jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of γδ~+T cell and natural killed cell cytotoxic activities in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To investigate the roles of γδ+T cell and NK cell activities in the development of endometriosis. Methods The phenotypes and activities of γδ+ T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis were studied by immunofluorescence assay and cytotoxicity assay. Result Percentage of γδ+ T cells in peritoneal fluid of the patients was higher than that in peripheral blood of the patients and in control. The activities of γδ+ T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of the patients were lower than those in peripheral blood and in control. The peritoneal fluid of the patients could decrease activities of γδ+T cells and NK cells in healthy.Conclusion Activities of γδ+ T cells and NK cells are low state, suggesting that there is suppressive factor directed at these cells in peritoneal fluid of the patients.
[International air rescue].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The medical history of 1468 patients of German Air Rescue in 1993 has been investigated with regard to indications and rules which are used for the repatriation of sick or injured persons from abroad by aircraft. Decisions for repatriation should be made according to objective standardized criteria. The combination of the American Advisory Committee for Aeronautics rules with social components are suitable for this. In 2/3 of the patients, the indications are a mixture of medical and social components. The cost of the transportation are very high in many cases. The start of an action to fly home is determined also by the insuring body. As a result of this, the patient's influence is small. It is necessary to be a member of a rescue organisation for unproblematical repatriation.
The strong renewal theorem with infinite mean via local large deviations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A necessary and sufficient condition is established for an asymptotically stable renewal process to satisfy the strong renewal theorem. This result is valid for all alpha in (0, 1), thus completing a result for alpha in (1/2, 1) which was proved in the 1963 paper of Garsia and Lamperti [6]. This paper is superseded by arXiv:1612.07635.
Table S3 from Results of an Open-label, Phase 1a/b Study of Pembrolizumab plus Olaratumab in Patients with Unresectable, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Table S3: Pharmacokinetic parameters after a 60-minute IV infusion of olaratumab on Day 1 and Day 8 of Cycle 1 and Cycle 3 with pembrolizumab.</p>
Quarter Century Progress and New Horizons in Microemulsions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Microemulsions are macroscopically homogeneous mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, which on the microscopic level consist of individual domains of oil and water separated by a monolayer of amphiphile. Pioneering work by Winsor P. A., Shinoda K., and others systematized the knowledge about phase behavior of oil-water-surfactant systems. The phase behavior of a three-component system can, at fixed temperature and pressure, best be represented by a phase diagram. Microemulsions, mainly based on nonionic surfactants, have an established position in industrial cleaning of hard surfaces. In bioorganic synthesis, W/O microemulsions can be employed as "minireactors" both for condensation and for hydrolysis reactions. The presence of an oil-water interface may induce orientation of reactants in microemulsion systems, which in turn may affect the regioselectivity of organic reactions. Microemulsions have reached the state where there is rather good understanding of the basic principles involved.
Social Media Marketing of Beauty Products on Instagram Accounts @facetologyofficial

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Social media marketing is a marketing activity using social networks to persuade customers regarding the products or services being marketed. This research aims to find out the social media marketing used on the Instagram account @facetologyofficial. This research method using a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation. Analysis techniques data using social media marketing theory to answer research questions. The results of this research show that Facetology has used social marketing media by applying the 4Cs, namely context, communication, collaboration, and connection. 1.) Context, Facetology provides a consistent and uniform visual context to its Instagram feed posts. 2.) Communication, Facetology conveys information through uploading photos and videos, especially the story feature in the form of reviews product. 3.) Collaboration, Facetology works with influencers through endorsements to expand market reach and increase consumer confidence in Facetology products. 4.) Connection, Facetology successfully maintain good relationships with customers.
A posteriori error estimates with point sources in fractional sobolev spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider Poisson's equation with a finite number of weighted Dirac masses as a source term, together with its discretization by means of conforming finite elements. For the error in fractional Sobolev spaces, we propose residual‐type a posteriori estimators with a specifically tailored oscillation and show that, on two‐dimensional polygonal domains, they are reliable and locally efficient. In numerical tests, their use in an adaptive algorithm leads to optimal error decay rates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1018–1042, 2017
History and Development of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Serving as a cornerstone of dietary policy in the United States, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) provide an important foundation for understanding the programs and policies that influence public health practice. In this chapter, we review the emergence and development of the guidelines beginning with their evolution from the Dietary Goals for Americans and moving through various iterations from 1980 until the current era in 2015. Topics include concrete reporting on recommendations, evolving principles of a healthy diet, and a discussion of controversies borne by industry lobbying groups and government mandates.
Artificial Gloves For Kinesics Communication To Articulate Dysfunction Individual Using ESP 32

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dactylology is an obscure branch of linguistics that can only be practised by those who no longer can communicate verbally. This paper tries to break through the communication barrier between normally functioning persons and those with varying degrees of impairment. This paper outlines the smart glove that persons with different types of impairments may wear to communicate with those around them using hand gestures that include performing specific movements. Intelligent gloves utilize flex sensors to identify various hand motions. In addition, the actions themselves are translated into the display of the written message and the sound output. The system is equipped with an ESP 32 microcontroller and an Arduino Nano, which work together to gather an adequate number of inputs for each command and then feed that information into the algorithm. Finally, the system's results are discussed, demonstrating that it can accurately convert hand motions into text that can be read in English and audio output in that language.
Polar Versus Non-polar Local Ordering at Mobile Sites in Proteins: Slowly Relaxing\nLocal Structure Analysis of <sup>15</sup>N Relaxation in the Third\nImmunoglobulin-Binding Domain of Streptococcal Protein G

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We\ndeveloped recently the slowly relaxing local structure (SRLS)\napproach for studying restricted motions in proteins by NMR. The spatial\nrestrictions have been described by potentials comprising the traditional <i>L</i> = 2, <i>K</i> = 0, 2 spherical harmonics. However,\nthe latter are associated with non-polar ordering whereas protein-anchored\nprobes experience polar ordering, described by odd-<i>L</i> spherical harmonics. Here we extend the SRLS potential to include\nthe <i>L</i> = 1, <i>K</i> = 0, 1 spherical harmonics\nand analyze <sup>15</sup>N–<sup>1</sup>H relaxation from the\nthird immunoglobulin-binding domain of streptococcal protein G (GB3)\nwith the polar <i>L</i> = 1 potential (coefficients <i>c</i><sub>0</sub><sup>1</sup> and <i>c</i><sub>1</sub><sup>1</sup>) or the non-polar <i>L</i> = 2 potential (coefficients <i>c</i><sub>0</sub><sup>2</sup> and <i>c</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>). Strong potentials, with ⟨<i>c</i><sub>0</sub><sup>1</sup>⟩ ∼\n60 for <i>L</i> = 1 and ⟨<i>c</i><sub>0</sub><sup>2</sup>⟩ ∼\n20 for <i>L</i> = 2 (in units of <i>k</i><sub>B</sub><i>T</i>), are detected. In the α-helix of\nGB3 the coefficients of the rhombic terms are <i>c</i><sub>1</sub><sup>1</sup> ∼ <i>c</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup> ∼ 0; in the preceding (following) chain segment they are\n⟨<i>c</i><sub>1</sub><sup>1</sup>⟩ ∼ 6 for <i>L</i> =\n1 and ⟨<i>c</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>⟩ ∼ 14 for <i>L</i> = 2 (⟨<i>c</i><sub>1</sub><sup>1</sup>⟩ ∼ 3 for <i>L</i> =\n1 and ⟨<i>c</i><sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>⟩ ∼ 7 for <i>L</i> =\n2). The local diffusion rate, <i>D</i><sub>2</sub>, lies\nin the 5 × 10<sup>9</sup>–1 × 10<sup>11</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> range; it is generally larger for <i>L</i> = 1. The main ordering axis deviates moderately from the N–H\nbond. Corresponding <i>L</i> = 1 and <i>L</i> =\n2 potentials and probability density functions are illustrated for\nresidues A26 of the α-helix, Y3 of the β<sub>1</sub>-strand,\nand L12 of the β<sub>1</sub>/β<sub>2</sub> loop; they\ndiffer considerably. Polar/orientational ordering is shown to be associated\nwith GB3 binding to its cognate Fab fragment. The polarity of the\nlocal ordering is clearly an important factor.
Initial Investigations into the Synthesis and Elect rochemical Polymerization of Thiophene- Based Molecular-Imprinted Polymers for use as Benzene Sensor Electrodes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Benzene is a toxic and carcinogenic environmental pollutant that is a common product of industrial waste. Possible chemical sensors for such contaminants include molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). These are formed by the electropolymerization of monomers onto a metal surface, creating shape- and electrostatic-specific chemical pockets that attract the molecule of interest. When an electric potential is applied to the MIP in the presence of that molecule, a current is induced that correlates to pollutant concentration. The goal of this project is to synthesize and optimize an MIP that can detect and quantify benzene in natural samples. Various thiophene-based monomers containing a benzene template are being or have been synthesized, each corresponding to a separate future MIP that will differ in terms of conjugation and the size and electrostatic characteristics of the binding site. The sensitivity/selectivity of these MIPs will determine the best monomer and, ultimately, the optimal sensor design.
Disciplining differences : Christian teachers in the secular school.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores how Christian teachers experience state policies towards religion in the education institution; the ways they manage religion and their personal faith in the teaching of Character and Citizenship education (CCE). The public-private divide is an artificial construct that serves to demarcate our social world. Multiculturalism, state secularism and the notion of a ‘common space’ are ideologies and mental frameworks that ensure religion remains privatized. This paper argues against the prevalent assumption that omitting and obscuring one’s faith is a form of suppression.Teachers have a belief that such manifestations can be negative and thus they actively engage in discipline work and inadvertently, are complicit in perpetuating the religious-secular divide.
Agonistic Democracy and the Question of Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In many policies for and practices of education for democratic citizenship it is assumed that the democratic community is a community of shared democratic values. On such an account, education has the task of including “newcomers” into this community by ensuring that they adopt and internalize the common democratic values. In this chapter, I discuss the work of two authors, Chantal Mouffe and Jacques Rancière, who both have challenged this understanding of democracy and the democratic community. Both authors highlight the contested (Mouffe) and sporadic (Rancière) nature of the democratic community, thus bringing into view the work done to constitute the political community. They also highlight that this constitution does not happen before democratic politics can take place, but actually is an essential part of it. I provide a reconstruction of Mouffe’s and Rancière’s ideas and explore the implications for education.
The Economics of Competiton Between Individuals in Biological Populations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Describing biological growth where the changes in time and in the size of individuals of a biological population together with the fact that individuals compete for scarce re-sources are considered give rise to a partial integrodifferential equation. With respect to the determination of the optimal forest management regime this set up leads to a distributed optimal control problem. The paper presents a numerical technique that allows transforming the original distributed control problem into an ordinary control problem. In contrast to the previous literature this procedure does not require to program complex numerical algorithms but can be implemented by standard optimization software. In an empirical study the opti-mal selective logging regime is compared with the optimal clear cutting regime for the case of the Scots Pine (pinus sylvestris). Key words: distributed optimal control; forest management; partial differential equations;
Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 protects mice against acute kidney injury through inhibition of ER stress

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is defined as a rapid decline of renal function, becomes common and recently recognized to be closely intertwined with chronic kidney diseases. Current treatment for AKI is largely supportive, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a novel mediator of AKI. Since carbon monoxide attenuates ER stress, the objective of the present study aimed to determine the protective effect of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM2) on AKI associated with ER stress. Kidney injury was induced after LPS (15 mg/kg) treatment at 12 to 24 h in C57BL/6J mice. Pretreatment of CORM2 (30 mg/kg) effectively prevented LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation during AKI in mice. CORM2 treatment also effectively inhibited LPS-induced ER stress in AKI mice. In order to confirm effect of CO on the pathophysiological role of tubular epithelial cells in AKI, we used mProx24 cells. Pretreatment of CORM2 attenuated LPS-induced ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mProx24 cells. These data suggest that CO therapy may prevent ER stress-mediated AKI.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIALISED TAPE MEASURE TO ESTIMATE THE SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The risk in computed tomography (CT) examinations is radiation exposure. We aimed to develop a specialised tape measure for determining the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) for patients undergoing CT scans. The scanning parameters used were those of the abdominal protocol in our institute. With this method, the SSDE220 and standard deviations obtained from CT images for the liver, pelvic and lung areas, corresponded closely to the SSDEtape and standard deviations obtained using the tape measure. We thus devised a new idea that allows the estimation of the SSDE220 using a specialised tape measure before the CT examination, allowing for an informed explanation of the radiation dose to the patient. Although the tape measure developed in this study is specific to one particular CT instrument, the method could be adapted to a wide range of radiography applications.
A Shape-matching Cropping Index (CI) Mapping Method to Determine Agricultural Cropland Intensities in China using MODIS Time-series Data

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As an important indicator of cropping intensity, Cropping Index (CI) is defined as the number of peaks in the Vegetation Index (VI) time-series curve in a year. The existing CI mapping algorithms (e.g., the cross-fitting and the second order difference algorithm) are vulnerable to noise contained in the VI time series and need a priori knowledge and some extra constraints which could not be directly derived from the VI time-series data. In this paper, a shape-matching method is developed which can map CI directly from the preprocessed VI time-series data without the de-noising processes. This shape-matching method utilizes a decision-making process to find out the true peaks in the VI time-series curve based on a rank order mathematical morphology algorithm. The processing procedure involves five steps: (a) determination of the temporal moving window size, (b) detection of local maximum/minimum points, (c) exclusion of false maximum/minimum points, (d) determination of the threshold for the minimum growth amplitude, and (e) mapping of CI. This shape-matching method only needs two input parameters, the temporal moving window size and the threshold for the minimum growth amplitude, which can be both directly derived from the VI time-series data with some selected test pixels. Moreover, the response of the shape-matching method is relatively insensitive to the exact values of its design parameters, making it more flexible and effective in adapting to other regions. This new method is applied to map the CIs in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2010, based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time-series data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product. The overall CI mapping accuracy for the shape-matching method is 80 percent, which is much higher than the CI mapping accuracy of 60 percent for the second order difference algorithm. This shape-matching method can be further applied to other regions with a grid-search for its optimal parameters using some test pixels.
Aerobic and glycolytic metabolism in arm exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eight kayakers (K) and 3 sedentary subjects (S) performed arm cranking and pedaling while erect or supine at each of several work loads from submaximal to the highest they could sustain for 2 min and for intervals varying from 10 s to 5 min. From measurements of VO2 and blood lactate concentration, the aerobic and glycolytic energy release in arm work was assessed. For steady-state aerobic work all subjects had a mechanical efficiency averaging 0.24 independent of posture or exercise mode. Per unit fat-free limb volume, arm VO2max of group K was 1.5-fold that of group S, whereas leg VO2max was the same in each group. Compared to group S, glycolytic arm work in group K was characterized by: 1) higher thresholds for release of lactate at the onset of submaximal work, 2) lower blood lactate concentrations during comparable absolute or relative submaximal work, 3) higher conventional anaerobic thresholds for absolute, but not relative work loads, 4) higher maximal rates of lactate release, and 5) the same maximal blood lactate concentrations. Measurement of the early lactate threshold, which occurred at considerably lower arm work loads than did anaerobic threshold, but which was greatly increased by specific muscle training, may provide a simple, sensitive, and nontraumatic evaluation of muscle training.
Literature Review on Digitalization and Financial Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to summarize research on digitalization and emphasize how it affects financial performance. Additionally, applicable methodology from recent studies in a variety of domains is shown in this study. The state-of-the-art in digitalization research is described in this review article, which combines technology, finance, marketing, and innovation literature. In recent years, research on digitalization has expanded rapidly in a number of domains, employing both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The elements that affect an organization’s financial performance as a result of its digitalization—such as big data analytics, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, process automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), computer simulations, and online technology—have been the subject of more recent studies. Even if studies on digitalization have been more popular over the past five years, adding new dimensions and investigating qualitative methods remain fascinating areas of study. For academics who are unfamiliar with digitalization, this article provides an overview of how to explore the process. The article enhances the review of the impact of digitization on financial performance.
Advertising Budgeting and Sales Forecasting: The Timing Relationship

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article examines company practice and the advertising budgeting-sales forecasting timing relationship, assessing the key company and organizational variables involved. The data were obtained from a four-page questionnaire mailed to 900 senior marketing executives. Just under three-quarters of companies were found to set their budgets prior or simultaneous to their sales forecasts. The investigation of the remaining companies, those setting their advertising budgets after their forecasts, indicated that the key variables were company size, product category, functional involvement arid management process. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that company size and the fragmentation of the budgeting and forecasting decisions may be the most important factors in why some companies set their budgets after the forecast. The main recommendations are that larger companies should strive to link or integrate budgeting-forecasting decisions and that further research should be undertaken to help improve company practices in this respect.