jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Characteristics of N2, N2O, NO, CO2 and CH4 Emissions in Anaerobic Condition from Sandy Loam Paddy Soil].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding the characteristics of the production of nitrogen gases (N2, N2O and NO), CO2 and CH4 in anaerobic paddy soils is not only a prerequisite for an improved mechanistic understanding of key microbial processes involved in the production of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), but might also provide the basis for designing greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. Moreover, quantifying the composition fractions of denitrification gaseous products is of key importance for improving parameterization schemes of microbial processes in process-oriented models which are increasingly used for assessing soil GHG emissions at site and national scales. In our experiments we investigated two sandy loam soils from two paddy fields. The initial concentrations of soil nitrate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were set at approximately 50 mg.kg-1 and mg.kg-1, respectively, by adding a mixture solution of KNO3 and glucose. The emissions of N2, N2O NO, CO2 and CH4, as well as concentrations of carbon and nitrogen substrates for each soil sample were measured simultaneously, using a gas-flow-soil-core technique and a paralleling substrate monitoring system. The results showed that the accumulative emissions of N2, N2O and NO of the two soil samples for the entire incubation period were 6 - 8, 20, and 15 - 18 mg.kg-1, respectively. By measuring the cumulative emissions of denitrification gases (N, = N2 + N2O + NO) we were able to explain 95% to 98% of observed changes in s1ifr nilrate concentrations. The mass fractions of N2, N2O and NO emissions to Nt were approximately 15% -19%, 47% -49%, and 34% -36%, respectively. Thus, in our experiments N2O and NO were the main products of denitrification for the entire incubation period. However, as the temporal courses of hourly or daily production of the denitrification gases showed, NO production dominated and peaked firstly, and then N2O, before finally N2 became the dominant product. Our results show the high temporal dynamic of denitrification end products and this knowledge is of crucial importance for model development, since so far existing models assume a fixed fraction of denitrification end products.
Educational Migration: Brain Drain in Kentucky

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kentucky has been steadily growing in its bachelor degree holder production over the past ten years, with almost 4500 more college degree holders produced per year in 2010 than in 2000. The literature has shown that this is good news for the economic growth prospects of the state, because a more highly skilled work force means a higher potential for production. This newly educated workforce, however, will not help Kentucky to grow if they take those skills elsewhere.\nUsing five-year American Community Survey data for Kentuckians over the age of 17, I was able to determine that Kentucky is not a brain drain state, but has actually been able to attract an estimated 2,930 college degree holders net of those lost to other states. Then, by breaking the state down into Public Use Microdata Areas, I was able to find patterns of loss or gain in human capital regionally. The golden triangle region of the state was not only the most saturated but also the most successful in attracting college degree holders.\nIf the literature about matching is correct, then policy makers should continue and even enhance current policy aimed at increasing degree production and workforce development, if they wish to attract more high-skilled labor. This is because the theory on matching posits that regions with higher preexisting levels of human capital are better at attracting more highly skilled labor. Also, attention should be given to the state migration patterns evident in this study, with regards to the loss of college degree holders to southern states, and the gain of college degree holders from the bordering states to the north.
A numerical reconstruction of the LGM Rhone Glacier and its ice dynamics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

These datasets are part of chapter 4 in: Imhof, M. A., "Combined climate-ice flow modelling of the Alpine Ice Field during the Last Glacial Maximum", 2021, ETH Zurich, dissertation no. 27416, https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000471073 The datasets are from ice flow modelling experiments that aimed to reconstruct the Rhone Glacier during the Last Glacial Maximum and how its dynamics and boulder transport evolved. All datasets have a horizontal resolution of 2 km. The filename indicates the model settings that were used for the climate signal [EPICA], lambda [l2km], sliding parameter [C1=1000Paam-1 | C1=300Paam-1], and climate forcing [LGM+PD]. See table 4.1 in the thesis. The netcdf datasets contain the following variables: ice thickness (thk) bedrock elevation (topg) surface ice velocity (uvelsurf,vvelsurf) basal ice velocity/sliding velocity (uvelbase,vvelbase) pressure adjusted basal temperature (temppabase) An animation of the C1=300Paam-1 simulation can watched here. This project was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project 200021-162444).
Prevention of sevoflurane agitation in children undergoing congenital hernia repair, impact of adding dexmedetomidine to caudal analgesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Postoperative agitation is a common problem in pediatric sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine has been described as a safe, long acting and effective additive in many anesthetic and analgesic techniques. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to caudal lidocaine in sevoflurane-based anesthesia on the incidence and severity of emergency agitation (EA) in children after surgical repair of congenital hernia. Patients and methods: A total of 48 pediatric patients aged 18–38 months ASA I, II scheduled for congenital hernia surgery were randomly enrolled into 2 groups: Group L patients (n = 24) received 1% lidocaine 0.7 ml kg, while Group D patients (n = 24) received 1% lidocaine 0.7 ml kg + dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg. Postoperatively, emergency agitation and modified Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) scores were observed and recorded. Results: The current study showed that the incidence and severity of agitation and modified CHEOPS scores were significantly lower in group D compared to group L. Also occurrence of EA in patients in group D was significantly lower. Conclusion: The present study suggested that use of dexmedetomidine in addition to lidocaine was effective to control emergency agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia.
Update on Key Studies - The Millennium Cohort Study, The STAMPEDE Study, The Million Veteran Program, and The National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Several key studies have been initiated by the US Department of Defense (DoD) and the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to provide critical information on the short-and long-term health and well-being of US military service members and veterans. As such, these research studies are vital in understanding emerging health conditions, including respiratory symptoms and conditions, among US military personnel returning from recent conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and neighboring countries. In this chapter, several key epidemiological and clinical studies that can provide critical data in the area of respiratory outcomes among service members and veterans are reviewed. These studies include - the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), - STAMPEDE (Study of Active Duty Military for Pulmonary Disease Related to Environmental Deployment Exposure), - Million Veteran Program (MVP), and - National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans.
Research on An Adaptive Optimization Method of Anti-tank Missile in Plateau Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By analyzing the atmospheric elements of the plateau environment, the main factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of the missile are identified. From the analysis of the frequency domain characteristics of guided missiles and the guidance system parameters, we study the problem of the altitude adaptation of missiles. Comprehensive economy, adaptability, reliability and other factors were proposed to improve the dynamic characteristics of the missile's monomer under high altitude environment. The simulation results show that the method used in this paper can effectively improve the stability of the guidance system at the plateau, and the improved missile performance can basically meet the requirements of the plateau.
Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Euphorbia Fusiformis Buch-Ham

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was undertaken to analyze the physicochemical and chromatographic profile of dried tuberous roots of Euphorbia fusiformis. Physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, various extractive values, pH etc., were carried out. Further, qualitative tests for various functional groups like alkaloids, glycosides etc., were carried out in methanol and water extracts. The results of the preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of carbohydrates, starch, flavanoids and steroids. Thin layer chromatography was carried out using different solvent systems which revealed two common spots indicating the presence of some common phyto-constituents. The parameters of present study can be used as a reference for further scientific investigations.
Dependence of analytical parameters of ion-selective electrodes on the membrane solvents used in the construction of membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study was analysis of the suitability of available membrane solvents and their application to obtain liquid membrane ion-selective electrodes that are sensitive to diazepam or fluoxetine. Sensitive and reasonably selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes are based on using water insoluble ion-pair of diazepam – [tetrakis(3,5bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate or fluoxetine – [tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl)]borate as electroactive material. As membrane solvents for construction of membranes there were used 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, 1-isopropyl-4-nitrobenzene, bis (1-buthylpentyl) adipate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate. Evaluation of analytical parameters of the obtained electrodes, their selectivity and evaluation of analytical parameters for membranes subjected to a process of "accelerated aging" in a climate chamber at 60 °C and humidity of 70 % without the VIS and UV light, were developed. There was carried out an analysis of the suitability of the electrodes, which will show the best stability and reproducibility of the analytical parameters for the determination of substances in respect of which exhibit selectivity. The determination was developed using potentiometric titration method.
Observations on rRNA gene replication in Chara vulgaris evaluated by in situ [3H] rRNA-DNA hybridization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In situ [3H]rRNA-DNA hybridization showed that: (1) during the cell cycle in antheridial filaments of Chara vulgaris the rDNA gene content doubles during a 2h period in mid-S-phase, which corresponds to about 13% of the duration of this phase; (2) doubling of the number of grains occurs during mid-S-phase irrespective of the developmental stage of the antheridial filaments; (3) the numbers of autoradiographic grains in comparable phases of successive cell cycles preceding spermatid formation are the same. Thus the gradual reduction of total nucleolar volume (estimated per nucleus) occurring in successive cell cycles preceding spermatid formation is not associated with a decrease in the number of rDNA genes.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose \n Cardiac adaptation to intense physical training is determined by many factors. Eliminate the fat mass from the indexing of left ventricular parameters seems to better explain some heart modifications, characterizing the so-called “athlete’s heart". Fat free mass also contains the extracellular mass which does not represent a metabolically active compartment. The aim of this study is to verify a new left ventricular indexation with the metabolically active tissue of the body as body cell mass in elite athletes. \nMethods \n18 females (F) were matched with 18 elite male (M) soccer players (F=26.2±2.4 yrs, M=26.9±2.5 years; p=NS). An accurate body composition analysis (skinfold and bioimpedance) and an echocardiography were performed. \nResults \nGreater relationship were found between left ventricular mass and body cell (r=0.827, r2=0.684, p<0.001) compared to fat free mass (r=0.822, r2=0.676, p<0.001). Differences in body composition were confirmed (hip circumference/height: F=0.55±0.03, M=0.52±0.02, p<0.01; fat mass index: F= 3.7±0.7 kg/m2, M=2.4±0.4 kg/m2, p<0.001), no difference were found in extra cellular mass index (F=7.1±1.2 kg/m2, M=7.6±0.4 kg/m2; p=NS). There are no differences in systo-diastolic parameters between sexes. Left ventricular dimension show higher values in males also with body cell indexation (F=126.62±16.08 g/m2, M=142.87±13.48 g/m2 ; p<0.001). \nConclusions \nAnalyzing body composition in three compartments appears a solution that physiologically can explain some aspects of the athlete's heart. These results could be considered a preliminary data in order to create a new indexation.
A taxonomic revision of the tribe Oryzeae (Poaceae) in Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The tribe Oryzeae is represented in Thailand by nine species (one with two varieties) in four genera.Keys to all taxa are provided together with descriptions, illustrations, photos, ecological data and notes, including IUCN conservation assessments.The single endemic species, Leersia stipitata Bor, is regarded as globally critically endangered, whereas all other more widely distributed species are not found to be threatened in Thailand.Two names are typified: Pharus ciliatus Retz.and Oryza meyeriana (Zoll.& Moritzi) Baill.var.granulata (Nees & Arn.ex G. Watt) Duist.
Fictionalizing the real: imagined publics and constructions of self in Etty Hillesum’s diary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The diary of Etty Hillesum, a Dutch Jew living in Amsterdam under German occupation during World War II, seems, like many wartime diaries, a seductive point of access to unmediated first-hand experience – but we should not too quickly confuse ‘intimate’ for ‘immediate’. We must ask: When Hillesum writes her diary, for whom is she writing? To what extent is she constructing the character of Etty, and for what purposes? How can we see, in this constructed self and consciousness of an imagined audience, evidence of reconciliation and struggle with the events of the war and her role within it as an initially protected, socially privileged member of the Jewish Council? Drawing from James Young’s suggested ‘poetics’ of Holocaust diaries as well as Bloom’s notion of the ‘public private diary’, I perform a close reading of the evolution of the narrative voice created by Hillesum in order to demonstrate the complex negotiations performed by the (female) (Holocaust) diarist to construct a self for an evolving imagined audience – and then enact that self.
Effect of combination therapy with sodium valproate, Peg-interferon and prednizolone on clinical findings in HTLV-1 associated spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effect of combination therapy with sodium valproate, Peg-interferon and prednizolone on clinical findings in HTLV-1 associated spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Patients
Observations of Lenticular Galaxies at the 6-m Telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This is a historical review covering the last 30 years of the observational\nstudy of lenticular galaxies at the 6m telescope BTA of the Special\nAstrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The development\nof spectroscopic techniques at the BTA has allowed to get comprehensive\ninformation about this class of stellar systems, starting from the study of\ntheir nuclei in the late 80th towards quite exclusive results obtained in the\nlast years on the outermost parts of their large-scale stellar disks.\n
Compensation of Progressive Hypercapnia in Channel Catfish and Blue Crabs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) were progressively acclimated to CO2 partial pressures of 7·5, 15, 30, 45 and 58mmHg (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% CO2 in air) and blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) to 15, 30 and 45 mmHg, with 24 h at each partial pressure. Measurements of both conventional acid-base parameters (pH, total CO2) and ′strong′ ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl−) were made at various times during each treatment. Intracellular [Na+], [K+] and [Cl−] were determined for red and white muscle in control and hypercapnic (8%) catfish. Extracellular [HCO3−] and strong ion difference (SID) both rose during hypercapnic compensation, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0·97 (P&lt;0·01) for catfish and 0·41 (NS) for blue crabs. Since [HCO3−] is calculated from two rapid measurements, and SID from four separate procedures, the former appears to be the measurement of choice. The results also dispel the notion of a 30mequivl−1 upper limit to bicarbonate compensation: [HCO3−] values over 50mequivl−1 were achieved in both animals, and %pH regulation remained around 70% at the highest . Due to superior intracellular buffering, the large change in extracellular SID did not lead to a measurable change in the concentrations of the major intracellular ions. The primary gill filaments of hypercapnic catfish showed a 30% increase in numbers and a 75 % increase in area of apical crypts of chloride cells. The chloride cell ′patches′ in crab gills increased in staining density after hypercapnia but did not enlarge.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TANAH ADAT SETELAH TERBITNYA PERATURAN PEMERINTAH MENGENAI BADAN BANK TANAH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to analyze agrarian conflicts and legal protection of customary land after the establishment of the Government Regulation on the Land Bank Agency in Indonesia. The presence of the Land Bank has the potential for conflict of interest and recognition of customary land can be neglected under the pretext of stateization. This research uses normative research and is based on statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that agrarian reform contained in the Land Bank study actually backs up agrarian reform itself in terms of land acquisition, because land can be obtained through the transfer of land ownership by the state. Therefore, within the framework of ius constutuendum, the Government needs to improve the Job Creation Law in the land sector and the Government Regulation on the Land Bank, in addition, the public can also conduct a Material Test on articles containing land stateization arrangements in the Job Creation Law and Government Regulations on the Land Bank to strengthen guarantees and fulfillment of the rights of indigenous land communities.
Data from Pharmacological Inhibition of PARP6 Triggers Multipolar Spindle Formation and Elicits Therapeutic Effects in Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>PARP proteins represent a class of post-translational modification enzymes with diverse cellular functions. Targeting PARPs has proven to be efficacious clinically, but exploration of the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibition has been limited to targeting poly(ADP-ribose) generating PARP, including PARP1/2/3 and tankyrases. The cancer-related functions of mono(ADP-ribose) generating PARP, including PARP6, remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we report a novel therapeutic strategy targeting PARP6 using the first reported PARP6 inhibitors. By screening a collection of PARP compounds for their ability to induce mitotic defects, we uncovered a robust correlation between PARP6 inhibition and induction of multipolar spindle (MPS) formation, which was phenocopied by PARP6 knockdown. Treatment with AZ0108, a PARP6 inhibitor with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, potently induced the MPS phenotype, leading to apoptosis in a subset of breast cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and antitumor effects <i>in vivo</i>. In addition, Chk1 was identified as a specific substrate of PARP6 and was further confirmed by enzymatic assays and by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, when modification of Chk1 was inhibited with AZ0108 in breast cancer cells, we observed marked upregulation of p-S345 Chk1 accompanied by defects in mitotic signaling. Together, these results establish proof-of-concept antitumor efficacy through PARP6 inhibition and highlight a novel function of PARP6 in maintaining centrosome integrity via direct ADP-ribosylation of Chk1 and modulation of its activity.</p>Significance:<p>These findings describe a new inhibitor of PARP6 and identify a novel function of PARP6 in regulating activation of Chk1 in breast cancer cells.</p></div>
Testing a scale to measure food business legitimacy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A well-developed body of knowledge exists about how small businesses can achieve legitimacy, but the canon of literature is profoundly lacking tangible information about the criteria for legitimacy in the food sector. The purpose of this study was to test, extend, and validate the Johnson and Dibrell legitimacy scale (Johnson, Dibrell, Holcomb, & Craig, 2007), which seeks to operationalize a scale to measure legitimacy forms and legitimating strategies of food businesses. This study employed a quantitative research design to address the three research objectives for this study. Data for this study were collected with a questionnaire instrument administered on the Internet to a sample of food processors and manufacturers who have worked with the Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center in Oklahoma. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, principal components analysis, and tests of validity and reliability were applied to: a) use the Johnson and Dibrell legitimacy scale to measure the extent to which participating firms engage in behaviors related to legitimacy forms and legitimating strategies, b) evaluate to what extent factors of the Johnson and Dibrell legitimacy scale instrument explain the variance in the pattern of relationships among items, and c) evaluate reliability and validity of the Johnson and Dibrell legitimacy scale instrument. Findings indicated respondents' firms were more likely to engage conformance strategies and behaviors related to regulatory legitimacy and less likely to engage in manipulation and selection strategies than other legitimating strategies and legitimacy forms. Data from this study reveal nine components contributed to 79.95% of the explained variance in the pattern of relationships among the items, and coefficient values for five of the components exceeded the widely-accepted alpha threshold of .70.