jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Host and Extraneous Factors in Heterologous Tumor Transplantation<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>3</sup></xref>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Host and Extraneous Factors in Heterologous Tumor Transplantation Get access E. J. Eichwald, M. D., E. J. Eichwald, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Chan, M. D., H. Chan, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Landa, M. D., M. Landa, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. Evans, B. A. R. G. Evans, B. A. Department of Pathology, Veterans' Administration Hospital, and University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, Utah; and the Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 1, August 1950, Pages 17–31, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.1.17 Published: 01 August 1950 Article history Received: 17 March 1950 Published: 01 August 1950
Importance Sampling: A Caveat

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

What happens when one sets up a computer simulation using Importance Sampling theory and then, during the simulation, knowingly or unknowingly, generates the simulation uncertainty (e.g. channel noise) with statistics other than those assumed in the simulation setup? By exploring this simple question, we find some interesting aspects of Importance Sampling that provide insight into its properties and have important implications. Both analytical and numerical results indicate that Importance Sampling estimates are heavily biased towards the assumed statistics, while the actual statistics have little or no effect. The consequences of this behavior are two-pronged. If the mismatch between actual and assumed statistics is unknown to the programmer, as can arise under several scenarios, then the simulation result may be misleading. If, on the other hand, the mismatch is deliberate, then the result may be simpler simulations. That is, under certain conditions, the noise samples in an Importa...
Rate Study of Ice Particle Conversion to Ammonia Hemihydrate:  Hydrate Crust Nucleation and NH3 Diffusion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reaction rates for the conversion of ice nanocrystals within 3-D arrays, to the hemi- and monohydrates (and deuterates) of ammonia, have been determined for temperatures in the range 100 to 128 K. The loss of ice and the growth of the hydrate product, as a function of time, temperature, and the activity of ammonia at the surface of the particles, has been monitored using transmission FT-IR spectroscopy. Though this study has focused on the ammonia−ice system, the results may provide general insights to the low-temperature formation of hydrates from ice particles. The ammonia hydrate formation follows a nucleation stage that occurs only after saturation of the ice surface with ammonia molecules; the propagation of the reaction depends on ammonia diffusion, not within the ice but through a hydrate crust that quickly envelops the particles. Apparently, adsorbed ammonia molecules do not achieve a free energy consistent with the nucleation of a new (hydrate) phase until saturation of the low free energy ice surface sites is complete. After nucleation occurs, diffusion of ammonia through the hydrate crust may be rate controlling, the determining parameters being the chemical activity of the ammonia adsorbed on the particle (hydrate) surface and the thickness of the hydrate crust. A diffusion coefficient for ammonia in the amorphous "hemihydrate" has been determined as 2.8 × 10-19 cm2/s at 102 K with Ea = 15 kcal/mol, while the coefficient found for the crystalline hemihydrate was 1.1 × 10-17 at 107 K with Ea estimated as 12 kcal/mol.
World Journal of Laparoscopic M Dhanesh Surgery, Kumar May-August 2008;1(2):32-35 Long-term Outcomes in Laparoscopic vs Open Ventral Hernia Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To ruleout whether there was a difference in, recurrence rate, morbidity, and duration of hospital stay between patients undergoing open or laparoscopic ventral hernia surgery. Materials and methods: Cohort study in single-institution was compared prospectively collected from patient cohorts undergoing laparoscopic or open intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair. Literature search was performed using search engine Google and our online facility of Springer Link. The following search terms were used. Laparoscopic versus ventral hernia repair, ‘laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia, controversies in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, comparison of laparoscopic and open (Ventral Hernia) repair, Laparoscopic Repair of Ventral Hernia during obesity. About 143 citations found in total. Data collected from 360 consecutive patients who had undergone laparoscopic or open intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair of a ventral hernia were prospectively collected from October 1995 and December 2005 are recorded. Main outcome of the study: Hernia recurrence and duration of hospital stay and morbidity. Postoperative complications of Claviengrade 2 or more than grade 2 were considered as major complications. Results: Intraperitoneal onlay mesh surgery was performed in 233 patients by open approach and in 127 patients by laparoscopic approach. Groups were similar for sex and body mass index and it is calculated by weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared and the mean age for the laparoscopic group was 3 years younger; and the mesh was selected larger for the laparoscopic group. Mean follow-up for both laparoscopic and open groups was 30 and 36 months; and the conversion rates are 4%. Majormorbidities were 15% in the open group and 7 % in the laparoscopic group. Recurrence rates were 9 % in the open group and 12 % in the laparoscopic group. Postoperative inpatient admission was more frequent after the open procedure than after the laparoscopic procedure (28 % and 16%, respectively). Conclusions: Outcomes of the study shows not much difference with respect to recurrence rates after long-term follow-up; however, lower rate of major morbidity and increased outpatient-based procedure rates favor laparoscopic repair in this study.
Parametric variational procedure to solve index-3 semi explicit linear-regulator control problem with constrained robot illustration

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to solve 2-dimensional, 3-links linearized constrained robot problem. This problem is of index-three linear descriptor control problem. Since the aim is to regulate its output, a quadratic performance index is proposed to form an index-3 linear regulator optimal control problem. Firstly, the problem has been transformed into standard constrained optimal control problem over class of consistent initial condition with solvability assumptions. Secondly, the solution of differential-algebraic equation has been shown as equivalent to find the critical points of some variational formulation and vise- versa. Then aggregating all functional (performance one) with consistent initial conditions in one performance (weighted) index. Under standard topology of the solvability, a parametric approach has been proposed to approximate the state-space solutions with control over the class of constraints. Hence, an infinite dimensional problem is transformed into finite one, and then an approximate solutions is obtained by solving the class of linear algebraic equations. The proposed approach is easily implemented and accurate up to decision maker selections of the parameterization basis functions and their numbers.
When the Sacred Returns: An Empirical Test

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The thesis of the previous essay-that the meaning of religious involvement can change even if the level of that involvement does not-finds further support in this essay. It was written as a chapter in a festschrift honoring Bryan Wilson.’’- As the most articulate and prolific exponent of the secularization thesis, Bryan Wilson has been called upon to do battle with those who challenge the thesis. ‘Secularization’, Wilson consistently maintains, ‘is that process by which religious institutions, actions, and consciousness, lose their social significance’. Since, in the eyes of many, religion is still around, and in many places even vibrant, critics claim that this thesis must be in error.
Inter-Method Susceptibility Comparisons Produced by Several National Methods: Report of Garenoxacin Results Produced by Methods from France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom versus NCCLS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Results: CS compliance to testing all strains was 97.3 - 98.8% and correlation (r) of the national method NCCLS/MIC was: F (0.98), G (0.95), Sp (0.98), Sw (0.96) and UK (0.95). CS produced MICs the same as NCCLS (Sp) to 0.5 x log2 greater (G), but % strains within ± 2 dil versus NCCLS was 98 (G) - 100% (Sw, UK). Similar patterns were observed for the NS (r=0.93 - 0.98) and all nations had results > 99% within ± 2 dil (± 6 mm) of NCCLS and each nation’s MIC was slightly elevated versus NCCLS (ave. 0.2 x log2). Control CIP MIC and disk results showed similar patterns. Conclusions: Intermethod GRN susceptibility results indicate that MIC and DD endpoints derived from 5 EU methods compare favorably to the NCCLS and generally were identical or a fraction of a log2 dilution higher. In contrast, zone diameters for GRN and CIP were usually larger (3 - 4 mm) by EU methods. This unique “bridging” experiment allows regulatory agencies a greater quantitative understanding of in vitro test results produced in the EU or where the NCCLS methods predominate.
Suppression of self-pulsing behavior in erbium-doped fiber lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have experimentally demonstrated that the stability of CW and mode-locked erbium doped fiber ring laser can be significantly improved with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) inside the cavity. The fast saturable gain of the SOA suppresses significantly the self-pulsing due to ion pairs in the erbium-doped fiber, which acts as a saturable absorber. A linear stabilization analysis of the laser system agrees with out experiment results.
Measuring Engagement with Online Forms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online form-filling and transactions are extremely common, both for industry and government; and it is important to provide a satisfying user experience during these tasks if customers or citizens are to continue using online channels. However, reliable measures of experience in these cases are limited. Other areas of information interaction, e.g., online search, news, and shopping, are increasingly exploring and attempting to measure the concept of user engagement (UE). In this study, we ask whether UE is an appropriate outcome for the utilitarian activities of online form-filling and transactions.
cis-Acting Sequences Required for Inducible Interleukin-2 Enhancer Function Bind a Novel Ets-Related Protein, Elf-1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The recent definition of a consensus DNA binding sequence for the Ets family of transcription factors has allowed the identification of potential Ets binding sites in the promoters and enhancers of many inducible T-cell genes. In the studies described in this report, we have identified two potential Ets binding sites, EBS1 and EBS2, which are conserved in both the human and murine interleukin-2 enhancers. Within the human enhancer, these two sites are located within the previously defined DNase I footprints, NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift and methylation interference analyses demonstrated that EBS1 and EBS2 are essential for the formation of the NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B nuclear protein complexes. Furthermore, in vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function requires the presence of either EBS1 or EBS2. Two well-characterized Ets family members, Ets-1 and Ets-2, are reciprocally expressed during T-cell activation. Surprisingly, however, neither of these proteins bound in vitro to EBS1 or EBS2. We therefore screened a T-cell cDNA library under low-stringency conditions with a probe from the DNA binding domain of Ets-1 and isolated a novel Ets family member, Elf-1. Elf-1 contains a DNA binding domain that is nearly identical to that of E74, the ecdysone-inducible Drosophila transcription factor required for metamorphosis (hence the name Elf-1, for E74-like factor 1). Elf-1 bound specifically to both EBS1 and EBS2 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. It also bound to the purine-rich CD3R element from the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat, which is required for inducible virus expression in response to signalling through the T-cell receptor. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiple Ets family members with apparently distinct DNA binding specificities regulate differential gene expression in resting and activated T cells.
Preferred nucleotide sequence at the integration target site of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I from patients with adult T‐cell leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is etiologically associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). We cloned and sequenced host DNA adjacent to the long terminal repeats of HTLV-I from uncultured leukemic cells of 4 ATL patients. The region flanking the provirus was generally A/T-rich (60–64% A/T), and a nucleotide composition bias was noticed when sequences within 25 bp on both sides of the integration target site were analyzed. In the 6-bp direct repeat, both end positions are preferentially occupied by G/C, whereas the middle positions are preferentially occupied by A/T. Furthermore, AA or TT dinucleotides are frequently present on each side adjacent to the center of the direct repeat. Our finding suggests preferential integration target sites of HTLV-I in the host genome. Further study is warranted to determine whether each of the target sequence preference is a general property of HTLV-I integration or may be associated with the leukemogenesis of ATL. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chaotic Motion in the Vicinity of Separatrix of a Parametrically Driven Duffing Oscillator With a Twin-Well Potential

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The conditions for the (M:1) and (2M:1) resonances inside and outside of the separatrix of the parametrically driven Duffing oscillator are determined. The onset of such resonance in the vicinity of separatrix is investigated analytically and numerically. The results presented in this article can be applied to the post-buckled structures under parametric excitations.
Hybrid p-GaN/MIS Gate HEMT Suppressing Drain-Induced Dynamic Threshold Voltage Instability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter demonstrates a hybrid p-GaN/MIS gate HEMT (HG-HEMT) to suppress the drain-induced dynamic threshold voltage (Vth) instability. By implementing a depletion-mode (D-mode) MIS gate adjacent to Schottky-type p-GaN gate, the drain-induced bidirectional shift of dynamic Vth is significantly reduced. The fabricated HG-HEMT exhibits decent performances compared to the conventional Schottky-type p-GaN gate HEMT (Conv-HEMT), with saturation current (ID,sat) of 345 mA/mm, on-resistance (RON) of 13.2Ω·mm, and hard breakdown voltage (BV) of 1315 V, which are similar to the Conv-HEMT. The HG-HEMT demonstrates significantly improved dynamic Vth stability under drain bias, with a negligible dynamic Vth shift at on-state drain bias of 50 V, and a small positive dynamic Vth shift of +0.05 V after off-state drain bias of 400 V. As a comparison, Vth shifts of the Conv-HEMT are -0.28 V and +0.42 V, respectively. The improved dynamic Vth stability of the HG-HEMT is owing to a D-mode MIS-gate region that shields the interplay between drain and the p-GaN region. The proposed HG-HEMT paves the way for highly stable GaN power electronics applications.
[Investigation of Chlamydophila pneumoniae seropositivity and risk factors in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease in Sivas, Turkey].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of various microorganisms including Chlamydophila (formerly Chlamydia) pneumoniae, have been frequently investigated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In our study, the relationship between C.pneumoniae seropositivity and risk factors for atherosclerosis have been evaluated. A total of 90 atherosclerotic patients (71 of them were male; age range: 45-87 years; mean age: 65.3 ± 8.7 years) and 90 control subjects without coronary diseases (41 of them were male; age range: 42-84 years; mean age: 61.6 ± 9.6 years) were included in the study. Both groups were also evaluated for the presence of risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, familial history and the high levels of ferritin, cholesterol (total, HDL and LDL) and HS (high sensitive)-CRP. The presence of C.pneumoniae IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were investigated by micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) and ELISA methods using commercial kits (Euroimmun, Germany). The total antibody seropositivity rate was found 100% (90/90) in patient group by both MIF and ELISA methods, while this rate in control group was 94% (85/90) by MIF and 92% (83/90) by ELISA. When MIF test results were taken into consideration (since it is accepted as the reference method for C.pneumoniae serology), IgG, IgM and IgA positivity rates in patient and control groups were found as 100% (90/90) and 89% (80/90); 70% (63/90) and 59% (53/90); 3% (3/90) and 2% (2/90), respectively. Statistically significant difference between patient and control groups was detected only for IgG positivity (p< 0.05) and for total antibody positivities (100% and 94%, respectively) (p< 0.05). The evaluation of the risk factors revealed that age, hypertension, dyslipidemia and HS-CRP levels exhibited statistically significant differences between patient and control groups (p< 0.05 for each parameter tested). Statistically significant relation was detected only between high HS-CRP levels and C.pneumoniae seropositivity (p< 0.05). It was concluded that in areas with high C.pneumoniae infection prevalence, early diagnosis and specific treatment of C.pneumoniae infections, may prevent establishment of chronic infection and eliminate a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis.
REAL EXCHANGE RATES IN LATIN AMERICA: THE PPP HYPOTHESIS AND FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper tests for PPP in a group of seventeen Latin American (LA) countries by applying fractional integration techniques to real exchange rate series. Compared to earlier studies on these economies, this approach has the advantage of allowing for non-integer values for the degree of integration, and thus for the possibility of PPP not holding continuously but as a long-run equilibrium condition. Further, breaks in the series are endogenously determined using a procedure based on the least-squares principle. This is particularly crucial in the Latin American countries, which have been affected by several exchange rate crises and policy regime changes. The results, based on different assumptions about the underlying disturbances, are in the majority of cases inconsistent with PPP, even more so when breaks are incorporated: Argentina is the only country for which clear evidence of mean reversion is found in the model including a break, albeit only in the second subsample.
The design of an object-oriented operating system (abstract)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This tutorial describes the object-oriented design of a complete operating system, written to be object-oriented, with a user and application interface that is object-oriented. The main objective is to illustrate object-oriented design trade-offs by studying a large object-oriented system, the Choices operating system.Choices is an object-oriented multiprocessor operating system that runs native on SPARC stations, Encore Multimaxes, and IBM PCs. The system is built from a number of frameworks that implement a general file system, persistent store for persistent objects, process switching, parallel processing, distributed processing, interrupt handling, virtual memory, networking, and interprocess communication.If you bring an IBM/PC 386-based portable computer running MS-DOS to the course then you may experiment by writing application programs for PC-Choices. All participants will receive a copy of PC-Choices on a floppy.Participants should have experience with building object-oriented systems and have a basic understanding of operating systems design. Reading knowledge of C++ is helpful, but not necessary.
Effect of Biorational Control on Predatory Pentatomid Bugs in Soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bio-rational studies were carried out for predatory pentatomid bugs in soybean with eight treatments. The results found that significantly highest in pentatomid bugs population was found in experimental plots treated with Trap crop (Castor) compare to rest of treatments and at par with NSKE 5%, Neem oil 5% and Intercrop (Sorghum). Secondly better treatment is Pongamia oil 2% except mechanical control and Chlorpyriphos 20EC @2ml/lit.
The role of dynamic capabilities in circular economy implementation and performance of companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although most companies perceive that they might not be able to implement a circular economy (CE), some scholars perceive that companies may do so by developing dynamic capabilities (DCs). To empirically investigate the role of DCs in CE implementation, we analyzed a sample of 220 companies in Italy through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). Our PLS‐SEM analysis demonstrates that DCs and their underlying organizational activities significantly facilitate CE implementation, which consequently improves the overall performance of companies. Moreover, a circular dynamic environment (CDE) may stimulate companies towards CE implementation. This paper contributes to the literature in the following manner. First, this paper highlights how companies can identify and pursue CE opportunities. Second, this paper contributes to the debate on the role of a dynamic environment and how DCs leads to performance. Third, this paper presents the measurement scales of DCs and shows how to operationalize a hierarchical component model (HCM) in PLS‐SEM.
Implementasi Metode Unsupervised Learning Pada Sistem Keamanan Dengan Optimalisasi Penyimpanan Kamera IP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Security monitoring systems using face recognition can be applied to CCTV or IP cameras. This is intended to improve the security system and make it easier for users to track criminals is theft. The experiment was carried out by detecting human faces for 24 hours using different cameras, namely an HD camera that was active during the day and a Night Vision camera that was active at night. The application of Unsupervised Learning method with the concept of an image cluster, aims to distinguish the faces of known or unknown people according to the dataset built in the Raspberry Pi 4. The user interface media of this system is a web-based application built with Python Flask and Python MySQL. This application can be accessed using the domain provided by the IP Forwarding device which can be accessed anywhere. According to the test results on optimization of storage, the system is able to save files only when a face is detected with an average file size of ± 2.28 MB for 1x24 hours of streaming. So that this storage process becomes more efficient and economical compared to the storage process for CCTV or IP cameras in general.