jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Risk Equations predicted 5-y risk for CV events in adults considered for statin initiation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ACP Journal Club19 August 2014ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Risk Equations predicted 5-y risk for CV events in adults considered for statin initiationAnn Marie Navar-Boggan, MD, PhD, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSAnn Marie Navar-Boggan, MD, PhDDuke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (A.M.N., L.K.N.)Search for more papers by this author, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSDuke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (A.M.N., L.K.N.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-4-201408190-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMuntner P, Colantonio LD, Cushman M, et al. Validation of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Pooled Cohort risk equations. JAMA. 2014;311:1406-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24682252Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49-73. [PMID: 24222018] Google Scholar2 Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:2889-934. [PMID: 24239923] Google Scholar3 Taylor F, Huffman MD, Macedo AF, et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;1:CD004816. [PMID: 23440795] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ann Marie Navar-Boggan, MD, PhD; L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSAffiliations: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA (A.M.N., L.K.N.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 August 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2014Volume 161, Issue 4Page: JC12KeywordsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseLow density lipoproteinMyocardial infarctionStatinsStrokeTreatment guidelines ePublished: 19 August 2014 Issue Published: 19 August 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Condensation on the Transport of Matter from Vapor and Noncondensable Gas Mixtures

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The steady-state flux of matter of molecular size from a mixture of vapor and noncondensable gas to the walls of a large containment vessel during the condensation of vapor can be predicted with the present analysis. A boundary layer approach has been used in formulating the mass-transfer problem and the resulting equations are solved numerically. Charts are presented for the flux of molecular iodine from a steam-air mixture to the walls of the containment vessel during the condensation of steam. Knowing the total pressure and the temperature of the bulk mixture, the wall temperature, and the concentration of air and iodine in the bulk mixture, the rate of removal of iodine from the vessel can be predicted. The analysis is correlated with an experiment and close agreement is found.
Comment on the Articles by June Nash and James Peacock

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The two authors of these papers face in common one very complex and perplexing problem: the place that representations of dramatic art take in the personal lives of their spectators. Enormous effort has been put into this question, particularly in works on the popular forms of dramatic art in the United States. Both authors take the same point of view on the question, that there is a fairly direct correspondence between the content of the dramas they analyze and the content of the personal experiences and social world of the spectators. Nash argues that the differing contents of the passion plays produced in the three towns she examines faithfully reflect the differing local configurations of religious organization and Indian/Ladino relations. Peacock argues that the ways the ludruk dramas characterize the inner, kampung life versus the outer, more modern and worldly city life bias the spectators directly in their personal attitudes and decisions toward rejecting features of kampung life in favor of modes of modern city life.
High Density Polymer Brush Spontaneously Formed by\nthe Segregation of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers to the Polymer/Water\nInterface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A self-repairable\nhigh density polymer brush of poly­(ethylene glycol)\n(PEG) is formed at the interface between cross-linked poly­(dimethyl\nsiloxane) (PDMS) and water by spontaneous surface segregation of an\namphiphilic diblock copolymer consisting of PEG and PDMS. The surface\nreconstruction by the formation of the brush was observed as the large\nhysteresis of the contact angle of the water droplet. Neutron reflectivity\nmeasurement revealed that the grafting density of the polymer brush\nis 2.8 chain/nm<sup>2</sup>, which is comparable to those of polymer\nbrushes by the surface-initiated polymerization method. The formation\nof such a remarkably dense polymer brush by segregation can be well\nsupported by the balance between the mixing enthalpy of PEG and water\nand the stretching energy of PEG.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Health and Social Life Skills In 9th Grade Arabic Language Curriculum in Palestine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to examine the extent to which the Arabic language curriculum for the ninth grade in Palestine incorporates health and social life skills, and to propose a vision for integrating these skills into the curriculum. To achieve this, the researcher employed Content Analysis method and utilized a content analysis card for health and social skills, whose validity and reliability were verified using the Holsti formula over time. The reliability coefficient for health skills was 90%, while that for social skills was 85.7%. The findings of the study revealed that health life skills were included with a total of 72 instances, and social life skills with a total of 90 instances in the Arabic language textbook. The study emphasized the importance of forming a national specialized team to integrate these skills into the Arabic language subject. It also recommended the inclusion of health life skills—particularly those related to first aid, quitting harmful games, avoiding smoking and drugs, and maintaining personal hygiene—as well as the inclusion of social life skills that foster positive attitudes toward interacting with individuals with special needs and offering apologies to others. Furthermore, it called for the systematic and well-planned development of Arabic language curricula in light of these skills by a team specialized in national curriculum design, The study was distinguished by its innovation in integrating these skills into the elements of the Arabic language, its objectives, content, activities, advice, teaching methods, and assessment methods for grades five through ten. It took into account depth, sequence, and continuity in presenting these skills without relying solely on analysis.
Mixed-effects models and tolerance limits for mycotoxin measurements in food-stock lots

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe mixed-effects models for aflatoxin measurements that were obtained from a set of incoming grain-delivery trucks at a pet food processing facility in Southeast Asia. Aflatoxin belongs to a group of highly toxic substances known as mycotoxins, the presence of which in food stocks is a major food safety concern around the world. The modeling objective is to evaluate the inter-truck and intra-truck variance components, and to estimate the influence of various factors on the measurements. These factors include, for example, the grain quality metrics from the individual suppliers, and the sample preparation and analytical processes used in the specific measurement protocols. Furthermore, we provide a brief description of how the modeling results can be used to obtain appropriate estimates for the one-sided tolerance limits, and, thereby, to evaluate the overall risk of high aflatoxin levels in the incoming truck lots.
Loss of harmonic generation in intense laser fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Harmonic generation and above-threshold ionization are both consequences of the nonlinear response of atoms to intense laser fields. In this paper, we examine what happens to the single-atom harmonic spectrum at high intensities, when multiphoton absorption ceases to be the dominant process of ionization. At these intensities, ionization can occur by the electron wave packet passing directly over the resultant barrier of the atomic potential and the incident electric field. In consequence of this, the harmonics produced are of a lower strength and can be swamped by the production of a large background to the harmonic spectrum. This background is caused by the ionized electron rescattering from the nucleus in the presence of the laser field.
Dynamical Bayesian cue integration in a volatile Posner dual-cueing task

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research investigates the Bayesian integration of visual and auditory cues in a dynamic decision-making task. We introduce a volatile Posner dual-cueing task to simulate the volatility nature of sensory information and develop a Bayesian agent to model human behavior. The agent employs a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate the validity of visual and auditory cues, which are assumed to follow a multivariate Bernoulli distribution with a time-varying coefficient of variation (CV). The agent's response model integrates the cues' attentional factors, weighted by their precisions, to predict reaction speed (RS). Through simulations, the agent demonstrates the ability to adapt to changes in cue validity and precision, reflecting the dynamic allocation of attention and the optimization of reaction speed. The results show that the agent's performance is consistent with theoretical predictions, suggesting that the model is promising to effectively captures the essence of human multimodal integration. The study paves the way for future work to validate the model with human behavioral data and enhance our understanding of cognitive processes underlying attention and decision-making.
Feasibility of steady-state, multi-megawatt MPD thrusters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of operating the MPD thruster at sustained, multi-megawatt power levels for application to nuclear powered earth orbital maneuvering and outer planet orbiters is addressed by examining cathode erosion processes. The cathode is studied first since it operates in the most severe environment. Due to current, power, and geometrical constraints imposed by the need for high thruster efficiency the cathode must provide 200-400 A/sq cm at incandescent temperatures. This level must be sustained for hundreds of hours to propel a 13,000 kg payload, 5 MW vehicle from low earth orbit to say geosynchronous orbit in 7 days. The physics of thermionic emission are shown by experiment and theory to dominate the thermal balance and cathode sheath such that electron cooling keeps the cathode cool enough to avoid rapid evaporation. Experiments using a subscale MPD test device operating at continuous power levels of 10-30 kW show that cathode temperature can be kept to 2100-2200 K at the high current densities required for a full-sized, multi-megawatt thruster.
Elastography of shear wave speed imaging for the evaluation of liver fibrosis: A meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim A meta‐analysis was carried out to assess the accuracies of shear wave speed imaging (SWSI) in predicting significant fibrosis (stages F2–4) and cirrhosis (stage F4). Methods A review was performed of relevant studies published until October 2015. A bivariate binomial model was used to combine the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and 95% confidence intervals were derived to indicate the diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities. Results In total, 10 studies with 2182 patients were included in the analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (with 95% confidence intervals) of SWSI were: 0.84 (0.81–0.87), 0.83 (0.77–0.88), and 0.88 (0.85–0.90) for significant fibrosis, respectively; and 0.80 (0.66–0.89), 0.93 (0.88–0.96), and 0.95 (0.92–0.96) for cirrhosis, respectively. When SWSI was compared with well‐evaluated transient elastography, the AUCs for the prediction of significant fibrosis were 0.93 and 0.86, respectively. The AUCs for the prediction of cirrhosis were both 0.94. Conclusion Shear wave speed imaging is a trustworthy tool for staging hepatic fibrosis, with a high combination of sensitivity and specificity. Compared with transient elastography, SWSI showed better diagnostic performance for the prediction of significant fibrosis.
Amino acid fluxes in rat thin limb segments of Henle’s loop during in vitro microperfusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amino acids are apparently recycled between loops of Henle and vasa recta in the rat papilla in vivo. To examine more closely papillary amino acid transport, we measured transepithelial fluxes ofl-[ 14 C]alanine and [ 14 C]taurine in thin limbs of Henle’s loops isolated from rat papilla and perfused in vitro. In descending thin limbs (DTL) in vitro, unidirectional bath-to-lumen fluxes tended to exceed unidirectional lumen-to-bath fluxes for both radiolabeled amino acids, although the difference was statistically significant only for taurine. In ascending thin limbs (ATL) in vitro, unidirectional lumen-to-bath fluxes tended to exceed unidirectional bath-to-lumen fluxes, although the difference was again statistically significant only for taurine. These results are compatible with apparent directional movements of amino acids in vivo. However, none of the unidirectional fluxes was saturable or inhibitable, an observation compatible with apparent reabsorption from the ATL in vivo but not compatible with apparent movement from vasa recta to DTL in vivo. There was no evidence of net active transepithelial transport when concentrations of radiolabeled amino acids were matched on both sides of perfused tubule segments. These data suggest that regulation of amino acid movement in vivo may involve the vasa recta, not the DTL of Henle’s loops. The data also suggest that transepithelial movement of amino acids in thin limbs of Henle’s loop may occur via a paracellular route.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized α‐CF3‐α‐Aminophosphonates via Cu(I)‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
6 Characterization of Aerosolized Particles Generated During Cutting of Carbon Nanotubes-Embedded Concrete

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Engineered nanomaterials are revolutionizing many industries, but little is known about potential exposures during the life cycle of nano-enabled composites. This study was conducted to characterize aerosolized particles using direct-reading instruments and integrated air samplers during cutting multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-embedded concrete cylinder blocks. Three types of blocks, 0% (reference), low%, and high% MWCNT, were tested in a specially designed enclosure housing an apparatus for the cutting of a block with an automated computer-controlled process. The highest particle number concentration (163,821 particles/cm3) was measured for the reference cylinder, while others showed similar concentrations (131,689 particles/cm3 and 140,954 particles/cm3 for the low% and high% blocks, respectively). Regardless of the cylinder type, the size-selected particle number concentrations revealed one main mode with a peak at 0.72 µm indicating no shift in the size distribution from addition(s) of MWCNT. Respirable mass concentrations were 342 mg/m3, 405 mg/m3, and 432 mg/m3 for the reference, low%, and high% blocks, respectively. The mass median aerodynamic diameters were similar, 5.23 µm for the reference and 5.05 µm for both low% and high% blocks, indicating a predominant respirable fraction. Respirable particles (quartz, feldspar, paste, etc.) often appeared to be agglomerated materials that included both paste and aggregate minerals. No free MWCNT were observed by electron microscopy from low% and high% samples. These initial studies found no evidence of free MWCNT by cutting concrete test blocks and only minor differences in the particulate aerosol generated, which included a general increase in respirable mass with increasing % CNT.
Two New Scalaranes from a Korean Marine SpongeSpongiasp.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Intensive chemical investigation of Korean marine sponge Spongia sp. has led to the isolation of two new scalaranes. The planar structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were determined through 1D and 2D NMR spectral data analysis, while the relative stereochemistry of the compounds was determined based on the analysis of 1H-1H coupling constants and NOESY spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 did not display any significant biological activities on farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) in co-transfection assay.
Optical generation of tunable and narrow linewidth radio frequency signal based on mutual locking between integrated semiconductor lasers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An integrated on-chip optical device consisting of two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and one multimode semiconductor ring laser (SRL) has been numerically investigated. In this optical circuit, the two DFB lasers are injected into the SRL, and with the presence of the four-wave mixing effect and optical feedback, the three semiconductor lasers achieve mutual-locking state. The beating between the output optical spectral lines can generate readily tunable radio frequency signals with high spectral purity.
Services Export and Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to quantify the contribution of services export to economic growth for 89 countries over the period 1970-2018. we estimate growth accounting equations to explore the causal relationship between services export and real GDP, using panel cointegration technique and panel error-correction models (VECM) in combination with fully modified OLS and dynamic OLS methods. Results show that long-run relationships exist and there is strong evidence of causality from services export to income and weak evidence of causality from income to services export. The results substantiate the existence of services export-led growth hypothesis. Further, the results show that in the long-run trade liberalization policies prove is beneficial in promoting productivity and growth.
Characterization of Early Indicators of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Lesions in a Rat Model Using Non-Invasive Cellular MR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<bold><italic>Background</italic>: </bold>Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a major obstacle to long-term heart allograft survival. A number of studies show that immune mechanisms are involved in CAV. Using non-invasive cellular MRI (CMRI) to explore indicators of CAV lesions and characterize its development could provide new insights into the target immune cells that are responsible for the progression of CAV and reveal early markers of the disease before irreversible changes occur. <bold><italic>Methods and Results</italic>: </bold>Rat heart transplant allografts (n = 88) and isografts (n = 22) were employed in this study. CMRI at 4.7-Tesla revealed a few hypointense foci in the graft early on during CAV with more regions becoming involved as the disease progressed. The areas of image hypointensity corresponded with infiltrating ED1<sup>+</sup> cells labeled with micrometer-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide (MPIO), confirmed by MR microscopy (MRM) at 11.7-Tesla and pathology. MRI abnormalities of the transplanted hearts correlated well with histopathological findings. MPIO-labeled cells counted by a computer algorithm that analyzed 3D MRM volumes exhibited a strong correlation with immunohistochemical inspection of ED1<sup>+ </sup>cell infiltration counted manually (R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.8075). Histology found that in the early phases of CAV, lesions were focal and mostly began in the adventitia. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the infiltrates were mostly ED1<sup>+ </sup>cells and that their density was significantly correlated with the severity of CAV (<italic>p </italic>&#x003C; 0.05). <bold><italic>Conclusions</italic>: </bold>This study illustrates the feasibility of monitoring MPIO-labeled ED1<sup>+</sup> cells as an early indicator for CAV before vessel wall changes using non-invasive CMRI, which provides information on the entire heart.
The PDZ Ligand Domain of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Protein Is Required for E6's Induction of Epithelial Hyperplasia In Vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent of warts. Infections with high-risk HPVs are associated with anogenital and head and neck cancers. One of the viral genes responsible for HPV's oncogenic activity is E6. Mice expressing the HPV-16 E6 protein in their epidermis (K14E6 WT ) develop epithelial hyperplasia and squamous carcinomas. Numerous cellular proteins interact with E6, some of which can be grouped based on common amino acid motifs in their E6-binding domains. One such group, the PDZ partners, including hDLG, hSCRIBBLE, MUPP1, and MAGI, bind to the carboxy-terminal four amino acids of E6 through their PDZ domains. E6's interaction with the PDZ partners leads to their degradation. Additionally, E6's binding to PDZ proteins has been correlated with its ability to transform baby rat kidney cells in tissue culture and to confer tumorigenicity onto cells in xenograft experiments. To address whether the ability of E6 to bind PDZ domain partners is necessary for E6 to confer epithelial hyperproliferation in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that express in stratified squamous epithelia a mutant of E6 lacking the last six amino acids at its carboxyl terminus, E6 Δ146-151 , from the human keratin 14 (K14) promoter. The K14E6 Δ146-151 mice exhibit a radiation response similar to that of the K14E6 WT mice, demonstrating that this protein, as predicted, retains an ability to inactivate p53. However, the K14E6 Δ146-151 mice fail to display epithelial hyperplasia. These results indicate that an interaction of E6 with PDZ partners is necessary for its induction of epithelial hyperplasia.