jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SMS mobile encryption on google TM android

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent year, numbers of mobile subscriber have increase relatively with the improvement of mobile technologies such as IPhone or Android platform. Till September 2010, statistic shows that the Mobile Population Penetration Rate in Singapore is 141.1% and in the third quarter of the year, total number of Short Message Service (SMS) transaction is 2,391,447,400. This result shown that Singaporean is frequently using SMS as communication tools hence SMS will continue to play an important role in the mobile network market. Although SMS have great influence in our daily life, information sent through wireless network can be unsafe. The objective of developing this project is to allow user to send confidential SMS over the air based on AndroidTM Platform using Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) cryptography algorithm. The main functions of the application consist of Sending/Reading of confidential SMS, adding new secure parties and generating new public-private key pair. In addition, these generated public key will be uploaded to a web based Key Bank for key distribution purpose and in a case of the user misplacing its phone, the user can log on to the system to delete these uploaded public key for security purpose. The development process follows the waterfall model. Upon completion, System testing and Performance testing are conducted to obtain the efficiency and correctness of the result. A set of test cases is designed to facilitate the testing operation.
Regional trauma systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 1988 the Royal College of Surgeons published recommendations designed to improve the management of patients with major injuries.1 The Department of Health responded by supporting the development of a regional trauma service in North Staffordshire and commissioning an in depth analysis of its performance compared with the orthodox British model of care in two other centres in Lancashire and Humberside. Reviews were also undertaken of the cost effectiveness of helicopter ambulances and the role of minor injuries units. The college introduced courses in advanced trauma life support, and the Department of Health supported the extension of the major trauma outcome study, to provide comparative audit data on hospital performance.2

Although the analysis of the regional trauma service examined outcomes in 1990-3, the article by Nicholl and Turner in this issue provides the first opportunity for the general reader to review the data (p 1349).3 Some will conclude that this delay is due either to publication bias against the negative results or to uncertainty about their validity when compared with the very positive earlier report from the Stoke clinicians.4 Whatever the reason, the paper provides an opportunity to …
The Testing of Seaplanes and Flying Boats

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The field covered by the title of this paper is a very comprehensive one, and is too large to be dealt with in a single lecture. Only certain aspects of the subject, therefore, will be dealt with, and very brief reference made to such tests as have been described in other papers. The subject naturally falls into three divisions:—Ground tests, tests on the water, and aerial tests, and it will be convenient to deal with them in this order. The methods of test described are those in use at the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment, Felixstowe, the official seaplane testing station, and, as far as is known, these methods are as up to date as those in use in other countries. If it is felt that gaps exist on which information is desired, the inquirer is referred to Squadron Leader England's lecture on “ The Practical Side of Performance Testing of Aircraft,” which was published in the Aeronautical Society's Journal of January 1928, and to other papers which are mentioned.
The Cosmic Microwave Background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The measurement of the acoustic modes of the cosmic microwave background have been perhaps the most exciting new astrophysical territory explored in the 21st century. This cosmological area includes the study of some of the earliest moments of the Universe, such as the significant change in state of going from a gas of ionized particles to one of atoms (called recombination), greatly reducing the opacity for photons, leading to the observable phenomenon of the microwave background today. This chapter builds up to a calculation of the sound horizon and hence the location of the first observed peak in the fluctuation spectrum.
Schiff Base Metal Organic Frameworks for Biological Applications - A Review

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Schiff bases are the organic compounds which are prepared by condensation method with aldehyde and amine derivatives. These have wide range of applications in chemistry due to their binding property with metal ions. Schiff base alone and Schiff base metal complexes have vital applications in inorganic, organic, medicinal and material sciences. Binding properties of Schiff bases can form the network with metal ions which leads to Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF’s). This review covers the detailed recent progress of Schiff base-based metal organic frameworks for various biological applications like, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, DNA binding, DNA interaction and drug delivery studies.
Study on the Morpho-physiological Character of Four Quality Protein of Maize (Corn)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted to find out the morpho-physiological variability in response to different sowing dates in four lines of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) in in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The study was carried out with four lines of maize and two sowing dates, 15 November (T1) and 15 December, ((T2). Sowing date differed significantly in plant height, length of leaf blade, length of leaf sheath, leaf breadth, cob length, cob diameter, length of tassel, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50 % silking, days to maturity, number of cobs per plant, cob weight, number of grain per cob. 1000-seed weight, percent underdeveloped cob, total dry matter and grain yield, but did not differ in number of leaves and protein percent. The lines differed significantly among themselves in those characters except number of leaves per plant, length of leaf sheath, cob length, cob diameter, days to 50% tasselling, number of cobs per plants and number of grain per cob. The line Across 8666 (V2) and (V3) gave the highest grain yield 4.57 and 4.55 and the lowest from (V4) lines 4.41 tons per hectare. The 15 November sowing time (T1) gave the highest grain yield 4.86 tons per hectare. In case of interaction, the earlier planting time (T1) showed better performance with all lines. On the other hand, the highest yield was found from combination of line V2 and V3 with earlier planting time (T1).J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 117-124 2017
‘Maintain the old institutions in their old quiet way’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on university reform in Victorian Britain. Change was imposed on the universities of Victorian Britain by outside forces, but it was also the outcome of a struggle within the universities. This struggle was most intense and consequential for the universities in Oxford and Cambridge, owing to their uniquely close connection with established structures of power and privilege in religion, politics, and society. One of the more strident of those who opposed reform was Alexander James Beresford Hope, MP for Cambridge University from 1868 to 1887. The chapter then investigates the universities' connection with the Church, focusing on religious tests, clerical personnel, and theological instruction. It also considers disagreements about other areas of reform: endowments, fellowships, and headships; the independence of colleges; curriculum, teaching, ‘research’, and examinations; administrative and financial issues; and accessibility and the composition of the student body.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease:

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Many therapies are available for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Medical therapies include aminosalicylate drugs such as sulfasalazine, olsalazine, balsalazide, and various formulations of mesalamine; antibiotics; corticosteroids; immunosuppressive medications such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), methotrexate, and cyclosporine; and biotechnology medications such as anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and newer agents with different mechanisms of action. This chapter reviews these various treatments and their positions in the treatment algorithms for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Many surgical therapies also are used in patients with IBD, although a detailed review of these options is beyond the scope of this chapter.
Promotion and Suppression of Thermal Aggregation of β-Lactoglobulin by Arginine: A Concentration Dependent Mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), consisting of pronounced β-sheet content, have been chosen as a model protein which on prolonged thermal treatment forms large molecular aggregates similar to Alzheimer's type amyloid fibrils.The effects of L-arginine (free base) in thermal aggregation process of β-lg were monitored at varying concentrations.Concentration dependent opposite behaviour has been reported here for the first time where 0.2-0.3M concentration was optimized as an apparent critical concentration above which arginine acts as a suppressor and at below it behaves as a promoter of aggregation of β-lg.Solubility study and SDS-PAGE pattern followed by densitometric analysis shows this fact.Solution behaviour of arginine and its self assemblyformation were evidenced with the help of circular dichroism (CD) studies.The delocalized pi-pi (п→п) type of interaction is proposed to foster the energy stabilization during the attainment of planarity of the molecules accompanied with the self-clustering of arginine molecules.
S-band High Passive Gain Resonant Transformers Based on Aluminum Nitride FBAR Resonators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates a passive voltage amplification in GHz range based on piezoelectric resonators with decent electromechanical coupling (k t 2 ) and high quality factor (Q). The analytical model shows that keeping the transducer capacitance (Co) sufficiently small is the key to attaining high passive voltage gain at GHz frequencies. To verify the proposed idea, two aluminum nitride (AIN) thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBAR) at 2.3 GHz with Co of only 133 fF (Type A, FoM = k t 2 Q = 120) and 355 fF (Type B, FoM = 172) were implemented. As a result, high voltage gains of 21 dB (Type A) and 19 dB (Type B) have been demonstrated with reactive loadings of 120 fF and 140 fF, respectively, while achieving good input matching (S 11 < −15dB). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first MEMS-based resonant transformer demonstrated in S-band.
Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Compounds from Garcinia Cantltyna and G. Nigrolineata

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Eleven species of Garcinia (Guttiferae) from the flora of Malaysia were
screened in vitro for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Disc diffusion and
MTT methods were utilized to screen the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects,
respectively. On the basis of the screening results and literature review of the
tested plants, Garcinia cantleyana and Garcinia nigrolineata were selected for
phytochemical investigations.
The investigations of the chloroform extract of Garcinia cantleyana by a
combination of different chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of eight
new natural products: three caged tetraprenylated xanthonoids; cantlyanone A,
cantlyanone B and cantlyanone C, four caged triprenylated xanthonoids;
cantlyanone D, cantlyanone E, cantlyanone F and cantlyanone G, and 1,4,6,8-
tetra hydroxy-5-(2-methyl but-3-en-2-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (cantleyanaxanthone).
Six known compounds namely, glutin-5-en-3P-01, a mixture of stigmasterol and P-sitosterol, guadichaudion H, garbogiol and for the first time in Garcinia
species the isolation of sesquineolignan (Macranthol).
All caged-polyprenylated xanthonoids were found to exhibit significant
cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines with IC9 values from 0.2-3 pM.
Broth microdilution method was used to determine antibacterial activity for the
isolated compounds; the results showed strong antibacterial activity against
staphylococcus aureus ATCC 335591 for Cantleyanone F with MIC value of
Sesquineolignan (Macranthol) which was isolated for the first time in this genus
showed cytotoxic ICS0 values of 4.17, 3.70, 1.53, 2.53 pglml against MDA-MB-
231, MCF-7, CaOV-3 and HeLa, respectively, and antibacterial activity with an
MIC value of 3.91 pglml activity against staphylococcus aureus ATCC 335591,
the result of which is remarkable.
From the methanolic extract of Garcinia nigrolineata leaves, three compounds
were isolated, namely a mixture of stigmasterol and P-sitosterol, friedelin, and
for the first time methyl putranjivate from Garcinia nigrolineata. Bioassays was
carried out, but these compounds were inactive against several cell lines.
The structures of all compounds were carried out with the help of chemical and
modem spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, 'H NMR, I3c NMR, DEPT, 'H-
H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC).
The regulation of ATP‐sensitive K+ channel activity in intact and permeabilized rat ventricular myocytes.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. In isolated rat heart ventricular myocytes exposed to 2 mM‐cyanide in the presence of 10 mM‐2‐deoxyglucose (complete metabolic blockade), there is a time‐dependent increase in ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activity. The increase in KATP channel activity accompanies the decline of twitch amplitude. Channel activation and decline of the twitch amplitude precede the development of a ‘rigor’ contracture. 2. We measured KATP channel activity in permeabilized cells using the open‐cell attached (O‐C‐A) patch configuration (by establishing a cell‐attached patch and then permeabilizing the cell by exposure to saponin). The apparent ATP dependence of KATP channel activity could be described by a sigmoid curve with ki, ATP (ATP concentration required for half‐maximum inhibition of channel activity) = 122 microM and H (Hill coefficient) = 1.225. 3. In the O‐C‐A patch configuration, 10 mM‐creatine phosphate (CrP) decreased the apparent ki, ATP from 122 microM to about 10 microM, and the maximal activity (in zero ATP) was decreased to about 30% of the maximal activity in the absence of CrP. 4. In isolated inside‐out (I‐O) patches, ATP inhibited KATP channel activity at much lower [ATP] than in the O‐C‐A patch configuration (ki, ATP = 25 microM, H = 2). CrP was without effect on I‐O patches. 5. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the difference in the ATP dependence of KATP channel activity in the O‐C‐A and I‐O patch configurations arises because of ATP consumption in the O‐C‐A patch configuration. The results suggest that hydrolysis of ATP to ADP by endogenous ATPases leads to the development of gradients of [ATP] and [ADP] between the bath and the ‘inside’ of the open cell. By re‐phosphorylating ADP, CrP is able to dissipate these gradients, revealing the ‘true’ ATP dependence of channel activity, which is the same as that in the I‐O patch configuration. 6. In order to estimate the contribution of KATP channel activity to the rat cardiac action potential at different [ATP] we have made the following measurements. Using electrodes of resistance 2‐8 M omega the density of KATP channels was 10.3 +/‐ 0.1 channels per patch (n = 162).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
STROKE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 2009-2013 IN TURKEY: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Stroke becomes increasingly important disease which threatens public health inTurkey as in all over the world. Our objective with this study was to examine the trends ofliterature about stroke among journals published in Turkey over the past five years.Methods: This bibliometric analysis of stroke related articles included 102 journals indexed inULAKBIM Turkish Medical Database between 2009 and 2013. Journals were held preliminaryelimination by issues and 807 volumes of 52 journals within the General Medical Journalswere examined one by one. Turkish Journal of Neurology, Turkish Journal of CerebrovascularDisease, Turkish Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurological Sciences-Turkish, Turkish Journal ofPhysiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitationwere examined as site-specific journals and total volume was 98 in these journals. Studieswere analyzed by type of study, issue and department.Results: While 52 journals have a total of 807 volumes and 10146 articles, only 66 studies(28 original articles, 11 reviews, 17 case reports) were found related to the stroke within theGeneral Medical Journals. While site-specific journals have 92 volumes and 1714 articles, thenumber of stroke related researches was 98.Discussion: Although there are some studies related to the stroke in Turkey, it has been seenthat the number of these studies is not enough when its public and health related importanceis considered. It has been thought that the factors which cause these results are neededfurther investigation to increase the number of qualified researches in our country.&amp;nbsp;
Etiology and Drug Resistance Pattern of Osteomyelitis Associated with Combat-Related Injuries in Iraqi Patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteomyelitis is a progressive infection of bone that results in inflammatory destruction of the bone. The aim of this study was to detemine etiological agents of osteomylitis and management of it in Iraqi Patients admitted in an Iranian Hospital. This study carried out by Doctors without Borders (MSF group) in Imam Hussein Hospital of Mehran with cooperation of Milad Hospital. Surgical debridement, bone graft, fixation and antibiotic therapy were the major management programe and. The most prevalent organisms isolated from patients included Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Klebseilla pneumonia. The majority of these microorganisms were resistant to third generation of cephalosporins. Colistin was the sole antibiotic which most of gram-negative rods were susceptible to it. Nearly 34 % isolates of S.aureus were resistant to methicillin .All isolates of S.aureus were susceptible to vancomycin.
A framework of a stakeholders' value exchange model and a paradigm of practice

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a framework of the value exchange model (VEM) which will allow firms, researchers and stakeholders to comprehend the value patterns and requirements of various stakeholders during the development processes of service concepts, and to further provide suitable services for the stakeholders. As well, a service development workshop which adopted the VEM was held to serve as a paradigm of applications of the model. By applying the tool and the service development methodology, we hope that firms, service providers and stakeholders involved in the service context can obtain insights into the interactions, needs and value of stakeholders. A platform of value co-creation can thereby be created for firms and stakeholders, and experience-centred service can be provided and implemented accordingly.
Treaty of Paris vs. Treaty of Niagara: Rethinking Canadian economic history in the 21st century

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, I argue that in focussing on the role of natural resource exports (“staples”) as drivers of the extent and characteristics of economic growth, Canadian economic history has overlooked questions of resource ownership. Equally it has focused on the development of the settler economy rather than on that of Indigenous nations, with little acknowledgement of the relationship between the two. I review some milestones in the evolution of legal recognition of Indigenous land and resource rights, an evolution that has a direct impact on today's Canadian economy. I then survey some recent papers to demonstrate that the theoretical and empirical tools of economists can combine to provide important new insights into, and a more holistic picture of, the development of the Canadian economy.
The Application of CLIL Approach in EFL Writing Course Integrated with Ideological and Political Elements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

College EFL writing course is both humanistic and instrumental, thus it has an important educational function. The CLIL is an effective approach to optimize foreign language curriculum system and provides a new mode for integrating ideological and political contents into foreign language instruction. It facilitates the development of learners’ language proficiency and think abilities. Therefore, the present study explored the feasibility of integrating ideological and political contents into College EFL writing curriculum under the guidance of CLIL approach, aiming to provide new perspectives for the reform of EFL writing curriculum.
Double-atomic-layer Tl-Mg compound on a Si(111) surface with advanced electronic properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report on the formation and comprehensive study of atomic and electronic structures of a new Tl-Mg two-dimensional compound reconstruction with $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ periodicity on a Si(111) substrate. Owing to properties of its constituent elements and crystal structure with a breathing kagome lattice of Mg and a dense Tl layer (4/3 monolayer), this double-layer system displays promising features, including spin-split metallic bands, nearly flat bands, and a saddle point with corresponding divergences in the local density of states. These features indicate the possibility that strongly correlated electronic states exist in this structure after tuning the Fermi level position. In accordance with the ${C}_{3}$ symmetry, we observe spin-orbit-coupling-driven Rashba-type spin splitting with spin degeneracy at the $\overline{M}$ point and Zeeman-like splitting at the $\overline{K}$ point. In contrast to the previously reported cases, splitting at the $\overline{K}$ point is significant to produce fully out-of-plane spin-polarized cones. Due to opposite Berry curvatures at the $\overline{K}$ and ${\overline{K}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ points of the hexagonal surface Brillouin zone, spins at these valleys have opposite signs, which ensure effective spin-pseudospin coupling.