jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nucleoside-nucleotide free diet protects rat colonic mucosa from damage induced by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that intestinal recovery from injury induced by radiation, endotoxin, and protein deficiency is improved by the ingestion of nucleosides and nucleotides. AIM: This study examined the effect of dietary nucleosides and nucleotides supplementation on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colonic damage in experimental colitis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into two groups and fed nucleic acid free 20% casein diet (control) or this diet supplemented with 0.5% nucleoside-nucleotide mixture for four weeks. On the second week, colonic inflammation was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol containing 25 mg of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Additionally, other sets of rats were treated with 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol, 25 mg of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in 0.25 ml saline, or 0.25 ml of 0.9% saline. RESULTS: After two weeks, colon weight, macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the nucleoside-nucleotide supplemented group compared with the non-supplemented control groups. The same variables seen in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-ethanol group fed nucleoside-nucleotide free diet were greater (p < 0.05) than in the rest of the groups fed nucleoside-nucleotide free diet and treated with ethanol, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in saline, or saline. Histologically, segmental ulceration and inflammation associated with significantly increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts were observed in the supplemented group compared with the controls. In the nucleoside-nucleotide supplemented group the epithelial damage, mucosal erosion, oedema, and coagulative necrosis of the muscularis propria was more extensive in comparison to the non-supplemented control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that dietary nucleosides and nucleotides may aggravate colonic damage and inflammation in chemically induced experimental colitis in rats; and that nucleoside-nucleotide free diet combined with other pharmacological agents may offer a better response.
Deubiquitinating enzymes stabilizing Snail1 transcription factor : a role for USP27X in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to dissociate from the primary tumor and to survive to chemotherapy. EMT is controlled by Snail1, a transcriptional factor also required for the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Snail1 is short-lived in normal epithelial cells as a consequence of the coordinated and continuous ubiquitination by several F-box specific E3 ligases. We have performed a siRNA screening to identify deubiquitinases (enzymes removing the ubiquitin chains conjugated to a substrate), increasing Snail1 stability and identified the Ubiquitin Specific Protease 27X (USP27X) as an enzyme that interacts with, deubiquitinates and stabilizes Snail1. We observed that USP27X modulate EMT features through the stabilization of Snail1, such as tumor cell invasion, cancer metastasis and chemo-resistance. In addition, USP27X is essential for the TGFβ-induced EMT and the activation of CAFs modulated by this cytokine. To summarize, we identified USP27X as a new modulator of Snail1 stabilization and its repression could prevent the metastatic and chemo-resistant proteins of the tumoral cells.
Antibody Recognition to the Hyperglucosylated Adhesin Protein HMW1ct of Non Typeable <i>Haemophilus Influenzae</i> in Rett Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopment disorder associated with the single monogenic mutation in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in up to 95% of cases. The growing number of genome-wide association studies and incomplete concordance for autoimmune diseases in monozygotic twins concur to support the involvement of environmental factors, like infectious agents or chemicals, in the breakdown of tolerance leading to autoimmunity. In fact, the coexistence of a perturbation of the immune system in RTT patients has been previously hypothesized. We herein explored the hypothesis that an autoimmune component derived from environmental bacterial infection of non typeable Haemophilus influenzae may coexist in RTT. At this purpose we screened sera from RTT syndrome patients, non-RTT pervasive developmental disorders patients and healthy controls with the hyperglucosylated adhesin protein HMW1ct(Glc) used as a precise antigen in ELISA in order to identify specific antibodies to N-glucosylation sites. Results showed that HMW1ct(Glc) is able to significantly discriminate antibodies among RTT sera and controls. Competitive ELISA confirmed the specific interaction between antibodies characteristic of RTT syndrome and the N-glucosylation motifs of the bacterial adhesin protein HMW1ct(Glc).
Efficiency of prefabricated biodigesters in the treatment of domestic wastewater in dispersed rural localities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In most developing nations, poor wastewater management continues to be a significant health and environmental concern. In this context, the research seeks to evaluate the efficiency of the biodigester treatment of domestic wastewater through monitoring and evaluation, based on physicochemical and bacterial parameters to reduce environmental pollution caused by excreta in the Chibaya Baja sector, Peru. Water sampling was done in the influent and effluent of the biodigester, taking samples periodically every 15 days, for 01 months, obtaining 03 samples for physicochemical and bacteriological analysis. According to the results obtained from the laboratory, the efficiency of the domestic wastewater treatment was 59.51% of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 49.16% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), in oils and fats 35.92%, in total suspended solids 52.78% and fecal coliforms (thermotolerant) 89.19%. A comparison of the parameters evaluated with the maximum permissible limits set by the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment reveals that the levels of BOD and COD exceed the limits. Therefore, this wastewater should not be discharged into water bodies.
Machine learning analysis of speech and eye tracking data to distinguish Alzheimer's clinic patients from healthy controls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Clinical trials of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are increasingly focused on recruiting individuals with preclinical or early‐stage disease. Artificial intelligence may help in enriching clinical trial populations with high‐risk individuals. We analyzed prospectively‐collected speech and eye‐tracking data to distinguish individuals with mild‐moderate AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective memory complaints (SMC) from age and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Method Individuals with known clinical diagnoses of AD, MCI, and SMC from a specialty clinic, and healthy controls from the community, were prospectively recruited. Participants described the “Cookie Theft Picture” from the Boston Aphasia Battery. Their speech was recorded and manually transcribed and eye movements were assessed using an infrared eye‐tracker. Data underwent feature extraction for language‐related features including lexical and acoustic parameters (from transcripts and speech), and fixation and saccades (from eye‐tracking). Additionally, for language and eye‐tracking, features capturing spatial neglect are explored following the approach in [1]. Separate predictive models were examined using logistic regression (LR), K‐Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and random forests (RF). Result Recruitment and analysis are ongoing. Data from 34 clinic patients (9% SMC, 35% MCI, 56% mild‐moderate AD, mean age 7310, 44% female) and 39 controls (mean age 6811, 79% female) is reported. Best speech‐based models distinguished patients from controls with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 79% (95% CI 0.70‐0.87). Eye‐tracking‐based models reached distinguished patients from controls with an AUC of 71% (95% CI 0.59‐0.82). Conclusion Machine‐learning mediated analysis of speech and eye‐tracking data achieved promising classification performance with the current cohort. Both increasing the size of the corpus with ongoing recruitment, and combining demographic and clinical data alongside multimodal feature fusion, may help to improve classification.
The Effects of Climate Change on Flood-Generating Mechanisms in the Assiniboine and Red River Basins

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v2]The Effects of Climate Change on Flood-Generating Mechanisms in the Assiniboine and Red River BasinsAuthorsFarshadJalili PiraniiDSoheilBakhtiariiDMohammad RezaNajafiiDRajesh R.ShresthaiDMaede SadatNouriSee all authors Farshad Jalili PiraniiDDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-8185view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressSoheil BakhtiariiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-6268view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMohammad Reza NajafiiDDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, CanadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1652-3135view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressRajesh R. ShresthaiDEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria, Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Victoria, BC, CanadaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-6495view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMaede Sadat NouriDepartment of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canadaview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Analysis of Mammoth Cave Pre-Park Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Before the creation of Mammoth Cave National Park, this area was home to numerous communities, each with a sense of identity. To prepare for the creation of the National Park, all residents living within these communities were relocated, and many of these communities were lost to the passage of time. Today, public memory of these lost communities is being fostered by the descendents of the pre-park area. Through the use of a Historical Geographic Information System, 1920 Edmonson County manuscript census data, and statistical analysis, the demographic composition of these lost communities was explored. This project not only brought to light a past that is not well known, but also built interest in sustaining public memory of the Mammoth Cave pre-park area through the use of historical GIS and public participation.
A one-pot, multicomponent tandem synthesis of fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2- c ]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3- c ]quinolinone hybrid heterocycles via environmentally benign solid state melt reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Structurally diverse fused polycyclic pyrrolo[3,2- c ]quinolinone/pyrrolizino[2,3- c ]quinolinone hybrids were synthesized to get excellent yields via a tandem multi-component reaction sequence employing an environmentally benign solid state melt reaction involving [3+2]-cycloaddition process followed by two consecutive annulation steps. Baylis–Hillman products, used as dipolarophiles, were synthesized from various substituted aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes in the presence of DABCO and methyl acrylate, while the 1,3-dipole component was derived in situ from indoline-2,3-dione and acyclic/cyclic amino acid viz N -methylgylcine/ l -proline. The structure of the unusual tandem products was unambiguously assigned by spectroscopic and XRD analysis. The products arose through the formation of three new rings, five new bonds, and three adjoining stereocenters with complete diastereomeric control.
Social work faculty attitudes towards diversity and oppression content in MSW curricula

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) has mandated teaching both multicultural diversity and oppression content since the first decade of the 21st century. Yet, little research examines social work faculty's attitudes toward the content they teach. A national online survey of faculty teaching in accredited MSW programs across the United States was conducted to investigate faculty's attitudes toward content related to diversity, oppression, and social and economic justice. This paper examines (a) faculty's attitudes toward diversity and oppression content, (b) faculty's perceived importance of content on social groups (e.g. different social classes) compared to content on oppression (e.g. classism), and (c) the factors that predict faculty's attitudes. Findings revealed that faculty are generally supportive of most diversity and oppression content, with some notable exceptions. However, results indicated that faculty perceive content on diversity as more important than its corresponding oppression content. Lastly, faculty who indicated that their school had more resources on diversity and oppression reported higher perceived importance of including this content in their courses. The current study reveals there can be a discrepancy between how faculty think about this content and the CSWE curriculum policy. Findings have implications for education, workshops and training for social work faculty.
Risk of Contractors’ Claims On the Example of Road Works

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the study is to analyse claims filed by building contractors during the project implementation. The work is divided into two parts. In the first part problems associated with the management of claims in the construction process were discussed. Bearing in mind that claims may result in prolongation of the investment or exceeding planned budget, possibilities of applying information included in documents connected with claims procedure to risk management was analysed in the second part of the study. The basis of the analysis is a review of 226 documents. They originate from 8 construction sites completed in the last 5 years in southwestern Poland. In each case, these were linear road projects, executed by different contractors, according to conditions in the contract set out in the "Yellow Book" FIDIC. In the study, other documents relating events that according to contractors entitled them to claim were also analysed. They included among others: project documentation, terms of reference, construction log, reports and correspondence under the contract. The events constituting the reason for contractors` claims were classified according to their sources. 8 areas of potential threats were distinguished. They were presented in the form of a block diagram. Most events initiating the claims were reported in the following group - adverse actions of third parties, while the fewest were recorded in the group – the lack of access to the construction site. Based on calculated similarity indicators it was found that considered construction sites were diversified in terms of the number of the events occurrence that generated the claim and their sources. In recent years, many road projects are completed behind the schedule and their initially planned budgets are significantly exceeded. Conducted research indicated that data derived from the analysis of documents connected with claims can be applied to identify and classify both cost and schedule risk factors. Obtained data can also be useful at the stage of risk control because early diagnosis of threats in relation to technical and organizational aspects is necessary to take effective action.
CREST-Former: A Region-Enhanced Swin Transformer for Pest Recognition Based on Contrastive Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Transformers with long-range dependency capabilities provide effective means for pest classification in agricultural engineering. However, their self-attention mechanism often causes query tokens to overly focus on local image patches, limiting the effective receptive field. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel Region-Enhanced Swin Transformer for Pest Recognition Based on Contrastive Learning (CREST-Former) architecture, which enhances pest identification through innovative attention mechanisms and multi-scale feature extraction. Our network integrates three innovative modules: (1) PDSwin Transformer block, utilizing multi-receptive field depth-separable convolution and self-attention mechanisms to simultaneously capture features at different scales, enhancing the model’s perception ability for minute morphological features of insects; (2) Discriminant Region Enhancement Module (DREM) that automatically identifies the most distinctive regions of pest morphology to improve classification accuracy.(3) we also design a discriminative region-guided contrastive learning framework, significantly improving feature intra-class compactness and inter-class separability. Experiments show that CREST-Former achieves classification accuracies of 76.13%, 99.85%, and 79.16% on the IP102, D0, and CPB datasets, respectively. Heatmap visualization confirms that the model precisely focuses on discriminative morphological regions of pests, and it has been successfully deployed on the Jetson Nano platform for practical applications.
Hidden Water Affordability Problems Revealed in Developing Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Commonly used approaches for studying water affordability in developing countries tend to focus on households that pay for their water supply (revealed affordability). A major problem of this approach is that it neglects the significant portion of households in these countries that use free water sources. Given that these free sources often are of questionable quality, we provide an alternative approach, whereby hidden affordability for households that use free water sources is revealed by using the average price of purchased water as a proxy for what these households would have to pay for good quality water at the local market. Our calculation shows that the hidden affordability problem is far more important than the revealed affordability problem and that water affordability problems in developing countries have been significantly masked by studies that focus on households paying for water.
[Lesions of the distal segment of the large intestine in Reiter's disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Altogether 23 male patients with Reiter's disease (RD) were followed-up in an arid zone. An interstitial syndrome was diagnosed in addition to the urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome. In one group (14 patients) RD followed acute enterocolitis (dysentery in 3 cases and 9 cases of unknown etiology). Halprovias were found in 5 patients, colon lesion in 12 patients. In the other group (9 patients) halprovias were found in 4 patients. The signs of enterocolitis, pathological microbial flora in the stool and changes in the colon mucosa were absent. An assumption was made of pathogenetic relationship of the urethro-oculo-synovial and intestinal syndromes in RD. A more serious RD course was noted in this combination of syndromes.
Degeneration of knitted Dacron grafts.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes three instances of severe deterioration in tensile strength of knitted Dacron grafts (Weaveknit) supplied prior to 1969. Similar deterioration has been encountered previously by us and other surgeons. All patients with this type of graft should be re-examined periodically and, if deterioration is detected at operation, the entire graft probably should be replaced. These experiences indicate that further investigation and, possibly, some alteration of the manufacturing process are warranted.
TESTING EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS ON FIRST LOWER MOLARS OF PLIOCENE OGMODONTOMYS (ARVICOLIDAE, RODENTIA) FROM THE MEADE BASIN OF SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS (USA): A LANDMARK-BASED APPROACH

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Landmark- and semilandmark-based geometric morphometrics were used to explore morphological variation in the occlusal surface and linea sinuosa (enamel-dentine junction) of first lower molars (m1s) of Ogmodontomys sawrockensis and O. poaphagus from the Meade Basin in southwestern Kansas. Morphological differences between the two species were determined in an effort to explore interspecific variation and to test the power of landmark geometry of dental variation for species discrimination. Significant differences were found between O. sawrockensis and O. poaphagus in both occlusal surface and the linea sinuosa patterns. Multivariate tests demonstrate that the most significant morphological changes occurred at the presumed O. sawrockensis-O. poaphagus speciation event. An intraspecific multivariate analysis of O. poaphagus m1s, however, also identified directional evolutionary tendencies in shape of both the occlusal surface and linea sinuosa.
The Military's Business

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

If the military were a business, would you buy shares? Over recent years, Western armed forces, particularly the US, have been costing more yet achieving less. At the same time, austerity measures are reducing defence budgets. This book uses defence data to examine the workings of modern Western militaries and explore what kind of strategies can overcome this gap between input and output. Instead of focusing on military strategy, Mikkel Vedby Rasmussen seeks to draw on the ideas of business strategy to assess alternative business cases - reforming military HR to combat instability in the 'Global South' or utilising new technologies to overcome the prohibitive costs of current systems. Analysing the philosophical, strategic and budgetary underpinnings of these alternatives, he concludes that a more radical break from current military organisational practices is needed which would allow them to fit within a nation's overall national security system without ever-increasing budgets.
The Ethiopia Strategy Support Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (ESSP), the first major IFPRI country strategy support program managed by the Development Strategy and Governance Division (DSGD), was undertaken in close collaboration with the Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) from September 2004 through December 2007. The program arose because many complex issues concerning the design, implementation, and monitoring of a pro-poor rural development strategy in Ethiopia remained to be resolved, despite the commitment of government and donors and their articulation of a strategy. Important knowledge gaps related to prioritizing and sequencing activities; targeting investments among regions; determining types of investment and household types to best achieve growth, food security, and poverty reduction; making the rural development strategy actionable; designing feasible instruments for implementation; and monitoring and evaluating the implementation and impact of the rural development strategy.
Dynamic Light Scattering Study of the Liquid Ethylene Glycol–Dimethylsulfoxide System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The liquid ethylene glycol–dimethylsulfoxide system is studied by means of dynamic light scattering. Scattered light spectra and the autocorrelation functions of intensity are obtained, and relaxation times, self-diffusion coefficients, and hydrodynamic radii of associates are calculated. The results are due to solvophobic effects and micro phase separation, as is confirmed by liquid-phase separation within a certain range of temperatures and concentrations.