jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker use during pregnancy: data from the ESC Registry of pregnancy and cardiac disease (ROPAC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are not recommended during the second and third trimester due to the significant risk of congenital anomalies associated with their use. However, data are scarce, especially regarding their use in the first trimester. Our study illustrates the profile of the women who used ACE-Is or ARBs during pregnancy and to evaluate the impact on perinatal outcomes. Methods The Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease (ROPAC) is a prospective, global registry of pregnancies in women with structural heart disease. Outcomes were compared between women who used ACE-Is or ARBs and those who did not. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of ACE-I or ARB use on the occurrence of congenital anomalies. In addition, the perinatal outcomes of patients who stopped ACE-Is and/or ARBs before pregnancy were assessed. Results ACE-I (n=35) and/or ARB (n=8) were used in 42 (0.7%) of the 5739 ROPAC pregnancies. Women who used ACE-Is or ARBs more often came from a low-or-middle-income country (57% vs 40%, p=0.021), had chronic hypertension (31% vs 6%, p&lt;0.001), or a left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;40% (33% vs 4%, p&lt;0.001). No pregnancy terminations due to fetal anomaly were reported. ACE-I use during the first trimester was independently associated with an increased risk of congenital anomaly (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.0-9.3). No adverse fetal or neonatal effects were seen when ACE-I and/or ARB were discontinued prior to pregnancy. Conclusions ACE-Is and ARBs are seldom used during pregnancy and based on our data, ACE-Is should also be avoided in the first trimester due to a higher risk of congenital anomalies. Preconception counseling is crucial to discuss the potential risks of these medications, and to evaluate the clinical condition and, if possible, the woman can be switched to an alternative medication.
Treatment of streptococcal and staphylococcal endocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Treatment of streptococcal and staphylococcal endocarditis Get access EDMOND SMYTH, EDMOND SMYTH Department of Medical Microbiology, St. George's Hospital Medical SchoolCranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LOUISE POMEROY LOUISE POMEROY *Department of Microbiology, Royal Free HospitalPond Street, London NW3 2QG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 19, Issue 5, May 1987, Pages 699–700, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/19.5.699 Published: 01 May 1987 Article history Accepted: 19 June 1986 Published: 01 May 1987
Ca<sub>2</sub>Si Crystal Grown Selectively by the Low Temperature Annealing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The two groups of Ca films were directly and respectively deposited on Si(100) substrates by Radio Frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering system (MS) and subsequent were annealed at 600°C for 5h, 6h, 8h, 10h and 12h in a vacuum furnace. The structural and morphological features of the resultant films are tested by XRD, EDAX and FT-IR. The cubic phase Ca2Si film is grown selectively from Ca-Si system of the existence of multiple silicide phases by an interdiffusion reaction of solid phase between the deposited particles and clusters and substrate constituents. And, the structure of the deposited films, annealing temperature and annealing time are the principal factor for the selective growth.
A Specific Sympathomimetic Ergone in Adrenergic Nerve Fibres (Sympathin) and its Relations to Adrenaline and Nor‐Adrenaline

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Summary. Extracts have been prepared of various kinds of nerves and their content of sympathomimetic activity determined and the actions analyzed. The thoracic and lumbar sympathetic chain and the splenic periarterial nerves were especially suitable for preparation of the active substance and contained some 30–100 μg adrenaline equivalents per g as measured on the blood pressure of the cat. The active substance gives catechol reactions and bears near relations to adrenaline, but differs characteristically from this in the following respects, where a close resemblance to nor‐adrenaline was found: Blood pressure action on the cat after ergotamine or dihydroergotamine (Fig. 2–4). Action on non‐pregnant cat's uterus (Fig. 5 A), pregnant rabbit's uterus (Fig. 6) and the isolated intestine of the cat and rabbit (Fig. 7). Pupil‐dilating action (Fig. 8). Fluorescence test. The active substance occurs in higher amounts in the grey sympathetic rami than in the white rami (Fig. 10). The content is fairly high in sensory nerves of the skin but low in sympathetic ganglia, the vagus and phrenic nerves and various parts of the brain. After degeneration of the main portion of the (post‐ganglionic) periarterial splenic nerves the content of the spleen of the active substance is greatly reduced. The possible physiological significance of the solubility of the active substance in ether in the presence of phospho‐lipids is pointed out. From the experiments it is inferred that the active substance is the physiological transmitter of adrenergic nerve action in mammals and identical with nor‐adrenaline. Extracts of frogs' hearts contain an active substance with the properties of adrenaline. It is suggested that the name sympathin should be used for the ergone demonstrated in adrenergic nerves, exerting the actions of nor‐adrenaline. The relationship of the adrenergic ergone to sympathin E and I is discussed.
Artificial lighting in low energy buildings as unique backup heating system: Results of dynamic simulations based on the climate surface method

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, taking the cue from the existing building "2226" (Lustenau, Austria) energy concept, the Authors point out how, for very low energy buildings, it is possible to maintain the internal temperature in a comfort range by only using the internal gains. In particular, the artificial lighting system, which is adjusted by an automated control system, can be considered as unique backup heating system.
Experimental validation of a Rayleigh backscattering based distributed fibre optical measurement system's thermo-elastic deformation measurement capabilities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural Health monitoring (SHM) is nowadays a quite promising approach to gather real-time information concerning several properties of a structure and of the operational environment surrounding it. Within this discipline, fibre optics are gaining attention due to some very interesting characteristics of these devices. Being lightweight, small, flexible, embeddable, immune to electric and magnetic fields, Fibre Optic Sensors are an appealing solution for continuously assessing structural health conditions in order to prevent costly repair and to possibly avoid failures. Furthermore, in recent times, the possibility of creating a truly distributed sensor using optical fibres is attracting a considerable and increasing attentions from several different industrial fields. This work focused on a Rayleigh backscattering Distributed Fibre Optic Sensor system and on the comparison of it with more commonly used and widespread measuring equipment, as strain gages, thermocouples, photogrammetry and 3D image measurements, in order to properly understand this system's behaviour and to evaluate its accuracy. Tests have been performed to assess both strain and temperature measurement capabilities, with an increasing level of experimental complexity. The Fibre Optic Sensor worked properly and to a considerable level of accuracy was achieved in the defined testing range. It has been found of fundamental importance, in order to obtain accurate results, to properly design and select the adhesive layer bonding the optical fibre to the host structure as well as the additional coating required for temperature measurements. Heat properties of the compound surrounding the fibre have a considerable influence on temperature measurements, while viscoelastic behaviours of the selected adhesive affect the sensor's strain readings.
Psychosocial Issues in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can affect many areas of psychosocial functioning, and comprehensive medical care includes consideration of psychosocial issues as well as disease factors. The purpose of this clinical report is to review research on psychosocial functioning in pediatric IBD and to provide recommendations for care providers in the areas of psychopathology, health‐related quality of life, and social, family, and school functioning. Youth with IBD are at increased risk for difficulty in all areas reviewed, and many psychosocial factors are associated with disease activity, which highlights the importance of monitoring psychosocial functioning as part of clinical care. Several interventions have empirical support or show promise for addressing psychosocial difficulty, and recommendations for monitoring and treating these issues are provided.
PEMODELAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN BERKOMPUTER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN KINERJA UMKM MANUFAKTUR

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The usefulness of management accounting system (MAS) would be enjoyed if SME owners take the initiative to use MAS. This research suggests that the perived of easy, perceived of usefulness, and user attitudes will affect owners/management’s behavior intention to use a computerized-based MAS. If the behavior intention to use is high, then the intrinsic motivation of users is expected increase also. Increasing intrinsic motivation of SME owners are expected to improve their performance. The sample was manufacturing SMEs in Surabaya and surrounding areas. The result of regression analysis conclude about MAS that: (a) Intrinsic motivation shows significantly positive effect on the SMEs performance, both managerial or financial performance, (b) behavior intention to use MAS do not significantly influence the motivation, (c) the usefulness and ease of use do not significantly influence the behavior intention to use MAS, and (d) users’ attitude significantly influence the behavior intention to use MAS. Further analysis of variance testing found evidence of: (1) there is a difference in perception between the groups using the manual MAS and the group using computerized-based MAS. This finding affirms the benefits of computerized-based MAS through higher means on all of variables; and (2) if the users perceive that the use of computerized-based MAS is much easier, then the performance will be significantly different.
Spray deposit cover and fungicide distribution obtained by low and ultralow volume spraying of intensive apple trees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Spray deposit assessments were made on the leaf surfaces in the top, middle and base zones of intensively grown dessert apple trees sprayed by a conventional high volume automatic mast method applying 2250 litres/ha, an experimental low and ulfralow volume tractor mist blower, applying 225 litres/ha at normal dilution, 45 litres/ha at five times normal concentration or 22.5 litres/ha at ten times normal concentration, and a modified proprietary hand‐directed fan‐disc sprayer applying 225 or 22.5 litres/ha. Fluorescent tracer assessments showed that the high volume method gave heavy cover on upper and lower surfaces of the leaves in all zones, the tractor mist method gave lighter but uniform cover and the fan‐disc sprayer gave sparse cover on the upper surfaces at the top and on the lower surfaces at the base zone. The hand‐directed low and ultralow volume methods, applying one‐tenth of the amounts of copper fungicide/ha, gave deposit levels 5–30 % of those of the high volume method and the tractor mist applications gave 0.8–5.2%. The corresponding captan deposits from 5–6 applications were 12–50% and 10–20%: residual deposits from the ultralow volume applications of the concentrated captan were greater than the low volume applications of the same quantities in dilute form. In general, the order of pest and disease control obtained by the three methods was high volume automatic, fan‐disc and experimental mist, and this was related to the order of deposit levels: the order of control by the three volume rates was 2250, 225 and 22.5 litres/ha, and this could be related to the degree of spray cover.
Coorientational Accuracy and Organizational Conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between coorientational accuracy and two dimensions of conflict (tactic selection and interaction satisfaction) was investigated in an experimental study of 80 employees from a large corporation. The employees were placed in dyads in one of two settings, low or high coorientational accuracy (CA), and were videotaped while discussing a topic of personal and organizational relevance. In the high-CA setting, the employees were more likely to be satisfied with the process of discussion and with the decision outcome. Although employees in both groups selected reason as their primary conflict tactic, those in the high-CA setting chose friendliness and bargaining more frequently, while those in the low-CA setting chose assertiveness more frequently.
Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24): Preliminary Evidence of Psychometric Validity of the Brazilian Version

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The PCQ-24 is the main international measure for assessing psychological capital (PsyCap) in organizational contexts. In order to evaluate its adaptation to the Brazilian context, this study aimed to verify preliminary evidences of its psychometric validity. Data collection was conducted online with 749 employees from all regions of Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the quality of fit of the second-order factor structure of PCQ-24. The fit indicators were satisfactory (χ2= 742.10, χ2/df= 4.01, p< .001, SRMR= .05, CFI= .91, GFI= .90, TLI= .90, RMSEA= .06). Cronbach’s alpha was .92 and the composite reliability coefficient was .95; in addition, a multigroup confirmatory factorial analysis, comparing male and female participants, demonstrated that the scale is adequate for both groups. These results indicate, in a preliminary way, the validity of PCQ-24 as a measure of psychological capital in the Brazilian labor context.
A simple measurement method of molecular relaxation in a gas by reconstructing acoustic velocity dispersion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, a decomposition method of acoustic relaxation absorption spectra was used to capture the entire molecular multimode relaxation process of gas. In this method, the acoustic attenuation and phase velocity were measured jointly based on the relaxation absorption spectra. However, fast and accurate measurements of the acoustic attenuation remain challenging. In this paper, we present a method of capturing the molecular relaxation process by only measuring acoustic velocity, without the necessity of obtaining acoustic absorption. The method is based on the fact that the frequency-dependent velocity dispersion of a multi-relaxation process in a gas is the serial connection of the dispersions of interior single-relaxation processes. Thus, one can capture the relaxation times and relaxation strengths of N decomposed single-relaxation dispersions to reconstruct the entire multi-relaxation dispersion using the measurements of acoustic velocity at 2N + 1 frequencies. The reconstructed dispersion spectra are in good agreement with experimental data for various gases and mixtures. The simulations also demonstrate the robustness of our reconstructive method.
Comparative study on grey matter structure MRI between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb-onset and bulbar-onset

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To compare the differences between the gray matter structures of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with limb-onset and bulbar-onset. Methods A total of 35 ALS patients with normal cognitive function were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital ALS Registry Platform from September 2013 to March 2018, and 20 healthy controls with matched age and education were included in the study. ALS patients were divided into limb-onset group (ALS-L group, n = 20) and bulbar-onset group (ALS-B group, n = 15) according to their clinical onset sites. Three-dimensional T1-fast spoiled gradient-recalled (3D-T1-FSPGR) of all subjects was collected. Gray matter volume of each group were compared using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Within the compound region of interest (ROI) consisting of bilateral primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, the atrophy patterns of the motor cortex were compared between ALS-L group and ALS-B group. Results Compared with the control group, the ALS-L group had decreased gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus-temporal pole (t = 3.932, uncorrected P < 0.001), left middle temporal gyrus (t = 3.836, uncorrected P < 0.001), right insula (t = 3.992, uncorrected P < 0.001). Compared with the ALS-B group, the ALS-L group had decreased gray matter volume in the right superior frontal gyrus (t = -3.158, uncorrected P < 0.001), left cingulate gyrus (t = -3.002, uncorrected P < 0.001). In the analysis of the motor cortex as ROI, the gray matter volume of the segments representing hand (t = 2.237, uncorrected P < 0.001) and lower limb (t = 2.728, uncorrected P < 0.001) of the left motor cortex in the ALS-L group was reduced significantly than that of ALS-B group. Conclusions ALS-L has more significant gray matter atrophy than ALS-B, and the local atrophy pattern of motor cortex in ALS patients corresponds to its functional disability.
Nerve growth factor rapidly induces c-fos mRNA in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated increase in c-fos gene expression in the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line has been investigated. NGF treatment of PC12 cells results in an increased level of c-fos mRNA within 15 min. An approximately 100-fold increase in the level of c-fos mRNA occurs 30-45 min after exposure to NGF and the c-fos mRNA concentration returns to its basal level 2 hr after NGF treatment. Thus, the half-life of this RNA transcript is extremely short. In the presence of cycloheximide, the c-fos gene is superinduced and the increased level of c-fos mRNA persists for at least 24 hr. The induction of c-fos gene expression was further studied by utilizing a monoclonal antibody (mAb-192) that is directed against the NGF receptor but does not compete with NGF for binding to the receptor. Treatment of the cells with mAb-192 inhibits the NGF-stimulated elevation of c-fos mRNA, suggesting that the antibody may interfere with the receptor's ability to generate the signal required to stimulate the transcription of this gene. NGF is not the only agent capable of inducing c-fos gene expression in these cells; epidermal growth factor, the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and the calcium ionophore A23187, agents that induce the c-fos gene in other cell lines, are also effective in PC12 cells. The mRNA for the nuclear protein fos is rapidly induced by NGF and other agents to which PC12 cells respond. This supports the hypothesis that the fos gene product may play a role in signal transduction.
Unlabeled Corpora using Word Embeddings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Researchers frequently need to extract information, such as events or target topics, from large corpora. One common solution involves applying semantically-related keywords to identify tweets, news articles, or other documents of interest. However, it is rarely the case that dictionaries of relevance to the topic, event, or language both exist and are accessible. Existing algorithms for extracting dictionaries, require many user-provided seed words or hand-coded documents to generate useful results. Additionally, they do not incorporate contextual information from natural language. In this paper, I present a novel algorithm, conclust, that extracts keywords from unlabeled text using a small number of user-provided seed words and a fitted word embeddings model. Compared to existing methods of lexicon extraction, conclust requires few seed words, is computationally efficient, and takes word context into account. I describe this algorithm's properties and benchmark its performance with existing methods of lexical dictionary extraction, comparing differences in user labor, conceptual clarity, and the ability to replicate existing keyword dictionaries.
Investigations of the Unique Role of Alanines in the 'Elastin Puzzle' by Solid-State Nmr Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Elastin is the main protein component of the elastic fiber that provides extensibility and resilience to vertebrate tissues. Despite its importance to tissue functionality, elastin’s high-resolution molecular structure remains elusive. Structural determination using solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction is not applicable to this polymer, due to its insolubility and non-crystallinity. Elastin is the mature crosslinked aggregates of tropoelastin, a ~70 kDa soluble monomeric protein consisting of alternating hydrophobic and crosslinking domains. Tropoelastin’s crosslinking domains are characterized by two or three lysines in alanine-rich sequences, such as AAAAKAAKAA and AAAKAAAKAA; the hydrophobic regions are identified by tandem repeats of nonpolar amino acids such as PGVGVA. The abundance of alanines in the two domain types provides an opportunity to probe structural and dynamical microenvironments throughout the polymer. Hence, the characterization of alanines in this protein serves as a significant step to solving the “elastin puzzle”. New insights into the structure and dynamics of elastin are provided by solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Elastin samples with high levels of isotopic enrichment (~80%) at the alanines were expressed by neonatal rat smooth muscle cells (NRSMC) culture. The results of one- and two-dimensional ssNMR experiments indicate a heterogeneity of conformation and dynamics of alanines in this crosslinked polymer, elastin. Variable-temperature ssNMR and MD studies suggest a conformational equilibrium between α-helix and random coil populations in the crosslinking domains. The application of helix-coil transition theory to the interpretation of ssNMR lineshapes provides new insights to understanding elastin’s molecular structure. The Ala-rich crosslinking domains undergo rapid helix-coil interconversions, whereas the hydrophobic domains are characterized by random coil, which exhibits fast large-amplitude motions. Based on these results, an updated model is proposed to describe elastin’s molecular organization, reflecting the dynamic characteristics of this protein.