jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Thermal Radiation from Near Field to Far Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Control of heat flow in both near and far field through thermal radiation is of fundamental interest for applications in thermal management and energy conversion. One challenge is how we can realize high contrast control of heat flow with high temporal frequencies and without moving parts. We try to resolve this problem and propose two schemes in the near field: one based on electrical tuning of silicon and the other based on optical pumping of doped silicon slabs. Both methods rely on the change of free carriers, leading to tuning of the plasma frequency, resulting in modulation of near-field thermal radiation. Calculations based on fluctuational electrodynamics show that the electric method gives 10% tuning range. On the other hand, heat transfer coefficient between two silicon films can be tuned from near zero to 600 Wm-2K-1 with a gap distance of 100 nm at room temperature with the optical pumping method. In the far field, we predict and demonstrate two spectrally selective absorbers based on semiconductors, by utilizing their band gap properties and dedicated photonic structure design. The germanium photonic crystals have around 95% absorption from 500 nm to 1000 µm and over 0.9 over the entire visible and near infrared spectrum. The effective absorptivity is as high as 0.91. The black silicon achieves 100% absorption for light with wavelength under 1 µm. The effective absorptivity is as high as 0.96. Field test shows that black silicon is able to maintain at 130 degrees Celcius under unconcentrated condition. Another interesting topic is to achieve over 100 Wm-2 electricity-free cooling power density with simple fabrication method by passive radiative cooling under direction sunlight. We theoretically predicted three schemes for achieving this goal and experimentally demonstrate that a polymer-coated fused silica mirror, as a near-ideal black-body in the mid-infrared and near-ideal reflector in the solar spectrum, achieves radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight (8.2 °C) and at night (8.4 °C). Its performance exceeds that of a multi-layer thin film stack fabricated using vacuum deposition methods by nearly 3 °C. Furthermore, we estimate the cooler has an average net cooling power of about 127 Wm-2 during daytime at ambient temperature, more than twice that reported previously, even considering the significant influence of external conduction and convection. Our work demonstrates that abundant materials and straight-forward fabrication can be used to achieve daytime radiative cooling, advancing applications such as dry cooling of thermal power plants.
Artificial Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial neural networks are increasingly being used to model complex, nonlinear phenomena. The purpose of this chapter is to review the fundamentals of artificial neural networks and their major applications in geoinformatics. It begins with a discussion on the basic structure of artificial neural networks with the focus on the multilayer perceptron networks given their robustness and popularity. This is followed by a review on the major applications of artificial neural networks in geoinformatics, including pattern recognition and image classification, hydrological modeling, and urban growth prediction. Finally, several areas are identified for further research in order to improve the success of artificial neural networks for problem solving in geoinformatics.
Should Islamic Banking & Financial Institutions go with General Data Protection Regulation Compliance?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The new European Union (EU) data protection law - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)that is enforceable on all entities, within and outside the territory of European Union requires that follow entities dealing with private data of EU individuals should follow due procedures in regard to safe data handling and storage. This regulation is forcing all countries globally, including those in the Islamic countries to take special precautions. Islamic banks and financial institutions are key intermediaries fostering smooth foreign trade between Islamic and European countries. Lack of sufficiently strong data protection legislation in most of the Islamic countries is hampering conformity with GDPR. This leads to non-compliance and thereby paves way to heavy monetary penalties in the short-run and hurts business prospects with the European counties in the long-run, both of which are detrimental. This paper helps institutions in building frameworksby taking them through a series of compliance checks, build teamsto enforce standards, make knowledge repositories and to undertake necessary technical measures. Findings from this study can help Islamic companies in general and Islamic Banking & Financial institutions in particular in meeting GDPR compliance.Finally, this paper makes some key recommendations to the Governments, Regulators, Financial Institutions, Organizations and Individuals so that they can become GDPR complaint.
MEN1 gene mutation with parathyroid carcinoma: first report of a familial case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MENI) is rare and the 15 cases of malignant parathyroid tumor reported so far have been associated with MENI in individuals and not with multiple members within a family. Methods We report on a 61-year-old male, operated for a 7.3 cm parathyroid carcinoma infiltrating the esophagus. In his brother, a 4.6 cm parathyroid carcinoma was diagnosed histologically, while in the daughter, neck ultrasonography revealed 2 extrathyroidal nodules, yet to be excised. Results Screening of the MEN1 gene identified a known germline heterozygous missense mutation (c.1252G>A; p.D418N) in exon 9, in all affected subjects. Conclusions The occurrence of parathyroid carcinoma in more than one affected member of a single MEN1 family represents the first reported familial case. This suggests that additional constitutional genetic mutations may contribute to the variation in malignant potential and clinical behavior of parathyroid tumors in MEN1.
Adaptation of Winter Wheat Cultivars to Different Environments: A Case Study in Poland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A proper understanding of cultivar adaptation to different environments is of great relevance in agronomy and plant breeding. As wheat is the most important crop in Poland, with a total of about 22% of the total sown area, the study of its performance in environments with different productivity levels for consequent cultivar recommendation is of major importance. In this paper, we assess the relative performance of winter wheat cultivars in environments with different productivity and propose a method for cultivar recommendation, by considering the information of environmental conditions and drought stress. This is performed in the following steps: (1) calculation of expected wheat productivity, depending on environmental factors, (2) calculation of relative productivity of cultivars in the environments, and (3) recommendation of cultivars of a specific type and range of adaptation. Soil and weather conditions were confirmed as the most important factors affecting winter wheat yield. The weather factors should be considered rather in shorter (e.g., 10 day) than longer (e.g., 60 day) time periods and in relation to growth stages. The ANCOVA model with genotype and management intensity as fixed factors, and soil and weather parameters as covariates was proposed to assess the expected wheat productivity in particular environments and the expected performance of each genotype (cultivar). The recommendation of cultivars for locations of specified productivity was proposed based on the difference between the expected cultivar yield and the mean wheat productivity, and compared with the Polish official cultivar recommendation list.
LINGUOSTYLYSTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH PSYCHOLOGICAL NOVEL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

студентка ІІІ курсу Інституту міжнародних відносин Східноукраїнського національного університету імені Володимира ДаляСтаття присвячена мовним та стилістичним аспектам художнього перекладу англійського психологічного роману
Cultural Development Model Pakas Anim Leadership System Inside A Concept of Village Development Malin Anim People in Merauke

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The latest trend reveals that the model of cultural assistance in the development and analysis of information and technology of communication. Culture model with a traditional village governance system is a powerful tool to guide the development of Papua. This study examines the construction of Pakas anim-ism cultural model, which evolved from a historical and anthropological analysis of instructional products designed by and for Papua. Extrapolated finding from the analysis revealed a cultural context. The cultural context provides evidence of how the culture of an instructional product development embodied in Papua, especially for practicioners with pakas-anim leadership system for Malin anim people who live along the coast and the inland Merauke (Wendu, Buti, Wayau, Koa.). This data is more specific for the village development planners, therefore the design factor of development villages planning in Papua through cultural analysis is important to note. Pakas anim-ism model, one among many development models based on culture is the framework of instructional design that guides the designer through the design, management, development, and assessment processes with regard explicit of cultural context as consideration in planning the development of Papua in general, and in particular regarding to the Malin anim people in Merauke regency.
Genetic Variability and Differentiation of Geographically Marginal Scots Pine Populations From Ukraine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variability of six geographically marginal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations from Ukraine situated mainly on a longitudinal gradient was studied using allozymes and vertical PAGE technique. The populations have average observed heterozygosity Ho=0.262, and expected heterozygosity He=0.281. The mean value of Nei's genetic distance was 0.016, and FST was 0.020, similar to the values reported for Scots pine populations from other parts of the range. The obtained values of Nei's genetic distances (0.004 to 0.026) suggest that southern geographically marginal populations of Scots pine are as much differentiated as the central populations and have probably slightly higher level of differentiation than the northernmost populations.
Diplomacy World #5

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Back in 1974, Dr. Walter Buchanan decided that the growing postal Diplomacy hobby needed a "flagship" zine. The purpose of such a publication would be to distribute hobby news, discuss strategy and tactics, introduce new variants, and in general give the hobby member a place to go for everything EXCEPT to play the game itself. Diplomacy World was born! Diplomacy World has gone through many changes. What was once a postal zine, available only by subscription and in printed format, is now freely downloaded from the internet. Black and white has become color. With no postal expenses, size is less of a problem. Like the hobby itself, Diplomacy World has seen its ups and downs, but both remain. There have been many Lead Editors since the first. Some lasted for only a few issues, others remained for years. But through it all, it has been the hobby members, willing to contribute ideas and articles, which have kept Diplomacy World going.
Comparison of oil quality characteristics of Locusta migratoria, Allomyrina dichotoma, and Tenebrio molitor obtained using different extraction methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In preparation of future food shortages, edible insects are receiving more attention as alternative foods. However, research on the fat of edible insects and the newly permitted Locusta migratoria in South Korea has been insufficient. In this study, Soxhlet and three-phase partitioning (TPP) methods were used to extract the oils of L. migratoria , Allomyrina dichotoma , and Tenebrio molitor L., which are permitted as edible insects in South Korea. After measuring the yield of the extracted oils and comparing the difference between the species of edible insects and the extraction methods, the yield of T. molitor was the highest, followed by those of A. dichotoma and L. migratoria . In addition, yields were higher when oils were extracted using the Soxhlet method. The composition of fatty acids and volatile chemicals in the oils was measured using GC-FID and SPME-Arrow-GC-MS, respectively. Volatile concentrations extracted using the Soxhlet method were higher than those obtained using TPP and the major groups in the three oils were acids and pyrazines. The findings of this study can support more intensive research on edible insect oil and food utilisation.
Effectiveness of arthroscopic sub-acromial decompression in patients with sub-acromial Impingement syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Health Economists in Denmark have recently reported low and delayed return to work for patients treated for Sub-Acromial Impingement syndrome (SAIS) by Arthroscopic Sub-Acromial Decompression (ASAD). Surgeons however are reporting that patients achieve good pain relief and a high standard of activities of daily living (ADL) after surgery. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of ASAD for patients with SAIS and correlate clinical outcome with rate of return to work. Methods Prospective cohort study and retrospective review of data from the Nottingham Shoulder database (presentation: 01/04/2008–30/06/2011). Inclusion criteria: Patients diagnosed clinically with SAIS by an experienced shoulder surgeon, who have failed conservative treatment (physiotherapy and sub-acromial injection), undergoing ASAD. Pre-operative and 6-month follow-up Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and Constant Score (CS) were compared. The rates of return to pre-operative level of work were also analysed. Statistical analysis: Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results 73 patients with OSS (51 also with CS documentation) were included. The improvement in median OSS between pre-operative (24) and 6-month follow-up (39) was +15 (Z = −6.726, ∗∗∗, T=6, r=0.55). The difference in median CS between pre-operative (39) and 6-month follow-up (67) was +28 (Z=−5.435, T=6, r=0.59, ∗∗∗). Improvement in median pain score was +5 (7,12, ∗∗∗) median ADL was +5.5 (10.5,16, ∗∗∗) median ROM was +13 (18,31, ∗∗∗) and median strength was +4 (3,7, ∗∗∗). 76% returned to their pre-operative level of work (mean time = 11.5 weeks post surgery). 79% returned to their pre-operative hobbies (mean time = 11.8 weeks post surgery). Conclusion There is a significant improvement in OSS and CS, 6 months after ASAD in patients with SAIS who have had previous failed conservative treatment. The rate of return to work was good for these patients in contrast to that reported for Danish patients. (∗∗∗ = p
Mutants blocked in streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus - the role of A-factor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ninety-five streptomycin-nonproducing mutants derived from Streptomyces griseus FT-1 by UV-irradiation could be classified into major two classes by cosynthesis tests. Class I mutants (42 strains) were mutants blocked in the pathway of streptomycin biosynthesis while class II mutants (49 strains) required a factor for streptomycin biosynthesis which was excreted by the parental or class I mutant strains. The factor could be replaced by synthetic A-factor (2S-isocapryloyl-3-S-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) which restored both streptomycin biosynthesis and spore formation in the class II mutants. A-Factor deficient mutants were obtained from several strains of S. griseus and S. bikiniensis at high frequency by treatment with acridine orange or incubation at high temperature. A mutant whose streptomycin biosynthesis was independent of A-factor deficiency was found. The production of A-factor was distributed among various species of actinomycetes.
Potentiometric surface of the upper Patapsco Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1991

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A map showing the potentiometric surface of the upper Patapsco aquifer in the Patapsco Formation of Cretaceous age in southern Maryland during September 1991 was prepared from water levels measured in wells. The potentiometric surface was at least 70 feet above sea level near the northwestern boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in a topographically high area of Anne Arundel County, and at least 56 feet above sea level in a similar setting in Prince Georges County. From these high areas, the potentiometric surface declined to the south and southeast toward large well fields in the Annapolis and Waldorf areas and at the Chalk Point powerplant.
Does the transfer of farmland use rights increase farmers’ long‐term intention to work in cities?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates how the transfer of rural land contract management rights in China has influenced the choice of rural workers to work in cities in the long run. Using data from the Rural Household Survey and Migrant Household Survey from the China Household Income Project in 2007, 2008 and 2013, we find that rural land transfers and the subsequent human capital effect are found to play important roles in farmers’ decision to give up agricultural work and relocate to work in urban areas. Our findings indicate that the Chinese government should accelerate the implementation of policies that promote the separation of ownership rights, contracting rights and management rights of contracted land and continuously improve the rural land property rights system.
Managing Environmental Improvement through Product and Process Innovation: Implications of Environmental Life Cycle Assessment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Klassen, R.D., and Greis, N.P., 1993, Managing environmental improvement through product and process innovation: implications of environmental life cycle assess ment, Industrial & Environmental Crisis Quarterly, 7:4, 293-318. Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) is being developed by a number of organizations worldwide as a preventative and improvement strategy for managing the environmental burden of product manufacture. The growing international emphasis on LCA has significant strategic implications for the research and development (R&D) and manufacturing functions, particularly the management of product and process innovation. This paper explores the basic definition and objectives of LCA by comparing alternative frameworks being developed by the international community of U.S., Canadian and European organizations. This review serves three important purposes: first, the discussion identifies critical issues and implications for technology man agers ; second, the analysis explores the international differences for manu facturers producing for global markets; and finally, this research establishes the basis for a decision framework to manage environmental improvement through product and process innovation. This decision framework, based on the length of the product's useful life, summarizes the preferred option for manufacturers seeking to improve the environmental compatibility of their products and to reduce the environmental burden of their manufacturing operations.
Georges Bizet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Owing to the difficulties of the times, composers have become peculiarly complicated creatures, as if they were small-scale diplomats: they pretend endlessly. This chapter holds, however, that Georges Bizet was not like that at all. His life of frankness, even if it was brutal, was plain to see; he was loyal and sincere, and honest about his likes and dislikes. There was a similarity of character between him and Camille Saint–Saëns, the author, that brought them together. In all other respects, they were utterly different and pursued different ideals: Bizet was in search, above all, of passion and life; Saint–Saëns was chasing the chimaera of stylistic purity and formal perfection. For Saint–Saëns, Bizet was not a rival; he was a brother in arms.
Teaching the Taboo: The Academic Study of Religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While a certain hesitancy exists to discuss religion in the public sphere—and thus at a public university—in various fields of inquiry one encounters topics related to religion. This panel begins a conversation about why we as scholars and teachers find these religious topics enriching and the challenges associated with researching and teaching religious topics. Panelists will explore topics such as: how literary texts such as ghost stories require us to examine the concept of a divine order, and how forgiveness figures as a major theme in ghost stories and horror films; the ways in which expansions upon Biblical stories, in seeking to fill in the gaps of the Biblical narrative, create a space for inventing entire back-stories for otherwise silent figures in the Bible; and the historical and social context of postwar America's increasing religious diversity.
Effects of Heparanase-1/Syndecan-1 Axis on Invasive Ability of Hepatocarcinoma Cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Heparanase- 1 / Syndecan- 1 axis mediates the metastasis of many types of tumors. The change in invasive ability of tumor cell is the key factor to induce the spread of tumor cells from primary lesions to distant sites. This study aims to detect the existence of Heparanase- 1 / syndecan- 1 axis and the involved effects of Heparanase- 1 / syndecan- 1 axis on invasive ability of hepatocarcinoma cell Hepa1- 6. SDC- 1 small interfering RNA and recombinant HPA- 1( rHPA- 1) were used to treat Hepa1- 6 cells,and then SDC- 1 expression was detected by RT- PCR,Western- blot and immunocytochemistry assays,and Matrigel invasion test was performed to observe the invasive ability. The results showed that SDC- 1 small interfering RNA obviously inhibited SDC- 1expression; the treatment of rHPA- 1 significantly down- regulated the molecule weight of SDC- 1,but not changed the levels of SDC- 1 mRNA; both SDC- 1 knockdown and r HPA- 1 treatment promoted the invasion of Hepa1- 6 cells. In conclusion,HPA- 1 induces the metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cell via acting on SDC- 1 protein.
Uplink Capacity Analysis of TD-SCDMA Compatible GEO Mobile Satellite Communications System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The uplink capacity of GEO satellite mobile communication system compatible with TD-SCDMA is presented in this paper. An analysis on the interference and system capacity in the specific system is made according to the multi-beam model based on HFDD. Verified by simulation, the analysis not only provides a theoretical foundation for network planning of satellite system based on TD-SCDMA in terms of capacity, but also provides reference for the study of frequency reuse and multi-beam isolation related to system capacity.