jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atopic Dermatitis Treatment with Topical Therapy Alone Results in Persistent Elevated Disease Severity and High Disease Control Dissatisfaction: Real-World Health Care Professional and Patient Perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Given the changing treatment landscape in atopic dermatitis (AD), it is important to understand real-world disease severity and health care professional (HCP) and patient treatment expectations and goals. This study assesses HCP-reported current disease severity and rates of HCP and patient dissatisfaction with current disease control in patients with a history of moderate-to-severe AD. Methods: This study was an analysis of data from the United States Adelphi AD Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional, descriptive, real-world study of HCP-completed medical records and patient surveys including retrospective data. The study included patients with a current diagnosis or a history of moderate-to-severe AD. HCPs provided information on current AD severity and treatments. Both HCPs and patients provided information on satisfaction with disease control on current treatment, and reasons for any dissatisfaction. Patients were stratified by their current treatment (systemic + topicals, systemic only, or topicals only). Systemic treatments included injectable biologics, oral small molecules, oral and injected corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants; topical treatments included corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, crisaborole, and ruxolitinib. Results A total of 146 HCPs (70 dermatologists, 19 allergists/immunologists, and 57 primary care practitioners) provided data for 747 patients, 215 of whom filled out a patient survey. Based on defined systemic and topical treatments, there were 191 (26%) patients on systemic + topical therapy, 143 (19%) patients on systemics only, and 200 (27%) patients on topicals only. Dissatisfaction rates for AD disease control on current treatment were reported by HCPs and patients for systemic + topicals [20%, 21%], systemic only [10%, 11%], and topicals only [23%, 30%]). The most common reasons for patient dissatisfaction with AD control were the “constant problem of itch,” “lack of clear skin,” “skin lesions that were visible to other people,” and “unresolved flaring.” Despite extended mean treatment duration (MTD), HCPs reported current moderate-to-severe disease severity in 64% of patients on systemic + topicals (MTD 496 days), 50% on systemics only (MTD 456 days), and 61% on topicals only (MTD 268 days). Conclusion: These descriptive results suggest that many patients still have moderate-to-severe AD despite available treatments. A higher proportion of HCPs and patients were dissatisfied with the current level of disease control when topical therapies alone were prescribed. Patient dissatisfaction with disease control was due to itch, lack of clear skin, visible skin lesions, and flares.
Backstage Interorganizational Collaboration: Corporate Endorsement of the Sustainable Development Goals

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In September 2015, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals as the global development agenda. Since then, many companies have endorsed the goals. However, research has yet to address the emergent interorganizational processes that led to corporate endorsement of the goals. In this article, we address the question: What were the emergent interorganizational processes over time and space that led to corporate endorsement of the Sustainable Development Goals? To answer this question, we draw on a longitudinal ethnographic study of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development from 2008 to 2018 and other sources of qualitative data. Our main discovery is that member companies' endorsement of the Sustainable Development Goals was the result of emergent and unforeseen interorganizational dynamics between two initially separate collaborations. We find three common antecedents (organizational convening capabilities, existing visions for global sustainability, and overlapping professional networks) and three triggering mechanisms (cross-fertilization by a science-based boundary object, embrace of disequilibrium, and boundary spanning work) to explain member companies' endorsement of the goals. We show how the amalgamation of these three triggering mechanisms over time and space drove rare interorganizational dynamics that led to business endorsement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Glycans in Meningococcal Pathogenesis (an overview)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Abstract| June 01 1999 Glycans in Meningococcal Pathogenesis (an overview) Mumtaz Virji Mumtaz Virji 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (3): A85. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a085b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Mumtaz Virji; Glycans in Meningococcal Pathogenesis (an overview). Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1999; 27 (3): A85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a085b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The politicisation of immigration in the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why are migration policies sometimes heavily contested and high on the political agenda? And why do they, at other moments and in other countries, hardly lead to much public debate? The entrance and settlement of migrants in Western Europe has prompted various political reactions. In some countries anti-immigration parties have gained substantial public support while in others migration policies have been hardly controversial.

The Politicisation of Migration examines the differences between seven Western European countries by developing a conceptual framework to empirically explain patterns of politicisation and de-politicisation. The analyses show that over the past decade immigration has been increasingly defined in socio-cultural terms and that it has been receiving less political attention since the economic crisis started in 2007.
Preparing prospective secondary teachers to teach mathematical reasoning and proof: the case of the role of examples in proving

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mathematics teacher education programs in the United States are charged with preparing prospective secondary teachers (PSTs) to teach reasoning and proving across grade levels and mathematical topics. Although most programs require a course on proof, PSTs often perceive it as disconnected from their future classroom practice. Our design research project developed a capstone course Mathematical Reasoning and Proving for Secondary Teachers and systematically studied its effect on PSTs’ content and pedagogical knowledge specific to proof. This paper focuses on one course module— Quantification and the Role of Examples in Proving, a topic which poses persistent difficulties to students and teachers alike. The analysis suggests that after the course, PSTs’ content and pedagogical knowledge of the role of examples in proving increased. We provide evidence from multiple data sources: pre-and post-questionnaires, PSTs’ responses to the in-class activities, their lesson plans, reflections on lesson enactment, and self-report. We discuss design principles that supported PSTs’ learning and their applicability beyond the study context.
Design Insights of Nanosheet FET and CMOS Circuit Applications at 5-nm Technology Node

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, FinFET, vertically stacked gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW), and nanosheet (NS) FETs performance are estimated with equal effective channel widths ( ${W}_{eff}$ ) at the 5-nm technology node (N5). The comparison reveals that NS FET exhibits the highest ON current ( ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ), the lowest OFF current ( ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ), and the largest ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ratio with better subthreshold performance. We also explore the geometrical variation of the NS FET toward better dc and analog/RF applications and outlined the necessary design guidelines. Moreover, the robustness of NS FET for temperature variations is also performed and analyzed. Finally, the effect of NS width ( $\text{NS}_{W}$ ) on common source (CS) amplifier, CMOS inverter, and ring oscillator circuits is performed by the Verilog-A model in the CADENCE simulator. An increment of 45.11% in oscillation frequency ( $f_{osc}$ ), 155.5% rise in CS amplifier gain, $2.5\times $ increment in energy-delay product (EDP), and marginal reduction in inverter noise margin (NM) is noticed with larger $\text{NS}_{W}$ . From the result analysis, it is noticed that for sub-5-nm technological nodes, NS FETs exhibit superior performance and ensure fundamental scaling.
Terpenoids from Montonia diffusa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerpenoids from Montonia diffusaMariano Martínez V., Miguel Muñoz Corona, Cristina Sánchez Vélez, Lydia Rodríguez-Hahn, and Pedro Joseph-NathanCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 4, 793–796Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/np50058a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (210 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Adam and Eve to Mary and Christ: sin, redemption, atonement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The historian documents the atrocities of the twentieth century; the concert audience inwardly echoes the screaming sounds and relentless rhythms of Shostakovich's ‘dark epic’, his Eighth Symphony, as it ‘continues to ring out as the voice of an individual sensibility speaking for the millions whose lives have been shattered by totalitarianism, militarism and cruelty’.
Structural Reform and Productivity Growth in Emerging Europe and Central Asia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since 1990, countries in emerging Europe and Central Asia have undergone comprehensive economic transformation. These reforms helped achieve an impressive degree of income convergence toward the levels of the advanced economies, although at the cost of rising inequality and lower life satisfaction. Over the last decade, both the speed of reforms and economic growth have slowed down markedly. To sustain convergence, greater emphasis needs to be put on structural reforms, facilitating innovation and boosting firm productivity while, at the same time, taking into account the distributional impact of reforms.
Metric specification and improvement of intersection models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Egenhofer's intersection model for describing topological relations has a normative problem in metrics, and the inner, outer and boundary boundaries of different dimensional online objects do not conform to the definition of inner, outer and boundary based on metric-neighborhood language pairs in point set topology. Therefore, by establishing a mapping from the dimension to the lower dimension, the boundary, exterior and interior of the line object are inversely mapped in one dimension, so that the line object in the two-dimensional space still conforms to the three-part division of the metric specification. This process allows the new node degree to be used, and the resulting topological formal model is more distinguishable than other models.
New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region of Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grichanov, Igor Ya. (2021): New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region of Russia. Amurian Zoological Journal XIII (1): 4-11, DOI: 10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-1-4-11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-1-4-11
Cryo-TEM Reveals the Influence of Multivalent Charge and PEGylation on Shape Transitions in Fluid Lipid Assemblies: From Vesicles to Discs, Rods, and Spheres

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lipids, and cationic lipids in particular are of interest as delivery vectors for hydrophobic drugs such as the cancer therapeutic paclitaxel, and the structures of lipid assemblies affect their efficacy. We investigated the effect of incorporating the multivalent cationic lipid MVL5 (+5e) and poly(ethylene glycol)-lipids (PEG-lipids), alone and in combination, on the structure of fluid-phase lipid assemblies of the charge-neutral lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DOPC). This allowed us to elucidate lipid-assembly structure correlations in sonicated formulations with high charge density, which are not accessible with univalent lipids such as the well-studied DOTAP (+1e). Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) allowed us to determine the structure of the lipid assemblies, revealing diverse combinations of vesicles and disc-shaped, worm-like, and spherical micelles. Remarkably, MVL5 forms an essentially pure phase of disc micelles at 50 mol % MVL5. At a higher (75 mol %) content of MVL5, short- and intermediate-length worm-like micellar rods were observed, and in ternary mixtures with PEG-lipid, longer and highly flexible worm-like micelles formed. Independent of their length, the worm-like micelles coexisted with spherical micelles. In stark contrast, DOTAP forms mixtures of vesicles, disc micelles, and spherical micelles at all studied compositions, even when combined with PEG-lipids. The observed similarities and differences in the effects of charge (multivalent versus univalent) and high curvature (multivalent charge versus PEG-lipid) on the assembly structure provide insights into parameters that control the size of fluid lipid nanodiscs, relevant for future applications.
Function-preserving surgery in sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis of brachial plexus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Desmoid tumours of the brachial plexus are rare locally infiltrative aggressive, monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferations characterized by a variable and often unpredictable clinical course. Only 21 patients have been reported in the literature. We add another one, and report function-preserving surgery in a 34-year-old man with a desmoid tumour of the brachial plexus. The patient presented with paraesthesia and gradually progressive distal muscle weakness in the left upper limb. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed preganglionic changes in segments C8–D1. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhancing mass with irregular margins in the left paravertebral region encasing the subclavian artery, pre- and post-ganglionic C6–D1 nerve roots and trunks of the brachial plexus. Using an anterior transclavicular approach the tumour was decompressed, which led to a major improvement in paraesthesia and partial motor recovery. He was doing well at 6 months of follow-up. Histopathological examination showed findings consistent with desmoid tumour. A tailored multidisciplinary surgical approach, with the aim to preserve function over radiological clearance, is an acceptable treatment strategy in preserving patient’s quality of life for such infiltrating desmoid tumours encasing the brachial plexus. Following surgery, observation and close radiological surveillance offer an optimal strategy without jeopardizing the quality of life.
Look Up and Smile! Seeing through Alexa’s Algorithmic Gaze

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Echo Look is one latest product by Amazon built on the artificial intelligence agent Alexa designed to be a virtual fashion assistant. This paper draws on feminist theory to critically engage with the premises and promises of this new technology. More specifically, I demonstrate how the introduction of Echo Look is an occasion to think through ethical and political issues at stake in the particular space it enters, in this case no less than what is perceived of (women’s) bodies and what fashion is and does. In addition, the specific domain helps us see this category of technology anew, illuminating its taken-for-granted assumptions. More specifically, it serves as yet another reminder of what algorithms cannot do and of their oppressive potency.
Seismic Performance Assessment of Existing Steel Buildings: A Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerous existing steel framed buildings located in earthquake prone regions world-wide were designed without seismic provisions. Slender beam-columns, as well as non-ductile beam-to-column connections have been employed for multi-storey moment-resisting frames (MRFs) built before the 80’s. Thus, widespread damage due to brittle failure has been commonly observed in the past earthquakes for steel MRFs. A recent post-earthquake survey carried out in the aftermath of the 2016-2017 Central Italy seismic swarm has pointed out that steel structures may survive the shaking caused by several main-shocks and strong aftershocks without collapsing. Inevitably, significant lateral deformations are experienced, and, in turn, non-structural components are severely damaged thus inhibiting the use of the steel building structures. The present papers illustrates the outcomes of a recent preliminary numerical study carried out for the case of a steel MRF building located in Amatrice, Central Italy, which experienced a series of ground motion excitations suffering significant damage to the masonry infills without collapsing. A refined numerical model of the sample structure has been developed on the basis of the data collected on site. Given the lack of design drawings, the structure has been re-designed in compliance with the Italian regulations imposed at the time of construction employing the allowable stress method. The earthquake performance of the case study MRF has been then investigated through advanced nonlinear dynamic analyses and its structural performance has been evaluated according to Eurocode 8-Part 3 for existing buildings. The reliability of the codified approaches has been evaluated and possible improvements emphasized.
Design and Properties of Natural Rosin-Based Phosphoester Functional Surfactants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

As an important forestry biomass resource, rosin has a wide range of applications in medicine, adhesives, surfactants and other fields. Using natural dehydroabietic acid as a raw material, dehydroabietic acid-based phosphorus monoester (DPM) and diester (DPD) surfactants were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures and self-assembly properties were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and TEM, and the effects of pH on critical micelle concentration, γCMC, emulsifying properties, foam properties and micelle morphology were studied. The results showed that the CMC, γCMC value and aggregate morphology had certain pH responsiveness. The γCMC value under acidic conditions was smaller than γCMC under alkaline conditions, and the foaming performance and foam stability under acidic conditions were better than those under alkaline conditions. TEM micelle morphology studies have shown that DPM and DPD surfactants can self-assemble into rod-shaped and spherical micelle morphologies with a pH change in an aqueous solution. At the same pH, the foaming and emulsification properties of DPD were better than those of DPM. The best foaming and emulsification ability of DPD were 11.8 mL and 175 s, respectively. At the same time, the foaming ability of DPD is also affected by pH. DPD has excellent foaming properties in acidic conditions, but these disappeared in neutral conditions.
(Invited) The Dynamics of Nickelidation for Self-Aligned Contacts to InGaAs Channels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid development of ultrascaled III−V compound-semiconductor devices requires the detailed investigation of metal-semiconductor contacts at the nanoscale where crystal orientation, size, and structural phase play dominant roles in device performance. Here, we report comprehensive studies on the solid-state reaction between metal (Ni) and ternary III−V semiconductor (In0.53Ga0.47As) nanochannels to reveal their reaction kinetics, dynamics, formed crystal structure, and interfacial properties. We observed size-dependent reaction kinetics that are dominated by Ni surface-diffusion at small channel dimensions. We also employed in-situ heating in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to record and analyze the atomic scale dynamics of contact reactions both in the cross-section and along the nanowire channel directions of InGaAs nanowires. Atomic models and nucleation models were introduced to depict the ledge formation and nucleation events. Deformation theory was applied to calculate the strain-induced shift in band-edge energies at the nickelide/InGaAs interface. These observations pave the way for engineered nanoscale contact to III-V transistors.
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Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The presence of serum varicella zoster virus (VZV) immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) aid diagnosis of and confirmation of immunization against varicella and herpes zoster. However, the relationship between serum VZV IgM and IgG and the clinical characteristics of VZV infection remains unclear.\nObjective: We evaluated quantitative changes in serum VZV IgM and IgG in accordance with the clinical features of varicella, herpes zoster, and disseminated herpes zoster compared with a normal control group.\nMethods: A total of 922 patients were classified into 3 groups: varicella, herpes zoster, and disseminated herpes zoster. We assessed serum VZV IgM and IgG titers in association with age, severity of skin lesions, duration of skin lesions, immune status, and neurologic complications.\nResults: In patients with varicella and herpes zoster, serum antibody titer varied significantly depending on age and the duration of skin lesions. A high serum VZV IgM titer was related to varicella or disseminated herpes zoster viremia. In herpes zoster, elevated antibody titers, especially VZV IgM, were associated with severe skin lesions and the presence of neurologic complications.\nConclusion: Serologic data for varicella and herpes zoster varied according to clinical features. A high serum VZV IgM titer was associated with an unfavorable clinical course of herpes zoster.