jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seven nurse abdominal assessment signs should know

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The emergency nurse performs abdominal assessments on a daily basis. These emergent assessments may reveal signs suggestive of a specific disease or condition that can support a diagnosis. The abdominal assessment signs discussed in this article are not conclusive in themselves but are suggestive of a specific diagnosis. Nevertheless, the quick evaluation of any of these signs through the use of astute nursing assessment skills will guide further testing, assessments, and ultimately, interventions. The conditions identified in this article cover a majority of medical conditions associated with abdominal disorders. Cullen's sign and Grey-Turner's sign in hemorrhagic pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis frequently occurs as a result of alcoholism in men, or gallbladder disease in women) Gallstones block the main secretory duct of the pancreas causing reflux of the enzymes in the ducts and acini of the pancreas. Alcohol consumption has been closely associated with pancreatitis; alcohol may cause either inflammation in the pancreas or an increase in protein precipitation, leading to obstruction of the ducts. 2 These proteolytic enzymes rapidly autodigest large portions of the pancreas itself) Cullen's sign is an irregular, blue-tinged hemorrhagic patch around the umbilicus (Figure 1). The discolored skin is blue-black initially but later becomes green-brown or yellow, making it more difficult to assess in dark-skinned patients. 3 The sign appears I to 2 days after the onset of anorexia and ~he severe, poorly localized abdominal pains that-aSe-¢haract eristic of acute pancreatitis. 4 Cullen's signf~:~lso indicative of hemoperitoneum, which is present in ruptured, intraabdominai ectopic pregnancy. 5 The second sign associated with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, Grey-Turner's sign, is a bluish discoloration of the lower abdominal flanks and lower
Co-expression of HSV-1 gD gene and interleukin-2 gene in dendritic cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid IRES-gD-IL-2 which contains both HSV-1 glycoprotein D(gD)gene and IL-2 gene and to induce it to express in antigen presenting cell(APC)——dendritic cells(DCs).Methods The whole sequence of gD and IL-2 were amplified by PCR assay.After confirmation by PCR,double-enzyme digestion and sequencing,these genes were directly cloned into eukaryotic expression vector IRES,then were transfected into DCs.Western blotting was employed to identify the transcription and expression of gD gene.Results The results of PCR and enzyme digestion showed that the recombinant expression plasmid contained correct fragments,and the transcription and expression of gD were confirmed by Western blotting.Conclusion The recombinant expression vector IRES-gD-IL-2 was constructed,the results of the Western blotting showed that the recombinant protein could be identified by gD-specific antibody,therefore the protein has immunologic competence.
SHARPIN as a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) in multiple cellular signaling pathways

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SHARPIN is a newly identified component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) demonstrating critical roles in multiple cellular signaling and physiological events.Recent biomedical studies have revealed that SHARPIN plays important roles in IL-1 and/or TNF-αinduced activation of NFκB pathway,apoptosis and β1-integrin signaling.Loss of function of SHARPIN leads to multi-organ defects characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and dysregulation of immune system.Expression of SHARPIN was upregnlated also in tumors of different tissue origin,which implicated oncogene features.Herein we briefly introduced the gene structure,biological function and network,and animal models of disease related to SHARPIN.

Key words:
SHARPIN; NFκB; LUBAC; Apoptosis; β-integrin; Tumor
Patterns of Inequality in Higher Education: The Case of Students Field Choice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an expanding higher education system that focuses on access, understanding the dynamics of the inequality in the effort to provide educational opportunity to the majority is central. The main objective of this study is to investigate the pattern of field choice and the factors that influence students’ field choice in two purposefully selected colleges. A total of 125 first year students, 45 from Law school in College of Law and Governance and 80 from Language departments (one foreign and one local language department) in College of Humanities, Language Studies, Journalism and Communication (CHLJC) participated in the study. The result indicated that students in Law school have better socioeconomic status and achievement than the students in the language departments. Similarly students in law school seem to consider practical factors while students in the CHLJC consider interpersonal factors as most influential in their field choice. The existing differences in the students’ background and the factors they considered in their field choice process are found to be a continuation of prior inequalities and further perpetuate inequality in the higher education system in Ethiopia. Keywords: higher education, field choice, inequality DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-10-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2022
Persecution and Development: The History of the Baha’i Community of Māhfurūzak in Mazandaran, Iran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Baha’i Faith was introduced to the village of Mahfuruzak (near Sari in Mazandaran, Iran) when the village chief invited his nephew Mulla `Ali Jan to come to be the religious leader of the village in about 1871. Mulla `Ali Jan had already become a Baha’i while studying and now gradually started to spread the new religion among the people of the village. Eventually the whole village became Baha’is as did many from surrounding villages. Mulla `Ali and his wife `Alaviyyih Khanum also began the social and economic development of the village. The progress made attracted the enmity of the Muslim clerics of the area who sent false reports to the government, resulting in an attack on the village and the arrest and execution of Mulla `Ali Jan. Despite this, `Alaviyyih Khanum continued the development of the village as well as travelling to spread the Baha’i Faith. The traditional school that had been set up in the village was transformed into a modern school. Persecution of the Baha’i community resumed during and after the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
Population Growth Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice Yangliangyou 6 with Different Transplanting Densities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The group growth and development characteristics of super rice,Yangliangyou 6,was studied under different planting densities with Shanyou 63 as a control.Chlorophyll content was evaluated with SPAD determinator,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were surveyed with CID porosity apparatus,and yield traits,dry matter,and basic agronomic traits were measured by conventional methods.The tillering capability of Yangliangyou 6 was medium to low.Before booting,Yangliangyou 6 showed rising in leaf area index as the transplanting density was increased.However,leaf area index stayed stable when the transplanting density reached 3.00 ×105 holes in 1 hm2.After heading,the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Yangliangyou 6 declined,the slowest declining speeds at the transplanting density of 3.00 ×105 holes in 1 hm2.The transportation of photosythetic product to the seed enhanced,with the highest transportation at the transplanting density of 3.00 ×105 holes in 1 hm2.In different planting density trials,Yangliangyou 6 presented the largest number of total spikelets,the highest seed setting rate,stable 1 000-grain weight and highest yield level under 3.00 ×105 holes in 1 hm2 condition.The results indicates that an appropriate transplanting density is effective to improve yield potential for Yangliangyou 6.
RANKING: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. Fair Market Rent: 2-Bedroom Unit | State: Alabama, 2004. Data Planet™ Statistical Datasets: A SAGE Publishing Resource Dataset-ID: 009-001-003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

datasets.shared.infosheet.CitationMgr@476 Dataset: Fair market rent for a two bedroom rental unit. Fair Market Rents (FMRs) are primarily used to determine payment standards and rental amounts for various HUD programs. FMRs are gross rent estimates. They include the shelter rent plus the cost of all tenant-paid utilities, except telephones, cable or satellite television service, and internet service. In most cases, FMR estimates are calculated for two-bedroom units. This is the most common size of rental units, and, therefore, the most reliable to survey and analyze. After each Decennial Census, rent relationships between two-bedroom units and other unit sizes are calculated and used to set FMRs for other units. The level at which FMRs are set is expressed as a percentile point within the rent distribution of standard-quality rental housing units. The current definition used is the 40th percentile rent, the dollar amount below which 40 percent of the standard-quality rental housing units are rented. The 40th percentile rent is drawn from the distribution of rents of all units occupied by recent movers (renter households who moved to their present residence within the past 15 months). HUD is required to ensure that FMRs exclude non-market rental housing in their computation. Therefore, HUD excludes all units falling below a specified rent level determined from public housing rents in HUD's program databases as likely to be either assisted housing or otherwise at a below-market rent, and units less than two years old. HUD uses the most accurate and current data available to develop the FMR estimates. Three sources of survey data are used: (1) The Decennial Census; (2) the American Community Surveys; and (3) Random digit dialing (RDD) telephone surveys. Data are reported by Fiscal Year, with FY 2017 covering the period July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017. http://www.huduser.org/datasets/fmr.html Category: Housing and Construction, Prices, Consumption, and Cost of Living Subject: Housing Type, Rents, Markets, Rental Housing Source: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is the principal federal agency responsible for programs concerned with the Nation's housing needs, fair housing opportunities, and improvement and development of the nation's communities. HUD's mission is to increase homeownership, support community development and increase access to affordable housing free from discrimination. http://www.hud.gov/
Hoarding for stormy days—Test of international reserves adjustment providing financial buffer stock services

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper outlines a tractable cost‐benefit analysis of the buffer stock financial services provided by international reserves (IR) and applies it to eight of the largest Emerging Markets (BRICS, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey) during 2000–2019. The efficient management of IR generates sizable benefits for countries characterized by hard‐currency external debt. These benefits increase with the volatility of the real exchange rates and sovereign spreads. While the first‐best policy calls for prudential regulations, counter‐cyclical management of hoarding reserves in good times and selling them in bad times provides buffers stock financial services adding up to about 3% of the gross domestic product during our sample period.
Cytologic findings in signet-ring adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Signet-ring adenocarcinoma of the large bowel is an uncommon tumor with distinctive gross anatomic, radiologic and histologic features. A case in a 34-year-old man is presented. Because of the unusual appearance of the bowel at colonoscopy, diagnostic cytologic smears were taken. The patient subsequently underwent resection of this tumor but died within 20 months of metastatic disease. The histologic and cytologic features are described; the cytologic findings do not appear to have been previously reported.
Incidence and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum of Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Predisposition to urinary tract infections (UTIs) in diabetes mellitus results from several factors. Susceptibility increases with longer duration and greater severity of diabetes. The continuous emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents among the prevalent pathogens is the most dangerous threat for the treatment of infectious disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The production of ß-lactamases is the major mechanism of bacterial resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics which considered the most widely used class of antibiotic. Hence it is necessary to know the prevalence of ESBL so as to formulate a policy of empirical therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus of the study was to characterization of ESBL genes in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from urinary tract infection among type 2 diabetic patients. A prospective study was carried out on 1560 diabetic patients with urinary tract infection during the period of July 2011 to June 2015. 277 Gram negative bacterial were isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar plates with commercially available discs by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. 90 E.coli isolates and 64 K.pneumoniae were tested for ESBL production and PCR was performed using 5 sets of previous published primers to amplify type-specific ESBL genes, including CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-9, TEM and SHV 46.7% of E.coli and 59.4% of K.pneumoniae were ESBL producers. Of the 42 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 38 (90.5%) were positive for ESBL genes and 47.4 % of the E.coli isolates had at least 2 ESBL genes. and CTX-M-9 was seen in 7 (18.4%) isolates. Among K. pneumoniae, 32 (84.2%) of the 38 isolates were positive for ESBL genes and The number of ESBL- producing K. pneumoniae with TEM was in 6 (15.8%) isolates. This study highlights the high prevalence of ESBL production among E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the urinary tract infection among type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, genotyping of ESBL is need of the hour for monitoring the significant ESBLs that can lead to treatment catastrophe in diabetic patients.
Optical properties and concentration dependence of the luminescence of Pr3+ion in fluoroindate glass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Optical absorption and emission spectra are presented for Pr 3+ and Pr 3+ + Cr 3+ ions in fluoroindate glass. Also, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements are carried out in order to characterize investigated materials. The measured oscillator strengths and radiative rates for several transitions of the Pr 3+ ion are compared with calculated values. Radiative transition rates for the excited states are determined by using the Judd–Ofelt theory. Energy transfer effects account for the non‐radiative transitions. Although the Judd–Ofelt analysis does not yield the same excellent consistency for Pr 3+ as for Nd 3+ and Er 3+ , the experimental observations are consistent with Judd–Ofelt calculations. The linear concentration quenching and exponential decay times of the 1 D 2 level are explained assuming cross‐relaxation and energy transfer between the Pr 3+ ions. Energy level diagrams of Cr 3+ and Pr 3+ reveal that the 1 G 4 level of Pr 3+ lies close in energy to the 4 T 2 fluorescent level of Cr 3+ , and hence will expect a portion of excitation energy from Cr 3+ . Unfortunately, the mismatch in energy of this Pr 3+ level with the 4 T 2 level of Cr 3+ (∼3000 cm –1 ) cannot be compensated for by the phonons of the host, having an energy of about 500 cm –1 .
Prisoner Politics and Organization on Robben Island

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Now what does it mean when we refer to Robben Island as a site of struggle? I think quite simply that there were three main areas of contestation on Robben Island. The first one was the attempt on our part to survive physically, intellectually and politically. Survival is the first leit motif. The second was the whole issue of education, culture and recreation; and the third was what I would call planning or preparation for the future. Perhaps one should even go beyond that and talk about nation building and the preparation for life in a post-apartheid liberated South Africa.
Shell midden people in northern Iberia. New data from the mesolithic rock shelter of J3 (Basque Country, Spain)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

[EN]In the course of a sondage dug in the rock shelter of J3, in the Jaizkibel mountains (at the north-western tip of Guipúzcoa), the body of a adult man was located buried inside a shell midden. This shell midden had not been disturbed and presented internal stratigraphy features. In any case, the outer edge of the shell midden does show some interesting interdigitation with the adjacent habitational layers, with evidence of different stages of occupation. Within the shell midden itself, under the individual buried there, it was possible to observe layers without any ceramics, whereas the layers covering said individual included ceramic fragments. This individual has been dated to 8,300 BP and therefore corresponds to a Mesolithic context.
AMINO ACID IN JUNK FOOD

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study investigates the presence and impact of amino acids in junk food, focusing on their nutritional composition and health implications. Amino acids are essential building blocks of proteins, yet their abundance and quality in junk food may vary significantly. Analyzing popular junk food items reveals diverse amino acid profiles, often characterized by imbalances and deficiencies. Moreover, excessive consumption of junk food high in certain amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, may contribute to adverse health effects, including metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Strategies for mitigating amino acid-related health risks associated with junk food consumption are discussed, highlighting the importance of dietary awareness and balanced nutrition.
Prioritizing Cleft/Craniofacial Surgical Care after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: It is anticipated that in due course the burden of emergency care due to COVID-19 infected patients will reduce sufficiently to permit elective surgical procedures to recommence. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgery in the already overloaded medical system will then become an issue. The European Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association, together with the European Cleft and Craniofacial Initiative for Equality in Care, performed a brief survey to capture a current snapshot during a rapidly evolving pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 2242 participants who attended 1 of 3 recent international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Results: The respondents indicated that children with Robin sequence who were not responding to nonsurgical options should be treated as emergency cases. Over 70% of the respondents indicated that palate repair should be performed before the age of 15 months, an additional 22% stating the same be performed by 18 months. Placement of middle ear tubes, primary cleft lip surgery, alveolar bone grafting, and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery also need prioritization. Children with craniofacial conditions such as craniosynostosis and increased intracranial pressure need immediate care, whilst children with craniosynostosis and associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or proptosis need surgical care within 3 months of the typical timing. Craniosynostosis without signs of increased intracranial pressure needs correction before the age of 18 months. Conclusions: This survey indicates several areas of cleft and craniofacial conditions that need prioritization, but also certain areas where intervention is less urgent. We acknowledge that there will be differences in the post COVID-19 response according to circumstances and policies in individual countries.
[Combination of etoposide, cisplatin and ifosfamide (VPH) in the salvage chemotherapy of relapsing or refractory aggressive malignant lymphoma. Study of 51 patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty-one patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma refractory or relapsing after CHOP-like regimen, underwent a salvage chemotherapy by VPH: etoposide 100 mg/m2/d, D1 to D3, cisplatin 20 mg/m2/d, D1 to D5, ifosfamide 1 g/m2/d D1 to D5, mesna 1.2 g/m2/d D1 to D5, every 4 weeks. Among 46 evaluable patients for efficacy, 21 (45.6%) achieved complete or partial response according to WHO criteria and 25 (54.3%) failed, while five cases (9.8% of all patients) were not evaluable (two initial complete remission before VPH, two early toxic deaths and one confusional syndrome). Thirty-five patients (68.6%) died of lymphoma, three (5.8%) of acute toxicity and 13 (25.5%) are alive: five in complete remission. The toxicity is mainly myelo-suppression, digestive and renal but could be managed as usually. Although the follow-up is short, this regimen appears effective in these circumstances after CHOP failure but it should be used early, before overt chemoresistance. It does not hinder a bone marrow transplantation programme.
The Police Conception of North Africans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract When North African migrants became a durable presence in Paris after World War I, the Parisian municipal authorities noted the discrepancy between the surveillance regime that existed in the colonies and the relative freedom accorded to them in the imperial capital. Taking into account the continuity of a centuries-long police concern with foreigners in Paris, the chapter argues that the colonial migrant represented a new kind of stranger for city officials. The ideological origins of the stereotype of the “North African” who was often interchangeable with the “Arab” and the “Muslim” are traced to the early nineteenth-century French violent colonial encounter in Algeria. Ideas and practices emanating from colonial administrative services in Algeria, Indochina, and Madagascar, as well as colonial ethnographic and medical knowledge, all contributed to the police conception of North Africans that is reflected in the reports and memoranda of the Parisian police from the 1920s to the 1950s. The outcome of this conception was that police surveillance emerged as the preferred state practice in the management of difference in Paris.