jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bori Religion in West Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bori is a religious tradition with origins in West Africa dating to at least 1500 ce. Based on oral histories, ethnographies, archaeological analysis, and limited written sources, its origins lie in complex, syncretic blendings of pre-Islamic Arna (Maguzawa) religious traditions, Hausa aristocracies, and Islam throughout what became Northern Nigeria and south-central Niger over many centuries. Bori practitioners have special knowledge of the spirit world and thus are skilled at healing spirit-induced illnesses or interpreting communal problems with a spiritual basis. Individuals are frequently initiated into Bori as they seek healing but also sometimes through their heritage. Once initiated, Bori adepts learn to live with their spirits for the rest of their lives, inviting spirits to possess them during ceremonial rituals. Bori specialists are more prominent in areas heavily influenced by Arna traditions or Hausa aristocracies that maintained special leadership positions connected to Bori for the protection of the kingdom. Women have often found opportunities for power and prestige through Bori in a patriarchal society, although in some regions, men dominate religious leadership and healing practices in Bori. From the early 19th century, Bori was condemned and banned in the Sokoto caliphate and subsequently under British rule in Nigeria. Nevertheless, it persisted in these areas and especially flourished in regions of Hausaland outside of the caliphate, where historical practices of Hausa kingdoms and Arna religion were practiced more openly and centrally in society. Over the course of the 20th century, Bori has been studied by researchers not only in these regions of West Africa but also among diasporic communities and pilgrims with ties to West Africa.
New Genus and Species, Idionycteris phyllotis, Recorded from the United States

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Mexican big-eared bat, Idionycteris phyllotis (Allen) is one of the rarest bats in North America. Handley (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69, 1956) has reviewed the taxo-nomic history of the two previously known specimens. The first, secured on March 24, 1878, in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, became the type of Corynorhinus phyllotis as named by G. M. Allen (Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60: 352, April, 1916). The second specimen, a female taken on June 17, 1922, at Miquihauna, Tamalipas, Mexico was described as a new genus and a new species under the name Idionycteris mexicanus by H. E. Anthony (Amer. Mus. Novitates, 54: 1, Jan. 17, 1923). A third specimen of this species was taken on May 30,1955, at the Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. The Southwestern Research Station (formerly the Reed Ranch and more recently the Painted Canyon Ranch) is in a riparian community at an elevation of 5400 feet on Cave Creek. The surrounding vegetation is primarily an oak-juniper association.
[The course of cancer mortality in Hungary between 1975 and 2001].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The course of cancer mortality in this country between 1975 and 2001 was analysed solely with mathematical methods using the mortality data provided by the Central Statistical Office. Mortality data were studied according to patient s sex and tumour localisation and in relation to total cancer mortality. The increase and decrease in cancer mortality were found to differ by sex and tumour localisation: e.g. death rate caused by cancers of the oral cavity showed low deviation with an even increase just like the mortality caused by colorectal cancer, the latter, however, was steeper with men. In case of melanoma higher deviation was associated with increased mortality, again at a higher rate with men. Dying of testicular cancer and of gastric cancer in either sex showed decreasing tendencies. Lung cancer mortality assumed different patterns in the two genders: with men it kept increasing at an even pace until 1994 then the increase stopped. With women, however, the increase since 1985 was steeper than earlier. The breast cancer mortality rates can also be divided into two periods. There was an even rise until 1994 followed by stagnation. As to the total cancer mortality values, the authors state that the rhythm of increase during the first 20 years of the study period had changed, the steepness of trends in the last seven years can be expressed in a small positive number not differing from zero at significant level which means that the increase in cancer mortality has stopped.
Learning to collaborate: a study of individual and organizational learning, and interorganizational relationships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper examines learning to collaborate in the context of industrial supply relationships. Evidence of collaboration, and individual and organizational learning, from an in-depth case study of a large organization and its relations with two key suppliers is discussed. Analytic methods developed to elicit such evidence and provide insights into learning processes and outcomes are presented. It is argued that it is possible for an organization and individuals to learn to develop resilient collaborative relationships, but this requires a more thorough consideration and understanding of issues such as trust, commitment and teamwork than has been typical to date. Suggestions for future practice and research are presented.
In-Silico Analysis of pH-Dependent Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are essential players in the assembly of biomolecular condensates during liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Disordered regions (IDRs) are significantly exposed to the solvent and, therefore, highly influenced by fluctuations in the microenvironment. Extrinsic factors, such as pH, modify the solubility and disorder state of IDPs, which in turn may impact the formation of liquid condensates. However, little attention has been paid to how the solution pH influences LLPS, despite knowing that this process is context-dependent. Here, we have conducted a large-scale in-silico analysis of pH-dependent solubility and disorder in IDRs known to be involved in LLPS (LLPS-DRs). We found that LLPS-DRs present maximum solubility around physiological pH, where LLPS often occurs, and identified significant differences in solubility and disorder between proteins that can phase-separate by themselves or those that require a partner. We also analyzed the effect of mutations in the resulting solubility profiles of LLPS-DRs and discussed how, as a general trend, LLPS-DRs display physicochemical properties that permit their LLPS at physiologically relevant pHs.
FarmApp: a new assessment of cognitive control and memory for children and young people with neurodevelopmental difficulties

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We introduce a new touchscreen-based method measuring aspects of cognitive control and memory, in children and young people with neurodevelopmental difficulties, including intellectual disability (ID). FarmApp is a gamified, tablet-based assessment tool measuring go/no-go response speed, response inhibition, visuospatial short-term memory span, and long-term memory. Here, we assessed the feasibility, validity, and utility of the method, including the benefits of measuring change in performance over two weeks. We observed that: 1) a higher proportion of participants completed FarmApp than traditional psychometric tests; 2) this proportion increased when participants had opportunity for two weeks of self-paced testing at home; 3) ADHD-relevant behavioral difficulties were associated with average go/no-go performance across all attempts, and change in go/no-go performance over time, indicating sensitivity of the method to cognitive differences with real-world relevance. We also addressed the potential utility of the FarmApp for exploring links between ID etiology and cognitive processes. We observed differences in go/no-go task between two groups of ID participants stratified by the physiological functions of associated genetic variants (chromatin-related and synaptic-related). Moreover, the synaptic group demonstrated higher degree of improvement in go/no-go performance over time. This outcome is potentially informative of dynamic mechanisms contributing to cognitive difficulties within this group. In sum, FarmApp is a feasible, valid, and useful tool increasing access to cognitive assessment for individuals with neurodevelopmental difficulties of variable severity, with an added opportunity to monitor variation in performance over time and determine capacity to acquire task competence.
Alcohol Self‐Aggregation: the Preferred Configurations of the Ethanol Trimer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An atomic‐level knowledge of the aggregation of archetypal molecular systems is essential to accurately model supramolecular structures and the transition from gas to liquid phase. The structures and forces involved in ethanol aggregation have been investigated using microwave spectroscopy and extensive quantum chemical calculations. Four isomers of the ethanol trimer have been observed and identified based on comparisons between experimental and predicted spectroscopic parameters, and considering collisional relaxation in the supersonic expansion. All observed isomers exhibit O−H O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups forming a six‐membered ring. Additionally, secondary C−H O hydrogen bonds and H H dispersion contacts participate in the stabilization of the complexes with remarkably similar energy contributions. Structures where there is a mixture of gauche and trans conformations of ethanol are favored, with gauche conformations being predominant and no evidence of homochirality synchronization. Our results underscore the critical changes involved in aggregation as the size of the system increases and shed light on the unique properties and behavior of ethanol in chemical and biological systems.
Treatment of thoracolumbar fractures by unilateral pedicle screw fixation plus short segment pedicle screw through para-vertebral muscles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A total of 33 non–neurological symptoms patients with thoracolumbar fractures underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation plus short segment pedicle screw through para–vertebral muscles. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan showed one side pedicle was complete. The average follow–up period was 22 (12–40) months. There was no internal fixation failure. The posterior paraspinal approach for unstable thoracolumbar fractures, retaining posterior ligament complex and fixation by unilateral pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra, is both safe and effective for thoracolumbar fractures.

Key words:
Surgical procedures, operative; Spinal fractures
A Semantic Description For Agent Design Patterns

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In last years, multi-agent systems (MAS) have achieved a remarkable success and diffusion in employment for distributed and complex applications. A fundamental contribution has come by the adoption of reuse techniques and tools providing a strong support during the design phase. Even though design patterns have been widely accepted by industrial and academic organizations as a proper technique for reuse, their definition still imposes deep concerns on contemporary software engineers. Design patterns are largely sensitive to different contexts where they are employed, especially on how they are blended with each other. This work introduces a design language for describing fine-grained pattern formalizations and compositions based on structural semantics. This formalization as been used in order to describe a couple of design patterns for agents and their composition.
Energy Transition Processes between Yb3+-Tm3+-Gd3+in Gd3+, Yb3+and Tm3+Co-dopedg Fluoride Nanocrystal

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

用水热法合成了Y0.8-x-yF3∶Gdx^3＋,Yb30.＋2,Tmy^3＋纳米晶的上转换发光材料。在典型的Y0.595F3∶Gd30.＋200,Yb03.＋200,Tm30.＋005纳米微晶中,在980 nm激光激发下,观察到了Tm^3＋的紫外、紫色上转换发射明显增强和来自于Gd3＋的6D9/2、6IJ、6P5/2及6P7/2能级到基态8S7/2能级的紫外发射。通过比较Y0.8-x-yF3∶Gdx^3＋,Yb03.＋2,Tmy^3＋纳米晶样品的上转换发光性质以及Tm^3＋和Gd3＋中一些激发态的能级寿命,借助于能级图描述了Yb3＋-Tm^3＋-Ga^3＋之间的有效的能量传递过程。
Effects of electron-phonon interaction in tunneling processes in nanostructures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tunneling through a system with two discrete electron levels coupled by electron-phonon interaction is considered. The interplay between elastic and inelastic tunneling channels is analyzed not only for weak electron-phonon coupling but also for strong coupling in the resonant case. It is shown that the intensity and width of peaks in the tunneling conductivity is strongly influenced by nonequilibrium effects.
Which Hematological Malignancies Are Implicated In Acute Hemolytic Reactions Following Rh (D) Immune Globulin for ITP

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4670 Background: Acute Hemolytic Reactions (AHR) and Intravascular Hemolysis (IVH) have been reported rarely with Rh (D) Immune Globulin (WinRho® SDF) administration for normalization of platelet count in ITP. The sporadic and unpredictable occurrence of these events has led to an analysis of our WinRho® SDF safety database to identify populations that may be at higher risk for occurrence of AHR's. A disproportionality analysis revealed that malignancies were disproportionally over represented in cases with AHR compared to Non Hemolytic Reactions and was reported in another abstract. Aims: To determine which malignancies were disproportionally overrepresented in patients who developed AHR's. Methods: Medical Histories cases with AHR with malignancies were reviewed and classified by type of malignancy. AHR's included both the expected post infusion hemolysis and infrequently reported cases involving clinically compromising hemolysis including IVH. Hematological malignancies were present in 39/45 of AHR's (86.6 %) and non-hematological malignancies 6 of 45 of AHR (13.3%). 90% of AHR's in patients with Malignancies were adult, 5% children and 5% age unknown. Adults above the age of 65 years accounted for 45% of these cases. CLL was present in 66% of patients with leukemia and Non Hodgkins Lymphoma was present in 92% of patients with Lymphomas. Proliferative disorders were diagnosed in 27% of patients with AHR. Solid tumors were present in 14% of patients with AHR's. Conclusions: Hematological malignancies including CLL and NHL are disproportionally over represented in cases presenting with AHR post WinRho® SDF. Alternate therapies to Rh (D) Immune Globulin should be considered in patients with thrombocytopenia and these hematological malignancies due to increased risk of AHR, such as IVH. Disclosures: Astacio: Cangene Corporation: Employment. Muller:Cangene Corporation: Employment. Little:Cangene Corporation: Employment. Sinclair:Cangene Corporation: Employment. Genereux:Cangene Corporation: Employment.
Presentation and Management of Postpartum Granulation Tissue: A Single‐Institution Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Although the development of postpartum granulation tissue (PPGT) is an expected phase of healing of perineal and vaginal lacerations, the persistence of this tissue can result in delayed wound healing, pain, bleeding, and discharge. There is a paucity of information on the efficacy of the treatments used for pathologic PPGT. The objective of this study was to describe characteristics associated with the development of PPGT and the treatment methods currently used for management. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 140 patients diagnosed with PPGT within one year of birth from 2012 through 2022 within a single health care system. Patients were identified by International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Demographics, birth characteristics, symptoms, and treatment information were obtained and assessed in frequencies and means. Treatments were compared with 95% CIs and P values. Time to resolution was assessed by the number of weeks and the number of visits. Results It was the first vaginal birth for 129 (92%) patients in the study cohort. The majority (84.3%) of patients presented with pain. Almost half of all patients (45%) were diagnosed after 6 weeks postpartum. 30.0% of patients were initially treated conservatively. 76.4% of patients were treated with silver nitrate, and 33.6% had an excisional procedure. Successful conservative management had the lowest average number of visits to resolution with 1.39 visits (95% CI, 1.15‐1.69), followed by silver nitrate alone with 1.95 visits (95% CI, 1.73‐2.19), and excision with or without silver nitrate with 2.40 visits (95% CI, 2.07‐2.78). Conservative management was unsuccessful 45% of the time, requiring additional treatment with silver nitrate or excision. 30% of patients treated with silver nitrate or excision continued to report pain even after the resolution of granulation tissue upon examination. Conclusion PPGT is commonly associated with first vaginal births, often presents beyond 6 weeks postpartum, and frequently requires treatment.
A study of mechanical and morphological properties of PLA based biocomposites prepared with EJO vegetable oil based plasticiser and kenaf fibres

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel environmental friendly plasticized PLA kenaf biocomposites were fabricated by melt blending technique through a combination of epoxidized jatropha oil, one such non-edible vegetable oil material and renewable plasticizer. The mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were evaluated. The addition of EJO with 40 % kenaf fibre loading on PLA had improved the mechanical properties of the polymer composites. SEM micrographs clearly revealed the good physical interlocking for PLA and kenaf fibre at low loading levels (40 wt.%) while higher content (50 wt.%) of kenaf contributed to poor filler-matrix compatibility attributes that leads to filler-related failures which resulted voids. Alkalisation of kenaf fibre provides good interaction bonding between kenaf and PLA matrix which resulted on increased of value of mechanical properties of treated biocomposites compared with the untreated biocomposites.
Machine Learning Models for Predicting 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Changes: A Comparative Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Predicting 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations is crucial for enhancing glaucoma management. Traditional methods of measuring 24-hour IOP fluctuations are complex and present certain limitations. The present study leverages machine learning techniques to forecast 24-hour IOP fluctuations based on daytime IOP measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS A binary method was used to classify 24-hour IOP fluctuations as either >8 mmHg or £8 mmHg. Data were collected from 24-hour IOP monitoring, including 22 different features. Feature selection involved the chi-square test and point-biserial correlation, leading to the establishment of 4 subsets with significance levels of P<1, P<0.1, P<0.05, and P<0.025. Five binary classification machine learning algorithms were used to construct the model. Model performance was assessed by comparing accuracy, specificity, 10-fold cross-validation, precision, sensitivity, F1 score, area under the curve (AUC), and Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUCPR). The model with the highest performance was selected, and feature importance was assessed using Shapley additive explanations. RESULTS In the subset of features where P<0.05, all models performed better than those in the other subsets, with XGBoost standing out the most. The XGBoost algorithm achieved an accuracy of 0.886, a specificity of 0.972, a 10-fold cross-validation of 0.872, a precision of 0.857, a sensitivity of 0.585, and an F1 score of 0.696. Additionally, it obtained an AUC of 0.890 and an AUCPR of 0.794. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates the predictive capabilities of machine learning algorithms in forecasting 24-hour IOP fluctuations. The exceptional performance of the XGBoost algorithm in predicting IOP fluctuations underscores its significance for future research and clinical applications.
Fluorinated Lipid Constructs Permit Facile Passage of Molecular Cargo into Living Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fluorinated lipids get rapidly internalized into living cells and are also displayed on the cell surface. The uptake of lipids is energy dependent and is likely via the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Fluorinated lipids are 3-5-fold more efficient in acting as molecular transporters of noncovalently bound proteins than their hydrocarbon counterparts. These materials could serve as efficient molecular transporters for molecules that function in the cytoplasm such as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
Notes from the Field: “Green” Chemoprevention as Frugal Medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Prevention trials of whole foods or simple extracts offer prospects for reducing an expanding global burden of cancer effectively, and in contrast to promising isolated phytochemicals or pharmaceuticals, frugally. We use the term “green” chemoprevention to differentiate a food-centered approach that is sustainable in underserved populations. It can be applied to personalized medicine just as well as a pharmaceutical approach, but only green chemoprevention can be applied in both rich and poor settings. This MiniReview discusses some of the challenges of conducting food-based trials in developing countries, with particular emphasis on moving the limited number of promising phase II trials forward as placebo-controlled randomized trials, the gold standard for prevention studies. How does one define a placebo for a food? What is the regulatory context of such a food-based product? How can such products be produced and standardized to the benefit of a larger, individual trial, and importantly, the research community at large? What are the challenges and opportunities of conducting such trials in the international setting? Finally, how does one make the science practical? Cancer Prev Res; 5(2); 179–88. ©2012 AACR.
The Diplomatic Role of the European Parliament’s Standing Committees, Delegations and Assemblies: Insights from acp–eu Inter-Parliamentary Cooperation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the contribution that the European Parliament’s standing committees, delegations and inter-parliamentary assemblies make as diplomatic actors in the post-Lisbon Treaty period. These three types of bodies and institutions are grouped together, because in practice they work in complementary ways. The committees play a coordinating role, the delegations act as ‘embassies on the move’ and the participation of the European Parliament in inter-parliamentary assemblies represents the clearest institutional sign of the European Parliament’s external action. The article focuses on a case study: the involvement of the European Parliament in the eu ’s partnership with the African, Caribbean and Pacific group of countries ( acp ) through the Development Committee ( deve ), the competent European Parliament delegation, and the activities within the Joint Parliamentary Assembly. The article aims to analyse whether and how the European Parliament is able to play a distinctive diplomatic role through its standing committees, delegations and inter-parliamentary assemblies.