jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Two-Phase Free Convection Flow of Dusty Jeffrey Fluid between Infinite Vertical Parallel Plates with Heat Transfer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In blood flow and fluid mechanics, Jeffrey fluid has a vital role because of its viscoelastic characteristics. The application of Caputo–Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives for dusty-type Jeffrey fluid is discussed in this article. The concept of free convection flow of dusty Jeffrey fluid between infinite vertical parallel static plates is generalized. Free convection and buoyant force produce the flow. Furthermore, the fluid contains homogeneous dispersion of all spherical dust particles. Heat transmission is therefore taken into account for free convection. Nondimensional variables are used to write the dusty Jeffrey fluid classical model in dimensionless form. Also, the dimensionless model is transformed into a generalized dusty Jeffrey fluid model via a fractional derivative. Using the finite sine and Laplace method, the governing equations of the generalized dusty Jeffrey fluid model have been solved exactly. Numerical computation is used to study the physics of velocity and temperature profiles for a variety of embedded parameters. The collected results are discussed in detail and are shown graphically in this report. Mathcad-15 is used to plot the graphical outcomes for Jeffrey fluid, dust particle, and temperature profiles. Furthermore, skin friction and the Nusselt number are calculated. Table demonstrates how the rate of heat transmission reduces as the Peclet number's value rises. Similarly, Table demonstrates that skin friction increases as the fractional parameter rises. By increasing the dusty Jeffrey fluid parameter λ , both velocity profiles are retarded.
Characteristics Analysis of Noncontact Spinning Mechanism with Numerical Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyzes the spinning characteristics of a noncontact spinning mechanism with numerical simulation. In this mechanism, when the suspended object is stably levitated in the vertical direction by a magnetic suspension system, the disk magnets spin the suspended object in the horizontal direction by means of the remanent magnetization on the surface of the suspended object. The disk magnets are arranged around the levitated object, and the magnetic poles are arranged in a parallel configuration. In this paper, the mechanism is introduced, and the remanent magnetization on the surface of the suspended object is examined using a gauss meter. A numerical model is set up, and the spinning characteristics are analyzed with a step input and its velocity in steady states conditions using different numbers of magnets.
Every coin has two sides: the case of thriving at work

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Drawing upon the thriving at work and agism literature, we added unexplored thriving antecedents (i.e., negative age-based metastereotypes and associated reactions) to the thriving nomological network. Additionally, we investigated the thriving-turnover intentions link throughout the lifespan. Parallel multiple mediator models were used to analyze the role played by threat and challenge in the relationship between negative age-based metastereotypes and overall thriving. Survey results ( n = 326 employees) showed that threat and challenge mediated this relationship, yet differential relationships between antecedents and thriving appeared when analyzing thriving dimensions (i.e., learning and vitality) separately. Relatedly, turnover intentions were negatively predicted by overall thriving, but learning and vitality effects on turnover intentions were distinct across age groups. Findings recommend a clearer distinction between thriving dimensions role in the thriving experience throughout the lifespan. Overall, this study contends that the combination of thriving and agism literature contributes to further understand employee growth.
Rights of unionism under Malaysian industrial relations law: theory and reality / Mohd Hafizullah Abdullah…[et al.]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The practice of right of unionism in Malaysia is different as compared with theory and reality. Trade union is important in order to protect and fights the rights of employees. The aim of this research is to identify the forms of interventions in practising rights of unionism among employees in Malaysia. In Chapter 1 discussed forms of interventions at the early stage of formation. Chapter 2 is emphasized on analysis of trade union in Malaysia. This includes historical development, definition of trade union from legal provisions, rights to form under various legislations and formation and conditions of formation. Chapter 3 discussed the restrictions in forming trade union in Malaysia. There are several restrictions which are definition, membership of union, recognition and power of Director General of Trade Union. It also focuses on the restrictions under Federal Constitution, Trade Unions Act 1959 and Industrial Relations Act 1967. Chapter 4 discussed the implications of various interventions that had been discussed in Chapter 3. The last chapter underlined the recommendations from various respondents and from the point of view of the researchers.
VERTI-COR WELDING ELECTRODE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract VERTI-COR Welding Electrode is a continuous tubular steel welding electrode with a powdered-metal-and-flux core; gas shielding and slag are used to protect the molten electrode and weld metal. The VERTI-COR Welding Electrode is used for all-position welding and is a member of the FLUXCOR family of electrodes. It is used to deposit typically 1.6 to 1.9% manganese steel weld metal that is tough and has tensile strengths in the range 80,000 to 97,000 psi, depending on composition of the shielding gas. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-384. Producer or source: Airco Welding Products.
SPRAAK: Speech Processing, Recognition and Automatic Annotation Kit

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The availability of a speech recognition system for Dutch is mentioned as one of the essential requirements for the language and speech technology community. Indeed, researchers now are faced with the problem that no good speech recognition tool is available for their purposes or existing tools lack functionality or flexibility. This project has two primary goals that are accomplished within a single software framework. The first goal is to develop a highly modular toolkit for research into speech recognition algorithms. It allows researchers to focus on one particular aspect of speech recognition technology without needing to worry about the details of the other components. The second goal is to provide a state-of-the art recogniser for Dutch with a simple interface, so that it can be used by non-specialists with a minimum of programming requirements. Next to speech recognition, the resulting software enables applications in related fields as well. Examples are linguistic and phonetic research where the software can be used to segment large speech databases or to provide high quality automatic transcriptions. We have chosen the existing ESAT recogniser, augmented with knowledge and code from the other partners in the project, as a starting point. This code base is transformed to meet the specified requirements. The transformation is accomplished by improving the software interfaces to make the software package more user friendly and adapted for usage in a large user community, and by providing adequate user and developer documentation written in English, so as to make it easily accessible to the international language and speech technology community as well.
A Study on Performance Improvement by Reducing Axial Force of Double-Layer Spoke-type PMSM with Core Skew Structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unlike general spoke-type PMSMs, double-layer spoke-type PMSMs can utilize high reluctance torque by increasing the difference between d-axis and q-axis reluctance. However, as the difference in magnetic resistance increases, vibration and noise are generated, which adversely affects the mechanical part and shortens the life of the motor. Although this problem seemed to be solved by applying core skew in the previous study, it was confirmed that the axial force caused by the axial leakage flux occurred in the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control section and the torque ripple was increased. Therefore, in this paper, a model that can apply symmetrical core skew and reduce axial force is proposed. First, the causes of axial force generated in previous studies were analyzed. Based on the analysis of these causes, a new symmetrical core skew structure was proposed, and its justification was verified through FEA.
Flavonoid Occurrence, Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Protective Effects in Humans: Focus on Flavan‐3‐ols and Flavonols

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Flavonoids are profusely abundant in the human diet and might be responsible for the advantages ascribed to dietary regimens rich in plant foods. Notwithstanding the evidence from epidemiological and cohort studies, an unambiguous and exhaustive pattern has not yet emerged regarding the mechanisms underlying their food-related health properties. It is now increasingly evident that the sole direct action of substances available in planta is not sufficient to fully explain the benefits of polyphenol-rich dietary habits. To elucidate this conundrum, a better comprehension of the interplay between human and microbial metabolism and dietary polyphenols is needed. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the current knowledge on bioavailability and in vivo biotransformation of two widespread classes of flavonoids: flavonols and flavan-3-ols. According to data collected, these substances are not always endowed with the highest bioactivities in vivo, and a deeper knowledge of their metabolites is needed to properly assess their overall contribution to human health and to single out substances to be monitored for the exhaustive profiling of flavonoid bioavailability.
No Longer a Feuding Society? Legal Practice and Kingship in Late 13th-Century Iceland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Icelandic Free State (c.930-1262) is well known as a model of ‘a feuding society,’ due to its unique social system based on the principle of feuding without any jurisdiction by a king. Iceland came under the rule of a Norwegian king in the early 1260s, and it is generally thought that feuds in Iceland came to an end as a result of the royal legislation introduced from 1271. This paper reconsiders this assumption and aims to reveal the legal practice under kingship in late 13th-century Iceland and its relation to the state formation there. Although the information available to us is limited, it does indicate that people kept on feuding long after submitting to the rule of the king. At the same time, the king’s policy was executed by his representatives through institutions such as the summons to Norway or the oath of fidelity, which were based on the new royal law-code. However, the king did not delegate his power to the Icelandic king’s men as much as he did to Norwegian representatives; the Icelandic king’s men also worked for the king, but they did not become the receiver of the oath of fidelity to the king. There was also discrepancy on the matter of the subjects’ obligation between the king and Icelanders: the king, as rex iustus, began to demand absolute obedience from his subjects, but Icelanders were not always aware of it. They maintained their traditional ways of participating in decision making with their ruler, such as feuds or negotiations at assemblies, and the king could not readily prevent them. In the period of the 1270-80s, Iceland was no longer a purely feuding society, and the centralisation of legislative and judicial power in the hands of the king was actually progressed; nevertheless, it should be noted that Icelanders tended to retain their traditional ways, regardless of the demands of the Norwegian king. \nKeywords: feuds, conflicts, kingship, law, state formation, Iceland, Norway
Establishment of experimental ulcerative colitis model in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To induce rat model of ulcerative colitis(UC) by TNBS/alcohol and to explore its similarity to human.Methods The UC animal models were established by TNBS/alcohol,and the general state,intestinal mucous,pathological and ultrastructure changes of model rats were observedin 1 week,2 weeks and 7 weeks respectively,and the contents of TNF-α,IL-2 and IL-4 in serum were detected.Results The general state,intestinal mucous,pathological and ultrastructure changes of model rats with UC were similar to those of human being,forthermore,the changes of levels of serum TNF-α,IL-2,IL-4 were similar to those of human.Conclusion TNBS can seccessfully induce rat model of UC with high similarity to human,which has also the acute and chronic transition process and it is immunology model,so it can be used in the investigation of immunology.
STUDY OF EFFECT OF SIDDHASANADI ASANAS ONRANGE OF MOTION OF HIP JOINT ON HEALTHYVOLUNTEERS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Yoga are the main tool of Ayurveda that are useful for maintaining the body in healthy state
throughout the life. Asanas are one of the important components of Yoga. These are described in Vedic literature
of Ayurveda like Hathyogapradipika, Gherand Samhita etc. These Asanas relieve the mental and physical stress
of the body. Due to sedentary lifestyle and lack of concentration towards health, people are suffering from various
health issues. Joints are also get involved in various diseases. One of such important joint in body is hip joint
which is prone to loose range of motion and flexibility due to unhealthy practices. This leads to wide range of
diseases such as Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Avascular necrosis etc. So it is better to prevent further
course of disease and keep the joints in healthy condition by increasing range of motion. Siddhasanadi Asanas
(Siddhasana, Gomukhasana, Shalbhasana) involves hip joint. These Asanas are easy to perform alongwith day
to day activities. There is no work done till today to show the effect of Siddhasanadi on range of motion of hip
joint. So its our effect to show effect of these Asanas on range of motion of hip joint on healthy volunteers. This
can be elixir to prevent diseases of hip joint in future and will assuredly help to keep joints in normal healthy
condition. This is an observational study which will be conducted on 30 healthy volunteers to study effect of
Siddhasanadi Asanas on range of motion of hip joint.During Siddhasanadi Asanas hip joint is greatly involved.
So these can show definite effect on range of motion of joint and flexibility of hip joint will be increased. This
will prevent further diseases of hip joint.DMIMS(DU)IEC/Aug-2019/8310 (10/9/2019).
Individualism, collectivism, and voting behaviour: a follow-up study into political values

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The constructs of individualism (I) and collectivism (c) originated in Western political philosophy in the \neighteenth and nineteenth century; however, there has been little or no research into how these constructs may fit within a modern political framework. Triandis (1995) and his colleges have conducted a wealth of research into the constructs of individualism and collectivism generally comparing different cultural groups and values. Individualism is often linked with liberalism, which embraces the ideals of maximising the freedom of the individual, whereby through collectivism individuals gain freedom by both forming and submitting to the common will. Triandis also adds another dimension to the I-C construct: that is horizontal and vertical social relationships. A horizontal society aspires to the values of equality and \nlittle differences in social ranking; whereas a vertical society accepts, or even embraces, ranking and hierarchy. Although little empirical evidence exists, it has logically been assumed that these cultural values correspond with political ideologies. Previous research has found that right of centre voters (i.e.Liberal Party) endorsed individualism, vertical individualism over left of centre voters (i.e. Australian Labor Party (ALP)) (Beccaria, Baczynski, & McIlveen, 2008). An exit poll at the March 2008 Toowoomba Council elections used a survey of voting behaviour, and a modified 20-item Individualism and Collectivism (I-C)scale. Seventy-three voters participated, although voters of minor parties were excluded due to their small numbers, leaving 57 who voted for the Liberal – National Coalition in Australia (Coalition) or the ALP. The \nreliability of the I-C Scale has been notably variable for different samples; and the scale was further modified to gain adequate reliability for this study. Results generally replicated the previous study, where Coalition voters endorsed more individualism than ALP voters, in particular more vertical individualism. ALP voters endorsed more horizontal collectivist values than LP voters
A Study of Photoreceptor-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Complex: Age-Related Changes in Monkeys

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Retinas of 4-, 10-, and 20-year-old monkeys were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Sections from the midperipheral region of every retina were selected for comparison. Although no significant differences were found between 4- and 10-year-old retinas, four major changes were found in 20-year-old monkey retinas: (i) increased number of displaced photoreceptor cells (DPC), (ii) increased number of macrophages of different morphology in subretinal space, (iii) increase in pigment granules in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and (iv) altered morphology of Muller cells. DPC included both rods and cones. Their location and morphology depended on the stage of their displacement. These cells were usually oval or rounded in shape and were found either among the outer segments of other photoreceptor cells, having stalks extending into the outer nuclear layer, or were located in the subretinal space and had no stalk. A narrow space around the DPC stalks, indicating a change in the intercellular connection between photoreceptor cells and Muller cells, was observed. Furthermore, the Muller cells related to DPC had shortened and markedly reduced microvilli. Two types of macrophages were found in the subretinal space of aged monkey retinas. One type was similar in morphology to RPE cells. Some of these cells were noticed detaching from RPE. Other types of macrophages were nonpigmented. The modifications in RPE were closely related to the changes in the associated neuroretina. The RPE cells in aged retina were devoid of microvilli or had a few thin microvilli. The pleomorphic pigment granules were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. These cells varied in their size, shape, and surface features. These changes could significantly alter the retinal metabolic equilibrium and may be indicative of age related degenerative processes.
Oversampling sigma-delta modulator stabilized by two local nonlinear feedback loop techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The proposed scheme relates to techniques called "local nonlinear feedback loop (LNFL)" and "enhanced-LNFL" for stabilization of oversampling sigma-delta modulators. SDM stabilized by LNFL or enhanced-LNFL techniques avoids the instability limitation without SNR degradation. Besides, both proposed approaches to suppress the signal's swing range can be applied to various configurations of SDMs, such as multiple-loop and single-loop structures, for high stability and low power VLSI applications.
Extracellular Polysaccharides and Classification of the Genus Lipomyces

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY: Strains classified as Lipomyces lipoferus and L. starkeyi produce specific extracellular acidic heteropolysaccharides. The polymer from L. lipoferus contains mannose and glucuronic acid; the polymer from L. starkeyi contains, in addition, galactose and a trisaccharide. This trisaccharide is composed of mannose and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio 1:2. The difference in polysaccharide composition may be the most significant physiological basis yet discovered for separation of species in the genus Lipomyces.
Efficacy and Safety of the Trastuzumab Biosimilar Candidate CT-P6

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Trastuzumab is an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers. Despite its clinical efficacy, access to the biological drug can be limited due to its relatively high price, especially in low-income countries. CT-P6 (Herzuma®) is a biosimilar candidate of originator or 'reference' trastuzumab, which may offer an alternative, more cost-effective treatment option. This article reviews the unmet needs of patients eligible to receive reference trastuzumab and the potential place of a trastuzumab biosimilar within the market. The review also summarizes the available clinical evidence supporting the biosimilarity of CT-P6 and reference trastuzumab with respect to pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety and immunogenicity.
The Legality of a Jewish State: A Century of Debate over Rights in Palestine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In The Legality of a Jewish State, the author traces the diplomatic history that led to the partition of Palestine in 1948 and the creation of Israel as a state. He argues that the fate of Palestine was not determined on the basis of principle, but by the failure of legality. In focusing on the lawyer-diplomats who pressed for and against a Jewish state at the United Nations, he offers an explanation of the effort in 1947-48 by Arab states at the UN to gain a legal opinion from the International Court of Justice about partition and the declaration of a Jewish state. Their arguments at that time may surprise a twenty-first-century reader, touching on issues that are still at the heart of the contemporary conflict in the Middle East
[Ventricular tachycardia of ischemic origin. Surgical treatment by encircling thermo-exclusion using the Nd-Yag laser].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Refractory and recurrent ventricular tachycardias are a common cause of death after myocardial infarction. The occurrence of intraventricular re-entries can be prevented by a new surgical treatment based on encircling thermic exclusion. The Nd-YAG laser beam offers 2 major advantages over previous techniques: it acts rapidly with minimal myocardial damage and can even be used in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
The linear canonical W-transform

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The time-frequency spectrum of seismic data is commonly used as an attribute in the analysis and interpretation of nonstationary seismic signals. To improve the capability of the W-transform to analyze nonstationary data, we introduce the linear canonical W-transform (LCWT) by implementing an affine matrix along with scaling parameters to generate high resolution and energy-concentrated time-frequency spectra. More features of nonstationary signals can be explored in the time-linear canonical frequency domain by transforming the time-frequency plane, which makes the algorithm more applicable to seismic signals. For the completeness of the LCWT, we also develop the inverse LCWT to extend its applications. Examples of synthetic and field seismic data show that a highly resolved and energy-concentrated time-frequency spectrum can be estimated with the LCWT with negligible additional computational burden. In addition, our algorithm is promising for several seismic data processing and interpretation techniques, such as reservoir characterization and thin layer identification.