jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of the reflective activist in nurturing children’s learner identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter argues that an early education educator – in this case based in England and called 'an early education practitioner' – enhances their own professional practice and the education of young children by adopting a critical stance towards their practice. It focuses on reflective professional practice and uses the term 'reflective activism', a concept that emerged from published research and conceptual interrogation by Hanson and Appleby. 'Reflective activism' was perceived as deriving from a sense of professional responsibility for improving the quality of provision for children and families. The concept of reflective activism, and its potential impact for educators and children, is critically examined through the lived experience of the early education practitioners with different professional learning journeys, personal perspectives and ways of expressing them. The chapter examines the impact of the practitioners' learner identity as reflective activists on their disposition to nurture children's learner identity in their practice.
Canada and Arctic North America: An Environmental History

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Between the arrival of the first humans tens of thousands of years ago and the activities of mining and logging companies in the present, the environment of the North American Arctic has been shaped by people and their activities. Canada and Arctic North America is the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary environmental history of Canada - exploring the complex interplay between human societies and northern North America, from the Aleutian Islands to the Grand Banks, and from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Islands."--BOOK JACKET.
Does Urbanization Boost Pollution from Transport?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study examines the impacts of urbanization, energy consumption and real GDP on atmospheric pollution from automobile transport in Azerbaijan in the STIRPAT framework. Since the study uses time series variables the unit root properties of employed variables are tested for non-stationarity. Stationarity of the data is tested using conventional Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. The study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lags Bounds Testing (ARDLBT) approach to co-integration. This method is one of the most preferable approaches among alternatives in the case of small samples. Estimation results indicated that the variables are cointegrated, in another word there is a long-run relationship among them. In order to test the quality of the model residuals of the model are tested for the serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and normality. The model is checked for model misspecification and stability. The results of all abovementioned tests are found to be adequate. The highest impact on pollution among the variables belongs to urbanization which is found to be positive and statistically significant. Energy consumption also has a positive and statistically significant impact on emission. The results also confirm that sustainable development can be reached only keeping the balance among environmental, social and economic factors. Findings of the study may be useful in making appropriate decisions in the fields of diminishing atmospheric pollution from automobile transport caused by urbanization related issues.
Did Jesus Die by Suffocation?: An Appraisal of the Evidence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A majority of medical and lay articles regarding crucifixion, and specifically the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, now state that suffocation was the primary cause of death from crucifixion. An in-depth analysis reveals that this theory is based on a form of torture unrelated to crucifixion and that no evidence directly linking suffocation to crucifixion has been published. Indeed, a thorough review of available ancient evidence from literature, artwork, graffiti, and modern archeology and re-enactment studies reveals no evidence in favor of suffocation and much evidence against suffocation as the cause of death in typically-portrayed crucifixions, and particularly for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Researchers are encouraged to look elsewhere for the most likely cause or causes of death from crucifixion. It may be time to abandon the idea that suffocation was the primary cause of death in crucifixion.
Religiosity and health outcomes: review of literature.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research into a connection between religiosity and health was neglected in scientific circles until recently. However, the interest in interactions between religiosity and mental and physical health has started to grow lately. A large proportion of published empirical data suggest that religious commitment shows positive associations with better mental and physical health outcomes. There are relatively few studies showing no effect or negative effect of religiosity on health outcomes. Despite somewhat inconclusive empirical evidence, because of the difficulties encountered in studying the topic, this area is worth of further investigation. The article reviews the literature on epidemiological and clinical studies regarding the relationship between religiosity and mental and physical health. The mentioned issues are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.
Cost and Time Analysis Using The Earned Value Method In The Construction of Villa Kandya House, Ubud, Bali

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Kandya House Villa Construction project in Ubud, Bali, there was a delay with a time deviation of -11.97%. This delay has the potential to cause the completion time of the work, which according to the contract is scheduled for 53 weeks, to be exceeded. To evaluate the time and cost performance in this project, the Earned Value method was used. This method utilizes three main indicators, namely Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP), Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP), and Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS). The results of the analysis show that the project time performance has decreased, characterized by a Schedule Variance (SV) value of -Rp 375,265,411.62. This value reflects a significant difference between planned and completed work. In addition, the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) was recorded at 0.772, which means that time efficiency only reached 77.2% of the planned schedule. As a result, the projected completion of work using the Estimate to Schedule (ETS) and Estimate at Schedule (EAS) indicators increased to 421 days or equivalent to 60.090 weeks, far exceeding the contract duration. In terms of cost, the analysis shows suboptimal performance, with a Cost Variance (CV) value of -Rp 48,700,590.06. This indicates that the actual costs incurred were higher than the planned budget for the completed work. In addition, the Cost Performance Index (CPI) value was recorded at 0.963, which means that the efficiency of budget utilization only reached 96.3%.
Preparation of BSA-ELISA Kit for Zearalenone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To prepare the BSA-ELISA kit for zearalenone(ZEN). Methods The BSA-ELISA kit for ZEN was prepared and evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and stability. Results The prepared kit showed high specificity to ZEN, and its detection range, sensitivity, inter-CV, intra-CV were 0. 012 5 ~ 192. 000 0 ng / ml, 0. 012 5 ng / ml, 1. 8% ~ 3. 1% and 4. 5% ~ 8. 8% respectively. The mean recovery rates of ZEN in experimentally contaminated sausage and physiological saline specimens determined by the kit were (92. 00 ± 2. 71)% and (85. 02 ± 4. 33)% respectively. The kit may be stored at 4℃ for 4 months, and at -20℃ for 6 months. Conclusion A highly specific, sensitive, precise and accurate BSA-ELISA kit for ZEN was suc- cessfully prepared.
Real-world effectiveness and safety of nirsevimab, RSV maternal vaccine and RSV vaccines for older adults: a living systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The long-acting monoclonal antibody nirsevimab and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines became available for prevention of severe RSV-associated disease in 2023. While clinical trials showed good efficacy and safety, their restrictive inclusion criteria, small sample sizes and short follow-up limit generalisability. We aimed to summarise real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of nirsevimab, RSV maternal vaccine and RSV vaccines for older adults. Methods A living systematic review and meta-analysis, with 5 monthly updated searches in three databases was performed. Eligible studies were published from 1 December 2022 to 10 March 2025. Meta-analyses for the effectiveness of nirsevimab and RSV vaccines were carried out using random-effects model. Safety data were summarised narratively. Results A total of 50 publications, covering approximately 7.6 million people, were included. Nirsevimab showed 80.7% effectiveness (95% CI: 75.7% to 85.7%; seven studies) against RSV-related emergency department visits, 80.7% (95% CI: 76.1% to 85.2%; 17 studies) against hospital admissions and 75.6% (95% CI: 63.3% to 87.9%; eight studies) against intensive care unit admissions. The effectiveness of RSV vaccines for older adults against RSV-related hospital admissions was 79.6% (95% CI: 73.8% to 85.3; three studies). No effectiveness data were available for RSV maternal vaccine. No severe adverse events were reported for nirsevimab, while RSV vaccines in older adults had fewer than 10 Guillain-Barré syndrome cases per million doses. No severe adverse events were reported for RSV maternal vaccine, although evidence was limited. Conclusions Our review demonstrated high effectiveness of nirsevimab in reducing RSV-related healthcare utilisation in infants and a favourable safety profile. More evidence is needed for evaluating RSV vaccines in pregnant people and older adults. PROSPERO registration number CRD42025643585.
Chronic Pancreatitis Preceding Pancreatic Cancer: Prevalence and Associated Factors: 2017 Presidential Poster Award

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is believed to be a risk factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PCa; RR 13.3). However, prevalence of CP and/or factors associated with CP that precede PCa are not well studied. This study utilized a national deidentified commercial insurance database to evaluate the prevalence of CP preceding PCa and factors associated with presence of CP preceding PCa. Methods: A national deidentified database of 15 million commercially insured US patients between January 1st 2007 and December 31st 2009 was used for the study. All patients with ICD-9 code for PCa (157.0-157.3) were identified in the database. Patient's demographics and, ICD-9 codes for CP (577.1), obesity (278.00), smoking (305.1), hepatic cirrhosis (571.2, 571.5, 571.6) and bile duct obstruction (576.2), and details about statin use were collected. Patients with age <18 years (n=61), unknown gender (n=2) or race (n=507), or medical claim for CP made >30 days after the diagnosis of PCa (n=132) were excluded. Races in the dataset that individually constituted <2% of the total population were grouped together as other races. Results: A total of 6,462 (0.043%) patients had documentation/medical claim for PCa in the dataset. 702 patients were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Final analysis included 5,760 adult patients with a medical claim for PCa and 469 (8.14%) patients had a preceding medical claim for CP (Table 1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that PCa patients with preceding CP were younger than PCa patients without CP (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.99; P<0.0001). Male gender (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.58; P<0.05), and medical claims for smoking (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.18-3.4; P<0.0001), cirrhosis (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.91-3.05; P<0.0001) and bile duct obstruction (OR 3.08, 95% CI 2.5-3.8; P<0.0001) were independently associated with a medical claim for CP preceding PCa. Hispanics with a medical claim for PCa were less likely to have a preceding medical claim for CP as compared to Caucasians (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.93; P<0.05), African-Americans (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.28-0.88; P<0.05) and other races (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.78; P<0.05; Table 2).Table: Table. Characteristics of final PCa patient population with and without CPTable: Table. Multivariate regression model of demographics and other variables in PCa patients with and without a preceding medical claim for CP*Conclusion: In patients with PCa 7.96% had a preceding documentation of CP. Younger age, male gender, smoking, cirrhosis and bile duct obstruction were independently associated with a medical claim for CP preceding PCa. Hispanics were less likely to have CP preceding PCa as compared to all other racial groups.
Types of job Match, Overeducation and Labour Mobility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Overeducation is one of the most important mechanisms for labour market adjustment when there is an excess supply of highly skilled workers. However, there is much debate about the consequences of this phenomena and the short- and long-term effects for both the overeducated worker and the economy as a whole. This book contributes to our understanding of recent developments in the research on overeducation by providing a detailed overview of the pertinent theoretical and policy issues.
Submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters The local Poisson hypothesis for solar flares

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The question of whether flares occur as a Poisson process has important consequences for flare physics. Recently Lepreti et al. presented evidence for local departure from Poisson statistics in the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) X-ray flare catalog. Here it is argued that this effect arises from a selection effect inherent in the soft X-ray observations; namely that the slow decay of enhanced flux following a large flare makes detection of subsequent flares less likely. It is also shown that the power-law tail of the GOES waiting-time distribution varies with the solar cycle. This counts against any intrinsic significance to the appearance of a power law, or to the value of its index.
VECTOR OF SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS IN THE TECHNOLOGIES CREATION OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX FUTURE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article is devoted to some aspects of creating technologies for the future agricultural sector of Russia. The focus is on a synergistic approach to the development of complex self-organizing technological systems for food production. The range of issues discussed includes: conditions for an innovative technological breakthrough into the future of the agro-industrial complex, a dialectic model of technological development, the prospect of a new industrialization of the agro-industrial complex, the possible economic effect of creating end-to-end agri-food technologies, and the particularities of the transition from the Fourth to the Fifth technological structure in the Russian agro-industrial complex. Particular attention is paid to the dialectical method of technology development, which complicates their structure while simplifying the functioning processes. The theory of self-organization or synergetics (from the Greek "joint action") begins to form a strategy for the front line of science, this is the basis for creating future technologies. The term “synergetics” has two meanings: the first shows how a system (whole) has new properties, characteristics, strategies that its elements (parts) do not possess; the second is an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem, which requires the joint efforts of scientists - natural scientists, humanities, mathematicians, engineers, and managers. The solution to many problems requires not so much a system analysis as a system synthesis, which should be reflected in the creation of end-to-end, mutually adaptable manufacturing and processing technologies of the agricultural sector. And it is precisely synergetics allows us to comprehend, describe, develop appropriate models of self-organization processes in non-linear media. The article is uses the development of famous scientists in the field of philosophy of science and technology: R.F. Abdeeva, A.N. Averyanova, R.G. Barantseva, I.V. Blauberg, N. Wiener, E.N. Knyazeva, S.P. Kurdyumova, G.G. Malinetskogo, I.R. Prigogine, G. Haken, C. Shannon.
Politicians

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emergence of nation states early in the social history of humanity was usually the result of the ability of one or more individuals to successfully wage war on people. The winner would be appointed as the head of state, usually the monarch or emperor. Having come to power, the usual outcome was the individual would seek to ensure that, upon their death, succession would pass to their male heir. Within this system, the monarch or emperor retained absolute control over the population by passing laws and a willingness to use violence or the threat of violence to ensure that there was no effective opposition. Although this leader held absolute power, in many cases their decisions were influenced or determined by a small group of advisors, who were typically granted titles and given tracts of lands (or 'estates') to ensure their loyalty.
Board gender diversity and performance in family firms: exploring the faultline of family ties

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Using a sample of 1134 firm-year observations of non-financial family firms listed on the Spanish stock market in the period 2003–2020, we explore how women directors affect company performance, distinguishing between family and non-family female members on the board. We believe there might be faultlines between family and non-family women on boards that may well impair performance due to differences in agency conflicts and socioemotional links with the family firm. As the number of female family directors grows, we reveal that conflicts with non-family sub-groups become more prevalent, impairing firm performance. Opening boards to non-family women does, however, seem to be an effective way of enhancing firm performance when there is a critical mass of female directors. The results are robust to alternative measures of board gender diversity and different econometric specifications.
A Dichotomous Search for a Geometric Random Variable

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We are given a two-state system that starts in state 0, ends in state 1, and makes a single transition from state 0 to state 1 during N periods. If the system is in state 0, it moves to state 1 in the next period with a known positive time-independent probability. Once it reaches state 1, it remains there. By observing the state of the system at some intermediate period, we can learn whether this transition occurred earlier or not. An optimal search strategy minimizes the expected number of observations needed to locate the exact transition time. In this paper we show how to compute efficiently and how to approximate the optimal strategy. Applications to the problem arise in the areas of quality control and maintenance of communication and supply lines.
[Meningoencephalitis due to Rickettsia conorii. Etiopathological, clinical and diagnostic aspects].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Boutonneuse fever (BF) is usually considered to be a benign rickettsiosis. However, severe presentations, resembling Rocky Mountain spotted fever, have been reported. There are few neurological complications, except in serious forms of the disease. We present a case of meningoencephalitis in a male adult suffering from BF, and we review the clinical, etiopathogenic and diagnostic aspects among the cases previously reported. We conclude that BF encephalitis would have the following characteristics: a) they mostly affect elderly males; b) they cause altered consciousness level, headaches and low rate of meningeal signs; c) absence of "tâche noir"; d) cerebrospinal fluid with slight pleocytosis and/or increased level of proteins, and normal glucose values; e) computerized tomography without significative changes, and f) high rate of morbidity and mortality. We emphasize that we should consider BF in the differential diagnosis of our environmental encephalitis.
Towards reducing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Women of child bearing age in Africa are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection, and this has led to an increase in the number of paediatric HIV infections reported due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. Various approaches to prevent or reduce MTCT have been established. These include elective Caesarean section delivery, avoidance of breastfeeding and antiretroviral therapy. For these strategies to be put in place, effective voluntary and confidential HIV counseling and testing for pregnant women should be implemented in African countries. Prevention of MTCT should also be considered as part of the wider management of maternal and infant health during prenatal, delivery and postnatal care. This review attempts to bring into focus the various strategies for a reduction in MTCT with special emphasis on the problems encountered in Africa. Key Words: HIV, Reducing perinatal transmission Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 2002; 29: 55-60.
Inverse data envelopment analysis with stochastic data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The inverse Data Envelopment Analysis (InvDEA) is an exciting and significant topic in the DEA area. Also, uncertain data in various real-life applications can degrade the efficiency results. The current work addresses the InvDEA in the presence of stochastic data. Under maintaining the efficiency score, the inputs/outputs-estimation problem is investigated when some or all of its outputs/inputs increase. A novel optimality concept for multiple-objective programming problems, stochastic (weak) Pareto optimality in the level of significance α ∈[0,1], is introduced to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for input/output estimation. Furthermore, the performance of the developed theory in a banking sector application is verified.
Epitaxial Formation Mechanism of Multilayer TiO2 Films with Ordered Accessible Vertical Nanopores by Evaporation-Driven Assembly

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surfactant-templated mesoporous titania (TiO<sub>2</sub>) films have excellent physical and electronic properties, but some potential applications require films thicker than the 100-200 nm typically prepared by sol-gel coating. In this paper, the mechanism of forming micron-thick TiO<sub>2</sub> films with vertically oriented nanopore channels by a layer-by-layer deposition technique (up to eight 125 nm-thick layers) is investigated. <em>In situ</em> grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) performed on successive layers of Pluronic F127-templated films reveals if and how epitaxially oriented layers form during aging at 4 °C. At 78% relative humidity (RH), films cast onto substrates modified with crosslinked F127 maintain (011)-oriented $Im\\bar{3}m$ cubic mesophase order, whereas micelles on unmodified glass lose their preferred orientation, leading to the observation of an arc in GISAXS attributed to an anisotropic micelle structure. A similar arc from randomly oriented domains is found at low RH (38%) regardless of substrate modification. Avrami model analysis shows that each oriented epitaxial layer followed formation kinetics with the same order (n=1.8±0.3) and half-life (10-20 min). Cross-sectional electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy of the films after calcination at 400 °C show the formation of continuous, accessible vertical pore channels by micelle fusion for mesophases properly oriented by initial substrate modification.