São Paulo: From the Levant to Brazil. By Oswaldo Truzzi. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 173. $30.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252083631.
Active Vibration Control of Seismically Excited Building Structures by Upgraded Grey Wolf Optimizer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent decades, active vibration control of buildings for earthquake-induced damage mitigation has been widely considered in the scientific literature. Fuzzy logic control (FLC) has been shown to be an effective approach to regulate control forces exerted by actuators to building structures to reduce earthquake-borne oscillations. In many cases, FLC definition relying solely on expert knowledge does not result in optimal control responses for structures under strong ground motions. Thus, FLC optimal design becomes critical. In this regard, this paper puts forth an enhanced version of the metaheuristic Grey Wolf Optimizer (UGWO) to optimally design membership functions and rule base of FLC to minimize seismic structural damage defined in terms of maximum curvature ductility ratio at the end of structural members. The potential of UGWO for the purpose is demonstrated by considering a FLC implemented to control the seismic response of a 20-story steel structure with nonlinear behavior through active actuators. The performance of the UGWO is gauged by examining nine different structural performance metrics and compared to results from 5 different widely used state-of-art metaheuristic optimization algorithms including the original Grey Wolf Optimizer. Comparisons demonstrate the capability of UGWO in providing better solutions in most of cases, resulting in reduced structural response and damage of the considered building.
P135 A phase I, first-in-human study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple ascending doses of M5049, a dual antagonist of TLR7/8, in healthy subjects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background

Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) are widely expressed in a variety of immune cells and detect single-stranded RNAs, activating signalling cascades which trigger an immune response. Aberrant TLR7/8 activation by RNA-containing autoantibodies can result in autoimmunity. M5049 is an oral small molecule TLR7/8 antagonist which inhibits TLR7/8 activity in vitro and ex vivo and has demonstrated efficacy in mouse SLE models, suggesting potential to inhibit pathological immune complex activities in SLE patients.

Methods

This was a phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (3:1), single and multiple ascending dose (SAD and MAD) study of oral M5049 conducted in healthy participants. SAD cohorts received a single dose of M5049 (1, 3, 9, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg) or placebo, and MAD cohorts received M5049 (9, 25, 200 mg once daily, 25 and 50 mg twice daily) or placebo for 14 days. A sentinel dosing strategy was used in SAD cohorts. The study assessed safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (ex vivo-stimulated cytokine secretion). Food effect was assessed in the 25 mg SAD cohort.

Results

Preliminary results showed that M5049 was well-tolerated over the dosing interval, with no significant or dose-limiting adverse events observed to date. PK parameters were linear and dose-proportional from 1 to 200 mg, with higher clearance and shorter half-life than predicted based on preclinical studies. Exposure-dependent inhibition of ex vivo-stimulated IL-6 secretion was observed, with maximum inhibition achieved at 200 mg. PK results indicate a slight food effect.

Conclusions

M5049 was well-tolerated with no safety signals in healthy participants, warranting further investigation as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases, such as SLE.
Brachial Plexus Injury Surgical Service in Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Experience from a Single Tertiary Orthopaedic Hospital in Indonesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is one of the most devastating nerve injuries to the extremities. BPI in adults is an increasingly common clinical problem due to road traffic accident. Injury patterns, the timing of surgery, priority on the recovery of function, and patient’s understanding about the expectations of the prognosis are things that are important to consider before deciding on surgical management. The coronavirus pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected all sectors, one of which is a surgical practice both in terms of medical personnel and equipment, also patient perceptions of hospital services. AIM: This study will analyze epidemiological data on BPI patients who underwent surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of BPI profile in Prof. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital before (2019) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic data, the total number of surgery, type of surgical procedure, and patient origin were collected. We compared to the same period in 2019 before pandemic started. RESULTS: In the data obtained from patients treated or undergoing BPI surgery before pandemic (March 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019) and during the pandemic (March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020), Indonesia first confirms case was on March 2, 2020, until today. There were 51 and 43 cases, respectively. Panplexal type before the pandemic there were 27 patients (52%), and during the pandemic were 20 patients (46%), the upper type before: during the pandemic was 24 (48%): 23 (54%), and lower type 0 cases. Primary reconstruction before: during the pandemic was 26 (55%): 27 (62%) case, and secondary reconstruction before: during the pandemic was 25 (49%): 16 (38%) case, respectively. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has no significant effect in the term of the number of BPI surgery performed. Better outcome in BPI surgery is influenced by the timing of the operation, therefore primary reconstruction remains the main choice for BPI patients with safety concern or health protocols. Pre-operative screening applied in our hospital includes laboratory examination, chest radiograph, and polymerase chain reaction swab test. Surgical personnel using personal protective equipment such as protective suit, face shield, google, shoes and medical mask during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with significant axon loss and limited clinical recovery are considered “urgent”, as surgery should be performed within 6 months or sooner (depending upon the distance to recipient’s muscle) to avoid irreversible muscle atrophy and degradation of motor endplates.
Do Hearing Aids Influence Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Quality of Life in Hearing Impaired Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Their Caregivers?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These findings do not provide evidence of improvement in behavioral symptoms, functional status, or QoL of hearing impaired AD patients and their caregivers after 6 months of HA use. However, we cannot exclude that HAs may have a positive effect in patients aged less than 75 years.
A Simple Preparation of N-Protected α-Amino Esters with α,α-Disubstituents from Ethyl Azidoformate and Ketene Silyl Acetals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The photolysis of ethyl azidoformate in CH3CN containing ketene silyl acetals afforded N-ethoxycarbonyl α-amino esters with α,α,-disubstituents in one step.
Biofilm production in vitro on Candida spp strains recovered from genitourinary infections

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Biofilms (BF) impacts on many aspects of our lives. The pathogenesis of diverse infections is related to the presence of originating microorganisms, including Candida yeast, which could play a role in the immunoapathogenesis, persistence and lack of response to treatment. The purpose of this work was to investigate the in vitro capacity for developing BF via Candida albicans (Ca), Candida troplicalis (Ct) and Candida glabrata sl (Cg) strains, obtained from genitourinary infections. Methods & Materials: 12 strains were studied from each species through the 96 well microtiter plate method on a flat background. They were planted and incubated on agar Sabouraud for 24hs at 37° C. Afterwards, the inoculum were prepared and adjusted to a final concentration corresponding to a 0.5 Mc Farland scale. 100 ml of inoculum were placed in each well and 100 ml of Sabouraud broth was added at double concentration, on an overnight culture at 37° C, recovering nutrients after 24hs. 12 wells were left apart as a target reaction. After that, the broth was removed, cleansing each well 3 times with PBS. Then they were fixed by methanol and proceeded to the coloring with safranin. After 15 minutes we cleaned 3 times to remove any coloring residue and the colored BP were eluted with acetic acid. These determinations were performed 3 times per strain, non-simultaneous. 450 nm readings were performed, and the absence of BF was considered to the average absorbance white readings, acoording to Stepanovic. Results: Of the 12 Ca strains, 2 didn't develop any BF, 7 had a weak production and 3 on a moderate amount. For the 12 Cg, 1 didn't develop any BF, 2 had a moderate production and 9 had a strong BF. All Ct strains formed BF, 3 were moderate and 9 strong. Conclusion: We conclude from the results, that the use of this simple technique will allow us to evaluate the in vitro resistance to antifungal probiotics, prebiotics, natural compounds and chemicals on Candida strains, considering the BF formation as a pathogenesis factor related to failed treatment
Assessing the quality of HIV Counselling, Testing and STI Consultation services for vulnerable populations in Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Welcome to Annals of Global Health,Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment. The latest journal impact factor is 3.64.Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. Authors of articles accepted for publication in Annals of Global Health will be asked to pay an Article Publication Charge (APC) to cover publication costs. This charge can normally be sourced from your funder or institution. We are committed to supporting authors from all countries to publish their work in Annals of Global Health regardless of national income level, and to achieve this goal, we waive the Article Publication Charge for manuscripts where all authors are from low-income or lower-middle-income countries (as defined by the World Bank). From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included “Strengthening Women’s Leadership in Global Health”, “Decolonizing Global Health Education”, and “Capacity Building for Global Health Leadership Training”. Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.
The Marketing Research Practices of Nigerian Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT A survey research was designed to investigate the marketing research practices of Nigerian companies, the influences on such practices, and the relevant empirical relations. Using executive responses and descriptive and correlation analysis methods, it was found that analysis of company records, test marketing, random sampling, projective psychological technique and reliability test were, respectively, the most used data collection, research design, sampling, measurement, and data analysis methods employed by Nigerian companies. Secrecy in giving out relevant data by respondents was found to be the most influencing factor constraining marketing research practice in Nigeria. Nigerian marketing research managers were advised to acquaint themselves with the purposes and mechanics of multi-variate marketing research tools because of the many variables encountered in practical marketing management decisions. Additionally, Nigerian marketing research managers were advised to devise other data-collection approaches and strategies in order to deal with the problem of secrecy encountered among Nigerian executive respondents.
Reliability of single-lead electrocardiogram interpretation to detect atrial fibrillation: insights from the SAFER feasibility study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims Single-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) can be recorded using widely available devices such as smartwatches and handheld ECG recorders. Such devices have been approved for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection. However, little evidence exists on the reliability of single-lead ECG interpretation. We aimed to assess the level of agreement on detection of AF by independent cardiologists interpreting single-lead ECGs and to identify factors influencing agreement. Methods and results In a population-based AF screening study, adults aged ≥65 years old recorded four single-lead ECGs per day for 1–4 weeks using a handheld ECG recorder. Electrocardiograms showing signs of possible AF were identified by a nurse, aided by an automated algorithm. These were reviewed by two independent cardiologists who assigned participant- and ECG-level diagnoses. Inter-rater reliability of AF diagnosis was calculated using linear weighted Cohen’s kappa (κw). Out of 2141 participants and 162 515 ECGs, only 1843 ECGs from 185 participants were reviewed by both cardiologists. Agreement was moderate: κw = 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.37–0.58) at participant level and κw = 0.58 (0.53–0.62) at ECG level. At participant level, agreement was associated with the number of adequate-quality ECGs recorded, with higher agreement in participants who recorded at least 67 adequate-quality ECGs. At ECG level, agreement was associated with ECG quality and whether ECGs exhibited algorithm-identified possible AF. Conclusion Inter-rater reliability of AF diagnosis from single-lead ECGs was found to be moderate in older adults. Strategies to improve reliability might include participant and cardiologist training and designing AF detection programmes to obtain sufficient ECGs for reliable diagnoses.
Incremental computation of aggregate operators over sliding windows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Sliding Window is the most popular data model in processing data streams as it captures finite and relevant subset of an infinite stream. This paper studies different Mathematical operators used for querying and mining of data streams. The focus of our study is on operators, operating on the whole data set. These are termed as blocking operators. We have classified these operators according to their method of evaluation. An operator is termed as aggregate operator if it produces the sub-set of values satisfying some given condition. The evaluation of these operators is more complex when the query is continuous and data are changing. We present here a formal definition of incremental computation on sliding windows. We have proposed a vector model and graph abstraction to represent the sliding window and algorithms to evaluate Mathematical operators on the sliding window. The model is robust and can be applied to visualize different mathematical operators on the sliding window. We have introduced a novel concept of checkpoints in order to make the computation incremental. We present an efficient algorithm to find maximum (or minimum) on the sliding windows using the checkpoint concept. Key words: Algorithm, incremental, sliding windows