jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relativity of Attraction to Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-School Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discover the level of attraction to physical activity and health-related physical fitness in pre-school children and to analyze the relativity between these two factors as a way to provide the base data for health promotion in children. Method: Health-related physical fitness measurements were obtained for the subjects (224 children, 5-6 years of age), by facilitating the measuring devices and attraction to physical activity using a survey questionnaire to collect pertinent information. An analysis was implemented for mean and standard deviation of each variable and an independent t-test was conducted for gender differences. Two-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the relationship between attitude toward physical activity and health fitness. Result: The attraction to physical activity of pre-school children on average is displayed with a preference of 14.28 points, self-confidence of 15.23 points, and enjoyment of 14.55 points. As for health-related physical fitness, the muscle strength endurance was 9.33 times, flexibility 9.85 cm, muscle strength endurance and flexibility 20.73 cm, and body composition 15.86 kg/m2. Attraction to physical activity and health-related physical fitness showed no difference according to gender; however, physical muscle strength endurance and muscle strength endurance and flexibility were found to be different according to age. Flexibility and body mass index did not correlate with attraction to physical activity but the preference and self-confidence of attraction to physical activity were related to muscle strength endurance. Furthermore, muscle strength endurance and flexibility and the enjoyment of physical activity were also related to muscle strength endurance development. Conclusion: The attraction to physical activity is definitely related to health-related physical fitness. There is a need for development, research and dispersion of an education program for physical activities that consider the attraction to physical activity for preference, enjoyment, and self-confidence regarding physical activities.
Agfa brings TeraRecon’s 3D to IMPAX

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The effects of an agreement signed in the run-up to RSNA 2010 changed the IT approaches of two companies on the exhibit floor, TeraRecon and Agfa HealthCare. One week before the imaging community trekked to Chicago, these two companies cut a deal to make TeraRecon’s thin-client iNtuition an integral part of Agfa’s IMPAX 6 PAC system
Issue Editorial Masthead

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIssue Editorial MastheadCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 2019, 64, 6, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):June 13, 2019Publication History Published online13 June 2019Published inissue 13 June 2019https://doi.org/10.1021/jev064i006_1287781Copyright © 2019 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (149 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
[Laser flow cytofluorimetry in the study of papilloma virus-induced lesions].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HPV insertion into the genome can cause permanent changes in cellular DNA that disturb the regulation of cell proliferation. Most HPV-induced epithelial proliferative disease are benign, but not all. We have studied both types of lesion by automated laser flow cytometry to see if there were any permanent changes in the DNA that might serve as reliable prognostic indicators. There were 101 lesions of interest to the dermatologist, stomatologist and gynecologist. Although fluctuations in yields of cells make it difficult to formulate definite conclusions, since many results are heterogeneous and hard to summarize, we found dysplastic and metaplastic lesions always to be hyper- or hypodiploid and to our surprise two cases of common wart were hyperdisploid and another hypodiploid. This present study shows that laser flow cytometry can detect changes in the genome of lesions known to become malignant when the histological degree of transformation still indicates only a preneoplastic condition. This raises the problem of how we should label lesions like common warts, since laser flow cytometry clearly shows that they have net changes, though slight, in DNA content.
Effect of intraduodenal fat on lower oesophageal sphincter function and gastro-oesophageal reflux.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fatty foods are commonly reported to aggravate gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms. In this study the hypothesis that fat provokes reflux by stimulating transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations via small intestinal receptors was investigated. METHODS: In 12 healthy volunteers and 11 patients with reflux oesophagitis, oesophageal motility and pH were measured over 30 minute periods during which saline or fat (10% Intralipid) were infused in random order into the duodenum. The infusion periods were separated by a 30 minute washout. The stomach was loaded with 200 ml 10% dextrose, maintained by an intragastric infusion. RESULTS: Fat decreased basal LOS pressure from 16.9 (SEM 2.1) to 12.4 (SEM 1.5) mm Hg in normal subjects but had no effect in patients with oesophagitis (18.8 (SEM 4.3) v 18.2 (SEM 3.0) mm Hg). During saline infusion, the rates of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and reflux episodes were greater in patients (4.5 (interquartile range 2-11)/30 min and 5 (2-14)/30 min respectively) than in controls (3 (2-4)/30 min and 3 (2-3.5)/30 min respectively). Fat increased the rate of reflux episodes in the reflux patients to 6.5 (3-25)/30 min. This effect was due to an increase in the incidence of reflux during transient LOS relaxations (65% v 91%), the rate of transient relaxations remaining unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Instillation of fat directly into the duodenum aggravates reflux in patients with reflux disease, by increasing the proportion of transient LOS relaxations accompanied by reflux.
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by Real‐Time Reverse Transcription Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We established a rapid, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) assay targeting the envelope gene of Japanese encephalitis virus. The RT‐LAMP enabled us to detect the target product within 1 hr by only reacting reverse transcriptase and Bst DNA polymerase in a single tube at an isothermal temperature. The detection sensitivity of the RT‐LAMP for Japanese encephalitis virus was 1 PFU, similar to that of conventional reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis virus group, such as Dengue virus and West Nile virus, could not be detected. This confirmed the specificity of the RT‐LAMP assay for Japanese encephalitis virus. A standard curve was constructed by plotting viral titer against the time for virus detection by the RT‐LAMP, validating the quantitative accuracy of the assay. In addition, the amount of virus estimated by RT‐LAMP was strongly correlated ( r =0.902) with that determined by plaque assay, a conventional method for virus quantification. These results indicate that the RT‐LAMP assay established in this study is specific for Japanese encephalitis virus, and allows more rapid detection and quantification of the virus.
Analytic Arrival-Time Prediction Method for the Largest Wave of Tsunami Trapped by Parabolic Oceanic Ridges

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Oceanic ridges could act as waveguides transferring tsunami energy to thousands of kilometers away, pumping large energy in to far-field regions as a secondary source. The shallow-water wave velocity [Formula: see text] can only predict the arrival time of the early signals accurately but can hardly estimate that of ridge-trapped waves. The present study provides a fast analytic prediction method to estimate the arrival time of the subsequent large trapped waves. The method is based on the energy velocity solution of trapped waves over the uniform parabolic-shaped submerged ridge. Records of two-tide gauge stations, located nearby Sand Island and Nawiliwili for the 2011 Tohoku tsunami are chosen to illustrate the application of this method. The Sand Island record shows typical open-ocean island characteristics that the maximum wave height is followed by rapid amplitude decay. While the Nawiliwili record is strongly affected by topographical trapping effect of the Hawaii Ridge, and several subsequent wave trains carrying large energy arrive within one day duration. Further investigations show that the present analytic method is able to estimate the arrival time for these distinguished subsequent trains.
Regulation of Monoterpene Accumulation in Leaves of Peppermint

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plants synthesize numerous classes of natural products that accumulate during development and are thought to function as constitutive defenses against herbivores and pathogens. However, little information is available about how the levels of such defenses are regulated. We measured the accumulation of monoterpenes, a model group of constitutive defenses, in peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.) leaves and investigated several physiological processes that could regulate their accumulation: the rate of biosynthesis, the rate of metabolic loss, and the rate of volatilization. Monoterpene accumulation was found to be restricted to leaves of 12 to 20 d of age, the period of maximal leaf expansion. The rate of monoterpene biosynthesis determined by14CO2 incorporation was closely correlated with monoterpene accumulation, as determined by gas chromatographic analysis, and appeared to be the principal factor controlling the monoterpene level of peppermint leaves. No significant catabolic losses of monoterpenes were detected throughout leaf development, and monoterpene volatilization was found to occur at a very low rate, which, on a monthly basis, represented less than 1% of the total pool of stored monoterpenes. The composition of volatilized monoterpenes differed significantly from that of the total plant monoterpene pool, suggesting that these volatilized products may arise from a separate secretory system. With the demonstration that the rate of biosynthesis is the chief process that determines monoterpene accumulation in peppermint, efforts to improve production in this species can now focus on the genes, enzymes, and cell differentiation processes that regulate monoterpene biosynthesis.
S1318 STW5 Leads to Changes in Immunologic Response, as Assessed by Cytokine Secretion, in Healthy Controls, but Not Subjects With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

STW5 Leads to Changes in Immunologic Response, as Assessed by Cytokine Secretion, in Healthy Controls, but Not Subjects With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Jenny Persson, Gerald Holtmann, Amelia N. Pilichiewicz, Montri Gururatsakul, MingXian Yan, Edmund C. Khoo, Judith Gapasin, Charlotte Goess, Nora B. Zschau, Lee-Anne Faraguna, Birgit Adam, Tobias Liebregts, Richard H. Holloway, Jane M. Andrews
An analytical framework for common-pool resource–large technical system (CPR-LTS) constellations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces an analytical framework for a special phenomenon: when a common-pool resource (CPR) institution and a large technical system (LTS) are connected and mutually interdependent. The CPR in this case is a node managed by its appropriators within a centrally planned and managed system; here named CPR-LTS constellations. Our framework is empirically derived from two historical investigations of CPR institutions within two LTSs, the agricultural-technical system and the road transport system of Sweden. By comparing similarities and differences it is possible to identify paths to successes and failures. To understand why one survived and the other disappeared we connect Elinor Ostrom's theories about management of CPRs with Thomas P. Hughes's theories about LTSs. We are proposing a framework that can bridge the gap between theories about management of CPRs and LTSs. By combining the two theories it should be possible to better understand how small-scale producers using bottom-up CPRs can be linked to top-down LTSs.We will argue that to fit within an LTS, a CPR needs alignment between different parts or components within the constellation/system and alignment with other systems and institutions in society. We propose three analytical levels to deal with the phenomenon of aligning a CPR project to an existing, large sociotechnical system:Local alignment (CPR): How are CPRs organized and managed at local sites?Sociotechnical alignment (CPR-LTS): How are CPRs connected to the sociotechnical system?Contextual alignment: How are CPR-LTS constellations aligned with neighboring institutions and systems in society?Our work indicates that for successful management of a CPR-LTS constellation it is important that the CPR be included in legislation and that government agencies support the CPR in alignment with the LTS. Legislators must recognize the CPR-part in the CPR-LTS constellation so that its institutional body is firmly established in society. In this study, we have used the framework ex-post; however, we anticipate that the framework could be a diagnostic tool ex-ante for CPR-LTS constellations.
Murepavadin: a new antibiotic class in the pipeline

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

With the increase in multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, antimicrobials with a novel mechanism of action are needed that can target these infections. Areas covered: Intravenous murepavadin is in Phase 3 development for the treatment of HABP/VABP due to P. aeruginosa. This paper summarizes the available information on the discovery, the in vitro activity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and the clinical pharmacology of murepavadin to date. Expert commentary: P. aeruginosa has an intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics due to high cellular impermeability and efficient drug efflux mechanisms, and the recent increase in prevalence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections are particularly threatening in ICU settings. Murepavadin is a pathogen specific antimicrobial peptidomimetic with a novel, non-lytic mechanism of action, and is the first in class of outer membrane protein targeting antibiotics which are being developed. Murepavadin displays a potent in vitro activity including carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa. Murepavadin is active in pre-clinical animal models including infections with XDR isolates. The Pharmacokinetics is well characterized including subjects with impaired renal function and patients with VABP. Intravenous murepavadin is currently under clinical development for the treatment of HABP/VABP due to P. aeruginosa infection.
Impact of metabolic disorders on endometrial receptivity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study investigated the expression of endometrial receptivity-related molecules in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and different androgen status, insulin resistance (IR) levels, and body mass indexes (BMI) to identify the mechanism underlying their effects on pregnancy outcomes. The present study recruited 43 participants from November 2020 to January 2021, which were classified into five groups: i) Hyperandrogenemia (HA) combined with impaired glucose tolerance group (n=8); ii) HA combined with diabetes mellitus group (n=8); iii) HA combined with non-IR (NIR) group (n=10); iv) non-HA (NHA) androgen combined with IR group (n=8); and v) NHA combined with NIR group (n=9). In addition, according to their BMIs, patients were sub-grouped into lean/normal (n=27), overweight (n=8) or obese (n=8) groups. The mRNA expression levels of endometrial receptivity-related molecules were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the phenotype and percentage of uterine natural killer cells (uNK). According to the results, patients with PCOS and IR status, HA and obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) demonstrated significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR)1, AdipoR2, adapter protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1, estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR), IL-15, integrin β3 avβ3, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, but increased mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with NHA + NIR group or lean/normal group, respectively. In addition, obese patients with PCOS demonstrated increased mRNA expression levels of PR compared with overweight patients. This suggested that insulin resistant status, HA, and obesity could alter the endometrial receptivity of patients with PCOS, which may explain poorer embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes in clinics.
Establishing World History as a Teaching Field: Comments from the Field

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

IN THE PAST TWENTY YEARS, world history advocates have persuaded states across the nation to replace western civilization courses in the public schools with world history. The trend to adopt world history courses is happening perhaps more rapidly than was anticipated. With some frustration, however, world historians are recognizing that the world history label on a course does not necessarily mean a global perspective is being taught in the classroom. If teachers were presenting a curriculum informed by a global perspective, by interpretations based on the work of world historians, and by teaching strategies that were tailored to the world history field, we might say that world history had been established as a teaching field. That clearly has not happened yet, because state curriculum committees, public schools and teachers seem to have settled for a curriculum that merely reflects the old western civilization paradigm rather than presenting a fresh and dynamic global approach to world history. What needs to be done to ensure that instruction reflects world historiography and that we move beyond old curricula? As a world history educator at the undergraduate and graduate level and a methods instructor for history/social science teacher candidates at a university with a long tradition of teacher training in California, I have compiled a series of
A New Formulation for the Prediction of Polyethylene Wear in Artificial Hip Joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Artificial joints employing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are widely used to treat joint diseases and trauma. Wear of the polymer bearing surface largely limits the use of these joints in younger and more active patients. Previous studies have shown the wear factor used in Archard's law for the conventional polyethylene to be highly dependent on contact pressure and this has produced variability in experimental data and has constrained the reliability and applicability of previous computational predictions. A new wear law is proposed, based on wear volume being dependent on, and proportional to, the product of the sliding distance and contact area. The dimensionless proportional constant, wear coefficient, which was independent of contact pressure, was determined from a multi-directional pin on plate study. This was used in computational predictions of the wear of the conventional UHMWPE hip joints. The wear of the polyethylene cup was independently experimentally determined in physiological full hip joint simulator studies. The predicted wear rate from the new computational model was generally increased, with an improved agreement with the experimental measurement compared with the previous computational model. It was shown that wear in the UHMWPE hip joints increased as head size and contact area increased. This resulted in a much larger increase in the wear rate as the head size increased, compared with the previous computational model, and is consistent with clinical observations. This new understanding of the wear mechanism in artificial joints using the UHMWPE bearing surfaces, and the improved ability to predict wear independently and to address previously described discrepancies offer new opportunities to optimize design parameters.
Are there honest intentions in the fight against doping? The case of Cyprus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Doping and the use of prohibited substances is one of the major issues that sport is facing currently in Cyprus. The fact that an increasing number of athletes tested positive on the island over the last couple of years raised additional concerns and the issue became even more contentious. In this climate of controversy and concern regarding doping and the use of prohibited substances by athletes in Cyprus, the Cyprus Sport Organization took a radical decision in 2008 in which the Cyprus National Anti-Doping Agency, which had been operating for over 20 years as a branch of the Cyprus Sport Organization, would cease to operate by May 2009, giving its position over to the Cyprus National Anti-Doping Organization (NADO), as prescribed by the international anti-doping agencies. The aim of this paper is to examine one basic issue: Are there honest intentions or not in the fight against doping in the case of Cyprus? The cause for this research paper arose from the experiences gathered during the process of the transformation of the Cyprus National Anti-Doping Agency to a National Anti-Doping Organization, and especially from the resistance that evolved from the top sports administrators in the National Sports Federations in Cyprus. What are the true intentions of sports administrators, then? Do they honestly wish to fight doping or not?
Thomas M. McCoog, The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England, 1598–1606: “Lest Our Lamp be Entirely Extinguished”, Catholic Christendom 1300–1700/Biblioteca Instituti Historici Societatis Iesu 78, Leiden and Boston: Brill/Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, 2017, pp.xiv + 612, €139, ISBN: 9789004330443

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thomas M. McCoog, The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England, 1598–1606: “Lest Our Lamp be Entirely Extinguished”, Catholic Christendom 1300–1700/Biblioteca Instituti Historici Societatis Iesu 78, Leiden and Boston: Brill/Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, 2017, pp.xiv + 612, €139, ISBN: 9789004330443 - Volume 34 Issue 2