jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Defective expression of TGFβR I gene in non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many malignant tumor cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, are frequently resistant to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-mediated signal transduction. The TGF-β signal is transduced through a pair of transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors named receptor type I and Ⅱ (TGFβR Ⅰand TGFβR Ⅱ). Reduced expression of TGFβR Ⅰ was found in various types of human carcinomas. To investigate whether the TGFβR Ⅰ gene plays a role as a tumor suppressor in the pathogen-esis of NSCLC, we performed the immunohistochemical and molecule structural analyses of TGFβR Ⅰ in tumor and the paired normal tissues from 43 resection specimens. TGFβR Ⅰ expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, and the TGFβR Ⅰ gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP). The results obtained in this study demonstrated loss or reduction of TGFβR Ⅰ expression in 16 (37.2%) of the 43 tumor tissues. However, no somatic mutation other than a polymorphism was identified. The present study suggested that reduced TGFβR Ⅰ expression could contribute to the development of malignant phenotype of NSCLC, even though the genetic mutation of the TGFβR Ⅰ gene is not involved in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC and does not appear to be directly responsible for reduced expression of TGFβR Ⅰ.
The evolution of gerontology and geriatrics in an era of a politics of aging

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The fields of gerontology and geriatrics are facing unprecedented changes, pressures, and opportunities. The 21st century requires that we utilize contemporary approaches to modernizing these disciplines for new populations, new cohorts and new social, economic and political demands. This article draws on the authors professional, academic, and public policy experiences to suggest initiatives and paradigms that can set a road map to both change the last centuries' notions of longevity and social supports to one that accounts for technology, varied cohorts, a public/private sector divide, and the nexus of aging and diversity.
Redesigning the Production Process Using Simulation for Sustainable Development of the Enterprise

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this case study, the medium-sized enterprise is looking for ways to achieve sustainable development. Following the Industry 4.0 trend could get the enterprise closer. The rate of information technology usage is very low in the enterprise. The enterprise’s problem is the long production of orders. The orders had to be rejected many times because the customer’s time limit could not be met. The major cause seems to be two environmentally insufficient and obsolete machines in the blast cleaning operation. These machines are replaced in the production by one new wheel blast machine. However, the production process must be redesigned and the layout changed to use this machine effectively. This redesign is difficult to verify and evaluate in the pilot plant experiment. Simulation is the most suitable tool to do it quickly and relatively easily. The ExtendSim simulation program creates a real production process model and then applies the redesign of this process in the model. The model must be thoroughly verified concerning the real production process to not distort the results. The result of the redesign of the production process is the reduction of the production duration by almost 50% and elimination of two environmentally insufficient and obsolete machines. Improved machine blast cleaning has also significantly reduced the utilization of blast cleaning. Spared capacities can be used for pre-production or otherwise for the profit-making of the enterprise. However, a new bottleneck appeared elsewhere in the production process by removing the previous one. The innovation passed through barriers, and Slovak small and medium enterprises started building sustainable development. The enterprise still must focus on further innovation, and more investment will be needed to achieve the final sustainable development goal.
DRUGS AND BREAST MILK

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A number of drugs should not be given to a mother who is nursing her infants. Some drugs may be noxious to the infant if taken continuously, and although they are not specifically contraindicated, they necessitate close observation of the infants. Yet other drugs and groups of compounds are not harmful to the infant. A discussion of specific drugs in these categories is preceded by a review of the physiology of lactation and some basic pharmacologic principles.
Seasonal Variation of Hordenine and Gramine Concentrations and Their Heritability in Reed Canarygrass1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The antiquality tryptamine alkaloids and their β‐ carboline derivatives in reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L., are under relatively simple genetic control and can be eliminated by breeding. The nontryptamine alkaloids (hordenine and gramine) are more difficult remove because they can only be controlled genetically by lowering their concentrations. The objectives of this study were to determine seasonal variation of hordenine concentration, its heritability, and relationship to gramine concentration in reed canarygrass. Our studies showed high broad sense heritability estimates for hordenine and gramine of first growth and regrowth forage, a statistically significant but low positive correlation between the two alkaloids, and similar seasonal variation in their concentration. Concentration of gramine (7,000 µg/g dry wt) in regrowth forage was 10 times greater than that in first growth; concentration of hordenine (3,200 µg/g dry wt) in regrowth was twice greater than that in first growth (mean of 155 plants). Leaf blades contained higher concentrations of gramine than did leaf sheaths, whereas the converse was true for hordenine. The upper portion of the canopy contained 69% and 48% of mean herbage concentrations of gramine and hordenine, respectively. Improved techniques for extraction and colorimetric determination of the alkaloids are detailed, and the presence of nor ‐gramine is reported.
The 2001 epidemic of foot‐and‐mouth disease in the United Kingdom: epidemiological and meteorological case studies

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The possibility of the airborne spread of foot‐and‐mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the UK has been investigated in three epidemiological case studies. On the basis of evidence from field investigations, and a simple meteorological analysis, it is concluded that the spread of disease was consistent with the airborne transport of virus. The distances ranged from less than 1 km to 16 km; six of the farms were over 6 km from the source and involved the passage of virus over the sea combined with meteorological conditions which strongly favoured airborne disease transmission. The results of detailed atmospheric modelling demonstrated that airborne virus could have challenged livestock on all the farms studied. However, with one exception the 24‐hour average daily concentrations of the virus were significantly below the experimentally estimated threshold for infection. A detailed model intercomparison established that, under stable atmospheric conditions, peak concentrations of virus up to two orders of magnitude higher might have been experienced for short periods, owing to fluctuations within the plume of virus, and model limitations. This finding would significantly reduce the apparent discrepancy between the experimentally estimated threshold for infection and the modelling results.
Mechanical Properties and Strength Analysis of the Ring Chains for Mining Equipment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical properties of the high strength steel-23MnNiMoCr54 were studied in this paper,the load-displacement curve was got by the static tensile test and the true stress-strain curve was calculated based on the data.Simplified symmetric finite element elastic-plastic contact model was built based on nonlinear finite element analysis software ABAQUS.Reasonable stress field of the chain and the percentage elongation of the chain were calculated,which were in good accordance with the test results.The mechanical properties of the chain,the finite element model and results provide useful guidance for the design and test of the chain.
Peridaedala chlorissa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

299. Peridaedala chlorissa (Meyrick, 1912) Acroclita chlorissa Meyrick, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21: 859. TL: India, Assam, Khasi Hills [now in Meghalaya]. Distribution: India (Meghalaya); Sri Lanka. Illustrations: Adult and genitalia (Clarke 1958: 271).
Smap RFI Change Detection

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, launched on January 31, 2015, has completed its primary 3-year mission and is currently in its extended mission. Although operation occurs within the protected frequency allocation of 1400-1427 MHz, the SMAP radiometer is impacted by radio frequency interference (RFI). The radiometer was designed to provide detection and filtering of RFI in order to meet error budget requirements. A time series algorithm was developed to monitor, detect and report the changing environment with the objective of detecting new RFI sources as well as existing persistent sources. The detection of sources are used in RFI reporting to NASA spectrum management with the hope that interfering sources will be turned off by the necessary administrations.
Efficient Top-K Feature Selection Using Coordinate Descent Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Sparse learning based feature selection has been widely investigated in recent years. In this study, we focus on the l2,0-norm based feature selection, which is effective for exact top-k feature selection but challenging to optimize. To solve the general l2,0-norm constrained problems, we novelly develop a parameter-free optimization framework based on the coordinate descend (CD) method, termed CD-LSR. Specifically, we devise a skillful conversion from the original problem to solving one continuous matrix and one discrete selection matrix. Then the nontrivial l2,0-norm constraint can be solved efficiently by solving the selection matrix with CD method. We impose the l2,0-norm on a vanilla least square regression (LSR) model for feature selection and optimize it with CD-LSR. Extensive experiments exhibit the efficiency of CD-LSR, as well as the discrimination ability of l2,0-norm to identify informative features. More importantly, the versatility of CD-LSR facilitates the applications of the l2,0-norm in more sophisticated models. Based on the competitive performance of l2,0-norm on the baseline LSR model, the satisfactory performance of its applications is reasonably expected. The source MATLAB code are available at: https://github.com/solerxl/Code_For_AAAI_2023.
Research of critical displacement method for earthquake-induced landslides

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The cumulative displacement of landslides caused by earthquake consists of two parts: one is the initial displacement of the slope before the earthquake, the other is the displacement generated by the earthquake. The former can be determined by monitoring data or geological macroscopic survey, while the latter can be calculated by the Newmark method, so that we can obtain the cumulative landslide displacement. Combined with the latest critical displacement evolution theory, and comparing the cumulative displacement with the critical displacement, the paper put forward the critical displacement criterion for earthquake-induced landslide, which provide quantitative reference information for the seismic landslide hazard prediction, the localization in the earthquake-hit region, and the reconstruction work after the earthquake, thereby improve our cognition and understanding of the earthquake-induced landslide hazard.
SH0878361.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_02762

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Common name(s): Common bean
Conserved by: Michele Perletti, Italy
Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_02762
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2023-03-13
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: SMTA transfer
On the “Basketball Africa League”: Framing Analysis of the Broadcast Commentary of an African Professional Basketball League

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The inaugural season of the National Basketball Association–supported Basketball Africa League (BAL) featured 12 teams from the African continent, competing in a Champions League-style competition. This brand-new professional endeavor featured player rosters mandated to feature a certain number of players from each of the countries in which the individual teams were based, with rosters also including a small number of foreign players. Proceeding from a Framing Theory paradigm, two coders examined the broadcasts of the BAL competition, analyzing for descriptors including physicality, intelligence, nationality, and experience. Most descriptors pertained to athlete success or failure, with significant findings for most descriptors between nationalities. Ideas for future research are also discussed.
Design and Research on the Application of Flipped Classroom in Business English Teaching in Higher Vocational Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In order to provide real Business English learning context, to greatly improve teaching and learning efficiency, to cultivate student’s autonomous learning ability, research on flipped classroom teaching is made in this paper. Background theories for flipped classroom are briefly discussed. A new flipped classroom teaching model is designed and constructed. Business English Curriculum under the new model is further designed and presented. And the new teaching model is also applied in Business English teaching. To assess the application effect of the new flipped classroom teaching model, a survey is conducted and presented at the end of the probationary period. Questionnaire and interview are applied. The results show that the newly-developed model has many advantages over traditional teaching. The new model reconstructs Business English learning process into three phases; it breaks through the limitations of time and space and allows for individualized learning; the follow-up assessment system provides instantaneous feedback and ensures personalized teaching and learning. Drawbacks and challenges of the new model are also pointed out. E-learning resource is not rich enough to meet the demands of students at different levels. The assessment function is to be improved to reflect students’ learning more exactly and objectively.
Development of a Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) - Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) Assay for the Detection of Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

As a major foodborne pathogen, Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is increasingly rising as a global health concern. Here, we developed an integrated assay that combines loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for DNA detection of S. Enteritidis using specifically designed Raman active Au-nanoprobes. The target DNA was amplified by LAMP and then labeled with Au-nanoprobes comprised of gold nanoparticle-modified with specific cy5/DNA probes to allow the detection by SERS. The sensitivity of the developed LAMP-SERS detection assay (66 CFU/mL) was ~100-fold higher than the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Significantly, this technique allowed highly specific detection of the target DNA of S. Enteritidis and could differentiate it from the DNA of closely related bacterial species or non-specific contamination, making it more accurate and reliable than the standard LAMP technique. The applicability of detection of S. Enteritidis in milk samples using LAMP-SERS assay was validated as well. In sum, the developed LAMP-SERS assay is highly specific and sensitive, and has the potential to be applied for rapid detection of different foodborne pathogens and other microbial contaminants.
Isolation of Ligands of Trace Metals from Plant Samples by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Isolation of ligands of trace elements from plants by affinity chromatography with a metal immobilised on iminodiacetate resin has been investigated. To simulate various types of bioligands the following compounds were tested: phytic acid, peptides containing Cys and peptides containing Asp. Optimal conditions allowing isolation of the peptides with good efficiency comprise the use of Ga3+ ion, sample adsorption at pH = 4 and elution of the compounds by 0.3 mol/l NH3. Phytic acid was bound too tightly and was not eluted. The procedure was used for purification of extracts of rye flour. The purified sample is suitable for analysis by MALDI-MS. Keywords: Affinity chromatographySpeciationTrace elements The financial supports of the Grant Agency of Czech Republic (project no. 525=07=0903) and of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project no. MSM 6046137307) are gratefully acknowledged.
Just what is a genus? Comparing levels of postzygotic isolation to test alternative taxonomic hypotheses in Orchidaceae subtribe Orchidinae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract An exceptionally wide range of systematic data has been accumulated on subtribe Orchidinae, which dominates the European orchid flora. Despite (or perhaps because of) this wealth of information, delimitation of genera within the subtribe continues to prompt extensive debate among taxonomists. Here, we use the controversial genus Orchis s.l. as a case‐study to explore the broader issues that surround the definition and circumscription of genera, and suggest a new approach to selecting among competing formal classifications that focuses on the biological cohesion of the resulting taxa. Levels of postzygotic reproductive isolation, assessed as differential embryo mortality through extensive artificial crosses between species, are compared with three taxonomic treatments: a pre‐cladistic morphological classification permitting polyphyly; a cladistic classification generated by applying monophyly to Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences; and a 'post‐cladistic' classification that aimed to compromise between morphological and molecular differences and permitted paraphyly. The monophyletic cladistic classification is by far the most consistent with levels of postzygotic isolation through embryo mortality. Reproductive isolation, sequence divergence and morphological similarity can all usefully be quantitatively compared with formal classifications, though floral morphology in orchids offers a high risk of rapid co‐evolutionary divergence with pollinator guilds, often generating spurious monospecific 'genera'. Best practice in taxonomy reflects reciprocal illumination between key biological datasets and formal classifications, pursued in a rigorous framework of precise definitions of taxa and well‐founded evolutionary‐phylogenetic concepts.
Imagery, Gender and Power: The Politics of Representation in Post-War Kosova

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article focuses on the politics of representation in Kosova since the United Nations took over ‘peace management’ in 1999. It uses UN propaganda posters (political pedagogy) and local nationalist political advertising as a way to read the multiple gendered discourses of representation. It shows how gender is used relationally between competing forces – the ‘international community’ and nationalists – as a tool to ensure UN's imposition of Western policies and norms and as a mechanism for local politicians to consolidate their domination of the domestic/private sphere. Moreover, it discusses the price paid to mimic the West: how Kosovar politicians have sought to ‘undo’ national identity in favour of a Western self-representation through a gendered abnegation of Islam. Thus, as an intrinsic part of the discourse of ‘peace-building’, these images represent the site of power production, domination, negotiation, and rejection, involving the collaboration of different actors, institutions, and individuals. Three specific points will be made: first, the article seeks to show that a Western political modernization discourse has, paradoxically, reinforced patriarchal relations of power and traditional gender roles in Kosova through the subjugation of women. Second, it explains the inability to resolve competing Albanian narratives – one relying on the legacy of peaceful resistance and the other on the armed struggle against Serbian domination during the 1990s. Third, through the intermeshing of international peace-keepers and local nationalist patriarchs, it will show how the militarization of culture is perpetuated through, and in relationship to, gender.