jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The portrait drawings of Hans Holbeinthe Younger: function and use exploredthrough materials and techniques

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines the materials and techniques of sixteenth century artist Hans Holbein the
Younger, with particular reference to his portrait drawings. The research reinstates the drawings
as the primary source-material for investigation, thereby demonstrating the link between the
materials and techniques chosen by Holbein, and the function or end-use of the drawings.
Although around one hundred Holbein portrait drawings survive, the focus of this research is the
eighteen that relate to currently attributed oil and miniature paintings. By focusing the research
in this manner, it is possible to establish how Holbein constructed and used the drawings in the
preparation of the finished oil painting. Furthermore, it explains how his choice and use of
materials and techniques can help to establish the original context and function of the drawings.
An important outcome of this research is a detailed description of the eighteen drawings that
relate to a painted portrait. Having developed an effective method of examining and describing
Holbein’s drawings, this research provides a thorough analysis of the materials and techniques
used by him. This not only increases our understanding of his drawing processes, but also
broadens the limitations of traditional connoisseurship by offering a more accessible tool,
allowing objective visual analysis of an artist’s technique. This method of investigation can be
applied to drawings in a wider context of sixteenth century artistic production. Moreover, it can
also be used as a potential model for how to effectively ‘read’ a drawing in order to better
understand its function and method of production. The results inform art historical and
conservation research.
A comprehensive, systematic visual examination of the drawings has helped to reveal new
information on Holbein’s methods and materials, and offers insights into 16th century workshop
practice. In many cases examination has clarified the sequence in which the media was laid down.
Holbein’s emphasis on the contours that define sitters’ features has been much disputed, and their
role, media, and application methods were unclear. What has previously been described as
metalpoint marks were discovered by the author to be indentations, which have become filled
with loose media, thereby giving the appearance of a drawn line. The indentations actually show
evidence of tracing of the salient lines that capture likeness for transfer. The research has also
revealed that red chalk was the preliminary media for defining features, and that Holbein
developed standardised techniques for rendering flesh tones, making the drawing process more
efficient. It is apparent that Holbein chose techniques to fulfill a particular role, and that there are
clear links between these techniques and their location on a drawing.
EPNs Exhibit Repulsion to Prenol in Pluronic Gel Assays.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are lethal parasites of insects that have become valuable in biological control and as a model system for studying host-parasite interactions, behavioral ecology, neurobiology, and genomics, among other fields. Their ability to locate hosts is paramount to successful infection and host seeking has been extensively studied in many species in the lab. Here, we explored the usefulness of pluronic gel as a medium to assess EPN host seeking in the lab by characterizing the response of Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, S. riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and H. indica to the odor prenol. We found that the infective juveniles (IJs) of these species were repelled by prenol in pluronic gel. We then evaluated how storing the IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. glaseri for different amounts of time affected their behavioral responses to prenol. The response of S. carpocapsae was significantly affected by the storage time, while the responses of S. feltiae and S. glaseri were unaffected. Our data support the notion that pluronic gel is a useful medium for studying EPN behavior and that the response of S. carpocapsae to informative odors is significantly affected by long-term storage.
Teacher Attunement: Supporting Student's Peer Experiences in the Early Elementary Classroom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This multi-method, longitudinal study examines the role of teacher attunement (teacher accuracy in identifying the peer group memberships of individual students) in children's peer experiences in early elementary classrooms (1st-3rd grades). Social cognitive mapping (SCM) procedures assessed and compared students' and teachers' reports of peer groups. Peer nominations assessed students' social reputations as popular and as leaders and student-SCM reports assessed students' social network centrality. To account for the nested structure of the data, Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling procedures were used. Findings suggested that early elementary grade school teachers tended to have a low attunement to students' peer group memberships. However, when teachers were highly attuned to children's peer group memberships in the fall, results indicated that students were more likely to be perceived as popular and as leaders in the spring and students were more likely to be socially embedded in the classroom social network in the spring. Findings regarding teacher attunement are discussed in reference to teachers' invisible hand and the role of teacher attunement in creating classroom contexts where positive and productive peer relationships are established.
Comparative Assessment of Potassium Sorbate and Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum, L.) on Quality Alteration in Chilled Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, comparative assessment of potassium sorbate and clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) on the quality characteristics of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) during storage at 2°C for 20 days has been investigated. Both potassium sorbate and clove oil application retarded lipid oxidation during 20 days of storage. There were no significant differences between peroxide values (PV) of potassium sorbate and clove oil treated crayfish samples. At day 20, CO1 group showed the lowest FFA content. Least TMAB was observed in 1% clove oil treated samples throughout the storage period. Clove oil treated samples had significantly lower PBC then the control and potassium sorbate treated crayfish samples during storage period. After 10 days of storage, control samples were microbiologically unacceptable. 1% clove oil treatment was more effective than 1% potassium sorbate treatment in preventing growth of molds and yeast throughout the storage period.
Modulation Doping of GaAs/AlGaAs Core–Shell Nanowires With Effective Defect Passivation and High Electron Mobility

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Reliable doping is required to realize many devices based on semiconductor nanowires. Group III-V nanowires show great promise as elements of high-speed optoelectronic devices, but for such applications it is important that the electron mobility is not compromised by the inclusion of dopants. Here we show that GaAs nanowires can be n-type doped with negligible loss of electron mobility. Molecular beam epitaxy was used to fabricate modulation-doped GaAs nanowires with Al0.33Ga0.67As shells that contained a layer of Si dopants. We identify the presence of the doped layer from a high-angle annular dark field scanning electron microscopy cross-section image. The doping density, carrier mobility, and charge carrier lifetimes of these n-type nanowires and nominally undoped reference samples were determined using the noncontact method of optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy. An n-type extrinsic carrier concentration of 1.10 ± 0.06 × 10(16) cm(-3) was extracted, demonstrating the effectiveness of modulation doping in GaAs nanowires. The room-temperature electron mobility was also found to be high at 2200 ± 300 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and importantly minimal degradation was observed compared with undoped reference nanowires at similar electron densities. In addition, modulation doping significantly enhanced the room-temperature photoconductivity and photoluminescence lifetimes to 3.9 ± 0.3 and 2.4 ± 0.1 ns respectively, revealing that modulation doping can passivate interfacial trap states.
Risky rescues revisited

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay replies to Phillip Reichling’s recent article in this journal defending a principle of rescue I proposed, but rejected, in my paper, ‘Climbing high and letting die’ (2021). I argued that ‘the comparable risk principle’ imposes unreasonable demands on adventure sport athletes, for it implies that because they assume substantial risks for sport, they have duties to assume comparable risks to rescue others – duties that would otherwise be supererogatory precisely because of the risks involved. Reichling (2022) defends the principle and contends that once these athletes have assumed substantial risks for sport, they cannot reasonably claim that a rescue that involves comparable risks is too risky. I argue here, however, that Reichling fails to recognize that one can have good personal reasons for assuming risks that do not prevent one from reasonably citing comparable risks as a justification for not rescuing others. So although adventure sport athletes assume risks for personal reasons, it does not follow that they have a duty to assume comparable risks to rescue others. Reichling’s defence of the comparable risk principle is therefore unsuccessful.
Developing manufacturing agility in SMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The problem of manufacturing in the late twentieth century can be seen as the latest version of two long-standing puzzles to do with responding to demanding internal and external environments. The continuing search for solutions to these puzzles leads to investment in innovation - via R&D, technology transfer, etc. But evidence suggests that the key requirement is not solving the puzzle for one set of circumstances but in continually solving problems as the puzzles mutate. This places emphasis on organisational capability - it is not what you know or what you can buy but how well you learn and adapt which is the key. We term this "manufacturing agility" - and this paper explores the definition in terms of the "dynamic capability" view of strategic management. This paper draws on case study research being carried out as part of a major UK program of work in manufacturing agility. The paper presents a reference model which seeks to explain and guide the development of agility within manufacturing enterprises.
Genetic diversity and QTL-marker association analysis of rice germplasm for grain number per panicle and its contributing traits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice is one of the leading cereal crops that consumed over half of the world’s population. The number of grains per panicle is the main trait to decide grain yield potential of rice. Rice germplasm have rich diversity for panicle related trait. Hence, a study was undertaken to screen 77 diverse rice germplasm for grain number per panicle and its contributing traits. Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis was performed to study genetic diversity among the germplasm. Eight clusters were formed and cluster IV was found to be the largest cluster with 37 genotypes. Cluster V had 20 genotypes with the highest cluster mean value of 298 for the number of grains per panicle. Grain yield per plant and the number of spikelets per panicle were found to be the biggest contributor for total divergence. QTL linked markers were screened in diverse rice germplasm. Among the six QTLs screened, five QTLs were significantly associated with grain number per panicle and its relevant traits. For grain number per panicle the QTLs, Gn1a (0.1058), qGN 4.1 (0.117) and NGP 4 (0.062) recorded high R2 values. Among the markers, Gn1a indel 3 (GN1a), NKSSR 04-19 (q GN 4.1), RM 6314 (NGP 4) and RM1183 (NOG 1) were identified as the most informative markers for utilization in marker assisted breeding programme. From this study, genotypes viz., Kallukar, CO52, IET 29504, IET 29506, RP-5594-97-5-1, MTU1360, ADT 54 possess high mean value for grain number per panicle and grain yield, linked with functional markers could be used as a donor in marker assisted breeding programme.
Mode I fracture toughness of CFRP as a function of temperature and strain rate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Composite structures currently used in the automotive industry must meet strict requirements for safety reasons. They need to maintain strength under varied temperatures and strain rates, including impact. It is therefore critical to fully understand the impact behaviour of composites. This work presents experimental results regarding the influence of a range of temperature and strain rates on the fracture energy in mode I, G IC , of carbon fibre reinforced plastic plates. To determine G IC as a function of temperature and strain rate, double cantilever beam specimens were tested at 20, 80 and −30℃, with strain rates of 0.2 and 11 s −1 . A complementary numerical study was performed with the aim of predicting strength using the measured values. This work has demonstrated a significant influence of the strain rate and temperature on G IC of the composite materials, with higher strain rates and lower temperatures causing a decrease in the G IC values.
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle associated with the Caputo fractional derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we establish the Heisenberg’s uncertainty inequality associated with the Caputo derivative of order q ∈ (1, ∞) in the generalized Bargmann–Fock space. We also determine exactly when the equality occurs in the uncertainty inequality. It is done by estimating the growth of the eigenvalues of the commutator [Dq,zq]. We prove that the sequence of eigenvalues of [Dq,zq] tends to ∞ when the fractional order q belongs to (1, ∞). However, the sequence converges to zero when q belongs to (0, 1), which shows different behavior. Hence, only a weak uncertainty inequality is obtained for the latter case.
CORRELATIONAL BETWEEN QUIZIZZ AS DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR LEARNING ENGLISH TOWARDS READING ABILITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aimed of this research was to determine (1) Quizizz application in learning English of the eight grade SMP N 11 Surakarta, (2) to find out the students’ reading ability of the eight grade of SMP N 11 Surakarta, and (3) to find out whether or not there is correlation of study between Quizizz and students’ reading ability of students in graden 8 SMP Negeri 11 Surakarta in the Academic year 2022/2023. This researcher was conducted at the eight grade of SMP Negeri 11 Surakarta in the academic year 2022/2023. Researcher used quantitative methods with correlation techniques. The researcher give questionnaire to 30 participants in order to gather the data quizizz in learning reading English in a class. The questionnaire used consisted of 30 items. Then, to measure the ability reading students, this research used a reading test for students. In data analysis, students’ questionnaires were measured using a Likert Scale, and reading tests were measured using Suharsimi Arikunto’s categories reading achievement. The findings of this research indicate that there are positive about correlation of research between quizizz and students’ reading English ability. It is proven by the results of calculation of ((rxy) 0.615) > rtable in the significant table 5% (0.374) and 1% (0.478). Then, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is therefore deemed to be accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Therefore, in this research it can be concluded that there is a positive the correlation of research between quizizz as digital platform and students’ reading English ability. This means quizizz has higher impact, the better students’ reading ability. Keywords : Quizizz, Reading English Ability, Correlational Study
SEX AND MARITAL STATUS: SELF-ASSIGNMENT TO SOCIAL CLASS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within recent years, three somewhat different conceptual models have been used to describe the assessment of general social status for women. The present study uses data from the 1975 General Social Survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center to construct path diagrams showing the effects of a number of independent variables on subjectively assigned social class or gene ral social status. Although none of the conceptual models is conclu sively valid, the 1975 data continue to indicate that the characteris tics of the male head of the household in which she lives are the most influential factors studied in determining a woman's self assignment to social class.
Pengaruh Sertifikasi Halal, Religiusitas, dan Halal Awareness terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen UMKM

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the influence of halal certification, religiosity, and halal awareness on the purchase intention of small, micro, and medium enterprises (UMKM) products at Masjid Salman ITB. Using a quantitative approach, this research involved 110 respondents as a sample and employed Smart PLS 3 as the analytical tool. The results indicate that all three independent variables have a positive and significant impact on purchase intention. The halal certification of Masjid Salman ITB serves as a halal assurance that enhances consumer trust, while the level of religiosity strengthens preferences for halal products. Additionally, halal awareness encourages consumers to be more selective in choosing products that align with Islamic values. These findings emphasize the importance of halal aspects in UMKM marketing strategies to enhance competitiveness and consumer trust.
[Functional insulin therapy courses adapted to the patient's reality].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Therapeutic education was initially developed in the field of diabetology. In this chronic disease, it is the patient who is the major decision-maker. R. K. Bernstein is probably the first patient to have practised self glucose monitoring. He developed the basal-bolus technique for himself, which prompted the creation of functional insulin therapy courses by European physicians. This experiential approach has been adapted and simplified for patients in order to facilitate their management of uncertainty. The ASKAR method offers a frame of reference for the development of teaching-learning sequences. The acronym ASKAR refers to the five components of a person's experience: Action, Situation, Knowledge, Attitude and Resource. Working on these five components is a way for patients to improve their management of uncertainty.
Reconceptualising the Third Space of Legal Translation: A Study of the Court of Justice of the European Union

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper explores the concept of legal translation as a Third Space through the lens of the ‘multilingual’ Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ). In many ways legal translation at that Court fits readily with the characterisation of translation as a Third Space. Due to complex internal production processes the ECJ produces texts which are undoubtedly hybrid in nature, and which exhibit distinctive features on a lexical and textual level marking them out as a product of cross-fertilisation of influences from source and target languages and legal cultures. Even the teleological approach taken towards legal reasoning at the ECJ occupies a space outside the strict confines of the texts involved. Both the processes and the product of the ECJ’s language system appear to bear all the hallmarks of translation as a Third Space. However, translation at the ECJ also challenges the concept of a Third Space. The prevailing definitions of translation as a Third Space fail to effectively conceptualise additional nuances of the specific nature of drafting and the complex nature of translation at the ECJ. This paper uses original empirical data to demonstrate that translation at the ECJ places constraints on the undefined, vague and fluid nature of the Third Space, warping the forces at work within that space. In this regard, rather than an amorphous space, the Third Space is better thought of as a determinate area which is delimited by elements of translation process which constrain it. This adapted framing of the Third Space can consequently be used to better understand and illustrate the dynamics at play in other areas of legal translation where the current concept of the Third Space is equally inadequate for encompassing the specific nature of translation practices which impact on that space-in-between.
A Darwinian nightmare for humans: poison hemlock, Conium maculatum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Of all the invasive species known to humans, poison hemlock, Conium maculatum, is certainly among the most successful. This paper investigates why it has had such success, particularly in North America, which has only been colonized by poison hemlock for approximately 200 years. Doing a comparative assessment of peer-reviewed studies regarding the plant and its many ecological and evolutionary traits proved to be an effective way of characterizing the biogeographic nature of the species. The spread of poison hemlock has resulted in innumerable economical and environmental costs; in understanding it, preventative measures could possibly be developed. Its success is largely due to two abilities: the ability to defend itself via lethal poisons, and the ability to colonize disturbed habitats. Colonization is enhanced by seeds which do not germinate until ideal environmental conditions are met. The plant is notably allelopathic, producing chemicals that kill almost anything that feeds on it. Poison hemlock is also a fierce competitor with other plants, with almost every ideally competitive trait having been selected for over the course of its evolution.
Effect of Same Nutritional Components on the Enzyme Activity of Some Fungal Isolate (Aspergillus niger) in Common Carp Diets (Syprinus carpio L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The current study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of using powdered ( Asperjillius niger ) in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) . 72 fish were used, with an average weight of 3.24 g/fish, distributed randomly into three treatments, with three replicates for each treatment (6/fish / tank). Three diets were made with identical content and different addition percentages. The percentage of 33%, 66%, and 100% were used for treatments, T1, T2, and T3, respectively in addition to the compatriot treatment, which was devoid of Asperjillius . n powder. The fish were fed for 30 days with 4% of the biomass. The results indicated that the protease enzymes (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) were distributed along digestive tract of the studied part (Anterior, middle, and Posterior) of the intestine. The results of statistical analysis also indicated that the value of the posterior part of the intestine differed significantly (P≤0.05) from those recorded in the Anterior and middle part of intestine. The three treatments showed the highest enzymatic activity (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) after 30 days of feeding the fish, which differed significantly with the Posterior part of the intestine for all treatments, while the highest enzymatic activity was recorded in the middle part of the intestine. This study showed that ( Aspergillius niger ) can be substituted for soybean meal up to 100% without there being a negative effect on the enzymatic activity of the (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) enzymes.