jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HPV16 increases the number of migratory cancer stem cells and modulates their miRNA expression profile in oropharyngeal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HPV16 is a major risk factor for development of oropharyngeal squamous-cell-carcinoma (OPSCC). Although HPV+ OPSCC metastasize faster than HPV- tumors, they have a better prognosis. The molecular and cellular alterations causing these differences remain elusive. In this study we examined whether expression of HPV16-E6E7 targets the number of migratory and stationary cancer stem cells (CSC). Furthermore, we wanted to elucidate if aberrantly expressed miRNAs in migratory CSC may be responible for progression of OPSCCs and whether they may serve as potential novel biomarkers for increased potential of metastasis.
Dosimetry of In Vivo Experiment for Lung Cancer Based on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy on Radial Piercing Beam Port Kartini Nuclear Reactor by MCNPX Simulation Method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, with lung cancer being among the most prevalent. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a cancer therapy method that uses the interaction between thermal neutrons and boron-10 which produces a decaying boron-11 particle and emits alpha, lithium 7 and gamma particles. A study was carried out to model an in vivo experiment of rat organisms that have lung cancer. Dimensions of a rat’s body were used in Konijnenberg research. Modeling lung cancer type, non-small cell lung cancer, was used in Monte Carlo N Particle-X. Lung cancer was modeled with a spherical geometry consisting of 3 dimensions: PTV, GTV, and CTV. In this case, the neutron source was from the radial piercing beam port of Kartini Reactor, Yogyakarta. The variation of boron concentration was 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 40 µg/g cancer. The output of the MCNP calculation was neutron scattering dose, gamma-ray dose and neutron flux from the reactor. A neutron flux was used to calculate the alpha proton and gamma-ray dose from the interaction of tissue material and thermal neutrons. The total dose was calculated from a four-dose component in BNCT. The results showed that the dose rate will increase when the boron concentration is higher, whereas irradiating time will decrease.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Prospective Evaluation of Cetuximab-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Predicts Treatment Efficacy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Progression-free survival was defined as time elapsed between treatment initiation and clinical progression. PFS was 10.8 months in patients whit FcγRIIIa-V158F or FcγRIIIa-V158V vs 5.1 months in patients whit FcγRIIIa-F158F. Log-Rank test for two curves: p=0.050.</p>
[Dyslipidemia in patients being treated with peritoneal dialysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Higher values of lipoprotein(a) and LDL-cholesterol, and decreased value of HDL-cholesterol in patients on peritoneal dialysis can have a negative influence on further prognosis of such patients as compared to patients on hemodialysis and those in pre-dialysis, and may contribute to a high risk for atherosclerosis in ESRD, especially in patients treated with CAPD.
Robust approach for efficiency measurement of employee performance under profit sharing system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study estimates the efficiency of employeesâ€™ performances under profit sharing system using data envelopment analysis (DEA). This method is one of the most common methods used in efficiency measurement analysis. However, a robust approach is used to deal with the complexity of the traditional DEA estimators. Robust Data Envelopment Analysis (RDEA) is very useful when outliers contaminate the data. The sample includes five divisions which cover as many as 102 employees of a shipping company in Malaysia are analyzed by using R program. The results reveal that the initial DEA efficiency is an over-estimate of the true efficiency. RDEA provides better accuracy of the results. Further, the robust approach is appropriate to be used in the measurement of the efficiency of company divisions under profit sharing program.
Investigation of Biofield Treatment on Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Reaction Pattern and Biotyping of Enteropathogenic Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Study background: Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli) has become a major health concern, and failure of treatment leads to huge health burden. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on E. coli. Methods: Four MDR clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. coli (LS 8, LS 9, LS 10, and LS 11) were taken and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated. Control and treated samples were identified with respect to its antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biochemical study and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The analysis was done on day 10 after biofield treatment and compared with its respective control group. Results: Antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 50% alteration in sensitivity of total tested antimicrobials in treated group of MDR E. coli isolates. MIC results showed the alteration in MIC of about 40.63% antimicrobials out of thirty two tested antimicrobials, after biofield treatment in clinical isolates of E. coli. Ticarcillin/k-clavulanate showed improved sensitivity (R → I) with decreased MIC value in LS 9 as compared to control. A fourfold and twofold decreased in MIC values were reported in case of piperacillin/tazobactam (in LS 9) and chloramphenicol (in LS 8), respectively as compared to respective control. Biochemical study showed a 39.39% alteration in biochemical reactions after treatment among four isolates of E. coli as compared to control. A significant change in biotype numbers were reported in three clinical isolates (i.e. LS 8, LS 9, and LS 11) of MDR E. coli as compared to control. On the basis of changed biotype number (7774 5272) after biofield treatment, organism with maximum probability was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes in LS 8 as compared to control, (E. coli, 7711 5012). Conclusion: Overall results suggest that Mr Trivedi’s biofield treatment has a significant effect on altering the antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and biotype number of MDR isolates of E. coli.
Phenotype, Function, and Regulation of Migrating Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hematopoiesis in adult animals is maintained by a small population of clonogenic, multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which maintain throughout life the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate to give rise to progeny cells that ultimately generate all lineages of mature blood cells. In adult mice and humans, the majority of HSC are found in the bone marrow (BM); however, HSC are also constitutively present at low levels in the circulation. The frequency of HSC in the blood can be significantly increased through the use of “mobilizing” agents, including cytotoxic drugs and/or cytokines, which often act both to drive HSC proliferation and to induce HSC migration from the BM into the bloodstream. Yet despite the increasingly common clinical exploitation of HSC in bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation, both the evolutionary rationale and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the remarkable migratory capacity of HSC remain largely unknown. Therefore, to begin to elucidate the mechanisms and regulators of these events, we have used parabiotic and transplantation models to characterize normal blood-borne HSC. Our data clearly demonstrate that HSC are constitutively present in the blood of untreated mice and maintain a cell surface phenotype in the blood highly similar to their BM counterparts. Blood-borne HSC in normal mice can engraft both irradiated and non-irradiated BM niches, and subsequently are phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from endogenous, host-type cells. These data suggest that BM homing of transplanted HSC in irradiated recipients and HSC mobilization in cytokine-treated animals likely makes use of pre-existing pathways that support the constitutive recirculation of these cells in normal animals. Finally, to extend these data and begin to uncover factors likely to play a role in stimulating HSC migration in both normal and mobilized mice, we have employed cDNA microarray technology to compare global gene expression profiles of normal and pre-migratory BM HSC, and have thus identified multiple candidate genes, including cell cycle regulators, signaling molecules, and transcription factors, that may be involved in HSC expansion or in HSC retention in and/or egress from the BM. Taken together, these findings provide significant insight into the dynamic nature and function of HSC, and may ultimately suggest novel and improved strategies for clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation.
The Watershed Communal Land Management and Livelihood of Rural Households in Kilte Awlaelo Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the degradation of natural resources has a substantial impact on the livelihood of farmers in rural areas, there is scant empirical evidence about livelihood status and benefits from communal resources, especially whether the benefits are equally distributed among local farmers. This study examines how the conservation of communal lands affects the food security status and the livelihood of the poor people in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. This paper employed both descriptive statistics and econometric analyses using the ordinary least square regression and quantile regression models. The food security status of rural households was found to be negatively associated with the direct use of natural resources generated on conserved communal lands. The study further affirms that households in the lower quantile harness more of the direct use of common property resources. However, households in the median and the upper quantiles tend to engage in the indirect use of resources generated on communal lands. These findings pose a critical policy implication regarding how to reconcile the trade-offs between the consequence of heavy dependence of the poor on the direct use of communal land-based resources and ensuring sustainable livelihood by allowing the poor to collect benefits from the conserved lands.
[Mediastinal seminoma with hemangiosarcoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 30-year-old man visited a local hospital with the chief complaints of a cough and tightness of the chest. He was found to have an anterior mediastinal tumor, and was referred to our hospital for treatment. He was diagnosed with a large mediastinal tumor, over 15 cm in long diameter, compressing the heart and superior vena cava. The tumor was resected, and diagnosed as a multilocular thymic cyst. He followed an uneventful postoperative course, and was discharged. Later, he re-visited us with severe cough and bloody sputum. Despite further evaluation, no definitive diagnosis could be made. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass in the left pulmonary hilum and multiple nodules in the left lung field. The symptoms rapidly worsened until his death. At autopsy, the left lung lesion was diagnosed as hemangiosarcoma. It was also confirmed that the multilocular thymic cyst contained minute germ cell neoplastic (seminomatous) and hemangiosarcomatous components. We speculate that the hemangiosarcomatous component arising in association with the seminoma metastasized to the left lung.
Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems: Structure-Function Relationships and Mechanisms of Catalysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two-component systems are signal-transducing ATPases that use energy released from ATP hydrolysis to effect responses to changing environmental conditions. The phosphorylated aspartate is contained within another type of protein termed a response regulator, which undergoes a phosphorylation-induced conformational change that serves to elicit a response. The histidine kinase domain is invariably flanked by sequences that are not conserved within the family and supply specific regulatory functions. The essential features are kinase dimerization, nucleotide binding, and histidine phosphorylation. A proton donor would also be expected to facilitate the transfer reaction from acyl phosphates through general acid catalysis. There are two ways in which the kinases modulate the rate of response regulator phosphorylation. First, the rate of histidine phosphorylation controls the availability of phosphodonor. This aspect of kinase function is an inherent feature of the kinase proteins, independent of the regulators. The second mechanism involves protein-protein contacts between the kinases and their cognate regulators that enhance the rate and determine the specificity of regulator phosphorylation. Many histidine kinases function to facilitate the rate of dephosphorylation of their cognate response regulators. Histidine kinases must bind the dephosphorylated form of the regulators and release the phosphorylated form. When the rate of histidine phosphorylation is high, the phosphotransfer reaction would predominate; when the rate of histidine phosphorylation is low, the dephosphorylation reaction would be favored.
Effect of Temperature and Glandular‐haired Medicago species on Development of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We evaluated annual glandular‐haired alfalfa diploids ( Medicago disciformis DC., M. blancheana Boiss .) and tetraploids [ M. rugosa Desr., M. scutellata (L) Mill.] for resistance to alfalfa weevil larvae [ Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)] under three temperature regimes in growth chambers. Perennial M. sativa L. control cultivars were ‘Arc’ (tolerant to weevil larvae) and ‘Lahontan’ (susceptible). The tetraploids, M. scutellata and M. rugosa , were highly resistant over all temperature regimes. Larval mortality was complete during the first instar. Although the diploids were less resistant than the tetraploid annuals, they caused consistent larval mortality at all three temperatures. Mortality of first instar larvae was higher on M. blancheana than on M. disciformis . However, the mortality of ≽second instar larvae or pupae was highest on M. disciformis . Fewer larvae matured to adults on our diploids than on M. sativa . More larvae matured to adults on M. disciformis than on M. blancheana . The mean weight of adults developing on M. disciformis was less than that on M. blancheana and M. sativa , which did not differ in adult weights. The rate of weevil development increased with temperature on the resistant diploid annuals and on the alfalfa cultivars Arc and Lahontan. At each temperature, larval development was slower on the glandular‐haired diploids than on the alfalfa cultivars. Plant resistance did not alter the length of the pupal stage. However, this stage was shorter at high than at low temperatures.
Organic farming in the small holder farming sector of Zimbabwe.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some 20 % (n=246) organic farmers in Juru communal area were interviewed to establish socioeconomic background, crops grown, problems encountered and the perceived advantages in organic farming. Farming was the main source of income to 86 % of the organic farmers. Only 57 % considered organic farming as a cheap strategy, while 50 % and 43 % respectively saw it as inconvenient and disease-free technique respectively. Problems highlighted included animal manure shortage, slow organic matter decomposition and high labour requirements. Those implementing organic farming can use the results to formulate strategies that can improve on adoption of organic agriculture in the smallholder-farming sector.
DNA Hypomethylation, Ambient Particulate Matter, and Increased Blood Pressure: Findings From Controlled Human Exposure Experiments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Short‐term exposures to fine (<2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter) ambient particulate‐matter ( PM ) have been related with increased blood pressure ( BP ) in controlled‐human exposure and community‐based studies. However, whether coarse (2.5 to 10 μm) PM exposure increases BP is uncertain. Recent observational studies have linked PM exposures with blood DNA hypomethylation, an epigenetic alteration that activates inflammatory and vascular responses. No experimental evidence is available to confirm those observational data and demonstrate the relations between PM , hypomethylation, and BP . Methods and Results We conducted a cross‐over trial of controlled‐human exposure to concentrated ambient particles ( CAP s). Fifteen healthy adult participants were exposed for 130 minutes to fine CAP s, coarse CAP s, or HEPA ‐filtered medical air (control) in randomized order with ≥2‐week washout. Repetitive‐element ( Alu , long interspersed nuclear element‐1 [ LINE ‐1]) and candidate‐gene ( TLR4 , IL‐12 , IL‐6 , iNOS ) blood methylation, systolic and diastolic BP were measured pre‐ and postexposure. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, fine CAP s exposure lowered Alu methylation (β‐standardized=−0.74, adjusted‐ P =0.03); coarse CAP s exposure lowered TLR4 methylation (β‐standardized=−0.27, adjusted‐ P =0.04). Both fine and coarse CAP s determined significantly increased systolic BP (β=2.53 mm Hg, P =0.001; β=1.56 mm Hg, P =0.03, respectively) and nonsignificantly increased diastolic BP (β=0.98 mm Hg, P =0.12; β=0.82 mm Hg, P =0.11, respectively). Decreased Alu and TLR4 methylation was associated with higher postexposure DBP (β‐standardized=0.41, P =0.04; and β‐standardized=0.84, P =0.02; respectively). Decreased TLR4 methylation was associated with higher postexposure SBP (β‐standardized=1.45, P =0.01). Conclusions Our findings provide novel evidence of effects of coarse PM on BP and confirm effects of fine PM . Our results provide the first experimental evidence of PM ‐induced DNA hypomethylation and its correlation to BP .
Response of High-Density Polyethylene Geomembrane–Sand Interfaces under Cyclic Shear Loading: Laboratory Investigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Geomembranes are thin polymeric sheets used as barriers to liquid or gas intrusion in earth structures due to their low permeability. The mechanical behavior of geomembrane-soil interfaces plays an important role in the stability analysis of geomembrane structures under cyclic loading caused by an earthquake or traffic. In this study, a series of cyclic shear tests were conducted using a large-scale direct shear apparatus to observe the cyclic shear response of geomembrane-sand interfaces, with emphasis on vertical displacement and cyclic shear stiffness. The influences of vertical pressure, geomembrane texture, and cyclic shear loading form on the cyclic shear behavior of geomembrane-sand interfaces were examined. The cyclic shear stiffness showed an increasing trend with increasing vertical pressure, but significantly decreased with increasing shear-displacement amplitude. Textured geomembranes can effectively improve the cyclic shear strength of geomembrane-sand interfaces. The volumetric behavior of geomembrane-sand interfaces is evidently dependent on the form of cyclic shear loading and the magnitude of applied vertical pressure. The cyclic shear behavior of pure sand was also compared with that of geomembrane-sand interfaces.
Adolescents' Exposure to Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Notions of Women as Sex Objects: Assessing Causality and Underlying Processes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to clarify causality in the previously established link between
adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) and notions of women
as sex objects. Furthermore, the study investigated which psychological processes underlie this link and whether the various influences varied by gender. On the basis of data from a three-wave panel survey among 962 Dutch adolescents, structural equation modeling initially showed that exposure to SEIM and notions of women as sex objects had a reciprocal direct influence on each other. The direct impact of SEIM on notions of women as sex objects did not vary by gender. However, the direct influence of notions of women as sex objects on exposure to SEIM was only significant for male adolescents. Further analyses showed that, regardless of adolescents’ gender, liking of SEIM mediated the influence of exposure to SEIM on their beliefs that women are sex objects, as well as the impact of these beliefs on exposure to SEIM.
Growth and optical activity of strontium tantalum gallium silicon oxide (Sr3TaGa3Si2O14, STGS)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Single crystals of strontium tantalum gallium silicon oxide were grown with high perfection along the Cartesian Y-axis [12.0] by conventional Czochralski melt pulling technique. The crystals grew with an atomically smooth phase boundary as confirmed by straight growth striations along the entire length of the crystal. The optical transmission in the c-(Z)direction (optical axis) was determined as a function of the wavelength f(λ) between 350 nm and 850 nm. From the extrema of the periodic optical transmission curve between crossed polarisers a specific rotation of 175°/mm at a wavelength of 300 nm was obtained. This values is lower than that of SNGS with 230°/mm.
IoT‐Enabled Agricultural System Application, Challenges and Security Issues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The growing demand for food in quantity and quality has increased the need to modernize the agricultural sector. In the present scenario, IoT applications in agriculture include real-time monitoring of crops, croplands, environment, precision farming, smart greenhouse, data analytics, etc. Sensors and smart controllers help to estimate soil moisture or plants' water needs, detect diseases of the crops, monitor weather conditions, etc. Challenges faced in the IoT-enabled agricultural systems are software simplicity, secure data generation, and transmission, lack of supporting infrastructure. But the biggest obstacle is lack of smooth integration with the agricultural industry at present and lack of optimally skilled human workforce along with the need for sensors to work wirelessly and consume low power, better connectivity, remote management, the rectification of complexity in the software, and security. There is also a high demand for fail-proof systems to mitigate the risk of data loss in any faults during operation. A short description of challenges, limitations, future developments and security issues of IoT-enabled agricultural system are presented in this book chapter along with a small comparison of the existing recent works has been presented to show in which areas the IoT-enabled agricultural system are progressing.