jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The signaling mechanism of endothelial NMDA receptors in cerebral vasodilation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The NMDA receptors have been discovered to be crucial regulators in vasodilatory signaling pathway. Activation of NMDA receptors expressed by neurons causes calcium entry, which contributes to the increase in nNOS activity and NO synthesis. Previous research done by our group has shown that there is a functional linkage between brain endothelial NMDA receptors and nitric oxide production. However, whether eNMDA receptors influence Ca2+ levels and whether there is mechanistic linkage between Ca2+ entry and eNOS activity/NO production in brain endothelial cell is still not well understood. Here, I found while glutamate has no effect on Ca2+ levels in adult mouse primary endothelial cells, NMDA receptor agonist, D-serine, significantly enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels at physiological dose. These effects were mitigated by NMDAR channel blocker, MK-801, and NMDAR-associated D-serine/Glycine binding cite antagonist, DCKA. On the basis of our published data that eNMDARs trigger nitric oxide generation in primary brain endothelial cultures from neonatal (14-21 days old) mouse model, I developed an adult brain endothelial cell culture system and found that there was a smaller contribution of endothelial NMDA receptors to nitric oxide effects in these older cells. D-serine alone did not result in nitric oxide generation as high as 1000 M. A heavy disconnect between Ca2+ response and NO generation mediated by eNMDARs suggest a novel eNMDAR-related vasodilatory signaling pathway may exist in endothelial cells that is independent of the eNOS/NO effects.
Drug Discovery for Paediatric Chagas Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is regularly found among particular people living in Central and South America. Paediatric Chagas disease occurs in 1-10% of infants of infected mothers. The major important point considered in the treatment of congenital Chagas disease focuses on killing the parasite in acute infection and managing signs and symptoms in later stages. Nowadays, two drugs benznidazole and nifurtimox are currently available in the market for the treatment of paediatric Chagas disease.
Pre-cue EEG Rhythms Associated with MI-BCI Performance Variation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In recent years, Motor Imagery (MI) based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has been proven to be a promising approach for stroke neurorehabilitation. However, the potential therapeutic benefit was limited by BCI performance variation and the 'BCI-illiterate' problem, in which a non-negligible portion of users cannot reach adequate BCI control. In this paper, we investigated the MI-BCI performance variation across subjects (inter-subject) and within-subjects over an extended period (intra-subject). Eight subjects were recruited for a 7-session MI-based BCI intervention. The results showed that pre-cue theta and beta power were significantly correlated with BCI performance both inter and intra-subject aspects. The pre-cue rhythmic dynamic as a neurophysiological index would provide a way for future predicting and neurofeedback training to improve BCI performance.
First feeding of a marine ornamental fish, the White-barred Goby Amblygobius phalaena: Investigating the optimal initial live feed organisms and optimal feeding density

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective The White-barred Goby Amblygobius phalaena is a popular ornamental fish in the marine aquarium market. To achieve successful commercial production, efficient larval rearing techniques are crucial. Previous studies have achieved successful cultivation of White-barred Goby larvae by using a combination of three live feed organisms—the ciliate Euplotes sp., the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis, and the copepod Apocyclops royi nauplii—during the first feeding stage. However, the specific contributions of these live feed organisms to larval survival and growth remain unclear. Moreover, the optimal feeding density for the critical initial live feed organism has not been determined experimentally. In this study, we aimed to enhance the larviculture protocol for White-barred Goby by introducing Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata trochophores and by addressing these knowledge gaps. Methods Larvae were initially cultured through individual and combined feeding with four live feed organisms: Euplotes sp., Portuguese oyster trochophores, B. rotundiformis, and A. royi nauplii. The objective was to identify the optimal initial live feed organism during the first feeding stage by assessing the survival and growth performance of larvae. Subsequently, using this optimal live feed organism, larvae were cultured at four feeding densities (2, 5, 10, and 20 individuals/mL). Through evaluating feeding incidence, feeding intensity, survival, and growth performance, the aim was to determine the optimal feeding density for the selected live prey. Result Our experiments revealed that White-barred Goby larvae could consume both oyster trochophores and Euplotes sp. during the first feeding stage. However, larvae exhibited superior survival and growth performance when fed oyster trochophores. The optimal feeding density of oyster trochophores was determined to be 10 individuals/mL, while a feeding density as high as 20 individuals/mL resulted in decreased larval feeding incidence. Conclusion These findings have significant implications for enhancing larval production programs for marine ornamental gobies and promoting their sustainable commercialization.
Guidance of AUVs for Autonomous Underwater Inspection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, a task-based online path-planning and guidance system of underactuated unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) for inspection of underwater infrastructure is described. Whether there are harbor submerged structures, cables, pipes, hydro-technical works, they all need to be checked in relation to structural deterioration specific potential problems such as scour, erosion, and accelerated local corrosion problems. At the highest level, the mission controller handles different event types, permitting also the execution of mission tasks. The online path-planning module generates a set of waypoints based on an environmental perception module for the AUV to follow the target object with a constant distance. The guidance method actually controls the vehicle to follow the waypoints, assuming the relative position and attitude of the vehicle is precisely estimated in real-time. By combining these methods, an AUV can perform fully autonomous inspection of underwater structures. The system was evaluated with success for several harbor and pipeline inspection scenarios in a test basin and sea trials.
The use of pronase-digested human leukocytes to improve specificity of the flow cytometric crossmatch

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Two-color fluorescence cytometry (FCXM) has recently been introduced to improve the detection of anti-HLA antibodies that react to donor cells, especially in recipients receiving kidney allografts. Although this assay system is highly sensitive, it lacks specificity. Between 70% and 90% of potential kidney recipients with a positive FCXM would have been denied transplant if such an assay had been used alone to detect antidonor antibodies. Lack of specificity is principally due to normal or irrelevant IgG in aggregates or immune complexes binding to Fcy R receptors on lymphocytes including B cells and a significant subset of T cells. To circumvent this problem, we digested Fcy R receptors on lymphocytes with pronase. We present data demonstrating that pronase digestion of lymphocytes does not alter HLA antigenicity. In addition, pronased lymphocytes allow one to use either single- or two-color FCXM. With single-color FCXM, one can quantitate antibody reactivity to lymphocytes via a cursor (on the fluorescence histogram) that separates lymphocytes that do not bind to antibodies. We present data demonstrating that this modification renders FCXM highly sensitive and specific. In addition, one can discriminate between IgG and IgM antibodies that react to lymphocytes.
DNA and fingerprint recovery from an arson scene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The different methods of both DNA and fingerprint recovery from arson scenes are analysed within this literature. Arson is often used as a mode of concealment due to the wide misconception that fire destroys fundamental evidence. Advances in recent research and technologies have meant that techniques have been developed to further aid and enhance the recovery of evidence that has been exposed to the extreme conditions of a fire. In the forefront of all fire investigations where evidence recovery is paramount, the stages of the fire should be taken into consideration and pre-eminent soot removal techniques carried out in order to expose and visualise any evidence present. Although evaluation of current literature demonstrates that exceptional results from both fingerprints and DNA exposed to fire can be obtained, through different enhancement techniques, further research and developments are required in order to ensure these essential developments are standardised and mandatory to all arson scenes.
Kalecki and the Determinants of the Profit Rate in the United States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Weisskopfian approach has dominated empirical studies of the US rate of profit for the last thirty-five years. Forty-five years earlier, Michal Kalecki developed a different frame suitable for empirical profit rate studies, which had the potential to give different, but complementary, insight into the profit rate analysis based on the Weisskopfian approach. This paper first presents a development of the Kaleckian frame. It then applies this frame to the US economy and presents some preliminary empirical results.
An Aminoglycoside Microarray Platform for Directly Monitoring and Studying Antibiotic Resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to human health. Since resistance to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics is most commonly caused by enzymatic modification, we developed a high-throughput microarray platform for directly assaying resistance enzyme activity on aminoglycosides. After modification, the array can be hybridized with the therapeutic target, a bacterial rRNA A-site mimic, to study the effect that modification has on binding. Such studies will help identify important factors that contribute to high-affinity recognition of therapeutic targets and low-affinity recognition of and modification by resistance enzymes. This platform may also be useful for screening chemical libraries to discover new antibiotics that evade resistance.
Adherence to PCP medications found to be low.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Complicated regimens can lead to adherence problems when they include protease inhibitors and anti-PCP medications. A study of 244 adults showed that adherence was not a factor of age, race, gender, or class but was related to the number of times per day a medication was taken, the belief that the medications would work, the patient's positive mental health, and whether friends or family members would remind patients about taking their medications. Researchers need to address adherence issues in an effort to stop the development of drug resistant viruses.
States Divided: The Implications of American Federalism for COVID‐19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The explosion of the coronavirus onto the global stage has posed unprecedented challenges for governance. In the United States, the question of how best to respond to these challenges has fractured along intergovernmental lines. The federal government left most of the decisions to the states, and the states went in very different directions. Some of those decisions naturally flowed from the disease's emerging patterns. But to a surprising degree, there were systematic variations in the governors’ decisions, and these variations were embedded in a subtle but growing pattern of differences among the states in a host of policy areas, ranging from decisions about embracing the Affordable Care Act to improving their infrastructure. These patterns raise fundamental questions about the role of the federal government's leadership in an issue that was truly national in scope, and whether such varied state reactions were in the public interest. The debate reinforces the emerging reality of an increasingly divided states of America.
New crop management to improve perform-ance of Organic Winter oilseed in a network of farmer’s fields

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In organic systems in France, the yields of WOSR are known to be low and variable due to the lack of references on suitable crop management. The aim of our study was to assess four different crop management strategies for organic WOSR in geo-graphically broad network of farmer’s fields. Theses strategies were built in order to limit the impacts of the main limiting factors, i.e nitrogen / weeds and insects. Experiments comparing the four strategies were performed on a network of farm fields in four contrasted regions over 2 years. This study investi-gated also the potential use of turnip rape trap crop to control insect pests on organic winter oilseed rape during the third year. The cropping strategies differed in sowing date, crop density and row spacing, in order to use mechanical weeding. Decision rules concerning the utilisation of mechanical harrow were tested. Hypothesis on the effects of each crop management strategy on crop growth, on pests and environmental conditions were formalized and tested. An early sow-ing date decreased the attack of autumn insects and slugs and blackleg incidence. The smothering effect of oilseed rape on weeds depended on the interaction between the sowing date, the amount of available soil nitrogen at crop emergence, the crop density and the soil management. Attack of blossom pollen beetle were more important on turnip rape than on WOSR but in some cases the trap effect was not sufficient enough to limit pollen beetle damage in WOSR
Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012 Tentang Keberadaan Hutan Adat Masyarakat

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In principle, forest and forestry management is a management process for all components of the ecosystem, including humans. Utilization of forests to facilitate economic growth has eliminated the interests of customary forest communities, the rights of indigenous peoples have been protected as human rights, as stated in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning the basic provisions of human rights. The people of Buru District, Grandeng Village, have an area of forest area for other uses of around 600 hectares which can be used for the benefit of local communities, but there are often problems between the Transmigration Community and Indigenous People who have unresolved ownership of land areas based on customary law, as well as the involvement of the local government Buru Regency in providing solutions to problem-solving, the method used is descriptive qualitative with interview instruments and a review of legal documents related to the research theme. The results that can be conveyed are the utilization of Customary forest products and their management by the community in Lolongguba sub-district, often in coordination with Hinolong Baman or the Head of Soa, which means that legally the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision, No.35 / PUU-X / 2012 concerning the Existence of Community Customary Forests has been implemented in the community, however, the institutionality of the Waeapo Plains Indigenous Peoples has not been maximized, both in the implementation of customary law norms, as a result of factors, human resources, economy, social and Indigenous institutions themselves. Based on legal research, it is necessary to formulate a legal umbrella both government regulations and regional regulations regarding ownership of forests and forest products.
The lifetime and reliability of insulation displacement contacts with solid and stranded wires

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To determine the lifetime and reliability of insulation displacement connections with solid and stranded wires for use in telecommunication equipment, dry heat tests at 100 degrees C and 70 degrees C were carried out. The duration of these tests was up to three years. Temperature cycle tests between 20 and 80 degrees C were also made. The increase of the contact resistance in these tests is compared with the resistance increase of connectors kept at laboratory conditions. Both solid wires (0.5 and 0.4 mm) and stranded wires (7*0.20 mm, 7*0.16 mm, and 18*0.10 mm) with and without tin plating were tested in insulation displacement slots of three different manufacturers. It is found that the slots tested with solid wires have a stable contact resistance, while some of the slots with stranded wires showed an increase of the contact resistance. This was strongest for the 18-strand wires. The test results are compared with the spring constant and springback of the insulation displacement slot. Criteria for the evaluation of the lifetime and reliability of insulation displacement connections are discussed.< >
Peer cultures and subcultures within the Girl Guides of Cyprus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Diese Dissertation beschaftigt sich mit der Organisation ‘Girl Guides of Cyprus’ und den Subkulturen und ‘peer cultures’ innerhalb der unterschiedlichen Abteilungen und Altersgruppen. Diese sind: Chrysalides (5-6 Jahre), Butterflies (7-10 Jahre), Guides (10-12 Jahre), Air/Forest/Sea Guides (13-15 Jahre), Senior Section/Young Leaders (16-18 Jahre), Leaders und Commissioners (18+ Jahre). In dieser Forschung werden Rituale, Treffen, Aktivitaten und aktuelle sowie vergangene Ereignisse beschrieben und anhand folgender Fragen analysiert: Welche Vorstellungen verbinden die Madchen und Frauen damit, generell ein Girl Guide zu sein oder speziell ein Mitglied einer bestimmten Abteilung dieser Organisation, zum Beispiel ein Butterfly? Welche Vorstellungen haben Eltern und Betreuerinnen von den Aktivitaten dieser Organisation? Warum nehmen die Madchen und Frauen an diesen Aktivitaten teil, was gefallt Ihnen daran, was nicht? Welche Annahmen werden in diesen Aktivitaten und Ritualen durch und uber die Madchen und Frauen kommuniziert, und inwiefern sind die Kategorien Kind und Erwachsener in diesem Umfeld von Bedeutung? Welche Rolle spielt das ‘Guide Promise’ im Leben der Madchen und Frauen?

Ich habe vierzehn Monate in der Organisation geforscht um einen Jahreskreislauf an Aktivitaten mitzuerleben, erganzt durch eine zusatzliche Campsaison. Methoden, die ich dafur herangezogen habe, waren ‘Teilnehmende Beobachtung’, informelle Gesprache, individuelle und ‘focus group’ Diskussionen und Tagesberichte. Zusatzlich dazu wurden Ergebnisse in ‘feedback discussions’ mit den Mitgliedern der Organisation besprochen und Erganzungen vorgenommen.

Theoretisch ist diese Arbeit innerhalb der Organisationsanthropologie und der ‘Anthropologie der Kindheit/Jugend angesiedelt (Charlotte Hardman, Allison James), mit Fokus auf ‘peer cultures’ und Subkulturen welche Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene als Akteure inkludieren (Patricia and Peter Adler, Berry Mayall and Helena Wulff). Auch ausgewahlte Theorien zum Thema Gender/Femininity wurden miteinbezogen (e.g. Sinikka Aapola, Leena Alanen), da die ‘Girl Guides’ eine Organisation exklusiv fur Madchen und Frauen ist, welches sich demnach auf die Subkulturen und ‘peer cultures’ innerhalb der Organisation auswirkt.
The Reseach of Energy Saving Technique in Large-Scale Mushroom Factory

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy saving technique had attracted increasing attention in the field of mushroom industrial production. In this paper,a cooling tower water loop heat pump system,a evaporative condenser system and a rows of air-cooled heat recovery system were introduced and adjusted to adapt the mushroom cultivation line in a large scale mushroom industrial farm. 25% of energy conservation was summed up compaired with the old system through a theoretical calculation.
The microwave CAT and compensating technique of feed network in phased array radar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a technique of microwave CAT and compensation used in phased array radar. By means of the system error data files of the monitoring network and design data files of the feed network, the actual amplitude and phase distributions of the feed network in an operation environment can be obtained and compensated quickly and exactly with a computer and beam-controlling system. The simple and effective technique has been successfully applied in two kinds full-solid state active and phased array radars.
The effects of embryo splitting on Cdx2, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog gene expression in mouse blastocysts.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It can be concluded that the growth and developmental potency of sister blastocysts derived from split two-cell stage mouse embryos are the same as those of normal blastocysts. So, there are no significant differences in gene expression between the split and non-split groups.
Real-time fire detection using meteorological satellites during drought in Hunan Province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-time fire detection plays an important role in disaster prevention and mitigation, but we still know little about the development of fire occurrence. To this end, we propose a satellite hotspot monitoring method that combines polar-orbiting meteorological satellites and geostationary meteorological satellites to analyze satellite hot spots monitored in real time from July to November 2022 and the same period in 2021 in Hunan Province, China. The results show that the satellite hot spots from July to November 2022 have typical temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, and there is a clear correlation with the continuous development of the extreme drought area.
Quantum many-body scars in few-body dipole-dipole interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We simulate the dynamics of Rydberg atoms resonantly exchanging energy via two-, three-, and four-body dipole-dipole interactions in a one-dimensional array. Using simplified models of a realistic experimental system, we study the initial-state survival probability, mean level spacing, spread of entanglement, and properties of the energy eigenstates. By exploring a range of disorders and interaction strengths, we find regions in parameter space where the three- and four-body dynamics either fail to thermalize or do so slowly. The interplay between the stronger hopping and weaker field-tuned interactions gives rise to quantum many-body scar states, which play a critical role in slowing the dynamics of the three- and four-body interactions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024