jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Transition Probabilities in the Visible Spectra of O I and C I and Estimation of Vacuum Ultra-violet Radiation Standards

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Previously measured lines λλ3947, 4368, 5330, 5436 of O I and 4770, 4932, 5040, 5052, 5380 Å of C I have been remeasured using vortex arc methods. The new recommended transition probabilities in sec-1 × 105 are, for O I, 3.29, 8.57, 19.6, 29.4 and for C I 9.9, 32, 2.2, 12.6, 10.5 respectively. An axial temperature of 12 436 °K is found for a 50 amp, 8 mm diameter, water vortex arc. The absolute radiation from this arc is computed for Lyman α and O I λ 1302 Å to be 4.88 × 105 and 7.47 × 105 ergs sec-1 cm-2 sterad-1 (cm-1)-1 near the line centres respectively.
Changes in bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and polyphenols of red beetroots dehydrated in oven, microwave, and infrared systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Backround The antioxidant capacity of red beetroot has an important role in promoting human health and preventing degenerative diseases and cancer. Beetroot and colorful root vegetables are rich in phenol compounds with antioxidant properties. Results In this study, changes in total phenolic and flavonoid amounts and antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents of red beets heated in oven, microwave (MW), and infrared (IR) systems were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the red beetroots heated in oven, MW, and IR were determined between 327.85 (IR) and 619.27 mg GAE/100 g (oven) to 674.03 (IR) and 1089.24 mg/100 g (MW), respectively. Also, the antioxidant activity values of dehydrated red beet samples varied between 0.02 (IR) and 4.73 mmol/kg (Oven). The values of total phenolic, total flavonoid values, and antioxidant activities of the red beet samples were most affected by infrared. Gallic acid and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid amounts of red beet samples were identified between 47.54 (Oven) and 438.65 mg/100 g (MW) to 15.98 (IR) and 45.44 mg/100 g (MW), respectively. Also, the highest p ‐coumaric acid (8.50 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (6.26 mg/100 g), resveratrol (2.55 mg/100 g), quercetin (4.69 mg/1000 g), cinnamic acid (0.21 mg/100 g), and kaempferol (0.64 mg/100 g) were established in red beets dehydrated in MW system. Conclusion When the red beet is desired to be rich in total phenolic and total flavonoid components, conventional and microwave oven cooking should be preferred, respectively. The phenolic components of the red beets dehydrated in the microwave were found to be high (except caffeic acid) compared with oven and IR.
Influence of Capsaicin on Growth Performance,Serum Indicators and Small Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity of Xianghuang Chicken

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study is han about the effect of capsaicin on growth performance,serum indicators and small intestinal digestive enzyme activity of Hunan chicken.There were 4 treatment groups:control,10 mg/kg capsaicin(group A),50 mg/kg capsaicin(group B),100 mg/kg capsaicin(group C).The results showed that Feed/gain and Triglyceride in group A are higher than those in the remaining groups(P0.05)and no significant difference among the remaining groups was observed(P0.05).The Chymotrypsin in the group A was higher than that of group C and control group.There is no significant difference between group A and B,group B as well as group C and control group.The results showed that a certain dose of capsaicin(10 mg/kg)can improve the feed intake and feed conversion and accelerate the fat metabolism as well.It also reduces the serum cholesterol level and promotes the intestinal digestive enzyme activities.But higher dose(above 50 mg/kg)may cause negative effect.
Pulsewidth Modulation Strategy in Double-Delta Sourced Winding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power conversion systems based on double-delta sourced winding (DDSW) had an optimization issue in terms of pulsewidth modulation (PWM). This issue was about inefficient employments of voltage levels during PWM and had to be considered for minimizing voltage stresses and current ripples on DDSW. In this paper, a novel method has been proposed to improve the performance of PWM in DDSW-based systems. The proposed method can be simply implemented as a carrier-based PWM and its principles are neatly summarized with equations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with experimental results, which were obtained by using a transformer and an induction machine.
SH0804722.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Lupus Journey: The Challenge of Obstructıve Hydrocephalus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition known for its diverse clinical presentations. Neuropsychiatric SLE refers to neurological or psychiatric symptoms that arise once other potential causes have been ruled out. While hydrocephalus occurring in the context of SLE is exceedingly rare and its underlying mechanism remains elusive, its recognition is crucial for informed management decisions. A 20-year-old female patient, diagnosed with SLE, had been under our rheumatology clinic's care for two years. She recently presented with confusion, which emerged a year after her initial diagnosis. Brain tomography revealed obstructive hydrocephalus, and subsequent investigations ruled out other potential causes, linking the condition to her clinical SLE. After consulting with a neurosurgeon, a ventricular drainage catheter was inserted. In response to this hydrocephalus development, a regimen of pulse steroid therapy was administered. Following this, mycophenolate mofetil was prescribed as an immunosuppressant agent and her clinical condition was successfully stabilized.
Endoscopic treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma: A minimally invasive approach combined with radiation therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE In a retrospective analysis we discuss our experience in the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma (ON), a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Nine patients with olfactory neuroblastoma were treated at the Bolognini Hospital of Seriate and at the Department of Otolaryngology of “La Sapienza” University of Rome combining endoscopic surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. All patients were staged according to Kadish criteria. No chemotherapy was administered in any cases. Local radiation therapy was started postoperatively in all the cases. RESULTS All patients, over an average follow‐up which ranged from 26 through 60 months, are actually alive with non evidence of disease (NED). CONCLUSIONS Despite the short follow‐up in this small series of patients, we suggest endoscopic surgery combined with postoperative radiation therapy as an alternative to the conventional modalities of treatment for esthesioneuroblastoma in selected cases. © 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Local and systemic interactions of Aulacorthum solani and Myzus persicae on tomato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Herbivorous insects frequently share host plants and require similar abiotic conditions. Therefore, they often occur simultaneously in crops. Tomato plants express intrinsic and induced defence mechanisms against a variety of herbivorous insects like aphids. Factors associated with the aphids’ sucking activity can affect subsequent herbivores directly or indirectly through different defence reactions in the plant. The plant response to preliminary herbivory can be negative as well as beneficial for subsequent attackers. The present study was aimed to investigate intra- and interspecific interactions between the two aphid species Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach and Myzus persicae Sulzer (both Hemiptera: Aphididae) on a local and systemic level regarding subsequent aphid infestations on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)). Intraspecific but no interspecific effects were observed. Both aphid species responded to a previous infestation of conspecific aphids with reduced reproduction when feeding on an adjacent (systemic) leaf. However, no significant effects were observed locally on the same pre-infested leaf, except that A. solani showed an accelerated development on these leaves. Our study reveals specific interactions of the two aphid species A. solani and M. persicae on tomato and indicates different associated defence reactions of the plant. The aphid performance reactions on previous infestation events as well as possible plant mechanisms and advantages for the plant are discussed.
Centrifugal Sedimentation of Virus Particles for Electron Microscopic Counting

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Centrifuge cells with conical chambers were provided by using special inserts for the stainless-steel tubes that fit the Spinco SW-39 rotor. Particulate material, centrifuged in these cells, was collected on carbon-coated glass discs. These discs were exposed to OsO 4 vapor, dehydrated in graded alcohols, air-dried, and metal-shadowed. The metal-shadowed carbon film was floated from the glass, mounted on a grid, and examined. A knowledge of cell geometry and microscope magnification allowed correlation of the number of particles observed to a volume of the original suspension. A precision of ±6% at the 95% confidence level was attained when counting approximately 100 particles per 10,000 × field. Applications and advantages of the method are discussed.
[Influence of radiotherapy on lymphocyte stimulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than 300 lymphocyte cultures of 12 patients with seminomas were examined during the prophylactic radiotherapy and, in several cases, during an extended period until 20.5 months after the end of the treatment. The object of this study was to find out by measuring the capacity of the lymphocytes to be stimulated in vitro wheather they could be damaged by the radiotherapy. Among other reasons, the above mentioned patients were chosen because they had been submitted to irradiations of vast volumes of lymphatic tissues at a uniform focal dose of 4000 rad. The different opinions expressed in the literature (stimulation decreassed resp. increased resp. unchanged) are reflected by our results in such a way that we did not find a qualitative loss of the capacity to be stimulated cultures. The problem of the different opinions about the capacity of lymphocytes to be stimulated after a radiotherapy appears; among other things, to be based on different examination methods. According to these methods- morphological determination of the relative number of lymphoblasts, synthesis of DNA by fluid scintillation counting, or determination of the number of surviving cells in vitro -different results are obtained. It seems not possible to use the lymphocyte stimulation in vitro as a method of testing clinical sideefects occuring during the characteristics of immunity and radiation biology are not differentiated in a more precise manner.
Motor Coordination and Strategic Cooperation in Joint Action

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Naturalistic joint action between two agents typically requires both motor coordination and strategic cooperation. However, these two fundamental processes have systematically been studied independently. We presented 50 dyads of adult participants with a novel collaborative task that combined different levels of motor noise with different levels of strategic noise, to determine whether the sense of agency (the experience of control over an action) reflects the interplay between these low-level (motor) and high-level (strategic) dimensions. We also examined how dominance in motor control could influence prosocial behaviors. We found that self-agency was particularly dependent on motor cues, whereas joint agency was particularly dependent on strategic cues. We suggest that the prime importance of strategic cues to joint agency reflects the co-representation of coagents’ interests during the task. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in prosocial strategies in agents who exerted dominant motor control over joint action, showing that the strategic dimension of human interactions is also susceptible to the influence of low-level motor characteristics.
GPU code generation for ODE-based applications with phased shared-data access patterns

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a novel code generation scheme for GPUs. Its key feature is the platform-aware generation of a heterogeneous pool of threads. This exposes more data-sharing opportunities among the concurrent threads and reduces the memory requirements that would otherwise exceed the capacity of the on-chip memory. Instead of the conventional strategy of focusing on exposing as much parallelism as possible, our scheme leverages on the phased nature of memory access patterns found in many applications that exhibit massive parallelism. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our code generation strategy on a computational systems biology application. This application consists of computing a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) approximation of the dynamics of signalling pathways described as a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The approximation algorithm involves (i) sampling many (of the order of a few million) times from the set of initial states, (ii) generating trajectories through numerical integration, and (iii) storing the statistical properties of this set of trajectories in Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs) of a DBN via a prespecified discretization of the time and value domains. The trajectories can be computed in parallel. However, the intermediate data needed for computing them, as well as the entries for the CPTs, are too large to be stored locally. Our experiments show that the proposed code generation scheme scales well, achieving significant performance improvements on three realistic signalling pathways models. These results suggest how our scheme could be extended to deal with other applications involving systems of ODEs.
Changes in breast density during hormone treatment with transdermal estrogens alone or in combination with progesterone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective observational study to assess whether hormonal treatment (HT) with transdermal estrogens alone or in combination with micronized progesterone increases breast density and to compare these changes to those of a control group of 4120 patients were not given HT. We included 150 patients whose baseline breast density was assessed with photon-counting spectral mammography and 1 year after hormone treatment. The reduction in breast density was compared using an analysis of covariance. The difference in breast density between mammographies in the HT group was -0.40 ± 5.5 and -0.85 ± 4.2 in the control group. The changes in density according to the type of HT, we found that women on treatment with estrogen alone presented a difference of 0.44 ± 5.8, and -1.35 ± 5 (p = 0.13) in women on combined treatment. After adjusting changes in density for age and average number of days between mammographies, we observed a difference of -0.36 95% confidence intervals (CI) [-1.04 to -0.31] in the women on HT and -0.71 95% CI [-1.65 to -0.21] in the control group. No increased breast density was observed in women on HT treatment, nor did we observe an increase according to HT type. The difference in breast density loss was smaller in the HT group versus the control group.
Stability studies of tablets containing 5 mg of policosanol.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The stability studies of tablets containing 5 mg of policosanol, a new cholesterol lowering drug, were conducted to predict an expiration date and to search the appearance of putative degradation products. All quality parameters such as colour, moisture content, hardness, disintegration, policosanol content and microbiological limits of the tablets were assessed. The effect of extreme treatments such as acid and basic hydrolysis, oxidative and photolytic degradation as well as thermal degradation, on the policosanol content was studied. In addition, studies under extreme conditions of storage [(40 +/- 2) degree C and (75 +/- 5)% R.H.] as well as 37, 45, 55 and 60 degrees C combined with 50, 75 and 92% R.H.) and under ambient conditions of storage for climatic zones II and IV were performed. These studies demonstrate that these tablets are a stable pharmaceutical formulation, without significant changes in their quality criteria at the stressed conditions used, so that policosanol content remains unchanged during the entire studies. The chromatographic profile of the samples after 9 months of thermal degradation shows chromatographic peaks that corresponds to the palmitate and stearate esters of octacosanoyl, triacontanoyl and hexacosanoyl, being the only degradation products observed on these studies.
Stage prediction of embryonic stem cell differentiation from genome-wide expression data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: The developmental stage of a cell can be determined by cellular morphology or various other observable indicators. Such classical markers could be complemented with modern surrogates, like whole-genome transcription profiles, that can encode the state of the entire organism and provide increased quantitative resolution. Recent findings suggest that such profiles provide sufficient information to reliably predict the cell's developmental stage. Results: We use whole-genome transcription data and several data projection methods to infer differentiation stage prediction models for embryonic cells. Given a transcription profile of an uncharacterized cell, these models can then predict its developmental stage. In a series of experiments comprising 14 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, we demonstrate that the approach is robust and has excellent prediction ability both within a specific cell line and across different cell lines. Availability: Model inference and computational evaluation procedures in the form of Python scripts and accompanying datasets are available at http://www.biolab.si/supp/stagerank. Contact: blaz.zupan@fri.uni-lj.si Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The never-ending story of Steel in the construction sector: three examples of recycling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Construction sector is the major user of Steel, and recycling is very important for the sector itself and also for the Steel industry, as a secondary raw material. Recycling demonstrations of three building components (steel sandwich panels with polyurethane foam-steel composite structures made of beams, profiled sheeting and reinforcement bars-steel profiles combined with plasterboard partitions) have shown that these steel components are easy to separate and produce a high quality scrap that ensure the profitability of this end-of-life treatment.
Ultrasonographic versus clinical evaluation of a pelvic mass.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasonography has become an essential tool in the practice of modern obstetrics. Its usefulness in the evaluation of a pelvic mass in gynecologic practice remains unclear. The present investigation is a comparison of pelvic examination findings and preoperative ultrasound findings in 72 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for a pelvic mass at the Nation Naval Medical Center. Of the 72 patients, 65 (90%) were correctly diagnosed as having a pelvic mass by both pelvic examination and ultrasonography. The ultrasound study had a 5.6% false-negative rate (4 patients), and 4.4% (3 patients) had false-positive pelvic examinations. There was no significant difference by chi 2 analysis in accuracy between ultrasonography and pelvic examination in detection, estimation of size, or determining the unilateral or bilateral position of the mass (P less than .05). Ultrasonography was significantly more accurate in determining the cystic or solid nature of the mass (P greater than .05). In no patient was the decision to perform exploratory laparotomy altered by the preoperative ultrasound study. It is concluded from this investigation that routine ultrasonography is not necessary in the preoperative evaluation of a pelvic mass unless the cystic or solid nature of the mass will modify the patient's treatment.
The Pollino national park in between ecology and development

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Pollino national park in between ecology and development.The Pollino national park covers an area of 192500 ha across Calabria and Basilicata regions (Southern Italy) and includes three main mountain ranges: "Massiccio del Pollino", "Monti di Orsomarso" and "Monte Alpi".Pinus leucodermis is the most important forest tree species, covering an area of 5678 ha, 62% of which is located on the "Massiccio del Pollino" and 38% along the two regional coastlines.Moreover, the very rich and various wildlife living within the park is of remarkable interest, though it has been depauperated through time by the intervention of man.Forest management and planning are fundamental for the preservation of the park, since local forest exploitation is often in contrast with conservation purposes.Management strategies should be applied within the protected areas with the aim of preserving the actual and potential biodiversity of the forests, which often is a priority habitat for the flora and fauna.The establishment of protected areas like the Pollino national park may be a neat example of how to counterbalance local economic growth and development with nature protection purposes.
Bioassay case study applying the maximin D‐optimal design algorithm to the four‐parameter logistic model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cell‐based potency assays play an important role in the characterization of biopharmaceuticals but they can be challenging to develop in part because of greater inherent variability than other analytical methods. Our objective is to select concentrations on a dose–response curve that will enhance assay robustness. We apply the maximin D‐optimal design concept to the four‐parameter logistic (4PL) model and then derive and compute the maximin D‐optimal design for a challenging bioassay using curves representative of assay variation. The selected concentration points from this ‘best worst case’ design adequately fit a variety of 4PL shapes and demonstrate improved robustness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.