jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Correlation Between Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis In Vivo Using Multicontrast Functional Imaging in a Calvarial Defect Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiogenesis is a key factor in bone healing that allows the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, inflammatory and bone precursor cells to the defect site. It induces dramatic structural and functional remodeling of the vasculature during the first 4 weeks of bone healing. Although recent advances in optical imaging have elucidated the in vivo relationship between angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a calvarial defect model, these efforts were mostly limited to structural imaging of the vasculature and bone. Therefore, to better characterize changes in vascular function (i.e. blood flow, oxygenation, etc.) during the bone healing cascade we developed a multicontrast optical imaging framework to assess in vivo changes in microvascular architecture using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging; changes in blood flow with laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging; and bone formation with bright‐field imaging at high spatial (5 µm) and temporal (200 ms) resolutions. With this system we acquired multicontrast images from 10 animals with calvarial defects every 2 days, over 4 weeks (Fig. 1a, d) . The bone and vasculature were then digitally segmented from the bright‐field and IOS images for quantitative analysis (Fig. 1b, c) . We also euthanized an animal each week for assessing 3D changes in bone volume and vascular architecture using an ex vivo, high‐resolution (10 µm) CT imaging workflow we recently developed called VascuViz (Fig. 2a, b, d) . Using this framework, we demonstrated that angiogenic remodeling within the bone defect microenvironment was most robust from post injury day (D) 4 to D10, during which blood vessel length, volume and density all showed significant increase (Fig. 2c) . The blood flow exhibited a sudden increase at D6 when angiogenesis started, and the angiogenic vessels were most perfused at D12 (Fig. 1d) . These vascular changes peaked by the end of week 2 and plateaued during the next 2 weeks which were correlated with a large increase in bone volume during the first 2 weeks and smaller increase during the last 2 weeks (Fig. 2e) . These results indicate that both structural and functional changes of the microvascular system strongly correlate with bone growth during the early stages of bone healing. Next, we plan to include additional indices of vascular function such as vessel maturity and intravascular oxygenation, as well as image‐based hemodynamic models to further characterize the role of the vascular microenvironment during osteogenesis. We believe that this novel imaging framework for characterizing the defect microenvironment can be utilized to inform the design of novel tissue engineering (TE) constructs for craniofacial bone regeneration. Collectively, these advances herald a new era of “image‐based TE”.
High latent Tuberculosis prevalence and poor metabolic outcomes among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus patients in Uganda: a case control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives:Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are three times more at risk of acquiring tuberculosis (TB) compared to non-diabetic individuals. Our study aim was to find out the prevalence of latent TB among newly diagnosed T2DM patients attending the diabetic clinic at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) in Kampala, Uganda. Methods:This was a case control study carried out between October 2017 and March 2018. Patients seeking care at MNRH were screened, and 103 newly diagnosed T2DM cases enrolled. Controls of similar age and gender were also screened, and 201 enrolled. Latent TB was diagnosed using a blood test and chest X-rays. Results:The prevalence of latent TB was 73% among cases and 71% among controls. Most of the cases and controls were female (69% and 71% respectively). Cases had poor blood sugar control and were more overweight. Also, the cases had worse symptoms than controls such as higher blood pressure and cholesterol levels. About 17% of the T2DM cases had signs of kidney disease. Among controls, 10% were pre-diabetic. Conclusions:There was no difference in the prevalence of latent TB between T2DM cases and their controls. The burden of latent TB was high among both populations. T2DM cases had worse symptoms, predisposing them to more complications and death.
PROBATION PERIOD AS A MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING THE FUNCTIONS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper reveals the functional purpose of the norms regulating the procedure for establishing, extending and canceling the probation period on the grounds provided for in Article 74 of the Criminal Code, and determines their place in the mechanism for implementing the protective and restorative functions of criminal law. In the course of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to make a number of changes to this procedure, in particular, concerning the assessment of the grounds and determination of the legal consequences of the cancellation of probation as a result of the commission of an administrative offense by a conditionally convicted person, careless and intentional crimes, as well as violations of the requirements established for the behavior of a convicted person for the period of probation by a court verdict. At the same time, when designing the norms on probation, the legislator should proceed from the fact that the maximum effect of using this tool depends on the degree of integration of the convict's personality into a socially oriented environment, including in terms of correcting his value-semantic attitudes. It can be achieved if the probationer takes part in the life of society on an equal basis with its other representatives, being in the same social status and legal position with them, that is, in conditions of equal opportunities. Therefore, the longer a person is in the status of a convicted (albeit conditionally convicted) and a judged person, the further the prospect of full-fledged re-socialization will move away from him.
A real-time greenhouse monitoring system for mango with Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Harumanis or its scientific name as Mangifera indica is a popular mango in Malaysia due to its unique aroma and taste, despite its expensive price. The high demand for this mango and its potential in export has been the reason why this tropical fruit being a national agenda for the Malaysian government to classify it as the specialty fruit from Perlis (smallest state in Malaysia). As the sole university in Perlis, University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) has taken the initiative to develop greenhouse specifically for Harumanis mango. To support this, a real-time greenhouse monitoring system has been proposed. The system was developed based on Wireless Sensor Networks technology which consists of three parts: sensing module, radio communication module and gateway module. This system is able to provide real time monitoring of the important factors in plant growth such as the carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity level in the greenhouse. The performance result shows that the temperature inside the greenhouse is slightly higher compared to the open field; which meets the crop requirements. At night, the greenhouse microclimate drops and equilibrates to the surrounding temperature and humidity. This condition ensures good flowering and fruiting of sweet and juicy mangoes.
Juvenal Plumage Polymorphism in Yellow Warblers Is Not Associated with Sex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polymorphisms of the juvenal plumage in birds have received little study in comparison to other plumages. We investigate a polymorphism in the juvenal plumage of the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) in southeastern Ontario, Canada. Yellow Warblers in juvenal plumage show either yellow or white plumage on their lower ventral surface of the neck, breast, and belly, and these differences have been speculated to be associated with sex. We tested the hypothesis that juvenal plumage color varies with sex by using blood samples to molecularly sex 10 yellow and 14 white nestlings. We found no relationship between plumage color and sex (yellow nestlings: 70% male, 30% female; white nestlings: 64% male, 36% female). Using the same 24 nestlings that we sexed, we measured feather color with a spectrometer and found that white and yellow morphs differ significantly in reflectance spectra of red and yellow chroma. Of 66 nestlings whose plumage color we visually inspected in the wild, 73% were white and 27% were yellow, showing that white nestlings are more common than yellow in our study population. We propose alternative explanations for the possible significance of yellow and white polymorphism in the juvenal plumage of the Yellow Warbler.
MISSION-ORIENTED SENSOR ARRAYS AND UAVs – A CASE STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. This paper presents a new concept of UAV mission design in geomatics, applied to the generation of thematic maps for a multitude of civilian and military applications. We discuss the architecture of Mission-Oriented Sensors Arrays (MOSA), proposed in Figueira et Al. (2013), aimed at splitting and decoupling the mission-oriented part of the system (non safety-critical hardware and software) from the aircraft control systems (safety-critical). As a case study, we present an environmental monitoring application for the automatic generation of thematic maps to track gunshot activity in conservation areas. The MOSA modeled for this application integrates information from a thermal camera and an on-the-ground microphone array. The use of microphone arrays technology is of particular interest in this paper. These arrays allow estimation of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the incoming sound waves. Information about events of interest is obtained by the fusion of the data provided by the microphone array, captured by the UAV, fused with information from the termal image processing. Preliminary results show the feasibility of the on-the-ground sound processing array and the simulation of the main processing module, to be embedded into an UAV in a future work. The main contributions of this paper are the proposed MOSA system, including concepts, models and architecture.
To Mask or Not to Mask Correctly: An Empirical Look at Public Masking Behavior

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Mask usage was mandated by public health authorities globally to decrease the spread of COVID-19. These recommendations were based on data showing that N95 masks and possibly surgical masks, when worn tight against the face, help slow the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, cloth and loose-fitting surgical masks are greatly inferior. Methods: Mask use by a random observation of 100 people in public indoor facilities was recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: Out of 100 people wearing a mask, 37 wore a cloth mask. Another 36 people wore a loosely applied surgical mask. Only 27 people wore a surgical mask that covered the nose and mouth and was applied firmly against the face at its margins. There were no people seen wearing an N95 mask. Overall, people were about 70% more likely to wear a surgical mask than a cloth mask (63 vs 37, p < 0.05). Of those wearing a surgical mask, more people wore it loosely than properly (36 to 27, p=0.17). Overall, people were more likely to wear a cloth mask or improperly applied surgical mask than a properly fitted one (73 vs 27, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In public settings, using cloth or loose-fitting surgical masks was almost 3 times more common than adequately using a tight-fitting surgical mask. Out of the 100 people observed, none wore an N95 respirator mask.
Identification of the tryptophan residue located at the saccharide binding site of castor bean hemagglutinin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tryptophan residue present at the saccharide-binding site of castor bean hemagglutinin (CBH) was identified. A peptide containing a modified tryptophan residue was isolated from the tryptic digest of S-carboxymethylated B-chain obtained from an inactive derivative of CBH (2-Oxa-CBH), in which two tryptophan residues/mol were oxidized with N-bromosuccinimide, by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 followed by high performance liquid chromatography. Analytical data for the isolated peptide indicated that the tryptophan residue at position 131 on the B-chain was modified in 2-Oxa-CBH. From these and earlier results, it is suggested that the tryptophan residue at 131 on each B-chain is closely associated with the saccharide-binding activity of CBH. The specific role of tryptophan residue at 131 in the saccharide-binding site of CBH is also discussed.
Phase I dose-escalation study for intravesical instillation of antisense oligonucleotide FFC15-01 against Ki-67 in patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this Phase I dose escalation study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of intravesical instillation of the FFC15-01 Ki-67 antisense oligonucleotide in patients with bladder cancer.
Prosthetic endocarditis treated with ampicillin and gentamicin in a penicillin-hypersensitive patient.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colony inhibition by serum and amidopyrine (sera were ABO-compatible zwith the cell samples used.Patient's colonies (Mean of three culture of control plates SD) Patient's serum* 30 2-3 100 + 1 0 ,ug drug 10-3 +46 34 + 0 ug drug 10 0 +:4 5 34 Normal serum 12 3 -t46 100 + 1-0 ug drug 12 7 :305 102 + 10 gg drug 12 7 :-8 5 103 Cord blood colonies (Mean of three culture plates SD) Patient's serum* 18 12-6 100 ,, ,, + +10 ,ug drug 5-3 ±37 29 ,, ,,1 + 0lgg drug 5 -28 27 Normal serum 16 ±3 6 100 , + 1 0 gg drug 18 3 '63 114 + 10 ug drug 12 5 0t7 79 *Taken 12 months after the agranulocytic episode.adheres to and damages granulocytes at all stages of maturation.This process did not affect lymphocytes or erythrocytes.The mechanism of colony inhibition may be similar to that caused by antilymphocyte globulin.4A suppression of colony-forming cells by the drug-antibody complex would explain the 6-8 days interval between stopping ami- dopyrine ingestion and granulocyte recovery, but many factors may modify the effect in vivo.Colony inhibition could be a useful additional test in suspected amidopyrine sensitivity.
A Survey on Perceptions of Playing any Musical Instrument of the Individuals who Receive Amateur Musical Education: A Metaphorical Analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Phenomenological study is a type of research that reveals emotional and often intense human experiences. The main purpose of this qualitative and phenomenological study is to examine the perceptions of primary, secondary and high school students who play any musical instrument of playing the musical instruments through metaphors they develop. The study group consists of 314 students studying in primary, secondary and high schools in Çankaya district of Ankara province. A questionnaire form developed by the researchers was used to collect data. The first section of the questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the students. The second section of the questionnaire included a statement for exploring metaphorical opinions: “Playing the instrument is like ... because …” along with the questions related to the organization and terms of the competition. While completing this statement, the students were expected to focus on a single metaphorical concept and write clearly the mental image they develop. The written answers constitute the database of the study. Metaphor-oriented studies are based on two purposes. The former is to describe the situation and the latter is to accelerate and improve the research process. In this study, the latter was selected and metaphors on abstract scientific subjects were used as pedagogical tools. 68.15% of the participants were female and 31.85% were male. In this qualitative study, 9 themes including pleasure, imagination, sharing and recovery, development-effort, life source, entertainment, art, independence and nature-environment were identified. The results of the study revealed that the students who played amateur instruments produced multiple and different metaphors about the concept of playing an instrument. The distribution of the participants’ responses was as follows: pleasure (30.11%), imagination (17.96%), sharing and recovery (12.98%), development-effort (8.84%), life source (8.29%), entertainment (7.73%), art (5,52%), independence (4,70%) and nature-environment (3.87 %).
Effect of straw returning in winter fallow in Chinese rice fields on greenhouse gas emissions: evidence from an incubation study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Many studies have been performed to compare different straw-returning methods that could provide environmental benefits. However, few studies have focused on the greenhouse gas emissions from straw returning under winter water-stored fields (flooded conditions) and winter fallow fields (non-flooded conditions), which are the common land use types after the rice harvest in southern China. Thus, in the present microcosm incubation experiment, CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were compared under flooded and non-flooded soil conditions, following straw incorporation. Straw application stimulated CO2 cumulative emission, and this effect was exacerbated by flooding (1818 and 4271 mg kg–1 under non-flooded and flooded conditions, respectively). Although the application of straw can mitigate N2O cumulative emissions under flooded conditions (10 152 µg kg–1 without and –51 µg kg–1 with straw incorporation, respectively), higher CO2 and CH4 production was detected (4271 and 149.20 mg kg–1 for CO2 and CH4 cumulative emissions, respectively). In contrast, straw application under non-flooded conditions had a relatively low global warming potential value (1836 mg CO2 Eq kg–1). Consequently, winter fallow field is recommended after the integrated application of straw and nitrogen fertiliser because of its low global warming potential. However, different strategies may be required for long-term reduction in global warming potential values.
The Terrorist as a Belligerent Under International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines the status of terrorists captured during a military deployment of forces against a terrorist threat. The application of international law to captured terrorists%raises questions of procedure and policy. In addition, the definitions and norms of conduct in warfare are difficult to apply to the actions of terrorists. Alternatives to prisoner of war status, in the context of the law of war, peacetime international law, and domestic law, offer little hope of obtaining justice from terrorists for their transgressions. This thesis concludes that the initial application 0% prisoner of war status to terrorists should become a matter of U.S. policy, and that the terrorist should continue to be treated as a prisoner of war until such time as he has been shown to have violated the norms of conduct during war, at which time he should be prosecuted for his crimes.
Acceptance Test and Clinical Commissioning of CT Simulator

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study examined the clinical use of two newly installed computed tomography (CT) simulators in the Department of Radiation Oncology. The accreditation procedure was performed by the Korean Institute for Accreditation of Medical Imaging. An Xi R/F dosimeter was used to measure the CT dose index for each plug of the CT dose index phantom. Image qualities such as the Hounsfield unit (HU) value of water, noise level, homogeneity, existence of artifacts, spatial resolution, contrast, and slice thickness were evaluated by scanning a CT performance phantom. All test items were evaluated as to whether they were within the required tolerance level. CT calibration curves—the relationship between CT number and relative electron density—were obtained for dose calculations in the treatment planning system. The positional accuracy of the lasers was also evaluated. The volume CT dose indices for the head phantom were 22.26 mGy and 23.70 mGy, and those for body phantom were 12.30 mGy and 12.99 mGy for the first and second CT simulators, respectively. HU accuracy, noise, and homogeneity for the first CT simulator were −0.2 HU, 4.9 HU, and 0.69 HU, respectively, while those for second CT simulator were 1.9 HU, 4.9 HU, and 0.70 HU, respectively. Five air-filled holes with a diameter of 1.00 mm were used for assessment of spatial resolution and a low contrast object with a diameter of 6.4 mm was clearly discernible by both CT scanners. Both CT simulators exhibited comparable performance and are acceptable for clinical use.
Contingent Borders, Ambiguous Ethics: Migrants in (International) Political Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article engages a critical analysis of liberal theory in the context of transnational migration. Normative arguments provided by liberal-cosmopolitan and liberal-communitarian authors are contrasted. While sympathetic to such approaches, we argue that traditional liberal theory has attempted to downplay the contingency and resultant ambiguity of many of its moral precepts. Historically contingent borders underpin neat universal categories like “citizen” and “refugee,” which fail to reflect the diverse and contested experiences of migration. But such ambiguities need not undermine liberal approaches. Indeed, a proper engagement with the problematic and uncertain realities of migration can provide a spur to a more thoroughgoing ethical praxis. We draw on the philosophical pragmatism of Richard Rorty to outline an approach to migration that remains open to the contingent construction of terms like “migrant,”“refugee,” and “asylum-seeker.” By extending Rorty's concept of sentimental education, we provide an imaginative and politically challenging set of agendas for the ethics of migration.
Some Late-Medieval Eton College Wills

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The religion of the people is the foundation of the Church and basic to the study of church history. It is in this belief and in the recognition that where direct expression of religious ideas is lacking any material which may shed light on them must be used, that the following study is offered. The evidence on which it is based is drawn from the archives of Eton College and consists largely of wills drawn up before 1500. They number seventy-three, and they fall into two main groups. The first comprises fourteen wills found among the deeds which came to the college as the result of its acquisition of land and property by the gift either of the founder, Henry VI, or of local benefactors in the early sixteenth century. Three of these wills are of the fourteenth century; the remainder are spread throughout the fifteenth century from 1401 to 1497. Six were made in the diocese of Salisbury: five in New Windsor, one in Cookham (Berks.). The other eight wills in this group are those of residents in Lincoln diocese, three living in Eton and five in Buckinghamshire villages to the north—Iver, Langley, Farnham, Burnham, and High Wycombe. The second group, comprising the remaining fifty-nine wills are contained in the first of the college registers, and were proved before the provosts, who had been granted archidiaconal rights of jurisdiction in the parish of Eton by Thomas Bekynton, archdeacon of Buckingham, in 1443.