jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving the salt tolerance of Chinese spring wheat through an evaluation of genotype genetic variation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Salinity represents a major environmental constraint to crop production across the world. Therefore, the effects of salinity on plant growth, mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants, and the screening for salt-tolerant crops have gained increasing attention of late. This study evaluated the effects of salinity on the growth of three different genotypes of Chinese spring wheat (Yongliang 4, Ba 9595 and MX 9H-15) compared to the salt-tolerant wheat genotype Sakha 93 from Egypt. All wheat genotypes were grown under greenhouse conditions under four salt levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). Our results showed that salinity reduced plant height, total leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight in all genotypes, whereas it increased the leaf SPAD value. Nevertheless, the precise impact of salinity on plant growth varied among the different growth stages and were also genotype dependent. This study confirms that Sakha 93 is the most salt tolerant among the tested genotypes in terms of plant growth and suggests that there is the potential to improve the salt tolerance of Chinese spring wheat. Achieving the latter would play an important role in increasing the yield of spring wheat in China.
Comparison of Acute Pain Syndrome after Surgical Interventions In the Nasal Cavity and Rhinoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Currently, there are very few studies aimed at assessing acute pain syndrome depending on the type of rhinosurgical intervention, which determines the relevance of this issue. Objective: to compare the intensity of acute pain syndrome after septoplasty, rhinoplasty and rhinoseptoplasty. Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients aged 18 to 45 years were examined and operated on. Patients of group 1 underwent rhinoplasty, group 2 underwent rhinoseptoplasty, and patients of group 3 underwent septoplasty. Anesthetic aid was provided using general anesthesia with 1% propofol emulsion; muscle relaxant – atracurium bezilate solution; fentanyl analgesic. Dexamethasone was used as an anti–inflammatory drug, and ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate solution was used to prevent vomiting. Infiltration anesthesia with 2% lidocaine solution was used locally during rhinoplasty, and conduction anesthesia of nerves innervating the operative area was also performed. Ketoprofen was used before and after surgery, depending on the severity of the pain syndrome. Acute pain syndrome was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a digital rating scale (CRS) 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 hours after surgery. Results: In group 1, according to the VAS scale, the pain intensity was maximum one hour after rhinoplasty (46.29 ± 3.29 mm) and then had a negative dynamics. In groups 2 and 3, the maximum pain was felt 3 hours after surgery (55.67±1.74 mm and 54.91±2.02 mm, respectively). The results of the pain syndrome assessment on the CRH scale correspond directly to the results on the VAS scale. Conclusion: Based on the results of the assessment of postoperative pain on all scales, compared with rhinoplasty, septoplasty is a more traumatic surgical intervention, and the combination of surgery (rhinoseptoplasty) in the early postoperative period provokes an increase in the intensity of pain syndrome, compared with septo- and rhinoplasty.
Vibrio owensii sp. nov., isolated from cultured crustaceans in Australia: Vibrio owensii sp. nov. species description

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two bacterial strains (DY05T and 47666-1) were isolated in Queensland, Australia, from diseased cultured crustaceans Panulirus ornatus and Penaeus monodon, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, the strains were shown to belong to the Harveyi clade of the genus Vibrio. Multilocus sequence analysis using five housekeeping genes (rpoA, pyrH, topA, ftsZ and mreB) showed that the strains form a monophyletic group with 94.4% concatenated sequence identity to the closest species. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that strains DY05T and 47666-1 had 76% DNA similarity to each other, but <70% to their closest neighbours Vibrio harveyi LMG 4044T (≤55%), Vibrio campbellii LMG 11216T (≤52%) and Vibrio rotiferianus LMG 21460T (≤46%). Strains DY05T and 47666-1 could be differentiated from their relatives on the basis of several phenotypic characteristics. The major fatty acids were C15:0 iso 2-OH and/or C16:1ω7, C16:0, C18:1ω7 and C14:0. Based on the polyphasic evidence presented here, it can be concluded that strains DY05T and 47666-1 belong to the same novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio owensii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DY05T (=JCM 16517T=ACM 5300T).
6. Chemotherapeutic studies in the acridine series. Part III. 4-Amino-, 1 : 3-, 1 : 7-, and 3 : 6-diaminoacridines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A. Albert and W. H. Linnell, J. Chem. Soc., 1938, 22 DOI: 10.1039/JR9380000022
Biomechanics of Topspin Forehand Loop in Table Tennis: An Application of OpenSim Musculoskeletal Modelling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Topspin is one of the most attacking strokes in table tennis, and topspin forehand loop is an effective way to score. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics of the lower extremities in topspin forehand loop between different levels via OpenSim Musculoskeletal Modelling. Ten elite athletes (NL1) and ten medium athletes (NL2) performed the topspin forehand loop without muscle and joint injuries. An eight-camera Vicon motion capture system was used to measure the kinematics data. During the topspin forehand loop, the forward phase (FP) and the entire phase (EP) of the NL1 were significantly shorter than that of the NL2. In the sagittal plane, NL1 significantly had greater hip and ankle flexion and extension at range of motion (ROM) but less hip flexion and knee flexion at FP and less ankle flexion at BP than NL2. In the frontal plane, NL1 displayed less ROM in the hip joint and significantly less hip abduction ROM at the backward phase (BP). In the transverse plane, NL1 had a significantly greater ROM in the hip joint and displayed significantly less hip ROM at the BP. The level differences presented in this study could help table tennis athletes to improve performance and coaches to develop technical training.
Status Survey of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) at West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

House Sparrow, the tiny bird was once a familiar bird species and was abundant around our habitats.A drastic decline of House Sparrow was observed for the past four decades.The recent surveys in 2021 also supported their decline.Non-availability of breeding spaces, reduction in the availability of food resources and indiscriminate usage of pesticides are some of the main threats for their survival.A survey was conducted across West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh to know the status of House Sparrow in the year 2014.Data was collected from the senior citizens by framing a questionnaire related to their status during 1980-90 decade to find out various factors contributing to their abundance during that decade and to compare with the present trend.The survey reported that the sparrow population has been declined by 92% in all over the district.From some villages, it has been vanished completely.The survey data revealed that availability of food resources and spaces for nest construction were decreased.
DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase from a Protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three peaks of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) activity were resolved when the enzyme was prepared from the isolated macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL(amicronucleate strain) and chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex A25. They were eluted at around 0.05, 0.15, and 0.2 M of ammonium sulfate, and termed TIa, TIb, and TII, respectively. All three enzymes transcribed heat-denatured DNA more efficiently, especially the peak TII, detecable only when heat-denatured DNA was used as a template. Further characterization of each enzyme, after they were rechromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex, demonstrated the similarity in many respects of TIa and TIb, and the distinct nature of the TII enzyme. TIa, TIb, and TII were all insensitive to rifampicin, while only TII was substantially inhibited by alpha-amanitin. On the other hand, the activity of TII was progressively lowered by increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the assay mixture, a finding incompatible with those obtained thus far. It is concluded from the data that the Tetrahymena polymerase is of eukaryotic and not of bacterial type in spite of the findings indicating the bacterial nature of this organism.
Divine intentions and the problem of evil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I develop a model of providence on which God brings about good states of affairs by means of evil states of affairs, but without intending the latter. The model's key ingredient is a backward-looking counterpart of the distinction between intended and merely foreseen consequences of an action: namely, a distinction between intended and merely foreseen means to an end. The model enables greater-good theodicies to avoid worries about whether a perfect being could intend evil.
The Dual Phenomenon in Imperfect Fungi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY 1. When some 900 isolates from 30 genera of imperfect fungi were analyzed by the single-spore series method it was found that more than 50% of them were dual, i.e. were composed of two culturally distinct individuals. This condition is referred to as the “dual phenomenon.”2. Such dual fungi when single spored give rise to three culture types: One producing abundant mycelium and few conidia is called the M (mycelial) type, another producing many conidia and relatively less mycelium is termed the C (conidial) type and a third type in general intermediate between M and C in cultural characters is named MC suggesting that it is composed of the other two types.3. M and C when single-spored give rise to M and C types only, whereas when MC is single spored it gives rise to all three types. When the homotypes M and C are grown together in mixed culture they combine, presumably by the mechanism of anastomosis, and produce the MC type which upon single sporing again gives rise to all three types M, C and MC.4. The above indicates that the dual phenomenon is due to heterocaryosis i.e. that individual cells and individual spores of dual fungi contain two genetically distinct types of nuclei, this is further substantiated by the relative difficulty or ease with which the homotypes M and C are separated from MC heterotypes having multi, bi or mainly uninucleate spores.5. The frequency with which the dual phenomenon is observed to occur in imperfect fungi suggests that duality may be the natural condition for many of them.
Ecological Capacity of a Traditional Agricultural Area based on Ecological Footprint:A Case Study of Qingtian County,Zhejiang Province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Qingtian County in Zhejiang Province has a long history of raising fish in rice paddies and has been maintaining this traditional rice-fish system,which is an example of both traditional ecological agriculture and distinctive cultural heritage,so it was selected by FAO as a pilot site for the rice-fish agricultural heritage system in 2005.The research presented in this article uses ecological footprint and biocapacity as indicators to monitor environmental conditions and analyse the ecological capacity of Qingtian County in 2003,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for the protection of this agricultural heritage site as well as valuable experience for the development of modern agricultural areas.Among the notable results was that,as opposed to zhejiang province China,the world and other agricultural regions,Qingtian County is characterised by a nearly breakeven total ecological balance,meaning that almost the entire local demand for natural resources can be supplied locally.Specifically,the biocapacity per capita of Qingtian County was 0.6898 ha,with cropland and forest comprising almost 93%of the total,while fishing grounds and grazing land contributing very little.Biocapacity per capita of Qingtian County is much lower than that of China and the world,totalling 86.2%of the national average and 38.8%of the global average,but it was not far off the provincial average.Qingtian County,as a typical traditional agricultural area,had a moderate biocapacity which did not differ greatly from that of other intensive agricultural areas in China.Qingtian County,although its biocapacity was not high enough,could better maintain an ecological balance than other agricultural areas due to its low ecological footprint per capita,which was only 0.6952 ha.
Specific Gravity of Glycerol1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecific Gravity of Glycerol1L. W. Bosart and A. O. SnoddyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1928, 20, 12, 1377–1379Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50228a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50228a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Stability Study of the Accident of a General Aviation Aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In April 2014 an aircraft accident occurred at Jämijärvi aerodrome when a Comp Air 8 aircraft crashed into the woods. According to the scenario of the investigation report, the pilot reduced the engine power in such a way that the thrust became negative. Simultaneously the prop-washed kinetic pressure of the tail was reduced, which rapidly evoked a nose-down moment and a corresponding angular velocity. This led to a negative angle of attack and a large negative wing load and finally resulted in a wing strut buckling and the wing folding toward the aircraft’s body. In this study, six degree-of-freedom (6-dof) simulations are carried out for the aircraft to assess the supposed accident scenario. The simulations show that the proposed mechanism is possible, but there existed other potential courses of events after the thrust adjustment.
BASiCS workflow: a step-by-step analysis of expression variability using single cell RNA sequencing data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Files used in the generation of the manuscript "BASiCS workflow: a step-by-step analysis of expression variability using single cell RNA sequencing data". These files are MCMC chains generated using BASiCS, gene annotations, and scripts used to generate these files. "chain_(naive|active).Rds" files are MCMC chains for the active and naive cell populations in the manuscript. "chain_naive_nospikes.Rds" is an MCMC chain for naive cells run using BASiCS with the WithSpikes=FALSE setting. "chains.R" and "Makefile" were used to generate these files using the docker image "alanocallaghan/bocker:0.1.0", hosted on hub.docker.com Alternatively, "Dockerfile" can be used to create an equivalent image. "TableRef_naive_nospikes.txt" is a table containing the frequency that each gene was used as a reference gene during the generation of "chain_naive_nospikes.Rds".
Transition Accounting for India in a Multi-Sector Dynamic General Equilibrium Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using a quantitative methodology designed specifically for emerging economies, we measure the components of India's economic growth over the period 1960-2005. Our approach accounts for time-varying parameters, transitional dynamics and non-linear trends. We find that increased productivity in the service sector, facilitated by a structural shift toward services, is the principal driver of India's economic growth. Our measures also suggest that the allocation of inputs across sectors has not improved over this period, and in the case of labor appears to have significantly worsened. We further find that fluctuations in output around its trend are due primarily to fluctuations in sector-specific total factor productivity, with fluctuations in labor market distortions and labor taxes also playing important roles. In the period 1960-1980, productivity fluctuations in the agricultural sector are the dominant source of cycles. Since then, productivity fluctuations in the manufacturing and service sectors have been more important.
Lesions of the Seminal Vesicles and their MRI Characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past few decades, MRI of the prostate has made great strides in improving cancer detection and is being embraced by more clinicians each day. This article aims to review the imaging characteristics of common and uncommon, but consequential lesions involving the seminal vesicles (SV), as seen predominantly on MRI. Many of these findings are seen incidentally during imaging of the prostate. Anatomy and embryology of the SV will be described which will help illustrate the associations of abnormalities seen. Congenital, infectious, neoplastic, and tumor mimics will be explored in detail, with discussion on clinical presentation and treatment strategies.
Effect of Chain Transport in the Secondary Surface Nucleation Based Flux Theory and in the Lauritzen−Hoffman Crystal Growth Rate Formalism

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A previous study (Snyder, C. R.; Marand, H.; Mansfield, M. L. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7508) by the authors suggested that, within the context of the Lauritzen−Hoffman secondary surface nucleation theory, the apportionment factor for the free energy of crystallization (ψLH) and the retardation factor due to transport of chain segments (βLH) may differ for placement of the first vs all subsequent stems. In this manuscript, we investigate the consequences of this treatment on the crystal growth rate of polyethylene in regimes I, II, and III. It has been impossible so far to find an analytical solution for the secondary nucleation rate, i, and the average lamellar thickness, 〈l〉, when the apportionment and the retardation factors for the first stem (ψ' and β') are treated as being different from those used for all subsequent stems (ψ and β). It is shown in this work that approximate solutions, which cover most conditions, can be obtained by assuming two extreme cases. In the first case, it is assumed that the rate constant for initial stem removal (B1) is larger than the difference between the rate constants for subsequent stem placement and removal (A − B); i.e. A − B ≪ B1. Such an approximation leads to the conclusion that the crystal growth rate in regimes I and II is only dependent upon the retardation factor for subsequent stem placement. In the second case, it is demonstrated that if (A − B) ≫ B1, the resulting flux equation is valid over most other circumstances where the first assumption (B1 ≫ A − B) does not hold. This leads to the conclusion that the crystal growth rate in regime I is only dependent upon the path followed for initial stem placement whereas in regime II it is dependent upon both the initial and subsequent stem placement paths. Conversely, it is shown, without any assumption regarding the relative magnitudes of β' and β, that in regime III the crystal growth rate is dependent upon the path of initial stem placement and independent of the path of subsequent stem placement. Under these conditions, the molecular weight dependency of the crystal growth rate in regimes I and II vs III may differ substantially. Finally, some remarks are given on the consequences of this approach for the crystallization of other polymers at larger undercoolings than encountered for poly(ethylene).
Zika Virus Infection and Differential Diagnosis in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) emergence in South America revealed the lack of knowledge regarding clinical manifestations in HIV-infected individuals. Objectives: We described the clinical characteristics, laboratory manifestations, differential diagnosis, and outcome of ZIKV infection in a large, single-center cohort of HIV-infected patients. Methods: HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspected arboviral disease from an ongoing cohort were followed from February 2015 through December 2015. Acute serum samples were tested for ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, anti-DENV immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG, and syphilis assays; convalescent samples were tested for anti-DENV IgM/IgG; and urine samples were tested for ZIKV by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. ZIKV disease was defined according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) guidelines. Results: Of 101 patients, ZIKV was confirmed in 43 cases and suspected in 34, and another diagnosis was assumed for 24 patients (dengue, secondary/latent syphilis, respiratory infections, human parvovirus B19, adverse drug reaction, musculoskeletal disorders, and acute gastroenteritis). ZIKV-confirmed and ZIKV-suspected patients reported similar signs and symptoms. Pruritic rash was the most common symptom, followed by myalgia, nonpurulent conjunctivitis, arthralgia, prostration, and headache. In the short-term follow-up [median 67.5 days (interquartile range: 32–104.5)], CD4 cell count ( Z = −0.831, P = 0.406) and HIV viral load ( Z = −0.447, P = 0.655) did not change significantly after ZIKV infection. There were no hospitalizations, complications, or deaths. Conclusions: Among HIV-infected patients with suspected arboviral disease, 42.6% were ZIKV-infected. CD4 cell counts and HIV viral load were not different after ZIKV infection. Differential diagnosis with other diseases and adverse drug reaction should be evaluated.