jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Dexmedetomidine Intervention on Neurogenic Inflammation in Cognitive Impairment Rats after Partial Hepatectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. To study the effect of dexmedetomidine on cognitive function in rats with cognitive impairment after partial hepatectomy and its mechanism. Methods. 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 15 ): blank control group (CG group), sham operation group (Sham group), cognitive impairment model group (POCD group), and dexmedetomidine + cognitive impairment model group (DEX group). Rats in the POCD group underwent left lobe hepatectomy and intraperitoneal injection of the same amount of normal saline after resuscitation. Rats in the DEX group underwent left lobe hepatectomy and intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg. Group CG was not operated on and the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. In the Sham group, liver resection was not allowed after the abdominal incision, and normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. Rats were injected every 24 hours for 5 consecutive days. Morris water maze (MWM) were used to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on learning and memory ability of POCD rats. TUNEL method was used to detect apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus. INOS, Arg-1, IL-6, and TNF-αexpression levels were detected. Western blot detects the expression level of TNF-α, Bcl-2, and NF-κB protein. Result. Compared with the CG group, the escape latency of the other three groups was prolonged on the 5th day after the operation, and the number of crossing the platform was reduced. Compared with the Sham group, the escape latency of the POCD group and DEX group was significantly prolonged, and the number of crossing the platform was significantly reduced on day 5 ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the POCD group, the DEX group shortened the escape latency and increased the number of crossing the platform on the 5th day ( P < 0.05 ). It shows that the spatial learning and memory function of rats has been restored to a certain extent.The number of iNOS and Arg-1 positive cells in the POCD group and DEX group was higher than that in the control group, and the number of Arg-1 positive cells in the DEX group was higher than that in the POCD group ( P < 0.05 ). Western blot results the expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB protein in POCD group, and DEX group was higher than that of the sham group ( P < 0.05 ). The expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB protein was the most in POCD group. The expression of Bcl-2 and NF-κB protein in DEX group was lower than that in POCD group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Behavioral results showed that the learning and cognitive ability of POCD model rats after hepatectomy was impaired, and inflammatory factors and activated microglia were found in the hippocampus of POCD rats. Dexmedetomidine may improve the brain function of POCD rats by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis,partly through NF-κB apoptosis pathway.
Low noise, high linearity double-balanced active mixers using lossless feedback

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A further development in the application of single-transformer lossless feedback to improve the performance of double-balanced active mixers is described, in which the significant sources of noise are removed without impairing the intermodulation performance. Noise figures of better than 6 dB are obtained while continuing to enjoy IIP performance of better than +25 dBm with a local oscillator power of just 0 dBm. A brief discussion of lossless feedback double-balanced active mixers is provided, and a generalized topology for low-noise lossless feedback mixers is described. Test data describing the intermodulation and noise performance of a specific example is presented.
Security of Biometric Authentication Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper outlines our views of actual security of biometric
authentication and encryption systems. The attractiveness of
some novel approaches like cryptographic key generation from
biometric data is in some respect understandable, yet so far
has lead to various shortcuts and compromises on security. This
paper starts with an introductory section that is followed by a
section about variability of biometric characteristics, with a
particular attention paid to biometrics used in large systems.
The following sections then discuss the potential for biometric
authentication systems and for the use of biometrics in support
of cryptographic applications as they are typically used in
computer systems.
Thermal Fluid Enhanced Solar Concentrating Systems for Power Generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar power systems, which collect the sun’s rays and turn them into heat, have recently attracted a lot of attention due to the growing need for sustainable energy sources. Adding fluid thermal energy systems to these systems boosts their efficiency, effectiveness, and heat transmission. This study assesses the efficiency of a revised thermal fluid CSP system in response to changes in solar radiation, fluid flow rate, and temperature distribution via the use of experimental analysis and numerical modelling. Since thermal fluids increase power output and thermal efficiency in comparison to previous CSP systems, the findings demonstrate that they are beneficial for solar power generation. Based on these findings, coated thermal energy fluids in CSP systems have the potential to increase the energy efficiency of renewable energy systems. Research shows that parabolic trough solar concentrators using synthetic oils, molten salts, and nanofluids provide 20% more power and 15% more thermal efficiency than air-based systems.
Clinical information prompt-driven retinal fundus image for brain health evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Brain volume measurement serves as a critical approach for assessing brain health status. Considering the close biological connection between the eyes and brain, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of estimating brain volume through retinal fundus imaging integrated with clinical metadata, and to offer a cost-effective approach for assessing brain health. Methods Based on clinical information, retinal fundus images, and neuroimaging data derived from a multicenter, population-based cohort study, the KaiLuan Study, we proposed a cross-modal correlation representation (CMCR) network to elucidate the intricate co-degenerative relationships between the eyes and brain for 755 subjects. Specifically, individual clinical information, which has been followed up for as long as 12 years, was encoded as a prompt to enhance the accuracy of brain volume estimation. Independent internal validation and external validation were performed to assess the robustness of the proposed model. Root mean square error (RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) metrics were employed to quantitatively evaluate the quality of synthetic brain images derived from retinal imaging data. Results The proposed framework yielded average RMSE, PSNR, and SSIM values of 98.23, 35.78 dB, and 0.64, respectively, which significantly outperformed 5 other methods: multi-channel Variational Autoencoder (mcVAE), Pixel-to-Pixel (Pixel2pixel), transformer-based U-Net (TransUNet), multi-scale transformer network (MT-Net), and residual vision transformer (ResViT). The two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization results showed that the shape and texture of the synthetic brain images generated by the proposed method most closely resembled those of actual brain images. Thus, the CMCR framework accurately captured the latent structural correlations between the fundus and the brain. The average difference between predicted and actual brain volumes was 61.36 cm3, with a relative error of 4.54%. When all of the clinical information (including age and sex, daily habits, cardiovascular factors, metabolic factors, and inflammatory factors) was encoded, the difference was decreased to 53.89 cm3, with a relative error of 3.98%. Based on the synthesized brain MR images from retinal fundus images, the volumes of brain tissues could be estimated with high accuracy. Conclusions This study provides an innovative, accurate, and cost-effective approach to characterize brain health status through readily accessible retinal fundus images. Trial registration No. NCT05453877 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ).
An account of Mary Anning (1799-1847), fossil collector of Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, published by Henry Rowland Brown (1837-1921) in the second edition (1859) of Beauties of Lyme Regis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The publication of the now rare second edition of the guidebook The Beauties of Lyme Regis... by Lyme native Henry Rowland Brown (1837-1921) is dated to 1859. The known link of Brown’s family to Anning’s increases the significance of his book as a source for her, particularly the second edition which has a more extensive account of her than the first; relevant extracts are reproduced. His book has become a major source for writers on Anning, but only in corrupted form because of incompetent piracy by a later writer in a general magazine.
Climate warming disturbances periodicity of Siberian stone pine seed production (Pinus sibirica Du Tour)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Siberian stone pine is one of the main edificator plants of taiga forests of Western Siberia. Sustainable functioning of forest ecosystems depends on its successful cone crops, as its seeds are the basis for the diet of many forest animals. A cone crop in this species is characterized by pronounced interannual variability, manifested in the formation of high seed yields once in 3-4 years. However, in the last 20 years, high yields have been rare, replaced by years with average and low yields. To establish the reasons for these changes, the dynamics of seeding in the period from 1990 to 2023 and weather conditions in spring in the pollination year during the same period were analyzed. It was found that the number of mature cones in the crown largely depended on spring weather in the year of pollination and was negatively correlated with the sum of active temperatures above +5°C accumulated before the late spring frost. If frost occurred at SAT above 300°C, the following year’s crop was minimized. Analysis of weather conditions showed that, on average, there is a tendency to shift the dates of the last frosts to later dates, and even a short-term decrease in temperature to -1 °C leads to complete death of the future crop of cones. Despite the growth of heat availability in the spring period due to active temperature increase in April, the expected shift of frosts to earlier dates is not observed in the south of Western Siberia. For Siberian stone pine, such situation is fraught with strengthening of negative trend in seeding dynamics. It is supposed that at further climate warming the beginning of spring development of reproductive structures will occur at earlier dates, so reproductive structures will be more damaged by late spring frosts, since the latter remain within the same time frames.
EFFECTIVE PRECIPTATION, SOIL LOSS AND PLANT COVER SYSTEMS IN THE CAATINGA BIOME, BRAZIL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the effective precipitation (eP) and soil loss in watersheds under different land uses in a tropical dry forest region. The experimental area was located in the central part of the State of Ceará, Brazil. The land uses evaluated were: fallow Caatinga (FC), thinned Caatinga (TC) and deforested Caatinga followed by a burning procedure and pasture cultivation (DBP). The areas were monitored in the rainy season (January to May, 2010), when 57 natural rainfalls occurred, totaling 941 mm of precipitation. The eP and sediment productions were quantified by the sum of all occurrences during the study period, and the soil loss was represented by suspended and dragged sediments. The eP was 15.13 mm and sediment produced was 167.81 kg ha-1 in FC conditions. The eP values was smaller (11.28 mm) in the watershed with TC, which had soil loss sum of 42.04 kg ha-1. The largest annual eP was found in the DBP area, with 112.88 mm yr-1 of accumulated water depth, which also showed the greater annual soil loss (3114.97 kg ha-1). The greatest interference of plant cover in the two variables evaluated occurred in the first precipitation events, when the plants were not yet fully developed.
An Extraordinary Case of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on Admission

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. APECED is a syndrome characterized by autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, and ectodermal dystrophy. The most observed clinical findings are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. Case Presentation. A three-year-old male patient was admitted with classical signs of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. During follow-up, signs of autoimmunity, candidiasis, nail dystrophy, and onychomycosis were observed. The parents were consanguineous, and targeted next-generation sequencing was performed. A homozygous mutation in the AIRE gene SAND domain (c.769C > T, p.Arg257Ter) was detected, and the patient was diagnosed with APECED syndrome. Conclusion. Inflammatory arthritis is rarely described in association with APECED and is often misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In APECED cases, nonclassical symptoms such as arthritis may occur before developing classical symptoms and considering the diagnosis of APECED in patients with CMC and arthritis is useful for early diagnosis before development of complications and management of disease.
Phosphorus-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Phosphorus is widely present in living organisms and nature and exists in a variety of isomers with variable crystal structures. There are several common phosphorus monomers in biomedicine, including red phosphorus (RP), black phosphorus (BLK-P), violet phosphorus (VP), and blue phosphorus (BLU-P). Phosphorus-based semiconductor materials (PSCM) have adjustable band gaps, high photogenerated carrier mobility, and efficient photothermal conversion as well as good biocompatibility and degradability. In addition, phosphorus, an essential element for life-sustaining activities, is present in all cells of the human body, accounting for approximately 1% of the body's total weight. Therefore, phosphorus-based nanomaterials have extensive applications in the biomedical field. This review will clarify the classification, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and applications in biomedicine of phosphorus-based nanomaterials while also offering new ideas for their development in biomedicine.
Prediction of the Mortality with Comorbidity - Polypharmacy Score in the Osteoporotic Hip Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PŮVODNÍ PRÁCEWhile some studies determined the association between mortality and polypharmacy among older adults, (1, 3, 13) a recent systematic review did not find a significant relation (4).The Comorbidity-Polypharmacy Score (CPS) has been defined to predict the morbidity and mortality in elderly such that a sum of the number of drugs and comorbid diseases and provide an accurate and predictive measurement (14).In spite of the fact that CPS has been revealed a predictable measurement on mortality, no study has evaluated the independent prediction of CPS on mortality in osteoporotic hip fractures.The objective of the present study was to assess whether polypharmacy or Comorbidity-Polyphrmacy score could predict the mortality risk in the patients had an osteoporotic hip fracture over age 65. Prediction of the Mortality with Comorbidity -Polypharmacy Score in the Osteoporotic Hip Fractures
Novel View Synthesis from a Single RGBD Image for Indoor Scenes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an approach for synthesizing novel view images from a single RGBD (Red Green Blue-Depth) input. Novel view synthesis (NVS) is an interesting computer vision task with extensive applications. Methods using multiple images has been well-studied, exemplary ones include training scene-specific Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), or leveraging multi-view stereo (MVS) and 3D rendering pipelines. However, both are either computationally intensive or non-generalizable across different scenes, limiting their practical value. Conversely, the depth information embedded in RGBD images unlocks 3D potential from a singular view, simplifying NVS. The widespread availability of compact, affordable stereo cameras, and even LiDARs in contemporary devices like smartphones, makes capturing RGBD images more accessible than ever. In our method, we convert an RGBD image into a point cloud and render it from a different viewpoint, then formulate the NVS task into an image translation problem. We leveraged generative adversarial networks to style-transfer the rendered image, achieving a result similar to a photograph taken from the new perspective. We explore both unsupervised learning using CycleGAN and supervised learning with Pix2Pix, and demonstrate the qualitative results. Our method circumvents the limitations of traditional multi-image techniques, holding significant promise for practical, real-time applications in NVS.
The Effect of Unemployment Insurance Benefits on Income Inequality in the Canadian Provinces

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Dans cette etude nous faisons l’analyse de la progressivite relative de l’impact immediat de l’assurance chomage au Canada durant la periode 1975 a 1996 tant au niveau national que provincial. De plus, l’augmentation du bien-etre social due a la reduction des inegalites de revenus est estimee (a l’aide de certaines hypotheses normatives) entre 1 et 2 pourcent de l’ensemble du revenu national. Cet estime peut etre compare avec les couts relies a l’efficacite des impacts de l’assurance chomage sur le marche du travail. Etant donne le debat politique actuel sur le programme d’assurance chomage, nos resultats devraient s’averer interessants et faire partie des elements des discussions politiques futures en ce qui concerne le systeme d’assurance chomage. This study provides an analysis of the relative progressivity of the immediate impact of the unemployment insurance (UI) program in Canada from 1975 to 1996 at both the national and provincial level. In addition, the welfare gain from the reduction in income inequality was estimated (given certain normative assumptions) to be between 1 and 2 percent of aggregate income nationally. This estimate can be compared with the efficiency costs from the labour market implications of the program. Given the existing policy debate on the UI program, this should prove to be both an interesting and important component of any future policy
Enhancing Automatic Speech Recognition: Effects of Semantic Audio Filtering on Models Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel methodology for enhancing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) performance by utilizing contrastive learning to filter synthetic audio data. We address the challenge of incorporating synthetic data into ASR training, especially in scenarios with limited real-world data or unique linguistic characteristics. The method utilizes a contrastive learning model to align representations of synthetic audio and its corresponding text transcripts, enabling the identification and removal of low-quality samples that do not align well semantically. We evaluate the methodology on a medium-resource language across two distinct datasets: a general-domain dataset and a regionally specific dataset characterized by unique pronunciation patterns. Experimental results reveal that the optimal filtering strategy depends on both model capacity and dataset characteristics. Larger models, like Whisper Large V3, particularly benefit from aggressive filtering, while smaller models may not require such stringent filtering, especially on non-normalized text. This work highlights the importance of adjusting synthetic data augmentation and filtering to specific model architectures and target domains. The proposed method, robust and adaptable, enhances ASR performance across diverse language settings. We have open-sourced the entire work, which includes 140 hours of synthetically generated Portuguese speech, as well as the pipeline and parameter settings used to create these samples. Additionally, we provide the fine-tuned Whisper models and the code required to reproduce this research. Our code will be available at https://github.com/my-north-ai/semantic_audio_filtering.
Formation and Function of Energy-transducing Biomembranes:The roles played by chaperonin and gene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The energy transduction in biomembranes requires a special supramolecular structure. This structure is needed for converting proton motive energy into ATP synthesis. These biomembranes contain 4 enzyme complexes that are composed of many polypeptides. Here we describe the following 4 phenomena : 1) oligomer formation by self-assembly of the subunits, 2) incorporation of the oligomers into a lipid bilayer, 3) chaperonin-mediated formation of the oligomers and membranes, 4) coordination of the subunit biosyntheses by enhancers and the role of mitochondrial DNA.Polypeptides translated are assembled into the membrane complexes with or without the help of chaperonins. In the case of thermophilic proteins, the reconstitutability of polypeptides is excellent ; for example, the catalytic portion of ATP synthase, α1 β1 subunit complex, was reconstituted. On the other hand, mesophilic ATP synthase requires chaperonins for its formation. The transcription of mRNAs for these polypeptides is coordinated by special enhancer and silencer. The role of polypeptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA in the molecular assembly was studied with the wild-type and mutant cells.
High harmonic generation of spatially chirped pulses with a variable pulse-front tilt compressor (Conference Presentation)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) a wide bandwidth pulse with transverse spatial chirp is focused, resulting in a pulse that is temporally compressed only near the focal plane. The pulse also has a pulse front tilt angle that depends on the amount of initial transverse chirp. Using an improved design of an asymmetric pulse compressor, we can easily vary the amount of output spatial chirp and thus the pulse front tilt at the focus. We direct this beam into a vacuum chamber and focus it onto an argon gas jet to achieve high harmonic generation (HHG). Since the harmonics are created with a tilted pulse, they emerge from the focus with an amount of angular chirp based on the input spatial chirp and harmonic number. We angularly disperse the harmonics in the direction perpendicular to the spatial chirp with a curved reflective grating, which focuses in the spectral direction onto an x-ray CCD camera. We observe that each of the harmonics possesses angular spatial chirp. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental verification of our earlier published theory of spatially chirped high harmonics. These harmonics are in a sense the Fourier complement to harmonics produced with the Lighthouse Effect. In that case, the attosecond pulse train is angularly dispersed while here each harmonic has angular spectral dispersion. This technique could be used for hyperspectral XUV spectroscopy and, when the beam is refocused, would allow for temporal focusing of the attosecond pulse train.