jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gestalt Effects in Visual Working Memory.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Four experiments investigated whether conforming to Gestalt principles, well known to drive visual perception, also facilitates the active maintenance of information in visual working memory (VWM). We used the change detection task, which required the memorization of visual patterns composed of several shapes. We observed no effects of symmetry of visual patterns on VWM performance. However, there was a moderate positive effect when a particular shape that was probed matched the shape of the whole pattern (the whole-part similarity effect). Data support the models assuming that VWM encodes not only particular objects of the perceptual scene but also the spatial relations between them (the ensemble representation). The ensemble representation may prime objects similar to its shape and thereby boost access to them. In contrast, the null effect of symmetry relates the fact that this very feature of an ensemble does not yield any useful additional information for VWM.
Eeffect of Drought Stress on Evaprouation and Water Consumption in Several Tree Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of drought stress on evaporation and water consumtion in poting contdition of Berberis thunbergii、Forsythia Suspensa、Ligustrum obtusifolium、Syringa oblate、Ligustrum vicaryi、Sophora japonica、Caryopteris clandonensis were studied.The result showed that the dimax time for water consumption of these trees occured at 12∶00 to 16∶00.The daily water consumption of these trees seedling were decreased along with the reducing of soil water content.According to the change of daly water consumption.The rank of drought resistance of these tree species was make,which was Sophora japonicaBerberis thunbergiiCaryopteris clandonensisLigustrum vicaryiForsythia suspensaLigustrum obtusifoliumSyringa oblate.
Association of the establishment of multidisciplinary (MDC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinic with clinical outcome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

332 Background: Multidisciplinary clinics are prevalent in the management of cancer. However, there is a lack of data demonstrating improved outcomes. The variability of liver- and tumor-specific factors in HCC mandates multimodal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of establishing a MDC HCC clinic. Methods: A MDC HCC clinic consisting of surgeons, hepatologists, oncologists, and radiologists was established October 2010. After this date, any patient with HCC or suspected HCC (any liver mass on radiology or elevated AFP) was evaluated in the MDC clinic. We conducted a retrospective review of a prospective HCC database to identify patients diagnosed in the year following and three years prior to initiation of the MDC clinic. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment regimens, and survival were compared between the two groups of patients with one-way ANOVA and Chi-squared tests. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier with log rank test. Results: 105 patients were identified in the year prior to the MDC clinic and 209 patients in the 3 previous years. There was no difference in gender, race/ethnicity, etiology of cirrhosis, or Child-Pugh stage between the groups. Patients diagnosed after the MDC clinic were found at earlier tumor stages by AJCC and BCLC classification (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). More post-clinic patients received treatment (56% vs. 44%, p=0.04), and time-to-treatment was shorter (2.2 vs. 4.6 months, p=0.001) than those diagnosed prior to the MDC clinic. Median survival of patients diagnosed after the MDC clinic was significantly longer than those seen during the 3 prior years (15.2 vs. 4.7 months, p=0.002). This difference in survival persisted when patients who were lost to follow-up or died within one month of HCC diagnosis were excluded (17.7 vs. 7.0 months, p=0.004). Survival after excluding BCLC D patients was also longer in the post-clinic period (one year survival, 64% vs. 47%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Formation of a MDC HCC clinic is associated with improved survival, most likely due to more streamlined care resulting in HCC diagnosis at earlier tumor stage and shorter time to treatment.
Alienation among Management Scholars

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In a conceptual synthesis of a large body of literature, we explore drivers of alienation among management scholars through the lens of a classical path goal motivational model. Some scholars have become alienated from doing research due to the socio-political context of publishing. Although their unitary complaints are irksome, collectively these can amount to a career gauntlet – “a perfect storm” – of compounding challenges that permanently drive away scholars from doing academic research. To better understand this process, we show the pernicious interplay of these challenges in an expectancy model of costs, risks and rewards, each manifesting several of Blauner's (1964) drivers of work alienation – meaninglessness, powerlessness, self-estrangement and isolation. We conclude by suggesting mitigating conditions, summary propositions, and remedial implications.
Energy of Formation of Step Junctions at Nano Dimensions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Planar transistors have been the important building block of integrated circuits for decades, during which the size of transistors has steadily decreased. We will evaluate energy released due to recombination and also evaluate energy stored in the electric field for the step junction case, and then calculate the net energy of formation for the step junction. Also, we have calculated the change in temperature due to the energy of formation.
Effect of porosity on the nonlinear free vibrational behavior of two-directional functionally graded porous cone-shaped shells resting on elastic substrates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present article describes an analytical approach to investigate the nonlinear free vibrational behavior of a two-directional functionally graded porous (TDFGP) cone-shaped shell resting on elastic substrates. A mixture model with the power-law distribution functions is utilized to obtain the TDFGP shell's mechanical properties. In addition, it is assumed that the internal porosities in the matrix materials can be dispersed into two independent patterns, either even or uneven porosity distribution. The field displacement in the TDFGP shell is approximated using first-order shear deformation theory. Hamilton's principle and von Karman's large deformation assumptions give a dynamic model for the TDFGP shell. The Galerkin decomposition method is employed to discretize the governing partial differential equations into time-dependent ordinary differential equations. The harmonic balance method is used to analytically solve the final time-dependent equations and acquire the nonlinear frequency response of the TDFGP shell. Research has been conducted on porosity, gradient indexes, elastic substrates, boundary conditions, and geometric ratios through parametric studies to investigate the outcomes and their applicability to real-world issues.
A bivariate CUSUM control chart based on exceedance statistics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In manufacturing systems, statistical process control (SPC) is used to detect unusual observations in the process. Most control charts are composed based on the normality assumptions of the observations. However, checking the normality assumption in multivariate control systems cannot be practical in real‐life applications. As a result, we propose a nonparametric bivariate cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) based on exceedance statistics for detecting the shifts in location parameters. Since the proposed chart (BCUSUM‐EX) relied on exceedance statistics and is nonparametric, the use of the chart is straightforward and practical for users. Moreover, due to the nature of CUSUM charts, the proposed chart contains information about historical and current observations. The performance of the BCUSUM‐EX chart is compared with the spatial sign CUSUM (SS‐CUSUM) control chart under some well‐known bivariate distributions such as bivariate normal, t , and gamma. The BCUSUM‐EX chart's performance is better than the SS‐CUSUM control chart regarding run length characteristics. Lastly, to show the importance of the proposed control chart, the BCUSUM‐EX chart has been applied to the aluminium electrolytic capacitor manufacturing process.
Flat pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous spaces with non-abelian holonomy group

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct homogeneous flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with non-abelian fundamental group. In the compact case, all homogeneous flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds are complete and have abelian linear holonomy group. To the contrary, we show that there do exist non-compact and non-complete examples, where the linear holonomy is non-abelian, starting in dimensions ≥ 8 \geq 8 , which is the lowest possible dimension. We also construct a complete flat pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous manifold of dimension 14 with non-abelian linear holonomy. Furthermore, we derive a criterion for the properness of the action of an affine transformation group with transitive centralizer.
Cosmic rays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When evidence is recovered from a suspected crime scene and a criminal prosecution is mounted, the defence team may attempt to formulate an alternative non-criminal explanation for the existence of that evidence. Examples from the digital realm include the "Trojan Horse Defence" and the "Inadvertent Download Defence" against the charge of possession of child pornography, both of which have previously been analysed quantitatively. In this paper, another putative defence for the existence of forensically recovered data and/or meta-data from a seized digital device is described. The potential plausibility of this "Cosmic Ray Defence" under various memory protection conditions is estimated numerically as a function of its associated soft error rate (SER), thus enabling an evaluation to be made of its potential utility as part of a criminal defence strategy, as well as highlighting its possible significance for the conduct of digital forensic investigations. It is based on the invited keynote lecture at the 10th International Workshop on Digital Forensics (WSDF 2017), Reggio Calabria, Italy, 29 August - 1 September 2017.
Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Ny. K Keluarga Tn. S Dengan Gangguan Sistem Kardiovaskular : Hipertensi Di Desa Purwodadi RT 03 RW 02 Kecamatan Tonjong Kabupaten Brebes

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases and a major contributor to cardiovascular complications among the elderly. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive nursing care intervention for Mrs. K, a hypertensive patient living with her family in Purwodadi Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. The method employed was a case study with a family-centered nursing approach involving assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review. The results showed improvements in the patient's blood pressure, increased knowledge and awareness in the family, and positive changes in health-related behaviors. These findings suggest that family-based nursing interventions can significantly enhance hypertension management outcomes. The study implies that nurses should integrate family involvement as a critical component in the care of chronic illness to promote sustainable health improvements.
The Evaluation of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid on Physiological Characteristics, Proline and Essential Oil Content of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid concentrations on the physiological and biochemical traits and essential oil content of chamomile under normal and heat stress conditions as induced by delayed sowing. The experiments were conducted during 2011–2012 as a factorial using a randomized complete block design with three replications, in a very hot region. The factors included five salicylic acid concentrations (0 (control), 1, 10, 25 and 100 mg·L−1) and three chamomile cultivars (Bushehr, Bona, Bodegold). The seeds of chamomile were sown on two different sowing dates including an optimum planting date and a late planting date. The physiological traits (plant height, capitol diameter, 1000 grain weight, fresh and dried flower weight), total chlorophyll, proline and essential oil content were investigated. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of the environmental conditions (normal and heat stress) was significant on all physiological and biochemical traits with the exception of the essential oil content. The heat stress decreased physiological traits and total chlorophyll in comparison with the normal conditions but it had no significant effect on the essential oil content. Findings indicated that the application of exogenous salicylic acid improves essential oil content in chamomile cultivars under environmental heat stress conditions.
Chinas neue Rolle im globalen Kapitalismus

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article provides a general overview on the current debate on the rise of China in global capitalism. In this discussion, a distinction between two theoretical currents can be made: On the one hand, most world-systems analysts assume that US power already is on the wane, while China is becoming a super power. On the other hand, some critical IPE scholars such as Leo Panitch argue that there is a continuity of US hegemony. Both arguments are tested on the basis of empirical data on China’s development and China’s power in global political economy. Also, the article discusses whether China’s potential rise may lead to violent conflicts. It is concluded that even though China might ascend to the status of being the primary economic power in the near future, structural power in global capitalism could continue to favor the West for a long period of time.
Spin-polarized neutron matter, the maximum mass of neutron stars, and GW170817

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate how a phase transition from neutron-star matter to spin-polarized neutron matter affects the equation of state and mass-radius relation of neutron stars. While general extension schemes for the equation of state allow for high pressures inside neutron stars, we find that a phase transition to spin-polarized neutron matter excludes extreme regimes. Hence, such a transition limits the maximum mass of neutron stars to lie below 2.6$-$$2.9 \, M_{\odot}$, depending on the microscopic nuclear forces used, while significantly larger masses could be reached without these constraints. These limits are in good agreement with recent constraints extracted from the neutron-star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. Assuming the description in terms of spin-polarized neutron matter to be valid in the center of neutron stars, we find that stars with a large spin-polarized domain in their core are ruled out by GW170817.
Identification of the major fibroblast growth factors released spontaneously in inflammatory arthritis as platelet derived growth factor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic inflammation and proliferation of a number of important elements within the joint including the synovial fibroblasts. Elevated levels of a number of cytokines such as II-1, IL-2, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been detected in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. It seems likely that local release of such mediators may be responsible for the proliferation and overgrowth of connective tissue elements in these disorders. In order to ascertain whether there was evidence to suggest local production or release of fibroblast growth factors in the joint in inflammatory arthritis, and to determine their identity, cells were obtained from the synovial fluid of 15 patients with chronic inflammatory arthritides, All subjects’ synovial fluid cells spontaneously released growth factor activity for fibroblasts. This was present in large amounts, being detectable in culture supernatants diluted to a titre of at least 1/625. By a series of depletion experiments using solid-phase bound antibodies to cytokines, it was possible to demonstrate that this activity was due to TNF-α and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Thus, this study showed for the first time that functionally active PDGF was released from synovial fluid cells. Both PDGF and TNF-α appeared to contribute in approximately equal amounts to this fibroblast growth factor activity, and were synergistic in effect. Thus this study provides evidence for the local production and release of these two cytokines and suggests that together they are the dominant factors in fibroblast proliferation within the synovial cavity.
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Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

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Pharmacodynamic Comparison of a Nasal Formulation of Verapamil and Intravenous and Oral Dosage Forms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The nasal route has been shown to be effective for the administration of numerous drugs in order to improve drug bioavailability. A nasal gel of verapamil hydrochloride was formulated and evaluated pharmacodynamically in humans, using electrocardiographic results, with comparison to oral and IV routes. Seven volunteers were involved in the study and the pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated statistically. Experimental nasal gel showed similar pharmacodynamic results with the intravenous route, which is a hint to the reduction in verapamilinduced first-pass metabolism. However, oral route of administration showed a tendency of less efficacy. No reasonable effect of verapamil could be obtained with the placebo group.
Overview of Selected Federal Efforts to Encourage Minority Drug Abuse Research and Researchers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This article contains three sections. The first part is a brief overview of National Institute on Drug Abuse's (NIDA) ethnic minority research and research training efforts initiated between 1986 to 1991. The second part contains excerpts from a report entitled "Research Monograph: Drug Abuse Research Issues at Historically Black Colleges and Universities" submitted as a final contract deliverable to NIDA. The third part is a summary of the proceedings of a NIDA sponsored conference, entitled "Toward the Development of Ethnic Minority Drug Abuse Research and Researchers."
Physician management of hypercholesterolemia. A randomized trial of continuing medical education.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To determine the effect of continuing medical education (CME) on compliance with the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on high serum cholesterol levels in adults, we randomly assigned primary physicians in 174 practices to 3 groups, 2 that underwent either standard or intensive CME and a control group. The standard CME group was offered a free 3-hour seminar on high serum cholesterol levels; the intensive CME group was offered in addition follow-up seminars and free office materials. After 18 months, we audited 13,099 medical records from the 140 practices that remained in the study. There were no significant differences (P > .15) in screening for high serum cholesterol or compliance with guidelines between the groups receiving continuing medical education (51% screening; 33% compliance) and the control group (57% screening; 37% compliance). In the prespecified subgroup of patients with hypercholesterolemia, there was a trend toward a modest benefit from the continuing medical education interventions: compliance was 21% in the control group, 23% in the standard CME group, and 27% in the intensive CME group (P = .07 overall). These results emphasize the need for better ways to change behavior in practicing physicians and the importance of studying the implementation of preventive health recommendations.