jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methods for analyzing teacher facilitation of collaborative learning in the science classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Article Share on Methods for analyzing teacher facilitation of collaborative learning in the science classroom Authors: Katherine D. Knight University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile , Sadhana Puntambekar University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCL'09: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 2June 2009 Pages 255–257Online:08 June 2009Publication History 0citation85DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads85Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Experimental Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a New PEG-Based Laxative

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bowel-cleansing PEG-based agents, including Moviprep ® , are commonly used to prepare the large intestine for diagnostic examinations. PLNV-next is a newly developed fixed combination medicinal product with a composition similar to that of Moviprep ® . The aim of the study was to estimate the pharmacological efficacy and toxicity of PLNV-next. Materials and methods: The study evaluated pharmacological efficacy of four formulations of PLNV-next in comparison with Moviprep ® after a single administration in a therapeutic dose to outbred rats. The evaluation was carried out based on the laxative effect of the medicinal products. The authors recorded diarrhoea onset latency and the number of defecation boluses and diarrhoea spots produced during the 6-hour observation period. Toxicity of PLNV-next was studied in the formulation containing maximum amounts of the ingredients according to the patent. In the single-dose toxicity study, PLNV-next was administered intragastrically to rats at doses of 4.2 g/kg (maximum human therapeutic dose, MHTD), 21 g/kg (5 MHTD), and 42 g/kg (10 MHTD) and to ferrets at doses of 4.2 g/kg (MHTD) and 21 g/kg (5 MHTD). In the repeated-dose toxicity study, PLNV-next was administered for 14 days at 4.2 g/kg (rats and ferrets), 21 g/kg (5 MHTD, rats), and 12.6 g/kg (3 MHTD, ferrets). Additionally, the repeated-dose toxicity study evaluated safety pharmacology parameters for the cardio-vascular, respiratory and central nervous systems. Results: All PLNV-next formulations tested exerted a laxative effect equivalent to that of Moviprep ® . No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in rats, with the exception of the laxative effect. Ferrets demonstrated decreased behavioral activity and diarrhoea. Nausea or emesis were noted in 75–90% of the ferrets receiving the doses exceeding the MHTD. A single administration of PLNV-next affected blood sodium concentrations: a slight increase was noted in the 5 MHTD and 10 MHTD groups of rats and in the 5 MHTD group of ferrets. The repeated-dose toxicity study in rats revealed a slight increase in sodium levels with both test doses. After a single administration of 5 MHTD to ferrets, the authors observed a decrease in potassium levels. All the changes were mild and within physiological ranges. PLNV-next toxic effects observed in the rat and ferret studies were similar to those reported in rat and dog toxicity studies of Moviprep ® . Conclusion: PLNV-next exerts a marked laxative effect and has a favourable safety profile.
Nitrogen Enigma in Tropical Soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fixed NH4+ has been shown to occupy a significant portion of the total N of some tropical soils, which may alter and influence the N availability and dynamics in these soils. A series of laboratory investigations and a green house study were conducted to determine the extent and dynamics of fixation of fertiliser N in a range of agricultural soils using 15N techniques. Existing micro-diffusion procedures as a necessary step in the pre-concentration of exchangeable NH4+ and NO3--15N were validated, and new procedures for measuring fixed NH4+-15N fractions (total, strongly and weakly fixed) were developed. Laboratory incubations showed fixation to increase linearly with increasing N application rate. In green house studies cropping resulted in a slow release of a small portion (13.3 %) of the recently fixed NH4+ at 42 days after cropping. Potassium (K+) added after N fertilization resulted in the release of recently fixed NH4+ being blocked. These findings should provide agronomist and soil fertility researchers with pertinent information regarding alterations to N management tools and systems.
The plasma and tissue expression of CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma and their significance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective]The aims of the present study were to detect the plasma and tissue expression of CD44v6 in patients with gastric carcinoma,analyse the relationship between the expression and clinical pathological features,and illustrate their role in carcinogenesis and development.[Methods]Forty cases of gastric carcinoma patients were confirmed by pathology.Twenty serum samples of healthy people in our hospital and 20 gastric mucosa specimens from 5 centimeters above the edge of carcinoma were collected for control group.The plasma levels of CD44v6 in 40 gastric carcinoma patients,20 healthy subjects were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA).The tissue expression of CD44v6 were examined by immunohistochemical S-P method in 40 gastric carcinoma and 20 adjacent gastric mucosa tissues.[Results]1.Plasma levels of CD44v6 in 40 gastric carcinoma patients(177.21±46.48)were significantly higher than in the control groups(116.31±26.27,p=0.0042).2.Tissue expression positively of CD44v6(77.5%) were significantly higher than in the control groups(15%).[Conclusion]Plasma levels and tissue expression of CD44v6 in 40 gastric carcinoma patients were significantly higher than in the control group,and positively associated with histological grading,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis.The results showed that CD44v6 were involved in tumorigenesis,could reflect the state of body of tumor burden and predict tumor progression.
Can we use Weak Lensing to Measure Total Mass Profiles of Galaxies on 20 kiloparsec Scales?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Current constraints on dark matter density profiles from weak lensing are typically limited to radial scales greater than 50-100 kpc. In this paper, we explore the possibility of probing the very inner regions of galaxy/halo density profiles by measuring stacked weak lensing on scales of only a few tens of kpc. Our forecasts focus on scales smaller than the equality radius (Req) where the stellar component and the dark matter component contribute equally to the lensing signal. We compute the evolution of Req as a function of lens stellar mass and redshift and show that Req=7-34 kpc for galaxies with the stellar mass of 10^{9.5}-10^{11.5} solar masses. Unbiased shear measurements will be challenging on these scales. We introduce a simple metric to quantify how many source galaxies overlap with their neighbours and for which shear measurements will be challenging. Rejecting source galaxies with close-by companions results in about a 20 per cent decrease in the overall source density. Despite this decrease, we show that Euclid and WFIRST will be able to constrain galaxy/halo density profiles at Req with signal-to-noise ratio >20 for the stellar mass of >10^{10} solar masses. Weak lensing measurements at Req, in combination with stellar kinematics on smaller scales, will be a powerful means by which to constrain both the inner slope of the dark matter density profile as well as the mass and redshift dependence of the stellar initial mass function.
Citrobacter Causing Septic Arthritis: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The genus Citrobacter commonly found in water and soil as well as the intestinal and urinary tracts of animals and humans. Although Citrobacter infections are infrequently diagnosed in environmental contexts, the rising incidence of nosocomial manifestations underscores the importance of considering this organism in the differential diagnosis of hospital-acquired infections. We present a case of patient with septic arthritis of the shoulder who had been originally admitted for the management of acute-on-chronic congestive heart failure exacerbation and severe sepsis. On hospital day 1, joint aspiration cultures and Gram stain confirmed the presence of Citrobacter koseri , a pathogen not commonly associated with septic arthritis, and ceftriaxone was administered to target it. On hospital day 7, antibiotic was transitioned to levofloxacin, every other day for 4 weeks. The patient was discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility after a 14-day hospital stay. This case stresses the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis for any patients who present with fever and joint inflammation or swelling, especially in a postoperative setting.
Continuity and Discontinuity in Zimbabwe's Development History

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The government of Zimbabwe has publicly committed itself to a development strategy which it terms “Growth With Equity.” At least two official policy documents articulate the strategy: Growth With Equity (1981) and The Transitional National Development Plan: 1982/83-1984/85 (1982; hereafter TNDP). The theme appears frequently as well in the semi-official press and in Zimbabwe News, a publication of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) party. In each, the government claims that Growth With Equity will move the country away from the capitalist socio-economic system it inherited to a socialist order better able to redress the extreme racial and class inequities which were Rhodesia. Transformation is the watchword. The degree to which the strategy will transform Zimbabwe-indeed, the degree to which it is even intended to do so-draws increasingly skeptical commentary. From the ranks of neoclassical economists comes the critique that Growth With Equity sets over-high standards and is technically unfeasible (EIU Special Report, 1981). Mainstream development theorists call attention to the moderate-reformist aspects of the strategy which predict a Fabian socialist future (Bratton, 1981). Radicals, once quite willing to give the Mugabe government the benefit of doubt, are becoming disillusioned; the most promising aspect of Growth With Equity, some say, is its Gramscian logic (Saul, 1980; The Review of African Political Economy, 1980; Bush and Cliff, 1984). There is no dearth of Zimbabwe-watching and no shortage of opinion on the country's development prospects.
Developmental changes in the rate of production of an unusual testosterone metabolite, 4-androstene-3α,17β-diol, by chick liver microsomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Testosterone is produced by the chick embryo testis from the 13th day of incubation. We have investigated the ability of microsomes prepared from the fetal and neonatal liver to metabolize testosterone and have found that the principal metabolite generated by microsomes in the presence of NADPH is 4-androstene-3α,17β-diol. The rate of production of this metabolite declined sharply over the time of hatching. Conversely, 16α-hydroxytestosterone production increased transiently just after hatching. Our findings indicate that chick liver microsomes contain a 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-hydroxysteroid: NAD(P) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.50) whose activity changes during development. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 205–209
Linalool Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Rats with CFA-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and idiopathic disorder that inflames joint synovial tissue, cartilage, bone and lowers the quality of life. Many studies link RA to leukocyte-mediated inflammation and oxidative damage along with the liberation of many inflammatory cells, degradative enzymes, cytokines and chemokines. Linalool is the primary ingredient of some essential oils derived from aromatic plants containing antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antirheumatic effect of Linalool through invitro, insilico and Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rat model. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Nitric oxide, Superoxide, and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and anti-inflammatory activity by Human Red Blood Cell stabilization and Protein denaturation inhibition assay. Rats were stimulated with Complete Freund's adjuvant, type II collagen, and Lipopolysaccharide to develop arthritis and evaluated for biochemical and arthritic markers. Linalool exhibits concentration dependent inhibition in both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays at concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 µg/mL. Subsequently, both 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of Linalool managed all the arthritic parameters (body weight, paw volume, splenic index, and arthritic index) effectively, including Tumor Necrosis Factor- α, Interleukin-6, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils. The insilico analysis shows a favourable protein-ligand interaction for the identified proteins. Linalool was effective in reducing inflammation, prevents joint and cartilage damage, and modulates immunological responses, suggesting it might be helpful in RA. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these results and explore Linalool's potential as a viable treatment option for patients suffering from this debilitating autoimmune disease.
Effect of several venom components of Bungarus multicinctus on SWO cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM To determine the cytotoxicity of the venom components, and if it is induced by apoptosis. METHODS MTT bioassay was used to test the growth of the tumor cell. The apoptotic effect was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS SWO cells were sensitive to crude venom, peakⅢ toxin and standard α bungarotoxin, whereas other venom components showed no effect on SWO cells. IC 50 of three effective toxins on SWO cells was lower than IC 50 on control NIH3T3 cells. The sub G1(apoptotosis) peak did not appear in flow cytometry. CONCLUSION The crude venom and peakⅢ toxin from Bungarus multicinctus showed cytotoxicity on glioma cells, but no apoptosis was observed.
Incidence of animal bite and risk for rabies in Kaduna State, Nigeria – public health implication

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study focused on the incidence of animal bite (n=50) reported in Kaduna State, Nigeria, between January and April 2024, focusing on factors such as the type of biting animal, sex of the victims, geographical distribution, temporal trends, and the nature of the bites. The data were sourced from weekly reports submitted by Area Veterinary Officers to the Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services and were supplemented with rabies test results from the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State. Results revealed that dogs were responsible for 96% of the biting incidents, while cats accounted for 4%. Male victims were more frequently bitten, and the highest incidence was reported in Kaduna Central (Zone 2) with 44% and Zaria being the lowest (12%). Most incidents occurred in February (38%) and March (34%). Provoked bites constituted 52% of the cases, and 86% of the dogs involved were not vaccinated against rabies. Rabies test results showed that 94% were negative, while 6% tested positive, all of which were reported in Kaduna South (Zone 3). A significant association (p=0.034) between senatorial zones and rabies test results was observed, indicating a need for targeted public health interventions in specific zones. The study underscores the need for improving vaccination coverage and implementing educational campaigns to mitigate risk of rabies and reduce the incidence of animal bites. Enhanced public health strategies, community engagement and one health approach should be implemented to address the multifaceted challenges posed by dog bites and rabies in Kaduna State.
Continuous estrogen-progestin therapy in postmenopausal women.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Scientific Board of the California Medical Association presents the following inventory of items of progress in internal medicine. Each item, in the judgment of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established both as to scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, research workers, or scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in internal medicine that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative acceptance, whether in their own field of special interest or another.The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Internal Medicine of the California Medical Association, and the summaries were prepared under its direction.
Research-oriented ground investigation projects at Changi, Singapore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Changi East Reclamation projects in Singapore were implemented in five phases starting from 1991 and completed in 2005. Due to the excessive magnitude of settlement likely to occur over a long period of duration caused by the consolidation process, an extensively large area was required to be improved using ground improvement techniques to accelerate the consolidation process. The planning and implementation of site investigation works for land reclamation projects is discussed in this paper. An accurate and extensive geotechnical characterisation of underlying soft compressible marine clay was undertaken as part of this project. The geotechnical characterisation was undertaken using site investigation, specialised laboratory testing and specialised in situ testing. Correlations were obtained using empirical methods, which will be useful for future use such as correlations between classification parameters as well as specialised in situ test parameters and strength and compressibility parameters of Singapore marine clay at Changi, Singapore. This paper presents how the research-oriented ground investigation projects were implemented for this mega land reclamation project in the Republic of Singapore.
-Blind Draw-A software solution for image identification and artistic skills for visually impaired people using braille

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At present, visually impaired individuals do not perform or engage much in art. They do not draw paintings because they do not have the ability to draw a world unknown and unseen before. New emerging softwares are developed within the world and the success of it is enjoyed only by the visual impaired who can afford it. The conversion of image to braille and getting a braille printout of the image is the main aim of the new software application. By studying previously developed systems, new features were identified. Reducing the complexity of the software solution and providing the main output of a well converted image from the basic shape to complex image conversions will be made possible. With the results of the survey conducted for the research it emphasized the necessity of inventing a software solution to give the opportunity to the visual impaired to engage in art using braille.
Filter analysis by use of pencil of functions: Part II

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical technique is described for modeling the power density spectrum of a random process from its periodogram. Advantages realized are the following. 1) The parameters are calculated in closed form not requiring any iterative computations. 2) Their variances decrease inversely as the time of observation increases. 3) The method provides a good rational approximation when the true spectrum S(f) is basically of a nonrational form, such as when S(f) is flat and band limited. The development utilizes a result on linearly dependent pencils of functions derived in part I.
CP$^3$: Channel Pruning Plug-in for Point-based Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Channel pruning can effectively reduce both computational cost and memory footprint of the original network while keeping a comparable accuracy performance. Though great success has been achieved in channel pruning for 2D image-based convolutional networks (CNNs), existing works seldom extend the channel pruning methods to 3D point-based neural networks (PNNs). Directly implementing the 2D CNN channel pruning methods to PNNs undermine the performance of PNNs because of the different representations of 2D images and 3D point clouds as well as the network architecture disparity. In this paper, we proposed CP$^3$, which is a Channel Pruning Plug-in for Point-based network. CP$^3$ is elaborately designed to leverage the characteristics of point clouds and PNNs in order to enable 2D channel pruning methods for PNNs. Specifically, it presents a coordinate-enhanced channel importance metric to reflect the correlation between dimensional information and individual channel features, and it recycles the discarded points in PNN's sampling process and reconsiders their potentially-exclusive information to enhance the robustness of channel pruning. Experiments on various PNN architectures show that CP$^3$ constantly improves state-of-the-art 2D CNN pruning approaches on different point cloud tasks. For instance, our compressed PointNeXt-S on ScanObjectNN achieves an accuracy of 88.52% with a pruning rate of 57.8%, outperforming the baseline pruning methods with an accuracy gain of 1.94%.
Marx as a Model and Question: Alexander Kluge’s Critical Inquiries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Alexander Kluge’s oeuvre features aesthetic commentary as a process of problematization and investigation. With exemplary case studies of Kluge’s films, his literary collections of short stories, his television interviews, and his theory volumes composed with Oskar Negt, this article analyzes not only various forms of questions posed in these genres but also the epistemological dimension of questioning. This perspective reveals how a Marxian model of writing becomes the point of departure for Kluge’s work on artistic method. It demonstrates that his questioning concerns the disclosure of subtexts, contexts, and peripheral texts that otherwise remain unseen. As a form of dual documentation—both scientific and artistic, objective and subjective—aesthetic commentary can be read against contemporary claims that the fictionality of a “postfactual age” replaces reality after the end of the “critical age.”