jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Hot and the Colorful: Understanding the Metabolism, Genetics and Evolution of Consumer Preferred Metabolic Traits in Pepper and Related Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recent advances in genomics and metabolomics have made the study of specialized metabolism far more tractable than it was previously. Here we evaluate specialized metabolite pathways of Capsicum spp. (peppers), focusing mainly on carotenoids, flavonoids, and capsaicinoids as examples of classes of secondary metabolites. To place these data in the context of the evolution of metabolic pathways, we compare the extent of genomic and chemical diversity in several species of the nightshades (Solanaceae), the family to which pepper belongs. We further discuss the genetic mechanisms known to underly metabolic diversity prior to carrying out a detailed genomic study of the enzymes active in the pathways influencing fruit color and pungency. Using large-scale comparative analyses across 25 sequenced plant genomes, we identify orthologs of structural metabolic genes and discuss the data in terms of variation of gene family size and its impact on the diversity of secondary metabolites.
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Leptadenia pyrotechnica

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Traditional healing systems which mainly rely on plants, herbs and shrubs always played a vital role in the global health system. As the natural products are usually less toxic, have less side effects and easily available so the demand for plant base drugs is increasing. This ultimately provides a base for the drug research. Leptadenia pyrotechnica is a shrub found in desert areas belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. It is an important medicinal plant and all parts of the plant are used in folk medicines. The present article is having a detail about phytochemistry, pharmacological activities of the plant and isolated constituents with their structures. The updated information included in this article will be helpful for the researchers.
Field Studies of Microbial Removal from Stormwater by Bioretention Cells with Fly-Ash Amendment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Microbial pollution in stormwater is a concern in urban areas across the U.S. and is a leading cause of water-quality impairment in the United States. This issue may be addressed through the use of best management practices (BMPs) and target limits for pathogenic indicator species. Bioretention is a commonly used low impact development strategy that addresses this growing pollution problem at the source. Bioretention removal efficiencies have been well studied when considering nutrients and heavy metals, but field-scale treatment data are limited for microbial indicators. The primary objective of this study was to quantify microbial removal by installed bioretention cells with fly-ash amended soils. Three bioretention cells in Grove, Oklahoma were monitored over one and a half years and the removal microbial efficiency was quantified. Overall, removal rates for E. coli, enterococci, and coliphage were highly variable, with mean and standard deviations for removals for each site respectively: E. coli 87%, 35%, and 43%; enterococci 97%, 95%, and 80%; and coliphage 38%, 75%, and 32%. The site with negative removal efficiency appears to have some groundwater intrusion during storm events. Based on this relatively limited data set, these fly-ash amended bioretention cells performed 49% better than those with a sand-only filter media layer currently reported in the literature. Based on this initial field study, it appears that fly-ash amended bioretention cells may be a viable option for enhanced microbial removal from stormwater runoff.
Novel Analogues of Degarelix Incorporating Hydroxy-, Methoxy-, and Pegylated-Urea Moieties at Positions 3, 5, 6 and the N-Terminus. Part III

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Novel degarelix (Fe200486) analogues were screened for antagonism of GnRH-induced response (IC(50)) in a reporter gene assay. Inhibition of luteinizing hormone release over time was measured in the castrated male rat. N(omega)-Hydroxy- and N(omega)-methoxy-carbamoylation of Dab and Dap at position 3 (3-6), and N(omega)-hydroxy-,N(omega)-methoxy-carbamoylation and pegylation of 4Aph at positions 5 and 6 (7-10, 15-17, 22-25) were carried out. Modulation of hydrophobicity was achieved using different acylating groups at the N-terminus (11-14, 18-21, 26-28). Analogues 8, 15-17, 22, and 23 were equipotent to acyline (IC(50) = 0.69 nM) and degarelix (IC(50) = 0.58 nM) in vitro. Analogues 7, 17, and 23 were shorter acting than acyline, when 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, and 22 were longer acting. Only 9 and 14 were inactive at releasing histamine. No analogue exhibited a duration of action comparable to that of degarelix. Analogues with shorter and longer retention times on HPLC (a measure of hydrophilicity) than degarelix were identified.
The essential-oil composition of Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. from Trabzon-Turkey

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Previously, the essential oil from the aerial parts of Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. (Asteraceae) from Serbia was reported to have a complex composition with ( E , Z )-farnesol, ( E )-nerolidol, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, intermedeol, and alantolactone as the main components [1]. The plant material analyzed in the current study was collected in July 2017 from Macka-Trabzon with an aim to identify the chemical constituents of T. speciosa essential oil from Turkey (for the first time) and compare it with the reported oil from Serbia. The essential oil was obtained from air-dried aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation (3 h) using a Clevenger apparatus in a yield of 0.06% ( v/w ). The essential oil was diluted 1:10 ( v/v ) with n -hexane and used as such for the GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was analyzed with an Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode; injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 250 °C. Splitless injection was used in the analysis. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as the carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. The oven temperature program was: 60 °C for 10 min and then raised to 220 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min, afterwards the temperature was kept constant at 220 °C for 10 min and then raised to 240 °C at a rate of 1 °C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35-425. Relative amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from the integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of essential-oil components was carried out by comparison of their retention indices (RI), relative to a series of n -alkanes (C 5 to C 30 ), with the literature values, as well as by mass spectral comparison. One hundred thirty-four compounds were identified representing 80.5% of the detected oil constituents. The main components of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (6.0%), precocene II (3.9%), isoalantolactone (3.5%), trans -phytol (2.9%), nerol (2.9%), hexadecenoic acid (2.6%), neryl propionate (2.5%), and thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (2.3%). The oil composition of T. speciosa was very complex as reported previously [1], but the yield in the present study was higher. Caryophyllene oxide and β-caryophyllene were both detected in T. speciosa from Turkey and Serbia. However, the Turkish oil did not contain ( E , Z )-farnesol and ( E )-nerolidol. The AChE-inhibitory activity of the essential oil was 8±1% at 10 mg/mL.
Allium crispum Greene, TAX 3479

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Allium crispum Greene Accession number: TAX 3479 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1992-11-26 Origin country: USA Biological status: Natural MLS status: Unknown AEGIS status: Not included Historic: Yes
Chromosomal location and expression of genes encoding low molecular weight proteins in wheat and related species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A review of recent work on the chromosomal location and expression of genes encoding moderately abundant, presumably non-storage endosperm proteins from wheat, barley and rye is presented.Related aspects, such as regulatory genetic effects, in vivo and in vitro synthesis, types of processing, deposition sites, and molecular cloning are also discussed.The relevance of these studies in connection with basic endosperm biology, genetic manipulation of quality and agronomic traits, and the evolution of these important crops is briefly emphasized.
Clinical Significance of Various Classification Standards of Age Groups in Predicting Survival of Patients with Glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the association of various age groups with survival in patients with glioblastoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to extracted data on new diagnoses of glioblastoma between 2005 and 2015. Four age models were constructed according to the age at diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 28 734 patients with glioblastoma (16 823 men and 11 911 women) were enrolled in the study. In multivariate analysis, variables including sex, race, tumor, and clinical information were identified as confounding factors to adjust 4 age models. In model 1, ages 39-58, 59-78, and 79+ years were risk factors of survival compared with age 0-18 years. In model 2, ages 18-65, 66-79, and 80+ years were prognostic factors of shorter survival compared with ages 0-17 years. In model 3, ages 45-59, 60-74, and 75+ years were associated with poor prognosis, while ages 18-44 years was associated with favorable clinical outcomes compared with ages 0-17 years. In model 4, ages 18-53, 54-64, and 65+ years were associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The differences in prognoses in different age groups of glioblastoma patients suggest that clinicians should incorporate age into routine clinical assessments and develop appropriate treatment strategies.
Cross-border Transfer of Personal and Industrial Data betweenthe European Union and China – A Comparative Analysis of DataProtection Laws and Export Regulations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cross-border data transfers between the European Union and People's Republic of China are crucial for international research, innovation, and international trade. However, navigating the complex regulatory landscapes of those jurisdictions – especially amid their technological competition – poses significant challenges. This Article provides a high-level comparison of personal and industrial data protection, focusing on the general conditions under which transfers are legitimate under EU law. We examine constitutional and statutory data protection laws, export restrictions on industrial data, and cybersecurity requirements for both types of data. Our analysis shows that while China's personal data protection laws are increasingly aligning with European standards in commercial contexts, the risk of interference by administrative bodies remains relevant where national security interests are concerned. The protection of industrial data presents challenges, particularly in IP enforcement, reciprocity in technology transfers, and localization requirements. Nevertheless, maintaining trade relations while safeguarding individual rights and industrial data sovereignty is achievable through thorough risk assessments and the adoption of both conventional and innovative data and cybersecurity strategies.
Cytosine base editing enables quadruple-edited allogeneic CART cells for T-ALL

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapies require multiple gene edits to be clinically tractable. Most allogeneic CARTs have been created using gene editing techniques that induce DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), resulting in unintended on-target editing outcomes with potentially unforeseen consequences. Cytosine base editors (CBEs) install C•G to T•A point mutations in T cells, with between 90% and 99% efficiency to silence gene expression without creating DSBs, greatly reducing or eliminating undesired editing outcomes following multiplexed editing as compared with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Using CBE, we developed 7CAR8, a CD7-directed allogeneic CART created using 4 simultaneous base edits. We show that CBE, unlike CRISPR-Cas9, does not impact T-cell proliferation, lead to aberrant DNA damage response pathway activation, or result in karyotypic abnormalities following multiplexed editing. We demonstrate 7CAR8 to be highly efficacious against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) using multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Thus, CBE is a promising technology for applications requiring multiplexed gene editing and can be used to manufacture quadruple-edited 7CAR8 cells, with high potential for clinical translation for relapsed and refractory T-ALL.
The Irish dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Health Informatics Prediction (HIP) for Osteoporosis Project

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of the Irish dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Health Informatics Prediction (HIP) for Osteoporosis Project is to create a large retrospective cohort of adults in Ireland to examine the validity of DXA diagnostic classification, risk assessment tools and management strategies for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures for our population. Participants The cohort includes 36 590 men and women aged 4–104 years who had a DXA scan between January 2000 and November 2018 at one of 3 centres in the West of Ireland. Findings to date 36 590 patients had at least 1 DXA scan, 6868 (18.77%) had 2 scans and 3823 (10.45%) had 3 or more scans. There are 364 unique medical disorders, 186 unique medications and 46 DXA variables identified and available for analysis. The cohort includes 10 349 (28.3%) individuals who underwent a screening DXA scan without a clear fracture risk factor (other than age), and 9947 (27.2%) with prevalent fractures at 1 of 44 skeletal sites. Future plans The Irish DXA HIP Project plans to assess current diagnostic classification and risk prediction algorithms for osteoporosis and fractures, identify the risk predictors for osteoporosis and develop novel, accurate and personalised risk prediction tools, by using the large multicentre longitudinal follow-up cohort. Furthermore, the dataset may be used to assess, and possibly support, multimorbidity management due to the large number of variables collected in this project.
Urban Space and Political Consciousness: A Report on Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How is space political? This article first highlights Marx and Engels’s contributions to this question, then examines how a later generation of Marxists exemplified by Manuel Castells and his theory of “ collective consumption” returned to it with decidedly structuralist and reductive readings of Marxism. In conclusion, the article outlines how Fredric Jameson’s work on postmodernism and “cognitive mapping” provides a more holistic Marxist approach to urban experience by linking political economy to cultural theory.
CMV infection in liver transplantation under cyclosporine or FK 506 immunosuppression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The herpesvirus family is a frequent cause of infectious complications after liver transplantation.1,2 In particular, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been identified in our historical series as the most frequent infection seen either under cyclosporine (CyA)- or FK 506-based immunosuppression.3,4

A direct comparison between these two immunosuppressive regimens has been addressed as part of a randomized trial, allowing us to determine whether there are any differences in terms of the incidence and characteristics of CMV infection in patients immunosuppressed with either FK 506 or CyA.
On the Excess Distortion Exponent for Memoryless Gaussian Source-Channel Pairs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For a memoryless Gaussian source under the squared-error distortion fidelity criterion and a memoryless additive Gaussian noise channel with a quadratic power constraint at the channel input, upper and lower bounds for the joint source-channel coding excess distortion exponent (which is the exponent of the probability of excess distortion) are established. A necessary and sufficient condition for which the two bounds coincide is provided, thus exactly determining the exponent. This condition is observed to hold for a wide range of source-channel parameters.
Materials Fingerprinting Classification

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Significant progress in many classes of materials could be made with the availability of experimentally-derived large datasets composed of atomic identities and three-dimensional coordinates. Methods for visualizing the local atomic structure, such as atom probe tomography (APT), which routinely generate datasets comprised of millions of atoms, are an important step in realizing this goal. However, state-of-the-art APT instruments generate noisy and sparse datasets that provide information about elemental type, but obscure atomic structures, thus limiting their subsequent value for materials discovery. The application of a materials fingerprinting process, a machine learning algorithm coupled with topological data analysis, provides an avenue by which here-to-fore unprecedented structural information can be extracted from an APT dataset. As a proof of concept, the material fingerprint is applied to high-entropy alloy APT datasets containing body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structures. A local atomic configuration centered on an arbitrary atom is assigned a topological descriptor, with which it can be characterized as a BCC or FCC lattice with near perfect accuracy, despite the inherent noise in the dataset. This successful identification of a fingerprint is a crucial first step in the development of algorithms which can extract more nuanced information, such as chemical ordering, from existing datasets of complex materials.
PROTOFIBRILS, PORES, FIBRILS, AND NEURODEGENERATION: Separating the Responsible Protein Aggregates from The Innocent Bystanders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases), are characterized at autopsy by neuronal loss and protein aggregates that are typically fibrillar. A convergence of evidence strongly suggests that protein aggregation is neurotoxic and not a product of cell death. However, the identity of the neurotoxic aggregate and the mechanism by which it disables and eventually kills a neuron are unknown. Both biophysical studies aimed at elucidating the precise mechanism of in vitro aggregation and animal modeling studies support the emerging notion that an ordered prefibrillar oligomer, or protofibril, may be responsible for cell death and that the fibrillar form that is typically observed at autopsy may actually be neuroprotective. A subpopulation of protofibrils may function as pathogenic amyloid pores. An analogous mechanism may explain the neurotoxicity of the prion protein; recent data demonstrates that the disease-associated, infectious form of the prion protein differs from the neurotoxic species. This review focuses on recent experimental studies aimed at identification and characterization of the neurotoxic protein aggregates.
Predicting Price-Limit-Hitting Stocks with Hierarchical Graph Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In most stock markets, stock prices are not allowed to rise above a daily limit (called price limit). In order to make overnight profits, some investors buy price-limit-hitting stocks with their price limits and sell them in the next trading day. But it is high risk because the price-limit-hitting stocks might close with a lower price than their price limits. Fortunately, we found that the price-limit-hitting stocks will rise in the next trading day with high ratio if they close with their price limits. Therefore, it is of meaningful to predict whether a price-limit-hitting stock will close with its price limit (Type I) or not (Type II). In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Graph Neural Network (HGNN) for predicting price-limit-hitting stock classification once a stock touches its price limit. In HGNN framework, we construct stock relation graph, and fuse stock information hierarchically from different views including node view, relation view and graph view, which takes historical sequence feature and stock relation into consideration. Extensive experimental results show that our method achieves high classification accuracy, and high return ratio on two real datasets.
Work in progress &#x2014; Engineering creativity and propensity for innovative thinking and design in engineering students

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the past two decades, various research studies across education and business fields have attempted to measure individuals' creativity and innovative behavior. The research on creativity has most often been accomplished in K-12 education while research in innovation has focused on workplace measurement. Business research has attempted to link metrics of innovation to entrepreneurship. Educational research has not broached this connection. Research is somewhat split as to whether creativity and innovation are domain or disciplinary characteristics or traits or whether they can be measured in general form. Such research has not been focused on engineering or the sciences. Interestingly, both engineering and scientifically focused industries are expecting both innovative and entrepreneurial skills in their degreed employees. To meet the need of measuring whether engineering programs are inspiring and cultivating creativity and innovation (a recognized precursor of entrepreneurship,) I designed an engineering creativity and innovation index. This paper reports on the development, theoretical grounding and reliability and validity testing and piloting of this new instrument.