jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scale-Based Fuzzy Connected Image Segmentation: Theory, Algorithms, and Validation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper extends a previously reported theory and algorithms for object definition based on fuzzy connectedness. In this approach, a strength of connectedness is determined between every pair of image elements. This is done by considering all possible connecting paths between the two elements in each pair. The strength assigned to a particular path is defined as the weakest affinity between successive pairs of elements along the path. Affinity specifies the degree to which elements hang together locally in the image. Although the theory allowed any neighborhood size for affinity definition, it did not indicate how this was to be selected. By bringing object scale into the framework in this paper, not only the size of the neighborhood is specified but also it is allowed to change in different parts of the image. This paper argues that scale-based affinity, and hence connectedness, is natural in object definition and demonstrates that this leads to more effective object segmentation. The approach presented here considers affinity to consist of two components. The homogeneity-based component indicates the degree of affinity between image elements based on the homogeneity of their intensity properties. The object-feature-based component captures the degree of closeness of their intensity properties to some expected values of those properties for the object. A family of non-scale-based and scale-based affinity relations are constructed dictated by how we envisage the two components to characterize objects. A simple and effective method for giving a rough estimate of scale at different locations in the image is presented. The original theoretical and algorithmic framework remains more-or-less the same but considerably improved segmentations result. The method has been tested in several applications qualitatively. A quantitative statistical comparison between the non-scale-based and the scale-based methods was made based on 250 phantom images. These were generated from 10 patient MR brain studies by first segmenting the objects, then setting up appropriate intensity levels for the object and the background, and then by adding five different levels for each of noise and blurring and a fixed slow varying background component. Both the statistical and the subjective tests clearly indicate that the scale-based method is superior to the non-scale-based method in capturing details and in robustness to noise. It is also shown, based on these phantom images, that any (global) optimum threshold selection method will perform inferior to the fuzzy connectedness methods described in this paper.
Studies on the infestation of Red Sea cultured Black Sea bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus ) with Caballerocotyla sp. (Monogenea; Capsalidae) parasite

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Monogenea (Class: Platyhelminthes,) are common parasites of the skin and gills of both marine and freshwater fish. This study aimed to the assessment of the prevalence percent, seasonal prevalence, intensity of parasitism, clinical and post mortem lesions with an estimation of organic materials in the farm water of infested cultured Black Seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus)with capaclidae sp. in a private fish farm in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The study was performed on 240 Black Seabream of body weight ranged 250-1000 gm. Survey on cultured marine fish was performed periodically each season for one year. Clinical and post mortem, parasitological, total and seasonal prevalence examination, determination of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in cultured water and determination of physicochemical parameters of water during different seasons. Infested Spondyliosoma cantharus fish appeared with dark colour, suffered from respiratory distress; increase of opercular movements, with opening mouth, abnormal swimming, and flashing. Hemorrhages at the abdominal region, the caudal fins were observed. Scales sloughing with shallow wounds at different regions of the body and congestion of gills were noticed. The isolated parasite is subclass: Monogenea, order: Monopisthocotylea, Family: Capsalidae, Genus: Caballerocotyla. The concentration of organic matter was closely related to the prevalence of Caballerocotyla sp. From the present study, it was concluded that Caballerocotyla sp. (Monogenea; Capsalidae) parasite isolated from the Red Sea cultured Spondyliosoma cantharus fish in a private fish farm in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The prevalence of ofCaballerocotyla sp. was closely related to the concentrations of organic matter (ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate).
Previous gastric bypass surgery complicating total thyroidectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypocalcemia is a well-known complication of total thyroidectomy. Patients who have previously undergone gastric bypass surgery may be at increased risk of hypocalcemia due to gastrointestinal malabsorption, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and an underlying vitamin D deficiency. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman who underwent a total thyroidectomy for the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Her history included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Following the thyroid surgery, she developed postoperative hypocalcemia that required large doses of oral calcium carbonate (7.5 g/day), oral calcitriol (up to 4 μg/day), intravenous calcium gluconate (2.0 g/day), calcium citrate (2.0 g/day), and ergocalciferol (50,000 IU/day). Her serum calcium levels remained normal on this regimen after hospital discharge despite persistent hypoparathyroidism. Bariatric surgery patients who undergo thyroid surgery require aggressive supplementation to maintain normal serum calcium levels. Preoperative supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is strongly recommended.
A Note on the Generalized Relativistic Diffusion Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study here a generalization of the time-fractional relativistic diffusion equation based on the application of Caputo fractional derivatives of a function with respect to another function. We find the Fourier transform of the fundamental solution and discuss the probabilistic meaning of the results obtained in relation to the time-scaled fractional relativistic stable process. We briefly consider also the application of fractional derivatives of a function with respect to another function in order to generalize fractional Riesz-Bessel equations, suggesting their stochastic meaning.
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy in Vascular Neurology Between Neurology Residents and a Neurology Differential Diagnosis App: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diagnostic errors in neurological diagnosis are a source of preventable harm. Software tools like Differential Diagnosis (DDx) apps in neurology that hold the potential to mitigate this harm are conspicuously lacking. Materials and Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was designed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a Neurology DDx App (Neurology Dx) with neurology residents by using vascular neurology clinical vignettes. The study was conducted at 7 leading neurology institutes in India. Study participants comprised of 100 neurology residents from the participating institutes. Measurements: Detecting diagnostic accuracy of residents and App measured as a proportion of correctly identified high likely gold standard DDx was prespecified as the main outcome. Proportions of correctly identified first high likely, first 3 high likely, first 5 high likely, and combined moderate plus high likely gold standard differentials by residents and App were secondary outcomes. Results: 1,000 vignettes were attempted by residents. Frequency of gold standard, high likely differentials correctly identified by residents was 27% compared to 72% by App (absolute difference 45%, 95% CI 35.7-52.8). When high and moderate likely differentials were combined, residents scored 17% compared to 57% by App (absolute difference 40%, 95% CI 33.8-50.0). Residents correctly identified first high likely gold standard differential as their first high likely differential in 34% compared to 18% by App (absolute difference 16%, 95% CI 1.2-25.4). Conclusion: App with predefined knowledge base can complement clinical reasoning of neurology residents. Portability and functionality of such Apps may further strengthen this symbiosis between humans and algorithms (CTRI/2017/06/008838).
What Really Works to Improve Learning in Developing Countries? An Analysis of Divergent Findings in Systematic Reviews

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the course of just two years, at least six reviews have examined interventions that seek to improve learning outcomes in developing countries. Although the reviews ostensibly have the same objective, they reach sometimes starkly different conclusions. The first objective of this paper is to identify why reviews diverge in their conclusions and how future reviews can be more effective. The second objective is to identify areas of overlap in the recommendations of existing reviews of what works to improve learning. This paper demonstrates that divergence in the recommendations of learning reviews is largely driven by differences in the samples of research incorporated in each review. Of 229 studies with student learning results, the most inclusive review incorporates less than half of the total studies. Across the reviews, two classes of programs are recommended with some consistency. Pedagogical interventions that tailor teaching to student learning levels—either teacher-led or facilitated by adaptive learning software—are effective at improving student test scores, as are individualized, repeated teacher training interventions often associated with a specific task or tool. Future reviews will be most useful if they combine narrative review with meta-analysis, conduct more exhaustive searches, and maintain low aggregation of intervention categories.
MultiCBR: Multi-view Contrastive Learning for Bundle Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bundle recommendation seeks to recommend a bundle of related items to users to improve both user experience and the profits of platform. Existing bundle recommendation models have progressed from capturing only user-bundle interactions to the modeling of multiple relations among users, bundles and items. CrossCBR, in particular, incorporates cross-view contrastive learning into a two-view preference learning framework, significantly improving SOTA performance. It does, however, have two limitations: 1) the two-view formulation does not fully exploit all the heterogeneous relations among users, bundles and items; and 2) the "early contrast and late fusion" framework is less effective in capturing user preference and difficult to generalize to multiple views. In this paper, we present MultiCBR, a novel Multi-view Contrastive learning framework for Bundle Recommendation. First, we devise a multi-view representation learning framework capable of capturing all the user-bundle, user-item and bundle-item relations, especially better utilizing the bundle-item affiliations to enhance sparse bundles' representations. Second, we innovatively adopt an "early fusion and late contrast" design that first fuses the multi-view representations before performing self-supervised contrastive learning. In comparison to existing approaches, our framework reverses the order of fusion and contrast, introducing the following advantages: 1)our framework is capable of modeling both cross-view and ego-view preferences, allowing us to achieve enhanced user preference modeling; and 2) instead of requiring quadratic number of cross-view contrastive losses, we only require two self-supervised contrastive losses, resulting in minimal extra costs. Experimental results on three public datasets indicate that our method outperforms SOTA methods.
Radiative transport and preheat calculations of laser irradiated aluminum targets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Calculations of the preheat of the cold region of an aluminum target by X-rays from the coronal region are presented. The computation was carried out by means of our 1-D hydrodynamics code, PLASMOR, which takes into consideration non-LTE steady state atomic physics. The radiation from the plasma is divided into 40 energy groups: 20 continuous groups (recombination + bremsstrahlung) from hv = 300 eV up to hv = 100 keV, and 20 lines, mainly (but not only) He-like and H-like lines. The hot coronal region is assumed to be optically thin to all radiation. The photoabsorption in the cold portion proceeds through the photo-ionization effect, and variations with density and temperature are taken into account by means of a simplified model. Black body radiative transport in the cold portion is also included. The effects of the radiation on the shock wave propagation as well as its influence on the density and temperature distribution in the shock compressed region were studied for trapezoidal and Gaussian laser pulse shapes.
Influence of Significant Others' Perceived Voting Behaviors on Children's Political Socialization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the relative influence of parents, peers, and teachers on children's voting behavior. 66 children in grades 3, 4, and 5 were interviewed about their voting preferences and perceptions of significant others' voting preferences. Analysis indicated that mothers and fathers held the most important positions of influence over their children relative to voting. Discussion focused on the implications of these findings for political socialization of children.
Polynomial quasisolutions of linear differential-difference equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses a linear differential-difference equation of neutral type with linear coefficients, when at the initial time moment \(t=0\) the value of the desired function \(x(t)\) is known. The authors are not familiar with any results which would state the solvability conditions for the given problem in the class of analytical functions. A polynomial of some degree \(N\) is introduced into the investigation. Then the term "polynomial quasisolution" (PQ-solution) is understood in the sense of appearance of the residual \(\Delta (t)=O(t^N)\), when this polynomial is substituted into the initial problem. The paper is devoted to finding PQ-solutions for the initial-value problem under analysis.
Phenoxybenzamine blockade of neural and exogenous noradrenaline

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Phenoxybenzamine blockade of neural and exogenous noradrenaline Get access D George Wyse, D George Wyse Department of Pharmacology, The University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lloyd Beck Lloyd Beck Department of Pharmacology, The University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 478–481, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1972.tb09035.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 06 March 1972 Published: 12 April 2011
BELLE OF THE BALL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: RAY MARTIN AND HIS CONCERT ORCHESTRA Writer: Leroy Anderson Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 2.0mil truncated conical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: CA 22168-2A Catalog number: D.B. 3072 Other IDs from the record include: CA 22168
The Counternarrative of Teacher Evaluation: The Kangaroo Court, the Salem Witch Trials, and the Scarlett Letter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this sequential transformative study was to elucidate the negative experiences of teachers with performance evaluations and to juxtapose the intended use of current popular teacher evaluation reform movements to the evident implementation. One may quickly assume that negative experiences with evaluation are a result of unsatisfactory teaching practices. However, this may not accurately explain the negative experiences. This study focused on the negative experience of teacher evaluation to provide a broader understanding of the impact of new evaluation policy reform on student achievement and teacher quality. With a paucity of previous research focused on the negative impacts of teacher evaluation, this study addressed the following questions: (1) How does the Peer Assistance and Review (PAR) teacher evaluation process negatively impact teachers? (2) What, if any, parallel traits exist among those teachers who had negative experiences with the PAR evaluation system? and, (3) How does the intended use of the PAR teacher evaluation process compare to the evident use of PAR? Data revealed dissonance among intent and evident use of the evaluation policy. A disproportionate number of African Americans, women over the age of 55, and teachers higher on the pay scale were referred to PAR. Vague policy language was suggested as the impetus for misuse, abuse, and biased implementation at the local level. This study suggests that policymakers and school district officials take heed of multiple perspectives and consider the negative impacts of teacher evaluation reform. Evaluation systems that prioritize teacher learning over accountability are integral to successfully improving student achievement.
Prevalence of Forward Head Posture Among Collegiate of Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction:
The tendency to adapt bad posture increases with
the increasing sedentary life style. Sitting for prolong
period of time will lead to bad postures such as scoliosis,
rounded shoulder, kyphosis, lordosis and forward head
posture.1 Therefore, a cross-sectional study was
conducted to evaluate the prevalence of forward head
posture among college going student in Arunachal
Pradesh, Ziro and to educate them about the bad
posture.
 Method:
Permission was taken from various colleges of ziro
and consent form was obtained from all the participants.
After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants
were assessed for forward head posture using a plumb
line in a sagittal plane where the tragus of ear was
marked as a point of reference.Conclusion:
This study indicated that forward head posture is
very common among collegiate of Ziro, Lower Subansiri,
Arunachal Pradesh.
The Stochastic Organization of Genomes and the Doctrine of Energy-Information Evolution Based on Bio-Antenna Arrays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The article continues the author's publications about the matrix-tensor study of universal rules of stochastic (probabilistic) organization of long single-stranded DNA sequences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. The author reveals that corresponding matrices of probabilities of n-plets in n-textual representations of each genomic DNA are numerically interrelated each with other in such algebraic form, which has analogies with formalisms of the known tensor-matrix theory of digital antenna arrays. These arrays combine many separate antennas into a single coordinated ensemble with unique emergent properties, due to which antenna arrays are widely used in devices of medicine, astrophysics, avionics, etc. The noted analogies allow putting forward the author's hypothesis that stochastic organization of genomic DNAs is connected with bio-antenna arrays. From the point of view of this hypothesis, many known facts about using principles of antenna arrays in inherited physiological phenomena are collected in a single grouping with genomic DNA: echolocation of dolphins and other animals; complex faceted eyes of insects; images on butterfly wings, consisting of many photonic crystals as nanoantenna arrays, etc. This new topic about the biological meaning of profitable properties of antenna arrays includes problems of biological evolution, the origin of the genetic code, regenerative medicine, development of algebraic biology, which are discussed.
pearl catalogue pdf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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