jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Indications and incidence of spongiosa transplantation in open fractures: analysis of 470 open fractures].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From a prospective series of 651 open fractures, treated at the institution of the authors in the years 1984-1989, 124 cancellous bone grafts in 470 open long bone fractures--651 open fractures excluding amputation after Type III open fractures, excluding traumatic amputations and open fractures of the ankle joint and foot--were analyzed using approximately 155 variables per individual fracture to deduct the influencing factors for indication and frequency of bone grafts. As a result of this analysis it could be shown that bone grafting depends significantly on variables describing the bone injury as well as the type of fixation used. The frequency of bone grafts in this series was much higher than stated in the literature. The time of surgery for bone grafting depends on the type of fixation used, the concomitant soft tissue injury and the amount of primary bone loss. In contrast to the literature the analysis revealed that for good indications the use of allogeneous bone grafts in open fractures is possible.
Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear Regression Models for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper deals with a new approach of non-invasive glucose monitoring based on near infrared spectroscopy.The proposed approach is coupled with a regression analysis in order to improve the predictive capacity of the designed device.Basic spectral data is a comparison that has been established between linear and non-linear machine learning regression algorithms.The experimental results show that feed forward backpropagation neural network improves more the performance of the designed prototype than partial least square models.The squared correlation coefficient and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) regression model built were 0.9804 and 0.0784 respectively.The ANN regression model was then used in the validation step using 300 human serums with a concentration range of 08-297 mg/dl.Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) showed that 97% of the measured concentrations fall within the clinically acceptable regions.Results showed that the created model can open a new path to a noninvasive glucose monitoring.
Impact of 154-kV HTS Cable to Protection Systems of the Power Grid in South Korea

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the impact of HTS cables on the protective relay systems in a practical power transmission system. We particularly review the quenching possibility of 154-kV HTS cables and setting of existing distance relays in Jeju power system. Then, we propose a protection scheme for the first demonstration of the 154-kV HTS cable at Jeju power system in South Korea. The proposed protection scheme is verified by PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.
Mobile Commissioning Tool for Room Automation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Einführung \n \nIn der Siemens Raumautomation werden alle Raumgeräte durch einen Kontroller gesteuert. Die Raumkontroller werden in der nächsten Produkt Version (Einführung Ende 2011) untereinander über ein IP-Netz verbunden und besitzen einen integrierten Webserver für die Konfiguration des Kontrollers und den Datenpunkttest. Um einen Kontroller in Betrieb zu nehmen, muss der passende Raumkontroller im IP-Netz gesucht & identifiziert werden und es müssen Konfigurationsdateien in den Kontroller geladen werden, welche die Datenpunktzuweisungen festlegen. Nach der netzwerkseitigen Inbetriebnahme wird der Datenpunkttest durchgeführt, um zu überprüfen, ob die Verdrahtung zu den Feldgeräten im Raum und deren Funktion korrekt ist. Die Person welche den Datenpunkttest durchführt wird Installer genannt und verfügt nur über minimale PC Kenntnisse. \n \nProblemstellungen \n \n1. Unkonfigurierte Kontroller haben eine dynamisch vergebene IP und es ist nicht bekannt welcher Kontroller welche IP hat. \n \n2. Der Installer muss alle IPs der konfigurierten Kontroller kennen, welche er dann einzeln im Browser eintippen muss, um auf deren Konfigurationswebseite zugreifen zu können. Zusätzlich sollte er wissen, welche IP zu welchem physischen Kontroller gehört, der sich irgendwo im Gebäude befindet. \n \n3. Bei der Inbetriebnahme sind die Feldgeräte bereits im Gebäude installiert und mit dem Kontroller verkabelt. Beim Datenpunkttest muss die korrekte Verdrahtung der Kontroller \nüberprüft werden, wobei diese Tests am Notebook über die Webseite des Kontrollers ausgeführt werden. Während dem Test muss der Installer im Raum selbst überprüfen, ob beim \nVerändern der Werte auch wirklich das Licht angeht, oder die Lüftung startet. Es ist umständlich, die ganze Zeit mit dem Notebook im Gebäude herumzulaufen, die Webseite zu \nbedienen und gleichzeitig Tests an den Feldgeräten durchführen (z.B. Temperaturfühler erwärmen). \n \n4. Zurzeit ist geplant, dass der Datenpunkttest nur über eine für die Benutzung am PC optimierte HTML-Webseite durchgeführt werden kann, welche vom Kontroller direkt bereitgestellt wird. Die Bedienung einer solchen Webseite mit einem Smartphone o.ä. ist nicht Benutzerfreundlich. \n \nLösungsansatz \n \nDer Installer verwendet als primäres Gerät nicht mehr ein Notebook zur Inbetriebnahme sondern ein Smartphone, das über Wireless mit dem IP-Netz verbunden ist, und mit dem er sich frei im Gebäude bewegen kann und so z.B. den Datenpunkttest durchführt. Das Herkömmliche Datenpunkttest- \nTool verwendet Graphen, welche die Aktivitäten eines Datenpunktes in Realtime aufzeichnen. \nDies ermöglicht das One-Man-Commissioning, da der Installer dadurch zuerst an den Feldgeräten seine Tests durchführen kann, und danach mit dem Datenpunkttest-Tool überprüfen kann, ob die Aufgezeichneten Änderungen korrekt sind. \nDurch den Einsatz eines Smartphones würde die herkömmliche Graphaufzeichnung nicht mehr benötigt, da der Installer nun mit einer Hand die Tests an den Feldgeräten durführen und direkt auf dem Smartphone in der anderen Hand die Aktivitäten überprüfen kann.
Ekonomia wrażliwości a duch posthumanistyki. Wprowadzenie

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The category of post-human sensitivity (taken from the work of Rosi Braidotti) seems to be a key concept for understanding the nature of modern posthumanist. It doesn’t mean to challenge the man himself, but leads us to the need to rethink its subjectivity in the context of relations with other beings and in the context of global economic processes (including the context of economic sensitivity and its discursive character). Sensitivity should combine empathy with the knowledge and ability to be in a relationship with other entities (people, animals, social groups). It is a radical gesture of courage in times of extreme individualism and intolerance.
Alacran Francke 1982

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genus Alacran Francke, 1982 Type species.— Alacran tartarus Francke, 1982, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Alacran is the only genus of Typhlochactidae with incremental neobothriotaxy: the patella has 26– 27 trichobothria, including three on the ventral aspect (other genera in the family have two ventral trichobothria) (Prendini et al., in press, Table 3); and the chela has 29 trichobothria, including five on the ventral aspect (other genera have four) (Prendini et al., in press, Table 4). All the trichobothria are the same size; there are no “petite” trichobothria in this genus (Vignoli & Prendini, 2009). The two known species are eyeless troglobites from caves in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico.
The seasonal development dynamics of the yak hair cycle transcriptome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Mammalian hair play an important role in mammals' ability to adapt to changing climatic environments. The seasonal circulation of yak hair helps them adapt to high altitude but the regulation mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle (HF) cells during development are still unknown. Here, using time series data for whole genome expression profiles and hormone contents, we systematically analyzed the mechanism regulating the periodic expression of hair development in the yak and reviewed how different combinations of genetic pathways regulate HF development and cycling. Results: This study used high-throughput RNA sequencing to provide a detailed description of global gene expression in 15 samples from five developmental time points during the yak hair cycle. A total of 11,666 genes were found to be involved in the hair cycle. According to clustering analysis and the morphological features we observed, we found that these 15 samples could be significantly grouped into three phases, which represent different developmental periods in the hair cycle. A total of 2,316 genes were identified in these three consecutive developmental periods and their expression patterns could be divided into 9 clusters; GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed on these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), showing that the three periods have distinctive functions in the seasonal hair cycle. The regulatory network of related signaling factors highlighted the interaction and dynamic expression of key DEGs during the seasonal hair cycle. Through co-expression analysis, we revealed a number of modular hub genes highly associated with hormones that may play unique roles in hormonal regulation of events associated with the hair cycle. Conclusions: Our results revealed the molecular mechanisms and developmental regulatory networks of the seasonal hair cycle in the yak and filled a gap in the current research field. The findings will be valuable in further understanding the alpine adaptation mechanism in the yak, which is important in order to make full use of yak hair resources and promote the economic development of pastoral plateau areas. Keywords: Hair cycle, Seasonal development, Transcriptome, Yak
Facile Synthesis of a Fluorescent Deoxycytidine Analogue Suitable for Probing the RecA Nucleoprotein Filament

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the synthesis of the fluorescent 2'-deoxycytidine analogue 5-methylpyrimidin-2-one nucleoside, its incorporation at three specified sites in a single 60-nucleotide DNA molecule, and the use of its total and polarized intrinsic fluorescence to characterize RecA-DNA complexes. [reaction: see text]
Exploring ChatGPT’s capabilities in solving accounting standards problems: the case of IAS 37

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Using a quasi-experimental method and content analysis as a technique, this study tests ChatGPT, in its version 4, by assessing its textual characteristics and overall understanding regarding the recognition criteria of provisions under International Accounting Standards (IAS) 37, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). For this purpose, it uses a set of questions (input) from the IASB's illustrative examples to compare the answers (output) from IASB and ChatGPT in two distinct strategies: with and without prompting. The findings indicate that ChatGPT’s answers are wordier, have higher magnitude levels, and are more predominantly inserted in Business and Finance. The no-prompting strategy is globally more negative and subjective, while the prompting one improves the answers’ focus and readability, also presenting more diverse tones in its textual characteristics, similar to what was found in the IASB's answers. However, some answers were not globally accurate in both strategies. These findings provide insights into how ChatGPT, as one of the most disseminated artificial intelligence tools, can be used by accounting professionals and educators, being aware of the potential risks and benefits from both strategies underlying this experiment. Then, by considering those aspects, practitioners, including accountants and managers, but also investors can use it to understand the matters and issues under assessment in a given situation, as well as the sources to consider when preparing financial statements or making a decision. Academics can also use it to open up discussions and promote students’ critical thinking skills in a classroom environment.
Investigation of the insulation performance of the insulator covered with Lichen

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of an investigation of the dielectric strength of lichen-contaminated insulators removed from actual transmission lines of three different countries are reported. All of the insulators showed low equivalent salt-deposit density. It seems that lichen on its own cannot cause flashover of the insulators. Flashover may be caused only if the thickness of the lichen is very great and/or there is superposition of salt.< >
Analyzing teacher candidates' arguments on AI integration in education via different chatbots

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The burgeoning role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education prompts crucial discussions regarding its implications for teaching and learning. This qualitative study probes the argumentative perspectives of 118 teacher candidates from Iğdır University on the integration of AI into educational practices. Employing Toulmin's (1958) model, we analyzed their arguments, which encompass claims, evidence, warrants, backings, rebuttals, and conclusions, to ascertain their stance on AI's pedagogical integration. Utilizing four distinct AI chatbots—GPT-4, Gemini AI, Claude 3 Haiku, and Mistral AI—the research deciphers thematic undercurrents within these dimensions. Moreover, a novel methodological contribution is made through 'negative space exploration', focusing on the unmentioned themes to identify latent biases and assumptions in the argumentation. The study's dual analytical approach, combining AI-driven theme identification and negative space exploration, resulted in an enriched understanding of the content. Key findings suggest a nuanced perception among participants: while AI chatbots are acknowledged for enhancing educational efficiency and enabling personalized learning, concerns regarding diminished human interaction, potential erosion of critical thinking skills, and ethical use persist. The analyses also highlight the need for a balanced AI implementation that supports, not supplants, traditional educational methods. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on effective AI integration in education and calls for responsible pedagogical adoption of AI technologies.
A Comparison of the Mortality Experience of U.S. Adults Estimated With the 2006-2018 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files and the Annual U.S. Life Tables.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective-Linking data is a powerful mechanism to provide policy-relevant information. The National Center for Health Statistics' Data Linkage Program produces linked mortality files (LMFs) for research by linking data from the National Center for Health Statistics' surveys, including the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), to mortality data from the National Death Index. Assessing the accuracy of the linked data is an important step in ensuring its analytic use. This report compares the cumulative survival probabilities estimated with the 2006-2018 NHIS LMFs to those from the annual U.S. life tables.
Building Linkages between Nursing Care and Improved Patient Outcomes: The Role of Health Information Technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health information technology (health IT or HIT) holds the potential to transform the quality of care and to establish linkages between nursing care and patient outcomes. This article defines eMeasurement and describes Quality of Care Definitions and Metrics for Evaluation. The authors explore the role of health IT to improve quality, barriers to eMeasurement, and health IT interventions by considering linkages between nursing care and patient outcomes for a select set of nursing sensitive indicators including patient falls, pressure ulcers, and the patient experience. We discuss specific challenges, such as barriers for routine data capture to populate nursing sensitive indicators and the use of health IT to promote positive outcomes. The conclusion addresses the implications of the current state of health IT and identifies areas for further nursing research.
Retinal vascular development is mediated by endothelial filopodia, a preexisting astrocytic template and specific R-cadherin adhesion.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

. These studies suggest that angiogenesis and formation of vascular patterns in the retina may use many of the same developmental cues used by neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, retinal vascular endothelial cell guidance mediated by filopodial extensions and neuronal guidance cues may represent a novel conceptual framework within which to study the establishment of vascular patterns in a variety of angiogenic systems.
Leadership Challenges of the Rural School Principal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As stress impacts the organization and operations of a school, leader stressors may be determined by the setting, years of experience of the leader and the greater educational landscape in which the principal must lead. The researchers sought to differentiate between the perceived stress and joy of urban and rural school principals. Findings derived from this time series design inquiry suggest that despite external influence, there is limited change in reported stress of rural school principals. Though the leadership in any setting is complex and multi-faceted, the researchers identified and assessed contributing factors.
ANALISA KALIBRASI ALAT PHOTOTHERAPY UNIT MENGGUNAKAN PHOTOTHERAPY RADIOMETER

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Jaundice in newborns from January 2013 to December 2015, with a sample size of 223 babies. To treat jaundice in babies, Phototherapy is used. Phototherapy is the first action therapy for newborns with hyperbilirunemia. The provision of effective phototherapy is the main factor in the rapid management of hyperbilirubinemia.
STUDY OF LOW-FREQUENCY MOTIONS IN LIQUID BENZENE BY NEUTRON SCATTERING

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Inclastic scattering of $225 cm^{-1}$ neutrons from liquid benzene has been observed at several angles by time-of-flight techniques. Effects of instrument resolution, multiple scattering, and coherent scattering have been estimated and accounted for, and the resulting incoherent scattering is analyzed in terms of the interpolation model of Yip $et al.^{1}$ for molecular liquids. The model describes intermolecular translations and rotations, and in the present case frequencies in the range from 0 to $100 cm^{-1}$ are considered. Frequencies which are required to fit these data will be compared to those in solid $benzene,^{2}$ and to i.r. and Raman measurements on liquid benzene.
[Viral therapy of cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In spite of the advances achieved in cancer therapeutics, conventional therapies still face problems such as toxicity to normal tissues and low efficacy in advanced phases of the disease. One of the most recent options, albeit experimental, is gene therapy. This strategy shows higher specificity than conventional therapies, but the low efficiency of gene transduction is a hurdle yet to be overcome, and the clinical trials have not shown the expected efficacy. Recently, oncolytic viruses have revived as an alternative in the field of cancer therapeutics. By virtue of the advances in virology and molecular biology techniques, the manipulation of viral genomes to attenuate their pathogenicity and the modification of their life cycle to allow tumor specific viral replication are now possible. At the moment, adenovirus and herpes simplex type 1 mutants are the most commonly employed viruses. Recent clinical trials using these mutant viruses have shown safety and efficacy. Moreover, viral therapy has been combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy demonstrating additive antineoplastic effects. In this manuscript, we review the biology behind this therapy, the obstacles, and the ongoing clinical trials.
The phylogenetic development of food selection in certain Orthopteroids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The horse, Equus, has long enjoyed a k-ind of pre-eminence in the \neyes of biologists. So instructive and apparently well-documented are \nthe facts of its evolution that a discussion of them is a part of most \nelementary courses in zoology. Several decades of students have beeil \ntaught that the horse finds its origin in the Eocene with the rise of the \nhumble forest-dweller Eohip pus. This cat-sized animal of browzing \nhabit was dramatically transformed into modern Equus through a \nseries of increases in body size and changes in teeth and legs adapting \nit for a cursorial, grazing existence. These adaptations followed \nknown changes in the Tertiary landscape from moist woodland to \ndry grassland.
The constitutional court of the Republic of Croatia in the application and protection of the constitutional value of the rule of law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, the framer of the Constitution defines and prescribes the highest values of the constitutional order of the Republic of Croatia, which also form the basis for the interpretation of the Constitution. The highest values of the constitutional order are binding for all subjects that implement the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, from the legislative, executive and judicial branches to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. The rule of law is one of the highest values of the constitutional order of the Republic of Croatia. The Croatian Constitution recognises that all the highest values of the Croatian constitutional order are of equal value. In concrete cases, however, there may be contradictions between individual values, so it is necessary to find the right balance between them. Another characteristic of the highest values of the Croatian constitutional order is the fact that the Constitution does not define their content in detail. Their content is identifiable, but not explicit. All subjects that implement the Constitution are obliged to interpret it on the basis of the highest constitutional values. However, only one of these bodies, the Constitutional Court, enjoys such a constitutional status that enables it to interpret these values, and this interpretation, which is expressed in its decisions, has a generally binding force erga omnes. In its jurisprudence, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia has in several cases encountered the need to decide what it understands by the rule of law, as one of the highest values of the constitutional order of the Republic of Croatia. On the basis of its constitutional jurisdiction and its constitutional status as the guardian and protector of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court has expressed in several of its decisions what it considers to be the rule of law. These positions of the Constitutional Court are highly important for the implementation and protection of the rule of law as one of the highest values of the constitutional and legal order of the Republic of Croatia. In this paper, I will examine the concept of the rule of law as the highest value of the constitutional legal order from a theoretical perspective, as well as the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, which also includes its activist role in defining the content of this value.