jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Direction-changing positional nystagmus and lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Direction-changing positional nystagmus caused by a peripheral vestibular lesion (DCPN) can be classified into the geotropic and apogeotropic types, based upon the direction of horizontal nystagmus in the right ear down position and the left ear down position, and also paroxysmal and persistent types based upon the duration of horizontal nystagmus. The incidence of DCPNs was estimated and cases that converted from apogeotropic to geotropic DCPN were reported. During the course of 9 years and 5 months, 230 patients had DCPN. Among these, 90 patients had paroxysmal geotropic DCPN, 90 had persistent apogeotropic DCPN and 50 had persistent geotropic DCPN. In 90 cases with persistent apogeotropic DCPN, 59 cases (66%) converted to paroxysmal geotropic DCPN during the head roll test or after performing the barbecue rotation of 360° towards the healthy side. The pathophysiology was estimated that lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (canalolithiasis, the debris being located in the anterior part of the canal) changed to lateral semicircular canal BPPV (canalolithiasis, the debris being located in the posterior part of the canal). Furthermore, 2 cases of persistent apogeotropic DCPN that converted to persistent geotropic DCPN naturally without physiotherapy were also reported. To compare persistent apogeotropic DCPN and persistent geotropic DCPN in these cases, the directions of nystagmus were completely reversed in the right side down position and in the left side down position, and also reversed in the supine position and in the prone position, changing in the nearly sitting position. It was shown that both types of DCPN were identical with respect to the affected side and pathogenesis, but small differences or changes in the pathophysiology might lead to both types of DCPN. The pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying persistent apogeotropic DCPN and persistent geotropic DCPN remain unknown.
Effects of Ethnicity and Prior Depression on Hospital Course and Outcomes in First-Time Stroke Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the US and can result in major disability. Depression can increase risk of stroke and death from stroke, and it is related to worse post-stroke outcomes. There is a dearth of research in Hispanic people, who have a higher burden of disease than non-Hispanic people. The goal of this project was to determine how ethnicity and prior depression affect patient outcomes after first-time stroke.\nFive hundred cases from Baptist Hospital's Get With The Guidelines-Stroke database (9/14-5/15) were analyzed. It was a 2 (Hispanic, non-Hispanic) x 2 (prior depression, no prior depression) factorial cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics analyzed subjects on baseline characteristics (demographics, comorbidities, and NIH Stroke Scale score), hospital course [IV t-PA or neuro-intervention and their turnaround times, and length of stay (LOS)], discharge functional status [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], and discharge disposition. Nonparametric median test was used for LOS and χ2 analysis was used for mRS and disposition.\nOf 500 cases, 199 were excluded because of: prior stroke, TIA, MI, or atrial fibrillation, or LOS≥30 days. Of 301 cases, 195 patients were Hispanic (65%), and 30 had depression (21/195 Hispanic, 12%; 9/97 non-Hispanic, 9%). A marginally significant interaction of ethnicity and depression was found (p=0.061), such that non-Hispanic patients with depression had a shorter LOS than the other groups (3.7 d vs. 6.3-6.9 d). Of 301 patients, 171 (57%) were discharged home. Hispanic patients were less likely to be discharged home (54%) vs. 62% of non-Hispanic patients, regardless of depression. Of 279 patients with a mRS score, 98 (35%) had a good clinical outcome. Only 1/4 of Hispanic patients with depression had a good clinical outcome, vs. 1/3 of patients in the other groups.\nThere was an interaction of ethnicity and depression on LOS where non-Hispanic patients with depression had a shorter LOS than other groups. These findings may be clinically important. It is critical to determine whether these patients had less severe strokes or fewer comorbidities, or if patients were discharged too quickly.
Troubled Nurse: The Physical and Psycho-emotional Effects of Diabetes Care on Nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background: Diabetes care imposes substantial physical and psycho-emotional demands on nurses, influencing both their personal well-being and professional efficacy. The relentless nature of managing chronic illness, coupled with the emotional toll of patient care, often leads to increased levels of stress, fatigue, and burnout among nurses. This review article aims to assess the physical and psycho-emotional effects of diabetes care on nurses. Methods: From 2018 to 2024, the literature on relevant issues was obtained from previously published scholars on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar Results: This review shows that nurses caring for patients with diabetes frequently experience stress, weariness, back pain, and musculoskeletal difficulties due to the chronic nature of the disease and the high demands of patient care. Conclusion: These problems necessitate focused measures to improve nurses’ health, such as improving workplace circumstances and providing emotional support, which can reduce the negative impacts and encourage better care for both patients and nurses.
Bone quality assessment around dental implants in cone-beam CT images: effect of rotation mode and metal artefact reduction tool

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate how artefacts caused by titanium and zirconia dental implants affect the bone quality assessment in CBCT images. The effect of scan mode and the use of metal artefact reduction (MAR) algorithm on artefacts suppression were taken in consideration. Methods Titanium and zirconia dental implants were installed in porcine bone samples and scanned with two CBCT devices with adjustments on scan mode and with the use of MAR. The control group consisted of bone sample without implant and scanned with full-rotation scan mode without MAR. Artefacts extension and bone quality around implants were measured by deviation of grey values and bone histomorphometry measurements (trabecular volume fraction, bone specific surface, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation), respectively. Mean difference among groups was assessed by within ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Correlation between bone quality measurements acquired in the experimental and control groups was assessed by Spearman correlation test (α = .05). Results No statistical difference was found for artefacts extension in images acquired by half and full-rotation modes (P = .82). The application of MAR reduced artefacts caused by titanium and zirconia dental implants, showing no statistically significant difference from the control group (titanium: P = .20; zirconia: P = .31). However, there was no correlation between bone quality measurements (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Bone quality assessment was affected by the presence of artefacts caused by dental implants. Rotation mode did not affect the appearance of artefacts and bone qualitative measurements. MAR was able to decrease artefacts, however, it did not improve the accuracy of bone quality measurements.
The Role of Perceptual Features vs. Learned Associations in Utilizing Directional Indicators

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research by Attneave, Palmer and others has examined what kinds of contexts bias stimuli such as triangles to point in one direction or another. However, little research has been done on what perceptual properties make a stimulus indicate direction at all. Shapes such as arrows and triangles are generally used to indicate direction, but it is unclear why they are more commonly used than other similar stimuli such as checkmarks, Ts, or Ys. It is therefore possible that arrows and triangles possess certain perceptual features that make them good at indicating direction. Alternatively, it is possible that stimuli point simply by virtue of a learned association between a shape and a direction. The current line of research seeks to define any features that are necessary and sufficient for any stimulus to indicate direction. To this end, we have modified arrows in an attempt to vary such perceptual features as angle of the chevron on the arrow, ratio of the size of the chevron relative to the length of the line, and thickness of the line, among others. We present a series of experiments that combine subjective ratings (subjects were asked to indicate which direction they perceive a stimulus to point in) and performance measures (navigation, priming, and speeded classification tasks). Interestingly, we found a disconnect between subjects’ ratings of pointing direction and their performance on tasks that use those stimuli for navigation (i.e., subjects say a stimulus points East, but they are as fast or sometimes faster utilizing it for moving West). However, pointers do seem to be perceived as indicators of direction (as opposed to symbolic stand-ins for direction), as shown by priming effects, as well as by an interaction between Simon interference and congruency with perceived pointing direction. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
Differences in Attribution of Impulse (Id), Ego and Superego Functions to Male and Female Photographs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The response data for a new Photo-Analysis test, comparable to those for Dombrose and Slobin's subtest of the IES Test, were analyzed for sex differences in stimulus content. Male photographs elicited significantly more impulse and fewer ego responses than female photographs from both male and female Ss, as predicted. Although the superego scores were not significantly different, they were in the predicted direction.
L-Lysine Decarboxylase as a Specific Inhibitor of the Growth of a Species of Pichia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In conjunction with our interest in single-cell protein (Coty & Leavitt, 1971), a search was made for a screen which would supply a selection pressure for the isolation of a strain of yeast capable of excreting lysine during growth on hydrocarbons. Initially, we hoped to isolate over-producers by selecting for resistance to analogue of l-lysine, but failed because none of the analogues examined, either alone or in conjunction with compounds which were used to affect yeast-wall permeability, had any effect on the growth of our yeast. The use of L-lysine decarboxylase was then examined and found to be a successful means for inhibiting growth. The results of this study and its possible implications are discussed below.
POLYMERIC SUPPORTS FOR ENZYMES IMMOBILIZATION IN SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The report presents the synthesis of biocatalysts based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized on commercially available polymeric supports: hyper cross-linked polystyrene MN-100 and Sepabeads EC-HA. The immobilization was carried out by covalent crosslinking of the enzyme with the support using glutaraldehyde. The optimal amount of glutaraldehyde for covalent binding of HRP was found to be 0.2 g/l. The peroxidase/MN-100 and peroxidase/Sepabeads EC-HA biocatalysts presented in the work showed good activity in the oxidation of 2-methylnaphthol to 2 methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone (vitamin K4). The biocatalyst based on MN-100 showed higher activity compared to the biocatalyst based on Sepabeads EC-HA, which is likely due to the different surface structure of the original polymer supports. The samples retained their activity in ten consecutive reuses. The high reusability of peroxidase/MN-100 and peroxidase/Sepabeads EC-HA is explained by the high sorption ability of commercial polymer supports MN-100 and Sepabeads EC-HA and the formation of strong covalent bonds between the enzyme and the support. The optimal conditions for the oxidation of 2-methylnaphthol to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone using synthesized biocatalytic systems were also selected. The temperature of 40 °C and pH 7.2 were found to be optimal for the oxidation of the proposed substrate. The presented results will undoubtedly make a positive contribution to the development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
A prospective analysis of clinical efficacy and safety in chronic myeloid leukemia‐chronic phase patients with imatinib resistance or intolerance as evaluated using European LeukemiaNet 2013 criteria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasatinib in Japanese patients with imatinib‐resistant or imatinib‐intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ). Methods From 2009 to 2011, 54 CML ‐chronic phase ( CP ) patients with resistance ( n = 40) or intolerance ( n = 25) to imatinib were registered to undergo dasatinib treatment. Eleven patients showed both resistance and intolerance to imatinib. Coincidentally, the resistance criteria in this study were the same as a non‐optimal response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI s) as defined in the European LeukemiaNet ( ELN ) 2013 recommendations. Results The overall incidence rate of major molecular response ( MMR ) at 12 months was 62.3% ( n = 47). Forty patients with resistance to imatinib who were ‘warning’ and ‘failure’ patients based on the ELN 2013 recommendations were assessed; cumulative MMR and MR 4.5 rates were 62.5% ( n = 39) and 21.0% ( n = 40), respectively, at 12 months. Twelve patients who showed a BCR ‐ ABL transcript level >1% on the international scale did not achieve a MMR or discontinued dasatinib treatment because of insufficient effects. With regard to safety issues, grade 3/4 non‐hematologic adverse events ( AE s) were infrequent. Conclusions Patients with non‐optimal responses (who meet ELN 2013 warning and failure criteria) to imatinib should be switched quickly to dasatinib, which is less toxic in CML ‐ CP patients, to improve their prognoses. A BCR ‐ ABL 1 IS of <1% at 3 months of dasatinib administration is a landmark for good therapeutic outcome.
A Brief Survey of Mycophagy in Ruffed Grouse, <em>Bonasa umbellus</em>, from Northwestern Ontario

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are few published observations regarding the phenomenon of mycophagy in birds, the Ruffed Grouse being no exception. Twenty hunter-killed Ruffed Grouse crops were acquired in the Thunder Bay District from 22 September to 18 October, 2010, and examined for the presence of consumed fungal tissue. Four crops were found to contain intact remains of fruiting bodies. Based on cystidia and spore morphological characters, the specimens recovered were found to belong to three genera: Lactarius, Russula, and Melanoleuca. The results of this brief survey suggest the possible importance of mycophagy in the seasonal diet of the Ruffed Grouse, and indicate the need for further investigation.
Acute and chronic effects of FR-149175, a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, on energy expenditure in Zucker fatty rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinical therapies for both obesity and obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus require maintenance of reduced body weight after the initial successful reduction resulting from calorie control, exercise, or medication. Although β 3 -adrenergic receptor (β 3 -AR) agonists have been shown to stimulate whole body energy expenditure and lipid mobilization, whether stimulatory effects on oxygen consumption and lipolysis are influenced by chronic exposure to agonists has not been fully characterized. We therefore examined the acute and chronic effects of FR-149175, a selective β 3 -AR agonist, on whole body oxygen consumption in genetically obese Zucker fatty rats. Chronic treatment with FR-149175 caused a decrease in both body weight gain and white fat pad weight at doses that induced lipolysis in acute treatment (1 and 3.2 mg/kg po). Single administration of FR-149175 (0.1, 1, and 3.2 mg/kg po) dose dependently increased whole body oxygen consumption. Repetitive administration did not cause attenuation of the thermogenic response at lower doses (0.1 and 1 mg/kg 2 times daily), whereas the highest dose (3.2 mg/kg 2 times daily) induced a progressive increase in oxygen consumption. PCR analyses of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue indicated little or no change in β 3 -AR mRNA levels. Uncoupling protein 1 gene expression increased at 1 mg/kg, and drastic upregulation was detected at 3.2 mg/kg. FR-149175 also increased HSL mRNA levels in a dose-related manner, whereas there was no effect on genes involved in β-oxidation. These results support that the thermogenic effect of β 3 -AR agonists is not attenuated by chronic exposure to agonists.
Miscellaneous Contributions to the Essential Oils of the Plants from Various Territories. XXXVII. On the Components of the Essential Oils of Magnolia Kobus DC.var. borealis SARG. (1)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The essential oil of Magnolia Kobus DC. var. borealis SARG. from Sapporo, Hokkaido, was examined. The yield of shoot oil was about 0.2% and that of branchets was 0.03%. The characteristic constituents of these oils are limonene, 1, 8-cineole, p-cymene, l-camphor, and α-terpineol.
Geothermal Energy Resources and Their Use in Yugoslavia*

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Yugoslavia has a 30-year tradition in geothermal energy utilization. The oil crisis of the 1970s and 1980s provided a fresh impetus for assessment and exploration of potential systems in fractured and porous aquifers, and for development of applications of low-enthalpy thermal water. It is expected that these efforts will continue with greater intensity in the new future.
Numerical simulation of vortex shedding in oscillatory flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Viscous forces that act on a body moving in a fluid may form a significant part of the total force acting on the body. The use of the linear potential-flow theory does not take into consideration the viscous effects that cause flow separation, skin-friction drag, and lift. Various methods have been developed and used to calculate the viscous forces numerically since Rosenhead's initial calculations. A review of the earlier work done in the area of vortex shedding and calculation of viscous flows is presented in chapter 1. Some vortex methods, that are commonly used, are described. One of these, the Discrete Vortex Method, is described in detail in chapter 2. This is demonstrated for a bluff body with sharp corners using the features of the Clement's model. However, this method does not simulate the effects of vorticity diffusion in the flow. Moreover, the body must also have sharp edges, which are taken to be the separation points. -- Another method, that does not impose such limitations, is the Vortex-In-Cell(VIC) Method. This is developed and first applied to study flows past a circular cylinder in order to validate the method with existing results in chapter 3. Conformal transformations coupled with this method enable us to study flows past bodies of other cross-sectional shapes. Various mappings are derived and developed to simulate flows past a variety of shapes. A fin was added on to the body contour to simulate the effect of a skeg in the case of boat-sections. The force coefficients, CD and CM, were calculated at different Keulegan-Carpenter numbers and verified for sections like a circle, a flat plate, and a square, in an oscillatory flow, with the results obtained by other workers. They were also calculated for a finned-circle, a section of a boat that is rounded and one that has hard chines. The theory and the method, the necessary modifications to the VIC method, and the simulation results are presented in chapter 4. A conclusion of the work done in the different chapters along with some comments are given in chapter 5.
A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Calf diarrheic diseases result from complex interactions of the environment. Infectious agents and the calf itself are the major constraints for raising replacement stock. Calf diarrhea is a multi factorial disease entity that can have serious financial and animal welfare implications in both dairy and beef sucker herds and is one of the most common diseases reported in calves up to 3 months old. Among the bacterial causes of diarrhea in neonatal food animals, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are the most common and economically important ones. Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter species have also been identified as causes of enteric diseases in calf diarrhea other, Non-infectious factors, such as insufficient uptake of colostrum, poor sanitation, stress, overcrowding in the calf pens and cold weather, could cause neonatal calf diarrhea. The most prominent virulence factors identified in bacterial diarrhea are expression of fimbrial (pili) antigens that enables the bacteria to adhere and to colonize the luminal surface of the small bowel and elaboration of one or more enterotoxins that influence intestinal secretion of fluids. Various laboratory methods have been applied for the detection of infectious agents of calf diarrhea in fecal sample such as, bacterial culture, electron microscopy, molecular based techniques (PCR, DNA microarray) and serological techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, latex agglutination test). Accurate and rapid early confirmation of the etiology in the disease outbreak as well as improving the various management factors are advised, for effective control and prevention of enteric disease in newborn calves. Treatment with rehydration solutions and provision of dry and warm conditions are vital in the treatment of calf diarrhoea. Key Words: Bacteria, calf diarrhoea, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, risk factor.
Controlled pattern imputation for sensitivity analysis of longitudinal binary and ordinal outcomes with nonignorable dropout

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The controlled imputation method refers to a class of pattern mixture models that have been commonly used as sensitivity analyses of longitudinal clinical trials with nonignorable dropout in recent years. These pattern mixture models assume that participants in the experimental arm after dropout have similar response profiles to the control participants or have worse outcomes than otherwise similar participants who remain on the experimental treatment. In spite of its popularity, the controlled imputation has not been formally developed for longitudinal binary and ordinal outcomes partially due to the lack of a natural multivariate distribution for such endpoints. In this paper, we propose 2 approaches for implementing the controlled imputation for binary and ordinal data based respectively on the sequential logistic regression and the multivariate probit model. Efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are developed for missing data imputation by using the monotone data augmentation technique for the sequential logistic regression and a parameter‐expanded monotone data augmentation scheme for the multivariate probit model. We assess the performance of the proposed procedures by simulation and the analysis of a schizophrenia clinical trial and compare them with the fully conditional specification, last observation carried forward, and baseline observation carried forward imputation methods.