jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Image Processing based Crop Protection and Road Accident Prevention System using Intelligence Surveillance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the major problems that farmers encounter
is that wild animals that invade their crops destroy their output.
The disruption of wild animals has always been a problem for
ranchers.Animals including wild boar, deer, wild buffalo,
elephants, tigers, monkeys, and others pose a threat to crop
output. One of the major risks in lowering the harvest yield is
crop loss caused by animal attacks. Crop striking is one of the
most significant human-animal conflicts as a result of the
expansion of cultivated land into former wildlife habitat. It is
crucial to thoroughly and effectively inspect wild animals in their
natural habitat. This initiative promotes a method to recognise
animals that trespass on agricultural property. As there are so
many different creatures, it might be difficult to physically
identify between them. This computation groups animals
according to their images so we may more effectively screen
them. They also assist in making the distinction between an
animal and a human, which is very helpful in identifying the
invader.
A Novel Approach to Digitally Controlled Phase Locked Loop Tuning Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Digital Phase Locked Loops are commonplace today in voltage controlled oscillator applications. These PLL's are convenient to use since they are easily interfaced to a microprocessor which can be used to provide the intelligence for tuning control. They are also quite stable and well predictable with regard to frequency selection of the loop being controlled. However, there are a number of drawbacks which surface when such things as resolution and spurious response generation are evaluated. This paper will address a possible solution to some of these drawbacks. It describes a method by which the Reference (R) and the Select (N) divide chains may be manipulated concurrently in order to achieve much higher frequency resolution than normally thought possible while retaining a reasonable phase detector frequency. The frequency of the phase detector is a major contributor to spurious responses. These manifest themselves as sidebands above and below the normal VCO frequency at which the loop is locked. By using this variable N & R technique the phase detector frequency can in many cases be raised to a high enough frequency where it can be more easily filtered and thusly reduce the spurious response problem.
Utilization of the label from bacterial [3H] DNA by isolated barley roots and embryos under different conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[3H] DNA fromEscherichia coli and [3H] thymidine were applied, in sterile conditions, on isolated barley embryos and on roots excised from these embryos, both cultivated in the liquid medium and on halves of barley seeds, through the endosperm bridge. In embryos and roots, the labelled compounds were applied in 1.5% sucrose + 0.2 SSC alone, or together with either unlabelled thymidine or DEAE-dextran. Similar labelling indices were found after [3H] thymidine and [3H] DNA treatment which shows that the activity of [3H] DNA is utilized during the S phase. After application of [3H] thymidine, only cell nuclei in S phase were labelled. After the application of [3H] DNA an extranuclear label, in addition to the labelling of nuclei in the S phase, was observed in some experimental variants. The density of label above labelled nuclei after [3H] DNA treatment sharply decreased when unlabelled thymidine or DEAE-dextran was added, while the density of label above nuclei labelled by [3H] thymidine decreased when unlabelled thymidine but not DEAE-dextran was added. The labelling of nuclei with the label from [3H] DNA is the result of degradation of exogenous DNA reutilization of low molecular weight products. Extranuclear labelling is most probably due to the polymerous or partly degraded DNA.
Evaluation of mechanism of hepatotoxicity of leflunomide using albino wistar rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Leflunomide (LEF) is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and tyrosine kinase enzymes. It is metabolised by cytochrome 2C9 enzyme to active form A771726 (melononitrilamide) which is responsible for both its pharmacological and toxicological responses. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave black box warning in 2010 due to acute liver failure in humans. While the exact mechanism of its toxicity remains unknown, it has been postulated that the formation of toxic reactive metabolites and elevation of serum transaminase level may be responsible for its toxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether oxidative stress has any role in inducing hepatotoxicity of this drug. LEF was administered orally in 10 mg/kg body weight to albino wistar rats. Then, liver and blood were collected at 4, 8, 12 and 16 h intervals. Liver glutathione (GSH), oxidized lipid (malonaldehyde MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and plasma alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were measured to determine the level of toxicity. GSH, CAT and SOD levels were found to be decreased with respect to control at all time points, whereas MDA level was significantly increased which signified liver cell injury after drug administration. The plasma ALT and AST levels were also increased at the same time, denoting liver tissue damage. Our result collectively indicated that oxidative stress might be responsible for LEF inducing hepatotoxicity. Key words: Leflunomide, A771726 metabolite, hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress.
A Novel Cooperation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diversity is an effective way to combat the impacts of channel fading by obtaining diversity gains and therefore, is attractive in the design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where energy efficiency is important. In this paper, we consider a cluster-based WSN in which the base station (BS) is located far from the sensor nodes and cluster heads cooperatively transmit information to the BS using decode and forward approach in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system. The cluster heads serve as both information sources and relays at the same time. The energy efficiency improved by the proposed approach is presented in this paper. How the system parameters such as bit rate, quality of service (QoS) and distance from the BS influence the scheme selection is given in this paper as well. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme saves energy significantly when BS is far from WSN and the QoS requirement is stringent.
Public Expenditure for Education and Economic Growth in Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research provides empirical evidence of impact of public expenditure for education on economic growth in Vietnam from 2000 to 2015. In addition, effect of human capital quality is also attacted into the research to examine its impact on economic growth. Specifically, for relating performance of government expenditure for education, we choose enrolment number of pre-primary school, enrolment number of primary school, enrolment number of lower secondary school, enrolment of upper secondary school, percentage of high school graduation as education’s performance. Moreover, we aslo estimate the impact of percentage of government expenditure of GDP for health on GDP growth. Firstly, we estimate the relationship of government capital and regular expenditure for education, its performance mentioned above and human capital quality (HDI as proxy). Secondly, we test the impact of all explanatories of model 1 including HDI plus percentage of government expenditure of GDP for health on GDP growth. Consequently, the first model shows that enrolment number of pre-primary school and regular government spending for education have positive relationship with HDI, whereas, capital spending for education shows negative relationship. For the second model, enrolment number of lower secondary school, enrolment number of primary school, capital expenditure of public budget for education, and HDI are related positively to GDP growth. On the other hand, enrolment number of pre-primary school, percentage of high school graduation, and regular spending for education move negatively way with GDP growth. Keywords : HDI, government expenditure, GDP growth, enrolment DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-6-06 Publication date: March 31 st 2020
P0035 / #2121: CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEATH IN PAEDIATRIC SEVERE TBI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims & Objectives: In children, severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is the leading cause of death. Our aim was to determine how children with sTBI die in the Pediatric Critical Care Unit (PCCU) and evaluate clinical and physiologic factors associated with death. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all severely injured trauma patients (Injury Severity Score ≥ 12) with sTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] ≤ 8 and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 4) admitted to a PCCU (2000–2016). We analyzed clinical factors, interventions and lab values within 24 hours of admission and pre-death (48 hours prior to death, and a subgroup of those with no overlap of admission and pre-death periods) in patients who died in the PCCU by withdrawal of life sustaining therapies (WLST) or by brain or cardiac death (physiologic). Results: Of 195 included patients with sTBI, 55 (28%) died in the PCCU. Of these, 31 (56%) had a physiologic death, while 24 (44%) had WLST. Median times to death were 79.5 (17.6, 231.3) hours in the WLST group and 35.2 (11.8, 86.4) hours in the physiologic group (p=0.08). The physiologic group had higher partial thromboplastin time (PTT) within 24 hours of admission (p=0.04) and lower albumin prior to death (p=0.04). Conclusions: Almost half of sTBI deaths in the PCCU were by WLST. There was a trend towards a longer time to death in these patients. We found very few early and late factors associated with mode of death, namely PTT, and albumin.
The potential of remotely-sensed data to identify suitable sites for the reintroduction of Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We assessed vegetation cover density and distribution in Eastern Jordanian rangeland reserves (2411 km2) using a series of Landsat images (34 year’s period) and ground cover survey (2020) to identify proper sites for reintroducing Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx). The natural reserves were Burqu Nature Reserve site-1, and site-2 (Dmetheh), and Al Dahek Nature Reserve. Satellite sensor data from Landsat-8-OLI and Landsat- 5-TM were used to derive Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between 1986 and 2020 and across growing seasons (March and April). The Dmetheh site had the highest vegetation cover density over the growing season and across years (1986-2020). Scattered shrubs and grasses (NDVI: 0.1–0.2) consistently covered more than 40% (600-700 km2) of the Dmetheh reserve, while in the other reserves vegetation cover were inconsistent and covered less than 500 km2. Considering the Landsat- NDVI results, Dmetheh site was selected for further assessment. Ground survey of Dmetheh site showed that there were 54 palatable species (53% of total plants) and total ground vegetation cover (%) of the site in March was about 22.5%. The relationship between Landsat-NDVI values and ground vegetation cover was significant (R2=73.3, P<0.001). Overall, remotely-sensed data hold promise for the assessment process of identifying proper sites to reintroduce Arabian Oryx in arid environments.
Comet 1890b

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

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Keeping critical assets safe when teleworking is the new norm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Covid-19 pandemic has upended almost every aspect of our lives – and work is no exception. With social distancing protocols in effect across the world, tele-commuting (or remote work), has suddenly become the norm for many, rather than the exception. And the flexibility offered by remote work is a major benefit. There are many advantages to remote working. Yet our new professional reality also comes with fresh challenges. Perhaps none of these is more important than the need to safeguard critical corporate assets within an information security landscape that has been profoundly altered, almost overnight, says Gus Evangelakos of XM Cyber.
Contract and Consent: Representation and the Jury in Anglo-American Legal History

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Contract and Consent, the renowned legal historian J. R. Pole posits that legal history has become highly specialized, while mainstream political and social historians frequently ignore cases that figure prominently in the legal literature. Pole makes a start at remedying the situation with a series of essays that reintegrate legal with political and social history. A central theme of the essays is the link between Anglo-American common law and contract law and American political and constitutional principles. Pole also emphasizes the political functions of legal institutions in English and American history, going so far as to suggest that we need to divest ourselves of any notion of the separation of powers. Instead, we need to acknowledge the historical role of courts, juries, and the common law as agencies of political representation and as promulgators of law and policy. Other essays show the implications of independence for American law, and how American political scientists converted the concept of sovereignty from its authoritarian claims in the eighteenth century into a product of the political process in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the American colonies made their own versions of the common law, there was no simple division between 'English' and 'American' law. But it was of fundamental importance that an entitled, landed aristocracy was never imported into or allowed to take root in America, with the result that American law was much simpler than its English counterpart, with the latter's accretion of esoteric language and procedures. Having established the basis of Anglo-American legal history in contract and common law in part one, in the second half of the volume Pole explores various constitutional and legal themes, from bicameralism in Britain and America and the role of the Constitution in the making of American nationality to the performance of representative institutions in the century following the American Revolution.
Frequency Ratio of ${}^{199}$Hg and ${}^{87}$Sr Optical Lattice Clocks beyond the SI Limit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on a frequency ratio measurement of a ${}^{199}$Hg-based optical lattice clock referencing a ${}^{87}$Sr-based clock. Evaluations of lattice light shift, including atomic-motion-dependent shift, enable us to achieve a total systematic uncertainty of $7.2 \times 10^{-17}$ for the Hg clock. The frequency ratio is measured to be $ν_{\rm Hg}/ν_{\rm Sr}=2.629\, 314\, 209\, 898\, 909\, 60(22)$ with a fractional uncertainty of $8.4 \times 10^{-17}$, which is smaller than the uncertainty of the realization of the SI second, i.e., the SI limit.
Academic integrity in digital learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an overview of academic dishonesty, its causes and effects in a digital learning environment, and proposes future directions for academic institutions in Zimbabwe. The chapter begins with an introduction to academic integrity and the values of academic honesty among students and lecturers. Qualitative research was conducted with students and lecturers in Information Systems from four tertiary institutions in Zimbabwe. The S-O-R framework and TPB were adopted to analyze the factors that influence academic integrity. The findings suggest that academic dishonesty is still a prevalent issue among Information Systems students in higher education, manifesting in various forms such as cheating, peer-to-peer file sharing, and scientific misconduct. The themes that emerged from the analysis include student factors, lecturer factors, technological capabilities, socio-economic pressures, and institutional preparedness. The chapter concludes by proposing a comprehensive institutional approach to promote academic integrity, which includes equipping lecturers, educating and training students to manage societal pressures, and teaching responsible technology use. A combined effort from institutional leaders, regulatory bodies, students, lecturers, and staff is essential to maintain academic integrity in the Information Systems field.
Revisiting the two-zero texture Majorana neutrino mass matrix

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It has long been pointed out that there are seven different two-zero texture neutrino mass matrices compatible with neutrino oscillation data. We perform an updated analysis with the recently published Nu-Fit 6.0 results. We also subject the seven two-zero textures to constraints on neutrino mass from cosmology, end point of beta decay spectrum, and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. We find that all seven textures are compatible with the new oscillation parameters. However, we find five textures, whose 1-1 entry is nonvanishing, are in severe tension with the constraints from cosmology and neutrinoless double beta decay. With the next generation experiments, these five textures could be decisively ruled out. For the remaining two textures, one of them could be ruled out, or severely constrained, if the octant of θ23 is determined.
White heteroscedasticty testing after outlier removal

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Given the effect that outliers can have on regression and specification testing, a vastly used robustification strategy by practitioners consists in: (i) starting the empirical analysis with an outlier detection procedure to deselect atypical data values; then (ii) continuing the analysis with the selected non-outlying observations. The repercussions of such robustifying procedure on the asymptotic properties of subsequent specification tests are, however, underexplored. We study the effects of such a strategy on the White test for heteroscedasticity. Using weighted and marked empirical processes of residuals theory, we show that the White test implemented after the outlier detection and removal is asymptotically chi-square if the underlying errors are symmetric. Under asymmetric errors, the standard chi-square distribution will not always be asymptotically valid. In a simulation study, we show that - depending on the type of data contamination - the standard White test can be either severely undersized or oversized, as well as have trivial power. The statistic applied after deselecting outliers has good finite sample properties under symmetry but can suffer from size distortions under asymmetric errors.
Obesity And Osteoarthritis: A Biomechanical And Global Health Evaluation Of Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients And Healthy Controls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three-dimensional biomechanical gait analysis is a clinical tool to measure patient function prior to and following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are psychometric questionnaires that also measure patient function prior to and following TKA. Different insight is gained from each of these measurement tools, the biomechanical data measures local factors, the PRO measures global factors, the current study utilized the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR.) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Physical Health (GPH) and Global Mental Health (GMH). Body mass index (BMI) is another important measurement tool that provides insight into patient health, BMI is a local factor as well. How do TKA patients recover over time in terms of their BMI, biomechanical gait, and PRO measures? Results of this dissertation suggest that biomechanically, there were significant group differences between healthy controls and TKA patients. Comparing healthy controls to TKA patients also revealed that there were baseline differences related to BMI, and group differences over time related to BMI that significantly affected the biomechanical gait outcomes. Furthermore, PRO measures for all TKA patients improved over time. The KOOS JR. and PROMIS GPH significantly improved at each timepoint, there was a lag effect for the PROMIS GMH. Patients with a higher BMI had worse baseline KOOS JR., GPH, and GMH scores. For the GPH and GMH the effect of BMI was non-significant over time. The KOOS JR. scores significantly interacted with BMI, over time at six months and one year, suggesting that heavier patients improve their scores more over time.
Consequences of variation in interval from insemination to ovulation on fertilization in pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This review describes effects of variation in the interval between insemination and ovulation on the fertilization process in the sow. Inseminations performed too early or too late relative to ovulation decrease litter size and especially farrowing rate. This effect can be explained to a large extent by the increase in the percentage of non-fertilized eggs, resulting in partial fertilization or no fertilization at all. No effects of variation in the interval from insemination to ovulation are found on the percentage of degenerate embryos. Only moderate effects are found on mean embryonic development and variation in embryonic development at day 5 after insemination. In general, insemination between 0 and 24 h before ovulation gives good fertilization results. Factors influencing the optimal interval from insemination to ovulation, such as number of sperm cells used for insemination, storage time of liquid semen and use of frozen semen, and sow factors such as parity and breed are discussed.