jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution and drug-resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in intensive care unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance of coagulase negative Staphylococus(CNS) in ICU,and provide reference for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Method CNS in ICU from Oct 2009 to Dec 2010 was isolated and identified by VITEK-2 microbe identification and drug-sensitivity system.Result A total of 189 strains of CNS were isolated,most of them being Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hemolyticus(71.42%);There were 122 strains of MRCNS(isolation ratio 61.5%),among which the positive rate of the β-lactamase was 100%.The drug-resistance rates to penicillin,erythromycin and oxacillin were 100%,93.44% and 91.80%,respectively,fellowed by paediatric compound sulfamethoxazole and generation quinolones.The drug-resistance rates to rifampin,fusidate,teicoplanin and Quinupristin/Dalfopristin were all low.There were 67 strains of MSCNS(isolation ratio 38.5%),with the positive rate of β-lactamase being 61.1%.MSCNS was sensitive to most antibiotics;No vancomycin-resistant strains were found among the 189 strains of CNS.Conclusion Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hemolyticus are the major microorganisms in CNS isolated from ICU.The isolation ratio of MRCNS is high and shows multidrug resistance.Vancomycin,fusidate,teicoplanin and Quinupristin/Dalfopristin are the first choice for MRCNS infections.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Lisfranc Injuries: A Prospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lisfranc injuries are complex tarsometatarsal joint disruptions, often resulting in chronic pain and disability if not accurately diagnosed and managed. This study evaluates the functional and radiological outcomes of various fixation methods for Lisfranc injuries and assesses their complications. Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study included 27 patients with acute Lisfranc injuries treated between January 2020 and December 2023. Patients were diagnosed using weight-bearing X-rays and CT scans. Treatment modalities included open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screws or plates and minimally invasive K-wire fixation. Functional outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score at 6 and 12 months. Radiological outcomes were based on diastasis and tarsometatarsal sag. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, Chi-squared tests, and regression analysis using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The mean AOFAS midfoot score improved from 78 at 6 months to 85 at 12 months. Screw fixation showed the highest scores (87 at 1 year), followed by dorsal plating (79) and K-wire fixation (72). Radiological analysis revealed better alignment (diastasis <2 mm, sag <15°) in screw fixation cases. Chronic pain (51.8%) and deformities (29.6%) were the most common complications, significantly lowering AOFAS scores. Conclusion: Screw fixation achieved superior functional and radiological outcomes, while dorsal plating provided moderate stability in severe cases. K-wire fixation demonstrated lower efficacy and higher rates of complications. Early intervention, anatomical reduction, and individualized treatment planning are key to optimizing outcomes.
Improved United-Atom Force Field for 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a united atom (UA) nonpolarizable force field for 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([C(n)mim][Cl], n = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8), a potential solvent for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The charges were assigned by fitting the electrostatic potential surface (ESP) of the ion pair dimers. The Lennard-Jones parameters of the hydrogen atoms on the imidazolium ring were adjusted to agree with the ab initio optimized geometries of isolated ion pairs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for a wide range of temperatures to validate the force field. Substantial improvements were found in both the dynamical properties and the fluid structures, as compared to those predicted using our previously developed UA force field (UA2006) (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 1096). Liquid densities were found to lie within 2% experimental data. The simulated heats of vaporization decreased about 30% relative to that predicted using the UA2006 force field. The site-site radial distribution functions between the hydrogen atoms on the imidazolium ring and the chloride anions were in good agreement with those determined by ab initio molecular dynamics. The newly developed force field gives a much better description of the self-diffusion coefficients and shear viscosities, which usually deviate by 1 order of magnitude when determined using other force fields.
Method as a Service (MaaS)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the last decade, a large number of Method Engineering (ME) approaches have been developed to adapt information system methods (ISM) to specific situations of projects at hand. However, ME has not been yet, widely spread in the professional world. Our belief is that limitations such as the lack of standards, the proposal of proprietary solutions and an excessive emphasis on engineering issues hamper the practical use of existing ME approaches. To overtake these limitations the position of this paper is to view a Method as a Service (MaaS) and to adapt the SOA architecture to make method and their components widely accessible on the Internet. The paper introduces the concept of MaaS and discusses the feasibility of its implementation using service-oriented technologies.
Performance of a Moderating Neutron Spectrometer That Uses Scintillating Fibers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Bonner sphere is the canonical example of instruments that provide a measure of neutron spectra by using moderating and absorbing materials together with thermal-neutron detectors. For such spectrometers, the instrument response reflects a statistical average of the energy spectrum. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed neutron-sensitive cerium-activated scintillating fibers composed of lithium-silicate glass. These fibers present an enabling technology for efficient neutron spectroscopy. A moderating spectrometer was built as a testbed for materials identification. Based on the results of Monte Carlo experiments, six fiber layers are separated by polyethylene layers whose thickness has been chosen to maximize neutron spectral information. The completed, self-contained instrument, including electronics and data logging computer has a mass less than 35 kg, slightly more than half of which is polyethylene. Measurements have been performed by this instrument with various sources representing hard and soft neutron spectra. Because this instrument is a technology testbed, the data are recorded as pulse-height spectra. Results and future directions are presented.
Probabilistic Prior Driven Attention Mechanism Based on Diffusion Model for Imaging Through Atmospheric Turbulence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Atmospheric turbulence introduces severe spatial and geometric distortions, challenging traditional image restoration methods. We propose the Probabilistic Prior Turbulence Removal Network (PPTRN), which combines probabilistic diffusion-based prior modeling with Transformer-driven feature extraction to address this issue. PPTRN employs a two-stage approach: first, a latent encoder and Transformer are jointly trained on clear images to establish robust feature representations. Then, a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) models prior distributions over latent vectors, guiding the Transformer in capturing diverse feature variations essential for restoration. A key innovation in PPTRN is the Probabilistic Prior Driven Cross Attention mechanism, which integrates the DDPM-generated prior with feature embeddings to reduce artifacts and enhance spatial coherence. Extensive experiments validate that PPTRN significantly improves restoration quality on turbulence-degraded images, setting a new benchmark in clarity and structural fidelity.
Intravenous intralipid therapy is not beneficial in having a live delivery in women aged 40-42 years with a previous history of miscarriage or failure to conceive despite embryo transfer undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the test tube, adding intralipid to natural killer cells can inhibit their cytolytic action. However, the use of intravenous intralipid to suppress natural killer cell activity does not seem to improve the chance of a live delivery in women aged 40-42 years with a previous history of miscarriage. In fact this therapy may actually be detrimental in this age group. Since efficacy of this therapy was not found in a group of advanced reproductive age, it is not clear why this should be effective for a younger population. A controlled study for the younger group is needed. Perhaps such a study could be limited to only those with miscarriage rather than also concluding failure to conceive despite embryo transfer. Intralipid failed to improve live delivered pregnancy rates in women with prior miscarriage or previous failure with embryo transfer.
A Study on Prediction of Default Probability of Automobile Dealership Companies Using Altman Z-Score Model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the past few years, the auto dealership company's profitability is eroded due to increasing operating cost and financial expenses. This decline in profitability is due to a higher level of stocking and working capital requirements. On account of above factors, the companies facing severe liquidity problems and leads to bankruptcy. Predicting bankruptcy is important for investor and other stakeholders to take appropriate decision on making investments. Identification of probability of default may avoid various problems shortly & may shelter the company from Bankruptcy situation. If the financial distress was predicted ahead of time, stakeholders of the companies can secure their company and could take necessary action to mitigate the risk and perhaps avoid bankruptcy itself. The financial health of the firm shall be established with detailed ratios analysis and using other Financial analytical tool. The analysis establishes the financial performance of a firm by evaluating its operational and financial status. For this specific study, we are trying to analyze the probability of bankruptcy of automobile dealer companies using Altman's Z-Score Model and their score. This study aims to evaluate the financial distress of the automobile dealership companies in India.
Complications Associated With Totally Implanted Venous Access Devices in the Arm Versus the Chest: A Short-Term Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To retrospectively compare complications for totally implanted venous access devices (TIVADs or ports) in the arm vs. the chest. One participating institution implanted all TIVADs in the arm, whereas the other institution implanted them in the chest. Methods: Subjects were consecutive patients > 18 years with a device inserted between July 2017 and January 2019 at either Hospital A, where all devices were implanted in the arm, or at Hospital B, where all devices were implanted in the chest. Complications (rates/1,000 catheter-days and frequencies) were compared between the arm and chest locations. Results: 201 arm devices (71% female, mean age 59.4 years) and 203 chest devices (66% female, mean age 61.5 years) were assessed. Overall complication rates did not differ between the arm and chest [arm: 30 complications per 56,938 catheter-days (0.530/1,000 catheter-days) vs. chest: 47 complications per 63,324 catheter-days (0.742/1,000 catheter-days), p-value 0.173]. Periprocedural complications and mechanical malfunction also did not differ. Although prophylactic antibiotic use was higher in the chest (79.3% vs. 1.50%, p-value < 0.0001), infection rates did not differ. Arm venous thrombosis was significantly higher in the arm cohort (0.205 vs. 0.017/1,000 catheter-days, p-value 0.003) and pulmonary thromboembolism in the chest cohort (0.269 vs 0.056/1,000 catheter-days, p-value 0.002). Conclusions: While arm venous thrombosis was higher in the arm and pulmonary thromboembolism in the chest cohort, other complications were similar. Antibiotic use was more frequent in the chest cohort, while infection rates remained similar in both cohorts.
Alternating Current Iontophoresis for Control of Postoperative Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Control of early postoperative pain entails the use of various medications including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, tramadol, and opioids. However, these medications should be carefully administered in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease because some medications may trigger adverse reactions after maxillofacial surgeries. The goal of postoperative pain control in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is to eliminate pain without complications. Local anesthesia is an efficient tool for the control of postoperative pain after maxillofacial surgeries. We utilized a transdermal drug delivery system, iontophoresis by alternating current, in order to develop an alternative technique for administering local anesthetic to control postoperative pain in 2 patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. A visual analogue scale was used to objectively measure the severity of pain. A 55-year-old woman who underwent mandibular wisdom tooth extraction and an 18-year-old woman who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible both complained of pain multiple times. After application of iontophoresis, the visual analogue scale score was reduced to zero and postoperative pain could be controlled. There were no adverse events such as bronchospasm or skin irritation after the application of iontophoresis by alternating current.
Solution of a Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Optimal Subdivision Problem - A Novel Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Dynamic Programming is the mathematical technique of optimizing a series of connected decisions over a given amount of time. The process of making decisions in many real-world scenarios involves choosing a set of plans from a wide range of possible combinations in unclear circumstances. Objectives: In this article, a novel approach is developed to solve a triangular intuitionistic fuzzy optimal subdivision problem in which a positive quantity which is to be partitioned is taken as triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number. Methods: The mathematical induction technique is applied in the process of obtaining the optimal solution with fuzzy approach. The unique characteristics of the proposed approach is that the fuzziness and ambiguity in optimal subdivision models is eradicated by applying the technique of fuzzy dynamic programming. Results: A new approach has been proposed in this paper for solving fuzzy optimal subdivision problem in which the positive quantity which is to be divided into ‘n’ factors is taken as trapezoidal fuzzy number. The solution is obtained by the method of Mathematical Induction. The optimal solution is obtained by using the fuzzy recursive equations. Conclusions: Many real-world problems involve sequential or multistage decision making. Sometimes, the parameters may not be known precisely due to some uncontrollable factors. If the obtained results are crisp values then it might lose some helpful information. Fuzzy Dynamic Programming is a powerful optimization procedure that is particularly applicable to many complex problems requiring a sequence of interrelated decisions in a fuzzy environment and hence it has wide range of applications in the future
Upwelling as the major source of nitrogen for shallow and deep reef‐building corals across an oceanic atoll system

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Oceanographic processes shape coral reefs worldwide by redistributing inorganic nutrients and particulate resources over depth. Deep-water upwelling occurs frequently in coral reef ecosystems, but its impact on coral nutrition remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of upwelling on the trophic ecology of three common reef-building corals (Galaxea fascicularis, Pachyseris speciosa and Pocillopora verrucosa) from different reef depths (shallow reef, 10 m, vs. deep reef, 30 m) and reef exposures (oceanic rim vs. Inner Sea) across > 250 km of the Maldives archipelago, Indian Ocean. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ C and δ N) of coral hosts, their symbionts and particulate organic matter (POM) were used to characterize coral trophic strategies. Across the Maldives, consistent mean δ N values were recorded in hosts (5.5‰) and symbionts (5.2‰) of the three coral species from shallow and deep reefs of oceanic and Inner Sea reef exposures. Coral hosts, symbionts and POM from both depths had δ N values that were consistent with the isotopic signature of a deep-water nitrate source transported to surface waters via upwelling. In contrast, a wide range of δ C values (~10‰) revealed different trophic strategies and isotopic niches among the coral species. Different mean δ C values of G. fascicularis indicated greater symbiont autotrophy in corals from shallow (-15.5‰) compared to deep reefs (-17.6‰). Conversely, the mean δ C values of P. speciosa (-15.1‰) and P. verrucosa (-17.7‰) were not affected by reef depth. These corals maintained consistent trophic strategies over depth, with P. speciosa relying more on autotrophy compared to P. verrucosa. Despite different reef exposure to oceanic waters, coral host and POM δ N and δ C values did not differ between oceanic and Inner Sea reef exposures. Nutritional resources appear to be homogenous in the central Maldives due to atoll-wide water circulation. However, species-specific trophic strategies resulted in diverse patterns of δ C values over depth. Because heterotrophic feeding has been linked to coral host survival through coral bleaching events, understanding the trophic ecology of corals within the reef assemblage can provide insight into species resilience under ocean warming conditions. As a member of the typically competitive Pocilloporidae family, the dependence of P. verrucosa on heterotrophy may help this coral be a future “winner” under sustained ocean warming. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Physiological and vegetative changes in grapevines (cv. Alvarinho) promoted by biological control agents (BCAs) : preliminary results

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The induction of a natural disease resistance in grape using several biological and/or chemical elicitors, known as Biological Control Agents (BCAs), has received increasing attention over the last years, and is now considered the elected strategy for disease management. Vegetative and physiological changes (number of leaves; roots and stem length; total photosynthetic pigments; leaf gas exchanges) promoted by four BCAs (Best Cure; Mycotric; FitoAlgas; BioClean) and four conventional chemical products (Maestro M; Flint; Aliette; Horizon) were evaluated in potted grapevines (cv. Alvarinho) comparatively to a control group (Ctl). Each compound was applied, independently, to a minimum of 12 plants (to Ctl plants just distillated water was added), every fifteen days, during July and August of 2007. The results, in the first year, do not reveal significant physiological differences between the treatments and the Ctl. In vegetative terms, some differences were observed in the roots and leaves. However, the results were erratic, eventually due to the short time of the experience. The trial will proceed for a 2nd and a 3rd year.
Current awareness in flavour and fragrance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of flavour and fragrance. Each bibliography is divided into 7 sections: 1 Flavour of food; 2 Fragrances; 3 Essential oils; 4 Food constituents; 5 Taints & off‐flavours; 6 Sensory evaluation & psychophysics; 7 Apparatus & methodology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted (8 weeks journals. Search ended 14th. Feb. 2001)
[Protective effect of tannic acid against TPA- and cigarette smoke condensate-induced DNA strand breaks in human white cells and its antioxidant action].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tannic acid was extracted from Rhus chinensis Mill. At a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml it could significantly prevent the DNA damaging effects induced by TPA (100 ng/ml) or cigarette smoke condensate (400 micrograms/ml). At concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml and 80 micrograms/ml, it could effectively scavenge the O2-. produced by VB2 + hv and cigarette smoke condensate, respectively. The lipid peroxidation of red cell membrane induced by H2O2 was decreased significantly by tannic acid at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml.
Is your organization's tax-exempt status at risk?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Not-for-profit healthcare organizations benefit enormously from their tax-exempt status. But in recent years, the IRS, Congress, and state and local governments have begun scrutinizing these organizations in an effort to find potential sources of new tax revenue. Since the survival of an organization may depend on retaining its tax-exempt status, healthcare executives must be able to justify their organizations' status by developing a written charity care policy, promoting the concept of community benefit, reviewing physician recruitment and retention policies to identifying and reporting unrelated business income, and submitting a concise Form 990 tax return to the Federal government.
The Microstructure of Joint Brazed by Semisolid Stirring Brazing at High Welding Speed

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect of high welding speed on the macro-appearance and microstructure of joints were investigated in this paper. Experimental results are shown that bonding at one side of joint interface is obviously better than that at another side of bond interface. When welding speed is up to 72mm/min, a discontinuous joining interface is found. It is indicated that increasing of welding speed will be not in favor of disruption of oxide film on surface of composites.