jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Insect Cardioactive Peptides: Regulation of Hindgut Activity by Cardioacceleratory Peptide 2 (Cap2) During Wandering Behaviour In Manduca Sexta Larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The functional relationship between cardioacceleratory peptide 2 (CAP2) and hindgut activity during wandering behaviour was investigated in fifth-instar larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Inspection of the alimentary canal on the day prior to wandering showed that the gut, in preparation for metamorphosis, was voided of all contents by 18:00 h. Associated with this event, which we refer to as ‘gut emptying’, was an increase in the frequency of hindgut contractions measured in vivo. No change in heart activity was seen during this developmental period. Measurements of the amount of CAP2 in the central nervous system (CNS) of fifth-instar caterpillars revealed that CAP2 storage levels declined sharply on the day of gut emptying. The drop in CNS levels of CAP2 at gut emptying was temporally correlated with the appearance of CAP2 in the haemolymph. CAP2, when applied at physiological concentrations to an in vitro larval hindgut bioassay, caused changes in several parameters, including contraction frequency and amplitude, and basal tension. In vivo administration of CAP2 elicited hindgut responses that were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in vitro. Developmental studies on changes in CAP2 responsiveness during the last larval instar demonstrated that the hindgut is maximally sensitive to CAP2 on the day of gut emptying. Direct evidence in support of a role for CAP2 in fifth-instar larvae was provided by experiments in which the increase in gut activity in vivo seen at gut emptying was significantly reduced by injections of an anti-CAP antibody. Based on data from cobalt backfills and anti-CAP immunohistochemical staining, we propose that CAP2 exerts its effect on the larval hindgut at wandering via a local release from CAP-containing neurones in the terminal ganglion that project directly to the hindgut.
Communication: Teaching an Elusive Discipline

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

De Wet, J.C. 1988. The Art of Persuasive Communication. Communicamus Series 1. Johannesburg: Juta. Pp. iii-94. Fourie, P.J. 1989. Aspects of Film and Television Communication. Communicamus Series 2. Johannesburg: Juta. Pp. xi-112. Jansen, N. 1989. Philosophy of Mass Communication Research. Communicamus Series 3. Johannesburg: Juta. Pp. x-111. Du Plooy, G.M. 1989. Understanding Television - Guidelines for Visual Literacy. Communicamss Series 4. Johannesburg: Juta. Pp. ix-102. Oosthuizen, L.M. 1989. Media Policy and Ethics. Communicamus Series 5. Johannesburg: Juta. Pp. ix-102. De Wet, J.C., R.S. Rensburg. 1989. Evaluation of Public Speaking. Communicamus Series 6. Johannesburg: Juta. Pp. viii-113.
Cystic Fibrosis and the Role of the Physical Therapist in its Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A review of cystic fibrosis–its incidence, history, etiology, symptomatology, pulmonary pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment–is presented. Bronchial drainage, inhalation therapy, improvement in breathing patterns, and postural exercises are discussed with recommendations for dealing with special problems such as hemoptysis, pneumothorax, and pleuritic chest pain. Specific emphasis is placed upon the role of the physical therapist as educator, supervisor, and participant in the delivery of care in the patient’s home.
Cardiac Measures of Driver Workload during Simulated Driving with and without Visual Occlusion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cardiac (heart rate, pre-ejection period, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia), performance, and visual demand measures of driver workload were obtained from 15 male university students who drove a simulated course multiple times at a fixed speed of 72.4 km/h. The course contained curves of 3 different radii (582, 291, and 194 m) and was driven with and without visual occlusion of the road scene to manipulate driver workload. Visual occlusion of the road scene significantly reduced driving performance but did not affect the cardiac measures. Driving performance significantly deteriorated and visual demand significantly increased as curve radius decreased. The cardiac measures were differentially affected by curve radius, indicating different modes of autonomic control for the 291-m curve as compared with the 582- and 194-m curves. The patterns of dissociation across the cardiac, performance, and visual demand measures were interpreted as being capable of isolating the perceptual demands of driving from the central and motor processing demands. A potential application of this research is that the combination of psychophysiological and visual occlusion methodologies are a powerful research tool to assess performance and processing resource cost trade-offs associated with using advanced in-vehicle technologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Fluorine‐Containing Compounds for Household Insecticides.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbonic Anhydrase-Azosulfonamide Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Carbonic anhydrase combines with the optically inactive azosulfonamide (disodium Z-(4+ulfamylphenylazo)-7 - aceta- mido-1-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate) to form a highly colored enzyme-inhibitor complex. Large visible Cotton effects ([Ml = 120,000”) are induced in the multiple visible absorption bands (~600 = 25,000) of the phenylazonaph- thol chromophore by the dissymmetric environment of the protein binding site. Bathochromic-hypochromic shifts of these bands accompanying binding indicate the presence of a hydrophobic binding site. Circular dichroism spectra of azosulfonamide complexes of five isozyme and species variants of carbonic anhydrase reveal that both sign and magnitude of the multiple large visible ellipticity bands ([O] = & 0.5 - 8.0 X lo4 deg cm2 per decimole, RK = f 0.4 - 19.7 X 1O-3g c.g.s.u.) are unique for each isozyme. Thus the azosulfonamides become sensitive probes for conformational features of the active center of carbonic anhydrase. Ultraviolet ellipticity bands ([e] = 1.5 x lo6 deg cm2 per decimole) induced in the phenylazonaphthol chromophore are large enough in certain isozyme complexes to completely dominate both the circular dichroism and the rotatory dispersion of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes. In accordance with the metal ion specificity observed for the induction of hydration or esterase activity in apocarbonic anhydrase, only Zn(I1) and Co(I1) at the active site induce the specific binding of the azosulfonamide which imparts optical activity to the visible absorption bands of the sulfona- mide. Marked differences in the pattern of ellipticity bands induced in the sulfonamide by the &@I) and Co(I1) en- zymes, however, indicate participation of the metal ion in determining the final conformation of the bound sulfonamide or the active center as well as determining the binding affinity of the enzyme for the sulfonamide inhibitors. Sulfonamides were discovered to be potent inhibit’ors of the zinc metalloenzyme, carbonic anhydrase, during the early investi- * This work was supported by Grant AM-09070-04 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service. gation of this enzyme (1, 2). The inhibition appears to be rela- tively specific for carbonic anhydrase, since it is the only purified enzyme reported to be inhibited by these agents (3). Studies in tivo on the inhibition of calcification by sulfonamides have implied inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (3, 4), although the crystalline zinc alkaline phosphatase from
The human side of influenza

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Review of immunity to influenza virus infection in humans, noting evidence from murine studies and suggesting directions in which future research is most needed. A clear understanding of immunity in individuals infected with influenza virus is critical for the design of effective vaccination and treatment strategies. Whereas myriad studies have teased apart innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza infection in murine models, much less is known about human immunity as a result of the ethical and technical constraints of human research. Still, these murine studies have provided important insights into the critical correlates of protection and pathogenicity in human infection and helped direct the human studies that have been conducted. Here, we examine and review the current literature on immunity in humans infected with influenza virus, noting evidence offered by select murine studies and suggesting directions in which future research is most warranted.
Managing Multiple Concerns in Pediatric Primary Care: Impact on Time

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Behavioral problems in children are common concerns in pediatric primary care. Time is an important factor for primary care providers (PCP) and it has been shown that pediatricians spend approximately five minutes longer providing care when behavioral concerns are presented, reducing the number of patients for which they can provide care. To date, no research has looked at the relationship between the quantity of behavioral concerns and PCP time demands, which is the aim of the present study. Using a sample of 516 children at a pediatric setting in rural southwest Virginia, data was recoded to classify children in one of two groups: those with behavioral concerns and those without. Using descriptive statistics, it was found that 96 children (18.6%) presented with at least one behavioral concern (with a range of 1 to 6 total behavioral concerns). Children with behavioral concerns were compared to children with medical-only concerns (with a range of 1-7 total medical concerns). When one concern was presented and it was behavioral, it took longer to address than when patients presented with up to four medical-only concerns. Regardless of the total number of concerns presented, PCPs spent 6.57 minutes longer with children presenting with at least one behavioral concern when compared to children in the medical-only group. More specifically, PCPs spent 5.07 additional minutes when one behavioral concern was presented and 9.03 additional minutes when two behavioral concerns were presented. Despite the quantity of behavioral concerns presented and the impact such concerns have on PCP’s time, results show that 100% of concerns raised were addressed at all times by PCPs within this clinic. Although from a consumer’s prospective, this is a desirable approach, such a model is not an especially time or cost efficient way for pediatricians to spend their time. As PCPs continue to address behavioral concerns, it is critical to develop and implement strategies (e.g., prioritizing concerns, identifying less time consuming concerns, scheduling follow up appointments) to address behavioral concerns more efficiently. Furthermore, incorporation of a full time on-site behavioral health provider might be an especially efficient way to maximize patient care while also relieving providers from the additional time burdens associated with the high prevalence of behavioral concerns within pediatric practices.
Oscillatory tribometry: transition from static to kinetic friction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Oscillatory tribometry is presented as a new method for investigations on the transition from static friction to kinetic friction. The method distinguishes between purely elastic deformations and plastic frictional motions. Friction moduli are defined which are directly proportional to the stored and dissipated energy during an oscillation cycle. The elastic deformations are represented through the elastic friction modulus, which is directly proportional to the average elastic energy over an oscillation cycle, while the frictional motions yield the dissipation friction modulus, which is directly proportional to the average dissipated energy over an oscillation cycle. Energy dissipation in the static and boundary regime can be attributed to local dissolution of contact bonds or intermolecular adhesion bonds at the contact points, and thus to local slip. The ability to measure at very small sliding distances in oscillatory tribometer tests is a crucial prerequisite for such investigations. The methodology provides access to local friction phenomena at the intermolecular level while simultaneously measuring macroscopic samples. The application examples presented show that oscillatory tribometry on a highly sensitive rheometer is particularly valuable for applications such as dry contacts between polymers, elastomers or soft materials.
Design and implementation of an integrated interactive display system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This final year project report documents the design and implementation of an integrated interactive display system. The project mainly focuses on potential improvements of existing interactive display systems like interactive advertising displays and Smart TVs. Two kinds of interactive methods were designed and implemented during the project. One is to use a smart phone to upload multimedia contents as well as to control the mouse cursor of a display. The other is to use gestures to control the mouse cursor of a display. The author has been invited by Nanyang Innovation and Enterprise Office (NIEO) to apply a technology disclosure (TD) for this final year project. For the first part, an Android application was developed from scratch and there are mainly two functions in the Android application. Firstly, the application can upload images, music and videos to a remote server and then be extracted by display system. Secondly, the application can control the move of mouse cursor on the display by smart phone’s built-in motion sensors. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first mobile application that utilizes motion sensors to control an interactive display system. For the second part, a Kinect device is connected to the system and used to detect the gestures of users. The Kinect was programmed to recognize the right hand palm of the user. In the meanwhile, the move of mouse cursor on the display will follow the move of the right hand. The developed prototype has broad commercial potentials. Firstly, the prototype can improve the current digital advertising technology. Since any advertising display in the world can be controlled by the developed Android application, companies can change their advertisements any time with a smart phone. Secondly, the two remote control techniques developed can be used in the next generation smart TV to improve users’ viewing experience.
Learning to teach and play futsal using digital tablets: What knowledge do sports science students mobilize?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract There is little research on the knowledge mobilized by sports science students when they learn to play a sport by learning to teach it. This study focuses on the benefits of using digital tablets to foster this learning during a university teaching module in futsal with students in the second year of a sports science bachelor’s degree. We compare the knowledge mobilized by these students during self-confrontation interviews (based on video recordings of the sessions), game situations, reciprocal coaching and debates of ideas. We then identify the nature of this knowledge and the strategies for its mobilization in context using a framework mainly based on didactics in physical education (Amade-Escot, 2006; Armour, 2011) and on pedagogical content knowledge studies (Shulman, 1986). The students were divided into two experimental conditions following the same pedagogical curriculum. The students in condition 1 used digital tablets to film themselves, tag videos and discuss the recordings. The students in condition 2 did not use tablets. The interviews were conducted twice during the teaching module: first during period 1 (beginning of the module) and then during period 2 (end of the module). The results show that students in condition 1 were more likely to mobilize shared knowledge, make decisions through cooperation and even devolve the construction of tactical reasoning and knowledge by their peers following the didactic approach of the faculty teacher as early as period 1. This promoted access to the construction and meaning of teaching and learning content. These results are discussed in light of the current challenges within educational systems and of the joint development of interactional skills for learning to cooperate and even to teach.
Urological Activities of the Naval Medical Corps in World War II

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1947Urological Activities of the Naval Medical Corps in World War II1 Francis Patton Twinem Francis Patton TwinemFrancis Patton Twinem View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69747-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byGartman E (2018) The Ruptured UrethraJournal of Urology, VOL. 76, NO. 4, (419-428), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1956. Volume 57Issue 6June 1947Page: 1129-1134 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Francis Patton Twinem More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Factors related to the hospital readmission of rural patients transferred to urban centers for acute cardiac interventions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study utilized a systems framework to measure variables related to the nonelective readmission of rural patients transferred to urban centers for acute cardiac intervention. Materials technology variables included rurality, age, gender and marital status. Knowledge technology in the rural hospitalization included admission diagnosis, number of comorbidities, length of stay and method of transfer. Urban knowledge technology consisted of medical intervention, length of stay and discharge diagnosis. Clinical readmission was analyzed using the number of days between urban discharge and rural readmission and the readmission diagnosis. All subjects were followed for one year post urban discharge for non-elective readmission to the rural hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to understand what factors were related to the hospital readmission. Significant variables for the readmitted group included rurality, method of transfer, medical intervention and discharge diagnosis.
Diurnal and seasonal variations in grazing by bacterivorous mixotrophs in an oligotrophic clearwater lake

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The biomass and bacterial ingestion rates of mixotrophic phytoflagellates were examined on diurnal and seasonal scales in oligotrophic Lake Skarlen (S. Sweden). Ingestion rates were measured using fluorescent microspheres in situ on three depths every 6(th) hour during 24 hours in summer in order to quantify diurnal variations and once at midday during autumn, winter and spring. Mixotrophic phytoflagellates composed a large part of the phytoplankton biomass (18-31 %) throughout the year. Nonetheless, calculations suggest that the mixotrophs only consumed between 0.5 and 4.4 % of the bacterial carbon production, with the highest consumption percentage in winter under ice. Two groups of algae, Cryptomonas spp. and Dinobryon spp., were commonly found with ingested prey and both exhibited significant diurnal differences in bacterial ingestion rates with the highest mean rates measured in late afternoon (0.50 and 0.27 bacteria cell(-1) hour(-1), respectively) and very low rates during night (0.09 and 0.06 bacteria cell(-1) hour). In Cryptomonas spp., ingestion rates also varied.somewhat over the year and bacterial ingestion was highest during winter (0.57 bacteria cell(-1) hour), possibly as a result of the lengthy impaired light climate.
SoTL Activities: Creativity and Choices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is a discipline in itself. Students benefit from being taught by people who have a deeper and wider understanding of teaching and learning. In this article, I identify twelve interdependent and intermingling activities in which scholars of teaching and learning engage as well as comment on the body of knowledge about how the brain learns, the conditions ideal to learning, and the ways in which individuals learn is ever expanding. This is an exciting time for teachers and an opportune time for students. 1. Creativity and Choices I often find myself, as I drift off to sleep, contemplating the difficulties my students experience while they learn new skills. From time to time, I wake with a start charged with a new teaching idea to try in my adult literacy class. I also find myself, while showering or driving, off in space - a special, creative, reflective space - where I dream up new lesson plans and new approaches to teaching so that the students' learning will be meaningful and enduring. As I write my thoughts on the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), I ask myself why I do this. Why do teachers spend time developing new ideas and new approaches to teaching? Some subjects, such as English and math, don't change all that much. Why don't we just do the same things our teachers did when we were learning to read and write? The answers to this question begin to define the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). As scholars of teaching and learning, we are interested not only in our subject matter, in my case English literacy and upgrading, but also in how we teach and most importantly, how our students learn. Many of us can remember the brilliant professor who barely raised his head from his notes to look at the auditorium full of students during his lecture. He was an accomplished scholar of his discipline - perhaps chemistry, psychology, or art history - but not a scholar of teaching and learning. The chances are that he did not study the discipline of teaching and learning unless he was an education professor. Now, the SoTL is a discipline in itself. Our students benefit from being taught by people who have a deeper and wider understanding of teaching and learning. As instructors, we are no longer limited to the lecture mode. We can create our own activities and chose from a range of teaching methods and the many available technologies that can make course content more stimulating and memorable. More and more, teachers are as equally engaged with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning as they are with their disciplines. How they teach the subject matter is as important as the content. This is an exciting time for teachers and an opportune time for learners. Information on how the brain learns, the conditions ideal to learning and the ways in which individuals learn is ever expanding.