jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the t-channel single top quark production cross section

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The D0 Collaboration reports direct evidence for electroweak production of single top quarks through the t-channel exchange of a virtual W boson. This is the first analysis to isolate an individual single top quark production channel. We select events containing an isolated electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and two, three or four jets from 2.3 fb−1 of pp¯ collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. One or two of the jets are identified as containing a b hadron. We combine three multivariate techniques optimized for the t-channel process to measure the t- and s-channel cross sections simultaneously. We measure cross sections of 3.14−0.80+0.94pb for the t-channel and 1.05±0.81pb for the s-channel. The measured t-channel result is found to have a significance of 4.8 standard deviations and is consistent with the standard model prediction.
Direct Adventitious Shoots Formation from Tomato Hypocotyls and Cotyledons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tomato is consumed by people worldwide as a vegetable or fruit. The improvement of tomato plants through genetic transformation is very important, namely to produce a virus-free tomato stocks. One of the proofs that show the success in the genetic transformation is the favorable outcome on its regeneration. This experiment aimed to find the methods of direct organogenesis from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of tomato. Tomato seeds were germinated in agar medium with 1 ppm BAP. After two weeks, the hypocotyls and cotyledons were transferred to MS medium with 0.1 ppm TDZ in combination with 1-3 ppm BAP. The results were observed after four weeks of incubation. As many as 25% of adventitious shoots were formed from hypocotyl explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 ppm TDZ in combination with 3 ppm BAP. While in cotyledon explants, 62.5% of adventitious shoots successfully formed in MS medium enriched with 0.1 ppm TDZ in combination with 1 ppm BAP.
On Influence of Family Background on English Learning at Compulsory Stage in Shanghai, China.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The social reform and opening-up in Chinese society in the last three decades have resulted in overall changes in almost every aspect of social life of its people. As an important indicator in these changes, English has become an important tool in education for students to move ahead to a higher level of schooling, and better jobs in the employment. A new challenge, thus, emerges as English learning is controversially related to sociocultural and economic factors of the family. This study then aims to answer whether the family background in terms of social, cultural and financial status would affect the outcomes of English learning at the compulsory stage of education in Shanghai, and to what extent this influence works on the school education. The study, based on the surveys of 2034 students and 1640 their families together with interviews with students and teachers has found that English language learning has become a highly commercialized subject in Shanghai and the students and
Application of Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis to Evaluate Subgingival Cement Surfaces in Terms of Biocompatibility

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Biocompatibility is defined as “the ability of a biomaterial, prosthesis, or medical device to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application”. Biocompatibility is especially important for restorative dentists as they use materials that remain in close contact with living tissues for a long time. The research material involves six types of cement used frequently in the subgingival region: Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE, Germany), Riva Self Cure (SDI, Australia) (Glass Ionomer Cements), Breeze (Pentron Clinical, USA) (Resin-based Cement), Adhesor Carbofine (Pentron, Czech Republic), Harvard Polycarboxylat Cement (Harvard Dental, Great Britain) (Zinc polycarboxylate types of cement) and Agatos S (Chema-Elektromet, Poland) (Zinc Phosphate Cement). Texture and fractal dimension analysis was applied. An evaluation of cytotoxicity and cell adhesion was carried out. The fractal dimension of Breeze (Pentron Clinical, USA) differed in each of the tested types of cement. Adhesor Carbofine (Pentron, Czech Republic) cytotoxicity was rated 4 on a 0–4 scale. The Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE, Germany) and Riva Self Cure (SDI, Australia) cements showed the most favorable conditions for the adhesion of fibroblasts, despite statistically significant differences in the fractal dimension of their surfaces.
The investigation of hypoproteinemia in pediatric atopic dermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: As a complication of atopic dermatitis (AD), the incidence of hypoproteinemia is increasing among infants with severe AD. It can be a life-threatening condition owing to hypovolemic shock as a result of hypoproteinemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical feature and laboratory findings in pediatric AD patients with hypoproteinemia. Methods: Seventy-five patients who visited pediatric allergy clinic and diagnosed as AD by a physician from January 2005 to January 2012. Patients with low serum protein level were classified as group A (n=27) and those with normal serum protein level were classified as group B (n=48). Age, sex, and parental allergic history were studied. We examined serum protein and albumin, eosinophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total IgE, specific IgE, skin culture and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score. Results: In group A, serum protein and albumin were lower and eosinophil count, CRP, ECP, total IgE and SCORAD score were higher than group B. Group A was sensitized more number of allergens than group B. In parental allergic history, allergic rhinitis was prominent in both group. In skin culture, other species than Staphylococcus aureus were prominent in group A. Egg sensitization was the most common in both group. Serum protein level was positively correlated with serum albumin and negatively correlated with eosinophil count, total IgE, SCORAD score and number of sensitized allergen. Conclusion: Risk factors for hypoproteinemia in pediatric atopic dermatitis are considered infants, severe atopic dermatitis, increased number of sensitized allergens.
Comparison of Requirements for Composite Structures for Aircraft and Space Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the aircraft and space vehicle requirements for composite structures are compared. It is a valuable exercise to study composite structural design approaches used in the airframe industry and to adopt methodology that is applicable for space vehicles. The missions, environments, analysis methods, analysis validation approaches, testing programs, build quantities, inspection, and maintenance procedures used by the airframe industry, in general, are not transferable to spaceflight hardware. Therefore, while the application of composite design approaches from aircraft and other industries is appealing, many aspects cannot be directly utilized. Nevertheless, experiences and research for composite aircraft structures may be of use in unexpected arenas as space exploration technology develops, and so continued technology exchanges are encouraged.
Evaluating land-based learning as a pedagogical approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Founded on the principles of place-based education, land-based learning collaboratively engages learners and community members in a four-step process of identification, understanding, intervention, and evaluation to enhance the sustainability of community-based agricultural systems. While scholars have provided the philosophical foundation for land-based learning, there have been no quantitative evaluations of learners engaged in this innovative pedagogical approach. Therefore, the current study explored students from two high schools in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula who participated in a land-based learning experience focused on increasing local food purchasing within their high school cafeterias. Using pre-experience and post-experience surveys, student learning gains in local food awareness, local food behaviors, and eight leadership factors were evaluated. Results from the research include statistically significant gains in local food awareness, local food behaviors, empowerment efficacy, and decision making when comparing post-experience data to pre-experience data. Findings contribute to the nascent body of literature suggesting land-based learning is an effective pedagogical tool for promoting student growth. Recommendations for expanding the use of land-based learning; increasing funding to support its implementation; and targeted scholarship to inform the growth of land-based learning are also explored.
Use of DNA Barcode Sequences for Distinguishing the Three Species in the Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) Species Complex.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

he Arctic warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) species complex is commonly present in the Palearctic region. By 2014, the three bird subspecies were split into three species, Arctic warbler (P. borealis), Japanese leaf warbler (P. xanthodryas), and Kamchatka leaf warbler (P. examinandus), based on different breeding areas and distinct vocalizations. However, their similar coloration and body size make it difficult to distinguish these species in the nonbreeding season. Taiwan is located in the potential migration routes of the Arctic warbler species complex; however, no confirmed record of P. xanthodryas and P. examinandus exists. In this study, we compared the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of samples from breeding sites during the breeding season and confirmed that the three species could be distinguished based on CO1 gene sequences. We also examined the species of the Arctic warbler species complex samples collected from eastern Taiwan. For the first time, we confirmed that all three species visited Taiwan during migration season. In the Taiwanese samples, no clear distinction could be made between species based on plumage coloration and size, indicating that these traits are not reliable for species identification. Reassessment of the CO1 gene sequences of the three species deposited in the Barcode of Life Data System revealed that the taxonomic status needs to be updated for 31.8% of the samples.
Grid integration of PV systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In the project, simulation study is conducted on conventional grid integrated PV system. The system is divided into two sections, PV module with DC-DC converter and grid-connected DC-AC inverter which is assumed to be connected to a fixed DC bus. PV module is modelled as single diode representation. Maximum Power Point Tracking using Incremental Conductance is integrated to DC-DC converter. Inverter for the system uses full bridge topology with Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. Inverter grid current control using Proportional Resonance controller and grid synchronization using state-space approach is modelled and analyzed. A different approach of grid tied inverter using series resonant topology and phase shift modulation is developed as Simulink model and experimented on hardware prototype.
Image Augmentation Is All You Need: Regularizing Deep Reinforcement Learning from Pixels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a simple data augmentation technique that can be applied to standard model-free reinforcement learning algorithms, enabling robust learning directly from pixels without the need for auxiliary losses or pre-training. The approach leverages input perturbations commonly used in computer vision tasks to regularize the value function. Existing model-free approaches, such as Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), are not able to train deep networks effectively from image pixels. However, the addition of our augmentation method dramatically improves SAC's performance, enabling it to reach state-of-the-art performance on the DeepMind control suite, surpassing model-based (Dreamer, PlaNet, and SLAC) methods and recently proposed contrastive learning (CURL). Our approach can be combined with any model-free reinforcement learning algorithm, requiring only minor modifications. An implementation can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/data-regularized-q.
Divergent Patterns of Confrontation With Death Using the Anticipated Farewell to Existence Questionnaire (AFEQT): Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Four Samples With Increasing Proximity to Death.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Based on the concept of “ Daseinsverabschiedung ”, an anthropological theory of “Anticipated Farewell to Existence” (AFE) was suggested on the basis of six grounding dimensions (“derived in AFE”): selfhood (“expiration of the time of existence”), interpersonality (“altruistic preoccupation”), temporality (“struggle for acceptance”), corporeality (“wounded physical integrity”), worldliness (“reconciliation with own existence”), and transcendence (“self-transcendence”). The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent to which the relevance of these anthropological dimensions differs between people in different stages of life, especially those facing their own death. Methods: The sample (N=485) consists of dying individuals in palliative wards and hospices (n=121); old people living in nursing homes not suffering from a mortal disease (n=62); young adults (n=152), and middle-aged adults (n=150). The relevance of anticipated farewell to existence was measured by means of the “Anticipated Farewell to Existence Questionnaire” (AFEQT). Further assessment tools: Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), Life Attitude Profile (LAP-R), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology (PO-Bado). The internal consistency of the AFEQT was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and convergent validity by means of dimensions of LAP-R. Differences in the relevance of the AFEQT dimensions among stages of life were estimated by means of multiple regression models. Results: According to Cronbach’s alpha, the internal consistency of the AFEQT subscales was sufficient for the whole sample. Convergent validity with dimensions of LAP-R was found for young and middle-aged participants. Dying people scored significantly higher for most of the dimensions than young and middle-aged as well as elderly people. Personality traits of “oenness” and “agreeableness” are positively associated with the extent of assessed dimensions of AFEQT. Conclusions: Anthropological reflections on the structure of human beings, which is activated or actualized in a special way in the face of death, can provide a framework for practice facing a humanization of medicine at the end of life, considering real experiences, possible needs, and underlying human conditions when facing end of life. The dimensions proposed can be taken into account in a sensitive way by supporting dialogues with dying people and their relatives. Trial registration: observational study.
The Effect of Religiosity on Stock Market Speculation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates whether religiosity affects stock market speculation. We use data from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries characterized by a high level of religiosity and clearly defined religious rules on investing. We find that during Ramadan, the stock markets of these countries encounter relatively lower levels of market volatility, idiosyncratic volatility, and trading frequency. We do not find significant changes in absolute returns during Ramadan compared with other months. However, a drop in volatility leads to higher risk-adjusted returns. Our results indicate that religiosity is negatively related to stock market speculation.
Microbiological Evaluation of Broiler Carcasses, Wash and Rinse Water from Pluck Shops (Cottage Poultry Processors) in the County Nariva/Mayaro, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A study on the prevalence and levels of Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli on broiler chicken carcasses, wash and rinse water from pluck shops/ cottage poultry processors (CPP) in county Nariva Mayaro Trinidad was done. There are 21 pluck shops/ cottage poultry processors in the county, 14 pluck shops were randomly selected for the study. Samples consisted of 28 broiler carcasses, 14 wash water samples and 14 rinse water samples. Over all the isolation rate of Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli from broiler carcasses wash and rinse water showed significant differences (P< 0.05) between pluck shops. Of the 56 samples examined from the 14 pluck shops sampled, 34 (60.7%) were positive for Campylobacter, 34 (60.7%) for Salmonella and 40 (71.4%) for E. coli. The correlation between the levels of Campylobacter found on carcasses and in wash water (r2= 0.657) and rinse water (r2= 0.600) was significant (P< 0.05) among pluck shops/CPP. There was also a high correlation (P< 0.05) between wash and rinse water samples (r2= 0.950) for Campylobacter. Salmonella levels on carcasses and in wash water were positively (P< 0.05) correlated (r2= 0.947). Of the 14 pluck shops examined 6 (42.9%) had Campylobacter levels that corresponded to infectious dose in humans. The infectious doses for Salmonella were isolated from 3 (21.4%) pluck shops and 13 (92.9%) pluck shops evaluated had E. coli present at potentially infectious levels. Three pluck shops/CPP (21.4%) had infectious dose for Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli where as all others had infectious levels for one or two pathogens. It was concluded that these pathogens are present in pluck shops/CPP in the county, having levels considered to be potentially infectious to humans and as such there should be health concern.
Clinical and radiological factors associated with bone resorption in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: It has been reported that the bone resorption may be associated with the poor outcome in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, there have been few reports describing detail information of the features of the born resorption using micro-computed tomography. The [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
[Transesophageal echocardiography. General principles and applications].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new echocardiographic technique is described, which allows cardiovascular ultrasonic exploration by means of a transducer mounted on the distal tip of a gastroscope. The transducer is moved along the esophagus and from time to time into the stomach, which permits real-time visualization of the different cardiac segments and the great arteries. This technique is of special utility in the exploration of posterior structures as are the left atrium and its appendage, the pulmonary veins, etc. The most important views in the transverse plane are described, as well as the technical aspects, the limitations and the possible complications.
Bimodal Response to Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes Results from Relatively Weak Binding to the Target Cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There are two major antigenic forms of Shiga toxin (Stx), Stx1 and Stx2, which bind the same receptor and act on the same target but nonetheless differ in potency. Stx1a is more toxic to cultured cells, but Stx2 subtypes are more potent in animal models. To understand this phenomenon in cultured cells, we used a system that combines flow cytometry with a fluorescent reporter to monitor the Stx-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in single cells.
Oral Presentations Abstracts: SUPPORTING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING – A TOOL FOR ETHICAL REFLECTION ON CARE TECHNOLOGIES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

View of Volume 66, Special Issue, September 2021 The tool FreTiP (Fragen zur ethischen Reflexion von digitalen Technologien in der Pflegepraxis – questions on ethical reflection of digital technologies in nursing practice) was developed in 2020 by the Institute Mensch, Ethik und Wissenschaft (IMEW) as part of ELSI research in the PPZ-Berlin project. Our aim was to develop an instrument that stimulates and supports ethical reflection processes in the application of digital care innovation technologies in practice. Ethical considerations are part of everyday (nursing) life, are closely interwoven with other aspects and are therefore difficult to recognise as such. The starting thesis of our work was that actors in care act on the basis of value concepts that they are more or less aware of. An ethics that is consciously integrated into everyday care takes into account all aspects that are relevant for an action or decision. In this respect, it is important to look at ethics in context and not to understand “ethics” as something isolated, coming from outside. Based on this, the development of the instrument should not consist of “breaking down” ethical concepts and theories to practice, but of ethically locating, structuring and making applicable the experiences, questions and needs of the actors working in nursing practice. Thus, FreTiP is not only to be considered practice-oriented, but also to a certain extent practice-based. The instrument was designed to be suitable for everyday care in clinics, care facilities and in the home context. FreTiP was developed as a low-threshold instrument that can be used flexibly and that takes into account the perspective of patients as well as carers. The development of the instrument was preceded by a triangulated study that included a literature review, interviews and (non-)participatory observations. In the paper, experiences with the ethical reflection tool FreTiP will be presented.
Governmentality, the problem of 'steering' and Public Administration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the sub discipline of political science called ‘Public Administration’, the problem of ‘steering’ is central, and underlay much of the literature as a prerequisite for making the study of the rationalities and behaviour of public administrations relevant1. ‘Steering’ is anticipated as the legitimate goal that gives sense to the discipline and to the sheer exercise of administering public affairs. As B. Guy Peters states: “an effective government is a good thing – a view to which people living in societies without one would probably subscribe” (Peters 2000: 40). Thus, articles and books in the discipline rarely question the basic assumption of the inherently normative goal of steering, as for example: What does it actually mean to ‘steer’? What are the social relations entailed by steering, and the conditions and consequences of steering? Why is it legitimate to want to steer public administration (or any administration) all together? In the present article I try to reflect on and to give a starting point to how one can address these issues.