jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inflammatory skin diseases are the most common problem in dermatology. The induction of skin inflammation by environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and TiO2/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated previously. Recent studies have indicated that the inflammasome is often wrongly activated by these environmental irritants, thus inducing massive inflammation and resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of the inflammasome with respect to skin inflammation is complex and is still not completely understood. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that is associated with the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, plays a key role in inflammasome inactivation. As a housekeeping pathway, cells utilize autophagy to maintain the homeostasis of the organ structure and function when exposed to environmental stressors. However, only a few studies have examined the effect of autophagy and/or the inflammasome on skin pathogenesis. Here we review recent findings regarding the involvement of autophagy and inflammasome activation during skin inflammation. We posit that autophagy induction is a novel mechanism inter-modulating environmental stressor-induced skin inflammation. We also attempt to highlight the role of the inflammasome and the possible underlying mechanisms and pathways reflecting the pathogenesis of skin inflammation induced by UVR, Cr(VI) and TiO2/ZnO/Ag NPs. A more profound understanding about the crosstalk between autophagy and the inflammasome will contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies against human skin disease.
PLWAP sequential mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

PLWAP algorithm uses a preorder linked, position coded version of WAP tree and eliminates the need to recursively re-construct intermediate WAP trees during sequential mining as done by WAP tree technique. PLWAP produces significant reduction in response time achieved by the WAP algorithm and provides a position code mechanism for remembering the stored database, thus, eliminating the need to re-scan the original database as would be necessary for applications like those incrementally maintaining mined frequent patterns, performing stream or dynamic mining. This paper presents open source code for both the PLWAP and WAP algorithms describing our implementations and experimental performance analysis of these two algorithms on synthetic data generated with IBM quest data generator. An implementation of the Apriori-like GSP sequential mining algorithm is also discussed and submitted. A web log pre-processor for producing real input to the algorithms is made available too. Copyright 2005 ACM.
Integrated Navigation Based on Robust Estimation Outputs of Multi-sensor Measurements and Adaptive Weights of Dynamic Model Information

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An integrated navigation based on the kinematic or dynamic state model and the raw measurements has the advantages of high redundancy, high reliability, as well as high ability of fault tolerance and simplicity in calculation. In order to control the influences of measurements outliers and the kinematic model errors on the integrated navigation results, a robust estimation method and an adaptive data fusion method are applied. An integrated navigation example using simulated data is performed and analyzed.
NSNCR: A Non-Source Non-Certain Routing strategy for ad hoc networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to suit high mobility and limited resources of ad hoc networks, a new hybrid routing strategy named Non-Source Non-Certain Routing (NSNCR) is proposed. This paper designs a multi-path judgment method for handling request message in route discovery process. A next hop selecting mechanism used for forwarding packets is proposed, and the mechanism is based on series of collective concepts like forward-list and neighbor table. NSNCR could provide increased stability and reliability of routes for its flexible choice of uncertain route, instead of the fixed route in traditional protocols. Moreover, the strategy can decrease the network congestion and balance the network energy since next hop selecting mechanism takes current surroundings like node degree, congestion, energy, relative mobility into consideration. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance comparison of NSNCR with Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) using ns-2 network simulator. The results show that NSNCR is efficient to decrease the drop packet ratio and average end-to-end delay under high load and mobility conditions.
LES CARCINOMES METAPLASIQUES DU SEIN : CARACTERISTIQUES ET PRISE EN CHARGE : A PROPOS D’UNE SERIE DE 23 CAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological aspects of metaplastic breast cancer, their tumor characteristics and clarify their evolutionary profile. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 23 cases of breast cancer followed the Joliot-Curie Institute in Dakar during the period 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2011. Results: metaplastic breast cancers were 1.83% of breast cancers observed in the Joliot Curie Institute in Dakar, with a mean age at diagnosis of 42.30 years. The notion of family history of breast cancer was found in 06 patients (26.08%). The mean clinical tumor size was 9.52 cm with a large majority of T3-T4 tumors (69.56%). Staging found 3 patients in stages I and II (13.3%), 9 patients with stage III (39,13%) and 10 patients with stage IV (43.47%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 12 patients or 52.17%. Seventeen patients had received surgery; it was radical surgery in 73.91% of cases. Seven of the operated patients had received adjuvant chemotherapy. Six operated patients (26.08%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. The local recurrence rate in our study was 4.34% with an average of 8.75 months. Three patients had presented metachronous metastases (25%) of the study population. Five patients (21.73%) were alive, 16 patients (69.56%) had died and 2 patients (8.69%) were lost to follow up. Conclusion: A new molecular approach would better codify traditional systemic therapies. Keywords: metaplastic carcinoma - breast - epidemiology - treatment.
Profiling microorganisms in whole saliva of children with and without dental caries

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Dental caries is a highly prevalent infectious disease that causes tooth decay. While no single bacterial species is causative of dental caries, the role of the oral microbiome in oral health and caries is gaining interest. The purpose of this study is to compare the major species present in whole saliva samples from caries‐free and caries‐active children using the IBIS Universal Biosensor. Material and Methods The abundant microbial species in ninety‐five whole saliva samples from caries‐free and caries‐active subjects were characterized using the IBIS Universal Biosensor. Results Twenty‐four genera and sixty‐five species were detected. Candida and Streptococcus were common across samples, and often the dominant genus. While we did not observe a strong association between the most abundant species and oral health, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Rothia mucilaginosa were enriched in children with active caries; while, Staphylococcus epidermidis was enriched in caries‐free children. Conclusions These study trends observed suggest that microbial markers in saliva may serve as predictors of oral health and thus aid in diagnosis and treatments for prevention of caries. Consistent with competitive interactions, we also observed negative associations between Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococcal species, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, Candida and Neisseria , and Saccharomyces and Streptococcus .
[Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis: development and evaluation of a test system for epidemiological studies in the dog].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a serological test system for extended epidemiological investigations to which extend dogs were exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi. For this purpose, 121 samples of dogs which were suspect of an infection and submitted to the laboratory for serological testing, were investigated in an immunofluorescence test (IFT) and to different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Valuation of the ELISA systems was assessed in relation to the IFT. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated for negative, positive and also borderline values. In the screening test all samples with a positive titre in IFT were judged positive. Samples negative in IFT showed negative results in the screening in only 86%. All samples positive in screening or of borderline value in IFT were again tested using a confirmatory ELISA. By this procedure a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85% was calculated for samples with positive or negative IFT titres, respectively. Samples with IFT borderline titres (1:64 or 1:128) were judged negative in this ELISA in 80% and borderline in 16%. Checking of selected samples in an immunodot test confirmed the ELISA results. Sera being negative in ELISA showed also no specific reaction in this test. When considering the possibility of false positive reactions in IFT, rather high percentages of sensitivity and specificity could be found. Because all real positive samples could be detected using the confirmatory ELISA as a single test, there is no further need in epidemiological investigations to use the screening test. For specific problems the Western blot can be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Problems and prospects of investigating monocyte subsets during the development of inflammation-associated diseases.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In this review, we present information about a heterogeneity of monocyte subsets based on their unique functional and phenotypic properties. Here we also discuss the search of an optimal technique for the isolation of monocyte subsets as well as the origin of monocyte subsets and their role in inflammation.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory for Patient Caregivers in Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Questionnaires are useful tools for clinicians. This study aimed to translate the Dizziness Handicap Inventory for Patient Caregivers (DHI-PC) into Persian (DHI-PC-P) and assess its psychometric properties for children aged 5–12 years. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical psychometrics study. After obtaining permission from the developers of the DHI-PC, translation into Persian and cross-cultural adaptation were done according to the international guidelines for self-assessment tools recommended by the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons. Participants were 21 parents (mean age: 38.05 years, SD=6.1 years, 18 female) and their children with dizziness (mean age 8.69 years, SD=2.41 years, 9 female) between the ages of 5–12 years old. Face validity, content validity, and test-retest reliability at an interval of 14–21 days were evaluated for the DHI-PC-P. Results: The face validity was confirmed qualitatively by the experts’ opinions and quantitatively by calculating the item impact score. Content validity was confirmed by calculating the content validity index and the content validity ratio (0.97 and 0.86, respectively). The internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s alpha=0.90). For the test- retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained 0.94, indicating an excellent reliability. Conclusion: The DHI-PC-P can be used clinically as a valid and reliable tool for children with dizziness aged 5–12 years. Keywords: Questionnaire; dizziness handicap inventory; validity; reliability; vertigo; children
25 Exploring cultural safety and ethical space in understanding health care access among Maasai in Northern Tanzania

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The history of the Maasai, a pastoralist tribe in Northern Tanzania, in the last century has led to marginalization, cultural discrimination and political subjugation. Such tension and resentment make delivery of health care increasingly challenging. Structural drivers of disease have both increased marginalized populations' risk of disease and response to health policies and programs. Cultural safety and ethical space provide a lens into social, political and historical influences on access to care. Considering an unequal distribution of resources and power, these frameworks help understand the realities of historically marginalized populations such as the Maasai, and responses to health services. This study, situated in a larger ethnographic study conducted September 2016 to December 2017 in Maasai communities in Northern Tanzania, examined health care access through cultural safety and ethical space. We used participant observations in various health care settings and interviews to form the basis of the data analysed. Thematic analysis was used to understand barriers and facilitators to health care access. Despite trust in biomedicine, Maasai have a strong desire for health services with particular characteristics. Quality of care, including facilities and diagnostics available and utilized was important. A sense of fairness was a determinant in respecting services including 'first come first serve' system and transparency when unable to treat a condition. Trust in health services was also influenced by personal interactions with health workers including provision of health information provided to patients and instances of being mistreated. These findings offer an understanding of ways in which spaces of health care can be more approachable, and trusted by Maasai. Incorporating cultural safety and ethical spaces to understand health care access can help to reduce the power imbalance possibly resulting from a history of marginalization.
Coordinated Optimization of Multi-Type Peak Shaving Resources Considering Carbon Budget Constraints

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", mainly due to the rapid growth of new energy installed capacity, the overall supply and demand of power system peak regulation has shown a trend of tightening year by year. After the "dual carbon" goal was put forward, "hard" requirements were put forward for the development of new energy sources mainly based on wind power and photovoltaics. The scale growth of new energy sources was further accelerated. Carry out research on the optimal allocation of medium and long-term peak shaving resources in the power system that adapts to the "dual carbon" goal. In this paper, carbon budget constraints are introduced to carry out research on the collaborative optimization of new energy development scale and multi-type peak shaving resource allocation to meet the "dual carbon" goal. Considering that the carbon budget is allocated and assessed in the unit of province (city), this paper takes the provincial power grid as the research object, and is based on a two-stage stochastic programming model. system operation process. Numerical example analysis proves the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method and model.
Labor and Political Socialization: Essential Workers and Government Attitudes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The experiences of immigrant workers during the Coronavirus pandemic present an opportunity to improve current understandings of how labor and nativity shape political socialization. As “essential workers,” many women from immigrant communities experienced significant shifts in the demands and context of their paid and unpaid labor. These shifts were repeatedly and explicitly linked to the decisions of elected officials in the media. We examine whether the connection between high salience changes in daily life during the pandemic and the workings of government altered the attitudes of women and men from these communities towards politics and government. This analysis accounts for intersectional differences in socialization and attitude formation by considering how socialization processes may be different due to overlapping processes linked to race, gender, nativity and labor.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MMP-9 AND VEGF EXPRESSION WITH MICROVASCULAR DENSITY IN LUNG CARCINOMA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective]To investigate the relationship of MMP-9 and VEGF expression with angiogenesis in lung carcinoma tissue and its significance.[Methods]The expressions of MMP-9,VEGF and CD34 were detected in 84 lung carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemical method.[Results]The expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF in lung carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in para-cancerous normal lung tissues(P﹤0.01).Small cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma had higher MMP-9 expression than squamous cell carcinoma(P﹤0.01).The expression of MMP-9 was significantly higher in lung carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in lung carcinomas without lymph node metastasis(P﹤0.01),was significantly higher in stage-Ⅲ and-Ⅳ tumors than in stage-Ⅰ and-Ⅱ tumors(P﹤0.05).MVD was significantly higher in lung carcinomas with MMP-9 expression positive than in lung carcinomas with MMP-9 expression negative(P﹤0.01).The expression of VEGF was significantly higher in lung carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in lung carcinomas without lymph node metastasis(P﹤0.05),was significantly higher in stage-Ⅲ and-Ⅳ tumors than in stage-Ⅰ and-Ⅱ tumors(P﹤0.05).MVD was significantly higher in lung carcinomas with VEGF expression positive than in lung carcinomas with VEGF expression negative(P﹤0.01).The expression of MMP-9 positively correlated with that of VEGF in lung carcinomas(P﹤0.05).[Conclusion]MMP-9 and VEGF can improve the neovascularization of lung carcinoma.MMP-9 and VEGF expressions are closely correlated with invasion and metastasis of lung carcinoma.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Polish Education Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) regard voluntary behaviors that go beyond the scope of employee job responsibilities and are beneficial for organizational performance. The issue of OCB is discussed in the literature since 80s of the XX century. However the problem referring to the impact of the organization type, namely private or public, on the scope and frequency of OCB is underresearched. The paper is an attempt to respond this research gap. The purpose of the study presented in the paper is to assess the frequency of OCBs demonstration by employees of educational institutions. In our paper we hypothesize that OCBs are more frequent among employees of the public schools in comparison with employees of private schools that are profit-oriented.
Predicting Skin Sensitization Using 21 st Century Toxicology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an adverse health effect that develops after repeated exposure to skin-sensitizing chemicals and products. To minimize the occurrence of ACD, regulatory authorities require testing using assays such as the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) to identify potential skin sensitizers. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) established an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for skin sensitization initiated by covalent binding to proteins. In an effort to reduce or replace animal use, OECD is also pursuing the development of integrated testing strategies using novel in vitro and in silico approaches. The U.S. Tox21 and ToxCast projects include high-throughput screening (HTS) assays that map to key events in the skin sensitization AOP (e.g., oxidative stress, cytokine expression) from which data on hundreds of potential skin sensitizers have been generated. We built a cross-validated random forest model using ToxCast Phase II data and a balanced training set of 60 chemicals. The model predicted LLNA results with 80% accuracy. The assays with highest variable importance in the random forest model included known AOP targets (e.g., Nrf2, T-cell proliferation) as well as targets outside of the current AOP (e.g., Coll III, PPAR, PXR, ER). Well-characterized AOPs like skin sensitization provide opportunities to use HTS data to develop efficient testing strategies that minimize the use of animals in regulatory testing.
Collaborations, connections & participation : an ethnographic study of dementia research in the UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines the question: How is biomedical research in the field of dementia enacted? I address this question using ethnographic fieldwork, interviews and document analysis conducted between September 2010 and March 2014, which examine the relations involved in the emergence of a national dementia research agenda in the UK. Over the last decade in the UK ‘dementia’ has become characterised as the public health crisis of our time. The sense of crisis around the conditions covered by this umbrella term is exacerbated by a global trend toward increased longevity and acute awareness of the limitations of existing treatments. In 2011 the UK Department of Health, in collaboration with national research organisations, announced the launch of an integrated dementia research strategy. Taking a historical and emergent perspective on research into aging, neurodegenerative diseases and the concept of ‘dementia’, this examination demonstrates how the evolving research initiative marks a shift in the process of co-production which exists between science, policy and publics in the UK.
Using a detailed examination of linguistic and visual material from the perspective of science policy and practice, the thesis demonstrates how shifts in biotechnology make conditions described under the umbrella of ‘dementias’ differently visible. The scientific narratives which accompany this changing visibility, present dementias as a challenging target for social and scientific intervention. In response to this complexity, the research agenda focuses on the relationships and interactions between the multiple stakeholders involved. A rhetoric-based analysis demonstrates how researchers use such collaborations to try and remake the connections between aging, dementia, science and social responsibility. I argue that this process of breaking and remaking such connections is part of persuasive attempt to embed patients, participants and publics in the conduct of clinical research.
This ethnographic description demonstrates how this process of embedded engagement is not without challenge. Researchers feel increasingly exposed to public expectations and frustrations which exist beyond the control of the ‘citadel’ of science (Martin 1998). Thus through cyclical re-workings of narratives of success and failure, hope and possibility, researchers involved in the development of new interventions for dementia diagnosis and treatment attempt to balance the tension between the rhetoric of future potential products and their day-to-day experience of the scientific process. Thus the thesis demonstrates how the development of new interventions is a continual negotiation of uncertainties and anxieties for both researchers and their participants. The thesis contributes to a growing literature on the complexity of biomedical research and knowledge making.