jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric hyperoxia reversibly inhibits erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid turnover

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The present study is one component of a comprehensive investigation of oxygen tolerance of tissues and organs in normal human subjects. The focus of this study was the acylation of membrane phospholipid in situ by erythrocytes. Activation of exogenous [9,10–3H]oleic acid to acyl thioester and transesterification of the acyl thioester into phospholipid by intact human erythrocytes incubated in vitro decreased 30% after exposure of 10 human subjects to hyperbaric hyperoxia (100% O2, 3 ATA, 3.5 h). Partial recovery of activity could be detected when additional cells were obtained from these subjects and assayed in vitro 24 h after cessation of exposure. No significant change in membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition was detected under these conditions. The reduced glutathione content of intact erythrocytes increased by 15% after hyperbaric hyperoxia and remained elevated 24 h after exposure. In isolated membranes prepared from the same cells activation of [9,10–3H]oleic acid to acyl thioester and its transesterification into phospholipid did not change after hyperoxia. Since the ability of intact cells to replace oxidized fatty acids in membrane phospholipids via deacylation and reacylation in situ may be necessary for the maintenance of membrane integrity during exposure to oxidative stress, the decrease in [9,10–3H]oleic acid incorporation by human erythrocytes detected in vitro after hyperbaric hyperoxia in vivo may reflect an early event in the pathogenesis of oxygen-induced cellular injury and may be a useful index for assessment of the tolerance of tissues to hyperoxia.
Highly Porous Microcarriers for Minimally Invasive In Situ Skeletal Muscle Cell Delivery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Microscale cell carriers have recently garnered enormous interest in repairing tissue defects by avoiding substantial open surgeries using implants for tissue regeneration. In this study, the highly open porous microspheres (HOPMs) are fabricated using a microfluidic technique for harboring proliferating skeletal myoblasts and evaluating their feasibility toward cell delivery application in situ. These biocompatible HOPMs with particle sizes of 280–370 µm possess open pores of 10–80 µm and interconnected paths. Such structure of the HOPMs conveniently provide a favorable microenvironment, where the cells are closely arranged in elongated shapes with the deposited extracellular matrix, facilitating cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as augmented myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo results in mice confirm improved cell retention and vascularization, as well as partial myoblast differentiation. These modular cell‐laden microcarriers potentially allow for in situ tissue construction after minimally invasive delivery providing a convenient means for regeneration medicine.
Li-Fraumeni syndrome in the setting of re-occurring malignancies after 27 years of remission: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and importance: Multiple primary tumors are defined as multiple simultaneous (within 6 months) or heterogeneous tumors. Case presentation: Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old Saudi female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who has multiple primary tumors. Clinical discussion: The surgical cytoreduction or ‘debulking’ technique is the main treatment option started in individuals with High Grade Serous Ovarian CanceR. This surgical strategy aims to completely remove all disseminated tumor masses that are present in the patient’s peritoneal cavity on a macroscopic level. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our case, she has developed her ovarian cancer 27 years after her breast cancer got treated. This was already stage IIIB to stage IV. If it was not for her incidental discovery of her urinary bladder cancer, which is most likely is a long-term sequel of using cyclophosphamide 27 years ago. Multiple primary tumors are defined as multiple simultaneous (within 6 months) or heterogeneous tumors. Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old Saudi female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who has multiple primary tumors. In conclusion, in our case, she has developed her ovarian cancer 27 years after her breast cancer got treated. This was already stage IIIB to stage IV. If it was not for her incidental discovery of her urinary bladder cancer, which is most likely is a long-term sequel of using cyclophosphamide 27 years ago.
Periocular hyaluronic acid fillers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review The use of dermal filler in the periocular area is increasing – both for functional and aesthetic indications. Hyaluronic acid fillers dominate the market; these treatments offer an alternative to some surgical procedures with the advantage of instant results, minimal healing time and low complication rates. However, success depends on judicious selection of patients, products and procedures to achieve favourable outcomes. This article reviews current understanding of the principal complications in the periocular area and their management. Recent findings Hyaluronic acid is a ubiquitous, biodegradable, nonspecies-specific molecular substrate with limited potential for immunogenic reactions. However, in the periocular area, such products can migrate and last significantly longer than the expected filler lifespan. Contamination or subsequent immune stimulation can trigger delayed-onset inflammatory reactions. Though minor vascular occlusions are not uncommon, cases of blindness secondary to facial filler injections are thought to be rare. Timely enzymatic degradation with injectable hyaluronidase can be effective in the treatment of some such complications. But recent studies demonstrate lack of penetration through arterial walls and optic nerve sheath, casting doubt on the role of retrobulbar hyaluronidase in the management of vision loss because of embolism with hyaluronic acid filler. Summary Hyaluronic acid fillers represent an emerging and important addition to the armamentarium of the oculofacial plastic surgeon with their use in the aesthetic field also expected continue to rise. The oculoplastic facial surgeon, armed with a thorough knowledge of facial anatomy, safe injection planes and the means of minimizing and treating complications is in the best position to lead clinically in the use of this well tolerated and effective treatment modality.
Polymer-Filled Composite Porous Catalytic Particles for Hydrodynamic Studies in Trickle-Bed Reactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A simple and scaleable method is proposed for suppressing internal porosity in various porous particles that are widely applied in packed-bed catalytic systems. The method is based on a complete filling of the pores by a cross-linked organic polymer. The particles were first loaded with the volume of organic monomer and cross-linker needed to achieve complete blockage of the porosity, and subsequently, in situ radical polymerization was performed with heating under reduced atmosphere. The method is shown to be adaptable for particles of various shapes, sizes, and porous structures. Selective and complete pore filling has been confirmed by nitrogen physisorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The different analyses confirm uniform pore blocking. The difference in contact angle before and after polymer impregnation was found to be negligible. The system is especially suitable for packed-bed hydrodynamic studies to disentangle extragranular hydrodynamic effects (such as axial dispersion) from intraparticle mass transfer effects, which are key to scaling down/up trickle-bed reactors. The liquid holdup and Péclet number for a trickle-bed reactor packed with polymer-impregnated spherical particles and glass beads, respectively, were compared for the compatibility of the method. For given superficial liquid and gas velocities corresponding to the pulsing flow regime, the external liquid holdup and Péclet number were found to be correspondingly close for both particles.
Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Cyberlindnera fabianii in Korea

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Invasive fungal infections caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii have recently increased. However, biochemical kits such as API 20 C AUX and Vitek-2C have misidentified this species as other Candida spp. such as C. pelliculosa or C. utilis due to no information of Cy. fabianii in yeast database. During our 2016-2017 surveys, eleven isolates of Cy. fabianii were obtained in International St. Mary's Hospital in Korea. Here, we describe its morphological and molecular characteristics and tested its antifungal susceptibility against nine antifungal agents. The sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region of LSU revealed 100% identity with the sequences of Cy. fabianii. In comparison with the results from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we found that Cy. fabianii can be distinguished from other species. In antifungal susceptibility test, voriconazole and echinocandins exhibited good antifungal activities against the majority of Cy. fabianii isolates despite the absence of standard criteria.
Is the local extinction of Pinna nobilis facilitating Pinna rudis recruitment?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Until the late 2010s the spiny fan-mussel Pinna rudis shared habitat in many Mediterranean sites with Mediterranean endemic Pinna nobilis, which dominated in abundance but that has gone locally extinct in most of its distribution area due to a recent widespread disease outbreak. In the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean) both species coexisted until 2017, when P. nobilis populations completely disappeared. In spring 2021 we revisited 7 permanent plots covering 1,485 m2 that had been previously monitored during the period from 2005 to 2009. We found that although previous studies described P. rudis populations as stable with low recruitment rates, recruitment after 2017 increased in comparison to 2005-2009. At least two cohorts of recruits (~3 and ~1 year in age) were to be found both within the plots as well as in other areas throughout the Columbretes archipelago, colonizing areas previously occupied by P. nobilis. We hypothesize that P. rudis has been benefited by the local extinction of the sibling species P. nobilis, most probably as a result of reduced interspecific competition. The ecological role once played mainly by P. nobilis as the dominant species, might now be taken over by P. rudis, whose populations could grow during the oncoming years.
Impact of the World Trade Organization TRIPS agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) established minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property. It is intended to implement these standards globally through a WTO enforcement mechanism. The present article proposes a strategy for alleviating the potentially negative impact of TRIPS in Thailand in relation to the following: purchasers; prescribers and dispensers; producers; products; price control; patent-to-third-party; parallel imports; power of the customer; patentable new drugs; personnel; and prevention policies. The following TRIPS provisions are pertinent to the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand: the limited term of product and process patents; the conditions of protection; and the broad scope for compulsory licensing and enforcement procedures in the national patent system.
Assessing Responsible Care implementation for sustainability in Malaysian chemical industries

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The Responsible Care programme was first introduced in Canada in 1985 and now is implemented worldwide as one of the chemical industries' commitments to improve the industries' public image as well as their performance in health, safety and environmental aspects. In Malaysia, the Responsible Care programme has been implemented since 1994 with a current total of 148 companies pledged to implement it in their company; however, the effectiveness of the programme remains unknown. Hence, this paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the Responsible Care programme in improving performance in the environment, health and safety in terms of documentation, training, selection processes and stakeholders' engagement for the sustainability of chemical industries. Design/methodology/approach A survey was administered to the Responsible Care signatory companies in Malaysia. Of these, a total of 132 member companies either produced or provided services related to chemical products. Findings The majority of signatory companies agreed that the Responsible Care programme did improve their performance in the environment, health and safety. Besides that, the signatory companies were also keeping up their commitment to ensuring documentation, training, selection process and stakeholders' engagement run smoothly in line with Responsible Care's mission. Originality/value After more than two decades of implementation in Malaysia, it is important to assess the Responsible Care programme's effectiveness. As an increasing number of chemical firms, without good management, it will possibly pose a danger to the environment and human health and safety. Through assessment, advances in Responsible Care management practices will considerably increase programme effectiveness in terms of environmental health and safety.
Neonatal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: Our Experience with 10 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To analyse the outcome of neonatal sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) in our setup.Materials and Methods: Hospital records of 10 neonates, who were operated for SCT during 14 years time period, were retrieved and analysed. Letters were sent to 6 parents/ caretakers of children who were lost to follow up; none of them responded.Results: Seven girls and 3 boys with a mean age of 9 days (range 1- 30 days) underwent excision of SCT in the neonatal period. Antenatal pickup rates were poor (2/10). Two patients presented with tumor rupture. Though all had an obvious mass at birth, only half of them presented on day 1 of life. The remaining 5 patients came late at a mean age of 11 days. Half of the SCTs were 10 cm or larger in size. One patient was misdiagnosed as meningomyelocoele. All underwent complete excision with coccygectomy by posterior approach in prone position. There were only 2 patients who could be classified as Altman Type II, the rest were all Altman Type I. Histopathology (HPE) revealed mature cystic teratoma (n=8), grade 1 immature teratoma (n=1) and grade 3 immature teratoma (n=1). There was no mortality; and complications were seen in 3/10 patients (1 neurogenic bladder, 1 major wound infection with ventriculitis and 1 minor wound infection). The mean follow up was 25 months (range 1 month to 6 years) in 4 patients with no recurrence.Conclusions: Neonatal SCTs are usually benign with a good outcome after complete surgical excision with a low complication rate. Although long term follow up has been advocated, the follow up was poor in this series.
“I’m in a League of My Own”: A study on the rhetorical devices in Conor McGregor’s speeches

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vapaaottelu on kasvattanut suosiotaan tasaisesti viime vuosien aikana, minkä seurauksena ottelijat ovat alkaneet saada enemmän huomiota medialta kamppailuympäristön ulkopuolelta. Suosion nopean kasvun ja jatkuvasti laajenevan kannatuspohjan vuoksi, mainostamisesta on tullut liiketoiminnan avaintekijä sekä promoottoreille, että ottelijoille. Tämän lisääntyneen mediahuomion seurauksena, osa ottelijoista on alkanut ilmaisemaan itseään enemmän verbaalisesti haastattelutilaisuuksissa mainostaakseen otteluitaan. Tämän seurauksena haastatteluissa esiintyy erilaisia verbaalisia yhteenottoja, jotka sisältävät usein vastustajien taitojen väheksymistä sekä omien taitojensa suurentelua. Kaiken tämän käyttäytymisen keskellä on kieli. Kielen avulla ottelijat luovat erilaisia narratiiveja ja identiteettejä itselleen ja vastustajilleen. Retorisen analyysin avulla tässä tutkielmassa pyrittiin selvittämään minkälaisia retorisia keinoja irlantilainen vapaaottelumestari Conor McGregor käyttää puheissaan ja mitä tehtäviä niillä oli. Aineisto koostui 11 lehdistötilaisuudesta jotka litteroitiin. Litteroinneista idenfioitiin retoriset keinot, joita McGregor käytti useiten, jonka jälkeen ne kategorisoitiin. Analyysi osoitti, että McGregor käytti neljää retorista keinoa useimmiten. Nämä keinot olivat apostrofi, esimerkki, toisto ja metafora. Yleisesti analyysi osoitti, että McGregor käytti edellä mainittuja keinoja herättääkseen tunteita vastustajissaan. McGregor myös hyökkäsi vastustajiensa identiteettejä vastaan luomalla heille uusia, vähätteleviä identiteettejä. Samanaikaisesti, hän myös pyrki osoittamaan dominanssinsa sekä oman ylemmyytensä. Mahdollisena jatkotutkimuksena voitaisiin toteuttaa tutkimus, jossa yksittäisten retoristen keinojen vaikuttavuutta testattaisiin laajojen testiryhmien avulla, jolloin keinojen ominaistehokkuutta pystyttäisiin monitoroimaan. Myös puhujan ominaispiirteiden vaikutusta pystyttäisiin paremmin rajoittamaan sekä tarkkailemaan.
STUDY OF BIOMECHANICAL CURVES IN A MOTION ANALYSIS LABORATORY AND A THERAPEUTIC ROBOTIC SYSTEM

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Motion Analysis Laboratory (MAL), generates a set of biomechanical curves (kinematic and kinetic), from patient records during gait cycles, based on time in all three planes. The Lokomat robotic system (LRS) generates the same curves (but is however, restricted to only the sagittal plane, by way of bilateral hip and knee sensors) when acting with patients who are undergoing training or simulating the gait cycles, at an average speed of 2.35 km/h. The aim of this paper is to evaluate LRS gait cycles by a quantitative comparison with the gait of normal subjects. For this purpose, the correlation coefficient (CC) and the significance probability function (Zsc) were calculated. The results show a greater similarity between kinematics parameters. However, with the kinetic curves, the relationship is not so obvious. The obtained scatter diagram was analyzed while simultaneously plotting the hip and knee curves taken from the LRS, when acting with patients who have undergone varying powers of the LRS servomechanisms from 100% to 50% and 30%.
The elongation of yeast prion fibers involves separable steps of association and conversion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A self-perpetuating change in the conformation of the translation termination factor Sup35p is the basis for the prion [ PSI + ], a protein-based genetic element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In a process closely allied to in vivo conversion, the purified soluble, prion-determining region of Sup35p (NM) converts to amyloid fibers by means of nucleated conformational conversion. First, oligomeric species convert to nuclei, and these nuclei then promote polymerization of soluble protein into amyloid fibers. To elucidate the nature of the polymerization step, we created single-cysteine substitution mutants at different positions in NM to provide unique attachment sites for various probes. In vivo , the mutants behaved like wild-type protein in both the [ psi – ] and [ PSI + ] states. In vitro , they assembled with wild-type kinetics and formed fibers with the same morphologies. When labeled with fluorescent probes, two mutants, NM T158C and NM E167C , exhibited a change in fluorescence coincident with amyloid assembly. These mutants provided a sensitive measure for the kinetics of fiber elongation, and the lag phase in conversion. The cysteine in the mutant NM K184C remained exposed after assembly. When labeled with biotin and bound to streptavidin beads, it was used to capture radiolabeled soluble NM in the process of conversion. This process established the existence of a detergent-susceptible intermediate in fiber elongation. Thus, the second stage of nucleated conformational conversion, fiber elongation, itself contains at least two steps: the association of soluble protein with preformed fibers to form an assembly intermediate, followed by conformational conversion into amyloid.
Passive skeletal muscle can function as an osmotic engine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Muscles are composite structures. The protein filaments responsible for force production are bundled within fluid-filled cells, and these cells are wrapped in ordered sleeves of fibrous collagen. Recent models suggest that the mechanical interaction between the intracellular fluid and extracellular collagen is essential to force production in passive skeletal muscle, allowing the material stiffness of extracellular collagen to contribute to passive muscle force at physiologically relevant muscle lengths. Such models lead to the prediction, tested here, that expansion of the fluid compartment within muscles should drive forceful muscle shortening, resulting in the production of mechanical work unassociated with contractile activity. We tested this prediction by experimentally increasing the fluid volumes of isolated bullfrog semimembranosus muscles via osmotically hypotonic bathing solutions. Over time, passive muscles bathed in hypotonic solution widened by 16.44 ± 3.66% (mean ± s.d.) as they took on fluid. Concurrently, muscles shortened by 2.13 ± 0.75% along their line of action, displacing a force-regulated servomotor and doing measurable mechanical work. This behaviour contradicts the expectation for an isotropic biological tissue that would lengthen when internally pressurized, suggesting a functional mechanism analogous to that of engineered pneumatic actuators and highlighting the significance of three-dimensional force transmission in skeletal muscle.
The Treatment of Intracranial Malignant Gliomas Using Orally Administered Tamoxifen Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In vitro studies have shown that the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen can suppress deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation in cultured human gliomas. This growth suppression is independent of its antiestrogenic properties. Tamoxifen may act through the inhibition of the enzyme protein kinase C, which transduces mitogenic signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. Based on these preclinical studies, we initiated a clinical trial of orally administered tamoxifen, 20 mg twice daily, to patients with recurrent, progressive malignant gliomas who were not candidates for other “failed” protocols, such as brachytherapy. No limits were placed on age, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), or expected survival. Thirty-two patients were entered in the study, 29 with a glioblastoma multiforme and 3 with an anaplastic astrocytoma. The mean age of the group was 48 years, and the mean KPS was 65. Median survival of the entire cohort from the onset of tamoxifen therapy was 17 weeks; the median survival of those patients with an initial KPS of 70 or more was 21 weeks. Seven patients survived for more than 6 months with no change in their baseline computed tomographic scans or KPS on tamoxifen, including 2 patients with computed tomographic evidence of regression during the course of therapy. There were no significant patient-reported side effects of the treatment. Three patients had thromboembolic complications during tamoxifen administration. We conclude that tamoxifen can be administered safely to these patients and may show some efficacy against glial neoplasms.