jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phase evolution of CoCrCuFeNiSix high-entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the phase evolution and properties of CoCrCuFeNiSix (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 atomic ratios) high entropy alloys prepared by powder metallurgy route is investigated. The x-ray diffraction analysis reveals the presence of mixed phases of the face-centered and body-centered cubic phase after 20 h of milling. The addition of Si (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) favors the formation of the body-centered cubic structure during mechanical alloying. However, heating during spark plasma sintering encourages the transformation of the body-centered phases evolved after mechanical alloying to the face-centered and sigma phases. The microhardness value of CoCrCuFeNiSi0.9 high entropy alloy increased about 55% than the CoCrCuFeNi alloy. Furthermore, the enhancement in wear resistance from 0.230 km mm−3 for CoCrCuFeNi to 0.933 km mm−3 for CoCrCuFeNiSi0.9 alloys are observed with the Si addition. Additionally, corrosion resistance in potentiodynamic polarization measurement also enhanced with Si addition.
[Evaluation of kidney function in patients before and after orthotopic liver transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subjects before and after orthotopic transplantation of the liver develop frequently renal disorders. Evaluation of the renal function based on the serum creatinine concentration or its clearance is difficult in these cases because the concurrent hyperbilirubinaemia usually interferes with the method used for creatinine assessment (based on Jaffé's positive chromogen) and gives incorrect lower values. In the submitted work the authors investigated the development of the serum creatinine concentration and serum bilirubin concentration in 50 subjects before and one year after transplantation of the liver. The findings suggest that although under conditions of hyperbilirubinaemia creatinine cannot be evaluated by the usual methods, it is possible to obtain clinically useful information by investigating the trend of the relationship of creatinine and bilirubin. A decline of bilirubin is associated with a rise of creatinine which need not imply a decline of renal function, as long as creatinine does not exceed the upper range of normal values. Conversely the rise of bilirubin associated with a drop of creatinine need not imply improved renal function. In the investigated group one year after transplantation of the liver an impaired renal function (creatinine > 105 mumol/l) at a normal bilirubin level (< 21 mumol/l) in 17 (49%) subjects was found. In 7 (64%) subjects with hyperbilirubinaemia the creatinine value was within a normal range--this finding however does not rule out reduced renal function. Evaluation of renal function with concurrent hyperbilirubinaemia calls for more accurate methods. With regard to the mentioned findings however investigation of the trend creatinine/bilirubin makes it possible to evaluate the dynamics of changes of renal function.
Patient and physiotherapist perceptions of the Getting Recovery Right After Neck Dissection (GRRAND) rehabilitation intervention: a qualitative interview study embedded within a feasibility trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective The Getting Recovery Right After Neck Dissection (GRRAND) intervention is a physiotherapy programme for patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone neck dissection. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand if the intervention was useful, acceptable and whether it was feasible to conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Design This qualitative study was embedded within the GRRAND-Feasibility (GRRAND-F) Study. Setting Participants were recruited from four acute National Health Service hospitals in England between 2020 and 2021. Participants We interviewed four usual care and four intervention patient-participants from a single study site (Oxford). Six were male, two were female. All were white British ethnicity. We interviewed two physiotherapists from Oxford who delivered the GRRAND-F intervention, and physiotherapists from Birmingham, Poole and Norwich who were trained to deliver the intervention but were not able to deliver it within the study time frame. Results The analysis identified five themes: (1) Acceptability, (2) Adherence, (3) Outcomes, (4) Feasibility and (5) Stand-alone themes (prehabilitation, video consultations, healthcare use). Patient-participants and physiotherapist-participants agreed that usual care was not meeting patients’ rehabilitation needs. The GRRAND intervention provided biopsychosocial support. In comparison to the usual care group, patient-participants who received the intervention were more confident that they could perform rehabilitation exercises and were more motivated to engage in long-term adaptive behaviour change. Physiotherapists felt they needed more administrative support to participate in an RCT. Conclusion Participants felt that usual care was insufficient. GRRAND provided much needed, biopsychosocial support to patients. Participants were supportive that it would be feasible to test GRRAND in an RCT. Trial registration number ISRCTN11979997 .
Forecasting Life Expectancy and Mortality in Sweden – Some Comments on Methodological Problems and Potential Approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since mortality is affected by innumerable factors in society, an inter-disciplinary approach seems most appropriate. My contribution and point of departure starts from an epidemiological perspective and from the overall objective of the Swedish Centre for Epidemiology, i.e. to monitor public health in Sweden. An advantage of epidemiology is the close link to public health and medicine as well as its focus on analyses of risk factors and the search for causal chains between risk factors, diseases and mortality. Mortality forecasting is a well-established discipline in demography, but maybe less developed within epidemiology. Still, there have been attempts to forecast mortality within the field of epidemiology (see e.g. Wilhelmsen et al. 2004; Gunning-Schepers 1989; Gunning-Schepers et al. 1989; Kruijshaar et al. 2002; Conroy et al. 2003). Usually, epidemiologists have focused on estimating mortality for specific causes of death (Wilhelmsen et al. 2004; Conroy et al. 2003) but there are also attempts to predict total mortality (Gunning-Schepers 1989; Kruijshaar et al. 2002). A common application has been to predict coronary heart mortality based on data on risk factors, e.g. smoking, level of cholesterol and blood pressure in the population (Wilhelmsen et al. 2004; Conroy et al. 2003). Knowledge of risk factor patterns is therefore an essential element in epidemiology. The risk factor approach will be discussed later. First, some comments on the outline of this paper.
Platoon Control Using VLC: A Feasibility Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — The major benefits of driving vehicles in controlled close formations such as platoons are that of increasing traffic fluidity and reducing air pollution. While vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications is requisite for platooning stability, the existing radio communications technologies (e.g., the IEEE 802.11p) suffer from poor performance in highly dense road scenarios, which are exactly to be created by platooning. This paper studies the applicability of visible light communications (VLC) system for information exchange between the platoon members. A complete VLC model is built enabling precise calculations of Bit-Error-Rate (BER) affected by inter-vehicle distance, background noise, incidence angle and receiver electrical bandwidth. Based on our analytical model, the optical parameters suiting platooning application are defined. Finally, a SIMULINK model is developed to study the performances of a platooning longitudinal and lateral control, where VLC is used for V2V information exchange. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of VLC-based platooning control even in the presence of optical noise at significant levels and up to a certain road curvature. I.
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 activity in sera of patients with ovarian cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 activity in sera of patients with ovarian cancer Get access P K Buamah, P K Buamah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A W Skillen A W Skillen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 4, 1 April 1990, Pages 707–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.4.707 Published: 01 April 1990
Studies on T cell maturation on defined thymic stromal cell populations in vitro.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We describe an in vitro system in which positive selection of developing T cells takes place on defined stromal cell preparations, which include major histocompatibility complex class II+ epithelial cells but exclude cells of bone marrow origin. In this system, maturation of double-positive T cell receptor negative (TCR-), CD4+8+ thymocytes into single-positive TCR+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells takes place together with the development of functional competence. As in vivo, this maturation is associated with the upregulation of TCR levels as cells progress from double-positive to single-positive status. We also show that class II+ epithelial cells in these cultures are less efficient than dendritic cells in mediating the deletion (negative selection) of V beta 8+ cells by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B. For the first time, this approach provides a model in which the cellular interactions involved in both positive and negative selection can be studied under controlled in vitro conditions.
Presentation of A Cutaneous Granular Cell Tumor in A 52-Year-Old Man in Remote Australia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Granular cell tumors are rare neural crest tumors which predominantly occur in the skin. While most of these tumors are benign, malignant potential exists. Malignant granular cell tumors behave aggressively and are associated with poor outcomes. However, the distinction can be difficult at initial diagnosis. This case describes the presentation of a benign cutaneous granular cell tumor to a remote health service in Northwest Queensland, Australia.
Growth Analysis of Internal Organs on Line Z Peking Duck

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Performance test is the basic step in Peking duck breeding. The law and the characteristic of growth traits are contributed to breeding scheme. In this research,the growth rules of ten kinds of internal organs from line Z Peking duck were analyzed and the mathmatic models were also analyzed. Results indicated that windpipes were late-maturing while the other nine organs were early-maturing. The intestine and pancreas developed fastest in the early-maturing organs. Logistic function with the higher values of R2 than the other three was fitted for describing the growth rule of internal organs in drakes. While for organs in female ducks,the Logistic functions possed the highest values of R2 among the four functions except gall bladder and esophagus. Brody and Gompertz functions were fitted the best for gall bladder and esophagus,respectively. This study provided the key materials for duck breeding and management.
Prolactinomas in Men: Clinical Characteristics and the Effect of Bromocriptine Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Thirty‐seven men with prolactin (PRL) producing pituitary adenomas were studied to elucidate if patient's delay might cause the predominance of large tumours in men as compared to women in whom microadenomas predominate. We found two clinical subgroups; one presented with short duration of symptoms, dominated by local signs from the growth of notably large tumours, the other exhibited a long history of disease with hypogonadism as the dominating symptom. There was a correlation between tumour size and PRL levels. The age at the time of diagnosis showed no correlation to duration of symptoms, size of adenoma or PRL levels. Four patients with small adenomas, moderate hyperprolactinemia and short duration of symptoms showed signs of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Surgery or irradiation, performed in 14 patients, did not normalize PRL levels. Bromocriptine was equally beneficial in the two clinical subgroups, improving clinical symptoms and normalizing PRL levels in all but three patients. The study shows that the predominance of large tumours in men does not depend on patient's or doctor's delay, but on a high frequency of presumably rapidly growing PRL producing tumours. In the majority of patients, these tumours do not give signs of hypogonadism before the tumour is revealed by local signs of tumour growth.
Regulating genetically modified organisms: A case study assessing regulatory quality and performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the recent statutory review of the Gene Technology Act 2000 (Cth) (GT Act) and the Gene Technology Agreement as a case study of the analytical approach that might be applied to assessing the quality and performance of regulation. The conclusion is that by failing to apply an analytical approach according to the Australian Government's commitment to the Competition Principles Agreement, or take into account the results of applying that approach in developing and implementing the GT Act, there has been a failure to adequately address both the operation of the GT Act and its ongoing justification as a means of efficiently and effectively regulating genetically modified organisms.
Investigation of single, fixed-time artificial insemination in sows and gilts

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The studies included in this thesis evaluated the use of two single, fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) techniques in both sows and gilts. One method involved IM injections of 600 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by 5 mg of porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) and the other method was a 200 μg intravaginal dose of triptorelin acetate. Time of ovulation was monitored by ultrasound in a subset of animals. Both FTAI techniques resulted in sows farrowing within a short interval, leading to older and heavier pigs at weaning compared to controls. However, FTAI was associated with decreased farrowing rates, smaller litters, and fewer pigs produced per group in certain circumstances. The use of FTAI should be further investigated to determine why reproductive performance is sometimes reduced.
Life Cycle\nInventory of the Production of Rare Earths\nand the Subsequent Production of NdFeB Rare Earth Permanent Magnets

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Neodymium\nis one of the more critical rare earth elements with\nrespect to current availability and is most often used in high performance\nmagnets. In this paper, we compare the virgin production route of\nthese magnets with two hypothetical recycling processes in terms of\nenvironmental impact. The first recycling process looks at manual\ndismantling of computer hard disk drives (HDDs) combined with a novel\nhydrogen based recycling process. The second process assumes HDDs\nare shredded. Our life cycle assessment is based both on up to date\nliterature and on our own experimental data. Because the production\nprocess of neodymium oxide is generic to all rare earths, we also\nreport the life cycle inventory data for the production of rare earth\noxides separately. We conclude that recycling of neodymium, especially\nvia manual dismantling, is preferable to primary production, with\nsome environmental indicators showing an order of magnitude improvement.\nThe choice of recycling technology is also important with respect\nto resource recovery. While manual disassembly allows in principle\nfor all magnetic material to be recovered, shredding leads to very\nlow recovery rates (<10%).
Light hadron spectrum and quark masses in 2+1 flavor QCD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

CP-PACS and JLQCD collaborations are carrying out a joint project of the 2+1 flavor full QCD simulation. Gauge configurations are generated for the non-perturbatively $O(a)$-improved Wilson quark action and the Iwasaki gauge action using PHMC algorithm at three lattice spacings, $a\sim 0.076$, 0.010 and 0.122 fm, with a fixed physical volume $(2.0 fm)^3$. We present analysis for the light meson spectrum and quark masses in the continuum limit, which are determined using data obtained from the simulations at the two coarser lattices. Our simulations reproduce experimental values of meson masses. The ud and strange quark masses turn out to be $m_{ud}^{\bar{MS}}(μ=2 GeV)=3.34(23) MeV$ and $m_s^{\bar{MS}}(μ=2 GeV)=86.7(5.9) MeV$. We also show preliminary results at our finest lattice spacing for which simulations are still being continued.
Induction of acute necrosis in Walker 256 tumors in rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The destructive effect on cells of locally injected hypertonic solutions, resorption of which is delayed by some vasoactive agents, was observed in the skin and subcutis of the rat by Selye and his coworkers who described it as acute conditioned necrosis. The same phenomenon was demonstrated in Walker 256 tumors implanted in the thighs of female Sprague-Dawley rats. A strongly hypertonic solution of glucose was injected once in and around the tumor (when it had reached a mean diameter of 1.5 cm), and 5-hydroxytryptamine was given s.c. at a distance. This resulted in disappearance of the growth in an average of 10 days and absence of metastases 2 months after treatment in 84% of animals as opposed to a spontnaeous regression of the tumor in 4% of control rats.
Compellability of muslim witnesses in the syariah courts in Malaysia: Is non-muslim also included?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the importance and the instrumental role of witnesses in the States' of Malaysia Islamic administration of justice, particularly the Syariah Courts in Malaysia. Can a witness who refuses to attend a court hearing to give evidence after being duly summon may be compelled by a warrant of arrest to do so? Accordingly, this paper looks at the laws in the Federal Constitution, Criminal Procedure Code, the law of evidence and selected States' Islamic laws Enactments in Malaysia pertaining to the obligation of a witness to come forward to the court to give evidence as being necessary in expediting the administration of justice. This paper will also highlight some measures necessary to be taken into consideration by the Syariah Courts before invoking any action to compel the attendance of a witness to testify in court or when instituting contempt proceeding against a 'rebellious' witness. This paper will also explain why the obligation to give evidence in the Syariah Courts covers non-Muslim witnesses as well.
Surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory study of silver nanoparticles synthetized with d‐glucose

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The role of α‐ and β‐ d ‐glucose, and d ‐gluconate anion, acting as capping agent, on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was evaluated using both Raman and density functional theory studies. The particles were synthetized employing glucose, as reducing and blocking agent, in alkaline conditions. Capping agents were characterized through surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy together with modeling performed using silver clusters. Several geometries were optimized, and its energies and wavenumbers were calculated for each of them. Vibration normal modes from d ‐glucose isomers and d ‐gluconate were obtained and compared with those reported in bibliography, showing a satisfactory correlation. Comparison between experimental and calculated frequencies reveals a preference for d ‐gluconate anion acting as capping agent under the necessary presence of d ‐glucose on the surface of the AgNPs. The study of energies shows a greater affinity of d ‐gluconate for the silver atoms (above −1.3 eV for both geometries) than for other configurations of the glucose molecule (about −0.66 eV in the case of α‐ d ‐glucose).
Sleep stage scoring based on single-channel EEG using machine learning technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic sleep stage scoring is an ambitious task that gives clinical information on diagnosing patients with sleep disorders. The objective of this paper is to establish an automatic sleep stage scoring technique by utilizing the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and feature extraction algorithm. The DWT is to decompose the EEG signal into different frequency rhythms: Gamma, Beta, Alpha, Theta and Delta for each 30 second epoch. The Hilbert transform which generates spectra in the frequency or time-frequency domain is applied on the decomposed rhythms to extract the envelope based statistical features. The most relevant features are preferred by looking at the probability distributions for each metric conditioned on the sleep stages and identifying the features which gives greatest separation between the sleep stages. The Gaussian Mixture Model with Expectation Maximization (GMM-EM) based classification technique is adopted on the relevant feature vectors to assign each epoch one of the six possible sleep stages: Wake, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (N-REM) stage1 (S1), N-REM stage2 (S2), N-REM stage3 (S3), N-REM stage4 (S4). Automating the scoring process offers a way to diagnose and treat sleep disorders in a more robust manner.
SHORT NOTICES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access L'Expérience de l'Esprit par l'Église d'aprés la tradition syrienne d'Antioche. By E.-P. SIMAN. Pp. 352. (Théologie historique, 15.) Paris: Beauchesne, 1971. F. 51. S. P. BROCK S. P. BROCK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXIII, Issue 2, October 1972, Pages 579-a–579, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXIII.2.579-a Published: 01 October 1972
Effect of Virtual Reality at Exhibitions on Visitor Experiences Underpinned by Museum Studies: “Seeing The Past Through The Present - The Virtual Reality Of The Taipei West District Beimen VR Tour”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As technology never ceases to move forward, modes of visiting exhibitions and exploring art are also turning more and more diversified. In recent years, the rise of virtual reality (VR) has even broken the boundaries of "space", allowing exhibition designs and displays to no longer be limited in inner spaces. The theory in this case study is built up by visitor experiences. Using the project of "Seeing The Past Through The Present-The Virtual Reality Of The Taipei West District Beimen VR Tour" as an example, the questionnaire survey approach is taken to discuss the influence that the combination of virtual reality, culture, and history had on users, as a reference for future display designs.