jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Program of early diagnosis of chronic renal disease in children--SopKard 15 nephrological project].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Sopot Program of Cardiac Infarct and Stroke Prevention--SopKard 1999-2009 was established for health promotion to decrease cardio-vascular diseases mortality. To serve these purposes a new project SopKard 15 for adolescents was created. The main aim of SopKard 15 is evaluation of health status with particular attention to risk factors of civilization diseases, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among them. In population of 14-year-old students a complex nephrological examination including medical history, blood pressure measurements, ultrasound examination, and laboratory tests with e.g. albuminuria, urinalysis, and serum creatinine and cystatin C levels was performed. Nephrology part of Program SopKard 15 aspired to early detection of CKD and verifies normal value for this age group.
[Pneumocystis carinii infection during prophylaxis with nebulized pentamidine in a patient with AIDS].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the introduction of aerosolised pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-seropositive persons and patients with AIDS, an increasing number of cases of atypical manifestations of infection with Pneumocystis carinii have been reported in the United States, viz. upper lobe pneumonia, extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infection and spontaneous pneumothorax. An association between these atypical manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii infection and the use of aerosolised pentamidine seems likely. This report is the first description in the Netherlands of an atypical Pneumocystis carinii infection in an AIDS patient while using aerosolised pentamidine for prophylaxis against PCP. Since aerosolised pentamidine for prophylaxis against PCP is increasingly being used in the Netherlands, a rise in incidence of atypical manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii infection can be expected.
Detailed Reservoir Geology--Basis for Enhanced Recovery Model, Wasson San Andres Field, West Texas: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Core studies in the CO2 pilot area of Shell's Denver unit in the Wasson San Andres field of west Texas revealed two basin end-member rock types: pelletal packstones, which exhibit high porosity and permeability due to the effective inter-pellet pore fabric; and moldic wackestones, which have lower porosity and significantly lower permeability, due to the disconnected fabric of the moldic pores. The majority of the rock section consists of a mixture of these end-member rock types due to cyclical variations in the degree of organic burrowing, which created the pellet packstones by reworking the original wackestone lithology. The high quality pellet packstones are dominant in rocks with greater than 15% porosity. The geologic model of the pilot area thus consists f numerous correlative high porosity zones composed dominantly of packstones, interbedded with poorer quality moldic wackestones. An examination of cores from representative wells throughout the Denver unit also documented the occurrence of pelletal packstones, dominantly in rocks with greater than 15% porosity. By using digitized sonic logs from 688 wells in the Denver unit and the LOGPAK program, isopach mapping of packstone thickness in each of the correlative field-wide San Andres subzones was accomplished. Recognition of the detailed zonation of rock types from the pilot area in wells throughout the major part of the Denver unit permitted expansion of the pilot area model to the larger Denver unit model. End_of_Article - Last_Page 932------------
The Economy of Northern Ireland: Perspectives for Structural Change

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The essays in this collection focus on the need for a radical rethink of current economic policy in Northern Ireland. They cover regional economic development, North/South co-operation, labour market discrimination, and policies for both small firms and multinationals. The authors argue, however, that to create such a framework, and so the conditions for modern regional development, Northern Ireland needs new structures of governance, based on a further disconnection from the mainland.
Dicken's works

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[v. 1] American notes. Hunted down -- [v. 2-3] Barnaby Rudge -- v. 4-6] Bleak House -- [v. 7-8] Child's history of England. Miscellanies -- [v. 9-11] Christmas books and stories -- [v. 12-13] Old Curiosity Shop -- [v. 14-16] Dombey & son -- [v. 17-19] David Copperfield -- [v. 20] Mystery of Edwin Drood -- [v. 21-22] Great expectations. Master Humphrey's clock -- [v.23] Hard times -- [v. 24-26] Little Dorrit -- [v. 27-29] Martin Chuzzlewit -- [v. 30-32] Nicholas Nickleby -- [v. 33-34] Oliver Twist. Pictures from Italy -- [v. 35-38] Our mutual friend --[v. 38-40] Pickwick papers -- [v. 41] Reprinted pieces -- [v. 42-43] Sketches by Boz. No thoroughfare -- [v. 44] Tale of two cities -- [v. 45] The uncommercial traveller
PERINEPHRIC ABSCESS MASQUERADING AS AN ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Reports1 Feb 1998PERINEPHRIC ABSCESS MASQUERADING AS AN ANGIOMYOLIPOMA Geoffrey J. Bisignani, Lara A. Hardesty, David S. Hartman, and Mark V. Jarowenko Geoffrey J. BisignaniGeoffrey J. Bisignani More articles by this author , Lara A. HardestyLara A. Hardesty More articles by this author , David S. HartmanDavid S. Hartman More articles by this author , and Mark V. JarowenkoMark V. Jarowenko More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63961-2AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "PERINEPHRIC ABSCESS MASQUERADING AS AN ANGIOMYOLIPOMA." The Journal of Urology, 159(2), p. 500 References 1 : CT diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma: the importance of detecting small amounts of fat.. AJR.1988; 151: 497. Google Scholar 2 : Fat density in renal cell carcinoma: demonstration with computer tomography.. J. Urol.1997; 157: 1347. Link, Google Scholar 3 : Fat containing renal mass in childhood: a case report of teratoid Wilms tumor.. J. Urol.1994; 151: 1662. Link, Google Scholar Division of Urology and Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania.© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 159Issue 2February 1998Page: 500 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Geoffrey J. Bisignani More articles by this author Lara A. Hardesty More articles by this author David S. Hartman More articles by this author Mark V. Jarowenko More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Influence of external vibration on tether chain in ligand-receptor binding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tethered ligand-receptor binding is an important biological phenomenon. The conformation of tether chain greatly affects the binding process. By using molecular dynamics, the influence of environmental vibration on the conformation of the tether chain is studied. The phase diagram shows that the radius of gyration of the tether chain becomes large when there is vibration due to the vibrational disturbance. However, when the vibration frequency is high enough, the average value of radius of gyration will reduce. Under high frequency vibration, the chain has an inerratic variation on its radius of gyration. These properties provide the frequency modulation on the dimension of the chain. The scaling relation proves the dimension of chain increases faster under low frequency vibration. There are also weak resonance and stochastic-resonance-like behaviors in the chain system. These behaviors probably have biological importance.
Endogenous formaldehyde turnover in humans compared with exogenous contribution from food sources

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The FEEDAP Panel received a request to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of formaldehyde used in feed for all animal species based on dossiers submitted by applicants. In parallel, the ANS Panel evaluated the safety of formaldehyde formed from endogenous production and from dietary sources of methanol, including aspartame. In order to support both evaluations, assistance was requested to the SCER unit to evaluate the oral internal dose of formaldehyde in humans from endogenous production, food-derived from target animals exposed to formaldehyde-treated feed and formaldehyde generated from dietary sources of methanol, including from food additives such as aspartame. Endogenous turnover of formaldehyde was estimated to be approximately 0.61-0.91 mg/kg bw per minute and 878-1310 mg/kg bw per day assuming a half life of 1 1.5 min. Compared with formaldehyde turnover and the background levels of formaldehyde from food sources (1.7-1.4 mg/kg b. w per day for a 60-70 kg person), including from dietary methanol, the relative contribution of exogenous formaldehyde from consumption of animal products (milk, meat) from target animals exposed to formaldehyde-treated feed was negligible (<0.001 %). Oral exposure to formaldehyde from aspartame involves metabolism to methanol and further oxidation to formaldehyde. At the current ADI of 40 mg/kg bw per day for aspartame, formaldehyde would be approximately 4 mg/kg bw per day and represent only 0.3-0.4 % of the endogenous turnover of formaldehyde.
Engram decay in artificial neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the process of forgetting, termed 'engram decay', in artificial neural networks is examined for three classes of networks: the self organizing map, fuzzy logic adaptive resonance theory and, maximally connected backpropagation networks. All networks were trained to categorize three varieties of iris. How iris categories are forgotten is shown to be strongly related to the distribution of iris categories in feature space.
US Public Diplomacy: A Cold War Success Story?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The post-'9/11' revival of interest in US public diplomacy encompasses a wide variety of opinions, all overwhelmingly critical. In view of falling global favourability towards and the foreign policy challenges of the United States during this period, the purveyors of these opinions ultimately agree that US public diplomacy efforts are flawed and ineffective. Of these critical observations, it is interesting to track a thread of logic that yearns for the restoration of public diplomacy's Cold War-era standing, which holds that the spread of liberal democracy behind the Berlin Wall owes a debt to the Voice of America and Radio Free Europe, that cultural exchanges with influential members of Soviet society helped to create the groundswell that undermined the communist regime, and that public diplomats made these outcomes possible by being equipped with the necessary tools of statecraft, as well as by wielding an important measure of influence over policy-makers. The fall of the Soviet Union merely underscores their notion that public diplomacy during the Cold War was a success. It would thus seem that the problems of today could be remedied by adopting lessons from the past. This article explores the viability of this claim by reviewing the ongoing debate on how the historical memory and lessons of Cold War-era public diplomacy may be applied to the challenges of the post-'9/11' era. Of particular importance is ascertaining the degree to which the Cold War's campaigns of information, influence and engagement could be viewed as a success. By subdividing public diplomacy's activities in these ways, greater potential exists to attribute these activities to more compelling determinations of success or failure.
Driving factors of runoff and sediment yield effects of various slope ecological restoration measures in the middle reaches of the Yellow River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The middle reaches of the Yellow River, with an exceeding amount of coarse sediment compared to the stream flow and the lower reaches, with severe sediment deposition, are key regions for sediment control in the Yellow River Basin. Recent years have witnessed efforts to return farmland land to forest and grassland and the launch of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, but the effectiveness of these measures remains to be studied. Research on factors influencing runoff depth (RD) and sediment yield (SY) sheds light on the mechanism of soil erosion in the study area. The present study focuses on the standard runoff fields in the Kuye River Basin, where ecological restoration measures (arbor forest land, shrub grassland, natural grassland, artificial grassland, cultivated land, Bare land) for various slope steepness (S) have been taken. Based on a six-year observation of the SY and RD in these fields, we aim to identify the primary factors influencing soil erosion, based on rainfall data and slope gradients. Using rainfall data and slope steepness factors, we explored the dominant factors that influence runoff and SY. The results showed that: (1) the rainfall events with short-duration, medium rainfall, and medium rainfall intensity were the most frequent; (2) the rainfall events with medium duration, heavy rainfall, and heavy rainfall intensity produced the most serious runoff and sediment; (3) using machine learning methods, the researchers found that the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model was the most suitable for the study area, as it provided the best simulation of soil erosion. The structural equation model reveals that there is a significant correlation between runoff depth (RD) and soil erosion modulus (SEM). Time of precipitation (T), average precipitation intensity (I avg ), maximum intensity of precipitation in thirty minutes (I 30 ) and slope steepness (S) are factors that indirectly influence runoff SY. The present study provides technical guidance for the ecological restoration and improvement of different slope surfaces in major sections of the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
Association between muscle‐localized bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters and performance in a multi‐set exercise on the isokinetic dynamometer in young women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to verify the relationship between changes in thigh muscle‐localized bioelectrical impedance analysis (ML‐BIA) parameters and performance in a multiple‐set exercise. The sample consisted of 30 female university students (22.1 ± 3.2 years). The ML‐BIA parameters, including localized muscle resistance (ML‐R), reactance (ML‐Xc), and phase angle (ML‐AngF), were evaluated using a tetrapolar bioelectric impedance device operating at a frequency of 50 KHz. The multiple sets protocol was performed with an isokinetic dynamometer. For body composition, total and leg lean soft tissue (LST) were evaluated using dual X‐ray absortiometry. Student's t ‐test for paired samples was used to compare the ML‐BIA parameters and thigh circumference pre and postexercise. Linear regression analysis was performed to verify the ∆ML‐PhA as a predictor of peak torque for the three sets alone while controlling for total and leg LST. There were differences in the ML‐R (∆ = 0.02 ± 1.45 Ω; p = 0.001; and E.S = 0.19), ML‐Xc (∆ = 2.90 ± 4.12 Ω; p = 0.043; and E.S = 0.36), and thigh circumference (∆ = 0.82 ± 0.60 cm; p < 0.001; and E.S = 0.16) pre‐ and post‐multiple sets. ΔML‐PhA was a predictor of performance in the first set ( p = 0.002), regardless of total and leg LST. However, the ΔML‐PhA lost its explanatory power in the other sets (second and third), and the variables that best explained performance were total and leg LST. The ML‐BIA (ML‐R and ML‐Xc) parameters were sensitive and changed after the multiple sets protocol, and the ΔML‐PhA was a predictor of performance in the first set regardless of the total and leg LST.
An Efficient Model to Detect and Prevent SQL Injection Attack

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SQL injection attack (SQLIA) is considered one of most threats used to attack web applications. Therefore, attackers used SQL injection vulnerability to gain ultimate access to databases that belong to applications and expose their sensitive information. Thus, attackers use SQL injections vulnerability to manipulate data also it could be used to take full control of the target machine. Accordingly, several methods were proposed in the literature to address this vulnerability widely because of its importance and high impact on the security of web applications. Thus, we propose a model to detect and prevent SQL injection attacks, which uses runtime validation to detect the occurrence of such attacks, our proposed model is adaptable to any existing system, with no need to modify the client or server and either no need to know web application source code. Furthermore, the modification independence is done by adding additional middleware between client and server. Thus, any check process is done on this middleware, and it is represented as a proxy that can do sanitize the inputs for detecting and preventing SQLIA. Furthermore, our proposed model accuracy reaches 86:6% for detecting and preventing SQLIA.
Development of Low-Cost Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Capture

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CO2 capture plays an important role to mitigate CO2 emissions. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as promising absorbents for CO2 separation have raised lots of attention. As a new class of ionic liquids (ILs), DESs maintain most of the favorite properties of ILs but avoid their economic and environmental problems. However, the viscosity of the synthesized DESs is relatively high, resulting in slow mass transfer rate (or slow sorption kinetics) and then may lead to a large equipment-size. The CO2 solubility in the DESs still needs to be improved. In our work, 35 DESs were prepared and screened in terms of their CO2 solubility and viscosity. Among them, 15 DESs with high CO2 solubility and low viscosity compared to the conventional ILs were chosen as the promising candidates. In addition, the effect of water as a co-solvent for the glycerol-based DES with relatively high viscosity was investigated, and two other DESs that demonstrated relatively high sorption capacity and low viscosity were chosen for functionalization to further improve their CO2 sorption capacity. The results showed that the viscosity decreased drastically from 716 to 20 mPa·s, while the CO2 solubility increased from 0.26 to 0.33 mol/kg DES by the addition of a small amount of water into the glycerol-based DES (BTMA/GLY (1:2)). The further increase of the amount of H2O decreased the CO2 solubility due to the low CO2 solubility in H2O. In addition, after functionalization of TPAC/ EA(1:4), the CO2 solubility increased from 1.4 to 3.2 mol/kg DES, which showed a better performance compared with the common ILs.
Introduction

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Through their capacity to recognize, phagocytose and inactivate invading microorganisms, phagocytic cells have a key role in the innate immune response and host defense. During this process there is an intimate interplay between different recognition mechanisms displayed by both the host cells and the microorganisms. Understanding the complex process of phagocytosis requires insight into the mechanisms of receptor function, signal transduction, actin-based movements, membrane and vesicle trafficking, and oxidative activation, as well as how pathogens interfere with and subvert these processes. The complexity is thus in part due to the diversity of receptors capable of stimulating phagocytosis, and in part due to the capacity of different microbes to influence their own fate, as they are recognized and internalized. It is now evident that pathogens are not passive bystanders evading phagocytosis and intracellular killing, but have evolved specific means of subverting the process of phagocytosis through different mechanisms, involving inhibition of opsonization and receptor recognition, inactivation of specific GTPases, dephosphorylation, inhibition of PI-3 kinases, and actin polymerization. Studies of the pathogenicity strategies of bacteria such as Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Shigella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Listeria monocytogenes have not only shed light on microbial pathogenicity but have also been useful tools for elucidating the phagocytic process per se. Understanding how Listeria escapes from the phagosome by forming an actin-rich tail has revealed how actin polymerization is initiated and controlled.
The Effects of Incorrect Occlusion Cues on the Understanding of Barehanded Referencing in Collaborative Augmented Reality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many collaborative tasks, the need for joint attention arises when one of the users wants to guide others to a specific location or target in space. If the collaborators are co-located and the target position is in close range, it is almost instinctual for users to refer to the target location by pointing with their bare hands. While such pointing gestures can be efficient and effective in real life, performance will be impacted if the target is in augmented reality (AR), where depth cues like occlusion may be missing if the pointer’s hand is not tracked and modeled in 3D. In this paper, we present a study utilizing head-worn AR displays to examine the effects of incorrect occlusion cues on spatial target identification in a collaborative barehanded referencing task. We found that participants’ performance in AR was reduced compared to a real-world condition, but also that they developed new strategies to cope with the limitations of AR. Our work also identified mixed results of the effect of spatial relationships between users.