jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Points: Confidentiality of medical records

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

IL-23 is required for the IL-17 response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but is not required for the early control of bacterial growth. However, mice deficient for the p19 component of IL-23 (Il23a−/−) exhibit increased bacterial growth late in infection that is temporally associated with smaller B cell follicles in the lungs. Cxcl13 is required for B cell follicle formation and immunity during tuberculosis. The absence of IL-23 results in decreased expression of Cxcl13 within M. tuberculosis-induced lymphocyte follicles in the lungs, and this deficiency was associated with increased cuffing of T cells around the vessels in the lungs of these mice. Il23a−/− mice also poorly expressed IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA. These cytokines were able to induce Cxcl13 in mouse primary lung fibroblasts, suggesting that these cytokines are likely involved in B cell follicle formation. Indeed, IL-17RA–deficient mice generated smaller B cell follicles early in the response, whereas IL-22–deficient mice had smaller B cell follicles at an intermediate time postinfection; however, only Il23a−/− mice had a sustained deficiency in B cell follicle formation and reduced immunity. We propose that in the absence of IL-23, expression of long-term immunity to tuberculosis is compromised due to reduced expression of Cxcl13 in B cell follicles and reduced ability of T cells to migrate from the vessels and into the lesion. Further, although IL-17 and IL-22 can both contribute to Cxcl13 production and B cell follicle formation, it is IL-23 that is critical in this regard.
Enzymes of collagen synthesis and type iii procollagen amino‐propeptide in serum from nigerians with hepatocellular carcinoma and other malignant diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein (S‐IRPH), galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity (S‐GGT) and the amino‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen [S‐Pro(III)‐N‐P] were studied in 24 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 18 with secondary liver neoplasms and 35 with other malignant diseases but no evidence of liver involvement; this latter group included 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, II with breast cancer and 11 with other neoplasms. Control values were determined for 60 apparently healthy Nigerians. S‐IRPH and S‐GGT were above the upper normal limit, defined as the mean + 2 SD of the controls, in all the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and all but one with secondary liver neoplasms, whereas only one S‐IRPH value and three S‐GGT values exceeded this limit in the patients with other malignant diseases. The mean S‐Pro(III)‐N‐P was even more elevated than S‐IRPH and S‐GGT in the primary and secondary liver neoplasm cases, but was also elevated in other malignant neoplasms; about one third of the patients with no evidence of liver involvement had a concentration exceeding the upper normal limit. A high correlation was found between the values for the three assays both in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and in the whole series of malignant diseases. The data suggest that primary and secondary malignant neoplasms of the liver have a high rate of collagen synthesis. The three assays may be of some value in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and secondary liver involvement in other malignant diseases, and in monitoring the treatment provided.
Development of brown rice whole grain food to improve people’s health

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice is a major food for people in China,and it is germane to people ’s health.Brown rice is not popular for people ’s major food because of its color and mouth feel.As is known to all,brown rice is a kind of representative whole grain food,and it can effectively decrease the risk of the chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus and therioma.This paper describes the statusof the brown rice whole grain food at home and abroad,the challenge in the development of brown rice whole grain food,and the research and development direction for brown rice whole grain food.
Quality Properties of HMR-type Pork Tteokgalbi Added with Red Chinese Cabbage Powder During Cold Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out to investigate quality changes in HMR-type pork Tteokgalbi added with red Chinese cabbage powder stored for 20 days at 5℃. The pork Teokgalbi was separated into five groups: no red Chinese cabbage powder added (control, Con), ascorbic acid added (A), 0.1% red Chinese cabbage powder added (R1), 1% red Chinese cabbage powder added (R2), and 2% red Chinese cabbage powder added (R3). The five types of Teokgalbi were tested in triplicate and assigned to one of five storage periods: 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 days. Increasing the amount of red Chinese cabbage powder in pork Teokgalbi was correlated with an increasing trend in WHC values, but cooking loss of pork Teokgalbi decreased. For textural characteristics, the addition of red Chinese cabbage powder reduced springiness and cohesiveness values, whereas it increased hardness and chewiness values of pork Teokgalbi. The a values of the groups with pork Teokgalbi containing red Chinese cabbage powder were significantly higher than that of the Con group. As storage time increased, addition of red Chinese cabbage powder decreased pH, whereas it increased total microbial counts and the TBA and VBN values of pork Teokgalbi. When red Chinese cabbage powder was added, total microbial counts, pH. TBA, and VBN values were significantly reduced compared to the Con group. In particular, R3 group was significantly more effective in delaying lipid peroxidation than the other treatment groups.
Bivariate Nonlinear Diffusion Degradation Process Modeling via Copula and MCMC

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A novel reliability assessment method for degradation product with two dependent performance characteristics (PCs) is proposed, which is different from existing work that only utilized one dimensional degradation data. In this model, the dependence of two PCs is described by the Frank copula function, and each PC is governed by a random effected nonlinear diffusion process where random effects capture the unit to unit differences. Considering that the model is so complicated and analytically intractable, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to estimate the unknown parameters. A numerical example about LED lamp is given to demonstrate the usefulness and validity of the proposed model and method. Numerical results show that the random effected nonlinear diffusion model is very useful by checking the goodness of fit of the real data, and ignoring the dependence between PCs may result in different reliability conclusion.
Differences in Civic and Citizenship Education Between Latin American and European Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research article is to determine if social and cultural capital are factors that cause inequalities in the level of knowledge in civic and citizenship education, between Latin American and European countries. To achieve this purpose, information from the National Study of Civic and Citizen Education -ICCS-, of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement -IEA-, of the year 2016, is used. Methodologically speaking, the Educational Production Function -EPF- is estimated and subsequently, the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique is applied to quantify the differences in civic and citizenship education and see how much they are explained by the characteristics of the student and their family. the school, the social and cultural capital. As a main result, educational inequalities were found in favor of European countries, and are due to a greater extent to differences in school resources, between Latin American and European countries, followed by differences in social and cultural capital, therefore, it is the European students who make the best use of and benefit from the differences in school endowments and in social and cultural capital.
Simulation of a mini adsorber for cooling applications

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the thermodynamic modelling and simulation of a miniature adsorption cooler (MAC), which is developed from (i) experimentally confirmed silica gel (type RD) –water based adsorption isotherms and kinetics data, and (ii) the mass, and energy balances of all components of the cooler. Combining all mass and energy balances equations, the thermodynamic approach has been extended to quantify the performances of the MAC in terms of load surface temperatures and coefficient of performance (COP). The simulation provides a test-of-concept for the design, development and fabrication of the MAC. The proposed MAC fulfills the following aims: (1) scale independence; (2) nearly free of moving parts; (3) relatively high coefficient of performance; (4) sizable cooling densities; and (5) fabrication from non-toxic environmentally-friend materials. The size (cooling capacity) of this chiller can be miniaturised with an amplification of cooling efficiency. This insensitivity to scale creates promising applications in areas ranging from the cooling of personal computers and other microelectronics appliances, to conventional automotive and room air conditioning, and, possibly, cryomedical procedures.
Superheated Steam Vacuum Drying of Rubberwood

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of superheated steam vacuum drying (SSVD) on the drying time and mechanical properties of rubberwood was studied. Rubberwood boards with dimensions of 1000 mm × 76.2 mm × 25.4 mm were dried at 86.7–89.3 kPa vacuum pressure (14.6–12.0 kPa absolute) and temperatures of 60, 70, and 80°C. Superheated steam at 110°C was injected intermittently to relieve stress buildup in wood and eliminate cracking. The prong test was used to evaluate the initial acceptability of the dried wood and the mechanical properties of wood were measured. From this study, the total drying time was reduced from 168 h to less than 20 h (MC reduction from 0.80 to 0.06 db). In addition, compared to the reference values shown in the parentheses, the shear parallel-to-grain, the compression parallel-to-grain, the compression perpendicular-to-grain, the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the hardness for the optimum drying temperature of 70°C were 28.87 (11.0) MPa, 59.09 (32.0) MPa, 21.09 (5.0) MPa, 101.97 (66.0) MPa, 9838.5 (9240.0) MPa, and 6475 (4350) N, respectively. Thus, the vacuum-dried wood showed a 32% increase in hardness, a 12% increase in compression parallel-to-grain, and an 88% increase in shear parallel-to-grain.
A note on existence and uniqueness for solutions of multidimensional reflected BSDEs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this note, we provide an innovative and simple approach for proving the existence of a unique solution for multidimensional reflected BSDEs associated to switching problems. Getting rid of a monotonicity assumption on the driver function, this approach simplifies and extends the recent results of Hu and Tang (2008) or Hamadene and Zhang (2010).
Numerical modelling of the dynamic behavior of gravel-rubber mixtures and their efficiency as liquefaction countermeasures.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Devastating earthquakes, such as those that recently affected Turkey and Morocco in 2023, are among the deadliest \nnatural disasters. In addition, liquefaction-induced damage induced by strong shakings further exacerbates economic \nlosses and elongates the repairing time for structures and infrastructures. Consequently, improving foundation soils \nand strengthening structural elements are possible ways to enhance the resilient capacity of a building to resist \nseismic forces. The main goal of this study is to numerically investigate the behaviour of innovative synthetic \nmaterials, made by a mixture of gravel and granulated rubber, used as geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) systems \nrelevant to the mitigation of seismic risk. To this aim, numerical simulations of a well-known and instrumented \ngravelly site affected by liquefaction during the 1995 Kobe earthquake are performed using a pore water pressure \nmodel implemented in one of the most popular nonlinear software adopted for dynamic analyses. The analyses were \ncarried out with and without soil treatment made by a mixture of gravel and rubber, showing the efficacy of the \nproposed intervention. The result of the study contributes to expanding the knowledge about mixture-composite \nmaterials and assessing the gravel-rubber mixtures (GRMs) as an effective mitigation treatment of seismic risk.
[Social and health expert performance suffered as a result of occupational injuries in the Khabarovsk Territory].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

nThe paper studied the rates of occupational injuries for various economic activities and medical and social characteristics of the disability suffered at work in the Khabarovsk Krai in the dynamics from 2005 to 2010. Analysis of the performance evaluation of disability suffered, first recognized as disabled, depending on age and disability groups.
Evaluation of Taste in Kanjang Made with Barley Bran Using Multiple Regression Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was conducted to predict taste of barley kanjang using multiple regression analysis between taste components and sensory score. In the analysis of single correlation, the correlation coefficient of proline, alanine, Methionine, lysine, histidine, lavulinic acid, -ketogutaric acid was significant in 5% level. On the other hand, the taste of barley kanjang was not significantly effected by threonine, serine, cystein, phenylalanine, succinic acid, arabinose, xylose, and sucrose. It was impossible to measure taste of kanjang with barley bran to use simple correlation analysis. The 93% of barley kanjang taste was predicted using multiple regression analysis with taste components and sensory evaluation scores.
Understanding interpreters’ actions in context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the organization of interpreter-mediated communication and demonstrates that interpreters, as autonomous social actors, continuously monitor and analyze the unfolding interaction and make moment-by-moment decisions about their actions. Drawing on a larger conversation-analytic study of audio- and video-recorded consultations (24 in total) between English-speaking doctors, their Russian-speaking patients, and bilingual interpreters (ad hoc and professional), I present a close examination of short segments from two such consultations and show that interpreters’ involvement is not limited to translation. The article demonstrates that interpreters’ actions are shaped by the demands of the interactional and medical activities they are engaged in. The analysis focuses on two kinds of interpreter involvement: first, their management of situations in which participants experience difficulties in understanding each other; and, second, their participation in a physical examination that requires a close coordination of bodily actions. In the first case, interpreters’ orientations to their normative responsibilities as translators may compel them to act in ways that are divergent from doing translation per se. In the second case, we see that interpreters’ participation in the interaction may be primarily constrained by the demands of the ongoing physical examination and so be only minimally responsive to the talk produced by the other parties.
[Value of calcium inhibitors in stable effort angina. Diltiazem versus nifedipine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Few studies have been devoted to the role of calcium blockers in stable angina of effort. For this reason, we undertook, a double-blind, randomized study with placebo, to compare the effects of diltiazem (D) and nifedipine (N) on the ergometric parameters of 20 patients with angina of effort and with mono- or multivessel disease. The study protocol extended over 3 weeks and included a reference stress test, 8 days of placebo followed by a repeat yesy, an then 15 days during which each patient received 180 mg of D and/or 30 mg of N in cross-over. A stress test was performed at the end of each week. The calcium blockers appeared to improve the effort tolerance, the duration of the ergometric test and the amplitude of the maximal ST segment depression. Diltiazem showed itself to be superior to nifedipine by the absence of side effects and by an improved cardiac performance on effort.
Comparison of adult health literacy of individuals related to two family health centers with high and low socio-economic level

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare the adult health literacy status of individuals connected to two family health centers with high and low socio-economic status. This descriptive study was conducted between May and August 2019 in Sanliurfa. Four hundred people who applied to these family health centers were included in the study. A socio-demographic characteristics information form and the Adult Health Literacy Scale were used as data collection tools. The level of adult health literacy of the individuals in the family health center with low socio-economic status was significantly lower than those in the family health center with high socio-economic status (p [Med-Science 2020; 9(3.000): 573-8]
Investment Activities of the Polish YMCA in the Interwar Period

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) appeared in Poland in 1918. Three years later, the American branch of the organization ceased its activity in this country. In its place the Christian Young People Association ‘Polska YMCA’ (The Polish YMCA) was established. This organization, although maintained contact with the centers of organizations in other countries, remained fully independent. The Polish YMCA was most active in large cities and centers of particular symbolic and economic importance for the Second Republic of Poland – Warsaw, Cracow, Łódź and Gdynia. The Polish YMCA was one of the most active and efficient social organizations dealing with physical education and sport in interwar Poland. It gained considerable popularity and was one of the most important institutions offering extracurricular activities for young people. One of the reasons for its success was its excellent material base. The Polish YMCA successfully built three representative buildings in the center of Cracow, Warsaw and Łódź in the interwar period. Their construction was partially financed by American funds. There were sports equipment, rare in interwar Poland, such as indoor swimming pools, sports halls and indoor tennis courts located in there. The Polish YMCA also developed the infrastructure of summer camps.
Food Density and Ranging Patterns of Gorillas and Chimpanzees in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Zaire.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diet and ranging patterns of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla graueri) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)were studied during the 1994 dry season in the montane forest of KahuziBiega National Park. A transect census was also made to estimate the diversity and density of trees in primary forest, secondary forest and swamp. Although the diversity of trees in this area was lower than those estimated in lowland tropical forest, more than half of the total 50 tree species were used for foods either by gorillas or by chimpanzees during the study period. A semi-habituated group of gorillas and a unit group of chimpanzees extensively overlapped their diet and ranging areas, but gorillas tended to consume fibrous foods qualitatively and quantitatively and to range in wider area than did chimpanzees. Gorillas daily traveled in both primary and secondary forest to avoid reuse of the previous ranging areas, while chimpanzees persistently range in a small patch of primary forest. The diversity and density of food trees with bearing fruits were higher in primary forest than in secondary forest, and both apes preferred the fruit species which trees appeared at low densities in the transect. The low density of chimpanzees may be owed to the small size and fragmented distribution pattern of primary forest in this area. The differences in foraging patterns between gorillas and chimpanzees may reduce ecological competition between them.
An image analysis method for assessment of prognostic risk in prostate cancer: a pilot study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fully automated computerized image analysis at medium resolution (1 micron per pixel space) was applied in a study of 17 patients with stage D1 prostate cancer. For this pilot study, patients were selected on the basis of very good or very poor outcome. This selection was made in the hope of identifying morphometric features that are useful in prognostic assessment. Nine patients with good outcome were alive after 7 or more years of follow-up and eight patients with poor prognosis were dead of disease in less than 3 years. All patients were treated with 125I seed implantation to the prostate and pelvic lymph node dissection. Hormone therapy was not administered until the time of distant failure. Routine hematoxylin and eosin tissue sections of lymph nodal tissue bearing metastatic neoplasm were used for this analysis. A minimum of eight scenes per case was analysed. Of 50 measured parameters on each cluster, five (gray level distribution, number of cell clusters per scene, bending energy, average cluster area and cluster polarity) were useful to distinguish patients with good outcome from those with a poor outcome. Thirteen of the 17 patients were correctly classified by image analysis (P = 0.044, Fischer's exact test). By comparison, flow cytometry of the identical tissue samples correctly classified 14 of 17 patients (diploid, good outcome; aneuploid, poor outcome; P = 0.009). Only one patient was incorrectly classified by both image analysis and flow cytometry, implying a complementary prognostic role for the two methods. The encouraging result, successful identification of useful morphometric features, justifies a larger study of unselected patients.
System-level Performance of Mos2Synaptic Transistors in MLP and DNN Architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Synaptic devices promise drastically lower power consumption in artificial neural networks vis-à-vis CMOS memories. In this work, we have demonstrated $\text{MoS}_{2}$ synaptic transistors in n-FET, p-FET, and inverter configurations. Accounting for device non-idealities, we have simulated the system-level performance for MLP and VGG-8 DNN architectures. DNNs are robust to non-idealities with $\sim$ 15% higher accuracy but at the cost of increased complexity as compared to MLPs. This work explores the complexity-accuracy trade-offs in ANNs for offsetting non-ideal device behavior.