jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures: Binding energy, Stark shift, and field-induced dissociation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photoexcited intralayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with type-II band alignment have been observed to tunnel into interlayer excitons on ultrafast timescales. Such interlayer excitons have sufficiently long lifetimes that inducing dissociation with external in-plane electric fields becomes an attractive option of improving efficiency of photocurrent devices. In the present paper, we calculate interlayer exciton binding energies, Stark shifts, and dissociation rates for six different transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) vdWHs using a numerical procedure based on exterior complex scaling (ECS). We utilize an analytical bilayer Keldysh potential describing the interaction between the electron-hole pair, and validate its accuracy by comparing to the full multilayer Poisson equation. Based on this model, we obtain an analytical weak-field expression for the exciton dissociation rate. The heterostructures analysed are MoS$_2$/MoSe$_2$, MoS$_2$/WS$_2$, MoS$_2$/WSe$_2$, MoSe$_2$/WSe$_2$, WS$_2$/MoSe$_2$, and WS$_2$/WSe$_2$ in various dielectric environments. For weak electric fields, we find that WS$_2$/WSe$_2$ supports the fastest dissociation rates among the six structures. We, furthermore, observe that exciton dissociation rates in vdWHs are significantly larger than in their monolayer counterparts.
Learning Docker

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optimize the power of Docker to run your applications quickly and easily About This BookLearn to compose, use, and publish the Docker containersLeverage the features of Docker to deploy your existing applicationsExplore real world examples of securing and managing Docker containersWho This Book Is For If you are an application developer who wants to learn Docker in order to utilize its features for application deployment, then this book is for you. No prior knowledge of Docker is required.What You Will Learn Build a Docker image using Dockerfiles Push and publish images on Docker Hub Run your own private Docker Hub and upload images onto it Create and run services inside a container to deploy your applications with ease Share data between the Docker host and containers Orchestrate multiple containers with Docker Compose Test and debug applications inside a Docker container Secure your Docker containers with SELinux In DetailDocker is a next-generation platform for simplifying application containerization life-cycle. Docker allows you to create a robust and resilient environment in which you can generate portable, composable, scalable, and stable application containers.This book is a step-by-step guide that will walk you through the various features of Docker from Docker software installation to the impenetrable security of containers. The book starts off by elucidating the installation procedure for Docker and a few troubleshooting techniques. You will be introduced to the process of downloading Docker images and running them as containers. You'll learn how to run containers as a service (CaaS) and also discover how to share data among containers. Later on, you'll explore how to establish the link between containers and orchestrate containers using Docker Compose. You will also come across relevant details about application testing inside a container. You will discover how to debug a container using the docker exec command and the nsenter tool. Finally, you will learn how to secure your containers with SELinux and other proven methods.
Comparative case studies: PDAs treated with medication, surgical ligation, and transcatheter device closure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ductus arteriosus is a lifeline for the developing fetus prior to delivery, allowing the circulation of oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and perfuse the body. However, when the ductus fails to close after birth, the pressures can cause blood to shunt from the aorta back into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema. This is called a left-to-right shunt. The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can also shunt blood from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta, bypassing the lungs and causing oxygen-poor blood to mix with the oxygen-rich blood circulating to the body. This is called a right-to-left shunt. Too much shunting in either direction can cause significant long-term problems for the neonate. These three case studies compare the outcomes of patients with PDAs closed using different treatment techniques. The first patient's ductus arteriosus closed >2 months after birth following pharmacologic treatment. The second was closed by surgical ligation. The third was closed by transcatheter device closure.
A Quality Improvement Project to Gain Insight Into What Helps Cancer Patients Cope During Outpatient Radiation Therapy Treatments

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Psychosocial support in cancer care has not been researched or published to the degree of physical support. This type of support includes the mental, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients and loved ones. This quality improvement project provides insight for those seeking understanding of what exactly helps cancer patients cope during outpatient radiation therapy treatments. The purpose of this project was to learn what practices benefit patient's coping during outpatient external radiation therapy treatments in order to increase attention given to psychosocial support of future cancer patients receiving outpatient external radiation therapy treatments. Insight from this project was used to create a resource handout for Novant Health Cancer Institute to help increase awareness, discussion, and attention to supporting outpatient radiation therapy patients emotionally and spiritually.
A comparative assessmentof effects of Polish propoliscombined with plant oils withthose of Brazilian propolison the oral cavity conditionin ortofacial cleft patients treatedwith removable appliances

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In patients with orofacial cleft, toothpaste they use should demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and regenerative action and at the same time be well-tolerated by the oral cavity epithelium and characterized by low toxicity. For this reason, it is expedient to seek preparations that would show the properties described above and could be used as auxiliary means supporting the maintenance of oral health in patients with orofacial clefts. Aim. The aim of the study was to perform a comparative assessment of toothpaste containing Polish propolis in combination with plant oils with that containing Brazilian propolis on the oral cavity condition in patients with orofacial cleft treated with removable appliances. Material and methods. The study material included 75 patients eligible for the study with a cleft lip or cleft lip and palate treated orthodontically. They were divided into three groups, A, B and C. Group A received a toothpaste with 2 % ethanol extract of Polish propolis (EEP-P) and plant oils, 0.5% tea tree oil (TTO), 0.2% menthol oil (MO), and 0.1% rosemary oil (RO). Group B received a toothpaste with 3% ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis (EEP-B). Group C included patients who were given a placebo toothpaste devoid of any active substances. During the baseline (first) and a follow-up (final) examination after 35 days, in each patient the Approximate Plaque Index (API), gingival index (GI) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were assessed. Results. The biggest improvement of the gingival condition translated into the GI index and the BOP was found in group A and amounted to 31% and 26% respectively, compared to the baseline examination (p<0.00); a statistically significant reduction of the GI index by 25% and BOP by 29% (p<0.01) was found in group B. No statistically significant differences of the values of the API, GI and BOP indices were found between groups A and B. There was no significant improvement of the gingiva condition in Group C. Conclusions. Both types of toothpaste containing active substances have beneficial effects on the condition of the marginal parodontium and they do not significantly differ in terms of their biological activity in the oral cavity. Besides, the toothpaste with Polish propolis and plant oils has a beneficial effect on the oral cavity hygiene in children with orofacial cleft. (Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Tanasiewicz M, Skucha-Nowak M, Morawiec T. A comparative assessment of effects of Polish propolis combined with plant oils with those of Brazilian propolis on the oral cavity condition in orofacial cleft patients treated with removable appliances. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 15-27).
Protein purification by chemo‐selective precipitation using thermoresponsive polymers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A recoverable and thermoresponsive polymer‐protein bioconjugate is synthesized and employed in the purification of protein with free sulfhydryl groups. Initiator with disulphide was modified on the cysteine residue of the target protein. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature was grown from the protein. The resulting protein–polymer conjugate was successfully thermoprecipitated and separated from other proteins. The approach was demonstrated with bovine serum albumin with the recycling yield of 76.4%. Enzyme activity test with papain verified the reversible polymer modification protected protein under extreme environments without affecting the functionality of the protein. This study implies the favorable potential of chemo‐selective enriching and purification of proteins.
The Relationship Between Grandiosity, Psychopathy, and Narcissism in an Offender Sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Clinical accounts suggest grandiosity is an important characteristic of both psychopathy and narcissism. This study examined the relationships between grandiosity and each of these personality disorder syndromes, using a novel index, namely the Grandiosity Index. Seventy-five incarcerated males completed clinical interviews of psychopathy and narcissism and a self-report inventory of narcissism and were rated on interpersonal measures of psychopathy and narcissism. Trained research assistants rated participants on the Grandiosity Index. Analyses provided preliminary evidence of construct validity for the index. Scores on the Grandiosity Index were significantly correlated with scores on both clinical and interpersonal measures of psychopathy and narcissism and with self-reported narcissism. Regressions demonstrated that the Grandiosity Index explained substantial unique variance in psychopathy after controlling for scores on narcissism. This study demonstrates that grandiose features are associated uniquely with clinical ratings of psychopathy, though not significantly more with psychopathy than with narcissism.
Clinical Profile and Limitations in the Management of HBV Patients Attending Clinic at a District Hospital in Ghana

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is estimated to cause between 500,000 and 1.2 million deaths worldwide every year through cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver cirrhosis and HCC are the commonest liver diseases causing death in Ghana. The most critical problem in the management of CHB in sub-Saharan Africa is the high cost of investigations and antiviral drugs. There is scanty information concerning newly diagnosed CHB patients and their management challenges in Ghana. This study sought to determine the clinical characteristics and management challenges of CHB patients in Ghana. Methodology. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving newly diagnosed CHB patients being managed at St. Dominic Hospital. Patient demographic and clinical features were abstracted using a standardized questionnaire. The proportion of patients able to undertake investigations and treatment were determined, and the limitations to standard management were recorded. The performance of APRI score in the diagnosis of cirrhosis was also investigated.Of the 334 patients with newly diagnosed CHB, the median age at diagnosis was 35 (IQR 28-44) years. Less than a quarter (22.2%) were able to undertake viral load testing and 23.4% were eligible for treatment. Of those who were eligible for treatment, only 42.3% were able to initiate treatment. Almost a third of cases (32.1%) reported late with liver-related complications. The sensitivity of APRI score with cut-off value of 2 in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was 70.2% and specificity was 97.9%.A high proportion of newly diagnosed CHB patients presented late and with liver-related complications. Majority were not able to afford viral load testing and antiviral medication. Screening of hepatitis B among the general population and inclusion of CHB management in the National Health Insurance Scheme should be encouraged.
Quantitatively predicting angle-resolved polarized Raman intensity of anisotropic layered materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Angle-resolved polarized Raman (ARPR) spectroscopy provides insights into optical anisotropy and symmetry-related electron-photon/electron-phonon couplings of anisotropic layered materials (ALMs). However, since their discovery over ten years ago, ARPR responses in ALM flakes has exhibited a puzzling dependence on flake thickness, excitation wavelength, and dielectric environment, complicating their understanding and prediction. By taking black phosphorus (BP) (large than 20 nm) flakes and four-layer Td-WTe2 as examples, this study introduces intrinsic Raman tensors (Rint) and proposes strategies to predict the ARPR intensity profiles of thick and atomically-thin ALM flakes by considering birefringence, linear dichroism and multilayer interference inside multilayered structures with experimentally determined complex refractive indexes along in-plane axes and complex tensor elements of Rint for the corresponding phonon modes. The tensor elements of effective Raman tensors (Reff), which are directly linked to the polarization vectors of incident and scattered light outside the ALM surface, were derived to quantitatively predict ARPR intensity for these ALM flakes, showing intricate dependence on ALM thickness, dielectric substrates, and excitation wavelengths. This framework can be extended to other ALM flakes from atomically-thin layers to bulk limit, facilitating comprehensive prediction of their ARPR intensity regardless of layer-dependent electronic properties.
High-throughput Cell Encapsulation in Monodisperse Agarose Microcapsules Using a Microfluidic Device

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the last decade, microfluidics has emerged as a distinct new field with promising applications for diverse research areas. The ability to precisely control fluids at the microscale allows the execution of a variety of programmable semi-automatic operations on the same device, effectively forming a lab-on-a-chip. In particular, droplet-based microfluidic systems – which reliably generate highly uniform microdroplets at a high throughput – enable the controlled compartmentalization of biological material and have the potential to influence mainstream biomedical research. In this thesis, a microfluidic platform is presented that allows the encapsulation of viable cells in agarose microcapsules for applications in cell–based therapy. As an improvement to pre-existing methods of cell encapsulation, the proposed system combines continuous high throughput cell-encapsulation with on-chip microcapsule gelation and purification.
bis-Benzimidazoles from Dibasic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTbis-Benzimidazoles from Dibasic AcidsR. L. Shriner and Robert W. UpsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 8, 2277–2278Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01853a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01853a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alcohol‐attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017: Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction and Aims The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all‐cause and cause‐specific alcohol‐attributed disease burden, as measured by disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000–2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. Design and Methods Alcohol‐attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Results In 2017, all‐cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000–2017, absolute gender differences in all‐cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. Discussion and Conclusions The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
Filsafat Komunikasi Berdasarkan Nilai Filosofis Etnis Minangkabau

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explains the philosophy of communication between Minangkabau ethnic . Communication is a substantial element of its traditional custom (adat) which may widely explain through a systematic explanation of four types of word or kato . For the ethnic word is not for conveying ideas only but closely related to the structure of community, even to the structure of power. The paper presents 37 elements of ethical values of communication that should be referred by any whom use Minangkabau languages in daily or formal communication .
Roles of Alkaloids from Medicinal Plants in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants play a fundamental part in health sectors via the management of different infectious diseases because of their wide plenitude wellspring of bioactive phytochemicals. Research activities on them have got attention throughout the world in the present days in search of low-cost and safe compounds for the management of diabetes. This is the literature-based analysis of alkaloids from medicinal plants in preventive or treatment approaches to diabetes. The most abundant and diversified group of secondary metabolites, i.e., alkaloids, show antidiabetic activity through the inhibition of enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B); inhibition of advanced glycation end products; increment of insulin secretion and its sensitivity; enhancement of glucose uptake; and their antioxidant ability. The study is useful for the examination of dynamic alkaloids for the advancement of a new medication for mankind.
The role of phonological awareness in early childhood reading in English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article supports the existence of the phonological rule that states, ‘Delete an English word-final /b/ when it occurs after /m/’ in pronouncing English words. Examples that fall within the rule are given. However, the research postulates that the rule is incomplete because /b/ is silent even when it does not come at the end of certain English words. It is proposed that an interface of phonological, morphological and semantic elements influences the pronunciation of these words. The interdependent nature of these properties is such that, where all the elements are present, a change in phonological realities results in a change in meaning, even if morphological members are stable. The findings add fresh evidence to the body of knowledge in support of the role of phonological awareness in early reading acquisition at the level of breaking the reading code.
The diversity pattern of soil bacteria in the rhizosphere of different plants in mountain ecosystems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Research on the composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities of different plant species can help to identify important microbial functional groups or functional potentials, which is of great significance for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction. To provide scientific basis for the management of mountain ecosystem, the diversity pattern of rhizosphere bacterial community was investigated using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing method among different host plants (Cirsium japonicum, Artemisia annua, Descurainia sophia, Lepidium apetalum, Phlomis umbrosa, and Carum carvi) in Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve, China. The results showed that the richness and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria were highest in Descurainia sophia, and lowest in Lepidium apetalum. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteria were the common dominant phyla, and Sphingomonas was the predominant genera. Furthermore, there were some specific genera in different plants. The relative abundance of non-dominant genera varied among the plant species. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that available (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and soil organic matter (SOM) were the main drivers of bacterial community structure. Based on PICRUSt functional prediction, the bacterial communities in all samples encompass six primary metabolic pathways and 47 secondary metabolic pathways. The major secondary metabolic pathways (with a relative abundance of functional gene sequences > 3%) include 15 categories. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed differences in bacterial composition and interactions among different modules, with rhizosphere microorganisms of different plants exhibiting distinct functional advantages. This study elucidates the distribution patterns of rhizosphere microbial community diversity in mountain ecosystems, which provides theoretical guidance for the ecological protection of mountain soil based on the microbiome.