jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature and High Salt Concentration Effects on General CO 2 Corrosion for Carbon Steel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

FANG, HAITAO, M.S., November 2006, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering LOW TEMPERATURE AND HIGH SALT CONCENTRATION EFFECTS ON GENERAL CO2 CORROSION FOR CARBON STEEL (113 pp.) Director of Thesis: Srdjan Nesic In this study, the low temperature and high salt concentration effects on CO2 corrosion have been investigated using electrochemical techniques and weight loss (WL) measurements. The study started with general CO2 corrosion experiments at low temperatures (1 – 10oC). It was found that the general CO2 corrosion rate significantly decreased as the temperature decreased. The general CO2 corrosion rate was found to be under charge transfer control at low temperatures (1 – 10oC). It was also found that the experimental data were not consistent with the data predicted by the most advanced corrosion prediction model. A series of experiments were also performed to study high salt concentration effects on general CO2 corrosion. The corrosion rates of carbon steel were found to be significantly affected by the high content of salt. The corrosion rates decrease significantly and nonlinearly with the increase of salt concentration. It was also found from the potentiodynamic results that the high salt concentration retarded the cathodic reaction, the anodic reaction and the limiting current. A modification to the well known published electrochemical model was made to account for the low temperature and high salt effects. The modified model agrees well with the experimental data at low temperatures and high salt concentrations. Approved: Srdjan Nesic Professor of Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engineering
Reasons for seeking a divorce in Iran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the increasing rate of divorce in Iran, together with the need to adopt preventive measures based on cultural conditions, a requirement of utmost importance is to explore the reasons that drive Iranian couples to seek a divorce. In this nationwide study, which was conducted in nine capital cities chosen from 31 provinces in Iran, a total of 3,200 men and women (1,600 couples), who had petitioned the court for a divorce, received individual expert counseling services through a reliable and valid questionnaire. Of the 17 reasons that the divorce seekers provided as explanation for their decision, three were prominent: the inability to resolve conflicts, which led to disputes, dissatisfaction with the manner by which their spouses expressed their love and emotions, and discontent regarding a spouse’s personality traits. The findings highlighted the necessity of planning for enhanced conflict resolution and communication among men and women in Iranian society.
The attractiveness of ShuangMing sex pheromone blend on Asiatic rice borer and yellow stem borer in rice field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Controlling Chilo suppressalis and Scripophaga incertulas by using synthetic sex pheromone is an environment-friendly alternative to chemical insecticide. New sex pheromone lures (named SM lures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) for both C. suppressalis and S. incertulas males were prepared and tested in rice field in the flight periods of overwintering and 1st generation during 1998–2001 when standard C. suppressalis lure (CL) and S. incertulas lure (SL) were used as the control lures. The SM lures contained 4-component (Z9-hexadecenal, Z11-hexadecenal, Z13-octadecenal and hexadecenal) blends with different ratio and dosage. CL lure contained Z9-hexadecenal, Z11-hexadecenal and Z13-octadecenal and SL lure contained Z9-hexadecenal, Z11-hexadecenal and hexadecenal and 5 types of SM lures were attractive to both male C. suppressalis and S. incertulas. Average catches per week per trap of 5 types of SM lures were 229.4, 158.0, 253.0, 76.4 and 160.6 for over-wintering, and 129.5, 96.8, 157.1, 50.2 and 86.2 for the 1st generations respectively. Among the 5 types of SM lures, SM1 and SM3 were more attractive than other three types of SM lures.
Helping Agents' Attitudes Towards Alcohol‐related Problems: situations vacant? A test and elaboration of a model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary An elaboration of Cartwright's (1980) model explaining agents' negative attitudes to responding to alcohol‐related problems (ARPs) is presented. Rather than Role Support, Experience, Education and Self‐esteem per se being seen as the main variables with effect on therapeutic attitude, it is argued that the effects of these factors are best viewed as contingent upon situational influences operating within agents' occupational contexts. An attempt was made to isolate some of these influences by comparing the work situations of 24 Community Psychiatric Nurses (CPNs) and 24 Social Workers. Correlational data suggested that an index of Situational Constraint, although it was not independent of Role Support and Experience, could reliably predict levels of attitudes towards ARPs. It was found that CPNs expressed significantly more positive therapeutic attitudes towards drinkers than either ‘long‐term’ generic, or medical, Social Workers, but were also working under less Situational Constraint. It is concluded that social workers do not attain such deep levels of involvement in ARPs as CPNs owing to their more constraining work environments. They are, therefore, less open to ARP educational events and are less likely to develop role support contacts. Recommendations for future role support provision and training programmes are briefly outlined.
Trends in the Prevalence and Postoperative Surgical Complications for Smokers Who Underwent a Total Knee Arthroplasty from 2011 to 2019: An Analysis of 406,553 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is unclear if the declining prevalence of tobacco use in the U.S. population is reflected in patients undergoing elective TKA. This study aims to investigate (1) the incidence of 30-day complications following TKA in smokers and (2) trends in preoperative smoking status among TKA patients. In this study, patients undergoing primary elective TKA in the United States from 2011 to 2019 were identified in the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Our cohort included 406,553 cases, 8.13% of which had smoked cigarettes within 1 year of undergoing TKA. Smokers were propensity score-matched to a group of nonsmokers, with each n = 32,533. The incidences of 30-day complications, readmission, and non-home discharge were compared between groups. The rate of preoperative smoking among elective primary TKA patients remained stagnant from 2011 to 2019. Smokers had higher rates of superficial surgical site infections (SSIs; 1.1 vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001), deep SSI (0.3 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.012), wound disruption (0.4 vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (0.5 vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001), and 30-day readmission (3.6 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001) compared with nonsmokers. No significant trends in 30-day complications were noted between 2011 and 2019. This study supports the success of national efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking and reports a modest effect within the TKA population. However, almost 1 in 10 patients undergoing elective TKA continues to smoke and maintains a higher risk of postoperative complications.
In vitro fine structural study of SIF cells and neurons in sympathetic ganglion after vinblastine treatment.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Lower mesenteric ganglia of cats were rapidly excised and immediately placed in 50 ml of Eagles minimum essential medium at 37 degrees C supplemented with vinblastine sulphate (Richter) in a concentration of 2.10(-6) --10(-5) mg/ml. 35 min to 24 hours after treatment with vinblastine changes in ultrastructure of neurons, axons, and SIF cells with their processes were observed. After short time intervals of incubation with vinblastine nonspecific toxic changes in the cytoplasm of cells were observed. After 2 hours of incubation specific changes attributable to action of vinblastine were found, e.g. reduction in number of neurotubules in axons and formation of paracrystals within the axoplasm. In SIF cells no depletion of granular vesicles was found in places near the cell membrane after disassembly of SIF cell microtubules.
Influence of Light and the Pineal Gland on Biological Rhythms

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

More than 300 years ago, the French philosopher René Descartes (1596–1650 AD) was well aware of the existence of the pineal gland and in his treatise "The Passions of the Soul" he described it as playing a crucial role in the interaction between the soul and the body. This 17th century Cartesian concept of the pineal gland as the "seat of the human soul" was probably developed from the much earlier postmortem studies of Herophilus (325–280 BC), an Alexandrian anatomist, who according to the chronicles of Galen (130–200 AD) referred to the pineal gland as a valve regulating the flow of "spirits" between the 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle of the brain. Looking back at these ancient ideas, it is all too easy to dismiss them as being erroneous, too simplistic, or even superstitious. With the surge of scientific knowledge in recent decades, especially in the fields of biochemistry, neuroanatomy, and molecular biology, we now know that the pineal gland plays an important role as a circadian photoneuroendocrine transducer. And yet, even today many questions remain unanswered about this mysterious "little gland" and speculations regarding the physiological role of melatonin, its principal hormone, are likely to persist well into the 21st century.
[The tropical traveling child: risks and prevention].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Children increasingly travel to the tropics. Compared with adults, the risks of severe malaria, dehydration due to diarrhea, and the number of infectious episodes, are higher. Paradoxically, children receive less pre-travel advice than adults, and some parents are opposed to vaccinations. The consultation must target essential prevention topics. We present the age-related schedules for immunizations against yellow and typhoid fevers, hepatitis A and B, tick-borne and Japanese encephalitis, and rabies. We discuss the preventive measures for malaria, accidents, altitude, and prescriptions for antimalarial drugs, rehydration solutions and standby antibiotics according to weight.
20th of July, 1810. An episode of urban protest in Bogota

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article approaches the episode of the 20th of July of 1810 in Santa Fe from the perspective of the urban protest and not as a founded political fact of the nation, as traditionally it has been treated. It presents the immediate antecedents to the events of the city like the scene are located in which the popular mobilization occurs and it stops in the characteristics of the collective action that takes place from the date indicated by the urban popular sectors. Finally one stands out how the vision about the political popular participation that shaped the leaders of the Creole elite it was conserved in the later historiography of independence.
Detection of hypoplasia of bony cochlear nerve canal by virtual endoscopy: a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Dimensions of the bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC) have been proposed as a potential diagnostic standard for hypoplasia of BCNC, but the standard remains inconsistent. We have previously found that a helix-like shape appears in normal BCNCs at VE images, whereas, the sign does not appear in some hypoplastic BCNCs. Purpose To retrospectively examine the feasibility of computed tomographic (CT) virtual endoscopy (VE) in the evaluation of hypoplasia of BCNC on the basis of absence of a helix-like shape. Material and Methods Twenty ears in 14 consecutive patients (mean age 5.5 years, range 1–15 years, 6 boys, 8 girls) diagnosed with hypoplasia of BCNC were included in this work. One hundred ears in 50 gender- and age-matched individuals (mean age 6.6 years, range 1–15 years, 29 boys, 21 girls) without inner ear disease and internal auditory canal (IAC) malformations served as controls. The presence or absence of a helix-like shape was evaluated by two independent reviewers. The value of VE for the diagnosis of hypoplasia of BCNC was assessed with clinical results and routine radiologic evaluation as the reference standard. Inter-observer agreement was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were selected to test the diagnostic ability of the VE. Results Absence of a helix-like shape was found in the cochlear area of 17 of 20 ears in patients with hypoplasia of BCNC but in none of the control subjects. Inter-observer agreement was substantial (к = 0.773). The diagnostic rates of absence of a helix-like shape for hypoplasia of BCNC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 85%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to VE findings for absence of a helix-like shape ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The absence of a helix-like shape at VE images may be used as a potentially useful sign in the diagnosis of hypoplasia of BCNC.
Vertebrate Somitogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract In vertebrates, the paraxial mesoderm corresponds to the bilateral strips of mesodermal tissue flanking the notochord and neural tube and which are delimited laterally by the intermediate mesoderm and the lateral plate. The paraxial mesoderm comprises the head or cephalic mesoderm anteriorly and the somitic region throughout the trunk and the tail of the vertebrates. Soon after gastrulation, the somitic region of vertebrates starts to become segmented into paired blocks of mesoderm, termed somites. This process lasts until the number of somites characteristic of the species is reached. The somites later give rise to all skeletal muscles of the body, the axial skeleton, and part of the dermis. In this review I discuss the processes involved in the formation of the paraxial mesoderm and its segmentation into somites in vertebrates.
The mind and the hand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Symptoms are determined in large part by mindsets. Feelings of distress and unhelpful thoughts (misinterpretations) of symptoms account for much of the variability in comfort and capability with the severity of the underlying pathophysiology making a more limited contribution. Incorporating this experimental evidence into the daily practice of hand surgery will help us find ways to develop healthy mindsets, to prioritize the alleviation of distress and the gentle redirection of unhelpful thoughts, to avoid unnecessary surgery, and to provide better psychological and social support for people recovering from injury and surgery.
Impact of Digital Technology and the Need for Periodical Review of Educational Curriculum in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective curriculum is a key determining factor to the growth of the education system in any meaningful societies or nations. It is worthy of note that technology keeps evolving which prompts the need for concurrent review of the curriculum. Presently, there are still outdated topics that ought to have been phased out from the curriculum, it is alarming that some tertiary institutions are still using the old curriculum while those that have adopted the new curriculum have not fully implemented the full content due to the lack of adequate equipment or unavailability of trained personnel. This paper assessed the present state of the Nigerian curriculum, and for better output performance, there should be a recurrent review of the curriculum at most every three years to keep abreast of modern technology. Hence, it was recommended that there should be a recurrent review of the curriculum to meet the trend of economic needs of the nation, training and retraining of lecturers, establishing and equipping all laboratories with modern equipment. Most importantly, those from industries should be part of the team for the formulation of the curriculum to produce competent and qualified graduates.
Iraq’s Unlearned Lesson; Transitional Justice Mechanisms and the Rising Threat of Terrorism in the Post-IS landscape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Implementing a suitable transitional justice mechanism in post-conflict societies which experienced or continue to experience terrorism is arguably even more complicated than other transitional justice processes. Transitional justice mechanisms are designed to ultimately break the cycle of violence and facilitate long-lasting peace. However, the very same mechanisms as a cure for spiritual wounds and traumas of a terror-affected society can be a curse with the potential to create / deepen grievances which may be harnessed to promote extremist violence. By way of illustration, while securing accountability for past crimes is oftentimes promoted in the aftermath of conflict, excessive retributive responses can possibly be counter-productive to long-term security. Iraq in its both post-2003 and post-IS (Islamic State) landscape can stand as an explicit illustration of this tension. Taking Iraq as a case study and based on a literature review and expert interviews, this presentation explores how transitional justice mechanisms can fuel or frustrate the cycle of radicalization in a post-terror landscape. Based on the presented model, it argues that the current Iraqi government in the post-IS era makes largely the very same mistake it made in the post-2003 era which can create new push and pull factors for radicalization and lead to a new generation of terrorists.
Grade Inflation at Saudi Universities Before, During and After the Pandemic: A Comparative Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates grade inflation in 127 language, linguistics, translation, education, and computer courses taught at some Saudi universities before, during and after the Pandemic. Grades obtained from some instructors for courses taught over 8 semesters were analyzed. It was found that between 20% 65% chose a pass/no-grade results, the rest of the students mostly earned A & B grades in Spring 2020 when instruction and assessment were held online compared to students’ grade in Fall 2018, Spring 2018, Fall 2019, and after the Pandemic (in Fall 2020, Spring 2021, Fall 2021, Spring 2022). Grade inflation was the highest in computer courses followed by education courses and was the least in language, linguistics, and translation courses. Grade inflation in Spring 2020 was due to the adjustments mandated by universities to alleviate students’ anxiety caused by the sudden shift to online teaching and assessment. Universities allocated 20% of the course marks to final exams, gave alternatives to a written final and to be lenient in grading. Students had the option to drop the course or have a pass with no-grade result. In Fall 2020, classes were still held online but exams were held on campus. Starting Fall 2021, both instruction and exams were held on campus. Mark distribution and exam requirements went back to normal as before the Pandemic. However, grade inflation continued in many courses even in Spring 2022. The study gives recommendations for maintaining exam reliability, validity, and fairness in emergency and normal situations to achieve the desired learning outcomes.
Sustainable Manufacturing of trans-4-Trifluoromethyl-l-proline via Stereochemical Editing: A Combined In Silico and Experimental Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ibuzatrelvir (1) is a second-generation, orally bioavailable, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease inhibitor clinical candidate. Herein, we report the implementation of an in silico and high-throughput experimentation strategy leading to the identification of a rapid, efficient, and sustainable route to trans-4-trifluoromethyl-l-proline (2), a key building block for ibuzatrelvir. This novel synthetic route features a key stereochemical editing step to enable an efficient and scalable protocol that operates under mild conditions with high stereoselectivity, providing effective access to more than 235 kg of trans-4-trifluoromethyl-l-proline 2 in a five-step synthetic sequence from readily available starting materials.
Dataset for the evaluation of student-level outcomes of a primary school Computer Science curricular reform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dataset for the evaluation of student-level outcomes of a primary school Computer Science curricular reform
======================================================= • If you publish material based on this dataset, please cite the following : • The Zenodo repository : Laila El-Hamamsy, Barbara Bruno, Jessica Dehler Zufferey, and Francesco Mondada (2023). Dataset for the evaluation of student-level outcomes of a primary school Computer Science curricular reform [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7489244 • The associated peer reviewed article that will appear in the International Journal of STEM education : El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Audrin, C., Chevalier, M., Avry S., Dehler Zufferey, J., and Mondada, F. (2023). How are Primary School Computer Science Curricular Reforms Contributing to Equity? Impact on Student Learning, Perception of the Discipline, and Gender Gaps. arXiv, to appear in the International Journal of STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00820 • License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY-4.0) • Creator: El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Dehler Zufferey, J., and Mondada, F. • Date: May 2nd 2023 • Subject: Computer Science; Curricular Reform; Elementary Education; Learning Achievement; Computational Thinking; Perception Survey; Equity; Gender Gaps • Dataset format: CSV • Dataset collection: January 2021 to May 2022 • Dataset size : < 100 kB • Dataset content : three excel files. We provide the detailed description of each of the files below. The original questions are available in the associated publication [1]. Please note that these datasets contain missing values due to students either not being present for all data collections or not having the associated teacher-related data. • Abbreviations :
- CS : Computer Science
- CT : Computational Thinking
- PD : Professional Development • Funding : This work was funded by the the NCCR Robotics, a National Centre of Competence in Research, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 51NF40_185543) # References [1] El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Audrin, C., Chevalier, M., Avry S., Dehler Zufferey, J., and Mondada, F. (2023). How are Primary School Computer Science Curricular Reforms Contributing to Equity? Impact on Student Learning, Perception of the Discipline, and Gender Gaps. arXiv, to appear in the International Journal of STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00820
Relational Blocks: A Visual Dataflow Language for Relational Web-Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many Web-applications can be characterized as "relational". In this paper we show that developers can greatly benefit from relational blocks, a visual, domain-specific, dataflow language that is designed to facilitate the construction of such web-applications. We define the relational blocks visual language, discuss our WebRB implementation, and show how WebRB is used to construct non-trivial web-pages.