jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cognitive modeling of musician's perception in concert halls

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In order to investigate the effect of a hall response on music players, we have made various experimental studies up to now. In order to develop this research, one of the most important subjects is to understand the musicians’ perception of the acoustic effects of halls. Musicians generally perceive the acoustic properties of a concert hall by keeping their performing action and by adjusting their playing technique subconsciously. This kind of interactive relationship between musicians and acoustic environment is really important when considering the acoustic values of concert halls for musicians. In this study, musicians’ awareness of concert halls was investigated through interview survey and the cognitive psychological phenomena of musicians were interpreted by applying the “tacit knowing” theory. Then the process to extract the musicians’ perception in experimental studies on concert hall acoustics is discussed.
Revisiting the most often used item in the haematological tool box—The extent of haemodilution in bone marrow aspirates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this issue, a nationwide retrospective Japanese study finds that, in a second opinion setting, one‐third of bone marrow aspirates from patients suspected of myelodysplastic syndromes are heavily haemodiluted. Moreover, in four‐fifths of such cases, the failure to obtain the correct material for diagnosis went undetected by the referring institution. These data are intriguing, but given their special set‐up, caution should be exerted in transposing them to other countries. Commentary on: Ogata et al. Prevalence of massively diluted bone marrow cell samples aspirated from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or suspected MDS: A retrospective analysis of nationwide samples in Japan. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1856‐1861.
Energy in Our Future

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Proto-human creatures emerged upon the earth some two million years ago. For the greater part of their existence they lived much as did the other animals about them; they gathered edible plants and hunted other animals. Their primary need for energy was in the form of food to nourish their bodies and amounted to about \n3000 Calories daily. The controlled use of fire, which greatly extended the variety of foods that could be eaten and the range of human habitation, increased per capita energy consumption to about 8000 Calories per day, corresponding to the heat that would be released by burning a little over 1 kilogram of coal per day or somewhat over 400 kilograms of coal each year. In view of the fact that the earth in its natural state could hardly support more than about ten million food-gatherers (1), the maximum consumption of energy by humans in preagricultural times \nprobably amounted to no more than the equivalent of about four million tons of coal annually.
Hsp90 inhibition suppresses NF-κB transcriptional activation via Sirt-2 in human lung microvascular endothelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ability of anti-heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) drugs to attenuate NF-κB-mediated transcription is the major basis for their anti-inflammatory properties. While the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not clear, they appear to be distinct in human endothelial cells. We now show for the first time that type 2 sirtuin (Sirt-2) histone deacetylase binds human NF-κB target gene promoter and prevents the recruitment of NF-κB proteins and subsequent assembly of RNA polymerase II complex in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Hsp90 inhibitors stabilize the Sirt-2/promoter interaction and impose a “transcriptional block,” which is reversed by either inhibition or downregulation of Sirt-2 protein expression. Furthermore, this process is independent of NF-κB (p65) Lysine 310 deacetylation, suggesting that it is distinct from known Sirt-2-dependent mechanisms. We demonstrate that Sirt-2 is recruited to NF-κB target gene promoter via interaction with core histones. Upon inflammatory challenge, chromatin remodeling and core histone H3 displacement from the promoter region removes Sirt-2 and allows NF-κB/coactivator recruitment essential for RNA Pol II-dependent mRNA induction. This novel mechanism may have important implications in pulmonary inflammation.
ATTACK SURFACE IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS USERS (“TREAT ACTORS”) FOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the modern digital world, where information technology is an integral part of life, cybersecurity issues are becoming increasingly relevant. One of the key aspects of protecting information systems is managing the attack surface, which includes all possible entry points for malicious actors. Forming and managing the attack surface is a complex task that requires constant attention and improvement. Malicious actors (“Threat actors”) play a crucial role in this process. They constantly seek new ways to penetrate systems, using various methods and techniques. These “actors” can vary in their origins and motivations: from cybercriminals seeking financial gain to state actors conducting espionage and sabotage activities. Understanding the types of “malicious actors” and their methods is essential for effective attack surface management. This understanding helps to timely detect and eliminate vulnerabilities, improve system and network configurations, and raise staff awareness of modern cyber threats. This article examines the key aspects of forming the attack surface, focusing on the role of “malicious actors”. It explores the types of “malicious actors”, their methods and techniques, and provides practical recommendations for reducing risks and improving the protection of information systems. Additionally, conducting regular security audits and implementing modern protection technologies such as intrusion detection systems, data encryption, and multi-factor authentication are important. Thus, a comprehensive approach to managing the attack surface, which includes understanding “Threat actors”, utilizing modern protection technologies, and continuously training personnel, is crucial for effectively protecting the information systems of critical infrastructure.
Sedative polypharmacy mediates the effect of mechanical ventilation on delirium in critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Polypharmacy of sedatives (PP) is a potentially modifiable, iatrogenic risk factor for ICU delirium. The extent to which sedative PP influenced development of high rates of delirium among critically ill COVID‐19 patients is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that PP, defined as the use of four or more classes of intravenous agents, is a mediator in the causal pathway of mechanical ventilation and delirium. Methods Retrospective cohort study of adults admitted with a primary diagnosis of RT‐PCR+ for SARS‐CoV2 to ICUs of a tertiary‐level academic medical center between February 2020 and April 2021. Mediation analysis was conducted with bootstrap estimation to assess whether an association between mechanical ventilation and delirium was mediated by PP. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders related to mechanical ventilation, mediator, and outcome, including age, gender, vasopressor use, median RASS scores, SOFA score within 24 h of admission, and maximum CRP levels. Results A total of 212 patients were included in the analysis. Of total patients, 72.6%(154/212) of patients had delirium (CAM‐ICU+) during ICU stay. 54.7%(116/212) patients received PP. Mechanical ventilation (OR 3.81 [1.16–12.52]) and PP (OR 7.38 [2.4–22.68]) were identified as risk factors for development of ICU delirium after adjusting for prespecified confounders. PP acts as a mediator in the causal pathway between mechanical ventilation and delirium. 39% (95% CI: 17%–94%) of the effect of mechanical ventilation on delirium was mediated through PP. Conclusion PP mediates approximately 39% of the effect of mechanical ventilation on delirium, which is clinically and statistically significant. Studies should assess whether mitigating PP could lead to reduction in ICU delirium. Implication Statement PP of sedatives (defined as use of four or more intravenous agents) mediates approximately 39% of the effect of mechanical ventilation on development of ICU delirium. Avoidance of sedative PP may represent a viable strategy for reduction of ICU delirium.
Calibration of the Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Instrument (GMI) Based on a Digital Calibration Field Network

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Instrument (GMI), carried by Gaofen 5 (GF5-01), and the Hyperspectral Observation Satellite (GF5-02) were successfully launched on 9 May 2018, and September 7, 2021, respectively, and are the only passive greenhouse gas payloads in China that can regularly obtain effective detection data in-orbit at this stage. Before launch, the research team carried out much laboratory calibration work and designed an on-board calibration system based on solar radiation sources which guarantees the quantitative accuracy of the payload data to the greatest extent. In order to more effectively meet the high frequency calibration requirements over the whole life cycle of the payload, the research team carried out research using the on-track site calibration method based on digital calibration field network technology, and the obtained calibration coefficient effectively complements the laboratory and on-board calibration results. The working principle of the GMI is quite different from that of a traditional imaging payload. Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is used to detect the absorption spectrum of greenhouse gases, has a large field of view and is non-imaging and hyperspectral. The existing fixed-site alternative calibration methods cannot fully meet the requirements of calibration tasks. In this paper, we propose a set of global digital calibration radiation field screening criteria that can meet the characteristics of the GMI and design a method to calculate the site calibration coefficients of non-absorption spectral channels according to the characteristics of hyperspectral data. Based on the historical observation data of the GMI, the initial calibration calculation of the payload launch was carried out, and the calibration results of four spectral channels of the GMI were obtained: The calibration coefficient range of the O2 channel is 1.05–1.15, the mean value is 1.10 and the standard deviation is 2.72%; the calibration coefficient of the CO2-1 channel is 1.05–1.13, the mean value is 1.09 and the standard deviation is 2.64%; the calibration coefficient of the CH4 channel is 1.08–1.10, the mean value is 1.11 and the standard deviation is 2.73%; the calibration coefficient of the CO2-2 channel is 1.09–1.14, the mean value is 1.12 and the standard deviation is 2.93%. The above results show that the radiation performance of each channel of the GMI shows no significant attenuation during this period, that the site calibration coefficient has no significant fluctuation and that the in-orbit operation state is stable.
Acoustic Scene Classification Using Joint Time-Frequency Image-Based Feature Representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The classification of acoustic scenes is important in emerging applications such as automatic audio surveillance, machine listening and multimedia content analysis. In this paper, we present an approach for acoustic scene classification by using joint time-frequency image-based feature representations. In acoustic scene classification, joint time-frequency representation (TFR) is shown to better represent important information across a wide range of low and middle frequencies in the audio signal. The audio signal is converted to Constant-Q Transform (CQT) and Mel-spectrum TFRs and local binary patterns (LBP) are used to extract the features from these TFRs. To ensure localized spectral information is not lost, the TFRs are divided into a number of zones. Then, we perform score level fusion to further improve the classification performance accuracy. Our technique achieves a competitive performance with a classification accuracy of 83.4% on the DCASE 2016 development dataset compared to the existing current state of the art.
The MSU Sprinkling Infiltrometer: A Device to Measure Time-to-Ponding

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Time-to-ponding can be determined quickly and with minimal disturbance to the soil surface by the use of a sprinking infiltrometer developed at Michigan State University (MSU). Solenoid valves controlling each of six nozzles mounted on a horizontal boom approximately 1 m above the ground surface are used to produce constant but selectable water application rates ranging from about 10 to 75 mm/h. Each nozzle delivers water over a 1 m diameter site with a coefficient of uniformity greater than 85%. Water is applied until surface ponding covering an area approximately 25 mm in diameter is observed. Log-log regression analysis is used to model the time-to-ponding (infiltration) curve from which the predicted application rates that would just result in ponding after 60 minutes of irrigation are predicted for various tillage, soil, and machine traffic conditions.
Mathematical practices of teachers in technology-enhanced classrooms: A case of teaching slope concept

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While it is obvious that teachers need to have mathematical knowledge under different domains, few studies put forward teaching practices associating them with teacher moves in the background of the mathematical knowledge used in teaching in a technology enhanced classroom environment. Moreover, characterizing those practices can show a practical understanding of the knowledge for its usefulness in teaching in which tools and dynamic technologies are deemed necessary. In this study, we examined the characteristics of teachers’ mathematical practices in a classroom teaching where the students engaged in a sequence of GeoGebra-integrated tasks designed to support students’ conceptualizations of slope of an object. The results suggest teacher moves for the GeoGebra-integrated tasks for conceptualization and suggestions for teaching practices from pedagogical perspectives.
Deterioration of mechanically ventilated patients in the presence of intra-abdominal hypertension

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background and objective: Elevated pressure within the cavity of the abdomen is a serious complication that can threat the life of critically ill patients. Thus, there is an intense need to highlight the outcomes of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) that can face critical care nurses. This work aimed to explore the deterioration of mechanical ventilated patients in the presence of IAH.Methods: Design: A non-randomized prospective study. Procedures: This trial was implemented in trauma and general intensive care in the period between December 2015 and August 2016. The pressure within the abdomen was measured for each patient, three times with 8-hr interval, at the third day of mechanical ventilator (MV). Sepsis-related organ failure assessment score was measured for all patients at first day of admission. All patients who had normal intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) or developed IAH were observed, monitored and evaluated for the clinical outcomes until discharged. Results: Of the 60 MV patients, 83.3% developed IAH. Higher mean of MV and stay period among patients with increased pressure within the abdomen (14.04 ± 10.30 and 16.30 ± 9.36) than normotensive patients (6.90 ± 2.80 and 11.000 ± 3.77) with significant difference (p = .001). Non-survivor had a significantly higher mean IAP than survivor (23.266 ± 2.37 vs. 7.91 ± 3.17) (p value < .001).Conclusions: The occurrence of IAH complicated 83.3% of mechanical ventilated clients in the study period: like longer stay and use of ventilator, and high mortality rate.
Multifrequency observations of a remarkable solar radio burst

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (39) References (30) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Multifrequency Observations of a Remarkable Solar Radio Burst White, S. M. ; Kundu, M. R. ; Bastian, T. S. ; Gary, D. E. ; Hurford, G. J. ; Kucera, T. ; Bieging, J. H. Abstract Observations of an impulsive solar-radio burst from three observatories are presented. The striking observational aspects of this flare are that the time profile was identical throughout at 8.6, 15, and 86 GHz, that the spectrum was apparently flat from 15 to 86 GHz, and that there was a sharp cutoff in the spectrum between 5.0 and 8.6 GHz. The simplest interpretation of the cutoff, namely as a plasma frequency effect, leads to the conclusion that there was exceptionally high-density material in the solar corona (of about 5 x 10 exp 11/cu cm). Very Large Array images at 15 GHz show a single-loop structure which brightened uniformly and showed little change in size during the whole impulsive phase. The flat spectrum is consistent with optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung emission, but the lack of observed soft X-ray emission and other properties of the flare cannot easily be accommodated by this mechanism. The possibility is explored that the emission is optically thick due to thermal absorption of nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission, or optically thin gyrosynchrotron emission absorbed by high-density material intervening along the line of sight. Both of these explanations also face difficulties. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: January 1992 DOI: 10.1086/170907 Bibcode: 1992ApJ...384..656W Keywords: Cyclotron Radiation; Radio Spectra; Solar Flares; Solar Radio Bursts; Synchrotron Radiation; Bremsstrahlung; Radio Astronomy; Radio Interferometers; Solar Spectra; Very Large Array (Vla); Solar Physics; SUN: FLARES; SUN: RADIO RADIATION; RADIATION MECHANISMS: CYCLOTRON AND SYNCHROTRON full text sources ADS |
Interleukin-1beta inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor current in cultured hippocampal neurons.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), a polypeptide immune mediator, is induced within the central nervous system in response to a variety of pathological stimuli, including systemic infection, hypoxia, brain trauma, and seizure. IL-1beta action on the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor was investigated in whole cell patch-clamped cultured hippocampal neurons. Application of IL-1beta at concentrations encountered in pathophysiological conditions (1-10 ng/ml; 59-590 pM) irreversibly decreased the peak magnitude of current elicited by 30 microM GABA. Current inhibition was IL-1beta concentration- and time-dependent and was prevented by a specific IL-1beta type I receptor antagonist. No significant changes in current kinetics or reversal potential were observed. The IL-1beta depression of GABA current was inhibited by high concentrations of nonspecific kinase inhibitors staurosporine (500 nM) and 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7; 50 microM), but not by a protein kinase C selective inhibitor calphostin C (5 microM). We conclude that IL-1beta inhibits GABA(A) receptor function in hippocampal neurons by the involvement of an unidentified kinase. This blockade of the GABA(A) inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor may underlie the central nervous system hyperexcitability seen in many pathophysiological conditions.
Determination of petroselinic acid by microreactor chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The microreactor‐ozonolysis technique was applied to the quantitative determination of the relative amounts of petroselinic and oleic acids in seven Umbelliferae seed oils. The operation was easy and rapid. Results were excellent when the method was tested on ester mixtures of known composition. When used on esters prepared from Umbelliferae seed oils, the method gave results comparable with those found by another procedure, also described, which combined thin‐layer chromatography with either gas‐liquid chromatography or ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Embedding Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in a Transformational Development Framework: Lessons Learned from the MDG Targets and Indicators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the intended and unintended consequences of the selection of MDG 5 as a global goal, together with its respective targets and indicators, and places what happened to MDG 5, and sexual and reproductive health and rights more broadly, into the context of the development model that was encoded in the MDGs. Over the last decade, as the MDGs increasingly took centre stage in development and their use evolved, they were inappropriately converted from global goals into national planning targets. This conversion was particularly detrimental in the case of MDG 5. It not only created a narrowing in terms of policies and programming, but also had an enormous impact on the discourse of development itself, reshaping the field in terms of the organization and dissemination of knowledge, and underscoring that the process of setting targets and indicators is far from neutral but encodes normative values. Looking forward, it is not adequate to propose an MDG framework based on the same structure. Sexual and reproductive health and rights must be placed back into the global discourse, using development to empower women and marginalized populations, and to address structural inequalities that are fundamental to sustained social change. The new development framework should include a strong narrative of social transformation in which fit-for-purpose targets and indicators play a role, but do not overtake or restrict the broader aims of advancing social, political, and gender justice.
The redoubtable Nofinishi Dywili, uhadi master and Xhosa song leader

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nofinishi Dywili led a normal life as a resident of a remote Xhosa village. However, her musical skill and knowledge of traditional lore, especially regarding the traditional education of young women, gave her leadership roles in the village, both as a music leader and as a teacher of young women. Looking for players of the uhadi musical bow, the author discovered her in 1980, and thereafter recorded her and worked with her until her death in 2002, bringing her to the attention of musicologists and students. The article briefly covers her early life and background, her rise to fame in South Africa, as well as her achievement of an international reputation. The roots of her special genius are investigated by examining her bow playing, and especially her use of highly sophisticated rhythm. The method of playing the uhadi is discussed, as are the writings of other authors on the topic. Transcription examples of Nofinishi’s uhadi songs are included in the discussion, to illustrate her playing and rhythm techniques. Looking at the texts of her songs, the article then gives a glimpse into her deep knowledge of traditional lore. Brief comparisons are made with other players of the same instrument.