jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Treatment of Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) restricted to the tumor bed, by means of an interstitial implant, and lasting 4 to 5 days after lumpectomy was prospectively evaluated in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). The goals of the study were to determine whether treatment time can be reduced and whether elective treatment of the entire breast is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1993 and January 2000, 174 cases of early-stage breast cancer were managed with lumpectomy followed by RT restricted to the tumor bed using an interstitial implant. Each brachytherapy patient was matched with one external-beam RT (ERT) patient derived from a reference group of 1,388 patients treated with standard BCT. Patients were matched for age, tumor size, histology, margins of excision, absence of an extensive intraductal component, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, and tamoxifen use. Median follow-up for both the ERT and brachytherapy groups was 36 months. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted in the 5-year actuarial rates of ipsilateral breast treatment failure or locoregional failure between ERT and brachytherapy patients (1% v 0%, P = .31 and 2% v 1%, P = .63, respectively). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences noted in rates of distant metastasis (6% v 3%, P = .24), disease-free survival (87% v 91%, P = .55), overall survival (90% v 93%, P = .66), or cause-specific survival (97% v 99%, P = .28). CONCLUSION: Accelerated treatment of breast cancer using an interstitial implant to deliver radiation to the tumor bed alone over 4 to 5 days seems to produce 5-year results equivalent to those achieved with conventional ERT. Extended follow-up will be required to determine the long-term efficacy of this treatment approach.
Importance of biophysical forcing of global land cover to local precipitation and water vapor budget on the Loess Plateau of China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land use and cover change (LULCC) is an important climatic forcing. However, it is challenging to quantify the responses of local precipitation to LULCC forcing due to the complex interaction between the land surface and atmosphere. The ecologically fragile Loess Plateau (LP) of China has experienced evident changes in precipitation patterns, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The biophysical effects of LULCC on precipitation and the water vapor balance in the LP region were quantified based on the LULCC forcing experiments from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We found that the selected 11 Earth system models (ESMs) reproduced the general spatial pattern of annual precipitation on the LP region, with slight overestimation in the southern LP. The multimodel ensemble (MME) average showed that global LULCC forcing exerted a negative effect on long-term mean precipitation in this region during the period of 1850-2014. In particular, it decreased evidently during the period from 1850 to 1960, with a reduction of approximately 14.1 mm. However, a positive effect was detected for the period of 1961-2014, with an increase of 6.4 mm in annual precipitation. This is largely related to the intensified water vapor transport in the southern boundary and westerly belt of the LP region resulting from global LULCC forcing. Furthermore, water vapor balance analysis showed that global LULCC forcing resulted in a divergence in water vapor transport within the LP region, leading to a net water vapor output to the surrounding regions. These findings highlight the importance of considering global LULCC, in addition to regional LULCC, in studying regional climate change and associated impacts on the water cycle.
THE POSSIBILITY OF EDUCATION ABOUT RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\nIn Japan, religious education is usually divided into three categories; education about religions or religious knowledge, education to inculcate religious sentiment, and sectarian or confessional education. Education about religion can be taught at public schools, while confessional education is prohibited. Long discussions have been held regarding the inculcation of religious sentiment in postwar Japan. Some insist that it should be taught even at public schools, and others oppose this claim mainly based on the reflection of the influence of State Shinto in the prewar period, when the state and religion (Shrine Shinto) were deeply interconnected. The Basic Law on Education was revised in December, 2006, soon after the inauguration of the Abe cabinet. The article concerning religious education was moderated slightly with the words “general learning regarding religion” added to the sentence. However, as Japanese society has tended to avoid discussions on religious education in the postwar period, it might be quite difficult to establish a new education plan based on the former perspectives, especially regarding the inculcation of religious sentiment. The idea of education in religious culture has been introduced to seek for a new perspective on the problem. This perspective aims to promote a deeper understanding of the Japanese people’s own religious culture, as well as that of foreign nations. According to this plan, such religious education could be introduced even at public schools. Surveys and other research data from in recent years indicate that religious culture education would be far more acceptable to people, including students, than education for the “inculcation of religious sentiment.” Moreover, in the age of globalization, this type of religious education seems to be necessary for countries other than Japan as well. As a matter of fact, similar attempts can be observed in the U.S., the U.K., Australia, and other countries. These nations seem to share the following common problems: influence of globalization, influence of the information age (especially the Internet), and the “cults” problem.\n
Incidence of Four Major Citrus Viruses on Citrus unshiu in Jeju Island

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was carried out to determine the distribution of 4 kinds of citrus viruses, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV), Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) in the Citrus unshiu. The samples were harvested from 20 leaves each groove in the Jeju island and analyzed by multiplex PCR. The result showed that 95.5% and 1.5% of 400 trees in 20 grooves were infected with CTV and CTLV, respectively, and SDV or CiMV was not detected in any of the trees tested. The infection rate of CTV was greatly induced and the infection rates of CTLV, SDV, and CiMV were reduced compared to previous survey report in 1999.
Introducing misoprostol for the treatment of incomplete abortion in\nNigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite legal restriction, induced abortions and resulting\ncomplications are common in Nigeria. Misoprostol administration for\nincomplete abortion was introduced in 3 Nigerian hospitals. The\nfeasibility of the hospitals, patient and provider acceptability were\nassessed using questionnaire and interview guides administered to 205\nwomen and 17 providers respectively. Amongst the women, 194 (95%) were\nsatisfied and very satisfied with misoprostol, 176 (86%) would choose\nmisoprostol again if another incomplete abortion occurred and 191 (93%)\nwould recommend it to another woman in a similar situation. Providers\nwere highly satisfied with misoprostol. The ease of use and ability to\nredirect surgical resources to more complicated issues were positive\nfeatures cited by them. The providers agreed that integration of\nmisoprostol was straightforward and required few resources. Therefore,\nmisoprostol for incomplete abortion is safe, efficacious and acceptable\nto providers and patients. In remote areas of Nigeria with limited\npost-abortion care (PAC), misoprostol administration is an important\npotential PAC treatment modality. Features of misoprostol-low cost,\nroom temperature stability, and ease of introduction-render it an\nimportant treatment option, particularly in low resource and rural\nsettings (Afr J Reprod Health 2011; 15[4]: 42-50).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1981

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plots were direct seeded Jan 9 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to one plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6 ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 20 to May 8 for a total of 12 applications. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 1 the number of live vegetable leafminer larvae per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from the terminal) were counted on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on Apr 30 and May 13. The percent southern armyworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot on each date. The vegetable leafminer and southern armyworm populations were lower than usual. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Future Aims and Methods in Research in Prehistoric Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

EARLY Europe is an inviting area, especially from the teaching point of view, because of all continents it has been most fully studied from the time of its earliest inhabitants until the present. For the chronology of the early periods the use of geology and palaeobotany and for the later periods the tracing of imported objects and cultural influences from areas dated by historical record establish a procedure that is of value in many other archaeological fields. The unity of the subject is also worth emphasizing. The classical archaeologist is likely to be interested in the Aegean and Italy without caring to trace their connections in the European hinterland, and the prehistorians of the rest of the continent have too often been content to pursue problems of local significance without relation to the Mediterranean, the Middle East or the Soviet Union. Europe is after all inseparable from the Old World as a whole.
Development of Oil Prices and its Impact on Inflation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Cilem diplomove prace je zkoumani vztahu mezi vývojem cen ropy a mirou inflace. Ropa patři k hlavnim vstupům ekonomik, a proto take změna jeji ceny ovlivňuje agregatni nabidku a makroekonomicke indikatory, mezi něž se řadi take inflace. Ukolem je analyzovat, zda-li je mezi cenami ropy a inflaci pozitivni vztah. Teoreticka cast prace se soustřeďuje na teorii inflace, jeji komponenty a způsoby měřeni. Dale je v teto casti diskutovan chronologický vývoj cen ropy a z něj vyplývajici vztah mezi cenami ropy a inflaci. Prakticka cast pracuje s ekonometrickým modelem, který je použit za ucelem testovani vztahu mezi změnami cen ropy a inflace. Model pracuje s ctvrtletnimi daty USA sesbiranými z americkeho uřadu pro energeticke informace, který poskytuje oficialni energeticke statistiky (U.S. Energy Information Administration) a Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Model je postaven na casovem obdobi od ledna 1986 do března 2014. Zavěrecna cast prace diskutuje výsledky provedene analýzy a poskytuje porovnani výsledků ctyř použitých modelů spolecně s diskuzi o naplněni cilů.
Qosja (Rexhep), La question albanaise

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Au moment où les armes se taisaient en Bosnie est paru un ouvrage rappelant opportunément qu'il subsiste dans les Balkans une question nationale sans solution, et qui en propose une. Organisé en dix chapitres chronologiques qui resituent la question albanaise dans une perspective historique en partant de la Renaissance nationale de la seconde moitié du XIXème s., il comporte deux temps forts. Le premier (chapitre IV) traite de la Conférence des ambassadeurs de Londres, qui, réglant en 1913 le...
Massonia amoena (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a striking new species from the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As part of an ongoing study towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Massonia Houtt., a new species, Massonia amoena Mart.-Azorín, M.Pinter & Wetschnig, is here described from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This new species is characterized by the leaves bearing heterogeneous circular to elongate pustules and the strongly reflexed perigone segments at anthesis. It is at first sight related to Massonia jasminiflora Burch. ex Baker, M. wittebergensis U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies and M. saniensis Wetschnig, Mart.-Azorín & M.Pinter, but differs in vegetative and floral characters, as well as in its allopatric distribution. A complete morphological description of the new species and data on biology, habitat, and distribution are presented.
Study on Grafting Seedling of Japan Jin Persimmon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Test results showed that different time and different methods on grafting Japan Jin persimmon significantly affected seedling survival rate.Grafting was carried out in early April in Tianshui city,and the seedling sur-vival rate is high and the average survival rate achieved 79.3%;grafting was carried out by adopting cleft graft,and its seedling survival rate is high and the average survival rate achieved 73.3%;different grafting methods and different grafting time had no significant effect on seedling increment.
bayesianmice: A Bayesian model-based investigation of Candida albicans colonization in a preclinical mouse model.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The bayesianmice repository provides the complete underlying data and code for all the figures in the "Results" section in the manuscript: Shankar, J. et al. Using Bayesian modelling to investigate factors governing antibiotic-induced Candida albicans colonization of the GI tract. Scientific Reports. 5, 8131; DOI:10.1038/srep08131 (2015). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08131 The main website, data and additional documentation is @ the main project website. For model specifications, underlying theory as well as a comparative evaluation of BMA ensemble regression against other ensemble regression models, please review: Shankar J, Szpakowski S et al. A systematic evaluation of high-dimensional, ensemble-based regression for exploring large model spaces in microbiome analyses. BMC Bioinformatics. 2015 Feb;16(1):31+. DOI:10.1186/s12859-015-0467-6. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0467-6.
Development of boceprevir: a first‐in‐class direct antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) as the causative agent of non‐A and non‐B hepatitis, over 20 years ago, fueled an intensive effort to develop direct‐acting antivirals targeting the viral polymerase and protease, two key proteins critical for HCV replication. However, it took more than two decades for these efforts to be realized with boceprevir, one of the two HCV protease inhibitors approved for treatment of HCV infection in 2011. The development of boceprevir is a major advancement in the ability to treat HCV infection and a significant step toward the long‐term goal of eradicating chronic HCV infection. Both as a first‐in‐class agent and an entirely new modality for treating HCV infection, many challenges were encountered during the discovery and development of this compound. The lessons learned in overcoming these obstacles offer insights and pave the way for the newly emerging field of HCV antiviral therapeutics. This paper will describe the discovery and development of a first‐in‐class direct antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection, boceprevir, marketed around the world as Victrelis TM .
The Integration of Preservice Teachers’ Naive and Informed Beliefs about Learning and Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Preservice teacher education students are likely to have acquired naive beliefs about learning and teaching, that need to be integrated with theoretically informed beliefs, if they are to function effectively in classrooms. This study explored the nature of such integration using a sample of Graduate Diploma in Education students engaged in an educational psychology subject which was designed to help students develop constructivist beliefs and approaches to learning. Investigation of students’ journal entries, written statements, and stimulated recall interviews related to videotaped practice teaching sessions, revealed that students were able to integrate prior beliefs with the theoretical content of the course, enabling them to describe, and in some cases, evidence informed conditional knowledge.
Micronucleus assay for predicting side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment for cervical cancer. The quality of life of patients undergoing RT may be compromised during and following treatment by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, erythema and fistula. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays may be useful for predicting adverse effects of RT for cancer. The CBMN test is easy to perform and is reproducible for screening subjects exposed to ionizing radiation. We investigated the use of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) from peripheral blood samples, irradiated in vitro, as a possible biomarker to predict the side effects of RT in patients with cervical cancer. We used 10 patients with cervical cancer receiving RT and chemotherapy. We found a strong relation between the frequency of MN and the appearance of acute side effects of RT for cervical cancer. We suggest that the methodology presented here may be useful for predicting side effects of RT for patients affected by cervical cancer and who have undergone chemotherapy.
The impact of workgroup commitment on organizational citizenship behaviour, absenteeism and turnover intention: the case of Germany and China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In Western cultures, high correlations have been found between commitment, turnover and performance. While most studies only consider organizational commitment, this study compares the influence of commitment to the workgroup on relevant outcomes (organizational citizenship behaviour, absenteeism, turnover intention) in different cultural contexts. Data were collected from German and Chinese employees. As expected, results indicate that workgroup commitment is more predictive in a collectivistic than in an individualistic context. Moreover, the relationships between components and foci of commitment were stronger in a collectivistic context. The results are discussed in the light of cross-cultural human resources management issues.
Orthodontic Treatment and Central Incisors: a Study by CBCT Analysis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

To determine potential risks and critical orthodontic movements of central incisors. CBCT analysis of 66 patients (aged 12-38 years; 30 adolescents and 36 adults; 33 males and 33 females). We evaluated alveolar bones (crests, plates, ridges) surrounding central incisors from buccal and lingual sides, and at multiple levels using the "Ez3D-plus" program with regard to buccolingual inclination and effective length of premaxilla/length of the mental protuberance. We identified: - Potential risks in the maxilla, in case of 1) Proclined central incisors, on the first buccal coronal third and lingual side of alveolar bone. 2) ELP < 13 mm, with buccal movement. - Potential risks in mandible, in case of 1) Retroclined central incisors, on the first lingual coronal third and buccal apical two-thirds of alveolar bone. 2) LMP > 9 mm. - Critical orthodontic movements: 1) Buccal tipping of mandibular central incisors is more critical in adolescents. 2) Lingual tipping of mandibular central incisors is more critical than of maxillary ones in all groups, at the level of the alveolar crest. In adult males, at the first lingual coronal third of the alveolar plate. In adult females, at the buccal apical level. 3) Movement towards cortical bone: In all groups, buccal movements of maxillary central incisors are more critical than of mandibular ones, and lingual movements of mandibular central incisors are more critical than of maxillary ones, especially in adult males. We recommend an accurate diagnosis of incisors position and alveolar bone status, and planning of orthodontic treatment at an earlier age.
The Expression of S100A4 Protein in Different Thyroid Tissue and Associated with Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the expression of S100A4 protein in different thyroid tumor and related with metastasis.Methods: The expression of S100A4 protein was detected in 130 cases of thyroid tissue by immunohistochemistry.There were 55 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 30 cases of matched samples of adjacent normal thyroid tissue,15 cases of follicular thyroid carcinoma,10 case of medullar thyroid carcinoma,50 cases of benign thyroid neoplasm(25 cases of simple benign multimodal goiters and 25 cases of follicular adenoma),5 cases of normal thyroid tissue.Results:The positive expression rate of S100A4 protein in thyroid carcinoma was 77.5%(62/80)and 16.0%(8/50)in benign thyroid neoplasm.The expression rate of S100A4 protein was negative in normal thyroid tissues and samples of adjacent normal thyroid tissue.The positive expression rate in thyroid carcinoma was much higher than that in benign thyroid neoplasm and in normal thyroid tissue(P0.01).The positive rate of S100A4 was 83.3%(25/30)in the group with lymph node metastasis and 74.0%(37/50)in the group without lymph node metastasis thyroid carcinoma.There was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).In 30 cases of primary tumors and their matched lymph node metastasis,the expression of S100A4 in matched lymph node metastasis tissues was higher than its primary thyroid carcinoma(P0.01).Conclusion: Over expression of S100A4 may be closely related with the metastases in thyroid carcinoma.S100A4 might be useful as one of the valuable markers for patients with thyroid carcinoma in progression.