jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Circular economy adoption challenges in the food supply chain for sustainable development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Food loss and waste are major issues in the food industry, and they affect all stages of the food supply chain (FSC). Food loss and waste are linked to environmental deterioration, economic loss, and an increase in hunger. Therefore, the food industry requires sustainable consumption and production (SCP) to reduce losses and waste. The circular economy (CE) concept has become a popular strategy for reducing food waste and boosting sustainability. Therefore, with efficient reverse logistics in the FSC, food producers can help achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) like SCP and zero hunger. In literature, minimal research has been available in identifying the CE adoption challenges in FSC. This research identifies 15 critical challenges from the literature and discussion with the panel of experts. The relationship between the challenges has been established through an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. The challenges were characterized in cause–effect according to their relational intensity obtained using the grey decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. Grey's relational theory is applied in DEMATEL to minimize uncertainty and vagueness of the expert judgment. The findings of this study suggest that creating policy from the government, providing incentives, and strictly enforcing environmental regulations are the most critical challenge. Hence, by focusing on the above, the effective adoption of the CE principle is achieved. This result also suggests that by addressing the challenges of CE, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be performed. This study provides some recommendations for the practitioners to adopt CE towards sustainable development targets.
UPGRADING OF LAPAROSCOPIC INTERVENTION OF THE PROSTATE GLAND TUMORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relevance: Laparoscopic surgery supplies many benefits due to lower postoperative sequelae. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has become a first-line treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer worldwide. The study aimed to compare outcomes after traditional laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy with modified laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (MLERPE). Methods: All information about patient treatment for this historical cohort study was obtained from the “Electronic In-patient Registry” of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study included case records of 94 patients who underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy from 2017 to 2021. Of them, 45 underwent a modified laparoscopic prostatectomy, and 49 – a traditional laparoscopic prostatectomy. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation or as frequencies and percentages. Pearson’s Chi-square was used for qualitative data. T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the means of the two groups. The statistical significance level was 0.05. Results: We revealed significant differences between the laboratory parameters of both groups after surgery. The mean difference in hemoglobin level between the two groups was 14.04, the mean difference in erythrocyte level was 0.69, the mean difference in leukocyte level was 1.26, and the mean difference in ESR level was 2.01. All differences were statistically significant (p=0.000). We found a statistical difference in the duration of operation and hospital stay between the two groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: The modified laparoscopic technique avoids adverse worse outcomes such as bleeding, pneumoperitoneum, and decreasing oxygen saturation. This technique is also beneficial in the early postoperative period for excluding peritonitis, and the late postoperative period avoids adhesive processes.
Arrangement and Connections of Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons in the Rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The morphology of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was examined microscopically in serial frozen sections. The nucleus extends over a length of about 4.5 mm, and its cell number was calculated to range from 1,000 to 1,600. 60% of the cells were located in the caudal third of the nucleus. Clustering of large unipolar cells was seen throughout the nucleus. Small spindle-shaped multipolar cells were found in the pontine part of the nucleus. The efferent connections of the mesencephalic trigeminal neurons were investigated by means of iontophoretically delivered <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> leuco-agglutinin or horseradish peroxidase after electrophysiological identification of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. All projections were found ipsilateral to the injection site; they were confined to the trigeminal motor nucleus, especially to its lateral part, and to the dorsolateral reticular formation. The latter projection area included the supratrigeminal nucleus, the nucleus of Probst, and the parvocellular reticular zone. There were no direct projections to the facial or hypoglossal motor nuclei. It is concluded that proprioceptive input from one side is mediated polysynaptically to the bilateral oral final common-path neurons, with the exception of the ipsilateral trigeminal motoneurons.
Evaluation of Lymph Nodes in Patients with Colon Cancer Undergoing Colon Resection: A Population‐based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Though lymph node status may predict long‐term outcome of patients with non‐metastatic colon cancer, discordant findings exist among various expressions of lymph node status. The present study was designed to assess the prognostic value among these lymph node evaluations. Methods The analysis was based on surgical patients with newly diagnosed colon adenocarcinoma registered in the Taiwan Cancer Database from 2003 to 2005. Exclusion criteria included those patients who had stage IV disease, those whose survival period was <1 month, or those whose lymph node information was unavailable. Studied variables included total number of lymph nodes (LNT), number of positive lymph nodes (LNP), number of negative lymph nodes (LNN), ratio of positive lymph nodes (LNR), and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS). Results Of 16,790 newly diagnosed colon cancer patients, there were 9,644 (65.4 ± 13.5 years; male 54.9 %) patients with non‐metastatic disease who met the criteria. Correlation analyses for patients with stage III disease showed that LNR and LODDS were highly correlated, as were LNT and LNN. By the Cox proportional hazard model, LNT was prognostic of long‐term survival in patients with stage II disease, while LNR and LNP were the most powerful prognosticators for patients with stage III disease ( p < 0.001). Both the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and area under the curve indicated that LNR had the best discriminating capability to predict 5‐year survival (0.704, 0.700, and 0.709 for overall, disease‐free, and disease‐specific survival, respectively), followed by LODDS. Conclusions For patients undergoing resection for colon cancer, LNR, LODDS, and LNP are better prognostic factors for those with stage III disease than LNT is for patients with stage III disease.
Numerical Study on the Interaction of an Inextensible Filament in a Uniform Fluid Flow Using the Immersed Boundary Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerical modeling of fluid-structure interaction problems are challenging in the field of computational fluid dynamics because of the complex geometries involved and freely moving boundaries. Flapping of an inextensible filament in a uniform fluid flow is such a problem which mimics the swimming of energy harvesting eel fish. Recently, immersed boundary method has found much attention in simulating fluid-structure interaction problems due to its easiness in grid generation and memory and CPU savings. In the present work, we employed an improved version of immersed boundary method proposed by Shin et al. [1] which combines the feedback forcing scheme of the virtual boundary method with Peskin’s regularized delta function approach. A FORTRAN code is developed for the simulation of flexible filament flapping in a uniform fluid flow. The code is validated for the bench mark problem of two-dimensional flow over a circular cylinder. A single filament hanging under gravitational force is simulated using the developed code which is analogous to a rope pendulum and the results are compared with available analytical results. The results are found to be in good agreement. Finally, the interaction of the flapping filament in the uniform fluid flow is studied for different flow and structure parameters. The production of a series of vortex procession obtained in the case of flapping of filament is in good agreement with the previous available experimental and numerical results.
Consumer behavior affecting factors leading to increased competitiveness during holiday season

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A modern consumer nowadays has availability of enormous variety of products and services to choose from when making purchasing decision.This leads to high competition, and companies have to seek new ways and more effective communication measures to successfully influence decision making process of consumers, as well as be creative to forecast consumer behaviour and increase market competitiveness.This is one of the reasons why behavioural research tools are important parts of management decision process.By being able to precisely define expected consumer activities, it is possible to forecast sales amounts, revenue, turnover, and also predict company development potential, especially in periods when sales hit high levels, for example, during holiday season.Consumer behaviour and actions are influenced not only by products, perception of brand values and effectiveness of marketing communication, but also by cultural, social, individual and psychological factors.Analyses of cross-interactions of these aspects allows to reveal which purchasing behavioural model is the most dominating one when buying goods or services.The aim of this research is to determine the most influencing factors of consumers in Latvia during holiday season, as well as evaluating effectiveness behind various holiday marketing solutions, in order to make argumented marketing decisions to increase competiveness of a company.The research results allow to indicate factors which affect consumption habits, and, based on that, proposals of upgrading marketing solutions for festive periods are revealed, including recommendations for improving marketing communication, appropriate methods of goods and services differentiation, methods of consumer segmentation and other aspects which sharpen competitive edge of a company.
Effect of reinforcement nanoparticles addition on mechanical properties of SBS/curauá fiber composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Composites of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) matrix with curauá fiber and/or a nanoparticulate mineral (montmorillonite clay - MMT) used as reinforcing agents were prepared by melt-mixing. The influence of clay addition on properties like tensile and tear strength, rebound resilience, flex fatigue life, abrasion loss, hardness and water absorption of composites with 5, 10 and 20 wt% of curauá fiber was evaluated in presence of maleic anhydride grafted styrene-(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene triblock copolymer (MA-g-SEBS) coupling agent. Furthermore, the effect of mineral plasticizer loading on tensile strength of selected composites was investigated. The hybrid SBS composite that showed the best overall mechanical performance was composed by 2 wt% of MMT and 5 wt% of curauá fiber. Increasing fiber content up to 20 wt% resulted in a general decrease in all mechanical properties as well as incorporation of 5 wt% MMT caused a decrease in the tensile strength in all fiber contents. The hybrid composites showed clay agglomerates (tactoids) poorly dispersed that could explain the poor mechanical performance of composites at higher concentrations of curauá fiber and MMT nanoparticles. The addition of plasticizer further decreased the tensile strength while the addition of MMT nanoparticles decreased water absorption for all SBS composites.
Predicting the present: saccade based vs motion-based remapping

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Predictive remapping alerts neurons when a target will fall into its receptive field after an upcoming saccade. This has consequences for attention which starts selecting information from the target's remapped location before the eye movement begins even though that location is not relevant to pre-saccadic processing. Thresholds are lower and information from the target's remapped and current locations may be integrated. These predictive effects for eye movements are mirrored by predictive effects for object motion, in the absence of saccades: motion-based remapping. An object's motion is used to predict its current location and as a result, we sometimes see a target far from its actual location: we see it where it should be now. However, these predictions operate differently for eye movements and for perception, establishing two distinct representations of spatial coordinates. We have begun identifying the cortical areas that carry these predictive position representations and how they may interface with memory and navigation. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
A Single‐Crystalline Hierarchical Zeolite via an Oriented Co‐Growth of Nanocrystals Based on Synergy of Polyelectrolytes and Hetero‐Atoms

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hierarchical zeolites have attracted great attention due to the integration of mesopores and/or macropores into the microporous crystalline framework, which decreases the steric and diffusional limitations in the small‐size micropores of zeolites. Among them, single‐crystalline hierarchical zeolites are much desirable due to fewer crystalline defects, higher mechanical stability, and less blocking of the uniform direction of microporous channels, which show high catalytic performance in conventional industrially‐important small‐molecule reactions, and heavy‐oil catalytic cracking, biomass catalytic conversion, polymer degradation, etc. Here, a novel one‐pot kinetics‐dominated strategy was developed to synthesize titanium‐containing single‐crystalline hierarchical zeolites via synergy of polyelectrolytes and framework hetero‐atoms by means of concentrating the starting precursor, restriction of the Oswald ripening to protect nano‐crystals, as well as oriented attachment between nano‐crystals. The resultant zeolite displayed a much higher catalytic performance in olefin epoxidation and cyclohexanone ammoximation than those of conventional pure‐microporous zeolites.
Utilization of Pharmacists in Addressing Medication Abuse in the Pacific Northwest

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This article aims to explore the statistics observed in the Pacific Northwest regarding substance abuse, as Oregon and Washington have been shown to be most affected given the increased treatment admissions for opioid utilization and mortality related to medication overdose. Methods: Using PubMed and National Conference of State Legislatures database, articles detailing prescription drug abuse statistics, programs, and laws were collected and analyzed in order to identify possible solutions. Summary: Many studies report that pain medication prescriptions have seen a rise in recent years, however, there still exists an inadequacy in pain management. This increase in prescriptions may also contribute to the rising number in substance misuse and subsequently overdose deaths. Pharmacists can have a global effect on abuse prevention if certain monitoring strategies are implemented and enforced. Conclusion: Health-care providers and pharmacists should contribute to abuse prevention by helping to detect fraudulent prescriptions, staying up to date with current guidelines, and being aware of new safety programs such as prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs).
xenobiotics and organopollutants is of general

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the focus on alternative microbes for soil-bioremediation, 18 species of litter-decomposing basidiomycetous fungi were screened for their ability to grow on different lignocellulosic substrates including straw, flax and pine bark as well as to produce ligninolytic en-zymes, namely laccase and manganese peroxi-dase. Following characteristics have been chosen as criteria for the strain selection: (i) the ability to grow at least on one of the mentioned materials, (ii) production of either of the ligninolytic en-zymes and (iii) the ability to invade non-sterile soil. As the result, eight species were selected for a bioremediation experiment with an artificially contaminated soil (total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration 250 mg/kg soil). Up to 70%, 86 % and 84 % of benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and dib-enzo(a,h)anthracene, respectively, were removed in presence of fungi while the indigenous micro-organisms converted merely up to 29%, 26 % and 43 % of these compounds in 30 days. Low molecular-mass PAHs studied were easily de-graded by soil microbes and only anthracene degradation was enhanced by the fungi as well. The agaric basidiomycetes Stropharia rugosoan-nulata and Stropharia coronilla were the most efficient PAH degraders among the litter-decomposing species used.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Mahasiswa dalam Menghadapi Tugas Akhir

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to look at the factors that influence students in facing their final project. This research method is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The results showed that the average age of the respondents was 21 years, with the youngest 20 years old and the oldest 22 years old. Most (76.3%) of the research respondents were 45, and of the total respondents, the majority (64.9%) of 24 respondents experienced moderate anxiety. And 31 respondents (83.8%) have high family support then, strong peer influence is 31 respondents (83.8%), the influence of supervisors is vital to as many as 33 respondents (89.2%), and the influence of the environment good as many as 30 respondents (81.1%). The bivariate analysis results showed that the p-values ​​for all variables were < 0.05. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between support from family, peers, supervisors, and the environment with student anxiety in facing the final project. Keywords: Student, Anxiety, Nursing, Final Project
Genius Without Judgment:Churchill at Fifty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

IT IS NOT TRUE that a rolling stone gathers no moss. Mr. Churchill has gathered a great deal of moss. Not that a stone, whether stationary or rolling, is a suitable symbol for this extraordinary man. He is like a rocket that intermittently dazzles the night sky, disappears, and dazzles it again; flashes now from this quarter, now from that; is always meteoric but never extinguished. The principal difference between Mr. Churchill and a cat, as Mark Twain might say, is that a cat has only nine lives. By all the laws of mortality, Mr. Churchill should have perished a score of times, sometimes in laughter, sometimes in anger, sometimes in contempt; but the funeral has always been premature, the grave always empty. You may scotch him for a moment, but you cannot kill him, and we grow weary of pronouncing his obsequies.
Frequency and Functions of Non-Finite Clauses in Native and Non-Native Academic Texts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Non-finite clauses are one of the elements considered as an index of syntactic complexity, which is a distinguishing feature of academic register. In this sense, the current study aims to reveal the frequency and syntactic functions of non-finite clauses in the academic writings of non-native and native English students. In order to reach this aim, a specialized corpus with two sub-corpora consisting of the MA and PhD theses of natives and non-natives was compiled. The native and non-native corpora were similar in terms of size and the topics of the texts. The data were analyzed using the Antconc concordancing tool, and the log-likelihood tool was used to calculate the significance of the findings. The result of the study showed that non-natives significantly underused the non-finite clauses in their academic texts compared to their native counterparts. Although there is a statistically significant difference in terms of the overall frequency of non-finite clauses, the distribution of the forms of the non-finite clauses was found to be balanced in NS and NNS texts. That is, both NSs and NNSs used bare infinitives less frequently and to infinitival most frequently in academic papers. In terms of the syntactic functions of the non-finite clauses, adjectival (adnominal) was used more frequently and nominals were used less frequently in both corpora. The findings of this study were compared with the previous findings, and educational implications were presented.
Circadian rhythmicity of interferon-gamma production in antigen-stimulated whole blood.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Recently, assessment of T cell function has been refined by the ability to measure cytokines produced by activated T cells. We developed a whole blood assay to detect antigen-activated T cells that produce IFN-gamma. With this assay we have found a large circadian variation in tetanus- (acrophase 00(00) p < 0.001) and PPD- (acrophase 00(08) p < 0.001) stimulated IFN-gamma production. IFN-gamma production is inversely correlated with plasma cortisol (r = -0.5), suggesting that variation in IFN-gamma production may be secondary to circadian variation in plasma cortisol levels (acrophase 11(06)). The demonstration of circadian rhythmicity in antigen-stimulated IFN-gamma production is relevant to the diagnostic use of whole blood assays and, in addition, may have implications for the therapy of immuno-inflammatory diseases.
S1 Fig - Citrate Synthase Expression Affects Tumor Phenotype and Drug Resistance in Human Ovarian Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>Primary HOSE cells cultured from normal ovarian epithelium tissues.</b> (<b>A</b>) Primary HOSE cells with stromal cells (10×). (<b>B</b>) Primary HOSE cells with stromal cells (20×). (<b>C</b>) Monolayer of HOSE cells after cell sorting (10×). (<b>D</b>) The normal HOSE cells were sorted by FACS Aria cell sorting system with EpCAM conjugated with PE as an epithelium marker.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>