jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Major and Trace Element Composition Differences Revealed in Porcine Intestine by Dynamic Analysis and MeV Ion Microscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Physiologically relevant concentrations in biological tissue, in the in vivo, state are of the order of μmol L −1 and mmol L −1 . Up to the present, mapping the major elements in the matrix and its thickness has been neglected, despite their importance for quantification of lesser and trace element concentrations. Ryan and Jamieson's dynamic analysis, statistical spectral decomposition approach, is developed to quantitatively measure ex vivo tissue sections cut using a cryomicrotome. This mitigates the problem that physical analysis methods require a vacuum environment. This approach is used to quantitatively image the major matrix elements H, C, N, and O as well as trace maps of Ca, Fe, and Zn in a tissue section of porcine intestine. This sample is selected as it exhibits a complex morphology with multiple tissue compartments (such as muscle and mucosa, as well as void areas from blood vessels, lymph ducts, sinuses crypts, and villi. In the results, it is demonstrated that different tissue types can have a different matrix composition and thickness. Using this information, quantitative maps and elemental molarities for the lesser and trace elements Ca, Fe, and Zn are obtained.
Preventing Intubation-Related Cardiac Arrest in ICU: A Promising New Ventilation Mask

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy This work was performed at Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute. Supported, in part, by departmental funds. Drs. Landoni and Cabrini disclosed that they patented the Janus mask described in the article. Dr. Pieri has disclosed that she does not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Closed CO2 cycle in the container glass production

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we will examine the feasibility and costs to implement carbon capture and utilization in the glass industry in order to reutilize the flue gases of a glass furnace to supply it with synthetic natural gas. The CAPEX, OPEX and net production costs were calculated. Additionally, an algorithm to identify preferential times of electricity usage, based on the electricity day ahead market, as well as storage and production capabilities was generated and implemented. As a result, we present the opportunities and challenges to decarbonize the glass furnace via CCU and the most economical solutions for the elected parameter values.
Shark Catch Trends and Effort Reduction in the Beach Protection Program, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Elasmobranch Fisheries - Oral)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Shark nets have been set off the beaches of KwaZulu -Natal, South Africa, since 1952, to minimise risk of shark attack. Reliable catch data for each of the 14 shark species commonly caught are available from 1978 only. The nets fish in fixed localities very close to shore and there is an absence of fisheries independent data for most species. There is uncertainty about factors such as localised stock depletion and philopatry. Catch rates of seven species show a significant decline, but this figure drops to four with the exclusion of the confounding effects of the annual sardine run. Of the four, two are caught in very low numbers (Java Carcharhinus amboinensis and great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran) and it is probable that any decline in population size reflects either local depletion or additional exploitation elsewhere. The other two species (blacktip C. limbatus and scalloped hammerhead S. lewini) are caught in greater numbers. C. limbatus appears to have been subject to local depletion. Newborn S. lewini are captured by prawn trawlers and discarded, mostly dead, adding to pressure on this species. As a precautionary measure, and in the absence of clarity on the question of stock depletion, in September 1999 a process of reducing the number of nets per installation was begun, with a view to reducing catches. In addition, a final phase of experimentation with drumlines (set lines, each with a single baited hook) began in March 2001. Once complete, it is hoped that some of the remaining nets will be replaced with drumlines. Drumlines are mo re selective than nets in terms of shark species caught, and take little non-shark bycatch. An essential consideration throughout the process is that bather safety remains the priority.
Memory Uncertainty Learning for Real-World Single Image Deraining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single image deraining has witnessed dramatic improvements by training deep neural networks on large-scale synthetic data. However, due to the discrepancy between authentic and synthetic rain images, it is challenging to directly extend existing methods to real-world scenes. To address this issue, we propose a memory-uncertainty guided semi-supervised method to learn rain properties simultaneously from synthetic and real data. The key aspect is developing a stochastic memory network that is equipped with memory modules to record prototypical rain patterns. The memory modules are updated in a self-supervised way, allowing the network to comprehensively capture rainy styles without the need for clean labels. The memory items are read stochastically according to their similarities with rain representations, leading to diverse predictions and efficient uncertainty estimation. Furthermore, we present an uncertainty-aware self-training mechanism to transfer knowledge from supervised deraining to unsupervised cases. An additional target network is adopted to produce pseudo-labels for unlabeled data, of which the incorrect ones are rectified by uncertainty estimates. Finally, we construct a new large-scale image deraining dataset of 10.2 k real rain images, significantly improving the diversity of real rain scenes. Experiments show that our method achieves more appealing results for real-world rain removal than recent state-of-the-art methods.
Flotillins in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Flotillins are highly conserved proteins that localize into specific cholesterol rich microdomains in cellular membranes. They have been shown to be associated with, for example, various signaling pathways, cell adhesion, membrane trafficking and axonal growth. Recent findings have revealed that flotillins are frequently overexpressed in various types of human cancers. We here review the suggested functions of flotillins during receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and in cancer. Although flotillins have been implicated as putative cancer therapy targets, we here show that great caution is required since flotillin ablation may result in effects that increase instead of decrease the activity of specific signaling pathways. On the other hand, as flotillin overexpression appears to be related with metastasis formation in certain cancers, we also discuss the implications of these findings for future therapy aspects.
Multi-Vehicle Control in Roundabouts using Decentralized Game-Theoretic Planning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Safe navigation in dense, urban driving environments remains an open problem and an active area of research. Unlike typical predict-then-plan approaches, game-theoretic planning considers how one vehicle's plan will affect the actions of another. Recent work has demonstrated significant improvements in the time required to find local Nash equilibria in general-sum games with nonlinear objectives and constraints. When applied trivially to driving, these works assume all vehicles in a scene play a game together, which can result in intractable computation times for dense traffic. We formulate a decentralized approach to game-theoretic planning by assuming that agents only play games within their observational vicinity, which we believe to be a more reasonable assumption for human driving. Games are played in parallel for all strongly connected components of an interaction graph, significantly reducing the number of players and constraints in each game, and therefore the time required for planning. We demonstrate that our approach can achieve collision-free, efficient driving in urban environments by comparing performance against an adaptation of the Intelligent Driver Model and centralized game-theoretic planning when navigating roundabouts in the INTERACTION dataset. Our implementation is available at http://github.com/sisl/DecNashPlanning.
General versus specific personality traits for predicting entrepreneurship

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Personality traits play an important role when it comes to predicting people's entrepreneurial behaviour. The objective of this study was to determine whether the specific traits of enterprising personality predicted entrepreneurial behaviour better than general (Big Five type) traits. The sample comprised 1153 working people (33% entrepreneurs). The mean age of the sample was 41.72 years old (SD = 12.32). The five general personality traits (Big Five) were evaluated using the Overall Personality Assessment Scale and the eight specific traits were measured with the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE). The differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs were greater in the specific personality traits than in the more general traits, with mean effect sizes of 0.54 and 0.21, respectively. The predictive capacity of the specific traits (R2 = 0.21) was greater than that of the general traits (R2 = 0.07). The ROC curves for the specific traits gave higher areas under the curve (0.74) than the general traits (0.56). The canonical correlation between the eight specific BEPE dimensions and the Big Five factors was 0.77. The specific personality traits demonstrated better predictive and discriminative capacity for enterprising behaviour than the more general, Big-Five type traits.
Supplementary Material for: Methods and software to analyze gene-environment interactions under a case-mother - control-mother design with partially missing child genotype

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The case-mother - control-mother design allows to study fetal and maternal genetic factors together with environmental exposures on early-life outcomes. Mendelian constraints and conditional independence between child genotype and environmental factors enabled semiparametric likelihood methods to estimate logistic models with greater efficiency than standard logistic regression. Difficulties in child genotype collection require methods handling missing child genotype. Methods: We review a stratified retrospective likelihood and two semiparametric likelihood approaches: a prospective one and a modified retrospective one, the latter either modeling the maternal genotype as a function of covariates or leaving their joint distribution unspecified (robust version). We also review software implementing these modelling alternatives, compare their statistical properties in a simulation study, and illustrate their application, focusing on gene-environment interactions and partially missing child genotype. Results; The robust retrospective likelihood provides generally unbiased estimates, with standard errors only slightly larger than when modelling maternal genotype based on exposure. The prospective likelihood encounters maximization problems. In the application to the association of small-for-gestational-age babies with CYP2E1 and drinking water disinfection by-products, the retrospective likelihood allowed a full array of covariates, while the prospective likelihood was limited to few covariates. Conclusion: We recommend the robust version of the modified retrospective likelihood.
Nitrogen Fixation by Native Australian Legumes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nitrogen fixation was studied by the acetylene-reduction technique in root nodules of 10 native Australian legumes in three habitats in Victoria: low open-forest. sandy heathland and coastal sand dunes. Nodular activity reached a maximum in spring (and in autumn in sand-dune species), declined to a minimum in late summer and continued at a low level throughout winter. Mean nitrogenase activity was 1.73 pmol C,H, reduced g-' fresh wt nodules h-I, with spring maxima 8-250 times summer minima. It is suggested that variations in rainfall and temperature were the major factors influencing seasonal variations in nodular activity. Estiniates of minimum acetylene reduction per hectare per year were derived from measurements of seasonal and diurnal variations in acetylene reduction and abundance of nodules per hectare, and were used to derive approximate minimum values for nitrogen fixation of 0.004-0.746 kg ha' yr-I. The quantities of nitrogen fixed are compared with other reports and the significance of nitrogen fixation by these native legumes is discussed.
A Slanted View on the Morality Bars: Matal v. Tam, In re Brunetti, and the Future of Section 2(a) of the Lanham Act

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Section 2(a) of the Lanham Act contained two “morality bars” to the registration of trademarks: the Disparagement Clause and the Immoral and Scandalous Clause. Two recent cases, the Supreme Court decision in Matal v. Tam and the subsequent decision from the Federal Circuit, In re Brunetti, both held that the morality bars violate the First Amendment. Given the inconsistent application of the Disparagement Clause and the potential for viewpoint discrimination, theTam Court was correct in finding it unconstitutional. For similar reasons, the court in Brunetti properly extended this holding to the Immoral and Scandalous Clause. However, both decisions ignored the social context in which the marks were used. Considering the circumstances surrounding the creation of these marks would prevent disparaging marks from harming the targeted communities, while also allowing marginalized groups to reclaim formerly disparaging terms. If the morality bars were applied using context-specific analysis, the application could be more consistent, produce better results, and could survive First Amendment strict scrutiny. Although both the Disparagement Clause and the Immoral and Scandalous Clause have been overturned, they could still be preserved in a reduced, more narrowly tailored form.
Floral behaviour and unique autonomous self-pollination of Passiflora species (Passion fruit).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper presents the results of field studies conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia, to assess the flowering and pollination behaviours of Passiflora species, i.e. P. edulis (Purple), P. edulis (Frederick), P. maliformis, P. quadrangularis and P. incarnata, for yield and quality improvement and for other breeding programmes. It was shown that the Passiflora species exhibited constant production of few flowers within a day. The flowering behaviour varied among the species. The Passiflora flowers exhibited a unique autonomous self-pollination involving the movement of styles and anthers.
Light Movement & Sound: An Approach to Energetic Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Communication exists on several levels. A widely accepted definition of these levels of communication is the exchange of ideas through a symbolic, gestural or linguistic system. For the purposes of this paper, a broader definition of communication which includes the use of human energy is reached by categorizing these levels as: 1) The conscious levels of intelligence which are language, academic disciplines, artistic expressions; and, 2) The subconscious levels of non-verbal communication, gestures and body language; and, 3) The energy fields around the human body and how they may interact with other fields. The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of "Energetic Communication" based on the process of working with human energy fields and an understanding of how human energy can be affected by the theatrical experience. Working with the human energy fields of a participant is communicating on a deeper level, either physiological, subconscious, or energetic, and sensing problem areas which can then be addressed by a component of theatre. This process is a way of reaching participants both artistically and therapeutically without imposing a pre-conceived educational agenda on the participant, by allowing the process to be guided by the participant's own needs. Physically and emotionally the participants present blocks of energy and the techniques outlined are to promote physiological responses through creativity.
Capturing sense making of IT-use

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Within the last decade, IT has made its way out of the offices into new use domains such as our everyday lives. These changes bring about extensive consequences such as for instance, new or altered driving forces than the traditional that legitimate IT-use within organizational contexts. So far, the interest in research of IT-use in everyday life has been quite lukewarm – the understanding is far from fully captured and understood. This paper is our contribution to this understanding. By a phenomenological inspired examination of two people’s intriguing IT-use, we create understanding about the challenges related to capturing sense making of IT-use within people’s everyday lives.
Internet of Things Based Low-Cost Health Screening andMask Recognition System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Face masks can reduce the spread of several viruses as well as coronavirus and help people to save many lives.Many people are not serious about wearing face masks.This work results in a system that can detect the face mask of a person with CNN.The system can identify anyone without a face mask.An IoT-based module is integrated with the system to monitor people's temperature, blood pulse, and oxygen levels.Which can collect all the sensor data and send the data to a cloud database.From the cloud server, the mask condition and health condition can be monitored.The collected data can also be used for future analysis.The proposed low-cost system worked properly with a success rate.
Genetic medicine: an experiment in community-expert interaction.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This project tested a two-way model of communication between lay groups and experts about genetic medicine in Perth, Western Australia. Focus group discussion with community group participants was followed by a communication workshop between community group participants and experts. Four groups of concerns or themes emerged from discussion: clinical considerations; legislative concerns; research priorities, and ethical and wider considerations. Community group concerns are not always met by the actions of "experts". This is, in part, because of the differing life-worlds of each group. However, the communication workshop showed the potential of two-way communication for both lay and expert members in understanding the others' viewpoint. Further, the approach developed here offers one possible way for community groups to participate in a substantial way in policy formulation processes.
A case of vestibular disorder without hearing loss or tinnitus caused by otosyphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Otosyphilis is a type of neurosyphilis; in otosyphilis, cochleovestibular dysfunction could be due to a lesion of the inner ear itself or of the eighth cranial nerve. In most cases, otosyphilis manifests as sensorineural hearing loss. We report a rare case of a 56-year-old male patient who developed vestibular symptoms, including dizziness and vertigo, caused by otosyphilis. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a 3-week history of dizziness and vertigo. He did not have deafness or tinnitus. All the serological tests for syphilis, including the T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA), the rapid plasma reagin test, and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test, were positive. Tests for HIV antibody were negative. The TPHA and FTA-ABS tests on the cerebrospinal fluid were also positive. On clinical neurological examination, the Romberg test was positive, and he had spontaneous nystagmus toward the left side and direction-changing positional nystagmus. Caloric tests revealed no response on the right side, indicating canal paresis. No cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (c-VEMP) response was observed on the right side. Based on the findings, the patient was diagnosed as having otosyphilis, and treated with penicillin G (24 million units/day) for 14 days. Two months after the treatment, the vestibular symptoms resolved and the abnormal nystagmus disappeared completely.
Silicon-on-insulator-based photonic-crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Si nanophotonics is anticipated to play a critical role in the future ultra-compact system integration due to the maturity of sub-micron silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Photonic crystals (PhCs) provide a promising platform for developing novel optoelectronic devices with significantly reduced device size and power consumption. The active control of photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) incorporated in Mach-Zehnder interferometers has been investigated in this paper. We designed and fabricated a PCW based silicon thermo-optic (TO) switch operating at 1.55 μm. A novel device structure was proposed to enhance the heat exchange efficiency between the source and the active PCW region, which resulted in a faster switching time (< 20μs) compared with the conventional structure. The required π phase shift between the two arms of the MZI has been successfully achieved within an 80 μm interaction distance. The maximum modulation depth of 84% was demonstrated for switching power of 78mW. For high-speed applications, a p-i-n structure based PCW electro-optical (EO) MZI modulator was proposed. The transient performance of such a device was evaluated using a two-dimensional semiconductor device simulator MEDICI. The simulated structure demonstrated a great potential to realize high-speed ultra-compact Si modulators in the GHz region.
Dynamics of Inclusive Education Policy Implementation in Junior High School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to investigate the dynamics of processes and interactions among actors in the implementation of inclusive education policy within junior high schools. This study used a multi-case study. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, observation, document analysis, and examination of audiovisual resources. Data were analyzed through the transcript of the result of data interview, observation notes field, and video recordings as well as document, creating idea general sense, data codification, creating themes, and data interpretation. Research findings show that the implementation process of inclusive education policy in schools is influenced by variations in ideology, values, culture, and the distinct qualities of each institution both public and private schools. The headmaster plays a crucial role in implementing successful inclusive education policies. There is no difference in any institution's philosophy, values, culture, and features. Referring to the findings of the studies show that the implementation of a policy throughout institutions cannot be similar due to their distinct backgrounds. For the future researcher, it is recommended that further research should focus on policy efforts to improve teacher training, increase funding, and enhance community awareness to build an inclusive educational environment for all students.