jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Near-surface velocity inversion and modeling method based on surface waves in petroleum exploration: a case study from Qaidam Basin, China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Surface waves are widely used in the study of underground structures at various scales because of their dispersion characteristics in layered media. Whether in natural seismology or engineering seismology, surface wave analysis methods have matured and developed for their respective fields. However, in oil and gas exploration, many data processors still tend to consider surface waves as noise that needs to be removed. To make more people pay attention to the application of surface waves and widely utilize surface waves carrying the near surface information in oil and gas exploration, this paper takes the data processing of LH site in Qinghai, China as an example to apply surface wave analysis methods to oil and gas exploration. We first preprocess and perform dispersion imaging method on the seismic record in the LH site to obtain frequency-phase velocity spectrum with good resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Then, utilizing clustering algorithms, it automatically identifies and picks dispersion curves. Finally, through a simultaneous inversion algorithm of velocity and thickness, it inverts the dispersion curves and obtain S-wave velocity profiles in the depth range of 0–200 m. The near surface is divided into four zones based on velocity ranges and depth ranges. Additionally, we apply the surface waves inversion results as constraints to first-arrival tomography and obtain objectively accurate P-wave velocity profiles and Poisson’s ratio profiles. The results indicate that by applying surface wave analysis methods, the near surface velocity information carried by surface waves can be extracted, providing near surface velocity models for static correction and migration. At the same time, compared with the surface wave application in engineering seismology, the scale of oil and gas exploration is larger, so that the data processing of surface waves is particularly important, otherwise it will affect the picking of the dispersion curve and inversion.
Electron Pathways through Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane in Human Physiology and Pathology: Potential Redox Biomarker?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Erythrocytes are involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Since pH is the influential factor in the Bohr-Haldane effect, pHi is actively maintained via secondary active transports Na + /H + exchange and HC 3 – /Cl – anion exchanger. Because of the redox properties of the iron, hemoglobin generates reactive oxygen species and thus, the human erythrocyte is constantly exposed to oxidative damage. Although the adult erythrocyte lacks protein synthesis and cannot restore damaged proteins, it is equipped with high activity of protective enzymes. Redox changes in the cell initiate various signalling pathways. Plasma membrane oxido-reductases (PMORs) are trans-membrane electron transport systems that have been found in the membranes of all cells and have been extensively characterized in the human erythrocyte. Erythrocyte PMORs transfer reducing equivalents from intracellular reductants to extracellular oxidants, thus their most important role seems to be to enable the cell respond to changes in intra- and extra-cellular redox environments. So far the activity of erythrocyte PMORs in disease states has not been systematically investigated. This review summarizes present knowledge on erythrocyte electron transfer activity in humans (health, type 1 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic uremia) and hypothesizes an integrated model of the functional organization of erythrocyte plasma membrane where electron pathways work in parallel with transport metabolons to maintain redox homeostasis.
[Experimental analysis of cytotoxicity mediated by activated macrophages against glioma cells in mice].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Macrophage (M phi) has a very important role in host natural defence and tumor cell killing. Activated M phi with tumor cytotoxicity can be induced by various lymphokines, such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), but also by various bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG), corynebacterium parvum (C.p.), and muramyl-dipeptide (MDP). Although the brain is considered as an "immunologically privileged site", it has been demonstrated that in malignant brain tumors infiltration of lymphocytes or M phi can be seen in tissue samples. This may suggest that immune surveillance exists in the brain. But the biological significance of infiltrative M phi is unclear. The purpose of this study is to confirm the significant generation of activated M phi with cytotoxicity to glial tumor cells and to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism associated with cellular interaction between effector M phi and target cells. This is the first report on experimental analysis of cytotoxicity mediated by activated M phi against glioma cells in mice. The cytotoxicity mediated by murine peritoneal activated M phi was examined against 3 kinds of murine glioma cell lines; VM-Glioma (spontaneously occurring astrocytoma of the VM mouse origin, H-2b), RSV-M (Schmitt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus-induced malignant glioma of the C3H/He mouse origin, H-2k), and 203-Glioma (methylcholanthrene-induced ependymoblastoma of the C57BL/6 mouse origin, H-2b). Activated M phi were obtained from peritoneal exudate cells of 4 strains of mice, C57BL/6 (H-2b), C3H/He (H-2k), DBA/2 (H-2d), and BALB/c (H-2d), following intraperitoneal injection of (1) LPS 200 micrograms, (2) BCG 200 micrograms, (3) C.p. 200 micrograms, (4) MDP 350 micrograms, and (5) IFN-gamma 10(3) units, 7 days prior to 20 hr 51Cr release-cytotoxicity assay. Of the various combination of mouse strains and activating agents tested, that of activated M phi of the C3H/He mouse with induction by LPS had the most tumoricidal effect against the glioma cells, which was not MHC restricted. Although LPS-activated M phi underwent marked loss of cytotoxicity within 24 hr following initiation of in vitro culture, this 20 hr pretreatment with IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha inhibited this reduction in tumoricidal effects in a dose dependent fashion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular Players at the Sorting Stations of Malaria Parasite ‘Plasmodium falciparum’

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The apicomplexan pathogenic parasite ‘Plasmodium falciparum’ (Pf) is responsible for most of the malaria related mortality. It resides in and refurbishes the infected red blood cells (iRBCs) for its own survival and to suffice its metabolic needs. Remodeling of host erythrocytes involves alteration of physical and biochemical properties of the membrane and genesis of new parasite induced structures within the iRBCs. The generated structures include knobs and solute ion channels on the erythrocyte surface and specialized organelles i.e. Maurer’s clefts (MCs) in the iRBC cytosol. The above processes are mediated by exporting a large repertoire of proteins to the host cell, most of which are transported via MCs, the sorting stations in parasitized erythrocytes. Information about MC biogenesis and the molecules involved in maintaining MC architecture remains incompletely elucidated. Here, we have compiled a list of experimentally known MC resident proteins, several of which have roles in maintaining its architecture and function. Our short review covers available data on the domain organization, orthologues, topology and specific roles of these proteins. We highlight the current knowledge gaps in our understanding of MCs as crucial organelles involved in parasite biology and disease pathogenesis.
Animal cell culture and technology: the basics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Preface. The use of animal cell culture. Characteristics of cells in culture. Growth and maintenance of cells in culture. Cell line and culture monitoring. Genetic engineering of animal cells in culture. Hybridomas - source of antibodies. Scaling up animal cell culture. Modes of culture: batch. fed-batch, or continuous. Production from cell culture. Mammalian cell products: established and potential.
Financial inclusion and its impact on financial efficiency and sustainability: Empirical evidence from Asia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the trend of financial inclusion in Asia and its impact on financial efficiency and financial sustainability. For this purpose, the study employs a sample of 31 Asian countries during the period spanning from 2004 to 2016. Composite indicators for the three financial dimensions are constructed using principal component analysis (PCA) based on normalized variables. We find that the trends are fluctuating across countries and there is no clear pattern in several cases. The findings are robust to different normalization techniques. Furthermore, the impact of financial inclusion on financial efficiency and sustainability is analysed using Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). The estimation results indicate that growing financial inclusion negatively affects financial efficiency while favourably influences financial sustainability. The findings hold for the whole sample as well as across the two subsamples of countries with different income levels. This implies that while there are policy synergies between growing financial inclusion and maintaining financial sustainability, proper attention needs to be paid to the side effect of financial inefficiency associated with increasing financial inclusion. Keywords: Financial inclusion, Panel data analysis, Principal component analysis, Standardization, Asia, JEL classification: O16, O57, C38, C33
Development of a deformation-based micro surface texturing system for friction reduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Friction and wear have been the major factors affecting the energy efficiency in all industries. There are continuing researches to look for various methods to improve the contact by reducing the surface friction. According to previous studies, one of the effective methods is to create micro-scale dimples or grooves on the surface of contact to reduce friction. Previously, most of the researches focus on changing surface texture on the flat surfaces. However, this project will apply this method further to curved surfaces, particularly shaft surfaces, and develop a machine to achieve this purpose. In this report, the different stages of how the machine is designed will be elaborated in details. Throughout the project, dynamic simulation of the form rolling process has been conducted and analyzed. Then drawings and 3D model have also been constructed to show more design details of the machine and its components. At the end of the project, the complete machine design has been shown and it is ready for fabrication and assembly in the next stage.
Survey of the Self-medication Behavior with Antibacterial Agents Among Pharmacy Customers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the status of self-medication with antibacterial agents among customers in pharmacies.Method:A cross-sectional study was chosen to collect information.Questionnaires were filled out and handed in on the spot by interviewees who bought drugs in pharmacies.Result:The percent of self-medication with antibacterial agents in a recent month among the total users was 67.6%.Higher prevalence of self-medication with antibacterial agents was observed in the groups of low levels of education,housewives,non-incumbents and chronic sufferers,who used them mainly to treat their common colds.Antibacterial agents that interviewees used most frequently were penicillins(44.5%) and macrolides(30.5%).Conclusion:The prevalence of self-medication with antibacterial agents was high among pharmacy customers and presented an irrational use of drugs.Some measures should be adopted to decrease the behavior of self-medication with antibacterial agents and purchase without prescription and ensure the rational drug use.
Characterizations of Toeplitz Algebras and Operators with Series of Symbols and Essential Commutants

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the perfect method of RaffaelHagger [22] we show the characterization of the Toeplitz algebra, that generated by Toeplitz operators with series of bounded symbols on the Fock space 𝐹1+𝜖1+𝜖 and other spaces. We show that the Toeplitz algebra coincides with each of the algebras generated by band-dominated, sufficiently localized and weakly localized operators, respectively. We determine its essential commutant and its essential bicommutant with respect to Toeplitz operators of series of symbols. For 𝜖=1see Xia. However, Xia's ideas are mostly connected to Hilbert space theory and methods which are not applicable for 𝜖≠1. We completely use the result of Fulsche to generalize Xia's theorems under the light of [22].
Pulse source for 80 Gb/s systems using a gain-switched laser diode followed by a nonlinearly chirped grating

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents the generation of 3.5 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz and the optimization of the pulse spectrum. The output pulses are near transform limited and have pulse pedestals that are virtually eliminated to 35 dB down from the peak of the pulse, thus providing a source suitable for use in 80 Gb/s OTDM systems.
Effects of Phytophthora Inoculations on Photosynthetic Behaviour and Induced Defence Responses of Plant Volatiles in Field-Grown Hybrid Poplar Tolerant to Bark Canker Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bark cankers accompanied by symptoms of decline and dieback are the result of a destructive disease caused by Phytophthora infections in woody plants. Pathogenicity, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and volatile responses to P. cactorum and P. plurivora inoculations were studied in field-grown 10-year-old hybrid poplar plants. The most stressful effects of P. cactorum on photosynthetic behaviour were found at days 30 and 38 post-inoculation (p.-i.), whereas major disturbances induced by P. plurivora were identified at day 30 p.-i. and also belatedly at day 52 p.-i. The spectrum of volatile organic compounds emitted at day 98 p.-i. was richer than that at day 9 p.-i, and the emissions of both sesquiterpenes α-cubebene and germacrene D were induced solely by the Phytophthora inoculations. Significant positive relationships were found between both the axial and the tangential development of bark cankers and the emissions of α-cubebene and β-caryophyllene, respectively. These results show that both α-cubebene and germacrene D are signal molecules for the suppression of Phytophthora hyphae spread from necrotic sites of the bark to healthy living tissues. Four years following inoculations, for the majority of the inoculated plants, the callus tissue had already closed over the bark cankers.
An Equilibrium Model of the Business Cycle With Household Production and Fiscal Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We estimate a dynamic general equilibrium model of the U.S. economy that includes an explicit household production sector and stochastic fiscal variables. We use our estimates to investigate two issues. First, we analyze how well the model accounts for aggregate fluctuations. We find that household production has a significant impact and reject a nested specification in which changes in the home production technology do not matter for market variables. Second, we study the effects of some simple fiscal policy experiments and show that the model generates different predictions for the effects of tax changes than similar models without home production.
Activity of Honey Bees on Brassica Crops in Himachal Pradesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Behavioral studies of honey bees are very important to promote pollination. Foraging speed and rate are such vital behavioral patterns. This study evaluates the foraging attributes of honey bees on Brassica with experiments done at different sites chosen in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Apis mellifera is observed to show a significantly maximum foraging rate of 13.25 and 13.89 flowers/ min on toria and mustard, respectively. Whereas, the foraging speed was maximum for A. cerana (5.20 sec/ flower) on toria and A. mellifera (4.42 sec/ flower) on mustard.
Stability of Shells Attached to Elastic Core

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect upon the buckling strength of a soft elastic core attached to a shell of revolution subjected to axisymmetric loads is investigated. The axisymmetric stress problem is solved by using the finite element method to solve the body of revolution problem with an axis of material symmetry subjected to Fourier expandable thermal, body force, and surface traction loading. The governing equations are derived for a triangular toroidal continuum element attached to shell elements. The elastic core influence coefficient matrix of the core is derived by applying the unit line load at the interface nodal point of the core. The inversion of the influence coefficient matrix yields an equivalent stiffness matrix of the core which is then combined with the shell stiffness matrix. Results from this investigation are in good agreement with available analytical and experimental results for cylindrical shells. New results are obtained for conical and spherical shells.
q-Derivatives, quantization methods and q-algebras

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Using the example of Borel quantization on S1, we discuss the relation between quantization methods and q-algebras. In particular, it is shown that a q-deformation of the Witt algebra with generators labeled by Z is realized by q-difference operators. This leads to a discrete quantum mechanics. Because of Z, the discretization is equidistant. As an approach to a non-equidistant discretization of quantum mechanics one can change the Witt algebra using not the number field Z as labels but a quadratic extension of Z characterized by an irrational number τ. This extension is denoted as quasi-crystal Lie algebra, because this is a relation to one-dimensional quasicrystals. The q-deformation of this quasicrystal Lie algebra is discussed. It is pointed out that quasicrystal Lie algebras can be considered also as a “deformed” Witt algebra with a “deformation” of the labeling number field. Their application to the theory is discussed.
Choice Overload and the Long Tail: Consideration Sets and Purchases in Online Platforms

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Problem definition: This paper examines frictions in the shopping funnel using empirical clickstream data from an online travel platform. We analyze (a) customers’ heterogeneous search and purchase behaviors and (b) their reactions to changes in assortment size. We then develop a consider-then-choose model to generalize our findings. Methodology/results: We characterize the online customer journey as a two-stage consider-then-choose framework. In the consider stage, we analyze the consideration set formation and show that heterogeneity—familiarity with the assortment—amplifies the number of options; in the purchase stage, it drives preferences for niche versus popular choices. A real-world high-stakes field experiment reveals that shrinking the menu produces mixed results: highlighting the market for the long-tail for some customers and reflecting choice overload for others. Finally, we build a psychologically rich consider-then-choose model with (a) heterogeneous preferences for product features and (b) heterogeneous search costs moderated by search fatigue, theoretically characterizing the impact on consideration sets and conversion rates. Managerial implications: Identifying frictions in the shopping funnel is critical for online platforms, especially when pain points hurt click-through or conversion rates. Which options matter to which users? What is the right assortment size? Although online platforms can offer virtually unlimited assortments, managers may assume frictionless environments—which is not always the case. Our findings offer insights into improving the customer journey by considering heterogeneous preferences and boundedly rational heuristics. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0318 .
Similarity test:FACTORS RELATED TO BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN YOGYAKARTA CITY PUBLIC HOSPITAL, INDONESIA (Tia Arsittasari, Dwiana Estiwidani, Nanik Setiyawati)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is a dangerous tumor which attacks the breast tissue and also the second largest cause cancer related deaths among women. In 2013, Yogyakarta became the
province which had the highest prevalence about 2,4%. The data from the Health Minister of Yogyakarta showed that many cases of breast cancer happened to women and keep
increasing from year to year in Yogyakarta Province. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors related to breast cancer among women in Yogyakarta City Public Hospital, Indonesia. This study was an analytical observational research with cross sectional
design. The samples were collected by using purposive sampling with 94 respondents. The data were collected by using primer and secondary data with data collection
technique. The data analysis was carried out by using Chi-Square Test. The result of the study showed that the factors which were related to breast cancer cases were age (p�value = 0,005), menarche age (p-value = 0,019), history of breastfeeding (p-value = 0,008), history of using hormonal birth control (p-value = 0,019) and genetical factor (p�value = 0,014). The conclusion of the study was that the factors which were related to breast cancer cases were age, menarche age, history of breastfeeding, history of using hormonal birth control and genetical factor.
The direct and interactive roles of work family conflict and work family facilitation in voluntary turnover

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The direct effect of work family conflict on turnover has received much attention in organizational studies. However, neither the direct effect of work family facilitation on turnover nor the effect of its interaction with work family conflict on voluntary turnover has received similar attention. This has resulted in low explained variance in turnover in models that excluded these relationships. Using 450 participants drawn from employees in Nigeria, I found significant direct and interaction effect of work family facilitation on turnover. These results support the view that work family facilitation buffers the effect of work family conflict on turnover