jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A scanning electron microscope study of developing sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The exterior features of the rind and the cut surface of sections of developing sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were examined with the scanning electron microscope. Before pigmentation, a developing sclerotium appears as a white mass of interwoven mycelial strands covered with numerous droplets of liquid, each of which is surrounded by membranous material. Subsurface mycelial cells swell, become pigmented, and result in the formation of the dark bulbous rind cells which darken with age. Membranous material which envelops the liquid exuded from developing sclerotia was always evident and appressed to the surface of the rind in old sclerotia. The interior of sclerotia consists of a mass of mycelia embedded in an amorphous matrix, which in young sclerotia is liquid but in older sclerotia appears solid. Openings in the outer rind cells, from sclerotia of old cultures and those removed from diseased sunflowers, indicate possible means by which other microorganisms could enter and degrade sclerotia. Multiple sclerotia were examined and the region where fusion occurs was evident.
Toward the Development of an Intervention Model for Learning Disabled Adolescents: The University of Kansas Institute

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the Kansas institute, research was concentrated on the problems of LD adolescents. Epidemiological studies revealed the unique characteristics of LD in students of high school age. A curriculum comprised of strategy training, social skills, modified materials and instructional procedures was developed. Instructional, motivational, and evaluation components of the curriculum were described.
The “Breeches Bible” and Chaucer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The “Breeches Bible” and Chaucer Get access Medweig Medweig Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-VI, Issue 147, 21 October 1876, Page 335, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-VI.147.335j Published: 21 October 1876
The Impact of Caregiver Affiliate Stigma on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Caregivers of Individuals with Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background. Caregiver affiliate stigma concerning neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) profoundly affects caregivers’ well-being, though its full impact remains to be fully elucidated. Objectives. This scoping review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on caregiver affiliate stigma related to NDDs, explore its connection to caregiver psychosocial well-being, and pinpoint the gaps in the existing research. Methods. Adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive search of five databases was conducted for peer-reviewed, English language studies focusing on caregiver-affiliated stigma in relation to NDDs. Results. The initial search yielded 9033 articles, with 19 meeting the inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory was employed to analyze various stigma conceptualizations, including public, courtesy, affiliate, and family stigma. Analysis revealed a correlation between elevated levels of affiliate stigma and increased caregiver burden, deteriorated mental health outcomes, and diminished quality of life. The internalization of stigma was found to vary across demographic groups, influenced by factors such as education level and social support. The review also highlighted the mediating role of coping strategies and the protective function of social support against stigma internalization. Conclusions, These findings underscore the necessity for targeted, culturally sensitive interventions that address caregiver affiliate stigma across multiple ecological levels. This review contributes to a more nuanced understanding of caregiver affiliate stigma in relation to NDDs, laying the groundwork for future research and intervention development aimed at enhancing caregiver well-being in diverse cultural contexts.
The N-Terminal Domain of RTX Toxin ApxI of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Elicits Protective Immunity in Mice

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We expressed three Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxI deletion derivatives to map the domain that could induce protective immunity. Antiserum to ApxI N-terminal covered by residues 40 to 380 was found to neutralize ApxI hemolytic activity but not ApxIII cytotoxicity. When used as a subunit vaccine in mice, this recombinant N-terminal fragment elicited protection against lethal infection with heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serovars.
Brachytherapy of Localized Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate the security and effect of brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.Methods:45 patients with T1～T2c prostate cancer were treated with real-time transperineal ultrasound-guide 125I seeds prostate implantation.Results:The median operation time was ninety minutes,the median number of 125I seeds used was 56. The follow up time was 12~48 months, the cases of PSA1 μg/L were 29,PSA 1～2 μg/L were 11 and PSA≥2 μg/L were 5.Conclusions:Brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer is safe and effective.
Use-case analysis for assessing the role of Building Information Modeling in energy efficiency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Global warming has drastically increased the pressure to reduce energy use in buildings as reflected by a stringent regulatory landscape. The construction industry is expected to adopt new methods and strategies to address such requirements primarily focusing on reducing energy demand, improving process efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. The realization of these emerging requirements has been constrained by the highly fragmented nature of the industry, often portrayed as involving a culture of "adversarial relationships", "risk avoidance", exacerbated by a "linear workflow". Recurring problems include low process efficiency, delays and construction waste. Building Information Modelling (BIM) provides a unique opportunity to enhance building energy efficiency and open new pathways towards a more digitalised industry and society. BIM is foreseen as a mean to waste and emissions reduction, performance gap minimization, in-use energy enhancements, and total lifecycle assessment. It also targets the whole supply chain related to design, construction as well as management and use of facility, at the different qualifications levels (including blue collar workers). This paper provides an evaluation of the key criterions and strategies that can promote BIM as an efficacious tool for facilitating energy efficiency. We explore how different use-cases variables influence the impact of BIM on energy efficiency and provide useful insights on how building lifecycle, discipline and buildings types can influence different BIM energy efficiency scenarios.
What do multiwinner voting rules do? An experiment over the two-dimensional Euclidean domain

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We visualize aggregate outputs of popular multiwinner voting rules — SNTV, STV, Bloc, k-Borda, Monroe, Chamberlin–Courant, and PAV — for elections generated according to the two-dimensional Euclidean model. We consider three applications of multiwinner voting, namely, parliamentary elections, portfolio/movie selection, and shortlisting, and use our results to understand which of our rules seem to be best suited for each application. In particular, we show that STV (one of the few nontrivial rules used in real high-stake elections) exhibits excellent performance, whereas the Bloc rule (also often used in practice) performs poorly.
The effect of dynamic wedge angle in breast cancer's absorbed radiation dose

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A Wedge is well known as one of medical equipment to homogenize the dose distribution received by the target during treatment process. This project aims to analyze the effect of wedge angle dependence on absorb irradiation dose received by the Planning Target Volume (PTV) utilizing Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) result. The variations of wedge angle are 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°. This study involved 3 data on breast cancer patients with prescribe dose 25x2 Gy. The radiation dose of PTV was evaluated at D5% and D95%. The average D5% of PTV at a wedge angle of 15° was (53.80±0.02) Gy, wedge 30° was (57.01±0.02) Gy, wedge 45° was (60.54±0.02) Gy, and wedge 60° for (63.88±0.02) Gy. The D95% of PTV at a wedge angle of 15° was (35.00±0.02) Gy, wedge 30° was (36.15±0.02) Gy, wedge 45° was (37.54±0.02) Gy, and wedge 60° for (41.49±0.02) Gy. The average comparison value of Homogeneity Index (HI) with wedge variation is (1.53±0.05) for wedge 15°, for wedge 30° for (1.57±0.05), for wedge 45° for (1.61±0.06), and for a 60° wedge (1.54±0.01). Statistical test results showed that the HI values on wedges 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° were not significantly different (P = 0.34). However, the HI value which was close to ideal was equal to 1 and could give a homogeneous and optimal dose distribution to PTV. Therefore, wedge angle 15° could give a more homogeneous and optimal dose distribution.
Oral iron chelation is here: Author's reply

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

LI may outweigh the risks of its possible toxicity, and its introduction in such patients may now be appropriate" seem overenthusiastic.Certainly it is in stark contrast to an earlier editorial in the Lancet, which questioned the efficacy of LI and drew attention to the unacceptable incidence of side effects, recommending that "this compound should no longer be given to patients."4
Indian Blood: New Lessons in Hindu Statecraft

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hierarchy and Its Discontents: Culture and the Politics of Consciousness in Caste Society. Steven M. Parish. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. 270 pp. Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India. David Ludden. ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. 346 pp. Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura 1922‐1992. Shahid Amin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.256 pp. Critical Events: An Anthropological Perspective on Contemporary India. Veena Das. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995. 230 pp.
Rational conic fibrations of sectional genus two

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polarized rational surfaces ( X , L) of sectional genus two ruled in conics are studied. When they are not minimal, they are described as the blow-up of 𝔽 1 at some points lying on distinct fibers. Ampleness and very ampleness of L are studied in terms of their location. When L is very ample and there is a line contained in X and transverse to the fibers, the conic fibrations ( X , L) are classified and a related property concerned with the inflectional locus is discussed.
Use of Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors Alone or in Combinations in Persons with Diabetes in Denmark; Potential for CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Drug Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most used drugs in Denmark for which there exists pharmacogenomics (PGx)-based dosing guidelines and FDA annotations. In this study, we further scrutinized the use of clopidogrel and PPIs when prescriptions were redeemed from Danish Pharmacies alone or in combination in the Danish population and among persons with diabetes in Denmark. The focus deals with the potential of applying PGx-guided antiplatelet therapy taking both drug–drug interactions (DDI) and drug–gene interactions (DGI) into account. Methods: The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics was the source to retrieve consumption data. Results: The consumption of PPIs and clopidogrel in terms of prevalence (users/1000 inhabitants) increased over a five-year period by 6.3% to 103.1 (PPIs) and by 41.7% to 22.1 (clopidogrel), respectively. The prevalence of the use of clopidogrel and PPIs in persons with diabetes are 3.8 and 2.1–2.8 times higher compared to the general population. When redeemed in combination, the prevalence increased to 4.7. The most used combination was clopidogrel and pantoprazole. Conclusions: The use of clopidogrel and PPIs either alone or in combination is quite widespread, in particular among the elderly and persons with diabetes. This further supports the emerging need of accessing and accounting for not only DDI but also for applying PGx-guided drug therapy in clinical decision making for antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel having a particular focus on persons with diabetes and the elderly.
Reduced sexual functionality of PI‐Wolbachia‐infected females of Tetrastichus coeruleus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract W olbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria known to manipulate the reproduction of their hosts by, for example, inducing parthenogenesis. In most cases of W olbachia‐ induced parthenogenesis, the infection is fixed and the entire host population consists of females. In the absence of males and sexual reproduction, genes involved in sexual reproduction are not actively maintained by selection. Accumulation of neutral mutations or selection against maintenance of sexual traits may lead to their loss or deterioration. In addition, females may lose the ability to reproduce sexually due to ‘functional virginity mutations’ that may spread concomitantly with the W olbachia infection through a population. The parasitoid wasp T etrastichus coeruleus ( N ees) ( H ymenoptera: E ulophidae) forms an ideal model to study the decay of sexual functionality, because it has both W olbachia ‐infected, parthenogenetic populations and uninfected, sexual populations. We compared several components of sexual functionality of arrhenotokous (sexual) and thelytokous (parthenogenetic) T . coeruleus females. First, we tested whether arrhenotokous and thelytokous females were equally attractive and receptive to males. Second, we examined whether mating is costly to females by measuring the life span of mated and virgin females. Last, we studied the morphology of the spermathecae of arrhenotokous and thelytokous females. Mated females had shorter life spans than virgin females, showing that mating carried a fitness cost. Two sexual traits of thelytokous females have degraded compared to arrhenotokous females. Arrhenotokous and thelytokous females were equally attractive to males, but thelytokous females were unreceptive to males. Furthermore, there was a clear difference in spermathecal morphology between arrhenotokous and thelytokous females. Our data do not allow distinction between the various potential causes of such degradation. Although the longevity cost of mating may indicate selection against the maintenance of costly sexual traits, accumulation of neutral mutations, functional virginity mutations, manipulation by W olbachia , and/or the genetic distance between the two populations may all have contributed to the decay of sexual traits in thelytokous females.
Uniform Localization of Atomic and Molecular Orbitals. II

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Uniformly localized molecular orbitals (LMO's) have been obtained from one-determinant wavefunctions of minimal-basis-set LCAO-SCF-MO's for CH4, NH3, H2O, H2CO, HCN, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, and B2H6. The localization criterion is based on the simultaneous maximization in all the available (doubly filled) orbitals of local electron populations which are required be to localized around atoms or between pairs (sometimes triplets) of atoms in the molecule. The well-defined inner shell, lone pair, and localized bond orbitals resulting for polyatomic molecules appear to fit well into the usual concepts of conventional chemistry. As in the case of diatomics discussed in a previous publication, the uniformly localized orbitals obtained in the present paper prove to be very close to the corresponding LMO's resulting from the rather cumbersome method of maximizing the sum of the orbital self-repulsion energies.
Comparison of Two Respirator User Training Methods: Video and One-On-One Training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lung disease is one of the leading causes of occupation-related illness (Blanc et al., 2019; Sirajuddin & Kanne, 2009). To protect themselves, millions of workers rely on respiratory devices (Syamlal et al., 2006; Wizner et al., 2016). However, for these devices to be protective, workers must be trained to consistently don and doff a mask correctly. Currently, there are only a few documented training strategies employed and their effectiveness for respiratory protection has largely been unchallenged. Therefore, this study aims to compare the efficacy of two popular training strategies: one-on-one training and video training. Twenty subjects were recruited for this study and stratified into two groups based on the type of training they received. One group received training by a pre-recorded video, and the second group received one-on-one training by the lead investigator. All participants underwent unassisted quantitative fit tests before and after training, to assess their ability to achieve respiratory protection. Those that were trained by video had statistically insignificant improvements in fit test results after training (P = 0.07). In contrast, those trained in person by a professional were able to significantly improve their pass rates post-training (P = 0.01). These findings are consistent with the literature, suggesting that in-person strategies can better serve to enhance the learning experience.
Polymer Composite Hydrogel Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyacrylamide/Polybenzoxazine Carbon for Use in Flexible Supercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymer gels are cross-linked polymer networks swollen by a solvent. These cross-linked networks are interconnected to produce a three-dimensional molecular framework. It is this cross-linked network that provides solidity to the gel and helps to hold the solvent in place. The present work deals with the fabrication of polybenzoxazine carbon (PBzC)-based gels that could function as a solid electrode in flexible supercapacitors (SCs). With the advantage of molecular design flexibility, polybenzoxazine-based carbon containing different hetero-atoms was synthesized. A preliminary analysis of PBzC including XRD, Raman, XPS, and SEM confirmed the presence of hetero-atoms with varying pore structures. These PBz-carbons, upon reaction with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylamide (AAm), produced a composite polymer hydrogel, PVA/poly (AAm)/PBzC. The performance of the synthesized hydrogel was analyzed using a three-electrode system. PVA/poly (AAm)/PBzC represented the working electrode. The inclusion of PBzC within the PVA/poly (AAm) matrix was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. A substantial increase in the CV area and a longer charge/discharge time signified the importance of PBzC inclusion. The PVA/poly (AAm)/PBzC electrode exhibited larger specific capacitance (Cs) of 210 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 when compared with the PVA/poly (AAm) electrode [Cs = 92 F g−1]. These improvements suggest that the synthesized composite hydrogel can be used in flexible supercapacitors requiring light weight and wearability.
Individual Cell Analysis of the Cytokine Repertoire in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1–Infected Monocytes/Macrophages by a Combination of Immunocytochemistry and In Situ Hybridization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The expression of many cytokines is dysregulated in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). To determine the effects of HIV-1 infection on cytokine expression in individual cells (at the single cell level), we investigated the intracellular levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and hematopoietic growth factors (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) in monocyte-derived macrophages, mock-infected, or infected with HIV-1 by immunocytochemical staining for cytokine protein and compared this with secreted cytokine levels as determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No difference in the frequency or intensity of cell-associated immunocytochemical cytokine staining could be observed between HIV-1 and mock-infected cells even though the level of secreted proinflammatory cytokines increased and the hematopoietic growth factors decreased in HIV-1–infected cultures. Furthermore, equal expression of cytokine mRNA was observed in all cells in the culture regardless of whether the cells were productively infected with HIV-1 as determined by double-labelling immunocytochemical staining for HIV-1 p24 antigen and in situ hybridization for cytokine mRNA expression. These results indicate that HIV-1 infection results in dysregulation of intracellular cytokine mRNA expression and cytokine secretion not only in HIV-1–infected cells, but also through an indirect way(s) affecting cells not producing virus.
Feminist Comedy's Blond Badass: Amy Schumer and the Limits of White Feminism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Amy Schumer is a well-known feminist comedian.1 She wrote and starred in the 2015 movie Trainwreck (which grossed $110 million), secured a record-breaking multi-million dollar advance for her 2016 book The Girl with The Lower Back Tattoo,2 and continues to write and star in the Comedy Central television series Inside Amy Schumer. She filmed an HBO stand-up comedy special, Amy Schumer: Live at the Apollo, and she smiles on magazine covers ranging from fashion cornerstones like Vogue, Marie Claire, and Elle, to lifestyle publications such as Vanity Fair, People, and GQ, to entertainment industry publications Variety and Entertainment Weekly.3 She has also appeared in mainstream feminist publications Ms. and Bust where she proudly proclaims herself to be a feminist. As one of only a few women in recent memory to command such consistent media attention, Schumer’s feminist identity is notable. As a comedian, actress, author, and public figure, she uses her popularity to reveal and ridicule a wide range of gender inequalities, cultural absurdities, and double standards.
Abundance and Diversity of Glacial Bacteria on the Tibetan Plateau with Environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The relation of glacial microorganism and their living environment is concerned but less understood for both glaciologists and microbiologists. Here we present the results about glacial snow bacteria from 3 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau. The concentrations and diversity of bacteria collected from snow pit samples of East Rongbuk, Laohugou and Hailuogou glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau were investigated by epifluorescence microscope, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Shannon-Weaver index. Concentrations and community diversity of bacteria in the East Rongbuk glacier with lower concentration and smaller size of microparticle were lower than in the Laohugou with higher concentration and larger size of microparticle. Bacterial concentration in East Rongbuk Glacier was close to that in polar regions, suggesting that Mt. Everest is a bacterial background for remote regions away from direct influence of anthropogenic sources. In addition, altitude difference was another factor for higher concentrations and community diversity of bacteria in Hailuogou and Laohugou glaciers than in East Rongbuk Glacier. The highest concentrations and community diversity of bacteria in Hailuogou Glacier were attributed to its most diverse atmospheric circulations and highest temperature among the 3 glaciers. We suggest a complicated correlation between glacial bacteria and their regional living environments.