jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of gp160 and CD4 maturation in U937 cells after both defective and productive infections by human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our results demonstrate that the formation of intracellular complexes between the envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and CD4 is a major event, leading to the disappearance of CD4 at the cell surface of infected U937 cells. Using both productively and defectively infected clones of U937 cells, we assessed the effect of CD4-gp160 intracellular association on the maturation of both proteins. Pulse-chase labeling followed by sequential immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the processing of both free and associated CD4 and gp160, and the results showed that the trimming, proteolytic cleavage, and degradation of gp160 were completely abrogated after intracellular binding to CD4. Similarly, the maturation process which normally transforms 80% of CD4 to a partially endoglycosidase H-resistant species was also impaired subsequent to the formation of these complexes. A comparison of gp160 maturation either in free form or as a CD4 complex revealed that neither inefficient transport nor degradation of gp160 can account for the observed blockage of CD4 maturation. Moreover, this impairment was independent of gp120 and gp41, since a defective clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells, unable to cleave gp160, showed binding of CD4 and inhibition of CD4 transport and maturation with the same efficiency as occurred in productively infected cells. Expression of gp160 is thus necessary and sufficient to cause CD4 receptor down-modulation for both productively and defectively infected cells.
Survival from paraquat induced renal impairment in a 17 years old male

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

N, N’-dimethyl-4, 4’-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat) is a herbicide commonly used in India that leads to fatal outcome on ingestion. Paraquat interferes in the intracellular electron transfer systems inhibiting the reduction of NADP to NADPH resulting in accumulation of superoxide radical causing lipid cell membranes destruction leading to various organ damage. Life threatening effects such as acute kidney injury as paraquat elimination is mainly by kidney, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure are the causes of mortality in paraquat poisoning. There is no specific antidotes for paraquat poisoning so prevention and aggressive decontamination remains the mainstay of management in case of exposure or ingestion. Paraquat poisoning presentation may vary in cases depending on the amount of paraquat consumed and thus the outcome. Here we report a case of a 17 years old male who presented with acute kidney injury following ingestion of paraquat in a suicidal attempt. In our case, induced vomiting of the stomach content readily after ingestion of the poison, early haemodialysis, use of immunosuppression such as methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and antioxidants such as acetylcysteine, Vitamin C and Vitamin E as free radical scavenging agent , supportive measures such as adequate hydration and antibiotics might have helped in the patient’s survival. The case fatality remains very high in paraquat poisoning till date owing to lack of effective treatment options.
Grounding the Computational Principles of Language in Neurobiology Requires Cross-Modal and Cross-Linguistic Data

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Murphy’s discussion (2025) of his recent ROSE model includes explicit linking hypotheses connecting computational, algorithmic, and implementational levels in the study of language and its neurobiological basis. Here, I argue that establishing the neural basis of the abstract principles underlying natural language syntax will require new data from sign languages, tactile sign languages, as well as typologically diverse spoken languages. The assumption of modality-independent processes for structure building lies at the heart of ROSE, but the proposed correlates for hierarchical and sequential operations must be subjected to empirical test across languages and modalities in the future.
Evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score Using Electroencephalogram Signals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive electrophysiological monitoring method used for evaluation of electrical activity in the brain. EEG analysis is a useful tool for continuous measurement of neurological function. Evaluation of the patient's state of consciousness is important for neurological evaluation. Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) is the most used system in the evaluation of coma status in intensive care units. The examination of eye movements, motor response and verbal response from neurological functions results in the decision of GCS. GCS provides information about the patient's state of consciousness but is not a complete neurological assessment tool. GCS is not a reliable and adequate method for inexperienced users. In this study, EEG signals were obtained from 34 coma patients. Feature extraction was performed from the recorded EEG signals in different stages (resting and auditory stimulus) using the Power Spectral Density method. It is aimed to classify consciousness levels (GCS levels) successfully with EEG signals using various classification methods. As a result, consciousness levels were classified with 92.5% accuracy as a first study in the literature.
Implementation and Performance Analysis of Digital Controllers for Brushless DC Motor Drives

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents design and digital implementation of a fuzzy controller for achieving improved performance of Brushless dc (BLDC) servomotor drive. The performance of fuzzy and PID controller-based BLDC servomotor drives is investigated under different operating conditions such as change in reference speed, parameter variations, load disturbance, etc. BLDC servomotors are used in aerospace, instrumentation systems, space vehicles, electric vehicles, robotics, and industrial control applications. In such applications, conventional controllers like P, PI, and PID are being used with the BLDC servomotor drive control systems to achieve satisfactory transient and steady-state responses. However, the major problem associated with the conventional PID controller is that the tuned gain parameters obtained for such BLDC servomotor drive control systems do not yield better transient and steady-state responses under different operating conditions such as parameter variations, load disturbances, etc. In this paper, design and implementation of fuzzy controller is presented and its performance is compared with PID controller to show its capability to track the error and usefulness of fuzzy controller in control applications.
Derivative Estimates from Simulation of Continuous-Time Markov Chains

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Countable-state, continuous-time Markov chains are often analyzed through simulation when simple analytical expressions are unavailable. Simulation is typically used to estimate costs or performance measures associated with the chain and also characteristics like state probabilities and mean passage times. Here we consider the problem of estimating derivatives of these types of quantities with respect to a parameter of the process. In particular, we consider the case where some or all transition rates depend on a parameter. We derive derivative estimates of the infinitesimal perturbation analysis type for Markov chains satisfying a simple condition, and argue that the condition has significant scope. The unbiasedness of these estimates may be surprising—a “naive” estimator would fail in our setting. What makes our estimates work is a special construction of specially structured parameteric families of Markov chains. In addition to proving unbiasedness, we consider a variance reduction technique and make comparisions with derivative estimates based on likelihood ratios.
A Question Answering-Based Framework for One-Step Event Argument Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Event argument extraction, which aims to identify arguments of specific events and label their roles, is a challenging subtask of event extraction. Previous approaches solve this problem in a two-stage manner that first extracts named entities as argument candidates and then determines their roles. However, many nested entities may be missed or wrongly predicted during the argument candidate extraction procedure, which substantially affects the performance of the downstream classifier. In this paper, we propose a novel one-step question answering based framework, which performs argument candidate extraction and argument role classification simultaneously to mitigate the error propagation problem in conventional two-stage methods. Since the conventional question answering based framework cannot be applied directly to this task, we design a Question Answering based Sequence Labeling (QA-SL) model to tackle inexistent argument roles and multiple argument token spans. Moreover, considering the overwhelming number of parameters in question answering based neural network models and the relatively small size of event extraction corpus, we fine-tune the pre-trained model from BERT to mitigate the data scarcity problem. Extensive experiments demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method, leading to a competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to cast event argument extraction as a question answering task.
The Shi Lang, a vehicle for regional change?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a succession of disclosures over the summer of 2011, the People's Republic of China acknowledged the near completion of its first aircraft carrier and the initiation of a carrier building program. These revelations have come at a time of increased tension in the South China Sea on top of the wider worries in the region concerning China's overly assertive stance and the pace of its military modernization. This perspective will examine why the status of the vessel and the program have now been made public, in addition to surveying the wider implications this upgrade to Chinese maritime capabilities will have on the stability of the region over the coming years. However, this paper concludes that there is, at present, no reason for the sensationalism nor the threat‐mongering seen in many media outlets, of late. Hastily drawn conclusions based primarily on realpolitik fail to understand the nuances of this issue.
Results of radiological hip dysplasia monitoring in Tornjak breed

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this retrospective study was to show the prevalence of hip dysplasia (HD) in the indigenous dog breed Bosnian and Herzegovinian - Croatian Shepherd Dog (Tornjak) in the period from 2001 to 2016. A total of 735 radiographs were evaluated according to the FCI protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) software. Significant differences between categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test. The median value of age of examined dogs was 18 (13.8-26.0) months, with majority of dogs (523) under 24 months. In the overall examined population 74.97% of hip radiographs were interpreted as healthy (grades A and B) and 25.03% were interpreted as dysplastic (grades C, D and E). In dogs under 24 months of age, the most common age for HD survey, 76.86 % was interpreted as healthy and 23.14% as dysplastic. Comparing the frequency of diagnosed HD according to the breeding licence during the 15 years period there was a statistically significant increase in dogs with HD grades A, B, C, D and a decrease in dogs with grade HD E restricted for further breeding (P
Energy use in the production of unrefi ned sugar in Colombia (exergy analysis)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study is to determine how energy resources are used in the production of unrefi ned sugar in Colombia. To do this, measurements were carried out in eight sugar mills that represent the typical production processes for unrefi ned sugar. These data were used to obtain fi rst and second law balances, which were then used to calculate effi ciencies and some energy use indicators. By comparing the mills it was found that technological improvements enable energy effi ciency to be increased to acceptable levels due to better combustion processes and reductions in energy losses from exhaust gases and heat transfer to the walls. The effect of these improvements in second law effi ciency is not signifi cant, which suggests that cogeneration systems should be implemented in large-scale production processes in order to make a better use of the energy resources.
Studies of Adsorption on the Anionic Surface of $SiO_2$ by Cationic Modified Starches

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The adsorption characteristics of cationic starches and starch-oligomers were investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The adsorbed amount of modified starches was higher than that of cationic surfactants such as trimethylammonium bromide. Cationic starches did not show the tendency depending on the degree of cationic substitution and molecular weight. On the other hand, the softness of the adsorption layer increased with the molecular weight of cationic starches in a viscoelasticity terms. During the adsorption/desorption steps, the amount of adsorbed cationic surfactants was 4~9 times. On the other hand, the difference in the amount of adsorption of all the grafted cationic starches was just 0~50%. In addition, the rigidity of the adsorption layer of cationic surfactant in the desorption step decreased, while, that of cationic starches increased at the same condition.
Per unit modeling of wind energy conversion system based on PMSG

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents per unit modeling of variable speed wind energy conversion system utilizing Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The per unit representation enables comparison of different sizes of the system independent on system size. The PMSG is integrated to the grid via a full scale back-to-back converter to suit the grid frequency and voltage also to control the reactive power compensation. This paper compares 1 kW and 2 MW wind turbine systems performance at different operating conditions to verify the presented model.
Investigation of Work-Life Quality and Work-Family Conflict of Nurses Working in Shifts in Terms of Some Variables

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Aim: This research aimed to determine the work-life quality and work-family conflict of nurses working in shifts. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 507 nurses working in a university hospital who volunteered to participate in the study, where 735 nurses were employed. Data were collected via an online questionnaire consisting of three parts. The questionnaire was formed by using the 'Self Description Form, Work-Family Conflict Scale, and Quality of Work Life Scale.' Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey test were used in data analysis. Eta squared (η2) and Cohen (d) coefficients were used to calculate the effect size. Results: 74% of the nurses hold a bachelor's degree, 52% are married, and 90,1% work shifts. The study findings specified that the average score of the nurses' Quality of Work Life Scale was 28.578+-5.700. The study findings specified that the average score of the nurses' Work Family Conflict Scale is 20,282+-2,909. It was determined that burnout increased the level of work-family conflict (ß=0,14). The Work-Family Conflict Scale scores of the nurses were related to the clinics where the nurses worked (F=2,807; p<0,05; η2=0,027). Conclusion: It was concluded that as age and working time in nursing ascend, the rate of occupational satisfaction increases. Female nurses' burnout, compassion fatigue, and occupational satisfaction are higher than male nurses. Shift pattern increases work-family conflict and burnout. It is recommended that nurses with high burnout and work-family conflict rates should be provided with psychological support, and working hours should be arranged to increase performance and reduce burnout and work-family conflict.
Decreased anterior cingulate activation in a motor task in youths with bipolar disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Bipolar disorder (BP) is characterized by abnormal shifts in mood between episodes of mania and severe depression, both of which have been linked with psychomotor disturbances. This study compares brain activation patterns in motor networks between euthymic youths with BP and healthy controls (HC) during the completion of a simple motor task. Methods Thirty‐five youths with BP and 35 HC (aged 10–19) completed a self‐paced sequential bilateral finger‐tapping task, consisting of a 4‐minute scan block with alternating 20‐second periods of either the tapping task (six blocks) or rest (six blocks), while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A between‐group whole‐brain analysis compared activation pattern differences while controlling for effects of age and sex. Clusters meeting whole‐brain false discovery rate (FDR) correction ( qFDR < .05) were considered statistically significant. Post hoc analyses evaluating comorbid attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the BP group were also conducted. Results Significantly decreased activation was found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in youths with BP compared to HC. Furthermore, ACC activation was negatively correlated with CBCL mood dysregulation profile scores in the BP group. No significant differences in functional activation patterns were found between youths with BP and comorbid ADHD and those with only BP. Conclusions These findings suggest a potential common mechanism of impaired ACC modulation between emotion dysregulation and motor processing in youths with BP.
Women above the Glass Ceiling

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on women in corporate positions “above the glass ceiling” and explores their perceptions on corporate mobility and strategies for success in elite positions. Through interviews with 16 men and women corporate presidents and chief executive officers (CEOs) in Southern California, it is found that while white men promote the dominant ideology of individualism and patriarchal gender ideology as explanations of corporate mobility and success, white women emphasize alternative perspectives by confirming the importance of social networks and peer similarities for succeeding in elite positions. These women strategically attempt to increase their cultural capital to negotiate male-dominated networks and maintain their high-status positions through such measures as obtaining advanced educational degrees or modifying speech and behavior.
Global motion estimation using modified least median of square error

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Global motion estimation is an important step in video coding. It is needed in automatic video object segmentation for content-based video coding and useful in motion compensation. Among the many methods for global motion estimation, the least median of square error (LMedS) is one of the best because of its robustness in outlier rejection. However, its performance deteriorates if the number of error medians computed is not sufficient or outliers occupy more than 50% of the total pixels. In this paper, we show how the number of medians affects the performance and that allows one to obtain a good tradeoff between performance and computation requirement. Also, we have developed a new method that allows LMedS to maintain its excellent performance when outliers occupy more than 50% of the total pixels.
Table S1 from Temporarily Trapped: Stormwater Pond Sediment is a Key Transient Sink for Microplastic Debris

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Table S1: Fragment, fibre, bead, glitter, black rubber, and total particle abundances in 15 stormwater ponds of London, Canada. Land use, long-axis pond orientation, last dredged date, and number of houses 100 m from the pond periphery are also included. in=initial; bl=minus blanks; FTIR=FTIR normalization; fin=final microplastic counts and abundances.
DFT Insights into the Physical Properties of Layered LiMnSe2 and LiMnTe2 Compounds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using state-of-the-art first-principles electronic-band-structure calculations alongside density functional theory, we investigated the structural, elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties of LiMnZ2 (Z = Se, Te) compounds with a trigonal structure. Initially, we determined the equilibrium lattice structure and atomic positions, which aligned well with experimental values. Ferromagnetism was shown to be more favorable than the non-magnetic state. The elastic constants, cohesive energies, and formation energies indicated that the studied compounds were mechanically stable in the experimentally determined trigonal lattice. The analysis of spin-polarized band structures and density of states revealed that both LiMnZ2 compounds exhibited perfect half-metallic characters. The total spin magnetic moment per formula unit adhered to the Slater–Pauling rule, being exactly 4 μΒ, mainly concentrated at the Mn atoms due to the strong spin polarization of the Mn d orbitals. We anticipate that our results will prompt further experimental and computational studies for the application of these layered materials in practical devices.
A MITE insertion into the 3′-UTR regulates the transcription of TaHSP16.9 in common wheat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements(MITEs) are a type of DNA transposon frequently inserted into promoters, untranslated regions(UTR), introns, or coding sequences of genes. We found a 276-bp tourist-like MITE insertion in the 3′-UTR of a 16.9 k Da small heat shock protein gene(TaH SP16.9-3A) on chromosome 3A of common wheat. Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes, s HSP-W(wild type without MITE insertion) and s HSP-M(mutant with MITE insertion), present in wheat germplasm. Both semiquantitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed increased transcription levels of TaH SP16.9-3A in s HSP-M compared with those of s HSP-W after heat treatment at 42 °C. It appeared that the MITE insertion into the 3′-UTR enhances the transcription of TaH SP16.9-3A.
When the Spirits are Angry, God Gains in Popularity: Exploring the Emergence of Bunong Protestantism in the Highlands of Cambodia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The two-fold aim of this paper is to outline a hitherto largely unknown history of evangelical Christianity among the Cambodian Bunong and to reflect upon aspects that may have been relevant in the encounters between Protestant missionaries and this minority population living in the highlands bordering with Vietnam. Relying on historical missionary accounts and on Bunong narratives gathered during fieldwork in Mondulkiri province, I will explore three moments of this meeting of different “ thought-worlds”— from the lack of success of early evangelisation efforts during the colonial and post-independence era, over the first conversions during the Vietnam War, to the installation and limited spread of Christianity in liberated Cambodia from the 1980s to the 1990s. In these various political and socio-environmental contexts, particular attention is given to the part of ritual practice in the dynamic of conversion, as it appeared to be a topic shared by the animist highlanders and the evangelical emissaries.