jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Applicability of 24 Point Blunt Abdominal Trauma Scoring System in the Management of Blunt Trauma Abdomen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common presentation in emergency departments, necessitating accurate and timely assessment to guide appropriate management. The assessment of intra-abdominal injuries can now be aided by the use of the Blunt Abdominal Trauma Scoring System (BATSS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate BATSS’s clinical usefulness and ability to predict similar injuries. Methods: A single-center study was conducted on a sample of 285 patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma. Patients were evaluated using the BATSS, with a cutoff score of 12 to categorize them into high or low-risk groups. The presence of intra-abdominal injuries was confirmed through computed tomography (CT) scans or laparotomy. Results: The study showed that BATSS has a high 89.7% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity for identifying intra-abdominal injuries. The most common organs damaged by blunt abdominal trauma were the spleen, liver, and jejunum; these injuries were primarily caused by road accidents. When the patients were first seen, a considerable percentage of them had symptoms like soreness, tachycardia, and stomach pain. Conclusion: The BATSS showed promising accuracy in identifying patients at high risk for intra-abdominal injuries, with a substantial number of cases requiring operative interventions. Further multicentric validation studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of BATSS in clinical decision-making and its potential integration into trauma protocols for improved patient outcomes.
A comparative study of the provision of Mandarin as foreign language in higher education in China and South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The importance of China as world power has led to a growing interest in and demand for learning Mandarin as a Foreign Language (MFL) worldwide. This study focuses on a comparative study of the provision of MFL in higher education in China and in South Africa. A conceptual framework was provided by examining theories of language policy planning and second language or foreign language acquisition as well as an overview of MFL provision in Chinese and South African higher education. MFL policy in China is characterised as a diffusion policy driven by economic globalisation, „soft power‟ and culture, and supported by legislation, funding and implementation. In South Africa, no specific policy underlies MFL, although motivation for MFL provision is given through strategic economic relations between South Africa and China. Against this background, a mixed-method inquiry conducted in two phases examined MFL at three purposefully selected universities in China and at the four university providers in South Africa. Phase One investigated lecturer perceptions of MFL tuition using a researcher-designed questionnaire; Phase Two explored student experiences of MFL using semi-structured interviews with purposefully selected MFL students in both countries. Findings indicated similarities in lecturer profile and differences in lecturers' perceptions regarding institutional support for MFL, particularly in institutions offering degrees in MFL, the MFL classroom environment and the curriculum. Student participants identified differences in studying MFL abroad in China and at home in South Africa in terms of class scheduling, peer and tutor support, student enrolments and design of educational programmes. All language skills were acquired more rapidly in the immersion learning context in China than in the first language dominant South African context, especially communication skills. Similarities were demonstrated in the emotional dimension of learning a new language, the main needs of MFL students, the opportunity to use or speak Mandarin, motivation to study Mandarin, and the challenges characteristic of Mandarin as a language. Recommendations for improvement of practice were given in terms of immersion context creation, opportunity to learn support, Confucius Institute facilities and exchange programmes for study abroad, lecturer and tutor improvement, and the establishment of an incentive to learn mechanism in South Africa.
Designing for military pararescue: Naturalistic decision‐making perspective, methods, and frameworks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Naturalistic decision‐making ( NDM ) research offers important guidance for designing information technology to be used by people who conduct extreme activities in extreme environments, such as military special operators. Recent advances in technology make it possible to deploy information technology in extreme environments (e.g., desert, arctic, high altitude, underwater) to support people who engage in complex and dangerous activities. This practitioner case integrates and operationalizes relevant NDM research including an NDM perspective, methods (cognitive task analysis, staged world exercise, and functional analysis), and frameworks (macrocognition, L aws that G overn C ognitive W ork in A ction, and C ognitive P erformance I ndicators) to inform design and identify the potential pitfalls associated with introducing information technology into extreme environments. A project conducted with the U nited S tates A ir F orce pararescue jumpers illustrates the complexity and relevance of NDM research in this challenging design space. Pararescue jumpers are military personnel who specialize in recovering personnel and administering life‐saving medical treatment in a wide variety of operational environments. Practitioner points Recent technological advances make it possible to introduce information technology into domains requiring extreme activities in extreme environments. Naturalistic decision‐making research offers perspective, methods, and frameworks relevant to designing for extreme activities in extreme environments. Naturalistic decision‐making research provides guidance for anticipating potential pitfalls in introducing information technology.
ENZYME ASSAY OF PERORAL BIOPSIES: STORAGE CONDITIONS AND BASIS OF EXPRESSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Enzymatic assay of human intestinal mucosa for carbohydrate-splitting enzymes (disaccharidases) has become increasingly popular in recent years,1-5 and the ease and safety with which peroral biopsies can be obtained indicates that such tissue will be used more extensively for biochemical studies in the future. For convenience, the small biopsy (3 to 20 mg) is usually stored for varying periods of time prior to the determination of enzyme activities,2, 4, 5 and it is believed that neither freezing and thawing per se2 nor storage at -25 C for 2 weeks5 affects these activities, whether expressed on a weight57 or a protein2, 4 basis. However, in our laboratory biopsy tissue frozen for only 1 week often appeared dried and shrunken, and it seemed that it might be invalid to use wet weight as a basis of expression of activity. Our study was designed to evaluate this.
Using a Tree Diagram to Interpret a Mixed DNA Profile

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A recent case is described where the evidence of bloodstaining on a knife suggested that it was a mixture from the two victims. Interpretation of the evidence in this problem necessitated the formulation of several sets of multiple hypotheses which were analyzed by means of a tree diagram. The problem was then greatly simplified to one of comparing the two alternative hypotheses of most interest. It was found that results were robust to variation in the expert's judgment regarding the possibility that a mixture of blood was present on the knife.
The Influence of CSR on Airline Loyalty through the Mediations of Passenger Satisfaction, Airline Brand, and Airline Trust: Korean Market Focused

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a significant factor in determining business sustainability. This trend is particularly evident in the airline industry, as airlines endeavor to navigate highly competitive market circumstances. CSR activities constitute a significant duty as one of the survival strategies and to sustain their business based on the customer loyalty in the airline industry in Korea. The purpose of this research was to explore the influence of CSR on airline loyalty through meaningful mediators within the airline industry in order to elicit important insights and provide relevant conclusions for airline experts to apply toward business sustainability. This study employed three factors—passenger satisfaction, airline brand, and airline trust—as key mediators between CSR and airline loyalty. An online survey was carried out through private SNS channels targeting airline service users, and 312 completed surveys were collected. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) enabled the study to determine that CSR activities among airlines significantly impact passenger satisfaction, airline brand, and airline trust. Moreover, passenger satisfaction and airline trust have a notable influence on airline loyalty. Limitations and implications for both academia and management are also presented based on the results of this research.
Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based Resource Management in Software-Defined and Virtualized Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted great interests from both industry and academia. The developments of VANETs are heavily influenced by information and communications technologies, which have fueled a plethora of innovations in various areas, including networking, caching and computing. Nevertheless, these important enabling technologies have traditionally been studied separately in the existing works on vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework that can enable dynamic orchestration of networking, caching and computing resources to improve the performance of next generation vehicular networks. We formulate the resource allocation strategy in this framework as a joint optimization problem, where the gains of not only networking but also caching and computing are taken into consideration in the proposed framework. The complexity of the system is very high when we jointly consider these three technologies. Therefore, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning approach in this paper. Simulation results with different system parameters are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A SIMPLE AND ACCURATE CALIBRATION METHOD FOR 3D FREEHAND ULTRASOUND

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

⎯ The accurate calibration of ultrasound transducers is essential for the recording of 3D-datasets with conventional 2D ultrasound systems. For the calibration, a phantom with a known geometry is scanned, and the content of the images is analyzed. We present a calibration phantom which combines simple construction with high calibration accuracy and moderate calibration time. The phantom consists of a sphere which is scanned from different views. The ultrasound images are semi-automatically processed to determine center and radius of the imaged circles. These measures are used to calculate the calibration matrix. The deviation of these matrices for 10 repetitions of the calibration is 0.66 mm, indicating a high accuracy of the method. Keywords⎯ 3D, freehand, ultrasound, transducer, calibration
Comparative Analysis between Immunochemotherapy and Target Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Overview of Treatment-Related Adverse Events and the Dropout Rate in Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of this study are indicative of a comparable treatment-related toxicity profile of sunitinib and greater adherence to the treatment protocol in comparison with immunochemotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Mechanization of milk production in the rotary milking parlor with loose cubicle technology for cow keeping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The research was carried out in “Udmurtia” agricultural produc-tion co-operative (collective farm) of the Vavozhsky district of the Udmurt Republic". A complex for keeping 1200 cows with loose cubicle technolo-gy for cow keeping with milking in the milking parlor using the rotary milking equipment was built on the farm for the first time in the Udmurt Republic. In the course of the study, technological operations during keep-ing, feeding, milking cows at the rotary milking unit were studied; the tim-ing of the cow milking process and the sequence of operations were carried out. Based on the research results, specific recommendations were given to the farm.
How the Dutch deal with demographic decline

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the past few years, there has been much attention paid to demographic decline in the Netherlands. Initially, the shrinkage of an area’s population was considered as a marginal phenomenon in the peripheral regions, such as Limburg, Groningen and Zeeland. However, now, it is recognized as an omnipresent phenomenon. According to the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, up to 2030 a quarter of the Dutch municipalities will experience a population decline of more than 2.5% (PBL 2014). Furthermore, this decline will not remain limited to areas on the edges of the Netherlands. For example, villages within the Randstad conurbation are already having to deal with that now. There is also a demographic decline in the large cities such as Rotterdam and Almere. Here, we usually see that one district is growing at the expense of another.
Simulation Study of Sand Removal Device for Geothermal Well Recharge Water

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Geothermal well recharge water is a study to protect the environment and conserve resources, while recharge water containing sand will produce clogging, the experiment is conducted by simulating the separation efficiency with different precision and time, combining the three-stage treatment process of sand removal-coarse filtration-fine filtration based on a metal wire mesh cartridge, and applying the Reynolds turbulence model of the algebraic stress model, the control equation of the flow of the airflow (k-ε) model and Reynolds stress model are considered together. The conclusion drawn from the combined considerations is that the filter media used is a wire mesh filter media, and the wellhead sand can be completely removed by three-stage filtration.
Development and validation of GT3X accelerometer cut-off points in 5- to 9-year-old children based on indirect calorimetry measurements

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The ActiGraph accelerometer is commonly used to measure physical activity in children. Count cut-off points are needed when using accelerometer data to determine the time a person spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity. For the GT3X accelerometer no cut-off points for young children have been published yet. The aim of the current study was thus to develop and validate count cut-off points for young children.
Thirty-two children aged 5 to 9 years performed four locomotor and four play activities. Activity classification into the light-, moderate- or vigorous-intensity category was based on energy expenditure measurements with indirect calorimetry. Vertical axis as well as vector magnitude cut-off points were determined through receiver operating characteristic curve analyses with the data of two thirds of the study group and validated with the data of the remaining third.
The vertical axis cut-off points were 133 counts per 5 sec for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), 193 counts for vigorous activity (VPA) corresponding to a metabolic threshold of 5 MET and 233 for VPA corresponding to 6 MET. The vector magnitude cut-off points were 246 counts per 5 sec for MVPA, 316 counts for VPA - 5 MET and 381 counts for VPA - 6 MET. When validated, the current cut-off points generally showed high recognition rates for each category, high sensitivity and specificity values and moderate
agreement in terms of the Kappa statistic. These results were similar for vertical axis and vector magnitude cut-off points. The current cut-off points adequately reflect MVPA and VPA in young children. Cut-off points based on vector magnitude counts did not appear to reflect the intensity categories better than cut-off points based on vertical axis counts alone.
Improved therapeutic effect of electro chemotherapy with cisplatin by intratumoral drug administration and changing of electrode orientation for electropermeabilization on EAT tumor model in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antitumor effectiveness of cisplatin can be improved either by intratumoral administration of the agent or by increased drug delivery into the cells by exposing the tumor to short intense electric pulses. Electric pulses increase plasma membrane permeability (electropermeabilization) of tumor cells and thus allow the chemotherapeutic agent intracellular access. This combined use of electric pulses and chemotherapy is termed electrochemotherapy. Also, we recently demonstrated that efficacy of electrochemotherapy can be improved by changing of electrode orientation for electropermeabili­ zation. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to determine whether intratumoral cisplatin administration and changing of electrode orientation for electropermeabilization can improve therapeutic effect of electrochemotherapy. For this purpose electrochemotherapy with intratumoral versus intravenous cisplatin administration and electrochemotherapy with train of 8 electric pulses versus two trains of 4 pulses, given perpendicularly to each other (4 + 4 pulses), were tested on EAT subcutaneous tumors in mice. Electrochemotherapy with intratumoral cisplatin administration was more effective than electro chemotherapy with intravenous cisplatin administration. In addition, antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with intratumoral cisplatin administration was improv­ ed with changing of electrode orientation (4 + 4 pulses), since with this treatment 18 % of mice were cured in contrast to other treatment combinations tested, where only some partial responses were
Home-range of Wild Boar, Sus scrofa Living in the Jirisan National Park, Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 멧돼지의 행동권과 핵심 지역의 면적을 분석하는 것으로서, 이를 위해 지리산국립공원 내에서 5개체(암 3, 수2)를 포획하여 귀에 원격 무선 추적용 소형 발신기를 부착하였다. 이 중 위치 자료가 충분히 수집되지 못한 암컷 l개체를 제외한 4개체의 행동권을 분석한 결과 평균 $5.13km^2$ (95% kernel)이었으며, 활동의 핵심지역 면적은 $1.18{\pm}0.31km^2$ (50% kernel)로 계산되었다. 암컷 2개체의 행동권(95% kernel)은 각각 $6.21km^2$와 $5.45km^2$이었으며, 수컷 2개체의 행동권은 각각 $5.15km^2$와 $3.72km^2$로 계산되었다. 암컷의 행동권이 수컷에 비해 넓게 나타난 이유는 추적된 수컷 2개체 모두 체중이 40 kg와 19kg의 미성숙 단계에서 포획되어 연구가 시작되었기 때문으로 판단된다. The objectives of this paper are to estimate home range and core habitat area of wild bores in Jirisan National Park of Korea. A radio-telemetry study was carried out on 5 wild boar individuals (3 females and 2 males). Except one individual whose enough data could not be collected, the mean home range size of 4 individuals was $5.13km^2$ (95% kernel) and mean core habitat area was $1.18{\pm}0.31km^2$ (50% kernel). Home-range sizes of 2 females were $6.21km^2\;and\;5.45km^2$ each, and that of 2 males were $5.15km^2\;and\;3.72km^2$ each, which means home-ranges of female boars were larger than those of male boars in this research. This result is presumed to have been caused by the fact that the males were sub adult individuals weighing 40 kg and 19 kg when they were captured for this research.
Effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets for malaria elimination in Laos (2016-2023)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Malaria remains a significant health challenge in Laos, particularly in the southern provinces with dense forests and mobile populations. Despite progress in reducing cases, socio-environmental factors drive its persistence. Materials and Methods. Using data from 2016 to 2023, trends were analysed with P-trend analysis, and effects of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and climate on malaria incidence were assessed via Poisson regression. Results. During this period, malaria incidence decreased by 95.5%, underscoring the success of elimination strategies. LLIN distribution led to a 54.1% reduction in incidence (IRR=0.459; p 0.002). Climate factors did not significantly influence transmission rates (IRR=0.67; p 0.717). Conclusions. The critical role of LLINs in reducing malaria incidence is evident. To support the national elimination goal for 2030, interventions must maintain consistent coverage and community engagement. Future research should focus on localised climatic data and address specific challenges in regions like Khammouane Province, enhancing the effectiveness of malaria control programmes and improving intervention strategies.
Five Factor Model Personality Profiles of University of North Dakota Unmanned Aircraft Systems Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Efforts to quantify personality characteristics in the pilots of manned aircraft extend back for decades. For individuals interested in piloting Unmanned Aircraft, similar analysis of normative personality characteristics remains relatively unexplored. This research examined the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality profiles of individuals pursuing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) studies at the University of North Dakota (UND). Using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) general personality index, the responses of a UAS Student sample (n=65) were compared to a Normative sample (n=248) previously collected by Petros (2013). The sample group, comprised of students with either Pre UAS Operations or UAS Operations declared as a first or second major, scored significantly lower in neuroticism (N) (p
Bias-Based Cyberaggression Related To Origin, Religion, Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Weight: Systematic Review of Young People’s Experiences, Risk and Protective Factors, and the Consequences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bias-based cyberaggression—hateful and bias-based content and interactions via information and communication technologies—is a frequent experience for young internet users that can result in detrimental consequences for both individuals and society. Ample research has focused on the factors related to involvement in bias-based cyberaggression. This study systematically reviews the research published in the past decade about the investigations into exposure, vicarious and direct victimization, and aggression among young people (up to age 30). We aimed to provide a complex summarization of the research findings about the risk and protective factors and the consequences of experiences with bias-based cyberaggression—specifically the diverse manifestations of bias-based cyberaggression targeted toward ethnicity, race, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, gender, weight, and disability. Three academic databases (EBSCO, Scopus, and WoS) were searched and 41 articles were included in the review. The results show a dominant research focus on bias-based cyberaggression victimization and on the bias-based cyberaggression that targets ethnicity, race, nationality, and religion, leaving a gap in the knowledge about the different types of targeted group categories and bias-based cyberaggression perpetration. The identified risk factors for bias-based cyberaggression involvement included being a minority, low psychological well-being, other victimization experiences, higher internet use, and risky internet use. An overlap was found for bias-based cyberaggression involvement with other offline and online victimization experiences. This review showed limited knowledge about protective factors, namely the social-level and contextual factors. The identified factors, as well as the gaps in the knowledge, are discussed in relation to research implications and practice and policy implications.