jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermal Analysis of Three Sides Artificially Roughened Solar Air Heaters

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Artificial roughness have been provided under side of the absorber plate for improve in the friction factor, heat transfer and pumping power as compared to smooth one. Analysis and experimental investigation for fully developed turbulent flow of artificially roughened solar air heaters have been established to have a better performance as compared to smooth one under the similar operating conditions [1], [2]. Three sides glass covers with three sides artificially roughened solar air heater has been analyzed and investigated [3], [4], which result in enhancement of friction factor and heat transfer than existing one side artificially roughened ones. Three sides glass covers with three sides artificially roughened and existing one side artificially roughened collectors have been analyzed and optimized for maximum friction factor and heat transfer and minimum pumping power [5], [6], [7]. This paper represents an experimental investigation for the thermal analysis of three sides glass covers with three sides artificially roughened solar air heaters under actual outdoor conditions and compare well with smooth ones, also having three sides glass covers.
Data from Rapid Development of Hypertension by Sorafenib: Toxicity or Target?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Blood pressure elevation is likely a pharmacodynamic marker of VEGF signaling pathway (VSP) inhibition and could be useful for optimizing safe and effective VSP inhibitor dosing. Blood pressure rises on the first day of treatment, facilitating design and interpretation of future trials aiming to correlate blood pressure changes with clinical outcomes. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):5947–9)</p></div>
The Poverty of Truth-Seeking

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I examine one of the thorniest aspects of the relationship between feminism and postmodernism, in order to see what a discursive analytic approach can contribute to this important debate. The problem I refer to concerns the threat that the postmodern turn-despite its benefits-is said to pose for a politically committed feminism. I begin with a brief recapping of the postmodernist challenge to the tenets of social science. I then advance a two-part argument promoting discourse analysis for feminist scholars who seek to benefit from postmodernism's respect for difference and inclusivity, yet refuse to give up a critical perspective. The first part of the argument deals with the charge that the postmodern turn disables critical inquiry; the second with the related debate over the need for `generalizing' or `totalizing' concepts (e.g. the concept `women') in the service of a feminist politics. I argue that postmodernist scholars' wide-spread tendency to discuss language outside its context of use has hobbled their ability to respond to this serious challenge, and I suggest that a closer look at routine talk can help feminists reframe these debates about politicality in helpful ways.
Mission and moral reflection in Paul

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Apostle Paul sought to exert his influence and authority over the congregations he founded long after they had been established. Such ongoing oversight by Christianity's prototypical evangelist has not been adequately understood. In a brief 1987 article, W. Paul Bowers challenged John Knox's assertion that Paul's pastoral and administrative work irked him and that he wanted to be free of it. This book confirms and significantly develops Bowers's little-known thesis, examining a wide range of passages in the apostle's undisputed letters and highlighting crucial implications of Paul's broadly conceived vocation for understanding his mission and moral reflection.
Verification of Calculations of Non-Homogeneous Markov Chains Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Dependability models allow calculating the rate of events leading to a hazard state - a situation, where the safety of the modeled dependable system is violated, thus the system may cause material loss, serious injuries, or casualties. The calculation of the hazard rate of the complex non-homogeneous Markov chains is time-consuming and the accuracy of the results is questionable. We have presented two methods able to calculate the hazard rate of the complex non-homogeneous Markov chains in previous papers. Both methods achieved very accurate results, thus we compare four Monte-Carlo based simulation methods (both accuracy and time-consumption) with our methods in this paper. A simple Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) model is used in this paper since its hazard rate can be calculated analytically.
How motivational feedback increases user’s benefits and continued use: A study on gamification, quantified-self and social networking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing provenance of hedonic and social information systems, systems are observed to employ other forms of feedback and design than purely informational in order to increase user engagement and motivation. Three principle classes of motivational design pursuing user engagement have become increasingly established; gamification, quantified-self and social networking. This study investigates how the perceived prominence of these three design classes in users’ use of information system facilitate experiences of affective, informational and social feedback as well as user’s perceived benefits from a system and their continued use intentions. We employ survey data (N = 167) gathered from users of HeiaHeia; an exercise encouragement system that employs features belonging to the three design classes. The results indicate that gamification is positively associated with experiences of affective feedback, quantified-self with experiences of both affective and informational feedback and social networking with experiences of social feedback. Experiences of affective feedback are further strongly associated with user perceived benefits and continued use intentions, whereas experiences of informational feedback are only associated with continued use intentions. Experiences of social feedback had no significant relationship with neither. The findings provide practical insights into how systems can be designed to facilitate different types of feedback that increases users’ engagement, benefits and intentions to continue the use of a system.
Solidarity to achieve stability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Agents may form coalitions. Each coalition shares its endowment among its agents by applying a sharing rule. The sharing rule induces a coalition formation problem by assuming that agents rank coalitions according to the allocation they obtain in the corresponding sharing problem. We characterize the sharing rules that induce a class of stable coalition formation problems as those that satisfy a natural axiom that formalizes the principle of solidarity. Thus, solidarity becomes a sufficient condition to achieve stability.
Simulation Research of Deuterium and Tritium Ions Motion in Accelerating Electric Field for Neutron Tube

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The model of neutron tube accelerating system was established to research what the effect of neutron tube accelerating gap, voltage and size of accelerating electrode on trajectory of deuterium tritium ion with finite element simulation technology. Some useful conclusions obtained from the simulation results provide the basis for optimizing the neutron tube structure and parameter, which can make neutron yields of 50-mm-diameter tube in the order of 10 9 n/s and the stability is not more than 2%.
MicroRNA-29a mitigation of endoplasmic reticulum and autophagy aberrance counteracts in obstructive jaundice-induced fibrosis in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatic fibrosis was caused by a number of signaling pathways that damage liver integrity. We have previously shown that microRNA-29a (miR-29a) protects against liver fibrosis. Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and autophagy function reportedly exaggerate hepatic disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the biological influence of miR-29a on ER function in injured livers with bile duct ligation (BDL). We performed BDL on miR-29a transgenic mice (miR-29aTg) and wild-type mice to induce cholestatic liver injury. Rat T6 cells were transfected with miR-29a mimic and tunicamycin. Compared to the wild-type mice, the BDL deterioration of liver function in terms of total bilirubin, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activity in the miR-29aTg mice was significantly reduced. Affected livers in the miR-29aTg mice demonstrated a slight fibrotic matrix formation. miR-29a over-expression reduced the BDL disturbance of the expressions of inositol-requiring kinase 1alpha, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, spliced-X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), ULK, LC3BII, p62, and cleaved caspase-8, 9 and 3. In vitro, T6 cells exposed to tunicamycin by increasing abundances of CHOP, sXBP1, cleaved caspase-3, and LC3BII were diminished in the cell cultures transfected with the miR-29a mimic. On the other hand, we observed that miR-29a signaling protected liver tissues from BDL-mediated metabolic dysfunction and excessive fibrosis histopathology. This study provides new molecular insight into the miR-29a stabilization of ER integrity that slows the progression of cholestatic liver deterioration. Impact statement Long-term hepatic damage caused by hepatitis and cholestasis can accelerate fibrosis matrix over-production, which is a harmful process attributed to the dysregulation of a number of cellular and molecular events. The purpose of this study is to characterize the biological influence of miR-29a on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function in bile duct ligation (BDL)-injured livers. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first demonstration that miR-29a over-expression diminishes BDL provocation of ER stress (unfolded protein response, UPR) effector protein expression. This work also demonstrates that miR-29a decreased caspases protein expression in cholestatic livers, while an increase in miR-29a function reduced sXBP1 and CHOP expressions in T6 cells in mice. Analyses of this study highlight that controlling miR-29a signaling can serve as an innovative strategy in the future for microRNA regulation of ER homeostasis to combat cholestasis induction hepatic disorders.
Cobalamin Concentrations in Fetal Liver Show Gender Differences: A Result from Using a High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry as an Ultratrace Cobalt Speciation Method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Maternal diet and lifestyle choices may affect placental transfer of cobalamin (Cbl) to the fetus. Fetal liver concentration of Cbl reflects nutritional status with regards to vitamin B12, but at these low concentration current Cbl measurement methods lack robustness. An analytical method based on enzymatic extraction with subsequent reversed-phase-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separation and parallel ICPMS and electrospray ionization (ESI)-Orbitrap-MS to determine specifically Cbl species in liver samples of only 10-50 mg was developed using 14 pig livers. Subsequently 55 human fetal livers were analyzed. HPLC-ICPMS analysis for cobalt (Co) and Cbl gave detection limits of 0.18 ng/g and 0.88 ng/g d.m. in liver samples, respectively, with a recovery of >95%. Total Co (Cot) concentration did not reflect the amount of Cbl or vitamin B12 in the liver. Cbl bound Co contributes only 45 ± 15% to Cot. XRF mapping and μXANES analysis confirmed the occurrence of non-Cbl cobalt in pig liver hot spots indicating particular Co. No correlations of total cobalt nor Cbl with fetal weight or weeks of gestation were found for the human fetal livers. Although no gender difference could be identified for total Co concentration, female livers were significantly higher in Cbl concentration (24.1 ± 7.8 ng/g) than those from male fetuses (19.8 ± 7.1 ng/g) (p = 0.04). This HPLC-ICPMS method was able to quantify total Cot and Cbl in fetus liver, and it was sensitive and precise enough to identify this gender difference.
Acute Limb Ischaemia Due to Focal Brachial Artery Aneurysms Complicating Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Ligation: Two Recent Case Reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction True brachial artery aneurysms are rare, typically occurring secondary to trauma. In this report, we describe two recent cases of patients who presented acutely with upper limb ischaemia due to brachial artery aneurysms. Both patients presented many years after brachiocephalic arteriovenous (AV) fistula ligation in the ipsilateral limb. Report Two male patients, aged 60 and 63 years, respectively, were seen acutely with symptoms of upper limb ischaemia. They had both undergone ligation of AV fistulae many years earlier having received functioning transplants. Subsequently, both patients were found to have true brachial artery aneurysms, which were bypassed in both instances using great saphenous vein grafts. Discussion Patients undergoing ligation of AV fistulae should receive interval surveillance imaging to detect potential aneurysmal dilatation of upper limb vessels. Little is known about the incidence of aneurysm formation after AV fistula ligation; given the increasing number of patients undergoing dialysis, and hence the burgeoning number of patients who may receive transplants, it is important that upper limb ischaemia is pre-empted by appropriate follow-up.
Actions at the Edge: Jointly Optimizing the Resources in Multi-Access Edge Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is an emerging paradigm that pushes resources for sensing, communications, computing, storage, and intelligence to the premises closer to the end users (i.e., the edge) so that they can leverage the nearby rich resources to improve their quality of experience. Due to the growing emerging applications targeted at intelligentizing life-sustaining cyber-physical systems, this paradigm has become a hot research topic, particularly when MEC is utilized to provide edge intelligence and real-time processing and control. This article elaborates the research issues along this line, including basic concepts and performance metrics, killer applications, architectural design, modeling approaches and solutions, and future research directions. It is hoped that this article provides a quick introduction to this fruitful research area, particularly for beginning researchers.
1SI1110 Independence and spontaneity in Paramecium caudatums(1SI How does hierarchical soft structure create spontaneous activity:Smart dynamics from single macromolecule to human being,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Thell, how this kind of spontaneous informaLion processing is attained in living organisms?The signaling wave packets are expressed in the form of traveling excitation waves.Traveling waves emerge on an excitable field, which can be described with a pair ot' partial differential ¢ quations for an activator and inhibitor.Propagation mode of traveling waves depends on the properLieti Df the field, for example, dynainics of the field, spatial geometry of theboundary,andsoon,Ipresenttheideasthatcanbeusedforapplicationsof spatially distributed excitable ficld im information processing.Number ol' devices that perfbrm basic operations on information coded in excitation waves can be constructed in the framework, without a ruling clock.The concept of "lield computeri' may bc useful te grasp the essenee of spontaneous informa- tion pTocessing system in ]iving organisms.activity as well.
Misleading chest x-ray film in psoriasis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

only in this position and even slept in this manner.This was not an individual habit and had not been present before the onset of this illness.The only other physical signs were in the abdomen, where there was slight general distension and a characteristic tumour palpable in the left iliac fossa.Rectal examination was normal.Laparotomy was performed that evening, and an easily reducible caecocolic intussusception was found, which, owing to partial spontaneous reduction, was in the left hypochondrium.Numerous enlarged lymph nodes were found in the mesentery, and histological examination of one of these showed reactive hyperplasia.The child made an uneventful recovery.The position adopted by this child clearly relieved his pain, and in view of the anatomy in this particular case it would seem likely that the child was unconsciously using gravity in an attempt to reduce the intussusception.This sign does not feature in textbooks and is obviously unusual.It was not encountered in any of 67 cases described in clinical detail by Kark and Rundle.'However, although unusual, the sign is a dramatic one and should alert one -to the diagnosis at a glance if its significance is appreciated.
Additional file 3: of Spatial segregation of the biological soil crust microbiome around its foundational cyanobacterium, Microcoleus vaginatus, and the formation of a nitrogen-fixing cyanosphere

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Table S4. Taxonomic assignment and functional inferences based on phylogenetic placement for segregating OTUs for both bulk soils (cold and hot deserts). Rows colored in yellow correspond to OTUs for which inferred function was consistent with segregation from M. vaginatus. (DOCX 192 kb)
The contribution of DNA apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease genotype and smoking habit to Taiwan lung cancer risk.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the association and interaction of genotypic polymorphism the gene for DNA-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APEX1) with personal smoking habit and lung cancer risk in Taiwan, the polymorphic variants of APEX1, Asp(148)Glu (rs1130409), were analyzed in association with lung cancer risk, and their joint effect with personal smoking habits on lung cancer susceptibility was discussed. In this hospital-based case-control study, 358 patients with lung cancer and 716 cancer-free controls, frequency-matched by age and sex, were recruited and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results showed that the percentages of TT, TG and GG APEX1 Asp(148)Glu genotypes were not significantly different at 43.0%, 41.1% and 15.9% in the lung cancer patient group and 39.9%, 46.1% and 14.0% in non-cancer control group, respectively. We further analyzed the genetic-lifestyle effects on lung cancer risk and found the contribution of APEX1 Asp(148)Glu genotypes to lung cancer susceptibility was neither enhanced in the cigarette smokers nor in the non-smokers (p=0.3550 and 0.8019, respectively). Our results provide evidence that the non-synonymous polymorphism of APEX1 Asp(148)Glu may not be directly associated with lung cancer risk, nor enhance the effects of smoking habit on lung cancer development.
Enabling Continuous Operation of Shared Autonomous Vehicles With Dynamic Wireless Charging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs), serving as an alternative to private cars, are emerging as a pivotal solution to severe traffic problems. Leveraging Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) technology, SAVs can potentially operate continuously meet passenger demands, presenting a complex challenge known as the SAV routing and dynamic wireless charging problem (SVRCP). However, traditional heuristic algorithms, which typically reliant on extensive experiential rule settings, fall short in addressing the multiple objectives and complex constraints of SVRCP. Therefore, we propose a Deep Slack Induction by String Removals-based Reinforcement Learning (DSRL) framework, specifically designed to optimise cost-efficiency and energy stabilisation in SAVs operating with DWC conditions. First, a traffic-vehicle cooperation model, grounded in real-world road networks, is constructed to facilitate interactions for the DSRL&#x2019;s encoder. We then integrate the Slack Induction by String Removals algorithm to adaptively optimise the DSRL parameters, enhancing the decoder&#x2019;s ability to find reliable solutions. Experiments show that DSRL outperforms heuristic methods in optimising route cost and stabilising the State-of-Charge (SOC) of SAVs, while achieving a more centralised <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\\Delta$</tex-math> </inline-formula>SOC distribution, ensuring the continuous operational capability of the SAVs. The results across instance sizes and DWC power demonstrate DSRL&#x2019;s robust generalisation capabilities and efficient training capabilities facilitated by transfer learning. Additionally, sensitivity analysis from the perspectives of depot location, passenger distribution, and power levels offers insights for DWC road layout.
Ck-Log, A Calculus for Knowledge Processing in Logic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces the principal concepts in the organization and operation of the logic based knowledge processing system, called CK-LOG (A Calculus for Knowledge in Logics). CK-LOG uses the frame based system MDS (the Meta Description System) for knowledge representation and for modeling world states. It uses an inference engine based on Natural Deduction for stating and solving problems. As a knowledge processing system CK-LOG has several capabilities, which are new to the technology of knowledge representation systems: CK-LOG has special facilities to represent and reason about actions and their time dependencies. Actions that occur in a world state may create or destroy objects in the world or modify their properties, or prevent or support other actions. The effects of actions are described in CK-LOG using modal operators like CREATE, DESTROY, PREVENT, SUPPORT, KEEP, etc. These operator expressions are also used to represent and reason about possible worlds that the actions might lead to. Most significantly, CK-LOG is a logic-based knowledge processing system, just as PROLOG is logic based programming system. CK-LOG uses a three valued logical system with truth values T (true),? (Unknown) and F (false) to build partial models of world states, and the two valued logic's system of T and F in its theorem proving System. The use of the three valued logical system in its models of world states enables CK-LOG to do problem solving in the context of incomplete information about world states. The theorem proving system of CK-LOG uses a variant of the calculus of sequents first proposed by Kanger (which itself is a variant of Gentzen's system). The two variations in CK-LOG are, (i). the use of a new algorithm called the mating algorithm for testing proof terminations, and (ii) the use of specialized inference rules for reasoning about modal expressions using the possible world semantics.. The mating algorithm gives the theorem proving system of CK-LOG several new capabilities: to identify information that is pertinent to a given problem and retrieve it from its knowledge base, to update its models of possible worlds during the problem solving process based on the findings of the theorem proving system, to use these models of world states to test proof terminations, and to generate hypotheses during the problem solving process that are based on unknown information. These various features of CK-LOG are described here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the logic of frames as used in CK-LOG and establishes a condition called locality condition as a sufficient condition for creating knowledge representations with requisite completeness.