jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Enzymatically Prepared Hexyl Butyrate by Lipozyme IM-77

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hexyl butyrate, a green note flavour compound, is widely used in the food industry. The ability of immobilised lipase (Lipozyme IM-77) from Rhizomucor miehei to catalyse the transesterification of hexanol and tributyrin was investigated in this study. Response surface methodology (RSM) and five-level-five-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (2 to 10 h), temperature (25 to 65 °C), enzyme amount (10 to 50 %), substrate amount (in mol) ratio of tributyrin to hexanol (1:1 to 3:1), and added water content (0 to 20 %), on percentage amount (in mol) conversion of hexyl butyrate by transesterification. Reaction time and enzyme amount were the most important variables and substrate amount (in mol) ratio had less effect on the percentage of amount (in mol) conversion. Based on canonical analysis, the optimum synthesis conditions were: reaction time 8.3 h, temperature 50 °C, enzyme amount 42.7 %, substrate amount (in mol) ratio 1.8:1, and added water 12.6 %. The predicted value was 96.2 % and actual experimental value 95.3 % of the amount (in mol) conversion.
A global history in a global world? Human rights in history education in the Global North and South

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, we analyse similarities and differences in 957 students’ perceptions of the \nhistory of human rights in six countries: England, India, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and \nthe United States of America. This is investigated through the lens of the intended, implemented and \nachieved curricula. Our aim is to better understand what historical events students perceive as central \nin the history of human rights in different countries and how this may relate to education about, \nthrough and for human rights across borders. While the findings indicate a global culture of human \nrights, we identify several challenges in the teaching and learning of universal human rights in \nhistory education. In some instances, notions of nationalism and exceptionalism in society and \nhistory culture pose great challenges to the teaching and learning of human rights. In others, a strong \nfocus on the global world have complicated the identification of human rights issues in the local \ncontext. Our findings also highlight the neglect of certain historical narratives, most notably the \nhistory of indigenous and minority groups. These findings are significant to researchers, teachers \nand decision-makers interested in furthering human rights and international understanding through \neducation.
The Effect of WNK4 on the Na + :Cl ‐ Cotransporter is modulated by Intracellular Chloride

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction The effect of WNK4 on the renal Na + :Cl ‐ cotransporter, NCC is controversial since several studies in vitro and in vivo have shown negative or positive effects. We hypothesize that both effects coexist and are modulated by the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl ‐ ] i ). Piala et al. (2014) showed that L‐WNK1 is a Cl ‐ ‐sensitive kinase and identified two leucine residues forming the Cl ‐ ‐binding site. These leucines are conserved in WNK isoforms. Materials and Methods We used the functional expression system of Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells. NCC activity was measured by 22 Na + uptake and/or amino acid threonine phosphorylation in the absence or presence of wild type or mutant WNK4, in control conditions, or after [Cl ‐ ] i depleting maneuvers. WNK4 autophosphorylation was also assessed in these conditions. Results At baseline [Cl ‐ ] i ∼ 45 mM, WNK4 autophosphorylation was undetectable and NCC activity was either inhibited or unaffected. [Cl ‐ ] i reduction (25‐30 mM) promoted autophosphorylation transforming WNK4 to an activator of NCC in a kinase‐dependent manner. The L322F substitution transformed WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC without chloride depletion. Conclusion WNK4 is Cl ‐ sensitive kinase exerting differential effects on NCC depending on the [Cl ‐ ] i . It is possible that small changes in [Cl ‐ ] i in distal convoluted tubule cells may have a crucial role determining WNK4 effect on NCC, suggesting that diverse physiological processes could converge in the Cl ‐ modulation of WNK's.
MOFETTE THERAPY AND CO 2 WATERBATHS FOR ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OBLITERANS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A bstract Although for centuries balneotherapy has been popular in Europe, it has not attained wide acceptance in the United States. This article is an interesting sidelight on a specific means of inducing therapeutic vasodilatation. In Covasna, Rumania, post‐volcanic CO 2 gas emanations are used in the form of mofette therapy (twice daily) and CO 2 waterbaths (about once daily) for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. This study concerns 40 male geriatric patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans, whose symptoms improved markedly during treatment. In each, the state of the circulation in the big toe of an affected foot was evaluated by means of radioactivity measurements after injection of I 131 —both before and after therapy. The results indicated that the arterial blood supply to the feet was definitely enhanced after CO 2 therapy, thus promoting the formation of collateral circulation.
Extending Life Cycle Models of Optimal Portfolio Choice: Integrating Flexible Work, Endogenous Retirement, and Investment Decisions with Lifetime Payouts

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper derives optimal life cycle portfolio asset allocations as well as annuity purchases trajectories for a consumer who can select her hours of work and also her retirement age.Using a realistically-calibrated model with stochastic mortality and uncertain labor income, we extend the investment universe to include not only stocks and bonds, but also survival-contingent payout annuities.We show that making labor supply endogenous raises older peoples' equity share; substantially increases work effort by the young; and markedly enhances lifetime welfare.Also, introducing annuities leads to earlier retirement and higher participation by the elderly in financial markets.Finally, if we allow for an age-dependent leisure preference parameter, this fits well with observed evidence in that it generates lower work hours and smaller equity holdings at older ages as well as sensible retirement age patterns.
A Tight Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Steiner Tree Parameterized by Clique-Width

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given a graph G = (V,E), a set T ⊆ V, and an integer b, the Steiner Tree problem asks whether G has a connected subgraph H with at most b vertices that spans all of T. This work presents a 3^k⋅ n^𝒪(1) time one-sided Monte-Carlo algorithm for solving Steiner Tree when additionally a clique-expression of width k is provided. Known lower bounds for less expressive parameters imply that this dependence on the clique-width of G is optimal assuming the Strong Exponential-Time Hypothesis (SETH). Indeed our work establishes that the parameter dependence of Steiner Tree is the same for any graph parameter between cutwidth and clique-width, assuming SETH. Our work contributes to the program of determining the exact parameterized complexity of fundamental hard problems relative to structural graph parameters such as treewidth, which was initiated by Lokshtanov et al. [SODA 2011 & TALG 2018] and which by now has seen a plethora of results. Since the cut-and-count framework of Cygan et al. [FOCS 2011 & TALG 2022], connectivity problems have played a key role in this program as they pose many challenges for developing tight upper and lower bounds. Recently, Hegerfeld and Kratsch [ESA 2023] gave the first application of the cut-and-count technique to problems parameterized by clique-width and obtained tight bounds for Connected Dominating Set and Connected Vertex Cover, leaving open the complexity of other benchmark connectivity problems such as Steiner Tree and Feedback Vertex Set. Our algorithm for Steiner Tree does not follow the cut-and-count technique and instead works with the connectivity patterns of partial solutions. As a first technical contribution we identify a special family of so-called complete patterns that has strong (existential) representation properties, and using these at least one solution will be preserved. Furthermore, there is a family of 3^k basis patterns that (parity) represents the complete patterns, i.e., it has the same number of solutions modulo two. Our main technical contribution, a new technique called "isolating a representative," allows us to leverage both forms of representation (existential and parity). Both complete patterns and isolation of a representative will likely be applicable to other (connectivity) problems.
sj-pdf-2-tej-10.1177_20417314211008626 – Supplemental material for Defined MSC exosome with high yield and purity to improve regenerative activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-tej-10.1177_20417314211008626 for Defined MSC exosome with high yield and purity to improve regenerative activity by Jun Yong Kim, Won-Kyu Rhim, Yong-In Yoo, Da-Seul Kim, Kyoung-Won Ko, Yun Heo, Chun Gwon Park and Dong Keun Han in Journal of Tissue Engineering
STUDI KOMPARATIF CENDIKIAWAN MUSLIM KLASIK DAN KONTEMPROR DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KONSEP DAN PRINSIP MAQASID AL-SYARIAH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

. This study will analyze the methodology used by classical Islamic scholars in determining the concept and principles of maqāṣid alshariah. This analysis will compare the method of determining Maqasid Shariah by Muslim scholars with current scientific research methods. This research uses qualitative methodology by reviewing classical and modern scientific writings. The collected data is analyzed thematically based on inductive approach. The results of this study show that the formulation of the concept and principles of Maqasid Sharia involves the analysis of textual commands. The inductive reasoning of istiqrā' applied by Muslim scholars has similarities with thematic analysis in modern qualitative research. The results suggest basing ijtihad and fatwa on maqāṣid al-shariah through holistic textual analysis. This makes it possible to respond to new challenges through appropriate sharia laws by avoiding rigid legalism or unbridled rationalism.
Pseudo-Dionysius’ Concept of Hierarchy and the Imperial Cult in the Early Roman Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the relationship between the imperial cult in pagan Rome and the heavenly hierarchy taught by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The latter’s thought played a significant role in the construction of the medieval image of the world. Medieval reflection on the state and law drew from it as well. Therefore, possible analogies between the imperial cult and the philosophy of Corpus Dionysiacum would indicate an indirect influence that the imperial cult of the emperor had on certain later ideas about state power, on the legitimacy of certain forms of social and constitutional organization, and on prophetic visions inspiring social and political movements. Against this background, the article compares the emperor’s genius (as well as the imperial virtues and the emperor’s numen) with the immaterial beings described by the Areopagite. It reveals clear parallels regarding the hierarchical construction of geniuses in the imperial cult of ancient Rome and Pseudo-Dionysius’ Angels, Names of God, and divine providences. The similarities in mediation between the human world and the divine reality regarding the granting of creative power and supernatural knowledge are also associated with this structure. In both cases, the divine element (genius and heavenly beings) has a historiosophical aspect, consisting of justification of belief about care that the deity exercises over the universal history of mankind. The conducted research constitutes an impulse for further research in the field of political aspects of medieval angelology.
A proteomic approach to discovering novel anti-influenza mechanisms in primary human airway epithelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The influenza virus has a large impact on global health; however, it is difficult to formulate vaccines and influenza therapies that are effective against influenza. The influenza virus mutates rapidly, has the ability to emerge as novel strains with pandemic potential and can quickly become resistant to any given drug. Therefore, the generation of novel anti-influenza therapeutics that are effective against multiple strains would be highly beneficial. To date, the majority of anti-influenza research has focused on targeting specific components of the virus in order to interfere with its replication. However, it has been proposed that host proteins and signaling pathways may be essential components to viral replication and could also become novel anti-influenza drug targets. Therefore, this study utilized a large proteomic screen to identify host proteins that were up- and down-regulated in response to influenza infection. Collectively, these proteins clustered into five specific cell pathways and processes including interferon signaling, purine metabolism, cell death, ubiquitin-like signaling and mitochondrial oxidoreductases. Overall, this project identified potential novel anti-influenza targets in primary airway epithelial cells.
Understanding the Repurchase Intentions of C2C Facebook Commerce: Comparison of Buyer–Seller Familiar and Unfamiliar Relationships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Facebook platform facilitates customer-to-customer e-commerce transactions. However, for Facebook buyers, not all sellers are familiar sellers, and buyers may purchase goods from unfamiliar sellers. In Study 1, when the buyer and the seller are familiar with each other, based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, we explored how social interaction affects trust and then the buyer’s repurchase intention. In Study 2, when the buyer and the seller are not familiar with each other, based on the SOR model, we explored how social interaction could reduce perceived risk and then affect the buyer’s repurchase intention. Study 1 investigated 117 buyers, and Study 2 investigated 155 buyers. Study 1 illustrates the importance of the mediating roles of cognitive trust and affective trust. Study 2 illustrates the importance of the mediating role of financial risk. The results provide guidance for Facebook sellers
Active Citizenship in Urban Security Policies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What does it mean to be protected? To live in a constantly monitored space, or feeling heard by the institutions? Supervise the neighborhood or be involved in the design of security policies? The chapter analyzes citizens' active participation as a further element for an effective implementation of urban safety policies. It will analyze citizen involvement in ensuring the safety of their territory through neighborhood watch groups in the European context. The authors try to answer the following questions: Why are the neighborhood watch groups born and why do some people choose to join these programs? What value do citizens give to the groups? What are the potential benefits and risks for local communities?
Increase expression of cell adhesion molecule NCAM/CD56 in lymphocytes in patient artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of an examination: to estimate character of changes neurospecific protein of cell ad-hesion NCAM/CD56 into lymphocyte membrane from the patients with idiopathic hypertensia with various variants of illness current. The results shown that the hypertensive patients have a rising of NCAM/CD56 content in membranous fraction of lymphocytes that is detected in comparison with practically healthy person. The greatest level is registered for group the patient with hypertension II stages with with manifestations DEP. The further investigation of NCAM/CD56 in cell membrane fraction of patients with hypertension is perspective as probable prognostic marker of clinical variant of disease development.
Modeling of comprehensive electric drive system for a study of regenerative brake system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Regenerative brake system is more complicate compared to a conventional brake system since its design and control goals require not only to achieve a good braking performance but also to recover brake energy as much as possible. In this paper, a comprehensive regenerative brake system model has been developed for a study of brake performance and effective regenerative brake energy recovery. This paper presents a detailed modeling of electric drive system, design of a brake force distribution, and effective brake force allocation between motor brake and friction brake forces. The performance of a proposed model has been evaluated using a commercially available full vehicle model (CARSIM) through simulation.
Impact of the muscular Training on the levels of Sodium and Potassium and on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recent study aimed at evaluating the impact of the training intensity and the muscular stress the activity of (Na+ - K – ATP ase). The levels of the extra cellular (Sodium and Potassium) (blood serum) and the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated for the handball players before and after exercising the sport training as well as evaluated the same data for the basketball players (The most stressed in training) before and after exercising these special game trainings. The research samples were gathered from (30) players of handball and basketball. The blood serum isolated to perform the required tests by using the special kits of each test. The results of measuring the extra cellular sodium showed a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) for the handball players after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before exercising the training. As well as the case of basketball players , the study results indicated that the sodium concentrations (P≤ 0.05) decreased significantly after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before exercising the training. These results also showed the significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in comparison with the two player groups of handball and basketball before and after exercising the training. As to the concentration of extra cellular potassium the results appeared a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) for the handball players after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before exercising the training. As well as the case of basketball players , the results of study showed a significant increase at potassium concentration (P≤ 0.05) after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before training. The results also appeared the absence of significant differences in comparison with the two – player groups before trainings. In comparison with potassium concentration after training between the two groups , the results gave significant different (P≤ 0.05) in which potassium was more concentrated in basketball group. As to the lactate dehydrogenase activity , the results showed a significant increase in enzyme activity (P≤ 0.05) in the two – players groups after the training , but there were no significant differences in comparison with the both player groups of handball and basketball after performing the trainings. This indicated to occurring changes in activity of (Na+ - K ATP ase) in case of happening the body stress , leading to decrease in concentration of extra cellular sodium and increase in concentration of extra cellular potassium and then followed some changes at level of these elements intra cellular. So this change increased with increasing the stress intensity.
Bifurcations and Exact Bounded Solutions of Some Traveling Wave Systems Determined by Integrable Nonlinear Oscillators withq-Degree Damping

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a class of nonlinear diffusion–convection–reaction equations, the corresponding traveling wave systems are well-known nonlinear oscillation type of systems. Under some parameter conditions, the first integrals of these nonlinear oscillators can be obtained. In this paper, the bifurcations, exact solutions and dynamical behavior of these nonlinear oscillators are studied by using methods of dynamical systems. Under some parametric conditions, exact explicit parametric representations of the monotonic and nonmonotonic kink and anti-kink wave solutions, as well as limit cycles, are obtained. Most important and interestingly, a new global bifurcation phenomenon of limit bifurcation is found: as a key parameter is varied, so that singular points (except the origin) disappear, a planar dynamical system can create a stable limit cycle.
Miriam Bodian. Hebrew of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam. The Modern Jewish Experience. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. xiii, 219 pp.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Miriam Bodian. Hebrew of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam. The Modern Jewish Experience. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. xiii, 219 pp. - Volume 24 Issue 2
The Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic Phagocyte

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients who have too few functioning mature polymorphonuclear neutrophils frequently develop fatal bacterial or fungal infections despite our best efforts to prevent and treat those infections. Recently new facets of white cell function which enable us to better understand both normal and abnormal states have been found. Several review articles about polymorphonucler neutrophils (also called neutrophils and granulocytes – the latter term includes eosinophils and basophils) have been published recently and the reader is referred to these for more comprehensive coverage of the field.
Determination of 2-Amino-3-Hydroxyphenazine (AHP) and 2, 3-Diaminophenazine (Toxicologically Relevant Impurities) by RPHPLC-MS Method in Carbendazim Technical

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.
Providing better care for patients with chronic disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Australian Journal of Primary Health is published by CSIRO PUBLISHING on behalf of the Australian Institute for Primary Care and School of Public Health, La Trobe University in association with the Primary and Community Health Network. The Journal is a refereed, international journal designed to publish articles on a range of issues influencing community health services and primary health care. The focus of the Australian Journal of Primary Health is on the integration of theory and practice in primary health utilising perspectives from a range of disciplines. The Journal publishes research articles, policy reports and analyses, book reviews, case reports, the views of practitioners, consumers, carers, students, and special interest groups, and descriptions of professional practice initiatives in the field of primary health care