jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of sub-optimal mobility on production performance of pasture-based dairy cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sub-optimal mobility has been identified as the third most important health-related economic loss, afterfertility and mastitis (Bruijnis et al., 2010, Alawneh et al., 2011, Huxley, 2013). It is well known that severe forms of suboptimalmobility cause losses in terms of milk yield (Enting et al., 1997); however, less is known about the effects of mildforms of sub-optimal mobility on milk yield and other production performance parameters. Therefore, the objective of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of sub-optimal mobility on production performance in pasture-based dairy cows.
Evaluation of Fatigue, Sleep Quality and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for chronic renal failure (CRF) develop various symptoms and experience lifestyle changes. CRF is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible loss of nephrons. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate fatigue, sleep quality and activities of daily living in patients with chronic renal failure. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Sixty-seven CRF patients aged over 18 years who admitted to a private dialysis center for hemodialysis treatment were included. Sociodemographic information was recorded and the 'Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue' was used to evaluate fatigue, the 'Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index' for assessment of sleep quality and the 'Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale' for evaluation of activities of daily living for all patients. All evaluations were conducted by the same investigator before hemodialysis session. Fatigue level assessment was repeated after hemodialysis session. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 software package. Results: Thirty (44.8%) females and 37 (55.2%) males were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the study population was 55.8 ± 15.75 years. 74.6% of the patients had poor sleep quality. The mean fatigue score of the patients was 4.82 ± 2.02 before hemodialysis and 8.79±1.67 after hemodialysis, as assessed by VAS-F. All participants were independent in activities of daily living. The average of Katz ADL Scale was 16.80 ± 1.76. Discussion and Conclusion: In line with former studies, fatigue was the most common symptom in the study patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment for chronic kidney failure. Additionally, poor sleep quality and reduced performance in the activities of daily living in the study participants are noteworthy. Hemodialysis causes a number of symptoms that patients have to cope with in their daily lives. It is important to guide patients about individualized rehabilitation programs in the treatment of chronic renal failure.
La Humedad del suelo y su incidencia sobre la implantación del sorgo granífero

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

After the elaboration of the results that allowed the development of the work “Factors affecting the implantation of grain sorghum: sowing depth and size of the caryopsis” (E. Alessandria, 1982), some aspects arose that for various reasons were not included in the same, among them the different behavior of sorghum seedlings, depending on whether they were sown in relatively dry or humid soil.
SGLT2-Inhibitor-Induced Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency wherein the patient presents with DKA and a normal blood glucose.This can make diagnosis difficult.We report a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who was prescribed the relatively new Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and consequently presented with euglycemic DKA.
NEUROPEPTIDE Y FAMILY OF PEPTIDES: STRUCTURE, ANATOMICAL EXPRESSION, REGULATION, RECEPTORS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The Neuropeptide Y family of peptides consists of neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), which share a similar structure known as a PP- fold. There are four known human G-protein coupled receptors for the PP - fold peptides, namely Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5, each of them being able to bind at least two of the three endogenous ligands. All three peptides are found in the circulation acting as hormones. Although NPY is only released from neurons (sympathetic, parasympathetic and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic), PYY and PP are primarily found in endocrine cells in the gut, where they exert such effects as inhibition of gall bladder secretion, gut motility, and pancreatic secretion. Initial studies with transgenic animals confirmed the wellestablished action of NPY on metabolism, food-intake, vascular systems, memory, mood, neuronal excitability, and reproduction. In general, NPY is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and exhibits anxiolytic, anti-stress, anti-depressant, anti-convulsant and antinociceptive actions. More recently, NPY has been found to be a key factor in regulation of ethanol consumption and neuronal development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY OPTIMALLY CONFIGURED ZONE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR BLENDING VARIOUS NETWORK WITH MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a routing protocol that utilizes the characteristics of Short range technology for Short range-based mobile ad hoc networks. The routing tables are maintained in the gateway devices, and the routing zone radius for each table is adjusted dynamically via a fuzzy inference system. Given that some useless routing packets exist which increase the network loads in the existing ad hoc routing protocols, this work selectively employs multiple unicasts or a single broadcast when the destination device moves beyond the routing zone radius coverage of the routing table. The simulation results demonstrate that the dynamic adjustment of the routing table size in each gateway device results in considerably faster routing request reply time, as well as fewer request packets and useless packets compared with two representative protocols, Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) and Dynamic Source Routing.
Spatial statistical and multivariate regression approach to earthwork shrinkage-factor calculation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this research, a linear shrinkage factor model, which is the result of spatial and statistical modeling, was developed for the state of North Dakota. The input variables for the developed shrinkage factor models were derived from spatially modeled soil data which makes the function responsive to soil variability across the state. The current approach for selecting the shrinkage correction factor in earthwork contracts across the state of North Dakota is through a trial-and-error system. This deterministic system employs the judgment of experienced engineers in selecting a shrinkage factor value for earthwork contracts. The current approach assumes shrinkage factor uniformity and does not provide a measure of the estimate's reliability. Due to the heterogeneous nature of soil properties across the state, the trial-and-error approach for selecting the shrinkage factor greatly impacts earthwork volumes, which could lead to contract variations and increase the cost of contract administration.
Gastrointestinal perforation caused by obstruction in Trinidadian neonates.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review was conducted of neonates treated over a 7-year period for gastrointestinal tract perforation secondary to obstruction, for comparison with previous reports. Demographic and clinical characteristics, results of laboratory studies, underlying diagnoses, surgical treatment, and outcomes were studied. Only 1 of the 6 babies was premature. The underlying cause of obstruction was Hirschsprung's disease (HD) twice, duodenal, sigmoid, and rectal atresia, and malrotation with midgut volvulus, once each. The perforation was located in the stomach in two cases, the jejunum in one case, and the large bowel in 3 children. There were no fatalities. Unusual features were that both gastric perforations were secondary to duodenal obstruction, and only 1 infant was premature. The jejunum was affected once, secondary to HD of the descending colon. In contrast to previous reports, there were no perforations of the ileum caused by intestinal obstruction in this neonatal population during the period reviewed.
A New Case of IgE Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report a case of IgE myeloma in a 78-year-old woman who presented with bone pain in the shoulder and hip and progressive weakness. Except for hypercalcemia, routine chemistry values were within normal limits. Hemoglobin was decreased and the leukocyte count slightly increased. Plasma cells were not observed in the peripheral blood. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal protein in the beta-globulin fraction. Immunofixation confirmed the presence of an IgE kappa monoclonal protein. A bone marrow biopsy revealed an interstitial and nodular infiltration of abnormal plasma cells comprising 60% of nucleated cells present. Skeletal roentgenograms and bone scans of this patient showed osteolytic lesions and osteopenia of the thoracic and lumbar spine and osteolytic destruction of the right half of the sacrum. Flow-cytometric analysis of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood showed that 15% of the lymphocytes bound IgE. Using cell-surface markers, we identified 45% of the IgE-positive cells as natural killer cells. Similar results have been found in other diseases marked by increased IgE. The clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings for this patient are compared with previously reported cases of IgE and other types of myeloma.
Can We Ditch Feature Engineering? End-to-End Deep Learning for Affect Recognition from Physiological Sensor Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To further extend the applicability of wearable sensors in various domains such as mobile health systems and the automotive industry, new methods for accurately extracting subtle physiological information from these wearable sensors are required. However, the extraction of valuable information from physiological signals is still challenging—smartphones can count steps and compute heart rate, but they cannot recognize emotions and related affective states. This study analyzes the possibility of using end-to-end multimodal deep learning (DL) methods for affect recognition. Ten end-to-end DL architectures are compared on four different datasets with diverse raw physiological signals used for affect recognition, including emotional and stress states. The DL architectures specialized for time-series classification were enhanced to simultaneously facilitate learning from multiple sensors, each having their own sampling frequency. To enable fair comparison among the different DL architectures, Bayesian optimization was used for hyperparameter tuning. The experimental results showed that the performance of the models depends on the intensity of the physiological response induced by the affective stimuli, i.e., the DL models recognize stress induced by the Trier Social Stress Test more successfully than they recognize emotional changes induced by watching affective content, e.g., funny videos. Additionally, the results showed that the CNN-based architectures might be more suitable than LSTM-based architectures for affect recognition from physiological sensors.
Thermodynamic Mixing Properties of Sodium‐Potassium β″‐ Aluminas

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of the activities of Na + and K + ions in β″‐alumina solid solutions revealed complicated nonideal behavior throughout the system. At sodium‐rich compositions, activity coefficients for Na are less than unity, suggesting either some degree of order between Na + and K + or increased local order between Na + and vacancies. The system shows a change in thermodynamic behavior near X K =0.15. This composition corresponds closely to that showing the lowest ionic conductivity in the Na‐K β″‐gallate system.
On how the nature of mental events may affect their role in psychological explanation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An attempt is made to assess the likely role of mental events in psychological explanation. Various ways in which it might be thought that mental events are explanatorily idle are considered. Some reasons are given for singling out two arguments for special consideration. The first argument is that the physical world is causally closed, yet mental events are non-physical, hence mental events cannot be cited by psychology in the causal explanation of behaviour. To assess it, an account of the nature of the physical is put forward, and the premises that constitute the first argument refined and discussed. The existence of phenomenal and intentional properties is stated to be the main motivation for claiming that mental events are non-physical. It is claimed that there is an argument for the non-physical character of phenomenal properties based upon an understanding of awareness. In contrast, it is held that there is no reason to suppose intentional properties are non-physical. It is suggested that, given our conclusion about phenomenal properties, there is reason to reject the claim that the physical world is causally closed. The second argument holds that while psychology should only postulate explanatory entities whose occurrence is metaphysically independent of the environment in which the subject is located, some mental events with intentional properties are not independent, therefore, such mental events should not be cited in psychological explanations. It is argued that psychology should only take such an attitude to these mental events, if it is just concerned with the causal explanation of behaviour. An alternative view of psychological explanation is put forward involving, at one level, an appeal to norms, which allows the mental events mentioned an explanatory role, contrary to the original claim. Therefore, both arguments are rejected.
High throughput mass spectrometry-based characterisation of Arabidopsis thaliana group H glycosyltransferases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We cloned and characterised four group H glycosyltransferases by studying their substrate specificities and kinetics. Sequence alignment and site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that serine is a crucial residue for UDPGlcNAc and UDPGal activity.
Role of trunk inertia in non-stepping balance recovery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Previous research has identified two major non-stepping strategies used to recover balance following mechanical perturbations: ankle and hip strategy [1, 2]. These strategies are selected depending on eg the perturbation magnitude, prior experience, and configuration of the support surface [2] in order to control the posture (upright trunk and leg orientation) and angular momentum [3, 4]. Following an external mechanical perturbation, both body posture and angular momentum depend, in part, on passive properties of the body, such as the amount and distribution of mass. Simple mechanical models, like the inverted pendulum (IP)[4, 5] or the double IP [6] suggest an approximately linear inverse relationship between the inertia of a perturbed body segment and the resultant acceleration and, presumably, also the segment deflection.<br/>
Towards enhanced transparency and accuracy of scientific reporting in biomedical journals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Editorial Office, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia c/o The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa. The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus CCW1409, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H-8L6. E-mail address: dmiller@toh.on.ca (D.R. Miller)I am very grateful to have this opportunity to share personal observations and to reflect on a subject which is a core element of the medical scientific enterprise, namely, accurate and transparent reporting of research. This article does
An Analysis of Job Change Decision Using a Hybrid Mcdm Method: A Comparative Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>This paper investigates the decision process relating to job change which mostly depends on individual’s expectations about a job. Failing to fully understand the factors shaping these expectations leads to dissatisfaction and poor work performance; which produces unwanted consequences for both individuals and businesses. Since job change decision is defined as a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. This study uses a hybrid approach as a methodology combining fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) and fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) for the job change decision of a faculty working in a university. In this approach, while the use of fuzzy AHP method helps determine the weight of the decision criteria; fuzzy TOPSIS enables the evaluation of the alternatives. In order to investigate the methods’ applicability in multiple dimensions of decision problem space, a comparison analysis is conducted with the three methodologies; fuzzy AHP, fuzzy TOPSIS and the proposed hybrid approach (named fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS) in the same decision making context. Four factors are considered for the comparison: adequacy to changes of criteria or alternatives; agility in the decision process; computational complexity; and the number of criteria and alternatives. Analysis shows that three methods achieve the same results. This verifies their robustness and indicates that MCDM methods are viable in job change decisions. However; comparison analysis shows that based on the four factors; the proposed hybrid fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method provide more consistent results than fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. Thus the proposed hybrid fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method is more appropriate to use on a wide range of job change decision problems.</p>
<title>All-optical parallel switching by the use of guided-wave geometry composed of a thin silver film and a polymer thin film containing organic dye</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel all-optical parallel switching device was proposed based on photoinduced changes of a complex refractive index in a guided mode thin film composed of silver and polymer containing organic dyes. An incident angle of a probe beam was set at a value corresponding to the minimum reflection due to a guided wave mode. Pulsed laser excitation caused changes of absorption of the polymer films due to excited state formation or photochromism, which resulted in the increase of reflection because the guided mode condition was changed. According to the Kramers-Kronig relationship the real part also changes, which results in the shift of the minimum. We can select the wavelength for all-optical switching in this geometry. We used phthalocyanines and photochromic spiropyran dispersed in poly(vinyl alcohol) or polystyrene. For the former system, transient absorption due to the excited triplet gave a highly reversible very fast modulation of green light upon repeated excitation by ns laser. For the latter, self-held switching was achieved upon UV or visible laser excitation with response times less than 20 ns. The details of these systems will be presented.
Autonomy and clinical practice 1:identifying areas of concern

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This article, the first of three parts, presents an analysis of the use of the concept of autonomy in the nursing and healthcare ethics literature in the UK. It commences by considering some definitions of autonomy as they appear in the literature. Some of the confusions with the use of autonomy in the nursing literature are also identified and discussed, e.g. the frequent lack of clarity regarding how closely the concept is tied to notions of freedom. In addition, it also examines the lack of any indications in the nursing literature and that when one is considering the notion of autonomy it is also useful to consider the idea of constraining factors. In the nursing literature, discussions of autonomy largely appear to centre around the power imbalance between nurses and doctors. Issues of patient autonomy thus appear to be often of only secondary concern.
Is the combination of pyrazinamide plus rifampicin safe for treating latent tuberculosis infection in persons not infected by the human immunodeficiency virus?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of 352 individuals, 199 received 6H and 153 2RZ; 73% of contacts receiving 6H and 71% receiving 2RZ completed treatment (P = 0.73). Treatment interruption due to hepatotoxicity (ALT/AST > 5 times upper limit of normal) was observed in 10% of contacts in the 2RZ group and in 2.5% of the 6H group (P = 0.007). This higher than expected rate of hepatotoxicity in the 2RZ arm led to premature termination of the study. Severe or fatal liver injury was not detected. Liver function tests normalised after discontinuation of treatment. We conclude that the use of RZ should only be considered when other regimens are unsuitable and intensive monitoring of liver function is feasible.
A Novel Three-Component One-Pot Reaction Involving Alkynes, Urea or Thiourea, and Aldehydes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel three-component, one-pot condensation yielding 2-amino-4H-1,3-oxazines or 2-amino-4H-1,3-thiazines from alkynes, urea or thiourea, and aldehydes is described. [reaction: see text]
Surgeon specific ergonomically enhanced microforceps for micro-neurosurgery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Operating microscopes are integral components of modern neurosurgery. Despite the fact that there has been a significant technological progression in optics, many neurosurgeons are not satisfied with the present day neurosurgical instruments. With many instruments having dexterity limitations, constrained degrees of freedom and deprived ergonomics, the need for creating enhanced and better instruments is felt by neurosurgeons. The present work is related to surgeon specific ergonomic improvements in the fine microsurgical instrument called micro-forceps. This instrument is used to perform fine micro-suturing task under high magnification. The larger inter-tip distance gets amplified at this magnification and hence results in difficulty to perform suturing. Other factors related to ergonomics of this instrument are optimal applied force and surface roughness. Considering these design factors a new prototype of micro-forceps was designed, developed and validated. Subjective and objective analysis of the DMLS control and study instrument shows several ergonomic benefits. These include reduced inter-tip distance, reduced applied force of operation and optimal surface roughness.