jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Organization and formation of the apical membrane of epithelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Compartmentalization of cell membranes, in particular of the apical membrane of columnar epithelia, is the topic of this thesis. The first part characterizes the apical membrane and its specialized organization and morphology, whereas the second part focuses on the formation of this unique plasma membrane domain during epithelial polarization. The apical membrane of columnar epithelia is enriched in glycosphingolipids, a class of lipids that are known to interact with cholesterol to form liquid ordered domains, also termed &amp;quot;rafts&amp;quot;, in cell membranes. Imaging the apical surface of untreated and raft lipid depleted MDCK cells with atomic force microscopy revealed that raft lipids are involved in the formation and/or maintenance of microvilli, actin based protrusions of the apical plasma membrane, indicating a regulatory link between membrane domains and the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, antibody patching and photobleaching experiments performed during the work of this thesis suggest that the organization into raft and non-raft domains is very different in the apical membrane of MDCK cells compared to the plasma membrane of a fibroblast. In fact, the data support the hypothesis that the apical membrane could be a percolating raft membrane in which rafts constitute the major phase and non-raft domains exist as isolated entities. The second part of this thesis analyses the segregation of apical and basolateral membrane domains during epithelial polarization. This segregation can either be achieved by generating scaffolded domains prior to junction formation or by polarized secretory and endocytic membrane traffic after the establishment of cell junctions. While most apical and basolateral marker proteins in MDCK cells follow the latter mechanism, this thesis reports that the apical marker gp135 is confined to the dorsal face already in single attached cells. The unknown antigen was purified and identified as podocalyxin. Analysis of a series of domain mutants revealed that the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of podocalyxin is mainly responsible for its special localization, which it shares with the PDZ protein NHERF-2. Knocking down podocalyxin by RNA interference resulted in retardation of cell growth and epithelial polarization. Taken together, the data suggest that podocalyxin and NHERF-2 could be part of an early apical polarity scaffolding system based on PDZ-binding and PDZ-containing proteins.
A Nightingale-Based Model for Dementia Care and its Relevance for Korean Nursing

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This article addresses the synchrony between a Western middle-range theory of care for persons with dementia and traditional Korean nursing care. The Western theory is called a need-driven, dementia-compromised behavior model and is heavily influenced by the assessment categories outlined in Nightingale’s work. This model is presented as congruent with Nightingale’s work and then viewed from the perspective of traditional Korean nursing. Several congruencies and a few incongruencies are found between these Western and Eastern views, and suggestions are made for greater consistency between these views.
Optimization of a Novel Oral Colon Delivery System of Indomethacin Using Full Factorial Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To develop and optimize indomethacin (IDM) matrix tablets for specific colon drug delivery.Methods: Indomethacin matrix tablets containing hydrogenated castor oil (HCO), and pectin (PEC) were prepared by hot fusion method. A 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the combined effect of two independent formulation variables, X1 and X2, namely, the amount of HCO and PEC, respectively. Their effect on IDM release from the matrix tablets in acidic medium (0.1 N HCl) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), were analyzed and optimized. A contour plot was also applied to graphically represent the effect of the independent variables on drug release in pH 6.8 medium at 2 h (Y1) and 24 h (Y2), and the time required for 25 % drug release (Y3) as dependent variables.Results: The optimized IDM matrix tablets showed almost total retardation of drug release in acidic medium and prolonged sustained release in pH 6.8 medium over 24 h. The correlation coefficient (R2) value for Y1, Y2 and Y3 were 0.99850, 0.9980 and 0.9970, respectively, indicating good correlation between dependent and independent variables. Differences between the coefficients for Y1, Y2 and Y3 were significant (p < 0.05), and hence contributed significantly to the prediction of the independent variables.Conclusion: The findings indicate that successful design, development, and optimization of IDM matrix tablets for colon delivery has been achieved.Keywords: Indomethacin, Hydrogenated castor oil, Pectin, Factorial design, Matrix tablets, Colondelivery system
Azodioxide Radical Cations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzodioxide Radical CationsMelinda L. Greer, Haripada Sarker, Maria E. Mendicino, and Silas C. BlackstockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 42, 10460–10467Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00147a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00147a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Induction of epithelial migration of lymphocytes by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in a rat model of oral mucosal graft-versus-host disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To elucidate the involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the migration of lymphocytes to the oral mucosal epithelium in a rat model of acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD), we investigated (1) ICAM-1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression by keratinocytes (KCs) and their role in the epithelial infiltration of CD8+ cells, (2) the tissue expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA and expression of IFN-γ receptor by KCs, and (3) the ability of KCs to direct CD8+ cells into the epithelial layers. We classified the oral mucosal lesions into three consecutive temporal phases on the basis of increased epithelial ICAM-1 expression: basal- (phase I), parabasal- (phase II), and pan-epithelial except for the cornified cell layer (phase III). Basal ICAM-1 expression by KCs preceded that of MHC class II molecules, infiltration of CD8+ cells and epithelial histological changes. Tissue expression of IFN-γ mRNA and expression of IFN-γ receptor on KCs evidenced by immunohistochemistry were detected in early lesions (phase I), indicating that locally produced IFN-γ induced ICAM-1 expression by KCs. CD8+ cells were bound to KCs in frozen sections of epithelial lesions, whereas no lymphocyte attachment was observed in normal KC. Adherence could be inhibited by pretreating CD8+ cells with lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antibody and/or by pretreating sections with ICAM-1 antibody. Our data suggest that in the early phase of acute oral mucosal GVHD, the induction of ICAM-1 expression on KCs leads to the migration of CD8+ cells into the epithelium and that this is mediated in part by the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway.
Pathogenesis and Incidence of Calcium-containing and Pure Uric Acid Stones in Patients with Hyperuricemia and Hyperurocosuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are several factors which can be involved in the formation of pure uric acid stones: The first of these is the steady acidity of the urine. In addition to the absolute concentration of uric acid, the pH of the urine has a critical influence on the formation of uric acid stones.
Marine and terrestrial climate variability in the western Mediterranean Sea during marine isotope stages 20 and 19 from ODP site 161-976

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Sediment samples from the Ocean Drilling Program Site 976 (36°12.3'N, 4°18.8'W) were used to derive high temporal resolution δ¹⁸O G. bulloides, palynological (pollen and spores) and calcareous plankton (coccolithophores and foraminifera) records. This data set was used to trace the climate variability within late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 20 and MIS 19 in the area surrounding the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea).
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: manifestations in the oral cavity.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a pandemic disease characterised by impairment of the immune system; the main parameter is a progressive decline in the number of CD4 lymphocytes. This circumstance paves the way for opportunistic infections and the development of neoplastic processes that can lead the patient to a state known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and ultimately, results in death. The incorporation of treatment based on a cocktail of different active drugs (highly active antiretroviral therapy) has made it possible to drastically change the panorama of the disease in developed nations; improving quality of life for the patient and delaying the progression of the disease. The oral manifestations of HIV infection have been and continue to be an important component of the disease from the very first descriptions and are indicative of progression. At some point in the course of the disease, nine out of every ten patients will present oral manifestations and, on occasion, these symptoms will be the first sign of the syndrome. It is essential that oral healthcare professionals recognize the hallmarks of the illness. In developed countries, the emergence of new therapies has made it possible to significantly reduce immune deficiency-related oral manifestations, both in terms of frequency, as well as severity. This review analyses the most important oral lesions associated with HIV infection and the current state of affairs in this regard.
Programmable load control for load frequency control in microgrids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advanced technologies have a great impact on the living styles of human beings. For instance, people used fire to cook a few decades ago. Today, they use different kinds of electronic gadgets such as induction cookers, toasters, steamers, air fryers and so forth, which require electricity as a power source to cook. Moreover, sophisticated lifestyles of the people lead to increase demand in electricity usage as advanced electronic devices become a part of their daily routines. Likewise, power demand from industries and commercial organizations increases over the years. Electricity is generated by generators at a power plant, and all the electrical loads connected to the power grid draw different amount of power at a given time. Therefore, the frequency of the generators varies with respect to power demand. Hence, Dr. Eddy Foo Yi Shyh from NTU has developed the Load Frequency Control (LFC) for the NTU microgrid that detects frequency deviation and maintains nominal frequency of the synchronous generator. In this project, the 13.5kW programmable AC/DC electronic load, Chroma model 63804, was used to simulate the characteristics of the fast changing load. The programmable load was used to represent different kinds of electrical loads such as residential electrical loads, industrial electrical loads, and commercial electrical loads. Therefore, a programmable load controller, which adjusts the power demand of the electronic AC load programmatically, was developed using LabVIEW System Design Software and integrated into the existing load frequency control. Then, the transient response of the synchronous generator and the LFC was studied under the fast changing load conditions.
Transforming Healthcare through Entrepreneurial Innovations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although digitalization has profoundly changed the business logic in many industries, the healthcare sector still operates in many areas as in the pre-digital era. During recent years, humans have witnessed the rise of new digital health ventures, many of which have revolutionary ideas of how to transform business logics in the organizational fields of healthcare. However, in many cases the institutional arrangements of the field are so strong that new ventures face major challenges in breaking the institutional elements that prevent the introduction and diffusion of service innovations. This paper studies the cases of five companies that aim to transform specific niche areas in healthcare and how these entrepreneurs perceive the influence of institutional elements on their actions.
Ecological Consequences of Long-Term Exposure of Anabaena variabilis (Cyanophyceae) to Shifts in Environmental Factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cultures of Anabaena variabilis were exposed to different light intensities, and the time course of photoadaptation was measured by photosynthetic rate and changes in pigmentation. A shift down in intensity of 284 μEin · m −2 · sec −1 caused a temporary decrease in the photosynthetic response followed by gradual adaptation to the new conditions. Final chlorophyll a and carotenoid concentrations were reached after 1 day, although other physiological indicators showed that adaptation required 4 days. The parameter I k was shown to be the best indicator of photoadaptation. A shift up in light intensity of the same magnitude also required 4 days for complete photoadaptation by the culture, although chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations stabilized within 1 day. A shift down in light intensity of 392 μEin · m −2 · sec −1 resulted in a temporary attempt to adapt followed by collapse of the population. This demonstrates an apparent threshold in the magnitude of the shift in light intensity which will permit successful adaptation. Simultaneous changes in light intensity and temperature also adversely affected culture populations. Our observations present a possible cause for the decline or prevention of an algal bloom under a fluctuating light regime and suggest that it may be possible to predict this decline as a result of synoptic weather patterns or hydrodynamic influences.
Synthesis of n5-cyclopentadienyl and n8-cyclo-octatetraenyl-titanacarboranes of Titanium(II), (III) and (IV).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Treatment of the organometallic chlorides, LTiCl(x) (L = C5H5, x = 2 or 3; L = C8H8, x = 1), with solutions of the sodium salts of carborane dianions, Na2C2B(n)H(n+2), has resulted in the isolation of the first mixed-ligand titanacarboranes (C5H5TiC2B10H12)(-), (C8H8TiC2B(n)H(n+2)(-)) and C8H8TiC2B(n)H(n+2) (n = 9,10) with formal metal oxidation states of +2, +3 and +4, respectively.
Hepatitis E virus finds its path through the gut

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis and jaundice worldwide.1 HEV genotypes (gt) 1 and 2 are transmitted through the faecal-oral route and cause primarily waterborne epidemics, whereas the zoonotic gt 3 and 4 are transmitted via the consumption of undercooked or raw pork or game meat. Infection of immunocompromised patients with HEV gt 3 may result in chronic hepatitis E and the development of cirrhosis. Beyond liver disease, HEV can cause a number of extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological complications such as neuralgic amyotrophy and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Very similar to hepatitis A virus (HAV), HEV harbours a positive-strand RNA genome, and both are found as so-called quasi-enveloped virions in blood and as naked virions in bile and faeces.2

Although HEV is known to be enterically transmitted, there was limited evidence for infection of the gastrointestinal tract. In a study published in this journal, Marion et al addressed this question by the development of different cell culture systems, including primary human small intestinal epithelial cells, polarised primary enterocytes and intestinal tissue specimens obtained from small bowel resections.3 Using primary HEV gt 1 and 3 isolates from stool samples of patients with hepatitis E as well as virus derived from the gt 3 Kernow-C1 p6 clone, the …
Sharing Economy in a context of pandemic propagation : Case of the COVID19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The coronavirus outbreak identified in Wuhan, China brought the majority of countries in the world under lockdown. The socioeconomic consequences will be, without doubt, severe and enormous. In this paper, we investigate the sharing approach as a strategy to help reduce the heavy toll of the pandemic. A state of the art is provided to describe the virus propagation, the rationale behind the emergence of the sharing concept as well as its impact in a pandemic context. Finally, we suggest a list of recommendations for policy makers in order to attempt the endorsement of the sharing economy to enrich existing measures that have been taken in the same respect.
Challenges of Justice in the European Banking Union: Administrative Integration and Mismatches in Jurisdiction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the system of EU governance has expanded administrative interdependencies between different levels of government, the fragmented system of courts seems to struggle to respond effectively to the claims for justice. This creates fundamental legal uncertainty about the identification of the competent court in composite administrative proceedings and, as a result, question the capability of individuals to act before the competent court. This article focuses on the functioning of the Banking Union and aims to investigate how the multi-layered implementation of administrative functions put the unequivocal identification of the competent jurisdiction and the available remedies under a structural pressure. The recommendation is that such pressure could lessen, and legal certainty could be enhanced through reforms in both the organisation of administrative proceedings and the functioning of courts.
A method for improving the accuracy of automatic indexing of Chinese-English mixed documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose:The thrust of this paper is to present a method for improving the accuracy of automatic indexing of Chinese-English mixed documents.Design/methodology/approach:Based on the inherent characteristics of Chinese-English mixed texts and the cybernetics theory,we proposed an integrated control method for indexing documents.It consists offeed-forward control,in-progress controlandfeed-back control,aiming at improving the accuracy of automatic indexing of Chinese-English mixed documents.An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of our proposed method.Findings:This method distinguishes Chinese and English documents in grammatical structures and word formation rules.Through the implementation of this method in the three phases of automatic indexing for the Chinese-English mixed documents,the results were encouraging.The precision increased from 88.54%to 97.10%and recall improved from97.37%to 99.47%.Research limitations:The indexing method is relatively complicated and the whole indexing process requires substantial human intervention.Due to pattern matching based on a bruteforce(BF)approach,the indexing efficiency has been reduced to some extent.Practical implications:The research is of both theoretical significance and practical value in improving the accuracy of automatic indexing of multilingual documents(not confined to Chinese-English mixed documents).The proposed method will benefit not only the indexing of life science documents but also the indexing of documents in other subject areas.Originality/value:So far,few studies have been published about the method for increasing the accuracy of multilingual automatic indexing.This study will provide insights into the automatic indexing of multilingual documents,especially Chinese-English mixed documents.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS WITH ACTION LEARNING STRATEGY AT EIGHTH GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (A Classroom Action Research at Eight Grade Students of SMP N 01 Kota Bengkulu)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aimed to see the improvement of students’ speaking skill in english lesson by using action learning strategy at eighth grade. The participants of this research were 32 students form VIII.6 class consisting on 15 male and 17 female. This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR). The data were obtained through the observation and speaking test. To determine students who are successful in improving speaking skills based on the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria), which is 80. To analysis the data, the researcher used two steps, namely scoring students speaking skills use quantitative data and calculating the students’ score. The results of this study showed an increase in students' speaking ability. The results of this research indicate an improve in students' speaking ability. Students who experienced an increase in speaking skills in the preliminary data was 62.5%, or 20 students, the cycle I was 75% or 24 students and the cycle II was 84.375% or 27 students. While students who did not succeed in the preliminary data was 37.5% or 12 students, the cycle I was 25% or 8 students and the cycle II was 15.675% or 5 students. Based on the results of interviews conducted by researchers to several samples of students, several factors were found that were able to improve students' speaking skills. These factors were the comfort that students get while studying, giving reward points to attract students' interest and teachers applied some learning tricks to attract students' attention while studying.