jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
De Novo RNA Seq Assembly and Annotation of <i>Vicia sativa</i> L. (SRR403901)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vicia sativa L. which is also known as common vetch; is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae. Recently, next-generation sequencing technology, termed RNA-seq, has provided a powerful approach for analysing the Transcriptome. This study is focus on RNA-seq of Vicia sativa L. of SRR403901 from NCBI database for de novo Transcriptome analysis. A total of 12.4 million single reads were generated with N50 of 588 bp. Sequence assembly contained total 22748 contigs which is further search with known proteins, a total of 7652 genes were identified. Among these, only 500 unigenes were annotated with 18761 gene ontology (GO) functional categories and sequences mapped to 122 pathways by searching against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database (KEGG). These data will be useful for gene discovery and functional studies and the large number of transcripts reported in the current study will serve as a valuable genetic resource of the Vicia sativa L ..
Mild Illness during Outbreak of Shiga Toxin−ProducingEscherichia coliO157 Infections Associated with Agricultural Show, Australia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During a large outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli illness associated with an agricultural show in Australia, we used whole-genome sequencing to detect an IS1203v insertion in the Shiga toxin 2c subunit A gene of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. Our study showed that clinical illness was mild, and hemolytic uremic syndrome was not detected.
REQUIREMENT FOR α-L-FUCOSE ON THE MACROPHAGE MEMBRANE RECEPTOR FOR MIF

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

α-L-fucose abolishes the activity of guinea pig migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the macrophages. Other sugars such as α-D-glucose, β-D-galactose, α-L-rhamnose, methyl-α-D-mannoside, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine had no effect. Theabolition of MIF activity by α-L-fucose was reversible. When macrophages were incubated with α-L-fucosidase, a glycosidase which splits terminal α-L-fucose from oligosaccharides, the macrophages no longer responded to MIF. On the other hand, MIF incubated with α-L-fucosidase was still active. These experiments strongly suggest that α-L-fucose comprises an essential part of a macrophage membrane receptor for MIF.
Preparing for an interdisciplinary future: A perspective from early-career researchers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasingly, research is moving towards more interdisciplinary endeavours. Effective collaboration between people from different disciplines is necessary to maximise the potential benefits of interdisciplinarity for future research activity. This paper analyses an approach to fostering the skills required for successful cross-disciplinary collaboration from the perspective of an interdisciplinary group of early-career researchers. Our reflection on how specially-designed encounters can help to shape future interdisciplinary research initiatives draws on the discussion of a four-day workshop, a post-event survey, and a review of other experiences. We conclude that interdisciplinary encounters are an effective means to support the development of future interdisciplinary researchers, with a major advantage of this approach being the opportunity for open communication. Depending on the organiser's aim, we distinguish between “cultivation” and “development” encounters. Among the multiple factors that produce successful interdisciplinary encounters, we found that selection of a theme, participants and location need to be tailored to the encounter's particular objectives. We recommend that funding bodies and other members of the research community should take note of the effectiveness of encounters to foster interdisciplinarity and generate space to develop more innovative and high-impact research that delivers solutions to the challenges facing humanity in the future.
Tucum-do-Cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) May Promote Anti-Aging Effect by Upregulating SIRT1-Nrf2 Pathway and Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aging may be related to oxidative damage accumulation and a low-grade inflammation, both responses are modulated by iron and phytochemicals. This study investigated the effect of tucum-do-cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) consumption on the expression of sirtuins (SIRT 1 and 3) and senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), and on the redox and inflammatory responses, in adult rats supplemented or not with dietary iron. Male Wistar rats were treated for 12 weeks with: control diet (CT); iron enriched-diet (+Fe); control diet + 15% tucum-do-cerrado (Tuc); or iron enriched-diet + 15% tucum-do-cerrado (Tuc + Fe). Iron supplementation (+Fe) increased liver, spleen and intestine iron levels, transferrin saturation, serum iron, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, hepatic carbonyl content and and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hepatic Nrf2 protein and Nqo1 mRNA levels and decreased the renal Sirt1 mRNA levels in relation to CT group. Tucum-do-cerrado consumption (Tuc) increased hepatic SOD activity, Nrf2 and SIRT1 mRNA and protein contents, and Nqo1 mRNA levels, while it decreased the renal SOD activity compared with the CT diet. The consumption of tucum-do-cerrado associated with the iron-enriched diet (Tuc + Fe) increased the iron levels in tissues and serum transferrin saturation, compared to the CT diet, while promoting a decrease in hepatic carbonyl and renal malondialdehyde levels, marginally reducing serum IL-6 levels, and increasing hepatic SIRT1 protein content, renal Sirt1 and hepatic Nrf2 mRNA levels, compared to the +Fe group. None of the treatments altered Smp30 mRNA levels. The results suggest that tucum-do-cerrado consumption might promote an anti-aging effect by increasing SIRT1 expression, which may enhance Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels and its downstream pathway, which in turn decrease oxidative damage to proteins and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), induced by iron excess.
Study on Pharmacokinetics of Perillyl Alcohol Chitosan Submicron Emulsions in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics characteristics of Perillyl alcohol(POH)solution(POH-SL),Perillyl alcohol submicron emulsions(POH-SE)and Perillyl alcohol chitosan submicron emulsions(POH-CSSE)in rats. METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into POH-SL group,POH-SE group and POH-CSSE group with 6 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicines 65 mg/kg intravenously via tail vein. The plasma concentrations of POH were determined by HPLC 5,10,15,30,45,60,120,240,360,480 and 600 min after medication. The pharmacokinetic parameters of POH were calculated by Kinetica4.4.1 software. The determination was performed on Agilent Zorbax XDB C18column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(40 ∶60)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of POH were 0.05-25 μg/ml(r=0.999 6)with average recovery of(95.64±0.03)%-(98.65±0.09)%(RSD≤8.62%,n=5). The pharmacokinetic parameters of POH-SL,POH-SE and POH-CSSE were as follows:t1/2β(81.65±0.107)min,(121.58±0.021)min and(130.69±0.031)min;AUC0-∞:(4 944.19±0.024)mg·min/L,(6 716.22±0.044)mg·min/L and(7 008.46±0.035)mg·min/L;K10:(0.005 397±0.021)min-1,(0.004 216±0.012)min-1and(0.004 186±0.013)min-1. Compared with POH-SL,t1/2βand AUC0-∞of POH-SE and POH-CSSE were increased significantly(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:POH-CSSE has a better long-circulating effect in rats,which can extend absorption of POH.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Mediated Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in 1F6 Human Melanoma Cells is Regulated by Activation of PI-3K and p38 MAPK

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background : 1F6 human melanoma xenografts overexpressing either the 18 kD (18kD) form or all (ALL) forms of human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) demonstrate an abundant number of microvessels and accelerated growth. We now examined whether bFGF mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Methods : Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine bFGF and VEGF mRNA, VEGF protein secretion was measured by ELISA and VEGF promoter activation was assessed by a dual luciferase activity assay. Western blot was carried out to detect phosphorylation of bFGF-regulated target proteins. Results : In 1F6-18kD and 1F6-ALL clones VEGF mRNA was increased 4- to 5-fold and VEGF protein secretion was highly stimulated due to activation of the VEGF promotor. PI-3K, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways were activated, while inhibition of PI-3K or p38 resulted in, respectively, 55% and up to 70% reduction of VEGF mRNA overexpression. A concurrent 60% decrease in VEGF protein secretion was mostly apparent upon inhibition of PI-3K. Inhibition of ERK1/2 hardly affected VEGF mRNA or protein secretion. Two unselected human melanoma cell lines with high metastatic potential contained high bFGF and VEGF, while three non- or sporadically metastatic cell lines displayed low bFGF and VEGF. Conclusion : These data indicate that stimulation of VEGF protein secretion in response to bFGF overexpression may contribute to increased vascularization and enhanced aggressiveness in melanoma.
ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF OSTRACODA IN PYRENEAN SPRINGS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Distribution of populations of fresh-water ostracodes were studied together with physico-chemical variables in 149 helocrene springs in the Central Pyrenees. Twenty-one species were recorded in this survey; ten of them are cited in Spain for the first time: Candona parallela, Cryptocandona vavrai, Cypria lacustris, Ilyocypris inermis, Ilyocypris decipiens, Notodromas persica, Eucypris pigra, Herpetocypris brevicaudata, Psychrodromus olivaceus, and Psychrodromus,new species. Literature records for the area considered, most of them published more than 40 years ago, are also discussed. Due to the high diversity of spring types, the ostracode fauna is not restricted to truly crenobiont species; crenophilic species and several generalists have also invaded these habitats. In general, ostracode species prefer springs with a high mineral content and low flow discharge. From a biogeographical point of view, ostracode fauna on the Spanish slopes of the Pyrenees allows the distinction between a zone of marginal mountains, characterized by a continental climate with a strong Mediterranean influence, and a zone which includes the axial mountains, with a continental climate, but with a perceptible Atlantic influence. True boreo-Alpine species are not represented in Pyrenean springs, but a significant number of widely distributed coldwater stenothermal species occurs, supporting the idea that these habitats acted as refuges for widely distributed species during the Ice Age.
Experimental Results of an Investigation of Two Methods of Inflight Thrust Measurement Applicable to Afterburning Turbojet Engines with Ejectors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Report presenting an investigation in an altitude test chamber using a turbojet engine equipped with an afterburner and ejector to compare directly two techniques of determining thrust that are both applicable to flight installations. One method uses a swinging uncooled rake at the ejector outlet while the other requires extensive instrumentation to measure the momentum forces of systems and the force on the internal surface of the ejector nozzle. Results regarding the swinging-rake technique and internal-pressure technique are provided.
A Survey on Existing Tools for Supporting Preventive Activities for Health Problems Caused by Long Working Hours

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

目的：過労死等の防止のために職場で行う自主的・組織的対策を支援する方法あるいはツールを検討するための文献・資料調査を実施する．調査結果に基づいて既存の成果と今後の課題を整理する．
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-cardioembolic stroke patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

要旨：非心原性脳梗塞患者における左室拡張障害の頻度および中等度以上の拡張障害の関連因子を検討した．対象は2015 年9 月～2017 年6 月に入院した発症7 日以内の非心原性脳梗塞患者100 例で，経胸壁心臓超音波検査で拡張機能を評価し，正常，弛緩障害（軽度），偽正常化（中等度），拘束型（高度）に分類した．左室拡張障害は70 例に認め，中等度以上は10 例であった．BNP 値は，中等度以上の左室拡張障害を有する群で有意に高かった（中央値26.9 vs. 96.8 pg/ml，p=0.0009）．多変量解析の結果，BNP>80 pg/ml が，中等度以上の左室拡張障害の独立した関連因子であった（OR 8.12，95％ CI 1.162–56.67，p=0.035）．非心原性脳梗塞患者は左室拡張障害を高率に合併し，BNP>80 pg/mlは中等度以上の拡張障害の存在を考慮する必要がある．
Classical and relativistic laws of motion for spherical supernovas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We derive some first order differential equations which model the classical and the relativistic thin layer approximations. The circumstellar medium is assumed to follow a density profile which can be exponential, Gaussian, Plummer-like, self-gravitating of Lane--Emden ($n=5$) type, or power law. The first order differential equations are solved analytically, or numerically, or by a series expansion, or by recursion, or by Padé approximation. The initial conditions are chosen in order to model the temporal evolution of SN 1993J over ten years. The Padé approximated equations of motion are applied to four SNRs: Tycho, Cas A, Cygnus loop, and SN~1006.
Optimal file allocation in a distributed computer network by orthogonal array experiments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of allocating files in a distributed network of interconnected computers, is one of minimizing the overall operating cost while satisfying the finite computer storage capacity constraint and the bounds on the time to access the files. The overall operating cost consists of the cost of storing the files in the computers and the cost of transferring them across the network. This problem has been formulated previously as a nonlinear zero-one integer programming problem (W.W.Chu, 1969) and solved as a linear zero-one integer programming problem, using the Gomory cutting technique (1963). When the communication link capacities are non-uniform, the dimension, of the problem increases drastically, and conventional integer programming techniques are not computationally efficient. The author provides an alternative approach, in which he solves the nonlinear integer problem directly, using what is known as the orthogonal array experiment. Also known as the Taguchi method used in quality control, the orthogonal array experiment is extremely efficient and, for this class of problems, provides the same optimal allocation as do compositionally intensive conventional integer programming methods.
Regeneration of Asparagus racemosus L. through tissue culture.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Protocol was developed for in vitro propagation of Asparagus racemosus L. through induction of organogenesis in nodal segment derived callus tissue. Yellowish-green nodular callus was induced on MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The callus got differentiated into adventitious shoots when it was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l Kn + 0.5 mg/l NAA. On an average shoots/culture were developed well, compared to control (6.87 ± 0.26). These micro shoots were rooted with 1.0 mg/l IBA and the rooted plantlets were transferred to soil after proper acclimatization.
Comparison of Shaping Ability of T-Endo MUST and WaveOne Gold with Glide Path Instruments: An In Vitro Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim was to compare the shaping ability and the canal straightening of T-Endo MUST and WaveOne Gold reciprocal file systems with glide path files in resin J-shaped root canals. Material and Methods: Two groups (n=17) were established. TEM tg (13/.04) + TEM M25 (25/.06) and WOG Glider (15/.02) + WOG Primary (25/.07) were used to prepare the resin simulated canals. A series of preoperative and postoperative images were taken by a digital camera and they were superimposed. The curvature angles and the amount of resin removed from both the inner and the outer wall of the canal into the level of 7 mm from the apical point, with a 1 mm increment were measured. The data were evaluated with independent samples Student's t-test with 5% significance interval. Results: There was no statistically difference between TEM and WOG reciprocal files (p>0.05). No instrument fracture or canal aberrations were inspected during canal preparation. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this present study, TEM and WOG files maintained the original canal curvature in curved canals. They produced conservative shapes with lower foramen transportation.
Oral or intramuscular vitamin B12?: Table 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vitamin B 12 deficiency is common, becoming more so with age, and estimates of its population prevalence have ranged from 1.5% to 15%.1 , 2 If untreated, it can lead to megaloblastic anaemia and irreversible neurological complications. In the UK, the usual treatment is regular intramuscular injections of hydroxocobalamin.3 , 4 High-dose oral vitamin B 12 replacement is standard practice in some other countries5 and less costly.6 Here we review issues around adopting an oral vitamin B 12 replacement regimen more widely in the UK.
Generalized Reissner–Mindlin Model for Composite Plates with No Restrictions on Constituent Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unlike previous works, the present work implements the variational-asymptotic method to develop a generalized Reissner–Mindlin model for composite plates made of inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. From a mathematical perspective, an equivalent two-dimensional plate model is first constructed through a dimensional-reduction procedure that involves the asymptotically correct energy functional up to second order in small parameters and with no specific restrictions on constituent materials. Next, to obtain a generalized Reissner–Mindlin plate model, a hybrid energy transformation procedure is applied from an engineering perspective. During this procedure, the unnecessary mathematical complexity of partial-derivative terms in the energy functional derived herein and obscure physical interpretations of mechanical boundary conditions in the plate modeling are systematically resolved. To evaluate the accuracy and capability of these procedures, three-dimensional recovery relations are established to predict the three-dimensional fields of the original three-dimensional structure. Several examples from the literature are presented to demonstrate the consistency and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Optimizing the Balance Between Host and Environmental Survival Skills: Lessons Learned from Listeria monocytogenes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Environmental pathogens - organisms that survive in the outside environment but maintain the capacity to cause disease in mammals - navigate the challenges of life in habitats that range from water and soil to the cytosol of host cells. The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes has served for decades as a model organism for studies of host-pathogen interactions and for fundamental paradigms of cell biology. This ubiquitous saprophyte has recently become a model for understanding how an environmental bacterium switches to life within human cells. This review describes how L. monocytogenes balances life in disparate environments with the help of a critical virulence regulator known as PrfA. Understanding L. monocytogenes survival strategies is important for gaining insight into how environmental microbes become pathogens.
Adaptation of Avian Eggs to Incubation Period Variability Around Allometric Regressions Is Correlated with Time

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many morphological and physiological parameters of avian eggs are known to be correlated with fresh egg weight, <it>i.e</it>, to exhibit allometric relationships. It has been predicted that part of the variability around some of these allometric relationships is the result of adaptations to incubation periods of different lengths. I performed multiple regressions of three of these parameters (the rate of water loss in the nest, conductance of the shell to gases and the rate of O<inf>2</inf> consumption just prior to hatching) <it>versus</it> weight and incubation period to test these predictions. All these parameters were significantly correlated with weight and for eggs of the same weight inversely correlated with the length of the incubation period. Other investigators have reported allometric interrelations between weight, life span and other parameters. For example the average number of heartbeats is the same in mammals of all weights. The kind of interrelation reported in this study appears similar to this kind of allometric interrelation but is actually quite different because it concerns organisms of the same weight. I refer to this kind of interrelation between various parameters for eggs of the same weight as an isometric interrelation. The two kinds of interrelations are quite independent the existence of an allometric interrelation does not prove the existence of an isometric interrelation.
Identification of a type 6 protein Ser/Thr phosphatase regulated by interleukin-2 stimulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have identified a 36 kD phosphoprotein that forms a complex with spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in lymphocyte extracts. This 36 kD protein is differentially phosphorylated in transformed human lymphoid cell lines and is regulated by IL-2 in peripheral blood T cells. We purified the 36 kD protein from human lymphocytes by employing a combination of immuno-affinity chromatography and preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Internal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified protein yielded two peptides that had perfect matches with sequences in the human protein serine/threonine phosphatase 6 (PP6). Using degenerate primers corresponding to the peptides, we obtained from a human T lymphocyte cDNA library a DNA fragment whose sequence is homologous to an EST cDNA clone (R05547). The predicted amino acid sequence of this clone showed over 98% sequence identity to human PP6. The identification of an IL-2 regulated type 6 protein serine/threonine phosphatase in lymphocytes was further substantiated by immunoblotting with anti-peptide antibodies. These findings suggest that PP6 is a component of a signaling pathway regulating cell cycle progression in response to IL-2 receptor stimulation.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Considerable evidence has accrued that cardiovascular disease (CVD) has its beginnings during childhood, with some reports of endothelial damage occurring in early adolescence. Thus, early prevention and intervention on developing cardiometabolic risk factors is important. Presently, diet and exercise are strategic parts of any CVD prevention or treatment program. Although diet is important, the effects of exercise training or regular moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity go beyond simply modifying the traditional risk factors. For children, the majority of studies show that regular physical activity can lower elevated blood pressure, positively influence lipid profiles, reduce inflammation, and improve vascular functioning. These changes are most evident in children who exercise and lose weight. Despite these potential benefits of physical activity, not all studies on children have found positive effects of habitual physical activity on CVD risk factors. Reasons for these differences are discussed throughout this review. The literature also suggests that habitual physical activity, although meeting guidelines, may not be sufficient for all individuals to bring about changes; thus, to be an effective modality physical activity needs to increase beyond habitual levels or be of a moderate to vigorous intensity. This review provides recent evidence (since 2008) regarding the influence of physical activity on the cardiometabolic risk factors in children.