jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Levels of Surplus Date on Performance, Egg Quality and Blood Parameters in Laying Hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred forty-four 26-wk-old white Hy-Line layers (W-36) were fed commercial diets containing 0, 1.5, 3 and 5% surplus date for three period of 28 days each to study the effects of dietary surplus date on hen performance (egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio ‘FCR’ and body weight gain) and egg quality parameters (Haugh unit score, yolk colour index, yolk index, egg shape, shell weight, shell thickness and density). The yolk of eggs extracted and cholesterol content were determined on one egg of each replicate hens in each period. Blood samples were collected in non-heparin zed tubes from six hens in each treatment through brachial vein at the end of experiment. Serum was separated after 8-10 hrs and was stored at – 20 oC for subsequent analysis. Hen performance (egg production, egg mass, feed intake, FCR and weight gain) and egg quality parameters (Haugh unit score, yolk colour index, yolk index, egg shape, shell weight, shell thickness and density) were not significantly different among treatments (P>0.05); However in all traits, the control group had numerically lower value, except egg weight that was significantly increased with supplementation of surplus date in diet. The dietary surplus date did not significantly affect egg cholesterol, ND and IBD titre, but the serum cholesterol was significantly reduced in hens fed diets contained 5% surplus date. This study suggested that the surplus date may be used up to 5% in the diet of laying hens to reduce blood cholesterol without any significant adverse effect on performance.
Using Simulation to Explore Trust Lifecycle Issues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Simulation is a vital tool in research methods for investigating lifecycle issues in critical application areas, such as scenarios involving trust. Our trust model is premised on the belief that the ability to form and evolve explicit values for trust in other principals in an interaction allows autonomous computational entities to make better decisions in situations where only partial information is available. In our model we view the trust lifecycle as a three stage process: trust formation, trust evolution and trust exploitation. Our framework is based on model and will allow us to run a series of experiments, which simulate principals collaborating over time for a number of applications. For its design we investigated three trust-based application scenarios namely: agent-based file sharing, dynamic routing in ad hoc networks and agent-based meeting organiser. These applications capture a variety of trust relationships. In this paper, we start with a presentation of our initial motivation. We continue with an examination of the characteristics of our trust lifecycle model and an overview of our application scenarios. We examine in more detail the agent-based file sharing application scenario and conclude with a discussion of our experiences and remaining open issues
Hyperbolic map unravels eight regions in temperature volatility regionalization of Mainland China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Abrupt temperature volatility has detrimental effects on daily activities, macroeconomic growth, and human health. Predicting abrupt temperature volatility and thus diminishing its negative impacts can be achieved by exploring homogeneous regions of temperature volatility and analyzing the driving factors. To investigate the regionalization of temperature volatility in Mainland China, a network constructed by the cosine similarity of temperature volatility series from Mainland China was embedded in hyperbolic space. Subsequently, we partitioned the network on the hyperbolic map using the critical gap method and then found eight regions in all. Ultimately, a network of communities was constructed while the interaction among communities was quantified. This yields a perspective of temperature volatility regionalization that can accurately reflect factors including altitude, climate type, and the geographic location of mountains. Further analysis demonstrates that the regionalization in the hyperbolic map is distinct from provinces and has a realistic basis: communities in southwest China show strong correlations due to the temperature sensitivity to altitude, and communities in northern China show a convergence in the area of Dingxi, Gansu, mainly owing to the strong temperature sensitivity to climate types. As a consequence, node distributions and community divisions in the hyperbolic map can offer new insights into the regionalization of temperature volatility in Mainland China. The results demonstrate the potential of hyperbolic embedding of complex networks in forecasting future node associations in real-world data.
Recontextualization of Translanguaging in the Context of Mandarin Language Teaching in Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Translanguaging is interpreted as one of the pedagogical strategies for learning foreign languages in a multilingual context where there is the use of several languages for receptive and productive purposes. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of teachers of Mandarin as a Second Language regarding translanguaging (cross-language) approaches in classroom learning. This research method is qualitative research with a foreign language applied linguistic approach. The research data comes from the Focused Discussion Group as the main data source and the Google Form questionnaire as a supporting data source. The FGD was conducted with 12 lecturers at a private university that has a Chinese Language study program. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively according to the results of the FGD. The results of the FGD stated that most of the teachers gave a positive response to translanguaging and that there was the implementation of translanguaging in the classroom by the teachers in a flexible way with a variety of language choices. Translanguaging often occurs when dealing with students with low linguistic abilities where the lecturer uses a language other than the target language when explaining vocabulary, terms and proverbs as well as when giving examples, this reflects the main purpose of implementing translanguaging for most informants is to increase and deepen understanding students on the material. Through this research process, it can be concluded that in the Mandarin pedagogical context, teachers tend to provide tolerance and flexibility for the existence of translanguaging.
Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Influence of Early Management on Results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and six patients were operated upon for acute type A aortic dissection in 7 years between February 1992 and May 1999. There were 102 males and 4 females, aged 18 to 83 years with a mean of 59 ± 14 years. All patients underwent surgery within 14 hours of diagnosis. The ascending aorta was replaced with a Dacron graft in 103 patients; in the other 3 cases, the repair extended to the aortic arch. The aortic valve was preserved by resuspension in all except 4 patients, 3 of whom had Marfan's syndrome. There were 9 (8.5%) deaths, all due to respiratory and multiorgan failure. Nine patients (8.5%) needed hemodialysis; only one of these required permanent dialysis. Ten patients (9.4%) had transient neurological disorders, 2 others (1.9%) suffered permanent hemiplegia. Three patients (2.8%) underwent reoperation for bleeding. Tracheostomy for prolonged respiratory assistance was required in 6 patients (5.7%), of whom 1 died from respiratory failure. Early surgical intervention could be performed with low morbidity and mortality.
A Low Power Tunable Delay Element Suitable for Asynchronous Delays of Burst Information

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A low-energy delay element based on a thyristor-like circuit is proposed that is suitable for concatenation in dense arrays in order to delay narrowly spaced burst timing information with accompanying data bits. Handshaking is built into the cell to ensure no information is lost. There is no static power dissipation aside from leakage and the energy consumption is not a function of the achieved delay. A design fabricated in a UMC 90 nm CMOS process has delays from 5 ns to 1 mus, as tuned through an analog input port, require an energy consumption of 50 fJ/delay event with a supply voltage of 1 V.
Structural study of sesquiterpene cyclases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC) is isolated from several plant tissues including pears and apples, and regm•ded as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene, a plant ho1mone that affects diverse growing and developmental processes, including fruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence, and stress responses.ACC is the simplest compound in which amino m1d carboxyl groups bind to cyclopropane ling directly.The enzyme ACC deaminase catalizes opening of this ring to give aketobutyrate.ACC deaminase from a yeast Hansenula saturnus has been crystallized by a hanging-drop vapour diffusion method.T]1e diffraction data from native crystal has been collected to 4.0 A resolution with Rmerge=ll.3%(82.1% of expected reflections) on a Weissenberg camera using synchrotron radiation at Photon Factory (KEK,Japan).The crystals belong to C222I space group with cell dimensions of a=276.7,b=66.l and c=l87.1 A. Assuming two dimers of an estimated moleculm• weight of 69,000 per asymmetric unit.Vm was calculated to be 3.0},.3/Daand solvent volume fraction was 58 %.Assuming three dimers per asymmetlic unit.Vm was calculated to be 2.0A3/Da and solvent volume fraction was 38%.Diffraction data set ofPHMBS de1ivatives was collected to 4.0A resolution with Rmerge=l2.8%(89.0% of expected reflections).From difference Patterson and anomalous difference Patterson maps of PHMBS derivative, we could find heavy atom peaks.Phasing and a sem•ching for further heavy-atom derivatives for multiple isomorphous replacement method are now in progress.
Saudi Arabia and the Arab–Israeli Conflict in the Last Years of the Bush Presidency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. ‘Saudi King Says He'll Convene Interfaith Conference with Jews’, Jerusalem Post, 25 March 2008. 2. ‘King Abdullah Addresses a Conference on Religious Tolerance’, Asharq al-Awsat, 13 November 2008. 3. ‘Peres at UN Forum: Dream of Peace Did Not Die with Rabin’, Jerusalem Post, 13 November 2008. 4. Shlomo Shamir, ‘Peres: Arab Peace Paln—A Serious Opening for Real Progress’, Ha'aretz, 13 November 2008. 5. Hermann Frederick Eilts, ‘Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy’, in L. Carl Brown (ed.), Diplomacy in the Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers, London, 2001, pp. 219–244. 6. The text of the plan is available online at http://www.kingfahdbinabdulaziz.com/main/1500.htm (accessed 20 December 2006). 7. Serge Schmemann, ‘A Saudi Peace Idea, Suddenly in the Spotlight’, New York Times, 3 March 2002. 8. Aluf Benn, ‘Official Government Response: Saudi Plan Endangers Israel's Security’, Ha'aretz, 3 March 2002. 9. For more information see Gwenn Okruhlik, ‘Saudi Arabian–Iranian Relations: External Rapprochement and Internal Consolidation’, Middle East Policy, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Summer 2003), pp. 113–125; and Gawdat Bahgat, ‘Iranian–Saudi Rapprochement: Prospects and Implications’, World Affairs, Vol. 162, No. 3 (Winter 2000), pp. 108–115. 10. Faiza Saleh Ambah, ‘Many Arabs Applaud Hezbollah’, Washington Post, 30 July 2006. 11. Institute of International Finance, Economic Report: Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, available online at http://www.iif.com (accessed 20 January 2008). 12. Steffen Hertog, ‘The GCC and Arab Economic Integration: A New Paradigm’, Middle East Policy, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Spring 2007), pp. 52–69, p. 60. 13. Claims of this meeting were widely reported in the Israeli media. See Shmuel Rosner and Aluf Benn, ‘A Time for Peace?’, Ha'aretz, 6 October 2006; and ‘Editorial: Talking with the Saudis’, Jerusalem Post, 27 September 2006. 14. Hassan M. Fattah, ‘Heads of Arab States Prod Israel to Embrace Peace Offer’, New York Times, 30 March 2007. 15. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israeli Statement on the Arab Summit in Riyadh, available online at http://www.mfa.gov.il (accessed 30 March 2007). 16. Herb Keinon, ‘Arab League Drops Conditions on Talks in Israel’, Jerusalem Post, 11 May 2007. 17. Andrew Higgins, ‘As US Puts Pressure on Iran, Gulf's Religious Rift Spreads’, Wall Street Journal, 26 February 2007. 18. Roula Khalaf, ‘Sunni Arab States Wary of Iran's Role’, Financial Times, 29 November 2006. 19. Brom Shlomo, ‘The Road from Annapolis’, Strategic Assessment, Vol. 10, No. 3 (December 2007), pp. 24–26. 20. Glenn Kessler, ‘No Mideast Deal under Bush, White House Says’, Washington Post, 7 November 2008. 21. Uzi Mahnaimi and Sarah Baxter, ‘Barack Obama Links Israel Peace Plan to 1967 Borders Deal’, Times, 16 November 2008. 22. Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski, ‘Middle East Priorities for Jan. 21’, Washington Post, 21 November 2008.
Morphological-anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of needles with different ages on vege-tative and reproductive branches of Pinus koraiensis trees.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We compared the differences of morphological, anatomical structure and photosynthetic performance of the current-year and one-year-old needles on reproductive and vegetative branches of 40-year-old Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) trees under full light during the fruiting period of June, July and August. We further analyzed the correlation between various needle indexes of different branch type and needle ages. The results showed that, except stomatal density, needle width and central cylinder area, the other morphological, anatomical structure indexes and moisture content of current-year needles showed significant differences among different months, while the variables of one-year-old needles showed no difference across months. The length of current-year needles in July and August was significantly greater than that in June by 91.0%-110.1% and 122.2%-131.5%, respectively, while the speci-fic needle area was significantly lower by 32.8%-40.9% and 44.8%-52.5%, respectively. The xylem area was significantly higher by 47.3%-70.8% and 75.9%-105.7%, and the phloem area was significantly higher by 29.2%-30.0% and 64.3%-73.2%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of current-year and one-year-old needles showed opposite trend across different months, with the Pn of current-year needles in July and August was 17.1%-39.8% and 40.3%-51.5% higher compared to June, while the Pn of one-year-old needles in July and August decreased by 40.1%-56.9% and 45.2%-46.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in length and Pn of needles between reproductive and vegetative branches. The current-year needle length on reproductive branches in June and July was significantly shorter than those on vegetative branches by 16.4% and 28.1%. The Pn of current-year and one-year-old needles on reproductive branches was significantly lower than those on vegetative branches by 23.1% and 20.4%, respectively. Capture efficiency of excitation energy in PSⅡ reaction center (Fv'/Fm') and Pn of current-year needle on reproductive and vegetative branches, as well as the intercellular CO2 concentration of current-year needles on vegetative branch were closely correlated with other morphological and anato-mical structure indices, except for stomatal density, while one-year-old needles showed weak correlations. Needle age was the primary factor causing differences in morphological and anatomical structures and photosynthetic performance indices of needles, while branch type only significantly affected needle length and Pn.
Screening of anti-M2 mitochondrial antibody in elderly population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum anti-M2 mitochondrial antibody (AMA-M2) was screened with immune colloidal gold technique in 6 008 individuals aged over 60 years who underwent health check-up in Xuhui District of Shanghai, the positive samples were retested with ELISA method. The results showed that 1.31%(79/6 008) individuals were AMA-M2 positive; the positive rate was 0.82% (18/2 186) in males and 1.60% (61/3 822) in females. Eleven subjects with positive AMA-M2 underwent further investigation, 8 cases were diagnosed as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and the remaining 3 were highly suspected as PBC. All 11 individuals were abnormal in biochemical tests of liver function and/or clinical symptoms.

Key words:
Liver cirrhosis, biliary; Mass screening
Memory for Problem Solving: Comparative Studies in Attention, Working and Long-term Memory

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Living in a complex and dynamically changing environment requires accurate and timely behavioural responses that allow for adapting to such changes. Well-developed perceptual systems provide a continuous flow of abundant and up-to-date information on the changes in the environment, and, thereby, allow for tailoring behavioural responses accordingly. However, issuing any behavioral response would not be possible, if it was not for information processing capacities that link one’s perception and action. Because the information processing capacities of humans and non-human animals are always limited, the available information must be sorted, selected and prioritised at all steps of information processing.The steps of information processing have different names, corresponding to their function. The processes, that support attending to and acquiring the information, belong to attention. The processes, that support working on the acquired input from the environment and comparing it with the information acquired in the past, belong to working memory. And finally, the processes, that supply and update the information acquired in the past for the use in the long term, belong to long-term memory. Attention, working and long-term memory work in concert to harness the flow of information, and to support rapid and flexible adaptation to the changes in the environment. This thesis comprises four empirical papers, in which some aspects of attention, working and long-term memory are compared across five species: the common raven (Corvus corax), the Goffin’s cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana), the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the human (Homo sapiens sapiens). In the first two studies, chimpanzees, an orangutan, and Goffin’s cockatoos are tested in a novel experimental setup that allows for measuring long-term memory flexibility. Arguably, such flexibility allows for drawing on overlapping past experiences to solve novel problems, even when these experiences conflict with one another. The results suggest that great apes and at least some Goffin’s cockatoos can overcome such conflicts and rely on less salient yet relevant rather than more salient yet irrelevant features of overlapping experiences. In the third study, ravens and humans are tested in a series of novel working memory tasks, completed individually or with a competing partner. Ravens perform better in the social than in the individual tasks, while the opposite is true for humans. Interestingly, ravens seem to handle the increasing difficulty of the task by keeping a steady success rate, perhaps revealing a flexible adaptation to varying demands on working memory in ecological conditions. In the fourth and final study, ravens and humans are tested in another experimental setup, which requires attending to a series of objects. Ravens’ gazes to the objects are half as short as humans’, suggesting a higher speed of perception, and perhaps of cognitive processing.
Reorganization of corporate groups in Brazil: Substantive consolidation and the limited liability tale

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article analyses the use of substantive consolidation in view of the meaning of limited liability in Brazil and explores the proposition that such a solution to corporate distress should only exceptionally be imposed on creditors. In light of Brazilian corporate law, a court should only order substantive consolidation if continuous dishonest use of legal personality had occurred before the debtors filed for reorganization. The author further questions if such a proposition is adequate or if substantive consolidation must gain new colors in a corporate system such as the Brazilian one, in which (a) ex ante the legal system does not sustain limitation of liability of the business corporation in face of a wide number of claims, and (b) group entities are frequently not managed as separate and independent companies. The author concludes by reaffirming the importance of using substantive consolidation more strictly, rather than as a one‐size‐fits‐all solution.
Evaluation of Insecticidal and Anti-oxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Methanolic extracts of some selected medicinal plants, Arnica montana, Apis mellifica, Uva ursi, Urtica urens, Digitalis purpurae, Cicuta virosa, Sambucus nigra and Thuja occidentalis were evaluated for their insecticidal (on the stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum) and antioxidant activity. Permetherin was used as a reference standard for insecticidal activity and percentage mortality was found 100% at 100mg/2ml. All crude extracts exhibited concentration and time dependent insecticidal activity. Among all extracts Digitalis purpurae exhibited the highest percentage mortality (60%). Anti-oxidant activity of theses extracts were determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity and phosphomolybdate methods while using ascorbic acid as a reference standard. Significant anti-oxidant activities were revealed by U. ursi at 100 mg/ml concentration (96% DPPH scavenging activity and 91.85% total anti-oxidant activity) and D. purpurae 1 mg/ml (94.25% DPPH scavenging activity and 92.28% total anti-oxidant activity);followed by, T. occidentalis, A. mellifica, U. urens C. virosa, S. nigra and A. montana in the descending series.
Representation of disability in the media: A review of Kenyan newspaper reports of 2015-2016

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Throughout history many societies have dealt poorly with disability. In Kenya, persons who have different types of disabling conditions have been excluded or isolated from mainstream society and denied opportunities due to a belief that they may be dangerous and not capable of participating in any meaningful activities. They are denied access to opportunities due to lack of knowledge and cultural beliefs. Even with Kenya having signed and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and included these rights in the Constitution in 2010, many cases of injustices continue to pop up in the media. This study was a review of newspaper articles for the year 2015 and 2016 on representation of {dis}ability in two Kenyan newspapers - The Standard and the Daily Nation. In the study, existence of negative attitudes, violence, sexual harassment, limited financial support and weak policies were noted. Isolation from society leading to stigmatization was also noted to occur thus making it is hard for people living with a disability to learn daily living skills and integrate in society. Finally, implementation of policies that provide for access to opportunities by those with disabilities at County level of government continues to slow full implementation of policies on disability.