jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nanocolloid Quantum Dot Inks for Ink Jet: Recent Developments and Potential Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum dots (QDs) represent a unique subset of nanomaterials characterized by their quantum confinement behavior. Most notably this manifests itself in nanocrystalline semiconductor materials which below a critical dimension (particle size typically < 10 nm), and in contrast to their bulk form, exhibit a remarkable transformation in optical, electronic or magnetic property behavior. From an applications/device perspective they can be predictably tuned according to their size, shape and intrinsic solid state properties. Originally exploitation of this unique behavior was limited to the fabrication of solid state electronic and optoelectronic devices incorporating, for example, epitaxially grown QDs. More significant however has been the recent advent of wet-chemically synthesized QDs, available in a colloidally dispersed form making them amenable to ink jet printing as well as other liquid deposition technologies. These colloidal products now promise to open up commercial opportunities for a myriad of new uses.
Analysis of Duplicate Packing in FruitChain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nakamoto's blockchain faces fairness and security barriers. Recently a famous blockchain protocol called FruitChain has been proposed to solve the two problems. In FruitChain, each miner performs hashing operations with a low difficulty to mine a fruit containing transactions. These fruits are then packed into blocks. The low difficulty implies that many miners might mine fruits in a short interval and the broadcasting nature of the blockchain network means that these miners might pack transactions from a similar transaction set into fruits. Therefore, in FruitChain, a transaction might be packed into multiple fruits. This paper is the first to identify the problem of duplicate packing in FruitChain. We then develop a theoretical model taking into account all kinds of factors (e.g., fruit generation rate, fruit size, network delay) to analyze the probability of duplicate packing of a transaction. Extensive simulations verify that our theoretical model is very accurate. This study is helpful for providing guidance for configuring FruitChain parameters.
Optimization of revenues of a distributed generation portfolio: Industrial pilot results

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Many companies are investing in energy production from renewable energy sources and are looking at ways to optimize their portfolio performance. This pilot aims at maximizing the revenues from such a distributed energy generation portfolio, consisting of gas engines and a photo-voltaic (PV) installation, by actively controlling the available flexibility within a cluster. The gas engines themselves and an on-site water treatment plant (WTP) turned out to be flexible respectively in their electricity production and consumption. This paper presents the preliminary results of the pilot in which smart control was applied to the gas engines. It compares them with the simulation results, which are discussed in a previous paper, as well as with the business as usual (BAU) scenario. Practical issues and their related solutions are discussed. The economic outcomes are also described. The first results from the pilot are in line with the results obtained by the simulations.
Relative Subtest Scatter in the WAIS-IV Standardization Sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The frequencies of differences between highest and lowest subtest scores as a function of highest subtest score (relative scatter), are reported for the standardization sample of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV). Large differences between highest and lowest subtest scores were common. The degree of relative scatter was related to the height of the highest subtest score. For the 10 core WAIS-IV subtests, the correlation between the level of the highest subtest score and the amount of scatter was r = .62; for all 15 subtests the correlation was. 63. The level of the highest subtest score was more strongly related to scatter than was Full Scale IQ. Clinical implications for inferring cognitive impairment and estimating premorbid abilities are discussed. When considering the possibility of acquired cognitive impairment, we recommend caution in the interpretation of subtest score differences.
Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions about Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the major causes of disability and mortality in the world. Despite better efforts to understand this disease, there are still multiple misconceptions regarding the evaluation and management of these complex patients. Purpose: The purpose of this review article is to utilize four hypothetical patient case presentations to dispel common myths regarding the evaluation and management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hypothetical Case Presentations: Natasha, Kevin, Joe and Mary are hypothetical patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whose cases were developed based on clinical experiences and a literature review in order to discredit common myths and misconceptions among clinicians and patients. Common Myths and Misconceptions: Four common myths and misconceptions about patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include: myth #1 symptoms of dyspnea are always reported, myth #2 prolonged cough following an upper respiratory infection is trivial, myth #3 therapy with inhaled corticosteroid plus a long-acting beta 2 agonist is ideal for all newly diagnosed patients, and myth #4 all patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have exacerbations without serious consequences. Throughout this article, we will apply the 2024 Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommendations to these hypothetical patients to debunk each of these myths and misconceptions. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Throughout this article, we have applied information from the literature and 2024 Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease report to dispel common myths and misconceptions. The reality is that symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are variable and not all patients report dyspnea. In addition, initial therapy should include dual long-acting bronchodilator therapy, but inhaled corticosteroids may be added in specific situations, such as patients with documented eosinophilia. Finally, acute exacerbations of this disease often have serious consequences and should be methodically prevented and aggressively treated.
Strategic construction of highly stereoselective glycosidic bonds : new concepts and approaches

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ubiquitously decked on the surfaces of all cell types in nature, complex glycoconjugates play central roles in the development, cooperation, and vitality of an organism, henceforth ushering in the need to synthesize these structures. Multitudinous approaches to construct glycosidic bonds in a highly stereoselective or highly convergent manner for one-pot and large scale applications have steadily emerged over the last two decades. Nonetheless, the available techniques are widely diverse in strategies, thus discouraging the applications in large scale and combinatorial chemistry. An efficient and universal method to confidently prepare various glycoconjugates has not been established yet due to the fragmented state of glycosylation methods. This thesis work focuses on the development of new methodologies for O-glycosylation by converging existing concepts into novel chemical functionalities that retain the best of each individual approach but offer a more diverse and versatile toolset.
OS1105-342 Strength Evaluation of Curved CFRP Laminated Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Strength evaluations of L-shaped CFRP laminates were conducted by 4-point bending method based on ASTM D 6415/D 6415M-06a. Unidirectional CFRP laminates and quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates were used as the specimens. In the former specimens, just interlaminar delamination has been observed, however in the latter specimens, transverse cracking as well as delamination has occurred. Interlaminar tensile strength of unidirectional CFRP laminates was also obtained. However, the dispersion of the strength was not small. Further, the authors tried to investigate the effect of the bending deformation of the specimens on the accuracy of the interlaminar tensile strength.
Iowa – Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Documentation of Discrimination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Iowa amended its civil rights statute in 2007 to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, and in obtaining credit. Proponents of the amendment had been trying to include these protections in the statute since the late-1980s. Research uncovered examples of public entities discriminating against LGBT persons in the employment context within the last 20 years.
Study on arginine modifying magnetic nanoparticles as gene vector

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An arginine modifying magnetic nanoparticles(AMMN) as gene vector was synthesized by multilay-modifying technique.The AMMN was investigated using granularity analysis,Zeta-potential measurement,acid resistance,biocompatibility and in-vitro transfection.The results showed the morphology of AMMN was mostly spherical and well-distributed,the mean diameter of the nanoparticles was 15 nm and the diameter ranged from 10～20 nm and its Zeta potential was about +29.3 mV.These nanoparticles had tremendous durability in acid solution at pH 2.0 while the untreated particles are corroded in acid solution.MTT assay showed the nanoparticles had excellent biocompatibility with cells.The in vitro transfection of AMMN was efficient in HepG2 cells and the expression of green fluorescent proteins was observed under fluorescent microscope.The AMMN may be served as a new-type and effective non-viral carrier for delivery of nucleotides into cells.
How Many Species?: Discussion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper begins with a survey of the patterns in discovering and recording species of animals and plants, from Linnaeus' time to the present. It then outlines various approaches to estimating what the total number of species on Earth might be: these approaches include extrapolation of past trends; direct assessments based on the overall fraction previously recorded among newly studied groups of tropical insects; indirect assessment derived from recent studies of arthropods in the canopies of tropical trees (giving special attention to the question of what fraction of the species found on a given host-tree are likely to be `effectively specialized' on it); and estimates inferred from theoretical and empirical patterns in speciessizes relations or in food web structure. I conclude with some remarks on the broader implications of our ignorance about how many species there are.
Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers (Adv. Mater. 23/2012)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The image shows a dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber. The structure, described on page OP98 by W. J. Padilla and co-workers, is made of a checkerboard pattern of two gold crosses on a ground plane separated by a dielectric. The crosses of different sizes resonate at two frequencies, causing an impedance match condition and hence unity absorption at those frequencies. In this rendering, the incoming light (white) and the reflected white (red) are seen where green and blue light have been absorbed.
States prediction for solar power and wind speed using BBA‐SVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For solar power and wind speed prediction, the uncertainty and randomness of prediction model or parameters make it a challenging task to optimise the accurate output. This study presents a novel backward bat algorithm (BBA) for the parameter tuning of the support vector machine (SVM). Then, the BBA‐SVM approach is used to predict the solar power and wind speed output in different situations. The salient feather of the novel BBA‐SVM is that an improved flying principle is developed by adopting the backward flying mechanism, which enhances the randomly searching ability and thus avoids the local optimum effectively. Compared to traditional SVM methods, the BBA‐SVM gains higher training accuracy, shorter training time, and better prediction performance. Take the solar power output in a sunny day as the validation case, the real data sets from Australia are adopted for comparative simulations, demonstrating the priority of the BBA‐SVM against some other SVMs like the grid searching SVM, bat algorithm SVM, and generic algorithm aided BBA‐SVM.
Sequelae of Attempted Suicide by Cyanide Ingestion: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A twenty-eight-year-old man presented emergently after ingesting 800 mg of potassium cyanide in a suicide attempt. He survived only with intensive medical and psychiatric intervention, and went on to develop severe parkinsonian symptoms, including profound micrographia and hypersalivation. Bilateral, symmetrical basal ganglial abnormalities were demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging. Survival following cyanide poisoning is rare; the clinical, radiologic, and neuropathologic sequelae in other documented cases are reviewed.
Liquid excimers: lasing Xe_2 and Kr_2 in liquid argon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By pumping a small cryogenic cell with a 40-nsec, 1-MeV e-beam pulse, we have excited lasing in dilute mixtures of xenon or krypton in liquid argon. The lasing occurred at 175 nm for the excimer Xe(2) and at 147 nm for Kr(2).
Enhancement of Green Composite Performance Through the Synergistic Influence of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Nanoclay on Natural Fiber Reinforcement

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Natural fiber‐reinforced biocomposites are emerging as viable alternatives to conventional thermoplastics; however, low mechanical and physical properties limit their broad applications. This study addresses these limitations by developing a nanoclay and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)‐modified novel soy resin‐based jute composites by enhancing mechanical and physical performance. CNSL, rich in phenolic compounds, chemically interacts with the soy matrix, improving interfacial bonding and imparting resistance to environmental degradation. Nanoclay dispersion within the matrix optimizes load transfer, as confirmed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations of interaction energies, resulting in a synergistic effect on composite strength. The optimized composite exhibited a remarkable storage modulus of 8697 MPa at 35°C and 1 Hz, a flexural modulus of 3288 MPa, tensile strength of 61.3 MPa, and flexural strength of 62.7 MPa. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed a well‐integrated nano‐biocomposite structure, confirming successful reinforcement dispersion. Thermal stability up to 290°C, a contact angle of 61.4°, and water absorption of 49.5% indicate its suitability for diverse conditions. Additionally, cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the material's biocompatibility, while soil burial tests showed a mass loss of 74.2% over 75 days, verifying its biodegradability. These biocomposites can replace nondegradable thermoplastics in various applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Method for the Allylation of Heteroarenes Catalyzed by PdCl2.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Various furan, indole and thiophene derivatives are efficiently allylated with several allylic acetates used as an inseparable mixture of regioisomers in the presence of only 2 mol% of PdCl 2 under mild conditions.
THE PRIVATIZATION OF DENEL FROM A COMPETITION PERSPECTIVE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

South Africa mostly depended on foreign suppliers for its defence needs up to the beginning of the 1960's. This situation changed dramatically with the implementation of various isolation measures and an international arms embargo in the early 1960's. This compulsory arms embargo on the import and export of armaments to and from South Africa compelled the South African government to become self-sufficient in terms of its defence needs, thus directly contributing to the inception of Amscor and later Denel (Coetzee, 97: 22). Denel, one can argue, would not be in existence today if it were not for the international arms embargo and the subsequent drive for self-sufficiency. Denel (Pty) Ltd was established as a private company, incorporated in terms of the Companies Act on 1 April 1992 with the State as the sole shareholder. The Company is managed by a Board of Directors, appointed by the Minister for Public Enterprises and is an autonomous group (Denel, http://www.denel.co.za/ corporate/default.htm). Denel is thus a public firm doing business as a private company and its core business is defence, i.e. development, manufacturing, research, etc of armaments and related systems/products. Denel, however, can not be regarded as a normal consumer orientated company, because of the nature of its core business, i.e. armaments. Armaments have the ability, among others, to kill and destroy; things that other consumer products and services are not capably of or intended to do. Privatization is in this modern era of market domination/new economy very much the buzzword. The perceived benefits of privatization are also advocated quite rigorously in South Africa and include the traditional arguments against public firms: a low rate of return on capital, modest productivity, unsatisfied customers, lack of clear objectives and political and bureaucratic meddling in management (Majone, 1990: 140). The South African Government has shown interest in privatizing Denel, but is the process already 6 years on the road; a road characterized without real progress. Denel can at present, without doubt, be regarded as a public monopoly. Traditional theory tells us that privatization of a public monopoly neither ends the monopoly power nor the possibility of the use of this power at the consumers expense. The absence of competition can thus induce the monopolist to decrease production and so to increase prices. There is also the fear of job losses, especially in South Africa with its very high unemployment rate and the fear of unregulated armaments sales and exports especially to fundamentalists and governments with poor human rights records. I will in this paper argue for the immediate and full privatization of Denel. Competition fears does not seem to be justified as I will demonstrate that competition in the arms industry at present is as strong as ever in history.
Perspektif Baru di Era Society 5.0: Wawasan dari Data Kualitas Pelayanan, Kualitas Produk, dan Kepuasan Konsumen

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In Indonesia, it is undeniable that in the era of globalization, the development of the restaurant economy and the advancement of culinary tourism have had a major impact on human life, especially in today's business world. There are many food and beverage entrepreneurs in Indonesia. One of the noodle-based dining businesses in Bandung that serves spicy flavors with various levels of spiciness and additional toppings in each portion, namely Mie Gacoan. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and product quality on consumer satisfaction either partially or simultaneously at Mie Gacoan Bandung. The population in this study are consumers of Mie Gacoan in Bandung. This study uses a quantitative approach and descriptive analysis. The sampling technique used in this research is non-ptobability sampling and purposive sampling with 100 respondents data obtained from questionnaires. Assisted analysis with the help of IBM SPSS 25 software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect either partially or simultaneously on the three variables. ABSTRAK Di Indonesia, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa di Era Society 5.0, perkembangan ekonomi restoran dan kemajuan foodie tourism memberikan dampak yang besar bagi kehidupan manusia, terutama dalam dunia bisnis saat ini. Ada banyak sekali pengusaha makanan dan minuman di Indonesia. Salah satu usaha santapan berbahan dasar mie di Kota Bandung yang menyajikan cita rasa pedas dengan berbagai tingkat kepedasan serta tambahan topping di setiap porsinya yaitu Mie Gacoan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen baik secara parsial maupun simultan pada Mie Gacoan Bandung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Mie Gacoan yang berada di Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan analisis deskriptif. Teknik sampel yang digunakan dalam peneltiian ini adalah nonptobability sampling dan purposive sampling dengan data sebanyak 100 responden yang didapatkan dari kuisioner. Analisis dibantu dengan bantuan software IBM SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap ketiga variabel tersebut.
Speciation in kleptoparasites of oak gall wasps often correlates with shifts into new tree habitats, tree organs, or gall morphospace

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Host shifts to new plant species can drive speciation for plant-feeding insects, but how commonly do host shifts also drive diversification for the parasites of those same insects? Oak gall wasps induce galls on oak trees and shifts to novel tree hosts and new tree organs have been implicated as drivers of oak gall wasp speciation. Gall wasps are themselves attacked by many insect parasites, which must find their hosts on the correct tree species and organ, but also must navigate the morphologically variable galls with which they interact. Thus, we ask whether host shifts to new trees, organs, or gall morphologies correlate with gall parasite diversification. We delimit species and infer phylogenies for two genera of gall kleptoparasites, Synergus and Ceroptres, reared from a variety of North American oak galls. We find that most species were reared from galls induced by just one gall wasp species, and no parasite species was reared from galls of more than four species. Most kleptoparasite divergence events correlate with shifts to non-ancestral galls. These shifts often involved changes in tree habitat, gall location, and gall morphology. Host shifts are thus implicated in driving diversification for both oak gall wasps and their kleptoparasitic associates.