jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Terminal tracheal cells of Drosophila are immune privileged to maintain their Foxo-dependent structural plasticity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Respiratory organs fulfill several tasks, of which gas exchange is the most important. This function is also true for the Drosophila respiratory organ, the tracheal system, in which the tracheal terminal cells (TTCs), the functional equivalents of the mammalian lung’s alveoli, are the structures where gas exchange occurs. To cope with the plethora of inhaled bacteria, fungi, and viruses, the trachea, like all airway organs, developed a sophisticated innate immune system to protect its large surface area. Bacterial infection of the Drosophila larval tracheal system induced a robust immune response throughout the entire airway epithelium, except for the TTCs that lacked this response. TTCs do not express the membrane-associated peptidoglycan recognition receptor PGRP-LC, which we assume protects these susceptible cells from Immune deficiency (Imd) pathway activation and JNK- mediated cell death. Thus, TTCs can be considered an immune-privileged cell type compared to the rest of the tracheal tissue. Targeted overexpression of PGRP-LCx in these cells led to a significant reduction in branching, cell damage, and ultimately cell death, which depletion of AP-1 or foxo could rescue. We hypothesize that the structural plasticity of TTCs in response to nutritional cues and hypoxia is incompatible with a potent immune function. Both reactions, the structural plasticity, and the immune response, require the transcription factor foxo, and we showed that it is essential for structural plasticity. Thus, the immune-privileged status of TTCs is (presumably) a mechanism that ensures normal TTC function.
Mechanism of citrinin‐induced dysfunction of mitochondria. VI. Effect on iron‐induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver mitochondria and microsomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The inhibition by citrinin (CTN) of lipid peroxidation of mitochondria, sub-mitochondrial particles (SMP) and microsomes was studied. This effect was reversed by the presence of high concentrations of Fe3+ (0·4 and 0·5 mM), suggesting chelation of the mycotoxin with iron or interference in the reduction of Fe3+. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear dynamics of geometrically exact beams modelled under the special euclidean lie group formulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic analysis of flexible slender beams, which exhibit significant geometric nonlinearities due to large displacements and rotations, is critical for various industrial applications, including the aerospace, automotive, and renewable energy sectors. The use of mathematically rigorous and geometrically exact formulations, such as those based on Lie groups, is essential in modelling geometric nonlinearities accurately. However, current state-of-the-art dynamic analysis tools cannot be used on the nonlinear configuration space of Lie groups and require adaptation. This thesis addresses this challenge by developing both a single shooting and a multiple shooting method, together with a pseudo-arclength continuation method, which is compatible with geometrically exact beam formulations based on the Special Euclidean Lie group SE(3). Due to the correct kinematic representation of displacements and rotations in the Lie group framework of rigid body motion, and the local frame representation of the beam equations, the SE(3) model is geometrically exact and inherently shear locking free. The adapted shooting and continuation methods developed in this thesis enable the SE(3) model to be used in industrial applications. These methods are used herein to compute nonlinear normal modes and forced responses of geometrically nonlinear structures, in addition to performing stability analysis and bifurcation detection. The results affirm the suitability of the SE(3) formulation in modelling large amplitude motions, and confirm the effectiveness of the shooting and continuation methods in capturing nonlinear dynamic phenomena such as bifurcations and mode interactions with high accuracy, paving the way for its application in industrial design and analysis. This thesis therefore contributes to filling a critical gap in current industrial modelling capabilities, providing a rigorous and efficient approach for analysing nonlinear dynamics of flexible structures.
Vigabatrin-associated retinal cone system dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: I read with interest the report by Krauss et al.1 on visual and ERG abnormalities in epileptic patients taking vigabatrin. The presence of field constriction as an infrequent complication of vigabatrin therapy has been previously documented2 and is of clinical relevance. It is important to evaluate carefully the evidence for the authors' hypothesis that the visual complications of vigabatrin are due to dysfunction in the inner retinal layers of the cone system. Dysfunction in the cone system is generally characterized by abnormalities in color vision and central scotoma, neither of which are present in …
Modelling the transition from grain-boundary sliding to power-law creep in dry snow densification

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents a physics-based macroscale model for the densification of dry snow which provides for a smooth transition between densification by grain-boundary sliding (stage 1) and densification by power-law creep (stage 2). The model uses established values of the stage 1 and 2 densification rates away from the transition zone and two transition parameters with a simple physical basis: the transition density and the half-width of the transition zone. It has been calibrated using density profiles from the SUMup database and physically based expressions for the transition parameters have been derived. The transition model produces better predictions of the depth of the nominal bubble close-off horizon than the Herron and Langway model, both in its classical form and in a recent version with re-optimised densification rates.
Perceptions of tourists at risky destinations. A model of psychological influence factors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to present a model including essential constructs for the measurement of travellers' characteristics in a perceived unsafe destination. This model functions as the basis for three empirical case studies testing the relevance and explanatory power of stable factors regarded as crises‐resistant (e.g. values and holiday preferences) and dependent aspects regarded as crises‐sensitive (attitudes, perceptions and holiday activities). Design/methodology/approach In total, 930 tourists completed a standardized questionnaire in three regions confronted with or threatened by terrorist attacks as a specific form of tourist crisis (Bali, Indonesia; Sinai, Egypt and Catalonia, Spain). Owing to the coincidence that during fieldwork the second attack on Bali happened it was possible to compare travellers before and after the attack and to test the conception of crises‐stable and crises‐sensitive factors (RQ1). Linear multiple regressions were run to detect significant influence factors on sensation seeking and holiday needs (based on the whole sample) (RQ2) and on risk perceptions and intercultural contact efforts (analysed separately for every destination) (RQ3). Findings The results in Bali predominantly justify the model of crises‐stable and crises‐resistant indicators. Considering influences on the stable level values referring to openness for change (self direction, hedonism and stimulation) and to self transcendence (universalism, benevolence) exert the highest influence on travel needs. The weak influences of sensation seeking on security feelings during a holiday lead to the conclusion that these two constructs have to be clearly differed. The perception of a convenient, relaxing atmosphere, a low awareness of risks on holidays and a commitment towards tourism‐related problems seem to be highly relevant for open contacts with the host society. Originality/value The empirical results of the study in Bali are of particular importance because there is still little scientific knowledge about the immediate psychological reactions of tourists to crises states in destinations. Highly relevant explanatory factors are reported in this study due to high effect sizes regarding sensation seeking, holiday needs and intercultural communication efforts.
Prevalence of recent thoracic CT imaging in a population undergoing lung cancer screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The UK Targeted Lung Health Check protocol recommends deferring lung cancer screening (LCS) for individuals who underwent a thoracic CT in the past 12 months. The impact of this recommendation is unquantified. Here, we report the prevalence and implications of recent thoracic CT in individuals undergoing LCS assessment in North-Central London. Methods: Individuals with recent (in the preceding 12 months) thoracic CT were identified on direct questioning at Phone Screening (PS) and subsequent in-person Lung Health Check (LHC) assessment for LCS eligibility, or by reviewing patient records before LHC. CT reports were reviewed by a clinician to guide further management. Results: Of 2313 individuals assessed between 5/12/22 and 10/2/23, 120 (5.2%) reported having had a recent thoracic CT. On review, 22 (1.0%) of these had erroneously reported this information and proceeded with LCS. 98 (4.2%) individuals had LCS deferred as per the protocol. Of these, 69 (70.4%) and 29 (29.6%) were identified at PS and LHC respectively. Findings relevant to screening (e.g., nodules) and incidental findings were identified on 61 of 98 (62.2%) CT reports. 9 individuals had findings requiring closure of the screening round (e.g., ongoing nodule follow up outside of screening). Re-invitation to screening was delayed by a median of 242 (IQR 121-348) days. Conclusion: A significant minority of individuals undergoing LCS assessment had recent thoracic CTs, necessitating appropriate deferral of LCS and avoiding unnecessary radiation. Local protocols should be implemented to proactively identify individuals with recent thoracic CT imaging to avoid inappropriate timing of LCS and ensure later re-invitation.
Proyecto EDNA: Una estrategia de análisis del cumplimiento de los derechos de la niñez y la adolescencia en Costa Rica

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An update on the State of the Child and Adolescent Rights Project (EDNA) is presented, including the highlights of EDNA’s previous reports (published since 2000). This update is presented as an analysis of the EDNA’s effectiveness in terms of the acceptance and enforcement of these rights (as defined by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Children) by society.
The Sir Syed and independence movement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1857 war of Independance ,Bahadur Shah Zafar`s defeat and the British`s victory had averted the entire scenario of sub-continent.It resulted that the rulers were became the slaves who were striving hard to secure their lives.The same history was repeated their subject too.The Muslims of sub-continent faced every type of torture and injustice.The Muslims were thrown to the jails, the scaffolds were made ready to hangout them.The Muslim families were suffering from financial crunch and the worst circumstances .It seemed that doom and depressionwere made finalized.Among these dejected circumstances,Sir Syed emerged as a Masiha of knowledge and wisdom stood stalwort in front of British.This article enlightens the services of Sir Syed for Freedom Movement.
1234-P: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists Use prior to Pregnancy Is Not Associated with Abnormal Birthweight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1 RAs) are contraindicated in pregnancy. The effects of pre-pregnancy GLP1 RA exposure on birthweight and other pregnancy outcomes is unknown. Methods: In a retrospective cohort of 130,844 pregnancies (2016 to 2024), we used prescription records from 3 years prior to conception to the end of the 1st trimester to identify 181 full-term, singleton pregnancies with pre-pregnancy exposure to GLP1 RAs. We applied propensity scores based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal age, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and year and location of delivery to match 1 GLP1 RA exposed to 3 unexposed pregnancies. We fit logistic mixed models to examine the risk of large for gestational age birthweight (LGA, birthweight &gt;90th percentile for gestational age and sex) in exposed versus unexposed pregnancies. Secondary outcomes included small for gestational age birthweight (SGA) and gestational weight gain (GWG). We also examined birthweight outcomes after limiting the exposure window 6 months prior to conception through 1st trimester. Results: We included 724 pregnancies (181 exposed and 543 unexposed). Mean [SD] maternal age at delivery was 34.2 (5.0) years, mean [SD] pre-pregnancy BMI was 37.0 (8.4) kg/m2, and 17.9% of pregnancies had pre-existing diabetes. There was greater GWG in the GLP1 RA exposed group (29.4 [28.9, 35.2] versus 26.2 [24.8, 27.7] lbs). The odds of LGA and SGA were not different in the GLP1 RA exposed versus the unexposed group (LGA: 15% of exposed vs 18.2% of unexposed, OR 0.82 [0.52, 1.30], p=0.40; SGA: 6.6% of exposed and 6.8% of unexposed, OR 0.97 [0.48, 1.94], p=0.93). In 90 pregnancies exposed to GLP1 RA in the 6 months prior to conception and 270 unexposed pregnancies, the odds of LGA and SGA were also not significantly different. Conclusion: Despite greater GWG, the risk of LGA is similar among individuals exposed to GLP1 RA prior to pregnancy compared to unexposed matched controls. Disclosure J. Maya: None. Y. Fu: None. D. Pant: None. T. Thaweethai: None. K. James: None. C.I. Batlle Camero: None. S. Hsu: None. D.C. Soria-Contreras: None. L. Shook: None. M. Hivert: None. C.E. Powe: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. Other Relationship; Mediflix, Wolters Kluwer Health. Funding American Diabetes Association (9-24-JDFWH-01); NIDDK K26DK138346 NIDDK T32DK007028MGH Physician/Scientist Development Award
Notes on the shell - mounds at Seaford,Little Swanport

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the many interesting relics of the Aborigines of \nTasmania that yet remain, not the least interesting are the \nshell- mounds that mark the spot where they formed their encampments \nand feasted before the intrusion of a white race \nhad disturbed their simple and peaceful modes of living. \nSuch shell heaps as that to which I am about to refer occur \nin other parts of the world, and for some time they were supposed \nto be nothing more particular than ordinary " raised \nbeaches." Even now in Tasmania there are many well-informed \npeople who cannot bring themselves to believe that \nthe shell heaps noticeable in many places on our shores are \nthe kitchen-middens, or " refuse heaps," of the Aborigines of \nthe colony ; and it is for the information of such sceptics that \nI place on record the following evidence as establishing \nbeyond all reasonable doubt the fact that they are this, and \nnothing more.
Analysis of Effects of Operational Execution on Repeat Purchasing for Heterogeneous Customer Segments

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many retailers are increasingly turning to home delivery as a new arena of operational competition. This study controlled for industry by investigating the online home delivery grocery business, and an analysis of 1,919 customers of home delivery grocers identified four groups of online customers based on reasons for selecting this service. These four groups were next linked to operational execution in terms of service, product, and Internet quality, and found to vary in predicable ways. Subsequent to the initial data collection, five month's of post hoc longitudinal purchasing history was collected on the four groups of online customers to determine the relative profitability. Finally, as a follow‐on analysis, the study used regression to predict future consumer purchases based upon operational execution. Time savings and service quality emerged as the two most important independent variables in terms of future buying from such online home delivery services.
Measuring the impact of influenza vaccination national strategy among the at risk Portuguese population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT - Yearly seasonal influenza vaccine is recommended to individuals with chronic conditions or aged ≥65 years (high-risk group). However, for these high-risk individuals, the vaccine coverage has been lower than targeted, vaccine effectiveness may be altered by age or presence of chronic conditions and the impact of the vaccination strategy is still unknown. With focus in the high-risk group, this thesis aimed contributing to the national influenza strategy by providing information on i) influenza vaccine coverage and associated factors; ii) vaccine effectiveness and iii) impact of influenza vaccination strategy at population level. Results indicate that the proportion of individuals with vaccine uptake for four consecutive seasons was only 27%. Age, having a chronic condition and use of health care were positively associated to vaccine uptake. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated in 52% against medically-attended influenza and 32% against influenza hospital admissions in the ones aged ≥65 years. The tested hypothesis of an effect modification of the vaccine by age or chronic conditions, was inconclusive, probably due to lack of power. The impact of influenza vaccination strategy indicate that on average, during the period 2014/15-2017/18, the strategy averted 715 primary care medically attended influenza; 1833 hospitalizations and 383 intra-hospital. The influenza vaccine strategy had consistent and positive benefit in the high-risk population. To maximize the impact, efforts should be conducted to increase the vaccine coverage and the results of this thesis could be used to design targeted strategies. The continuous monitoring of the vaccine effectiveness and population impact could contribute in this effort.
Morphogenetic Action of Insect Hormones

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two classes of hormones-ecdysones and juvenile hormones (JH)-regulate the morphogenetic changes of insect metamorphosis. Recent advances in structural analysis and synthesis have resulted in the ready availability of synthetic forms, analogues, and mimics of these hormones; and there has already been considerable speculation on their molecular modes of action (4, 26, 27, 68, 87.92, 102). However, the morphogenetic responses of the various experimental systems to these hormones must be more rigorously established and understood before final judgement can be passed on their molecular bases of action. The following questions summarize the key areas of active research which are amenable to morphological analysis: 1. Does JH exert an all-or-none action on an individual cell? 2. Does JH reprogram embryonic cells? 3. Does JH regulate changes in larval structure? 4. Can JH cause a reversal of metamorphosis? 5: What is the nature of the interaction of JH and ecdysone: synergism, antago­ nism, mimicry, or mutual interdependence? 6. Is regulation of DNA synthesis the key step in the action of ecdysone or JH? 7. Is ecdysone capable of initiating all of the steps needed for the completion of a new cuticle? Although these will comprise the main topics to be covered in this review;because of broad areas of overlap between some of these topics, I have found it more logical to organize the following discussion somewhat differently. Further, recent compre­ hensive reviews of insect endocrinology (12, 67, 70, 76, 98, 106) and morphogenesis (89) make a survey of all the pertinent literature unnecessary and I have selected
Abstract 4059: Crosstalk between CD8+ T and NK cells: fine-tuning of antitumor immune response

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Local tumor antigen-specific T cell-NK cell collaboration is indispensable for the elimination of tumor cells, including antigen-deficient tumor escape variants before metastasis. While mechanistic details are available for the innate instruction of the T cell responses, little is known for the adaptive control of NK cell activity. We observed in a mouse model of mastocytoma expressing a self tumor antigen P1A that effector CD8+ T cells provided a necessary “help” to dormant NK cells in eliciting their antitumor effector function. Bioluminescence imaging of mastocytoma tumors following adoptive transfer of P1A-specific T cells in RAG-/- and RAG-/-γc-/- mice showed that NK cell anti-tumor activity requires cytolytic T cells, whereas T cells can function independent of NK cells. In 2D and 3D co-culture systems, we observed that PMA/ionomycin-stimulated CD8+ T cells form multiple contacts with naïve NK lymphocytes. Data show that NK cells interacting with activated CD8+ T cells show an up-regulation of CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by intercellular contacts, and activation of NKG2D receptors and Stat2, Stat6, Jak1, Jak3, Tyk2, and PTEN signaling molecules with a decrease in the phosphorylation of Stat1, PKB/Akt, SAPK/JNK, p38. On the other hand, interacting NK cells down-regulate CD25 molecule expression on CD8+ T cells and promote differentiation of central memory CD44+CD62L+ T cells. CD8+ T cells display an elevation in the phosphorylation of Stat1 and down-regulation of Stat5 with stimulated PKB/Akt, Lck, mTOR, and p42/p44. Moreover, significant changes in the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+, production of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and synthesis of nitric oxide and non-protein thiols (mostly, reduced glutathion) were observed in a reciprocal T cell-NK cell interaction. These results highlight the importance of mitochondrial activity in the re-modeling of activation signaling and memory differentiation of interacting CD8 T cells and NK cells. These results will help refine cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Roman V. Uzhachenko, J Shawn Goodwin, Lino Costa, Alexander Terekhov, Menaka C. Thounaojam, William H. Hofmeister, Anil Shanker. Crosstalk between CD8+ T and NK cells: fine-tuning of antitumor immune response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4059. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4059
Tuberculoid lesions and pyogranulomatous pneumonia in a Capybara (Hydrochaeris hidrochaeris).

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Corynebacterium kutscheri, a gram positive, and acid- alcohol resistant slightly curved bacillus, causes an infection in rodents called murine corynebacteriosis which was named at first as murine pseudotuberculosis due resembled the mouse tuberculosis, a clinical disease with abscesses pulmonary and caseous necrosis. The majority of infections in rodents are subclinical and only immunosuppressive effects reveals the clinical cases that are presented with nasal and ocular discharge, dyspnea, arthritis and skin abscesses forming 15 mm gray nodules. Corynebacterias are considered zoonotic, and the man becomes infected through direct