jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
100 Years LONZA – From a Product to a Market-Driven Enterprise

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent decades, Lonza has transformed itself from a seller of 'what the plant made' to a producer of 'what the market wants', whatever the product, within the scope of our capabilities. This means that in addition to a constantly evolving list product gange Lonza now nurtures a corporate culture based on intimate relations with customer companies, which are often themselves industry leaders. This is particularly true in the life science industry where Lonza offers a combination of classical organic synthesis and biotechnology for the exclusive development and manufacture of advanced intermediates and active ingredients on a true partnership basis.
Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Associated with Teenage Pregnancy in three Maternity Hospitals in Asmara, Jan 01 – DEC 31, 2018

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : The highest rate of teenage pregnancy in the world is in sub Saharan Africa. Thus, out of the twenty countries with the highest rate of teen marriage, Eritrea ranked fourteenth. This aim of this study was to assess adverse outcomes associated with teenage pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was followed for 424 nulliparous pregnant women between the age of 14 and 24 years. The maternity clinical record was used to review data on maternal spontaneous abortions, preterm birth, method of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration, baby weight, Apgar score at 5 minute and congenital anomalies were taken as our variables of interest. Moreover, face-to-face interview was conducted to enlighten the socio demographic characteristics, circumcision status of the mother and antenatal care visits during their last pregnancy. Descriptive and inferential data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression were also used. Results: The socio demographic characteristic of the study shows that the educational status of teenage mother was low compared to adult mothers; in addition unmarried teenage mothers were high compared to adult mothers. In this study teenage mothers had significantly higher anemia, preterm delivery, Post partum hemorrhage and low birth weight babies as compared to the adult mothers. Also the study revealed that compared to adult mothers, teenage mothers had significantly higher abnormal delivery mode with low Apgar score among teenage mothers. Conclusions : In this study adolescent pregnancy was found to be associated with increased outcomes of anemia, preterm birth, low birth weight, abnormal delivery and post-partum hemorrhage. Even though preeclampsia and Apgar score were not significantly different between adolescents and adult mothers this should not be ignored and just bypass it not as adverse outcomes of teenage.
The effectiveness of Total Physical Response (TPR) method in teaching preposition of place to young learners: A quasi-experimental study in the fifth grade students of MI Ketib Sumedang

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Teaching English for children should be interesting, enjoyable and understandable. So, teachers should choose appropriate method for teaching English to them. Total Physical Response is one of the alternative methods that can be applied to the young learners classroom. This method introduce some components in an action in which a teacher serve as model and students as performers in teaching learning process. This research was conducted at the fifth grade at MI Ketib Sumedang. This research is intended to identify how is students’ mastery of preposition of place using Total Physical Response (TPR) method, to identify how is students’ mastery on preposition of place without using using Total Physical Response (TPR) method, and to identify how significant the difference between students’ mastery on preposition of place in using TPR method and without using it.

The method uses a quasi-experimental method, especially quasi-experimental method by using non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The students were divided into two groups: experimental group that taught using TPR method and control group that were taugth without using TPR method. To get the data, the study used pre-test and post-test. The tests aimed to know the effectiveness of TPR method in teaching preposition of place to young learners. The data was analyzed by using statistical calculation.

The findings of study can be seen from of both experimental and control group. The mean in experimental group before being the treatment (pre-test) is 62.80 and after being the treatment (post-test) is 77.14. While in the control group the mean of pre-test is 61.68 and mean score of post-test is 68.16. The counting of t-test had the data t count = 2.543 > t table 2.004. it can be said that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. It means that, there is significant difference between teaching preposition of place using TPR and teaching preposition of place without using TPR method. In other words, teaching preposition of place using Total Physical Response (TPR) method is more effective than without using it.
Fabrication of micro- and nano-particles of drug (I) for pharmaceutical application

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many drugs are of very poor water solubility, so they tend to be eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract before they could be absorbed into the blood circulation, resulting in low bioavailability and poor dose proportionality. This project aims to improve the solubility of a poorly water-soluble drug known as Quercetin, making micro- and nano-particles (including drug-loaded polymer nano-particles) of it using the evaporative precipitation of nano-suspensions method. Fabrication of the drug particles will be controlled and optimized, and their physicochemical properties will be investigated. For this project, the author has looked into how the choices of solvents and anti-solvents, the concentration of the drug, the solvent to anti-solvent ratio and the presence of the polymer known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), will enhance the kinetic solubility and bioavailability of the drug. Characterization of the produced drug were done using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Dissolution Test and the Ultra-Violet Spectrophotometer.
Using intrinsic‐resonance of an interdigitated microwave capacitor for detecting glyphosate‐based herbicide in water

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Glyphosate‐based herbicides are the most used worldwide despite the fact that studies have shown their possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. Since the residues of these herbicides reach water bodies, their detection is considered an emergent research topic. In this work, the use of the intrinsic resonance of a microwave interdigitated capacitor fabricated on microstrip technology, is proposed for detecting the presence of glyphosate‐based herbicide in water. In addition, a sample holder is proposed to avoid the possible oxidation of the metal electrodes due to the direct contact with liquids. The proposed structure was designed to present its first intrinsic resonance at 1.95 GHz so that this resonance is shifted to 1.58 GHz when pure deionized water is used as sample. The sensor device was tested against 18 mixtures prepared with concentrations between 0% and 100% v/v of herbicide diluted in deionized water. Experimental measurements confirm that by using the intrinsic resonance parameters of the proposed structure, is possible to detect the presence of a glyphosate‐based herbicide. Finally, the results confirm the potential of the proposal as an alternative for real‐time, label‐free, and sensitive detection of glyphosate in water and they open the possibility of exploiting its use for the detection of other contaminants.
Tb3+‐Doped Ca3Ga4O9 Phosphors with Color‐Tunable Photoluminescence and Non‐Pre‐Irradiation Mechanoluminescence for Multimodal Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Materials that can emit light under optical/mechanical stimulation are usually called photoluminescent/mechanoluminescent (PL/ML) materials. PL materials are used in diverse fields for half a century. While, ML materials have burst out in the last two decades, and now are showing great application potential in the fields of anti‐counterfeiting, information storage, and stress imaging. It is of great significance to explore new luminescent materials with PL and ML dual response. In this study, Tb 3+ ‐doped Ca 3 Ga 4 O 9 phosphors with color‐tunable PL and non‐pre‐irradiation ML properties are reported. Ca 3 Ga 4 O 9 exhibits a broadband blue emission centering at 425 nm, which originates from the 4 T 2 ‐ 4 A 2 transition of electrons in d orbits of Ga 3+ . Due to the energy transfer from host to Tb 3+ , color‐tunable emission from blue to cyan, and ultimately to green can be realized by increasing the concentration of Tb 3+ . Particularly, ML is seen from Ca 3 Ga 4 O 9 :Tb 3+ under grinding and from the Ca 3 Ga 4 O 9 :Tb 3+ /PDMS film under bending or stretching originated from the triboelectric mechanism. The non‐pre‐irradiation ML behavior is evidenced by the contrast thermoluminescence (TL) experiments. This study not only provides a new candidate toward multi‐purpose luminescent applications, but also demonstrates a good case in which the triboelectric effect can efficiently trigger the non‐pre‐irradiation ML behavior.
Binomial Confidence Intervals and Contingency Tests: Mathematical Fundamentals and the Evaluation of Alternative Methods

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many statistical methods rely on an underlying mathematical model of probability based on a simple approximation, one that is simultaneously well-known and yet frequently misunderstood. The Normal approximation to the Binomial distribution underpins a range of statistical tests and methods, including the calculation of accurate confidence intervals, performing goodness of fit and contingency tests, line- and model-fitting, and computational methods based upon these. A common mistake is in assuming that, since the probable distribution of error about the "true value" in the population is approximately Normally distributed, the same can be said for the error about an observation. This paper is divided into two parts: fundamentals and evaluation. First, we examine the estimation of confidence intervals using three initial approaches: the "Wald" (Normal) interval, the Wilson score interval and the "exact" Clopper-Pearson Binomial interval. Whereas the first two can be calculated directly from formulae, the Binomial interval must be approximated towards by computational search, and is computationally expensive. However this interval provides the most precise significance test, and therefore will form the baseline for our later evaluations. We also consider two further refinements: employing log-likelihood in intervals (also requiring search) and the effect of adding a continuity correction. Second, we evaluate each approach in three test paradigms. These are the single proportion interval or 2 × 1 goodness of fit test, and two variations on the common 2 × 2 contingency test. We evaluate the performance of each approach by a "practitioner strategy". Since standard advice is to fall back to "exact" Binomial tests in conditions when approximations are expected to fail, we report the proportion of instances where one test obtains a significant result when the equivalent exact test does not, and vice versa, across an exhaustive set of possible values. We demonstrate that optimal methods are based on continuity-corrected versions of the Wilson interval or Yates' test, and that commonly-held beliefs about weaknesses of tests are misleading. Log-likelihood, often proposed as an improvement on , performs disappointingly. Finally we note that at this level of precision we may distinguish two types of 2 2 test according to whether the independent variable partitions data into independent populations, and we make practical recommendations for their use.
Balcony Effect on Thermal Performance of the Building and Its Climate Assessment in Local Houses in Mazandaran Province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Utilization of natural ventilation in buildings has a long history. Architecture has been trying to response to weather conditions all the time. Wind catcher, mashrabiya, portico and iwan are some examples of climate designs in vernacular architecture which have shown the importance of natural ventilation since a long time ago. The efficiency scope of natural ventilation when used with other cooling techniques will be more widespread. Today, designing desirable buildings using natural ventilation requires knowing theoretical foundations and a detailed study based on new knowledge regarding the feasibility of the use of components design and equipment related to natural ventilation. The present research aims to offer architects some design solutions in order to take advantage of natural ventilation in buildings using the vernacular architecture. Through matching features of functional spaces in local houses with climatic characteristics of regions around the Caspian sea (Mazandaran province) and determining the pattern used in these spaces in housing areas, the present study seeks to answer this question: “Are types of local houses in regions with moderate and humid climate in Iran (Mazandaran) consistent with regional climate in terms of patterns applied in internal functional spaces? How do regional climate features affect physical form of houses?” The results show that there is a direct and consistent relationship between vernacular architectural features of Mazandaran province and climate classification and regional climate. It also enhances home comfort in summer and finally, it can be concluded that local houses are built based on the climate classification and environment context, and natural ventilation is the most important factor affecting the conditions which improve environmental comfort. The present research provides some guidelines for the architectural design of residential buildings in regions with moderate and humid climate with the aim of achieving maximum level of natural ventilation. Also, in order to exploit the potential of natural ventilation, the results of the research will help architect select optimal designing parameters in harmony with the regional climate.
The Falkland Islands crisis of 1770; Use of naval force

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Falkland Islands crisis of 1770; Use of naval force Get access NICHOLAS TRACY NICHOLAS TRACY Port MaitlandNova Scotia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XC, Issue CCCLIV, January 1975, Pages 40–75, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XC.CCCLIV.40 Published: 01 January 1975
Development/Plasticity/Repair Asymmetric Distribution of Prickle-Like 2 Reveals an Early Underlying Polarization of Vestibular Sensory Epithelia in the Inner Ear

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Vestibular hair cells have a distinct planar cell polarity (PCP)manifest in themorphology of their stereocilia bundles and the asymmetric localization of their kinocilia. In the utricle and saccule the hair cells are arranged in an orderly array about an abrupt line of reversal that separates fields of cells with opposite polarity. We report that the putative PCP protein Prickle-like 2 (Pk2) is distributed in crescents on themedial sides of vestibular epithelial cells before themorphological polarization of hair cells. Despite the presence of a line of polarity reversal, crescent position is not altered between hair cells of opposite polarity. Frizzled 6 (Fz6), a second PCP protein, is distributed opposite Pk2 along the lateral side of vestibular support cells. Similar to Pk2, the subcellular localization of Fz6 does not differ between cells located on opposite sides of the line of reversal. In addition, in Looptail/Van Gogh-like2mutantmice Pk2 is distributed asymmetri-cally at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), but this localization is not coordinatedbetween adjacent cells, and the crescents subsequently are lost by E18.5. Together, these results support the idea that a conserved PCP complex acts before stereocilia bundle development to provide an underlying polarity to all cells in the vestibular epithelia and that cells on either side of the line of reversal are programmed to direct the kinocilium in opposite directions with respect to the polarity axis defined by PCP protein distribution. Key words: planar cell polarity; Prickle; hair cell; vestibular; Looptail; line of reversal
Factors Affecting Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children with Special Needs In Kelantan- The Malaysian Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is a direct measurement of human population health, life expectancy, causes of death and focused on the impact of health status on quality of life. It covers the domain related to physical, mental, emotional and social functioning. Method: Current study aimed to determine the factors may affecting Health-Related Quality of Life of childrens with special needs age eight to 18 years old in Kelantan, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study involved 130 parents or caregiver of special need childrens. Demographic information was obtained using proforma sheet, the HRQOL were assessed using Paediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL TM ) inventory version 4.0 generic score and Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Second Edition (CTONI-2) was used to assess special need childrens intelligence. Data analysis involved One-way between group Analysis of Variance, Pearson Product-Momment Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. Result: There was significance difference on children’s HRQOL among parents educational background ( p <0.05) where the post-hoc Tukey’s with HSD shows a significant difference at p =0.02 between the group of parents who never went to school and parents undergoes primary school. Pearson Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between special needs children IQ score (r = 0.314; p <0.001) and family monthly income (r = 0.218; p = 0.013) have positive correlation on HRQOL. Multiple linear regression analysis (Adjusted R square =.200) showing 20% change of variance in HRQOL can be explained by IQ score and parents’ educational background. Conclusion: To summarize, the HRQOL of childrens with special need was found to be associated with IQ score and parents educational background. Special need childrens with low IQ and poor parents education background have lower levels of HRQOL in comparison with parents who are well educated.
[Detection of ovulation by changes in the color in the cervical mucus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical mucus was aspirated daily in 11 adult Macaca fasicularis monkeys and in 70 women of reproductive age. Mucus was spread on a slide and dried at mild heat to observe crystallization. Another slide dried in the same way was heated in the flame of an alcohol lamp. The resulting colors ranged from dark brown to clear. Brown appeared immediately after menstruation becoming clearer as the cycle progressed until 1 day in mid-cycle was characterized by clear mucus. Mucus thereafter became brown again. These color stages corresponded to stages of crystallization. Results of laparotomy examination of ova and LH radioimmunoassay in macacas and of vaginal cytology basal temperature endometrial biopsy and radioimmunoassay of LH estradiol and progesterone in women suggest that ovulation occurs when the heated mucus has the lightest (clear) color.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Different Regions of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Are Required for Enhancement of bZip-Mediated Transactivation versus Transrepression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The hepatitis B virus X protein (pX) interacts directly with the bZip transactivator CREB and the bZip repressors ICERIIγ and ATF3, increasing their DNA-binding affinity in vitro and their transcriptional efficacy in vivo. However, the mechanism of bZip-pX interaction and of the pX-mediated increase in the bZip transcriptional efficacy remains to be understood. In this study with deletion mutants of pX, we delineated a 67-amino-acid region spanning residues 49 to 115 required for direct CREB, ATF3, and ICER IIγ interaction in vitro and in vivo and increased bZip/CRE binding in vitro. Transient transfections of the pX deletion mutants in AML12 hepatocytes demonstrate that pX 49–115 is as effective as the full-length pX in enhancing the ATF3- and ICERIIγ-mediated transrepression. However, this pX region is inactive in increasing the transactivation efficacy of CREB; additional amino acid residues present in pX 49–140 are required to mediate the increased transactivation efficacy of CREB in vivo. This requirement for different regions of pX in affecting CREB transactivation suggests that amino acid residues 115 to 140 integrate additional events in effecting pX-mediated transactivation, such as concomitant interactions with select components of the basal transcriptional apparatus.
Spectral sensitivity measurements reveal partial success in restoring missing rod function with gene therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restored rod visual function after gene therapy can be established unequivocally by demonstrating that, after dark adaptation, spectral sensitivity has the shape characteristic of rods and that this shape collapses to a cone-like shape before rods have recovered after an intense bleach. We used these tests to assess retinal function in eight young adults and children with early-onset severe retinal dystrophy from Phase II of a clinical gene-therapy trial for RPE65 deficiency that involved the subretinal delivery of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector carrying RPE65. We found substantial improvements in rod sensitivity in two participants: dark-adapted spectral sensitivity was rod-like after treatment and was cone-like before rods had recovered after a bleach. After 40 min of dark adaptation, one participant showed up to 1,000-fold sensitivity improvements 4 months after treatment and the second up to 100-fold improvements 6 months after treatment. The dark-adapted spectral sensitivities of the other six participants remained cone-like and showed little improvement in sensitivity.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT MECHANISMS FOR SULPHATE AND IODIDE IN IMMATURE CHOROID PLEXUS*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract— The time‐course of development of sulphate and iodide transport mechanisms in choroid plexus was studied by measuring uptake of [ 35 S]sulphate and [ 125 I]iodide from an incubating medium by isolated choroid plexuses of foetal and newborn rabbits and cats. Sulphate uptake by choroid plexus was poorly developed in rabbit foetuses just before term, but highly developed in newborn animals. Iodide uptake was already well developed in the most immature foetuses studied.