jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An investigation into small scale renewable energy technologies in remote locations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Renewable energy sources are ideally suited to power generation applications in small remote communities where the incumbent is generally diesel generation which is expensive and produces carbon emissions. The suitability of different renewable energy systems for various locations will depend on local conditions, in particular the availability of the local renewable energy resource. This paper investigates using a concentrated solar power system and a wave energy system such communities. It finds that the proposed solar power system is a viable choice for the study site. However, wave power is not a practical solution for the study site due to the paucity of the available wave power resource and local environmental conditions.
Poetry and Censorship in Counter-Reformation Italy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Document Finding List 1 Control of Literature as a Strategy of Catholic Reformation Motives and Modes of Influence 2 Approaching Censorial Reading 2.1 The Virgin Text 2.2 Who is the Author of a Sinful Text? 2.3 The Author in Censorship Practice 2.4 Tracing the Imagined Reader 3 Mechanisms of the Roman Index 3.1 The Libri-Omnes-Principle 3.2 On the Censorship of Literary Genres 3.3 Manipulation of 'Stylistic' Modes of Writing? 3.4 Reflections on Criteria of the Inquisitio of Text 4 Censures of the Marvellous 4.1 A Prohibition of Wonders? 4.2 The Marvellous, Characters and Action 4.2.1 Human Characters and Animals with Supernatural Powers 4.2.2 Supernatural Beings 4.2.3 Objects and Places 4.3 Marvel and Fate 4.4 Censorship and Guided Reading 4.5 Shaping Narrative Structures - On the Fantastic 5 Censures of Love 5.1 On Freedom and 'Reality' of the Word 5.2 Forbidden Goddesses 5.3 Disillusioning the Lover 5.4 Intimacy Locked Away: Trimming Literary Genres 6 Censoring Laughter 6.1 Sensitivity for Verbal Expression 6.2 Privileged Treatment and National Sentiment 6.3 Hidden Danger in Comic Poetry 7 Self-Censorship and Poetic Counter-Strategies 7.1 Between Publication and Censorship 7.2 A Poetic Apology of Love Lyrics? 7.2.1 Embedding the Story and Defining Love 7.2.2 Love and Freedom 7.2.3 Contemplation and Enlightenment 7.2.4 Self-Reflection and Anticipated Conversion 7.2.5 Martyrdom and Deification 7.2.6 An Attempt to Speak of Two Loves at the Same Time 7.2.7 A New Way of Contemplation and an Untypical End 7.3 A New Book Project or Censorship? Conclusion Appendices Editorial Notes Documents 1: Cases and Judgements Documents 2: Relating Documents Bibliography Index of Names
Production of butyrate from lysine and the Amadori product fructoselysine by a human gut commensal

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human intestinal bacteria produce butyrate, which has signalling properties and can be used as energy source by enterocytes thus influencing colonic health. However, the pathways and the identity of bacteria involved in this process remain unclear. Here we describe the isolation from the human intestine of Intestinimonas strain AF211, a bacterium that can convert lysine stoichiometrically into butyrate and acetate when grown in a synthetic medium. Intestinimonas AF211 also converts the Amadori product fructoselysine, which is abundantly formed in heated foods via the Maillard reaction, into butyrate. The butyrogenic pathway includes a specific CoA transferase that is overproduced during growth on lysine. Bacteria related to Intestinimonas AF211 as well as the genetic coding capacity for fructoselysine conversion are abundantly present in colonic samples from some healthy human subjects. Our results indicate that protein can serve as a source of butyrate in the human colon, and its conversion by Intestinimonas AF211 and related butyrogens may protect the host from the undesired side effects of Amadori reaction products.
Material discrimination using bispectral signatures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One goal of investigative signal processing techniques is to discriminate between types of materials composing an object. This paper explores a method for material discrimination and characterization using bispectral signatures acquired from an object actively probed with acoustic pulses. The mathematical foundations of the bispectrum are presented, and the proposed technique is tested with an ultrasonic apparatus. Results indicate that at ultrasonic frequencies this technique provides signatures with the potential of discriminating between classes of materials such as plastic, aluminum, and rock.
Філософський вектор іншомовної підготовки студентів-філологів (кінець ХХ – початок ХХI ст.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the processes that affect the training of future professionals in higher education institutions and highlights the philosophical and cultural principles of foreign language training of students of philology. It is about the conditionality of the issue of foreign language training of students of philology by the tasks of intercultural interaction, international integration and partnership, which is ensured by the balance of material and spiritual factors of development of peoples and nations. Foreign language training is an important factor in intercultural communication, aimed at ensuring the European integration of Ukraine, needs to adapt to appropriate educational conditions. The author calls the openness of Ukrainian education, as well as the priority of national interests in the process of intercultural interaction an important condition for cultural integration; the need for transformations of higher education in both substantive and procedural aspects on the basis of personal values. It is claimed that the renewal of education is carried out under the condition of revision of its content, its structure, procedural norms and results of mastering the program material and its value characteristics. The purposeful nature of higher education is determined by the social order of the state, which expresses public opinion and the purpose of educational activities, choosing certain competencies as the main categories of educational programs and determining the relevant learning outcomes. Among the factors of transformation of the higher education system in Ukraine, the scientist mentions the construction of integrated educational programs, development of common criteria for creating comparable qualification requirements, adoption of standards for assessing the quality of training of specialists with higher education which causes changes in the purpose and content of educational activities and, in turn, requires appropriate program and methodological support. Restructuring of foreign language training of students of philology is associated with the formation of its content, as well as the creation of new educational and methodological complexes designed to ensure this work in higher education institutions.
Pharmacological characterization of hetrombopag, a novel orally active human thrombopoietin receptor agonist

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor ( TPOR / MPL ) agonists, such as eltrombopag, have been used to treat thrombocytopenia of various aetiologies. Here, we investigated the pharmacological properties of hetrombopag, a new orally active small‐molecule TPOR agonist, in preclinical models. Hetrombopag specifically stimulated proliferation and/or differentiation of human TPOR ‐expressing cells, including 32D‐ MPL and human hematopoietic stem cells, with low nanomolar EC 50 values through stimulation of STAT , PI 3K and ERK signalling pathways. Notably, hetrombopag effectively up‐regulated G 1 ‐phase–related proteins, including p‐ RB , Cyclin D1 and CDK 4/6, normalized progression of the cell cycle, and prevented apoptosis by modulating BCL ‐ XL / BAK expression in 32D‐ MPL cells. Moreover, hetrombopag and TPO acted additively in stimulating TPOR ‐dependent signalling, promoting cell viability, and preventing apoptosis. Orally administered hetrombopag specifically promoted the viability and growth of 32D‐ MPL cells in hollow fibres implanted into nude mice with much higher potency than that of the well‐known TPOR agonist, eltrombopag, in association with activation of TPOR ‐dependent signal transduction in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that, given its favourable pharmacological characteristics, hetrombopag may represent a new, orally active, small‐molecule TPOR agonist for patients with thrombocytopenia.
Editorial: Molecular Endocrinology Articles in the Spotlight for February 2012

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This month’s issue of Molecular Endocrinology features many excellent articles. Here are a few that stand out. “FOXO1/3 Depletion in Granulosa Cells Alters Follicle Growth, Death and Regulation of Pituitary FSH” by Liu et al. finds that ovarian-derived factors other than, or in addition to, inhibin selectively suppress expression of the pituitary Fshb gene leading to undetectable levels of serum FSH that contribute to infertility. Forkhead box O1/3 (FOXO1/3) depletion also contributes to infertility and abnormal ovarian function through a loss of coordination with both activin to regulate genes that control follicle growth and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to influence the expression of genes that control apoptosis. Shi et al. “Androgens Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Growth through Induction of Autophagy” (freely available at http://mend.endojournals.org/) demonstrates that androgen receptor (AR) signaling increases prostate cancer cell growth, in part, through the induction of autophagy. Autophagy, although classically thought of as a catabolic process, appears to facilitate cellular remodeling events that are necessary for growth/division. The mobilization of lipid depots through autophagy is one of the major remodeling events that contribute to enhanced prostate cancer cell proliferation. Interestingly, androgens initiate the autophagy-mediated process though increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a known oncogenic risk factor. “HDAC7 Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis by Reversing RANKL-Triggered -Catenin Switch” by Jin et al. shows that histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) inhibits osteoclast differentiation by preventing -catenin down-regulation and suppressing NFATc1. HDAC7 also inhibits precursor proliferation by attenuating -catenin function and cyclin D1 expression. Finally, the authors show that osteoclastic HDAC7 deletion increases bone resorption and decreases bone mass. These findings are clinically significant in light of the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors for several diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Congratulations to the authors of these articles as well as all of February’s authors. Donald B. DeFranco, Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief, Molecular Endocrinology
Root Alternation and Verbal Plurality in Ranmo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates morphological alternation between so-called extended and restricted roots in Ranmo, leading to a new proposal about the nature of pluractional predicates. Extended roots show properties associated with ‘pluractional’ verbs attested crosslinguistically; in particular, they are associated with both plural participant and iterative interpretations. However, they differ from typical pluractionals in the following two ways: (i) they are not morphologically formed on the basis of their restricted counterparts (which are associated with singular, punctual readings) and (ii) they are compatible with numeric modifiers. I propose that these differences can be understood under the proposal that all pluractionals obligatorily involve two components which are always distinctly represented in the semantics—PL(ural) and DEG(ree). The latter contributes a large quantity (as opposed to a simple plural) reading. However, languages vary with respect to whether these two can form a single syntactic unit (and hence be bundled into a single morpheme). This predicts a simple typology in which only a subset of so-called pluractional verbs yield a necessarily large quantity reading.
Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum: impact of the source models on the signal and theIGM physics from the Cosmic Dawn

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The emissions from the first luminous sources drive the fluctuations in the 21-cm signal at Cosmic Dawn (CD) via two main astrophysical processes, namely Ly α coupling and X-ray heating, yielding a highly non-Gaussian signal. The impact of these processes on the 21-cm signal and its non-Gaussianity depends on the properties of these first sources of light. In this work, we consider different CD scenarios by varying two major source parameters i.e. the minimum halo mass M h, min and X-ray photon production efficiency f X using the 1D radiative transfer code grizzly . We study the impact of variation in these source parameters on the large scale ( K 1 = 0.16 Mpc -1 ) 21-cm bispectrum for all possible unique triangles in the Fourier domain. Our detailed and comparative analysis of the power spectrum and bispectrum shows that the shape, sign and magnitude of the bispectrum jointly provide a better measure of the signal fluctuations and its non-Gaussianity than the power spectrum alone. We also conclude that it is important to study the sequence of sign changes along with the variations in the shape and magnitude of the bispectrum throughout the CD history to arrive at a robust conclusion about the dominant processes in the intergalactic medium at different cosmic times. We further observe that among all the possible unique k -triangles, the large-scale non-Gaussianity of the signal is best probed by the small k -triangles in the squeezed limit and by triangle shapes in its vicinity. This opens up the possibility of constraining the source parameters during the CD using the 21-cm bispectrum.
Childhood maltreatment experiences and adult attachment style in male offenders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

John Bowlby began to study childhood maltreatment, attachment and offending behavior many years before he conceived of attachment theory; through work with maladjusted children he came to believe that actual family experiences were key factors in the etiology of emotional disturbances. The present study examined the childhood maltreatment experiences and adult attachment representations, as defined by Bartholomew (1990) of 40 adult male offenders incarcerated at a medium security federal institution in the Fraser Valley. A control group, of 23 University of British Columbia male undergraduates, was also examined. Childhood maltreatment and other familial experiences were gathered using a modified version of the Family Attachment Interview (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991); adult attachment representations were assessed using the Peer Attachment Interview (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), and coded using the four-category attachment framework developed by Bartholomew (1990). Participants also completed a questionnaire package that will not be analyzed for purposes of this thesis. It was found that the offender sample did experience significantly more childhood maltreatment on 5 of the 6 maltreatment variables than did the undergraduate sample; however no significant difference was found on the emotional neglect variable. In terms of attachment representations, results indicate that the inmate population is significantly more insecure in their attachment representations than are the university undergraduates; however, when compared to similar samples in the literature, both groups were significantly different in their attachment representations. Significant differences in childhood maltreatment, and attachment representation were not found. Discussion focuses on the limitations of the present samples, the need for future research on this issue with larger samples, and the usefulness of the attachment paradigm in understanding the impact of childhood maltreatment and family of origin variables on offenders; from both treatment and risk management perspectives.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 31-year-old female soldier developed subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, which remained undiagnosed for 4 years. Referral to dermatology and a punch biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and effective treatment was instituted. The presence of an unresolving annular rash in light-exposed areas, especially in a young woman, should prompt thorough investigation and referral if necessary. The prognosis for this condition is generally good, although a small proportion of patients will go on to develop systemic lupus erythematosus. The occupational implications of this condition require thoughtful management in the military population.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Correct Spin Lattice for the Spin‐Gapped Magnetic Solid NH4CuPO4×H2O.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Length-weight relationships for Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton, 1822), Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes, 1848 and Johnius gangeticus Talwar, 1991 from lower stretch of the River Ganga, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) for three fish species from the River Ganga (India) is presented. Sampling was conducted from the lower stretch of the River Ganga (Patna: 25°36′51.66″N & 85°12′7.02″E to Freserganj: 21°35′40.58″N & 88°15′28.92″E) during April, June and September and December of 2017. Specimens were caught using gill nets (18 nos.; mesh 18–32 mm), and bag nets (3 nos.; mesh 14–22 mm). The values a and b from LWRs -were found to be 0.007 and 2.977 for Eutropiichthys murius; 0.003 and 3.001 for Coilia reynaldi; 0.009 and 3.010 for Johnius gangeticus.
Outcomes of Switching From Proactive to Reactive Treatment After Developing Advanced Central Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We assessed outcomes of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that switched from proactive (treat-and-extend) to reactive (pro re nata) treatment regimen after developing macular atrophy (MA) or submacular fibrosis (SMFi). Methods: Data were collected from a retrospective analysis of a prospectively designed, multinational registry of "real-world" nAMD treatment outcomes. Eyes without MA or SMFi when starting treatment with a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor regimen that subsequently developed MA or SMFi were included. Results: Macular atrophy developed in 821 eyes and SMFi in 1,166 eyes. Seven percent of eyes that developed MA and 9% of those that developed SMFi were switched to reactive treatment. Vision was stable at 12 months for all eyes with MA and inactive SMFi. Active SMFi eyes that switched to reactive treatment had significant vision loss. No eyes that continued proactive treatment developed ≥15 letter loss, but 8% of all eyes that switched to a reactive regimen and 15% of active SMFi eyes did. Conclusion: Eyes that switch from proactive to reactive treatment after developing MA and inactive SMFi can have stable visual outcomes. Physicians should be aware of the risk of a significant loss of vision in eyes with active SMFi that switch to reactive treatment.
Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibition (2P2I)-Oriented Chemical Library Accelerates Hit Discovery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent an enormous source of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. We and others have recently pinpointed key rules that will help in identifying the next generation of innovative drugs to tackle this challenging class of targets within the next decade. We used these rules to design an oriented chemical library corresponding to a set of diverse "PPI-like" modulators with cores identified as privileged structures in therapeutics. In this work, we purchased the resulting 1664 structurally diverse compounds and evaluated them on a series of representative protein-protein interfaces with distinct "druggability" potential using homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) technology. For certain PPI classes, analysis of the hit rates revealed up to 100 enrichment factors compared with nonoriented chemical libraries. This observation correlates with the predicted "druggability" of the targets. A specific focus on selectivity profiles, the three-dimensional (3D) molecular modes of action resolved by X-ray crystallography, and the biological activities of identified hits targeting the well-defined "druggable" bromodomains of the bromo and extraterminal (BET) family are presented as a proof-of-concept. Overall, our present study illustrates the potency of machine learning-based oriented chemical libraries to accelerate the identification of hits targeting PPIs. A generalization of this method to a larger set of compounds will accelerate the discovery of original and potent probes for this challenging class of targets.
Evaluation of Google Glass Technical Limitations on Their Integration in Medical Systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Google Glass is a wearable sensor presented to facilitate access to information and assist while performing complex tasks. Despite the withdrawal of Google in supporting the product, today there are multiple applications and much research analyzing the potential impact of this technology in different fields of medicine. Google Glass satisfies the need of managing and having rapid access to real-time information in different health care scenarios. Among the most common applications are access to electronic medical records, display monitorizations, decision support and remote consultation in specialties ranging from ophthalmology to surgery and teaching. The device enables a user-friendly hands-free interaction with remote health information systems and broadcasting medical interventions and consultations from a first-person point of view. However, scientific evidence highlights important technical limitations in its use and integration, such as failure in connectivity, poor reception of images and automatic restart of the device. This article presents a technical study on the aforementioned limitations (specifically on the latency, reliability and performance) on two standard communication schemes in order to categorize and identify the sources of the problems. Results have allowed us to obtain a basis to define requirements for medical applications to prevent network, computational and processing failures associated with the use of Google Glass.