jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of rainstorm weather on urban road capacity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rainstorm weather seriously affects the operation of urban traffic, and the surface gathered water and its obstruction to vision lead to a decrease of road capacity. Based on the weather data and coil detector data in Shenzhen, this study compared the urban traffic flow characteristics under rainstorm, light rain, moderate rain and normal weather conditions, and their flow-density relationships were analyzed based on the Green-shields model. Moreover, the road capacity reduction coefficients for urban arterial and sub arterial roads were quantitative calculated respectively. The results can provide theoretical support for the emergency management of urban traffic operation under rainstorm weather.
Diabetes mellitus and infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Diabetes mellitus and infection Get access J G Larkin, J G Larkin Diabetic Departments, Western Infirmary and Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B M Frier, B M Frier Diabetic Departments, Western Infirmary and Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J T Ireland J T Ireland Diabetic Departments, Western Infirmary and Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK Correspondence: J.T. Ireland, Southern General HospitaL Glasgow GSl 4TF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 61, Issue 713, March 1985, Pages 233–237, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.61.713.233 Published: 01 March 1985 Article history Received: 03 October 1984 Published: 01 March 1985
Diacylglycerol kinase control of protein kinase C

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) are lipid kinases that transform diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA) in a reaction that terminates DAG-based signals. DGK provide negative regulation to conventional and novel protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes, limiting local DAG availability in a tissue- and subcellular-restricted manner. Defects in the expression/activity of certain DGK isoforms contribute substantially to cognitive impairment and mental disorders. Abnormal DGK overexpression in tumors facilitates invasion and resistance to chemotherapy preventing tumor immune destruction by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Effective translation of these findings into therapeutic approaches demands a better knowledge of the physical and functional interactions between the DGK and PKC families. DGKζ is abundantly expressed in the nervous and immune system, where physically and functionally interacts with PKCα. The latest discoveries suggest that PDZ-mediated interaction facilitates spatial restriction of PKCα by DGKζ at the cell–cell contact sites in a mechanism where the two enzymes regulate each other. In T lymphocytes, DGKζ interaction with Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27) guarantees the basal control of PKCα activation. SNX27 is a trafficking component required for normal brain function whose deficit has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The enhanced PKCα activation as the result of SNX27 silencing in T lymphocytes aligns with the recent correlation found between gain-of-function PKCα mutations and AD and suggests that disruption of the mechanisms that provides a correct spatial organization of DGKζ and PKCα may lie at the basis of immune and neuronal synapse impairment.
Abstract 4141: Effects of exercise on tumorigenesis, immune system, and the gut microbiome in a bladder carcinogen mouse model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recent studies have begun to demonstrate the therapeutic capacity of physical exercise on cancer treatment outcomes. While this research suggests exercise may improve health in cancer patients, the specific mechanisms by which exercise influences tumor progression remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that exercise alters the gut microbiome and promotes immune cell activation in relevant immune sites. Therefore, we utilized BBN (N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine), a carcinogen that mimics human muscle invasive bladder cancer conditions, and voluntary exercise wheels to determine the effect of exercise on bladder carcinogenesis, gut microbiome, and the immune system. Ultrasound imaging revealed that the average tumor volume of female exercising mice was 11.9% of the total bladder volume at time of sacrifice, while the tumor volume of their non-exercising counterparts was 56.4%, a difference determined to be significant using a two-tailed t-test with p-value of 0.05. A similar trend was seen in male mice, though the difference between groups was not significant. Immune cell analysis did not show significant variation in cytotoxic T cell, helper T cell, macrophage, or dendritic cell populations between exercising and non-exercising mice in spleen, colon, or bladder tissues as measured by FACS. Standardization of the amount exercised, as evaluated by expression of myosin and actin levels in the tibialis anterior muscle, and sequencing of the gut microbiome are in progress and could better indicate the mechanism of exercise-induced tumor suppression. Citation Format: Joseph P. LaMorte, Brittany Tian, Rashida Ginwala, Laura Bukavina, Philip Abbosh. Effects of exercise on tumorigenesis, immune system, and the gut microbiome in a bladder carcinogen mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4141.
Biological characters of 13 introduced pear varieties in Zunyi region.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The growth vigor,shoot,leaf and flower characteristics,fruit economic character,phenophase response and fruit-bearing habit of 13 introduced pear varieties were investigated in Zunyi region from 2007 to 2009.The results showed that Lijing 47 was the best variety,Gold pear,Zaoxiangmi and Xiziqiu were the better varieties and Xin 2,Xin8,Lubaoshi and Zajiao 37 were good in comprehensive evaluation of biological character among 13 introduced varieties.
Learning to Play Foosball: System and Baselines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work stages Foosball as a versatile platform for advancing scientific\nresearch, particularly in the realm of robot learning. We present an automated\nFoosball table along with its corresponding simulated counterpart, showcasing a\ndiverse range of challenges through example tasks within the Foosball\nenvironment. Initial findings are shared using a simple baseline approach.\nFoosball constitutes a versatile learning environment with the potential to\nyield cutting-edge research in various fields of artificial intelligence and\nmachine learning, notably robust learning, while also extending its\napplicability to industrial robotics and automation setups. To transform our\nphysical Foosball table into a research-friendly system, we augmented it with a\n2 degrees of freedom kinematic chain to control the goalkeeper rod as an\ninitial setup with the intention to be extended to the full game as soon as\npossible. Our experiments reveal that a realistic simulation is essential for\nmastering complex robotic tasks, yet translating these accomplishments to the\nreal system remains challenging, often accompanied by a performance decline.\nThis emphasizes the critical importance of research in this direction. In this\nconcern, we spotlight the automated Foosball table as an invaluable tool,\npossessing numerous desirable attributes, to serve as a demanding learning\nenvironment for advancing robotics and automation research.\n
CHONDROITIN SULFATE AND GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE AS PROTECTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS IN THE ULCERATIVE COLITIS DSS MODEL IN RATS.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GlcN) are indicated for the treatment of some inflammatory diseases, such as osteoarthritis, mainly because of the anti-inflammatory effects in reducing metalloproteinases activities (MMP), and other inflammatory mediators. Herein, we reported the structure of the CS, the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of the CS, and GlcN administration in ulcerative colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. Experimental data indicated that CS disaccharide composition is very similar to the C4S standard, with modal molecular weight at 30.4 kDa. Orally administration of the CS/GlcN improved the severity of acute colitis with reduction the histological score and goblet cells destruction. We also observed a decreasing in NO production, myeloperoxidase and MMP, especially MMP-9, activities. Moreover, CS/GlcN not cytotoxic in the intestinal epithelial cells. These results indicate that combination CS/GlcN showed improvements in intestinal inflammation and protection intestinal barrier, suggesting CS/GlcN might have beneficial effects in treatment of IBD.
General multilevel adaptations for stochastic approximation algorithms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article we present and analyse new multilevel adaptations of stochastic approximation algorithms for the computation of a zero of a function $f\colon D \to \mathbb R^d$ defined on a convex domain $D\subset \mathbb R^d$, which is given as a parameterised family of expectations. Our approach is universal in the sense that having multilevel implementations for a particular application at hand it is straightforward to implement the corresponding stochastic approximation algorithm. Moreover, previous research on multilevel Monte Carlo can be incorporated in a natural way. This is due to the fact that the analysis of the error and the computational cost of our method is based on similar assumptions as used in Giles (2008) for the computation of a single expectation. Additionally, we essentially only require that $f$ satisfies a classical contraction property from stochastic approximation theory. Under these assumptions we establish error bounds in $p$-th mean for our multilevel Robbins-Monro and Polyak-Ruppert schemes that decay in the computational time as fast as the classical error bounds for multilevel Monte Carlo approximations of single expectations known from Giles (2008).
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GEAR RATIO SELECTION ALGORITHMS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL AND PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVETRAINS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Road vehicles using electric power sources have become\nincreasingly popular in the last decade. Meanwhile,\nbattery technology is still not mature enough to meet expected vehicle range; thus\nthe transition from ICE vehicle to fully electric vehicle is not imminent.\nTherefore the concept of hybrid drivetrain technology was introduced. The\nhybrid powertrain configuration includes at least two different energy\nconverters together with an energy storage medium. In this article, different\ngear shifting algorithms were introduced to increase ICE efficiency in\nconventional vehicle. Besides, a parallel hybrid configuration was also\nintroduced to enhance drivetrain efficiency. The Equivalent Energy Minimization\nMethod (ECMS) and Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithms were selected as online\nand offline implementable optimal control methods for hybrid power sharing\nmanagement. Totally six different case studies were planned to compare the\nefficiency of each configuration. Finally, the effect of the gear ratio\nselection and power split algorithms were compared on conventional and parallel\nhybrid drivetrains regarding overall efficiency.
Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To clarify risk factors for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) we selected at random 785 homosexual men who had participated in studies of hepatitis B in San Francisco in 1978-80 for a follow-up study of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Although most had not been contacted in over five years, 492 (63 per cent) were located and enrolled. The 240 (67 per cent) who had developed antibodies to HIV, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were compared with 119 who had remained seronegative. In multivariate analyses, receptive anal intercourse with ejaculation by nonsteady sexual partners, many sexual partners per month, and other indicators of high levels of sexual activity were highly associated with seroconversions. None of the sexual practices that we studied appeared to offer protection against HIV infection.
Human breast milk fortification with human milk fortifier vs preterm infant formula: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The limited availability and high cost of human milk fortifier (HMF) in developing countries represent significant challenges. Preterm formula (PTF) fortification of breast milk is a potential alternative, but its safety and impact on growth are still uncertain. This study compares the safety and effect of breast milk fortification with PTF versus HMF on growth velocity in very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods A thorough literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Europe PMC databases up to March 24, 2024. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying fortifying breast milk with PTF or HMF were identified and their quality assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Statistical analysis was performed in Review Manager Web, and certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results Six RCTs were included, of which one exhibited low bias risk, three had moderate concerns, and two were classed as high risk. The six RCTs, involving 434 preterm infants, revealed no significant differences in the gain of weight (SMD 0, 95% CI −0.19 to 0.19), length (MD −0.01 cm/wk, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.05), or head circumference (MD −0.01 cm/wk, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.04) between PTF and HMF. There were comparable risks of morbidities. Conclusion Very low certainty evidence suggests that breast milk fortification with PTF may be a safe alternative to HMF, with similar safety profiles and effects on growth.
A Social Profile on a Sample of Obese Adults in Baghdad City

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Obesity should be recognized as a primary medical condition that is progressive, chronic and relaps-ing. Simply, obesity refers to an excess of body fat or adi-posity. The aim of this study is to explore some variables of social aspect of Iraqi obese. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four medical centers in Baghdad city from 15th October 2002 through February 2003. A sample of (400) adult obese aged (20-60)years of both sexes with inclusion and exclu-sion criteria was studied. A socio-demography data were collected by direct interview technique. Height and weight were measured, Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and subject of 30kg/m2 and more were considered as obese. Obese were classified into three classes. Results: The peak of obesity (34%) was found at age (40-49) years. BMI distribution significantly associated with educational level of male but not of female. Marital state showed significant relationship with different classes of obesity for female but not for male. Obesity has no sig-nificant association with social relationships. The feeling of social acceptance was strongly associated with the de-gree of obesity. There was a significant difference between both sexes in their trials for dieting. Conclusion: Both sexes of different age groups are affected with increased prevalence in middle age group. Obese have ordinary social relationship with others and a normal sexual relationship with partners. The obese con-sider obesity as being unwanted or dangerous status, still their trials to lose weight are not convincing. There are many barriers for not exercising in Iraqi obese.
Recovery from Presumed Subacute Inclusion-body Encephalitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 17-year-old boy was sent home from school on 14 June 1963 complaining of tiredness, loss of appetite, and a sore throat.He developed a generalized headache and drowsiness, and in the next few days exhibited severe behaviour disturbances, notably swearing, saying and doing inappropriate things, and being restless and totally disorientated.These symptoms led to his admission to a psychiatric unit, where physical examination disclosed no neurological signs, but an E.E.G. showed a doubtful focus in the right posterior temporal region.On 22 June, after an injection of methedrine, he had a major epileptic seizure followed by status epilepticus, which was controlled with paraldehyde and barbiturates.
AN INTERESTING CASE SERIES OF SMA VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY IN BEHCETS SYNDROME PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Behcets disease is DEFINED as an auto-inflammatory systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by mucocutaneous manifestations, including recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, ocular manifestations, especially chronic relapsing uveitis, and systemic vasculitis involving arteries and veins of all sizes. Behcets disease usually affects young adults 20 to 40 years of age and is also seen in children less frequently.Both genders are equally affected by the disease although slight male preponderance is seen in japan[7] .we would like report a rare case series on Behcets aka silk road disease presenting in a 16 year old female complicated with SMA vascular insufficiency
Endosymbiotic purple non-sulphur bacteria in an anaerobic ciliated protozoon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The marine ciliate Strombidium purpureum Kahl harbours endosymbiotic purple non-sulphur bacteria. The bacteria contain bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoid spirilloxanthin, and they have photosynthetic membranes and cell walls. The ciliates require light for survival and growth under anaerobic conditions; in the dark the cells prefer microaerobic conditions. The ciliates show a photosensory behaviour, and they accumulate in light at wave lenghts corresponding to the absorption spectrum of the symbionts. The findings are discussed in terms of theories on the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria.
Inter-limb asymmetries and sports performance: from assessment to the application of a sport-specific iso-inertial resistance training in young athletes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The asymmetries detected in the different multi-directional sports vary in magnitude depending on the test selected. Furthermore, in the individual analysis of the different tests administered, it was observed that athlete’s lower limb preferences depended on the test. Greater asymmetries were detected in the vertical jump test, the CODD variable, and the change of direction with inertial resistance test in multidirectional sports. The change of direction with inertial resistance test also enabled us to detect asymmetries in actions that approximate the actual sport. Moreover, the results showed that asymmetries have a negative impact on performance of the jump and the change of direction, and on speed in the linear sprint and the capacity to repeat the change of direction. Last, we were able to observe that iso-inertial training results in greater adaptations in performance and larger reductions in asymmetries than conventional cable-resistance training. We can also affirm that positive adaptations in performance caused by resistance training are not necessarily associated with reduced asymmetries
Assessment of technology for the liquefaction of coal: summary

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Scale-up of the most promising solvent extraction process (Exxon) and the most promising direct catalytic coal-oil-slurry hydrogenation process (H-Coal) should be carried forward expeditiously at a scale of 250 to 600 tons per day. The construction of demonstration plants for other liquefaction processes should not be considered until small scale and pilot plant results have demonstrated substantial advantages over the Exxon and H-Coal processes. A vigorous effort should be made to reduce the size of the equipment for process development. As much work as possible should be carried out on the bench scale. Pilot plants should not be larger than 1 to 5 tons per day. Process demonstration should be carried out on units not larger than 250 to 600 tons per day. Solid separation techniques including improved filtration, distillation, and solvent precipitation should be vigorously investigated to identify the best approach. Besides these three, there are 7 other recommendations and 17 conclusions on which the recommendations are based.
Recommendations to Safeguard Reconstructive Microsurgeons Performing High-risk Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary: An unprecedented number of health care providers have been infected and many have died during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reconstructive microsurgeons from different surgical backgrounds often are involved in the care of known COVID-19 and high-risk patients. The need for a magnification loupe/microscope makes it difficult for them to wear recommended personal protection equipment, increasing the risk of exposure. Although advanced technologies are available, they have not been exploited effectively. To date, no safety guidelines are available for safe reconstructive microsurgical procedures in high-risk operations/known COVID-19 patients—particularly, to address operations risk and COVID-19 status of the patients, who would operate, how many should be involved, how to equip the surgeons for the procedure, when to operate as the procedure unfolds, how to adapt surgical techniques to reduce exposure risk, and can advanced technology be used to minimize exposure. A set of safety recommendations were thus developed based on literature review and firsthand knowledge of safety procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current understanding of COVID-19 virology can optimize surgical team buildup and dynamics. Operating smaller teams (in a sequential style), minimizing the use of aerosols-generating devices, and modifying surgical plan and flap selection could aid in diminishing the risk of exposure and in conserving resources. Modifications in loupes design, and the combined wear of surgical mask and N95 respirators, and efficient use of “buddy system” could aid in protecting surgeons during donning and doffing. “Remote operating” is a novel concept of using a surgical robot to maximize surgeons’ safety during COVID-19 pandemic.
The volatile oil of Calamintha nepeta (L.) savi subsp. glandulosa (req.) P. W. Ball, endemic to Greece

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The analysis by capillary GC and GC–MS of the volatile oil of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) P.W. Ball, endemic to Greece, showed the presence of at least 46 components, of which 31 were identified, corresponding to 98% of the total. The major components were found to be the two diastereoisomers of piperitone oxide (55%) and β‐bisabolene (8.5%).