jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrated approach in the treatment of metabolic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the integrated approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) aiming to correct all of its components versus standard therapy using clinical outcomes (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid levels), assessment of psychological status (Beck Depression Inventory), and quality of life (SF-36). Methods: A total of 60 patients with MS were included in the study. The study group (30 subjects mean age 41.0±11 years, women - 23 (76.7%), men - 7 (23.3%)) received the complex therapy of MS - pharmacotherapy of obesity (orlistat) and insulin resistance (metformin), lipid-lowering therapy (statins or fibrates), antihypertensive therapy. Control group (30 patients mean age 43.4±9.5 years, women - 26 (86.7%), men - 4 (13.3%)) was treated with statins or fibrates and received antihypertensive therapy when needed. At the inclusion in the study and after 6 months of therapy all patients underwent clinical and laboratory investigation, assessment of depression and quality of life. Results: We found a more significant reduction of all clinical outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism), a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of the depression, and an improvement in the quality of life in patients of study group compared with standard therapy. Conclusion: Complex treatment of the MS, including pharmacotherapy of obesity (orlistat, Xenical) and insulin resistance (metformin, Glucophage) is characterized by a greater clinical efficacy compared with standard therapy.
When dehumanization wounds: The role of executive functions in decisions to shoot.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the moderator effect of the executive functions on the consequences of outgroup dehumanization. In particular, we tested whether the denial of humanity leads to decide of shooting armed Moroccan targets (outgroup) more quickly compared to armed Italian targets (ingroup). We also tested whether this bias is only present among participants with lower control on their behavior (Kleider & Parrott, 2009). Participants (Italian university students) performed three computer tasks: 1. a Stroop task to measure the executive control; 2. a SCIAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) to measure the implicit humanity bias toward Moroccans; 3. a modified version of the Shooter task (see Correll et al., 2002) to measure violent behavior.\nTo test moderation, hierarchical regression was applied. Results fully confirmed hypotheses: outgroup dehumanization predicted faster latencies in shooting Moroccan stimuli compared to Italian, only for participants with high Stroop interference. This study provides first evidence of the moderator role of executive functions for the relation between dehumanization and violent behaviors. Individuals with an efficient cognitive control can inhibit the tendency to be violent toward dehumanized targets; individuals with a less efficient cognitive control, instead, may easily perform violent acts toward dehumanized groups. Social implications of findings are discussed.
Gait-based gender classification in unconstrained environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the problem of gait-based gender classification in unconstrained environments. Different from existing human gait analysis and recognition methods which assume that humans walk in controlled environments, we aim to recognize human gender from uncontrolled gaits in which people can walk freely and the walking direction of human gaits may be time-varying in a singe video clip. Given each gait sequence collected in an uncontrolled manner, we first obtain human silhouettes using background substraction and cluster them into several groups. For each group, we compute the averaged gait image (AGI) as features. Then, we learn a distance metric under which the intraclass variations are minimized and the interclass variations are maximized, simultaneously, such that more discriminative information can be exploited for gender classification. Experimental results on our dataset demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Leaf gas exchange and bean quality fluctuations over the whole canopy vertical profile of Arabic coffee cultivated under elevated CO2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaves in different positions respond differently to dynamic ﬂuctuations in light availability, temperature and to multiple environmental stresses. The current hypothesis states that elevated atmospheric CO2 (e[CO2]) can compensate for the negative effects of water scarcity regarding leaf gas exchanges and coffee bean quality traits over the canopy vertical profile, in interactions with light and temperature microclimate during the two final stages of berry development. Responses of Coffea arabica L. were observed in the 5th year of a free air CO2 enrichment experiment (FACE) under water-limited rainfed conditions. The light dependent leaf photosynthesis curves (A/PAR) were modelled for leaves sampled from vertical profile divided into four 50-cm thick layers. e[CO2] significantly increased gross photosynthesis (AmaxGross), the apparent quantum yield efficiency, light compensation point, light saturation point (LSP) and dark respiration rate (Rd). As a specific stage response, considering berry ripening, all parameters calculated from A/PAR were insensitive to leaf position over the vertical profile. Lack of a progressive increase in AmaxGross and LSP was observed over the whole canopy profile in both stages, especially in the two lowest layers, indicating leaf plasticity to light. Negative correlation of Rd to leaf temperature (TL) was observed under e[CO2] in both stages. Under e[CO2], stomatal conductance was also negatively correlated with TL, reducing leaf transpiration and Rd even with increasing TL. This indicated coffee leaf acclimation to elevated temperatures under e[CO2] and water restriction. The e[CO2] attenuation occurred under water restriction, especially in A and water use efficiency, in both stages, with the exception of the lowest two layers. Under e[CO2], coffee produced berries in moderate- and high light level layers, with homogeneous distribution among them, contrasted to the heterogeneous distribution under actual CO2. e[CO2] led to increased caffeine content in the highest layer, with reduction of chlorogenic acid and lipids under moderate light and to raised levels of sugar in the shaded low layer. The ability of coffee to respond to e[CO2] under limited soil water was expressed through the integrated individual leaf capacities to use the available light and water, resulting in final plant investments in new reproductive structures in moderate and high light level layers.
Shear responses of $[\bar{1}\,1\,0]$ -tilt {1 1 5}/{1 1 1} asymmetric tilt grain boundaries in fcc metals by atomistic simulations

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The shear response of the -tilt and -tilt (1 1 5)/(1 1 1) asymmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs) in fcc metals Cu and Al has been studied by atomistic simulation methods with the embedded atom method interatomic potentials and with a bicrystal model. It is found that the structure of the GBs studied can be well described by the coincidence site lattice (CSL) theory. Shear of these GBs at room temperature along eight different directions within the GB plane shows that these two types of GBs can transform between each other by the formation of a coherent twin boundary. The structure transformation of the GBs can also take the form of GB sliding, GB sliding–migration coupled motion, GB faceting, GB 9R structure formation, etc, depending on the shear directions adopted and the material involved (Cu or Al). The detailed structure transformation mechanisms have been analyzed with the aid of the CSL–DSC (displacement shift complete) theory. Several structure transformation paths adherent to these two types of GBs have been identified for the activation of the GB sliding–migration coupled motion. It is concluded that, although CSL–DSC theory can be applied to describe the sliding–migration coupled motion of the GBs studied, some other effects such as the shear direction within the GB plane and the bonding characteristics of the materials should also play a significant role in the shear response of these GBs.
Reading, writing and apprenticeships: developing an authentic reading and assessment strategy for graduate apprenticeships.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recent launch of graduate apprenticeships in Scotland requires participating universities to collaborate closely with employers to design and develop innovative curricula to enable apprentices to acquire new knowledge and develop relevant skills both in a traditional university learning and teaching setting as well as in the workplace. This paper argues that the additional context of learning situated in the workplace provides a particular impetus to consider and reflect the requirement and deployment of authentic reading strategies and authentic assessment regimes as essential design elements in these programmes. We present a discussion of the approach we are adopting to designing curricula and preparing learning and assessment resources for graduate apprenticeships in Business Management and Business Management: Financial Services. We focus here specifically on our plans for helping apprentices on these programmes to navigate the plethora of information resources available to them and develop effective reading strategies and information literacy skills in both academic and professional contexts. We indicate how the enhancement of these skills forms an important precursor to tackling the authentic assessments designed for apprentices to evidence their professional and academic learning during their apprenticeships. Our planning and design activity draws first on aspects of our recent research into reading skills and strategies among professionals and business students, as well as on our established track record of delivering a variety of work-based learning programmes. It is envisaged that findings and lessons learned from our work will help guide and inform other institutions across the UK as they establish curricula for graduate or degree apprenticeships.
Principles of Senior Civil Service in Kazakhstan: Integrity, Professionalism, and Ethics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the experiences of Singapore, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States demonstrate effective and responsive civil service systems often have a senior civil servicelevel. It is named differently in different countries, for instance, inthe Netherlands – de Algemene Bestuursdienst (or in short – ADB),in the UK – Senior Civil Service, in Singapore – Administrativeservice. In Kazakhstan it has been named “corps A”. Corps A is an executive level of civil service envisioned to ensure the link between the strategic decision-making and implementation, as well as provide continuity of human resources policy and long-termperformance of a state agency. The current civil service reform in Kazakhstan, particularly introduction of the executive level – corps A, promotes the ideals of serving the people and society at large. Such profound changes that require civil service transparency, public accountability and efficient delivery of quality public services aim at increasing the number of civil servants for whom integrity, professionalism and ethics are paramount principles.
How valuable are shopbots?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The price information that shopbots provide to buyers is clearly valuable, as it enables them to make a better informed choice of product and vendor. We quantify the value of this price information to the buyer in terms of the price dispersion and the buyer's brand preferences, and consider scenarios in which the buyer pays a seller, a shopbot, or some other third party for price information. As an illustration, we compute the value of price information of well known retailers in online book markets, using data on price dispersion and brand preferences reported by Smith and Brynjolfsson, finding that information about a book's price can be about 6% to 10% as valuable as the book itself.
Decreased first-pass metabolism of labetalol in chronic liver disease.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of chronic liver disease on the rate of elimination and extent of "first-pass" metabolism of labetalol was studied. Pharmacokinetic measurements were made after both oral and intravenous administration to seven healthy subjects and to 10 patients with chronic liver disease. Plasma half life was similar in the two groups. Plasma concentrations were considerably higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects after oral administration but similar after intravenous injection. Thus the bioavailability of labetalol was increased in liver disease due to reduced first-pass metabolism. Bioavailability in the group of patients correlated negatively with serum albumin concentration. There were falls in supine heart rate and blood pressure which tended to be greater after oral administration in the patients with liver disease, suggesting an exaggerated response related to the increased bioavailability. Oral dosage requirements of labetalol and possibly other drugs susceptible to first-pass metabolism are reduced in the presence of liver disease.
Evolution of the climatological near‐surface thermal structure of the tropical Indian Ocean: 1. Description of mean monthly mixed layer depth, and sea surface temperature, surface current, and surface meteorological fields

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mean monthly mixed layer depth (MLD), sea surface temperature (SST), and surface current climatologies are generated for the tropical Indian Ocean. In addition, surface meteorological climatologies are produced for those variables which could influence the evolution of the MLD and SST fields. Only the MLD climatology is described in detail, as climatologies for the other variables have appeared previously in the literature. The sum of the annual and semiannual harmonics account for greater than 75% of the energy in the MLD time series over most of the basin. The amplitude of the annual signal is greater than 20 m between 10°S and 25°S, with deepest MLDs observed during the southern hemisphere winter. The south central Arabian Sea, between the equator and 10°N, and the northern Arabian Sea are also regions of larger annual harmonic amplitude (>15 m). The amplitude of the semiannual harmonic is largest in the central Arabian Sea (>25 m). Deepest MLDs are observed there during the height of the two monsoon seasons. Correlation coefficients are computed between MLD and SST and several other oceanographic and meteorological variables to explore possible causal relationships. Net energy flux through the sea surface can account for 75% of the variance in the SST and MLD time series over most of the region south of the equator. Large coefficients are also observed in the northwestern Arabian Sea. Correlations between SST and MLD and surface currents are in general small throughout the region, with maxima observed in the central Arabian Sea, in the vicinity of the South Equatorial Current and in the extreme eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. These correlations will be examined in more detail in part 2 of this study in which simple models of mixed layer dynamics are employed.
Medicago polymorpha L. APG 32324

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Medicago polymorpha L.
Common name(s): Medics
Other names: EXSA 27444
Conserved by: Australian Pastures Genebank of the South Australian Research and Development Institute (APG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: APG 32324
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1996-11-20
Other identifiers: n/a,EXSA 27444, n/a,CPI 128225, n/a,SA 32324, n/a,IRQ 86.2, n/a,ALP 1.4
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Getting to Grips with On-the-Job Training.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This booklet is part of the Getting to Grips with... series, which is intended for the general reader who wants to understand important trends in vocational education and training. It is designed to provide the reader with an understanding of the main practical aspects of on-the-job training. The booklet is n two parts. The first part, a description of the subject matter that should be clear to any interested layperson, covers the following topics: (1) the need for efi'ective on-the-:ob training in Australia; (2) how to determine training needs; (3) different approaches and methods of on-the-job training; (4) how to deliver on-the-job training; and (5) how to evaluate on-the-job training programs. These topics are illustrated by three case studies taken from a range of Australian enterprises. The second part gives -n annotated list of 26 publications for those who want to read furthi. Each annotation consists of the author or sponsoring organization, publication data, title, publisher, and content summary. (YLB) ***********************0**********************************************0 * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can De made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************
Autonomic regulation of preterm infants is enhanced by Family Nurture Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Preterm infants have maturational delays in several neurobehavioral systems. This study assesses the impact of the Family Nurture Intervention (FNI) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the maturation of autonomic regulation of preterm infants. Preterm infants born at 26–34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) were assigned to groups receiving either standard care (SC) or SC plus FNI, using a randomized controlled trial design. At two collection time points, approximately 35 weeks and 41 weeks PMA, electrocardiograms (ECG) were monitored for approximately 1 hour during sleep. Heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were quantified from the ECG. Across the two time points, the FNI group exhibited greater increases in RSA (Cohen's d = 0.35) and slope between RSA and heart rate, as a measure of vagal efficiency (Cohen's d = 0.62). These results document that FNI resulted in enhanced autonomic regulation consistent with greater maturation of cardiac function. These and previous findings strongly suggest that facilitating early nurturing interactions and emotional connection between preterm infants and their mothers is a practicable and effective means of optimizing postnatal development in preterm infants. Interpretation of these autonomic function results also enriches our understanding of the potential long‐term beneficial outcomes of FNI by drawing upon polyvagal theory, which explains how autonomic state provides a neurophysiological platform for optimal co‐regulation between infant and caregiver, and by drawing upon calming cycle theory, which provides a model for understanding how repeated mother/infant calming interactions positively condition autonomic state and reinforce approach, prosocial behaviors.
Haem precursors and porphobilinogen deaminase in erythrocytes and lymphocytes of patients with acute intermittent porphyria.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with AIP can be subdivided into three different groups concerning their PBGD activity in erythrocytes: The first of which has lowered, the second overlapping and the third normal PBGD activity. Out of 385 AIP patients 87% had lowered, 8% had overlapping and 5% had normal PBGD activity. Gene carriers of AIP having slight, moderate or high metabolic aberrations of excretion parameters are recognized by analysis of urinary haem precursors and faecal porphyrins. The haem precursor excretion of the groups with lowered, overlapping and normal PBGD activity in erythrocytes compared to each other is not significantly different but differs significantly (p < 0.001) from the normal values. One individual suffering from AIP was detected in a family with normal PBGD. Lymphocytes can be stored in liquid nitrogen for 3 months without loss of PBGD activity. Specific PBGD activity in lymphocytes is 5% from specific PBGD activity in erythrocytes. In AIP patients with lowered specific PBGD activity in erythrocytes specific PBGD activity is lowered to the same extent in their lymphocytes.
Cranial shape variation and phylogenetic relationships of extinct and extant Old World leaf-nosed bats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Laura A.B. Wilson [laura.wilson@unsw.edu.au], Suzanne J. Hand [s.hand@unsw.edu.au], Camilo López-Aguirre [c.lopez-aguirre@unsw.edu.au], Michael Archer [m.archer@unsw.edu.au] and Karen H. Black [k.black@unsw.edu.au], PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052; Robin M.D. Beck [r.m.d.beck@salford.ac.uk], School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; Kyle N. Armstrong* [kyle.armstrong@adelaide.edu.au], Department of Genetics and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. *Also affiliated with South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Stephen Wroe [swroe@une.edu.au], School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia. Received 24.2.2016; revised 4.5.2016; accepted 20.5.2016.