jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anionic and Neutral Complexes of Uracil and Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Several isomeric structures of the uracil−water complex and its covalent-bound anion were calculated ab initio with second-order, many-body, perturbation theory and the 6-311++G** basis set. In all neutral complexes, water forms two hydrogen bonds with uracil. In each of the conventional anionic forms, a single, but stronger and shorter, hydrogen bond is found. All complexes are nonplanar, but ring-puckering is less pronounced in neutrals than in anions. Several isomers of the anionic uracil−water complex have positive adiabatic electron-detachment energies. The existence of multiple anionic isomers with vertical electron-detachment energies between 0.30 and 0.90 eV accounts for the broad photoelectron spectrum. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the neutral complex at the geometry of the anionic complex provides a simple explanation for the structural and energetic consequences of electron attachment.
Performance evaluation of wireless sensor network for spatial and aeronautic systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) has been proposed for physical layer standard for high speed wireless personal area networks (WPAN). It has emerged as cost effective and reliable alternative to traditional wireless technologies in WPANs. This paper describes low complexity high data rate Ultra-wideband system based on Wimedia communication protocol. It intends to evaluate the performance of Wimedia-UWB wireless networks communication for spatial and aeronautic systems. The paper suggests a simulation model using NS-2 simulator to assess the feasibility of such networks and analyses it performance by providing high data-rate wireless communication. Experimentations results are done using Wimedia-UWB toolkit to reproduce theses simulations conditions on Airbus wings and EADS-ASTRIUM satellite. A simulation result shows the importance of the simulation approach to illustrate the satisfaction of the communication performance requirements and helps to reproduce simulation conditions in Hardware Test-Beds. Measurements prove the possibility of using such new approaches in aerospace industry.
Photo-bleached agar extracts from Gracilariopsis heteroclada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Agar is a strongly gelling polysaccharide extracted from gracilarioids, which is processed through conventional alkaline pre-treatment and chemical bleaching. However, the use of chemical bleaching agents has associated health risks to humans and the environment. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of photo-bleaching in combination with NaOH pre-treatments at 5, 10 and 15% concentrations on the physico-chemical properties of agar extracted from Gracilariopsis heteroclada . The results highlighted that the gel strength of photo-bleached agar extracts PBA-15 (1822.00 g cm −2 ), PBA-10 (1465.60 g cm −2 ), and PBA-5 (1067.70 g cm −2 ) were significantly higher than in either a commercially sourced agar reference sample (756.20 g cm −2 ) or a chemically bleached agar (390.94 g cm −2 ). The physico-chemical properties of PBA extracts fell within the acceptable limits of food-grade agar. Photo-bleached agar extracts (PBA-5, PBA-10, PBA-15) also exhibited a higher lightness ( L *) and whiteness index (WI) which makes these agars ideal for microbiological use. This study demonstrated that photo-bleaching by solar irradiation improved the physico-chemical properties of agar from G. heteroclada without the use of a chemical bleaching agent.
EFFECT OF HIP STEM CROSS-SECTIONAL GEOMETRY ON CEMENT STRESSES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Introduction Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been one of the most successful, reliable and common prosthetic techniques since the introduction of cemented low-friction arthroplasty by Charnley in the early 1960s, aseptic loosening due to stem-cement and cement-bone interface failures as well as cement fractures have been known to occur. To overcome this loosening, the stem should be mechanically retentive and stable for long term repetitive loading. Migration studies have shown that all stems migrate within their cement mantle, sometimes leading to the stem being debonded from the cement [1]. If we adopt the hypothesis that the stems debond from the cement mantle, the stem surface should be polished. For the polished stem, the concept of a double taper design, which is tapered in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) planes, and a triple-tapered design, which has trapezoidal cross-section with the double tapered, have been popularized. Both concepts performed equally well clinically [2]. In this study, we aimed to analyze stress patterns for both models in detail using the finite element (FE) method.

Methods An ideal cemented stem with bone was made using three dimensional FE analyses (ANSYS 13). The cortical bone was 105 mm long and 7 mm thick and the PMMA cement mantle was 5 mm in thickness surrounding the stem. Young's modulus was set at 200 GPa for the bone and 2.2 GPa for the cement. Poisson's ratio was 0.3 for both materials. The bone-cement interface was completely bonded and cement-stem interface was not bonded in cases where a polished stem surface was used. The two types of stems were compared. One being the double tapered (Fig 1 left) and the other the triple tapered (Fig 1 right). The coefficient of friction (μ) at the stem-cement interface was set at 0 for both models. The distal ends of the stems were not capsulated by the PMMA and therefore the stems were free to subside. All materials were assumed to be linearly isotropic and homogeneous. The distal ends of the bone were completely constrained against any movements and rotations. An axial load of 1200 N and a transverse load of 600 N were applied at the same time simulating the bending condition [3].

Results Although the stress distribution differences between the designs were minor, the positions where higher stresses and absolute values in the cement were observed varied. For double tapered model, the highest maximum principal stress was 1.98 MPa observed around the corner of the stem at the proximal region. For the triple tapered model, the highest maximum principal stress was 1.67 MPa observed at more medial side than the double tapered model.
Transcallosal and transhippocampal evoked potentials in developing guinea pig brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Transcallosal and transhippocampal evoked responses were studied in the guinea pig from 50 days of fetal life to adulthood. Variations in the time of appearance and in response latency of these 2 evoked potentials were observed during maturation. In 50‐day fetuses transcallosal responses could not be elicited; however, transhippocampal responses were present. In newborn animals, latency of transhippocampal responses was the same as that observed in adults, whereas latency of transcallosal responses was 3‐4 times longer than the adult response.
Gender differences in supermarket choice

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to outline and analyse the issue of gender differences in supermarket choice; and to demonstrate the nascent CaRBS technique as an appropriate analysis tool on incomplete data. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a CaRBS analysis of survey‐based data with emphasis on the visualisation of the evidence on the reasons for supermarket choice in discerning the gender of those making the decision of which supermarket to visit. Findings Using the original incomplete data, there are certain reasons, such as range of stock, that are viewed differently by male and female consumers when deciding which supermarket to choose. Practical implications CaRBS provides the ability to analyse incomplete data without the need to manage the missing values that are present, and the ability to optimise the classification of respondents based on their gender through minimising ambiguity but not the inherent ignorance in the evidence from the questionnaire‐based responses. The relevance of characteristics can be found, even though many of the response‐based data values are missing. Originality/value The paper provides a clear demonstration of the ability to analyse original incomplete data, mitigating having to interpret results from managed data. The paper also introduces the CaRBS technique as a practical analysis tool in marketing research.
A comparative study of thermal enhanced oil recovery method

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The world's petroleum consumption is projected to increase steadily, with most of the oil discovered worldwide remaining unrecovered. Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (TEOR) techniques have been found to be effective in increasing the oil recovery from mature reservoirs. This paper compares the two most commonly used TEOR methods, In- Situ Combustion (ISC) and hot fluid injection, in the Sudanese Oil Field, Orion Field. The reservoir properties, operating conditions, production performance, technical challenges, and opportunities, including depth limitations, conventional completion problems, and reservoir heterogeneity, were analyzed for each method. Economic feasibility and environmental impacts are also discussed, including factors such as capital and operating costs, oil recovery rates, and carbon emissions. This study offers valuable insights into the practical aspects of implementing TEOR projects in the Sudanese oil field and can inform decision-making in the oil and gas industry, particularly in reservoir engineering, production optimization, and environmental management.
Large experiment data analysis collaboration. Final annual progress report for period November 15, 2000 - April 30, 2002

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Because of the good agreement between theory and experiment (on a number of tokamak experiments) on the nonlinear development, saturation of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs), the study of NTMs is becoming a mature subject. Thus, our contributions to studies of neoclassical (and regular classical) tearing modes over the past year have focused on a number of particular, more detailed issues: flow shear effects on linear tearing modes, exploring the possibility of NTMs in spherical tokamaks such as NSTX, assisting with classical tearing mode explorations in DIII-D, and fast ion effects on NTMs. In addition, a collaboration with the Institute for Plasma Research group in India was initiated due to their interest in using the NEAR code (developed in part under this grant) to explore neoclassical tearing modes. Finally, a number of talks have been given on basic, current frontier and future extensions of neoclassical tearing mode theory. Our previous identification of the disruption precursor in DIII-D shot 87009 as being due to a global ideal MHD interchange-type instability being driven slowly though its threshold was featured prominently in the DIII-D MHD theory paper at the 2000 IAEA Sorrento meeting. We have also stimulated the application of the NIMROD code to this particular DIII-D disruption precursor and continued to support this code exploration of it. To facilitate quicker evaluations of global-type ideal MHD growth rates and eigenmodes, we have continued our development of a new method for using perturbed equilibria to ''maneuver in delta-W'' space. Since this basic concept for efficiently finding trends in ideal MHD stability using perturbed equilibria has been proven using a screw-pinch geometry, we are now beginning to implement and test the procedure in the GAT0 code for specific DIII-D high beta equilibria. In addition, to analytically explore the ultimate nonlinear evolution of these types of modes, we have begun (primarily on our DOE ''Nonlinear and Nonideal MHD'' theory grant) exploring the growth rate and eigenmode structure of localized interchange instabilities. A surprising aspect of that work is that robust, ideal MHD-like growth rates and radially spread eigenmodes are only obtained when the Suydam/Mercier criteria are exceeded by about a factor of two (D{sub I} &gt; 0.45). A new issue we have begun exploring is how ''thin, isolated'' magnetic islands and their effects can be incorporated into MHD equilibria and hence the EFIT code. In addition, we have given presentations on more general fusion, and MHD topics, which have included some of the results developed under this research grant.
Equivariant Cohomology of Weighted Grassmannians and Weighted Schubert Classes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the Tw-equivariant cohomology of the weighted Grassmannians wGr(d,n) introduced by Corti–Reid [4], where Tw is the n-dimensional torus that naturally acts on wGr(d,n). We introduce the equivariant weighted Schubert classes and, after we show that they form a basis of the equivariant cohomology, we give an explicit formula for the structure constants with respect to this Schubert basis. We also find a linearly independent subset {wu1,…,wun−1} of Lie(Tw)* such that those structure constants are polynomials in wui's with nonnegative coefficients, up to a permutation on the weights.
Clinical characteristics of alopecia areata in Down syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was undertaken to better understand clinical characteristics, environmental and physical events in Down syndrome (DS) and alopecia areata (AA). This cross-sectional study included 18 DS patients who were currently presenting or had presented AA. We evaluated gender, age, location and type of AA, presence of autoimmune disease or atopy, AA in first-degree relatives, and environmental, physical, and clinical intercurrences. The mean age of study subjects was 11.6 (SD ± 5.5) years and mean age at AA onset 7.2 (2.5 to 15.2) years. The duration of alopecia episodes varied, with a mean of 2.7 (0.1 to 18.7) years. Recurrence of AA was reported in 27.7% (5/18) of subjects, with a mean number of recurrences of 3.6. Localized type AA was seen in 83.4% of individuals, with the most frequent location on the scalp (100%). Seven of the individuals presented atopy. Fourteen individuals had undergone environmental and/or clinical intercurrences. In conclusion, the most frequent presentation of AA in DS is the non-recurrent, localized form on the scalp, with a varied period of duration. Changes in the individuals' routine occurred in more than half of the study group. We suggest further studies of the psychology and immunogenetics in the etiopathology of AA in DS.
Feature selection methods for financial engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The analysis about the financial market is always drawing the attention of both the investors and researchers. Theories and methodologies are invented to pattern the stock market finely and easily. The trend of stock market is very complex and is influenced by various factors. Therefore to find out the most significant factors to the stock market is very necessary. Feature Selection is such an algorithm that can remove the redundant and irrelevant factors, and then figure out the most significant subset of factors to build the analysis model. This project analyzes about a series of technical indicators, which are the results of technical analysis about the stock market. Among them, some may be very significant to the stock price, and others may not have so much influence. These indicators are confined and taken as the input feature set, and then Feature Selection algorithm is used to conduct the selection, and generate a feature subset which contains all the significant features. There are three kinds of Feature Selection algorithms studied in this project. A recommendation based on this research will be given in the end of this report.
Gone with the Wind: What Composers Learn from Creating Music for Young Musicians

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contemporary Canadian music is rarely performed and studied in school music programs (Bartel, Dolloff, & Shand, 1999; Shand & Bartel, 1998; Varahidis, 2012) and post-secondary institutions (Andrews & Carruthers, 2004; Carruthers, 2000). This is primarily because the music of modern professional composers is inaccessible to students (Andrews, 2004; Bowden, 2010). In other words, composers are trained in such a way that their pieces are only playable by professionals for specialized audiences (Hatrik, 2002; Colgrass, 2004; Terauds, 2011). This study examines what eight wind-composers learned from writing educational music for young musicians. Using a narrative framework, grounded in John Dewey’s theory of learning as expressed by Clandinin and Connelly (2000), data was collected through interviews. These were then interpreted and analyzed with the aid of the composers’ biographies and questionnaires. Four story categories emerged from the data regarding how to write pedagogically valid educational music: 1) The composer must desire to compose technically appropriate, challenging and enjoyable music for young musicians; 2) The composer must collaborate and have direct contact with students; 3) The composer must have a working knowledge of the instruments; and 4) The composer and teachers can use the Music Complexity Chart (MC²) as numerous benefits are associated with it.
Third instars larvae of Gepus gibbosus Hölzel, 1968

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The third instar larva of Gepus gibbosus Hölzel, 1968 are described and figured for the first time using light and scanning electron microscopy. The females were collected from Derik, Mardin Province, Turkey and maintained in the laboratory. The morphology of different parts of the larva such as head, mandibles, and antennae are described and illustrated. G. gib-bosus is new for the Turkish fauna. Key words: Neuroptera, Gepus gibbosus, larvae, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Turkey
Macrocognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

If we engineer complex cognitive systems on the basis of mistaken or inappropriate view's of cognition, we can wind up designing systems that degrade performance rather than improve it. The results stemming from the application of any cognitive systems engineering methodology will be incomplete unless they include a description of the cognition that is needed to accomplish the work. The concept of macrocognition is a way of describing cognitive work as it naturally occurs.
Production of Extracellular Lipase from Palm Oil by Trichoderma Viride using Plackett-

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract—Plackett-Burman statistical screening of media constituents and operational conditions for extracellular lipase production from isolate Trichoderma viride has been carried out in submerged fermentation. This statistical design is used in the early stages of experimentation to screen out unimportant factors from a large number of possible factors. This design involves screening of up to ‘n-1 ’ variables in just ‘n ’ number of experiments. Regression coefficients and t-values were calculated by subjecting the experimental data to statistical analysis using Minitab version 15. The effects of nine process variables were studied in twelve experimental trials. Maximum lipase activity of 7.83 μmol /ml /min was obtained in the 6th trail. Pareto chart illustrates the order of significance of the variables affecting the lipase production. The present study concludes that the most significant variables affecting lipase production were found to be palm oil, yeast extract, K2HPO4, MgSO4 and CaCl2. Keywords—lipase, submerged fermentation, statistical
TRMM Hurricane Alley: September 2, 1998

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In one remarkable pass on September 2, 1998, TRMM captured data from four hurricanes: Howard, Isis, Earl, and Danielle. Note: A fly along to TRMMs orbital path on September 2, 1998, showing the three-dimensional structure of the precipitation of four hurricanes, Howard, Isis, Earl, and Danielle, as measured by the Precipitation Radar instrument on TRMM. In this animation, a surface of constant precipitation is colored by the value of the precipitation on the ground under the surface. Data Collected: 9/2/98. Animator: Greg Shirah (NASA/GSFC). Scientist: Chris Kummerow (NASA/GSFC). Platforms/Sensors/Data Sets: TRMM/PR, TRMM/TMI, TRMM/VIRS.
A novel method of measuring capacitance current for ineffectively earthed power systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Capacitance current is an important parameter for single phase grounding faults protection and control in ineffectively earthed power systems. A novel method for the capacitance current measuring is presented in the paper. With injecting a tested signal into the open-delta secondary of the voltage transformer, the voltage of the open-delta secondary and the voltage of the star secondary are measured. And the capacitance current to earth can be calculated directly for the ineffectively grounded systems. The novel method is tested in a dynamic power system. Test results show that the method is simple, convenient, and precise in measuring the capacitance current in real-time without power supply interrupting, and can reduce the influence of voltage transformer leakage impedance.
SEASONAL ANALYSIS OF AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATE SUPPLY TO STREAMS WITH GRASSLAND AND DECIDUOUS RIPARIAN VEGETATION

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate supply was measured across eight streams with contrasting riparian vegetation (grassland, open-canopy deciduous and closed-canopy deciduous) in County Mayo, Ireland, in 2002. Benthic invertebrates were collected from Surber samples, drifting aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates were collected in drift traps, aerial terrestrial invertebrates were collected on sticky traps and soil-surface-dwelling invertebrates were collected in pitfall traps. Season had greatest influence on aquatic invertebrate supply, whereas riparian vegetation type had a greater influence on terrestrial invertebrate supply to streams. Benthic invertebrate abundance tended to be lowest in summer while, in contrast, aquatic invertebrate drift was significantly higher. Terrestrial invertebrate drift was greatest in open-canopy streams. Aerial terrestrial invertebrate densities were greater in canopied streams in spring but were greater in grassland streams in summer. Biomass, however, was lowest in grassland streams in spring and summer. Soil-surface invertebrate abundances did not differ among riparian types, but canopied streams were associated with wingless groups while grassland streams were associated with winged groups that may be easily dislodged by wind and rain. !!c:/3b2win/remove.batRiparian influences on the abundance and composition of invertebrate supply to streams are discussed.
Amaurosis Cured by Treatment of Mouth and Teeth.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Editors: Aug. 1859-July 1865, J. D. White, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Aug. 1865-Dec. 1871, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Jan. 1872-May 1891, J. W. White.--July 1891-Apr. 1930, E. C. Kirk (with L. P. Anthony, Dec. 1917-Apr. 1930).--May 1930-Dec. 1936, L. P. Anthony.