jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Universal trend of charge radii of even-even Ca–Zn nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Radii of nuclear charge distributions carry information about the strong and electromagnetic forces acting inside the atomic nucleus. While the global behavior of nuclear charge radii is governed by the bulk properties of nuclear matter, their local trends are affected by quantum motion of proton and neutron nuclear constituents. The measured differential charge radii $δ\langle r^2_c\rangle$ between neutron numbers $N=28$ and $N=40$ exhibit a universal pattern as a function of $n=N-28$ that is independent of the atomic number. Here we analyze this remarkable behavior in even-even nuclei from calcium to zinc using two state-of-the-art theories based on quantified nuclear interactions: the ab-initio coupled cluster theory and nuclear density functional theory. Both theories reproduce the smooth rise of differential charge radii and their weak dependence on the atomic number. By considering a large set of isotopic chains, we show that this trend can be captured by just two parameters: the slope and curvature of ${δ\langle r^2_c\rangle(n)}$. We demonstrate that these parameters show appreciable model dependence, and the statistical analysis indicates that they are not correlated with any single model property, i.e., they are impacted by both bulk nuclear properties as well as shell structure.
Developing a Model for Religious Tolerance Management Among University Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Religious tolerance is a critical aspect of student development, particularly in diverse educational environments. This study focuses on developing a Religious Tolerance Management Model at Baitul Arqom, Muhammadiyah Mataram University (UMMAT), to promote tolerance among students. The research employs the Dick and Carey system design and a Research and Development (RD) approach. The study involves systematic stages, including model design, flowchart creation, and the development of modules as final outputs. The resulting Religious Tolerance Management Model comprises specific objectives, indicators, training goals, learning materials, and instructional methods. Key components include: (1) the basics of religious tolerance, (2) student religious tolerance, (3) multiculturalism in religion, (4) tolerance and pluralism, (5) management model design, (6) implementation strategies, and (7) follow-up mechanisms. The model focuses on fostering tolerance attitudes, emphasizing organizing group behaviors and mobilizing peer engagement. By implementing the proposed model, Baitul Arqom participants demonstrated improved abilities to organize and influence others in fostering religious tolerance. The structured module design facilitates practical learning steps, time allocation, and assessment to ensure effective outcomes. The study successfully develops a Religious Tolerance Management Model that enhances student attitudes toward religious tolerance at UMMAT. This model serves as a valuable framework for promoting harmony and pluralistic understanding in higher education institutions.
Foreign Accent, Comprehensibility, and Intelligibility in the Speech of Second Language Learners

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

One of the chief goals of most second language learners is to be understood in their second language by a wide range of interlocutors in a variety of contexts. Although a nonnative accent can sometimes interfere with this goal, prior to the publication of this study, second language researchers and teachers alike were aware that an accent itself does not necessarily act as a communicative barrier. Nonetheless, there had been very little empirical investigation of how the presence of a nonnative accent affects intelligibility, and the notions of “heavy accent” and “low intelligibility” had often been confounded. Some of the key findings of the study—that even heavily accented speech is sometimes perfectly intelligible and that prosodic errors appear to be a more potent force in the loss of intelligibility than phonetic errors—added support to some common, but weakly substantiated beliefs. The study also provided a framework for a program of research to evaluate the ways in which such factors as intelligibility and comprehensibility are related to a number of other dimensions. The authors have extended and replicated the work begun in this study to include learners representing other L1 backgrounds (Cantonese, Japanese, Polish, Spanish) and different levels of learner proficiency, as well as other discourse types (Derwing & Munro, 1997; Munro & Derwing, 1995). Further support for the notion that accent itself should be regarded as a secondary concern was obtained in a study of processing difficulty (Munro & Derwing, 1995), which revealed that nonnative utterances tend to require more time to process than native‐produced speech, but failed to indicate a relationship between strength of accent and processing time. The approach to L2 speech evaluation used in this study has also proved useful in investigations of the benefits of different methods of teaching of pronunciation to ESL learners. In particular, it is now clear that learner assessments are best carried out with attention to the multidimensional nature of L2 speech, rather than with a simple focus on global accentedness. It has been shown, for instance, that some pedagogical methods may be effective in improving intelligibility while others may have an effect only on accentedness (Derwing, Munro, & Wiebe,1998).
Assessment of Cross-Reactivity in Three Different Fecal Occult Blood Test Systems with Dabigatran and Dabigatran Etexilate: Identification of Useful Test Methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4360 Anticoagulant therapy can elevate the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and may affect its management. Fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) are non-invasive, widely-used tests that may be useful in detecting early and thus treatable stages of GI lesions or bleeding in patients on these therapies. The literature suggests that use of anticoagulants does not diminish the positive predictive value of FOBT, however a potential limitation and concern of these tests is the possibility for drug interactions with test components which may lead to false results. Dabigatran is a new oral, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor currently approved for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran etexilate (DE) is the prodrug of the active ingredient dabigatran, and is converted by non-specific esterases in plasma and liver to dabigatran. Approximately 6.5% of DE in Pradaxa® is bioavailable and absorbed in the gut with the remaining eliminated in the feces. The purpose of this study was to investigate any potential cross-reactivity of dabigatran, DE or Pradaxa® with three commonly-used commercial FOBTs with different detection methods. Common methods of detection in FOBTs used worldwide include guaiac oxidation in hemoccult tests, immunochromatographic methods with a membrane strip precoated with hemoglobin antibody, or the benzamidine method where heme in hemoglobin induces a blue/green color change. Examples of each method were tested. The Hemoccult II® SENSA® (Beckman Coulter Inc.), EZ DETECT (Biomerica Inc.), and BioNexia® Hb/Hp Complex Professionell (FROST Diagnostika GmbH) FOBT were used for this study and all tests were conducted according to manufacturer's protocol. DE, dabigatran or the contents of a single Pradaxa® capsule were suspended in a 0.5% cellulose solution. Vehicle solution was used as negative control and human blood used as a positive control. Isolated human blood samples generated positive results as expected in all three FOBTs whereas the negative controls did not. Exposure to DE, dabigatran or Pradaxa® suspensions did not result in positive readouts with any detection method of the tested FOBTs. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the prodrug DE and its active drug form dabigatran, as well as any further excipients in the Pradaxa® formulation do not cross-react with a set of commonly-used fecal occult blood tests. This supports the usefulness of these 3 tests in dabigatran etexilate-treated patients. Disclosures: Goss: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Employment. van Ryn:Boehringer Ingelheim: Employment. Schurer:Boehringer Ingelheim: Employment. Clemens:Boehringer Ingelheim (Anticoagulant Therapy): Employment.
Biochemical and behavioral responses in carp fish exposed to tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222) as anesthetic drug under transport conditions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effects of Tricaine methane‐sulfonate (MS-222) at concentration 150mg/l for one hour as an anesthetic agent to reduce the stress conditions during transfer the fish. Forty fish (Cyprinus carpio) were divide in to four groups: the 1st is control group (fish without both transfer and anesthesia), the 2nd group (fish transfer without anesthesia), the 3rd group (fish anesthesia without transfer) and the 4th group (fish transfer with anesthesia). The induction time reached to 3 minutes while the recovery time take at lasted for 7 to 10 minutes. Furthermore, the cortisol was significantly decreased in fish serum in both anesthetized groups that were transferred or that were left in the pond without transmission in compare to control groups (both transfer and without transfer fish). The glucose level rose significantly (P <0.05) in the serum of fish in both 3rd and 4th groups in compare to control groups. There was no difference in hematological parameters (hemoglobin and packed cell volume), blood sodium ion concentration, and enzyme activity represented by Alanine amino transferase in all groups while level of creatinine phosphate was decrease significantly in both groups 2nd and 3ed in compare to 1st group. It can be concluded that tricaine methane‐sulfonate stimulates the recovery and shortens the time of induction and reduces the stress condition caused by fish transport.
Effects of Sericin Pretreatment on the Expression of Pancreatic Islet Cell Proteins in Diabetes Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effects of sericin pretreatment on the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,insulin and neuropeptide Y(NPY) protein of pancreatic islet cells in diabetes rats.Methods Thirty six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal group,model group and sericin group.Model group and sericin group were established by intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin(STZ).Blood glucose(BG)≥16.7 mmol/L was taken as the standard of successful modelization.The rats in sericin group were lavaged with sericin for 35 days before STZ injection.The enzymic method was used to measure BG.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 protein in the pancreas were observed by Western blot.The expressions of insulin and NPY protein in the pancreatic islet cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with rats in model group,rats in sericin group had significantly reduced BG,Bax and NPY expressions in the pancreatic islet cells(P 0.01);on the other hand,Bcl-2 and insulin expressions in the pancreatic islet cells of the sericin group increased obviously(P 0.01).Conclusion Sericin pretreatment can inhibit the apoptosis of pancreatic islet β cells,up-regulate insulin protein and down-regulate NPY protein,which finally leads to satisfactory apotropaic effects on the diabetes rats.
Plasma Levels of Lipoprotein(a) Are Elevated in Patients with the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The mechanisms underlying clinical abnormalities associated with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) have not been elucidated. We measured plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], the active form of plasminogen activator inhibitor (active PAI), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and soluble thrombomodulin (TM), to investigate the relationship of these factors to thrombotic events in APAS. Mean plasma levels of Lp(a), TAT, active PAI and TM were all significantly higher in patients with aPL than in a control group of subjects. Plasma levels of Lp(a) and active PAI were significantly higher in patients with aPL and arterial thromboses than in patients with aPL but only venous thromboses. There was a significant correlation between plasma levels of Lp(a) and active PAI in patients with aPL. These findings suggest that patients with aPL are in hypercoagulable state. High levels of Lp(a) in plasma may impair the fibrinolytic system resulting in thromboses, especially in the arterial system.
Production and costs: chain saw felling in hardwood thinnings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four overstocked hardwood stands in the mountains of central West Virginia were thinned to 60% stocking density (75% for one stand) by 3-man crews using chainsaws for felling and preparing tree-length logs. Felling cycle times and tree measurement data were recorded for more than 900 trees in the four stands. Productive time per tree included all activities from walking to the tree to lopping tops and slash. Total felling time was the sum of productive time and delay time per tree. Eight reasons for delay were identified and calculated per tree. Production rates were determined from tree volume and felling times per tree for given distances between successively felled trees. Production costs were calculated; the 2 principal costs were feller's wages and benefits and equipment costs. Chainsaw felling costs were $1.43/ton for this study. 3 references.
Discussion of “Nonlinear Analysis of Stress and Strain in Soils”

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

MAJTENYI. THE AUTHORS HAVE PRESENTED AN EXCELLENT APPLICATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP OBTAINED FROM TRIAXIAL TESTS FOR A FINITE ELEMENT COMPUTER ANALYSIS. WITHOUT COMMENTING FURTHER ON THE GENERAL ASPECTS OF THIS NEW METHOD IN SOILS ENGINEERING, THE WRITER WOULD LIKE TO LIMIT HIMSELF TO THE TOPIC OF THE INITIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY. EQ. 5 AND THE INTERPRETATION OF THE MINOR PRINCIPAL STRESS IN TRIAXIAL TESTS SUGGEST THAT THE INITIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY TENDS TO BECOME ZERO AS THE CONFINING PRESSURE DECREASES TO ZERO. IN OTHER WORDS, AN UNCONFINED MATERIAL DOES NOT OFFER RESISTANCE TO DEFORMATION IN COMPRESSION, THIS CONDITION IS ONLY TRUE FOR LOOSE COHESIONLESS MATERIALS. COMPACTED AND COHESIVE SOILS DO NOT BEHAVE IN THIS MANNER, AS IS SHOWN IN A SERIES OF EQUATIONS. DESAI AND HOLLOWAY. THE AUTHORS SHOULD BE COMPLIMENTED FOR PRESENTING A GENERAL AND USEFUL FORMULATION FOR FUNCTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF NONLINEAR STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES. THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS DISCUSSION IS TO SUGGEST THE POSSIBILITY OF AN ALTERNATIVE FUNCTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF NONLINEAR STRESS-STRAIN CURVES. THIS ALTERNATIVE IS BASED ON INTERPOLATION BY USING THE SPLINE FUNCTIONS. THE SPLINE FUNCTION CONSISTS OF A NUMBER OF POLYNOMIALS JOINED TOGETHER SUCH THAT THE INTERSECTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE POLYNOMIALS ARE AS SMOOTH AS THEY CAN BE MADE WITHOUT RESORTING TO A SINGLE POLYNOMIAL OVER THE COMPLETE RANGE. MOREOVER, THE SPLINE FUNCION PROVIDES CLOSER AND SMOOTHER VARIATIONS TO THE FUNCTION ITSELF AND ALSO TO ITS LOWER ORDER DERIVATIVES THAN A POLYNOMIAL. THE FITTING OF A SPLINE FUNCTION PROVIDES AN ANALYTICAL CURVE SIMILAR TO ONE OBTAINED BY USING A MECHANICAL SPLINE OR A FRENCH CURVE. /AUTHOR/
A Case of Protothecosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は71歳, 男性, 福岡県久留米市在住. 1992年1月中旬に右前腕に表皮剥離, ビランを生じ近医皮膚科を受診した. 生検にて真皮内にPAS染色陽性の真菌類似の細胞を多数認めたために, 久留米大学病院皮膚科に紹介された. 初診時, 右手関節から前腕伸側にかけて隆起性紅斑局面があり, 表面に鱗屑および痂皮を認めた. 痂皮の直接鏡検にて円形で胞子様の細胞を多数認めた. 組織学的に表皮の偽癌性増殖および真皮内に肉芽腫の形成があり, PAS染色およびグロコット染色陽性の細胞を多数認めた. 組織片をサブローブドウ糖寒天培地にて室温で培養し, カンジダに類似した白色クリーム状のコロニーを分離した. 分離株の塗抹標本では細胞内に娘細胞を形成する特徴的な形態を認めた. 分離株の形態ならびに糖利用試験の結果より本分離株をPrototheca wickerhamii Tubaki et Soneda 1959と同定した. 以上より本症をプロトテコーシスと診断した. プロトテコーシスは無葉緑素藻類であるプロトテカにより生じる稀な感染症であり, 本邦でもその報告は自験例を含めて9例のみである.
[Surface cleaning of cemented orthopedic implants with conservation of surface properties].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prior to the analysis of explanted cemented orthopedic implants, complete removal of foreign material, blood and residual tissue and thorough cleaning of the surface without compromising its characteristics is essential. We describe a reprocessing procedure comprising the following 4 steps: 1) retrieval and storage, 2) removal of residual bone cement, 3) chemical cleaning in an enzymatic solution, and 4) mechanical cleaning in an ultrasound bath.
On the Need to Clarify the Methods of Evaluating the Tracts Sound Quality Through the Psychoacoustic Criteria Application

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this article, the electrical indicators connection of the sound tracts quality used in modern measurement methods and psychoacoustic indicators of the subjective assessment potential are considered. A recommendation on the need to apply psychoacoustic assessment criteria is given as not all of them used in subjective assessment of the sound tracts quality can be measured using objective techniques
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by Metal−Oxo Complexes:  Understanding the Analogy with Organic Radical Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Atom Abstraction by Metal−Oxo Complexes: Understanding the Analogy with Organic Radical ReactionsJames M. MayerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 8, 441–450Publication Date (Web):May 13, 1998Publication History Received4 November 1997Published online13 May 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970171hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970171hresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5585Altmetric-Citations496LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Hydrogen abstraction,Oxidation,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Gorod i gorodskaia zhizn v Rossii XIXstoletiia: Sotsial'nye i kul'turnye aspekty. By L. V Koshman. Moscow: Rossiiskaia politicheskaia entsiklopediia (ROSSPEN), 2008. 431 pp. Notes. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Hard bound.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gorod i gorodskaia zhizn v Rossii XIXstoletiia: Sotsial'nye i kul'turnye aspekty. By L. V Koshman. Moscow: Rossiiskaia politicheskaia entsiklopediia (ROSSPEN), 2008. 431 pp. Notes. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Hard bound. - Volume 69 Issue 2
Effect of ondansetron on spinal induced hypotension in caesarean deliveries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique of anesthesia employed for caesarean sections. However, it is very often complicated by hypotension. Different drugs and techniques have been used to prevent the hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia. In this study, the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia was evaluated. Objectives: To determine the effect of prophylactic ondansetron on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methodology: Eighty-six parturients planned for elective caesarean deliveries were randomized into two groups of 43 each. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg (4 ml) and Group S received Normal Saline (4 ml) intravenously 10 minutes prior to spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, phenylephrine requirements, occurrence of nausea and vomiting and APGAR scores of neonates were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for intergroup comparison and ANOVA was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. For all determinants, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Occurrence of hypotension in Group O (20.9 %) was significantly lower than in Group S (72.1%) (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Group O at 2, 6, 8, 12 and 14 minutes (p < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine (37.21 mcg vs. 146.51 mcg, p < 0.05) and occurrence of nausea (11.6%, vs. 41.9% p < 0.002) was significantly lower in ondansetron group. Conclusion: Ondansetron is effective in preventing spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean sections.
Asymptotic profiles for a nonlinear Kirchhoff equation with combined powers nonlinearity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study asymptotic behavior of positive ground state solutions of the nonlinear Kirchhoff equation $$ -\Big(a+b\int_{\mathbb R^N}|\nabla u|^2\Big)Δu+ λu= u^{q-1}+ u^{p-1} \quad {\rm in} \ \mathbb R^N, $$ as $λ\to 0$ and $λ\to +\infty$, where $N=3$ or $N= 4$, $20$, $b\ge 0$ are constants and $λ>0$ is a parameter. In particular, we prove that in the case $2
Premenstrual disorders: Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recently, the term premenstrual disorders (PMDs), which includes premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder as a continuum, has been proposed. Although the precise etiology of PMDs remains unknown, the involvement of hormonal fluctuations is clear. The brain transmitters, serotonin and γ‐amino butyric acid, also seem to be involved. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and oral contraceptives are the current mainstay of treatment, but these are insufficient. Even the currently used prospective two‐period symptom diary is not widely used in actual clinical practice, creating a major problem of discrepancy between research and clinical practice. In this review, I would like to outline the latest information and problems in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PMDs, with an emphasis on promising new therapies.
Gordon and Mike's ICT Podcast: Emerging Broadband Technologies With A Wireless Focus

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gordon and Mike's ICT Podcast offers perspectives on the information and communication technologies (ICT) industries from Gordon Snyder and Mike Qaissaunee. In this podcast, Mike and Gordon take a look at the emergence of both broadband and wireless technologies that has occurred over the past 20 years. Running time for the show is 25:44.This podcast is available for direct download in mp3 format from the Libsyn site, and the entire series is available on iTunes.