jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CD11b and L‐selectin expression on eosinophils and neutrophils in blood and induced sputum of patients with asthma compared with normal subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Patients with asthma show altered surface expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b and L‐selectin on airway granulocytes compared with blood granulocytes. Objective To investigate whether this modulation is related to disease activity or due to transendothelial migration, we compared the CD11b and L‐selectin expression on blood and induced sputum eosinophils and neutrophils between patients with asthma and normal subjects. Methods Eleven normal subjects (21–43 years), nine patients (21–34 years) with mild atopic asthma and 10 patients (20–47 years) with moderate to severe atopic asthma on regular treatment with inhaled steroids underwent sputum induction by inhalation of nebulized hypertonic saline (4.5%). CD11b and L‐selectin expression on granulocytes from blood and DTT‐homogenized sputum were analysed by flow cytometry. Eosinophils could be discriminated from neutrophils by using depolarized light scatter. Disease activity was assessed by baseline FEV 1 and airway responsiveness to histamine (PC 20 ). Results Sputum eosinophils showed higher expression of CD11b ( P < 0.001) and lower expression of L‐selectin ( P < 0.001) compared with peripheral blood eosinophils. CD11b and L‐selectin expression on eosinophils from blood or sputum did not differ between the three groups. Similar results were obtained for neutrophils. The PC 20 in the patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma was related to CD11b expression on blood ( R = − 0.92, P = 0.001) and sputum eosinophils ( R = 0.75, P = 0.02). Conclusions Flow cytometry of induced sputum granulocytes from asthmatic as well as normal subjects is feasible. We conclude that the modulated expression of CD11b and L‐selectin on airway granulocytes is not specific for asthmatic airway inflammation, but is probably the result of tissue migration per sé . This implies that CD11b and L‐selectin expression on granulocytes in induced sputum cannot be used as marker of disease activity.
Black Dot Type Capitis Tinea Appreciates Bacterial Foliculitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and hair, which is seenpredominantly in children. In adults, it is usually related to immunocompromisedpatients and have an atypical features. In patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD),uremia is associated with immune suppression due to the impact of uremic milieu. Allspecimens of tinea capitis should be examined for microscopy, wood’s lamp andculture. Reported a case of 50–year-old male, animal husbandry, presented with itchypapules, pustules, patch alopecia and a hair loss for 6 months. Dermatologic featuresshowed papules, pustules, patch alopecia and black dot. The patient treated withketoconazole shampoo for 3 weeks without any improvement. He had an ESRD for 2years. Gram stain examination and culture showed no bacteri. Wood’s lampexamination showed no fluorescent. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 10% from scalpscrapings and KOH 20% from hair showed a fungal elements, which support diagnosisof black dot tinea capitis. The patient treated with griseofulvin tablet 500 mg twice aday for 8 weeks, cetirizine tablet 10 mg once daily and 3x/week of ketoconazoleshampoo 2% showed improvement in clinical features and microscopic evaluation.
Control of a Three-Level Boost Converter Based on a Differential Flatness Approach for Fuel Cell Vehicle Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a high-gain boost converter (three-level converter and transformerless converter) for fuel cell (FC) vehicle applications. An original nonlinear control law based on the flatness principle for distributed dc generation is studied. Utilizing the flatness property, we propose simple solutions to the system performance and stabilization problems. The design controller parameters are straightforward and autonomous at the operating point. To validate the proposed method, a prototype FC power converter (1.2-kW three-level boost converter) is developed in the laboratory. The proposed control law is implemented with a digital estimate in a dSPACE 1104 controller card. The experimental results from the laboratory using a 1200-W and 46-A polymer electrolyte membrane FC (PEMFC) verify that this is a good control scheme.
Renewable Gas and Fuel Cells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The proportion of electricity used in energy supply systems is increasing all the time. Fuel cells or gas-fired power plants can generate the much sought-after electricity from hydrogen. The main application of hydrogen today is in the chemical industry. In order to replace fossil-based gas directly with renewable gas, methane must be produced from hydrogen generated with renewable electricity. Renewable methane can be fed directly into the natural gas grid. This means that the existing natural gas infrastructure can be used without modification. Fuel cells are considered a key technology for the future energy use of hydrogen, because they can convert hydrogen directly into electric energy. Fuel cells basically involve a reversal of electrolysis. The broad public perception of hydrogen as an energy source and fuel cells is favourable, mainly because water is the waste product when hydrogen is used.
Revisiting the advance of age-dependent α-synuclein propagation and aggregation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Aging is a major risk factor for different neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, one of the key neuropathological features is cytoplasmic protein aggregation, named Lewy bodies (LBs) in the cell body, and Lewy neurites (LNs) in neuronal processes and terminals. The protein α-synuclein (α-syn) has been found to be a major component of LBs and LNs, and is considered to play a central role in their formation. α-Syn also increases in healthy aging and in different disease conditions. Evidence has shown that aging promotes α-syn pathological aggregation and propagation and, therefore, may induce and aggravate PD pathogenesis. Here, we aim to highlight recent advances in age-related α-syn aggregation and prion-like propagation and discuss the subsequent consequences to neuronal functions.
Alternative analysis of 6-Nitro BIPS behaviourbased on factorial design

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing interest in the area of designing and synthesis of functional dye molecules that can serve as molecular devices for sensors,photo-switching and signal transduction. Among photochromic compounds that could be used for such purpose are spiropyrans. This paper presents an alternative analysis of 6-nitro-1’,3’,3’-1-benzopyran-2, 2’] (6-Nitro BIPS) behavior due to the impact of solvent
polarity, durations of ultraviolet(UV) exposure and dye concentration.
Factorial design of experiments was used to study the impact of the three factors versus a response (absorbance). Analysis of variance (ANOVA)is employed to analyze the results. The results obtained highlighted that and solvent polarity are the most significant variables. In addition this study shows that the interaction effect between the concentration and solvent factors is essential for better interpretation of the experiments. The models are developed from ANOVA and the models fulfilled the assumptions of normality and independence variances.
Sonoluminescing Gas Bubbles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We draw attention to the fact that the popular but unproven hypothesis of shock-driven sonoluminescence is incompatible with the reported synchronicity of the single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) phenomenon. Moreover, it is not a necessary requirement, since we show that the sub-shock dynamic heating in gas bubble cavitation can lead to conditions required to generate intense 100ps light pulses. To wit we study the dynamics of the interior of a cavitating gas bubble subject to conditions suitable for sonoluminescence. We explore quantitatively the transfer of energy from the sound wave to the bubble interior, the frequency of atomic collisions in the bubble, the limits of quasi-stability of the non-linear bubble oscillations driven by an acoustical field, and obtain the implied reaction time scales.
Biosecurity and Circulation of Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Live-Bird Markets in Bangladesh, 2012

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bangladesh has been considered as one of the five countries endemic with highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 (HPAI H5N1). Live-bird markets (LBMs) in south Asian countries are believed to play important roles in the transmission of HPAI H5N1 and others due to its central location as a hub of the poultry trading. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has been promoting improved biosecurity in LBMs in Bangladesh. In 2012, by enrolling 32 large LBMs: 10 with FAO interventions and 22 without assistance, we assessed the virus circulation in the selected LBMs by applying standard procedures to investigate market floors, poultry stall floors, poultry-holding cases and slaughter areas and the overall biosecurity using a questionnaire-based survey. Relative risk (RR) was examined to compare the prevalence of HPAI H5N1 in the intervened and non-intervened LBMs. The measures practised in significantly more of the FAO-intervened LBMs included keeping of slaughter remnants in a closed container; decontamination of poultry vehicles at market place; prevention of crows' access to LBM, market/floor cleaning by market committee; wet cleaning; disinfection of floor/poultry stall after cleaning; and good supply of clean water at market (P < 0.05). Conversely, disposal of slaughter remnants elsewhere at market and dry cleaning were in operation in more of the FAO non-intervened LBMs (P < 0.05). The RR for HPAI H5N1 in the intervened and non-intervened LBMs was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.44-2.76), suggesting that the proportion positive of the virus in the two kinds of LBM did not vary significantly (P = 0.413). These observations suggest that the viruses are still maintained at the level of production in farms and circulating in LBMs in Bangladesh regardless of interventions, albeit at lower levels than in other endemic countries.
Turbidity formed in beer at low temperatures. Affinity of proanthocyanidins and their oxidation products for haze-forming proteins of beer and the formation of chill haze.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Amongthe polyphenols found in beer, proanthocyanidins were found to have a specific affinity for the haze-forming proteins in beer and retained their capacity to form a chill haze. Proanthocyanidins pentamer and tetramer had the highest affinities for the haze-forming proteins, followed by the trimer, dimer and catechins. During the brewing process, proanthocyanidin trimer and polymeric proanthocyanidins easily formed insoluble complexes with proteins in the wort as a result of their high affinity for proteins; consequently, these were not found in finished beer, whereas such proanthocyanidin dimers as procyanidin B3, and catechin survived in finished beer. Procyanidin B3 and catechin, when stored in beer or a buffer solution, seemed to undergo oxidative polymerization and increased their affinity for the haze-forming proteins to form a extensive chill haze.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES ON THE ROOT OF "FICUS NATALENSIS"

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ficus natalensis, a member of the Moraceae family, is widely recognized in African ethnomedicine for its therapeutic value. This study investigates the root of Ficus natalensis, focusing on its ethnobotanical uses, macroscopical and microscopical characteristics, physicochemical properties, and extractive values. Traditionally, the root is employed in the treatment of a range of ailments including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, reproductive health issues, and for wound healing. Macroscopical analysis revealed that the roots are cylindrical, brown externally, with a woody, fibrous interior. Microscopical examination showed key diagnostic features such as multilayered cork cells, parenchymatous cortex, lignified xylem vessels, and the presence of starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals. Physicochemical evaluations were carried out to determine parameters such as moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water- and alcohol-soluble extractive values. These values fall within acceptable pharmacopoeial limits, indicating good quality and purity of the plant material. The extractive values suggest the presence of a significant quantity of water- and ethanol-soluble phytoconstituents, which correlate with its traditional medicinal uses. Overall, the study provides essential pharmacognostic and quality control data that support the traditional use and standardization of Ficus natalensis root in herbal formulations, this research provides valuable insights that will benefit researcher in their endeavors.
PENYELESAIAN TANAH KORBAN TSUNAMI YANG TIDAK ADA DAN/ATAU TIDAK DIKETAHUI AHLI WARISNYA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Post-tsunami disaster in Aceh, legal issues on land are regulated by the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2007, which regulates among others on land that does not exist and/or unknown its owners and their heirs. The land is being taken care as a religious treasure by Baitul Mal with an order the Syar'iyah Court. This study applies juridical normative and sociological normative methods. From the field research it was found that the Government did not have data of lands with unknown owners and their heirs. It was known from decision of the Syar'iyah Court of Banda Aceh which revealed that the fact was originated from the construction of the drainage where the land procurement committee did not know where to hand over the land acquisition fund. Key words: tsunami, land, Aceh
نظام التعليم المسجدي في الصين

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon the leader of all the Prophets, upon his descendants, his disciples, and the ones who follow him to the Day of Judgment. Islam entered China as early as in the first century Hijrah corresponding to the seventh century AD, in the reign of Caliph Othman. From the beginning until current time, ten national minority groups accepted Islam. Chinese Muslim Community is the second biggest Muslim minority group in the world, but tops the chart when it comes to bearing the hardships for Islam. The Mosque in china not used only for prayer, but also a place for Muslims to learn Islamic knowledge, which has played a significant role in consolidation of faith and alleviating hardships. But unluckily most of foreigner Muslim brothers do not know about Mosque education system in china, that’s why I have chosen this topic to provide basic concept about Mosque education (Madrasa) in china. Lastly, I hope this small article would be useful and wish the readers might get the most benefits from it. Inshallah!
Inward and Outward Health: John Wesley's Holistic Concept of Medical Science, the Environment and Holy Living

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This edited volume of essays is the first inter-disciplinary scholarly collection to provide an in-depth and new perspective on the medical and scientific activity of one of the eighteenth century's most successful and controversial theological figures, John Wesley. These essays, written by established scholars in the field, convincingly correct a persistent view of Wesley as an irresponsible religious enthusiast who confused medical science and theology. The reader is given here instead a picture of someone who was a critical admirer of Enlightenment principles: a deeply pious individual who could minister to the physical and spiritual welfare of the poor, applying remedies for the body or prayer for the soul as and when appropriate.
Effects of different photoperiods on flowering time of facultative short day ornamental annuals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, during the year 2005. Seeds of five qualitative LDPs (Pot Marigold cv. Resina, Annual Phlox cv. Astoria Magenta, Cornflower cv. Florence Blue, Oriental Poppy cv. Burning Heart, Flax cv. Scarlet Flax) were sown on 1 st March 2005. The experiment was designed to study flowering response under four distinct controlled photoperiods (11, 13, 15 and 17 h.d -1 ). A curvilinear qualitative response was observed in almost all cultivars studied. Pot Marigold, Annual Phlox, Cornflower, Oriental Poppy and Flax took minimum time to flower when grown under 17 h.d -1 photoperiods however it was significantly (p<0.05) increased when photoperiod decreased to 11 h.d -1 .
Prudentius’ Mnemonic Images in a Twelfth Century Psychomachia Manuscript

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the mnemonic qualities of the images and subtitles of the forty-six illustrations of the twelfth century Psychomachia in Cotton MS Titus D XVI. This will be accomplished using as a reference the earliest manuscripts. Our hypothesis departs from the idea that: if some visual elements remained after three centuries, it would have been because of their importance and relationship with the text and the learning process. These were not mere aesthetic qualities. By the end of the fifth century, Prudentius wrote the Psychomachia. This allegorical poem depicts the battle between virtues and vices within the Christian’s soul. According to Mary Carruthers, Prudentius wrote a vivid allegory in which he applied mnemonic images’ rules. The ninth-century manuscripts’ miniaturists were very careful to keep all the vigorous features described in the verses. Later copies posse fewer images, but most of them retained the mnemonic qualities described by the poet and illustrated in the oldest codices. The British Library manuscript, Cotton MS Titus D XVI, is an example of this.
A Generic Internet Trading Framework for Online Auctions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we introduce a generic Internet trading framework for online auctions. We present the requirements and service of the framework. A generic OR/XOR bidding language that can express different OR/XOR combinations is adopted for Web interfaces. The framework is implemented with free open-source technologies already successfully tested in industries. Researchers can use the platform to implement different electronic-market mechanisms, simulate the market behavior of their interests, and experiment with it. We also provide future directions for the framework design.
A Data-Driven Misbehavior Detection System for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) system, some malicious CAVs may send out false information in vehicle-to-vehicle communication to gain benefits or cause safety-related accidents. Previous false data detection methods are not sufficient to meet the accuracy and real-time requirements. In this paper, we propose a data-driven misbehavior detection system (MDS) (running by each CAV) that checks the consistency between the estimated and actually reported driving state (i.e., velocity, acceleration, brake status, steering angle) of an alerting CAV. First, MDS predicts the driving state using Gaussian mixture model based Mixture Density Network incorporating Recurrent Neural Network that can catch the driving behavior patterns of a CAV. Second, MDS extends the existing Krauss traffic flow model and uses it to consider the overall traffic flow of the road to make the predicted driving state more accurate. Finally, for a given received alert, a CAV validates the alert by checking the consistency between the predicted and actually reported driving states of the alerting CAV. We conduct extensive simulation studies based on a real driving dataset we collected from 29 participants and the Simulator for Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator. The experimental results show that the false information detection rate of the proposed MDS is higher than other existing systems in different alert scenarios.
Direct Viral RNA Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV in Inactivated Samples by Real-Time RT-qPCR: Implications for Diagnosis in Resource Limited Settings with Flavivirus Co-Circulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The RT-qPCR method remains the gold standard and first-line diagnostic method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses, especially in the early stage of viral infection. Rapid and accurate viral detection is a starting point in the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic and flavivirus outbreaks. However, the shortage of diagnostic reagents and supplies, especially in resource-limited countries that experience co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses, are limitations that may result in lesser availability of RT-qPCR-based diagnostic tests. In this study, the utility of RNA-free extraction methods was assessed for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV-2 in heat-inactivated or chemical-inactivated samples. The findings demonstrate that direct real-time RT-qPCR is a feasible option in comparison to conventional real-time RT-qPCR based on viral genome extraction-based methods. The utility of heat-inactivation and direct real-time RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2, DENV-2 viral RNA detection was demonstrated by using clinical samples of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV-2 and spiked cell culture samples of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV-2. This study provides a simple alternative workflow for flavivirus and SARS-CoV-2 detection that includes heat inactivation and viral RNA extraction-free protocols, with aims to reduce the risk of exposure during processing of SARS-CoV-2 biological specimens and to overcome the supply-chain bottleneck, particularly in resource limited settings with flavivirus co-circulation.