jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[New russian myorelaxant vero-pipecuronium (pipecuronium bromide) used for the anesthetic management of operations on the thorax and abdomen organs].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The experience of clinical use of the new Russian myorelaxant of the non-depolarizing action vero-pipecuronium (pipecuronium bromided) manufactured by "Veropharm" is described. Vero-pipecuronium was found to ensure splendid and good conditions for the intubation of the trachea and to maintain reliably myorelaxation. The recommended doses and availability of an antidote (prozerine) provide for a sufficiently controllable myorelaxation. Vero-pipecuronium does not virtually exert any effect on the parameters of hemodynamics and can be successfully used in patients with a high anesthetic risk including heart surgeries. Thus, Russian vero-pipecuronium has now an effective and safe myorelaxant manufactured inside the country, whose parameters are not inferior to those of pipecuronium bromide (arduan) manufactured by "Gedeon Richter", Hungary. Since the described drug is made in Russia, one can hope it will be highly effective both economically and pharmacologically.
Supplementary Data from Phase I Study of Taminadenant (PBF509/NIR178), an Adenosine 2A Receptor Antagonist, with or without Spartalizumab (PDR001), in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Phase I Study of Taminadenant (PBF509/NIR178), an Adenosine 2A Receptor Antagonist, with or without Spartalizumab (PDR001), in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Nanostructured silicon for biomedical application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a process for fabricating reproducible nanostructured silicon materials at low temperatures (<100C) using high density plasma chemical vapor deposition. These films have a column/void network morphology and they can be deposited on glass, on plastics, on metal foils, or even on substrates with previously existing, completed structures or circuits. The films have absorption properties that qualify them for the description " molecular VelcroTM In addition their optical properties can be tailored and they can have very low reflectance with high absorption in the UV. These films can easily be chemically modified and functionalized. In this report we discuss the deposition and morphology of these films. We also outline several bio-medical applications: substrates for cell growth, substrates for mass analysis for proteomics, and sacrificial layer applications for nano-and micro-channel and reaction chamber formation.
Earth Critical Zone: A comprehensive exploration of the Earth's surface processes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Earth Critical Zone (ECZ) is a captivating realm encompassing interconnected processes between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere that influence and support systems for life and shape the surface of our planet. A profound grasp of the ECZ is vital for comprehending the diverse aspects of its properties, such as soil health, plant nutrient cycling, hydrology, environmental protection, ecology, and socioeconomics. In alignment with this vision, an open-access journal, “Earth Critical Zone”, has been inaugurated. This journal provides a valuable platform for scientists and researchers to disseminate their findings, share innovative ideas, and exchange new methodologies related to the intricate processes occurring within the ECZ. In this context, we present a comprehensive overview of the journal's conceptual framework, the current state-of-the-art and emerging areas of research and its focal areas of interest. We extend a warm invitation for the submission of impactful papers. Join us in exploring the dynamic landscapes of the ECZ, wherein the convergence of knowledge and inquiry shapes our understanding of this crucial space within which we live.
LESSONS FROM THE BAN OF TWITTER IN NIGERIA: A TALE OF TWO WRONGS AND A “LOSE-LOSE” SITUATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Freedom of expression suffered a major setback in Nigeria when the federal government placed an indefinite suspension on twitter in the country, much to the displeasure and criticism of many from within and without. Even though Nigerians found an alternative means of accessing the social media application through the use of virtual private networks (VPN), the rippling effect of the ban from the social, political and economic viewpoint leaves much to be desired. After a prolonged tussle between the Nigerian government and the American based company which lasted over 100 days, the government finally agreed to have the ban lifted. This study through the use of secondary data investigates the emerging and contending issues surrounding the suspension. Findings reveal that the entire fiasco was quite avoidable had either of the parties not attempt to test waters.
[Gene diagnostics of acute persistent Leptospira infection].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of clinical trials carried out in different foci have demonstrated high diagnostic value of analysis made with the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at early stages of Leptospira infection caused by infective agents of the serogroups Grippotyphosa, Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. The possibility of leptospiremia lasting considerably longer than heretofore believed to be possible, as well as the persistence of leptospires in the liquor of patients after the acute phase of the disease is over, i.e. during the early and late convalescence periods, has been shown. This is indicative of good prospects of using the PCR analysis not only for early rapid diagnostics of Leptospira infections, but also for controlling the course of the infection, for prognosticating early and late complications of the disease, as well the mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Comparation of Laparoscopic Intersphincteric Resection and Abdominoperineal Resection for Ultra-Low Rectal Cancer Patients - a Retrospective Analysis, and a Meta-analysis of Oncology Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate the surgical and oncology outcomes between laparoscopic Intersphincteric Resection (LISR) and laparoscopic-assisted Abdominoperineal Resection (LARC) for ultra-low rectal cancer patients by using a retrospective analysis, and a meta-analysis of the literature was carried out to further validate the oncology outcome. Patients and methods: Between April 2014 and December 2015, a total of 38 rectal cancer patients who underwent LISR and 41 LARC patients were enrolled in this study. The comparison between the groups was based on clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes. Meta-analysis of published studies, exploring oncology outcome of between LISR and LARC, was carried out using STATA 12.0 software. Results Operating time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complication rates was similar between LISR group and LARC group; Patients undergoing LISR also had a similarly 5-year local recurrence and overall survival rate with LAPR. Meta-analysis showed that five studies, which included a total of 791 patients were final involved for this analysis. Comparing APR, ISR patients obtain similarly 5-years recurrence rate and 5-years survival rate. Conclusion This study suggests that LISR is as technically feasible, safe, and effective as LARC for treating patients with low rectal cancer. Additional high-powered randomized trials are needed to determine whether LISR truly offers any advantages.
Generalized Convex Functions and Their Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on convex functions and their generalized. Thus, we start this study by giving the definition of convex functions and some of their properties and discussing a simple geometric property. Then we generalize E-convex functions and establish some their properties. Moreover, we give generalized $ s $-convex functions in the second sense and present some new inequalities of generalized Hermite-Hadamard type for the class of functions whose second local fractional derivatives of order $ α$ in absolute value at certain powers are generalized $ s $-convex functions in the second sense. At the end, some examples that these inequalities are able to be applied to some special means are showed.
Field Evaluations of Concentrated Spray Applications of Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The application of a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation (Checkmate CM-F) for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in low volume, concentrated sprays was evaluated in a series of small plot and grower trials in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, and pear, Pyrus communis L. Preliminary tests found that MEC sprays applied at 172–207 kilopascals in 12–23 liters/ha deposited the highest density of microcapsules per leaf. The addition of a latex sicker did not increase the deposition of microcapsules. Small plot tests in 2004 compared the effectiveness of two low-volume sprayers against a standard high-volume spray (926 liters/ha) applied at 1,379 kilopascals. Moth catches and fruit injury were significantly lower in plots treated with the low-volume sprays compared with plots treated with the standard sprayer. These results suggest that concentrating the MEC formulation increases the deposition of microcapsules and improves its effectiveness. Larger trials were conducted with a low-volume sprayer in 4-ha plots within commercial apple (2005–2006) and pear orchards (2005) paired with similar plots treated with hand-applied pheromone dispensers. Levels of fruit injury were not significantly different between pheromone treatments in any of the three tests. Moth catches, however, were significantly higher in the MEC- versus the dispenser-treated apple plots in 2005. No difference was found in the fruit injury levels in MEC-treated apple orchards in 2005 caused by irrigation method, but moth catches were significantly higher in overhead versus undertree orchards. The advantages and current limitations of using MEC sex pheromone sprays to supplement current grower’s management strategies for codling moth is discussed.
SOCIAL NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS AND NETWORK SATISFACTION OF PEOPLE WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITIES LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: To understand the social network characteristics and network satisfaction of people with psychiatric disabilities living in the community in Hong Kong. Method: A modified scale was administered to 251 service users attending 5 Community Mental Health Link (LINK) Services measuring the above variables. Findings: The study suggested that people with psychiatric disabilities living in the community have a small social network. Moreover, network satisfaction is related to network size and physical proximity. The results are discussed in terms of their consistency with overseas findings and the implications for social work practice in network building for people with psychiatric disabilities. Conclusion: The results provided an initial understanding of social network characteristics and network satisfaction of service users receiving LINK service, with particular reference to network size and physical proximity. 目的：探討本地精神病康復者的社交網絡特質及他們對社交網絡的滿意程度。方法： 共251名來自5個「精神健康連網」的服務使用者填寫一份問卷，量度他們的社交網絡特質及對社交網絡的滿意程度。結果： 在社區生活的精神病康復者的社交網絡較小，而他們對社交網絡的滿意程度與其網絡的大小及地域的距離有明顯的關係。研究結果與海外的研究結果一致，爲社會工作實務上提供初步的討論。結論： 研究結果爲探討精神病康復者社交網絡的特質及他們對社交網絡的滿意程度提供初步的了解，更爲研究網絡的大小及地域的距離提供參考。.
The influence of atopy and asthma on immune responses in inner‐city adults

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Asthma in the inner-city population is usually atopic in nature, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying immune abnormalities that underlie asthma in urban adults have not been well defined. We investigated the influence of atopy and asthma on cytokine responses of inner-city adult women to define immune abnormalities associated with asthma and atopy. Blood samples were collected from 509 of 606 inner-city women enrolled in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) study. We tested for associations between atopy and asthma status and cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated ex vivo with a panel of innate and adaptive immune stimulants. Atopic subjects had heightened Th2 cytokine responses (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) to cockroach and dust mite antigens, tetanus toxoid, and phytohemagglutinin (P < 0.05 for all). Differences in cytokine responses were greatest in response to stimulation with cockroach and dust mite. In a multivariate analysis, atopy was broadly related to increased Th2-like responses to all antigens and PHA, while asthma was only weakly related to mitogen-induced IL-4 and IL-5 responses. There were few asthma or allergy-related differences in responses to innate stimuli, including IFN-α and IFN-γ responses. In this inner-city adult female population, atopy is associated with enhanced Th2 responses to allergens and other stimuli, and there was little or no additional signal attributable to asthma. In particular, these data indicate that altered systemic interferon and innate immune responses are not associated with allergies and/or asthma in inner-city women.
Model & Data Files for Analyses in "Differential impacts of spruce beetle outbreaks on snowshoe hares and red squirrels in the southern Rocky Mountains"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Model scripts and Rdata files necessary to replicate model fits and results contained in the draft manuscript "Differential impacts of spruce beetle outbreaks on snowshoe hares and red squirrels in the southern Rocky Mountains" which is currently in review at Forest Ecology and Management.
[Component transfusion in cancer chemotherapy--platelet transfusion and granulocyte transfusion].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of component transfusion has become important in cancer chemotherapy. Recently, it has become possible to obtain large amounts of platelets and granulocytes by the mechanical development of continuous flow centrifugation or filtration leukopheresis. These methods have enhanced the clinical efficiency of platelet transfusion. Although, several reports of randomized controlled studies of granulocyte transfusion have been published, its effectiveness has not yet been clearly established.
New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Leaves of Tithonia Diversifolia and their Apoptosis Effect Evaluation in KB Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract From the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia , nine sesquiterpenoids ( 1 – 9 ), including two new ones (tagitinin J ( 1) and tagitinin K ( 2 )) were isolated and structurally determined. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of the HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as comparison with the literature. All of the isolated compounds (except compounds 7–9 ) significantly exhibited cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549 and MCF7), with IC 50 values ranging from 0.29–17.0 μM, which were in the same range as the positive control ellipticine or even lower. Further, the apoptosis induction effects of two new compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated and reported. While compound 2 did not induce the apoptosis in KB cells at test concentrations, compound 1 was found to possess anti‐proliferative activity through concentration‐dependently inducing cell cycle arrest at S phase, morphological changes, activation of caspase 3, and an increase in the early‐stage apoptosis of KB cells at a concentration of 7.26 μM.
Early Sketch Processing with Application in HMM Based Sketch Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Freehand sketching is a natural and crucial part of everyday humaninteraction, yet is almost totally unsupported by current user interfaces. With the increasing availability of tablet notebooks and pen based PDAs, sketchbased interaction has gained attention as a natural interaction modality.We are working to combine the flexibility and ease of use of paper and pencilwith the processing power of a computer, to produce a user interface fordesign that feels as natural as paper, yet is considerably smarter. One of themost basic tasks in accomplishing this is converting the original digitizedpen strokes in a sketch into the intended geometric objects. In this paper wedescribe an implemented system that combines multiple sources of knowledge toprovide robust early processing for freehand sketching. We also show how thisearly processing system can be used as part of a fast sketch recognition system with polynomial time segmentation and recognition algorithms.
Measuring private sphere environmentally significant behaviour of residents in Abu Dhabi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ecological footprint of the United Arab Emirates is one of the highest in the world. Concentrated efforts are being made by the government of UAE towards promoting and facilitating sustainable behaviour. These efforts are based on the premise that enhancing knowledge and awareness of environmental problems can lead to a change in behaviour. The aim of this paper is to: 1) examine private sphere environmentally significant behaviour focused around specific sustainable activities such as green consumption, recycling, energy saving and water conservation; 2) present and validate environmentally significant behaviour as a second-order construct capable of capturing multiple behavioural dimensions. The results will offer policy makers insight into how effective their efforts have been on everyday practices of individuals. Considering the dearth of research in this area in the UAE, this study could provide academics with future research opportunities that explore various aspects of sustainable consumer behaviour in this region.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF QASR EL-BINT, PETRA: DISCUSSION AND NEW RADIOCARBON DATES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The chronological reconstruction of Petra monuments is a challenge since typically they lack written inscriptions and most inscriptions discovered are in secondary contexts. The chronology of Qasr el-Bint, the main temple of Petra, has been debated for decades and the question remains unanswered. This work aims at better understanding the chronology of the Qasr el-Bint by radiocarbon dating wood wedges discovered between the stones of its walls. According to the radiocarbon results, a terminus post quem of the beginning of the first century ad might be assigned for the construction of the Qasr contradicting the earlier chronologies that depended on inscriptions out of context as shown by the recent excavations in the Temenos. This conclusion is supported by the similarity of the architectural decorations of the Qasr to the Khazneh, recently dated to the late years of Aretas IV or later, which probably implies a similar date to the Qasr.
Physiologic Role for Prolactin Releasing Peptide

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Prolactin (PRL) releasing peptide (PrRP) is produced in A1 and A2 catecholaminergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), respectively. PrRP‐positive neurons in NTS project to the hypothalamic paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. I.c.v. administration of PrRP in conscious rats results in increased circulating PRL levels. We have developed an siRNA plasmid, which when injected bilaterally into the NTS results in significant diminution of immunoreactive PrRP content in the hypothalamus. We hypothesized that this would also impair the animal’s neuroendocrine response to restraint stress. Plasmid containing our PrRP siRNA or a control plasmid (scrambled siRNA) were injected bilaterally into the NTS of adult male rats bearing an indwelling jugular vein cannula. 18 hr later two blood samples (0 and 5 min) were withdrawn from the jugular cannula of conscious, unrestrained animals. They were then subjected to 10 min immobilization stress and additional blood samples taken during the stress (10 min) and at the end of the immobilization (15 min). The rats were then returned to their cages and two more blood samples taken at 20 and 30 min. There were no significant differences in plasma PRL levels between treatment groups before restraint (0 and 5 min). A significant, 10 fold increase in plasma PRL levels was observed in the control animals, while only a 4 fold increase in PRL was observed in siRNA treated rats. Plasma PRL levels were significantly lower in siRNA treated rats versus controls at 15, 20 and 30 min. These data demonstrate the efficacy of our plasmid based siRNA delivery system and suggest that PrRP, produced in neurons of the NTS which project to neuroendocrine centers in the hypothalamus, is an important mediator of stress related PRL secretion in the rat. Supported by NIH HL066023.
Investigation of Inhibitory Potency of CYP3A4 Substrates and Inhibitors against Hepatic UDP-grucuronosyltranses (UGTs)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Investigation of Inhibitory Potency of CYP3A4 Substrates and Inhibitors against Hepatic UDP-grucuronosyltranses (UGTs)
Physical Therapy and Arthritis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this review is to discuss the range of physical therapy interventions for the individual presenting with arthritis. Rehabilitation of the individual with arthritis is a complex process. Individuals with arthritis present with the impairments of pain, joint contractures, decreased strength, and diminished cardiovascular endurance. These impairments negatively impact the functional status of an individual with arthritis. These issues should be addressed with an individualized physical therapy treatment plan utilizing a variety of therapeutic modalities and exercise. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is a return to function.
Reservations to UN Human Rights Treaties

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Foreword. I: Introduction. 1. Reservations to human rights treaties in the aftermath of the Genocide case. II: Theoretical Questions. 2. The law applicable to reservations. 3. Reservations to human rights treaties. III: Reservations in Practice. 4. Reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. 5. Reservations to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 6. Reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. 7. Reservations to the Convention against Torture. IV: Conclusions. 8. Restoring the ruins, concluding remarks. Selected bibliography.
Optimal Second Best Taxation of Addictive Goods

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we derive conditions under which optimal tax rates for addictive goods exceed tax rates for non-addictive consumption goods in an environment where exogenous government spending cannot be nanced with lump sum taxes. Standard static models that consider revenue raising and externalities predict taxing addictive goods at a rate far in excess of that observed in the data. In contrast, our results indicate that, given reasonable parameter values for the strengths of tolerance for the addictive good, homogeneity of the addiction function and the elasticity of substitution, the tax rates are likely to be smaller than the ones implied by the static case. This is the case because high current tax rates on addictive goods tend to reduce future tax revenues, by making households less addicted in the future. Finally, we consider features of addictive goods such as complementarity to leisure that, while unrelated to addiction itself, are nonetheless common among some addictive goods. In general, such e ects are weaker in our dynamic setting since if taxing addictive goods has strong positive revenue e ects today, then taxing goods has a strong o setting e ect on future tax revenues.