jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Putative Ratio Rules for Facial Beauty Indexing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Understanding the rules of facial beauty is important for esthetic plastic surgery. Averageness and ideal proportions are the most investigated rules. In this paper, we integrate the findings on these two aspects to identify race invariant ideal facial proportions. Extensive research on the averageness hypothesis have verified that average faces are beautiful, which provides an objective way to generate representatives of beautiful faces. In order to ensure ethnic variety, 148 average faces from 61 countries/regions around the world have been collected to build the data set. 26 putative ratio rules, including golden ratio, neoclassical canons, etc., are collected to construct a candidate feature set. We first perform k-means clustering and then examine the 26 rules with respect to accuracy and universality on both the entire average face data set and individual clusters. The results show that: 1) the clustering result is consistent with the anthropologic divisions, 2) the top universal ratio features are consistent across different clusters, and 3) the accuracy of putative ratio rules can be improved by using data driven ideal values. The validity of the corrected ideal facial proportions has been verified on both synthesized faces and well-known beautiful faces in the real world.
Advances in Resistance Welding of Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (FRTPs) have become a new generation of lightweight materials due to their superior mechanical properties, good weldability and environmental resistance, potential for recycling, etc. The market for FRTPs is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8% from 2022 to 2030. Many researchers have been trying to solve the problems in their processing and joining process, and gradually expand their application. Resistance welding is one of the most suitable techniques to join FRTPs. This paper summarizes the research progress of FRTP resistance welding in terms of the basic process of FRTP resistance welding, factors affecting joint performance, joint failure behavior, numerical simulation, weld quality control, and resistance welding of thermoplastic/thermoset composites. The objective of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into the knowledge of FRTP resistance welding and provide reference for the further development and application of FRTP resistance welding.
Poor dental hygiene in pregnancy leading to submandibular cellulitis and intrauterine fetal demise: case report and literature review.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Ludwig's angina is an infectious process involving submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces that can rapidly progress to hemodynamic instability and airway obstruction. A 38-year-old unbooked multipara of low socioeconomic status with a poor oral and dental hygiene presented with bilateral submandibular cellulitis and intrauterine fetal demise. She delivered vaginally, and subsequently drainage was done for cellulitis. The report highlights the importance of dental hygiene during pregnancy, lest life-threatening complications like Ludwig's angina occur, complicating the course of pregnancy.
Technical Vocational Education Training and Entrepreneurship Redesigning a Pathway for Female Students in Technological Institutions in Southwest Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on redesigning a pathway for female students in technological institutions in Southwest Nigeria with the aim of promoting gender diversity and entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. The research identifies the challenges faced by female students in pursuing technological education and entrepreneurship, explores successful models from other regions, and proposes innovative strategies to enhance female participation and success. The objectives include designing interventions, assessing impact, creating a roadmap for implementation, and advocating for policy changes. By addressing gender disparities and creating a supportive environment, this project seeks to empower female students to excel in technology-related disciplines and contribute to the advancement of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in southwest Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to February 2024 among students from various technological higher institutions, using a convenience sampling technique. The calculated total sample size was 312. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. Analysis was done using percentage, binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression. 67.2% of the respondent experienced challenges in inclusion and supportive environment for Technological related program and not willing to continue with their career. Also 33 % of the respondent inclined to ascent to such career. Among them 32%, 31% and 37% were science, management and engineering students, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between entrepreneurship skills and building career on Technological education program
Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft safing design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In common with other interplanetary spacecraft, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft spends long periods of time out of ground contact. Even during ground contacts, the speed-of light limits realtime telemetry and commanding. Under these conditions, detection and correction of faults (safing) is a key area of spacecraft design. The goal of the safing design is to detect health-threatening faults, and to keep the spacecraft safe until the next ground contact. Fault diagnosis and correction (beyond that needed to keep the spacecraft safe) is a Mission Operations function. The critical aspects of spacecraft safety are power and communications. Because the spacecraft can operate on battery power only for a short period, keeping the fixed solar panels pointed towards the sun and the spacecraft load below the solar panel output is the first priority of the safing design. The second priority of the safing design is to place Earth within the pattern of an antenna that can be used to communicate throughout the mission. In keeping with the distributed spacecraft design, safing functions are likewise distributed between the Command and Data Handling subsystem and the Guidance and Control subsystem. Simple, reliable coordination of safing conditions and actions are required. Drivers of the safing design are the need to delay finalizing the safing algorithms as late as possible in the system development, to introduce flexible safing algorithms, and to create a testable system.
Understanding Deterrence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The challenge of deterrence—discouraging states from taking unwanted actions, especially military aggression—has again become a principal theme in U.S. defence policy. This chapter reviews the fundamentals of deterrence in theory and practice. It surveys basic definitions and types of deterrence, including central versus extended deterrence and techniques of deterring by denial or punishment. The chapter argues that it in inaccurate to equate deterrence strength with the local military balance, which is one important factor in deterrence success, but not the only one. It examines three essential conditions for deterrence success: The level of aggressor motivation, clarity about the object of deterrence and the actions the defender will take, and the defender’s capability and will to fulfil threats.
Lecture 10 (January 6, 2011) 22 Localization for simplicial presheaves

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Suppose that C is a small Grothendieck site, and that S is a set of cofibrations A → B in the category s Pre(C) of simplicial presheaves on C. I’m going to assume throughout this section that I is a simplicial presheaf on C with two disjoint global sections 0, 1: ∗ → I. The object I will be called an interval, whether it looks like one or not. The examples that we are most likely to care about include the following: 1) the simplicial set ∆ 1 with the two vertices 0, 1: ∗ → ∆ 1, 2) Bπ( ∆ 1) with the two vertices 0, 1: ∗ → π( ∆ 1) in the fundamental groupoid π( ∆ 1) of ∆ 1, 3) the affine line A 1 over a scheme S with the rational points 0, 1: S → A 1. The basic idea behind the flavour of localization theory which will be presented here, is that one wants to construct, in a minimal way, a homotopy theory on simplicial presheaves for which the cofibrations are the monomorphisms, all of the maps
Analisis Kepuasan Kerja Guru Di SMK Negeri 1 Tulung Selapan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The teacher is the most important dimension of the education process. Schools must carry out good management of teachers by providing services to realize teacher job satisfaction in schools. In this study using a qualitative approach approach with data sources in this study consisting of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. To analyze the data using the theory of Milles and Humberman. From the results of the study, it can be found that the job satisfaction of teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Tulung Selapan, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in terms of job satisfaction factors with work, imbalances, supervisory supervisors, coworkers, and appropriate promotions. This means that every point on teacher job satisfaction is not a negative reason for teachers not to carry out optimally. Although at the point of work, there are a small number of teachers who teach not according to their educational qualifications, but personally the individual is not a problem for the teacher. With the artist, the teacher is still comfortable in teaching even though the subjects he teaches are not in accordance with his educational qualifications.
The procedure for legalizing foreign public documents after the Apostille Convention accession: A statutory approach study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was based on the national efforts to simplify the procedure for the legalization of foreign public documents to improve the investment climate. This research focuses on the implementation of the legalization of foreign public documents after the accession of the Apostille Convention in Indonesia. The main basis for examination was Presidential Regulation No. 2 of 2021 on the Accession of the Convention of Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, also known as the Apostille Convention. The method used is a normative juridical research method. This research emphasizes library research by using secondary data sources such as statutory provisions, legal theory, and scientific works (Suteki & Taufani, 2020). The statutory approach is carried out by analyzing the statutory provisions related to the legal issues being studied (Marzuki, 2016). Furthermore, an analysis of legal materials is carried out using qualitative analysis described in sentences without mathematical calculations or statistics as an analytical tool. The results showed that the implementation of the Apostille Convention does not necessarily render the current legalization of public documents invalid, but rather replaces it with a simpler procedure, namely the issuance of an apostille certificate, which functions as a statement of the validity of the document. The conclusion highlighted the need for ratifying the Apostille Convention comes into force, especially in ASEAN member countries to enhance the foreign direct investment in this association.
Effect of prehospital multimodal prehabilitation on preoperative function and postoperative recovery in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective·To explore the effect of a prehospital multimodal prehabilitation program on the preoperative functional status and postoperative recovery of patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors.Methods·A total of 78 patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors, hospitalized in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June to December 2023, were enrolled. They were divided into the standard group (SD group, n=40) and the prehospital multimodal prehabilitation group (PMP group, n=38) by using random number table. From the time the operation was agreed upon by both the doctor and patient to the day before the operation, the SD group followed the routine preoperative guidance, while the PMP group received a home-based prehospital multimodal prehabilitation program. The general data of patients were collected, and the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was compared between the two groups at baseline and on the day before operation.The length of postoperative hospitalization, time to first flatus, time to first ambulation, time to first oral intake, drainage removal time and postoperative complication rate were also compared between the two groups.Results·There was no difference in general data and duration of preoperative intervention of patients between the two groups. At baseline, there was no significant difference in 6MWD between the two groups. On the day before operation, the 6MWD in the PMP group was higher than that in the SD group (P= 0.016). Changes in 6MWD in the PMP group were significantly higher compared to SD group during the preoperative period, with values of (23.42±13.59) m vs. (-3.75±12.08) m (P<0.001). Time to first flatus, time to first ambulation and time to first oral intake in the PMP group were earlier than those in the SD group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in drainage removal time, postoperative hospitalization and postoperative complication rate between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion·Prehospital multimodal prehabilitation can improve the preoperative function and accelerate the postoperative recovery in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies.
Damage propagation at the interface’s localization-delocalization transition of the confined Ising model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The propagation of damage in a confined magnetic Ising film, with short range competing magnetic fields ($h$) acting at opposite walls, is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Due to the presence of the fields, the film undergoes a wetting transition at a well defined critical temperature $T_w(h)$. In fact, the competing fields causes the occurrence of an interface between magnetic domains of different orientation. For $T < T_w(h)$ ($T > T_w(h)$) such interface is bounded (unbounded) to the walls, while right at $T_w(h)$ the interface is essentially located at the center of the film. It is found that the spatio-temporal spreading of the damage becomes considerably enhanced by the presence of the interface, which act as a ''catalyst'' of the damage causing an enhancement of the total damaged area. The critical points for damage spreading are evaluated by extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit using a finite-size scaling approach. Furthermore, the wetting transition effectively shifts the location of the damage spreading critical points, as compared with the well known critical temperature of the order-disorder transition characteristic of the Ising model. Such a critical points are found to be placed within the non-wet phase.
Technology for increasing pasture productivity by intensive grazing with animals in the Karnabchul steppe (Uzbekistan)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The work presents information on the effect of livestock grazing on the biomass productivity of pastures, the chemical composition of biomass, and the amount of nutrients. In the study, it was determined that biomass productivity increases in pastures intensively grazed by livestock. Also, differences in the chemical composition of biomass were noted in intensively and lightly grazed pastures. It has been shown that the amount of nutrients in pastures intensively grazed by livestock is higher than these indicators of less grazed pastures by the 3rd year. As a result, planned grazing with livestock is based on maintaining the stability of pastures.
eEvidence: supplying evidence to the patient interaction.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nursing demands that all care offered to patients is appropriately assessed, delivered and evaluated; the care offered must be up to date and supported by adequately researched published evidence. A basic logic suggests that information and communications technology can help the nurse in maintaining his/her care provision to the highest level through presenting relevant evidence. The nursing need for evidence to support the delivery of care is a global phenomenon. Within the project this is demonstrated by the fact that the project lead is resident in England and the project is being carried out in Singapore with the help of the National University Hospital, the Alice Lee Centre of Nursing Studies and the School of Computing at the National University of Singapore. The project commenced in January 2008, this paper will present the background thinking to the project design and will describe the outcomes which will provide nurses with individual supportive evidence for their practice gleaned from quality assured sources. The project will use information and communications technology to provide the evidence on an individual basis. The paper will outline the four key elements of the project, these being the development of user (professional) profiles; the design and development of an automatic crawler search engine to deliver quality assured evidence sources and software design; there will be some mention of hardware design and maintenance which is the fourth key element. Within the paper, consideration will be given to the added value of the project to the nurses, their patients/clients, the research agenda and the employing organisation: The drive for information is determined by the nurses in clinical and community practice. Evidence available immediately at the point of intervention with patient/client. No patient information stored within structure. All technology and almost all support software already available. Additional information can flow both ways for quality and activity audits. Identification of areas weak in evidence requiring supportive research will be driven by practice. Immediate dissemination of new generic practices and principles can be delivered to each nurse on syncopation, removing the requirements for paper updates etc. Process can be transferred across all healthcare clinical professions In conclusion, information will be given on progress to date in terms of technical applicability and user acceptance by the nursing staff. In addition, an insight will be given as to managing a multiprofessional, multi-organisational project from a distance.
DEMOGRAPHY OF AGEING POPULATION IN NIGERIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nigeria, like many other African countries, is experiencing a rapidly ageing population, with significant implications for healthcare, social security, and economic growth. Lack of functional national policy on the care and welfare of older persons in Nigeria, the breakdown of the family structure and the absence of a social security system, present unique challenges to the elderly in Nigeria. This paper analyzes the demography of the ageing population in Nigeria with a focus on the trends, challenges, and implications for healthcare, social security and economic growth. The paper relied on secondary sources of data such as journal articles and books in the area of the ageing population in Nigeria for its analysis. The Disengagement Theory provided theoretical pathway for the study. Based on the review, it was found that the rapidly ageing population poses challenges to Nigeria’s development including strains on social security system, increased healthcare costs, and potential decline in economic productivity. These challenges are due to lack of policies and the appointment of personnel capable of understanding and responding to the current social priorities and complex needs of an increasingly aging population in the country. The paper recommends among others, the need for policy makers to put in place, functional policies towards a robust public pension, insurance and healthcare system to ensure a more sustainable and equitable future for the ageing population in Nigeria.
TESLA RF Power Coupler Thermal Calculations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main RF power coupler is one of the key elements of the accelerating module for the superconducting linac. It provides RF power to the cavity and interconnect different temperature layers in the module. Therefore statistical and dynamical thermal losses have to be optimized. Different operating modes as well as geometries were investigated. Coupler design optimization studies are carried out for TESLA and for the XFEL case. Especially long pulse operation for the X-FEL is being investigated.
Comparative activities of cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and ofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from bite wounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We studied the comparative in vitro activities of 10 oral antimicrobial agents against 147 aerobic and 61 anaerobic bacteria making up species in 13 genera (Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Eikenella corrodens, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus-Actinobacillus spp., M-5, EF-4, Moraxella spp., Flavobacterium IIb, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp.) that were isolated from bite wounds. Cefuroxime was generally greater than fourfold more active than cephalexin and cefadroxil against all aerobic isolates, including Pasteurella multocida. The fluoroquinolones were highly active against most aerobic isolates but were less active against anaerobic isolates. Ciprofloxacin was generally more active than either enoxacin or ofloxacin. Discrepancies of greater than 30% in the interpretation of susceptibilities between break points suggested by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and those related to oral dose peak levels (one-half to one-quarter of maximum achievable concentrations) were noted in 14% (18 of 130) of the instances.
Freedom and Omnipotence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

How is p to be understood? (a) A possible set of persons is a co-possible set of possible persons. . . a set S of possible persons is a co-possible set of possible persons just in case it is logically possible that every member of S is instantiated (212) is a possible person x is a consistent set of determinate H properties such that (1) for every determinate H property P with respect to which x is not free, either P or P is a member of x, and (2) x does not entail any indeterminate property. (215-16) An H property is a property which it is logically possible for a human being to have. .... an H property Q is indeterminate if God creates a person and causes him to have Q is necessarily false; an H property is determinate if it is not indeterminate. (213) .. a person S is free with respect to a property P just in case there is some action A with respect to which S is free and which is such that S has P if and only