jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Length-weight relationship of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) reared in open sea floating cages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper presents the length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters of Lates calcarifer reared in open sea floating cages off Karwar along the south-west coast of India. The relationship obtained in the present study was W = 0.000008299L 3.088 which indicates that seabass reared in open sea floating cages in semi-intensive condition does not differ significantly in body appearance from their counterparts found in natural conditions. The growth of the fishes was found to be positively allometric.
CD8+ T lymphocytes of patients with AIDS maintain normal broad cytolytic function despite the loss of human immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxicity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we have investigated the potential mechanisms responsible for the loss of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytolytic activity in the advanced stages of HIV-1 infection. We have demonstrated that HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are predominantly contained within the CD8+DR+ subset. Furthermore, we have shown by a redirected killing assay that there is a dichotomy between HIV-1-specific cytolytic activity and broad cytolytic potential since the cytolytic machinery of CD8+DR+ cells is still functioning even in patients with AIDS who have lost their HIV-1-specific cytolytic activity. In addition, by comparative analysis of these two types of cytolytic activity over time we have demonstrated a progressive loss of HIV-1-specific cytolytic activity in the advanced stages of the disease, whereas the cytolytic potential remained unchanged regardless of the clinical stage. As previously shown in patients with AIDS, even in asymptomatic HIV-1-seropositive patients, CD8+DR+ cells from the same patient, compared to CD8+DR- lymphocytes, showed a substantial reduction in their ability to proliferate in vitro in response to different stimuli, such as mitogens (phytohemagglutinin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3, CD2, and CD28 molecules, and displayed a defective clonogenic potential. Thus, on the basis of these results we propose that the loss of HIV-1-specific cytolytic activity in HIV-1-infected individuals may result at least in part from a progressive decrease in the pool of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes belonging to the CD8+DR+ subset whose ability to expand has been impaired.
A Batch Based Call Admission Control Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a multi-hop infrastructure based wireless mesh network (WMN), consisting of mesh access points (MAPs) and mesh client (flow) with a hierarchical architecture is considered. The association of each flow-MAP and the multi-hop backhaul routing from the associated MAP to the Gateway, determine the available bandwidth for admitting or rejecting a flow. The main focus of this paper is the investigation of joint call admission control and routing algorithms in order to maximize the total revenue in the network. To this end, a batch based greedy call packing algorithm is proposed and its performance is evaluated.
Efficient Obstacle Rearrangement for Object Manipulation Tasks in Cluttered Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an algorithm that produces a plan for relocating obstacles in order to grasp a target in clutter by a robotic manipulator without collisions. We consider configurations where objects are densely populated in a constrained and confined space. Thus, there exists no collision-free path for the manipulator without relocating obstacles. Since the problem of planning for object rearrangement has shown to be NP-hard, it is difficult to perform manipulation tasks efficiently which could frequently happen in service domains (e.g., taking out a target from a shelf or a fridge). Our proposed planner employs a collision avoidance scheme which has been widely used in mobile robot navigation. The planner determines an obstacle to be removed quickly in real time. It also can deal with dynamic changes in the configuration (e.g., changes in object poses). Our method is shown to be complete and runs in polynomial time. Experimental results in a realistic simulated environment show that our method improves up to 31% of the execution time compared to other competitors.
[Location of PERIFIX SOFT epidural catheter investigated by X-ray].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is known that the course of catheter placement is related to the firmness of catheter. This paper reports the results of roentgenographic analysis of the location of catheters (20G PERIFIX SOFT catheter-B. Braun Melsungen-blind tip with three side holes) inserted into the lumbar epidural space in 20 patients. Epidural catheterization was performed in patients on the lateral decubitus position. The epidural space was identified by the loss of resistance technique with a 17 gauge Tuohy needle, with median approach. Post-operatively, the injection of 0.5 ml radiopaque solution (Iopamidol) through the catheter was made. A-P X-ray film showed that 70 per cent of epidural catheters were inserted straightly cephalad. It has been reported that the optimum hardness and blind tip of the catheter are required for the good epidural placement. PERIFIX SOFT epidural catheter showed the good result for this purpose. From the recent anatomical observation by MRI, epi-dural space takes various figures depend on the location. Since posterior median part is the widest part in lumbar region, catheter placement should be done in this area. This will increase the success of straight placement of the epidural catheter.
Peer Review #1 of "Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and flavomycin (FLA) on the performance and immune function of broiler chickens.A total of 150 ArborAcres broilers were randomly divided into three groups and fed for 6 weeks from 1 day of age in cascade cages.The diets of each test group were 1) a basal diet, 2) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg FLA, and 3) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg XOS.At 21 and 42 days, the growth performance index values and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the cecum were quantified.Furthermore, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as mRNA expression of LPS-Induced TNF-alpha Factor (LITAF), Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the jejunum were quantified.The results showed that administration of XOS or FLA to chickens significantly improved the average daily gain.Supplementation with XOS increased acetate and butyrate in the cecum, while FLA supplementation increased propionate in the cecum.An increase in plasma IgG was observed in XOS-fed 21-day-old broilers, but FLA supplementation decreased IgG in the plasma of 42-day-old broilers and increased plasma IL-2.Furthermore, FLA or XOS supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of IFNγ, LITAF and TLR5.The above data suggest that addition of XOS and FLA to the diet could improve the growth performance of broilers, reduce the expression of cytokine genes by stimulating SCFA.
Farsighted Stability with Heterogeneous Expectations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes farsighted stable sets when agents have heterogeneous expectations over the dominance paths. We consider expectation functions satisfying two properties of path-persistence and consistency. We show that farsighted stable sets with heterogeneous expectations always exist and that any singleton farsighted stable set with common expectations is a farsighted stable set with heterogeneous expectations. We characterize singleton farsighted stable sets with heterogeneous expectations in one-to-one matching models and voting models, and show that the relaxation of the hypothesis of common expectations greatly expands the set of states that can be supported as singleton farsighted stable sets.
Pengaruh Modal Usaha, Lokasi Usaha, Biaya Produksi dan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan UMKM dalam Sektor Kuliner di Kota Gorontalo

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The research findings indicate that business capital contributes 23.4% to MSME income, but its impact is not significant. Business location contributes 14.3%, which is also not significant in affecting MSME income. On the other hand, production costs have a negative impact of -72.3%, indicating that high production costs can reduce income, although the result is not significant. Conversely, the number of workers significantly contributes 31.7%, emphasizing that good labor management can significantly increase MSME income. Overall, the independent variables in this study explain 30.8% of the variation in MSME income, while the remaining 69.2% is influenced by factors outside the model. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing labor management and improving production cost efficiency to support income growth for culinary MSMEs in Gorontalo City.
Microsatellite accumulation on the Y chromosome inSilene latifolia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dioecious plant Silene latifolia possesses evolutionarily young sex chromosomes, and so serves as a model system to study the early stages of sex chromosome evolution. Sex chromosomes often differ distinctly from autosomes in both their structure and their patterns of evolution. The S. latifolia Y chromosome is particularly unique owing to its large size, which contrasts with the size of smaller, degenerate mammalian Y chromosomes. It is thought that the suppression of recombination on the S. latifolia Y chromosome could have resulted in the accumulation of repetitive sequences that account for its large size. Here we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the chromosomal distribution of various microsatellites in S. latifolia including all possible mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotides. Our results demonstrate that a majority of microsatellites are accumulated on the q arm of the Y chromosome, which stopped recombining relatively recently and has had less time to accumulate repetitive DNA sequences compared with the p arm. Based on these results we can speculate that microsatellites have accumulated in regions that predate the genome expansion, supporting the view that the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences occurred prior to, not because of, the degeneration of genes.
Case study 1 - AI-based electric motor fault diagnosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The motor is the vital part of the electric vehicle (EV) powertrain system. With respect to the demand for motor performance in different environments, the motors should be endowed with fast speed, high output power, and high efficiency. Now, the mainstream motors used in EVs include PMSMs and induction motors (IMs) [137], which are mainly discussed in this section. It is important to ensure their correct operation.As the working environments and working conditions of the EV motors are ever-changing, the motor parameters change constantly. For this situation, AI-based methods are well suited to accurately diagnose faults of different parts (stator winding, rotor PM, and bearing) of EV motors and can show marked performance [138]. The stator, rotor, and bearings will be described separately for the motor.
Enhancing fluid signal in driven‐equilibrium short‐TI inversion‐recovery imaging with short TR times: A feasibility study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Fluid‐sensitive turbo spin echo (TSE) MRI with short‐TI inversion‐recovery preparation for fat suppression (STIR) plays a critical role in the diagnostics of the musculoskeletal system (e.g., close to metal implants). Potential advantages of 3D acquisitions, however, are difficult to exploit due to long acquisition times. Shortening the TR incurs a signal loss, and a driven‐equilibrium (DE) extension reduces fluid signal even further. Methods The phase of the flip‐back pulse was changed by 180° relative to the conventional implementation (i.e., 90° along the positive x‐axis (90° x ) instead of −90° x ). After signal modeling and numerical simulations, the modification was implemented in STIR‐TSE sequences and tested on a clinical 3T system. Imaging was performed in the lumbar spine, and long‐TR images without DE were acquired as reference. CSF SNR and fluid‐muscle contrast were measured and compared between the sequences. Imaging was repeated in a metal implant phantom. Results A shortening of TR by 43%–57% reduced the CSF SNR by 39%–59%. A conventional DE module further reduced SNR to 26%–40%, whereas the modified DE recovered SNR to 59%–108% compared with the long‐TR acquisitions. Fluid‐tissue contrast was increased by about 340% with the modified DE module compared with the conventional extension. Similar results were obtained in implant measurements. Conclusions The proposed DE element for TSE‐STIR sequences has the potential to accelerate the acquisition of fluid‐sensitive images. DE‐STIR may work most efficiently for 3D acquisitions, in which no temporo‐spatial interleaving of inversion and imaging pulses is possible.
Review of mitoxantrone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mitoxantrone is a synthetic anthracenedione recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of worsening relapsing-remitting (RR), secondary progressive (SP), and progressive relapsing (PR) multiple sclerosis (MS). In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), mitoxantrone prevented the development of the signs and decreased the frequency of relapses in relapsing EAE. Early pilot trials using mitoxantrone were carried out using vastly different dosage regimens and patient populations, which may have resulted in conflicting results. Subsequent trials of mitroxantrone in patients with active inflammatory forms of MS suggested a profound effect in decreasing relapse rates, enhancing lesion frequency, and progression of disability. These results were later confirmed in a large, randomized, double-blind trial in patients with either worsening RRMS or SPMS. Treatment with mitoxantrone brought about statistically significant decreases in relapse rates, progression of disability, gadolinium-enhancing, and new lesions on T2-weighted MRI. Although mitoxantrone is generally well tolerated, it is associated with a variety of potential toxicities. Therefore, its use should probably be restricted to those patients with a suboptimal response to high-dose interferon therapy or those with rapidly progressive disease from onset.
Upgrading arcs to minimize the maximum travel time in a network

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In transportation and telecommunication systems, the performance of the underlying network can often be improved by upgrading some of the arcs in the network. If an arc is upgraded, the travel time along this arc is reduced by a discount factor α, 0 ≤ α < 1. With respect to different minimax network objectives, we define a series of problems that involve finding the best q arcs in a network to upgrade. We show that these problems are NP‐hard on general graphs, but polynomially solvable on trees. Finally, we compare three heuristic solution approaches for complete graphs based on these polynomial results and find one to far outperform the others. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(2), 72–80 2006
Codon‐usage based regulation of colicin K synthesis by the stress alarmone ppGpp

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Owing to a printing error in the article by Kuhar et al. on pp. 207–216 of Molecular Microbiology, volume 41, number 1, Fig. 1 was incorrectly labelled and, in Fig. 3, pColK-JA355 should have been pColK-JA533. The corrected figures are shown below.
Empowered or constrained? Gender narratives in Cyberpunk-style microfilm advertisements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines the portrayal of gender in Cyberpunk-style microfilm advertising (CMA), a genre that blends futuristic technology with dystopian elements. By employing qualitative content analysis grounded in theories of gender performativity and media representation, this research examines how these advertisements construct gender images and their impact on societal gender norms. The analysis reveals that while CMA presents innovative gender representation, it also perpetuates existing stereotypes, particularly with regard to professional roles and emotional dynamics. The findings underscore the dual role of media in both challenging and reinforcing gender stereotypes and highlight the need for a more balanced portrayal of gender. This study contributes to the discourse on gender representation in media, offers insights into the unique intersection of Cyberpunk aesthetics and advertising, and calls for further research to explore the long-term effects of these representations on societal norms.
Wooden structures of the Clock Tower in Castle Bruntál

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the timber structures of the Clock Tower in Castle Bruntál (Czech Republic). In the text, the development of the Clock Tower is explained, and timber structures are described and classified. Presented knowledge is based on the partial historic building investigation of the roof truss of the castle and the Clock Tower, and it was achieved with the help of art history and architecture methods. The constructional solution is explained in the context of towers built at a similar time and the purpose of which was similar as well.
A Morphological Hessian Based Approach for Retinal Blood Vessels Segmentation and Denoising Using Region Based Otsu Thresholding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) harm retinal blood vessels in the eye causing visual deficiency. The appearance and structure of blood vessels in retinal images play an essential part in the diagnoses of an eye sicknesses. We proposed a less computational unsupervised automated technique with promising results for detection of retinal vasculature by using morphological hessian based approach and region based Otsu thresholding. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and morphological filters have been used for enhancement and to remove low frequency noise or geometrical objects, respectively. The hessian matrix and eigenvalues approach used has been in a modified form at two different scales to extract wide and thin vessel enhanced images separately. Otsu thresholding has been further applied in a novel way to classify vessel and non-vessel pixels from both enhanced images. Finally, postprocessing steps has been used to eliminate the unwanted region/segment, non-vessel pixels, disease abnormalities and noise, to obtain a final segmented image. The proposed technique has been analyzed on the openly accessible DRIVE (Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction) and STARE (STructured Analysis of the REtina) databases along with the ground truth data that has been precisely marked by the experts.
AGE-RELATED MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF REMODELING OF ARTERIAL BED OF HIND LIMBS IN WHITE RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The human organism is constantly affected by metabolic risk factors. All of them for a long time are asymptomatic and often form in early childhood long before clinical manifestations. However, morphogenesis and morphofunctional features of age-related structural changes in blood vessels of different sites are poorly studied.Objective. To evaluate the morphometric characteristics of arterial bed remodeling of hind limbs in white rats of PRA and RA with experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia.Methods. The tissues biopsies from femoral, knee and shin areas were studied by means of histological and morphometric methods.Results. Experimental hypercholesterolemia caused remodeling of vessels with increasing thickness of medial and endothelial layer of vessels in the investigated parts of the rats’ body. In this case, the external diameter of vessels increased only in femoral area in the reproductive group of rats. In the group of pre-productive animals, the external diameter of the vessels studied was more or less unaffected. Thus, increased thickness of intima and media led to a decrease in arteries capacity. The depth of vascular lesions and the decrease in functional capacity of blood vessels were directly proportional to the duration of the experiment. In the group of reproductive rats, the changes in vascular bed were more evident.Conclusions. Objective study of the processes allows providing a scientific basis for further research and understanding of the pathomorphism of vascular diseases in humans.
Formation of aggregates in stored red cell concentrates with MAP solution.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Macroaggregates are found frequently in stored red cell concentrates with MAP solution (RC-M·A·P).Incidence and causative factors of macroaggregate formation were investigated compared to concentrated red cells containg CPD (CRC). The number of microaggregates was also compared.The incidence of macroaggregate formation in RC-M·A·P increased during storage. They were found in 36 or 67% of RC-M·A·P at 3 weeks of storage and in more than 70% at 5 to 6 weeks, while in 8.6% of CRC at 3 weeks.The macroggregate formation was not sufficiently affected either by mannitol or citrate concentrations in MAP solution.Such macroaggregates were composed of leukocytes, platelets and fibrin like substances. The leukocytes in RCM·A·P drastically decreased during storage. Fibrinopeptide-A (FAP) in RCM·A·P gradually increased during storage, which significantly correlated to the decrease of leukocytes, but not in CRC. These results suggested that macroaggregate formation was not due to mannitol, but may be related to the degeneration of leukocytes and the activation of coagulation system.The number of microaggregates which pass through transfusion filter was statistically less in RC-M·A·P than in CRC. Therefore, the incidence of side effects caused by them might be decreased by using RC-M·A·P.
Results of the first year of breast cancer screening in a district hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Humberside Breast Screening Service completed 1 year of screening by October 1990; 16 534 women were invited of whom 12832 (77.6 per cent) attended. A group of 644 women (5.0 per cent) were called for further assessment and of these 134 underwent 135 primary surgical procedures. After assessment 25 were shown before operation to have cancer. One hundred and nine women had suspicious lesions and proceeded to surgical biopsy; 50 lesions proved malignant (benign: malignant biopsy ratio 1.2:1). The 75 malignant lesions represented a prevalence of 5.8 per 1000 of the screened population. Invasive cancer &gt; 1 cm in diameter formed almost half of the malignant lesions. This service has cost £32 per woman screened or £5533 per cancer detected. The results are comparable to those of previous studies and suggest that a mammographic screening service can be successfully provided in a district hospital setting.