jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A minimum sensitivity approach to incentive design problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we introduce the notion of "robust" incentive schemes in multi-agent decision problems with a hierarchical decision structure, and discuss derivation of such policies by minimizing, in addition to the usual (standard) Stackelberg performance indices, an appropriate sensitivity function. Such an approach has applications in decision problems wherein the leader does not know the exact values of some parameters characterizing the follower's cost functional, and seeks to robustify his optimum policy in the presence of deriations from the nominal values. An in-depth analysis of such incentive design problems is provided, and some concrete analytical results are obtained for general cost functionals with a convex structure. The results are then applied to an incentive design problem arising in economics, leading to some meaningful robust incentive policies.
Does Value Leverage Pay off? A Model for Measuring Value-Leverage Capabilities in Automotive Large-Scale System Integrators

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Trends in the car and aircraft manufacturing industry showed an evolution in the configuration and management of the production network. For instance, the aerospace manufacturing industry tended to be a closed system, competing on scale of production and focusing on maximization of own profit. Nowadays the automotive companies are developing open systems under the influence of globalization, outsourcing, and co-creation of value. Doing this with suppliers causes a shift of value from the focal firm to the supply chain, creating a value levering position for the so-called large-scale system integrator (LSSI). The leverage of value on suppliers introduces the value-leverage capability of the LSSI company. The capability of the LSSI to balance continuation, conception, and configuration is crucial for (long-term) profitability and competitive position. To express the value-leverage capabilities, the authors propose the variables “turnover per employee” (T/E), “research and development per employee” (RD/E), and “profit per employee” (P/E), whose (inter) relationship determines the capabilities.
Effect of fuelwood plantations on some properties of sodic wastelands.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

GARG, V.K. & JAIN, R.K. 1996. Effect of fuelwood plantations on some properties of sodic wastelands. Afield experiment was conducted at the Biomass Research Centre in Banthra, India with the objective to assess changes in sodic soil characteristics through addition of litterfall and root growth of Dalbergia sissoo and Terminalia arjuna plantations. The results showed an alteration in the physical and chemical properties of the sodic wastelands by the decreasing soil pH and ESP values and increasing organic carbon contents of the soils, more under the former than the latter species after a decade. There was a decrease in bulk density from 1.8 to 1.5 (10s kg m :1) but an increase in soil porosity from 40 to 48% and water holding capacity from 2.9 to 4.5 g kg'1 at the surface (15 cm) layer under D. sissoo. Production of total litter mass was estimated at 5.0 and 5.4 tha 'yr1 for D. sissoo and T. arjuna respectively. Leaf litter played an important role in the circulation of nutrients by these species and higher amounts of N (88 kg ha'1) and K (25 kg ha') would be returned by the former, and Ca (64 kg ha1) andMg (47 kg ha1) by the latter species. Return ofP (6-7 kg ha1) was minimum by the leaf litter of both species. The amount of nutrient recycled by leaf litter was in the order of N>Ca>Mg>K>P. The study also indicated that D. sissoo, being capable of producing wider root spread and deep penetration, ameliorates sodic soils more efficiently than T. arjuna which has a poor fibrous and fine feeder root system.
A Predator--2 Prey Fast--Slow Dynamical System for Rapid Predator Evolution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider adaptive change of diet of a predator population that switches its feeding between two prey populations. We develop a novel 1 fast--3 slow dynamical system to describe the dynamics of the three populations amidst continuous but rapid evolution of the predator's diet choice. The two extremes at which the predator's diet is composed solely of one prey correspond to two branches of the three-branch critical manifold of the fast--slow system. By calculating the points at which there is a fast transition between these two feeding choices (i.e., branches of the critical manifold), we prove that the system has a two-parameter family of periodic orbits for sufficiently large separation of the time scales between the evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Using numerical simulations, we show that these periodic orbits exist, and that their phase difference and oscillation patterns persist, when ecological and evolutionary interactions occur on comparable time scales. Our model also exhibits periodic orbits that agree qualitatively with oscillation patterns observed in experimental studies of the coupling between rapid evolution and ecological interactions.
Optimal VPP operation strategy in liberalized electricity markets

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The concept of the virtual power plants (VPPs) in smart grids is receiving a great deal of attention because of the following two potentials. One is that the virtual power plant can secure the power system by controlling the power for customers participating in the demand response program and the energy storage systems in order to maintain the power system operation. The other is that the virtual power plant can effectively integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) with the power system to increase the penetration level of RESs and provide different types of auxiliary services for system operations. Although the virtual power plant is of benefit to the power system, it would also be beneficial for VPPs operators to be able to quantify the earnable profit of such an operation. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for determining the maximum profit for virtual power plants in liberalized electricity markets through optimal power flow by controlling the power for customers participating in the demand response program and the energy storage systems in the presence of RESs. With the proposed method, business owners can more effectively operate VPPs. The test results of a modified IEEE 37-node feeder test system are presented.
Theory to Practice in Instructional Design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As we enter the third decade of online learning, the underlying theoretical frameworks of the theory of transactional distance and the theory/model of the community of inquiry continue to be extremely relevant to the field. It is on top of these frameworks that we continue to explore the key design factors one must consider within instructional design for distance education. The ideas of audience, learner control, dialogue, and costs/return on investment remain central to our design decisions. However, in today’s designs, we also need to explore the re-emerging concepts of personalization and adaptive learning.
Biochemical recurrence rates are similar for pT2-positive surgical margins and pT3a

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Positive surgical margin and the global Gleason score are significant risk factors for biochemical recurrence post-radical prostatectomy, regardless of the extent of the surgical margin, the extent of the extraprostatic extension, or the local Gleason score of the positive surgical margin or extraprostatic tissue. pT2R1 disease behaves as pT3R0 and should be treated similarly.
High-resolution x-ray diffraction study of single crystals of lead zirconate titanate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The symmetry of single-crystal piezoelectric PbZr${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Ti${}_{x}$O${}_{3}$, with $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.31$ and $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.46$, has been investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, both at room temperature and up to and above the Curie temperature. Reciprocal space maps around a selection of Bragg reflections were collected and self-consistent patterns showing Bragg splittings were observed. The analysis of the separation of peaks from different twin domains provides precise information on PbZr${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Ti${}_{x}$O${}_{3}$ symmetry when approaching the morphotropic phase boundary at $x=0.48$ from the zirconium-rich side.
Appendicitis in a Preterm Infant with Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of appendicitis and incarcerated inguinal hernia in a preterm triplet with Enterococcus faecalis sepsis. After a course of antibiotic treatment for three days, the four week old boy presented with a distended abdomen and right groin swelling due to a suspected incarcerated hernia. Surgical examination revealed an incarcerated inflamed appendix inside an inguinal hernia.
Mathematical Modelling as a Culture Dynamizing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within international research mathematical modelling process introduction into classrooms has been defended by several implications it has towards learning, motivation, and attitude in mathematics. In particular, Blum and Borrome-Ferri (2009) state that by means of modelling students can understand better contexts in which they operate; mathematics learning (motivation, understanding, etc.) is supported and development of certain skills, attitudes and right perceptions towards mathematics is promoted. This paper presents results of a qualitative case study in which five students from a rural educational institution took part. The students motivated for making sense in mathematics beyond classroom were committed, with help of teacher, to observe mathematical relationships involved in coffee farming. Initially, students were involved in discussion about influence that terrain slope (mountain) might have on amount of that can be planted. Discussions of students showed that there were certain insights about areas where it was considered the bigger area more trees (regardless of slope). Through experimental work, references, discussion with other students and comparison with teacher and technical experts in agriculture; students were able to develop other ideas based on number of in a field, depending on area and its slope. Some ideas of Euclidean geometry were and other characteristics from orthogonal projections emerged in study. The results of this research allowed observing when students engage in study of phenomena, not only interpret and (re)construct mathematical models, but also (re)constitute their considerations facing same phenomenon itself that then turns into a prominent factor to transformation or dynamization of some features of micro-culture. According to D'Ambrosio (2005), culture is linked to explanation systems, philosophies, theories and daily actions and behaviors that create communities in contextual situations. Thus explanations these communities give to their context are transferred over time. This research creates evidence of way some ideas related to coffee context were mobilized through a mathematical modelling process. References Blum, W., & Borromeo-Ferri, R. (2009). Mathematical modelling: Can it be taught and learnt? Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Application, 1 (1), 45-58. D' Ambrosio, U. (2005). Sociedade, cultura, matematica e seu ensino. Educacao e Pesquisa , 31 (1), 99-120.
Draft Genome Sequences of Agrobacterium nepotum Strain 39/7 T and Agrobacterium sp. Strain KFB 330

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Tumorigenic strains of Agrobacterium spp. are responsible for crown gall disease of numerous plant species. We present here draft genome sequences of nonpathogenic Agrobacterium nepotum strain 39/7 T (CFBP 7436 T , LMG 26435 T ), isolated from crown gall tumor on Prunus cerasifera , and tumorigenic Agrobacterium sp. strain KFB 330 (CFBP 8308, LMG 28674), isolated from galls on raspberry.
Hierarchical Modeling and Control of Discrete Event Control Systems based on Rule Description Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new approach: rule description method, is proposed for discrete event control systems (DECS) modeling in order to reduce the exponential complexity existing in design and implementation of DECS. In the method, objects of a system are divided into two or more layers according to their constitution and dependency. In hierarchical structure of DECS, the overall control task of a DECS is divided into two or more subtasks and distributed into supervisors of all-layer objects. Logic rule expression, which is similar to natural language, is adopted to describe internal logic relation of the controlled system. Message is used to transfer logic control relation between objects of high and low level. Rule description method is easy for technicians to understand, grasp and apply. Procedure of system design and implementation using this method for three-layer DECS modeling are introduced. An example is used to illustrate the method.
Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA depicts profiling of brain metastasis in NSCLC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Brain metastasis (BM) genetically diverges from the primary tumor in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, accurately capturing clinically relevant alterations is pivotal for the delivery of targeted therapies. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing has emerged as a promising liquid biopsy in the biomarker‐based clinical management of recurrent and extracranial metastatic NSCLC. However, the absence of simultaneous sequencing data from brain metastatic sites prevents the definitive evaluation of the efficacy of ctDNA in representing genetic profiles in BM. Here, we performed parallel genomic comparisons between matched BM and primary tumor DNA, plasma ctDNA, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ctDNA. The results indicated that CSF ctDNA had a greater ability than plasma ctDNA to comprehensively represent the mutational landscape of BM, with CSF ctDNA detecting all BM mutations in 83.33% of patients, while plasma ctDNA was only 27.78%. Mutant allele frequency (MAF) in CSF ctDNA was highly correlated with the tumor size of BM ( r = 0.95), and the mean MAF in CSF ctDNA was higher than that in plasma ctDNA (38.05% vs. 4.57%, respectively). MAF and tumor mutational burden in CSF ctDNA were strongly associated with those in BM ( r = 0.96 and 0.97, respectively). Of note, CSF ctDNA had significantly higher concordance with BM than plasma ctDNA (99.33% vs. 67.44%), facilitating the identification of clinically relevant mutations. Moreover, we found that plasma ctDNA has stronger profiling performance, with a concordance of 93.01% in multiple brain metastases, equivalent to CSF ctDNA. Collectively, our study indicates that CSF ctDNA is superior to plasma ctDNA in accurately representing the profiling of single BM. Plasma ctDNA could be an alternative liquid biopsy material to be applied in multiple brain metastatic NSCLC.
Fatty Acid Hydrolysis of Acyl Marinobactin Siderophores by Marinobacter Acylases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The marine bacteria Marinobacter sp. DS40M6 and Marinobacter nanhaiticus D15-8W produce a suite of acyl peptidic marinobactin siderophores to acquire iron under iron-limiting conditions. During late-log phase growth, the marinobactins are hydrolyzed to form the marinobactin headgroup with release of the corresponding fatty acid tail. The bntA gene, a homologue of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine acylase gene, pvdQ, was identified from Marinobacter sp. DS40M6. A bntA knockout mutant of Marinobacter sp. DS40M6 produced the suite of acyl marinobactins A-E, without the usual formation of the marinobactin headgroup. Another marinobactin-producing species, M. nanhaiticus D15-8W, is predicted to have two pvdQ homologues, mhtA and mhtB. MhtA and MhtB have 67% identical amino acid sequences. MhtA catalyzes hydrolysis of the apo-marinobactin siderophores as well as the quorum sensing signaling molecule, dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone. In contrast to hydrolysis of the suite of apo-marinobactins by MhtA, hydrolysis of the iron(III)-bound marinobactins was not observed.
Cryogenic Two-Phase Flow During Chilldown

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work describes an experimental investigation of the transient two-phase flow behavior of liquid nitrogen flowing through a pipeline during the chilldown process. The evaporation process and flow regime transitions were observed during chilldown. Initially pure vapor is observed in the visual test section. Then a moving film boiling front is observed to move through the test section. The length of the film boiling front appears to be very small compared with the length of the facility pipeline. After the film boiling front passes through the test section, a very high velocity stratified two-phase flow appears with a small liquid film thickness. As the pipeline is chilled, the film thickness grows. It appears that the high velocity two-phase flow suppresses nucleate boiling, and the dominant heat transfer mechanism is two-phase bulk turbulent convection. Evaporation occurs at the liquid/vapor interface. A high-speed video camera is used to observe the flow regime transitions during the transient chilldown process. Flow regime comparisons have been made with the Steiner [1], Kattan-Thome-Favrat [2], and Baker [3] flow regime maps.
Noncovalent Cross-Linking of Casein by Epigallocatechin Gallate Characterized by Single Molecule Force Microscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Interaction of the tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with beta-casein in milk affects the taste of tea and also affects the stability of the tea and the antioxidant ability of the EGCG. In addition, interaction of polyphenols with the chemically similar salivary proline-rich proteins is largely responsible for the astringency of tea and red wine. With the use of single molecule force microscopy, we demonstrate that the interaction of EGCG with a single casein molecule is multivalent and leads to reduction in the persistence length of casein as calculated using the wormlike chain model and a reduction in its radius of gyration. The extra force required to stretch casein in the presence of EGCG is largely entropic, suggesting that multivalent hydrophobic interactions cause a compaction of the casein micelle.
Structures Investment and Economic Growth: A Long-term International Comparison

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Interest has grown again in recent years about the long-term and cyclical nature of building investment and its effect on the macroeconomy. This paper investigates the nature of building trends and cycles from the 19th century to the present day for eight major OECD economies. Focusing predominantly on non-housing structures, the Kalman filter is used to decompose the series into trends and cycles. It was found that building cycles exist in all countries, though with considerable variation. Comparisons of volatility between countries and between the different types of fixed investment are made. The long-run share of fixed investment in structures as a proportion of national income is investigated. Consideration is given to whether international building investment trends are coincident, and an analysis made of the long-term correlation between structures investment cycles.
Human bocavirus single infections and co-infections with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rotavirus in children with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been reported in the respiratory and stool samples in pediatric infections. The aims of study were to find the correlation between of HBoV single and co-infections in respiratory and gastrointestinal cases. This report was in the period 2017–2018 that involved children less than 3 years old, who admitted to Mofid Children's Hospital in the center of Iran in Tehran. At first, the respiratory and stool samples tested for the RSV and Rotavirus by RT-PCR respectively and then all samples tested for the NP-1 gene of HBoV by PCR. The 67 out of 500 respiratory samples (13.4%) and 72 out of 500 stool samples (14.4%) were positive of HBoV. The 44 (65.6%) of respiratory samples have co-infection with RSV and 45 (62.5%) of stool samples have co-infection with Rotavirus. The HBoV infections emerged often as co-infections with other viral agents.
Light Propagation Characteristics of Meridian and Surrounding Non-meridian Tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to the principle of light propagation,an automatic measurement system for scattering light survey of meridian and surrounding non-meridian at 808 nm central wavelength was designed and the effect of laser power on light decay rate of tissue were discussed.The diffusion theory of light transporting in biological tissues was used to analyze the experimental results.The results showed that there were statistical differences between meridian and surrounding non-meridian(P0.05).We also found the differences in optical parameters that the average attenuation factor value of pericardium meridian was lower than spleen meridian.In this article,our study showed laser power had no influence on attenuation of light in biological tissues that proved the attenuation is determined by tissue optical characteristics.
Evaluation of Assamese Speech Data Transcriptions by Levenshtein Distance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large quantity of speech data is essential to develop speech technologies and natural language processing. This paper describes the experiences of LDC-IL in the evaluation of Assamese Speech corpus. An application was designed to evaluate the errors in transcription of speech data. The application evaluates the error rate of transcriptions based on Levenshtein Distance. The operation is conducted for the quality assurance of the speech data.
Research Excellence and Evaluation Using a CRIS: A Cross-institutional Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes the preparation of King's College London for the Research Excellence Framework (REF), a major UK research evaluation exercise. King's is a large multi-campus, multi-faculty institution, submitting to the majority of the REF Units of Assessment (UoAs). The preparation of REF data was substantially managed via a commercial CRIS system, Pure, developed by Elsevier (Atira), which was implemented in stages at King's during 2012-3. Both during the submission preparation and after completion, views were taken on the benefits and issues with the use of Pure for the REF across a wide spectrum of the College. The views of users are presented in this paper from different perspectives, including that of senior management, with an analysis of the differing behavior of UoAs across the College.
LHD echpw #182305.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Injection power of gyrotron in the electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system with four horizontal port antennas (2-OUR (77GHz), 2-OLL (154GHz), 2-OUL(154GHz) and 2-OLR (154/116GHz)) and two top port antennas (5.5-Uout (77GHz) and 1.5-U (56GHz)).