jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inferring food intake from multiple biomarkers using a latent variable model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Metabolomic based approaches have gained much attention in recent years due to their promising potential to deliver objective tools for assessment of food intake. In particular, multiple biomarkers have emerged for single foods. However, there is a lack of statistical tools available for combining multiple biomarkers to infer food intake. Furthermore, there is a paucity of approaches for estimating the uncertainty around biomarker based prediction of intake. Here, to facilitate inference on the relationship between multiple metabolomic biomarkers and food intake in an intervention study conducted under the A-DIET research programme, a latent variable model, multiMarker, is proposed. The proposed model draws on factor analytic and mixture of experts models, describing intake as a continuous latent variable whose value gives raise to the observed biomarker values. We employ a mixture of Gaussian distributions to flexibly model the latent variable. A Bayesian hierarchical modelling framework provides flexibility to adapt to different biomarker distributions and facilitates prediction of the latent intake along with its associated uncertainty. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed multiMarker framework, prior to its application to the motivating application of quantifying apple intake.
Seasonal temperature variations influence tapetum mitosis patterns associated with reproductive fitness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Environmental stress in plants impacts many biological processes, including male gametogenesis, and affects several cytological mechanisms that are strongly interrelated. To understand the likely impact of rising temperature on reproductive fitness in the climate change regime, a study of tapetal mitosis and its accompanying meiosis over seasons was made to elucidate the influence of temperature change on the cytological events occurring during microsporogenesis. For this we used two species of an environmentally sensitive plant system, i.e., genus Cymbopogon Sprengel (Poaceae), namely Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) Bor (2n = 20) and Cymbopogon jwaruncusha (Jones) Schult. (2n = 20). Both species flower profusely during extreme summer (48 °C) and mild winter (15 °C) but support low and high seed fertility, respectively, in the two seasons. We have shown that tapetal mitotic patterns over seasons entail differential behavior for tapetal mitosis. During the process of tapetum development there are episodes of endomitosis that form either (i) an endopolyploid genomically imbalanced uninucleate and multinucleate tapetum, and (or) (ii) an acytokinetic multinucleate genomically balanced tapetum, with the progression of meiosis in the accompanying sporogenous tissue. The relative frequency of occurrence of the two types of tapetum mitosis patterns is significantly different in the two seasons, and it is found to be correlated with the temperature conditions. Whereas, the former (genomically imbalanced tapetum) are prevalent during the hot summer, the latter (genomically balanced tapetum) are frequent under optimal conditions. Such a differential behaviour in tapetal mitosis vis-à-vis temperature change is also correspondingly accompanied by substantial disturbances or regularity in meiotic anaphase disjunction. Both species show similar patterns. The study underpins that tapetal mitotic behaviour per se could be a reasonable indicator to elucidate the effect of climate change on reproductive fitness.
Anti-sway control system of a rotational crane using a nonlinear controller

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report a new control system for rotational cranes using a nonlinear controller. Although rotational cranes can be expressed as a nonlinear dynamical system with infinite modes at high frequencies, it is impossible to construct a model the same as the actual crane. We therefore applied a method we developed to convert the nonlinear control problem to a linear one. The experimental results show that this approach is effective for control of rotational cranes.
Effects of Earlier Mobilisation on Critically Ill Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: An intensive care unit (ICU) provides patients with advanced life support, where they stay from hours to months to stabilise and survive.Early mobilisation has proven to be a safe and viable technique that provides hemodynamic benefits, avoids the effects of immobility and contributes to the best physical and functional outcomes for patients.Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the importance of early mobilisation (EM) in critically ill patients.Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature by mobilizing the descriptors: "Critical patient", "Early mobilisation" and "Nursing ".Were selected databases imaginable, between 2014-2020, included for analysis seven articles.Results and Discussion: Results and discussion: In most studies it was found that the general form, this practice provides increased muscle strength, increased maximum inspiratory pressure, shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, shorter hospital stay and better quality of life.The seven studies identified recognized the importance of early mobilization as it can facilitate the functional rehabilitation of these patients by promoting increased muscle strength and greater participation in daily activities, but some studies also identified challenges that need to be addressed.Conclusion: Early mobilization contributes to improve the patient's functional capacity and quality of life, both in the hospital environment and in the post-discharge period.It has been shown that patients who are mobilized early in a safe and practical manner have advantages in the face of the disease.This behavior helps to reduce muscle weakness acquired through immobility in bed and enables faster functional recovery, shorter weaning and shorter hospital and intensive care stays.
Complete mitochondrial genome revealed different taxonomic assignment of the fungus Pleurocordyceps sinensis (Hypocreales, Ascomycota)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Pleurocordyceps sinensis , a fungus originally isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis was sequenced, and assembled as a single circular DNA of 31,841 bp. The mt genome encoded 15 conserved proteins ( rps3 , cox1 , cox2 , cox3 , cob , atp6 , atp8 , atp9 , nad1 , nad2 , nad3 , nad4 , nad4L , nad5 and nad6 ), 2 rRNA ( rnl and rns ) and 25 tRNA, as well as 10 additional non-conserved open reading frames. Comparative analyses showed that mt genomes within the order Hypocreales encoded same number and synteny of conserved protein coding genes despite an obvious size variation among this group of fungi. Phylogenetic analyses using 14 conserved protein sequences revealed that this fungus may not belong to the current designated family Ophiocordycipitaceae but is more closely related to the species of Clavicipitaceae . The mt genome presented herein would aid to clarify the phylogenetic position of species of Polycephalomyces s. l. and also gave valuable information on reconstructing the evolutionary history of clavicipitaceous fungi.
Glucose Transporter and Sensor Mechanisms in Fungal Pathogens asPotential Drug Targets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Fungal infections are emerging as major health challenges in recent years. The development of resistance against existing antifungal agents needs urgent attention and action. The limited classes of antifungal drugs available, their tendency to cause adverse effects, lack of effectiveness, etc., are the major limitations of current therapy. Thus, there is a pressing demand for new antifungal drug classes to cope with the present circumstances. Glucose is the key source of energy for all organisms, including fungi. Glucose plays a crucial role as a source of carbon and energy for processes like virulence, growth, invasion, biofilm formation, and resistance development. The glucose transport and sensing mechanisms are well developed in these organisms as an important strategy to sustain survival. Modulating these transport or sensor mechanisms may serve as an important strategy to inhibit fungal growth. Moreover, the structural difference between human and fungal glucose transporters makes them more appealing as drug targets. Limited literature is available for fungal glucose entry mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive account of sugar transport mechanisms in common fungal pathogens.
Design of appropriate ICT infrastructures for smart grids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An appropriate infrastructure, or generally an appropriate solution does exactly what is needed - not more, not less. The present article systematically reflects the parameters with impact on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure design. Considering cost and vulnerability of ICT infrastructures, we propose to reconsider the structural parameters of any smart grid system according to the guideline 'as local as possible and as central as needed'. The presented comprehensive methodology departs from the primary requirements of distribution system operation. ICT infrastructure must be able to support these primary requirements. Additional services rendered possible by more complex ICT must have a justifiable cost-benefit ratio. Regulatory barriers hampering efficient ICT solutions are identified and improvement suggestions integrated into the design process. Application of the methodology is illustrated with the example of a German rural distribution system as a case study.
Control of a range of food related microorganisms by a multi-parameter preservation system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seventy-two process variables, based on a matrix of aw nature of controlling solute, pH, and the addition of sodium citrate and sodium benzoate were examined with a view t o devising a food preservation system for ambient temperatures. Growth of a challenge‘cocktail’ of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridiurn perfringens, was assessed in a Brain Heart Infusion broth based model system. Each of the controlling factors had an effect on growth. The addition of sodium citrate (2% w /v) and sodium benzoate (2000 mg/I) enhanced the inhibitory effect. Reduction in aw (1.00–0.94) and pH (7.0–5.5) in combination or as separate controlling factors increased any inhibition. Combinations of sodium chloride and glycerol were used as the controlling solute, and increasing the proportion of sodium chloride resulted in suppressed growth, irrespective of any change in aw or pH. Combinations of sodium citrate and sodium benzoate with a pH less than 6.0 and an a, less than 0.95 inhibited any growth during a 42 day incubation period at 37°C, irrespective of the controlling solutes studied.
Self-induced transparency coherent mode-locking in lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Coherent mode-locking (CML) is based on intracavity self-induced transparency phenomena and allows generating single-cycle laser pulses. We propose a new technique based on McCall and Hahn Area theorem, allowing to predict the main features of CML regimes, study theoretically the possibility of single-cycle optical pulse generation and provide experimental study of mode-locked regimes in laser with a coherent absorber.
The Development and Validation of a Measure of Mental Health, Help-Seeking Beliefs in Arabic-Speaking Refugees

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite reporting elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), refugees are less likely than other groups to seek psychological treatment. Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of negative help-seeking beliefs in influencing treatment uptake. The current study sought to develop and psychometrically validate a novel measure indexing negative help-seeking beliefs for refugees (Help-Seeking Beliefs Scale [HSBS]). In this study, 262 Arabic-speaking refugee participants completed an online survey consisting of the HSBS along with measures indexing similar constructs (self-stigma of PTSD and help-seeking, perceived stigma, negative help-seeking attitudes, and help-seeking intentions). Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure aligning with key themes identified in the literature: (a) Fear of Negative Consequences, (b) Inappropriateness, and (c) Perceived Necessity. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity, and predicted reduced help-seeking intentions. Results support the utility of a novel measure capturing a prominent help-seeking barrier in a population with high psychopathology and low treatment uptake.
WHEN YOUR HEART IS AFLUTTER AND YOU'RE WEAK AT THE KNEES: A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 49 year old gentleman presented to Neurology with a 10 year history of deteriorating mobility. He described an evolving bilateral foot drop from his mid–thirties, with progressive symptoms affecting his left hand, manifesting as difficulties performing fine tasks such as snapping his fingers. He also had bilateral sensorineural deafness. He was known to cardiology with a tachy–brady syndrome which had evolved into persistent atrial fibrillation not requiring a pacemaker. His mother had Alzheimer9s disease, with a “shuffling gait”. His brother suffered from childhood polio. On examination, he was dysarthric, with wasting and weakness of the interossei and thenar eminence in both hands. There was wasting of the calf muscles and of tibialis anterior, with normal arched feet. Weakness was present at hips, knees and ankles with marked symmetrical weakness of ankle dorsiflexion bilaterally.

Investigations

showed normal CK with a myopathic pattern on EMG. His ECG showed atrial fibrillation with left bundle branch block and echocardiography demonstrated biatrial enlargement. Given his presentation and family history a muscle biopsy was performed. This revealed numerous atrophic fibers and an increase in internal nucleation, with scattered cytoplasmic vacuoles. There was also a mild increase in type 1 fibre and abnormal Desmin staining. Sequencing of the VCP (valosin containing protein) gene did not identify any abnormality. Then sequencing of the DES (Desmin) gene was performed and identified a mis–sense mutation c.1346A>C (p.Lys449Thr), diagnosing a desminopathy. Desminopathy is part of the myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs). They are a group of muscular dystrophies, associated with myofibrillar disorganisation and accumulation of myofibrillar degradation products. Diagnosis is via muscle pathology and electron microscopy. Inheritance can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X–linked and rarely sporadic. Age of onset can vary between third and seventh decades. Patients present with progressive muscle weakness which can be distal, limb–girdle or scapuloperoneal in distribution. Cardiomyopathy may precede muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias may occur. Respiratory insufficiency, including diaphragm paralysis, peripheral neuropathy and spinal rigidity can be associated with some subsets. Desmin is a 53kDa intermediate filament which is involved in the formation of cellular cytoskeleton. Over 40 mutations have been described, the majority clustering in the alpha–helical head domain but there is also newer evidence that mutations in the “tail” region can lead to similar phenotypes.1–4 Recognising MFMs is important because of their myriad of implications. Although there is no active treatment for the muscular dystrophy, cardiac and respiratory interventions can be used. Furthermore, it is crucial to identify family members at risk and counsel them appropriately.
Misinterpreting ‘winning’ in multiline slot machine games

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

On multiline slot machines, 'wins' often amount to less than the spin wager, resulting in a monetary loss to the gambler. Nevertheless, these losses disguised as wins (LDWs) are accompanied by potentially reinforcing audiovisual feedback. A concern for gambling behaviour is whether or not players categorize LDWs as wins or losses, as miscategorization could effectively increase the reinforcement rate of these games. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether novice gamblers psychologically miscategorize LDWs. Forty-seven novices (undergraduate students) played 200 spins on an actual slot machine with credits, then estimated how often they won. It was found that the more LDWs players were exposed to, the higher their win estimates. In a subsequent 'think out loud' playing session, the majority of novices also verbally miscategorized LDWs as wins. We conclude that LDWs could increase the reinforcement rate of these games, despite not increasing the payout to the gambler.
Teaching with YA Lit: Visual Mentor Texts: Teaching Middle School Writers with Graphic Novels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preview this article: Teaching with YA Lit: Visual Mentor Texts: Teaching Middle School Writers with Graphic Novels, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/vm/26/4/voicesfromthemiddle30111-1.gif
Clinical trial subjects compared to "real world" patients: Generalizability of renal cell carcinoma trials.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6510 Background: While narrow eligibility criteria improve the internal validity of clinical trials, they threaten the generalizability of study findings to real-world populations. How similar is the population of patients receiving treatment for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) to subjects enrolled in pivotal trials? Methods: A retrospective registry of academic (Duke University Health System) and community (ACORN Network) practices was used to compare real world mRCC patients to study subjects in the landmark phase III clinical trials of the new, targeted therapies. Patients were compared to subjects who were treated with the same agent. Results: Of 633 patients in the registry, 438 received sunitinib, sorafenib, temsirolimus, or pazopanib; everolimus and axitinib were not included due to small patient numbers. Registry patients were a mean of 4.6 years older than clinical trial subjects (p <0.0001). With the exception of temsirolimus-treated patients, registry patients had poorer risk disease by MSKCC model (poor: 7.4% vs 2.9%, p<0.0001; favorable: 30.6% vs 43.8%, p=0.0004) and were more likely to have impaired functional status (ECOG >1, 8.4% vs 0.6%, p<0.0001). Applying the eligibility criteria described in the clinical trial manuscripts, 40.0% of patients failed inclusion criteria for the phase III clinical trial testing the drug they received (Table), 9.9% due solely to non-clear cell histology. Conclusions: mRCC patients in “real world” clinical practice are older and sicker than those enrolled in pivotal clinical trials. Over one third of mRCC patients would not have met eligibility criteria for the phase III clinical trial that led to approval of the agent they received. Application of clinical trial findings to dissimilar populations may result in patient harm. Research of mRCC drugs in general populations is needed to guide real world clinical practice. Agent used to treat mRCC cohort patients N Clinical trial used for comparison Patients meeting exclusion criteria (%) Sunitinib 289 Motzer et al, NEJM 2007 98 (33.9) Sorafenib 59 Escudier et al, NEJM 2007 20 (33.9) Temsirolimus 59 Hudes et al, NEJM 2007 44 (74.6) Pazopanib 31 Sternberg et al, JCO 2010 13 (41.9) Total 438 175 (40.0)
Edyta Roszko, Fishers, Monks and Cadres : Navigating State, Religion and the South China Sea in Central Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ce livre sur l’univers spirituel et la vie quotidienne des communautés de pêcheurs est l’aboutissement d’une recherche anthropologique de fond adossée à un long séjour sur le terrain (2002-2005) au centre Vietnam. De ses deux terrains devrait-on dire car Edyta Roszko a travaillé dans la commune côtière de Sa Huỳnh, sur le continent, célèbre pour son cordon dunaire et ses salines ainsi que sur l’ile de Lý Sơn (anciennement nommée Cù Lao Ré), située à une trentaine de kilomètres au large des cô...
What’s in a word? Using construal-level theory to predict voice endorsement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Voice endorsement is a pivotal means by which employees can influence leadership processes and the organization at large. Up till now, research on voice endorsement has lacked unified theoretical frameworks that can shed light on antecedents of voice endorsement in a more integrative way as well as help identify new and relevant antecedents in a systematic and theory-based manner. We propose that construal-level theory can serve as one such unifying framework and showcase this potential by applying it to voice endorsement. Drawing on construal-level theory we propose that when an employee frames his/her voice messages in a manner that is compatible with the psychological distance between the employee and the supervisor, the supervisor will find the employee’s voice messages easier to process and, consequently, will be more likely to endorse them. Three experiments using different manipulations of voice message frame and psychological distance, and a mini meta-analysis of the three experiments, provide support for our construal compatibility hypothesis and initial evidence for the experienced ease-of-processing logic. We discuss how our construal-level approach to voice endorsement can shed light on previous findings as well as open up new avenues for future research.
<title>Preliminary characterization of a new hybrid structure with CdTe: x-ray imaging capabilities</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new structure of a 2-D imaging system devoted to radiology. The detection upper medium, made with bulk cadmium telluride, is connected to the electronic 2D readout circuit through indium bumps. The 60 X 60 micrometers 2 electrodes, 100 micrometers pitch, are made on the CdTe:Cl detector with standard lithography and ion etching techniques. The silicon circuit is made of n X n independent integrated amplifiers with serial multiplexing readout. The feasibility of such arrangement is made with 64 X 64 pixels. The thickness of 900 micrometers is well suited for 100 keV x rays. Characterization is performed with 10 ms x-ray pulses. Due to electric field the charges are well channelled and high spatial resolution is available in addition with a very high absorption efficiency. The direct absorption of x ray in the readout circuit is negligible. It does not affect either the signal to noise ratio, or the lifetime of the silicon low level analogue ASIC. The presentation includes linearity, sensitivity, noise FTM, and dynamic image discussion.
Quality of Life Scores for Nursing Home Residents are Stable Over Time: Evidence from Minnesota

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quality of life (QoL) is important to nursing home (NH) residents, yet QoL is only publicly reported in a few states, in part because of concerns regarding measure stability. This study used QoL data from Minnesota, one of the few states that collects the measures, to test the stability of QoL over time. To do so, we assessed responses from two resident cohorts who were surveyed in subsequent years (2012-2013 and 2014-2015). Stability was measured using intra-class correlation (ICC) obtained from hierarchical linear models. Overall QoL had ICCs of 0.604 and 0.614, respectively. Our findings show that person-reported QoL has adequate stability over a period of one year. Findings have implications for higher adoption of person-reported QoL measure in long-term care.