jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Excitation and decay of aluminum bulk plasmons at the aluminum/copper phthalocyanine interface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of an experiment aimed at studying the archetypal properties of the aluminum bulk plasmon at an organic/metal interface. Electron-electron coincidence spectroscopy is used to determine the contribution of aluminum bulk plasmon decay to the ionization of a thin copper phthalocyanine film. The latter directly depends on the amplitude of the bulk plasmon electric field (generated in the metal substrate) protruding inside the molecular overlayer. The emission of low-energy electrons from the clean substrate is dominated by plasmon-assisted ionization events. These events are not observed when the molecules are adsorbed onto the surface. Our findings suggest that, for the considered system, the bulk plasmon wave is confined within the medium in which it is generated and the interaction of the plasmon field with electrons located in the molecular overlayer does not lead to the emission of low-energy electrons.
Hard-constrained inconsistent signal feasibility problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of synthesizing feasible signals in a Hilbert space in the presence of inconsistent convex constraints, some of which must imperatively be satisfied. This problem is formalized as that of minimizing a convex objective measuring the amount of violation of the soft constraints over the intersection of the sets associated with the hard ones. The resulting convex optimization problem is analyzed, and numerical solution schemes are presented along with convergence results. The proposed formalism and its algorithmic framework unify and extend existing approaches to inconsistent signal feasibility problems. An application to signal synthesis is demonstrated.
The Main Functions and the Landscape Specialty of the Development of Remote Village

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

At the beginning, this article defines the meaning of rural landscape which is based on the space of rural area and is the organic unity of economic production, residence life, natural habitat, spiritual culture and pattern. In this article, I will point out the connection of these five parts and analyze its necessities and functions. I chose five rural villages as the objects of this study. The characteristics of rural landscape corresponding to different main functions of mountain villages are discussed, and the relationship between rural landscape characteristics and the function of rural main body is established. The village landscape function design based on landscape characteristics is studied with the flower brocade village as an example, which provides technical support for the development of mountain villages.
Molecular mechanisms involving IGF-1 and myostatin to induce muscle hypertrophy as a therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Over the past decade, signalling cascades have been characterised that control key features of muscle growth, including the proliferation, differentiation of muscle precursors, the control cell size (hypertrophy) and cell death. In this review we highlight how two differing signalling molecules, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and myostatin, regulate key steps during muscle development. We discuss how IGF-1 and myostatin signalling cascades can be manipulated to stimulate muscle growth. We summarise experimental data from mdx mouse, the animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, that suggest a therapeutic value of these strategies for patients suffering from muscular dystrophy without redressing the primary cause of the lesion.
UNRAVELING MARKET EFFICIENCY THROUGH BANK STOCK RETURNS INSIGHTS FROM SYNDICATED LOAN ANNOUNCEMENTS IN BORSA ISTANBUL

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study explores the effect of syndicated loan announcements on the stock returns of banks listed on Borsa Istanbul, utilizing the event study methodology over the 2017–2022 period. Eight publicly traded banks were analyzed to assess abnormal returns (AR), average abnormal returns (AAR), and cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) within an extensive event window. The findings reveal that syndicated loan announcements did not result in statistically significant abnormal returns, indicating a deviation from the semi-strong form of market efficiency in Borsa Istanbul. Unlike previous studies, this research makes an original contribution by focusing specifically on syndicated loan events in an emerging market context, applying a longer observation window and a rigorous empirical setup. By isolating bank-specific stock reactions to syndicated loans, the study enhances the understanding of informational efficiency in developing capital markets. Moreover, it addresses an underexplored topic in Turkish financial literature, offering new insights for investors, policymakers, and academics interested in market behavior and external financing announcements.
The Influence of Product Involvement on Brand Loyalty

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumers are affected by many internal and external factors while buying products and services. These factors include psychological, socio-cultural and economic factors as well as factors such as the features and quality of the product and product involvement.One factor effecting the consumption decision of customers is the psychological motives. Every consumer is affected by these urges while they are deciding to buy a product and decides according to the urges they possess. Involvement ranks first among those urges. We know that the involvement is a personal differentiation factor. Involvement is one of the causative or motivating factors affecting the purchasing and communication behaviors of customers. Therefor the level of involvement creates a substantial differentiation in the purchasing decisions of customers.Building brand loyalty is considered an important factor to gain market share and maintain competitive advantage in the rapidly changing markets. Brand loyalty constitutes the basis of marketing activities of a firm and the goal of strategic marketing plan, because it has important and strategic consequences.For this reason in this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of the consumer innovativeness on the brand loyalty. The population of the study was consisted of the +18 years old customers living in Kocaeli. As a result of the analysis, it was found that consumer innovativeness has effect on the brand loyalty.
Fast measurements of entanglement over a kilometric distance to test superluminal models of Quantum Mechanics: final results

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum mechanics is a non local theory. To recover the locality principle some physicists suggested that the correlations between entangled particles could be established by communications propagating with a velocity vt > c in a preferred frame. In the previous DICE conference we reported the preliminary results of a high sensitivity experiment to test the superluminal models. Here we report the final results. No breaking of the quantum predictions has been found. Then, we infer that the velocity of the quantum communications has to be higher than a lower bound of the order of some millions of times the light velocity.
[Clear cell chondrosarcoma without osteoclast-like giant cells: report of a case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

患者男,25岁.因不慎跌伤致右髋部剧痛、活动受限1 d于2010年3月5日入院就诊,门诊拟右股骨颈骨折收住院.专科检查;右髋部肿胀,压痛,腹股沟中点压痛明显,骨干力丧失,可及异常活动,髋关节活动受限,抬腿乏力,右下肢呈外旋、短缩1 cm畸形,轴冲痛(+),足背动脉搏动好,趾动及血运好。
Basics of Telecommunication Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a simple understandable approach to the basics of telecommunications management. This chapter is composed of four logically interlaced parts: the background information, the main components of telecommunications management, the future trends, and the conclusion. The background information section reviews the literature. The main part discusses management notions together with a short explanation of basic management systems. These systems include the management functions, the managed objects, the management information base, and the management protocols. The future trends section provides solutions most likely to appear in the future. The conclusion summarizes the fundamental mechanisms of this field.
Synthesis and Applications of Molecular Sieve Layers and Membranes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Strategies for the preparation of zeolite molecular sieve membranes and layers on different substrates are reviewed. Membranes (and continuous thin films) have been synthesized with ZSM-5 (MFI) type molecular sieves and other zeolites, either as free-standing specimens, grown on various supports according to several schemes, or embedded in polymer matrices. The membranes have been studied for molecule-selective separations and for catalytic reactions. Layers of presynthesized molecular sieves have been deposited by means of sol−gel matrixes and other bonding agents, molecular attachment layers, and via sputtering or laser ablation techniques. The resulting nanoporous layers have been applied in highly selective sensors, for the alignment of NLO chromophores and for molecular separations. Finally, oriented molecular sieve layers have been grown on self-assembled organic mono- and multilayers presenting phosphonate groups at the interface. Mixed phosphonate/alkyl films show profound effects on the surface crystallization of metallophosphate molecular sieves. MFI type zeolites have also been grown through the vapor phase on alkylammonium-modified gold substrates.
Association between dietary quality and growth of the aboriginal primary school children in Negeri Sembilan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to determine the association between dietary quality and growth of the aboriginal primary school children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The cross-sectional study was carried out in Negeri Sembilan. A total of 194 school-aged aboriginal children participated in the study. The dietary intake and socioeconomic status data were collected from the parents using an interviewer-administrated structured questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic questions and three days of dietary recall. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index was used to determine the diet quality of children. WHO Anthro Plus software was used to determine the z -score of weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (BAZ). Findings Among all children, 15, 9 and 5% of them were stunted, underweight and thin, respectively. On the other hand, 16 and 12% of the children were overweight and obese, respectively. The aboriginal children were at risk of poor diet quality (37.19 ± 12.07) and had high dietary protein and fat intake than national recommended nutrient intake. The children achieved micronutrients intake, except for calcium. There was no significant association between total diet quality scores with growth indices among the aboriginal children. There is significant negative correlation between dietary vitamin A intake with HAZ ( r = −0.168, p < 0.05) and WAZ ( r = −0.219, p < 0.05) z -score of the aboriginal children. Originality/value Although there was a reduction in under-nutrition among the aborigines, an increasing over-nutrition status among aborigines should be considered, especially in terms of poor dietary quality and intake.
Pressure-Assisted Lubrication of DC01 Steel Sheets to Reduce Friction in Sheet-Metal-Forming Processes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Friction in sheet-metal-forming processes not only affects the values of the force parameters of the process but also determines the quality of the surface of the drawpieces. This paper presents an approach to reducing the coefficient of friction by directly applying pressurized oil to the contact zone. For this purpose, a special test stand was built to carry out the strip draw test, commonly used to model the phenomenon of friction in the deep-drawing process. This test consisted of pulling a strip between flat countersamples made of 145Cr6 cold-work tool steel covered with an abrasion-resistant Mtec (AlTiN) coating. During the pilot tests, various contact pressures, lubricants with different viscosities, and different lubricant pressures were used. The influence of friction conditions on the surface roughness of the samples and the relationship between the friction conditions and the value of the coefficient of friction were determined. The supply of the lubricant under pressure into the contact zone has a beneficial effect on reducing friction. The coefficient of friction decreases with increasing lubricant pressure for contact pressures of 2–6 MPa. For a contact pressure of 8 MPa, the lubricant pressure is the least favorable for reducing the coefficient of friction. At higher lubricant pressures (12 and 18 bar), the lubrication efficiency depends on the viscosity of the lubricant and decreases with increasing contact pressure.
Aminocaproic Acid Treatment of Prolonged Hematuria Following Renal Biopsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aminocaproic acid has been used to neutralize both intravascular and urinary tract fibrinolysis.1Aminocaproic acid inhibition of the urinary fibrinolytic activator, urokinase, has been used in the past to decrease postprostectomy bleeding,1,2the hematuria of patients with hemophilia,3-5and sickle cell disease.6 We have recently used aminocaproic acid to stop prolonged renal bleeding following biopsy in three patients. We found the drug to be effective, but precautions should be followed to decrease the potential risk of serious side effects.

Patient Summaries

Patient 1.

—A 68-year-old white woman was seen in the Renal Clinic of the University of Washington Hospital where hypertension (blood pressure 160/105 mm Hg), moderate pretibial edema, and proteinuria were found. Her history was only significant for hypertension which began in 1952 and which was currently being treated with diuretics and reserpine. Her blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was 33 mg/100 ml; serum creatinine
Modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in horses

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Background In horses, the only established method for reinnervation of the larynx is the nerve‐muscle pedicle implantation, whereas in human medicine, direct nerve implantation is a standard surgical technique for selective laryngeal reinnervation in human patients suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Objectives (1) To describe a modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy ( RLN ) in horses and (2) evaluate the outcomes of reinnervation using direct nerve needle‐stimulation of the first cervical nerve and exercising endoscopy before and after surgery. Study design Case series. Methods Nerve transplantation surgery, in which the first or second cervical nerve is tunnelled through the atrophied left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, was performed in combination with ipsilateral laser ventriculocordectomy. Ultrasound‐guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the level of the alar foramen was used to confirm successful reinnervation post‐operatively. Exercising endoscopy was performed before and after surgery. The exercising RLN grade of the left arytenoid was blindly determined at the highest stride frequency for each examination. Results Surgery was performed in 17 client‐owned animals with RLN . Reinnervation was confirmed by nerve stimulation and subsequent arytenoid abduction observed in 11 out of 12 cases between 4 and 12 months post‐operatively. Fourteen horses had exercising endoscopy before and after surgery. Nine horses had an improved exercising RLN grade, four horses had the same exercising grade and one horse had a worse exercising grade after surgery. Main limitations A sham‐operated control group was not included and follow‐up beyond 12 months and objective performance data were not obtained. Conclusions The modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique, using tunnelling and direct implantation of the donor nerve into the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, resulted in reinnervation in 11 out of 12 cases and improved exercising grade in 9 out of 14 horses within 12 months after surgery.
A Novel Adaptive Beamforming Scheme for Array Signal Data Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract When the desired signal data exists in the array received data or the steering vector has a mismatch problem, the current traditional adaptive beamformers will suffer from the effect of the desired signal cancellation phenomenon, resulting in a sharp decline in performance. To address the occurrence of desired signal cancellation, an improved matrix projection-based efficient beamforming method is proposed. Firstly, based on spatial partitioning technology, a significant projection matrix for interference-plus-noise space (INS) is constructed. Secondly, using the constructed key projection matrix, the sample data covariance matrix is projected into the INS to achieve the goal of suppressing the desired signal data information. Finally, the weight data vector is calculated by Capon beamformer. The proposed algorithm does not require iterative search for the optimal solution, which has the advantage of a small amount of calculation. Simulation experiments have verified that the proposed method has significant advantages in suppressing the desired data signals. Especially when the desired data signal has a large power, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the compared algorithms under the conditions of random directionality errors or local scattering errors between the desired signal and interference.
Successful Non Surgical Endodontic Management of Multi-fractured Maxillary Anterior Teeth: A Two-year Follow-up

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Traumatic Dentoalveolar Injuries (TDI) refer to injuries to the tooth (crown/root) and/or the tooth-supporting structures (Periodontal Ligament (PDL)/alveolar bone) due to traumatic force. The incidence of trauma to maxillary anterior teeth is very high. Hereby, the authors present a case report of non surgical endodontic management of fractured maxillary anterior teeth in a 19-year-old female at the middle and apical third root levels. Clinical examination of the patient revealed multiple fracture injuries involving the upper anterior teeth. There was no response to the pulp sensibility test concerning teeth 11, 12, 21, 22, 23, and 24. The Conical Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) results showed apical third root fractures in teeth 11 and middle third fractures in tooth 23. Resorptive abnormalities were visible in the periapical regions of teeth 11, 12, 21, 22, and 24. Root canal treatment was performed using a bioceramic sealer and Mineral Trioxide Aggregrate (MTA). Clinical, CBCT, and radiographic evaluations conducted 24 months after the initial treatment verified total resolution in the periapical areas of the affected teeth. The present case study demonstrated the usefulness of MTA for the rehabilitation of teeth with broken roots and bioceramic sealers in the treatment of resorptive defects in traumatised teeth. Clinical and radiological signs of healing were observed during a follow-up period of 24 months.
Luteolin Inhibits the Activity, Secretion and Gene Expression of MMP-3 in Cultured Articular Chondrocytes and Production of MMP-3 in the Rat Knee

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated whether luteolin affects the gene expression, secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes, as well as production of MMP-3 in the rat knee to evaluate the potential chondro-protective effects of luteolin. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer and IL-1β-induced gene expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), ADAMTS-5 and type II collagen were measured by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Effects of luteolin on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced secretion and enzyme activity of MMP-3 in rabbit articular chondrocytes were investigated by western blot analysis and casein zymography, respectively. The effect of luteolin on MMP-3 protein production was also examined in vivo. The results were as follows: (1) luteolin inhibited the gene expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. However, it increased the gene expression level of collagen in rabbit articular chondrocytes; (2) luteolin inhibited the secretion and activity of MMP-3; (3) luteolin inhibited in vivo production of MMP-3 protein. These results suggest that luteolin can regulate the gene expression, secretion and activity of MMP-3, by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.
The social reproduction of difference: Patients with mental illness in the intensive care environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reflects on a study that drew on the theory of social constructionism to critically explore the everyday world and social organisation of hospital intensive care units to consider how the presence of patients with a diagnosed mental illness impacts on practice in caring for those patients. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 intensive care nurses from eight intensive care units in Queensland, NSW and Victoria, which were analysed through iterative cycling between participants' responses, the literature and the theoretical framework. The analysis produced two key conceptual insights into the ways in which people with a psychiatric diagnosis were disenfranchised in intensive care units through restriction of movement, inattention to psychosocial needs and stigmatising language and behaviour. The first insight concerns the social reproduction of typifications among ICU staff about those with a psychiatric diagnosis, a group that represents a significant proportion of ICU patients. Despite their prevalence these patients were nevertheless positioned as disrupting the proper business and everyday life of intensive care units; a process that we argue is bound up with the imbalanced power relationships between nurses, doctors and patients which characterise intensive care units. The second insight relates to the ways in which ICU staff maintain and legitimate biomedical power structures serving the interests of intensive care units such as rescue from life-threatening illness, resistance to dangerousness, and the preservation of authoritative power relationships built on elite physiological knowledge and skills. We argue that the production and reproduction of intensive care nursing knowledge maintains a social-power structure that is at odds with the needs of ICU patients and particularly those diagnosed with mental illness. We conclude that not only does the structural dominance of the biomedical model in healthcare create and support the disease-based view of 'mental illness' but it also sustains the conditions that further disenfranchise those living with such challenges solidifying their wider social position as 'different'. <br/><br/>Theme: Dominance and race, gender, sexuality or other structural categories of difference