jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Innovative Approaches to Remote Health Monitoring Systems for Enhanced Patient Care and Accessibility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Real-time remote patient monitoring, enabled by the integration of biosensors and multi-hop Internet of Things (IoT) networks, marks a transformative shift in modern healthcare. Biosensors placed throughout healthcare environments transmit vital data via interconnected microcontrollers to centralized servers using secure cloud infrastructure. Emphasizing systems developed for elderly care, this study categorizes key architectures, examines deployment challenges, and identifies opportunities for further innovation. Remote health monitoring solutions enhance continuous care, support independent living, and ensure rapid medical response through real-time access to patient data. By leveraging IoT and cloud connectivity, these systems promise to overcome traditional care limitations and elevate healthcare accessibility and quality.
Comparative analysis of surgical treatment of patients with locally advanced tumors right anatomical segment of pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radical resection of pancreas during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a favorable effect on the patient’s survival rate and disease prognosis. Performance of PV/SMV resection during pancreatoduodenectomy is a routine procedure in leading pancreatology centers, increasing the possibility of R0 resections. Purpose of the study. Is to evaluate the criteria for the diagnosis of vascular invasion at the preoperative stage, to increase the proportion of R0 resections.The study included 73 patients with locally advanced tumors of the pancreatic head operated on in the pancreatic surgery department from 2019 to 2022. The range of operations included: Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy, pyloruspreserving pancreatoduodenectomy, and total pancreatoduodenectomy.The presence or suspicion of vascular invasion, the size, and the stage of the tumor at the preoperative stage were diagnosed according to the data of MSCT, MRI, ultrasonography, and endosonography. Histological examination was carried out according to the recommendations of the College of American Pathologist 2020. The first group 44 of patients who were made pancreatoduodenectomy with resection of PV/SMV, and the second group 29 patients without vascular resection. In the second group, a positive venous (smv) resection margin, R1 resection, had all patients according to the planned histological examination.During the preoperative examination, vascular invasion was suspected in 68,2% of patients in the first group, and 58.6% in the second, 58,6%, (x2 = 0,696; p = 0,403). According to histological examination, damage to the vascular wall was confirmed in 81,8% of cases among the first group of patients.A comparative assessment of the indicators of the two groups indicates that there is no significant difference in tumor size (t = 1,38; p = 0,085), localization, intraoperative data (operation time) (t = 1,19; p = 0,117), the number of postoperative complications (x2 = 0,027; p = 0,869), and the histological type of the tumor. Only intraoperative blood loss had statistical significant. Conclusions. The nowaday preoperative examination protocol allows diagnosing vascular or suspicion of it with sufficient probability and planning adequate surgical intervention. Performing a resection of PV/SMV during pancreaticoduodenectomy with pre- or intraoperative suspicion of vascular invasion allows to increase the number of R0 resections and improve the prognosis of the disease.
FAM, a deubiquitinating enzyme essential for TGFbeta signaling controls Smad4 monoubiquitination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

How growth factors can direct cell behavior depending on strength and duration of the signal remains a central unanswered question in cell and developmental biology. TGFb serves as paradigm example, as this pathway induces distinct cell fates depending on the levels of nuclear complexes formed by Smad4 with receptor phosphorylated RSmads. To serve reliably as quantitative signal, the assembly of the Smad4/RSmad complex must be not only positively regulated by receptors, but also actively kept under negative control. Yet, the factors responsible for the latter are only now starting to emerge. We found that Smad4 monoubiquitination is a central mechanism by which cells inhibit Smad4/RSmad complex assembly. By mean of siRNA screen we identified FAM (Usp9x) as a new enzyme acting as essential and evolutionary conserved component in TGFb and BMP signaling. Smad4 is monoubiquitinated in lysine 519 in vivo and this modification renders Smad4 a latent factor, impeding association with phospho- Smad2. FAM is the DUB that reverts this negative modification, re- empowering Smad4 activity. The activity of FAM is cytoplasmic and opposite to that one of Ectodermin/Tif1g(Ecto), a nuclear factor for which we now clarify a prominent role as Smad4 K519- monoubiquitin ligase. Loss of FAM leads to increased Smad4 monoubiquitination and repression of Smad4-dependent TGF? and BMP responses, whereas loss of Ecto has opposite effects. Critically, these enzymes operate in the same pathway, being Ecto function required downstream of FAM. Intriguingly, the activity of Ecto on Smad4 is fostered by its association with P-Smad2, indicating that Ecto may also serve in vivo as “disruptase” of the Smad2/Smad4 complex. Thus, we suggest that Smad4 monoubiquitination provides a novel and powerful mechanism by which cells can quantitatively tune their responsiveness to TGFb.
Combining Ethnographic and Survey Methods: A Study of the Nuptiality Patterns of the Shona of Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Large-scale demographic surveys have been criticized by anthropologists because a limited set of standardized questions generally cannot adequately capture the details and complexities of social processes. One way to overcome these limitations is to collect qualitative data. Alternatively, ethnographic information can be used to develop a very detailed survey questionnaire. This study uses data from a detailed survey of the union formation process among the Shona-speaking peoples of Zimbabwe. The questionnaire for this survey was developed on the basis of ethnographic accounts of Shona marriage, and includes questions about a set of specific events that may occur during the development of a Shona union. The data indicate that many couples do not adhere to the traditional marriage customs and form new types of unions. Furthermore, while bridewealth payments traditionally gave a man sexual and reproductive rights to his wife, it is evident that this custom no longer regulates the onset of sexual behaviour and childbearing. This study demonstrates that event-history questionnaires can be used to produce detailed quantitative data which can supplement qualitative data from ethnographic studies.
[A mechanical heart valve prosthesis with a spherical shape and open center].

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A mechanical valve prosthesis is described with central blood flow. The generations I and II of the mechanical valve obstruct the blood flow and cause turbulence with undesirable consequences. The opening in the centre of Simkovic-Bolf valve preserves the laminar blood flow, reduces the trauma of blood and myocardium stress. Our new valve represents a mechanical valve prosthesis of generation III. (Fig. 5, Ref. 16.).
Hypothermia II: Diagnosis and Treatment

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Diagnosis of hypothermia is based on history of exposure to cold. If known exposure to a cold environment is not evident, predisposing factors that can lead to hypothermia must be considered. Lactic acidosis as a result of decreased oxygen exchange, shivering and decreased peripheral tissue perfusion leads to the development of a metabolic acidosis in hypothermic animals. Mildly affected animals may have a mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis due to tachypnea. An animal with profound hypothermia should be handled to avoid precipitating ventricular fibrillation. Successful treatment of the severely hypothermic patient is based on support of vital organ systems, prevention of further heat loss, and restoration of body temperature to a normal range. In addition to rewarming techniques, supportive care is extremely important in managing the hypothermic patient. In severely hypothermic animals, lactated Ringer's solution should be avoided due to the compromised liver's inability to metabolize lactate.
Analytical Investigations of Spin-Spin, Spin-Other-Orbit and Combined Mechanisms of Zero-Field Splitting for 3d3 Ions at Trigonal Symmetry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new method of obtaining approximate analytical expressions of zero-field splitting (ZFS) has been proposed. By analyzing the magnetic interaction mechanisms which affect the properties of ZFS of ground 4 A 2 state for 3d 3 ions at trigonal symmetry, and comparing with the calculated results of complete diagonalization method, the approximate analytical expressions of the contribution to zero-field splitting of 4 A 2 state from spin-spin (SS), spin-other-orbit (SOO), and combined mechanisms have been obtained. Also the applicability of these approximate analytical expressions has been analyzed. It is shown that the approximate analytical expressions are suitable in a wide crystal field parameters range.
Management of water supply systems from interbasin transfers: case study in the Brazilian semiarid region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper develops a discharge allocation model for public water supply for a set of communities, considering available and planned reservoirs and interbasin transfer projects. Reservoir operation rules were defined for maximum water withdrawals in function of the storage volume over a period of 45 years, and then the discharges to be transported from the different sources to 18 locations were defined, minimizing the costs. Generalized Reduced Gradient and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms were used in the optimization processes. The model was applied in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazilian semiarid. This region has the worst water balance in the entire country and three interbasin water transfer systems are under construction. Due to the interconnection among the systems, it will be possible to supply the communities from one or another source. The results showed that the optimized operation of the reservoirs can minimize water transfer and costs.
Photochemistry and transport of tropospheric ozone and its precursors in urban and remote environments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Tropospheric ozone (O3) adversely affects human health, reduces crop yields, and contributes to climate forcing. To limit these effects, the processes controlling O3 abundance as well as that of its precursor molecules must be fully characterized. Here, I examine three facets of O3 production, both in heavily polluted and remote environments. First, using in situ observations from the DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore/Washington region, I evaluate the emissions of the O3 precursors CO and NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). I find that CO/NOx emissions ratios derived from observations are 21% higher than those predicted by the NEI. Comparisons to output from the CMAQ model suggest that CO in the NEI is accurate within 15 ± 11%, while NOx emissions are overestimated by 51-70%, likely due to errors in mobile sources. These results imply that ambient ozone concentrations will respond more efficiently to NOx controls than current models suggest. I then investigate the source of high O3 and low H2O structures in the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP). A combination of in situ observations, satellite data, and models show that the high O3 results from photochemical production in biomass burning plumes from fires in tropical Southeast Asia and Central Africa; the low relative humidity results from large-scale descent in the tropics. Because these structures have frequently been attributed to mid-latitude pollution, biomass burning in the tropics likely contributes more to the radiative forcing of climate than previously believed. Finally, I evaluate the processes controlling formaldehyde (HCHO) in the TWP. Convective transport of near surface HCHO leads to a 33% increase in upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios; convection also likely increases upper tropospheric CH3OOH to ~230 pptv, enough to maintain background HCHO at ~75 pptv. The long-range transport of polluted air, with NO four times the convectively controlled background, intensifies the conversion of HO2 to OH, increasing OH by a factor of 1.4. Comparisons between the global chemistry model CAM-Chem and observations show that consistent underestimates of HCHO by CAM-Chem throughout the troposphere result from underestimates in both NO and acetaldehyde.
Association between serum LDL-C levels and coronary artery changes in patients with coronary heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate the possible relation between the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and coronary artery changes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed in 328 patients. The patients were divided into CHD group and control group. The serum levels of lipids were measured. According to the coronary number of stenosis, CHD group was further divided into 1-vessel group,2-vessel group and 3-vessel group according to the degree of coronary lesion, CHD group was further divided into light stenosis group, moderate stenosis group and severe stenosis group. Results The levels of total cholesterol(TC), LDL-C and triglyceride(TG) in CHD patients were significant higher than those in control subjects. The serum levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly related to CHD (P 0.01). The serum levels of TC and LDL-C were higher in the 2-vessel group and 3-vessel group than in the control group and 1-vessel group (P 0.01). The serum levels of TC and LDL-C were higher in the moderate stenosis group, severe stenosis group than in the control group and light stenosis group(P 0.01). Conclusions The increasing of TC and LDL-C is an associated with the stenosis degrees and lesion degrees of coronary artery in patients witth CHD which indicated that TC and LDL-C had clinical significance for evaluating the change of degree of coronary artery lesion. The levels of serum TG in patients with CHD is closely related with risk factors in CHD.
Stepwise intensification of insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes management—exploring the concept of the basal‐plus approach in clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Basal insulin provides an effective method for initiating insulin therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes, resulting in significant improvements in glycaemic control, lower rates of hypoglycaemia and less weight gain than either prandial or premixed insulin regimens. However, the progressive nature of Type 2 diabetes and the inability of basal insulin to correct excessive postprandial glucose excursions mean that insulin therapy will eventually need to be intensified, typically by adding prandial insulin as part of a basal–bolus or premixed insulin regimen. The aim of this review is to summarize recent clinical evidence for a staged ‘basal‐plus’ strategy for insulin intensification where one, two or three prandial insulin injections are added to basal insulin according to individual need. In the early stages of insulin therapy, most individuals seem to achieve favourable glycaemic control with basal insulin alone, or in combination with a single prandial insulin injection. The addition of a single prandial insulin injection at the largest meal is well tolerated and associated with significant improvements in glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ), low rates of hypoglycaemia and limited weight gain. More people achieve recommended HbA 1c targets with a basal‐plus strategy, compared with twice‐daily premixed insulin therapy, with lower rates of hypoglycaemia. The data indicate that a step‐by‐step approach with the basal‐plus strategy is a promising alternative method of insulin intensification that allows for individualization of treatment and may delay progression to a full basal–bolus insulin replacement therapy for many individuals.
[Optical internal urethrotomy after traumatic disruption of the urethra].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report 4 cases of complete traumatic disruption of urethra treated by endoscopic management, core-through optical internal urethrotomy. A direct vision urethrotome was used to incise the totally obliterated urethra with transvesical endoscopic guidance and digital rectal or perineal control. Postoperatively, the patients required an average of 1.3 subsequent urethrotomies. The results were satisfactory in three cases and one case was under observation. All patients were continent and three of them were potent. We suggest that the endoscopic approach should be considered as an initial procedure for restoring urethral continuity prior to more extensive surgical repair.
Affective Legal Analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Indeed, if the legal field is to be understood as instrumental to democracy's $acohabitation$z of individuals, research on dispute resolution remains pre-eminent as a means to understand how individual views differ and how different views can be overcome. As a central part of $aconflict analysis,$z such research would assist an interdisciplinary quest for a dynamic understanding of democracy and law. It would focus on how different individuals with different conceptions of the good can live together in their community, in their world. Scientific research in the fields of communication, economics, psychology, history, political theory and philosophy, to name but a few, would side with legal theory in a shared ambition to analyze the way individuals are affected by their views as well as by their institutions, in order to provide society with a dynamic means to solve conflicts and enhance citizenship or legal awareness. Such research necessarily coincides with empathy-oriented education, directed towards an understanding of different conflict positions and the related comprehensive or non-comprehensive views affecting them. An affective education, analyzing all affective mechanisms of societal or interpersonal disputes and their legal or alternative resolution. A clinical education, offering an interactive simulation with regard to these positions and their affective impact, demonstrating how individual views continuously affect the positions taken, how disputes are affected by the legal or other institutions that attempt to solve them, and how the effectiveness of legal or other solutions to the conflict at hand depends on a practice of affective legal analysis. Thus legal and civic education, by way of affective narration and clinical simulation, join affective legal analysis in its endeavor to provide society with a similarly affective and non-rationalizing approach of legal awareness.
Rate of diabetic retinopathy among the diabetic patients with a best corrected visual acuity of 6/9 or better

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, broadly it is defined as a complication of diabetes that affects the retina; by damaging its blood vessels, which at first may be symptomless, though eventually can lead to serious and sight-threatening complications like hemorrhages, macular edema, and even blindness.Aim: The study aimed at detecting the presence of diabetic retinopathy in the diabetic patients having a best corrected visual acuity “BCVA” of 6/9 or better, attending Retina Clinic in Elsaiem Eye Hospital, to prove a hypothesis' that states: diabetic patients with a BCVA of 6/9 or better are unlikely to have a diabetic retinal complications, and if found they rarely need intervention.Results: Six hundred and eighteen eyes were included in the study; 59.2% of the eyes with BCVA 6/9, 75.6% of the eyes with BCVA of 6/6, and 86.2% of the eyes with BCVA 6/5 were found to have neither diabetic retinopathy nor maculopathy.Conclusion: As it can be stated out of the results; the better the visual acuity than 6/9 the lesser the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, so visual acuity “among other factors” could be considered as one of the simple screening methods or predictors of the diabetic retinopathy that is of great importance in developing countries with minimal facilities and resource-poor settings.
Abstract LB-148: Depletion of myeloid derived suppressor cells in pancreatric cancer results in decreased tumor growth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is a highly aggressive and chemo-resistant malignancy with a median survival of only 6 months. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been implicated in the immune suppression and growth of several malignancies. MDSC are highly prevalent in the tumor microenvironment, and represent a potential therapeutic target. Here, we assess the tumor-promoting ability of MDSC in a model of PA and explore MDSC targeting strategies using ZA, a drug known to inhibit MDSC. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated in the right flank with 100,000 or 50,000 of the syngeneic PA line, Pan02. Tumor volume was determined by standard calculation using caliper measurements. Mice were treated with Gemcitabine 20mg/kg Qwk IP and/or ZA 1ug QOD SQ once tumors were palpable. Analysis for MDSC accumulation was determined in the tumor, spleen and bone marrow of mice at sacrifice using flow cytometry for standard markers of MDSC (CD45, CD11b, Gr1, Ly6G, and Ly6C). MDSC prevalence is expressed as a percentage of total leukocytes (CD45+). Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric student's t-test. Results: MDSC are up regulated in the spleen and bone marrow of mice with flank injected Pan02 compared to non-tumor bearing mice. MDSC accumulate over time and increase in number until 4 weeks post-inoculation (CD45 + 11b+Gr1+, Bone Marrow: 26.06% 42.04%, spleen 1.07% 7.18%, p=0.0021). Treatment of tumor bearing mice with ZA decreases tumor associated MDSC (CD45+11b+Gr1+: 50.36 29.38; CD45+11b+Ly6G+: 49.45 30.47) and tumor volume (2.45 1.71 p=0.034). ZA also works in concert with Gemcitabine to decrease MDSC (Gr1 +: 50.36 39.38; Ly6G+: 49.45 37.28;) and tumor volume (2.45 1.02, p=0.0011). Conclusion: MDSC play an integral role in the development of PA. Depletion of MDSC by ZA results in significantly smaller tumors and can be added to the standard chemotherapeutic regimen (Gemcitabine) successfully. The addition of ZA to Gemcitabine represents an attractive and innovative regimen to improve the treatment of this deadly malignancy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-148.