jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of the Optical and Near‐Infrared Galaxy Luminosity Functions and Luminosity Densities toz ∼ 2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based U through K- band photometry from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), we measure the evolution of the luminosity function and luminosity density in the rest-frame optical (UBR) to z ~ 2, bridging the poorly explored ``redshift desert'' between z~1 and z~2. We also use deep near-infrared observations to measure the evolution in the rest-frame J-band to z~1. Compared to local measurements from the SDSS, we find a brightening of the characteristic magnitude, (M*), by ~2.1, \~0.8 and ~0.7 mag between z=0.1 and z=1.9, in U, B, and R bands, respectively. The evolution of M* in the J-band is in the opposite sense, showing a dimming between redshifts z=0.4 and z=0.9. This is consistent with a scenario in which the mean star formation rate in galaxies was higher in the past, while the mean stellar mass was lower, in qualitative agreement with hierarchical galaxy formation models. We find that the shape of the luminosity function is strongly dependent on spectral type and that there is strong evolution with redshift in the relative contribution from the different spectral types to the luminosity density. We find good agreement in the luminosity function derived from an R-selected and a K-selected sample at z~1, suggesting that optically selected surveys of similar depth (R < 24) are not missing a significant fraction of objects at this redshift relative to a near-infrared-selected sample. We compare the rest-frame B-band luminosity functions from z~0--2 with the predictions of a semi-analytic hierarchical model of galaxy formation, and find qualitatively good agreement. In particular, the model predicts at least as many optically luminous galaxies at z~1--2 as are implied by our observations.
Knowing One's Place

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Core concepts of Augustine's thought are interlinked with an eschatological perspective. His eschatology is vision-centred, culminating in the individual's ahistorical, eternal vision of God, while also preserving the social character of the community of saints in heaven. However, Augustine also postulates a "realised eschatology" in the historical present. The intricate interplay between the historical and the post-historical dimension of eschatological truths enables Augustine to make the end of the world intrude, encourage and explain human history: while eschatological suspense does not allow anyone to draw the line between good and bad in this life with certainty, the eschatological dimension can nevertheless explain the human situation and exhort ethical engagement in the present.
Assessment of Prediction Models of Confirmed, Recovered and Deceased cases due to COVID-19

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Pandemic relates to a situation where any disease starts spreading geographically and affects a entire country or the whole world. So when an epidemic becomes pandemic, it really a question of our survival. COVID -19 has become a pandemic as we all know and needs real and underneath research on that. The procession of death is uncountable still now. It can cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. So it’s very necessary to know the impact of it on originating venue so that we can analyze its potential and rate of spreads. So to do this we have applied here some Machine learning algorithm and concepts of regression for prediction. In this present work we have made prediction model of confirmed cases, Recovered and death cases using K-Nearest Neighbour regressor and Gradient Boosting Regressor. The model performance is very good in predicting all the cases. The R squared value is very near to 1.
Classroom Assessment: Principles and Practice for Effective Standards-Based Instruction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Publisher description: Classroom Assessment provides prospective and current teachers with a concise, non-technical, and practical guide to conducting a full range of high-quality classroom assessments. The text emphasizes assessment in the context of the realities of teaching and teacher decision-making in an era of standards-based education. Assessment methods are integrated with instruction and presented according to when teachers evaluate students (before, during, and after an instructional unit), the learning targets that are measured, and standards emphasized in state-wide testing. There is considerable emphasis on the nature of learning targets and how different assessments are most appropriate for different targets. For each assessment technique, suggestions for effective practice are presented with examples, case studies, and teacher interviews.
Regulation of the Ascaris major sperm protein (MSP) cytoskeleton by intracellular pH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The development and locomotion of the amoeboid sperm of the nematode, Ascaris suum , depend on precise control of the assembly of their unique major sperm protein (MSP) filament system. We used fluorescence ratio imaging of cells loaded with BCECF to show that intracellular pH (pH i ) is involved in controlling MSP polymerization in vivo. Spermatogenesis is marked by a cycle of MSP assembly‐disassembly‐reassembly that coincides with changes in pH i . In spermatocytes, which contain MSP in paracrystalline fibrous bodies, pH i was 6.8, 0.6 units higher than in spermatids, which disassemble the fibrous bodies and contain no assemblies of MSP filaments. Activation of spermatids to complete development resulted in rapid increase in pH i to 6.4 and reappearance of filaments. Treatment of spermatocytes with weak acids caused the fibrous bodies to disassemble whereas incubation of spermatids in weak bases induced MSP assembly. The MSP filaments in spermatozoa are organized into fiber complexes that flow continuously rearward from the leading edge of the pseudopod. These cells established a pseudopodial pH gradient with pH i 0.15 units higher at the leading edge, where fiber complexes assemble, than at the base of the pseudopod, where disassembly occurs. Acidification of these cells caused the MSP cytoskeleton to disassemble and abolished the pH gradient. Acid removal resulted in reassembly of the cytoskeleton, re‐establishment of the pH gradient, and re‐initiation of motility. MSP assembly in sperm undergoing normal development and motility and in cells responding to chemical manipulation of pH i occurs preferentially at membranes. Thus, we propose that filament assembly in sperm is controlled by pH‐sensitive MSP‐membrane interaction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Economic and Societal Impact of Myopia and High Myopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The World Health Organization lists uncorrected or under-corrected myopia as a major cause of visual impairment. Myopia may impair many aspects of life including educational and occupational activities. The annual direct cost of myopia correction for Asian adults has been estimated at US $328 billion/annum. The cost of care is also likely to increase significantly, exacerbated by an even greater increase in the prevalence of high myopia. High myopes have greater risk of developing several vision-threatening conditions including myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataract. Those affected individuals incur costs for specialist eye care, or specialist optical aids for patients with visual impairment. These costs are in the region of US $250 billion/annum. Myopes, especially high myopes, tend to have reduced quality of life due to adverse influences from psychological, cosmetic, practical and financial factors. Treatments such as orthokeratology contact lenses, soft bifocal contact lenses, and topical pharmaceutical agents such as low dose atropine are currently most effective, with differing implications for personal finances and quality of life.
Beyond COVID-19: Renewing Best Practices and Relationships among Newcomer Students, Their School, and Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Immigrant and newcomer students often experience challenges as they seek to assimilate in the new country. As such, this theme remains significantly under-researched and continues to hinder our understanding of newcomer students’ most urgent needs. This article focuses on the perspectives given by newcomer high school students as they discuss, through open dialogue and social media, their main challenges living in a new country. The scholars employed a collaborative action research approach and were guided by two questions: (1) How can newcomer students’ lived experiences inform best practices in the field of education? and (2) How did the social isolation brought on by COVID-19 affect the mental health/well-being of newcomer students? The results highlighted the racial, cultural, linguistic, and religious challenges these students face in their education as well as the considerable mental/emotional impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on this demographic. The data hold major implications for best practice in the field of education, with specific emphasis on newcomer students.
Catheter-Directed Therapies in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism: Predictive Factors of In-Hospital Mortality and Long-Term Follow-Up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: Catheter-directed therapies (CDT) may be considered for selected patients with pulmonary embolism (PE); (2) Methods: Retrospective observational study including all consecutive patients with acute PE undergoing CDT (mechanical or pharmacomechanical) from January 2010 through December 2020. The aim was to evaluate in-hospital and long-term mortality and its predictive factors; (3) Results: We included 63 patients, 43 (68.3%) with high-risk PE. All patients underwent mechanical CDT and, additionally, 27 (43%) underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis. Twelve (19%) patients received failed systemic thrombolysis (ST) prior to CDT, and an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was inserted in 28 (44.5%) patients. In-hospital PE-related and all-cause mortality rates were 31.7%; 95% CI 20.6–44.7% and 42.9%; 95% CI 30.5–56%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age > 70 years and previous ST were strongly associated with PE-related and all-cause mortality, while IVC filter insertion during the CDT was associated with lower mortality rates. After a median follow-up of 40 (12–60) months, 11 more patients died (mortality rate of 60.3%; 95% CI 47.2–72.4%). Long-term survival was significantly higher in patients who received an IVC filter; (4) Conclusions: Age > 70 years and failure of previous ST were associated with mortality in acute PE patients treated with CDT. In-hospital and long-term mortality were lower in patients who received IVC filter insertion.
Aggravation and mitigation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Now in its sixth edition, Sentencing and Criminal Justice has been extensively rewritten to reflect recent legislation, guidelines and judicial decisions. New material includes comparative sentencing research, which looks at models from other countries in comparison with the approach in England and Wales, and an additional chapter focusing on civil preventive orders and other ancillary orders. Written with clarity of expression coupled with critical analysis, this textbook offers an unrivalled combination of expertise, accessibility and coverage. This is the essential text for anyone interested in criminal justice.
Intraoral Transmission of Streptococcus mutans by a Dental Explorer

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A streptomycin-resistant strain of S. mutans was introduced into the mouth as adherent growth on an artificial fissure (AF). A second AF, which was initially sterile, was placed in a crown on the opposite side of the dentition. The labeled strain was not found in 8 initially-sterile AFs which were left in vivo for 2 to 6 days and were not examined with a dental explorer. The labeled strain was detected in 7 of 9 initially-sterile AFs which were probed with the dental explorer.
Predictive Factors for Usefulness of Fiberoptic Pulmonary Artery Catheter for Continuous Oxygen Saturation in Mixed Venous Blood Monitoring in Cardiac Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main goal of this prospective study was to identify among cardiac surgery patients, usually monitored through a standard pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), those in whom a fiberoptic catheter oximeter to measure oxygen saturation in mixed venous blood (SVO2 PAC) would be most useful.Data from 286 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (50%) or valvular surgery were recorded, including ASA physical status, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, and Parsonnet score (PS). Hemodynamic events and SVO2 changes were collected intra- and postoperatively until weaning from mechanical ventilation. The anesthesiologist in charge graded the usefulness of SVO2 PAC, and another anesthesiologist carried out a blindly controlled overall evaluation. Usefulness was defined as the presence of a change in therapeutic maneuver triggered solely by continuous SVO2 data that would not have occurred based on other routine parameters. SVO2 was also considered useful if earlier recognition of significant adverse events occurred. SVO2 PAC was useful in 57% of the patients. Independent predictive factors (multivariate analysis) for the perioperative usefulness of SVO2 in the whole population consisted of ASA class >or=to4 (P < 10-5; relative risk [RR] 1.78, 1.51-2.07), mitral surgery (P < 10-4; RR 1.72, 1.4-2.02), and NYHA score >or=to3 (P < 0.01; RR 1.66, 1.35-2.05). Independent predictive factors for the perioperative usefulness of SVO2 in the coronary artery bypass graft population were NYHA score >or=to 3 (P < 10-5; RR 1.90, 1.42-2.55) and ASA class >or=to 4 (P < 0.01; RR 1.99, 1.51-2.63). The presence of three stenosed coronary arteries showed borderline significance (P < 0.06), Independent predictive factors for perioperative usefulness of SVO2 in the valvular population were mitral pathology (P < 10-5) and ASA class >or=to 4 (P < 0.01). The receiver operator characteristic curve assessed the predictivity of the PS. SVO2 PAC was more useful in the group of patients with the greatest severity of illness (PS in useful group 17.0 +/- 10.3; in nonuseful group 8.7 +/- 6.6; P < 10-4). Intensive care unit duration and hospital stay in the useful group was prolonged compared with the nonuseful group. Similarly, morbidity was frequent in the useful group, although it was not always significantly different from the nonuseful group according to the type of complications. Mortality was comparable in the groups despite their different degree of illness and was reduced when taking into account the predictive and observed mortality provided by the PS. This study defined independent preoperative factors associated with SVO2 PAC monitoring and proposed a cutoff point above which SVO2 may be useful. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:2-10)
Potential protective role of Melilotus officinalis against Cisplatin –induced cardiac and pulmonary toxicities in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Data from previous literature were used to compile a checklist of the of north African hydraenid beetles.Members of Hydraenidae are mostly 0.5-3 mm in length and genitalia of different species under the same taxonomic group are almost indistinguishable.The external morphology of several taxa, e.g., Ochthebiinae, is largely variable.Mostly all the described genera or subgenera are with uncertain relationships in addition to the presence of many assigned but undescribed species.Here we summarize the recorded species of family Hydraenidae in the north Africa.The species distribution in the Palearctic region is provided.According to the analysis of literature a total of 15, 15, 61, 39 species were recorded in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia respectively.The genus Ochthebius was represented by 15, 13, 36, 16 species, while Hydraena by 19, 1, 15, 12 species, and Limnebius species was represented by 3,1, 12, 6 species in Algeria Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia respectively.
A METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE FORM SCATTERING FUNCTION OF NONSPHERICAL PARTICLE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In measuring the particle-size distribution by small angle X-ray scattering the particle form must be known.In general the form of particles considered to be spherical ,but in practice, the form of particles was very complexity.We statistcally separate the forms of particles into sphere-like; flat-like and rod-like ones. The general method for calculating the form scattering function has been given, and we have calculated the form scattering function for sphere-like particles, and given an adjustable parameter δ that can be used in general analysis.
Inrush Current Identification Based on Mathematical Morphology and LSSVM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Differential protection has long been used as the main protection of transformers because of its fast action and high sensitivity. Inrush current may be identified as fault current and lead to maloperation of the differential protection. Moreover, facing the more and more complex power system, the existing methods still have some shortcomings, and the discrimination rate is low in the case of current transformer (CT) saturation and large remanent magnetization. In this paper, the waveform features are obtained by the mathematical morphology gradient (MMG) operator. Then the morphological pattern spectrum (MPS) is used to extract the differences between inrush current and fault current. Finally, the normalized spectrum value and gradient criterion are both used as the input of the least-squares-support vector machine (LSSVM) to classify the inrush current and fault current. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified on the data generated by a simulation model established in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method has a good classification accuracy under large data set and will not be affected by residual magnetization of the transformer and CT saturation.
Dirofilariasis of the lung accompanied by lung cancer: Report of a case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は55歳男性で，近医にて胸部異常陰影を指摘された．当院の胸部CTにて，右S6に最大径約3cmの腫瘤陰影，右S3に辺縁整な結節陰影と不整形の腫瘤陰影を認めた．FDG-PETでは，右S6の結節に極めて強い集積を認め，右S3の不整形の腫瘤陰影に淡い集積を認めた．辺縁整な結節陰影に集積を認めなかった．そのために右下葉切除術兼リンパ節郭清術（ND2a）および右上葉部分切除術を施行した．右S6の腫瘤は扁平上皮癌であったが，右S3の辺縁整な結節陰影はDirofilariasisで，不整形の腫瘤陰影は器質化肺炎であった．フィラリアは胸部CTで円形陰影として認めることが多い．そのため，孤立性の腫瘤陰影を認めた場合，悪性疾患の他に肺犬糸状虫症も念頭に入れていかなければならない．
Characterization of Current Stability in an HTS NMR System Energized by an HTS Flux Pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

HTS magnets are operated in driven mode due to non-existent persistent joint technology. The power supply (PS) current leads place a large heat load on the system cryogenics. Applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) require the magnet to be stable to the sub-PPM range, which necessitates an ultra-stable PS. We have investigated the use of a mechanical HTS flux pump (FP) as an alternative to the PS. The FP is integrated into the magnet's cryogenic environment and used as a current source, which significantly reduces the heat leak to the cold mass. Earlier work showed a reduction in heat load by a factor of 4.5 when using an HTS-based FP in a small cryogen-free HTS magnet. We extend the use of the FP to a 2-T NMR relaxometry magnet of substantial inductance and investigate the system's temporal stability. The 0.4-H iron-yoked dipole magnet was ramped to a field of 2 T (at 110 A) in 2.5 h. A temperature-compensated Hall sensor was used as a feedback element in a PID control loop to actively control the magnet current through modulation of the rotational speed of the FP. We report the stability achieved using proton NMR measurements.
Notification of Final Adoption of an International Method and Standard Solution for Hemoglobinometry Specifications for Preparation of Standard Solution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Notification of Final Adoption of an International Method and Standard Solution for Hemoglobinometry Specifications for Preparation of Standard Solution. Get access Russell J. Eilers, M.D. Russell J. Eilers, M.D. Department of Clinical Laboratories, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 47, Issue 2, 1 February 1967, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/47.2.212 Published: 01 February 1967 Article history Received: 10 November 1966 Published: 01 February 1967
We are in the transformational age of chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The evolution of the chemical sciences, and more broadly, science and technology, has been marked by ages: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, the Bronze Age, and there have been many references to different Gold or Golden Ages occurring at different points between the 8th century and today. The chemical sciences have evolved substantially over the ages and recent advances promise to accelerate discovery and innovation rapidly. Industry advances equip us better to take on global challenges such as the United Nations sustainable development goals and address fundamental questions in the chemical sciences, leading to new, even unimagined discoveries and products. We have entered a transformational age for chemistry. When I look at the exciting possibilities ahead, I am concerned about how we will gain the chemical workforce needed for the future. All of us will need to engage to ensure the chemical sciences have the talent and skills they
Vegetation Dynamics and Climate Change: A Study of the Indian Himalayan Region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Vegetation forms an integral component of an ecosystem wherein its responses to climate change (CC) act as a key indicator in global climate monitoring and also in maintaining ecosystem stability. Therefore, long-term analysis of vegetation and monitoring of inter-annual variations in vegetation are required to combat the effects of CC. The present study attempted to analyze the change in vegetation vigor on the basis of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 2001 to 2017 in the Himalayan regions, where the NDVI has decreased in 2017 compared to 2001 in the 32 Western Himalayas while the same has increased in the Central Himalayas. Also, the long-term temperature and precipitation changes (1901 to 2017) in the region have been analyzed to correlate the effects of the climatic variables on the vegetation dynamics in the Himalayan region. The lowest mean temperatures have been recorded at higher altitudes of the Western Himalayas which continue to increase towards the east. Precipitation anomalies in the Western Himalayas were negligible while precipitation anomalies in the Central and Eastern Himalayas were highly variable. This rising temperature and precipitation anomaly in different Himalayan regions have been found to influence the vegetation dynamics of the region. The knowledge gained from this research will help with developing methods for adapting to climate change as well as mitigating the difficulties encountered in resolving the problems related to the shifting dynamics of the vegetation in the Himalayan region.