jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract A58: TGF-beta inhibition and checkpoint blockade in mouse models for gastrointestinal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Gastrointestinal tumors are generally not responsive to checkpoint blockade unless they are hypermutated. Smad4 and p53 are frequently mutated in human gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: We conducted the intestinal epithelium-specific knockout of Smad4 and Trp53. Transcriptomic profiles were evaluated for spontaneous tumors that formed in these genetically engineered mice. Results: TGF-beta signaling pathway genes were overexpressed in bulk tumors formed in Villin-Cre;Smad4(F/F);Trp53(F/F). Efficacy of anti-PD-1 (10mg/kg IP BIW) and small-molecule ALK5 inhibitor (25mg/kg PO) was tested in syngeneic mice harboring heterotopic allografts of a cell line that was primarily cultured from a Smad4-null tumor. ALK5 inhibitor did not affect the growth of Smad4-null allograft as a monotherapy, but significantly enhanced the antiproliferative effect of anti-PD-1 as a combination treatment. Conclusion: TGF-beta pathway inhibition may be a promising approach to increase the efficacy of checkpoint blockade in gastrointestinal tumors. (NCC grants 1910021/1810951.) Citation Format: Kye S. Cho, Hark K. Kim. TGF-beta inhibition and checkpoint blockade in mouse models for gastrointestinal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A58.
The Murdoch Mission: The Digital Transformation of a Media Empire

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Preface. 1. The Dream Beam. 2. Walled Garden. 3. Big Guns. 4. The Code. 5. The Patent Lord. 6. Rupert, James, and the Dragon. 7. Patriarchs in Decline. 8. Footholds. 9. On The Peak. 10. Rupert and Rupees. 11. In the Land of the Giants. 12. Bubble. Epilogue: Legacies. Source Notes. Acknowledgments. Index.
Case studies of construction disputes on SOP act

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Final Year Project (FYP) studied the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payments (SOP) Act, in particular, on the Payment Claim aspect. In the past 10 years, the problems of the validity of payment claims as well as the manner in which they are served to respondents have arose many times and caused confusion to both adjudicators and well as judges when passing their adjudication determination or verdicts. This FYP will analyse various sections and subsections, in particular, Section 15 of the regulation together with several case studies to understand the problems behind disputes and the reasons why judgments were made in court. The cases of Lee Wee Lick Terence v Chua Say Eng (“Terence”) as well as Sungdo Engineering & Construction (S) Pte Ltd v Italcor Pte Ltd (“SVI”) were used as the two main case studies for this report. In both case studies, the validity of payment claim were pivotal issues which had the judges review the adjudicator’s decision. The difference, however, was that the payment claim in Terence was ruled as valid by the judge but the payment claim in the form of a letter in SVI was ruled as invalid. The writer quoted sections from the judges’ ruing and after digesting several references and materials had analysis for the reasons behind the verdict and his own views certain legislations of the SOP Act.
Properties of Saccades in Duane Retraction Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE. To improve understanding of the binocular control of saccades by making high-resolution eye movement recordings in patients with unilateral Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) type I (marked by congenital absence of the sixth cranial nerve). METHODS. Binocular eye movements were recorded in four patients in binocular viewing conditions during a saccade task. RESULTS. Affected-side gaze showed normal saccades of the sound eye and undershooting saccades of the affected eye— evidence of intact interneurons, but deficient motoneurons, in the sixth-nerve nucleus on the affected side. Postsaccadic smooth onward drift followed undershooting saccades of the affected eye. Sound-side gaze, inthecentripetal direction, showed relatively accurate saccades despite large offsets in initial position between the two eyes. In the centrifugal direction,
Unveiling Muslim Voices

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As the US population grows older and more diverse, it is becoming increasingly necessary to provide culturally sensitive caregiving services for seniors who are ethnically and linguistically diverse. In this article, we review and analyze the caregiving needs, strengths, and challenges of aging Muslim immigrants with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities and the roles that adult children and family caregivers play in providing service alternatives that meet their cultural and religious preferences. Based on an examination of current literature and case scenarios, we present the cultural factors that Muslim families often manage as they seek access to a meaningful life for those in their senior years. The article offers practical and effective approaches for identifying and better addressing a variety of caregiving issues that this group faces.
Factors affecting knowledge of home welfare service information in the elderly

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

目的: 本調査研究は, 高齢者に対する在宅福祉情報を効率的で効果的に提供するための指針を得ることをねらいとして, 在宅高齢者を対象に, 高齢者在宅福祉事業36項目の認知数と彼らの人口学的・社会構造的要因等との関連性を検討した. 対象と方法: 調査対象は, 層化多段無作為抽出法により, 65歳以上の在宅高齢者2,200名を北海道の5地域から抽出した. 有効回答は1,611名 (平均年齢は72.8歳) から得られた (性別構成は男性57.5%・女性42.5%). 調査項目は, 性別・年齢・教育歴・家族形態・所得・地域特性・健康状態 (自覚的健康感・医療機関への受療状況) ・高齢者在宅福祉事業に関する認知の有無とした. 統計解析には, 記述統計・多元配置分散分析および多重分類分析を用いた. 結果: 1人当たりの前記福祉事業に対する認知数の平均は15.5項目, 標準偏差は9.92であった. また, 個々人の前記認知数の違いは統計学的には年齢・教育歴・所得・地域特性・自覚的健康感と関連していることが示された. 結論: 高齢者は没個性的で受動的な情報行動とは異なり, 人口学的・社会構造的, および健康的要因の特性に基づく情報行動をとっているものと推察された. 従って, 高齢者に対する今後の情報サービスにおいては, 従来の周知型のみならず個々人の特性に即した選択肢提示型の周知内容が構成されなければならないものと言えよう.
A Novel Extended Version of the Ailamujia Inverted Weibull Distribution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Statististical distributions with support on the set of non-negative real numbers are important in modelling and describing the behaviour of lifetime data. Ailamujia distribution is one of the non-negative continuous distribution that has an application in lifetime data. In this paper, a new three-parameter non-negative continuous distribution which is an extension of the Ailamujia Inverted Weibull distribution is introduced. This extended distribution is labeled as the Cubic Transmuted Ailamujia Inverted Weibull distribution. The proposed distribution is derived from the cubic transmuted family of distributions by specifying Ailamujia Inverted Weibull distribution as a baseline distribution. The probability density function of the proposed distribution is derived and some of its plots are presented. It can be observed that the proposed distribution can model the data which are exponentially and skewed unimodal right tailed data. In addition, survival and hazard functions of the proposed distribution are derived. It reveals that the hazard function of the proposed distribution can model both monotonic and non-monotonic decreasing failure rate behaviour of the data. Some properties of the proposed distribution such as its moments, moment generating function, mean, variance are derived. The Maximum Likelihood approach is used to estimate the proposed distribution parameters. Furthermore, parameter estimates as well as the performance of the proposed distribution is investigated by utilizing two sets of lifetime data. For point of comparison, this paper uses the following criteria: Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, Kolmogorov Smirnov statistics, Anderson-Darling and Cramer-von Mises. Results show that for both sets of data, the proposed distribution produce better estimate as compared to the Quasi Suja and the Weibull-Lindley distributions. So, the proposed distribution consider as the best model for modelling the given two real datasets.
Materials Data on AlCrO3 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

CrAlO3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cr3+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form CrO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with six equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with six equivalent CrO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 64°. There is three shorter (1.84 Å) and two longer (2.04 Å) Cr–O bond length. Al3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form distorted AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CrO5 trigonal bipyramids and edges with six equivalent AlO6 octahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent Cr3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Cr3+ and three equivalent Al3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OAl3Cr tetrahedra.
Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum sp. nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent at Guaymas Basin, and emendation of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A thermophilic, non-spore-forming, marine, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain SL6T, was isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal sulfides collected at Guaymas Basin. The gram-negative-staining cells occurred singly or in pairs as small, highly motile rods. The temperature range for growth was 50-80 degrees C with an optimum at 75 degrees C. The pH range for growth at 70 degrees C was 6.3-6.8, with an optimum at 6.5. The NaCl concentration range for growth was 5-55 g l(-1), with an optimum at 30 g l(-1). H2 and CO2 were the only substrates for growth and sulfate reduction. However, growth was stimulated by several organic compounds. Sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfite, cystine, nitrate and fumarate were not used as electron acceptors. Pyruvate, lactate and malate did not support fermentative growth. Desulfoviridin was not detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 28 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strain SL6T is related to members of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium. However, the novel organism possesses phenotypic and phylogenetic traits that differ from those of its closest relatives. Therefore, it is proposed that this isolate, which constitutes the first marine representative of this genus, should be described as the type strain of a novel species, Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum sp. nov. The type strain is SL6T (= DSM 14290T = JCM 11239T). Because of the phenotypic characteristics of the novel species, it is also proposed that the description of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium requires emendation.
The Family Support Act: Will It Work in Rural Areas?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Family Support Act (FSA) is major welfare reform legislation that focuses on the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. The FSA requires States to set up a Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS) program to help families leave AFDC through education, training, and employment; requires stricter enforcement of child-support orders; and extends AFDC to married-couple families with an unemployed parent. The FSA should help some rural AFDC families escape the welfare rolls. The act, however, is not a cure for poverty or welfare. Its ultimate success in rural areas depends largely on how well States and local officials are able to implement the act. Areas differ greatly in their ability to take advantage of the FSA. For example, some rural areas may lack employment for participants who complete the JOBS program. Another potential problem is the concentration of the rural poor in the South, where States may have difficulties meeting matching requirements for Federal funding.
The value of serial measurement of both human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein for monitoring germinal cell tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Quantitative serial serum measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels using sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassays were performed in nine patients with germinal cell tumors before and during treatment. The sera of eight of the nine were found to have a hCG marker and five of the nine an AFP marker. The sera of four patients were found to have both. Serial serum levels of hCG, of AFP, or both were useful for monitoring disease activity during therapy in all nine patients. In two patients tumor masses failed to diminish during chemotherapy, but the tumor markers fell appropriately. At surgery one patient had a mature teratoma, the other a mature teratoma with a microscopic focus of an embryonal cell tumor. In one patient tumor reactivation was reflected by the emergence of only one of two previously elevated tumor markers. One patient had a rise in hCG, another a rise in both markers coincident with recurrence of tumor. Serial measurements of AFP and hCG are useful for following the response to therapy of germinal tumors, and can assist in making therapeutic decisions.
Artificial Saliva for Therapeutic Management of Xerostomia: A Structured Review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Artificial salivary substitutes are commonly used as mouth and throat lubricants.The purpose of this review is to describe the therapeutic role of artificial saliva for the symptomatic relief and preventive management of dry mouth. Materials and methods:To review application of artificial saliva in dentistry, the electronic search was carried out in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the hand search was performed in journals published from 1987 to 2018.Further information was requested from corresponding authors.Inclusion criteria were a predefined hierarchy of evidence and objectives.Results: Artificial saliva is considered to be simple to use and clinically effective, with the provision of immediate relief from the symptoms of dry mouth. Conclusion:The therapeutic efficacy of artificial saliva substitute is often transient, because of rapid elimination from the oral cavity, and thus there is an unmet need to maintain a hydrated mucosa for a prolonged period.
Study Regarding the Benefits of Applying Hospital Anxiety- Depression Scale (HAD) in Athletes During Pregnancy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pregnancy can be a very stressful time in a woman's life, a time dealing with delicate health situations. Moreover, in regard to the scale of dealing with stressful situations designed by Holmes (1970); Rahe and Arthur (1978), pregnancy occupies the 7th place, comprising a score of 40 points. Professional athletes fear that maternity could represent a disruption in their competitional activity, and a return to their previous physical condition would be significantly prolonged. In the present study, the HAD scale was applied in the case of 2 lots of pregnant professional athletes, pregnant both when included in the study as well as at a gestational period of 30 weeks. One of the lots underwent a complex program composed of obstetrics prophylactic kinetotherapy, which comprised both specific conventional kinetic methods (physical exercise, massage and posture techniques) as well as psychopedagogical ones (counselling, relaxation techniques, suggestion and autosuggestion, positive thinking); the other lot only underwent specific conventional methods. With the help of the HAD scale, the initial and final levels of depression and anxiety were determined, leading to the conclusion that they were significantly reduced in the case of the experimental lot, after applying the above-mentioned psychopedagogical methods (counselling, relaxation techniques, suggestion and autosuggestion, positive thinking).
Assessing the World Bank's influence on the worldwide diffusion of good governance paradigm

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What does mean for the World Bank and how far does the organization influence the world community with this concept? The first reference to the issue dates back to 1989, when the Bank referred to this phenomenon to explain major economic failures in the poorest countries. The Bank primarily focused on economic aspects of and progressively moved to its political dimensions in the 1990s. We discuss the potential reasons for this global shift, and its consistency as regards the values of liberal society. Bibliometric methods are used to provide information on the contribution of the Bank to the production of knowledge on this issue. We also explore the academic relationships that the organization has built to attain a certain standardization of the good governance concept. As well as networking which contributes to the promotion of its worldwide influence, Soft and Hard powers of the Bank are illustrated through its relationships with the donor community and financial flows. The Bank's economic and political indicators are briefly presented (CPIA, Doing Business, WGI). Improving domestic is supposed to condition the disbursements to recipient countries and to some extent (with differences between countries and organizations), those of the other bilateral and multilateral donors.
Cholesterol provides nonsacrificial protection of membrane lipids from chemical damage at air–water interface

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Comprising 30 mol % of the lipids in cell membranes, cholesterol plays vital biophysical roles in monolayer and bilayer membranes. It increases the lipid-packing density and maintains high membrane fluidity. Most studies of cholesterol in membranes focus on its effects on membrane structure and physical properties, with only minimum concern for possible biochemical consequences that might accompany these changes. In this study, field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry is employed to directly measure the chemical degradation of monolayer phospholipids caused by potent reagents OH and HCl at the air–water interface. When added to the lipid layer, cholesterol serves a nonsacrificial chemoprotective function, inhibiting the substantial degradation of both 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) that occurs in the absence of cholesterol.
Biomarker for Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: aMMP-8

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) is one of the most widespread chronic inflammatory diseases in the field of dental medicine. Active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) previously demonstrated diagnostic potential as a biomarker for AAP in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The aim of this study was to determine the levels and diagnostic accuracy of aMMP-8 in GCF from teeth with AAP. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, GCF samples were obtained from teeth with AAP (sample group, n = 31) and their contralateral teeth (control group, n = 31). Clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) parameters were used for the diagnosis and assessment of AAP and the determination of clinically healthy marginal periodontal tissues. One pool GCF sample per tooth was obtained from the whole crevice’s perimeter. aMMP-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical Analysis Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) were used as statistical tools. The significance level was set at p < .05. Results The two groups demonstrated biomarker levels corresponding to a healthy marginal periodontal tissue. aMMP-8 levels were statistically and significantly higher in the samples collected from teeth with AAP. Lesions with greater volume showed correspondingly larger diameters. No statistically significant correlation between aMMP-8 levels and lesions’ volume or diameter was discovered. Conclusion GCF composition is modified by AAP only to a minimal extent. Further research is needed to substantiate the utilization of aMMP-8 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of the disease as well as to explore its relationship with other biomarkers.
Lens anatomy parameters with intraoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in cataractous eyes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jorge Selem Haddad,1,2 Karolinne Maia Rocha,1 Kaileen Yeh,1 George Oral Waring IV3 1Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2Federal University of S&amp;atilde;o Paulo, S&amp;atilde;o Paulo, Brazil; 3Waring Vision Institute, Charleston, SC, USA Purpose: To study correlations of crystalline lens anatomy and position parameters obtained using intraoperative spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cataract patients. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated biometry data from 600 eyes of 399 cataract patients (mean age: 69&amp;plusmn;8.4 years) using intraoperative anterior segment SD-OCT during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. Lens anatomy and position parameters (anterior chamber depth [ACD] &amp;ndash; center of the anterior cornea to the anterior lens capsule, lens thickness [LT] &amp;ndash; distance between anterior and posterior lens capsules, and lens meridian position [LMP] &amp;ndash; distance from center of the anterior cornea to intersection of the anterior and posterior lens) obtained with intraoperative SD-OCT, were correlated among themselves and with noncontact axial length (AL). Equatorial plane position (EPP) (distance between the plane of the lens equator and anterior capsule) was also studied. Pearson&amp;rsquo;s coefficients (r-values) were determined for all correlation pairs. Results: There was a moderate correlation between AL and ACD (r=0.451; P&amp;lt;0.001). LMP was found to correlate strongly with ACD (r=0.77; P&amp;lt;0.001) but very weakly with AL (r=0.089; P=0.04). There was a moderately strong inverse correlation between LT and ACD (r=-0.586; P&amp;lt;0.001) but the correlation between LT and AL and LT and LMP was found to be weak (r=-0.155; P&amp;lt;0.001 and r=-0.121, P=0.003, respectively). Correlation of the ratio of EPP/LT and LT was weakly positive (r=0.267; P&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: LMP correlated strongly with ACD but only minimally with AL. LT correlated fairly strongly with ACD but only minimally with LMP. This should stimulate additional research into the relationships among ocular and crystalline lens anatomy and IOL position after cataract surgery. Keywords: SD-OCT, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, Catalys, lens meridian position, LMP, equatorial plane position
The Efficacy of Diltiazem Gel on Diminution of Patients’ Complaints After Anal Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><strong>Background and objectives</strong></p><p> Local pain and painful defecation are common patients’ complaints after anal surgery. Topical diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, can decrease the tonicity of smooth muscles of anal sphincter and probably decrease the aforementioned painful condition. This study evaluates the efficacy of topical diltiazem gel on these complaints.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p> In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, patients received either diltiazem gel or placebo (a gel not containing diltiazem), in inch at the site of operation, twice per day. All patients were followed up on 2<sup>nd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> postoperative days for scoring of complaints.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p> The pain and painful defecation decreased significantly in second day in patients received diltiazem. Pain was completely alleviated in all patients received diltiazem in 7<sup>th</sup> postoperative day. But, in the placebo group, pain was reported by some of the patients in this day. No unwanted effect was reported in patients received diltiazem.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p> Topical 2% diltiazem gel is effective on alleviation of pain and pain during defecation after standard anal surgery.</p><p> </p>