jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Riemannian submersions need not preserve positive Ricci curvature

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

If $\pi :M\rightarrow B$ is a Riemannian submersion and $M$ has positive sectional curvature, O'Neill's Horizontal Curvature Equation shows that $B$ must also have positive curvature. We show there are Riemannian submersions from compact manifolds with positive Ricci curvature to manifolds that have small neighborhoods of (arbitrarily) negative Ricci curvature, but that there are no Riemannian submersions from manifolds with positive Ricci curvature to manifolds with nonpositive Ricci curvature.
Identification of a novel 45 kDa protein (JP-45) from rabbit sarcoplasmic-reticulum junctional-face membrane

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a biochemical/immunological approach to analyse the protein constituents of skeletal-muscle junctional-face membrane (JFM), we identified a 45kDa protein. Its N-terminal amino acid was blocked, but the amino acid sequence obtained from several peptides after proteolytic treatment did not significantly match that of any protein present in the SwissProt and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) databases. We synthesized a peptide whose sequence matched that of one of the peptides obtained after CNBr cleavage of the 45kDa protein; the peptide was conjugated to a carrier and used to raise antibodies. The antiserum was used to study in more detail the biochemical characteristics of the novel 45kDa protein. Analysis of the proteins present in different subcellular membrane fractions show that the novel 45kDa polypeptide: (i) is an integral membrane constituent present both in neonatal and adult skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum; (ii) is selectively localized in the JFM; (iii) is not present in microsomes obtained from rabbit heart, liver or kidney. Immunoprecitation with anti-(45kDa protein) antibody indicates that the 45kDa protein is part of a complex which can be phosphorylated in vitro by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A.
Spatiotemporal gait parameters measured using the Bessou gait analyzer in 79 healthy subjects. Influence of age, stature, and gender. Study Group on Disabilities due to Musculoskeletal Disorders (Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap de l'Appareil Locomoteur, GRHAL).

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Bessou gait analyzer provides quantitative measurements of spatiotemporal gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how these parameters are influenced by age, stature, and gender. Seventy-nine normal individuals (38 males aged 20 to 80 years and 41 females aged 20 to 80 years) were divided into ten-year age groups. Males and females were studied separately. In each subject, the Bessou gait analyzer was used to measure spatiotemporal gait parameters (spatial parameters: stride and step lengths; temporal parameters: cycle, stance and swing durations). Mean walking speed was calculated in each subgroup. In both males and females, all study parameter values were identical for the left and right sides. Females younger than 60 years had shorter stride and step lengths (M: 1.5 +/- 0.2 m; F: 1.3 +/- 0.1; p < 0.001) but faster pace values (M: 104.8 +/- 9.0 cycles/min; F: 115.6 +/- 7.6 cycles/min; p < 0.001) than males, and consequently mean walking speed was similar in females and males (M: 4.8 km/h +/- 0.8 km/h; F: 4.4 km/h +/- 0.6 km/h). In contrast, females older than 60 years walked at the same pace as males and consequently had slower walking speeds. Stride length was correlated with age, stature, and gender. However, age was correlated with stature, and only age and gender had independent effects on gait parameters in the multiple regression analysis. In subjects of similar age and gender, effects of stature may need to be taken into account.
Frontiers of Social Hierarchy Research: Dynamics in Teams and Organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The dynamics that underlie social hierarchy among individuals represent some of the fastest growing research areas in management and related sciences (Fiske, 2010; Magee & Galinsky, 2008; Rucker, Galinsky, & Magee, 2018), and with good reasons hierarchy is a fundamental element of social life and impacts a wide range of important individual outcomes. Two of the most prominent and fundamental hierarchical dimensions in the social sciences are status and power (Blader & Chen, 2012; Blau, 1964; Fiske, 2010; Kemper, 2006; Magee & Galinsky, 2008; Weber, 1964). Although individuals’ power and status may co-vary, there are nevertheless meaningful distinctions between them: power is defined as asymmetric control over valued resources in relationships (Emerson 1962; Magee & Galinsky, 2008), whereas status is defined the degree of respect, esteem, and prestige that an individual holds in the eyes of others (Magee & Galinsky, 2008). The prevalence and significance of social hierarchy has prompted a considerable amount of research that links both status and power to various outcomes. However, most of the existing literature on status and power has focused on their individual-level and dyadic-level effects. Only recently, researchers have turned their attention to examining social hierarchy at the team level, studying topics such as status conflict (Bendersky & Hayes, 2012), status disagreement (Kilduff, Willer, & Anderson, 2016), status asymmetry (Tzabbar & Vestal, 2015), and power disparity (Tarakci, Greer, & Groenen, 2016). This symposium contributes to this emerging trend of studying status and power in teams and organizations. Together, the four empirical papers shed new light on effects of power and status at the team level. We anticipate that our symposium will stimulate new perspectives and raise important questions about social hierarchy as well as teams. We hope it will foster greater sophistication in future theorizing and empirical work on power and status. Getting Ahead by Tearing Others Down - When Are Status Challenges Effective Presenter: Jieun Pai; U. of California, Los Angeles Presenter: Jessica Alynn Kennedy; Vanderbilt U. Presenter: Corinne Bendersky; U. of California, Los Angeles When Does Status Differentiation Benefit Team - The Moderating Role of Power Differentiation Presenter: Huisi Li; Cornell U. Presenter: Xue Yang; Nanjing U. Presenter: Ya-ru Chen; Cornell U. The Impact of Power, Status, and Regulatory Focus on Team Performance Presenter: Nicholas Hays; Michigan State U. Presenter: Bradley Jamieson; Michigan State U. Presenter: Jo K. Oh; Michigan State U. Presenter: Andrew Yu; U. of Melbourne Presenter: John R. Hollenbeck; Michigan State U. The Effect of Norm Violation on Power Perception and Power Affordance Presenter: Min Zhang; U. of California, San Diego Presenter: Pamela K. Smith; U. of California, San Diego
Truth as the key metaethical category in Kierkegaard

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study offers interpretative insights into Kierkegaard's thought and his understanding of the term "truth" in metaethical relations.Metaethics, though not explicitly presented and used as a term in Kierkegaard's writings, yet represents the implicit framework of his thinking about the life of man, his responsibility, individual life development, and the teleological anticipation of his existence.The thesis presents the concept of truth as an interdisciplinary overlap of metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of the mind that can be identified in various Kierkegaardian works and be related to, so selected writings are being examined here.It turns out that, depending on the concealed intention of the author, different aspects of such interdisciplinary complex emerge in different works, which are permeated into the way how Kierkegaard put the word "truth" into different contexts.
A Casualty of Kinetic Warfare: Military Research, Development, and Acquisition for Biodefense

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The US military is responsible for protecting its forces from biological weapons. However, the Department of Defense has neglected biodefense-most of the funding for which now comes from civilian organizations rather than traditional military sponsors. Why? I argue that organizational frames explain military neglect and the rise of civilian biodefense. Because the military's frame of reference is defined by kinetic warfare involving projectile weapons and explosives, it neglects non-kinetic capabilities like biodefense. In contrast, the civilian Department of Health and Human Services has a different organizational frame and thus is more amenable to supporting biodefense. I test this theory against realism and bureaucratic interests. I find that research, development, and acquisition for biodefense support the ideational theory of organizational frames, which has important implications regarding the influence of specific ideas on national security policy.
A Critical Systems View of Power-Ethics Interactions in Information Systems Evaluation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Current developments in information systems (IS) evaluation emphasise stakeholder participation in order to ensure adequate and beneficial IS investments. It is now common to consider evaluation as a subjective process of interpretation(s), in which people’s appreciations are taken into account to guide evaluations. However, the context of power relations in which evaluation takes place, as well as their ethical implications, has not been given full attention. In this article, ideas of critical systems thinking and Michel Foucault’s work on power and ethics are used to define a critical systems view of power to support IS evaluation. The article proposes a system of inquiry into power with two main areas: 1) Deployment of evaluation via power relations and 2) Dealing with ethics. The first element addresses how evaluation becomes possible. The second one goes in-depth into how evaluation can proceed as being informed by ethical reflection. The article suggests that inquiry into these relationships should contribute to extend current views on power in IS evaluation practice, and to reflect on the ethics of those involved in the process.
Constraints on radial migration in spiral galaxies – I. Analytic criterion for capture at corotation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Near the corotation resonance of a transient spiral arm, stellar orbital angular momenta may be changed without inducing significant kinematic heating, resulting in what has come to be known as radial migration. When radial migration is very efficient, a large fraction of disk stars experiences significant, permanent changes to their individual orbital angular momenta over the lifetime of the disk, having strong implications for the evolution of disk galaxies. The first step for a star in a spiral disk to migrate radially is to be captured in a "trapped" orbit, associated with the corotation resonance of the spiral pattern. An analytic criterion for determining whether or not a star is in a trapped orbit has previously been derived only for stars with zero random orbital energy in the presence of a spiral with fixed properties. In this first paper in a series, we derive an analytic criterion appropriate for a star that is on an orbit of finite random orbital energy. Our new criterion demonstrates that whether or not a star is in a "trapped" orbit primarily depends on the star's orbital angular momentum. This criterion could be a powerful tool in the interpretation of the results of N-body simulations. In future papers of this series, we apply our criterion to explore the physical parameters important to determining the efficiency of radial migration and its potential importance to disk evolution.
[Palliative Care at Home by Anesthesiologists].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Governmental policies recommend the palliative care at home for cancer patients. However, there are some barriers to discharge cancer patients from the hospital who want to receive end-of-life care at their homes. Anesthesiologists whose main job is to perform general anesthesia in the operating theater usually have little contact with general practitioners giving community palliative care. So it is important to communicate each other to make opportunities to discuss an organized system and care plan for these patients, and to improve information transfer.
Maternal alpha-fetoprotein screening: two years' experience in a low-risk district.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over a two-year period, 3479 pregnant women in the Kings' Lynn Health District were screened for neural tube defects by estimation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. Most pregnancies were scanned by sonar for fetal maturity. Eight women had fetuses with open neural tube defects; four with anencephaly were associated with very high alpha-fetoprotein values. Of the four with open neural tube defects without anencephaly, only one was detected by screening and confirmed after amniocentesis. One other had a raised serum alpha-fetoprotein but a normal amniotic fluid value. The other two affected fetuses were missed. This disappointing outcome was attributed to the poor predictive value of alpha-fetoprotein in detecting open neural tube defects (anencephaly apart) rather than to errors in its estimation or in assessment of fetal maturity by sonar scan. We question the validity of screening, particularly in areas of intermediate or low incidence.
Application of particle swarm optimization and robust net present value for BOT-type contracts

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Major infrastructure construction projects contracted to private companies by governments are important for maximizing profitability. This paper extends an existing build–operate–transfer (BOT) concession model (BOTCcM) for identifying the reasonable concession period which would be profitable both to the government and to the private sector. There are some major limitations with BOTCcM – for example, the total investment cost is pre-given and the impact of uncertainty of parameters affecting the concession period were not considered. In this research, the total investment cost is assumed as variable which should be optimally determined and the uncertainty of net cash flows is considered. Further, the proposed model is implemented to calculate the robust concession period and required capital for the construction period, using the obtained values and particle swarm optimization method.
Urban Disparity Analytics Using GIS: A Systematic Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban disparity has been extensively studied using geospatial technology, yet a comprehensive review of GIS applications in this field is essential to address the current research status, potential challenges, and future trends. This review combines bibliometric analysis from two databases, Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, encompassing 145 articles from WOS and 80 from Scopus, resulting in a final list of 201 articles after excluding 24 duplicates. This approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of urban disparities and the extensive applications of GIS technology. The review highlights and characterizes research status and frontiers into research clusters, future scopes, and gaps in urban disparity analysis. The use of both WOS and Scopus ensures the review’s credibility and comprehensiveness. Findings indicate that most research has focused on accessibility analysis of urban services and facilities. However, there is a recent paradigm shift toward environmental justice, demonstrated by increasing GIS applications in analyzing pollution exposure, urban heat islands, vegetation distribution, disaster vulnerability, and health vulnerability.
Evidence for catastrophic shifts in the trophic structure of flood-plain lakes associated with soil erosion

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The introduction of European agricultural practices to southeastern Australia during the 1800s was associated with a period of extensive erosion in upland areas. The effects of this erosion on aquatic systems were substantial. Deep gullies replaced natural chain of ponds systems in headwaters, and the resultant sand slugs reduced substrate complexity and stability in middle reaches. The impact of this period of intensive erosion in lowland reaches is less obvious. This study presents the results of palaeoecological reconstructions from several flood-plain lakes on the Murray River that cover the period prior to the introduction of agriculture to the present. These records show a consistent pattern whereby benthic algae are replaced by planktonic algae concomitant with peaks in indicators of high sediment input. This pattern supports studies which have utilised different indicators at other sites in the region and is interpreted as resulting from light attenuation due to high suspended-sediment loads during a phase of intensive sediment erosion and transport during the mid to late 1800s. The maintenance of this macrophyte-free state in the absence of continued high sediment loads up to the present day is thought to reflect the existence of alternative stable states in these systems.
Data from Genetic Heterogeneity in Therapy-Naïve Synchronous Primary Breast Cancers and Their Metastases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Paired primary breast cancers and metachronous metastases after adjuvant treatment are reported to differ in their clonal composition and genetic alterations, but it is unclear whether these differences stem from the selective pressures of the metastatic process, the systemic therapies, or both. We sought to define the repertoire of genetic alterations in breast cancer patients with <i>de novo</i> metastatic disease who had not received local or systemic therapy.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Up to two anatomically distinct core biopsies of primary breast cancers and synchronous distant metastases from nine patients who presented with metastatic disease were subjected to high-depth whole-exome sequencing. Mutations, copy number alterations and their cancer cell fractions, and mutation signatures were defined using state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. All mutations identified were validated with orthogonal methods.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Genomic differences were observed between primary and metastatic deposits, with a median of 60% (range 6%–95%) of shared somatic mutations. Although mutations in known driver genes including <i>TP53, PIK3CA</i>, and <i>GATA3</i> were preferentially clonal in both sites, primary breast cancers and their synchronous metastases displayed spatial intratumor heterogeneity. Likely pathogenic mutations affecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–related genes, including <i>SMAD4, TCF7L2</i>, and <i>TCF4</i> (<i>ITF2</i>), were found to be restricted to or enriched in the metastatic lesions. Mutational signatures of trunk mutations differed from those of mutations enriched in the primary tumor or the metastasis in six cases.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Synchronous primary breast cancers and metastases differ in their repertoire of somatic genetic alterations even in the absence of systemic therapy. Mutational signature shifts might contribute to spatial intratumor genetic heterogeneity. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4402–15. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The Poetic Geography of Italy: Coastal Geometaphors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article pushes at the interdisciplinary boundaries of literary ecocriticism to suggest a new rhetorical figure: the “geometaphor.” The geometaphor is a metaphor that is not only geographically marked, but also rooted in a specific territory. In short, it is a poetic metaphor with a specific address. This article defines this concept through references spanning from the medieval Francis of Assisi to the nineteenth-century poet Giacomo Leopardi, and through a sample of geometaphors in three Northern coastal areas: Liguria, the Veneto, and Friuli. They are the enclosed gardens of the Cinque Terre in Eugenio Montale’s collection Ossi di seppia (Cuttlefish Bones); the harbor and hills of Trieste in Umberto Saba’s Trieste e una donna (Trieste and a Woman); and the amphibious streets of Venice in Anna Toscano’s Doso la polvere. The technological component of this research is indispensable, and it grew out of a pedagogical need to present Italian poetry to an audience of students on the other side of the ocean with the help of Google Earth. In this essay, the omino facilitates a visualization of poetical terms. It is “dropped” in specific places on the Italian map to trace the contours of its poetic geography.
A comparative Fluid-Structure Interaction study of stenosed and Normal Common Carotid Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is one of the growing challenges in recent times, wherein both fluid and structural solution domains are coupled using CFD and FEM methods respectively. Results from both the analysis are exchanged at interface junction in a synchronized manner to obtain an FSI solution. This study is helpful in observing the behavior of blood flow through arteries and to study the mechanisms of diseases like Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, Aneurysms etc. The blood flow distends the elastic artery due the flow-induced pressure and deformed artery in turn affects the flow behavior. The prime concern is in this study is to compare the change in flow behavior and structural displacement of both occluded and normal carotid artery. The clinical data is obtained from ultrasound technique and the subject is having an eccentric occlusion of 66 % in left common carotid and right common carotid shows normal behavior. Initially, the CFD model is analyzed considering the realistic physiological boundary conditions. Then FSI model is analyzed considering the same boundary conditions as observed for that of CFD model. The modeling and analysis is carried out using ANSYS, commercially available Finite Element software. An ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) has been written to carry out the transient analysis and the parameters like arterial deformation, flow velocity and wall shear stress are considered. The results obtained agree well with the clinical observations and theoretical values.
Fatal Suppurative Cholangitis without Obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

are unusual neurological signs such as were found in the present case; in this event, adequate antisyphilitic treatment may help in averting further progress of the disease and bring clinical improvement.Summary A case of the Parkinsonian syndrome apparently due to congenital syphilis is described.The response to treatment has been satisfactory.Although syphilis is a rare cause of the condition it should be considered when the Parkinsonian syndrome develops in the 30-50 age group, particularly if there are any anomalous clinical features.I thank Dr. G. McComas for permission to publish the case and for advice
Urgent agenda: how climate litigation builds transnational narratives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article draws on the notion of co-production to assess the construction of transnational narratives in climate change litigation. Using the examples of recent cases from the Netherlands, Norway, and Ireland, the article identifies a common narrative regarding the temporal dimension of climate change and its governance. Litigants are shown to develop a notion of urgency for national climate policies with the help of symbols and discourses—including pathways, crossroads, milestones, thresholds and carbon budgets—in order to attribute meaning to complex models of the future climate, and the immediate responsibilities of states to limit future global warming. In response, states offer depictions of the future in which technological and economic evolutions render our current climate crisis less challenging and costly. This narrative approach helps make sense of the transnational legal strategies through which our understanding of responsibility and climate justice is unfolding.