jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MEVITEM—a phase I/II trial of vismodegib + temozolomide vs temozolomide in patients with recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma with Sonic Hedgehog pathway activation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Vismodegib specifically inhibits Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). We report results of a phase I/II evaluating vismodegib + temozolomide (TMZ) in immunohistochemically defined SHH recurrent/refractory adult medulloblastoma. Methods TMZ-naïve patients were randomized 2:1 to receive vismodegib + TMZ (arm A) or TMZ (arm B). Patients previously treated with TMZ were enrolled in an exploratory cohort of vismodegib (arm C). If the safety run showed no excessive toxicity, a Simon’s 2-stage phase II design was planned to explore the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Stage II was to proceed if arm A PFS-6 was ≥3/9 at the end of stage I. Results A total of 24 patients were included: arm A (10), arm B (5), and arm C (9). Safety analysis showed no excessive toxicity. At the end of stage I, the PFS-6 of arm A was 20% (2/10 patients, 95% unilateral lower confidence limit: 3.7%) and the study was prematurely terminated. The overall response rates (ORR) were 40% (95% CI, 12.2-73.8) and 20% (95% CI, 0.5-71.6) in arm A and B, respectively. In arm C, PFS-6 was 37.5% (95% CI, 8.8-75.5) and ORR was 22.2% (95% CI, 2.8-60.0). Among 11 patients with an expected sensitivity according to new generation sequencing (NGS), 3 had partial response (PR), 4 remained stable disease (SD) while out of 7 potentially resistant patients, 1 had PR and 1 SD. Conclusion The addition of vismodegib to TMZ did not add toxicity but failed to improve PFS-6 in SHH recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma. Prediction of sensitivity to vismodegib needs further refinements.
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy in Three Filipino Families

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report five Filipino male children from three families with the childhood cerebral form of adrenoleukodystrophy. All patients demonstrated deterioration in mental and developmental skills with onset of symptoms ranging from 6 to 9 years of age. Diagnosis was confirmed by elevated very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) levels and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Carrier testing was carried out. Genetic counseling was performed on families, thereby aiding them to cope and accept the diagnosis.
Circular birefringence of an atom in uniform rotation: The classical perspective

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent quantum analyses of the dynamics of a static field-free atom in uniform rotation have shown that the atom exhibits optical asymmetries in its interaction with left and right circularly polarized light that are strictly forbidden in an inertial reference frame. The chiral asymmetries derive from a rotationally induced splitting of inertially degenerate magnetic substates. A classical mechanical treatment of the problem given in this article shows that the same phenomena may be interpreted in terms of the differential influence of the Coriolis ‘‘pseudo’’ force on particle orbits of opposite sense. In addition to being the source of some unusual optical effects, the atom in uniform rotation is a system conceptually interesting for its inequivalent (a) kinetic and canonical dynamical variables, and (b) energy and Hamiltonian. The system is illustrative of the converse of Larmor’s theorem whereby a field-free rotating frame simulates the physics of an inertial frame with static magnetic field.
Impact of Explants, Plant Growth Regulators and their Interaction on Micropropagation of Impatiens balsamina, L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study is to improve the propagation of Impatiens balsamina, L by an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation was successfully established through tissue culture technique. Cotyledonary node with sections of cotyledon, section of cotyledons and hypocotyls were derived from 21 days in vitro germinating seeds after surface sterilization. They were cultured for shoot multiplication and callus induction on MS medium fortified with various concentrations of BAP, TDZ or combination between BAP and NAA. It was determined that cotyledonary node with sections of cotyledon on MS medium supplemented with 4.5 mg/L BAP for maximum shoots number (4.33shoots) and callus induction 3.78. The best shoot length (3.08 cm) within 8 weeks from regeneration was achieved on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA. The number of shoots formed per explants increased by re-culturing for six weeks on the same medium (4.5 mg/L BAP alone), since it produced (9 shoots). While the best shoot length (4cm) was obtained by sub culturing the explants on MS medium received 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA to MS without growth regulators after six weeks. The best callus fresh weight (9.32 g) and callus volume (7.76 cm3) were recorded with using TDZ at 3.0 mg/L that sub cultured on medium fortified with 4.5 mg/L BAP. In addition the highest dry weight (0.81 g) was obtained by re - culturing on the same medium that contained with 4.5 mg/L BAP.
Students’ Experiences with the Science and Engineering Practices in a Workshop-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a phenomenographic investigation on students' experiences about research and poster presentations in a workshop-based undergraduate research experience with a focus on how the experience connects to the Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs) of the NRC A Framework for K-12 Science Education and the principles of CUREs. This provides insight into how these structured research experiences reflect particular SEPs and also elements of scientific practice that are not captured in the SEPs as they have been formulated previously. This work showcases the importance of future applications, failure, and creativity as additional science practices necessary for students to engage in authentic science. The SEPs and the additional elements of scientific practice are related to how students experience meaningful learning in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. Students highlighted the components of CUREs: importance of contributing relevant discoveries as a motivation for their research, the value of repetition and iteration in ensuring reliable and valid results, and the role of collaboration in seeing new perspectives and solving problems. As a result of presenting their results through a poster, students reported deeper understanding of their research topic, increased ability to articulate scientific concepts, and a better understanding of how to create a visually appealing poster. Students changed the vocabulary they used in their presentations to fit the knowledge level of their audience and highlighted their data in figures and explained other parts of their work in text. Moreover, they saw the poster as an outlet for their creativity.
Vaccination studies of aspergillosis in turkeys: Subcutaneous inoculation with several vaccine preparations followed by aerosol challenge exposure

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Five vaccines were prepared from an isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus: a culture filtrate vaccine (I), a spore vaccine (II), a mycelial vaccine (III), and 2 germling vaccines (IV and V). The 2 germling vaccines were produced on different media. Two experiments were conducted to test the vaccines for efficacy in groups of 21 turkey poults by giving each bird 2 subcutaneous inoculations of the respective vaccine at 1 and 2 weeks of age. The birds were challenge exposed to an aerosol of spores of A fumigatus at 1 month of age. The 2 experiments differed only in the challenge exposure. In experiment 1, 38% of the poults were protected when vaccinated with an A fumigatus germling vaccine (IV) and challenge exposed with a dose of aerosolized A fumigatus spores that killed 100% of the nonvaccinated controls. Onset of postchallenge-exposure deaths were delayed by 2 days in the turkeys given vaccine IV. In experiment 2, 48% of the poults were protected when given germling vaccine IV, whereas 62% to 86% of the poults in the nonvaccinated and 3 other vaccine groups died. In experiment 2, 50% of the poults given a mycelial vaccine (III) were protected. Torticollis was a frequent sign of the disease in experiment 2.
Exploring Depression and Coping Strategies among the Widowed and Divorced Working Women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present investigation was designed to explore the prevalence of depression among single married working women (widow and divorced) to see the relationship between tribal and non-tribal with special focus on their coping strategies. The data was collected from 100 widowed and divorced women (50=divorced; 50=widows). In both the groups of women, 25 were tribal and non-tribal women in each group. The correlational analysis was done to find out the relationship of depression, and coping strategies between the above mentioned groups. The results also indicate that depression is significantly higher among widow than the divorced participants both in case of tribal and non-tribal than the divorce tribal and non-tribal and as well the coping style is significantly better and effective in case of divorced tribal and non-tribal than the widow tribal and non-tribal. Therefore, the results indicate that better the coping style lower the depression.
FIGURES 9–14 in New species and new records of Tetranychidae (Acarina, Prostigmata) from Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURES 9–14. Schizotetranychus krungthepensis sp. nov., female. 9, tarsus and tibia I; 10, tarsus and tibia II; 11, empodium; 12, palptarsus; 13, flap and anterogenital area; 14, Peritreme.
Clinical impact of a prediction score for drug-resistance in community-onset pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Use of HCAP criteria for predicting drug-resistance in community-onset pneumonia results in overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We derived and validated an alternative prediction tool (DRIP) (Webb AAC 2016) and integrated it into an electronic decision support tool used in 4 U.S. hospitals. Aims Compare DRIP to HCAP for prediction of drug-resistance and evaluate antibiotic usage and outcomes in a prospective implementation study. Methods Physician use of the electronic tool and calculation of DRIP was optional. For DRIP ≥4 anti-pseudomonal, vancomycin and azithromycin therapy was recommended. We identified two concurrent cohorts from 11/2014 to 10/2015: 1) cases where DRIP was calculated and 2) usual care. We compared observed rates of antibiotic use between groups and used logistic regression to severity adjust outcomes. Results DRIP and usual care comprised 894 and 324 inpatients. Drug resistance incidence was 2.4% and 4%. Severity was higher for usual care. Compared to HCAP, DRIP demonstrated equivalent sensitivity but better specificity. Inadequate therapy was <1% in both groups. Relative reduction in unnecessary broad spectrum use (25.9% p=0.008) was observed in the DRIP group. DRIP was associated with decreased length of stay (LOS) (coeff – 0.147; upper 95% CI – 0.137; p < 0.001). Odds of in-hospital mortality did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.643; upper 95% CI 1.04; p = 0.063). Conclusion DRIP use was associated with reduced unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use and LOS, without increased inadequate therapy or mortality.
Central pre‐ and postsynaptic monoamine receptors in antidepressant therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Activation of postsynaptic noradrenergic α 1 ‐receptors may be involved in the mediation of psychomotor activating effects of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs. On the other hand, the pronounced sedative properties of some TCA drugs seem to be correlated with their α 1 ‐receptor blocking capacity. The presynaptic α 2 ‐receptors probably mediate the feed back inhibition of central NE neurons seen after administration of TCA drugs, particularly the secondary amines. Yet other antidepressants such as mianserin are potent antagonists at central α 2 ‐receptors, a phenomenon which can even cause activation of brain NE neurons and form a basis for their therapeutic action. β‐Receptor activation in the brain is also suggested to participate in the therapeutic effect of several drugs, e.g. mianserin and the putative antidepressant agent salbutamol, a β 2 ‐ receptor agonist. A reduced central β‐receptor activation may, accordingly, contribute to depressive symptoms associated with treatment with β‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs, both by their action per se as well as by secondary effects on the monoamine systems, which we recently have demonstrated. Facilitation of brain 5‐HT neurotransmission seems to be achieved with several TCA drugs not only via inhibition of reuptake but also through sensitization of postsynaptic 5‐HT receptors, developing during repeated treatment. In contrast the “presynaptic” 5‐HT receptors do not show increased sensitivity during chronic TCA drug treatment, thus allowing for an enhanced synaptic effect of 5‐HT induced by TCA drugs.
Construction of Estimation Regions for the Parameters of Explicit Functional Relationships

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Assuming that some explicit functional relationship acts as a mathematical model we consider the case that we are given a finite set of hypercuboids, each of which contains at least one point of the true functional relationship with a certain given probability. We present a procedure to construct sets for the unknown parameters and probabilities for the event that those contain the true parameter value. The procedure is illustrated by an example from pharmaceutical technology.
Epidemiological profile of pain and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use in collegiate athletes in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although athletic endeavours are associated with a high amount of physical stress and injury, the prevalence of pain is underreported in the sports medicine literature with only a few studies reporting pain on collegiate athletes or exploring sex difference of pain. Impact of pain on athlete availability, training and performance can be mitigated when key epidemiological information is used to inform adequate pain management strategies.This study aims to 1) provide an epidemiological profile of self-reported pain experienced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes by sex during the first half of the 2019 season, 2) describe their self-reported non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. Methods Online survey was completed by athletes at three NCAA institutions from 1 August to 30 September 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe player demographic data, self-reported pain and self-reported NSAID use. Pain incidence proportion were calculated. Results 230 female athletes and 83 male athletes completed the survey. Self-reported pain incidence proportion for female athletes was 45.0 (95% CI 41.5-48.5) vs 34.9 (95% CI 29.4-40.4) for male athletes. Majority of the athletes did not report pain (55% female vs 62% male) during the first half of the 2019 season. Female athletes reported pain in their back (35%), knee (26%), and ankle/foot (23%) whilst male athletes reported pain in their knee (35%), back (28%), and shoulder (24%). Of all athletes, 28% female vs 20% male athletes reported currently taking NSAIDs. Of athletes that reported pain, 46% female vs 38% male athletes currently took NSAIDs. 70% female vs 61% male athletes self-purchased NSAIDs, and 40% female vs 55% male athletes consumed alcohol. Conclusions Half of female athletes and one in three male athletes reported pain. Most commonly back, knee and foot/ankle pain and knee, back and shoulder pain was reported in female and male athletes respectively. One in four female athletes and one in five male athletes use NSAIDs for pain or prophylactic purpose. Majority self-purchase these medications indicating need for health literacy interventions to mitigate potential adverse effects.
Preparing Future Teachers to Respond to Stress: Sources and Solutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The transition from student to teacher has its inherent stressors. However, this situation is exacerated by the abundance of stressors in the teaching profession. Teacher preparation programs may enhance their students' experiences during this transition by positioning them with information regarding the stressors unique to the teaching profession. Teacher preparation programs may help new teachers anticipate common stressors and factors that help mitigate these stressors resulting in lesser "fallout" common to the profession: high attrition, lowered efficacy and burnout. This paper identifies common sources of teacher stress, school-based factors that help mediate stress experienced by teachers, and promising preventive responses for teacher preparation programs.
Competition in Ride-Hailing Service Operations: Impacts on Travel Distances and Service Performance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Competition in the ride-hailing market can influence traffic congestion and deteriorate the quality of service. A customer can request to be matched with a ride-hailing vehicle from their preferred company, which might not be the nearest vacant vehicle. This can increase both the customer’s matching and pick-up waiting time and the vehicle’s travel distance to the customer, and contribute to traffic congestion. Recent studies focus on the long-term competition effect by considering network equilibrium. In this work, we target a shorter timeframe and investigate how competition influences the passenger–driver matching process, the consequent vehicle travel to the customer, and more globally the system at the operational level. To this end, we propose a modeling and simulation framework based on the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD). We apply the so-called M-model, a continuum approximation of the trip-based MFD. Compared with the accumulation-based approach, it explicitly monitors the remaining travel distance of all vehicles. We extend the mathematical M-model decomposition and focus on accurate dynamic estimation of trip lengths for the different vehicle states based on the immediate system state. For this, we suggest creating an additional proxy simulation framework replicating the demand requests and the service vehicle movements. We propose calibrating the matching function by sampling observations on a proxy grid network. Finally, we assess and compare different matching processes that define diverse competition scenarios: competition, cooperation, and competition with partial cooperation (coopetition). The cooperation scenario shows the best results in service performance.
Dipyridamole-thallium imaging: the lazy man's stress test.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dipyridamole-thallium imaging is a relatively safe and accurate method to evaluate myocardial perfusion and "stress." It is independent of patient motivation, exercise capacity and antianginal medications. Overall it detects coronary artery disease as well as exercise thallium and has already shown utility in prognostic determinations. The continued use of this test on a wide scale appears warranted and additional large scale experience needs to be critically evaluated.
Constructing contrastive samples via summarization for text classification with limited annotations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Contrastive Learning has emerged as a powerful representation learning method and facilitates various downstream tasks especially when supervised data is limited. How to construct efficient contrastive samples through data augmentation is key to its success. Unlike vision tasks, the data augmentation method for contrastive learning has not been investigated sufficiently in language tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to construct contrastive samples for language tasks using text summarization. We use these samples for supervised contrastive learning to gain better text representations which greatly benefit text classification tasks with limited annotations. To further improve the method, we mix up samples from different classes and add an extra regularization, named Mixsum, in addition to the cross-entropy-loss. Experiments on real-world text classification datasets (Amazon-5, Yelp-5, AG News, and IMDb) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed contrastive learning framework with summarization-based data augmentation and Mixsum regularization.
Shadow Modernism: Photography, Writing, and Space in Shanghai, 1925–1937. By William Schaefer. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2017. xi, 292 pp. ISBN: 9780822369196 (paper, also available in cloth and as e-book).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Shadow Modernism: Photography, Writing, and Space in Shanghai, 1925–1937. By William Schaefer. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2017. xi, 292 pp. ISBN: 9780822369196 (paper, also available in cloth and as e-book). - Volume 77 Issue 4
ON-FARM PHEASANT ENHANCEMENT POTENTIALS IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The transformation of irrigated agriculture into a capital intensive industry has eroded much of the incidental biological complementarities between wildlife and irrigation development. Wildlife management agencies need to assess the economic impact of enhancement programs upon commercial agriculture. In this paper, opportunity costs of on-farm pheasant enhancement practices are estimated for typical Columbia Basin irrigated farms. These estimates are then compared with two measures of net benefits to established the potential feasibility of on-farm pheasant enhancement programs.
Postoperative Cutaneous Manifestations as the First Presentation of COVID-19 Infection or a Postvaccination Sequel

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Since its first emergence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) took the world by surprise, causing more than two million deaths and 100 million infections to date. The virus’s most prevalent clinical symptoms have become well known, yet the rarer symptoms, on the other hand, need to be more widely recognized. Various studies have reflected the possibilities of potential skin lesions being the presenting signs of COVID-19 infection. Acquaintance with the cutaneous presentations of COVID-19 may help in early diagnosis and management of infected patients. Herein we report two cases that presented for plastic surgical interventions in which skin manifestations were the first indicators of COVID-19 infection or postvaccination sequel. The cases were operated upon in different hospitals by different surgical teams.