jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association between antinuclear antibodies (ANA) patterns and extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) in HEp-2 cells in patients with autoimmune diseases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are instrumental biomarkers crucial in the detection of autoimmune disorders (AID) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren syndrome, etc.. In the present study, an assessment of the most frequent ANA patterns associated with most detectable ENA that could be used as efficient prognostic markers in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases was conducted. Data was retrospectively analyzed from AID patients, retrieved from the medical records of King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA, from January 2016 to October 2018 who underwent ANA immunofluorescence of HEp-2 cells and their ENA detection was studied. Of the 453 total patients, 39/55 AID males (71%) and 332/398 AID females (83.4%) exhibited ANA positivity. The most common pattern was speckled S-ANA (32.4%) in females and homogenous H-ANA pattern (25.4%) in males. The histones were found at higher frequency in different ANA patterns. anti-Sjogren syndrome related antigen A (SSA), anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody (RNP-Sm), and histones were observed to be associated with homogenous and speckled nuclear patterns. Frequencies of ENA in all ANA patterns were found significant at p < 0.05 in males and p < 0.001 in females. Spearman's rank correlation of ENA within and among the ANA patterns was non-significant. SSA was significantly correlated with RNP-Sm and Sm at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. The extractable nuclear antigens SSA, RNP-Sm, and histones were found associated with the S-ANA and H-ANA patterns. These correlations are of relevance for the accurate diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.
Gender issues in housing delivery in the Free State since 1994

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although policies have become far more gender-sensitive there is still no guarantee that females and males have ‘comparatively speaking’ the same access to housing opportunities. In South Africa (specifically the Free State), although the housing policy has no discriminatory clauses it does not necessarily impact positively on the living conditions of women. While specific attempts are being made to increase the role played by women in the construction of houses, the power dynamic is overwhelming against women. More attention needs to be paid to understanding gender issues and effectively integrating their implications into policy.
Learning complex historical knowledge at high school: The role of working memory (*)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Learning History implies the acquisition of historical and social concepts, analyzing its mutual relationships in the explanation of historical change. The comprehension of Industrial Revolution in England requires the use of at least four main concepts: Agrarian Revolution, Demographic Increase, Technological Innovations and the need of Accumulated Capital. The understanding of these concepts and the establishment of its relationships is a quite demanding cognitive task. Therefore, the crucial role of working memory in these cognitive processes is hypothesized. This paper presents a study on the teaching and learning of this subject matter by first-grade of high school subjects. The main objective of this study was to analyze the process of understanding and acquisition of this complex subject, testing the influence of three variables: working memory capacity, prior knowledge and attitude for meaningful learning. Pretest examined subject's knowledge of some basic concepts and their ability to describe and explain the phenomenon, as well as to summarize and comment a text and to represent their knowledge by means of a concept map. Differences in working memory capacity were controlled by means of the reading span test. Finally, subject's attitude for meaningful learning was tested on line using an observation record. Teaching was developed during 6 classes following the usual scheme and methodology focused on reaching a gradual and overall understanding of the phenomenon. Learning results were checked in a post-test where we used the same test than before. There was a highly significant increase in all the post-test measures. Students with higher reading span learnt more and better than students with lower reading span. Therefore, working memory seems to play a crucial role when our subjects are building up historical knowledge as to Industrial Revolution. The significant correlation between knowledge in pretest and post-test showed that pretest scores are a quite good predictor of post-test ones, as all the cognitive theories held. As to the attitude, its high correlation with both knowledge measures (pre and post-test) bears out our prediction about the relevant role of this variable. Finally the analysis of subjects concept maps in pretest and post-test confirmed an improvement on subjects' organization of knowledge, increasing its levels of depth and connectivity.
Strategi Menghafal Al-Qur’an Terhadap Keberhasilan Penghafal Al-Qur’an

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of carrying out this research is to find out the strategy for memorizing the Al-Qur'an by alumni of the Amanatul Ummah Islamic boarding school quickly in completing memorizing 30 juz. The phenomenological qualitative research method is the research method used in this research, the data collection method uses the interview method. Interviews were conducted with alumni who are also memorizers of the Al-Qur'an at the Amanatul Ummah Pacet Islamic Boarding School. The results of this research show that the success of memorizing the Al-Qur'an cannot be separated from the process of memorizing the Al-Qur'an. Every memorizer of the Qur'an or resource person must have different strategies and methods. They struggle to be able to complete memorizing up to 30 juz (khatam). Many of the alumni completed memorizing the Al-Qur'an when they were in grade 12. Until now, they are trying to maintain their memorization. Not only memorizing, they also maintain the memorization that has been memorized by murajaah or repeating the memorized verses until they are fluent and not easily lost. Apart from memorizing and murajaah, the way to ensure that memorization is not lost is to take care not to commit sins, for example, such as dating someone of the opposite gender.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 2590 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "TaxonKey is Allotropa Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray" ] } The dataset includes 2590 records from 74 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021536-240626123714530/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Novel stereoselective alkenyl–aryl coupling via nickel-catalysed reaction of alkenylanes with aryl halides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

trans-Alkenylalanes, readily obtainable via hydroaluminiation of acetylenes, react readily with aryl bromides and iodides in the presence of catalytic amounts of nickel complexes, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)- nickel, to produce arylated alkenes in high yields, the stereochemistry of the products being >99%trans.
A Comparative Modeling Study of Gas Turbine Using Adaptive Neural Network, Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous, and Fuzzy Logic Approaches for Modeling and Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on the identification and modeling of gas turbine dynamics, specifically those used in power generation plants. The approach utilizes experimental data and employs fuzzy reasoning systems. The resulting model serves the purpose of approximating nonlinear gas turbine systems and ensuring reliable system control. By incorporating uncertainties associated with human reasoning, such as fuzzy systems based on Takagi-Sugeno reasoning, it is possible to achieve highly reliable control systems. The primary objective of this work is to develop an effective monitoring system by employing nonlinear identification techniques, namely fuzzy systems and neuro-fuzzy systems, based on real-time on-site experimental data. Additionally, the proposed identification approaches are evaluated through a comparative study, where the results obtained using the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous neural network (NARAX-NN Modeling) technique are compared with those obtained using the ANFIS approach. The obtained results further facilitate the comprehension and analysis of the nonlinearities present in these complex systems, ultimately aiding in the prediction of their dynamic behavior.
Experimental Study on the Primary Conversion Performance of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter Using a Double Slit Breakwater

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the most abundant sources of energy that exists in this world is ocean wave energy. The combination of an Oscillating Water Column type wave energy converter that converts wave energy into electrical energy through the up and down motion of external waves and a Double Slit breakwater with coastal protection functions is expected to reduce the cost of the system. In this study, the air pressure change of the Oscillating Water Column wave energy converter, the water surface fluctuation in the air chamber, and the efficiency of converting wave power to air power by regular waves with different wave heights, wave periods, and two different nozzle ratios were clarified using the oscillating water column wave energy converter installed in a Double slit breakwater. This experiment was conducted at the Hydraulic Laboratory of Ashikaga University using a physical model and the wave tank testing. The results showed that when the air chamber was placed in front of a double-slit breakwater, the efficiency occurred at short and long periods, but decreased at a certain period. Good efficiency was also obtained when the nozzle ratio was about 1/75.
Role of the JAK-STAT pathway in PDGF-stimulated proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Airway remodeling, as manifested by an increase in airway smooth muscle mass, mucous gland hyperplasia, and subepithelial fibrosis, contributes to the airway hyperresponsiveness and fixed obstruction seen in some asthmatic patients. Here we investigated whether the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway contributes to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated mitogenesis of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC). PDGF treatment of quiescent HASMC resulted in the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding of STAT1 and STAT3. This phosphorylation was blocked by inhibition of Src and JAK2 kinases. In addition, STAT activation by PDGF was found to be redox dependent. Moreover, PDGF-induced thymidine uptake was completely blocked by pretreatment of HASMC with the STAT kinase inhibitors AG-490, SU-6656, and PP2. Interestingly, the JAK pathway was required for HASMC mitogenesis independently of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Inhibition of the Src and JAK kinases blocked PDGF-stimulated gene expression of the STAT target genes cyclin D1 and c- myc. These results indicate that the JAK-STAT pathway contributes to PDGF-induced mitogenesis, and thus this pathway may be important in the airway remodeling seen in some asthmatic patients.
A Tunable Metasurface with Switchable Functionalities: From Perfect Transparency to Perfect Absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A thin screen exhibiting dynamically switchable transmission/absorption functionalities is highly desired in practice. However, a trilayer transmissive metasurface with active elements controlled in a uniform manner cannot exhibit independently controlled transmission and absorption properties due to intriguing interplays between the scattering and absorbing properties in systems exhibiting inversion symmetries. This motivates to employ the coupled‐mode theory to establish a generic phase diagram for such transmissive metasurfaces with active elements loaded in different layers tuned independently and to guide researchers design tunable metadevices with completely decoupled transmission/absorption responses. Based on such a phase diagram, a microwave metasurface is designed/fabricated with PIN diodes incorporated, and it is experimentally demonstrated that its functionality can switch from perfect transparency to perfect absorption, controlled by external voltages applied across the diodes. In addition to finding immediate applications in practice (e.g., smart radomes), the results of this study also provide a new type of tunable meta‐atom for building metasurfaces with flexible wave‐front control abilities.
The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services.
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr530 Functionally important structural elements of

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

U12 snRNA is analogous to U2 snRNA of the U2-dependent spliceosome and is essential for the splicing of U12-dependent introns in metazoan cells. The essential region of U12 snRNA, which base pairs to the branch site of minor class introns is well characterized. However, other regions which are outside of the branch site base pairing region are not yet characterized and the requirement of these structures in U12-dependent splicing is not clear. U12 snRNA is predicted to form an intricate secondary structure containing several stem–loops and single-stranded regions. Using a previously characterized branch site genetic suppression assay, we generated second-site mutations in the suppressor U12 snRNA to investigate the in vivo requirement of structural elements in U12-dependent splicing. Our results show that stem–loop IIa is essential and required for in vivo splicing. Interestingly, an evolutionarily conserved stem– loop IIb is dispensable for splicing. We also show that stem–loop III, which binds to a p65 RNA binding protein of the U11-U12 di.snRNP complex, is essential for in vivo splicing. The data validate the existence of proposed stem–loops of U12 snRNA and provide experimental support for individual secondary structures.
How the EPA Promotes Economic Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Discussions of the effect of international trade on development date back to the mercantilist's writings of the seventeenth century,1 which focused on the effects of a surplus (deficit) in the trade account.2 Later, Adam Smith's advocacy of free trade was aimed at facilitating the maximum accumulation of capital,3 but the first cogent theory of international trade was produced by Ricardo4 in 1817. During the 1950s and 1960s, the virtues of international trade for economic development were extolled by Viner,5 Harberler,6 and Craincross,7 but elicited vigorous criticism from several perspectives. It was claimed that the history of the now developed countries was a vindication of free trade policies with the experience of Britain,8 Italy,9 and the United States10 in the nineteenth century cited as evidence. The experience of developing countries contrasted with the predictions, prompting different explanations. Nurske11 pointed to the lagging demand for primary products and the enclave nature of export industries was also put forward.12 By far the most telling comments highlighted the deteriorating terms of trade between manufactured goods and primary products. Prebisch13 and Singer14 identified the problem of developing country trade as inherent in the structure of the world capitalist system, the international division of labor, and the deformed economic structure of developing countries. The developed/industrialized countries, which form the core, export manufactured goods, while the developing countries export primary products from the periphery.KeywordsTrade AgreementTrade LiberalizationMarket AccessFree Trade AgreementPolicy SpaceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The plastic frontier - the navigation and fabrication of identity and heritage through surfing, kitsch, ritual, myth making and semiotics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Enter the fantastic plastic sacred realm, a seductive, buoyant and subversive devotional space surrounded by mythological creatures, forms and images; a cultural shrine loaded with a bounty of recontextualised symbolic incarnations. Ritual objects, and the identity markers of surfing, suburbia and colonial impressions, are harmoniously arranged in an immersive diorama, highlighting the mercurial nature of Australian identity. Urban sprawlers frolic at the threshold where land meets sea and embrace a liminal terrain full of potential for fresh renderings of heritage and history. Imperialistic notions of a youthful nation full of potential manifest themselves in images of fun in the sun while concrete aborigines defiantly stand guard on the lawns of suburban homes. Such forms of iconography or Australiana and their contemporary variants or counterpoints are ripe for glazing with postmodern irony; with new value to be found in their genesis. Experience the manifestation of desires projected through the lens of rose coloured shades onto the culturally mutable landscape of terra incognita. As the understood birthplace of surfing, Hawaii and the islands of the Pacific rim, provide surfers with a deep sense of heritage, history and tradition. This combined with Australia s close geographical proximity and island status afford us perhaps some form of cultural cohesion. Artifacts and motifs have been transplanted and commodified to suit Western impressions of the exotic other and absorbed into surfing s visual language. The identity constructing forms of surf culture are continually mutating and transforming through social, commercial and environmental influences. The symbolic tokens of a surfing life are now served up on the smorgasbord of styles for identity shoppers the world over. Within The Plastic Frontier kitsch objects, and patterns from the suburbs collide with ritual devices and patterns of surf culture, resulting in a hybridised conception of cultural identity. Thematically pertinent materials and processes provide meaning and context through aesthetic, physical and conceptual means. Strands of metaphor become interlaced creating junctures and points of overlap that allow the cultivation of layered and multi faceted meanings.
The Role of Social Security Schemes in Reducing Poverty and Inequality: A Comparative Study in Southeast Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: For countries and international organizations, the global problem of ending extreme poverty and reducing inequality is still very important. Even with strong economic growth and attempts to reduce poverty, a significant proportion of the world's population faces extreme financial difficulty.Objectives: This study evaluates Southeast Asian nations' social security systems—Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines—and contrasts their results with those of India. Its objective is to assess the effects of different social security programs—such as healthcare coverage, job benefits, and pension systems—on reducing poverty, reducing malnutrition, and enhancing educational opportunities.Methods: Using a quantitative analysis approach, this study examines the efficacy of social security programs from 2014 to 2024 using secondary data from government papers and international organizations.Results: The results show that different countries have had different levels of success in raising socioeconomic indices. The analysis shows the successes and difficulties in using tailored social security measures to combat poverty and inequality.Conclusions: Compared to India, the study highlights the differences in the results of social security schemes in Southeast Asia. It offers important lessons for bettering policy by illuminating the advantages and disadvantages of these initiatives in reducing severe poverty and inequality
What qualities can make TRPG more appealing to new players?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>Tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs) have more than 40 years of history and have achieved far-reaching influence, especially in countries where English is the primary language. However, even though many new games appear every year, TRPGs still does not occupy a dominant position in the game market. Most gamers prefer video games and board games to TRPG. The aim of this project is to use qualitative analysis to investigate which parts of TRPG design prohibit players from engaging with TRPGs and then to create a novel TRPG that addresses these design problems. This project will combine newly formulated design elements into a game designed to attract new players and ensure that player engagement is sustained in subsequent play. The project focuses on the example of China, where many people play video games and board games, but few know about or play TRPGs. Therefore, this research will mainly study the gaming behaviour and feedback of Chinese participants to study what methods can attract Chinese players to TRPGs.</p>
Analysis of the Fuzzy Fractional‐Order Solitary Wave Solutions for the KdV Equation in the Sense of Caputo‐Fabrizio Derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we construct a system for analysis of an analytic solution of fractional fuzzy solitary wave solutions for the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation. We apply the iterative method and the Laplace transform under the fractional Caputo‐Fabrizio operator. The obtained series form the solution was calculated and approached the estimate values of the proposed problems. The upper and lower portions of the fuzzy result in all three problems were simulation applying two different fractional order among zero and one. The fractional operator is nonsingular and global since the exponential function is present. It provides all types of fuzzy results occurring among zero and one at any fractional order because its dynamic behaviour is globalised of the suggested problems. Because the fuzzy number provides the result in a fuzzy form, with lower and upper branches, fuzziness is also incorporated in the unknown quantity.
Economies of Size in Wheat Production

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the relationship between the cost of producing wheat and the size of the wheat enterprise on farms in the Boolooroo Shire of New South Wales. The impact of seasonal variation and new technology on the cost/size relationship is also examined. The estimated longrun cost functions suggest that significant cost economies may be achieved as the area sown to wheat on a farm in the region concerned is increased to approximately 1,000 acres.