jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% With Intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-µg Buprenorphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Cesarean Section Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The analgesia after the C-section is a very challenging condition to the anesthetist. Various combinations of the agents have been proposed for a successful analgesia. Hence, in our study, we aimed to compare the intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% with intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-microgram buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in elective C-section patients. Materials and Methods: We piloted a prospective study among 40 subjects grouped equally as Group I – bupivacaine 0.5%, and Group II – bupivacaine 0.5% and 60-μg buprenorphine. We compared the clinical parameters for the pain relief by visual analog scale (VAS), the duration of the analgesia, and the side effects for the two groups. The values obtained were compared using the ANOVA test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant. Results: Significant longer duration and faster onset of the analgesia were seen for the Group II than the Group I. The VAS score was higher for the Group I than Group II. Greater side effects were seen in the buprenorphine group. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, beneficial effect of the bupivacaine was identified when added to the routine bupivacaine for the analgesia in the C-section.
OTHER INCITANTS ASSOCIATED WITH PYTHIUM ROOT DIEBACK OF MUCK-GROWN CARROTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pythium sulcatum was recovered with a much higher frequency from necrotic compared to symptomless carrot rootlets and was isolated only from carrots grown in Pythium root dieback (PRD) problem soils. Fast-growing Pythium species were recovered with equal frequency both from necrotic and symptomless carrot rootlets grown in both PRD problem and non-problem soils. These facts implicate P. sulcatum as the primary incitant. Both necrotic and symptomless carrot rootlets from problem and non-problem soils contained Olpidium brassicae. Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) was also recovered from both rootlet types, but only from carrots grown in problem soils. This association suggests that the TNV-O. brassicae complex may be involved in the PRD syndrome. Fast-growing Pythium species, O. brassicae, and TNV, but not P. sulcatum, were recovered from the rootlets of several common weeds. P. sulcatum was also recovered from lettuce, a common rotation crop.
The Discipline of Pleasure; or, How Art History Looks at the Art Museum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The central aim of this essay is to generate a critically detailed and fully historicised reading of one specific example of the institutionalisation of visual culture. By attending to its complexity as an aesthetic, social and managerial space, I want to examine how the act of seeing was inscribed in a body of material concerned with the National Gallery (NG) in mid-Victorian London. Addressing the language of exhibition, this essay deals with a form of commentary where writing about the public display of art becomes another way of exploring the mnemonic or kinetic qualities of space. This work asks: what is caught in this fascination with the spatial logics of the gallery? What is formed by the development of an institutional process which seeks the ideal illumination of art? What is registered in the new systems of visual authority that begin to emerge in the 1840s and 1850s? What is caught, blocked or displayed by this new interest in seeing in the NG a visual network of interlocking narratives about the historical development of art?
MicroRNA‐122 suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by directly targeting Wnt/β‐catenin pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims To validate whether the anti‐cancer effect of micro RNA ‐122 ( miR ‐122) on hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is mediated through regulating Wnt/β ‐catenin signalling pathways. Methods The expression levels of miR ‐122 in HCC tissues and varied hepatoma cells were quantified by real‐time PCR . MiR‐122 agomir was transfected into HepG2 , Hep3B cells to over‐express miR ‐122. The effect of over‐expression miR ‐122 on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells was evaluated using CCK ‐8 kit and flow cytometer respectively. The 3′‐ UTR segments of Wnt1 containing the miR ‐122 binding sites were amplified by PCR and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was assayed. Wnt1 mRNA level was quantified using RT‐PCR . Protein levels of Wnt1 , β‐catenin and TCF ‐4 were detected using W estern blotting. Results In comparison with the expression level of miR ‐122 in para‐cancerous tissues or C hang liver cell, the expression level in HCC tissues or varied hepatoma cells was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). Over‐expression of miR ‐122 significantly inhibited the proliferation ( P < 0.05), and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Over‐expressed miR ‐122 down‐regulated the protein levels of Wnt1 , β‐catenin and TCF ‐4 ( P < 0.05). MiR‐122 suppressed the luciferase activity of the pmiR‐Wnt1‐wt by approximately 50% compared with the negative control, while mutation or removal of the miR ‐122 binding site using si RNA or mir‐122 inhibitor blocked the suppressive effect ( P < 0.05). Conclusions MiR‐122 expression is down‐regulated in human HCC . Over‐expression of miR‐122 inhibits HCC cell growth and promotes the cell apoptosis by affecting Wnt/β‐catenin‐ TCF signalling pathway.
Robust tie points selection for InSAR image coregistration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image coregistration is an important step in SAR interferometry which is a well known method for DEM generation and surface displacement monitoring. A practical and widely used automatic coregistration algorithm is based on selecting a number of tie points in the master image and looking for the correspondence of each point in the slave image using correlation technique. The characteristics of these points, their number and their distribution have a great impact on the reliability of the estimated transformation. In this work, we present a method for automatic selection of suitable tie points that are well distributed over the common area without decreasing the desired tie points' number. First we select candidate points using Harris operator. Then from these points we select tie points depending on their cornerness measure (the highest first). Once a tie point is selected, its correspondence is searched for in the slave image, if the similarity measure maximum is less than a given threshold or it is at the border of the search window, this point is discarded and we proceed to the next Harris point, else, the cornerness of the remaining candidates Harris points are multiplied by a spatially radially increasing function centered at the selected point to disadvantage the points in a neighborhood of a radius determined from the size of the common area and the desired number of points. This is repeated until the desired number of points is selected. Results of an ERS1/2 tandem pair are presented and discussed.
Identification and Sequence Analysis of SRAP Markers Linked to Salt-tolerance Gene in Apple Rootstock

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted to screen molecular markers of salt-tolerance gene in apple rootstock,which providing a theoretical basis for molecular assistant selection breeding in plants salt-tolerance. F1 of Malus micromalus × S19 were used to screen markers linked to salt-tolerance gene by BSA method and SRAP technology.Four pairs of primers( Me1Em2,Me1Em8,Me6Em12 and Me6Em14) were screened from 128 ones,which expressed polymorphism in parents and DNA pools and totally produced 4 polymorphic fragments. The four pairs of primers were tested by 144 F1 hybrid seedings,and the coincidence rate between hydroponic screening and the SRAP analysis were between 81. 94% and 92. 36%. The length of the 4 polymorphic fragments( Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ andⅣ) was between 139 bp and 233 bp by cloning and sequencing. Sequence alignment revealed that sequenceⅠ had relatively highly identity with ATP synthase beta subunit gene( ATP-β) from Photinia fraseri,and there was an identity of 98% for nucleotide sequence. Additionally,other sequences showed partial identity with probable receptor-like protein kinase from Pyrus × Bretschneideri,myosin from Malus domestica,and UDP-glycosyltransferase from Malus domestica,respectively. The 4 markers selected not only could be used in molecular identification of salt tolerance,but also provide a foundation to clone salt-tolerance gene for apple rootstock.
Allocation pattern, ion partitioning, and chlorophyll a fluorescence in Arundo donax L. in responses to salinity stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biometric and physiological analyses of salt stress responses were performed in two time-course experiments on giant reed (Arundo donax L). Experiment I evaluated biomass production in plants exposed to 128, 256, 512 mM NaCl for 84 days. For Experiment II, plants grown under 256 mM NaCl were further assessed for chlorophyll a fluorescence, ionic partitioning, and proline content at 14 and 49 days after treatment (DAT). Biomass allocation was affected with all the concentrations of NaCl used from 28 DAT onward. Proline biosynthesis in leaves was more stimulated than that in roots after salt stress. Photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) was not affected by salt stress up to 42 DAT, while 49 DAT plants exhibited a significant reduction of both potential (ΦPSII) and maximal (Fv/Fm) PSII quantum yield. A. donax resulted a moderately sensitive species in response to 256 and 512 mM NaCl, concentrations that are however higher than that commonly found in most marginal lands (such as 128 mM or lower), where the biomass yield is appreciable, especially in short-term cultivation (56 DAT here). Altogether, this study indicates that A. donax can be considered as a promising and valuable energy crop for exploiting the Mediterranean marginal land.
The Fate of Methylmercury Through Formation of Bismethylmercury Sulfide as an Intermediate in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract A previous study of ours indicated that methylmercury (MeHg) is biotransformed to bismethylmercury sulfide [(MeHg)2S)] by interaction with reactive sulfur species (RSS) produced in the body. In the present study, we explored the transformation of MeHg to (MeHg)2S in the gut and the subsequent fate of (MeHg)2S in vitro and in vivo. An ex vivo experiment suggested the possibility of extracellular transformation of MeHg to (MeHg)2S in the distal colon, and accordingly, the sulfur adduct MeHg was detected in the intestinal content and feces of mice given MeHg, suggesting that (MeHg)2S is formed from reactions of MeHg with RSS in the gut. In a cell-free system, we found that (MeHg)2S spontaneously undergoes degradation in a time-dependent fashion, resulting in formation of mercury sulfide, as determined by X-ray diffraction, and dimethylmercury (DMeHg), as evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We also identified DMeHg in expiration after intraperitoneal administration of (MeHg)2S to mice. Our present study therefore identifies a new fate of MeHg through (MeHg)2S as an intermediate, which leads to conversion of volatile DMeHg in the body.
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adults: Retrospective analysis of a case series and systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adult undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is an aggressive malignant tumor. As UESL is rare, the literature predominantly includes case reports, with a limited number of small case series. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presentation, treatment modalities and outcomes of this rare tumor. The present study includes a case series of adult UESL and a systematic review. A single-institution case series of adult UESL were retrospectively analyzed, and a systematic review of adult UESL was performed by searching MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Google Scholar database and the Cochrane Library. For all identified adult UESL cases, the demographic variables, treatments and survival were analyzed. Three female adult patients with UESL (median age, 21 years) were successfully treated by complete tumor resection, with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between 2015 and 2018. Of these patients, two are currently alive (follow-up, 9 and 41 months), and one died after pulmonary recurrence 17 months post-diagnosis. The present systematic review identified 108 cases of adult UESL. Among all 111 analyzed cases, the median overall and disease-free survival rates were as follows: 1-year, 72 and 67%; 3-year, 56 and 40%; and 5-year, 47 and 35%, respectively. Treatment strategies combining complete tumor resection and chemotherapy promoted improved overall and disease free survival time compared with radical tumor resection alone. The present analysis included one of the largest case series of UESL in adults, and is the first such study to present survival rates. The results of the present study confirmed that survival was improved by treatment strategies combining complete tumor resection and chemotherapy.
Fluorination of sulfanyl amides using difluoroiodoarene reagents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A range of sulfur-containing amides have been fluorinated with the hypervalent iodine difluoride reagents 1, and two principal reaction pathways identified. Cephalosporin esters 2 having a heteroatom in the α-position to sulfur undergo fluorination in DCM with cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond to form novel fluorinated β-lactams 4. Sulfides with electron-withdrawing groups in the α-position undergo α-fluorination in a process analogous to the classical Pummerer reaction. This Fluoro-Pummerer reaction has been exemplified for a range of simple α-phenylsulfanylacetamides 14-19. When β-hydrogens are present in the substrate a different route is followed, with deprotonation by basic fluoride taking place to yield vinyl sulfides 41-43. When an excess of the fluorinating reagent is used these vinyl sulfides can undergo further reaction in a novel tandem Pummerer-Additive-Pummerer process to yield α,β-difluoro sulfides 45-47.
The Trinity and the Church: Explorations in Ecclesiology from a Trinitarian Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Renewed interest in Trinitarian theology in recent times has led explorations in ecclesiology from an explicitly Trinitarian perspective. Yet, these explorations vary dramatically in their conclusions regarding Church structure and organization. Indeed, these applications bear such close correspondence to the ecclesial traditions or understandings from which the theologians themselves come that one must doubt that the Trinity really is the determining feature. This article examines the methodologies employed and their limitations.
CONSTRUCTING CHILDHOOD JUSTICE WITHIN POSTCOLONIAL/DECOLONIZED DIGITAL AFRICAN CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES: PHILANTHROPIC WEBSITES AS SITES OF POSSIBILITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International non-governmental agencies have played an intervening role in mitigating the socio-economic and political hardships faced by many people in postcolonial/decolonial regions in the Global South. Most of the interventions have targeted children in rural areas. Coupled with the dynamic communicative global landscape, philanthropic endeavors necessarily utilize the digital communication space via websites as a primary means of communicating with, advertising to, and soliciting from the public. This complex relation results in similarly complex representations of post/decolonial child identities in spaces where children as agents are limited.\nTo understand and actively mitigate avenues of possible violence against children as agents and children as subjects, this dissertation explores the digital spatial communication practices of five philanthropic organizations. Specifically, it investigates multifaceted communication strategies such organizations employ in constructing their websites. Knowing this leads us to understand how childhood identities emerge through technical communicative acts controlled by powerful entities that have neoliberal backing.\nUsing Foucault’s spatial theory of heterotopia, the dissertation finds that despite complying with international philanthropic digital laws on the depiction of children, children within the post/decolonial regions continue to be depicted as subjects of crisis and objects of deviation within the global rhetoric of childhood and child discourses. This depiction contributes to the continuous perpetuation of the narrative that children in the de/post-colonizing Global South are devoid of agency.\nThe findings and conclusions of the dissertation have implications for theory, technical communication practice, and activist work aimed at socially just practices that engage children. Theoretically, it is proposed that the heterotopia framework should be decolonized and expanded into a space that centers the African child’s lived experiences. The spatial theorizing of the African child’s lived experiences allows us to focus on the lived experiences of subjects rather than their assumed identities, which may be violently transferred to the new digital spaces. In technical communication, there is the need for research to inform practice where the technical communicator shows an awareness of the complex results of digital space creation and habitation. While digital spaces can be liberating, the results show that for children who are in the margin, they can be confining. Overall, the proliferation and incessant opening of new digital spaces require formulating just policies that protect emergent childhood identities.
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Origin and History. The WFTU was founded on a worldwide basis in 1945 at the international trade union conferences held in London and Paris, with the participation of all the trade union centres in the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. The aim was to reunite the world trade union movement at the end of the Second World War. The acute political differences among affiliates, especially the east-west confrontation in Europe on ideological lines, led to a split. A number of affiliated organizations withdrew in 1949 and established the ICFTU. The WFTU now draws its membership from the industrially developing countries like India, Vietnam and other Asian countries, Brazil, Peru, Cuba and other Latin American countries, Syria, Lebanon, Kuwait and other Arab countries, and it has affiliates and associates in more than 20 European countries. It has close relations with the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions, the Organization of African Trade Union Unity as well as the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. The 15th Congress was held in Havana, Cuba in Dec. 2005 and used the slogan 'Te working people of the world against globalization and exploitation. For social justice, full employment, solidarity and peace'.
Guide for Preparing Specifications for Miniature Brushes of Composite Materials for Sliding Electric Contacts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This guide defines the criteria for composition, properties, and other requirements for miniature brushes of composite materials containing a matrix of one or more conducting metallic elements or alloys and one or more lubricating lamellar solids intended for sliding electric contacts. Each constituent of the material should be listed individually by weight percent including tolerances using any analytical technique while the apparent density for the material should be defined using the measurement and weight method. The resistivity; Rockwell superficial hardness, transverse strength, and shear strength; and microstructural properties such as cracks and defects should also be defined and should conform to the required electrical, mechanical, and structural properties of the brush materials.
Issues of Rural Development in Mainstream Journalism: Exploring New Strategies for Media Intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study, which is in the form of a vision document, intends to explore alternative ways of linking up expanding media business with the rural development in such a way that both rural economy and media economy get entrenched into a win–win situation. In the process, the study offers an overview of how the print and electronic media have been consistently neglecting the coverage of rural issues that has resulted in the lopsided growth of Indian economy. The study further argues that extending support to rural issues/problems of development has become, for long, solely the job of government driven media without the participation of either public or private sector electronic media. A number of quantitative studies documented earlier only proved that the space devoted for the development journalism in the mainstream press was negligible compared to their marketing and industry coverage. While the success of rural newspapers has the dubious distinction of espousing the cause of rural India, a holistic approach to the problems of rural India is yet wanting on the media front. Grounded in qualitative communication research, the present study discursively endeavours to offer some strategies of expansion of media that offers new vistas of business and marketing for the media industry by converting the most important and burning issues of rural India into windows of inclusive growth and progress, besides bridging the digital divide between the rural and the urban India.
Surface wave non-reciprocity via time-modulated metamaterials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigate how Rayleigh waves interact with modulated resonators located on the free surface of a semi-infinite elastic medium. We begin by studying the dynamics of a single resonator with time-modulated stiffness. In particular, we evaluate the accuracy of an analytical approximation of the resonator response and identify the parameter ranges in which its behavior remains stable. Then, we develop an analytical model to describe the interaction between surface waves and an array of resonators with spatio-temporally modulated stiffness. By combining our analytical models with full-scale numerical simulations, we demonstrate that spatio-temporal stiffness modulation of this elastic metasurface leads to the emergence of non-reciprocal features in the Rayleigh wave spectrum. Specifically, we show how the frequency content of a propagating signal can be filtered and converted when traveling through the modulated medium, and illustrate how surface-to-bulk wave conversion plays a role in these phenomena. Throughout this article, we indicate bounds of modulation parameters for which our theory is reliable, thus providing guidelines for future experimental studies on the topic.
Missing Values Handling for Machine Learning Portfolios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Documentation, code, and pseudo data for replicating Chen and McCoy (Forthcoming, Journal of Financial Economics, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.13071.pdf), to satisfy the journal's code and data sharing requirements. Instead of this packet, we recommend using the code posted on github (https://github.com/jack-mccoy/missing_data), which contains all previous versions of the code and allows for issue tracking (should it be needed). Code from either source automatically downloads stock return data from WRDS and return predictors from https://sites.google.com/site/chenandrewy/, so the pseudo data is not really necessary. You can also find imputed predictor data at https://sites.google.com/site/chenandrewy/.