jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On a hiding to nothing? assessing the corporate governance of hospital and health services in New Zealand 1993–1998

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In New Zealand the governance of public sector hospital and health services has changed significantly over the past decade. For most of the century hospitals had been funded by central government grants but run by locally elected boards. In 1989 a reforming Labour government restructured health services along managerialist lines, including changing governance structures so that some area health board members were government appointments, with the balance elected by the community. More market oriented reform under a new National government abolished this arrangement and introduced (1993) a corporate approach to the management of hospitals and related services. The hospitals were established as limited liability companies under the Companies Act. This was an explicitly corporate model and, although there was some modification of arrangements following the election of a more politically moderate centre-right coalition government in 1996, the corporate model was largely retained. Although significant changes occurred again after the election of a Labour government in 1999, the corporate governance experience in New Zealand health services is one from which lessons can, nevertheless, be learnt. This paper examines aspects of the performance and process of corporate governance arrangements for public sector health services in New Zealand, 1993–1998. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhetorical Strategies Implemented By The American Medical Association To Identify Roles Within The Interprofessional Healthcare Team

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Healthcare reform is introducing new models of care to serve complex patient needs, including expanded roles for nursing. This has resulted in interested parties debating formal definitions of provider roles in healthcare teams. The purpose of this study is to conduct a rhetorical criticism of content produced by the American Medical Association (AMA) concerning the role of providers within the healthcare team. THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: This study’s framework uses rhetorical criticism, an analysis of an organization’s “strategic use of symbols to generate meaning” (Hoffman & Ford, 2010). This analysis evaluates the rhetoric on its potential function both to influence the definition of provider roles and to critique how the organization’s potential power may be implemented. By understanding what the organization displays in its public texts, one can potentially infer the intentions of the organization. METHOD: Press releases and newsletter articles publicly available from the AMA website from 2010 to 2014 were selected based on their relevance to the discussion of healthcare team leadership. The texts were analyzed using a systematic approach to identify and describe rhetorical strategies. This is a systematic, rigorous method for deconstructing texts in order to draw conclusions about the choices a rhetor made in achieving a goal. The analysis was then further enhanced with relevant contextual and historical research, analyzing the development of health care professions as disciplines in the US, and the organization’s history itself in its development as a trade association. RESULTS: Rhetorical strategies used by the AMA include: Appealing to the values of patient safety, teamwork, and competent leaders of teams; and making logical arguments based on contradictions in lay definitions of teamwork and independence. These are used to argue for maintaining legal and financial interests for physicians within healthcare systems. Limitations include analyzing select materials publicly available without an AMA membership. CONCLUSIONS: Defining the role of members within the interprofessional team is of interest to healthcare providers and their representative organizations as new models of care attempt to increase quality, access, and value within the system. As nursing organizations attempt to expand nursing scope of practice at the state level, oppositional views of these bills should be understood to provide counterarguments and effectively engage stakeholders.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. CIP 400013

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Common name(s): Sweetpotato
Other names: PI 308208
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru
Local sample unique identifier: CIP 400013
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1991-09-27
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Travelling Companions: A Constraint Analysis of Pet Owners in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research are to explore the constraints that pets have on tourist travel, as well as the influence of these barriers on owners’ intentions of taking pets with them as travel companions. In this study, the scale developed by Chen, Peng and Hung (2014) was used as a data collection tool. The sample area included Turkey’s three largest cities: Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, with the study being the first of its kind in Turkey. The responses of 393 Turkish pet owners were examined through exploratory factor analysis. The results revealed three dimensions of pet-related tourism constraint, namely specific, interpersonal and structural. In addition, the contraints were determined to negatively affect owners’ previous travel experience in having pets included on tourist activities.
DendriPeps: Expanding Dendrimer Functionality by Hybridizing Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Scaffolds with Peptide Segments

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, the first synthesis of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers whose branches are hybridized with peptide segments (DendriPeps) is reported. The intercalation of amino acids within the branches of PAMAMs provides supplementary internal functionalities to the coronal groups. Four DendriPep prototypes are synthesized with lysine or glutamic acid as “guest” amino acids, displaying, respectively, a primary amine or a carboxyl group, on generation (G)2 and G3 PAMAMs as host scaffolds. The precise control over the number, type, and topological placement of functional groups expands the functional behavior of DendriPeps beyond current PAMAM dendrimers toward new frontiers or colloids, drug delivery vectors, and catalysis.
Gyrophaena affinis Mannerheim 1830

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

149. Gyrophaena affinis Mannerheim ‡ (Illustrations in Klimaszewski et al. 2009 c, 2011, 2018, 2020), Table 1 References. Mannerheim 1830. Casey 1906 (as G. lacustris Casey and G. subpunctata Casey). Seevers 1951. Klimaszewski et al. 2009 c, 2011, 2016c, 2018, 2020. Brunke et al. 2012, 2021. Enushchenko and Semenov 2016. Distribution. Holarctic or Palearctic, distribution status is not clear. Canada: AB, BC, MB, NB, NF, NS, ON, QC, SK. USA: AZ, DC, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, PA, TN, WA, WI, WV. Collection and Habitat data. No biological data associated with the NH record. Canadian data: in mixed forest, young mixed forest, fir forests, eastern white cedar swamp, mature red spruce forests, red maple forest, and red oak forest; on/in gilled mushrooms on forest floor, on log, and on a stump, on small gilled mushrooms on side of decayed log; in rotting mushrooms, in an orange bracket (polypore) fungus, on bracket fungus on white birch, and on Pleurotus sp. on dead standing Populus tremuloides (Klimaszewski et al. 2009c, 2018). Material. USA, New Hampshire, Carroll Co.: Intervale, A. Fenyes (Seevers 1951). Comments. More research is needed to determine the status of the Nearctic and Palearctic populations, though the level of genetic divergence between discrete Nearctic and Palearctic populations suggests that two sister species are involved (Brunke et al. 2021).
An Exploratory Study on the Treatment of Obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome by Nasal Cavity Expansion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Respiratory disorder is a disease with a very high incidence, in which obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome is the most harmful. It has become a common and frequently occurring disease, which seriously influences the health of the affected population. The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is numerous. With the continuous research on OSAHS disease, it has been found that one of its main pathogeneses is caused by the anatomical characteristics of upper airway obstruction induced during sleep. The narrowing and collapse of any plane can affect the ventilation of the upper respiratory tract. In recent years, with the deepening of research, the importance of the upper respiratory tract obstruction as a source of the disease has attracted increasing attention. Nasal stenosis can cause increased nasal resistance, increased pharyngeal inhalation negative pressure, soft palate collapse, and narrow pharyngeal cavity, resulting in open mouth breathing, which can be the initiating factor of the upper airway obstruction. With the development and popularization of nasal endoscopy technology, domestic and foreign scholars have reported more on the treatment of rhinogenic OSAHS with nasal cavity expansion, but they are different. There is still more controversy; the main controversy centered on the effective rate of surgical treatment and the improvement of objective indicators. Therefore, this study performed individualized nasal cavity expansion for patients with OSAHS who are mainly rhinogenic, from subjective symptoms, objective indicators, and effective rate of surgery. Methods and Patients. Conduct research and analysis to provide references for the clinical treatment of such patients. For patients with the obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome with nasal congestion, individualized nasal cavity expansion was performed to study the clinical effect of nasal cavity expansion in the treatment of OSAHS. This article mainly screens cases through big data and selects a large hospital in China to perform individualized nasal cavity expansion surgery to treat 43 adult OSAHS patients with nasal congestion. Results. There are uploaded sleep monitoring, nasal reflex, nasal resistance, and nasal symptoms before and after surgery. Conclusion. Spirometer examination records, along with apnea-hypopnea index and minimum arterial blood oxygen saturation, the minimum cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity, nasal cavity volume, nasal airway resistance, total nasal respiratory volume, and other information. Also we fill in the nasal obstruction symptom assessment scale, sleepiness scale, and study and analyze the surgical effect of nasal cavity expansion.
Angiotensin II metabolism and blood pressure in chronic renal disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A direct positive correlation has been found between mean blood pressure (MBP) and angiotensin II metabolic clearance rate (AII MCR) (p is less than 0.001) in 12 hypertensive patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) while it is not discernible in nine normals. A strong positive correlation appears between angiotensin II arterio-venous extraction (AII E) and total peripheral resistance in the two groups when analysed both jointly or separately (p is less than 0.001 in all instances). As MBP equals cardiac output (CO) x TPR and AII MCR equals CO x AII E percent, the only parameter which makes the two groups different in the relation MBP/AII MCR is the impairment of CO autoregulation in CRD cases. AII peripheral extraction and degradation is closely linked to the control of peripheral vascular resistance in the two groups.
The Economics of Litigation and Settlement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter and the next examine the decision by the parties to a legal dispute as to whether to settle out of court or go to trial. For the purposes of the analysis, the specific nature of the dispute is not relevant; all that matters is that one party—the plaintiff—is seeking some amount of money from the other party—the defendant—as compensation for damages the latter imposed on the former. Economists are interested in the resolution of legal disputes for at least three reasons. First, the manner in which they are resolved has an important effect on the cost of operating the legal system. Second, economic theory is useful in explaining and predicting how rational litigants will resolve disputes and can therefore offer suggestions for lowering the cost of litigation. Finally, the manner in which parties resolve disputes has implications for the structure of legal rules, which in turn affects investments in the future by individuals to avoid disputes in the first place.
Long-Term Experience with Dual Therapy in Multi-Experienced Patients. COMBINE Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Dual Antiretroviral Therapy (DT) has been evaluated as a successful treatment approach in various patient populations, including treatment-naïve and suppressed individuals. However, its effectiveness in experienced patients who become nonadherent due to pill burden, dosing frequency, and/or associated toxicities and develop resistance to it is uncertain. Objectives and Methods: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of DT involving dolutegravir (DTG), doravirine (DOR), and darunavir/ cobicistat (DRV/c) or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r 600/100 bid) in multi-experienced patients, both suppressed and unsuppressed. For patients experiencing treatment failure, genotypic resistance testing was conducted to evaluate drug efficacy. In cases without treatment failure, regimen selection was based on considerations such as previous toxicities, drug interactions, and clinical history. Results: A total of 72 multi-experienced patients were studied (one with more than one treatment) between 2015 and 2023, mostly men (64%), with ages between 37 and 73 (average 54 ± 9) and a time of infection between 4 and 24 years (median or mean 16 ± 5). The major risk for infection was heterosexual (63%), followed by intravenous drug users (23%). All of them presented with more than one therapeutic drug class resistance, and the most previously used regime was RAL+LPV/R in 18 patients (24%). The most frequent reason for switching was the development of resistance in 30 (41%) of the patients, followed by simplification of the number of doses or tablets in 31 (42%) patients. At the switch, DTG+DRV/c were used in 46 (62%) patients, followed by DTG+DRV/R 600 in 19 (26%) patients. At the end of follow-up, 82% had a viral load of less than 200 cps/mL, 79% less than 100 cps/mL, and 67% had complete viral suppression. Twelve patients were lost for follow-up; seven patients were off medications; and of these, three died with AIDS-defining illnesses. Four additional patients died of non-HIV-related causes, all virally suppressed. Conclusion: The extended evaluation period (6 years) demonstrated that the simplification for dual therapy in patients who were treatment experienced with prior adherence failure with consequent multi-resistant drug patterns is associated with a high degree of efficacy (82%). Many (18%) still dropped out, consistent with findings from other studies. The reduction of pill burden and toxicities are factors that, by promoting a higher adherence rate to treatment, may have contributed to this success.
Abe Kōbō (1924–1993)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abe Kōbō (1924–1993) was a pivotal shingeki playwright and director as Japanese contemporary theatre matured after World War II. Known also as a novelist, Abe addressed themes of Japan’s struggle to redefine itself after the social and physical devastations of World War II. He did so without following a specific socialist agenda, and before the rise of 1960s counterculture political activism characterised by angura theatre. His works of fiction and drama have surreal characteristics, and his drama verges on Absurdism.
[Nine years of trauma cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Trauma is one of the major cause of death in the young population. The patients treated due to trauma were evaluated retrospectively during the last nine years. 212 cases with trauma were hospitalised in our clinic, between 1.7.1990-11.4.1999. 190 (89.6%) of them were operated and 22 (10.4%) of them were observed selectively. 36 (17%) of the cases were female and 176 (83%) of them were male. The mean age was 32.4 (16-81). 93 (43%) of them were hospitalized following traffic accidents; 56 (26.4%) of them stab wounds, 33 (15.6%) of them gunshots and 30 (14.1%) of them blunt trauma. The diagnosis was done through the diagnostic peritoneal lavage 95.1% of the traffic accident cases. The diagnosis was performed through diagnostic peritoneal lavage 76.9% of the after blunt trauma cases. After gunshots the diagnosis was done by 59.4% of the cases with physical examination. Local lesion exploration helped us to establish the diagnosis 51.4% of the stab wound cases. The most frequent organ injury following traffic accidents is splenic injury and injury of small intestine following penetrating trauma. The amount of our negative laparotomy was more than in literature and 47 (24.7%) cases were accepted as negative exploration. Negative laparotomy was seen mostly by stab wounds (49%). 17 (77.3%) of the 22 cases observed selectively were the cases of the last two years. In the recent two years the amount our negative laparotomy was six and our negative laparotomy ratio is 14%. Our mortality and the morbidity rates were at the acceptable level.
Acute myocardial infarction during streptokinase therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 45‐year‐old man developed sequential inferolateral and anterior myocardial infarctions within 10 hours of a possible allergic reaction to oral penicillin. The anterior myocardial infarction occurred during apparently successful streptokinase therapy for the initial inferolateral infarction. Subsequent coronary arteriography confirmed a subtotal stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery and a complete thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. This case documents the occurrence of three rare clinical phenomena; first, the occurrence of sequential acute myocardial infarctions in close temporal proximity; second, the occurrence of myocardial infarction during thrombolytic therapy; and third, the association of myocardial infarction with a possible allergic reaction.
Effects of some factors on carotenoid biosynthesis by Rhodotorula Muclaginosa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Carotenoid compounds are the popular natural antioxidants which are often isolated from plants. There have been more and more researches on carotenoid biosynthesis towards lowering product prices. In this study, in order to produce carotenoid, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was grown on aqueous media composed of carbon source (glucose, glycerol), nitrogen source (yeast extract, (NH4)2SO4). The optimum nutrient concentration was 10g/L glucose, 10g/L glycerol, the ratio of yeast extract and (NH4)2SO4 (3:7). The fermentation time for obtaining the highest carotenoid yield was 10 days in our research condition. Additionally, some oxidative stress environment for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was be studied. The result has shown that the low level of Cu2+ (4.5mM) or 1% H2O2 solution (% v/v) in the fermentation media could increase the carotenoid biosynthesis.
Comparison of radiant intensity in aqueous media using experimental and numerical simulation techniques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Background Measurement of light intensity reaching a point of interest in complex systems is a challenge faced by academia and industry. This study analyzes an optical ray tracing method to predict the radiant intensity reaching a point of interest in a germicidal system. Methods Implementation was performed by analyzing how the method compares with the discrete ordinate method, radiometry, and actinometry. This study further quantified the effect of the photoreactor quartz tube on the measured intensity for multiple wavelengths. Results Light intensity losses were estimated to be 10 ± 0.5% for the FX-1 265 source. In contrast, the simulation in a water medium showed an increase of up to 64% in the light intensity delivered to the central part of the tube owing to internal reflections and scattering. Model predictions from ray tracing were successfully compared with the discrete ordinate method (DOM) and experimental data (within ± 6%), ensuring the accurate design of complex systems for water disinfection. Conclusions The data from simulations address the challenges faced in complex radiation modeling and demonstrate that the method can be utilized as a useful tool for optimization and prediction.
LHD 2O-AH01-03-03-NF #176040.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Environmental Health and Cartographic Representation: Dasymetric Mapping to Improve Analysis of Health Outcomes in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Brazilian Census occurs each ten years when the geometry of census blocks and census survey areas are remodeled according to the population growth. In 2010 Census, Sao Paulo presented 18,363 census blocks and 310 weighting census survey areas. Despite the fullness of census data, the cartographic representation presents important constraints regarding to population distribution. The geometry of census blocks does not exclude important uninhabited areas in the city as parks, cemeteries, airports, reservoirs and vegetation. This is most striking in the peri-urban interface where the land use is mixed and the census blocks have small population, occupying large areas and giving the notion that population is homogeneously distributed. Hence, when health data are mapped based on the total area of the administrative unit using the choropleth mapping technique, the cartographic representation leads to a distorted notion. Spatial analysis of environmental health issues regarding to water, soil and air pollutions, for instance, are disadvantaged when this kind of cartographic representation is applied. To address this misrepresentation we applied dasymetric concepts based on the polygons of the city blocks linked to the aggregated municipal fiscal cadastre. Then, we linked this detailed base map to the census blocks and weighting census survey areas identifiers, allowing mapping any health indicators and census variable on it. To better depict population distribution it was necessary to map the built-up areas and edit the official polygons of rural census blocks using satellite images and orthophotos. The complexity of a dasymetric map in urban areas as Sao Paulo can only be accomplished through the application of more than one classification method and ancillary data. This cartographic technique helps to improve spatial epidemiologic analysis of environmental health outcomes, since it is the unique that allows to better apprehend the environmental context.