jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Comparative study on activity of adenylate cyclase in normal human ovary with ovarian tumors].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been documented that the binding activity sites of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) receptor and kd in human ovarian tumors are different from those in the normal ovary. And some observations suggest that the HCG receptor depends on adenylate cyclase (AC) for its physiological functions. We studied the activity of AC in normal human ovary and ovarian tumors. Five human ovarian specimens and eighteen ovarian tumor specimens were obtained from women patients undergoing gynecological surgery. Ovaries were homogenized and sonicated. The homogenates were centrifuged at 1000 x g for 15 min. After sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation (78000 x g, 4 h), the membrane fraction was collected from interface between 33% and 37%. The membrane protein approximately 10 micrograms, ATP 1 mmol/L, 3H-ATP 5 x 10(4) cpm, sulphydryl-ethyl alcohol 10 mmol/L, in a final volume of 200 microliters of Tris-HCl buffer (50 mmol/L), pH7.5, containing MgSO4 5 mmol/L, were incubated at 35 degrees C for 10 min. The reaction was stopped by boiling water bath for 3 min. The AC activity (U/mg): of human normal ovary, 67 +/- 8, of cystadenocarcinoma serous, 146 +/- 70; of cystadenocarcinoma mucinous, 289 +/- 83.
The Gross Motor Skill Differences Between Preschool Boys and Girl

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Every stage in human development has different phase. Not only in every stage but also in gender, motor skill has their own characteristics. Moreover, there is a question of the validity and reliability of some tests used by the researcher. The study was conducted in Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. A total of 82 children enrolled in this study, including 12 children aged between 3-4 years, 36 children aged between 4 and 5 years, and 34 children aged between 5 and 6 years. The test of gross motor development-second (TGMD-2) edition was used to evaluate gross motor skill. Independent T-test was used to analyzed the final result. The findings of this study demonstrated that the boys have higher gross motor skills performance than the girls. The school can use this fact to plan curriculum that not based in gender. School must be a campaign system for gender equality
Prokaryotic DNA replication and gene expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prokaryotes have a single chromosome consisting of circular double-stranded DNA. The size may vary considerably, e.g. the E. coli chromosome contains about 3.8×106 bp, while that of Bacillus subtilis has 2×106 bp and that of Salmonella typhimurum has 10.5×106 bp. If the E. coli chromosome were in a linear extended form it would be about 1 mm long, but it is a fairly compact structure due to supercoiling of the DNA. This must be opened up to allow access for enzymes involved in replication or transcription in complex processes requiring several proteins, including helicases that relax supercoiled DNA, and single-strand binding protein (SSBP) (Chapter 1.3). Other proteins that are involved in these processes were originally identified by genetic means and are named after the genes that encode them (e.g. dnaB, dnaC, for the genes; DnaB, DnaC for the proteins).
Selenized lactic acid bacteria microencapsulated by spray drying: A promising strategy for beef cattle feed supplementation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility of incorporating selenized Lactobacillus spp. microencapsulated via spray drying into cattle feed. Gum Arabic and maltodextrin were used as encapsulating agents. The encapsulation process was carried out with a drying air flow rate of 1.75 m 3 /min, inlet air temperature of 90°C, and outlet air temperature of 75°C. The viability of the encapsulated microorganisms and the technological characteristics of the obtained microparticles were evaluated. Microorganisms were incorporated into beef cattle feed to supplement their diet with up to 0.3 mg of Se per kilogram of feed. The encapsulated particles, consisting of a 50/50 ratio of gum Arabic/maltodextrin at a 1:20 proportion of selenized biomass to encapsulant mixture, exhibited superior technical viability for application in beef cattle feed. Supplemented feeds displayed suitable moisture, water activity, and hygroscopicity values, ensuring the preservation of viable microorganisms for up to 5 months of storage, with an approximate count of 4.5 log CFU/g. Therefore, supplementing beef cattle feed with selenized and microencapsulated lactic acid bacteria represents a viable technological alternative, contributing to increased animal protein productivity through proper nutrition.
Service quality antecedents and their relationship with repurchase intention in the Singapore low-cost carrier market.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A quantitative methodology was employed in presenting LCC consumers with an extensive 38-question questionnaire, the results of which uncovered the relationship between such antecedents as the quality of in-flight meals, quality of cabin crew’s service standard, flight punctuality, service recovery standard, and consumer satisfaction, as well as the relationship between consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention. The results of the data analysis allow us to rank the antecedents in terms of relative importance, as reflected in the magnitude of correlation with consumer satisfaction, and then recommend particular attention to those antecedents of higher ranking. Acknowledgment of the study accounting for a substantial but not overwhelming amount of the variation in consumer satisfaction indicates the presence of to-be-determined alternative factors at play – our study serves as meaningful bedrock upon which future studies of the consumer experience with LCCs in Singapore can stand.
Cooperation or conflict? Impact of intraspecific diversity on Escherichia coli biofilms

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Intraspecific diversity in biofilm communities is associated with enhanced survival and growth of the individual biofilm populations. In here, we assess if this apparent cooperative behavior still holds as the number of different strains in a biofilm increases. Using E. coli as a model organism, the influence of intraspecific diversity in biofilm populations composed of up to six different E. coli strains, was assessed. Biofilm quantification was evaluated by crystal violet (CV) staining and colony forming units (CFU) counts. In general, with the increasing number of strains in a biofilm, an increase in cell counts and a decrease in matrix production was observed. This observation was confirmed by cluster analysis that indicated that after 24h of biofilm formation the best model, according to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), consisted of three clusters that grouped together biofilms with an equal number of strains. It hence appears that increased genotypic diversity in a biofilm leads E. coli to maximize the production of its offspring, in detriment of the production of public goods (i.e. matrix components), that would be beneficial to all strains individually and the consortium as a whole. Apart from the ecological implications, these results can be explored in the area of clinical biofilms, as a decrease in matrix production might render these intraspecies biofilms more sensitive to antimicrobial agents.
Effect of hard installation on coral community succession and growth rate at Taba Heights international marina at the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

of Aqaba TabaHard substrate plays an important role in the life of coral species, affecting their existence, percentage cover and growth rates.The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, percentage cover and the succession of coral species on newly constructed hard substrate.Also to measure the growth rate of nine scleractinian corals.Taba Heights international marina has three quays, along the study period (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017), a record of coral species in each quay were recorded and the successions of coral communities were studied.In total, 12 coral species were recorded from all of the surveyed quays during the 10 years period, nine hard and three soft coral species.All the recorded species were found in the first quay, while the second and third quays recorded 5 and 4 species, respectively.From the species recorded only the soft coral Xenia macrospiculata and the hard corals Stylophora pistillata, Acropora pharaonsis and Porites solida were recorded from all the three quays.At the first quay, the soft coral species were succeeded with the hard coral species.Three soft coral species were recorded at the beginning of the study at November, 2007, Xenia macrospiculata recorded a percentage cover of 5%, decreased to reach 0.3% at July, 2015, until it is totally disappeared at January, 2016 to the end of the study.The same pattern was recorded by the other two soft coral species Dindrophyllia robusta and Sarcophyton trocheliophorum.On contrary, the hard coral species began with lower percentage cover increased gradually with successive periods during the study.The total area covered by corals was determined at each quay; at the first quay soft coral represented 5% of the total area at November, 2007 decreased to 0.4% at July, 2015 before it totally disappeared at January, 2016.On contrary, hard coral at the same quay represented 1.4% of the total quay area at November, 2007 increased to 17.5% at July, 2017.The same pattern was obvious for the other two quays but with lower percentage cover.Nine hard coral species were measured for growth rate determination five branched and four massive species during the period of study (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017).Acropora hemperichi recorded the highest rate of linear extension over the total period of study was 11.44 cm y -1 .Followed by Stylophora pistillata which recorded mean growth rate 7.52 cm y -1 .On the other hand Porites solida showed the lowest growth rate of 0.07 cm y -1 .Over the ten years period of study, the coefficient of regression statistical analysis showed that both linear extension rate per branch for branched corals and radial growth for massive corals showed significant increase with time but with different rates.
Epithelial‐Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands: An Analysis of 246 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare neoplasm of the salivary glands. In this study we aim to analyze the clinical features of EMC using national registry data. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried. Data were analyzed with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 246 cases were available for frequency analysis and 189 for survival analysis. Mean age at diagnosis was 63.8 (±15.4) years. EMC affected females more frequently (57.3%). Distant metastases were present in only 4.5% of cases. Overall disease‐specific survival (DSS) at 15 years was 80.2%. Patients with low‐grade histology had better DSS at 10 years than those with high‐grade tumors (96.2% vs 71.0%, P =. 0124). Tumors >4 cm exhibited the worst DSS at 15 years (64.5%, P =. 0009). In the survival analysis cohort, all but 6 patients underwent surgery, and a total of 78 (41.3%) received adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). However, no survival benefit was noted for patients who received RT when compared with those who did not ( P =. 4594). Although a trend toward higher survival with RT (97.1% vs 83.5% without) was observed when high tumor grade and size >4 cm were excluded, it was not statistically significant ( P =. 2058). Conclusions: This report represents the largest series of EMC to date. Despite being regarded as a low‐grade, indolent tumor, a significant fraction of our cohort underwent RT in addition to surgery, with no apparent added survival benefit.
Primary hyperparathyroidism : non-surgical treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common condition. Its incidence increases with age. Surgery remains the treatment of choice. However, the indication of a nonsurgical treatment is debatable especially in elderly patients with mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic and patients at high surgical risk. It may consist of the use of bisphosphonates or ethanol ablation of parathyroid adenoma. Finally, calcimimetic and calcium receptor agonists could be a good therapeutic alternative. But these therapeutic choices must be followed with strict guidelines.
The Hsp40 family chaperone protein DnaJB6 enhances Schlafen1 nuclear localization which is critical for promotion of cell-cycle arrest in T-cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tight control of cell-cycle progression is critical for T-lymphocytes to function properly. Slfn1 (Schlafen1) has been reported to play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of quiescence in T-lymphocytes. However, how Slfn1 accomplishes this critical function remains poorly understood. In the present study, we show that nuclear localization is a prerequisite for Slfn1 to induce cell-cycle arrest, with DnaJB6, identified as a new Slfn1-binding protein, playing a pivotal role in this process. DnaJB6, a chaperone protein of the DnaJ/Hsp (heat-shock protein) 40 family, stabilizes Slfn1 together with its partner Hsp70, and, more importantly, it enhances the nuclear import of Slfn1. Overexpression of DnaJB6 was found to increase Slfn1 nuclear accumulation and resulted in cell-cycle arrest, whereas, in DnaJB6 knock-down cells, Slfn1 was mainly sequestered in the cytoplasm and no cell-cycle arrest was observed. Furthermore, transgenic expression of DnaJB6 in T-lineage cells inhibited Slfn1's degradation, promoted its nuclear import and ultimately led to suppression of T-cell proliferation upon TCR (T-cell receptor) activation. In addition, DnaJB6 increased Slfn1's effect on its downstream target cyclin D1 in co-transfected cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that DnaJB6 is necessary for translocation of Slfn1 into the nucleus, where Slfn1 down-regulates cyclin D1, induces cell-cycle arrest and programmes a quiescent state of T-cells.
Barriers to programming education in UAE primary schools: a qualitative review from ICT teachers’ perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Demonstrate the importance of programming, discuss the pedagogical philosophy of how programming is taught, identify the barriers to the proper implementation of programming education in United Arab Emirates (UAE) primary schools, and find solutions to overcome these barriers. Methodology The study adopted a qualitative approach. Thirteen ICT teachers, from different schools in the UAE, were interviewed to investigate their perception of the teaching of programming to primary students. Findings The good application of programming education in UAE schools is yet to be accomplished. There is a need to reform the teaching of programming in primary schools in the UAE and to raise awareness about it and its importance in the school domain (school principals, teachers, and students). Implications One significant implication is that teaching programming should be taken seriously by educational policymakers and school leaders as a core subject that should be taught to all students. The study also contributed to the growing body of literature on the value of programming skills and the role of the appropriate curriculum in developing these skills. Originality/value This study provides new insights at both practical and scholarly levels. It can shed light on the field's expansion prospects. The outcomes of this study may assist educational policymakers in better implementing programming education, particularly in primary school. Moreover, it helps teachers better prepare for the problems that primary students may encounter with learning programming in schools.
Systemic racial disparities in funding rates at the National Science Foundation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Concerns about systemic racism at academic and research institutions have increased over the past decade. Here, we investigate data from the National Science Foundation (NSF), a major funder of research in the United States, and find evidence for pervasive racial disparities. In particular, white principal investigators (PIs) are consistently funded at higher rates than most non-white PIs. Funding rates for white PIs have also been increasing relative to annual overall rates with time. Moreover, disparities occur across all disciplinary directorates within the NSF and are greater for research proposals. The distributions of average external review scores also exhibit systematic offsets based on PI race. Similar patterns have been described in other research funding bodies, suggesting that racial disparities are widespread. The prevalence and persistence of these racial disparities in funding have cascading impacts that perpetuate a cumulative advantage to white PIs across all of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Multifaceted training and readiness to respond to family violence: A prospective cohort evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background As frontline healthcare workers, there is a growing expectation that nurses should be able to respond to disclosures of family violence. However, the profession and hospital systems have been slow to respond with clear skills, knowledge and confidence deficits identified in existing research. There is limited research which has robustly evaluated the effectiveness of in‐depth, multifaceted training on readiness to respond among nurses. Aim To longitudinally evaluate the effectiveness of an in‐depth family violence training intervention on confidence, knowledge and clinical skills of nurses working in a large tertiary adult hospital. Design Single‐centre, longitudinal intervention study. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) cross‐sectional guidelines were used. Methods One hundred and ten nursing clinicians participated in this study to complete a comprehensive evidence‐based model of healthcare workers response for assisting patients experiencing family violence. A mixed methods survey was used to assess change in knowledge, confidence and clinical skills among participants. Outcome assessment was electronically undertaken at baseline, 6–9 months and 12–15 months following intervention. Results Statistically significant improvement was seen in self‐reported knowledge, confidence and frequency of screening for family violence. Relative to baseline estimates, these improvements were identified 6–9 months and 12–15 months following intervention; albeit with consideration to the visually observed trend of skill reversion at follow‐up. Quantitative findings were paralleled by qualitatively identified improvements in the recognition of the intersectional nature of violence, need for patient collaboration in screening and depth in considerations around how family violence is screened for. Conclusions Findings provide tentative support for the utility of a multidimensional training approach to improving nurses' readiness to respond to disclosures of family violence. Relevance to clinical practice This study provides preliminary support for multidimensional, evidence‐based training to effectively improve nurses' confidence, knowledge and clinical skills required for responding to family violence. Reporting Method The study complies with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (SQUIRE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies (see Table S1). Patient Contribution Patients were involved in the initial design of the survey tool. This involvement came through the Allied Health Consumer panel and included input on the design and question wording of the survey items.
Concentration and competitiveness of the banking market in Serbia: Current situation and possible future changes under the influence of market consolidation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Serbia is a bank-centered financial market, which means that the analysis of concentration and competition is important. Currently, the banking market is weakly to moderately concentrated or mildly oligopolistic. In the future, we can expect a consolidation of the banking market in terms of reducing the number of banks and strengthening the market power of the largest banks. Possible channels of consolidation are the sales of the remaining state owned banking package, takeovers between banks and the disappearance of some banks as a result of competitive selection. The paper analyzes the possible scenarios for the future consolidation and their impacts on the competitive dynamics. The authors argue in favor of a positive impact of a more moderate consolidation on competition indicators, but are also warning the regulator to prevent excessive concentration and cartel arrangements.
Cutting tool materials f or high speed machining

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High speed machining ( HSM) is one of t he emerging cutting processes , which is machining at a speed significantly higher t han t he speed commonly in use on t he shop floor. In t he last twent y years , high speed machining has received great attentions as a technological solution for high productivit y in manufacturing. This article reviews t he developments of tool materials in high speed ma2 chining operations , and t he properties , applications and prospective developments of tool materials in HSM are also presented.
Histological evaluation of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and Cold ceramic as root-end filling materials in animal models

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of the periapical tissue to Cold ceramic and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) following periapical endodontic surgery. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 12 mandibular first, second, and third premolars of two male dogs were selected. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The access cavities were prepared, and the length of canals was determined. Root canal treatment was performed. A week later, periradicular surgery was performed. After osteotomy, 3 mm of the root end was cut. Then, a 3-mm cavity was created by an ultrasonic. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 12). The root-end cavities were filled with MTA in the first group and with Cold ceramic in the second group. After 4 months, the animals were scarified. Histological evaluation of the periapical tissues was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Chi-square test and P = 0.05. Results: The findings showed 87.5% and 58.3% cementum formation in MTA and Cold ceramic groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference ( P < 0.001). In addition, the results showed 91.7% and 83.3% bone formation in MTA and Cold ceramic groups, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.6). Furthermore, the findings revealed 87.5% and 58.3% periodontal ligament (PDL) formation in MTA and Cold ceramic groups, respectively ( P = 0.05). Conclusion: Cold ceramic was able to induce the regeneration of cementum, bone, and PDL; hence, it can be considered as a biocompatible root-end filling material in endodontic surgery.