jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structural control systems: performance assessment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A systematic comparison of the performance of different control systems will be useful for the designer in selecting the most effective control system for a structure. The capabilities of ideal passive and active control systems are compared in this study. The passive system consists of an ideal viscous damper. The ideal active system is an ideal actuator which can instantaneously and precisely supply the commanded force. For determining the control action, an H/sub 2//LQG control algorithm was selected. To evaluate and compare the controllers, the structural responses of various 1-, 3-, 6-, 10- and 20-story buildings are examined. The ground excitation is modeled as a white noise, and RMS values of the structural responses and control forces are determined.
Chiloscyllium plagiosum: Kyne, P.M., Bin Ali, A., Fahmi, Finucci, B., Herman, K., Manjaji Matsumoto, B.M. & VanderWright, W.J.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
Localities and sites of the Southeastern-Alpine endemic species Spiraea decumbens Koch in Breginjski kot (Northwestern Slovenia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The eastern distribution limit of Spiraea decumbens s. str. is in Breginjski Kot (northwestern Slovenia), where we recorded 49 localities of this eastern-Alpine endemic plant species. We determined two new localities in a new quadrant (9746/4) on riparian rocks of the Nadiža River under Mt. Mija at Kozja Peč, which is currently the southeasternmost point of its entire distribution area. We conducted a phytosociological survey of 26 localities. This endemic occurs in dolomite rock crevices in stands classified within the association Spiraeo-Potentilletum caulescentis. On dolomite screes and torrential fens it is found to dominate on small areas in the successional stages, classified into the provisional association Aquilegio einseleanea-Spiraeetum decumbentis (alliance Petasition paradoxi) and into the new association Spiraeo decumbentis-Seslerietum calcariae (alliance Caricion austroalpinae). These stages are gradually becoming overgrown with thermophilous deciduous trees, and in one of the relevés we found the studied species in an open hop hornbeam stand classified into the association Fraxino orni-Ostryetum. Its populations are vital and unthreatened, except in the two new localities under Mt. Mija, which call for special protection due to their small size and a possibility of being backfilled with gravel.
Editorial: Engaging the Spiritual

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Educational reforms and processes have consistently explored the terrain of transformation at the individual as well as institutional levels.A historical analysis of changes and policies that have brought about the desired as well as unintended changes in society do acknowledge the difference between what is 'wholesome' or 'good' and 'unwholesome' or 'bad'.The desire for 'wholeness' directs one's attention to a realm that is termed as spiritual; that which is over and above the common -whether seen from economic, political, social or even religious factors that circumscribe individuals and communities.
Long-Distance Triathletes’ Intentions to Manipulate Energy and Macronutrient Intake Over a Training Macrocycle

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study explored the information sources long-distance triathletes used to inform their training and nutrition plans, and evaluated these plans over a training macrocycle. Seventy-four long-distance triathletes completed the online survey. Coaches were the most popular training information source (69%), whereas nonprofessional sources (internet 65%, other athletes 53%) were more popular than nutritionists (29%) for nutrition information. Attributes valued most in an information source were: source prior personal experience, individualized advice, breadth of knowledge, and credibility. Sixty-five percent of participants reported previously manipulating dietary intake to improve performance. Forty-three percent reported carbohydrate loading previously, but only 29% planned to carbohydrate load for their upcoming event. Thirty-six percent of participants planned to reduce carbohydrate intake at some point in training, predominantly early (28%) and toward the end (22%) of their macrocycles. Twenty percent of participants planned to maintain energy intake early, and increase (14%) or maintain energy intake (15%) mid-cycle. Triathletes’ training plans showed intentions for concurrent increases in volume and intensity, rather than a classical periodized training progression. Limitations of this study include the lack of diet intake and training data, quantitative comparison with dietary guidelines and high/low carbohydrate classification, and an overrepresentation of women in the study cohort. This research showed the popularity of the internet and other athletes to inform triathletes’ nutrition plans, and revealed intentions to reduce carbohydrate intakes alongside training load increases, contrary to professional guidelines. Understanding athletes’ intentions and sources of nutrition information is crucial to developing effective nutrition education strategies.
Bacterial community-acquired pneumonia in children: changes in causative agents.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this review, the authors present the current concept on the bacterial etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. The changes which have taken place after the introduction of modern serology for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia are discussed. Based on the current knowledge, the authors present the recommendations for empirical antibiotic therapy of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in basically healthy children.
Análisis del endeudamiento de los hogares colombianos

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the key drivers of Colombian household’s indebtedness during the past 14 years, using Financial Accounts provided by the Central Bank (Banco de la República) and a random sample of individuals Tax Income Statements reported to the Tax Office (DIAN) between 1993 and 2004. Based on a simple choice model, the results suggest that collateral and carried debt are the main drivers of indebtedness, in consequence policy should be household equity and interest rate oriented in order to avoid a massive default crisis such as the one ocurred in 1999.
Quality of and Attention to Instructions in Telementoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a long-standing interest in CSCW on distributed instruction - both in how it differs from collocated instruction as well as the design of tools to reduce any deficiencies. In this study, we leveraged the unique environment of laparoscopic surgery to compare the efficacy and mechanism of instruction in a collocated and distributed condition. By implementing the same instructional technology in both conditions, we are able to evaluate the effect of distance on instruction without the confounding variable of medium of instruction. Surprisingly, our findings revealed trainees perceived a higher perceived quality of instruction in the distributed condition. Further investigation suggests that in a distributed learning environment, trainees change their behavior to attend more to the provided instructions resulting in this higher perceived quality of instruction. Finally, we discuss our findings with regards to media compensation theory, and we provide both social and technical insights on how to better support a distributed instructional process.
Clinical Utility of Urine DNA for Noninvasive Detection and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Urothelial Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Current methods for the early detection and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring of urothelial carcinoma (UC) are invasive and/or possess suboptimal sensitivity. We developed an efficient workflow named urine tumor DNA multidimensional bioinformatic predictor (utLIFE). Using UC-specific mutations and large copy number variations, utLIFE-UC model was developed on bladder cancer cohort (n = 150) and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer cohort (n=674) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cohort (n=22). The utLIFE-UC model could discriminate 92.8% UC with 96.0% specificity, and validated robustly in BLCA_TCGA and UTUC cohorts. Furthermore, compared to cytology, utLIFE-UC achieved a great improvement in detection of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC, p<0.01). In the MRD cohort, utLIFE-UC could distinguish 100% of patients with residual disease, showing superior sensitivity than cytology (p<0.01) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH, p<0.05). utLIFE-UC is a promising method for early diagnosis and MRD monitoring in UC. This study shows that utLIFE-UC can detect urothelial carcinoma with high sensitivity and specificity in patients in early-stage cancer or with minimal residual disease, is a cost-effective, rapid, high-throughput, noninvasive, and promising approach that may reduce the burden of cystoscopy and blind surgery.
Kirkjubømúrurin: R009

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sligin basalt steinur úr Kirkjubømúrinum, partur av steinasavninum hjá Tjóðsavninum. English: Carved basalt stone from Kirkjubømúrinum (The Saint Magnus Cathedral), in storage at Tjóðsavnið. Dimension: 30 x 27 x18 cm. Created by Petur Hansen, using Artec space spider scanner and Artec Studio 15. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Purification and characterization of exo-β-1,3-glucanase from a hatching supernatant of Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Exo-β-1,3-glucanase from the sea urchin embryos was purified 114-fold from the initial hatching supernatant by the following procedures: (a) gel filtration on Sephadex G-100; (b) hydrophobic chromatography on 4-phenylbutylamine-Sepharose (PBA-Sepharose); (c) two ion-exchange chromatographic steps on DEAE-cellulose; (d) gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34; (e) gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme contained 2.2% carbohydrate and gave a single protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 136 000 following electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) – urea – polyacrylamide gel. Gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34 with a nondenaturing solvent gave a molecular weight of 130 000 ± 6000. The enzyme displayed an optimum pH at 5.0–5.5 and hydrolysed laminarin and PS(curdlan)-beads at the nonreducing ends, releasing glucose. Although activity of the purified enzyme was not affected by SDS, urea, some divalent ions, and 2-mercaptoethanol, both dithiothreitol and Hg 2+ were markedly inhibitory.
Various growth strategies of yellow birch seedlings in multiple-abiotic factor changing environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Elevated CO2 concentration, light intensity and soil-sterile conditions are thought as three of the most important factors to affect plant growth and development. However, their combined physiological effect on plants is unknown so far. In this study, we measured the possible individual and combined impacts of the three factors on the growth of yellow birch seedlings (Betula alleghaniensis Britton). Our results showed that from individual perspective, elevated CO2 can significantly increase biomass attributes (e.g., leaf, root, and stem) and root biomass ratio; light intensity can significantly influence traits like total biomass and leaf biomass; while soil conditions can influence traits like height and leaf biomass. From two-way interaction perspective, the interaction CO2 and soil can significantly influence total plant biomass, root biomass and R:S ratio; the interaction of light and soil significantly influenced the height, basal diameter, stem biomass, and so on; the interaction between CO2 and light did not significantly influence the plant growth parameters except for branch biomass ratio. From three-way interaction perspective, both traits stem biomass and root biomass were influenced by the co-effect of the three environmental factors. In conclusion, single or interactive effects among CO2, light intensity and soil conditions can lead to various growth strategies for the yellow birch.
Zebrafish models of Dravet syndrome: discovery of antiseizure drug leads and analysis of behavioural comorbidities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most frequent genetic epilepsies, with an incidence of 1/30,000. Most DS patients are pharmacoresistant, in that they do not respond adequately to currently available anticonvulsant drugs (ASDs). Beside the seizure occurrence in these patients, many DS patients also suffer from cognitive impairment that can be aggravated by some of the seizure medications prescribed. Preclinical models such as mouse models of Dravet syndrome have been developed and described to exhibit cognitive deficits similar to those of DS patients, but are only suitable for the evaluation of small number of compounds, thereby limiting their utility for drug discovery. An animal model with higher screening throughput would therefore be of value for drug discovery efforts focused on seizure reduction and decrease of the comorbidities associated with DS. Recent studies on zebrafish have demonstrated its ability to be a promising in vivo model for DS. Two different zebrafish DS models - one based on a loss-of-function mutation in the zebrafish ortholog of SCN1A, the other based on an antisense knockdown of this gene - exhibit seizure-like behaviour and epileptiform discharges that are exacerbated by hyperthermia. The mutant line was also described to display greater anxiety levels. In this Doctoral thesis project, we are investigating these zebrafish DS models with regard to (1) their seizure occurrence and potential reduction following exposure to several anticonvulsant drug candidates, and (2), their cognitive functions in order to determine possible similarities with cognitive impairment in human DS patients. Our results indicate these zebrafish DS models to exhibit memory impairment and higher anxiety levels. These findings provide an initial insight into the resemblance between human patients and zebrafish in terms of comorbidities. Finally, we also identified several novel anticonvulsant compounds and drug candidates with antiseizure activity in these zebrafish DS models.
Optimal Transportation Problem by Stochastic Optimal Control

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We solve optimal transportation problem using stochastic optimal control theory. Indeed, for a super linear cost at most quadratic at infinity, we prove Kantorovich duality theorem by a zero noise limit (or vanishing viscosity) argument.. We also obtain a characterization of the support of an optimal measure in Monge-Kantorovich minimization problem (MKP) as a graph. Our key tool is a duality result for a stochastic control problem which naturally extends (MKP).
Microstructure and rheological properties of polybutadienes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The viscosities, rubbery deformations, densities, and their dependence on temperature have been measured for several series of polybutadienes with molecular weights ranging from 5,000 to 400,000 and differing in proportions of cis and trans structures ( cis content from 40 to 95%). On the basis of the viscosity measurements the critical molecular weight M c has been determined, corresponding to a sharp change in the nature of the viscosity versus molecular weight dependence. Rubbery deformations are displayed pronouncedly in specimens with M > M c and are closely related to the appearance of non‐Newtonian flow. The value of M c depends on the relative content of cis and trans forms. When M > M c , the initial viscosity is a parameter sensitive to the microstructure of polybutadienes, so that with at a single molecular weight, depending on the ratio of cis and trans units, the viscosity may vary over a more than tenfold range. The glass transition temperature and activation energy of viscous flow rise regularly with increasing trans content in the polymer chain, these parameters becoming independent of the molecular weight for specimens with M > M c within a series of polybutadienes of equal microtacticity. Thermomechanical investigations of polybutadienes also made it possible to define more accurately the boundaries of the crystallization region and the dependence of the melting point on the microtacticity. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of modern ideas of polymer structure.
Two competing fragmentation processes in dimethoxybenzenes depending on their positional isomers: Elimination of CH3 and CHnO (n = 1–3) and formation of methoxycyclopentadienyl and protonated phenol ions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract All the metastable transitions observed above m / z 39 in the first field‐free region were compared for the three positional isomers of dimethoxybenzene. The observed isomer‐dependent fragmentation processes, in particular the formation and decomposition of the m / z 95 (C 6 H 7 O) + ion, are discussed in terms of two competing fragmentations [elimination of CH 3 and CH n O ( n = 1–3) and formation of methoxycyclopentadienyl and protonated phenol ions] and the relative energies of several isomers of the C 6 H 7 O + ion calculated with molecular orbital theory.
Relevance search in heterogeneous networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Conventional research on similarity search focuses on measuring the similarity between objects with the same type. However, in many real-world applications, we need to measure the relatedness between objects with different types. For example, in automatic expert profiling, people are interested in finding the most relevant objects to an expert, where the objects can be of various types, such as research areas, conferences and papers, etc. With the surge of study on heterogeneous networks, the relatedness measure on objects with different types becomes increasingly important. In this paper, we study the relevance search problem in heterogeneous networks, where the task is to measure the relatedness of heterogeneous objects (including objects with the same type or different types). We propose a novel measure, called HeteSim, with the following attributes: (1) a path-constrained measure: the relatedness of object pairs are defined based on the search path that connect two objects through following a sequence of node types; (2) a uniform measure: it can measure the relatedness of objects with the same or different types in a uniform framework; (3) a semi-metric measure: HeteSim has some good properties (e.g., self-maximum and symmetric), that are crucial to many tasks. Empirical studies show that HeteSim can effectively evaluate the relatedness of heterogeneous objects. Moreover, in the query and clustering tasks, it can achieve better performances than conventional measures.
2-D DIGE Analysis of Liver and Red Blood Cells Provides Further\nEvidence for Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The molecular disease mechanisms associated with schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Although\nprimarily considered a disorder of the brain, there is evidence of a peripheral component to\nschizophrenia. In this study, we investigated liver tissue and red blood cells (RBC) from schizophrenia\npatients and controls using 2-D DIGE proteomic analysis. Fourteen proteins were significantly altered\nin liver samples from schizophrenia patients (<i>n</i> = 15) compared to healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 15). Analysis\nof the schizophrenia RBC proteome revealed 8 proteins significantly altered in samples from\nschizophrenia patients (13 antipsychotic-treated and 7 drug-naïve) compared to controls (<i>n</i> = 20). Six\nof the altered proteins in the liver and four of the altered RBC proteins are related to oxidative stress.\nThese results corroborate our earlier findings obtained from post-mortem brain studies and substantiate\nour hypothesis that metabolic alterations leading to oxidative stress are linked to the schizophrenia\ndisease process. Our results also suggest that at least some of the pathological processes associated\nwith the schizophrenia disease process can be traced in peripheral tissue. If peripheral cells can be\nused as a disease surrogate, promising new investigative avenues could be explored.\nKeywords: schizophrenia • oxidative stress • peripheral disease markers • proteomics
Structure constant of the Yang-Lee edge singularity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This presentation gives a review of the conformal field theory (CFT)for the Yang-Lee edge singularity of the 2D Ising model and describes a numerical test of that CFT's prediction of a universal amplitude. The review explains why the (A4, A1) minimal CFT was identified with the Yang-Lee edge singularity. The numerical test uses transfer matrix and finite-size scaling techniques to measure the structure constant at the Yang-Lee edge singularity and compares the measured value to the prediction from the (A4,A1) minimal CFT.
Epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and chondrocytes in mineralising cultures produce a low molecular mass angiogenic procollagenase activator.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have investigated one aspect of the biochemical control of angiogenesis in the mammalian growth plate. This is the first report of an angiogenic compound from normal growing skeletal tissue. The active agent was indistinguishable from ESAF (endothelial cell-stimulating angiogenic factor), previously identified from tumour, retina and synovial fluid. 1. Using a procollagenase activation assay, ESAF was detected in low molecular weight extracts of growth plate cartilage from two species (foetal calf and young rabbit). ESAF content declined with increasing age of the foetal calf growth plate cartilage. 2. Rabbit growth plate chondrocytes in high density culture also produced ESAF 24-48 h after calcification of the culture. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase in these cultures reduced the stimulation of ESAF production. These findings suggest that ESAF production occurs as a stage in chondrocyte differentiation which is linked with the onset of matrix calcification. A model is proposed for the control of angiogenesis in the growth plate.