jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Aging of Natural Ester Insulating Fluid using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SFC-MS)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Petroleum-based mineral oils have been used in transformers to provide cooling and insulation. However, there are increasing concerns over the persistence and impact of petroleum-based oils on the environment due to their resistance to biodegradation. Natural ester-based oils are considered to be sustainable alternatives, as they are biodegradable and possess improved fire safety properties compared to mineral oils. Here, supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) is used to study the chemical composition of natural ester oils and their behavior when subjected to aging experiments. Under the applied aging conditions detectable amounts of hydrolysis products (free fatty acids and DAGs) are evident in the aged samples. Furthermore, SFC-MS can also be used to simultaneously monitor the presence of other oil components, such as antioxidants.
Success factors and benefits of using business intelligence for corporate performance management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The increasingly amount of information coming from internal and external sources has complicated the decision-making process, and therefore, the performance management of an organization. Business Intelligence (BI) has proved to be an effective way to solve these issues by providing a faster and more accurate access to information by using dashboards. However, while many studies focus on the benefits of using BI on financial performance, very few studies have evaluated the linkage between BI and non-financial performance, even more; there is little evidence on the measurement of this kind of information. This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review to establish the state-of-the-art of business intelligence for corporate performance management (CPM). The findings also encourage the creation of a BI implementation model that integrates a solution for the deficiencies found during the research.
Optimal treatment of Helicobacter pylori with ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC): a randomized comparison between two 7-day triple therapies and a 14-day dual therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: We investigated two promising 1-wk RBC-triple therapies in comparison to the already well investigated 2-wk RBC dual therapy. Methods: We conducted two randomized, open, parallel group studies in 13 hospitals in the Netherlands. H. pylori-positive patients without active ulceration were randomized to 14-day RBC 400 mg b.i.d. plus clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. (n = 56) or to either 7-day RBC 400 mg b.i.d. plus tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d. plus metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. (n = 63) in study 1, or to 7-day RBC 400 mg b.i.d. plus amoxycillin 1000 mg b.i.d. plus clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. (n = 49) in study 2. At least 6 wk later patients were reendoscoped with antral and corpus biopsies for CLOtest, culture, and histology, and cure was assumed if all tests were negative. Results: Results from the studies were pooled. All regimens were well tolerated with only 1 drop-out because of side effects. Cure rates per protocol/intention to treat were 96%/95% for RBC-CLA dual therapy, 89%/86% for RBC-TET-MET triple therapy, and 93%/92% for RBC-AMO-CLA triple therapy. From 126 patients, a pretreatment antibiogram was available. Metronidazole resistance did not affect the performance of RBC-CLA or RBC-AMO-CLA. In the RBC-TET-MET group, 97% (32/33) with a metronidazole sensitive strain were cured vs 57% (four of seven) with a resistant strain. Of three patients with a pretreatment clarithromycin resistant strain; one failed RBC-CLA dual therapy and two failed RBC-AMO-CLA triple therapy. Conclusions: All regimens were well tolerated and achieved comparable and very high cure rates. Statistical or clinical relevant differences were not detected. All three regimens can be used as initial anti-Helicobacter therapy and can compete with 7-day PPI-triple therapies. More data are needed on the influence of antimicrobial resistance on the performance of individual triple therapies. The local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance will determine which regimen should be chosen for a certain geographical area.
FIGURE 2 in Anthrenochernes stellae Lohmander, 1939 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chernetidae) new to Norway

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 2. Anthrenochernes stellae, Lohmander, 1939, A. right claw with curved fingers (scale bar = 0.2 mm). B. tarsus of left hind leg with long trochobothrium (arrow). Photo: J. Lissner.
Ethnic Variance in the Epidemiology of Scoliosis in New Zealand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A manual and computerized search of orthopaedic outpatient records over a 10-year period (1990-2000) identified 386 new patients younger than age 20 years with a diagnosis of scoliosis. Patients were grouped according to race and their numbers were compared with predicted values calculated from New Zealand census data. Of the various etiological categories, idiopathic scoliosis and scoliosis secondary to syringomyelia showed significant ethnic variance. For idiopathic scoliosis, higher numbers than predicted were observed in Europeans and lower numbers than predicted were observed in Polynesians. Conversely, for scoliosis secondary to syringomyelia, relatively higher numbers were observed in Polynesians and relatively lower numbers in Europeans and other ethnic groups. The demonstration in this study of a low incidence of idiopathic scoliosis and conversely a high incidence of syringomyelia in Polynesians has led the authors to reconsider the indications for magnetic resonance imaging when patients of this ethnic group are referred with scoliosis that initially appears to be idiopathic.
Unlocking Large-Scale Crop Field Delineation in Smallholder Farming Systems with Transfer Learning and Weak Supervision

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Crop field boundaries aid in mapping crop types, predicting yields, and delivering field-scale analytics to farmers. Recent years have seen the successful application of deep learning to delineating field boundaries in industrial agricultural systems, but field boundary datasets remain missing in smallholder systems due to (1) small fields that require high resolution satellite imagery to delineate and (2) a lack of ground labels for model training and validation. In this work, we use newly-accessible high-resolution satellite imagery and combine transfer learning with weak supervision to address these challenges in India. Our best model uses 1.5 m resolution Airbus SPOT imagery as input, pre-trains a state-of-the-art neural network on France field boundaries, and fine-tunes on India labels to achieve a median Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 0.85 in India. When we decouple field delineation from cropland classification, a model trained in France and applied as-is to India Airbus SPOT imagery delineates fields with a mIoU of 0.74. If using 4.8 m resolution PlanetScope imagery instead, high average performance (mIoU > 0.8) is only achievable for fields larger than 1 hectare. Experiments also show that pre-training in France reduces the number of India field labels needed to achieve a given performance level by as much as 10× when datasets are small. These findings suggest our method is a scalable approach for delineating crop fields in regions of the world that currently lack field boundary datasets. We publicly release 10,000 Indian field boundary labels and our delineation model to facilitate the creation of field boundary maps and new methods by the community.
Navigating the system governance maze.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health care system governance today is a complex maze of concerns that assume a unique character in Catholic-sponsored multi-institutional systems. Most Catholic health care systems began with a common sponsor or mission and several shared services and gradually moved from separately incorporated entities to a system with few centralized operating functions but a governing body between the local facilities and the sponsoring religious institute. The next step was development of a managed system with consolidated services and centralized decision making. Now, many systems are attempting the most important and difficult effort--systemwide strategic planning. The phases described have required a rethinking of governance structures, and conflicts often arise during restructuring. Such turmoil requires many Catholic health care systems to develop a clearer sense of direction and purpose. To achieve their objectives, system leaders can use a governance compass that has five key points: Information. Boards must determine what they need to know, where to secure this information, and what form the information should take. Agenda. Boards must make reflective and intentional use of their agenda by reviewing and categorizing agenda items discussed in the past 12 months and establishing an agenda plan for the next 12 months. Structural mechanisms. Boards must decide structural issues such as relationships between system board and local boards, sizes of boards, and kinds of committees needed. Culture. Boards should reflect on their culture--values and traditions that have characterized them in the past--to assess whether changes are needed to strengthen or improve the culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Umbilical Cord Care Knowledge and Practice among Sample of Kurdish Women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Background: The mother's awareness and practices regarding cord care are crucial to the survival of the newborn. It's because infections after birth most commonly enter through the cord stump. Practices for clean cord care aid in the prevention of infections, which lowers infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding newborn umbilical cord care among Kurdish mothers. Method: A descriptive study was carried out on 202 mothers at mala Fandi primary healthcare centre during middle year of 2023. data were collected through face-to-face questionnaire interviews. It consists of socio-demographic characteristics, the knowledge, and practices about cord care. Data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 23.0. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were done. Results: Out of 202 mothers (70.2%) of the mothers have a good knowledge about cord care and majority of the mothers (89.1%) have cleaned the umbilical cord stump of the baby and (40.6%) using the techniques named clean cord base and surrounding skin at the same time. Most of the mothers do not use any traditional substance (79.2%) while most of the learned about umbilical cord care by their parents (50%). age, Occupation, Level of education, type of family and residential area were influential factors with knowledge regarding cord care. Conclusion: most of mothers had good knowledge and proper practice about cord care. Also, majority of mothers got information from parents and relatives.
Effectiveness of Virtual Teaching Tool on Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescents Affected by Flood at Uttarakhand: A Pilot Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Floods comes with devastating effects on individual and family worldwide. Flash floods are very common in India. Indian citizens have experienced a variety of floods at Uttarakhand, Kerala, Chennai, and Assam etc. The aftermath of floods can be seen on quality of life (QOL) and mental health as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims which should be improved. The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the virtual teaching tool (VTT) on measures to improve QOL and PTSD among adolescents who experienced flood at Uttarakhand. Methods: Mixed method research approach and exploratory research study, one-group pre-test-post-test designs were adopted for this study. Using a non-probability, convenient sampling technique, forty adolescents who experienced flood were selected from the Bhatwadi, Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. Tools includes demographic data, WHOQOL-BREF, PCL-5 and one subjective question. Results: VTT on measures to improve QOL and PTSD was administered after pre-test. The mean and standard deviation of post-test WHOQOL-BREF score 275.37±38.01 was higher than the mean and standard deviation of pre-test WHOQOL-BREF score 227.30±36.52. The mean and standard deviation of post-test PTSD (PCL-5) score 1.00±.00 was lower than the mean and standard deviation of pre-test PTSD (PCL-5) score 1.67±.474. There were no association between sociodemographic variables with WHOQOL-BREF score and PTSD (PCL-5) scale. There is a correlation in pre-test QOL and PTSD. People were afraid of floods, loss of lives and households, and there is acceptance to the aftermath of flood and ready to accommodate. Conclusions: VTT on measures to improve QOL and PTSD is effective and can bring the community change after among adolescents who experienced floods. Key words: Adolescents, flood, PTSD, QOL, virtual teaching tool.
Physical Reintroduction to MRI: Complete Understanding of MRI from Bloch Equations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent MRI technology and pulse sequences have become increasingly complex and difficult to understand. However, the Bloch equations, which are the basic principle of MRI, have remained unchanged since it was proposed in 1973. Here we have presented a method to numerically solve the Bloch equations to understand the principle of MRI. This method enables us to reproduce complex pulse sequences on a computer and to understand various phenomena related to pulse sequences.
A Critical Bibliography of Adam Smith

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This is the first modern critical bibliography of Adam Smith. It records all published editions, abridgements, popularizations and translations, together with a survey of the literature of commentary and biography that grew up around these published works. By combining standardized bibliographic information with critical assessments of individual editions, this new work provides an indispensable foundation for scholars seeking an understanding of Smith's influence and the development of economic liberalism.

The main bibliography is organised chronologically, allowing the reader to view the inter-relationships between different writings and texts. The introductory essay by Keith Tribe provides a survey of the diffusion of Smith's ideas through re-edition and translation, followed by a separate essay on the principle English-language editions. Each major language area is then dealt with in a separate essay by a recognized specialist, with particularly influential editions or translations discussed in detail. The editors have ensured that the international coverage is comprehensive, and is completed according to a standardized scholarly framework.
Signals of adverse drug reactions communicated by pharmacovigilance stakeholders: protocol for a scoping review of the global literature

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Signals of adverse drug reactions are the basis of some regulatory risk-minimization actions in pharmacovigilance, such as changes to the section of undesirable effects in Summaries of Products Characteristics (SmPCs). Reviews of the evidence of signals have highlighted that these are mostly supported by reports of adverse drug reactions or multiple types of evidence, but have so far been limited to specific medicinal products, time intervals, groups of adverse drug reactions and specific countries. The time that elapses between a report of a suspected adverse drug reaction and the communication of a signal has not been systematically investigated. Furthermore, difficulties in causally linking medicinal products to adverse events have been highlighted, but the elements of reports of suspected ADRs that authors used to support putative causal relationships have been rarely characterized.Methods: We plan a scoping review to chart the evidence underpinning signals in pharmacovigilance and the time that it takes to communicate a signal. We shall retrieve records from electronic databases, without language or publication restrictions; we shall apply backward and forward citation to adjust for variations in database indexing. We shall also hand-search the websites of 35 regulatory agencies/authorities, restricted publications from Uppsala Monitoring Centre, and drug bulletins in the list of International Society of Drug Bulletins. If websites do not report signals, signals will be requested from the competent stakeholder. We shall use the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence to chart and summarize evidence. We shall use VigiBase, the World Health Organization’s Global Individual Case Safety Report database, to determine the date of reporting for reports of adverse drug reactions. Plots, or pictograms (if appropriate), will be used to represent the time from the first report of a suspected adverse drug reaction to a signal.Discussion: We expect that the findings from this exploratory investigation will be useful in better understanding global patterns of similarities or differences in regulatory decision-making in terms of evidence and timing of communications, and in identifying relevant research questions for future systematic reviews.Scoping review registration: osf.io/jtv38
Stochastic dominance and mean-standard deviation analysis: some critical issues

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Stochastic dominance and mean-standard deviation analysis can be effective procedures for ranking risky alternatives that are expressed in terms of probability distributions of outcomes. However, the conditions applying to their use and their limitations need to be understood. These are set out in the paper, together with an extension that overcomes some constraints to the use of stochastic dominance analysis.
Intellectual capital: company's invisible source of competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the individual contribution of intellectual capital elements to competitive advantage. It aims to explore the extent to which intellectual capital elements can explain competitive advantage in Uganda's microfinance industry. Design/methodology/approach Hierarchical regression was used because of its capacity to indicate precisely what happens to the model as different predictor variables are introduced. Findings This study confirms that the three intellectual capital elements are strong predictors of competitive advantage and they account up to 44 percent of variance in competitive advantage. Their order of importance in explaining the variance in competitive advantage (basing on their standardized beta values) is: structural capital, human capital and relational capital. Research limitations/implications Only a single research methodological approach was employed and future research through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate. Furthermore, the findings from the present study are cross‐sectional, future research should be undertaken to examine the effects of these variables across time. Practical implications The managers of microfinance firms need to appreciate that the rise of intellectual capital in the industry is unavoidable, given the competitive and technological forces that are sweeping the twenty‐first century. Originality/value This is the first study that focuses on testing the individual influence of intellectual capital elements on competitive advantage in Uganda microfinance industry.
Rational design of N, C‐co‐doped Mo‒Mo 2 C heterointerface nanofibers for pH‐universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The development of high‐efficiency, non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) that operate robustly in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes is essential to replace costly Pt‐based catalysts. In this study, we present a novel heterostructure design: Mo‒Mo 2 C nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen and carbon co‐doped nanofibers (denoted as Mo‒Mo 2 C/NC NFs), fabricated via an organic‒inorganic hybridization strategy and subsequent hydrogen reduction. Our key material innovation lies in the precise regulation of the metallic Mo content, and thus the density of Mo‒Mo 2 C heterostructures, by controlling the aniline monomer dosage during synthesis. Comprehensive experimental characterization confirms that strong electronic coupling at these heterointerfaces effectively modulates the local electron density, leading to optimize hydrogen adsorption energy and enhanced H 2 desorption kinetics. Furthermore, the ternary conductive network, comprising metallic Mo, Mo 2 C nanoparticles, and N, C‐doped carbon, synergistically promotes charge transfer and inhibits nanoparticle agglomeration. As a result, the optimized electrocatalyst exhibits notable HER performance, achieving competitive overpotentials of 167 mV in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 140 mV in 1 M KOH at 10 mA cm ‒2 , with Tafel slopes of 81 and 86 mV dec ‒1 , respectively. This work differentiates from prior Mo 2 C‐based systems by deliberate multi‐component interface engineering and presents a general strategy for designing high‐performance, pH‐universal electrocatalysts through precise heterostructure control.
Optimal Coordination and Discount Allocation in Residential Renewable Energy Communities with Smart Home Appliances

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an optimal management strategy for a Renewable Energy Community defined according to the Italian legislation. The specific case study is composed by a set of houses equipped with smart appliances, that share a PV plant. The objective is to minimize the cost of electrical energy use for each member of the community, taking into account the discount achievable from government incentives with proper shaping of the community daily consumption. Such incentives are indeed proportional to the shared energy, i.e. the portion of the renewable energy consumed at each hour by community members. The management algorithm allows an optimal coordination of houses power demands, according to the degree of flexibility granted by users. Moreover, a policy to fairly distribute the obtained discount is introduced. Simulation results show the potentialities of the approach.