jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hybrid attention based vehicle trajectory prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurately predicting trajectory of vehicles is a key capability for autonomous vehicles during real-world driving scenarios, which requires the autonomous vehicles to perceive the surrounding environment and analyze the track histories to judge the driving intentions of the focused surrounding vehicles in order to make decisions for the next trajectory route. In this paper, we propose a hybrid attentional trajectory prediction model incorporating both temporal attentional and spatial attentional mechanisms, which has a temporal attentional model that can be used to capture important temporal information affecting trajectory prediction and a spatial attentional mechanism that can better introduce spatial dependencies and potential driving intention information of surrounding and target vehicles. The models are evaluated for performance on publicly available highD and NGSIM datasets. By comparing the results with other state-of-the-art models for trajectory prediction, it is found that the model achieves an improvement in prediction performance, indicating that this model can more accurately learn driving information from the spatio-temporal perspective of the target driving vehicle’s attention. Further, by qualitatively analyzing the distribution of attention weights from the spatio-temporal perspective, we assessed the interpretability of the model on the maneuverability judgment of the vehicle.
Pengaruh Gaya Hidup Terhadap Peningkatan Gaya Konsumtif di Kalangan Generasi Z Kota Solo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A wasteful lifestyle makes it difficult for a person to limit excessive or unnecessary spending, this lifestyle leads to excessive spending. According to the Surakarta Book, Solo City has a population in 2023 of around 526,870 people, while Generation Z, which is the focus of this research, has an age range of 15-24, totaling 81,524 people consisting of 41,584 men and 40,040 women. This research uses quantitative data with the number of samples in this study is 100. All data and information for this study were collected from primary sources through questionnaires or questionnaires. Lifestyle has a significant effect on consumptive style with the t test results showing t count of 6,851 with a significant 0.000. It is known that the t value of the variable count is greater than the t table 1.98472 and the significance is less than 0.05. Based on these results, Lifestyle has a positive effect on Consumptive Style.
Against Unconscious Mental Imagery in Aphantasia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Zeman’s recent TiCS review [1] expertly summarized the theoretical and empirical literature onaphantasia. As part of his review, Zeman discusses the view proposed by Nanay [2], thataphantasics may have unconscious mental imagery. This view was recently defended in a TiCSletter by Michel and colleagues [3], who consider it to be “clearly superior to other views” (p. 1).However, we argue that the current debate about unconscious imagery ignores emergingneuroimaging evidence which consistently points to non-perception-like neural representationsduring imagery attempts in aphantasia. Specifically, we caution against interpretations of theactivity of the visual cortex as a sufficient indicator for unconscious imagery in aphantasia, bydrawing attention to the importance of representational overlap and cross-decodability betweenimagery and perception.
Hierarchical, multi‐grain rendezvous site selection by wolves in southern Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Fine‐scale knowledge of how anthropogenic effects may alter habitat selection by wolves ( Canis lupus ) is important to inform conservation management, especially where wolf populations are expanding into more populated areas or where human activity and development are increasingly encroaching on formerly pristine environments. From 1999 to 2003, we documented rendezvous sites ( n = 31) used by wolves ( n = 6 packs) in a previously unstudied wolf population in the southern Apennines, Italy (Pollino National Park [PNP]), where conditions are ideal to unveil behavioral adaptations of wolves living in human‐dominated landscapes. We adopted a hierarchical, multi‐scale habitat selection approach by using a set of environmental, topographic, and anthropogenic factors within multi‐grain resource selection functions (MRSFs) at the landscape and the territory extent. Habitat selection by wolves was scale‐dependent and different habitat components affected wolves at different grains. When establishing a territory at the landscape scale, wolves avoided areas featuring high densities of humans, paved roads, and trails, and they preferentially located territories where higher forest cover and rough terrain enhanced concealment and ensured reduced accessibility by humans. Concurrently, wolves also selected open areas and, at coarse grain, areas of high density of dirt roads and trails to enhance hunting and traveling efficiency. When selecting rendezvous sites within territories, wolves still selected for forest cover and lessened avoidance of anthropogenic features apparent at the lower order of selection. When choosing rendezvous sites, wolves also avoided low‐use anthropogenic linear features and rough terrain, unveiling trade‐offs in selection decisions across different spatial and temporal scales. Our results reinforce the notion that occurrence of wolves in human‐modified landscapes is shaped by avoidance of anthropogenic pressure, but they also indicate that rendezvous site selection by wolves conform to a hierarchical decision‐making process that is extent‐ and grain‐dependent. Spatially explicit models of rendezvous site selection such as the one we developed for PNP enhance management effectiveness for strategies such as regulating human access and activity during the pup rearing seasons, preventing human persecution, mitigating livestock depredations, and designing cost‐effective monitoring programs. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Left sided congestive heart failure in canines: an overview

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Left sided heart failure is a quite common in Indian and Exotic dog breeds. Prognosis of the condition is quite poor unless proper management and care is not taken. The affected dogs are mainly seen with the signs like coughing, fatigue, lethargy, weakness, dyspnoea which can have numerous causes like valvular disease, parasitic or bacterial endocarditis, arrhythmias or dilated cardiomyopathy. There are various treatment and medications available for the condition but once the critical period of the pathogenesis has surpassed, the condition will lead to death of the animal. This article is an overview of how left side heart failure condition in canines occur, diagnosis, treatment, and management.
Experiments on the ‘Overgrowth’ Phenomenon in the Brain of Chick Embryos

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A pathologic phenomenon consisting of complex folding of the brain-wall has been obtained in living chick embryos after operations upon the rhombencephalon in early stages. The operation consisted of the extirpation of the tip of the notochord and the overlying neuromere. Its results mainly appear in the hemispheres and tectum opticum region, but sometimes also extend to other evaginated brain parts, viz. the optic évaginations, the epiphyseal region, and possibly also the caudal parts of the hypothalamus. The pathologic phenomenon is identical with certain abnormal foldings, described in human embryonic brains by Patten (1952) and called by him ‘overgrowth’. It may be combined with encephaloschisis in the mesencephalic roof.
ARTICLE APSY-NMR with proteins: practical aspects and backbone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

is an NMR technique for the recording of discrete sets of projection spectra from higher-dimensional NMR experi-ments, with automatic identification of the multidimensional chemical shift correlations by the dedicated algorithm GAPRO. This paper presents technical details for optimizing the set-up and the analysis of APSY-NMR experiments with proteins. Since experience so far indicates that the sensitivity for signal detection may become the principal limiting factor for applications with larger proteins or more dilute samples, we performed an APSY-NMR experiment at the limit of sensitivity, and then investigated the effects of varying selected experimental parameters. To obtain the desired ref-erence data, a 4D APSY-HNCOCA experiment with a 12-kDa protein was recorded in 13 min. Based on the analysis of this data set and on general considerations, expressions for the sensitivity of APSY-NMR experiments have been generated to guide the selection of the projection angles, the calculation of the sweep widths, and the choice of other acquisition and processing parameters. In addition, a new peak picking routine and a new validation tool for the final result of the GAPRO spectral analysis are introduced. In continuation of previous reports on the use of APSY-NMR for sequence-specific res-onance assignment of proteins, we present the results of a systematic search for suitable combinations of a minimal number of four- and five-dimensional APSY-NMR experi-ments that can provide the input for algorithms that generate automated protein backbone assignments.
The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A variation of temperature produces a change in the microstructure of the rock due to the mineral thermal expansion and its residual strain. Depending on the temperature cycle and texture, microstresses may lead to the development of preexistent cracks or the creation of a new and irreversible cracking. The effect of temperature on reservoir rocks is an important topic since it conditions the permeability and the fluid flow. Two main questions arise from this: the first is if an irreversible cracking threshold is attained in the reservoir rocks at low temperature geothermal systems (around 100 °C); the second one is about the influence of thermal fatigue by the repetition of heating–cooling cycles on the different rock types. To answer these questions, four reservoir rocks (chalk, sandstone, fresh granite, and weathered granite) were submitted to two different thermal regimes. The first test was conceived to detect the irreversible cracking threshold, and for that, the rocks were submitted to progressive heating (90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, and 130 °C). The second test consisted of doing cycles of fast heating of the samples up to 200 °C. The microstructure variation was assessed by means of a scanning electron microscope, mercury porosimetry, and capillary water uptake combined with passive infrared thermography. Infrared thermography is an emerging tool in the field of rock study, used to detect water masses or determine thermal properties. The water transfer during the capillary tests of the rocks, before and after the tests, was monitored with this technique. In addition, the cooling rate index, a non-destructive parameter to detect cracking development, was calculated. The results made it possible to differentiate the behaviours in relation to the rock type, with a chalk and a weathered granite less susceptible to thermal stresses than a fresh granite and sandstone. In addition, infrared thermography resulted in being a very useful indirect technique to detect the changes on the surface, although they do not always correlate to the bulk microstructural changes.
The Literary Culture of Early Modern Scotland: Manuscript Production and Transmission, 1560-1625

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"This study presents a history of the literary culture of early-modern Scotland (1560-1625), based on extensive study of the literary manuscript. It argues for the importance of three key places of production of such manuscripts: the royal court, burghs and towns, and regional houses (stately homes, but also minor lairdly and non-aristocratic households). This attention to place facilitates a discussion of, respectively, courtly, urban or civic, and regional literary cultures. Sebastiaan Verweij's methodology stems from bibliographical scholarship and the study of the 'History of the Book', and more specifically, from a school of manuscript research that has invigorated early-modern English literary criticism over the last few decades. The Literary Culture of Early Modern Scotland will also intersect with a programme of reassessment of early-modern Scottish culture that is currently underway in Scottish studies. Traditional narratives of literary history have often regarded the Reformation of 1560 as heralding a terminal cultural decline, and the Union of Crowns of 1603, with the departure of king and court, was thought to have brought the briefest of renaissances (in the 1580s and 1590s) to an early end. This book purposefully straddles the Union, in order to make possible the rediscovery of Scotland's refined and sophisticated renaissance culture."
An estimate of the numbers of forest elephants in Gabon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The number of elephants living in the forests of Gabon was estimated by a stratified dung survey. The forest zone was stratified according to the distribution of the human population. The density of dung-piles was estimated for each stratum by the line-transect method. The total number of dung-piles in the forests of Gabon was estimated to be 52.43 × 10 6 ± 13.25 × 10 6 . This gave an elephant estimate of 61,800 ±20,200. This survey shows Gabon to have one of the largest elephant populations on the continent.
Soundness Preserving Approximation for TBox Reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large scale ontology applications require efficient and robust description logic (DL) reasoning services. Expressive DLs usually have very high worst case complexity while tractable DLs are restricted in terms of expressive power. This brings a new challenge: can users use expressive DLs to build their ontologies and still enjoy the efficient services as in tractable languages. In this paper, we present a soundness preserving approximate reasoning framework for TBox reasoning in OWL2-DL. The ontologies are encoded into EL++ with additional data structures. A tractable algorithm is presented to classify such approximation by realizing more and more inference patterns. Preliminary evaluation shows that our approach can classify existing benchmarks in large scale efficiently with a high recall.
Early Prophase I defects when CENP-C is depleted using NGTA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Immunocytology was performed on <i>GL00409/NGTA</i> (referred to as <i>Cenp-C</i><sup><i>RNAi</i></sup>) oocytes with CID (red), DNA (blue), and scale bars represent 5 μm. <b>A)</b> Region 2 oocytes showing CENP-C in green. <b>B-C)</b> The intensities of CENP-C and CID in region 2 were measured in <i>Cenp-C</i> RNAi and control oocytes (For B, n = 104 and 88; for C, n = 104 and 87). <b>D)</b> Region 2 oocytes with Mis12-GFP in green. <b>E)</b> Mis12 intensity was measured in region 2 (n = 13 and 30). <b>F)</b> CID foci in <i>Cenp-C</i> RNAi region 3 oocytes, with CENP-C in green. <b>G)</b> Number of centromere foci was measured based on CID foci in contact with the DNA (n = 84 and 27). <b>H)</b> Tubulin (green) and CID foci (red) in <i>Cenp-C</i> RNAi metaphase I oocytes. <b>I)</b> There was no increase in CID foci observed in stage 14 oocytes (n = 40 and 52). Error bars represent standard deviation from the mean. ****p<0.0001.</p>
After splenectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A hundred years of service Few people have ever heard of the Medical Missionary Association, yet its influence has spread to the far corners ofthe earth.The man in the street and the doctor in his consulting room may know of David Livingstone and Albert Schweitzer, and perhaps of Sir Wilfred Grenfell-but would either know that the MMA celebrates its centenary this year?To commemorate this event there was on 6 October a service of thanksgiving in All Souls Church, Langham Place, the doctors' church in the heart of medical London.On 19 October, in nearby Manson House, the opening scientific meeting of the 1978-9 session of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene will have as its theme the contribution of medical missions to tropical medicine.These two events represent the two interlacing strands-spiritual and medical- ofthe MMA.The five doctors who met in London on 2 March 1878 to found the association saw no incongruity in combining these two concepts nor did they make any distinction between needy people at home and those abroad.Doctors north of the border had formed the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Association some 40 years previously and the London association was soon to show its Scottish counterpart that it, too, could do something practical "to help forward such Christian work, both at home and abroad, as may properly be within the spheres of medical agencies."This rather stilted wording was matched by the decision to do nothing more exciting than to create a hostel where impecunious medical students in London could be lodged and fed at low cost.But from 1885 onwards, successively in North London, Highbury, Chislehurst, and then Bloomsbury and Canonbury, the facilities provided by these hostels made it
Being Good Is Not Enough: Overcoming Bias in Mobility and Advancement of Female Top Managers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of objective indicators of performance in bridging the gender gap in mobility and advancement of top managers. The main argument is that visibility and level of organizational performance help female managers get promoted. I integrate individual and firm-level characteristics to explain how observable firm performance information can increase external and internal mobility of female top managers. I document the substantial gender gap in advancement of top managers and, consistent with my arguments, I find that female executives’ mobility rate increases with disclosure and level of firm performance. However, the gender gap in mobility and promotion closes only at the highest levels of disclosed firm performance. That is, only the very top women performers advance at the same rate as their male counterparts. This study is the first to assemble large cross-country data of the 946,172 top managers in 540,608 public and private firms to document and track the mobility of 137,475 female top executives. Results point to important organizational factors that may facilitate career advancement of female top executives.
Role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in myelination and remyelination: recent advance

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Demyelination disables saltatory conduction and leads to neural dysfunction.Remyelination is mediated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),which are widely distributed in the central nervous system(CNS) of adults.A better understanding of oligodendrocyte biology,mechanisms of myelination and maintenance of myelin sheaths,and the relationship of failed remyelination in the CNS with the number,migration,and myelinating ability of endogenous OPCs,will greatly improve the remyelination strategies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases,including multiple sclerosis.
Eight-wavelength-switchable single-frequency fiber laser with scattering-enhanced fiber-based wavelength self-adaptive linewidth compression

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate an eight-wavelength-switchable single-frequency (SF) ultra-narrow linewidth erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). A switchable polarization-dependent eight-channel filter (S-PDECF), fabricated using femtosecond laser direct-writing technology, determines the eight wavelengths of the laser output, with four channels concentrated near 1530 nm and the other four near 1550 nm. A dual-coupler ring-based compound-cavity filter is utilized to achieve single-longitudinal-mode selection for the EDFL. The introduction of a femtosecond laser direct-written scattering-enhanced fiber (SEF) effectively narrows the laser linewidth, enabling ultra-narrow linewidth outputs lasing at all eight wavelengths, and the wavelength self-adaptive linewidth compression of the SEF is verified for the first time. Furthermore, the incorporation of SEF significantly enhances the overall performance of the EDFL. The eight switchable single-wavelength laser outputs all exhibit exceptional characteristics, including spectral wavelength fluctuations of ≤0.011 nm, spectral peak power fluctuations of ≤0.54 dB, optical signal-to-noise ratios of ≥71 dB, linewidths of ≤248 Hz, output power fluctuations of ≤0.252 dB over a 10-min measurement period, and relative intensity noise of ≤-150.17 dB/Hz @≥ 3 MHz.
Gradient-like vector fields on a complex analytic variety

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given a complex analytic function f on a Whitney stratified complex analytic variety of complex dimension n, whose real part Re(f) is Morse, we prove the existence of a stratified gradient-like vector field for Re(f) such that the unstable set of a critical point p on a stratum S of complex dimension s has real dimension $m(p)+n-s$ as was conjectured by Goresky and MacPherson.
Antigenic and phenotypic variations of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipopolysaccharide and their relationship to virulence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strains NO100 and COL10 were found to produce bacteremia in infant rats at a much lower frequency than other Hib strains previously tested. These relatively avirulent strains were the only Hib strains among 200 clinical isolates examined to date which failed to react with two Hib lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). LPS analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that strains NO100 and COL10 possessed LPS which migrated faster than the LPS of Hib strains that reacted with one of the two or with both of these MAbs. These observations suggested that the relative lack of virulence of strains NO100 and COL10 might be related to their unusual LPS phenotype. To determine whether alteration of LPS structure would affect the virulence of these strains, we identified and isolated isogenic LPS antigenic variants of strains NO100 and COL10 using the LPS-specific MAbs 4C4 and 5G8 in a colony blot radioimmunoassay. Antigenic variation of LPS was found to occur spontaneously in these two strains at a relatively high frequency in terms of both acquisition and loss of MAb reactivity (ca. 0.2 to 16.7%). LPS antigenic variants of strains NO100 and COL10 reactive with both MAbs 4C4 and 5G8 (4C4+ 5G8+) were more virulent in the infant rat model than their respective 4C4- 5G8- parental strains (P less than 0.01). An antigenic variant of COL10 reactive with only MAb 4C4 (4C4+ 5G8-) was also significantly more virulent than its 4C4- 5G8- parent. These LPS antigenic variants with increased virulence synthesized altered LPS molecules which possessed apparent molecular weights higher than those of the LPS of the parental strains. Increased resistance of strain NO100 to the bactericidal activity of normal infant rat serum was associated with changes in LPS structure, while strain COL10 and its LPS variants were all uniformly resistant to serum bactericidal activity. Our results demonstrate that (i) spontaneous antigenic and phenotypic variation of LPS occurs at a relatively high frequency in some strains of Hib; (ii) the higher-molecular-weight type of LPS is associated with the full expression of Hib virulence; (iii) LPS phenotype may not correlate with Hib serum resistance; and (iv) serum resistance of Hib is not an accurate indicator of virulence.