jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making Scores and Hunger Susceptibility: A Positive Correlation Mediated by Fasting FGF21 Independently of Body Fat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Understanding the relationship between metabolism and eating behavior may improve how we treat and prevent obesity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone secreted by the liver with a putative role in energy expenditure, energy intake, and weight regulation. In this secondary analysis, we studied how fasting FGF21 is correlated with eating behavior and decision making, as measured by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), respectively. Methods: Participants (n = 98; women = 19; white = 31) were medically healthy, between 18 and 55 years of age, weight-stable 6 months before admission, and had normal glucose regulation. Women were premenopausal and not pregnant. Pearson partial correlations were determined, accounting for age, sex, and body fat percentage. A mediation analysis examining whether the association between hunger and IGT score was mediated by FGF21 values was performed using general linear models. Results: In partial correlations adjusted for age, sex, and body fat percentage, we found that fasting FGF21 concentrations were positively correlated with hunger susceptibility (sum of internal and external cues) (partial r = 0.26, p = 0.02) and internal hunger (partial r = 0.22, p = 0.04), disinhibition (partial r = 0.27, p = 0.01), and better decision making (higher IGT scores) (partial r = 0.40, p = 0.0001). We also found a correlation between hunger susceptibility and better decision making, including the same covariates (partial r = 0.25, p = 0.03). However, this correlation was mediated (36%) by fasting FGF21. Conclusions: In this study, participants with greater susceptibility to hunger cues had higher IGT scores (better decision making) in the setting of higher fasting FGF21 concentrations. This provides further evidence of the role of FGF21 in the interplay between eating behavior and decision making. Further studying this topic may improve our understanding of the complex relationship between assessing energy requirements and cognitive processes related to eating behavior.
An Empirical Investigation of the World Happiness Report: The Effect of Reliogisity, Suicide Rate and Human Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The relationship between economic indicators of progress and happiness is complex at best and paradoxical in some instances. Happiness does not keep increasing with the country's rise in income when viewed over a long period. Empirical literature finds a positive correlation between happiness and religiosity whereas there is a negative correlation between religiosity and income. Suicide rate and happiness are both high in developed economies. This paper is chiefly an empirical investigation of religiosity and suicide rate as a window into a country's happiness. This paper does not find an association between three levels of religiosity and happiness. Suicide rate is associated with countries at the middle and lower end of the happiness. A substantially higher suicide rate is found for the latter. The result is consistent with literature that finds a paradoxical association between happiness and suicide rate. Literature is far from conclusive on these associations. This work contributes to the empirical research on subjective well-being as an important indication of a country's progress.
Career counselling as and about goal-directed human action

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, I describe an approach to career counselling based on contextual action theory, a conceptual approach and method that has been the centre of my work with colleagues for over 20 years (Young and Valach, 2000). Contextual action theory (CAT) emerges from a substantial tradition in psychology that looks to explain human behaviour by understanding its goals rather than its causes (e.g. Boesch, 2012). The desire to seek goal-oriented explanations does not negate the value of causal explanations that has characterised much research in psychology and the social sciences. Rather it is an attempt to focus more closely on how people engage in and experience their actions. Contextual action theory focuses on goal-directed, although not necessarily rational, human behaviour. As people act and as counsellors respond to their clients' actions, they tend to be more aware of goals than causes. Another aspect that distinguishes contextual action theory from earlier approaches to career theory that conceptualise thoughts and feelings as preceding action (e.g. the cognitive information processing approach [Peterson et al., 2002]), contextual action theory sees action from an integrated perspective that includes goals, thoughts and feelings, communication with others in pursuit of joint goals and internal and external resources, skills and habits needed for action. Thus, CAT is more than an intervention technique. It is an approach to understanding human behaviour. It has two specific advantages for career counselling. First, it offers a conceptualisation of how career fits in the world and in people's lives. It makes the case for why 'career' is a relevant term – indeed, a particularly relevant term for counselling. Second, CAT is the basis for specific approaches to intervention that have emerged from our research, which can be readily applied to career counselling.
Uncovering common transcriptional features shared by mature peripheral blood PMN-MDSCs and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in humans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) consist of circulating low-density neutrophils (LDNs) characterized by the ability to inhibit T-cell responses. In previous studies, we demonstrated that the mature fraction of PMN-MDSCs (i.e. mPMN-MDSCs) exerts more potent immunosuppressive functions than its immature counterpart. More recently, we defined a specific gene signature of mPMN-MDSCs from cancer patients and G-CSF-treated donors (GDs) by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments. In this study, by performing single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments of circulating mPMN-MDSCs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we identified a major scRNA-seq cell cluster (arbitrarily named NSCLC c6) specifically displaying immunosuppressive and protumor transcriptomic features. Then, by analyzing publicly available scRNA-seq datasets from human tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), we uncovered three TAN clusters (arbitrarily named TAN c6-c8) that were found to share with NSCLC c6 several common genes and transcription factor (TF) regulons associated with response to hypoxia, positive regulation of angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, by performing scRNA-seq experiments of GD mPMN-MDSCs, we uncovered four scRNA-seq cell clusters (arbitrarily named GD c4-c7) that were enriched for the same genes and pathways characterizing NSCLC c6 and TAN c6-c8 cells. Altogether, these data uncover that human circulating mPMN-MDSCs and TANs from different cancer types share scRNA-seq cell clusters with transcriptomic similarities, supporting the notion that they might be strictly related.
Checklist of brachyuran mangrove crabs of Kerala, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Checklist of Brachyuran mangrove crabs from Kerala, west coast of India has been listed in this paper with re-validation of nomenclature since many of the crab species has been re-named so far and no report has been made from Kerala mangroves. A total of 18 truly mangrove crabs were identified from different mangroves associated with estuaries along western coastline of Kerala state. Among which 4 crab genera were re-named and re-validated and all species were photo-documented during the present study. The paper enlists the taxonomic account of the true mangrove crabs known so far from Kerala mangrove ecosystems
Design of tumor therapy system based on irreversible electroporation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Irreversible electroporation(IRE) based on the high-voltage and steep pulses is a new technique developed in recent years to treat cancer. In this paper, the high-voltage and steep pulses tumor ablation system used the DSP and CPLD as the controller. The pulse output width, pulse frequency, pulse voltage and other parameters can be adjustable. The experimental results show that the system can be operated safely and stably. The output pulse waveform has reached the expected design goal of the system, which is in accordance with the theoretical requirement of irreversible electroporation. At the same time, irreversible electroporation experiments in mice also achieved good results.
Ancient genomic changes associated with domestication of the horse

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ancient genomics of horse domestication The domestication of the horse was a seminal event in human cultural evolution. Librado et al. obtained genome sequences from 14 horses from the Bronze and Iron Ages, about 2000 to 4000 years ago, soon after domestication. They identified variants determining coat color and genes selected during the domestication process. They could also see evidence of admixture with archaic horses and the demography of the domestication process, which included the accumulation of deleterious variants. The horse appears to have undergone a different type of domestication process than animals that were domesticated simply for food. Science , this issue p. 442
Evaluation of the Psychosocial Treatment of Psychosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Some people with a diagnosis of psychosis wish to minimize or avoid medications. A literture exists that intensive psychosocial treatment can mitigate psychotic symptoms with lilttle or no medication being used. Objectives We provided services to people who wishers to reduce or avoid medications within the context of a private psychiatric practice and wanted to assess their outcomes. We wondered what factors led to success. Methods We report on a series of 62 patients, age 18 years or older, who engaged in psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle management over at least six months, aiming to minimize or eliminate medication. An additional 217 patients who consulted us did not continue for six months. An anonymous, matched comparison group of 62 patients of the same age, socioeconomic status, diagnosis, and severity of illness was generated from electronic health records at another clinic where LMM also worked. We used the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, the MADRS depression scales, and the Clinical Global Inventory. Narrative interviews generated qualitative data. We compared patients who met their goals to those who did not. Results Forty-one people eliminated medication. Another 16 managed well on low-dose medications. Five patients had psychotic episodes that led them to return to higher levels of medication. This group functioned at higher levels than the comparison population with much lower doses of medications. The five readmissions to hospital were signnificantly lower than the number of readmissions in the comparison and the control groups. The cost for one year of care was higher for our people; the costs over subsequent years were less related to fewer hospitalizations, crises, and diminished suicidality. Conclusions The results suggest the need for individualized client-centered psychosocial approaches that build upon the person’s previous successes, enroll family and friends in a community effort, and collaborate with those communities to apply those approaches desired by the people themselves. In this dialogical approach to psychosis, lived experience is granted full ontological reality, which appears to facilitate recovery. Lifestyle management and embeddedness in a community facilitate recovery. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Problems Faced By Maize Growers of Udaipur District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted in four villages of three Panchayat Samities of Udaipur district by personal interviewing 80 trained and 80 untrained maize growers. Ecological constraints were the major constraints perceived by the maize growers followed by post-harvest technology, plant protection measures, marketing problems, chemical control of weeds, soil treatment and fertilizer application, method of sowing, seed rate and time of sowing, seed treatment and improved seed. At overall level, constraints faced by the trained respondents were less as compared with untrained respondents. KVK., Udaipur should arrange training programmes to reduce the gap and other concerned agencies should also take action in this regard.
Advancing primary and community care for persons with spinal cord injury: Key findings from a Canadian summit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context: Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience significant challenges when they access primary care and community services.Design: A provincial summit was held to direct research, education, and innovation for primary and community care for SCI.Setting: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Participants: Key stakeholders (N = 95) including persons with SCI and caregivers, clinicians from primary care, rehabilitation, and specialized care, researchers, advocacy groups, and policy makers.Methods: A one-day facilitated meeting that included guest speakers, panel discussions and small group discussions was held to generate potential solutions to current issues related to SCI care and to foster collaborative relationships to advance care for SCI. Perspectives on SCI management were shared by primary care, neurosurgery, rehabilitation, and members of the SCI communityOutcome Measures: Discussions were focused on five domains: knowledge translation and dissemination, application of best practices, communication, research, and patient service accessibility.Results: Summit participants identified issues and prioritized solutions to improve primary and community care including the creation of a network of key stakeholders to enable knowledge creation and dissemination; an online repository of SCI resources, integrated health records, and a clinical network for SCI care; development and implementation of strategies to improve care transitions across sectors; implementation of effective care models and improved access to services; and utilization of empowerment frameworks to support self-management.Conclusions: This summit identified priorities for further collaborative efforts to advance SCI primary and community care and will inform the development of a provincial SCI strategy aimed at improving the system of care for SCI.
A Physiological Signal Transmission Model to be Used for Specific Diagnosis of Cochlear Impairments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many of the sophisticated characteristics of human auditory system are attributed to cochlea. Also, most of patients with a hearing loss suffer from impairments that originate from cochlea (sensorineural). Despite this, today's clinical diagnosis methods do not probe the specific origins of such cochlear lesions. The aim of this research is to introduce a physiological signal transmission model to be clinically used as a tool for diagnosis of cochlear losses. This model enables simulation of different bio‐mechano‐electrical processes which occur in the auditory organ of Corti inside the cochlea. What makes this model different from many available computational models is its loyalty to physiology since the ultimate goal is to model each single physiological phenomenon. This includes passive BM vibration, outer hair cells' performances such as nonlinear mechanoelectrical transduction (MET), active amplifications by somatic motor, as well as vibration to neural conversion at the inner hair cells.
Predisposing, enabling and need factors of heroin addicts' using prescribed methadone or buprenorphine for a year or longer: An exploratory study of drug treatment for heroin addicts in the Swedish welfare system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim This exploratory study draws on national register data for 2,638 opioid users from 2004-2008 to examine whether or not certain predisposing, enabling and need factors are associated with taking methadone or buprenorphine continuously on doctor's orders for one year or more. Design Chi-square analysis, one-way Anova and logistic regression methods were used to explore the association between self-reported demographic characteristics, alcohol/drug use severity, substance use disorder treatment history, criminal justice history, level of mental health symptomatology, mental health treatment history, and whether or not adult opioid users had taken methadone or buprenorphine continuously on doctor's orders for one year or longer. Results Having a job and having had more voluntary treatment episodes were significantly associated with using methadone or buprenorphine. Those opioid users who had a job were 19 times more likely to be on methadone or buprenorphine than opiate users who did not have a job. Conclusions In our study, individuals who were working were significantly more likely to medicate against their opioid abuse. This suggests that they may be more socially integrated than their non-medicating counterparts.
MUTU LAYANAN PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH HIDAYATUL MUBTADIIN JATI AGUNG LAMPUNG SELATAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of educational services in the aspects of physical evidence, aspects of empathy, aspects of reliability in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. This study used a qualitative approach. While the method used in this research is descriptive research method. The data collection technique used is observation, interview and documentation techniques. This participatory observation technique was carried out to observe the geographical location in the form of a location plan and environmental conditions, vision, mission, strategy and motto of the Nurul Hikmah Tsanawiyah Madrasah School. Interviews were conducted to determine the quality of educational services in the physical evidence aspect, the empathy aspect, and the reliability aspect. Based on the results of the description that has been described that the quality of service aspects of physical evidence (tangible) at MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin has adequate physical conditions, the availability of facilities and infrastructure that support learning, service aspects of empathy (emphaty) has good service quality. This can be interpreted that the ability of school principals, teachers and staff to communicate with students and parents, such as paying attention to students who have learning abilities have not yet reached the KKM by providing additional learning after school hours are over, service aspects of reliability (reliability) have service quality already in line with customer expectations such as competent teachers and supportive teacher educational backgrounds.
Regulation of malate dehydrogenase activity by glutamate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and multienzyme interaction.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Binding experiments indicate that mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase can associate with the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and that mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase can associate with this binary complex to form a ternary complex. Formation of this ternary complex enables low levels of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, in the presence of the aminotransferase, to reverse inhibition of malate oxidation by glutamate. Thus, glutamate can react with the aminotransferase in this complex without glutamate inhibiting production of oxalacetate by the malate dehydrogenase in the complex. The conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate could also be facilitated because in the trienzyme complex, oxalacetate might be directly transferred from malate dehydrogenase to the aminotransferase. In addition, association of malate dehydrogenase with these other two enzymes enhances malate dehydrogenase activity due to a marked decrease in the Km of malate. The potential ability of the aminotransferase to transfer directly alpha-ketoglutarate to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in this multienzyme system plus the ability of succinyl-CoA, a product of this transfer, to inhibit citrate synthase could play a role in preventing alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate from accumulating in high levels. This would maintain the catalytic activity of the multienzyme system because alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate allosterically inhibit malate dehydrogenase and dissociate this enzyme from the multienzyme system. In addition, citrate also competitively inhibits fumarase. Consequently, when the levels of alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate are high and the multienzyme system is not required to convert glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate, it is inactive. However, control by citrate would be expected to be absent in rapidly dividing tumors which characteristically have low mitochondrial levels of citrate.
Understanding and Management of Caregivers' Stress and Burden of Person with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The objective of the chapter is to understand the processes involved in care giving for those with a Chronic Mental Illness and to develop an effective intervention incorporating methods and strategies that aims at reducing caregiver stress and burden. OCD is a neurobiological disorder characterized by the presence of symptoms such as obsessions and compulsions. Literature is reviewed on prevalence, intervention and tools that can assess caregiver stress and burden in OCD. Accommodation and Expressed emotion plays key roles in interpersonal relationships that exist in the families of those afflicted with mental illness and may affect the treatment. Psycho education found to be helpful in educating the family about all the relevant aspects of OCD and to determine their role as a caregiver in order to deal with the illness in an effective way. Family intervention beyond the scope of psycho-education programme is required to prepare caregivers to take on the role of care giving more effectively.
Spatial decay, behaviour and space planning models European and International standards on open office acoustics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent standardisation work on open plan offices acoustics is characterized by a shift in the way room acoustics is handled. Spatial decay (expressed through rate of spatial decay per doubling of distance, DL2) is preferred to temporal decay (expressed through reverberation time, RT). The complexity of open plan office acoustic design results from the fundamental contradiction of communication and concentration. DL2 reflects better the challenges of sound control in such rooms, which is basically sound propagation control. Beyond, this contradiction, specific space analysis models and tools can help to visualize the acoustic interactions between workstations, teams and departments accommodated in the same room. These models are now ready to be included in standardization work. International technical standard for field measurements of DL2 integrates new descriptive models for open plan office acoustics, taking into account geometric proportions, presence of screens and furniture as well as group behaviour and speech characteristics, such as increased energy contents at low frequencies, voice levels, raised hearing sensitivity at high frequencies. Also, normative guidelines from Netherlands and France integrating this approach will be presented.