jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water for Cleaning-In-Place of Milking Systems on Dairy Farms - Performance Evaluation and Assessment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cleanliness of on-farm milking systems directly affects the raw milk quality. A four-step procedure is the generally accepted method for cleaning-in-place (CIP) milking systems: (1) lukewarm water rinse, (2) alkaline cleaning, (3) acid rinse, and (4) sanitizer circulation. Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water is a novel technology in which acidic EO water and alkaline EO water are generated separately by electrolyzing diluted salt solution within an electrified chamber with a membrane to partition the alkaline and acidic EO waters. As these solutions fit perfectly with the basic requirements for CIP of milking systems, it was proposed that EO water can be used as a cleaning and sanitizing agent for CIP of milking systems. Previous studies in our lab showed that the utilization of EO water for CIP provided equal or better results than conventional cleaning on a pilot-scale milking system. The current project is undertaken to evaluate, assess, and validate this technology at a commercial dairy farm compared with conventional method of CIP. Results show that EO water CIP performance is as good as or better than conventional CIP for most of the sampling locations and system components. This indicates that EO water can be adapted as an alternative CIP method for dairy farms.
Gangs in Honduras and Containment Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper outlines a plausible mechanism whereby the country of Honduras could curtail gang violence within its borders with the eventual intent of exterminating gangs in Honduras. First, the need for such a plan is presented, with current statistics on the violence in Honduras. The paper then explores the possible use of an adapted form of Cold War containment policy against Honduran gangs. This method of containment would work by hindering the activities of the gangs and more importantly by addressing the societal factors that contribute to gang proliferation. It would contain gangs ideologically, economically, and socially, inhibiting their growth by stifling their economy and their supply of new members. This paper reviews anti- gang strategies that have proved ineffective and the reasons for their ineffectiveness. After it explicates the nature of the two main gangs in Honduras, it discusses containment and its history, and how Cold War containment policy could be applied in Honduras. The method, location, and responsibilities of the involved parties are described. Concerns relating to the adaptability of containment are also addressed. Lastly, this paper briefly discusses the current situation in Honduras’s political relationship with the United States.
Comparative Virulence of Strains ofRhizoctoniaspp. on Leafy Spurge{Euphorbia esula) and Disease Reactions of Cultivated Plants.in the Greenhouse

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Six multinucleate and two binucleate strains of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to the weed leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) were compared in aggressiveness. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating stems of leafy spurge or planting roots or seeds in soil infested with Rhizoctonia strains (8 cfu/g). Two multinucleate strains were significantly more virulent on roots of leafy spurge than the other strains. Eleven cultivated plant species were found to be susceptible to at least one of the eight Rhizoctonia strains, having mean disease ratings significantly different (P=0.05) from those of control plants. Two or more strains caused significantly different mean disease ratings in eight of these host species, indicating that there was variation among strains
The bond between nature and man: relevance of Wang Wei's and William Wordsworth's nature poetry as the remedy of man/nature dualism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a study of the contemporary relevance of Wang Wei's and William Wordsworth's nature poetry with regard to man/ nature dualism. Wang and Wordsworth are two poets from totally different time and space, nevertheless their poetry does illustrate the interrelation between man and nature. On the other hand, man/ nature dualism is a topic which has long been addressed by philosophers and intellectuals of both Easter and Western cultures. As nature poetry and man/ nature dualism are closely related, I am curious to know how Wang Wei and William Wordsworth would respond to the topic. Therefore, the objective of this project is to find out the relevant values, ideologies and beliefs embedded in Wang's and Wordsworth's poetry in response to man/ nature dualism.\nIn this paper, fourteen poems are selected from the two poets (six from Wang Wei and eight from William Wordsworth) and a detailed study of each will be shown in the discussion session. The discussion session is divided into three parts according to the poems' themes, ideologies and values. The first part, 'The Silenced Self and Transcendental Self in Nature’, discusses the significance of silence in nature that is able to connect man and nature. The second part, 'The Melting of Self into Nature', further investigates how humans can merge with nature, a seemingly different entity. The third part, 'Establishing Relations with Nature, a relation that evolves', is an account of how the two poets experience nature and gain their insights.
Impact of health indicators on maintenance management and operation of power systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a maintenance management and risk reduction approach. The approach introduces two reliability-based indexes called condition indicator and risk indicator. Condition indicator is a unit-less parameter that comes directly from monitored condition of a component and converts the categorical condition into a numerical value. Risk indicator in megawatt represents the risk imposed by the health of a component onto the system. To demonstrate application of the indicators, they are implemented through an hourly network constraint unit commitment problem and applied in a test system where the analysis of impact of condition of the generators to the operation is the new contribution. The results demonstrate how addition of such indicators will impact the operation of the grid and maintenance scheduling. The results show the benefit for the system operator as the overall failure risk in the system is taken into account, and the benefit for the asset owner as the direct impact of the maintenance to be carried out can be investigated. Two of the main outcomes of the maintenance management and risk reduction approach are as follows: asset owners can analyze their maintenance strategies and evaluate their impacts in the maintenance scheduling, and system operators can operate the grid with higher security and lower risk of failure.
Trace element composition of troilite, iron and iron-nickel metall from meteorite Chelyabinsk

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We studied the contents of trace elements in troilite, iron and in iron-nickel metal from meteorite Chelyabinsk by means of LA-ICP-MS. The features of the distribution of siderophile and chalcophile elements in sulfide and metallic phase in gray and black (impact modified) meteorite fragments were identified and the correlations in the content of these elements was analyzed. The correlation of PGE and Au versus Ni was determined, which is probably related to their joint fractionation between sulfide and metallic phase during high-temperature recrystallization in gray meteorite fragments. In contrast, in black meteorite fragments the contents of these elements are flattened in metal and troilite. Distribution of siderophile elements in metal of meteorite Chelyabinsk black fragments essentially differs from the same in chondrites ALHA78109 (LL5) and Soko-Banja (LL4). For the gray fragments there are no such differences, this apparently indicates to the redistribution of some siderophile elements between metal and sulfide phase of meteorite as a result of melting under impact events.
HSP27, an alarmin associated with ventricular fibrillation after STEMI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Ventricular fibrillation (VF) during acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical concern, affecting nearly 10% of MI patients, with survival rates remaining alarmingly low. MI induces an inflammatory response whose magnitude has been associated with worse outcomes and an increased risk of malignant arrhythmias. Stress-induced proteins, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), play a protective role within cardiomyocytes by acting as chaperones limiting oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptotic pathways. However, evidence suggests that once released into the extracellular environment, HSPs amplify inflammatory responses following MI, as increased levels in the acute phase were associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The specific role of HSP27 in promoting arrhythmogenesis following myocardial infarction remains to be elucidated. Purpose Our study aimed at investigating the association between systemic HSP27 levels and VF occurrence during the acute phase of MI before revascularization. Methods From 2016 to 2022, 399 ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected before coronary angiography, and HSP27 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. Statistical analysis used Ficher’s test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney's test for continuous variables, while a p value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among 399 patients, 36 (9.0 %) experienced primary VF. Median age was 58 years old in both groups without significant difference in gender (80% male in the VF group vs 79% in the non-VF group). Ischemic time was shorter in patients who suffered VF (147.5 min IQR [120.0-228.0] vs 195.5 min IQR [130.8-352.5], p = 0.04). LVEF was lower in the VF group (LVEF: 45.0% IQR [35.0-55.0] vs 51.0 % IQR [45.0-60.0], p = 0.001). HSP27 levels at admission were significantly higher in the VF group (4982.0 pg/mL [IQR: 4056.0-8952.0]) compared to the non-PVF group (3899.0 pg/mL IQR [3013.0-5473.0], p&lt;0.001). Higher HSP27 levels remained associated with an increased risk of VF using logistic regression considering age, gender, LVEF and anterior localization of MI (adjusted odds-ratio 3,39 95% confidence interval [1,5-7,8], p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion Our findings reveal higher systemic levels of HSP27 in patients experiencing VF during MI. Since our study design cannot confirm causation, prospective studies are needed to clarify HSP27’s role in post-MI arrhythmogenesis. Nevertheless, our results suggest that HSP27 may contribute to cardiac electrical instability, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.HSP27 levels at admission after STEMI
The Use of Group Therapy as a Means of Facilitating Cognitive–Behavioural Instruction for Adolescents With Disruptive Behaviour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article reports on the findings of an action research enquiry examining the efficacy of group therapy as a means of facilitating cognitive–behavioural instruction for students who exhibit disruptive behaviours. A curriculum comprising the key tenets of cognitive–behaviour modification was developed and taught over a 9-week period to a group of 12 Year 7 adolescent students selected from a primary school in the Brisbane metropolitan district, Queensland, Australia. Six of the participants for the investigation were identified as ‘at-risk’ of engaging in disruptive behaviours based on extensive observations from members of the school administration team. The remaining students served as role models of prosocial behaviours throughout the intervention. Each session incorporated group discussions and physical challenges that were formulated to facilitate investigation of key concepts of cognitive– behavioural therapy. The findings that emerged from the investigation provide support for the use of group therapy for this form of intervention.
Achieving Adult Status in Greece

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

The attainment of adult status in Greece is a neglected research issue. Sociodemographic changes and the severity and long duration of the Global Recession in this country (2008-2018) are expected to contribute to the delayed entry to adulthood, especially among university students. In this study, conducted in 2015, 814 university students (ages 18-25; M = 19.9) provided information on subjective adult status (per se and with significant others), achievement of adulthood criteria, associations between the two, and several personal and contextual variables. Results showed that two thirds of the sample felt in-between adolescence and adulthood. They felt more adult in work, university, and romantic relationships, and less adult with parents, friends, and siblings. The most achieved criteria were in the areas of Norm Compliance and Independence, whereas Role Transitions had been achieved the least. A variety of achievements, reflected in Independence, Norm Compliance, and Family Capacities criteria, and some concrete transitions were significantly associated with subjective adult status. Gender, age, parents’ educational level, financial constraints, and financial concerns significantly and differentially predicted the achievement of several adulthood markers. Results provide insight into the achievement of adult status within the Greek context in the aftermath of the Global Recession.
An Inorganic Aggregate Based on a Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalate with Lanthanide and Potassium Cations: From 1D Chiral Ladder‐Like Chains to a 3D Open Framework

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reaction of sandwich‐type polyanion [Mn 4 Si 2 W 18 O 68 (H 2 O) 2 ] 12– , ceric sulfate, and potassium citrate in an acidic aqueous solution led to the isolation of a new compound K 4 Na 2 [{Ce(H 2 O) 7 } 2 Mn 4 Si 2 W 18 O 68 (H 2 O) 2 ] · 21.5H 2 O ( 1 ), which crystallizes in the space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 with a = 12.040(2) Å, b = 26.094(5) Å, c = 30.043(6) Å, V = 9439(3) Å 3 , Z = 4, and flack parameter x = 0.63(1). X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 consists of novel chiral ladder‐like chains based on sandwich‐type polyanions and lanthanide cations, which are further connected into a three‐dimensional open framework by potassium cations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Affect-Gating

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Neurobiological theories of affective processing suggest that different affective states can make people more sensitive to the stimulation impinging on different sensory channels. Five experiments show that consumers in a negative affective state experience enhanced sensitivity to the tactile benefits of products, whereas consumers in a positive affective state experience enhanced sensitivity to the visual benefits of products. Affect-based sensory sensitivity is a consequence of adaptations that induce mammals to seek social support when in a negative affective state and explore the environment when in a positive affective state. In humans, these adaptations are part of an innate system that influences preferences for products with tactile or visual benefits.
Web content and design : a review of ecommerce/ebusiness program sites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web sites promote or provide information about products, and are the portals through which most electronic transactions are conducted (Singh and Dalal 1999, Kowtha and Choon 2001). Nowadays many universities offer eCommerce/eBusiness degree programs (Swatman and Chan 2001), with information embodied in associated web sites. It is less clear whether eCommerce techniques are utilized by universities at these sites for selling their educational &quot;products&quot; -- degree programs. In this paper we apply Ho&apos;s framework for evaluation of web sites (Ho 1997) to review eCommerce/eBusiness program web sites in Australia and Hong Kong SAR , and suggest ways in which universities could make better use of eCommerce techniques for their own portals.
Current Challenges for German Business in the Russian Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The reaction of leading German companies in the Russian market after the start of the special military operation on the territory of Ukraine is considered. Companies interested in resolving the situation as soon as possible decided whether to leave the Russian market or not. The author analyzed the decisions of firms in the general context of winding down German business activities after 2014. After the acute phase of the pandemic ended, trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Germany showed a tendency to recover. However, since February 24, 2022, German companies with a small number of exceptions have generally supported anti-Russian sanctions. The conceptual typology of firms’ decisions, i.e., exit, activity compression, stabilization, and continuation of work in a difficult environment, is explored. It is concluded that the long-term trajectory of the real actions of German companies has fundamentally changed. The analysis made it possible to establish that the foundation of pragmatic market relations towards Russia is being eroded in the German foreign economic policy. This explains why German companies declare their willingness to pay. If during the annexation of Crimea to Russia groups of lobbyists for the interests of the German economy fought to maintain contacts, now such efforts are coming to naught.
The non-lysosomal, calcium-dependent proteolytic system of mammalian cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The intracellular calcium-dependent proteases (calpains) and their endogenous protein inhibitor (calpastatin) are present in many different mammalian cells. There is emerging evidence for their importance in the turnover of membrane-associated proteins. Accordingly, it is important to understand how these proteinases and their inhibitor interact within cells, in particular at membranes. Bovine myocardial calpastatin appears to be associated in part with intracellular membranes, where it may effectively block the activity of calpain II on membrane-associated proteins. Immuno-electron microscopic studies suggest that canine myocardial calpain and calpastatin are associated with a number of membranous organelles. During canine myocardial autolysis, the amount of calpain at various organelles decreased, but the amount of calpastatin decreased to an even greater extent. Thus there may be a high calpain to calpastatin balance during heart ischemia at these sites. Calpain II aggregation may contribute to localization of the proteinase at sites of high calcium concentration within cells. A model is presented for interaction of calpain II and calpastatin at cellular membranes in the presence of calcium.
Innovative Nano-TiO2 Particles for Self-cleaning Treatments of Historic Architecture and Sculptures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The study reports the results of a new treatment based on water and ethylene glycol nano-TiO 2 dispersions showing photocatalytic properties that was tested on both Noto stone (calcarenite) and Carrara marble. To verify that the proposed treatments did not affect the intrinsic properties of the stone materials, colour measurement, static contact angle and water absorption by capillarity tests were carried out before and after the treatments. The efficacy of the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanoparticles applied to the stone substrates was evaluated by decomposition tests of organic colorants (Rhodamine B), both after indoor natural light exposition and after ageing in a Xenon lamp solar box. The specimens were also exposed to outdoors environment in order to verify their properties as self-cleaning agents to prevent soiling. The results showed that nano-TiO 2 dispersions were effective and suitable for the use in the field of architectural heritage.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The effects of flexible bronchoscopy on mechanical ventilation in a pediatric lung model.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Flexible bronchoscopy performed through endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in children receiving mechanical ventilation can significantly impact ventilation, but the magnitude of this impact has not been established. We used a lung model to simulate mechanical ventilation in a range of child sizes in order to determine how the insertion of pediatric flexible bronchoscopes into ETTs alters ventilatory parameters, especially tidal volume (Vt) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), in both healthy and diseased lungs.METHODS: We simulated five child sizes based on weight, and evaluated 22 bronchoscope/ETT combinations, first in pressure control (PC) ventilation mode and then in volume control (VC) ventilation mode. The combinations ranged from the 2.2-mm (bronchoscope outer diameter)/3.0-mm (ETT inner diameter) to 5.0-mm bronchoscope/8.0-mm ETT. The primary outcome measures were decrease in Vt after bronchoscope insertion during PC ventilation and increase in PIP during VC ventilation.RESULTS: In the PC ventilator mode, Vt decreased by > 50% with nine of the combinations, while during VC ventilation, PIP increased by >or= 20 cm H(2)O with seven combinations. The 2.2-mm bronchoscope/3.0-mm ETT, 2.8-mm bronchoscope/5.0-mm ETT, and 3.6-mm bronchoscope/5.0-mm ETT combinations severely impaired ventilation, while the 3.6-mm bronchoscope/4.5-mm ETT, 5.0-mm bronchoscope/6.5-mm ETT, and 5.0-mm bronchoscope/7.0-mm ETT combinations were incompatible with adequate ventilation.CONCLUSIONS: The insertion of bronchoscopes into ETTs can lead to clinically relevant decreases in Vt when in the PC ventilator mode and large increases in PIP during VC ventilation. The minimum bronchoscope/ETT diameter difference required to maintain adequate ventilation increases with child size. PMID: 18812449
New Approximations of Ruin Probability in a Risk Process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A continuous-time risk process is considered, where the premium rate is constant and claim process forms a compound Poisson process. We introduce new approximations of the ruin probability of the risk process, which extend Cramer’s and Tijms’ approximations. We also introduce an extended formula of the well-known exponential approximation. These new approximations give closer values to the true ruin probability than the existing ones.
Design of ECG Signal Acquisition and Processing Circuit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper designs an ECG signal acquisition and processing circuit.The circuit includes preamplifier circuit, a high-pass filter circuit, a low-pass filter circuit, 50Hz frequency filter circuit, the main amplifier circuit.Experiments show that it can effectively filter all kinds of interference in the ECG signal.The circuit can realize the acquisition and processing of ECG signal, which has the characteristics of low cost and easy operation.