jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flow Accelerated Corrosion Testing Basics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Generally, there are two reasons for conducting flow accelerated corrosion tests. The first is to make a comparison of material performance or corrosion control methods, such as corrosion inhibition under high turbulence conditions. The second is to simulate the flow turbulence in an operating system to investigate the fitness for purpose of either materials of construction or chemical corrosion control methods under the operating conditions experienced. The former is fairly straight forward in that only the generation of high turbulence in the test is required. The second is much more complex in that it requires accurate flow simulation. Definition of the testing criteria is required for a flow accelerated corrosion test to effectively simulate the effect of flow on corrosion in an operating system and is critical to the validity of any flow corrosion test. This paper addresses these considerations as they apply to the most commonly used test methods for flow accelerated corrosion: Recirculating Flow LoopsRotating CylinderRotating CageJet Impingement There is no one test that will provide all of the relevant data for every project. The investigator must pick the method or methods that fit the particular situation. The goal here is to provide the information needed to select the appropriate flow accelerated test methodology that will provide the data applicable to a specific project.
Goals of Neuroethology

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Goals of Neuroethology: Roots, rules, and relevance go beyond stories of special adaptations Get access Theodore Holmes Bullock Theodore Holmes Bullock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 40, Issue 4, April 1990, Pages 244–248, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311260 Published: 01 April 1990
Ethanolic Extract of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Peel Inhibits T47D and Hela Cells Line Proliferation Via Nf-қB Pathway Inhibition

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effective and selective chemoterapeutic and chemopreventive agent is needed to cure breast and cervical cancers. One of the potential natural material is mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana). In this study, we observed cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of mangosteen peel (EMP) on HeLa cells line and T47D cells line. The cytotoxic effect was determined using MTT assay.EMP showed cytotoxic effect on T47D cells and HeLa cells with IC50 values of 2.07 μg/ml and 10.58 µg/ml respectively. Molecular docking simulation was done to predict the molecular mechanism of active compund in mangosteen peel extract, α-mangostin, in NFқB pathway which is one of the potential pathway to induce cytotoxicity on T47D and HeLa cells. Docking was done using PLANTS software and the binding score between α-mangostin and proteasom is -78,12, whereas the binding score between α-mangostin and IKK is -86.84. These results showed the possiblity mechanism of mangostin peel extract containing α-mangostin inhibits IKK activation in NFқB pathway. Based on this study, we conclude that mangosteen peel extract is potential to be developed as chemopreventive agent toward cervical and breast cancers.Keywords: Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana), cytotoxic, T47D cells, HeLa cells, NFқB
Socio-economic status and head and neck cancer incidence in the Nordic countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The impact of societal factors on the occurrence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) remains understudied, especially in the Nordic countries. Methods To quantify the association between socio-economic status (SES) and the occurrence of HNCs, this cohort study uses data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer project that combine occupational and cancer registry data from 1961 to 2005 of 14.9 million individuals aged between 30 and 64 years. Occupational categories were combined into seven socio-economic categories. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analyses were conducted with the cancer incidence rates for the entire national study populations used as reference rates. Results Altogether, 83 997 HNCs—72% in men and 28% in women—were recorded. Among men, a gradient of risk associated with SES was observed for cancers of the tongue, other oral cavity subsites, pharynx, oropharynx and larynx in groups with lower SES. Managers showed decreased SIRs of 0.50 to –0.90 also for cancers of the lip, tongue, other oral cavity subsites, oropharynx, nasopharynx, nose and larynx. In contrast, excess risks of tongue, other oral cavity subsites, pharyngeal, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers were observed among clerical (SIRs 1.05–1.16), skilled workers (1.04–1.14), unskilled workers (1.16–1.26) and economically inactive men (1.38–1.87). Among women, no risk gradient similar to that in men was revealed. Conclusions The current study underscores the influence of SES on the incidence of HNCs and highlights the need for targeted interventions, including tobacco and alcohol control policies, and improved access to healthcare services, particularly for socio-economically disadvantaged populations.
Psychiatrists' role in preventive detention: New Zealand's legislation for indefinite detention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 1993 amendment of the New Zealand Criminal Justice Act made it obligatory to obtain a psychiatric report prior to the imposition of an order of preventive detention. Preventive detention can be imposed on violent or sexual offenders, including first offenders, who a court determines are at substantial risk of reoffending upon release. The psychiatric report must address whether a substantial risk of committing an offence exists upon release, irrespective of the defendant's history of mental illness. This prediction is of a hypothetical specific offence years in the future after therapy or maturation may occur. This duty presents significant conflicts in terms of efficacy and propriety for the reporting psychiatrist This paper describes the development of the statute, and examines all the completed cases (n = 24) ordered since 1993 in the Auckland Region, from a population of one million people. All except 2 were sex offenders, and 12 orders of preventive detention were made, with a close association of the psychiatric recommendation and a finding of preventive detention. The demographic profile, offending and psychiatric history are described. The appropriateness of the opinion that is sought from the psychiatrist in the light of current opinion about the psychiatric assessment of dangerousness is discussed.
Implementation of region based medical image compression for telemedicine application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is an increasing demand for transmitting medical images for telemedicine application. These medical images are rich in radiological information and the file sizes associated with it are also large. Medical images such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) produce human body pictures in digital form and they produce excessive amount of data. So compression is necessary for storage and transmission purpose. Image compression enhances the performance of any digital system by reducing the time and cost with or without reduction in image quality. The algorithms used in this paper utilize Region Of Interest (ROI) based compression which again increases the compression ratio compared to the traditional block based methods. The results of 3 different classical algorithms with and without ROI are compared and the results are reported. ROI is coded with good fidelity than NROI and also incorporates progressive transmission. Distortion rates and compression rates are evaluated for all images and the results are compared.
Guessing Secrets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Suppose we are given some fixed (but unknown) subset X of a set# , and our object is to learn as much as possible about the elements of X by asking binary questions. Specifically, each question is just a function F:# #{0, 1},andthe answer to F is just the value F (X i )forsome X i # X, (determined, for example, by a potentially malevolent but truthful, adversary). In this paper, we describe various algorithms for solving this problem, and establish upper and lower bounds on the e#ciency of such algorithms. 1
De la suggestion (extraits)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In these extracts, taken from his work On Suggestion, Bernheim discusses the debate on psychotherapy
techniques based on suggestion. He explains the differences between suggestion and hypnotism : he proposes a
serious questioning of the curative effects of hypnosis. For the author it is through suggestion, in other terms
through words, rather than through hypnosis that the mentally ill are cured.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, PROFITABILITAS, FIRM SIZE, DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Stock return is an advantage obtained by investors in stock investment. One sector whose stock returns fluctuate and has a high inventory turnover is the consumer goods industry. The existence of stock return fluctuations is the background of this study which aims to determine the effect of leverage, profitability, firm size and liquidity on stock returns on the consumer goods industry sector companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2016 period. The sample used in this study amounted to 33 companies. The method of determining the sample used in this study was purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear analysis. The results of this study are leverage variables proxied by DER which have a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Profitability proxied by ROE has a positive and insignificant effect on stock returns. Firm size has a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Liquidity which is proxied by QR has a negative and insignificant effect on stock returns. Keywords: debt to equity ratio, return on equity, firm size, quick ratio, stock return
Advancements in English-Persian hierarchical statistical machine translation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we show that a hierarchical phrase-based translation system will outperform a classical (non-hierarchical) phrase-based system in the English-to-Persian translation direction, yet for the Persian-to-English direction, the classical phrase-based system is preferable. We seek to explain why this is so, and detail a series of translation experiments with our SMT system using various bilingual corpora each with both toolkits Moses (non-hierarchical) and Joshua (hierarchical).
Impact of a person-centred community rehabilitation service on outcomes for individuals with a neurological condition

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the first year of operation, the community rehabilitation service made a significant impact on outcomes for individuals with a neurological condition. Further research is required to identify appropriate measures of activities of daily living and quality of life that reflect person-centred rehabilitation outcomes for restoring function, maximizing function, or preparing for functional decline. Implications for Rehabilitation Self-identified goals are an important guide for achievement of meaningful outcomes for individuals with a neurological condition. Person-centred outcome measures are required to evaluate the benefits of a person-centred community rehabilitation service for individuals with a neurological condition.
How to Relate the Spreadability of Powder to the Layer Homogeneity in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Correlation between Cohesion Assessments and In Situ Printer Measurements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metallic powders are widely used in additive manufacturing processes with, for example, selective laser melting and selective laser sintering. During such operations, successive thin layers of powder are created with a ruler or with a rotating cylinder and then partially sintered or melted with an energy beam. Thin layers of only tens of microns high are usually required to guarantee sufficient vertical resolution as well as good mechanical properties of the final parts. Unfortunately, when the particle size decreases, the cohesiveness increases and the spreadability decreases. Consequently, the spreadability must be good enough to obtain homogenous successive layers. Relating the powder characteristics to spreadability during the recoating process beforehand should provide a more cost-effective way to classify and select the optimal powder and recoating speed combinations. In this study, the flowability of metal powders has been investigated with a rotating drum measurement principle. These measurements have been correlated to the powder spreadability during recoating evaluated directly inside an selective laser melting printer. Results show that the cohesive nature of the powder is a key parameter defining its spreading performance during the recoating.
FIG. 3. — A, D, USNM PAL 205850 in First report in the fossil record of a shark tooth embedded in a pinniped bone

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

FIG. 3. — A, D, USNM PAL 205850, right calcaneum of Callophoca obscura (Van Beneden, 1876) (sensu Koretsky & Ray 2008) in medial and lateral views respectively from an associated partial right pes; B, E, CMM-V-6964, right calcaneum in medial and lateral views respectively with embedded shark tooth visible in E; C, F, USNM PAL 529247, left calcaneum (reflected vertically 180º in both) of an unnamed phocid in medial and lateral views respectively. Scale bar: 50 mm.
ARTHUR H. THOMAS COMPANY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTARTHUR H. THOMAS COMPANYCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 1, 26APublication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online16 May 2012Published inissue 1 January 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60109a730RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (233 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
DNA damage due to phototherapy: Single or double lights?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On ward rounds I have sometimes been asked by medical students and residents whether it really matters if we put an infant on single, double or triple phototherapy lights. Can using ‘too much’ phototherapy cause damage to body cells? Phototherapy is not associated with serious side effects, and certainly over the past few decades has become much safer. In the presence of risk factors for severe jaundice e.g. ABO/rhesus incompatibility, using intensive phototherapy has been an easy answer. The benefits likely outweigh the risks anyway. However, it is not such an easy question when it comes to using single or more intensive phototherapy in the first instance in the absence of risk factors with borderline or moderately high serum bilirubin (SBR). A recent case-control study of 36 newborns showed that both conventional and intensive phototherapy increase DNA damage in cells.1 DNA damage was measured using single-cell gel electrophoresis in peripheral mononuclear cells. Interestingly the duration, but not the intensity of phototherapy correlated with the degree of DNA damage (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). The authors argued therefore that it might be more efficacious, less toxic to cell DNA and cost saving with reduced hospital stays to use intensive phototherapy for short duration than conventional phototherapy which will bring down the SBR at a slower rate. What is unclear is if this DNA damage is transient or has any long-lasting consequences.
Temporal change in P-wave scatterer distribution associated with the M6.1 earthquake near Iwate volcano, northeastern Japan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Temporal variation of the scatterer distribution has been detected around the focal area of an M6.1 earthquake, northeastern Japan, by applying semblance analysis to seismic array data. The variation was found in slant‐stacked waveforms of two explosions detonated just above the focal area one month before and two months after the M6.1 earthquake. According to geodetic observations, a pressure source that might be a magma reservoir exists beneath this region and its location changed during the observation period. Slant‐stacked waveforms are slightly different for the two explosions. The difference suggests that a scatterer contributing to the coda part is shifted towards the east and to greater depths only after three months. In this region, seismic and volcanic activity was very active during the interval between the two explosions. The volcanic activity of Mt Iwate just north of the M6.1 earthquake, which started several months beforehand, continued during this period. It may be considered that scatterer change relates to seismic and/or volcanic activity in the studied area.
Rolling Out Behavioral Recovery Outreach (BRO) Teams: Perspectives From an Inaugural Partner Site

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Sioux Falls VA Community Living Center (CLC) is a partner site for the Behavioral Recovery Outreach (BRO) Team dissemination. This CLC is home to over 55 Veterans requiring a variety of specialty needs such as dementia care, short-term rehabilitation, respite, hospice, and/or psychosocial needs. Many of the Veterans followed by the BRO Team on the CLC experienced frequent rehospitalizations and difficult placement in the community due to behavioral concerns. Local leadership encouraged participation in the BRO Team dissemination due to the growing need in this VA system to open access to dementia and mental health care, successfully discharge Veterans to appropriate community settings, and reduce unnecessary rehospitalizations. This presentation will discuss BRO Team development, including several factors facilitating successful BRO Team implementation (e.g., leadership support, community outreach approaches, staff partner buy-in), and identify barriers impacting successful implementation with a case example to illustrate strategies to overcome such barriers.
A tunnel field-effect transistor with a graphene derivatives (COH) n -(CF) n -(CH) n three-layer quantum well with the middle (CF) n drain layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A tunnel field-effect quantum-well nanotransistor, in which the drive voltage of 0.6 V is applied to the barriers surrounding the well, and electrons are drained from the quantum well, is considered. Electrons are tunneled into the quantum well through the first half of the double-humped tunnel barrier (double heterojunction) formed by a three-layer sandwich of broad-band 2D semiconductors (graphene derivatives, such as perhydroxy graphene (COH) n , fluorographene (CF) n , and graphane (CH) n ) with sharply different levels of the bottoms of the conduction band. The middle fluorographene (CF) n layer has the lowest conduction band bottoms, which forms the quantum well with a depth of ∼3 eV and a width of ∼0.6 nm in the common tunnel potential barrier with a width of 1.8 nm and serves as a drain channel for electrons. The source and gate metallic electrodes are adjacent to the outer layers of the sandwich 2D semiconductors, i.e., perhydroxy graphene (COH) n and graphane (CH) n , respectively, forming the common gate sandwich of 20 × 20 nm2 in size. The metallic drain electron with a width of 10 nm and a potential, which is 1 V higher than that of the first (source) electrode, is adjacent to the middle fluorographene (CF) n layer, which extends outside the sandwich, being 35 nm wider than the outer 2D semiconductor layers of the inner three-layer sandwich. The gate opening potential is 0.62 V. The maximum working voltage I sd = 2 × 10−5 A. The drain off-state current is zero, and the leakage on-state current through the gate electrode is I g = I leak ∼ 10−10 A. The quantum capacitance of the transistor enables its operation at a frequency of up to 1012 Hz.
Role of vesicles during adenovirus 2 internalization into HeLa cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this investigation, the early period of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-HeLa cell interaction was analyzed by electron microscopy and biochemical techniques. Events observed in this period ranged from the disappearance of virions from the cell surface to their subsequent association with the cell nucleus. Destabilization of the virions attached to the intact cell was necessary for virions to escape from intracellular vesicles. Strong temperature dependence and rapid escape from a vesicular compartment were shown in temporal kinetic experiments. These vesicles appeared to be acidic, since lysosomotropic agents partly inhibited the release of virions from vesicles. Studies of Ad2 binding to cells in buffers of different pH values suggested that adenovirus binds to cells by two different mechanisms. At low pH the binding was most probably mediated by the penton base and at neutral pH by the fiber protein. The number of receptor sites per cell was 25,000 and 6,000 at low and neutral pH, respectively. This study suggests that the low-pH affinity between the penton base and a vesicular membrane is important inside acid vesicles when Ad2 quickly enters the cytoplasm. However, a significant fraction of the virions was possibly internalized by a pathway not requiring a passage through such vesicles.
Experimental Evaluation of Large Spacing Compound Angle Full Coverage Film Cooling Arrays: Adiabatic Film-Cooling Effectiveness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PROCEEDINGS PAPER Experimental Evaluation of Large Spacing Compound Angle Full Coverage Film Cooling Arrays: Adiabatic Film-Cooling Effectiveness Greg Natsui, Greg Natsui University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Roberto Claretti, Roberto Claretti University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Jayanta S. Kapat, Jayanta S. Kapat University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Michael E. Crawford, Michael E. Crawford Siemens Energy Inc., Orlando, FL Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Glenn Brown, Glenn Brown Siemens Energy Inc., Orlando, FL Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ken Landis Ken Landis Florida Turbine Technology, Jupiter, FL Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author Information Greg Natsui University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Roberto Claretti University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Jayanta S. Kapat University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Michael E. Crawford Siemens Energy Inc., Orlando, FL Glenn Brown Siemens Energy Inc., Orlando, FL Ken Landis Florida Turbine Technology, Jupiter, FL Paper No: HT2012-58131, pp. 737-743; 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1115/HT2012-58131 Published Online: July 24, 2013