jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carpal tunnel syndrome: issues and answers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carpal tunnel syndrome has received a lot of attention recently in both the medical literature and the lay press. This is due, in large part, to increased recognition and treatment of this condition and its acceptance in the 1980s as being a work-related injury. The latter has been a source of confusion for patients and for many physicians, and signifies a real need for a clearer understanding of the entity known as carpal tunnel syndrome. This article addresses some of the current major issues regarding carpal tunnel syndrome and provides answers to those important issues.
Abstract C081: Introduction of a randomized controlled trial on areca nut/betel quid cessation: The Betel Nut Intervention Trial (BENIT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Areca nut, the seed of the Areca catechu L. palm evaluated to be a Group 1 carcinogen, is still chewed by 10-20% of the world population. It is often chewed with Piper betle L. leaf and other ingredients such as slaked lime and tobacco, to form a betel quid. Globally, areca nut/betel quid is the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance after tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine. Unlike tobacco cessation, systematic research on areca nut/betel quid cessation is rare. The negative health effects associated with areca nut/betel quid consumption warrant the need for an evidence-based cessation program. Consequently, the Betel Nut Intervention Trial (BENIT) was initiated in August 2016. The BENIT is a randomized, controlled, superiority trial designed to test the efficacy of an intensive areca nut/betel quid cessation program, and to quantify the efficacy through bio-verification. The trial is ongoing in Guam and Saipan in the Mariana Islands. Adult areca nut/betel quid chewers, 18 years and older who include tobacco in their betel quid, are being enrolled into the trial. Those enrolled are assessed for the primary outcome (chewing status) and the secondary outcome (saliva bio-verification) at baseline, at 22 days, and at 6 months. The areca nut/betel quid chewers randomized into the control arm receive an educational booklet only. The areca nut/betel quid chewers randomized into the intervention arm receive the educational booklet and a 22-day cessation program modeled after a smoking cessation program and led by trained facilitators. To date, 224 chewers have been enrolled into the BENIT. The current quit percentages are 18% in the experimental group and 8% in the control group, though these results may change as the trial progresses. The BENIT is designed to provide evidence of the efficacy of a cessation program to help areca nut/betel quid with tobacco chewers to quit chewing. Although the current intervention trial focuses on Guam and Saipan, it has the potential for greater regional and global importance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial # NCT02942745. Citation Format: Yvette C Paulino, Lynne R Wilkens, Patrick P Sotto, Adrian A Franke, Crissy T Kawamoto, Jade SN Chennaux, Ana J Mendez, Lynette F Tenorio, Grazyna Badowski, Pallav Pokhrel, Thaddeus A Herzog. Introduction of a randomized controlled trial on areca nut/betel quid cessation: The Betel Nut Intervention Trial (BENIT) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C081.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triols from Allylic Hydroperoxides and a Catalytic Amount of OsO4 in Aqueous Acetone.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reducing substance abuse in patients receiving prescription opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: a quality improvement and patient safety study in a primary care setting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic non-cancer pain is a common cause of primary care physicians' office visits. Objective: To determine the impact of adopting screening and monitoring measures in primary care settings on the illicit substance use behavior of patients receiving opioid analgesic prescriptions. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data on patients who were prescribed opioid analgesics for chronic non-cancer pain between 2014 and 2017 Q1 (i.e., first quarter of 2017). Study participants were patients who sought medical care at our academic primary care clinic practice that is part of an internal medicine residency program. Participants were adults (>18 years) who were considered eligible for opioid analgesics for chronic non-cancer pain. Interventions: (1) Rolling out of the chronic non-cancer pain management policy to clinic staff; (2) pain medication contracts with patients; (3) random urine drug screen (UDS) testing performed on patients during their clinic visits; 4) a didactics curriculum for internal medicine residents to highlight the key elements in utilizing and interpreting UDS results; (5) adding alerts to the electronic medical record that notifies clinic staff of discrepancy between patients' prescribed medications and UDS findings, as well as for quick identification of patients who had violated a stipulation of the contract; (6) mandatory regular utilization of Michigan State's online prescription monitoring records; and (7) employment of an on-site behavioral specialist for patients with mental illness or at risk of drug abuse. Main outcomes and measures: The main endpoint was the percentage of illicit drug use detected per year. Results: A total of 8096 UDS samples were collected over the study period. Mean (SD) participant age was 52 (SD 12) and 51% were male. Urine samples which had at least one illicit substance constituted 41% of the samples in 2014 prior to intervention. We found a significant decrease in the percentage of illicit substances after initiation of the intervention to 37% in 2015, 19% in 2016, and 12% in 2017Q1 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Adopting a system-wide screening and monitoring measures in a primary care setting can significantly reduce the amount of illicit drug use among patients receiving an opioid prescription for non-cancer pain. This has important implications for patient safety and the current opioid epidemic in the USA. Further studies are needed to evaluate similar interventions in other settings such as a pain clinic.
Indian Fisheries Sector in the Wake Of World Trade Agreement: Paradigms and Perspectives

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

International trade has become far more significant in the world economy, and over the past two decades world trade has grown faster than world output growth. However, over the 1990s, the value of world trade has fluctuated substantially. The economic environment for trade, specifically fish trade is changing in a remarkable way due to changes in domestic policies as well as international trade arrangements. GATT, the discussion on which started as early as 1947, the most important one, provided an useful forum for discussion and negotiations on international trade issues. Since then several rounds of talks were organized and the Eighth Round of Multilateral Negotiations popularly known as “Uruguay Round” was initiated in September 1986. Finally the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations as per the Dunkel Text paved the way for formation of WTO which may have serious implications and consequences for India in many sectors of the economy.
Retraction: Improved cognition impairment by activating cannabinoid receptor type 2: Modulating CREB/BDNF expression and impeding TLR-4/NFκBp65/M1 microglia signaling pathway in D-galactose-injected ovariectomized rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Retraction: Improved cognition impairment by activating cannabinoid receptor type 2: Modulating CREB/BDNF expression and impeding TLR-4/NFκBp65/M1 microglia
57 InDel markers for spotted longbarbel catfish, Hemibagrus guttatus developed by whole genome resequencing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Spotted longbarbel catfish, Hemibagrus guttatus (Lacepède, 1803), is benthic freshwater fish, mainly distributed in southern China, Laos, Thai, and Viet Nam. The wild population of H. guttatus is continuously decreasing, making it essential to protect this valuable fish resources. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of H. guttatus is critical to its protection. In the study, we therefore developed 57 InDel markers for H. guttatus by whole genome resequencing. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.3333 to 0.5833 and 0.2778 to 0.5000, respectively. The value of polymorphism information content was between 0.2692 and 0.3750. One locus significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). These InDel markers are of great value for genetic diversity and conservation of H. guttatus.
Evaluation of Drugs for Angina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

If a uniformly high standard of ante- natal care is to be guaranteed throughout the U.K. I see no alternative but to provide it at existing hospital antenatal clinics.The increased attendances resulting from such a centralization could be accommodated by recruiting well- qualified G.P.-obstetricians as clinical assistants, who would surely welcome the facilities and staff which at present are -denied them.Even health centres, where they exist, do not provide the continuous postgraduate training of a hospital environment.-I am, etc.,
Bar Mass, size and strength at z~0 — benchmarking for evolution of bars at z>0.7

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We exploit the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) — the deepest infrared (IR) insight available for nearby galaxies at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm — to determine the stellar mass content of bars based on a sample of ~350 massive barred galaxies. Our results point to bars encompassing from a few percent to 30% of the galaxy’s total stellar mass, with a typical value of 7%, where bars appear to englobe a greater proportion of the total stellar mass of the host in more massive galaxies and in galaxies with more prominent bulges. We also take a multi-band look at bar properties (length and strength, characterized via ellipticity) and show that bars appear thinner and longer at bluer bands. These results are pioneering in providing a reference for band-shifting corrections in order to reliably gauge any intrinsic redshift evolution of bar properties beyond z∼0.8. This opens the door for current and future studies to exploit current high-resolution imaging surveys and extend detailed morphological and mass studies of bars out to the high-z universe.
Volatility shocks and investment behavior

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate how volatility shocks affect investors’ risk-taking, risk perception and forecasts. We run artefactual field experiments with two participant pools (finance professionals and students), differing in (i) the direction of the shock (down, up, or a neutral case) and (ii) the presentation format of the time series (prices or returns). Professionals’ investments are negatively associated with the price change and performance of the stock and their perceived risk increases to a similar extent following shocks of all directions. Students’ risk perception, in contrast, is more closely related to the frequency of negative returns rather than an increase in volatility.
Diffusion of the Interspecies Electron Carriers H 2 and Formate in Methanogenic Ecosystems and Its Implications in the Measurement of K m for H 2 or Formate Uptake

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We calculated the potential H 2 and formate diffusion between microbes and found that at H 2 concentrations commonly found in nature, H 2 could not diffuse rapidly enough to dispersed methanogenic cells to account for the rate of methane synthesis but formate could. Our calculations were based on individual organisms dispersed in the medium, as supported by microscopic observations of butyrate-degrading cocultures. We isolated an axenic culture of Syntrophomonas wolfei and cultivated it on butyrate in syntrophic coculture with Methanobacterium formicicum ; during growth the H 2 concentration was 63 nM (10.6 Pa). S. wolfei contained formate dehydrogenase activity (as does M. formicicum ), which would allow interspecies formate transfer in that coculture. Thus, interspecies formate transfer may be the predominant mechanism of syntrophy. Our diffusion calculations also indicated that H 2 concentration at the cell surface of H 2 -consuming organisms was low but increased to approximately the bulk-fluid concentration at a distance of about 10 μm from the surface. Thus, routine estimation of kinetic parameters would greatly overestimate the K m for H 2 or formate.
Prenatal hydrometrocolpos as an unusual finding in Fraser syndrome. Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Fraser syndrome is a rare congenital malformation characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and urogenital tract malformations. The association with hydrometrocolpos is infrequent, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Case presentation A 19-year-old primigravida presenting at 35 weeks of gestation, with prenatal finding of hydrometrocolpos associated with hypotelorism and microphthalmia. Pre-term cesarean delivery was performed due to breech labor and perinatal death. The autopsy confirmed hydrometrocolpos secondary to vaginal atresia and imperforate hymen, associated with cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, nasal and pinna malformations, confirming the diagnosis of Fraser syndrome. Conclusions Fraser syndrome is usually a postnatal diagnosis. The association with genital abnormalities explains the finding of hydrometrocolpos, which could be considered a diagnostic criterion for this syndrome.
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ICEGOV2011, took place in Tallinn, Estonia from the 26th to the 28th of October 2011, under the patronage of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication of the Republic of Estonia. The conference was co-organized by: e-Governance Academy in close partnership with Enterprise Estonia, Estonia; and Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA. Part of the ICEGOV conference series, ICEGOV2011 was supported by the series coordinator - UNU-IIST (United Nations University - International Institute for Software Technology) Center for Electronic Governance, Macao SAR, China. The conference took place in the framework of the Nordic IT Week and various ICEGOV2011-collocated events were organized as part of this framework on the 29th of September 2011. The ICEGOV series focuses on the use of technology to transform relationships between government and citizens, businesses, civil society and other arms of government (Electronic Governance). Established in 2007 by the UNU-IIST Center for Electronic Governance, the series looks beyond the traditional focus on technology-enabled transformation in government (Electronic Government) towards new forms, new paradigms, and new foundations for technology-enabled governance, collaboration and sustainable development. ICEGOV is a platform where researchers and practitioners meet, a platform where: theories are tested, insights are shared and experiences are reported. It is a platform for network- and capacity-building: the keynote lectures and paper sessions are complemented by tutorials, thematic sessions and discussion panels. It is also a platform for development, attended by participants from developing and transition countries, from the United Nations, and from a range of governmental and non-governmental organizations. Since its establishment, the series has traveled globally from Macao SAR (ICEGOV2007), through Cairo (ICEGOV2008), Bogota (ICEGOV2009), Beijing (ICEGOV2010), to Tallinn (ICEGOV2011), all editions generating significant local interest and stakeholder engagement from both practitioners and academics.
Archaeological survey in northern highland Ecuador: Inca imperialism and the País Caranqui

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 1986–7, a systematic archaeological survey of a 120km2 sector of the País Caranqui in northern highland Ecuador was conducted. The purpose of the study was to examine the nature of the Inca's relationship with disparate sociopolitical groups at the edges of imperial control in order to better understand strategies of state expansion. The ceramic and settlement pattern data from this region offer some insight into the processes of Inca imperialism as manifested on the northern frontier. These data suggest that direct coercion and the weakening of horizontal linkages between local polities may have been important aspects of the imperial agenda in this sector of the empire.
Apresentação

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The special volume of the journal Signo, 88(47), 2022 publishes the submitted, evaluated, accepted and reviewed articles, product of the communications and conferences presented at the Online 12th ISAPL International Congress "New perspectives in psycholinguistic research: language, culture, technologies", June 3-5, 2021. Twenty-two authors represent nine countries (Belgium, Brazil, France, Georgia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia and Ukraine), since, of the seventeen papers selected, some were written by more than one author. Brazilian authors constitute the largest number (eight), which is understandable, since the current ISAPL President and Secretary-Treasurer are Brazilians.
Continuing the role of gas in future energy scenarios

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An overview of substitute natural gas (SNG) is presented to demonstrate the important role of gas as a future energy option and the need to develop more-detailed studies of the ramifications of integrating new fuel technologies with existing systems. The point is made that energy planning for the future should not emphasize any single option at the expense of other competing energy sources. Instead, the economics and technology of producing energy should be balanced with other considerations. In this context, data are given for the status and economics of SNG technology as well as for product mix, fuel specifications, plant siting, transmission and distribution systems, storage facilities, conversion costs, end-use efficiency, end-use equipment, and environmental effects. (DCK)
Results of Construction Monitoring and Phase 1 Data Recovery at the Pima County Wireless Integrated Network Project Tower Site, City of Tucson, Pima County, Arizona

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Pima County Information Technology Department and the Pima County Sheriffs Department have joined with a number of public safety entities to develop and put to use the Pima County Wireless Integrated Network (PCWIN)—a regional public safety radio system. The PCWIN project included establishment of more than 30 tower sites and/or dispatch centers, the majority of which involved the collocation of new facilities onto existing tower structures and/or within existing buildings. The consultation process resulted in a determination by the FCC that construction of the new 125-foot-tall PCWIN tower would adversely affect historic properties. Specifically, there would be direct impacts to contributing components of the Tumamoc Hill Archaeological District, as well as impacts to the visual character of both the Tumamoc Hill Archaeological District and Desert Laboratory NHL. Resolution of these issues was sought through a program of avoidance procedures, archaeological monitoring, and data recovery to be conducted in accordance with the stipulations of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the FCC, the National Park Service, SHPO, the University of Arizona, Pima County, and concurring parties, which included the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, and ASM. CRHPD contracted SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to produce a treatment plan (Hesse 2012). Consultation also determined that several of the activities associated with construction of the tower would either not impact contributing resources to the Desert Laboratory NHL and Tumamoc Hill Archaeological District or they would not adversely affect these historic properties provided construction activities followed the procedures specified in the project monitoring and discovery plan (Hesse 2011a). These activities included the identification and marking of subsurface utilities, pre-construction geotechnical testing, repair of the existing access road pavement, building demolition and tower disassembly, and at-grade power pole removal. Construction was undertaken episodically between October 12, 2011, and September 14, 2013. SWCA monitored construction activities in accordance with the monitoring and discovery plan (Hesse 2011a). SWCA also completed the archaeological Phase 1 data recovery outlined in the treatment plan (Hesse 2012). Data recovery fieldwork began on February 24, 2012, and was completed on March 12, 2012.
Immunochemical Studies of the Proteins of Cat Hair

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary and Conclusions Besides “keratin,” which makes up the greater part of the hair of most animals, there can be obtained from cat hair other proteins and these differ both in chemical characteristics and anaphylactogenic behavior from pure keratin and from a peptone which was produced by acid hydrolysis from pure keratin and which is called in these experiments “keratin peptone.” Other proteins obtained from cat hair were as follows: “Alkali metaprotein,” the protein dissolved from hair by weak alkali which is precipitated by neutralizing and faintly acidulating. “Acid metaprotein,” the protein that is dissolved from hair by weak alkali and remains in solution after neutralizing and slightly acidulating but is precipitated by again making alkaline. “Cat hair peptone,” the protein dissolved from the hair by weak alkali that remains in solution after the other two are precipitated as indicated above. It is obtained by evaporating the solution to dryness after removing the mineral salts by dialysis. If these proteins dissolved from the hair by weak alkali are precipitated by other means their anaphylactogenic properties may be altered. For example: “Protein preparation No. 2,” prepared by saturating the alkaline extract with ammonium sulphate; and “Protein preparation No. 3,” precipitated from an alkaline extract (from which no protein could be obtained by neutralization or acidulation) by the addition of a small amount of MgCl2 were comparatively inactive.