jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A new group demodulator employing multi-symbol chirp Fourier transform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a group demodulator that employs a multisymbol chirp Fourier transform to demodulate pulse shaped and bit asynchronous signals: this is not possible with convectional group demodulators based on chirp Fourier transform. Moreover, a novel clock timing estimation scheme for the proposed group demodulator is proposed. This clock timing is estimated from the phase of two frequency components of the preamble signal with a simple calculation. Computer simulation results show that the total bit error rate degeneration of the proposed group demodulator employing a 7-symbol chirp Fourier transform is less than 0.3 dB at BER=10/sup 3/ even when root Nyquist (/spl alpha/=0.5) filtered asynchronous FDMA signals are received.
Nitrous Oxide, Too, Is Hepatotoxic in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anesthetic hepatotoxicity was tested under various conditions of hypoxia in rats pretreated with phenobarbital. Administration of 0.3 MAC halothane or fentanyl in 9% oxygen (fractional concentration of inspired oxygen = 0.09) for 46 min produced centrilobular hepatic injury in all rats (P < 0.001 vs all other groups). Isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and thiopental at 0.3 MAC did not produce hepatic injury greater than that produced in control rats given 9% oxygen, nor was significant injury produced in control phenobarbital-pretreated rats who breathed 6 or 7.5% oxygen for 46 min. With an inspired oxygen concentration of 7.5%, hepatic injury occurred after exposure to 92.5% nitrous oxide (P < 0.05), but not after enflurane, isoflurane, or thiopental. When hypoxia associated with 9% oxygen was extended to 2 hr, 91% nitrous oxide produced significant injury (P < 0.001 compared with the controls), while enflurane, isoflurane, and thiopental did not. These and previous results suggest that all anesthetics can produce liver injury in the hypoxic rat model and that the ranking of hepatotoxicity (most to least) may be halothane, fentanyl, nitrous oxide, enflurane = isoflurane = thiopental.
Bringing Earth Into the Scene of a Primary School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Studies have shown that narrative is a valid tool to transmit science in a school context. We explored science theatre to promote earthquake knowledge and risk preparedness by readapting an old legend describing the 1908 Messina earthquake into a script, which was then performed in a primary school. We evaluated the experience designing a questionnaire inspired by the Düss Fairy Tales method and a semistructured questionnaire. Preliminary results strongly encourage science theatre as a means to transfer knowledge and open new opportunities to use this method as an agent of change in behavior before and during an earthquake.
Contaminação cruzada: Uso de tábuas de corte na manipulação de alimentos no ambiente doméstico

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographical review on the approach to cross contamination in the domestic environment, using cutting boards as a tool used in food handling in domestic households, serving as a vehicle for contamination, and as interest for study, in addition to important aspects related to the safety and handling of food at home. Foodborne diseases are defined as infectious or toxic diseases caused by the consumption of contaminated food or water, and the home is considered a place of origin for these diseases based on the food handled and ingested in the home itself. The main errors during food handling are related to the hygiene conditions in the places and surfaces where these foods are handled, with cross-contamination as the main factor responsible for the transfer of microorganisms from one material or contaminated food to another. Cutting surfaces are utensils widely used in the preparation and manipulation of food, whether raw or ready-to-eat and, as handlers are unaware of adequate measures for hygiene, storage, and conservation of these surfaces, the organic matter and microorganisms present in raw foods can remain adhered to them, serving as a source of constant contamination. The permanence and adhesion of microorganisms can occur on any type of surface with the production of biofilms. Biofilms can be defined as communities of sessile cells, consisting of one or more bacterial species, included in a matrix of extracellular polymers (exopolysaccharides - EPS) adhered to an inert or living surface. Biofilms can contribute to the permanence of microorganisms on cutting boards, which may compromise the microbiological quality of food handled on these surfaces, exposing people to biological risk through the biotransfer of pathogenic microorganisms. Studies show that these pathogenic microorganisms may have some degree of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants used in disease control and the hygiene of this utensil, and exposure to pathogens associated with their degree of resistance raises concerns for the World Health Organization (WHO), which reveals a worrying scenario for public health.
Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lezama, Antônio Queiroz, Triques, Mauro L., Santos, Patrícia S. (2012): Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3352: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210126
An Improved Beam Position Monitor for Scorpius and the DARHT Multi-Pulse Test Line

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Beam position monitors (BPMs) provide time-resolved measurements of the current and centroid position of high-current electron beams in linear induction accelerators (LIAs). A frequently used BPM detector is the B-dot loop, which generates a signal from the EMF generated by the time varying magnetic flux through the loop. We have developed a second generation BPM that avoids previously observed diffusion effects in earlier stainless steel through the use of exceptionally high conductivity copper alloy for its construction.
Karyomorphological Studies in <i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L. and <i>Cuminum cyminum</i> L

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. High germination percentage of the seeds of both the species was obtained by keeping the seeds in a mixture of half sand and half clay at a temperature of 20°C±1.2. Good preparations were obtained by pre-treating young root tips of Cori-andrum and Cuminum with saturated aqueous solution of paradichlorobenzene and 0.002 M aqueous solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline, respectively.3. The diploid chromosome number in Coriandrum was 22 and in Cuminum it was 14. Idiograms of the somatic karyotypes of the two species are given.4. Karyotypes of both the species and their interrelationship are discussed.
Variations in Essential Oils from the Leaves of Cinnamomum bodinieri in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cinnamomum plants are rich in natural essential oils, which are widely used as materials in the fragrance, insecticidal, antibacterial agent, pharmaceutical, and food industries; however, few studies have investigated the essential oil components of Cinnamomum bodinieri. Therefore, this study investigated the diversity of essential oils from the leaves of 885 individual C. bodinieri plants across 32 populations in five provinces. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, and then qualitative and quantitative analyses of the compounds were performed by GC-MS and GC-FID. A total of 87 chemical constituents were identified in the essential oils, including 33 monoterpenes, 48 sesquiterpenes, and six other compounds. The average oil yield was 0.75%, and individual oil yields ranged from 0.01% to 4.28%. A total of 16 chemotypes were classified according to variations in the essential oil chemical constituents of C. bodinieri, among which the camphor-type, citral-type, and eucalyptol-type were dominant. Moreover, the borneol-type, cymol-type, elemol-type, methylisoeugenol-type, and selina-6-en-4-ol-type were reported in C. bodinieri for the first time. The yield and principal components of the essential oils were mainly affected by altitude, temperature, and sunshine duration, among which altitude had the most significant effect; thus, low-altitude areas are more suitable for the synthesis and accumulation of essential oils. Based on the different characteristics of the essential oils in the leaves of C. bodinieri, several excellent populations and individuals were identified in this study. Moreover, the findings provide a foundation for breeding superior varieties and studying essential oil biosynthesis mechanisms in the future.
Geological Heritage of the Anthropocene Epoch—A Conceptual Viewpoint

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The growth of interest in the Anthropocene has coincided with the rise of geoheritage research and these ideas seem to be mutually enriching. However, very few previous investigations were devoted to the Anthropocene geoheritage. The conceptual treatment of the geoheritage classification demonstrates that the majority of geoheritage types and forms are relevant to the Anthropocene. From types, the most relevant are the stratigraphical, economical and geomorphological types, which include, for instance, such unique objects as the Anthropocene global stratotype candidate sections, exploited ore deposits and man-made landforms, respectively. Ex-situ forms (such as museum collections) and many in-situ forms (such as quarries and roadcuts) result from the geological-scale activity of humans. The practical importance of the strong Anthropocene–geoheritage relationship is linked to communication of Anthropocene-related knowledge and better research coordination. Importantly, geosites and geopaks themselves manifest human influence on the global geological environment, that is, their establishment among the Anthropocene-related forces.
Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes: a case control study, Nyeri, Kenya

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of foot ulceration, making foot complications one of the most frequent reasons for hospitalisation. We conducted a case control study with 60 diabetes patients with foot ulcers recruited as cases, and 120 diabetes patients with- out foot ulcers as controls. Odds ratios were calculated as measures of association for demographic, clinical, and behavioural risk factors. Stratified analysis and logistic regression were carried out. Glycaemic control, nail care, and adherence to medication were poor among the cases. Calluses on the feet (OR 3.7) and a blood pressure (BP) above 130/80 (OR 3.05) elevated risk of developing foot ulcers, while appropriate shoes (OR 0.43), examining feet regularly (OR 0.134) and having a prescribed diet and exercise plan (OR 0.30) conferred protection from foot ulcers. No fungal infections (OR 0.2) and having appropriate foot care education (OR 0.30) were significant protective factors specifically among males and females respectively. Many risk fac- tors for diabetic foot ulceration are amenable to diabetes healthcare intervention. in the prevalence of diabetes has come an increase in long-term complications of diabetes, such as foot ulcers and subsequent amputations. It has been estimated that 10 to 15 % of diabetes patients will develop a foot ulcer at some point in their lives 6 and that the risk of lower extremity amputation is 15 to 46 times higher in people with diabetes than in those without diabetes. 7,8 Consequently, foot complications are one of the most frequent reasons for hospitalisation in diabetes, accounting for up to 25% of all admissions. 9,10 Diabetic foot ulcers precede 84% of all lower limb amputations. 11 The socio-economic burden incurred due to diabetes and related complications such as amputations are im- mense. 12 These include direct costs of medication, hospi- talisation, cost of treatment, and supplies. Patients and their relatives also incur indirect costs that may include time lost from work, loss of income from the patient and relatives, diversion of family resources from other basic needs, and premature death that has a great impact on the patient's dependents. The objective of this case control study was to compare the characteristics of diabetes patients with foot ulcers and those without, to determine the risk and protective factors for diabetes foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes patients.
ACL Assisted Security Mechanism Against Low-Rate DDoS Attack in SDN-Cloud-IoT Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A variety of issues with traditional IoT design, including complicated networking, data gathering, and quick response, are addressed by the combination of Internet of Things (IoT) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). Similarly, Cloud computing has been a major technology and Cloud based IoT (Cloud-IoT) networks are augmented with SDN to improve its functionality. However, SDN assisted Cloud-IoT (SDN-Cloud-IoT) networks also expose the SDN controller to a variety of threats. Attackers can use SDN's unique capabilities to launch severe Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. There are a number of methods in the literature for defending against common DDoS flooding attacks in SDN-Cloud-IoT networks. However, attackers are constantly developing new attack techniques to evade traditional detection systems like Low-Rate DDoS (LR-DDoS) attack. This article introduces discusses a method that not only identifies and counters LR-DDoS attack but also traces its source in SDN-Cloud-IoT environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: A Novel Class of Antimalarial and Anticancer Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Grammatical Relations in Chinese: GB-Ground Extraction and Data-Driven Parsing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with building linguistic resources and statistical parsers for deep grammatical relation (GR) analysis of Chinese texts. A set of linguistic rules is defined to explore implicit phrase structural information and thus build high-quality GR annotations that are represented as general directed dependency graphs. The reliability of this linguistically-motivated GR extraction procedure is highlighted by manual evaluation. Based on the converted corpus, we study transition-based, datadriven models for GR parsing. We present a novel transition system which suits GR graphs better than existing systems. The key idea is to introduce a new type of transition that reorders top k elements in the memory module. Evaluation gauges how successful GR parsing for Chinese can be by applying datadriven models.
Web server workload characterization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The phenomenal growth in popularity of the World Wide Web (WWW, or the Web) has made WWW traffic the largest contributor to packet and byte traffic on the NSFNET backbone. This growth has triggered recent research aimed at reducing the volume of network traffic produced by Web clients and servers, by using caching, and reducing the latency for WWW users, by using improved protocols for Web interaction.Fundamental to the goal of improving WWW performance is an understanding of WWW workloads. This paper presents a workload characterization study for Internet Web servers. Six different data sets are used in this study: three from academic (i.e., university) environments, two from scientific research organizations, and one from a commercial Internet provider. These data sets represent three different orders of magnitude in server activity, and two different orders of magnitude in time duration, ranging from one week of activity to one year of activity.Throughout the study, emphasis is placed on finding workload invariants: observations that apply across all the data sets studied. Ten invariants are identified. These invariants are deemed important since they (potentially) represent universal truths for all Internet Web servers. The paper concludes with a discussion of caching and performance issues, using the invariants to suggest performance enhancements that seem most promising for Internet Web servers.
Numerical modeling of the mechanics of the interaction of DNA nucleotides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The telomere plays an important role to protect chromosomes from interaction with surrounding media as well as its length can be an important factor for the age prediction of an individual. Therefore, fundamental research remains relevant. The given investigation provides a numerical experiment from the mechanics perspective. By applying the DEM, the dynamics of a simplified telomere nucleotide interaction is presented. The applied knowledge is considered from previous investigations where numerical modeling of the dynamics of the interaction of ultrafine objects was analyzed. The nucleotides interaction is modeled based on a Lennard-Jones potential, while for the force-distance relation the presented equations are integrated in time, giving values of distance and velocity in dependence on time. The work outlines the ability to consider the acting force values between nucleotides, taken from known physical experiments on forces. A comparison of different nucleotides interaction, with A/T as well as G/C is also given.
A Mancunian Gothic Sunday School: St Matthew’s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first instalment as part of an ongoing series for Haunt Manchester by Dr Peter N. Lindfield, exploring Greater Manchester’s Gothic architecture and hidden heritage. From the city’s striking Gothic features to the more unusual aspects of buildings usually taken for granted and history hidden in plain sight, a variety of locations will be explored and visited over the course of 2020.
Biological Activities and Cytotoxicity of Diterpenes from Copaifera spp. Oleoresins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Copaifera spp. are Amazonian species widely studied and whose oleoresins are used by local people for various medicinal purposes. However, a detailed study of the activity of the main phytochemical components of these oleoresins remains to be done. Here, we studied the cytotoxicity and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of six diterpene acids: copalic, 3-hydroxy-copalic, 3-acetoxy-copalic, hardwickiic, kolavic-15-metyl ester, and kaurenoic, isolated from the oleoresins of Copaifera spp. The diterpenes did not show cytotoxicity in normal cell lines, nor did they show significant changes in viability of tumoral line cells. The 3-hydroxy-copalic was able to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase (64% ± 1.5%) at 250 µM. The kolavic-15-metyl ester at 200 µM showed high inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase (89.5% ± 1.2%). Among the diterpenes tested, only kaurenoic and copalic acids showed significant hemolytic activities with 61.7% and 38.4% at 100 µM, respectively. In addition, it was observed that only the copalic acid (98.5% ± 1.3%) and hardwickiic acid (92.7% ± 4.9%) at 100 mM inhibited nitric oxide production in macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. In this assay, the diterpenes did not inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α production. The acids inhibited the production of IL-6, 3-acetoxy-copalic (23.8% ± 8.2%), kaurenoic (11.2% ± 5.7%), kolavic-15-methyl ester (17.3% ± 4.2%), and copalic (4.2% ± 1.8%), respectively, at 25 µM. The kaurenoic, 3-acetoxy-copalic and copalic acids increased IL-10 production. This study may provide a basis for future studies on the therapeutic role of diterpenic acids in treating acute injuries such as inflammation or skin disorders.
Methods of concrete accelerated carbonation test: a review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Developing a method to predict the behavior of cementitious materials against natural carbonation, which causes degradation in reinforced concrete structures, has been an area of interest for researchers. Although the natural process is gradual and takes years to manifest, accelerated carbonation tests have been devised to simulate this process in a shorter duration. Nevertheless, various factors have an influence on the accuracy of these tests, in predicting natural carbonation, including CO2 concentration, humidity, temperature, type of cement and aggregate, curing time, and duration of exposure to CO2. This review emphasizes the significance of considering these factors when using accelerated carbonation tests to evaluate the durability of concrete and to prevent corrosion. Taking these factors into account can help ensure that designers estimate the service life of concrete structures accurately and that appropriate measures are taken to mitigate any potential damage caused by natural carbonation.
Towards a flexible data stream analytics platform based on the GCM autonomous software component technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Big data stream analytics platforms not only need to support performance-dictated elasticity benefiting for instance from Cloud environments. They should also support analytics that can evolve dynamically from the application viewpoint, given data nature can change so the necessary treatments on them. The benefit is that this can avoid to undeploy the current analytics, modify it off-line, redeploy the new version, and resume the analysis, missing data that arrived in the meantime. We also believe that such evolution should better be driven by autonomic behaviors whenever possible. We argue that a software component based technology, as the one we have developed so far, GCM/ProActive, can be a good fit to these needs. Using it, we present our solution, still under development, named GCM-streaming, which to our knowledge seems to be quite original.
Data associated with the publication "Study of inorganic phosphate compartmentation in Gephyrocapsa (Emiliania) huxleyi reveals differences in polyphosphate/phosphate content during naked to calcified cells transition"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Raw and processed data of G. huxleyi cultures and phosphorus assays necessary to repeat analysis in : Study of inorganic phosphate compartmentation in Gephyrocapsa (Emiliania) huxleyi reveals differences in polyphosphate/phosphate content during naked to calcified cells transition.
Internal waves in a wedge-shaped region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Green's functions are found for a line source of internal waves in a wedge of stratified fluid of constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency, and are used to discuss the diffraction of internal waves by a wedge in all cases when the vertex angle of the wedge of fluid exceeds the acute angle between a characteristic and the horizontal. Robinson's (1970) results are confirmed and extended. It is found that the diffracted waves are as important as the incident and reflected ones at all points that lie within a quarter-wavelength or so of either characteristic that passes through the apex. Also, in cases when all the reflected waves are inclined forwards, the diffracted waves lead to a positive backscatter of energy. When the vertex angle of the fluid wedge is less than the characteristic angle, the diffraction problem appears to be ill-posed, and, instead, the motion due to a vibrating body in the wedge of fluid is considered. A general conclusion is that the so-called ray theory for internal waves, in which the incident and reflected waves alone are considered, has similar limitations to the geometrical theory of optics. Both theories involve the assumption that the typical dimensions in the problem are large compared to the wavelength.