jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dual Spillover Correction for SPECT Myocardial Blood Flow Measurement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurement is possible using stationary cardiac SPECT cameras. Limited spatial resolution and blood vessels in the myocardium produce mixing of the blood and myocardial time-activity curves used for kinetic analysis. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of correction for both spillover into the myocardium from blood and into the blood from myocardium on the accuracy of SPECT MBF estimation. Images from 31 patients who had dynamic one-day rest-stress myocardial SPECT studies using 99m Tc-tetrofosmin were retrospectively processed both with attenuation correction (AC) and without (NC), and using a single spillover correction (SSO = blood to myocardium) and a dual spillover correction (DSO). Kl values from kinetic analysis with a 1-tissue compartment model were fit to a Renkin-Crone extraction fraction model (EF=1-exp(-α-β/MBF)) using 50 repeats of 2-fold cross validation to determine the method-specific K1-to-MBFconversion function. True MBF was measured using the clinical standard of PET imaging, with either 82 Rb or 13 N-ammonia, in the same patients. The model fit of SPECT K1 to PET MBF was not improved with dual spillover correction. With SSO, the Renkin-Crone model parameters were α=0.140, β =0.282 (AC, R 2 =0.71) and α = 0.187, β = 0.400 (NC, R 2 =0.75). With DSO, the parameters were α = 0.110, β = 0.265 (AC, R2=0.63) and α = 0.161, β = 0.352 (NC, R 2 =0.67). The limits of greement for the global relative MBF difference (SPECT - PET MBF/mean) were similar for DSO and SSO, both with AC ([-0.74 - 0.77] vs [-0.62- 0.64]) and without ([-0.67 - 0.71] vs [-.55 - 0.59]). Dual spillover correction alters the K1-to-MBF conversion function but does not improve the accuracy or precision of SPECT MBF measurements.
New Paradigms of Mass‐Action Law Based Bio‐Dynamics and Pharmacodynamics for New Drug Evaluations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Mass‐action law (MAL) based Median‐effect eq. (and its Combination‐index eq.) is the unified general biodynamics (BD) theory for biochemistry and biophysics (Chou TC, Pharmacol. Rev. 58: 621–681, 2006; Integr. Biol. 3: 548–559, 2011). Its eqs & algorithms provide efficient, quantitative, econo‐green, digital, automated computer simulations for bio‐medical research & development (R&D). This paper is to illustrate the fundamental principle of how the theory was derived during the 1967–1984 period, and how this theory, to date has been cited 27,594 times in >1,500 biomedical journals worldwide (Google Scholar Citations – Ting‐Chao Chou; Web of Science: www.researcherid.com/rid/B‐4111‐2009 ). One theoretical article alone, Chou TC & Talalay P, (Adv. Enz. Regul. 22: 27–55, 1984) has been cited 5,422 times in 1,102 journals, which is referred as “Makes History” [Elsevier News Release 3/16/2016]. The derived/proven theory reveals the following new basic paradigms: 1. “ Dose” and “Effect” are interchangeable . 2. All dose‐effect curves (DEC) of MAL can be transformed into straight lines . 3. The theoretical minimum of only 2‐data points are required to simulate a DEC [and the practical minimum of 16, 10, and 10 data points for a DEC by computer simulation in vitro, animals and clinical trials, respectively]. This is the theoretical basis for simple, efficient, quantitative “econo‐green” bio‐R&D and regulations. 4. Explicit digital definition of “Synergism” of drug combination is established [in which “Synergism‐Claim” has scientific, regulatory, legal, ethical and economic consequences]. 5. K i will never be greater than IC 50. 6. The median‐dose ( Dm ) is the harmonic mean of kinetic constants, K ii and K is . 7. The PD software, e.g., CompuSyn, allows 5 dynamic graphic transformations for diagnostic plots, illustrations automatically by computer simulation within 1 second after data entries. This theory/method has been cited 9,916 times during 2012 to 2017. The Scopus Analysis (11.18.2017) indicated that Chou's publications have been cited by the papers distributed in the follow disciplines: Medicine (56.2%), Biochem. (50.8%), Pharmacol. (25.3%), Chem. (15.6%), Immuno. (4.3%), Chemical Engineer. (3.5%), Mater. Sci. (2.1%), and Others (9.3%); and by number of citing papers from Institutions: Mem. Sloan‐Kettering CC (475), Harvard Med. Sch. (380), MD Anderson CC (325), NIH (305), NCI (251), Inserm (200), Chinese Aca. Sci. (155), UC‐SD (130) and Duke U. (127). The above indicate the broad utilities and high impact of the MAL based PD theory and applications. Support or Funding Information PD Science LLC Fund‐17 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Dualities of Deformed $\mathcal{N=2}$ SCFTs from Link Monodromy on D3-brane States

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study D3-brane theories that are dually described as deformations of two different $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal theories with massless monopoles and dyons. These arise at the self-intersection of a seven-brane in F-theory, which cuts out a link on a small three-sphere surrounding the self-intersection. The spectrum is studied by taking small loops in the three-sphere, yielding a link-induced monodromy action on string junction D3-brane states, and subsequently quotienting by the monodromy. This reduces the differing flavor algebras of the $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories to the same flavor algebra, as required by duality, and projects out charged states, yielding an $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal theory on the D3-brane. In one, a deformation of a rank one Argyres-Douglas theory retains its $SU(2)$ flavor symmetry and exhibits a charge neutral flavor triplet that is comprised of electron, dyon, and monopole string junctions. From duality we argue that the monodromy projection should also be imposed away from the conformal point, in which case the D3-brane field theory appears to exhibit confinement of electrons, dyons, and monopoles. We will address the mathematical counterparts in a companion paper.
New KF-PP-SVM classification method for EEG in brain-computer interfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classification methods are a crucial direction in the current study of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). To improve the classification accuracy for electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, a novel KF-PP-SVM (kernel fisher, posterior probability, and support vector machine) classification method is developed. Its detailed process entails the use of common spatial patterns to obtain features, based on which the within-class scatter is calculated. Then the scatter is added into the kernel function of a radial basis function to construct a new kernel function. This new kernel is integrated into the SVM to obtain a new classification model. Finally, the output of SVM is calculated based on posterior probability and the final recognition result is obtained. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed KF-PP-SVM method, EEG data collected from laboratory are processed with four different classification schemes (KF-PP-SVM, KF-SVM, PP-SVM, and SVM). The results showed that the overall average improvements arising from the use of the KF-PP-SVM scheme as opposed to KF-SVM, PP-SVM and SVM schemes are 2.49%, 5.83 % and 6.49 % respectively.
Examining Differential Coaching Behaviors in Positive Coaches: A Mixed-Methods Perspective Guided by the Expectation Performance Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine differences in perceptions of coach behaviors of athletes of varying performance abilities situated within a self-fulfilling prophecy. The mixed-methods approach allowed for a more holistic examination of softball athletes’ perspectives of head coaching behaviors. Division I softball athletes (n = 148) completed the CBAS-PBS providing perceptions of head coach (n =20) behavior. Coaches rated each athlete using the MERS providing a performance expectation score. Thirty-eight athletes provided supporting perspectives through individual interviews on perceptions of differential treatment based on expected performance level. Cluster analysis produced low, average, and high expectancy groups. MANOVA and DFA revealed two underlying functions that distinguished between groups. High expectancy athletes experienced less ‘detached’ coaching behaviors than low or average athletes. Qualitative findings supported teammates perceive lower rated athletes are treated differently.
A multicenter, open-label, phase I/II study in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with L-BLP25: 2-year survival and safety results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3047 Background: L-BLP25 (Stimuvax; BLP25 liposomal vaccine) is an innovative cancer vaccine that incorporates the immunoadjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A and a synthetic MUC1 lipopeptide in a liposomal delivery system. Previous studies have shown that L- BLP25 has the potential to extend the survival of patients (pts) with stage IIIB locoregional NSCLC (Butts C et al., J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6674- 81). The primary objective of this study was to assess the safety of the current formulation of L-BLP25 in pts with unresectable stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC with survival as a secondary objective. Methods: Pts with stable disease (SD) or an objective response to upfront chemoradiation received L-BLP25 + best supportive care. All pts were vaccinated according to a previously described schedule (Butts C et al., J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6674–81). Maintenance vaccinations were administered q6w until disease progression. Primary and secondary endpoints were safety and survival, respectively. Results: At September 17, 2007, 22 pts were evaluable for survival and toxicity. Of these, 1 had a complete response, 17 had a partial response and 4 had SD following chemoradiation. The 2-year survival rate was 64% (95% CI: 44–84) with a median follow-up of 2.2 years. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in all pts (16 considered L-BLP25-related). Most common (>10%) L-BLP25- related AEs besides injection site reactions were fatigue and nausea (all grade 1 or 2 except 1 case of grade 3 pneumonia). Eleven pts (50%) had an injection site reaction. Two pts discontinued L-BLP25 due to toxicity. As of September 2007, 9 pts remained on study treatment. Conclusions: The 2-year survival rate of 64% with maintenance L-BLP25 seen in this trial is similar to the 2-year survival rate recently observed in a phase IIb study of L-BLP25 in NSCLC (L-BLP25: 57%, control: 33%) (Butts C et al., J Thoracic Oncol 2007;2[Suppl. 4]:S332–33). It also compares favorably with previously reported survival for chemoradiation in stage III NSCLC. In addition, L-BLP25 was well tolerated with a similar safety profile to previous studies. A global phase III study is ongoing to further evaluate L-BLP25 in this pt population. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck Merck Biomira, Merck Merck
Transformation of electrical transport from variable range hopping to hard gap resistance in Zn1−xFexO1−v magnetic semiconductor films

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Transformation of the electrical transport from the Efros and Shklovskii [J. Phys. C 8, L49 (1975)] variable range hopping to the “hard gap” resistance was experimentally observed in a low temperature range as the Fe compositions in Zn1−xFexO1−v ferromagnetic semiconductor films increase. A universal form of the resistance versus temperature, i.e., ρ∝exp[TH∕T+(TES∕T)1∕2], was theoretically established to describe the experimental transport phenomena by taking into account the electron-electron Coulomb interaction, spin-spin exchange interaction, and hard gap energy. The spin polarization ratio, hard gap energy, and ratio of exchange interaction to Coulomb interaction were obtained by fitting the theoretical model to the experimental results. Moreover, the experimental magnetoresistance was also explained by the electrical transport model.
Methylome analysis identifies a Wilms tumor epigenetic biomarker detectable in blood

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy and there is a clinical need for a molecular biomarker to assess treatment response and predict relapse. The known mutated genes in this tumor type show low mutation frequencies, whereas aberrant methylation at 11p15 is by far the most common aberration. We therefore analyzed the epigenome, rather than the genome, to identify ubiquitous tumor-specific biomarkers. Methylome analysis of matched normal kidney and Wilms tumor identifies 309 preliminary methylation variable positions which we translate into three differentially methylated regions (DMR) for use as tumor-specific biomarkers. Using two novel algorithms we show that these three DMRs are not confounded by cell type composition. We further show that these DMRs are not methylated in embryonic blastema but are intermediately methylated in Wilms tumor precursor lesions. We validate the biomarker DMRs using two independent sample sets of normal kidney and Wilms tumor and seven Wilms tumor histological subtypes, achieving 100% and 98% correct classification, respectively. As proof-of-principle for clinical utility, we successfully use biomarker DMR-2 in a pilot analysis of cell-free circulating DNA to monitor tumor response during treatment in ten patients. These findings define the most common methylated regions in Wilms tumor known to date which are not associated with their embryonic origin or precursor stage. We show that this tumor-specific methylated DNA is released into the blood circulation where it can be detected non-invasively showing potential for clinical utility.
Remembering revolution : seditious memories in England and Wales, 1660-1685

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The mark which was left by the English Revolution remained visible well beyond the ‘watershed’ of 29 May 1660. This thesis attests to this fact by illustrating the degree to which memories of those events endured long into the post-revolutionary era of Charles II’s reign. However, rather than focusing, as hitherto all studies of this subject have done, on the memories of those who emerged ‘victorious’ in the 1660s, this thesis takes as its subject matter the ‘seditious’ memories of those who remained sympathetic to the ‘Cause’ of the 1640s and 1650s after the Restoration of 1660. By placing these seditious memories in the context of pervasive and persistent attacks on the revolution, this thesis demonstrates how the possession and articulation of these memories enabled revolutionaries to contest, resist and subvert experiences of authority which related to, and derived from, control over the meaning of the recent past. In doing so, it illustrates that a re-imagining of the revolution enabled revolutionaries, in turn, to re-imagine the present and the future as well. Through an engagement with evidence of oral culture, this thesis looks beyond the ‘conventional’ histories of the printed public sphere, and considers the memories of men and women whose voices often remain marginalised. In doing so, it offers a fresh understanding of later seventeenth-century England and Wales in which the importance of memory, identity and the complex relationship between these concepts is emphasised.
HPB SO44 - From Electives to Career-Changing: A Cross-Sectional Survey exploring the impact of International Medical Electives in Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background International medical graduates (IMGs) are crucial in addressing NHS workforce shortages, representing one-third of staff. Reliance on IMGs is likely to continue. Electives offer IMGs a valuable opportunity to overcome work culture and clinical skills challenges, difficult to address through PLAB tests alone. These experiences can aid in passing the exam. Entering a new culture and service can be daunting; electives help build confidence by increasing familiarity with the NHS and UK medical traditions. This survey was designed to gain insight into IME experiences, the educational value perceived by participants, and their influence on personal growth and career direction. Method A cross-sectional survey was sent to 26 IMGs who completed an IME rotation in the HPB department at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust since 2019. The survey included quantitative and qualitative questions to gather demographic details, insights into experiences, educational values gained, and career impact. Medical education and HPB surgery experts evaluated the survey for content validity and alignment with learning outcomes.Conducted via Google Forms®,recruitment emails were sent anonymously with weekly reminders for four weeks to ensure high response rates. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results 18 out of 26 participants (62.2%) responded. Ages ranged from 23-30, with 61.11% between 23-25 years. The gender split was 61.11% male and 38.89% female. Most (66.67%) were medical students during their elective, while 33.33% were Foundation Doctors. 72% of respondents are preparing for or have taken GMC registration exams, with 44% are already fully registered. The survey revealed overall positive responses, highlighting the welcoming and educational environment. However, participants suggested improving the induction program and providing a more defined daily schedule for elective students. These insights offer opportunities to enhance an already valuable program. Conclusion The study revealed a successful international medical elective program in the HPB department. Most respondents found the experience met their expectations, achieved learning objectives, and positively influenced their careers. All participants were satisfied and would recommend the elective, with 94% considering NHS careers. The program provided effective teaching, mentorship, and hands-on clinical experience for most participants. Many have begun or completed GMC registration, indicating lasting impact. This initiative is valuable in attracting and preparing IMGs for the NHS and should be replicated across the UK, with a structured program and ensuring necessary exposure and guidance.
[Comparative evaluation of the neuroprotective activity of phenibut and piracetam under experimental cerebral ischemia conditions in rats].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The neuroprotective properties of phenibut and piracetam were studied in rats with cerebral ischemia caused by bilateral irreversible simultaneous occlusion of carotid arteries and gravitational overload in craniocaudal vector. In addition, the effects of both drugs on microcirculation in brain cortex under ischemic injury conditions were studied. Phenibut and (to a lower extent) piracetam reduced a neuralgic deficiency, amnesia, and the degree of cerebral circulation drop, and improved the spontaneous movement and research activity deteriorated by brain ischemia.
ANALISIS PROSEDUR REKRUTMEN DALAM UPAYA PEMENUHAN TENAGA KERJA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Human Resources (HR) is an important component in the company for help in carrying out operational functions. To obtain qualified employees and have high competence, then in the initial stages, of a company should make the process of recruitment. The aim of this study is to determine the recruitment procedures by analyzing existing data in recruitment procedures and make comparisons with the theory so that it can determine the correct recruitment procedures.
Aortofemoral reconstruction for multilevel disease: a prospective hemodynamic study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and hemodynamic effects of aortofemoral Dacron reconstruction in patients with multilevel disease (i.e. aortoiliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease). Thirty nine patients underwent, apart from clinical evaluation, segmental plethysmography and Doppler pressures before operation, immediately after operation and again at 3 and 6 months. All patients improved by the reconstruction, but 12 (31%) continued to complain of disabling claudication during normal daily activities. The mean ankle pressure and thigh pressure index improved by 37.5%. This was accompanied by a decrease of peak flow time, an increase of peak flow and an improved recovery during reactive hyperemia. Furthermore an additional significant rise of the ankle pressure index was noted between 3 and 6 months. Continuing claudication was always associated with both initial and late hemodynamic failure (the criterium for hemodynamic success was defined as an increase of the ankle pressure index with more than 0.1). Hemodynamic success resulted unvariably in clinical success. However 4 patients were clinically symptomfree, although they had to be classified as hemodynamic failures. It is concluded that a significant number of patients fail to obtain complete relief after proximal reconstruction. Preoperative hemodynamic studies may provide additional information, but hemodynamic and clinical results do not always correlate with each other.
Papaverine-sensitive Vasospasm and Arterial Contractility and Compliance after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Dogs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study examined the relationship between papaverine-sensitive and -insensitive components of vasospasm, arterial contractility and compliance, and time after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in dogs. Eighteen dogs underwent angiography and then two intracisternal injections of blood. Angiography was repeated 4 (n = 5), 7 (n = 4), 10 (n = 4), or 14 (n = 5) days later. Papaverine, 100 to 200 mg, was infused into the basilar artery, and angiography was repeated. Four additional dogs had cerebral angiography only and served as controls. The basilar arteries were removed and studied pharmacologically. Significant vasospasm of the basilar artery was observed each time after SAH. Papaverine significantly reversed vasospasm at 4 and 7 days (88 +/- 6% and 63 +/- 11% of vasospasm reversed; analysis of variance, P < 0.05). The papaverine-insensitive component of vasospasm increased significantly with increasing time after SAH and with increasing severity of vasospasm. Arterial contractility and compliance decreased significantly with increasing time after SAH and were significantly related to the degree of papaverine-insensitive vasospasm but not to the severity of vasospasm. In conclusion, the majority of vasospasm early after SAH in dogs was caused by reversible vasoconstriction. The ability of papaverine to reverse vasospasm depended on the time after SAH and on the severity of vasospasm, a finding that may be important to the use of papaverine in humans. The pathological and biochemical basis for the association between papaverine-insensitive vasospasm and reduced arterial wall contractility and compliance remains to be determined.