jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Benzo(A) Pyrene Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel on P170 Glycoprotein

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

B(a)P is a mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic substance. Paclitaxel and doxorubicin are antineoplastic drugs widely used in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of doxorubicin and paclitaxel on p170 glycoprotein in rat liver and kidney tissue after administration of B(a)P. As is well known, p170 glycoprotein is an indicator of drug resistance. We hypothesized that a combination of these antineoplastic drugs would cause lower p170 levels and thus would have a stronger effect than single drug administration. For confirmation, a combination of drugs was used to prevent the development of drug resistance. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were selected from a group 3-4 months of age. After administration of BaP and subsequently single or combined antineoplastic drugs, rats were sacrificed and their liver and kidney tissues were removed. Immunohistochemical analyses for p170 glycoproteins were performed on tissue samples. Excessive staining (4+) was noted in groups which received single drug therapy; the lowest staining (1+) was noted in groups which received combined drug therapy. Since the p170 level in the tissues increased when single antineoplastic drugs was administered, and it decreased when a combination of the two drugs (doxorubicin and paclitaxel) was given, it is our conclusion that a combined use of these drugs offers greater benefits in the treatment of carcinogenic diseases.
Cucurbita sp. SGB13772

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cucurbita sp.
Common name(s): Pumpkin, Squash, Pumkin
Conserved by: SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SRGB), Zambia
Local sample unique identifier: SGB13772
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2007-11-14
Other identifiers: n/a,SGB071113772
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
Introduction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The vast majority of the research on cyberbullying has focused on children and adolescents in middle school or high school and has demonstrated strong links with both internalizing problems (such as anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation) and externalizing problems (such as aggression, suspensions from school, and drug and alcohol use). Whereas less research has been conducted on cyberbullying among working adults or romantic partners, the existing findings seem to indicate that electronic mistreatment is also prevalent in these other contexts, and it is associated with a host of negative outcomes for individuals and organizations. To date, however, no efforts have been made to bring together this research across contexts, age groups, and cultures to gain a fuller perspective of the impact of cyberbullying and similar forms of electronic mistreatment. The current edited book aims to take the first step to fill this gap in the research by reviewing the many contexts (e.g., school, workplace, and romantic relationships) and lenses (cross-culture and developmental) through which cyberbullying research can be viewed. In the first chapter, we provide an overview of research on cyberbullying, including discussion of issues with defining cyberbullying. We also provide a narrative introduction to the remaining chapters in the rest of the book.
Thermogelling Poly(caprolactone-b-ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) Aqueous Solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Poly(caprolactone-b-ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) (PCL−PEG−PCL) triblock copolymer aqueous solution (>15 wt %) undergoes the sol−gel−sol transition as the temperature increases from 10 to 60 °C. The mechanism and structure−property relationship of the sol−gel transition were investigated. In particular, compared with the PEG−PCL−PEG triblock copolymers recently reported by our group, PCL−PEG−PCL has (1) a synthetic advantage without a hexamethylene diisocyanate coupling step, (2) a wider gel window of over 15−32 wt %, and (3) a larger gel modulus. Both PEG−PCL−PEG and PCL−PEG−PCL polymers are an important progress in the biodegradable thermogelling system in that they can be lyophilized in a powder form, are easy to handle, are easy to redissolve to a clear solution, and show little syneresis through the gel phase.
Morphological and scanning electron microscopic study of the gonadal arterioles in the Tibetan sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract This research aimed at revealing the structural features of Tibetan sheep's testicular and ovarian vasculature and providing theoretical basis for Tibetan sheep's physiological adaptability in plateau and low‐oxygen environments. Through scanning electron microscopy, corrosion casts of the feature of the gonad arterioles were observed and analysed. The results of this study found that centrifugal arteries, centrifugal and centripetal arterioles were distributed in a ‘dendritic’ fashion in the testis lobule, the ovarian arteries and arterioles, which had a spiral shape. Testicular Tibetan Sheep knot‐like artery had a denser spiral structure, and there were more branches in the microarteries. On the testis lobule and arteriole of caput epididymidis, the arteriole surface shows the ‘fusiform’ indentation to be more shallower. The ovarian artery had a higher degree of helix; its surface was distributed like a ‘bark‐like’ indentation; and the ring was narrower and denser. Nevertheless, the arteriole network had a high concentration and a wide number of branches, as that of the ovarian arteriole network which had more end branches, the surface of the arterioles of ovaries and testicles was scarred and denser. The studies indicate that the structural features of testicular lobule, epididymal arterioles and ovarian arterioles are more conducive to increase the oxygen supply to the gonads tissue and controlling blood flow velocity and metabolism to respond to high altitudes and low‐oxygen environments.
The Rise of the Social in Entrepreneurial Activities in National and International Contexts: A Clarification of Terms in the Development of a New Conceptual Framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In examining the ‘social’ in entrepreneurial activities in national and international contexts our focus is on social innovation and business enterprise. Attention is given to what we understand by ‘social’ in entrepreneurial behaviours, innovation and change and the importance of social capital and social networks to understanding the dynamics that drive social innovation within the enterprise. Our social focus takes us on a conceptual journey in examining the meaning and import of social innovation, social capital, social networks and social enterprise. The rise in the import and media attention to social business within the international arena and the growing call for a social-orientation among business practitioners from small to medium enterprises to larger multi-national enterprises has promoted dialogue and debate about social processes that have also brought in its wake a certain amount of confusion and obfuscation. We set out to clarify this growing range of socially-oriented terms and identify the relationships between these concepts with the aim of extending knowledge in this emergent field. A key objective is to build a robust conceptual framework that informs our understanding of these complex relationships and provides a platform for further debate and research.
Chapter One. The Historical And Intellectual Background

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the absence of a direct means of identifying the outstanding problems that engaged the minds of those prominent in public life, we can but turn to the ideas and protests voiced in those of their utterances that have been preserved. The three responses of Dong Zhongshu of perhaps 134 BCE,3 and some of his other writings, suggest that he was aware of at least some of these problems. The governments of Qin and of the first century of Han had striven to co-ordinate and control the work of the population; a move to leave the people to work without restrictions was now being voiced. The memorials of officials and the texts of imperial edicts reveal not only the incidence of dynastic rivalries and disputes, but also the promotion of different measures to govern the empire, the adoption of different intellectual concepts and a trust in different religious beliefs.Keywords: Dong Zhongshu; dynastic rivalries; Han; Qin
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis from Infection with Epstein–Barr Virus in a Previously Healthy Child: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acute cholecystitis is the acute inflammation of the gallbladder. In adults it is most frequently caused by a gallstone(s) obstructing outflow from the cystic duct, leading to gallbladder distention and edema with eventual development of biliary stasis and bacterial overgrowth, often requiring operative management. However, in children acalculous cholecystitis is more common and is often the result of an infectious process. Case Report: Here we present a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus in an otherwise healthy three-year-old male. Conclusion: Acalculous cholecystitis is an uncommon but potentially significant complication of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pediatric population. Emergency providers should consider this diagnosis in any child being evaluated for EBV with the complaint of abdominal pain.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Menggunakakn Aplikasi Adobe Animate Kelas VII Di SMP Negeri 3 Gorontalo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop interactive learning media for English subjects for grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Gorontalo using the Adobe Animate application. The research method used is Research and Development (RD) with the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The Analysis stage involves observation and interviews to identify the needs and problems faced by students and teachers in learning English. At the Design stage, learning media are designed by considering aspects of interactivity and ease of use. The Development stage produces interactive learning media products which are then tested through alpha and beta tests to obtain feedback from experts and users. Implementation was carried out in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Gorontalo to test the effectiveness of the media in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes. The results of the study showed that interactive learning media based on Adobe Animate was effective in improving students' understanding of English comic dialogue material, as well as increasing students' motivation and interest in learning. This media also helps teachers in delivering material in a more interesting and interactive way. Thus, the development of this interactive learning media is expected to be an innovative solution in learning English at the junior high school level.
Optical Pyrometer Temperature Measurements Through Different Atmospheres

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

infrared ratio pyrometer system for measuring gasifier reaction chamber temperature. This system has a faster response time than both methane and thermocouples, and has been demonstrated to provide reliable temperature measurements for longer periods of time when compared to thermocouples installed in the same MTC gasifier. In addition, the system can be applied to commercial gasifiers without any significant scale-up issues. The major equipment items, the purge system, and the safety shutdown system in a commercial plant are essentially identical to the prototypes at MTC. The desired result of this DOE program is ''a bench-scale prototype, either assembled or with critical components (laboratory) tested in a convincing manner.'' The prototype of the pyrometer system (including gasifier optical access port) that was designed, assembled and tested for this program, has had previous prototypes that have been built and successfully tested under actual coal and coke gasification conditions in three pilot units at MTC. It was the intent of the work performed under the auspices of this program to review and update the existing design, and to fabricate and bench test an updated system that can be field tested in one or more commercial gasifiers during a follow on phase of this program. For all intents and purposes, the development, bench testing and pilot unit testing of this temperature measurement system has already been done, and was mostly a matter of getting the hardware ready for a commercial field test. The benefits of field-testing are (1) Texaco will gain long-term commercial operating experience and (2) commercial gasifier operators will gain confidence that this system can perform reliably under true commercial plant conditions. This work was performed by Texaco at its Montebello Technology Center in South El Monte, California.
Abstract B043: Mithramycin-SA analogues with reduced toxicity for the treatment of ETS transcription factor-driven tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Chromosomal translocations involving the ETS family of transcription factors are common in Ewing sarcoma, prostate cancer, and leukemia. These translocations lead in overexpression of aberrant ETS transcription factors, which drive tumorigenesis. Mithramycin (MTM) inhibits EWS-FLI1, the most common ETS-related transcription factor in Ewing sarcoma, presumably through interference at its DNA binding sites on promoter regions. However, MTM has a narrow therapeutic window marked by severe liver and hematologic toxicities. These are likely the result of interference with the ubiquitously expressed SP1 transcription factor. Here, we sought to develop analogues with specificity toward ETS transcription factors and reduced interaction with SP1. Methods: Using MTM-SA and semisynthetic approaches a series of analogues were obtained. To determine specificity toward cells expressing ETS-related chromosomal translocations, MTM-SA analogues were screened for growth inhibition in a panel of Ewing sarcoma cell lines (n=8), all expressing EWS-ETS translocations, and compared to a panel of non-Ewing cell lines (n=9) that do not express these translocations. Luciferase reporter constructs were developed to evaluate interference with EWS-FLI1 and SP1 regulated genes following MTM-SA analogue treatment. Select analogues were tested in vivo to identify the maximum tolerated dose and determine pharmacokinetics (PK). Results: In growth inhibition assays, several MTM-SA analogues resulted in &gt; 10-fold specificity toward Ewing sarcoma cell lines vs. MTM. Luciferase reporter assays identified two analogues, MTM-SA-Tryptophan-A2 and MTM-SA-Tryptophan-A10, with 10-fold reduced inhibition of SP1 but similar inhibition of EWS-FLI1, as compared to MTM. Additionally, MTM-SA-Phe analogue has lower toxicity, despite longer plasma half-life. Conclusion: These data show that MTM-SA analogues are cytotoxic against tumor cell lines expressing aberrant ETS transcription factors. Further, their reduced interference with the ubiquitously expressed SP1 transcription factor, as well as their improved PK, may result in a wider therapeutic window. Citation Format: Markos Leggas, Joseph Eckenrode, Prithiba Mitra, Amit Jha, Shaimaa Salem, Abhisek Mandal, Jon Thorson, Jurgen Rohr. Mithramycin-SA analogues with reduced toxicity for the treatment of ETS transcription factor-driven tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B043.
MEASURING GENE EXPRESSION OF THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT GLUTENINS IN 'CHINESE SPRING' WHEAT USING RT-PCR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin genes, located on the group 1L chromosome arms, are a major determinant for baking quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We previously identified chromosome regions influencing the expression of the HMW glutenins at the protein level (Wanous et al., 2003. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:213-220). Now we have extended this analysis to expression of these genes at the transcriptional level using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primers and protocols for PCR amplification of the HMW glutenin genes were designed. The amplified products ranged in size from 175 to 409 bp and targeted transcribed segments of the genes, making them well suited to gene expression studies utilizing RT-PCR. For Glu-B1-1, Glu-B1-2, and Glu-D1-2, primers were designed from sequences in Genbank, available on the NCBI website, using Lasergene MegAlign software (DNASTAR) to find differences between the HMW glutenin genes, and Lasergene PrimerSelect software to design the primers. The Glu-D1-1 primer sequences were obtained from D’Ovidio et al. (1995). The primers and PCR protocols designed for each HMW glutenin gene were transferred to a Smart Cycler® II (Cepheid) instrument and optimized for RT-PCR. RNA was isolated from wheat endosperm for gene expression analysis using RT-PCR.
Nonindependence and sensitivity analyses in ecological and evolutionary meta‐analyses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Meta‐analysis is an important tool for synthesizing research on a variety of topics in ecology and evolution, including molecular ecology, but can be susceptible to nonindependence. Nonindependence can affect two major interrelated components of a meta‐analysis: (i) the calculation of effect size statistics and (ii) the estimation of overall meta‐analytic estimates and their uncertainty. While some solutions to nonindependence exist at the statistical analysis stages, there is little advice on what to do when complex analyses are not possible, or when studies with nonindependent experimental designs exist in the data. Here we argue that exploring the effects of procedural decisions in a meta‐analysis (e.g. inclusion of different quality data, choice of effect size) and statistical assumptions (e.g. assuming no phylogenetic covariance) using sensitivity analyses are extremely important in assessing the impact of nonindependence. Sensitivity analyses can provide greater confidence in results and highlight important limitations of empirical work (e.g. impact of study design on overall effects). Despite their importance, sensitivity analyses are seldom applied to problems of nonindependence. To encourage better practice for dealing with nonindependence in meta‐analytic studies, we present accessible examples demonstrating the impact that ignoring nonindependence can have on meta‐analytic estimates. We also provide pragmatic solutions for dealing with nonindependent study designs, and for analysing dependent effect sizes. Additionally, we offer reporting guidelines that will facilitate disclosure of the sources of nonindependence in meta‐analyses, leading to greater transparency and more robust conclusions.
Merry Wanderers of the Night: Fairies and Folklore in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest abound with supernatural beings of various kinds, which contribute differently to each play's unique, but constant ambivalence towards the potency of art and romantic love. The Introduction to this thesis defines the major characteristics of such supernatural beings, especially fairies, profiles the evolution of fairy belief in the sixteenth century, and finally summarizes their cosmological rank within the Renaissance world view. A brief survey of the sociological function of fairies is also employed in an attempt to delineate at least the more important elements of folkloric tradition, which Shakespeare borrows and modifies for his own ends. Chapter one focuses on the role of fairies as comic chorus in the Dream. Fairies underpin the work's essentially subversive aspect, because they suggest the transitory and tentative emotional satisfaction that the world of Petrarchan art and romantic love affords. Shakespeare effortlessly consolidates what seems to be insoluble material. The familiar Renaissance confidence in the irrefutable power of art and love is present, even while the play simultaneously insinuates a concern for the illusion wrought by fairies. The next chapter introduces the alternative view of intervention by spirits depicted in The Tempest. The analysis turns towards how Ariel inverts Puck's role as a typically disruptive force, and gives special emphasis to the generic differences between these elementals. Ariel serves a far more complicated function as Prospero's often reluctant, but very effective preternatural stage-hand, than Puck does as Oberon's "jester." Ariel is instrumental in conjuring up the "theatrical moment," which the play ultimately calls into question, by virtue of his own metaphorical status as the "moment" itself, seeking escape. The final chapter marks the contributions made by fairies to Shakespeare's exploration of the capabilities and dynamics of theatre. These plays seem to embody two tangible extremes. The Dream violates the established rules and classical unities of the theatre, by interposing multiple perspectives in an ironic way. Fairies serve as perfect subjects for Shakespeare, then, in his bid to redefine the barriers between the reality and fantasy of the stage. Conversely, The Tempest embraces, celebrates and objectifies theatre at every possible opportunity. Conventional modes such as the masque are used to create a sense of pageantry, while Prospero constantly invokes Ariel to produce spectacular visual displays and special effects.
A large cooling capacity single stage coaxial pulse tube cooler

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CEA/SBT has a long experience in Pulse Tube Coolers (PTC) development. In the framework of the Brite Euram Program READY, for an HTS transformer demonstrator designed by Schneider Electric, a specific large cooling power single stage coaxial PTC has been designed, manufactured and successfully tested in partnership between CEA/SBT and Air Liquide. The performance requirement was 65 W between 50 K and 77 K. The prototype, associated with a 6 kW Gifford McMohan compression unit, has demonstrated the following performance: an ultimate temperature of 30 K, and typical heat lift of 40 W @40 K, 80 W @60 K and 100 W @80 K were achieved. This particular prototype featured a stainless-steel mesh regenerator: the introduction of lead shot would further increase the cooling capacity below 50 K. The original design and performance of this prototype are presented. A scaled down version of this coaxial PTC is currently under development for an HTS NMR probe cooling at 65 K (more than 20 W).