jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Construction of RNAi Adenovirus Targeting both p53 and VEGF Synchro- nously and Its Gene Silencing Function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To construct RNAi adenovirus targeting both VEGF and p53 in the same time. Methods: The interfering plasmids targeting VEGF and p53 were constructed respectively. Then the H1 promoter and RNAi sequence were cut and ligated to pAdTrack successively to generate pAdTrack/VEGF/p53, which was transfected into BJ5183 cells containing pAdEasy-1 to generate pAd/VEGF/p53 after homologous recombination, harvesting the adenovirus after infecting 293 cells. The knockdown of VEGF and p53 by pAd/VEGF/p53 was detected through real-time PCR after infecting MCF-7 cells. Results: The constructed pAd/VEGF/p53 containing being inserted two H1 promoters and RNAi sequences was identified by BamH digesting. The VEGF and p53 mRNA level of MCF-7 cells decreased obviously after being infected by pAd/VEGF/p53. Conclusions: The RNAi adenovirus targeting both VEGF and p53 in the same time was successfully constructed and it can silence both genes obviously.
Get to Know Public Relations Practitioners and Their Way Before and During Covid-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2020, the widespread of a virus named Covid-19 or more commonly known as Corona, has been happening and has caused many disturbances in peoples’ lives. Of course, this is also applicable to people who are working. It affects many working people as they now have to face the Movement Control Order (MCO). The MCO restricts people from moving to places as it is trying to avoid gathering people that could potentially spread the virus even faster. Since we are researching Public Relations Practitioners, we are trying to see how this pandemic will affect how they work during the pandemic. We theorize that there was a significant change in the way Public Practitioners work before and during Covid-19. Therefore, we have interviewed many Public Relations practitioners to see if what we theorize was true. We pose multiple questions about how this pandemic has affected their work as public relations practitioners. We theorize that the MCO especially has left a significant impact in their career as the MCO would restrict things such as moving around from place to place to meet clients. Standard of Procedures was also established to combat the Covid-19 pandemic, and its content forbids a gathering of people. People need to commit to social distancing as well as there needs to be a set amount of people allowed in one confined place. Because of all of this, we theorize that Public Relations practitioners are now learning to conduct meetings with clients and other employees virtually. Whether through Skype, Google Meet, or Zoom, all of those factors may result in them having to reschedule their whole plan for the year.
STUDIES IN THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS (BUERGER)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the past two years our investigations have shown that patients with thrombo-angiitis obliterans have a low blood volume1and a low basal metabolism.2In a paper published in 1926, Thompson3stated that the blood volume in cases of myxedema was low and that by administration of thyroid the blood volume could be brought up to normal. A similar observation is recorded by Wislicki.4In order to determine whether a similar increase in blood volume could be produced in thrombo-angiitis obliterans by the use of thyroid, we selected a group of fourteen cases for this study. An analysis of the data published by Thompson suggested that the changes he noted were more striking in men than in women patients, although he does not mention this fact. Since we have had no women patients with thrombo-angiitis obliterans, we were unable to investigate this important point.

MATERIAL AND
[Endolymphatic analgesia after the surgery for an acute mechanical ileus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It was established in experiment that, while endolymphatic infusion of analgin with droperidol, the maximal analgin concentration in central lymph, blood and cerebrospinal fluid holds out much longer than while intramuscular injection. In 39 patients, operated on for an acute mechanical ileus, the endolymphatic analgin and droperidol infusion have permitted to achieve a stable anesthesia.
Two Cases of “Pure” or “Primary” Erotomania Successfully Treated with Pimozide

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Erotomania is a mono-delusional disorder which, in its “pure” or “primary” form, should probably belong to the diagnostic category of Paranoia. Traditionally, the prognosis and response to treatment are very poor, but one of the present authors has previously proposed that the condition should respond to pimozide. Case histories of two patients successfully treated with this drug are presented.
CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO MUTANTS OF PRO-UROKINASE (Ala~(175)→Ser,Tyr~(187) →His AND Ala~(175) →Ser,Tyr~(187)→His)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator(scu PA, also named pro UK) is an important thrombolytic agent in therapy of thrombosis. The activation of plasminogen on the surface of fibrin induced by pro UK, is much specific and effective, resulting very small tendency of bleeding from system lytic state. Therefore, great importance has been attached to scu PA in clinics. Though pro UK has some selectivity for fibrin, its higher selectivity for fibrin in human bodies was counteracted by its higher intrinsic activity when it was used in large doses. The risk of bleeding still remains. It was discovered that the stretch of 297～313 amino acids in scu PA formed a loop. Lys 300 ,the only positive charge amino acid in the loop might interact with Asp 355 which was sited near the active center by charge attraction. Thus Ser 365 was pulled , Ser 365 Asp 255 ,His 204 might form the active center on the 3 D structure resulted in the high intrinsic activity of pro UK. Besides, according to the data of crystal structure of chymotrypsin, Asp 194 , His 40 and Ser 32 formed a zymogen triad, which keeps the inactive conformation of chymotrypsin. As a member of the zymogens of serine protease family, pro UK lacks the zymogen triad, His 40 and Ser 32 were replaced respectively by Tyr 187 and Ala 175 . This was also the structure basis of pro UK's high enzymatic activity. To reduce the intrinsic activity of pro UK, 2 mutant genes of pro urokinase, muk1(Ala 175 →Ser, Tyr 187 →His, Lys 300 →His) and muk2(Ala 175 →Ser, Tyr 187 →His) were constructed by site directed mutagenesis, and were expressed in E. Coli BL21. The expressed incusion body was treated by denaturation and renaturation, and purified by SP sepharose ion exchange chromatography and BenzamindineSepharose affinity adsorption. Using the synthetic substrate S2444, the intrinsic activity and the enzymatic activity of two chain form of muk1 and muk2 were measured. The intrinsic activities of muk1 and muk2 were 8 fold and 2.5 fold lower than that of pro urkinase ,respectively. The enzymatic activity of two chain muk1 was 1.5 fold higher than that of urokinase and the activity of muk2 was the same as wild type urokinase. The mechanism and the structure basis of a much higher intrinsic catalytic activity than other zymogens of the serine protease family was discussed.
APA Intervention Developing Embolic Agent in Cerebrovascular Deformity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) intervention deveolping embolic agent in cerebrovascular deformity(CVD). Methods The embolic agent and radiologic developing embolic agent with or without metal powder were encapsulated with APA microcapsules. Then the developing effects of both agents(with or without metal powder) were observed under X-ray in vitro.Where as both,agents were injected into rabbit femoral artery to evaluate their effect in vivo.The preliminary clinical trial was carried out in 2 patients with CVD. Results The radiologic effect of developing embolic agent(with metal powder) was better than that of the agent without metal powder. The developing embolic agent injected into rabbit presented good developing effect under X-ray.It showed in clinical trial this agent processed not only the good developing character but also reliable embolic effect.Conclusions The therapeutic effect of APA intervention developing embolic agent in CVD is good and reliable.
Transient expression of a plasmid gene, a tool to study DNA repair in human cells: defect of DNA repair in Cockayne syndrome; one thymine cyclobutane dimer is sufficient to block transcription.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transfected recombinant DNA with regulatory elements such as eukaryotic promoter and termination sites is transiently expressed in human fibroblast cells. Utilizing an expression vector containing the simian virus 40 (SV 40) early control region followed by the E. coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, we investigated the ability of normal, Xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne Syndrome cells to repair UV lesions in transfected DNA. Fibroblasts from Xeroderma pigmentosum patients which cannot excise pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers were unable to restore expression of UV irradiated CAT gene. An UV dose inducing one thymine cyclobutane dimer in the transcribed strand of the CAT gene blocked its transcription in these repair deficient cells. Normal cell were able to repair the lesions in transfected DNA during an incubation period of about 40 h and in this way could overcome the UV block. In several fibroblast cell lines from patients suffering from Cockayne Syndrome expression of UV damaged CAT gene was restored significantly less than in normal fibroblasts, indicating that Cockayne Syndrome is associated with a UV repair defect.
EEG-based serious games design for E-learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This final year project report records a summary of the design and implementation of the EEG-based game Remember me! for e-learning applications. This well-designed e-learning game is capable of training a kind of cognitive ability, memory, which helps people to recall important information more quickly and accurately. The player is required to play the role of a bartender and remember his customers' names and drinks in order to earn higher tips and job promotions. Two different brain states of “anxiety” and “boredom” could be detected by EEG, of which the values are calculated using fractal dimension model, during the proceeding of playing the game. These values and the threshold then determine the transition between different levels of difficulty of the game, with each level containing less or more customers to remember.
Factors influencing cognitive decline in living alone by the residence characteristics: A longitudinal study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of cognitive decline in older adults living alone in local communities and to find cognitive nursing methods by the area of residence. Methods: The participants were 164 people living alone for 12 years. The data were analyzed using a generalized estimating equations method. Results: The following factors were identified as statistically significant predictors that increased cognitive decline in older adults living alone: 1) rural areas: age (odds ratio [OR]=1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01~1.02), low education (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.13~2.07), number of diseases (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.01~1.14), 2) urban areas: women (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.09~1.49), age (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.01~1.03), low education (OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.14~1.40), body mass index (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.96~0.99), instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.00~1.04), depressive symptom (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03~1.25). Conclusion: The older adults who lived alone had different risk factors for cognitive decline depending on their areas of residence. Preventive management for cognitive decline should be presented according to the areas of residence among older adults living alone.
Genetics of Reproductive Aging from Gonadal Dysgenesis through Menopause

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reproduction is essential for the survival of the species and is influenced by external factors such as smoking and exposure to chemotherapy as well as chronic disorders such as obesity and autoimmunity. Reproductive senescence, such as menopause, is also dependent on multiple intrinsic genetic factors. Reproductive aging is not isolated from an overall aging process, and several studies strongly support the link between the early age of menopause and mortality. The extreme form of reproductive aging is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) with prevalence ranging from 1 to 5% of the female population. POI has been shown to have long-term consequences on overall health. POI and age of menopause have a significant hereditary component. The population-based genome-wide association studies have identified 44 genomic loci to associate with age of menopause, and 29 of 44 loci harbor DNA damage response genes. Recent application of whole exome sequencing on carefully selected families with POI has also revealed a significant contribution of DNA damage response genes. The inability to repair the DNA damage in both somatic and germ cells might be a predisposing factor for the link between reproductive and overall aging in a subset of individuals with POI. The aim of this review is to characterize recent advances in the genetics of POI and its link with overall health.
The Hidden Semantics of Time: to adore implicitly lasts longer than to bite

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Does to sneeze or to age implicitly convey the time scales at which we experience these events? To age appears to capture a persistent or durative state in life, whereas to sneeze appears more punctual in time. Here, we tested whether the meaning of verbs, outside of discourse or sentential context, implicitly convey an inner sense of time. For this, we used a series of categorization tasks to evaluate the implicit associations of verb meaning with psychological duration. Participants categorized verbs according to their linguistic aspect (punctual/durative) and according to four timeframes (temporal categorization). Last, we tested the association between linguistic aspect and psychological timeframes. We report reliable aspectual and temporal categorizations of verbs and, crucially, implicit associations between aspect and timeframe. Our findings suggest that outside sentential contexts, verbs implicitly convey timing information. These results have important implications for the understudied semantics and conceptual aspects of time in Human psychology and psycholinguistics.
Performance-Based Parameterization Strategies – A Theoretic Framework and Case Studies

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, alternative approaches to structure the parametric geometry in relation to information on various performances are described and exemplified.They relate to different levels of knowledge that concern the performances considered in the process and which are available to the designer while the parametric model is being set.A theoretic framework embeds the different approaches, for which the use of parametric modelling is structured in three phases: strategy-definition; model-building; and solution-assessment.The phases and their interrelations are discussed.Finally, four case studies are presented, focusing on the relation between the knowledge available in strategy-definition and the exploration occurring in solution-assessment.
Rubidium Efflux Assay for the Determination of Calcium Activated Potassium Channel Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rubidium efflux assay using flame atomic absorption spectrometry is employed in analyzing potassium channel activity. Calibration using standards of known R concentrations (10 - 100µM) in tubes was done at the beginning and end of each analysis. R standard curves were constructed from the data obtained from the analysis of the R standards in both the tubes and 96 well plates. HEK293 cells expressing the alpha subunit of BK channel were incubated with R for 4 hours after which the cells were washed and then treated with higher concentrations of KBS (50mM / 80mM) or NS1619 (0.003 - 100µM) for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed and the cells lysed with 0.1%v/v triton. The percentage efflux was then determined from values obtained after analyzing the supernatant and lysate using flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that there was consistency during each analysis as the R standard curves constructed from the data obtained overlapped with no significant difference indicating precise calibration and internal validation. For the loaded cells (un-treated), the average concentration of R in the supernatant was 14.47µM while that in the lysate was 56.24µM and statistical analysis showed there was a significant difference with p<0.0001. The treated cells with higher concentrations of KBS in comparison with 5.4mM KBS gave a percentage increase in R efflux of 47.8% for50mM KBS with significant different of p<0.0001 and 80.11% increase with significant different of p<0.05 for 80mM KBS. The treated cells with 0.1, 0.01 and 0.003µM NS1619 gave a percentage increase in efflux of 13.98%, 29.95% and 23.69% respectively. This research indicated the viability of using flame atomic absorption spectrometry for rubidium efflux assay to test for compounds activating effect on BK channel.
The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor’s Expression in Gastric Cancer and Progress in Prognostic Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastric cancer (GC) is not only one of the common gastrointestinal malignancies in clinic, but also the most common cancer in the world. In recent years, its morbidity has increased. The global morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer rank fifth among all malignancies. The morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer in our country ranks second among malignant tumors, which is twice as high as the world average. In rural, the number is 1.6 times of in urban. The early diagnosis of most gastric cancers is rare in majority of patients, and most of them are in intermediate or advanced stage when they are in treatment. The proportion of radical surgery is not high, and it is easy to relapse and metastasize. The 5-year survival rate is about 40%, and the treatment effect is poor, which is severely harmful to people’s health. Although the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is related to many factors, the nosogenesis is vague. The occurrence of tumors is closely related to the formation of new blood vessels. New blood vessels are the internal conditions for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. The factors that promoting angiogenesis include more than 10 kinds of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), among which VEGF is the most important regulator that promotes angiogenesis. By promoting the mitosis of vascular endothelial cells, it forms an essential matrix for the growth of vascular endothelial cells, plays a crucial regulatory role in the process of tumor angiogenesis, and participates in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumor cells. This article summarizes the research progress on the vascular endothelial growth factor’s expression in gastric cancer and prognostics follows.
The African swine fever virus I10L protein inhibits the NF- κ B signaling pathway by targeting IKK β

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proinflammatory factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic disease. Efforts in the prevention and treatment of ASF have been severely hindered by knowledge gaps in viral proteins responsible for modulating host antiviral responses. In this study, we identified the I10L protein (pI10L) of ASFV as a potential inhibitor of the TNF-α- and IL-1β-triggered NF-κB signaling pathway, the most canonical and important part of host inflammatory responses. The ectopically expressed pI10L remarkably suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling in HEK293T and PK-15 cells. The ASFV mutant lacking the I10L gene (ASFVΔI10L) induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines production in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/2018 strain (ASFVWT). Mechanistic studies suggest that pI10L inhibits IKKβ phosphorylation by reducing the K63-linked ubiquitination of NEMO, which is necessary for the activation of IKKβ. Morever, pI10L interacts with the kinase domain of IKKβ through its N-terminus, and consequently blocks the association of IKKβ with its substrates IκBα and p65, leading to reduced phosphorylation. In addition, the nuclear translocation efficiency of p65 was also altered by pI10L. Further biochemical evidence supported that the amino acids 1-102 on pI10L were essential for the pI10L-mediated suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The present study clarifies the immunosuppressive activity of pI10L, and provides novel insights into the understanding of ASFV pathobiology and the development of vaccines against ASF. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is now widespread in many countries and severely affects the commercial rearing of swine. To date, few safe and effective vaccines or antiviral strategies have been marketed due to large gaps in knowledge regarding ASFV pathobiology and immune evasion mechanisms. In this study, we deciphered the important role of the ASFV-encoded I10L protein in the TNF-α-/IL-1β-triggered NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of ASFV and thus contributes to the development of vaccines against ASF.
Androgens Suppress Osteoclast Formation Induced by RANKL and Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Androgen deficiency in males leads to an increase in osteoclastic bone resorption and a progressive decrease in bone mineral density. In the current studies, we examined the ability of 5α-dihydrotestosterone to suppress osteoclast formation induced by receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor in vitro. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone suppressed the differentiation of bone marrow monocytes into osteoclasts from both sham-operated and orchidectomized mice. Androgen deficiency also led to an increase in the number of hematopoietic precursors capable of forming osteoclasts and increased the relative responsiveness of these cells to androgens in vitro. Interestingly, E2 was as effective as 5α-dihydrotestosterone in suppressing osteoclast formation in bone marrow monocytes from both sham and orchidectomized mice. As with bone marrow monocytes, 5α-dihydrotestosterone also suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in the monocyte-macrophagic cell line RAW264.7. In RAW264.7 cells, androgens appear to block RANKL-induced osteoclast formation through selective regulation of c-Jun. Accordingly, 5α-dihydrotestosterone suppressed RANKL-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and reduced c-Jun expression levels. These effects resulted in a reduction in RANKL-induced activator protein-1 DNA binding activity and a corresponding suppression in activator protein-1-mediated transcriptional activation. These studies indicate that both E and androgens can suppress osteoclast formation via a direct, stromal cell-independent action on osteoclast precursors to block key transcription factors such as c-Jun essential for osteoclast differentiation.