jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The benefits of learning english to students of West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

English language becomes really in demand in human activities. It becomes a real factor of socio-economic, scientific, technical and cultural progress. Now, knowledge of English is a compulsory requirement for employment, and the field of medicine has not become an exception. Our university supports the expression of the head of the Republic of Kazakhstan that today’s generation have to learn three languages, especially English which is language of advancement and technology. That’s why in this article the information is given about the opportunities which gives university to the students leaning English. International cooperation and academic mobility is one of the most important activities direction of the university. West Kazakshtan Marat Ospanov Medical University has a department for the implementation of trilingual education. The main functions of the department for the implementation of trilingual education are given in this work. Also this year our university decided to provide students with lessons preparing for IELTS and IELTS certificates. IELTS is the most popular English language test in the world. In this scientific work interview was conducted among students and the results of it were indicated. English is important, but some of students were not agree with this statement and they also added that it is not necessary to learn English for medical students. After the conducted research it is possible to tell with confidence, that students of medical university understand importance of knowledge of foreign languages in the future profession. And they learn foreign languages, not only because it is one of the main subjects of instruction, but also on their own initiative, and they also intend to further improve their knowledge.
Paternalistic Leadership Style&#039;s Evolution in E-culture

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper, usage of paternalistic leadership styles in e-culture is evaluated. With abilities like being catalyst, performance raising, communicating, helping, guiding, caring, influencing, resource organizing, organizations representing and team loyalty developing; paternalism may survive in e-culture where there are diverse groups of individuals operating on joint tasks for limited periods of time. The expected form of paternalistic leadership style in e-culture is tried to be identified. Related propositions are provided.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of taxpayer awareness, motor vehicle tax relief, the SAMSAT Drive Thru service system, along with SAMSAT Kerti on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance in Denpasar City. This research was carried out at the Regional Tax and Retribution Service UPTD Office, Bali Province, Denpasar City. This research uses the Theory of Planned Behavior along with Attribution Theory. The sample was determined using accidental sampling with a sample of 100 respondents calculated using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. Findings show that taxpayer awareness, motor vehicle tax relief, the SAMSAT Drive Thru service system, and SAMSAT Kerti, have a positive effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance in Denpasar City.
Incorporating free‐flowing rivers into global biodiversity targets: Prioritization and targeted interventions to maintain ecological integrity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Free‐flowing rivers (FFRs) are important surrogates for freshwater biodiversity as there are increasingly fewer rivers that reflect intact habitat and species diversity from source to sea. The status and changes in the ecological condition or protection of FFRs is not explicitly reported on in global biodiversity targets. Indices are proposed for reporting such changes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 and 15, Aichi Target 11, and the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework. FFRs were identified at a countrywide scale in South Africa for protection, planning, monitoring, and assessing changes in their ecological condition and protection status. They were selected and prioritized using criteria co‐produced with national, provincial, and local river managers and policy makers. Given the high competition for water resources and the unlikely possibility for strictly protecting all FFRs, a subset of FFRs, termed ‘flagship FFRs’, was identified. Methods for reporting changes in the protection levels of prioritized FFRs at a countrywide scale were developed, which included indices of FFRs related to global targets: the loss of the extent of FFRs in a natural and largely natural ecological condition for SDG 6; changes in the connectivity of FFRs included in the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework targets; and changes in protection levels of FFRs for Aichi Target 11 and SDG 15.1.2. Flagship FFRs attracted targeted management initiatives and thus maintained their connectivity and ecological condition. This was not true when all FFRs were considered; in the broader set of FFRs, longitudinal fragmentation increased and ecological condition declined from 2011 to 2018. Considering the increasing pressures rivers are likely to experience from human and climate change impacts, particularly in semi‐arid to temperate environments, urgent prioritization and monitoring of FFRs is called for so that a targeted set of protection and management strategies can be applied.
The Development of Bispecific Hexavalent Antibodies as a Novel Class of DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) Complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The DOCK-AND-LOCKTM (DNLTM) method provides a modular approach to develop multivalent, multifunctional complexes of defined structures, of which bispecific hexavalent antibodies (bsHexAbs) are prominent examples with potential applications in targeted therapy for malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Currently, bsHexAbs are constructed by derivatizing a divalent IgG, at the carboxyl termini of either the heavy chain (the CH3-format) or the light chain (the Ck-format), to contain two stabilized dimers of Fab having a different specificity from the IgG. In this review, we briefly outline the features of the DNLTM method and describe key aspects of bsHexAbs examined with diverse preclinical studies, which include binding affinity to target cells, induction of signaling pathways, effector functions, serum stability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in human tumor xenograft models. Our findings favor the selection of the CK- over the CH3-format for further exploration of bsHexAbs in clinical trials.
A Challenge to Null Case Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

January 01 2004 A Challenge to Null Case Theory In Special Collection: CogNet Carlo Cecchetto, Carlo Cecchetto University of Milano-Bicocca Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Renato Oniga Renato Oniga University of Udine Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Carlo Cecchetto University of Milano-Bicocca Renato Oniga University of Udine Online ISSN: 1530-9150 Print ISSN: 0024-3892 © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2004 Linguistic Inquiry (2004) 35 (1): 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1162/002438904322793374 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Carlo Cecchetto, Renato Oniga; A Challenge to Null Case Theory. Linguistic Inquiry 2004; 35 (1): 141–149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/002438904322793374 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsLinguistic Inquiry Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transmissible Drug Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Healthy Nonhuman Primates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY During a 2-year period, intestinal flora of 176 clincally healthy, nonhuman primates was examined for the presence of antibiotic resistance and transmissible antibiotic resistance factors. Thirteen antibiotic resistance patterns were found among the 128 drug-resistant interobacteriaceae isolated from the monkeys. A large percentage of the bacterial isolates were resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and ampicillin. Resistance to kanamycin and cephalothin was been less frequently. Of the 128 bacterial isolates, 67 were capable of transferring either a part of or the entire antibiotic resistance pattern to an Escherichia coli K-12 recipient.
Quality of Education: The Case of Jimma University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the quality of education, research and service in Jimma University. To attain this objective, a cross sectional survey method was used and the target population of regular students, teachers, department heads, and units of student support services. The findings of the study revealed that Jimma University has used different means to disseminate its mission, vision and values to its staff through various approaches. The University has also made its level best to enhance the quality of education through the implementation of continuous assessment, active learning approach, e-learning, remedial and affirmative action and application of community-based training. However, there was a variation among colleges and Institutes in their performance and hence the academic program and quality assurance director should do its level best to maintain uniformity among these units of the University. Students were also highly complaining the services provided in the university such as cafeteria, dormitory, student clinic and guidance and counseling and it requires the office to develop the capacity of counselors, nurses, lab technicians, pharmacists and cafeteria workers.
Domestic violence, the law and related services in Papua New Guinea: A survey of young adults in Port Moresby and Lae

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A survey of young adults was conducted in Port Moresby and Lae towards the end of 2019 and in early 2020 as part of a larger study on the use and efficacy of family protection orders (FPOs) as a key response to domestic and family violence (DFV) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This report presents the results from all 180 participants in the survey, of whom 95 were interviewed face to face in Port Moresby, 27 completed the survey online and 58 were interviewed face to face in Lae. The results are presented under the headings found in the questionnaire: characteristics of participants, perceptions of domestic violence, attitudes to gender and violence, knowledge of PNG family violence law and FPOs and recommended sources of help for victims. As this was an exploratory survey rather than a representative sample, a final section on the findings examines a limited number of independent variables — gender and place of residence — for the significance of their impact on key dependent variables.
Measurement of Ground-State Population in Ruby under Optical Pumping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Depopulation of ground-state Cr ions in ruby (DGS) under optical pumping with a Xe flash light has been measured as a function of time. Experiments have been made by means of measuring the decrease in absorbing power for a probe light (5790 Å or 5461 Å) from a Hg lamp. DGS reaches its maximum value after some delay from the peak of Xe light, and decreases after discontinuation of optical pumping with a time constant of 3.4 ms, which is the lifetime of metastable-state 2 E. During laser oscillation mean value of DGS is forced to take a constant value, which varies with the condition of laser oscillation. So long as the input energy to the Xe lamp is not altered, the shorter the duration of Xe flash light is, the higher becomes the maximum value of DGS. On the basis of the rate equation, these experimental results have been explained.
Effects of seasonal snow on the growing season of temperate vegetation in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Variations in seasonal snowfall regulate regional and global climatic systems and vegetation growth by changing energy budgets of the lower atmosphere and land surface. We investigated the effects of snow on the start of growing season ( SGS ) of temperate vegetation in C hina. Across the entire temperate region in C hina, the winter snow depth increased at a rate of 0.15 cm yr −1 ( P = 0.07) during the period 1982–1998, and decreased at a rate of 0.36 cm yr −1 ( P = 0.09) during the period 1998–2005. Correspondingly, the SGS advanced at a rate of 0.68 day yr −1 ( P < 0.01) during 1982–1998, and delayed at a rate of 2.13 day yr −1 ( P = 0.07) during 1998–2005, against a warming trend throughout the entire study period of 1982–2005. Spring air temperature strongly regulated the SGS of both deciduous broad‐leaf and coniferous forests, whereas the winter snow had a greater impact on the SGS of grassland and shrubs. Snow depth variation combined with air temperature contributed to the variability in the SGS of grassland and shrubs, as snow acted as an insulator and modulated the underground thermal conditions. In addition, differences were seen between the impacts of winter snow depth and spring snow depth on the SGS ; as snow depths increased, the effect associated went from delaying SGS to advancing SGS . The observed thresholds for these effects were snow depths of 6.8 cm (winter) and 4.0 cm (spring). The results of this study suggest that the response of the vegetation's SGS to seasonal snow change may be attributed to the coupling effects of air temperature and snow depth associated with the underground thermal conditions.
Interferon-γ secreted by recruited Th1 cells in peritoneal cavity inhibits the formation of malignant ascites

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Type1 T helper (Th1) cells generate an efficient antitumor immune response in multiple malignancies. The functions of Th1 cells in malignant ascites (MA) have not been elucidated. The distribution of helper T cells in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood was determined in patients and animal model with malignant ascites. The effects of Th1-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on the formation of malignant ascites were investigated. The mechanism underlying the recruitment of Th1 cells into peritoneal cavity was explored. In patients with malignant ascites and animal models of malignant ascites, the percentage of Th1 cells increased in peritoneal fluid compared with peripheral blood. Next, our experiment demonstrated that Th1 cells inhibited the growth of tumor cells by secreting IFN-γ in vitro. In murine models of malignant ascites, increased peritoneal fluid and shorter survival time were observed in IFN-γ−/− mice compared with WT mice. Then, the level of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9/10 and the ratio of CXCR3+ Th1 cells indicated the involvement of CXCL9, 10/CXCR3 axis in the recruitment of Th1 cells into peritoneal cavity. As expected, in murine models of malignant ascites, the gradient between ascites Th1 ratio and blood Th1 ratio decreased in CXCR3−/− mice compared with WT mice. IFN-γ secreted by recruited Th1 cells in peritoneal cavity inhibits the formation of malignant ascites. Hence, manipulation of Th1 cells or IFN-γ will provide a therapeutic candidate against malignant ascites.
Shaking table test and numerical simulation on a vertical hybrid structure under seismic excitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary A shaking table test of a 12‐story steel/reinforced concrete (S/RC) frame, which is composed of a 4‐story steel frame in the higher part, a 1‐story S/RC frame as a transition story in the middle part, and a 7‐story reinforced concrete (RC) frame in the lower part of the model, has been conducted, and its results are compared with those of a standard 12‐story RC frame to evaluate seismic performance of this S/RC frame. The numerical simulation on such hybrid frame structure has been performed and validated by the above experimental results. It is found that irregular lateral‐stiffness distribution along structural height will not only increase rotation at the joint of boundary between transition story and steel frame or concrete frame but also enlarge rotation at such joint and lead to more obvious rigid deformation in steel frame of S/RC frame, which will undoubtedly intensify bending failure. Meanwhile, acceleration response of the upper steel frame will reach its peak when characteristic site period is near the counterpart of the upper steel frame. Further, the maximum interstory drift under frequent earthquake excitation is at the lower substructure, namely, the RC frame, but this is not the case in rare earthquake situation. When it comes to determining damping ratio for vertical hybrid structure, a general method for engineering, which takes concrete and steel damping ratio for the whole structure analysis and then gets envelopes of these results for design, may yield conservative results. Meanwhile, such method may underestimate responses near the transition story.
<title>In-vivo multidistance multiwavelength time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy of layered tissues</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this work time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) measurements were performed in vivo on biological tissues (arm and forehead) over a broad spectral range (610-1000 nm) and at different interfiber distances (2-4 cm), by a fully automated system based on mode-locked, continuously tunable laser sources and on time-correlated single photon counting for detection. Preliminary estimates of average tissue optical properties are obtained by interpreting the TRS curves at each wavelength with a homogeneous model for photon migration. The scattering coefficient decreases progressively upon increasing wavelength, while the absorption line shapes show the typical spectral features of the principal tissue components (hemoglobin, water, and lipids), with different weight depending on the tissue type and structure. The best fit of the absorption spectra with the spectra of the pure constituents and of the reduced scattering spectra to Mie theory provided information on the average percentage composition of the different tissues and on the average equivalent tissue structure, respectively. Moreover, TRS measurements at different interfiber distances allowed us to probe different tissue depths, showing the presence of a inhomogeneous structure with different average optical properties.
A systematic review to compare physiotherapy treatment programmes for atraumatic shoulder instability

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BackgroundOptimal physiotherapy treatment is uncertain for atraumatic shoulder instability (ASI), the primary aim of this systematic scoping review was to compare physiotherapy treatment programmes for people with ASI. The secondary aims were to evaluate outcome measures used and to compare the effectiveness of these programmes.MethodsCINAHL, EMBASE and Medline databases were searched for studies, except single case studies, published between 1950 and July 2021. 12 critical appraisal items covered three domains; internal validity, transferability to wider population and reporting.ResultsTen studies were included; one randomised controlled trial, 6 cohort studies and 3 case series. There were 491 participants. Treatment programmes included education, movement re-education, static posture correction, shoulder muscle strengthening, functional training, and adjuncts. All studies used patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), 7 of which reported a statistically significant improvement (p DiscussionThere does not appear to be one optimal physiotherapy treatment programme for ASI. Future studies should use PROMs that are valid in the shoulder instability population and use more outcome measures that are specific to impairments being targeted.
Mística, myself and I: Beyond cultural politics in Brazil’s Landless Workers’ Movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How do grassroots social movements respond to shifting perceptions within their bases on key issues? This article centres its analysis on the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST – Landless Rural Workers’ Movement) and instances of the movement’s cultural activity, in particular, mística. It is recognised that the MST’s cultural activity reflects a deep engagement with cultural politics, and further, that the movement’s culture sector contributes directly to the delineation and formation of the ‘landless’ identity. However, from an ethnographic perspective and privileging the experiences of the members of the movement, this article goes beyond cultural politics to suggest that shifting notions of individualism, in the context of the movement’s cultural activity, are having an impact on MST artistic expression and members’ daily lives. The article argues that from within the bases of the movement, there has been a shift from what can be termed a receptive individualism, where members internalise cultural activity, to an expressive individualism, where members actively seek to shape the movement’s cultural programmes. Members speak of a lack of visceral energy that the culture sector’s activities used to possess, which provides the impetus for the article’s concluding remarks on how social movements respond to transformation more widely.
Chromosome specific microsatellite analysis of common wheat lines resistant to powdery mildew

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aim. Determine the chromosome localization of introgressions containing alien genes for resistance to powdery mildew transferred to the wheat genome from three Aegilops species: Ae. sharonensis, Ae. speltoides, and Ae. umbellulata. Methods. Comparative microsatellite analysis of amplicons’ spectra, derived from PCR with primers to SSR loci localized on seven chromosomes of wheat D subgenome. Results. Spectra of amplification of products with DNA of Aurora cultivar, genome substitution amphidiploids Aurosis, Aurodes and Aurolata, using primers to 44 microsatellite loci localized on seven chromosomes of common wheat D subgenome have been obtained. Absence of genome specificity has been determined for most of the analyzed loci. All the studied introgressive lines have been characterized by allele polymorphism for different number of microsatellite loci from all seven chromosomes of D subgenome. This polymorphism included new components in amplicons spectra, which have been different from components of Aurora and genome substituted amphidiploids. Heterozygous genotypes have been also observed. A part of polymorphic loci has been uninformative because the chromosome of genome substituted amphidiploid had null-allele for such loci. For specification of the information about homeological identity of alien chromatin in resistant lines, genes of morphological traits with known chromosome localization have been used. Conclusions. Screening of resistant to powdery mildew wheat introgressive lines for microsatellite loci does not allow an unambiguous identification of chromosome localization of resistance gene because of high polymorphism of microsatellite loci in the genomes of introgressive lines, and because many loci are non-informative. Assumptions have been made about possible connections of resistance genes with chromosomes of homeological groups 3 and 6 in lines derived from Aurodes; 1, 2, 3, and 6 – in lines derived from Aurolata; and homeological group 2 in lines derived from Aurosis.