jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of 5-HT in the brain tissue with spectrofluorometric

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The fluorointensity was determined with 470nm/365nm (emission wavelength/excitation wavelength) while 5-HT condensated with ortho-diformaldehyde benzene, within the limits of 0.0-0.6mug, the relations between the content of 5-HT and the fluorointensity had a direct proportion, the obtained linear equation was y=127.9x+5.2 and the correlative coefficient was r=0.9973. The minimum detectable value of this method was 5mug. The recovery was 95% and RSP was 2.28%. The contents of 5-HT in the brain tissue of mouse were 1.891mug/g by this method.
Entanglements, Defects, and Inhomogeneities in Nitrile Butadiene Rubbers: Macroscopic versus Microscopic Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Combined mechanical and NMR experiments were performed on bulk as well as swollen elastomers. Uniaxial stress–strain experiments in combination with current models of entangled rubber elasticity were used to disentangle the contributions from entanglements and chemical cross-links (including trapped entanglements) in a series of peroxide-cross-linked nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and its hydrogenated analogue (HNBR). The role of network defects was assessed by ultraslow stress–strain experiments and dynamic mechanical analysis. These macroscopic properties were compared with molecular-scale information obtained by advanced proton NMR spectroscopy techniques applied to bulk and swollen samples, which provide information on average cross-link density, its spatial heterogeneity, entanglement contributions, and the amount of inelastic defects. The emerging picture is that both NBR and HNBR elastomers feature significant cross-linking inhomogeneities, but the latter, related to on average much lower cross-linking efficiency and modified peroxide reactivity, contains significant (>20%) amounts of slowly relaxing, complex defect structures. For NBR, mechanical and NMR analyses are mutually consistent and allow for an absolute-value calibration of inter-cross-link and entanglement molecular weights and for a quantitative analysis of swelling experiments in a typical plasticizer (DBP), which turns out to be a good solvent. Data for HNBR suggest dominant entanglement effects, but likely due to the large defect content, mechanical and NMR results are not fully consistent. Highly inhomogeneous rubbers with significant defect contents remain to be a challenge for truly quantitative evaluation of different experimental results.
The regional educational development and improvement project (Redip) working paper I: the education system in the United States of America description and implications for Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

buku ini merupakan kertas kerta mengenai gambaran dan implikasi sistem edukasi di amerika serikat untuk indonesia. buku ini menjelaskan sistem edukasi di amerika serikat, peran pemerintah nasional dalam pendidikan, sistem pendidikan negeri di amerika serikat, sistem pendidikan lokal, kemungkinan adaptasi dari sistem pendidikan amerika serikat
The Effect of Temperature and Type of Impact Surface on Critical Drop Height of Apple

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fruit bruising is one of the most important factors which are limiting the mechanization and automation in harvesting, handling and transport of fruits and vegetables, including apple. Because of importance of dynamic loads in handling systems, it is useful to identify the conditions that cause in reducing the rate of bruising under impact loads. According to the results of this research, factors of temperature, type of impact surface and kinetic energy are affected on rate of bruised surface area (P<0.01). By increasing temperature of fruit tissue, the rate of bruise decreased, while the kinetic energy had the inverse effect. In addition, by increasing the hardness of impact surface the rate of bruise was increased, so that the minimum and maximum rate of bruise were related to corrugated carton (0.97%) and galvanized iron (2.26%), respectively. This result may be stated in the form of drop height, so that, in Red Delicious variety, the maximum value of critical drop height was related to corrugated carton and temperature of 10 °C, equal to 130 mm, while the minimum value was related to galvanized iron and 0 °C, equal to 26 mm. However, the results showed that Golden Delicious apple had more resistance to bruising than the Red Delicious.
Quality Assessment of 12-Lead ECG in Body Sensor Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Body sensor network (BSN) is simple and effective biophysical data capture in real time to monitor human activities, such as health status and physiological signals for a wide range of application area. Electrocardiogram (ECG) uses medical body sensors to record the electrical activity of the heart to help diagnose of heart disease, and also monitor how well different heart medications are working. ECG is usually by affected by various types of noises. The most common noises originated from the power line interference, electrodes loss contact, baselines wander and motion artifact. This paper introduces a new technique for improving the quality of ECG using multi scale quantitive recurrence analysis (QRA) for feature extraction and decision tree classifier. The approach achieved classification accuracy of 92.4%, when tested on a dataset from the Computing in cardiology/PhysioNet Challenge 2011.
Do different doses of acupuncture matter on autonomic nervous activity and symptom management in dysmenorrhea? A randomized controlled trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The study examined whether the acupuncture dose (number of acupoints stimulated) impacted the efficacy of acupuncture on dysmenorrhea and the relationship with autonomic nervous system regulation.Methods This three-arm randomized controlled study included a high-dose acupuncture (12 acupoints, N = 23), low-dose acupuncture (6 acupoints, N = 30) and control (N = 30) arm. The treatment course was three months. We set heart rate variation (HRV) and analgesics dependence as the primary outcome measurements; Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System (VMSS) and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) quality of life questionnaires were set as secondary outcomes. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis.Results Low-dose acupuncture was superior to high-dose in analgesics dependence (p value: low/high/control: p = 0.043/p = 0.056/p = 0.376); symptom relief (VMSS: low/high/control: p < 0.001/p = 0.007/p = 0.109); and physical quality of life (low/high/control: p < 0.001/p = 0.01/p = 0.007). The groups did not differ in HRV parameters (p > 0.05). In intergroup analysis, more significant changes were noted in the high-dose than in the low-dose group. The scattered nature of the significant changes implies that acupuncture may have a short-term effect on HRV parameters which does not correlate with the acupuncture dose.Conclusions Acupuncture can effectively treat dysmenorrheal pain, improve symptoms and reduce analgesic dependence, but the effect does not correlate with the number of acupoints stimulated. The acupuncture has short-term effect on HRV; yet whether its efficacy on dysmenorrhea is directly related to adjusting the autonomic nervous system may need more large-scale study. It is a safe and effective alternative therapy for dysmenorrhea.Trial: The Efficacy of Different Doses of Acupuncture in Dysmenorrhea, NCT03881319 at ClinicalTrials.gov,
Health Communication Campaign Through Social Media (Descriptive Study of Social Media Network Users at Pasundan University in Dealing with the Covid-19 Pandemic)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The fact that the importance of maintaining health and complying with health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic has been continuously echoed by the University of Pasudan, including via Instagram univ_pasundan, this is one form of the Health Communication campaign, where the University of Pasundan cares about and cares about the pandemic situation Covid-19 is happening in this country. The purpose of this study was to determine the form, content and targets and objectives of the health communication campaign, using a qualitative descriptive study method using the univ_pasundan Instagram social media network. The data collection techniques in this study were observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. This research data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model. The results of this study indicate that respondents from univ_pasundan's Instagram social media gave a positive response to the Health Communication Campaign regarding the Covid-19 pandemic. At the end of the research, the researcher provides input to further enrich the forms and content that are in great demand by followers or viewers, by making more varied video forms and more flexible content and reaching layers of society including the millennial generation
The role of non-cozonal twinning in the growth of fibrous silicon in strontium-modified Al-Si eutectic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In fibrous growth of impurity-modified Al-Si eutectic, growth flexibility is facilitated by an extremely high twin frequency in the silicon phase. At growth rates near 300 μm sec-1 twinning occurs on all four {1 1 1} twin planes and is restricted to first-order twins. Any pair of twins in a zone can promote TPRE growth in a direction and cozonal pairs of directions can combine to give an effective fibre axis, whereas growth from all four twin planes results in a fibre axis. The silicon fibres contain many twins which do not contribute in determining the fibre axis orientation at a given stage of growth. At lower growth rates the frequencies of different twin systems become unequal and fibre axis orientations can lie anywhere between and .
Risk management in the era of data-centric engineering

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Novel methods of data collection and analysis can enhance traditional risk management practices that rely on expert engineering judgment and established safety records, specifically when key conditions are met: Analysis is linked to the decisions it is intended to support, standards and competencies remain up to date, and assurance and verification activities are performed. This article elaborates on these conditions. The reason engineers are required to perform calculations is to support decision-making. Since humans are famously weak natural statisticians, rather than ask stakeholders to implicitly assimilate data, and arrive at a decision, we can instead rely on subject matter experts to explicitly define risk management decision problems. The results of engineering calculation can then also communicate which interventions (if any) are considered to be risk-optimal. It is also proposed that the next generation of engineering standards should learn from the success of open source software development in community building. Interacting with open datasets and code can promote engagement, identification (and resolution) of errors, training and ultimately competence. Finally, the profession’s tradition of independent verification should also be applied to the complex models that will increasingly contribute to the safety of the built environment. Model assurance will be required to keep pace with model development to identify suitable use cases as adequately safe. These are considered to be increasingly important components in ensuring that methods of data-centric engineering can be safely and appropriately adopted in industry.
Investigation of the usefulness of collagen peptide in intramyocardial injection of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Injecting human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes directly into the heart muscle holds promise as a treatment for heart failure. Achieving better engraftment is crucial for maximizing therapeutic effectiveness. Collagen peptide (CP) is a form of hydrolyzed gelatin known for its resistance to solidification. By adjusting its concentration, the viscosity of CP can be easily managed, potentially influencing the retention and engraftment efficiency of transplanted cells. Purpose We investigated the impact of different CP concentrations as a solvent for intramyocardial injection of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Methods Initially, we examined the leakage of CP solution from the injection site using chicken meat and ex vivo rat heart. Subsequently, an in vivo experiment was conducted using beating rat myocardium injected with CP solution and Indian ink to assess CP diffusion in dynamic heart tissue. Finally, we performed intramyocardial injections of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes onto a myocardial infarction model in immunosuppressed rats (1.0×107 cells/rat), followed by echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function four weeks post-transplantation (N=3-6). Results There was less leakage from the injection site at lower CP concentration (10%) compared to higher concentration (20%), particularly in chicken or ex vivo rat heart tissue under static, non-beating conditions (chicken; 10% vs. 20% CP: 3.2±0.7% vs. 11.6±0.8%, P=0.01 / rat heart; 1.5±0.9% vs. 6.8±1.1%, P=0.0072). However, when examining fluid leakage from the cross-section of ex vivo rat hearts, we observed significantly higher leakage, regardless of CP concentration (10% CP: 45.7±2.7%, 20% CP: 59.1±8.1%), suggesting that CP diffusion within myocardial tissues had a greater influence on local retention than leakage from the injection site. Subsequently, in an experiment using beating rat myocardium and Indian ink, we observed significant suppression of diffusion in tissues treated with CP solution, with the 20% concentration showing a tendency to remain at the injection site (0% CP: 24.5±6.2 mm2, 10% CP: 6.9±7.1 mm2, 20% CP: 10.6±3.3 mm2, P=0.005). This indicates that 20% CP, rather than 10% CP, may be more suitable for local retention in tissues experiencing intra-tissue pressure, such as the beating myocardium. Finally, in vivo experiment using a myocardial infarction model of rat, there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) when cardiomyocytes were transplanted with 10% CP (0％ CP: 56.1±8.9%, 10%CP: 61.9±5.2%, P=0.92). However, there was a trend towards improved LVEF with the 20% CP solution (0% CP: 56.1±8.9%, 20%CP: 68.8±7.9%, P=0.13), Conclusion Twenty-percent CP may be more beneficial for treating myocardial ischemia due to enhanced retention and engraftment of transplanted cardiomyocytes.
Standard Fuzzy Model Identification using Gradient Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identification of unknown system by training the parameters adaptively using different fuzzy models has been proven an interesting research area over last few decades. The objective of this paper is to identify a standard fuzzy system using different gradient methods and discuss their characteristics. Approach of this work is to calculate the gradient of the appropriate cost function to minimize the error by updating the parameters and estimate the system perfectly. Results of these methods are compared on the basis of best approximation and fast convergence.
Z-Spec: a broadband millimeter-wave grating spectrometer: design, construction, and first cryogenic measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the design, integration, and first ryogenic testing of our new broad-band millimeter-wave spectrometer, Z-Spec. Z-Spec uses a novel architecture called WaFIRS (Waveguide Far-IR Spectrometer), which employs a curved diffraction grating in a parallel-plate waveguide propagation medium. The instrument will provide a resolving power betwee 200 and 350 across an instantaneous bandwidth of 190-310 GHz, all packaged within a cryostat that is of order 1 meter in size. For background-limited astronomical observations in the 1mm terrestrial window, Z-Spec uses 160 silicon nitride micro-mesh bolometers and the detectors and waveguide grating are cooled to ~0.1 K. Our first cryogenic measurements at 225 GHz show resolving power greater than 200, and the end-to-end throughput is estimated to be greater than 30%, possibly as high as 40%. Z-Spec represents the first systematic approach to cosmological redshift measurement that is not based on optical or near-IR identifications. With its good sensitivity and large bandwidth, Z-Spec provides a new capability for millimeter-wave astrophysics. The instrument will be capable of measureing rotational carbon monoxide line emission from bright dusty galaxies at redshifts of up to 4, and the broad bandwidth insures that at least two lines will be simultaneously detected, providing an unambiguous redshift determination. In addition to Z-Spec's observations over the next 1-3 years, the WaFIRS spectrometer architecture makes an excellent candidate for mid-IR to millimeter-wave spectrometers on future space-borned and suborbital platforms such as SPICA and SAFIR. The concept is dramatically more compact and lightweight than conventional free-space grating spectrometers, and no mirrors or lenses are used in the instrument. After the progress report on Z-Spec we highlight this capability.
Synthesis of Aluminium Nitride by Direct Nitridation of Molten Al-Mg-Si Alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of fabricating AIN was demonstrated. The effects of additives and nitridation temperature on the behavior in direct nitridation of molten Al-Si-Mg alloys were investigated. The experiments were carried out at different temperatures under high pure nitrogen atmosphere. The main role of additive elements, and the nitridation process of molten aluminium alloys were also discussed on the base of thermodynamic analysis. Moreover, the effects of temperature and additives in raw alloys on the nitridation rate were investigated by TG experiments.
Development and Validation of the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports (MCSYS) provides an age-appropriate measure of coach-initiated motivational climates in youth sports. Items have a readability level of grade 4.0 or below. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that both child and adolescent athletes (ages 9–14) discriminate between mastery- and ego-involving coaching behaviors. The MCSYS demonstrated acceptable reliability and strong factorial validity. Construct validity research yielded predicted relations within a nomological net that included athletes’ achievement goal orientations, competitive trait anxiety, sport enjoyment and coach evaluations, intrinsic motivation, and self-esteem. In both white middle-class and low income minority samples, the mastery and ego subscales also proved sensitive to a coach intervention designed to promote the establishment of a mastery climate and a reduction of ego climate behaviors. We discuss use of the scale to, measure motivational climate at individual and team levels and the desirability of multi-level statistical analyses of climate data.
Bacteria associated with vascular wilt of poplar

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

In 2017, the 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. Leaves appeared smaller, turned yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died. Bark was sunken and discolored, often loosened and split. Trunks decayed from the base. Phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten per cent of trees died in 1–2 months. None of these symptoms was typical for known poplar diseases. Bacteria in soil and the necrotic base of poplar trunk were analysed with Illumina sequencing. Soil and wood were colonized by at least 615 and 249 taxa. The majority of bacteria were common to soil and wood. The most common taxa in soil were: Acidobacteria (14.757%), Actinobacteria (14.583%), Proteobacteria (36.872) with Betaproteobacteria (6.516%), Burkholderiales (6.102%), Comamonadaceae (2.786%), and Verrucomicrobia (5.307%).The most common taxa in wood were: Bacteroidetes (22.722%) including Chryseobacterium (5.074%), Flavobacteriales (10.873%), Sphingobacteriales (9.396%) with Pedobacter cryoconitis (7.306%), Proteobacteria (73.785%) with Enterobacteriales (33.247%) including Serratia (15.303%) and Sodalis (6.524%), Pseudomonadales (9.829%) including Pseudomonas (9.017%), Rhizobiales (6.826%), Sphingomonadales (5.646%), and Xanthomonadales (11.194%). Possible pathogens were Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Xanthomonas. The initially endophytic character of bacteria is emphasized. Soil and possibly planting material might be the sources of pathogen inoculum.
Optical PAM-4 generation through polarization multiplexing in single-polarization single-mode VCSELs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

PAM-4 modulation is considered a key enabler for scaling capacity in datacenter networks, due to its bandwidth efficiency and implementation simplicity. We propose a novel technique for optical generation of four-level signals by means of polarization multiplexing, leveraging the single-polarization operation of a double-mesa single-mode VCSEL with 20.5 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. The scheme obviates the need for linear electronic drivers and circumvents the requirement for driving the VCSEL in its linear regime. Experimental results verify the scheme, exhibiting BER within FEC standards at 28 Gb/s. Comparison with an electrical PAM-4 modulated VCSEL demonstrates superior performance of the proposed concept.
New nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory molecules with reduced photodegradation side effects and enhanced COX‐2 selectivity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory agents. However, they are also associated with a range of side effects, from phototoxicity due to excited state induced decarboxylation to severe conditions in the gastrointestinal tract caused by inhibition of the COX‐1 isoform of the target cyclooxygenase enzyme. In the current work, new derivatives of the three NSAIDs ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen were designed. Their photochemistry was explored using hybrid‐density functional theory (B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p)) and time‐dependent (TD) DFT, showing that the compounds will have significantly reduced propensity to decarboxylate from the first excited triplet state. In addition, docking studies were carried out for these new molecules to explore their activity and selectivity toward the two isoforms of the COX enzyme. The results show that most compounds have increased activity toward the COX enzymes, and in general are more selective toward the COX‐2 target isoform. The results from this study suggest that the new modified molecules could be used in the future as NSAIDs with considerably reduced side effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011