jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Self-Report of Tobacco Use Status: Comparison of Paper-Based Questionnaire, Online Questionnaire, and Direct Face-to-Face Interview—Implications for Meaningful Use

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Identifying tobacco use status is essential to address use and provide resources to help patients quit. Being able to collect this information in an electronic format will become increasingly important, as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has included the assessment of tobacco use as part of its Stage 1 Meaningful Use criteria. The objective was to compare the accuracy of online vs. paper assessment methods to ascertain cigarette smoking status using a face-to-face structured interview as the gold standard. This was a retrospective analysis of a stratified opportunity sample of consecutive patients, reporting in 2010 for a periodic health evaluation, who completed either a scannable paper-based form or an online questionnaire and underwent a standardized rooming interview. Compared with face-to-face structured interview, the overall observed agreement and kappa coefficient for both methods combined (paper and online) were 97.7% and 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.86) . For the online form they were 97.4% and 0.61 (95% CI 0.33–0.90), and for the paper form they were 97.9% and 0.75 (95% CI 0.54–0.96). There was no statistically significant difference in agreement between the online and paper-based methods ( P =0.76) compared with a face-to-face structured interview. Online assessment of tobacco use status is as accurate as a paper questionnaire, and both methods have greater than 97% observed agreement with a face-to-face structured interview. The use of online assessment of tobacco use status has several advantages and more widespread use should be explored. ( Population Health Management 2014;17:185–189)
CT Diagnosis and Management of Focal Lung Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thin-section CT (HRCT) has enabled radiologists to more accurately determine the imaging characteristics of individual lung lesions and guide patient management in a more precise manner. CT evaluation may reveal specific benign characteristics of a solitary pulmonary nodule, including intralesional calcification or fat. Perifissural nodules (PFNs) are routinely demonstrated on thin-section chest CT. Typical PFNs are small (<10 mm) and more often located in the lower lobes, below the level of the carina. The 2011 histopathologic reclassification of pulmonary adenocarcinoma includes the preinvasive lesions—atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)—that typically manifest on CT as pure ground-glass lesions <5 mm and <3 cm, respectively, in size. Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) is typically a part-solid lesion where the invasive component measures <5 mm. Larger subsolid lesions with more extensive solid invasive tumor are now termed lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA). The revised Fleischner Society guidelines for management of pulmonary nodules (2017) encompass both solid and subsolid pulmonary nodules. The revised recommendations are based on new data and accumulated experience. A variety of diseases manifest on CT as focal airspace opacities. The majority will be multifocal and infectious or inflammatory in nature, but accurate diagnosis requires a combination of imaging features, disease chronicity or progression, the response to treatment, and the immune status of the patient.
Factors affecting gains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cattle in the same feedlot differ considerably in their rate of gain. These differences in ability to gain can be explained only by difference in characteristics of individual animals, since all are under the same conditions of feeding and care. In this study, we are trying to determine what differences in thin cattle are reliable indications of gaining ability. A record of several characteristics is made of each animal at the beginning of the feeding trials.
Non-Gaussian diffusers as phase encoders in neurooptic processors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Key elements of the Northrop neurooptic processor 1 include an array of nonlinear processing elements (neurons) and means for effecting space-variant interconnections (synapses) between any two of these processing elements. The latter take the form of holographic phase gratings distributed within a volume of LiNbO 3 . Phase encoding of processor outputs must be used to avoid Bragg cone coupling effects 2 and, hence, undesired interconnect degeneracies within the LiNbO 3 . Phase encoding may be accomplished by using non-Gaussian optical diffusers with tunable Wiener spectra and adjustable correlation lengths within the image plane of the processor array. Diffuser design criteria include the minimization of processor output cross-correlation functions and the attainment of processor output autocorrelation functions which most closely resemble delta functions. In this paper, the analysis of an appropriate diffuser is described, and several fabrication techniques are presented. Specifically, computer-generated and optically synthesized binary diffusers derived from bandlimited Gaussian noise are discussed. Finally, an experimental setup for examining diffuser autocorrelation functions is described.
International Space Station U.S. GN&C Momentum Manager Controller Design for Shuttle Thermal Protection System Repair

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the design of the ISS Momentum Manager controllers for the Orbiter Repair Maneuver (ORM) and Orbiter Tile Repair operations. Momentum Manager Controllers provide non-propulsive attitude control via CMGs. Non-propulsive control is required at the beginning and the middle of the ORM and at the tile repair position. This paper first reviews the design issues and requirements, then presents the design methodology, and concludes with analysis results that verify the design.
High-yield Cultivation Technology of Farm-film-covering Peanut in the Paddy Fields

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new good peanut variety was tested with covering of farm film in the paddy fields of middle-low yield areas in Hong an county of Hubei province in spring in recent three years.It was investigated that the effects of cultivation techniques on the yield of peanut were studied by field test methods.The results showed that by selecting new good peanut varieties,covering farm film,intensive farming,right sowing time,proper plant number per area,reasonable use of fertilizer and good agronomy managements,peanut could get high yield,seven thousand five hundred kilograms per hectare,the probability of success was about seventy percent.This paper will provide some useful data on the basis of experiments for the development of its high yield potential.
IMG-02. USING MRI RADIOMICS AND MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT OVERALL SURVIVAL FOR PEDIATRIC DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are aggressive central nervous system tumors with a median overall survival (OS) of less than one year from diagnosis. There is no curative therapy for DMG, and radiation therapy (RT) is the standard treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the common noninvasive tool for DMG diagnosis and monitoring of tumor response to therapy. We developed an automatic pipeline to segment subregions of DMG and select MRI features that predict patient OS. METHODS We acquired diagnostic and post-RT multisequence MRI (T1, T1ce, T2, T2 FLAIR) and manual segmentations of pediatric DMG patients from two centers: 53 from Children’s National Hospital (internal) and 16 from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (external). We pretrained a deep learning model on a public adult brain tumor dataset, and finetuned the model to segment tumor core (TC) and whole tumor (WT) of DMG. We used PyRadiomics and sequential feature selection to select discriminative features based on the segmented volumes. Two machine learning models were trained on our internal cohort to predict patient 1-year survival from diagnosis. One model used only diagnostic tumor features and the other used both diagnostic and post-RT features. RESULTS For segmentation, Dice score (mean [median]±SD) was 0.91 (0.94)±0.12 and 0.74 (0.83)±0.32 for TC, and 0.88 (0.91)±0.07 and 0.86 (0.89)±0.06 for WT for internal and external cohorts, respectively. For OS prediction, accuracy was 77% and 81% at time of diagnosis, and 85% and 78% post-RT for internal and external cohorts, respectively. Heterogeneous WT intensity in baseline T2 FLAIR and smaller post-RT TC/WT volume ratio indicate longer OS. CONCLUSIONS Our method accurately predict OS for DMG patients and can be extended to other rare pediatric brain tumors. With automated and standardized analysis, early prognostication of OS can guide patient risk stratification and clinical decisions.
Developing the student-citizen of finance: sponsored film at the New York Stock Exchange, 1947–1973

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines seven films produced as part of a mid-century NYSE campaign to increase shareholdership and reconfigure the Exchange’s symbolic place within American life. Seen by millions of people in theatrical and nontheatrical venues as well as on television, the NYSE campaign showcases the sponsored film – one of our most prolific, but least studied categories of cinema – in its golden period. Sponsored films masquerading as educationals, they also provide an opportunity to examine the superficially pedagogical strategies adopted by business hoping to induce monetary and ideological investment in capitalist systems. Tracing the Exchange’s attempted cultivation of a particular kind of American economic subject, the student-citizen of finance, I explore how films situate viewers as pupils – subjects occupying a subordinate, dependent position in relation to the films’ authoritative teaching. I then turn to these films’ ‘overorganizing image’ to show how they posit the act of learning as a precondition for participation in the market and, in turn, American democracy; to be a proper member of the nation, viewers must position themselves as the films’ willing students. Familiar to today’s financial media landscape, the student-citizen of finance remains central to the project of fostering individualised economic activity and neoliberal economic citizenship.
Influence of Gas for Thermal Treatment on Hydrogen Permeation in V–Ni Alloy Membranes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen separation is an important step for the utilization of hydrogen energy. Metallic alloys, such as vanadium-nickel, are potential hydrogen separation materials. Due to the strong propensity of vanadium to form oxides and hydrides, vanadium alloy has a lower hydrogen permeability, and it is difficult to maintain the permeability over time. Therefore, special preparation processes such as Pd coating have been suggested for hydrogen separation vanadium-based membranes. However, aside from the prohibitive price of palladium, the interdiffusion of palladium and vanadium makes the coated membrane inviable to be used at a high temperature. Thermal treatment with inert gas was investigated in this study to assess the applicability of the vanadium alloy without palladium coating for hydrogen separation and clarify the mechanism behind the thermal treatment. Argon is inert with vanadium and displayed permeability recovery after 43 h thermal treatment, but the permeability declined under certain conditions. In contrast, nitrogen is known to interact with vanadium and the hydrogen permeability was maintained at a level lower than the test with argon. Given that nitrogen can compete with hydrogen for the active sites on vanadium, nitrogen might hinder hydrogen adsorption and hydride formation, whereas argon reduced the partial pressure of hydrogen during the thermal treatment, enhancing the driving force of hydrogen desorption. In the X-ray diffraction spectrum, vanadium hydrides and oxides were confirmed after hydrogen permeation and thermal treatment. In the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data, oxygen was a dominant element due to vanadium oxides and adsorbed nitrogen was also observed. According to binding energy shifts of nitrogen, nitrogen used for thermal treatment might substitute or compete for active sites with adsorbed nitrogen and hydrogen, existing in vanadium lattice. Although thermal treatment can be used to recover hydrogen permeability, the alloy cannot be recovered as hydrogen-free. However, results demonstrate the potential of thermal treatment to complement an uncoated vanadium alloy for a hydrogen separation membrane.
[Bruno Giraud (1768-1811), "first surgeon" to Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1806 Bruno Giraud (1768-1811), as an assistant to the head of the surgical department of the "Hôtel-Dieu" (Paris), was appointed personal surgeon to King Louis Bonaparte of Holland in 1806 and chief surgeon of the Dutch army. In 1809 he was appointed professor of practical surgery at the Atheneum Illustre (Amsterdam), which position he held until July 1810. After his return to Paris, he resumed his former job at the Hôtel-Dieu.
EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS ON THE GROWTH,BODY COMPOSITION AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF JUVENILE HIPPOCAMPUS KUDA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article investigated effects of variable salinity stress(salinity 25 dropped rapidly to 5,15,35) on the growth,biochemical composition and enzyme activities in juvenile Hippocampus kuda.The results showed that weight,biochemical composition and energy value of H.kuda juvenile of 15 salinity group had no significant difference with the control group(salinity 25)(P0.05),the indexes of growth and survival rates were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.05),however,the growth rate,survival rate and biochemical composition of the 5,35 salinity groups were apparently lower than those of the control group(P0.05),besides the SOD,CAT enzyme activities in 15 salinity group were lower than in the control group level(P0.05),the changes of MDA content had no significance(P0.05).The SOD,CAT and MDA contents of the 5,35 salinity groups compared with the control group,which show rising trend with time elapse(P0.05).With the increases of salinity,the AKP activity has a rising trend,and opposite of the ACP activity.
Chloroplast DNA Dynamics: Copy Number, Quality Control and Degradation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endosymbiotically originated chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) encodes part of the genetic information needed to fulfill chloroplast function, including fundamental processes such as photosynthesis. In the last two decades, advances in genome analysis led to the identification of a considerable number of cpDNA sequences from various species. While these data provided the consensus features of cpDNA organization and chloroplast evolution in plants, how cpDNA is maintained through development and is inherited remains to be fully understood. In particular, the fact that cpDNA exists as multiple copies despite its limited genetic capacity raises the important question of how copy number is maintained or whether cpDNA is subjected to quantitative fluctuation or even developmental degradation. For example, cpDNA is abundant in leaves, where it forms punctate structures called nucleoids, which seemingly alter their morphologies and numbers depending on the developmental status of the chloroplast. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of 'cpDNA dynamics', focusing on the changes in DNA abundance. A special focus is given to the cpDNA degradation mechanism, which appears to be mediated by Defective in Pollen organelle DNA degradation 1 (DPD1), a recently discovered organelle exonuclease. The physiological significance of cpDNA degradation in flowering plants is also discussed.
Ciudadanía y cultura cívica en estudiantes universitarios interculturales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of the research was to analyze the civic culture of students in intercultural universities, through their attitude toward situations emblematic to assess ways of driving respectful and harmonious in common spaces of coexistence among academics. The frame of reference was critical sociology to address issues of citizenship and civic culture. The research was descriptive and quantitative. A citizenship questionnaire was designed and applied to a total of 228 students in intercultural universities from three regions of the country. The results were processed in SPSS and obtained descriptive statistics for each considered situation. The findings show variations in each condition according to the level of involvement perceived by participants in the situation. As the participant was perceived to be directly involved in the hypothetical situation, its civic attitude moved away from more civic conduct and even expressed willingness to incur fouls to get rid of them. In the situation in which the participant is perceived less involved or disrupted by the dilemma posed, civic responses had the highest frequencies and there was less variability in responses. It is concluded that civic culture is influenced by historical, social and cultural variables that make up the subjectivity of the subjects, and deserve to be studied.
Co-operative Governance Index (Co-opGI) and its application in credit co-operatives in Malaysia / Hayati Md. Salleh

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study creates a measure of co-operative governance in the form of co-operative governance index (Co-opGI) based on a dataset from 78 credit co-operatives in Malaysia. Co-opGI is a composite measure of 20 indicators derived from experts' opinion, survey and annual reports under the categories of four co-operative governance mechanisms: board effectiveness, member active participation, internal audit committee's efficiency and management's efficiency. There are five stages of process in constructing the Co-opGI: (i) indicators identification, (ii) measurement identification, (iii) measurement standardisation, (iv) measurement weighting and (v) measurement conversion into indices. This index is used as a proxy measure of the level of co-operative governance in a co-operative. The study relates Co-opGI to co-operative performance and finds no significant relationship. The study examines the relationship of size of co-operative governance organs (members, board, internal audit committee and management) with Co-opGI. The result shows that size of management and size of internal audit committee relate positively with Co-opGI. Cluster analysis groups the 78 co-operatives into five groups according to their levels of Co-opGI and finds that size, competency and compliance of internal audit committee are significantly different across the five groups of Co-opGI in which the Very High Co-opGI group shows the highest scores. The tests show that board communication, member active participation and management efficiency differ significantly between the CoopGI groups. The results imply that Co-opGI is valid and reliable in measuring corporate governance in co-operatives.
AMP0: Species-Specific Prediction of Anti-microbial Peptides using Zero and Few Shot Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The evolution of drug-resistant microbial species is one of the major challenges to global health. The development of new antimicrobial treatments such as antimicrobial peptides needs to be accelerated to combat this threat. However, the discovery of novel antimicrobial peptides is hampered by low-throughput biochemical assays. Computational techniques can be used for rapid screening of promising antimicrobial peptide candidates prior to testing in the wet lab. The vast majority of existing antimicrobial peptide predictors are non-targeted in nature, i.e., they can predict whether a given peptide sequence is antimicrobial, but they are unable to predict whether the sequence can target a particular microbial species. In this work, we have developed a targeted antimicrobial peptide activity predictor that can predict whether a peptide is effective against a given microbial species or not. This has been made possible through zero-shot and few-shot machine learning. The proposed predictor called AMP0 takes in the peptide amino acid sequence and any N/C-termini modifications together with the genomic sequence of a target microbial species to generate targeted predictions. It is important to note that the proposed method can generate predictions for species that are not part of its training set. The accuracy of predictions for novel test species can be further improved by providing a few example peptides for that species. Our computational cross-validation results show that the pro-posed scheme is particularly effective for targeted antimicrobial prediction in comparison to existing approaches and can be used for screening potential antimicrobial peptides in a targeted manner especially for cases in which the number of training examples is small. The webserver of the method is available at http://ampzero.pythonanywhere.com.
Protein-sparing effect with high energy levels and obtaining the optimum digestible energy/ digestible protein ratio in growth diets to Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sparing effect of the dietary protein using diets with high energy levels was evaluated. A factorial design was used to examine the interaction of two levels of protein (30 and 35%) and two levels of digestible energy (3.3 and 3.7 kcal/g) on the weight gain (WG), food conversion FC), retained protein (PR), retained energy (ER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in “sex reversal Nile tilapia” (Oreochromis niloticus). Diets contained anchovy and soybean meal as protein sources and yellow corn and wheat bran as energy sources. The fish oil was used to adjust the energy levels. There were highly significant interactions (P<0.01) between the experimental diets. In diets with 30% proteins, the increase of digestible energy significantly enhances WG, FC, PR, ER and PER, where the level of 3.7 kcal/g had the best performance. With 35% protein, the increase of digestible energy had not significant influence on the GP, CA, PR, ER and PER, however the growth of sex reversal Nile Tilapia was improved with the level of 3.3 kcal/g. When were compared both diets, were not find significant differences. Considering the protein cost, it can be concluded that best response was obtained with a diet containing 30 % of protein and 3.7 kcal/g of digestible energy and optimum digestible energy/ digestible protein ratio of 13.75 kcal/g protein.
Cystic Parathyroid Adenoma. A Case Report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic parathyroid adenoma is rare. This report presents a 48-year-old female with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by cystic parathyroid adenoma.She was found to have hypercalcemia on laboratory examinations performed in the Department of Internal Medicine of our hospital during a search for the cause of her vertigo. Further examinations indicated a functioning parathyroid cyst. Ultrasonography and MRI scan showed that the cystic portion was sharply demarcated from the solid portion of the lesion in a parathyroid gland. The high level of plasma PTH decreased to normal after removal of the enlarged parathyroid gland. Histological examination demonstrated a secondary pseudocyst resulting from cystic degeneration of a parathyroid adenoma. Twenty-seven cases of functioning parathyroid cysts reported in the Japanese literature are reviewed. The clinical features and histological evidence of functioning parathyroid cyst are discussed.