jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Game Balance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Within the field of game design, game balance can best be described as a black art. It is the process by which game designers make a game simultaneously fair for players while providing them just the right amount of difficulty to be both exciting and challenging without making the game entirely predictable. This involves a combination of mathematics, psychology, and occasionally other fields such as economics and game theory. Game Balance offers readers a dynamic look into game design and player theory. Throughout the book, relevant topics on the use of spreadsheet programs will be included in each chapter. This book therefore doubles as a useful reference on Microsoft Excel, Google Spreadsheets, and other spreadsheet programs and their uses for game designers. FEATURES The first and only book to explore game balance as a topic in depth Topics range from intermediate to advanced, while written in an accessible style that demystifies even the most challenging mathematical concepts to the point where a novice student of game design can understand and apply them Contains powerful spreadsheet techniques which have been tested with all major spreadsheet programs and battle-tested with real-world game design tasks Provides short-form exercises at the end of each chapter to allow for practice of the techniques discussed therein along with three long-term projects divided into parts throughout the book that involve their creation Written by award-winning designers with decades of experience in the field Ian Schreiber has been in the industry since 2000, first as a programmer and then as a game designer. He has worked on eight published game titles, training/simulation games for three Fortune 500 companies, and has advised countless student projects. He is the co-founder of Global Game Jam, the largest in-person game jam event in the world. Ian has taught game design and development courses at a variety of colleges and universities since 2006. Brenda Romero is a BAFTA award-winning game director, entrepreneur, artist, and Fulbright award recipient and is presently game director and creator of the Empire of Sin franchise. As a game director, she has worked on 50 games and contributed to many seminal titles, including the Wizardry and Jagged Alliance series and titles in the Ghost Recon, Dungeons & Dragons, and Def Jam franchises.
Synergistic antitumor effect of NVP-BEZ235 and sunitinib on docetaxel-resistant human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

According to recent studies, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) can be used as combinational agents to enhance the antitumor effect or overcome resistance to one of the agents. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic interaction between NVP-BEZ235, a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/mTOR dual inhibitor, and sunitinib, a TKI, in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells with docetaxel resistance. Prostate cancer cells with different sensitivities to hormones and docetaxel levels were exposed to escalating doses of NVP-BEZ235 alone and in combination with sunitinib. The synergy between NVP-BEZ235 and sunitinib was determined by the combination index, three-dimensional model, and clonogenic assays. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis of proteins related to apoptosis and cell survival axis were performed. The combination of NVP-BEZ235 and sunitinib caused a significant synergistic antitumor effect over a wide range of doses in docetaxel-resistant CRPC cells. Furthermore, the IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of NVP-BEZ235 and sunitinib was reduced by 7.8-fold and 6.6-fold, respectively. The three-dimensional synergy analysis resulted in a synergy volume of 182.47 μM/ml2%, indicating a strong synergistic effect of combination therapy. Combination therapy caused an induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in docetaxel-resistant CRPC cells. Adding sunitinib did not produce any additional effect on the NVP-BEZ235-mediated inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylation. In conclusion, combining NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, with sunitinib can synergistically potentiate the antitumor effect in CRPC cells after docetaxel failure though induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Development of Education in Siberia in First Quarter of 18th Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of the schooling formation on the territory of the Siberian province in the first quarter of the 18th century. The process of origin and development of spiritual and secular education in Siberia is characterized. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the decrees of Peter I published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, which regulate the organization of educational institutions in Siberia. A number of clerical sources of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, in particular, the cases of the Siberian Order, are analyzed. Also, to study the topic, materials from the newspaper “Tobolsk Gubernskie Vedomosti” were involved. The authors of the article show that Peter’s modernization processes in the field of education were reflected in the life of the Siberian province in the first quarter of the 18th century. It is concluded that the main changes that affected the field of education are associated with the implementation of the reforms of Peter I. The role of the first theological schools in the education system of the Siberian province, the significance of the decrees of Peter I and the activities of the Orthodox Church in their formation are considered. At the same time, it is proved that the political events and cultural innovations of the Petrine era contributed to the formation of secular education and the spread of enlightenment among Siberians.
Research Trends on Quality Characteristics and Physiological Functions of Korean Traditional Makgeolli (Korean Rice Wine) : A Literature Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구는 막걸리를 주제로 한 연구논문 중 ‘막걸리의 품질 특성 및 생리활성기능’ 동향에 대해 영양학적 특성별, 지역별, 특허내역별, 재료별, 제조방법별, 미생물별, 저장별, 실험 방법별, 생리활성 효과별, 시험 내역별로 정리하였다. 그 결과로서 막걸리는 서울과 경기지방에서 가장 많은 종류가 생산되었으며, 일반 주류에 비해 단백질과 당질, 여러 비타민과 유기산, 유산균 등 생리활성기능을 하는 물질이 많아 영양학적으로 가치가 있다. 막걸리의 향기성분은 원료인 곡류와 누룩 미생물 발효 과정 중에 주로 생성되는데 제조 공정이나 지역 및 환경에 따라 그 향이 달라진다. 막걸리 제조시 주원료는 쌀을 주로 사용하고 부재료에는 과실이 가장 많았다. 막걸리 발효는 주로 병행복발효로 진행되며 순수배양균을 접종하여 만든 개량누룩이 주로 사용되고 있으며, 균주로는 곰팡이로서 Aspergillus sp.를, 효모로는 Saccharomyces sp.를 가장 많이 사용했다. 막걸리의 생리활성 연구 동향은 항산화 효과가 가장 많은 연구가 수행되었으며, 항암, 항고혈압, 항균, 항당뇨 순으로 연구가 진행되었다. 그 외에도 항비만, 혈행개선, 피부미백, 면역증진, 항통풍, 항알레르기, 숙취해소 등에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 항산화는 주로 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 측정법을, 항암 시험은 주로 암세포에 대한 MTT 시험법과 quinone reductase를 이용하여 측정하였다. 막걸리는 다양한 암세포에 대한 성장 억제효과 등이 있고, 또한 항균 시험은 식중독 원인균에 대한 항균 활성을 갖는 것으로 보고되었다. 항고혈압 시험은 주로 ACE 저해 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 그 외에 항당뇨, 항비만 및 혈행 개선에서는 그 효과가 입증되었으나 미백개선의 경우 효과가 적거나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이후 막걸리의 저장성 및 생리활성 연구에 임상시험 및 in vivo 연구 등이 계속 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.
A new VDTA based frequency agile filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a new voltage mode frequency agile filter designed by voltage differencing trans-conductance amplifier (VDTA) is presented. A single VDTA and two capacitors are used to implement the designed frequency agile filter. The MOS capacitor technique is used instead of conventional capacitors to achieve high operating frequencies. The agility of the designed filter is implemented by selecting different size MOS capacitor. The performance parameters of the VDTA and agile filter structure are summarized. The suitability of the filter for different applications are given. AMS 0.18μm parameters are used for the designed frequency agile filter.
Regional Acreage Response by Quarter for Fresh Tomatoes: An Example of the Use of Mixed Estimation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study reported was motivated by a USDA study to develop complete quarterly models of supply and demand for a selected set of fresh salad vegetables. The acreage planted component enters recursively into both the acreage harvested and yield relations used in many of these models. Consequently, predictions of acreage planted are instrumental in predicting total supply and resulting market equilibrium solutions. In modeling acreage planted over relevant seasons within four regions, various sources of information can be brought to bear. Obviously, data series on past plantings, costs, and prices provide the foundation of statistical estimation of an acreage response model. However, additional information from previous studies, economic theory, and subjective judgment on the part of the researcher also can be incorporated into the model through the use of the mixed estimation technique developed by Theil and Goldberger [8].
Determining the correlation of Epstein-Barr virus with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by chromogenic in situ hybridization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma. There are various types of DLBCL including immunoblastic and centroblastic. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of Herpes virus family found in all human populations inducing different lymphoproliferative disorders. The role of EBV in the development of DLBCL is known. Multiple laboratory methods are available for detecting EBV. This study was conducted to determine the correlation of EBV with DLBCL in samples referred to pathology ward in Shariati and Sina Hospitals by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) method.Methods: In this case/control study, pathological specimens of 50 patients with DLBCL as well as 50 reactive lymph nodes and tonsils (control group) were collected from archives of Shariati and Sina Hospitals and were evaluated for EBV encoded RNA (EBER) expression based on CISH method. A peptide nucleic acid (PNA) EBV probe (Dakocytomatin) was used while all the processes were done in RNAase-free conditions using RNAase-free water, sterile gloves and samplers. Results: Out of fifty specimens in the case group, eight were positive for EBER in comparison with two in the control group (P=0.046). No statistically significant difference was observed between intranodal or extranodal samples (P=0.736) or between males and females (P=0.0746).Conclusion: Our study showed that EBV positivity for EBER in patient with DLBCL could be determined more effectively by CISH method than immunohistochemistry (IHC). Comparative analysis between CISH, PCR and IHC methods is recommended.
Mitochondrial genome of a multiple myeloma bone cancer disease model rat strain (Muridae; Rattus)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of a multiple myeloma bone cancer disease model rat strain for the first time. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,302 bp and coding 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes.
The SynCAM synaptic cell adhesion molecules are involved in sensory axon pathfinding by regulating axon-axon contacts

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (SynCAMs) are crucial for synapse formation and plasticity. However, we have previously demonstrated that SynCAMs are also required during earlier stages of neural circuit formation because SynCAM1 and SynCAM2 (also known as CADM1 and CADM2, respectively) are important for the guidance of post-crossing commissural axons. In contrast to the exclusively homophilic cis-interactions reported by previous studies, our previous in vivo results suggested the existence of heterophilic cis-interactions between SynCAM1 and SynCAM2. Indeed, as we show here, the presence of homophilic and heterophilic cis-interactions modulates the interaction of SynCAMs with trans-binding partners, as observed previously for other immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules. These in vitro findings are in agreement with results from in vivo studies, which demonstrate a role for SynCAMs in the formation of sensory neural circuits in the chicken embryo. In the absence of SynCAMs, selective axon-axon interactions are perturbed resulting in aberrant pathfinding of sensory axons.
Constructing the Subject? Emmy Ball-Hennings’s Autobiographical Texts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Between 1935 and 1948, the poet, actress and performance artist Emmy Hennings (1885–1948) wrote three autobiographical texts, namely Blume unci Flamme (Flower and Flame), Das flüchtige Spiel: Wege nnd Umwege einer Frau (The Fleeting Game: A Woman's Ways and Deviations) and Ruf und Echo (Outcry and Echo).1 In this chapter, I shall attempt to trace Hennings's life and explore the tension between reality and fiction in her autobiographies by comparing her autobiographical self with the multifaceted, contradictory personality that presents itself in her letters and diary entries and those of her contemporaries. Of course, tension is to be expected, since autobiographical selves are always constructions; however, a marked teleological tendency in Hennings's autobiographical texts at once veils and unveils a marked difference.
Co‐Infection with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica and Delftia acidovorans in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.): a case history of an illegally trafficked protected species

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Inspections by customs agents at Barcelona airport discovered 420 kg of contraband glass eels prepared for shipment to Hong Kong. After confiscation of these animals by police, they were transported to holding facilities to be maintained until after a judicial hearing. Upon arrival, they were separated into two groups and held under ambient flow‐through conditions in fresh water. During their captivity period, several peaks in mortality occurred and multiple bacterial strains were isolated from moribund animals. Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to determine specific identity of the isolates. An initial isolation of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica was treated with oxytetracycline. A subsequent isolation of Delftia acidovorans proved resistant to oxytetracycline and was treated with gentamicin in combination with sulphadiazine–trimethoprim. Once the health condition of the animals was stabilized, they were partitioned into groups and subsequently released as part of a restocking effort for the species following the guidelines of Regulation (EC) 1100/2007 (Anon 2007). This represents the first record for both bacterial species in the host Anguilla anguilla in the Spanish Mediterranean.
Longitudinal magnetoconductance and the planar Hall effect in a lattice model of tilted Weyl fermions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The experimental verification of chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals is an\nactive area of investigation in modern condensed matter physics, which\ntypically relies on the combined signatures of longitudinal magnetoconductance\n(LMC) along with the planar Hall effect (PHE). It has recently been shown that\nfor weak non-quantizing magnetic fields, a sufficiently strong finite\nintervalley scattering drives the system to switch the sign of LMC from\npositive to negative. Here we unravel another independent source that produces\nthe same effect. Specifically, a smooth lattice cutoff to the linear\ndispersion, which is ubiquitous in real Weyl materials, introduces nonlinearity\nin the problem and also drives the system to exhibit negative LMC for\nnon-collinear electric and magnetic fields even in the limit of vanishing\nintervalley scattering. We examine longitudinal magnetoconductivity and the\nplanar Hall effect semi-analytically for a lattice model of tilted Weyl\nfermions within the Boltzmann approximation. We independently study the effects\nof a finite lattice cutoff and tilt parameters and construct phase diagrams in\nrelevant parameter spaces that are relevant for diagnosing chiral anomaly in\nreal Weyl materials.\n
2006a) Structure-function correlation of outer membrane protein porin from Paracoccus denitrificans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Porins from outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria have a highly stable structure. Our previous studies on porin from Paracoccus denitrificans showed that the outer membrane pro tein porin is extremely stable toward heat, pH, and chemical denaturants. The major question we have addressed in this paper is whether the high stability of porin is a consequence of the b barrel structure and whether it is required for its function. To explain this we have analyzed two cases: first, we used porin wild type and mutants and compared their structure and function; second, we compared the activity of porin preheated to different temperatures. Structural changes were moni tored by infrared spectroscopy. We observed that the structural stability of porin is not equivalent to functional activity as minor alteration in the structure can result in drastic differences in the activity of porins.
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOME WHEAT VARIETIES AND SOME SOIL PROPERTIES - NORTH DELTA .

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research Station in El-Serw, Agricultural Research Center during the seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of mineral nitrogen and organic nitrogen of compost combination treatments on grain and straw yield and N, P, K-uptake in grain and straw of some wheat varieties.The experiments were carried out in a split plot design with three replicates.Main plots were assigned to three wheat cultivars i.e., Sakha 93, Gemmiza 9 and Gemmiza 10.The sub main plots were devoted to mineral nitrogen and compost combination treatments as follows: 100 % inorganic nitrogen (90 kg fed -1 ), 75 % inorganic nitrogen (67.5 kg fed -1 ) + 25 % organic nitrogen (22.5 kg fed -1 ), 50 % inorganic nitrogen (45.0 kg fed -1 ) + 50 % organic nitrogen (45.0 kg fed -1 ), 25 % inorganic nitrogen (22.5 kg fed -1 ) + 75 % organic nitrogen (67.5 kg fed -1 ) and 100 % organic nitrogen (90 kg fed -1 ).Obtained results showed that the greatest values of wheat grain , straw yields , N, P and K uptake in both grain and straw were those of Gemmeza 10, Gemmeza 9 and Sakha 93, respectively and 100 % inorganic nitrogen, 75 % inorganic nitrogen + 25 % organic nitrogen, 50 % inorganic nitrogen + 50 % organic nitrogen, 25 % inorganic nitrogen + 75 % organic nitrogen and 100 % organic nitrogen, respectively.100% inorganic nitrogen for Gemmiza 10 gave the highest wheat grain and straw yields and N, P, and K uptake in grain and straw.While, applying 75% inorganic nitrogen with 25% organic nitrogen produced economic wheat grain and straw yields for Sakha 93 only.So, 25% inorganic nitrogen could be saved, and environmental pollution with mineral-N fertilizers could also be reduced.As well as improved soil properties i.e increased hydraulic conductivity,on the contrary,bulk density,Ece and pH values were decreased.
The dependence of protoplanet migration rates on co-orbital torques

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the migration rates of high-mass protoplanets embedded in accretion discs via two and three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. The simulations follow the planet's radial motion and employ a nested-grid code that allows for high resolution close to the planet. We concentrate on the possible role of the coorbital torques in affecting migration rates. We analyse two cases: (a) a Jupiter-mass planet in a low-mass disc and (b) a Saturn-mass planet in a high-mass disc. Planet migration in case (b) is much more susceptible to coorbital torques than in case (a). We find that the coorbital torques in both cases do not depend sensitively on whether the planet is allowed to migrate through the disc or is held on a fixed orbit. We also examine the dependence of the planet's migration rate on the numerical resolution near the planet. For case (a), numerical convergence is relatively easy to obtain, even when including torques arising from deep within the planet's Hill sphere. The migration rate in this case is numerically on order of the Type II migration rate and much smaller than the Type I rate, if the disc has 0.01 solar-masses inside 26 AU. Torques from within the Hill sphere provide a substantial opposing contribution to the migration rate. In case (b), the gas mass within the Hill sphere is larger than the planet's mass and convergence is more difficult to obtain. If the torques within the Hill sphere are ignored, convergence is more easily achieved but the migration rate is artificially large. At our highest resolution, the migration rate for case (b) is much less than the Type I rate, but somewhat larger than the Type II rate.
TARGETING OF SMALL UNILAMELLAR VESICLES (SUVs) TO MURINE TUMORS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Williams, L. E.; Proffitt, R. T.; Lovisatti, L.; Present, C. A.; Uliana, J. A.; Tin, G.; Gamble, R. C.; Balde-schwieler, J. D. Author Information
Comparison of Magnetic Field Analysis Methods Considering Magnetic Anisotropy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic field analysis results on grain-oriented silicon steel sheet and nongrain-oriented silicon steel sheet by the isotropic method, the two-axis isotropic method, the two-axis anisotropic method, the ¿ anisotropic method, and the ¿ HB anisotropic method, which are 2-D magnetic analysis methods, are compared. In analyzing the magnetic field in the isotropic material, the isotropic method is more appropriate than the two-axis isotropic method. For the anisotropic material in which the magnetic flux density is much less than saturation magnetic flux density, the two-axis anisotropic method is more preferable than the ¿ anisotropic method, because the result of the two-axis anisotropic method is similar to that of the ¿ HB anisotropic method. However, for the analysis in high magnetic flux density near the saturation magnetic flux density, the ¿ anisotropic method is more suitable than the two-axis anisotropic method.