jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developmental potential of different embryos on day 3: a retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate how different quality of day 3 (D3) embryos affect blastocyst formation and clinical outcomes. This retrospective study analysed 699 patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) between January 2017 and February 2021. A total of 2517 D3 embryos were transferred to blastocyst medium for extended culture. D3 embryos were divided into five groups. Grade A, 6-10 cells, symmetrical blastomeres and <20% fragmentation; grade B, 6-10 cells, uneven blastomeres and ≥20% fragmentation; grade C, >10 cells, symmetrical blastomeres and <20% fragmentation; grade D, >10 cells, uneven blastomeres and ≥20% fragmentation; grade E, <6 cells. Status of day 5 (D5) and day 6 (D6) blastocysts and the clinical outcomes (blastocyst transfer) of each D3 embryo were recorded. The grade C group showed a higher D5 blastocyst formation rate and a high-quality blastocyst rate than other groups (p<.05). However, the clinical pregnancy rates in the grade A group were higher than other groups (p<.05). Embryos with low speed of development (grade E group) showed considerable clinical outcomes that were still worth investigating. D3 embryos with less fragmentation and ≥6 symmetrical blastomeres revealed a higher developmental potential, while embryos with 6-10 blastomeres showed the ideal clinical outcomes.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Accurate embryo evaluation can effectively reflect the developmental potential of different embryos. The number of blastomeres, proportion of fragmentation, and blastomere symmetry are three important and popular morphologic parameters used for evaluating day 3 (D3) embryos. However, in existing reports, combining these three parameters for embryo evaluation often results in different results. This is because different researchers have chosen different criteria for these three parameters.What do the results of this study add? In this retrospective study, we summarised the medical records of our reproductive centre in the past three years, redefined the evaluation method of the D3 embryos, and analysed the corresponding developmental potential and clinical outcomes. We conclude that although the embryonic development potential of grade C embryos (>10 cells, symmetrical blastomeres and/or <20% fragmentation) is relatively good, the results of grade A embryos (6-10 cells, symmetrical blastomeres and/or <20% fragmentation) are better in terms of clinical outcomes.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? We believe this is meaningful for embryologists to choose embryos for transfer and predict the clinical outcome of IVF cycles.
Surrogacy and public policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Supreme Court in the United Kingdom has held that it is not contrary to public policy to award damages in tort to fund a commercial surrogacy in another jurisdiction where this is lawful. This significant decision, in the case of Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX [2020] UKSC 14, will potentially have an impact on the regulation and reform of surrogacy law in the United Kingdom, Ireland and internationally. The judgment delivered by Lady Hale draws attention to multiple inconsistencies in the law, and it highlights, in particular, the need for effective regulation of domestic surrogacy. Legislators face an important and imminent challenge to reconcile the reality of commercial surrogacy with a deficient legal framework. This article seeks to highlight some of the important issues which this case has raised when considering regulation and reform of surrogacy law.
Effect of work load on the content of carboxymyoglobin in the heart and skeletal muscles of rats exposed to carbon monoxide.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Female albino rats were exposed to carbon monoxide in concentrations ranging from 130 to 1030 mg/m3 for a period of 40 minutes. During the last 20 minutes of exposure, the rats were subject to forced run on a flat treadmill moving at a rate of 400 m/hour. Immediately after termination of exposure, the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin and lactic acid in blood, as also the concentration of carboxymyoglobin in the heart and skeletal muscles were determined. Work load did not influence the level of carboxyhemoglobin in blood, though inducing an increase in the concentration of carboxymyoglobin in both the heart muscle and the skeletal muscle. The increase in the concentration of lactic acid in the blood was observed only in rats exposed to carbon monoxide in an average concentration of 1030 mg/m3 and simultaneous work load. Results of the observations demonstrate that simultaneous effect of carbon monoxide and work load can induce more severe tissue hypoxia than could be expected on the basis of carboxyhemoglobin concentration in the blood.
Issues in recycling galvanized scrap

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The quality of the steel used for most galvanizing (and tinplate) applications makes scrap derived from their production and use a premier solid charge material for steelmaking. In 1989 the AISI created a Task Force to define the issues and to recommend technologically and economically sound approaches to assure continued, unhindered recyclability of the growing volume of galvanized scrap. The AISI program addressed the treatment of full-sized industrial bales of scrap. The current, on-going MRI (US)--Argonne National Laboratory program is focused on ``loose`` scrap from industrial and post-consumer sources. Results from these programs, issues of scrap management from source to steel melting, the choices for handling zinc in iron and steelmaking and the benefits/costs for removal of zinc (and lead) from scrap prior to melting in BOF and foundry operations are reviewed in this paper.
Cluster analysis of seedless grape cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sixteen ampelographic and eleven ampelometric traits of leaf, berry, and cluster were selected to make cluster analysis for 37 seedless grape cultivars in National Zhengzhou Grape Germplasm Resources Repository. The investigated data were analyzed by using the Statistic software of SPSS 10.0. The results showed that 37 seedless grape cultivars could be clustered into 3 groups and 5 subgroups. Group 1 has only one cultivar in it,Centennial Seedless. Group 2 consists of 8 European-American cultivars, including Bronx Seedless, Himrod, Suffolk red, Mars Seedless, Vanerssa Seedless, Lakemont, 40-1(Kyoho×Himrod) and Queenora Seedless. Group 3 consists of 5 subgroups of 28 European cultivars. Subgroup 3-1 has 4 cultivars, including Super Seedless, Zhengguodawuhe, Blush Seedless and Ruby Seedless. Subgroup 3-2 includes 60-1, 74-6-1-1, Ai Shen Mei gui, Canad Seedless, Jin Sui Wu Zi Lu and Flame Seedless. Subgroup 3-3 has 3 cultivars, Hongwuzilu, Jingzijing and Xiying. The biggest is Subgroup 3～4, which is made up of Barbar Rose, Black Monukka, Perlette, Ning Xia Wu He Bai, Thompson Seedless(A), Kichmich rose, Zaowuhebai, Jingzaojing, Thompson Seedless, Кцщмцм Ваткана, Янгц-Эр, Beauty Seedless, Kichmich and Madh pa fare. Subgroup 3-5 has only Dawuhezi cultivar.
Creating a new variety of hop by clone selection method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article presents the results of breeding work for the creation of new high-yielding varieties of bitter-aromatic hops with a high content of alpha-acids carried out in 2004-2020 in the Chuvash Republic on gray forest soils. The work was done by individual clonal selection of the best hop plants from the collection nursery. Seven high-yielding breeding numbers with a high alpha-acid content were selected from the collection nursery. After passing through all the stages of study in each of the appropriate nurseries from seven numbers, two clones were selected to create new varieties. Data were obtained on the parameters of the initial clonal breeding material, depending on weather conditions and the age of plantings. The selected clones (1-17 bitter-aromatic type and 6-26 bitter type) correspond to the specified indicators: collection of raw hops is not less than 4.0 kg from a bush, the duration of the growing period is 100-120 days, the content of alpha acids is not less than 5.0 %. Documentation on clone 1-17 was sent to the State Variety Commission for registration of a new variety Salampi. The variety is characterized by stable performance and quality indicators. The productivity of the variety is 30.0 c/ha (4.0 kg/bush) with a content of alphaacids of 9.3 %. The Podvyazny standard variety has 26.4 c/ha (3.5 kg/bush), the content of alpha-acids is 8.8 %. Testing of clone 6-26 will be continued to obtain complete and objective data.
Effect modification by gender of the influence of obstructive sleep apnoea characteristics on dyslipidaemia in China: a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) characteristics differ by gender, possibly affecting any association between OSA and dyslipidaemia. We explored whether gender influenced any association between OSA characteristics and dyslipidaemia. Methods/Design This was a cross-sectional, large-scale hospital-based study. Male and female risks of dyslipidaemia by OSA characteristics were assessed with logistic regression. Additive interactions were measured using three indices: the relative excess risk due to interaction, the attributable proportion due to interaction and the synergy index. Multiplicative interaction was evaluated via logistic regression. Setting A single secondary-care setting in China. Participants 3760 patients with OSA. Primary and secondary outcome measures Outcomes were male and female risks of dyslipidaemia, and the associated additive and multiplicative interactions between the apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI), the oxygen-desaturation index (ODI), the microarousal index (MAI), and gender. Results After controlling for confounding factors, males (but not females) with AHIs>30 were at higher risk of hyper-total cholesterol (TC), hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) status and a hyper-TC/HDL-C ratio than males with AHIs≤30. Positive additive interactions were evident between the male gender and AHI on a hyper-TC/HDL-C ratio and hypo-HDL-C status. Males with ODIs>40.1 were at higher risk of hypo-HDL-C status and a hyper-TC/HDL-C ratio than males with ODIs≤40.1. Positive additive and multiplicative interactions were evident between male gender and ODI on hyper-TC/HDL-C ratio. Males with MAIs>28.6 were at higher risk of hyper-TC and hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol status than males with MAIs≤28.6, but no statistically significant interactions were apparent between gender and MAI. Conclusions Males (but not females) with higher AHIs, ODIs or MAIs were at higher risks of some measures of dyslipidaemia. Positive interactions between male and severe OSA or intermittent hypoxia on some measures of dyslipidaemia were apparent. Thus, dyslipidaemia should be evaluated in patients with OSA, especially males with severe OSA or intermittent hypoxia.
Art without borders: a philosophical exploration of art and humanity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

People all over the world make art and take pleasure in it, and they have done so for millennia. But acknowledging that art is a universal part of human experience leads us to some big questions: Why does it exist? Why do we enjoy it? And how do the world's different art traditions relate to art and to each other? Art Without Borders is an extraordinary exploration of those questions, a profound and personal meditation on the human hunger for art and a dazzling synthesis of the whole range of inquiry into its significance. Esteemed thinker Ben-Ami Scharfstein's encyclopedic erudition is here brought to bear on the full breadth of the world of art. He draws on neuroscience and psychology to understand the way we both perceive and conceive of art, including its resistance to verbal exposition. Through examples of work by Indian, Chinese, European, African, and Australian artists, Art Without Borders probes the distinction between accepting a tradition and defying it through innovation, which leads to a consideration of the notion of artistic genius. Continuing in this comparative vein, Scharfstein also examines the mutual influence of European and non-European artists. Then, through a comprehensive evaluation of the world's major art cultures, he shows how all of these individual traditions are gradually, but haltingly, conjoining into a single current of universal art. Finally, he concludes by looking at the ways empathy and intuition can allow members of one culture to appreciate the art of another. Lucid, learned, and incomparably rich in thought and detail, Art Without Borders is a monumental accomplishment, on par with the artistic achievements Scharfstein writes about so lovingly in its pages.
On the Significance of the Fields’ Energy-Momentum Tensor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This work discusses the significance of the energy-momentum tensor of physical fields of an elementary particle. The Noether theorem shows how this tensor can be derived from the Lagrangian density of a given field. This work proves that the energy-momentum tensor can also be used for a consistency test of a field theory. The results show that the Dirac Lagrangian density of a spin-1/2 massive particle yields consistent results. On the other hand, problems exist with the present structure of quantum electrodynamics, and with quantum fields of massive particles that are described by a second order differential equation. All problematic results are confirmed by an independent analysis.
Certain methodical aspects of experiments studying the nutrition of caterpillars of the Gypsy moth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is shown that there are a number of factors that are important to consider when planning the experiments on studying the trophic parameters of the caterpillars of the Gypsy moth, first of all, the population characteristics of the species including the sex and age structure that change annually. The final results of the study are also influenced by some procedures during the experiments, particularly, the duration (especially in the longest instars of the caterpillars) and volume of the sampling, which is supposed to grow as the caterpillars instar increases. The expediency is examined for using the individual growing of the caterpillars to study the species nutrition.
Research about school handbooks in Latin America: The project MANES contribution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This brief essay makes a survey of the historical research undertaken during the last decade on school-books in Latin America. At the same time, it describes the main on-going research initiatives on this topic, as well as the contribution of the MANES research project of the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) in Madrid, through its collaboration-agreements with Latin American Universities.
Perspectives on what schools and mental health services can do about bullying of adolescents with severe emotional health conditions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite evidence identifying bullying as leading to severe distress, few studies have focused on bullied adolescents with existing mental health conditions. With increasing prevalence rates, it is necessary to understand how these adolescents can be better safeguarded. To address the issue, this study reports the rarely conveyed viewpoints of adolescents attending mental health services; clinically diagnosed with severe emotional conditions. To complement these perspectives, the viewpoints of their parents and teachers were also obtained. Thematic analysis identified school bullying as a serious stressor, contributing to and exacerbating their mental health need. They were prone to be trapped in a cycle of victimisation, complicated further by their preference for secrecy. Adolescents and their parents felt bullying problems could be appropriately managed if school staff were better tuned into the subtle signs of bullying, and managed disclosure more sensitively by working collaboratively with them and their assigned mental health practitioner. Recommendations were, a need for staff to better detect bullying distress and strengthen multi-agency links when bullying is suspected, to ensure quick, proactive intervention. Furthermore, schools could consider amalgamating the bullying and mental health whole school approaches, due to the intrinsic links between bullying and mental health.
Use of Psychoactive Substances by Adolescents in Different Types of Auto-Aggressive Behaviour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article presents research data on the characteristics of the psychoactive substances use in suicidal, self-harming and normative behaviour among adolescents. 131 adolescents with a high risk of suicidal behaviour, 142 adolescents with a high risk of self-harming behaviour and 553 adolescents with normative behaviour were examined. Methods used: the SL-19 questionnaire (Yunantskevich P.I., 2009) was used to identify adolescents with suicidal risk; “method of body modification and self-harm” (Polskaya N.A., 2017) - for identification adolescents with self-damaging behaviour, including the substance use (alcohol, drugs, tobacco). Based on data, it is concluded that half of adolescents prone to auto-aggressive behaviour are characterized by the formation of polymodal auto-aggressive complexes, including different types of auto-aggressive behaviour. Both suicidal and self-harming behaviours are accompanied by the use of different types of psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco and drugs). The most discernible use of substance is noted in the group of adolescents with a high risk of suicidal behaviour. An assumption is made about the need to develop comprehensive preventive programs that take into account different types of adolescents’ auto-aggression.
Ex vivo study of anti-leishmanial activity of artemisinin against Leishmania tropica amastigote

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Leishmania parasites are the causative agent of leishmaniasis. Many studies are inspecting chemical drugs, including the use of miltefosine and amphotericin B, but curative values may be limited for these drugs with side effects due to the chemical origin, therefore, investigating less toxic therapies is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of artemisinin on Iraqi strain of Leishmania tropica, by experimental macrophage ex vivo infection of amastigotes into mouse macrophage cell-line RAW264.7. Different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500)μM of artemisinin (ART) were screened to examine the susceptibility of L. tropica amastigotes to invade macrophage cell line along three times of follow up (24, 48 and 72) hours. Results showed that artemisinin had a cytotoxic effect on the parasite in which a significance difference (P < 0.05) in cell viability was observed and IC50 was calculated as 182.6 μM after 48 hours treatment. In addition, percentage of infectivity of intracellular amastigotes was significantly decreased. These findings revealed the potential efficacy of artemisinin against the infectious amastigotes and can be further studied to screen its effectiveness in vivo for exploring a safer herbal compound to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Female perception of copulatory courtship by male titillators in a bushcricket

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Males of the bushcricket Metrioptera roeselii bear paired titillators that are spiny genital structures supposedly functioning as copulatory courtship devices. During copulation, the male inserts its titillators into the female's genital chamber, where they rhythmically tap on the sensilla-covered dorsal surface of the genital fold. Here, we investigated the stimulatory function of male titillators during mating in M. roeselii . Tracer backfills of presumptive mechanosensory sensilla at the female genital fold revealed a thick bundle of sensory axons entering the last unfused abdominal ganglion (AG-7). Electrophysiological recordings of abdominal nerves demonstrated that females sense mechanical stimulation at their genital fold. The mechanosensory responses, however, were largely reduced by the insecticide pymetrozine that selectively blocks scolopidia of internal chordotonal organs but not campaniform and hair sensilla on the outer cuticle surface. In mating experiments, the females showed resistance behaviours towards males with asymmetrically shortened titillators, but the resistance was largely reduced when mechanoreceptors at the female's genital fold were either pharmacologically silenced by pymetrozine or mechanically blocked by capping with UV-hardened glue. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male titillators in these bushcrickets may serve as copulatory courtship devices to mechanically stimulate the female genitalia to reduce resistance behaviour.
Место и роль интернет-сми в языковой системе виртуального общения /Place and role of the internet media in the language system of virtual communication

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we examined the features of the functioning virtual communication language in the context of its influence on the modern Internet media languageand stylistics.We considered the main threats that, in our opinion, have a negative impact on the online media language, which also affects the general speech culture of the population, and also tried to understand the causes of these phenomena and identify possible solutions to the mentioned problems. Particular attention is paid to the role of highquality online media and journalism in the formation of a normalized Internet communication stylistics.
Paper on Exergy Saving Type High Temperature Air Combustion.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An exergy saving type combustion technique has been developed by introducing high temperature air burner which has a regenerative heat recovery with honeycomb type ceramics and frequent switching device to keep a level of 1000 deg. C and over. However, NOx emission will be increased by this high temperature air combustion and has to be decreased by some technique which is held by low oxygen combustion method. The low oxygen combustion can be obtained by well mixing of fresh air and combustion gas. In this paper, we can realize that the exergy value is decreased by combustion process and increased by heat recovery process. Therefore, the exergy saving process in combustion may be achieved by heat recovery from exhaust gas to fresh air. Recently, we have many application of exergy saving type high temperature air combustion for some industrial furnaces. When we introduce the above high temperature air combustion, it may be possible to reduce about 30% ener-gy for comparing with existing type of furnace. Furthermore, it is clear that the steam boiler or chemical reactor furnace may be constructed by radiation part only. So, we have many advantages of energy and resource saving results which are derived from high temperature air combustion.
Photographic Phytography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores my practice-based research project Arboreal Encounters, a collection of tannin toned cyanotypes made with six heritage oak trees that form an element of my part-time, practice-based Ph.D. at the University of Brighton, UK. It comprises a brief history and background of the project before exploring how photographic practice might interact with and integrate notions of vegetal intelligence within artistic practice. By thinking of the production of Arboreal Encounters as if an invitation to the trees to become part of the process of their own representation, I consider how such interactions might act symbolically as human-plant collaborations and how methods of thinking, as well as doing, may resist notions of the plant as commodity within artistic practice.