jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Accuracy of Biparametric MRI/TRUS Fusion-Guided Biopsy for Index Tumor Evaluation using Postoperative Pathology Specimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is widely used for prostate cancer diagnosis, surveillance, and staging; however, it has some limitations, including higher cost, longer examination time, and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of index tumor (IT) assessed preoperatively using biparametric MRI (bpMRI)/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy with radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Methods We included 69 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer through bpMRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy of lesions with Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) category ≥ 3 and underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) at our institution between July 2017 and December 2021. The localization of preoperative and postoperative IT, highest Gleason score (GS), and tumor diameter were examined in these patients. Results The preoperative cT stage matched the postoperative pT stage in 34 cases (48%), while 20 cases (30%) were upstaged, and 15 cases (22%) were downstaged (Weighted Kappa = 0.236). The preoperative and postoperative IT localization were consistent in 59 cases (85.5%). The concordance rate between Gleason groups in targeted biopsy and RP specimens was 48%, with an upgrade in 17 cases (24%) and a downgrade in 29 cases (28%) (Weighted Kappa = 0.424). The IT maximum diameter and maximum cancer core length on biopsy were correlated with RP tumor maximum diameter (p = 0.007, p = 0.008). Conclusion In conclusion, the diagnostic accuracy of bpMRI/TRUS fusion biopsy is comparable to that of previous reports using mpMRI. The findings suggest that bpMRI/TRUS fusion biopsy can be a cost-effective and time-saving alternative.
Biopolymeric Coacervate Microvectors for the Delivery of Functional Proteins to Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The extent to which biologic payloads can be effectively delivered to cells is a limiting factor in the development of new therapies. Limitations arise from the lack of pharmacokinetic stability of biologics in vivo. Encapsulating biologics in a protective delivery vector has the potential to improve delivery profile and enhance performance. Coacervate microdroplets are developed as cell‐mimetic materials with established potential for the stabilization of biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Here, the development of biodegradable coacervate microvectors (comprising synthetically modified amylose polymers) is presented, for the delivery of biologic payloads to cells. Amylose‐based coacervate microdroplets are stable under physiological conditions (e.g., temperature and ionic strength), are noncytotoxic owing to their biopolymeric structure, spontaneously interacted with the cell membrane, and are able to deliver and release proteinaceous payloads beyond the plasma membrane. In particular, myoglobin, an oxygen storage and antioxidant protein, is successfully delivered into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within 24 h. Furthermore, coacervate microvectors are implemented for the delivery of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 growth factor, inducing differentiation of hMSCs into osteoprogenitor cells. This study demonstrates the potential of coacervate microdroplets as delivery microvectors for biomedical research and the development of new therapies.
Anabolic Steroids: Addictive, Psychiatric, and Medical Consequences

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anabolic steroids (ASS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that have both anabolic (tissue building) and androgenic (masculinizing) effects. ASs are increasingly used for the nonmedical purposes of enhancing athletic performance and physical appearance. As illicit AS abuse patterns increase, so do reports of adverse health consequences, including physical and psychological dependence, major mood disorders, psychoses, and violent aggression. Thus, psychiatrists and other addiction professionals increasingly may be seeing AS users in their practices. The authors review laboratory abnormalities as a means of detecting AS abuse and its adverse effects. Most health consequences resulting from ASS appear to be reversible after cessation of use, but life-threatening events have been reported. In the absence of well-controlled, longitudinal studies, neither safety nor catastrophe can be predicted for the chronic abuse of high-dose ASs.
Significance of silicon uptake, transport, and deposition in plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) for plant growth, particularly under stress conditions, and hence a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of its uptake, subsequent transport, and accumulation in different tissues is important. Here, we provide a thorough review of our current knowledge of how plants benefit from Si supplementation. The molecular mechanisms involved in Si transport are discussed and we highlight gaps in our knowledge, particularly with regards to xylem unloading and transport into heavily silicified cells. Silicification of tissues such as sclerenchyma, fibers, storage tissues, the epidermis, and vascular tissues are described. Silicon deposition in different cell types, tissues, and intercellular spaces that affect morphological and physiological properties associated with enhanced plant resilience under various biotic and abiotic stresses are addressed in detail. Most Si-derived benefits are the result of interference in physiological processes, modulation of stress responses, and biochemical interactions. A better understanding of the versatile roles of Si in plants requires more detailed knowledge of the specific mechanisms involved in its deposition in different tissues, at different developmental stages, and under different environmental conditions.
Contesting fundamentalisms : ongoing adaptations to a changing environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper makes a case for an instrumentalist and modernist logic to fundamentalism and argues that the environment frames fundamentalism. Fundamentalism is not new per se, but its form has evolved through time and varies in different contexts. I will show how fundamentalisms work as strategies of adapting to the international system and how they employ various means to ensure their survival in the ongoing "war of fundamentalisms". Religious violence is thus a survival strategy that is used in this war, which is currently being fought between the hegemonic fundamentalism -Western modernity, and the other "peripheral fundamentalisms".
The Experiences of Motor Skill Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Reflected through Parental Responses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Understanding movement development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical for creating effective intervention strategies. This study aims to explore parental perspectives on the movement development of children with ASD, focusing on identifying common challenges and successful strategies. The objective is to analyze the experiences of parents to highlight the most effective approaches to support motor, communication, and social skills development in these children. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with parents of children with ASD. The data were analyzed using open and selective coding to identify key themes related to movement development challenges and strategies. The analysis included cross-referencing with the existing literature to support parental insights. Results: This study identified several key themes, including communication barriers, social interaction difficulties, and the importance of personalized movement programs. Parents reported significant challenges in understanding and addressing their children’s movement needs, particularly in group settings. However, activities such as water programs, music and dance, and animal-assisted therapies were found to be highly engaging. Motivation was a critical factor, with rewards and active parental involvement enhancing participation. Conclusions: This study highlights the crucial role of a supportive environment, including professional guidance and family support, in the success of movement development programs.
Effective Capacity Analysis for Cognitive Networks under 𝐐𝐨𝐒 Satisfaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spectrum sensing and dynamic spectrum access (DSA) techniques in cognitive radio networks (CRN) have been extensively investigated since last decade. Recently, satisfaction of quality-of-service (QoS) demands for secondary users (SU) has attracted great attention. The SU can not only discover the transmission opportunities, but also cognitively adapts the dynamic spectrum access strategies to its own QoS requirement and the environment variations. In this paper, we study how the delay QoS requirement affects the strategy on network performance. We first treat the delay-QoS in interference constrained cognitive radio network by applying the effective capacity concept, focusing on the two dominant DSA schemes: underlay and overlay. We obtain the effective capacity of the secondary network and determine the power allocation policies that maximize the throughput of the cognitive user. The underlay and overlay approaches may have their respective advantages under diverse propagation environment and system parameters. If the cognitive network can dynamically choose the DSA strategy under different environment, its performance could be further improved. We propose a selection criterion to determine whether to use underlay or overlay scheme under the given QoS constraint and the PUs’ spectrum-occupancy probability. Thus, the throughput of the CRN could be increased. Performance analysis and numerical evaluations are provided to demonstrate the effective capacity of CRN based on the underlay and the overlay schemes, taking into consideration the impact of delay QoS requirement and other related parameters.
Synthesis of coumarin sulfonamides and sulfonylurea

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

4-Coumarinsulfonamide 5c and 4-hydroxy-3-coumarinsulfonamide 7b, were prepared from 4hydroxycoumarin 1. Coumarinsulfonamide 5c was served as intermediate for the synthesis of N-(isopropylphenyl)-N-(coumarin-4-sulfonyl)urea 9 and N-(4-bromphenyl-), 8a, N-(1,3,4thiadiazol-2-yl-), 8b, and N-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4-aminocoumarin 8c.
Characteristics of vertebral arteries in patients with stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uvod: Vertebralne arterije cine 30% krvne opskrbe mozga, opskrbljujuci pretežno stražnje dijelove mozga. One cine stražnji dio Willisova arterijskog kruga i odgovorne su za krvnu opskrbu cerebeluma, ponsa, srednjeg uha te gornjih dijelova kralježnicne moždine i njenih ovojnica. S obzirom na cinjenicu da 15% moždanih udara zahvaca stražnje dijelove mozga važno je imati na umu važnost poremecaja koje mogu uzrokovati promjene hemodinamike vertebralnih arterija. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanjaje bio usporediti morfoloske i hemodinamske karakteristike vertebralnih arterija bolesnika s moždanim udarom i usporediti ih s morfoloskim i hemodinamskim karakteristikama bolesnika bez moždanog udara. Ispitivani parametri su: spol, dob, promjer desne vertebralne arterije, promjer lijeve vertebralne arterije, promjer uže vertebralne arterije, ukupni promjer obje vertebralne arterije, promjer hipoplasticne vertebralne arterije, hemodinamika u desnoj i lijevoj vertebralnoj arteriji te otpori u desnoj i lijevoj vertebralnoj arteriji. Ispitanici i postupci: Analizirane su morfoloske i hemodinamske karakteristike 207 bolesnika kojima je tijekom 2002. godine napravljena pretraga vertebralnih arterija obojenim doplerom (CDFI). Mjerenja su vrsena u V2 segmentu vertebralne arterije, najcesce između vratnih kralježaka C6 i C5, upotrebom linearne sonde od 10 mHz na aparatu Aloka Prosound SSD-5500. Kriteriji za uredan CDFI nalaz nad vertebralnim arterijama su: promjer vertebralne arterije od 2~ mm, sistolicke srednje brzine strujanja krvi od 0, 35~, 70 m/s i zadovoljavajuci cirkulatorni otpor u vertebralnim arterijama. Rezultati: U skupini od 207 bolesnika biloje 68 bolesnika s moždanim udarom i 139 bolesnika koji nisu imali moždani udar ; 117 žena i 90 muskaraca. U ispitivanoj skupini od 68 bolesnika s moždanim udarom bilo je 25 žena i 43 muskaraca. U skupini bez moždanog udara bilo je 92 žena i 47 muskaraca. Skupine su pokazale znacajne razlike u dobi bolesnika, bolesnici s moždanim udarom su bili u prosjeku 8 godina stariji od bolesnika bez moždanog udara. Također, bolesnici s moždanim udarom imali su vise otpore u vertebralnim arterijama od bolesnika koji nisu imali moždani udar. Ostali ispitivani parametri nisu pokazali statisticki znacajne razlike. Zakljucak: Bolesnici s moždanim udarom su stariji od bolesnika bez moždanog udara te imaju vise otpore strujanja krvi u vertebralnim arterijama dok hemodinamika pokazuje samo manje razlike u odnosu na spol i prisutnost bolesti. Takoder su uocene neke razlike u ispitivanim parametrima izmedu skupina muskaraca i žena. Ispitivan_je vertebralnih arterija ostaje kljucno u cjelokupnoj procjeni moždane bemodinamike.
Hordeum vulgare L. B 5878

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.
Common name(s): Barley
Other names: CMB79A.1673-C-500B-1Y-1B
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: B 5878
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1982
Other identifiers: n/a,B5878, n/a,GID 1810395, n/a,CID 160098 SID 9
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
CONVERSION OF ANDROGENS INTO OESTROGENS BY HYDATIDIFORM MOLES IN VITRO

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT [1,2- 3 H] and [7α- 3 H] testosterone* and [4- 14 C] androstenedione incubated with hydatidiform mole tissue are converted into oestrone and oestradiol. No conversion into oestriol was observed. The radiometabolites were purified using TLC in different systems and crystallization to a constant specific activity and/or 14 C/ 3 H ratio. Appropriate corrections were made for endogenous production of steroids during the incubation. From time-experiments with [4- 14 C] androstenedione and [7α- 3 H] or [1,2- 3 H] testosterone it appears, that androstenedione is a more effective precursor than testosterone for oestrone and oestradiol. Equilibrium oestrone ⇋ oestradiol is established more rapidly than androstenedione ⇋ testosterone. Conversion of androstenedione into oestrone is more effective than conversion of testosterone into androstenedione. Data are reported in agreement with the hypothesis of a direct pathway from testosterone to oestradiol in the shorter periods of incubation. Determination of the endogenous pools of oestrone, oestradiol, testosterone and androstenedione synthesized during the incubations indicates that oestrone is the most important steroid produced in vitro .
Physical Activity Minimum Threshold Predicting Improved Function in Adults With Lower‐Extremity Symptoms

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To identify an evidence‐based minimum physical activity threshold to predict improved or sustained high function for adults with lower‐extremity joint symptoms. Methods Prospective multisite data from 1,629 adults, age ≥49 years with symptomatic lower‐extremity joint pain/aching/stiffness, participating in the Osteoarthritis Initiative accelerometer monitoring substudy were clinically assessed 2 years apart. Improved/high function in 2‐year gait speed and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were based on improving or remaining in the best (i.e., maintaining high) function quintile compared to baseline status. Optimal thresholds predicting improved/high function were investigated using classification trees for the legacy federal guideline metric requiring 150 minutes/week of moderate‐vigorous (MV) activity in bouts lasting 10 minutes or more (MV‐bout) and other metrics (total MV, sedentary, light intensity activity, nonsedentary minutes/week). Results Optimal thresholds based on total MV minutes/week predicted improved/high function outcomes more strongly than the legacy or other investigated metrics. Meeting the 45 total MV minutes/week threshold had increased relative risk (RR) for improved/high function (gait speed RR 1.8, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.6, 2.1 and PRO physical function RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3, 1.6) compared to less active adults. Thresholds were consistent across sex, body mass index, knee osteoarthritis status, and age. Conclusion These results supported a physical activity minimum threshold of 45 total MV minutes/week to promote improved or sustained high function for adults with lower‐extremity joint symptoms. This evidence‐based threshold is less rigorous than federal guidelines (≥150 MV‐bout minutes/week) and provides an intermediate goal towards the federal guideline for adults with lower‐extremity symptoms.
Aeromicrobium halocynthiae sp. nov., a taurocholic acid-producing bacterium isolated from the marine ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A marine bacterium, strain KME 001 T , was isolated from the siphon tissue of a marine ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi , collected off the coast of Gangneung, Korea. Strain KME 001 T was a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KME 001 T clustered with the genus Aeromicrobium and was closely related to Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli , Aeromicrobium erythreum and Aeromicrobium ponti with 97.7, 97.6 and 97.5 % sequence similarities, respectively. The strain was capable of growth at a variety of temperatures (10–42 °C) and over a broad pH range (5.0–10.0). NaCl was required for robust growth of the strain. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll -diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The predominant fatty acids were C 18 : 1 ω 9 c , C 16 : 0 and 10-methyl C 18 : 0 . The DNA–DNA hybridization analyses showed that DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain KME 001 T and its nearest neighbours, A. ginsengisoli KCTC 19207 T , A. erythreum KCCM 41104 T and A. ponti KACC 20565 T , were 49.6, 57.1 and 63.5 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain KME 001 T was 75.9 mol%. Chemical investigation of the liquid culture medium of strain KME 001 T led to the isolation of taurocholic acid as a major secondary metabolite. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain KME 001 T is classified as representing a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium , for which the name Aeromicrobium halocynthiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KME 001 T (=JCM 15749 T =KCCM 90079 T ).
1260 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 31 Transition to Aperiodic Variability in a Wind-Driven Double-Gyre Circulation Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Multiple equilibria as well as periodic and aperiodic solution regimes are obtained in a barotropic model of the midlatitude ocean’s double-gyre circulation. The model circulation is driven by a steady zonal wind profile that is symmetric with respect to the square basin’s zonal axis of north–south symmetry, and dissipated by lateral friction. As the intensity of the wind forcing increases, an antisymmetric double-gyre flow evolves through a pitchfork bifurcation into a pair of steady mirror-symmetric solutions in which either the subtropical or the subpolar gyre dominates. In either one of the two asymmetric solutions, a pair of intense recirculation vortices forms close to and on either side of the point where the two western boundary currents merge to form the eastward jet. To the east of this dipole, a spatially damped stationary wave arises, and an increase in the steady forcing amplifies the meander immediately to the east of the recirculating vortices. During this process, the transport of the weaker gyre remains nearly constant while the transport of the stronger gyre increases. For even stronger forcing, the two steady solution branches undergo Hopf bifurcation, and each asymmetric solution gives rise to an oscillatory mode, whose subannual period is of 3.5–6 months. These two modes are also mirror-symmetric in space. The time-average difference in transport between the stronger and the weaker gyre is reduced as the forcing increases further, while the weaker gyre tends to oscillate with larger amplitude
MEMS-based particle size magnifier for measuring ultra low nanoparticle concentration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper firstly reports a MEMS-based particle size magnifier. By growing nanoparticles to a diameter greater than 1 μm, the proposed device enables optical methods to detect the individual nanoparticles which cannot be seen optically due to their small size. The proposed device shows the potential of realizing a compact and low cost nanoparticle sensor which can measure ultra-low nanoparticle concentration, while the recent MEMS-based particle sensors are only applicable for high particle concentration environment.
INHALED ANTIBIOTICS FOR TREATING PNEUMONIA IN INVASIVELY VENTILATED PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients is a significant concern in the intensive care unit (ICU), often associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and high mortality rates. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens further complicates management. Inhaled antibiotics (IABs) have gained attention as an adjunctive or alternative treatment modality to systemic antibiotics, offering direct drug delivery to the lungs with potentially enhanced efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. This review explores the role of inhaled antibiotics in treating pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients, focusing on pharmacological considerations, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and limitations. Relevant evidence is derived from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, incorporating the latest studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive understanding.
Holly Boswell: Asheville’s Social Justice Warrior, Voices from the LGBTQIA+ Archive of Western North Carolina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article uses participant stories across four decades to historicize cultural shifts related to LGBTQ+ visibility and inclusion within western North Carolina. In particular, I wish to introduce readers to social justice warrior Holly Boswell (born 1950), a transgender activist and movement influencer who moved to Asheville, North Carolina, in 1976. Holly Boswell co-designed the transgender symbol, created one of the longest running transgender support groups in the country, and pushed for gender neutral bathrooms in Asheville businesses long before HB2 (the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, commonly known as House Bill 2) attempted to mandate bathrooms by birth certificate data. Her scholarship shaped the language of the transgender liberation movement beyond gender binaries, and her advocacy facilitated a paradigm shift toward LGBTQ+ inclusion.