jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Short‐term manipulation of egg weight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Commercial pullets were fed diets containing low or high concentrations of linoleic acid during consecutive 4‐week periods. These diets were formulated either by the substitution of coconut oil or sunflower oil in proprietary formulations or by using wheat or rice pollard as major dietary feed ingredients. Results obtained from studies carried out at low and moderate temperatures in a commercial layer shed and at high temperatures in controlled‐environment rooms showed that variations in the linoleic acid concentration of layer diets can be used to manipulate the short‐term (4‐week) egg‐weight responses of commercial pullets.
Patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among European university students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background To compare patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm from a survey of university students sampled from universities in Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Switzerland. Methods A total of 2191 university students (70% female, 90% white ethnic group, age range 18–25) completed the survey. Participants completed measures of demographic variables (age, age of onset, ethnic group and sex) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), which was the primary outcome. Results Sixty-three percent of the sample scored negative for harmful drinking on the AUDIT (&lt;8), with 30% categorized as hazardous drinkers, 4% harmful drinkers and 3% with probable dependence. Analysis of variance, including demographic factors as covariates, identified a main effect of country on AUDIT scores F(5, 2086) = 70.97, P &lt; 0.001, partial eta square = 0.15. AUDIT scores were highest in England (M = 9.99; SD = 6.17) and Denmark (M = 9.52; SD = 4.86) and lowest in Portugal (M = 4.90; ° = 4.60). Post hoc tests indicated large effect size differences between scores in Denmark and England and scores in all other countries (0.79 &lt; d &lt; 0.94; all P’s &lt; 0.001). Conclusions European university students in our sample mainly reported low risk patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. However, students from Northern European countries had significantly higher AUDIT scores compared with students from Central and Southern European countries. Research is needed to replicate the present study using nationally representative samples to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorders among university students in different European countries.
Weight Loss Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant is Associated with Increased Transplant Related Mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (allo-HSCT) patients are at risk of malnutrition and weight loss from impaired oral intake resulting from gastrointestinal toxicities, dysgeusia, and psychological effects. Methods: A retrospective review of 264 adult patients transplanted at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre who achieved relapse-free survival up to 3 months after allo-HSCT was performed. Results: Overall incidence of patients who experienced WL (WL) ≥10% from HSCT to 3 months post-transplant was 45.9% and from HSCT to 6 months was 56.6%. Patients with ≥10% WL from allo-HSCT at 3-months and 6 months had similar 2-year overall survival (OS) compared to those with <10% WL, 55.7% vs. 62.8% (HR=1.38, p=0.11) and 71.1% vs. 77.2% (HR=1.37, P=0.27), respectively. Patients with ≥10% WL 3- and 6-months from allo‑HSCT also had similar 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) compared to those with <10% WL, 48.1% vs. 55.8% (HR=1.26, p=0.22), and 62.7% vs 69.8% (HR=1.29, p=0.31), respectively. The 2-year transplant-related mortality (TRM) was higher for those with ≥10% WL from allo-HSCT to 3-months, 35.4% vs. 16.9% (HR=2.39, p=0.0007) and 6 months, 22% vs. 8% (HR=3.1, p=0.0034). Although statistical significance was not observed for OS or RFS, patients who experienced ≥10% WL 3- and 6-months post allo-HSCT experienced higher 2-year TRM. These results highlight the importance of early intervention and close monitoring of weight post allo-HSCT. Conclusion: Approaches to WL post allo-HSCT should be multifaceted and include members of the interdisciplinary team in order to decrease TRM.
Studies on the Morphine * Content of Papaver somniferum L

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present paper investigates the variation of the morphine content related to the vegetation stages on Papaver somniferum L, cultivated at Brasov. The study stresses the importance of creating specific poppy cultures for morphine cultures harvested in a stage of immature capsules when the content of morphine and the morphine yield per hectare increase three times. The study also indicates that research in this field led to the creation of a new poppy variety (Safir) with superior morphine content (0.63 g/100 g shells). This variety can be used in seed production for growing cultures used in the production of morphine.
Multiwavelength Observations of GRB 181201A and Detection of Its Associated Supernova

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Multicolor photometric observations in the optical band and a comprehensive study in the X-ray, gamma-ray, and radio bands are presented for GRB 181201A and its afterglow. The optical observations began $${\sim}0.5$$ day after the burst and lasted almost continuously for $${\sim}24$$ days. They were resumed after eight months, which allowed us to determine the contribution of the host galaxy to the measured fluxes and to estimate the related extinction. Such complete coverage of the light curve became possible owing to the coordinated work of a network of nine telescopes worldwide. Convincing evidence of an incipient supernova explosion at the location of the burst source was obtained at the end of the first series of observations. Thus, GRB 181201A became yet another event that confirmed the association of gamma-ray bursts with supernovae. Thirty such events based on photometric observations of burst afterglows were known before it. A comparison of the supernova-induced excess emission in the light curve of the afterglow from GRB 181201A with other events has allowed some of the supernova parameters to be determined.
Sequence of cDNA Comprising the Human pur Gene and Sequence-Specific Single-Stranded-DNA-Binding Properties of the Encoded Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human Pur factor binds strongly to a sequence element repeated within zones of initiation of DNA replication in several eukaryotic cells. The protein binds preferentially to the purine-rich single strand of this element, PUR. We report here the cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding a protein with strong affinity for the PUR element. Analysis with a series of mutated oligonucleotides defines a minimal single-stranded DNA Pur-binding element. The expressed Pur open reading frame encodes a protein of 322 amino acids. This protein, Pur alpha, contains three repeats of a consensus motif of 23 amino acids and two repeats of a second consensus motif of 26 amino acids. Near its carboxy terminus, the protein possesses an amphipathic alpha-helix and a glutamine-rich domain. The repeat region of Pur cDNA is homologous to multiple mRNA species in each of several human cell lines and tissues. The HeLa cDNA library also includes a clone encoding a related gene, Pur beta, containing a version of the 23-amino-acid consensus motif similar, but not identical, to those in Pur alpha. Results indicate a novel type of modular protein with capacity to bind repeated elements in single-stranded DNA.
Establishment of a quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from pigs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Respiratory diseases in pigs are mostly polymicrobial, and the involved pathogens can vary from farm to farm. The impact of Pneumocystis carinii ( P. c.) f. sp. suis on respiratory disorders has not been comprehensively appraised because tests were limited to lung tissue samples and, for this reason, it was not possible to detect the fungus in living animals. In the present study, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 12 pigs and oral fluid samples from 9 pigs were tested for the presence of Pneumocystis by quantitative real-time PCR. The results from these 2 clinical specimens were compared with Pneumocystis quantities in lung tissue samples. Pneumocystis quantities in BALF correlated significantly to those in lung tissue. BALF has proved to be an adequate specimen for detection of various respiratory pathogens in pigs, and the collection procedure directly on farms is also well established. In contrast to the BALF results, all oral fluid samples were negative. Thus, specimens from the lower respiratory tract should generally be preferred for the detection of Pneumocystis. Additionally, under farm conditions, oral fluid is mainly collected in the form of collective samples per pen. In the present study, oral swab sampling of individual pigs was intended but failed in 3 of 12 pigs because they did not salivate sufficiently. As a conclusion, only BALF can be recommended as a useful tool for Pneumocystis herd monitoring in vivo.
Pirin Promotes the Progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Increasing ODC1 to Suppress Autophagy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a common malignant tumor, requires deeper pathogenesis investigation. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process that is frequently blocked during cancer progression. It is an urgent need to determine the novel autophagy-associated regulators in NSCLC. Here, we found that pirin was upregulated in NSCLC, and its expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of pirin inhibited autophagy and promoted NSCLC proliferation. We then performed data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in pirin-overexpression (OE) or pirin-knockdown (KD) cells. Among the pirin-regulated DEPs, ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) was downregulated in pirin-KD cells while upregulated along with pirin overexpression. ODC1 depletion reversed the pirin-induced autophagy inhibition and pro-proliferation effect in A549 and H460 cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that ODC1 was highly expressed in NSCLC cancer tissues and positively related with pirin. Notably, NSCLC patients with pirinhigh/ODC1high had a higher risk in terms of overall survival. In summary, we identified pirin and ODC1 as a novel cluster of prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC and highlighted the potential oncogenic role of the pirin/ODC1/autophagy axis in this cancer type. Targeting this pathway represents a possible therapeutic approach to treat NSCLC.
Integration of the global attitudes of prospective teachers in encouraging a culture of environmental conservation for sustainable development in higher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasing awareness and positive attitudes toward environmental conservation among prospective teacher students is essential to ensure that future generations understand the importance of sustainability and apply it in their daily lives and educational practices. This study aims to analyze the integration of the global attitudes of prospective teacher students toward the culture of environmental conservation in higher education and its contribution to sustainable development. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method involving prospective teacher students from Teacher Professional Education at the State University of Semarang Indonesia. Data analysis revealed that prospective teacher students at Semarang State University have a positive attitude toward environmental conservation, with high scores on the creativity and curiosity indicators. Pearson's correlation test revealed a significant positive relationship between attitudes toward environmental conservation and experiences in environmental action (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). The results of multiple regression showed that experience in environmental action (β = 0.45, p < 0.01) and supporting competencies (β = 0.30, p < 0.05) had a significant effect on global attitudes toward environmental conservation, explaining 40% of the variance in attitudes. This study provides insight into the dimensions of attitudes that shape the views of prospective teacher students toward environmental conservation and supports the use of this instrument in educational research and conservation policy.
Intercensal urban Indian female participation rates and their variations 1961-1971: a census analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Changes in Indias urban female labor force participation rates between 1961-71 at the national and state level were examined using 1961 and 1971 census data. The age categories used in the 2 censuses differed and the data were regrouped before comparisons were made. A standardization method was used to examine the effect of the age distribution of the population on the age specific participation rates. The analysis revealed that urban women were underrepresented in Indias labor force. Although 19.08% of Indias female population lived in urban areas in 1971 only 10.65% of the female labor was urban. Between 1961-71 urban female labor force participation rate for the nation declined from 11.09-8.58% a 22.63% decline. A decline was observed in all states except Uttar Pradesh which experienced a 38.02% increase in the participation rate. The declines experienced in the other states ranged from 5.19% in Gujarat to 47.06% in Bihar. Only a small proportion of the observed decline was attributable to changes in the age structure of the population. Between 1961-71 at the national level the proportion of urban female workers engaged in agricultural work increased from 22.64%-23.92% while the proportion engaged in nonagricultural work declined from 77.36%-76.01%. All but 4 of the states experienced an increase in the proportion of urban female agricultural workers and 2 states (Bihar and Orisia) experienced increases of more than 90%. The decline in the urban female participation rate and the increase in the proportion of agricultural female workers during the 1960s is attributable to the serious economic problems experienced by India during those years. The drought of 1965-67 and the wars between 1962-65 diverted money away from development projects and the industrial recession of 1966-68 reduced employment opportunities for women.
Trace Formulae of Characteristic Polynomial and Cayley–Hamilton's Theorem, and Applications to Chiral Perturbation Theory and General Relativity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By using combinatorics, we give a new proof for the recurrence relations of the characteristic polynomial coefficients, and then we obtain an explicit expression for the generic term of the coefficient sequence, which yields the trace formulae of the Cayley-Hamilton's theorem with all coefficients explicitly given, and which implies a byproduct, a complete expression for the determinant of any finite-dimensional matrix in terms of the traces of its successive powers. And we discuss some of their applications to chiral perturbation theory and general relativity.
Work Environment Characteristics as Determinants of Work to Family Conflict Among Working Females, Egypt

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract BackgroundPositive work practice environment is the corner stone for control and relieving of work to family conflict (WFC). Objectiveso determine the prevalence of work to family conflict and to study the relation between work to family conflicts and work environment characteristics among full-time female employees at Tanta University Medical Campus. MethodsA cross sectional study was carried among female employees working in the five Faculties that present at Tanta University Medical Campus. A total of 442 female workers were recruited. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including personal characteristics, work related data and home responsibilities. Job characteristics scales, work to family and family to work spillovers scales were used to study their correlation. ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 39.87 ± 10.07 years. Significant positive correlation was detected between; skills discretion and both of positive work to family and family to work spillovers (r= 0.361, r= 0.288, P=0. 0.001 respectively), similar relations were reported regarding decision authority, coworkers support and supervisors support. The negative work to family and family to work spillovers significantly increased by increasing in work demands (r= 0. 0.315, r= 0.218, P=0. 0.001 respectively). Significant and negative correlations were found between each of skills discretion & supervisors support scales and the negative impact of family to work spillover (r= -0.130; P= 0.006, r= -0.167; P= 0.001, respectively). ConclusionPositive work practices environment is a significant determinant to prevent and control work to family conflict.
A New Residual Approach for Estimating Undocumented Populations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Demographers generally agree that the total undocumented population in the United States increased from 3.5 million in 1990 to about 12 million in 2008 and declined from 2008 to 2010. The consensus breaks down after 2010, however, with three of the five organizations that derive annual estimates of the population showing increases from 2010 to 2018 and two organizations reporting substantial declines over the period. The primary reason for this divergence is that organizations use a variety of estimates of emigration of legal residents, and in some cases the data are decades out of date. Reliable information about trends in this population is important for developing legislative and administrative policies to reduce the population and for assessing the effectiveness of enforcement efforts. This research note describes an improved residual method for updating annual estimates of the undocumented population counted in the American Community Survey (ACS; Ruggles et al. 2022); the method incorporates a time-varying estimate of emigration. Data needed to update estimates are available in the year estimates are derived, and a new estimate can be compiled as soon as ACS data are released. The methodology and data needed to update an estimate of the undocumented population each year are described.
The use of the library by young people

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the reasons for the use and non-use of the public libraries in Singapore by young people. As the National Library of Singapore is concerned with the decrease in loans of materials to teenagers in the last few years, there is a need to establish possible factors for the decrease. At a time when Singapore plans to develop itself into a learning nation, drawing the young people to use the public libraries in the acquisition of knowledge and skills is necessary. A review of the literature on this subject pointed to several reasons such as the belief that it is a common trend that usage of libraries drops when children became teenagers. Data were collected through two surveys which were carried out in educational institutions, public libraries and shopping centres. From the findings the study highlighted the reasons for the teenagers use and non-use of the public libraries. The main reasons for using the library were to borrow books and to do school projects. The two major reasons for teenagers not using the library were the lack of time and the lack of motivation to use the library due to lack of interest, poor service, poor collection and no interesting activities being held by the library. Decline in use was found to be more in the nature of a change in use. It was hoped that these findings would enable the National Library of Singapore to formulate ways in attracting more young people to use the public libraries.
Assessing the relationships between image congruence, tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit in marathon tourism: the Shanghai International Marathon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between image congruence, tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit in marathon tourism. The results show that both affective image congruence (AIC) and cognitive image congruence (CIC) have a positive influence on tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit in the context of marathon tourism. The results also reveal that demographic and behavioural characteristics have a significant impact on revisiting intentions; and past experience of marathon tourism controls the relationship between image congruence and tourist satisfaction.
P2X7 Receptor-Dependent Intestinal Afferent Hypersensitivity in a Mouse Model of Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) was shown to be an important mediator of inflammation and inflammatory pain through its regulation of IL-1β processing and release. Trichinella spiralis-infected mice develop a postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity that is reminiscent of the clinical features associated with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, we used P2X7R knockout mice (P2X7R−/−) to investigate the role of P2X7R activation in the in vivo production of IL-1β and the development of postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity in the T. spiralis-infected mouse. During acute nematode infection, IL-1β–containing cells and P2X7R expression were increased in the jejunum of wild-type (WT) mice. Peritoneal and serum IL-1β levels were also increased, which was indicative of elevated IL-1β release. However, in the P2X7R−/− animals, we found that infection had no effect upon intracellular, plasma, or peritoneal IL-1β levels. Conversely, infection augmented peritoneal TNF-α levels in both WT and P2X7R−/− animals. Infection was also associated with a P2X7R-dependent increase in extracellular peritoneal lactate dehydrogenase, and it triggered immunological changes in both strains. Jejunal afferent fiber mechanosensitivity was assessed in uninfected and postinfected WT and P2X7R−/− animals. Postinfected WT animals developed an augmented afferent fiber response to mechanical stimuli; however, this did not develop in postinfected P2X7R−/− animals. Therefore, our results demonstrated that P2X7Rs play a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and are a trigger for the development of visceral hypersensitivity.
Router virtualization for improving IP-level resilience

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IP-level failure protection based on the IP Fast ReRoute/Loop-Free Alternates (LFA) specification has become industrial requirement recently. The success of LFA lies in its inherent simplicity, but this comes at the expense of letting certain failure scenarios go unprotected. Realizing full failure coverage with LFA so far has only been possible through completely reengineering the network around LFA-compliant design patterns. In this paper, we show that attaining high LFA coverage is possible without any alteration to the installed IP infrastructure, by introducing a carefully designed virtual overlay on top of the physical network that provides LFAs to otherwise unprotected routers. We study the problem of how to provision the overlay to maximize LFA coverage, we find that this problem is NPcomplete, and we give Integer Linear Programs to solve it. We also propose novel methods to work-around the limitations of current LFA implementations concerning Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs), which might be of independent interest. Our numerical evaluations suggest that router virtualization is an efficient tool for improving LFA-based resilience in real topologies.