jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How Does Context Contribute to and Constrain the Emergence of Responsible Innovation in Food Systems? Results from a Multiple Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Organizations and practices that contribute to the resolution of major societal challenges are key to achieving a transition towards sustainable and resilient food systems. Previous research identified contextual elements that affect the emergence of organizations and practices with responsibility characteristics, but how this process unfolds remains poorly articulated. Our study thus focuses on how contextual dimensions may contribute to or constrain the emergence of responsibility in food systems. We applied a multiple case study design and conducted 34 semi-structured interviews with 30 organizations in the province of Québec (Canada) and in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Our across-case analyses clarify how multiple contextual dimensions both contribute to and constrain the emergence of responsibility. More specifically, our findings show that while contextual dimensions shaped by the dominant food system constrain the emergence of responsibility, the same dimensions also contribute to it when they embed responsibility principles. One key contribution of our study is to show that interpersonal relations are an important mediation mechanism that helps to modify contextual elements, so they can contribute to the emergence of responsibility. This study’s findings can inform research and policy aiming to design institutional environments that promote a transition towards more responsible food systems.
A case report of didelphys uterus with right obstruction of cervix due to transverse vaginal septum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Didelphys uterus is found in 0.1 to 0.5 of women in reproductive age. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of this anomaly. This study was parformed with aim to train the stages for diagnosing of a rare case of didelphys uterus accompany with obstruction of the cervix due to transverse vaginal septum. Case presentation: A 25 - years - old woman with infertility, history of irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, prolanged bleeding and spotting was admited in the infertility ward of the Royan Institute. Vaginal examination revealed a 3 cm mass in the right part of the vagina. The uterus was observed as didelphys along with a 43 mm hypo-echo mass in the right and lower part of the uterus. In hysterosalpingography, the uterus has a unicorn view. According to this result and sonography findings, didelphys uterus with right obstruction of cervix was reported. MRI also confirmed these findings. A connection was made between two uterine cavities with Strasman surgery, but the patient's symptoms persisted and cysts containing secretions and blood clots were still seen on ultrasound. Due to the persistence of hematocolposus, septum of the vagin was removed and obstruction was eliminated and all clinical symptoms of the patient were removed. Conclusion: Two and Three Dimensional Ultrasound, hysterosalpingography and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis of uterine anomalies, including didelphys uterus.
Recent Perspectives in and on Macroeconomics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

For a would-be science with no laboratory, whatever experiments nature provides carry great weight. For economics, and especially for macroeconomics, the experience of actual economies not only motivates ideas but also sometimes disconfirms them. When actual economic events are sufficiently compelling, they can even change long-established thinking or reverse the momentum of newer approaches just establishing themselves.
Magnon-mediated magnetoresistance in layered manganites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe here a type of magnetoresistance that takes place in naturally layered and outstanding ordered single phase manganites that may be mediated by magnon excitation. In particular, we show the effect for the Ruddlesden-Popper compound, LaSr2Mn2O7 synthesized by ceramic method. This material exhibits, besides the conventional colossal magnetoresistance, another type of magnetoresistance at low temperature, associated with breaking of the A-type antiferromagnetic coupling of Mn-containing planes. Excitation of magnons or application of a magnetic field breaks this antiparallel alignment so that some electrons, initially confined on the planes, become itinerant along the interplain directions through a double exchange mechanism, giving rise to resistance variations of the order of similar to 60% for polycrystalline samples. The effect described here might be present in other types of manganites exhibiting a natural layered structure, opening up the possibility of developing magnetoresistive devices based on antiferromagnetic oxide materials without requiring artificial multilayered structures.
The importance of including ADHD in the differential diagnosis in adults. About a case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction ADHD is a diagnosis almost always made in childhood or adolescence and oftent difficult to make it new in adults because it is not thought of in the differential diagnosis process and for the lack of experience from adult devices. - ADHD in adults is characterized by symptoms of executive dysfunction, inattention, emotional dysregulation. The symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity tend to be less evident. Objectives - Frequently, the adult patient with ADHD comes to the consultation with a secondary symptom and the primary pathology is hidden and often not evident at first glance. Methods - A 20-year-old woman, university student, with no relevant medical or psychiatric history, without toxic habits, who attended her first consultation referred by her primary care physician for long-standing insomnia, restless legs and anxiety. - The patient’s underlying complaint and her bigger concern is her poor academic performance. It is striking that she has just started her third year at the university, the first year she did not pass any subjects, the second year she changed majors and only passed two, now she is repeating the course. - The examination did not reveal overt affective symptoms, nor psychotic symptoms or other notable psychopathology. The patient’s speech tended towards superficiality, inconcretion, it was salty, it was difficult for her to express herself, even suggesting a certain intellectual disability. - In the first consultation sleep study is requested. And referral to clinical psychology consultation for psychometric study. Results - She is administered Clinical interview and WAIS IV (Adult Intelligence Scale), Trail Making Test, d2 and Stroop, Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (inattention items). - The WAIS-IV demonstrated global cognitive abilities within normality, although with significantly lower scores in the IMT and IVP indices which involve the functions of attention, concentration, mental control and short-term visual memory). Trail Making Test, d2, Stroop and Diagnostic Interview of ADHD in adults (inattention items) yielded profile results highly suggestive of Attention Deficit Disorder without Hyperactivity. - The insomnia subsided with a regimen of 7.5 mg of mirtazapine per day. Subsequently, after starting treatment with low-dose methylphenidate (20 mg/day), the patient improved very significantly, both academic performance and social functioning and mood, self-esteem and subjective well-being. Conclusions - We must always include ADHD in the differential diagnosis of a young adult patient when faced with a wide variety of consultation symptoms, especially if they report some type of deterioration or dysfunction in their social, family or academic life. - An adequate clinical evaluation supported, if possible, by psychometric tests is essential to reach the diagnosis, which allows establishing an effective treatment that modifies the patient’s overall prognosis. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Electricity Production and Consumption Perspectives in the Opinion of the Youth of South-Eastern Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Poland, in 2021, an increase in demand for electricity was recorded, and hard coal and lignite power plants still had a dominant share in its production. Another source of electricity was renewable energy sources (RES), mainly wind farms. Young people in Poland are aware that electricity is not only its production, but also consumption in households. Therefore, it is also essential to properly educate young people, aiming at a cost-effective, sustainable lifestyle, in relation to electricity consumption. The article presents the current state of the electricity generation sector in Poland along with the proposed changes in this respect, in particular in terms of the development prospects for the use of renewable energy sources and the influence of government administration on the production and consumption of electricity. The aim of this research was to broaden the knowledge of young people’s opinions on energy production and consumption. The research results can be used to create long-term directions of energy policy and to build a social attitude of sustainable energy consumption in Poland. The research was non-probabilistic, based on questionnaires, using the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) technique. The questionnaire was conducted in 2021, and the analysis was made on the basis of 741 correctly completed research questionnaires. The results of the research confirmed the research hypotheses—that the surveyed youth see the need to reduce consumption as a way to counteract climate change and excessive energy consumption. They also expect government support in the energy transformation in Poland, based on a diversified scenario, using both renewable energy sources (RES) and nuclear energy.
[The Parent Questionnaire in Family-Oriented Rehabilitation/Oncology--an instrument for inpatient quality assurance].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Improved long-term survival rates in childhood cancer have resulted in an increased demand for family-centered care programs. The EFR-O was developed as a screening-instrument tapping parental stressors and resources. The instrument was designed in order to assist family health care providers in allocating parents to need-centered rehabilitation services.
Cold Weather Goggles. II. Performance Evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The performance of various tasks of importance to the Marines was compared when the subjects were wearing different goggles designed to protect the eyes from the cold. Color perception through yellow goggles and riflery through the most distorted goggles were degraded, but there were no significant impairments in acuity, depth perception, or vision through binoculars. The optical standards adhered to in the manufacture of commercial goggles appears to permit the satisfactory performance of practical tasks.
Risk analysis factors for local recurrence in Ewing’s sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The aim of this study was to analyse a group of patients with non-metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma at presentation and identify prognostic factors affecting the development of local recurrence, in order to assess the role of radiotherapy. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of all patients with a Ewing’s sarcoma treated between 1980 and 2012 was carried out. Only those treated with chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiotherapy were included. Patients were grouped according to site (central or limb) for further analysis of the prognostic factors. Results A total of 388 patients were included in the study. Of these, 60 (15%) developed local recurrence at a mean median of 27 months (sd 24, range 7 to 150) and the five-year local recurrence-free survival (5yrLRFS) was 83%. For central tumours, the size of the tumour and histological response to chemotherapy were found to be significant factors for local recurrence. For limb tumours, local recurrence was affected by intralesional and marginal resections, but not by the histological response to chemotherapy. Radiotherapy in those with a marginal resection reduced the risk of local recurrence (5yrLRFS: 96% versus 81%, p = 0.044). Conclusion Local recurrence significantly affects the overall survival in patients with a Ewing’s sarcoma. For those with a tumour in a limb, radiotherapy reduced the risk of local recurrence, especially in those with a marginal margin of excision, but the effect in central tumours was less clear. Radiotherapy for those who have had a wide margin of resection does not reduce the risk of local recurrence, regardless of the histological response to chemotherapy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B: 247–55.
The Role of Exercise Testing in the Modern Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A culture of exercise testing is firmly embedded in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but its clinical relevance and utility have recently been under some debate. The six minute walk test (6MWT) has been used as a primary outcome measure to enable the licensing of many of the medications used for this condition. Recent reviews have questioned the validity of this test as a surrogate of clinical outcomes. At the same time, other questions are emerging where exercise testing may be the solution. With the rise in understanding of genetic markers of idiopathic PAH (IPAH), the screening of an otherwise healthy population for incipient pulmonary hypertension (PH) will be required. The proliferation in treatment choices and identification of populations with PH where PAH treatment is not indicated, such as left heart and lung disease, requires more definitive differentiation from patients with PAH. There is a continuing question about the existence and clinical relevance of exercise induced PAH as a cause of unexplained dyspnoea and fatigue and as a latent phase of resting PH. This review presents a summary and critical analysis of the current role of exercise testing in PAH and speculates on future trends.
PECULIARITIES OF THE RESEARCH OF USING THE IMAGE AS A COPYRIGHT OBJECT ON THE INTERNET

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Developing extremely fast, the Internet has changed our usual socioeconomic mouths. Adapted to new changes and such a regulator of relations in society as law, since the circle of issues it regulates has changed drastically. If earlier the right dealt with material objects, now there is a need to adapt the same copyright to the emergence of new technologies: printed works are increasingly replaced by electronic copies using photo, video and other audiovisual materials. Most often transmitted through the Internet, and including by such transfer infringed copyrights, such objects of rights: literary, musical and audiovisual works, computer programs, as well as works of fine arts, photography, etc. Among the reasons for such mass illegal reproduction of copies of copyrighted works can be identified technical simplicity of the operation. With the development of technology, the Internet user needs less and less time to receive an identical copy of the work on his computer, or one that is practically inferior to the original in quality. The transfer of literary and musical works is carried out with a speed that far exceeds the speed of reading or listening to such works. Another reason for the illegal circulation of works is the elementary absence of attractive options for legally obtaining the necessary works in the presence of illegal ones. It is obvious that individual rights holders are not able to track the spread of protected objects in digital networks and their use when creating multimedia products. Rights holders are actually deprived of the opportunity to protect their rights in the digital environment in the same ways as in the usual use of copyrighted objects. However, there is a clear interest not only in almost all rights holders, but also in most users in finding legal ways to solve emerging problems. The relevance of this article is determined by the fact that with the rapid development of Internet technologies, there is a need to improve legal regulation regarding the use of images of intellectual property objects on the Internet.
Fiber Raman background study and its application in setting up optical fiber Raman probes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fiber Raman background spectra of different types of fused-silica fibers are studied and compared. The results show the following: (a) all the background spectra are very similar and comparable with Raman spectra of fused silica, regardless of the difference in the cladding and buffer materials; (b) the overall background intensity increases with the fiber numerical aperture but has no obvious relation with the core diameter. Both experimental evidence and theoretical explanation have been provided for these views. A simple and unfiltered fiber probe for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection with low fiber Raman background interference is constructed, and the optimum configuration of the probe is suggested and discussed based on the results of the background study.
305 Tb/s Space Division Multiplexed Transmission Using Homogeneous 19-Core Fiber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report record capacity data transmission at 305 Tb/s over 10.1 km, using space division multiplexing (SDM) with 19 channels. To realize such a large SDM channel number, we fabricated a trench-assisted homogeneous 19-core fiber with average intercore crosstalk of about -32 dB at 1550 nm. We also fabricated a 19-channel SDM multiplexer/demultiplexer using free-space optics with low insertion losses and low additional crosstalk. The data signal transmitted through each SDM channel was 100 wavelength division multiplexing (100 GHz spacing) 2 × 86 Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying signals and the spectral efficiency was 30.5 b/s/Hz.
Significance of the first transcribed nucleoside of capped RNA for ligand-induced folding of the cap-binding complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many proteins, including those that bind RNA, change conformation upon binding a ligand, a phenomenon known as induced fit. CBP20, the small subunit of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), recognizes specifically the 5' cap of eukaryotic mRNA and snRNA. The N- and C-terminal regions of the CBP20 subunit of the human nuclear cap-binding complex only acquire a proper fold in complex with capped RNA. The cap is composed of 7-methylguanosine linked by a 5'-to-5' triphosphate bridge to the first transcribed nucleoside of the RNA. The significance of the latter for the capped RNA-CBC association and local folding of CBC has been characterized by emission spectroscopy. Fluorescence titration of CBC has been performed for three selected, mono- and dinucleotide mRNA 5' cap analogues. The measured values of the equilibrium association constant and the corresponding Gibbs free energy depend on the type of the first transcribed nucleoside (purine or pyrimidine), and decrease ∼10-fold in the case of a mononucleotide analogue, 7-methylguanosine triphosphate. However, the total quenching of the intrinsic protein fluorescence is similar for each analogue. Changes of the solvent-accessible CBC hydrophobic surface of CBC on binding of the structurally different cap analogues have been followed using bis-ANS fluorescent probe.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOME APPLE PRODUC- TIVITY COMPONENTS WITH FOLIAR NU- TRITION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kuzin Andrei Ivanovich Cand.Agr.Sci., senior lecturer Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia Trunov Yury Viktorovich Dr.Agr.Sci., professor Vyazmikina Natalya Sergeevna postgraduate student Belousov Alexey Nikolaevich postgraduate student Russian research institute for horticulture named in honor of I.V. Michurin, Michurinsk, Russia Приведены результаты исследований по влиянию некорневых подкормок яблони на формирование плодов и урожайность в зависимости от погодных условий. Выделена система обработок, включающая боророплюс и кальбит С в сочетании с мегафолом, которая позволяет оптимизировать плодоношение в годы с неблагоприятными погодными условиями Ключевые слова: ЯБЛОНЯ, НЕКОРНЕВЫЕ ПОД-КОРМКИ, БОРОПЛЮС, МЕГАФОЛ, КАЛЬБИТ С, СТРЕСС, УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ In the article, the results of the research of foliar nutrition of apple-tree effect on development of fruits and yield, depending on the weather condition are giv-en. The foliar nutrition system, consisting of boroplus and Calbit C, combined with megafol, which makes it possible to optimize fruiting in years within unfavora-ble weather conditions are presented Keywords: APPLE, FOLIAR NUTRITION, BOROPLUS, MEGAFOL, CALBIT C, STRESS, YIELD
Rapid sea-level rise from a West Antarctic ice-sheet collapse: a short-term perspective

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Will worldwide sea level soon rise rapidly because of a shrinkage of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS)? Here I give a personal perspective of that probability. The crucial question is not whether large changes in ice mass can occur, but how likely it is that a large, rapid change, say a several-fold increase in the 20th-century rate of about 2 mm a -1 , will occur in the next century or two from a West Antarctic cause. Twenty years ago Weertman proposed that a marine ice sheet is inherently unstable. But Weertman’s analysis was based on a simple model of a marine ice sheet that did not include fast-flowing, wet-based ice streams, which are now known to dominate the grounded ice sheet. Modern analyses do not definitively determine just how ice streams affect the stability of the WAIS, but it can at least be said that there is no compelling theoretical reason to expect a rapid rise in sea level from the WAIS triggered by ice-shelf thinning. Of the three main ice-drainage systems in the WAIS, the one that flows into Pine Island Bay might be a particularly likely site for accelerated flow since there is no ice shelf to restrain the inflowing ice streams, yet measurements show that this system is not significantly out of mass balance. If the “Ross Embayment” system, which has undergone several sudden glacial reorganizations in the last thousand years, were unstable one might expect a history of large changes in the total outflow of ice into the Ross Ice Shelf, yet the total outflow in the “Ross Embayment” has remained relatively unchanged despite the large internal perturbations, a fact that, points to a stable, not an unstable, system. Study of the third major drainage from the WAIS, into the Ronne Ice Shelf, also suggests that there is no gross discordance between the present velocity vectors and flow tracers in the ice shelf, although the evidence is limited. In the light of the evidence for recent stability, it is difficult to see how climate warming (whether anthropogenic or natural) could trigger a collapse of the WAIS in the next century or two. Thus, I believe that a rapid rise in sea level in the next century or two from a West Antarctic cause could only occur if a natural (not induced) collapse of the WAIS were imminent. Based on a concept of pseudo-random collapse once per major glacial cycle, I estimate the chances of that to be on the order of one in a thousand.