jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Materials Data on Mg(CuO2)2 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

MgCu2O4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form MgO4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–62°. There is one shorter (1.98 Å) and three longer (1.99 Å) Mg–O bond length. There are four inequivalent Cu3+ sites. In the first Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO4 tetrahedra and edges with six CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. In the second Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO4 tetrahedra and edges with six CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.03 Å. In the third Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO4 tetrahedra and edges with six CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.14 Å. In the fourth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO4 tetrahedra and edges with six CuO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and four longer (2.02 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Mg2+ and three Cu3+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OMgCu3 trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Mg2+ and three Cu3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Mg2+ and three Cu3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Mg2+ and three Cu3+ atoms.
Unchartered territory? Navigating voice, accountability, and prevention in suicide‐related domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Distinct from a criminal justice investigation, which focuses on the retrospective attribution of responsibility and the imposition of punishment on a perpetrator of abuse, domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) involve a contextual exploration of the circumstances in which the death occurred, with a view to learning lessons that can facilitate improved safeguarding, agency engagement, and support provision. In this article, we report on an analysis of reviews completed in England and Wales in cases of domestic abuse‐related suicide, and interviews with professionals and bereaved family members. We highlight challenges faced in relation to facilitating voice and participation, encouraging critical reflection and accountability, and ensuring implementation and prevention. With the DHR regime under review in England and Wales, and a focus on its applicability to deaths by suicide, we reflect on lessons that might be learned from other processes where efforts to cultivate a ‘just’ rather than a ‘blame’ culture have also been made.
Local Processing in Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Patterns of abrupt changes in a scene, such as the dynamic occlusion of texture elements (causing their apppearance and disappearance), can give rise to the perception of the edges of the occluder via a process called Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation (SBF). It has previously been shown that SBF can be disrupted by very small amounts of dynamic noise spread globally throughout a scene. We recently developed a mathematical model of SBF in which groups of local changes are used to extract edges, which are then combined into a gure and used to estimate the gure's motion. The model implies that SBF relies on local processing and predicts that SBF should be impaired when noise is added near the edges of the gure, but not when it is added far from the edges. This prediction was tested in a shape-identication task in which the location of noise is varied. Indeed, performance was not impaired by noise far from the gure, but was markedly disrupted by noise near the gure, supporting the notion that changes are integrated locally rather than globally during SBF. In the second part of this project, the mathematical model of SBF was implemented in software. Reichardt-based motion detectors were used to lter the experimental stimuli and provide the input to the software implementation. Three simple geometrical gures, similar to those used in the psychophysical experiment, were reconstructed using this method, demonstrating one way in which a mid-level visual mechanism such as SBF could connect low-level mechanisms such as change detection to higher-level mechanisms such as shape detection.
Quality of life in patients with cervical cancer FIGO IIb stage after concomitant chemoradiotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Quality of life in patients with cervical cancer FIGO IIb stage after concomitant chemoradiotherapyBackground. The literature reports are unclear regarding the quality of life in patients after the concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Our aim was to define and compare the quality of life of patients with cervical cancer FIGO IIb stage before and after the concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Methods. Nineteen patients were irradiated to 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the pelvis and additional 20-24 Gy in 4-6 fractions were given by intracavitary high dosage rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Patients received 40 mg/m2 of cisplatin once a week, starting from the first day of the intracavitary brachytherapy treatment, which is a total of 4-6 cycles of cisplatin. Patients were surveyed with two questionnaires for the assessment of the quality of life. They were developed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC): one was cancer specific (EORTC QLQ-C30) and one was site specific (EORTC QLQ-Cx24). Patients answered the questions for the period immediately before diagnosed cervical cancer (thus being a control group) and for the period starting 12 months after the completion of the concomitant chemoradiotherapy (thus being an experimental group).Results. A statistically significant difference between the median scores
Financing Protection of the Global Commons: The Case for a Green Planet Contribution

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that new, more automatic fundraising approaches promise to be more effective than the traditional approach in raising adequate and predictable resources to help developing countries respond to global environmental challenges. An annual green planet contribution of United States (U.S.) 2 dollars levied on some polluting activity and paid by applicable individual citizens of developed countries will raise about twice the amount of resources currently available from both multilateral and bilateral sources for global environmental measures in developing countries. The following analysis discusses why such a fund-raising approach for protecting global commons in developing countries will be superior to the existing mechanism and why it holds the promise of securing adequate and predictable resource flows in the coming decades. The present analysis builds on recent experience with new market-based approaches to domestic environmental policy-making in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The paper discusses various options for levying a global environmental charge or user fee with respect to such factors as ease of implementation, political acceptability, and fund-raising potential. It concludes that a personal green planet contribution levied annually with car registration renewal may be the most promising, albeit not the only, option worth considering.
Design of Water Distribution Networks via a Novel Fractional Succedaneum Shuffled Frog Leaping Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is known that the design problem of water distribution networks (WDNs) is an NP-hard combinatorial problem which cannot be easily solved using traditional mathematical numerical methods. On the other hand, fractional calculus, which is a generalization of the classical integer-order calculus, involves some interesting features such as having memory of past events. Based on the concept of fractional calculus, this paper proposes the use of a new version of heuristic shuffled frog leaping (SFL) algorithm for solving the optimal design problem of WDNs. In order to increase the convergence speed of the original SFL algorithm, a history of past events is added to the SFL updating formula. Moreover, some memeplexes of the original SFL method are altered to increase the diversification property of the SFL which helps the algorithm to avoid trapping in local optima. The new version of the SFL algorithm is called fractional succedaneum momentum shuffled frog leaping (FSSFL) method. The proposed FSSFL is applied for designing WDNs. Four illustrative and examples are presented to show the efficiency and superiority of the introduced FSSFL compared to the other well-known heuristic algorithms.
Impact of Non-Conducting HCI Degradation on Small-Signal Parameters in RF SOI MOSFET

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

DC curves and S-parameters up to 30 GHz measured before and after hot-carrier-injection (HCI) stress in non-conducting (NC) mode are used to study the degradation suffered by the small-signal input and output impedances of a PD-SOI MOSFET. Modeling of the gate oxide $\boldsymbol{(R_{ox})}$ and channel resistance $(\boldsymbol{R_{ch}})$ due to NC-HCI is also performed and investigated in detail. Noticeable impact on the device's input resistance is seen for the first time up to frequencies of 500 MHz, but it is expected to increase further into the microwave frequency range as the gate leakage increases due to either device degradation or large applied gate voltage.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part. 29. Tin—Tellurium Exchange Reaction in Tin‐Containing Heterocycles: A New Entry for the Preparation of Tellurium Heterocycles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Benzo[b]tellurophene, 1H‐isotellurochromene and benzotellurepines are synthesized by a simple tin—tellurium replacement reaction from the corresponding five‐, six‐ and seven‐membered tin‐containing heterocycles.
Características infantis, maternas e socioeconômicas influenciam práticas de higiene bucal em escolares

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Backgroung: the prevention of dental caries is basically done by brushing and flossing the teeth. The adoption of these habits, especially in children, is a complex process that depends on factors related to different aspects of life. Objective: to determine the association between children’s, maternal and socioeconomic characteristics with oral hygiene habits in students aged 7 to 10 years in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with probabilistic sample of triple stage with final study population of 1,282 students. Data were collected using a questionnaire applied to children and questionnaire sent to parents to fill out and return. The outcome was the variable summary called “Oral Hygiene Practices” with three possible combinations: less favorable level, intermediate level and more favorable level. The independent variables were children´s, maternal and socioeconomic characteristics. The Multinomial Regression Analysis was performed between the independent variables that showed significance less or equal to 0.10 in the Bivariate Analysis and the summary variable. The significance level for the variables in the final model was p<0.05 and less favorable level was used as reference. Results: most were female (58.0%), aged 8 and 9 (56.1%) and enrolled in public schools (82.8%). The most favorable oral hygiene level showed the highest prevalence (78.0%) among schoolchildren. Remained associated to more favorable level in the final model the variables: living with father and mother in the same home (OR=2,88; IC95%=1,15-7,20), dental appointment (OR=3,01; IC95%=1,32-6,85), cavity experience (OR=2,88; IC95%=1,15-7,20)) and own a toothbrush (OR=4,72; IC95%=1,43-15,66). Conclusion: social determinants have a strong influence on the adoption of positive habits. It is necessary for public health a more comprehensive approach to the perspective of health inequalities so that the family and social context should not be overlooked.
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221115201 – Supplemental material for Clinical challenges in diagnosis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221115201 for Clinical challenges in diagnosis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis by Chemen M Neal and Mark G Martens in SAGE Open Medicine
hCINAP is potentially a direct target gene of HIF-1 and is required for hypoxia-induced EMT and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The early metastasis of cervical cancer is a multistep process requiring the cancer cells to adapt to the signal input from different tissue environments, including hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in the ability to invade surrounding tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT in cervical cancer remain to be elucidated. Herein, we show that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) are recruited to the human coilin-interacting nuclear ATPase protein (hCINAP) promoter and initiate hCINAP expression in hypoxia. Ablation of hCINAP decreased the migratory capacity and EMT of cervical cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, hCINAP regulated EMT through the Akt–mTOR signaling pathway, and inhibits hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis. Our data collectively show that hCINAP may have essential roles in the metastasis of cervical cancer and could be a potential target for curing cervical cancer.
2-Bromo-<i>α</i>-Ergocryptine (CB-154) and Tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) Induced Suppression of the Genesis of Mammary Carcinomas in Female Rats Treated with 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA): A Comparison

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Daily treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with CB-154 (prolactin suppressor) or Tamoxifen (estrogen antagonist) for 33 days before and after 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) administration reduced (p less than 0.005) the incidence of mammary carcinomas by 58 and 49%, respectively. A combination of CB-154 and Tamoxifen further reduced (p less than 0.005) mammary carcinoma incidence by an additional 50-59%. Treatment with Tamoxifen for 66 days beginning 33 days after carcinogen treatment reduced (p less than 0.05) the incidence of mammary carcinomas by 65%; CB-154 treatment, during the same time period, did not significantly effect the final yield of mammary carcinomas. The combination of Tamoxifen and CB-154 was comparable to Tamoxifen alone in suppressing the incidence of mammary carcinomas in the latter study. These results demonstrate a substantial suppressive and synergistic effect of Tamoxifen and CB-154 in the initiating phases of mammary carcinogenesis while in the early promoting phases of this oncogenic process, short-term treatment with Tamoxifen was superior to CB-154 treatment; no synergism between these clinically important compounds was observed.
Daily and Seasonal Activity Patterns of <I>Rhagoletis indifferens</I> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The diurnal and seasonal activity patterns of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined on three sweet cherry trees, Prunus avium (L.), from 0700 to 1900 hours during June and July 2001 in Yakima County, WA. There were significant effects of time of day and season on numbers of flies seen on fruit relative to leaves, indicating that presence on or attraction to these substrates for feeding, mating, or oviposition, whether caused by visual or chemical cues, was greatly modified by temperature. When temperatures were 15–16°C at 0700 hours in early June, flies of both sexes were seen mostly on leaves, but when the temperature reached 20°C, more flies of both sexes moved onto fruit. Peak fly sightings occurred at 25–35°C, usually after 1000 hours. At >35°C, most flies vanished from view, and those seen were less active. Over the entire season, males were seen four times more often than females and spent more time on fruit than on leaves. Females were seen equally on and spent equal time on fruit and leaves when temperatures were 20–35°C. Mating was initiated on fruit but was completed on fruit and leaves. Overall fly sightings and daily temperatures were positively correlated early in the season when it was cooler, uncorrelated in the middle of the season, and negatively correlated in late season when it was warmest. The results show that R. indifferens presence and times spent on fruit and leaves are greatly altered by daily and seasonal changes in temperature, but they also suggest that at 20–35°C substrate-seeking behaviors of each sex do not change with time of day or season.
Visualization software for Hydrophobic-polar protein folding model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The simplest and most used models of protein folding is the Hydrophobic-Polar (HP) model.The HP model labeling the amino acids as Hydrophilic (H) or Polar/ydrophilic (P).The folding of amino acids sequence is configured as self-avoiding walks on the 2D or 3D lattice, where the optimal conformation has maximum number of contacts between H amino acids (H-H contacts) that are not adjustment in amino acid sequence.In this paper, we develop and present software for visualization of HP protein folding problem under the HP model on the 2D square lattice.For the development of HP folding visualization software, we used MS Visual Studio, .NET Framework 2.0 and C# language.If we have HP sequence and folding results for this sequence, obtained by optimization software as CPLEX or GUROBI, then using the 2D visualization software we can visualize the obtained results in square lattice.This visualization software is a valuable tool for the study of HP folding and is a great pedagogic instrument.All figures of HP folding included in this paper are actual screenshots of our visualization program.
Changes in the concentrations of available zinc and copper in soil fertilized with sulfur

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The concentrations of available forms of trace elements in the soil are mostly determined by their total content and soil processes. Soil organic matter and pH are the key factors affecting the content and mobility of heavy metals in soil. According to many authors, the toxicity of heavy metals and their availability to plants increase due to soil acidification caused by sulfur deposition. The direct and residual effect of sulfur fertilization on changes in the heavy metal content of soil has to be taken into account in environmental analyses in agricultural areas, including environmental impact assessments and predictions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing doses of sulfate and elemental sulfur on changes in the concentrations of available zinc and copper in soil samples collected at a depth of 0-40 and 40-80 cm. A three-year field experiment was conducted on Dystric Cambisols (FAO), of the granulometric composition of heavy loamy sand. Soil samples were collected from each plot, prior to the establishment of the trials, after each harvest and before sowing the consecutive crop. The soil samples were used to determine the concentrations: Zn and Cu in soil (extractions with 1 mol HCl dm–3, the ratio between soil and extraction – 1:10) was determined by the AAS method using a Schimadzu AA apparatus. The results of the yields and chemical analysis of soil were processed statistically with the analysis of variance. The application of sulfate and elemental sulfur decreased the zinc content of 0-40 and 40-80 cm soil layers, as compared with soil sampled before the experiment. Sulfur fertilization had no effect on changes in copper concentrations in both soil horizons. The sulfur doses applied in the experiment did not affect the natural content of zinc and copper in the soil, and had no negative agricultural or environmental impacts.
IoT Platform-based iAR: a Prototype for Plant O&M Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present an iAR prototype designed for offshore/onshore plant's piping O&M. We have defined terms of iAR as "integrated-AR" and "intelligent-AR" in previous paper. That is, AR technology or application should be integrated with CAD system (or CAD oriented system) and be able to support engineering knowledge to be the successful industry application. The system uses "Intergraph Smart™ 3D for Plant" to export piping model data and "PTC ThingWorx" as IoT platform. The architecture of our prototype involves two main modules: converting pipe drawing data to 3D model and connecting sensor data to 3D model. The first module includes parametric piping symbol data generator, which can directly generate 3D geometry model from isometric piping drawing files. In the second module, we developed fast sensor data connecting methods for connecting sensor device with 3D model. By combining these processing modules, the proposed system is able to successfully apply to plant's O&M (operation and maintenance).
Cryptic U2-dependent Pre-mRNASplice Site Usage Induced by Splice Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Antisense oligomers (AOs) are increasingly being used for modulating RNA splicing in live cells, both for research and for therapeutic purposes. While the most common intended effect of these AOs is to induce skipping of whole exons, rare examples are emerging of AOs that induce skipping of only part of an exon, through activation of an internal cryptic splice site. In this report, we examined seven such examples of AO-induced cryptic splice site activation – five new examples from our own experiments and three from reports published by others. We modelled the predicted effects that AO binding would have on the secondary structure of each of the RNA targets, and how these alterations would in turn affect the accessibility of the RNA to splice factors. We observed that a common predicted effect of AO binding was a disruption to the exon definition signal within the exon’s excluded segment.
Trisomy 8 with a jumping addition in ANLL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a case of ANLL with an unusual cytogenetic finding. The patient is a 73-year-old male whose bone marrow showed 100% blasts. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry found the cells to be positive for CD15, CD33, CD34, CD38, and HLA-DR. All metaphases analyzed had trisomy 8 and an identical large amount of unidentified chromosomal material incorporated at the telomere of one of three chromosomes: 47,XY,add(20)(q13.3)[15]/47,XY,add(12)(q24.3)[3]/47,XY,add(3)(p26)[2]. This may be a jumping addition, a variation of a jumping translocation with an unknown donor, or maybe an HSR with variable sites of integration. FISH results are presented to attempt to answer the question.