jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Infected Persons—2002: Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1995, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); these guidelines were updated in 1997 and 1999. This fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the Internet in 2001, is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons. The goal of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based guidelines for preventing OIs among HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women, and HIV-exposed or infected children. Nineteen OIs, or groups of OIs, are addressed, and recommendations are included for preventing exposure to opportunistic pathogens, preventing first episodes of disease by chemoprophylaxis or vaccination (primary prophylaxis), and preventing disease recurrence (secondary prophylaxis). Major changes since the last edition of the guidelines include 1) updated recommendations for discontinuing primary and secondary OI prophylaxis among persons whose CD4+ T lymphocyte counts have increased in response to antiretroviral therapy; 2) emphasis on screening all HIV-infected persons for infection with hepatitis C virus; 3) new information regarding transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection; 4) new information regarding drug interactions, chiefly related to rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs; and 5) revised recommendations for immunizing HIV-infected adults and adolescents and HIV-exposed or infected children.
Quantitative Determination of Singlet Oxygen Generated by Excited State Aromatic Amino Acids, Proteins, and Immunoglobulins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Singlet oxygen quantum yields generated by excited state aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine), N-acetylated amino acids (N-acetyl-tryptophan, N-acetyl-tyrosine, N-acetyl-phenylalanine), and from selected proteins and immunoglobulins have been quantified by time-resolved phosphorescence measurements. A small, but significant, quantum yield found for proteins and immunoglobulins demonstrates that molecular oxygen can diffuse through the polypeptide matrix and can be sensitized by residues buried within the folds of protein structure.
Case for diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Childhood Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis is an acneiform facial rash that affects the periorificial area in children. The clinical aspectare asymptomatic 1-3 mm papules of, monomorphic, erythematous or hypopigmented in periorificial areas - mouth, nose and eyes. It's a benign and self-limited disease that heals spontaneously without scarring and specific therapy. Differential diagnoses include perioral dermatitis, granulomatous-rosacea, sarcoidosis, and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. We present the case of a 4-year-old boy, presenting papules in periorificials areas. Due to its low incidence and low number of publications we report the present case.
[Impact of sperm capacitation on various populations of human spermatozoa].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the purpose of evaluating the impact of spermatic capacitation on different spermatozooa populations, 49 samples of semen, before and after in vitro spermatic capacitation with Ham F-10 medium, were studied; motility of cells was evaluated according to WHO criteria. There was diminution of percentage of immobile cells, 27.8 to 20.0, as well as increase in population of cells with more mobility, 28.6% to 39.1%. Both difference were statistically significant (p = less than 0.05 and p = less than 0.005, respectively). These data suggest that spermatic capacitacion activates "in cascade" all groups of gametes.
Probabilistic graphical model based residential energy behavioral analysis on hybrid computing platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The accurate customers energy behavioral can be analyzed from large amount of data acquired by smart meters. Practically, an ideal analysis system should meet two kinds of data demand: fast with low accuracy and slow with high accuracy. In this paper, a hybrid computing platform to process large amount of real-time data is proposed to analyze customer's energy behavioral. The structure and function of the platform is introduced. A graphical model based power consumption characteristics analysis algorithm is proposed. The implementation of the algorithm on hybrid computing platform is introduced. With energy usage data, four characteristics of resident energy consumption models are clustered. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the efficiency of mass data clustering analysis and also proves the feasibility of the model.
A Review of Campus Recreation and Sport-Based Experience Literature in Higher Education Contexts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This rapid review was conducted to synthesize the empirical research related to campus recreation participatory experiences that was published between 2011 and 2021. To carry out the review, three databases (SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus) were systematically searched for peer reviewed empirical literature related to campus recreation participatory sport experiences. The results were then screened with predetermined criteria and 180 studies remained for data extraction. Data was extracted and trends were identified for discussion. When comparing the results to a similar review conducted on literature published between 1998–2010 (cf. Barcelona & Sweeney, 2012), the results of the reveal that the use of theory is becoming increasingly prevalent as scholars are more regularly providing theoretical frameworks, key constructs and discussing scholarly contributions. The review also revealed limitations such as inconsistencies with measurement and that most studies have been conducted at single institutions, which should both be addressed in future research.
Masudul Alam Choudhury: Islamic Critique and Alternative to Financial Engineering Issues, Comment by مسعود العالم شودري: النقد الإسلامي والبديل لقضايا الهندسة المالية ، تعليق: زبير حسن

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Financial engineering is fast becoming popular not only in business management schools but also as a speciality in higher level institutes of technology. In essence, it applies economic principles to the dynamics of financial securities comprising the instruments used in the money and capital markets. Financial engineers educate us on utilizing securities and other materials with a view to erecting the risk-return trade-offs with reference to the pricing of securities, hedging, trading or portfolio management. The techniques they use cover areas which broadly include investment banking, securities’ valuation and trading, information systems management, corporate strategic planning, swaps and derivative transactions. --
Lipid Effect on the Progress of Artificial Carious Lesions in Dental Enamel

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of enamel lipids on the rate of progress of artificial carious lesions in dental enamel. Lipids were extracted from cut halves of human tooth crowns. Artificial carious lesions were formed in both lipid-extracted and control halves in a lactate-diphosphonate system over 2, 1, 14 and 21 days at 37 °C. A twofold increase in lesion formation rate occurred in the lipid-extracted teeth compared to the normal teeth. The lipid component of enamel apparently acts as a diffusion barrier during the enamel caries process, and inhibits demineralization.
Artificial neural network–aided technique for low voltage ride-through wind turbines for controlling the dynamic behavior under different load conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

At the level of the electrical distribution networks with wind generation, the disturbances may influence the voltage stability, particularly during low voltage ride-through wind turbine. This research is concerned with studying the effect of implementing different controllers and load types on the low voltage ride-through dynamic recovery performance during disturbances. A conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller is compared with the artificial neural network–based one. The controller construction and its gain are proposed for each type of controller and the impact of each controller on the dynamic behavior of the low voltage ride-through is investigated thoroughly under various operating conditions. Also, the dynamic performance of wind generators is examined with low voltage ride through and different dynamic load models. Both, dynamic induction motor load and composed static and exponential recovery load models are considered. In case of dynamic induction motor load, the effect of the inertia constant has been studied under two types of controllers. The overall system model is simulated using PSAT/MATLAB software in such a way that it can be suited for modeling of voltage controller and loads configurations. The low voltage ride-through performance has been changed with different controllers and load types.
[Staged operation of multiple aortic aneurysms with myocardial infarction and stenosis of three coronary arteries].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 69-year-old man with multiple aortic aneurysms was admitted to the university hospital because of increasing the size of aneurysms. A coronary angiogram revealed three vessel disease (LAD at seg 7: 90%, D1: 75%, LCX at seg 13: 95%, RCA at seg 3: recanalization) and left ventriculography showed hypokinesis of the inferior wall. Staged extending operation was performed. Graft replacement of ascending and arch aortic aneurysms associated with coronary artery bypass grafting was done in the first operation. Two months after the 1st operation, thoracoabdominal and infrarenal aortic aneurysms were replaced by synthetic graft and the intercostal arteries (Th10, 11, 12) and the lumbar arteries (L1, 4) were reconstructed with synthetic bypass from the implanted graft. Postoperative course was uneventful and he has been well without any symptoms of paraplegia 26 months after the first operation.
Formulation of technetium-99m-aerosol colloid with improved delivery efficiency for lung ventilation imaging.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Static imaging of lung ventilation in multiple views or with SPECT requires a 99mTc aerosol which does not wash out during imaging. Commercially available 99mTc colloids have suitable physical properties but are inefficiently delivered from jet nebulizers. An in vitro system was used to compare the delivery of various 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals from nebulizer solutions. Delivery of noncolloidal agents (pertechnetate, pentetate, imidodiphosphate, albumin) was much greater than that of colloids. However, addition of phosphate buffer to an in-house 99mTc-tin colloid produced an agent that was delivered as efficiently as the noncolloidal tracers and which shows promise for clinical use.
Distributed computing problems in cellular robotic systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cellular robotic systems (CRS) employ a large number of robots operating in cellular spaces under distributed control. In this paper, the relationship between CRS and distributed computing is discussed. Two problems encountered in designing pattern generation protocols for CRS, the n-way intersection problem and the knot detection problem, are related to distributed mutual exclusion problem and distributed deadlock detection problem, respectively. Solutions to these two problems, derived from their counterparts in distributed computing, are presented in the CRS context.< >
Analysis of Admission Causes among Diabetic Patients in West China Hospital from 1996 to 2005

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the trend in the causes of admission among diabetic patients in West China Hospital from 1996 to 2005. Methods The medical records of diabetic inpatients from January 1996 to December 2005 were retrieved, and half of them were randomly selected. A questionnaire was completed and SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analyses. Results The most common causes of admission for diabetic patients were diabetic chronic complications (20.2%), infection (19.5%), hyperglycemic symptoms (11.7%), malignant tumor (8.9%) and diabetic acute complications (5.8%). The constituent ratios of diabetic macrovascular disease and malignant tumor as the admission causes tended to increase, while the constituent ratios of diabetic microvascular disease, hyperglycemic symptoms and diabetic acute complications tended to decrease. Infection remained as one of the main causes of admission among diabetic patients. Conclusion The main cause of admission to West China Hospital for diabetic patients from 1996 to 2005 was diabetic chronic complications.
Early onset obesity due to a mutation in the human leptin receptor gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Leptin is secreted by adipocytes in response to fat storage and binds to its receptor (LEPR), which is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. Leptin regulates energy expenditure and is anorexigenic. In this study, we describe the clinical and hormonal findings of three siblings with a personal history of rapid weight gain during the first months of life. They had delayed puberty, high levels of FSH (15.6 ± 3.7 mUI/mL; reference: 1.5–12.4) and LH (12.3 ± 2.2 mUI/mL; reference: 1.7–8.6), normal oestradiol and total testosterone and successful fertility. None of the patients had dyslipidemia, diabetes or thyroid disease. Next-generation sequencing identified a pathogenic homozygous variant c.2357T>C, p.(Leu786Pro) in LEPR . Their parents and children were heterozygous for this mutation. We compared clinical and biochemical findings of homozygous carriers with first-degree heterozygous family members and ten randomly selected patients with adult-onset morbid obesity. Homozygous carriers of the mutation had significantly higher BMI (32.2 ± 1.7 kg/m 2 vs 44.5 ± 7.1 kg/m 2 , P = 0.023) and increased serum levels of leptin (26.3 ± 9.3 ng/mL vs 80 ± 36.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028) than their heterozygous relatives. Compared with the ten patients with adult-onset morbid obesity, serum levels of leptin were not significantly higher in homozygous carriers (53.8 ± 24.1 ng/mL vs 80 ± 36.4 ng/mL, P = 0.149), and thus serum levels of leptin were not a useful discriminative marker of LEPR mutations. We described a rare three-generation family with monogenic obesity due to a mutation in LEPR . Patients with early onset obesity should be considered for genetic screening, as the identification of mutations may allow personalized treatment options (e.g. MC4R-agonists) and targeted successful weight loss. Learning points The early diagnosis of monogenic forms of obesity can be of great interest since new treatments for these conditions are becoming available. Since BMI and leptin levels in patients with leptin receptor mutations are not significantly different from those found in randomly selected morbid obese patients, a careful medical history is mandatory to suspect this condition. Loss of leptin receptor function has been associated with infertility. However, our patients were able to conceive, emphasizing the need for genetic counselling in affected patients with this condition.
Young Teenagers and Older Sexual Partners: Correlates and Consequences for Males and Females

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

RESULTS: Sex at a young age with an older partner was associated with not living with a biological parent at age 14 and Hispanic ethnicity for females and males, early menarche and religious attendance for females, and black race for males. Among females and males, first sex by age 16 was negatively associated with contraceptive use at first sex (odds ratios, 0.7 for each) and positively associated with a teenage birth (1.6 and 2.9, respectively); having an older first partner was associated with poor reproductive health outcomes among females. Among females, the combination of young age and an older partner at first sex was positively associated with having a teenage birth. Among males, sex before age 16 with an older partner was associated with more than twice the odds of fathering a child as a teenager compared with the odds among those who had first sex at age 16‐17. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should target specific teenage populations, including males, to dissuade them from having sex at a young age and with older partners. Also, prevention efforts should target potential older teenage partners and adult partners of young teenagers. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2006, 38(4):197‐207
Metabolic Pathway Involved in 2-Methyl-6-Ethylaniline Degradation by Sphingobium sp. Strain MEA3-1 and Cloning of the Novel Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase System meaBA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT 2-Methyl-6-ethylaniline (MEA) is the main microbial degradation intermediate of the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor and metolachlor. Sphingobium sp. strain MEA3-1 can utilize MEA and various alkyl-substituted aniline and phenol compounds as sole carbon and energy sources for growth. We isolated the mutant strain MEA3-1Mut, which converts MEA only to 2-methyl-6-ethyl-hydroquinone (MEHQ) and 2-methyl-6-ethyl-benzoquinone (MEBQ). MEA may be oxidized by the P450 monooxygenase system to 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-ethylaniline (4-OH-MEA), which can be hydrolytically spontaneously deaminated to MEBQ or MEHQ. The MEA microbial metabolic pathway was reconstituted based on the substrate spectra and identification of the intermediate metabolites in both the wild-type and mutant strains. Plasmidome sequencing indicated that both strains harbored 7 plasmids with sizes ranging from 6,108 bp to 287,745 bp. Among the 7 plasmids, 6 were identical, and pMEA02′ in strain MEA3-1Mut lost a 37,000-bp fragment compared to pMEA02 in strain MEA3-1. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and protein mass fingerprinting (PMF) showed that MEA3-1Mut lost the two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase (TC-FDM) MeaBA, which was encoded by a gene in the lost fragment of pMEA02. MeaA shared 22% to 25% amino acid sequence identity with oxygenase components of some TC-FDMs, whereas MeaB showed no sequence identity with the reductase components of those TC-FDMs. Complementation with meaBA in MEA3-1Mut and heterologous expression in Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 resulted in the production of an active MEHQ monooxygenase.
Free-volume evolution and its temperature dependence during rolling of Cu60Zr20Ti20 bulk metallic glass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The free-volume evolution during rolling Cu60Zr20Ti20 bulk metallic glass at room and cryogenic temperatures has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. When the specimen is rolled at cryogenic temperature, the free-volume content increases as the rolling proceeds first, and then saturates accompanied by the occurrence of phase separation as the thickness reduction exceeds 89%. If the rolling is performed at room temperature, although the free-volume content also rises in the earlier stage, it tends to decrease rather than saturate when the thickness reduction exceeds 87%, accompanied by partial crystallization. Phase separation does not change the annihilation rate of free volume, while the appearance of crystal/amorphous boundaries can enhance the annihilation.
SH2624614.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Non-conventional types of dysplastic changes in gastrointestinal tract mucosa - review of morphological features of individual subtypes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of the dysplastic changes evolving in mucosa of various segments of gastrointestinal tract is a part of routine practice. Morphologically different or non-conventional types of dysplastic changes are described in the mucosa of gastrointestinal tract besides the most common conventional type of dysplasia. Non-conventional dysplasias can arise de-novo or they can be found in association with chronic gastrointestinal conditions, such as Barretts esophagus, chronic atrophic gastritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Non-conventional types of dysplasia include serrated, crypt base of foveolar dysplasia and lesions as pyloric or oxyntic gland adenoma. Non-conventional types of dysplasia arising in inflammatory bowel disease represent specific category with broad morphological spectrum of changes. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive review of morphological characteristics of individual subtypes of non-conventional dysplastic changes with focus on differences and specificity in particular parts of gastrointestinal tract and provide a functional handout for daily diagnostic practice.
RTPS Middleware for Real-Time Distributed Industrial Vision Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Designing and constructing real-time distributed industrial vision systems (RT-DIVS) from scratch is very complicated task. RT-DIVS has conflicting requirements such as reasonable development cost, ease of use, reusable code and high performance. The success key in building such systems is to recognize the need for middleware software. Middleware plays a major role in developing distributed systems efficiently. Real-time publish-subscribe (RTPS) model is one of the latest developments in real-time middleware technologies. Network data distribution service (NDDS) is RTPS middleware developed by real-time innovation (RTI). NDDS is widely used in real-time distributed and embedded systems for mission critical applications. The research work presented in this paper discusses the employment of NDDS for RT-DIVS and the advantages of NDDS's quality of service (QoS) policies in covering the requirements of RT-DIVS. An experimental test set-up is used to verify the NDDS's performance for RT-DIVS. Tests results show that RTPS middleware (and NDDS specifically) is suitable for soft and firm timelines requirements for distributed industrial vision systems.