jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Hidden Curriculum of the Calleja Publishing House Reading Books

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Il tempo per leggere, come el tempo per amare, dilata il tempo per vivere. Daniel Pennac 1 1 Danniel Pennac, Come un romanzo (Milan, Feltrinelli, 1993). Calleja was one of the main publishers of textbooks and of children's reading books in the Spanish Restoration (1875‐1902). Saturnino Calleja founded the publishing housein 1876, and although it continued until 1958, its most typical, brilliant and multiple activity lasted until the 1930. Confronting a culturally and economically underdeveloped Spain, he considered instruction to be one of the fundamental tasks for its redemption. Calleja's principal objective was to make reading attractive and he achieved it. As he said: “Let us take advantage of the opportunity!” There are some obvious characteristics in Calleja's reading books. One that is easy to recognise is made up of examples, characters, prizes, etc., and another is that they presuppose a state‐based society in practice but are aimed at one class, the bourgeoisie, liberal and enlightened, that is, the city dwellers. Calleja's concern for modernisation is also striking.
Prospects for conservation of an endemic woody species native to florida Chionanthus pygmaeus (pygmy fringetree) through seed and vegetative propagation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pygmy fringetree (Chionanthus pygmaeus Small [Oleaceae]) is an endemic and rare Florida species with great potential for use in managed landscapes. Conservation as well as cultivation of the species is dependent on a better understanding of its complex seed dormancy and inherent difficulties with vegetative propagation. This article synthesizes work that has been done with the genus Chionanthus, including our recent work with pygmy fringetree, and affirms the importance of identifying improved propagation and seed storage techniques for the species. Given that pygmy fringe-tree is native to a fire-dependent ecosystem, the influence of varying levels of smoke and heat, plus the manipulation of other factors such as temperature and plant growth regulators, should be investigated to improve the likelihood of satisfying seed dormancy requirements. Also, based on work done on congeneric species, low temperature conditions combined with low seed moisture content in addition to pericarp removal may result in improved long-term storage conditions of pygmy fringetree seed. In addition, adventitious rooting appears most likely to occur on early to midsummer pygmy fringetree softwood cuttings that have been treated with high levels of auxin.
Social Participation of Homeless People: Evaluation of the Intervention “Growth Through Participation”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In het huidige proefschrift is een interventie voor de ondersteuning en participatie van \ndak- en thuislozen, Verder Door Doen (VDD), geëvalueerd. Tevens is onderzocht welke \nfactoren van invloed zijn op de primaire uitkomsten van VDD (namelijk maatschappelijke \nparticipatie, zelfregie, en welzijn).
TD: Mechanism of interaction of Acanthamoeba actophorin (ADF/cofilin) with actin filaments

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We characterized the interaction of Acanthamoeba actophorin, a member of ADF/cofilin family, with filaments of amoeba and rabbit skeletal muscle actin. The affinity is about 10 times higher for muscle actin filaments (K d � 0.5 �M) than amoeba actin filaments (K d � 5 �M) even though the affinity for muscle and amoeba Mg-ADP-actin monomers (K d � 0.1 �M) is the same (Blanchoin,
Market potential of shea caterpillars in the Bunkpurugu-Nakpanduri District of the North East region of Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Traditionally consumed by certain communities in Africa's shea-growing belt, shea caterpillars (Cirina butyrospermi, Vuillot 1911) have seen a growing market demand over the years. Although shea caterpillars are one of the most common insect species associated with shea parklands in Ghana, limited literature exists on these caterpillars' market prospects. With the governments recognizing the economic potential of shea nuts, there have been various efforts to document the shea nut trade in all major shea producing countries. However, it is still unknown what volumes of shea caterpillar trade occur in Ghana. Our study area includes the five key markets that are popular for shea caterpillar trade in the Bunkpurugu-Nakpanduri district of the North East Region of Ghana. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative data collected through key-informant interviews, guided market surveys, and focus group discussions to shed light on the annual trade of shea caterpillars, their supply chains, the value of the sector, and some sustainability concerns. Our results could guide the research community to investigate these caterpillars' commercial prospects as edible food.
Review of current regulations, available technologies, and future trends in the green shipping industry

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current regulations and the various technologies as well as the decision support methods for each technology the maritime industry considers to ensure the fleet's sustainability. It covers the period between 2010 and 2022, emphasizing the last four years. It shows the impact of each technology on the reduction of ship resistance and the energy required on board, affecting the amount of fuel consumption and avoiding the transportation of harmful species around the world to achieve a smooth transition towards green shipping by improving the fleet's energy efficiency and achieving the goals of the 2050 plan. The paper covers five main topics: hull design, propulsion systems, new clean fuels and treatment systems, power systems and ship operation; and each topic has different technologies included. This study's findings contribute to mapping the scientific knowledge of each technology in the maritime field, identifying relevant topic areas, visualising the links between the topics, and recognising research gaps and opportunities. This review helps to present holistic approaches in future research supporting the cooperation between maritime industry stakeholders to provide more realistic solutions toward sustainability.
Design of a magneto-optic residual current device using aqueous ferrofluid as the sensing material

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a design for a Magneto-Optic Residual Current Device (MORCD) using ferrofluid as the sensing material. As the selection of suitable magneto-optic material was seen as the critical phase in the design, a novel Magneto-Optical performance Indicator is proposed and verified using known optical materials. It was experimentally established that the designed MORCD is sufficiently fast and capable of detecting residual current as low as 1.51 mA.
Free Energy Gap and Statistical Thermodynamic Fidelity of DNA Codes (Postprint)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : nanotechnology often requires collections of oligonucleotides called DNA free energy gap that do not produce erroneous crosshybridizations in a competitive muliplexing environment. This paper addresses the question of how to design these codes to accomplish a desired amount of work within an acceptable error rate. Using a statistical thermodynamic and probabilistic model of code fidelity and mathematical random coding theory methods, theoretical lower bounds on the size of codes are given. More importantly, code design parameters (e.g., strand number, strand length and sequence composition) needed to achieve experimental goals are identified.
Policy enacted – teachers' approaches to an outcome-based framework for course design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we report on how teachers in Higher Education enact policy. Outcome-based education (OBE) serves as an example of a governmental educational policy introduced with the European Bologna reform. With a hermeneutic approach, we have studied how 14 teachers interpreted this policy and re-designed their courses. The findings show teachers' enactment of policy framed as different approaches to OBE: container, technocratic, pragmatic or ideological. The approaches range from being (1) highly regulated to being autonomous; and (2) from having a teacher-centred orientation to having a student-centred orientation to teaching–learning. Teachers who reinterpreted the policy to fit their learning-centred orientation used it to facilitate a joint development process together with colleagues. Thus, policy may stimulate development of teaching–learning.
Analisis soal HOTS pada Buku Studio Express A1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research is to find out how the questions are distributed in the Studio Express A1 book with the topic "Deutsch im Kurs" and the results of the analysis of the questions in the Studio Express A1 book with the topic "Deutsch im Kurs" based on cognitive level. This research was conducted in the library of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Medan State University. In this research, a qualitative descriptive method was used. The data source is taken from the Studio Express A1 book. The data used in this research are German language topic questions in the course. The theory used in this research is Bloom's taxonomy revised by Anderson and Krathwohl. For data analysis, the Milesund Huberman technique was used, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The topic "Deutsch im Kurs" consists of 46 questions. The results of research questions on the topic "Deutsch im Kurs" are LOTS (Low Order Thinking Skills) with a total of 31 questions = 67.3%, MOTS (Middle Order Thinking Skills) with a total of 8 questions = 17.2% and HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) with a total of 7 questions = 15.2%. This shows that these questions are not yet included in the HOTS questions, because the analysis results show that the HOTS category is lower than the MOTS category with an overall percentage of 17.2%, while HOTS is only 15.2%.
Effect of renal atherosclerotic plaque rupture on the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B in kidney of ApoE~(-/-) mouse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obiective To investigate the effect of rupture of renal artery atherosclerotic plaque on the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)in kidney of apolipoprein E (ApoE) knocked out mouse.Methods The atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) model was established by ApoE knocked out mouse.Three animal groups included (1)Rupture of renal artery atherosclerotic plaque.(2)Stable renal artery atherosclerotic plaque.The renal artery stenosis degree50% in the two groups.(3)control group.Nuclear factor kappa-Bp65(NF-κBp65) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)were measured by Western blot.Immunohistochemistry was performed in serial section to detect the expression of F4/80-related macrophage in mouse.The relationship between their expressions and renal pathological changes were analyzed.Results (1)In comparison with the stable renal artery atherosclerotic plaque group and control group,the protein expression of NF-κBp65 in rupture of renal artery atherosclerotic plaque group increased significantly (P0.05) from blood,renal artery and kidney.The expression of NF-κBp65 of the control group and of the stable renal artery atherosclerotic plaque group were little lower,which were not statistically significant.(2)In comparison with the stable renal artery atherosclerotic plaque group and control group,the protein expression of F4/80 and ICAM-1 in rupture of renal artery atherosclerotic plaque group increased significantly from renal artery and kidney.The expression of those factors of the control group and of the stable renal artery atherosclerotic plaque group were a little lower,which were not statistically significant.Conclusion Renal atherosclerotic plaque rupture up-regulates the expression of NF-κBp65,ICAM-1,F4/80 and significant tubulointerstitial inflammation injury are noted in kidney of ApoE-/-mouse.
Case Commentary: Delayed Cerebral Vasculitis Associated with the Development of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Pneumococcal Meningitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mizrahi and colleagues present a well-described case of the emergence of drug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis during therapy with ceftriaxone monotherapy with a low bactericidal concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Adherence to international guidelines could possibly have prevented the emergence of this resistant isolate and the adverse outcome.
ALGAL COMMUNITIES OF SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN THE MT. ST. HELENS REGION, WASHINGTON, U.S.A. FOLLOWING THE MAY 1980 ERUPTION1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mt. St. Helens, a volcanic peak in the Cascade Range in southern Washington erupted violently on May 18, 1980, causing enormous damage to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The initial explosion evaporated, scoured or buried all springs and streams in the blast impact area. Ash fall and erosion from defoliated hillsides subsequently filled most of the lotic habitats with organic debris and volcanic ash. Recolonization of springs and streams by algae occurred quickly in areas where erosion through the ash progressed down to bedrock. Within 15 months or less of the eruption, algal communities were established throughout the blast impact area. However, as a result of the initial and continued disturbance these communities remained in an early successional stage. Floral assemblages were highly variable except that they were composed mostly of diatoms, with Achnanthes minutissima dominating most lotic sites. Springs showed the most rapid development toward stable floras.
Effects of violent pornography upon viewer's rape myth beliefs: A study of Japanese males

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract In order to examine the effects of pornography on beliefs in rape myths among Japanese men, the subjects' beliefs were measured before and after exposure to home video pornography. Before the exposure, 150 male students were asked to respond to scales regarding rape myths and rape proclivity. Of that number, seventy-two voluntarily participated in the film experiment and post-exposure measurement of rape myths. They viewed either a positive rape film in which a female victim expressed pleasure, a negative rape film in which she expressed pain, or a consenting sex film. The film viewing resulted in measurable effects on the subjects' subscription to rape myths, that is, those who viewed positive rape film rated that significantly higher percentages of women could enjoy rapes, as well as higher percentages of rape cases were invented by the victims, than those who viewed the films of the other two categories, The subjects' rape proclivity assessment correlated positively with some measures of belief in rape myths, but it was not observed to interact with the effects of pornography upon the beliefs.
Accessibility, Affordability, and Addressing Informal Services in Bus Reform: Lessons from Bogotá, Colombia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many cities in the developing world are reforming transit by formalizing bus services to capture user and nonuser benefits. A forerunner in transit reform, the city of Bogotá, Colombia, first implemented the TransMilenio bus rapid transit (BRT) system and then more recently undertook a large-scale initiative to formalize and regulate traditional urban buses in the city. This integrated public transport system [Sistema Integrado de Transporte Público (SITP)] is transforming Bogotá’s traditional urban bus system into a regulated, concessionary system with restructured bus routes that integrates operations, fares, and infrastructure with the TransMilenio BRT. An investigation was conducted to determine whether the SITP has increased affordability and employment accessibility for public transit users in Bogotá. Results revealed that most accessibility improvements resulted from the recent expansion (and significantly higher speeds) of TransMilenio rather than the SITP. Results of an analysis conducted with budget constraints to determine affordable accessibility indicated that employment accessibility was reduced overall; however, the new integrated fare increased accessibility over traditional buses, especially on the periphery and in southern areas of the city, as a result of reduced transfer costs. Overall, results partly explain the lack of enthusiasm for the bus reform process on the part of public transit users and the political discomfort that becomes apparent when embarking on this process in developing-world cities. Also, more incremental, flexible reform might be crafted for public transportation systems that are dominated by informal services.
Determination of Simulation Conditions for Ship-handling Safety Assessment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

항만이나 항로에서의 심층적인 선박운항 안전성 평가를 위한 목적으로 주로 선박운항 시뮬레이션 시스템이 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 실제 해상에서 선박이 조우할 수 있는 환경 조건은 매우 다양한 반면, 비용이나 시간적인 제약으로 인하여 실시간 선박운항 시뮬레이션은 극히 한정된 경우에 대해서만 수행되는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는, 이러한 실시간 시뮬레이션 실험 조건을 효과적이고 체계적으로 도출하기 위한 통계적 기법에 대하여 제안하고, 이 기법을 실제 선박 운항 안전성 평가를 위한 시뮬레이션 연구에 적용한 실증 분석 결과를 사례 연구로 기술하였다. 실증 분석에는 주성분을 이용한 종합 운항 난이도 산정 방법과 누적 확률분포 개념을 이용하여 선박 운항 난이도가 높은 실험 조건을 실시간 시뮬레이션 실험 조건으로 선택하는 기법을 제시하였다. Ship-handling simulation system has been used for maritime traffic safety assessment for harbor and fairway. There exist various environmental conditions under which ship may navigate along a fairway or in harbor. Due to the time and budget limitations, however, ship-handling simulations are usually carried out for very limited number of environmental conditions. In this paper, statistical method for effective and systematic determination of real time simulation conditions is suggested and applied to the maritime traffic safety assessment problems. In the empirical study, the principal component analysis method and the concept of empirical cumulative distribution function are suggested to estimate synthetic navigational difficulty and to select simulation conditions which would impose high difficulty on shiphandling.
The Last and the Previous Year of Life in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Care Received and Daily Living Limitations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: We analyse the need for and the provision of care to individuals aged at least 50 years in their last year of life as compared with the previous year of life. Methods: We explain the functional status in ordered logit and who provides care in multinomial logit using the data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Results: We find a significant and heterogeneous in the cause of death increase in the number of daily living limitations between the previous and the last year of life. The percentage of respondents receiving care increases and more sources of care are observed between the previous and the last year of life. Regional disparities decline in the last year of life. Discussion: Correlates to functional status and care receipt differ between the last and the previous year of life. These differences are specific to region and cause of death.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD exacerbator phenotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine whether there are differences in exercise capacity, dyspnoea, quality of life and the BODE index between COPD non exacerbator and exacerbator phenotype included in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 151 patients with COPD evaluated before and after rehabilitation through six-minute walking test (6MWT), dyspnea index (mMRC), Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ) and BODE index. Results: The mean age was 65±8.1 years and mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 49.1±17.7 and mean FEV1 of 1.12±0.55. Thirty-one patients (20.5%) were classified as exacerbator phenotype. There was no difference in the obstruction degree between non exacerbators and exacerbators (1.15±0.57 vs. 1.0± 0.47, p>0.05). The predominant gender was male (66.9%). There was significant improvement in the mean distance in the 6MWT in exacerbator phenotype (baseline:376.1±103.9m, postPRP:461±94.2, p<0.0001) and non exacerbator (baseline:396.4±94.9m; post-PRP:445±99, p<0.0001). The distance average change in exacerbator phenotype was significantly higher than in the non exacerbator [mΔ(95%CI):84.9(57.1 to 112.6) vs. 48.6(37 to 60.2);p=0.018]. Significant reduction in mMRC scale occurred only in non exacerbators (baseline:2.11±1.31 after PRP:1.11± 1.15, p<0.0001). Improvement in the BODE index occurred in both groups, but the mean change was significantly higher in the exacerbator group [mΔ(95%CI):-1.44(-2.17 to -0.70 ), p=0.045]. There was no significant difference in the mean change of all domains of the SGRQ between groups. Conclusion: In COPD patients with the same degree of obstruction, the exacerbator phenotype had greater improvement in exercise capacity and prognosis when compared to non exacerbator phenotype.
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (Sarphuka, Wild Indigo): An important drug of Unani system of medicine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tephrosia purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, widespread in the Indian subcontinent. In Unani system of medicine it is either used as a single drug or as an ingredient in many Unani formulations which are use in the treatment of various ailments of the body. In the present manuscript the information available about this drug in Unani literature, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations carried out upto August 2018 are summarized. Sarphuka is a blood purifier, diuretic, digestive, laxative, resolvent, antidote etc. It is used in the treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea, leprosy, pruritus, inflammation, hemorrhoids and skin diseases. Pharmacological and clinical investigation of Tephrosia purpurea revealed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, antileishmanial, anti-carcinogenic and anti-lipidperoxidative activities.Â
Simple energy balance model resolving the seasons and the continents: Application to the astronomical theory of the ice ages

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A one‐level seasonal energy balance climate model which has explicit two‐dimensional land‐sea geography is introduced and its properties analyzed. The model distinguishes land from sea surface strictly by the local thermal inertia employed. The transport is governed by a smooth latitude dependent diffusion mechanism. The model's seasonal cycle is solved for, with and without ice feedback. In each case, good agreement with real data is accomplished with minimal tuning of the adjustable parameters. The model sensitivity for small solar constant changes is in agreement with that of other accepted models. However, when the solar constant is lower a few percent, the ice cap grows discontinuously from covering Greenland and vicinity to a size three times larger and mostly into Northern Canada. A similar discontinuous growth occurs when the orbital elements are changed to favor cool summers in the Northern Hemisphere. This discontinuous sensitivity is discussed in the context of the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages, and the associated branch structure is shown to be analogous to the so called ‘small ice cap’ instability known from simpler models. Although the discontinuity in sensitivity is some‐what conjectural, both linear and nonlinear models have their largest sensitivity to orbital parameter changes in the northern portions of the large continents; in the western hemisphere this also corresponds to the ice sheet boundary, suggesting that the land‐sea configuration is crucial to large glacier growth irrespective of moisture budgets. Other experiments and implications are also discussed.