jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and Renal Functions (VI) : CLINICAL STUDIES : NEUROGENIC HYPERTENSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

III) NEUROGENIC HYPERTENSION The neurogenic factor plays an important but not decisive role in the development of hypertension. I have never observed the pure neurogenic hypertension and therefore, I attempted to examine how much role neurogenic foctor plays in various kinds of hypertensions, especially in essential hypertension. For the purpose, I used hexamethonium, 1-hydrazinophthalazine, Rauwolfia Serpentina and phenobarbital.a) 1-Hydrazinophthalazine (Apresoline) : The effects of Apresoline on the renal hemodynamics and blood pressure were observed in 14 hypertensive patients and 1 normotensive ; doses of 0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously injected. After injection, a reduction of arterial pressure occurred in all cases and this began to develop within 10 minutes and was restored in about 1-2 hours. Then, a slight increase of pulse rate, marked increase of renal blood flow and reduction of filtration fraction were found in 14 cases.Apresoline was orally administered continuously to 7 hospitalized patients (6 with essential hypertension and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis) and gave favorable results in 6 patients except one patients with nephritis.b) Hexamethonium Bitartarate : By intravenous injection, renal blood flow decreased paralleling with lowering of arterial pressure initially and then returned to approximately control value despite more lowering of blood pressure.c) Rauwolfia Serpentina (Serpasil) : Cardiac and renal functions of 10 hypertensive patients (8 essential and 2 renal hypertensive) were observed before and after single intravenous injection of Serpasil (1-3mg). Reduction of systolic pressure (20-30mmHg) occurred in 7 patients and its maximum existed within 1-3 hours after injection in 6 cases and other 3 cases showed rapid reduction within 15 minutes without latent time. Renal blood flow increased moderately 5 in cases, no changes in 3 cases and decreased slightly in 2 cases. Filtration fraction did not show consistent changes.In oral administration, renal functions showed the similar tendency.d) Phenobarbital : If phenobarbital is administered in nervous patients with hypertension, renal vasospasm would decrease and renal blood flow would increase. I observed in 7 patients (5 with essential hypertension and 2 renal hypertension) changes of renal hemodynamics before and after single subcutaneous injection of 0.1 gm and oral administration of 0.1 gm. In 5 patients with essential hypertension, renal blood flow increased but filtration fraction was unchanged.Next, effects of lumbal puncture on renal hemodynamics were observed. With reduction of cerebrospinal fluid pressure decreased, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decreased and filtration fraction was unchanged.
Escenarios hipotéticos sobre la reproducción humana en el arte especulativo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The communicative dimension in artistic practice, which enables a space for dialogue that activates processes of interpretation, reflection, and social participation, finds an ideal context in speculative art. Through fictional narratives, prototypes, and simulations linked to technology, it encourages the public to confront the improbable, awakening their critical capacity in relation to reality. In a context marked by scientific and technological advances, human reproduction becomes an area of investigation for speculative art. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the works of women artists within the speculative realm who address human reproduction. The main result reveals shared narratives that refer to genetic modification, the mechanization of the gestation process through artificial wombs, shared parenting based on economic factors, the instrumentalization of the female body, and the hybridization between humans and animals. From the perspective of women’s experiences, these works invite reflection on the future, challenging traditional concepts of gender, identity, motherhood, family, and the relationships between the natural and the artificial. They propose new scenarios dominated by modification, intervention, and control, prompting the public to question the ethical, social, economic, and political implications of scientific and technological intervention in human reproduction. En un contexto marcado por los avances científicos y tecnológicos, la reproducción humana deviene en un área de investigación para el arte especulativo. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo consiste en analizar obras de mujeres artistas enmarcadas dentro del ámbito especulativo que abordan la reproducción humana. Las principales narrativas representadas se refieren a la modificación genética, la mecanización del proceso de gestación mediante úteros artificiales, la crianza compartida fundamentada en factores económicos, la instrumentalización del cuerpo femenino y la hibridación entre lo humano y animal. Desde la experiencia de las mujeres, estas obras invitan a reflexionar acerca del futuro, desafiando conceptos tradicionales sobre el género, la identidad, la maternidad, la familia y las relaciones entre lo natural y lo artificial. Plantean nuevos escenarios dominados por la modificación, la intervención y el control, que invitan a la audiencia a cuestionar las implicaciones éticas, sociales, económicas y políticas de la intervención científico-tecnológica en la reproducción humana.
Revoluce proti sob ě sam ým IV. sjezd Svazu československých spisovatelů 27.–29. června 1967, projevy a debaty v trojúhelníku spisovatelé, národ a moc

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1968 is a very controversial date these days. I start my research about 1968, by looking at 1967 first. Why? Because this congress was almost an exact projection of what happened during the Prague Spring, however, more was said there. The writers there were discussing the big questions, about a whole country and the destiny of a nation. Therefore, the importance of Kundera’s speech is quite significant. Havel, Vaculík, Ivan Klíma all gave politically important speeches. Regarding poetic power, Jan Skácel seemed especially strong. Even though Hrabal was not present, we have to give him some credit as well. Not only the positive, but also the negative side of 1968 was predicted. Mainly the Communist Party’s attempt to intervene. The Czech Spring of 1968 was not a student-movement, but a struggle by middle-aged and mature intellectuals, mostly against what they had instigated in their youth. So this was an exceptionally self-critical revolution.
Identification of Genes and Genomic Islands Correlated with High Pathogenicity in Streptococcus suis Using Whole Genome Tilling Microarrays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause meningitis and sepsis in both pigs and humans. Infections in humans have been sporadic worldwide but two severe outbreaks occurred in China in recent years, while infections in pigs are a major problem in the swine industry. Some S. suis strains are more pathogenic than others with 2 sequence types (ST), ST1 and ST7, being well recognized as highly pathogenic. We analyzed 31 isolates from 23 serotypes and 25 STs by NimbleGen tiling microarray using the genome of a high pathogenicity (HP) ST1 strain, GZ1, as reference and a new algorithm to detect gene content difference. The number of genes absent in a strain ranged from 49 to 225 with a total of 632 genes absent in at least one strain, while 1346 genes were found to be invariably present in all strains as the core genome of S. suis, accounting for 68% of the GZ1 genome. The majority of genes are located in chromosomal blocks with two or more contiguous genes. Sixty two blocks are absent in two or more strains and defined as regions of difference (RDs), among which 26 are putative genomic islands (GIs). Clustering and statistical analyses revealed that 8 RDs including 6 putative GIs and 21 genes within these RDs are significantly associated with HP. Three RDs encode known virulence related factors including the extracellular factor, the capsular polysaccharide and a SrtF pilus. The strains were divided into 5 groups based on population genetic analysis of multilocus sequence typing data and the distribution of the RDs among the groups revealed gain and loss of RDs in different groups. Our study elucidated the gene content diversity of S. suis and identified genes that potentially promote HP.
Carbenicillin Nephrotoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A patient with biopsy-proven interstitial nephritis associated with nafcillin and dicloxacillin therapy developed fever, hematuria, pyuria, and renal insufficiency after the administration of carbenicilin five months later. Cephalosporin therapy was given to this patient without signs of renal toxicity. This is the first reported case of probable carbenicillin-induced interstitial nephritis and serves to emphasize the danger of giving any penicillin analogue to patients with a history of pencillin-induced interstitial nephritis.
Construction Contract Provisions Analysis.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study surveyed Corps of Engineers divisions and districts, eight general contracting firms, and the Associated General Contractors of America to identify any clauses currently being used in the Special Provision (SP) and General Requirement (GR) sections of contract specifications they considered unnecessary, unproductive, or excessively burdensome and costly. The survey identified many problem areas. This report addresses, in detail, the 13 most prominent problems, including recommended solutions. More important, the report addresses weaknesses found in the mechanism employed to produce project SPs and GRs. These weaknesses are responsible for allowing the present discrepancies not only to exist, but also to have gone essentially undetected. Improvements to the mechanism, designed to preclude recurrence of these or similar problems, are an essential part of this study's recommendations. (Author)
Children’s Sensitivity to Reward Moderates the Association of Negative and Positive Parenting Behaviors in Child ADHD Symptoms

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Atypical reward processing, including abnormal sensitivity to reward and punishment, has long been implicated in the etiology of ADHD. However, little is known about how these facets of behavior interact with positive (e.g., warmth, praise) and negative (e.g., hostility, harsh discipline) parenting behavior in the early expression of ADHD symptoms in young children. Understanding the interplay between children’s reward processing and parenting may be crucial for identifying specific treatment targets in psychosocial interventions for ADHD, especially given that not all children benefit from contingency-based treatments (e.g., parent management training). The study consisted of a community sample of kindergarten children (N = 184, 55% male) and their parents, who completed questionnaires about their parenting practices, their child’s behaviors and participated in an observed parent-child play task in the laboratory. Results showed that children’s sensitivity to reward and punishment were positively associated with child ADHD symptoms. Children’s sensitivity to reward significantly moderated the association of negative and positive parent behaviors on child ADHD symptoms. Children with high sensitivity to reward were less sensitive to variations in parental behavior, whereas children with low sensitivity to reward exhibited fewer ADHD symptoms under conditions of high global (i.e., self-reported) positive parenting, low global negative parenting and low observed negativity. Children’s sensitivity to punishment did not moderate the associations between positive and negative parenting behaviors and child ADHD symptoms. Results provide evidence that atypical reward processing may be an important of marker of risk for ADHD, but also highlights how children’s responses to positive and negative parenting behavior may vary by children’s reward processing. Clinical and treatment implications are discussed.
Neurosteroids for the potential protection of humans against organophosphate toxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This article describes the therapeutic potential of neurosteroids as anticonvulsant antidotes for chemical intoxication caused by organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents or gases like sarin and soman. Toxic manifestations following nerve agent exposure, as evident in chemical attacks in Japan and Syria, include hypersecretion, respiratory distress, tremors, convulsions leading to status epilepticus (SE), and death. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, are the current anticonvulsants of choice for controlling nerve agent–induced life‐threatening seizures, SE, and brain injury. Benzodiazepines can control acute seizures when given early, but they are less effective for delayed treatment of SE, which is characterized by rapid desensitization of synaptic GABA A receptors, benzodiazepine resistance, and brain injury. Neurosteroid‐sensitive extrasynaptic GABA A receptors, however, remain unaffected by such events. Thus, anticonvulsant neurosteroids may produce more effective protection than benzodiazepines against a broad spectrum of chemical agents, even when given late after nerve agent exposure.
Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra of the Interactions of HgCl_2-Cefotaxime Anionic Chelate with Basic Triphenylmethane Dye and Their Analytical Applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In pH 5.3_6.8 Britton-Robinson(BR) buffer medium,Cefotaxime sodium(CFTM) can react with HgCl2 to form 1∶1 anionic chelate,which can further react with basic triphenylmethane dye such as crystal violet,methyl violet,ethyl violet,brilliant green,iodine green,methyl green and malachite green to form ternary ion-association complexes.As a result,the resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS) spectrum was enhanced greatly.The maximum RRS wavelengths of three ion-association complexes were located at 367,367,340,367,340,340 and 340 nm,respectively.The increments of scattering intensity(ΔI) were directly proportional to the concentrations of CFTM in certain ranges.The linear ranges and the detection limits(3σ) of CFTM for seven systems were 0.0090_3.5 μg/mL and 2.7 ng/mL(crystal violet),0.0092_3.5 μg/mL and 2.8 ng/mL(methyl violet),0.013_3.5 μg/mL and 4.0 ng/mL(ethyl violet),0.010_3.5 μg/mL and 3.1 ng/mL(brilliant green),0.011_3.5 μg/mL and 3.4 ng/mL(iodine green),0.012_4.0 μg/mL and 3.5 ng/mL(methyl green),and 0.016_3.5 μg/mL and 4.7 ng/mL(malachite green),separately.The sensitivity of crystal violet system was higher than those of other six systems.The optimum conditions and the influence factors were investigated,and the composition of ion-association complexes and the reaction mechanism were also discussed.The effects of foreign substances were tested and it is shown that the method has a good selectivity.Based on HgCl2 and basic triphenylmethane dye,the sensitive,simple and rapid method for the determination of trace CTRX was developed.
Preparation and characterization of multi-layer catalyst-coated membrane for PEM fuel cell application

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a world where overpopulation and rapid technology advancements are causing a sky-rocket increase in energy consumption, the need for alternative sources of clean energy has never been greater. Fuel cells, in particular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) which is extremely versatile in its application areas becomes a prime candidate as a clean alternative to fossil fuels and is currently one of the most heavily researched clean energy sources. Researchers have been trying to improve the water management of PEMFC where high temperatures is preferred but the thermal stability of PEMFC is adversely affected due to the high temperature causing the membranes to dehydrate. One method is to create hybrid Nafion® membranes where hydroscopic additives are being added into the membranes to attempt to retain the water inside the membranes to avoid membrane dehydration at high operating temperatures. Multi-layer catalyst coated membrane is a novel method in fabricating catalyst coated membranes (CCM) which proves to provide better performance due to reduced contact resistance between the catalyst layers and conventional Nafion® membranes. However, research on the viability in using this method to fabricate hybrid Nafion® membranes is still lacking, thus forming the main objective of this final year project. Hot-pressing of CCMs is a procedure to reduce the contact resistance between the CCM’s catalyst layers and the electrolyte membrane. As the multi-layer catalyst coated membrane is a novel fabrication method, there is a need to characterise the hot-pressing parameters for this method. Therefore, a side objective of this final year project is to characterise effects of varying hot-pressing pressure on the fabricated CCMs. After several characterization experiments, it is verified that multi-layer catalyst coated is viable in fabricating hybrid Nafion® membranes and silica hybrid Nafion® membrane provides the best performance compared to graphene oxide and aluminium silicate hybrid Nafion® membranes. It is also discovered that a hot-press pressure of 100kg/cm2 provides better membrane performance compared to a higher hot-press pressure of 150kg/cm2.
Collision and Challenge: Influences of Sociocultural Contexts in Early 20th Century China on Storm Society Artists Exploration and Practice of Western Modern Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay engages with the topic of Chinese modern artists introduction and adaptation of Western modern art. This essay conducts its analysis on a modern artist group named the Storm Society (JuelanShe) active in 1920s and 1930s China. Inspired by a social art historical approach, this essay places its focus on the sociocultural contexts specifically present during the active years of Storm Society artists. Three factors are identified to be influential challenges in these artists efforts of exploring and introducing Western modern art to China: Cultural conservatism, inhospitable social environment, and Japanese Invasion in World War II. On the level of academic study about Chinese modern art, this essay highlights the importance to take into account specific cultural and social contexts in analysis of its history.
Larvicidal activity,inhibition effect on development,histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by seaweed extracts in Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal activity,inhibition effect on development,histopathological alteration and morphological aberration induced by the extracts derived from seaweeds Bryopsis pennuta（B.pennata）,Sargassum binderi（S.binderi） and Padina australis in Aedes aegypti（Ae.aegypti） larvae and to characterize the phytochetnical components of the three seaweeds.Methods:Larvicidal activity of the seaweeds towards the larvae of Ae.aegypti was determined according to WHO.The inhibition effect of seaweeds was assessed by determining the mortality,adult emergence rate,larval and pupa duration of the treated larvae.Histopathological effect on midgut epithelium of larvae and morphological aberration induced by the methanol extracts were examined.Phytochemical analysis was done to determine the presence of alkaloids,saponins,steroids and terpenoids in the seaweeds.Results:Chloroform partition of B.pennata extract exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity(LC50= 82.55 μg/mL).followed by methanol extract of B.pennata(LC50= 160.07 μg/mL) and chloroform partition of S.binderi extract(LC50= 192.43 μg/mL).The methanol extract of S.bituleri exhibited the strongest effect on prolongation of larval period（1.5-fold longer as compared to control） and resulted in strongest inhibition effect in adult emergence（98.67%）.The histopathological study showed that larvae treated with seaweed extracts had cytopathological alteration of the midgut epithelium.The morphological observation revealed that the anal papillae and terminal spiracles of larvae were the common sites of aberrations.Conclusions:The study provided information on various effects of seaweed extracts on Ae.aegypti.Further investigation on identifying the active compounds and their mechanisms of action is recommended.
Constant, Benjamin (1767–1830)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Born in Switzerland in 1767, Benjamin Constant's inauguration into the political and literary world began in earnest in 1794 after he entered into a personal and intellectual relationship with Germaine de Staël, the widely published author and daughter of French minister of finance Jacques Necker. With de Stael's encouragement and the patronage of the great revolutionary political theorist, Joseph Emmanuel Sieyès, Constant set out to craft a defense of liberal principles that could accommodate the new republican impulse while avoiding the usurpations of a Robespierre or a Bonaparte.
Implementation and Optimization of Target Detection based on Multi-core DSP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As an important branch in the field of image processing, target detection requires more and more real-time algorithm with its wide application in industry, agriculture, medical and military industries, which also puts forward higher requirement for the optimization and application of embedded platform. There are two kinds of target detection algorithms: traditional detection algorithm and deep-learning-based detection algorithm. In the embedded platform, due to the limitation of hardware performance, the detection algorithm based on deep learning is difficult to realize because of high complexity. Therefore, the improvement, optimization and transplantation of traditional algorithms have become hot spots. In this paper, a detection algorithm based on Canny edge feature matching is proposed, and multi-core parallel development of TMS320C6678 platform is carried out. Parallelism of the algorithm is improved by using methods such as image chunking, vectorized data packaging, optimization of data flow, etc. By connecting the video board based on FPGA for physical verification, the speed of the algorithm after multi-core optimization is increased by 7.6 times, which has certain engineering practical significance.
Body Weight Estimation in Holstein × Zebu Crossbred Heifers: Comparative Analysis of XGBoost and LightGBM Algorithms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effectiveness of XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms for estimating the live weight of Holstein×Zebu crossbred heifers. The study compares the performance of both algorithms using a wide range of biometric measurements and tests various hyperparameter settings. The research results show that the XGBoost algorithm provides almost perfect agreement with an R 2 value of 0.999 on the training set and high performance with an R 2 value of 0.986 on the test set. The LightGBM algorithm also achieved effective results with R 2 values of 0.986 and 0.981 on both training and test sets. The machine learning algorithms used in the current study stand out as having the potential to provide a practical and economical solution for live weight estimation in livestock enterprises and especially for herd management applications in rural areas through input variables such as body measurements, milk yield, etc. However, the obtained results in the current study reveal the potential of machine learning algorithms for live weight estimation in the livestock sector and indicate that advanced research is needed for the optimisation of these algorithms.