jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Precursor configurations and post-rupture evolution of Ag-CO-Ag single-molecule junctions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Experimental correlation analysis and first-principles theory are used to probe the structure and evolution of Ag-CO-Ag single-molecule junctions, both before the formation, and after the rupture of the junctions. Two dimensional correlation histograms and conditional histograms demonstrate that prior to the single-molecule bridge configuration the CO molecule is already bound parallel to the Ag single-atom contact. This molecular precursor configuration is accompanied by the opening of additional conductance channels compared to the single-channel transport in pure Ag monoatomic junctions. To investigate the post-rupture evolution of the junction we introduce a cross-correlation analysis between the opening and the subsequent closing conductance traces. This analysis implies that the molecule is bound rigidly to the apex of one electrode, and so the same single-molecule configuration is re-established as the junction is closed. The experimental results are confirmed by ab initio simulations of the evolution of contact geometries, transmission eigenvalues and scattering wavefunctions.
Social Media Addiction: The Rising Concepts and Issues

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social media has become immensely popular during the last one decade. The social media activities have occupied a sizable space in the daily lives of individuals. The virtual and vibrant social media platforms provide an easy access to its users which may lead to over use and consequently may result into social media addiction. This qualitative study is aimed at giving brief overview of some of the rising concepts and issues that have emerged in empirical studies during the last one decade regarding social media usage and its potential for addiction as it is important to establish consensual themes, concepts and issues so that researchers and clinical practitioners may combine their efforts to establish a communication system for a reliable assessments of social media addiction and behaviours associated with it.
Early bone growth in chickens genetically selected for a high and low growth rate.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Male chickens from lines divergently selected for fast (FGL) and slow (SGL) growth were compared for the growth of cortical bone. Morphology, histomorphometric, compositional and biomechanical properties of the tibiotarsi were analysed in both lines at 1, 8, 15 and 22 d of age. Tibial morphology (length, volume, cross-section and diameters) was similar in FGL and SGL chickens when compared at an equal body weight. Cortical area was also similar in both lines at an equal body weight but cortex porosity was higher in FGL. Tibial mineral density (ash:volume) was higher in FGL than in SGL at hatching and at 8 d of age. Biomechanical properties were lower in SGL than in FGL at 8 d of age, but then became higher in this line when compared at equal body weight. The very slow growth rate in SGL did not modify bone size when chickens were compared at equal body weight. Bone quality was modified in various ways: in SGL bone structure was strengthened by a lower porosity of the cortex while bone tissue was less mineralized up to 22 d of age. In both lines, cortical growth was slower than in commercial cross-breeds and bone quality (structure and composition) was improved compared to broilers.
Congenital craniospinal axis dermal sinus in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 总结小儿颅脊柱轴先天性皮肤窦道的临床特点和诊治经验.方法 回顾分析1990年7月～2005年7月经外科手术和病理证实43例.结果 本组男24例,女19例,年龄2个月～11岁,平均年龄2.6岁.MRI是主要诊断方法.皮肤窦道位于枕后4例,颈段1例,胸段4例,腰骶段34例.枕后4例窦道穿过硬脑膜,合并小脑皮样囊肿继发脑脓肿,脊柱部位39例中合并皮样囊肿20例,表皮样囊肿2例,5例皮样囊肿位于髓内,其中2例继发感染形成脓肿.囊肿完全摘除17例,残留部分囊肿壁5例.结论 颅脊柱轴皮肤窦道为先天性疾病.MRI是首选的诊断手段,早期诊断和显微外科手术治疗是最佳的选择。
Search for wild buckwheat species in high mountainous regions of Yunnan and Sichuan. Fagopyrum 15

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Distribution of wild Fagopyrum species and cultivation of common and tatary buckwheats were investigated by visiting deeper mountain regions of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces of China. Wild tatary buckheat, F. tataricum ssp. potanini, always distibutes north of the northern boundary of F. cymosum. F. gracilipes can grow in high plateau (higher than 3,000 m) of Yunnan province, although it is not growing in the Tibetan plateau. The wild ancestor of common buckwheat, F. esculentum ssp. ancestralis and its close relative F. homotropicum distribute more widely in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces than previously considered. Two samples are probably new species; one from Lixian, Sichuan province is morphologically related to F. callianthum, the other from Zhongdian, Yunnan province, is similar to F. leptopodum.
399 BEHAVIORAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN DETERMINING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose

There is an increasing prevalence of obesity and dramatic decline in physical activity among American youth, including children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Little is known regarding the causes of decreased physical activity, impact on health, and relationship of decreased physical activity and obesity to other cardiovascular risk factors. We sought to evaluate behavioral and environmental variables as determining factors for physical activity and obesity in children with CHD.

Methods

Healthy children and children with CHD, aged 6-13 years old, were recruited. Children with CHD were further subdivided into CHD I (after repair without significant residual limitations) and CHD II (after palliative procedure with residual limitations). Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Child Vulnerability Scale, and Parent Protection Scale. Children completed a Physical Activity Determinants Questionnaire. Chi-square tests and linear regression were used for data analysis.

Results

There were no significant differences between the healthy subjects and those with CHD in Child Behavior Checklist subcategories of withdrawal, anxiety/depression, thought problems, delinquency, somatic problems, social problems, attention problems, and aggression. There was no difference in parent overprotection between healthy patients and those with CHD I and CHD II using the Parent Protection Scale. CHD II children were perceived as more vulnerable by parents than healthy subjects on the Childhood Vulnerability Scale (p = .02). Perceived child vulnerability correlates well with parent overprotection among subjects with CHD (p = .01) but not in the healthy group. Child vulnerability also correlates with body mass index (BMI) in healthy subjects (p = .05) but not in CHD groups. Self-efficacy for physical activity has significant correlation with BMI in all study subjects (p = .05).

Conclusion

Parents of children with CHD consider their children more vulnerable and perceived vulnerability is associated with parent overprotection. Higher child vulnerability is also associated with higher BMIs. Parental overprotection may lead to physical activity restriction in some children. Therefore, perception of child vulnerability and parental overprotection in children with CHD may represent a risk factor for physical inactivity and, ultimately, towards development of obesity.
Collaboration and co-creation at a distance: using technology to enhance student engagement online

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This workshop will be a collaborative, co-created discussion on the use of digital tools for student engagement. We will facilitate this with a hands-on demonstration of Miro, a multiplatform collaborative whiteboard app that can be used live or on-demand to engage students in interactive teaching sessions. \n \nAt Middlesex University we introduced Miro as part of our pandemic teaching provision after trialling many virtual whiteboards; it is now an integrated part of our learning and teaching strategy. We will discuss digital innovations in engagement including whiteboard apps and polling software for gamification of learning, and a wide variety of other online tools. These technologies when utilised and integrated appropriately are powerful tools for student engagement. \n \nOver a number of years the mathematics team at Middlesex University have developed expertise in the use of technology in both the face-to-face setting and online. Students are given loan iPads and Apple Pencils to use during their studies on the programme. Having begun making the move to a more digitally inclusive teaching, learning and assessment strategy in 2017-2018, the team moved swiftly and confidently to online teaching when the first CoVid-lockdown occurred. Although our prior experience prepared us to teach online the reality of ensuring student engagement remained high quickly became an issue. Novelty gave way to the reality of digital poverty and the consequences of lockdown on lecturing staff and students’ mental health. Our focus had to move beyond the initial lecture/tutorial model of teaching to include high-quality learning experiences that gave students the opportunity to collaborate with peers and act as co-creators in sessions. \n \nOur aim in this workshop is to explore the potential of using technology to enable students to co-create learning and teaching. We will share our experiences, both positive and negative, of using them live in class and on-demand and share staff and student evaluations of their use. We will introduce and discuss some of the ways we have used technology to build constructive learning sessions, and the innovations that we will take forward into the future of teaching when we return to campus. \n \nParticipants will be expected to interact and engage in this session using collaborative virtual whiteboards: you will have a go some interactive activities from the student perspective before joining a small group to plan a lecture using these technologies.
Correlation of ground-water levels and air temperatures in the winter and spring in Minnesota

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

_______________________________________________________ D-1 Introduction...___________________________________________________ D-1 General pattern of water-level fluctuations in water-table wells._________D-2 Water levels and air temperatures in the winter and spring.____________D-2 Relation between ground-water levels and air temperature____________ D-7 Melting of the frost layer from the bottom____________________ D-10 Capillary movement of water to the frost zone ____________________ D-11 Effect of the frost layer on recharge and runoff________________________ D-12 Conclusions_____________________________________________________ D-13 Heferenees______________________________________________________ D-14 ILLUSTKATIONS Page FIGTJEE 1. Hydrograph of observation well 108.30.9add, Brown County, and air temperature at New Ulm, Minn., 1946.___________D-3 2. Hydrograph of observation well 108.30.9add, Brown County, and air temperature at New Ulm, Minn., 1948____________ D-5 3. Hydrograph of observation well 108.30.9add, Brown County, and air temperature at New Ulm, Minn., 1951 ____________ D-6 4. Hydrograph of observation well B58.20.16dbel,Chisholm, and air temperature at Mahoning Mine, Hibbing, Minn., 1954__ D-8 5. Hydrograph of observation well B58.20.16dbcl,Chisholm, and air temperature at Mahoning Mine, Hibbing, Minn., 1955__ D-9 <6.Sketch illustrating thermal conditions, the trend of the water table, and the occurrence of frost in the winter and spring._ D-12 m
Domesticating data: functional simplicity in data presentations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a world progressively suffering from information overload, simplicity in information design becomes a quality of increasing relevance. Simplicity in visual data presentations creates clarity that facilitates good decision-making. In decision-making, as elsewhere, we can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear. Mediocre visual data presentations have three unwanted effects. They cause decision makers to use more time than necessary digesting the information on hand, they hinder decision makers to understand problems and evaluate possible decisions, and they inspire decision makers to neglect available information in favour of unfounded guesswork. Simplicity in information design fights all three undesired effects. The simplicity in demand is functional simplicity. Functional simplicity in information design is concerned with improving usability and utility of information and should not be confused with minimalism, which is a matter of aesthetics. Functional simplicity in information design means more understanding with less reading. That in turn leads to more effective and more efficient decision-making. Functional simplicity in information design goes beyond raw reduction of data presentations. It involves size, variation/repetition, and structure. All three dimensions of simplicity influence the amount of redundancy that creates the delicate balance between necessity and superfluity, between understanding and boredom. The measure of redundancy that is both necessary and sufficient should be determined with a view to the context and the expected culture of the intended target groups. This paper pins down the concept of functional simplicity, discusses its importance in data designed for decision, and examines the three dimensions of simplicity one by one. Finally, it looks into the need for redundancy in several types of data presentations.
The Role of Socially Embedded Concepts in Breast Cancer Screening: An Empirical Study with Australian Experts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is not clear whether breast cancer screening is a public health intervention or an individual clinical service. The question is important because the concepts best suited for ethical reasoning in public health might be different to the concepts commonly employed in biomedical ethics. We consider it likely that breast screening has elements of a public health intervention and used an empirical ethics approach to explore this further. If breast screening has public health characteristics, it is probable that policy and practice experts will employ socially embedded concepts when reasoning about it. We gathered data on whether and how these concepts existed in the discussion and reasoning of Australian breast screening experts. We found that experts employed these concepts when talking about the purpose and practices of breast screening, and the behaviour of breast screening professionals and consumers. Experts gave varied judgements about breast screening based on reasoning with these concepts, considering it to be more or less successful in contributing to the public interest and in incorporating socially embedded concepts into its operational agenda. Our findings are compatible with breast screening having public health characteristics. We advocate for the incorporation of socially embedded concepts in breast screening policy and practice.
Distribution of Methanotrophic Bacteria in the Coastal Marine Sediments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Methanotrophic bacteria attract attention from the viewpoints of biology, geochemistry and bioremediation. However, the ecology of marine methanotrophs is not well known in spite of their possible important role in the environment, partly because they are difficult to cultivate. Enrichment cultures of methanotrophic bacteria were obtained from coastal marine sediment under 1:1 methane and air conditions. The cultures utilized methane and oxygen and released carbon dioxide. Under TEM observation the cultures contained bacteria with the stacked intracytoplasmic membrane system, which is characteristic of group I methanotrophic bacteria. MPN method with tentative growth confirmation by TEM observation was applied to enumerate methanotrophic bacteria in the sediments from Otsuchi Bay, Tokyo Bay, and Aburatusbo Inlet. The count had positive correlation with the viable count of heterotrophic bacteria. Vertical distributions in sediment samples at two stations in Tokyo Bay showed a high count of methanotrophic bacteria and low methane concentration in shallow sediment, which suggested the methane profile was caused by the activity of methanotrophs. The highest count of methanotrophic bacteria was 2400 MPN in 1ml of the marine sediment.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONFLICTS IN PATIENT CARE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the dynamics of ethical and legal conflicts in patient care in Indonesia and to provide recommendations that can enhance clinical practices and healthcare policies. This study employs a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with healthcare practitioners, patients, and their families. Data is also analyzed through policy analysis and literature review to gain comprehensive insights. The research findings indicate that healthcare practitioners often encounter ethical conflicts in clinical decision-making, especially when their ethical values conflict with the wishes of patients or their families. Ineffective communication among healthcare practitioners, patients, and their families also emerges as a significant factor contributing to conflicts in decision-making. Active involvement of patients and their families in clinical decision-making proves crucial in managing ethical and legal conflicts. Additionally, the uncertainty of healthcare practitioners and resource limitations in handling conflicts also pose significant challenges.
[Renal neoplasms and renal transplantation: current problems and future perspectives].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary carcinomas of the kidney can develop in renal transplantation in four sets of circumstances: (1) detected in the donor, (2) detected as a pre-existing neoplasm in the recipient prior to transplantation, (3) as de novo malignancies arising post-transplantation in the native kidneys of the recipient, (4) or in the graft. In Italy, any renal mass detected during harvesting does not allow the use of any organs for transplantation; however, several reports from other countries have already shown the safety and efficacy of transplanting kidneys with small (<4 cm), unifocal, subcapsular tumors, after resecting the lesion at the back table and verifying the negativity of the surgical margins; this strategy could also be evaluated in Italy to expand the donor pool. Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is commonly observed in uremic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD); numerous studies have reported an increased prevalence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in association with this nephropathy. The use of ultrasound, computerized axial tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly improved the ability to detect renal tumors at earlier stages associated with ACKD and the morbidity and mortality rate, in either uremic or transplant patients. RCC in the transplanted kidney is rare and, when recognized, requires nephrectomy. However, a conservative approach with nephron sparing surgery has been reported for selected cases as a useful strategy to treat renal carcinoma in the allograft.
3D Surface Roughness and Fluid Inertia Effects on Steady State Characteristics of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing: Performance Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — In the present work, the influence of surface roughness and fluid inertia effects on steady state characteristics such as load carrying capacity and stability threshold speed of journal bearing systems is studied using a modified form of average Reynolds equation developed in the authors previous paper [19]. Solution of the modified Reynolds equation is obtained using finite element method. The effects of the roughness height, orientation and characteristics of surface roughness of opposing surfaces on steady-state characteristics of journal bearing systems are studied including fluid inertia effect. The developed mathematical models, solution algorithm and the results obtained in this work are expected to be quite useful to the bearing designers. Index Terms — Convective inertia, Surface roughness, Hydrodynamic lubrication.
Hospitality in Bali after COVID-19: Navigating the Path to Recovery

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Bali's hospitality industry and explores strategies for its recovery. The study analyzes the economic, social, and environmental consequences of the pandemic on Bali's tourism sector. It investigates coping strategies and resilience measures implemented by industry stakeholders to overcome the challenges. The role of sustainable tourism practices in the resilience and recovery of Bali's hospitality industry is also examined. The article offers insights into the post-pandemic transformation of the guest experience, emphasizing the adoption of technology-driven solutions, personalized services, and cultural immersion. Additionally, it highlights the importance of balancing sustainability and growth in rebuilding Bali's tourism sector. This research contributes to the understanding of the challenges faced by Bali's hospitality industry after COVID-19 and provides recommendations for its sustainable recovery.
Social entrepreneurship in co-operatives

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Studies of business entrepreneurship tend to focus on the individual, and the economic aspects of starting a new enterprise and subsequent business development. This paper is concerned with developing a framework which allows both economic and social dimensions of entrepreneurship to be analysed. It reveals a differentiation between the conventional popular model of the individual entrepreneur creating their own enterprise from initiatives involving more than one person, and from initiatives which involve a more formal, institutional focus of entrepreneurial activity. This type of entrepreneurial activity is most common where some level of local development is prominent, and infrastructure is established to allow this development activity to take place. The framework is developed to accomodate the often neglected collective or pluralistic dimension of entrepreneurship. The paper draws on the behavioral approach (Gartner, 1989) to adopt a straightforward definition of social entrepreneurship – the creation of a social enterprise (co-op, mutual or voluntary organisation); but the social dimension of entrepreneurship is examined within the research: by exploring the extent to which social or community goals played a part in its formation and subsequent operation.