jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative theory of power spectrum in complex systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The power spectrum analysis of spectral fluctuations in complex wave and quantum systems has emerged as a useful tool for studying their internal dynamics. In this paper, we formulate a nonperturbative theory of the power spectrum for complex systems whose eigenspectra -- not necessarily of the random-matrix-theory (RMT) type -- posses stationary level spacings. Motivated by potential applications in quantum chaology, we apply our formalism to calculate the power spectrum in a tuned circular ensemble of random $N \times N$ unitary matrices. In the limit of infinite-dimensional matrices, the exact solution produces a universal, parameter-free formula for the power spectrum, expressed in terms of a fifth Painlevé transcendent. The prediction is expected to hold universally, at not too low frequencies, for a variety of quantum systems with completely chaotic classical dynamics and broken time-reversal symmetry. On the mathematical side, our study brings forward a conjecture for a double integral identity involving a fifth Painlevé transcendent.
Multi‐Cereal Beverage Fermented by Lactobacillus Helveticus and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A novel multi‐cereal‐based fermented beverage with suitable aroma, flavor, and pH fermented by lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was developed. Twenty‐seven lactobacilli strains were screened for acid production (pH and titratable acidity) in a mixture of malt, rice, and maize substrates. It was found that Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.9204 had the greatest acid production among 27 lactobacilli tested. The fermentation performance of L. helveticus KLDS1.9204 was also assayed and the fermentation parameters were optimized using Plackett–Burman design and steepest ascent method. L. helveticus KLDS1.9204 showed good proteolytic capability, however, the strain could not utilize starch. The optimum substrate consisted of 50% malt (25 g/100 mL), 25% rice (20 g/100 mL), and 25% maize (30 g/100 mL). The inoculum was 5% with a ratio of S. cerevisiae to L. helveticus KLDS1.9204 of 2.5:1. The optimum temperature was 37 °C and the time was 22 h. Lastly, the quality of the multi‐cereal‐based fermented beverage was evaluated. This beverage was light yellow, transparent, and it tasted well with a pleasant acid and a unique flavor of cereals. The beverage was rich in free amino acids and organic acids. The pH and titratable acidity of the beverage were 3.5 and 29.86 °T, respectively. The soluble solids content of the beverage was 6.5 °Brix, and the alcohol content was 0.67%.
Konsep Fatwa dan Cabaran Penguatkuasaannya di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fatwa is an explanation on Islamic ruling, which is needed by local society in facing new issues, as a solution in accordance with Shariah. It also plays a vital role to clarify the confusions and misunderstandings that happen in Muslim community. The solutions offered by Fatwa would satisfy the curiosity and internal feeling of Muslim in their daily life. This article will discuss the concept of fatwa and the challenges of its enforcement according to 'The Administration of Islamic Law (Federal Territory) Act'. Besides, the writer would also identify the relevant authority body which has been given power by the aforementioned Act to enforce the issued fatwa. The article would try to reveal some problems and challenges in enforcing fatwa. Based on writer's observation, the standard of fatwa enforcement in Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur is still below the normal level as it should to be. The number of officers in the Enforcement Division of Islamic Department is inadequate to make the fatwa as effective law. Hopefully, this article would give a clear picture to Muslim community on the reality of fatwa enforcement in Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Abstrak Fatwa merupakan pemberitahuan sesuatu hukum kepada masyarakat setempat yang diperlukan dalam menghadapi persoalan semasa yang memerlukan kepada penyelesaian yang menepati tuntutan agama. Fatwa juga memainkan peranan penting menyelesaikan kekeliruan dan kekusutan yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam. Sebarang kekeliruan dan masalah yang timbul dapat diatasi dengan fatwa, dan ini seterusnya sudah tentu akan memberikan satu kepuasan kepada umat Islam setempat dan seterusnya mereka akan dapat melakukan aktiviti harian dengan baik dan sempurna. Artikel ini akan membincangkan konsep fatwa dan cabaran penguatkuasaannya setelah diwartakan berdasarkan kepada akta pentadbiran undang-undang Islam Wilayah Persekutuan. Di samping itu, penulis akan mengenalpasti pihak yang bertangungjawab dalam menguatkuasakan sesuatu fatwa itu setelah diwartakan. Hasil daripada artikel ini penulis mendapati penguatkuasaan fatwa di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur masih di tahap yang rendah dan lemah. Antaranya adalah disebabkan beberapa kekangan yang dihadapi oleh Bahagian Penguatkuasaan, Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan terutama dari segi bilangan kakitangan yang tidak mencukupi dan kaedah penyebaran fatwa kepada masyarakat yang tidak sistematik dan tersusun. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberi gambaran kepada masyarakat Islam tentang perlaksanaan penguatkuasaan fatwa di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur secara khususnya dan pihak- pihak yang berkenaan dalam meningkatkan peranan fatwa dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah yang timbul secara umumnya.
The dataset system of Economic Dispute handwritten (DSEDH) based on stroke shape and structure features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Handwritten identification is a technique of automatic person identification play important role in economic dispute case. In this paper, we propose a new dataset system of Economic Dispute handwritten (DSEDH) based on stroke shape and structure Features. The system consists of CIMS, CPIS, HMS, HIS Subsystem, segmentation of character, recognition of handwritten, this system with high efficiency and accuracy of compute. This system is running on integration of VC++, MATLAB. Database is Microsoft SQL Server. By this DSEDH system, management data of Economic Dispute handwritten can be obtained accurately. system offers a new efficient method for management of handwritten.
Geodesically complete universes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Singularity theorems demonstrate the inevitable breakdown of the concept of continuous, classical spacetime under highly general conditions. Quantum gravity is expected to intervene to avoid singularities, and models so far hint toward several regularized geometries, in which limited spacetime regions requiring full quantum gravitational description can be safely covered by an extension of some suitable spacetime geometry. Motivated by these premises, in recent years, a systematic, quantum gravity agnostic study has been carried out to catalog all the conceivable nonsingular, continuous, and globally hyperbolic geometries arising from evading Penrose's focusing theorem in gravitational collapse. In this study, we extend this inquiry by systematically examining all potential nonsingular, continuous, and globally hyperbolic extensions into the past of Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metrics. As in the black-hole case, our investigation reveals a remarkably limited set of alternative scenarios. The stringent requisites of homogeneity and isotropy drastically restrict the viable singularity-free geometries to merely three discernible nonsingular cosmological spacetimes: a bouncing universe (where the scale factor reaches a minimum in the past before reexpanding), an emergent universe (where the scale factor reaches and maintains a constant value in the past), and an asymptotically emergent universe (where the scale factor diminishes continually, asymptotically approaching a constant value in the past). We also discuss the implications of these findings for the initial conditions of our Universe, and the arrow of time.
Immunomodulatory Study of Different Solvent Extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim and objective of present study is that to provide a scientific evidence for the immunomodulatory potential of Elephantopus scaber in vivo. The immunomodulatory activity was performed in petroleum ether, solvent ether, methanol and aqueous extract of aerial part and root of E. scaber by using models such as delayed type hypersensitivity, humoral antibody response to SRBC and carbon clearance test for phagocytic activity in Wistar rat. The observation and results of present study suggested that among the total 8 extract, only the petroleum ether and solvent ether aerial part extract of E. scaber significantly decreased in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), humoral antibody (HA) titre and phagocytic index thereby indicating significant immunosuppressant activity in experimental animals.
Bush-lost children’s place in new ‘moral communities’: the emergence of a cultural rite in colonial Victoria (and across Australia), 1850s–1890s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the 1850s goldrush, new communities emerged in Victoria with members from diverse origins of place, faith and ethnicity. Settlers usually migrated to pursue wealth; however, the social cohesion these young towns required often came from beyond logics of economy. As the goldrush waned from the 1860s, communal searches for children lost in the bush became a secular ‘rite’ that helped produce ‘moral communities’, which articulated shared values through common beliefs and social practices associated with lost children. Entire segments of communities would gather, suspend economic pursuits and search for lost children, often for days or weeks at a time. The euphoria of finding the child alive, or the solemn reverie when the child perished, forged communal goodwill through shared sentiment. The rite of the search became disseminated through newspapers, literature and word-of-mouth, while the ‘bush’ – a construction referring to various landscapes in Australia – enabled readers to participate in the searches remotely, as part of an imagining and feeling community in the colonies’ various climates. In the gradually secularising settler colonies of Australia in the late nineteenth century, lost children functioned as a fulcrum on which communities could pivot, while establishing social cohesion and communal belonging.
Design Guidelines for Limited Feedback in the Spatially Correlated Broadcast Channel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A linear beamformer design for the broadcast channel where the base station is equipped with Nt antennas and signals to M = 2 users (each with a single antenna) and where the vector channels are spatially correlated is considered. This problem is of relevance in wireless standardization efforts where two users are simultaneously scheduled (instead of the theoretically feasible Nt user scheduling) to minimize signaling overhead. The users are assumed to have perfect channel state information (CSI), whereas the base station has statistical information of the channels. In the first part of this work, the role of the relevance of feedback is studied via the quantification of the gap in ergodic sum-rate between the perfect CSI and statistics-only extremes. In this direction, the importance of orthogonality of the dominant eigenmodes of the two users in maximizing the gap is established. In the second part of this work, in scenarios with a large gap, limited feedback beamforming codebooks and a codeword selection metric are designed for the low-rate feedback setting. The main contribution here is the proposal of a generalized eigenvector codebook and feedback of the codeword index that maximizes an estimate of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) of each user. Extensions of this scheme are also proposed for the general N-t antenna case withM users, whereM <= N-t. It is shown via numerical studies that this scheme leads to significant performance improvement across a large family of channels over schemes such as Grassmannian/ Random Vector Quantization/single-user codebooks with the channel projection metric for codeword selection.
Superhorizon Perturbations and the Cosmic Microwave Background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Superhorizon perturbations induce large-scale temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) via the Grishchuk-Zel'dovich effect. We analyze the CMB temperature anisotropies generated by a single-mode adiabatic superhorizon perturbation. We show that an adiabatic superhorizon perturbation in a LCDM universe does not generate a CMB temperature dipole, and we derive constraints to the amplitude and wavelength of a superhorizon potential perturbation from measurements of the CMB quadrupole and octupole. We also consider constraints to a superhorizon fluctuation in the curvaton field, which was recently proposed as a source of the hemispherical power asymmetry in the CMB.
Altruistic Lying in an Alibi Corroboration Context: The Effects of Liking, Compliance, and Relationship between Suspects and Witnesses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Police investigators, judges, and jurors are often very skeptical of alibi witness testimony. To investigate when and why individuals lie for one another, we conducted two studies in which witnesses' support of a false alibi was observed. We varied the level of social pressure exerted on witnesses and the level of affinity between suspect–witness pairs. During a study session purportedly intended to investigate dyadic problem‐solving ability, a mock theft was staged. When questioned, participants were provided the opportunity to either corroborate or refute a confederate's false alibi that the latter was with them when the theft occurred. Participants were more likely to lie for the confederate when the latter explicitly asked participants to conceal his/her whereabouts during the time of the theft (Study 1). How much participants liked the suspect did not impact lying; however, participants lied for a confederate more often when the latter was a friend rather than a stranger (Study 2). Results show that alibi witnesses often lie and that investigators and jurors may not accurately estimate the likelihood that such witnesses will lie for one another. Witnesses who lied also reported doing so more often because they believed that the suspect was innocent rather than guilty. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood glucose individualized prediction for type 2 diabetes using iPhone application

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes is now the most rapidly growing form of diabetes and has become increasingly common among children. This paper presents our work of implementing an individualized real time predictive system for blood glucose in type 2 diabetes in an iPhone application. The developed application, called HealthiManage, provides relevant feedback to patients at each glucose input reading comparing the measured and predicted readings, facilitating improved self-management of the disease. The application incorporates activity recognition via a built-in accelerometer on the iPhone, which monitors any physical activity and adjusts predictions accordingly. Also, a reward component interface was incorporated that is intended to enhance patient compliance and encourage mainly teenagers to take control and improve their blood glucose regulation. The individualized prediction algorithm was tested and verified with real patient data. Different physical activities were also examined and classified for an accurate activity recognition component. The designed application with its predictive model, activity recognition, and other elements provide what we believe to be helpful feedback to monitor and manage type 2 diabetes and improve patient compliance.
Quality control of a medicinal larval ( L ucilia sericata ) debridement device based on released gelatinase activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lucilia sericata M eigen ( D iptera: C alliphoridae) larvae are manufactured worldwide for the treatment of chronic wounds. Published research has confirmed that the primary clinical effect of the product, debridement (the degradation of non‐viable wound tissue), is accomplished by a range of enzymes released by larvae during feeding. The quality assessment of larval activity is currently achieved during production using meat‐based assays, which monitor insect growth and/or the reduction in substrate mass. To support this, the present authors developed a complementary radial diffusion enzymatic assay to produce a visual and measureable indication of the activity of larval alimentary products ( LAP ) collected under standardized conditions, against a gelatin substrate. Using basic laboratory equipment and reagents, the assay is rapid and suited to high throughput. Assay reproducibility is high (standard deviation: 0.06–0.27; coefficient of variation: 0.75–4.31%) and the LAP collection procedure does not adversely affect larval survival (mortality: < 2%). Because it is both cost‐ and time‐effective, this method is suited to both academic and industrial use and supports good manufacturing and laboratory practice as a quality control assay.
Opiate antagonistic properties of an octapeptide somatostatin analog.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The somatostatin analog D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-NH-CH(CH2OH)CHOHCH3 (SMS 201-995) displaces [3h[naloxone from its binding sites (IC50, 38 +/- 60 nM), being more than 200 times more potent than somatostatin. As measured by the difference between [3H]dihydromorphine, [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, and (-)-[3H]bremazocine binding, SMS 201-995 appears to be highly specific for the opiate mu binding site. Electrophysiological data from hippocampal cultures and results from animal studies (tail flick, mydriasis) demonstrate the opiate antagonistic properties of SMS 201-995. SMS 201-995 is an opiate mu antagonist with a peptide structure. That this property is displayed by a somatostatin analog is somewhat unexpected.
Sustainable Development Goal indicator for measuring availability and affordability of medicines for children: a proof-of-concept study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To complement Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 3.b.3 that monitors access to medicines for all, a corresponding child-specific methodology was developed tailored to the health needs of children. This methodology could aid countries in monitoring accessibility to paediatric medicines in a validated manner and on a longitudinal basis. We aimed to provide proof of concept of this adapted methodology by applying the method to historical datasets. Method A core set of child-appropriate medicines was selected for two groups of children: children aged 1–59 months and children aged 5–12 years. To enable calculation of affordability of medicines for children, the number of units needed for treatment was created, incorporating the recommended dosage and duration of treatment for the specific age group. The adapted methodology was applied to health facility survey data from Burundi (2013), China (2012) and Haiti (2011) for one age group. SDG indicator 3.b.3 scores and (mean) individual facility scores were calculated per country and sector. Results We were able to calculate SDG indicator 3.b.3 based on historical data from Burundi, China and Haiti with the adapted methodology. In this case study, all individual facilities failed to reach the 80% benchmark of accessible medicines, resulting in SDG indicator 3.b.3 scores of 0% for all 3 countries. Mean facility scores ranged from 22.2% in Haiti to 40.3% in Burundi for lowest-price generic medicines. Mean facility scores for originator brands were 0%, 16.5% and 9.9% for Burundi, China and Haiti, respectively. The low scores seemed to stem from the low availability of medicines. Conclusion The child-specific methodology was successfully applied to historical data from Burundi, China and Haiti, providing proof of concept of this methodology. The proposed validation steps and sensitivity analyses will help determine its robustness and could lead to further improvements.
PI3K Signaling in Tissue Hyper-Proliferation: From Overgrowth Syndromes to Kidney Cysts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The members of the PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) protein family are well-known regulators of proliferative signals. By the generation of lipid second messengers, they mediate the activation of AKT/PKB (AKT) and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Although mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are highly characterized in cancer, recent evidence indicates that alterations in the proliferative signals are major drivers of other diseases such as overgrowth disorders and polycystic kidney disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cell proliferation by comparing the effect of alterations in PI3K enzymes in different tissues. In particular, we discuss the most recent findings on how the same pathway may lead to different biological effects, due to the convergence and cooperation of different signaling cascades.
Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of the Fruit Seed Extracts of Agro Waste

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the seed extracts from agro waste to examine the effectiveness of antimicrobial.Therefore, by using the disc diffusion assay, the antibacterial activity was evaluated along with two medically important bacterial pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) in the seed extracts of Cucurbita sp., Carica papaya L., Nephelium lappaceum, Mangifera indica, Durio zibethius and Artocarpus heterphyllus Lam seeds.Seed extracts of agro waste were analyzed for the phytochemical constituents.Analysis of the qualitative phytochemical indicated the importance of phytochemical compounds for instance glycosides, saponins, flavanoids, tannins and alkaloids.Variations had been seen in the inhibition zone depending on the species and different seed extracts concentrations used for bacteria, the highest inhibition zone observed for M. indica and C. papaya L. The obtained data of this study presented greater insights which allow the use of seed extracts that were obtained from the agro-waster, to be used as raw materials for food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Helmets for use by bicycle riders

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Requirements for helmets for bicycle riders are proposed, with injury protection tests and requirements from Australian standard 2063, general purpose protective helmets. The additional requirements include limits on mass and ventilation. The mechanical tests included cover impact energy attenuation, penetration resistance, and helmet retention system strength. Assessments, including carrying out the mechanical tests of AS 2063, were made of bicycle helmets available in New South Wales in 1979 for use by pedal cyclists. On the basis of these tests, recommendations are made as to acceptability or otherwise of individual helmets available for use by bicyclists. Further tests will be conducted on helmets available for use in other sports which may be suitable for use by bicyclists. Although there are no helmets yet approved by the Standards Association of Australia to AS 2063, the test results show that some existing helmets would, with little or no alteration, meet that standard (a).