jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neutralization dynamics of slow highly charged ions passing through graphene nanoflakes: An embedding self‐energy approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study the time‐dependent neutralization of a slow highly charged ion that penetrates a hexagonal hollow‐centred graphene nanoflake. To compute the ultrafast charge transfer dynamics, we apply an effective Hubbard nanocluster model and use the method of nonequilibrium Green functions in conjunction with an embedding self‐energy scheme, which allows one to follow the temporal changes of the number of electrons in the nanoflake. We perform extensive simulations of the charge transfer dynamics for a broad range of ion charge states and impact velocities. The results are used to put forward a simple semi‐analytical model of the neutralization dynamics that is in very good agreement with transmission experiments, in which highly charged xenon ions pass through sheets of single‐layer graphene.
Comparative analyses of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks on incorporating tetracaine into liposomes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study evaluated the incorporation of tetracaine into liposomes by RSM (Response Surface Methodology) and ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) based models. RCCD (rotational central composite design) and ANN were performed to optimize the sonication conditions of particles containing 100 % lipid. Laser light scattering was used to perform measure hydrodynamic radius and size distribution of vesicles. The liposomal formulations were analyzed by incorporating the drug into the hydrophilic phase or the lipophilic phase. RCCD and ANN were conducted, having the lipid/cholesterol ratio and concentration of tetracaine as variables investigated and, the encapsulation efficiency and mean diameter of the vesicles as response variables. The optimum sonication condition set at a power of 16 kHz and 3 minutes, resulting in sizes smaller than 800 nm. Maximum encapsulation efficiency (39.7 %) was obtained in the hydrophilic phase to a tetracaine concentration of 8.37 mg/mL and 79.5:20.5% lipid/cholesterol ratio. Liposomes were stable for about 30 days (at 4 ºC), and the drug encapsulation efficiency was higher in the hydrophilic phase. The experimental results of RCCD-RSM and ANN techniques show ANN obtained more refined prediction errors that RCCD-RSM technique, therefore, ANN can be considered as an efficient mathematical method to characterize the incorporation of tetracaine into liposomes.
Decision making by manager in contractor's organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There are many parties who were involved in the construction industry in Malaysia. Each party has their roles and responsibilities in ensuring that the projects completes on time, within the budget and the required quality. The parties have to make many decisions during the pre-tender stage, construction stage and commissioning stage. One of the main players in the construction industry is the contractors. Therefore, this study evaluates the decision made by managers at different levels in the contractors’ organization. The objectives of the study are to study the decision making process in the contractors’ organization, to investigate the types of decision made by the contractor, to evaluate the techniques of decision making in the contractors’ organization and to identify the problems faced by contractor’s in decision making. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed but only 24 questionnaires were received duly answered. Interviews were also conducted on the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using statistical analysis and average index. From the finding, the decision making process involves 8 basic steps of which are definition of problem, determining the requirements that the solution to the problem must meet, establish goals that solving the problem should accomplish, identifying alternatives that will solve the problem, develop evaluation criteria based on the goals, select an effective decision-making tool, apply the tool to select a preferred alternative and check the answer to make sure it solves the problem. The techniques of decision making are brain storming, devil advocacy, Delphi technique and decision tree analysis. The problems faced by the contractor in decision making are financial constraint, lack of information and so on.
[Dryness-alleviating effect of processed Aurantii Fructus from Lingnan based on correlation of fecal metabolomics and dryness].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

With the approach of untargeted metabolomics and correlation analysis, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of Aurantii Fructus from Lingnan region in alleviating dryness by analyzing the different effects of raw Aurantii Fructus(RAF) and processed Aurantii Fructus(PAF) on fecal endogenous metabolism in normal rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group(C), an RAF group(10 g·kg~(-1)), and a PAF group(10 g·kg~(-1)). After seven days of administration, the effects of RAF and PAF on dryness-related indexes were compared, including water intake, fecal water content, salivary secretion, the expression of AQP5, VIP, and 5-HT in the submandibular gland, as well as the expression of AQP3, VIP, and 5-HT in the colon. The fecal samples in each group were determined by LC-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for screening the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in alleviating dryness of RAF. The results indicated that both RAF and PAF showed certain dryness, and the dryness of RAF was more significant. Moreover, PAF could alleviate dryness of RAF to a certain extent by reducing the water intake, fecal water content, and the expression of AQP3, VIP, and 5-HT in the colon and increasing the salivary secretion and the levels of AQP5, VIP, and 5-HT in the submandibular gland. According to the analysis of fecal metabolomics, 99 and 58 metabolites related to dryness were found in RAF and PAF respectively, where 16 of them played an important role in alleviating dryness of RAF. Pathway analysis revealed that the mechanism of PAF in alleviating dryness of RAF was presumably related to the regulation of riboflavin metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, alanine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and retinol metabolism pathways. This study suggested that PAF might alleviate dryness of RAF by affecting the metabolic levels of the body, which provides a new basis for further clarifying the processing mechanism of PAF.
CYSTEINE PROTEINASE ACTIVITY IN JUMBO SQUID (DOSIDICUS GIGAS) HEPATOPANCREAS EXTRACTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Jumbo squid specimens were captured, dissected, and the hepatopancreas was freeze dried for the extraction of proteolytic enzymes. An autolysis experiment conducted at 25C showed two peaks with maximum proteolysis at pH 3 and 5. The proteinase activity of the extract was measured using azocasein, BANA, Z-PAAFC and Z-AAAFC substrates. Activity of the extract with azocasein (pH 5) had a maximum at 55C and increased threefold with the inclusion of cysteine or DTT. The proteinase activity remained at least at 60% of the original after 45 h at 4C in the pH range of 3–8. Activity was inhibited 70–85% when extracts were treated with cysteine proteinase specific inhibitors. The proteinases extracted from jumbo squid hepatopancreas are mainly of the cysteine type and have significant activity towards a cathepsin L specific substrate. The understanding of proteinases from this tissue could have implications for quality control of jumbo squid food products.
Peroxidation of Body Fat in Vitamin E Deflciency

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary. Chicks fed vitamin E deficient diets containing 5 per cent cod liver oil developed peroxides in the adipose tissue during the period in which the known symptoms of exudation, and particularly brown coloration of the same tissue occurred. The relation between the peroxidation and the symptoms is discussed. Subcutaneous injection of 0.3 ml of cod liver oil with a peroxide value of 16 to chicks receiving a normal diet, resulted in very marked peroxidation at the site of injection accompanied by a progressive deposition of yellow to brown fibrous material. This local peroxidation was not prevented by the incorporation of 2.4 mg of free natural alpha‐tocopherols in the injected oil. Rats reared on vitamin E deficient diets containing 20 per cent cod liver oil from weaning developed peroxides in the adipose tissue preceding the visible yellow‐brown coloration which appeared first in the paraepididymal fat, then in the intraperitoneal, and finally in the subcutaneous fat. When females together with their offspring were given the same diet from the time of delivery, the symptoms in the young developed earlier than in weanling rats and were more marked. The yellow‐brown color of the adipose tissue is due to two substances, one of which is extractable with fat solvents, while the other, which occurs in larger quantity, is soluble in dilute alkali. A further, preliminary, characterization of this latter substance is given. Vitamin E has no influence on the lowering of hemoglobin caused by feeding high cod liver oil diets to young rats.
Drawing and poster as reflection of common stylistic concepts in constructivism and pop art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Constructivism and Pop Art are art movements of 20th century, which concepts and works had brought revolutionary changes in the world of art and society. They had arised in a time of great social and political restlessness in which the artists got the idea to became more socialy active through art. Constructivism began in 1915. His memebers based in Russia had realised that art must have had a much more important role, above aesthetics. Within the definition of Russia's socioeconomic circumstances of that time, including the Russian Revolution and New Economic Policy (1921) that strongly affected the Russian capitalist society, I will present the creative pair V. Mayakovsky and A. Rodchenko. Their works and posters contain sublime critique on the capitalist society. Pop Art appeared in Britain and the United States in the mid-1950s. His memebers had been observing the social changes made by consumerism and the media. I will define the US social circumstances that affected the development of Pop Art and present four Pop Art artists whose works marked the art movemen. A lot of their works were made like posters or addvertisements, including mass media culture elements such as images from magazines, adverts and other media. \nThe answers on my research questions are shown through my art posters in which I combined stylistic concepts of Constructivism and Pop Art. \n
Eartquake Vulnerability Level of Reconstructed Houses, Lesson Learned after Ten Years Java Eartquake 2006

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ten years after devastating earthquake May 27 th, 2006, housing reconstruction in the affected area has been done and development is still undergoing. Since then, houses are constructed in various forms and quality. Unrestrained housing development contributes uncertain quality of the buildings in term of building safety. This study examines the level of earthquake vulnerability on the reconstruction houses in the area according to the structural firmness. The method used is by assessing the structural completeness, especially the upper part of building elements, synchronized by the five damages classification for grouping the building affected by the quake. This method is aimed to predict damage level for the future similar earthquake. The outcome of this study shows the level of earthquake vulnerability in the every sub-district. It does also compare the level of building safety differences
Predicting distances using a linear model: The case of varietal distinctness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Differences between plant varieties are based on phenotypic observations, which are both space and time consuming. Moreover, the phenotypic data result from the combined effects of genotype and environment. On the contrary, molecular data are easier to obtain and give a direct access to the genotype. In order to save experimental trials and to concentrate efforts on the relevant comparisons between varieties, the relationship between phenotypic and genetic distances is studied. It appears that the classical genetic distances based on molecular data are not appropriate for predicting phenotypic distances. In the linear model framework, we define a new pseudo genetic distance, which is a prediction of the phenotypic one. The distribution of this distance given the pseudo genetic distance is established. Statistical properties of the predicted distance are derived when the parameters of the model are either given or estimated. We finally apply these results to distinguishing between 144 maize lines. This case study is very satisfactory because the use of anonymous molecular markers (RFLP) leads to saving 29% of the trials with an acceptable error risk. These results need to be confirmed on other varieties and species and would certainly be improved by using genes coding for phenotypic traits.
Design of Process Evaluation within the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Process evaluation complements outcome evaluation by providing data to describe how a program was implemented, how well the activities delivered fit the original design, to whom services were delivered, the extent to which the target population was reached, and factors external to the program that may compete with the program effects. The process evaluation system used in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) is presented in this paper. The conceptual model underlying the CATCH process evaluation system is described, and process measures and data collection protocols are reviewed. Functions of process evaluation data in the trial include: (1) describing the implementation of the program, (2) quality control and monitoring, and (3) explaining program effects. The importance of incorporating process evaluation into final outcome analyses and assessments of program impact is emphasized.
Reaching agreement over ontology alignments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. When agents communicate, they do not necessarily use the same vocabulary or ontology. For them to interact successfully, they must find correspondences (mappings) between the terms used in their respective ontologies. While many proposals for matching two agent ontologies have been presented in the literature, the resulting alignment may not be satisfactory to both agents, and thus may necessitate additional negotiation to identify a mutually agreeable set of correspondences. We propose an approach for supporting the creation and exchange of different arguments, that support or reject possible correspondences. Each agent can decide, according to its preferences, whether to accept or refuse a candidate correspondence. The proposed framework considers arguments and propositions that are specific to the matching task and are based on the ontology semantics. This argumentation framework relies on a formal argument manipulation schema and on an encoding of the agents ’ preferences between particular kinds of arguments. Whilst the former does not vary between agents, the latter depends on the interests of each agent. Thus, this approach distinguishes clearly between alignment rationales which are valid for all agents and those specific to a particular agent. 1
PREDICTORS OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT / PREDIKTORI SOCIJALNE PARTICIPACIJE DJECE SA CEREBRALNOM PARALIZOM U ŠKOLSKOM OKRUŽENJU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to allocate studies dealing with the identification of predictors and the definition of the importance, nature and extent of social participation of children with cerebral palsy in the school environment. A review of literature dealing with the subject will be carried out and the knowledge of the field systematized. The selected studies will be analyzed and the predictors and determinants of participation defined. Based on the analysis guidelines for the upgrade of social participation of children with cerebral palsy will be outlined and suggestions for the implementation of this knowledge in the practical work in inclusive terms given. The results suggest that there is a complex relation between disability, participation and school environment and that the predictors cannot be viewed as isolated entities but only as combined models of the interactive physical and cognitive-behavioral variables. The key steps in the professional intervention comprise the development of strategies that will enable children with cerebral palsy to take full advantage of the opportunities provided by daily school activities in terms of active social inclusion.Key words: social integration, disability, peers. -----SAŽETAKCilj rada je da se, revijalnim pregledom literature, izdvoje istraživanja koja su u svoj fokus postavila identificiranje prediktora i utvrđivanje značenja, prirode i obujma socijalne participacije djece s cerebralnom paralizom u školskom okruženju i da se, analizom izdvojenih studija, sistematiziraju saznanja iz ovog područja, što bi rezultiralo kreiranjem smjernica za unaprjeđenje društvenog sudjelovanja ove djece i implementacijom ovako sumiranih saznanja u praktičan rad u inkluzivnim uvjetima.Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na zaključak da postoji složen odnos između onesposobljenosti, participacije i školske sredine i da se prediktori ne mogu izdvojiti i promatrati kao izolirani entiteti, već isključivo kao kombinirani modeli interaktivnih fizičkih i kognitivno-bihevioralnih varijabli. Ključni koraci u stručnom interveniranju podrazumjevaju razvijanje strategija kojima će se omogućiti djeci s cerebralnom paralizom da u punoj mjeri iskoriste mogućnosti koje svakodnevne školske aktivnosti pružaju u pogledu aktivnog socijalnog uključivanja.Ključne riječi: socijalna integracija, onesposobljenost, vršnjaci.
A systematic scoping review of interventions delivered by peers tosupport the resettlement of refugees and asylum seekers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic search of the literature as it pertains to interventions delivered by peers to refugees and asylum seekers during the resettlement process. Design/methodology/approach A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis-compliant scoping review based on Arskey and O’Malley’s (2006) five steps was used. Four databases, Scopus, Embase, Ebsco and ScienceDirect, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. Studies were included if they reported on interventions, outcomes or the training received by adult peers to support refugees and asylum seekers during the resettlement process. Of an initial 632 journal articles retrieved, 14 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Findings Most included studies were conducted in Western high-income countries, with the exception of one. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of the nationalities of peers and those receiving peer interventions, the outcomes reported on, the content of interventions and the methodologies used. Findings suggest that peer interventions seem to be effective in addressing many of the challenges faced by refugees and asylum seekers. Community integration, acculturation and reductions in psychological distress are some of the key benefits. When such interventions are co-produced in participatory research involving refugees, asylum seekers and the civil society organisations that support this population, they are naturally culturally responsive and can, therefore, address issues relative to different ethnic needs during the resettlement process. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scoping review to be conducted in this area and adds to what is a very limited body of research.
A REVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL PROTEASE

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Proteases catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins and are one of the most widely used industrial enzymes. Though they are ubiquitously found in a wide diversity of sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms but microbial sources are preferred for the production of proteases due to technical and economic advantages. Microbial proteases have potential for application in different industries including detergent, leather, silver recovery, dairy, baking, beverages and pharmaceutical industries. These hydrolytic enzymes are efficiently involved in food industry for enhancing nutritional value, digestibility, palatability, flavor and reducing allergenic compounds as well as in management of domestic and industrial wastes. Furthermore, they are also involved in synthesis and structural elucidation and characterization of proteins. The present communication is an overview of the proteases produced from bacterial and fungal sources and their role in various industrial applications.
Phosphorus Solubility from Rock Phosphate Mixed Compost with Sulphur Application and Its Effect on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Wheat Crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 with plot size of 3 m × 5 m. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at the rate of 120, 90 and 60 kg·ha-1 in the form of urea, compost, or single super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively. Elemental sulphur was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg·ha-1 at the time of sowing. Results showed that sulphur applied with compost significantly improved wheat yield and yield components, soil organic matter, soil total N and AB-DTPA extractable P contents, plant N and P concentrations and their uptake, plant micronutrients concentration and their uptakes. No significant changes were noted in soil pH, ECe and lime contents. Maximum grain yield of 4076 kg·ha-1, total dry matter yield 9721 kg·ha-1, straw yield 5644 kg·ha-1, plant height 98.3 cm, spike length 11.2 cm, grain per spike 61.0, thousand grain weight 50.2 g were recorded on the application of S at the rate 20 kg·ha-1 with compost. The highest soil organic matter content of 1.41% was found for the application of S at the rate of 10 kg·ha-1 with compost. Maximum soil total N content of 1756 mg·kg-1 and P 5.7 mg·kg-1 were observed by the application of double recommended S with compost. Plant N uptakes of 125.7 kg·ha-1, and P uptake of 17.5 kg·ha-1, were maximum with application of compost and S @ 20 kg·ha-1. Highest plant uptake of Fe 0.56 kg·ha-1, Zn 0.41 kg·ha-1, Cu 0.16 kg·ha-1 and Mn 0.93 kg·ha-1 were found by the application of full recommended S with compost. Results suggested that S at the rate of 20 kg·ha-1 application with compost prepared from farm yard manure and rock phosphate proved better combination to enhance wheat yield, yield components and nutrients uptakes of wheat crop.