jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The utility of Lab-based research in understanding televisions changing landscape

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The digital revolution is radically reshaping the advertising world by changing how consumers interact with media and advertising. Marketers are confronted with a staggering range of new advertising options emerging from the interplay of emerging new media channels and a world in which consumers are in charge. Choosing media and deciding how best to advertise is more complicated than ever. \n \nThe purpose of this conference was to draw together cutting edge academics and practitioners to explore what we have learned from current research on advertising. The empirical generalizations submitted for the conference will enable us to better predict the future through a deeper understanding of what has been seriously proven about advertising.
Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on Response to Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the last decades, the global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions with derived major health and socioeconomic consequences; this tendency is expected to be further aggravated in the coming years. Obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, increased caloric intake and genetic predisposition constitute the main risk factors associated with the development and progression of the disease. Importantly, the interaction between the inherited genetic background and some unhealthy dietary patterns has been postulated to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Weight loss through lifestyle modifications is considered the cornerstone of the treatment for NAFLD and the inter-individual variability in the response to some dietary approaches may be conditioned by the presence of different single nucleotide polymorphisms. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the influence of the association between genetic susceptibility and dietary habits in NAFLD pathophysiology, as well as the role of gene polymorphism in the response to lifestyle interventions and the potential interaction between nutritional genomics and other emerging therapies for NAFLD, such as bariatric surgery and several pharmacologic agents.
Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of South Georgia, South Atlantic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-one species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), including three new species, are reported from samples collected on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Fossonothrus wallworki n.sp., Lanceoppia elegantula n.sp. and Edwardzetes australis n.sp. are described and figured. Ten additional species, recorded previously, provides a total of 31 species for the island.
Design and fabrication of force sensing robotic foot utilizing the volumetric displacement of a hyperelastic polymer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis illustrates the fabrication and
characterization of a footpad based on an original principle of
volumetric displacement sensing. It is intended for use in
detecting ground reaction forces in a running quadrupedal robot.
The footpad is manufactured as a monolithic, composite structure
composed of multi-graded polymers reinforced by glass fiber to
increase durability and traction. The volumetric displacement
sensing principle utilizes a hyperelastic gel-like pad with
embedded magnets and Hall-effect sensors. Normal and shear forces
can be detected as contact forces cause the gel-like pad to deform
into rigid wells without the need to expose the sensor. A one-time
training process using an artificial neural network was used to
relate the normal and shear forces with the volumetric displacement
sensor output. Two iterations on geometry are prototyped and
tested. The first shows the ability to accurately predict normal
forces in the Z-axis up to 80 N with a root mean squared error of
6% but little information about shear forces in the X an Y-axis.
The second iteration demonstrates an ability to pick up the
presence and direction of shear forces up to 40 N but with a root
mean squared error of 70%. This project demonstrates a
proof-of-concept for a more robust force sensor suitable for use in
robotics that requires compliance while interacting with its
environment.
Binding of the herpes simplex virus major regulatory protein to viral DNA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Infected-cell protein 4 (ICP4), the major regulatory protein specified by herpes simplex virus 1 in infected cells, binds to homologs of the sequence ATCGTCnnnnYCGRC (A sites, where n is any nucleotide, Y is a pyrimidine, and R is a purine) and to unrelated sequences for which no consensus sequence has been derived (B sites). We have examined the binding of ICP4 to each of two A and two B binding sites by using Fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody that is reactive with an epitope located at the N terminus of ICP4 and that decreases the mobility of ICP4-DNA complexes in non-denaturing gels. The results indicate that each type of site binds two monomers of ICP4. Methylation-interference studies on the type B sites mapped the guanines whose methylation interfered with the binding of ICP4. The methylation-interference pattern obtained with one of the B sites was similar to that obtained on an A site but differed from that of the other B site. The ability of ICP4 to bind to DNA fragments containing the binding site appears to be dependent on length and on the proximity of the binding site to the fragment end. Short DNA fragments did not form stable complexes with ICP4 even though they contained all of the purines whose methylation interfered with the binding of the regulatory protein.
Regeneration of Taxus chinensis var. mairei from adventitious bud formation using an in vitro embryo culture.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of seed sterilization conditions, various basal media, and growth regulators on explants of mature Taxus chinensis var. mairei embryos were studied. Results showed optimal germination occurred with seeds soaked in a 25.0 g·L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min in a vacuum. The contamination rate was reduced to 6% and the germination rate reached 86%. A woody plant medium (WPM) was selected as the best basal medium with 0.1 mg·L-1 kinetin (KT) and 1.0 mg·L-1 zeatin (ZT). This medium effectively induced more clusters of adventitious bud formation; whereas 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and isopenlenyladenine (2iP) induced fewer adventitious buds while N-phenyl-N′-1, 2, 3-thidiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) produced no adventitious bud differentiation. With WPM, germinated embryos effectively induced adventitious buds.
Real-Time Optimization of Dynamic Speed Scaling for Distributed Data Centers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new distributed real-time optimization for MapReduce-style framework in emerging cloud platforms supporting dynamic speed scaling functions. Distinctively different from the existing MapReduce parallelism strategy with fixed specific data chuck sizes, the new approach is able to dynamically dispatch input data of adequate sizes and synthesize interim processing results according to applications and the state of data centers (DCs). The key idea is to decouple the optimizations of data dispatching, processing, and result aggregation without loss of optimality, by employing stochastic optimization techniques. Another important aspect is that we optimize the subproblem of data processing to leverage the energyand speed-configurability of DCs, by optimally deciding the number of servers to be activated at every DC and the CPU speeds of the activated servers. Evident from extensive simulations, the proposed approach is able to increase the throughput-cost ratio by up to 94.3%, as compared to existing initiatives, and substantially improve the throughput in the case of high-rate data streams.
Concert recording 2019-10-15

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[00:00]. Sonata for viola and piano, op. 11. I. Adagio ; II. Quasi menuetto, tranquillo - Sempre motto e sciolto ; III. Allegro risoluto e vivace / Hans Gal -- [20:05]. Pieces de viole, Livre 4. Rondeau - L'Agreable ; La Provencale ; La Matelotte ; Le Basque / Marin Marais -- [26:08]. Sonata for viola and piano "Arpeggione" D. 821. Allegro moderato ; Adagio Allegretto / Franz Schubert.
Isolation and molecular cloning of a fast-growing strain of human hepatitis A virus from its double-stranded replicative form

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A fast-growing strain of human hepatitis A virus was selected and characterized. The virus has the unusual property of developing a strong cytopathic effect in tissue culture in 7 to 10 days. Sequences of the viral genome were cloned into recombinant plasmids with the double-stranded replicative form as a template for the reverse transcription of cDNA. Restriction analysis and direct sequencing indicate that this strain is different from that described by Ticehurst et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:5885-5889, 1983) in the region that presumptively codes for the major capsid protein VP1, but both isolates have conserved large areas of homology in the untranslated 5'-terminal sequences of the genome.
SHP2 regulates the development of intestinal epithelium by modifying OSTERIX + crypt stem cell self‐renewal and proliferation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11 , is ubiquitously expressed and essential for the development and/or maintenance of multiple tissues and organs. SHP2 is involved in gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium development and homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. While studying SHP2’s role in skeletal development, we made osteoblast‐specific SHP2 deficient mice using Osterix (Osx)‐Cre as a driver to excise Ptpn11 floxed alleles. Phenotypic characterization of these SHP2 mutants unexpectedly revealed a critical role of SHP2 in GI biology. Mice lacking SHP2 in Osx + cells developed a fatal GI pathology with dramatic villus hypoplasia. OSTERIX, an OB‐specific zinc finger‐containing transcription factor is for the first time found to be expressed in GI crypt cells, and SHP2 expression in the crypt Osx+ cells is critical for self‐renewal and proliferation. Further, immunostaining revealed the colocalization of OSTERIX with OLFM4 and LGR5, two bona fide GI stem cell markers, at the crypt cells. Furthermore, OSTERIX expression is found to be associated with GI malignancies. Knockdown of SHP2 expression had no apparent influence on the relative numbers of enterocytes, goblet cells or Paneth cells. Given SHP2’s key regulatory role in OB differentiation, our studies suggest that OSTERIX and SHP2 are indispensable for gut homeostasis, analogous to SOX9’s dual role as a master regulator of cartilage and an important regulator of crypt stem cell biology. Our findings also provide a foundation for new avenues of inquiry into GI stem cell biology and of OSTERIX’s therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
Statistical debugging for real-world performance problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Design and implementation defects that lead to inefficient computation widely exist in software. These defects are difficult to avoid and discover. They lead to severe performance degradation and energy waste during production runs, and are becoming increasingly critical with the meager increase of single-core hardware performance and the increasing concerns about energy constraints. Effective tools that diagnose performance problems and point out the inefficiency root cause are sorely needed. The state of the art of performance diagnosis is preliminary. Profiling can identify the functions that consume the most computation resources, but can neither identify the ones that waste the most resources nor explain why. Performance-bug detectors can identify specific type of inefficient computation, but are not suited for diagnosing general performance problems. Effective failure diagnosis techniques, such as statistical debugging, have been proposed for functional bugs. However, whether they work for performance problems is still an open question. In this paper, we first conduct an empirical study to understand how performance problems are observed and reported by real-world users. Our study shows that statistical debugging is a natural fit for diagnosing performance problems, which are often observed through comparison-based approaches and reported together with both good and bad inputs. We then thoroughly investigate different design points in statistical debugging, including three different predicates and two different types of statistical models, to understand which design point works the best for performance diagnosis. Finally, we study how some unique nature of performance bugs allows sampling techniques to lower the overhead of run-time performance diagnosis without extending the diagnosis latency.
SH1165148.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Formation of a supermolecular compound of β-cyclodextrin and sodium p-(3-formyl-4-hydroxylphenyldiazo)phenylsulfonate in aqueous solution and solid state

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Aim To study the formation of the supermolecular compound between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium p-(3-formyl-4-hydroxylphenyldiazo) phenylsulfonate.Methods The host-guest behavior of the azo salicylaldehyde derivative with β-CD in aqueous solution and solid state was investigated by ()~1H NMR,electronic spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy,XRD,and TG-DTA.Results Sodium p-(3-formyl-4-hydroxylphenyldiazo) phenylsulfonate forms a stable inclusion compound with β-CD with the host-guest stoichiometry of 1∶1 both in aqueous solution and solid state,in which the guest molecule is included in the cavity of β-CD parallel with the Z axial of β-CD.The solid inclusion complex contains 11 water molecules.Conclusion A supermolecular compound with the host-guest stoichiometry of 1∶1 can be formed by β-CD and the azo salicylaldehyde derivative both in aqueous solution and solid state.
Hosea: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Hosea. By Hans Walter Wolff. Translated by Garry Stansell and edited by Paul D. Hanson. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974. xxxii + 259 pages. $19.95.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hosea: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Hosea. By Hans Walter Wolff. Translated by Garry Stansell and edited by Paul D. Hanson. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974. xxxii + 259 pages. $19.95. - Volume 2 Issue 2
Clinical significance of reverse perfusion pattern in Rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion PET-CT studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1116 Objectives A reverse redistribution pattern during myocardial perfusion imaging is most widely described in SPECT myocardial perfusion studies using thallium (Tl-201), when stress images demonstrates greater perfusion in comparison to rest portion of the study. Reverse perfusion (RP) pattern may also occur in Rubidium-82 PET-CT myocardial perfusion studies, but its significance hasn’t been studied in the current literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical significance of RP pattern in Rb-82 PET-CT myocardial perfusion studies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 389 consecutive Rb-82 PET-CT myocardial perfusion studies performed in our center over a 14 month period. The studies were evaluated for misregistration, motion and attenuation artifacts. 12 (3%) patients demonstrated RP. Of those with RP, only four patients had undergone cardiac catheterization within 12 months of PET imaging. Correlation was sought between the presence and location of angiographic stenosis and RP pattern. Results 3/4 (75%) had significant (>60%) coronary stenosis; 2 single-vessel, and one two-vessel disease. Stenosis location correlates with the RP territory; Circumflex/Lateral 1/1, RCA/Inferior 1/1, and only one patient with RP pattern in anterior wall segment had significant stenosis in RCA territory. The RP could not be explained by any imaging artifacts in any of these studies. Conclusions PET studies show markedly less prevalence of artifactual RP in comparison to reported literature of MIBI and Thallium SPECT studies. The presence of reverse perfusion on Rb-82 PET-CT myocardial perfusion studies may implicate coronary disease and may not be attributed merely to artifact. However, since this is an uncommon finding, larger scale population studies need to be done for better evaluation of reverse perfusion pattern significance on PET Rubidium studies
Be Stable and Fair: Robust Data Scheduling for Vehicular Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The stable and fair data transmission of vehicular networks can improve transport efficiency and reduce traffic accident. It is challenging to ensure the stability and fairness of data transmission in dynamic vehicular networks. However, existing works based on opportunistic scheduling cannot support reliable transmission since stability and fairness are difficult to be guaranteed at the same time. In this paper, we propose a stable scheduling scheme for dynamic vehicular networks based on fair allocation of available channel resources. We formulate the problem of stability and fairness as network utility maximization, and propose an algorithm, called SF-NUM, to solve it. SF-NUM uses the stability scheduling method based on back pressure vector for the first time in vehicular networks. In order to achieve the fairness distribution of channel resources of the vehicular networks in the distributed computing way, multiple factors are considered in the SF-NUM algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms.
Regulation of castasterone level in primary roots of maize, Zea mays

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that primary roots of maize contain 28‐norcastasterone (28‐norCS) and its biosynthetic precursors, cholesterol, and cholestanol, which suggests that the C 27 ‐brassinosteroid (C 27 ‐BR) biosynthetic pathway to generate 28‐norCS is operative in the roots. A cell‐free enzyme solution prepared from maize roots successfully mediated C24‐methylation of 28‐norCS to produce castasterone (CS) with the aid of S‐adenosyl‐ l ‐methionine, which indicates that CS can be generated through C 27 ‐BR biosynthesis, as well as C 28 ‐BR biosynthesis, in maize roots. Enzymatic conversion study using the cell‐free enzyme solution demonstrated that CS is converted into 26‐norCS in the enzyme solution. Exogenously applied 28‐norCS and 26‐norCS showed less activity than CS in the activation of gravitropic curvature and inhibition of root elongation. Taken together, a steady‐state level of CS, the active BR in maize roots, seems to be strictly controlled by complicated processes such as C 28 ‐ and C 27 ‐BR biosynthesis and biodegradation by C26‐demethylation to exert its biological activity.
Participatory varietal selection takes into account poor farmers' realities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

‘Participatory varietal selection’ is a four-step approach that offers farmers a choice of crop varieties matched to their needs. It arose from the realisation that farmers weren’t using varieties developed and tested on research stations because they didn’t work in the real world. So farmers continued to grow old, unproductive varieties prone to pests and diseases. The approach has been proven—and refined to become even more client-oriented—in Ghana, Bangladesh, India and Nepal for rice, wheat, mungbean, horsegram, maize, chickpea, finger millet and sorghum. Improvements in quality and yield have been startling. The potential for participatory varietal selection is huge as it could be applied to all farming systems, all major crops, all types of farmers, and all countries.
Effects of altered photoperiod regimes during winter on growth and gonadosomatic index in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) reared in freshwater

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The short- and long-term effects of altered photoperiods during winter on growth and final gonadosomatic index (GSI) were investigated in 178 individually tagged 2-year-old smolt Arctic charr from an anadromous strain. The fish were reared at ambient temperature (2.3–12.5°C) for 18 months and reared at five different photoperiods. One group was reared on constant LD16:8 (light–dark, N = 40) photoperiod and a second group on continuous light (LD24:0, N = 32) throughout the experimental period. Three groups of fish were moved from LD16:8 to LD24:0 for 44 days and subsequently back to LD16:8, that is early winter light group (Early WL: 17 November–5 January; N = 35), Mid WL group (5 January–23 February; N = 38) and Late WL group (23 February–6 April; N = 33). No differences in growth were found for females, whereas males reared at constant LD24:0 were larger (mean ± SEM, 1,780 g ± 180) compared with the Late (1,264 g ± 101) and Mid WL (1,413 g ± 120) groups towards the end the study. Exposure to continuous light during early winter significantly influenced the GSI in female Arctic charr, whereas no differences were found in the males. Female GSI (%) was lowest in the Mid WL group (1.7) and highest in the LD24:0 group (7.0). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that application of brief continuous light treatments during January and February can possibly be used as a tool to lower subsequent female maturation in Arctic charr farming.