jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute nicotine on brain function in healthy smokers and non-smokers:estimation of inter-individual response heterogeneity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study used fMRI to investigate the neural mechanisms of nicotine effects on antisaccades (a measure of the conflict between a reflexive response and an incompatible complex volitional response). We also aimed to identify variables with significant inter-individual heterogeneity in response to nicotine. To do so we calculated within-session intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficients over measurements obtained before and after nicotine/placebo administration and reasoned that a significant reduction in ICC with nicotine compared to placebo would reflect the operation of inter-individual response heterogeneity. 13 smokers and 11 non-smokers completed fMRI before and after subcutaneous injection of 12µg/kg nicotine or placebo in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. Nicotine significantly reduced antisaccade latencies in both groups. BOLD response in the left frontal eye field was non-significantly reduced by nicotine while it significantly increased following placebo in non-smokers, but there was no discernible effect in smokers. ICC analysis identified significant inter-individual response heterogeneity in antisaccade reflexive errors in smokers, and in a number of brain regions, particularly in non-smokers. These findings suggest that nicotine has beneficial effects at the cognitive level and leads to reductions in task-related activations. ICC analysis confirmed that nicotine effects are subject to inter-individual variability at behavioural and neural levels.
On the connection between Molchan-Golosov and Mandelbrot-Van Ness representations of fractional Brownian motion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We proof a connection between the generalized Molchan-Golosov integral transform and the generalized Mandelbrot-Van Ness integral transform of fractional Brownian motion (fBm). The former changes fBm of arbitrary Hurst index K into fBm of index H by integrating over [0,t], whereas the latter requires integration over (-infty,t].
Seismicity, Faulting and Tectonics of Inner Continental Borderland Offshore Northern Baja California, Mexico: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Using recently collected high resolution seismic reflection data and existing bathymetric, geomagnetic, and seismological data, we find that the inner continental borderland of northern Baja California, Mexico, is extensively deformed and tectonically active. The region is crossed by three major wrench fault zones typified by one or more relatively continuous main fault(s), numerous smaller, subparallel, en echelon and oblique conjugate faults, and transversely oriented folds. These three fault zones are the southward continuations of the Santa Cruz-San Clemente-San Isidro, San Pedro-San Diego Trough-Maximinos, and Palos Verdes Hills-Coronado Bank-Agua Blanca fault zones, mapped in the southern California continental borderland. Each of the fault zones shows evidence of Q aternary activity, such as sea-floor displacement and faulted Quaternary sediments. Earthquake epicenters roughly delineate the major fault zones, with the most significant activity occurring along the Santa Cruz-San Clemente-San Isidro fault zone. Strike-slip is suggested for the main faults by offset submarine canyons, and sea-floor scarps that reverse along strike. Large scarps and vertical separations also suggest significant dip-slip in some areas. Earthquake focal mechanisms show that present-day movements along the major fault zones is predominantly dextral strike-slip, with a significant component of dip-slip in some cases, consistent with the motion of the San Andreas fault system and Pacific-North American plate boundary tectonics. Complexity in the regional tectonics is demons rated by earthquakes in the San Clemente Island-Fortymile Bank area, which are observed to have focal mechanisms opposite to those predicted by the rigid plate theory. End_of_Article - Last_Page 974------------
THE ROMANO/ROMANIAN EURO-REGIONAL TRANS-FRONTIER COOPERATION AT THE EU EXTERNAL FRONTIER (2008). THE EURO REGION "SIRET-PRUT-NISTRU" - ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The dynamic of the European political area, complicated and sometimes contradictory, determines the necessity of the trans-frontier cooperation, on a background of the tendency that some limitrophe regions associates in structures meant to facilitate the efficient capitalization of the area with all the aspects generatrix of functional territorial systems and sub- systems and with a high level of systemically interface. Regarding the year 2008, in the European area, the Prut River remained a political barrier between two Romanian states, Romania and Moldavian Republic. The trans- frontier cooperation of Euro-regional type represents a modality of vanishing the differences of structural-territorial and economical kind, that derives from the superposition of the eastern extern frontier route of the EU (from 2007) and NATO (from 2004) with Prut River. The Euro- region, created at the initiative of Romania in 2002, covers from the territorial and demographic point of view an important part in the Romanian ex-EU area, making in this way an optimal frame of interconnecting the two territorial state systems, toggled in different macro-territorial structures. The Siret-Prut-Nistru Euro-region can be considerate one with a remarkable functional potential, determined by the common peculiarity that has the human communities from those two associated political areas and of course, the European aspiration of both states.
The real estate growth hypothesis in tourism destinations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article proposes and theoretically develops the Real Estate Growth Hypothesis concept. It empirically investigates the connection between the expansion of tourism and the progress of real estate in Calp, an established tourist hotspot situated on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Using annual data for the period 1967-2019 and a time series methodology that considers the possible nonlinearity of the relationship, the article draws conclusions from local and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that tourism causes real estate development, but only in the case of positive shocks. In view of this result, practical implications are outlined, and suggestions are made for managing tourist destinations.
The Relationship between Spiritual Resources and Life Attitudes of African American Homeless Women

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Little is known about the relationships between spiritual resources and life attitudes of homeless African American women. Spiritual resources may serve as protective factors for women leaving homelessness. This descriptive study examines spiritual resources, life attitudes, and selected demographics of 160 African American women who were homeless in the Midwestern United States. Participants ranged in age from 30-62 years of age and reported being homeless 1-9 times, with a mean of 1.94 (SD = 1.53) times. The authors draw inferences for how spiritual resources and life attitudes can influence women's efforts to leave homelessness and identify implications for nursing practice.
Functional Asplenia and Portal Hypertension in a Patient with Primary Splenic Hemangiosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 60-year-old man with primary splenic hemangiosarcoma (PSH) presented with weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain, and anemia. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly, ascites, and firm, huge splenomegaly. Ultrasonography showed many nodular structures characterized by hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic areas. The patient also had portal hypertension, which was confirmed by physical findings and by measurement of portal vein pressure during operation. A liver-spleen scan using Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m labeled heat denatured erythrocytes failed to demonstrate any splenic uptake, a reliable feature of functional asplenia. Although on a total body scan with Ga-67 citrate there was no splenic uptake, there was gallium uptake in the liver, where the presence of the metastatic lesion was histopathologically verified and confirmed by operation. There was also uptake in the middle zones of the lungs. Ga-67 citrate imaging appears to be helpful in the diagnosis of metastasis of PSH, and PSH can rarely cause portal hypertension.
Psychoanalytic reflections upon the work of María Zambrano

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper engages in an overdue dialogue amongst some aspects of the thinking of Maria Zambrano and psychoanalytic theory. The discussion focuses on some epistemological and phenomenological ideas that were prevalent in twentieth-century European philosophy. The notion of the real, for instance, is one of the jambs of this comparison, particularly between Zambrano and Jacques Lacan’s ideas. Reflecting upon how Zambrano, Lacan and Freud characterised the origins and limits of the subject and language is testimony of these problems and limits themselves. Division, traversement, schism and exile are distinct yet similar heterogeneities that are central in the thinking of these authors. The Zambranian schism between philosophy and poetry, where pathos and logos are divided, resembles the psychoanalytic understood schism between the psychic and bodily and recalls the problems of the Freudian pleasure principle. These schisms can in turn be understood as an exile of a mythical prelinguistic unity which is best characterised by Lacan as the fundamental castration of the subject of desire. The psychoanalytic reflection upon Zambrano’s writing itself opens possibilities for future dialogues, perhaps in terms of a sinthomatic savoir-faire, which offers yet another layer to the discussion of her remarkable life and work.
Cross-border Transfer and Collateralisation of Receivables : A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Legal Systems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Legal systems around the world vary widely in terms of how they deal with the transfer of and security interests in receivables. The aim of this book is to help international financiers and lawyers in relevant markets in their practice of international receivables financing. Substantively, this book analyses three types of receivables financing transactions, ie outright transfer, security transfer and security interests. This book covers comprehensive comparison and analysis of the laws on the transfer of and security interests in receivables of fifteen major jurisdictions, encompassing common law jurisdictions, Roman–Germanic jurisdictions and French–Napoleonic jurisdictions, as well as relevant EU Directives. To be more specific, this book compares and analyses the relevant legal systems of the US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Korea, Japan, France, Belgium, England, Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. Furthermore, in order to analyse those legal systems from the international perspective, this book compares relevant international conventions; it also proposes to establish an international registration system for the transfer of and security interests in receivables.
Vacancies in Pure Ice Studied by Positron Annihilation Techniques

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Positron annihilation techniques (PAT) are briefly discussed, and the information that may be obtained about the positronium (Ps) states is compared to that obtainable about the similar electron states. The behaviour of Ps in monocrystals of pure light and heavy ice was studied at temperatures between — 185 ° C and the melting point. Ps is very probably trapped in vacancies (i.e. missing water molecules) in ice. A vacancy formation energy of roughly 0.2–0.35 eV was derived in agreement with the value 0.28±0.07 eV obtained previously from studies of the annealing of irradiated ice. The vacancy concentration is at least a few parts per million at the melting point, i.e. roughly 10 4 times higher than normally assumed in the literature. The fact that the vacancy concentration is comparable to that of the hydrogen-bond defects will probably enforce a pronounced change in the “hydrogen-bond-defects” theory of the electric properties of ice.
Relationships between racial discrimination, social isolation, and mental health among international Asian graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: Racial aggression against Asians and the implementation of state-wide stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic may have negatively impacted mental health in Asian international graduate students in the United States, yet these relationships are unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate these relationships. Participants: Data were collected from 177 participants from four universities. Methods: On-line survey was used to assess perceived racial discrimination related to the COVID-19, daily racial discrimination during the pandemic, home boundness and loneliness, and depression and anxiety. Results: Daily racial discrimination was associated with an increased risk for depression. Home boundness was related to fewer depression symptoms (B = -0.728) and fewer anxiety symptoms (B = -0.558). Higher symptoms of loneliness (B = 0.377) were related to more depression symptoms. More loneliness (B = 0.257) was related to more anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The findings can help university stakeholders to create a guideline for the development and implementation of resource programs for Asian international graduates.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 335 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ { "and" : [ "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "HasCoordinate is true", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)" ] } } ] }, "TaxonKey is Bubo bengalensis (Franklin, 1831)" ] } The dataset includes 335 records from 12 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000337-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Internal quantum efficiency in yellow-amber light emitting AlGaN-InGaN-GaN heterostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We determine the internal quantum efficiency of strain-balanced AlGaN-InGaN-GaN hetero-structures designed for yellow-amber light emission, by using a recent model based on the kinetics of the photoluminescence decay initiated by Iwata et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 117, 075701 (2015)]. Our results indicate that low temperature internal quantum efficiencies sit in the 50% range and we measure that adding an AlGaN layer increases the internal quantum efficiency from 50% up to 57% with respect to the GaN-InGaN case. More dramatic, it almost doubles from 2.5% up to 4.3% at room temperature.
When two become one: sexuality studies and critical studies of men and masculinities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Men think about sex … a lot. Is this a problem or is this a site for reformation? In this paper, we set out to think actively, deeply, about the question of sexuality, to penetrate the limits of men and masculinity studies, and to tease at a range of questions that it seems the field is not attending to for any number of reasons. When men’s studies scholars speak of sex, we often speak of rape culture, violent sex, ideas of entitlement to sex, sex workers and pornography. Many of these approaches would be framed and understood by many as ‘sex negative.’ This paper sets out to think about what a ‘sex positive’ vision of men’s studies might look like – and also to ask if a sex positive vision of the field is even possible, desirable or necessary. In this paper, we braid together sex positive feminist theory, queer theory and men’s studies to complicate the matter of sexuality, both as an actual site of the kinds of things we do, and as a site of psychic and affective possibility.
Determination of Repair or Replacement Decision Using the Index of the Transformer DGA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) is widely used as a diagnostic method to assess the condition of transformers. It can detect various types of faults, with electrical and thermal faults being the most common. In this paper, an index for thermal deterioration was used to quantitatively represent the degree of degradation in relation to the operational years. The study also analyzed the patterns of index variations with respect to the operational years, which allowed for the derivation of predictive patterns for assessing the condition of transformers.
Securing Election Infrastructure with Hand-Marked Paper Ballots

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

American democracy is critically threatened by the use of insecure voting systems. Many existing electronic voting machines have malfunctioned during recent elections, and many are also vulnerable to hacking (Appel et al. 2019, Blaze et al. 2019, Blaze 2020). Most states have switched to secure, hand-marked paper ballots, but roughly 30% of Americans will continue to vote using vulnerable voting machines in 2020 (Cordova et al. 2019, Bajak 2020). While Congress allocated $380 million in 2018 and $425 million in 2020 to improve election security, these funds were neither targeted at nor sufficient for replacing all electronic voting machines. We propose that Congress (1) allocate $110 million exclusively for transitioning away from electronic voting machines and (2) prohibit the use of federal funds for purchasing voting systems that do not primarily use hand-marked paper ballots. This one-time transition cost is much smaller than even annual expenditures on other critical infrastructure (Copeland 2010; Halderman 2019). Replacing electronic voting machines with hand-marked paper ballots is the most affordable and secure option.
Effects of Soil Conditions on Cost of Low Head SHP Schemes

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy is the engine of growth of any developing economy. Consumption of electrical energy is universally accepted indicator of progress in the agricultural, industrial and commercial sectors, as also of the well being of the people of the nation. India is blessed with many rivers, natural streams, canal networks and mountains offering tremendous small hydropower potential which is clean and technically proven source of energy. Under this study, an attempt has been made to discuss the cost sensitive parameters of small hydropower schemes. Based on the cost sensitive parameters, the methodology for estimation of cost of low head small hydropower scheme has been evolved and the effect of soil conditions on cost of SHP schemes discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v8i0.4904Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 8, 2011 JanuaryPage: 24-28Uploaded date: 16 June, 2011
Conceptions of knowledge in history teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers' conceptions of what constitutes critical knowledge in history education have been transformed over recent years in response to discourses and practices which give pre-eminence to disciplinary skills and broad concepts. In New Zealand, teachers' views on history education and the purposes of knowledge have shifted incrementally over the past 15 years of standards-based assessment, with the most significant changes occurring in response to an open curriculum implemented from 2011. Teachers have recognised that they have narrowed their selections to micro bites of history with an awareness that the shifts in their practices have implications for learning. In a knowledge critical paradigm, the study of historical personalities, sequences of events and political, social and economic circumstances would be sufficiently interrelated to enable students to make sense of an historical period or idea. In New Zealand, the institution within the Official Recontextualising Field which is primarily involved in interpreting assessment standards and influencing teacher practices is the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
Study the Impact of Organizational Characteristics and Support Mechanism on the Performance of Agricultural Extension in Eastern Libya: Toward Organization for Sustainable Agricultural Development

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

3 Abstract: Extension is an essential pillar for research and development. However, there is a need for fundamental reforms to extension policies: hierarchical (top-down) transfer of information or advice should be moved away from towards a participation process that can help design better agricultural extension programmes, enhance uptake of technology and more desirable or less disruptive impacts on sustainable agricultural development. To achieve this participation, extension organisations need to formally decentralise and pluralise or transfer the control of specific programme planning and management functions to the system levels of local agricultural extension, private sector organisations, farmers' organisations and education organisations where extension programmes are actually implemented. The objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate mechanisms and organisational characteristics to support agricultural extension performance that can be used in achieving sustainable agricultural development. A quantitative research methodology was adopted in this study. Using a questionnaire developed following an extensive literature review, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in eastern Libya from June to September 2010. According to factor analysis, the implications for performance of agricultural extension were categorised into two groups: (1) organisational characteristics; and (2) support mechanisms. A total of 46 managers and deputy directors were approached for this study. The study also found a positive association between organisational characteristics, support mechanisms and the performance of agricultural extension.
Retrospect of the Pearl River Delta's Processing Trade since Entering WTO

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Pearl River Delta is the manufacture and trade center of Guangdong.The processing trade is the main force of the Pearl River Delta's foreign trade.After being the member of the WTO,the Pearl River Delta's processing with imported materials,foreign-funded enterprise and private enterprise's processing trade developed rapidly.The industrial structure of foreign trade is shifting from the labor intensive industry to the capital and technology intensive industry.The nine cities of the Pearl River Delta's processing trade have been developed unbalanced.The import-export volume agglomerates on the east of the Pearl River Delta such as Shenzhen,Dongguan and Huizhou,and the provincial capital Guangzhou as well.The growths of Zhuhai,Shenzhen and Guangzhou are leading,while the growths of Dongguan,Zhaoqing and Jiangmen are lagging behind.