jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE OPTIMIZATION OF METHODS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HETEROGENEOUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR MODELS OF BREAST CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND : Spheroids are self-assembled clusters of cells mimicking a tissue-like architecture. Since the structure of complex three-dimensional cellular models is not stable, the formation of core spheroids and further maintenance are crucial stages within the cultivation process. There are a lot of options described for the establishment of 3D cell models. A wide range of reagents is presented from simple hydrogels to complex natural and synthetic composites. However, cultivation of 3D models is still a technically challenging task requiring adaptations of protocols for particular purposes. AIM : To compare methods of the formation of gomogeneous (3D) and heterogeneous (3D-2) spheroids from tumor and/or stromal cells of breast cancer using hydrogels such as agarose, gelatin and Matrigel™, as well as using ultra-low-adherent plates. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Breast cancer cell lines MCF7, MDA-MB-231 SK-BR-3 and stromal fibroblasts BrC4f, BrC120f, BN120f were used as a models for 3D and 3D-2 cultures. Spheroids were obtained on a substrate of simple hydrogels or when cultured on a low-adhesive plastic. The processes of formation and growth of spheroids, as well as "crushed preparations" were visualized using a Nikon Eclipse Ti-S series fluorescent inverted microscope (Nikon, Japan). RESULTS : We demonstrated, that gelatin-based hydrogel is not suitable as a substrate for obtaining 3D and 3D-2 spheroids for any of the cell lines used in the work. The use of only one type of hydrogels does not allow to obtain the entire repertoire of tumor, stromal, and heterogeneous 3D models. Agarose exhibited high output for stromal spheroids and Matrigel™ for tumor cells, and the use of ultra-low-adherent Nunclon™ Sphera™ plates was preferable for 3D-2 models combining both cell types. We also revealed that the application of cooled cultivation plastic and solutions is a technological advantage for handling spheroids growing in low-adherent plates. CONCLUSION : The proposed approaches for the formation of both homogeneous (3D) and heterogeneous (3D-2) spheroids from tumor and (or) stromal breast cancer cells are a generalized guide to the most effective production of spheroids of various cellular composition.
An Approach to the Quantum Hall Effect in Three- Dimensional Electron Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a theoretical framework to describe the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) in three-dimensional (3D) electron systems. This extends our previous single-electron approach, which was successfully applied to two-dimensional (2D) systems such as semiconductor quantum wells and graphene, where insights provided into both the IQHE and the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). Starting from the graphene model, where the unconventional sequence of Hall plateaux, 2(2n+1), naturally emerges from Landau quantization, we generalize the formulation to 3D semimetals with low carrier density and high mobility, where recent experiments have reported signatures of the QHE. For 3D systems, the model accounts for strong band anisotropy by introducing an effective correction to the cyclotron frequency, and, also by considering large effective gyromagnetic factor, as observed in semimetallic materials. From the calculated density of states and carrier concentration, we derive semiclassical expressions for the diagonal and Hall conductivities. The resulting Hall conductivity exhibits quantized values in agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental observations of 3D quantum Hall states. Simulations reproduce both Hall plateaux and Shubnikov de Haas oscillations under realistic parameter sets. Our results demonstrate that the IQHE in 3D semimetals can be understood as a natural extension of the single-electron Landau quantization framework originally developed for 2D systems. This provides a unified picture of quantum magnetotransport across dimensions, highlighting the crucial role of low carrier density and high mobility. The model further suggests new avenues for analyzing thermodynamic and transport properties in 3D systems under quantum Hall conditions.
SPECIAL AUTONOMY DILEMMA IN THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the largest archipelagic country in the world with cultural pluralism in its people, Indonesia, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has guaranteed the existence of unique or special regional government units. However, in practice, the implementation of special autonomy has been slow in realizing the welfare of the local community. The focus of this research seeks to answer two problems: First, how is the design of special autonomy arrangements in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia? Second, is the implementation of special autonomy in Indonesia following the ideals of regional government regulation in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia? The method used in this research is normative legal research with data collection techniques in library research. The study results reveal that the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has provided space for regions to organize an asymmetrical government. However, in reality, the implementation of special autonomy in Indonesia is not based on the design of regional diversity awareness in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, implementing special autonomy in Indonesia still leaves various problems.
Genetic variability in some quantitative traits of gladiolus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variability was studied with with 22 gladiolus genotypes (both exotic and indigenous for 19 characters. High genotypic coefficient of variation in number of cormels per plant, weight of corm, propagation coefficient, indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability for selection in these traits. High heritability and high genetic advance in number of cormels per plant and weight of corms, leaf area, number of floret per spike indicated the presence of additive gene effect in these traits and their amicability for direct selection. Non additive effect (gene) evident in size of floret and days taken to first floret opening. Thus, warresting use of hetrosis in improvement of these characters.
A study of techniques for the preservation of mercury and other trace elements in water for analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The storage of aqueous solutions in high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles containing nitric acid (0.15 to 2.0% (v/v) was shown to be unsuitable for the preservation of dissolved mercury (Hg2+) either as a single element or as part of a multi-element solution. At concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 10.0 ug l−1 more than 10% of the dissolved mercury was lost within the first three days and up to 50% of the mercury was lost within nine days after solutions were prepared. However mercury was stable in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl). Solutions of either 40 mg l−1NaCl in 0.15% (v/v) nitric acid (HNO3) or 0.01% (v/v) HCl in 1% (v/v) HNO3 were found to be effective for preserving mercury for more than 50 days. The stabilising mechanism is most likely the formation of HgCl42− complex ions that prevent the adsorption of mercury on the inner walls of the HDPE container. The elements Al, Ag, As, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn were stable up to 12 months when preserved in 1.0 to 2.0% (v/v) nitric acid or a mixture of 1% (v/v) HNO3 plus 0.01% (v/v) HCl. The recommended acid combination for the preservation of mercury and multi-elements for the simultaneous determination by ICP-MS is 1% (v/v) HNO3 plus 0.01% (v/v) HCl. Chloride related polyatomic interferences in ICP-MS determination from this acid mixture were less than 0.1 ugl−1 for all elements investigated, making it an ideal preservation medium for ICP-MS analysis.
Sociological realism and language policy analysis: A way forward

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Language planning and policy has evolved from considering policy as one of states’ affairs at its early stages to how policy actors exercise their agency to appropriate and enact policy in micro and local contexts. Ethnography of language policy is predominantly used today to explore why policies are enacted in a certain way and not otherwise, shedding light on policy actors’ ideologies and their role in bringing about specific consequences. This article engages with the ethnographic approaches to language policy studies from the perspective of sociological realism. It argues that grounding ethnographic studies in realist social theory can not only accommodate recent developments in the field but also further our understanding of how policy actors’ agency is informed by factors from other strata of the society which could go unnoticed in ethnography of language policy. To illustrate, the case of policy enactment in kindergartens and preschools in Tabriz is presented.
The General Practitioner and the Public Health Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Article1 July 1931The General Practitioner and the Public Health ProgramFELIX J. UNDERWOOD, M.D., F.A.C.P.FELIX J. UNDERWOOD, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-1-65 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is to the credit of our profession that its members have interested themselves actively in good government, and especially in those functions that have to do with the physical well-being of man and that involve applications of medical art and science both in the prevention and the cure of the diseases which afflict mankind.There is not a single point at which public health and private medicine cannot march forward in peace and good will. Our profession is traditionally committed to the prevention, as well as the cure, of disease. Out of its early labors arose the first slender... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jackson, Mississippi Southern Medical Association*Delivered at the Baltimore Meeting of the American College of Physicians, March 24, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1931Volume 5, Issue 1Page: 65-69KeywordsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Management Of Nidranasha(Insomnia) Through Ayurveda: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Insomnia is a very common sleep disorder in present's era as it make hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep or cause to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep.Insomnia causes many problems in day to day life such as tiredness, a lack of energy, difficulty in concentrating and irritability.As there is no permanent cure of insomnia in modern science because they use only Hypnotics and sedatives as its treatment but there are chances that the patient may get addicted to these particular drugs.In Ayurveda difficulty to fall asleep, stay asleep, or both are considered under heading of Nidranasha.According to Charaka, sukha, dukh, pusti, karshya, bala, abala, vrishtha, kleebta, gyanm, agynam jivan and maran all these factors depends on proper and improper nidra.In Nidranasha the main doshas which are involved are vata and pitta prakopa.So treatment of Nidranasha is mainly Vata-Pitta Shamak chikitsa.In Ayurveda there are a variety of treatments for insomnia.An attempt has been made in order to compile different types of treatment protocols for insomnia according to different acharayas.
Cloning and characterization of a novel radish protein kinase which is homologous to fungal cot-I like and animal Ndr protein kinases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

According to the similarity of the amino acid sequences in their catalytic domains, eukaryotic protein kinases have been classified into the five main groups: 'AGC', 'CaMK', 'CMGC', 'PTK' and 'other'. The AGC group, represented by the cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases (PKA and PKG), the calcium-phospholipid-dependent kinases (PKC) and the ribosomal S6 protein kinases, are poorly characterized in plants except for a few cases. In this study, in order to gain a better understanding of plant protein kinases in the AGC group, three cDNAs encoding novel protein kinases, RsNdr1 and RsNdr2a/b, were cloned from radish and characterized by molecular and biochemical methods. The deduced amino acid sequences of RsNdr1 and RsNdr2a/b contained all 12 conserved catalytic subdomains which are characteristic of the eukaryotic Ser/Thr protein kinases. A cell lysate from E. coli overexpressing RsNdr1 fusion protein had protein kinase activity toward a conventional protein substrate (myelin basic protein), whereas that from E. coli harboring a fusion plasmid encoding kinase-dead RsNdr1 or RsNdr2 did not show any protein kinase activity. A phylogenetic tree for 17 protein kinases from various organisms showed that the RsNdrs are more closely related to the protein kinases in a particular subgroup of the 'AGC' (fungal cot1-like and animal Ndr kinases) than to the authentic 'AGC' protein kinases, such as PKA, PKC or ribosomal S6 kinase.
Structural characterization of components of a mixture‐characterization of a facile oxidation product of cryptolepinone in situ

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The nmr analysis of a mixture of cryptolepinone and it's 5( N )‐oxide in a 1.5:1 ratio is discussed. The differentiation of the resonances of the two similar compounds, and elucidation of the unknown 5( N )‐oxide relied primarily on IDR‐GHSQC‐TOCSY data in conjunction with ROESY, GHSQC, and GHMBC experiments.
Secure Enterprise Access Control (SEAC) Role Based Access Control (RBAC)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Access to resources such as applications and web services are becoming increasingly difficult to manage via access control lists (ACLs). ACLs usually consist of a client's name or unique identifier. However, resource access is usually based on client characteristics such as command assignments, clearances, and/or pay grade. If a user is reassigned, changes clearance, or is promoted, access to resources should also change. Instead, with ACLs, resource managers constantly have to evaluate personnel records to determine resource access. Such a task can become overwhelming as the number of personnel within an organization grows. Limited access to personnel records by resource managers could compound the problem. This paper discusses a government off-the-shelf-solution (GOTS) for Secured Enterprise Access Control (SEAC) Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) proposed by Richard Fernandez, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego (SSC San Diego) for Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT). In an RBAC solution, a resource manager does not have to constantly query personnel records to determine resource access. The resource manager establishes conditions based on a user's characteristics (command assignments, clearances, and/or pay grade) versus their name or unique identifier. The SEAC RBAC design surpasses the NIST RBAC standard requirements and can be used by any U.S. Government organization. Chapter 1 provides the reader with a general background on RBAC and other access
Zocor, the postmarketing experience.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to develop and test a descriptive, intensive drug surveillance methodology in order to examine the effectiveness and safety of new drugs in the immediate postmarketing period. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin (Zocor), was chosen as the test drug. Data were collected from 100 randomly chosen cardiologists, specialist physicians and general practitioners practising in the six main centres of South Africa. A 66% doctor response rate was achieved and 438 patients were enrolled in the study. The overall effectiveness expressed as a percentage decrease (from baseline) in total cholesterol levels was 20.5% for the 251 patients who started on a 10 mg daily dose of the drug and 27.6% for the 42 patients who started on 10 mg but changed to 20 mg/d. The safety profile of simvastatin was comparable with the premarketing clinical trial data, and patient non-compliance appeared to be dose-related. The methodology employed was found to be suitable for the collection of safety and effectiveness data in the postmarketing period and simvastatin was shown to be effective with few adverse events reported.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 166645 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Craugastoridae" ] } The dataset includes 166645 records from 553 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018755-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
[Reasons against lumbar puncture diagnosis with cerebrospinal fluid drainage in subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The necessity of cerebral angiography or angio-MRI was assessed in patients with thunderclap headache in whom subarachnoid haemorrhage had been ruled out on CT findings. In this cases the cerebrospinal fluid examination could be dangerous because could reduce the intracranial pressure with consequent risk of aneurysm rupture. CSF drainage, although, improves the clinical conditions and the symptoms of the patients, seems to not reduce the incidence of permanent neurological deficits caused by vasospasm; on the contrary, it increases the incidence of hydrocephalus requiring shunt procedures. We conclude that routine ventriculostomy with external ventricular drainage should be considered for all patients with altered sensorium and acute hyrocephalus following subarachnoid haemorrhage, with improvement in outcome.
Does ACTH improve the diagnostic performance of adrenal vein sampling for subtyping primary aldosteronism?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Objective Adrenal vein sampling ( AVS ) is used for determining treatment options for primary aldosteronism ( PA ), but is a difficult procedure. Adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) infusion or bolus has been reported to improve AVS success rates by increasing cortisol secretion, but effects on lateralization are controversial. We therefore assessed the effects of ACTH in regard to AVS success and lateralization in our unit, after a change in protocol to ACTH ‐stimulated AVS . Setting AVS was performed after overnight recumbency in patients with PA confirmed by fludrocortisone suppression testing. Bilateral sequential sampling was performed before and after an intravenous bolus of 250 mcg of ACTH . Lateralization was defined as an aldosterone/cortisol ratio in one adrenal vein at least twice peripheral, combined with a contralateral adrenal ratio no higher than peripheral (contralateral suppression). Results In 47 AVS procedures, the median adrenal/peripheral cortisol gradient increased on the left (11·6 vs 18·2 μg/100 ml, P < 0·001) and right (15·6 vs 31·5 μg/100 ml, P < 0·001) after ACTH . A total of 34 of 47 studies were diagnostic pre‐ ACTH (six failing because of low aldosterone levels bilaterally and seven failing to cannulate one or both sides) vs 44 of 47 ( P = 0·011) studies diagnostic post‐ ACTH (failure to cannulate one or both sides in 3). Concordance between diagnostic studies pre‐ and post‐ ACTH was 91%, but two bilateral cases became unilateral after ACTH and one unilateral case before ACTH was bilateral afterwards. Conclusions ACTH improved cortisol gradients and aldosterone secretion, resulting in a reduction in the proportion of nondiagnostic studies. There was a low proportion of discordance between pre‐ and post‐ ACTH diagnoses, the significance of which is unclear.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with a more severe interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis in the EUSTAR cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is frequent in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and could predict progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We aimed to analyse (1) the prevalence of GERD among SSc-ILD patients, (2) its association with disease characteristics and (3) predictive factors for ILD progression in SSc-ILD patients with GERD. METHODS SSc patients from the EUSTAR database with ILD were included. GERD was labeled as present if reflux/dysphagia was reported at the baseline visit or before. Disease characteristics of patients with and without GERD were compared at baseline. ILD progression was defined as relative FVC decline ≥10% or relative FVC decline between 5-9% in association with relative DLCO decline of ≥ 15% over 12±3 months of follow-up. Prognostic factors for ILD progression, overall survival and progression-free survival in SSc-ILD patients with GERD were tested by multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS 5462 SSc-ILD patients were included, 4400 (80.6%) had GERD. Patients with GERD presented more frequently with diffuse cutaneous SSc (OR: 1.44 [1.22-1.69], p < 0.001) and more severe lung involvement with lower FVC (85.8±22.1 vs 90.2±20.1, p < 0.001), lower DLCO (60.8±19.7 vs 65.3±20.6, p < 0.001) and worse performance at the 6-minute walking test. Female sex (HR: 1.39 [1.07-1.80], p = 0.012) and older age (HR: 1.02 [1.01-1.03], p < 0.001) independently predicted ILD progression in SSc-ILD patients with GERD. CONCLUSION SSc-ILD patients with GERD appear to suffer from a more severe SSc disease. In this population, female sex may be considered as risk factor for ILD progression.
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms Supporting the Generalization of Learned Fear in Humans

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>An inescapable component to survival in a dynamic environment is detecting and reacting to signals of danger. One of the most elegant processes animals possess to handle this complex task is classical conditioning, wherein stimuli associated with an aversive event acquire the capacity to elicit defensive behaviors. This process helps ensure quick reactions prior to the occurrence of an imminent threat. A problem of living in a dynamic environment, however, is that reliable signals of danger are rarely re-encountered in the exact same form from one situation to the next. Thus, to be truly adaptive it is imperative for defensive responses to extend beyond a specific instance towards other exemplars that might portend the same negative outcome. While the phenomenon of stimulus generalization was recognized in the earliest studies of conditioning from Pavlov's laboratory, a century of conditioning research has not resolved how humans and other animals actually meet this challenge. The research presented herein employs a combination of psychophysiological and functional imaging methods to examine how humans recruit neurocognitive systems to determine what stimuli do (and do not) pose a threat. Results show that human fear generalization is a complex phenomenon affected by the perceptual and conceptual nature of the stimulus. Brain regions and functional networks involved in fear generalization comprise cortical areas involved in coding the representation of conditioned stimuli and subcortical regions involved conditioned learning and the production of behavioral responses, most notably the amygdala. These results reveal the importance of stimulus-specific factors in fear learning and generalization, provide support for anatomically constrained models of fear generalization, and contribute to the development of model systems of fear generalization processes in human anxiety disorders.</p>