jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Universal Aspects of Deconfinement in 2+1 Dimensions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The 2+1 dimensional pure SU(N) gauge theories with N <= 4 are candidates for applying the powerful tools of scaling and universality to their deconfinement transitions at finite temperature. The corresponding 2 dimensional q-state Potts models with q <= 4 have 2nd order transitions, and we can exploit many exact results to obtain accurate critical couplings, transition temperatures, critical exponents, and the leading behavior of the continuum string tension near the phase transition on one side, together with its dual on the other. Thereby, the self-duality of the 2d spin models is reflected in a duality between spacelike vortices and confining electric fluxes. We also discuss the relevance of center symmetry and the corresponding vortices for confinement in full QCD when the electromagnetic interactions of fractionally charged quarks are included.
[LCHAD (long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) deficiency as a cause of sudden death of a three months old infant].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LCHAD deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive congenial defect of fatty acid oxidation. In this disorder high mortality is observed. In some cases patients die during the first episode of this disease, without the diagnosis of LCHAD. We report the case of a three months old boy, whose sudden death was the result of LCHAD deficiency.
An Evaluation of the Contribution of African Traditional Medicine to Healthcare Delivery: A Case Study of Selected Herbal Centres in Akuapem, Ghana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Traditional medicine has become indispensable in contemporary healthcare delivery in both rural and urban communities in Ghana and beyond as it is patronized by people of various social statuses. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the weaknesses and strengths of traditional medicine preparation, administration, and use within Ghana’s healthcare system. With the use of a semi-structured interview guide, purposive and random sampling techniques were employed in this qualitative study to gather data from a well-established traditional medical facility as well as two native healers all in the Akuapem enclave of Ghana. It was noted that despite significant setbacks such as poor preservation and storage of herbs and medications, a lack of labeling and expiration dates, and noncompliance with quality control and assurance procedures among others in the operations of certain local herbalists, traditional medicine has been improved in some areas through the application of contemporary scientific and technological knowledge. To enhance their practices and optimize the benefits of traditional medicine, the study suggests assistance for the many herbal medicine practitioners who are operating clandestinely and outside of the accepted standards. The study provides empirical evidence on the evolution of African traditional medicine and identifies areas for improvement to enhance its significance in Ghana’s healthcare delivery. It also emphasizes the necessity for effective collaboration between conventional healthcare providers and traditional health practitioners in the delivery of quality healthcare in Ghana. Keywords: Traditional Healthcare, African Traditional Medicine, Western Scientific Medicine, Healthcare Delivery, Akuapem – Ghana
European Labor Migration: Consequences for the Countries of Worker Origin

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

An attempt is made to critically reappraise the overall relationship between labor emigration and the economic, sociocultural, and political systems of the countries of worker origin along which emigration operates simultaneously as both a dependent and an independent variable. The emigration policy dilemmas facing sending countries have their roots in the international economic system's structural realities, as understood through the related paradigms of center/periphery and uneven development. The development gap between labor receivers and suppliers has under conditions of substantial and almost uninterrupted growth on the part of the receivers aggravated the advanced European industrial powers' structural labor shortages and exaggerated their need for large continents of foreign labor, thus literally premising their continuous growth on the constant supply of such labor. Yet, at the same time, the less developed countries (LDCs) in the European periphery were asked to play the role of industrial satellites to the industrial metropolis, a task which was most welcome in the developing countries' expansive mode of the late 1950s and early 1960s. This situation encouraged the creation of an atmosphere of negligence in the capitals of the sending countries which facilitated the gradual internationalization of labor. The reliance on foreign labor has failed to solve those serious structural economic deficiencies of labor receivers that it was purported to correct, and, in fact, may have aggravated them. Additionally, the automatic control mechanisms which has been relied upon to regulate the migrant inflow are proving very unreliable. Labor emigration has usually been posited as the vehicle for the effective mitigation of several acute structural economic problems of labor exporters, while the twin vehicles of remittances and return of trained workers offer the LDCs an opportunity to effect their own economic transformation. The expectation that returning emigrants will have acquired the occupational skills to effect the socioeconomic metamorphosis of their countries has been little more than a myth.
Use of Transgenic Animals in Biotechnology: Prospects and Problems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During the past two decades, there have been numerous attempts at using animals in order to produce recombinant human proteins and monoclonal antibodies. However, it is only recently that the first two therapeutic agents isolated from the milk of transgenic animals, C1 inhibitor (Ruconest) and antithrombin (ATryn), appeared on the market. This inspires hope that a considerable number of new recombinant proteins created using such technology could become available for practical use in the near future. In this review, the methods applied to produce transgenic animals are described and the advantages and drawbacks related to their use for producing recombinant human proteins and monoclonal antibodies are discussed.
Variation in Soluble Sugars in Arabica Coffee Cherry Fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The maturation of Arabica coffee fruits is influenced by both endogenous and external factors. The stage of fruit maturation affects the chemical composition of the beans, which in turn impacts the quality of the coffee beverage. During maturation, the fruit peel changes colour from green to red (cherry), signalling the optimal harvest time and suggesting high fruit quality. However, the degree of redness can vary, indicating different levels of maturity. This study aimed to explore the variation in soluble sugar accumulation in relation to the redness of coffee fruit tissues. We classified ripe fruits into six ripeness categories based on the intensity of the red colour of the epicarp, measured using a colourimeter. We analysed total soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch in three parts: coat (exocarp + mesocarp), coat juice (obtained by squeezing the coat), and beans. Our findings reveal that the variation in sugar in the endosperm does not correspond to changes in the coat, suggesting separate regulation of sugar accumulation, particularly sucrose, which is crucial for coffee quality. Our data indicate that there is no transfer of sucrose and reducing sugars from the red coat to the bean.
Load balancing with migration penalties

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many practical systems perform load balancing. The main aim of load balancing is to utilize the capacity of a system of parallel processors efficiently and to reduce the delay of processing jobs. This paper is concerned with load balancing, or process migration, when there is a penalty associated with migration. We consider the following model: jobs arrive at each of n parallel servers. An arriving job can either be processed in a unit of time, on average, at the server where it arrives, or it can migrate to another server where it creates K ges 1 independent jobs. When K = 1, migrating jobs impose no extra cost and this problem is considered extensively in the literature. We are interested in the situation K > 1. The problem is to decide whether a job should migrate or not. On the one hand migration leads to load balancing and hence reduces backlogs. However, it also leads to the creation of extra work and, hence, to a potential loss of throughput. We ask: do there exist simple migration policies that can reduce backlogs while providing the highest throughput? Somewhat surprisingly, we find that policies like "migrate to the least loaded server" are unstable: they cause a loss of throughput. However, we find that a simple variant of this rule is stable and leads to a reduction of backlogs
The Existing Conditions and Problems of Ecological Corridor in Korea - Focusing on Planting Species -

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ecological corridor is the facility to connect two habitats fragmented by roads, dam, housing and industrial area. Critics of faunal corridors have suggested that they are simply an untested application of unproved island biogeography theory. But, everyone agree that ecological corridor is important useful structural components that help animal movement in fragmented landscapes. There are 52 ecological corridors in Korea. We investigated 43 ecological corridors of these and recorded the size of corridor, planting species, management and growth condition. We compared planting species to nearby exiting vegetation species and structure. We found that there are no considerations for many aspects of planting, for example, planting species, structure, animal migration and behavior, surrounding vegetation etc. Expecially, It was ignored management of plants, difference of surrounding vegetation, lacks of diverse planting species and structure. We suggest planting the native species of tall tree, shrub and ground cover, edge planting for transitional space between road and natural habitat, planting for foraging and breeding of target animal, diverse layer vegetation, and open space of center for rapid animal dispersal.
LEGAL REGULATION OF COUNTER-TERRORISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UKRAINIAN AND BRITISH LEGISLATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the main aspects of combating terrorism in Ukrainian legislation, including a comparative analysis with the anti-terrorist legislation of Great Britain, in particular the Terrorism Act 2000, Terrorism Act 2006, the Counter Terrorism Act 2008, Security and Justice (NI) Act 2007, and the Security and Justice (NI) Act 2013.The Decree of the President of Ukraine On the Concept of Combating Terrorism in Ukraine, as the main legal document aimed at combating terrorism, is analysed.An important issue in the prevention of terrorist acts is the collection of information from the population and the listening of mobile devices.This issue is analysed in relation to Ukrainian legislation (the Law of Ukraine On operative investigative activity), US legislation (the Patriotic Act), and Great Britain legislation (the Counter Terrorism Act 2008), which makes it possible to determine current trends in this area.In this aspect of combating terrorism, it is important to prevent restrictions on human rights and freedoms.Blocking the channels of its financing is an important mechanism for combating terrorism.The article analyses the difference between the concept and methods of financing terrorism in the legislation of Ukraine and Great Britain.Special attention is paid to the issue of migration and the regulation of this issue in Ukrainian and British legislation.It is emphasised that the regulation of this problem is rather weak compared to the legislation of Great Britain.The Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 provides another important point in the context of counter-terrorism -to prevent people from being involved in terrorism -and has quite effective mechanisms for implementing this provision in practice.In general, the analysis carried out in the article is quite important in the context of improving the anti-terrorist legislation in Ukraine and bringing it up to world standards.
Metro noise-induced activity disturbances and their water sound-based countermeasures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With the rapid renewal and development of metro lines, the activity disturbances caused by metro noise inside buildings have attracted much attention. A large number of studies have explored the activity disturbances induced by aboveground railway or road traffic noises, there is a lack of research assessing the activity disturbances due to metro noise. Accordingly, this study investigated the disturbances induced by metro noise in indoor condition at four noise levels (50, 55, 60 and 65 dBA) in three kinds of stimulation conditions (calculation, judgement and memory) and the regulating effects of adding four types of water sounds (fountain, stream, water-drop and waterfall sounds) on the disturbance levels due to metro noise. Seventy-nine subjects participated in the experiment and were exposed to a series of acoustic samples before being asked to evaluate the disturbance levels using a 5-point verbal scale. The results show that under the same metro noise environments, the disturbance levels of memory were much higher than those of calculation and judgement, and compared to the disturbance level of calculation, the disturbance levels of judgement and memory were more sensitive to the change of metro noise level. Besides, when A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level lay between 55 and 65 dBA, the disturbance level of memory seemed to reduce after adding the fountain sound or water-drop sound, among which the capability of water-drop sound seemed stronger, and the mitigating effect of water-drop sound seemed to become more significant with the increase of metro noise level.
Needle-like morphology of H2K4b polyplexes associated with increases in transfection in vitro.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY: Several synthetic histidine-lysine (HK) polymers have been screened for their efficacy as carriers of nucleic acids in vitro. One branched HK polymer, H2K4b (and its derivatives), has been particularly effective as an in vitro carrier of plasmids. In this study, we investigated whether various salt conditions during formation of the H2K4b/plasmid DNA polyplex affected transfection. We compared the transfection ability of H2K4b polyplexes prepared under three conditions: 1) water, 2) water and then Opti-MEM (or 300 mM NaCl), or 3) Opti-MEM (or 150 mM NaCl). The milieu in which the H2K4b polyplexes were prepared significantly affected in vitro transfection, and conditions that resulted in highest to lowest transfection levels were as follows: water and then Opti-MEM > Opti-MEM (or 150 mM NaCl)>> water. Several biophysical properties (size and shape of polyplex, surface charge, stability) were examined for their correlation with the level of transfection by the HK carrier. Strikingly, electron micrographs showed that HK polyplexes, first formed in water and then in salt, had a needle-like morphology with a mean length of 170 nm and a width of 53 nm; these needle-like polyplexes were observed intracellularly and absorbed to the cell surface, which was in marked contrast to the spherical HK polyplexes formed in water or in Opti-MEM. Notably, these needle-like HK polyplexes entered the cell through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, in contrast to spherical polyplexes, which entered primarily through non clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Upper Limb Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors with Lymphedema: A Latent Class Analysis and Network Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer survivors (BCS) with lymphedema experience multiple symptoms in upper limbs that significantly impact their quality of life. The complexity of symptomology and the connection among these symptoms are unclear. This study aimed to identify upper limb symptom subgroups and symptom networks among BCS. Methods: This secondary analysis included individuals with lymphedema (defined as an inter-limb circumference difference of ≥ 2 cm) from three cross-sectional studies among post-surgery BCS. Upper limb symptoms were assessed by the Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Symptom Experience Index. Descriptive analysis, latent class analysis, logistic regression analysis, and network analysis were performed. Results: A total of 341 BCS with upper limb lymphedema were included. Swelling, heaviness and tightness were the most prevalent symptoms. Four distinct latent classes were identified: "Severe symptom" group (Class 1: 9.4%), "Movement-limitation and lymph-stasis" group (Class 2: 24.6%), "Lymph-stasis" group (Class 3: 37.5%), and "Low Symptom" group (Class 4: 28.4%). BCS with axillary lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, longer post-surgery duration, and without medical insurance were less likely to belong to the low symptom group (P< 0.001). Symptom network density decreased from Class 1 to 4. Core symptoms for each symptom network were tenderness, firmness, arm-swelling, and heaviness, respectively. Conclusion: This study identified four distinct categories of upper limb symptoms and influencing factors among individuals with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Implications for cancer survivors Our findings suggest the need to consider individualized approaches to symptom management and support for BCRL, taking into account their specific symptom clusters and associated risk factors.
RGB to Spectral Reconstruction via Learned Basis Functions and Weights

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single RGB image hyperspectral reconstruction has seen a boost in performance and research attention with the emergence of CNNs and more availability of RGB/hyperspectral datasets. This work proposes a CNN-based strategy for learning RGB to hyperspectral cube mapping by learning a set of basis functions and weights in a combined manner and using them both to reconstruct the hyperspectral signatures of RGB data. Further to this, an unsupervised learning strategy is also proposed which extends the supervised model with an unsupervised loss function that enables it to learn in an end-to-end fully self supervised manner. The supervised model outperforms a baseline model of the same CNN model architecture and the unsupervised learning model shows promising results. Code will be made available online here.
DIAGNOSTIC AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES FOR THE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF IN-SERVICE BRIDGES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports on the appearance of significant cracking near the supports of older reinforced concrete T-beam bridges in Tasmania. The cracking was first highlighted in 1991 and has subsequently been found to occur in a number of similar bridges. In view of the limited funding available for road works and the potentially high repair or replacement costs, a value management study was undertaken in order to develop a cost-effective strategy for managing the problem. As part of the study, an integrated diagnostic and assessment procedure was developed which can be used to investigate potential defects in bridges and other structural systems, and is described in the paper. The study highlighted the range of crack patterns occurring, with many being consistent with normal behaviour of reinforced concrete in regions of high flexure and shear. The process developed during the study has been used to develop a tentative explanation of the cracking. Further work is being undertaken to confirm the diagnosis. (a) For the covering abstract of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no 861149.
Comparative study of 7 fluorescent pseudomonad clinical isolates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

There is some debate about the potential survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens at temperatures above 37 °C and its consequences for infectious potential, owing to the heterogeneity of clinical strains. Seven clinical strains growing at 37 °C or more were submitted for polyphasic identification; 2 were identified as Pseudomonas mosselii and 4 were precisely characterized as P. fluorescens bv. I or II. The binding indexes on glial cells of the strains identified as P. fluorescens bv. I and P. mosselii were compared with that of a reference psychrotrophic strain, P. fluorescens MF37 (bv. V). Clinical P. fluorescens had a similar adherence potential range than strain MF37. Conversely, the binding indexes for P. mosselii strains were 3 times greater than that for strain MF37. These data, and those obtained by comparing the cytotoxic activities of P. fluorescens clinical strains, suggest the existence of different virulence mechanisms, leading either to a low infectious form or to a microorganism with cytotoxic activity in the same range as that of P. mosselii or even Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
How interpersonal conflicts influence IS‐sourcing decisions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Frameworks on information systems‐sourcing (IS‐sourcing) decisions are frequently based on rational‐choice theory, neglecting such non‐quantifiable aspects as interpersonal conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether such interpersonal conflicts have a determining influence on an organization's IS‐sourcing decision. Design/methodology/approach An illustrative case‐study strategy is applied. Findings The following interpersonal conflicts had a determining influence on an organization's IS‐sourcing decision: tensions between personnel in the IS department and those in the users' departments; lack of capabilities on a personal level; power in and between departments; and face‐saving in the corporate group. Based on these empirical findings, a generic model is developed to illustrate how interpersonal conflicts enmesh with economic, business , and technical factors, and influence IS‐sourcing decisions. Research limitations/implications The generic model enables researchers to study IS‐sourcing decisions better. It enriches previous research on IS‐sourcing decisions and alerts researchers that they need to cope with non‐quantifiable aspects that can have an impact on IS‐sourcing decisions. Practical implications Once managers understand how interpersonal conflicts can influence an organization's IS‐sourcing decision, they can assess their own organizations more accurately and estimate outcomes of particular IS‐sourcing decisions more realistically. Thus, this paper enables organizations to make better IS‐sourcing decisions, thereby – in the long run – helping them to use IS more effectively in their attempts to improve their business performances and competitive advantages. Originality/value This paper extends previous research on IS‐sourcing and fills a gap in traditional frameworks on IS‐sourcing decisions. It illustrates how various types of interpersonal conflicts enmesh with economic, business , and technical factors , and influence IS‐sourcing decisions.