jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ordinary sacrifices: An approach to loss in democratic politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The focus of this dissertation is on how the concept of sacrifice might be used to assist citizens in better understanding and managing the losses they suffer at the hands of democratic politics. This work—by extension—highlights the place and importance that the concept of sacrifice has for democratic politics more generally. My inquiry begins with an examination of two traditional ways in which political theory has attempted to address the phenomenon of loss in politics, and I argue that both attempts have either largely failed, or given rise to additional problems. I then turn to three very different thinkers whose work helps to elucidate the concept of sacrifice and its place within politics. My analysis of Emile Durkheim emphasizes how political society as such depends for its existence upon the sacrifices of its members, thereby establishing a strong connection between this concept and politics. I then turn my focus to the thought of Georges Bataille whose work, on my reading, provides fresh insights into the nature of sacrifice itself. His singularly unique conceptualization of sacrifice as something radically separate from the useful provides the clearest picture of what it means to make a sacrifice; and consequently offers a serious challenge to those who would continue to understand sacrifice within the economic language of trade-offs. In my penultimate chapter I provide an original reading of Soren Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling which argues that his (often overlooked) figure—the knight of infinite resignation—provides insights into what can be called the moral psychology of sacrifice. The project then finishes with an examination of what a democratic society that takes the role sacrifice seriously might look like by examining the implications that sacrifice has for other important concepts within democracy—such as equality and justice.
A numerical method for problems in infinite strips with irregularities extending to infinity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) Finite Element Method is a combined analytic-numerical method for boundary value problems in infinite domains. The use of this method is usually based on the assumption that, in the infinite domain D exterior to the finite computational domain, the governing differential equations are sufficiently simple. In particular, in D it is generally assumed that the equations are linear, homogeneous, and have constant coefficients. In this article, an extension of the DtN method is proposed, which can be applied to elliptic problems with "irregularities" in the exterior domain D, such as (a) inhomogeneities, (b) variable coefficients, and (c) nonlinearities. This method is based on iterative "regularization" of the problem in D, and on the efficient treatment of infinite-domain integrals. Semi-infinite strip problems are used for illustrating the method. Convergence of the iterative process is analyzed both theoretically and numerically. Nonuniformity difficulties and a way to overcome them are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 14:233–249, 1998
Direct Link Aware Cooperative Relaying

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cooperative relaying strategies enable spatial diversity gains. Using a proper forwarding strategy, these techniques can achieve diversity order as high as the number of diverse paths. We derive a strategy named Direct Link-Aware Relaying \n(DLA), which uses the source-destination link status as a condition to forward or not the signal at the relay. DLA is shown \nto achieve full diversity and to save energy compared to decodeand-forward strategies. Compared to selective-forwarding, DLA overcomes the use of error detection codes. Extension to the Multi-Branch case is developed. Simulations corroborate our analytical claims.
Establishment of Immunofluorescence assay for detecting kinectin autoantibody based on kinectin-transfected HepG2 cell line

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

目的 探讨kinectin蛋白在真核细胞的定位,并建立kinectin抗体免疫荧光检测方法(IFA).方法从人喉癌上皮细胞(HepG2)抽提RNA,用逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增kinectin编码区序列,并连接到真核表达载体pEGFP-C2中;将构建的pEGFP-kinectin载体导入HepG2细胞中,在荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的荧光及其细胞定位.然后,用此转染细胞制成的底片,建立检测kinectin抗体的IFA.同时用IFA对51名正常人及46例白塞病(BD)患者血清进行初步检测.结果经EcoRI单酶切和测序证实,成功地构建了表达kinectin的真核表达载体; pEGFP-kinectin载体转染的细胞经3次克隆筛选后,100%的细胞胞浆内发出特征性荧光.用kinectin抗体阳性血清染色,也得到类似特征的荧光.IFA检测显示,BD患者kinectin抗体的阳性率为32.7%(15/46),正常人均为阴性.结论构建kinectin表达的载体可在HepG2细胞中进行表达,并成功地用pEGFP-kinectin转染的HepG2细胞建立了检测kinectin抗体的IFA。
Poverty Alleviation and Peace Building in Multiethnic Societies: The Need for Multiculturalist Governance in the Philipines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is about the twin challenges of poverty alleviation and peace building in multiethnic countries. It argues that alleviating poverty and achieving peace require the transformation of their politics and governance in multiethnic societies to become multiculturalist. This means making their governance responsive to the challenges and requirements of cultural diversity. Moreover, focusing on the Philippine situation, the paper stresses the urgency of evolving a cultural diversity-friendly political formula for the government to achieve the twin goals of peace and development, particularly in relation to its ethnocultural minorities like the Bangsa Moro of Southern Philippines. Part II of this paper discusses the inextricable link between peace and development, while Part III elucidates some of the political, socio-economic, cultural and security determinants of ethnic conflict. Part IV presents some features of governance warranted by the ethnocultural diversity of multiethnic societies, while Part V analyzes the Philippine situation using the multiculturalist governance framework. Part VI provides some concluding statements.
Transcervical Double Mandibular Osteotomy Approach to the Infratemporal Fossa

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: In this study, we propose an alternative to the traditional transmandibular lower lip and chin splitting approach for transcervical exposure of high infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space tumors involving the carotid canal and jugular foramen. The proposed osteotomy configuration allows improved rotation of the mandible and transcervical access to high skull base lesions.
CONTEMPORARY PLANETARY GEARBOXES AND THEIR CALCULATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increased demands for driver comfort and stringent pollution control measures have resulted in a revival of planetary gearboxes for road applications, due to their possibility to change the transmission ratio under load in synchronism with engine operation. Modern boxes provide as many transmission ratios as possible from the least possible number of simple component planetary gear trains (PGTs) by providing links between elements of multiple component PGTs. The application conditions decide to prioritize either the maximum number of transmission ratios, or ruggedness and reliability. Power circulation, hollow shafts, or complex planet carrier arrangements are avoided if possible. This paper deals with multispeed complex PGTs composed of at least two interconnected simple component PGTs controlled by brakes and clutches. Several variants of complex PGTs and the placement of brakes and clutches on external shafts of the gear trains are examined, and the transmission ratio functions derived. The kinematics of multi speed gear trains are obtained as combinations of two or more two-speed gear trains. An analysis of several contemporary gearbox layouts is provided together with the transmission ratio functions, together with an overview of the procedure for the calculation of creation of multi-speed gear trains is given.
Mutational Analysis of the Transmembrane Helix 2-HAMP Domain Connection in the Escherichia coli Aspartate Chemoreceptor Tar

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Transmembrane helix 2 (TM2) of the Tar chemoreceptor undergoes an inward piston-like displacement of 1 to 3 Å upon binding aspartate. This signal is transmitted to the kinase-control module via the HAMP domain. Within Tar, the HAMP domain forms a parallel four-helix bundle consisting of a dimer of two amphipathic helices connected by a flexible linker. In the nuclear magnetic resonance structure of an archaeal HAMP domain, residues corresponding to the MLLT sequence between Arg-214 at the end of TM2 and Pro-219 of Tar are an N-terminal helical extension of AS1. We modified this region to test whether it behaves as a continuous helical connection between TM2 and HAMP. First, one to four Gly residues were inserted between Thr-218 and Pro-219. Second, the MLLT sequence was replaced with one to nine Gly residues. Third, the sequence was shortened or extended with residues compatible with helix formation. Cells expressing receptors in which the MLLT sequence was shortened to MLL or in which the MLLT sequence was replaced by four Gly residues performed good aspartate chemotaxis. Other mutant receptors supported diminished aspartate taxis. Most mutant receptors had biased signal outputs and/or abnormal patterns of adaptive methylation. We interpret these results to indicate that a strong, permanent helical connection between TM2 and the HAMP domain is not necessary for normal transmembrane signaling.
Design of a battery pack for a Formula SAE racing car

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present thesis is the result of my work in Squadra Corse PoliTo during the 2018/19 season. The aim of this project is to describe the passages to design the battery pack for the SC19, the racing car which participated in the Formula SAE competition in the 2019’s summer. The thesis begins with an overview of the race and the team, aimed at illustrating the environment in which the design was carried out. The goals, the structure and every event of the competition are described to clarify the mission that the battery pack has to accomplish. The first part is about the target setting concerning each aspect of the battery pack. The influence of different assemblies of the car is considered, as well as the data collected in previous years and the comparison with the competitors. Moreover, the main constraints introduced by the competition rules are taken into account. In 2018 the team decided to adopt a Lithium-ion battery. This was a solution different in chemistry and shape from the previous years. The reasons why this change was confirmed in 2019 are explained. Different batteries with their configuration are then analysed. The work proceeds describing the thermal management system. It begins with the analysis of the previous season’s cooling system, followed by the optimization of individual cooling components. Track tests and bench tests representative of the working conditions are reported. The packaging of all the components belonging to the battery pack is presented. In detail, the module design, considering electrical connections and sensor positioning, is illustrated. The thesis concludes with the description of the procedures to produce the accumulator container and cover, starting from the material choice and ending with the mould design and the final handmade production.
Disparity in Prevalence of Self-Reported Visual Impairment in Older Adults Among U.S. Race-Ethnic Subgroups

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in the United States (US) has not been carefully examined by race-ethnic subgroups. This study examines self-reported VI prevalence in race-ethnic subgroups using data representative of the US population age ≥45 years.
Possibilities and Limitations of Interreligious Scripture Reading

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interreligious hermeneutics is an area of research which has developed rapidly in recent years. Studies include both general discussions about hermeneutical and methodological issues related to interreligious encounters, and more specific discussions of the interreligious engagement with religious scriptures. This article focuses on the latter, and more specifically on the contribution of interreligious scriptural reading to the practice of dialogue. It discusses how, and to what extent, reading and studying scriptures of another religious tradition than one’s own could contribute constructively in the context of interreligious dialogue. The discussion is based on an analysis of empirical examples of Thai Buddhist readings of Old Testament wisdom texts.
Effects of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Agronomic Traits of Beet Cv. Sonja under Dsa (Hot Summer Continental) Climatic conditions of Naqadeh Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants need different macro and micro nutrient elements to grow and reproduce. Their malnutrition results in unhealthy growth. The soils of Naqadeh area, Iran are deficient in micronutrient elements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of micronutrients application on some qualitative and quantitative parameters of economically important monogerm sugar beet cv. Sonja. The plants were foliar sprayed with iron, boron, zinc, and manganese. The studied traits were potassium, sodium, nitrogen, extraction coefficient, sugar percent, recoverable sugar, alkalinity, molasses, root yield, and white sugar recovery yield. The effect of micronutrients was significant on all studied traits. The highest extraction coefficient of 89.31 was related to the foliar application of iron (Fe) and the highest recoverable sugar percent (16.91%) was obtained from Zn application. Also, the highest mean root yield (74.120 t ha-1) and white sugar yield (12.137 t ha-1) were noted after foliar treatments of boron (B) and Fe, respectively.
Compositional Game Theory, Compositionally

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a new compositional approach to compositional game theory (CGT) based upon Arrows, a concept originally from functional programming, closely related to Tambara modules, and operators to build new Arrows from old. We model equilibria as a bimodule over an Arrow and define an operator to build a new Arrow from such a bimodule over an existing Arrow. We also model strategies as graded Arrows and define an operator which builds a new Arrow by taking the colimit of a graded Arrow. A final operator builds a graded Arrow from a graded bimodule. We use this compositional approach to CGT to show how known and previously unknown variants of open games can be proven to form symmetric monoidal categories.
Mortality Rate of Japanese Twins and Triplets II. Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Infant Deaths of Twins After Birth to One Year of Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The rates of infant mortality of twin individuals were 4.38% and 7.76% for mothers healthy and nonhealthy after delivery, respectively, and the difference is significant at the 0.01 level. The lowest infant mortality rate was seen in the mothers with paid work during pregnancy (4.56%), followed by the mothers engaged only in housekeeping (4.72%) and by those self-employed during the pregnancy (4.99%). Infant mortality rate for MZ twins decreased with increased monthly expenditure of the household, whereas the rate for DZ twins remained constant with expenditure. Socioeconomic factors still affect the infant mortality of twins, and the infant mortality rate can be improved.
COVID-19-induced Returns, Attention, Sentiments and Social Isolation: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article develops a dynamic panel model to examine the association among coronavirus outbreak, investor attention, social isolation, investor sentiments and stock returns in the German Stock exchange. The results of the two-step GMM estimator show a significant effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange after controlling for calendar anomalies, meteorological conditions, country-specific factors and oil returns. Results also show that a higher level of stock returns during social isolation (lockdown period) is explained by investor attention to buy underpriced stocks. Thus, temporary social isolation enhances an investor’s ability to make better investment decisions. Investor sentiment indicators (momentum and liquidity) are also positively associated with the stock return and partially mediate the COVID-returns link, but they have no direct effect on investor attention. The stock market attracts investor attention under good news shocks (recovered cases) when investor sentiments are optimistic. Our results are robust across the transparency level of firms and their size.
THE TRAUMA OF RAPE AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Criminal justice system practitioners have only recently become aware of the impact of crime on its victims and how insensitive responses by law enforcement, prosecutional, and judicial officials may compound the trauma. This article de scribes research on reaction and recovery patterns in rape victims, provides an explanation of the trauma reaction that most frequently occurs, and discusses impli cations for the criminal justice system. Finally, recommendations for the protection of rights of victims are presented.
Electromagnetic dynamics of magnetized accretion disks with strong collisional coupling of neutrals with ions and dust grains

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electromagnetic dynamics of multicomponent collisional magnetized accretion disks is considered. The sufficiently ionized regions of the disk are explored where there is the strong collisional coupling of neutrals with ions and dust grains simultaneously. The stationary state is investigated in detail and the azimuthal and radial velocities of species are found. It is obtained that due to collisions, neutrals, dust grains, and electrons drift inward and ions drift outward. The general solutions for the perturbed velocities of species with collisional and thermal effects are derived. The effect of perturbation of collisional frequencies due to the density perturbations of charged species and neutrals is taken into account. It is shown that the dust grains can be involved in the fast electromagnetic perturbations induced by ions and electrons via the strong collisions with neutrals having the strong collisional coupling with ions. The dispersion relations for axisymmetric perturbations are derived and unstable solutions due to different background velocities of species are found. The growth rates of the considered streaming instabilities can be much larger than the Keplerian frequency.
Online academic learning beliefs and strategies: a comparison of preservice and in-service early childhood teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study explored preservice and in-service early childhood teachers' online academic learning beliefs and strategies. Design/methodology/approach Two hundred preservice and in-service teachers respectively from Taiwan participated in this research. A focus group discussion was carried out concerning the development of the questionnaires. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good construct validity and reliabilities of the survey. Findings The survey results showed that in-service teachers generally held more sophisticated learning beliefs than the preservice teachers in all scales. Also, in-service teachers responded with a higher level of online academic learning strategies than the preservice teachers did. Regarding their online experiences, preservice teachers who spent an appropriate amount of time online had more positive beliefs than those with excessive online experiences. However, preservice teachers did not reveal employment of their ICT literacy in their online academic learning strategies. It was found that those in-service teachers with more online learning experience also showed higher levels of online academic learning beliefs. They used more deep strategies in their online academic learning. Practical implications The findings of this study could provide insights for the development of online academic learning ability in preschool teacher training programs. Originality/value (1) In-service teachers generally held more sophisticated learning beliefs than the preservice teachers. (2) Preservice teachers who spent an appropriate amount of time online had more positive beliefs than those with excessive online experiences. (3) Preservice teachers did not reveal employment of their ICT literacy in their online academic learning strategies. (4) In-service teachers with more online learning experience also showed higher levels of online academic learning beliefs. They used more deep strategies in their online academic learning.
Future Directions for Mathematical, Computational, &amp; Digital Methods in Suicide Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and is one of the most devastating, complex, and perplexing of all human behaviors. Unfortunately, despite centuries of scientific and scholarly inquiry, suicidal thoughts and behaviors remain exceedingly difficult to understand, predict, and prevent. Fortunately, recent advances in mathematical, computational, and digital methods are providing new opportunities to capture and model the immense complexity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In this paper, we first provide a brief review of existing literature and then identify four priorities for future research, including: 1) rigorous conceptual and descriptive research, 2) formal theory development and refinement, 3) measurement in context and over time, and 4) prediction of group- and individual-level suicide risk. Finally, we discuss cross-cutting considerations related to ethical dilemmas, enhancing diversity, and training the next generation of scientists. Together, these future directions offer an actionable agenda to guide the future of suicide research and make meaningful progress towards reducing its global burden.
Optimized design and control of an off grid solar PV/hydrogen fuel cell power system for green buildings

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Modelling, simulation, optimization and control strategies are used in this study to design a stand-alone solar PV/Fuel Cell/Battery/Generator hybrid power system to serve the electrical load of a commercial building. The main objective is to design an off grid energy system to meet the desired electric load of the commercial building with high renewable fraction, low emissions and low cost of energy. The goal is to manage the energy consumption of the building, reduce the associate cost and to switch from grid-tied fossil fuel power system to an off grid renewable and cleaner power system. Energy audit was performed in this study to determine the energy consumption of the building. Hourly simulations, modelling and optimization were performed to determine the performance and cost of the hybrid power configurations using different control strategies. The results show that the hybrid off grid solar PV/Fuel Cell/Generator/Battery/Inverter power system offers the best performance for the tested system architectures. From the total energy generated from the off grid hybrid power system, 73% is produced from the solar PV, 24% from the fuel cell and 3% from the backup Diesel generator. The produced power is used to meet all the AC load of the building without power shortage (<0.1%). The hybrid power system produces 18.2% excess power that can be used to serve the thermal load of the building. The proposed hybrid power system is sustainable, economically viable and environmentally friendly: High renewable fraction (66.1%), low levelized cost of energy (92 $/MWh), and low carbon dioxide emissions (24 kg CO2/MWh) are achieved.