jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Negotiation Process among ESL Learners in Higher Institution

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Negotiation is an integral part of our daily lives. It occurs everywhere and requires skillful interactions. The purpose of this study is to examine the negotiation process among ESL learners and identify any problem that may arise in the process. The participants were twenty-six students who enrolled a course on effective oral communication skills in a public university in Malaysia. The main data were generated from a situational observation of the interactional features produced by the participants who were engaged in the negotiation tasks planned and created by them beforehand. Open-ended questionnaires were also used to capture learners' reflections of the negotiation process. It is found that ESL learners come across major problems, such as loss of words and ideas, and also being overshadowed by proficient learners. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on negotiation process by providing insights into the problems faced by the learners while negotiating. These insights are hoped to be useful for teachers in equipping students with necessary language skills for them to manage negotiation process effectively.
Earthworm Macropores and Preferential Transport in a Long‐Term Manure Applied Typic Hapludalf

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Deep burrowing earthworm species have been found to be present in soils with a history of manure application. This study was designed to quantify the effects of long‐term application of liquid dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer on the distribution of earthworm macropores and in turn on the preferential transport of water and tracer through a typical soil of the karst area of the upper mid‐western USA. Large (≈ 30 cm diam. by 90 cm long) undisturbed soil columns were taken from plots where liquid dairy manure or inorganic fertilizers had been applied continuously for 8 yr. The number and size distribution of macropores in soil columns were nearly the same for both inorganic and manure treatments, however, visible surface macropores were continuous to much deeper depth in soil columns taken from manure than from the inorganic fertilizer plot. Identification of the earthworms a year later showed the presence of Apporectodea tuberculata, A. trapezoides , and Lumbricus rubellus , subsurface burrowers, as well as, L. terristris , a deeper burrowing species in the manure applied plot. Apporectodea tuberculata was the only species present in the inorganic fertilizer plot. Number of macropores and macroporosity varied with soil depth. The maximum macroporosity was <2.5% and it occurred at 2‐cm depth. The predominant macropore sizes were between 1‐ and 2‐mm radii for both treatments. During breakthrough experiments, Cl − appeared earlier in soil columns taken from the manure plot thereby indicating a greater continuity of macropores in the manure compared with the inorganic fertilizer treatment. Thearly appearance of Cl − in the manure treatment, however, was much slower than one would expect based on the number of macropores and their continuity estimated from the serial sectioning. This suggests that intrusive serial sectioning and image analysis techniques probably overestimate the continuity of macropores possibly due to vacuuming of the earthworm casts and other debris that plugs the macropore channels. Based on macropore size distribution with depth and related breakthrough curves, it is likely that most existing models of water and contaminant transport that simulate macropore flow, will not accurately predict the transport of water and contaminant because of their assumption that surface visible macropores are continuous to deeper soil depths. Data from this study showed that macropore size distribution could be described by a normal or log‐normal distribution function. These functions in combination with information on continuity and tortuosity of macropores may be sufficient, when used in some current macropore models, to adequately describe the conducting efficiency of macropores in soils.
On the design of structural wing members for an unmanned weight-shift aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a parametric study on the design of the structural wing members of a weight-shift aircraft for the conversion from piloted to unmanned cargo delivery operations. Ultralight weight-shift aircraft wings are designed for both pilot control and structural stability. These wings have evolved over decades without much formal engineering, and there is little scientific literature describing their design. Since modifications to the structural members of the wing are required to replace the pilot with an enclosed cargo bay, a parametric study on the wing design was conducted. The loads on each member of the wing were modelled, and nonlinear buckling simulations were performed to determine the minimum structural member tube sizes.
Daclizumab-Associated Erythroderma Is Associated with Rebound Increases in CD25-Positive CD4 Cells Following Treatment of Aplastic Anemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We previously have reported success in treating patients with moderate aplastic anemia with daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the interleukin-2 receptor (Blood.2003; 102(10):3584–6). Since our first report we have treated eighty-eight patients with moderate aplastic anemia, pure red cell aplasia and relapsed severe aplastic anemia with 1 mg/kg of monoclonal antibody every 2 weeks for 3 months. Although this drug has been used extensively in the management of solid organ rejection, erythroderma has not been reported. In our study, five patients developed a severe generalized erythema in a period of 20 to 70 days following the last dose of treatment. The cutaneous eruptions were characterized by severe pruritis and intense erythematous inflammation with spongiotic papules and plaques. Pathologic evaluation was possible for four of five patients and described focal spongiosis, dermal lymphocytic infiltration including some eosinophils, and no evidence of infection. All patients were negative for anti-nuclear antibody and had no arthritis, fever, or other systemic signs. HLA types were available on 83 of the 88 patients. HLA DR13 was more common in the patients that developed a rash; 80% versus 18% in those who did not develop rash (p = .0071, Fisher’s Exact Test). The rash was associated with a two to ten fold increase in the proportion of CD25-positive CD4 cells compared to pre-drug levels (p&lt;0.05). All patients required treatment with oral corticosteroids for periods of 2–6 weeks. Three patients who had partial or minimal responses to daclizumab elected to undergo a second course. The three patients who had a mild rash after the first course of treatment developed a more severe eruption with subsequent administration of the drug; rashes were delayed after each therapeutic administration of daclizumab. Two additional patients developed other autoimmune symptoms including inflammatory arthritis about three months following daclizumab administration. The absence of autoimmune complications following use of daclizumab in solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients may be related to additional immunosuppression frequently administered to these patients. Our working hypothesis is that daclizumab associated rash is caused by an immune phenomenon. This is supported by the findings that CD4+CD25+ (effector) T cells are expanded at the time of the rash, the presence of a lymphocytic dermal infiltrate, and the relative preponderance of HLA-DR13 in the affected group. It is possible that treatment with daclizumab (an anti-CD25 antibody) results in a relative depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells thereby permitting expansion of CD4+CD25+ effector T cells.
Spatial Distribution of Employment in

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the suburbanisation process has been well documented in some large cities of several developed countries, much less attention has been devoted to the case of small and middle-sized cities in developing countries. This article focuses on an exploratory spatial data analysis to investigate the location of the central business district (CBD) and other employment centres in Hermosillo, Mexico. The results reveal the signifi-cant presence of spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity, although their extent varies with the sector under study. These spatial effects take the form of a persistent cluster of high values of employment around the historical district of the city shaping a huge CBD, although a sub-centre of high values emerges to the south and to the north-west of the CBD in 2004. Overall, Hermosillo is still characterised by a tradi-tional monocentric model, but the role of its CBD has changed. 1.
Multivisceral combined robot-assisted surgery: Single docking partial nephrectomy and cholecystectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case of robot-assisted combined partial nephrectomy and robot-assisted cholecystectomy in a 71-year-old male patient diagnosed with a lower solid renal mass, identified during a regular oncological follow-up for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and suffering of chronic cholecystitis due to a concomitant gall bladder stone. We performed both procedures during a single operative session, using a modified trocar configuration with Da Vinci-Xi Robotic Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California) Platform that allowed the performance of both surgeries with a total blood loss of 100 ml and 187 min of surgical time. A single docking approach of the Xi Da Vinci System resulted in feasible and allowed a reduction of hospitalization costs improving intraoperative surgical timing with all the benefits of the robotic approach for both surgeries.
Stereoselective Synthesis of syn‐β‐Amino Propargylic Ethers: Application to the Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)‐β‐Conhydrine and (−)‐Balanol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The stereoselective synthesis of syn ‐β‐amino propargylic ethers by the addition of racemic lithio 3‐(methoxymethoxy)allenylcuprates, and more particularly (cyano) and (mesityl)cuprates, to enantiopure chiral N‐tert ‐butylsulfinylimines is reported. The scope and limitations of the reaction is studied. The usefulness of the methodology for the synthesis of compounds having a syn ‐1,2‐amino alcohol unit is shown through the development of the asymmetric syntheses of (+)‐β‐conhydrine and of an advanced intermediate of (−)‐balanol.
The Other Philadelphia Story: How Local Congregations Support the Quality of Life in Urban America, by Ram A. Cnaan with Stephanie C. Boddie, Charlene C. McGrew, and Jennifer Kang. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006, 334 pp.; $69.95 USD (cloth)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Other Philadelphia Story: How Local Congregations Support the Quality of Life in Urban America, by Ram A. Cnaan with Stephanie C. Boddie, Charlene C. McGrew, and Jennifer Kang. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006, 334 pp.; $69.95 USD (cloth) Get access Arthur E. Farnsley, II Arthur E. Farnsley, II American Culture, IUPUI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 69, Issue 1, Spring 2008, Pages 113–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/69.1.113 Published: 01 March 2008
The Origins of the Developmental State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter interrogates the currently resurgent and frequently demonized concept of “state capitalism” from a deeper historical perspective. It argues that contrary to what often is maintained, the concept can be fruitfully traced back to the strategies and policies of the city-states of Medieval and Renaissance Italy, if not before, and that pertinent aspects of it can be used to explain practically all successful trajectories of development since. The chapter focuses on the political economy of Grand Duke Cosimo I of Tuscany as a foundational case study in this regard and demonstrates how, in spite of “high modernist” critiques, a number of successful developmental states from the Renaissance to the present actually have aligned themselves with James Scott’s ideal of prudent and practical mētis in matters of political economy.
The Effect of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Laryngopharyngeal Sensitivity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be at increased risk of aspiration secondary to impaired swallow function. One possible cause of this impairment is a reduction in laryngopharyngeal sensitivity. The relationship between COPD and laryngopharyngeal sensitivity has not been previously determined. We conducted a study to investigate the effect of COPD on laryngopharyngeal sensitivity by using laryngopharyngeal sensory discrimination testing (LPSDT). Our study population was made up of 20 adults (mean age: 71.7 yr) with clinically proven COPD and 11 healthy, age-matched controls. All 31 subjects underwent LPSDT with the use of an air-pulse stimulator via a nasendoscope. The threshold of laryngopharyngeal sensation was evaluated by measuring the amount of air pressure required to elicit the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR). We found that the patients with COPD had a significantly higher LAR threshold than did the controls (p < 0.001). We conclude that patients with COPD have significantly less mechanosensitivity in the laryngopharynx. This sensory change may place patients with COPD at increased risk for aspiration.
Inequality in Parental Transfers, Borrowing Constraints and Optimal Higher Education Subsidies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies optimal education subsidies when parental transfers are unequally distributed across students and cannot be publicly observed. After documenting substantial inequality in parental transfers among US college students with similar family resources, I examine its implications for how the education subsidy should vary with schooling level and family resources to minimize inefficiencies generated by borrowing constraints.
PowerPoint Slides for: Association of Albuminuria and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate with Functional Performance Measures in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly common and disproportionately affects older adults. The contribution of kidney disease to the functional impairment noted in the elderly CKD population is unclear. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a hypertensive cohort of people aged ≥75 years from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. We evaluated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) as predictors of 3 measures of functional status: EuroQol-5 Dimensional (EQ-5D) score, Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) score, and gait speed. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between our independent variables and outcome measures. Results: Our analysis included 2,620 participants, mean age of 79.9 (4.0) years. Unadjusted models showed that lower eGFR level and higher UACR level were associated with lower EQ-5D (p < 0.001 for both) and slower gait speed (p < 0.001 for both) and worse scores on FES (p = 0.032 and p = 0.039). In the fully adjusted models, higher levels of UACR remained significantly associated with lower EQ-5D scores and slower gait speed (p = 0.011 and p = 0.002, respectively). In contrast, level of eGFR was not associated with any functional outcome measures when accounting for covariates. Conclusions: In individuals aged ≥75 years, albuminuria and eGFR were associated with impairments in physical performance and self-reported functional status; however, only the association with albuminuria remained after adjusting for relevant demographics and comorbidities. Evaluation of albuminuria may provide an additional tool for identifying older individuals at risk for functional impairment.
Comment on essd-2021-93

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Management of marine fisheries and ecosystems is constrained by knowledge based on datasets with limited temporal coverage. Many populations and ecosystems have been perturbed long before scientific investigations have begun. This situation is particularly acute for the largest and commercially most valuable species. We hypothesized that historical trap fishery records for bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, could contain catch data and information for other, bycatch species, such as swordfish, Xiphias gladius. This species has a long history of exploitation and is presently overexploited, yet indicators of its status (biomass) used in fishery management only start in 1950. Here we examine historical fishery records and logbooks from some of these traps and recovered ca. 110 years of bycatch data (1896–2010). These previously-neglected, but now recovered, data include catch dates and amounts in numbers and/or weights (including individual weights) for the time period before and after major expansion of swordfish fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. New historical datasets such as these could help understand how human activities and natural variability interact to affect long-term dynamics of this species.
A survey of pathogens associated with Cyperus esculentus L (tiger nuts) tubers sold in a Ghanaian city

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cyperus esculentus L, is a minor but important crop in Ghana. They are noted mostly by their aphrodisiac properties among others. The nuts are often eaten raw as an unprocessed snack due to its rich flavour and texture. Though eaten raw, the nuts are sometimes handled unhygienically, posing a public health threat. This study therefore aimed at determining the level and distribution of parasitic and bacterial contaminants associated with the crop as it is sold.Four types of intestinal parasites were identified, and the most prevalent was Cryptosporidium parvum (30.0%). Nuts contaminated with parasites were found only among street vendors. Bacteriological examination showed three different groups of bacterial isolates with the most prevalent being coliforms (54.2%). Unlike parasites, bacteria isolates were found among samples from both street vendors and market places. Multiple drug resistance was displayed by Proteus vulgaris.Buying and eating nuts as well as other fruits taken raw from street vendors and market places could pose a significant public health threat. There is a need for efficient monitoring systems for food borne pathogens in Ghana.
Stability Analysis of Network Controlled Micro-Grid Systems with Communication Delays and Nonlinear Perturbations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the problem of delay-dependent stability of micro-grid load frequency control systems under networked environment with time-invariant delays and bounded nonlinear perturbations has been addressed using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach. In the networked control environment, it is observed that transfer of feedback variable from the sensor to centralized controller, and the control effort from controller back to the actuator through communication links introduces time-delays in the feedback path. The time-delays adversely affect the overall performance of the closed-loop system paving way to system instability. In addition, in distributed generation scenario, the uncertainties in the time-delayed microgrid system brought about by the penetration of fluctuating power generators, viz., solar and wind power combined with perturbations in the system load also affect the performance of the overall system. To assess the impact of these time-varying uncertainties to the closed-loop stability of the micro-grid system, they are included in the mathematical model of the system as a norm-bounded nonlinear perturbation term. Subsequently, the stated problem is solved in a less conservative manner by employing the classical Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach combined with Wirtinger inequality. The analysis results in a delay-dependent stability criterion in linear matrix inequality (LMI) framework. In the sequel, the presented stability criterion is validated on a standard benchmark system and supported with extensive simulation results.
Modified Technology Acceptance Model For Measuring Online Training Adoption in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The pandemic has changed almost all of the ways people do their activities. One of the changes felt was a change in learning activities that were forced to be held online. For approximately 2 years the implementation of knowledge transfer is carried out remotely using certain applications with the support of existing technology and the internet. Transformed learning is not only formal learning in schools but also informal learning such as online courses or training. The pandemic has indirectly catalyzed the growth of 2 new business sectors, namely the health sector and the education sector / Education Technology. Indonesia is a country with a very large population and is very attractive to foreign business players, including those in the Education Technology sector. Therefore, research to analyze the adoption of online training is important to help local startups in the Education Technology sector develop products that are suitable for the Indonesian market. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the behavior of online course/training adoption. The proposed model is a development of the TAM model which is given several additional variables. This research used a set of questionnaire and valid data gathered from 161 samples. Data were analyzed by using Partial Least Square. The result shows that the model has a strong predictive power for measuring future use behavior.
Design of Venturi Flumes in Circular Conduits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of extensive experimental studies to determine the accuracy and design criteria for Venturi flumes of the type first recommended by Harold K. Palmer and Fred D. Bowlus, Members, ASCE, are presented. The coefficient of discharge for the flumes and the hydraulic aspects of Venturi flow, such as energy criteria, channel slope, submergence, and velocity of approach, are examined. The studies and results show the influence of various flume dimensions, such as throat length, side slope, base height, transitions, and point of depth measurement, on the accuracy of the flume.
Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease: Age as an Effect Modifier.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An elevation of serum cholesterol has been one of the more frequently cited risk factors for coronary heart disease, found in both case-control and cohort studies. As a result, this country has undertaken massive screening of adults older than 20 years of age in an attempt to identify those persons with cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dl, and follow up with an active approach for intervention. The suggested cutpoints for borderline (200-240 mg/dl), and definite (=240 mg/dl) hypercholesterolemia have been applied to all age groups despite suggestions of a diminution of risk conferred by cholesterol in the elderly. This study of 2544 white men undergoing coronary angiography shows that for all men, aged 25-84 years, plasma cholesterol levels were associated with an increase in coronary artery occlusion (rs = 0.15, p p &lt;0.00)) in multivariable linear regression analysis, suggesting that cholesterol levels are much less predictive of coronary artery disease in the elderly as compared to the young. These results point to the need for a more finely tuned set of criteria for the evaluation of hypercholesterolemia, one that takes into account the age of the screenee.