jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scientific Literacy in Indonesian Secondary Education: Are We Ready to be Scientifically Literate Society?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The curriculum in Indonesia plays a pivotal role in equipping students with scientific literacy. It is important to undertake an exhaustive examination of curriculum documents to gauge how much scientific literacy is embedded within the curriculum and how effectively it fosters such literacy. Thus, this research aims to elucidate the presence of scientific literacy dimensions within the educational framework of Indonesia, thereby reflecting the government’s commitment to nurturing scientifically literate societies. This study uses a qualitative approach to analyze Indonesian curriculum documents while employing data triangulation to ensure the research’s validity and credibility. The findings indicate that the competencies outlined in the curriculum align with the dimensions of scientific literacy. This suggests that the Indonesian curriculum is designed to cultivate scientifically literate communities. However, further studies are required regarding implementing scientific literacy in the classroom.
Towards a theory of chaos explained as travel on Riemann surfaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a more complete version than hitherto published of our explanation of a transition from regular to irregular motions and more generally of the nature of a certain kind of deterministic chaos. To this end we introduced a simple model analogous to a three-body problem in the plane, whose general solution is obtained via quadratures all performed in terms of elementary functions. For some values of the coupling constants the system is isochronous and explicit formulas for the period of the solutions can be given. For other values, the motions are confined but feature aperiodic (in some sense chaotic) motions. This rich phenomenology can be understood in remarkable, quantitative detail in terms of travel on a certain (circular) path on the Riemann surfaces defined by the solutions of a related model considered as functions of a complex time. This model is meant to provide a paradigmatic first step towards a somewhat novel understanding of a certain kind of chaotic phenomena.
A single dose of quercetin lowers blood pressure in hypertensive but not prehypertensive males

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previously we reported that 730 mg/d quercetin (Q) for 28 d reduces blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects without affecting systemic markers of oxidative stress. Q supplementation in hypertensive rodents lowers BP by decreasing ACE activity. We hypothesized that a single dose of Q would lower BP and ACE activity in hypertensive males. A preliminary study conducted in normotensive males (n=6) indicated that maximal plasma Q concentrations (2.33 ± 0.72 μM) occurred 10 h after ingesting 1095 mg Q and levels returned to baseline (0.45 ± 0.06 μM) by 24 h. Based on these data hypertensive (n = 6, 40 ± 11 y, BMI < 35) and prehypertensive (n = 5, 48 ± 10 y, BMI < 35) males consumed a low Q diet for 7 days. Participants then ingested placebo (P) or 1095 mg Q, with each treatment separated by >48 h. BP (mmHg), heart rate (HR), and blood samples to assess ACE activity (U/L) were obtained 10 h later after an overnight fast. In hypertensive males systolic BP (139 ± 3 vs. 149 ± 3) and mean BP (105 ± 3 vs. 112 ± 3) were decreased (p<0.05) by Q vs. P treatment, respectively. ACE activity was not different between the Q (16 ± 4 U/L) and P (18 ± 4 U/L) treatments. BP, HR, and ACE activity were similar 10 h following Q and P in prehypertensive subjects. Thus, a single Q dose decreases BP in hypertensive but not prehypertensive males. Grant Funding Source: PEAK Academy of the University of Utah
Dermatoglyphics and saliva blood grouping can be used for sex identification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fingerprints and blood-groups constitute identifying characteristics of individuals. Correlation between dermatoglyphics and bloodgroups can be of use in victim identification. The aim of the present study was to determine accuracy of blood-group determination from saliva and to establish the association between distribution of fingerprint pattern and blood-groups in gender identification. 100 dental undergraduate students aged 18–22 years participated in the study. Fingerprint pattern was determined using Ink Method. ABO blood-grouping was done from saliva using the absorption-elution method. Present study showed that, most common fingerprint pattern was Loops (60%), followed by Whorls (26%) and Arches (14%). Most common blood-group was B, followed by A and O. Higher percentage of secretors in saliva was observed with females (86%) as compared to males (80%). In males, most common blood-group was AB while A was more common in females. In males, arches were most common finger print pattern (60%) whereas in females loops (55%) and whorls (52%) were more common. The study reports association between blood-group and dermatoglyphics which may help in gender identification in Forensic Medicine. It also suggests that saliva can used for ABO bloodgroup determination when blood stains are not available at crime-site.
SH1102864.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Micronesia: Trust Betrayed: Altruism vs Self Interest in American Foreign Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Micronesia: Trust Betrayed: Altruism vs Self Interest in American Foreign Policy. By Donald F. McHenry. (New York: Carnegie Endowment For International Peace, 1975. xiii + 260 pp. Map, appendixes, notes, bibliographical notes, and index. Cloth, $10.00; paper, $4.95.) Get access F. P. King F. P. King Metropolitan State College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 64, Issue 1, June 1977, Pages 197–198, https://doi.org/10.2307/1888361 Published: 01 June 1977
Magnetic impurity effect in atomic sized conductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the electrical conductance in Au nanowire containing 0.07 at.% Fe ions and Cu nanowire containing 13 at.% Mn ions with mechanically controllable break junction technique to investigate the magnetic impurity effects in the atomic-sized conductance. We observe not only conductance steps at the integer multiples of G 0 = 2e 2 /h, but also steps deviating from them. The scattering between the conduction electrons and impurity ions lifts the spin degeneracy of the transmission probability, which may be responsible for the deviation.
Methyl Donor Nutrient Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from 3 Large US Cohorts (OR15-02-19)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: DNA methylation may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DNA methylation can be influenced by methyl donor nutrients such as vitamins B2, B6, B12, folate, and methionine, which are all central to one carbon metabolism. Using 3 large cohorts of US health professionals, we examined whether intake of these nutrients from food or supplements is associated with T2D risk. METHODS: We included 69,949 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2012), 90,239 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2011), and 40,539 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2010). Dietary data were collected every 2–4 years using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ, from which dietary intakes of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and methionine were calculated. We used Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariates and adjusted for several sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. We also adjusted for cereal fiber, animal protein, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids ratio. Food sources of vitamins were additionally adjusted for multivitamin use while supplemental sources of vitamins were adjusted for a measure of overall diet quality. RESULTS: During 1763,428 years of follow-up, we documented 8141 T2D cases. In pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared to those in the lowest quintile, those in the highest quintile of vitamins B2 and B6 had a 10% (95% CI 3%–16%) and 11% (95% CI 3%–16%) lower T2D risk, respectively. Total vitamin B12 intake was not associated with T2D. However, when analyses were stratified by source, vitamin B12 from food sources was associated with a higher T2D risk (HR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.02–1.19]). On the other hand, supplemental vitamin B12 was associated with lower T2D risk (HR [95% CI] for Q5 vs Q1 = 0.92 [0.85–0.98]). We found no evidence for an association between intakes of folate and methionine and T2D risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that higher intakes of vitamin B2 and vitamin B6 are associated with a lower T2D risk. A higher vitamin B12 intake from food seems to be associated with a higher T2D risk, which may be due to consumption of animal products. FUNDING SOURCES: The analysis was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of 6 different schemes for treating community type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the economic effect,adverse reactions and curative effect of 6 kinds of different schemes on treating type 2 diabetes.Methods 230 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 6 groups according to 6 kinds of different treatment schemes.The economic effectiveness,adverse reactions and medication effects were analyzed before treatment and after12-weeks treatment.Six kinds of different treatment schemes were as follows:metformin(group A),repaglinide(group B),insulin injection(group C),metformin+ repaglinide(group D),insulin injection + metformin(group E) and metformin + acarbose(group F).Results Among various groups,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2 h postmeal blood glucose(2 h PBG) and(glycosylated hemoglobin) HbA1c in the group D and E were ideally controlled with relatively low costs.Conclusion The treatment schemes in various groups have better efficacy in treating type 2 diabetes.The scheme in the group D is better in line with the principles of pharmacoeconomics.
Variable selection of high-dimensional non-parametric nonlinear systems: A way to avoid the curse of dimensionality

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a numerically efficient algorithm for variable selection for high-dimensional nonlinear non-parametric systems. It is based on the average derivatives and relies on one dimensional estimates of the density function and its derivative. Thus it avoids the curse of dimensionality usually encountered for high-dimensional systems. Theoretical analysis is provided and shows that the conditions derived are sufficient for a variable to contribute, and necessary and almost sufficient for a variable not to contribute for a class of nonlinear systems. Further, convergence results are established.
Linear stability analysis of river meander with gradual bed aggradation/degradation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is commonly observed that river channels become unstable to shift their courses repeatedly particularly when bed aggradation is taking place. On the contrary, river channels are stable and maintain their courses under bed degradation. We study the effect of bed aggradation and degradation on stability of river channels. We perform linear stability analysis of channel meander taking account of gradual bed aggradation and degradation. It is found from the analysis that bed aggradation decreases stability of channels and induce channel meandering while bed degradation stabilize channels and inhibit channel meandering.
System analysis of flight and passenger trip delays in the National Airspace System (NAS)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary objective of the National Airspace System (NAS) is the transportation of passengers and cargo. It is no surprise, therefore, that passenger trip time performance is positively correlated with passenger satisfaction, airfare elasticity, and airline profits. Regulatory consumer information available to airline passengers provides measures of trip performance using only flight data (and not passenger trip data). Previously, researchers, using a small set of proprietary airline data, demonstrated that trip delays experienced by passengers due to missed connections, cancelled flights, and delayed flights are not negligible. Further they showed that flight delay data cannot be used as a proxy for passenger trip delays. This paper describes a comparative statistical analysis between flight delay data and passenger trip delay data for one year's worth of flights on the 1030 single segment routes between the OEP-35 airports. The passenger trip data is derived from publicly available data-bases and accounts for delays experienced by passengers on single segment routes due to cancelled flights as well as delayed flights. The statistical analysis indicates that: (i) the percentage of on-time flights is statistically equivalent to the percentage of on-time passengers, (ii) the average passenger trip delay was 34 minutes in excess of the average flight delay, and (iii) average passenger trip delay for the worst 5% of delayed passengers was 150 minutes in excess of the flight delay. The implications of these results for consumers and consumer protection are discussed.
Analysis of the uses of 3D printing in NDT procedures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the manufacturing world, non-destructive testing (NDT) play a crucial role in ensuring quality and the integrity of the products. However, a great deal of money, effort and time is put into the manufacture and research of NDT tools. Precision machining and time-consuming production methods result in costly production of these tools. New methods of production are constantly developed, seeking to reduce the required cost and time. A possible alternative may come in the form of additive manufacturing (AM). Various industries are already incorporating these methods for production. High precision, low wastage of material and rapid production are only few of the benefits that AM provides. Therefore, in this study, we explore the possibilities with using additive manufacturing methods to reproduce fundamental inspection probes and defected specimens commonly used for NDT purposes.
Impacts of Siting Considerations on Offshore Wind Technical Potential in the United States

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

We estimated the technical potential for the offshore wind (OSW) resource in the United States under two siting regimes to characterize the uncertainty pertaining to the local drivers of siting within a national context. We established Open Access and Limited Access regimes to represent upper and lower bounds on OSW deployment, respectively. These included spatial constraints such as technology depth limits, military use areas, protected areas, existing infrastructure, shipping lanes and more. The same spatial considerations are also considered in the Limited Access regime, but with additional buffers to existing infrastructure as well as a reduced capacity density assumption. Capacity density is the concentration of wind energy development for a given area specified in terms of megawatts (MW) per square kilometer (km<sup>2</sup>). In the Open-Access regime we used a 5 MW/km<sup>2</sup> assumption, while in the Limited Access scenario we assumed 3 MW/km<sup>2</sup>. This difference reflects our intention for the Open-Access scenario to serve as an upper bound for OSW technical potential, with the Limited-Access scenario as a lower bound. We also applied three technology advancement scenarios to each of the siting regimes. The three technology scenarios (Conservative, Moderate, and Advanced) represent plausible improvements in turbine technology including increased rated power and higher hub heights.
Multi‐Functional Polyurethane Hydrogel Foams with Tunable Mechanical Properties for Wound Dressing Applications

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polyurethane hydrogel foams synthesized through a facile one‐pot, solvent‐free process are described. The roles of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight, crosslinking density, and foam stabilizer concentration on polymer properties are evaluated for potential applications as wound dressing materials. Material characterization and wound dressing relevant performance evaluations are performed to understand effects of individual components and identify promising formulations. Surprisingly for a solvent‐free reaction, complete polymerization is confirmed by IR and gel fraction analyses. Foam stabilizing agent loading increases mechanical properties including Young's modulus, extensibility, and toughness while decreasing pore size and drug release rate. Mechanical properties are also dependent on the crystalline melting temperature of the PEG diol. Utilizing caffeine as a drug surrogate, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) drug‐release analysis identifies that polyurethane hydrogel foams exhibit initial burst release kinetics followed by sustained release over 24 h. Antibiotic compatibility and release is demonstrated for all formulations by zone of inhibition testing against gram‐positive and negative bacteria. image
Agricultural Development in the World Periphery: A General Overview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of the Chapter 1 is to present a general overview of the agricultural development in the world periphery to serve as an introduction to this volume, whose aim is to provide a long-term perspective that allows a better understanding of the process of agricultural transformations. This process shows great diversity, especially concerning the drivers of change in regions with low levels of development, institutional restrictions, a variety of distances to the technological frontiers, and different modalities of participation in the international markets. The big trends and stylised facts of the world core and the agriculture of the periphery are described, and the content of each chapter is briefly introduced. Finally, some concluding remarks are proposed to answer the research question: what can we learn from history?
Fatty Acids Composition of Selected Malaysian Fishes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparative study on the fatty acids contents of three Malaysian marine fishes Tenualosa toli (Terubok), Rastrelliger kanagurta (Kembong), Stolephorus baganensis (Bilis) and three freshwater fishes Channa striatus (Haruan), Pangasius hypothalamus (Patin), Clarias macrocephalus (Keli) were carried out. Marine fishes showed more unsaturated fatty acids with 3, 4, 5 and 6 double bonds than in freshwater fishes. Two n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahaexaenoic acid (DHA) were found more in marine fishes PUFAs than in freshwater fishes. Based on the fatty acids content of DHA, EPA and arachidonic acid (AA), Stolephorus baganensis provides the best source of it (4.68%,10.5%, 4.68%) followed by Rastrelliger kanagurta (10.62%, 4.85%, 3.17%) and Tenualosa toli (9.93%, 2.50%, 0.16%). However, freshwater fishes showed small range of DHA (0.63% - 1.41%), EPA (0.11% - 0.25%) and AA (1.41% - 4.46%). Saturated fatty acids palmitic was the major fatty acid found in all fishes studied.
Roy H. BehnkeJr., The herders of Cyrenaica: ecology, economy and kinship among the Bedoin of Eastern Iibya, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Chicago and London, 1980, 197 pp ISBN 0-252-00729-8 price £7.20 paperback - Omar I. Fathaly and Monte Palmer Political development and social change in libya, Lexington Books, Lexington, Massachusetts, 1980, 230 pp, ISBN 0-669-01427-3 price £13.50 hardback.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

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[Initial Management of Status Epilepticus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Status epilepticus(SE)is defined as a prolonged seizure and is a common neurological emergency with high morbidity and mortality rates. As uncontrolled SE causes irreversible neurological damage, prompt diagnosis and treatment are required. If anti-seizure medications and benzodiazepines, which are initial treatments for SE, are not effective and SE deteriorates to refractory, anesthetic drugs are needed to suppress seizure activity under electroencephalogram(EEG)monitoring. Continuous EEG monitoring is useful not only for evaluating the control of SE but also for diagnosing non-convulsive SE(NCSE)and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. New-onset refractory status epilepticus is defined as refractory SE in a patient without active epilepsy and without a clear acute or active structural, toxic, or metabolic cause. Because autoimmune encephalitis is the most frequently identified cause, immunotherapy can be attempted in addition to antiepileptic treatment within 2 weeks. Although NCSE is the major cause of unconsciousness, diagnosis is difficult because of uncertain clinical symptoms. Continuous EEG monitoring over 24 h is crucial for diagnosis, although arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging is alternatively useful. Finally, the building of a multidisciplinary cooperation system is required for prompt diagnosis and intensive treatment for controlling SE.
On the Diversification, Observability, and Measurement of Estimation Risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reexamines how risk return relationships are affected by investor uncertainty about the exact parameters of the joint rate of return distribution. We attempt to clarify results relating to three central issues. First, we address the issue of diversification, focusing on an APT, factor model framework. Second, we discuss the observability of estimation risk and describe research experimental designs that should encompass the existence of estimation risk and reveal it in the data. Finally, we suggest exploiting contemporaneous return observations on high and low information securities to aid in the measurement of return parameters for low information securities.