jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of cumulus clouds based on continuous automatic measurements of global horizontal irradiance using an unshaded pyranometer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Now, active research is being carried out to separate direct and diffuse solar irradiance from the global horizontal irradiance. To fully determine these components, it is necessary to simultaneously use several instruments in such measurements, which include unshaded and shaded pyranometers, and an actinometer. One solution for these measurements is to eliminate the shaded pyranometer and actinometer. In this case, only an unshaded pyranometer will be involved in the measurements, and cumulus clouds will act as a natural shading screen. One important feature of cumulus clouds is their high optical density, as well as the presence of clear sky patches between individual clouds. This feature makes it possible to determine both a completely open solar disk and a completely closed one during the movement of clouds. An unshaded pyranometer receives a time series consisting mainly of measured Q of diffuse and direct radiation. With this time series of global horizontal irradiance, a variational analysis is carried out, according to the results of which Q are determined, at which the moment of the presence of cumulus clouds is detected, and the stability of the state of such points is additionally assessed. The presence of cumulus clouds leads to the formation of a very heterogeneous time series. We will use this feature in the analysis of a series of global horizontal irradiance, which will allow us to determine the presence of cumulus clouds automatically almost in real time. In the proposed method for detecting cumulus clouds, the previously proposed approach is used, which makes it possible to abandon the use of the clear-sky model. This approach makes it possible to reduce the length of the series for analysis to a 21-minute moving window, in which a search is made for inhomogeneous intervals in the global horizontal irradiance time series with V21 ≥ 0.33. Also, differences can be found by analyzing the series for a 3-minute window (±1 minute near the analyzed point), which moves within a 21-minute sample, according to the condition V3 ≥ 0.33. To check the facts of the presence of cumulus cloudiness, the results of the described detection algorithm were compared according to the global horizontal irradiance data for the warm period (May–September 2020). As a series of global horizontal irradiance, we took a continuous series of measurements from the CM-11 pyranometer (Kipp & Zonen, Netherlands) of the geophysical observatory of the IMCES SB RAS (Tomsk). The detection results were verified using visual control by color panoramic images of the All sky camera close to the pyranometer. In addition, one-hour visual observations of the state of the sky were used.
Ultraviolet circular dichroism studies on synthetic polynucleotides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of polyadenylic acid, polyguanylic acid, polycytidylic acid, polyinosinic acid, and polyuridylic acid have been examined at neutral and acidic pH values, and at moderate and low ionic strengths, over the wavelength range 300–185 mμ. Increased resolution of spectra below 225 mμ has revealed heretofore unexamined ellipticity bands in the low wavelength region, which are sensitive to conformational alterations for those polynucleotides which exhibit both single and multistranded secondary structures. It is concluded that these ellipticity bands, in view of their extreme sensitivity to conformation, will be of significance in increasing the usefulness of the homopolynucleotides as model compounds in conformational studies of naturally occurring RNAs.
The End of the Television Archive as We Know It? The National Archive as an Agent of Historical Knowledge in the Convergence Era

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Professionals in the television industry are working towards a certain future—rather than end—for the medium based on multi-platform storytelling, as well as multiple screens, distribution channels and streaming platforms. They do so rooted in institutional frameworks where traditional conceptualizations of television still persist. In this context, we reflect on the role of the national television archive as an agent of historical knowledge in the convergence era. Contextualisation and infrastructure function as important preconditions for users of archives to find their way through the enormous amounts of audio-visual material. Specifically, we consider the case of the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, taking a critical stance towards the archive’s practices of contextualisation and preservation of audio-visual footage in the convergence era. To do so, this article considers the impact of online circulation, contextualisation and preservation of audio-visual materials in relation to, first, how media policy complicates the re-use of material, and second, the archive’s use by television professionals and media researchers. This article reflects on the possibilities for and benefits of systematic archiving, developments in web archiving, and accessibility of production and contextual documentation of public broadcasters in the Netherlands. We do so based on an analysis of internal documentation, best practices of archive-based history programmes and their related cross-media practices, as well as media policy documentation. We consider how audio-visual archives should deal with the shift towards multi-platform productions, and argue for both a more systematic archiving of production and contextual documentation in the Netherlands, and for media researchers who draw upon archival resources to show a greater awareness of an archive’s history. In the digital age, even more people are part of the archive’s processes of selection and aggregation, affecting how the past is preserved through audio-visual images.
Motion immune diffusion imaging using augmented MUSE for high‐resolution multi‐shot EPI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To develop new techniques for reducing the effects of microscopic and macroscopic patient motion in diffusion imaging acquired with high‐resolution multishot echo‐planar imaging. Theory The previously reported multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE) algorithm is extended to account for macroscopic pixel misregistrations, as well as motion‐induced phase errors in a technique called augmented MUSE (AMUSE). Furthermore, to obtain more accurate quantitative diffusion‐tensor imaging measures in the presence of subject motion, we also account for the altered diffusion encoding among shots arising from macroscopic motion. Methods MUSE and AMUSE were evaluated on simulated and in vivo motion‐corrupted multishot diffusion data. Evaluations were made both on the resulting imaging quality and estimated diffusion tensor metrics. Results AMUSE was found to reduce image blurring resulting from macroscopic subject motion compared to MUSE but yielded inaccurate tensor estimations when neglecting the altered diffusion encoding. Including the altered diffusion encoding in AMUSE produced better estimations of diffusion tensors. Conclusion The use of AMUSE allows for improved image quality and diffusion tensor accuracy in the presence of macroscopic subject motion during multishot diffusion imaging. These techniques should facilitate future high‐resolution diffusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 75:639–652, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Belgium: building a digital Cluster of Innovation in the heart of Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the geography of the global economy, there are known ‘hot spots’ where new technologies germinate at an astounding rate and pools of capital, expertise and talent foster the development of new industries and new ways of doing business. These clusters of innovation are significant drivers of value creation and function as models for economic expansion in both developed and developing countries. This book explores the key attributes of these innovation hubs using case studies from around the world.
Value-Added Tax Planning for Small and Micro Enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Small and micro enterprises are a force that can not be ignored in China's economic development. In order to support the development of small and micro enterprises, the state has issued a series of preferential policies to reduce the tax burden of small and micro enterprises, which makes the tax planning of small and micro enterprises have a larger space. Taking value-added tax (VAT), one of the main types of tax for small and micro enterprises, as an example, this paper discusses the way of VAT tax planning from the angles of the choice of taxpayer identity, the choice of suppliers, taxation basis, the way of tax calculation, concurrent marketing behavior and tax preference to provide reference for small and micro enterprises to reduce the VAT burden.
CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR STUDENTS OF FRENCH: A REPORT BY THE AATF NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Afin de developper chez les etudiants de la langue francaise en Amerique du Nord une competence multiculturelle, la Commission sur la competence culturelle propose quatre stages de formation en civilisation et culture francaise. Les AA. decrivent la mise en place et le fonctionnement du projet
Comparative study on growth performance of Thai Sharpunti (Puntius gonionotus) using two different weeds Duck weed (Lemna minor) and Azolla fern (Azolla pinneta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The comparative growth performance study of Thai Sharpunti (Puntius gonionotus) was conducted from 20th March to 18th May, 2012by using duck weed (Lemna minor ) and Azolla fern (Azolla pinneta ) as in earthen pondof the Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Duck weed and Azolla fern were supplied as dietary feed in two separate treatments and each with three replications. Fifteen fingerlings of Thai sharputi was stocked in each pond. Average size and weight of Thai sarputi were 5.75 cm and 21g in T1 and 5.50 cm and20g in T2, respectively. The ranges of physico-chemical parameters viz, water temperature (25.00 to 33.500C), air temperature (31.00 to 34.500C), transparency (28 to 34 cm),dissolved oxygen (6.00 to 7.20 mg/l), free CO2 (2.00 to 3.33 mg/l), pH (6.9 to 7.45), total alkalinity (48 to 61 mg/l), phosphate-phosphorus (1.40 to 2.50 mg/l) and nitrate-nitrogen (2.13 to 3.20 mg/l) were within the productive range. Initial body weight, final body weight, weight gain, survival rate, specific growth rate(SGR), food convertion ratio (FCR), percent weight gain, average daily gain (ADG) were observed as21 and 20g, 356g and 308g, 335 and 288g, 90 and 85%, 558and 480% per day, 5.28 and 6.10, 1595 and 1440%, 5.58 and 4.80g in both the treatments,respectively. Calculated gross and net fish production in T1 with duck weed were 2.40 and 2.08 ton/ha/yr and in T2 with Azolla fern were 2.26 and 1.94 ton/ha/yr, respectively. It was found that the net fish production in T1 was 1.32 times higher than T2 (P?0.01, 0.05). The present study showed influence of duck weed as dietary feed on the production of Thai Sharpunti (P. gonionotus ) was positively significant. So it might be concluded that duckweed had better effect as dietary feed than Azolla fern on monoculture of Thai sharpunti.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 369-374, August 2015
~(27) Al NMR STUDY OF LINK POLYMERIZATION OF HPAM/AlCit SYSTEM

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The results of 27 Al NMR investigation of structure and composition of Citrate complex of Aluminium by computer non-linear fit of pH dependence are reported here. \{\} 27 Al NMR study of copolymer of HPAM and AlCit at different concentration ratios of HPAM and AlCit shows that HPAM as ligand first attack aluminum coordinated with water. It can be deduced that there are three phases in the mixed solution of copolymer of HPAM and AlCit based on the study of spin-lattice relaxation time of linked polymer at different total concentrations of mixed solution.
Multi-objective scheduling for the Cluster II Constellation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the application of the MUSE multiobjecctive scheduling framework to the Cluster II WBD scheduling domain. Cluster II is an ESA four-spacecraft constellation designed to study the plasma environment of the Earth and it's magnetosphere. One of the instruments on each of the four spacecraft is the Wide Band Data (WBD) plasma wave experiment. We have applied the MUSE evolutionary algorithm to the scheduling problem represented by this instrument, and the result has been adopted and utilized by the WBD schedulers for nearly a year. This paper describes the WBD scheduling problem, its representation in MUSE, and some of the visualization elements that provide insight into objective value tradeoffs.
Role of ELTD1 in zebrafish vascular development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We investigated the function of ELTD1 (Epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1) during zebrafish embryonic development, by microinjection of translation-blocking (UTR) and splice-blocking morpholinos. UTR MO blocks the translation of the protein whereas splice MO leads to the formation of a non-functional protein. Injection of UTR MO, and splice MO significantly impaired the proper formation of intersegmental vessels at 24 hpf. The UTR control MO and the splice control MO did not alter the vasculature. To confirm whether the vascular defects were due to ELTD1 knock-down, we co-injected human ELTD1 mRNA with the UTR and splice MO respectively. mRNA co-injection significantly rescued the phenotype in UTR and splice MO-injected embryos. Injection of the mRNA alone did not alter the vasculture. Our results demonstrate that ELTD1 is important in vascular development in zebrafish, particularly in the formation of the smaller vessels.
Combined differential and common-mode analysis of power splitters and combiners

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power splitter/combiner phase and magnitude imbalance is analyzed in terms of simultaneous orthogonal modes of propagation. These simultaneous modes are defined as differential and common-mode. A new measure of splitter imbalance is suggested in the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). Measured response of a 180/spl deg/ hybrid splitter is represented in terms of the differential and common-mode responses, and the CMRR is calculated. Combiner imbalance is also analyzed in terms of differential and common-mode responses, and response metrics are suggested. Analytical expressions for CMRR of several common splitters is given as functions of phase and magnitude imbalance.< >
Association of Histologic Parameters with Outcome in C3 Glomerulopathy and Idiopathic Immunoglobulin-Associated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objectives C3 glomerulopathy and idiopathic Ig-associated membranoproliferative GN are kidney diseases characterized by abnormal glomerular complement C3 deposition. These conditions are heterogeneous in outcome, but approximately 50% of patients develop kidney failure within 10 years. Design, setting, participants, & measurements To improve identification of patients with poor prognosis, we performed a detailed analysis of percutaneous kidney biopsies in a large cohort of patients. Using a validated histologic scoring system, we analyzed 156 native diagnostic kidney biopsies from a retrospective cohort of 123 patients with C3 glomerulopathy and 33 patients with Ig-associated membranoproliferative GN. We used linear regression, survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between histologic and clinical parameters with outcome. Results Frequent biopsy features were mesangial expansion and hypercellularity, glomerular basement membrane double contours, and endocapillary hypercellularity. Multivariable analysis showed negative associations between eGFR and crescents, interstitial inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy. Proteinuria positively associated with endocapillary hypercellularity and glomerular basement membrane double contours. Analysis of second native biopsies did not demonstrate associations between immunosuppression treatment and improvement in histology. Using a composite outcome, risk of progression to kidney failure associated with eGFR and proteinuria at the time of biopsy, cellular/fibrocellular crescents, segmental sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy scores. Conclusions Our detailed assessment of kidney biopsy data indicated that cellular/fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy scores were significant determinants of deterioration in kidney function.
The Beginning of La vida es sueño and the Soledad primera by Góngora

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the initial sequence of Calderón’s La vida es sueño (vv. 1-102) by studying the relationships between metric form (silvas), dramatic space, characters’ actions, and style. Comparing the initial sequences in silvas of other comedies included in the Primera and Segunda Parte of Calderón’s comedies, it points out the recurring motif of shipwrecking; in doing so, it stresses how Rosaura’s itinerary, from the initial situation when she has been bucked off by her horse to her discovery of Segismundo’s jail, echoes the shipwrecked wandering’s itinerary in the initial sequence of Góngora’s Soledad primera. The sequence in silvas in the third act of La vida es sueño is built in chiasm with this initial sequence to highlight the radical change that protagonists are about to accomplish.
Integrative Magneto‐Microfluidic Separation of Immune Cells Facilitates Clinical Functional Assays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Accurately analyzing the functional activities of natural killer (NK) cells in clinical diagnosis remains challenging due to their coupling with other immune effectors. To address this, an integrated immune cell separator is required, which necessitates a streamlined sample preparation workflow including immunological cell isolation, removal of excess red blood cells (RBCs), and buffer exchange for downstream analysis. Here, a self‐powered integrated magneto‐microfluidic cell separation (SMS) chip is presented, which outputs high‐purity target immune cells by simply inputting whole blood. The SMS chip intensifies the magnetic field gradient using an iron sphere‐filled inlet reservoir for high‐performance immuno‐magnetic cell selection and separates target cells size‐selectively using a microfluidic lattice for RBC removal and buffer exchange. In addition, the chip incorporates self‐powered microfluidic pumping through a degassed polydimethylsiloxane chip, enabling the rapid isolation of NK cells at the place of blood collection within 40 min. This chip is used to isolate NK cells from whole blood samples of hepatocellular cancer patients and healthy volunteers and examined their functional activities to identify potential abnormalities in NK cell function. The SMS chip is simple to use, rapid to sort, and requires small blood volumes, thus facilitating the use of immune cell subtypes for cell‐based diagnosis.
in Higher Dimensional Early Universe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of a (3 + 1) dimensional homogeneous anisotropic universe is modified by Loop Quantum Cosmology and, consequently, it has generically a big bounce in the past instead of a big-bang singularity. This modified dynamics can be well described by effective equations of motion. We generalise these effective equations of motion empirically to (d + 1) dimensions. The generalised equations involve two functions and may be considered as a class of LQC – inspired models for (d+1) dimensional early universe cosmology. As a special case, one can now obtain a universe which has neither a big bang singularity nor a big bounce but approaches asymptotically a ‘Hagedorn like’ phase in the past where its density and volume remain constant. In a few special cases, we also obtain explicit solutions.
Can brand experience increase customer contribution: How to create effective sustainable touchpoints with customers?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the digital era, there are several consumer touchpoints and some of them, such as word of mouth, occur even if they are not intended by the firms. Conversation among customers has become one of the most influential sources of information on purchase decisions. Favorable discussions amplify the brand’s equity, but negative discussions can damage the brand. Although customers’ conversations can be uncontrollable, firms may be able to influence the direction of the conversation by providing overwhelming product performance and/or post-purchase experiences. In other words, by providing appropriate brand experiences, firms aspire to achieve co-creation of brand value with customers. In this research, through questionnaires, we explore how to create effective and sustainable touchpoints with customers and how to identify the relevance between brand experience and customers’ contributions to the brand. This study examines the following two key research questions: Which touchpoints increase brand experience? Does brand experience have a positive impact on customers’ contributions? Duncan(2005)在他的原创性论文中指出四种客户接触点或客户与品牌和公司互动的机会。他将公司创建接触点定义为广告和包装等计划营销传播，将固有接触点定义为购买和使用产品过程中与品牌产生的互动。除此之外，额外接触点包括超出公司控制范围的品牌引用（例如口碑宣传），以及客户发起接触点。客户发起接触点是指无论何时客户联系品牌就产生互动的接触点（例如产品使用过程中的抱怨和咨询）。Duncan(2005)除了指出这些接触点之外，还认为不同接触点对于公司的影响也有所不同。有些接触点可以用于在总体上增加品牌资产，提高客户满意度，改善公司财政状况，而有些接触点不具备这些功能。 基于这一点，我们进行了聚类分析和回归分析，以确定对客户品牌体验和客户品牌贡献度最大的接触点。我们不仅要了解接触点是如何（通过品牌体验）影响客户对于品牌的财政贡献度（例如购买和顾客终身价值），也要了解接触点如何影响非财政贡献度（例如口碑和回馈）。总而言之，除了研究不同的接触点怎样刺激客户与品牌产生直接互动外，我们还要研究不同的接触点怎样影响客户对品牌的宣传。 为了探究这些问题，我们调查了1000名日本客户（平均年龄42.5岁，70%为男性），他们都是Nike+社区成员。该调查首先要求客户完成Duncan(2005)设计的24项接触点调查表以及品牌体验调查表，这些调查表改编自Brakus(2009)等人和Nysveen(2013)等人的研究。之后客户需填写李克特5分量表，用以获取他们对Nike品牌的贡献度。客户同时需划定自己对于“我计划明年购买Nike产品。”这句话的认可程度。调查最后客户还需表明他们对于Nike的支持程度以及对Nike的追随程度。该调查要求客户提供个人统计信息。 调查开始，我们基于客户对于Nike的品牌体验水平将他们分为三个集群。我们采用聚类方法区分属于Nike积极集群的顾客，换言之，就是那些拥有最高的Nike品牌体验水平的顾客和非Nike积极集群的顾客，因为我们更关注这些顾客的接触行为。结果显示，拥有广泛Nike品牌体验的客户最有可能通过客户发起接触点与品牌互动，但是不太可能通过额外接触点与品牌互动。 为了全面了解接触点如何影响客户品牌体验，我们再次进行了回归分析，这次分析只采用积极集群中客户数据。我们发现，在公司创建接触点中，只有Nike 广告能够强烈预测客户产生Nike品牌体验的可能性。简而言之，其他公司创建接触点（例如邮件，短信和网站）并不能刺激客户与Nike品牌发生积极互动。但是，三种客户发起接触点，即参与活动，在社区中分享跑步记录和获得专业建议，却可以强烈预测该用户属于Nike积极集群的可能性。这一结果证实了我们之前的发现，即客户发起接触点最能引领客户向品牌投资。最后，两个固有接触点，Nike+版苹果智能手表和Nike跑鞋的拥有率对于向Nike品牌投资的客户也十分重要。 如我们所料，积极集群中的客户对于Nike品牌的贡献度高于其他集群客户。积极集群客户除了具有极高的购买意愿之外，他们还愿意以非财政方式投资Nike，例如为Nike进行品牌宣传。除此之外，这类客户还很有可能成为Nike迷，并与其他客户分享Nike的社交媒体文章。 我们通过这次调查取得了显著成果。第一，客户的品牌体验能够增加他们对于品牌的财政和非财政贡献度。第二，公司可以通过提升品牌体验来增加客户为品牌的宣传。第三，不同接触点可以促使客户不断与品牌建立联系。简而言之，调查结果表明，接触点需要公司和品牌对其进行更多（更少）的投资。
InsurTech trends in life insurance industry of Japan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

インシュアテックの活用が進むなか，生命保険会社各社は個人情報保護に配慮しつつ，様々なデータや分析技術等を駆使して，新たな商品やサービスの提供に取り組んでいる。
Improving of TCP Performance of Embedded Network Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article deals with TCP optimization and performance improvement issues for low-power embedded devices.One of the ways to increase TCP performance in the high-speed networks or low-power devices is to reduce the number of TCP ACK messages generated or received by the system.It has been shown that the TCP congestion window and acknowledgment mechanism are dependent processes with common variables.Therefore, the growth of network bandwidth is coherent with the ACK rate.When the network capacity is increasing, the ACK rate on the channel is increasing as well.This leads to network equipment CPU performance degradation.To resolve this flaw, the ACK rate limiting has been proposed and implemented in the Linux kernel stack.