jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACE IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter looks at some of the practical aspects of working with a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) device today. The ultimate in BCI would be uploading of the brain into a computer. The Human Connectome Project represents the potential to do that. Similar to how the Human Genome Project sequenced the human genome-all the genes that make people who they are as an individual-the Human Connectome Project seeks to build a comprehensive map of the neural connections in the brain. The advance of consumer electroencephalography (EEG) devices opens the technology up to a whole new world of BCI options. Combining EEG technologies with other Internet of Things (IoT) technologies like heart rate monitoring, facial emotion recognition, and data mining will enhance the picture describing the brain and its functions. OpenBCI is targeted toward high-end research use. It most closely replicates clinical EEG hardware of all the other consumer EEG devices.
Cassava brown streak disease effects on leaf metabolites and pigment accumulation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) is a threat to productivity and product quality in East Africa. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of CBSD on the primary photosynthetic apparatus of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Three cassava varieties with varying levels of reaction to infection by CBSD were chosen and subjected to field disease pressure. Disease progression and the resulting effects on leaf morphology, metabolite and pigment accumulation were assessed over a period of five months, beginning from 3 months after planting. Slight increments in leaf dry matter were observed up to 4 MAP, and there after a drop was registered. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in photosynthetic pigments occured with a fall in the Chla:Chlb and Chla:Carotenoid ratio, indicative of specific reductions in chlorophyll a (-80%) compared to Chlorophyll b (-41 to -62%) and Carotenoid (-11 to -18%). Total reducing sugar and starch content also dropped significantly (-30 and -60%, respectively), much as NASE 14 maintained a relatively higher amount of carbohydrates. Leaf protein levels were significantly reduced at a rate of 0.07 ug g-1 leaf per month in diseased treatments. Significant reductions in primary metabolites show altered leaf photosynthetic and growth metabolism, resulting into a compromised plant system that cannot perform optimally.Keywords: Carotenoid, leaf metabolites, photosynthesis, protein
PURPOSE OF NURSES IN INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION IN MEDICAL MANAGEMENT. A NEW APPRAISAL

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Infection Control activity works in tandem with all healthcare disciplines to provide quality patient care through education and practical application of the principles of microbiology, epidemiology, and infection prevention and control.Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a practical, evidence-based approach that prevents patients and health workers from being harmed by avoidable infection as a result of antimicrobial resistance. No one should catch an infection while receiving health care, yet, these infections can spread through outbreaks and many regular care practices, affecting hundreds of millions of people across the world every year. Infection prevention and control is one of the first topics introduced in nursing programs, yet its main tenets are often lost or forgotten. Objectives: The main objective of these guidelines is to prevent the health care workers and the environment from the transmission of infections. The specific objectives of these guidelines are to provide directions and information in relation to facilities, equipment, and procedures necessary to implement standard and additional (transmission-based) precautions for control of infections Cleaning, disinfecting and reprocessing of reusable equipment, Waste management, Protection of health care workers from transmissible infections, Prevention of HAI in patients, Infection control practices in special situations.
Towards the semantic enrichment of Computer Interpretable Guidelines: a method for the identification of relevant ontological terms.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) contain recommendations intended to optimize patient care, produced based on a systematic review of evidence. In turn, Computer-Interpretable Guidelines (CIGs) are formalized versions of CPGs for use as decision-support systems. We consider the enrichment of the CIG by means of an OWL ontology that describes the clinical domain of the CIG, which could be exploited e.g. for the interoperability with the Electronic Health Record (EHR). As a first step, in this paper we describe a method to support the development of such an ontology starting from a CIG. The method uses an alignment algorithm for the automated identification of ontological terms relevant to the clinical domain of the CIG, as well as a web platform to manually review the alignments and select the appropriate ones. Finally, we present the results of the application of the method to a small corpus of CIGs.
[The prognosis of the outcome and the correction of the treatment in bacterial meningitis by using immunological monitoring].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinico-etiological characteristics of bacterial meningitides and cellular immunity were studied over time. Measurements were made of the phagocytic index, the phagocytic number, phagocytosis completeness, E-RFC, complementary activity of blood serum (CABS), circulating immune complexes (CIC) and IgA, IgM and IgG. The low phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytosis incompleteness, the high level of CIC, a considerable reduction on CABS were associated with a grave clinical course of bacterial meningitides. In fact, they served as indicators of the necessity of instituting intensive care (hemoperfusion, plasmapheresis, ultraviolet and laser blood radiation, the use of immunomodulators). The combined administration of sodium nucleinate, levamisole and hemodez provided rapid and efficient recovery of the characteristics under study.
Religion and human rights - compatible or conflicting?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Certain forms of “religion” undoubtedly threaten human rights. The Islamic State, for example, is an oppressor, even as its claim to genuinely reflect Islamic religious doctrine is complex and contested. Equally apparent is that religious organisations are integral to social action projects and human rights advocacy in communities across the world. But is it possible to identify any general features of the relationship between religion and human rights? Is it possible to say, for example, that religion is inherently opposed to human rights? Or does too much ride on the way those concepts are defined for there to exist a singular or definitive answer to these questions? I will argue that liberalindividualistic conceptions of human rights are bound to regard religion and group rights as a threat. However, I offer some hope of reconciliation, by suggesting ways in which religious doctrine can support the practical objectives of human rights.
Apparatus for Measurement of Stress-Strain Properties of Filaments in Tension at High Temperatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An apparatus is described which can make mechanical property measurements on single filaments at temperatures to 2500°C. It is a constant rate-of-strain machine which uses linear variable differential transformers (LVDT's) to measure filament tension and elongation. A split furnace, using graphite heating elements, completely surrounds the filament, which is cemented to graphite supporting rods with a carbonizable cement.
Mathematical model for enteric coated tablets using cellulose acetate phthalate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Enteric film coating of tablets, using cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) was studied by statistical techniques. The effect of three independent formulation variables, on disintegration time of the coated tablets in buffer of pH 6.8 and 1.8 was studied. Regression analysis of the data, resulted in two first-order polynomial equations. Applying the steepest descent procedure to the regression equations the disintegration time results were predicted at different levels of the variables.
89Zr-DFO-Isatuximab for CD38-Targeted ImmunoPET Imaging of Multiple Myeloma and Lymphomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy. It remains incurable despite the availability of novel therapeutic approaches, marking an urgent need for new agents for noninvasive targeted imaging of MM lesions. CD38 has proven to be an excellent biomarker due to its high expression in aberrant lymphoid and myeloid cells relative to normal cell populations. Using isatuximab (Sanofi), the latest FDA-approved CD38-targeting antibody, we have developed Zirconium-89(89Zr)-labeled isatuximab as a novel immunoPET tracer for the in vivo delineation of MM and evaluated the extension of its applicability to lymphomas. In vitro studies validated the high binding affinity and specificity of 89Zr-DFO-isatuximab for CD38. PET imaging demonstrated the high performance of 89Zr-DFO-isatuximab as a targeted imaging agent to delineate tumor burden in disseminated models of MM and Burkitt's lymphoma. Ex vivo biodistribution studies confirmed that high accumulations of the tracer in bone marrow and bone skeleton correspond to specific disease lesions as they are reduced to background in blocking and healthy controls. This work demonstrates the promise of 89Zr-DFO-isatuximab as an immunoPET tracer for CD38-targeted imaging of MM and certain lymphomas. More importantly, its potential as an alternative to 89Zr-DFO-daratumumab holds great clinical relevance.
Late recovery of sinus rhythm following perioperative complete atrioventricular block in a child with congenitally corrected transposition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a patient with l-transposition of the great arteries who developed perioperative complete atrioventricular block at 5 years of age in conjunction with a modified double-switch operation, but had unexpected late recovery of normal sinus rhythm months later. This case highlights that even for patients with l-transposition, which is particularly vulnerable to developing both spontaneous and perioperative complete atrioventricular block, late recovery of atrioventricular node conduction may still be possible after surgery.
Neurometrics

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To the Editor.—

We were pleased to see the discussion of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) in the MEDICAL NEWS article "New Diagnostic Technique BEAMed at Dyslexia" (1982;247:2072). We have employed a similar technique at St Francis Hospital, Miami Beach, Fla, for the past two years utilizing spectral analysis of the EEG and auditory and visualevoked test conditions. Our data, as well as similarly collected test results from five other regional centers located in New York, Kansas, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Illinois, are forwarded to a central computer and support facility in New York. This program, called "Neurometrics," permits each center to have its data analyzed in comparison with a continually updated data base. Computerobtained z scores are used to place a probability value relating regional brain electrical activity to a statistical deviation from the norm. Statistical abnormalities disclosed by these techniques are then compared against reported behavioral consequences of regional
Antibiyotik dirençlilik genlerinin salmonella enterıca serovar ınfantıs izolatlarından escherıchıa colı suşuna konjugasyonel aktarım yolu.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The usage and misusage of antibiotics in poultry, food-producing animals and human diseases have led to transmission of conjugative plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes from one microorganism to another, especially to the pathogenic bacteria. Multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, an emerging serotype in poultry, has been spreading all around the world in a decade. Moreover, commensal microorganisms such as commensal Escherichia coli in the gut microbiota, functioning as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance, of the warm-blooded hosts acquire antibiotic resistance by plasmid from Salmonella enterica serovars. The aim of this study was to identify the conjugative transfer of plasmids including multi-drug resistance genes from Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis to commensal susceptible E. coli in both of phenotypic and genotypic level. Salmonella Infantis isolates with different antibiotic resistance profiles involving streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cephalotin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline were selected as donor bacteria (n=10), while susceptible non-pathogenic E. coli isolate was used as a recipient. Applying filter paper mating procedure was used for conjugation. Transconjugant E. coli colonies were screened by phenotypic and genotypic methods. First, yellow colonies representing transconjugant E. coli colonies were determined on the selective XLD agar containing 10 μg/ml tetracycline in phenotypic level. After that, conjugation genes (i.e., traA, traE, traL, traJ, traG, traH, traI, traM, traR, traY, rfaG, rfaI, rfaJ, rfaL and rfbP), and the incompatibility group of plasmids were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genotypic level. This study contributes to recent and further studies related to the conjugative transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella and E. coli, which is an arising serious problem worldwide.
Amplitude of confidence intervals obtained by bonferroni according to the number of variables and sample size in multinormal populations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Frecuentemente los investigadores en el area de la Medicina Veterinaria disenan sus trabajos experimentales dentro del campo multivariado, lo cual implica que deben seleccionar las variables de interes y el tamano de la muestra apropiado. Sin embargo, con relacion a este ultimo aspecto no siempre es posible disponer –por diferentes limitacionesde tamanos de muestras grandes. Un aspecto importante de la inferencia estadistica es la estimacion de parametros por intervalos de confianza. En el campo multivariado, se estudio la amplitud de los intervalos de confianza. Una alternativa para calcular estos intervalos de confianza fue a traves del uso de la desigualdad de Bonferroni, la cual tiene la ventaja de garantizar un coeficiente de confianza conjunto de al menos 100(1a)%. Estos intervalos de confianza seran mas precisos cuanto mas estrechos sean. Para este estudio se consideraron tres matrices de varianzas y covarianzas S cuyas estructuras corresponden a: rij= 0,25, 0,65 y 0,85; numero de variables p=2, 3, 4 y 5 y tamanos de muestra n=10, 15, 20, 25 y 30. En cuanto a la amplitud de los intervalos obtenidos, se concluye que a medida que aumenta la correlacion entre las variables o los tamanos de las muestras los intervalos son mas estrechos. Por abstRact
Studies on in-vitro efficacy of chemicals against major fungi associated with post-harvest rot of tomato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present research work entitled “Studies on In-vitro efficacy of chemicals against major fungi associated with post-harvest rot of tomato” was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, college of Agriculture, Badnapur and Agriculture Research Station, Badnapur, Dist- Jalna (VNMKV, Parbhani ), M.S. during the year 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomised Design-CRD, with three replications and five treatments. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate effect of different chemical like boric acid, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride were tested in-vitro separately at 1% and 2% concentrations on mycelial growth of major fungi associated with tomato rot. Calcium chloride and Boric acid at both concentration 1 & 2% were found most effective in inhibit the mycelial growth of Alternaria solani, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer, while least inhibition of these fungi was observed with Potassium chloride and Sodium bicarbonate Colletotrichum gloeosporioides gave least growth in treatment of Potassium chloride and Boric acid at 1% while at 2% Calcium chloride inhibited the maximum growth of C. gloeosporioides followed by Potassium chloride, while the least average mycelial inhibition was recorded with Sodium bicarbonate and Boric acid 87.64%.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Myosin IIA and formin dependent mechanosensitivity of filopodia adhesion.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Filopodia, dynamic membrane protrusions driven by polymerization of an actin filament core, can adhere to the extracellular matrix and experience both external and cell-generated pulling forces.The role of such forces in filopodia adhesion is however insufficiently understood.Here, we study filopodia induced by overexpression of myosin X, typical for cancer cells.The lifetime of such filopodia positively correlates with the presence of myosin IIA filaments at the filopodia bases.Application of pulling forces to the filopodia tips through attached fibronectin-coated laser-trapped beads results in sustained growth of the filopodia.Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of myosin IIA abolishes the filopodia adhesion to the beads.Formin inhibitor SMIFH2, which causes detachment of actin filaments from formin molecules, produces similar effect.Thus, centripetal force generated by myosin IIA filaments at the base of filopodium and transmitted to the tip through actin core in a formin-dependent fashion is required for filopodia adhesion.
Dietary Vitamin C, E and β-Carotene Intake Does Not Significantly Affect Plasma or Salivary Antioxidant Indices and Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Older Subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is not clear whether habitual dietary intake influences the antioxidant or inflammatory status. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of antioxidative vitamins C, E, and β-carotene obtained from daily food rations on plasma and salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), uric acid and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP). The study involved 80 older subjects (66.9 ± 4.3 years), divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 43) with lower and group 2 (n = 37) with higher combined vitamins C, E and β-carotene intake. A 24-h dietary recall was obtained from each individual. TAC was assessed simultaneously with two methods in plasma (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma—FRAP, 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl—DPPH) and in saliva (FRAS and DPPHS test). Lower vitamin C intake corresponded to higher FRAS. There were no other correlations between vitamins C, E or β-carotene intake and antioxidant indices. Salivary CRP was not related to any antioxidant indices. FRAS was decreased in group 2 (p < 0.01) but no other group differences for salivary or for plasma antioxidant parameters and salivary CRP were found. Habitual, not extra supplemented dietary intake does not significantly affect plasma or salivary TAC and salivary CRP.
Abstract TP202: Association of Rs7961894 with Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of platelet function and elevated MPV was found to be an independent risk factor for death after myocardial infarct in patients with coronary artery disease. Higher MPV was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, yet there is insufficient data regarding the role of MPV as a marker of outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. The variability of platelet indices in humans is largely determined by genetic factors and rs7961894 located within intron 3 of WDR66 gene showed the strongest association with MPV in all genome wide association (GWA) studies in the European population. Aim: To determine the association of rs7961894 with MPV in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to assess whether rs7961894 and MPV could be markers of one year mortality in different stroke subtypes. Material and methods: For 426 adults with first-ever ischemic stroke MPV was measured within 72h of stroke onset and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of rs7961894 was performed accordingly (RT-PCR, Applied Biosystems). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics (including TOAST classification), laboratory findings as well as one year mortality data were collected for each participant. Results: Allele T and genotypes CT and TT of the rs7961894 polymorphism were associated with the highest (>11.5fL) MPV quartile (Chi 2 test, p<0.01). MPV was significantly higher in patients with genotype TT as compared to CT and CC genotype (12.0±0.24fL vs. 11.10±0.15fL and 10.77±0.05fL, respectively, ANOVA, p <0.005 with Tukey HSD post-hoc test, Figure 1). Conclusions: Allele T of rs7961894 polymorphism is associated with increased MPV in the recessive and dominant model and patients with genotype TT have significantly higher MPV as compared to the rest of the population study. Further analysis is currently being conducted to determine the association of MPV and rs7961894 polymorphism with one year mortality and stroke subtypes.
Effects of Pyrithioxine, EMD 17246 and Diethanolamine‐Rutin on Acute Alcoholic Intoxication in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The effects of pyrithioxine, EMD 17246 (a derivative of pyrithioxine) and a mixture of diethanolamine and rutin on acute alcoholic intoxication were tested in male Wistar rats. A standardized tilting plane test and sleeping‐time measurements were carried out. Neither pyrithioxine nor diethanolamine 4‐ rutin counteracted the depressant effect of ethanol. Administration of a single dose of diethanolamine + rutin per os two hours before testing did not markedly affect motor co‐ordination during inebriation. On the other hand motor capability was slightly better in animals pretreated orally with pyrithioxine (0.1 g/kg/ day) for one week than in control animals. Following acute oral administration of 0.005 g pyrithioxine/kg body weight there was also slightly improved performance, but larger doses (0.1 and 2.0 g/kg) made this rather worse. An injection of pyrithioxine (0.025 g/kg) or EMD 17246 (0.025 g/kg) given intra‐peritoneally together with ethanol improved motor co‐ordination. Blood ethanol concentrations were not significantly affected by pre‐treatments with the drugs. The results suggest that pyrithioxine and EMD 17246 slightly protect rats against acute alcoholic intoxication, but the effect appears to be dependent on dose level and mode of administration.
Sarcoma Induced Remotely in Rats Fed 3-Methylcholanthrene

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Repeated feeding of large but tolerable doses of 3-methylcholanthrene plus the reiterated injections in a given area of solutions of sesame oil or sodium chloride, with or without dissolved hormones, frequently evoked a fibrosarcoma at the injection site and only in this location in female albino rats.