jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of age and gender on the relative fatigability of the human adductor pollicis muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influence of such factors as age, gender, and absolute force on the fatiguability of the human adductor pollicis muscle. 12 young males (YM, 25.3 ± 2.1 y), 12 young females (YF, 23.5 ± 2.1 y), 12 older males (OM, 71.7 ± 5.6 y) and 12 older females (OF, 69.5 ± 4.6 y) participated. Three minutes of intermittent (5 s contraction, 2 s rest) maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) were used to fatigue the adductor pollicis muscle; the ulnar nerve was also stimulated in each 2 s rest period to evoke a maximal twitch. Males were stronger than females in both voluntary and evoked force (PT) in the young age group (MVC: YM, 10.0 ± 2.7 kg vs. YF, 6.6 ± 1.1 kg, P < 0.05) (PT: YM, 0.99 ± 0.21 kg vs. YF, 0.71 ± 0.12 kg, P < 0.05). In the older adults, however, males were stronger only in the evoked twitch (OM, 0.73 ± 0.24 kg vs. OF, 0.48 ± 0.07 kg, P < 0.05). There was no significant effect of gender or absolute muscle force on relative fatigability; the only variable found to significantly affect fatigability was age. Older adults were significantly less fatigable than young adults as indicated by the voluntary fatigue index (FI) (percentage of force reduction from baseline; FI-young, 40.2 ± 12.6% vs. FI-old, 25.2 ± 12.3%). This age effect, however, was more prominent in males than females (FI-YM, 44.7 ± 10.5% vs. FI-OM, 24.2 ± 10.7%, P < 0.01; FI-YF, 37.8 ± 14.1% vs. FI-OF, 26.3 ± 14.5%, P = 0.13). In conclusion, age was found to be the strongest single predictor of fatigability during short duration, intermittent exercise in human adductor pollicis muscle.Key words: neuromuscular fatigue, gender, age, muscle membrane excitability, absolute force.
EMP2 as a novel target of bladder cancer immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CONCLUSIONS: Periostin plays a heretofore unrecognized role in MIBC. Its expression in bladder cancer epithelial cells is related to the acquisition of an invasive phenotype and may be a promising therapeutic target, and the ability of EV containing high levels of periostin to influence recipient cells invites further study. The easy detectability of periostin in urine EV suggests its suitability as a biomarker of MIBC progression and a possible alternative to expensive cystoscopic surveillance
Accounting information and the quality of financial managerial decisions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Accounting information is an ingredient in most, if not all, financial managerial decisions. In developed economies, these decisions are worth billions of dollars each year. In some cases, the decisions are lacking in quality. Con sequently, if research can improve decision making through improved information, society will benefit. This paper argues that, in management decision-making, accounting information affects decision quality via three intervening variables: uncertainty, information load and data load. The paper discusses the effects accounting information has on these variables, and the effects they, in turn, have on decision quality. The paper goes on to discuss the future research that is needed in the area before the current knowledge can be applied in practice with any precision.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE IDOSOS ASSISTIDOS POR UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DO INTERIOR PAULISTA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim was to verify the association between food insecurity (FI) and food consumption of elderly people assisted by a Family Health Strategy (FHE). Sixteen elderly people, of both sexes, with a mean age of 69.13 years and BMI of 29.23 kg/m2 were evaluated. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recall were used. Weight and height were taken from the patients' records. It was observed that 37.5% of the elderly were in mild AI, 31.25% in moderate AI, 18.75% in severe AI and only 12.5% in food security. Individuals do not consume skimmed milk and have frequent intake of eggs, sausages, margarine, refined cereals, industrialized beverages, sweets and candies. And little or no use of olive oil and whole grains. No significant association between AI and food consumption. It is concluded that there was no association between food insecurity and food consumption in elderly people assisted by an ESF.
nAChR‐induced octopamine release mediates the effect of nicotine on a startle response in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Biogenic amines (BAs) play a central role in the generation of complex behaviors in vertebrates and invertebrates, including the fly Drosophila melanogaster . The comparative advantages of Drosophila as a genetic model to study the contribution of BAs to behaviors stumble upon the difficulty to access the fly brain to ask relevant physiological questions. For instance, it is not known whether the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChR s) induces the release of BAs in fly brain, a phenomenon associated to several behaviors in vertebrates. Here, we describe a new preparation to study the efflux of BAs in the adult fly brain by in vitro chronoamperometry. Using this preparation we show that nAChR agonists including nicotine induce a fast, transient, dose‐dependent efflux of endogenous BAs, an effect mediated by α‐bungarotoxin‐sensitive nAChR s. By using different genetic tools we demonstrate that the BA whose efflux is induced by nAChR activation is octopamine (Oct). Furthermore, we show that the impairment of a mechanically induced startle response after nicotine exposure is not observed in flies deficient in Oct transmission. Thus, our data show that the efflux of BAs in Drosophila brain is increased by nAChR activation as in vertebrates, and that then AChR‐induced Oct release could have implications in a nicotine‐induced behavioral response.
Wine makings by the yeast isolated from raisin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The authors expected that the raisin-origin Iizuka yeast would have potential faculties for wine makings, and performed the new wine making by this yeast. The Iizuka yeast revealed the enough sulfite tolerance for the wine makings and the suitable concentration of sulfite to add was up to 100 ppm. The wine made from whole normal grapes by the yeast showed the certain tendency to higher non-volatile compounds and lower total acidity than commercial control wine. Especially, the red wine produced using Muscat berry A contained the higher levels of alcohol, non-volatile compounds, and reducing sugar. The analysis of aromas of the wines by the application of an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) showed high flavor dilution (FD) factor ranges of certain compounds which can be supposed as 3-methylbutanol and β-damascenone. These results indicated that the Iizuka yeast has the potentially enough faculties for the wine making. Careful and appropriate improvements shall be necessary to make more marvelous wine that is featuring the faculties of the Iizuka yeast.
Service branding : the development of a typology of service brands at the corporate level

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper shows and discusses a typology of service brands at the corporate level. The typology emerges from a\ncombination of two constructs: ‘customer base’ and ‘competitive environments’. The service brands are conceptualized\nas modes of maintenance, surveillance and dynamic changes, which are shown in a 2x2 matric. The service brand\ntypology is discussed, and the paper explains that dynamic change is preferred in turbulent, competitive, complex and\ndynamic environments with a shifting and dynamic customer base. A set of implications is offered, i.e. theoretically\nthat a high degree of customer and competitor focus is in alignment with the service brand conceptualized as dynamic\nchange. The paper contributes to the extant knowledge of service branding by its discussion of a typology of service\nbrands at the company brand level in service enterprises.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of the Fatigue Flexural Behavior of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The fatigue flexural behavior of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams was experimentally and analytically examined. Seven beams were constructed and tested, and an analytical fatigue prediction model (FPM) was proposed to assess the fatigue behavior of the corroded beams. After validating the FPM with the experimental test results, the FPM was then extended to better understand the effects of the degree of steel corrosion, the corrosion pit geometry, and the fatigue load level on the performance of corroded RC beams. The results show that the fatigue behavior of the corroded steel bars determines the fatigue behavior of the beams. Rebar corrosion has a significant detrimental effect on the fatigue performance of RC beams due to stress concentration, loss of steel cross-sectional area, and diminished bonding at the steel–concrete interface. The stress concentrations increase with increasing pit width-to-length and depth-to-diameter ratios. Differences in pit geometry and the resulting changes in stress concentrations due to corrosion should be considered when assessing fatigue performance.
Women on the Bench in Oregon: Mark O. Hatfield Lecture Series Post-Lecture Discussion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On Tuesday, January 12, 2021, Evan Thomas, spoke about his book, First: Sandra Day O’Connor, as part of the Oregon Historical Society’s (OHS) annual Mark O. Hatfield. This roundtable discussion was a special event held on Thursday, January 14, 2021, following the lecture. OHS Executive Director Kerry Tymchuk moderated the discussion between women judges of Oregon — Judge Ann Aiken, Judge Darleen Ortega, Justice Adrienne Nelson, and Chief Justice Martha Walters — who reflected on their experiences as women in these roles. Due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, Thomas’s talk and this roundtable were held virtually.
Vāyuviṣṇu in the <i>Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka</i>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka is a Mahāyāna scripture compiled around the 4th century. The leading role in this scripture is played by Samudrareṇu brāhmaṇa, who is a past life of Śākyamuni. Within the Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka the brāhmaṇa called Vāyuviṣṇu receives appraisal equal to him. In this paper, I considered the intention through which Vāyuviṣṇu appeared in the Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka. The results are as follows.
Retracted: Breaking Stress Criterion That Changes Everything We Know about Materials Failure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The perennial deficiencies of the failure models in the materials field have profoundly and significantly impacted all associated technical fields that depend on accurate failure predictions. The heart of this study is the presentation of a methodology that identifies a newly derived one-parameter criterion as the only general failure theory for noncompressible, homogeneous, and isotropic materials subjected to multiaxial states of stress and various boundary conditions, providing the solution to this longstanding problem. This theory is the counterpart and companion piece to the theory of elasticity and is in a formalism that is suitable for broad application. Utilizing advanced finite-element analysis, the maximum internal breaking stress corresponding to the maximum applied external force is identified as a unified and universal material failure criterion for determining the structural capacity of any system, regardless of its geometry or architecture. A comparison between the proposed criterion and methodology against design codes reveals that current provisions may underestimate the structural capacity by 2.17 times or overestimate the capacity by 2.096 times. It also shows that existing standards may underestimate the structural capacity by 1.4 times or overestimate the capacity by 2.49 times. The proposed failure criterion and methodology will pave the way for a new era in designing unconventional structural systems composed of unconventional materials.
Implementation of the Lean Manufacturing 6S Technique - Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Lean Manufacturing is an integrated socio-technical system, whose main objective is to eliminate waste.One of the basic techniques of Lean Manufacturing is the 6S technique which helps to improve productivity.The 6S technique is not only the basis for all improvements, but also it supports the positive motivation of employees and ensures a pleasant working environment and fewer quality problems.Last but not the least, it contributes greatly to the company image.In this paper, aspects about the 6S technique implementation on a manufacturing company of upholstered furniture are presented, the process being implemented from 2020.The progress of the 6S technique indicators (Safety, Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize and Sustain) were monitored and corrective measures were applied for the occurred problems.The implementation of the 6S technique was successful in both production and office areas and great improvements were noticed, as following: increase of workers and machines safety, stocks level reducing, quality improving, mistakes prevention by visual management, over-processing and waste elimination.One of the major benefits of the applying the 6S technique in the company is considered the employees morale increase because anyone works more efficiently in an orderly and clean workplace.
Axiomatizability by a schema

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A theory T is axiomatizable by a schema if there is a formula Γ, involving symbols of T plus a new relation symbol R , such that the set of all (universal closures of) instances of Γ in T is a set of axioms for T. (It is understood that, if R has n places, an instance of Γ in T is obtained by properly substituting for R in Γ a formula of T which has n selected free variables and is allowed to have any number of other free variables as parameters.) Obviously, the notion is unchanged if finitely many Γ's, each involving several new R 's, are allowed instead. All theories we consider are assumed to be theories in the first-order logic with equality (as in [8]), to have finitely many nonlogical symbols, and to be recursively axiomatizable.
How Successful People Make the Most of Their sexy escorts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Here&rsquo;s my basic definition of an escort: it&rsquo;s anyone who runs their own business, offering hands-on sexy services in exchange for payment. A date with an escort often closely resembles a real-life date: you might go out to dinner together, talk for hours, and spend time getting to know each other. Or, like a good hook up, you might jump straight into bed together and discover some sizzling sexual chemistry.
Ultra‐thin (002)‐oriented Al‐doped zinc oxide transparent electrode grown on oxygen‐controlled homo‐seed layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Highly (002)‐oriented Al‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films with the thickness of less than 200 nm have been deposited on an oxygen‐controlled homo‐seed layer at 200 °C by DC magnetron sputtering. With the homo‐seed layer being employed, the full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) diffraction peak for the AZO ultra‐thin films decreased from 0.33° to 0.22°, and, the corresponding average grain size increased from 26.8 nm to 43.0 nm. The XRD rocking curves revealed that the AZO ultra‐thin film grown on the seed layer deposited in atmosphere of O 2 /Ar of 0.09 exhibited the most excellent structural order. The AZO ultra‐thin film with homo‐seed layer reached a resistivity of 4.2 × 10 –4 Ω cm, carrier concentration of 5.2 × 10 20 cm –3 and mobility of 28.8 cm 2 V –1 s –1 . The average transmittance of the AZO ultra‐thin film with homo‐seed layer reached 85.4% in the range of 380–780 nm including the substrate. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EFFECTS OF ROSUVASTATIN ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA: 5D.06

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims: Blood pressure lowering effects of statins remains controversial, although it has been reported endothelium-dependent vasodilation wich is reduced in dyslipidemic subjects. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of rosuvastatin on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects with dyslipidemia. Subjects and Methods: 57 subjects with essential hypertension were included, 54.5 ± 9.3 years old (31 women). All of them were previously treated with ACEI, ARB or calcium channel blockers. As they were hypercholesterolemic, they were allocated to receive either dietary therapy or a dose of 10 mg of rosuvastatin (qd) at bedtime administration for 8 weeks. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was used to analyse effects on 24-hour blood pressure before and after treatment. Results: Neither 24-hour blood pressure nor lipid profile changes were detected on those subjects after 8 weeks with dietary therapy. On the opposite, those who received rosuvastatin 10 mg(qd) at bedtime (n: 30), systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure decreased 5.3 and 4.1 mmHg. Also daytime and nighttime blood pressure decreased (4.7/5 mmHg at daytime and 7.6/4.5 at nighttime) p < 0.0001. Higher nocturnal blood pressure fall was evident with rosuvastatin (2.64%, p < 0.05). Total and LDL-cholesterol reduced and lipid goals were achieved at 73.3% of those subjects receiving rosuvastatin. Conclusions: Rosuvastatin reduces ambulatory blood pressure and increases nocturnal blood pressure decline when administered at bedtime apart from its lipid lowering effects. This blood pressure lowering effect may be related to improved endothelium dysfunction that use to be common at dyslipidemic subjects.
Literary traveller as reader: Reading Alice Munro's Lives of Girls and Women in Huron County

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of reading and being a reader within sites of literary significance. In this case, the investigation specifically pertains to the experience of a reader of Alice Munro’s Lives of Girls and Women (1971) while visiting sites of significance related to the author and text. Though the literature related to literary travel is robust from a tourism standpoint, there is a need for studies that explore literary travel from literacy and literary perspectives, shifting the focus from the literary traveller as consumer to the literary traveller as reader. This study contributed to the filling of this gap. Using an auto-hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the researcher-participant visited sites in southwestern Ontario that are connected to Alice Munro and Lives of Girls and Women and recorded her experiences as a reader within that literary landscape. Through data analysis and interpretation, the researcher-participant discovered that her lived experience of literary travel included concretisation, exploration, negotiation, and connection. These findings indicated that, for this reader-traveller, literary travel provided the opportunity to engage in reading processes that deepened literary understanding and enhanced appreciation of this text and the author.
Use of cannabis and other illicit drugs.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Health Reports, Vol. 15, No. 4, July 2004 Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003 In 2002, about 3 million Canadians aged 15 or older, or 12.2%, admitted having used cannabis—that is, marijuana or hashish—at least once in the previous 12 months. This estimate, based on data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), represents a significant increase in self-reported drug use over the last decade. In 1989, 6.5% of Canadians reported using cannabis; by 1994, the figure had risen to 7.4%.1,2 This rise in drug use mirrors another recent study, which showed increased cannabis use among Ontario high school students over the same period.3 It may also partly reflect changing attitudes about drug use.
The Formation of Authoritarian Rule in Poland between 1926 and 1939 as a Research Problem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the aftermath of the First World War, many countries in Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe experienced authoritarian rule due to the political and economic turmoil of the era.The similarities and differences among various European authoritarian regimes have been extensively studied in both Polish and international scholarly literature.The case of authoritarian rule in Poland, particularly following the May Coup of 1926, is notable for its unique origins.Rooted in a period when Poland lacked statehood and fuelled by the armed independence irredentist movements of the First World War and the preceding years, Polish authoritarianism evolved from initial ideals of freedom and democracy.Central to this phenomenon was Marshal Józef Piłsudski, the ideological leader of Poland's ruling camp after the May Coup of 1926.This article presents an analysis of the current state of research on authoritarian rule in the Second Polish Republic, examining its origins, mechanisms, and distinctive features.It also outlines the key research postulates according to the author.The article seeks to answer why the liberationist and seemingly democratic movement of the former Polish independence irredentist camp became disillusioned with democracy and parliamentarism in the newly reborn independent Poland, eventually adopting authoritarian rule.
77P BRCA mutations may induce immune-resistance in breast cancer patients treated with IO-only approach: A retrospective analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunotherapy (IO) has been recently introduced in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapeutic algorithm, however no predictive biomarkers beyond PDL-1 expression demonstrated utility in clinical practice. BRCA mutations account for 15-20% of TNBC, with a positive association with platinum response and an inflammatory background on tumor tissue. Preclinical evidences demonstrated a lack of T-cell activation in BRCA-mutant (BRCAm) tumors due to an HLA machinery defects, but no subgroup effects were observed in IO pivotal trials evaluating chemotherapy-IO combinations. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of germline BRCA mutations in consecutive BC patients underwent any-line IO-only treatment in phase I/II trials at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in Milan. Only mutations evaluated as pathogenic after genetic counselling were considered. IO treatment included PD(L)1, LAG3 and ICOS inhibitors, single agents or in combination. Statistical analysis were performed with RStudio software v2022.07.0. Of 39 pts treated with IO from June 2016 to September 2022, 22 had available germline BRCA status. 4 pts exhibited mutations in BRCA1 gene, 1 in BRCA2. All pts had triple-negative histology, except one (HR+). Median number of previous treatment lines for metastatic disease was 2 (1-8), without significant difference among BRCA groups (p=0.872). None of the other clinical features evaluated significantly differ among BRCA groups. 18 (81.8%) patients received platinum compound as therapy for metastatic disease, while 4 (18.2) received a PARP inhibitor. BRCAm pts demonstrated a significantly shorted PFS compared to wild-type (1.7 vs 3.6 months; HR 4.12, CI 95% 1.32-12.89, p=0.015), whereas a non-significant trend toward a worse OS was observed in BRCAm pts (77.1 vs 42.0 months; HR 2.31, CI 95% 0.65-8.24, p=0.199). A numerically higher primary resistance rate was also observed in BRCAm pts (80% vs 50%). In our small retrospective cohort, the presence of a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1/2 genes resulted in reduced benefit to IO-alone approach. If confirmed in a wider and prospective cohort, these results could guide the decision on first-line treatment of BRCAm TNBC.