jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Suprahyoid biomechanics and head posture. An electromyographic, videofluorographic and dynamographic study of hyo-mandibular function in man.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Suprahyoid and masseter muscle function was studied in 49 adult males with normal dentofacial morphology and normal soft tissue profiles, with special reference to head posture. The different parameters were investigated by EMG during chewing, by EMG synchronized to an opening force dynamograph during static and dynamic conditions, and by EMG synchronized to videofluorography during the open-close-clench cycle. Cephalometry was applied to evaluate the videofluorographic images of the hyo-mandibular complex. The EMG amplitude for the entire group did not vary significantly between different test occasions with an interval of 5-24 hours. The individual variation was large, however. Repeated EMG registrations within such time intervals should therefore be reliable for groups of individuals. Hook electrodes gave about 10% higher maximal EMG compared to surface electrodes. Registrations with the two types of electrodes could therefore not be directly compared. An increased interelectrode distance resulted in larger EMG amplitudes. The interelectrode distance should therefore be standardized. Head posture influenced the EMG amplitude and should therefore also be standardized. The electrical activity in suprahyoid muscle contraction preceded the mechanical activity. During opening, a time- lag of approximately 200 msec was found between the peak EMG activity of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the maximal opening force. A direct correlation existed between the IEMG activity of the digastric muscle and force during static (r = 0.89) and dynamic (r = 0.72) conditions. The maximal recorded force of the opening muscles of the mandible was found to be 70 N. No absolute reciprocity existed between opening and closing EMG activity. During chewing, suprahyoid maximal IEMG activity was less than one-third of that from the masseter. Maximal IEMG activity was reduced for the masseter during forward flexion, and for the suprahyoid muscle group during backward extension. Head posture is an important factor in EMG registrations of opening and closing muscle function during chewing. During upright head posture, the hyoid bone exhibited on average an elliptical movement pattern and reached its most elevated position at the start of opening and its most depressed position at the start of closing. A small movement before opening an upward and forward direction and before closing in a further downward and backward direction was found. Suprahyoid EMG activity was registered before start of opening, during opening and during the first half of the open phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
An Increase of Intelligence in Libya from 2006 to 2017

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Results are reported for intelligence of 6 to 11 year olds in Libya on the Coloured Progressive Matrices assessed in 2006 and 2017. Increases of CPM mean raw scores translate into a gain of 2.8 IQ points over the 11 years, or 0.25 points a year. Gains were seen mainly at the older ages, suggesting that they are caused by improvements in the educational system rather than by factors acting on preschool children. There was no difference between the IQs of girls and boys.
Clinical and genetic findings in Finnish ataxia patients with the spinocerebellar ataxia 8 repeat expansion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinocerebellar ataxia 8 (SCA8) is caused by a CTG repeat expansion in an untranslated region of a recently cloned gene on 13q21. The pathogenic role of this trinucleotide repeat was evaluated by examining 154 Finnish ataxia patients and 448 controls. Expansions ranging from 100 to 675 repeats were present in 9 (6%) unrelated patients and in 13 (3%) controls. There was a threefold excess of shorter expansions (<204 repeats) in the ataxia series, and the expansions tended to cluster in patients with a family history for the disease. Clinical and genetic data were subsequently collected from 15 patients. Common initial symptoms included gait instability, dysarthria, and tremor. A marked cerebellar atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography was found in all patients. Pyramidal affection was often seen, and various kinds of cognitive impairment were evident in 40% of patients. Disease progression was slow, and fluctuation of symptoms was commonly observed. A maternal penetrance bias was not seen, nor was there any clear-cut negative correlation between age of onset and repeat number. Meiotic but not mitotic instability of the repeat expansion was evident. Haplotype analysis suggests multiple origins for the Finnish spinocerebellar ataxia 8 repeat expansions.
Procedure for indexing NTS with ICD-10 codes, published in German

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The general public shall be informed about planned animal experiments by non-technical summaries (NTSs) as stipulated in the European Directive 2010/63/EU. In Germany, NTS are made available in the searchable, web-based database AnimalTestInfo. In our meta-analysis, we classified duly completed German NTSs submitted in 2014 and 2015 to AnimalTestInfo according to the ‘International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems’ (ICD) system. Here, we present the standardised procedure for indexing NTSs with ICD-10 codes in German.
Socioeconomic differences in experiences with treatment of coronary heart disease: a qualitative study from the perspective of elderly patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This qualitative study aims to analyse socioeconomic differences in patients’ experiences along the treatment pathway for coronary heart disease (CHD). Design A longitudinal qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews to explore patients’ experiences with treatment was conducted. We analysed the transcripts of the records according to qualitative content analysis and identified differences between patients with lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) by comparing and contrasting the narratives. Setting The University Hospital in Halle (Saale), Germany. Participants 41 elderly patients (aged 59–80 years) who suffered from CHD. Results From various patient’s experiences along the pathway of care which were found to differ according to SES we derived three major themes: (1) information: patients with higher SES had greater knowledge about treatment and could use medical records as sources of information; (2) illness perception: patients with lower SES focused on improving symptoms and survival, while patients with higher SES focused on physical performance and disease management; and (3) perceived role in healthcare: patients with lower SES tended to delegate responsibility to healthcare professionals. Conclusions Differences in the patient’s knowledge about treatment, their perceived role in healthcare and illness perception can be the factors and mechanisms that contribute to explain socioeconomic inequalities in the treatment of CHD. These factors should be considered in quantitative studies to better understand the disparities in treatment and mortality. We suggest that improving patient–physician communication and patient knowledge can change the patient’s understanding of CHD and their perceived role in healthcare and reduce inequalities in CHD treatment. Trial registration number DRKS00007839.
Toxicogenomics of Gold Nanoparticles in a Marine Fish: Linkage to Classical Biomarkers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the present study, the underlying short-term effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNP, spheres, citrate coated, ∼40 nm) on the hepatic function of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was assessed, using a species-specific enriched oligonucleotide microarray platform (SAQ). Two distinct concentrations of AuNP (0.5 and 50 μg/L) were tested during 24 h waterborne exposure. The transcriptional profile was complemented with outcomes at higher levels of biological organization, including hepatic health indicators and DNA damage indicators. DNA damaging potential of AuNP was assessed in whole peripheral blood, assessing DNA strand breaks (using the comet assay) and chromosome damage (scoring the erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities, ENA). The overall genetic response showed a differential hepatic transcriptional profile, both in terms of number and intensity, of differentially expressed genes (DEG). Concerning the functional pathways that were affected, the main changes found were for gene encoding proteins involved in the response to xenobiotics, oxidoreductase activity, immunomodulation, DNA repair and programmed cell death types I and II. The hepatic health indicators measured revealed that AuNP can induce liver injury, as demonstrated by the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased activities after exposure to the highest AuNP concentration (50 μg/L). Exposure to AuNP also caused DNA strand breaks, however, without causing clastogenesis or aneugenesis, since no ENA were detected. Overall, data showed that a short-term exposure to AuNP can modulate gene expression in liver and affects several biochemical/genetic functions in fish.
Adverse Physiological Events under Anaesthesia and Sedation: A Pilot Audit of Electronic Patient Records

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Review of perioperative activity, including adverse events, throughput and compliance with ‘best practice’, can theoretically be used to optimise healthcare delivery. Computer-based analysis of electronic patient records could provide a practical means to manage quality improvement. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of such a system in practice. All intraoperative patient notes and physiological data were collected over 17 months in a rural hospital using data from an electronic record-keeping system. Algorithms were developed to automatically identify potential adverse events based on physiological measures. Each computer-identified event was reviewed by a panel of three anaesthetists and assessed for validity, severity and probable cause. Two areas were identified to pilot quality improvement activities—sedation for colonoscopies and inhalational anaesthesia with desflurane. Specific ‘inhouse’ guidelines were created for these procedures and feedback on the patterns of adverse events were provided to anaesthetic staff. A total of 138 separate adverse events were identified for all operative cases over 17 months, with an overall adverse event incidence of 3.3%. The adverse event incidence during colonoscopy and laryngospasm/hypoxia during desflurane anaesthesia was 6.3% and 1.3% respectively. This decreased to 2.8% (P <0.005) and 0.13% (P <0.0001) respectively for the nine months following feedback and the introduction of guidelines. Anaesthesia information systems can be an effective quality improvement tool and may enhance existing tools such as incident reporting systems.
Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates to antimicrobials and sanitizers

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: In recent decades, Aeromonas hydrophila has emerged as a foodborne bacterial pathogen of public health concern, especially as it exhibits resistance to the major chemical sanitizers commonly used in the food industry. Meanwhile, this pathogen may be spread from diseased fish flesh through the contamination of equipment contact surfaces during food processing, thus posing a food safety risk. Thise determined the susceptibility profiles of retail fish-borne A. hydrophila isolates to 24 common antibiotics and five major sanitizers used in the food industry. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to confirm all A. hydrophila isolates to the species level, and the agar diffusion method was applied to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. All isolates were confirmed to be A. hydrophila species. This bacterium was observed to have resistance to multiple antibiotics, with the highest resistance index being for those of the beta-lactam class. Additionally, the isolates showed high resistance to four of the five chemical sanitizers tested, with the highest resistance rate being toward sodium hypochlorite. The results suggested that A. hydrophila isolates with multiple resistance to the antimicrobials and main sanitizers used in the food industry can be found in retail fish sold in the Cuiabá region of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
COVID-19 and stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to the pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the stroke medical care system is unavoidably undergoing major changes such as a decrease in the number of stroke patients receiving consultation, delay in consultation, and a decrease in the number of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Stroke incidence in COVID-19 patients is approximately 1.1%. The features of stroke with COVID-19 have been elucidated: higher incidence in ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic stroke, increasing number of young patients, high D-dimer levels, and higher risk in elderly patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. In patients with COVID-19, venous thromboembolism is more common than arterial thromboembolism, and stroke is more common than acute coronary syndrome. Protected code stroke (PCS) has been proposed which provides safe, effective and prompt treatment under complete infection control.
BK polyomavirus infection in pediatric heart transplant recipients: a prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BKV infection and nephropathy complicate pediatric HT x, but the incidence and time course of the disease are unknown. We assessed the incidence of BKV infection and its association with kidney dysfunction in pediatric HT x recipients. A single center prospective study compared pediatric (<18 years) HT x recipients, with and without BKV infection, who received an allograft between September 2013 and December 2014. Screening of urine for BKV was performed prior to transplant, and at week 1, and at months 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months post‐transplantation. Serum for BKV DNA was assayed if BK viruria was present. Statistics included Fisher's exact test and Student's t test. Twelve patients were enrolled. Two patients were removed per parent request. Two (20%) had BK viruria and one (10%) had BK viremia. No patients developed BKVN . BK viruria was present within 2 months following transplantation. There were no identifiable risk factors for BKV infection and no statistically significant difference in renal function between the groups; however, there was a trend toward worsening renal function in those with BKV infection. BKV infection can occur early following heart transplantation. Screening for BK viruria should be considered in HT x recipients.
Phytol as an anticarcinogenic and antitumoral agent: An in vivo study in swiss mice with DMBA‐Induced breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phytol (PHY) (3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadec‐2‐en‐1‐ol) exhibits various pharmacological properties including toxicity and cytotoxicity, and exerts antitumor activity. Owing to the urgent need of new pharmaceutical formulations for breast cancer therapy, this study aimed at the evaluation of antitumor activity of PHY in 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene‐cancer‐induced animal model. Comet assay was employed to evaluate the cytogenetics, DNA repair, and antigenotoxic activities of PHY in neoplastic (breast) and non‐neoplastic rodent cells (bone marrow, lymphocytes, and liver). Additionally, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out in experimental animals. Thirty nonpregnant female mice ( n = 5) underwent 7 weeks treatment with 6 mg/kg pro‐carcinogen, PHY (4 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg). Induction of cancer was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67. Results suggest that PHY exhibits low toxicity in comparison with other groups in hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and organ size parameters. Additionally, PHY showed modulatory effects on the pro‐carcinogen, and induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, it showed a DNA damage repair capacity in mouse lymphocytes. These data indicate that PHY may have the potential as an anticancer candidate in pharmaceutical consumption. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):200–212, 2019
The Formation of Chinese Maritime Networks to Southern Asia, 1200-1450

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The period between the thirteenth and mid-fifteenth centuries marked a distinct and important phase in the history of India-China relations. This new phase was triggered by the formation of Chinese maritime networks to southern Asia. While the Song period witnessed the formation of private trade and shipping networks, the aggressive foreign policy of the Yuan court led to the establishment of a government maritime network. The maritime networking to southern Asia culminated in the increased numbers of Ming emissaries, including the fleets of the admiral Zheng He, who visited Indian ports in the fifteenth century and intervened in the diplomatic affairs of several strategic Indian commercial zones. La période qui s'étend du treizième jusqu'au milieu du quinzième siècles présente une phase distincte et importante des relations indo-chinoises. Cette nouvelle phase résulta de la création des réseaux maritimes chinois vers l' Asie du Sud. La période Song est marquée par la formation d'un commerce privatiséet des réseaux maritimes; or, l'agressive politique extérieure de la dynastie Yuan eut comme conséquence la création d'un réseau maritime officiel. Les voies maritimes qui s'ouvraient vers le sud d'Asie ont fait augmenter le nombre d'émissaires, dont la flotte de Zheng He;celui-ci visita les côtes indiennes au XVe siècle et intervint dans les affaires diplomatiques de plusieurs stratégiques zones commerciales des Indes.
Measuring the Success of Moodle at Kristu Jayanti College – Bangalore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main idea of this study is to decide the goal of supporting the utilization of a LMS (Learning Management System) under Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle), in the formation of virtual study rooms in Kristu Jayanti College. This present examination's goal is to decide the expectation of utilizing Moodle to create virtual study halls: Information Quality, System Quality, Complimentary Technology, Self-Efficacy Measure, Service Quality, User Satisfaction, Use and Perceived Net Benefits. The eight parameters mentioned here build the general attributes of Moodle which likewise help breakdown a superior comprehension of the accomplishment of the Kristu jayanti college learning the executives framework. So as to gauge the achievement of Moodle, 120 students were assessed based on these eight parameters in the moodle. The point of this assessment was to examine the client experience of utilizing MOODLE and furthermore the advantages and hindrances towards its utilization. The consequences of the investigation would be helpful to the organizations attempting to coordinate innovation in their instructing and learning measures.
TEACHING STUDENTS OF SPECIALITY “PHILOLOGY” AS YOUNG TEACHERS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is dedicated to modern approaches to teaching students of specialization “Philology” as young teachers of foreign language. The relevance of the problem has been growing by education practice requirements, targets formulated on the government level, pupils and their parents’ demands to the formation of foreign communicative competence as a human competitiveness basis on the international labour market. The role of schoolteacher has been emphasized. Students obtain their profession at the age from 16 to 25, and within this time students acquire future professional competence. Graduation from higher educational institution means getting profession and the status of a specialist. It is also highlighted that the academic courses of the following specialization are the resources of students’ education process as young teachers. It is shown the importance of academic course “Methods of Teaching English”. It is underlined the significance of social organizations and educational funds such as British Council and others, which promote innovative methods of teaching foreign language for both students and teachers. These methods are based on general values of education and imply interaction of teacher and student. The results of the research of particular professional demands of young teachers of foreign language are given. Improving of professional competence and skills are among the most popular. It is shown the importance of making course content and methods of conducting lectures more modern without changing teaching time and topics in the curriculum. These factors will contribute to a methodical mobility formation and professional competence of students as young teachers of The New Ukrainian School. Study and development of modern effective methods and techniques within “Methods of Teaching English” course for students of higher educational institution are defined to be perspective and need further scientific research
Predicting Factors of INSURE Failure in Low Birth Weight Neonates with RDS; A Logistic Regression Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:Respiratory Distress syndrome is the most common respiratory disease in premature neonate and the most important cause of death among them. We aimed to investigate factors to predict successful or failure of INSURE method as a therapeutic method of RDS.Methods:In a cohort study,45 neonates with diagnosed RDS and birth weight lower than 1500g were included and they underwent INSURE followed by NCPAP(Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure). The patients were divided into failure or successful groups and factors which can predict success of INSURE were investigated by logistic regression in SPSS 16th version.Results:29 and16 neonates were observed in successful and failure groups, respectively. Birth weight was the only variable with significant difference between two groups (P=0.002). Finally logistic regression test showed that birth weight is only predicting factor for success (P: 0.001, EXP[β]: 0.009, CI [95%]: 1.003-0.014) and mortality (P: 0.029, EXP[β]: 0.993, CI [95%]: 0.987-0.999) of neonates treated with INSURE method.Conclusion:Predicting factors which affect on success rate of INSURE can be useful for treating and reducing charge of neonate with RDS and the birth weight is one of the effective factor on INSURE Success in this study.
A New Mechanical Oil Sensor Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In view of disadvantages of commercially available oil level sensing products, this paper introduces a new mechanical type of oil sensor for refrigeration compressor’s oil level protection, which is used to avoid failure due to lack of oil in the compressor, especially when multi-compressors were connected in parallel. The paper analyzed this new mechanical oil senor in terms of superiority comparing with other type oil sensor, theoretical working principle, design concept, functional test and typical application on multi-compressors system. The method of installation and the system control logic are also discussed.