jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Establishment of culture system for selective amplification of CD8+ T cells in vitro and analysis of its functional and molecular phenotypes from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in malignant pleural/ascites].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the culture method of mass amplification for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from malignant pleural/ascites in vitro, and identify the function and molecular phenotype of these amplified cells. Methods The pleural/ascites fluid was extracted under aseptic conditions, and lymphocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Then TILs were amplified by the program based on combined IFN-γ, OKT3 and IL-2, and the cell morphology and growth rate were recorded. The molecular phenotypes of the amplified lymphocytes were analyzed by Flow cytometry, and the killing ability against tumor cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. Results In this culture program, TILs remained in good condition until the 26th day, and the proliferation rate began to decrease on the 30th day. The proportions of CD4-CD8+ and CD8+CD56+ T cells gradually increased as cell culture time extended while the proportions of CD4+CD25+ T cells decreased gradually. Unlike the proportions prior to amplification, the proportions of SLAMF7, CD45RO, PD-1 and granzyme B positive cells in T lymphocyte subpopulation were significantly increased, meanwhile, the expression of exhausted T-cell marker CD57 was also gradually increased. The cytotoxicity of amplified CD8+ T cells from TILs was significantly stronger than that from PBMC, and the cytotoxicity reached the peak at the effect-target ratio of 10:1 and was significantly different among tumor cell types. Conclusion A culture program for TILs amplification from cancerous thoracic/ascites is established. The method is simple and efficient. The effector cells are mainly CD8+ T lymphocytes with active phenotype.
Millimeter-wave dielectric properties of electro-optic polymer materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The complex dielectric constant of several polymer matrix materials and chromophore molecules of potential use in very high-speed electro-optic (EO) devices have been measured from 10 to 400 GHz. For all matrices, the index of refraction n is relatively low (1.3&lt;n&lt;2.0) and has little dispersion up to at least 250 GHz. Upon including an EO chromophore into the host, n increases up to 15%. The dielectric loss tangent is small (∼10−4) in most cases. Use of these properties to velocity match a guided millimeter wave mode with a guided optical mode will be discussed.
Critical Review : Significant Impact of ICT in Higher Education Examination System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this research article the researcher discussed the critical review and significant impact of ICT in higher education examination system. The researcher emphasized that some of the significant research issues on ICT which is having lot of possibilities in improving the whole examination system. Trend of seeking online applications for regular, examinations and conducting on-line examinations have made the system very simple and cost effective for the examining bodies. This paper presents the growing role of examinations in improving the quality of education by embracing the integrated automated exam system for providing the robust, transparent, accurate and authenticated outputs. This automated exam system through ICT will bring substantial quality improvement in education. A part from implementing ICT quality, problem in exam has also been discussed. ICT will make exam system more efficient and transparent account.
Spatial Analysis of the Environment’s Influence on Pediatric Asthma in Baltimore City using a Geographic Information System

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem being addressed in this proposed study is the tendency of residents living in low-income, inner city, and minority neighborhoods being exposed to poorer air quality than residents living in upper-income, suburban, white neighborhoods. As a result of the poor environmental conditions, poor urban dwellers experience higher rates of respiratory diseases such as asthma in their communities. The purpose of this proposed project is to study the environmental factors that are associated with an increase in pediatric asthma and identify which of these factors can be found in Baltimore communities using a geographic information system. The location of possible sources contributing to high concentrations of asthma occurrences in Baltimore City such as brownfields and major roadways will be examined. In addition, racial and socioeconomic conditions found in Baltimore will be analyzed to see if they can be linked to asthma rates. The proposed project’s methodology will consist of an exploratory analysis of the asthma geographic epidemiology in Baltimore. The literature currently states that areas of high urbanization experience more cases of asthma hospitalization than rural areas. Anticipated findings include having a high concentration of asthma occurrences in Baltimore’s predominately black, poor, and inner city neighborhoods. Furthermore, these disadvantaged Baltimore neighborhoods will be located right next to sources of environmental pollution.
A study on factors affecting private gym membership: on female sign ups and consumer loyalty amongst females

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study aims to explore the influential factors that encourage females to sign up for private gym memberships. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the attributing factors, and the significance of these factors to hopefully reduce gender discrepancy in the weight room. Participants of the study include 42 healthy females, where 20 of the females are gym goers, while the remaining 22 are non-gym goers. The age demographic of the participants is 20-50 years old. A semi-structured survey was designed to collect data on Microsoft forms. Thematic analysis was performed to identify recurring themes and patterns within the qualitative data gathered from the survey responses. Result findings presented the following: (1) Moderate significance factors include accessibility, lack of time, and financial concerns, and (2) High significance factors include social needs and masculinity. While the factors in the moderate significance tier are influential in encouraging females to visit the gym, managers must focus on the high significance factors to induce consumer loyalty amongst females. The present study has identified five factors that are influential in encouraging females to go to the gym and to retain their gym membership. Gym owners may focus on these factors to cultivate a safe and inclusive environment for the females to feel a sense of belonging. Keywords: females, private gyms, membership
A novel exhaustive search algorithm for predicting the conformation of polypeptide segments in proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We present a fast ab initio method for the prediction of local conformations in proteins. The program, PETRA, selects polypeptide fragments from a computer-generated database (APD) encoding all possible peptide fragments up to twelve amino acids long. Each fragment is defined by a representative set of eight ϕ/ψ pairs, obtained iteratively from a trial set by calculating how fragments generated from them represent the protein databank (PDB). Ninety-six percent (96%) of length five fragments in crystal structures, with a resolution better than 1.5 Å and less than 25% identity, have a conformer in the database with less than 1 Å root-mean-square deviation (rmsd). In order to select segments from APD, PETRA uses a set of simple rule-based filters, thus reducing the number of potential conformations to a manageable total. This reduced set is scored and sorted using rmsd fit to the anchor regions and a knowledge-based energy function dependent on the sequence to be modelled. The best scoring fragments can then be optimized by minimization of contact potentials and rmsd fit to the core model. The quality of the prediction made by PETRA is evaluated by calculating both the differences in rmsd and backbone torsion angles between the final model and the native fragment. The average rmsd ranges from 1.4 Å for three residue loops to 3.9 Å for eight residue loops. Proteins 2000;40:135–144. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimization of Analog RF Circuit parameters using randomness in particle swarm optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents stochastic convergence analysis of particle swarm optimization algorithm involving randomness and applying the results to the Analog RF Circuits to optimize the circuit parameters. In every iteration, each particle position is represented as vector and the standard particle swarm algorithm determined by positive real tipple {w,c 1 ,c 2 }. Comparisons for convergence are presented with respect to fixed tipple {w,c 1 ,c 2 } and random tipple {w,c 1 ,c 2 }. Various results show that the randomness in defining new position to particle leads to better convergence property. Also, exploration and exploitation trade off are discussed with examples. It is demonstrated that each particle undergoes both exploration and exploitation in convergence process; if the randomness in the particle generation is considered. The parameters considered for RF circuit are cutoff frequency, Phase Noise and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Results are compared between both fixed values and random values of parameters in convergence analysis of PSO.
Brain computing interface for wheel chair control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) or mind machine interface (MMI) is the direct communication path between brain and external devices. Currently it is difficult for the persons suffering from stokes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can lead to complete paralysis. Therefore the BCI system may be used to improve the quality of life of such patients. In this paper we overcome this challenge by introducing a BCI system which helps the patient to navigate the wheelchair from one place to another based on motor imagery model to control a brain actuated wheelchair. This allows the user to control the direction for four movements left turn, right turn, forward and backward movement, of the simulation or real wheelchair. Experimental trials are to be conducted to assess the BCI control; both a simulated wheelchair in a virtual environment and a real wheelchair were tested. The system will be realised as a standalone hardware unit and will be tested in the field.
Long Distance Anaphora

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are a number of persistent anomalies in binding theory. One is the lack of an integrated view of long distance anaphora. Anaphors generally require an antecedent, but languages have been shown to show striking differences as to where such antecedents may occur. This volume is a collection of original articles by distinguished contributors on the nature of anaphoric systems in a wide variety of genetically and structurally different languages, and it examines the general laws underlying the apparent diversity of data from the perspective of current linguistic theory. There is a surprising degree of convergence in the analyses proposed. A substantive introduction summarises and discusses the main results, providing an integrative picture of individual and common results. This is the first representative collection of articles on this important topic. It is both conceptually coherent and of real theoretical importance.
Outcomes of Infants with Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis Born after 22 Weeks' Gestation — Our Experience between 1982 and 2000

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prognoses of the majority of infants with nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) remain poor. We retrospectively investigated our previous cases of NIHF to obtain perspectives for treatment of future NIHF. The medical records of 101 cases of mothers and NIHF infants delivered after 22 weeks' gestation in our center between 1982 and 2000 were investigated. The overall perinatal mortality of NIHF was 65.9%. There were 16 intrauterine fetal deaths and 49 early neonatal deaths (within 28 days after delivery) among the 101 cases. The poor mortality rate was attributed to structural anomaly (mortality, 66.7%), congenital structural heart disease without arrhythmia (mortality, 86.7%), twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (mortality, 80.0%) and cystic hygroma (mortality, 91.9%). There were significant differences between survival and early neonatal death for gestational age at referral, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes (p < 0.05). As the number of extravascular compartments with fluid accumulation increased, the neonatal prognosis became poorer. The outcome of NIHF correlated with the causal diseases. Earlier intrauterine intervention than occurred among the women and fetuses in this study may facilitate better prognoses for NIHF.
On the English Learning with NNS-NNS Pair Work Format in "EZ TALK" Program

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the late 20th century globalization has become a worldwide trend and English is by far the language of choice for international communications. Hence, learning English as a lingua franca (ELF) is a pressing issue for many non-English-speaking countries. In response to this issue the program ”EZ TALK,” pairs international graduate students on campus with domestic college students in an informal setting to engage in casual conversations in English in a NNS-NNS (non native speaker of English) pair work format. It provides the participants with a simulated environment where English is the only way to communicate, and thus encourages participants to practice oral communication skills. The objectives of this study aim to explore the learning attitudes of the participants and to measure the program effectiveness in improving their oral communication skills. Through quantitative research methods this study found that most ”EZ TALK” participants had a clear focus on developing the skills of English listening and speaking when coming into the program, but with certain learning preferences and difficulties. This study also showed that the program was effective as an extracurricular aid in improving the oral communications skill of the participants. Based on the research results, specific suggestions are provided for further improvement of the ”EZ TALK” program design.
Optimal purchase of two-itemized drugs for a disease

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper submits a mathematical model called the two-itemized drugs purchasing decision (TDPD) model to conduct the optimal purchase of two-itemized drugs for healing a given disease. This TDPD model considers not only the annual estimated number of patients suffering from the given disease, the treatment courses, and the unit profit of each drug, but also the strength of the patient's perception on treatment quality, the different purchasing price of each drug with quantity discounts, the ordering cost, the holding cost, and other related costs to determine the optimal order quantity of each drug for achieving the maximum profit. A computerized solving program proposed in this paper applies tabu search technique as the main program and the all-units quantity discounts for economic order quantity as the sub-program to solve such a combinatorial problem, as well as perform sensitivity analyses on the changes by the strength of the patient's perception on treatment quality and the changes of annual estimated number of patients for the given disease. Two drugs, Lipitor and Gemnpid, to heal a disease ‘Hyperlipidaemia’ are considered as a case example in this study. This paper contributes a prototype quantitative method of purchasing decision for a given disease to a decision-maker with profound insights.
Park Chang-hwa, From a Manuscript Recorder of Hwarangsegi(『花郞世紀』) to a Historian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

History of controversies on the authenticity of manuscript Hwarangsegi(『花郎世紀』) can be diverged by some stages after the book appeared in 1989. Around that year, the first stage can be set when scholars debated on how we should view the text itself. The second stage can be set when scholars debated on original text(‘母本’) of the book. After then, the debates on Hwarangsegi encountered a new stage in 1999 when Lee Jong-wook published a translated and annotated version of Hwarangsegi, and it became an ‘open text’. I think that another stage on the history of controversies on Hwarangsegi or its recorder can be set around 2003~2004. At this time, traces of Park Chang-hwa as a historian showed up clearly. To sum up his traces, he was not a groundbreaking historian, and also not an amateur historian. He lived his age itself, so he reflected the spirit of the age sensitively on his writings as just one historian at his age. I participated in excavations of Park Chang-hwa’s writings about this fact., so I tried to explain the situations at that time. After then, I insisted on placing Park Chang-hwa as a historian. He followed the spirit of the age thoroughly. At first, he was a thorough nationalist. Second, his view on history does not deviate from the methodologies of historical studies at that age. These stances appear consistently on his most writings. However, there is an exception of his nationalism, and that is Hwarangsegi. In Hwarangsegi, we cannot find chauvinist warrior Hwarang. It is different from an ideal type of ‘nation people’, which demonstrates loyalty to the state and demanded by 20th-century Korean nationalism. It shows clearly that Hwarangsegi was not created in the age of Park Chang-hwa. Debates on Hwarangsegi had looked like come to a state of a lull for some time, but Hwaragsegi became a subject of an academic conference recently again. That is hosted by Korea University Center for Korean History, named as ‘A view and writings on Korean history of Namdang Park Chang-hwa’, at Global Conference Hall of Centennial Memorial Samsung Hall in 20th October 2017. This conference has an importance to place Park Chang-hwa as a historian, but also exposed many limits. However, I do not want to evaluate everything by just one trial. Nevertheless, it became obvious that we should not evaluate Park Chang-hwa as just a manuscript recorder of Hwarangsegi, but should define him as a historian.
A Prospective Evaluation of Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Benign Pituitary Gland Lesion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has become the preferred approach for pituitary tumor resection. Nevertheless, research on quality of life related to pituitary adenoma surgery is scarce. Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate short-term quality of life in patients after endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors and to find predictors for poor quality of life (QOL) outcome. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted, including all patients who underwent EES for pituitary tumors in a tertiary medical referral center. Recruited patients completed the Anterior Skull Base Disease-Specific QOL (ASBS-Q) questionnaire and the Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire before surgery, 2 and 4 to 6 months after surgery. Demographic and clinical data was collected. Results Our study included 49 patients. The overall ASBS-Q scores significantly improved 4 to 6 months after surgery (4.46 vs. 4.2, p < 0.05). We found a significant improvement in QOL related to emotional state 2 months post surgery (4.41 vs. 3.87, p < 0.05), which became borderline significant 4 to 6 months post surgery. There was a significant improvement in pain (4.5 vs. 4.08, p < 0.05) and vitality (4.43 vs. 4.16, p < 0.05) domains 4 to 6 months post surgery. SNOT-22 scores did not change significantly postoperatively. Factors such as secreting and non-secreting tumors, tumor size, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, gross tumor resection, endocrine remission, and the use of nasoseptal flap reconstruction did not have a significant effect on QOL. Conclusion We found that patients after EES reported improved QOL 4 to 6 months post surgery. Specific improvement was noted in the QOL related to pain and vitality.
<b>Coronary Atherosclerotic Calcification</b>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery disease is a significant public health concern in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. It is characterized by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, leading to reduced or interrupted blood flow to myocardium. A hallmark of atherosclerosis is calcification, which may occur during both plaque progression and regression. To date, it remains unclear whether the progression of atherosclerotic lesions follows a linear pattern. The formation of microcalcifications initiates the calcification process and warrants further investigation. Several imaging modalities, which have significantly advanced, may help measure the coronary artery calcification burden and guide appropriate management. Concerns about radiation exposure have positioned coronary artery calcium scoring as the most effective,efficient, and readily observable parameter among both invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques. Identifying highrisk plaque characteristics and severe or extensive calcification is essential in order to provide optimal treatment. However, the progression of calcification remains uncertain, and ongoing research is being conducted to explore potential methods to reverse it. Various tools and complex techniques have been developed to address different types of calcified lesions. Further studies are needed to identify patients who experience more rapid calcification progression, in order to optimize preventive strategies.
Conserved Residues Asp16 and Pro24 of TnaC-tRNA Pro Participate in Tryptophan Induction of tna Operon Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli , interactions between the nascent TnaC-tRNA Pro peptidyl-tRNA and the translating ribosome create a tryptophan binding site in the ribosome where bound tryptophan inhibits TnaC-tRNA Pro cleavage. This inhibition delays ribosome release, thereby inhibiting Rho factor binding and action, resulting in increased tna operon transcription. Replacing Trp12 of TnaC with any other amino acid residue was previously shown to prevent tryptophan binding and induction of tna operon expression. Genome-wide comparisons of TnaC amino acid sequences identify Asp16 and Pro24, as well as Trp12, as highly conserved TnaC residues. Replacing these residues with other residues was previously shown to influence tryptophan induction of tna operon expression. In this study, in vitro analyses were performed to examine the potential roles of Asp16 and Pro24 in tna operon induction. Replacing Asp16 or Pro24 of TnaC of E. coli with other amino acids established that these residues are essential for free tryptophan binding and inhibition of TnaC-tRNA Pro cleavage at the peptidyl transferase center. Asp16 and Pro24 are in fact located in spatial positions corresponding to critical residues of AAP, another ribosome regulatory peptide. Sparsomycin-methylation protection studies further suggested that segments of 23S RNA were arranged differently in ribosomes bearing TnaCs with either the Asp16Ala or the Pro24Ala change. Thus, features of the amino acid sequence of TnaC of the nascent TnaC-tRNA Pro peptidyl-tRNA, in addition to the presence of Trp12, are necessary for the nascent peptide to create a tryptophan binding/inhibition site in the translating ribosome.