jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cardiac diseases following COVID-19 in children and adults: A narrative review on mechanisms and medical implications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: In December 2019, SARS-CoV2 outbreak from China resulted in Covid-19 worldwide. The involvement of different organs, especially, heart disease can lead to hospitalization and enhance the rate of mortality and morbidity among severe patients. In a narrative review, we aimed to investigate the involvement of heart in adult and children with COVID-19 in critically ill patients. Methods: The clinical and paraclinical manifestation of diseases in adults and children were searched in standard databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, est. Also, the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. Results: The CVDs in COVID-19 patients has been characterized by several abnormalities such as myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, coagulation abnormalities, thrombosis, and Kawasaki disease. The most probable mechanisms are attributed to SARS-CoV2 direct and indirect effects. The presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was confirmed in the cardiac tissue, confirming the direct attack of virus. Moreover, the cytokine storm as a result of enhanced levels of inflammatory mediators and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cardiac disease, coagulation abnormalities, and endothelial dysfunction contribute to disease. Conclusion: Cardiac diseases are seen in children and adults with COVID-19, related to the different mechanisms, mainly direct attack of virus and cytokine storm. Increasing the knowledge of cardiologists about the cardiac manifestations of COVID-9 in children and adults and underlying mechanisms can improve the consequences and reduce the mortality and morbidity rate among hospitalized patients.
Pancreas disease.Advances in diagnosis and treatment.1.Acute pancreatitis.3.Treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

膵炎は急性膵炎と慢性膵炎に大きく分類され,それぞれ病期に応じた治療が必要である.慢性膵炎の急性増悪は急性膵炎に含めて考えられ,その治療も急性膵炎とほぼ同様に行われる.ただしその場合,膵外分泌機能の低下や糖尿病への対応がより必要となってくる.急性膵炎は急性腹症として発症し,重症化すればショック, multiple organ failure (MOF)やdisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)をきたし,死にいたる事もある疾患である.重症度のみきわめとそれに応じた適切な処置が必要である. 1986年に,厚生省特定疾患難治性膵疾患調査研究班では急性膵炎の臨床診断基準ならびに重症度判定基準作成小委員会を発足させた.同委員会により急性膵炎の臨床実態を知るための調査が1988年に全国規模で行われ, 1990年に診断基準および重症度判定基準が新たに作成された.本稿では,これらをもとにして,慢性膵炎の急性増悪を含めた急性膵炎の臨床診断,重症度判定,予後,および,治療法を軽症・中等症と重症膵炎に分けて述べる.
Urinary acidic hydrolases in renal diseases in children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acidic hydrolases were assayed in urines of 19 normal children, 33 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood (INS), 21 children with glomerulonephritides (GN) and 7 children with persistent proteinuria/hematuria, and in plasma of 10 children each with INS or GN. Both plasma and urinary acidic hydrolases were studied in intermittent orthostatic proteinuria. Cbeta-galactosidase and Cbeta-N-hexosaminidase were done in normals and children with active renal disease. Significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated urinary acidic hydrolases excretion in active renal diseases, both in INS and GN, returned to a normal range with regression of the diseases. Increased postural proteinuria was associated with normal urinary acidic hydrolases. Both beta-galactosidase and beta-N-hexosaminidase excretion was higher than similar mol wt proteins in normals and increased further in active renal diseases. The data suggests that increased urinary acidic hydrolases is related to the activity of the renal disease, and not to urinary WBC, hematuria or proteinuria. The likely source of urinary acidic hydrolases thus appears to be the injured renal parenchyma itself.
Integrating Task-Based Language Teaching with Islamic Values: A Case Study in an Indonesian Islamic Junior High School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The current research is a case study of Task-based English Language Teaching in an Islamic Junior High School (MTs) in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to explore the implementation of Task-based English Language Teaching at an Indonesian Islamic Junior High School, MTs Negeri 3 Demak. The study was conducted on an English teacher and 32 students of MTs Negeri 3 Demak. To gather data, questionnaires, observation, and interviews were used. The researcher used qualitative data analysis to analyze the results of this study. The collected data showed that the implementation of the lesson was well-implemented and conducted in three phases. They were the opening activity, main activity and closing activity. The findings reveal that TBLT was implemented effectively across three phases: pre-task, task cycle, and language focus, with Islamic principles interwoven throughout each stage of the instructional process. This approach enhanced students’ engagement and language proficiency, promoting meaningful communication while reinforcing cultural and moral values. The study underscores the potential of TBLT to serve as a pedagogical tool in religious educational contexts, offering valuable insights for educators and policymakers on integrating language instruction with cultural and ethical dimensions.
Neural bases of speech production

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Speech production requires the integration of diverse information sources in order to generate the intricate pattern of muscle activations that result in fluent speech. Accordingly, a large portion of the cerebral cortex is involved in even the simplest speech tasks, such as reading a single word or a meaningless syllable. Broadly speaking, there are three main types of information involved in speech motor control: Auditory, somatosensory, and motor, represented in the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex, respectively. The interaction of sensory and motor information across these regions underlies the learning and maintenance of motor programs that enable rapid, accurate articulation of commonly produced speech sounds. Additional areas in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices contribute to the fluent selection and initiation of these speech motor programs. Activity in these cortical regions is modulated by two re-entrant loops through subcortical brain regions during speech production: A basal ganglia loop involved in action selection and initiation, and a cerebellar loop involved in generating the finely tuned motor commands that underlie fluent speech. These brain regions and their interconnections, along with additional subcortical nuclei in the thalamus, midbrain, and brainstem constitute the neural control system responsible for speech production. This chapter addresses research that informs our understanding of the speech production neural control system with particular emphasis on developments fostered by neuroimaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). This research is discussed in reference to the DIVA (Directions Into Velocities of Articulators) model and its extension the GODIVA (Gradient Order DIVA) model. These computational neural models provide a theoretical framework for understanding and integrating past research and for developing new hypotheses for guiding future experiments.
"One Day It Will Happen For Us": The Power of Academia in Community-University Service-Learning Partnerships

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative research explores the community-university partnership experience from the perspective of community organizations engaged in a service-learning (SL) relationship with a private university in a developing country with a collectivist culture. The research explores the relational exchange among partners and foregrounds the issues of power and power redistribution in SL partnerships. The conceptual framework used is informed by conceptions from Dewey (1986), Freire (1996), values of democratic engagement (Saltmarsh et al., 2009), and the critical SL framework (Mitchell, 2008). Findings indicated that faculty were engaged in a traditional SL model in which the focus was not on the process of engagement but on the outcome of the SL experience. The definition of a partnership from community partners was linked to gains and to current or future access to resources. The perception and definition of power impacted community respondents’ reactions to the power dynamic in the ongoing interactions. Being situated in a collectivist culture seemed to impact the community members’ acceptance of unequal relationships. Findings suggested that in a collectivist context, partnerships cannot be examined without considering the context and culture in which the relationship takes place, as both will impact how a community partner defines an authentic relationship and, accordingly, what they expect from the partnership. The power of academia can be intimidating to community partners, so faculty must proactively map out power differentials and initiate reflections and discussions on power dynamics as part of the partnership building process.
Virtual education programming for patients with acromegaly: a pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the impact of virtual education programming for patients with acromegaly. Design We conducted a mixed methods study to evaluate patient attitudes, examine if patient-centered educational forums change these attitudes, and determine the role of virtual education as a means to learn about patients’ unmet needs, self-reported outcomes, and educational priorities. Methods The study included 653 total virtual program registrants. Of these, 78 patients with acromegaly were included in the analysis. The programs consisted of patient-centered livestream education by a multidisciplinary team of pituitary experts and patient presenters. Multiple-choice questions were used to assess attitudes before and after the event, and short answer surveys were used to collect care goals and unmet needs related to treatment. Results Attendance included participants from 37 countries. The number of patients who responded that they had no hope for improvement, had no choice in their treatment, and felt alone living with acromegaly each decreased significantly pre- to post-event ( P < 0.05). The number of patients who felt anxious about their acromegaly diagnosis remained unchanged. ‘Quality of life/mental health’ was the most common personal care goals concern followed by ‘medical therapies/tumor control.’ Perceived acromegaly unmet needs were evenly distributed, with five of six categories reported by over 20% of patients. Conclusion Our findings indicate that virtual education may have a significant positive effect on acromegaly patients’ perceptions of their disease. The lessons learned from these virtual programs may be used to inform future virtual education programming for acromegaly and other rare diseases.
Foveal-pit inspired filtering of DVS spike response

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present results of processing Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) recordings of visual patterns with a retinal model based on foveal-pit inspired Difference of Gaussian (DoG) filters. A DVS sensor was stimulated with varying number of vertical white and black bars of different spatial frequencies moving horizontally at a constant velocity. The output spikes generated by the DVS sensor were applied as input to a set of DoG filters inspired by the receptive field structure of the primate visual pathway. In particular, these filters mimic the receptive fields of the midget and parasol ganglion cells (spiking neurons of the retina) that sub-serve the photo-receptors of the foveal-pit. The features extracted with the foveal-pit model are used for further classification using a spiking convolutional neural network trained with a backpropagation variant adapted for spiking neural networks.
[Nosology, assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in early childhood].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The first 5 years of life, the period called "early childhood", are characterized by a dynamic process of development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). This process is manifested by continuous changes in cognitive, motor, speech/language, psychological and sensory modulation skills and consequently, in the behavior of the developing child. It is a period of neuron-plasticity, in which the CNS structure and functioning are very sensitive to environmental influences. These influences could be positive or negative. On the one hand, early protective factors, like secure attachment, increase the resilience of the very young child against stressors and against the development of psychopathology; but on the other hand, there is a high vulnerability to early insults of any kind. It has been demonstrated that a high percentage of psychopathology in adult life has his roots in early childhood, and that early diagnosis, which leads to early therapeutic interventions, decreases morbidity and the later life consequences of the disorders. These findings have promoted the field of early childhood psychiatry during the last decade, to become one of the most promising challenges in the field of mental health. In our review, we present an update on the state of nosology, assessment and diagnosis in early childhood and provide clinical guidelines for the daily work of professionals involved in the mental health care of very young children.
Successful treatment of false aneurysm of a saphenous vein bypass graft with fistula to the anterior chest wall using “covered” intracoronary stents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 63 year old woman presented to her local hospital with a painful anterior chest wall swelling. Two years previously she had undergone uncomplicated aortic valve replacement (mechanical prosthesis) and coronary artery bypass grafting. She had remained well following her surgery until three months before presentation when she had first noticed chest wall discomfort. The swelling had progressively enlarged until the time of presentation.

Examination revealed a 12 × 8 cm pulsatile swelling over the left parasternal region with a palpable thrill. She was otherwise well with normal prosthetic valve sounds. Subsequent transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and aortography demonstrated a large fluid filled cavity anterior to the right ventricle, compressing the right ventricle and outflow tract, and containing an epicardial pacing lead. No communication with the aorta or cardiac chambers could be identified.

After preparation for femoral bypass the median sternotomy was reopened and a large presternal haematoma was identified in association with necrotic costal cartilage. The haematoma was evacuated but again no communication could be identified; following evacuation of the haematoma there appeared to be good haemostasis. It was hypothesised that the palpable pulsation had been transmitted from the pulmonary artery

Initial progress was satisfactory, but the patient’s subsequent clinical course was complicated by recurrence of the swelling and several episodes of recurrent bloody discharge from a sinus on the chest wall requiring further hospital admission, culminating in a profuse, self limiting haemorrhage causing haemodynamic collapse. At this time coronary angiography demonstrated a false aneurysm of the body of the left anterior descending (LAD) vein graft (fig 1), but no track to …
Quantitative volume space form rigidity under lower Ricci curvature bound II

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This is the second paper of two in a series under the same title; both study the quantitative volume space form rigidity conjecture: a closed $n$-manifold of Ricci curvature at least $(n-1)H$, $H=\pm 1$ or $0$ is diffeomorphic to an $H$-space form if for every ball of definite size on $M$, the lifting ball on the Riemannian universal covering space of the ball achieves an almost maximal volume, provided the diameter of $M$ is bounded for $H\ne 1$. In the first paper, we verified the conjecture for the case that the Riemannian universal covering space $\tilde M$ is not collapsed. In the present paper, we will verify this conjecture for the case that Ricci curvature is also bounded above, while the above non-collapsing condition on $\tilde M$ is not required.
Design and implementation of a novel three‐phase cascaded half‐bridge inverter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a new circuit topology of a three‐phase half‐bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) is proposed. The proposed MLI that consists of a cascaded half‐bridge structure along with a modified full‐bridge structure requires less number of dc‐power supplies and power semiconductor devices, e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistors and diodes when compared with the existing MLI topologies, which significantly reduces the size and cost of the inverter. Two different structures: isolated and non‐isolated dc‐power supply‐based three‐phase half‐bridge MLIs are investigated. A number of generalised methods are proposed to determine the magnitude of the input dc‐power supplies that has a great impact on the number of levels of the output voltage waveform. To verify the feasibility of the proposed MLI topology, a scaled down laboratory prototype three‐phase half‐bridge MLI is developed and the experimental results are analysed and compared with the simulation results. Experimental and simulation results reveal the feasibility and excellent features of the proposed inverter system.
Deep Learning-Based Radio Map for MIMO-OFDM Downlink Precoding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Radio map is an advanced technology that mitigates the reliance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming on channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we introduce the concept of deep learning-based radio map, which is designed to be generated directly from the raw CSI data. In accordance with the conventional CSI acquisition mechanism of MIMO, we first introduce two baseline schemes of radio map, i.e., CSI prediction-based radio map and throughput prediction-based radio map. To fully leverage the powerful inference capability of deep neural networks, we further propose the end-to-end structure that outputs the beamforming vector directly from the location information. The rationale behind the proposed end-to-end structure is to design the neural network using a task-oriented approach, which is achieved by customizing the loss function that quantifies the communication quality. Numerical results show the superiority of the task-oriented design and confirm the potential of deep learning-based radio map in replacing CSI with location information.
A SURVEY ON NOMA WITH THE AID OF INTELLIGENT REFLECTING SURFACE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) and its enhanced versions are potentially emerging technologies which contribute to boost the blossoming of the wireless signal propagation in the mobile and IoT era. In this paper, an overview of the NOMA communication mechanism with the aid of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is presented. The survey shows that the IRS-based NOMA allows communicating even in the areas with the weakest signals so that the NOMA-aided wireless designers can have an insight into improving the performance of wireless communication networks. In particular, a comparison of key characteristics of NOMA with IRSs and relays is also presented. In addition, the challenges and applications of this type of NOMA are also discussed. Besides, the formulas of the signals at the sources and destinations of background NOMA communication systems are also analyzed. This survey thus provides a background of IRS-employed NOMA for deeper studies of this technology.
The Krische Synthesis of Bryostatin 7

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The bryostatins, as exemplified by bryostatin 75, are an exciting class of natural products. In addition to being effective antineoplastic agents, they show activity against Alzheimer’s disease. The central ring-forming step in the synthesis of 5 reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13876) by Michael J. Krische of the University of Texas, Austin is the triply convergent coupling of the chirons 1 and 2 with the linchpin reagent 3. The preparation of 1 and of 2 showcases the hydrogen transfer strategy for carbon–carbon bond construction developed by the Krische group. The synthesis of 2 began with the previously described double coupling of the simple starting materials 6 and 7. The product diol 8 had >99% ee. Ozonolysis of 8 was followed by a reductive coupling with the allene, which installed the gem dimethyl substituents of 2, and also the third oxygenated stereogenic center. The preparation of 1 proceeded from the aldehyde 10, prepared by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of 3-pentenenitrile. The chelate-controlled addition of propargyl zinc 11 led to the alkyne 12. Reductive coupling of the alkyne of 12 with the aldehyde of 13, again following a Krische procedure, delivered 1. The triply convergent Keck-Yu condensation of 1 with 3, and then with 2, gave, after some manipulation, the desired tetrahydropyran 4. Selective hydrolysis of the methyl ester in the presence of the acetates followed by selective silylation of two of the three secondary hydroxyls gave a suitable substrate for Yamaguchi cyclization to give 14. Selective oxidative cleavage of two of the three alkenes then gave an intermediate keto aldehyde that was carried on to bryostatin 7 5 following known procedures. The key to the synthesis of the complex bryostatin 7 5 was the ready supply of the chirons 1 and 2, prepared by the simple but powerful enantioselective reductive couplings developed by the Krische group. These couplings will have many other applications in target-directed synthesis.
Abstract: Trace element geochemistry of moose teeth apatite and possible links with increased incidence of incisorform fracture in Cape Breton Highlands moose

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Ungulates in the wild are normally free from periodontal disease. Yet, moose (Alces alces andersoni) in the Cape Breton Highlands (CBH) of Nova Scotia have displayed an increased incidence of incisorform macroand micro-fractures, which may have an effect on moose longevity. This condition appears to be rare, as it has only been formally documented in the literature in Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas) and somewhat differently (tooth wear rather than breakage) in Manitoban moose (Alces alces andersoni), and remains unexplained. We have selected suites of broken and healthy teeth from the CBH and compared them with moose teeth from Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, where no incidence of broken incisorform teeth has been documented. Fracture patterns in teeth, and especially tooth enamel (hydroxy-apatite) were studied under the petrographic microscope and the electron microprobe. Enamel was carefully separated and 15 representative samples were analyzed chemically by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples from the problematic CBH area are signifi cantly depleted in Ba, Sr, Zn, Co, and Ga in comparison with those of the control area, and some of these defi ciencies have been associated with dental disease in animals elsewhere. Samples from the CBH were divided arbitrarily into two groups: A)
Symbolic Processing of Clifford Numbers in C++

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A computer program has been written which enables the algebraic processing of Clifford Algebras within programs written in C++. The program is an extension of the program SymbolicC++ by Tan and Steeb and follows their methods of supporting a class through template classes. Classes have been written and tested including Clifford(2), Clifford (3) and Clifford(2,2). The classes can also be accessed from within an interpreted language, Tcl, via an interface program.