jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incidental Capture of Pinnipeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We reviewed the literature on incidental catches of pinnipeds by commercial fisheries using both passive and active fishing gear. Few incidental catch data were available for most species, although a substantial amount of information has recently become available for species in the North Pacific Ocean and the Northwest Atlantic Ocean off Eastern Canada. Incidental catches in passive gear appear to be of sufficient magnitude to have contributed to population declines of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and Kuril seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) in the North Pacific and harp seals (P. groenlandica) from the Barents Sea. Incidental catches in active gear appear at least partially responsible for the decline of northern sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the North Pacific. Detrimental impacts of incidental catches are also indicated for New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) off the Auckland Islands, harbour seals (P. vitulina concolor) off Newfoundland and Alaska, grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the eastern Baltic and for endangered Mediterranean (Monachus monachus) and Hawaiian (M. schauinslandi) monk seals. Several factors appear to influence incidental catches of pinnipeds, including behavioural traits of individual species, age of individuals, fishing gear type, and the temporal and spatial overlap of a species&apos; range with fishing activities. More and better data on incidental catches of marine mammals (pinnipeds and cetaceans) and sea-birds by individual fisheries are required in order to evaluate properly the magnitude of the problems and their potential impact on specific populations.
You can have your ensemble and run it too – Deep Ensembles Spread Over Time

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ensembles of independently trained deep neural networks yield uncertainty estimates that rival Bayesian networks in performance. They also offer sizable improvements in terms of predictive performance over single models. However, deep ensembles are not commonly used in environments with limited computational budget - such as autonomous driving - since the complexity grows linearly with the number of ensemble members. An important observation that can be made for robotics applications, such as autonomous driving, is that data is typically sequential. For instance, when an object is to be recognized, an autonomous vehicle typically observes a sequence of images, rather than a single image. This raises the question, could the deep ensemble be spread over time?In this work, we propose and analyze Deep Ensembles Spread Over Time (DESOT). The idea is to apply only a single ensemble member to each data point in the sequence, and fuse the predictions over a sequence of data points. We implement and experiment with DESOT for traffic sign classification, where sequences of tracked image patches are to be classified. We find that DESOT obtains the benefits of deep ensembles, in terms of predictive and uncertainty estimation performance, while avoiding the added computational cost. Moreover, DESOT is simple to implement and does not require sequences during training. Finally, we find that DESOT, like deep ensembles, outperform single models for out-of-distribution detection.
The Effect of Earnings Management, Board Characteristics, and Firm Size to Firm Performance on Manufacturing Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract. This study aims to examine the effect of earnings management, board characteristics, and firm size on firm performance by measuring Tobin's Q (TQ). In this study, we examine the effect of earnings management using accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management, the effect of board characteristics using the variable the board of directors size and board of commissioners size, and also examine the effect of firm size by means of the natural log of firm assets. The results of this study indicate that accrual-based earnings management and firm size have a significant positive impact on firm performance while for real earnings management variables, the board of directors size, and the board of commissioners size are not significant on firm performance in this research topic.
Phase Transitions in Monolayers. Effect of a Second Component on the Transition Pressures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Phase transitions in monolayers are divided into two groups regarding if a flat part in the π‐A curve occurs or only a knikpoint. This distinction is related to the miscibility or immiscibility of the two modifications in the monolayer. Phase transition were compared with monolayer collapse. Upon compression the molecular area decreases till the molecules are highest packed, but instead of collapse by further compression, the molecules undergo a reorientation to a smaller limiting molecular area. The effect of a second component on the transition pressure was examined theoretically and the corresponding equations derived, starting from the chemical potential in the monolayer as elaborated by Defay et al. The transition pressure depends on the amount of the second component added to the system and is in disagreement with the Goodrich method. The effect of cholesterol on the phase transition in a stearic and myristic acid and ethylpalmitate monolayer was examined. When the two modifications are immiscible (myristic acid and ethylpalmitate) by addition of cholesterol the phase transition disappears and causes a condension of the expanded monolayer. In the case of stearic acid (miscible modifications) addition of cholesterol yields no appreciable difference in the surface pressure at the transition point. For this system the collapse pressure shows anomalities.
Dual blockade of angiotensin‐II and aldosterone suppresses the progression of a non‐diabetic rat model of steatohepatitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim Both angiotensin‐ II ( AT‐II ) and aldosterone ( A ld) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of diseases in several organs including the liver. We previously reported that suppression of AT‐II and A ld with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE ‐ I ) and selective A ld blocker ( SAB ), respectively, attenuated the rat liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of our current study was to elucidate the combined effects of ACE ‐ I and SAB in the progression of a non‐diabetic rat model of steatohepatitis, and the possible mechanisms involved. Methods In the choline‐deficient L‐amino acid‐defined ( CDAA ) diet‐induced model, the effects of ACE ‐ I and SAB on liver fibrosis development and hepatocarcinogenesis were elucidated, especially in conjunction with neovascularization. Results Treatment with both ACE ‐ I and SAB suppressed the development of liver fibrosis and glutathione‐ S ‐transferase placental form ( GST ‐ P ) positive pre‐neoplastic lesions. The combined treatment with both agents exerted more inhibitory effects as compared with either a single agent along with suppression of the activated hepatic stellate cells ( A c‐ HSC ) and neovascularization, both of which play important roles in these processes. Our in vitro study showed that AT‐II type 1 receptor blocker ( ARB ) and SAB inhibited A c‐ HSC proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis along with suppression of the in vivo studies. Conclusion Dual blockade of AT‐II and A ld suppresses the progression of a non‐diabetic rat model of steatohepatitis. Because both agents are widely and safely used in clinical practice, this combination therapy could be an effective new strategy against steatohepatitis in the future.
JS04.6.A IMPORTANCE OF NEUROANATOMICAL SUBSITES IN DEFINING PATTERNS OF INFILTRATION AND RECURRENCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA: DEVELOPING EVIDENCE TO CHALLENGE UNIFORM MARGIN EXPANSION FOR RT TARGET VOLUME DELINEATION.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND RT target volume delineation protocols for Glioblastoma(GBM) utilise uniform expansion around the surgical cavity/residual tumour, without consideration of adjacent sites at more risk for infiltration. However neuroanatomical subsites may have specific regions where tumour infiltration occurs, especially related to adjacent white matter tracts(WMT). This study categorises the infiltration/relapse pattern for three neuroanatomical sites as a means for developing future alternative target volume delineation protocols. METHODS Consecutive patients managed for GBM with EORTC-NCIC Protocol(60Gy) between 2008-2023 were identified. Tumours centred on anterior temporal(TempAnt), occipital(Occ) and posterior parietal(PostPar) lobes were initially selected for analysis. Based on assessment of T1-gadolinium-enhanced/T2-weighted MRI sequences adjacent sites of tumour infiltration and subsequent relapse was assessed. These sites were categorised into zones reflecting increasing extension of tumour away from initial involved gyrus, and scored in regards to proportional rate of involvement. Adjacent WMT involvement was recorded. Primary endpoint was relapse-free survival(RFS)and rate of distant relapse as defined by &gt;20mm from surgical cavity/residual tumour. Involvement at relapse of each defined regional zone was assessed for the three neuroanatomical sites. RESULTS 497 patients were managed with median overall survival of 17.4 months(95%CI: 15.1-19.9 months). Fifteen neuroanatomical sites were used for categorisation of which 10% were AntTemp; 9% Occ and 11% PostPar. Infiltration pattern was consistent for each site, with predictable zones identified based on initial involved gyrus. For example with AntTemp the temporal stem/insular involvement was evident in 57% for T1gd and 94% for T2 signal; however hippocampal T2 signal seen in only 21% of patients. For Occ subsite the trigone of lateral ventricle was involved in 48%; varying for medial vs lateral based tumours. PostPar subsite had initial cingulate gyrus, splenium/parahippocampal involvement in 70% at diagnosis. Similarly at relapse the patterns were predictable with consistent zonal and adjacent WMT involvement. Median RFS for whole cohort was 11.9 months(95%CI: 10.6-13.3). In AntTemp 73% relapse sites involved external/extreme capsule or frontal lobe; and 87% had evidence of relapse involving WMT. For Occ lateral tumours commonly relapsed at trigone(69%vs50%) and anterior temporal region(46%vs15%); with medial tumours involving the splenium(40%vs11%). For PostPar distant relapse was evident in 53% with distal sites along Cingulum pathway. CONCLUSION GBM infiltration and relapse pathways occurred in predictable distribution around initial neuroanatomical site. RT potentially may be individualised for neuroanatomical subsite and non-isotropic target volume expansion.
Fusion power and the environment.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Fusion reactor design concepts are being pursued in the research and development programme of various countries and studies are being undertaken on the possible environmental impact of fusion power reactors. The paper reviews and summarizes the results of such environmental impact studies. Attention is restricted to deuterium-tritium fusion reactor concepts and a preliminary environmental impact assessment is presented. The possible inventory tritium and radioactive materials in the neutron-activated blanket structure of fusion power reactors is described and potential hazards posed by this radioactive materials inventory are discussed. Non-radiological implications and accident considerations are outlined. In conclusion, various areas still awaiting further investigation and research work are identified. The paper contains 8 tables and 50 references.
The 1942 Santa Anita Detainment Center Labor Strike and Japanese American Incarceration during World War II

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article studies a brief strike by Nikkei incarcerees at the Santa Anita Assembly Center in 1942. Employed in the industrial production of camouflage nets, the imprisoned Japanese Americans staged a strike over pay, worker safety, and rights. Without previous guidelines, the center’s administrators had to devise a resolution to this halt in the production of war materiel. The Santa Anita netmakers' strike and its resolution provided a foundation for handling labor disputes at the permanent WRA camps later. The author identifies the administration, division of labor, pay, and unsafe work conditions, along with the strike leadership, management’s response, and the outcome of the strike.
A Task-Based Design Guide for Command and Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The need for better design of user interfaces (UI) has been required by the ever-increasing complexity of command and control (C2) systems, the life cycle constraints (LCC), and the increasing operational dynamics and needs of the combatant commanders (COCOM). With usability issues becoming widespread in the C2 community, there is now an even greater need for UI standardization, which is advanced by the plan to adopt a UI style guide for C2 systems. Although UI standardization in the form of a style guide seems to be a step in the right direction, a style guide alone may be inappropriate given the inherently diverse nature of C2 systems. Here, we will discuss a more logical solution that explores a fundamental change away from the current function-based design methodology and suggests moving towards a task-based design approach. A key component of task-based design is articulated in the scientific publications within Human Factors Engineering (HFE). HFE is the domain within Human Systems Integration (HSI) that is most relevant to the System Engineering (SE) process, and ironically, is often misunderstood, dismissed, or omitted entirely from SE architectures. Other operational domains that have employed HFE design-engineering approaches have found major impacts in system effectiveness, suitability, and affordability. Development and deployment of task-based human interfaces in C2 configurations can reduce LCC and improve the operational capability available to the COCOM. Operation of C2 systems must be driven by what needs to happen next in the command environment, not by the limitations of a function-based user interface.
A Study on Development of Collecting Historical Manuscripts Management System in the National Institute of Korean History

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

국사편찬위원회는 역사 연구의 자료가 되는 기록인 사료의 중심 수집기관으로 사료조사수집 활동을 통한 성과물을 이용자에게 제공하기 위한 수집사료 관리시스템을 개발하고 있다. 사료는 기록물의 특성을 가지고 있어 출처주의, 계층목록과 같은 기록물관리체계를 따르지만 실제 업무흐름은 도서관업무와 유사하다. 국편이 목표로 하는 수집사료 관리시스템은 전자사료관시스템과 전자도서관시스템의 통합된 형태가 된다. 본 연구는 국사편찬위원회의 사례를 중심으로 수집사료 관리시스템의 개발과 시스템의 성공적인 운영을 위해 고려해야 할 사항들을 제안하고 있다.
Bi-directional Relevance Matching Between Medical Corpora

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Readily available, trustworthy, and usable medical information is vital to promoting global health. Cochrane is a non-profit medical organization that conducts and publishes systematic reviews of medical research findings. Over 3000 Cochrane Reviews are presently used as evidence in Wikipedia articles. Currently, Cochrane’s researchers manually search Wikipedia pages related to medicine in order to identify Wikipedia articles that can be improved with Cochrane evidence. Our aim is to streamline this process by applying existing document similarity and information retrieval methods to automatically link Wikipedia articles and Cochrane Reviews. Potential challenges to this project include document length and the specificity of the corpora. These challenges distinguish this problem from ordinary document representation and retrieval problems. For our methodology, we worked with data from 7400 Cochrane Reviews, ranging from one to several pages in length, and 33,000 Wikipedia articles categorized as medical. We explored different methods of document vectorization including TFIDF, LDA, LSA, word2Vec, and doc2Vec. For every document in both corpora, their similarity to each document in the opposing set was calculated using established vector similarity metrics such as cosine similarity and KLdivergence. Labeled data for this unsupervised task was not available. Models were evaluated by comparing the results to two standards: (1) Cochrane Reviews currently cited in Wikipedia articles and (2) a data set provided by a medical expert that indicates which Cochrane Reviews could be considered for specific Wikipedia articles. Our system performs best using TFIDF document representation and cosine similarity.
Studies on the Megasporogenesis, Microsporogenesis and Development of Female and Male Gametophyte of Capsicum annuum L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper studies the megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and development of female and male megasporogenesis of Capsicum annuum L. by means of routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique. The results are as follows: Five anthers, four locule. The anther wall comprises an epidermis, endothecium, 2 or 3 middle layers and glandular heterotypic tapetum. Towards the outer side the tapetum is derived from the primary parietal layer, whereas on the inner side it develops from the cells of connective. Both of the two kinds of tapetum contribute to the development of male gametophyte. Archesporium in the stamen is multicellular. There are two rows of microspore mother cells on the transverse section of each locule. Meiotic divisions in microspore mother cells are followed by simultaneous cytokinesis and result in tetrahedral and decussate tetrads. Pollen grains are three-porate and two-celled at mature stage. Free-central placentation and polyovulatus. The ovule is anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellal with the endothelium. The single archesporial cell functions directly as megaspore mother cell. The later undergoes meiotic divisions and develops into linear tetrad. The third megaspore is the functional one which undergoes three times mitosis and develops into a mature embryo sac with 7 cells and 7 nuclei. Embryo sac is of Polygonum type. The development of stamen is earlier than that of pistil, they synchronize before blossom. When blossom, the dispersed pollen grains arrive at the stigma of its own pistil so that self-pollination is completed. Here we discuss the derivation of heterotypic tapetum, characteristics of its morpha and structure, and relationship between the tapetum and male sterlity.
Turned gel electrophoresis of mouse liver ribosomes in polyacrylamide agarose composite gel.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mouse liver ribosomes were analyzed by 1.8% polyacrylamide 0.5% agarose composite gel electrophoresis (7.5% cross linkage gel). When the ribosomal suspension mixed with agarose was applied to the gel slot, ribosomes were resolved in the composite gel. When turned gel electrophoresis in which gel concentration was the same for the second run, was carride out, ribosome bands from 40S subunits to the maximum hexamers were observed. This high resolution electrophoresis may be one of the most powerful tools available to analyze the non-denatured ribonucleoprotein particles and membrane components and to study the conformational change of ribosomes.
Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining Rubus anglocandicans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rubus anglocandicans is the most widespread and abundant blackberry species within the European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) aggregate in Western Australia (WA). European blackberry is also one of the 32 Weeds of National Significance in Australia. A disease recorded as 'blackberry decline' was first observed in some blackberry sites in WA in 2006. A disease survey was conducted in the Manjimup-Pemberton region along the Warren and Donnelly River catchments in WA between 2010 and 2012. Phytophthora amnicola, P. bilorbang, P. cryptogea, P. inundata, P. litoralis, P. multivora, P. taxon personii, P. thermophila and a P. thermophila × amnicola hybrid were recovered from declining and adjacent decline-free sites, as well as from streams and rivers. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from dying Banksia and Eucalyptus species from two non-decline sites. Of these species, P. bilorbang and P. cryptogea were more pathogenic than the others in under-bark inoculations using excised stems (primocanes), in planta primocane inoculations in blackberry growing wild in native forest stands, and in glasshouse pot trials. It was concluded that blackberry decline is a complex syndrome and Phytophthora species, in particular P. bilorbang and P. cryptogea, together with temporary inundation, are major biotic and abiotic factors contributing to blackberry decline.
Susan Fast. In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. vii, 247 pp. ISBN 0-195-14723-5 (paperback)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Susan Fast. In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. vii, 247 pp. ISBN 0-195-14723-5 (paperback). Un article de la revue Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes (Volume 23, numéro 1-2, 2003, p. 1-256) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Tailoring Optical and Structural Properties of PVP/Chitosan Blend Films via In-Situ Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The work involved the preparation of polymer nanocomposite films utilizing a Polyvinyl pyrrolidone/chitosan (PVP/CS) polymer blend filled with varying concentrations of AgNO3 salt, employing a chemical in situ reduction technique alongside a solution casting method. The polymer nanocomposite films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity with 20 wt.% AgNO3 sample exhibiting the lowest degree of crystallinity compared to the pure blend and other composite films. The well-dispersed silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) within the polymer matrix contributed to the enhanced optical properties, as evidenced by SEM imaging, which demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion with minimal agglomeration. Furthermore, ATR spectroscopy provided a detailed analysis of the reaction mechanisms within the nanocomposite matrix, confirming the interaction between the Ag-NPs and the polymer blend. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed that lower crystallinity corresponds to a reduced absorption edge, a decrease in direct band gaps and indirect band gap energy, and an increase in Urbach energy. In addition, the refractive index and extinction coefficient were systematically assessed. The notable improvement in optical characteristics indicates that the PVP/CS/Ag-NP composite films hold promise for use in optoelectronic devices.
Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to implant materials

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The adherence of Streptococcus mutans OMZ‐176 to six implant materials (polycrystal alumina, single‐crystal alumina, titanium alloy, cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum alloy, hydroxyapatite, and heat‐curing polymethylmethacrylate resin) was studied in vitro . The change of free energy, which corresponds to the adherence process, was also evaluated for hydrophobic interaction. Adherence of S. mutans to poly‐crystal alumina was lower than adherence to other materials. The adherence of S. mutans to the test materials was highly correlated with the change of free energy, which suggests that hydrophobic interaction plays an important role in the adherence of S. mutans to the implant materials.