jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cytokine Signaling During Macrophage Differentiation and Activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sytokiinit ovat elimistön liukoisia välittäjäaineita. Sytokiinit säätelevät solujen toimintaa, kuten kasvua, erilaistumista ja solukuolemaa, solujen pinnalla ilmennettävien reseptoreiden kautta. Reseptoreiden aktivaatio johtaa muutoksiin solunsisäisten signalointireittien toiminnassa, joka puolestaan johtaa muutoksiin geenien ilmentymisessä.\n\nMakrofagit ovat tärkeitä, immuunivastetta sääteleviä soluja. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin tarkemmin makrofagien erilaistumisen ja aktivaation vaikutuksia solunsisäisten signalointireittien säätelyyn. Interleukiini-3 (IL-3) on tärkeä kasvutekijä makrofagien kypsymättömille esiasteille. IL-3 aktivoi solunsisäisen JAK tyrosiinkinaasiperheen jäseniä, ja nämä puolestaan aktivoivat geeniluentaan vaikuttavia STAT transkriptiotekijöitä. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että IL-3 välitteinen signalointi sammutetaan osittain makrofagien erilaistumisen aikana. Mekanismin osoitettiin johtuvan erään seriini/treoniinikinaasi-perheen jäsenen - Proteiini kinaasi C:n (PKC) ­ aktivoitumisesta farmakologisesti aiheutetun makrofagierilaistumisen aikana.\n\nJatkotyössä tutkittiin tarkemmin erilaistumisen aiheuttamaa signalointia makrofagien esiasteissa. Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) on kasvutekijä joka aiheuttaa makrofagierilaistumista ja jonka on osoitettu aktivoivan PKC perhettä, mutta aiemmin ei ole tutkittu mitä PKC perheen jäseniä M-CSF aktivoi. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin että M-CSF aktivoi nopeasti PKC-δ isoformin PKC perheestä. Lisäksi osoitettiin, että PKC-δ aktivaatio johtaa hiirisolumallissa uuden vähän tunnetun geenin (Pkare) ilmentymisen lisääntymiseen. Pkare:n vastingeenin ihmisessä (PRKX) on aiemmin osoitettu olevan tärkeä tekijä makrofagien erilaistumisessa.\n\nTärkeä makrofagien aktivoitumista säätelevä tekijä on Interferoni-gamma (IFN-γ). IFN-γ reseptori aktivoi solunsisäisesti JAK1 ja JAK2 tyrosiinkinaasit ja nämä puolestaan aktivoivat STAT1 transkriptiotekijän. Toinen makrofagiaktiivisuutta lisäävä tekijä ovat B-solujen erittämät immunoglobuliinit (Ig), joilla on oma reseptori makrofagien pinnalla. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että immunoglobuliiniresptori aiheutti PKC-δ kinaasin aktivaation ja IFN-γ signaloinnin eston. PKC-δ:n tärkeää roolia IFN-γ signaloinnin säätelyssä tuki havainto, että mikäli PKC-δ kinaasi puuttui soluista kokonaan, IFN-γ signalointi oli jonkin verran vahvistunut.\n\nUbikitinisaatio on mekanismi, joissa soluihin liitetään ubi-proteiineja, ikään kuin osoitelapuiksi, jotka ohjaavat proteiinin solunsisäiseen hajotukseen. Sekä IL-3:n että IFN-γ:n osoitettiin ubikitinisoivan Jak2 kinaasia, ubikitinisaation toimiessa näiden signaalinvälitysreittien negatiivisena säätelijänä.\n\nSytokiinien negatiivisen säätelyn tunteminen on tärkeää, jotta mahdollisiin säätelyvirheisiin voitaisiin terapeuttisesti puuttua. Tutkimuksessa on kuvattu erilaisia IL-3 ja IFN-γ signaloinnin toimintaa estäviä solunsisäisiä mekanismeja, jotka tuovat toimintamahdollisuuksia tulevaisuuden lääkekehitystyölle.
Figure 5 from: Nuzhna A, Varga O (2015) A review of the Anomaloninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6890. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6890

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 5 - Agrypon scutellatum (Hellén, 1926), female, ventral view of fore coxae.
Does Arterial Line Filtration Affect the Bypass Related Cerebral Impairment Observed in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Abstract| December 01 1988 Does Arterial Line Filtration Affect the Bypass Related Cerebral Impairment Observed in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery? WB Pugsley; WB Pugsley 1The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L Klinger; L Klinger 1The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C Paschalis; C Paschalis 1The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S Newman; S Newman 1The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M Harrison; M Harrison 1The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T Treasure T Treasure 1The Middlesex Hospital, London W1, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1988) 75 (s19): 30P–31P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs075030Pc Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation WB Pugsley, L Klinger, C Paschalis, S Newman, M Harrison, T Treasure; Does Arterial Line Filtration Affect the Bypass Related Cerebral Impairment Observed in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery?. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 1988; 75 (s19): 30P–31P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs075030Pc Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Psychiatric Disorders in Treatment-Entering Cocaine Abusers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a sample of 298 cocaine users, rates of psychiatric disorders were determined using Research Diagnostic Criteria. Overall, 55.7% met current and 73.5% met lifetime criteria for a psychiatric disorder other than a substance use disorder including major depression (30.5%), minor bipolar conditions (e.g., hypomania), anxiety disorders (20.8%), antisocial personality (32.9%), and childhood attention deficit disorder (34.9%). Affective disorders and alcoholism usually followed the onset of drug use, while anxiety disorders, antisocial personality, and attention deficit disorder preceded drug use.
Advance in nociception mediated by acid sensing ion channels

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Tissue acidosis is a common pathological feature of many painful conditions including inflammation,ischemia and bone destruction.Acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are excitatory cation channels directly activated by extracellular protons that are expressed in the nervous system,and mediate nociception indcued by tissue acidosis.Objective It will provide a new approach to take ASICs for pain treatment targets.Content The studies of ASICs in mediating nociception associated with tissue acidosis is reviewed.Trend Recent studies show that ASICs play a key role in mediating nociception associated with tissue acidosis,and it will provide a novel approach for development new analgesic drugs and pain treatment targeted ASICs.

Key words:
Acid sensing ion channels; Nociception; Tissue acidosis
UNITRON INSTRUMENT COMPANY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUNITRON INSTRUMENT COMPANYCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 12, 49APublication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online23 May 2012Published inissue 1 October 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60281a741RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (443 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hand Preference

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The development of 199 children was studied at regular intervals from birth to 7.5 years. On each occasion hand preference was recorded. Their preferred hand was evident in 89.4% right and 85.7% left-handers by 4 years. Analyses on 242 children seen at birth and 7.5 years showed no associations between left-handedness and nine factors representing different aspects of "birth stress." For 12 of 15 aspects of ability at 7.5 years left-handed children had slightly higher scores than right-handers. Pathological factors do not seem to feature in the provenance or consequences of left-handedness in a normal healthy population.
Elastic Behavior of Woven Fabric Composites: I—Lamina Analysis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional models are presented for the elastic analysis of a plain weave fabric lamina. These models take into account the actual fabric structure by consid ering the fiber undulation and continuity along both the warp and weft directions, possible presence of gap between adjacent yarns, actual cross-sectional geometry of the yarn and possible unbalanced nature of the plain weave fabric. Typical studies on the effect of fiber undulation and lamina thickness on the in-plane elastic constants are presented. A large discrepancy, similar to that reported in literature, is found between the predicted elastic moduli of plain weave fabric lamina by ID WF models and experimental results. On the other hand, the predictions of 2D WF models are fairly good since the two-dimensional extent of the fabric is considered in these models.
Purification, Characterization and Immunological Properties of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Pasteurella haemolytica Serotype T15: Its Identity with the K62 (K2ab) Capsular Polysaccharide of Escherichia coli and the Capsular Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup H

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Capsular polysaccharide from two strains of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype T15 was purified and characterized by chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The polymer, a teichoic acid, proved to be very similar in structure to the capsular polysaccharide of P. haemolytica serotype T4 and identical to the previously described K62 (K2ab) capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli, and the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serotype H, i.e. ----(2-glycerol-3)----(phosphate)----(4-alpha-D-galactopyranose -1)---- with partial O-acetylation on the galactose residues. Electron microscopy with Protein A-gold labelled antisera showed that the polysaccharide was peripherally located on the surface of all three organisms. Chemical removal of O-acetyl groups from the polysaccharide yielded a structure identical to that previously described for E. coli K2 (K2a). Both O-acetylated and de-O-acetylated P. haemolytica T15 polymers, when absorbed on to sheep erythrocytes in passive haemagglutination assays, yielded identical antibody titres with sera raised against P. haemolytica T15, E. coli K2 or N. meningitidis H whole cells. De-O-acetylation of the Pasteurella polysaccharide influenced its precipitability with immune sera, but this could not be related to the absence of O-acetyl groups because the non-acetylated E. coli K2 polymer readily precipitated with a line of 'identity' with the acetylated P. haemolytica T15 polymer.
Boundary control of unsteady natural convective slip flow in reactive viscous fluids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We consider the optimal control of unsteady natural convective flow of reactive viscous fluid with heat transfer. It is assumed that Newton's law governs the heat transfer within an exothermic reaction under Arrhenius kinetics and Navier slip condition on the lower surface of the channel. The flow is examined in a vertical channel formed by two infinite vertical parallel plates, with a distance (H) between them. Time-dependent natural convective slip flow of reactive viscous fluid and heat transfer equations are solved in a unit interval using the Galerkin-Finite Element Method (FEM) with quadratic finite elements in space and the implicit Euler method in time. The direct solutions are obtained for testing various values of the problem parameters: the Biot number, the Frank Kamenetskii parameter, the Navier slip parameter, and the computation of the skin friction and the Nusselt number $(Nu)$. The optimal control problem is designed for the momentum and energy equations to derive the fluid-prescribed velocity and temperature profiles by defining controls on the boundary of the domain in two ways: (a) controls are formulated as parameters in the boundary conditions, such as slip length and Biot number; (b) controls are assigned as time-dependent functions in the boundary conditions, representing the slip velocity and the heat transfer rate. Following a discretize-then-optimize approach to the control problem, optimization is performed by the SLSQP (Sequential Least Squares Programming) algorithm, a subroutine of SciPy. Numerically simulated results show that the proposed approach successfully drives the flow to prescribed velocity and temperature profiles.
Child‐Adolescent Teasing Scale: psychometric properties of the Turkish version

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background The tools to measure teasing are not available in Turkish literature. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and performance of a Turkish version of the Child‐Adolescent Teasing Scale (CATS) among a sample of Turkish children. Methods Four hundred middle school (grades 5‐6‐7‐8) students comprised the sample. CATS is composed of four subfactors and 32 items. Language equivalence and content validity were assessed by five experts. Psychometric testing included internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item‐total correlations), test–retest reliability, construct validity (principal component analysis via oblique rotation and confirmatory factor analysis), and variability (floor and ceiling effects). Results Of the participants, 52.5% were female. Their mean age was 12.54 ± 1.11. Language equivalence and content validity were assessed by five experts. The Content Validity Index of the scale was .87. The correlation coefficient ranged between .34 and .70. Cronbach's alpha was .92 for the total scale. The test–retest correlation value was r = .87. The scale confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had a four‐factor structure. These four factors explained 55.51% of the total variance. The reliability coefficient of the relationship between each subscale in relation to the total scores of the scale ranged from .56 to .93 . Conclusions In conclusion, the Turkish version of the CATS which has good psychometric properties similar to those of the original English version is a valid and reliable tool. While the original scale has 32 items, the Turkish version of the CATS has four factors and 23 items. It can be used to assess teasing in children and adolescents.
Library Profile: Lora Lashbrook and Marie Lawrence; Notre Dame’s First Female Law Library Directors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lora Lashbrook was appointed by Dean Clarence Manion as the second law librarian at Notre Dame Law School. She also served as a legal research instructor, registrar, and secretary to both the dean and the faculty. Marie K. Lawrence became the third law librarian, coming to the Law School from the University Libraries.
Antenna-Specific TabsOBP45 and TabsOBP46 Mediate Plant Volatile Recognition in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of Solanaceae crops worldwide. Its olfactory system plays an important role in locating mating partners and recognizing host plants. Understanding its olfactory recognition mechanism, particularly the function of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), may reveal potential targets for pest management. In this study, we characterized two antenna-specific OBPs, TabsOBP45 and TabsOBP46, which were identified from the T. absoluta genome. Sequence analysis revealed that both TabsOBPs belong to the classic OBP subfamily, which is characterized by the presence of six conserved cysteine residues and an N-terminal signal peptide. Both TabsOBPs showed predominant antennal expression in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays, suggesting their key roles in olfactory perception. Fluorescence competitive binding assays with a total of 63 tested volatiles revealed that 13 compounds exhibited strong binding affinities (Ki < 22 µM) to TabsOBP45, with the highest binding affinity to β-ionone, β-caryophyllene, terpinolene, and cinnamaldehyde. Nine compounds showed strong binding affinities to TabsOBP46, with the strongest binding to 4-anisaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and β-ionone. Molecular docking analysis revealed the key residues involved in β-ionone binding: TabsOBP45 interacted with ILE8, ALA9, PHE12, TRP37, ILE92, PHE94, THR115, and PHE118, while TabsOBP46 interacted with ILE8, PHE12, PHE36, TRP37, ILE92, LEU94, PHE118, and VAL134. These results provide new insights into the olfactory mechanism of T. absoluta and potential molecular targets for the development of olfactory-based pest control strategies.
Obesity-metabolic derangement exacerbates cardiomyocyte loss distal to moderate coronary artery stenosis in pigs without affecting global cardiac function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity associated with metabolic derangements (ObM) worsens the prognosis of patients with coronary artery stenosis (CAS), but the underlying cardiac pathophysiologic mechanisms remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that ObM exacerbates cardiomyocyte loss distal to moderate CAS. Obesity-prone pigs were randomized to four groups ( n = 6 each): lean-sham, ObM-sham, lean-CAS, and ObM-CAS. Lean and ObM pigs were maintained on a 12-wk standard or atherogenic diet, respectively, and left circumflex CAS was then induced by placing local-irritant coils. Cardiac structure, function, and myocardial oxygenation were assessed 4 wk later by computed-tomography and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI, the microcirculation with micro-computed-tomography, and injury mechanisms by immunoblotting and histology. ObM pigs showed obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The degree of CAS (range, 50–70%) was similar in lean and ObM pigs, and resting myocardial perfusion and global cardiac function remained unchanged. Increased angiogenesis distal to the moderate CAS observed in lean was attenuated in ObM pigs, which also showed microvascular dysfunction and increased inflammation (M1-macrophages, TNF-α expression), oxidative stress (gp91), hypoxia (BOLD-MRI), and fibrosis (Sirius-red and trichrome). Furthermore, lean-CAS showed increased myocardial autophagy, which was blunted in ObM pigs (downregulated expression of unc-51-like kinase-1 and autophagy-related gene-12; P < 0.05 vs. lean CAS) and associated with marked apoptosis. The interaction diet xstenosis synergistically inhibited angiogenic, autophagic, and fibrogenic activities. ObM exacerbates structural and functional myocardial injury distal to moderate CAS with preserved myocardial perfusion, possibly due to impaired cardiomyocyte turnover.
Cobalt-catalysed reductive C–H alkylation of indoles using carboxylic acids and molecular hydrogen

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first direct CH-alkylation of indoles using carboxylic acids and hydrogen is presented. A non-noble metal based catalytic system, [Co(acac)3/Triphos/Al(OTf)3], efficiently catalyses the alkylation of a variety of indoles with a wide range of carboxylic acids.
A more productive, but different, ocean after mitigation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reversibility studies suggest a lagged recovery of global mean sea surface temperatures after mitigation, raising the question of whether a similar lag is likely for marine net primary production (NPP). Here we assess NPP reversibility with a mitigation scenario in which projected Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 forcings are applied out to 2100 and then reversed over the course of the following century in a fully coupled carbon‐climate Earth System Model. In contrast to the temperature lag, we find a rapid increase in global mean NPP, including an overshoot to values above contemporary means. The enhanced NPP arises from a transient imbalance between the cooling surface ocean and continued warming in subsurface waters, which weakens upper ocean density gradients, resulting in deeper mixing and enhanced surface nitrate. We also find a marine ecosystem regime shift as persistent silicate depletion results in increased prevalence of large, non‐diatom phytoplankton.
From the structure of experience to concepts of structure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The pervasive presence of relational information in concepts, and its indirect presence in sensory input, raises the question of how it is extracted from experience. We operationalized experience as a stream of events in which reliable predictive relationships exist among random ones, and in which learners are naïve as to what they will learn (i.e., a statistical learning paradigm). First, we asked whether predictive event pairs would spontaneously be seen causing each other, given no instructions to evaluate causality. We found that predictive information indeed informed later causal judgments, but did not lead to a spontaneous sense of causality. Thus, event contingencies are relevant to causal inference, but such interpretations may not occur fully bottom-up. A second question was how such experience might be used to learn about novel objects. Because events occurred either around or involving a continually present object, we were able to distinguish objects from events. We found that objects can be attributed causal properties by virtue of a higher-order structure, in which the object’s identity is linked not to the increased likelihood of its effect, but rather, to the predictive structure among events, given its presence. This is an important demonstration that objects’ causal properties can be highly abstract: they need not refer to an occurrence of a sensory event per se, or its link to an object, but rather, to whether or not a predictive relationship holds among events in its presence. These learning mechanisms may be important for acquiring abstract knowledge from experience.