jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Application of ELISA and Colloidal Gold Method in the Swine Fever Detection

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This article aims to discuss the application of colloidal gold measurement technique and ELISA in swine fever virus detection.Colloidal gold measurement technique and ELISA are used to test for swine fever antibody and antigen from 92 suspected swine fever samples,which were gathered from Nyingchi,then compare the coincidence rate of the two methods.The positive coincidence rate is 100% in antibody and antigen test by colloidal gold method,and that was more than 95% by ELISA method.The conclusion was that the positive coincidence rate is higher by colloidal gold method,and it get higher coincidence rate with ELISA method.The results show that, it can achieve more than 95% immune effect by using swine plague in Nyingchi.The two methods are easy to operate and quick to test.They are suited to screening high throughput samples in clinical rapid test and epidemic disease survey.
Helium‐Permselective Amorphous SiC Membrane Modified by Chemical Vapor Infiltration

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Helium‐permselective silicon carbide (SiC) membrane was successfully synthesized on an outer surface of γ‐alumina‐coated α‐alumina porous support by both pyrolysis of polycarbosilane without oxygen‐curing process and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). An amorphous SiC membrane possessed He permeance of 7.7×10−8 mol · m−2 · s−1 · Pa−1, He/CO2 permselectivity of 64, and He/H2 permselectivity of 4.4 at 873 K. CVI process is an effective way to increase permselectivity of gases with small kinetic diameter.
Both hypoperfusion and structural impairment associates with cognitive decline in HR-NICE patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: Patients with high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (HR-NICE) are recommended as the key population for stroke prevention. However, the functional impairment and underlying neural mechanisms are rarely investigated in this cohort. Goal(s): We attempt to confirm the neural and cognitive impairment and explain the mechanism of cognitive impairment in aspects of both hypoperfusion and cortical abnormality in HR-NICE patients. Approach: Cerebral blood flow, grey matter volume and asymmetry were calculated based on MR perfusion and anatomical data. Results: Hypoperfusion and cortical abnormality are significant in HR-NICE patients, these neural impairments are robustly correlated with cognitive decline. Impact: Our study confirmed the existence of early neural damage in HR-NICE patients, which is reflected in multiple aspects of hypoperfusion, grey matter atrophy and decreased asymmetry. These abnormalities collectively contribute to cognitive decline, especially in patients with left involvement.
CULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS IN THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Many countries have ratified the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, andconsiderable efforts have been made to apply it, at least in the field of policyreforms. Many practical examples drawn from across the world show thatconservation has been an integral part of the resource use and survival systemsofindigenous communities. 111 Sri Lanka. patterns offorest resource use havebeen differentiated not only in relation to the local people's links with theavailable biological resources; but also as a result of cultural and socioeconomicdecisions. The survival strategies of indigenous forest-fringecommunities are related to the plant life both of natural forests and ofnon-forestproduction systems. Spiritual rituals. food habits and medicinal practices havefavoured the conservation of biodiversity. Various aspects (If indigenous ethicshave also given strong support to conservation. Field studies conducted inRitigala Strict Natural Reserve suggest that local knowledge of the diversity ofthe ecosystem is vet:v complex, and that it provides a basis for futureconservation strategies. Unless indigenous cultures. knowledge and livelihoodsystems are respected and recognized. the practical link between survival andconservation will he lost along with a wealth of in/ormation.
Bargaining game for effective coexistence between LTE-U and Wi-Fi systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

LTE over unlicensed band (LTE-U) has emerged as an effective technique to overcome the challenge of spectrum scarcity. Using LTE-U along with advanced techniques such as carrier aggregation (CA), one can boost the performance of existing cellular networks. However, if not properly managed, the use of LTE-U can potentially degrade the performance of co-existing Wi-Fi access points which operate over the unlicensed frequency bands. Moreover, most of the existing works consider a macro base station (MBS) or a small cell base station (SBS) for their proposals. In this paper, an effective coexistence mechanism between LTE-U and Wi-Fi systems is studied. The goal is to enable the cellular network to use LTE-U with CA to meet the quality-of-service (QoS) of the users while protecting Wi-Fi access points (WAPs), considering multiple SBSs from different operators in a dense deployment scenario. Specifically, an LTE-U sum-rate maximization problem is formulated under a user QoS and WAP-LTE-U co-existence constraints. To solve this problem, a cooperative Nash bargaining game is proposed. This game allows LTE-U and WAPs to share time resource while protecting Wi-Fi system. For allocating unlicensed resource among LTE-U users, a heuristic algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is better than the comparing methods regarding per user achieved rate, percentage of unsatisfied users and fairness. The result also shows that the proposed method protects Wi-Fi user far better way than basic listen-before-talk (LBT) does.
Financial literacy and numeracy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the relationship between financial literacy and numeracy. It turns out that numeracy and financial literacy are strongly correlated. In order to clarify this relationship, we review, in a first section, the general definition of numeracy and its most commonly used measures. We then try to enlighten the distinction that can be made between numeracy and financial literacy. In a second section, we focus on the relationship between numeracy and financial literacy using the main empirical studies performed. Since the analyses of their results show that numeracy is a key determinant of financial literacy, we highlight, in a third and final section, the key role that numeracy could have in education programs and consumer protection policies to improve financial decisions
Reply: Factors Favorable to Reducing the Learning Curve of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Learning Curve of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy 129 surgeons to improve and refine their surgical skills, which helps to reduce the learning curve for laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.Lastly, as Kong et al. commented, it is difficult to define the learning curve of laparoscopic total gastrectomy by a single parameter.The operative time, complication rate, and number of retrieved lymph nodes have been used as parameters to measure the learning curve of laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer. 8,9wever, these factors are not only influenced by the surgeon's ability, but also by the assistant surgeon's experience and ability, as well as patient factors.Thus, no single parameter can be used to measure the learning curve of this surgery.Additionally, increasing popularity and interest in proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer make it difficult to determine the learning curve of laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Thus, a new statistical model that can consider and integrate these complicated factors is required to quantify the learning curve for surgical procedures.
The landscape genetics of a mass‐flowering fire‐ephemeral plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Premise Obligate fire ephemerals are annual plants that have germination and reproduction cued by fire occurrence, persisting between fire events in a long‐lived soil seed bank. Within these species, gene flow is restricted not only geographically but also temporally because individuals are limited to reproducing with others affected by the same fire event. The patchwork‐like distribution of fires may therefore promote population isolation. In contrast to past fires, the Australian fires of 2019–2020 were of unprecedented extent, providing an opportunity to investigate the landscape genetics of a fire ephemeral, Actinotus forsythii , across multiple populations and to compare it to a common congener, Actinotus helianthi . Methods For both species, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms to infer patterns of population structure and calculate measures of genetic diversity. We also estimated a phylogeny of Actinotus forsythii to understand the differentiation of a geographically isolated population. Results For A. forsythii , the within‐population diversity (allelic richness = 1.56) was greater, and the among‐population differentiation ( F ST = 0.30) was lower than that observed for A. helianthi (allelic richness = 1.33, F ST = 0.57). Actinotus forsythii had distinct geographic groupings, and a geographically isolated population of this species was genetically highly differentiated. Conclusions Despite the fire‐dependent, asynchronous gene flow, predicted between site disconnect, and possible within‐site homogeneity, our results suggest that burn mosaic could be influencing gene flow patterns and fire‐triggered mass flowering may promote genetic diversity within Actinotus forsythii .
Table_11_Quantitative Trait Loci and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Genetic Basis of Fiber Quality Traits in CCRI70 RIL Population of Gossypium hirsutum.XLSX

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is widely planted around the world for its natural fiber, and producing high-quality fiber is essential for the textile industry. CCRI70 is a hybrid cotton plant harboring superior yield and fiber quality, whose recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from two upland cotton varieties (sGK156 and 901-001) and were used here to investigate the source of high-quality related alleles. Based on the material of the whole population, a high-density genetic map was constructed using specific locus-amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). It contained 24,425 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, spanning a distance of 4,850.47 centimorgans (cM) over 26 chromosomes with an average marker interval of 0.20 cM. In evaluating three fiber quality traits in nine environments to detect multiple environments stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we found 289 QTLs, of which 36 of them were stable QTLs and 18 were novel. Based on the transcriptome analysis for two parents and two RILs, 24,941 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 473 of which were promising genes. For the fiber strength (FS) QTLs, 320 DEGs were identified, suggesting that pectin synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signaling pathways could influence FS, and several transcription factors may regulate fiber development, such as GAE6, C4H, OMT1, AFR18, EIN3, bZIP44, and GAI. Notably, the marker D13_56413025 in qFS-chr18-4 provides a potential basis for enhancing fiber quality of upland cotton via marker-assisted breeding and gene cloning of important fiber quality traits.</p>
Differential Autumn Migration of Sharp-Shinned and Cooper's Hawks in Western North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) and Cooper's Hawks (A. cooperii) showed differential migration timing during autumn migration in New Mexico and Nevada. Age-sex classes passed through both sites in this order: juvenile females, juvenile males, adult females, and adult males. We compared the magnitude of differential migration timing in these two species. The number of days separating mean passage dates of age classes (juvenile and adult) was greater for Sharp-shinned Hawks than for Cooper's Hawks. The number of days separating the mean passage dates of sex classes was mostly similar between the two species. In the Manzano Mountains of New Mexico, however, adult male and female Sharp-shinned Hawks were more separated than adult male and female Cooper's Hawks. In Sharp-shinned and Cooper's Hawks, it seems likely that differences in rate of travel between males and females may best explain sex-specific differential migration timing and that foraging efficiency (i.e., hunting skill level) may best explain age-specific differential migration timing.
MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) image fusion of renal lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound is a common and established imaging method for the initial characterization of renal lesions. The widespread used Bosniak classification (I-IV) classifies renal lesions in five individual groups using contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CE-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging criteria. For complex pathologies, CEUS/MRI image fusion is a novel imaging technique for the differentiation of benign and malignant renal lesions. Compared to CE-CT and MRI alone, ultrasound image fusion offers the additional possibility of being a real-time imaging technique that can be used together with other cross-sectional imaging techniques.This article describes the newest possibilities of image fusion with CEUS and MRI in detection and characterization of unclear renal lesions.
Review of the need for the reforming medical education, Republic of Armenia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical education is a fundamental link in the formation of qualified medical personnel. At different periods of development of the health care system, the system of education of health workers was also revised and improved. The article describes the stages of formation and development of the system of postgraduate education of medical workers in Armenia. To assess the current situation and the necessity to update the current system of postgraduate medical education, we conducted a survey in which participated the clinical residents, employees, and heads of departments, medical workers, leading specialists and representatives of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia.
Influence of shrinkage porosity on fatigue performance of iron castings and life estimation method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Shrinkage porosity exists more or less in heavy castings, and it plays an important role in the fatigue behavior of cast materials. In this study, fatigue tests were carried out on the QT400-18 cast iron specimens containing random degrees of shrinkage porosity defect. Experimental results showed that the order of magnitude of life scattered from 103 to 106 cycles when the shrinkage percentage ranged from 0.67% to 5.91%. SEM analyses were carried out on the shrinkage porosity region. The inter-granular discontinuous, micro cracks and inclusions interfered with the fatigue sliding or hindering process. The slip in shrinkage porosity region was not as orderly as the ordinary continuous medium. The shrinkage porosity area on fracture surface (SPAFS) and alternating stress intensity factor (ASIF) were applied to evaluate the tendency of residual life distribution; their relationship was fitted by negative exponent functions. Based on the intermediate variable of ASIF, a fatigue life prediction model of nodular cast iron containing shrinkage porosity defects was established. The modeling prediction was in agreement with the experimental results.
Present and prospect of domestic and foreign efficacy criterion standards for health insecticide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Health insecticide efficacy criterion needs uniform and canonical standards,scientific standards not only estimate the effectiveness of insecticidal products properly,but also play a guide and regulation on its production technique,safety,as well the notion of vector prevention and control.This review aims at putting forward the advantage worth learning of foreign standard and promoting Chinese related ones more scientific,standardization and internationalization by comparing domestic and foreign(mainly advanced one) efficacy criterion standards for health insecticide.
Incidence of serum antibody titers against varicella zoster virus in Japanese patients with herpes zoster

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Herpes zoster is an internal reactivation of varicella zoster virus following establishment of latent infection in the dorsal root ganglia during primary infection, which presents as chickenpox. Therefore, serologically, herpes zoster patients already have anti‐varicella zoster virus immunoglobulin G at the onset of disease. Hence, positive serum antibody does not confirm the diagnosis of herpes zoster. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of varicella zoster virus‐specific complement fixation in 865 zoster patients at initial presentation to a dermatology clinic. As a result, 66% of patients showed negative complement fixation, with patient numbers decreasing as titer increased. Paired complement fixation tests conducted within a short period showed a marked elevation in titer, and complement fixation titer gradually decreased after a year. Furthermore, incidence showed no correlation with patient age. These observations indicate that the complement fixation titer at first visit is mainly influenced by the duration from onset to presentation at clinic. Our findings indicate that a positive complement fixation result by single‐point testing confirms at least recent onset of herpes zoster, while paired tests can confirm disease when primary tests are negative.
Twitter-revolutioner og fejlslagne protestbevægelser:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the interesting connection between social movements and new social media also referred to as web 2.0. It is argued that the public as well as parts of the scientific debate about the impact of new media on social change is to a large degree dominated by two rigid camps, namely Internet-utopians on the one side and Internet-sceptics on the other side. Both positions tend to degenerate into technological determinism. Furthermore, they ignore the long tradition for the critical study of alternative media and their role as critical and oppositional communication tools for social movements. In order to analyse how social movements challenge dominant and hegemonic worldviews, the article calls for a socially oriented media theory with a sensibility for analytical concepts and frameworks. Such a theoretical and contextual framework can be used in order to produce empirically based insights into the relation between protest movements, social media use and actual political change.
Spatial variability map of micronutrients in vegetable growing area of Varanasi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil pH and the availability of essential micronutrients is a deciding factor for vegetable production. Major nutrients i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micronutrients are critical elements in enhancing vegetable growth and productivity. The present study focused on the micronutrient status of a vegetable growing area i.e. Shanshahpur village of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Spatial variability maps were prepared from 50 samples collected from individual vegetable intercropping system from farmer’s field for all the micronutrient element i.e. Fe, Mn, Zn & Cu respectively. Most of the soils of the vegetable growing area of Shanshahpur were alkaline (7.99-8.72) in nature and lies within a safe range of electrical conductivity (<0.20 dSm-1). However, a medium range of soil organic carbon (0.50-0.75%) status was observed throughout the area. According to the variability map for micronutrient status there was a medium to high status for available Cu (0.81 mgkg-1) but in contrast available Fe and Zn content of the vegetable growing lies in low status category(2.00-13.15mgkg-1 and 0.02-2.26 mgkg-1 respectively). Available Mn status was seen reduced with increased alkalinity (9.08-0.74 mgkg-1). But most of the micronutrients were deficient for vegetable production because maximum number of soil samples lies in alkaline category which throws a scope towards amelioration of the vegetable growing soils for reducing its pH.
Xi Jinping’s Campaign and the End of Political Liberalization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 6 presents a case study of Xi Jinping’s wide-ranging anti-corruption campaign. By all accounts, corruption continued to grow in China throughout the 1990s and 2000s and became among the public’s largest governance concerns. Xi and other party leaders believed that the combination under the Hu Jintao administration of policy failings like the spread of corruption, risky political liberalization, and general party weakness was precipitating a crisis in the CCP’s ability to govern. Since 2012, Xi has pursued anti-corruption campaign as part of his broader mission to restore party discipline and reassert party leadership over China’s state and society. I argue that his administration’s campaign, though not yet finished, has already been successful in curbing corruption. Furthermore, corruption was curbed under Xi using decidedly authoritarian methods. Benefiting Xi was the fact that he has faced far fewer constraints on his leadership than Hu Jintao or Jiang Zemin did early in their administrations. The larger political implication of my findings in this chapter is that Xi is succeeding in strengthening CCP organization and discipline, which likely helps prolong one-party rule.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT AGGRESSION MEGA: An Ecological Risk Assessment Tool of Risk and Protective Factors for Assessing Sexually Abusive Children and Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

MEGA is a comprehensive, ecologically framed, structured riskassessment tool for assessing sexually abusive behavior, coarse sex-ual improprieties, or both in all youth under 19 years, includingmaleandfemaleadjudicatedandnonadjudicatedyouth,childrenunder 12, and youth with low intellectual functioning. MEGA ,orMultiplex Empirically Guided Inventory of Ecological Aggregatesfor Assessing Sexually Abusive Adolescents and Children (Ages 19and Under; Miccio-Fonseca, 2006b) is composed of 7 aggregatesand 4 distinct risk scales: (a) Risk Scale, (b) Protective Risk Scale,(c) Estrangement Risk Scale, and (d) Persistent Sexual DeviancyScale. Discussed are the internal consistency ﬁndings on a sam-ple of 1,184 (979 males and 205 females). MEGA ’s Risk andProtective Risk Scales are discussed in depth.KEYWORDS assessing risk in juvenile sex offenders, female sexoffender,lowintellectuallyfunctioningsexuallyabusiveyouth,riskassessment tools for juveniles, risk assessment for young childrenwho are sexually abusive