jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mercuration of Dialkyl Phosphonates. II. Bis-(dialkoxyphosphinyl)-mercury

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercuration of Dialkyl Phosphonates. II. Bis-(dialkoxyphosphinyl)-mercuryDavid L. Venezky and Robert B. FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 8, 1664–1665Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01589a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01589a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repenser le paradigme patriarcal du « sexe faible » avec les sœurs Souslova dans la Russie des années 18601900

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the second half of the 19th century, a dominant patriarchal paradigm driven by a spirit of revolution , anarchy and libertarianism , was rethought and challenged by an increasing number of Russian women rallying to claim their social rights . Fully committed to fighting for “ weaker sex ” rights , the Souslov sisters were among the first of these militants who came to symbolize women ’ s emancipation in Imperial Russia . Innate skills , unwavering motivation and a wealth of intellectual potential led Apollinaria (1839­1918 ) and Nadezhda (1843­1918 ) to empower themselves and women in general through their writing , unconditional love and contributions to science . Known for her relationships with the novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky and the philosopher Vassili Rozanov , Apollinaria expressed her passion through her short stories and personal diary , while her younger sister Nadezhda would become the first woman in Imperial Russia to graduate as a qualified physician . This article explores not only the Souslov sisters ’ social , academic and cultural involvement but also their personal contributions to the feminist movement , as well as their considerable role in reconsidering the dialectic reasoning of male strength and woman weakness.
Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi List of Abbreviations xv INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: Rise of an American Style of Development, 1914-1937 14 CHAPTER 2: Only Road for Mankind: Modernisation to Meet the Challenge of Totalitarianism, 1933-1944 40 CHAPTER 3: A Gospel of Liberalism: Point Four and Modernization as National Policy, 1943-1952 77 CHAPTER 4: The Proving Ground: Modernization and U.S. Policy in Northeast Asia, 1945-1960 114 CHAPTER 5: The Great American Mission: Modernization and the United States in the World, 1952-1960 153 CHAPTER 6: A TVA on the Mekong: Modernization at in Southeast Asia, 1960-1973 190 CHAPTER 7: Everything Is Going Wrong: Crisis of Development and the End of the Postwar Consensus 226 CHAPTER 8: New Developments: From the Cold to the War on Terror 257 Notes 275 Bibliography 337 Index 373
Combined humerus capitulum and olecranon fractures: Surgical intervention in a saber-related injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This report outlines the successful surgical management of a 30-year-old taxi driver with concurrent humerus capitulum and olecranon fractures due to a saber assault. The intervention involved decontamination, ulnar nerve exploration, and osteosynthesis, leading to a favorable outcome with restored joint function. This case underscores the significance of timely and comprehensive surgical approaches in complex fractures.
Effects of REACT Learning Model Based on Riau–Malay Culture Towards Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability and Achievement Motivation amongst High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of the Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating and Transferring (REACT) teaching model, which was based on the Riau–Malay cultural context, on the ability of high school students to solve mathematics problem and their motivation to achieve high performance. A total of 287 high school students were involved in this study. The treatment group consisted of 143 students, whereas the control group comprised 144 students. Data were analysed using the SPSS 25.0 software. Findings showed that students in the treatment and control groups had significantly different abilities to solve mathematical problems and motivations to achieve high performance. Students who underwent the REACT teaching model had better ability and higher motivation than those who learned conventionally. Findings imply the importance of using the REACT model based on the Riau–Malay cultural context to enhance students’ mathematical problem-solving ability and motivation for improved performance.
Acid and Pepsin Dose-Response Studies to Insulin Hypoglycaemia in a Healthy Man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship between the secretion of acid and pepsin and degree of hypoglycaemia has been studied in response to five doses of insulin (0.0125–0.2 U/kg) given by intravenous injection in a healthy man. Two tests were carried out at each dose. Both peak acid aoutput (PAOI) and peak pepsin output (PPOI) increased with the logarithm of the dose of insulin up to 0.2 U/kg. There was a significant inverse correlation between the lowest blood glucose attained and both PAOI (r = -0.81, p < 0.01) and PPOI (r = -0.77, p < 0.01). Acid and pepsin output increased in parallel in relation to both the dose of insulin and the degree of hypoglycaemia. The relationship between pepsin I and total pepsin was constant for all levels of acid secretion. Inhibition of secretion was not observed with the lowest levels of hypoglycaemia attained. In health, insulin hypoglycaemia provides a quantitative glycopenic stimulus which produces a quantitative and parallel response for both acid and pepsin.
Longitudinal stent compression: a not so new percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI) complication.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article was accepted: 28 November 2011 Corresponding Author: Kuan Leong Yew, Heart Center, Sarawak General Hospital, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300 Malaysia Email: yewkuanleong@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Percutaneous coronary angioplasty(PCI) has evolved from plain old balloon angioplasty(POBA) only to more challenging angioplasty in complex coronary artery disease(CAD) lesions as a result of continuous improvement of stent designs. However, every generation, or new type of stents, has advantages and complications related to the design of the stents which maybe be discovered only in the post-marketing period. Stent compression is a recent entity reportedly happening in a variety of stents and we wish to highlight our local experience with this phenomenon with a particular drug eluting coronary stent associated with coronary wire entrapment.
Ruscogenin Ameliorated Sjögren’s Syndrome by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article investigated the role and the specific mechanism of Ruscogenin in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). NOD/ShiLtJ mice were treated with Ruscogenin, and acinar cells isolated from submandibular glands were treated with TNF-α, Ruscogenin and transfected with NLRP3 overexpression plasmid. Salivary flow rate (SFR) was measured at weeks 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20. Histological analysis of the submandibular glands was conducted by hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA expression was detected through qRT-PCR. AQP 5, AQP 4, P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase 1, IL-1β, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein levels were tested by western blot. Cell apoptosis was assessed through acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining assay and flow cytometry assay. Ruscogenin ameliorated the SFR and submandibular gland inflammation of NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Ruscogenin promoted the preservation of acinar cells and suppressed inflammation-related factors (P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase 1, and IL-1β) in submandibular gland tissues of NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Ruscogenin inhibited acinar cell apoptosis in NOD/ShiLtJ mice and reversed TNF-α-induced apoptosis and inflammation of acinar cells. NLRP3 overexpression reversed the repressive effect of Ruscogenin on TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis of acinar cells. Ruscogenin ameliorated SS by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Hybrid Knife Technology in Endoscopic Therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hybrid knife as a multi-function endoscopic instrument provides an effective model for endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Hybrid knife does not need exchange of instrument during endoscopic operation. It can effectively reduce the potential risk of perforation and hemorrhage so that improving quality of life for patients. The technology has been widely used in clinic, especially in the treatment of digestive internal medicine, and in the course of respiratory intervention. Researchers have started to use the hybrid knife technique and have obtained good surgical results. In this review, we introduced the advantages of hybrid knife and summarized the clinic application, including the tumor excision and the tissue collection for pathology. Furthermore, the application of hybrid knife has significant implication to gastrointestinal and urinary diseases, and airway tumors, and we also explored the possibility of application of hybrid knife system in more diseases. Hybrid knife system has important clinical significance and is worth further study and exploration.
Enzymatic Oxidation of Leaf Alcohol by Allyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase from E. coli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Enzymatic Oxidation of Leaf Alcohol by Allyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase from E. coli Get access Akikazu Hatanaka, Akikazu Hatanaka Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Osao Adachi, Osao Adachi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Minoru Ameyama Minoru Ameyama Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 34, Issue 10, 1 October 1970, Pages 1574–1575, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1970.10859811 Published: 01 October 1970 Article history Received: 19 March 1970 Published: 01 October 1970
Problems and Improvement of Acquisition Tax Base

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

취득세의 과세표준에 관한 종전 규정은 취득 주체에 따른 조세형평성의 침해 등 여러 문제점이 지속적으로 제기되었으며, 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서 2021년 12월에 지방세법을 개정하여 취득세 과세표준을 일원화하였다. 다만, 신고납부시기와 시가자료에 관한 시스템의 구축을 고려하여 적용시기를 1년간 유예하여 2023년부터 적용하고 있다.BR 이와 같이 취득세 과세표준에 관한 지방세법 규정을 개정하여, 종전의 여러 문제점을 개선하였다. 그러나, 현재의 지방세법상 취득세 과세표준에 관한 규정 또한 여전히 문제점을 안고 있는데, 문제점과 개선방안을 정리하면 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, 차량과 기계장비는 종전과 같이 신고가액과 시가표준액 중 큰 금액으로 하도록 하고 있는데, 이는 과세대상에 따른 차별 문제가 발생할 가능성이 높다. 따라서, 차량이나 기계장비의 경우에도 사실상 취득가격이 밝혀지는 경우에는 사실상 취득가격을 취득세 과세표준으로 하여야 할 것이다.BR 둘째, 지방세법 시행령 제18조는 취득가액에 포함되는 것과 포함되지 않는 것을 열거하고 있는데, 그 근거가 명확하지 않아서 여전히 논란이 되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서, 지방세법 시행령 제18조 제1항에서는 사실상의 취득가액에 포함되는지의 여부를 판단하는 규정을 신설하여 취득가액에 포함되는지의 여부를 명확하게 할 필요가 있다고 할 것이다.BR 셋째, 할부이자와 연체료 및 중개보수의 경우 취득세 과세표준 포함 여부에 대하여 논란이 지속되고 있는 실정인데, 할부이자와 중개보수는 취득세 과세표준에 포함하는 것이 타당하고, 연체료의 경우에는 취득세 과세표준에서 제외하여야 할 것이다. 그리고, 부가가치세의 경우에는 부가가치세법상 과세사업자의 경우에는 취득가격에서 제외하고, 면세사업자이거나 개인의 경우에는 취득가격에 포함하는 것이 타당하다고 할 것이다.BR 넷째, 2019년 12월 31일 지방세법 시행령 제18조 제1항 제8호와 제9호를 신설하여, 붙박이 가구·가전제품 등 건축물에 부착되거나 일체를 이루면서 건축물의 효용을 유지 또는 증대시키기 위한 설비·시설 등의 설치비용과 정원 또는 부속시설물 등을 조성·설치하는 비용을 취득세 과세표준에 포함하도록 규정하였다. 그러나, 동 규정의 타당성에 있어서는 여전히 의문이라고 할 것이다.BR 다섯째, 교환으로 인한 취득의 경우에는 교환으로 인하여 이전하는 자산과 이전받은 자산의 가액 중에서 높은 가액을 취득세 과세표준으로 하도록 지방세법을 개정하였다. 그러나, 이러한 개정은 그 타당성이 없기 때문에 교환으로 인하여 이전받은 자산의 가액을 취득세 과세표준으로 하여야 할 것이다.BR 여섯째, 지방세법 제10조의3 제2항과 제3항에서는 유상승계취득에 대한 취득세 과세표준 산정에 있어서의 부당행위계산부인에 대하여 규정하고 있다. 그러나, 동 규정은 그 타당성을 인정할 수 없기 때문에 삭제하는 것이 바람직하다고 할 것이다.BR 마지막으로, 무상취득에 대한 취득세 과세표준 산정에 있어서 시가인정액과 관련하여 여러 문제점이 있는데, 합리적인 개선이 필요하다고 할 것이다.
Occurrence of Pseudomonas viridiflava in Seedlings of Radish

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Radish ( Raphanus sativa L.) seeds and seedlings of cv. Pyuthane from Nepal were found to be infected with pathogenic bacteria. From 22 to 52% of the seedlings were noted with cotyledonary leaf spots and 10 to 20% with black or brown discoloured roots, when grown on blotter, water agar or in soil. Based on biochemical and host range tests some of the bacteria isolated from these parts and directly from seeds were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava . Zusammenfassung Das Vorkommen von Pseudomonas viridiflava in Radieschensämlingen Es wurde festgestellt, daß Samen und Sämlinge von Radieschen ( Raphanus sativa L.) cv. Pyuthane aus Nepal mit pathogenen Bakterien infiziert waren. Wenn Sämlinge auf feuchtem Papier, auf Wasser‐Agar oder in Erde wuchsen, hatten 22 bis 52% Keimblattflecken und 10 bis 20% braun gefärbte Wurzeln. Aufgrund biochemischer und Wirtsspektrumsuntersuchungen konnten einige der aus den befallenen Pflanzenteilen sowie direkt aus Samen gewonnene Bakterien als Pseudomonas viridiflava identifiziert werden.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS ATARACTIC DRUGS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. Clinical evaluations have been made upon 1,450 trials with chlorpromazine, a combination of Thorazine and reserpine, Frenquel, Pacatal, and Serpasil. 2. The patient material utilized for this study consisted of a very chronic, inpatient population of a state hospital with a very high percentage of schizophrenic reactions. 3. All 5 compounds tested appear to be of benefit in some respect, but not to the same degree. 4. Thorazine appears to be the most generally effective, and Frenquel the least. 5. All drugs appear most effective in the treatment of early cases and least effective in the very chronic. 6. High dosages of drugs do not appear to provide any benefit over and above the benefit derived from moderate dosage. 7. The incidence of side-effects is highest with Thorazine and Thorazine combined with reserpine and lowest with Frequel. 8. Combined Thorazine-reserpine therapy does not follow the prediction that the good effects of each drug would be potentiated and the ill effects merely additive. Thorazine-reserpine produces a prohibitively high incidence of serious untoward effects. 9. Patients who do not respond to one drug may respond to another. Patients who respond moderately to one drug may respond maximally to another. 10. No single diagnostic category seems to respond outstandingly to any one drug. 11. Hyperactivity, combativeness and tension respond best to ataraxics. The response of insight, affect, judgment, and realistic planning is disappointing. 12. Our results support the concept that ataractic drugs are of value in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Photonics IC Packaging Investigation Based on 3D Printing Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optical packaging optimization is a crucial factor, constituting a large part of the total development of optical solutions. This paper addresses an investigation aimed at increasing the flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and customization potential of packaging methods. By employing 3D-printing techniques, this work focuses on designing an optical packaging architecture, including fiber coupling and interconnected resin parts. The presented results of single fiber edge coupling demonstrate the viability of the technology, with the potential to meet demands for communication and sensing applications. Future developments are also mentioned.
HIGH-RESOLUTION CT (HRCT) CHEST FINDINGS IN PCR POSITIVE PATIENTS OF COVID19 AT COMBINED MILITARY HOSPITAL RAWALPINDI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study High resolution computed tomography chest findings in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients of COVID-19. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from May to Jun 2020. Methodology: Study included high resolution computed tomography chest of 200 patients admitted to COVID ward who were polymerase chain reaction positive. Patients having previously diagnosed Interstitial lung disease were excluded. Informed consent from patients were taken. Different findings on High resolution computed tomography chest were summarized as percent of total cases. British society of thoracic imaging (BSTI) classification was used to classify high resolution computed tomography chest patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia. Results: Out of 200 patients included in study, 7 had previous changes on their chest imaging and were excluded. 193 patients (145 males and 48 females) enrolled had a median age of 52 years. One hundred and two patients (52.9%) showed classical pattern for COVID-19, 81 patients (41.9%) had indeterminate changes, 3 patients (1.6%) had atypical changes while 7 (3.6%) had normal high resolution computed tomography chest. Four had pleural effusions while 5 had mediastinal lymphadenopathy. One hundred and eight nine (97.9%) patients had bilateral lung involvement, 145 (75.1%) had central and peripheral while 48 (24.9%) had peripheral invol-vement only. One hundred and forteen (59%) patients had ground glass opacities while 70 (36.3%) had ground glass opacities with consolidation. Nine (4.7%) patients presented with consolidation only. Conclusion: High resolution computed tomography chest and COVID polymerase chain reaction done at the same time.........
[Biology of traumatic dental injuries].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

As it is shown in Tables 1 and 2, there exist large gaps in the experimental basis for the treatment of dental trauma in both the primary and secondary dentitions. It can be seen that approximately 12% of presently accepted therapy are based on experimentally supported treatment principles. This has resulted in a myriad of varying and often conflicting treatment procedures. A systematic investigation of the effect of an acute dental trauma and various treatment procedures on the individual cellular systems would require tremendous scientific manpower. In contrast to this need, the extremely limited research activity in the area of dental trauma is cause for worry. Unless this research area is upgraded nationally and internationally, there is little hope that the random and empirical basis accepted in the treatment of traumatic dental injuries will ever be replaced by a scientifically based set of treatment principles which respect and enhance wound healing in the pulp and periodontium. Only by the fulfillment of this goal will the long-term prospects of traumatized dentitions be improved.
Cyclic fatigue resistance and metallurgic comparison of rotary endodontic file systems.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare, in pairs, the cyclic fatigue resistance, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) appearance, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) profiles of 6 rotary files: ProTaper Gold vs EdgeTaper Platinum; ProTaper Universal vs EdgeTaper; and Vortex Blue vs EdgeSequel Sapphire. Six types of rotary file were tested in 2 sizes of each type. A 3-point cyclic fatigue apparatus imparting a 60-degree angle of curvature and a 3-mm radius of curvature was used to evaluate 30 files of each type and size. The cyclic fatigue testing results from similar file types and sizes were paired for statistical analysis. After fatigue testing was completed, 36 files (3 of each type and size) were randomly selected for SEM imaging and EDX analysis. When similar file types and sizes were paired in independent-samples t tests, statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001) in cyclic fatigue resistance were established. For both tested sizes, EdgeTaper Platinum exhibited significantly greater fatigue resistance than ProTaper Gold. ProTaper Universal and EdgeTaper each demonstrated significantly greater fatigue resistance than the other system in 1 size pairing. Vortex Blue exhibited significantly greater fatigue resistance than EdgeSequel Sapphire in both size pairings. In general, the heat-treated files demonstrated greater cyclic fatigue resistance than the non-heat-treated files. The SEM images verified that fracture patterns were consistent with cyclic fatigue failure. Differences in file design between the matched pairs were noted, particularly at the tips. The EDX comparisons showed that nickel and titanium were present in similar percentages (1:1 atomic ratio) for all file types. The disparities in cyclic fatigue results and tip design indicate that clinicians should not expect identical clinical performance from different files.
Effect of substituting arginine and lysine with alanine on antimicrobial activity and the mechanism of action of a cationic dodecapeptide (CL(14‐25)), a partial sequence of cyanate lyase from rice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of analogs obtained by substituting arginine and lysine in CL(14‐25), a cationic α‐helical dodecapeptide, with alanine against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, varied significantly depending on the number and position of cationic amino acids. The alanine‐substituted analogs had no hemolytic activity, even at a concentration of 1 mM. The antimicrobial activities of CL(K20A) and CL(K20A, K25A) were 3.8‐fold and 9.1‐fold higher, respectively, than that of CL(14‐25). The antimicrobial activity of CL(R15A) was slightly lower than that of CL(14‐25), suggesting that arginine at position 15 is not essential but is important for the antimicrobial activity. The experiments in which the alanine‐substituted analogs bearing the replacement of arginine at position 24 and/or lysine at position 25 were used showed that arginine at position 24 was crucial for the antimicrobial activity whenever lysine at position 25 was substituted with alanine. Helical wheel projections of the alanine‐substituted analogs indicate that the hydrophobicity in the vicinity of leucine at position 16 and alanines at positions 18 and/or 21 increased by substituting lysine at positions 20 and 25 with alanine, respectively. The degrees of diSC 3 ‐5 release from P. gingivalis cells and disruption of GUVs induced by the alanine‐substituted analogs with different positive charges were not closely related to their antimicrobial activities. The enhanced antimicrobial activities of the alanine‐substituted analogs appear to be mainly attributable to the changes in properties such as hydrophobicity and amphipathic propensity due to alanine substitution and not to their extents of positive charge (cationicity). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 102: 58–68, 2014.