jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of heat pumps models: comparative study between equation-fit and refrigerant cycle based models

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An equation-fit (EF) and a refrigerant cycle (RC) based heat pump models have been implemented, validated, analyzed and compared to each other under steady state conditions for a brine to water heat
pump. Models validations have been provided through comparisons against experimental data obtained at ISFH. The advantages and disadvantages of the both models have been identified. This work provides significant inputs regarding the selection of a specific model depending on the needs. Analysis of mass flow rates and calculations far from typical catalogue data (non-standard conditions) are provided. The
main conclusions can be summarized as: i) the EF model is recommended when the boundary conditions for the estimation and prediction modes are the same and when non-standard conditions are considered;
ii) the RC model is the chosen alternative when the mass flow rates are modified from the estimation to the prediction mode.
Heat wave Characteristics in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East using Extreme Value Theory

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Heat waves in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East can have large socioeconomic impacts. We apply a newly developed statistical framework, based on the extreme value theory, to study the characteristics of heat waves in the region during the period 1973-2010 using data from 15 measurement stations across the region. The analysis shows increasing trends in the highest daytime temperatures in the Persian Gulf region in summer. Increasing trends in the number of heat waves are found at all stations, whereas the maximum temperature during heat waves is found unchanged, implying no change in their intensity. Furthermore, no significant trends in the heat wave duration are observed. Return levels are calculated for the individual hot days and found to be very high in the Persian Gulf region.
Hsa‐miR‐27a‐3p and epidermal growth factor receptor expression analysis in glioblastoma FFPE samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive type of glial tumors. MicroRNAs as the small, noncoding RNAs have been revealed that play an important role in tumorigenic processes. So, they may be used as potential biomarkers for detection and prognosis of cancers at the early stages. In addition, they can be applied as therapeutic targets. In the present study, the expression levels of hsa‐miR‐27a‐3p and EGFR were investigated in GBM. Methods Real‐time RT‐PCR was applied to evaluate hsa‐miR‐27a‐3p and EGFR expressions in the formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue samples obtained from 50 GBM and 50 normal people. Results The expression level of hsa‐miR‐27a‐3p and EGFR was significantly different between cases and controls. Positive association was found between gene expressions and immunohistochemistry markers, such as Ki67 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, except for IDH1 status. Conclusion We showed the association of hsa‐miR‐27a‐3p and EGFR with GBM and it can be concluded that they have a promising potential to use as primary cancer biomarkers.
A Study on the Relationship between Uncoupling Protein‐1 (UCP‐1) Genotype and LDL Cholesterol Level in Korean Elementary Boys and Girls

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP‐1) plays a major role in thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of A‐3826G polymorphism of UCP‐1 gene on the obesity parameters with plasma lipid profiles in 115 Korean elementary subjects aged 8–11 years. Anthropometry, body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), dietary assessments (24 hours recall method) and UCP‐1 genotyping (PCR‐RFLP method) were done. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, insulin and c‐peptide were measured by auto‐biochemical analyzer. The frequencies of UCP‐1 genotype were AA type; 17.7%, AG type; 56.6% and GG type; 25.7%. After sex, age and fat intake were adjusted, weight, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass and BMR were significantly higher in AA type compared with AG type. The plasma levels of fasting glucose and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in AG type compared with AA type (p<0.05). When logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the risk factors of hyper‐ LDLcholesterolemia (>130mg/dL), the prevalence increased of odds ratios from 1.0 ORs for A allele to 6.919 (CI, 1.414–33.859) ORs for G allele of UCP‐1 gene. Therefore, our results suggest that the G allele of UCP‐1 gene was stronger risk factors in hyer‐LDLcholesterolemia than A allele.
Partial epineural burying of nerve grafts with different sizes next to or distant from neurorrhaphy?s site: histological and electrophysiological studies in rat sciatic nerves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to compare and correlate histologically and electromyographically the effects of partial epineural burying of sural nerve segments in sectioned and sutured rat sciatic nerves. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were operated on 3 groups: Group 1, sural nerve graft, 9mm long, placed next to neurorrhaphy; Group 2, sural nerve graft, 9mm long, buryied 10mm distant from neurorrhaphy; Group 3, sural nerve graft, 18mm long, set next to neurorrhaphy. The morphological features were examined at light microscope after 3 months in 45 rats. The elements observed were: vascularization, vacuoles in nerve fibers, mastocytes and inflammatory infiltrate. The morphometry was made after 6 months in 15 rats from Group 1, 2 and 3, measuring external nerve fiber diameters and counting myelinated nerve fibers/mm². The electrophysiological study was perfomed after 6 months, registering maximum amplitude and frequency of EMG pontentials, at rest, in extensor digitorum longus muscle. Group 3 rats presented sciatic nerves better conserved morphologically and mean external nerve fiber diameters greater than those from Groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in density of nerve fibers/mm², and in the electrophysiological study in rats from Group 1, 2 and 3. The epineural burying of sural nerve grafts with greater length and placed next to the neurorrhaphy?s site had a significantly better regeneration of the histological features than the smaller ones distant from neurorrhaphy.
A Model for Structuring Training Activities ‐‐ A Personal View

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article reports on a model for structuring training activities. It is based on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, and has implications for the teaching methods used; the duration of sessions; the participation of participants; and the role‐changes of everyone involved. The model was devised for presenting to academic staff, to facilitate their learning in workshop‐style activities on teaching and learning, by helping them to appreciate what to expect at the various stages and why. It should be equally profitable, however, used with participants from other backgrounds in other training activities.
Hox signals death for neuronal precursors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

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Preventing apoptosis (right) enables an NSC (outlined) to make more neurons than usual.

Gould/Elsevier

The number of neurons in an adult fly is determined by a death-inducing blast of a homeodomain protein, based on results from Bruno Bello, Frank Hirth, and Alex Gould (
Detection and viral nucleotide sequence analysis of transfusion‐transmitted virus infection in acute fulminant and non‐fulminant hepatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The impact of transfusion‐transmitted virus (TTV) infection on acute fulminant and non‐fulminant hepatitis is unclear. In this study, serum samples from 164 patients with acute hepatitis of various aetiologies, from 34 asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers and from 202 healthy adults were tested for TTV DNA by the semiconserved nested polymerase chain reaction. TTV viraemia was prevalent in patients with acute hepatitis C, in patients with acute hepatitis D virus superinfection and in patients with non‐A–E hepatitis (27–30%) but the incidence was not significantly different from that of healthy controls (31 of 202, 15.3%). There were no significant differences in gender, age, presence of hepatitis G virus, the occurrence of fulminant hepatitis, or in serum albumin, bilirubin or alanine aminotransferase levels (9/30 vs 35/134) between patients with or without TTV viraemia. Seven of the nine TTV‐positive patients with fulminant hepatitis were co‐infected with hepatitis C, D or E. TTV clones from 18 subjects, with or without fulminant hepatitis, were sequenced and analysed phylogenetically. Eleven (61.1%) belonged to TTV group 1, six (33.3%) to TTV group 2 and one to TTV group 3. No particular strain of TTV was associated with fulminant hepatitis. In summary, in Taiwan, TTV is prevalent in the general population as well as in patients with liver diseases. TTV plays an insignificant role in acute fulminant and non‐fulminant hepatitis. Its influence on outcome requires a longitudinal study.
Isolation of Parasitoid Wasp Venom v1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This protocol has been developed for the efficient isolation and purification of whole venom from parasitoid wasps. Venom purified through this protocol is suitable for use in biochemical and cell biological assays, and for characterization by mass spectrometry. Venom is typically isolated from 50-100 female wasps, depending on the needs for the downstream application.
Environmental Sustainability for Strategic Planning Effectiveness and Organizational Improvement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations are continuously pushed to be more competitive, with a broader strategic planning framework that deals with sustainable dilemmas and creates new demands for inclusion. This study aims to investigate the relationship between environmental responsibility and workforce retention, as well as the role of environmental responsibility in strategic planning. The findings of this research will contribute to a greater understanding of how social responsibility can improve employee retention and lead to a more efficient and effective outcome. Using a quantitative method, we surveyed n = 311 respondents and conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases to gather relevant information on the topic. The findings of this study will provide insights into how social responsibility can improve employee retention and enhance organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The results address the value of implementing environmental guidelines in strategic planning, the contribution of top management, and pro-environmental policies with the intention to apply them, and encourage the sharing of knowledge and best practices.
“Our Nation is Dying”: Interpreting Patterns of Childbearing in Post-Soviet Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explains about interpreting patterns of childbearing in post-soviet Russia and challenges of the view that the economic crises have caused the decline in Russian births. The medical approach to childbearing in Russia emphasizes the cultural desirability of early childbearing. This cultural-medical construction of appropriate childbearing age is hard to understand in light of the extreme concern most Russians, including birth professionals, express about the low birthrate. Viewing Russia's birthrate in the context of falling European birthrates changes the usual discourse. Instead of an indication of economic pathology, the below replacement birthrate in Russia can be seen as part of demographic trends in industrialized countries. Just as Russian medical professionals define 18-28 years old as the most appropriate and healthy ages for giving birth to children, Russian grandparents also contribute to the cultural discourse about appropriate childbearing ages. Low life expectancies, true for both men and women, dramatically influence the availability of grandparent-provided childcare.
Aspect of Microbial Sources for Pharmaceuticals; Past, Present & Future

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Today, microbiology is a major participant in the global pharmaceutical and neutraceutical industry.The microbes keep on producing novel metabolites as they move into the diverse ecological units.Natural products with industrial applications can be produced from primary or secondary metabolism of living organisms (plants, animals or microorganisms).Owing to technical improvements in screening programs, and separation and isolation techniques, the number of natural compounds discovered exceeds 1 million.Among them, 50-60% are produced by plants (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, etc.) and 5% have a microbial origin.Of all the reported natural products, approximately 20-25% show biological activity, and of these approximately 10% have been obtained from microbes.Furthermore, from the 22500 biologically active compounds that have been obtained so far from microbes.From the biologically active compounds that have been obtained so far from microbes, 45 % are produced by actinomycetes, 38 % by fungi and 17 % by unicellular bacteria.However, the development of resistance in microbes and tumour cells has become a major problem and requires much research effort to combat it.Microbes have always been a better resource for getting lead molecule with novel scaffold to overcome any such limitation of existing drugs.The significance and frequency of these main types of microbes as producers of bioactive metabolites had varied significantly during the last decades.
Self‐esteem, perception of relationships, and emotional distress: A cross‐cultural study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examined the relative importance of self‐esteem, family cohesion, and support from friends in predicting depressed mood and anxiety in Japanese and American college students. Contrary to expectations, self‐esteem was the strongest predictor of emotional distress in both groups of students. Nevertheless, consistent with predictions derived from Markus and Kitayama's theory of self‐construals, family cohesion accounted for a significantly larger percentage of the variance in predicting emotional distress in Japan than in the United States. In both countries, the relations between support from friends and the measures of emotional distress were entirely mediated by self‐esteem. However, among Japanese students, family cohesion accounted for additional significant variance in predicting the measures of emotional distress, even after controlling for self‐esteem.
Feature Based No-Reference Perceptual Depth Assessment Model for Mobile 3D Video Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Depth perception is one of the most important characteristics which separate 3D videos from traditional 2D videos. In this work, a feature based no-reference perceptual depth assessment model has been proposed for symmetric and asymmetric coded stereoscopic videos. This model extracts disparity and temporal features to evaluate the perceived depth of mobile 3D videos. The disparity feature is estimated by using block based structural similarity index between the corresponding blocks of left and right view and for temporal feature the jerkiness is estimated between the consecutive frames for both left and right view. The estimated features are then combined to give a single predicted score. The performance of the model is verified by subjective experiment data. The result indicates that the prediction performance of the proposed model is satisfactory.
The Real-World Impact of OnabotulinumtoxinA on Headache-Related ER Visits and Hospitalizations in the Management of Chronic Migraine (S23.004)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of onabotulinumtoxinA on headache-related emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations in the general US chronic migraine (CM) population.
BACKGROUND:
OnabotulinumtoxinA, the only prophylactic approved specifically for CM, has a well-established efficacy and safety profile. Real-world data on the impact of onabotulinumtoxinA on resource utilization related to migraine headaches among CM patients is limited.
DESIGN/METHODS:
A retrospective claims analysis was undertaken using Truven MarketScan ® Databases (January 2008 - September 2013), which comprised US commercial, Medicare supplemental, and Medicaid claims for over 115 million unique patients. Patients 蠅18 years old, newly diagnosed with CM and who initiated onabotulinumtoxinA on or after their diagnosis were included. Patients were required to stay persistent on onabotulinumtoxinA throughout the follow-up period. Headache related ER visits and hospitalizations were counted for each patient during 6, 9, and 12 months before and after initiation of onabotulinumtoxinA and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences pre-and post-treatment were evaluated using McNemar’s chi-square test. Robustness of the results was tested by stratifying the number of oral migraine prophylactics (antidepressants, beta-blockers, anticonvulsants) tried prior to initiating onabotulinumtoxinA.
RESULTS:
Overall, 123,010 CM patients were identified, of which 2,830 (6 months), 1,512 (9 months), and 829 (6 months) met our inclusion criteria. In the 6-month cohort, the number of patients with 蠅1 headache-related ER visit decreased by 33[percnt] (pre-onabotulinumtoxinA, n=409 vs post-onabotulinumtoxinA, n=275; P P <0.001). Results were similar for the 9- and 12-month cohorts and remained statistically significant in almost all analyses. Results were also robust, for each cohort, when stratified by the number of oral migraine prophylactics tried prior to onabotulinumtoxinA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Prophylactic use of onabotulinumtoxinA significantly reduced headache-related ER visits and hospitalizations in the general CM population.
Support: Allergan Disclosure: Dr. Hepp has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. as an employee. Dr. Rosen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Varon has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. Dr. Gillard has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. as an employee. Dr. Chia has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan as an employee. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. Dr. Dodick has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Amgen, Arteaus, Alder, Merck, ENeura, NuPathe, Colucid, Eli Lilly & Company, Autonomic Technologies, Supernus, Zogenix, Tonix, Labrys, Alcobra, Intramed, Haymarket Medical Educati
Kekuatan Pemasaran Digital: Analisis Dampak Iklan, Celebrity Endorsement, Dan Influencer Marketing Terhadap Niat Beli Konsumen

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effects of various digital marketing strategies, including social media advertising, celebrity endorsements, and influencer marketing, on consumer purchase intentions within the Indonesian cosmetics industry, with a specific focus on the Scarlett cosmetics brand. In the ever-evolving digital landscape characterized by intense competition, understanding the most effective marketing techniques deployed on social media platforms is crucial. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing a case study framework with three informants as the primary subjects. In-depth interviews were conducted, guided by research objectives and contextual background. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively to identify patterns, themes, and perspectives emerging from the informants' insights. The findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of each digital marketing tactic in influencing consumer purchase intentions. Notably, this qualitative methodology facilitates a deeper understanding of how digital marketing tactics impact real-world consumer intentions. The informants' practical insights shed light on the underlying meanings and contexts of the research outcomes. This study serves as a foundation for organizations seeking to select the most suitable digital marketing methods to enhance consumer purchase intentions, particularly on the Instagram platform. It is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this research, primarily its exclusive focus on the cosmetics industry in Indonesia. Future research initiatives should aim to explore variations across different social media platforms and expand the geographical scope to achieve a more comprehensive comprehension of the subject matter.
4. Food allergy in childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Food allergies in children present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal symptoms (such as vomiting, diarrhoea and failure to thrive). Symptoms usually begin in the first 2 years of life, often after the first known exposure to the food. Immediate reactions (occurring between several minutes and 2 hours after ingestion) are likely to be IgE-mediated and can usually be detected by skin prick testing (SPT) or measuring food-specific serum IgE antibody levels. Over 90% of IgE-mediated food allergies in childhood are caused by eight foods: cows milk, hens egg, soy, peanuts, tree nuts (and seeds), wheat, fish and shellfish. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening form of IgE-mediated food allergy that requires prescription of self-injectable adrenaline. Delayed-onset reactions (occurring within several hours to days after ingestion) are often difficult to diagnose. They are usually SPT negative, and elimination or challenge protocols are required to make a definitive diagnosis. These forms of food allergy are not usually associated with anaphylaxis. The mainstay of diagnosis and management of food allergies is correct identification and avoidance of the offending antigen. Children often develop tolerance to cows milk, egg, soy and wheat by school age, whereas allergies to nuts and shellfish are more likely to be lifelong.
Liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal malignancies: when is the big day?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumor tissue sample is currently the gold standard for diagnosing gastrointestinal cancers, but also for genomic/immune component analyses that can help in the selection of therapy. However, this approach of studying a 'representative' sample of the tumor does not address inherent heterogeneity. Liquid biopsies, mainly represented by circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, tumor exosomes, and microRNAs, have the potential to assess various biomarkers for early detection of cancer, carrying out genomic/immune profiling for not only selection of appropriate therapy but also to monitor effect of therapy. Areas covered: This review summarizes the current evidence in the literature on liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal cancers concerning diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. The following terms were used in PubMed: 'esophageal', 'gastric', 'colorectal', 'cancer', 'circulating tumor cells', 'circulating tumor DNA', microRNA', 'diagnosis', 'prognosis', 'response', 'resistance'. Expert commentary: Data increasingly supports the potential of liquid biopsies for early detection, selection of therapy, and monitoring response to therapy. One major question is whether assaying various components of the blood would accommodate considerable context-dependent heterogeneity of gastrointestinal tumors. There are many potential strategies to exploit liquid biopsy use. To put them in to perspective, well-designed and meticulous prospective studies will be needed to prove their usefulness.