jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pattern separation and pattern completion: Behaviorally separable processes?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Episodic memory capacity requires several processes, including mnemonic discrimination of similar experiences, termed pattern separation, and holistic retrieval of multidimensional experiences given a cue, termed pattern completion. Both computations seem to rely on the hippocampus proper, but they also seem to be instantiated by distinct hippocampal subfields. Thus, we investigated whether individual differences in behavioral expressions of pattern separation and pattern completion were correlatedafter accounting for general mnemonic ability. Young adult participants learned events comprised of a scene-animal-object triad. In the pattern separation task, we estimated mnemonic discrimination using lure classification for events that contained a similar lure element. In the pattern completion task, we estimated holistic recollection using dependency in retrieval success for different associations from the same event. Although overall accuracies for the two tasks correlated as expected, specific measures of individual variation in holistic retrieval and mnemonic discrimination did not correlate, suggesting that these two processes involve distinguishable properties of episodic memory.
Depersonalization Disorder Following Medication Withdrawal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:\nMigraine headaches affects nearly 15% or roughly one billion people worldwide and are more common in women. Annually our country spends $78 billion on medical costs (both preventative and abortive) and lost wages. Symptoms can diminish quality of life and often last for several hours and even days.\nThis case follows a 29-year-old Caucasian female with past medical history of migraine headaches that was admitted to the hospital for depersonalization secondary to Topamax withdrawals.\nCase information: \nA 29-year-old Caucasian female with a past medical history of migraine diagnosed many years ago who was admitted to the hospital with the complaint of confusion, unsteady gait, drowsiness and a feeling of being “disconnected from my body. Upon questioning, the patient takes propranolol 20 mg/day and Topamax 100 mg/day for migraine prophylaxis, but that she was forced to discontinue her Topamax 2 weeks prior due to change in her health insurance. She was diagnosed with depersonalization due to Topamax withdrawal. Topamax was restarted and her mentation returned to baseline. The patient was discharged from the hospital in stable condition.\nConclusions: \nThe goals of migraine preventive therapy include; reducing frequency, severity, and duration, improving responsiveness to treatment of acute attacks, improving function, and preventing progression of episodic to chronic occurrences. Treatment options should be individualized. In 2004, the Food and Drug Administration approved Topamax for the prevention of migraine in adult. Topamax is associated with various psychiatric and neurocognitive side effects and withdrawal symptoms secondary to abrupt discontinuation. Depersonalization is a period of feeling disconnected or detached from one’s body and thought while maintaining reality. The disorder belongs to a group of disorders called dissociative disorders. Depersonalization disorder can be precipitated by trauma, seizures, substance abuse, and medication withdrawal.
Determining the Drivers of Alaskan Inuit Migration, Arctic Alaska

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Migration choice among Alaskan Inuit in the Arctic Alaskan region is complex and multifaceted. Migration patterns are characterized by high rates of out-migration and return migration however, the factors contributing to migration choice are more nuanced. To better understand the driving factors influencing migration a mixed methodological approach is used by incorporating statistical data analyses and informal interviews collected for Nome Census Area and North Slope Borough. Determining the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors influencing migration choice of Alaskan Inuit in Arctic Alaska provides insight into community resiliency and adaptability to regional experiences of social and climatic change. The results demonstrate external investments, employment opportunities, climate change, Inuit cultural practices, and family are important to Alaskan Inuit lifestyle. Results of regression analysis indicate that climate, subsistence, and modern wage economy have the most significant effect on in and out migration in Nome Census Area while in North Slope Borough cultural economy and wage economy balance, family, and external funds have the most significant impact on migration. The factor loadings impacting migration between 1991-2011 explain only 41% in Nome Census Area and 21% in the North Slope Borough. Low explanatory power of the quantitative variables underscores the importance of the non-quantitative indicators, such as importance of family and culture on return migration. Personal interviews further support that the resilience of Arctic Alaskan communities relies on the health of local economy to provide jobs, health care, and education but also on the ability to participate in cultural and familial activities which perpetuates adaptability among Alaskan Inuit.
The virtual class as a knowledge democratization model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the conceptualization and use of a virtual classroom in the course EIF-200 Fundamentos de Informatica, first course in the Information Systems Engineering career of the Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica. The virtual classroom is seen as a complement to the class and is conceived as a space that allows to centralize teaching resources, thereby promoting the democratization of knowledge among students and teachers. Furthermore, this concept of virtual classroom helps to reduce the culture of individualism, present many times in university teaching practices, and contributes to create new opportunities to learn from other colleagues within a culture of reflection, analysis and respectful dialogue aimed to improve the teaching practices.
A minimally invasive surgical technique for ureteral ostioplasty in two fillies with ureteral ectopia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract CASE DESCRIPTION 2 fillies, aged 3 months and 1 month, were examined because of urinary incontinence and urine scalding. CLINICAL FINDINGS In horse 1, ultrasonography did not reveal any structural abnormalities of the kidneys; however, unilateral ureteral ectopia was diagnosed cystoscopically. In horse 2, CT revealed bilateral nephropathy, bilateral distended ureters (up to 3.6 cm in diameter), and bilateral ureteral ectopia. Cystoscopy revealed intramural ureteral ectopia with abnormally caudally positioned ureteral ostia in both horses. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Ureteral ostioplasty was performed under cystoscopic guidance. Laparoscopic scissors (horse 1) or a vessel-sealing device (horse 2) was introduced, and the tissue separating the intramural portion of the ureter from the urethra and bladder was cut longitudinally in a cranial direction toward the trigone. After surgery, both horses were continent and voided normal streams of urine for the duration of the follow-up periods of 20 and 9 months for horse 1 and horse 2, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cystoscopically guided ureteral ostioplasty provided an effective and minimally invasive surgical treatment option for correction of ureteral ectopia in 2 fillies.
Short‐term load interval prediction with unilateral adaptive update strategy and simplified biased convex cost function

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article proposes a unilateral Adaptive update strategy based Interval Prediction (AIP) model for short‐term load prediction, which is developed based on lower and upper bound estimation (LUBE) architecture. In traditional LUBE interval prediction model, the model training is usually trained by heuristic algorithms. In this article, the model training is formulated as a bi‐level optimization problem with the help of proposed unilateral adaptive update strategy and cost function. In lower‐level problem, a simplified biased convex cost function is developed to supervise the learning direction of basic prediction engines. The basic prediction engine utilizes Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to extract features and Full connected Neural Network (FNN) to generate interval boundary. In upper‐level problem, a unilateral adaptive update strategy with unilateral coverage rate is put forward. It iteratively tunes hyper‐parameters of cost function during training process. Comprehensive experiments based on residential load data are implemented and the proposed interval prediction model outperforms the tested state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, achieving a 15% reduction in prediction error and a 20% decrease in computational time.
Retailer premium own‐brands: creating customer loyalty through own‐brand products advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model which investigates antecedents, consequences, and contingency factors of retailer own‐brand product advantage. The paper develops propositions and managerial implications. Design/methodology/approach It summarizes an empirical work related to the key constructs of the theoretical model and identifies gaps in the literature. The paper provides definitions of each antecedent and outcome of retailer own product advantage and discusses managerial implications of the proposed framework. Findings Retailers who have higher degree of customer participation, innovation, and brand orientations are likely to have a stronger own‐brand product advantage. In turn, those retailers are more likely to have loyal customers and superior own‐brand financial performance. These relationships will be influenced by retailer image, market power, number of national brands and category size, technology complexity, and competitive intensity. Research limitations/implications Understanding the key outcomes of own‐brand product advantage will facilitate management's evaluation of current retail product development strategies. If outcomes of the current own‐brand strategy are not satisfactory, an assessment of customer participation, innovation, and brand orientation effectiveness may be warranted. Originality/value The authors are the first to define a retailer premium own‐brand. Based on the theory of resource‐based view, it is proposed a new theoretical framework that pinpoints three business orientations as antecedents of and customer loyalty and brand performance as consequences of retailer own‐brand product advantage. The framework also suggests some contingency factors at retailer, category, and market levels.
Flight and Dispersal of the White-Pine Weevil1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

flight and dispersal of the white-pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), through a white pine plantation was studied by releasing 409 marked weevils at a central point within a 1431-tree plantation and checking every tree at 5-day intervals. Weevils flew readily at the time of release. Marked weevils were recorded throughout the plantation, up to 330 feet from the release point. A few weevils were observed on the scattered white pines 200-300 yards from the release point beyond a hardwood barrier. Total numbers of weevils present on leaders increased from April 25 to May 4, after which the number steadily decreased. Males were slightly more abundant on leaders early in the season and females were slightly more abundant later in the season, but there were no sex-related differences in dispersal. A concentration of weevils within 30 feet of the release point was attributed to short-range flight with the wind direction. Taller trees and longer and thicker leaders were related to higher percentages of tree visitation by weevils.
Smooth crossing of wΛ = −1 line in a single scalar field model Abhik Kumar Sanyal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Smooth double crossing of the phantom divide line wΛ = −1 has been found possible with a single minimally coupled scalar field for the most simple form of generalized k-essence cosmological model, in the presence of background cold dark matter. Such crossing is a sufficiently late time transient phenomenon and does not have any pathological behaviour. 1
A matter of looks: The framing of obesity in four Swedish daily newspapers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article reports on a study done in Sweden on how the daily press covers the theme of overweight/obesity. It deals with two questions: (1) How is overweight framed in the media? and (2) Which consequences can these framings have on public perceptions of overweight/obesity? The study is limited to media content in Swedish daily newspapers, 1997–2001. In all 1 925 articles from four different papers have been analysed. The study points out that overweight/obesity is most frequently presented as a health problem, however the dominating frame in the news papers is overweight presented as a beauty dilemma. The two ways of constructing overweight comes along with different kind of information that leaves the potential reader with diverse impressions and solutions. The first frame appeals to reason and rationality, the latter mobilizes emotions and affect. When the reporters reduce the health problem to a matter of looks they underestimate the seriousness of this social problem, which might have undesirable effects on public perception of overweight. There are considerable gender dimensions in the coverage and overweight is mostly presented as a female problem. In the articles obese people are often stigmatized and gender stereotypes are frequently reproduced. There is on top of that and abundance of paradoxes in the material, which also makes it hard for the reader to orient herself in the crossfire of messages and gives little advice upon how to solve the problem of overweight.
Registered report “Categorical perception of facial expressions of anger and disgust across cultures”

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research has demonstrated that individuals from Western cultures exhibit categorical perception (CP) in their judgments of emotional faces. However, the extent to which this phenomenon characterises the judgments of facial expressions among East Asians remains relatively unexplored. Building upon recent findings showing that East Asians are more likely than Westerners to see a mixture of emotions in facial expressions of anger and disgust, the present research aimed to investigate whether East Asians also display CP for angry and disgusted faces. To address this question, participants from Canada and China were recruited to discriminate pairs of faces along the anger-disgust continuum. The results revealed the presence of CP in both cultural groups, as participants consistently exhibited higher accuracy and faster response latencies when discriminating between-category pairs of expressions compared to within-category pairs. Moreover, the magnitude of CP did not vary significantly across cultures. These findings provide novel evidence supporting the existence of CP for facial expressions in both East Asian and Western cultures, suggesting that CP is a perceptual phenomenon that transcends cultural boundaries. This research contributes to the growing literature on cross-cultural perceptions of facial expressions by deepening our understanding of how facial expressions are perceived categorically across cultures.
Traffic forecasting by the method of logical limits

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Towns with underdeveloped built up areas and traffic do not provide sufficient base data for a realistic traffic forecast. By the proposed theory future traffic volumes may be predicted from surveys of land use, national and household incomes, standard of living projections and home interviews. Future traffic demands can be assessed by reasonable limits, considering both upper and lower logical limit‐values of the development possibilities. This method has been developed and employed in drawing up the land use—transportation plan of a Nigerian town.
Modeling study on transport organization methods choice of highway rapid passenger transport in China

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some new types of mathematical model among four key techno - economic indexes of highway rapid passenger through transportation were established based on the principles of transportation economics. According to the research on the feasible solutions to the associated parameters which were then compared to the actual value, found some limitation in the existing transport organization method. In order to conquer that, two new types of transport organization method, namely CD (Collecting and Distributing) Method and Relay Method were brought forward. What’s more, a further research was down to estimate their characteristics, such as feasibilities, operation flows, applicability fields, etc. This analysis proves the two methods can offset the shortage of rapid passenger through transportation. To ensure highway rapid passenger transport develop harmoniously, a three-stage development targets was suggested to fuse different organization methods.
Risk of metabolic disorders in childless men: a population-based cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study whether male childlessness is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes. Design A population-based cohort study. Setting Not applicable. Participants 2572 men from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort. Interventions None. Main outcome measures From cross-sectional analyses, main outcome measures were ORs and 95% CIs for MetS and diabetes among childless men. In prospective analyses, HRs and 95% CI for diabetes among childless men. Results At baseline, in men with a mean age of 57 years, the prevalence of MetS was 26% and 22% among childless men and fathers, respectively. Similarly, we observed a higher prevalence of diabetes of 11% among childless men compared with 5% among fathers. In the cross-sectional adjusted analyses, childless men had a higher risk of MetS and diabetes, with ORs of 1.22 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.72) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.34 to 3.36) compared with fathers. In the prospective analysis, during a mean follow-up of 18.3 years, we did not see any increase in diabetes risk among childless men (HR 1.02 (0.76 to 1.37)). Conclusion This study provides evidence of an association between male childlessness and a higher risk of MetS and diabetes. However, as these associations were found in cross-sectional analyses, reverse causation cannot be excluded.
A specific notation for contrast medium and dehydrated ethanol injection into the vein of Marshall during mitral isthmus ablation—A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Ablation of the vein of Marshall (VOM) by dehydrated ethanol (DE) is an important method for completely blocking the mitral isthmus (MI). Before DE ablation of the VOM, Marshall angiography should be performed so that the contrast medium is inevitably exposed to DE. Method We present a case of DE ablation of the VOM. When iodixanol was exposed to DE, some floccule embolized the lumen of the over‐the‐wire (OTW) balloon dilatation catheter and led to the impossibility of DE ablation. Then, we performed in vitro experiments: iodixanol, not iomeprol, produced many stable white floccules when it encountered DE. Conclusion Iodixanol is not an appropriate contrast for DE ablation of the VOM. However, if there is no other alternative contrast, the following methods might be used to address the problem: ⑴ diluted iodixanol (iodixanol:normal saline 1:1) could be used for VOM ablation; or ⑵ the lumen of the OTW could be flushed by NS after VOM angiography, and then DE injection could be performed.
Identifying novel molecular differences between WHO grade I and II meningiomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background With the increasing emphases on the integrated histo-pheno-genotypical diagnoses of central nervous system (CNS) tumours, there is a pressing need for the identification of biomarkers to aid in the clinical management, diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of meningiomas too. WHO grade II meningiomas remain a very controversial group of CNS tumours to diagnose/treat, compared to the more prevalent and extensively researched grade I tumours. Typical clinical scenarios include; the serum diagnosis of conservatively managed tumours, follow-up of surgically managed patients and prognostication, for predicting grade progression. We herein describe the identification of novel biomolecular differences between grade I and II meningiomas. Aim To identify biomarkers unique to grade II meningiomas (versus grade I) and describe their potential use in typical clinical scenarios. Methods Unbiased global proteomic analyses of four grade I & II primary-meningioma cells were carried out to identify proteins differentially expressed between both grades. Differential expression and statistical analyses were performed using Perseus and Microsoft Excel. The significantly differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blot, IHC and ELISA, using tumour tissue and primary cells. Results We identified 3553 proteins commonly expressed in both meningioma grades. Further analysis revealed that 86 of these were significantly differentially up/down-regulated. Initial validation studies on some of the most promising candidates have confirmed these patterns of expressions between the two tumour grades. Conclusion There is a need for the identification of grade II biomarkers. The initial findings of this study have identified novel biomolecular differences between grade I/II meningiomas that can potentially aid in the aforementioned typical clinical scenarios.
Harlem Renaissance modernism: migration and folk discourse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To counteract constructions of race in the minstrel tradition and in segregationist Jim Crow legislation, Harlem Renaissance leaders, W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke, sought to construct the ‘New Negro’ as modern urbanite whilst wishing to preserve the cultural particularisms of a folk past. By the 1920s, migration to the urban North had begun to disrupt the African-American rural culture of the South and necessitated the creation of new forms of expression that could still be designated as folk culture. Alain Locke, in ‘The New Negro’ (1925), seized upon the ‘transformed and transforming psychology’ of the ‘migrating peasant’ as the source of authentic racial expression that should lead and inform both artist and critic in a project towards cultural self-determination. Locke’s focus on the centrality of folk expression for black creativity led him to align Harlem, as a diasporic cultural capital, with nationalist struggles for self-determination in Europe after the First World War: ‘Harlem has the same role to play for the New Negro as Dublin has had for the New Ireland or Prague for the New Czechoslovakia’.
To privilege tradition involved Harlem Renaissance modernists in complex, sometimes fraught, relationships with a discourse of the folk. Claude McKay, Nella Larsen and Jessie Fauset sought to negotiate the psychological, political and aesthetic problems encountered in establishing a literary movement in the context of valorisations of the folk.
This paper examines the relationship between folk discourse, modernism and nationalism through a consideration of key works by Harlem Remaissance writers. I argue that to delineate new urban identities, Harlem wirters were compelled to engage with the contours of Anglo-European primitive modernism as well as African-American folk discourse. In doing so Harlem wiriters established a unique form of modernism for the expression of racial identity in the context of migration from Southern states to the North and, after the First World War, to Europe.