jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Petrophysical Inversion of Resistivity Logging Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Inversion is a powerful tool for interpreting resistivity-logging data in complex situations, such as deep invasion, high conductive shoulders, thin beds, anisotropic formations, and highly deviated and horizontal wells. Inversion also provides a general means to interpret data from earlier, unfocused resistivity tools as well as the new generation of array-type instruments, allowing for accurate delineation of the resistivity structure. Although, in most cases, inversion produces solutions that are consistent with petrophysics and geology, there are occasions where consistency is not achieved. In order to address these inconsistencies, we have developed a petrophysical inversion algorithm that involves gamma ray, neutron, density, acoustic, and resistivity data in a single, unified interpretation process.The steps in the interpretation process consist of estimating bed boundary positions from all available measurements, including gamma ray, neutron, density, and resistivity data, using a weighted inflection point method. Bed boundary positions are then adjusted using the tool response functions associated with the various instruments involved and integrated to produce a consistent set of bed boundaries, which best represents the subsurface geology and lithology. Next, upper and lower bounds for formation resistivity and flushed zone resistivity are estimated using an appropriate water saturation equation. Input for resistivity bound estimation includes shale volume, porosity, as well as the possible range of variation for water saturation, formation water resistivity, and shale resistivity. The resistivity bounds are incorporated into the inversion algorithm via an outside penalty function added to the original objective function of the optimization. The proposed inversion algorithm utilizes a generic objective function including a reference model and data weighting based on uncertainties. Furthermore, a first-order spatial-finite difference operator has been built into the objective function to eliminate unrealistic oscillations in the inversion results. A field case example shows that the proposed inversion process can effectively handle systematic noise in the data caused by borehole washouts and inappropriate bed boundary positioning, and generates petrophysically meaningful inversion results.
Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites obtained by reactive blending

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The polypropylene‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PP‐POSS) organic–inorganic hybrids were obtained and studied. The hybrids were prepared by grafting of POSS on PP chains during a reactive melt‐blending of polypropylene (iPP), maleic anhydride functionalized PP (PP‐ g ‐MA), and amine‐functionalized POSS (aminopropylheptaisobutyl‐POSS, ambPOSS, aminopropylheptaisooctyl‐POSS, amoPOSS, or aminoethylaminopropylheptaisobutyl‐POSS, am2bPOSS), taking advantage of the high efficiency of amino‐anhydride reaction in the molten state. The structure, morphology, and physical properties of the obtained hybrids and blends were studied by means of wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, as well as tensile and impact experiments. The influence of POSS chemical structure and grafting degree on the morphological characteristics and mechanical properties was investigated. It was found that grafting of POSS cages on PP chains leads to the POSS dispersion on the molecular level. On contrary, when POSS was mixed with plain iPP any grafting of POSS on iPP chains was impossible, which resulted in phase‐separated blend with crystallites of POSS dispersed in iPP matrix. The mechanical tests revealed that modification of polypropylene by grafting with POSS molecules does not affect significantly its mechanical properties, both static and dynamic, except ultimate strain, which is markedly lower in hybrids and their blends than in plain iPP. Also the impact properties of PP were practically not improved by modification with POSS. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:929–941, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bacterial oxidation in the hydrometallurgical process of copper extraction from copper-containing ore

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Copper extraction technologies are constantly being improved including chemical oxidants. However, chemical oxidants slightly increase the extraction. Thus, this study aims to increase copper extraction using bacterial oxidation as oxidizing reagent. It also compares extraction results between standard leaching with sulfuric acid and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with amino acids nutrient medium. Ore from Zhezkazgan deposit that contains chrysocolla, malachite and iron hydroxide was used as a sample. The ore was dug from a 6m depth. The initial sample was crushed, grinded, mixed, and reduced before preliminary biooxidation by bacterial culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. A mineralogical study of ore was conducted to confirm the copper contains, other compounds and phase composition as well. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were cultured within the nutrient medium of amino acid. This study chooses amino acid serine L, glycine, and asparagine to provide optimum bacterial cell of A. Ferrooxidants. Results showed that preliminary biooxidation by bacterial culture of A.Ferrooxidans increased copper extraction significantly. Further, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans that grow in the nutrient medium containing L-Serine have the highest effect on copper extraction.
Sacral Bioneuromodulation: The Role of Bone Marrow Aspirate in Spinal Cord Injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a severe trauma to the nervous system, leading to significant neurological damage, chronic inflammation, and persistent neuropathic pain. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, immobilization, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, often fall short in fully addressing the underlying pathophysiology and resultant disabilities. Emerging research in the field of regenerative medicine has introduced innovative approaches such as autologous orthobiologic therapies, with bone marrow aspirate (BMA) being particularly notable for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the potential of BMA to modulate inflammatory pathways, enhance tissue regeneration, and restore neurological function disrupted by SCI. We hypothesize that BMA’s bioactive components may stimulate reparative processes at the cellular level, particularly when applied at strategic sites like the sacral hiatus to influence lumbar centers and higher neurological structures. By exploring the mechanisms through which BMA influences spinal repair, this review aims to establish a foundation for its application in clinical settings, potentially offering a transformative approach to SCI management that extends beyond symptomatic relief to promoting functional recovery.
Postsecular Pilgrimage in Malek Bennabi’s Lebbeik: pèlerinage de pauvres and Abdelkébir Khatibi’s Pèlerinage d’un artiste amoureux

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper explores representations of the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca in two North African literary texts, Malek Bennabi’s Lebbeik (1947) and Abdelkébir Khatibi’s Pèlerinage d’un artiste amoureux (2003). It considers the divergent ways in which pilgrimage is used to explore the place of both literature and religion, as well as their interrelation, when it comes to working out ethics and values on individual and collective levels in Bennabi’s late-colonial Algeria, and Khatibi’s postcolonial Morocco. Drawing on Alain Badiou’s notion of the event as an occurrence that is retrospectively determined to have disrupted the status quo, and contrasting this with Derek Attridge’s idea of literature as a disruptive event with indeterminate outcomes, I consider the different ways in which both the pilgrimage and the narratives representing it can be seen as events, implicitly imparting reflections and even teachings on life and how to approach it in both texts.
ROSELLE HIBISCUS SABDARRIFA CALYCES EXTRACTS MODULATES CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK AND KIDNEY DYSFUNCTIONS IN DIABETIC RATS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Diabetes, an emerging major public health problem when untreated may lead to chronic complications.This, study aimed to evaluate the Hibiscus sabdariffa, effects on renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk associated with streptozocin induced diabetes.The study used 42 rats randomized to six groups: 2 diabetic groups (treated each with 200 and 500 mg/kg dose of the macerated aqueous extract); 2 diabetic groups (treated each with glibenclamide and metformin); 1 diabetic and 1 non diabetic group (treated with the vehicle).All treatments were carried out for 28 days.Fasting Serum Glucose (SG) was monitored at 4 days interval and the body weights were recorded each week.On the 28 th day, rats were orally administered with 20 g/kg glucose and Oral Glucose Test (GTOT) was performed.Blood was then withdrawn and analysed.Treatment (500 mg/kg), revert SG level in the diabetic rats to normalcy after day 16.Percentage reduction in glycemia was highest with 500 mg/kg extract treatment.GTOT indicates that the same dose of glucose elevates SG level after 1 hour which then reduced to normalcy within 2 hours.The extract reduced atherogenic index, coronary risk index and LDL/HDL significantly.It also reduced serum creatinine, K + and Cl -.Our results suggest that Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx contained components that may be efficacious in the management of diabetes and some risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Breast cancer incidence rises in contaminated areas 10 years after explosion at Chernobyl reactor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Women in the areas that were most contaminated by radiation after the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine are two to three times more likely to develop breast cancer than women in less contaminated areas, a study has found.

The study, which was published online ahead of print publication on 27 February in the International Journal of Cancer (www3.interscience.wiley.com, doi: 10.1002/ijc.21 885), says that excess cases began to appear 10 years after the incident, which happened in 1986, and that the relative risk was higher among women who were younger at the time of exposure.

“Our results confirmed …
Federal project “Professionalitet” — new opportunities for the development of an educational organization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The results of activities, prospects and opportunities for the development of educational and production centers (clusters) of railway transport during the implementation of the federal project “Professionalitet” are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to assess the development opportunities of educational organizations participating in the implementation of the federal project “Professionalitet”, as well as to broadcast the experience of participation in the project of the Yaroslavl branch of PGUPS.
Geo‐scripts and refugee resettlement in Canada: Designations and destinations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most immigrants to Canada who are not refugees contribute to decisions about where they settle; resettled refugees do not. This paper illustrates how one's designated category of resettlement decisively shapes the place one begins life in Canada, and how each has a specific geographical trajectory—or geo‐script. The geo‐scripts are distinct for each category of resettlement: privately‐sponsored refugees live in the same community as the volunteers who finance and support them; government‐assisted refugees are “destined” to one of more than two dozen cities with federally‐funded refugee‐specific services; and blended visa office‐referred refugees are supported through a shared funding model between government and sponsors near whom they co‐locate. Geo‐scripts are derived from refugee categories that effectively govern the spatial settlement patterns of refugees and, in turn, shape the opportunities and outcomes of the resettlement process. Government data show that 70% of resettled refugees do not move after they arrive in Canada. The geo‐scripts of resettlement thus shape people's lives and livelihoods in Canada in fundamental ways. Drawing on interviews conducted between 2017 and 2021 with formerly resettled refugees living in four provinces who have lived in Canada for more than 20 years, locational decisions to stay or leave one's initial destination are elaborated .
Free Download Dragonfire: A Dark Kings Novel Full PDF Online

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Common Accommodation Mechanisms for Mutualistic and Detrimental Fungi in Oryza sativa (Rice) Roots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice roots engage in symbiosis with ancient symbiotic fungi such as R. irregularis, whilst resisting invasion of the detrimental fungus M. oryzae, a major causative agent of the rice blast (leaf) disease. M. oryzae can also invade rice roots with simple non-melanised hyphopodia formed on the rice root surface, very similar to R. irregularis. This similarity in behaviour has raised questions whether the biotrophic pathogen adopts an endophytic lifestyle during rice root colonisation, possibly as a disguise to bypass the plant defence machinery whilst entering the host. Identifying shared plant genes and development programmes utilised by M. oryzae and R. irregularis during rice root invasion will provide a better understanding of how the host plant responds to and accommodates both fungi in its root. The work presented here, describes a novel function of three Oryza sativa plasma membrane receptors (Chitin Elicitor Receptor Kinase 1, CERK1; Nod Factor Receptor 5, NFR5 and Chitin Elicitor Binding Protein, CEBiP) in enabling M. oryzae invasion of rice roots. It also demonstrates, for the first time, a role of OsNFR5 as a compatibility factor, rather than a defence receptor during M. oryzae rice leaf infection. Unexpectedly, OsCEBiP was found to be involved in rice root colonisation by R. irregularis, challenging existing reports while presenting a different perspective on the possible co-functioning of the LysM-RLP with OsCERK1 during AM symbiosis. Excitingly, OsCERK1 emerged as a common co-receptor for AM symbiosis, immunity signalling and rice root invasion by M. oryzae, supporting a diverse role of the LysM-RLK in the perception of an array of signalling molecules. Lastly, transcriptome comparison analysis performed in this study revealed a new set of co-induced rice genes (Exo70-H3b exocyst, Lectin Receptor-Like Kinase, LecRLK and DUF538 genes encoding ‘proteins of unknown function) that may be commonly required for the invasion of rice roots by both symbiotic and detrimental fungi. These findings lend strong support to the long-standing hypothesis that plant pathogens exploit genetic pathways established in the ancient arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to facilitate their invasion of the host plant. They also have significant implications for effective crop improvement and disease control strategies, which will contribute to global food security.
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome–a report of three cases and review of literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hearing loss, congenital malformations of ear, branchial arch anomalies and structural or functional anomalies of kidneys.We report a rare clinical scenario of a family of three members with features of BOR syndrome.
The provision of infrastructure services in Rohtak and Bhiwani districts, Haryana, India, 1981-98: a geographical analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Provision of three basic infrastructure services (namely education, health and transport) in Rohtak and Bhiwani Districts (India) is examined using three types of data: 1. 507 households spreading in 8 villages, 2. Informal discussion with villagers and services providers in both districts, and 3. Secondary data for 921 villages and 14 towns and cities. These data were analysed using both statistical and GIS techniques. The analysis reveals that quantitatively there has been considerable expansion of education and health services over a period of fifteen years (1981 to 1996), and the average distance people have to travel to access these services has also declined significantly. But little evidence was found of any logical criterion being followed for the location of new services and the upgrading of existing services. Consequently, there was no improvement in the efficiency level (measured in terms of demand and geographical distance) of existing infrastructure services (both public and private); moreover, the efficiency level of private services was significantly lower than that of public services. It was further observed that the poor and women had relatively poor access to education, health and transport; and income, caste, gender, education level and village location had significant impact on access to and utilisation of basic services. In the study area, public services were functioning sub-optimally and service users were not satisfied with the quality of services; a significant proportion of clients had to rely on private services. Although public services may not be available in all the villages, the main focus should now be on improving the quality of existing services. Therefore, a solid transport network is needed in rural areas so that the availability of frequent and reliable transport services facilitate villagers' access to quality services even if located at distant places. Thus far, the role of the public in service provision has been minimal, which may be one of the reasons for poor quality of public services. Therefore, the active involvement of clients (service users) is essential in the operation, maintenance and monitoring of basic services in order to improve their quality and efficient functioning, and to effectively cater for people's needs in general and deprived sections of the society in particular.
Detection of cranial nerve degeneration in a transgenic Parkinson’s disease model marmoset using multi-contrast mechanism MRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of the brain in a genetically modified marmoset model of Parkinson&rsquo;s disease. Various contrast mechanism images were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the whole brain underwent explorative investigation with each contrast. This study was evaluated for Parkinson&rsquo;s disease marmoset by anatomical MRI, neural fiber tractography and awakening state functional MRI. Malti-contrast MRI showed diseases characteristics in the thalamus, the nigral striatum, motor circuit and anymore. The findings suggest that the marmoset is useful as a model animal to study human diseases.
Position paper: GPT conjecture: understanding the trade-offs between granularity, performance and timeliness in control-flow integrity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Performance/security trade-off is widely noticed in CFI research, however, we observe that not every CFI scheme is subject to the trade-off. Motivated by the key observation, we ask three questions: ➊ does trade-off really exist in different CFI schemes? ➋ if trade-off do exist, how do previous works comply with it? ➌ how can it inspire future research? Although the three questions probably cannot be directly answered, they are inspiring. We find that a deeper understanding of the nature of the trade-off will help answer the three questions. Accordingly, we proposed the GPT conjecture to pinpoint the trade-off in designing CFI schemes, which says that at most two out of three properties (fine granularity, acceptable performance, and preventive protection) could be achieved.
New directions in legal information processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Present areas of application of computers to the law fall into three broad categories: (1) those involving applications of business accounting techniques such as in tax preparation and client billing, (2) those involving data management techniques such as law enforcement, criminal justice, and keyword legal source material information systems, and (3) those involving on-line file manipulation in such areas as text-editing and drafting. These systems demonstrate that computers can work very well with problems that can be expressed in terms of numbers or information that can be handled on the basis of its external form.
The challenges of formalisation, regulation, and reform of traditional courts in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The system of traditional courts in South Africa was regulated by the Black Administration Act of 1927 throughout the apartheid period. This Act was substantially repealed in 2005, leaving only the few provisions that regulate the traditional courts, pending the enactment of legislation by Parliament. The regulation and functioning of these courts through a new law is necessary in light of the post-apartheid Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and its Bill of Rights. The repeal of the 1927 Act led to two legislative processes, one by the South African Law Reform Commission and the other by the Department of Justice, both aimed at addressing the lacuna that had arisen. This paper addresses some of the concerns relating to the process and substance in these legislative developments.