jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cu gettering in ion implanted and annealed silicon in regions before and beyond the mean projected ion range

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The strong gettering of Cu atoms in single-crystal Si implanted with 3.5 MeV P+ ions is studied after thermal treatment and Cu contamination. Cu decorates the remaining implantation damage. Three separate Cu gettering layers are detected by secondary ion mass spectrometry: at the main projected ion range RP below RP (RP/2 effect) and beyond RP (trans-RP effect). The defects acting as gettering centers at RP/2 and RP are implantation induced excess vacancies and excess interstitials, respectively. Cu profiles fit very well with depth distributions of excess vacancies and excess interstitials determined by binary collision simulations for random and channeled ion incidence. The RP/2 effect for P+ implantation is found to be significantly reduced in comparison with Si+ implantation. It disappears completely for higher P+ ion fluences. The trans-RP gettering layer is formed by thermal treatment. The Cu accumulation in the trans-RP region increases with increasing temperature and/or with increasing annealing time. These results are in qualitative agreement with the assumption that interstitials carried by P diffusion are the origin of Cu gettering in the trans-RP region. The P diffusion may inject interstitials into the bulk and also into the RP/2 region thus decreasing the RP/2 effect.
Sulfonic Acid Group Functionalized Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Water: Structure Activity Relationships

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Catalytic activities of eight sulfonic acid group functionalized ionic liquids in water were compared for the hydrolysis of Sigmacell cellulose (DP ~ 450) in the 150-180°C temperature range by measuring total reducing sugar (TRS) and glucose produced. The catalytic activity of acidic ionic liquids with different cation types decreases in the order imidazolium > pyridinium > triethanol ammonium cation. Among the sulfonic acid group functionalized imidazolium ionic liquids, the catalysts which contain a single imidazolium ion and a flexible linker between sulfonic acid group and the imidazolium ionic liquid core structure are the most active catalysts.
Islamic Ethics in Nursing: A Scoping Review of Clinical Fiqh Principles and Practice.

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Clinical Fiqh, an application of Islamic jurisprudence in healthcare, is essential in guiding nursing practice, particularly in ensuring ethical decision-making and holistic patient care. Despite its importance, there is limited research assessing nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Clinical Fiqh principles. Objective: This scoping review examines existing literature on the integration of Clinical Fiqh principles in nursing education and practice. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and SpringerLink databases. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, selecting studies published between 2015 and 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on articles discussing Clinical Fiqh in nursing education and students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to Islamic jurisprudence in healthcare. Studies not available in full text or unrelated to the research objectives were excluded. Results: Seventeen articles were identified for analysis, revealing key themes aligned with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) framework, offering insights into students’ understanding of Clinical Fiqh principles, their perceived importance, and application challenges in clinical settings. Findings indicate that while nursing students recognise the importance of Clinical Fiqh principles, gaps remain in their formal education, affecting their ability to apply them in clinical settings. Structured educational interventions, experiential learning, and competency-based assessments were suggested to enhance integration into nursing curricula. Conclusion: This review highlights the need for a structured approach to incorporating Clinical Fiqh into nursing education, ensuring culturally competent and ethically sound care. Future research should focus on developing standardised curricula, assessing the impact of Clinical Fiqh education on clinical competencies, and bridging the knowledge-practice gaps.
Termination of copulation and associated behaviour in Culicoides melleus (Coq.) (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The nature and age dependence of behaviour of Culicoides melleus (Coq.) during and immediately after separation from copulation has been examined. Differences in the timing of events during separation, and consequent retention of the spermatophore, were ascribed to interplay of three factors: (i) the existence of age-dependent physiological mechanisms in both male and female that ‘time’ the course of copulation, (ii) female kicking behaviour which acts as a stimulus causing the male to release his claspers, and (iii) after clasper release, the separatory kicking performance of the female and simultaneous attempts by the male to free the spermatophore's capsule lodged in his genitalia. Post-separatory behaviour of both male and female was age-dependent, but only that of the male was influenced by the presence of the spermatophore. A retained spermatophore caused abdominal grooming to be initiated significantly more frequently as the first action after separation, and to occupy the insect for a substantially larger proportion of its time for the first two minutes after separation. In insects of both sexes, abdominal grooming was the dominant activity after separation giving way to grooming of other bodily parts and locomotory activity. Both young and old males and old females removed a retained spermatophore usually within 40 s of separation. Only very young females performed poorly in this respect, with spermatophores kept usually for at least several minutes and, in some instances, several hours.
TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF L-FUZZY UNIFORM SPACES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we define L-neighborhood spaces and investigated the topological properties of L-fuzzy uniformity in complete residuated lattices.We obtain L-fuzzy topology and L-neighborhood spaces induced by Lfuzzy uniformity.Moreover, we study the relations among L-fuzzy topology, L-neighborhood system and L-fuzzy uniformity.
[10 YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN USING DIRECT URETEROINTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS IN URINARY INTESTINAL DIVERSION AFTER RADICAL AND SIMPLE CYSTECTOMY].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

147 patients who underwent urinary intestinal diversion from 2004 to 2014 were selected for the retrospective study. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of rates of complications that arise from the direct ureterointestinal anastomosis. The mean age of patients was 54.2 ± 3.0 (36-69) years. 60 (40.81%) patients of group 1 underwent Nesbit's direct ureterointestinal anastomosis, while in 87 (59.19%) patients of group 2 Wallace-1 and Wallace-2 anastomoses were performed. Average follow-up was 5.6 (2-10) years. Strictures of ureterointestinal anastomosis were detected in 2 (3.38%) patients of group 1 and in 1 (1.14%) patient of group 2. In all cases re-anastomosis was performed. The maximum postoperative concentration of serum creatinine in both groups was 231 mmol/l. According to radioisotope kidney scan, no differences in accumulative and excretory renal functions between two groups of patients were recorded. No kidney stone formation in both groups of patients during the follow-up period was observed. No ureteral reflux above grade 3 was noted. The clinical manifestation of reflux pyelonephritis was observed in 3.5% of the patients. Acute pyelonephritis was cured by antibacterial therapy.
Penerapan Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam terhadap Intensitas Nyeri dengan Asuhan Keperawatan Post Op Apendiktomi di Ruangan Bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Palembang Bari

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background : Appendectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the appendix which is done as soon as possible to reduce the risk of perforation. Nursing problems that arise after appendectomy is acute pain. Objectives: Gaining real experience and knowledge and being able to document the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques is an appropriate non-pharmacological action in reducing pain scale. Method: this type of scientific paper uses a descriptive method with a descriptive case study approach with a case study approach to explore the problem of nursing care carried out on two patients carried out on June 15 - 20 2021. Results: from the results of nursing care to Mrs "S" and Mr "M" with a nursing diagnosis in the first patient, namely acute pain related to physical injury agents (eg abscess, amputation, burns, cuts, heavy lifting, surgical procedures, trauma, excessive physical exercise), impaired sense of comfort related to symptoms of the disease ( pain), impaired physical mobility related to decreased muscle strength (pain), and the second patient's diagnosis was acute pain related to physical injuring agents (eg abscess, amputation, burns, cuts, heavy lifting, surgical procedures, trauma, excessive physical exercise), discomfort related to symptoms of disease (pain), anxiety related to situational crises, lack of exposure to information, impaired physical mobility associated with decreased muscle strength (pain). The interventions in both patients were: identification of location, characteristics, duration, frequency, quality and intensity of pain, identification of pain scale, identification of non-verbal pain responses. The evaluation of the first patient had a pain intensity scale of 6 (moderate), and the second patient a pain scale of 7 (severe). The results of the study in the Surgery Room of the Palembang Bari Regional General Hospital after the deep breathing relaxation technique was carried out in the first patient on a pain scale of 6 (moderate) to 3 (mild), and the second patient pain scale of 7 (severe) to 4 (moderate). Conclusion: Progress notes to both patients on the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques to reduce pain intensity. The results of the nursing evaluation of the problem were partially resolved.
An Analysis of the Behavior of Malaysian Consumers for Expanding the Export of Food and Agricultural Products

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose - This paper aims to examines the various factors influencing the purchase decisions of Malaysian consumers for halal food and based on this analysis, to present some measures by which Korea’s food industry could expand exports to the Malaysian market. Design/methodology - This research used SPSS 12.0 for descriptive analysis, ANOVA, t-tests, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and reliability analysis based on a total of 571 responses were included as the final data in the 600 surveys administered. Findings - Malaysian consumers had high trust and confidence in products that had obtained halal certifications. This reflects the cultural situation where 61% of the Malaysian population consist of Muslims. In terms of the consumption of Korean foods, items such as ramyeon, confectionery, and kimchi were found to enjoy high awareness and strong preference among local consumers, thus suggesting their competitiveness. Originality/value - This paper attempts to examine consumer characteristics - an aspect that had received insufficient treatment in previous studies on halal certifications in Muslim countries. This study found the purchase practices and influencing factors behind Malaysian consumers’ purchases of imported foods and Korean foods. Therefore, it is expected that this result can give Korean food industry an insights and strategies for exporting Korean food to Malaysia.
Business and Accounting Ethics in Islam

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present book represents the first serious attempt to explore Islamicbusiness and accounting ethics. After placing their subject in a broad Islamicframework, which they have documented quite ably, they then compare thedistinctive features of Islamic business and accounting principles with Westerntheory and practice. While the book has several strong points and breaks newground in a number of areas, it also lacks clarity and specific authority fromIslamic sources on quite a few points.To begin with, the authors argue quite convincingly that the logical corollaryof prohibiting riba (interest) is the negation of any time value for money.Thus the theory and practice of capital budgeting, which feature in the use discountedcash flow techniques in the West, become redundant. This point,seemingly so obvious to economists, has not found favor with the economicthinking of the Islamic establishment. Rather, many Muslim economists andaccountants have been busy justifying it on one pretext or another. This is thefitst time that somebody has come out with a compelling discussion of this question.The authos have also argued that Islam absolutely forbids the nonrepaymentof a debt. Thus the concept of limited liability, one of mainsprings ofeconomic power in a capitalist society, is not recognized by Islam. However,the related theory of incorporation, the legal mechanism for justifying limitedliability, is found in Islamic societies. Again, such an obvious and sensiblepoint remains unacceptable to Muslim economists. They continue looking forexcuses to accept these ideas, thereby betraying their intellectual poverty.Although the authors do not devote a single chapter to the state’s economicrole in Islam, they discuss this question throughout the book Theyargue for a strong regulatory and framework role for the Islamic state.Gambling and Abdel Karim deal with several other important issues. Forinstance, they argue that the Islamic concept of economic development revolvesaround the development of human resources rather than capital formation,as is the main focus of the popular theory of development in the West.In their discussion of the Islamic concept of shura (consultation) and khilafa(vice-gerency), they also bteak new ground. They opine that these conceptsquestion ...
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL(3D) ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR FETAL CLEFT OF LIP AND PALATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of Three-dimensional(3D) ultrasonography for fetal cleft of lip and palate.Methods From January,2008 to September 2010,18 cases of fetal face part with the characteristics cleft of lip and palate were checked by the two-dimensional,the three dimensional and the real-time three dimensional ultrasound instruments and compare the ultrasound diagnosis with the post-natal diagnosis to evaluate coincidence rate.Results With ultrasonography 8 cases fetal cleft lip have been diagnosed with the coincidence rate of 100%;9 cases of cleft palate with the coincidence rate of 90%;total 17 cases with the coincidence rate of 94.4%.Conclusion Two-dimensional ultrasonic is the basis of three dimensional ultrasonic imaging,but the three dimensional ultrasonic imaging is more direct-viewing,three-dimensional,lifelike,surpasses obviously two-dimensional ultrasonic,may obviously improve the diagnostic rate of the fetal cleft of lip and palate.
Comparative Transitional Justice: Germany after 1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transitional Justice (TJ) is a multi-disciplinary research field. Yet, the first generation of research largely remained descriptive, practically oriented and focused on single case studies. In order to move the agenda forward, future research needs to become (1) more theory-guided and needs to move towards (2) more empirical comparisons of countries or mechanisms in order to arrive at more generalizable findings as regards the explanation of the effectiveness of the diverse mechanisms to coming to terms with past misdeeds. Although only covering a single country (post-war Germany), the paper contributes to this endeavor by providing an empirical comparison of the four TJ-mechanisms that were applied in the case of Germany’s atonement for the Holocaust: (1) the Nuremberg war crimes tribunal (1946), (2) the state apology delivered by Adenauer in the Bundestag (1951), the reparation payments (1953: Luxemburg Agreement; 2000: Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future) as well as the amnesty laws (1952). The question is: To what extent has the mix of retributive and restorative mechanisms contributed to reconciliation? The analysis of the crosscase (mechanisms) and within-case variance (change over time) starts with a theoretical taxonomy of the mechanisms as regards its purpose or aim (retribution, restoration). The central argument of the paper is that the “amount” of reconciliation (or the success of each mechanisms) differs as regards the understanding of reconciliation, i.e. whether the target of these measures were (a) the victims (here: Israel/Jewry), (b) third states/international opinion (e.g. the US) or (c) the reconciliation of the German people with themselves.
S2640 Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis or Overlap? A Case Beyond the Single Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis-Primary biliary cholangitis (AIH-PBC) overlap syndrome is supported by serologic and/or histologic features. The Paris criteria have been developed for the diagnosis of AIH-PBC overlap syndrome. There is no consensus regarding the role of imaging thus serologic and histologic findings are necessary and lack of a definitive diagnosis may delay treatment. We present a case of AIH-PBC overlap syndrome confirmed by liver biopsy, initially with incongruent findings on MRI and elastography. Case Description/Methods: A 53-year-old woman presented for evaluation of elevated liver tests. Medical history included atrial fibrillation and current medications were Eliquis and metoprolol. The patient did not report alcohol use or other hepatotoxins. Physical exam was unremarkable for jaundice, icterus, or abdominal pain. Laboratory studies revealed ALT/AST/ALP/GGT of 162/128/379/270, respectively. Bilirubin and INR were normal. Given the uncertain etiology, further workup was obtained. Hepatitis serologies showed HAV and HBV non-immunity with Twinrix vaccination underway and a negative HCV antibody. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were elevated in a 1:1280 nuclear membrane pattern, suggestive of PBC. IgG was elevated to 1978 mg/dL, suggestive of AIH. Additional laboratory workup was noncontributory. MRI displayed mild hepatomegaly, a 9.2% hepatic fat fraction, hemangioma, and a lesion suggestive of focal nodular hyperplasia. Vasculature was patent and there were no findings of portal hypertension. Elastography revealed a controlled attenuation parameter score of 308 dB/m and stiffness of 17 kiloPascal, consistent with advanced fibrosis. Due to this incongruence between imaging and elastography, and elevated ANA and IgG levels liver biopsy was obtained. Biopsy was consistent with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome. Treatment focused on the predominant pattern of PBC and ursodiol 13-15 mg/kg/daily was initiated. Discussion: Accurate and timely diagnosis of AIH-PBC overlap syndrome is crucial in preventing disease progression. Diagnosis is based on autoimmune markers and elevated liver tests, with liver biopsy as the gold standard. Although both MRI and elastography may have a role for non-invasive evaluation, our case displays the need for laboratory evaluation and biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. If laboratory and imaging evaluations are non-unifying, biopsy should not be delayed to facilitate accurate and early management of the disease.Figure 1.: A. Liver biopsy with H&E stain demonstrating mild to moderate lymphoplasmacellular inflammation in portal tracts with damaged bile ducts (florid duct lesions), focal ductular reaction, and bile duct loss, suggestive of PBC. B. Trichrome stain demonstrating dense periportal and sinusoidal fibrosis with non-bridging fibrous septa, suggestive of AIH.Table 1.: Paris criteria for AIH-PBC overlap syndrome diagnosis.
Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of measles–rubella combined vaccine in school‐entry‐aged subjects with naturally acquired measles immunity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The reintroduction of measles–rubella combined ( MR ) vaccination to J apan raised concerns about adverse events as well as immunogenicity related to booster immunization in subjects with naturally acquired immunity to measles or rubella. Methods The time course of reactogenicity and antibody responses in recipients with pre‐existing immunity to measles through natural infection was observed. Eighteen children aged 80–104 months received MR booster vaccination; 16 of them had had previous rubella vaccination. Results There were virtually no clinical reactions related to booster vaccination, and a highly significant antibody response to rubella antigen, whereas the antibody rise to measles was statistically significant but poor. Conclusions Vaccination of individuals already immune is not harmful. Booster immunization to rubella for Japanese children is vitally important.
Introduction of an approach to disaster mitigation using crisis-adaptive information sharing platform and technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that a lack of information sharing led to the enlargement of earthquake damage in the Hyogo-ken Nambu earthquake of 1995 [1].The Niigata-ken Chuetsu (the central Niigata prefecture) earthquake of October 23, 2004 and the Niigata and Fukushima heavy rainfall of October 2004, however, demonstrated that the lessons from past disasters had not been learnt, although the spread of the internet helped both collection and transmission of disaster information in various fields.For the purpose of mitigating damages due to disasters, research on disaster mitigation using crisis-adaptive information sharing technology was commenced in 2004, as a joint project of 12 different organizations consisting of a government office and a government agency, national research institutes, universities, and private companies.The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) is in charge of leading the project, the development of disaster mitigating information sharing (DMIS) system, which plays an important role in the DMIS platform, and the investigation into information sharing in actual disaster mitigation activities conducted in local governments.This paper introduces the outline of the project first, including the concept of the DMIS platform, which will be developed.Then, a few approaches conducted in the project last year by NIED are stated, including recent events of disaster in Japan.