jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Japanese attitudes towards insight in schizophrenia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 11 discusses Japanese attitudes towards insight in schizophrenia, and how Japanese psychopathological discussion of insight in schizophrenia has struggled to overcome the strict definition made by Jaspers, which had become so influential it almost dominated the psychopathological background of Japanese psychiatry. It also discusses how the notion of insight in Jaspers’ sense has been accepted, criticized and challenged by Japanese psychopathologists.
Single molecule biophysics of viral genome translocation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Viruses are the most abundant form of life on Earth. They cause serious disease, significant suffering, and economic losses, but viruses are also important to the general balance of the ecosystem. Understanding the details of the viral lifecycle is therefore essential from the point of view of basic research. This thesis work expands the basis formed by traditional microbiology. Single molecule biophysics techniques open a unique perspective into the inner workings of viruses. The physics point of view provides a quantitative, predictive, and descriptive mathematical basis to help one understand the basic processes of life. Furthermore, single molecule methods reveal heterogeneity and process variability which are unresolvable in bulk studies. \n\nThis thesis work employs single molecule biophysical experiments to study two aspects of the viral lifecycle: genome packaging and ejection. \n\nDNA ejection is a method of infection employed by many double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages. Their viral genome is packaged under high pressure within a small volume comparable in linear dimension to the persistence length of dsDNA. Viruses infecting archaea are a new and emerging field of study, which benefits from the single-molecule perspective. This thesis presents the first single molecule study of dsDNA ejection from an Archaeal virus His1, which has a dsDNA genome packaged in a lemon-shaped capsid. Osmotic suppression experiments are carried out and results are compared to those of established dsDNA phages. Results obtained with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy indicate that DNA ejection from His1 is modulated by external salt concentration and osmotic pressure as is common to many bacteriophages. These findings qualitatively agree with the predictions given by the continuum theory of dsDNA packaging. In contrast to DNA ejection, genome packaging is essential to the assembly of virus particles. Here the focus is on Pseudomonas phage phi6 which has a three-part dsRNA genome, of which only positive sense ssRNA-segments are packaged into the preformed procapsid. This thesis presents the first optical tweezers experiment of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) packaging by phi6. The results show that packaging alternates between fast and slow sections suggesting that the secondary structure of the ssRNA segment is opened as the RNA is packaged. \n\nSingle molecule-level results obtained using the two model systems reveal previously unseen heterogeneity in the ejection and packaging processes. Such results cannot be obtained by bulk methods alone.
National Standards for Safer Better Maternity Services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

HIQA launched the National Standards for Safer Better Healthcare in June 2012. \nThese National Standards describe a vision for safe, high-quality healthcare. While \nthe National Standards cover all healthcare settings, a need was identified to \ndevelop service-specific standards for maternity services in Ireland. HIQA raised \nsignificant concerns about inconsistencies in the safety and quality of maternity \nservices and recommended that all women should have appropriate access \nto the right level of maternity care at any given time. HIQA’s 2015 Portlaoise \ninvestigation report± and its 2013 Galway investigation report† \n both identified the \nneed for a national maternity services strategy to be agreed and implemented. \nA need was also identified for this strategy to be supported by nationally \nmandated maternity standards. \nIreland’s first National Maternity Strategy (Creating a Better Future Together) \nwas launched by the Minister for Health in January 2016. The National Standards \nthat support the implementation of the National Maternity Strategy are set out \nin this document. The Standards will sit within the overarching framework of \nthe National Standards for Safer Better Healthcare with the aim of promoting \nimprovements in conjunction with the new National Maternity Strategy. \nThe National Maternity Strategy and the National Standards, when implemented, \nrepresent necessary building blocks to providing a consistently safe, high-quality \nmaternity service, which will in turn work towards restoring public confidence in \nthe service.
Structural Analysis and Design of the H-typed Railway Tie

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

고속화가 이루어지면서 철도수송의 안전성에 대한 요구가 한국의 기존선에도 더욱 증가하고 있다. 또한 더욱 무거운 축중을 가진 화물열차의 주행이 기존선에 요구되고 있다. 이와 같은 요구를 해결하기 위하여 레일의 중량화와 장대화가 기존선에서 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 자갈도상궤도에서 궤도강성에 절대적으로 영향을 미치는 자갈도상용 철도침목에 관한 연구는 큰 진전이 없었다. 본 연구에서는 궤도강성을 증대시키고, 궤도틀림을 저감시킬 수 있도록 새로운 H형 침목을 개발하였다. 또한 FE 프로그램을 이용한 구조해석을 통해 새로운 H형 침목의 설계도를 제안한다. With speed up of railway, the demand for safety of the railroad transportation is on the increase in Korea's conventional railways. In additions, freight trains with heavier axle load are required to run conventional railways. In order to solve these requirements, the increase of rail weight and the application of long rail system have been underway in conventional railways. However, the research on ties that is absolutely influencing the track stiffness in ballasted tracks has not been much progress. In this paper, the new H-typed tie is developed to increase the track stiffness and reduce the track irregularity. And from the structural analysis by FE program, the intial design drawing of the new H-typed tie is proposed.
An assessment of the risk significance of human errors in selected PSAs and operating events

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sensitivity studies based on Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSAs) for a pressurized water reactor and a boiling water reactor are described. In each case human errors modeled in the PSAs were categorized according to such factors as error type, location, timing, and plant personnel involved. Sensitivity studies were then conducted by varying the error rates in each category and evaluating the corresponding change in total core damage frequency and accident sequence frequency. Insights obtained are discussed and reasons for differences in risk sensitivity between plants are explored. A separate investigation into the role of human error in risk-important operating events is also described. This investigation involved the analysis of data from the USNRC Accident Sequence Precursor program to determine the effect of operator-initiated events on accident precursor trends, and to determine whether improved training can be correlated to current trends. The findings of this study are also presented. 5 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.
Methane gas concentration in soils and ground water, Carbon and Emery Counties, Utah, 1995-2003

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The release of methane gas from coal beds creates the potential for it to move into near-surface environments through natural and human-made pathways. To help ensure the safety of communities and determine the potential effects of development of coal-bed resources, methane gas concentrations in soils and ground water in Carbon and Emery Counties, Utah, were monitored from 1995 to 2003. A total of 420 samples were collected, which contained an average methane concentration of 2,740 parts per million by volume (ppmv) and a median concentration of less than 10 ppmv. On the basis of spatial and temporal methane concentration data collected during the monitoring period, there does not appear to be an obvious, widespread, or consistent migration of methane gas to the near-surface environment.
Permanent Deformation of Subgrade Soils in Flexible Pavement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A practical method for calculating permanent deformation of subgrade soils in flexible pavements is proposed. Based on the general principle that stress analysis and strain calculation are not integrated through the rigorous constitutive matrix in the design and analysis of flexible pavements, a permanent deformation model is used in the investigation, and the steps to calculate the permanent deformation are given, with a calculation example demonstrated. Meanwhile, the influence of permanent deformation on the two major pavement distresses is also explored. The general concept proposed in the paper is also helpful to the better understanding of the design theory of highway flexible pavements and railroad tracks.
Performance assessment model for bank client's services and business development process: a constructivist proposal

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The banking sector has been characterised by ongoing evolution in service rendering, driven by advances in technology, changes in client profiles, and susceptibility to political and economic issues. This article describes the development stages of a decision-aid system to manage the customer relations and business development process with bank clients, using the perceptions of both managers and clients. The investigation was conducted through a case study, using the constructivist MCDA. The elaborated model allowed for the structured identification and evaluation of 99 descriptors. Through use of the model, managers gained focus and confidence, customers reacted with gratitude and loyalty, and stakeholders realised the importance of the approach as they had a clear understanding of the goals.
Effect of RhOx/CeO2 Calcination on Metal-Support Interaction and Catalytic Activity for N2O Decomposition

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect of the calcination conditions on the catalytic activity for N2O decomposition of 2.5% RhOx/CeO2 catalysts has been investigated. Ramp and flash calcinations have been studied (starting calcinations at 25 or 250/350 °C, respectively) both for cerium nitrate and ceria-impregnated rhodium nitrate decomposition. The cerium nitrate calcination ramp has neither an effect on the physico-chemical properties of ceria, observed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and N2 adsorption, nor an effect on the catalysts performance for N2O decomposition. On the contrary, flash calcination of rhodium nitrate improved the catalytic activity for N2O decomposition. This is attributed to the smaller size of RhOx nanoparticles obtained (smaller than 1 nm) which allow a higher rhodium oxide-ceria interface, favoring the reducibility of the ceria surface and stabilizing the RhOx species under reaction conditions.
Mastocytosis in children. Clinical features are more useful than laboratory examinations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Starting from the analysis of a clinical case of infantile mastocytosis followed for 18 years, the role of the history is emphasized both from the diagnostic and clinical monitoring point of view. The history is so significant that in most cases it is not necessary to perform a histological examination and sometimes even to evoke Darier’s sign to be sure of the diagnosis. And to monitor the clinical course of mastocytosis, which in the child is almost always characterized by spontaneous regression, it is sufficient for the mother to record the episodes of flushing, blisters, and wheals: their rarefaction with time attests to the regression of the disease. Systemic mastocytosis in the child is practically non-existent, so the dosage of serum tryptase is of little importance.
Transient Anisocoria after Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . To report a case with transient anisocoria after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). Methods . Case report. Results . A 24-year-old male underwent corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in his right eye for keratoconus. At the end of the procedure, the pupil of the treated eye was irregular and dilated, while the pupil of the fellow eye was round, regular, and reactive (anisocoria). The following day, pupils were round, regular, and reactive in both eyes. Conclusion . Anisocoria may be a transient and innocuous complication after CXL. A possible cause for this complication might be the anesthetic drops used before and during the surgical procedure or/and the ultraviolet A irradiation during the treatment.
LHD CHD_UR_01 #176029.3 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2-O port camera, where ROI is (1184,72) - (1236,148) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Co-Designing the “Peer to Community (P2C) Model”: An Intervention for Promoting Community Integration Following Homelessness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Community integration is an important outcome for homelessness prevention that has been challenging to effectively target using existing approaches. We conducted this study to design an intervention aimed at improving community integration following homelessness to fill this gap in existing research and practice. Method: We conducted a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study to identify what is needed to thrive following homelessness in one large and one mid-sized urban centre in Ontario, Canada. This CBPR study involved a collaboration among persons with lived experiences of homelessness, service providers, organizational leaders, and researchers. It comprised a stakeholder consultation followed by a co-design process that responded to our consultation findings. This paper presents a case study of a co-design process used to develop a novel intervention. Findings: Our stakeholder consultation emphasized a need for implementing approaches targeting community integration following homelessness. We responded by collaborating on the co-design of an intervention called the Peer to Community (P2C) Model. This intervention utilizes the expertise of peer support specialists, occupational therapists, and social workers to support meaningful activity participation and relationship building as pathways to community integration following homelessness. The (P2C) model is informed by five philosophies: 1) Housing First; 2) harm reduction; 3) trauma and violence-informed care; 4) person-centred care; and 5) the mental health recovery model. Our co-design process involved the development of the P2C model, educational modules for training individuals to deliver this approach, and a fidelity measure. Implications: The P2C model is a novel approach designed to support community integration following homelessness and needs to be piloted and evaluated in future research. A pilot study is currently underway in a mid-sized city in Ontario, Canada.
Viruses on Table Vine Varietie

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Herzegovina table grapes have been grown on smaller private areas. One of the most important factors that affect the yield and quality of vines, grapes and the profit of production are the viruses. The aim of this work is to monitor the occurrence of 4 viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3, ArMV and GFLV) on 6 table grape varieties: Prima, Black Magic, Cardinal, Demir-kapija, Victoria, Alphonse Lavallée. The research was conducted in the period from November 2019 to September 2020 on one of the larger plantations north of Mostar.Studies have shown different susceptibility of different varieties to these viruses. Of the 60 samples examined, the presence of ArMV virus was not recorded. The presence of GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3 and GFLV viruses was proven by ELISA. The variety Victoria is most susceptible to infection with the GLRaV-3 virus, in which each sample of this variety is infected. The second variety that is most susceptible is Demir kapija with 80% of infected samples, followed by Cardinal with 70% and Alfonso with 50%. The most resistant varieties according to this research are Prima with 30% of infected samples and Black Magic with 10% of infected samples.
Fraud Detection on European Food and Animal Trade with Machine Learning Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

TRACES is an European Commission system to keep traceability of European imports and
exports of animal products. Imports are exposed to several checks at entry points (Europe)
but, given the high trading volume, only a subset is inspected (based on a human decision)
and only a 2% of checked imports are effectively rejected. The principal goal of this work is to
find an effective and efficient solution to early detect imports that have a high risk of not being
appropriate for import (fraudulent). This work will analyse TRACES system and its generated
data to find a predictive model based on machine learning algorithms to help to decisionmaking. Results of this work show that, even with a highly imbalanced class as we have in this
domain, it is possible to have a ratio of true positives near 90% at country level inspection.
[Steroidal saponins from Asparagus filicinus].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Three new steroidal saponins, aspafilioside A, B and C together with a known saponin 22-methoxy ASP-IV and beta-ecdysone were isolated from the root of Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. (Chinese name as xiao-bai-bu), a folk medicine of the minorities in Yunnan Province, China, used for the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonitis and cough. Their structures were established as sarsasa pogenin-3-O-beta-D-xy lopyranosyl (1----4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), sarsasapogenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1----4) [alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1----6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II) and (25S)-5 beta-furost-3 beta, 22, 26-triol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1----4) [alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1----6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside-26-O-bet a-D- glucopyranoside (III) by spectral and chemical methods.
The political geography of migration in Turkey: university students' perception of Afghan and Syrian migrants

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of [international] migration, which is defined as the spatial expression of the processes of control and conflict over power and parts of geographical space, has become a means of marginalization. Human mobility, which increases especially in different regions due to political and geographical developments such as war, terrorism, and climate change, leads to multidimensional opportunities and problems both in the source geography of migration and in the countries where migration takes place. At this point, Turkey has become the center of migration flows occurring in different geographies due to its geopolitical position. It has also become a country where problems arising from migration have increased in sociopolitical, cultural, and economic terms. In this context, this study aims to analyze local and international students' perception of the marginalization of Afghan and Syrian migrants in the relationship of political geography and migration. In the study, which is based on the quantitative research method, a total of 335 students, 217 Turkish citizens and 118 foreign nationals, from 16 different cities of Turkey, were included using non-random sampling. The survey data obtained from local and international students, using the scale of immigrant perception, were analyzed using SPSS software. The research revealed a significant difference in the perceptions between local participants and international students towards Afghan and Syrian immigrants. At this point, it was determined in the study that local participants came to the fore with the negative dimensions of marginalization (danger and social exclusion), while international students with the positive dimensions (humanism and social inclusion). In addition, there was a significant difference between local and international participants in t-test averages.
Elevating Expectations: Vericiguat in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Introduction: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF) poses high morbidity and mortality. Guidelines Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) is essential, yet many patients experience significant symptoms. Vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, may serve as an adjunctive therapy by enhancing the nitric oxide (NO)-sGC-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Methods: This observational cohort study involved 100 participants with stage C HF and reduced EF (<40%), divided into two groups: 48 receiving vericiguat plus GDMT and 52 receiving GDMT alone. Primary outcomes included mortality, HF admissions, and changes in EF over 6 months. Results: Mortality rates were lower in the vericiguat group (10.4%) than in GDMT alone (17.3%, P = 0.32). HF admissions were reduced in the vericiguat group (25.0% vs 38.5%, P < 0.14), with significantly fewer mean HF admissions per patient (0.7 vs 1.2, P = 0.03). EF improved significantly more with vericiguat (+5.1% vs +2.3%, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Vericiguat may enhance management of stage C HF patients with reduced EF. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Movements in Chicano Poetry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interpreting specific poems by some of the best known Chicano writers, this book studies the central aesthetic and thematic concerns recent Chicano poetry addresses. Drawing on current theories of postmodernity and postcoloniality, it places a 'minority' literature within the central concerns of contemporary literary and cultural studies. The book addresses the most important issues related to Chicano identity, especially focusing on the contribution women writers and thinkers have made in articulating this identity. The study will thus be of interest to scholars specialising in feminist, cultural as well as Chicano/a studies.
Massive Haemorrhage from the Acute Gastric Ulcer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CHOLERA M circulation, so that the clinical picture is not the simple effect of fluid loss.The question of haemolytic power of vibrios has so long remained an academic luxury of the laboratory m .It will now justify more fully the atten- tion it has received, and will excite an equal if not a greater interest in the clinician. Summary and ConclusionThe occurrence of haemoglobinuria, haemoglobin- aemia, and hyperbilirubinaemia is described in a case of cholera in which the patient died later of post-choleric uraemia.The strain isolated from the stool was a typical Vibrio cholerae (Ogawa type) with no evidence of haemolytic activity against sheep and human erythrocyte in either the 8-hours or the 72-hours culture.The possible roles of anhydraemia and acidosis, of altera- tions in the red blood corpuscles, and of sulphonamides in bringing about the intravascular haemolysis are discussed.It is suggested that endohaemolysin of V. cholerae is absorbed into the circulation and brings about the destruction of red blood cells.Our thanks are due to Dr.
Treatment of warts by vaccination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of warts by inoculation with vaccinia virus was evaluated by treating with smallpox vaccine or saline alternatively. Two months after treatment with the saline placebo nearly half of the warts treated in 50 patients disappeared. Inoculation of vaccinia into warts caused some of them to disappear faster but the results in two months were not significantly different from the controls. Local and systemic side effects with the vaccine were too frequent to warrant further use of this form of treatment.