jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Power Quality Improvement for PMSG Based Isolated Small Hydro System Feeding Three-Phase 4-Wire Unbalanced Nonlinear Loads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, an isolated small hydro system is dealt with feeding a three-phase 4-wire unbalanced nonlinear loads supported by a battery. A moving average filter-enhanced PLL (MAF-EPLL) control strategy is adapted for extracting fundamental component from load currents. The 4-leg VSC connected to point of common coupling (PCC) is used to control voltage, frequency and to improve the power quality of this system during unbalanced nonlinear loading. The neutral current compensation is provided by using a 4-leg voltage source converter (VSC), which also suppresses the effect of unbalance in a 3-phase 4 wire nonlinear consumer load. This control scheme extracts the amplitude of the load current component corresponding to the fundamental frequency to regulate the generator frequency and to determine the phase angle. The capability of this small hydro system using the presented control strategy is demonstrated through prototype developed in the laboratory.
Changes of AT2Receptor Levels in the Rat Adrenal Cortex and Medulla Induced by Bilateral Nephrectomy and Its Modulation by Circulating ANG II

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We studied regulation of the AT 2 receptor by investigating the effect of bilateral nephrectomy (bNX) in Sprague–Dawley rats. The expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and AT 2 receptor mRNA was detected by nonradioactive in situ hybridization. AT 2 receptor mRNA was detected in cells of the first two or three subcapsular cell layers of the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and in the medulla of sham-operated animals. After bNX, the number and area of distribution of AT 2 receptor-positive cells increased in the ZG. This was associated with an enlargement of the steroidogenic active ZG and with reduced proliferation rate (sham 5.9 ± 0.9%; bNX 2.4 ± 0.2%; p > 0.02). Infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II; 200 ng/kg/min SC for 56 hr) to bNX rats did not reverse the effect of nephrectomy on the distribution of AT 2 receptor expression, although mRNA levels per cell were reduced compared to NX alone. ANG II infusion decreased proliferation rate further (0.4 ± 0.07%; p > 0.001). In the adrenal medulla after bNX, decreased expression of the AT 2 receptor was associated with increased proliferation (2.6 ± 0.2% vs 6.6 ± 0.5%). These results demonstrate differential regulation of the AT 2 receptor in the adrenal gland and suggest that expression of the AT 2 receptor is involved in regulating proliferation and differentiation in the ZG and medulla. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:649–656, 2001)
The Development and Validation of a Perceptual Index for Utilization in the Teaching of Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Art educators and perceptual theorists, while speaking in the language of their respective areas of inquiry, have in common an interest in how man achieves and maintains contact with his surroundings. In the normally functioning organism, this is a lifelong process. Evidence exists to indicate that some perceptual discriminations are possible at a very early age, and may well be innate.'12 In addition, it is clear that perceptual learning continues to occur as children grow.3,4 The ambiguities surrounding the nature of the perceptual process and the extent to which contributes to total human experience have brought forth widely divergent position statements from researchers and theorists in this field. Some have argued for a hierarchical structure in which is subordinated to intellectual levels of thought5; others have been adamant in stressing the interactive roles which and cognition take.6 Use of the term perception in this study denotes the physical art of apprehending a stimulus, its translation and modification into cognitive data, and the recycling of that cognition in the subsequent apprehension of stimuli. Perceptual theory as a source for the development of art curricula has until recently sparked little interest among art educators, whose attention has focused upon what the child does with materials rather than on how he sees his worth. Recently, however, Arnheim7, McFee8, Linderman9, Hubbard'?, Salome, and Anderson12 have developed positions in which perceptual study is central. Yet even today many art teachers remain comparatively unfamiliar with the premises of perceptual theory, and as a general rule, have no way of knowing the extent or the depth of their students' perceptual development at any particular time. Nor are they able to discover very readily whether their students' perceptions have been altered as a result of exposure to a sequence of activities designed with that aim in mind. Instruments which address themselves to measuring or identifying perceptual traits do exist13'14, but mainly in forms which have only partial relevance for the teacher of art.
Identifying latent classes of dual cigarette/ENDS users based on motivations for ENDS use: Product substitution versus complementary use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to empirically identify subgroups of dual cigarette and ENDS product users based on their motivations for ENDS use. Methods Data came from n=713 adult dual cigarette/ENDS users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Wave 6 public use data file. We used latent class analysis to identify qualitatively different subgroups within the sample and applied logistic regression to assess correlates of latent class membership. Results We identified two latent classes: “Substituters” (62.81%) and Complementers (37.19%). Classes were primarily distinguished by Substituters reporting a higher probability of using ENDS to cut down on (97.99%) or quit (86.12%) cigarette smoking; the converse was true for Substituters (16.95%; 3.17%, respectively). Compared to Substituters, Complementers (aOR=0.87, 95% CI=0.81-0.96) expressed less interest in smoking cessation. Moreover, Complementers were less likely to have made a past-year smoking quit attempt (aOR=0.46, 95% CI=0.27-0.77) and more likely to smoke the same number of cigarettes as usual (aOR=3.62, 95% CI=2.04-6.42) or more cigarettes than usual (aOR=5.96, 95% CI=1.92-18.51) on days when they both smoked and vaped than were Substituters. No sociodemographic differences were observed. Conclusions We identified distinct latent classes of dual cigarette/ENDS users, predominantly differentiated based on their reported probabilities of using ENDS to assist in quitting or cutting down on cigarette smoking. Findings that class membership is associated with interest in quitting and quit attempts have significant health, treatment, and study design implications. Implications The identification of distinct classes of dual cigarette/ENDS users based on their motivations for ENDS use and differential associations between class membership and tobacco use characteristics has a number of implications. Class membership may affect cessation treatment approaches and has significant implications for scientific study design.
TRIM24 as a prognostic biomarker for survival and local recurrence in HNSCC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction TRIM24 is expressed in many cancer entities and often associated with a poor clinical outcome. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers world-wide. The treatment of HNSCC is often difficult and associated with severe side-effects while the prognosis is still rather poor.
Supplementary Figures from Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Elevated Tumor Mutational Burden and Initiating Driver Mutations in African Men with Treatment-Naïve, High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Fig. S1 Transition and transversion rates of somatic SNVs observed among six SAPCS patients. Ti and Tv indicate transitional and transversional changes, respectively. Supplementary Fig. S2 Genomic rearrangements between African and European cohorts. A, Those observed for deletions (DEL), inter-chromosomal translocations (CTX), inversions (INV) and tandem duplications (DUP). B, Those observed for the four following types of large deletions: chromosomal deletions (CD), exon losses (EL), splice acceptor variant (SA), and splice donor variant (SD). Supplementary Fig. S3 Complex genomic rearrangements. A, Circos plots depicting coordinated chained events of chromoplexy in SAPCS (n = 1/6) and APCRCEUR (n = 5/9). Somatic copy number gains (red) and losses (blue) are depicted in the inner ring, while chromoplexic events between chromosomes are linked with blue lines and rearrangements not assigned to a chained event are depicted as gray lines within the plot. B, Maximal chromothriptic scores observed among tumor-matched blood pairs of SAPCS and APCRCEUR cohorts. Tumors with a ShatterProof score over 0.39 are defined as having chromothriptic characteristics; two from the APCRC are 0.43 and 0.44, which are higher than scores from their matched blood. Supplementary Fig. S4 Recurrent somatic aberrations within SAPCS, compared to AAPC (African American), TCGA, and COSMIC prostate cancer datasets. Genes or chromosome regions affected are shown next to oncoplots, with the total number of mutations within SAPCS tumors in the rightmost column. Note that a multiple hit accounts for more than one count. Abbreviations include: TFBS, transcription factor binding site; DHS, DNase I hypersensitive site; and CN, copy number. Supplementary Fig. S5 Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of SCNA segmented data observed within this study and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center cohort (MSKCC; n = 157 primary tumors). Selected genomic regions indicative of copy number subtypes are labeled. Each column represents a genomic region. Ward's clustering with the Manhattan distance metric was applied to cluster the rows (patients) with consensus clustering. PGA, percentage of genome alteration. Supplementary Fig. S6 Model of prostate carcinogenesis among patients of African ancestry. Tajima's D statistic per chromosome of somatic SNVs present in each clone or subclone across six study participants was computed and averaged using VCFtools (Danecek et al, 2011). Abbreviations: AR, androgen receptor; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; WNT, canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site family.</p>
Basilar artery giant fusiform aneurysms caused by congenital defect of the internal elastic lamina and media.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Giant fusiform aneurysms of the basilar artery were found in a 6-year-old boy who subsequently died after rupture of the aneurysm, and in a 64-year-old man who showed signs of ischemia and compression of the brain stem. Autopsy disclosed strikingly similar abnormalities of the wall of the basilar artery, consisting of a defect of the internal elastic lamina and absence of the media. A congenital anomaly may play a role in the pathogenesis of this abnormality, in both young and some elderly patients.
Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, and 17 beta-estradiol from male beagles with spontaneous or induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The serum concentration of testosterone (T) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta , 17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin in young (less than 40 months) beagles with spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were not significantly (P greater than 0.25) different from serum hormone levels of age matched controls, or old (greater than 60 months) beagles with BPH. However, the serum hormone levels of age matched controls, or with BPH (2.46 +/- 0.51 pg per ml) was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that of age matched controls (3.93 +/- 0.35 pg per ml) and of old beagles with BPH is not associated with increased serum concentrations of androgens, or changes in serum levels of gonadotropins, but may be related to some change in estrogen biosynthesis or metabolism. In the second part of the experiment, castrate and intact beagles were treated for 4 months with three weekly injections of T, DHT, 3 alpha-diol, estradiol, T + estradiol, DHT + estradiol, or 3 alpha-diol + estradiol. As expected, the serum concentration of T, DHT, 3 alpha-diol, estradiol, LH, and FSH varied dramatically depending on the steroid regimen used. Analysis of these results showed that prostate weight was increased by steroid treatments which elevated the serum DHT concentration. However, glandular hyperplasia, indistinguishable from that seen in dogs with BPH, occurred only when estradiol was added to those steroid treatments which caused elevated serum DHT concentration.
The rewiring of cAMP/cGMP and LDH signalling drives cardiac hypertrophy in Pde5a −/− mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phosphodiesterase type 5a (Pde5a), an enzyme that hydrolyzes cGMP nucleotide, regulates several aspects of heart physiology and its inhibition improves left ventricular heart function under pathological conditions. We investigated Pde5a role in the development and progression of moderate and severe cardiac hypertrophy, induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), in Pde5a WT ( Pde5a +/+ ) and Pde5a-deficient ( Pde5a −/− ) mice. Cardiac hypertrophy was surprisingly detected in Pde5a −/− mice after TAC surgery with similar alterations of cardiac function, morphology, fibrosis, and expression of molecular markers compared with Pde5a +/+ mice. The Pde5a inhibitor, Sildenafil, prevented only moderate cardiac hypertrophy at the morpho-functional and molecular levels in Pde5a +/+ mice. Cardiac hypertrophy was found to be associated with unbalanced cAMP/cGMP ratio and lactate dehydrogenase plays a critical role in the metabolic remodelling of Pde5a −/− hearts under TAC conditions. In conclusion, pharmacological Pde5a inhibition counteracts moderate but not severe hypertrophy. Genetic ablation of Pde5a does not protect against moderate/severe cardiac hypertrophy. In the absence of Pde5a, the oxidative metabolism shifts towards a mixed oxidative-glycolytic metabolism under TAC condition.
Sodium sulfur batteries allocation in high renewable penetration microgrids using coronavirus herd immunity optimization

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy storage batteries have been described as an ideal way to solve renewable energy problems, improve self-consumption rate (ScR), and pave the way for further growth in renewables penetration. In this work, an optimization framework is proposed to enhance a grid-connected microgrid performance in three stages. The first stage epitomizes maximization of the ScR of the highly-penetrated renewables hosted in the microgrid considered via sodium sulfur batteries allocation. The second stage epitomizes the minimization of the active power losses. The third stage epitomizes the calculation of the optimal energy management relying on diminishing the overall microgrid’s cost of operation depending on the optimal findings of the earlier two stages. The coronavirus herd immunity optimization algorithm is applied on MATLAB’s platform to solve the engineering problem formulated. Numerous linear and nonlinear constraints have been taken into account. The results have gotten validate the usefulness of the developed solutions and algorithm application.
Blood Conservation in Elective Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood conservation for elective surgery involves both the reduction of blood loss and the reduction of homologous blood transfusion. Methods of reducing blood loss such as the use of tourniquets, vasoconstrictor drugs, regional anaesthetic supplements and hypotensive anaesthesia are considered briefly. Preoperative and intraoperative techniques of autotransfusion and haemodilution are considered in detail, including a technique of scavenging and reinfusing blood aspirated from the surgical site.
A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents an area efficient fully autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system to scavenge energy from periodic vibrations. Extraction rectifier utilized in the system is based on synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique which enables system to outperform standard passive rectifiers. Compared to conventional SSHI circuits, enhanced SSHI (E-SSHI) system proposed in this paper uses a single low-profile external inductor in the range of mu H's to reduce overall system cost and volume, hence broadening application areas of such harvesting systems. Furthermore, E-SSHI does not include any negative voltage converter circuit and therefore, it offers area efficient AC/DC rectification. Detection of optimal voltage flipping times in E-SSHI technique is conducted autonomously without any external calibration. Energy transfer circuit provides control over how much energy is delivered from E-SSHI output to electronic load. The proposed system is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process with 0.28 mm(2) active area. It is tested using a commercial piezoelectric transducer MIDE V22BL with periodic excitation. Measured results reveal that E-SSHI circuit is capable of extracting up to 5.23 and 4.02 times more power compared with an ideal full-bridge rectifier at 0.87 V and 2.6 V piezoelectric open circuit voltage amplitudes (V-OC,V- P), respectively. A maximum voltage flipping efficiency of 93% is observed at V-OC,V-P = 3.6 V, owing to minimized losses on charge flipping path. Measured results are compared with state-of-the-art interface circuits. Comparison shows that E-SSHI design offers a huge step towards miniaturized harvesting systems thanks to its low-profile and fully autonomous design.
Astrophotonics: the visible path forward in interferometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

While the angular resolution is the obvious driver for pushing instruments in the visible wavelength range, working with short wavelengths comes with challenges. In this presentation I will review the latest developments regarding photonic developments for the recombination of beams in the visible. Photonic devices constitute a promising avenue for the future instrumentation in interferometry, offering compact, stable and potentially complex architectures. Especially in the context of the spectro-interferometer FIRST installed on the SCExAO platform at the Subaru Telescope, we are exploring two different manufacturing technologies producing waveguides with low or high refractive index contrast. I will review the main challenges we are facing, regarding insertion and propagation losses, as well as polarization effects, and introduce current research developments towards visible design for active phase modulation devices, 3D-architectures and photonic lanterns.
Metallic Substrate Influences on the Osteogenic Cell Compatibility and Antibacterial Activity of Silver-Incorporated Porous Oxide Layers Formed by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In their application in medical devices, zirconium (Zr) and its alloys are expected to prevent the generation of magnetic resonance imaging artifacts owing to their magnetic susceptibilities. The one-step micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process in electrolytes of phosphate, calcium, and silver (Ag) ions may endow the Zr surface with osteogenic cell compatibility and antibacterial activity, owing to the formation of porous oxide layers consisting of the electrolyte and substrate elements. Herein, we formed Ag-incorporated porous oxide layers on Zr and titanium (Ti) surfaces with MAO, and their surface structure, composition, chemical state, and biofunctions were investigated. The results showed that the surface structure and composition of the resulting oxide layers were affected by the metallic substrate. The chemical states of Ag in the resulting oxide layer differed between the Ti and Zr substrates. Moreover, the amount of Ag ions released from the Zr surface was lower than that released from the Ti surface, despite the surface Ag concentration of Zr being higher than that of Ti. After 24 h of incubation, the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells and Staphylococcus aureus on the Ag-incorporated oxide layers on the Zr substrate was significantly higher than that on the Ti substrate. Therefore, the Ag-incorporated oxide layer was more chemically stable on the Zr substrate. Specifically, the different Ag chemical states in the oxide layer caused by the metallic substrate affected the osteogenic cell compatibility and antibacterial activity of the resulting oxide layers formed by MAO. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the surface design of Zr-based medical devices to prevent magnetic resonance imaging artifacts.
Assessment & Plan for Patient-Centered Medical Home Implementation at Project H.O.M.E. Wellness Center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for obtaining patient-centered medical home (PCMH) recognition at a small, but rapidly expanding, urban clinic. A mock survey was planned along with an evaluation of current processes and an inventory of barriers and assets to PCMH implementation. The mock survey was postponed, but current processes and barriers and assets were catalogued and evaluated. The self-assessment revealed that the clinic is currently in preliminary preparation for PCMH, with an appropriate emphasis educating staff and ensuring that ongoing changes will be compatible with PCMH. The clinic has many more assets than barriers, including strong community relations, committed leadership, and current use of non-physician care managers and mid-level providers. Once the application to become a federally qualified health center look alike is completed, the committee should conduct another self-assessment using the survey tool to identify needs, and then focus on implementing and documenting the must-pass elements. Presentation: 26 minutes
Esthetics and Methods in the Study of Sexual Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study of sexuality has been and remains a seminal project for Social & Legal Studies. This article utilizes the political/esthetic theory of Jacques Rancière in order to explore the dimensions of this project as an intervention in the field of sociolegal studies from the Journal’s inception to contemporary concerns. Early studies of sexuality in the Journal developed three methodological themes: law as deconstructable process, as consequential for the performative aspects of nonessentialized identities, and as potentially destabilized by highly mobile rights claiming. This article seeks to understand whether this unique agenda for the study of gender, sexuality, and law remains viable. It concludes that the nonessentialist fluidity of gender and sexuality which framed early approaches to the study of the consequences of rights and the relationship of sexual and gender identity requires renewed attention to the structures of race, colonialism, and imperialism enabling and enabled by contemporary queer critique.