jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research and Development of CCR5-targeted Small Molecule Anti-AIDS Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chemokine receptor 5(CCR5), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, is one of the major co-receptors for HIV-1 infection. Research and development of CCR5-targeted small-molecular antiAIDS drugs have aroused the interest of all. Several representative small-molecular CCR5-targeted agents have been developed in recent years. Their mechanisms of action were reviewed and their structure-activity relationship was also discussed.
Effect of Phenotypic Selection on Stochastic Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetically identical cells in the same population can take on phenotypically variable states, leading to differentiated responses to external signals, such as nutrients and drug-induced stress. Many models and experiments have focused on a description based on discrete phenotypic states. Here, we consider the effects of selection acting on a single trait, which we explicitly link to the variable number of proteins expressed by a gene. Considering different regulatory models for the gene under selection, we calculate the steady-state distribution of expression levels and show how the population adapts its expression to enhance its fitness. We quantitatively relate the overall fitness of the population to the heritability of expression levels and their diversity within the population. We show how selection can increase or decrease the variability in the population, alter the stability of bimodal states, and impact the switching rates between metastable attractors.
539 If Seeing Was Believing - A Retrospective Analysis of Potential Reduced Treatment Delays with a Novel Burn Wound Assessment Device.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Burn care (BC) remains a highly specialized and resource intensive specialty with only 2% of hospitals featuring a burn center and less than 1% of graduating general surgery and plastic surgery residents pursing a burn fellowship each year. Access to specialized care is further complicated by burn wound assessment (BWA) which is commonly performed visually without adjunctive devices. To help clinicians make more accurate assessments and potentially reduce delays in transfer or treatment, a new non-invasive imaging device for BWA is being developed using visible and non-visible wavelengths of light with machine learning algorithms. Our goal was to assess the potential reduced treatment delay (RTD) and associated financial savings by implementing such a device using our burn center’s historical data. Methods The study was an IRB-approved, retrospective review of admissions from 07/01/2018 through 06/30/2019. Inclusion criteria: thermal, chemical, contact, or electrical mechanism of injury, &gt;15 years of age requiring excision, and length of stay &gt;72 hours. Inclusion data included: presence/absence of concomitant trauma, day of surgery, day of admission, day of electronic order entry for case request, and length of stay per percent total body surface area (LOS%TBSA). RTD was defined starting &gt;48 hours after injury daily until electronic order entry for surgical case request. Reduced costs were calculated per day from prior studies ranging $3,000 to $5,100/day. Results A total of 109 patients were included. 29 patients had case requests placed within 48 hours of admission. Of the remaining 80 patients, a potential of 398 days would have been saved had a novel BWA adjunctive imaging devices aided surgeon to requests earlier surgical intervention. Overall savings from reduced length of stay range from $1,194,000 to $2,029,800 dollars. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that should a BWA technology with accuracy 48 hours after injury be developed, even burn centers with 24-hour access to operating rooms can reduce treatment delays. The study does not look at additional cost savings offered by reduced emergent transfers or admissions which offer additional intrigue and promise.
Factors Affecting Minimum Surface Leakage Distances in D-C Power Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A summary of the mniminium leakage distances for the several insulating materials investigated is presented in Table II. These data were obtained for direct current applications using the measuring techniques described in the appendix. The determination of safe minimum leakage distances for power installations is dependent upon the following considerations: 1. The minimum safe distance is dependent upon the leakage current across the surface of the insulation. The voltage associated with the minimum safe current, namely tracking voltage, serves as a criterion for establishing this minimum distance. Exceeding this criterion either by increased voltage or reduced distance will result in ultimate breakdown and complete destruction of the insulating properties of the insulation. 2. The establishment of minimum safe leakage distances requires an accurate knowledge of the environmental conditions where the insulation will be employed. The deposition of water and soluble conducting contaminants such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate will affect the tracking voltage greatly. 3. The arc resisting qualities of an insulating material will, to a large extent, determine the safe minimum leakage distance. Further investigation should be made to determine the factors affecting leakage distances in alternating current systems and the relationship to direct current values. Surge voltages and the benefits derived from barriers should also be analyzed to add further knowledge to the limitations of insulation and insulated structures.
Data Management: The Spirit to Pursuit Peak Performance on Many-Core Processor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

to date, most of many-core prototypes employ tiled topologies connected through on-chip networks. The throughput and latency of the on-chip networks usually become to the bottleneck to achieve peak performance especially for communication intensive applications. Most of studies are focus on on-chip networks only, such as routing algorithms or router micro-architecture, to improve the above metrics. The salient aspect of our approach is that we provide a data management framework to implement high efficient on-chip traffic based on overall many-core system. The major contributions of this paper include that: (1) providing a novel tiled many-core architecture which supports software controlled on-chip data storage and movement management; (2) identifying that the asynchronous bulk data transfer mechanism is an effective method to tolerant the latency of 2-D mesh on-chip networks. At last, we evaluate the 1-D FFT algorithm on the framework and the performance achieves 47.6 Gflops with 24.8% computation efficiency.
Structure and regulation of the Escherichia coli ruv operon involved in DNA repair and recombination.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ruv gene of Escherichia coli, which is involved in DNA repair and recombination, was cloned on a plasmid vector. The DNA of the ruv region was sequenced; it had two open reading frames in tandem that could code for 22- and 37-kilodalton proteins. The proteins encoded by these open reading frames were identified by the maxicell method. The two genes were aligned in the same orientation and regulated by the SOS system, so the two genes probably constitute an operon. The distal one complemented the ruv mutations. Transcription of the operon was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Two transcription initiation sites were identified upstream of the coding frames, and the transcription from both sites was repressed by the LexA repressor. A DNA sequence that is homologous to the SOS box and bound by LexA protein was found in the regulatory region of the operon. The amino acid sequence of Ruv protein deduced from the DNA sequence shows a high degree of homology to the consensus sequence shared by ATP-binding proteins.
Does the Left-Behind Experience Affect the Exam Behavior, Drop-Out Behavior, and Intention to Colleges of Secondary Vocational Students? Based on Longitudinal Data from Zhejiang and Shaanxi Provinces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is based on tracking data of 7,411 first-year high school students from 106 secondary vocational schools in Zhejiang and Shaanxi Provinces from 2011 and 2012 and analyzes the impact of the experience of being left-behind on the exam behavior, dropout behavior, and willingness for promotion of secondary vocational school students. The authors find that when not controlling other factors, there are group differences among left-behind children, migrant children, and nonmigrant left-behind children on participation in the high school entrance exam, dropout rates, and plans to attend vocational college. However, when controlling other factors, there are no significant differences between left-behind children and non–left-behind children in exam behavior, dropout behavior, and willingness for promotion, and there is no significant impact during the period they are left behind on the exam behavior, dropout behavior, and willingness for promotion of vocational secondary school students. Therefore, using instrumental variables or other identification strategies is a possible direction in this field of study.
Pre-service Teachers' Views on Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: The study aims to determine whether there are any changes in the perceptions of final year pre-service special education teachers towards students with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment (MDVI) and their education as a result of their teaching practice with these students. Method: The study conducted through semi-structured interviews under qualitative research methods involved four female and two male pre-service teachers who were purposively selected according to the criterion sampling method and who were studying in the Visual Impairments Teaching Programme and continue their teaching practice with MDVI students. The data of the study were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data were collected before and after the teaching practice and analysed using the content analysis method. Findings: In the light of the findings obtained, it is observed that the teaching practice with students with MDVI has a positive impact on the pre-service teachers' perceptions of students with MDVI and their education. After the practice, all participants had positive experiences with students with MDVI. The pre-service teachers have critically examined the physical structure of the school and the classroom after the practice; therefore, in the theme of the educational environment, while initially, two participants found the physical structure of the classroom positive, in the final interview all participants stated that it was not suitable. In the theme of pre-service teacher education, it was expressed that theoretical courses were useful but needed to be supported by practice. Participants stated that teaching practice with students with MDVI was beneficial in terms of gaining experience and that they would be able to work with students with all types of disabilities after graduation. Discussion: This study examines the pre-service teachers’ views towards students with MDVI and their education and shows that they change positively during the year of teaching practice. The pre-service teachers stated that their feelings and views about the educational environment changed positively as they gained experience. Participants emphasised the need to enrich special education curriculum by increasing the focus on practice and experience in course content. In addition, it was noted that in-service training and digital materials could help teachers to provide quality education.
Measuring the Perception of Secondary School Students in Kedah Towards the Attractiveness of Technical and Vocational Education and Training: A Demographic Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is one of the ways to produce skilled workers who are crucial to drive the economic of our country. Despite several strategies made by the government, TVET still does not seem to be a popular choice among secondary school students when choosing their tertiary education pathway. Hence, this study aims to analyse the students’ perception of TVET based on the demographic analysis of gender and current study stream in school in Kedah. The sole focus is on the students who are not enrolling in TVET so that more reasons why they are not likely to join TVET can be discovered. For the data collection process, 428 secondary school students from Kedah are chosen as the respondents. Descriptive analysis of the data is performed using Microsoft Excel and Google Data Studio. The results reveal that male and female students have positive perceptions of TVET even though they do not enrol in TVET. Furthermore, most students from various streams also show their interest in TVET. However, the majority of students are undecided about the assertions in the questionnaire due to unfamiliarity with this course. As a result, it is recommended that the government continue promoting TVET among secondary school students hence preparing them with specific skills that meet the current industrial requirement.
[Myositis caused by Pleistophora in a patient with AIDS].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The third case in the literature is reported of an infection produced by Pleistophora. The clinical detail of the three cases are discussed. Two of the patients-including the reported one-were infected by HIV. All patients suffered from myositis with fever, resting and at palpation myalgia, and progressive weakness. Blood tests showed anaemia and high levels of muscle enzymes. Necrotic muscle fibrosis induced disabling contractures. Diagnosis was obtained by detecting the protozoon in a muscle biopsy. The spores may be detectable by means of different staining methods at light microscopy although electron microscopy remains the most reliable technique. Since this is such a rare condition there is no known treatment. Whether the albendazole could be as useful as occurs in patients infected by other genera of microsporidia in still uncertain.
VQ-based written language identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Humans can recognize different types of written languages by their grammars and vocabularies. However, computers see everything as numbers. We present a computational algorithm for machine classification of written languages using the method of vector quantization. For a language document, each word is converted to a sequence of numbers and forms as a vector of numerical values according to its characters. This collection of vectors is then represented by a codebook that contains a number of template vectors for classification. The proposed method is more effective for machine learning than the n-gram based method, which has been widely used for written language identification. Experimental results of classifying a set of five closely roman-typed scripts show the promising application of the proposed method.
Experimental Evidence on Other-Regarding Preferences: Dictators Give to Help the Less Fortunate

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the typical dictator game, the majority of dictators choose to pass at least a portion of their endowment to recipients who are given no endowment. We modify the dictator game by giving the recipient an endowment. We then measure the impact of varying the recipient’s endowment on the amount passed by the dictator. As the recipient’s endowment increases, the majority of dictators decrease the amount passed and pass nothing when endowments are equalized. We conclude that in the typical dictator game most dictators pass because they care about the recipients who are given no endowments.
The unary case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter we will find necessary and sufficient conditions for a locally finite, strongly Abelian variety V to be decidable. It will turn out that for such varieties, the properties of being undecidable, hereditarily undecidable, unstructured, or ω-unstructured, all coincide. The results of Chapter 11 reduce the problem to determining those locally finite, essentially unary, k-sorted varieties (for k ≥ 1) which are decidable. For the purposes of determining the decidability of V, we may assume that V is in fact a multi-unary k-sorted variety of finite type. Thus each term in the language of V has at most one variable.
The Etiopathogenesis and Genetic Factors in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Review Article

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of heterogeneous systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle inflammation from unknown causes resulting in chronic weakness. Recent studies have shown the role of the cellular immune response affecting muscle fibers in polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis, and to a lesser extent, dermatomyositis (DM), wherein humoral immunity is more involved. The value of genetic factors of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) has also been highlighted. In studies of murine models, the presence of HLA-DR3 favors a higher risk of developing inflammatory muscle disease, including PM and juvenile DM. In recent years, few studies have provided timely information regarding this, thus the researchers initially proposed a review of existing literature to broaden the context regarding what was described and to visualize proposals that may enhance the understanding of this group of inflammatory pathologies. Methods: The design, implementation, analysis, and reporting of this study were followed according to the search with MeSH terms (Autoimmune myopathy, Inflammatory myopathies, Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies AND Major histocompatibility complex and genetics). We analyzed 12 articles for this review article. Conclusion: In the etiopathogenesis of IIM, both humoral and cellular immunity are observed, considering the presence of a trigger that causes the immune response. As for the immunogenetics, this review highlights what has been reported in Chinese and Mexican populations, where HLADRB1*09:01 is related to the presence of DM, and is observed as the first variant identified in various populations. This increases interest in this allele in the particular case to study DM and strengthens research that proposes the study of IIM independently for each nosological entity.
The Education/training Background as a Variable Related Ethical Behaviors of Child Counselors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined education and training as variables related to ethical behaviors of child counselors. The four sub-variables of this study included main educational/training background (academic career, major in last degree, and treatment modality), source of education in ethics, experience of educational psychoanalysis, and experience of supervision. The 136 child counselors participating in this study were administered the Inventory for Ethical Behaviors of Child Counselors (Yoo & Kim, 2(06). Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Cronbach's a, t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that main educational/training background (academic career, major in last degree, and treatment modality), experience of educational psychoanalysis, and experience of supervision were significant variables related to ethical behaviors of child counselors.
Formulation, Evaluation and Comparison of the Poly Herbal Anti-Diabetic Tablet with the Commercial Tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To formulate a poly herbal anti-diabetic tablet and to evaluate and compare its physicochemical properties with the marketed herbal tablets. Materials and Methods: The poly herbal anti-diabetic tablet was formulated by adding the powder of extract of Enicostemma littorale in powder of roots of Aconitum heterophyllum rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa and fruits of Piper longum in different proportions to an aqueous 5 % Starch solution and Several tests such as visual inspection, ash values, moisture content, Water soluble extractive value and Alcohol soluble extractive value, disintegration time, Uniformity of weight of tablets, Determination of hardness of tablets, Determination of friability of tablets etc and Preliminary phytochemical screening and qualitative chemical examination were performed and compare Laboratory formulated tablets with commercial tablets. Results: The study showed that Laboratory formulated poly herbal anti-diabetic tablet has good flow property and compressibility. The moisture content of laboratory formulations was found to be 4.8%. Water extractive value was found to be 28.14% W/V result shows that laboratory formulation consisted of higher amount of water soluble substances like carbohydrates. Alcohol extractive value was found to be 20.08% W/V denotes the amount of alcohol soluble constituents present in the formulation. Disintegration of tablet was found to be 3 mins results shows laboratory formulation was within the limit as it was prepared with starch paste (5%w/v) as a binding and disintegrating agent. Disintegration of tablet is not more than 30 minutes. The laboratory formulation was found to have 3 (Kg/Cm2) hardness, 0.38 % Friability and weight variation within pharmaceutical limits. However, further research and development is required to improve its quality and safety. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to formulate a completely poly herbal antidiabetic tablet. Our Laboratory formulated tablets showed comparable good results as compare to that of marketed tablets but further research and development is required to improve its overall quality.