jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Deterioration of Polymer-Coated 55% Al-Zn Part 1 : Behavior of Thin Polymer Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The electrochemical behavior of 55% Al-Zn coated steel sheet, on which a very thin polymeric film (≈ 1 μm) was applied, was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Use of a straightforward electric model to analyze the spectra obtained with different polymer films allowed correlation of the coating parameters and the physicochemical processes occurring on a microscale. Exposure to a 0.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for variable time periods gave new insight into the mechanisms of protection and short-term degradation of the coating.
E-Assessment on Student's Self-Concept for Physics Learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to apply students' self-concept E-assessment to SESKA-based physics. Student self-concept E-assessment in this study aims to see students 'self-concept of physics and how the teacher responds to the development of students' self-concept E-assessment with SESKA systems. The method implemented in this research has three stages, namely: (1) Development, (2) Implementation, & (Evaluation). This research was carried out on 450 students and 15 teachers in the Jambi Province of Indonesia. The results of this study indicate students' self-concept of physics is classified as good 47.1% (212 students), and the teacher's response is classified as positive, with 66.7% (10 teachers). Therefore, SESKA-based E-Assessments receives a good response and needs to be developed on a large scale.
Group Mentality, Expressivism, and Genocide

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores abiding question of how to construe state of mind set forth in 1948 Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide; that is the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such. The question promises to challenge International Criminal Court just as it has judges of ad hoc tribunals established in 1990s, International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and for former Yugoslavia. First article traces development of group mentality element from its early and broad outline to narrow formula in Convention. It then looks at how ad hoc tribunals have endeavored to construe 1948 definition in light of much more recent events. In particular, article contrasts seriatim approach employed in most opinions with ensemble approach adopted by ICTY in Prosecutor v. Krstic. Analysis of this divide begins by posing a question sometimes overlooked in debates about definition of genocide: What does it matter? Conduct that satisfies actus reus component of - murder, sexual assault, starvation - is without doubt reprehensible. Does naming an act genocide bring added significance? This article answers that question in affirmative. Law operates as a means for articulation and nourishment of societal values. This expressive function has special force in international criminal law, only now entering an era in which ongoing international criminal tribunals reinforce pronouncements of norm, such as proscription against in 1948 Convention. This offense - commission of a heinous act with desire to eliminate a human group - is deemed most serious of crimes, in legal writings no less than in popular media. That social meaning of genocide, this article argues, imposes constraints. Tribunals must act in a manner that recognizes and nurtures status of norm against genocide. Extending protection to too many groups could upset singular status of proscription against genocide; denying it to deserving groups could undermine tribunal's authority. This article recommends answering protected group question according to a synthesis of seriatim and ensemble construction. Key to inquiry is particular context in which an atrocity occurred. Resort to appropriate components of each method of construction will permit a tribunal to identify a group within its own social context, and thus to determine whether particular group falls within aegis of Convention definition. This reasoned inquiry into individual culpability both strengthens authority of tribunal and assures that only those perpetrators whom society consider very worst will receive indelible brand of genocidaire.
Early School Leaving and Learners with Disabilities and/or Special Educational Needs: A Review of the Research Evidence Focusing on Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report sets out the findings of a review of the research evidence on early school leaving (ESL) in Europe, with particular reference to young people identified as having special educational needs and/or disabilities. The review primarily focuses on published material that directly relates to the situation in one or more European countries and that is available in English. However, there is a paucity of research that meets these criteria. European research literature has therefore been supplemented, where necessary, by literature from other parts of the world. Download the literature review as a PDF in English below.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Bronchial Asthma Among Medical Students – A Questionnaire Based Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway hyper-responsiveness which can occur at any age.It is a serious health problem worldwide with a prevalence anticipated to be approximately 4.5 percent.There are more than 339 million asthma patients across the world including all age groups.In India, the burden of the disease is estimated at more than 15 million patients.Though asthma can't be completely cured, clinical episodes can be prevented and controlled to a greater extent through proper management.But insufficient knowledge of asthma has led to inadequate disease management which has resulted in increased morbidity.Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of bronchial asthma among medical students. Methods:A questionnaire based study was conducted in our Institute for a period of 3 months.The data was collected by administering questionnaire comprising of knowledge, attitude and practice towards bronchial asthma to all medical students in our institute.Results: 93.3% students had known about the disease.85.3% of participants knew about the symptoms of the disease while only 46% knew about the diagnosis using spirometry.63.4% knew about the medication used and around 83.7% knew about the best route of administration.77.5% had adequate knowledge.62.2% and 61% showed positive attitude and good practice respectively. Conclusion:Successful outcome towards asthma management relies upon many factors like adequate education, positive attitude and good practice towards the disease.Our study concludes that knowledge, attitude and practice towards the disease increases through each year of medical course.
Novel high-responsivity 10-μm GaAs quantum well infrared detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Novel high-responsivity IR detectors at λ = 10 μ m have been demonstrated based on intersub-band absorption in GaAs/Al x Ga 1− x As quantum wells. Following photoexcitation, the electrons efficiently tunnel out of the quantum wells with a large hot electron mean free path for high field transport through the superlattice. We achieved responsivities of R = 2 A/W for an applied bias voltage of V a = 9 V.
MRI Enhancement as a Predicator of Uterine Fibroid Volume Reduction after Embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim of the Study: To evaluate the response of necrotic fibroids to UAE and to identify whether pre-UAE enhancement or other factors are predictors of fibroid shrinkage.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of all women who underwent UAE for symptomatic fibroids from January 2013 till July 2017, who experienced a follow-up MRI 5-6 months after UAE were included. There were 54 fibroids (37 non-enhancing and 17 enhancing) among 24 women with a mean age of 56 (range 40-59) years. All fibroids were assessed for size, position, enhancement on subtraction images, and Apparent Diffusion Constant (ADC).
Results: Enhancing fibroids had an average decrease in diameter by 23 ± 6%, not significantly different compared to that non-enhancing fibroids which decreased by 19 ± 3% (p=0.491). Multiple linear regression with percent change in fibroid diameter as the dependent variable and patient age, fibroid position, and pre-UAE fibroid diameter, enhancement, and ADC as independent variables, showed that ADC (p<0.005) and pre-UAE diameter (p<0.005) were the only significant independent variables.
Conclusion: Pre-UAE size and ADC, but not contrast enhancement, predicted fibroid diameter reduction. Enhancing and non-enhancing fibroids had similar size reduction after UAE. Non-enhancement should not be considered a contraindication to UAE.
[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children with severe acquired aplastic anemia. The long-term results. The Spanish Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children (GETMON)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our results confirm that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA identical sibling is the best treatment modality for children with SAAA. Acute GVHD associated with infections and graft rejection were responsible for treatment failures.
Glaciers and Glacier Lake Outburst Floods in the Himalaya

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The glaciers in the Himalaya award the highest mountain range with their majestic visage. This chapter guides systematically from the ice-covered peaks and the glacial lakes along a catastrophic glacier lake outburst flood trajectory, through the river channel network to the downstream living societies. The reader will learn about glacier dynamics and the link between glacier lake outburst floods hazards and societal impacts. The chapter discusses the current state of knowledge with a special focus on climatic changes and their potential consequences. It demonstrates this with well-documented examples from different places around the Himalaya. Phases of advance and retreat of Himalayan glaciers have created space for lakes to grow at the glacial margins or forelands. Glacier lakes retain snow and glacier meltwater behind glacial ice, moraines or bedrock.
Differential Expression of Three Dopamine Receptors in Varroa-Resistant Honey Bees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Various stocks of honey bees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) employ multiple mechanisms to control varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae)) infestations. Identification of trait-associated genes and markers can improve efficiency of selective breeding. Dopamine receptors show promise in this regard in their association with numerous traits in honey bees, high plasticity, and indicated association with varroa resistance through QTL analysis. We assessed the relationship between exposure to mite-infested brood and gene expression of the honey bee dopamine receptors, Amdop1, Amdop2, and Amdop3, in bees and stocks with known levels of varroa resistance, in Spring 2016 (VSH vs Italian) and Summer 2019 (Pol-line vs Italian). Relative mRNA expression levels varied both by honey bee stock and before/after exposure to varroa-infested brood, in 7-, 10-, and 14-day-old bees. However, the trials revealed contrasting patterns in expression of the three dopamine receptors. In 2016, downregulation was evident in VSH bees, but varied by days post-emergence and by gene. The 2019 trial showed upregulation post-exposure in both stocks, and at all ages, for Amdop1, Amdop2, and Amdop3, with the exception of 14 d Italian bees for Amdop2 and Amdop3. Stock comparison in 2019 showed upregulation of all three dopamine-like receptors in post-exposure bees of all ages. Season and associated differences in mite loads may have contributed to the differences observed across trials. Differential expression of all three dopamine receptors suggests a role for the dopaminergic system in varroa resistance and suggests that further characterization of these receptors for breeding potential is warranted.
Effect of Different Level of β-carotene on Milking Performance of Dairy Cow

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of adding Different dosage of β-carotene on milk yeild and milk quality of the dairy cow rearing in confinement was studied by adding β-carotene preparation in the ration of dairy cow,32 Health Holstein dairy cow which were similar in the age,weight,parity(first parity),nutritional status,milking periog(around 200 days)were used to conduct the test and divided into four groups by randomized blocks design.The group I was control group(basal ration),the group II(adding β-carotene 300mg/d in basal ration),the group III(adding β-carotene 600mg/d in basal ration)and the group Ⅳ(adding β-carotene 900mg/d in basal ration)were the treatment groups.The results showed that the milk yeild of dairy cow increased by adding β-carotene and the milk yeild of dairg cow in the group Ⅳincreased11.03% than that in the control group(P0.05),The milk fat percentage of dairy cow in the groups Ⅲ and Ⅳincreasal 6.34% and 9.36% than that in the contol group(P0.01).The content of lactoprotein of dairy cow in the group Ⅳ increased 2.05% than that in the control group(P0.05),There was not significant differency among four groups in the content of lactose(P0.05).
Modulation of L-Type (CaV1.3) Calcium Channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

L-type CaV1.3 calcium channels perform critical functions in auditory hair cells, cardiac pacemaker cells, and pancreatic β-cells, but little is currently known about how these channels are modulated by cell signaling mechanisms. To begin to address this issue, we have tested the ability of various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate CaV1.3 expressed in a mammalian cell line. Expression plasmids encoding CaV1.3 and auxiliary calcium channel subunits α2-δb and β3 were transiently coexpressed in HEK293 cells along with plasmids encoding a single type of GPCR. As a control for functional expression of the GPCR, we performed parallel transfections of separate HEK293 cells with N-type calcium channels (CaV2.2), which display modulation by most GPCRs. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to monitor calcium channel activity under control conditions and during agonist-dependent receptor activation. Our results indicate that Gαq/11-coupled receptors (α1A-adrenergic, H1 histamine, M1 muscarinic acetylcholine, and neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors) trigger profound inhibition of CaV1.3, whereas Gαi/o-coupled receptors (M2 muscarinic acetylcholine) and Gαs-coupled receptors (β2 adrenergic and D1 dopamine receptor) have no apparent effects on CaV1.3 activity. These results suggest that, in vivo, CaV1.3 may be modulated exclusively by Gαq/11-coupled GPCRs. This information may ultimately be useful in identifying pharmacological treatments for cardiac arrhythmias and disorders of hearing or insulin secretion.
Impact of Cirrus Cloud on Laminar Flow Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The impact of cirrus cloud on Laminar Flow Control (LFC) has been reviewed. Analysis of previously published work allowed for reducing the problem to one of how particles, dispersed in the free stream, can deteriorate laminar flow in general. Motivation for reinvestigating the matter was found in the existing discrepancy between the limited available information and the need for a more detailed understanding of the subject, which is required for taking full advantage of laminar flow technologies and their secure operation. Furthermore, there exists renewed interest in laminar flow applications by both the manufacturers and the airlines in order to cope with promised efficiencies and increasing fuel costs. Preliminary experimental work has reproduced the effect in a laboratory environment and yielded results that compare well to earlier theoretical analysis. The double pitot technique has been proven to provide meaningful answers. For future work, the use of modern flow visualization techniques is deemed to be a necessary requirement for widening the available picture and effectively understanding the elementary phenomena. Within a supporting Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study, good agreement has been found with the published analytical criteria regarding the particle trajectories and with published water droplet impingement data.
Effect of obesity on balance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess studies that look into whether obesity has an effect on balance. The goal of this review was to look at the latest studies on the impact of obesity on balance. A high lipid accumulation or extra fat mass level is classified as obesity. Obesity is a complicated disease that develops as a consequence of an interaction between genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors, and it is now more common than malnutrition. Obesity is linked to a number of medical issues, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tumours, respiratory difficulties, and severe orthopaedic ailments which reduce the QOL. Obesity is also linked to postural instability, which is defined as the ability to keep or recover the centre of mass with reference to the support base. Computerized bibliographic databases were used to find journal papers published between 2011 and 2021. Systematic reviews and cross-sectional studies with high levels of evidence were included. There was a total of 30 studies chosen. Following the analysis of the studies, it was discovered that obesity had a negative impact on balance. According to previous research, bodyweight is a powerful predictor of postural equilibrium. Increased postural sway was linked to a higher body mass index (BMI).
Public Health and Medical Responses to the 1957-58 Influenza Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As the U.S. prepares to respond this fall and winter to pandemic (H1N1) 2009, a review of the 1957-58 pandemic of Asian influenza (H2N2) could be useful for planning purposes because of the many similarities between the 2 pandemics. Using historical surveillance reports, published literature, and media coverage, this article provides an overview of the epidemiology of and response to the 1957-58 influenza pandemic in the U.S., during which an estimated 25% of the population became infected with the new pandemic virus strain. While it cannot be predicted with absolute certainty how the H1N1 pandemic might play out in the U.S. this fall, lessons from the 1957-58 influenza pandemic provide useful and practical insights for current planning and response efforts.
CEREBELLAR ATAXIA AFTER MALARIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In May 2008, a 54-year-old man was admitted to a London hospital, having been transferred out of Ghana, for generalized tremors, loss of coordination, and impaired balance for the previous 3 days.

Ten days previously, he had presented to a clinic in Ghana with fever, and falciparum malaria parasites were detected on blood film. He was treated with a 3-day course of Coartem® (artemether-lumefantrine combination). On day 3, his blood film was negative but as he remained symptomatic he was given an additional course of Coartem and Fansidar® (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine combination). The following day he was apyrexial and well enough to return to work. On day 6, he had slight difficulty using his keyboard due to hand tremor and coordination difficulties. By day 9, he had developed arm and leg tremors and was unable to walk. Repeat blood films at this point were negative. He was started on diazepam and thiamine and transferred to London. The patient was …
Effect of new insecticide molecule on insect management and seed quality attributes in maize (Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted at National Seed Project, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during the year 2018-19, to know the effect of new insecticide molecule called chlorantraniliprole on quality attributes in maize inbred line CAL 1443. The experiment was laid out in RCBD, replicated three times with ten treatment combinations, Chlorantraniliprole 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 ml / kg (ST) Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 ml 0.2, 0.3 ml / kg (ST)and spray with chlorpyrifos 2 ml at 45 DAS, Chlorantraniliprole 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 ml / kg (ST)and spray with quinolphos 2 ml at 45 DAS, Control. The results revealed that Chlorantraniliprole 0.3 ml / kg (ST)and spray with quinolphos 2 ml at 45 DAS recorded least per cent leaves damage and highest Seed quality attributesviz, least percent leaves damage at 60 DAS (7.37 %),Seed germination (93.00 %), mean seedling length (33.65 cm), mean seedling dry weight (56.10 mg), seedling vigour index I (3103) and seedling vigour index II (5216) over control (90.33 %,23.40 %, 31.91 cm, 55.41 mg, 2914, 5005 respectively).
Naturally Obtained Zeolites for Drug Delivery Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural zeolites (NZs), hydrated microporous aluminosilicate minerals, stand out among the various types of porous materials. NZs are now widely regarded as the most valuable georesource for high-value technological applications involving ion-exchange processes and the adsorption/release of compounds. Controlled transport and release of functional chemicals at an ideal rate is a major subject for further advancement in modern medical and pharmaceutical research due to their importance in human life. Targeted administration of bioactive preparations, as well as their controlled activation, is expected to shorten treatment times and reduce side effects. The size and homogeneity of NZs, together with increased biocompatibility, have resulted in significant advances in biomolecular transport capability. Among the many non-metallic raw materials accessible, NZs have a wide range of potential applications in health and the environment. NZs should be chosen over synthetic zeolites since synthetic zeolites require a more energy-intensive and expensive chemical process to manufacture. Due to their superior cytotoxicity, excipient activity, protein corona composition, and biological interactions, NZs are used widely for various applications.
AWARENESS APPLICATIONS FOR CONNECTING MOBILE STUDENTS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobility across multiple learning arenas is critical to learning, especially in practice based education. Mobility can however impact negatively on students feeling of being connected to others, with consequences on knowledge sharing and learning. Feeling connected requires awareness of other persons involved in the learning process, as well as awareness of the ongoing learning processes. In this paper we discuss how mobile and ubiquitous awareness applications could be used to promote the feeling of connectedness among students, considering not only social aspects but also pedagogical and intellectual connectedness. We present a scenario where different awareness applications are used to promote different needs of mobile students. The focus in the scenario is on teacher education, as a specific case of practice based education. The scenario is discussed in terms of requirements and is then evaluated. 1.
The Study concerning Differences in Parenting Self-efficacy, Parenting Satisfaction, and Parent's Motivation according to Utilization of Strength in the Mothers with Young Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용 군집유형에 따른 양육효능감, 부모만족, 부모동기 변인 간 관계를 알아보는 연구이다. 이를 위해 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니들에게 설문을 실시하였고, 설문에 충실한 응답 197명을 최종 대상으로 선정하였다. 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 강점활용 정도는 강점활용노력과 강점활용맥락 측면에서 살펴보았고, 양육효능감은 애정, 일상체계조직, 훈육, 놀이, 교육 요인을 측정하였다. 부모역할만족감은 단일요인으로 측정하였고, 부모동기는 외적동기와 내적동기 요인으로 측정하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 첫째, 유아기 자녀 어머니의 강점활용 정도에 따라 세 그룹의 군집유형이 도출되었고, 군집유형의 특징을 고려하여 '강점활용 상위집단', '강점활용 노력집단', '강점활용 하위집단'으로 구분하였다. 둘째, 어머니의 강점활용 군집유형에 따른 양육효능감의 하위요인별 차이를 살펴본 결과, 애정, 일상체계조직, 훈육, 놀이, 교육의 다섯 요인에서 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로 강점활용 군집유형에 따라 어머니의 부모만족감에 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 부모동기 중에는 내적동기 요인에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.