jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FAK mediates hypoxia‐induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by modulating mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1/cyclin D1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of FAK‐dependent hypoxia‐induced proliferation on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). Primary HPASMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro under normal and hypoxia conditions to assess cell proliferation with cell counting kit‐8. FAK and mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1 (mTERF1) were silenced with siRNA, mRNA, and protein levels of FAK, mTERF1, and cyclin D1 were determined. HPASMC proliferation increased under hypoxia compared to normal conditions. Knocking down FAK or mTERF1 with siRNA led to decreased cell proliferation under both normal and hypoxia conditions. FAK knockdown led to the reduction of both mTERF1 and cyclin D1 expressions under the hypoxia conditions, whereas mTERF1 knockdown led to the downregulation of cyclin D1 expression but not FAK expression under the same condition. However, under normal conditions, knocking down either FAK or mTERF1 had no impact on cyclin D1 expression. These results suggested that FAK may regulate the mTERF1/cyclin D1 signaling pathway to modulate cell proliferation in hypoxia.
HIGH TEMPERATURE RADIATION DAMAGE TO GRAPHITE. PART I. PREPARATION OF GRAPHITES FOR IRRADIATION

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

associated with the phase transformation. Other variables such as the length-diameter ratio (constant diameter) had little or no influence on the amount of physical damage. The dimensional growth was both radial and longitudinal. The tensile strength and the yield strength of tensile specimens cycled ten times between the gamnna and alpha phases were decreased to an average of 30,000 and 26,000 psi, respectively. (auth)
A unique interhelical insertion in plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 contains three glutamines, Gln83, Gln84, Gln86, essential for transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) prevents fibrinolysis by blocking plasminogen activators. It is expressed principally by trophoblast cells and macrophages. PAI-2 in trophoblast membranes has been found cross-linked to large complexes apparently catalyzed by trophoblast transglutaminase (Jensen, P. H., Lorand, L., Ebbesen, P., and Gliemann, J. (1993) Eur. J. Biochem. 214, 141-146). Recombinant human PAI-2 was labeled with [14C]putrescine catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase. The [14C]putrescine-labeled PAI-2 was digested with cyanogen bromide and trypsin, and the peptides were purified by reverse-phase high performance chromatography. Amino acid sequencing and plasma desorption mass spectrometry of the labeled peptides revealed [14C]putrescine incorporation at Gln83, Gln84, and Gln86. These residues are present in a PAI-2-specific region of 33 amino acids that is inserted between helices C and D and which probably represents a unique solvent-exposed domain. A PAI-2 mutant lacking this insertion was determined not to be a substrate for transglutaminase by [14C]putrescine incorporation and could not form transglutaminase-catalyzed polymers. Thus, the unique PAI-2 insertion represents a functional domain that, by virtue of its transglutaminase acceptor sites, allows participation in binding reactions without affecting the inhibitory function of PAI-2.
Somatic and Body Composition Factors Underlying Aerobic Capacity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of somatic and body composition variables on aerobic capacity among the male college students. Five hundred (250 trained and 250 untrained) young college levels male students (mean age 20.54 years) participated in this study. In order to evaluate the somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy) and body composition variables (body mass index, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass, % skeletal mass and body surface area) researcher applied a testing procedure that included measurements of height (cm), body weight (kg), five muscle girths (upper arm, fore arm, chest, thigh and calf) in cm, four bone diameters (humerus, bistyloid, femur and bimalleolus) in cm, and eight skinfolds thickness (triceps, sub-scapular, suprailiac, pectoral, axilla, abdominal, thigh and calf) in mm. Estimation of aerobic capacity through V ̇O2max. Queen College Step Test was administered. A negative correlation was found between the body fat percentage and V ̇O2max. Also a negative correlation was found to V ̇O2max.with body surface area and endomorphy of both trained and untrained groups. The lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and mesomorphy components of somatotype have the greatest positive correlations with V ̇O2max.
The Excretion of Catecholamines in Rats During Acute and Chronic Exposure to Altitude

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The response of the sympathoadrenal medullary system in rats exposed to altitude has been assessed in terms of excretion of free noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) in the urine. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were either exposed acutely to simulated altitudes of 18 000 ft and 24 000 ft for 6 h or chronically to 18 000 ft for 5 weeks. Acutely exposed animals showed a considerable increase in the excretion of both catecholamines at 18 000 ft and 24 000 ft accompanied by a fall in body temperature. Acclimation to 18 000 ft by chronic exposure was achieved either by allowing the animals to reach the final altitude in stages during the 1st week, or by placing them directly at 18 000 ft. Body weight measurements confirmed that the second exposure condition was the more stressful. Although both groups showed an increase in NA excretion in the initial stages, only the second group exhibited an increase in A excretion. As the exposure continued, NA excretion returned towards sea level values. Preexposed animals maintained their body temperature at 18 000 ft and, when subsequently exposed to 24 000 ft for 6 h, did not excrete increased levels of NA or A. Increased activity of the sympathoadrenal medullary system appears to be involved only in the initial stages of acclimation to altitude.
GIARDIASIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As has been shown by investigations and stated in a previous paper,1infection with the flagellate Giardia lamblia often causes complaints and symptoms. The three characteristic signs are: (1) abdominal complaints, (2) anemia and (3) retarded development. The abdominal complaints may easily be explained by the mechanical action of the parasites. When the disease is severe the intestines are inundated by innumerable protozoa, several of them being attached to each epithelial cell by aid of their peristomes. (In rabbits Jassinowski2found a million organisms per square centimeter.) The flagellae protrude into the intestinal lumen and by their constant movement maintain a permanent inflammation. The cause of the anemia has been studied for a long time. The supposition of Infurna3that the protozoon "eats red blood corpuscles" is not plausible, especially in view of the fact that no blood corpuscles or their fragments or any products of their
Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus were screened for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Antimicrobial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) against four strains of Gram positive bacteria, three strains of Gram negative bacteria and three species of fungi. The antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Plectranthus ambionicus and Phyllanthus amarus showed varied levels of antimicrobial activity against the studied bacterial and fungal pathogens. The mean zone of inhibition produced by all the tested extracts ranged from 7.0 ± 0.50 mm to 29.5 ± 0.50 mm. The MIC, MBC and MFC values were between 15.62 and 1000 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus ambionicus showed good antimicrobial activity with the highest mean zone of inhibition (29.5±0.5 mm), lowest MIC (15.62 μg/mL) and MBC (31.25 μg/mL) values followed by ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus(23.6±0.50 mm; MIC=62.5; MBC=125 μg/mL) against Aspergillus fumigates.
Exploring the experiences of family caregivers with low income accessing health care services for children with inborn errors of metabolism

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) have been shown to impact the wellbeing of family caregivers, with more challenges experienced by families with lower income. The main objective of this study was to gain understanding of the experiences of family caregivers with low income accessing diagnosis-related care for their children with IEMs in Manitoba. Secondary objectives included: (1) To explore the factors that facilitate or cause difficulties accessing IEM-related care, (2) To explore the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family caregivers’ experiences of accessing IEM-related care, and (3) To compare the experiences of accessing IEM-related care for urban and rural families. This mixed methods study involved the distribution of a survey to 98 family caregivers of children with IEMs who access care in Manitoba. Additionally, we conducted eight semi-structured individual interviews with survey respondents to further explore the experiences of these family caregivers. These qualitative interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify themes and make recommendations to improve access to care. Twenty-five surveys were returned, and descriptive statistics are presented on the experiences of these study participants. Additionally, qualitative analysis revealed that participants found caregiving was overwhelming and consuming especially throughout the first year following a positive newborn screen. Participants expressed that they were lacking psychosocial support as well as assistance with navigating financial resources. Participants also recognized many costs of care, shared experiences outlining difficulties in accessing care, and described changes in care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research reveals the unmet needs of family caregivers of children with IEMs in Manitoba, especially in the psychosocial and financial domains. Study findings will enable genetic counsellors to advocate for equitable access to metabolic care in Manitoba and beyond.
Ka-band MEMS TTD passive electronically scanned array (ESA)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, design, fabrication and measurement results of the first MEMS based, passive subarray is discussed. The system is based on distributed MEMS transmission lines (DMTL) by Barker and Rebeiz, (2003), which are the lowest loss analog time delay units (TDUs) currently available, outperforming contemporary MMIC, ferroelectric and photonic true time delay (TTD) units in terms of loss and outperforming digital beamforming (DBF) technology in terms of cost and feasibility. Also, in contrast to switched beamforming networks (BFN) based on SPNT switches and constrained lenses, such as the bootlace, Rotman and Archer lens, the noise figure of the passive line array scales readily with the amount of antenna elements and the transmit power is distributed and not limited by the SPNT, making it the subarray of choice for future integration in a hybrid ESA
Blending as a Productive Way of Word Formation in English-Language Chat Communications

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the research is to identify structural and semantic models of blends, using the material of the English-language chat “Tandem”, and to determine their productivity in the word-formation system of modern English communication. The paper identifies the most frequently used types of blend formation, characterises the main trends in their semantic structure, analyses their functional significance in modern chat communication. Scientific novelty lies in conducting a comprehensive study of a popular English-language chat, aimed at identifying features of blends in chat discourse, both in their structure and semantics. As a result of the research, the productivity of blending in modern English word formation has been confirmed, which indicates a trend towards the economy of language means in communication.
Opportunism still remained alive: conditional limits of trust and contract in software projects

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Based on a survey study of 138 software buyers in Turkey, this study examines conditional indirect effects of requirements uncertainty on supplier opportunism where buyer dependence, a proxy for relation-specific investments, undertakes a mediator role. The authors consider a two-level moderation effect of trust and contract in buyer–supplier relationships throughout the software project lifecycle. Design/methodology/approach A survey-based empirical study was conducted, and conditional process analyses were run using PROCESS macro in SPSS. The present study tests a two-stage moderated mediation model in which competence-based trust with a detailed contract setting moderates the mediational path from requirements uncertainty to buyer dependence. Findings The data obtained from the buyer side in the Turkish software industry showed that a relationship in which the buyer is structurally dependent begins at a high level of trust. On the other hand, the authors found that contractual rigidity fosters supplier opportunism ex-post in evolving process of the relationship. Originality/value This study contributes to project management literature by testing a two-level moderation effect of governance and the mediator role of buyer dependence in the relationship between requirements uncertainty and supplier opportunism. Moving differently from the previous studies, this study integrates contributions of both economic perspectives, such as resource dependence theory and transaction cost analysis, and relational perspectives into the information processing view.
Through the Pharmacist’s Lens: A Qualitative Study of Antibiotic Misuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazilian Communities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: AMR causes a large global health burden, with approximately 4.95 million deaths linked to bacterial AMR in 2019, 1.27 million due to AMR directly. Although Brazil mandated prescriptions for systemic antibiotics in 2010/2011, self-medication and access without prescriptions continue, with community pharmacists playing a vital part in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). This study examined antibiotic misuse and AMR in Brazil through community pharmacists’ perspectives, emphasising their dual role as professional actors and frontline observers of public behaviour. Methods: We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists and performed reflexive thematic analysis of their accounts, repeating five independent analytic cycles to confirm thematic robustness. Results: Six themes were consistently identified as recounted by pharmacists in their practice contexts: Access and Self-Medication; Relationships with Healthcare Professionals; Knowledge and Beliefs about Antibiotics; Use and Adherence; Healthcare System Barriers; and Regulation and Enforcement. Pharmacists mentioned regular requests for antibiotics without prescriptions, drug reuse, and significant impact from community, i.e., from relatives, and peers. The common misunderstanding was that antibiotics treat viral illnesses. Structural issues, for instance GP appointment costs and long waits, made patients seek help from pharmacies. Due to regulation being applied inconsistently, pharmacies struggled to refuse unsuitable requests. Conclusions: Framed through pharmacists’ dual vantage as professionals and frontline observers, the findings highlight intertwined factors underpinning inappropriate antibiotic use in Brazil and support a multi-pronged intervention spanning health system strengthening, professional education, economic considerations, and community engagement.
A study on labour productivity in construction industry – A review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Further developing creation effectiveness is the most significant test in both created and agricultural nations. Building development projects are influenced by expense, time, quality, wellbeing, etc. The current cutthroat climate in building development is driving development organizations to expand their work usefulness to keep up with their situation in the business. Consequently, distinguishing and dissecting the elements that influence work usefulness in building development turns into a critical issue. There are many investigations in analytical writing that have analyzed these variables. A methodical outline of chosen research from logical diaries in development the board distinguishes essential examination regions as components impacting work efficiency, techniques to develop work usefulness further, patterns in labor usefulness in development, and correlations.
Optical damage and self-damage in semiconductor laser materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Experimental data are reviewed on optical damage phenomena occurring underexternal laser irradiation and self-damage phenomena in semiconductor laser materials. Laser irradiation damage threshold is found much higher for monochromatic emission within the transparency range than in absorption range. Different physical models are considered critically to explain experimental data and discuss measures for improvement of the optical 'strength' of laser materials. It is discussed also that calculated thermal balance for semiconductor laser self- damage is not in good agreement with observation of damaging that shows signs of thermal destructive process.
Time Series Analysis for Traffic Flow Using Dynamic Linear Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

도시 내의 교통흐름을 정확히 분석하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 특히, 교통사고나 보행자, 교차로 등은 도시 내의 교통흐름을 분석하는데 있어서 어려움을 가중시킨다. 현재 소도시(예를 들어 전라남도 순천시)들에도 버스 정보시스템(Bus Information System, BIS)이 보급되어 있고 이를 통하여 도착시간 예측 등과 같은 정보를 제공하고 있다. BIS는 버스의 위치, 구간별 이동시간, 출발-도착 시간등을 제공하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 BIS로부터 정류장 간의 평균 이동 시간, 그리고 이동 거리 등을 시간대 별로 추출하여 도시 내의 교통흐름을 시계열 분석하고자 한다. 소도시의 경우 버스 정보는 도시교통 흐름을 설명하는 중요하고 효과적인 자료이다. 앞서 언급한 신호등 지연, 보행자, 교차로 등은 교통흐름을 분석하고 예측하는데 어려움을 더한다. 본 논문에서는 동적 선형 모델(Dyanamic Linear Model, DLM)을 이용하여 중요 구간의 교통흐름을 시계열 분석하고 예측하는 방법을 제시한다. 이때 구간별 통행 속도를 평일과 주말로 나누어 분석한다. DLM을 이용하여 구간별 이동속도의 시계열 분석을 통하여 도시 내의 교통흐름을 파악하여 향후 교통 체증 및 혼잡 구간을 예보하고 버스의 정확한 도착시간을 예측하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다. It is very challenging to analyze the traffic flow in the city because there are lots of traffic accidents, intersections, and pedestrians etc. Now, even in mid-size cities Bus Information Systems(BIS) have been deployed, which have offered the forecast of arriving times at the stations to passengers. BIS also provides more informations such as the current locations, departure-arrival times of buses. In this paper, we perform the time-series analysis of the traffic flow using the data of the average trvel time and the average speed between stations extracted from the BIS. In the mid size cities, the data from BIS will have a important role on prediction and analysis of the traffic flow. We used the Dynamic Linear Model(DLM) for how to make the time series forecasting model to analyze and predict the average speeds at the given locations, which seem to show the representative of traffics in the city. Especially, we analysis travel times for weekdays and weekends separately. We think this study can help forecast the traffic jams, congestion areas and more accurate arrival times of buses.
Preparatory tests for immunodetection of microtubules in protoplasts during IML-2.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Preparatory tests to improve methods for detection of cortical microtubules (cMTs) in rapeseed protoplasts for the IML-2 experiment "TRANSFORM" were undertaken. This study is based on the results obtained in the "PROTO" experiment onboard the shuttle Discovery during an 8-day IML-1 flight in 1992. The use of free-floating protoplasts on IML-1 made it technically impossible for the astronauts to remove the glutaraldehyde fixative during the orbital period resulting in high background fluorescence which made it very difficult to detect MTs. In order to avoid this on the IML-2 mission, protoplasts will be immobilized in alginate beads. The effect of variable concentrations and fixation periods for two different fixatives on the preservation of cMTs was tested. Best results were obtained using 3.5% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 1 hour, but 1% glutaraldehyde (GA) also gave acceptable results. The effect of low temperatures on microtubule depolymerization was also examined as freshly isolated protoplasts have to be kept at 5 degrees C for up to 20 hours pre-launch and before activation of Biorack. Only slight changes in cMT-appearance were observed at 4 degrees C indicating a minor depolymerization compared to the cMTs in non-chilled protoplasts.