jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from: Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Changing climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. Soil samples were collected weekly from mid-July to mid-September in both control and deep snow plots. Richness of ECM fungi was lower, while saprotrophic fungi was higher in increased snow depth plots relative to controls. [Correction added on 23 September 2016 after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the richness of ECM and saprotrophic fungi were wrongly interchanged and have been fixed in this current version.] ECM fungal richness was related to soil NO3-N, NH4-N, and K; and saprotrophic fungi to NO3-N and pH. Small but significant changes in the composition of saprotrophic fungi could be attributed to snow treatment and sampling time, but not so for the ECM fungi. Delayed snow melt did not influence the temporal variation in fungal communities between the treatments. Results suggest that some fungal species are favored, while others are disfavored resulting in their local extinction due to long-term changes in snow amount. Shifts in species composition of fungal functional groups are likely to affect nutrient cycling, ecosystem respiration, and stored permafrost carbon.
Early vocabulary size in Argentinean toddlers: associations with home literacy and screen media exposure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The objective of the following study was to analyze the associations of caregivers’ literacy practices and beliefs, and children exposure to screen media with lexical density and syntax development during the first three years. A total of 136 primary caregivers of infants between 12 to 40 months of age (M= 26.34, SD = 7.55) were evaluated. The participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, a reading comprehension test, a literacy practices and beliefs survey and the CDI (McArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventory) part II (words and sentences). In addition, children’s daycare attendance was considered. After controlling for age, gender, parent’s education level and daycare attendance, positive attitudes towards literacy and frequency of PC use contributed to CDI vocabulary scores, while shared reading frequency was associated with CDI syntax scores. These results indicate that both parent-child shared reading and PC use provide a context for verbal interaction and joint attention that stimulates language development. Prior State of Knowledge: There are contradictory results about the relations between home literacy, screen media exposure and language development during the first years of life. Also, most of this research has been conducted in WEIRD countries. Novel Contributions: Parents attitudes about reading and shared reading were more important in explaining language development than books quantity, caregiver’s reading comprehension and self-reading practices. Regarding screen exposure, only frequency of PC use was a significant predictor of children’s vocabulary scores. Practical Implications: The positive associations of literacy beliefs, practices and screen times with vocabulary might indicate that both shared reading and screen coviewing provide a context for parent-child joint attention and verbal interaction that promotes word learning.
Management of ectodermal dysplasia: a literature review.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Oral rehabilitation is commonly difficult in cases of ectodermal dysplasia because the affected individuals are quite young when they are evaluated for treatment. Most affected children require extensive dental treatment in order to restore their appearance and help them develop a positive self-image. This article reviews the dental management of the disorder, including its psychosocial aspects and timing of different modalities.
Simulation using Xorbit with EPICS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The accelerator code Xorbit has an interface to the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). This means that machine data such as magnet settings can be sent to Xorbit via EPICS, and the resulting orbit parameters such as beta functions, etc., can be calculated. In addition, Xorbit can be made to simulate the real machine, whether the latter is running or not. To accomplish this for the APS, there is a database of process variables in an IOC corresponding to each APS ring and beamline. These process variables are very similar to the real process variables that read and set power supplies and read monitors, except that when a setting is changed, Xorbit is notified via a callback, calculates a new orbit, and outputs the appropriate readbacks to the database. By attaching the string ``Xorbit:`` to a control name the control system will respond to the simulation rather than the real system. This allows the testing of control algorithms, orbit diagnostics, and many other components of the control system (as well as EPICS itself). It is fast enough to be visually similar to accessing the real system.
Optimization of high-speed CMOS logic circuits with analytical models for signal delay, chip area, and dynamic power dissipation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Signal delay, chip area, and power dissipation are conflicting criteria for designing high-performance VLSI MOS circuits. Global optimization of transistor sizes in digital CMOS logic circuits with the design tool multiobjective gate-level optimization (MOGLO) is described. Analytical models for the design objectives are presented, and algorithms are discussed. Different techniques were combined to solve the circuit optimization problem with low computational costs. Precise gate-level delay models guarantee meaningful results, especially for high-speed logic circuits.< >
Precious metal minerals in the ultrabasites of the Ariadne massif (Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The results of detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies of precious metals from ultrabasic rocks of the Ariadne massif (Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt) are presented. The presence of several varieties of gold has been revealed, differing in different ratios of Ag, Cu and Hg. Isoferroplatin predominates among platinum minerals. The isotopic composition of ultrabasite sulfides corresponds to the mantle source, while basites are characterized by isotope–light sulfur, indicating the possibility of participation in the oreogenesis of crustal rocks. Isotope-carbon analysis of igneous rocks indicates the presence of derivatives of deep fluids and isotope-light biogenic matter of sedimentary rocks in them. These data show that mantle and crustal processes were involved in the formation of ore-bearing intrusions of ultrabasite-basites. The association of ilmenite, gold and platinum in ultrabasic basites, a derivative of these processes, can serve as a search criterion for the detection of industrially promising sources of strategic metals.
The Dual Method (Dye and Ultrasound) for Axillary Mapping in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) remains one of the most important indicators of axillary lymph node status, defining the prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients. The present study was done to map axillary SLN using dual method of intraoperative axillary ultrasound-guided (USG) and methylene blue dye, in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) for locally advanced BC. Methods: A prospective interventional cross-sectional study was conducted on 36 core-needle biopsy-proven cases of locally advanced breast carcinoma (Stage IIb and Stage III) who received NAT. The SLNs as identified by the bluest staining node (dye method) and the node with a needle inserted in it through axillary USG method were dissected and sent for frozen section in normal saline. It was followed by complete axillary dissection and final histopathology reporting. Diagnostic test was used for calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: After NAT, 26/29 patients with pre-NAT staging of N1 and 5/7 patients with pre-NAT staging of N2 showed significant downstaging of the nodal status after NAT ( P < 0.001). We found that the dual method showed similar sensitivity to the dye method and the USG method (94.74%). But, the specificity, PPV, and NPV of the dual method although similar to the dye method (76.47%, 81.82%, and 92.86%, respectively) were lower than that of the USG method (82.35%, 85.71%, and 93.33%, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, dual method (dye and USG) is a good attempt in increasing the SLN detection but it is not a powerful test in the application of avoiding axillary lymph node dissection. The comparable sensitivity but lower specificity in determining the SLN restricts its use, and warrants future studies with contrast-enhanced USG to decrease the false negatives.
The effect of methylprednisolone on the sodium and water content of the dog lung after hemorrhagic shock.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Out of 17 mongrel dogs, 3 were subjected on one and two hours of hemorrhagic shock, while the remaining four served as controls. In five of the thirteen dogs, 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate were administered intravenously one hour after hemorrhage. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment, their lungs were removed and the sodium and water content was measured. The sodium content was found to be markedly increased at the end of two hours of hemorrhagic shock. This increase was prevented significantly by the administration of pharmacological doses of methylprednisolone given at one hour of hemorrhagic shock. No significant change in total lung water was noted, even after two hours of hemorrhagic shock. The results of this study suggest that early intravenous administration of large doses of methylprednisolone may be beneficial to patients in protracted hemorrhagic shock, who are at high risk of developing pulmonary complications.
Interpersonal coordination in communication: Effects of alignment in multiple modalities on objective and subjective task outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Previous research has shown that during interactions, partners adapt to (imitate, synchronize, complement) each other’s behavior: a phenomenon often termed interpersonal coordination. Approaches focusing on shared conceptual space suggested that the presence of synchronous or coordinated behaviors indicates the extent of conceptual alignment and thus, predicts communication success. Here we test this claim.Methods: Pairs of participants solved a computer-mediated communicative task involving verbal negotiation (“Bargaining Game”), while data of head motion, pupil size, and gaze direction were collected, and measures of prosody and structural speech characteristics were extracted from the recorded verbal interactions. Communication success and efficacy were assessed using objective task performance measures and subjective evaluations from the participants.Results: 1) interlocutors coordinated multiple aspects of their behavior, 2) objective measures of task performance were predicted by gaze pattern coordination, and 3) some forms of interpersonal coordination positively affected the participants’ subjective experience of their partner and the interaction.Discussion: The results indicate that interpersonal coordination between interlocutors is prevalent across multiple modalities and it facilitates some aspects of the interaction - although, a mechanistic role of interpersonal coordination in communication was not specifically supported by the data.
Septin Functions in the Mammalian Cytoskeleton

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Septin Interactions with the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton Septin Regulation of Actin, Microtubules and their Crosstalk The Septin Membrane Skeleton Septins and the Cytoskeleton in Human Disease Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Development of Egg Yolk Antibody Specific to the Pancreatic Lipase Domain for Anti-Obesity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Human pancreatic lipase is a digestive enzyme which is synthesized in pancreas, secreted into small intestine, and there hydrolyze the fat in food. Pancreatic lipase protein composes of catalytic domain and colipase-binding domain. In this research, the gene segments corresponding to total protein, catalytic domain, and co lipase-binding domain were cloned by PCR method, inserted into an expression vector, and then used to transform Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant proteins produced were purified and injected intramuscularly three times into laying hens. The egg yolk antibodies (IgY) were obtained from the egg yolks and tested for their antibody titer. Among three IgY, the IgY against colipase-binding domain showed the highest antibody titer. All three IgY had inhibitory effects on the porcine pancreatic lipase. Among them, the IgY against colipase-binding domain showed the highest inhibition effects. The fat diet with corn oil and IgY was administrated to the experimental rats and their blood compositions were examined with time course. The triglyceride concentration of treated rats was decrease meaningfully when compared with those of control rats. This suggested that the IgY against colipase-binding domain antigen inhibited pancreatic lipase in vivo.
Hygiene in Modern Bench-Grafting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long-term investigations and experiments in modern bench-grafting at the Institute for Vine-Breeding and Vine-Grafting of the Hessian Research Institute (Geisenheim, West Germany) are reviewed. Treatment of grafting material with a Chinosol solution (8-hydroxychinol sulfate-potassium sulfate) has proven effective against Botrytis cinerea Pers., Phomopsis viticola Sacc., and other fungus infections and has significantly increased the successful take and rooting of grafts. The factors determining the success of the treatment were shown to be concentration, temperature, and contact period. Found most effective for a prestorage treatment was a concentration of 0.5% and a soaking period of 15 hours at 10-18°C. Grafting material cut to length ahead of time can then be stored in plastic sacks at 1°C in the presence of free water. Chinosol is also effective in treating material freshly cut to proper length as well as one-year-old rooted grafts and cuttings. Hygienic methods of paraffining and callusing are reviewed. Treatment with 0.05% Chinosol solution, as well as a new agent, is recommended. Recent experiments have demonstrated that sterile Perlite is the best material for topping-off the callusing boxes and that it can perhaps eliminate the need for grafting wax. Perlite allows a significant level of light penetration and the young shoots begin their photosynthetic activity earlier.
[Comparison of the kinetics of the response of salivary and plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone to the administration of HCG in men].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) time course response to hCG (5,000 IU) was studied simultaneously in the saliva and the plasma of 12 adult healthy men. In both fluids, 17-OHP was determined by radioimmunossay after chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 columns of diethyl ether extracts. The use of an iodinated tracer has greatly increased the sensitivity of the technique. Baseline levels in plasma and saliva were: 1.0 +/- 0.1 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 24 +/- 2 pg/ml respectively. After hCG, a biphasic pattern was observed in both fluids with a similar early response but the peak elicited at 33 h in plasma was not observed in saliva where the levels were lower than those recorded at 24 h. At 48 h saliva 17-OHP increased again to levels similar to those at 24 h. Thus the 17-OHP pattern in saliva was the mirror image of that found in plasma. Since saliva steroids are believed to reflect the plasma non-protein bound fraction, this difference was assumed to be due to the decrease of the unbound fraction of plasma 17-OHP in the late afternoon as a consequence of the increase of the CBG-bound fraction since at that time cortisol levels are low. Indeed the ratios of saliva to plasma 17-OHP levels were found to be significantly correlated with plasma cortisol levels: r = 0.44 (p less than 0.01; n = 140). Thus the absence of the secondary peak at 33 h may be due to cortisol circadian rhythm. However the similar response in saliva at 24 and at 48 h after hCG was enough important to make reliable the evaluation of the endocrine testicular function so that saliva may be collected instead of plasma in the hCG stimulation test protocol.
Inversion of aerotactic response in Escherichia coli deficient in cheB protein methylesterase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium that were deficient in protein methylesterase activity encoded by cheB had an inverted response to oxygen; they were repelled by concentrations of oxygen that attract wild-type bacteria. Normal responses to oxygen and phosphotransferase substrates were observed in mutants that were deficient in protein methyltransferase (CheR) and the methyl-accepting transducing proteins (Tsr, Tar, Trg). However, the methylation-independent response to oxygen was modified by the loss of esterase activity. The inversion was apparently effected by the amidated Tsr protein present in cheB tsr+ mutants because aerotaxis was normal in cheB tsr strains. Chemotaxis to phosphotransferase sugars was normal in cheB mutants provided the extreme clockwise bias of the flagellar motors was modified to increase the probability of counterclockwise rotation.
The Relevance of Motivations to Wrongdoing for Contributing to Climate Change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper makes progress towards an account of moral wrongdoing for individual contributions to collectively-caused harms and substantial risks of harm, like the harms and risks stemming from climate change. To do so, this paper argues that an agent’s motivations can be relevant to whether an agent’s contribution to a collectively-caused harm or risk is morally wrong. Specifically, this paper argues that an agent’s contribution to a collectively caused harm or risk can be wrong in virtue of her motivations even when she does not intend to contribute to the harm or risk, but rather contributes to the harm or risk as a foreseeable but unintended side-effect of her otherwise good end.
Great war, ethics of Vidovdan, memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Beginning with a characterization of contemporaneity (dominance of the financial sector and high technology, politicization of economy, ideological use of culture and control of the capacity for thought) and a brief analysis of expansionism (political, economic, cultural) on the eve of the Great War, the author embarks on a more detailed description of the spiritual situation in the wake of the Great War: in philosophy, literature, art, as well as the national-political programmatic texts and war propaganda publications of German intellectuals of the time. The continuity of the Austro-Hungarian colonial policy towards the Balkans and Serbia culminates in instigating a preventive war against Serbia by the elites in Berlin and Vienna, which is of importance with regard to the question of responsibility for the war, guided by concrete aims of war in which causes for war are reflected. These war elites wanted to declare the assassination in Sarajevo as the cause of war, which in fact was a political assassination and tyrannicide. The freedom movement of democratic youth, Mlada Bosna (Young Bosnia), needs to be viewed in the European context as inspired by the Serbian tradition of the cult of Kosovo and the ethics of Vidovdan (St Vitus' Day) which speaks both about the victim's sacrifice as sublimation of history and about just suffering as elements of identity. Historical memory suggests that historical responsibility is transgenerational. The epic proportions of Serbian suffering in the Great War have additionally encouraged the positing of the theme of St Vitus' Day Temple (Vidovdanski Hram) as envisaged by Ivan Meštrović. The foundations of this idea were shaken by Miloš Crnjanski who, in his 'Lyrics of Ithaca', succeeds in returning to Vidovdan (St Vitus' Day) the inexhaustible national power of validity. Because of enormous Serbian military and civilian casualties in recent history, the need to establish a Victim's Sacrifice Memorial, in our day has identity and existential, ethical and ontological significance for the Serbian nation.
Figure S2 from <i>In Vivo</i> Epigenetic CRISPR Screen Identifies <i>Asf1a</i> as an Immunotherapeutic Target in <i>Kras</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Quality controls performed to validate the in vivo screening platform</p>
STATUS OF ENDOGENEOUS INTOXICATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this paper, it is shown that the modeling process of bronchial asthma (BA) is accompanied by an increase, in comparison with the control group, of endogenous intoxication (EI) indicators: average mass molecules (ASM) and the erythrocytic index of intoxication in (EII) in guinea pig males on the 4th, 18th, 25th day of experiment. These changes indicate an intensification of the syndrome of the EI under the conditions of the formation of BA.The aim of the study. Determination of some indices of E.I. in the blood of guinea pigs in the modeling process of experimental BA.Material and methods. Experiments were conducted on 40 guinea pigs (males), with body weight 0,25-0,27 kg. Animals were divided into four groups of ten animals in each. Intact guinea pigs were the first group. Animals with experimental BA - the second, third, fourth group respectively on the 4th, 18th, 25th day of the experiment. Experimental bronchial asthma was reproduced by V.I. Babich method. In the blood of intact guinea pigs and animals with experimental BA the content of ASM was determined at a wavelength of 254 nm by the method of I.A. Volchegorsky and co-authors, EII was defined by the method of A. A. Togobayev and co-authors. Statistical methods of processing the results of the study were conducted by the method of variation statistics using Student's criterion.Results and discussions. The results of the studies showed that EI markers increased unidirectionally, depending on the periods of asthma formation. Therefore, in guinea pigs, the levels of ASM and EII were increased in all the days of the experiment.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate significant changes in the EI indices in the blood of experimental animals with BA and are important for understanding the pathogenesis of BA. These studies provide an opportunity to find the more perfect and effective methods of BA diagnostics.
Maggot Therapy for Subacute Mastoiditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a patient with intractable subacute mastoiditis who was treated successfully by maggot therapy. Maggot debridement of intractable wounds was very successful before the introduction of antibiotics. We describe the indications for use, materials and methods for the rearing of sterile larvae, the modes of action, and the complications of maggot debridement.