jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ab. No. 114 Effects of Russian Current Stimulation on Blood Glucose in Non-Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Individuals: A Single Group Experimental Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Russian Current Stimulation (RCS) in pre and post Blood glucose level along with some other parameters in non-diabetic individuals. Several studies were conducted in the management of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) which shows exercise as the main part of treatment but there was urgent need to conduct study on that group of people who do not perform exercise because of old age and certain physical problems. The current work is designed to establish a safety protocol and to explore the use of RCS as an alternate to exercise. Methods: Two equal group of 30 non-diabetic individual with the age range 45-75 years were selected for phase first and phase second of study to investigate. Pre and Post single-group, experimental study was conducted in two phases. In phase first, RCS for 10-minutes on the quadriceps muscle and in phase second RCS for 20-minutes on quadriceps and gluteus maximus muscles were given. Fingertip samples for Blood glucose pre and post stimulation were measured. Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, and Body temperature were measured by using standard clinical methods. The results was analysed using SPSS 19 version. The significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) was considered for the study. Results: Statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in the parameters of blood glucose, respiratory rate, heart rate and non-significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) was observed in the parameters of oral temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The result shows that RCS would have beneficial effects on the reduction of blood glucose. Implication: RCS could be suggested as the contributory treatment in management of type-2 diabetes as an alternate to exercise.
Effects of Attitudes towards Exercise Behaviour, Use of Sports Apps and COVID-19 on Intentions to Exercise

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2019 disrupted the normal order of life and work, and the virus is still a major threat prevailing the globe. Confronted with the unknown virus, citizens have been following government policies of COVID-19 treatment and containment, and actively improving their immunity through physical activity (PA). This paper is concerned with ways to guide or promote people’s willingness to exercise, one of the most effective means to boost immunity. Based on the “attitude–intention” correlation defined in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study, by synchronizing online data about workouts, explores the influence of people’s attitudes towards PA behaviour in promoting their intentions to engage in such behaviours as a means to fight the pandemic. In addition, the attitudes towards the use of sports apps and the epidemic are also reckoned with to investigate influencing factors promoting physical activity during the lockdown. The results of the study have been derived from the data of 1223 valid questionnaires, which are subjected to hierarchical regression analysis. Attitudes towards exercise and the use of sports apps are proven to have a significant impact on PA intentions, and the two variables are in direct proportion, with more positive attitudes leading to higher intentions; in contrast, attitudes towards the epidemic do not exhibit an obvious effect. In this light, it is advisable that when clinicians treat COVID-19 patients and medical departments respond to the epidemic, they actively make affirmative influences on peoples’ attitudes towards exercise and formulate appropriate exercise plans based on indicators detected and recorded by sports apps such as vital capacity, heart rate, respiratory index and self-perceived intensity to help them face the risk of the epidemic with more confidence.
Clinical epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Liguria, Italy: An update of LIGALS register

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our objectives were: (1) to assess amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence and its trend over time in Liguria, an Italian north-western region, performing an analysis of data prospectively collected from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014; (2) to determine the mean and median survival in the 2009-2014 Ligurian ALS incident cases; and (3) to evaluate the presence of disease prognostic factors. The Liguria Register for ALS (LIGALS) is an ongoing, multicentre prospective register enrolling all ALS incident cases in Liguria. Cases were identified using several concurrent sources. ALS diagnosis was based on El Escorial revised criteria (EEC-R). Two hundred and ninety-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The mean annual crude incidence rate in the 2009-2014 period was 3.11/100,000 population (95% CI 2.77-3.49); the point prevalence at 31 December 2014 was 7.85/100,000 (95% CI 6.54-9.36) population. Survival analysis demonstrated a median survival from symptom onset of 37.0 months (95% CI 32.0-42.0). In conclusion, ALS crude incidence in Liguria is higher compared to other Italian regions. Clinical and epidemiological data are comparable with those of the Italian ALS population. Survival analysis showed that higher age at onset, bulbar onset, definite EEC-R diagnostic category and a shorter diagnostic delay are related with worse outcomes.
Understanding and Addressing Political - Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: Reflections from Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Systematic literature on the proliferation of political-bureaucratic corruption and ways of fighting it barely exists in Tanzania because political and bureaucratic corruption is dealt with exclusively or is generally associated with corruption. This article, through a conceptual-analytical analysis of relevant secondary data, reveals the factors responsible for Tanzania's vulnerability to political-bureaucratic corruption, elucidates the consequences of political-bureaucratic corruption, and recommends mitigating measures. The article contends that political-bureaucratic corruption is mainly exacerbated due to fragile bureaucratic and political institutions and institutional mechanisms erected to crack down on the vice committed by bureaucratic and political elites. Such institutional fragility strips the legitimacy of the institutions charged to fight it, diminishes development endeavors, and ignites neo-patrimonial social differentiation. As such, containing political-bureaucratic corruption needs an eclectic approach, characterized by a strong political resolve to reinforce state institutions’ zeal in administering law and order, particularly by enhancing the capacities of relevant officials on detection, exposure, and prosecution of politicians and bureaucrats committing corrupt practices irrespective of their status to enthuse trust in their political system.
Authorization Identification by Watermarking in Log-polar Coordinate System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a watermarking method for authorization identification which aims to prevent hackers from using copyrighted images without authorization. The watermark is embedded in the log-polar (LP) coordinate system which is resilient against rotation, scaling and translation (RST). For watermark detection, only the watermark is required at the receiver site, and whether the image is watermarked can be realized. The diffusion phenomenon of the embedded watermark is explored and used to make it possible to correlate the original watermark and the embedded watermark in the LPM domain. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against several attacks, such as rotation, rotation with cropping, scaling, scaling with cropping, translation, translation with cropping and JPEG compression.
[Disorders in metabolism of superoxide radicals in tumor-bearing mice during development of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and their normalization under the effect of ruboxyl].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Activity of the systems involved in generation and utilization of superoxide radicals was studied in microsomes, mitochondria and nuclei of liver tissue from intact mice, mice with developed Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and of the animals treated with antitumoral drug ruboxyl. The ratio between the rate of superoxide radicals formation and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) served as specific characteristic of the O2(-)-SOD system in the corresponding compartments. During tumoral development, the pattern studied was altered in all the subcellular organelles used, thus demonstrating an impairment of free radical oxidation status in liver tissue of tumor-bearing animals. Administration of ruboxyl into healthy animals led to distinct increase in this ratio in mitochondria, while the drug normalized patterns of the O-(-)-SOD system in all the cell compartments studied in tumor-bearing animals. Ruboxyl appears to exhibit regulating effect on free radical oxidation.
Segmentation of densely populated cell nuclei from confocal image stacks using 3D non-parametric shape priors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An approach to jointly estimate 3D shapes and poses of stained nuclei from confocal microscopy images, using statistical prior information, is presented. Extracting nuclei boundaries from our experimental images of cell migration is challenging due to clustered nuclei and variations in their shapes. This issue is formulated as a maximum a posteriori estimation problem. By incorporating statistical prior models of 3D nuclei shapes into level set functions, the active contour evolutions applied on the images is constrained. A 3D alignment algorithm is developed to build the training databases and to match contours obtained from the images to them. To address the issue of aligning the model over multiple clustered nuclei, a watershed-like technique is used to detect and separate clustered regions prior to active contour evolution. Our method is tested on confocal images of endothelial cells in microfluidic devices, compared with existing approaches.
Penelope: The NBTI-Aware Processor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transistors consist of lower number of atoms with every technology generation. Such atoms may be displaced due to the stress caused by high temperature, frequency and current, leading to failures. NBTI (negative bias temperature instability) is one of the most important sources of failure affecting transistors. NBTI degrades PMOS transistors whenever the voltage at the gate is negative (logic input
TWO CASES OF INTUSSUSCEPTION CAUSED BY A CARCINOMA OF THE SIGMOID COLON

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents two cases of intussusception due to a carcinoma of the sigmoid colon with a review of the literature. Case 1 was an 80-year-old woman with muco-bloody stool and intestinal obstruction. Pre-operative examinations included ultrasonography, computed tomography and colonoscopy. Laparotomy revealed colo-rectal intussusception. Sigmoidectomy was performed after manual reduction of the intussusception. Macroscopic examination showed the type 1 carcinoma of the sigmoid colon (2.8×2.5×1.6cm). Case 2 was a 91-year-old woman with prolapsing through the anus. Physical examination revealed a 15cm long intestine prolapsing through the anus and type 1 carcinoma (2.8×2.7cm) at the apex of the prolapsing intestine. Transanal resection of the prolapsing intestine was performed under the spinal anesthesia. Fifty-two cases of intussusception caused by a carcinoma of the sigmoid colon were reported in the Japanese literature, and in 23 percent of these cases the intussusception protruded through the anus. Etiology of rectal prolapse may also contribute to such condition. In treatment, the resection should be carried out whithout reduction whenever possible, if malignant tumor is present. Otherwise, the most appropriate operation must be selected according to the situation of each patient.
Achieving the synergistic of strength and ductility in Mg-15Gd-1Zn-0.4Zr alloy with hierarchical structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, the hierarchical structure is one of the most effective means to enhance the strength and plasticity of metal materials, since the strain localization can be effectively delayed by the coordination of the unique microstructure. In this study, a hierarchical structure of Mg-15Gd-1Zn-0.4Zr (GZ151K) alloys containing grain, twin, and precipitation structural units was prepared by ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) and recrystallization annealing (RU). The results showed that the stress gradient generated by USRP formed a twin gradient structure, which will activate the twin-assisted precipitation (TAP) effect and twin-induced recrystallization (TIR) effect during RU. Then, the twin gradient structure transformed into a twin-precipitation gradient structure, and finally into a hierarchical structure with grain-twin-precipitation as the increasement of recrystallization degree. Besides, the dual gradient structure with twin and precipitation structural units had the highest strength and microhardness owing to the precipitation strengthening. However, the hierarchical structure with grain, twin, and precipitation structural units exhibited the most excellent combination of strength and plasticity under grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.
Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors on Proteomic Profiling of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Campylobacter jejuni

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The proteomes of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by C. jejuni 81–176 strain, which was exposed to oxygen or antibiotic stress (polymyxin B), were characterized. We also assessed the OMVs production and their content in two mutated strains – ∆ dsbI and ∆ htrA . OMVs production was significantly increased under the polymyxin B stress and remained unaltered in all other variants. Interestingly, the qualitative load of OMVs was constant regardless of the stress conditions or genetic background. However, certain proteins exhibited notable quantitative changes, ranging from 4-fold decrease to 10-fold increase. Up- or downregulated proteins (e.g. major outer membrane protein porA , iron ABC transporter, serine protease- htrA , 60 kDa chaperonin- groL , enolase) represented various cell compartments (cytoplasm, periplasm, and membrane) and exhibited various functions; nevertheless, one common group was noted that consisted of components of flagellar apparatus, i.e., FlaA/B, FlgC/E, which were mostly upregulated. Some of these proteins are the putative substrates of DsbI protein. Further investigation of the regulation of C. jejuni OMVs composition and their role in virulence will allow a better understanding of the infectious process of C. jejuni .
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Optically Pure Chloroselenurane with Active Methylene Compounds. Formation of Optically Pure Selenonium Ylides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Knocking Down the Pillars of Democracy in Europe: Politicisation of Science and Law in Response During COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The European Parliament has stressed on numerous occasions in public documents and speeches its non-conditional support for the principles of democracy, the rule of law, good governance, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Yet as the pandemic has developed these principles have not been defended by various member states of the EU, being traded for public health and public good. This presentation seeks to critically analyse the content of key rhetoric and narratives from the outbreak of the pandemic until the present time through public statements that shall be contrasted against the “unconditional principles” above within the theoretical frame of Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Attention shall be paid to key political officials and understand the role of mainstream mass media and social media as gatekeepers of the orthodoxy of knowledge established. Orthodoxy of knowledge is group consensus on defining and constructing ‘realities’ in the physical realm, even when the consensus is coerced. Given the increasing lack of scientific debate, which is a fundamental element of good scientific practice, and the use of heavy handed and largely unsuccessful responses to the virus (such as lockdowns, vax passports and vaccination campaigns), Europe (not only) is in a precarious position in terms of its societal principles and practice. Crisis management is expediently rushed through face of fear and time constraint based upon a lack of consideration for the consequences and long-term effects, some of which are already emerging but being silenced. Hence a creeping crisis of significant psychological and physical impact is in the making.
Extraordinary circumstances: Covid-19 – Italian Serie A scenario

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Unpredictable and uncontrollable situations have happened throughout history. Inevitably, such situations have an impact on various spheres of life. The coronavirus disease 2019 has affected many of them, including sports. The ban on social gatherings has caused the cancellation of many sports competitions. This paper proposes a methodology based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) that can be applied when a need occurs to end an interrupted tournament and the conditions for playing the remaining matches are far from ideal. The proposed methodology is based on how to conclude the season for Serie A, a top-division football league in Italy. The analysis showed that it is reasonable to play 14 instead of the 124 remaining matches of the 2019–2020 season to conclude the championship. The proposed methodology was tested on the past 10 seasons of the Serie A, and its effectiveness was confirmed. This novel approach can be used in any other sport where round-robin tournaments exist.
Using life stage‐structured matrix models to determine natural enemy:pest release ratios for augmentative biological control

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Augmentative biological control (ABC) is crucial for the integrated pest management (IPM) of greenhouse pests. The proper calculation of natural enemy:pest release ratio (NEPRR) stands out among the various challenges of ABC. Often, most NEPRR calculations only take into account the predation/parasitism efficiency of natural enemies, while disregarding pest population growth capacity, population structure and/or economic thresholds. In a model system consisting of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley parasitizing eggs of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on greenhouse tomatoes, we investigated whether a stage‐structured Lefkovitch matrix could be used to determine suitable NEPRRs. The results suggested that these matrix models can potentially provide more precise and realistic predictions of NEPRRs since they account for differential pest population growth over time as a response to natural enemy action. The matrix models could also allow us to choose an adaptable NEPRR based on parameters such as the period the grower wishes to keep the pest population below economic threshold.
Anti-Semitism and its Metaphysical Origins

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book articulates a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of Jew hatred as a metaphysical aspect of the human soul. Proceeding from the Jewish thinking that the anti-Semites oppose, David Patterson argues that anti-Semitism arises from the most ancient of temptations, the temptation to be as God, and thus to flee from an absolute accountability to and for the other human being.
Demographic and Clinical Factors Affecting Pediatric Survival in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of Congo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Promoting children’s health is challenging in underresourced regions, with worse outcomes in areas of sociopolitical instabilities. This encapsulates the difficulties faced by the Panzi General Referral Hospital (PGRH) in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study of 456 children # 18 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department of PGRH between December 2018 and May 2019, we present demographic and clinical predictors that affect pediatric survival. We note that referrals from external clinics (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.75), poor maternal education (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.67), diagnoses of meningitis (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.75) or malnutrition (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.67) are risk factors hindering pediatric survival. Paternal unemployment or longer durations of hospital stay, on the other hand, are protective toward survival. These predictors confirm the importance of accessibility and availability of medical resources and knowledge as levers to establish an effective, robust network of pediatric care delivery capable of withstanding South Kivu’s unresolved political tumult.
Wavelet analysis in remove-restore theory -a novel application

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve the remove-restore theory, a novel algorithm based on wavelet analysis has been proposed in this paper. Through the similarity comparison between earth gravity field model and terrain correction, it is found that the model gravity anomalies contain some of high-frequency signals caused by terrain. Given this, the wavelet analysis theory has been introduced here to extract high-frequency signals of gravity anomalies. And then, add this result and the terrain correction together to form the residual gravity anomaly. Finally, based on the gravity data, DEM data and EGM96 model of some region, a high-accuracy geoid height of the region has been calculated, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
Cluster-shell competition in light nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate whether the cluster structure dissolves or remains when the shell-model-like model space is introduced in addition to the cluster model space in light nuclei. Although the binding energies of 8Be, 10Be, and 10B become larger by about 1–2 MeV by adding shell-model-like basis states to the α+α+N+N+ ・・・basis states, the α-α structure is a dominant configuration of the ground states. However, α-breaking wave functions strongly mix in 12C, and the decrease of the energy from the 3α configuration by about 6 MeV is a clue to resolving a long-standing problem of the binding energies of 12C and 16O. The improved version of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD), AMD superposition of selected snapshots (AMD triple-S), is used to show the cluster-shell competition of these nuclei.
Nutrigenomics: Opportunities and Challenges in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Authors of this article has been working on ethnopharmacology and natural product science for the last one decade. They have been involved with several ethnic and traditional medication system development projects and also achieved recognitions in the medicinal plant sector of Bangladesh. Recently they have raised their interests on Nutrigenomics to introduce the â€œPersonalized Nutritionâ€ aiming to evolve the health maintenance in Bangladesh. The goal of this paper is to discuss opportunities and challenges for the next generation medicine in Bangladesh.