jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Cost Analysis of Degradable Location Management Algorithms in Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop a uniform framework to provide a cost analysis of location update and search operations for a class of degradable location management algorithms in personal communication service (PCS) networks for tracking mobile users in the two-tier HLR (Home Location Register)–VLR (Visitor Location Register) structure. Depending on the algorithm employed, the PCS may be in a degraded state in maintaining the location of a mobile user. We classify existing location management algorithms based on how well the location information is maintained in terms of the costs associated with location updates and develop a two-level hierarchical modeling framework to analyze the performance characteristics of these algorithms. Specifically, the high-level model calculates the total cost incurred to the PCS network as a result of location-update and call-delivery operations during the period between two consecutive calls. The low-level model is a stochastic model that estimates the values of high-level model parameters. We show that by utilizing simple Markov models at the low level, we can assess and compare the performance characteristics of degradable location management algorithms easily. The basic scheme used in the standard IS-41 and GSM protocols, the paging and location updating algorithm (PLA), the forwarding and resetting algorithm (FRA) and the local anchoring algorithm (LAA) are used as examples to demonstrate the applicability of our approach. We also show how the modeling approach developed can be extended to the analysis of algorithms for handling service handoffs in the two-tier HLR–VLR architecture.
Evidence, Policy, Education, and Neuroscience—The State of Play in the UK

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, we give an overview of translational educational neuroscience (mind, brain, and education) in the United Kingdom. We consider the state of translation , describing respectively the state of the dialogue between researchers and educators, the state of evaluation of approaches to improve educational outcomes, and the state of innovation in research translation. We consider the teacher perspective . What do UK teachers think about educational neuroscience and its potential for informing classroom practice, and how do ideas about pedagogical approaches feature among their everyday concerns? We describe the results of a recent survey from a representative sample of over 1,000 UK teachers, and a case study of a UK high school teacher who employs educational neuroscience in his practice and what this entails. Lastly, we consider the policy perspective and assess the recent move by the UK government to introduce knowledge of cognitive science into initial and early‐career teacher training.
Means to Optimize the Nutritional Properties of Starch in Potato Products - Impact on glycaemia, satiety and resistant starch content

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The effects of helper T-cell clone supernatants on resting human B cells were investigated. Four different helper T-cell clones (two T4+ and two T8+) were stimulated by anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies on Sepharose beads or anti-T11(2) plus anti-T11(3) monoclonal antibodies. The supernatants from these activated clones induced the proliferation of highly purified resting B lymphocytes from the peripheral blood. The B cells exhibited a cell size and a surface-antigen pattern (4F2 antigen and transferrin receptor) of phase G0 B cells, and they were functionally resting. In response to T-cell supernatants a large fraction of the B cells enlarged and expressed 4F2 antigens and transferrin receptors. In gel filtration, the corresponding activity migrated with an apparent Mr of 12,000-15,000. Our findings strongly support the existence of a human B-cell-activating factor acting on resting B cells and causing them to enter phase G1 of the cell cycle.
THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN NIGERIA, LOCATION & CAPACITY, PERFORMANCE AND PRESENT STATUS (PART A)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This survey research paper, titled "Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance, and Present Status (Part A)" focuses on five major thermal power plants in Nigeria. Noticeably, electric power is a significant challenge for the industrial growth of a developing country. Rural areas often lack access to generated power. The major plants discussed include Egbin Thermal Power Plant (Lagos State), Alaoji Thermal Power Plant (Abia State), Afam Thermal Power Plant (Rivers State), Ughelli Delta Thermal Power Plant (Delta State), and Olorunsogo Power Plant (Ogun State), all located in the south-west part of Nigeria near gas pipelines. The article aims to extract data and information from various sources herein to provide insights into the generation capacity, location, and performance of these power plants. Ownership varies, with some power plants government-owned and others operating as public-private partnerships under NIPP, etc. The generation capacity may differ due to ongoing efforts to increase capacity as the case may be. Thus, the overview of these major thermal power plants in Nigeria is presented in tables, detailing installation year, commission, and current generation capacity. Subsequently, Part B will present other major thermal power plants in Nigeria, covering their status, ownership, and operational capacity.
Exploring the Impact of Systems Architecture and Systems Requirements on Systems Integration Complexity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The need to perform faster systems integration of complex systems require the architect and design team to understand how the selected architecture and design components will impact the systems integration processes complexity (or difficulty). Systems integration process complexity is an outcome of the interaction between degree of feasibility and level of effort required to understand, describe, implement, manage, and document the systems integration process for a given system development and operational environment. This paper analyzes the cause-and-effect relationships between the system requirements, architecture and the systems integration processes complexity. In order to address systems integration issues upfront in the design phase it is necessary to determine if the architecture and design of components, subsystems, processes, and interfaces impacts (and to what extent) systems integration process complexity. This paper also defines and analyzes the impact of the different system architecture and requirements factors on systems integration process complexity. A research framework is developed to understand the cause-and-effect relationships between system requirements, architecture, and integration process. Finally, the paper proposes recommendations based on the causality results. These conclusions are based on research undertaken by the authors on eight development projects in the government sector.
Elevated adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate levels in human macrophages following their interaction with Salmonella typhimurium.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms by which salmonella species establish themselves as facultative intracellular parasites are incompletely understood. Salmonella typhimurium, strain TML, has been shown to elevate adenosine cyclic 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in rabbit ileum. Since pharmacological elevation of cAMP content is inhibitory to many phagocytic cell functions, we sought to determine if S. typhimurium strain TML would induce elevation of cAMP in human monocyte-derived macrophages and thereby establish itself as a facultative intracellular organism. S. typhimurium strain SL does not affect cAMP levels in the rabbit ileum and served as a control organism. Both strains were used to infect human macrophages and the cAMP content of the macrophages measured by radioimmunoassay. Macrophages infected with strain TML had significantly (P<0.025) higher levels of cAMP at 4, 10 and 24 hr after infection, 19.3±2.5, 17.6±2.4 and 15.4±1.7 pmol per mg protein respectively, than either uninfected macrophages or macrophages infected with strain SL. The cAMP content of SL-infected macrophages did not differ from that of uninfected macrophages. Quantification of intracellular bacteria over 48 hr revealed that strains TML and SL were ingested and killed to the same degree. Furthermore, the 7–10 day old human macrophages used in this study eliminated over 99% of the ingested organisms within 24 hr. Thus, S. typhimurium TML was capable of inducing significant and sustained elevation of cAMP within human macrophages but was not capable of survival within this cell under the in vitro conditions of this study.
Carbon-Free, Binder-Free MnO2@Mn Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Reasonable design and feasible preparation of low-cost and stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with excellent performance play a key role in the development of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. A 3D porous superimposed nanosheet catalyst composed of metal manganese covered with MnO2 nanofilms (P-NS-MnO2@Mn) was designed and synthesized by rotating disk electrodes (RDEs) through one-step electrodeposition. The catalyst contains no carbon material. Therefore, the oxidation and corrosion of the carbon material during use can be avoided, resulting in excellent stability. The structural and composition characterizations indicate that the nanosheets with sharp edges exist on the surface of the wall surrounding the macropore (diameter ∼ 5.07 μm) and they connect tightly. Both the nanosheets and the wall of the macropore are composed of metal manganese covered completely with MnO2 film with a thickness of less than 5 nm. The half-wave potential of the synthesized P-NS-MnO2@Mn catalyst is 0.86 V. Besides, the catalyst exhibits good stability with almost no decay after a 30 h chronoamperometric test. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulation reveals the high local electric field intensity surrounding the sharp edges of the nanosheets. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the novel nanosheet structure composed of MnO2 nanofilms covered on the surface of the Mn matrix accelerates the electronic transfer of the MnO2 nanofilms during the ORR process. The high local electric field intensity near the sharp edge of the nanosheets effectively promotes the orbital hybridization and strengthens the adsorbing Mn-O bond between the active site Mn in the nanosheets and the intermediate OOH* during the ORR process. This study provides a new strategy for preparing transition metal oxide catalysts and a novel idea about the key factors affecting the catalytic activity of transition metal oxides for the ORR.
Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the scrotum following vasectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a congenital lymphatic hamartoma and rarely occurs in the male genital organs. Here we report a case of acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum of scrotum following vasectomy, which has not been reported till date. High clinical suspicion index is the clue to the clinician for diagnosis; histopathological confirmation and adequate surgical excision with deep lymphatic cisterns give the best result.
Urban agriculture promotes sustainable livelihoods in Cape Town

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban agriculture has long been endorsed as a means to promote food security and economic wellbeing in African cities. However, the South African context presents mixed results. In order to establish the contributions of urban agriculture to sustainable livelihoods, the sustainable livelihoods framework is applied to a case study on cultivators from Cape Town’s Cape Flats. This study contributes to the empirical literature on urban agriculture by providing a deeper understanding of the benefits cultivators themselves attribute to urban agriculture. The key finding is that cultivators use urban agriculture in highly complex ways to build sustainable livelihoods. NGOs are central to this process. Distrust, crime and a lack of resources are, however, limiting factors. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to support pro-poor urban agriculture in African urban centres.
Autoimmune Neurology of the Central Nervous System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnosis of an autoimmune neurologic disorder is aided by the detection of an objective neurologic deficit (usually subacute in onset with a fluctuating course), the presence of a neural autoantibody, and improvement in the neurologic status after a course of immunotherapy. Neural autoantibodies should raise concern for a paraneoplastic etiology and may inform a targeted oncologic evaluation (eg, N-methyl-D-aspartate [NMDA] receptor antibodies are associated with teratoma, antineuronal nuclear antibody type 1 [ANNA-1, or anti-Hu] are associated with small cell lung cancer). MRI, EEG, functional imaging, videotaped evaluations, and neuropsychological evaluations provide objective evidence of neurologic dysfunction by which the success of immunotherapy may be measured. Most treatment information emanates from retrospective case series and expert opinion. Nonetheless, early intervention may allow reversal of deficits in many patients and prevention of future disability.
Emerging Impact of Chinese Commodity Futures Market on Domestic and Global Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we construct a set of indices that capture the special features of the Chinese commodity futures market for the period from January 2000 to December 2011 to analyze the general properties of China's commodity futures market. Using these indices we investigate the risk premiums of Chinese commodity futures and verify that the commodity futures can act as an effective diversification tool for Chinese asset management. It is found that the commodity futures can hedge both expected and unexpected inflation in China, and agricultural commodity futures are found to signal inflation 2 months beforehand. Finally, we explore the relationship between Chinese and US commodity futures markets in the years 2000 and 2010, and find that their interactions strengthen over time. Our research reveals an increasingly important role of the Chinese commodity futures market in both the domestic and the global economy. Some policy changes are suggested in response to this trend.
Analysis of Basic Vocalizations of the Ranch Mink

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Analysis of Basic Vocalizations of the Ranch Mink Get access Frederick F. Gilbert Frederick F. Gilbert Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (present address: 234 Forest Resources Bldg., University of Maine, Orono, 04473) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 50, Issue 3, 22 August 1969, Pages 625–627, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378797 Published: 22 August 1969 Article history Accepted: 26 February 1969 Published: 22 August 1969
Investigation on population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci and its overwintering in cucumber planted field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The population dynamics of B. tabaci on cucumber plants in different seasons and its overwintering were investigated and analysed. The results indicated that there was significantly positive relationship between temperature and the increasing number of B. tabaci. The higher the temperature, the bigger the number of B. tabaci. The regression models describing the relationship among the increasing number of B. tabaci adult per day (Y_1), the increasing total number of B. tabaci egg, nymph and pupa per day (Y_2) and average temperature (X_1), average humidity (X_2) were: Y_1=2.28X_1-67.04X_2-0.02, Y_2=0.60X_1-17.09X_2-0.03. In south China, B.tabaci could survive during winter in open vegetable field, and its most favorite host plant was tomato, the next one was weed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of 6,8‐Dimethoxy‐3‐methylisocoumarin, a Fungal Metabolite Precursor.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis of the title compound (IX) starts with the Perkin condensation of 3,5‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde (I) with propionic anhydride (II), followed by catalytic reduction of the cinnamic acid derivative (IV).
Study on English Translation Skills from a Cross Cultural Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores English translation techniques from a cross-cultural perspective, and conducts in-depth analysis from cultural differences, language habits and expressions, homophones, idioms, and cultural metaphors. It reveals the complexity and importance of cross-cultural translation and proposes corresponding translation strategies and techniques. Combined with practical case analysis, it highlights the cross-cultural challenges and solutions in advertising translation and interpretation.
The cheilostomatous genera of Alcide d’Orbigny – nomenclatural and taxonomic status

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The scientific accomplishments of Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny (1802-1857) were truly remarkable. He worked tirelessly, contributing to a number of disciplines, and it seems likely that stress from the pressure of work, travel, and rivalries contributed to a heart condition, implicated in his untimely death at the age of 54. His life's work, reviewed in a volume published in the bicentennial year commemorating his birth (Taquet 2002), included compendious taxonomic descriptions and/or diagnoses and illustrations of fossil and living Bryozoa. d'Orbigny's paleontological collection largely survives and is located in the Salle d'Orbigny, Laboratoire de Paléontologie du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Lauriat-Rage 2002). In the context of revising the bryozoan part of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, we examined the d'Orbigny Collection in 2001. All available nominal type specimens of d'Orbigny's genera, Recent and fossil, were borrowed and imaged using environmental SEM by PDT before being returned to Paris. This Treatise-related work and the results of electron microscopy will be made available on a website that is under development (https://www.nhm.ac.uk/palaeontology/dorbigny/). Taylor & Gordon (2002) gave anoverview of all of d'Orbigny's publications dealing with Bryozoa, published in the 14-year period between 1841 and 1854. In these works, d'Orbigny introduced approximately 203 new genera and 1141 new species, predominantly Cretaceous (d'Orbigny 1851-54), but also including Recent taxa (d'Orbigny 1841-47).
EP246 The Relationship Between Follow-up Appointment Attendance and Functional Outcomes after Hip Arthroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Scheduled follow-up appointments are a vital element of monitoring patient progress and outcomes. However, failure to attend follow-up (FU) appointments continues to be a regular problem in orthopaedics. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between FU appointment attendance and functional outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted with patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for symptomatic labral tears secondary to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between 2014-2024. FU attendance after suture removal was used to categorize patients into two cohorts based on if they attended all standard FU appointments (AA) or missed at least 1 FU appointment (MAO) at 3-, 6-, or 12-months. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS–Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), 33-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33), and patient satisfaction. Results Overall, 120 hips (57.5% female) met inclusion criteria with 60 hips (age, 36.7±11.4) in the AA cohort versus 60 hips in the MAO (age, 36.6±11.4) cohort. Both groups had similar baseline PROMs and patient demographics. At all timepoints, PROMs were similar (P&gt;0.05) with the exception of mHHS at 12-months (MAO: 88.7±11.3, AA: 84.1±12.8, P=0.039). Multivariate linear regression model analyses showed no differences after adjusting for cohort, distance from clinic, sex, and age for all PROMs. When examining clinically meaningful outcomes, the MAO cohort had a higher rate of patients achieving patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) compared to those in the AA cohort for the mHHS scale (P=0.044 for both). Conclusion Patients who missed at least 1 FU appointment achieved similar improvements in functional outcomes compared to those who attended all. Both cohorts achieved MCID, PASS, and SCB at comparably high rates. These findings suggest that the decision to attend FU appointments is independent of functional outcomes. Additionally, those who are not attending all of their postoperative follow-up appointments may still achieve clinically meaningful outcomes.
MIZLANT 81 Data Report Results of an Oceanographic Cruise to the Greenland Sea, October - November 1981

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This report presents plots of property profiles for each of the 122 oceanographic stations occupied by the U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker over the continental shelf and slope waters off the east coast of Greenland in October & November 1981. A Neil Brown Mark III CTD was used to obtain temperature and salinity profiles to the sea floor in shallow water and at least to 600m in deeper water. In addition to temperature and salinity profiles, plots of sound speed and density (sigma-t) are shown.
The Life Values of Rural School Students in Uzbekistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I was prompted to write down these observations by the results of sociological surveys which, to a considerable extent, turned out to be unexpected. As is well known, certain questions are sacred to any sociologist: Just what is he measuring in surveys of this sort, ideologically sanctioned values (the level to which they have been assimilated by the respondents), or actual motives of activity?