jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Universal Actability of and with Knowledge: Managing and Communicating Knowledge with Patterns

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Managing and communicating information and knowledge with patterns entail a multitude of assumptions, interests, and validity claims. Patterns are socially constructed, and they may consequently be socially more or less acceptable or contested. Before the background of global diversity, the issue of universal actability of and with knowledge gains significance and calls for more reflections. In this context, this paper deals with some concepts for enabling reflective practice in applying and communicating knowledge.
A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial of Plitidepsin, a Marine-Derived Compound, in Hospitalized Adults With Moderate COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Plitidepsin has shown potent preclinical activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and was generally well tolerated in a phase I trial of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). NEPTUNO, a phase III, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of plitidepsin in the management of moderate COVID-19 in hospitalized adult patients. Methods Included patients had documented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, required oxygen therapy, and had adequate organ function. The planned sample size was 609 patients. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to at least 3 days of dexamethasone plus either plitidepsin (1.5 mg/day or 2.5 mg/day, for 3 days) or standard of care (control). The primary endpoint was the time to sustained withdrawal of supplemental oxygen. Secondary endpoints included time to sustained hospital discharge, clinical status, duration of oxygen support, percentage of patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit, and safety. Results After randomizing 205 patients, NEPTUNO was discontinued due to a notable drop in COVID-19–related hospitalizations. Available data suggest a 2-day improvement in the median time to sustained oxygen therapy discontinuation (5 vs 7 days) favoring both plitidepsin arms (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, .96–1.96; P = .08 for plitidepsin 1.5 mg vs control; hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, .73–1.53; P = .78 for plitidepsin 2.5 mg vs control). Plitidepsin was generally well tolerated. Conclusions Despite the trial limitations, these results suggest that plitidepsin may have a positive benefit-risk ratio in the management of patients requiring oxygen therapy. Further studies with plitidepsin, including those in immunosuppressed patients, are warranted. Results from this phase III trial suggest that plitidepsin, a first-in-class antiviral, may have a positive benefit-risk ratio in the management of hospitalized patients requiring oxygen therapy for moderate COVID-19.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Sulfate Source of Groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Sangu Spring Basin is located in an important economic area, and groundwater is the main source of water for local life and industry. Understanding the sources of chemical components in groundwater is important for the development and utilization of groundwater. In this paper, we analyzed the origin of the chemical components of groundwater and their evolution in the Sangu Spring Basin using statistical analysis, Piper diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and combined hydrochemistry–isotope analyses. The results show that the groundwater in the Sangu Spring Basin is mainly derived from atmospheric precipitation, that the groundwater in stagnant and confined environment zones was formed under colder climatic conditions, and that the surface water (SW) has a close hydraulic relation with the groundwater. Water–rock interaction is the main factor controlling the composition of groundwater. The compositions of groundwater are mainly derived from carbonate weathering, silicate weathering, and dissolution of gypsum. Na+ and K+ in groundwater mainly come from the dissolution of albite and potassium feldspar, rather than rock salt. Ion exchange occurs in karst groundwater (KGW) and fissure groundwater (FGW), and ion exchange is dominated by the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the groundwater with Na+ and K+ in the rock or soil. Sulfate in groundwater is derived from dissolution of gypsum, infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, and leakage of SW. Groundwaters with the highest sulfate content are located in the vicinity of SW, as a result of receiving recharge from SW seepage. Groundwaters with higher sulfate contents are located in the stagnant and deeply buried zones, where sulfate is mainly derived from the dissolution of gypsum. SW seepage recharges groundwater, resulting in increased levels of Cl−, NO3− and SO42− in groundwater. These insights can provide assistance in the protection and effective management of groundwater.
[Results and prospects for the clinical use of hyperthermia in oncology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Artificial controlled local and total hyperthermia combined with radio- and/or chemotherapy was used for the treatment of 1211 patients with malignant tumors of different sites. A study of the long-term results of 750 patients showed that the incorporation of hyperthermia in the schemes of combined and multimodality therapy resulted in a significant increase in the 5-year survival of the patients with melanoma, soft tissue sarcoma, breast and rectal cancer.
The Primacy Effect in Young Children: Verbal Fact or Spatial Artifact?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

SIEGEL, ALEXANDER W.; ALLIK, JUDITH P.; and HERMAN, JAMES F. The Primacy Effect in Young Children: Verbal Fact or Spatial Artifact? CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 242-247. 5-7-yearold children were tested in a serial position recall task under 2 conditions. In 1 condition, which replicated the procedure typically used, the spatial and temporal components were completely confounded; in the other, the spatial and temporal components were experimentally separated. The results provide strong evidence that the spatial component of the typical serial position recall task, rather than the use of rehearsal, is largely responsible for the primacy effect found in the serial position curves of young children.
Exploring the [un]likelihood of successful integration of skilled and unskilled immigrants into the hospitality industry.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When viewed from a global perspective, in terms of the number of workers in a particular sector, the hospitality industry is perhaps the most populated. Not only is it the most populated, it is also one where you find perhaps the highest concentration of immigrants. It is also the one with the highest record of staff turnover and employment relations issues. Lately, issues regarding immigrant integration and engagement within the South African hospitality industry have begun gaining traction in South Africa’s social science research ecosystem. Remarkably, even though several studies pertaining to immigration integration in the hospitality industry have looked at aspects such as legal/employment, economic impact, gender, economic geography side of the engagement and or integration, there is a lacuna in terms of the nature and extent and associated uncertainties with regard to the integration of immigrants in the hospitality industry in South Africa. This is what the researchers set out to achieve in this paper through the use of a suitable theoretical review method so as to enable a critical and rigorous appraisal of previously conducted research. The researchers found that no matter how challenging it is to recruit immigrants in the hospitality industry, they remain an attractive option for their hospitable attitudes, cheapness, and overt eagerness to remain in what they consider to be greener pastures. They drew from several works in order to advance the notion that the hospitality industry needs more immigrant workers to survive.
Original article Evaluation of pathophysiological alterations in rats administered with marbofloxacin alone and with piperine pretreatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to evaluate pathophysiological alterations after repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin alone and along with piperine pretreatment in rats.Blood samples were collected from treated animals at 6 th day.Hematological parameters (Hb, PCV, TLC, TEC, DLC, MCV, MCH and MCHC) and serum biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total protein, albumin, globulin, LDH, creatinine, BUN, bilirubin and AKP) were estimated after five days treatment.Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not found influenced after treatments and their mean values were not significantly altered (p>0.01)from corresponding control values.Moreover, no gross or microscopic changes were found in all major organs except liver of the treated rats.The histopathological changes in liver of treatment groups II (marbofloxacin alone) and III (marbofloxacin with piperine pretreatment) revealed mild degree of congestion and vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes.It was concluded that piperine pretreatment for 5 th day in rats did not produce significant pathophysiological alterations in blood, serum biochemical parameters and microscopic changes in major organs with absence of clinical signs of side effects, following repeated oral administration of marbofloxacin.
Single-Stage Isolation of Pure Andrographolide From Andrographis Paniculata in a Moderately Polar Solvent By Optimizing Different Parameters.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The primary objective of the proposed research work is to extract and enrich the pure Andrographolide (AGL) by varying the polarity index and Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) of a moderately polar solvent. Both parameters affect the solubility of AGL in different solvents and extraction methods. AGL was extracted from the whole plant of Andrographis paniculata . Continuous or Direct, Maceration and Soxhlet extraction method used for extraction. Based on the appearance of the crystal in the Direct Soxhlet Ethyl acetate method, their yield was further optimized by using a Randomized response surface (RSM), Quadratic model-based Box-Behnken design (BBD). The HPTLC performed the AGL extraction efficiency, purity, and quantification. Based on the obtained result, the pure Andrographolide crystal (yield 0.185 g/g) was obtained by Direct Soxhlet extraction. Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent. R f exhibited in the TLC chromatogram was 0.28. FT-IR spectra exhibited characteristics peak similar to the standard AGL, and 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR elucidated crystal structure. DEPT − 90/135 spectra depicted that extracted crystal was pure AGL. It is one of the novel approaches to isolating pure AGL crystal in a moderately polar solvent (Ethyl acetate) by elevating the Hildebrand solubility parameter despite using polar solvents. AGL crystal was obtained from Direct Soxhlet extraction by Ethyl acetate. It is a single-step and more economical method. It can be easily transformed into a pilot or industrial setup to extract Pure AGL.
Transport spectroscopy of induced superconductivity in the three-dimensional topological insulator HgTe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The proximity-induced superconducting state in the 3-dimensional topological insulator HgTe has been studied using electronic transport of a normal metal-superconducting point contact as a spectroscopic tool (Andreev point contact spectroscopy). By analyzing the conductance as a function of voltage for various temperatures, magnetic fields and gate-voltages, we find evidence, in equilibrium, for an induced order parameter in HgTe of $70\,μ$eV and a niobium order parameter of $1.1\,$meV. To understand the full conductance curve as a function of applied voltage we suggest a non-equilibrium driven transformation of the quantum transport process where the relevant scattering region and equilibrium reservoirs change with voltage. This implies that the spectroscopy probes the superconducting correlations at different positions in the sample, depending on the bias voltage.
Steady‐State Kinetic Studies on Benzylamine Oxidase from Pig Plasma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Steady‐state kinetic studies on the enzyme benzylamine oxidase from pig plasma are described. Eadie‐Hofstee plots with benzylamine as the varying substrate are non‐linear; examination of this data indicates that the observed effects are probably due to the amine substrate participating in at least two reactions with enzyme. Ammonia and imidazole modify the activity of the enzyme; under specified conditions of pH or modifier concentration, the effect on the activity can be either activation or inhibition. Eadie‐Hofstee plots of the data establish that the modifier also participates in at least three reactions with the enzyme. Eadie‐Hofstee plots at pH 9 with oxygen as the varying substrate are linear, which allows kinetic parameters to be determined. From studies on the effect of ammonia and imidazole on these parameters, information has been derived on how these modifiers affect component steps of the catalytic cycle.
Differences in mechanical efficiency between female and male football players during official matches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to compare the values of external load measures and mechanical efficiency between male and female soccer players considering the match periods. A male professional soccer team (n=19) and a female professional soccer team (n=16) were monitored in official matches by Global Positioning System (GPS) devices (male 137 and female 144 observations). The external load variables studied were distance covered per minute (DCmin in m∙min-1), player load per minute (PL in AU∙min-1) and the mechanical efficiency obtained through the relationship of PL and DC (PLm in AU∙m-1) over 90 minutes of official match divided into six periods of 15 minutes each. The results show that in all the periods studied, DCmin and PLmin for male soccer players were higher than for female players (ES: high and moderate for DCmin and PLmin, respectively; p&lt;.01). However, there was no difference in mechanical efficiency between both genders. There was a decrease (p&lt;.01) in PLmin and DCmin in the last periods of the match (0-15&gt;15-30=30-45=45-60&gt;60-75=75-90), as well as a decrease (p&lt;.01) in PLm (0-15&gt;30-45=60-75=75-90, 15-30&gt;75-90 &amp; 45-60&gt;60-75=75-90 for male; and, 0-15&gt;30-45=60-75=75-90, for female). The decrease in values of PLmin and DCmin were not homogeneous, so the decoupling of these values in both genders as the match progresses could be induced by fatigue. Therefore, the findings could have a practical application: coaches and sports scientists could use the mechanical efficiency indicator to detect fatigue and then apply intervention strategies to improve performance or plan recovery.
Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Reasons for performing the study Neonatal sepsis is a common problem in foals and is a primary cause of death in the post natal period. Transient bacteraemia and subsequent host responses have not been described in the equine neonate. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to determine if transient bacteraemia occurs in foals within the first 72 h of life. Additional objectives included description of bacterial organisms associated with transient bacteraemia and concurrent cytokine gene expression in healthy foals. Study design Prospective observational study in healthy foals. Methods Blood was aseptically collected for bacterial culture from observed spontaneously born foals at birth and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h following birth. Samples taken at birth, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h were analysed for interferon gamma ( IFN γ), interleukin ( IL )‐1, IL ‐2, IL ‐6, IL ‐8, IL ‐10, IL ‐18 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 ( MCP1 ) cytokine gene expression quantified by RT‐PCR . Results Bacteria were cultured from 9 of 70 samples submitted for blood culture. The positive samples were from 4 of the 7 foals, all of which remained healthy throughout and subsequent to the study. All positive blood cultures were from blood samples obtained at 12 h of age or earlier and IL ‐10 elevation coincided with positive blood cultures in healthy foals. Cytokine gene expression fluctuated with age. Conclusions Positive blood cultures suggest transient bacteraemia may occur in healthy foals early in the post natal period. Age corrected normal values may be necessary to interpret cytokine concentration in diseased populations.
Government performance, taxation and citizen participation: evidence from Brazil

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fiscal contract theories of the state hypothesize that government performance affects tax collection and that institutions that foster representation and accountability link taxes and services. These propositions have yet to be tested with a causal research design and disaggregated data. In this paper, we use a quasi-experimental research design with randomized audits from Brazil to assess whether revealed corruption and other metrics of government performance affect municipal property tax collection. We find that revealed corruption robustly reduces property tax revenue; revealed performance on many other dimensions does not. We also find that while the structure of fiscal institutions (participatory budgeting versus budgeting via elected representatives) has no effect on the amount of corruption revealed or the quality of performance, revealed corruption increases the probability that a municipality will adopt participatory budgeting in the future.
Redox-dependent and independent effects of thioredoxin interacting protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important physiological inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TXN) redox system in cells. Regulation of TXNIP expression and/or activity not only plays an important role in redox regulation but also exerts redox-independent physiological effects that exhibit direct pathophysiological consequences including elevated inflammatory response, aberrant glucose metabolism, cellular senescence and apoptosis, cellular immunity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the current knowledge concerning the redox-dependent and independent roles of TXNIP and its relevance to various disease states. The implications for the therapeutic targeting of TXNIP will also be discussed.
cang yao gan qing wu tou hua xue cheng fen yan jiu

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

对甘青乌头Aconitum tanguticum全草的化学成分进行研究。应用硅胶,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,制备HPLC等各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,采用MS,NMR等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。甘青乌头乙醇总提取物经石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取后的剩余水溶液经AB-8大孔吸附树脂,依次用水,30%,60%,95%乙醇洗脱,合并回收溶剂分别得到各洗脱部分。从30%,60%乙醇洗脱部分共分离得到19个化合物,分别鉴定为紫丁香苷(1),香草酸4-O-β-D-阿洛糖苷(2),阿魏酸4-O-β-D-阿洛糖苷(3),阿魏酸4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4),芥子酸4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),4-羟基-肉桂醇-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),山柰酚-3-O-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-(4-O-反式-对香豆酰基)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-(4-O-反式-对香豆酰基)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(11),红景天苷(12),2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙醇1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13),(7S,8R)-去氢二松柏醇-9’-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(14),citrusin B(15),异叶乌头碱(16),tanaconitine(17),山栀苷甲酯(18)和淫羊藿次苷B1(19)。除化合物4,13,16和17外,其余化合物均为首次从甘青乌头中分离得到。
Combining Ability and Heterosis in Maize ( Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Combining ability for growth parameter and yield components were evaluated in a 7×7 diallel fashion in maize at the research farm of Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur during Rabi season 2013-14 to determine the general combining ability and specific combining ability of parents and the crosses. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for some of the characters. The overall study of gca effects suggested that parent WL3 was significant for general combiner for yield, WL2 and WL3for earliness and WL1 for short stature. These parents could be used in future breeding programme to improve maize yield with desirable traits. The good combiner parents for different traits could be used in hybridization to improve yield as well as with desirable traits as donor parents for the accumulation of favorable genes. For yield improvement in maize both additive and non additive genes should be exploited through a suitable breeding method. However, the crosses WL1×WL6, WL1×WL7, WL4×WL5, WL6×WL7showed high sca effect for kernel yield. The significant positive sca of crosses could be used for commercial variety development after verifying them. The maximum heterosis was recorded in WL1×WL6 (15.60**%) when BHM 7 used as check and heterosis ranged from -56.59 to 15.60%. Only one hybrid WL2×WL7 recorded negative heterosis against BHM 7 for days to maturity.
Epidemiological Investigation of A Goat Rabies Outbreak and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Communities Regarding Rabies in the Rural Commune of Sabou, Burkina Faso

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Dog-mediated human rabies is one of the top five priority zoonotic diseases identified for the One Health multisectoral engagement in Burkina Faso. Integrated approaches are required in endemic areas for reliable data collection and improved management of bite victims. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of communities regarding rabies and preventive methods.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the Commune of Sabou after a goat rabies confirmation. A structured questionnaire was administered to 305 house-hold members to capture data. The dependent variables in this study were the knowledge of rabies and animal vectors, the action to be taken regarding the biting animal, the main challenges to PEP coverage, the knowledge of preventive measures, and the minimum age recommended for primo-vaccination. The independent variables in this study were gender, level of education, professional status, and dog-owning status. The study was analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: The results provided that the suspected goat was infected by the rabies virus. Subsequently, the outbreak joint investigation initiated involved key local stakeholders. Data collected during the investigation raised the need for counter-measures such as identification of awareness gaps, organization of a dog rabies vaccination, and awareness-raising campaigns in the local communities. The household survey revealed low awareness about animals involved in human rabies transmission, the common routes of transmission, and the postexposure prophylaxis. Moreover, hindrances to postexposure prophylaxis access cited by the participants were related to frequent vaccine shortage (39.7%) as well as financial inaccessibility (60.3%). In addition, 40% of participants were not well aware of pet rabies prevention and reported only 67.6% of owned dogs were vaccinated.Conclusion: According to the study results, there is a need to strengthen rabies surveillance, promoting outbreak joint investigation, and integrated bite case management. Moreover, key messages on animal and human rabies prevention should be developed and shared with the communities. Keywords: Canine rabies, zoonoses, joint investigation, community awareness, public health, household survey