jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Ultrasonic Backscattering in Polycrystalline Microstructures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasonic testing of polycrystalline media relies heavily on simulation of the expected signals in order to detect and correctly interpret deviations due to defects. Many effects disturb ultrasonic waves propagating in polycrystalline media. One of them is scattering due to the granular microstructure of the polycrystal. The thus arising so-called microstructural noise changes with grain size distribution and testing frequency. Here, a method for simulating this noise is introduced. We geometrically model the granular microstructure to determine its influence on the backscattered ultrasonic signal. To this end, we utilize Laguerre tessellations generated by random sphere packings dividing space into convex polytopes—the cells. The cells represent grains in a real polycrystal. Cells are characterized by their volume and act as single scatterers. We compute scattering coefficients cellwise by the Born approximation. We then combine the Generalized Point Source Superposition technique with the backscattered contributions resulting from the cell structure to compute the backscattered ultrasonic signal. Applying this new methodology, we compute the backscattered signals in a pulse-echo experiment for a coarse grain cubic crystallized Inconel-617 and a fine grain hexagonal crystallized titanium. Fitting random Laguerre tessellations to the observed grain structure allows for simulating within multiple realizations of the proposed model and thus to study the variation of the backscattered signal due to microstructural variation.
Biliary Dyskinesia—Controversies, Diagnosis, and Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance Biliary dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by biliary pain, a sonographically normal gallbladder, and a reduced gallbladder ejection fraction on cholecystokinin-cholescintigraphy (CCK-HIDA) scan. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a common treatment for biliary dyskinesia despite a lack of high-quality evidence supporting the practice. The following review summarizes the current biliary dyskinesia outcomes data, the diagnostic strategies and their limitations, biliary dyskinesia in the pediatric population, the emerging phenomenon of the hyperkinetic gallbladder, and suggestions for addressing identified knowledge gaps. Observations The majority of studies on the topic are retrospective, with wide variations in inclusion criteria and definition of biliary pain. Most report a very short follow-up interval, often a single office visit, with variable and nonstandardized definitions of a satisfactory outcome. Despite a published Society of Nuclear Medicine guideline for its performance, CCK-HIDA scan protocols vary among institutions, which has led to considerable variability in the consistency and reproducibility of CCK-HIDA results. The few prospective studies available, although small and heterogeneous, support a role for cholecystectomy in the treatment of adult biliary dyskinesia. Despite these knowledge gaps, biliary dyskinesia is now the number 1 indication for cholecystectomy in children. Cholecystectomy for the hyperkinetic gallbladder appears to be an emerging phenomenon, despite, as in biliary dyskinesia, a lack of quality data supporting this practice. Randomized trials addressing these gaps are needed but have been difficult to conduct owing to strong clinician and patient bias toward surgery and the lack of a criterion-standard nonsurgical treatment for the control arm. Conclusions and Relevance The use of cholecystectomy for adult biliary dyskinesia is reasonable based on the available data. Insufficient data exist regarding laparoscopic cholecystectomy for pediatric dyskinesia and the hyperkinetic gallbladder population. Large-scale prospective studies, either randomized trials or large prospectively followed cohort studies, are needed to address the knowledge gaps surrounding this controversial diagnosis.
USING DUET TECHNIQUE OF ENGLISH SONG ON THE TIKTOK APPLICATION TO STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILLS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the topic of teaching students to talk more fluently in English by using duet approaches. The researchers employed qualitative techniques to meet their goals. The researcher may choose to gather information through questionnaires. There were 20 students in the class X MIA at SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan who made up the study's population. For the research to go without a hitch, three songs have been prepared: Perfect by Ed Sheeran, Talking to The Moon by Bruno Mars, and I'm Yours by Jason Mraz. Pre speaking activities, speaking activities, and post speaking activities were the three sections into which research was separated throughout two meetings. Assessment is broken down into three components: pronunciation, fluency, and comprehension. Students’ present a duet using their own knowledge during the first meeting. The researchers then provided an explanation before to testing the students at the second meeting. The study's finding is that using the duet technique helps students develop their speaking abilities.
Enhancing Learning Environments for Students Affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: an Exploratory Study of Canadian Pre-service Teacher Knowledge and Conceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a pressing need for enhancing the learning environment for students affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). To develop relevant professional learning opportunities for teachers, a logical initial step is to explore the extent to which pre-service teachers accurately understand the unique neuropsychological functioning associated with FASDs and can apply their knowledge of how learning and development influence functions in the affected child. This research builds upon a theoretical framework operationalizing understanding as a composite of factual knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of students with FASD and conceptions of how this underlying impairment impacts daily functions and the consequent potential for intervention by a classroom teacher (Job et al., 2013). The analysis of questionnaire data from 77 pre-service teachers revealed a limited knowledge of FASD and its associated deficits and a lack of ability for applying knowledge to classroom practice. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for teacher education. In pre-service teacher education, knowledge about the causes and impairments associated with FASD can be taught, yet these are not useful in the absence conceptions that facilitate purposeful targeting of root issues for the individual in practice. Finally, we discuss the need for enhanced individualizing of programs for students with disabilities within an inclusive learning environment.
The Therapeutic Application of Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Du-Li-Tang) in the Cardiological Clinic.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

循環器疾患の危険因子としての怒りを治療目標とする, 柴胡を含む医療用漢方製剤は循環器疾患の予防および制御に有用である可能性があるが, その循環器外来におけるその適用は確立されていない。そこで当科循環器外来で, 柴胡を含む医療用漢方製剤として使用頻度の高かった柴胡加竜骨牡蛎湯が投与された9名 (年齢44±13歳〉mean±SD〈 男性3名, 女性6名) について, 治療効果を解析した。柴胡加竜骨牡蛎湯使用9名中7名有効で有効率は78%であった。柴胡加竜骨牡蛎湯は上室性期外収縮, 心因性咳嗽, 高血圧, 心臓神経症などの患者における動悸, 胸部不快感, 咳嗽などの胸部症状および不眠に有効であった。柴胡加竜骨牡蛎湯使用例においては, 降圧効果, 抗不整脈効果, β遮断薬との比較しての安全性などが示された。以上, 肝関連方剤のなかで, 柴胡加竜骨牡蛎湯が動悸, 不眠の改善を介して, 循環器疾患の制御および予防に有用であると思われ, 循環器外来において使用が考慮されてよい薬剤と考えられた。
In vivoproliferation of naïve and memory influenza-specific CD8+T cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The virus-specific CD8 + T cell response has been analyzed through the development, effector, and recovery phases of primary and secondary influenza pneumonia. Apparently, most, if not all, memory T cells expressing clonotypic receptors that bind a tetrameric complex of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) 366–374 peptide+H-2D b (NPP) are induced to divide during the course of this localized respiratory infection. The replicative phase of the recall response ends about the time that virus can no longer be recovered from the lung, whereas some primary CD8 + NPP + T cells may proliferate for a few more days. The greatly expanded population of CD8 + NPP + memory T cells in the lymphoid tissue of secondarily challenged mice declines progressively in mean prevalence over the ensuing 100 days, despite the fact that at least some of these lymphocytes continue to cycle. The recall of cell-mediated immunity thus is characterized by massive proliferation of the antigen-specific CD8 + set, whereas the extent of lymphocyte turnover in the absence of cognate peptide is variable, at a low level, and can be influenced by intercurrent infection.
COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AMONG KIAIS OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA IN THE MADURESE ETHNIC GROUP

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on communication patterns with an ethnographic approach has been conducted by many linguists, but apparently there has hardly been any research on communication patterns within an NU society with its strong paternalistic cultural background. In fact, the uniqueness of this culture also has had a major influence on NU members’ communication patterns in their daily interaction. This study aims to describe the communication patterns among kiais (venerated teachers of Islam) of Nahdlatul Ulama in the Madurese ethnic group (NUME) and account for the factors affecting those patterns of communication. A qualitative method with an ethnographic approach was applied to achieve this research’s objectives. The data were collected through participatory and non-participatory observations, interviews, note-taking, and recording. The recorded data were transcribed and analyzed descriptively using the components of speech analysis, conversational analysis, discourse analysis with pragmatic concepts, and explanation. This study found that giving an honor to the teacher in the NU tradition is an obligation and a tradition that is still maintained. This phenomenon is reflected in the patterns of communication among kiais that have teacher-student ties (KT-KS). The patterns of communication among kiais bearing teacher-students ties (KT-KS) are influenced by situational factors, i.e. formal and informal situations. In an informal situation the KT-KS patterns of communication are influenced by age differences. The age differences that affect the gaps of KT-KS patterns of communication both in formal and informal situations only find expression in the use of speech levels, while in terms of patterns of language selection, tones of voice, body language, and turn-taking, the differences were not found.
Trim Flap System Design for Improving Ballistic-Lifting Entry Performance of the Tianwen-1 Mars Probe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The trim flap is an aerodynamic control surface capable of allowing Mars entry vehicles to improve landing performance during the most dangerous entry, descent, and landing (EDL) phase. In present work, a deployable trim flap system was proposed to meet the aerodynamical trim requirement of the Tianwen-1 Mars probe, which provided a mass-saving alternative to the conventional use of the center-of-gravity (CG) offset of ballast mass. In order to guide the trim flap design, theoretical and finite element (FE) models were established to predict and evaluate the deployment performance. Then, a full-scale physical prototype was manufactured for deployment experiments to verify the design effectiveness as well as validate the theoretical and FE models. Results predicted by theoretical and FE models were in good agreement with deployment experiments. Furthermore, the effects of three factors on the deployment performance were investigated, including the non-linear behavior of the damping, acceleration environment, and backshell flexibility. The manufactured prototype was installed on the Tianwen-1 Mars probe, saving more than 300 kg when compared to the conventional use of ballast mass CG offset, and assisted Tianwen-1 in achieving a successful landing, making China the first country in the world to utilize the trim flap technology for Mars EDL.
Perancangan Rumah Batik Banyuwangi dengan Pendekatan Placemaking oleh Konsultan Arsitektur Interior [V]Atelier

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Humans require locations that can serve as facilities and infrastructure to carry out their daily lives. Of course, this demonstrates the significance of an architect or interior designer in creating a space that meets the requirements of its users. It is determined from the completed analysis of the business environment that there is a growing demand for commercial property at the time. It might present an opportunity for [V]Atelier, a commercial interior architectural consultant, to provide a placemaking strategy for commercial spaces. The Banyuwangi Batik House design project is an implementation project in describing business innovation and value [V]Atelier is present as a commercial interior architecture consultant that offers a design approach to placemaking. To create a warm and comfortable interior, the Banyuwangi Batik House's design will incorporate aspects of the Banyuwangi Batik culture. In its design, Rumah Batik Banyuwangi raised the concept of "batik stories" which can provide a comprehensive picture of the characteristics of Banyuwangi batik as one of Banyuwangi's proud cultures. Designing the "batik story" idea will involve applying the creative placemaking approach, which incorporates aspects of Banyuwangi batik culture and art. Rumah Batik Banyuwangi is hoping that by putting this idea into practice, it will enable all tiers of Banyuwangi society to live fulfilling lives by instilling values in each of the attributes that Banyuwangi batik presents.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Component models for cardiovascular systems after the Norwood procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

"The goal of the Norwood procedure is to provide systemic circulation in a cardiovascular system with a single ventricle. This procedure is universally performed on the patient population of newborns with a underdeveloped left ventricle, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS). Two alternative surgical methods are employed to provide the pulmonary circulation, Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Artery Conduit method and the Blalock-Taussig Shunt method. The objective of this study is to take a previous compartment model of the two cardiovascular systems, verify the physiology and accuracy of the system of ordinary differential equations, implement a simulator based on the mathematical model, and evaluate the model's capacity to produce a realistic right ventricular pressure-volume loop. A MATLAB based software tool was written to model both procedures and provide a graphical user interface for others in clinical practice. An optimizer was used to adjust the parameters in order to produce a pressure-volume loop comparable to expectations. Once a reasonable P-V loop was obtained for each model, the physiological realism of the model was analyzed to discover its validity and limitations."
Damage detection in composite beam type structure by strain measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a technique for detecting multiple delamination in a weakly damaged composite beam is presented. The conventional techniques have been successfully used to detect single delamination in composite beams. However, these techniques were not as successful in detecting multiple delaminations particularly with measurement noise in the data. Moreover, the effectiveness of these techniques relies on the reference data with which the information is compared to discriminate the damage. The proposed technique uses the perturbation in the strain measurements along the beam axis to localize multiple delaminations. A Bayesian data fusion technique developed previously is used here with strain measurements to localize the delaminations by suppressing the noise. The smart statistical fusion of several likelihood functions screens out the false noisy peaks from the damage indices and accurately highlights the delamination locations. The simulation results in this paper indicate that the proposed technique accurately detects both delaminations with severity as small as 4% even when the data are contaminated with noise level up to 20% of the measured time response signal. For further smaller delaminations, the proposed technique was able to detect one damage clearly with 5% noise level.
Abstract MP077: Longitudinal Associations Between Venous Disease Progression and Change in Quality of Life: San Diego Population Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic venous disease, one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States, is associated with lower quality of life (QOL). Although earlier studies have identified a significant association between the cross-sectional prevalence of venous disease and QOL, few studies have investigated the association between venous disease progression and change in QOL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between progression of venous disease and change in QOL in a longitudinal cohort. Methods: A population-based cohort of 1103 participants were examined at baseline and 11 years later. At both visits, QOL and risk factors were assessed by questionnaire, anthropometric measures obtained by clinical examination, and venous disease assessed by visual inspection and duplex ultrasound. QOL was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) with the resulting physical component (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS) being used in the analysis. Using ANCOVA methods to control for age, gender, and ethnicity, changes in venous disease were compared against QOL stratified into tertiles. Then, linear regression models were used to examine the longitudinal association of venous disease at baseline and change in QOL score at follow-up after controlling for covariates. Results: In the study population of 1103 individuals, 78 had regression, 340 had progression, and 685 were stable. The average age was 58.7 years (SD 10.4); 33% were male, 61% were non-Hispanic White, 15% were Hispanic, 12% were African American, and 12% were Asian. Mean BMI was 27.1 (SD 5.3), 45.4% had hypertension, 9.9% were diabetic, 3.6% were current smokers, and 34.8% were on medication for hyperlipidemia. Progression of venous disease was significantly associated with change in PCS after controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity ( β =-0.075; p =.04). The association was only slightly attenuated ( β =-.065, p=.08) after adjustment for BMI, high blood pressure, injury to either leg, smoking history, previous vein procedure, previous hernia surgery, flat feet, marital status, education level, occupation, cardiovascular-related morbidity, diabetes, and heaviness in either leg. No association was found with MCS before or after multiple covariate adjustment. Conclusions: This study confirms that individuals with progression of chronic venous disease have a greater decrease in QOL as identified by the physical component score of SF-36. Prevention of chronic venous disease progression may help retain QOL.
Equine castration: comparison of treatment with phenylbutazon, Traumeel® and control group

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Untersuchung war, den Behandlungserfolg einer prä-und postoperativen Behandlung mit Phenylbutazon (ein nicht-steroidales Antiphlogistikum) und Traumeel ® (ein homöopathisches Kombinationspräparat) im Zusammenhang mit der Kastration von Hengsten anhand klinischer Untersuchungsparameter zu vergleichen und zu beurteilen.Die behandelten Pferde wurden einer Gruppe von Pferden, die
IDDF2024-ABS-0408 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in Australia: a national survey of tips centres

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a minimally invasive therapeutic option to treat complications of portal hypertension. TIPS can provide long-term symptom control and prolong transplant-free survival. Recently, novel endovascular techniques, improved TIPS stent technology, and extended indications have emerged, prompting updates to international guidelines. It is unclear whether these updates are reflected in current clinical practice across TIPS centres in Australia. Moreover, there is a paucity of real-life data regarding TIPS indications, patient selection, and outcomes. Here, we investigated existing practices and benchmarked the current landscape of TIPS provision in Australia against international guidelines to assess the need for a national clinical practice guideline.

Methods

We designed a 42-item questionnaire to investigate the current landscape of TIPS services across four key domains: patient selection, best procedure practice, post-operative management, and service development.

Results

23 (68%) TIPS centres completed the questionnaire. This nationwide study demonstrated that the TIPS procedure is not commonly performed. Between 2017 and 2019, there were only 456 elective TIPS insertions. Units offering TIPS had a low annual caseload with 7 TIPS implantations per year. Remarkably, more than half of TIPS centres (56%) lacked institutional clinical practice guidance or any standard of care protocols, for many aspects of the TIPS procedure. More than one-third of TIPS centres are not providing pre-emptive 'early' TIPS for qualifying patients. There was marked variation in routine clinical practice across institutions for TIPS indications and patient selection. Despite this variation, success rates of elective procedures were high (92%), while the success rate of rescue TIPS was 87%. There was significant variation in post-TIPS follow-up care.

Conclusions

This survey represents a baseline snapshot of TIPS in 'real life' in Australia. The current practices differ drastically across institutions. Significant discrepancies between international guidelines for TIPS and current Australian practice exist, underscoring the need for a national consensus and registry to reduce clinical variation, improve TIPS uptake, and monitor the quality of care and outcomes.
EFFECT OF 6-DIMETHYLAMINOPURINE ON THE RESUMPTION OF MEIOSIS AND PARTHENOGENETIC ACTIVATION IN MOUSE OOCYTES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromatin condensation and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in mouse cumulus free oocytes was blocked by 2 mmol/L of 6-DMAP in vitro. Mouse oocytes (MⅡ) from superovulated female mice could be activated by 6-DMAP. The activation rates of oocytes (18-19 h post hCG) cultured in CZB medium with 2 mmol/L 6-DMAP for 0.5、 1、 2、 3 h,
were 26.1%、 75.2%、 75.8%、 77.3% respectively (Table 1), and the cleavage rates of these activated oocytes were 88.2%、 73.2%、 67.0%、 58.4% respectively (Table 2). The parthenogenetic activation type induced by 6-DMAP was different from that produced by ethanol (Fig.1).