jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P33 Patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia report forced expiratory manoeuvres during pulmonary function tests provoke nosebleeds and migraines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and objectives

Forced expiratory manoeuvres during lung function testing produce major pressure swings that are often overlooked by referring clinicians. Standard tests use a noseclip to prevent air leakage through the nose. Our goal was to examine how often the tests caused clinical sequelae such as nosebleeds in people with abnormal nasal and pulmonary vasculature due to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Methods

With ethical approval, self-reported migraine features and exacerbations were examined in HHT subjects with and without pulmonary AVMs, for a series of noninvasive and invasive investigations, using an unbiased online survey.

Results

Of 677 HHT-affected participants, 284 reported performing forced expiratory manoeuvres either with or without a noseclip in place. The median age was 54 years (interqurtile range 44–62) and the majority were female. All described nosebleeds: 130 (46%) experienced these at least daily, and a further 95 (33%) at least once per week. Only 1 of 253 (0.4%) reported nosebleeds were worse after finger oximetry measurements, compared to 53/282 (18.8%) after “blowing out hard without a noseclip” (chi-squared p < 0.0001). A higher proportion still reported nosebleeds were worse when a noseclip was used (66/192 (34.3%, p = 0.0003)). Similarly, migraine headaches (which are more frequent in people with HHT), were reported to be worse after forced expiratory manoeuvres both with (10/85 (11.7%) and without (11/105 (10.5%)) a noseclip, but not after oximetry or being weighed.

Conclusion

Noseclip use should be restricted in people already experiencing regular nosebleeds, and further pretest information may be required.
Simulation of crystal growth in multicomponent metastable alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A method for predicting the regularities of crystal growth from metastable melts has been developed. The process of crystal growth from a multicomponent melt is described by the methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, taking into account the mutual influence of thermal and diffusion processes. The application of a new variational approach to the constructed system of equations made it possible to obtain expressions of the crystal growth rate from a multicomponent melt convenient for practical calculations. The obtained technique allowed us to analyze the features of crystal growth at high rate of crystallization front, which leads to “impurity capture” effect – deviation from equilibrium conditions at the phase interface. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the growth rate of new phase particles and to estimate the effect of metastable effects on deviation of the components’ concentration at surface of the growing crystal from equilibrium values. Thus, using the obtained method, a “metastable” phase diagram of the system under study can be constructed. The developed approach is applied to the calculation of growth of α-Fe(Si) nanocrystals during annealing of amorphous alloy Fe 73,5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13,5 B 9 . The calculation results were compared with the results of the experiment on the alloy primary crystallization. It is shown that the concentration of Fe at the surface of the growing crystal does not significantly deviate from the equilibrium values. On the other hand, silicon atoms are captured by the crystallization front, silicon concentration at the surface of the growing nanocrystal deviates significantly from equilibrium values. The calculation has shown that after the initial crystallization of the amorphous phase, occurring at a temperature of 400 – 450 °C, the deviation of silicon concentration from equilibrium value is about 2 %, while this equilibrium value is about 13.3 %.
Fostering pre-service teachers’ perceived ability to implement dialogic teaching in Turkey: Examining the contributing factors of an intensive short-term teacher education program from the teacher-learners’ vantage point

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study reports the design, implementation, and evaluation of a 3-day intensive short-term teacher education program that was specifically designed and implemented with the aims of fostering English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher-learners’ ability to enact dialogic teaching in their teaching practices. Thirty pre-service English teachers from 13 different universities across Turkey participated in the program and their perspectives of the effectiveness of the program in reaching its objectives were investigated to examine: (1) to what extent they felt their ability to implement dialogic teaching practices had improved, and (2) which specific factors from the program they felt specifically contributed to their development. Data were collected over a 4-week period, and included pre/post-course self-evaluation scales, during-course session evaluation forms, post-course evaluation forms, and interviews. Overall, the findings suggest the importance of intensive short-term teacher education programs with similar objectives consisting of: (1) instructors who are both knowledgeable and good models of what they are teaching in the context they are preparing teachers for; (2) content that is up to date, contextually related, and organized in a way that builds up both knowledge and practical skills; and (3) methods and activities in which teacher-learners experience what they are being taught both from a student’s and teacher’s perspective. The findings of this study hold important implications for various stakeholders involved in English teacher education, and teacher education program development, thus, practical suggestions are discussed regarding how future teacher education programs with related objectives may be designed and implemented to better foster attendees’ ability to apply what they learn at the classroom level.
Nanostructured Inorganic Chalcogenide-Carbon Nanotube Yarn having a High Thermoelectric Power Factor at Low Temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As power-conversion devices, flexible thermoelectrics that enable conformal contact with heat sources of arbitrary shape are attractive. However, the low performance of flexible thermoelectric materials, which does not exceed those of brittle inorganic counterparts, hampers their practical applications. Herein, we propose inorganic chalcogenide-nanostructured carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns with outstanding power factor at a low temperature using electrochemical deposition. The inorganic chalcogenide-nanostructured CNT yarns exhibit the power factors of 3425 and 2730 μW/(m·K2) at 298 K for the p- and n-type, respectively, which is higher than those of previously reported flexible TE materials. On the basis of excellent performance and geometry advantage of the nanostructured CNT yarn for modular design, all-CNT based thermoelectric generators have been easily fabricated, showing the maximum power densities of 24 and 380 mW/m2 at ΔT = 5 and 20 K, respectively. These results provide a promising strategy for the realization of high-performance flexible thermoelectric materials and devices for flexible/or wearable self-powering systems.
Von HÜgel and Catholic Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Trois themes cle coexistent dans la theorie catholique contemporaine de l'education, le developpement integral de la personne, l'autonomie des disciplines et la synthese de la foi, de la vie et de la culture; ceci dans une tension qui n'est pas toujours creative. Le but du present article est de demontrer, au moyen des points de vue et de l'exemple du baron Friedrich von Hugel (1852-1925), que la tentative catholique de combiner ce qui distingue et ce qui englobe est a la fois possible et fructueuse, et que les themes cle du developpement humain integral, des disciplines autonomes et d'une synthese foi/vie/culture peuvent etre interpretes et compris de telle sorte qu'ils se soutiennent et s'eclairent mutuellement.
Gravitational collapse and the vacuum energy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To explain the accelerated expansion of the universe, models with interacting dark components (dark energy and dark matter) have been considered recently in the literature. Generally, the dark energy component is physically interpreted as the vacuum energy of the all fields that fill the universe. As the other side of the same coin, the influence of the vacuum energy on the gravitational collapse is of great interest. We study such collapse adopting different parameterizations for the evolution of the vacuum energy. We discuss the homogeneous collapsing star fluid, that interacts with a vacuum energy component, using the stiff matter case as example. We conclude this work with a discussion of the Cahill-McVittie mass for the collapsed object.
Blocking effect of rhynchophylline on calcium channels in isolated rat ventricular myocytes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of rhynchophylline (Rhy) on L-type Ca2+ channel current was studied in rat ventricular myocytes using patch-clamp whole-cell recording technique. When the holding potential was -40 mV, cells were depolarized to 0 mV for 250 ms at frequency of 0.5 Hz, Rhy 10 and 50 mumol.L-1 reduced verapamil-sensitive Ca2+ inward current by 60% and 80%, respectively, without affecting the voltage-dependency of the maximal activation of Ca2+ current. This indicated that the effect of Rhy on the activation of Ca2+ channel was voltage-independent. The effect of Rhy on Ca2+ current reached the maximum at 10 min and was partially recovered by washout of Rhy. A pD2 value of 5.91 and Hill coefficient of 1.1 were obtained from the concentration-response curve.
Contractual Remoteness and Psychiatric Injury in the High Court

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The origin of the modern doctrine of remoteness of damage in the law of contract is Alderson B’s famous dictum in Hadley v Baxendale (‘Hadley’). That dictum stipulates that, absent ‘special circumstances’, loss resulting from a breach of contract is recoverable only when it arose ‘according to the usual course of things’, or could ‘reasonably be supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties, at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach of it’. Persistent questions nevertheless remain regarding the precise content of the Hadley rule, and its most plausible justification, particularly following the House of Lords’ decision in Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc (‘The Achilleas’). A majority of that Court arguably there endorsed the proposition that, rather than being an externally imposed default rule, the contractual remoteness rule gives effect to an ‘assumption of responsibility’ derivable from the parties’ contract.
LHD 9O-BC01-01-NF #185785.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
R4 couplings and automorphic unipotent representations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Four-graviton, eight-derivative couplings in the low energy effective action of toroidal type II string compactifications are tightly constrained by U-duality invariance and by supersymmetry. In this note, we revisit earlier proposals for the automorphic form governing these couplings in dimension D=3,4,5,6, and propose that the correct automorphic form is the minimal theta series for the corresponding U-duality group. Evidence for this proposal comes from i) the matching of infinitesimal characters, ii) the fact that the Fourier coefficients have support on 1/2-BPS charges and iii) decompactification limits. In particular, we show that non-perturbative effects can be interpreted as 1/2-BPS instantons, or 1/2-BPS particles in one dimension higher (together with Taub-NUT instantons in the D=3 case). Based on similar considerations, we also conjecture the form of 1/4-BPS saturated couplings such as $\nabla^4 R^4$ couplings in the same dimensions.
Managerial Reform in Romanian Public Administration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper focuses on the development of Romanian public administration since the 1989 revolution. Showing up the characteristics and weaknesses of regulation and operation, the authors give special attention to a managerial approach reform in public-administration institutions. They deal with NGOs as possibly valuable and efficient actors in public service. The article concludes, however, that European integration process is the only serious influence stimulating radical changes in Romania.
An Academic Study of Women’s Rights in the Light of the Shari’ah and Social Modern Issues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Men and women equaly play a key role in the society by esuring the continuety of human race on earth. The purpose of their creation as Allah (SWT) explains in the holy Qur’an is to gratify each other and they are meant to be garments for each other. Symbolizing mutual support, mutual comfort and mutual protection. In the past women were treated unfairly by degrading them to slavery and treating them as animals. After the rise of Islam women were guaranteed equal rights in all social matters. Islam awarded women all the economic, social, political rights. The holy Prophet (SAW) also had a great respect for women and immensely considerate towards them as women were declared as half part of the men as far as human rights were concerned. Despite these clear Islamic teachings, women are denied inheritance, choice of marriage, property ownership and confined to the boundary walls of the house in many Islamic societies. This research paper probes into the rights of women as practiced in the Muslim society by presenting a clear view of the islamic teachings about their rights as the need for provision and acceptance of their due rights and deterrence of rigidity and voilance against them increases day by day. Keywords: Rights, Species, gratify, inheritance, Holy Qur’an
Short communication Direct determination of verapamil in rat plasma by coupled column microbore-HPLC method

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This report describes an automated coupled column microbore-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection for direct determination of verapamil in small volume of rat plasma. We used HPLC system consisting of three columns such as precolumn, intermediate and analytical column and six-port switching valve and injected small volume of rat plasma to the system without sample preparation. An aliquot of sample was directly injected into Capcell Pak MF Ph precolumn for clean-up and enrichment, 35 mm Capcell Pak C18, intermediate column for concentration of compounds and 250 mm Capcell Pak C18 analytical column for separation of compounds and two mobile phases are used as mobile phase A (50 mM ammonium phosphate, pH 4.5) and B (50 mM ammonium phosphate:acetonitrile = 70:30 v/v). Analysis of verapamil and internal standard, propranolol was performed with direct injection of 10 lo f rat plasma to the system and were eluted at 22 and 12 min, respectively, at a mobile phase flow rate of 0.5 (mobile phase A) and 0.15 ml/min (mobile phase B). The peaks of verapamil and internal standard were good shapes and well separated from any interfering endogenous peaks during a total run time of 25 min. The calibration curve for verapamil showed good linearity (r 2 = 0.9997) over the concentration range of 0.01–2.50g/ml. The mean RSD (%) values of intra-day (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 5) variability of verapamil ranged from 1.96 to 9.06 and 0.62 to 3.08%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were 0.01 and 0.025g/ml, respectively, for verapamil using 10 l of rat plasma. An automated coupled column microbore-HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg of verapamil to the normal and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatofibrotic rats. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nonverbal intelligence and scholastic performance in children with type 1 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study examined nonverbal intelligence and scholastic achievement in children with type 1 diabetes. In a retrospective case–control study, 69 children (35 males) ages 5–10 years with type 1 diabetes and 69 healthy controls matched to patients by age, gender and socioeconomic status were compared according to their performance on Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices and their scholastic grades. No differences in nonverbal intelligence and grades were observed between children with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices scores inversely correlated with duration of illness both in children with early onset of type 1 diabetes and poor metabolic control. Possible explanations of the results and implications are discussed.
Ruxolitinib: A new hope for ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim Mechanical ventilation (MV) results in diminished diaphragm size and strength, termed ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VID increases dependence, prolongs weaning, and increases discharge mortality rates. The Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway is implicated in VIDD, upregulated following MV. JAK/STAT inhibition alleviates chronic muscle wasting conditions. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Ruxolitinib, an FDA approved JAK1/2 inhibitor (JI) for the treatment of VIDD. Methods Rats were subjected to 5 days controlled MV (CMV) with and without daily Ruxolitinib gavage. Muscle fiber size and function were assessed. RNAseq, mitochondrial morphology, respirometry, and mass spectrometry were determined. Results CMV significantly reduced diaphragm size and specific force by 45% ( p < 0.01), associated with a two‐fold P‐STAT3 upregulation ( p < 0.001). CMV disrupted mitochondrial content and reduced the oxygen consumption rate ( p < 0.01). Expression of the motor protein myosin was unaffected, however CMV alters myosin function via post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Daily administration of JI increased animal survival (40% vs. 87%; p < 0.05), restricted P‐STAT3 ( p < 0.001), and preserved diaphragm size and specific force. JI was associated with preserved mitochondrial content and respiratory function ( p < 0.01), and the reversal or augmentation of myosin deamidation PTMs of the rod and head region. Conclusion JI preserved diaphragm function, leading to increased survival in an experimental model of VIDD. Functional enhancement was associated with maintenance of mitochondrial content and respiration and the reversal of ventilator‐induced PTMs of myosin. These results demonstrate the potential of repurposing Ruxolitinib for treatment of VIDD.
Assessing Religious Friendliness at a Public University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study considers the religious atmosphere of a public, land grant research institution located in the southern United States. Specifically, the researcher designed the Religious Friendliness Questionnaire to assess the amount of comfort and safety that on-campus students felt when discussing and practicing their religious beliefs. With a sample size of 114, results suggested a safe environment for on-campus residents as a whole; however, there were significant differences when the Christian sample was compared to the non-Christian sample. The non-Christian sample appeared to feel less safe, less supported, was willing to talk about religion, and was more open to learning about other belief systems. Christians were less comfortable discussing their beliefs, received more institutional support, felt less pressure to change their beliefs, and were less open to learning about other religions.
Economic complexity and embedding of regional economies’ structures

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The research focuses on the development of localized specialization and economic diversification theories. Our task is forecasting of the emergence of new strong sectors in the region. On the basis of probabilistic and statistical modeling the model which allows estimating the probability of appearing a new strong sector in the region taking into account characteristics of economic structure is constructed. The possibility of building such a model is based on the assumption that the emergence and development of sectors is largely determined by the evolution of past economic activity. The model uses the indicators of embedding structures of the strong sectors in the regional economies is introduced by the authors. These indicators are based on the probabilistic interpretation and properties of the elements of the matrix, by which economic complexity is estimated following the traditional approach. The probability of originating a strong sector in the structure for each region is estimated. Based on sorting the sectors according to the value of these probabilities and assessments of their potential contribution to socio-economic development expert assessment of the feasibility of developing a new strong sector in the region can be made. The results show that sectors’ introduction and generation in the regional economy is largely due to the evolution of the past economic activity.
Between competition, co-operation and collaboration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The extent of Karl Brandi's faith in international co-operation, despite its lack of impact on scholarship, is illustrated by his efforts to fend off the damage to which Kahrstedt aspired. The relationship between German and Polish historians and their co-operation in the International Committee of Historical Sciences had indeed reached an end with the German occupation of large parts of Europe. Seeking "co-operation" with colleagues living in countries under German military occupation appeared a little rich, however. The co-operation between the working commissions of the International Committee did not end abruptly, but steadily diminished with time – this despite the efforts of the indefatigable Swiss historian Nabholz, who had replaced Brandi as vice president in 1938. The Nazi regime was not indifferent to Germany's standing, but its aims would inevitably collide with interests of international co-operation. Warsaw saw the International Committee gain stature and thereby strengthen its influence on the organization of the Congresses.