jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Study with radioactive tracers of the blood supply, parenchymatous function and pselo-calyceal function of kidney grafts].

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerous demonstration studies have identified a large potential for adaptive facades to improve the energy performance and indoor environmental quality of buildings. However, to enable widespread application of these concepts, there is a need for more research and development, leading to innovative materials and components, and better scalable solutions. One of the barriers that hinders innovation and adoption of new technologies for improved energy efficiency in buildings is known as the Valley of Death – the metaphor which describes the lack of resources and expertise that impedes new ideas in their transition from lab to market. In this paper, the use of building performance simulation is put forward as a useful tool in the product development process of innovative adaptable building envelope components. By discussing the background principles and details of two application examples, we show how building performance simulation can become a useful tool to help close the gap between building material innovation and successful building application.
of Ethnic and Other Minorities in the Economic Profession

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using a survey questionnaire of academic economists in the United Kingdom, we examine the representation of ethnic and other minorities. We find that nearly 12% of UK-employed academic economists are of ethnic minority origin. However, only 1 % of the sample are UKborn ethnic minority. Controlling for individual and workplace characteristics, there is no significant ethnic minority effect on academic rank. However, there is a significant negative earnings effect. Further, 41% of ethnic minority economists feel that they have suffered workplace discrimination.
Multilevel Monte Carlo applied for uncertainty quantification in stochastic multiscale systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) sampling technique for uncertainty quantification in stochastic multiscale systems. Two systems, a chemical vapor deposition chamber and a catalytic flow reactor, subject to multiple parameter uncertainty, were considered. The distributions of the systems' observables were estimated using standard MC sampling and polynomial chaos expansions (PCE), where the coefficients were calculated by nonintrusive spectral projection. The MLMC technique was used to efficiently sample the two systems and accurately estimate the data necessary for constructing the PCE expressions. The results show that the usage of MLMC improved the precision of identification of PCE versus the traditional heuristic approach and lowered the computational cost of uncertainty quantification compared to standard MC.
Information sharing patterns in Knowledge Management System : a case study of Jurong Consultant Pte Ltd, Singapore.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Growing interest in knowledge management stems from the realization that in the knowledge era, organizational knowledge is a strategic corporate asset that needs to be garnered, retained, updated, disseminated and applied to future organizational problems. This cannot be more emphasized for an organization, which is in the consulting business where knowledge and information forms the backbone for success and a strategic corporate asset.
Duodenal and liver lesions in an adult with generalised weakness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 73-year-old man with a history of heart failure and hypertension presented with a several-week history of generalised weakness, anorexia, 5 kg weight loss, intermittent small volume hematochezia and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. He denied fever, chills, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. He had no previous endoscopy or colorectal cancer screening.

His admission vital signs were normal. He was anaemic (haemoglobin 8.6 g/dL reference 12–18 g/dL), with mean corpuscular volume 83 (81–100 fL/cell), ferritin 321.9 (11–336 ng/mL), alkaline phosphatase 174 (38–127 IU/L), albumin 2.4 (3.5–4.9 g/dL), total bilirubin 0.8 (0.2–1.2 mg/dL) and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase 28/21 (10–40 U/L, 7–56 U/L). Serological tests for hepatitis and HIV were negative. RPR was negative 1 month previously. CT imaging with intravenous contrast (figure 1) revealed six target-like liver lesions (0.7 to 1 cm) with peripheral arterial enhancement and several enlarged coeliac lymph nodes (largest 0.8 cm). Due to anaemia/hematochezia, upper and lower endoscopy were performed. His oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed …
Degarelix Versus Goserelin Plus Bicalutamide in the Short‐Term Relief of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostate Cancer Patients: Results of a Pooled Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective In patients with prostate cancer ( PCa ), prostate enlargement may give rise to lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ); many patients suffer from moderate‐to‐severe symptoms. We compare the efficacy of degarelix and goserelin plus bicalutamide in improving LUTS in PCa patients. Methods Data were pooled from three P hase 3, randomized clinical trials of once‐monthly treatment for 12 weeks with degarelix (240/80 mg; n = 289) or goserelin (3.6 mg) plus bicalutamide (50 mg; n = 174) for initial flare protection. LUTS at weeks 4, 8, and 12 were compared to baseline. Clinically relevant LUTS relief was a ≥3‐point International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) decrease. Adverse events were assessed throughout the trials. Results Patients receiving degarelix had significantly greater decreases in IPSS vs. goserelin at week 12 (adjusted difference: −1.24; 95% CI −2.33 to −0.14, P = 0.03). Clinically relevant LUTS relief with degarelix was especially pronounced in patients with moderate‐to‐severe LUTS (baseline IPSS ≥13) (odds ratio; OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.19–4.47, P = 0.01) and advanced PCa ( OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.10–5.04, P = 0.03). A twofold higher OR for early (week 4) LUTS relief was seen with degarelix vs. goserelin ( OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.14–3.60, P = 0.02). No difference in total prostate volume or urinary tract infection‐related adverse events (2%) was seen between treatment groups. Conclusion An early, significant and clinically more pronounced improvement of LUTS , especially in patients with moderate‐to‐severe LUTS or advanced PCa , was seen with degarelix vs. goserelin plus bicalutamide.
NFRs through Misuse Cases Abstract Misuse Cases Help to Elicit Non-Functional Requirements

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Use Cases are widely seen as suitable for defining functional requirements for software. There is controversy about the suitability of Use Cases for Systems other than Software, and for Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs). This centres on the variety of methods proposed for use case analysis, the range of uses proposed for use cases in different contexts, and the perceived imprecision in some of the proposed approaches. This paper suggests that apparently diverse approaches [Sindre &amp; Opdahl 2001, Allenby &amp; Kelly 2001] can be combined to facilitate different aspects of Systems Engineering (SE). Suitably documented, Use Cases can help to elicit requirements of different kinds for Real-Time and Safety-Related Systems, including not only functions but Reliability, Safety, and Security NFRs. The proposed approach analyses Use and Misuse Cases in a game-like sequence to discover successively more detailed threats and NFRs to mitigate these threats. Simultaneously, systems analysis discovers functions, often of subsystems, to meet these NFRs. The Scenario Plus toolkit has been extended to draw Misuse Cases, and both threatens and mitigates links between Use and Misuse Cases, from a requirements database automatically. The implemented approach could form part of a scenario-based method of engineering the requirements for
Cell cycle roles for two 14-3-3 proteins duringDrosophiladevelopment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Drosophila 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3ζ proteins have been shown to function in RAS/MAP kinase pathways that influence the differentiation of the adult eye and the embryo. Because 14-3-3 proteins have a conserved involvement in cell cycle checkpoints in other systems, we asked (1) whether Drosophila 14-3-3 proteins also function in cell cycle regulation, and (2) whether cell proliferation during Drosophila development has different requirements for the two 14-3-3 proteins. We find that antibody staining for 14-3-3 family members is cytoplasmic in interphase and perichromosomal in mitosis. Using mutants of cyclins, Cdk1 and Cdc25string to manipulate Cdk1 activity, we found that the localization of 14-3-3 proteins is coupled to Cdk1 activity and cell cycle stage. Relocalization of 14-3-3 proteins with cell cycle progression suggested cell-cycle-specific roles. This notion is confirmed by the phenotypes of 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3ζ mutants: 14-3-3ε is required to time mitosis in undisturbed post-blastoderm cell cycles and to delay mitosis following irradiation; 14-3-3ζ is required for normal chromosome separation during syncytial mitoses. We suggest a model in which 14-3-3 proteins act in the undisturbed cell cycle to set a threshold for entry into mitosis by suppressing Cdk1 activity, to block mitosis following radiation damage and to facilitate proper exit from mitosis.
Combined Aortic and Mitral Incompetence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

s1 May 1968Combined Aortic and Mitral Incompetence.Kenneth I. Shine, M.D., Roman W. DeSanctis, M.D., F.A.C.P., Charles A. Sanders, M.D., W. Gerald Austen, M.D.Kenneth I. Shine, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roman W. DeSanctis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Charles A. Sanders, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. Gerald Austen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1161_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe problem of mitral incompetence complicating aortic regurgitation was analyzed in 39 patients. In each case the diagnosis was confirmed either at cardiac surgery or autopsy.Three groups were defined according to the cause of mitral insufficiency: group I (12 patients)—rupture of mitral chordae tendineae; group II (13 patients)—mitral insufficiency as a consequence of advanced left ventricular failure; and group III (14 patients)—mitral insufficiency due to rheumatic mitral incompetence.The clinical, hemodynamic, and radiographic features of the three groups were compared. Groups I and II showed many common features, including male predominance, preservation of sinus rhythm, and a small left... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1161-1162KeywordsAutopsyCardiac surgeryHemodynamicsMitral insufficiency Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Instar, Diet and Time of Day at Infestation in Relation to Establishment of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), On Whorl Stage Sorghum1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments were conducted to determine establishment of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), infestations on whorl stage sorghum when larvae in different stages were reared on either sorghum foliage or wheat germ based diet and artificially inoculated onto the plants. No differences were observed in numbers of larvae per plant on days 1, 2, 6 or 12 after infestation when plants were inoculated with third instar larvae reared on sorghum foliage or wheat germ diet. Inoculations using first or third instars at day 1, 6 or 12 after infestation were not compared because of non-significant interactions. However, at day 2 after infestation and when first instar larvae were used, the mean numbers of larvae per plant were greater when inoculations were made at 7:00 am and 1:00 pm than at 6:00 pm, whereas when third instar larvae were used a greater number of larvae was on the infested plants when inoculated at 7:00 am than at 1:00 pm or 6:00 pm. For experimentation, it is better to inoculate whorl stage sorghum with first or third instar fall armyworm larvae reared on either sorghum foliage or wheat germ diet during early morning than later during the day to obtain suitable survival of larvae to successfully establish infestations of this pest.
On vesical Bilharzia in the lango district (Uganda)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) In September, 1949, the D.M.O., Lira, Lango District (Uganda), J. Gordon Brown, discovered vesical bilharzia in three schools in the southwestern part of the district, near the Nile, and we were invited to investigate the source of the endemic. (2) Amongst various fresh water snails we found Pyrgophysa forskalii and Physopsis nasuta, which were especially abundant in the water holes (pools and ponds) surrounding the hamlets where the natives use the water for drinking and washing and for watering cattle. (3) Many Pyrgophysa were found free from Schistosoma cercariae. Butin several holes a certain percentage of Physopsis shedding them was found. (4) Animal experiments proved that the Schistosoma cercariae found in the Physopsis belong to two different species: S. bovis and S. haematobium. Consequently it is Ph. nasuta which is responsible for vesical bilharzia in this country. (5) The only constant difference between S. bovis and S. haematobium is the shape of the eggs, as the length of the united caecum and the vitelline glands varies a little even in the same species. (6) Vesical bilharzia is very common in the area in question, and was found in all the schools we visited, also in certain villages where the natives did not conceal it (for fear of injections). (7) Treatment when left to the native assistants and orderlies was not efficacious. (8) As water holes containing snails abound in the country, the systematic destruction of the latter seems very difficult, although the attempt seems well worth while. (9) We proposed therefore that a special medical organization for the systematic treatment of all the natives affected, in the villages as in the schools, should be set up. Miracil (nilodin) should be tried.
Contraceptive Vaginal Ring and Female Sexual Function in Kigali, Rwanda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sexual satisfaction may influence acceptability and adherence of contraceptive methods, in particular contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) which are likely to affect sexual relationship. This study aimed to assess female sexual function (FSF) among women using CVRs in Rwanda. Women participating in a CVR clinical trial in Kigali, Rwanda. Mixed-methods were used to assess acceptability and adherence of a CVR (Nuvaring®) in this two arm trial, comparing women with intermittent and extended ring use. FSF was assessed in both arms before and after CVR use. A 6-Item Version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) was administered to measure FSF, assessing for each item optimal function (maximum 5) to poor function (minimum 1). Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data indicated high acceptability of and adherence to the Nuvaring®. Of a total of 120 women enrolled, ten reported a low baseline FSF score (≤ 19). At the last study visit, 95 women (79.2%) had a high FSF score between 25-30, 23 (19.2%) a moderate score between 20-24 and only two women (1.6%) reported a score ≤ 19. Compared to baseline FSF scores (total mean 24.2 ±3SD), end of study visit scores (total mean 26.5 ± 2.5SD) showed an improved sexual function (p<0.05). A significant improvement between baseline and last visit was seen when looking at all 6 items individually. We did not find a significant difference in improved sexual function between intermittent and extended users. (Inter)personal factors such as the quality of the relationship and the effects on sexual pleasure had an impact on overall acceptability and adherence of the CVR.
COMPARISON OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF MOXONIDINE VERSUS CLONIDINE IN RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls as the heart pumps out blood, and high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body. Factors that can increase this force include higher blood volume due to extra fluid in the blood and blood vessels that are narrow, stiff, or clogged(1). High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to work properly. When the force of blood flow is high, blood vessels stretch so blood flows more easily. Eventually, this stretching scars and weakens blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidneys.
Heterogeneous Effects of School Re-Openings on the Labor Supply of Parents of Young School-Age Children

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Throughout the pandemic Chile implemented a series of public health mandates restricting mobility and high social-contact activities with a goal of reducing disease spread. In this paper, we study the impact of one of these policies - central planner variation in school re-openings on labor market outcomes. We examine how access to supervised care for children in school affected mothers’ labor supply and show that mothers increased labor force participation anywhere from 2.6 to 21.0 percentage points (ppts) as schools re-opened. As mothers came back to the labor force, however, unplanned disruptions decreased their ability to stay actively engaged in work and increased their take up of leave from work, an artifact of unanticipated sick children and quarantine policies that particularly affected mothers who were secondary earners in the household. Conditional on being in the labor force, having a teenager buffered both mothers and fathers from work disruptions; parents were more likely to be actively working and less likely to be on leave. Our findings support a theory that parental labor supply is sensitivity to disruptions in the care of children but also depends on household composition and each parent’s role beyond gender. Policies that encourage consistent formalized systems of care and learning for children will not only benefit children, but also a second-earner’s ability to re-enter the labor force and advance at work.
Effects of blocking D2/D3 receptors on mismatch negativity and P3a amplitude of initially antipsychotic naïve, first episode schizophrenia patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Reduced mismatch negativity and P3a amplitude have been suggested to be among the core deficits in schizophrenia since the late 1970s. Blockade of dopamine D2 receptors play an important role in the treatment of schizophrenia. In addition, there is some evidence indicating that deficits in mismatch negativity and P3a amplitude are related to increased dopaminergic activity. This is the first study investigating the effect of amisulpride, a potent D2-antagonist, on mismatch negativity and P3a amplitude in a large group of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods: Fifty-one antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients were tested in a mismatch negativity paradigm at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment with amisulpride. We further examined 48 age- and gender-matched controls in this paradigm. Results: At baseline, the patients showed significantly reduced P3a amplitude compared with healthy controls, but no differences in mismatch negativity. Although the treatment with amisulpride significantly improved the patients' psychopathological (PANSS) and functional (GAF) scores, it did not influence their mismatch negativity amplitude, while also their reduced P3a amplitude persisted. Conclusion: Our findings show that antipsychotic naïve, first-episode patients with schizophrenia have normal mismatch negativity yet reduced P3a amplitude compared with healthy controls. In spite of the fact that the 6-week amisulpride treatment improved the patients both clinically and functionally, it had no effect on either mismatch negativity or P3a amplitude. This suggests that even though there is a dopaminergic involvement in global functioning and symptomatology in schizophrenia, there is no such involvement in these particular measures of early information processing.
Investigation on ultrasound-assisted extraction of three dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans from Hemistepta lyrata

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasound-assisted extraction is evaluated as a simpler and more effective alternative to conventional extraction methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural product. This study investigated the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction to extract three dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, including tracheloside, hemislienoside, and arctiin from Hemistepta lyrata. Factors such as extraction solvent, solvent concentration, solvent to material ratio, and extraction time were examined. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was used for simultaneous determination of the target compounds in the corresponding extracts. Results showed that the optimal parameters to extract the target compounds from H. lyrata were as follows: extraction solvent: 70% aqueous ethanol; solvent to material ratio: 20:1 (v/w, ml/g); extraction time: 20 min under the conditions: ultrasonic frequency: 40 Hz; extraction temperature: 30 ˚C. With all these merits, ultrasound-assisted extraction should be considered for wider application in the extraction of tracheloside, hemislienoside, and arctiin from other medicinal plants.
Use of Samh Seeds (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei Hochst) in the Laying Hen Diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Samh plant is grown wildly in the northern part of Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical analysis and the True Metabolizable energy of the Samh seeds and the possibilities of using this feed ingredient in the diets of layers. The chemical analysis of the Samh showed that it contained 22.16% protein, 3.09% fat, 10.62% fiber, 6.93% moisture, 0.05% Ca, 0.17% P and 2.49% Ash. The amino acid profile showed higher levels of non-essential amino acids and lower essential amino acids than SBM. The AME of the seeds, calculated from the TME, was found to be 2976 Kcal/Kg. A trial was conducted for 24 weeks using 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% Samh seeds in layer diets, showed that including up to 10% Samh seeds in the layer diet improved egg weight, production rate and egg mass of the layer. However, feed consumption and conversion were deteriorated as level of Samh seeds increased beyond 5% level. Birds, fed Samh seeds produced lighter color yolk than the control birds. Yolk index was better in the control birds comparing to those fed the Samh seeds. It was concluded that until more research is conducted in this area, no recommendations can be drawn in favor of the Samh seeds, however, there was some indications that Samh seeds can replace part of corn, but in this case the diet should be fortified with yolk coloring agent.
A route to pyrazolylazopyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles via l,5-dimethyl-3R-pyrazolyl-4-diazonium salts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

l,5-Dimethyl-3R-pyrazolyl-4-diazonium salts (R H, C C–Ph) have been converted into the corresponding 6-(l,5-dimethyl-3R-pyrazol-4-yl)azo-l-methyl-3R-4H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles 6a,b and it has been shown that the reaction proceeds via l-methyl-5-(l,5-dimethyl-3R-pyrazolyl-4-azo)methyl-3R-pyrazolyl-4-diazonium chlorides 4a,b.