jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Controversies in the Ukrainian field of philosophy of educatio

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In order to establish and outline the current state of Ukrainian philosophy of education as a scientific philosophical direction and at the same time a social institutional system that has emerged in Ukraine during the last three decades, a “controversial” approach is used, a method of studying controversies or disputed points, contradictions and tensions between representations and discourses regarding education A working definition of controversy is formulated as an intermediate category that contributes to overcoming gaps between the object of research and the research position in a situation of contradiction and tension between representations and discourses around a certain object, which is expressed in open or hidden debates, disputes, etc. and which characterized by zones of uncertainty regarding the “trajectory“ of this object. An attempt is made to catalog the controversies of the philosophy of education. The controversies of the hypostases of the philosophy of education, reforms of Ukrainian education are considered; interaction between education and philosophy of education in the system of “dirty systems”; toxic spaces in education and the action of the Lucifer effect (F. Zimbardo) in them as the metamorphosis of good into evil. The precedent of the loss of reputation by a group of scientists representing the field of philosophy of education is discussed. The progress of the Ukrainian philosophy of education is noted and its tasks are outlined in the research of social relations in education, the sphere of relations between subjects of education, toxic spaces in education. The “controversial” approach provides an opportunity to bring the philosophy of education closer to the subjects of education, involving them in the study of tensions between discourses and representations that they create and formulate.
Debt renegotiation under reputation concerns and tolerance for failure

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We propose a career concern model where a privately informed entrepreneur reports the firm financial situation. On this basis, the creditor may offer debt renegotiation. Due to reputation concerns, the entrepreneur may feel reluctant to restructure and may manipulate information. We analyze how creditor attitude towards failure and entrepreneurs reputation concerns interact and influence the restructuring decision. We show that debt renegotiation under more lenient conditions discourages manipulation because entrepreneurs are ensured that their reputation will not suffer from revealing financial difficulties. Intolerant creditors make entrepreneurs more concerned about reputation weakening their incentives to restructure, leading to inefficient continuation of investments.
Dual PatchNorm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose Dual PatchNorm: two Layer Normalization layers (LayerNorms), before and after the patch embedding layer in Vision Transformers. We demonstrate that Dual PatchNorm outperforms the result of exhaustive search for alternative LayerNorm placement strategies in the Transformer block itself. In our experiments, incorporating this trivial modification, often leads to improved accuracy over well-tuned Vision Transformers and never hurts.
Introduction: Needs for New Global Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Electronics City, an agglomeration of IT companies, lies approximately 40 min away by road from Bangalore, India. Stepping into the Infosys headquarters located here reveals a world completely different from the rest of India, with its roadside vendors, auto rickshaws, and overwhelming disorderliness. From its expansive campus with its well-manicured lawns, rows of modern buildings, cafeterias, putting greens, and gyms, Infosys provides IT services to the world's largest corporations. Among the striking buildings in the campus, a pyramid-shaped studio located at the center of the campus draws much attention. The studio contains advanced broadcasting equipment and supports a local TV station. This studio enables worldwide connectivity by way of a high-speed satellite link, and the studio's interiors compel one to question their whereabouts. In such a setup, one may feel the world to be flat. Thomas Friedman, a US journalist and author of "The World Is Flat" (Friedman 2005), states that economic activities have enabled the disappearance of national borders in today's world, through ongoing liberalization of international trade and investment brought about by information revolution and organizations such as the WTO. The book mentions Infosys from the outset, stating that the author arrived at the concept of a "flat world" through an interview with the company's former CEO, Nandan Nilekani.
Generic Strategies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Generic strategies are an attempt to categorize the various strategic options for competing in a market into a simple set of strategy types, a typology. Porter offered the first and most celebrated attempt at this following his seminal 1980 book on competitive strategy. He offered three main types: cost, differentiation, and focus. This was a simple but powerful approach that fostered better general comprehension of strategy forces. However, it suffers from conceptual difficulties primarily the assertion that cost and differentiation are mutually exclusive leading to the famous “stuck in the middle debate.” It also suffers from being too simplistic to capture the realities and complexities of differentiation strategies. It also largely ignores resource side considerations. The Mintzberg typology is noted as an alternative.
The Experimental Investigation of the Transient Regime of Solar Electric-Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems under Desert Weather Conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Hot and dry environments may adversely affect the efficiency and performance of vapor compression refrigeration systems, increasing energy consumption and operating challenges.This experimental investigation examines the thermodynamic aspects of solar electric-vapor compression refrigeration systems built in southwest Algeria's ADRAR province's climate.For this, a reliable monitoring and recording device on the testing bench records one-minute data intervals.An example assessment on a sample test day in July 2023.At 2:05 PM, the outdoor weather was 49.4℃, 1-3% RH, and 1020 w/m 2 global solar GHI, coinciding with high cooling requirements.About 100 kg of tomatoes is introduced into storage space at 11:16 AM with a thermostat setting at 8-12℃.In the first transient regime, the results indicate that the compressor functions at 25 bar with a compression ratio of about 5 for 67 minutes.The store's chill temperature is reduced to 15℃, whereas the internal relative humidity is between 70% and 90%.The condensation temperature and pressure are high, so the distributions are within the manufacturer's limit.These circumstances enable refrigeration unit efficiency to approach an average COP value of 1.08.The high irreversibility between indoor and outdoor environments frequently impacts expansion and evaporation temperatures.In contrast, with a recommended choice of specific technical criteria, this solar PV refrigeration facility is an alternate sustainable solution for unreliable or distant grids and remote Saharan farmlands.
Organic fertilization suppresses aphid growth via carabids in the absence of specialist predators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biological control by natural enemies is a valuable ecosystem service. The predator community in a crop field is a combination of predators dwelling in the field and those moving into it from the surrounding landscape. The former is mainly affected by field management, the latter more by the composition of the surrounding landscape. Yet, separate and combined effects of local and landscape management on pest suppression have seldom been investigated. We set-up mesocosms within an existing long-term agricultural field experiment to investigate the effects of local management of organic manure or inorganic mineral fertilisation and simulated the spillover from the surrounding landscape of different predator types: no predators, generalist predators (wolf spiders) and specialist predators (ladybirds). We examined whether aphid density was driven by top-down or bottom-up processes under different fertilisation treatments, and how the magnitude of pest suppression was affected by predator community composition. We found positive synergistic effects between manure fertilisation and predator spillover on the suppression of aphid growth. Top-down suppression of aphids was more effective under manure fertilisation and in presence of specialist predators (ladybirds). Bottom-up effects on the plant biomass growth dominated in inorganically fertilised plots. Organic and inorganic fertilisation gave the same seed yield, but through different mechanisms. The abundance of locally emerging predators in the manure treatment increased top-down pest suppression yielding plant biomass levels comparable with inorganically fertilised plants, being the latter driven by bottom-up effects. Synthesis and applications. Organic fertilisation enhanced local emergence of predators increasing top-down pest suppression. In contrast, local predator communities were unable to suppress aphid populations in inorganic and no-fertilisation treatments. Here, predator inflow from outside the crop field was essential for lowering aphid population growth. Managing landscapes to promote mobile predators emerges as particularly important for crop fields without manure amendments. We advise the active promotion of both local predators in the crop field and mobile predators in the landscape to secure the conservation of biological insect pest suppression.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Targeting Protein Kinase CK2 Suppresses Prosurvival Signaling Pathways and Growth of Glioblastoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 67K, Supplemental Figure 3. Inhibition of CK2 Suppresses Constitutive AKT Activation in GBM Cells.</p>
Generic Limits of Dryopetalon, Rollinsia, Sibara, and Thelypodiopsis (Brassicaceae), and a Synopsis of Dryopetalon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The genus Rollinsia Al-Shehbaz is reduced to synonymy of Dryopetalon A. Gray (Brassicaceae), and the characters distinguishing the latter from Sibara Greene and Thelypodiopsis Rydberg are discussed. An expanded description of Dryopetalon (southern United States and northern Mexico) and a key, synonymies, and distributions of its eight species are presented. The new combinations D. breedlovei (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz, D. byei (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz, D. paysonii (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz, and D. viereckii (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz are proposed. Dryopetalon purpureum Rollins is reduced to synonymy of D. palmeri (S. Watson) O. E. Schulz, and D. crenatum var. racemosum Rollins and D. runcinatum var. laxiflorum Rollins are reduced to synonymy of their respective species. Arabis endlichii O. E. Schulz is lectotypified.
Thermal Denaturation of Soybean Protein at Low Water Contents

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Thermal Denaturation of Soybean Protein at Low Water Contents Get access Naofumi Kitabatake, Naofumi Kitabatake Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mineo Tahara, Mineo Tahara Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Etsushiro Doi Etsushiro Doi Research Institute for Food Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 9, 1 September 1990, Pages 2205–2212, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870318 Published: 01 September 1990 Article history Received: 25 January 1990 Published: 01 September 1990
Management of Salinity Issues in Iraq's Agricultural Sector Using SWOT Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Iraq's agricultural sector suffers from the salinity problem of agricultural land which reflects negatively on the production of field crops and agricultural land investment, particularly in the governorates geographically located in the sedimentary plain. The management of salinity problems facing by the agricultural sector has become crucial priorities for the Iraqi government. In this study, SWOT analysis was applied to suggest proper strategies that might be followed to solve the problem of salinity. After the internal and external factors have been identified, 17 strategies planning was developed. Internal–External Matrix (IE matrix) was used to select the appropriate type of strategy. Based on the results of Internal–External Matrix, government should consider the conservative strategies. Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was also used in this study. By applying the QSPM, re-arrangement of the proposed strategies has been made by importance and priority. The first three suggested strategies in term of importance and priority were establishment of the National Center for Agricultural Policy, investing in improved irrigation systems such sprinkler and drip irrigation and innovative agricultural technologies to control salinity are urgent.
Clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease among Sudanese patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor system. It is a chronic progressive disorder leading to long standing disability.Objective: To study the clinical presentation of PD among Sudanese patients seen at Elshaab Teaching Hospital during the period from May2004-April 2008.Methodology: In this descriptive prospective, cross sectional hospital based study, 94 patients were studied using standardized questionnaire including history and clinical examination.Result: The total number diagnosed to have PD was 94 patients. Male to female ratio was found to be1.5:1.Common age group affected was 70-80 years (24.47%).The common presenting symptom was found to be poverty of movement (93.6%) followed by tremor (82.98%). On neurologicalexamination; rigidity, dyskinesia and festinate gait were the common signs. Primitive reflexes were found in significant number of patients. Idiopathic PD was found to be the common type (75.53%). Of the side effects of benzhexol, 66.67% of our patients developed dry mouth. Postural hypotension was seen in 10.42% of the patients who were taking levodopa.Conclusion: The clinical presentations of our patients does not differ from what was mentioned in the literatureKeywords: rigidity, dyskinesia, festinate gait, benzhexol, levodopa.
Teknik aplikasi dan efektivitas formula VGR untuk penurunan tingkat layu pentil kakao Application techniques and effectivity of VGR formulas to reduce cherelle wilt in cacao

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryIndonesia cacao plantations have relatively low productivity, which actually can be improved by reducing cherelle wilt using vegetative growth retardant (VGR) formula with proper composition. This paper describes research progress aimed to formulate molecular inducer capable of reducing cherelle wilt in cacao plantation. The main constituent of the formula was VGR of chloro choline type with additional component of a acidic buffer. Chemical environment was adjusted for better effectiveness of the formula. The application to examine the affectivity was conducted by several ways with the aqueous solution at 25 to 200 ppm. The observation was recorded twice a week. Examination in experimentation showed that foliar spray at upper side was the best among 6 methods tested. Experiments done in a commercial plantation demonstrated that VGR was able to reduce cherelle wilt in cacao. Addition of acidic buffer improved the performance of VGR formula. At 3 and 4 weeks after the treatments with the VGR formulas, cherelle wilt were decreased to become 18.8% and 39.9%. These numbers were significantly lower than the percentages of cherelle wilt on the trees sprayed only with water, which reached to 48.8% dan 64.6% at 3 and 4 weeks after treatments respectively. RingkasanProduktivitas perkebunan kakao Indonesia relatif rendah. Usaha peningkatan produktivitasnya dapat ditempuh melalui pengurangan jumlah layu pentil kakao, dengan cara mengaplikasikan formula zat pengatur tumbuh dari jenis penghambat pertumbuhan vegetatif (VGR) berkomposisi sesuai. Makalah ini membahas hasil penelitian tentang pengembangan suatu teknologi praktis untuk menurunkan tingkat layu pentil kakao. Sebagai komponen utama adalah VGR jenis kloro kolin dengan suplemen bufer asam. Kondisi kimiawi tertentu formula tersebut merupakan pertimbangan tambahan dalam mendapatkan keefektifan yang lebih baik. Aplikasinya dilakukan dengan berbagai cara pada tanaman yang sedang berbuah kecil (pentil) dengan konsentrasi VGR bervariasi antara 25 hingga 200 ppm. Pengamatan dilakukan secara periodik dua kali dalam satu minggu. Dari enam cara aplikasi yang diuji, penyemprotan lapis atas daun merupakan cara yang terefektif. Percobaan pada tanaman kakao di kebun percobaan maupun kebun komersial menunjukkan bahwa VGR mampu menekan layu pentil kakao. Formula VGR yang mengandung bufer asam memiliki daya pengurangan layu pentil lebih baik daripada yang tanpa bufer. Pada pengamatan 3 dan 4 minggu setelah aplikasi formula VGR, tingkat layu pentil pada pohon kakao yang disemprot dengan formula VGR berbufer hanya sekitar 18,8% dan 39,9%. Sementara itu pada pohonpohon yang hanya disemprot dengan air, layu pentil pada waktu pengamatan tersebut mencapai 48,8% dan 64,6%.
2006: A Case Study on the Effects of Heterogeneous Soil Moisture on Mesoscale Boundary-Layer Structure

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) depth was observed by airborne lidar and balloon soundings during the Southern Great Plains 1997 field study (SGP97). This paper is Part I of a two-part case study examining the relationship of surface heterogeneity to observed ABL structure. Part I focuses on observations. During two days (12–13 July 1997) following rain, midday convective ABL depth varied by as much as 1.5 km across 400 km, even with moderate winds. Variability in ABL depth was driven primarily by the spatial vari-ation in surface buoyancy flux as measured from short towers and aircraft within the SGP97 domain. Strong correlation was found between time-integrated buoyancy flux and airborne remotely sensed surface soil moisture for the two case-study days, but only a weak correla-tion was found between surface energy fluxes and vegetation greenness as measured by satel-lite. A simple prognostic one-dimensional ABL model was applied to test to what extent the soil moisture spatial heterogeneity explained the variation in north–south ABL depth across the SGP97 domain. The model was able to better predict mean ABL depth and variations on horizontal scales of approximately 100 km using observed soil moisture instead of con-stant soil moisture. Subsidence, advection, convergence/divergence and spatial variability of
OTH-08 Circulating microRNAs linked to immunometabolic traits associate with faecal microbiota transplantation for clostridioides difficile infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

The molecular mechanisms underlying successful faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI) remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterise alterations in circulating microRNAs and immunometabolic traits following FMT for rCDI.

Methods

We analysed a subset of serum samples previously acquired from a prospective multicentre, randomized trial of FMT delivered by capsule vs colonoscopy in the management of rCDI [NCT02254811]. 126 sera from 42 patients at screening, 4 and 12 weeks post FMT [12M, median age 68.5 yrs (2–1); 30 F, 53 yrs (2–1)] were included. MicroRNA panel v3 and the nCounter platform (Nanostring Tech) were used for the analysis of 800 microRNAs. Quantitative PCR and 3'UTR reporter assays were employed to verify microRNA inflammatory protein targets in colonic epithelial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biometal levels were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UPLC) and nano-liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-MS) were utilised to profile the total serum and IgG Fc N-glycome. Pathway analysis was performed using Metacore software. All statistical analyses including non-parametric longitudinal method (nparLD) followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test for pairwise comparisons and linear mixed modelling were performed in SPSS v.24 and R 3.5.1.

Results

MicroRNA profiling revealed an upregulation in the levels of 64 circulating microRNAs 4 and 12 weeks following successful FMT for rCDI compared to screening time point. MicroRNA signatures coincide with a reduction in circulating selenium and copper, and regulate levels of interleukin-12B, (IL-12B), IL-18 and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) as well as serum protein N-glycosylation traits. MicroRNA alterations reveal commonalities with several types of cancer and multiple sclerosis, and link metabolic traits to immune cell survival and differentiation.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FMT and identify new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Geometric spanner for routing in mobile networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new routing graph, the Restricted Delaunay Graph (RDG), for ad hoc networks. Combined with a node clustering algorithm RDG can be used as an underlying graph for geographic routing protocols. This graph has the following attractive properties: (1) it is a planar graph; (2) between any two nodes there exists a path in the RDG whose length, whether measured in terms of topological or Euclidean distance, is only a constant times the optimum length possible; and (3) the graph can be maintained efficiently in a distributed manner when the nodes move around. Furthermore, each node only needs constant time to make routing decisions. We also show by simulation that the RDG outperforms the previously proposed routing graphs under the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol. In addition, we investigate theoretical bounds on the quality of paths discovered using GPSR