jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An alternative strategy for industrial development in Bangladesh

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Industrialisation is an important component of development efforts. Because it enriches national wealth and income through exploitation of natural resources and utilization of the factors of production. Industrialisation, however, has to be conceived of within the framework of the development approach - the goal to be achieved. It varies from country to country and depends on objective conditions - the state of the economy, the factor endowments and above all on the appropriate policy framework. This study is intended to formulate an alternative strategy for development of industries in Bangladesh in the context of her development objectives. Bangladesh is a poor agricultural country having no significant resources other that its vast unemployed and underemployed manpower. Given the poverty dimension of the country, the development goal is to attain a level by which the basic needs of the people can be met. Industrial development can play a vital role in this regard. It can help reduce poverty by creation of off-farm employment opportunities and supply basic necessities of life through processing of primary products into value added consumer goods.
Knowledge sharing of employees who are envied by their workmates: A resource perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we examined the effect of workplace envy on the work behaviors and experiences of employees who are envied by others. From the resource perspective, we proposed that ego depletion would mediate the relationship between being envied and knowledge sharing, and that the envied employees' competitive orientation would moderate this mediation. We empirically tested the model with 280 employee–supervisor dyads in China in a two-wave survey. Results show that being envied was negatively related to employees' knowledge sharing, and that the envied employees' ego depletion significantly mediated this negative relationship. Further, envied employees' competitive orientation moderated the indirect mediating effect, such that the negative influence of ego depletion on knowledge sharing was enhanced for those envied employees whose orientation was highly competitive. Our results show the critical role of resource supply and demand on social influence.
Does the Urban Rail Transit Line Type Affect the Operational Efficiency? A Study Based on the DEA-Tobit Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Efficiency evaluation of urban rail transit lines (URTLs) is essential in identifying operational performance. Given differences of line types in terms of layout and function, the effect of line types on operational efficiency is examined. The performance evaluation and analysis of three types of URTLs in different periods are performed using the data envelopment analysis-Tobit (DEA-Tobit) method. The typical URTLs in Beijing are selected for case study. The cross-efficiency evaluation results show that the efficiency of the connected line is the highest in peak weekday periods, while that of the connected line and loop line is higher in off-peak periods. Sensitivity analysis result shows that efficiency has the highest sensitivity to the input index of traction energy consumption and the output index of passenger turnover. Tobit regression results show the proportion of transfer stations have a significant positive impact on efficiency, whereas average trip length is negatively correlated with efficiency.
Half a Century without Ananiev: The Creative Heritage of a Scientist at the Mordern St. Petersburg Psychological School

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article was written in memory of Boris Gerasimovich Ananiev. The purpose of the article is to sum up some of the results of the implementation of the ideas, research, initiatives of B.G. Ananiev by his students and followers in the research and educational activities of the Faculty of Psychology of St. Petersburg State University over the past half century since his death. Here, at the university, the main events in the history of the St. Petersburg Psychological School of the second half of the 20th century took place, the famous complex studies of man took place, a psychological department was opened, later transformed into a faculty. The PURPOSE of this article is to understand the degree of development of ideas and concepts of B.G. Ananyev by those who worked and are working at the Faculty of Psychology in the post-Ananyev period and, in fact, more than others, should be the heirs and continuer of the ideas and deeds of the founder of the scientific school. B.G. Ananiev put forward several major scientific programs - on the psychology of mental processes, to the greatest extent - sensory, integrated into a holistic sensory-perceptual organization. The second program is the structure of a person as an individual, personality, subject and individuality. The third is all-age developmental psychology, acmeology. The fourth is pedagogical psychology as pedagogical anthropology. Ananiev&apos;s scientific heritage is far from being exhausted, but not all of his programs and ideas are continued and developed in the modern St. Petersburg school, in the post-Ananiev period. This conclusion was made on the basis of scientific publications, own observations, memoirs of contemporaries and opinions of scientists of different generations. The article is written in the genre of theoretical analysis of the history of the St. Petersburg psychological school in a certain chronotope of its existence.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Lingnan University Amphibian and Reptile Specimens (Arctos).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Lingnan University Amphibian and Reptile Specimens (Arctos)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/76e7633c-fc26-41c8-a6c6-f8dd7390fc9b using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/76e7633c-fc26-41c8-a6c6-f8dd7390fc9b. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Endothelin-1 Induced Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced cellular responses in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs) involves MAPK pathway by phosphorylating ERK1/2 protein kinase and to find out the phosphorylation patterns of ERK1/2 in confluent and sub-confluent cells. BCECs were isolated from bovine corneas and cultured in medium supplemented with 10% serum. Confluent (contact inhibited) and sub-confluent (actively growing cells) serum starved cells grown in T-75 flasks were treated with 10nM Endothelin-1. The control cells were left untreated. Total cellular protein was isolated using RIPA buffer and quantified according to the Peterson modification of the Lowry method. The level of expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pp44, pp42) proteins relative to overall ERK1/2 (p44, p42) was determined by western blotting technique. Densitometry analysis of immunoblots revealed differential phosphorylation patterns in confluent and sub-confluent cultures. The pERK1/2 levels were significantly increased at 15 min and 24 hrs after post incubation with ET-1, whereas following the initial rise levels declined to 6hrs of incubation with ET-1 in confluent cultures. In sub-confluent cultures pERK1/2 levels increased gradually to 6hrs of incubation with ET-1, returning to pre-incubation levels at 24hrs. In conclusion, ET-1 treatment was shown to induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in BCEC. ET-1 treatment in confluent and sub confluent BCEC exhibited time dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2. ET-1 treatment affected the phosphorylation pattern distinctively in confluent and sub-confluent BCEC. These observations led to the conclusion that ET-1 induced cellular events in BCEC may involve the MAPK cascade and that these ET-1 induced MAPK cascades may exhibit a negative feedback mechanism, suggested by a distinctive oscillations in pERK 1/2 levels. The contrasting effects of ET-1 in confluent and subconfluent cells may suggest a density dependent phosphatase activity.
Chemical Imaging of Surfaces Using the Surface Analysis by Laser Ionization (SALI) Technique

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The determination of the lateral distributions of chemical species on surfaces is of constantly increasing technological importance in many applications, such as integrated circuit manufacturing. The only two tools which have been available are scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (in scanning or microscope modes). The AES technique is the most widespread but generally is considered to be of lesser sensitivity than SIMS, at least for spatial resolutions (defined by the primary beam diameter, d) of approximately ≥ 0.1 µ m. Nominal sensitivities for AES are ~2 to 3% concentrations for d ≥1 µ m, and 3 to 10 % for d ranging from 1.0 µ m to 0.1 µ m, respectively. 1 Also, scanning AES can be very problematic for insulators and electron sensitive materials, although it undoubtedly will continue to be a major tool.
Impulsive Noise Mitigation in Multicarrier Communication for High-Speed Railway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a wireless wideband downlink transmission through a multipath and highly time-varying channel is considered for high-speed railway. In this scenario, non-Gaussian noise is generally involved at the receiver side which may lead to communication outage. In previous studies, the optimal receiver algorithms we designed are only applicable for Gaussian noise and time-invariant channels. But for impulsive noise and time-varying multipath channels, new algorithms are needed to be proposed. In order to resolve the issue, a synthesis scheme is proposed in this paper. First, we adopt impulsive noise detection algorithm to discriminate impulsive noise from the received signal. Then the discriminated noise can be suppressed by the blanking algorithm. After that, the refined signal goes through a well-designed beamforming network, which transforms the received signal with varying frequency offsets into an angle domain. Thus, the frequency offset in each angle is near-constant which can be accurately estimated. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the reliable performance of the high-speed railway communication systems.
Grape seed procyanidins modulate PER2 circadian rhythm and lipid metabolism of white adipose tissue explants in a time-dependent manner

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The consumption of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) may improve metabolic alterations and molecular clock desynchrony in white adipose tissue (WAT), depending on administration timing and metabolic status. To test this hypothesis, inguinal WAT explants from lean and obese PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) circadian reporter mice were treated at the peak or trough of the PER2 luminescence rhythm with metabolites present in the serum of GSPE-administered rats (GSPM). PER2::LUC rhythms of explants from obese animals presented a lower amplitude, longer period and a phase delay. GSPM treatment increased luminescence amplitude and period compared to untreated explants, but only when it was given at the trough of PER2::LUC luminescence. GSPM upregulated lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in explants from lean mice, mostly when given at the luminescence peak. This study provides a valuable platform for testing the effects of natural products ex vivo and warrants further investigation into the chrono-utilisation of plant bioactive compounds.
Structural Case Assignment and Phi-Agreement in Finnish 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Structural Case assignment, agreement in phi-features, and the EPP-movement are related to each other. However, their exact syntactic relationship remains controversial. The matter is examined here from the point of view of Finnish morphosyntax. Finnish provides close to an ideal language for this purpose, as it has fifteen case forms and full syntactic phi-agreement on verbs (finite and nonfinite), nouns, adjectives and prepositions. In addition, Finnish exhibits certain more exotic Case assignment phenomena, among them the long distance Case assignment, quantificational Case and aspectual Case. It is argued that the recent minimalist theory of Agree provides a sound starting point to explain the phenomena, but requires certain modifications to fully capture the Finnish facts. Specifically, it will be argued that Case is not a reflex of an uninterpretable phi-set probe, as posited in the standard theory, but, instead, it is a reflex of a more
Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate based proton exchange membranes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur-492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, SOS, Engg. and Tech., GGV, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
E-mail: dharmadhikarisandeep14@gmail.com
Manuscript received online 02 May 2020, accepted 08 June 2020 The proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were prepared using cellulose acetate (CA), orthophosphoric acid (OPA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) as an active agent. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as polymeric backbone for the synthesized PEMs. CA was used as a hydrophilic agent and OPA provided acidic matrix for the membranes. Polymeric membranes have minimal environmental effects and hence we focused on these membranes for fuel cell applications. These membranes were prepared by physical blending and casting methods. The cellulose acetate was dissolved in the required amount of pure acetone to form a solution and subsequently activated using ECH at 45ºC for 6 h. Activated cellulose acetate and OPA was used in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 in this study. PVA was added in the desired quantity. The approach allowed the membrane to have an excellent ion exchange capacity (IEC) and water uptake (WU) such as 1.14 meq/g and 11.83%, respectively.
Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At a time of increased social usage of net and collaborative applications, a robust and detailed theory of social presence could contribute to our understanding of social behavior in mediated environments, allow researchers to predict and measure differences among media interfaces, and guide the design of new social environments and interfaces. A broader theory of social presence can guide more valid and reliable measures. The article reviews, classifies, and critiques existing theories and measures of social presence. A set of criteria and scope conditions is proposed to help remedy limitations in past theories and measures and to provide a contribution to a more robust theory and measure of social presence.
CLO20-036: Comparative Outcomes of Patients With Locoregional Recurrent Disease Versus De Novo Locally Advanced NSCLC Treated With Definitive Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

"CLO20-036: Comparative Outcomes of Patients With Locoregional Recurrent Disease Versus De Novo Locally Advanced NSCLC Treated With Definitive Therapy" published on 20 Mar 2020 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
Evaluating Initial Public Acceptance of Highly and Fully Autonomous Vehicles

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is expected to dramatically increase road safety. Understanding the public's initial perceptions and acceptance of AV is imperative because these aspects are likely to determine the future evolution of AVs. This study focuses on public perceptions and acceptance of the two highest levels of vehicle automation – highly autonomous vehicle (HAV) and fully autonomous vehicle (FAV). We drew from the conversation on trust and developed a psychological model to explain three acceptance measures, namely, general acceptance, behavioral intention to use, and willingness to pay (WTP). Using a between-subject survey (N = 742), we determined that the respondents held a stronger belief of benefits from FAV than from HAV. Trust in AV retained a direct effect as well as an indirect effect (mainly through perceived benefit) on the three acceptance measures. In comparison with perceived risk, perceived benefit exerted a higher direct effect on AV acceptance and a higher mediating effect on the trust–acceptance relationship. A prediction analysis further demonstrated that the model exhibited acceptable predictive capability for public acceptance. We drew certain implications for increasing AV acceptance.
Natural Heterobilharzia americana Infection in Horses in Texas

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The schistosome Heterobilharzia americana infects dogs, raccoons, and other mammals in the southeastern United States. Migration of eggs into the liver results in parasitic granulomas with varying degrees of fibrosis and inflammation. Recently, hepatic parasitic granulomas in horses were shown to be caused byH. americana infection. In the present study, samples of liver from 11 of 12 horses with hepatic granulomas identified at necropsy (n 11) or surgical biopsy (n 1) were used for DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing using primers specific for a portion of the H. americana small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. A polymerase chain reaction amplicon of the correct size was produced from the extracted DNA in 8 of the 11 horses. Amplicons from 5 of the 8 positive horses were sequenced and had 100 % identity with H. americana. In all but 2 of the 12 horses, Heterobilharzia was not responsible for the primary clinical disease, and the hepatic granulomas were considered an incidental finding.
An Ectonucleotide ATP-diphosphohydrolase Activity in Trichomonas vaginalis Stimulated by Galactose and Its Possible Role in Virulence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This work describes the ability of living Trichomonas vaginalis to hydrolyze extracellular ATP (164.0 ± 13.9 nmol Pi / h × 10 7 cells). This ecto-enzyme was stimulated by ZnCl 2 , CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 , was insensitive to several ATPase and phosphatase inhibitors and was able to hydrolyze several nucleotides besides ATP. The activity was linear with cell density and with time for at least 60 min. The optimum pH for the T. vaginalis ecto-ATPase lies in the alkaline range. ᴅ-galactose, known to be involved in adhesion of T. vaginalis to host cells, stimulated this enzyme by more than 90%. A comparison between two strains of T. vaginalis showed that the ecto-ATPase activity of a fresh isolate was twice as much as that of a strain axenically maintained in culture, through daily passages, for several years. The results suggest a possible role for this ecto-ATPase in adhesion of T. vaginalis to host cells and in its pathogenicity.
Revisiting Past Assignments: Do Precalculus Students Learn More from Revising or Discussing Their Work?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractIn introductory math courses such as precalculus, students often have difficulty with assignments that require explanations or synthesizing knowledge. When students receive low scores on such assignments, instructors often wish to help students understand the material they struggled with. A common strategy is to allow the students to revise and resubmit the assignment. In a study of a precalculus course, I investigate the effects on learning and confidence of two strategies: allowing homework revisions and offering extra points for meeting with the instructor to discuss the assignment. The data indicate that discussions appeared to have the greatest effect on quiz scores and confidence, although both strategies were beneficial when compared to using neither strategy. In addition, this article looks at student perceptions of the strategies.Keywords: Writinghomeworkrevisionresubmissionoffice hoursdiscussionwriting in mathematicsprecalculus DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsR. EpsteinR. Epstein earned her PhD in Mathematics from the University of Chicago. Her interests include inquiry-based learning, inclusive classroom practices, alternate grading methods such as standards-based grading, computability theory, reading science fiction, and cats.
Interpretable artificial intelligence-based transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy detection in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The concurrent presence of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with severe aortic stenosis (AS) is frequently observed. Objective This study aims to develop a multimodal artificial intelligence-based model for ATTR-CM detection in patients with severe AS. Methods A total of 263 prospectively enrolled (57% males, 83±4.6 years) patients with severe AS were enrolled. All underwent DPD-scintigraphy, and coexisting ATTR-CM was confirmed in 27 (10.3%). 4D-cardiac computed tomography (CT), electrocardiogram, echocardiography, angiography, clinical, and laboratory data were assessed. Specifically, in the 4D-CT, LV myocardial radiomics features as well as global- and segmental myocardial strain. All features underwent z-score normalization, and those with high correlation were eliminated. Different feature selection and machine learning (ML) techniques were used for classification in single- and multimodality scenarios. Eighty percent of the dataset was used for pre-processing, feature extraction, and tuning, with the remaining 20% for evaluating the final model. The model's effectiveness was assessed with accuracy, F1 score, and ROC-AUC across 100 random seeds to establish a reliable classifier. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) model is used to interpret the output of ML models. Results Among the different algorithms used, Logistic Regression offers the most effective detection of ATTR-CM, surpassing other models with AUC scores of 0.85. CT strain (AUC: 0.85), Radiomics (AUC: 0.76), and clinical features (AUC: 0.70) alone and in combination yielded the highest performance (i.e., AUC: &gt;70), while the remaining modalities had AUC scores ranging from 0.52 to 0.56. Conclusion The study shows that AI is effective for non-invasively detecting ATTR-CM in severe aortic stenosis patients, offering a potential alternative to costly DPD-scintigraphy or invasive biopsy.
Granulocyte reactions after homœopathic high potencies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

* A paper delivered at the 25th International Homœopathic Congress, Amsterdam, 1961. Translated from the German. We regret that it has not been possible to reproduce the slides in colour but hope that even in the black and white reproductions the changes in the oxydase granules will be sufficiently clear. We also regret that it has not been possible to reproduce all the slides mentioned in the text.