jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In the shadow of Peter Brook: designing and redesigning A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Royal Shakespeare Company, 1970-2000

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Royal Shakespeare Company's 1970 production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, directed by Peter Brook and designed by Sally Jacobs, is the most influential production of Shakespeare in the twentieth century. Indeed its design licenced audiences, critics, academics, and practitioners to visualize the setting of the play as something more than a staid palace in Athens and a sylvan forest of actual shrubbery. Incorporating a wide range of archival material including the previously unknown full-length recording of that production, I trace how the scenography for the 1970 production has shaped institutional trends of designing Dream at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, both visually and conceptually. In the six main stage RSC productions that followed, those directors and designers all responded to the famous white-box design to varying degrees, highlighting trends within the institution. In 1989, an artistic movement in stage design began, as practitioners at the RSC, instead of avoiding the innovative box set, boldly appropriated the design and production concepts from the 1970 production. This history of designing Dream at the RSC and the critics and academics who write on this topic, have not only shaped the modern impression of Brook and Jacobs’s production, they have noticeably transformed it.
Platelet-VWF complexes are preferred substrates of ADAMTS13 under fluid shear stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endothelial cells secrete prothrombotic ultralarge von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers, and the metalloprotease ADAMTS13 cleaves them into smaller, less dangerous multimers. This reaction is stimulated by tensile force applied to the VWF substrate, which may occur on cell surfaces or in the circulating blood. The cleavage of soluble VWF by ADAMTS13 was accelerated dramatically by a combination of platelets and fluid shear stress applied in a cone-plate viscometer. Platelet-dependent cleavage of VWF was blocked by an anti-GPIbα monoclonal antibody or by a recombinant soluble fragment of GPIbα that prevents platelet-VWF binding. Multimeric gel analysis showed that shear and platelet-dependent cleavage consumed large VWF multimers. Therefore, ADAMTS13 preferentially acts on platelet-VWF complexes under fluid shear stress. This reaction is likely to account for a majority of VWF proteolysis after secretion and to determine the steady-state size distribution of circulating VWF multimers in vivo.
The influence of store image on consumers' repatronage intentions towards apparel retail store in KotaKinabalu: The role of attitude asmediator

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the store
image, consumers' attitude towards store and consumers' repatronage intentions,
in the context of apparel retail store. Results of the study found that all dimensions
of store image have significant effect on both consumers' repatronage intentions
and attitude towards store. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to test
the mediating effect of attitude towards store on the relationship between store
image and repatronage intentions. On overall, results revealed that attitude
towards store partially and fully mediate the relationship between dimensions of
store image and consumers' repatronage intentions.
Hysteretic Characteristic Curve Monitoring and Finite Element Analysis in Nondestructive Testing of Fabricated Foundation Pit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, Strain gauge monitoring and strain gauge monitoring were compared, the underground structure health monitoring system was adopted. Based on the monitoring instrument, lateral displacement and deformation of the underground prefabricated structure was mainly measured. Through the analysis on the monitoring data, the deformation was small, which is in good agreement with that of the finite element analysis of the underground fabricated structure. The hysteresis characteristic curve of the steel panel–polymer composite structure with different thickness and scale was obtained. The experimental results show that the hysteresis characteristics of the composite structure attenuated with the length-to-thickness, whilst the load-bearing capacity of the steel panel–polymer structure increased. The increase in the thickness of the polymer layer enhanced the flexibility of the composite structure and with larger length-to-height ratios, the composite structure exhibited larger cross-section area for bearing the load. Through the analysis of the underground assembled structure monitoring data, it is concluded that the thicknesses of the steel panel and the polymer layer were more suitable to be designed at about 6 and 20 mm respectively. The economics of materials were considered, and it will also provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of underground prefabricated structures.
Impact\nof the Siloxane-Terminated Side Chain on Photovoltaic\nPerformances of the Dithienylbenzodithiophene–Difluorobenzotriazole-Based\nWide Band Gap Polymer Donor in Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To thoroughly disclose\nthe role of the siloxane-terminated side\nchain with different substituent positions, three difluorobenzotriazole–dithienylbenzodithiophene\n(FTAZ–BDTT)-based polymers PBZ-1Si, PBZ-2Si, and PBZ-3Si with\nthe siloxane-terminated side chain on the FTAZ unit (PBZ-1Si), on\nthe BDTT unit (PBZ-2Si), and both on BDTT and FTAZ units (PBZ-3Si),\nrespectively, were synthesized. The different side chain substitutions\nhave slight influences on absorption behavior, thermal stability,\nand frontier molecular orbitals but have shown a great effect on the\naggregation of the polymers. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering\nmeasurements reveal that, relative to PBZ-1Si with branched alkyl\non the BDTT unit, polymers PBZ-2Si and PBZ-3Si, bearing the siloxane-terminated\nside chains on the BDTT unit, exhibit smaller π–π\nstacking distances and larger crystal coherence lengths, suggesting\nthat adopting the siloxane-terminated side chain on the BDTT unit\ncan promote the interchain π–π interaction and\nthe ordering of molecular packing. With IT-M as the non-fullerene\nacceptor, among the three polymers, the PBZ-2Si-based active layer\npossesses the highest ordered crystals for both polymers and IT-M\nas well as the purest domain, which affords efficient exciton dissociation,\nthe most balanced hole–electron transport, and reduced recombination,\nleading to the highest short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>sc</sub>) and fill factor (FF) and then the highest power conversion\nefficiency (PCE) of 11.14%. In contrast, PBZ-1Si- and PBZ-3Si-based\ndevices show lower PCEs of 8.98 and 9.92%, respectively. Moreover,\nPBZ-2Si:IT-M also exhibits good thickness tolerance, and its thick\nactive layer of 240 nm shows the most limited decrease of efficiency\nafter 77 days of storage, supplying good potential for mass fabrication.\nOur work suggests that the fine pairing of a siloxane-terminated side\nchain and an alkyl side chain is beneficial for the optimizing of\na conjugated polymer donor toward high-performance non-fullerene polymer\nsolar cells.
VISTA Region Viewer (RViewer)—a computational system for prioritizing genomic intervals for biomedical studies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: Current genome browsers are designed for linear browsing of individual genomic regions, but the high-throughput nature of experiments aiming to elucidate the genetic component of human disease makes it very important to develop user-friendly tools for comparing several genomic regions in parallel and prioritizing them based on their functional content. We introduce VISTA Region Viewer (RViewer), an interactive online tool that allows for efficient screening and prioritization of regions of the human genome for follow-up studies. The tool takes as input genetic variation data from different biomedical studies, determines a number of various functional parameters for both coding and non-coding sequences in each region and allows for sorting and searching the results of the analysis in multiple ways. Availability and implementation: The tool is implemented as a web application and is freely accessible on the Web at http://rviewer.lbl.gov Contact: rviewer@lbl.gov; ildubchak@lbl.gov
Stimulation by 6-N,2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate and glucocorticoids of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the isolated perfused rat liver (Short Communication)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in perfused livers of rats, fed on a low-protein diet, linearly over a 6h period. The enzyme activity was also significantly elevated by dexamethasone, the effect being considerably lower than that of the cyclic nucleotide. Since the time-course of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP resembled that observed after dibutyryl cyclic AMP injection into intact animals, it is suggested that induction of the enzyme in vivo is due to a direct action of the cyclic nucleotide on the liver. Combined administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and glucocorticoids did not lead to an additive increase of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, either in vivo or in the perfused organ.
Prediction of clamping pressure in a Johnsen-Rahbek-type electrostatic chuck based on circuit simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose nonlinear resistance models for bulk resistance of a dielectric layer and contact resistance between a wafer and the dielectric layer used in an equivalent circuit model to predict the clamping or residual clamping pressure in Johnsen-Rahbek-type [A. Johnsen and K. Rahbek, J. Inst. Electr. Eng. 61, 713 (1923)] electrostatic chucks. It is found that the bulk resistance is presumed by a model on the basis of the space-charge-limited current model in insulator. It is also found that the contact resistance is expressed by a superposition of Ohmic resistance in the low-field strength region and a resistance on the basis of field emissions in the high-field strength region. In addition, the gap capacitance is determined based on the probability function of asperity height obtained from a surface roughness profile. The clamping pressure is simulated by calculating a charge stored in the gap, combined with the probability function with circuit simulation. Consequently, the calculation agrees with the measurement within 31% difference. It is also found that the calculation can reproduce the dependency of bulk resistance on the clamping pressure and the time response in residual clamping pressure.
Distortion of surfaces in 3‐manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $g \\colon S \\looparrowright N$ be a properly immersed $\\pi_1$--injective\nsurface in a non-geometric $3$--manifold $N$. We compute the distortion of\n$\\pi_1(S)$ in $\\pi_1(N)$ and show that how it is related to separability of\n$\\pi_1(S)$ in $\\pi_1(N)$. The only possibility of the distortion is linear,\nquadratic, exponential, and double exponential.\n
Thyroid Function Test (TSH, T3, T4) and Associated Factors in Early Gestation Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC Clinic in Nekemte Referral Hospital Western Oromia, Ethiopia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction : Thyroid function testing in pregnancy is an area of concern for pregnant women, doctors and laboratories. Some women are known to have thyroid disease before pregnancy and require monitoring to ensure no harm comes to them or their baby. Thyroid disorders can have adverse reproductive and pregnancy implications. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess blood level of thyroid function test during early gestation and assess associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Nekemte Referral Hospital. Methods : Facility-based Cross-sectional study design was deployed to collect information from 300 Pregnant women (<20 gestation weeks) attending antenatal clinic from March to May, 2017. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain information and blood samples were collected from pregnant women for estimation of thyroid function test after getting written consent. Data was entered to Epi info version 3.5.3, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Multivariable analysis were used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Significance was declared at P -value 0.05. Result: A total of 300 pregnant women were interviewed and blood sample collected from them for thyroid function test with a response rate of 90.1%. Among the study subjects 14(4.7%) have Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH). Husband occupation, presence of Radio in the household, presence of television in their house and treating drinking water at household level were among factors associated with development of Hypothyroidism. Conclusion and Recommendation : In this study, Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) among pregnant women in early gestation is significant 14(4.7%) above the expected 2.5% of American thyroid association cut point. Husband occupation, Presence of media for information and treatment of drinking water were the associated factors. So, health workers should always update pregnant women on importance of consuming proper utilization of iodized salt. Health workers shall also teach pregnant women on personal and environmental hygiene.
Impact of lifetime opioid exposure on arterial stiffness and vascular age: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in men and women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To characterise and compare the potentiation of arterial stiffness and vascular ageing by opioids in men and women. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of 576 clinical controls and 687 opioid-dependent patients (ODP) on 710 and 1305 occasions, respectively, over a total of 2382 days (6.52 years), 2006–2011. Methodology Radial pulse wave analysis with Atcor SphygmoCor system (Sydney). Setting Primary care. Participants Controls : General practice patients with non-cardiovascular disorders, and university student controls. ODP : Patients undergoing clinical management of their opioid dependence. Controls had lower chronological ages (CAs) than ODP (30.0±0.5 vs 34.5±0.3, mean±SEM, p<0.0001). 69.6% and 67.7% participants were men, and 16% and 92.3% were smokers (p<0.0001) for controls and ODP, respectively. 86.3%, 10.3% and 3.4% of ODP were treated with buprenorphine (6.98±0.21 mg), methadone (63.04±4.01 mg) or implant naltrexone, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was depressed in ODP. Interventions Nil. Primary outcome measures Vascular Reference Age (RA) and the ratio of vascular age to chronological age (RA/CA). Secondary outcome measures Arterial stiffness including Augmentation Index. Results After BMI adjustment, RA in ODP was higher as a function of CA and of time (both p<0.05). Modelled mean RA in control and ODP was 35.6 and 36.3 years (+1.97%) in men, and 34.5 and 39.2 years (+13.43%) in women, respectively. Changes in RA and major arterial stiffness indices were worse in women both as a factor (p = 0.0036) and in interaction with CA (p = 0.0040). Quadratic, cubic and quartic functions of opioid exposure duration outperformed linear models with RA/CA over CA and over time. The opioid dose–response relationship persisted longitudinally after multiple adjustments from p=0.0013 in men and p=0.0073 in women. Conclusions Data show that lifetime opioid exposure, an interactive cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in women, is related to linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic functions of treatment duration and is consistent with other literature of accelerated ageing in patients with OD.
DNA reassociation and electrokaryotype study of some Candida species and synonymy of Candida terebra, Candida entomaea, and Candida veronae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Some Candida species that were similar in phenotypic characteristics were studied by molecular taxonomic comparisons including electrophoretic karyotypes, DNA base composition, and DNA relatedness. Among the species studied, Candida terebra, Candida entomaea, and Candida veronae showed similar electrophoretic karyotypes and a G + C range from 39.7 to 40.2 mol% in DNA base composition, and demonstrated 85–104% DNA similarity on the basis of flourometric hybridization in microdilution wells. As C. terebra has priority, we suggest that C. entomaea and C. veronae should be synonyms of C. terebra. Other species in this study, Candida dendronema, Candida diddensiae, Candida naeodendra, and Candida atmospherica, had low DNA relatedness. Thus, these species should be maintained in their original separate taxa.Key words: DNA reassociation, electrokaryotype, Candida species, synonym.
Výsledky malakologického inventarizačního průzkumu PR Lazurový vrch (Slavkovský les, západní Čechy) [The results of the malacological survey of the Lazurový Vrch National Reserve (Slavkovský Les Mts., West Bohemia)]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Altogether 37 species of terrestrial gastropods were found during the survey of the Lazurový Vrch National Reserve in the Slavkovský Les Mts. in 2008. Two species published in 1950 from this site were not veriﬁed: Pupilla muscorum and Causa holosericea. The reserve under study is covered by spruce and broadleaf forests; so almost 65% of recorded species belong among strictly or predominantly forest species. Only ﬁve species are included in the Red List of the Czech molluscs. Two species are very interesting from ecological and faunal point of view. Vulnerable species Vertigo alpestris is remarkable because of its isolated occurrence in this region. Endangered species Clausilia bidentata occurs in northern and western Bohemia only. The Slavkovský Les Mts. (together with the northernmost part of the Český Les Mts.) represents very compact area of distribution of the species in the Czech Republic. The ﬁnd from the Lazurový Vrch Reserve represents the new locality for C. bidentata. Interesting observation from the reserve was the occurrence of C. bidentata on relatively rare Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior trees only. No specimens were found on much commoner Acer platanoides and Tilia cordata trees.
[Required laboratory examination and blood transfusion therapy in massive hemorrhage during surgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Massive hemorrhage during surgery often results from diluted coagulopathy due to loss of coagulation factors (e.g., fibrinogen), especially in cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm and liver transplantation. The most important issue in preventing massive hemorrhage during surgery is transfusion therapy for hemostasis. When massive hemorrhage occurred in cases of the above surgery, we measured the fibrinogen level in plasma, and administered cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate to the patient when the fibrinogen level was below 150 mg/dL. The hemostatic efficacy of this treatment was evaluated by counting volume of blood loss and number of transfusion units in comparison with cases of conventional treatment with fresh frozen plasma. We observed a rapid increase in plasma fibrinogen level and subsequent improvement in hemostasis after cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate was administered. The average blood loss decreased by 30% and the average number of transfusion units was reduced about 30 to 60% when those agents were given to patients with severe hypofibrinogenemia during surgery. The number of cases of early death due to massive hemorrhage during surgery decreased by 75% when cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate was used. Thus, in patients showing hypofibrinogenemia (i.e., <150 mg/dL) during surgery, administration of cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate should be effective in establishing hemostatsis, and therefore in reducing blood loss and number of transfusion units. This treatment should help to improve the prognosis of patients in surgery, and also to decrease the use of blood products.
Experimental and Simulation Study on the Direct Contact Condensation of Saturated Steam on Moving Droplets at Sub-Atmospheric Pressure

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The recovery of low-temperature steam is of great significance to the effective utilization of energy. Direct contact condensation (DCC) technology is an effective heat recovery method with a low initial investment. An evaluation of the direct contact condensation heat transfer technology of water droplets and low-temperature saturated steam (at an absolute pressure of 7.3–19.9 kPa) was performed using both experimental and computational approaches. In the experiment, an experimental device based on the weighing method was set up, and the direct contact heat transfer process between droplets with a normalized diameter of less than 21.7 and saturated pure steam at 40–60 °C was experimentally investigated. The transient condensation efficiency and heat transfer coefficient were calculated by the real-time mass variation. The rapid condensation stage was classified to discuss the effects of initial droplet diameter, pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate on the heat transfer process. A two-dimensional model was developed using computational fluid dynamics techniques and verified by experimental results. The results indicated that when the normalized diameter of the droplet is less than two, 1.6 is the optimal value for DCC. For droplets with a normalized diameter greater than two, the optimal droplet temperature and mass flow rate are 15 °C and 10 g/s, respectively.
Peran Perpajakan dalam Perekonomian Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistem Perpajakan di Indonesia dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Taxation is one of the most important fiscal policy instruments, serving as the main source of state revenue and a tool for regulating the distribution of wealth. Taxation acts as the foundation of the economy in Indonesia and significantly influences its growth trajectory. Taxes are an obligation in social life where every level of society must contribute to paying contributions to the state in accordance with the applicable Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. By analyzing applicable tax policies, this research evaluates the effectiveness of the Indonesian tax system in achieving economic development goals, including the structure and types of taxes in Indonesia, and challenges in implementing the tax system. Apart from that, this study also identifies the impact of taxation on economic growth.
FDA warns Bayer about illegally marketing two over the counter products containing aspirin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The German drug giant Bayer has been sent warning letters by the US Food and Drug Administration for illegally marketing and “misbranding” two of its products.

Bayer Women’s Low Dose Aspirin with Calcium and Bayer Aspirin with Heart Advantage contain aspirin with either calcium or phytosterols in single tablets. They are sold over the counter and labelled as helping to reduce the risk of heart disease and “fight” osteoporosis, but neither product has been approved by the FDA for these uses in the United States. The only approval they have is for use as an analgesic.

Because both products are …