jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bumble Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Diversity and Abundance in Tallgrass Prairie Patches: Effects of Local and Landscape Floral Resources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Conservation of biodiversity recently has focused on the importance of pollinator services for the preservation of threatened plant species in fragmented landscapes such as the tallgrass prairie biome. In this study, we assessed the influence of local and landscape floral resource diversity and abundance on bumble bee (Bombus Latreille) diversity and abundance at eight tallgrass prairie sites in Iowa. We calculated a landscape floral resource index (LRI) for areas within 500- and 700-m radii of each site based on the density and diversity of flowering plant species in polygons of different landscape elements. LRI values, areas of each landscape habitat type, and the diversity and abundance of bumble bee–used flowering ramets at each site were compared with bumble bee diversity and abundance at the site. Bumble bee diversity was best predicted by a model including the LRI of grasslands surrounding sites at 500 m, which explained most of the variance, and the abundance of bumble bee–visited plants at the site. Bumble bee abundance was best predicted by a model including the percent of the landscape in grasslands at the 700-m radius, which explained most of the variance, and the abundance of bumble bee–visited plants at the site. Our results reveal that bumble bee diversity at tallgrass prairie patches is influenced by the availability of resources in the landscape, particularly in grasslands, and to a lesser extent by site characteristics, indicating the importance of spatial scale for creating successful pollinator management plans in fragmented landscapes.
Cortical mechanisms of memory formation and readout

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Most researchers regard the dasiaspontaneouspsila background activity seen in EEG (scalp electroencephalogram) and ECoG (intracranial electrocorticogram) as noise, to which signals are added by stimuli or by intention to act. Indeed they are noise, but they are not random, and the signals are not added. They emerge by rapid, large-scale reorganization of background activity in the process of perception. Here I show that the background activity of the brain conforms to a modified form of scale-free brown noise - black noise - that is sustained by mutual excitation. Distributed inhibitory feedback operates on the noise as a band pass filter, giving Rayleigh noise in every pass band. The beats trigger the formation of non-random spatiotemporal structures by enabling repetitive phase transitions, through which the microscopic activity patterns of neural populations abruptly re-form upon selection by stimuli into spatial brain wave patterns revealing Rice distributions. The reorganization under sensory guidance constitutes recall of memories stored in synaptic distributions, leading to recognition through transient states of globally patterned brain activity.
Advancements in Aerogel Technology for Antimicrobial Therapy: A Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the latest advancements in aerogel technology for antimicrobial therapy, revealing their interesting capacity that could improve the current medical approaches for antimicrobial treatments. Aerogels are attractive matrices because they can have an antimicrobial effect on their own, but they can also provide efficient delivery of antimicrobial compounds. Their interesting properties, such as high porosity, ultra-lightweight, and large surface area, make them suitable for such applications. The fundamentals of aerogels and mechanisms of action are discussed. The paper also highlights aerogels’ importance in addressing current pressing challenges related to infection management, like the limited drug delivery alternatives and growing resistance to antimicrobial agents. It also covers the potential applications of aerogels in antimicrobial therapy and their possible limitations.
Price and Tax Subsidies : Effectiveness and Challenges

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many governments use price and tax subsidization to meet social protection objectives. They endeavor to reduce the cost of living for their population-or for a subset of the population-by subsidizing the price of goods or services in lieu of, or in addition to, direct income transfers. While these subsidies may distort production incentives, subsidize the non-poor more than the poor, and limit consumer choice, there are reasons why a government may choose to use some forms of pricing policy rather than make income transfers to help the poor.
Review: Spillover effects of violent attacks and COVID-19 exposure on mental health of health professionals: A two-phase quasi-natural experiments study in Northwest China — R0/PR2

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aims of this study were to examine the spillover effects of violent attacks, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) exposure, and their interactions on health professionals' mental health, and the role of organizational support in their relationships in China. A two-phase survey data (n = 10,901) before and after the first outbreak of COVID-19 was integrated with regional macro data on the number of lawsuit cases of violent attacks and COVID-19 cases. Three studies were designed to isolate the general spillover impact of violent attacks on the mental health of health professionals, how COVID-19 affects the mental health of health professionals, and whether organizational support moderates the relationship between violent attacks and mental health through econometric regressions. Violent attacks and COVID-19 are negatively associated with the mental health of health professionals, and the outbreak of COVID-19 adversely deteriorates the spillover effects of violent attacks. Physicians, not nurses, are the most affected group. Better perceived support from hospitals can significantly mitigate the adverse effects of COVID-19, violent attacks, and their interactions on the mental health of health professionals. COVID-19 deteriorates the adverse effects of violent attacks on the mental health of health professionals, while better organizational support is helpful to mitigate these effects.
Regulation and export of alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology at Massey University

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We examined the epithelial-subepithelial junction of mouse pancreas, human placenta and monkey oral mucosa. In mouse pancreas, in quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-replicated micrographs, collagen fibrils ran close to the lamina densa and frayed out into two or three subfibrils merging with lamina densa meshwork. In placental villi, some collagen fibrils ran toward trophoblasts and probably merging with lamina densa. In oral mucosa, some collagen fibrils curved to epithelial cells, passed through the anchoring fibril network and apparently merged with the basal surface of lamina densa. Together with the morphology of reconstituted collagen fibrils from type V collagen and hybrid fibrils from type V and type I collagen and the results presented here, we propose that a direct connection of collagen fibrils with lamina densa could be a ubiquitous anchoring system to stabilize epithelial tissues.
Super-Resolution in Compressive Coded Imaging Systems via l2 – l1 – l2 Minimization Under a Deep Learning Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In most imaging applications the spatial resolution is a concern of the systems, but increasing the resolution of the sensor increases substantially the implementation cost. One option with lower cost is the use of spatial light modulators, which allows improving the reconstructed image resolution by including a high-resolution codification. In this paper, we propose a reconstruction methodology that exploits the intrinsic information contained in low-resolution measurements generated by the use of high-resolution spatial light modulators and high-resolution approximations obtained via a CNN. Specifically, based on a high-resolution CNN approximation, an l 2 fidelity regularization term is introduced into a traditional l 2 -l 1 optimization problem. Finally, the simulations of the proposed l 2 -l 1 -l 2 reconstruction approach show a quality improvement in up to 3.7dB in averaged PSNR against the use of the traditional l 2 -l 1 approach.
Evaluating Organizational Identity of Zoos to Enhance Conservation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Zoos, aquariums, and museums are expanding their identities and efforts to support wildlife conservation, but their impact is unclear. We apply a business theory of organizational identity to assess how conservation identities are created and applied. We examine three foundational and three practical components of identity using semi‐structured interviews with zoo directors and conservation directors at eight institutions. Our qualitative analysis highlights the well‐established organizational identity constructs among zoos and aquariums, while elucidating the constructs with room for further development and application to activate conservation identities. Each organization shared some conservation strategies and successes, yet the leaders also identified gaps and barriers to reaching conservation goals, including how some zoos perceive their conservation identity competes against other organizational identities and goals. This research provides insights into ways museums can build and reinforce their identities when supporting environmental and social causes. Additionally, the organizational identity framework provides an evaluation tool for examining museums’ integrated identities, strategies, and practices.
Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Orang Tua Anak Penyandang Disabilitas Di Sanggar Inklusi Wijaya Kusuma Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychological well-being is a condition where individuals can accept their strengths and weaknesses as they are, have positive relationships with other people, are able to direct their own behavior, are able to develop their own potential in a sustainable manner, are able to control the environment and have a goal in their life. Parents of children with special needs experience many difficulties in everyday life due to certain limitations that the child has, requiring parents to seek education and ensure that the child gets the same opportunities as normal children, the child must also undergo special therapy to ensure that he develops normally. positive into adulthood. Therefore, the psychological well-being of parents needs to be achieved optimally because parents act as educators and primary caretakers of children which can increase positive development in children. The aim of this research was to determine the psychological well-being of parents of children with disabilities at the Wijaya Kusuma Inclusion Studio, Sukoharjo Regency. The results show that parents have demonstrated several characteristics of psychological well-being, namely in the aspects of self-acceptance, autonomy, mastery of the environment and positive relationships with other people.
Head impact burden and change in neurocognitive function over 2 seasons of youth football participation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective

To determine the association of repetitive sub-concussive head impacts with neurocognitive outcomes in primary school and high school tackle football players.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 35 primary school players age 9–12 and 20 high school players age 15–18 who each participated in 2 consecutive seasons of tackle football from 2016 to 2017. Helmet-based sensors were used to record head impacts during contact practices and games, which were summed as a cumulative impact for the 2 football seasons. Players were also divided into high intensity and low intensity groups based on whether they sustained high g-force impacts in both seasons. Players completed assessments on a variety of outcomes before the 2016 season and after the 2017 season: neuropsychological test performance, symptom ratings, vestibular-ocular function, balance, parent-completed ADHD symptoms, and self-reported behavioral adjustment.

Results

Average cumulative impact was 6,920 (SD 4,553) g-forces combined for the 2 seasons and did not differ between age groups (p = 0.66). Twenty-one players (38%) were classified as high intensity based on individual impacts. After correcting for multiple comparisons, neither cumulative impact nor impact intensity predicted change scores from pre-2016 season to post-2017 season on any outcome measures. Instead, younger age group and history of ADHD predicted worse change scores on several cognitive measures and ADHD symptom reporting.

Conclusions

Over 2 consecutive seasons of primary and high school tackle football participation, cumulative head impact burden and intensity of impacts were not found to be associated with changes in cognition, balance, vestibular-ocular function, or behavioral adjustment.
New species and combinations in the African Restionaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eight new species of the African Restionaceae (Restionoideae) are described, viz.: Cannomois anfracta, Cannomois arenicola, Cannomois grandis, Nevillea vlokii, Thamnochortus kammanassiae, Willdenowia pilleata, Restio uniflorus and Restio mkambatiae. A key to the species of Cannomois is provided, as well as a table comparing the characters of the three species in Nevillea. For all new species, notes on the affinities of the species and their habitats are provided. Two new combinations, Cannomois primosii (Pillans) H.P. Linder and Cannomois robusta (Kunth) H.P. Linder, are made.
THE CARGO MARKET: THE CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ПðАТ «ÂНÇ «Ì³aeðåг³îíàëüíà Аêàäåì³ÿ óпðàâë³ííÿ пåðñîíàëîì» ÐÈÍÎÊ ПÅÐÅÂÅЗÅÍÜ
PERFORMANCE OF PROMISING ENTRIES OF OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Field experiment was conducted to study the performance of promising entries of oat and effect of nitrogen levels on yield and yield parameters. Results obtained from this experiment indicated that the significant and highest plant height (129.4 cm) was recorded by variety SKO-188 over all varieties of oat. However, lowest plant height (90.8 cm) of oat plant was recorded by variety OS-377. Maximum tillers of oat per row length (83.5) were recorded by two varieties viz., JO-03-97 and SKO-188 over all other varieties UPO-10-1, OS-377, JHO-10-2 and OL-125 (NC). Variety OS-6 (NC) recorded the highest green fodder yield of oat (401.3 q/ha) followed by JO-03-97 (385.6 q/ha) and least by OS-777 (299.7 q/ha). Variety OS-6 (NC) also recorded the highest dry fodder yield (82.8 q/ha) followed by UPO-10-2 (79.6 q/ha) and least by OS-777 (57.8 q/ha). Highest protein content (14.7%) in oat was recorded by variety JHO-10-2 closely followed by SKO-170 (14.6%) and least by JO-03-97. Whereas highest protein yield was recorded by variety SKO-170 (10.6 q/ha) and least by OS-777 (8.3 q/ha). Application of nitrogen @ 120.0 kg/ha significantly increased the oat plant height from 89.9 to 126.8 cm, tillers row length/m from 68.6 to 88.1, green fodder yield of oat from 253.4 to 416.1 q/ha, dry fodder yield from 52.8 to 89.2 q/ha, protein content from 11.9 to 13.6 per cent and protein yield from 6.3 to 12.1 q/ha, respectively, over 40.0 and 80 kg N/ha.
Using micro/mini PLC/PAC in the Edge Computing Architecture

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A programmable logic controller (PLC) is the core of any industrial automation. For many years, PLC is used mostly to solve logical control tasks. Increasing processor performance and memory capacity, PLCs have the ability to handle a number of different and more complex tasks that are no longer just logical type. This kind of controller is the Programmable Automation Controller (PAC). In industrial control systems are present different kinds of architecture and concepts for integration in enterprise information systems. Edge computing architecture is one of them. In this paper is described a comparison of performance some of the micro/mini PLC/PAC in order to find how of micro/mini PLC/PAC can fit in the Edge Computing Architecture.
Racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: analysis of a COVID-19 observational registry for a diverse US metropolitan population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Data on race and ethnic disparities for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are limited. We analysed sociodemographic factors associated with higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore mediating pathways for race and ethnic disparities in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of the COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry, which captures data for a large healthcare system, comprising one central tertiary care hospital, seven large community hospitals and an expansive ambulatory/emergency care network in the Greater Houston area. Nasopharyngeal samples for individuals inclusive of all ages, races, ethnicities and sex were tested for SARS-CoV-2. We analysed sociodemographic (age, sex, race, ethnicity, household income, residence population density) and comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to provide adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI for likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Structural equation modelling (SEM) framework was used to explore three mediation pathways (low income, high population density, high comorbidity burden) for the association between non-Hispanic black (NHB) race, Hispanic ethnicity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Among 20 228 tested individuals, 1551 (7.7%) tested positive. The overall mean (SD) age was 51.1 (19.0) years, 62% were females, 22% were black and 18% were Hispanic. NHB and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with lower socioeconomic status and higher population density residence. In the fully adjusted model, NHB (vs non-Hispanic white; aOR, 2.23, CI 1.90 to 2.60) and Hispanic ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic; aOR, 1.95, CI 1.72 to 2.20) had a higher likelihood of infection. Older individuals and males were also at higher risk of infection. The SEM framework demonstrated a significant indirect effect of NHB and Hispanic ethnicity on SARS-CoV-2 infection mediated via a pathway including residence in densely populated zip code. Conclusions There is strong evidence of race and ethnic disparities in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that are potentially mediated through unique social determinants of health.
Analysis and Design of a Standalone Electric Vehicle Charging Station Supplied by Photovoltaic Energy

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, there is a great development in electric vehicle production and utilization. It has no pollution, high efficiency, low noise, and low maintenance. However, the charging stations, required to charge the electric vehicle batteries, impose high energy demand on the utility grid. One way to overcome the stress on the grid is the utilization of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic energy. The utilization of standalone charging stations represents good support to the utility grid. Nevertheless, the electrical design of these systems has different techniques and is sometimes complex. This paper introduces a new simple analysis and design of a standalone charging station powered by photovoltaic energy. Simple closed-form design equations are derived, for all the system components. Case-study design calculations are presented for the proposed charging station. Then, the system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink platform. Furthermore, an experimental setup is built to verify the system physically. The experimental and simulation results of the proposed system are matched with the design calculations. The results show that the charging process of the electric vehicle battery is precisely steady for all the PV insolation disturbances. In addition, the charging/discharging of the energy storage battery responds perfectly to store and compensate for PV energy variations.
Psychotic disorders of postpartum period as states of potential threat to newborn’s life and health (Clinical Case analysis)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article describes clinical picture of postnatal psychoses. In literature devoted to women’s postpartum mental disorders there are three variants: postpartum syndrome of “parturient sadness” (postpartum “blues”), postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Also, such diseases as postpartum panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, posttraumatic stress and others may occur. Ethiology of postpartum mental disorders may differ. In psychiatric literature the beginning of endogenic processual disease (with further chronical lifetime course) is often connected with development of postpartum psychosis. However, there are a lot of mentions about a possible beginning of psychosis due to exogenous hazards – after tough and long delivery followed convulsions and fever (40 Celcius and above). Interrelation with hidden infanticide is carried out. Infanticide includes cases of unpurposed and purposed abandoning an infant in situations dangerous for its health and life. Risk of postpartum psychoses followed by infanticide significantly increases in case of first-line relatives’ suicides. Case of severe delirious psychotic disorder during patient’s postpartum period in SPbSPMU is given. Psychopathologic symptoms of disorder are discussed. Lack of interrelation between pathological feelings and patient's belonging to concrete religious denomination is emphasized. Nosology of the given clinical case is discussed. Well-timed diagnostics of postpartum psychotic states is practically relevant. Postpartum psychoses are states that need evaluation from different perspectives.
PyMossFit: A Google Colab Option for Mössbauer Spectra Fitting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article introduces the main characteristics of PyMossFit, a software for Mössbauer spectra fit. It is explained how each utility of their code sections works. Based on the Lmfit python package, it is a robust data fitting tool. Designed to run as a Jupyter notebook at the Google Colab cloud, it also allows us to work from multiple devices and operating systems. Additionally, it facilitates that fitting procedure can be performed in a collaborative way by researchers.The software performs the folding of raw data with a discrete Fourier transform. Data smoothing is available with the use of a Savitzky-Golay algorithm. Likewise, a K-nearest neighbor algorithm helps us to determine the present phases by matching the correlations of hyperfine parameters from a local database.