jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic ischaemic heart disease combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to retrospective analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are common diseases that rank highest in the Global Burden of Disease Study (2019). IHD and COPD are often combined, making diagnosis and treatment of patients difficult in actual clinical practice. The aim of the study was to identify problems in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a combination of chronic IHD and COPD, based on a retrospective analysis of medical records. Patient’s adherence to treatment was also assessed with the Morisky Scale (MMAS-8). The analysis of 108 inpatient charts with a combination of chronic IHD and COPD was carried out. The quality of diagnosis and treatment of IHD was evaluated in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine N152 dated March 02 2016, considering the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (2019). It was found that smoking history was in 23.1% of patients, a body mass index (BMI) was calculated in 51,9%, and a carotid ultrasound examination was carried out in 7.4% of cases. The total cholesterol level was determined in 59.2% of patients, while the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was determined in only 43.5%. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed in 62.9 % of patients, but stress-echocardiography and exercise ECG were not performed. Daily ECG monitoring was performed in 60.2% of cases. The levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) were not detrmined to precise etiology of dyspnea. It was also found that beta-blockers (29.6% of patients), ivabradine (11.1% of patients) and statins (65.7% of patients) are seldom administered to patients with IHD and COPD. The targeted doses of these drugs are not reached. Fixed combinations of long-term bronchodilalarors were insufficiently used in therapy of COPD. However, patients' adherence to basic IHD and COPD therapy is weak. 45.4 % of patients were non-adherent to treatment, 43.5% were medium-adherent, and only 11.1% of patients were adherent to treatment.
Preliminary results in routing games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we determine routing polices for a data transmission network that are robust with respect to attempts of packet interception by an adversary. This problem is formulated as a zero-sum game between the designer of the routing algorithm and an adversary that attempts to intersect packets. We show that for some versions of the game, the optimal routing policies also maximize the throughput between the source to the destination node. In this paper we also list problems in this area that remain open. 1
Satisfaction with health and oneself and the Unplugged program among Slovak Schoolchildren

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The investigation of protective factors and intervention effects on health are important issues of prospective studies. The aims of this study were to explore the changes in schoolchildren’s satisfaction with their health and themselves (SH) following their participation in the Unplugged program (PU). Methods This study was carried out as a cluster randomized controlled trial (1195 participating schoolchildren, Mean age=11.52; 47.4% boys) with data collection conducted immediately before PU implementationT1, immediately after the implementationT2 then 3 monthsT3, 12 monthsT4, and 18 months after the implementationT5. The schools were randomly assigned to either an experimental (EG, n = 540) or control group (CG, n = 655). EG was exposed to PU consisting of 12 lessons (http://www.eudap.net/). The effect of participating in PU, gender, and self-efficacy (SET1) were explored in relation to changes in SH in both EG and CG. GLM Repeated Measures were used for the data analyses. Results There was a significant main effect of time on SH, F(4, 1096)=6.685, p &lt; 0.001. The contrast analysis revealed that SH was significantly lower at every follow-up when compared to SH at T1. There was a significant interaction effect SHxSE, F(4, 1096)=2.868, p &lt; 0.05. The contrast analysis revealed that SH was significantly lower at T2 than at T1 among the schoolchildren with a lower level of SE. Finally, the SHxSExPU interaction was significant F(4, 1096)=2.779, p &lt; 0.05 and the contrast analysis revealed that SH was significantly higher at T5 than at T1 among those participants of PU with a higher level of SE. Conclusions The findings generally suggest that while there was a decrease of SH among schoolchildren between T1 and T5 a long-term effectT5 of PU was found among the program participants with higher levels of SE who were able to maintain higher level of SH. Key messages Schoolchildren’s satisfaction with their health and themselves was found to generally decrease in time during the 22 months when Unplugged was implemented and evaluated. A long-term effect of Unplugged was detected among program participants with higher levels of self-efficacy who were able to maintain higher level of satisfaction with their health and themselves.
N-Methylcyclosiloxazanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-MethylcyclosiloxazanesR. L. Elliott and L. W. BreedCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4, 10, 1455–1457Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50032a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50032a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Le Candi Badut

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jacques Dumarçay Candi Badut, in the Malang region in East Java, was built in the second half of the 8th c. It was subsequently transformed over a long span of time up to the 1 3th c. as it was adapted to successive changes of rituals. The observation of these transformations shows the role of architecture in the ritual life of temples, but also the liberty of builders towards the religious symbolism of the buildings.
Optimized Arrangement of Cables in Cable Tunnel of Substation Considering Fireproof Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cable tunnel fire is a major cause of accidents in substations. Nowadays, a large number of cables are spread out in cable tunnels of substations, and the cable layout in the cable tunnel is dense and non-standard way, which may be prone to a cable fire. In order to improve fireproof performance in cable tunnels of substations, numerical simulations of the fireproof performance of the cable tunnels were performed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator by changing the overall arrangement of the high-voltage cables in cable tunnels. The simulation results show that the temperature, CO and CO 2 concentrations, and fire heat release rate follow the same trend for each monitoring point under different layouts of high voltage cables in cable tunnels of substations. The heat release rate of cable fires is minimized when high-voltage cables are arranged in "one" and "triangle" types, with the interlayer distance being 0.65m and 1.15m respectively. Moreover, the preferred layout type may be the "triangle" type arrangement when laying cables in cable tunnels of substations. The paper provide an optimized arrangement method of cable in cable tunnels of substations.
Pre-service teachers understanding of continuity of functions in the context of assessment items

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Continuous and non-continuous functions are dealt with in the grades 10 to 12 South African high schools topics as prescribed by the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement. This article reports on the use of a combined framework for mathematical thinking that incorporated the ideas of APOS (action-process-object-schema) and the TWM (three worlds of mathematics) theories developed in a previous paper. The present study is qualitative in that it reports on those pre-service teachers’ mental constructions of the concept of continuity of single-valued functions, obtained from analysis of their responses to examination questions. The four pre-service teachers in this study specialised in the teaching of mathematics for the FET high school curriculum at an education faculty in a South African university. One of the rationales for assessment is to get informed feedback on the effect of instructional treatments. These pre-service teachers’ responses in their final examination were analysed using a modified framework for reflective abstraction (MFRA). This paper is follow-up to a two-tiered concurrent approach which engaged pre-service teacher with an instructional design worksheet and collaborations, to develop mathematical understandings of the concept of continuity. In this study it was found that the mathematics pre-service teachers worked in a symbolic world of MFRA. There was no clear demarcation between the embodied and symbolic worlds of MFRA. These pre-service teachers either used one or the other, or moved flexibly between them when offering their explanations
A survey of the Desulfuromonadia “cytochromome” provides a glimpse of the unexplored diversity of multiheme cytochromes in nature

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Multiheme cytochromes c (MHC) provide prokaryotes with a broad metabolic versatility that contributes to their role in the biogeochemical cycling of the elements and in energy production in bioelectrochemical systems. However, MHC have only been isolated and studied in detail from a limited number of species. Among these, Desulfuromonadia spp. are particularly MHC-rich. To obtain a broad view of the diversity of MHC, we employed bioinformatic tools to study the cytochromome encoded in the genomes of the Desulfuromonadia class. Results We found that the distribution of the MHC families follows a different pattern between the two orders of the Desulfuromonadia class and that there is great diversity in the number of heme-binding motifs in MHC. However, the vast majority of MHC have up to 12 heme-binding motifs. MHC predicted to be extracellular are the least conserved and show high diversity, whereas inner membrane MHC are well conserved and show lower diversity. Although the most prevalent MHC have homologues already characterized, nearly half of the MHC families in the Desulforomonadia class have no known characterized homologues. AlphaFold2 was employed to predict their 3D structures. This provides an atlas of novel MHC, including examples with high beta-sheet content and nanowire MHC with unprecedented high numbers of putative heme cofactors per polypeptide. Conclusions This work illuminates for the first time the universe of experimentally uncharacterized cytochromes that are likely to contribute to the metabolic versatility and to the fitness of Desulfuromonadia in diverse environmental conditions and to drive biotechnological applications of these organisms.
CLONING AND ANALYSIS OF THE HOMOLOGY OF THE FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE GENES IN SIBERICAN TIGER (PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICA)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pituitary gonadotropin follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) play important roles in regulating gonad function and are essential for normal reproductive function in mammals. In this paper, by comparing the FSH/LH common α, FSH β and LH β cDNA sequences reported from humans, cattle, sheep, pigs, rats and mice, three pairs of primers were designed and synthesized according to the conserved region. Using these primers, the genes encoding α, FSH β and LH β in Panthera tigris altaica were amplified by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) from pituitary total RNA and were cloned, sequenced and submitted to GenBank, with accessions Nos. AF408393, AF540937 and AF540935 respectively. It was revealed that the open reading region (ORF) of subunit α from Panthera tigris altaica was 369 bp encoding a precursor containing a 24 amino acid signal peptide and a 96 amino acid mature peptide. Similarly, the ORF of FSH β was 390 bp encoding a 19 amino acid signal peptide and 110 amino acid mature protein. The ORF of the LH β subunit was 429 bp encoding a 141 amino acid protein which had an additional Leu residue in the 21 amino acid signal peptide sequence compared to other species. The mature protein of the LH β subunit contained 121 amino acids just like those of other species. The predicted primary structure of the three subunits were similar to those of other mammals with conserved cysteines (10 for the α subunit and 12 for the β subunit) and putative N glycosylation sites (2 for the α and FSH β subunits, 1 for the LH β subunit). When nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acids were compared with homologous sequences from available mammals including humans, cattle, sheep, pigs, rats and mice, they displayed a fairly high (64 7%～96 6%) degree of conservation. Among all species compared, pigs exhibited the highest degree of amino acid similarity of 96 6%, 91 5% and 86 6% with Panthera tigris altaica . Sequence alignment indicative of some distinct amino acid diversity, which could be related to the species specific characteristics of gonadotropins, was also found in the Panthera tigris altaica sequence, such as position 39 of the α subunit, 20, 24, 68 and 96 of the FSH β subunit and 27 and 119 of the LH β subunit. Our results not only provide an insight into the characteristics of FSH and LH in Panthera tigris altaica that can make a practical contribution to its conservation, but also lay the foundation for further research towards producing recombinant FSH and LH which could increase the efficiency of artificial breeding technology.
Characterization of Titanium Effects on Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) Beams

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) therapy is gaining attention as an innovative approach for treating deep-seated tumors, combining favorable dose deposition, sharp lateral penumbra, and compatibility with ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) delivery. A critical aspect of clinical translation is understanding how beamline components and high-density materials, such as patient implants or collimators, influence beam quality and secondary radiation production. In this work, we performed a comprehensive Monte Carlo investigation of titanium effects on collimated and magnetically focused VHEE beams using TOPAS/Geant4. A 10 × 10 cm², 150 MeV electron beam was directed into a water phantom containing a titanium insert at 5 cm depth. Phase-space planes were scored downstream of the insert to quantify electron, photon, positron, and neutron yields, energy spectra, angular distributions, and spatial fluence maps. Percentage depth–dose (PDD) curves were also evaluated. Titanium produced negligible energy degradation of primary electrons (<0.5% mean loss) but induced modest angular broadening, >70% photon yield enhancement via bremsstrahlung, and nearly two orders of magnitude increase in neutron production through photonuclear reactions near the giant dipole resonance. Focused beams demonstrated improved fluence recovery and maintained distal dose conformity. These results inform material selection, shielding design, and treatment planning for future VHEE radiotherapy systems.
Evolutionary History and Vocal Differentiation in Two Cryptic Neotropical Suboscines (Pseudocolopteryx citreola and P. flaviventris)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The speciose family Tyrannidae harbours numerous morphologically cryptic species that differ most notably in their innate vocalisations. Among these, five belong to the Neotropical genus Pseudocolopteryx , including a pair of cryptic sister species, P. flaviventris and P. citreola , which differ markedly in vocalisations and exhibit an extremely low mitochondrial divergence. Using genome‐wide ddRADseq data, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships and assessed population structure within the genus and evaluated four speciation scenarios for the sibling species pair using coalescent‐based demographic simulations. Phylogenomic analyses found no mito‐nuclear discordance in tree topologies and no disagreement between Z‐linked and autosomal locus trees in the genus. P. citreola was monophyletic and embedded within a potentially paraphyletic P. flaviventris , whilst population structure analyses (PCA, ADMIXTURE) recovered both as different units. Coalescent‐based demographic simulations estimated their divergence ~550,000 generations ago (~0.55 to ~1.15 mya), with minor gene flow starting ca. ~935 generations ago (~935 to ~1965 ya), without eroding their separate evolutionary trajectories. Therefore, the previously reported low mitochondrial differentiation could stem from past hybridization. Vocal differences are key traits of the specific mate recognition systems of P. flaviventris and P. citreola that evolved in the context of plumage stasis and were likely influenced by concomitant habitat switches, playing a fundamental role early in the speciation process. In non‐learner species such as tyrant flycatchers, minimal genetic changes may suffice to produce acoustic innovations critical to species recognition. Exploring morphological differences and developmental processes underlying vocal tract anatomy could provide deeper insights into how vocal distinctions arise and lead to speciation in cryptic flycatchers.
Evaluation of transgenic event CBH 351 (StarLink) corn in broiler chicks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The influence of transgenic event CBH 351 (StarLink; SL)‐derived hybrid corn on the growth performance, health condition and physiological function in broiler chicks, as well as the possible transfer of the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein to blood, liver and muscle were examined in comparison with chicks fed on a diet with non‐transgenic corn (SL‐F). Bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio in the chicks fed on a diet with SL were significantly greater than in chicks fed on a diet with SL‐F during the starter phase (0–3 weeks of age), but this significant difference disappeared during the finisher phase (4–7 weeks of age). No abnormalities in health condition in either SL or SL‐F groups were observed, and livability did not differ significantly between SL and SL‐F groups. Moreover, no significant differences in serum biochemical and hematological values, histopathological observation and necropsy findings were observed between SL and SL‐F groups at the end of the experiment. The cry9C gene and Cry9C protein were not detected in blood, liver and muscle of chicks at 3, 5 or 7 weeks of age. The results indicate that feeding SL does not influence growth performance, health condition or physiological function in broiler chicks, and the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein are not transferred to the blood, liver and muscles of broilers.
SR-B1, a Key Receptor Involved in the Progression of Cardiovascular Disease: A Perspective from Mice and Human Genetic Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main driver of the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport and its ability to receive cholesterol that effluxes from macrophages in the artery wall. The scavenger receptor B class type 1 (SR-B1) was identified as the high-affinity HDL receptor, which facilitates the selective uptake of cholesterol ester (CE) into the liver via HDL and is also implicated in the plasma clearance of LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). Thus, SR-B1 is a multifunctional receptor that plays a main role in the metabolism of different lipoproteins. The aim of this review is to highlight the association between SR-B1 and CVD risk through mice and human genetic studies.
Methylophilaceae and Hyphomicrobium as target taxonomic groups in monitoring the function of methanol-fed denitrification biofilters in municipal wastewater treatment plants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Molecular monitoring of bacterial communities can explain and predict the stability of bioprocesses in varying physicochemical conditions. To study methanol-fed denitrification biofilters of municipal wastewater treatment plants, bacterial communities of two full-scale biofilters were compared through fingerprinting and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting was used for 10-week temporal monitoring of the bacterial community in one of the biofilters. Combining the data with previous study results, the family Methylophilaceae and genus Hyphomicrobium were determined as suitable target groups for monitoring. An increase in the relative abundance of Hyphomicrobium-related biomarkers occurred simultaneously with increases in water flow, NOx − load, and methanol addition, as well as a higher denitrification rate, although the dominating biomarkers linked to Methylophilaceae showed an opposite pattern. The results indicate that during increased loading, stability of the bioprocess is maintained by selection of more efficient denitrifier populations, and this progress can be analyzed using simple molecular fingerprinting.
Love at first sight? Populist attitudes and support for direct democracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Do citizens who strongly exhibit populist attitudes support direct democracy? Existing studies tend to claim that populists support direct democracy because of their stealth-democratic orientation or argue that stealth democrats want direct democracy due to the populist nature of stealth-democratic attitudes. Yet, albeit both populists and stealth democrats reject elite rule, they prefer direct democracy for different reasons. Populists support direct democracy as a means to implement the volonté générale, whereas stealth democrats view it as holding politicians accountable for ineffective policy solutions. Our analysis of representative survey data in four European democracies (France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) reveals that individuals with stronger populist attitudes indeed support direct democracy more than citizens with no strong populist attitudes. This effect is observed when controlling for stealth-democratic orientations and when using a measure separating the feature populism shares with stealth democracy – anti-elitism – from the one unique to populism, people-centrism.