jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry and Implications of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks from the Northern Margin of Yangtze Craton

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents Sm-Nd and geochemical data on fine-grained sediments of the north margin from the Yangtze craton, China. Systematic research leads to the following conclusions: (1) Nd isotope composition of the clastic sedimentary rocks from the Middle-Upper Proterozoic has the e_ Nd (t) values of +2.72 to +0.69, with the Nd model ages of 1.40Ga and 1.57Ga, which corresponds to that of the contemporaneous volcanic rocks from Xixiang Group. It indicates that the arc materials from the Proterozoic control the geochemical composition of main provenances of the Middle-Upper Proterozoic sedimentary rocks. (2) The probable provenances of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks are dominantly the recycled products of Proterozoic crust as indicated by the decrease of the e_ Nd (t) with the time. The sedimentary rocks from the Cambrian-Silurian were derived ultimately from a polycyclic mixture of the old continental crust materials from the Kongling strata and arc materials from the Proterozoic volcanic in the north margin of the Yangtze craton. The derivation is markedly of sources relatively more felsic extreme weathering. The geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the provenance of Devonian terrain has changed with the progressively increasing proportions of materials from the Qinling complex by erosion. (3) The more prominent increase in the e_ Nd (t) values of the Upper Permian formation probably reflects the significant incorporation of the mantle-derived materials. The comparison between the data of trace element and the data of EMS indicates that the dust of volcano from EMS was related to the Late Permian strata during the Late Permian when the volcanism, represented by Emeishan flood basalts (251-258) in the south-western margin of the Yangtze block was extremely active.
The Ecology of the Flowers of the Savanna Tree Maranthes Polyandra and their Visitors, with Particular Reference to Bats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1) Nocturnal observations were made on Maranthes polyandra (Chrysobalanaceae), a common tree in the Guinea Savanna zone of West Africa, which shows many adaptations for pollination by bats. (2) The flowers are borne on stiff pedicels in large white inflorescences, and each flower lasts for only one night. The anthers release pollen from about 19.30 hours, and the stigma matures at about 01.00 hours; nectar production is copious. The flowers are produced in the wet season when few other plants are flowering. (3) The small bat Nanonycteris veldkampi (Pteropinae: Megachiroptera) visited the trees frequently for nectar. Feeding visits were sporadic soon after dusk, but became increasingly frequent until about 21.30 hours, after which very frequent visits were observed until dawn. (4) Analysis of the pollen loads of twenty-nine bats showed that Protea elliottii is visited frequently in addition to Maranthes polyandra. The bats probably travel several kilometres during the night. No evidence was obtained for the bats feeding on anything except nectar. (5) Various other visitors such as small insects, hawkmoths, genets and several bird species feed on the nectar or pollen.
Measurement of longitudinal variation of resonant dispersion in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. A complete understanding of the factors influencing ultrashort pulse propagation in erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) is vital to exploit potential applications in all-optical switching and signal processing. In this paper, we report an experimental technique which allows the longitudinal variation in resonant dispersion to be characterised directly. We use frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) to characterise the electric field of the optical pulses before and after propagation in the EDFA. By modelling propagation using a nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) including the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion and gain, a numerical minimisation procedure is used to directly determine the group velocity dispersion (GVD) both as a function of wavelength and distance along the EDFA.
A case of testicular dysgenesis syndrome with squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate harboring a CDK12 mutation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare, and genetic profiling of this disease has not been established yet. Case presentation We present a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with testicular dysgenesis syndrome. The patient was diagnosed with prostate squamous cell carcinoma following intractable dysuria, and his serum prostate‐specific antigen level was low. The patient had multiple lymph node and lung metastases, which led to administration of platinum‐based chemotherapy. Additionally, targeted next‐generation genome sequencing was performed to detect CDK12 mutations. Conclusion Early imaging studies should be considered, even if the patient's prostate‐specific antigen level is low when dysuria persists despite medical treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary squamous cell carcinoma with a CDK12 mutation in a patient with TDS.
Progress of the research on the nereistoxin insecticides

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nereistoxin insecticides as new biomimetic insecticides which were developed in the 1960s have been widely used for preventing and eliminating pest in rice,vegetable and fruit field as its high-effectiveness,low-toxicity and low-residue.In order to give an overview of significance of nereistoxin compounds with insecticidal activities,the structures and biological of nereistoxin,guinesines derivatives are introduced,which are classed according to the different types of pharmacophores.
Numerical Modeling of Second-Phase Particle Effects on Localized Deformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A new finite element analysis based on rate dependent crystal plasticity theory has been developed to investigate the effects of second-phase particles on the initiation and propagation of localized deformation in the form of shear bands. The new model can incorporate electron backscatter diffraction data into finite element analyses. The numerical analysis not only accounts for crystallographic texture (and its evolution) but also accounts for grain morphologies. A unit-cell approach has been adopted where an element or a number of elements of the finite element mesh are considered to represent a single crystal within the polycrystal aggregate. Second-phase particles in the form of finite elements with stiff elastic properties are randomly distributed within the unit cell. Numerical simulations of unixial tension, in-plane plane strain tension, and balanced biaxial tension have been performed by models with and without second-phase particles for a direct chill-cast AA5754 aluminum alloy sheet. The effects of various parameters, such as second-phase particle distribution, texture evolution, and strain paths on particle induced localized deformation patterns, are also investigated.
Managerial overconfidence and M&A performance: evidence from China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We examine the extent to which managerial overconfidence creates value to acquirers in successful M&As undertaken by Chinese listed firms in the period of 2006-2012. The empirical results show that Chinese acquirers gain value in both the short-run and the long-run after the M&A announcement. Our study provides new evidence that the market responds favourably to M&A deals undertaken by acquirers with more managerial overconfidence in both the short-run and the long-run. Our multivariate analyses, however, show that managerial overconfidence has a minimal role in explaining the stock price movement. In addition, we find that firm size is an important determinant for the relationship between overconfidence and market reaction to merger deals. Taken together, we conclude that managerial overconfidence has little effect in driving merger and acquisition deals in China.
Comparison of Histamine Content in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Non‐tumorigenic Melan‐A Melanocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Based on earlier suggestions for a possible involvement of histamine in certain cancers, we compared previously the expression of the histamine‐forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), in B16F10 murine melanoma cells and non‐cancerous murine Melan‐A melanocytes. Consistent with an up‐regulated endogenous histaminergic system in cancer cells, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis for HDC demonstrated markedly greater expression of HDC protein in B16F10 melanoma cells than in the Melan‐A cells. In the present study, we compared the levels of histamine in the two cell types using immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Markedly greater immunofluorescent staining for histamine was observed in B16F10 than in pair‐stained Melan‐A cells. Consistent with these results, histamine levels measured using EIA were 280‐fold higher (p<0.001) in B16F10 (229 + 15 pg/mg protein) than in Melan‐A (0.83 + 0.03 pg/mg protein) cells. Together with previous data, the increased HDC expression and histamine levels within the B16F10 melanoma cells support the presence of a functional, up‐regulated, endogenous histaminergic system in melanoma cells. Further experiments are needed to determine if the up‐regulated endogenous histaminergic system has an important function in melanoma cells to regulate cell migration and invasiveness.
[Penetration of oligo/polynucleotides and their polyalkylating derivatives into rat cells transformed by simian adenovirus DNA].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transport regularity of the [32P]-oligo/polynucleotides and their polyalkylating derivatives into SH2 rat cells transformed with SA7 adenovirus DNA was investigated. Derivatives penetrate the SH2 cells and their distribution in the subcellular fractions are proportional to the concentration of reagent in the medium. The transport efficiency of the derivatives is inhibited sharply with cell concentration increase and practically does not depend on the action of cell metabolism inhibitors. The data obtained assumes the mechanism of the derivatives transport to be liquid endocytosis. Being distributed in the cell components the polyalkylating derivatives were accumulated by the cell nuclei up to 10(5)-10(7) molecules per nucleus. Transport efficiency is much greater in the anchored cells than in the suspended ones. Though essential dephosphorylation of the utilized substances is observed in the SH2 cells, part of them maintain native chain length and the 5'-phosphate group after 1 h incubation in nucleic acids obtained from the cell nuclei.
Evaluation of the need for hospital-based pediatric palliative care in a single center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death for children . Evidence suggests that these children experience substantial suffering from physical and emotional symptoms. Over the past two decades, paediatric palliative care has emerged as an approach that aims to ease suffering for children and their families coping with any life-threatening illness. Our aim is to encourage the expansion of palliative care centers for children with cancer and integration of these into healthcare services to assist clinicians and policy makers in developing services that address these needs. Material and Method: Our study is a single-center retrospective cohort study. The records of 39 patients who were followed up in the pediatric oncology clinic between 2010-2021 and died were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The age of diagnosis of patients was the most in the 6-12 range (n=16; 41%) and the least in the adolescent (n=11; 28.2%) age range. The cause of death was related to a disease in 79.5%. Treatment-related deaths were seen in eight patients, four of which were chemotherapy toxicity, two were engraftment failure in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and two were post-transplant GVHD. 76.9% of the patients died in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: In our study, patients with cancer and those who lost their lives were evaluated retrospectively in terms of symptom load, invasive procedures, and psychosocial needs and the need for end-of-life palliative care. Many studies have confirmed that the timely integration of palliative care into routine oncological care has many advantages, such as improvements in physical and psychological symptoms, quality of life and prognosis, as well as reducing costs. In Turkey, palliative treatment is tried to be provided to late stage pediatric cancer patients by pediatric intensive care units and pediatric oncologists. This both increases the workload of physicians and causes intensive care bed occupation. The development and expansion of palliative care on late stage pediatric cancer patients will contribute significantly to the quality of life of both children and their families.
Interactions in vivo between the proteins of infectious bursal disease virus: capsid protein VP3 interacts with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Little is known about the intermolecular interactions between the viral proteins of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). By using the yeast two-hybrid system, which allows the detection of protein–protein interactions in vivo , all possible interactions were tested by fusing the viral proteins to the LexA DNA-binding domain and the B42 transactivation domain. A heterologous interaction between VP1 and VP3, and homologous interactions of pVP2, VP3, VP5 and possibly VP1, were found by co-expression of the fusion proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The presence of the VP1–VP3 complex in IBDV-infected cells was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Kinetic analyses showed that the complex of VP1 and VP3 is formed in the cytoplasm and eventually is released into the cell-culture medium, indicating that VP1–VP3 complexes are present in mature virions. In IBDV-infected cells, VP1 was present in two forms of 90 and 95 kDa. Whereas VP3 initially interacted with both the 90 and 95 kDa proteins, later it interacted exclusively with the 95 kDa protein both in infected cells and in the culture supernatant. These results suggest that the VP1–VP3 complex is involved in replication and packaging of the IBDV genome.
Effects of Fluoride in the Flux on Hydrogen Content in Weld Metal and Operating Behavior in FCAW-S

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Various fluorides, CaF2, K2SiF6, NaF, and LiF were added to self-shielded flux cored arc welding wires and their effects on the diffusible hydrogen content in the weld metal and the operating behavior were compared. Because of their easier vaporization and active reactions with hydrogen in the arc, K2SiF6, NaF, and LiF were more effective than CaF2 in reducing hydrogen content in weld metals. Even if slag basicity was varied from 1.92 to 2.53 depending on the fluoride added, no clear relationship was observed between the slag basicity and the hydrogen content, implying that a small variation of slag basicity has little influence on the hydrogen content in FCAW-S, which generates a large amount of gas during welding. The wires with K2SiF6, NaF, and LiF gave a more aggressive and violent arc, and resulted in a larger amount of spattering, especially large size spatters, than the wire with CaF2. It is believed that excessive volumes of vaporized gas in the wires with K2SiF6, NaF, and LiF hinder droplet detachment and lead to droplet of larger sizes. Moreover, the wires with K2SiF6, NaF, and LiF produced somewhat rough and irregular surfaces, having a slightly inconsistent bead height and width, resulting in restricted current and voltage ranges within which they can operate satisfactorily. Key words: FCAW-S, Hydrogen, Fluoride, Arc stability
Growth of juvenile Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis fed live and formulated diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Triplicate groups of 3.8-g juvenile Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis were reared for 8 weeks in indoor flow-through systems on one of four diets: a natural diet consisting solely of live tubificid worms, a semimoist practical diet, a dry practical diet, and a purified diet. The formulated diets were prepared in the laboratory and had protein contents of 47-50%. Except for the group fed the purified diet, fish showed high survival (94-96%) and growth (final weight, 41-45 g). Survival and specific growth rate did not differ significantly between groups fed the natural, semimoist, and dry practical diets, but were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower in fish fed the purified diet. Proximate analysis showed that fish fed purified diet had lower protein and lipid levels but a higher moisture content than fish fed other diets. Our results demonstrated that growth and survival of cultured juvenile Chinese sturgeon fed practical diets were comparable with those fed live tubificid worms. However, Chinese sturgeon fed a purified diet showed inferior growth and survival.
Taxonomy, distribution, conservation and uses of Pistacia genetic resources [computer file] : report of a workshop 29-30 June 1995, Palermo, Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taxonomy, distribution, conservation and uses of Pistacia genetic resources [computer file] : report of a workshop 29-30 June 1995, Palermo, Italy , Taxonomy, distribution, conservation and uses of Pistacia genetic resources [computer file] : report... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Interventions with Children of Alcoholics: Is the Focus in the Right Direction?.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School personnel are concerned about the effects of family-of-origin issues on students' academic performance and psychological development. One area that has drawn particular interest in recent years is that of students who are children of alcoholics (COAs). Most literature related to student COAs has emphasized the idea that families with an alcoholic parent are disrupted, and their disruptions are presumed to increase the need for psychological interventions in the schools. Of 12 school-based interventions described in recent literature, 11 were intended to improve psychological functioning. Little consideration has been given, however, to whether student COAs may need different instructional practices as well as psychological support; only one of the 12 interventions emphasized cognitive functioning. Yet, studies have revealed that student COAs tend to score lower than their peers on intelligence tests. They also have more difficulty with visuoLdatial learning tasks. These findings seem to suggest that more attention should be given to meeting the unique cognitive needs of student COAs. This paper will include some suggestions that educators might use to appropriately modify instructional practices for COAs. (Contains 26 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that_ can be made * from the original document. * *******************A;;*A:r**AAi'c*************************************** t Interventions with Children of Alcoholics: Is the Focus in the Right Direction?
Aggregate behavior and lumped kinetics of many reactions in backmixed and plug‐flow reactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The long‐time behavior of a reaction mixture containing infinitely many species in isothermal continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) is analyzed and contrasted with that in a plug‐flow reactor (PFR). The reaction kinetics considered are irreversible first‐order, irreversible coupled pseudo first‐order, and reversible first‐order. Asymptotic lumped kinetics for the mixture as a whole are developed as a function of feed properties and reactor type. Such lumped kinetics in many cases are of the power law form, with the exponent for a CSTR being lower than that for a PFR. Conditions under which non‐power‐law kinetics arise are given. Due to the wide spread of reactor residence times, the mixture in CSTRs admits a much richer variety of asymptotic possibilities than in the PFR. The results uncover some behavioral differences and relationships between CSTRs and a PFR for converting complex mixtures such as petroleum distillates or coal liquids.
Establishment of Kanamycin Resistance-based Construct System for Structural and Functional Analyses of Group I Intron

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Group Ⅰ intron is an ideal molecule for studying the relationship between structure and function of RNAs.They play important roles in interpretation of RNA folding and catalytic mechanism,thus investigation of relationship between structure and function of group Ⅰ intron has become one important subject in this field.This study constructed a system based on kanamycin resistance selection for structural and functional analyses of group Ⅰ intron.Npu Rir group Ⅰ intron from the cyanobacterial ribonucleotide reductase gene of Nostoc punctiforme,was inserted into the kanamycin resistance gene of pDrive to construct pKR12 and then transformed into E.coli cells.Only positive clones in which KanR pre-mRNA splicing and KanR protein expressed can grow on the KanR plates.The results showed that E.coli cells containing pKR12 cannot grow and only precursor band can be detected in RT-PCR products,which means that intron in KanR has no splicing activity.Then Npu Rir intron was subjected to error-prone PCR to generate a random mutations library,followed by screening of kanamycin resistance.RT-PCR detection showed that splicing were occurred in some mutant introns.As the splicing activity of introns is reflected by kanamycin resistance,this system is hopefully to become a simple,fast and efficient method to study group Ⅰ intron and its splicing.
A modeling approach to study the pesticide dynamics to reduce pesticide residues in Japanese green tea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a modeling approach is used to clarify and estimate the exposure pathways of pesticides on tea plantations using a case study of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, and an improvement to the Japanese good agricultural practice (GAP) is proposed. We develop a dynamic compartment model to project the fate and transport of a pesticide after application in accordance with the Japanese GAP. Two pesticides, Azoxystrobin and Clothianidin, were analyzed using the model for a given set of circumstances. The results indicate that the implementation of a fixed preharvest interval time, which is a crucial provision in the GAP, is not appropriate. The reason for this is that the dissipation rates of pesticides in tea leaves vary with the timing of the pesticide application and are influenced by factors specific to the plantation area. The dissipation rates are 1.5–3.9 days for Azoxystrobin and 3.8–9.5 days for Clothianidin. This study also clarifies that incorporating plantation-area-specific factors, such as temperature, in the GAP guidelines are essential to ensure that pesticide residues are lower than the desired level. Furthermore, to produce good-quality and safe green tea, the GAP should provide detailed and precise guidelines for the timing of pesticide application and formulation of the dosage treatment. These guidelines should be determined by considering specific provisions for the harvest times of fresh tea leaves.