jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization studies in the biogenesis of plant microbodies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract It has been demonstrated by immunofluorescence that the time course of glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase-antigen accumulation within microbodies is not synchronous in the various cotyledon tissues of watermelon. Immunocytochemistry localized the higher molecular weight precursor of the same enzyme in the cytosol of the cells, but not in the endoplasmic reticulum. Double immunocytochemical labelling of the glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase and of the peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase localized both enzymes in the same organelles during the developmental stage of microbody transition while the cotyledons became green.
The Great Depression and Work-Relief

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Harry Hopkins seemed to be at the peak of his career in the late 1920s. He ran a prestigious organization, had a national reputation as a social work administrator, and took an active role in shaping standards for his profession. He had worked his way through personal tragedy and, while relations with his family would always remain problematic, he had arranged his private life to suit his public pursuits. Yet he was merely on the threshold of a career about to skyrocket. The Great Depression set the stage for Hopkins to display the talents he had refined during the past fifteen years. The enormity of the disaster forced him to draw on his entire reserve of energy and imagination, yet he never transcended the bounds of "the American Way," remaining committed to democracy and capitalism. If he did not feel as suspicious of the poor as most Americans did, Hopkins still shared in the general attitude that government handouts without some rather strict rules would enfeeble recipients. The federal programs that Hopkins eventually set up in order to alleviate destitution may have seemed radical to the business elite, but, at least before 1936, they operated within a culturally conservative ideology, emphasizing self-reliance, personal industry, and the sanctity of the traditional American family. Like Roosevelt, Hopkins often spoke in defense of the newly destitute American worker, but his solutions to the economic disaster always fell well within the traditional format for public assistance.KeywordsGreat DepressionUnemployed WorkerAmerican WorkerProtestant Work EthicRelief ProgramThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Expert Indexing in Oracle Database 11g: Maximum Performance for your Database

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Expert Indexing in Oracle Database 11g is about the one database structure at the heart of almost all performance concerns: the index. Database system performance is one of the top concerns in information technology today. Administrators struggle to keep up with the explosion of access and activity driven by the proliferation of computing into everything from phones to tablets to PCs in our increasingly connected world. At the heart of any good-performing database lies a sound indexing strategy that makes appropriate use of indexing, and especially of the vendor-specific indexing features on offer. Few databases fully exploit the wealth of data access mechanisms provided by Oracle. Expert Indexing in Oracle Database 11g helps by bringing together information indexing and how to use it into one, convenient and blissfully short volume that you can read quickly and have at your fingertips for reference. Learn the different types of indices available and when each is best applied. Recognize when queries arent using indices as you intend. Manage your indexing for maximum performance. Let Expert Indexing in Oracle Database 11g be your guide to deep mastery of the most fundamental performance optimization structure in Oracle Database. Explains how indices work, how they help, and how they hinderDemystifies the various index choicesDescribes the database administration chores associated with indicesWhat youll learn Create an overall indexing strategy to guide your decisionsChoose the correct indexing mechanisms for your applicationsManage and maintain indices to avoid degradation and preserve efficiencyTake better advantage of underused index types such as index-organized tablesChoose the appropriate columns to index, with confidenceBlend partitioning and materialized views into your indexing strategy Who this book is for Expert Indexing in Oracle Database 11g is for all levels of database administrators and application developers who are struggling with the database performance and scalability challenge. Any database administrator involved with indexing, which is any database administrator period, will appreciate the wealth of advice packed into this gem of a book.
Imaging Evaluation of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Painful Discs—Advances and Challenges in Quantitative MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, various quantitative and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been developed and used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of patients with low back pain (LBP). Until now, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), a visual qualitative evaluation method, has been used to diagnose intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, this method has limitations in terms of reproducibility and inter-observer agreement. Moreover, T2WI observations do not directly relate with LBP. Therefore, new sequences such as T2 mapping, T1ρ mapping, and MR spectroscopy have been developed as alternative quantitative evaluation methods. These new quantitative MRIs can evaluate the anatomical and physiological changes of IVD degeneration in more detail than conventional T2WI. However, the values obtained from these quantitative MRIs still do not directly correlate with LBP, and there is a need for more widespread use of techniques that are more specific to clinical symptoms such as pain. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art methodologies and future challenges of quantitative MRI as an imaging diagnostic tool for IVD degeneration and painful discs.
Histopathology in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: When Will the Morphomolecular Diagnosis Be a Reality?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of a polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltrate in periprosthetic tissues has been shown to correlate closely with the diagnosis of septic implant failure. The histological criterion considered by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society to be diagnostic of periprosthetic joint infection is “greater than five neutrophils per high-power field in five high-power fields observed from histologic analysis of periprosthetic tissue at ×400 magnification.” Surgeons and pathologists should be aware of the qualifications introduced by different authors during the last years in the histological techniques, samples for histological study, cutoffs used for the diagnosis of infection, and types of patients studied. Recently, immunohistochemistry and histochemistry studies have appeared which suggest that the cutoff point of five polymorphonuclear neutrophils in five high-power fields is too high for the diagnosis of many periprosthetic joint infections. Therefore, morphomolecular techniques could help in the future to achieve a more reliable histological diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.
Use of gel chromatography for the determination of the Stokes radii of proteins in the presence and absence of detergents. A reexamination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the course of a routine investigation of the complex between the erythrocyte membrane protein spectrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate, we observed a large discrepancy between the true Stokes radius (178 A, measured by hydrodynamic methods) and the apparent value derived from gel chromatography (107 A). In attempting to resolve this discrepancy, we have experiments that indicate that all large asymmetric particles may be subject to a similar discrepancy; e.g., native fibrinogne has a true Strokes radius of 108 A, whereas the value derived by column chromatography after calibration with globular proteins is only 71 A. The simplest interpretation is that end-on insertion of asymmetric particles into the gel pores contributes to their retardation. The phenomenon clearly limits the usefulness of gel chromatography as a quantitative measure of the hydrodynamic Stokes radius. Incidental data obtained in the course of this work indicate that spherical viruses may have weak chemical affinity for the porous gel. Chromatography of large proteins in the presence of detergents produced no effects ascribable to absorption of the detergents, but the results suggest a need for further study of possible interaction between detergents and small gel pores.
Prevalence and Pathology Associated with Coccidian Parasite Eimeria tenella in Organised and Unorganised Poultry of Kashmir Valley, India

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2019 to know the prevalence and the pathology associated with the coccidian parasite Eimeria tenella in both organized poultry farms and unorganized backyard chickens of Kashmir valley.For this study a sample size of 400 intestinal caecae were collected from birds belonging to both organized farms and unorganized village backyard poultry of Kashmir valley.The overall prevalence of the parasite during a two year study was found to be 29.75%.Higher prevalence (35.5%) was recorded in backyard poultry as compared to the poultry birds in various organized farms (24%).Mixed infection of E. tenella with other Eimerian species was also found to be comparatively higher in unorganized chicken than the organized poultry.The study revealed that the prevalence of Eimerian infection to be highest (76.47%) during September months of both the years of study.Diagnosis of the coccidian species was done based on the identification of oocysts by morphometry.Infected caecae were preserved and subjected to histological studies which revealed disruption of epithelial lining and congestion of blood vessels.Submucosa of caecum reveals severe haemorrhage, muscular oedema and necrosis.Clusters of oocysts and microgametes were found to be lying free in the lamina propria of caecum.Sections revealed many intracellular schizonts containing merozoites with severe submucosal hemorrhage in caecum.Infected sites revealed massive infiltration of various heterophils and mononuclear cells.Overall histological changes cause reductions in the absorptive surfaces, with resultant decreased nutrient absorption, dehydration, blood loss and increased susceptibility to secondary infections.
Therapeutic properties of glass‐ionomer cements: Their application to orthodontic treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fluoride has been shown to be an effective agent in the prevention of caries during orthodontic treatment. Resin‐modified glass‐ionomer cements possess therapeutic anticariogenic properties acting as a fluoride reservoir and releasing fluoride into the environment, particularly at low pH where there is a threat of enamel demineralisation and white spot lesions (WSL’s). Patient compliance to instructions in standard oral hygiene measures limits the success of caries prevention and the routine use of glass‐ionomer cements can mitigate the lack of compliance, although RMGIC’s are not a panacea against WSL’s. The adhesion of GIC’s to the enamel surface is a physicochemical bond rather than a mechanical bond which reduces the risk of iatrogenic damage to the enamel when bonding and debonding attachments. RMGIC’s can be recommended as a bonding adhesive for all attachments but one needs to be selective when bonding molar attachments to avoid occlusal interferences as masticatory forces can be high in these areas.
The flux-tube phase transition and bound states at high temperatures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the phase transition in the dual Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature $T$. The phase transition is associated with a change (breaking) of symmetry. The effective mass of the dual gauge field is derived as a function of $T$-dependent gauge coupling constant. We investigate the analytical criterion constraining the existence of a quark-antiquark bound state at temperatures higher than the temperature of deconfinement.
Cloud-Resolving Ensemble Prediction of the Extreme Rainfall Event on 2 June 2017 in Northern Taiwan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An extreme Mei-yu rainfall event occurred on 2 June 2017 along the northern coast of Taiwan, where a peak amount of 635 mm fell in about 10 hours from 0100-1100 LST. Using ensemble-based sensivity analysis, an earlier study (Wang et al., 2021) showed that the areal-averaged rainfall in the wider region surrounding northern Taiwan in this event was influenced by frontal moving speed, frontal intensity (contrast), and location and timing of frontal disturbance in experiments using grid sizes of 2.5-5 km, but peak amounts in such runs were no more than 360 mm, suggesting low predictivity for its occurrence. Using 1-km grid size, predictions in a later study (Wang et al., 2023), on the other hand, showed that a peak amount of up to 541 mm can be achieved with a finer grid, but the detailed rainfall pattern and maximum amount are strongly dictated by the presence of a frontal low-pressure disturbance that affected the location and persistence of the surface convergence zone, thus again suggesting high nonlinearity and low predictability. However, in some initial times about 2.5-3 days before the event, the evolutions were more favorable for larger and more concentrated rainfall.In this study, the above extreme rainfall event is further examined, using ensemble forecasts both at 1 km and larger grid sizes, including the experiments carried out in the Taiwan Area Heavy-rainfall Prediction Experiment (TAHPEX). Special attention is given on the predictability of this extreme event and the strategy to produce useful results more effectively with longer lead times for early warning and preparation.
ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISMS OF EFFICIENT LOGISTICS FORMATION VEGETABLE MARKET OF UKRAINE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Topicality. The vegetable market is one of the strategic markets of Ukraine, which ensures national food security. Fundamentally important tasks for its reproductive development are to ensure access of individual producers, who grow 87% of vegetable products, to the profitable link of distribution and sale of products by introducing organizational mechanisms for the formation of efficient market logistics. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this article is to improve the organizational mechanisms for the formation of efficient logistics of the vegetable market of Ukraine. Research results. During the study, the main indicators and parameters of the vegetable market of Ukraine were analyzed. The main directions and drivers of development of the vegetable market are established, problems of the given market and ways of the decision are defined. The article analyzes the content analysis of the category �vegetable market� on the basis of management-coordination, reproduction, object-subject, elemental and structural approaches; the scheme of elements and tools that ensure the functioning of the vegetable market according to the structural-institutional approach is built. The territorial boundaries of the vegetable market are studied, the author 's model of the quality infrastructure of the vegetable market of Ukraine is given. The comparative characteristics of parameters and types of products of the vegetable market of Ukraine and their influence on the logistical support of the market are given, the model of formation of logistic expenses under the influence of factors of internal and external environment is formed. The prospects of development of the vegetable market of Ukraine in the context of implementation of the European experience are outlined, the comparative characteristic of organizational mechanisms of development of logistics of the vegetable market of Ukraine is carried out, namely: wholesale trade, cooperation, interaction of individual producers with processing enterprises. Conclusion. The logistic chains of formation of commodity batches of vegetable products are offered and constructed, namely: perspective logistic chain on the basis of reproductive function ����, completed cooperative logistic chain of vegetable market, logistic chain of contractual relations between production cooperative and processing enterprises. large consignments of vegetable products and providing the population with vegetable products. The formed scheme of the vegetable market of Ukraine on the basis of interaction of individual producers with the processing enterprises will allow to keep perishable products of the given market at the expense of their processing and preservation. And the constructed scheme of organizational mechanisms of production and distribution of vegetable market products on the basis of "export-oriented approach" will allow to carry out market exchange through integration into European and world markets.
Regioselective functionalization of gem-bis(trifluoromethylated) alkanols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One-pot functionalization of sp3 C–H bond in 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)decan-2-ol with CO and nucleophiles under the action of superelectrophilic complex CBr4·2 AlBr3 affords products of neo-structure and remote functionalities.
Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Detect Credit Card Fraud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Credit card fraud presents a major challenge to financial institutions, resulting in significant economic losses each year. This paper investigates the use of machine learning techniques to detect fraudulent credit card transactions. By analyzing a publicly available dataset, we evaluate the performance of various algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Gradient Boosting. The objective is to identify the most effective model for accurately detecting fraudulent activities while minimizing false positives. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of dealing with imbalanced datasets and the strategies employed to overcome these issues.
Study on optimization of encapsulation of paprika red in niosomes by response surface methodology

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Factors affecting the encapsulation efficiency in preparing noiosomes were investigated in the presented study,and the optimal condition was obtained by response surface analysis. Results showed that the content of paprika red,ultrasonic time and the HLB of surfactant were the major factors,and the effects of paprika red content and ultrasonic time were significant. Optimal conditions were that the content of paprika red was0.05g,cholesterol was 0.2g,mixed surfactant which HLB value was 8.2,weight was 0.4g(span 80 was 0.27g,tween 20 was 0.13g) and the sonication time was 24min. Under above conditions,noisome encapsulation rate reached 82.4%,standard error was 2.3%,and good reproducibility was observed.
Multiple Disease Resistance to Four Leaf Spot Diseases in Winter Wheat Accessions from the USDA National Small Grains Collection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Tan spot (TS, caused by Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis ), Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB, caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum ), spot blotch (SB, caused by Cochliobolus sativus ), and Septoria tritici blotch (STB, caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola ) are important leaf spot diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum ) worldwide. Most commercial wheat cultivars are often resistant to one pathogen but susceptible to the others. Our objective was to identify resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases in a subset of winter wheat accessions from the core collection of the National Small Grains Collection of the USDA‐ARS. In total, 633 winter wheat accessions were evaluated for resistance in a greenhouse and 205, 278, 146, and 68 accessions were resistant to TS, SNB, SB, and STB, respectively. Resistance to STB, SNB, and SB were positively associated, but resistance to TS was positively associated only with STB. Except for STB, resistance was more common among accessions from Europe than accessions from Asia. Cultivars and breeding lines were more likely to be resistant to SNB and STB compared with landraces. Fifty‐six accessions were resistant to three or more diseases, and of these, five (CItr16595, PI 278612, PI 351330, PI 361858, and PI 351983) were resistant to all four diseases. On the basis of Germplasm Resources Information Network data, 17 of the 56 wheat accessions were resistant to at least two additional diseases. These multiple disease resistance sources will be useful in wheat breeding programs.
National Health Insurance, the Informal Sector, and Elements of a New Social Contract in the 2019 UHC Act of the Philippines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the governance issues in the implementation of insurance coverage for the informal labour sector in the context of universal health coverage (UHC). The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the vulnerabilities of the informal sector that remain overlooked by employer health insurance and are not targeted by the government’s cash transfer programmes for the poor. While universal health coverage may, on paper, assure every one of the basic minimum health care packages, issues of capturing subsidies for and availing of similar no user charges for the poor may be a Gordian knot before universal coverage is achieved. The chapter interrogates this issue as follows—firstly, we present key health financing features of the Philippine efforts to cover the informal sector in the national health insurance programme; and secondly, based on a concept approach, we analyse the elements of a social contract that may enhance or break down relationships in informal sector health insurance—with the market, bureaucratic and networks in health systems. Implications are drawn on the design of institutional arrangements to capture subsidies, contributions, and provider payments as part of a post-pandemic new normal of greater health security through the financing of health in the context of a social contract.
A versatile chemistry platform for the fabrication of cost-effective hierarchical cation and anion exchange membranes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

sponsorship: This work was supported by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (Industrial Fellowship: IF13607946) . The authors thank the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy of the University of Warsaw, and particularly Prof. Mikoaj Donten for assisting with the SEM/EDX investigation of the membranes. (Luxembourg National Research Fund|IF13607946)
Estudo do comportamento fotocrómico de um naftopirano: uma experiência simples ilustrativa do fotocromismo

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An easy experiment on the synthesis of 3,3-diphenyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran and characterization of its photochromic behaviour is reported. Upon irradiation of an uncoloured toluene solution of 3,3-diphenyl-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran with near UV light, an intense yellow colouration is produced due to the formation of two coloured open forms. When the irradiation source is removed the coloured open forms return to the uncoloured state. The analysis of the absorbance decay with time allows the determination of the discoloration rate constants of each open form. The reversibility of the photochromic phenomenon, well demonstrated by the exposure of the solution to sunlight for a few seconds, is particularly attractive to the students.