jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P204 Mitochondrial dysfunction may explain innate immunoparesis and susceptibility to infection of patients with alcoholic hepatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most florid form of alcohol related liver disease. Infection develops in 50% of patients and is strongly associated with mortality. Innate immune paresis is recognised in this condition, but mechanisms have been elusive. Mitochondrial damage within hepatocytes in AH is a strong prognostic finding however mitochondrial defects in immune cells have not been investigated. We therefore sought to explain innate immune defects in patients with AH by probing the mitochondrial function of circulating monocytes and neutrophils in AH.

Methods

Experiments were performed on whole blood after red cell lysis from 5 AH patients and 4 healthy controls (HC) with and without 10 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 4 hours. Flow cytometry was used to quantify mitochondrial mass, polarization and superoxide leak using MitoTracker Green (MT), MitoStatus Red (MS), MitoSOX Red probes. To control for variations in mass Mitochondrial Polarization Ratio (MPR) was calculated from MS:MT fluorescence ratio. IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 & TNFa production were quantified using intracellular cytokine signalling. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial membrane depolarising agent, was used to recapitulate membrane depolarisation in healthy monocyte mitochondria at doses ranging from 0–100μM.

Results

Stimulated TNFa production was impaired in AH monocytes (12070 vs 37200 MFI; p=0.02). Mitochondrial mass was greater in AH monocytes vs HC (23802 vs 12926 MFI; p=0.02) and had greater mitochondrial superoxide leak (1791 vs 894 MFI; p=0.03). Unstimulated AH monocyte MPR was lower than HC (0.522 vs 0.815; p=0.032). Unlike HC, AH monocytes failed to hyperpolarize with stimulation (HC 10 ng/mL vs 100 ng/mL LPS 1.28 vs 1.57 MPR, p=0.046 compared to AH 10 ng/mL vs 100 ng/mL LPS 0.58 vs 0.6 MPR, p=ns: figure 1). Similar trends were demonstrated in AH neutrophils. Monocyte MPR correlated strongly with TNFa production (r=0.733; p=0.031) whereas mitochondrial superoxide leak had strong negative correlation (r=-0.8776; p=0.004). Exposure of HC to mitochondrial depolarizer CCCP reduced production of TNFa in a dose dependant manner (0 vs 10 vs 50 vs 100μM CCCP; TNFa 45850 vs 39404 vs 29130 vs 14698 MFI).

Conclusion

AH monocytes and neutrophils harbour dysfunctional mitochondria. Specific defects in mitochondrial membrane polarization and superoxide leak correlate strongly with impaired TNFa production from AH monocytes, a phenomenon that has been repeatedly associated with increased susceptibility to infection. Further investigation into the precise nature of these mitochondrial defects may identify reversible targets to reduce susceptibility to infection for alcoholic hepatitis patients.
A Powerful Strategy for Synthesizing Block Copolymers via Bimetallic Synergistic Catalysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Block copolymers, comprising polyether and polyolefin segments, are an important and promising category of functional materials. However, the lack of efficient strategies for the construction of polyether‐ b ‐polyolefin block copolymers have hindered the development of these materials. Herein, we propose a simple and efficient method to obtain various block copolymers through the copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates via bimetallic synergistic catalysis. The copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates proceeds in a sequence‐controlled manner, where the epoxides‐involved homo‐ or copolymerization occurs first, followed by the homopolymerization of acrylates initiated by the alkoxide species from the propagating polymer chain, thus yielding copolymers with a block structure. Notably, the high monomer compatibility of this powerful strategy provides a platform for synthesizing various polyacrylate‐based block copolymers comprising polyether, polycarbonate, polythiocarbonate, polyester, and polyurethane segments, respectively.
A Genetic Algorithm with the Improved 2-opt Method for Quadratic Assignment Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new 2-opt base method as a local search approach used with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in Memetic Algorithm. We got a hint from the fast 2-opt method and devised the new 2-opt method. The main different point is such that our method exchanges genes by using histories of contributions to fitness value improvement. The contribution level is represented by the value `Priority’.In computer experiment, Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) instances are solved by GA with the 2-opt method(First Admissible Move Strategy, the Best Admissible Move Strategy), the fast 2-opt, and our proposed method for comparative evaluation. The results showed that our improved method obtained better solutions at ealier generation of the GA and our method required less computation time than the others at some upper bound value of appropriate `Priority’ setting values. Specially, at the average elapsed time of the fast 2-opt method’s 1000th generation, the exact solution findings of ours is more than the others. In further experiment, we observe that the searching capability depends on the number of levels of `Priority’. The ratio between two different Priority level sets becomes 1.59 in computation time in solving problem instance “char25a". This characteristic is shown to be statistically significant in ten instances among eleven.
Clinical glycoproteomics: methods and diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Glycoproteins, representing a significant proportion of posttranslational products, play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as signal transduction and immune response. Abnormal glycosylation may lead to structural and functional changes of glycoprotein, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Consequently, exploring protein glycosylation can shed light on the mechanisms behind disease manifestation and pave the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, the study of clinical glycoproteomics is fraught with challenges due to the low abundance and intricate structures of glycosylation. Recent advancements in mass spectrometry‐based clinical glycoproteomics have improved our ability to identify abnormal glycoproteins in clinical samples. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles and recent advancements in clinical glycoproteomic methodologies and applications. Furthermore, we discussed the typical characteristics, underlying functions, and mechanisms of glycoproteins in various diseases, such as brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, kidney diseases, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlighted potential avenues for future development in clinical glycoproteomics. These insights provided in this review will enhance the comprehension of clinical glycoproteomic methods and diseases and promote the elucidation of pathogenesis and the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
ChemInform Abstract: How Far Can a Carbanion Delocalize? 13C NMR Studies on Soliton Model Compounds.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of Electroconductive, Superhydrphobic and Flame-Retardant Cotton Fibers via Pad-Dry-Cure Process using Silicone Rubber and Ammonium Polyphosphate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although pyrovatex has been widely utilized as commercial flame-retardant material, the discharge of poisonous formaldehyde is still a major concern. On the other side, fluorine-based materials have been successfully used to impart superhydrophobic textile surfaces, but they are highly expensive and extremely toxic. Based on these challenging concerns, we report a simple one-step method for the production of flame-retardant and water-repellent coating onto an electroconductive cotton-nickel (Cot-Ni) blend fabric. Firstly, the electroconductive cotton was prepared by weaving nickel strip twisted around cotton core yarns, which were then weaved with pure cotton yarns to introduce Cot-Ni blend fabric. Secondly a composite comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) was applied onto the electroconductive cotton fabrics via one-step pad-dry-cure technique. Results showed that the flame-retardant effect of cotton was enhanced due to the high binding of RTV with both APP and cotton fibers. Thus, different concentrations of APP were implemented in the composite to establish that only 100 g/L of APP with RTV presented an improved fire-retardancy. The surface of Cot-Ni fabric displayed different hierarchical morphologies relying on the concentration of APP. Moreover, RTV further enhanced the superhydrphobic nature of cotton surface. Importantly, the superhydrophobic activity was characterized by static water contact angle of the coated Cot-Ni blend. The CIE Lab colorimetric measurements of the coated Cot-Ni blend were also explored. The comfort characteristics of the coated Cot-Ni blend were assessed by measuring their air permeability and stiffness. Ultimately, these multifunctional cotton-nickel (Cot-Ni)/RTV-APP treated fabrics could be suitable for diverse applications, including firefighters’ wear, car seat mats, and grain storage containers.
Creating Employer Brand :Participation Bank Example

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Contemporary companies are giving considerable importance to satisfaction of their internal customers as well as satisfying their exterior customers by their goods and products. In tis context, employer branding- an important concept developed by Simon Borrow- has been accepted as one of the most important developments of 1990s and myriad of companies has started to give importance to the mentioned point (Tuzuner, et al., 2009). Difficulties in finding talented employees, has made employer branding popular especially in service sector (Berthon vd. 2005; Knox and Freeman, 2006). According to information supplied from career portals, nowadays the highest number of job applications are being made to banking sector hence we were curious about this spesific sector in our study. Main sample of this study is composed of applicants that made job application to Albaraka Turk Participation Bank in the last three months prior to the design of this study. Aim of the study is measuring effects of employer branding dimensions in these applicantâ€™s applicaitons behaviours and analyzing the relationship between their brand perceptions related to Albarak Turk Participation Bank and their levels of education and job experiences. With these purposes we used Berthonâ€™s Employer Attractiveness Scale. Our survey has been applied to 500 job applicants from various education and experience levels and we used easy sampling method in choosing these applicants. Our survey, composed of 25 questions and Likert answer key with 7 answers has been brought to applicants via email and results have been analyzed by SPSS program. Our findings showed that rather than experience leves, education levels makes difference in appilicants perceptions about employer brand of the bank. Key Words: Employer Branding, employer Attractiveness, Banking
Using Dynatrace Monitoring Data for Generating Performance Models of Java EE Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Performance models assist capacity management and planning for large-scale enterprise applications by predicting their performance for different workloads and hardware environments. Manually creating these models often outweighs their benefits. Automatic performance model generators have been introduced to facilitate the model creation. These generators often use custom monitoring solutions to generate the required input data for the model creation. In contrast, standardized application performance management (APM) solutions are used in industry to control performance metrics for productive systems. This work presents the integration of industry standard APM solutions with a performance model generation framework. We apply the integration concepts using the APM solution Dynatrace and a performance model generation framework for Palladio Component Models (PCM).
The association between hospitalisation for childhood head injury and academic performance: evidence from a population e-cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Childhood head injury has the potential for lifelong disability and burden. This study aimed to establish the association between admission to hospital for childhood head injury and early academic performance. Methods The Wales Electronic Cohort for Children (WECC) study is comprised of record-linked routinely collected data, on all children born or residing in Wales. Anonymous linking fields are used to link child and maternal health, environment and education records. Data from WECC were extracted for children born between September 1998 and August 2001. A Generalised Estimating Equation model, adjusted for clustering based on the maternal identifier as well as other key confounders, was used to establish the association between childhood head injury and performance on the Key Stage 1 (KS1) National Curriculum assessment administered to children aged 5–7 years. Head injury was defined as an emergency admission for >24 h for concussion, skull fracture or intracranial injury prior to KS1 assessment. Results Of the 101 892 eligible children, KS1 results were available for 90 661 (89%), and 290 had sustained a head injury. Children who sustained an intracranial injury demonstrated significantly lower adjusted odds of achieving a satisfactory KS1 result than children who had not been admitted to hospital for head injury (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.72). Conclusions The findings of this population e-cohort study quantify the impact of head injury on academic performance, highlighting the need for enhanced head injury prevention strategies. The results have implications for the care and rehabilitation of children admitted to hospital with head injury.
Mortality of workers potentially exposed to epichlorohydrin.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An epidemiological study was undertaken to determine whether the animal carcinogen, epichlorohydrin (ECH), produces cancer in man. A total of 863 workers with probable exposure to ECH at two chemical plants during 1948-65 were followed up for deaths up to 1983. Twenty years or more after first exposure the all cancer SMR was 112.2 (22 deaths) and the SMR for leukaemia was 500.0 (three deaths), which is statistically significant. All cancer, leukaemia, and most other causes of death were related to estimated levels of exposure to ECH, except violence. The most consistent (both plants) relation was between exposure level and heart disease. Overall, the heart disease SMR 20 years or more after first exposure was 39.2 (five deaths) for low exposure and 105.4 (17 deaths) for high exposure. Limited evidence of a cardiovascular disease relation to ECH production in one other epidemiological study is supported by this study. Allyl chloride used in the production of ECH may play a part. The relation of heart disease and exposure does not appear to be an artifact, although the fact that many other causes of death were also related to exposure argues against a causal relation.
Transmission Properties Of A Sodium-Filled Fabry-Perot

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on systematic studies of the static and dynamic behavior of intensity and polarization of the light transmitted by a sodium-filled Fabry-Perot cavity. The device displays a rich variety of phenomena, including optical bistability, tristability, pitchfork bifurcation, as well as intrinsic oscillations. The behavior can be traced back to the simultaneous presence of Zeeman pumping and hyperfine pumping in the sodium ground state, combined with velocity selective hole burning effects.
Recurrent retinal vascular obstructions in Behqet's syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 26-year-old man with a recurrent cerebellar medulloblastoma developed periodic alternating nystagmus. During radiation treatment, a bilateral voluntary horizontal gaze paresis appeared, and the periodic alternating nystagmus was replaced by periodic alternating gaze. Several days later, full eye movements returned, as did the periodic alternating nystagmus which had an identical periodicity to the periodic alternating gaze. The underlying pathophysiology of periodic alternating nystagmus and periodic alternating gaze is discussed.
Reducing Further Spread of COVID-19 in Taiwan by Containment of Overseas Immigration, Hospital Cluster Infection Control, and Mass Gathering Warnings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The experience that Taiwan gained from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 helped in the development of early preparation and response to COVID-19 outbreak. Measures including isolation, quarantine, and social distancing have been promptly taken to flatten the epidemic progress curve in the first 50 days since Dec. 31, 2019. In the second stage, the focus of epidemic prevention in Taiwan has shifted gradually from "containment" to "disaster reduction". "Social distancing" is now a strategy for reducing transmission and "flattening the curve" with respect to cases entering the health care system. The further spread of COVID-19 in Taiwan was alleviated by control of movement in and out of the country, hospital clustering infection control, and the prevention of mass gatherings successfully. We already delayed the peak, therefore exports has become easier and we could help other countries with the necessary supply of materials. Overall, the performance of Taiwan's COVID-19 epidemic infection control was ranked first place among the 23 OECD countries. Most of the confirmed patients were aged among 20 to 40 years old, which accounted for 60% of total confirmed cases, with a total mortality rate of about 1.4%. The median time from the onset of symptoms to the release from isolation was 30 days. Due to this severe economic impact from COVID-19 epidemic, Taiwan government quickly responded with the three major principles of "epidemic prevention, bail-out, and revitalization", in order to reduce negative impact on many industries and corporations.
Severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A man was evaluated at age 35 years for burning/shooting pain in his left chest and drenching sweats affecting the lower trunk and legs since bilateral T2-T6 sympathectomy at age 22 for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Thermoregulatory sweat test showed anhidrosis above T5/6 (sparing the left T2 dermatome) with rapid and profuse sweating elsewhere (figure). Severe compensatory hyperhidrosis is a known complication of extensive sympathectomy. Limited sympathotomy (disruption of fibers between stellate and T2 ganglia) or sympathectomy (e.g., T4 ganglionectomy) might be preferred for medically refractory palmar hyperhidrosis, maximizing palmar dryness, minimizing compensatory hyperhidrosis, and rarely causing intercostal neuralgia or Horner syndrome.1,2 Medical therapy for hyperhidrosis, whether primary or compensatory, may include topical agents, oral medications with anticholinergic properties, or botulinum toxin injections; all were unsuccessful or not tolerated in this patient.
Sensitivity Analysis of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Method Based on the OWA Operator

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator's weights and orness measure play important roles in the application of the OWA operator to decision-making problems because the decision result may be different owing to the change in either of them. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence that the change of OWA operator's weights or orness measure exerts on the decision result. We first give the range of the OWA operator's weights to keep the ranking order of alternatives or the optimal alternative unchanged. Then we make a sensitivity analysis to the orness measure to explore the dependency of the decision result on the orness measure. The results of analysis may provide a decision basis according to which decision makers are able to make a reasonable decision. Finally, a practical example is provided to illustrate the proposed sensitivity analysis methods.
Self-assembled polypeptide-surfactant complexes in organic solvents and in the solid state : a new class of comb-shaped polypeptides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We describe herein the preparation and physical characterization of novel water-insoluble complexes formed by synthetic polypeptides, sodium poly($\\alpha$,L-glutamate) and poly(L-lysine) hydrobromide, and oppositely charged low molecular weight surfactants, alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and sodium alkyl sulfates with chain lengths from twelve to eighteen methylene groups. The complexes of nearly stoichiometric compositions were prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of the components in water. The goal of the research was to understand the influence of the electrostatically bound 'side chains' on properties of polypeptide chains (solubility and conformation) and the effect of polymer chains on organization of the complexed surfactants. The behavior of the complexes was compared to that of their covalent analogs, alkyl esters of poly($\\alpha$,L-glutamic acid) and acyl derivatives of poly(L-lysine). Conformational and structural properties of the complexes in the solid state were studied via circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Poly($\\alpha$,L-glutamate) chains in the complexes adopt $\\alpha$-helical conformations at room temperature and disordered conformations at elevated temperatures. Poly(L-lysine) chains in the complexes adopt either $\\beta$-sheet conformation (as isolated after synthesis) or $\\alpha$-helical conformation (in the solid films cast from chloroform-trifluoroacetic acid solutions). Organization of surfactants in the complexes depends on the surfactant chain length. Shorter chains (eight-sixteen carbon atoms) are packed with a short range order, while the longer chains (eighteen carbon atoms) crystallize on a hexagonal lattice. In complexes with mixed octyl and octadecyl sulfates, organization of the surfactants depends on the composition: the minimum octadecyl chain content required for crystallization is about 20 molar per cent. All complexes studied are organized in lamellar structures consisting of alternating layers of polypeptide chains separated by layers of surfactants. Dilute solution properties of poly(L-lysine)-dodecyl sulfate complexes in organic solvents were studied via viscometry, $\\sp1$H NMR and $\\sp1$H NMR relaxation techniques. Poly(L-lysine) chains in the complexes in chloroform-trifluoroacetic solution adopt either $\\alpha$-helical (1-2 volume per cent trifluoroacetic acid) or disordered (4-10 volume per cent trifluoroacetic acid) conformations.
Prolonged Intermittent Diarrhea After Shiga Dysentery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 42-year-old woman had dysentery caused by the Shiga bacillus, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, while taking diphenoxylate with atropine during and after her return from a trip to Mexico. Although she was treated with appropriate antibiotics, she suffered a prolonged and toxic acute course followed by intermittent bouts of diarrhea and abdominal cramping which persisted for two years. The risk of confusing Shiga dysentery with ulcerative colitis is illustrated by the presentation, management, and prolonged course of this patient's illness.