jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Larval performance of the oriental fruit moth across fruits from primary and secondary hosts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A common characteristic of many invasive herbivorous insects is their ability to utilize a broad range of host plants. By using various hosts in phenological succession, multivoltine herbivores may increase the number of successful annual generations, at the same time as potentially increasing their overall fitness. To achieve such success, herbivores must be able to develop efficiently on the nutritional resources offered by their hosts. The oriental fruit moth Cydia ( = Grapholita ) molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most damaging invasive insect species. Peach ( Prunus persica ) is its primary host, whereas the pome fruits apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh) and pear ( Pyrus communis ) are considered as secondary hosts. In many parts of its geographical range, including southern Europe, populations of the moth switch from peach to apple or pear orchards during the growing season. The present study tests whether this temporal switch is supported by the physiological capability of the larvae with respect to developing efficiently on fruits of these taxonomically‐related host plants. Larvae are reared on peach, apple or pear fruits; several life‐history traits are measured; and correlations between the traits are calculated. The results obtained show that larvae do not have the same physiological capability with respect to using apple or pear fruits as hosts compared with using peach fruit. Pear fruit in particular is a sub‐optimal diet. These findings suggest that, in the case of continuous geographical expansion, concomitantly with global warming, apple orchards might support oriental fruit moth populations better than pear orchards, and that the switch onto novel hosts might be accompanied by restricted population growth.
On the Consistency of the MMPI in Borderline Personality Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

14 patients diagnosed as having Borderline Personality Disorder were examined on two separate occasions with the MMPI. Results strongly suggest that, as a group, borderline patients are quite consistent responders on the MMPI under test-retest conditions (1 to 58 mo.). The frequency distribution of scale elevations and code types was also examined which showed the often-noted heterogeneity of profile code types within this population. Thus, a note of caution is advised for those investigators who assume that a prototypical borderline MMPI profile exists. Specifically, considerable heterogeneity is seen among this sample of patients with respect to a two-point coding strategy, and individual codes change over time.
The Risk Adjustment of Required Rate of Return for Supply Chain Infrastructure Investments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this article is to apply a risk-adjusted required rate of return to evaluate supply chain capital investments. As part of the design methodology, a computer simulation provides expected cash flows resulting from alternative supply chain investments. These cash flows are discounted at a risk-adjusted required rate of return. The analysis represents a process to measure the risk inherent in supply chain investments. The logistics and supply chain literature has not addressed this problem of the risk inherent in a specific supply chain project. A corporate-wide hurdle rate applied to usually conservative supply chain investments may result in less than adequate investments in supply chain infrastructure. Prior studies have determined risk-adjusted required rate of return for the entire firm, an enterprise's entire supply chain network, but not an individual project within the supply chain. This study calculates a required rate of return for a specific supply chain investment project using a discrete simulation model rather than the more common mathematical model. Individual supply chain investment projects may have less risk or possibly more risk than reflected by a corporate hurdle rate or a supply chain hurdle rate. Using a standard required rate of return could result in too little or too much investment in supply chain facilities. In this study, when the risk-adjusted rate was employed to discount expected cash flows, only two of eleven alternatives evaluated were acceptable investments. The best investment with the highest return was a 12 percent increase in ship loading rate combined with a 33 percent increase in rail unloading capacity. It provided a benefit-cost ratio of 1.25. The limited availability of publicly traded firms that invest in supply chain projects represents a constraint, limiting the accuracy of estimating the market risk factor. Nevertheless, the practical implication is that, when making supply chain infrastructure investment decisions, it is advisable to adjust risk factors in evaluating such capital investments. This approach is preferable to using a corporate-wide hurdle rate, typically too high for such conservative investments. A firm-wide hurdle rate might result in under investment in supply chain facilities.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Antigen induced activation of Th1 cells in the peripheral blood leads to elevated production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) that have been directly linked to disease induction and neuropathic pain. It was hypothesized that following antigenic induction, cytokines gain access to the spinal cord and participate in direct cellular interaction with dorsal horn neurons. Using an animal model of MS, we show that TNF-α gene and protein expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord tissue is increased in the active group. In addition, our findings show TNF-α mRNA expression in the dorsal root entry point. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that antigen induced DRG derived TNF-α can transport to the spinal cord via the dorsal roots and is involved in the underlying pathogenesis of MS induced neuropathic pain.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the High-Tech Sector Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article is aimed at studying the impact of FDI on the development of the high-tech sector of the economy. R\D effects are analyzed through the location of branches of foreign enter- prises. The positive and negative technological spillover effects and FDI inflow consequences are considered. Foreign investment is assessed as a factor of economic development, modern-ization, income, and employment growth. The radical innovations' implementation by the innovative TNCs have been highlighted. The assessment of the success of the most innovative companies confirms the usage of artificial intelligence, platforms, and ecosystems.
Functional differences in the .beta..gamma. complexes of transducin and the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have examined the mechanism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase using the purified alpha and beta gamma subunits of bovine brain inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Ni) (i.e., alpha i and beta gamma N) and bovine retinal transducin (alpha T and beta gamma T) in reconstituted phospholipid vesicle systems. The addition of beta gamma N or beta gamma T to lipid vesicles containing the pure stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Ns) from human erythrocytes as well as a resolved preparation of the catalytic moiety (C) of bovine caudate adenylate cyclase results in significant inhibition of guanine nucleotide stimulated cyclase activity (80-90%). The inhibition by these beta gamma subunit complexes appears to fully account for the inhibitory effects observed with holo-Ni or holotransducin. A variety of structure-function comparisons of the beta gamma N and beta gamma T complexes were performed in order to further probe the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibitory pathway. Whereas the beta subunits of beta gamma N and beta gamma T appear to be very similar, if not identical, on the basis of comparisons of their gel electrophoretic mobility and immunological cross-reactivity, clear differences exist in the apparent structures of gamma N and gamma T. Interestingly, functional differences are observed in the effectiveness of these two beta gamma complexes to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Specifically, while both beta gamma N and beta gamma T are capable of effecting significant levels of inhibition of the guanine nucleotide stimulated activities, the beta gamma N complex is consistently more potent than beta gamma T in inhibiting these activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organizing Global Knowledge Management in a Dispersed Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge has been identified as one of the most important resources that contribute to the competitive advantage of an organization. Such realization has led to a number of studies that have attempted to understand how organizations explore and exploit knowledge from a technological perspective. However, the chapter aims to go beyond the technological perspective by addressing the organizational and social issues of organizing global knowledge sharing. The research is based on an empirical investigation of knowledge sharing processes from an international organization. Through the social construction approach, the chapter traces the interactions between global knowledge management (KM) practices and the organizational context over time.
Borderline Glenoid Bone Defect in Anterior Shoulder Instability: Latarjet Procedure Versus Bankart Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The optimal procedure for anterior shoulder instability with a borderline (15%-20%) bone defect on the anterior rim of the glenoid is still controversial. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcome and recurrence rate between the arthroscopic Bankart repair and Latarjet procedure among patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and a borderline glenoid bone defect. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed cases of arthroscopic Bankart repair and the Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a borderline (15%-20%) glenoid bone defect. Enrollment comprised 149 patients (Bankart group, n = 118; Latarjet group, n = 31). The mean follow-up and age at operation were 28.9 ± 7.3 months (range, 24-73 months) and 26 ± 5 years (range, 16-46 years), respectively. Results: Rowe and UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) shoulder scores significantly improved from 42.0 ± 14.3 and 22.9 ± 3.2 preoperatively to 90.9 ± 15.4 and 32.5 ± 3.3 postoperatively in the Bankart group ( P < .001) and from 41.0 ± 17.9 and 22.3 ± 3.4 to 91.1 ± 16.1 and 32.3 ± 3.4 in the Latarjet group ( P < .001), respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in Rowe ( P = .920) or UCLA ( P = .715) scores at the final follow-up. Mean postoperative loss of motion during forward flexion, external rotation in abduction, and internal rotation to the posterior was 3.0° ± 6.2°, 11.6° ± 10.2°, and 0.6 spinal segment in the Bankart group and 3.7° ± 9.8°, 10.3° ± 12.8°, and 0.9 spinal segment in the Latarjet group, respectively. These differences were not significant. However, the loss of external rotation at the side was significantly greater in the Bankart group (13.3° ± 12.9°) than in the Latarjet group (7.3° ± 18.1°, P = .034). The overall recurrence rate was significantly higher in the Bankart group (22.9%) than in the Latarjet group (6.5%), ( P = .040). Conclusion: The Latarjet procedure and arthroscopic Bankart repair both provided satisfactory clinical outcome scores and pain relief for anterior shoulder instability with a borderline glenoid bone defect. However, the Latarjet procedure resulted in significantly lower recurrences and less external rotation limitation than the arthroscopic Bankart repair. Therefore, the Latarjet procedure could be a more reliable surgical option in anterior recurrent instability with a borderline glenoid bone defect.
Transcriptionally Active Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Owing to the marked sexual dimorphism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sex hormone receptor signaling has been implicated in numerous aspects of liver cancer pathogenesis. We sought to reconcile the clear contribution of androgen receptor (AR) activity that has been established in preclinical models of HCC with the clinical failure of AR antagonists in patients with advanced HCC by evaluating potential resistance mechanisms to AR-targeted therapy. The AR locus was interrogated for resistance-causing genomic modifications using publicly available primary HCC datasets (1,019 samples). Analysis of HCC tumor and cell line RNA-seq data revealed enriched expression of constitutively active, treatment-refractory AR splice variants (AR-SV). HCC cell lines expressed C-terminal-truncated AR-SV; 28 primary HCC samples abundantly expressed AR-SV. Low molecular weight AR species were nuclear localized and constitutively active. Furthermore, AR/AR-SV signaling promoted AR-mediated HCC cell progression and conferred resistance to AR antagonists. Ligand-dependent and -independent AR signaling mediated HCC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the transcription factor SLUG. These data suggest that AR-SV expression in HCC drives HCC progression and resistance to traditional AR antagonists. Novel therapeutic approaches that successfully target AR-SVs may be therapeutically beneficial for HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: Treatment-refractory, constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway.
Management Awareness And Strategies For The Contemporary African Manager Of Organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper addresses a topical issue:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>management awareness and strategies for the contemporary African manager.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The overall aim of the work is to provide a framework for improved management practices for the manager and the intervener in both private and public sectors. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>This framework is not limited to the African manager but has a wider application for other managers of organizations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In pursuant of this objective, relevant key management concepts are explored and discussed bearing in mind that the subject of management is a dynamic and universal phenomenon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Emphasis is placed on the features of the endowed person and the potentials of the human being as the manager and as the most effective contributor to organizational life.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The identified concepts and their properties are interwoven.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Other highlights are:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>(i) the universality in the applications or practices of management; (ii) the peculiarity in the applications and practices of management in different environments or social settings; (iii) management practices, problems and prospects in the African settings (See Table I).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Cases cited and examples drawn are meant <span style="text-decoration: underline;">inter alia</span> to strengthen the objectives of the study.</span></span></p>
3D stepped electrodes on a flexible substrate with permanently bonded poly(dimethylsiloxane) channels for moving microfluid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Interdigitated microelectrode arrays have been exploited to move electrolyte via ac electro-osmosis. The performance of three dimensional (3D) stepped electrodes has been shown to exceed that of planar electrodes. However, to date all prototypes described have been based on solid silicon or glass substrates, limiting the usage of such devices. This report, to our best knowledge, is the first to describe a 3D stepped microelectrode array on a flexible Kapton® substrate. The Kapton surface was modified to make it capable of bonding with poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannels. The metal electrode was patterned by wet etching, a simpler process than previous approaches. Results of bonding, bending, and fluidic testing are reported. The frequency response obtained using deionized water showed maximum velocities of approximately 370 and 180 μm/s at 5Vpp for testing with a flat and bent substrate, respectively.
Effect of curvature and stacking sequence on flexural strength in glass fiber reinforced composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Most of the structures in vehicles used in the automotive, aviation, and marine industries are exposed to different loads. It is seen that these structures are more exposed to flexural stress. Structures can sustain dangerous damage over time under the effects of flexural loads. The resistance of curved glass fiber reinforced polymer composites to flexural force is very important. In this study, the diameters of curved composites of 760 mm, 380 mm, and 304 mm are studied. Also, fiber stacking sequences were determined as [0/0/−45/+45/90/90] S and [90/90/−45/+45/0/0] S and compared. All specimens were produced by vacuum infusion method. Three-point flexural tests were performed according to the ASTM D7264 standard at 1 mm∙min −1 punch speed. Among all composites, 760 mm diameter and Type 2 stacking were found to have the highest flexural strength. Hence, it was observed that the flexural strength decreased with the increase in curvature, and Type 2 fiber layer sequencing is more durable than Type 1 sequencing. This is because the 90° fiber direction in the substrate has a damping effect on the applied force.
Breast cancer screening uptake among women from different ethnic groups in London: a population-based cohort study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To use newly available self-assigned ethnicity information to investigate variation in breast cancer screening uptake for women from the 16 specific ethnic groups within the broad Asian, Black and White groups that previous studies report. Setting National cancer screening programme services within London. Participants 655 516 female residents aged 50–69, invited for screening between March 2006 and December 2009. Ethnicity information was available for 475 478 (72.5%). White British women were the largest group (306 689, 46.8%), followed by Indian (34 687, 5.3%), White Other (30 053, 4.6%), Black Caribbean (25 607, 3.9%), White Irish (17 271, 2.6%), Black African (17 071, 2.6%) and Asian Other (10 579, 1.6%). Outcome measures Uptake for women in different ethnic groups aged 50–52 for a first call invitation to the programme, and for women aged 50–69 for a routine recall invitation after a previous mammography. Uptake is reported (1) for London overall, adjusted using logistic regression, for age at invitation, socioeconomic deprivation and geographical screening area, and (2) for individual areas, adjusted for age and deprivation. Results White British women attended their first call (67%) and routine recall (78%) invitations most often. Indian women were more likely to attend their first (61%) or routine recall (74%) than Bangladeshi women (43% and 61%, respectively), and Black Caribbean women were more likely than Black African women to attend first call (63% vs 49%, respectively) and routine recall (74% vs 64%, respectively). There was less variation between ethnic groups in some screening areas. Conclusions Breast cancer screening uptake in London varies by specific ethnic group for first and subsequent invitations, with White British women being more likely to attend. The variation in the uptake for women from the same ethnic groups in different geographical areas suggests that collaboration about the successful engagement of services with different communities could improve uptake for all women.
Toward Comprehensive Health Status Measures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While health, itself, is the central concept in the sociology of health, little agreement exists on what constitutes an appropriate definition of health. This paper develops two composite health status measures (one continuous summary measure, and one set of eight discrete health state measures) based on the World Health Organization's conceptualization of the physical, social, and psychological dimensions of health. Data from a 1978 regional survey demonstrates the continuous summary measure's reliability (alpha = .70), and validity (factor analytic support for the hypothesized dimensions). The results also indicate that although either of the comprehensive measures significantly increase the goodness of fit of structural models of health service utilization, the set of discrete health state measures increases more the goodness of fit, bringing the explained variance of physician visits up from 16 percent to 30 percent. The magnitude of the increments clearly demonstrates the considerable utility of the comprehensive health status measurement approach.
[Pregnancy and delivery in a woman with mucoviscidosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The first known case of a 20-year-old cystic fibrosis patient in Switzerland, ending at 40 weeks' gestation in delivery by cesarean section performed under peridural anesthesia is presented. Obstetric care of the patient was complicated by pneumonia during the 31st week of pregnancy. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of cystic fibrosis, the problems anticipated during pregnancy, delivery and childbed in patients with cystic fibrosis, and the questions surrounding therapeutic abortion and contraceptive counseling are discussed.