jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effects of Household socioeconomic characteristics on children under 5-years mortality in Afghanistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Households Socioeconomic conditions in the most cases directly effecting the lives of children at the age of under 5-year. Accessibility of Afghan households to improved drinking water, household sanitation, households head characteristic, paternal and maternal occupation and household children population size are the targets variables which are examined to find the effects of household’s socioeconomic condition on children under 5-year mortality in afghanistan. In this study data has extracted from (2015afdh) and logistic regression by calculating the marginal effect was applied to find the effect of explanatory variables on the three depend variables (neonatal mortality, infant mortality and under 5-year mortality). The result shows that, the neonatal period is more vulnerable rather than infant and under 5-year age period in Afghanistan. Accessibility of households to clean water and protected toilet decreasing the neonatal mortality by (1.6 % and 1.9%), good sanitation decreased the infant mortality by 4% and in under 5-mortlatiy by 2.21% respectively. household wealth index, father and mother occupation are strongly effecting the lives of children in all stages of live. Male child more likely to die in the age of neonatal period and female in the age of infant period. In this study we approached that, households drinking water sources strongly effecting the lives of children under 5-year. Furthermore, protected toilet significantly decreasing the mortality rate of children under 5-year. By improving the households lives standard and increasing the awareness of household’s members about the role of hygiene and sanitation the probability of children death at the age of under 5-year significantly will reduce.
A Content Analysis of Research Articles in The Journal for Specialists in Group Work: 1998–2015

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We assessed research articles (N = 118) published in The Journal for Specialists in Group Work (JSGW). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies were coded based on author, research topic, sample, and method characteristics. Over time the proportion of research articles have doubled, while practitioner authorship contributions have decreased. Client characteristics and process issues have been the most frequently researched topic areas, and child-adolescent and adult clients have been participants more often than graduate students. Quantitative designs outnumbered qualitative approaches 2:1 overall, while the number of mixed-methods studies increased considerably. Implications and future directions are provided.
Monitoring microbial population dynamics at low densities

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We propose a new and simple method for the measurement of microbial concentrations in highly diluted cultures. This method is based on an analysis of the intensity fluctuations of light scattered by microbial cells under laser illumination. Two possible measurement strategies are identified and compared using simulations and measurements of the concentration of gold nanoparticles. Based on this comparison, we show that the concentration of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures can be easily measured in situ across a concentration range that spans five orders of magnitude. The lowest measurable concentration is three orders of magnitude (1000×) smaller than in current optical density measurements. We show further that this method can also be used to measure the concentration of fluorescent microbial cells. In practice, this new method is well suited to monitor the dynamics of population growth at early colonization of a liquid culture medium. The dynamic data thus obtained are particularly relevant for microbial ecology studies.
Did We Get It Wrong? The True Meaning of European Federalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reflects on the meaning of European federalism. Although many enthusiasts of European unity have referred to their vision as ‘federalist’, very little systematic analysis of what European federalism means and implies has been carried out. The result has been a tendency in the pro-European debate to identify the federalisation of Europe with the transfer of more and more powers to the EU level and the eventual creation of a continental state-like polity. This article argues that such a tendency is not in line with the proper and historical meaning of federation, a polity whose political and institutional logic is completely at odds with that of the modern nation state. The latter is characterised by an emphasis on institutional hierarchy, bureaucratic uniformity and economic controls, while the former encourages institutional competition, societal diversity and economic openness. This article concludes that embracing a clearly articulated federalist doctrine could help pro-European forces, most notably the pro-European right, to recover a sense of purpose and successfully meet many of the present challenges in European integration.
No simple dichotomies: lobbyists and the European Parliament

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To call lobbyists of the European Parliament ‘unelected legislators’ is somewhat misleading. Similarly, to talk of ‘inspired legislation’, where laws, or more particularly amendments to legislation, are ‘written by a lobby group from the civil society and more or less rubber stamped by a public body’1 is to over-simplify a complex and mediated relationship between elected ‘legislators’ and unelected ‘interest representatives’. Indeed, in the case of the European Union (EU), identifying a single ‘public body’ as a ‘legislator’ is problematic in itself as all three major institutions – Commission, Council and European Parliament – perform legislative roles. Moreover, securing a single, clearly defined imprint of a ‘rubber stamp’ on legislation is difficult given the inter-institutional bargaining that results in blurred and smudged legislative imprints at the best of times.
Marchantia polymorpha L.: An Emerging Model Plant System to Study Contemporary Plant Biology – A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha L., one of the species of first land plants is a promising model plant system for the analysis of diverse facets of contemporary plant biology. The unique characteristics of the plant such as dominant haploid gametophytic generation enables the isolation and disruption of mutant for genetic analysis, rapid sexual and asexual reproduction can be induced under controlled conditions which leads to the formation of genetically homogenous lines and also the complete organelle genome sequence of chloroplast and mitochondria has been established. In addition, the ongoing whole genome sequencing of M. polymorpha by the community sequencing plan at the Joint Genome Institute specifies the conservation of several mechanisms of biological science that are instituted in other terrestrial plants in a smaller extent of intricacy. Thus, with the development of several feasible and reliable genetic transformation strategies, in vitro cell culture, gene silencing, targeted gene modification and its critical evolutionary position make this plant as a potential model plant to study evolutionary and developmental biology in detail.
Weekly low-dose docetaxel combined with estramustine and dexamethasone for Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer Koji HatanoKazuo NishimuraYasutomo NakaiTakahiro YoshidaMototaka SatoAtsunari Kawashima • Masatoshi MukaiAkira NagaharaMotohide UemuraDaizo OkaMasashi NakayamaHitoshi Takayama • Kiyonori ShimizuNorio MeguroTsuyoshi TanigawaSeiji YamaguchiAkira TsujimuraNorio Nonomura

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background A low-dose chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel, estramustine and dexamethasone was investigated for its beneficial effect and feasibility in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods Seventy-two Japanese patients with metastatic CRPC were enrolled to receive docetaxel (25 mg/m 2 on days 2 and 9), estramustine phosphate (280 mg orally twice daily from day 1 to day 3 and from day 8 to day 10) and dexamethasone (0.5 mg orally twice daily) every 21 days. Results The median age of the patients was 72 years and 64 patients (89 %) had Cgrade 1 anemia at entry. The median total number of courses administered was 8.5 (range 1‐93). Forty-two patients (58 %) had a prostatespecific antigen (PSA) decline of C50 %. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6 and 23 months, respectively. Fifteen patients (21 %) improved and 53 patients (74 %) were stable in their performance status. Of the 40 patients with bone pain, 25 patients (63 %) showed pain reduction. Among 71 patients assessable for their hemoglobin levels, 21 patients (30 %) achieved an increase of at least 1.0 g/dl. Of the 5 patients who terminated treatment because of Cgrade 3 toxicity, 4 patients had pneumonitis and one patient had anemia. Only one patient developed Cgrade 3 neutropenia. Conclusions The low-dose combination of docetaxel, estramustine and dexamethasone is active and tolerable with beneficial effects on serum PSA levels, performance status, anemia and bone pain in Japanese patients with CRPC. This regimen is a reasonable option for elderly patients with bone disease at risk of hematologic toxicity.
Pendeteksi Kesamaan Dokumen pada Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Proposal Skripsi dengan Pendekatan Algoritma Rabin-Karp

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Plagiarism is a significant problem in many areas, including universities. plagiarism is usually performed on digital content is to copy-paste of the original document. To anticipate, we need a way to analyze the technique of plagiarism. There are several approaches that can be taken, for example by using a search algorithm Rabin-Karp string because these algorithms can be used to detect plagiarism in a text document. In the testing phase, the test documents used were three documents with similarity level categories of low, medium and high. From some of the testing that has been done, this approach can find the longest quote the same between the two text documents and measure the similarity of text documents. With this system will help prevent acts of plagiarism in the thesis proposal registration so that the absence of the same thesis. Keywords: Plagiarism, Rabin-Karp algorithm, Similarity, Document
Accumulating evidence to bring policy, practice, and research together

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In 1995, when evidence-based health policy and practice was well established in medicine and was making headway in nursing and various therapies (Evidence Based Medicine Working Group 1992; Rosenberg and Donald 1995; Bury and Mead 1998; Dicers et al. 1998), the Department of Health (England) commissioned the EPPI-Centre to develop methods and an infrastructure to transfer the approach to the area of health promotion. Building on earlier work funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) to establish a database of social interventions (Oakley and Fullerton 1996), initial outputs included systematic reviews, bibliographies of evidence, and training programmes, as well as work to establish what is now known as the Health Promotion and Public Health Field within the Cochrane Collaboration.
Theory of Change (ToC): A Method for Impact Planning and Assessment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Theory of Change (ToC) is a formative, process-based evaluation method that is most often used to inform or improve project planning. This is a description of the framework based on scientific literature, in which you can learn about Theory of Change, including where, when, and how to use this method to describe how you envision certain changes to happen in a given context, and specify outcomes and outputs of your activities.Use it to...
Assess the feasibility of your goals, set up a monitoring and evaluation plan, or to write the impact section of a grant application.
Notes\nThis entry includes metadata only.\nThe corresponding files will be added shortly.
Impact of Oral Immunonutrition on Postoperative Morbidity in Digestive Oncologic Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of preoperative immunonutrition on a nationwide scale. Background: According to international guidelines, immunonutrition should be prescribed before major oncologic digestive surgery to decrease postoperative morbidity. Nevertheless, this practice remains controversial. Methods: We used a prospective national health database named “Echantillon généraliste des Bénéficiaires.” Patients were selected with ICD10 codes of cancer and digestive surgery procedures from 2012 to 2016. Two groups were identified: with reimbursement of immunonutrition 45 days before surgery (IN-group) or not (no-IN-group). Primary outcome was 90-day severe morbidity. Secondary outcomes were postoperative length of stay (LOS) and overall survival. Logistic regression and survival analysis adjusted with IPW method were performed. Results: One thousand seven hundred seventy-one patients were included. The proportion of different cancers was as follows: 72% patients were included in the colorectal group, 14% in the hepato-pancreato-biliary group, and 12% in the upper gastrointestinal group. Patients from the IN-group (n = 606, 34%) were younger (67.1 ± 11.8 vs 69.2 ± 12.2 years, P < 0.001), with increased use of other oral nutritional supplements (49.5% vs 31.8%, P < 0.001) and had more digestive anastomoses (89.4% vs 83.0%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for 90-day severe morbidity [odds ratio (OR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.73–1.14] or in survival (hazard ratio: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73–1.08). LOS were shorter in the IN-group [−1.26 days, 95% CI: −2.40 to −0.10)]. Conclusion: The preoperative use of immunonutrition before major oncologic digestive surgery was not associated with any significant difference in morbidity or mortality. However, the LOS was significantly shorter in the IN-group.
Wireless AD-HOC Network Secure Authentication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Communication in network is based on client server model where an infrastructure is required between two clients or mobile to communicate with each other even though they are closed to each other. In earlier human communication model, two people those are physically closed to each other can talk directly without any server. In spontaneous network there is no server or any infrastructure between nodes to communicate, anybody those who wants to communicate can join, communicate and leave the network without any central server. Authentication in Wireless ad-hoc Network is difficult and challenging because of its frequent topology changes. Due to the mobility of nodes the connection may be loss. When the connectionless node wants to rejoin into the network node re-authentication will be needed. A secure self configured protocol is required for user authentication, validation and data transfer. Zero knowledge protocol is a secure self-authenticated protocol. Secured protocol uses a hybrid symmetric/asymmetric key encryption scheme for user authentication and to exchange data. ZKP is used to re-authenticate and share the secure services without any infrastructure. Central authority based authentication schemes have been proposed and with every movement of a node outside the network demands re-authentication of the nodes by the central authority before the node rejoins the network. ZKP reduces the dependences on the Central authority for re-authentication thereby avoiding the attacks that are possible during re-authentication and service sharing.
Effects of Scan Direction and Orientation on Mechanical Properties of Laser Sintered Polyamide-12

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to understand the impact of layer-wise scanning direction in the Selective Laser Sintering process, test coupons were manufactured for mechanical testing from DuraForm™ Polyamide powder. The effects of laser energy density, varying between 0.003 and 0.024 J/mm2 were examined in test specimens rotated 90º through the Z axis. SLS machines do not always facilitate ‘cross-hatching’ of layers and therefore orientation has a major influence on part quality. When employed, the cross-hatching technique scans successive layers perpendicularly to the previous. Studying how parts perform with scan lines in a common direction, will assist in the understanding of how SLS parts behave in practice. Results showed that physical density, tensile strength and elongation rose with energy density up to 0.012 J/mm². This initial rise was due to a continued improvement in particle fusion with increasing energy density. Above 0.012 J/mm², these properties started to decline at different rates depending on their orientation (scan direction) on the part bed. Specimen’s oriented perpendicularly to the X axis exhibited a greater elongation at the expense of tensile strength, when compared to parallel specimens.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Multi-Stage Gear Transmission Considering Scuffing Risks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Multi-objective and multi-step optimization of gear mesh is presented in this study which covers both macro and micro-geometry design variables. Two objective functions are considered including minimization of gear mesh power loss and transmission error (TE). Design constraints such as bending/contact stress limits, geometrical requirements and scuffing risk are introduced in optimization process. Scuffing is one of the most common surface failures in EV gear transmission due to high motor speed and output torque. Major causes include high contact pressure, high sliding velocity and surface temperature etc. The mainframe of its evaluation method applied in the analysis is based on AGMA standard which incorporates most tribological evaluation data needed. Some related key properties such as surface roughness and lubrication conditions are generated from more refined analysis or test results. For optimization method, a modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is applied which account for different aspects of gear performances and constraints. Results demonstrated significant reduction in both power loss and peak to peak TE at the end of iteration. Finally, the relationship among scuffing probability and other gear performance data are compared. It is indicated that optimized design with minimum power loss and TE does not have the lowest maximum surface temperature.
Sources and Genetics of Resistance to Soybean Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi (H. Sydow & Sydow) in Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In searching for resistance genes to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi (H. Sydow & Sydow), twenty eight soybean genotypes obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan were screened on rust infested field for resistance to rust. These genotypes were planted at the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Yandev station in Benue State, Nigeria during 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons. Soybean rust is known to be endemic to the Yandev station. Field observations revealed significant variation among the soybean genotypes to rust. Seven soybean genotypes were identified to be resistant to rust which were TGx1987-62F, TGx1935-3F, TGx1951-3F, TGx1936-2F, TGx1987-10F, TGx1972-1F and TGx1949-8F. Genetic analysis of the parental materials after hybridization for the mode of inheritance indicated that rust resistance in soybean was monogenically controlled by dominant genes. The relationship among the resistance genes was established through allelic testing which indicated that genes in TGx1972-1F and TGx1987-10F are allelic and independent of the dominant resistance genes of TGx1951-3F, TGx1936-2F, TGx1987-62F and TGx1935- 3F which are also allelic. The results revealed that dominant alleles at three loci conditioned resistance to soybean rust races found in Nigeria and the tentative symbols formulated for the three loci controlling resistance to rust in soybean were Rsbr1, Rsbr2 and Rsbr3 (Resistance to soybean rust )
Supplementary material from "Plant guttation provides nutrient-rich food for insects"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant guttation is a fluid from xylem and phloem sap secreted at the margins of leaves from many plant species. All previous studies have considered guttation as a water source for insects. Here, we hypothesized that plant guttation serves as a reliable and nutrient-rich food source for insects with effects on their communities. Using highbush blueberries as a study system, we demonstrate that guttation droplets contain carbohydrates and proteins. Insects from three feeding lifestyles, an herbivore, a parasitic wasp and a predator, increased their longevity and fecundity when fed on these guttation droplets compared to those fed on control water. Our results also show that guttation droplets, unlike nectar, are present on leaves during the entire growing season and are visited by numerous insects of different orders. In exclusion-field experiments, the presence of guttation modified the insect community by increasing the number of predators and parasitic wasps that visited the plants. Overall, our results demonstrate that plant guttation is highly reliable, compared to other plant-derived food sources such as nectar, and that it increases the communities and fitness of insects. Therefore, guttation represents an important plant trait with profound implications on multi-trophic insect–plant interactions.
Stathmin SiRNA Plasmid Expression Vector Suppressing Expression of Stathmin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:Constructing stathmin specific SiRNA plasmid expression vector and investigating the silence effect of SiRNA plasmid expression vector on stathmin in 5-8F cell line.Method:Synthesize stathmin specific interfering expression DNA fragments,obtain doubled DNA fragment by annealing and combine the fragment with plasmid pGenesil1.1.The recombinant vectors were transferred and screened in JM109 strains.Then,the recombinant vectors were amplified and identified by di-enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.The identified vector was transfected into 5-8F cell line.RT-PCR and Western Blot were adopted to analyze the expression of stathmin.Result:Di-enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing showed that the basic sequence and direction of stathmin specific DNA fragment,which was inserted into SiRNA plasmid expression,was correct and reduced the expression of stathmin effectively in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F.The transfected efficiency was about 78.8±6.8%.Conclusion:The constructed stathmin specific recombinant SiRNA plasmid expression vector could silence the expression of stathmin.
No Urine Output

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The chapter describes a case of acute urinary retention to illustrate the clinical approach to anuria. It reviews the differential diagnosis and initial work up for anuria considering prerenal, renal, and postrenal etiologies. This work up includes serum chemistry, urinalysis, urine culture, urine electrolytes, urine creatinine, urine osmolality, and bedside bladder ultrasound. It discusses the causes of acute urinary retention including neurologic, obstructive, infectious, inflammatory, medication induced, or traumatic causes, and also illustrates the management of acute urinary retention..Urethral catheterization to decompress the bladder is the first-line treatment for acute urinary retention, which is followed by treatment of the underlying cause or causes.