jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantum Effects on Rayleigh—Taylor Instability of Incompressible Plasma in a Vertical Magnetic Field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum effects on Rayleigh—Taylor instability of a stratified incompressible plasmas layer under the influence of vertical magnetic field are investigated. The solutions of the linearized equations of motion together with the boundary conditions lead to deriving the relation between square normalized growth rate and square normalized wave number in two algebraic equations and are numerically analyzed. In the case of the real solution of these two equations, they can be combined to generate a single equation. The results show that the presence of vertical magnetic field beside the quantum effect will bring about more stability on the growth rate of unstable configuration.
Single Turn Peptide Alpha Helices with Exceptional Stability in Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cyclic pentapeptides are not known to exist in alpha-helical conformations. CD and NMR spectra show that specific 20-membered cyclic pentapeptides, Ac-(cyclo-1,5) [KxxxD]-NH(2) and Ac-(cyclo-2,6)-R[KxxxD]-NH(2), are highly alpha-helical structures in water and independent of concentration, TFE, denaturants, and proteases. These are the smallest alpha-helical peptides in water.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Large Duodenal Bulb Polyps - A Single Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Sporadic nonampullary duodenal (NAD) polyps are an uncommon entity. Most of these polyps are located in the descending duodenum and less frequently in the duodenal bulb. NAD polyps are usually asymptomatic and picked up as an incidental finding on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) although some polyps might cause anemia, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding. NAD polyps located in the duodenal bulb are often significantly smaller than the ones located in the descending and third portion of the duodenum. We are reporting a series of seven patients with large (≥10 mm) duodenal bulb polyps that we encountered at our institution. Results: From June 2010 till August 2011, 15 cases of duodenal bulb polyps were diagnosed on EGD. Seven patients (3 males, 4 females, mean age 66.6 years) had large polyps (≥10 mm) and the rest of the patients had smaller polyps (<10 mm). Mean polyp size was 16.7 mm (range 10-35 mm). Five polyps were in the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb while two were close to the duodenal sweep. Most common clinical presentation was anemia (4 cases) followed by abdominal pain (2 cases). All patients with large duodenal bulb polyps underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination prior to management. Six cases were managed endoscopically (3 endoscopic mucosal resection, 1 snare polypectmy, 2 combination of endo-loop and snare polypectomy) without any complications while 1 was resected surgically as the polyp was extending into and through the muscularis propria. Histologically, 3 polyps were carcinoid tumors, 2 Tubular adenomas and 1 Lipoma. The only non-neoplastic pathology was inflamed hyperplastic polyp. Seven of the eight small polyps were biopsied; none was neoplastic (4 heterotopic “folded” gastric mucosa, 1 brunner gland hyperplasia, 1 inflamed hyperplastic polyp and 1 normal duodenal mucosa). Conclusion: Most of the large duodenal bulb polyps in our retrospective review were neoplastic. EUS-assisted endoscopic removal of these polyps was an effective and safe treatment modality.Table: [264] Seven cases of large duodenal bulb polyps
La vasectomia a sostegno del piacere: analisi casistica e considerazioni medico legali

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Italy, the resort to vasectomy, surgery adapted to determine an irreversible alteration of the physical state of an individual, resulting in the loss of the ability to procreate, is somewhat reduced compared to the others European countries, even though legitimate, it carries the disadvantage of the absence of a clear and univocal legislation concerning surgical sterilization. Despite, in recent years there has been a change in the assessment of such surgery. Nevertheless, is relevant that in the Italian legal system still lacks a regulatory of such medical-surgery activities, although several bills have been submitted to the competent parliamentary bodies. The attitude of indifference to the problem is also evident from the analysis of the provisions relating to assistance by the SSN, even if the vasectomy and the voluntary sterilization have been included in the reimbursable procedure’s list. On the basis of these assumptions the authors report - for the peculiarity of the case and that the issue is of interest in forensic discipline - a case came to their attention, and the data from medical records relating to the 64 requests of vasectomy received during the period of between January 2000 and October 2011 in a hospital in Lombardy, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the existing protocol in use at that hospital: in addition, there are deficiencies in the informed consent forms
524 Simulation of Progressive Shear Strain Accumulation in Adhesive Layer under Cyclic Loading of Single-lap Joint using Highly Ductile Acrylic Adhesive

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the behavior of progressive shear strain accumulation (viscoplastic ratcheting) using highly ductile acrylic adhesive under cyclic loading. From experimental observation in load-controlled cyclic tests, we can see three stages of strain accumulation: the primary stage where first the ratcheting progresses rapidly; the secondary stage where the rate is kept almost constant; and the tertiary stage where the rate increases rapidly with cycles, and it leads to final fracture of joint. In order to discuss the behavior, the numerical simulation of ratcheting was conducted using our original damage model of elasto-viscoplasticity for the adhesive.
Effect of Harvest and Drying on Composition of Volatile Profile of Elderflowers (Sambucus nigra) from Wild

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Volatile compounds emitted by elderflowers ( Sambucus nigra L.) at various stages (blooming on the bush, and at different stages after harvesting) were analyzed to investigate changes in the composition of volatile profiles induced by two drying procedures. Solid-phase microextraction and simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction were used for concentration of volatiles. Analyses of extracts were performed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer or a flame ionization detector. On-site field sampling of volatiles followed-up by chromatographic analysis provided interesting information, including insect pheromones from 55 % to 79 % of the total peak area in the GC/MS chromatograms. Composition of aroma compounds of harvested elderflowers was strongly influenced by the type of drying procedure, where the content of some volatiles decreased and some substances even occur due to ongoing physicochemical processes. Changes in volatile profile caused by harvesting were also observed.
Isolation of Oospolactone as Antifungal Principle ofGloeophyllum sepiarium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Isolation of Oospolactone as Antifungal Principle of Gloeophyllum sepiarium Get access Shoichi Nakajima, Shoichi Nakajima Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Ebara 2–4–41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ken-ichi Kawai, Ken-ichi Kawai Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Ebara 2–4–41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shizue Yamada, Shizue Yamada Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Ebara 2–4–41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yuko Sawai Yuko Sawai Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Ebara 2–4–41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 4, 1 April 1976, Pages 811–812, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862130 Published: 01 April 1976 Article history Received: 07 October 1975 Published: 01 April 1976
Supplementary Material for: Disentanglement of Discordant Monochorionic-Monoamniotic Twins in a Triplet Pregnancy: An Innovative Approach Utilizing Fetoscopic Laser Coagulation with Micro-Laparoscopic Scissor Dissection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Triplet gestations are associated with high perinatal morbidity. Dichorionic-diamniotic triplet pregnancies with growth discordance, polyhydramnios and structural anomalies carry a significantly increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality from the baseline risks of high-order multiple pregnancies. Intrauterine fetal death of one fetus of a monochorionic pregnancy may cause neurological injury to the surviving fetus. We present a case where an innovative technique was created combining use of the fetoscopic laser and miniature laparoscopic instruments to selectively reduce and disentangle the umbilical cord of the acranial growth-restricted fetus from the structurally normal fetus's umbilical cord in a dichorionic-diamniotic triplet pregnancy.
What Influences the Willingness of Community Physicians to Provide Palliative Care for Patients with Terminal Cancer? Evidence from a Nationwide Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Community physicians have a vital role in delivering palliative care, yet their will-ingness and factors that influence its provision have rarely been explored. Our aims were to identify the willingness of community physicians to provide palliative care for patients with ter-minal cancer and to investigate the factors that influence their willingness to provide such care. Methods: Through a structured questionnaire, this nationwide study surveyed 708 community physicians who were potential pilots to provide palliative care. Four hundred and ten valid questionnaires (58.0%) were retrieved and analysed. Results: The majority of respondents expressed a willingness (92.4%) to provide palliative care if they encountered patients with terminal cancer. However, they would limit their ser-vices to consultation (83.4%) and referral (86.8%), and were less likely to see patients and prescribe medicine (62.0%), to provide phone follow-ups (45.6%), to provide home visits (42.2%) or to offer bereavement care for the family (35.1%). The results of stepwise logistic regression analysis for the willingness to provide home visits showed that ‘less perception of barriers’, ‘family medicine specialist ’ and ‘older than 50 years ’ significantly predicted higher
DTIRF: Predicting Drug-Target Interactions Based on Improved Rotation Forest from Drug Molecular Structure and Protein Sequence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Background: The identification and prediction of Drug-Target Interaction (DTI) is the basis for screening drug candidates, which plays a vital role in the development of innovative drugs. However, due to the time-consuming and high cost constraints of biological experimental methods, traditional drug target identification technologies are often difficult to develop on a large scale. Therefore, in silico methods are urgently needed to predict drug-target interactions in a genome-wide manner. Results: In this article, we design a new in silico approach, named DTIRF, to predict the DTI combine feature weighted Rotation Forest (FwRF) classifier with protein amino acids information. More specifically, we first use Position-Specific Score Matrix (PSSM) to numerically convert protein sequences and utilize Pseudo Position-Specific Score Matrix (PsePSSM) to extract their features. Then a unified digital descriptor is formed by combining molecular fingerprints representing drug information. Finally, the feature weighted rotation forest is applied to implement on Enzyme, Ion Channel, GPCR, and Nuclear Receptor data sets. The results of the five-fold cross-validation experiment show that the prediction accuracy of this approach reaches 91.68%, 88.11%, 84.72% and 78.33% on four benchmark data sets, respectively. To further validate the performance of the DTIRF, we compare it with other excellent methods and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. In addition, 7 of the 10 highest predictive scores in predicting novel DTIs were validated by relevant databases. Conclusions: The experimental results of cross-validation indicated that DTIRF is feasible in predicting the relationship among drugs and target, and can provide help for the discovery of new candidate drugs.
Smartphone Stories: Experiences of Blind and Low Vision Older Adults in Acquiring a Smartphone

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Older adults experience challenges with adopting novel technology due to intrinsic and social factors. However, the mobile phone adoption experiences of blind and low vision (BLV) older adults have largely been unexplored. We shed light on the socio-technical aspects of mobile phone adoption based on deep qualitative interviews with five BLV adults aged 60 and above. We found that narratives of smartphone accessibility can be misleading, expert knowledge is needed although scarce, and although smartphones increase access to society, using a smartphone with accessibility features for BLV people can be isolating. We present design implications for smartphones in order to improve shared access to the phone environment and to support inclusion and independent learning following smartphone adoption.
The Accuracy of the Joint Measurement of Two Information Parameters of the Useful Signal under the Influence of Additive and Multiplicative Noises

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of the influence of multiplicative noise acting simultaneously with additive noise in the form of white noise on the accuracy of the joint measurement of two information parameters of the useful signal at a low level of this noise is carried out. The conditions are determined when two signal parameters are measured together and one of them is the frequency, there are error variances equal to the variances when each of the parameters is measured separately. The accuracy of the joint measurement of frequency and time of arrival of the useful signal is determined. It is shown that for signals without angular modulation, errors in measuring the frequency and time of arrival of the signal do not depend on whether these parameters are measured separately or jointly. The variances of errors of the joint measurement of parameters under the influence of slow multiplicative noise are determined. The accuracy of the joint measurement of frequency and time of arrival of the frequency-modulated signal is determined. It is shown that when frequency and arrival time of a broadband frequency-modulated signal are measured together, the effect of multiplicative noise is much stronger than when these parameters are measured separately. For the latter case, the measurement error coefficient is determined.
The examination of molecular structure properties of 4,4′-oxydiphthalonitrile compound: combined spectral and computational analysis approaches

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis process, X-ray diffraction analysis of its single crystal form and the structural properties of the 4,4′-oxydiphthalonitrile compound by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectral methods were reported in this study. Density functional theory studies of the compound were carried out by designed modeling with the Becke three-parameter hybrid functional combined with Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional and 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Some molecular structure parameters obtained theoretically were compared with those obtained from the crystallographic analysis. Vibrational modes and wavenumbers with the aid of the potential energy distribution analysis, carbon and proton chemical shift values with diversified approaches and absorption wavelengths using Time-Dependent Density Functional and Conductor-Like Polarizable Continuum Model in different solvent media were examined theoretically. The compatibility of spectral and theoretical results was evaluated by examining the correlation coefficients. In addition, the frontier molecular orbitals energies, global reactivity parameters, molecular electrostatic potential map, the potential for non-linear optical material and some thermodynamic parameters at different temperature values of the 4,4'-oxydiphthalonitrile compound were investigated at the same theoretical level.
Organizational Transactive Memory Systems

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The transactive memory system (TMS) concept has been extended from dyads and groups to organizations. While organizational TMS literature helps to understand how employees locate and utilize information based on their awareness of “who knows what” and “who knows who,” conceptual development is beneficial because TMS has been extended to organizations without clear definitions and levels-of-analysis rationale. Drawing from the social psychology and network literature, this paper identifies several aspects requiring further conceptual attention, and defines organizational TMS as overlapping networks of interdependent work groups that use each other as external cognitive aids to accomplish shared tasks. Suggestions for managing and measuring organizational TMS are provided.
Standing Wave Design Method for Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography in Biochemical Separation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC) is widely used as an efficient method for separation, and the standing wave design suits low pressure SMPC system. In this paper the theory of SWD and it application study in determination the operation parameters were introduced, the research process on SWD for SMBC in the field of biochemical separation was also reviewed.
Accuracy of neuronavigated pedicle screw placement by using a robotic 3D flat panel C-arm CT in a hybrid operating room

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The continuously increasing number of spinal stabilization demands a constant improvement of accurate pedicle screw placement to reduce possible complications and postoperative morbidities. Consequentially the use of spinal navigation systems has become more frequent in the vast majority [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Skills: Study of Higher Education Students in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The nation's economy has grown as a result of entrepreneurial activity. Through innovative programs and a research-oriented culture, formal and informal educational institutions must play a significant role in cultivating an entrepreneurial spirit in Indonesian higher education students. The development of initial entrepreneurial competencies, which are then manifested in entrepreneurial activities, is primarily facilitated by educational institutions. This study will examine the extent to which Indonesian higher education students' entrepreneurial skills are influenced by entrepreneurial education. This research is important as part of the academic contribution the concentration on increasing the number of young entrepreneurs in Indonesia which needs to be continuously improved. This study will use a causal design approach with structural equation modeling (SEM) as a statistical approach to testing the constructed constructs and hypotheses. The number of samples used in this study were 225 respondents from business activists at Indonesian Higher Education Students. The study shows that Indonesian university students' entrepreneurial skills are significantly influenced by entrepreneurial education.
Advancements in multi-projection system illumination and the challenges of coherent light sources

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are several aspects of optimizing multi projection system illumination. A main driver in the illumination performance are the light sources, their spectral characteristics, brightness and etendue. The impact of these characteristics on the architecture of illumination design and their implications for key performance metrics such as luminous flux and projectable color space is addressed. The transformative role of solid-state light sources, which have advanced the development of illuminations with high luminous flux and wide color spaces is stressed. The emergence of new challenges posed by the latest generation of coherent light sources is highlighted and advanced illumination design strategies to overcome them are presented.
Construction of a magnetic bottle spectrometer and its application to pulse duration measurement of X-ray laser using a pump-probe method

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To characterize the temporal evolution of ultrashort X-ray pulses emitted by laser plasmas using a pump-probe method, a magnetic bottle time-of-flight electron spectrometer is constructed. The design is determined by numerical calculations of a mirror magnetic field and of the electron trajectory in a flight tube. The performance of the spectrometer is characterized by measuring the electron spectra of xenon atoms irradiated with a laser-driven plasma X-ray pulse. In addition, two-color above-threshold ionization (ATI) experiment is conducted for measurement of the X-ray laser pulse duration, in which xenon atoms are simultaneously irradiated with an X-ray laser pump and an IR laser probe. The correlation in the intensity of the sideband spectra of the 4d inner-shell photoelectrons and in the time delay of the two laser pulses yields an X-ray pulse width of 5.7 ps, in good agreement with the value obtained using an X-ray streak camera.
Determination of Aspartame and Its Major Decomposition Products in Foods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A liquid chromatographic procedure already evaluated in a preceding study for the analysis of acesulfam-K is also suitable for the determination of the intense sweetener aspartame in tabletop sweetener, candy, fruit beverage, fruit pulp, soft drink, yogurt, cream, cheese, and chocolate preparations. The method also allows the determination of aspartame’s major decomposition products: diketopiperazine, aspartylphenylalanine, and phenylalanine. Samples are extracted or diluted with water and filtered. Complex matrixes are centrifuged or clarified with Carrez solutions. An aliquot of the extract is analyzed on a reversed-phase μBondapak C18 column using 0.0125M KH2P04 (pH 3.5)-acetonitrile ([85 + 15] or [98 + 2]) as mobile phase. Detection is performed by UV absorbance at 214 nm. Recoveries ranged from 96.1 to 105.0%. Decomposition of the sweetener was observed in most food samples. However, the total aspartame values (measured aspartame + breakdown products) were within -10% and +5% of the declared levels. The repeatabilities and the repeatability coefficients of variation were, respectively, 1.00 mg/100 g and 1.34% for products containing less than 45 mg/100 g aspartame and 4.11 mg/100 g and 0.91 % for other products. The technique is precise and sensitive. It enables the detection of many food additives or natural constituents, such as other intense sweeteners, organic acids, and alkaloids, in the same run without interfering with aspartame or its decomposition products. The method is consequently suitable for quality control or monitoring.