jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An 8-Item Short Form of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) Among Young Swiss Men

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emerging adulthood is a period of life transition, in which youths are no longer adolescents but have not yet reached full adulthood. Measuring emerging adulthood is crucial because of its association with psychopathology and risky behaviors such as substance use. Unfortunately, the only validated scale for such measurement has a long format (Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood [IDEA]—31 items). This study aimed to test whether a shorter form yields satisfactory results without substantial loss of information among a sample of young Swiss men. Data from the longitudinal Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors were used ( N = 5,049). IDEA, adulthood markers (e.g., parenthood or financial independence), and risk factors (i.e., substance use and mental health issues) were assessed. The results showed that an 8-item, short-form scale (IDEA-8) with four factors (experimentation, negativity, identity exploration, and feeling in between) returned satisfactory results, including good psychometric properties, high convergence with the initial scale, and strong empirical validity. This study was a step toward downsizing a measure of emerging adulthood. Indeed, this 8-item short form is a good alternative to the 31-item long form and could be more convenient for surveys with constraints on questionnaire length. Moreover, it should help health care practitioners in identifying at-risk populations to prevent and treat risky behaviors.
Studies on metal complexes of quinazolyl Schiff bases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, India Manuscript received 8 July 2003, revised 16 December 2003, accepted 11 June 2004 The CoII , NiII , CuII , ZnII, PdII and CdII complexes of Schiff bases derived from 3-amino-2-mercapto-quinazolin-4-(3H)-one and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldlehyde'have been prepared and characterised by physico-chemical data. All the three ligands behave as uninegative, bidentate towards PdII coordinating through phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen and as uninegative, tridentate towards the other metal ions with additional coordination through thioketo sulphur. The geometry and the bonding characteristics associated with the complexes have been deduced from the electronic and ESR spectral data.
Epigenetic Age Estimation by Detecting DNA Methylation Status in Buccal Swabs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) levels at specific CpG sites represents one of the most promising molecular techniques for estimating an individual's age. To date, a considerable number of studies have reported the development of age prediction models on the basis of DNAm in body fluids, with only a few utilizing buccal swabs. The objective of this study was to identify age‐dependent methylation CpG sites in three different genes (HOXC4, TRIM59, and ELOVL2) in buccal swab samples from the Chinese Han population. A total of 461 buccal swabs, with an age range of 0.4–80.8 years, were divided into a training set ( n = 325) and a validation set ( n = 136). Samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing in order to identify age‐related genes with correlation coefficient. A random forest regression model was ultimately proposed, including eight CpGs in three genes, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.119 years. The model performs independent validation set with an MAE of 4.391 years. Our findings illustrate that buccal swabs present a suitable alternative to biological traces for age prediction based on DNAm pattern using pyrosequencing and random forest regression, offering the additional advantage of being collected noninvasively.
High performance 1 × 2 wavelength-selectiveswitchcomprising string of 2 × 2 optical switches sandwichingchannel-rejection devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors propose a 1 × 2 wavelength-selective switch in which each selected channel signal bypasses its associated channel selection device. Experiments using an 8-channel 10 Gbit/s wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signal show that this configuration results in high filter performance with a crosstalk value of > 38 dB, a flat passband as wide as the channel spacing, and satisfactory among-channel insertion loss uniformity with a ripple of no more than 0.1 dB.
Liver cytosolic 1 antigen-antibody system in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Within the multiform liver/kidney microsomal (LKM) family, a subgroup of sera that reacts with a liver cytosolic (LC) protein has been isolated and the new antigen-antibody system is called LC1. Unlike LKM antibody type 1 (anti-LKM1), anti-LC1 is said to be unrelated to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and has therefore been proposed as a marker of 'true' autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Altogether 100 LKM1 positive sera were tested by immunodiffusion (ID). Twenty five gave a precipitation line with human liver cytosol; 17 of the 25 also reacted with rat liver cytosol. Thirteen of the 25 sera were anti-HCV positive by second generation ELISA: anti-HCV positive patients were significantly older (p < 0.001) and tended to have less active disease. No difference in anti-LC1 titre or ID immunoreactivity was found between anti-LC1/anti-HCV positive and anti-LC1/anti-HCV negative cases. In Western blotting experiments, 14 of 24 ID positive sera recognised a 58 kD protein of the human cytosolic fraction and 11 gave a similar reactivity when tested with human microsomes, suggesting the presence of the LC1 target antigen also in the microsomal preparation. Western blotting reactivity was similar for both anti-HCV positive and negative sera. These data confirm the existence of the LC1 antigen-antibody system that partially overlaps with LKM1, and that it is an additional marker of juvenile autoimmune hepatitis type 2. It does not, however, discriminate between patients with and without HCV infection.
Reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased sialylation level in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer cells are characterized by an aberrant increase in protein N-glycosylation and by disruption of E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions. However, the relationship between alterations in N-glycosylation process and loss of E-cadherin adhesion in cancer remains unclear. The mechanisms of altered expression of adhesive glycoproteins in cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the expression of E-cadherin and sialyl Lewisa/x, NeuAcα2-3Gal, NeuAcα2-6Gal/GalNAc structures in the normal renal tissue and intermediate and cancerous tissues from patients with clear cell RCC. Moreover, we attempted to correlate the E-cadherin expression with some specific sugar residues of renal cancer tissue glycoproteins. The expression of E-cadherin was analysed using ELISA test and immunoblotting. Oligosaccharide structures and sialylation level were detected with ELISA test using specific biotinylated lectins or antibodies. A significant decrease of E-cadherin expression as well as a significant increase in sialylated oligosaccharides level in intermediate zone and renal cancer tissue in comparison to normal renal tissue are reported. Significant decrease in expression of cadherins and increase in sialylation of oligosaccharide structures in renal cancer tissue in comparison to normal renal tissue, and in renal cancer tissue in comparison to intermediate zone of renal tissue, are important for the future research concerning detection and quantification of cadherins and sialylated oligosaccharide structures in urine and cells of urinary sediment as possible non-invasive marker of early RCC.
Cloning and analysis of monkey fertilin reveals novel α subunit isoforms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The fertilin complex, a heterodimeric surface membrane glycoprotein found on the head region of mammalian spermatozoa, has been reported to mediate membrane fusion with the egg plasma membrane during fertilization. We have employed PCR to generate products corresponding to monkey (Macaca fascicularis) fertilins from testis cDNA. These PCR products have been used to isolate full-length fertilin cDNA clones corresponding to both alpha and beta subunits. Both monkey fertilin alpha and beta cDNAs encode proteins which belong to an expanding family of metalloproteinase-like, disintegrin-like, cysteine-rich, mammalian proteins. Surprisingly, cDNAs for two fertilin alpha isoforms, alpha I and alpha II, were isolated, encoding proteins of 905 and 825 residues respectively. The predicted fertilin alpha isoforms share extensive identity, but differ significantly towards their N- and C-termini, suggesting the possibility of more than one type of fertilin complex in primates. Alignment of monkey alpha and beta fertilins with their respective guinea-pig counterparts suggests a high level of overall structural conservation throughout, whilst providing new insights into the domain function of each.
Late Maturation of Large Metaxylem Vessels in Soybean Roots: Significance for Water and Nutrient Supply to the Shoot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The large, late metaxylem (LMX) in the roots of soybean begins development in the centre of the stele after lignification of the early metaxylem poles. Subsequent maturation of the first appearing LMX elements is gradual. They were never mature in the 8-d-old seedlings examined. In 10 to 15-d-old plants the first LMX matured to open vessels at a mean of 17 cm proximal to the root tip. Additional LMX vessels developed in more proximal regions of the roots and these also matured gradually. Based on calculations from relative vessel diameters, the potential flow of xylem sap in a single central LMX vessel is 50 times that in the total of all the early metaxylem (EMX) vessels of a typical primary root of soybean. There was a marked dependence of relative leaf area on the length of primary root with open LMX vessels. This may result from the predicted increased water and nutrient flow to the shoot, facilitated by the opening of the large vessels. It is suggested that, as in maize, the living LMX elements may function in ion accumulation.
A New Risk Factor Profile for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Who Underwent an Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We developed a new risk factor profile for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) under a new definition in patients who underwent an emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Consecutive patients (n = 1061) who underwent an emergency PCI were divided into a derivation group (n = 761) and a validation group (n = 300). The rates of CI-AKI were 23.5% (definition 1: serum creatinine [SCr] increase ≥25% in 72 hours), 4.3% (definition 2: SCr increase ≥44.2 μmol/L in 72 hours), and 7.0% (definition 3: SCr increase ≥44.2 μmol/L in 7 days). Due to the high sensitivity of definition 1 and the high rate of missed cases for late diagnosis of CI-AKI under definition 2, definition 3 was used in the study. The risk factor profile included body surface area <1.6 m 2 ( P = .030), transient ischemic attack/stroke history ( P = .001), white blood cell count >15.00 × 10 9 /L ( P = .047), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ( P = .002) or baseline SCr >133 μmol/L ( P = .007), intra-aortic balloon pump application ( P = .006), and diuretics administration ( P < .001), showing a significant predictive power in the derivation group and validation group. The new risk factor profile of CI-AKI under a new CI-AKI definition in emergency PCI patients is easily applicable with a useful predictive value.
Fig. 8. Representative mammalian teeth from the J&M in New Late Cretaceous microvertebrate assemblage from the Campanian-Maastrichtian Williams Fork Formation, northwestern Colorado, USA, and its paleoenvironmental implications

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Fig. 8. Representative mammalian teeth from the J&M site, Colorado, USA, Williams Fork Formation, Campanian–Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous. A. Meniscoessus sp., MWC 8848, incisor crown in labial (A1) and lingual (A1) views. B. Multituberculata indet., MWC 8863, tooth crown in occlusal (B1), lingual (B2), and distal (B3) views. C. cf. Cimolodon nitidus Marsh, 1889, MWC 8860, left p4 tooth crown in occlusal (C1), labial (C2), and lingual (C3) views. D.?Leptalestes cooki (Clemens, 1966), MWC 8859, tooth crown in occlusal (D1), labial (D2), and lingual (D3) views.
Major depression in childhood: Why don't we know more?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The attempt to delineate childhood disturbances has been bogged down in disputes about the conceptual and clinical parameters of childhood depression. Recent efforts to establish behavioral criteria may help clinicians to focus on and identify instances of childhood depressive syndrome, but such symptom lists are limited in the extent to which they can assess the incidence or accuracy of the diagnosis. The need for diagnostic specificity is stressed, with particular emphasis on the importance of understanding childhood depression as an entity distinct from depression in adults.
Economic Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Nepal

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The evidence of the economic burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Nepal is limited. The most recent study, conducted in 2008, is now considered outdated because there has been a rapid increase in vehicle numbers and extensive road building over the last decade. This study estimated the current economic costs of RTIs in Nepal, including the direct costs, productivity costs, and valuation of pain, grief, and suffering. An incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis was conducted from a societal perspective, employing a bottom-up approach using secondary data. All costs incurred by the patients, their family members, and costs to society were estimated, with sensitivity analyses to consider uncertainty around the data estimates available. Productivity loss was valued using the human capital approach. The total costs of RTIs in 2017 were estimated at USD 122.88 million. Of these, the costs of productivity loss were USD 91.57 million (74.52%) and the pain, grief, and suffering costs were USD 18.31 million (14.90%). The direct non-medical costs were USD 11.50 million (9.36%) whereas the direct medical costs were USD 1.50 million (1.22%). The economic costs of RTIs increased by threefold since 2007 and are equivalent to 1.52% of the gross national product, indicating the growing national financial burden associated with preventable RTIs.
Always Read the Label: The Identity and Strategy of Britain's ‘Christian Right’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years conservative Christian groups in Britain have been involved in a number of high profile and controversial policy issues. This has led some commentators to raise the question of a British ‘Christian Right’ similar to that which rose to prominence in the United States from the 1970s. What is absent from these debates, however, is an awareness of how identity markers such as ‘Christian Right’ are shaped and underpinned by the political dynamics of group mobilisation. Utilising insights from Social Identity Theory, and drawing on a series of elite-level interviews, this paper shows that conservative Christian groups reject the ‘Christian Right’ label, but that this forms part of a broader strategic positioning in response to challenges posed by the pressures of secularisation.
Porang's Marketing Margin in the Agroforestry Program in Ngawi District, East Java

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Porang is a plant widely developed under forest stands and on community land with an agroforestry pattern that lives around the forest. However, the community has yet to exploit porang as a business unit to meet food needs but only used it to fulfill daily needs. The research aims to analyze marketing margins and people's profit margins. Data was collected through field observations and interviews with 100 respondents, who were determined by purposive sampling. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to describe the marketing channel of Porang, and then a study of marketing margins and profit margins was carried out. Based on data analysis, there are two marketing channels for porang: channel one, where farmers sell porang directly to consumers, and channel 2, where the marketing of porang is through intermediary traders. The first channel has no marketing margin and profit margin value minimum of IDR 1,200 and maksimum IDR OF 1,800, while in channel 2, porang marketing has a marketing margin maksimum value of IDR 6,500 and a profit margin minimum of IDR 4,500
Cork oak wood properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With the objective of assessing the wood technological quality of cork oak (Quercus suber L.), several wood properties have been investigated, within the Suberwood European project, by the different research teams involved and with the contribution of external partners. A characterisation of cork oak wood is made here, summarising the main results achieved. The aesthetic quality of cork oak wood surfaces is dominated by the presence of large multi-seriate rays (in tangential sections with an average 5,2 mm in height and 0.5 mm in width) and of vessels with a semi-ring porosity (representing 4-9% of the area in the transverse section). In relation to its hygroscopic properties and dimensional stability, cork oak wood showed a medium fiber saturation point (25-32%) and higroscopicity (0.003) and was classified as a medium retractile wood (13-16% total volumetric retraction), with a medium to low linear retraction (tangential 7.5%-9.9%, axial 0.7%-1.6%, radial 3.5%-4.3%). The wood density determined by microdentsitometry showed an overall between ring and within ring homogeneity at an average ring density of 0,894, with a tendency to some radial decrease from pith to bark. Conventional wood density determinations at 12% moisture content varied from 0.63-0.67 g/cm3. The chemical analysis of the wood revealed a low ash content (1.5% on average), high extractives (12.7%), and an average lignin content of 25.4% (22.1% klason lignin). According to strength tests under axial compression, transversal tension and static bending, cork oak wood has medium mechanical strength. The wood natural durability was tested against two wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi (Coniophora puteana and Coriolous versicolor), and heartwood was rated as not durable and sapwood as slightly durable.
THE ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM USING REAL AND REACTIVE POWERS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The two technologies presented in this study analyze the real and reactive powers of the incoming line on houses to find which electronic appliances are currently used. First the presented algorithm uses a frequency to perform classifications on the real power (P) and reactive power (Q) plane to generate classifiers and then use a frequency to find the estimates of the power use of each appliance. The second presented method uses the power changes in each pair of states of each appliance. Then the sum of subset algorithm is applied to create a classifier. In this paper, the real and reactive power quantities are measured from the total amount of power used. They will be compared with the previously saved power signature of each household appliance to identify the appliances in use. The experimentation results show that the disaggregation accuracy showed good performance at 95.3% on five appliances and seven electric appliances.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Wireless Capsule Motility (WCM) Compared to Traditional Testing for Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Wireless capsule motility testing (Smartpill GI Monitoring System, Smartpill Corporation, Buffalo, NY) was approved by the FDA in 2006. WCM allows for calculation of gastric, small bowel, and colonic transit times within a 5-day recording period. Traditional testing for patients with symptoms suggestive of upper or lower gastrointestinal motility disorders includes nuclear medicine gastric scintigraphy (GES) and colonic sitzmarker studies. The cost-effectiveness of wireless capsule motility testing deserves furher study. Methods: We performed a 5-year Markov analysis comparing WCM to traditional testing. The base case was a 45-year-old female presenting with symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain, post-prandial bloating, and constipation. We modeled probabilities over a 5-year time period and used 3-month cycles. Testing options included initial WCM or traditional testing with either gastric nuclear medicine scintigraphy examination (GES) or colonic sitzmarker testing depending upon the predominance of upper or lower gastrointestinal symptoms. For patients in the traditional arm, we assumed that one diagnostic test would occur per month. We assumed that 50% of patients with abnormal gastric emptying times on WCM would be false positive results (Kuo, APT 2008), and therefore all patients with abnormal gastric transit times on WCM would require confirmation with a GES study. We used health-state utility values (quality-adjusted life years or QALYs) from the GERD population on and off of medical therapy. (Gerson AJG 2005). Costs were based on 2011 Medicare rates. Results: For the base case patient with both upper and lower gastrointestinal functional symptoms, the initial WCM study cost $802 and was associated with 3.74 QALYs cmpared to the traditional arm that cost $204 and was associated with 3.71 QALYs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $18.437 for the WCM arm. In a second model where evaluation of only upper GI symptoms was considered, WCM was dominated by the traditional arm that was equally as effective but far less expensive ($704 for WCM compared to $198 for the traditional arm). Tornedo analysis demonstrated that the variables with the greatest impact on the model included the WCM cost, the false positive rate for gastric emptying on WCM, the QALY associated with the symptomatic state, and the probability of delayed gastric transit time. Conclusion: In patients presenting with upper and lower functional gastrointestinal symptoms, initial WCM appears to be a cost-effective approach. However, for patients presenting with upper or lower symptoms alone, tradiational testing would be preferred.Table: [1513] Costs and probabilities for the decision model
Functionalized latex particles as substrates for metal mediated radical polymerization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The incorporation of a hydrophilic polymer shell at the surface of latex particles was studied using a “grafting from” approach based on aqueous metal-mediated radical polymerization. Latexes were synthesized via classical emulsion polymerization and functionalized at their surface by a comonomer bearing a Br-funcitonal group (the so-called inimer), which played the role of the initiator in the grafting reaction. Conditions under which the grafting could be performed at 25°C, using a real latex (no elimination of the surfactant anf the radical initiator), in the presence of CuBr2, N,N,N’,N’’,N’’-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) and zero valent metal, in particulary Cu(0), were indentified. The success of the functionalization and grafting steps was evaluated by ToF-SIMS (time-of-light secoondary iom mass spectromtry), by FTIR and by the final properties of the so-formed core-shell particles.