jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chinese Diplomacy and the UN Security Council

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China has emerged in the 21st century as a sophisticated, and sometimes contentious, actor in the United Nations Security Council. This is evident in a range of issues, from negotiations on Iran's nuclear program to efforts to bring peace to Darfur. Yet China's role as a veto-holding member of the Council has been left unexamined. How does it formulate its positions? What interests does it seek to protect? How can the international community encourage China to be a contributor, and not a spoiler? This book is the first to address China's role and influence in the Security Council. It develops a picture of a state struggling to find a way between the need to protect its stakes in a number of 'rogue regimes', on one hand, and its image as a responsible rising power on the world stage, on the other. Negotiating this careful balancing act has mixed implications, and means that whilst China can be a useful ally in collective security, it also faces serious constraints. Providing a window not only into China's behaviour, but into the complex world of decision-making at the UNSC in general, the book covers a number of important cases, including North Korea, Iran, Darfur, Burma, Zimbabwe, Libya and Syria. Drawing on extensive interviews with participants from China, the US and elsewhere, this book considers not only how the world affects China, but how China impacts the world through its behaviour in a key international institution. As such, it will be of great interest to students and scholars working in the fields of Chinese politics and Chinese international relations, as well as politics, international relations, international institutions and diplomacy more broadly.
Comparative Study of PSS and POD for A Power System With PV Plant

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An increase in interconnection of power systems may lead to poor damping oscillation. This paper studies the oscillation damping performance of the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Power Oscillation Damper which are located on a photovoltaic plant (PV-POD). A computer simulation of a power system with PSS and PV-POD is conducted in Matlab/Simscape Power System. The study consists of five scenarios with different operating conditions. To compare the damping performance, the results from the Eigen analysis and time domain analysis from the computer simulation are used to analyze the damping quality. The results show that the oscillation damping obtained from the system with POD is better than that from the system with PSS. However, when the operating condition of the system is changed, the oscillation damping of the system with PSS is more consistent than that of the system with POD.
‘The most precious of all gifts’: Sentimentality, Consumption, and the Gift of Death in Warner, Phelps, and Twain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Drawing on one of Jacques Derrida's key philosophical concepts, the gift of death, this chapter explores how death as a gift was articulated and thematized in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American fiction. While Derrida in his Donner la mort (1992) mainly focuses on sacrifice and 'dying for the other', the chapter examines the notion of death as a divine, asymmetrical gift, with particular reference to The Wide, Wide World (1850) by Susan Warner, The Gates Ajar (1868) by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, and Mark Twain's late fiction. All the three authors relate death to the ideology of the pure, gratuitous gift, on the one hand, and to their growing anxieties about the emergent consumer society, on the other. Whether Calvinistic gift of grace (Warner) or the 'gate' to domesticated afterlife (Phelps), the end of Christian's life in Warner's and Phelps' sentimental religious novels is seen as the emanation of God's goodness. Twain instead withdraws the gift of death from the Christian orthodoxy. Reflecting his ambivalent religiosity and iconoclasm, death no longer promises anything and is considered a pure, 'valueless' gift precisely because it cannot be 'traded'.
Computational Hemodynamic Simulation of Human Circulatory System under Altered Gravity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A computational hemodynamics approach is presented to simulate the blood flow through the human circulatory system under altered gravity conditions. Numerical techniques relevant to hemodynamics issues are introduced to non-Newtonian modeling for flow characteristics governed by red blood cells, distensible wall motion due to the heart pulse, and capillary bed modeling for outflow boundary conditions. Gravitational body force terms are added to the Navier-Stokes equations to study the effects of gravity on internal flows. Six-type gravity benchmark problems are originally presented to provide the fundamental understanding of gravitational effects on the human circulatory system. For code validation, computed results are compared with steady and unsteady experimental data for non-Newtonian flows in a carotid bifurcation model and a curved circular tube, respectively. This computational approach is then applied to the blood circulation in the human brain as a target problem. A three-dimensional, idealized Circle of Willis configuration is developed with minor arteries truncated based on anatomical data. Demonstrated is not only the mechanism of the collateral circulation but also the effects of gravity on the distensible wall motion and resultant flow patterns.
Banned dinitrophenols still trigger both legal and forensic issues

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Numerous hazardous chemicals from various industrial sources enter the environment daily; some of them can be used both as drugs and as toxins. Many of these compounds, including dinitrophenols, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 4,6-dinitrocresol (DNOC), and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), are widely used pesticides that persist in some contaminated soils. They have been found in groundwater, causing health and environmental hazards, and are subjects of forensic toxicology. Dinitrophenols have multiple biological and noxious effects based on a mechanism of action characteristic to metabolic inhibitors. Although banned, they have pharmaceutical activity and can be purchased on the Internet as ingredients of weight-loss pills. Many death cases have been reported as accidents in agriculture or as overdoses in weight-loss diets. In this article, we discuss legal aspects of dinitrophenol usage, as well as their biological effect and possible mechanisms of toxicity.
First record of the genus Conoppia Berlese, 1908 (Acari: Oribatida: Compactozetidae) from Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thegenus Conoppia Berlese, 1908 is firstly recorded from Turkey. Thespecies Conoppia palmicincta (Michael, 1880) is redescribed based on thespecimens collected from Kandıra town of Kocaeli Province.
Nota Científica / Short Communication: Lectotypification and a new combination in Cynophalla (Capparaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cynophalla and Uterveria (Capparaceae) are lectotypified here. Uterveria is placed in synonymy under Cynophalla and Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo is proposed as a new combination.
Cyanine dyes as corrosion inhibitors. I. Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of copper metal treated with hydroxystyryl cyanine dye

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of 2‐( o ‐hydroxystyryl) pyridinium‐1‐ethyl iodide cyanine dye on the corrosion behaviour of copper metal in nitric acid solution has been studied. Weight loss measurements, galvanostatic polarization curves, open‐circuit potential variation of copper electrode with time and the cathodic protective current values indicate that styryl cyanine dye gives an anticorrosive character. The inhibition effect is more pronounced in the case of copper metal coated by dye thin film than that obtained by its addition to the corrosion medium.
The Research and Implementation of Soft PLC Ladder Diagram Development System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Soft PLC technology is a new control technology based on PC in industrial automation.In consideration of the requirement of the users of computerized numerical control system,and to reduce margins in product usage,the soft PLC ladder diagram development system based on IEC61131-3 standard is designed and implemented on Windows operating system.Firstly,the global logical structure of the system is devised,including ladder diagram editting,syntax checking,conversion from ladder diagram program to instruction list language program and compilation of the instruction list language program.Secondly,the concrete method to implement every module is presented.Finally,the correctness of the system is tested and validated by examples.As a result,the correctness ensures that the expected object code is obtained after conversion and compilation of the ladder diagram program.
Temperature Field Analysis of 400 MN Heavy Die Forging Press Based on Finite Element Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heat conduction and thermal radiation of workpiece could increase temperature of the steel wire wound frame and the moving beam, which may lead to huge creep deformation, pre-stress loss of steel wire and performance degradation of the hydraulic oil. So it is practically important to analyze the temperature field of the die forging press. Steady and transient temperature field analyses are performed for 400 MN forging press by using ABAQUS to study the temperature field characteristics of the ejection cylinder and steel wires of the moving beam and the frame. The results show that when working temperature of the die is 300 ℃,wire temperature is below 75 ℃ after 48 h, while oil temperature is above 70 ℃ after 8.4 h, the latter exceeds the permit limit. Since the improvement of heat dissipation could not decrease temperature effectively, scheme A in which the heat insulation gaskets are added to the bottom and the top of the cylinder and scheme B in which the insulation gaskets are added between the die and the die holder are proposed. It is verified by the simulation that the latter could decrease oil temperature effectively and meet the design requirements, the oil temperature could keep below 70 ℃ after 48 h. The FEM results agree well with the experimental data, which verifies the validity of the FEM modeling. This work provides beneficial reference for structural design and forging process design.
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE NEST AND EGG OF THE STIPPLE-THROATED ANTWREN (EPINECROPHYLLA HAEMATONOTA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT ∙ The life histories of most Epinecrophylla antwrens are poorly known. I describe the first nest and egg of the Stipple‐throated Antwren (E. haematonota), which was found in the southern lowland rainforest of Amazonian Peru. The closed and globular nest was located 0.33 m from the ground, and was laterally supported by palm fronds. The single egg was off‐white and partially covered by dark magenta spotting. The nest and egg descriptions match other Epinecrophylla, but differ from Myrmotherula. The results support the split of Epinecrophylla from Myrmotherula.RESUMEN ∙ Primera descripción del nido y huevo del Hormiguerito Dorsirrojo (Epinecrophylla haematonota) en Perú ∙ La biología de casi todas las especies de hormigueritos del genero Epinecrophylla es muy poco conocida. Aquí describo el primer nido y huevo del Hormiguerito Dorsirrojo (E. haematonota), encontrado en el sur de la selva amazónica del Perú. El nido cerrado y de forma globular estaba ubicado a 0,33 m del piso, con soporte lateral de cañas de palma. El único huevo era blanco con manchas magentas. La descripción del nido y huevo es similar a las de otras especies de Epinecrophylla, pero diferente de Myrmotherula. Estos resultados apoyan la identidad de Epinecrophylla como género separado de Myrmotherula.
Towards “Kalimatun Sawa”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Relations between Islam and Christianity experienced debate and conflict, and this even led to violence. Even if it is realized that the two religions teach kindness to others. Debates and conflicts between the two religions can be reduced by means of kalimatun sawa, seeking a common meeting point between the two religions. Thus, this article aims to explain how the kalimatun sawa is based on the relationship between Islam and Christianity. The research method used is literature review with a comparative theology approach of religions. The results of the research are that Islamic and Christian dialogue must be based on building a high sense of tolerance and carrying out social activities to spread goodness in society.
Mutation Analysis in F9 Gene of 17 Families with Haemophilia B from Iran

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary. Seventeen haemophilia B families from Iran were investigated to determine the causative mutation. All the essential regions of the F9 gene were initially screened by conformational sensitive gel electrophoresis and exons with band shift were sequenced. Seven of the 15 mutations identified in these families were novel mutations. The mutations were authenticated in nine families as other affected members or heterozygous female carriers were available for verification.
Fortschritte der Serologie

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
[Intradiscal interventional therapy for degenerative chronic discogenic low back pain with end-plate Modic changes].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intradiscal interventional therapy can relieve discogenic low back pain and improve Oswestry disability index score of function between 3 and 6 months post-operation. There is no significant difference in post-operative efficacy between Modic Type I and Modic Type II. Steroids are the major analgesic factor of intradiscal injection. But the synergistic application of songmeile (cervus & cucumis polypeptide injection) can maintain the analgesic effect and duration with a decreased dose of steroids.
A potential significance of circ_0024169 down regulation in angiosarcoma tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently characterized non-coding RNAs that have a closed continuous loop. CircRNAs might play important roles in the oncogenesis of several cancers. However, little is known about association between circRNAs and skin tumors. In this study, we tried to demonstrate the expression change of circ_0024169 in angiosarcoma, and to elucidate correlations between circ_0024169 expression in angiosarcoma tissues and clinical manifestation. RNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR with TaqMan systems for circ_0024169 and linear isoform CUL5. Both relative circRNA levels (corrected for EEF1A1 levels) and circRNA levels/linear RNA expression ratio were evaluated. We found that both relative circ_0024169 levels and circ_0024169/CUL5 ratio was decreased in normal human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and angiosarcoma cell line in vitro, compared to squamous cell carcinoma line. circ_0024169/ CUL5 ratio was significantly reduced in angiosarcoma and pyogenic granuloma than other tumors in vivo, which were more evident than decreased relative circ_0024169 levels. On the other hand, relative circ_0024169 levels showed mild inverse correlation with the follow-up periods (duration between the first hospital visit and the last hospital visit/the date of death) of angiosarcoma patients. Taken together, circ_0024169/CUL5 ratio are likely to be useful as a diagnostic biomarker for vascular tumors, whereas circ_0024169 levels may have more potential as a prognostic marker of angiosarcoma. The future studies of the function of circRNAs may lead to the clarification of detailed mechanism of oncogenesis of angiosarcoma.
Soil nitrogen cycling in dry lands: Precipitation legacy effects on microbial N loss pathways

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The transition from dry-to-wet soils is often characterized by an acceleration of the nitrogen (N) cycle, representing a period of interest to biogeochemists studying future N cycling responses to global changes. In particular, wetting dry soils can produce large emission pulses of nitric oxide (NO; an air pollutant at high concentrations) and nitrous oxide (N2O; a powerful greenhouse gas), but the mechanisms governing the N losses remain unresolved. The asynchronous timing of when N becomes bioavailable and when ecosystem N sinks activate (e.g., plant N uptake) post wetting has often been used to explain why N is lost when dry soils wet up. However, other factors directly affecting nitrifying communities may also contribute to the emissions. For instance, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) may be favored over ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in NH4+-rich environments that are typically observed in dry soils. Because AOB may process N less efficiently than AOA, shifts in nitrifier activity may help promote gaseous N losses.&#160;To better understand mechanisms for gaseous N loss, we studied drylands in southern California that can experience >6 months without rain, as well as other drylands where we added or excluded precipitation during the dry summer or wet winter seasons. We also selectively inhibited AOA and AOB communities to measure their contributions to soil N emissions. Excluding precipitation during the winter prior to collecting soils did not affect NO emissions, but either adding or excluding precipitation during the summer did; NO emissions after adding extra rainfall (95 &#177; 6 &#181;g NO g soil-1; p = 0.01) or excluding rainfall (105 &#177; 22 &#181;g NO g soil-1; p = 0.006) were significantly higher than the control (41 &#177; 6 &#181;g NO g soil-1), with over 50% of the emissions controlled by AOB. While most of the effects of manipulating precipitation were observed on NO emissions, N2O increased only when we excluded precipitation in the winter wet season, averaging 0.58 &#177; 0.40 &#181;g N-N2O g soil-1. Using isotopologues of N2O coupled with chloroform fumigations to slow microbial activity, we found that N retention and loss trade off as dry conditions intensify. Altogether, our measurements suggest that that shifts in precipitation patterns can favor AOB-derived NO emissions when dry soils are wetted at the end of the dry season, suggesting that shifts in nitrifier activity from the legacies of past precipitation can also help explain why N is lost when dry soils are wetted.
Correlates of Risky Sexual Activity for Urban African American Youth in an Alternative Education Program

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the link between developmental risk and protective factors and risky sexual activity among 222 urban African American youth attending an alternative education program (AEP) because of problematic behavior. Self-report information provided by these AEP participants revealed that, for the risk and protective factors examined, the extent of their involvement in delinquent activity, including substance use, and the less parental monitoring they received were the principal correlates of both the likelihood of the initiation and extent of their engagement in risky sexual activity. Findings of the study also illustrate the feasibility of the early identification of individuals likely to be at increased risk for the development of sexually-related short and long-term adverse health outcomes.
Full convergence of the steepest descent method with inexact line searches

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Several finite procedures for determining the step size of the steepest descent method for unconstrained optimization, without performing exact one-dimensional minimizations, have been considered in the literature. The convergence analysis of these methods requires that the objective function have bounded level sets and that its gradient satisfy a Lipschitz condition, in order to establish just stationarity of all cluster points. We consider two of such procedures and prove, for a convex objective, convergence of the whole sequence to a minimizer without any level set boundedness assumption and, for one of them, without any Lipschitz condition.
Disaster Recovery – A Project Planning Case Study in Portugal

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Business disruptions can take place everywhere, anytime. It is impossible to foresee what may hit and when. It has become compulsory for organizations to be organized for such disaster/recovery scenarios. With the ever increasing dependence on business processes for both electronic and traditional services, it has become almost mandatory for every organization to plan also for Business Continuity (BCP). In this paper, a project plan to deal with a Disaster Recovery and support Business continuity and how various virtualization technologies are leveraged to reorganize restore servers, network and storage resources for the critical applications based on business priorities will be described. A project planning will be discussed in order to deal with a practical solution implementation in a major Portuguese organization
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Over a hundred years has passed since the discovery of the "magic bullet" serum therapy by Kitasato and Behring, the first ever therapeutic use of antibodies. More than 80 years later, the investigation of immunoglobulin structure and function and the development of cell and molecular biology introduced the production of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). In the 35 years since the first process for creating MoAbs was introduced, they have remained the centerpiece of the growing biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Herein, I review the history, development, and clinical settings of therapeutic MoAbs that have had a significant impact on life-saving medicine.