jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Women in Argentina During the 1960s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 1960s represented a particular moment of social, cultural, and political unrest in the midst of which the contours of a modern Argentina-consumerism, secularization, the realignment of political forces, changes in daily life, the transformation of gender relationships-began to emerge. It is striking, however, that despite the recent historical recovery of this period and the revolution in women's history, women's voices are absent or at best relegated to a few footnotes. A gender perspective-one that incorporates the relationships between men and women, the impact of social changes in the family, gender roles, the private dimensions of life, etc., and their effects on social and psychological formations-is also lacking (Kelly-Gadol, 1984). For the women, now between 40 and 50, who began to participate in the public sphere during this period, these reconstructions not only call into question their own memories but also puzzle them when contrasted with the experiences of participants in the student movement, politics, and street battles, among others. As many writers have pointed out, the 1960s were a period of various cleavages worldwide. In the core countries, the emergence of student movements symbolized by the French May 1968 implied a broad questioning of the consumer society. In Latin America, Africa, and Asia, anticolonial, national-liberation, and socialist movements were consolidated, and in the East movements in opposition to the system gathered strength. In Argentina the 1960s were years of modernization and secularization in the sociological
Plasmalemmal insertion and modification of sodium channels at the nerve growth cone

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have characterized voltage-dependent sodium channels in growth cones (GCPs) isolated from fetal rat brain using saxitoxin and TTX binding as well as recordings from channels reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. Both high- and low-affinity binding sites are present in GCP membranes. However, the two binding sites are segregated largely or completely, with the high-affinity binding sites in the plasmalemma, and the low-affinity sites in an internal membrane compartment. Plasmalemmal insertion of these internal sites can be triggered by high- potassium depolarization and depends on a metalloendoprotease-requiring mechanism. These observations indicate that a precursor-product relationship exists between the internal and external sodium channels of the growth cone, and therefore suggest that channel externalization causes conversion of low-affinity to high-affinity saxitoxin receptors. This conversion may represent a step of channel capacitation.
Lipolytic activity and chilling requirement for germination of some almond cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Traditionally, cold stratification for three weeks is commonly used for almonds (Prunus amygdalus Mill.) seeds germination. In this study, the effect of cold stratification in two almonds varieties: ‘‘Achaak’’ a Tunisian cultivar and ‘‘Tuono’’ an Italian cultivar was tested. The study revealed, for the first time, that only the Tunisian cultivar ‘‘Achaak’’ was able to start up its germination after 16 h of imbibition, at 26°C without any previous chilling. In these conditions, (i) hypocotyl elongation was not affected compared to the Controls, suggesting that the cold requirement of a seed is an adaptation to climatic factors; (ii) the ability of germination of 5-year-old Achaak seeds was not totally affected; (iii) the partially purified lipase showed a true neutral activity, detected at the 3-day-old germinating step. This is the first published data regarding the almond lipase identification.
Reuse of Yuza Seed By-product for Production of Aphicidal Rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas sp. EP-3

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Yuza seed by-product has been produced in a large amount from the agricultural farms in the southern area of Korea.It has been mostly abandoned after commercial process for the production of juice, jam and tea.The study on the reuse of the yuza seed by-product has received much attention as a bio-resource material for the production of active compound in agriculture.METHODS AND RESULTS: Insecticidal rhamnolipidproducing Pseudomonas sp.EP-3 was grown in mineral salt media with the yuza seed by-product at 2, 20, 50 and 100 g/L.The growth of EP-3 was accompanied by a increase in insecticidal activity against green peach aphid.The highest insecticidal activity was observed when EP-3 was grown in the medium containing 50 g/L of the seed sample, producing approximately 996 mg/L of rhamnolipid at 96 h.Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were determined as the major fatty acids of the seed sample.The EP-3 cultures grown on the fatty acid mixture extracted from the seed sample showed a aphid mortality similar to that of cultures grown on the seed sample.The EP-3 cultures grown on 50 g/L of the seed sample showed aphid mortality more than 90% under greenhouse conditions.CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the yuza seed by-product may be used as a renewable material for microbial production of rhamnolipid against green peach aphid.
Influence of temperature and humidity on fecundity of peach fruit borer,Carposina niponensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of constant temperature and humidity on fecundity of peach fruit borer,Carposina niponensis Walsingham,was investigated in laboratory condition.The result showed that the longevity,mating and oviposition of C.niponensis female adults were significantly affected by temperature and relative humidity.The longevity of female adult decreased as temperature increased from 19～29℃.The optimum temperature for the mating and egg production was 23～26℃.The favorable range of relative humidity for adult mating and egg production was between 80% to 100%.
Insect outbreaks revisited.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Contributors viii Acknowledgments xi Preface xii PART I PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE HISTORY PERSPECTIVES 1 1 Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a Physiological Framework: Insights from Orthoptera 3 Spencer T. Behmer and Anthony Joern 2 The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible Plant Resistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks 30 Karen C. Abbott 3 Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks 47 J. Gwen Shlichta and Angela M. Smilanich 4 The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of Insect Herbivores 71 Eric M. Lind and Pedro Barbosa PART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS 89 5 Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics 91 Andre Kessler, Katja Poveda, and Erik H. Poelman 6 Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks 113 Andrew M. Liebhold, Kyle J. Haynes, and Ottar N. Bjornstad 7 What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about Conifer Defoliator Outbreaks 126 Ann M. Lynch 8 Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role in Outbreaks 155 Yasmin J. Cardoza, Richard W. Hofstetter, and Fernando E. Vega PART III POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY 175 9 Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and Bark Beetles: Implications for Population Dynamics 177 Julia Koricheva, Maartje J. Klapwijk, and Christer Bjorkman 10 The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks 197 Louie H. Yang 11 Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Consequences 219 Lee A. Dyer, Walter P. Carson, and Egbert G. Leigh Jr. 12 Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services 246 Timothy D. Schowalter PART IV GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 267 13 Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of Insect Herbivory 269 Conrad C. Labandeira 14 Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in the Control of Pest Species 291 Raul F. Medina PART V APPLIED PERSPECTIVES 311 15 Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients 313 Michael J. Raupp, Paula M. Shrewsbury, and Dan A. Herms 16 Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks 341 Bruce E. Tabashnik and Yves Carriere 17 Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: A Landscape Perspective 355 J. Megan Woltz, Benjamin P. Werling, and Douglas A. Landis 18 Integrated Pest Management Outbreaks Prevented, Delayed, or Facilitated? 371 Deborah K. Letourneau 19 Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds 395 Peter B. McEvoy, Fritzi S. Grevstad, and Shon S. Schooler 20 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential 429 Maartje J. Klapwijk, Matthew P. Ayres, Andrea Battisti, and Stig Larsson Subject Index 451 Taxonomic Index 459 Colour plate pages fall between pp. 196 and 197
Are BMI prosthetics uncontrollable Frankensteinian monsters?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The growing use of brain-machine interfaces (BMI) raises a number of legal and ethical concerns, in particular, when the BMI controls a prosthetic or other robotic device. For example, mediating a BMI via artificially intelligent (AI) software – particularly predictive AI software that may even take over control of the device in the event of too much noise – can confound issues of cause and effect. Significantly, the determination of cause is necessary for ascertaining and assigning criminal guilt. Further, recent research has shown that BMIs interfacing particularly via the brain’s posterior parietal cortex (PPC) can result in smoother motions by the prosthetic, in part given the PPC’s role in broadly planning limb movements. However, in tapping directly into this area of the brain, a prosthetic arguably will move as a result of preconscious thought rather than conscious thought, an important consideration when applied to criminal law that sees automatism as a potential defense. This distinction between conscious and preconscious control over a prosthetic becomes even more relevant as such an interface may also circumvent important command and control elements downstream of the BMI’s collected neural impulses, those command and control elements being particularly relevant for our (at least colloquial) conception of free will.
Innovation to Enhance Blended Learning Experience: Applying Google Sites in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Internet has influences numerous aspects in our life, including our learning process. Interest in the internet as a media to enhance learning experience in education operations has increased over the last decade. The recent web era termed as web 2.0. In web 2.0 era, users have the convenience to design their own website without need of learning complicated programming language. Combination between offline and online learning is known as blended learning. Innovations related with blended learning are emerging. The purposes of this paper are to elaborate the features of Google Sites that are useful for blended learning and to share users experiences from utilize Google Sites as tools of blended learning program at Faculty of Economics and Business University of Padjadjaran (FEB Unpad), Bandung, Indonesia. Users are often inhibited in creating or maintaining a website because of the complexity challenge. Google Sites, known for its tag lineâ€œcreate, collect and controlâ€, offers ease of use in this regard. Faculty member and student can use this tool to interact. Users experience survey was conducted involving 84 users (78 students and 6 faculty members) to elaborate response of users, both faculty members and students. Results suggest that highest agreement rate was attained that Google site is helpful in share information. The lowest aggrement rate was found in â€œGoogle site useful for online discussionâ€.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Clinical Aspects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of related neurodevelopmental disorders, which includes autism (autistic disorder), Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder-not-otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD). This chapter provides the review of recent knowledge about clinical symptoms and criteria for diagnosis of heterogeneous symptoms of ASD. An alarming increase in the prevalence of ASD is of great concern to practicing pediatricians and psychiatrists. Some people attribute the increases over time in the frequency of ASD to factors such as new administrative classifications, changing diagnostic criteria, and heightened awareness. It is evident, that no single factor or a simple explanation can account for the increase. ASD are highly genetic and multifactorial, with many risk factors acting together. There is no therapy of the core symptoms of ASD at present. Several studies suggest that 50-75% of children with ASD are using complementary alternative medicine. Families and clinicians need access to theoretical and clinical evidence to assist them in the choice of therapies.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Garra fluviatilis, a new hillstream fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Garra fluviatilis, a new hillstream fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/f7e5a018-17b1-4824-bb02-229e3fa7d925 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/f7e5a018-17b1-4824-bb02-229e3fa7d925. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
The Manorial-Serf Economy in Central and Eastern Europe in the 16th and 17th Centuries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the principal processes taking place in the economic and social life of Early Modern Europe, the following two are undoubtedly among the most frequently mentioned and analyzed: (1) the rise of capitalism in Western Europe; (2) the rise of a "new" serfdom and manorial-serf economy in Central and Eastern Europe. It seems astonishing that both of these processes, which took place at the same time, are usually analyzed separately. They are indeed so different, if not completely opposite, that on the surface such separation may seem justified. But is it really?
Hypoxia inducible factor-1a-dependent epithelial to mesenchymal transition under hypoxic conditions in prostate cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed\\r\\ncancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death.\\r\\nHypoxia is an environmental stimulus that plays an important\\r\\nrole in the development and cancer progression especially for\\r\\nsolid tumors. The key regulator under hypoxic conditions is\\r\\nstabilized hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a. In the present\\r\\nstudy, immune-fluorescent staining, siRNAs, qRT-PC, immunoblotting, cell migration and invasion assays were carried\\r\\nout to test typical epithelial to mesenchymal transition under\\r\\nhypoxia and the key regulators of this process in PC3, a human\\r\\nprostate cancer cell line. Our data demonstrated that hypoxia\\r\\ninduces diverse molecular, phenotypic and functional changes\\r\\nin prostate cancer cells that are consistent with EMT. We\\r\\nalso showed that a cell signal factor such as HIF-1a, which\\r\\nmight be stabilized under hypoxic environment, is involved in\\r\\nEMT and cancer cell invasive potency. The induced hypoxia\\r\\ncould be blocked by HIF-1a gene silencing and reoxygenation\\r\\nof EMT in prostate cancer cells, hypoxia partially reversed\\r\\naccompanied by a process of mesenchymal-epithelial reverting\\r\\ntransition (MErT). EMT might be induced by activation of\\r\\nHIF-1a-dependent cell signaling in hypoxic prostate cancer\\r\\ncells.
In the Land of Nagar: A Survey around Tell Brak

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the campaign at Tell Brak in the spring of 1988 the present authors conducted a survey of tells in the vicinity of the site. Although comprehensive, the work was primarily intended to supplement the 1978 survey by K. Fielden, who investigated the sites surrounding the main tell at Brak itself and those on the lower Jaghjagh between the junction with the Wadi Radd and the modern town of Hassake, with a particular view to fourth and third millennium settlement (Fielden 1978/9).Within a rectangle of c. 170 km covered by the survey almost all the ancient settlements are found in a roughly triangular area half this size (its base being the lower Jaghjagh/Radd to the south and its apex immediately south of Tell Barri). Identifying this area as the “hinterland” of Brak is merely a locally suitable generalization, as Brak belongs to several systems, one being the macro-system of large urban centres scattered across the Habur Plains and adjacent areas, and another the micro-system of smaller settlements in the immediate vicinity of Brak itself. Brak was an important centre from prehistoric times until the late second millennium B.C., but its role necessarily changed through time, and the concomitant changes in the extent of the area economically and politically dependent upon it remain difficult to recognize. In this sense the area covered by our survey can be seen as partly arbitrary, partly reflecting some real limits. To the south, the French 1: 200,000 maps indicate further small sites on the southern fringe of the area visited, and further west on the lower Jaghjagh, beyond the area investigated by us, are numerous sites clustering along the banks of the wadi and its small affluents, many fairly large and with material of late fourth millennium and third millennium date. This area is relevant when studying the Brak hinterland, but it cannot be evaluated before the publication of the evidence collected by K. Fielden. The area to the north certainly overlaps, at least for certain periods, the hinterland of Tell Barri. Directly west and east of Brak, the cartographic gaps within and beyond the present survey are real or nearly so. To the west/northwest the modern village may obscure evidence, but apart from sites on the first affluent of the lower Jaghjagh there seems to be a fairly wide area here with little ancient occupation. Finally, to the east our area meets that surveyed by Meijer, and his map shows only two additional tells (Meijer 1986, Fig. 1, Nos. 269a and 269b), both Islamic. The two neighbouring sites (our Nos. 33 and 34) appear to be geomorphological features and not tells. The area covered should thus include most of the sites belonging to the micro-system of settlement around Tell Brak.
The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
Picturing an Englishman : the art of Sir Henry William Bunbury, 1770-1787

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis offers an entirely new perspective on the art of Sir Henry William Bunbury (1750-1811) through a close reading of a selection of his prints published between 1770 and 1787. The thesis suggests that Bunburyâs privileged social position enabled him to become an eloquent and influential visual spokesman for both his class and his generation. This thesis argues that Bunbury created iconic and influential images of âthe Englishmanâ in response to contemporary ideas regarding the Frenchman, the man of fashion, the soldier and performer, the amateur actor and the social and equestrian amateur. This thesis also suggests that Bunburyâs art raises important questions regarding eighteenth century culture, including the nature of visual entertainment, fashionable art and celebrity and the relationship between the amateur and the professional artist. The evaluation of Bunburyâs little-known prints emphasises their visual and cultural complexity and this contributes towards a new reading of the neglected historical period in which he operated. Chapter one analyses the image of the foreign other and examines the demand for images that reinforced a sense of national superiority. It also suggests that Bunburyâs successful graphic format reflected the audience desire to consume images that expressed an appetite for the amalgamation of fantasy with familiar experience. Chapter two explores the idea of social disguise and transformation in the figure of the English Macaroni. An examination of the âPromenadeâ also suggests that Bunburyâs art capitalised on the audienceâs need to view multiple reflections of itself. Chapter three assesses the concentration on visual entertainment as a reaction to impending conflict and concludes that Bunbury configured society in terms of an audience united in the act of spectating. Chapter four analyses the indulgence of all classes in visual escapism and dramatic role play and chapter five extends this discussion into Bunburyâs creation of large scale social and equestrian panoramas. These images reveal his artistic formulation of an inclusive and democratic society, presided over by the figure of the ideal Englishman as a gentleman and a soldier. The conclusion of this thesis is that a study of Bunburyâs neglected art offers a fresh and revealing insight into a period in the eighteenth century that has been consistently sidelined by criticism.