jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measles Hospitalizations at a United States Children’s Hospital 2011–2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There are no recent descriptions of measles hospitalizations and complications in US children despite outbreaks within the past decade—including 2 in Minnesota (2011 and 2017). The objective of our study was to describe complications, hospital management and resource utilization for children hospitalized for measles at a US children’s hospital. Methods: Retrospective case series of children (0–18 years of age) hospitalized for measles (observation/inpatient diagnosis code for measles) at Children’s Minnesota, January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2017. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Thirty-three patients were included (7 from 2011 and 21 from 2017 outbreaks). Median age was 27 months (range, 6–95 months), 94% were Black or African American (73% Somali ethnicity), 88% had medical assistance and 91% were unvaccinated to measles. Poor feeding was a primary reason for admission (97%); additional complications included otitis media (42%), pneumonia (30%), tracheitis (6%) and keratitis (3%). Additional testing was common [chest radiographs (70%), blood cultures (64%), nonmeasles viral testing (42%)]. Seventy-three percent received antibiotics, 30% required oxygen and 21% received vitamin A. Median length of stay was 3.7 days (range, 1.1–26.2 days); 1 patient was readmitted. Median direct cost in 2017 was $5291 (interquartile range : $3907–$7519), and estimated total cost to the hospital for the 2017 outbreak was $1.3 million. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of measles complications and treatment. Public and private health efforts should continue to focus on immunization, given significant implications of measles infections for patients and healthcare systems. Future studies may assess complications of measles across the United States as individual outbreaks often occur in specific populations, making generalization of results challenging.
Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) report differences in sex-typed behavior as children and adolescents?: Results of a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results of this pilot study provide evidence of PCOS women self-reporting discrete psychosocial developmental patterns compared to non-PCOS women. These differences in retrospective self-reported accounts may be factual or biased by current psychosocial differences, such as depression.
A hybrid approach for cancer classification based on squirrel search

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As thousands of gene components are present in microarray statistics, the ability to select a smaller subset of features is critical for phenotyping classification. Genes can be ranked according to their phenotypic effects using techniques that are frequently reused. Scenario microarray research typically only includes a few dozen samples while each microarray can include thousands of genes. When the number of features exceeds the number of illustrations, standard classifiers fail to perform well. When developing classifiers, it can be helpful to focus on features that are most relevant to distinguishing between the two categories. The features we have collected have some redundancy, so we are looking for ways to eliminate them. Recommendations are given for feature selection frameworks that have low severance and high importance. Filter and wrapper methods are used in this study, and a hybrid approach is proposed by combining the physiognomies of the two stated methods of gene selection simulation. For the most part, microarray data will be sorted using Squirrel Search (SS)-based optimization. We compared the filter, wrapper, and hybrid models’ gene collection performance in the same way. Study results from four gene expression datasets showed that class predictions were greatly improved. Among the three classification methods, improvements are reliable in experiments.
Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Fruits Yield and Quality Characters in Squash (Cucurbita Pepo L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ten parental lines were crossed in a line x tester (7L x 3T) mating design in the summer season of 2016 to obtain 21 F1 hybrids to study the genetic behavior of some economic traits for cultivars of summer squash crop suitable for Egyptian cultivation.In 2017 summer season, the ten parents and their 21 F1 hybrids were evaluated with four commercial checks "Aziad, Adronto, Marselia and Tabark" in the experimental design which was a randomized complete blocks with three replications at Kaha Research Farm of Vegetables Breeding Department, Horticultural Research Institute, (HRI), Agric.Res.Center (ARC) in the Kalyobiya Governorate.Data indicated that fifteen and ten crosses had highly significant values of heterosis over the midparents and the better parents, respectively for number of fruits/plant trrait.Concerning heterosis over the checks hybrids, four and two crosses showed significant and highly significant values of heterosis over hybrid Aziad and Tabark, respectively but only one crosses (P7xP10) showed highly significant positive values over the checks cultivars Adronto and Marselia.Meanwhile, all crosses showed insignificant values of heterosis over the midparents and the better parent concerning yield /plant trait.Heterosis over the checks hybrids, three, zero, once and once crosses gave significant or highly significant positive values of heterosis over Aziad, Adronto, Marselia and Tabark, respectively.Two lines and two testers gave significant or highly significant positive values of gca effects on number of fruits/plant trait.Also, three lines showed significant or highly significant positive values of gca effects on yield /plant trait.Therefore, these lines considered good combiners for yield traits.In concern of sca effects, three crosses out of twenty ones gave significant or highly significant positive values for total yield plant trait.
Semi-relativistic effects in spin-1/2 quantum plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Emerging possibilities for creating and studying novel plasma regimes, e.g.\nrelativistic plasmas and dense systems, in a controlled laboratory environment\nalso requires new modeling tools for such systems. This brings motivation for\ntheoretical studies of the kinetic theory governing the dynamics of plasmas for\nwhich both relativistic and quantum effects occur simultaneously. Here, we\ninvestigate relativistic corrections to the Pauli Hamiltonian in the context of\na scalar kinetic theory for spin-1/2 quantum plasmas. In particular, we\nformulate a quantum kinetic theory that takes such effects as spin-orbit\ncoupling and Zitterbewegung into account for the collective motion of\nelectrons. We discuss the implications and possible applications of our\nfindings.\n
Imaginary/Symbolic/Real

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jacques Lacan's conception of the imaginary, the symbolic, and the real orders constitutes one of the most important developments in post‐Freudian psychoanalysis. Based in part on Freud's thinking about the Oedipal complex and the unconscious, Lacan's triad provides a mechanism for describing different orders of psychic reality. In part because he never defined these terms explicitly, and in part because the relationship among the different orders is unstable, they remain in some ways enigmatic. Nevertheless, Lacan's own usage, and that of his protégés and successors, provides us with a fairly clear sense of their nature and function. The terms “imaginary,” “symbolic,” and “real” have proven extremely influential and have paved the way for a resurgence of interest in psychoanalytic approaches to literary and cultural texts, especially in cultural studies, film theory, feminist theory, and the study of sexuality and gender.
Implementation of Land Procurement for Public Green Open Space Development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The provision of land to build green open spaces in urban areas as in the city of Yogyakarta is important considering that the increasing activities of urban communities will cause various environmental problems, such as an increase in vehicle smoke pollution, a decrease in the quality and quantity of groundwater, flooding, and so on. This study aims to determine how the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of public green open space in Yogyakarta City and the obstacles that arise in land acquisition for the construction of public green open space. This research is a type of empirical juridical research, which begins with understanding the legal rules or norms governing green open spaces in urban areas. Because of the limited land available to build this Public Urban Green Space, what the Yogyakarta City Government does is one of the ways to acquire land to build Public Urban Green Space is to buy people's land as allowed in the Land Acquisition Law and its implementing regulations.
World Distribution and Trade in Neem Products with Reference to their Potential in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neem is regarded as a promising tree species which can be utilized in various ways to benefit agricultural communities throughout the world. Scientists and entrepreneurs are paying considerable attention to its potential value as a source of biopesticides through extracts from neem seeds, bark, and wood. Azadiraction the most important active compound from neem seeds and other plant parts has natural insecticidal properties and may be a potential substitute for synthetic pesticides which are widely used in crop production in China. However the distribution of neem trees among major producing countries, the trade in neem products on the world market, and potential supplies of azadiractin for China are not widely known, a topic which will be addressed in this paper.
Switchable Enhanced Spin Photocurrent in Rashba and Cubic Dresselhaus Ferroelectric Semiconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Generating and controlling spin current (SC) are of central interest in spin physics and applications. To date, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is an established pathway to generate SC through the spin-charge current conversion. We predict an efficient spin-light conversion via the Rashba and higher-order cubic Dresselhaus SOIs in ferroelectrics. Different from the known Edelstein effect, where SC is created by the nonequilibrium spin density, our predicted spin-polarized current is from direct interactions between light and unique spin textures generated by SOI in ferroelectrics. Using first-principles simulations, we demonstrate these concepts by calculating the DC spin photocurrent in a prototypical Rashba ferroelectric, α-GeTe. The photoinduced SC is about 2 orders of magnitude larger than the charge photocurrent. More importantly, we can conveniently switch the direction of SC by an applied electric field via inverting the spin textures. These predictions give hope to generating and controlling light-driven SC via a nonvolatile electric field.
Using A "Portfolio" Strategy To Evaluate Utah's Educational Technology Initiative: Findings and Policy Lessons.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the Utah Educational Technology Initiative (ETI), the State has increased its commitment to educational technology. The evaluation of the Utah ETI is built around the concept of portfolio analysis, an evaluation method that incorporates the collection of diverse types of data and enables a number of types of evidence to be used to gauge accomplishments. Over 3 years, the Beryl Buck Institute in Novato (California) will examine the success of ETI through reports from principals, analyses of student achievement scores, examples of student work, and the testimonies of those involved in the projects. Findings to date are summarized in the areas of: (1) program implementation; (2) computer acquisition and placement; (3) ETI's impact on student achievement and motivation; (4) teacher computer utilization; and (5) staff development. After the first 2 years of the evaluation, the conclusion is that ETI has contributed significantly to Utah education by making it possible for schools to purchase educational technology. Most teachers are now able to use computer technology competently. More sophisticated instructional uses of educational technology are found less frequently, and there is general agreement that a significant investment in the professional development of preservice and practicing teachers will be necessary if the potential of technology purchased with ETI funds is to be realized. Six figures and one table illustrate this discussion. (SLD) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ************A********************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION h(p v Four awsna. ReSea h and .no,o.y.ny.nr DuC IONAI RI SOURCES INF ORMAT.ON CENTS R 'ERIC! .1o4 v,nehl has beee ,ht,od. ea IS ,h( tovcl Iron, Inc Dem, ,vnat.ny Deco rade mo..e Odu(hOn duality Pr.ntS ofoes op.^.0h5 Stated th,S menl do not her ssahly hwesen1 olFN ,a. nt RI poydron of polq y PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE 7HiS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY NAJ /14,0cArPote-PA TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER ERIC Using a Portfolio Strategy to Evaluate Utah's Educational Technology Initiative: Findings and Policy Lessons John R. Mergendoller, Ph.D. Beryl Buck Institute for Education Trish Stoddart, Ph.D. Graduate School of Education University of Utah Carolyn Horan, Ed.D. Beryl Buck Institute for Education Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting April 12 16, 1993, Atlanta, Georgia
Paradoxical Psychometric Functions (“Swan Functions”) are Explained by Dilution Masking in Four Stimulus Dimensions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The visual system dissects the retinal image into millions of local analyses along numerous visual dimensions. However, our perceptions of the world are not fragmentary, so further processes must be involved in stitching it all back together. Simply summing up the responses would not work because this would convey an increase in image contrast with an increase in the number of mechanisms stimulated. Here, we consider a generic model of signal combination and counter-suppression designed to address this problem. The model is derived and tested for simple stimulus pairings (e.g. A + B), but is readily extended over multiple analysers. The model can account for nonlinear contrast transduction, dilution masking, and signal combination at threshold and above. It also predicts nonmonotonic psychometric functions where sensitivity to signal A in the presence of pedestal B first declines with increasing signal strength (paradoxically dropping below 50% correct in two-interval forced choice), but then rises back up again, producing a contour that follows the wings and neck of a swan. We looked for and found these “swan” functions in four different stimulus dimensions (ocularity, space, orientation, and time), providing some support for our proposal.
Greek Boat - Acropolis Lindos, Greece

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The well-known relief of a Rhodian trireme (warship) cut into the rock at the foot of the steps leading to the acropolis. On the bow stood a statue of General Hagesander, the work of the sculptor Pythokritos. The relief dates from about 180 BC. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindos 📍 [Acropolis of Lindos, Lindos, Dodecanese Islands, Greece](https://scaniver.se/L36.09180,28.08870) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Kashmiris in the Hindu Rashtra

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mridu Rai discusses the location of Kashmiri Muslims in India after the BJP’s electoral win in 2014, identifying how Kashmiri Muslims are made to serve as contrapuntal symbols for constructing a mythical Hindu nation – of terrorist violence, illegitimate religious impulses and sedition. Rai argues that the evocatory purpose Kashmiris serve is so essential to Hindutva that it dissipates the possibility of resolving the Kashmir question under the Modi-led BJP. The preference for militaristic modes of dominance has allowed India to eschew its responsibility of administering Kashmir through democratic engagement and of seeking negotiated settlement with all segments of the public. This governance confines Kashmiris to a reality of daily atrocities, including shootings, mass graves and gendered violence. The study of the mistreatment of Kashmiris by the Indian state and Hindu nationalists is important, as similar repressive strategies are being deployed in the heartland of India against other minority groups.
Probiotic mixture (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) a potential in‐feed additive to improve broiler production efficiency, nutrient digestibility, caecal microflora, meat quality and to diminish hazardous odour emission

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This research aimed to assess the impact of probiotic supplementation in the broiler diet on growth performance, nutrient utilization, noxious gas emissions, excreta micromiota and meat quality. One thousand six hundred and twenty male Ross 380 broilers (one‐day‐old, body weight, 42 ± 0.5 g and 5‐week trial) were arbitrarily chosen and assigned to three nutritive treatments (basal diet and basal diet included with 0.1%, and 0.2% probiotic mixture [ Bacillus subtilis 7.0 × 10 7 cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 4.1 × 10 7 cfu/g]) with 30 duplicates (18 birds each). Probiotic inclusion linearly increased ( p < 0.05) broiler body weight gain (BWG) during Phases 1, 2 and the overall period and decreased ( p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly on Phase 2 and the overall period. However, feed intake (FI) and mortality rate remained unaffected ( p > 0.05). Though nutrient digestibility of nitrogen (N) tendency to increase ( p < 0.05), dry matter (DM) and energy (E) did not influence ( p > 0.05). Inclusion of a probiotic supplement linearly increased ( p < 0.05) Lactobacillus and reduced Salmonella ( p < 0.05) counts in broilers. Moreover, broilers fed a diet supplement with probiotic addition linearly decreased ( p < 0.05) NH 3 , H 2 S, C 2 O and acetic acid emissions. The graded level of probiotic addition linearly reduced ( p < 0.05) cooking loss and the tendency to decrease ( p < 0.05) weight of bursa of Fabricius, but had no effect ( p > 0.05) on other meat quality measures. These findings indicated that increasing the level of probiotics in feed could improve growth efficiency, nutrient absorption, microbial index, meat quality and reduce gas emissions in broilers.
Programmed instruction and computer-assisted instruction&#8212;An overview

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An overview of Programmed Instruction (PI) is presented and its philosophy described. A brief delineation of courses in programmed format for the training of computer programmers and computer maintainers is given. The extent of programmed instruction activity for educating engineers in preparation for assignments is discussed. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) is defined, and the bridge between CAI and PI is examined. Attention is given to current research in CAI and to the roles of the learner, teacher, instructional programmer, and computer programmer. A major conclusion reached is that there exists a growing need for the development of instructional programmers and for the production of more adequate computer software. Finally, attention is given to the development of software and hardware for CAI systems. Specifications for a typical CAI language and system are presented, and the authors reflect upon future CAI systems.
Clinical Investigation to Compare the Effectiveness of a Herbal Mouth Wash Containing Aloe Vera with Commercially Available Chlorhexidine and Placebo Mouth Wash in Controlling Plaque & Treating Gingival Inflammation: A 3 Month Clinical Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND : With the increasing incidence of periodontal diseases and development of antibiotic resistance, there arises a global need for alternative treatment modalities that is safe, efficacious , easily available and economical. Aloe vera is one such product exhibiting multiple benefits in the field of medicine and recently has gained considerable importance in clinical research.
AIM : The aim of the study was to assess the effect of aloe vera in the form of mouth wash on dental plaque and gingivitis and to compare it with the gold standard chlorhexidine and placebo.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : 60 subjects were randomly allotted into 3 groups: group A treated with aloe vera; group B with chlorhexidine; group C with placebo. Plaque index and gingival index were assessed at day 0, 1 month and 3 month . Subjects were advised to rinse their mouth with the assigned mouth wash twice daily , during 3 month period.
RESULTS : The results showed that aloe vera mouth wash was equally effective in reducing periodontal indices similar to chlorhexidine. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of gingival bleeding and plaque indices in both groups over a period of three months compared to placebo. There was a significant reduction of plaque and gingivitis in aloe vera and chlorhexidine groups; and there was no statistically significant difference was observed among them ( p>0.05).
CONCLUSION : The results of the present study indicate that aloe vera may prove to be an effective mouth wash due to its ability in reducing periodontal indices.
Function of immunoglobulin A in immunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Despite the well-recognized involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in mucosal immunity, the function of its receptor, Fc RI (CD89), is poorly understood.The ability of Fc RI to activate leukocytes seems to conflict with the proposed anti-inflammatory activity of secretory IgA.We show here that in a transgenic mouse model, inflammatory mediators induced expression of Fc RI on KupVer cells, which enabled eYcient phagocytosis in vivo of bacteria coated with serum IgA.Secretory IgA did not initiate phagocytosis.Therefore, interactions between serum IgA and Fc RI on KupVer cells may provide a 'second line of defense' in mucosal immunity, by eliminating invasive bacteria entering through the portal circulation and thus preventing disease.
Parsimony in modeling daily precipitation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Two stochastic models for representing the sequence of daily precipitation amounts at a point, the Markov chain model proposed by Haan et al. [1976] and the chain‐dependent process proposed by Katz [1977 a , 1977 b ], are contrasted. Through a further analysis of daily precipitation data, it is shown that there is a lack of evidence to support the superiority of the Markov chain model over the simpler chain‐dependent process.