jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1277315.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The four dimensions of power: conflict and democracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article theorizes the four dimensions of power, which builds upon the work of Dahl, Lukes, Foucault, Bourdieu, and Giddens, among others. The four dimensions correspond to four aspects of social interaction. The first dimension refers to the agency-energy aspect of interaction. The second concerns the structural components. The third concerns the epistemic element of interaction. The fourth relates to the social ontological elements of social subjects. The theory has implications for both normative and empirical research. Normatively the theory provides a pragmatist power-oriented way of building democratic theory. Empirically the theory provides a power-oriented conceptual map of everyday interaction.
The Effect of Air Pollution on Fertility Intentions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Together with fast economic growths in recent decades and subsequent environmental pollutions, fertility rates have declined dramatically in China. Considering fertility intention is an essential predictor for fertility rate, we examine the effect of air pollution on fertility intentions in China. Using data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) collected in 2010 and 2013, we find a negative and significant impact of air pollution on people’s fertility intentions. More importantly, after we restrict the sample to people who have been living in current places for a long period of time, the estimated effect of air pollution decreases but remains significant, indicating existence of endogeneity of air pollution on fertility intentions. For the government to take measures to raise fertility rates in China, it is important to take into account the factor of air pollution.
The MANDELA model of practice learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article introduces the MANDELA model as a new and innovative tool for effectively engaging social work students of black African heritage studying on social work qualifying programmes across England and Wales. The article explores in depth this proposed model drawing upon initial feedback from two critical friends- a white male practice educator and a black African female third year social work student. The potential challenges and strengths of this model are examined, as well as guidance on its use and application within the practice learning environment. The MANDELA model draws upon existing strategies and adds a distinct and unique African flavour, whilst not losing its pedagogic relevance for lecturers, practice educators and students.
Two modified selenite media for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from meats

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the few human pathogens that grows at the proper food refrigeration temperatures of 0 to 5 degrees C. Although the isolation of environmental biotypes of Y. enterocolitica from many types of food and water has been reported in the literature, the recovery of the sensitive strains inoculated into foods has been slow and uncertain. Rapid recovery of several clinical strains inoculated into meats was accomplished by using two modified selenite broths without added nutrients. It was critical to restrict the sample size of the blended meat suspension at the 0.2-g/100 ml level, thereby restricting the growth of the total bacterial population in the selenite enrichment media. Otherwise, the slower growing Y. enterocolitica would be overwhelmed by the faster growing normal bacterial flora from the meat. Both the resistant serotype O:3 and the sensitive O:8 clinical isolates of Y. enterocolitica were recovered from the modified selenite enrichment media after 2 and 3 days of incubation at 22 degrees C.
Approximate Multiagent Reinforcement Learning for On-Demand Urban Mobility Problem on a Large Map (extended version)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we focus on the autonomous multiagent taxi routing problem for a large urban environment where the location and number of future ride requests are unknown a-priori, but can be estimated by an empirical distribution. Recent theory has shown that a rollout algorithm with a stable base policy produces a near-optimal stable policy. In the routing setting, a policy is stable if its execution keeps the number of outstanding requests uniformly bounded over time. Although, rollout-based approaches are well-suited for learning cooperative multiagent policies with considerations for future demand, applying such methods to a large urban environment can be computationally expensive due to the large number of taxis required for stability. In this paper, we aim to address the computational bottleneck of multiagent rollout by proposing an approximate multiagent rollout-based two phase algorithm that reduces computational costs, while still achieving a stable near-optimal policy. Our approach partitions the graph into sectors based on the predicted demand and the maximum number of taxis that can run sequentially given the user's computational resources. The algorithm then applies instantaneous assignment (IA) for re-balancing taxis across sectors and a sector-wide multiagent rollout algorithm that is executed in parallel for each sector. We provide two main theoretical results: 1) characterize the number of taxis $m$ that is sufficient for IA to be stable; 2) derive a necessary condition on $m$ to maintain stability for IA as time goes to infinity. Our numerical results show that our approach achieves stability for an $m$ that satisfies the theoretical conditions. We also empirically demonstrate that our proposed two phase algorithm has equivalent performance to the one-at-a-time rollout over the entire map, but with significantly lower runtimes.
Linearization of Multi-Octave Power Amplifiers with Strong Memory Effects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multi-octave power amplifiers (PAs) with strong memory effects often cannot be well approximated with the existing digital predistortion (DPD) models due to the overlapping between the operating band and the envelope band. A novel envelope-modulated memory polynomial (EMMP) model is proposed in this letter to linearize such ultra wideband PAs. The envelope modulation on the supply rail is incorporated into the conventional memory polynomial (MP) model in order to enhance the modelling of memory effects. Experiments were performed on a 1 MHz-3100 MHz PA. The PA was driven at 600MHz and 2600-MHz carrier frequencies using a 16QAM 10-MHz bandwidth signal. After the proposed DPD, the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) was improved from -33 dBc to -49 dBc and the error vector magnitude (EVM) was improved by about 13 dB.
The regulation of Islamic banking in Mauritius

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the main components of the regulatory framework for Islamic banking in Mauritius. This small island state of the Indian Ocean aspires to host Islamic banking products while diversifying the range of financial services offered within its hybrid jurisdiction despite having a minority Muslim population. The study also aims at drawing some comparisons with the well-established regulatory framework that applies to conventional banking. Design/methodology/approach In this qualitative analysis of the regulatory framework of Islamic banking in Mauritius, the doctrinal approach is adopted. This method relies principally on a scrutiny of the provisions of the law and delves into the primary and secondary sources of law guiding Islamic banking practices in the Mauritian jurisdiction. Findings The research study concludes that, with the view of encouraging investors into Islamic banking, policymakers took some regulatory initiatives but these remained timid. These initiatives relied too often on borrowing from the regulatory framework in place for conventional banking practices instead of regulating the area within its own precepts. Prospects for expanding Islamic banking exist but will require more audacious regulatory steps so as to secure the environment within which Islamic banking is to flourish. In the meantime, the industry is in a status quo position with no further legal action currently being envisaged to re-launch this area. Originality/value This research study is among the first generated specifically on the regulatory framework of Islamic banking in a small financial centre that operates mostly offshore financial activities. Previous research work either focused on the empirical analysis or on reviewing the challenges and the prospects but no study has provided an in-depth analysis of the regulatory provisions circumscribing Islamic banking. This lacuna is being filled up by this research paper which highlights the regulatory needs of Islamic banking and comments on the inclusion of and the need for specific rules related to Islamic finance instead of relying on the overlap with conventional banking laws.
Transient Interaction of Plane Acoustic Waves with a Spherical Elastic Shell

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of the transient interaction of plane pulse waves and an elastic spherical shell is solved exactly within the scope of linear acoustic and thin shell theories and within the limit of series solution. Detailed numerical results for the transient and vibratory responses of the shell are presented, and some interesting features of the transient wave shell interaction are revealed.
Practical approaches to improve laboratory performance and transfusion safety.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Laboratory quality can be defined as "doing the right thing right." The chance of doing the right thing right is greater if basic process control systems are implemented in laboratories. The elements of process control were reviewed, and practical suggestions for organizing procedures, training, determining competency, maintaining equipment, and implementing self-assessment and process improvement activities were offered. Although process control can improve the reliability of internal operations, the quality of patient care can be further improved by extending this level of control outward to include interaction with patients. Finally, to expand the concept of quality, quality activities must be extended toward a multidisciplinary model of coordinated care.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI SEKOLAH DAN SUPERVISI PEMBELAJARAN KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH (MTs) DI DISTRIK ABEPURA KOTA JAYAPURA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of school organizational culture and the principal's learning supervision of teacher performance. Data was collected through a closed questionnaire to educators at madrasah - madrasah tsanawiyah at the junior high school level in Abepura District with a total of 3 schools. The number of samples is 38 people. Data analysis uses the help of a data processing application, namely SPSS 16. The results of the research include 1. the influence of school organizational culture on teacher performance with an r value of 0.379. This can be interpreted as a weak relationship. 2. There is an influence between learning supervision on teacher performance with an r value of 0.487. It can be interpreted that there is sufficient ridge 3. There is a significant influence between the culture of the school organization and the supervision of learning on teacher performance with a value of 0.523. Meanwhile, the contribution made by the X1 variable, namely the school organizational culture and the X2 variable, namely the supervision of the school principal's learning towards Y, namely the teacher's performance of 23.2%. The rest is obtained by other factors. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Learning Supervision, Teacher Performance
Identification of an anti-plant-virus molecule in Alpinia zerumbet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In plants, viral diseases are second only to fungal diseases in terms of occurrence, and cause substantial damage to agricultural crops. The aqueous extracts of shell ginger, Alpinia zerumbet exhibit inhibitory effects against virus infections in belonging to the Solanaceae family. In this study, we isolated an anti-plant-virus molecule from the extracts using a conventional method involving a combination of reversed phase column chromatography, dialysis, and lyophilization. The anti-plant-virus molecule was identified as proanthocyanidin, which mostly consisted of epicatechin and exhibited more than 40 degrees of polymerization.
X-Linked Recessive Form of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in A 7-Year-Old Boy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by the inability of renal collecting duct cells to respond to arginine vasopressin (AVP)/antidiuretic hormone (ADH). We present the case of a 7-year-old boy with a history of excretion of large amounts of dilute urine and polydipsia since infancy. The boy had several vomiting episodes with mild dehydration during the first 3 years of life. There was no evidence of headaches, dizziness or visual problems. He drinks between 2 and 3 L/day and has 24-hour diuresis of 2 liters, now. He has prepubertal appearance with appropriate weight [+0.85 standard deviation score (SDS)] and height (+0.15 SDS) for his age. His intelligence was also normal. The water deprivation test showed low urine osmolality after 8 hours of dehydration. After desmopressin administration, urine osmolality remained low. Serum osmolality was in the normal range for sex and age before and after desmopressin administration. This indicated a nephrogenic form of diabetes insipidus. Molecular analyses revealed a P286L [p.Pro(CCC)286Leu(CTC)] mutation in the AVPR2 gene, that was inherited from his mother. This patient is the first case with genetically confirmed X-linked inherited form of NDI in the Republic of Macedonia. Molecular analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis and enabled genetic advice for this family.
ASSESSMENT AND ALGORITHM FOR MENINGOCELE AND MYELOMENINGOCELE BACK DEFECT REPAIR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) arises from an occurring defect within the neurulation process. Based on embryological considerations as well as the presence or the absence of exposed neural tissue, NTDs are classified into 2 types: Open Neural tube defects (ONTDs) or Closed Neural tube defects (CNTDs).• ONTDs tend to impact the entire central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., Chiari II malformation, concomitant hydrocephalus). Besides, failure of the primary neurulation process could lead to ONTDs. There may be a possible leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to neural tissue exposure. • CNTDs are commonly localized and confined to the spine (rarely impacting thebrain) arising from a defect within the 2ryneurulation. There is no exposure of neural tissue, and the lesion can be dysplastic. Cranial presentations include the following:• Anencephaly.• Encephalocele.• Congenital dermal sinus.Spinal presentations include the following:• Spina bifida aperta (cystica)A-Meningocele.B-Myelomeningocele.• Spina bifida ocultaA- Congenital dermal sinusB- Lipomatous malformations (lipomyelomeningoceles)C- Split-cord malformation• Diastematomyelia• DiplomyeliaD- Caudal agenesis.
The Impact of Test Sophistication on Tenth Grade Students’ Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) Scores

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether test sophistication training would result in more tenth grade students achieving performance levels on the Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) subtests in mathematics and reading which would entitle them to receive the state endorsed diploma.\nTwo groups of English II students (grade 10) from the same school participated in the study. One group received test sophistication instruction, and the other received no treatment. During the test sophistication training, students were instructed using the Ace That Test Preparation for Success Student Guide (Yarosz & Yarosz, 1991a) which was based on the areas of test wiseness that had been identified in the research as follows: motivation, time-on-task, learning by doing, reinforcement of learning, sharing of common problems and solutions by peers, and developing competence as a means of building confidence.\nSecondary goals of the study were to determine if gender-related differences in achievement existed, and if there was an interaction effect between the type of group (instructed or not instructed) and gender, on achievement and self-reports of how the students performed on the reading test.\nA sample of 46 tenth grade students from a rural Michigan school district was selected for this study. Students were members of two tenth grade English II classes, which were determined to be equivalent on measures of grade point average, the Verbal Reasoning subtest of the Differential Aptitude Test (1982), and the pre-test of the Ace That Test test sophistication training program. Both groups were given the Ace That Test Form EY post-test, and also took the MEAP tests of mathematics, story reading and informational reading. Both also completed the self-reports of performance, effort and interest on the story and informational reading tests.\nThe data analysis showed that students who experienced the test sophistication training scored significantly higher (p < .05) on the post-test of test sophistication than those students who had not experienced the training. No other significant results were found.\nThe findings of this study suggest that the MEAP test may not be subject to the influence of test sophistication training.
Electromagnetic field‐induced adaptive response in Schwann cells through DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and oxidative stress

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Schwannomas are benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system arising from the transformation of Schwann cells (SCs). On the whole, these tumors are related to alterations of the neurofibromin type 2 gene, coding for the oncosuppressor merlin, a cytoskeleton‐associated protein belonging to the ezrin–radixin–moesin family. However, the underlying mechanisms of schwannoma onset and progression are not fully elucidated, whereas one of the challenges might be the environment. In this light, the exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF), generated by the use of common electrical devices, has been defiantly suggested as the cause of SCs transformation even if the evidence was mostly epidemiologic. Indeed, insubstantial mechanisms have been so far identified to explain SCs oncotransformation. Recently, some in vitro evidence pointed out alterations in proliferation and migration abilities in SCs exposed to EMF (0.1 T, 50 Hz, 10 min). Here, we used the same experimental paradigma to discuss the involvement of putative epigenetic mechanisms in SCs adaptation to EMF and to explain the occurrence of hypoxic alterations after the exposure. Our findings indicate a set of environmental‐induced changes in SCs, toward a less‐physiological state, which may be pathologically relevant for the SCs differentiation and the schwannoma development.
Research on the Active Suspension Control Strategy of Multi-Axle Emergency Rescue Vehicles Based on the Inverse Position Solution of a Parallel Mechanism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problems of complex control processes, strong model dependence, and difficult engineering application when the existing active suspension control strategy is applied to multi-axle vehicles, an active suspension control strategy based on the inverse position solution of a parallel mechanism is proposed. First, the active suspension of the three-axle emergency rescue vehicle is grouped and interconnected within the group, and it is equivalently constructed into a 3-DOF parallel mechanism. Then, the displacement of each equivalent suspension actuating hydraulic cylinder is calculated by using the method of the inverse position solution of a parallel mechanism, and then the equivalent actuating hydraulic cylinder is reversely driven according to the displacement, thereby realizing the effective control of the attitude of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a three-axis vehicle experimental platform integrating active suspension and hydro-pneumatic suspension was built, and a pulse road experiment and gravel pavement experiment were carried out and compared with hydro-pneumatic suspension. Both types of road experimental results show that compared to hydro-pneumatic suspension, the active suspension control strategy based on the inverse position solution of a parallel mechanism proposed in this paper exhibits different degrees of advantages in reducing the peak values of the vehicle vertical displacement, pitch angle, and roll angle changes, as well as suppressing various vibration accelerations, significantly improving the vehicle’s driving smoothness and handling stability.
Role of oxidative stress in the concurrent development of osteoporosis and tendinopathy: Emerging challenges and prospects for treatment modalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Both osteoporosis and tendinopathy are widely prevalent disorders, encountered in diverse medical contexts. Whilst each condition has distinct pathophysiological characteristics, they share several risk factors and underlying causes. Notably, oxidative stress emerges as a crucial intersecting factor, playing a pivotal role in the onset and progression of both diseases. This imbalance arises from a dysregulation in generating and neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to an abnormal oxidative environment. Elevated levels of ROS can induce multiple cellular disruptions, such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis activation and reduced cell function, contributing to tissue deterioration and weakening the structural integrity of bones and tendons. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow down the oxidation process, including Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, anthocyanins and so on, demonstrating potential in treating these overlapping disorders. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex role of oxidative stress within the interlinked pathways of these comorbid conditions. By integrating contemporary research and empirical findings, our objective is to outline new conceptual models and innovative treatment strategies for effectively managing these prevalent diseases. This review underscores the importance of further in‐depth research to validate the efficacy of antioxidants and traditional Chinese medicine in treatment plans, as well as to explore targeted interventions focused on oxidative stress as promising areas for future medical advancements.