jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Patient and provider education on HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Defining gaps in clinician practice, patient behaviors, patient-provider alignment, and clinical knowledge.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

e23007 Background: Current breast cancer management is driven by inherent heterogeneity of disease. Therapeutic options for later lines of HER2 therapy have expanded, shifting practice patterns to incorporate the latest evidence and guidelines. Health care providers (HCPs) require education to synthesize new evidence in the context of clinical practice including three approved HER2-directed therapies between December 2019 and April 2020. Concurrent patient and caregiver education is imperative to improve collaborative treatment decisions for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: Two, 1-hour online video-based programs were hosted in June, 2020 for HCPs and patients/caregivers, respectively. Practice and knowledge gaps among HCPs, and knowledge, communication and self-efficacy behaviors among patients were assessed. Each activity was interactive, consisting of slides, polling and live questions, and both remain on-demand (and on social media for patients/caregivers) for 12 months. Assessments were administered at 3 time points (pre-, immediate post-, and 2 mos. post-activity). Data from these questions, responses to live polling questions, and learner-submitted questions during live Q&A were analyzed to determine engagement, lessons learned, and continuing education gaps. Results: As of February 2021, 525 HCPs and 9,582 patients (9,449 Facebook Video; 133 CancerCoachLive.com) participated in the ongoing activities. Post education, HCP learners anticipated the education would positively impact practice behavior (77%) and patient clinical outcomes (73%). HCP improvements in pre/post knowledge and competence questions were realized in 3/4 of the questions. Of patients/caregivers, 34% more learners reported confidence in managing their condition post vs. pre-education. They listed “affording therapy” and “understanding treatment options” as their greatest challenges, and reported “self-care strategies” as their most sought information during the COVID-19 pandemic. At 2-mos. follow-up, 83% of patients reported improvements in communication with their HCPs, and 77% of HCPs reported improvements in their clinical practice. Updated data will be shared, including aligned HCP and patient questions pertaining to care challenges and communication goals. Conclusions: CME and patient education can yield gains in clinical practice behaviors, patient healthcare communication and confidence, and treatment knowledge of HER2-postive breast cancer. Together, aligned education directed to HCPs and patients can improve the ability to provide evidence-based treatment for patients.
MULTIMORBIDITY COMBINATIONS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOM TRAJECTORIES AMONG US OLDER ADULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Multimorbidity (2+ chronic health conditions) is directly related to increased patient burden, but the association between specific multimorbidity combinations and trajectories of depressive symptoms among older adults is unknown. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to estimate the association between multimorbidity combinations identified in 2012 and trajectories of depressive symptoms from 2012-2020 in adults aged ≥ 65 (n=9,004; mean age: 75.3; % female: 58.7%). Self-reported physician-diagnosed conditions included arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, heart conditions, cancer, lung disease, and stroke. The eight-item CES-D measured depressive symptoms. Multimorbidity combinations were used to predict quadratic latent growth trajectories of depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and childhood characteristics and the complex sampling design of the HRS. In 2012, 75.6% of respondents experienced multimorbidity and the average depression score was 1.4 (SD=1.9). Nine unique multimorbidity patterns were identified, most common being hypertension+arthritis (14.6%), hypertension+heart conditions+arthritis (7.1%), and hypertension+diabetes+arthritis (6.1%). Several multimorbidity combinations were associated with greater baseline depressive symptomatology (e.g., compared to those reporting no conditions at baseline, those reporting hypertension+lung disease+arthritis had 0.96 more baseline depressive symptoms (SE=0.2, p&lt;.001), and those reporting hypertension+diabetes+heart conditions+arthritis had 0.93 more baseline depressive symptoms (SE=.2, p&lt;.001), respectively). Several multimorbidity combinations were associated with linear and nonlinear change in depressive symptoms, with hypertension+cancer+arthritis and hypertension+diabetes+arthritis being associated with the most rapid increases in depressive symptoms. Our work highlights the increased risk of depression among older adults with varied multimorbidity combinations and speaks to the mental health burden associated with multimorbidity.
Pharmaceutical donations by the USA: an assessment of relevance and time-to-expiry.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper assesses the relevance and time-to-expiry of pharmaceutical donations by the USA by means of a convenience sample of two private voluntary organizations. Data were collected on 16,566 donations shipped between 1994 and 1997 for the two organizations to a total of 129 countries. For three field study countries (Armenia, Haiti, and the United Republic of Tanzania), between 37% and 65% of donated unique drug products were on the recipient countries' essential drugs lists, and between 50% and 80% were either on these lists or were permissible therapeutic alternatives. Between 10% and 42% were not listed on either the national essential drugs lists or the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs, nor were they permissible therapeutic alternatives. For the worldwide data set, the median times to expiry when shipment by the organizations took place were 599 and 550 days; about 30% of shipment items had a year or less of shelf-life, and about 6% had less than 100 days of shelf-life. Although a majority of the donations fulfilled the criteria of relevance and time-to-expiry, a substantial proportion failed to do so. Actions are proposed with a view to improving the relevance and time-to-expiry of USA pharmaceutical donations.
Studies on heterocyclic chemistry. Part 26. The ring transformation of 3-acylthio-4-aryl-3-isothiazoline-5-thiones to benzo[b]- and naphtho[2,1-b]-thiophens with an acylimino-group at C-2 via the 2-arylethanethioamide derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The oxidative cyclisation, by halogen, of 2-arylethanethioamide derivatives {dialkyl 2-[2-(acylamino)-1-aryl-2-thioxoethylidene]-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarboxylates and their related ketones}, which are synthesized from the reaction of 3-acylthio-4-aryl-3-isothiazoline-5-thiones with reactive acetylenes, to give benzo[b]- and naphtho[2,1-b]-thiophens with an acylimino-group at C-2 in useful yields, is described.
LHD Flxloop #186145.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Flux loop array measures the slow and weak magnetic fluctuation which appears when the significantly large magnetic island produced by the RMP (Resonant Magnetic Perturbations) coil changes. Applying the spatial Fourier decomposition to the toroidal profile, toroidal mode number is derived. Flux loop array has 9 flux loops set at 1-O, 2-O, 3-O, 4-O, 5-O, 7-O, 8-O, 9-O, 10-O.
An Experiment in Microtask Crowdsourcing Software Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Microtask crowdsourcing is a form of crowdsourcing in which work is decomposed into a set of small, self-contained tasks, which each can typically be completed in a matter of minutes. The approach has been used to address a number of different problems, ranging from labeling images to planning travel. To date, however, little is known about the potential of microtask crowdsourcing in software engineering. This thesis explores microtask crowdsourcing as applied to software design work. We particularly conducted a large study with Amazon Mechanical Turk workers, who each provided one or more solution alternatives for a small, partial software design problem. We included two experimental conditions: (1) user interface design work versus internal code design work, and (2) workers operating independently versus workers being shown previous designs from other workers. We report on various results concerning solution diversity, solution quality, and perceived task difficulty, across the different experimental conditions. Our primary findings show that: (1) it is feasible for a crowd to generate a broad range of solution alternatives for a software design problem, (2) solutions alternatives range all over the quality spectrum, and (3) many workers perceived the task as difficult.
Diverging effects of subjective prospect values of uncertain time and money

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Studies from behavioral economics show that the subjective prospect value of money has diminishing sensitivity to losses/gains, represented by an S-shape, and this has been applied in representing the subjective prospect value of time in many transportation studies such as travel behavior modeling and network equilibrium. In this study, we demonstrate that the prospect value of time has an increasing sensitivity to losses/gains and can be represented by an Ϩ-shape, which contrasts that of money. We further explain the rationality of this surprising finding based on psychological and behavioral theories and discuss extensive practical implications. The correlations between sensitivities to gains and losses in terms of magnitude are revealed as well to shed light on potential underlying correlated behavioral principles. Substantial loss-aversion features are observed in the empirical analysis, supporting endowment effects. Implications of the findings on decision-making and other areas that utilize time as a key indicator have been discussed. The findings may revolutionize many research areas that utilize time as a key indicator such as transportation engineering.
[Surgical management of bronchiectasis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exacerbations of bronchiectasis can result in a decline in lung function, a poorer prognosis and a reduction in quality of life. Three female patients aged 57, 41 and 40 presented with recurrent exacerbations of bronchiectasis despite optimal conservative and antibiotic (maintenance) treatment. In one patient the underlying cause of the bronchiectasis could not be identified; in the other two patients there was a post infectious cause. Surgical procedures were performed on account of the presence of localised bronchiectasis. No major complications were observed. All three patients experienced an impressive reduction in symptoms and exacerbations. Moreover, there was only a slight decline in lung function in two patients and an improvement in lung function in one patient. In patients with localised bronchiectasis, recurrent exacerbations and persistent symptoms despite optimal conservative and antibiotic treatment, surgical resection of affected areas could reduce the number of exacerbations and improve quality of life.
Application of Neuroevolution in Autonomous Cars

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the onset of Electric vehicles, and them becoming more and more popular, autonomous cars are the future in the travel/driving experience. The barrier to reaching level 5 autonomy is the difficulty in the collection of data that incorporates good driving habits and the lack thereof. The problem with current implementations of self-driving cars is the need for massively large datasets and the need to evaluate the driving in the dataset. We propose a system that requires no data for its training. An evolutionary model would have the capability to optimize itself towards the fitness function. We have implemented Neuroevolution, a form of genetic algorithm, to train/evolve self-driving cars in a simulated virtual environment with the help of Unreal Engine 4, which utilizes Nvidia's PhysX Physics Engine to portray real-world vehicle dynamics accurately. We were able to observe the serendipitous nature of evolution and have exploited it to reach our optimal solution. We also demonstrate the ease in generalizing attributes brought about by genetic algorithms and how they may be used as a boilerplate upon which other machine learning techniques may be used to improve the overall driving experience.
Encystment and Polymer Production by Azotobacter vinelandii in the Presence of β-Hydroxybutyrate

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cells of Azotobacter vinelandii encysted in Burk's nitrogen-free liquid media which had been supplemented with n -butyl alcohol, β-hydroxybutyrate, or crotonate. Butyraldehyde and butyrate did not influence the extent of encystment. In the absence of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate enhanced the rate and extent of encystment. In the presence of glucose, it promoted abortive encystment, which was manifested by the disorganization of the exine and the release of a highly viscous material into the medium. The soluble, viscous polymer was separated from the medium by a series of ethyl alcohol precipitations and identified as a mucopeptide. It was cleaved by treatment with lysozyme and lysostaphin with a concomitant increase in reducing power. It contained 13.9% N; 56% amino acids, as alanine (alanine, lysine, and glutamic acids); and 42% hexosamines. The polymer appeared to be similar to a noncross-linked peptidoglycan.
New Organic Compounds in Chemical Abstracts and Current Abstracts of Chemistry and Index Chemicus: A Comparison

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Organic Compounds in Chemical Abstracts and Current Abstracts of Chemistry and Index Chemicus: A ComparisonArthur Antony and Janet StevensCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1980, 20, 2, 101–105Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci60022a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ci60022a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Timing of Training

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is one of a series of studies concerned with identifying approaches to maintaining a strong military manpower capability during a period of declining budgets and force levels. The focus of this paper is on past and present policies on the timing of training military personnel. The paper explores the effect that the timing of training has on enlistment, retention, and unit performance. It also reviews the costs and benefits of alternative policies on the timing of training. A structure is presented that considers three possible approaches to training: training early in the first term, training late in the first term, and training delayed until the second term. The cost savings for each approach are discussed, and a framework for further testing is presented.
The Ritual Significance of Feasting in the Formation of Christian Communities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As Jonas of Bobbio recounted in the sixth-century Vita Columbani 1.27, the Irish saint was greatly angered on one occasion when he encountered an Alemannic group making a profane offering of ale to the pagan god Woden. In response, the saint blew on the cask, which contained about twenty measures, and the vessel immediately fragmented, spilling the precious liquid in all directions. In his description of this confrontation, Jonas observed that the devil had been hiding in the barrel, conceivably because he knew that he might win over more souls by providing alcoholic refreshment to the local inhabitants. The miraculous demise of the cask containing the pagan sacrifice thus brought about the conversion of the awed pagans, and the holy man convinced even those who had earlier become Christians to give up their errant ways.1 Likewise, in the Vita Vedastis 7, Jonas described how the saint had agreed to attend a feast of the Franks to which he had been invited. Although many there were Christians, Vaast observed nonetheless that they participated in pagan rites marked most conspicuously by a barrel of beer in the middle of the dwelling. In response,Vaast made the sign of the cross, thereby causing the vessel to shatter and the liquid to pour out upon the floor. Recognizing the inherent spiritual danger of such encounters, he justified his attack on the festivities as necessary for the salvation of all of those present.2
Comparison of meloxicam, tamsulosin and combination of both drugs with 16 Fr and 20 Fr catheter on trial without catheter successfulness in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acute urinary retention, is one of the main complications of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly patients. Trial Without Catheter (TWOC) is a way to evaluate whether a patient can urinate spontaneously after an episode of urinary retention. Objective: To prove that the combination of meloxicam 15 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg orally once daily for three weeks with 20 Fr catheter is more effective in the TWOC successfulness in BPH patients than meloxicam 15 mg or tamsulosin 0.4 mg alone with 16 Fr catheter. Methods: Patients BPH who had the first episode of urinary retention and fulfil the inclusion criteria were randomised. There were six treatment groups (n=6). The treatment group are meloxicam 15 mg + catheter 16 Fr (K1), combination of meloxicam 15 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg + catheter 16 Fr (K2), tamsulosin 0.4 mg + catheter 16 Fr (K3), meloxicam 15 mg + catheter 20 Fr (K4), combination of meloxicam 15 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg + catheter 20 Fr (K5), tamsulosin 0.4 mg + catheter 20 Fr (K6). For each group, drugs were given orally once daily for seven days. Efficacy of TWOC was assessed by the ability of spontaneous urinary after the first 24 hour post urethral catheter treatment, with Q-max result on uroflowmetry = 5 cc/sec and PVR = 100 cc. Result: All subjects from K1 and K4 experience a recurrent episode of urinary retention (100%), 83.3% in K3 and 66.7% in K6. In the combination group, K2 had 50% incidence of repeat urinary retention, while K5 had16.7%. From the whole group, a statistically significant difference with p <0.05 only can be found in K1 and K5 (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The combination of meloxicam 15 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg + 20 Fr catheter had a better effect in TWOC efficacy compared with the meloxicam 15 mg + catheter 16 Fr group.
A Contribution to MBSE-supported Modeling in Product-Production-CoDesign

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article emphasizes the challenges faced by manufacturers in meeting customer demands for complex products while maintaining cost efficiency and operational flexibility. It argues for a shift towards integrated product and production system development to address these system complexities. Traditionally, product development and production planning have been siloed functions, leading to inefficiencies and issues like extended lead times and cost overruns. The concept of Product-Production-CoDesign (PPCD) was introduced to address this issue and identifies increasing system complexity as a major challenge in future manufacturing, with a lack of support from Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methods. This paper presents an activity-based MBSE methodology to support seamless coordination between product design and production processes. Relevant modeling activities from industrial practice are identified and arranged in a framework. Subsequently, views are developed that enable model-based support in the execution of the activities. Finally, the identified activities and views are implemented using the real example of a production system in the automotive sector.
Visual outcome and complications of residents learning phacoemulsification

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasing popularity of phacoemulsification in our country raises important training issues. We prospectively analyzed the incidence of complications and visual outcomes in the initial 70 phacoemulsifications (70 patients) performed by the first two residents learning phacoemulsification in our training programme. Both were experienced in standard (manual) extracapsular cataract extraction. Postoperative follow up of 6 weeks or longer was available in 59 eyes. The 11 patients (11 eyes) lost to follow up did not have any intra-operative complications. The overall incidence of vitreous loss was 10%, similar to the frequency of this complication (determined retrospectively) in the first 70 standard extracapsular cataract extractions performed by the same residents. Intraocular lenses (IOL) were successfully implanted in 62 eyes, as planned. One IOL dislocated into the vitreous was successfully repositioned. Other complications encountered included superior corneal edema (3 eyes), iris damage inferiorly (7 eyes) and clinical cystoid macular edema (5 eyes). A best corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better was obtained in 56 (94.8%) of the 59 eyes available for the six week follow up. In the eyes with vitreous loss, 6 out of 7 had visual acuity better than 6/12. No nuclei were lost into the vitreous. The rate of surgical complications for residents learning phacoemulsification in a supervised manner can be acceptably low.
Effect of sodium chloride, potassium chloride on germination and growth of Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is the second most important species of Millet belonging to family Poaceae. It is a cereal crop mainly planted in poor sites of East Asia. In the present study the impact of different concentrations (100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM) of NaCl, KCl separate and in combination of both these salts in equal amounts was studied on germination ratend some growth parameters of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) using filter paper bioassay and pot experiment. Results showed that 100 mM of NaCl and KCl had the least effect on germination and growth of foxtail millet. However, under all the higher concentrations (150, 200, and 250 mM) of NaCl, KCl marked decrease in radicle length, plumule length, germination rate, stem length, stem thickness, leaves length, leaves number, number of tillers, whole plant weight, spike length, number of grains per spike and weight of 50 grains was recorded as compared to control plants. In combined salts stress, a marked reduction in all growth parameters of the test plant in all salt levels was recorded. It is concluded that with an increase in salt concentration, the effects of salt stress became more pronounced in all salt treatments. The results revealed that the effects of combined salts on the test plants were more pronounced as compared to the effects when the plants were treated with NaCl and KCl salts alone.
Keywords: Foxtail millet (Setaria italic L.); KCl; NaCl; Poaceae; Salt stress
http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80080