jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Emergency knowledge management and social media technologies: A case study of the 2010 Haitian earthquake

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The US response to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake was a large effort coordinated by three major agencies that worked in tandem with the Government of Haiti, the United Nations, and many countries from around the globe. Managing this response effort was a complex undertaking that relied extensively on knowledge management systems (KMS). For the first time, however, US government agencies employed social media technologies such as wikis and collaborative workspaces as the main knowledge sharing mechanisms. In this research we present a case study developed through action research of how these social media technologies were used, what influences they made on knowledge sharing, reuse, and decision‐making, and how knowledge was effectively (and at times ineffectively) maintained in these systems. First‐hand knowledge of the response is used, offering strategies for future deployment of social media and important research questions that remain regarding social media as knowledge management systems, particularly for disaster and emergency management.
Analysis of a Fatality Case Caused by “a Bolt from the Blue”

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Investigation and analysis of a lethal event caused by a lightning discharge in Conghua, Guangzhou, in 2017, is presented in this paper. The lightning strike first hit a tree with a height of 13m, and then hit the head of a person near the tree, causing death. The data from the Low Frequency Electric Field Detection Array, Guangdong Lightning Location System, and a nearby radar station, were analyzed. The event was identified as a lightning death incident caused by "a bolt from the blue". The accident discharge was found to be the first return stroke (RS) with a current peak of -30.9kA, which belonged to a cloud-toground lightning flash with seven RSs. The flash initiated at a height of about 13km. At a height of 2.8km, the horizontal distance from the lightning disaster point to the edge of precipitation (18dBZ) was about 3.6km, and to the edge of the convective core (30dBZ) was about 6km. At a height of 7km, the horizontal distance of the initiation point to the edge of precipitation (18dBZ) was about 0.3km, with the distance to the edge of the convective core (30dBZ) being about 3.5km. According to the equivalent circuit model of the lightning strike, we calculated the air breakdown voltage of the side flash and step voltage on the ground. The results indicated that the event process involved the flash hitting the tree, the current flowing to the "jump point", and then the side stroke to the victim. Crucially, the victim was exposed by a step voltage of 78.3kV, while a witness, who was 10 m from the lightning strike point, was only exposed to 0.783kV.
Portrait3D: Text-Guided High-Quality 3D Portrait Generation Using Pyramid Representation and GANs Prior

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing neural rendering-based text-to-3D-portrait generation methods typically make use of human geometry prior and diffusion models to obtain guidance. However, relying solely on geometry information introduces issues such as the Janus problem, over-saturation, and over-smoothing. We present Portrait3D , a novel neural rendering-based framework with a novel joint geometry-appearance prior to achieve text-to-3D-portrait generation that overcomes the aforementioned issues. To accomplish this, we train a 3D portrait generator, 3DPortraitGAN, as a robust prior. This generator is capable of producing 360° canonical 3D portraits, serving as a starting point for the subsequent diffusion-based generation process. To mitigate the "grid-like" artifact caused by the high-frequency information in the feature-map-based 3D representation commonly used by most 3D-aware GANs, we integrate a novel pyramid tri-grid 3D representation into 3DPortraitGAN. To generate 3D portraits from text, we first project a randomly generated image aligned with the given prompt into the pre-trained 3DPortraitGAN's latent space. The resulting latent code is then used to synthesize a pyramid tri-grid. Beginning with the obtained pyramid tri-grid , we use score distillation sampling to distill the diffusion model's knowledge into the pyramid tri-grid. Following that, we utilize the diffusion model to refine the rendered images of the 3D portrait and then use these refined images as training data to further optimize the pyramid tri-grid , effectively eliminating issues with unrealistic color and unnatural artifacts. Our experimental results show that Portrait3D can produce realistic, high-quality, and canonical 3D portraits that align with the prompt.
Acetamiprid Poisoning: A Case Report of Self- Poisoning with an Acetamiprid-Containing Insecticide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Insecticides play an important role in controlling as well as in preventing the transmission of insectborne diseases. However, insecticides exposure can result in harmful off-target effects. Over the past few decades, numerous classes of insecticides have been introduced. Neonicotinoids means “new nicotine-like insecticide”, were developed to replace older and more harmful insecticides. Acetamiprid is a new-generation chloronicotinyl insecticide target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The majority of studies have endorsed the use of neonicotinoids as a safer alternative to other insecticides. However, a few studies have associated neonicotinoid exposure in mammals with adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, such as embryo death, premature birth, reduced pregnancy rates, impaired sperm function, decreased offspring weight, and stillbirth. Understanding the risks across these classes is crucial for developing safer strategies. Here, we present a case report of a 32-year-old male who self-poisoned with an acetamiprid- containing insecticide. Upon presentation, he exhibited abnormal vital signs, which ultimately led to cardiac arrest despite resuscitation efforts. Treatment involved supportive measures with intravenous fluids and vasopressors, administering atropine and performing endotracheal intubation. After four days, the patient showed signs of improvement, eventually being successfully extubated, and discharged 13 days later in stable condition.
Development and experimental assessment of a numerical modelling code to aid the design of profile extrusion cooling tools

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

On the extrusion of thermoplastic profiles, upon the forming stage that takes place in the extrusion die, the profile must be cooled in a metallic calibrator. This stage must be done at a high rate, to assure increased productivity, but avoiding the development of high temperature gradients, in order to minimize the level of induced thermal residual stresses. In this work, we present a new coupled numerical solver, developed in the framework of the OpenFOAM® computational library, that computes the temperature distribution in both domains simultaneously (metallic calibrator and plastic profile), whose implementation aimed the minimization of the computational time. The new solver was experimentally assessed with an industrial case study.
Environment Semantic Communication: Enabling Distributed Sensing Aided Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) communication systems require large antenna arrays and use narrow directive beams to ensure sufficient receive signal power. However, selecting the optimal beams for these large antenna arrays incurs a significant beam training overhead, making it challenging to support applications involving high mobility. In recent years, machine learning (ML) solutions have shown promising results in reducing the beam training overhead by utilizing various sensing modalities such as GPS position and RGB images. However, the existing approaches are mainly limited to scenarios with only a single object of interest present in the wireless environment and focus only on co-located sensing, where all the sensors are installed at the communication terminal. This brings key challenges such as the limited sensing coverage compared to the coverage of the communication system and the difficulty in handling non-line-of-sight scenarios. To overcome these limitations, our paper proposes the deployment of multiple distributed sensing nodes, each equipped with an RGB camera. These nodes focus on extracting environmental semantics from the captured RGB images. The semantic data, rather than the raw images, are then transmitted to the basestation. This strategy significantly alleviates the overhead associated with the data storage and transmission of the raw images. Furthermore, semantic communication enhances the system’s adaptability and responsiveness to dynamic environments, allowing for prioritization and transmission of contextually relevant information. Experimental results on the DeepSense 6G dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in reducing the sensing data transmission overhead while accurately predicting the optimal beams in realistic communication environments.
The Level of Importance of the Four P’s by the Customers of Shell, Petron, and Chevron Stations in General Santos City

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumer-centric companies focus their resources on developing products and establishing strategies that satisfy customers’ needs and wants. The efforts involved in determining customers’ desires require rigorous analysis because of customers’ heterogeneity. Cost leadership, one of the three generic competitive strategies, aims to increase profit by reducing the cost of production and offering a competitively priced product. This strategy is effective in maximizing the limited resources of the company. In relation to the three generic competitive strategies, there are factors that affect customers’ decisions. The factors that affect customers’ preferences are location, brand, behavior, values, product attributes, quality, price, promotion, and perception. This study focused on the four significant factors, which are the Four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Respondents, who are customers of Shell, Petron, and Chevron fuel stations in General Santos City, evaluated the level of importance of the Four Ps. A sample size of 120 respondents was chosen to answer the validated questionnaires. A descriptive-quantitative research design and stratified sampling methods were applied in the study. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS were the software used to analyze and interpret the data. The findings indicate that the place factor and the promotion factor, among the four factors, have the highest and lowest means, respectively. According to the respondents, price information and brand are very important, since they have the highest mean in price and product factors. The analysis of the Kruskal-Wallis H Test indicates that there are no significant differences in the level of importance of the four Ps among Shell, Petron, and Chevron stations in General Santos City as evaluated by the respondents.
8. Why people participate Rosca new evidences from Turkey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Rosca which is popular among the communities that cannot make use of the formal financial markets is preferably used more by the castes having limited or no regular income level. According to the results of the observations about Turkey–which is evaluated within the category of developing countries –it is found that roscas are used widely by individuals from a wide range of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Moreover, the literature review about the reasons of attending a rosca cannot explain properly this wide commitment rates in Turkey. According to the results obtained by the questionnaire developed for this research it is opposed that there can be new reasons of participating rosca such as avoiding from interest and socializing. Moreover by the parametric tests conducted it is found that the reasons of participating a rosca are affected by the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals.
State of Eritrea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

[Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea) is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital (and largest city) at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the south, Sudan in the west, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Utilization of Near Infrared Technologies in Gasoline Blending Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the present time an important number of spectroscopic methods are becoming available for on line applications, to complement or to substitute traditional laboratory analysis and conventional on line analyser. This methods include ultra - violet (UV), visible (VIS), near infrared absorption (NIR), mediun infrared absorption (MID), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman scattering, and mass spectrometry. Specially the technology of the analysis systems based on the near infrared (NIR) has experienced an important development during the last five years and the application number of this technology in "on line measurements systems" in the petroleum industry has grown notably. The objective of the present work is to show the characteristics and particularities of this technology and the result of one specific application, the measurement of quality component parameters in a gasoline blending.
Alterations in the Kinetics of CD4+T Cell Responses with Aging

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective Alterations in the immune system occur with aging, and these contribute to an increased risk of infection and malignancy. The age-associated changes in T cell immunity range from single cell function to the maintenance of cell populations. We investigated the kinetics of CD4＋ T cell activation and proliferation in young and elderly subjects after stimulating their peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies (Abs). Methods The expressions of the activation markers CD69, CD40L and CD25 on the CD4＋ T cells from young (n=14) and elderly (n=19) were analyzed at 6, 24 and 48 hours (hrs) of T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation by using flow cytometry. In the same individuals, the CD4＋ T cell proliferation was determined at 48 and 96 hrs of TCR stimulation by using the CFSE dilution method. Results The elderly had decreased CD69 and CD40L expressions on the CD4＋ T cells at 6 hrs of stimulation, as compared to that of the young patients. The elderly also had a decreased CD25 expression on the CD4＋ T cells at 24 hrs of stimulation. However, the two groups had similar levels of the CD25, CD69 and CD40L expressions at 48 hrs of stimulation. The elderly had decreased CD4＋ T cell proliferation at 96 hrs of stimulation, as compared to that of the young, although both groups had similar levels of CD4＋ T cell proliferation at 48 hrs of stimulation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the elderly have altered kinetics of CD4＋ T cell activation and proliferation in response to anti-CD3 and −CD28 Ab stimulation, and that such an altered response is governed by the duration of stimulation.
Inline-Characterization and Step Coverage Optimization of Deposited Dielectrics in DRAM Structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A combination of a common ellipsometric thickness determination from a plane surface and volume-related information gained from a Fourier transform infrared measurement enables monitoring of thin nm-scale layers in 3-D structures. This method was established to characterize dielectric layers deposited by atomic layer deposition within a capacitor structure of a 65-nm DRAM technology. The influence of precursor flow and pulse time on the overall homogeneity and step coverage of zirconium aluminum oxide was investigated. A clear correlation to the precursor amount and the geometry of the deposition tool can be shown.
Micromachined piezoelectric energy harvester with low vibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a piezoelectric MEMS energy harvester was investigated and evaluated to scavenge power from ambient vibration source. It was optimally designed to generate the electrical power from low level ambient vibration via the piezoelectric effect. In order to generate the electricity at low vibration, the proposed energy harvester was fabricated by patterning platinum electrode into inter-digital geometry on top of the sol-gel-spin coated Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin film for d 33 piezoelectric mode operation on the silicon cantilever with proof mass by using bulk micromaching technique. The fabricated energy harvester has a 1.1 uW of output power to 2.2 MOmega of load resistance with 4.4 V peak-to-peak from a vibration of 0.39 g acceleration at its resonant frequency of 528 Hz. The corresponding power density was 2.8 mWmiddotcm -3 middotg -1 .
Subacute Sclerosing Leucoencephalitis: Electron Microscopic and Cytochemical Observations on a Cerebral Biopsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Subacute Sclerosing Leucoencephalitis: Electron Microscopic and Cytochemical Observations on a Cerebral Biopsy Get access Nicholas K. Gonatas, M.D. Nicholas K. Gonatas, M.D. Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 25, Issue 2, April 1966, Pages 177–201, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-196604000-00001 Published: 01 July 1980
Identification of Friction Law to Model Orthogonal Cutting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A first approach of tool-chip interface behaviour for high-speed machining modelling has been carried out by Al Brocail and 2010 and an empirical friction law has been first determined. This law has been established for high temperatures (initial sample temperature equal to 750 K) and low sliding velocities (less than 0.5 m.s -1 ) and an extrapolation has been considered for higher velocities. This article intends to determine an empirical friction law for low temperatures (ambient) combined with high sliding velocities (up to 1.5m.s -1 ) by means of a tribometer developed by Meresse and Al. A new experimental device is designed to carry out several tests and simulate the friction behaviour at the tool-chip interface. The experimental results are compared with a numerical model and an iterative method is used to minimize the error between experimental and numerical simulations on normal and tangential forces. This method allows to recover a Coulomb friction coefficient which is associated to local pressure, temperature and sliding velocity. The completion of several tests provides an empirical friction law for high sliding velocities and low temperatures.
Effects of supplementary carbohydrate feeding on fecundity and life-length in Leptoconops becquaerti (Kieff.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laboratory experiments carried out in Jamaica in 1963 showed that the number of eggs matured by blood-fed females of Leptoconops becquaerti (Kieff.) was only slightly increased when they were allowed access to a source of dilute honey during the subsequent period of egg maturation. A majority of the females imbibed some honey, and over half took large amounts; survival was better in groups given honey than in those not. The amount of fluid in the crop of field-collected females indicated that more than half had fed on nectar. In the laboratory, field-collected females took on average more than their own weight of blood.
Data from Autophagy Inhibition Dysregulates TBK1 Signaling and Promotes Pancreatic Inflammation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Autophagy promotes tumor progression downstream of oncogenic KRAS, yet also restrains inflammation and dysplasia through mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized. Understanding the basis of this paradox has important implications for the optimal targeting of autophagy in cancer. Using a mouse model of cerulein-induced pancreatitis, we found that loss of autophagy by deletion of <i>Atg5</i> enhanced activation of the IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinase TBK1 <i>in vivo</i>, associated with increased neutrophil and T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 upregulation. Consistent with this observation, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, including suppression of the autophagy receptors <i>NDP52</i> or <i>p62</i>, prolonged TBK1 activation and increased expression of CCL5, IL6, and several other T-cell and neutrophil chemotactic cytokines <i>in vitro</i>. Defective autophagy also promoted PD-L1 upregulation, which is particularly pronounced downstream of IFNγ signaling and involves JAK pathway activation. Treatment with the TBK1/IKKϵ/JAK inhibitor CYT387 (also known as momelotinib) not only inhibits autophagy, but also suppresses this feedback inflammation and reduces PD-L1 expression, limiting <i>KRAS</i>-driven pancreatic dysplasia. These findings could contribute to the dual role of autophagy in oncogenesis and have important consequences for its therapeutic targeting. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 520–30. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The effect of liraglutide on microvascular complications and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that leads to vasculopathy involving the small and large blood vessels. Studies on animal models indicate that, GLP-1 analogues might have beneficial effects on the above mentioned complications over and above the improvements due to glycaemic control. The aims of this study were to explore effects of the GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide on the microvascular complications and cardiovascular risk in human subjects with diabetes. \n \nIn a retrospective cohort study, I compared a group of patients who received liraglutide with a matched group of subjects with type 2 diabetes on other treatments. The changes in urinary albumin:creatinine ratios and retinopathy grades of these patients were compared after 12 months. In a prospective study, the serum biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy were measured in a group of subjects with type 2 diabetes, before and 3 months after treatment with liraglutide. In addition body composition analysis of a group of morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes was performed before, and 3 months after treatment with liraglutide. \n \nIn subjects with established microalbuminuria, treatment with liraglutide for 12 months did not have any effect on albumin excretion rate. Similarly, no changes in urinary albumin:creatinine ratios were evident in normoalbuminuric subjects after 12 months of treatment with liraglutide. I did not find any significant changes in the biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy following treatment with liraglutide. \n \nIn patients with type 2 diabetes, therapy with liraglutide for 12 months did not influence the course of diabetic retinopathy. No changes in the serum concentrations of VEGF (which is a biomarker for retinopathy) were noted in patients after treatment with liraglutide. \n \nIn morbidly obese subjects with type 2 diabetes, 3 months of treatment with liraglutide induced significant improvements in the markers of cardiovascular risk and reduced total body fat mass. An improvement in the mean insulin sensitivity was noted after treatment; however this did not reach statistical significance. \n \nIn conclusion, my study has shown that treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity with liraglutide was associated with improvements in markers of cardiovascular risk; but no changes in diabetic renal disease or diabetic retinopathy were evident.