jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Directional connectivity of resting state human fMRI data using cascaded ICA-PDC analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Directional connectivity measures, such as partial directed coherence (PDC), give us means to explore effective connectivity in the human brain. By utilizing independent component analysis (ICA), the original data-set reduction was performed for further PDC analysis. Purpose To test this cascaded ICA-PDC approach in causality studies of human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Material and Methods Resting state group data was imaged from 55 subjects using a 1.5 T scanner (TR 1800 ms, 250 volumes). Temporal concatenation group ICA in a probabilistic ICA and further repeatability runs ( n = 200) were overtaken. The reduced data-set included the time series presentation of the following nine ICA components: secondary somatosensory cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, intracalcarine cortex, primary auditory cortex, amygdala, putamen and the frontal medial cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, comprising the default mode network components. Re-normalized PDC (rPDC) values were computed to determine directional connectivity at the group level at each frequency. Results The integrative role was suggested for precuneus while the role of major divergence region may be proposed to primary auditory cortex and amygdala. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of the cascaded ICA-PDC approach in directional connectivity studies of human fMRI.
Do I Own My Organs?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter evaluates the author's narrative after her meeting with Deb Porter Gill. It offers a variety of outcomes if the author had not liked Deb and withdrawn the offer to donate. That could have been for any reason, including political values, lifestyle, religion, or skin color. The chapter argues that living donors are treated by the law and by doctors as the owners of their bodies, and their body parts are considered goods that they can donate or not to whomever they want. The chapter examines the justice-based approach to organ allocation. In contrast with the living donors, cadaveric donors are generally put into national pools and allocated according to nationally agreed-upon criteria. The chapter states that their use is governed not by the autonomy-based preferences of the donor or the donor's family but, instead, by considerations of justice that are built into the administrative rules that dictate how organs should be allocated. Ultimately, the chapter presents the practical reasons for treating cadaveric organs differently than organs from a living donor.
Finite element modeling of energy-absorbing materials in blast-loaded structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy absorbing materials such as foam or honeycomb are of interest in blast protection because of their ability to absorb energy through plastic deformation. They absorb a considerable amount of energy relative to their low density, and are investigated to determine if their energy absorbing abilities can be used to mitigate blast damage. Ballistic pendulum experiments show that energy absorbing materials increase the energy transferred from a blast. This behavior was contrary to expected results so computational models were created in LS-DYNA to understand the phenomenon that causes an increase in transferred energy. Many models using ConWep and Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) techniques were created to test the loading methods available in LS-DYNA. Additional ConWep models were created to directly compare simulations against ballistic pendulum experiments. The ConWep model results correlate with the experiments, showing that energy absorbing materials cause an increase in energy transferred to the system.
“I never should have been a doctor”: A Qualitative Study of Imposter Phenomenon among Internal Medicine Residents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Imposter phenomenon is common among medical trainees and may influence learning and professional development. The authors sought to describe imposter phenomenon among internal medicine residents. Methods : In 2020, using emailed invites we recruited a convenience sample of 28 internal medicine residents from a teaching hospital in Baltimore, Maryland to participate in an exploratory qualitative study. In one-on-one interviews, informants described experiences of imposter phenomenon during residency training. Using thematic analysis to identify meaningful segments of text, the authors developed a coding framework and iteratively identified and refined themes. Informants completed the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale. Results : Informants described feelings and thoughts related to imposter phenomenon, the contexts in which they developed and the impact on learning. Imposter phenomenon has profound effects on residents including: powerful and persistent feelings of inadequacy and habitual comparisons with others. Distinct contexts shaping imposter phenomenon included: changing roles with increasing responsibilities; constant scrutiny; and rigid medical hierarchy. Learning was impacted by inappropriate expectations, difficulty processing feedback, and mental energy diverted to impression management. Discussion : Internal medicine residents routinely experience imposter phenomenon; these feelings distort residents’ sense of self confidence and competence and may impact learning. Modifiable aspects of the clinical learning environment exacerbate imposter phenomenon and thus can be acted upon to mitigate imposter phenomenon and promote learning among medical trainees.
Correlation of Expression Levels of Copper Transporter 1 andThymidylate Synthase with Treatment Outcomes in Patientswith Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated withS-1/Carboplatin Doublet Chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is a critical determinant of the uptake and cytotoxic effect of the platinum drugs carboplatin and cisplatin. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and is associated with resistance of tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil. We investigated the correlation between CTR1 and TS expression levels and treatment outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with S-1/carboplatin doublet chemotherapy. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Tumor expression of CTR1 and TS was measured immunohistochemically and analyzed for correlation with tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Tumor response was significantly better in patients with CTR1High tumors than in patients with CTR1Low tumors (64% vs. 18%, P = 0.02). Patients with TSLow tumors had a significantly longer OS (median 21.2 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.02), but not PFS, than patients with TSHigh tumors. When CTR1 and TS co-expression was analyzed, patients with either CTR1High or TSLow tumors showed a significantly better tumor response (50% vs. 0%, P = 0.01), longer PFS (median 4.2 vs. 2.1 months, P = 0.03), and longer OS (median 21.2 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.01) than patients with both CTR1Low and TSHigh tumors. Conclusions: Our study suggests that combined CTR1/TS expression status has the potential to be an important predictor of good treatment outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with S-1/carboplatin doublet chemotherapy.
Moderate-Dose Methotrexate in Head and Neck Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

200 mg/m2 methotrexate given intravenously in a running drip for 6 h has been used as an initial adjuvant therapy in 38 patients with advanced head and neck cancer. The response rate is as high as 80%, with 21% achieving complete remission. Histologically, specimens were tumor free in 3 patients. Toxicity in 38 patients included leukopenia (4), mucositis (6) and diarrhea (1). This particular dose of methotrexate appears to be safe and usually does not need leucovorin rescue. Also, when given as initial treatment, it is effective in reduction of tumor bulk. A prolonged randomized trial is essential to determine its role in improving long-term survival.
Novel Hsv Colour Space based Threshold Method for Vegetation Extraction and its Performance on Landsat TM Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with a novel proposed vegetation extraction method applied in multi spectral satellite images (Landsat TM). This proposed method essentially consists of three steps: image enhancement using histogram equalisation, image transformation to new colour model called HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value) and thresholding application on Hue and Saturation components.Â For post-processing a hybrid filter median has been used to improve the results and remove isolated pixels. The proposed method is applied to three different scenes of Beni Mellal region in Morocco. The obtained results are compared with two other thresholding methods. Pixels identified as vegetation have an average sensitivity value of 95.88% and an accuracy value of 93.02%.Â Â
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in a Child With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 3-year-old girl, born to an intravenous-drug-dependent mother, had protracted diarrhea, failure to thrive, generalized lymphadenopathy, and recurrent fevers during the first six months of life. At 7 months of age, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome was detected in her saliva by DNA dot-blot hybridization using a cloned EBV probe. Spontaneous EBV+ lymphoblastoid cell lines had repeatedly developed from her peripheral blood lymphocytes over the subsequent 2 1/2 years. At 11 months of age, persistent tachypnea and a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate developed. Lung biopsy demonstrated a florid, peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrate and the EBV genome was identified in the lung tissue. Serum anti-EBV antibodies remained undetectable until 14 months of age. She had a T4+/T8+ ratio of less than 0.8 and serum antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. The delayed seroresponse of this patient to symptomatic EBV infection suggests that reliance on EBV serology to diagnose EBV infection in immunocompromised hosts may be inappropriate, and other methods such as DNA probes should be used.
213. Regulation of TGFβ superfamily-related genes in the newborn mouse testis by activin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of ligands are known to influence development of male germ cells. In our ongoing investigations of genetically modified mice with different bioactive levels of activin, we noted that testicular germ cell numbers at birth are increased in the absence of activin.1 In this study we compared expression levels of TGFβ-related genes in mice with 0, 1 or 2 copies of the activin βA subunit gene. Candidate genes were identified through hybridisation of total testis RNA from newborn (Day 0) wild type (WT; 2 copies) and activin βA null mice (KO; 0 copies) to a TGFβ SuperArray Simplicity™ membrane. Densitometric analysis of resulting signals revealed several genes that appeared to differ between genotypes. To validate these findings, pooled testes from newborn WT (2 independent groups), heterozygous (het; 2 groups) and activin βA KO (3 groups) mice were collected for RNA extraction. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed using the Roche Light Cycler, with β-actin mRNA level used as the housekeeping reference. The mRNAs selected for analysis were: inhibin α, p15INK4b, Smad5, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), ALK6 (BMPRI-B), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1). The inhibin α transcript level was significantly decreased in the activin βA KO animal compared with WT, while the het sample showed an intermediate effect. Both Smad5 and IGF-1 transcripts appeared to increase in the KO animals compared with WT; however, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p15INK4b, did not change significantly across the genotypes. Similarly, ALK-6 and Timp1 mRNA levels were also unaffected by genotype. These findings illustrate the impact of graded levels of activin A on specific genes in the fetal testis. (1)Mendis et al. (2004). Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 16(Suppl.), 103.
Posteromedial Buttress Plate for Schatzker 6 Fractures as Double Column Fixation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Treatment of Schatzker Type 6 fractures is to use a posteromedial buttress plate as part of a double-column fixation technique. Materials & Methods: The design of this study was a cross sectional study design and this study was conducted in DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala. patients with posterior medial fracture of Schatzker type 6 and having associated damage of some soft tissue present within the joint underwent surgery at our institutional operation theatre. In this Study setting we included total 20 patients (14 male [70%] and 6 females [30%]) who came with Bicondylar fractures having Comminuted Posteromedial Fragments of tibia. Results: Of the Patients, 12 (60%) had excellent results, 5(25%) had good results , and 3 (15%) had fair results. In total, 17 patients (85%) achieved cheering results. Walking, Stability, and motion were good or excellent in all cases. Practical Implication: One of the main advantages of the posteromedial buttress plate fixation technique is that it provides support to the medial column of the tibia, which is an important weight-bearing structure in the lower extremity. By restoring the structural integrity of the medial column, the technique can help promote early weight-bearing and facilitate early rehabilitation. All displaced posteromedial tibial plateau fractures should be surgically stabilized and buttressed using plate to restore joint congruity and prevent late subluxation and early arthritis. The aim is to study the role of posteromedial plating in the management of complex tibial plateau fractures with a posteromedial fragment Conclusion: Use of a posteromedial buttress plate as part of a double-column fixation technique can be an effective approach for treating Schatzker Type 6 fractures. Keywords: Fixation of Posterior Column, Buttress plate, Schatzker 6 fracture
On Track for a Truly Green Propolis—Fingerprinting Propolis Samples from Seven Countries by Means of a Fully Green Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The production of quality bee products, as well as bee survival itself, depends on the health conditions of the environment, but ironically, harmful solvents are often employed by scientists and traders to monitor the quality of these products. Many types of propolis have been recognized around the world, but specific biological activities can be expected for specific types of propolis. This work aimed to develop a new and green ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method for the identification of green propolis type. The method was able to discern this type of propolis in a set of samples from seven countries as well as to cluster these samples by fingerprint similarity based on principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. This proved to be efficient, reproducible, and greener than methods previously reported in the literature for similar purposes and compatible with the cheap, largely available food grade ethanol produced from sugar cane.
In Vivo Efficacy of Amphotericin B against Four Candida auris Clades

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungus against which in some clinical situations amphotericin B (AMB) remains the alternative or first line drug. We compared daily 1 mg/kg of AMB efficacy in a neutropenic murine bloodstream infection model against 10 isolates representing four C. auris clades (South Asian n = 2; East Asian n = 2; South African n = 2; South American n = 4; two of which were of environmental origin). Five days of AMB treatment significantly increased the survival rates in mice infected with isolates of the East Asian clade, and 1 isolate each from the South African and South American clades (originated from bloodstream), but not in mice infected with the South Asian and 2 environmental isolates from the South American clades. AMB treatment decreased the fungal burden in mice infected with the 2 isolates each from East Asian and South African, and 1 out of 2 bloodstream isolates from South American clades in the hearts (p < 0.01), kidneys (p < 0.01) and brain (p < 0.05). AMB treatment, regardless of clades, significantly decreased colony forming units in the urine at day 3. However, histopathological examination in AMB-treated mice revealed large aggregates of yeast cells in the kidneys and hearts, and focal lesions in the cerebra and cerebelli, regardless of precise C. auris clade. Our clade-specific data confirm that the efficacy of AMB against C. auris is weak, explaining the therapeutic failures in clinical situations. Our results draw attention to the necessity to maximize the killing at the start of treatment to avoid later complications in the heart and central nervous system.
Incidence and clinical predictors of cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastases in lateral cervical cysts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the incidence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in patients with an isolated cervical cystic mass, and to describe the clinical features that might predict the origin of cystic tumours. Method Adult patients with isolated lateral cervical cystic masses who were scheduled for surgery from 1st January 2010 to 31st August 2016 in two tertiary care referral centres in Slovakia were analysed retrospectively. Results The incidence of cystic metastases in the whole cohort and in patients aged over 40 years were 9.9 per cent and 18.5 per cent, respectively. The incidence in patients aged over 40 years (18.5 per cent) was statistically significant ( p = 0.003). Conclusion The incidence of cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastases in lateral cervical cysts in patients aged over 40 years is high enough to call for excisional biopsy with frozen section, panendoscopy with direct biopsies, tonsillectomy and even neck dissection in cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma.
PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF FUTURE PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS AT THE STAGE OF STUDY IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Статтю присвячено теоретичному та емпіричному дослідженню проблем індивідуального та професійного розвитку фахівців у галузі практичної психології, які відіграють вирішальну роль у подальшій діяльності практичних психологів.Необхідність підготовки практичних психологів зумовлена низкою вимог, що висуваються до представників цієї професії, зокрема формування у них професійної ідентичності, що забезпечує успіх професійної діяльності.Тому зміст навчання психолога обов'язково має передбачати формування особистості практикуючого психолога, його професійне становлення, зміну внутрішньої психічної структури суб'єкта навчання, оскільки основним інструментом у роботі практикуючого психолога є він сам
A NEW APPROACH FOR SOLVING GAS DYNAMIC EQUATION

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new analytical technique called the Reconstruction of Variational Iteration Method (RVIM) is suggested for finding the exact solution of gas dynamic equation. The solution procedure explicitly reveals the complete reliability and simplicity of the proposed algorithm. The RVIM technique has been successfully applied to many nonlinear problems in science and engineering. All of these verify the great potential and validity of the RVIM technique in comparison with Variational Iteration Method (VIM) for strongly nonlinear problems in science and engineering.
[IGF-1 and phosphate homeostasis during growth].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential determinant of cellular growth and replication. IGF-1, a growth hormone dependent factor, enhances at the kidney level both the tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Through these two renal actions IGF-1 increases the extracellular concentration of Pi. Consequently, the amount of Pi available for cellular growth and bone mineral deposition is maintained at a higher level as compared to the concentration prevailing during the adult life. Thus, IGF-1 appears to play a pivotal role in the control of Pi economy, particularly during growth.
Crime, Work, and Reentry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Reentry Roundtable entitled, The Employment Dimensions of Prisoner Reentry: Understanding the Nexus between Prisoner Reentry and Work, was held on May 19-20, 2003 in New York City. The Roundtable focused on several aspects of the employment-reentry link, including the employment profile of the prison population; the work experience in prison; applicable lessons from welfare to work; the employment barriers ex-offenders face; and the potential linkages between correctional systems, intervention programs, and private employers. The meeting aimed to identify policy and research opportunities geared to improving the employment prospects, and thereby the chances of successful reintegration, for hundred of thousands of people leaving prison each year. This paper discusses the various mechanisms through which work can affect crime.
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based On Dual Invariant Feature Domain Generalization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In industrial production, complex working conditions often result in poor generalization of fault diagnosis models. Consequently, we propose a method called Dual Invariant Feature Domain Generalization (DIFDG) for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. This method is built upon the knowledge distillation framework, wherein phase information is extracted from one-dimensional signals using the Fourier transform. The phase information remains insensitive to domain changes and serves as the training data for the teacher network, enabling it to learn internally-invariant features. Simultaneously, employing the knowledge distillation technique, the student network learns internally-invariant features from one-dimensional time series signals. To prevent information loss, two-dimensional time-frequency diagram data is incorporated into the student network training. The student network is trained to acquire mutually-invariant features using a class-related loss function for data from various domains. This method trains a student network to extract dual invariant features from the data, enhancing the generalization to applications involving unknown data. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach outperforms other representative methods in both the CWRU and NEFU datasets.