jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment Volatility on Economic Growth in Kenya: EGARCH Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the impact foreign direct investment volatility on growth in Kenya using time series data spanning 1970 to 2011. An endogenous growth model was estimated using the ordinary least squares to determine the relationship between the FDI volatility and economic growth. Bounds testing approach was employed to show that FDI volatility retards long-run economic growth in Kenya. Results suggest that FDI has a positive effect on growth whereas FDI volatility has a negative impact on growth. Notably, trade openness is not FDI inducing, thus affecting growth negatively. However, human capital endowment has a positive impact on growth. Although the overall effect of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth is positive the volatility of capital flows may make it harder for the stable and predictable macroeconomic policies to be followed. Therefore, unstable inflows may dampen investment, hence affecting economic growth.
Tracking fish in a school using a broadband split-beam system.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Split-beam echo-sounder has been an important tool to understand fish behaviors undersea. In the split-beam system, each position of these fishes in three-dimensional space was estimated from delays of echoes and differences of delays between receive channels. To estimate the positions with high spatial resolution, the split-beam system which can emit and receive the broadband signals was constructed. However, in the case of a school of fish, it is difficult to determine accurately delay times of these fish because the echoes are overlapped with one another. To solve this problem, the new method was proposed to estimate delay times of fish by using the onset information of echoes, that is, extracting the steep temporal changes of the envelope pattern computed from the echo waveform. In a water tank experiment, it is examined that a location of a sphere can be accurately estimated by using the proposed method. In the sea, the echoes from schools of fish were measured with this system. It is examined that each location of fish in the three-dimensional space can be estimated and the numbers of fish can be counted. The tracks of the fish can be computed by changes of the fish locations along pings.
Physical Activity in Middle-aged and Young-old Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study tests the associations of self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, perceived barriers, self-regulatory behaviors and social support with physical activity. Data from 116 married community-dwelling middle-aged and young-old couples ( M = 58.86 years, SD = 7.16, range = 50 to 75) were collected via mail-in survey. The model indicated that self-efficacy was directly and indirectly related to physical activity through outcome expectancies, perceived barriers and self-regulatory behaviors. The results clarify the associations among the social cognitive constructs and physical activity, and suggest that interventions targeting multiple social cognitive constructs could increase the activity levels of middle-aged and young-old adults.
Neutrosophic Vague Soft Multiset For Decision Under Uncertainty

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The notion of classical soft multisets is extended to neutrosophic vague soft multisets by applying the theory of soft multisets to neutrosophic vague sets to be more effective and useful. We also define its basic operations, namely complement, subset, union, intersection along with illustrative examples, and study some related properties with supporting proofs. Lastly, this notion is applied to a decision making problem and its effectiveness is demonstrated using an illustrative example.
Henry Sidgwick's Practical Ethics: A Defense

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Henry Sidgwick's Practical Ethics offers a novel approach to practical moral issues. In this article, I defend Sidgwick's approach against recent objections advanced by Sissela Bok, Karen Hanson, Michael S. Pritchard, and Michael Davis. In the first section, I provide some context within which to situate Sidgwick's view. In the second, I outline the main features of Sidgwick's methodology and the powerful rationale that lies behind it. I emphasize elements of the view that help to defend it, noting some affinities it has with those of the later Rawls. In the third section, I indicate how it promises to help alleviate some difficulties facing modern practical ethics. In the fourth, I respond to Bok's objections. I argue that her own work on practical ethics has some similarities to Sidgwick's which should make them friends, not enemies. In the fifth section, I respond to Hanson, Pritchard and Davis.
Stabilization of cat paw trajectory during locomotion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We investigated which of cat limb kinematic variables during swing of regular walking and accurate stepping along a horizontal ladder are stabilized by coordinated changes of limb segment angles. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) animals stabilize the entire swing trajectory of specific kinematic variables (performance variables); and 2) the level of trajectory stabilization is similar between regular and ladder walking and 3) is higher for forelimbs compared with hindlimbs. We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to quantify the structure of variance of limb kinematics in the limb segment orientation space across steps. Two components of variance were quantified for each potential performance variable, one of which affected it (“bad variance,” variance orthogonal to the UCM, V ORT ) while the other one did not (“good variance,” variance within the UCM, V UCM ). The analysis of five candidate performance variables revealed that cats during both locomotor behaviors stabilize 1) paw vertical position during the entire swing ( V UCM > V ORT , except in mid-hindpaw swing of ladder walking) and 2) horizontal paw position in initial and terminal swing (except for the entire forepaw swing of regular walking). We also found that the limb length was typically stabilized in midswing, whereas limb orientation was not ( V UCM ≤ V ORT ) for both limbs and behaviors during entire swing. We conclude that stabilization of paw position in early and terminal swing enables accurate and stable locomotion, while stabilization of vertical paw position in midswing helps paw clearance. This study is the first to demonstrate the applicability of the UCM-based analysis to nonhuman movement.
The impact of national culture traits on the usage of web 2.0 technologies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Web 2.0 technologies are becoming popular and are being used not only for social networking but also to facilitate communication and increase knowledge sharing in the work environment. Extensive research has been conducted in the past to understand the factors affecting the adoption and use of IT systems but few have studied the influence of national culture on such adoption models. When it comes to web 2.0 usage, the literature is only emerging and the role of national culture has not been addressed. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. Design/methodology/approach In order to better understand the factors that affect the use of web 2.0 technologies and the influence of national culture on it, data were collected from 376 young adults in the age range of 18‐29 from the USA, Thailand and Bahrain. A model was developed and statistically tested to understand the influence of national culture traits, social grooming aspects, efficiency, online privacy, perceived usefulness, subjective norms and gender. Findings Based on the type of web 2.0 usage (expressive or instrumental) different variables were demonstrated to be significant predictors. For expressive usage, uncertainty avoidance, maintaining relationships, online privacy and perceived usefulness were significant. For instrumental usage, long‐term orientation and perceived usefulness were significant. A ranking of various types of web 2.0 usage was also created, showing very few differences among countries. Research limitations/implications This research is the first step in a series of research activities that should be conducted to better understand the influence of culture in the adoption and usage of web 2.0 technologies. The sample was composed only of “Millennial” generation students and should be extended to other generations and to other countries with markedly different cultural profiles. Practical implications The findings of the paper help to better understand the usage of web 2.0 technologies by young adults who are about to enter the labor market and are likely to use Enterprise 2.0 applications in their work environment. Since web 2.0 technologies are centered on the concepts of communication, collaboration and information sharing, they will influence the behavior of future knowledge workers in terms of knowledge sharing. Accordingly, better understanding of web 2.0 use will help to improve the understanding of Enterprise 2.0 and knowledge management tools usage in a global environment. Originality/value This paper's original contribution stems from the fact that the influence of national culture on the use of web 2.0 has not yet been addressed in the literature.
Mapping the distribution of bioactive compounds and aroma/flavour precursors in green coffee beans with an integrated mass spectrometry-based approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Coffee is one of the most enjoyed beverages worldwide and whilst a wide array of secondary metabolites has been qualitatively and quantitatively characterised within the coffee bean, little is known about their distribution in different bean tissues. In this work, complementary mass spectrometry (MS) based approaches were utilised to determine the spatial metabolomic content of coffee beans, focusing on highlighting those which presented a regiospecific distribution and distinguished the different endosperm regions and the embryo. Preliminary exploration of the spatial metabolome of Coffea arabica coffee beans highlighted tissue-specific molecular features through an unsupervised statistical analysis. Then, the complementary information derived from higher resolution MS approaches resulted in the annotation of 13 metabolites which showed a specific enrichment in at least one tissue, and most of these were noted to be bioactive compounds or aroma/flavour precursors. Knowledge of the tissue distribution of these compounds could shed light on their biological role in plant physiology and bean development, but could also have relevant implications for their positive impact on human health due to coffee consumption as well as their possible effect on aroma and flavour upon roasting of green coffee beans.
Motility and Psychotherapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The quality of psychomotor activity has often been described as a correlate of psychological well-being or illness. In this paper a theoretical position is described regarding the planned use of psychomotor activity as a therapeutic vehicle. Specifically, psychomotility is viewed as a tool to help bring about increased organization of thought processes in severely disorganized patients. A clinical illustration supporting the theory is presented in detail. Implications of this therapeutic approach are also discussed.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Sebagai Media Perkembangbiakan Maggot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Organic waste as a medium for maggot breeding to produce maximum compost yields. The quality and quantity of fly larvae breeding media greatly affect the nutrient content of the body and the survival of the larvae at the metamorphosis stage. This research is an experimental research model with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 1 treatment. The treatment is given using selected organic waste. Analysis of the data in this study in the form of a table of results of laboratory analysis of compost characteristics, namely pH, C-Organic, N-Total and C/N ratio and maggot weight. The results of the Soil Test Laboratory are seen in the pH with rice, fruit and vegetable media experiencing differences in pH with values of 5.15, 5.5, 5.95 and 6.4 (acidic) looks different from the initial pH, in this test the pH value shows the medium used is quite good for the composting process. Table 4.2 also shows the difference in values at the time of testing, it can be seen from the 4 variations in C-Organic that the highest value in vegetable and fruit waste media reached 13.05 %, but did not meet the quality standards for good C-Organic values. for composting. In the N-Total the highest value is in the 4th variation with a value of 26.3 with an N-Total quality standard of 30% so that from the 4 variations of the media it does not exceed the N-Total quality standard which will affect the maggot weight, in contrast to C/N which has the highest value is the 4th variation with a value of 20, with the quality standard the best value of the C/N ratio in the composting process is 25-40%, and it can be concluded that the value of the C/N ratio has not met the quality standard of the C/N ratio so that affect maggot breeding with a span of 20 days.
Advanced Aspects of Crude Oils Correlating Data of Classical Biomarkers and Mass Spectrometry Petroleomics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The complex geochemical characteristics of crude oils can provide important information on oil generation, such as the input of organic matter and their depositional environments, also supporting exploration, extraction, and production. This work reports the first organic geochemical evaluation of oils from the first commercial Brazilian onshore field (Carmópolis, Sergipe, Brazil) via both classical biomarkers and petroleomics data collected via ultrahigh-resolution and accuracy Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to characterize the oil composition in terms of n-alkane, isoprenoid, terpane, and sterane biomarkers, whereas either positive or negative electrospray ionization (ESI) and FT-ICR were used to profile the polar constituents of the oils. GC/MS revealed geochemical characteristics that classify the oil at different levels of thermal evolution and biodegradation. FT-ICR MS attributed molecular formulas to more than 3000 polar oil constituents, allowing geochemical parameters to be inferred mainly from the carbon number (Cn) and double bond equivalent (DBE) trends, along with the N and O2 classes. The Dia27(S + R)/αααC27(S + R), % C28, and % C29 parameters and S/(S + R)αααC29, αββ(S + R)/αββ + ααα(S + R)C29, and % C27 biomarkers obtained from GC/MS were responsible to indicate similarity between samples, whereas N and O2 classes provided the most distinction among the crude oil blends in terms of the level of biodegradation and thermal maturity.
Hydrolysis of Cod(Gadus morhud)By-Products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The main aim of hydrolysis of by-products is to obtain the highest possible amount of valuable components. Backbones and liver from farmed cod (Gadus morhua)were hydrolyzed and effect of different factors such as initial inactivation of endogenous enzymes, dilution prior to hydrolysis and centrifugation conditions on the yield and functional properties of the different fractions was evaluated. Samples with active endogenous enzymes gave significantly higher dry yields of emulsion, fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) and reduced dry yield of sludge. In the presence of both active endogenous and commercial enzymes, yield of dried FPH was higher than yield of dried sludge. Yield of protein containing fractions was more dependent on the initial heating of the system than on amount of added water. Centrifugation forces were important for separation of oily fractions, but not for separation of protein fractions. The oil and emulsion fractions consisted mainly of triglycer-ides, while phospholipids were found mostly in the protein containing fractions. The insoluble sludge contained a high amount of lipids (up to 30%) including a high content of phospholipids (up to 46%). Key Words: Enzymatic hydrolysiscodby-productsfunctional propertiesconcentrationcentrifugationinitial inactivation
Lips Contour Detection and Tracking Using Watershed Region-Based Active Contour Model and Modified $H_{\infty}$

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a region-based active contour model (ACM) with local information using watershed segmentation is proposed for lips contour detection. Compared to the ACM with global energy terms, the proposed system provides a more precise lips contour convergence under the circumstances where the lips are difficult to distinguish using global statistics. Furthermore, since the ACM is sensitive to the initial contour position, a modified H∞ based on Lyapunov stability theory is proposed to provide better tracking of the subsequent lips feature points as the ACM initialization. The integration of the proposed ACM and modified H∞ has revealed an improvement of the overall lips contour detection.
Economic restructuring and the debt problem: the Greek case

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Greek postwar economic development process clearly illustrates the links between the debt explosion, that many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery face at the moment, and the strategy of free-market economic restructuring. It is argued that both the balance of payments and the budget deficits, which fuelled the Greek debt explosion in the 1980s, have been heavily conditioned by structural problems that are directly related to the development strategy adopted by the Greek ruling élite. In the absence of radical structural changes, a new stop–go cyclical pattern tends to become a permanent feature of the development process: debt-led growth followed by Stabilization Programmes to secure the external debt servicing
The Effect of Different Scan Protocols on Minimizing Misregistration of Lower Extremity PET/CT Scan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2610 Objectives Lower extremity PET/CT scan is conducted in addition to 18F-FDG whole-body PET/CT scan when malignancy in a lower extremity is suspected. In general, in a lower extremity scan protocol, the scan is continued in the Scout-CT-PET order and the PET scan direction is craniocaudal, i.e. pelvis to feet. However, using this protocol, PET and CT image misregistration resulting from patient movement during the time interval between the CT and the PET scan poses some problems. The purpose of this study is to validate the effect of different scan protocols for changing the PET/CT scan order or PET scan direction to caudocranial, i.e. feet to pelvis, on image misregistration reduction. Methods Ninety-nine patients (52.95±19.04 years) who had undergone additional lower extremity PET/CT scan were referred to the study. Discovery 690, 710, and 690 Elite PET/CT scanners (GE Healthcare, USA) were used for the study. The patients were classified into three groups according to the PET/CT scan order and the PET scan direction (Group 1: Scout-CT-PET/ Craniocaudal, Group 2: Scout-CT-PET/ Caudocranial, and Group 3: Scout-PET-CT/ Craniocaudal). The maximum distances (mm) of the PET and CT image misregistration were measured from three regions, i.e. pelvis-thigh, knee-calf, and ankle-foot, and were comparatively analyzed in three groups. Results The pelvis-thigh misregistration distances in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 0.96±2.47 mm, 1.92±3.13 mm, and 1.12±2.53 mm, respectively. The knee-calf misregistration distances in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1.58±3.03 mm, 1.45±3.55 mm, and 0.76±2.13 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the pelvis-thigh and knee-calf. The ankle-foot misregistration distances in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 8.53±11.00 mm, 2.95±3.96 mm, and 1.69±4.20 mm, respectively. There were significant differences in ankle-foot misregistration distances between Group 1 and the other groups (p Conclusions PET and CT image misregistration due to patient movement during lower extremity PET/CT scan was noted prominently on the foot region. Switching the order of CT and PET scan or changing the PET scan direction to caudocranial can minimize the image misregistration and may thus be helpful for diagnosing lower extremity diseases.
Numerical and experimental evaluation of ventilation in laboratories: a case study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ventilation is a key performance requirement in laboratory design as it has to guarantee a safe and comfortable indoor environment. Current standards and guidelines on laboratory ventilation often impose high ventilation rates, increasing the energy need for ventilation, the environmental impact and the energy costs, at many large research facilities. This research focuses on the intra-zonal airflow in a standard laboratory set-up. The airflow and ventilation efficiency is computed with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and an extensive in-situ experimental case, in which different ventilation strategies are evaluated, has been conducted. The results indicate that the current design standards, which impose a minimal number of air changes per hour, cannot guarantee an optimal, energy efficient design. An optimal design starts from a comprehensive risk analysis. The CFD- simulations and experimental study show that an optimal design should not only be based on a minimal ventilation rate but also has to include an analysis of the impact of the location and type of the ventilation inlet and outlet, the room geometry and ideally the influence of occupants and laboratory appliances. Therefore, it can be concluded that a reformulation of the requirements for laboratory ventilation is appropriate, which in practice will lead to an increasing complexity of the ventilation design process. Although they require a good comprehension and implementation of correct physical properties, CFD-simulations are expected to become an interesting and even mandatory design tool for future, energy efficient laboratory ventilation.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Military and Veterans Affairs (VA) Combat-Related PTSD Programs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of 55 treatment outcomes reported by military and Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment centers for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The analysis includes 46 tested treatment outcomes derived from 21 psychotherapy studies, and nine tested treatment outcomes derived from seven pharmacotherapy studies, which were obtained through PsychINFO and PsychARTICLES database searches, as well as a reference search. Analysis of all treatment outcomes suggested a statistically significant, and meaningful, decrease in PTSD symptoms between baseline and post-treatment time points, t(54) = 9.27, p < .001, d = 0.35. Additionally, analysis of outcomes between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments resulted in statistically significant differences in PTSD assessment scores at post-test, indicating a greater degree of change for psychotherapy than for pharmacotherapy.