jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Healthcare resource utilization and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with nebulized glycopyrrolate in the USA: a real-world data analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study compared medication use, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and exacerbations among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who initiated glycopyrrolate/eFlow Closed System nebulizer 25 mcg/mL glycopyrrolate (hereafter GLY) in a real-world setting before and after treatment initiation. Retrospective claims and hospital charge master data were used to identify individuals ≥ 40 years of age diagnosed with COPD who initiated GLY between 1 April 2018 and 28 February 2019 (first prescription claim = index date). Patients were excluded if they had ≥1 asthma diagnosis in the 6-month pre-index period. The proportion of patients with COPD-related medications, other outpatient HRU, hospitalizations, and exacerbations were compared between the 6-month pre-index and 6-month follow-up periods. Among patients utilizing the service, per-person utilization rates were compared between the two periods. Among patients initiating GLY (n = 767), the mean age was 71.4 years, 56.1% were female, and the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 2.0. The mean number of GLY claims per person was 3.8 during the follow-up period. Compared to the pre-index period, a lower proportion of patients had claims for COPD medications including oral corticosteroids (62.1% vs. 69.1%, p = .0001) and fixed-dose SAMA/SABA (26.1% vs. 33.0%, p p p p = .005), or moderate exacerbation (48.0% vs. 53.2%, p = .01) after initiating GLY. Among patients with linkage to inpatient data (n = 316), fewer were hospitalized (7.9% vs. 13.0%, p = .037) and hospital length of stay was shorter (1.9 vs. 3.6 days, p = .017) after initiating GLY/eFlow. Among patients initiating GLY in a real-world setting, COPD medications, hospitalizations, other HRU, and exacerbations decreased after treatment initiation compared with the 6-month pre-index period.
Effects of Chinese milk vetch decomposing on soil available nutrient dynamic changes and yields of single season rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of decomposing and ploughing Chinese milk vetch(CMV) under soil on growth and yield of succeeding single-season rice were studied.Available N,P and K in the soil,together with the rice yield,in the soil with 75 000 kg·hm-2 decomposed CMV as the only manure were detected.The results showed that the nutrients released from decomposed CMV could differentially affect the dynamic changes of N,P and K releasing in soil without succeeding single-season rice,i.e.P in no more than 20 d,N in about 120 d,and K in about 150 d.After planting with single-cropping rice,nutrient-sorption by the root had a significant effect on available K and N content,but not on available P content.Compared to using no chemical fertilizer in the field,planting CMV and using the decomposed substances as the only manure in the field could significantly increase the yields of straw and rice.
Computer Network Security under the Cloud Computing Technology Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The development of network technology has changed the traditional network application mode to coordinate all kinds of data and resources effectively. It brings about the improvement of computer computing ability, data processing ability and storage ability, and offers users a new and optimized usage experience by improving the ability of computer network service. However, the construction of cloud computing technology environment also causes people to worry about the network security, and the problem of computer network security under cloud computing technology environment can not be underestimated. The top priority is to speed up the research and development of defense technology, improve the risk response system, consciously enhance the awareness of security protection, and be answerable for dealing with network risk with multi-pronged measures. This work mainly discussed the problems of computer network security under cloud computing technology environment from aspects of encryption technology, authorized accessing, network monitoring, and consciousness awakening, expecting to provide guidance and reference for computer network security response under the background of cloud computing.
Formulation and evaluation of taste mask pellets of granisetron hydrochloride as oro dispersible tablet

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Orally disintegrating systems have carved a niche amongst the oral drug delivery systems due to the highest compliance of the patients, especially the geriatrics and pediatrics. In addition, patients suffering from dysphagia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer these medications because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in these dosage forms. However, the requirements of formulating these dosage forms with mechanical strength sufficient to withstand the rigors of handling and capable of disintegrating within a few seconds on contact with saliva are inextricable. The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of granisetron hydrochloride. To mask the taste Kollicoat(r) Smartseal 30D was used as coating polymer for pellet coating. The coated pellets of the drug was directly compressed with different superdisintegrant as AC-Di-Sol, Explotab and Kollidon CL in different concentration 5.0-7.5% w/w into an ODT. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, wet absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets exhibited quick disintegration characteristics with Kollidon CL in concentration 7.5% w/w i.e., within 20 seconds, which is characteristic of orally disintegrating dosage forms. More than 98% of drug was released from the formulations within 15 minutes. Formulations subjected to stability testing as per the ICH guidelines for 3 months, indicated stability with no change in taste, hardness, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution profiles. Thus, the results conclusively demonstrated successful masking of taste and rapid disintegration of the formulated dosage forms in the oral cavity.
Studies on the Diagnosis and Transmission Dynamics of Lymphatic Filariasis in Biase Local Government area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the years the endemicity of bancroftian filariasis in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria revolved around clinical assessment and the examination of night blood sample was associated with low sensitivity particularly in individuals having low parasitaemia and cryptic filarial infection. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of filarialsis in 9 wards of Biase local government using an immunochromatographic test (ICT). Methods: Clinical examination was performed according to WHO criteria to classify filarial disease. Night blood smears collected between 21.00 to 00.00h were examined to detect microfilaria (MF) microscopically. The Binax Now filariasis test kit was used to detect the circulating antigen of Wuchereria bancrofti in blood samples. A total of 425 participants made up of 260 males and 165 females were examined randomly from the community with particular emphasis on those with suspected cases of infection such as elephantiasis of the leg. The results showed that 56 (13.2 percent) of subjects had microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti from night samples, while 207 (48.7 percent) of the population studied had positive result with ICT cards. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of W. bancrofti microfilaria and circulating filarial antigenaemia by the method of detection(X2=11.004, P 0.05). The mosquitoes were caught using human handing catches and pyrethrum spray catches method. The entomological analysis of mosquitoes which include speciating into genus and dissecting them to unveil any microfilaria in the throracic region, abdomen, and mouth parts of the mosquitoes. The prevalence of circulating antigens was observed to be higher in females (55.1%) than in males (46.9%). Entomological analysis shows that, from the 432 mosquitoes caught 256 (61.3%) were Culex species, 114 (26.4%) Anopheles species, 34(7.9%) Aedes species, and 19(4.4%) of other Genera. Out of 337 mosquitoes dissected, 24(7.1%) contained developed stages (L1 - L3) of W. bancrofti larvae. 13/337 (3.86%) of the infected mosquitoes were of Culex species and Anopheles species accounted for the other 3.26% (11/337). The entomological studies showed that Anopheles species and the Culex species are the vectors of lymphatic filariasis in the study area. Characteristics of the ICT method including high sensitivity promptness and specificity, justifies its use for screening of filariasis. Conclusion: The study confirms CFA ICT as a more sensitive method for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis . The high endemicity
Synthesis of Monoclinic Celsian from Ba-Exchanged Zeolite A.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two kinds of zeolites with different crystal structures with the composition of BaO⋅Al2O3⋅2SiO2⋅xH2O prepared by an ion-exchange technique were used as a precursor of celsian. The difference between the zeolite structures resulted in the difference in modifications of celsian obtained through a heating treatment. Ba-exchanged zeolite A became an amorphous material at 300°C with dehydration, and then generates a small amount of monocelsian in the amorphous material at 500°C. When successively at 950°C for 1h, hexacelsian formed in addition to the previously produced monocelsian. A single phase of monocelsian was obtained finally by heating at 1500°C for 8h. The specimen heated at 1700°C, however, became a single phase of exacelsian, owing to monocelsian-to-hexacelsian phase transformation. The structure of Ba-exchanged Linde F zeolite collapsed at 300°C with dehydration, and only hexacelsian formed at temperatures above 980°C. The reason for the formation of monocelsian only from Ba-exchanged zeolite A was explained in terms of the similarity in framework structures of zeolite A and monocelsian.
A novel strain of Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables has beneficial effects on hyperuricemia through anti-inflammation and improvement of kidney damage

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism, resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid. In this study, a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified with the function of alleviating hyperuricemia. The relevant effects of L. brevis PDD-5 in lowering uric acid were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the L. brevis PDD-5 has (68.86 ± 15.46)% of inosine uptake capacity and (95.75 ± 3.30)% of guanosine uptake capacity in vitro. Oral administration of L. brevis PDD-5 to hyperuricemia rats reduced uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen in serum, as well as decreased inosine and guanosine levels in the intestinal contents of rats. Analysis of relevant markers in the kidney by ELISA kits revealed that L. brevis PDD-5 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the gene expression of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) was down-regulated, and the gene expression of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) was up-regulated after treatment with L. brevis PDD-5. Western blot analysis showed that L. brevis PDD-5 alleviated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury through the NLRP3 pathway. These findings suggest that L. brevis PDD-5 can lower uric acid, repair kidney damage, and also has the potential to prevent uric acid nephropathy.
Economic Order Quantity Model for Deteriorating Items under Inflation with Time Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the basic assumptions in the derivation of the classical Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula was that all the costs associated with the inventory system remain constant over time. Most of the inventory models developed so far do not include inflation. Today, inflation has become an unavoidable feature of the economy of almost all countries of the world and so several attempts have been made by researchers to reformulate the optimal inventory management policies taking into account inflation. The first attempt in this direction was by Buzacott [1]. Immediately, many other researchers have tried to extend Buzacott's approach to several other interesting situations taking into account the different inflation rates for the internal and external costs, infinite and finite replenishment rates, with or without shortages etc. The present paper deals with a finite time-horizon inventory replenishment model with time dependent demandfor items deteriorating at a constant rate.The effects of inflation are incorporated along with shortages which are assumed to be partially backlogged.The results obtained are illustrated with numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to some important parameters of the system have been presented.
Sirococcus shoot blight damage to western hemlock regeneration at Thomas Bay, Alaska / Ed F. Wicker, Thomas H. Laurent, and Spencer Israelson

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clearcut areas regenerated to western hem lock 'and Sitka spruce in southeast Alaska were surveyed for damage by Sirococcus shoot blight.A disease index was calculated for potential crop trees.All Western hemlock regeneration was infected.Disease severity was greater in suppressed and intermediate than in dominant and codominant crown classes.Mortality and severe top-killing were restricted to suppres- sed and intermediate crown classes.Disease severity was greater in lower than in the upper crown of potential crop trees.Terminal leader kill in potential crop trees was common.Direct measures of disease control are not recommended.
Bone Artifacts from the Reeve Site, Lake County, Ohio

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bone artifacts described from the 1968 excavation of the Reeve Site (Whittlesey Focus) include antler flakers, drifts, and arrow points; an elk antler phallus and chisel or hoe; bone beads, awls (including turkey metatarsal), hairpins; beaver incisor chisel; and a drilled animal canine. A large bone fish hook found in 1973 testing is also illustrated.
Extraction, Purification, Optimization, and Application of Galactomannan-Based Edible Coating Formulations for Guava Using Response Surface Methodology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Galactomannan from fenugreek and guar seeds were extracted, purified, and used in edible coatings, optimized via response surface methodology. The results showed that the emulsifying capacity and stability of fenugreek galactomannan (FG) and guar galactomannan (GG) increased with increase in the concentration of galactomannan up to 0.5–1%. The average optimized values of FG and GG in edible coatings were predicted to be 1.71% and 2.11% for weight loss, 0.72% and 2.14% for firmness, 1.02% and 1.44% for TSS, 0.83% and 1.36% for pH, 1.03% and 1.44% for acidity, respectively. Significant decrease in weight loss and maximum retention of firmness was observed in coated guava. The TSS increased up to a certain storage period in all treatments and decreased as the storage period progressed, whereas pH exhibited an increasing trend while a significant decrease in acidity was observed. The findings revealed that the shelf life of guava could considerably be improved by incorporating 1.24% galactomannan from GG and 1.01% from FG in the edible coating.
P182 AORTIC VASCULAR BIOMARKERS FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF PLACENTAL SYNDROMES DURING PREGNANCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Placental syndromes (PS) cause over 14 million complications and the death of more than 350,000 women each year. Women with preeclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH) typically exhibit late gestational acute brachial hypertension, making early intervention difficult. Non-invasive aortic waveform assessments provide nuanced insight to global cardiovascular function. Our objective is to delineate cardiovascular differences between complicated and normotensive pregnancies (NP), to identify early vascular markers of at-risk women. Methods: A systematic search (March 2024) for studies reporting both NP and PS pregnancies was performed across five databases: PubMed; Medline; CINAHL Complete; Web of Science; and Scopus. Inclusion criteria required reporting before, during (trimester: T1; T2; T3), or after pregnancy (< 1 year post-delivery) of at least one of the following vascular biomarkers from aortic pulse pressure waveform: aortic systolic blood pressure (aSBP); aortic pulse pressure (aPP); augmentation index normalised to a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx@75); or arterial stiffness measured by carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). A meta-analysis of continuous random-effects model calculated Hedges’ g with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The systematic search yielded 19 studies. Analysis depicted PS having significantly higher aggregated measures than NP throughout pregnancy (p <0.001) and a stronger effect size of AIx@75, aSBP, cfPWV in each trimester [T1, Hedges g 1.4(CI .64 - 2.0); T2, 1.1(CI .64 - 1.5); T3, 3.4(CI 2.1 – 4.6) p<0.001]. Overall, cfPWV had the highest effect size particularly during T1 and T3 [T1, 2.8(CI 2.5 – 3.1); T2, 1.7(CI 1.2 – 2.1); T3, 5.3(CI 4.6 – 5.9)]. Low aPP reporting allowed only analysis of T3 which showed similar effect sizes to other markers [3.14(CI 1.23 – 5.05)]. Conclusions: Early indication of PS was quantifiable from vascular biomarkers, along with each trimester of pregnancy being elevated compared to NP. Pulse wave analysis and arterial stiffness assessment could enhance risk assessment from as early as the first trimester, improving and informing prenatal care.
Correlators of Hopf Wilson loops in the AdS/CFT correspondence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study at quantum level correlators of supersymmetric Wilson loops with contours lying on Hopf fibers of $S^3$. In $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory the strong coupling analysis can be performed using the AdS/CFT correspondence and a connected classical string surface, linking two different fibers, is presented. More precisely, the string solution describes oppositely oriented fibers with the same scalar coupling and depends on an angular parameter, interpolating between a non-BPS configuration and a BPS one. The system can be thought as an alternative deformation of the ordinary antiparallel lines giving the static quark-antiquark potential, that is indeed correctly reproduced, at weak and strong coupling, as the fibers approach one another.
Predicting Toxicity from Gene Expression with Neural Networks

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We train a neural network to predict chemical toxicity based on gene expression data. The input to the network is a full expression profile collected either in vitro from cultured cells or in vivo from live animals. The output is a set of fine grained predictions for the presence of a variety of pathological effects in treated animals. When trained on the Open TG-GATEs database it produces good results, outperforming classical models trained on the same data. This is a promising approach for efficiently screening chemicals for toxic effects, and for more accurately evaluating drug candidates based on preclinical data.
Some New Ways of Analyzing MANOVA Data in a Post Hoc Context

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the multivariate statistical procedure, MANOVA, in a non-traditional way unfamiliar to most educational researchers. Whereas traditional way of using MANOVA has been viewed only as a preliminary test for safeguarding the experimentwise type I error rate for conducting the individual univariate tests, the non-traditional way as presented in this paper seeks to explain the grouping variable effect in a truely ”multivariate” framework. A challenge was made to the logic of traditional use of MANOVA with respect to both experimentwise type I error rate and statistical power.It was argued that all traditional MANOVA follow-up procedures fail to interpret the MANOVA effect in a multivariate context. For remedying the traditional procedures, some extensions were proposed through the use of discriminant analysis statistical procedure. These extensions were made in three perspectives: searching for underlying dimensions, determining relative variable importance, and conducting multivariate group contrasts.Finally, the techniques discussed in the paper were used to illustrate a real life research scenario. The example study attempts to investigate the differences of opinion as expressed by community residents, teachers, and school principals in a recent mail survey in Hualien area. Our analyses indicated that two underlying attitudes were present which could be accountable for the differences of opinion among these three categories of people: an apathetic attitude toward school-community relationship and the attitude toward schools providing extra-curriculum services for the community residents. None of our findings could have been reached with the traditional MANOVA follow-up procedures.
The Prognosis of Pneumonia in Infancy and Childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Some ankle sprains hide important lesions beyond the classic lateral ligament complex injuries. The lateral inverted osteochondral fracture of the talus (LIFT) represents a rare osteochondral lesion, whose diagnosis relies on a high clinical suspicion followed by correct image study interpretation. We present a successful arthroscopic fixation of a LIFT lesion in a 45-year-old active man. At 8 months follow-up, the patient was pain free and able to return to his daily activities without limitation. The imagiological study showed osteochondral fragment consolidation with no signs of hardware failure. This midterm results reassemble the need for early diagnosis and correct treatment to achieve a good outcome in these complex and rare osteochondral lesions.
Modeling and Characterization of cMUT-based Devices Applied to Galvanic Isolation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a new way of using cMUT technology: galvanic isolation for power electronics. These devices work like acoustic transformers, except that piezoelectricity is replaced by cMUT technology. Primary and secondary circuits are two cMUT-based transducers respectively layered on each side of a silicon substrate, through which the ultrasonic triggering signal is transmitted. A specific model based on a commercial finite element code was implemented to simulate these devices. A particular attention was paid on the modeling of the cMUT/substrate coupling which is a key feature for the intended application. First experimental results performed for model validation are presented here and discussed.