jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identified PAH V230A and PAH V230I mutations in a family with diverse clinical presentations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Key Clinical Message Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a hereditary disorder caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (PAH) defects that might cause severe brain damage. The current main treatment, dietary management, can prevent the symptoms if commenced early. However, it has side effects if used for a long time. Additionally, some patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia (mHPA), who has serum phenylalanine levels <360 μmol/L, do not require treatment. Since the correlation between genotype and metabolic phenotype has been demonstrated earlier, genotype‐based detection of patients who do not need treatment might help with genetic counseling and choosing the most appropriate treatment option. In this study, we report an asymptomatic adult with mHPA who had never taken any medical intervention to control or lower her serum phenylalanine level (Phe). She had 179 μmol/L serum phenylalanine level and carried p.[V230A];[V230I] genotype. Her child was affected with phenylketonuria and had p.[V230A];[V230A] genotype. Both pathogenic variants detected in the asymptomatic adult with mHPA were computationally analyzed to assess their pathogenicity and the p.V230I pathogenic variant was demonstrated to be responsible for the mHPA phenotype in the asymptomatic adult detected in this study. The findings in this study could contribute to genetic counseling and treatment for families and individuals with p.[V2030I];[V230A] genotype.
Isolation within the Black and/or Caribbean Community: Implications of Identity, Cultural Transference, and Belonging

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>The goal of this study is to examine and highlight experiences of isolation among Black and/or Caribbean first-generation immigrants in the GTA. It seeks to explore how this community experiences isolation, and how they navigate culture, belonging, and identity. This is a qualitative research study that involved one-on-one interviews with three participants using semi-structured interviews. The study used a narrative methodology. This methodology enabled the exploration of the participants’ experiences through stories, and their lived experiences. Critical Race Theory and Anti-Colonialism Theory were used to analyze literature and findings. These frameworks will highlight the implications of race, and its influence in the experiences of people from the Black and/or Caribbean community. This study hopes to offer a unique perspective on the importance of community and culture in dealing with racism, and settlement within Canada.</p>
Development and Validation of Overset Methods in PyFR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Overset methods enable us to effectively simulate problems with moving geometries, such as turbines and flapping wings. With rapid advances in high performance architectures, such as graphics processing units (GPU), a new type of parallel direct cut method was recently developed by Crabill et al., which foresees the applications of flux reconstruction methods with the overset capability to implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) of turbines, rotorcrafts, etc., which operate at moderate Reynolds number. We will talk about the integration of the parallel direct cut method into PyFR, especially for the GPU backend, coupled with the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method for moving objects. Both inviscid and viscous benchmark cases will be used to validate the developed methods.
Supplementary material from "Do mixed-species groups of capuchin (Sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) synchronize their behaviour?"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the wild, coordinated behaviour across group members is essential for maintaining spatial coherence, with potential implications for individual fitness. Such coordination often leads to behavioural synchrony (performing the same behaviour at the same time). Tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are known to form mixed-species groups (MSGs), travelling and foraging together. Yet, it is unclear if it is necessary to synchronize behaviours in captivity when ecological pressures are minimal compared to the wild. We investigated the extent two MSGs of capuchins (N = 35) and squirrel monkeys (N = 26), synchronized their behaviour with conspecifics and heterospecifics at the Living Links to Human Evolution Research Centre, RZSS, Edinburgh Zoo. Group activities were sampled by instantaneous scans of all visible individuals. Scans (n = 180) were analysed for five most frequently observed behaviours. Intraspecies synchrony was calculated using Simpson's Diversity Index, and interspecies synchrony was measured using cross-correlations. Intraspecific synchrony was significantly greater compared to randomly aggregated data, while cross-correlations indicated interspecific asynchrony. Living together did not lead to interspecific synchrony as may be expected given the coordination and behaviour described in the wild, and shared husbandry in captivity. Overall, our findings highlight differences in the behavioural structure of single- versus MSGs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
Monitoring Chemical Reactions in the Solid State by EXAFS Spectroscopy: Study of the Fe-Si Binary System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonitoring Chemical Reactions in the Solid State by EXAFS Spectroscopy: Study of the Fe-Si Binary SystemGerardo Chacon, Chong Zheng, and Xinghong FengCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 14, 4197–4198Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00119a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00119a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal control policy for two consecutive operations with time constraints

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, with the advancement of the production line, the queue time constraints become an important instrument to improve the product quality. Proper production control for time constraints not only secures product quality but also improves fabrication productivity. Achieving high utilization and low rework rate are the important objectives. A good control policy should maintain a balance between these two objectives. In order to achieve this goal, an approximation queuing model of two single servers with a fixed queue time constraint in between is been proposed. To understand the impact of this project, start from studying the performance of two single servers with fixed time constraint in between. The tandem queue is fed with jobs of a single product type and the service time is constant. In this project assume both servers suffer identically distributed time based pre-emptive interruptions. The objective will validate with an optimal queuing model using Matlab program. The Matlab program is to stimulate the queuing system with different combination of parameter set such as service time between station 1 and station 2, queue length, warm up size, sample size, material cost, mean time to failure (MTTF) and finally mean time to repair (MTTR). This report presents the analysis of the rework rate, loss rate and the safety (Work In Process) WIP level of the queuing system in order to minimize the production cost with considering the trade-off between rework rates and loss rates.
Original article The Reactome BioMart

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reactome is an open source, expert-authored, manually curated and peer-reviewed database of reactions, pathways and biological processes. We provide an intuitive web-based user interface to pathway knowledge and a suite of data analysis tools. The Reactome BioMart provides biologists and bioinformaticians with a single web interface for performing simple or elaborate queries of the Reactome database, aggregating data from different sources and providing an opportunity to integrate experimental and computational results with information relating to biological pathways. Database
Pheochromocytomas and Ganglioneuromas in the Aging Rats: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated, morphologically and immunohistochemically, 74 medullary adrenal tumors, including 64 pheochromocytomas (14 malignant and 50 benign), 9 ganglioneuromas, and 1 malignant schwannoma. The tumors were detected in 2-year-old Wistar and Sprague—Dawley rats from carcinogenicity studies. Morphologically, benign pheochromocytomas were characterized by monomorphic, small, basophilic cells with almost absence of mitoses. Malignant pheochromocytomas presented a low grade of pleomorphism, higher rate of mitoses, necrosis, infiltrative growth and in 1 case metastases in the lung. Ganglioneuromas were characterized by ganglion and neuron-like cells embedded in an eosinophilic matrix containing neurites, Schwann cells, and scant fibrovascular elements. All pheochromocytomas were strongly immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. Subpopulations of chromaffin cells expressed chromogranin A (CGA) positivity. Matrix and Schwann cells were positive for S-100 and for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In focal areas of the tumors, ganglion cells and axons were positive for neurofilament proteins (NFP) and synaptophysin. Ganglion cells exhibited peripherin and ß-tubulin. Proliferative activity of the tumors was assessed by immunostaining the endogenous cell proliferation associated-antigen Ki-67 and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). As expected, cell proliferation indeces were much higher in malignant pheochromocytomas than in benign, yet ganglioneuromas remained immunonegative. Considering that Ki-67 antigen is more specific for cell proliferation, it should be regarded as marker of choice for supporting the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas.
Magnetoelectricity induced by rippling of magnetic nanomembranes and wires

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magnetoelectric crystals have the interesting property that they allow electric fields to induce magnetic polarizations, and vice versa, magnetic fields to generate ferroelectric polarizations. Having such a magnetoelectric coupling usually requires complex types of magnetic textures, e.g., of spiraling type. Here, we establish a previously unknown approach to generate linear magnetoelectric coupling in ferromagnetic insulators with intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). We show that the effect of nanoscale curved geometries combined with the intrinsic DMI of the magnetic shell lead to a reorganization of the magnetic texture that spontaneously breaks inversion symmetry and thereby induces macroscopic magnetoelectric multipoles. Specifically, we prove that structural deformation in the form of controlled ripples activates a magnetoelectric monopole in the recently synthesized two-dimensional magnets. We also demonstrate that in zigzag-shaped ferromagnetic wires in planar architectures, a magnetic toroidal moment triggers direct linear magnetoelectric coupling.
Narrative Representation of Causes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Narrative is just one form of representation, distinguished in some way from representations of other kinds-essays, treatises, arguments, insults, portraits, lyric poems, for example.' One attempt to say what is distinctive about narratives appeals to the kinds of representational contents they have: they are distinctive in focusing on particulars, in the particularity of their causal and temporal relations. The unity of a narrative, some degree of which is required if we are to have a narrative at all, is partly a matter of causal unity. With a highly unified narrative we find causal relations between
Ten years of sauropod vertebrae!

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Amazingly (to me, anyway), SV-POW! is ten years old today. It was on 1st October 2007 that we published&nbsp;Hello world!, our first post, featuring a picture of what may still be our favourite single sauropod vertebra: the ?8th cervical of the Giraffatitan brancai paralectotype MB.R.2181.
[So-called post-herpetic neuralgia and phantom limb pain: therapeutic concepts needing review].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After a brief review of the most recent findings on peripheral nerve nociception and deafferentation, the advisability of considering two so-called neuralgias - postherpetic neuralgia and phantom limb pain - in the more complex framework of deafferentation syndromes is examined together with the consequent need for a basic review of the therapeutic approaches pursued up to the present in the antalgic treatment of these two syndromes.
Development and Validation of A Critical Thinking Assessment on Temperature and Heat for Secondary Physics Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background/purpose. Critical thinking (CT) is fundamental in science education, but instruments to measure CT in specific domains, such as physics, are still limited. The present study aims to develop and validate the Critical Thinking Test in Temperature and Heat (CTTH), an instrument designed to measure critical thinking skills in the topic of temperature and heat in physics. Methods. The development of CTTH refers to a common critical thinking test framework. The validation process involved expert review from seven experts in physics education, a small-scale pilot test with 33 students, and final validation with 720 secondary school students, ensuring the test items' clarity, relevance, and psychometric quality. Instrument reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and Fleiss' kappa for inter-rater reliability. Results. The CTTH exhibits adequate reliability, with internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, confirming the instrument's effectiveness in measuring critical thinking skills in the context of physics. CTTH is a measurement instrument that can measure critical thinking skills related to temperature and heat in physics learning. Conclusion. The CTTH instrument offers a resource for further research on the integration of critical thinking in physics education. Future research is suggested to expand the critical thinking assessment framework and answer research questions for wider application in science education.
Splash Dynamics of Paint on Dry, Wet, and Cooled Surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In his classic study in 1908, A.M. Worthington gave a thorough account of splashes and their formation through visualization experiments. In more recent times, there has been renewed interest in this subject, and much of the underlying physics behind Worthington’s experiments has now been clarified. One specific set of such recent studies, which motivates this paper, concerns the fluid dynamics behind Jackson Pollock’s drip paintings. The physical processes and the mathematical structures hidden in his works have received serious attention and made the scientific pursuit of art a compelling area of exploration. Our current work explores the interaction of watercolors with watercolor paper. Specifically, we conduct experiments to analyze the settling patterns of droplets of watercolor paint on wet and frozen paper. Variations in paint viscosity, paper roughness, paper temperature, and the height of a released droplet are examined from time of impact, through its transient stages, until its final, dry state. Observable phenomena such as paint splashing, spreading, fingering, branching, rheological deposition, and fractal patterns are studied in detail and classified in terms of the control parameters.
Steps of Sustainable Development Implementation into Enterprise Activities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Nowadays, principles of the sustainable development concept are present in almost all areas of life, play a key role in efforts to protect the environment, activities for the community and economic development. One of the "beneficiaries" of this concept are the enterprises, both small local as well as those with a global reach. In almost every operating company, in a greater or lesser extent, pillars of sustainable development are used, but before this happened - these companies have to go through a few steps, that led to the full implementation of the sustainable development concept and its application in practical terms. This article presents and describes in detail, the various stages of completion of which is the existence and the practical use of the sustainable development concept in its activities.
Minimal access mediastinal surgery: One or two lung ventilation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background : Minimal access mediastinal surgery (MAMS) is usually performed under general anaesthesia with double lumen tubes (DLT). The aim of this study is to evaluate two lung ventilation through single lumen tubes (SLT) during thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis and thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Methods : In this prospective non-randomized study, MAMS was performed in 58 patients with hyperhidrosis and 42 patients with myasthenia gravis, from January 2002 to December 2008. Patients were intubated with a DLT or SLT, 50 patients in each group. In the DLT group, endobronchial tubes were placed using the traditional blind approach and one lung ventilation was confirmed clinically. In the SLT group, the hemithorax was insufflated with CO2 in conjunction with two-lung anaesthesia. All the patients were evaluated for haemodynamic stability, oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (Spo2), end-tidal Pco2 (ETPco2), times required for intubation and surgery, satisfaction of surgeon with regard to exposure and postoperative complications. Results : In the SLT group, all the patients had stable haemodynamic and ventilation parameters. In the DLT group, haemodynamic instability occurred in two, decrease in Spo2 in four and increase in ETPco2 in three patients. One patient in the DLT group developed vocal cord granuloma two months later. Time required for surgery and the surgeon′s opinion with regard to exposure were similar for both groups. Conclusion : Thoracoscopic surgery when used in cases where a well-collapsed lung may not be essential, since surgery is not performed on the lung itself, does not require DLT. SLT is safe in MAMS. It provides good surgical exposure and decreases the cost, time and undesirable complications of DLT.
Sensitivity of Rural Households’ Livelihood Strategies to Livelihood Capital in Poor Mountainous Areas: An Empirical Analysis in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Exploring the sensitivity of rural households’ livelihood strategies to livelihood capital is of great significance for improving rural households’ livelihood levels. This paper selects 23 livelihood capital measurement indicators and conducts an in-depth survey of rural households. In addition, the entropy method and a weighted comprehensive model are used to explore the basic characteristics of rural households’ livelihood capital in the upper reaches of the Min River, China, in 2017. Furthermore, econometric models are used to analyze the sensitivity of rural households’ livelihood strategies to livelihood capital. As indicated from the research, the livelihood capital levels of different types of rural households in the study area are not equivalent. The types of rural households with different livelihood strategies can be ordered in terms of quantity as follows: non-agricultural type > non-agricultural dominant type > agricultural dominant type > pure agricultural type. Livelihood strategies have different sensitivities to different livelihood capital measurement indicators. Among these indicators, cash income, the number of relatives and friends available for financial assistance, and the number of civil servants have positive effects on the livelihood strategy selection of non-agricultural dominant rural households and non-agricultural rural households. However, the average age of laborers, area of cultivated land and gardens, number of livestock and poultry, and present value of production tools have negative effects. These evaluation results can provide a scientific decision-making basis for the formulation of poverty alleviation policies by relevant government departments.
Interatomic collisions in a tightly confined Bose gas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss pair interatomic collisions in a Bose gas tightly confined in one\n(axial) direction and identify two regimes of scattering. In the quasi2D\nregime, where the confinement frequency $\\omega_0$ greatly exceeds the gas\ntemperature $T$, the scattering rates exhibit 2D features of the particle\nmotion. At temperatures $T\\sim\\hbar\\omega_0$ one has a confinement-dominated 3D\nregime, where the confinement can change the momentum dependence of the\nscattering amplitudes. We describe the collision-induced energy exchange\nbetween the axial and radial degrees of freedom and analyze recent experiments\non thermalization and spin relaxation rates in a tightly (axially) confined gas\nof Cs atoms.\n
Non-specialist Interference in Medical Decisions: The Patient, the Family, and Ethics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emergence of private clinics has led, in the name of objectivity and for the real good of the patient, to a separation between the medical and the non-specialist worlds. However, the evolutions in medicine and external social movements have gradually restored his/her status of subject to the patient. The intention here is to give an account of this progressive institutionalisation of such non-specialist intervention, not only in the medical sphere (amply studied in the sociological literature), but also (in the United States at least) within medical decision-making itself, via a legal recognition of the autonomy of the patient as a first step; then via the legitimacy for the family to intervene; and finally via recourse to the social sphere by means of clinical ethics. In this sense such evolution differs from the ethical debate in France, and especially from the real-world practices focused on a more medicalised model for managing the uncertain. In the United States such transformations have indeed led to regulation modes allowing one to introduce even into clinical activity, not only the patient as a subject with all his/her wishes, but also via recourse to clinical ethics, the social body in its whole.