jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methods of fabricating uranium monocarbide, mononitride, and carbonitride cores for fast reactor fuel elements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Laboratory methods of obtaining uranium carbide, nitride, and carbonitride, and fabricating fuel-element cores from them were developed. The uranium compounds were obtained from reactions between metallic uranium and nitrogen, preceded by hydrogenation of the metal. A continuous process was achieved using specially developed equipment that yielded 1.5 to 2 kg of product per hour. Uranium compounds were obtained also by carbo-thermal reduction of uranium dioxide in a boiling layer. From compound powders, pellets were obtained by cold pressing followed by sintering and long rods by extrusion through a die and sintering. Parameters of the processes yielding products of the required composition, structure, density and other properties are presented. (auth)
Lévy Processes on Quantum Permutation Groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe basic motivations behind quantum or noncommutative probability, introduce quantum Lévy processes on compact quantum groups, and discuss several aspects of the study of the latter in the example of quantum permutation groups. The first half of this paper is a survey on quantum probability, compact quantum groups, and Lévy processes on compact quantum groups. In the second half the theory is applied to quantum permutations groups. Explicit examples are constructed and certain classes of such Lévy processes are classified.
Stability of Spherically Symmetric, Charged Black Holes and Multipole Moments for Stationary Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation is written in two parts. Part I deals with the question of stability of a spherically symmetric, charged black hole against scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations. It consists of two papers written in collaboration with Igor D. NoVikov, Vernon D. Sandberg and A. A. Starobinsky. In these papers we describe the dynamical evolution of these perturbations on the interior of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. The instability of the hole's Cauchy horizon is discussed in detail in terms of the energy densities of the test fields as measured by a freely falling observer approaching the Cauchy horizon. We conclude that the Cauchy horizon of the analytically extended Reissner-Nordstrom solution is highly unstable and not a physical feature of a realistic gravitational collapse. Part II of this dissertation addresses two problems closely connected with muitipole structure of stationary, asymptotically flat spacetimes. It consists of two papers written in collaboration with Kip S. Thorne despite the fact that his name does not appear on one of them. The first one (Paper III in this thesis) shows the equivalence of the moments defined by Kip S. Thorne and the moments defined by Robert Geroch and Richard Hansen. The second (Paper IV in this thesis) proves a conjecture by Kip S. Thorne: In the limit of "slow" motion, general relativistic gravity produces no changes whatsoever in the classical Euler equations of rigid body motion. We prove this conjecture by giving an algorithm for generating rigidly rotating solutions of Einstein's equations from nonrotating, static solutions.
Magnetic Anisotropy in K0.4[Cr(CN)6][Mn(S)-pn](S)-pnH0.6 Molecular Ferrimagnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The deviation of the temperature dependence of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a K0.4[Cr(CN)6][Mn(S)-pn](S)-pnH0.6 uniaxial ferrimagnetic molecular magnet from the theoretical predictions for this dependence are revealed and discussed. The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which becomes significant at low temperatures and causes non-collinear ordering of spins, is shown to be the source of this deviation.
The Different Jurisprudence Methods Cause the Islamic Law View Differences (Zakat Example)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The rules of fiqh, the foundations of which were laid in the first age and geography of Islam, were later developed by Islamic scholars and turned into methods. Because the production of fiqh rulings within the framework of a method is thought to play an important role in the establishment of a fiqh stable structure. Over time, these methods have proliferated with the force of regional conditions. As it is known, three different methods have emerged in the science of procedure, mutakallim, fuqaha and mamzuj. Therefore, it is not possible to talk about a single method in establishing fiqh judgments. The difference in method naturally brings along the difference of fiqh views. Within the framework of a certain method, the reasons for the differences in views are explained in the fiqh books in a scattered way. Although recent studies in the field of comparative Islamic law show a scattered approach to juridical disagreements, they still give a scattered image. In this article, it is aimed to explain together the causes of juridical differences of opinion, which are also closely related to comparative law. In addition, as a specific example with the idea that it serves the purpose, the subject will be enriched through zakat.
Wideband Endfire Antenna Array for 5G mmWave Mobile Terminals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a compact endfire antenna array with low-profile, small clearance, and wideband operation is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) fifth-generation (5G) mobile terminals. The wideband operation is achieved by exciting two identical bow-tie dipoles inserted on both sides of a multilayer substrate fed by an asymmetric open-end stripline to slotline transition. The antenna performance is significantly improved by introducing a set of vertical metallic vias. The proposed antenna element can achieve 29 % from 24.2 GHz to 32.4 GHz with a peak realized gain that varies from 3.5 dBi to 4.5 dBi. A linear 4-element antenna array is arranged and fabricated to verify the proposed antenna beamforming capabilities. The simulated and measured bandwidth achieves a wide range of 34.4 % (24-34 GHz) to support 26, 28, and 30 GHz 5G mmWave bands with an isolation level better than 20 dB and a peak realized gain over the interested bands ranging from 7.56 to 8.14 dBi. The simulated array scanning angle is ±68° at 28 GHz within 3-dB gain deterioration. Furthermore, the simulated spherical coverage has met the requirements of 3GPP standards which make the proposed antenna array a promising candidate to be integrated within mmWave 5G mobile devices.
Afterword: An End to Imagining?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses periodization and in marking critical boundaries, it is not based in ethnography, but rather offers a possible reading of certain trends in political anthropology, as an academic practice and subfield, and hence is based in reading in a more direct and literal sense. It argues for a particular account of imagination as a social power that operates through and can only be accessed in mediation. This social imagination operates in a world of shared meanings, draws on symbols that pre-exist any individual appropriation of them, and characteristically relies on compression of large and plural realities into humanly-graspable and thinkable forms. The ideational, ideological, or simply imaginary was, for quite some time, an object of suspicion and critique in the subfield of political anthropology. As Thomas Blom Hansen has commented on Veena Das's similar elaboration of "the ordinary" as a testing ground for the ethical truth of anthropology.
Addressing Psychosocial Factors in Cognitive Impairment Screening from a Holistic Perspective: The DeCo-Booklet Methodology Design and Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cognitive impairment (CI), an intermediate phase between the decline in physiological cognition and dementia, is known to be mediated by a variety of risk and protective factors, with age being the most influential of these. The multifactorial nature of CI and the worldwide phenomenon of an aging population makes decoupling old age from disease through the concept of healthy aging (HA) a matter of major interest. Focusing on psychosocial variables and psychological constructs, here we designed and piloted a data collection booklet (DeCo-B) to assess CI and HA from a holistic perspective. The DeCo-B comprises six sections: sociodemographic factors, CI, meaning in life, psychosocial factors, health problems, and lifestyle. The estimated prevalence of CI and HA in our cohort were 24.4% and 6.6%, respectively. Spearman correlations mainly identified pairwise associations between the meaning in life domains and psychosocial variables. Moreover, age, marital status, purpose in life, resilience, chronic pain, cognitive reserve, and obstructive sleep apnea were significantly associated with an increased risk of CI. Our results showed that DeCo-B is a suitable tool for researching how modifiable risk and protective factors influence cognitive status. The complex interrelationships between variables should be further investigated and, for practical reasons, the questionnaire should be optimized in future work.
Rhynchosporoside, a host-selective toxin produced by Rhynchosporium secalis , the causal agent of scald disease of barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhynchosporoside, a phytotoxic compound, has been isolated from cultures of Rhynchosporium secalis , the causal agent of scald disease of barley. The toxin is a cello-bioside of 1,2-propanediol. The compound may play some role in symptom expression because it was isolated from diseased plants in concentrations similar to those that could cause symptoms in toxin-treated plants. The toxin causes leaf tip and marginal necrosis and subsequent chlorosis of the entire leaf. The toxin affects only certain cultivars and lines of barley and rye; however, it also affects certain nonhosts of R. secalis . The genetic factor controlling host resistance to the fungus is not identical to that controlling insensitivity to the toxin.
Early detection of sympathetic myocardial denervation in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with FAP have a high incidence of cardiac denervation and an abnormal circadian BP pattern. These alterations in cardiac autonomic function precede the development of clinical manifestations and may be an important factor in determining the optimal timing for liver transplantation, which is currently the only way to control the progression of the disease.
REVIEW ESSAY On the representation of the island in my artwork

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores the development of an art proje ct with the island as its central theme. The process is explained through a s election of background material and other considerations that have led to the work. As a star ting point for this project, the author worked on the island of Ameland, The Netherlands, where she was born and raised. To experience the island from an outsider's point of view, she also s tayed for a period of time on Grimsey, North Iceland. The work that resulted from this period of experiencing and gathering information around islands, Iland / Us, consists of two sculptures that deal with borders, protection, self and community. Among selected fragments are texts from literature and science, photos and sketches, underpinned by personal experience.
An Effect on the Subjective Sexual Response in Premenopausal Women with Sexual Arousal Disorder by Bremelanotide (PT-141), a Melanocortin Receptor Agonist

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Melanocortins affect multiple physiological responses, including sexual behaviors. Bremelanotide is a synthetic peptide melanocortin analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is an agonist at melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R. Aim To evaluate a single intranasal dose of bremelanotide for potential effects on physiological and subjective measurements of sexual arousal and desire in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder. Main Outcome Measures Change in vaginal pulse amplitude during neutral and erotic videos after treatment with bremelanotide or placebo and subjects’ perceptions of physiological and sexual response within 24 hours of treatment with bremelanotide or placebo. Methods Eighteen premenopausal women with a primary diagnosis of female sexual arousal disorder were randomly assigned to receive a single intranasal dose of 20 mg bremelanotide or matching placebo in a double-blind manner during the first in-clinic treatment session, and the alternate medication during the second in-clinic treatment session. During each session, subjects viewed a 20-minute neutral video followed by a 20-minute sexually explicit video. Vaginal photoplethysmography was used to monitor vaginal vasocongestion and questionnaires were used to evaluate perceptions of sexual response within the following 24-hour period. Results More women reported moderate or high sexual desire following bremelanotide treatment vs. placebo (P = 0.0114), and a trend toward more positive responses regarding feelings of genital arousal occurred after bremelanotide compared with placebo (P = 0.0833). Among women who attempted sexual intercourse within 24 hours after treatment, significantly more were satisfied with their level of sexual arousal following bremelanotide, compared with placebo (P = 0.0256). Vaginal vasocongestion did not change significantly while viewing erotic videos following bremelanotide administration compared with placebo. Conclusion This preliminary evaluation suggests the potential for bremelanotide to positively affect desire and arousal in women with female sexual arousal disorder and indicates that bremelanotide is a promising candidate for further evaluation in an at-home study.
Three-Compartment, Two Parameter, Concentration-Driven Model for Uptake of Excess Atmospheric CO 2 by the Global Ocean

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. This paper develops, applies, and examines a transparent three-compartment model for the amounts of CO2 (dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) in the mixed-layer and deep ocean, over the Anthropocene driven by the observed amount of atmospheric CO2. The model has two independent parameters, the piston velocity vp characterizing the rate of water exchange between the mixed-layer ocean (ML) and the deep ocean (DO), and the atmosphere-ocean deposition velocity for low- to intermediate-solubility gases kam. The net uptake of CO2 into the ocean is only weakly dependent on kam, so the net uptake rate depends almost solely on vp. This piston velocity is determined from the measured the rate of uptake of heat by the global ocean from the 1960's to the present as 7.5 ± 2.2 m yr‑1, 1-σ. The resultant modeled net uptake flux of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 by the global ocean at year 2022 is 2.84 ± 0.6 Pg yr-1; the corresponding net transfer coefficient, the net anthropogenic uptake flux divided by the stock of excess atmospheric CO2 is 0.010 ± 0.002 yr-1. This net transfer coefficient appears to decrease slightly (~ 17 %) over the Anthropocene, attributed to the decrease of the equilibrium solubility of CO2 (as dissolved inorganic carbon) in seawater due to the uptake of additional CO2 over this period and to increasing slight return flux from the DO to the ML. Modeled DIC in the global ocean and net atmosphere-ocean fluxes compare well with observations and with current carbon cycle models (both concentration-driven and emissions-driven). Uptake of anthropogenic carbon by the terrestrial biosphere is calculated as the difference between emissions and the sum of increases in atmospheric and ocean stocks. The model is examined for radiocarbon over the industrial era, over the period during which radiocarbon was influenced by emissions of 14C-free CO2 mainly from fossil fuel combustion, and the period dominated by 14C emissions from atmospheric weapons testing. A variant of the model with only two compartments and one parameter, vp, treating the atmosphere and the mixed-layer ocean as a single compartment in equilibrium, performs essentially as well as the three-compartment, two-parameter model. Although the concentration-driven model developed here cannot be used prognostically (to assess model skill in replicating atmospheric CO2 over the industrial period or to examine response to changes in emissions), it is useful diagnostically to examine the disposition of excess carbon into the pertinent global compartments as a function of time over the Anthropocene and for confidently representing ocean uptake of excess CO2 in emissions-driven models.
Use of amazonian fruits in dental bleaching

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Natural products stand out for their chemical diversity, thus plants are important candidates for screening new bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the effect of plant extracts combined with 16% carbamide peroxide (PC16%) on tooth whitening. Bovine teeth and composite resin blocks were randomly assigned to pigmentation and whitening protocols. For pigmentation, they were immersed in diluted coffee (14 days), and whitening was performed by mixing 1g of plant extract from each species and 0.5mL of PC16% (9 days). The extracts were prepared from fruits of species occurring in the Amazon biome: Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae), Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae), Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae), Theobroma grandiflorum (Malvaceae), and Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae). PC16% was used alone as control, and a group without whitening was also included. Color analysis was performed using ΔE2000, ΔE1976, and WhiteIndex through an EasyShade Advanced 4.0 spectrophotometer before and after the protocols. The pH of the extracts at a concentration of 10% and micrographs after whitening were analyzed. Data were analyzed by one-dimensional ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Pigmentation showed significance only for bovine teeth (p 0.05). The pH of the pupunha and guaraná-de-maués extracts approached that of PC16%. Micrographs show that only the cupuaçu group had no surface alteration. Further research is needed to investigate variation factors, particularly given the study's limitations.
Electrically injected photonic crystal edge emitting quantum dot light source

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study addresses the need for integrable, electrically injected microcavity light sources for compact photonic integrated circuits and presents a novel electrically injected 2D PC-based quantum dot edge emitting light source with coupled PC waveguide that avoids carrier recombination in PC air-holes and allows for easy integration with PC planar waveguides. It is envisaged that ultimately, with a single dot in the PC microcavity, the coupled device will be an ideal vehicle for the study of cavity quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) phenomena.
Review of Chinese littoralThalassaphorura(Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present paper is the third contribution to the knowledge of littoral Collembola of China. Species of the genus Thalassaphorura occurring in sandy and shingly beaches in China are reviewed. Descriptions of two new species, Thalassaphorura brevisetosa sp. nov. and Thalassaphorura hainanica sp. nov. are provided. Thalassaphorura duplopunctata and Thalassaphorura lifouensis are recorded for the first time from China, and T. duplopunctata is re-described mainly based on Chinese specimens. Thalassaphorura brevisetosa sp. nov. is characterized by having strongly reduced unguiculus and very short body chaetae. Thalassaphorura hainanica sp. nov. resembles Thalassaphorura pomorskii from which it differs by 2 + 2 pso on Abd. IV, absence of chaetae on Th. I sternum and four chaetae on subcoxa 1 of leg I, among other characters.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B8AC3DB3-DF12-47E2-ACEE-969D72C594C8
DI-052 Stability study of ceftazidime mylan through use in the ambulatory treatment of cystic fibrosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background

There is a local network dedicated to patients suffering from cystic fibrosis that is willing to provide healthcare, especially continuous antibiotherapy at home. The antibiotics, delivered to patients in the Baxter infusion system (continuous/intermittent), are prepared at the hospital pharmacy for a maximum of 7 days' use. Because of continuous backorders from the GSK laboratory, the Fortum preparation often has to be switched to the ceftazidime mylan preparation. The regulatory aspects has led us to conduct a stability study as there are no studies in the literature that have validated the use of the generic drug compared with ceftazidime mylan.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to establish the stability of ceftazidime mylan once reconstituted and filled in the Baxter infusion system. The stability study was conducted to closely match intended use by patients at home (storage, temperature management, administration). The final goals of the study were: allow the use of the Fortum generic, ceftazidime mylan, for 12 h continuous perfusion. compare with Fortum data

Material and methods

Preparation, including reconstitution, filling and sealing of the antibiotics at a 5 mg/mL concentration into the Baxter system was done under aseptic conditions and stored at 4–8°C. In order to analyse drug activity, some aliquots were made following an experiment plan and frozen until analysis by HPLC. The analyses were performed at different times and days to ensure an optimal match with the condition of use at home. The experiment was planned over a 10 day conservation pattern.

Results

The guidelines consider remaining activity of 90% for antibiotics as efficient. Our results showed that activity was 89–90% after 12 h of perfusion during the experimental process of 10 days.

Conclusion

The kinetic profiles of ceftazidime mylan and the GSK Fortum were similar. We can conclude that the use of ceftazidime mylan is validated for intermittent/continuous administration. We may further investigate the possibility of improving drug stability with a better cooling chain at home.

References and/or Acknowledgements

Guidelines-ystic fibrosis. No conflict of interest.