jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Issues Facing the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism and the Path Selection

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a long way to go for sustainable development of rural tourism. It is necessary to strengthen the planning for training rural tourism talents, and establish sustainable reserve tourism service personnel; innovate upon the promotion mode of rural tourism and open the tourist source market; strengthen the building of characteristic brand of rural tourism, and create sustainable development core of tourism; give play to the role of government in guiding rural tourism, strengthen the optimization of management of rural tourism market environment, and enhance the rural tourism safety; expand the rural tourism industry chain, and strengthen the management planning of sales market of rural tourism product.
Data from Streptavidin: A Novel Immunostimulant for the Selection and Delivery of Autologous and Syngeneic Tumor Vaccines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Induction of antitumor immunity using autologous tumor proteins is an attractive approach to cancer therapy. However, better methods and stimulants to present these autologous proteins back to the immune system are needed. Here, we identify streptavidin as a novel carrier protein and stimulant, and test the efficacy of both syngeneic (rat) and autologous vaccines (dogs) using streptavidin in combination with reduced soluble tumor proteins. Initial syngeneic vaccine studies in the 9L rat glioma model were used to optimize vaccine dose and selectivity. Cytokine and blood analysis was used to monitor the response. Rats receiving two vaccinations of syngeneic tumor vaccine demonstrated a statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) survival advantage compared with controls (adjuvant only). Notably, vaccination also led to remission rates of between 30% and 60% in the aggressive 9L glioma model. Antibodies to streptavidin were detected in the serum of vaccinated rats; however, antibody levels did not correlate with the response. The cytokine TNF-α was upregulated in vaccine-treated rats, whereas ICAM1 was downregulated. After engraftment, vaccinated rats maintained CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and total lymphocyte levels closer to normal baseline than those in the controls. Twenty-five dogs treated with autologous vaccine preparations using streptavidin as a stimulant showed no adverse reactions, irrespective of additional chemotherapy and other medications. In this study, we developed a novel method for producing syngeneic and autologous vaccines using streptavidin selectivity and immunogenicity. These vaccines show efficacy in the 9L glioma rat model. Safety was also demonstrated in canine patients presenting with cancer treated with autologous vaccine. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 2(5); 469–79. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Sensing, Navigation and Reasoning Technologies for the DARPA Urban Challenge

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This report describes Team Caltech's technical approach and results for the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Our primary technical thrusts were in three areas: (1) mission and contingency management for autonomous systems; (2) distributed sensor fusion, mapping and situational awareness; and (3) optimization-based guidance, navigation and control. Our autonomous vehicle, Alice, demonstrated new capabilities in each of these areas and drove approximate 300 autonomous miles in preparation for the race. The vehicle completed 2 of the 3 qualification tests, but did not ultimately qualify for the race due to poor performance in the merging tests at the National Qualifying Event.
Role for immune checkpoint blockade in BRCA2-mutant prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

59 Background: Except for rare cases with microsatellite instability, prostate cancer has low mutation burden and low response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Genomic correlates of response to ICB in microsatellite stable (MSS) prostate cancer are currently unknown. Here we describe an exceptional response to ICB in BRCA2-mutant prostate cancer and explore immunologic features of BRCA-mutant tumors. Methods: A patient with BRCA2-mutant MSS prostate cancer who progressed on PARP inhibitor therapy was treated with pembrolizumab. Another 8 cases of BRCA2-mutant prostate cancer were evaluated for lymphocyte infiltration and PD-L1 expression by a pathologist. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used to evaluate BRCA-mutant tumors from multiple histology. Presence of putative pathogenic mutations in BRCA1/2 were tested for association with mRNA levels of CD8 + T cell marker ( CD8A), immune checkpoint genes (in PD-1, CTLA-4 pathways), and expression of endogenous retroviruses (ERV). Markers of homologous recombination (HR) defects, namely number of Signature 3 mutations and large ( > 3bp) indels, were also analyzed. Results: Initial patient with BRCA2-mutant MSS prostate cancer had a rapid and ongoing response to pembrolizumab. Analysis of local cohort will be presented. In the TCGA prostate cancer dataset, BRCA2-mutant tumors showed significant overexpression of CD8A, PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathway genes, and ERV3-2. Similar results were observed in BRCA1-mutant (but not BRCA2-mutant) ER+ HER2− breast cancer, but not in BRCA-mutant triple-negative breast and ovarian cancer. Analyses of HR defect markers corroborated these observations. Conclusions: BRCA-mutation accompanied by ERV3-2 overexpression, observed in BRCA2-mutant prostate and BRCA1-mutant ER+ HER2− breast cancer, is associated with CD8 + T cell infiltration and checkpoint pathway upregulation. The effect of BRCA1/2 mutation on immunogenicity may be very tissue and/or cell-of-origin specific, with different cancer types having different levels of immune activation. The association between ERV expression and BRCA2-mutation in prostate cancer requires further investigation. BRCA2-mutant prostate cancers are a class of MSS tumors that may be sensitive to ICB.
Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance of Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Mutations in Uterine Serous Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a rare but aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer lacking efficacious treatments. USC bears molecular and pathological resemblance to high-grade serous ovarian cancer, for which mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes have been associated with better treatment outcomes with platinum-based chemotherapy and poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1/2 inhibitors (PARPi). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of tumor HRR (tHRR) gene mutations and its potential prognostic value in USC patients. Sixty consecutive USC patients with available tumor tissue samples and complete follow-up records were included. Tumor mutations in relevant HRR genes were identified using next-generation sequencing and correlated with the progress-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of the patients. Among the 60 patients’ USC, 22 (36.7%) carried tumor HRR gene mutations (tHRRmt), with ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 being the most frequently mutated genes. Survival analysis showed similar PFS (HR, 0.500; 95% CI, 0.203–1.232; p = 0.132), but significantly longer DSS in the tHRRmt patients than in the HRR gene wild-type (tHRRwt) patients (HR, 0.176; 95% CI, 0.050–0.626; p = 0.007). In FIGO stage III and IV patients, the tHRRmt group also displayed longer DSS than the tHRRwt group (p = 0.008). Notably, USC patients with abnormal p53 in our cohort, both PFS and DSS were significantly longer in the tHRRmt group over the tHRRwt group (p = 0.040 and p = 0.008, respectively). The HRR gene mutations are highly prevalent in USC and may be related to better clinical outcomes as a prognostic marker. Further study is needed to confirm whether tHRRmt patients may benefit from treatments targeting homologous recombination such as platinum and PARPi.
Exploring the Role of Attentional Reorienting in the Reactive Effects of Judgments of Learning on Memory Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Making judgments of learning (JOLs) while studying related word pairs can enhance performance on tests that rely on cue-target associations (e.g., cued recall) compared to studying alone. One possible explanation for this positive JOL reactivity effect is that the prompt to make JOLs, which typically occurs halfway through the presentation of each pair, may encourage learners to devote more attention to the pair during the second half of the encoding episode, which may contribute to enhanced recall performance. To investigate this idea, an online sample of participants (Experiment 1) and undergraduate students (Experiment 2) studied a set of moderately related word pairs (e.g., dairy–cow) in preparation for a cued recall test. Some participants made JOLs for each pair halfway through the presentation, whereas other participants did not. Also, some participants were presented with a fixation point halfway through the presentation, whereas other participants were not. The goal of this fixation point was to simulate the possible “reorienting” effect of a JOL prompt halfway through each encoding episode. In both an unsupervised online context and a supervised laboratory context, cued recall performance was higher for participants who made JOLs compared to those who did not make JOLs. However, presenting a fixation point halfway through the presentation of each pair did not lead to reactive effects on memory. Thus, JOLs are more effective than a manipulation that reoriented participants to the word pairs in another way (i.e., via a fixation point), which provides some initial evidence that positive reactivity for related pairs is not solely driven by attentional reorienting during encoding.
Production of Monozygotic Twins Following Transfer of Separated Half Embryos in the Goat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

交配後2～2.5日目に採取した14個のヤギ2～4細胞期胚をマイクロマニプレーターを用いて2群の割球に分離し,寒天で2重包埋後,結紮したヤギ卵管に仮移植して,5日間生体内で発生させた.仮移植した28個の2分離胚(14組の分離胚)のうち21個(10組の分離胚)が回収され,そのうち16個(7組の分離胚)が桑実胚～胚盤胞に発育していた.これらの7組の2分離胚をdonorと発情日が同じか,あるいは1日遅く発情のみられた7頭のヤギ子宮に移植した結果,5頭が妊娠し,1頭は妊娠61日目に流産したが残り4頭は正常子を分娩した.4頭のうち2頭は一卵性双子を分娩したが,残り2頭は単子であった.近年,マウス1-3),ヒツジ4,5),ウシ6-8)およびウマ9)において,1個の初期発生胚をマイクロマニプレーター3用いて2個に分離あるいは分割し,その一組の分離胚をrecipientに移植することによって一卵性双子の得られることが報告されている.この技術を用いることにより,すぐれた遺伝形質を有する雌畜の増産3おもな目的として進められている受精卵移植において,貴重な胚を有効に利用でき,また性の異なる2個の胚を移植した時に生じるフリーマーチンの出現を阻止することができる.さらに,一卵性双子を種々の試験研究に用いれば,遺伝形質の相違による影響を除くことができ,信頼性の高い結果を得ることができるので供試動物としてきわめて有用である.したがって,成功率が高く,簡便な一卵性双子作製技術の開発が望まれている.著者ら10)は,さきに1個のヤギ胚を分離あるいは切断して得られた2分離胚をrecipientに移植することによって産子を得たが,一卵性双子を得るには至らなかった.今回さらに実験を進め,2例の一卵性双子ヤギを作出することに成功したので,その成績について報告する.
Budgetary federalism: financial participation of regions in achieving national development goals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main objective of the study is to develop recommendations for improving intergovernmental relations in order to ensure a balance between regional and local budgets, reduce regional differentiation in terms of budgetary support and improve the quality of public finance management in regions and municipalities. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the main trends in the development of intergovernmental relations in the Russian Federation; identification of key challenges that hinder the improvement of the efficiency of the system of interbudget relations; making recommendations to federal authorities to improve the efficiency of the system of intergovernmental transfers, increase the revenue base and increase the tax autonomy of the regions, improve the separation of spending powers, and a differentiated approach to granting budgetary rights to regions. The results of this research work can be used by federal executive authorities for the scientific and methodological support of their activities, as well as in the interests of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Reconstitution of Allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cells: The Essential Role of FcRγ and the TCR β-Chain-FCp33 Complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Transplantation of purified allogeneic hemopoietic stem cells (SC) alone is characterized by a decreased risk of graft-vs-host disease but increased incidence of engraftment failure. It has been established that the facilitating cell (FC) promotes allogeneic SC reconstitution and results in donor-specific transplantation tolerance across MHC disparities, without graft-vs-host disease. Although the requirements for this facilitating function are not well-characterized, it is known that facilitation is dependent on FC expression of a unique heterodimer consisting of the TCR β-chain (TCRβ) and a 33-kDa protein, FCp33. The current study confirms that CD3ε and TCRβ expression are present on the FC at the time of transplantation and demonstrates that the majority of cells in the FC population express the TCR signaling molecule, FcRγ, rather than the more conventional CD3ζ receptor. Of particular significance, we have now demonstrated that FC-mediated allogeneic SC reconstitution is critically dependent on FcRγ expression and that FcRγ coprecipitates with the TCRβ-FCp33 heterodimer. The mandatory requirement of TCRβ and FcRγ for FC function provides the first evidence of a previously undescribed role for FcRγ in the facilitation of allogeneic SC reconstitution and establishes that FcRγ is part of the TCRβ-FCp33 complex uniquely expressed on FC.
La lexicografia catalana a l'Alguer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The re are a few alguerès works made with lexicographic methods or pretensions, apart from some contributions more or less interesting or useful for the knowledge of the local language, intended principally for dialectologists: only two titles produce explicitly the label of «Vocabulary» or «Dictionary» and use the typical structure of this kind of works. We can add to these references an unpublished work by G. Palomba.
Downregulation of microRNA-4295 enhances cisplatin-induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis through the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting LRIG1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of microRNA-4295 (miR-4295), which regulates cisplatin (DDP)-induced apoptosis in GC cells through the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1)-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Two cell lines were selected, one with the highest expression of miR-4295 and one with the lowest expression of LRIG1, for the experiments. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of DDP in the human GC MKN-28 and MKN-45 cell lines was calculated, and mitochondrial membrane potentials of the GC cells were detected by tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester, perchlorate staining. The proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells with or without DDP treatment were assessed by MTT assay and plate colony formation, as well as flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to determine the expression of EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related genes and apoptosis-related genes. LRIG1 was identified as a target gene of miR-4295. The expression of miR-4295 was upregulated, and the expression of LRIG1 was downregulated in GC cells. Furthermore, DDP enhanced the decrease in miR-4295 expression and the increase in LRIG1 expression in GC cells. miR-4295 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the DDP-induced apoptosis of GC cells without DDP treatment. In addition, miR-4295 increased the expression levels of EGFR, PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K and p-Akt, suggesting that miR-4295 promotes the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting LRIG1. miR-4295 targeted and negatively regulated LRIG1 expression to activate the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby promoting the proliferation of the GC cells and inhibiting the apoptosis of the GC cells induced by DDP. Therefore, miR-4295 may be a novel therapeutic target in patients with GC.
Frequency and predictors of a high clinical response in patients with psoriasis on biological therapy in daily practice: results from the prospective, multicenter BioCAPTURE cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A limited number of patients achieved PASI 100 or PASI 90 at 24 weeks of biological treatment. Including an absolute PASI score in the assessment of psoriasis severity is important. Baseline BMI was an important, modifiable predictor for a high response.
An active immunization approach to generate protective catalytic antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We report that mice immunized with a phosphate immunogen produced polyclonal catalytic antibodies (PCAbs) that catalysed the hydrolysis of carbaryl, a widely used broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide that exerts toxic effects in animals and humans. The reaction catalysed by the PCAbs (IgGs) obeyed Michaelis–Menten kinetics in vitro with the following values at pH8.0 and 25°C: Km≈ 8.0μM, kcat = 4.8×10−3–5.8×10−1, kcat/knon-cat = 5.6×101–6.8×103 (where knon-cat is the rate constant of the reaction in the absence of added catalyst). The PCAbs were also active in whole sera under physiological conditions in vitro. The PCAbs induced in vivo were also active in vivo, as immunization with the phosphate immunogen decreased the mouse blood concentration of carbaryl. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that active immunization generates antibodies possessing therapeutic catalytic function in vivo. We propose that active immunization schemes that induce enzymically active antibodies may provide a highly specific therapeutic approach for degrading toxic substances.
Insulin Secretion and Metabolism during the Perinatal Period in the Rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To better understand why plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration is high in the rat fetus during the last 3 d of gestation and why fetal hyperinsulinemia abruptly subsides after birth, insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates were estimated in fetuses and nursed pups. Intravenously injected [(125)I]monoiodoinsulin was cleared from the plasma of prematurely delivered pups at least as rapidly as from that of 7- to 10-d-old pups, suggesting that fetal hyperinsulinemia is not a result of slow clearance of the hormone. The fetal liver bound 35% of the injected label within 3 min, and binding was saturable. The uptake of radioactivity by the fetal kidney was nonsaturable and much lower than that of adult rat kidney. Isolated fetal islets were already reactive to glucose on the 19th d of gestation. Pancreatic insulin secretory capacity was estimated by measuring (a) the insulin release of isolated islets incubated in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose, (b) the insulin content of the same islets, and (c) the total insulin extracted from the pancreas, using the formula (a x c)/b. 2 d before birth, the pancreatic insulin secretory capacity was high, accounting for fetal hyperinsulinemia. It was even higher after birth, not accounting for the postnatal decrease in plasma IRI concentration. Pups delivered by caesarian section 1 d before term exhibited a brisk decrease in plasma IRI concentration when the cord was cut. By contrast, if the feto-placental unit was removed from the dam, maintaining fetal blood circulation through the placenta, fetal plasma IRI concentration remained as high as in utero. These experiments suggest that a placental factor stimulates fetal insulin secretion. After birth, when the cord is cut, insulin secretion is rapidly turned off, and the pups switch from a state of unlimited fuel supply by the mother to a state of fuel saving.
Differential effects of ellipticine and aza-analogue derivatives on cell cycle progression and survival of BALB/c 3T3 cells released from serum starvation or thymidine double block.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

10-[Diethylaminopropylamino]-6-methyl-5H-pyrido[3',4':4,5] pyrrolo[2,3-g]isoquinoline (BD-40) (NSC-327471D) is an aza-ellipticine derivative with a promising antitumor activity (M. Marty, C. Jasmin, P. Pouillard, C. Gisselbrecht, G. Gouvenia, and H. Magdalainat, 17th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, C-108, 1981) and less toxicity than ellipticine. We have compared the effects of ellipticine, several of its analogues, and two aza-analogue ellipticine derivatives (BD-40 and BR-1376) on cell cycle progression of BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells under different growth conditions. Both drug series were found to stop cell growth and block cells in G2 phase in exponentially growing cultures and cultures released from a thymidine double block. Long-term viability of these cells was completely suppressed after a short exposure to the drugs. In contrast, while ellipticine and its derivatives caused identical effects in cells recovering from serum starvation, BD-40 and BR-1376 did not block cells in G2 phase and did not prevent the completion of the first division round occurring after serum addition to quiescent cells. This transient refractory state was accompanied by a total conservation of long-term viability of these cells at least for the next 6 h following serum and drug addition. This lack of effect was not related to an impaired drug uptake by cells recovering from serum starvation or by a dramatic change in drug distribution inside the cells. These results indicate that the nitrogen substitution in the ellipticine heterocycle is an important if not unique feature for the particular effect of the aza-analogues of ellipticine. Furthermore, they suggest that, in contrast to ellipticine derivatives, these compounds require an activation step before exhibiting cytotoxicity.
LHD 4p5U-AL01-NF #191361.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Potassium Polyaspartate, a New Compound for Tartrate Stabilization of Wine

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The presence of potassium bitartrate (KHT) crystals in a wine bottle, even if harmless, is a cause of wine depreciation by some consumers. The addition of compounds that inhibit postbottling potassium bitartrate crystallization remains one of the most easily applied and inexpensive approaches for winemakers to employ. Subtractive methods like cold stabilization or electrodialysis have some disadvantages associated with cost, energy consumption, and selectivity. On the other hand, the stabilizing effect of common additives like metatartaric acid or carboxymethylcellulose can be time-limited and sometimes negatively impacts red wine color or becomes ineffective. These limitations highlighted the need for a new solution that guarantees long-term stability while preserving wine quality. Potassium polyaspartic acid (KPA), a new and recently approved additive (OIV/ OENO 543-2016), is a synthetic polyamide synthesized by the thermal polymerization of L-aspartic acid. The stabilizing property of KPA against bitartrate was investigated with an emphasis on dosage and efficiency. A full-factorial design (23 ) was used to estimate the thermal stability of KPA over time. Its effect on tartrate and color stability was compared to that of other additives commonly used in the wine industry. In addition to strongly inhibiting potassium bitartrate precipitation, KPA does not affect color stability and can be added close to final filtration without modifying wine filterability. Moreover, KPA remained effective in wines even after exposure to temperatures between 30 and 40°C for an extended period, although there was a loss of protection in white wines kept at higher temperatures up to a maximum of 50°C. The impact of KPA on the sensory characteristic of each wine was also determined by sensory analysis.