jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
USING SEMI-FINISHED PUMPKIN IN THE RECIPE AND COOKIES TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the study is the use of a pumpkin semi-finished product in the development of a recipe and technology for shortbread biscuits. Objectives: to investigate the effect of flour from pumpkin seeds on the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of shortbread biscuits; to develop a recipe and a scheme for the production of a new type of shortbread biscuits. Objects of study – flour from pumpkin seeds, stevia powder; sand semi-finished product according to recipe № 8, experimental samples of products with the addition of flour from pumpkin seeds and stevia powder. The collection of pumpkin fruits of the Rossiyanka variety was carried out in the Partizansky District of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The yield of pumpkin is 20 tons per hectare. Of these, 10 % are pumpkin seeds, which allows them to be used for the manufacture of flour confectionery. Pumpkin seeds were pre-dried at a temperature of 45 °C in an oven to a loose state, and then manually peeled. The cleaned seeds were crushed in a mill for 2 min. In control and experimental samples of cookies, organoleptic and physico-chemical quality indicators were determined in accordance with GOST 24901-2014. Mathematical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the MS Excel program. The optimal dosage of the introduced additive was experimentally established in the amount of 10 % by weight of premium wheat flour. The obtained prototypes were tested in the Center for Healthy Nutrition, Krasnoyarsk. The nutritional value of the obtained samples was calculated. A recipe and technology for shortbread cookies Semechko were developed. The results of the experiments showed the possibility of using stevia powder and pumpkin seed flour in the recipe for shortbread cookies, which have a higher nutritional value.
Log Linear Regression Model for the Identification and Blocking of Fraudulent Application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Our lives now revolve around mobile applications, yet it can be difficult to assess their reliability and safety. To solve this, a method that predicts app safety using characteristics including ratings, reviews, in-app purchases, and adverts has been developed. To assess the efficacy of the system, three ML (Machine Learning) models–DT (Decision Tree), LR (Log linear Regression), and NB (Naïve Bayes)–were compared. The LR model performed the best, with a precision of 0.87, a recall of 0.85, an F1 score of 0.815, and an accuracy of 85%. These findings demonstrate the model's dependability in evaluating app safety. This approach of using ML models automates evaluation and yields more reliable and consistent outcomes. Mobile apps are becoming increasingly crucial in our day-to-day lives, and this technology represents a promising step towards assuring the safety and reliability of mobile applications.
Analysing security risks in computer and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) networks using attack and protection trees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The commercial use of the internet has grown to a point where much of the world's economy is reliant on its ability to securely provide connectivity for most businesses and government agencies. Additionally the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies has permeated many aspects of our daily lives where accountability and access are involved. In recent years, attack trees have been developed to describe processes by which malicious users attempt to exploit or break computer software AND/OR networks. Attack trees are a way of decomposing, visualising, and determining the cost or likeliness of attacks. Attack trees by themselves do not offer enough analysis capability to determine which protections to implement and where to place them in the system to mitigate the vulnerabilities found. We propose the use of protection trees to offer a detailed risk analysis in the protection of a system. To illustrate their use, attack and protection trees are developed and analysed.
Likelihood models of somatic mutation and codon substitution in cancer genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of somatic mutation in cancer is well established and several genes have been identified that are frequent targets. This has enabled large-scale screening studies of the spectrum of somatic mutations in cancers of particular organs. Cancer gene mutation databases compile the results of many studies and can provide insight into the importance of specific amino acid sequences and functional domains in cancer, as well as elucidate aspects of the mutation process. Past studies of the spectrum of cancer mutations (in particular genes) have examined overall frequencies of mutation (at specific nucleotides) and of missense, nonsense, and silent substitution (at specific codons) both in the sequence as a whole and in a specific functional domain. Existing methods ignore features of the genetic code that allow some codons to mutate to missense, or stop, codons more readily than others (i.e., by one nucleotide change, vs. two or three). A new codon-based method to estimate the relative rate of substitution (fixation of a somatic mutation in a cancer cell lineage) of nonsense vs. missense mutations in different functional domains and in different tumor tissues is presented. Models that account for several potential influences on rates of somatic mutation and substitution in cancer progenitor cells and allow biases of mutation rates for particular dinucleotide sequences (CGs and dipyrimidines), transition vs. transversion bias, and variable rates of silent substitution across functional domains (useful in detecting investigator sampling bias) are considered. Likelihood-ratio tests are used to choose among models, using cancer gene mutation data. The method is applied to analyze published data on the spectrum of p53 mutations in cancers. A novel finding is that the ratio of the probability of nonsense to missense substitution is much lower in the DNA-binding and transactivation domains (ratios near 1) than in structural domains such as the linker, tetramerization (oligomerization), and proline-rich domains (ratios exceeding 100 in some tissues), implying that the specific amino acid sequence may be less critical in structural domains (e.g., amino acid changes less often lead to cancer). The transition vs. transversion bias and effect of CpG dinucleotides on mutation rates in p53 varied greatly across cancers of different organs, likely reflecting effects of different endogenous and exogenous factors influencing mutation in specific organs.
Perinatal probiotic intervention prevented allergic disease in a Caesarean‐delivered subgroup at 13‐year follow‐up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Background The long‐term effects of probiotic intervention for primary prevention of allergic diseases are not well known. We previously reported less eczema until 10 years in our probiotic intervention trial. Objective To investigate the effect of early probiotic intervention on the prevalence of allergic diseases up to 13 years of age. Methods Pregnant women (n = 1223) carrying a child at a high risk of allergy (at least one parent with allergic disease) were randomized to receive a mixture of probiotics ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and LC 705, Bifidobacterium breve Bb99 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ) or placebo in a double‐blind manner from 36 weeks of gestation until birth. Their infants received the same product for the first six months (registration number NCT 00298337). At 13‐year follow‐up, the participants were requested to return a questionnaire and to provide a blood sample. Results A questionnaire was returned by 642 participants (63.1% of intention‐to‐treat infants), and 459 provided a blood sample. In the whole cohort, there were no statistically significant differences in doctor‐diagnosed allergic disease (55.2% and 59.0%, probiotic and placebo group, respectively) or allergic disease (47.9% and 51.6%) based on the ISAAC questionnaire data. Inhalant‐specific IgE sensitization (>0.7 kU /L) was 59.3% in the probiotic group and 49.8% in the placebo group ( P = 0.040). In a post hoc analysis made in Caesarean‐delivered subgroup, allergy was reported in 41.5% of the probiotic group and 67.9% of the placebo group ( P = 0.006), and eczema in 18.9% and 37.5%, respectively ( P = 0.031). In the whole cohort, 8.5% of the probiotic group had suffered from wheezing attacks during the previous 12 months vs 14.7% in the placebo group ( P = 0.013). There were no statistically significant differences discovered between the characteristics of the participating group and the dropout group. Conclusions Probiotic intervention protected Caesarean‐delivered subgroup from allergic disease and eczema, but not the total cohort.
An exploratory analysis of employer branding in healthcare

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how large, public companies in the health industry communicatively engage in employer branding on career homepages. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory content analysis of the career homepages ( N = 42; 8,500) was conducted to analyze the communication of successful organizations in four realms of the public health-care industry to include Biotech ( n =10), Managed Health Care ( n = 8), Medical and Equipment Supplies ( n = 12) and Pharmaceuticals ( n = 12). Findings The analysis revealed the following ten major themes of content: Worldview, Stakeholders, Environment, Excellence, Dedication, Aid, Unity, Advancement, Distinctiveness and Industry/Organization. Additionally, the results revealed that health-care employer branding often communicated about Stakeholders, Industry/Organization and Advancement. Research limitations/implications The results of this study aid researchers in understanding the foundational content of employee branding efforts in the health industry. Practical implications The results assist practitioners in understanding how different health-care industries and organizations engage in employer branding on career homepages. Originality/value The results of this study function to both confirm previous findings related to employer branding and extend research on employer branding into the career homepages of organizations in the health-care industry.
CD25-targeted IL-2 promotes improved outcomes of influenza infection and boosts memory CD4 T cell formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Interleukin-2 is a pleotropic cytokine with potent pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. These divergent impacts can be directed in vivo by forming complexes of recombinant IL-2 and anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibodies (IL-2C) to target IL-2 to distinct subsets of cells based on their expression of subunits of the IL-2 receptor. Herein we show that treatment of mice with a prototypical anti-inflammatory IL-2C, JES6-1-IL-2C, best known to induce CD25+ regulatory CD4 T cell expansion, surprisingly causes robust induction of a suite of inflammatory factors in the lung. However, treating mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV) with this IL-2C reduces lung immunopathology and is associated with marked expansion of regulatory CD4 T cells and innate lymphoid cells. We compare the spectrum of inflammatory proteins upregulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-2C treatment and uncover a pattern of expression that reveals potential beneficial versus detrimental aspects of the influenza-associated cytokine-storm. Moreover, we show that JES6-1-IL-2C can deliver survival signals to CD4 T cells responding to IAV that improve their memory fitness, indicating a novel application of IL-2 to boost pathogen-specific T cell memory while simultaneously reducing immunopathology.
Apical Vesicles Bearing Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptors in the Ca2+Initiation Site of Ductal Epithelium of Submandibular Gland

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In polarized epithelial cells, agonists trigger Ca2+ waves and oscillations. These patterns may be caused by the compartmentalization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive Ca2+ pools into specific regions. We have investigated the relationship between the distribution of IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) and the spatiotemporal pattern of Ca2+ signaling in the duct cells of the rat submandibular gland (SMG). Using immunofluorescence, although labeling was somewhat heterogeneous, the IP3Rs were colocalized to the apical pole of the duct cells. Immunoelectron microscopy identified small apical vesicles bearing IP3R2 in some types of duct cells. Real-time confocal imaging of intact ducts demonstrated that, after carbachol stimulation, an initial Ca2+ spike occurred in the apical region. Subsequently, repetitive Ca2+ spikes spread from the apical to the middle cytoplasm. These apical Ca2+ initiation sites were found only in some “pioneer cells,” rather than in all duct cells. We performed both Ca2+ imaging and immunofluorescence on the same ducts and detected the strongest immunosignals of IP3R2 in the Ca2+ initiation sites of the pioneer cells. The subcellular localization and expression level of IP3Rs correlated strongly with the spatiotemporal nature of the intracellular Ca2+ signal and distinct Ca2+ responses among the rat SMG duct cells.
Cornering the Market: State Strategies for Controlling China’s Commercial Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decentralization of state power over media ownership led to new challenges for state control of media content in the 1980s. Following the Chinese Communist Party's legitimacy crisis after Tiananmen, party leaders in charge of China's public media permitted greater freedom for news content deemed politically "safe," while maintaining tight control over politically sensitive news content. In order to supplement coercive strategies, the state developed market incentives to encourage media to produce news that was politically acceptable and popular with consumers. To test the extent to which commercial media have complied with the state's content priorities, this article considers evidence from a case study on news coverage of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), an epidemic seen by the party as threatening to regime legitimacy. The SARS case study reveals that in the presence of tremendous market demand for information, state control of the news media was considerable but not absolute.
ROBUST STABILIZATION OF A QUADROTOR UAV IN PRESENCE OF ACTUATOR AND SENSOR FAULTS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the stabilization problem of an underactuated quadrotor UAV system in presence of actuator and sensor faults. The dynamical model of quadrotor while taking into account various physical phenomena, which can influence the dynamics of a flying structure is presented. Subsequently, a new control strategy based on backstepping approach, taking into account the actuator and sensor faults is developed. Lyapunov based stability analysis shows that the proposed control strategy design keeps the stability of the closed loop dynamics of quadrotor UAV even after the presence of these faults. Simulations of the controlled system, illustrate that the proposed control strategy is able to maintain performance levels and to preserve stability under the occurrence of actuator and sensor faults.
Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are growing data and a continuing controversy over the effect of folic acid supplementation on cancer risk. We conducted a meta‐analysis based on up‐to‐date published relevant randomized trials to further examine this issue. Relative risk ( RR ) was used to measure the effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cancer using a random‐effects model. Overall, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on total cancer incidence (13 trials, n = 49,406, RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.99–1.11, p = 0.13), colorectal cancer (seven trials, n = 33,824, 1.01; 0.82–1.23, p = 0.95), other gastrointestinal cancer (two trials, n = 20,228, 1.00; 0.75–1.33, p = 0.99), prostate cancer (five trials, n = 27,065, 1.17; 0.84–1.62, p = 0.35), other genitourinary cancer (two trials, n = 20,228, 0.97; 0.75–1.27, p = 0.84), lung cancer (five trials, n = 31,864, 1.00; 0.84–1.21, p = 0.97), breast cancer (four trials, n = 19,800, 0.82; 0.63–1.07, p = 0.15), hematological malignancy (three trials, n = 25,670, 0.87; 0.64–1.17, p = 0.35) and total cancer mortality (six trials, n = 31,930, 1.02; 0.90–1.15, p = 0.81). However, a significantly reduced risk was observed for melanoma (three trials, n = 19,128, 0.47; 0.23–0.94, p = 0.03). Furthermore, higher total cancer incidence risk was observed among those trials with a higher percent use of lipid‐lowering drugs (>60%, 1.10; 1.00–1.20, p = 0.04), or with lower percent baseline hypertension (≤70%, 1.08; 1.00–1.16, p = 0.057).Consistently, meta‐regression analyses suggested that the similar trend between percent use of lipid‐lowering drugs ( p = 0.084) or percent baseline hypertension ( p = 0.056) and log‐RR for total cancer incidence associated with folic acid supplementation. Our findings indicate that folic acid supplementation has no significant effect on total cancer incidence, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer or hematological malignancy, but reduces the risk of melanoma.
A Journal Bearing with Variable Geometry for Reduction of Rotor Resonance Vibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An idea for a journal bearing with variable stiffness and damping properties is developed in order to decrease the vibration amplitude of a rotorjournal bearing system during passage through resonance. The introduction of an additional fluid film thickness in the bearing is proposed in this work in order to alter the dynamic properties in the bearing. The bearing ring is divided into two parts with the upper part being fixed with the housing and the lower part being flexibly mounted by a preloaded spring in parallel with a viscous damper. This allows relative motion between the two parts of the bearing ring. The relative motion introduces an additional fluid film zone in the bearing under the passive displacement of the lower part due to the higher impedance forces that are developed in the lubricant film close to resonance. The general concept is to change the system’s damping and stiffness coefficients using this extra fluid film thickness only when the system passes through its critical speed in order to quench the vibration amplitude. In the rest rotational speeds the bearing is considered to be fixed in order to behave as it was designed under the normal loading operational conditions. During the start up of a rotor bearing system the fluid film force magnitude can be calculated by solving the Reynold’s equation for every discrete time instant of journal response and thus the impedance forces are calculated. As the impedance fluid film forces obtain higher value during resonance (due to higher eccentricity of the journal), the moving part of the bearing (that is mounted in the external spring and damper) obtains the proper displacement so as to the additional fluid film to be introduced. In the external ‘spring-damper’ system the input (fluid film vertical force) and the output (bearing moving part displacement) are related with the convolution integral since the input is always a function of the bearing lower part displacement. A numerical simulation of a simple elastic shaft model supported by two journal bearings with variable geometry verifies that the vibration amplitude in the rotor’s mid-span is reduced by up to 70% compared to conventional journal bearing, while the vibration amplitude of the journal whirling inside each bearing do not show sensible difference.
Design and assessment of a geographic visualization tool to support earth science learning

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports on the development and assessment of an animated and interactive geovisualization environment and on implications of this environment for learning about spatiotemporal processes. This environment, the EarthSystemVisualizer (ESV), is designed to facilitate learning about global weather. Our goals in designing ESV were (1) to evaluate two exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) techniques: temporal brushing and temporal focusing and (2) to determine whether an interactive geovisualization environment influenced problem solving strategies, approaches to learning, and students&apos; ability to generate hypotheses about earth-science processes. Focus group sessions were conducted with both expert and novice users to assess an initial design for the ESV interface prior to conducting a task-based assessment of ESV use. Changes were implemented in response to the focus group results, including the redesign of a temporal legend and improved speed and direction controls. Our task-based assessment considered student reactions to components of the ESV, whether the ESV could be used by students to answer objective questions about global scale weather processes, and whether the system (particularly its focusing and brushing tools) had an impact on hypotheses generated about relationships among weather variables. The assessment revealed that focusing and brushing had little impact on students&apos; ability to answer a series of objective questions. Performance suffered for students who were confused by the focusing and brushing tools. In fact, students without the tools performed better than did those who were confused by the tools, but students who understood the tools performed the best. We also concluded that the level of the visualization system must be well matched to t...
Refined Gate: A Simple and Effective Gating Mechanism for Recurrent Units

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recurrent neural network (RNN) has been widely studied in sequence learning tasks, while the mainstream models (e.g., LSTM and GRU) rely on the gating mechanism (in control of how information flows between hidden states). However, the vanilla gates in RNN (e.g., the input gate in LSTM) suffer from the problem of gate undertraining, which can be caused by various factors, such as the saturating activation functions, the gate layouts (e.g., the gate number and gating functions), or even the suboptimal memory state etc.. Those may result in failures of learning gating switch roles and thus the weak performance. In this paper, we propose a new gating mechanism within general gated recurrent neural networks to handle this issue. Specifically, the proposed gates directly short connect the extracted input features to the outputs of vanilla gates, denoted as refined gates. The refining mechanism allows enhancing gradient back-propagation as well as extending the gating activation scope, which can guide RNN to reach possibly deeper minima. We verify the proposed gating mechanism on three popular types of gated RNNs including LSTM, GRU and MGU. Extensive experiments on 3 synthetic tasks, 3 language modeling tasks and 5 scene text recognition benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
[Active E rosette test in the study of PPD hypersensitivity].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In our study we show that pre-incubation of lymphocytes with PPD "in vitro", produces a significant increase in the number of E active rosettes. This increase is only for subjects with cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin. We think this is a specific test and we studied the confidence interval for our results. We discuss the possibility to evaluate the immune-status of a subject, testing his lymphocytes with a panel of antigens. The active E rosette test is simpler, cheaper and easier to perform than other tests to evaluate the cellular immune-status of patients.