jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modelling the impact of riparian forest changes on daily sediment yield: A case study in a meso-scale catchment in SE Germany.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The newly developed sediment delivery model LAPSUS-D has been tested in the meso-scale catchment (60km2) of the Wilde Weisseritz in South-East Germany. LAPSUS-D is the first sediment delivery model that runs with a daily time step and only uses the following input parameters: a DEM, a land use map, a soil map and daily precipitation and discharge data. As the model is new and was calibrated only for a catchment in South-West Poland, the model is now run simultaneous with a widely used sediment delivery model WaTEM/SEDEM (developed in Leuven, Belgium) which simulates erosion and deposition processes on a yearly basis. After a first assessment of the model performance in the German catchment, two scenarios to reduce the sediment yield at the outlet were run. The scenarios were made based on actual river restoration projects elsewhere in similar river settings, to make the scenarios a realistic option for the future. These scenarios were used to run both models to test how the new LAPSUS-D model performs. The comparison reveals the contrast between a yearly and RUSLE based model and the water balance model LAPSUS-D using daily input. The water balance approach includes the effects of the water storage capacity. Locally decreasing water storage capacity causes increased run-off and erosion at lower positions in the landscape. This effect is not visible with the RUSLE approach. Furthermore, the position of the riparian forest scenarios results in differences in the sediment yield simulated by the LAPSUS-D model. While modeling the riparian forest scenarios at different locations in the catchment by the WaTEM/SEDEM causes no difference in sedimentation yield.
IDDF2019-ABS-0239 Clinical outcomes of endoscopic resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Endoscopic resection is recommended for rectal neuroendocrine tumors < 1 cm in diameter; the three techniques (endoscopic submucosal dissection [ESD], endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR], and cap-assisted EMR [EMR-C]) have been previously reported; however, the optimal endoscopic technique remains unknown. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of three endoscopic resection methods for rectal neuroendocrine tumor.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 130 patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors treated by endoscopy at Beijing Friendship Hospital between July 2012 and July 2018. We compared clinical outcomes, including en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, procedure time, postoperative complications, local recurrence and distant metastasis, in three groups based on the endoscopic treatment method.

Results

130 patients received endoscopic resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumor (ESD, 45; EMR, 43; EMR-C, 42). The en bloc resection rate was 100% in all three groups. In the ESD, EMR, and EMR-C groups, R0 resection occurred in 93.3%, 60.5%, and 83.3%, respectively (EMR vs. EMR-C, p = 0.019; EMR vs. ESD, p < 0.01), while the median procedure times were 35.2, 7.1, and 6.9 min, respectively (ESD vs. EMR-C, p < 0.01; ESD vs. EMR, p < 0.01). Postoperative bleeding occurred after ESD in two patients, EMR-C in 1 patient, but not after EMR. One patient with tumor-positive margin after EMR underwent an additional surgery, and lymph node metastasis was seen. No local recurrences or distant metastatic lesions were identified in any of the patients during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

EMR-C was a safe and effective treatment for rectal neuroendocrine tumors.
Mechanical creep of tea leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Tea processing involves fermentation, withering, steaming or pan‐firing, rolling, baking, and drying. Some of these steps are performed at a high temperatures. At such temperatures the creep of the tea leaves plays an important role in the quality of tea. In materials science, creep is the tendency of a tea leaf to move slowly or defom permanently under a constant load. There has been much research on the mechanical properties of the outmost cuticular layer of leaves but there are few reports addressing the mechanical properties of whole leaves. RESULTS We cut tea leaf into specimen of dog‐bone shape and measure the time‐dependent creep deformation using a dynamic mechnical analyzer. Three different tea leaves grown in Taiwan were examined. The nonlinear Burgers model is proposed to describe the creep deformation of the tea leaves. CONCLUSIONS The creep of the tea leaves consists of primary and steady states, and the creep deformation is accurately described by the Kelvin representation of the nonlinear Burgers model. The viscosities in the primary stages satisfied the Arrhenius equation, and the activation energies were determined. The stress exponents for the creep of the tea leaves were less than unity. The Maxwell representation of the Burgers model is mathematically equivalent to the Kelvin representation of the Burgers model and can also be used to explain the creep of tea leaves. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Faculty Opinions recommendation of C. elegans slit acts in midline, dorsal-ventral, and anterior-posterior guidance via the SAX-3/Robo receptor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Robo receptors interact with ligands of the Slit family. The nematode C. elegans has one Robo receptor (SAX-3) and one Slit protein (SLT-1), which direct ventral axon guidance and guidance at the midline. In larvae, slt-1 expression in dorsal muscles repels axons to promote ventral guidance. SLT-1 acts through the SAX-3 receptor, in parallel with the ventral attractant UNC-6 (Netrin). Removing both UNC-6 and SLT-1 eliminates all ventral guidance information for some axons, revealing an underlying longitudinal guidance pathway. In the embryo, slt-1 is expressed at high levels in anterior epidermis. Embryonic expression of SLT-1 provides anterior-posterior guidance information to migrating CAN neurons. Surprisingly, slt-1 mutants do not exhibit the nerve ring and epithelial defects of sax-3 mutants, suggesting that SAX-3 has both Slit-dependent and Slit-independent functions in development. PMID: 11604136
Malware Payload Dissection and Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A poisonous snake bites a person. What is the procedure to treat a snakebite victim? You take the patient to the hospital. First, there must be an assurance that the victim has been bitten by a snake and not by any other animal. Next, the patient is given an antidote, but not any antidote. A victim bitten by cobra cannot be treated by the antidote for a black mamba's venom. So, before you can give the antivenom, you need to identify the snake that has bitten the victim.
Student Evaluation in the Subject of Technology in Primary Schools in Slovakia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim. School evaluation is a sensitive process that involves teachers, students, and their parents in various ways. This article focuses on researching student evaluation by teachers in the subject of Technology in Slovak primary schools. The research aims to determine how teachers assess students in the subject of Technology. Methods. As a research tool, we used a self-designed questionnaire for teachers. We analysed the respondents' answers using descriptive statistical methods. To ascertain differences in responses between qualified and unqualified teachers, we employed the chi-square test. Results. By analysing the data obtained from 107 questionnaires, we found that technology teachers mostly employ an individual approach when evaluating students and emphasise the practical aspects of the subject. Among the evaluation methods, grading scales for summative student assessment prevail. At the same time, there were statistically significant differences between qualified and unqualified teachers. We also observed statistically significant differences in evaluations between qualified and unqualified teachers. Conclusion. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure an increase in the number of qualified and internally motivated technology teachers in primary schools, as only such teachers can motivate and inspire their students to pursue this field of study.
Optimal Stabilizing Controller for the Region of Weak Attraction under the Influence of Disturbances

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers an optimal stabilization problem of quantitative discrete event systems (DESs) under the influence of disturbances.We model a DES by a deterministic weighted automaton.The control cost is concerned with the sum of the weights along the generated trajectories reaching the target state.The region of weak attraction is the set of states of the system such that all trajectories starting from them can be controlled to reach a specified set of target states and stay there indefinitely.An optimal stabilizing controller is a controller that drives the states in this region to the set of target states with minimum control cost and keeps them there.We consider two control objectives: to minimize the worst-case control cost (1) subject to all enabled trajectories and (2) subject to the enabled trajectories starting by controllable events.Moreover, we consider the disturbances which are uncontrollable events that rarely occur in the real system but may degrade the control performance when they occur.We propose a linearithmic time algorithm for the synthesis of an optimal stabilizing controller which is robust to disturbances.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Peserta Didik Melalui Media Model Dengan Metode Inkuiri Di Kelas V SD Negeri 04 Payakumbuh Tahun 2019/2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in class VC SD Negeri 04 Payakumbuh through a media model using the inquiry method. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR). The subjects of this study were all VC class students of SD Negeri 04 Payakumbuh in the 2019/2020 school year, totaling 35 people. The data obtained comes from student data, teachers, and documentation. The data collection procedure used observation instruments, field notes, tests, and documentation. The results showed that the media model with the inquiry method could improve student learning outcomes in science subjects for class VC SD Negeri 04 Payakumbuh. This is evidenced by the average value from the initial conditions of 62, in the first cycle it rose to 68.57, in the second cycle it became 76.28 and in the third cycle it reached 84.
Induction of banana Fusarium Wilt disease with biocontrol bacteria and pathogen by inoculation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Banana vitroplants of 4—5 leaves were inoculated in different ways with two biocontrol bacteria Bacillus subtilis strains A5-6 and C10-1 and the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen(Foc4) to observe their changes of polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL) activities in leaves,which are related to plant tolerance to the disease.The PPO,POD and PAL activities in the leaves of the banana plants were determined by using the physiological and biochemical methods.The banana plants inoculated with the strains A5-6 and C10-1 separately showed higher leaf PPO,POD and PAL activities than those inoculated with the sterile water control,and the banana plants inoculated with mixture of the biocontrol bacteria and Foc4 pathogen had higher leaf PPO,POD and PAL activities than those inoculated with Foc4 alone.
Present Status in the Development of 6 MeV Heavy Ion Beam Probe on LHD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In order to measure the potential in Large Helical Device (LHD), we have been developing a heavy ion beam probe (HIBP). For probing beam, gold beam is used, which is accelerated by a tandem accelerator up to the energy of 6 MeV. The experiments for calibration of beam orbit were done, and experimental results were compared with orbit calculations. The experimental results coincided fairly with the calculation results. After the calibration of the beam orbit, the potential in plasma was tried to measure with the HIBP. The experimental data showed positive potential in a neutral beam heating phase on the condition of ne ∼ 5 × 1018 m-3, and the increase of potential was observed when the additional electron cyclotron heating was applied to this plasma. The time constant for this increase was about a few tens ms, which was larger than a theoretical expectation. In the spatial position of sample volume, we might have an ambiguity in this experiment.
Aqueous Polyketone Latices Prepared with Water-Insoluble Palladium(II) Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide with ethylene or 1-olefins in aqueous emulsion by water-insoluble palladium(II) complexes is reported. Latices of aliphatic polyketones(1-olefin/CO copolymers and ethylene/undec-10-enoic acid/CO terpolymers), prepared by catalytic polymerization, are described for the first time. An in situ catalyst system [{R2P(CH2)3PR2}Pd(OAc)2]/strong acid (R = Ph or (CH2)13CH3) or well-defined complexes [{Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2}PdMe(NCCH3)]+Y-(Y- = [B{3,5-(F3C)2C6H3}4]- or SbF6-) were used in the form of a solution of the palladium(II) complex in miniemulsion droplets of a hydrocarbon dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase. Catalyst activities of up to 5 X 103 TO h-1 slightly exceed those of nonaqueous polymerizations in methanol with the same catalysts. Polymer molecular weights (GPC vs PMMA standards) are typically Mw 2 X 105 (ethylene copolymers) respectively Mw 2 X 104 (1-olefin copolymers) with Mw/Mn 2-4. The 1-olefin copolymers exhibit glass transition temperatures of Tg = +10 to -55°C, which is in the range desirable for latex applications.
Blood Lead Concentrations in Three Groups of Dogs from a Suburban Illinois Community

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Of 89 clinically normal dogs that were regular patients of a suburban Illinois veterinary hospital, all had blood-lead concentrations ( blc ) within the range cited as normal in the literature. In contrast, 22% of 50 dogs from the city pound and 15.3% of 98 dogs owned by low-income families of the community had blc in excess of the normal limits. Additionally, 8% of dogs from the city pound and 4.1% of dogs from low-income families had blc that are reported to be reliably associated with clinical lead poisoning. Socioeconomic characteristics of the dog-owning family were more reliably associated with abnormally high blc than were either history or clinical signs.
Changes in smoking, stress, and sleep duration among Israeli hospital workers during COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among frontline health workers, have been widely noted. The aim of this study was to explore smoking behaviour changes and associations with perceived changes in stress levels and sleep duration among Israeli hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted (May-June, 2020) among employees of a large tertiary medical centre. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, smoking status, perceptions of risk for COVID-19 infection and disease severity, presence of a chronic illness, COVID-19 exposure and infection status, involvement in treating COVID-19 patients, changes in stress levels, sleep duration, and in smoking behaviour during the pandemic. Multi-nominal logistic regression modelling assessed the effect of covariates on smoking behaviour changes. Results More than half (59%) of the 920 respondents, reported an increase in stress levels, and 28% reported changes in sleep duration. One-third (35%) of current smokers (n = 132) reported smoking more during COVID-19. Increased smoking was associated with increased stress (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.2-9.4). In addition, a significant association was demonstrated between an increase in sleeping hours and a decrease in smoking (OR = 6.62, 95% CI 1.2-32). The negative association between changes in smoking and sleep duration was strongest among smokers who reported perceived levels of stress to be the same or slightly higher than pre-COVID-19. Conclusions The mental health implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically for health workers, include negative changes in smoking behaviours and sleep patterns. Mental health support for health workers should address smoking behaviours alongside stress-management skills and coping strategies. Lessons learned from the current pandemic should guide us as the world prepares for a future health crisis. Key messages Increased stress was linked with increased smoking among Israeli hospital workers during COVID-19. Mental health support should target smoking together with offering stress-management skills.
17. Halls of Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Saull’s integration into the top echelons of metropolitan Owenism is exemplified, including his trusteeship of the London Co-Operative Building Society. This was a bank providing loans to the branches, enabling them to build their Halls of Science. These countrywide halls, rarely discussed by historians, are examined: their success compared to mechanics’ institutions, their female friendliness, and the opposition they faced. Saull now sank his money into a central hall in London’s John Street, which was to be Owen’s new headquarters, and he made a tour of the Midlands Halls of Science in 1840, lecturing, for the last time, on evolving life’s ‘law of progression’, with its earthly promise of a New Jerusalem. Saull felt the civic opposition personally when he visited his home town of Northampton. Here his pub-owning nephew was blacklisted for leasing his backroom to socialists (including Holyoake), and eventually went bankrupt.
Current Status of Activity and Performing Context of the Pyeongtaek Folk Song Preservation Society in Gyeonggi-do Province

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

경기도 및 평택시 무형문화재로 지정된 평택민요는 보존회원들을 중심으로 활발하게 전승되고 있다. 경기도 소재 무형문화재 지정 향토민요 종목 중 회원 수 및 활동 상황의 면에서 가장 왕성하다 해도 과언이 아니다. 본고의 목적은 이 보존회의 활동 상황을 점검하고 그 의미를 파악하는 것이다.BR 평택민요보존회에서 진행하는 정기 및 상설공연의 목적은 전래 민요를 전승 맥락 속에서 온전하게 보존하는 것이다. 기획공연을 통해 체험과 교육 효과를 극대화하여 관람객들의 호응을 이끌어내고자 하고, 학생과 시민 대상 교육을 진행함으로써 평택민요의 저변을 확대하고자 한다. 평택민요 경연대회는 시민 강습을 이수한 이들에게 성취감을 제공하는 한편, 보존회 회원 임용 통로로 활용된다.BR 보존회원 연령대는 마을에서 민요를 익힌 70대부터 대학에서 전통 연희를 전공한 20대까지 다양하다. 각각의 공연은 상임단원들이 주축이 되어 진행하고, 도 지정 무형문화재 이수자, 시민 강습을 받은 일반인 출신의 회원들이 보조한다. 무형문화재 보존 및 지원 조례에 의거, 보존회에 지급되는 경제적 지원, 지역사회의 밀접한 관계를 유지를 통한 원활한 신입회원 수급은 평택민요보존회의 활동 원동력이다.BR 정기 공연이 10여 년간 공연되는 동안 연희극화되면서 고유의 정체성이 약화된 면이 있다. 예컨대, 농업요의 경우 풍물패 역할, 농사 행위 재현, 그리고 여성 참여가, 어업요는 고사(告祀) 지내기, 여성들의 조개타령 구연이 그러한 사례에 해당한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 풍물패는 다른 일꾼들과 같은 복색과 행동하기, 소리를 하면서 실제 농사와 비슷한 행위하기, 여성 단원들은 남복(男服)하기, 과거 현덕면 신왕리에서 이루어졌던 고사(告祀) 형태 복원하기, 어업요와 함께 불리는 조개타령과 나나니타령 구연 재고(再考)하기를 제안하였다.
THE SPANISH APPROACH TO THE MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF AGRICULTURE: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A review of the Spanish literature on agricultural multifunctionality shows that it has mostly centred on analysing the wide range of functions displayed by agriculture, paying a special attention to the protection of biodiversity and the environmental functions. The Spanish debate on the conceptual and strategic - in terms of policy reform and international trade negotiations - aspects of multifunctionality has been comparatively scarce. Research oriented to provide alterna- tives to a monofunctional or productivistic view of farming has come mainly under the general heading of rural development.
Maize YABBY Genes drooping leaf1 and drooping leaf2 Regulate Plant Architecture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaf architecture directly influences canopy structure, consequentially affecting yield. We discovered a maize (Zea mays) mutant with aberrant leaf architecture, which we named drooping leaf1 (drl1). Pleiotropic mutations in drl1 affect leaf length and width, leaf angle, and internode length and diameter. These phenotypes are enhanced by natural variation at the drl2 enhancer locus, including reduced expression of the drl2-Mo17 allele in the Mo17 inbred. A second drl2 allele, produced by transposon mutagenesis, interacted synergistically with drl1 mutants and reduced drl2 transcript levels. The drl genes are required for proper leaf patterning, development and cell proliferation of leaf support tissues, and for restricting auricle expansion at the midrib. The paralogous loci encode maize CRABS CLAW co-orthologs in the YABBY family of transcriptional regulators. The drl genes are coexpressed in incipient and emergent leaf primordia at the shoot apex, but not in the vegetative meristem or stem. Genome-wide association studies using maize NAM-RIL (nested association mapping-recombinant inbred line) populations indicated that the drl loci reside within quantitative trait locus regions for leaf angle, leaf width, and internode length and identified rare single nucleotide polymorphisms with large phenotypic effects for the latter two traits. This study demonstrates that drl genes control the development of key agronomic traits in maize.
Correlation of isotope count with sentinel node positivity in vulvar cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e17033 Background: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has become standard of care in early stage vulvar cancer. As the correlation of isotope count with the presence of metastases remains unclear, often several active nodes are excised per groin. This can result in increased morbidity in node-negative disease despite of SNB. In the current analysis we assess, whether resection of the hottest node could be sufficient to detect sentinel lymph node (SNL) metastasis. Methods: All patients with primary vulvar cancer receiving a SNB with radioactive tracer at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2008 and 2015 were evaluated. The day before surgery, patients received four peritumoral intradermal deposits at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock with an overall mean dosage of 85±12MBq 99m Tc–nanocolloid. Planar lymphscintigraphy was performed one hour after injection. Intraoperatively, a handheld gamma counter was used to identify the SNL. Results: 146 patients with SNB were included; thereof 145 pts underwent bilateral SNB, resulting in 291 analyzed groins. A median of 2 (range 1-7) SNL per groin were removed. From 95/291 (32.6%) groins more than 2 SNL were excised. Median overall SNL isotope count was 1400. In 52 groins, a positive SNL was detected (unilateral in 38 patients, bilateral in 7). The median number of positive SNL per groin was 1 (range 1-4). There was no difference of median count in negative compared to positive SNL (median count 1396 vs. 1614; p=0.90). The SNL with the highest isotope count carried metastases in 36/48 groins (75.0%; in 4 cases the highest count was unknown). In 12/48 (25.0%) positive groins, the SNL with the highest count was not the metastatic SNL (11/12 second highest count). Median count of these 12 SNL was 58.8% of the highest count with a range from 6.0% to 74.0%. Conclusions: The highest isotope count does not reliably detect the positive SNL in vulvar cancer. To prevent mostly fatal groin recurrences, surgeons should continue to remove all SNL accumulating relevant radioactive tracer over minimal background activity.