jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE MAGNETIC STORM RESULTED FROM THE INTERPLANETARY SHOCK OF FEBRUARY 21, 1994

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On February 21, 1994, at 0903 UT a strong interplanetary shock crossed the Geotail spacecraft while it is at (x, y, Z)GSE = (-26.9,60.8, -2.3) Re. The shock hasalso been observed or detected its effect by other satellites such as Imp-8, Goes-6, Goes-7 and Lanl successively. This shock resulted in magnetic index Dst dropped down to lower than -100nT and AE shows an explicit increase. At the same time the geomagnetic field fluctuated intensively, the flux increased of various energetic particles at geosynchronous orbit. These means there are notable energy coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. Gonzalez et al. pointed out the IMF Bz component should be lower than -10 nT and its duration longer than 3 hours for a strong magnetic storm, of which, Dst index lower than -100 nT, but the character of the shock studied in this paper is that there have no long duration of IMF southward Bz event but only large amplitude fluctuation northward and southward in the downstream of the shock, furthermore the enhanced value and average value for the - Bz is lower than that for the +BZ. If we think that the energy transfer from the solar wind into the magnetosphere take place only during IMF Bz component is negative, then this means the rate of energy transferred into ring current is far quicker than the dissipation of the ring current. This result shows that the duration time of southward IMF is not the essential condition for energy transfer from solar wind into the magnetosphere, if the southward IMF has large amplitude and short time-duration, but repeated many times there may be accumulated notable energy in the ring current owing to the rate of ring current dissipation is very slow relative to the rate of energy pouring into the ring current. In addition, for above result we have analyzed the power spectrum property of the magnetic field, it is shown that the disturbance magnetic energy enhanced near five times after the disturbance field crosses the bow shock and the magnetopause. Nakada et al. pointed out that disturbance field in magnetosphere which frequency is in some band would destroy the third adiabatic invariant for some particles but maintain the first and second invariants of them, these particles will spread inward and get energy in this process. The spectrum analysis in this paper shows that the Bz component of the disturbance field in magnetosphere is absorbed notably near 1 × 10-4 Hz, we inferred that this low frequency field may be a reason which resulted in the ring current particles (such as oxygen ion, proton and so on) diffused inward and enhanced their energy, this process have been reported by Fu et al. by means of CRRES/MICS in 2001.
Figs 66–77. 66–72 in Braconidae (Hymenoptera) From Korea Xxii. Subfamily Alysiinae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figs 66–77. 66–72. Antrusa bispinula sp. n.: 66 = head in dorsal view, 67 = mandible, 68 = two spinules of metanotum and fore margin of propodeum (see arrows), 69 = hind femur, 70 = distal part of right fore wing with m–cu (?), 71 = subbasal cell of right hind wing, 72 = tergites 1–3 with indication of the sculpture of first tergite. – 73–77. Antrusa interstitialis (THOMSON): 73 = head in dorsal view, 74 = metanotum and fore margin of propodeum in lateral view, 75 = tergites 1–3 with indication of the sculpture of first and second tergites, 76 = mandible, 77 = hind femur with indication of its sculpture
Neocortex Network Activation and Deactivation States Controlled by the Thalamus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neocortex network activity varies from a desynchronized or activated state typical of arousal to a synchronized or deactivated state typical of quiescence. Such changes are usually attributed to the effects of neuromodulators released in the neocortex by nonspecific activating systems originating in basal forebrain and brain stem reticular formation. As a result, the only role attributed to thalamocortical cells projecting to primary sensory areas, such as barrel cortex, is to transmit sensory information. However, thalamocortical cells can undergo significant changes in spontaneous tonic firing as a function of state, although the role of such variations is unknown. Here we show that the tonic firing level of thalamocortical cells, produced by cholinergic and noradrenergic stimulation of the somatosensory thalamus in urethane-anesthetized rats, controls neocortex activation and deactivation. Thus in addition to its well-known role in the relay of sensory information, the thalamus can control the state of neocortex activation, which may complement the established roles in this regard of basal forebrain and brain stem nuclei. Because of the topographical organization of primary thalamocortical pathways, this mechanism provides a means by which area-specific neocortical activation can occur, which may be useful for modality-specific sensory processing or selective attention.
The Chinese State Strikes Back

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses how the Chinese state has strategically responded to a rising contentious public sphere in China. Throughout, the chapter highlights the novelty and significance of these developments. The emergence of a contentious public sphere in China is a remarkable event—one that warrants further investigation precisely because its future remains so unclear. The chapter focuses on the Xi Jinping's leadership techniques and their consequences. It also compares the rationalities of rule underpinning his and the previous administration as it helps to make sense of why the Xi regime has been so aggressive in its attempt to curb the contentious public sphere.
Pharmaceutical service for the patient with renal insufficiency

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the pharmaceutical service for a patient with renal insufficiency.Meth- ods:The pharmaceutical care was given to the patient with renal insufficiency and the drug treatment was moni- tored.The service was summarized and analyzed.Results:The clinical pharmacist provided service in selecting hypoglycemic agents and adjusting dosage of antibiotics for the patient and the service produced a good theraputic effect.Conclusion:Dosage regimen trends to be more reasonable if clinical pharmacists coordinate with doctors and take part in clinical treatment.
Why the Orange Revolution Succeeded

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The success of the Ukrainian Orange Revolution, that led to a re‐run of a fraudulent presidential election, is related to a unique coincidence of factors that prevented a violent oppression of the demonstrations. The popular revolt was the motive force behind the revolution, but also defections in the security forces and foreign interference were very important for its success. It was not political parties that constituted the core of the anti‐regime forces. Decisive was the support of an important part of the business and political elite for the opposition. The fact that anti‐regime forces united just before the presidential elections proved to be critical. The hardening of authoritarian rule under President Kuchma occurred after the opposition had already become too powerful to be dissipated by harassment. The Orange Revolution tried to enforce its demands in the framework of the law. The fact that the constitutional court and parliament still had some autonomy proved to be crucial. The Orange Revolution was mainly based in Western and Central Ukraine and revealed a deep cultural‐political divide in Ukraine. The Orange Revolution gives a unique opportunity to create a culture of democracy and to establish the rule of law.
Itinéraires de la dégradation des terres de savanes soudano-guinéennes à très faible densité de population, l'exemple de la République Centrafricaine jRCA)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Process of soil degradation in the Sudanese-Guinean savannas with low population density ; a case study of the Central African Republic. Most of Central Africa is occupied with Soudano-Guinean savannas and presents one of the lowest population density among those tropical South-Sahara Africa regions. The soil degradation phenomenon caused by traditional cropping and transhumant livestock is however evident despite the low occupation ration of soils. The author analyses the process of this degradation of production area recalling successive circumstances that have induced this agricultural people from primitive cropping system to infertilization of soils and that couple with the progressive movement of nomadic Mbororo breeders toward the southernmost savannas of this country. It seems that the solutions to the technical problems of reestablishment of soil fertility must undergo a radical change in cropping systems going to sedentary life and fertilization by way of the association cropping-livestock production and in a realistic method of grazing management. These changes have to go also with a radical change in relation between rural community and administrative services and a more willing participation from rural population.
Lipoma of the Tendon Sheath in the Fourth Extensor Compartment of the Hand.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipoma of an extensor tendon compartment is an exceedingly rare tumor of the hand. Although benign, it can often cause localized pain and finger stiffness, necessitating surgical excision. We report a case of a lipoma of the tendon sheath in the fourth dorsal compartment of the hand that was successfully treated with surgical excision.
What can we learn from the vaginal mesh story?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of vaginal mesh in prolapse surgery has created enormous controversy and unprecedented media interest; it has become the most emotive topic in urogynecology today. The US Food and Drug Administration 510(k) system allowed the proliferation of mesh products which were rapidly adopted by surgeons internationally. The importance of a firm understanding of the biomechanical properties of tissue and implants, surgical skill, patient selection, communication skills, informed consent, and high-quality research are all important lessons we can learn from the mesh story. These lessons need to be applied to all novel treatments in the field of urogynecology and beyond.
Inhibitory effects of interferon‐β on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 via Akt/STAT phosphorylation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Conventional chemotherapy fails to cure metastatic hepatoma mainly due to its high hepatotoxicity. Currently, doxorubicin is the most widely used drug against liver cancer either as single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin. It is limited due to their severe toxicity on normal hepatocytes. Therefore, alternative therapeutic agents without or with low hepatotoxicity are highly desirable. Interferons are a family of cytokines that potently demonstrate antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activities. It also exerts direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity of interferon‐β on H ep G 2 cells. We revealed the presence of binding receptor of interferon‐β in H ep G 2 cells. The dose‐dependent inhibition on cell proliferation was observed. We demonstrated that IFN ‐β exhibited significant cytotoxicity in H ep G 2 cells mainly through phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 2. The activation of A kt was suppressed. The stimulation of pro‐apoptotic protein expression of B ax, inhibition of anti‐apoptotic protein expression of B cl‐2, activation of cleaved caspases 9 and 3 was found at increasing concentrations. In conclusion, our results suggest that interferon‐β has potential to inhibit cell proliferation dose dependently. Increased concentrations of interferon‐β influenced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway through inhibition of p‐ A kt.
Role of area postrema in control of torpor in Siberian hamsters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Siberian hamsters undergo torpor during the short days of winter and in response to glucoprivation or food restriction. We tested whether the area postrema and the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (hereafter the AP), which monitor metabolic fuel availability, also control the onset of torpor. Siberian hamsters that had manifested torpor spontaneously or had entered torpor in response to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) treatment were subjected to area postrema ablations (APx). Hamsters continued to display torpor postoperatively; most features of torpor were unaffected by APx. The AP is not necessary for expression of torpor elicited by short day lengths or metabolic challenge. In contrast, decreases in food intake manifested by hamsters treated with 2-DG were counteracted by APx. In Siberian hamsters, the AP appears to mediate effects of 2-DG on food intake but not torpor.
Incidence and Predictors of Residual Disease in Women with High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) and Positive Margins after Cervical Loop Electrosurgical Excision

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

อบตการณและปจจยทำนายถงการมรอยโรคหลงเหลอในสตรทพบรอยโรคภายในเยอบผวปากมดลกขนสงและมรอยโรคทขอบของชนเนอภายหลงการตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟา
ชลตา กงเนตร
กลมงานสต-นรเวชกรรม โรงพยาบาลลำพน จงหวดลำพน 51000
หลกการและวตถประสงค: สตรทไดรบการตดปากมดลกแลวยงพบรอยโรคชนด high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) ทขอบของชนเนอ มความเสยงตอการหลงเหลอหรอกลบเปนซำของรอยโรคหากไมไดรบการรกษา การศกษานจงมวตถประสงคเพอศกษาปจจยทำนายถงการมรอยโรคหลงเหลอในสตรทไดรบการตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟาและพบรอยโรคชนด HSIL ทขอบของชนเนอ
วธการศกษา: เปนการศกษาแบบยอนหลง (retrospective cohort study) ในสตรทมารบการรกษาท โรงพยาบาลลำพน ทพบรอยโรคชนด HSIL และมรอยโรคทขอบของชนเนอภายหลงการตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟา ตงแตเดอนมกราคม พ.ศ. 2557 ถงมนาคม พ.ศ. 2563 ทำการวเคราะหขอมลโดยใชสถตเชงพรรณนา univariate และ multivariate logistic regression
ผลการศกษา: ในสตรทงหมด 113 ราย พบรอยโรคหลงเหลอ 56 ราย (รอยละ 49.5) ปจจยทสามารถทำนายถงการมรอยโรคหลงเหลอทปากมดลกอยางมนยสำคญทางสถต ไดแก อายสตรมากกวาหรอเทากบ 35 ป (AOR = 10.8; 95%CI 1.1-109.8, p = 0.045) และรอยโรคกอนตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟาทมขนาดกวาง 3-4 quadrants (AOR = 9.5; 95%CI 3.4-26.2, p <0.001)
สรป: อายสตรมากกวาหรอเทากบ 35 ป และรอยโรคกอนตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟาทมขนาดกวาง เปนปจจยทำนายถงการมรอยโรคหลงเหลอในสตรทพบรอยโรคชนด HSIL และมรอยโรคทขอบของชนเนอภายหลงการตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟา
คำสำคญ: รอยโรคภายในเยอบผวปากมดลกขนสง; รอยโรคทขอบของชนเนอ; การตดปากมดลกดวยหวงไฟฟา; ปจจยทำนาย; รอยโรคหลงเหลอ
Abstract
Background and Objective: Women who have high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and positive margins after an initial cervical loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) carry a risk of invasive cervical carcinoma if left untreated. This study aimed to find factors predicting residual disease in women with histologic HSIL and positive margins after LEEP.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was undertaken among women with histologic HSIL who had positive surgical margins following LEEP at Lamphun Hospital between January 2014 and March 2020. Factors predicting residual lesion were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: One hundred and thirteen women were included, residual disease was found in 56 women (49.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that only age >35 years (AOR = 10.8; 95%CI 1.1-109.8, p = 0.045) and a large lesion on LEEP specimen (3-4 quadrants) (AOR = 9.5; 95%CI 3.4-26.2, p <0.001) were significantly independent factors associated with residual disease.
Conclusions: Age >35 years and large lesion are the significant independent predictors for residual disease in women who had HSIL with positive margins after LEEP.
Keywords: HSIL; LEEP; positive margin; predictor; residual disease
Assessment with MR Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), or dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, is a rare hamartomatous lesion of the cerebellar cortex which may be associated with Cowden\'s syndrome and the PTEN germline mutation. In this report, we describe a case of pathology proven LDD. The clinical presentation, radiological features and histopathologic findings are described, and the relevant literature is reviewed. Axial T1-weighted MR image; the mass lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere was predominantly hypointense and had typical prominent iso-hypointense striations on T1-weighted images.
Corresponding author
Zhang Wei
Department of Radiology
Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital
Fudan University
Shanghai
China
Predicting users’ demographic characteristics in a Chinese social media network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Based on user-generated content from a Chinese social media platform, this paper aims to investigate multiple methods of constructing user profiles and their effectiveness in predicting their gender, age and geographic location. Design/methodology/approach This investigation collected 331,634 posts from 4,440 users of Sina Weibo. The data were divided into two parts, for training and testing . First, a vector space model and topic models were applied to construct user profiles. A classification model was then learned by a support vector machine according to the training data set. Finally, we used the classification model to predict users’ gender, age and geographic location in the testing data set. Findings The results revealed that in constructing user profiles, latent semantic analysis performed better on the task of predicting gender and age. By contrast, the method based on a traditional vector space model worked better in making predictions regarding the geographic location. In the process of applying a topic model to construct user profiles, the authors found that different prediction tasks should use different numbers of topics. Originality/value This study explores different user profile construction methods to predict Chinese social media network users’ gender, age and geographic location. The results of this paper will help to improve the quality of personal information gathered from social media platforms, and thereby improve personalized recommendation systems and personalized marketing.
Approximate Analytical Model for a First Level Package With Non-Uniformly Powered Die

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microprocessors continue to grow in capabilities, complexity and performance. Microprocessors typically integrate functional components such as logic and level two (L2) cache memory in their architecture. This functional integration of logic and memory results in improved performance of the microprocessor as the clock speed increases and the instruction execution time has decreased. However, the integration also introduces a layer of complexity to the thermal design and management of microprocessors. As a direct result of function integration, the power map on a microprocessor is typically highly non-uniform and the assumption of a uniform heat flux across the chip surface is not valid. The active side of the die is divided into several functional blocks with distinct power assigned to each functional block. Previous work [1,2] has been done to minimize the thermal resistance of the package by optimizing the distribution of the non-uniform powered functional blocks with different power matrices. This study further gives design guideline and key pointers to minimized thermal resistance for any number of functional blocks for a given non-uniformly powered microprocessor. In this paper, initially (Part I) temperature distribution of a typical package consisting of a uniformly powered die, heat spreader, TIM 1 & 2 and the base of the heat sink is calculated using an approximate analytical model. The results are then compared with a detailed numerical model and the agreement is within 5%. This study follows (Part II) with a thermal investigation of non-uniform powered functional blocks with a different power matrices with focus on distribution of power over die surface with an application of maximum, minimum and average uniform junction temperature over a given die area. This will help to predict the trend of the calculated distribution of power that will lead to the least thermal gradient over a given die area. This trend will further help to come up with design correlations for minimizing thermal resistance for any number of functional blocks for a given non-uniformly powered microprocessor numerically as well as analytically. The commercial finite element code ANSYS® is used for this analysis as a numerical tool.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Nitrophorins and Paramagnetic Model Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The majority of the work in this dissertation describes the characterization of the nitrophorins (NPs) by NMR spectroscopy.NP7 was studied and compared to NP2 and relevant mutants.NP7 is shown to have three additional amino acids at the N-terminus, which contribute significantly to the protein fold stability and maintenance of NP7 function. The paramagnetic form of the protein has large 1H NMR chemical shifts and broad signals due to protein aggregation. The 1H NMR and CD spectroscopy both revealed that NP7 has mainly the A heme orientation, and the mutation of Glu27 to Val27 leads to an A:B ratio change, from mainly B to mainly or almost exclusively A.NMR investigation of the ferriheme resonances of the low-spin complexes of NP2 and mutant NP2(V24E) with imidazole (ImH), histamine (Hm) and cyanide (CN-) ligands as a function of pH has been completed. Strong chemical exchange cross peaks were observed in the NOESY/EXSY spectra at low pH (pH* 5.5 to 4.0) for the three wt NP2 complexes, which indicate an interchange between two ruffling distortions of the heme. A dramatic change of A:B ratios with pH was observed for the three NP2(V24E) ligand complexes. They both are believed to be a result of a change in protein structure near E53 when it is protonated at low pH.Homo-dimers of NP1 and NP4 were investigated. 1H{15N}-HSQC NMR experimental results revealed that holo-NP4 is a homo-dimer at low pH and a mixture of dimer and monomer at high pH. In contrast, holo-NP4-Hm is monomeric at high pH (6.5 and 7.5). A H-bond between Asp30 and the Hm ligand is responsible for destabilization of the homo-dimer. NP1 was also shown to be a mixture of dimer and monomer at high pH.Heme d1 model complexes were studied. The high-spin form and low-spin forms of the Fe(III) complexes with 2-methylimidazole or imidazole, for monooxo-octaethylchlorin, trans-dioxo-octaethylisobacteriochlorin and 2,7-dioxo-octaethyliso- bacteriochlorin, were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Spin density maps that show the orbital used for spin delocalization have been generated from HÃ¼ckel calculations.Preliminary results of additional studies of the nitrophorins and future directions of study are presented.