jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Soil Tillage Methods and Cover Crops on Yield and Yield Components of Corn and Some Soil Characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Proper tillage practices and cover crops planting are suitable methods for the development of sustainable agriculture which plays important role in sustainabilit y of crop production systems. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effect of different tillage methods included conventional tillage, minimum tillage and non tillage and cover crops included Vicia villosa, Lathyrus sativus and non planting cover crops on corn yield and some soil characteristics, an experiment was carried out at the Researches Farm of Agricultural Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina university during growing season of 2010-11. Experiment was laid out as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that number of seed row per ear and grain yield was affected by tillage treatment. Also, number of seed row per ear and grain and biological yield were affected significantly by cover crop. But, tillage × cover crop interaction was not significant. The highest values of number of seed row per ear and grain yield (1123 gm -2 ) was achieved at minimum tillage treatment. This treatment in comparison with conventional tillage treatment increased corn yield up to 20%. Maximum grain and biological yield were revealed at cover crops planting treatment and minimum grain and biological yield were achieved at non planting cover crops treatment. Effect of treatments on organic matter percentage and bulk density was significant. Maximum value of organic matter and minimum value of bulk density were revealed at cover crops planting and minimum tillage treatments. So, it seems that using minimum tillage and cover crops could increase corn yield and improve soil structure.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Randomly Assigned to Restrictive or Liberal Hemoglobin Thresholds for Blood Transfusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. Extremely low birth weight infants frequently receive red cell transfusions. We sought to determine whether a restrictive versus liberal hemoglobin transfusion threshold results in differences in death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Extremely low birth weight infants previously enrolled in the Preterm Infants in Need of Transfusion Trial, a randomized, controlled trial of low versus high hemoglobin transfusion thresholds, were followed up at 18 to 21 months’ corrected age. Erythrocyte transfusion was determined by an algorithm of low (restrictive) or high (liberal) hemoglobin transfusion thresholds, differing by 10 to 20 g/L and maintained until first hospital discharge. The primary composite outcome was death or the presence of cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, or severe visual or hearing impairment. RESULTS. Of 451 enrolled infants, the primary outcome was available in 430. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, found in 94 (45%) of 208 in the restrictive group and 82 (38%) of 213 in the liberal group. There were no statistically significant differences in preplanned secondary outcomes. However, the difference in cognitive delay (Mental Development Index score &lt; 70) approached statistical significance. A posthoc analysis with cognitive delay redefined (Mental Development Index score &lt; 85) showed a significant difference favoring the liberal threshold group. CONCLUSIONS. Maintaining the hemoglobin of extremely low birth weight infants at these restrictive rather than liberal transfusion thresholds did not result in a statistically significant difference in combined death or severe adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.
Strategies For Improving the Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in a range of devices due to their benefits, which include high energy density, enormous output power, and high average output voltage. There are several incidents every year brought on by lithium-ion battery failures, yet few people take the initiative to be aware of the possible safety risks associated with lithium-ion batteries. Identification and mitigation of lithium battery safety hazards are therefore essential. The article first analyzed the phenomenon of thermal runaway, and discusses various monitoring systems. Then, the application of fiber Bragg grating sensors in real. time detection of battery data was emphasized. Finally, a summary of the methods employed to lessen the safety issues connected with lithium batteries was provided. These methods included the use of electrode surface coatings, electrolytes, separators, and suppressing lithium dendrites. This will have reference value for future research on the safety of lithium batteries.
NTU camps’ preparation platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Freshmen Orientation Week is a 2 weeks period that holds great importance for freshmen to prepare for University, and make important connections. Every year, the Freshmen Orientation Camps of various faculties are organized by student volunteers. The two main factors contributing the success of Freshmen Orientation Programmes are the booking of facilities to host events and the booking of hostels for student. As of current, the allocation of facilities to various Freshmen Orientation Programmes is done using a Google Docs spreadsheet. Once the allocation is confirmed, it is difficult to make future amendment. In several occasions, the procedure for additional booking of facilities were not clear and request for bookings were not processed or reflected in the spreadsheet. Since 2016, Nanyang Technological University offers hostel stay services for the various Freshmen Orientation Programmes. To provide a complete and unique experience to all freshmen, most of the FOPs will opt for overnight accommodations. However, the process of requesting for hostel services can be error-prone, largely due to ineffectiveness of the current system. This Final Year Project focuses on improving the planning experience of all the parties involved in the Freshmen Orientation Program (FOP), using web application as an informative and secure communication channel. The idea of this approach is to have a one-stop platform that provides timely updates, a single point of contact for discussions, request application for resources and ease of access to information.
Investigation of the optical strength of chemical coatings

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An investigation was made of the technology of deposition of chemical coatings on transparent substrates. A suitable selection of the coating material and an improvement in the quality of the substrate surfaces made it possible to prepare dielectric mirrors with a reflection coefficient up to 60% and an optical strength of the same order as that of the K-8 glass substrates. A nondestructive method for measuring the optical strength of coatings was developed. The problem of increasing the productivity in the manufacture of chemical coatings was considered.
A Review of Aspects of Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus via mT Extremely Low‐Frequency Magnetic Fields

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The subthreshold magnetic modulation technique stimulates cells with mT extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs), which are insufficient to induce neuronal action potentials. Although they cannot directly induce resting neurons to discharge, mT magnetic stimulation can regulate the excitability of the nervous system, which regulates learning and memory by some unknown mechanisms. Herein, we describe the regulation of mT ELF‐MFs with different parameters on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Additionally, we summarize the latest research on the possible mechanism of the effect of ELF‐MFs on synaptic plasticity. Some studies have shown that ELF‐MFs are able to inhibit long‐term potentiation (LTP) by increasing concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ), as well as concentration of reactive oxygen species. The research in this paper has significance for the comprehensive understanding of relevant neurological mechanisms of learning and memory by mT ELF‐MFs stimulation. However, more high‐quality research is necessary to determine the regulatory mechanism of mT ELF‐MFs on synaptic plasticity in order to optimize this technique as a treatment for neurological diseases. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
The Uncertain Future of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination School Requirements

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

* Abbreviation:
HPV — : human papillomavirus

Ten years after the approval of the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, vaccination rates in both males and females continue to fall short of the 80% coverage goals included in Healthy People 2020 .1 In 2015, 62.8% of girls and 49.8% of boys aged 13 to 17 had received at least 1 dose of HPV vaccine, and 41.9% of female adolescents and 28.1% of male adolescents had completed the 3-dose series, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2 Although recent increases in HPV vaccination rates have been observed (perhaps a result of coordinated recent efforts by vaccination advocates to emphasize the role of these vaccines in cancer prevention) the identification of innovative approaches to promoting widespread use of HPV vaccines remains a priority.3

School vaccination requirements have long been viewed by proponents of vaccination as effective and essential tools in promoting and sustaining high vaccination rates.4 In this issue of Pediatrics , Moss and colleagues show that requirements for meningococcal and tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines result not only in substantial direct …

Address correspondence to Jason L. Schwartz, PhD, MBE, Yale School of Public Health, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520. E-mail: jason.l.schwartz{at}yale.edu
On the Generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias Stability of Quadratic Mappings in Modular Spaces withoutΔ2-Conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We approach the generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias (briefly, UHR) stability of quadratic functional equations via the extensive studies of fixed point theory. Our results are obtained in the framework of modular spaces whose modulars are lower semicontinuous (briefly, lsc) but do not satisfy any relatives ofΔ2-conditions.
Innovation, public funding and company size

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

From the microinformation of the "survey on technological innovation 1998-2000" a database is constructed by the manufacturing Spanish companies that realize activities of innovation. Subsequently, by testing Pearson Chi-square and Mann-Whitney, test whether the size of companies influences the participation of innovative manufacturing companies in the systems of public support for innovation as well as the address of that conditioning. In this regard, the contrasts made indicate that the variable size is related to the variable public funding, and which are the larger companies which benefit most from public support for innovation.
Growth Performance and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Broiler Fed with Microwaved Flaxseed Flour (Linum usitatissimum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of microwaved flaxseed flour as broiler feed on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activity. The material used was 200 a-day-old chicks strain Lohmann MB Platinum. The method of this research was in vivo feeding trial using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments included the use of flaxseed flour with levels of 0% (T0), 2.5% (T1), 5% (T2), 7.5% (T3), and 10% (T4). The variables measured were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, amylase, and protease activity. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that the treatments highly significant (p<0.01) increasing the amylase activity and decreasing the protease activity, but had no significant effect on the feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. It can be concluded that the use of microwaved flaxseed flour up to 10% did not give negative effect on broiler, but 2.5% showed the best result compared to other treatments. Key words: broiler, digestive enzyme activity, flaxseed flour, growth performance, microwave
The new teacher and discipline factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractDiscipline is closely linked to the teaching profession. The article focuses on factors affecting discipline in teaching while also specifying the terminology for the concept of discipline in new teachers and defining teacher expectations in achieving discipline in a methodological classification according to research conducted using the Q-methodology. The aim of this paper is to specify the factors that influence discipline in the lessons of new teachers and also to analyse the extent to which teachers are aware of these factors. Since new teachers do not have so much experience in their jobs, they occasionally make mistakes that have a major impact on the perceived importance of discipline. These errors include, for example, dealing with the unruly behaviour of pupils in lessons. Discipline is the order that is necessary for students to learn effectively. Using the outcomes from the Q-methodology survey, we answer current concepts of discipline among new teachers, which involved 46 individuals who used statements to define their own thoughts on discipline relevant to their work. The topic of teacher authority is covered extensively in the academic literature, including a number of books providing good practical information and tips; however, there is a lack of professional publications on factors influencing discipline in education, as these factors have not been explored in detail. The findings of the research investigation are the output of Q-sorting and correlations for the construction of interpretations of discipline in the professional preparation of new teachers.
Normalization Layer Enhancement in Convolutional Neural Network for Parking Space Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The research problem of this study is the urgent need for real-time parking availability information to assist drivers in quickly and accurately locating available parking spaces, aiming to improve upon the accuracy not achieved by previous studies. The objective of this research is to enhance the classification accuracy of parking spaces using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, specifically by integrating an effective normalizing function into the CNN architecture. The research method employed involves the application of four distinct normalizing functions to the EfficientParkingNet, a tailored CNN architecture designed for the precise classification of parking spaces. The results indicate that the EfficientParkingNet model, when equipped with the Group Normalization function, outperforms other models using Batch Normalization, Inter-Channel Local Response Normalization, and Intra-Channel Local Response Normalization in terms of classification accuracy. Furthermore, it surpasses other similar CNN models such as mAlexnet, you only look once (Yolo)+mobilenet, and CarNet in the same classification task. This demonstrates that EfficientParkingNet with Group Normalization significantly enhances parking space classification, thus providing drivers with more reliable and accurate parking availability information.
A piezoelectric energy harvester with increased bandwidth based on beam flexural vibrations in perpendicular directions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new structure for piezoelectric energy harvesters. It consists of an elastic beam with two pairs of piezoelectric films operating with the fundamental flexural modes in perpendicular directions. A one-dimensional model is developed and used to analyze the proposed structure. The output power density is calculated and examined. Results show that, with simultaneous flexural motions in two perpendicular directions, the output power has two peaks close to each other resulting from the two fundamental flexural resonances. The distance between the two peaks can be adjusted through design to make the two peaks merge into one wide peak. Hence, the frequency bandwidth through which energy can be harvested is roughly doubled when compared with conventional beam bimorph energy harvesters operating with flexural motion in one direction and one resonance only.
Chemical composition and seasonal variation of the essential oil of Micromeria fruticosa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Micromeria fruticosa ( Lamiaceae ) growing wild in Lebanon was analyzed. A number of samples were collected in the months of July (full flowerin g stage) and October. Thereafter, the essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillatio n and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of nineteen and seventeen compounds were identified in each sample respectively, representing 92.41% and 87.8% of the total compounds of the essential oil (EO) in each sample respectively. A significant seasonal va riation in the composition of the essential oil and their concentrations was observed .
Use of Cichorium Intybus Leaf Extract as Growth Promoter, Hepatoprotectant and Immune Modulent in Broilers

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of Cichorium intybus (chicory) leaf extract was determined on day-old chicks (n=150) that were distributed in 15 replicates (10 birds/replicate). These replicates were allotted to five treatment groups such that each group received three replicates. Group A (positive control) was offered commercial ration supplemented with antibiotic growth promoter (Enracin) and coccidiostat (Salinomycine) along with water without any supplementation. Group E (negative control) was offered water without supplementation of antibiotic and coccidiostat. Whereas, group B, C and D were offered water containing different concentrations of chicory leaves extract at 5, 10 and 15 ml/L, respectively, extracted in distilled water at pH 7. Supplementation of chicory leaf extract in drinking water of birds exhibited a significantly (P< 0.05) improved weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Aspartate Aminotransferase concentration, antibody titer against Newcastle disease, blood glucose, cholesterol level, total leukocyte count (TLC) and hepatoprotective properties were found to be better in treated groups than those of controls. The feed consumption, Alpha Glutamyltransferase, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), heterophils count, lymphocytes count and antibody titer against infectious bursal disease remained unaffected. It was concluded that chicory leaf extract can be used an inexpensive, efficient and safe growth promoter in broiler production.
A Case of Triple-Infection with SARS-CoV-2, Chikungunya, and Dengue Fever in a Returning Traveler

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV) fever are caused by arboviruses with a shared vector and often overlap in tropical endemic areas. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has a similar presentation to CHIKV and DENV. The case of a 39-year-old woman with a triple viral infection (DENV, CHIKV, and SARS-CoV-2) is presented. Co-infection with endemic viruses post-travel is likely underreported due to overlapping clinical presentations and timelines. Awareness of illness in returning travelers and prompt co-infection diagnosis are needed to optimize patient outcomes.
Effects of the metaboreflex on motor unit behavior profiles

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) is a physiological response to metabolite accumulation during sustained contractions, leading to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. While the cardiovascular effects of MMA are well studied, its systemic influence on motor unit (MU) behavior remains unclear. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of MMA, induced at the upper arm, on MU behavior of the contralateral, non-occluded vastus lateralis (VL). METHODS: Sixteen participants (21 ± 2 yrs; 179.27 ± 7.39 cm; 84.87 ± 13.42 kg) performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the right knee extensors. Participants then completed isometric handgrip MVCs of the left hand, followed by a 2-min 30% MVC isometric handgrip contraction. For MMA, arterial occlusion of the left arm (≥ 250 mm Hg) was initiated during the final 10 sec of the 30% MVC, and remained applied during a subsequent 40% MVC trapezoidal knee extensor contraction. For the control (CON) condition, no occlusion occurred. Conditions were randomized. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the VL during the knee extensor contractions. For the 40% MVCs, EMG was decomposed to extract MU recruitment thresholds (RT), action potential amplitudes (MUAPₐₘₚ), and mean firing rates (MFR). EMG amplitude (EMGRMS) during the 40% MVC was normalized to MVC EMGRMS (N-EMGRMS). MMA was confirmed via mean arterial pressure changes (ΔMAP). Y-intercepts (y-ints) and slopes were calculated for the MUAPAMP and MFR vs. RT relationships. Seven paired t-tests compared ΔMAP, y-ints, slopes, and N-EMGRMS between conditions (α ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: There were no differences for y-ints or slopes from the MUAPₐₘₚ or MFR vs. RT relationships. However, ΔMAP (MMA = Δ21.75 ± 13.75 mm Hg, CON = Δ41.98 ± 17.73 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and N-EMGᵣₘₛ (MMA = 43.37 ± 7.76%, CON = 48.32 ± 11.91%; p = 0.015) differed between conditions. CONCLUSION: MMA at the upper arm decreased N-EMGᵣₘₛ of the VL, without altering MU recruitment or firing rate patterns. Thus, less input excitation was required to maintain the same submaximal torque during MMA, while the similar recruitment and firing rate patterns may suggest increased motorneuron excitability. Evidence is provided that MMA has a systemic effect on MU behavior.