jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen profile measurement of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O<inf>3</inf> capacitor with conductive electrode after hydrogen annealing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We fabricated ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PLZT) capacitors with Pt, Al:ZnO, or Sn:In 2 O 3 top electrodes. The remnant polarization decreased for these PLZT capacitors after forming gas (3%H 2 /balance N 2 ) annealing at 200°C and 1 Torr, especially for PLZT capacitor with Pt top electrodes due to the catalytic effect of Pt. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profile showed that the hydrogen content in PLZT thin films with Pt top electrode increased ca. 2.7 times after forming gas annealing compared with ca. 1.2 times with other electrodes.
SENSORY SPECIFIC SATIETY IN LEMONADE USING A JUST RIGHT SCALE FOR SWEETNESS1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Lemonade samples varying in sucrose concentration (4‐15%) were evaluated by either a sip procedure (subjects tasted 10 mL samples) or a drink procedure (subjects consumed 60 mL samples) using a “just right” scale. The order of tasting the four lemonade samples was also balanced among subjects. Neither the amount of lemonade consumed during the test nor the sex of the subjects had an effect on the scores assigned to the samples or the just right sucrose concentration determined by linear regressions. The less pleasant samples (those scored farther from the just right point) showed sensory specific satiety evidenced by a shift away from the just right point on repeated tasting. Samples rated more pleasant or closer to the just right point did not show evidence of sensory specific satiety.
Old ideas in a new setting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses and compares two concepts of text and modes of interpretation: the postmodern and the rabbinic. The primary focus is on this phenomenon which we call literary postmodernism which has been discussed, criticized and praised, from an increasing number of perspectives over the past few decades&&but which we still, for various reasons, cannot quite define. It is generally regarded as an undermining of the conventions of our literary tradition, and perceived as an innovation in modern culture&&though we still disagree about when it began and certainly about where it is taking us. It is often presented as a new way of looking at narrative mechanisms which have been forgotten or suppressed in out literary canon. My proposition, however, is that the postmodern phenomenon is not a new way of reading and writing: It is a way of seeing which in several respects resembles ancient rabbinic modes of interpretation so closely that we may begin to consider it as old ideas in a new setting.
[Usefulness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. II. Comparison of the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on reno-scintigraphic curves with DTPA in patients with essential and renovascular hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on renoscintigraphic curves using DTPA as a tracer in patients with essential (EH) and renovascular (RVH) hypertension. Twenty four patients with EH and sixteen with RVH were studied. Protocol consisted of control renoscintigraphy with DTPA and the second one after captopril administration in dose 25 mg performed after three days. Relative DTPA uptake of the single kidney was calculated from the curve time-activity between 120 and 180 second after tracer administration. Results were expressed as a quotient of the relative DTPA uptake of ischemic or "weaker" kidney to the DTPA uptake of both kidneys (coefficient A) or contralateral one (coefficient B). Coefficient A in basic renoscintigraphy did not differ in patients with EH and RVH and was 45.81 +/- 3.02% and 44.66 +/- 6.17% respectively. In renoscintigraphy with captopril coefficient A decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in patients with RVH and was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in patients with EH. Change (delta) of coefficient B after captopril was significantly higher in patients with RVH (p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between delta coefficient A and delta diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressure as well as delta plasma renin activity (PRA) after captopril in patients with RVH. Similarly, relationships were shown between percentage change (% delta) of coefficient B and % delta of systolic (SAP), DAP and MAP as well as delta PRA after captopril in patients with RVH.
If it looks, retweets and follows like a troll; Is it a troll?: Targeting the 2021 Ecuadorian Presidential Elections Trolls

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Election times are commonly the scenes of massive political thoughts shared online. However, how reliable are all those opinions?. This work presents five traits of suspicious accounts that actively participated during the Ecuadorian presidential elections of 2021, and were exposed after analyzing the sentiment of 1,302,388 tweets.
Signal classification using global dynamical models, Part II: SONAR data analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Part I of this paper, we described a numerical method for nonlinear signal detection and classification which made use of techniques borrowed from dynamical systems theory. Here in Part II of the paper, we will describe an example of data analysis using this method, for data consisting of open ocean acoustic (SONAR) recordings of marine mammal transients, supplied from NUWC sources. The purpose here is two‐fold: first to give a more operational description of the technique and provide rules‐of‐thumb for parameter choices; and second to discuss some new issues raised by the analysis of non‐ideal (real‐world) data sets. The particular data set considered here is quite non‐stationary, relatively noisy, is not clearly localized in the background, and as such provides a difficult challenge for most detection/classification schemes.
Investigation of the unsteady pressure fluctuation mechanism in a regenerative flow pump based on proper orthogonal decomposition

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The regenerative flow pump (RFP) derives its name from the circular flow pattern akin to a vortex. However, the presence of numerous vortices results in highly turbulent flow and pressure fluctuation. This study delves into the characteristics of the internal unsteady flow in two distinct RFP models featuring different blade shapes. Numerical simulations are employed to obtain the pressure field, which is subsequently scrutinized using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The results show that the average pressure in the peripheral direction undergoes minimal variation during the flow developing stage, experiences a sharp increase in the fully developed stage, and finally exhibits substantial changes in the stripper. The transient pressure in the time domain fluctuates periodically, and the dominant blade passing frequency in the frequency domain demonstrates a similar trend along the circumferential direction as the average pressure. Moreover, the fluctuating intensity of pressure diminishes along the impeller's rotating direction but intensifies significantly in the stripper. Comparative analysis indicates that the exchange intensity is influenced by the flow at different developmental stages, and the exchange flow conditions could reflect the fluctuating intensity. Furthermore, the study reveals that the frequency amplitude of the time coefficient gradually decreases as the mode order increases. The first and second modes exhibit a gradually changing trend associated with pressure increase patterns, whereas the third and fourth modes highlight the emergence of localized modulation phenomena linked to exchange flow. Thus, the POD method offers a unique perspective for comprehending the flow mechanisms within RFPs.
Analysis of the oscillation frequency and waveform amplitude for a high-frequency differential ring oscillator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the oscillation frequency and waveform amplitude of a high frequency differential ring oscillator are analyzed and derived with a new platform. The obtained equations describe the nonlinear dependence of amplitude and frequency on the tail current, number of delay cell stages, and transistor sizes. The accuracies of the obtained equations are verified by the Cadence Spectre simulation results and experimental data. Compared with currently available expressions, the obtained equations show significantly improved accuracies; therefore they can be used to guide and facilitate high frequency differential oscillator design in submicron CMOS technology. The derivation platform can also be used to analyze other ring oscillator topologies.
Open Access Validation of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory multiple myeloma module

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The symptom burden associated with multiple myeloma (MM) is often severe. Presently, no instrument comprehensively assesses disease-related and treatment-related symptoms in patients with MM. We sought to validate a module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) developed specifically for patients with MM (MDASI-MM). Methods: The MDASI-MM was developed with clinician input, cognitive debriefing, and literature review, and administered to 132 patients undergoing induction chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. We demonstrated the MDASI-MM’s reliability (Cronbach α values); criterion validity (item and subscale correlations between the MDASI-MM and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC MM module (QLQ-MY20)), and construct validity (differences between groups by performance status). Ratings from transplant patients were examined to demonstrate the MDASI-MM’s sensitivity in detecting the acute worsening of symptoms post-transplantation. Results: The MDASI-MM demonstrated excellent correlations with subscales of the 2 EORTC instruments, strong ability to distinguish clinically different patient groups, high sensitivity in detecting change in patients ’ performance status, and high reliability. Cognitive debriefing confirmed that the MDASI-MM encompasses the breadth of symptoms relevant to patients with MM. Conclusion: The MDASI-MM is a valid, reliable, comprehensive-yet-concise tool that is recommended as a uniform symptom assessment instrument for patients with MM.
Effect of aflatoxin B1 on phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway during regeneration of liver cells following partial hepatectomy.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) when administered to partially hepatectomised rats 4 hr prior to sacrifice, activated the signalling pathway in regenerating rat liver. The activity of phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase was found decreased at 30 min but increased at 24 hr and returned to normal at 48 hr. At 30 min, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) level increased significantly whereas diacylglycerol (DAG) level dropped. However, at 24 hr and 48 hr, DAG and IP3 showed the same trend i.e. an increase in their levels. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate levels were found to increase at 24 hr. Protein kinase C (PKC), activity from the particulate fraction was significantly inhibited at 30 min, followed by increase in activity at 24 hr and return to normal at 48 hr. Cytosolic PKC showed a decrease at 24 hr and a significant increase at 48 hr. At the peak of DNA synthesis (24 hr) following partial hepatectomy, all these signalling steps had earlier been found to be inhibited, but the present study shows that aflatoxin B1 administration 4 hr prior to sacrifice reverses the action. Activation of PKC by aflatoxin B1, during regeneration of liver cells when PKC in normally inhibited, may possibly create conditions conducive to carcinogenesis.
Optimization problem formulation framework with application to engineering systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Engineering systems require considering technical, social, economic, and environmental issues on a large and interconnected scale. Addressing engineering systems problems challenges the limits of analytic methods; this paper focuses on optimization as the method. Traditional normative optimization addresses objective trade‐off issues by quantifying the relationships among decision‐maker choices and system performance. Engineering systems can present options and trade‐offs that are outside traditional analysis boundaries and often require different domain expertise. The usual response is to expand the frame of analysis, relying on expert heuristic rules of thumb to make the task manageable. However, these heuristics can create irrelevant constraints, lead to cognitive biases, or result in unnecessarily suboptimal solutions. This paper presents an initial framework to encourage explicit examination of decisions made when framing and formulating an engineering systems‐relevant optimization problem. This includes consciously determining when to keep heuristics for efficiency and when to replace them with a more normative approach. The paper provides two examples that use optimization in two different roles. The first uses an optimization problem in a simulation tool that predicts future CO 2 emissions from commercial aviation for scenarios with different technology and economic inputs. The second example is based on an actively controlled wind turbine and demonstrates how a reasonable‐seeming heuristic for defining the objective can lead to a result that is suboptimal in terms of the true system performance objective. These examples demonstrate the explicit examination of the framing and formulation to achieve a good combination of normative and heuristic approaches.
Application and evaluation of the MM5 model to forecast precipitation and temperature in Chihuahua, Mexico

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

En Chihuahua no existe un modelo local que permita pronosticar a corto plazo las posibilidades extremas de lluvia y temperatura, que considere los procesos atmosfericos de meso-escala. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y probar la eficiencia del modelo MM5 para predecir condiciones extremas de temperatura y lluvia en Chihuahua. Se integro un sistema de pronostico que opera en una estacion de trabajo donde se pueden generar mapas de pronostico de lluvia y temperatura cada hora, hasta por dos dias, para todo el estado de Chihuahua sobre una malla con resolucion de 8 km. Las pruebas visuales muestran que el MM5 acierta en mas del 90% de los eventos pluviometricos y puede estimar correctamente la lamina de lluvia y las temperaturas extremas en alrededor del 80% de los pronosticos. Para lluvia, el modelo puede subestimar en la region de planicies y valles de Chihuahua y predecir correctamente en la zona serrana; en tanto que para temperaturas maxima y minima (respectivamente medidas a las 15:00 y 7:00), en general sobreestima entre 0.75 y 2.14°C. Las pruebas estadisticas de eficiencia del modelo para pronostico de lluvia y temperaturas extremas, muestran valores significativos para poderlo utilizar con alto grado de confianza en Chihuahua (valores de eficiencia del modelo superiores a 0.57).
An infant with yellow skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 1-year-old boy was referred with a history of yellowish tinge to the skin over the past few months. Parents were worried that he was jaundiced. On examination he had striking yellow-orange discolouration of palms, feet (fig 1), soles, knees and nasolabial folds. The sclera was white. Systemic examination was unremarkable. Parents revealed that he …
Modulation of the inflammatory response in severe sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the future, an increasing number of patients with severe infection should benefit from several new therapies which make use of biological response modifiers. However, the complexity of these new therapies demands an exhaustive knowledge of their mode of action, biological repurcussions and pharmaceutical design in order to assess their clinical potential. This text provides a review of recent progress in anti-cytokine, anti-endotoxin, anti-neutrophil and anti-arachidonic therapies. It includes an overview of the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms involved as well as an update of current experience with human clinical trials.
Recent Developments in Microparticle Image Velocimetry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In finite-element method, the domain is broken into a set of discrete volumes or finite elements. Finite-difference methodis the oldest method for numerical solution of PDEs, introduced by Euler in the eighteenth century. Finite-volume method (FVM) was originally developed as a special finite-difference formulation in a conservative form, where the entire solution domain was divided into a number of control volumes. An analytical solution may be possible only for some simplified cases. FVM begins with a formal integration of the governing equations of fluid flow over all the control volumes of the solution domain. For numerical stability and to yield realistic solutions, there are certain rules to be followed for discretization. The linear framework of discretization allows standard solution techniques for a system of linear equations. The success of a discretization scheme in obtaining an "acceptable solution" is often qualified with the aid of performance parameters such as consistency, stability, and convergence.
Root organization and gene expression patterns

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New tools of microscopy, molecular biology, and genetics are making it possible for biologists to study roots with new vigour. Such investigations have enabled plant biologists to notice the symmetry, pattern, and simplicity of root structures so that there is now an exciting rebirth in the study of roots. The literature of root biology, development and structure is vast. In this short review we will concentrate on describing our notion of how roots are organized structurally, and then discuss what is known about tissue- and zone-specific gene expression in roots.
Project Care: The Effect Of Enrichment Of Academic Impact Skills On Academic Performance Improvement (Api) For Stem Careers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Critical and Analytical Reasoning Enrichment (CARE) program under the Pitt Engineering Access Program (PECAP) identified analytical skill deficiency and motivation for mathematics and science courses at the pre-college level as major causes of the poor preparation and low enrollment of students from the under-represented groups into science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.The Project CARE strategy of the solution of the identified problem is based on four fundamental premises: (1) enrichment of the Academic Performance Improvement (API) skills -critical thinking, analytical reasoning, quantitative literacy, and problem solving skills will minimize the barriers that hinder students' performance and attraction to STEM careers, (2) use of collaborative learning ( such as learning-by-design using engineering projects, hands-on-science and engineering, and technology) contribute to students' motivation and interest in STEM careers, (3) enrichment of API skills to prepare students for science and engineering should begin earlier, during the middle and high school grades, and (4) support services for these students must also continue through college until STEM degree completion.The project defines Academic Performance Improvement (API) skills index as the difference between the pre and post tests results.The three-year pilot program overwhelmingly indicates that CARE was 65% effective in preparing high school students for college level math and science instructions, as well as enriching their Academic Improvement skills and ability to excel in their senior year of high school.CARE contributed to 86% educational growth and 35% academic performance improvement among those students who scored lowest on the pre-test compared to 25% improvement among those that scored highest in the pre-test.Project CARE resulted in a systemic change in the way students are given access to an engineering career.The lessons learned in the course of the three program years are also discussed in details.
Computer aided simulation of metal flows in non‐axisymmetric extrusions through bridge dies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A computer aided simulation technique based on the upper bound theorem is developed in order to analyse three‐dimensional metal flows of workpieces in various extrusion processes. The developed method is applied to simulations of forward extrusions of tubes through bridge dies. The effects of die geometry on extrusion pressure, geometries of dead zone and plastic zone and three‐dimensional flow of workpiece are calculated. The results are compared with experimental measurments and fairly good agreement between them is found.
Allergy to house dust mite in childhood asthma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

treatment) need attention if these are to be used fully in education and research.The method follows most easily where problem-oriented medical records are in use,) since the change of thinking in a problem-oriented approach will have occurred already.In essence, the complex of sigIls, symptoms, and investigations is broken down into "problems," which may or may not be solved by clinical diagnoses.These data are transferred in the form of a necropsy request, from which the pathologist forms his or her own problem list.The necropsy examination is then oriented towards solving the problems posed-which at a basic level may take the form of confirming or refuting clinical diagnoses -and adding the additional perhaps unexpected findings as further problems, whose solution may or may not be apparent.Medical audit is most effective when errors and omissions are brought to the attention of the clinician in such a way that his future performance is modified.Problem-oriented necropsies can help to close the feedback loop and monitor the effects of audit, and their use is to be encouraged.
Enhancing sugar beet storage quality through N fertilization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Table 1. For 2007-08 and 2008-09 storage season, the impact of N rate and storage date on sugar beet quality*. N Applied (lb N/ac) Weight loss (%) Purity (%) Sugar (%) R-NH2 AminoN RWST RWSA Selling price ($ t) Payout ($ ha) 0 4.1 a 95.9 a 20.5 a 103 c 5.9 c 307 a 27864 a 43.4 a 3213 a 50 3.9 a 95.9 a 20.5 a 109 c 6.3 c 305 a 28168 a 43.3 a 3255 a 100 3.7 a 95.6 ab 20.3 ab 120 bc 6.9 bc 301 ab 29219 ab 42.6 ab 3372 abc 150 4.2 a 95.0 b 19.7 bc 136 ab 8.1 ab 288 bc 28729 c 40.9 bc 3611 c 200 3.6 a 95.3 ab 19.7 bc 150 a 9.2 a 289 bc 30669 bc 41.0 bc 3524 bc 75+75 3.3 a 95.1 b 19.2 c 160 a 9.7 a 282 c 28582 a 40.0 c 3285 ab 50+50 3.3 a 95.9 a 20.1 ab 123 bc 7.3 bc 300 ab 29322 abc 42.5 ab 3381 abc
Oscott in Oxford—Lost Opportunity or Misguided Pipe Dream?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The lifting of the ban on the attendance of Catholics at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in 1895, although intended primarily for laymen, was soon extended and led to the establishment of St. Edmund's House, Cambridge, for the secular (diocesan) clergy and the opening of houses of study at Oxford for the Jesuits (1896) and Benedictines (1897). Many bishops, however, remained ambivalent in their attitude to these developments, fearing that secular universities were a danger to the faith and morals of Catholics, and insisted that laymen should be obliged to attend extra lectures or conferences in which ‘Philosophy, History, and Religion shall be treated with such amplitude and solidity as to furnish effectual protection against false and erroneous teaching’.