jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emerging drug treatments for cystic fibrosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-shortening inherited disorders. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene disrupt the localisation and function of the cAMP-mediated chloride channel. Most of the morbidity and mortality arise from the lung disease which is characterised by excessive inflammation and chronic infection. Research into the mechanisms of wild-type and mutant CFTR biogenesis suggest that multiple drug targets can be identified. This review explores the current understanding of the nature of the different mutant CFTR forms and the potential for repair of the chloride channel defect. High-throughput screening, pharmacogenomics and proteomics bring recent technological advances to the field.
Is artificial selection in Italian Holstein Friesian cattle favouring heterozygotes?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years, the genetic analysis of cattle breeds has shown that most of the genetic variability is located within breeds instead that between breeds (Mac Hugh et al., 1998). Moreover, the amount of genetic diversity assessed within breeds is quite high (Edwards et al., 2000). A selection pressure in favour of the heterozygotes can be a possible explanation for this. In this case the management of cattle breeds would represent a tool to preserve genetic variability, instead of the cause of its decline. The Italian Friesian is the main Italian dairy cattle breed. The herd book has been created in 1959 and is managed by the ANAFI (National Association of Italian Friesian Breeders). Each year ANAFI updates the herd book and uses productive data for computing genetic evaluations by an animal model analysis. These genetic evaluations are available to the farmers who use them to choose semen for artificial insemination.........
Auditor Faux Pas and Managerial Fraud at McKesson and Robbins: A Preliminary Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Forensic accounting has seen a remarkable growth in the last decade due to accounting scandals like Enron, Arthur Anderson, and Bernie Madoff Investments. This study explicates the history and impact of the McKesson & Robbins fraud. This fraud indirectly led to the establishment of the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS). Today, every audit is planned and executed based on the provisions of GAAS. In this pilot study, an instrument measuring awareness of the McKesson & Robbins fraud is administered to 115 accounting students. The results of this pilot study indicate that students have very little knowledge of this monumental fraud.
Automated Production of Mycelium-Based Composite Products Using the Fibre Injection Moulding Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The production of plastics has increased exponentially in the past two decades, with packaging making up a large portion of usage. Environmental concerns have surged due to the disposal of plastic waste, with only a small percentage being recycled while the rest is either burned or ending up in landfills. As a result, there is a growing need for alternatives, including biodegradable materials like mycelium, the structural part of fungi. While mycelium holds promise for technical applications, the manufacturing process is mainly manual, which hampers efficiency and scaling to large scale series applications. Therefore, automating the manufacturing process of mycelium-based products has the potential to improve precision, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing. One potential method of automation is the Fiber Injection Molding (FIM) process. The characteristics of this process is the injection of a mixture of structural fibers and a thermoplastic binder into a mold by means of a large volume airflow. This study aims to investigate the applicability of the FIM process for manufacturing natural products bound by mycelium and the required adaptions to an existing plant, using two different types of fungal spores, namely Trametes Versicolor and Pleurotus Ostreatus. The spores were grown on fibers of hemp, straw, and wood and form-filling was conducted via FIM. The results of the study include a summary of the challenges faced when using FIM for manufacturing mycelium-based products, optimized process parameters and concepts for adapted machinery equipment. The study found that FIM is a suitable method for producing mycelium-based products, and the optimal process parameters varied depending on the type of fungal spores and fiber used. However, the study also identifies some challenges, such as the transportation of materials in the large airflow. In conclusion, the FIM process can be used to manufacture mycelium-based products effectively.
Analytical hierarchy process for regional development priority in Donorejo, Central Java

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Donorejo is one of the villages in Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This village is a unique place and famous for its tourism site, namely Goa Seplawan. Nevertheless, this tourist attraction has not provided significant income for local revenue, as the poverty rate in Donorejo is still quite high. The Office of Community Empowerment, Villages, Population and Civil Registry of Central Java stated that only 1, 630 residents of Donorejo were categorized as prosperous in their economy. It indicated that almost 50% of the population in Donorejo has not been economically prosperous and the development of Donorejo has not implemented optimally. To find out the proper development strategy, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used as a method based on stakeholder assessment in the Donorejo. The used priorities were based on four aspects, namely human resource development, regional promotion, development of supporting infrastructure, and public services. The obtained results indicated that development of supporting infrastructure is a priority for the development of Donorejo. This outcome can be used as a reference to optimize the village development.
Job Burnout Among Primary Healthcare Workers in Rural China: A Multilevel Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The health workers in rural primary care systems are at the increasing risk of job burnout. To explore the prevalence and associated factors of the job burnout among the primary healthcare worker in rural China, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 15,627 participants in 459 township hospitals from six provinces. A combination of stratified multi-stage sampling and cluster sampling method, and a self-administrated questionnaire with the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS) were used in the investigation. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the potential associated factors on both individual and organisational levels. 47.6% of respondents were experiencing moderate burnout, and 3.3% were in severe burnout. Professionals working for over 40 h per week, at young age, with a college degree, and with professional titles at medium or high rank reported a higher degree of job burnout. At the institutional level, the high ratio of performance-based salary was associated with a higher level of depersonalization. Burnout has become prevalent among the primary healthcare workers in rural China, and multiple strategies are needed to reduce the work stress and some high-risk groups’ vulnerability to job burnout.
Systematic Optimization of the Cooling Duct System of Electric Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During the past years the relevance of zero emission vehicles has grown steadily. A lowdrag design of electric vehicles is mandatory to satisfy the cruising range needs. The cooling air drag accounts for an important part of the total drag. At the same time, the cooling requirements of electric vehicles differ from the cooling needs of internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, we describe these differences and suggest a systematic approach for the optimization of the cooling duct system of electric vehicles with regard to the internal drag and the interference drag. The optimization will be performed both experimentally in the wind tunnel and numerically through a topology optimization based on the adjoint method.
Designing HIPAOC: High Performance Architecture On Chip

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

New high performance architectures combining high and low level techniques are widely used today, and FPGA-based designs offer excellent platforms for this kind of systems. There are a lot of multiprocessor systems implemented on FPGApsilas but they are very often application and platform specific. This paper describes the HIPAOC (high performance architecture on chip) system, a general purpose and reconfigurable high performance architecture implemented on a single FPGA. The proposed design is application and platform independent and furthermore, two different memory models, shared or distributed memory, can be used depending on the designer requirements. Therefore it is not only a multiprocessor on chip, it can be a multicomputer on chip too.
Asymmetrical cognitive differences associated with hemiparkinsonism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The question of whether Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who have left (LPD) or right (RPD) motor predominance also exhibit cognitive differences is controversial. We examined this issue using a neuropsychological battery designed to provide a balanced sampling of both right- and left-hemispheric functions. RPD patients were impaired relative to LPD patients on verbally mediated tasks (left hemisphere function), but there was no group difference for visuospatial tasks (right-hemispheric function). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the extent of right side motor predominance and performance on verbal tasks, but there was no relationship between left side motor symptoms and performance on visuospatial tasks. The controversy related to cognitive differences in hemiparkinsonism may be due to the balance of the assessment procedure, the severity of motor asymmetry, or both.
Making the town: William West's walking tours

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Guidebooks have long been used as a way of directing the visitor through the town. Some, like John Gay’s Trivia, formed a general introduction to the social mores of street life. Others offered detailed itineraries for tours through the town, directing the walker along the improved streets of the town and calling at the most important locations including civic and ecclesiastical buildings, leisure facilities, charitable institutions and increasingly shops. As both practical guides and a form of armchair tourism, these books were important in constructing and broadcasting the image of the town as sites of modern consumption, be it of culture, leisure or material goods. It is perhaps surprising then that they have received relatively little attention: the gaze of historians falling instead on the more serious town histories or guidebooks for tourist destinations such as the Lake District (Sweet, 1997; Whyte, 2000).
In this paper, I want to explore the tours and itineraries offered in William West’s History, Topography and Directory of Warwickshire (1830). As the title suggests, this volume was a hybrid, drawing on the topographical tradition of Leland, Camden and others, yet presenting current commercial and tourist information. Within his suggested itinerary through the county, detailed walking tours of Warwick, Leamington Spa and Birmingham stand out, and form the focus of my paper. In it, I contrast the treatment of the three towns, arguing that this was not merely a reflection of their different economic and physical structure; it was also a product of West's conscious construction of them as, respectively, places of history, leisure and commerce. Yet these were not crude stereotypes, but subtle re-presentations of the towns which sought to celebrate and position them within the imagination of the reader.
Guest Tunable Structure and Spin Crossover Properties in a Nanoporous Coordination Framework Material

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The electronic switching properties of the nanoporous spin crossover framework [Fe(NCS)(2)(bpbd)(2)] x x(guest), SCOF-2, can be rationally manipulated via sorption of a range of molecular guests (acetone, ethanol, methanol, propanol, 1-acetonitrile) into the 1-D channels of this material. Pronounced changes to the spin crossover properties are related directly to the steric and electronic influence of the individual guests: the degree of lattice cooperativity, as reflected in the abruptness of the transition and presence of hysteresis, is strongly influenced by the presence of cooperative host-guest interactions, and the temperature of the transition varies with guest polarity through a proposed electrostatic interaction.
A Fuzzy Model of Ranking Risks at Petropars Company’s Excavation of Oil Well Projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Naturally all activities are along with risk and uncertainties. Project risk has the concept more than the financial concept. In project management, risks are events that can occur during the project implementation and has negative effects on project completion and meeting goals. Identification, analysis, prioritizing and having plan for dealing with these events are playing an important role in project success. Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) illustrates a systematic approach for implementation of risk management plan that can be lead to minimization of probability or impacts of undesirable outcomes to project goals. On the other hand appearing risks implies that project is done in an uncertain environment. Fuzzy computations are a suitable tool for dealing with these uncertainties. In this paper, possible risks in implementation of excavation of oil well project are identified and then measured and ranked by fuzzy approach.
INJURY, INJUSTICE, AND THE INVOLUNTARY IN THE LAWS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Laws resiles from Socratic intellectualism. In both Book 5 and Book 9 the Athenian Stranger makes ignorance only one of several psychic conditions that can result in vicious character. And in Book 9 he attributes injustice to the tyranny exercised in the soul by desires and the like, while allowing that behaviour constituting justice in action may nonetheless involve mistakes – i.e. cognitive errors of one sort or another. Yet the Stranger goes out of his way to reassert the Socratic paradox that nobody is unjust or otherwise vicious in character willingly. How then can he talk without inconsistency of voluntary wrongdoing, a category apparently fundamental to any system of criminal law? In tackling this question the Stranger draws a distinction between acts of injustice and acts of injury or harm. Not all injuries are acts of injustice, and where they are involuntary they do not count as 'involuntary injustices'. There are voluntarily committed injuries that are wrongful. But the injury and the wrongfulness inhabit two different logical spaces. Injury is what one person does to another, and as such it never has any moral dimension. It calls for compensation and reconciliation, and in some cases the purification prescribed by religion. Wrong or injustice is damage people do only to themselves, and that never other than involuntarily. It requires remedial treatment. No logical room is left for the idea that retribution is the essence of punishment.
Hematological Profile of Preterm Infants Born to Mothers with Early Onset Preeclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

oBjectives: To determine whether restrictive guidelines for UVC use in an NICU decrease the proportion that receives UVC without a corresponding increase in usage of other CVC's.design/Methods: From January to March 2011, we initiated a knowledge translation program-Resuscitation and Early Stabilization In Newborns (RESIN) -which includes restrictive UVC insertion guidelines.We retrospectively compared preterm neonates (<33 wks gestation) born in pre-intervention (Jan-Dec 2010: Group 1) and post-intervention epochs (Apr 2011-Mar 2012: Group 2).We recorded baseline demographic and clinical data.The primary outcome was proportion of infants receiving UVC.Secondary outcomes were proportion receiving other types of CVC, proportion receiving any type of CVC, days with each type of CVC in situ, length of hospital stay and and rate of CLABSI.results: The 2 groups (N= 220 per group) were comparable at baseline, except for significantly lower proportion of SGA, use of ventilation at birth and SNAPPE-II; and higher proportion of antenatal steroid use and CPAP in Group 2. Group 2 had significantly lower proportion of patients that received UVC (42% vs. 62%, p<0.001),PICC (29% vs. 40%, p=0.027) and any CVC (68.6% vs. 50%, p<0.001) and less median (IQR) days on antibiotics [3 (0-8) vs. 4 (2-14), p=0.01] compared to Group 1.Among subjects who received the respective interventions, there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding median UVC days, PICC days and total CVC days [10 (6, 19) vs 10 (6, 18), p=0.67].Length of hospital stay, rate of CLABSI (11/220 vs 20/220, p=0.49) and mortality were not significantly different between the groups.conclusions: Guidelines for restrictive use of UVC's not only decreased the proportion of infants with UVC, but also with PICC or any CVC.
Control of dielectric chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) using an interferometry based endpoint sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report on the application of an optical endpoint sensor to various dielectric CMP processes. First, we demonstrate that this endpoint sensor can be used as an in-situ rate monitor. Since this sensor is based on interferometric measurements, the removal rate determined from the endpoint trace agrees well with that calculated from ex-situ measurements (less than 3% error on average). Secondly, we show that this endpoint technique provides excellent control on both shallow trench isolation (STI) and low level interlayer dielectrics (ILD). Although this technique is difficult for high level ILDs, it is the first CMP endpoint technology in the literature that is able to cover a wide variety of dielectric CMP processes.
PENGARUH AL-SYATIBI TERHADAP EKONOMI ISLAM KONTEMPORER

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the relevance of Imam Abu Ishaq al-Syatibi's thoughts on Maqasid al-Syari'ah in the development of contemporary Islamic economics. Al-Syatibi divides Maqasid al-Syari'ah into three levels: dharuriyyat (basic needs), hajiyyat (additional needs), and tahsiniyyat (complementary needs), which encompass the five fundamental elements of human life: religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth. This study employs a qualitative approach using literature review methods to explore the influence of al-Syatibi's thought on economic policies, Islamic financial products, and the formulation of socially just policies. The research findings indicate that the application of Maqasid al-Syari'ah principles can enhance the well-being of the community through fair wealth distribution, productive zakat management, and the development of the Islamic financial sector. Al-Syatibi's thought is also relevant in formulating fiscal policies focused on social justice and poverty alleviation, as well as in addressing global economic challenges such as social inequality and environmental degradation.
Carbon Dioxide Flooding Evaluation of High-Pour-Point, Paraffinic Red Wash Reservoir Oil

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Engineering methods are being developed to evaluate reservoir fluid systems for suitability to CO2 flooding. This paper presents our evaluation procedure as applied to laboratory data for a high-pour-point [95°F (35°C)] oil from the Red Wash field in Utah. The data were obtained from phase behavior and slim tube experiments. The results of this work indicate that high pressures are required for a miscible displacement of the highly paraf-finic, high-pour-point Red Wash oil. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) was found to be 4,650 psia (32 060 kPa), increasing only 5% to 4,900 psia (33 784 kPa) when the injected CO2 contains a 10 mol% nitrogen contaminant. These pressures are not currently economically obtainable in the Red Wash field.
Controlling Bitter Pit in `Honeycrisp' Apples

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Control of bitter pit in `Honeycrisp' apples ( Malus × domestica ) from trees treated during the growing season with foliar sprays of trifloxystrobin fungicide and calcium was evaluated in four replicated trials over 2 years. All trials were in commercial orchards of `Honeycrisp' trees that were 3 to 6 years old. The effectiveness of combining boron with foliar applications of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) was evaluated in two trials, and effectiveness of harpin protein, used either alone or in alternating sprays with CaCl 2 was assessed in one trial. Trifloxystrobin applied twice during the 30 days before harvest reduced bitter pit incidence at harvest in one of the four trials, but the reduction was transitory, no longer being evident when fruit were re-evaluated after 63 days of cold storage. Harpin protein did not affect disorder incidence. Calcium sprays failed to control bitter pit in treatments where the total elemental calcium applied was less than 2.7 lb/acre (3.03 kg·ha –1 ) per year for tree canopies that were sprayed to drip using 100 gal/acre (935.4 L·ha –1 ) of spray solution. In the two trials where some treatments involved application of at least 2.9 lb/acre (3.25 kg·ha –1 ) of elemental calcium per season, the incidence of fruit with bitter pit at harvest was reduced by 76% to 90%. Effectiveness of calcium sprays for bitter pit control was not enhanced by superimposing trifloxystrobin, boron, or harpin protein treatments. Flesh firmness at harvest was lower in calcium-treated than in non-treated fruit, and fruit maturity was more advanced on trees receiving boron sprays than on trees receiving no boron. In one trial, where the first calcium application was made approximately 2 weeks after petal fall and 4 days prior to a fruit thinning spray, crop load of trees that received calcium sprays, measured as number of fruit per cm 2 trunk cross-sectional area, was 38% greater than on trees that received no calcium sprays. CaCl 2 provided better control of bitter pit in `Honeycrisp' than any of the other materials tested.
Looking for Evidence that Place of Residence Influenced Visitor Attitudes to Feeding Wild Dolphins?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – To ascertain if place attachment or experiential norms influence visitor attitudes to the feeding of wild dolphins. Design/Methodology/Approach – A cross section of beach based visitors at a popular Australian marine tourism destination were opportunistically sampled using pen and paper questionnaires. Findings – Visitors expressed strong support for the strictly controlled minimalist reward feeding that accompanies beach based wild dolphin interactions at the Bunbury Dolphin Discovery Centre and visitors believe there are tourism benefits to be gained from the regulated feeding of wild dolphins. Results also suggest that neither place attachment nor experiential norms influence visitor attitudes to feeding of the Koombana Bay dolphin population. Originality of the research – This location specific, snapshot, case study suggests that contrary to published theory, place attachment and experiential norms do not influence tourist attitudes to wildlife feeding, especially for charismatic iconic wildlife such as dolphins.