jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seismic Performance of Strengthened Masonry Structures: Actual Behaviour of Buildings in Norcia and Campi Alto During the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The structural response of unreinforced masonry buildings designed for gravity load only or with reference to obsolete seismic provisions is widely studied in the literature in order to define proper strengthening strategies and solution to mitigate the seismic risk. However, the critical analysis of the effectiveness of past used strengthening solution is still lacking. To fill such gap, the present study deals with the evaluation of the seismic performances of buildings in the historical centre of Norcia and Campi Alto struck by the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence. A large part of these buildings was strengthened between 1980 and 2000 during the reconstruction processes following previous earthquakes occurred in 1979 and 1997. The strengthened buildings in Norcia reported limited damage while a significant and widespread level of damage was detected on several strengthened buildings in the hamlet of Campi Alto. The study focuses on such latter aspect with the aim of investigating on the reasons of such unsatisfactory behaviour. Thus, a comparison between seismic action experienced by buildings in Norcia and Campi Alto is initially analysed along with the evaluation of the main vulnerabilities of these buildings. Then, 20 projects of strengthening interventions submitted to the Civil Engineering Department of the Umbria Region between 1984 and 2012 have been herein analysed and discussed in order to focus on the effectiveness of the strengthening solution adopted in the past. The analyses of such projects and of the empirical damage detected after the 2016 seismic sequence is a unique opportunity to derive useful information for future applications.
Processus de veille documentaire scientifique au profit de la veille sanitaire de défense

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Résumé The main function of the Defense Health Service is to preserve the health of the projected forces. In this context, a Defense health watch duty was defined and entrusted to the Health observation Unit of the French Forces Institute of Tropical Medicine. To complete this mission, three documentation databases were created and broadcasted. Their updating, depending on innovation detection, requires a process of documentary awareness in six phases : definition of the topics to be supervised, selection of the documentary sources, gathering, analysis, reformatting and diffusion of the documents. The various phases are described and the process is evaluated in this article. The definition of the topics to be supervised shows its essential character to avoid the documents out-of-subject. The sources are selected on criteria of volumetry and cover. The gathering is automated by the tools of « push type » and RSS Feed (Really Simple Syndication). The innovation and the validity of the documents are evaluated according to a grid of definite reading. The documents are analyzed statistically by bibliometric tools. Formatted documents are finally spread via the owner network and by email. This process of documentary awareness, structured and organized, involves, for its users, an obvious saving of time. It allows an improvement in quantity and quality of the number of disseminated relevant information. However, it doesn’t yet allow to quantify in real time the number of users to the device.
Forensic neurobiology underlying violent criminal behavior

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Violent criminal behavior may be a sequela of functionally and structurally compromised prefrontal and corticolimbic cortices. These anatomically distinct yet functionally integrated regions of the human brain confer qualities of moral sensibility and intentionality of action. Criminal behavior leading to conviction necessitates the commission of a prohibited act, actus reus, coincidentally occurring with a guilty state of mind, mens rea. Sentencing determinations markedly differ for those who intentionally violate compared to reckless acts and such outcomes can be critically life-impactful. However, making inferential assessments about an aggressor’s mental state can be a challenging task for legal experts. This meta-analysis reviews how the functional somatotopy of brain regions associated with aggression can be forensically assessed to contextualize violent criminal behavior to facilitate legal processes. Because brain scans have diagnostic credibility, by extension, they are increasingly becoming persuasive forensic evidence. A centralized neuroimaging database may emerge as a game-change for legal processes. The intercalated framework of neurolaw uniquely offers great power to elucidate criminological factors within the statute.
Butterfly Inspired Multi-robotic Swarm for Signal Source Localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In biological species, cooperative social life and swarm intelligence have helped them to their survival sustainable growths. This paper considers one such recent inspiration model from butterflies so called Butterfly Mating Optimization (BMO), a meta-butterfly model preferred to capture all local-optima of multimodal functions simultaneously. This paper presents the design and architecture of Bflybots, a multi-mobile robot platform to the requirements of Bflies specified in the BMO algorithm. The multi-Bflybot swarm is designed to acts like butterflies in nature and follow the rules of algorithm. The practical experiments are conducted and the various results are presented. Finally, challenges that are faced and future aspects are initiated for further validation of the algorithm for other signal source localization.
Impact of China's growth on global commodities market : case studies on Australia and Brazil.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

China is currently the world’s second largest economy and largest trading nation. She has risen to become the top trading partner of many countries and it has become inevitable that close trading partners of China will be influenced greatly by China’s growth and be dependent on her. The paper aims to examine the degree of trade dependence of Australia and Brazil on China in the period 2000-2012 based on the analysis of a few heavily traded commodities. A trade dependency index is used to determine the degree of dependence of Australia and Brazil on China. The results showed that they are largely dependent on China in a few specific commodities, namely iron ore and coal. Using Chow Test, the paper concluded that there has been a structural change from 1992 to 2012 on the world iron ore price. Particularly, the mid 2000s see the greater significance of China’s demand for iron ore, indicating stronger China growth since the 2000s. The paper then proposed policy recommendations to Australia and Brazil on ways to diversify reliance on China and ride on her growth instead, especially towards the services and agriculture sector for Australia and manufacturing and agricultural sector for Brazil.
Significant Improvement in Magnetic and Magnetoelectric Characteristics of (0.95 − x)Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3-0.05Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xCoFe2O4 Ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Multifunctional materials with high magnetic, electrical, and magnetoelectric (ME) characteristics play an important role in development of data storage devices. Herein, multi-phase ( $0.95- x$ )Ba 0.9 Ca 0.1 TiO 3 (BCT)-0.05Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT)- $x$ CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) ceramics were prepared by a two-stage mechanochemical activation technique. The objective of this study is to develop a multifunctional material with improved multiferroic characteristics. The structural analysis by the Rietveld method shows the presence of heterogeneous structure without any impurity phase. The incorporation of CFO in 0.95BCT-0.05NBT has resulted in significant improvement in magnetic and ME characteristics without significantly hampering the electrical properties. The sample with $x =0.11$ has shown high saturation magnetization of 8.26 emu/g along with moderately high ME coefficient of 5.411 mV/cm $\cdot $ Oe. In addition, the energy storage performance of all the studied samples has also been investigated and the optimized sample $x =0.11$ presents a large discharge energy density of 2.249 J/cm 3 and moderately high energy efficiency of 63.8% at 388 kV/cm. The results obtained in this work suggest a significant influence of CFO substitution on the magnetic characteristics of BCT-NBT ceramics, which subsequently indicate their potential applications in spintronics, magnetic memory storage, and electrical energy storage devices.
Multi-Domain Information Fusion for Insider Threat Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Malicious insiders pose significant threats to information security, and yet the capability of detecting malicious insiders is very limited. Insider threat detection is known to be a difficult problem, presenting many research challenges. In this paper we report our effort on detecting malicious insiders from large amounts of work practice data. We propose novel approaches to detect two types of insider activities: (1) blend-in anomalies, where malicious insiders try to behave similar to a group they do not belong to, and (2) unusual change anomalies, where malicious insiders exhibit changes in their behavior that are dissimilar to their peers' behavioral changes. Our first contribution focuses on detecting blend-in malicious insiders. We propose a novel approach by examining various activity domains, and detecting behavioral inconsistencies across these domains. Our second contribution is a method for detecting insiders with unusual changes in behavior. The key strength of this proposed approach is that it avoids flagging common changes that can be mistakenly detected by typical temporal anomaly detection mechanisms. Our third contribution is a method that combines anomaly indicators from multiple sources of information.
On a Collection of Fishes from Sikkim

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

I-INTRODUCTIONSikkim is a small state,' lying between latitude 27°5' and 28°9' N a~d longitude 86°59' and 88°56' E. This mountainous area lies wedged in between Tibet on the north, Bhutan on the east, Nepal on the west and the Indian state of West Bengal on the south.The only source of fish in this small state are rivers, namely the Lachen, the Lachung, the Zemu, the Tatung, the Great Ranjeet, the Rangoli and the Rangpo; the Teesta river, which originates from Lhamo lake and enters West Bengal, gathers water from many of them.The importance of the knowledge of the fish fauna of this state would be fully realized by those engaged on the comparative studies of the ichthyo-faunae of the different regions .along the Himalaya as well as by those, working on the Indo-central Asiatic faunae.As early as 1845, McClelland described two species of the genus Puntius viz.Puntius spinulosus (McClelland) (=Barbus spinulosus McClelland) and Puntius clavatus (McClelland) (=Barbus clavatus McClelland) and one anabantid, Ctenops nobilis McClelland of his new genus Ctenops McClelland.All the three species were recorded from rivers at the foot of Sikkim mountains on the northern frontiers of Bengal.Gunther (1868) mentioned the distribution of Tor mosal (Hamilton) (=Barbus hexastichus McClelland), Danio aequipinnatus (McClelland) (= Danio lineolatus (Blyth)) and Noemacheilus rupecula (McClelland) in that state.Day (1878) made a mention of these species and also showed the distribution of Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland) in Sikkim.Hora (1923) resurrected Gunther's species from Nepal, Glyptothorax gracilis, on the basis of one specimen from Ranjeet River, Sikkim and in 1935 described two new loaches viz.Noemacheilus devdevi Hora and N. inglisi Hora from Sikkim.Later, Hora and Silas (1951, 52) recorded Glyptothorax maculatum (Ragan) from Sikkim.Menon (1954) attributed the distribution of Glyptothorax striatus (McClelland) and Glyptothorax gracilis (Gunther) to the same place.Menon (1964) showed that Garra lamta Hamilton exists in this state.Apart from these short notices, there is no consolidated account of the fishes of Sikkim so far, in literature.By the study of the collection of fishes from Sikkim in the Zoological Survey of India, the present author finds that an equal number of more species with definite material could be added to the fish .fauna of Sikkim, already known.In the present paper, therefore, a list of the fishes of Sikkim has been prepared ' 0 •
SH533465.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Illusory or effective? The protection provided by the Romanian authorities to stray dogs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem that Romania has with stray dogs’ management is well known at national level, but also intensely debated internationally. The main accusation brought against Romania is the authorities’ noncompliance with the principle of minimum suffering. With the sole purpose of eliminating dogs from the streets, these authorities ignore any principles and recommendations that focus on animal protection. The legislative framework adopted without prior documentation seeks to propose superficial “solutions” with short-term effect, which divert attention and prevent awareness of the serious problem Romania and Romanians face. Romania is already harshly condemned for its national legislation and its unfortunate consequences, so we intend to understand the justification for this conviction based on the analysis of animal protection and management of stray dogs concepts.
Turbulent-Heat-Flux and Temperature-Variance Budgets in a Single-Rib Mounting Channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heat transfer and fluid flow in a single-rib mounting channel were investigated by directly solving Navier-Stokes and energy equations. The flow and thermal fields were considered to be fully developed at the inlet of the channel, and the simulation was made for spatial advancement of turbulent heat transfer. The Reynolds number based on the friction velocity at the inlet and the channel half width was 150. The Prandtl number was 0.71. The budgets for turbulent heat fluxes and temperature variance at various sections were presented and were investigated, which would be useful for testing and developing turbulence models. Near a circular vortex in front of the rib, pressure diffusion terms made an important contribution. Remarkable production terms were generated near a reattachment point. Production and dissipation terms were not dominant in front of and above the rib, and a time scale ratio exceeded 2.0 in the region.
Clyde Lear and the Learfield Sports empire

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents the media career of Clyde Lear, who, in 1972, started Missouri Network, a statewide news and agriculture network, and parlayed it into Learfield Sports, an innovative leader among college multimedia property firms. Learfield first moved into sports as the exclusive radio broadcast provider for the University of Missouri in the 1970s, pioneering technological innovations such as the satellite transmission of radio broadcasts. Through the 1980s, Learfield increased both the number of universities it contracted with and the services offered. By 2018, Learfield would merge with IMG College in a deal valued at more than $2 billion. Learfield's evolution provides an example of the growth of college sports media over the past five decades.
Full Point Encoding for Local Feature Aggregation in 3-D Point Clouds

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Point cloud processing methods exploit local point features and global context through aggregation which does not explicitly model the internal correlations between local and global features. To address this problem, we propose full point encoding which is applicable to convolution and transformer architectures. Specifically, we propose full point convolution (FuPConv) and full point transformer (FPTransformer) architectures. The key idea is to adaptively learn the weights from local and global geometric connections, where the connections are established through local and global correlation functions, respectively. FuPConv and FPTransformer simultaneously model the local and global geometric relationships as well as their internal correlations, demonstrating strong generalization ability and high performance. FuPConv is incorporated in classical hierarchical network architectures to achieve local and global shape-aware learning. In FPTransformer, we introduce full point position encoding in self-attention, that hierarchically encodes each point position in the global and local receptive field. We also propose a shape-aware downsampling block that takes into account the local shape and the global context. Experimental comparison to existing methods on benchmark datasets shows the efficacy of FuPConv and FPTransformer for semantic segmentation, object detection, classification, and normal estimation tasks. In particular, we achieve state-of-the-art semantic segmentation results of 76.8% mIoU on S3DIS sixfold and 73.1% on S3DIS Area 5. Our code is available at https://github.com/hnuhyuwa/FullPointTransformer.
Study of Epileptiform Discharges in Hippocampal Slices Using Multi-Channel Recording System

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Understanding the initiation site and propagation of epileptiform discharges in hippocampus are of important physiological significance. Here in transverse plane of hippocampus, the above questions were investigated with low-Mg 2+ ACSF perfused hippocampal slices of Sprague Dawley rat using microelectrode arrays. Initiation site of epileptiform discharges was determined by comparing the onset time of field potentials as well as calculating the cross-correlation of multiunit action potentials. Time delay of epileptiform discharges between the initiation site and the other regions was obtained. The result indicates that epileptiform discharges originate from CA3b region and propagate to CA3c and proximal CA1 respectively.
The Efficacy of Dry Needling in Combination With Electrical Stimulation on Pain Reduction and Improved Function in Chronic Plantar Heel Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Focused Clinical Question : What is the efficacy of dry needling (DN) in combination with electrical stimulation on pain and function when compared with DN alone, conservative care, or placebo treatments for chronic plantar heel pain? Clinical Bottom Line : Based on a review of three good-quality randomized controlled trials, it appears the lasting effects of utilizing DN in combination with electrical stimulation on chronic plantar heel pain for reduction in pain and an increase in function are superior in some outcome measures but not all outcome measures over time as compared with other treatments. It is unclear whether DN in combination with electrical stimulation is superior to DN alone; however, both are clinically useful when used adjunctively more than four times in a month. Based on conflicting results, needling protocol variations, treatment type comparison variations, and good-quality studies, the grade of a B is assigned to this critically appraised topic.
Infectious Bronchitis Virus Types Affecting European Countries—A Review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Since its first detection in Europe in the 1940s, infectious bronchitis virus has continued to be one of the major respiratory pathogens affecting the European poultry industry. The development of effective and widely used vaccines for both broilers (live attenuated) and breeders and layers (live attenuated and inactivated) helped improve the health and welfare of poultry but never eliminated the problem. The main reason is the continual emergence of new infectious bronchitis variants (serotypes or genotypes). This review discusses the most prevalent genotypes of the last few decades in Europe. Some of these genotypes seem to be local European types; others have an origin outside Europe.
Determinants of growth rate in genome-reduced bacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Understanding how the growth rate is regulated in bacteria is an ongoing challenge in biology and its controlled regulation would have a great impact in the biotechnological industry. Growth rates may be regulated by several genetic factors, but despite some of them are known, we are still unable to rationally increase bacterial growth rates. Most studies are done in fast-growing and highly complex bacteria with large and redundant genomes. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, from the Mollicutes class, is a simpler organism with one of the smallest genomes. Furthermore, Mollicutes species have wide range of growth rates and reduced genomes making them appealing for growth studies. In this thesis, we investigated the genetic determinants of growth rates in M. pneumoniae and in other Mollicutes species by different approaches. Our results corroborated some genetic factors reported to be associated to fast growth and found additional translational and metabolic determinants that have not been described before.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter of this volume begins by laying out the rationale of the book and its main research questions: what is required for something to count as a global legitimacy crisis, and which are the different forms that such crises can take? When and how do global legitimacy crises affect multilateral governance? As multilateralism has come under severe political stress in recent years, these questions have deep implications for the viability of international organizations (IOs) in the future. According to the conventional wisdom in research on legitimacy, legitimacy crises will drain organizations of their resources, reduce willingness of their actors to participate in collective decision-making, and dismantle their authority in the first place. This chapter presents illustrations of empirical anomalies for the conventional view and spells out how and why the authors reconsider conceptualizations, theories, and research designs that have been prevalent in earlier research on legitimacy. It presents the empirical research strategy that is based on a comparative mixed-methods design and highlights the theoretical argument and empirical contributions of this book.