jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intercultural Couples in Iceland. A pilot study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hér á landi hefur orðið aukning á þvermenningarlegum (e. intercultural) pörum, sem og einstaklingum með fjölmenningarlegan (e. multicultural) bakgrunn. Fjölskyldumeðferðarfræðingar geta nú í auknum mæli átt von á að vinna með þessum tiltekna hópi. Hluti af þessu meistaraverkefni var að setja saman námskeið fyrir pör með ólíkan menningarbakgrunn með það að markmiðið að búa til fræðsluefni sem gæti komið að notum fyrir pör af ólíkum uppruna á Íslandi. Í fræðslunni var lögð áhersla á þau vandamál og þær áskoranir sem þvermenningarleg pör standa frammi fyrir. Með þessu meistaraverkefni vonast höfundur eftir að vekja athygli á þeim áskorunum sem fjölskyldumeðferðarfræðingar standa frammi fyrir í vinnu með pörum af ólíkum uppruna. Þrátt fyrir að úrtakið hafi verið lítið má draga nokkrar ályktanir út frá niðurstöðum. Afrakstur verkefnisins gæti jafnframt aukið skilning á þvermenningarlegum pörum á Íslandi og verið grunnur að umfangsmeiri fræðslu fyrir þennan tiltekna hóp. Ennfremur er vonin sú að þetta verkefni gefi fjölskyldumeðferðarfræðingum á Íslandi þýðingarmiklar ábendingar um vinnu með fjölmenningarlega einstaklinga. \n \nLykilorð: þvermenningarleg pör, fræðsla um fjölskyldulíf, fjölmenningarlegar fjölskyldur, og innflytjendur.
Hydrodynamic interaction between two beads in the presence of a temperature gradient: Effect of correlation of beads’ motion on the Soret effect

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

برای روشن شدن تأثیر ساختار داخلی مولکول‌ها در اثر سُرِه، ما به بررسی اعمال گرادیان دما به یک تَک ذرۀ شناور در سیال می‌پردازیم. تک ذرۀ مورد بررسی با دو ریز کره که با فنر نرمی به یکدیگر متصل شده‌اند، یا به‌صورت جداگانه در دام دو انبرک نوری قرار گرفته‌اند، مدل شده است. ما نیرویی که این مجموعۀ دوکره‌ای در حضور گرادیان دما، به سیال پیرامونِ خود وارد می‌کند را محاسبه کرده، و با استفاده از آن ضریب سُرۀ مربوط به این مدل دو‌ ذره‌‌ای را به دست می‌آوریم. در گام بعدی، وابستگی گرانروی سیال به دما را در محاسبات وارد کرده، و اثر این تصحیح را بر نتایج خود بررسی می‌کنیم.
Inhibition of phorbol ester‐induced COX‐2 expression by 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) in human mammary epithelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DIM is a major in vivo derivative of the putative anticancer agent indole‐3‐carbinol, which is present in cruciferous vegetables and has been reported to have anti‐carcinogenic properties. An abnormally elevated level of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis. To study the mechanisms by which DIM exhibits anti‐carcinogenic effects we investigated the effects of DIM on COX‐2 expression in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells treated with the tumor promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA). DIM inhibited the TPA‐induced COX‐2 expression and suppressed the synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 , one of the major products of COX‐2. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κ B) is a transcription factor known to play a role in regulation of COX‐2 expression. Treatment of MCF10A cells with TPA increased nuclear translocation of phospho‐p65 with the maximal levels being reached at 1 h and DIM inhibited the TPA‐induced nuclear translocation of phospho‐p65 in a dose dependent manner. We demonstrate that DIM suppresses phobol ester‐induced PGE 2 production and COX‐2 expression in MCF10A cells. The reduction in COX‐2 levels by DIM may be mediated through inhibition of NF‐κ B signaling.
Self-induced Vomiting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We develop conceptions of arguments and of argument types that will, by serving as the basis for developing a natural classification of arguments, benefit work in artificial intelligence. Focusing only on arguments construed as the semantic entities that are the outcome of processes of reasoning, we outline and clarify our view that an argument is a proposition that represents a fact as both conveying some other fact and as doing so wholly. Further, we outline our view that, with respect to arguments that are propositions, (roughly) two arguments are of the same type if and only if they represent the same relation of conveyance and do so in the same way. We then argue for our conceptions of arguments and argument types, and compare them to alternative positions. We also illustrate the need for, and some of the strengths of, our approach to classifying arguments through an examination of aspects of two prominent and recent attempts to classify arguments using argumentation schemes, namely those of M. Kienpointner and D. Walton. Finally, we clarify how our conception of arguments and of argument types can assist in developing an exhaustive classification of arguments.
The investigation of Orthoptera from Huagaoxi Nature Reserve of Sichuan, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We conducted a survey for Orthoptera in the Huagaoxi Nature Reserve of Sichuan for the first time during the summer of 2013. The result deals with 22 genera 35 species of superfamily Tettigonioidea, 10 genera 11 species of superfamily Acridoidea, and 14 genera 20 species of family Gryllidae, 1 genus 1 species of family Gryllotalpidae. In addition, Gampsocleis sinensis (Walker, 1871) is one newly recorded species of Sichuan.
Cellular and molecular mechanism of CD8+ T cell exhaustion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

T-cell exhaustion is characterized by the stepwise and progressive loss of T cell functions under conditions of antigen-persistence, which occurs following chronic infections and tumor outgrowth. Exhausted T cells present functional defects, express multiple inhibitory receptors and show reprogrammed transcriptional regulation. As T cell exhaustion is correlated to its dysfunction to control infections and tumors, exploring new strategies to target exhausted T cell may reverse this dysfunctional state and reinvigorate immune response. This study takes CD8+ T cell as an example, which acts as an important subset involved in exhaustion state, discuss current understanding of the properties of exhausted T cell and the mechanisms that promote and maintain this state, and reveal new therapeutic targets for chronic infection and cancer.

Key words:
CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; Infection; Neoplasms; Review
Ostracods in archaeological sites along the Mediterranean coastlines: three case studies from the Italian peninsula

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Microfossils are an abundant component of the sedimentary rock record. Their analysis can reveal not only the environments in which the rocks were deposited, but also their age. When combined, the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of microfossils offer enormous utility for archaeological and forensic investigations. Their presence can act as a geological 'fingerprint' and the tiniest fragment of material, such as a broken Iron Age potsherd, can contain a microfossil signature that reveals the geographical source of the materials under investigation. This book explores how microfossils are employed as tools to interpret human society and habitation throughout history. Examples include microfossil evidence associated with Palaeolithic human occupation at Boxgrove in Sussex, alongside investigations into human-induced landscape change during the Holocene. Further examples include the use of microfossils to provenance the source materials of Iron Age ceramics, Roman mosaics and Minoan pottery, in addition to their application to help solve modern murder cases, highlighting the diverse applications of microfossils to improving our understanding of human history.
Vesicular glutamate transporter-immunoreactivities in the vestibular nuclear complex of rat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective Aims to delineate the distribution profile of three isoforms of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT), viz. VGluT1-3, and their cellular localization within vestibular nuclear complex (VNC). Methods Brain sections from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were processed immunohistochemically for VGluT detection, employing avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method with 3-3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as chromogen. Results The whole VNC expressed all of the three transporters that were observed to be localized to the fiber endings. Compared with VGluT1 and VGluT3, VGluT2 demonstrated a relatively homogeneous distribution, with much higher density in VNC. VGluT3 displayed the highest density in lateral vestibular nucleus and group X, contrasting with the sparse immunostained puncta within vestibular medial and inferior nuclei. Conclusion Glutamtatergic pathways participate in the processing of vestibular signals within VNC mainly through the re-uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles by VGluT1 and 2, whereas VGluT3 may play a similar role mainly in areas other than medial and inferior nuclei of VNC.
A Robotics Systems Design Need: A Design Standard to Provide the Systems Focus that is Required for Longterm Exploration Efforts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The United States is entering a new period of human exploration of the inner Solar System, and robotic human helpers will be partners in that effort. In order to support integration of these new worker robots into existing and new human systems, a new design standard should be developed, to be called the Robot-Systems Integration Standard (RSIS). It will address the requirements for and constraints upon robotic collaborators with humans. These workers are subject to the same functional constraints as humans of work, reach, and visibility/situational awareness envelopes, and they will deal with the same maintenance and communication interfaces. Thus, the RSIS will be created by discipline experts with the same sort of perspective on these and other interface concerns as human engineers.</div>
Mathematical Modelling of Thin Layer Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) Drying Process

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect drying process on hot-air drying kinetics of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) slices and to evaluate the best model predicting the drying kinetics. The experimental study was carried out in an electric dryer at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C, 0.6 m/s with two configurations (vertical airflow batch drying and vertical countercurrent airflow drying). To estimate and select the appropriate drying model, seven different models were applied to the experimental data and compared. The performances of these models were compared using the coefficient (R²), reduced chi square (χ²) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. The analysis of results showed that the vertical countercurrent airflow drying permits us to obtain best quality of products in terms of moisture ration. Among the models used, the Midilli et al., model was found to best explain thin layer drying of mangoes slices as compared to the other models over the experimental temperature range. By increasing the drying air temperature, the effective moisture diffusivity values increased from 5.018 x 10 -10 to 7.395 x 10 -10 m 2 /s for vertical airflow batch drying and from 3.698 x 10 -10 to 7.660 x 10 -10 m 2 /s for vertical countercurrent airflow drying. The activation energy was calculated using an exponential expression based on Arrhenius equation and a E
Beyond prognosis communication: Exploring the existential dimensions of palliative care conversations with adults with advanced cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Communication about prognosis is integral to effective palliative care. However, prognosis communication often entails considering mortality, which can trigger existential questions. We understand very little about how existential experience is communicated in palliative care conversations. To fill this gap, this dissertation addresses the following aims: (1) Clarify the concept of the existential experience within the context of adults with advanced cancer (Chapter 2); (2) Describe how patients, families, and clinicians communicate about existential experience in palliative care conversations (Chapter 3); and (3) Explore the intersection between prognosis communication and existential dimensions of conversation (Chapter 4). To accomplish Aim 1, we synthesized published qualitative literature regarding how adults with advanced cancer describe their existential experience. Using Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis, we conceptualize existential experience as a dynamic state, preceded by confronting mortality, defined by diverse reactions to shared existential challenges related to parameters of existence (body, time, others, and death), resulting in a dialectical movement between existential suffering and joy. To address Aims 2 and 3, we analyzed a randomly selected subset of an existing Palliative Care Communication Research Initiative (PCCRI) study dataset. PCCRI data includes verbatim transcripts of inpatient palliative care consultations with adults with advanced cancer. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we found that overall, existential communication was woven within palliative care conversations, and related to key themes of: 1) Time as a pressing boundary; 2) Maintaining a coherent self; and 3) Connecting with others. In Chapter 4, we took a mixed methods approach, quantitatively stratifying the study sample by levels of prognosis communication and qualitatively describing existential dimensions of conversations within and across none, low, and high levels of prognosis communication. We found existential and prognosis communication were deeply interconnected. Additionally, existential communication was more common within conversations with higher levels of prognosis communication, representing an existential shift compared to the more physical focus of conversations with no prognosis communication. This dissertation generates new knowledge about how existential experience is communicated during naturally-occurring palliative care conversations. Our findings have implications for improving how we communicate with, and care for, individuals with advanced cancer and their families.
Molecular variance of the Tunisian almond germplasm assessed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genetic variance analysis of 82 almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) genotypes was performed using ten genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 50 genotypes from Tunisia including local landraces identified while prospecting the different sites of Bizerte and Sidi Bouzid (Northern and central parts) which are the most important locations of almond diversity in Tunisia were included. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed for 11 populations from these different regions and foreign countries to examine the distribution of genetic variation of the accessions studied. Results show that the major variation occurred within populations in each geographic site. Additionally, this analysis demonstrates that the genetic diversity within local almond cultivars was important, with a clear geographic distinction between the Northern and the Southern Tunisian cultivars. The value of prospecting new sites, preserving genetic diversity and encouraging on farmers almond collections is also discussed. Key words: Prunus dulcis Mill., Genetic resources, AMOVA, local ecotypes, geographic origin, Tunisia.
A Review of: “George, J., & Quamina-Aiyejina, L. (2003). An Analysis of Primary Teacher Education in Trinidad and Tobago: Multi-Site Teacher Education Research Project (MUSTER) Country Report Four.”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsROY I. McGARRELL Roy I. McGarrell is Professor Emeritus of the University of the Southern Caribbean, Maracas, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies.
The rhetoric and reality of NCLB

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whether explicitly by name or not No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is a force for reckoning in the lives of US educators, students and people at large. What exactly is the nature of this 'force' and for whom? Why are its actions and effects often not compatible with its declared intentions? This policy is supposed to be a transformative approach by the federal government to closing the achievement gap by ensuring that all students from various ethnic, social, racial, cultural, economic and ability backgrounds receive the same high‐quality education. But, how real is this rhetoric? Are the intended benefactors—as claimed in policy declarations—the ones in actuality? Is there a subtext to the mandates of NCLB that perpetuate educational inequities and achievement gaps instead of overcoming them? Is NCLB more rhetoric than reality, fiction than fact, reproduction than transformation, form than substance? These are the questions that underlie the subsequent discussion. While each one will not be answered separately they are all embedded in the analyses presented. Readers are challenged to think deeply and critically about NCLB with respect to what this educational policy and its related practices promise, what they actually deliver and to whom, and how they affect the most vulnerable student populations in US schools. Four claims are examined here to reveal some of the inherent contradictions in what NCLB purports to do, and what it actually does. These are educational significance, teacher quality, the choice for all students to attend a high‐achieving school and dealing with diversity.
A meta‐analysis of gas bubble trauma in fish

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation generated by dams is known to cause gas bubble trauma (GBT) and mortality in fish, but despite many studies on the topic, there have been no recent attempts to systematically review the data. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine how different levels of TDG supersaturation in laboratory experiments impact mortality and GBT outcomes of freshwater fishes. We also examined all TDG laboratory studies on freshwater fish to identify research gaps in the GBT literature. Factors that improved the linear mixed‐effects models and Cox proportional hazards models of the relationship between TDG supersaturation and time to 50% mortality, time to 10% mortality, time to the appearance of bubbles in the gills and time to external GBT symptoms include depth, temperature, oxygen‐to‐nitrogen ratios, species, body mass, the interaction between TDG and depth and author group for one or more of the models of the relationship between TDG and GBT outcomes. Of the 99 GBT studies we found in our search, 74% quantified mortality outcomes, with limited assessment of quantitative behavioural, histological and performance outcomes. Moreover, the majority of studies were conducted on salmonids. We therefore recommend additional studies on non‐salmonid species to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of GBT and community effects with use of more diverse sublethal outcomes. We also recommend random subject allocation to treatments, complete reporting, consistent methods between treatments and the use of control groups (which were often lacking) for more rigorous experimental designs.
Field and Economic Evaluation of Barley Productivity as Affected by Seed Rates and Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels under Rainfed Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted at the north western coast of Egypt under rainfed conditions to study the effects of seed rates (70, 95 and 120 kg ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg N ha-1) of Ensiabeen-40% N as slow-release fertilizer compared with 105 kg N ha-1 as Ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) on productivity of barley cultivar Giza134. This investigation was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 winter growing seasons. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design, with three replications. Plant height, spike length, number of grins spike-1, number of spikes per m2, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded. In addition, total income and net return (LE)/hactare were calculated. The results indicated that mean squares due to seasons, seed rates, nitrogen levels and their interactions were significant for most studied traits. Mean performance of the studied traits as affected by seasons, seed rates and nitrogen levels showed that, the most desirable values were obtained by SR1 for spike length (6.13cm), number of grains spike-1 (48.78 grain) and 1000 grain weight (42.15g), from SR2 for Biological yield (6.02 ton ha-1) and grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) and from SR3 for plant height (78.28cm) and number of spikes m-2 (180.11 spike). For nitrogen level effects, N4 recorded the most favorable values for all studied traits; plant height (81.48cm), spike length (6.33cm), number of grains spike-1 (49.99 grain), number of spikes m-2 (187.60 spike), Biological yield (6.88 ton ha-1), grain yield (2.12 ton ha-1) and 1000 grain weight (42.89g). Grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with each of plant height (r= 0.833**), spike length(r=0.621**), number of grains spike-1 (r=0.768**), number of spikes m-2(r=0.880**) and weight of 1000 grains (r= 0.661**). The most contributing variable in the total variation of grain yield were number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1 and spike length. These variables contributed by 92.9% in the grain yield variation. The results also indicated that, the highest values in the total income were 19149 and 24990 pound.hec-1 respectively, and net return were 9492 and 15498 pound.hec-1 obtained from the interaction between seed rate of 5kg ha-1 (SR2) and 105 unit of slow release fertilizer (N4) during the two growing seasons. It could recommend this treatment to maximize the total income for the farmers in such location.
[Myopathy and polyneuropathy caused by colchicine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A forty-six year old man with chronic renal failure and a toxic chronic liver disease developed progressive muscle weakness after a long trial with colchicine. Physical exam revealed muscle weakness and proximal muscle atrophy with hyporeflexia. Serum levels of creatine kinase were high and signs of myopathy and axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy was evidenced in electrophysiological studies. Muscle biopsy disclosed a vacuolar myopathy, disruption of myofibers and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The clinical pictures was attributed to a toxic myopathy and polyneuropathy due to colchicine, thus this treatment was discontinued. Four week later, the patient was symptom free, the levels of seric creatine kinase were normal and a new muscle biopsy was normal, with disappearance of previous histological findings.
Size-related changes in winter condition of female and male reindeer calves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated how relationships between body size and back-fat depth develop in female and male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves in winter. Back-fat depths did not differ between male and female calves, but depended more strongly on body size in female calves. Because no sex difference was found in the post-rut sample (October), differences were not attributed to male puberty and consequent sexual activity. Sex differences might be related to the fact that female calves feed more often than males from craters dug in the snow by their mother and that daughters of dominant mothers share feeding craters with their mother most often. In the last sample month, February, the fattest males were medium-sized, but mean back-fat depths did not differ between medium-sized and large calves. The decreasing trend in size dependence of fat reserves of male calves through the winter possibly weakens the link between maternal investment and reproductive success of sons.