jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Production and immobilization of β-glucosidase for transglycosylation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bioethanol from biomass is one of the renewable energy sources. Its production from lignocellulose biomass requires a variety of cellulolytic enzymes, which can all be produced by Trichoderma reesei. Sophorose is an effective inducer for cellulase production with T. reesei. This disaccharide is not present in nature and is extremely expensive. However, it can be produced via transglycosylation reaction with β-glucosidase. \n \nThe aim of this work was to produce sophorose via tranglycosylation reaction. This thesis focuses on the production of β-glucosidase with T. reesei and immobilizing the enzyme to perform a transglycosylation reaction. The produced β-glucosidase was immobilized on chitosan beads. \n \nIn this thesis, a sugar mixture of lactose and two additional sugars was discovered. This mixture induced protein production in T. reesei. The maximum amount of β-glucosidase (3.0 g/l) was produced with H sugar mixture in four days. The produced maximum β-glucosidase activity was 60 IU/ml at the highest. Immobilization of β-glucosidase was proven to be possible on chitosan beads. However, the produced β-glucosidase immobilized on chitosan beads did not produce a detectable amount of sophorose, although a large amount of gentiobiose (15 g/l) was detected.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Catapult-like release of mitochondrial DNA by eosinophils contributes to antibacterial defense.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Although eosinophils are considered useful in defense mechanisms against parasites, their exact function in innate immunity remains unclear. The aim of this study is to better understand the role of eosinophils within the gastrointestinal immune system. We show here that lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria activates interleukin-5 (IL-5)- or interferon-gamma-primed eosinophils to release mitochondrial DNA in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner, but independent of eosinophil death. Notably, the process of DNA release occurs rapidly in a catapult-like manner--in less than one second. In the extracellular space, the mitochondrial DNA and the granule proteins form extracellular structures able to bind and kill bacteria both in vitro and under inflammatory conditions in vivo. Moreover, after cecal ligation and puncture, Il5-transgenic but not wild-type mice show intestinal eosinophil infiltration and extracellular DNA deposition in association with protection against microbial sepsis. These data suggest a previously undescribed mechanism of eosinophil-mediated innate immune responses that might be crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier function after inflammation-associated epithelial cell damage, preventing the host from uncontrolled invasion of bacteria. PMID: 18690244 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI067522
Reviews of selected 100 recent papers for lithium batteries(Apr.1,2014 to May 31,2014)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This bimonthly review paper highlights 100 recent published papers on lithium batteries. We searched the Web of Science and found 1084 papers online from April 1,2014 to May 31,2014. 100 of them were selected to be highlighted. Layered oxide and high voltage spinel cathode materials are still under extensive investigations. Large efforts were devoted to Si based anode materials and electrolytes, composite carboneceous anode, solid state electrolytes. There are a few papers related to Li/S battery, Li-air battery and more papers related to cell analyses, theoretical simulations, and modeling.
From ‘cryptic species’ to integrative taxonomy: an iterative process involving DNA sequences, morphology, and behaviour leads to the resurrection of Sepsis pyrrhosoma (Sepsidae: Diptera)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tan, D. S. H., Ang, Y., Lim, G. S., Ismail, M. R. B. & Meier, R. (2010). From ‘cryptic species’ to integrative taxonomy: an iterative process involving DNA sequences, morphology, and behaviour leads to the resurrection of Sepsis pyrrhosoma (Sepsidae: Diptera). — Zoologica Scripta , 39 , 51–61. The increased availability of DNA sequences has led to a surge of ‘cryptic species’ in the literature. These units are usually proposed based on finding genetically distinct lineages within species that were initially defined based on morphological characters. However, few authors attempt to confirm whether these ‘cryptic’ units are species and even fewer authors are explicit about which species concept is applied. Here, we use an example from Sepsidae (Diptera) to demonstrate how cryptic species can be validated by an iterative process involving several data sources and an evaluation of the data under different species concepts. A phylogeographic analysis based on 50 specimens for five species of the flavimana group revealed deep mitochondrial splits within Sepsis flavimana which was suggestive of a cryptic species. We resolve the initial conflict between DNA sequences and morphology by adding new morphological data as well as behavioural evidence and tests for reproductive isolation. One cryptic species is confirmed and Sepsis pyrrhosoma , a former synonym of S. flavimana , is here shown to be a valid species under most species concepts. We can thus document that the same data can lead to similar conclusions under conflicting concepts once different kinds of data are integrated.
Efficient Characterization Methodology for Low-Frequency Noise Monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a novel methodology to characterize the Low-Frequency Noise LFN on large device statistics and suitable for production monitoring is proposed. The maximum drain current fluctuations over time are measured. The slope of the LFN distribution is modeled with physical equations related to the basic device properties. The approach is validated by studying the impact of transistor geometry (different gate width, number of fingers and gate length) as well as gate oxide thickness and characterization temperature. In conclusion, the proposed methodology is tested evaluating different process integration elements. The outcome is compared to classical LFN read-out for final confirmation.
A cross-country analysis on unemployment: past, present and a scenario-based foresight into the future

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Following multiple studies approach this thesis has as its main objective a proposition of a scenario-based foresight for the unemployment rates in a cross-country analysis, that have as main scope Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the BRICS countries. This purpose of research and the scenarios proposed, as well the path to the building of them, will come to answer the research question: How could unemployment rates evolve in a 10-year forecasting horizon for BRICS countries? Two studies precede, our scenario- based foresight. First, a bibliometric analysis is applied to identify the emerging topics on unemployment-related academic literature. From this study we extract some themes that could be used as possible determinants that could explain unemployment rates composition. Second study builds-up from the first one, having some potential determinants for unemployment we use a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to identify which of determinants are more influential on unemployment rates configuration. From these studies findings, we move forward refining our scope of analysis to BRICS nations. Using each countrys historical unemployment rates, we apply quantitative forecasting methods, namely: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Exponential Smoothing Technique (ETS), and Seasonal and Trend Decomposing using Loess (STL). Using these methods, we forecast possible future unemployment levels in a 10-years into the future timespan. Results extracted from each method are the basis to the qualitative scenario forecasting technique that is used to present three potential scenarios for unemployment rates in BRICS countries in a 10-years into the future. From these scenarios and throughout all analyses we present and discuss in this thesis, it is hoped that we may advance academic research exploring a not usual scope of unemployment-related studies whereas we may offer to BRICS policy- and decision-makers some anticipation about what might come into their futures regarding unemployment, labour market, and labour-relationships in order to enable a better informed policies proposition that could envision a better future for all those interested economic and socially involved.
Prioritizing lean supply chain management initiatives in healthcare service operations: A Fuzzy-AHP approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of this study is to propose a holistic approach for prioritizing lean SCM initiatives in healthcare service operations, based on relative weights of various initiatives on a range of performance measures for better understanding of what motivations and supporting factors influence the selection of LSCM initiative/strategy. Twenty-four LSCM initiatives were identified, using a comprehensive literature review. Q-sort method was initially used to categorize those initiatives into four categories: (a) Continuous process improvement; (b) Enterprise alignment/integration; (c) Waste elimination; and (d) Flow management/JIT. Fuzzy AHP was used to prioritize the four categories based on its relative weight of importance on three different performance dimensions. The result shows that continuous improvement is a dominating LSCM initiative in increasing operational and financial performance while enterprise alignment/integration is a dominating initiative in enhancing organizational images and operational performance. Finally, it is noted that customer needs and influence are the most important drivers to encourage hospital to adopt LSCM strategy.
587 Infantile beriberi as a cause of acute infantile encephalopathy in a referral hospital in Southern Bhutan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Thiamine deficiency may lead to acute encephalopathy (infantile beriberi/infantile Wernicke's encephalopathy) and resembles infections like meningitis and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES)/meningoencephalitis. Infants with acute encephalopathy admitted to the Pediatric Department of Central Regional Referral Hospital (CRRH) in Gelephu, Bhutan, historically had high mortality (>70%). In August 2018, suspecting thiamine deficiency as a possible cause, a protocol was deployed to administer thiamine to all children with acute encephalopathy.

Objectives

We aimed to describe the clinical presentation of children admitted with acute encephalopathy from January 2015-December 2020, comparing morbidity and mortality outcome before and after administration of thiamine.

Methods

We retrospectively collected record-based data from children 1–59 months, admitted with acute encephalopathy between January 2015-December 2020, including clinical presentation, laboratory results and investigations such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging. We excluded children with infectious meningitis, chronic neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic brain injury. Data was analyzed to assess changes in morbidity and mortality outcome before (Group A: January 1st 2015-July 31st 2018) and after (Group B: August 1st 2018-December 31st 2020) the thiamine administration protocol.

Results

In the 6 year period, 153 children (40.5% female) presented with acute encephalopathy with a median age of 3 months (IQR 1.5 to 4), and 88.2% below 6 months. Almost all (99.3%) were born at term, and majority (88.9%) were exclusively breastfed. There were no significant differences between children who did not receive thiamine (65; 42.5%) and those who received thiamine (88; 57.5%) with respect to age, gender, gestational age at birth. The most common presentation was irritability followed by seizures and reduced sensorium. Overall, 59 children died (38.6%), most of whom had not received thiamine (Group A mortality rate 81.5%, Group B mortality rate 6.8%, p≤0.001). A disproportionate number of deaths were noted in infants below 6 months of age (81.4%). Respiratory failure was the most common morbidity followed by shock, and acute kidney injury. There was a significantly lower incidence of respiratory failure (p≤0.001) and shock (p=0.003) in children who received thiamine.

Conclusions

In children admitted with acute encephalopathy, administration of thiamine appeared to significantly reduce mortality and morbidity. Prospective studies of children presenting with acute encephalopathy, including measurement of thiamine levels, may validate our preliminary findings suggestive of acute infantile beriberi.
Distilling with Performance Enhanced Students

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The task of accelerating large neural networks on general purpose hardware has, in recent years, prompted the use of channel pruning to reduce network size. However, the efficacy of pruning based approaches has since been called into question. In this paper, we turn to distillation for model compression---specifically, attention transfer---and develop a simple method for discovering performance enhanced student networks. We combine channel saliency metrics with empirical observations of runtime performance to design more accurate networks for a given latency budget. We apply our methodology to residual and densely-connected networks, and show that we are able to find resource-efficient student networks on different hardware platforms while maintaining very high accuracy. These performance-enhanced student networks achieve up to 10% boosts in top-1 ImageNet accuracy over their channel-pruned counterparts for the same inference time.
Periodic Fasting and Acute Cardiac Events in Patients Evaluated for COVID-19: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Periodic fasting was previously associated with greater longevity and a lower incidence of heart failure (HF) in a pre-pandemic population. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), periodic fasting was associated with a lower risk of death or hospitalization. This study evaluated the association between periodic fasting and HF hospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Methods: Patients enrolled in the INSPIRE registry from February 2013 to March 2020 provided periodic fasting information and were followed into the pandemic (n = 5227). Between March 2020 and February 2023, N = 2373 patients were studied, with n = 601 COVID-positive patients being the primary study population (2836 had no COVID-19 test; 18 were excluded due to fasting <5 years). A Cox regression was used to evaluate HF admissions, MACEs, and other endpoints through March 2023, adjusting for covariables, including time-varying COVID-19 vaccination. Results: In patients positive for COVID-19, periodic fasting was reported by 180 (30.0% of 601), who periodically fasted over 43.1 ± 19.2 years (min: 7, max: 83). HF hospitalization (n = 117, 19.5%) occurred in 13.3% of fasters and 22.1% of non-fasters [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.63, CI = 0.40, 0.99; p = 0.044]. Most HF admissions were exacerbations, with a prior HF diagnosis in 111 (94.9%) patients hospitalized for HF. Fasting was also associated with a lower MACE risk (aHR = 0.64, CI = 0.43, 0.96; p = 0.030). In n = 1772 COVID-negative patients (29.7% fasters), fasting was not associated with HF hospitalization (aHR = 0.82, CI = 0.64, 1.05; p = 0.12). In COVID-positive and negative patients combined, periodic fasting was associated with lower mortality (aHR = 0.60, CI = 0.39, 0.93; p = 0.021). Conclusions: Routine periodic fasting was associated with less HF hospitalization in patients positive for COVID-19.
Roles of Central Government & Local Governments in successfully Implementing RISE system and Glocal University 30 Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the RISE system and the Glocal University 30 project introduced by the Yoon administration. The researchers studied and critically reflected on various policy materials, including policy research reports, forum and seminar materials, and critically analyzed the validity of these policies from two perspectives: policy design and implementation, through interviews with university professors and experts involved in the policy process. The study found that a clear division of roles between the central and local governments, a shift away from selection based solely on fairness, the establishment of a systematic performance management system, and the linkage of the RISE system with the Glocal University 30 project are essential for the successful implementation of these policies. In particular, it is necessary to move away from the simple logic of selection and concentration, and to systematically build a healthy higher education ecosystem by strengthening role sharing and cooperation among universities in the region, and it was also suggested that legal and institutional support and financial support should be improved to help individual universities develop their specialisation.
A marketing strategy for a new functional fish

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The successful development and bringing to market of a new fortified sea bream depends not only on the additional nutrients that it may include and the multiple health benefits that it might generate, but also on consumer habits, needs, wants, and their willingness to accept a new functional food product. In order to produce information on supporting entrepreneurs' investment decisions with respect to a new functional fish, a market research study was performed in order to gather market data. The descriptive study aimed to measure: consumption habits with respect to all types of fish; the market share of aquaculture fish; market size and channels; the factors determining the acceptance of the new product; the consumer probability of buying and recommending the new product; the fair price of the new product; and the consumer profile. The results of this study were used to design a marketing strategy for the new food product to meet the Portuguese market requirements.
The otherwise and grace: Exploring theopolitical connections

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although they are not often in explicit conversation with each other, several scholarly contributions about the otherwise and grace, respectively, echo each other in striking ways. In this article, the author explores some of these echoes. Assembling theoretically various approaches to the otherwise and grace allows him to show that they both tread on similar theopolitical paths, and to identify three points on which they converge: excess, incarnation and turbulence. The article is structured around these three confluences. Each section begins with a description of a particular way of approaching the otherwise, which is then compared with a similar way of approaching grace. Each section concludes with reflections on the spaces of convergence thus identified, and it is argued that they constitute promising sites for the deployment of a ‘theopolitical analytics’ in anthropology.
Associations Between Markers of Inflammation and Hemoglobin Concentration: Implications for Diagnosis of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammation reduces Hb concentrations, increasing anemia estimates, but the magnitude of this effect in different populations is unknown. We explored associations between inflammation (defined as C‐reactive protein (CRP) > 5mg/L and/or α1–acid glycoprotein (AGP) >1g/L), Hb concentrations, and their interpretation in defining anemia (Hb <120 g/L) in women of reproductive age (WRA). Data from 10,483 non‐pregnant WRA who participated in national surveys in 8 countries were analyzed using complex survey techniques by the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutrition Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. Anemia prevalence was 27.6%, and inflammation ranged from 7.8% to 28.9%. Hb was inversely correlated with CRP and AGP. Anemia prevalence was 2 times higher in those with elevated AGP compared to normal (POR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7–2.3) which remained unchanged after adjustment for age and BMI. The association between inflammation and anemia based on elevated CRP was weaker, POR 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1 –1.4) but not significant in Laos, Oman or Papua New Guinea. Elevated CRP and AGP were independently associated with a higher prevalence of anemia. Approaches to account for elevated CRP and AGP in estimating anemia prevalence will be presented. Research support: BMGF, CDC, GAIN, NICHD.
Very Large Scale PV Power Generation for Shifting to a Renewable Energy Future

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to meet the environmental challenge in the 21st Century, renewable energy must play an important role. PV is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies. It may be no exaggeration to say that we’re now coming to the stage of energy transition by PV power plants. PV power plants came on the market first in the latter half of 2000s. Since then, a capacity of the largest PV power plant in the world has been broken every year. In 2014, some PV plants over 500MW started operation. Currently, a share of PV power plants will be 15% or more of the total PV installation in the world. The technical and economic feasibility of the large scale PV power plants are already proven, and the environmental and socio-economic benefits can make the project more attractive. To deploy large scale PV power plants as a major power source, the feasibility and expected benefits of PV power plants are analysed, as well as a potential for global energy system.
A Pushback Slot Allocation Equilibrium Model Based on Game Theory

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the relationship between airport and airline, the time slot allocation system is portrayed as a market where the airline can be seen as consumer, airport can be seen as the trader and the goods is the occupied pushback slots of airport. In that case, the generalized nash equilibrium game is presented based on game theory. Taking the Minimize delay as a target, a decision models of airport was established. The pushback slot allocation equilibrium model based on game theory is finnally formed, and a framework for solving the equilibrium solution is proposed.