jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
S100A11/ANXA2 belongs to a tumour suppressor/oncogene network deregulated early with steatosis and involved in inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development occurs with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the absence of cirrhosis and with an increasing incidence due to the obesity pandemic. Mutations of tumour suppressor (TS) genes and oncogenes (ONC) have been widely characterised in HCC. However, mounting evidence indicates that non-genomic alterations of TS/ONC occur early with NAFLD, thereby potentially promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in an inflammatory/fibrotic context. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise these alterations. Design The proteome of steatotic liver tissues from mice spontaneously developing HCC was analysed. Alterations of TSs/ONCs were further investigated in various mouse models of NAFLD/HCC and in human samples. The inflammatory, fibrogenic and oncogenic functions of S100A11 were assessed through in vivo, in vitro and ex-vivo analyses. Results A whole set of TSs/ONCs, respectively, downregulated or upregulated was uncovered in mice and human with NAFLD. Alterations of these TSs/ONCs were preserved or even exacerbated in HCC. Among them, overexpression of S100A11 was associated with high-grade HCC and poor prognosis. S100A11 downregulation in vivo significantly restrains the development of inflammation and fibrosis in mice fed a choline/methionine-deficient diet. Finally, in vitro and ex-vivo analyses revealed that S100A11 is a marker of hepatocyte de-differentiation, secreted by cancer cells, and promoting cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion Cellular stress associated with NAFLD triggers non-genomic alterations of a whole network of TSs/ONCs fostering hepatocarcinogenesis. Among those, overexpression of the oncogenic factor S100A11 promotes inflammation/fibrosis in vivo and is significantly associated with high-grade HCC with poor prognosis.
Comparative Study between Alvarado Score and Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The appendix is a worm like extension of caecum and for this reason has been called "vermiform appendix". Appendicitis may occur due to several reasons, such as an infection of the appendix, but the most important is the obstruction of appendiceal lumen. Acute appendicitis has remained the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen in all ages and of course, a common disease in surgical practice. The usual picture of appendicitis is often not classical, leaving in many cases a diagnostic problem. In patients with questionable findings, the aggressive surgical approach has been "when in doubt, take it out, "and the price paid is the frequent removal of normal appendix.
Integrating Learning Curves in Probabilistic Well-Construction Estimates

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Summary For multiple-well drilling and completion campaigns, cost and schedule performance tend to improve over time. This trend in improvement is commonly referred to as a "learning curve." When a learning curve is anticipated, the campaign cost and schedule estimates may be reduced dramatically relative to an assumption of constant performance. That is, ignoring the learning curve will lead to overly pessimistic estimates. While learning curves can be observed in campaigns of various lengths and complexity, they are typically most important in large campaigns where the majority of wells are drilled after a significant portion of the learning has occurred. Conversely, they may not be appropriate in short campaigns where there is a limited time to implement learnings, or in campaigns with highly idiosyncratic wells where learning does not necessarily translate across projects. Many operators consider the use of learning curves a best practice and provide procedures for estimation and implementation in their cost-estimating guidelines. In cases where comparison projects exist, estimating a learning curve for a prospective project can be achieved with some certainty. This form of deterministic learning is a well-established topic in the drilling-engineering literature and in practice. However, in cases where the sample of comparison projects is small, there may be significant uncertainty in the rate and magnitude of learning over time, and some form of probabilistic learning is more appropriate. This form of learning is not well established in the literature or in practice. This paper investigates methods for systematic integration of learning curves in probabilistic estimates. Brief reviews of probabilistic estimating methods and learning curves are provided. A general method and specific procedures for integrating learning curves in probabilistic estimates are then provided. For each method, the key assumptions are itemized and discussed and a demonstration is provided. While no single procedure will fit every situation, it is concluded that the general method is straightforward, transparent, and can be implemented using off-the-shelf spreadsheet software. The proposed procedures generate results that provide engineers and decision makers with a refined representation of uncertainty and can improve capital-investment valuation and decision making.
Legal Comparison of Land Bank in Indonesia and the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Land is a basic human need that becomes a strategic capital for life. Today, Indonesia has a lot of agendas with agrarian reform. The question of land will never end. With the pattern of land acquisition for development in the public interest along with other land problems, a new body was presented. This body is known as the Land Bank. Land Bank is a special agency (sui generis) which is an Indonesian legal entity established by the central government that is given special authority to manage land. The purpose of the land bank is to create a just economy. As a country of law, there are legals that binding on the subject of land banks. Which legal hierarchy about the land bank. Then this land bank is a new one in Indonesia. Certainly a lot to learn and evaluate the performance of the Land bank agency. The new land bank was established in 2021. Therefore, it is felt to help manage the land bank of Indonesia by making comparisons with other countries, namely the United States. Then the formulation of the problem to be discussed is : (1) How is the arrangement of the establishment of land bank in Indonesia? (2) What are the similarities and differences between land banks in Indonesia and the United States?. Research methods in writing this thesis using the type of normative juridical research, meaning that the problems raised, discussed and described in this study focused on applying the rules or norms in positive law. Approach the problem using the legal approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach to legal materials consisting of primary legal materials, secondary and non-legal materials. The results of this thesis research, first, the regulation of land banks in Indonesia is regulated in the Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945, UUPA, land procurement law for development for the public interest, job creation law, Government Regulation Number 64 of 2021 on Land Bank, Presidential Regulation Number 113 of 2021 on the structure and Organization of Land Bank. Second, the comparison between land banks in Indonesia and the United States certainly has similarities and differences. The equation is in terms of centralized regulation and the location of the land bank. Differences with the United States lie in regulations, types of land banks, parties to land banks, mechanisms for organizing land banks, and objectives.
Characterizing Drug–Polymer Interactions in Aqueous Solution with Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We present a new approach for characterizing drug-polymer interactions in aqueous media, using sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). We investigated the potential interaction of ketoconazole (KTZ), a poorly water-soluble drug, with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus) in aqueous buffers. The effect of the polymer on the sedimentation coefficient of the drug was the observable metric. The drug alone, when subjected to AUC, exhibited a very narrow sedimentation peak at 0.2 Svedberg (S), in agreement with the expectation for a monomeric drug with a molar mass < 1000 Dalton. Conversely, the neat polymers showed broad profiles with higher sedimentation coefficients, reflecting their larger more heterogeneous size distributions. The sedimentation profiles of the drug-polymer mixtures were expectedly different from the profile of the neat drug. With KTZ-Soluplus, a complete shift to faster sedimentation times (indicative of an interaction) was observed, while with KTZ-PAA, a split peak indicated the existence of the drug in both free and interacting states. The sedimentation profile of carbamazepine, a second model drug, in the presence of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS, another polymer) revealed multiple "populations" of drug-polymer species, very similar to the sedimentation profile of neat HPMCAS. The interactions probed by AUC were compared with the results from isothermal titration calorimetry. In vitro dissolution tests performed on amorphous solid dispersions prepared with the same drug-polymer pairs suggested that the interactions may play a role in prolonging drug supersaturation. The results show the possibility of characterizing drug-polymer interactions in aqueous solution with high hydrodynamic resolution, addressing a major challenge frequently encountered in the mechanistic investigations of the dissolution behavior of amorphous solid dispersions.
Visual product search system for mobile commerce

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual Product Search System in Mobile Commerce consists of the mobile-side application for customer users to scan as well as to search and the web-side application for service subscribers to create and manage the product database. In the mobile-side, the application performs search through image recognition and matching. After clients query a search, the query image will be extracted to some meaningful descriptors by the SIFT algorithm which will be used for matching after then. For image matching, the BoW (Bag of Words) methodology is used. This method is used to generate a large codebook, which is called vocabulary tree by k-means clustering. All the descriptors coming in will go through this vocabulary tree and the highest scored images will be the candidates returned. Geometric verification is used after this featuring matching to find the mostly matched result from the candidates generated above. Image and corresponding information will be retrieved from database and server to be returned back to clients according to the mostly matched result. In the web-side, the application works as a platform of the database system management for the service subscribers which means those business runners. In this project, the enhanced web application allows users from different business fields to execute the management. By using forms in the web site, the clients can define the unique attributes of their products to create their own product tables. By using the uploading and updating functionalities, the clients can upload and update both single and multiple incremental images and related information into database and server. For every business runner, the database can work especially for them to store their data. By integration, the whole visual product search system in mobile commerce is a multi-domain, robust and efficient system for both the customers who can get more interested information by using the mobile application and the subscribers who can manage the database to run a better business by using the web application. The realistic tests proved the efficiency and 100% accuracy of this system. The results verified the capabilities of all functionalities of the web application and the whole system.
Microscopic Analysis of Inherent Void Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The presence of voids in perovskite solar cells influences the efficiency because of accelerated charge recombination. The induced electric field near voids due to band bending attracts photogenerated electrons and holes toward the voids, leading to carrier recombination. However, if the surface of the voids is coated by materials with a band gap higher than that of the perovskite layer, the strong electric field induced near the voids in the opposite way prevents carriers from recombining. We identified voids in the perovskite layer by using an electron beam-induced current technique and found the influence of field-assisted passivation by organic materials on the efficiency of the solar cell.
Reducing the Burden of Prematurity – The Obstetric Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Sri Lanka Journal of Perinatal Medicine (SLJPM) was launched in 2019 as the official journal of the Perinatal Society of Sri Lanka. This journal is unique in the fact that it brings together three core specialties of perinatal medicine - obstetrics, neonatology and community medicine. It is an open access peer reviewed journal containing original research articles, expert reviews, current practices and other articles of interest to all involved in perinatal medicine.
Vascular inflammation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease shown on coronary computed tomography angiography attenuation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased plaque burden in coronary artery disease (CAD), but the role of vascular inflammation in this relationship is unclear. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) enables surrogate assessment of systemic inflammation via subcutaneous adipose tissue attenuation (ScAT-a), and of coronary inflammation via epicardial adipose tissue volume and attenuation (EAT-v and EAT-a) and pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT-a). Purpose To investigate whether vascular inflammation is increased in patients with severe OSA and high plaque burden. Methods Patients with clinically indicated polysomnography and coronary CTA were included. Severe OSA was classified as apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) &gt;30. High plaque burden was defined as a CT-Leaman score (CT-LeSc) &gt;8.3. Patients with both severe OSA and high plaque burden were defined as ‘Group 1’, all other patients were classified as ‘Group 2’. ScAT-a, EAT-a, EAT-v and PCAT-a were assessed on semi-automated software. Results A total of 91 patients were studied (59.3 ± 11.1 years). Severe OSA was associated with high plaque burden (p = 0.02). AHI correlated with CT-LeSc (r = 0.24, p = 0.023). Group 1 had lower EAT-a and PCAT-a compared to Group 2 (EAT-a: -87.6 vs. -84.0 HU, p = 0.01; PCAT-a: -90.4 vs. -83.4 HU, p &lt; 0.01). However, among patients without high plaque burden, EAT-a was increased in patients with severe OSA versus mild-moderate OSA (-80.3 vs. -84.0 HU, p = 0.020). On multivariable analysis, EAT-a independently associated with severe OSA and high plaque burden (p &lt; 0.02), and PCAT-a associated with severe OSA and high plaque burden, and hypertension (all p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions EAT attenuation is decreased in patients with severe OSA and high plaque burden but increased in patients with severe OSA and low plaque burden. These divergent results suggest coronary inflammation may be increased in OSA independent of CAD, but larger studies are required to validate these findings.
Melanoma Explorer: a web application to allow easy reanalysis of publicly available and clinically annotated melanoma omics data sets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Validating newly discovered biomarkers in large, publicly available data sets is often difficult and requires specialized computer programming skills. Melanoma Explorer is a web application that enables easy interrogation of melanoma omics data sets that are freely available in online data repositories with a point-and-click interface. Two use cases are demonstrated. First, the relationship of lysozyme mRNA expression is shown to be prognostic in two independent gene expression microarray data sets. Second, a figure from a journal article showing the relationship of tumour thickness and miR-382 abundance is reproduced. Melanoma Explorer is demonstrated to be a useful tool for reproducing results of published studies and providing additional evidence for biomarkers in independent data sets.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Tumor Apoptotic Bodies Inhibit CTL Responses and Antitumor Immunity via Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inducing CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Anergy and CD4<sup>+</sup> Tr1 Cell Responses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Figure Legend from Tumor Apoptotic Bodies Inhibit CTL Responses and Antitumor Immunity via Membrane-Bound Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inducing CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Anergy and CD4<sup>+</sup> Tr1 Cell Responses
The Department of Surgery of the University of Alberta: The First Half Century, 1922-1975 Robert A. Macbeth

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.
Precise dispersion equations of absorbing filter glasses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The refractive indices versus wavelength of optical transparent glasses are measured at a few wavelengths only. In order to calculate the refractive index at any wavelength, a so-called Sellmeier series is used as an approximation of the wavelength dependent refractive index. Such a Sellmeier representation assumes an absorbing free (= loss less) material. In optical transparent glasses this assumption is valid since the absorption of such transparent glasses is very low. However, optical filter glasses have often a rather high absorbance in certain regions of the spectrum. The exact description of the wavelength dependent function of the refractive index is essential for an optimized design for sophisticated optical applications. Digital cameras use an IR cut filter to ensure good color rendition and image quality. In order to reduce ghost images by reflections and to be nearly angle independent absorbing filter glass is used, e.g. blue glass BG60 from SCHOTT. Nowadays digital cameras improve their performance and so the IR cut filter needs to be improved and thus the accurate knowledge of the refractive index (dispersion) of the used glasses must be known. But absorbing filter glass is not loss less as needed for a Sellmeier representation. In addition it is very difficult to measure it in the absorption region of the filter glass. We have focused a lot of effort on measuring the refractive index at specific wavelength for absorbing filter glass – even in the absorption region. It will be described how to do such a measurement. In addition we estimate the use of a Sellmeier representation for filter glasses. It turns out that in most cases a Sellmeier representation can be used even for absorbing filter glasses. Finally Sellmeier coefficients for the approximation of the refractive index will be given for different filter glasses.
Human babesiosis in the United States: a review with emphasis on its tick vector

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Babesia. In the United States, the most commonly identified pathogen for human infections is Babesia microti which is transmitted principally by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. This article reviews epidemiological aspects of the disease with focus on its tick vector and transmission risk. Clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease are also briefly discussed.
Credit multiplier of Singapore

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We derived a formula for the credit multiplier of Singapore afterwhich we calculated their actual figures according to the formula for the period between 1986 to 1998.This is followed by trend and correlation analyses of the multiplier and its parameter for the pre-crisis and the crisis period.Lastly,we came up with a model to determine what other variables affect the multiplier.
WSMS: Wearable Stress Monitoring System Based on IoT Multi-Sensor Platform for Living Sheep Transportation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Farming herdsmen, sheep dealers, and veterinarians are increasingly interested in continuously monitoring sheep basic physiological characteristics (such as the heart rate and skin temperature) outside the laboratory environment, with the aim of identifying the physiological links between stress, uncomfortable, excitement, and other pathological states. This paper proposes a non-invasive Wearable Stress Monitoring System (WSMS) with PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG), Infrared Temperature Measurement (ITM), and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) that aimed to remotely and continuously monitor the stress signs of sheep during transportation. The purpose of this study was implemented by following the multi-dimensional sensing platform to identify more pressure information. The designed WSMS showed sufficient robustness in recording and transmitting sensing data of physiology and environment during transport. The non-contact and non-destructive monitoring method that was proposed in this paper was helpful in minimizing the effects of sheep stress load.
Amplification of genes for chorion proteins during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endochorion and exochorion of Drosophila eggs are synthesized by the ovarian follicle cells during a brief period of about 5 hr. In this terminal phase of egg chamber development, the structural genes for several abundant chorion proteins are expressed at high levels according to a temporally regulated program. The female-sterile mutation ocelliless maps at the site of the genes for two of these proteins, the 36,000- and 38,000-dalton chorion proteins (c36 and c38), which are closely linked. The mutation results in a cis -acting reduction in the amounts of c36 and c38 that accumulate in late-stage egg chambers. We have investigated the mechanism that underlies this decreased production by using cDNA clones complementary to these gene sequences. Unexpectedly, it was found that, in normal females, the genes for c36, c38, and at least one other chorion protein are specifically amplified more than 10-fold in the DNA of late-stage egg chambers. The extra replication involves at least some adjacent chromosomal sequences and begins prior to the onset of mRNA and protein synthesis. The additional DNA remains stable after gene expression has ceased. The behavior of these genes is thus reminiscent of the properties of the DNA puffs that have been described in several groups of Diptera. The extent of amplification of c36 and c38, but not of the 18,000-dalton chorion protein c18 (which is unlinked), was decreased in the egg chambers of flies homozygous for ocelliless , suggesting that altered gene dosage may be responsible for the decreased synthesis of chorion proteins in the mutant.