jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Content-Based Image Retrieval via GPU-Adaptive Index Structure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A tremendous amount of work has been conducted in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) on designing effective index structure to accelerate the retrieval process. Most of them improve the retrieval efficiency via complex index structures, and few take into account the parallel implementation of them on underlying hardware, making the existing index structures suffer from low-degree of parallelism. In this paper, a novel graphics processing unit (GPU) adaptive index structure, termed as plane semantic ball (PSB), is proposed to simultaneously reduce the work of retrieval process and exploit the parallel acceleration of underlying hardware. In PSB, semantics are embedded into the generation of representative pivots and multiple balls are selected to cover more informative reference features. With PSB, the online retrieval of CBIR is factorized into independent components that are implemented on GPU efficiently. Comparative experiments with GPU-based brute force approach demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve high speedup with little information loss. Furthermore, PSB is compared with the state-of-the-art approach, random ball cover (RBC), on two standard image datasets, Corel 10 K and GIST 1 M. Experimental results show that our approach achieves higher speedup than RBC on the same accuracy level.
Clarity Interpretation of Ceribell Rapid Response Electroencephalography Use Shows Limited Influence on Patient Disposition and Outcome (P10-1.007)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:

To report how Clarity artificial intelligence (AI) interpretation of Ceribell rapid electroencephalography influences overall patient management and disposition in the acute emergency department (ED) setting.

Background:

Ceribell rapid response electroencephalography (EEG) was developed to rapidly detect epileptiform abnormalities (EA) in patients with a high suspicion of status epilepticus (SE). Conventional EEG, although the gold standard for diagnosis of seizures and EA, requires a dedicated technician to setup and can take several hours before data is available. Ceribell with clinical neurophysiologist (CN) interpretation has been shown to increase the sensitivity and specificity of seizure diagnosis in the acute setting. Clarity is an artificial intelligent (AI) software associated with Ceribell designed to recognize epileptiform abnormalities and inform treating physicians of discharge burden, developed so that healthcare teams may act on suspected SE more acutely than awaiting the read by a CN. However, less is known regarding the effect of Clarity on management of patients in suspected SE in the ED.

Design/Methods:

Observational retrospective comparison between patients with and without Clarity reported EA at UCLA ED.

Results:

Out of 82 patients who had Ceribell use, 34% had ≥ 10% seizure burden detected by Clarity, and 12% had EA on Ceribell as read by a CN. There was a 50% match rate between Clarity and Ceribell read by CN. Our data suggests that presence of increased seizure burden as interpreted by Clarity AI did not correlate with changes in management or patient disposition by UCLA ED physicians. In contrast, Ceribell detected EA as interpreted by a CN lead to further escalation of seizure management, often with continuous EEG and anti-seizure medications.

Conclusions:

EEG data acquired by Ceribell agreed with subsequent conventional EEG as interpreted by a clinical neurophysiologist and influenced patient management by ED. The same was not seen when Clarity AI alone was used for interpretation. Disclosure: Dr. Connerney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eslami has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reider-Demer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nuwer has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for Corticare. Dr. Nuwer has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Several law firms. Dr. Nuwer has received research support from Second Sight. Dr. Nuwer has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Keselman has nothing to disclose.
More than consent for ethical open-label placebo research

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent studies have explored the effectiveness of open-label placebos (OLPs) for a variety of conditions, including chronic pain, cancer-related fatigue and irritable bowel syndrome. OLPs are thought to sidestep traditional ethical worries about placebos because they do not involve deception: with an OLP, patients or subjects are told outright that they are not given an active substance. As deception is framed as the primary hurdle to ethical placebo use, the door is ostensibly opened to ethical studies of OLPs. In this article, I suggest that even though OLPs seemingly do not involve deception, there are other ethical considerations in their clinical investigation and subsequent use. Research ethics often focusses on informed consent—of which, deception and honesty are a piece—as a means to justify research practices with human subjects. Yet, it is but one of the ethical considerations that should be taken into account. With research into placebo effects in particular, I argue that the history of clinical placebo use grounds special considerations for OLP research that go beyond respect for the autonomy of individual patients through informed consent and encompass structural concerns about the type of patient for whom a placebo has historically been thought appropriate.
WAR AND THE FATE OF MODERNISM: “THE FALL OF PARIS” BY ILYA EHRENBOURG IN CULTURAL CONTEXT OF HIS EPOCH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper analyzes Ilya Ehrenbourg’s novel “The Fall of Parisˮ (1942) against the background of synchronic and diachronic cultural contexts. The author pays special attention to the mythologization of Paris from the middle of the 19th century and to the ideological consequences of the country’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The work shows the connection of the writer’s novel with the cultural background of France “between two warsˮ. The novelist’s polemical dialogue with Jean Giraudoux on the Franco-German value-cultural collisions is demonstrated. It is concluded that for Ehrenbourg, as for a number of his Western brethren and recent researchers, the fall of Paris in 1940 was a sign of the end of the entire traditional West of Modern Times, and more specifically, the era of Modernism.
The Effects of Linguistic Labels on Object Categorization and Perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The linguistic relativity hypothesis (Whorf, 1956) claims that speakers of different languages perceive and conceptualize the world differently. Language-thought interaction is likely to be more complex in bilinguals because they have two languages that could influence their cognitive and perceptual processes.Lupyan’s (2012) Label-feedback Hypothesis proposes a mechanism underpinning language-thought interactions, arguingthat linguistic labels affect our conceptual and perceptual representations through top-down feedback.This thesis tested the Label-feedback Hypothesis by capitalizing on an interesting feature of Chinese. In English, most nouns do not provide linguistic clues to their categories (an exception issunflower), whereas in Chinese, some nouns provide explicit category information morphologically (e.g., ostrichand robinhave the morpheme bird embedded in their Chinese names), while some nouns do not (e.g., penguin and pigeon). In Chapter 2, I investigated the effects of Chinese word structure on bilinguals’ categorization processes in either a Chinese or English-speaking environment with ERP. Chinese-English bilinguals and English monolinguals judged the membership of atypical (e.g., ostrich, penguin) vs. typical (e.g., robin,pigeon) pictorial and word exemplars of various categories (e.g., bird). Half of the exemplars in each group had a category clue in their Chinese name and half did not. English monolinguals showed typicality effects in categorization RT data, the N300 and N400 of ERP data, regardless of whether the object name had a category clue in Chinese. In contrast, Chinese-English bilinguals showed a larger typicality effect for objects without category clues in their name (e.g., penguin, pigeon) than objects with clues (e.g., ostrich, robin), even when Chinese-English bilinguals were tested in English. These results demonstrate that linguistic information embedded in object names has an effect on people’s categorization processes. Furthermore, linguistic information in bilinguals’ L1 has an effect on their categorization processes even when they are using their L2. In Chapter 3, I investigated the effects of Chinese word structure on bilinguals’ object perception. A visual oddball detection task with ERP was used where pictures of four birds (robin, ostrich, pigeon, and penguin) were used as standards and deviants. In Chinese-English bilinguals that have lived in Canada for a short period of time, the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) elicited by deviant stimuli was larger for pairs without category clues (pigeon-penguin) than pairs with clues (robin-ostrich). In contrast, long-stay bilinguals and English monolinguals showed similar vMMN for the two pairs. These results demonstrate that linguistic information embedded in object names affects people’s object perception. The influences of L1 word structure on object perception diminish as bilinguals live in the L2 country for a longer time.
Examining the bubble structure and antioxidant activity of pea fibre-enriched bread using image and texture analysis, ultrasound analysis, and antioxidant assays

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The addition of pea fibre to wheat bread supports the growing trend of improving health through diet. Various evaluation tools (bread scoring, C-cell, texture profile analysis, and ultrasound) were used to monitor the sensory and mechanical quality of air bubbles in bread. Different pea fibre particle sizes (250, 125, 180, 90 μm) were added at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g/serving into a bread formulation. Improvements in specific loaf volume were observed when water absorption was optimized. Adequate water absorption mitigated the high dough viscosity effect of pea fibre. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay was used to measure antioxidant activity of pea fibre. All particle sizes of pea fibres had substantially greater antioxidant scavenging ability compared to wheat flour. The DPPH scavenging activity of pea fibre approached that of ascorbic acid by the end of the assay. Fibre-enriched bread had higher antioxidant activity compared to that of the control bread.
NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SOLUSI UNTUK TEXT MINING

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study was conducted to text-based data mining or often called text mining, classification methods commonly used method Naïve bayes classifier (NBC) and support vector machine (SVM). This classification is emphasized for Indonesian language documents, while the relationship between documents is measured by the probability that can be proven with other classification algorithms. This evident from the conclusion that the probability result Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) word “party” at least in the economic document and political. Then the result of the algorithm support vector machine (svm) with the word “price” and “kpk” contains in both economic and politic document.
Chitosan–alginate BSA-gel-capsules for local chemotherapy against drug-resistant breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Haijun Shen,1 Fang Li,1 Dongxia Wang,1 Zhihan Yang,1 Chunfang Yao,1 Yang Ye,1 Xiaona Wang2 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Internal Medicine of Jiangsu University Hospital Workers, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China Background and object: Polyelectrolyte microcapsule is a promising candidate for multifunctional drug delivery system. However, the lack of reports about animal experiments have greatly slowed down their development for drug delivery. We engineered biodegradable chitosan–alginate polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule filled with bovine serum albumin gel (BSA-gel-capsule). Herein, we demonstrated their applicability for local chemotherapy, a means of treating local or regional malignancies by direct administration of anti-tumor agents to tumor sites. Method: Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded in BSA-gel-capsules and DOX-resistant cell line (MCF-7/ADR cells) was employed for antitumor studies in vitro. The cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and distribution of DOX from BSA-gel-capsules were studied. Afterwards, MCF-7/ADR xenografts tumor model was established in nude mice. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules by intratumor injection was then evaluated. Result: Compared with free DOX, more effective cytotoxicity against MCF-7/ADR cells after treatment with DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules was revealed, demonstrating the positive reversal effect on drug-resistance. Thereafter, the more cellular uptake and nucleus distribution of DOX from BSA-gel-capsules in MCF-7/ADR cells provided convincing explanation for the reversal effect. DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules displayed remarkably more antitumor efficacy than free DOX in MCF-7/ADR cell-xenografted mice. Finally, the high DOX accumulation and prolonged retention in tumor site after local administration of DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules was demonstrated, displaying the unique advantages of BSA-gel-capsules for local chemotherapy. Conclusion: These findings indicate that DOX-loaded BSA-gel-capsules should be considered a potential candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer. This paper provides a feasibility for the local chemotherapy of polyelectrolyte microcapsules, which will be a big step towards their application as drug delivery vehicles. Keywords: polyelectrolyte capsule, bovine serum albumin, layer-by-layer, pH-responsive, intratumor injection, multidrug resistance
The Influence of Relative Hamstring Flexibility and Lumbar Extensor Strength on Lumbar and Pelvic Kinematics During a Stoop Lift

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of relative hamstring flexibility and lumbar extensor strength on lumbar flexion during a stoop lift. Lumbar flexion during stoop lifting has been associated with increased bending stress and load on the lumbar spine. The potential impairments that contribute to a flexed lumbar lifting posture during stoop lifting are unclear. Forty-nine healthy individuals (27 females and 22 males) between the ages of 18 and 40 participated. Strength of the lumbar extensors was measured with a motor-driven dynamometer, and relative hamstring flexibility was estimated with the passive knee extension test. Peak lumbar flexion and pelvis anterior rotation were quantified with 3D motion capture during a stoop lift. There was a positive correlation between relative hamstring flexibility and peak pelvis anterior rotation angle during the stoop lift ( r = .544, P < .001). Meanwhile, there was a negative correlation between middle lumbar spine peak flexion and relative hamstring flexibility ( r = −.538, P < .001) and a negative correlation between lumbar extensor strength and lower lumbar peak flexion ( r = −.288, P = .045). Individuals with decreased strength and limited relative hamstring flexibility tended to exhibit increased lumbar flexion during stoop lifting.
An artificial neural network model for predicting mechanical strength of bamboo-wood composite based on layups configuration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The transportation application of the bamboo–wood composite container flooring (BWCCF) has increased considerably. However, materials would be destroyed in the process of common mechanical evaluation, resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore, this paper aims to design artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict mechanical strength of BWCCF. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of BWCCF were predicted by ANN models based on layups configuration, including directions, densities, and thicknesses of 21-layer BWCCF in each layer. According to results, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) and the correlation coefficient (R) were determined as 16.93% and 0.619 in prediction of MOR, and 10.10% and 0.709 in prediction of MOE, respectively. The results indicated that ANN can be applied to predict mechanical properties of BWCCF.
[Postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the period between 1972 and 1978, 226 patients were operated on for carcinoma of the uterine cervix at Hiroshima University, and 91 patients were treated by postoperative external irradiation. Patients with lymph node metastasis showed markedly lower five-year survival rates stage I: 44.4%; stage II: 45.0%) than those without lymph node metastasis (99.3% and 84.0%, respectively). In view of benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer, only to the node positive and tumor rest patients is recommended.
Extending the gift of donation: blood donor public health studies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives The effect of blood donation on donor health has long been a neglected research area. Blood donors are generally willing to contribute to scientific studies, and data obtained from blood donors may thus serve as a source for general health research. The D anish B lood D onor S tudy ( DBDS ) intends to study the influence of blood donation on the health of blood donors and to serve as a national platform for collaborative health research. Materials and Methods DBDS relies on an existing infrastructure for standardized data collection, handling and storage of plasma samples in the blood banks. In addition, we obtain an informed consent and collect a four‐page questionnaire data, data from public registries, and DNA on all participating donors. Results Since 2010, more than 86 000 D anish blood donors have been enrolled in DBDS (participation rate >95% of invited donors). Questionnaire data from the first 40 000 donors are available for research. DNA has been extracted, and ferritin and hs CRP have been measured among the first 20 000 donors. In addition, clinical endpoints are available through the D anish national health registries. A large variety of collaborative studies have been initiated, and the costs of DBDS are much lower than similar studies where the infrastructure needs to be invented for pure research purposes. Conclusion The DBDS shows that it is feasible to establish a large prospective epidemiological research cohort within the blood bank system at a low cost. Blood donors are willing to provide information for health research, ensuring a high participation rate.
Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dandelion extracts have been studied extensively in recent years for its anti-depressant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recent work from our lab, with in-vitro systems, shows the anti-cancer potential of an aqueous dandelion root extract (DRE) in several cancer cell models, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. In this study, we examined the cancer cell-killing effectiveness of an aqueous DRE in colon cancer cell models. Aqueous DRE induced programmed cell death (PCD) selectively in > 95% of colon cancer cells, irrespective of their p53 status, by 48 hours of treatment. The anti-cancer efficacy of this extract was confirmed in in-vivo studies, as the oral administration of DRE retarded the growth of human colon xenograft models by more than 90%. We found the activation of multiple death pathways in cancer cells by DRE treatment, as revealed by gene expression analyses showing the expression of genes implicated in programmed cell death. Phytochemical analyses of the extract showed complex multi-component composition of the DRE, including some known bioactive phytochemicals such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol and taraxasterol. This suggested that this natural extract could engage and effectively target multiple vulnerabilities of cancer cells. Therefore, DRE could be a non-toxic and effective anti-cancer alternative, instrumental for reducing the occurrence of cancer cells drug-resistance.
EEG Analysis of Selective Attention during Error Potential BCI experiments

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) permit to control external devices through the detection and classification of brain activity. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signal is recorded to interpret this activity and the cerebral responses to specific stimuli can be used as drivers for the BCI system. During BCI tasks the attention of the subject plays a key role on the good performance of the system and engaging protocols are crucial for obtaining reliable results. Attention is particularly related to the Error Potential (ErrP), a specific EEG Evoked Potential (EP) that is elicited whenever an error is detected by the subject, either if it is performed by the subject itself or by another person or by a machine.In this paper an analysis of EEG features related to attention during ErrP-based BCI tasks is presented in order to assess how attention varies during a BCI experiment and how this affects the performance of the final system. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) in a band and the ratio of the PSD in beta and theta bands have been chosen as attention descriptors.The obtained results suggest that two subsets of subjects can be distinguished one more focused than the other in terms of attention related EEG features. The more attentive subset also resulted in better performance when in terms of balanced accuracy, using a Convolutional Neural Network for classifying between ErrP and Non-ErrP epochs.These results confirm how crucial subject's attention is during BCI experiments to obtain good performances. Moreover, the differences in ErrP and Non-ErrP epochs in terms of attention related EEG features, suggest that they can be useful descriptors for machine learning algorithms for classifying this EP in BCI application.
[Acute ischemia of the lower limbs. Paraclinical non-invasive examination (arteries, veins, capillaries)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author defines the conditions under which vascular function studies may have a place in the presence of acute ischaemia of the lower limbs (essentially due to obstruction of a main artery). Ultrasound methods (Doppler, echography) seem to be the most valuable. Digital plethysmographic pulse and measurement of pO2 are used for the early surveillance of the results of treatment. Function studies should be a useful addition to clinical and angiographic findings within a vascular team, by improving estimation of the perfusion of the distal system taken as a whole.