jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Maturity of Incident Investigations of the Ghanaian Mining Industry and Its Effect on Safety Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective incident investigations have been recognised as a vital means of improving safety. Nevertheless, there has been little attempt to link incident investigations to actual safety performance. In this study, a framework for assessing the maturity of incident investigations and identifying areas for improvements is described. The framework was developed based on a literature review and interviews with 41 investigators across five large-scale Ghanaian gold mines. The framework consists of 20 elements across four dimensions and five maturity levels. The dimensions (investigator competencies, system of investigation, stages of investigation and post-investigation findings) consider the most relevant aspects of practical investigation and for each dimension, elements that are more specific were defined across five maturity levels. Mapping the interview data collected from five mines into a maturity framework highlighted that the mines occupied different positions on the framework. Some occupied the advanced levels consistently and others consistently occupied the lower levels. Applying the interview data to the framework also identified priority areas for improvement. Finally, the maturity scores derived from mapping interview data onto the framework were correlated with the incidence rates of the mines to determine if any relationship existed between the two variables. The low incidence rate mines had higher maturity scores and the high incidence rate mines had lower maturity scores. It was found that the method was effective in practice, giving clear indications of areas where improvements are needed.
Role of parenteral nutrition in preventing malnutrition and decreasing bacterial translocation to liver in obstructive jaundice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Surgery in patients with obstructive jaundice is associated with significant infectious complications probably due to impaired immune function and malnutrition. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may alleviate malnutrition but may also promote bacterial translocation (BT) from the gut. To elucidate if TPN can prevent malnutrition without promotion of BT in obstructive jaundice, 40 dogs underwent laparotomy for tissue sampling and placement of a central venous line and were allocated into one of four groups: I (PO‐control) received dog chow and water ad libitum; II (PO‐CBDL) underwent ligation of common bile duct (CBDL) and was fed dog chow; III (TPN‐control) received TPN; and IV (TPN‐CBDL) underwent CBDL and received TPN. Body weight, blood samples for liver function tests and bacterial culture, and tissues from liver and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) for quantitative bacterial culture and for histology were obtained prior to and 2 weeks after the experiment. The incidence of BT to MLN was 40% in the PO‐CBDL and TPN‐CBDL animals, which was significantly different from the other two groups (0%); p <0.05). The incidence of BT to liver was 70% (7/10) in the PO‐CBDL animals, which was significantly higher than that in groups I, III, and IV (0%, 20%, 20%, respectively) ( p <0.05). The PO‐CBDL animals showed a significant decrease in body weight and prealbumin compatible with malnutrition, whereas the TPN‐CBDL animals showed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase and a consistent cholestasis on histology. The data suggest that TPN can prevent jaundice‐associated malnutrition and decrease BT to liver but should be administered cautiously because it may precipitate cholestasis.
Effects of lower-body negative pressure on sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise in humans. Microneurographic evidence against cardiac baroreflex modulation of the exercise pressor reflex.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although previous studies in both animals and humans have suggested that cardiac baroreceptors modulate reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise, more recent studies in conscious animals have not supported this view. To further test this concept in humans, we measured sympathetic nerve discharge with intraneural microelectrodes while we used static handgrip to activate the exercise pressor reflex and nonhypotensive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) to selectively unload the cardiac baroreflex. In nine healthy subjects, we measured blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve (resting leg) during 2 minutes of static handgrip at 20% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) alone and in combination with LBNP at -5 mm Hg. Handgrip alone (exercise reflex) at 20% and 30% MVC caused graded increases in MSNA. LBNP alone (cardiac reflex) did not alter blood pressure or heart rate but decreased central venous pressure by 2.5 +/- 0.1 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) and increased MSNA by 92 +/- 22% over the control value. Most important, handgrip performed during LBNP (interaction of reflexes) caused increases in MSNA that were comparable with the increases during handgrip alone: +114 +/- 32% versus +175 +/- 89% at 20% MVC and +328 +/- 101% versus +431 +/- 110% at 30% MVC (handgrip plus LBNP vs. handgrip alone, p greater than 0.1). Pressor and heart rate responses to handgrip also were unaffected by LBNP. In five additional experiments, comparable findings were obtained when the LBNP was superimposed on handgrip rather than handgrip being superimposed on LBNP. In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence in humans that nonhypotensive LBNP does not augment muscle sympathetic outflow during static handgrip and challenges the concept of an important interaction between cardiac baroreceptor and exercise pressor reflexes during this form of exercise.
Scalable FRaC Variants: Anomaly Detection for Precision Medicine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The FRaC anomaly detection algorithm has been previously used to identify anomalous mRNA expression patterns, and has served as the core of an approach that characterizes individual anomalies by identifying dysregulated molecular functions. However, FRaC operates by training supervised models for each feature in a data set. Thus, scaling to substantially larger data sets, such as those reflecting common sequence variants, would require prohibitive amounts of computation time and memory. Additionally, although FRaC is designed to be relatively robust to irrelevant variables, it is not perfectly so; due to the low sample sizes and large number of variables inmolecular data sets, substantially increasing the number of features beyond those in gene expression data sets raises the possibility of overwhelming the signal with noise. In this paper, we examine the scalability of FRaC variants using different feature reduction methods. We demonstrate that it is possible to preserve the anomaly detection accuracy of the original FRaC algorithm while requiring considerably fewer computational resources, allowing these methods to scale to handle other types of genomic data.
Lipid changes in HL‐60 cells on differentiation into macrophages by treatment with a phorbol ester

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We studied changes in lipid composition of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL‐60) on differentiation to the macrophage/monocytic lineage by treatment with the phorbol ester, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate. Differentiation was accompanied by: (i) a decrease in the level of phospholipids; (ii) a greater amount of triacylglycerols; (iii) an increase in 1‐alk‐1′‐enyl‐2‐acyl‐ and 1‐alkyl‐2‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine and a decrease in 1‐alkyl‐2‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine; and (iv) an increase in the level of arachidonic acid in ethanolamine phospholipids. The increased levels of ether‐linked lipids and of arachidonic acid in ethanolamine phospholipids are consistent with an enhanced biosynthesis of platelet‐activating factor and eicosanoids, which are particularly important in the macrophage function.
Traveling wave vibration characteristics of rotating FGM conical shell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Conical shell is common structural component in various rotating machinery. The study of traveling wave vibration performance of conical shell is of great significant for the design of rotating machinery. This paper addresses the traveling wave vibration performance of rotating functionally graded material (FGM) conical shells. Artificial springs, uniformly distributed, are employed to simulate the boundary constraints of rotating FGM conical shell. Accounting for the effects of Coriolis and centrifugal forces caused by rotation, the energy equation of rotating FGM conical shell is calculated, and then the dynamical model of the rotating FGM conical shell under elastic supported constraints is established using the Lagrange equation. The influence of key factors on traveling wave frequency and response characteristics of rotating FGM conical shell are investigated including rotational speed, half-cone angle and material components.
The Influence of Theology on the Rhetorical Theory of Austin Phelps

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Studies in the history of rhetoric can be enriched by paying more attention to the relationship between theological belief and rhetorical theory. This article describes ways in which theology shaped the rhetorical theory of Austin Phelps (1820–1890), the fifth Bartlet professor of sacred rhetoric at Andover Theological Seminary, America's first graduate school of theology and a premiere institution for rhetorical education during the nineteenth century.
Contribution to the assessment of the sustainability of urban freight transport in Morocco: A PLS-SEM Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With globalization and the expansion of cities, the movement of goods and people has significantly increased, both economically and socially. This sector serves as a vital component of any economy, fostering economic and social development. However, its detrimental effects pose significant challenges for countries seeking to pursue sustainable development policies. Being one of the most energy-intensive sectors, it emits greenhouse gases and pollutants, contributing to environmental degradation and noise pollution. While increased traffic and mobility offer benefits, they also strain resources and lead to higher energy consumption. The primary objective of this article is to assess the sustainability of freight transport in the Moroccan city of Fez and propose supportive solutions for various stakeholders in urban logistics. This involves examining the complex relationship between different factors and the sustainability of Urban Freight Transport (UFT), including accessibility, congestion, road occupancy, environmental impacts, health impacts, and road safety. The research data were collected from 100 managers and employees of logistics and transportation companies in Morocco. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test and confirm the hypotheses and the research model. The results of these analyses demonstrated a positive impact relationship between the various factors and the sustainability variable. Subsequently, we suggest the establishment of delivery areas and an urban distribution center as two sustainable logistics solutions. The analysis and its findings can be applied to any other city.
ChemInform Abstract: A Dimethylsulfonium Methylide Mediated Highly Regioselective Olefination of Conjugated Polyolefin 1,1‐Dioates to Conjugated Polyene‐2‐yl‐malonates and Their Applications in Diels—Alder Reactions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Conjugated polyene‐2‐yl‐malonates smoothly undergo regio‐ and stereoselective Diels—Alder reaction with dienophiles to afford cycloadducts such as (XVIII).
Screening for Novel Regulators of Wingless Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Wingless (Wg) pathway within Drosophila melanogaster is a well characterized intercellular signaling network that has been implicated in tissue specific cellular differentiation. However, the mechanism by which Wg signaling contributes to tissue specific changes in gene expression is still unclear. Previously, the Kennell Lab conducted a series of misexpression screens in order to identify novel regulators of Wg signaling. Wg signaling alters gene expression in various tissues through the action of the transcriptional coactivator Armadillo (Arm). As such, the Kennell lab was able to identify potential regulators of Wg signaling during eye development by measuring whether the alteration of a gene's expression using UAS enhancers had any effect on the development of an Arm‐dependent small‐eye phenotype. Once genes known to cause apoptosis independent of Wg signaling were discarded from the list of genes that caused suppression of the small‐eye phenotype, fifteen promising candidates remained. Of these identified genes, siz and CG5902 were selected for further in vivo characterization. The gene CG5902 has never before been characterized and the gene siz has been implicated in actin cytoskeleton organization and central nervous system development. The gene CG5902 was successfully subcloned into expression vectors and transfected into Kc167 cells in order to test Arm target gene expression using reporter gene assays. Additionally, siz and CG5902 knockdown strains of Drosophila melanogaster are currently being created in order to further characterize the effect of these genes on Arm target gene expression and eye development. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Woodland key habitats in northern Europe: concepts, inventory and protection

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The woodland key habitat (WKH) concept has become an essential instrument in biodiversity-orientated forest management in northern Europe. The philosophy behind the concept is basically the same in all of the countries: to conserve the biodiversity of production landscapes by preserving small habitat patches that are supposed to be particularly valuable. This article reviews the definitions, inventories and implementation processes of WKHs in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. Sweden and the Baltic countries have similar WKH models, while the models in Finland and Norway are clearly deviating. Depending on the country, the definitions emphasize different factors, such as soil and bedrock properties, stand structure and occurrence of indicator species. The mean size of the WKHs varies considerably, from 0.7 ha (Finland) to 4.6 ha (Sweden). The degree of formal protection also differs. Preservation of WKHs is primarily based on forest legislation in Finland, Estonia and Latvia, and on forest certification in the other countries. The implementation of the WKH concept is inconsistent between the countries, resulting in different sets of habitats being included in the WKH networks. This makes direct comparisons between the countries difficult, and may hamper the generalization of research results into other areas.
Authenticated encryption scheme with (t, n) shared verification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new authenticated encryption scheme with (t, n) shared verification based on discrete logarithms is proposed. In the scheme any ciphertext of signature for a message is addressed to a specified group of verifiers in such a way that the ability to decrypt the ciphertext of signature is regulated by the adopted (t, n) threshold scheme. That is, any t out of n verifiers in the group share the responsibility (or authority) for message recovery. The proposed scheme preserves the merits inherent in the signature scheme with message recovery and the (t, n) shared verification scheme. As compared to Harn's (t, n) shared verification scheme and its further modifications, the proposed scheme has the following advantages: it requires smaller bandwidth and achieves more secrecy of data transmission; it is more efficient for signature verification.
Religious Prohibitions as Encoded Survival Wisdom: A Cross-Cultural Statistical Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Religious and moral systems represent universal features of human societies, yet their evolutionary origins and functional significance remain subjects of considerable debate. While traditional approaches have emphasized spiritual or social functions, emerging research suggests many religious prohibitions may encode practical survival wisdom developed over millennia.Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that religious practices systematically preserve survival-relevant knowledge across cultures through the Cultural Survival Framework, which proposes that religious systems function as sophisticated survival technologies transmitted through oral traditions.Methods: We conducted a systematic analysis of 151 religious practices from 74 cultures across six continents using a comprehensive 29-column coding framework. Each practice was classified across five survival domains (Food Safety &amp; Nutrition, Disease Prevention &amp; Health, Resource Conservation &amp; Management, Social Cooperation &amp; Stability, Environmental Adaptation) and assigned evidence levels (1-5 scale) based on documented survival benefits. Geographic distribution, cultural independence, and environmental factors were controlled to address potential confounding variables. Statistical analysis examined correlations between evidence quality and confidence assessments.Results: Religious practices demonstrated a strong positive correlation with survival benefits (r = 0.614, p &lt; 0.001). Evidence levels were significantly skewed toward moderate to strong survival benefits, with 73.5% of practices achieving Levels 3-5 evidence and 37.8% reaching definitive or strong evidence (Levels 4-5). Social Cooperation &amp; Stability represented the largest domain (41.7%), while Resource Conservation practices showed the highest average evidence levels. Geographic analysis revealed minimal spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.12, p = 0.23), indicating independent cultural evolution rather than diffusion from common sources.Conclusions: These findings provide compelling empirical support for the Cultural Survival Framework, demonstrating that religious prohibitions and practices systematically encode practical survival wisdom across diverse cultures. The strength and consistency of correlations suggest that survival pressures have shaped religious evolution, with practices providing genuine survival advantages being preferentially preserved and transmitted across generations. This research offers new explanations for religious universals and highlights the potential value of traditional knowledge systems for contemporary applications in public health, environmental management, and social policy.
Effect of Soaking with Yeast Solution on the Dormancy and Sprouting of Potato Tubers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The research was conducted with an aim of studying the behavior of the tubers of some potato varieties cultivated in northern Syria towards the dormancy and the sprouting.The research was carried out in the 2019 agricultural season in Idlib Governorate (Al-Rouj Plain), which is considered one of the most important potato production areas in Syria.Three varieties were used in the experiment: Spunta, Synergy, and Panela.The potato tubers were soaked with the yeast solution at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 g/L) during four different periods (0, 1, 2, and 3 hours).The design was used completely randomly (CRD) in the experiment with three replicates per treatment and each replicate was one kg tubers.The results showed the superiority of all treatments on the control and in all the studied characteristics.Where the treatment of the variety Spunta were superior in the studied traits, followed by the Panela, then Synergy.In addition, the highest concentration of the yeast solution (20 g/L) exceeded the other concentrations in the studied characters.Also, the longer soaking period (3 hours) outperformed the other soaking periods in the studied traits.Generally, the soaking of Spunta variety tubers with the yeast solution at 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours gave the fastest break of the dormancy phase (25 days).While soaking the tubers of the Panela variety with yeast solution at the concentration of 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours achieved the largest number of sprouts per tuber (1.60 sprouts).Whereas soaking the tubers of Synergy variety with the yeast solution of concentration of 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours gave the highest weight of sprouts per sample (66.60 g).
Enacting standards in organic agriculture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a thesis about the standardisation of food through ‘sustainability’ labels, like those signifying organic or Fairtrade status. It examines how the voluntary product standards that underpin such labels are enacted through the everyday practices of producing, certifying and marketing farmed produce. This qualitative study of the enactment of organic standards in the UK suggests that such standards coordinate practices, forming an infrastructure which is normally invisible but which can be mobilised by producers to differentiate organic from conventional products. I describe the ways in which organic standards are enacted by farmers, certification bodies, policy makers and market actors. I suggest that standards provide process injunctions for farmers, requiring them to configure their farms in particular ways, adopt a preventative mode of farming, and a distinctive method of calculating value. I argue that organic standards are continually rewritten in the certification process, and that the multi-sited reproduction of different versions of organic standards results in markets characterised by a fragmented common space and partially maintained boundaries. Finally, I suggest that policy interventions formalise and frame organic farming as a public benefit. I argue that a multiplicity of ‘organics’ coexists with global notions of a singular ‘organic’, implying that the diffusion of ‘organic’ as a coherent concept is perfectly possible, even if the enactment of ‘organics’ in local practices is diverse. I suggest that all site-specific enactments of organic standards are abstracted into various formal spaces where they are made commensurable, and argue that the uniformity of organic ‘stuff’ is a result of the way local enactments are conjoined. These abstractions remove specifics of production and certification, and allow organic ‘stuff’ to circulate between actors. I conclude that the way in which voluntary product standards shape agricultural systems has political, organisational and ethical consequences for how ‘sustainable’ products are constituted.