jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A New Porous Lithosilicate with a High Ionic Conductivity and Ion-Exchange Capacity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New Porous Lithosilicate with a High Ionic Conductivity and Ion-Exchange CapacitySo-Hyun Park, John B. Parise, Hermann Gies, Haiming Liu, Clare P. Grey, and Brian H. TobyView Author Information Department of Geosciences State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York 11790-2100 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 44, 11023–11024Publication Date (Web):October 24, 2000Publication History Received16 August 2000Published online24 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005527qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005527qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cations,Chemical structure,Electrical conductivity,Ionic conductivity,Materials Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Effect of Static Magnetic Fields on Biological Systems

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Considerable evidence now exists relating exposure to static magnetic flelds (SMFs) to changes in a number of biological systems, particularly those whose function is linked to the properties of membrane ion channels. Most of the reported efiects of moderate SMF may be explained on the basis of alterations in membrane calcium ion ∞ux as well as intracellular cal- cium availability. The mechanism suggested to explain these efiects is based on the diamagnetic anisotropic properties of membrane phospholipids. It is proposed that reorientation of these molecules during SMF exposure will result in the deformation of imbedded ion channels, thereby altering their activation kinetics. Channel inactivation kinetics would not be expected to be in∞uenced by these flelds because the mechanism for inactivation is not located within the in- tramembraneous portion of the channel. Patch-clamp studies of calcium channels have provided support for this hypothesis, as well as demonstrating a temperature dependency that is under- standable on the basis of the membrane thermotropic phase transition. 1. INTRODUCTION The in∞uence of static magnetic flelds (SMFs) on biological systems has been an area of considerable interest for many years. These flelds, unlike time-varying (electromagnetic) flelds, are not associated with induced electric currents except during activation and deactivation or when there is movement within the fleld. Our interest has been primarily on moderate intensity flelds, those with strengths of 1mT to 1T. Many of the initial reports on the bioefiects of these flelds were phenomenological descriptions without attempts to identify a mechanism of action (1{5). The present report describes the development of a hypothesis su-cient to explain the action of moderate SMFs on biological systems. This proposed mechanism involves the efiect of SMFs on the molecular structure of excitable membranes, an efiect su-cient to modify the function of imbedded ion-speciflc channels. This hypothesis would explain virtually all of the bioefiects attributed to these flelds and is testable using several difierent neurophysiological techniques. 2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
Treatment of chronic hepatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Viral hepatitis is the major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. An estimated 300 million people are carriers of the hepatitis B virus, and 120 million are infected with hepatitis C. Untreated, these infections may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatoma. Public health measures to limit new infection, including immunisation against hepatitis B and screening of blood products for hepatitis B and C viruses, have now been implemented in most developed countries and are being implemented in many developing counties.

This review focuses on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C, which has undergone dramatic improvement in the past few years.

#### Summary points

Lamivudine is a safe effective antiviral drug for treating chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Lamivudine is most effective in patients with substantially elevated transaminase concentrations and those with advanced cirrhosis

Lamivudine treatment is hampered by the frequent development of resistance; in the near future combinations of antiviral agents may become standard treatment

Ribavirin in combination with interferon is effective for selected patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Overall, about 30-40% of all patients can expect to be cured by this treatment, and in selected subgroups of patients cure rates of 80-90% can be achieved

Treatment with interferon alfa (as part of combination therapy) reduces the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and may partially reverse hepatic fibrosis

The information used in the preparation of this article was based on a Medline search to identify key papers in addition to searching abstracts from the meetings of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease and European Association for the Study of the Liver between 1997 and 2001. Search terms included hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, treatment, lamivudine, tribavirin (ribavirin), interferon, pegylated interferon, and combination therapy.

Of the world's 300 million people with chronic hepatitis B, most …
The Effect of Arm Supports on Muscle Activity, Posture, and Discomfort in the Neck and Shoulder in Microscopic Dentistry: Results of a Pilot Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS When arm supports are provided during endodontic work, the use of the arm supports reduces static and median neck/shoulder muscle activity but does not seem to affect peak muscle activity. In addition, providing arm supports reduces the time working with unsupported upper arm angles <60°, but does not affect the time working unsupported with upper arm angles >60°. These results illustrate that in dentistry work in general, and in endodontic work specifically, dentists should be encouraged not only to optimize but also use their work environment to effectively reduce their workload.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Endodontic dentists treat dental nerves and tissues by performing precision tasks using a microscope. Their work is associated with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the availability and use of arm supports on neck and shoulder load during endodontic work. Methods: A group of 11 endodontists performed an endodontic task under three arm support conditions: (1) using flexible arm supports; (2) using fixed arm supports; and (3) without arm supports. Surface electromyography, posture, and self-reported discomfort in the neck and shoulders were assessed as outcome measures. Results: Use of arm supports reduced static and median neck/shoulder muscle activity, but did not affect peak muscle activity. The presence of arm supports reduced the relative time working unsupported with upper arm angles <60°, but did not affect the time working unsupported with upper arm angles >60° or self-reported discomfort. Conclusions: When arm supports are provided during endodontic work, their use decreases neck/shoulder muscle activity and reduces the time working with non-neutral postures of the upper extremities. However, the clinical relevance of these findings needs to be evaluated in longitudinal field studies.
Porosity enhancement of biochar derived from rubber sawdust using steam injection at low temperature

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biochar is extremely interesting for energy and environment applications such assoil amender, sorbent materials and biofuels. In this study, rubber sawdust (RS) was prepared through the pyrolysis at 400 and 600°C with low and high heating rate (7 and 20°C/min) for 60 minutes.The pyrolytic parameters have a strong influence on biochar properties. Biochar yield was decreased from 33.1 to 22.6 wt% due to increasing of pyrolytic temperature. The higest BET surface area of biochar previous enhanced porosity was found about 410 m2/g at 600°C with 20°C/min of heating rate with particle size 0.3-1 mm. Afterwards, biochar porosity was enhanced through the steam injection process. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of biochar product (i.e. surface morphology, BET surface area, and N2adsorption isotherm) will be characterized. (Texte intégral)
Toward a Typology of Manufacturing Flows

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

IT IS clear that large-scale manufacturing plants with identical producing functions but different relative locations within a region or country will have different flow (volume and length) characteristics. Likewise, it is clear that large-scale manufacturing plants with dissimilar producing functions but coincident or near-coincident relative locations will have disparate flow characteristics. However, although access to markets and other factors have been recognized as influencing the volume and length of manufacturing commodity flows associated with particular places and industries, no attempt has been made to interpret such phenomena within a general theoretical framework.
A New Access Site Management Tool: The Angio-Seal™ Hemostatic Puncture Closure Device

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Given the increasing number of percutaneously applied endovascular therapies, the incidence of access-related vascular complications can be expected to rise, particularly in association with those techniques requiring large sheaths or anticoagulation. The need exists for a safe, easy to use, and effective hemostatic technique to replace the labor-intensive method of manual compression. Methods: A bioabsorbable, sheath-delivered vascular closure device (Angio-Seal™) has been developed that deposits a small collagen plug within the arterial wall to mechanically seal the puncture defect. An anchor connected by suture to the plug is first deployed in the arterial lumen and pulled flush against the interior arterial wall to guard against intraluminal deposition of the collagen. Results: The Angio-Seal device was deployed successfully in 80 (96%) of 83 attempts involving common femoral arteries accessed for peripheral angioplasty (n = 30), coronary angiography (n = 30), and coronary angioplasty (n = 16). Three popliteal artery access sites and one femoropopliteal bypass graft were also treated. Hemostasis was immediate in 78 cases (98%); 2 sites required a 5-minute manual compression to effect a secure seal. Three devices failed to deploy, and manual pressure was used to close the puncture. Nondeployment did not cause any sequelae, and no complications were encountered with the technique. Conclusions: This novel vascular closure device is quick (< 1 minute application time) and simple to use, providing a positive seal of common femoral artery puncture sites for both peripheral and coronary interventions. It appears to be a reliable alternative to standard manual hemostasis.
Prostate carcinoma and long term survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The long term survival of patients with prostate carcinoma is not well understood. The objective of the current study was to investigate the temporal trend of prostate carcinoma mortality in patients who survived ≥ 10 years after diagnosis. METHODS Men with prostate carcinoma diagnosed from 1958 through 1983 in the Stockholm/Gotland region in Sweden and who survived ≥ 10 years after the diagnosis were investigated regarding survival beyond 10 years. The expected survival was calculated from an annually selected age and time-matched cohort of men from the general population in the same geographic region. The relative survival was expressed as the annual quotient of the observed survival over the expected survival. RESULTS The authors identified 1896 patients who had survived ≥ 10 years. The relative survival decreased up to approximately 18 years after the diagnosis, whereupon it reached a plateau that was constant up to 30 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Men with prostate carcinoma surviving ≥ 10 years have an excess mortality compared with age-matched controls. This excess mortality ceases 20 to 23 years after diagnosis and the observed and the expected survival are similar, indicating few, if any, deaths from prostate carcinoma from there on. Cancer 1997; 80:748-52. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Development of Cold Chain Medication Package Design Applied to Service Design Process - Focusing on Southeast Asia for Developing Countries -

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

글로벌 의약품 시장의 투자와 규모는 계속 커지고 있으나 의약품 수송은 국내를 포함해 대부분 해외 대형 물류회사가 점유하는 상황이며, 국내 의약품 배송시장 규모는 2012년 609억에서 2015년 3,500억으로 크게 성장하였다. 제약업의 성장에 따라 물류 서비스의 필요성은 인구증가와 건강에 대한 관심증가 의약품에 대한 접근성 향상과 경제발전에 따른 건강에 대한 지출 증가의 요인으로 보고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 의약품 물류 시장은 TNT, DHL등 글로벌 특송기업이 주도 하고 있고 의약품 수출 물류 시장도 역시 크게 다르지 않다. 최근에 의약품 상온보관으로 인한 의약품의 품질 변화가 발생하고 개별 환자에 대한 의약품 복약 관리 등에 많이 문제점이 발생하고 있어 이러한 의약품 배송물류 시장에 안전하고 경제성 있는 배송서비스 디자인이 필요하다. 의약품 수송에 있어서 경제성 및 안전성을 고려한 디자인의 문제 발견 및 해결방안 제시하고, 더불어 4차 산업 혁명의 핵심인 스마트 물류 산업에 디자인이 중요한 기술혁신 도구로서 가능함을 본 연구에서 제안 하고자 한다. 의약품 배송 시장의 경우에는 더욱 더 고도화된 수준의 IoT기술과 디자인이 융합된 서비스들이 등장할 수 있게 되었다. 최근의 물류시장은 신 유통 물류가 대세를 이루고 있다. 옴니채널(omi-channel)중심의 다양한 비즈니스 모델들이 등장하면서 물류의 방식도 변화하고 있으며, 또한 공산품이나 비식품 중심의 시장이 콜드체인이 필요한 상품군으로 확대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 저개발 동남아의약품 배송 서비스 패키지 시장에 대한 서비스 현황을 조사 분석하고, 기존 시장에 출시된 배송 패키지를 분석하여 디자인 요소를 도출하고, 베트남 현지 의약품 배송 현장을 방문 서비스 디자인 방법론을 활용하여 실제 동남아 현지의 배송시 문제점 및 다양한 이해 관계자들의 니즈를 분석하여 디자인 개발을 진행하였다. 그리고 디자인 결과물로 동남아 저개발국에서 저비용 고효율의 의약품 운반 서비스 시나리오를 기반으로 적용 가능한 IoT 기술을 검토 하여 의약품 배송 패키지 솔루션 을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 디자인이 동남아 현지의 특성에 맞게 상용서비스화여 오염된 백신이나 주사제 사용에 의한 의료사고를 감소시키고, 의료 환경의 질적 개선에 많은 도움이 되었으면 한다. 또한 디자인이 그동안 부족했던 콜드체인 스마트 물류 서비스 시장에 대한 접근하는 디자인 사례를 제공함으로서 스마트 물류서비스 패키지 분야에 관심 있는 많은 디자이너들에게 좋은 가이드가 되고자 한다.
On Your First Day, President Trump, Please Repeal the Immunization of Gun Sellers Act

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this edition of the Emory Corporate Governance and Accountability Review is to suggest what needs to be done during the first few days of President Trump's new administration. The first act should be the repeal of the Protection in Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCA) (2005). In essence this is a ban on suits against corporations that manufacture guns. Gun manufacturers are the experts and need to be brought into the gun safety debate. When at fault, they should be held liable.
The Internalisation of Counterfeit Consumption Behaviour from the Lens of Self-Determination Theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Phenomenology study on counterfeit goods purchase presents unique challenges due to the sensitive issue that requires consumers to disclose their consumption practices. To better understand consumers’ psychological motivation in this counterfeit phenomenon, capturing insight from consumers’ daily consumption experiences delivers further exploration in explaining the tremendous consumer demand. Based on a hermeneutic phenomenology study, this research attempted to examine an exhaustive and contextualised account of 12 consumers’ consumption experiences on purchasing counterfeit branded fashion goods through in-depth interviews. Utilising Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the data were analysed using thematic analysis, and six themes emerged from this study: materialism, conspicuous, social norms, competent consumers, social learning, and self-interest. It validated that the pursuit of extrinsic goals enables consumers to internalise counterfeit consumption, which contributes to consumers’ life happiness and hedonic well-being. The conclusions confirmed that the experiences involved in counterfeit consumption by the consumers were viewed as pleasure maximisation that fulfilled psychological needs and life goals pursuit. This paper contributes wisdom to scholarly, industry, and managerial research as the emerging themes depict the experiences captured by consumers continuously involved in counterfeit consumption practices.
Service quality between internal customers and internal suppliers in an international airline

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade, SERVQUAL has emerged as perhaps the most popular standardized questionnaire to measure service quality. In this study, a conceptual model, INTSERVQUAL, was designed based on the original “Gap Model”, to explore the extent to which the construct service quality plays in an internal marketing setting. The research was conducted in a major international airline. The expectations and perceptions scales have emerged as measures with excellent internal consistency reliabilities. The two scales exhibited adequate validity as separate measures of front-line staff (customer-contact personnel) expectations of support services; and their perceptions of the support staff’s performance. The results indicated that the scales can be successfully used to assess the magnitude of the gap between front-line staff perceptions and expectations.
Born to Be Wild?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the relationships between organizational structure—namely, formalization, centralization, management style, and team solidarity—and the performance of technology start-ups (TSUs) in Israel. Employing a sample of 101 TSUs in Israel, the findings of regression analyses show that formalization, solidarity, and a laissez-faire management style can serve as predictors of TSU performance, controlling for TSU age, size, and industry. The research also reveals that the relationship between the level of formalization and TSU performance is nonlinear, with a negative slope at low and high levels of formalization. The laissez-faire style of management had the strongest positive effect on performance relative to other styles. These results point to dual managerial needs of the young TSU, seeking innovation and autonomy on the one hand, and needing some stable order on the other. The results of this study have the potential for wide generalization to TSUs in other countries and contexts.
The role of male visual and chemical cues on the activation of female courtship behaviour in the sex‐role reversed peacock blenny

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chemical cues during courtship in peacock blenny Salaria pavo did not add significantly to the response of visual stimuli and females did not court when a male was not visible. The results showed that female S. pavo courtship behaviour was elicited exclusively by male visual features and not by a multicomponent signal in different sensory modalities. The time spent by females courting the male and exhibiting the nuptial colouration during visual trials correlated with the size of the male's crest, suggesting a signalling function for this trait. Alternative hypothesis for the function of the putative pheromones released by the male's anal gland are discussed. Evidence that female sexual motivation decreases towards the end of the breeding season is also provided, which should be considered in future mate choice experiments.
Genetics of polynomials over local fields

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $(K,v)$ be a discrete valued field with valuation ring $\oo$, and let $\oo_v$ be the completion of $\oo$ with respect to the $v$-adic topology. In this paper we discuss the advantages of manipulating polynomials in $\oo_v[x]$ in a computer by means of OM representations of prime (monic and irreducible) polynomials. An OM representation supports discrete data characterizing the Okutsu equivalence class of the prime polynomial. These discrete parameters are a kind of DNA sequence common to all individuals in the same Okutsu class, and they contain relevant arithmetic information about the polynomial and the extension of $K_v$ that it determines.
Post-Traumatic Duodenal Rupture at the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes, Mali: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lesions resulting from duodenal involvement are rare. Their diagnosis and management remain difficult because of the topographic location of most of the duodenum in the retroperitoneum. We report a case of isolated duodenal rupture. At the time of the first operation, the duodenal lesion had gone unnoticed. During our management, we discovered a rupture of the lower knee of the second duodenum and we performed a triple anastomosis after the closure of the ends (proximal and distal). The immediate postoperative course was complicated by the death of the patient on the second day of surgery. Duodenal lesions have much mortality which is increased by the delay in diagnosis and management.
Mycorrhizal association and influence on growth of Asian pigeonwings (Clitoria ternatea L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clitoria ternatea L. is an excellent herbal medicinal plant. Arbusular Mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and biomass of three different tested conditions of Clitoria ternatea plant was investigated. Inoculums of indigenous AMF and Trichoderma harzianum was tested greenhouse experiment and compared with natural condition after 60th days of treatment. Percentage of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection, number of resting spores and AM fungi species varies in different land. Among three different conditions, natural conditions showed maximum root colonization (75.89%) than treated one but minimum spore density (358.8/100gsoil). Highest spore density (481.6/100g soil) was found in T. harzianum treated condition followed by indigenous AMF treatment Acaulospora Glomus and Sclerocystis these three genera were found frequently. AMF inoculums and T.harzianum treatments conditions were observed promising biomass data of 60th days after treatment (DAT).When AMF are more colonized to plants then enhanced the biomass productivity.
Characterization of growth and pigment production in <i>B.</i><i>pumilus</i> SF214.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Growth curve of <i>B. pumilus</i> SF214 at 37°C in rich (LB) medium (black symbols) was determined by following over time the optical density of the culture at 600 nm. Pigment production (white symbols) was determined by measuring over time the optical density of 1 ml of cell-free culture supernatant at 410 nm. (B) Growth rate (continuous line) and pigment production (dashed line) of SF214 at different growth temperatures in rich (LB) medium. Pigment production was evaluated by measuring the optical density of 1 ml of cell-free culture supernatant at 410 nm after 24 hours of growth. (C) Absorbance spectrum between 300 and 500 nm of 360 µg of cell extracts of SF214 grown at 25°C in minimal (S7) (black symbol), rich (LB) (gray symbol) and sporulation-inducing (DS) medium.</p>