jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding smart and diverse communities of interest through STEAM immersion learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A STEAM-based approach to education is presented that encompasses science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), with the addition of "the Arts" as a means of reversing continuing declines in science, math, and reading scores in U.S. secondary schools and to better prepare future STEAM scholars and professionals. This is despite the significant emphasis U.S. schools have placed on STEM curricula for nearly the past 20 years. The 2014 New York State Department of Labor report states, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) has indicated that the United States needs at least one million more STEM workers than is currently available. The report also cites that 75 percent of students who graduate with a STEM-related degree do not take STEM jobs; however, the need for STEM careers is 2.5 times higher than other fields within New York State. A case study of Project Fibonacci ® is presented whose approach is one of immersive learning that emphasizes math within a STEAM context, holding focused STEAM educational forums, and establishing centers of excellence in STEAM education. This may offer additional benefits beyond traditional STEM-only approaches. There is an upward trend towards STEAM-focused curricula driven by the decline in academic scores, which provides more challenges for our youth to compete in the global workforce; and recognizing that STEAM builds upon math as the interconnection between the science and art disciplines, thus expanding career opportunities and experience that ensure a well-rounded citizenry. We are rediscovering the need for balancing the cognitive and logical sides of the brain with the creative force to engender an agile, growth-driven nationwide community.
Nitrogen fertilisation reduces the contribution of root-derived carbon to mineral-associated organic matter formation at low and high defoliation frequencies in a grassland soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background and aims Rhizodeposition is organic matter released by living plant roots that can be transformed by microbes into particulate organic matter (POM), but that can also become more stable through the adsorption of organic matter onto soil minerals (mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM), thereby playing an important role in mitigating climate change. We examined how root-derived carbon (C) as a proxy for rhizodeposition contributed to POM and MAOM formation in a grassland affected by nitrogen (N) fertilisation and defoliation frequency, and to what degree rhizodeposition was incorporated into microbial biomass. Methods We applied N fertiliser (0 vs. 40 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and defoliation frequencies (3–4 vs. 6–8 clipping events year −1 , simulating low and high grazing intensity) for three years, then used a 13 CO 2 pulse labelling technique to examine the incorporation of rhizodeposition into microbial biomass, POM and MAOM fractions. Results With N fertilisation, rhizodeposition contributed less to the formation of MAOM compared to the formation of POM, while defoliation frequency decreased the contribution of rhizodeposition into both POM and MAOM, particularly with N fertilisation. Although the MAOM fraction was relatively rich in N (C: N ratio of 10.5 vs. 13.5 for POM), our results suggest that adding inorganic N promoted the formation of POM more than of MAOM from rhizodeposition. Conclusion A large proportion of rhizodeposition was taken up by microbes that eventually could contribute to POM and MAOM formation. Our results provide insightful information regarding the stabilisation of rhizodeposition into different soil organic matter pools.
TNM Classification for Lung Cancer Result of Field Study in Japan and Establishment of Staging System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

肺がん患者の病期分類を決めるため, 現行のTNM分類方式によって1946症例の5年生存率を検討し, 全生存期間パターンによって統計学的に分析した. その結果, 現行TNM方式の予盾と欠点とを指摘して新しいT. N. Mの定義を作り, 病期をO. I. II. IIIの4つに決めることができた. ただ, 肺がんの組織型別の分析からみると, 小細胞型未分化がんは, 予後が極端にわるいので, 上述病期のいかんに関係なく, III期として扱うべきであると思われる.
Palatalization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter provides a structural overview of the varieties of palatalization found in Romance varieties today as well as considering diachronic issues. It covers the emergence in Romance of a new order of palatals, both fricatives and affricates, due to original yod, and how new, secondary sources of palatalizing yod developed from asyllabic high vowels; diatopic differences in the palatalizing effects of front vowels, in the susceptibility of different underlying segments, in the palatalization of consonantal clusters, and in the palatalizing effects of postconsonantal laterals; positional differences in conditioning different palatal outcomes; morphologization of palatal/non-palatal alternations; recent waves of palatalization. Specific topics dealt with include: Latin yod and its effects; morphological consequences of palatalization by yod; consonant + front vowel palatalization; velar stop + front vowel; velar stop + a; non-dorsal consonant + front vowel; morphological consequences of front vowel palatalization; consonant + consonant palatalization; consonant + lateral; velar stop + coronal consonant.
Investigation on microstructure and build defects for 3D printed steel parts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to determine the feasibility of using Laser engineered net shaping (LENS) 3D-printing for offshore construction, observation and analysis of built defects and the microstructure of LENS 3d-printed A131 EH36 grade steel was conducted. Two block samples were cut and mounted to study their horizontal and vertical cross-sections. After polishing, an optical microscope (OM) was used in conjunction with Image J software to measure porosity and observe other built defects. To observe the built defects of the samples after testing, penetrant testing was performed on samples that had undergone tensile, fatigue and Charpy testing. After chemical etching with nitric acid, OM and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe and analyse the sample microstructure. It was observed that there were two types of built defects: porosity and inclusions. Calculated porosity levels were 1% for the horizontal cross-section and 1.3% for the vertical cross-section. Porosity distributions for both samples were observed to be nonuniform. Due to excessively damp powder or trapped gases from the heated powder, gas bubbles are enclosed during the printing process and become pores. Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed using SEM to analyse the chemical composition of the inclusions, and it was found that the weighted percentage of iron was 82.39%. It is possible that fall back from the gas shield or contamination of the powder source caused these inclusions. The microstructure was found to vary along the built direction, starting with very fine grains that are equiaxed in morphology nearer to the substrate, with the development of pearlite, ferrite and a little acicular ferrite and Widmanstätten ferrite phases at the middle. At the top of the sample dendritic Widmanstätten ferrite, austenite and acicular ferrite were observed, indicating an increase in temperatures and a decrease in cooling rates as the sample was built. In conclusion, although the presence of acicular ferrite indicates high strength and toughness, the uneven distribution of pores and the presence of inclusions may result in points of weakness within the material.
Shot Noise Suppression in Single Electron Transistors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Shot noise in a single electron transistor coupled to a dissipative environment is studied. The evolution of the charging process is modeled using classical circuit equations. The distribution of time between tunnel events in the presence of series coupling resistances is derived and used in modeling the stochastic tunneling processes. It is shown that resistive series elements result in a suppression of the Fano factor, below the theoretical 0.5 limit.
Electronic States of Fe2S-/0/+

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The relative energies of a multitude of low-lying electronic states of Fe 2 S -/0/+ are determined by complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations. The numerous states obtained are assigned to spin ladders. For selected states, dynamic correlation has been included by multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) and the structures of some high-spin states have been optimized by CASSCF/MRCI. Comparison is made with structures obtained by density-functional theoretical calculations. The ground states of Fe 2 S -/0/+ are 10 B 2 , 1 A 1 and 8 A 2 , respectively, and the total splittings of the lowest-energy spin ladders are about 0.18, 0.07 and 0.13 eV, respectively. The spin ladders of Fe 2 S qualitatively reflect the picture of Heisenberg spin coupling. While both Fe 2 S - and Fe 2 S + show an Fe-Fe distance of about 270 pm, that of Fe 2 S is about 100 pm longer. The calculated adiabatic electron affinity of Fe 2 S is 1.2 eV and the ionization energy 6.6 eV. An interpretation of the observed photoelectron spectrum of Fe 2 S - is given.
Drugs acting on the bladder and urethra.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

eye injuries was in players aged 11 to 15 years.Largely as a result of this study and others like it protective headwear and facewear is now mandatory in almost all junior ice hockey in Canada.There have also been recent articles regarding eye injuries in badminton2 and squash.3I am not aware of such an article on cricket eye injuries.This is just the right time for such a survey.I write from the land of ice hockey to the land of cricket in the hope of stimulating somebody to tackle the sticky
Clinical factors associated with the recurrence of central giant cell lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Central giant cell lesion of the jaws (CGCLJ) is a destructive condition that shows a varied and unpredictable biological behaviour. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with the recurrence of CGCLJ. Based on the data of a previous systematic review of 2270 cases of CGCLJ, we used the multiple imputation to deal with the missing data. The dependent variable was the recurrence after the first treatment (yes/no). The dichotomic covariates were sex, upper or lower jaw location, size (up to or larger than 4 cm), pain, cortical bone perforation (yes/no), locularity (uni‐/multilocular), tooth displacement (yes/no), treatment type (curettage or enucleation) and root resorption (yes/no). The final logistic model indicated that the tumours associated with tooth displacement, root resorption and treated with curettage had a more significant chance of recurrence. In conclusion, our study suggests that tooth displacement, root resorption and the type of treatment are potentially useful in the future construction of an algorithm for patient's treatment.
Saudi EFL Learners’ Use of Alternative Forms to the English Past Tense: An Aspectual Analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the alternative forms to simple past produced by Saudi learners of English across different proficiency levels, with a particular focus on the lexical aspect. Based on the analysis of 62 Saudi EFL learners’ responses to a cloze test, findings showed that learners’ alternative patterns were of six types: base and present, progressive, aux+ present/past, perfect, blank and other forms. The main competing patterns to simple past were the base and present, progressive and aux + present/past forms. The lexical aspect appeared to have a partial influence on the production of the alternative patterns in the past context, whereby progressive was highly used with activity, which is consistent with the Aspect Hypothesis, but it was also overused with states, which is not in line with the Aspect Hypothesis. Evidence of the learners’ L1 influence was displayed in their inaccurate use of progressive with states, overuse of base/present forms and their low frequency of the perfect.
Ostearius melanopygius

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) Materials Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Fattorini S., Di Giulio A.; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 2AB19325-EBFE-56FD-AD8C-C06E54135389; Taxon: scientificName: Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880); order: Araneae; family: Linyphiidae; genus: Ostearius; Location: country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Rome; county: Rome; municipality: Rome; locality: Appia Antica Regional Park, Rome; locationRemarks: Casal Verbeni; decimalLatitude: 41.815250; decimalLongitude: 12.552222; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification: identifiedBy: Tommaso Fusco; dateIdentified: 2022; Event: samplingProtocol: Pitfall traps; eventDate: 2013-12 - 06; Record Level: collectionID: Roma 3 _ 5.8 Distribution Cosmopolitan. Cosmopolitan (COS) chorotype. Notes Species of South American origin that has established in Europe (Nentwig et al. 2024).
Automating with Autoscore: Introducing an R package for automating the scoring of orthographic transcripts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automation tools---software that simplifies, calculates, scores, or otherwise performs necessary research tasks---can increase the efficiency and reproducibility of many common research tasks. Herein, we present the Autoscore R package, an open-source research and clinical tool for scoring orthographic transcripts for a measure of words correct, an important task in a variety of fields. It has previously been demonstrated that Autoscore is highly accurate and efficient (Borrie, Barrett, &amp; Yoho, 2019). This paper presents the design of the Autoscore package, outlines how the software can be extended or improved, and provides a brief tutorial on the use of the package on example data. We also conclude by discussing the implications of Autoscore, and other openly accessible tools like it, in improving replicability and reproducibility of research.
The application of the phase space time evolution method to electron shielding

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A computer technique for treating the motion of charged and neutral particles and called the phase space time evolution method was developed. This technique employs the computer's bookkeeping capacity to keep track of the time development of a phase space distribution of particles. This method was applied to a study of the penetration of electrons. A 1 MeV beam of electrons normally incident on a semi-infinite slab of aluminum was used. Results of the calculation were compared with Monte Carlo calculations and experimental results. Time-dependent PSTE electron penetration results for the same problem are presented.
Computational strategies for understanding the nature of interaction in dioxin imprinted nanoporous trappers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new computational model capable of understanding the nature of interactions in signature complexes formed between the template (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD)) and the functional monomers (methacrylic acid (MAA)) using density functional theory (DFT) has been designed. The polymer precursors were optimized for geometries in polymerization media, computing the interaction energies between template molecules and functional monomers of transient pre-polymerized complexes (PPC), and structural and vibrational properties reference to theoretical infrared spectra were computed using DFT of B3LYP/6 311+G(d,p) hybrid functional method. Atom in molecule theory was used to analyze the hydrogen-bonding characteristics of PPC of MAA-TCDD. Considering the theoretical titrations conducted in a virtual solvent box, it was found that the 1:4 molar ratio was required to form the most stable PPC in a given solvent system. The electron density plots indicate strong hydrogen bonding as shown by the 2pz dominant highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) character that could be the preferable sites of binding for target molecule, TCDD. Considering HOMO approach, the active adsorption sites in molecularly imprinted polymer was modeled to get insight on molecular recognition property for targeted molecule, TCDD. The proposed computational protocol is simple, accurate, and novel to design the polymer and is useful to predict the properties of polymer systems than the conventional theoretical analysis of template-monomer interactions.
De fractieleider : Knelpunt of knooppunt in het parlementair gebeuren ?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author describes the recent changes of rules and proceedings in the House of Representatives, later on in the Senate and finally in both the new «cultural Assemblees», concerning the existence, the functioning and the importance of parliamentary groups and their leaders.Assimilated to the status of Vice-presidents of their Assembly, the parliamentary leaders are in charge of many responsabilities and more attention is given to the parliamentary group as such rather than to the individual members. Seating the members in the House, allocating to their «mandated» members speaking time in important debates, replacing members of their group in the specialized committees, preparing with the Speaker the public debates, taking full responsability for the material aid provided to their group and their members (secretarial help, technical assistance in the committee stage and money supply for research) the many tasks of the parliamentary leaders in the organization of parliamentary work are increasing.Their political functions are much more important. Usually the parliamentary leader sits in the top policy making organs of his party, very often he has had governmental experience and, as a floor leader, intervenes in the important debates.Even if essential differences can be observed between political parties (more freedom of action for the liberals and christian-democrats as a parliamentary group, less for the socialists and the communists) the leader in the Parliament plays an important role as the link between political parties and parliament.
Role of miR-142-3p in the Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Clock Gene Bmal1 in the Mouse SCN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional modulators by regulating stability or translation of target mRNAs. Recent studies have implicated miRNAs in the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythms. To explore the role of miRNAs in the post-transcriptional modulation of core clock genes in the master circadian pacemaker, we examined miR-142-3p for evidence of circadian expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), regulation of its putative clock gene target Bmal1 via specific binding sites in the 3â² UTR and overexpression-induced changes in the circadian rhythm of BMAL1 protein levels in SCN cells. In mice exposed to constant darkness (DD), miR-142-3p levels in the SCN were characterized by circadian rhythmicity with peak expression during early subjective day at CT 3. Mutagenesis studies indicate that two independent miRNA recognition elements located at nucleotides 1â7 and 335â357 contribute equally to miR-142-3p-induced repression of luciferase-reported Bmal1 3â² UTR activity. Importantly, overexpression of miR-142-3p in immortalized SCN cells abolished circadian variation in endogenous BMAL1 protein levels in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-142-3p may play a role in the post-transcriptional modulation of Bmal1 and its oscillatory regulation in molecular feedback loops mediating SCN circadian function.
Patterns of family support exchange and personal mastery in later life: a longitudinal study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives: The association between family support exchange and personal mastery among older adults remains unclear. The present study addresses this gap.Methods: We utilized two waves of data from the Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly (N = 1398). Latent class analysis was conducted to identify distinct patterns of family support exchange. Regression analysis was then used to assess whether the identified patterns predicted personal mastery four years later.Results: Four and three prevalent patterns of family support exchange emerged for males and females, respectively. Males who received monetary and material support from their kin developed lower personal mastery than those who only received monetary support. Females who provided and received monetary support developed higher personal mastery than those who lacked support exchange.Conclusion: Our latent class approach has captured the reality of family support exchange and thus provided a valid picture of the implication of such exchange for personal mastery. Our data suggest that support provision may elevate personal mastery. This observation is discussed with reference to the self-enhancement perspective and notion of valence of support provision.
GEM PROPUSION SYSTEM STUDY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The duct system is designed beforehand and the fan is designed to meet the duct dimensions at the exit of the fan. The problems related to duct design are discussed. T HE INLET AND EXIT CONDITIONS OF A FAN ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. Problems related to the fan design are presented. Using these ba ic considerations, a typical fan and vaned type delivery duct was designed and tested. The detail design is presented. (Author)
Searching for New Physics with $b\to s \tau \tau $ Processes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, intriguing hints for the violation of Lepton Flavour Universality (LFU) have been accumulated in semileptonic B decays, both in the neutral-current transitions b → s + -(i.e., RK and RK * ) and the charged-current transitions b → c -ν (i.e., RD, RD * and R J/ψ ).LHCb has reported deviations from the Standard Model (SM) expectations in b → sµ + µ -processes as well as in the ratios RK and RK * , which together point at New Physics (NP) affecting muons with a high significance.Furthermore, hints for LFU violation in R D ( * ) and R J/ψ point at large deviations from the SM in processes involving tau leptons.Together, these hints for NP motivate the possibility of huge LFU-violating effects in b → sτ + τ -transitions.In this article we predict the branching ratios of B → Kτ + τ -, B → K * τ + τ -and Bs → φτ + τ -taking into account NP effects in the Wilson coefficients C τ τ 9( ) and C τ τ 10( ) .Assuming a common NP explanation of RD , R D ( * ) and R J/ψ , we show that a very large enhancement of b → sτ + τ -processes, of around three orders of magnitude compared to the SM, can be expected under fairly general assumptions.We find that the branching ratios of Bs → τ + τ -, Bs → φτ + τ -and B → K ( * ) τ + τ -under these assumptions are in the observable range for LHCb and Belle II.