jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Interpretability of SHAP Values Using Large Language Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Model interpretability is crucial for understanding and trusting the decisions made by complex machine learning models, such as those built with XGBoost. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values have become a popular tool for interpreting these models by attributing the output to individual features. However, the technical nature of SHAP explanations often limits their utility to researchers, leaving non-technical end-users struggling to understand the model's behavior. To address this challenge, we explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to translate SHAP value outputs into plain language explanations that are more accessible to non-technical audiences. By applying a pre-trained LLM, we generate explanations that maintain the accuracy of SHAP values while significantly improving their clarity and usability for end users. Our results demonstrate that LLM-enhanced SHAP explanations provide a more intuitive understanding of model predictions, thereby enhancing the overall interpretability of machine learning models. Future work will explore further customization, multimodal explanations, and user feedback mechanisms to refine and expand the approach.
THE RIVER PLANNING BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM (CASE STUDY: UPPER REACHES OF SUNGAI DELI MEDAN, NORTH SUMATERA)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The space orientation of Malay people in Medan, Tanah Deli Sumatera Utara is referred to the waters territorial which known as the river. Thus, Malay society in North Sumatera has the basic character to build villages in living residence which follow the river banks. Based on documentation of Sumatera Office of River Territories (BWSS), floods occurs annually Human behavior is mostly cause this occurrences. This research will reveals the value of local wisdom, that is Malay oral literature using qualitative method with reader interpretation approach (reception) and supports by pragmatic approach. The research shows that there are lack of awareness from the people who lives along the river bank area (DAS) Deli in understanding the mutual relationship (both physically and mentally) between themselves and the river. The understanding of the values of Malay literature as local wisdom, both planning and building the awareness of the people toward DAS Deli can be useful for flood prevention. Those values have dynamic strength toward the people attitudes because each value is natural and sacred. Local wisdom is something strategic because it can be used as identity building which inherent from birth. The emotional bonding of the society with it is very strong and can build confidence and dignity of the society. Keywords: River planning, Local wisdom, and Deli river bank area (DAS)
Growth characteristics and productivity of cold-tolerant Kowinearly Italian ryegrass in the northern part of South Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this research is to evaluate differences in growth characteristics and productivity between Kowinearly and Florida 80 Italian ryegrass varieties in regions with severely cold winters. This research was carried out in Suwon (in central South Korea) and Yonchun (in northern South Korea) during the 2002-2006 growing seasons. Kowinearly is a diploid variety with green leaf colour and a semi-prostrate growth habit in autumn and a semi-erect one in spring. There were differences among the varieties in terms of cold tolerance, heading date, and forage yield in Yonchun. The winter field survival of Kowinearly was 85%, while that of Florida 80 was 43%. The dry matter yield of Kowinearly in Yonchun was 9,662 kg/ha, which was 31% more than that of Florida 80. In Suwon, the heading date of Kowinearly was May 7, which was 2 days later than that of Florida 80. In Yonchun, Kowinearly's heading date was May 12, 1 day earlier than that of Florida 80. These results indicate that Kowinearly has good cold tolerance, and that in spring, it starts growth earlier than Florida 80, because of its higher cold tolerance. Key words: Italian ryegrass, Kowinearly, cold tolerance, new variety, forage crop
[Adaptation of the cardiovascular system to negative gravitation stresses during repeated antiorthostatic measures].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cerebral, pulmonary, liver and peripheral circulation was studied simultaneously in 12 test subjects (aged 24--30) rheographically, photoplethysmographically and rheoplethysmographically; arterial pressure was measured by the Korotkoff method. The measurements were carried out during three antiorthostatic tests at --15degrees for 20 min or --30degrees for 20 min. It was shown that the cardiovascular system can adapt to repeated antiorthostatic exposures. The adaptation includes more significant decrease of the heart rate, increase in the systolic and pulse arterial pressure, fall of the diastolic arterial pressure, more marked reduction of antiorthostatically induced increase of blood filling and congestion of cerebral and pulmonary vessels, lesser decrease of their tone and blood redistribution into the vessels of the liver, upper and lower limbs. From the point of view of the adaptive effect repeated exposures to --15degrees are more effective.
Russulaceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. IV. New species forming a distinct lineage of Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Neotropics have recently emerged as an important region for studies of tropical ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Specific neotropical areas with high ECM host tree densities have ECM fungal diversities rivaling those of higher-latitude forests. Some forests of the Guiana Shield are dominated by endemic ECM trees of the Fabaceae, including species of Dicymbe (subfam. Detarioideae), Aldina (subfam. Papilionoideae), and Pakaraimaea (Cistaceae). One of the most species-rich ECM fungal families present in each of these systems is Russulaceae. Long-term sampling in forests in Guyana’s Pakaraima Mountains has revealed a number of species of the Russulaceae genera Lactarius, Lactifluus, and Russula. In this study, we document a previously unknown, distinct lineage of Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus containing eight species from the Guiana Shield. Here, we describe five of these species from Guyana as new to science: Lactarius humiphilus, Lactarius mycenoides, Lactarius guyanensis, Lactarius dicymbophilus, and Lactarius aurantiolamellatus. Morphological descriptions, habit, habitat, and known distribution are provided for each new species. Sequence data for the barcode internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus are provided for types and most other collections of the new taxa, and a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS, 28S, and RPB2 (second-largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II) loci across the genus Lactarius corroborates their morphology-based infrageneric placement. The discovery of this lineage changes our insights into the biogeography and evolutionary history of Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus.
A Study on the Method for Releasing the Internal Pressure of the Propane Cylinder caused by Liquid Expansion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

현행 액화석유가스의 안전관리 및 사업법의 시행규칙에 의거하면 액화 가스는 용기 체적의 85%까지 충전하도록 되어있다. 이에 상당하는 충전량은 $65^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 내부에 액체의 열팽창을 고려한 수치이다. 하지만 소형 또는 이동이 용이한 용기가 특정 상황에서는 용기 내부 액체의 온도가 $65^{\circ}C$ 미만을 유지한다고 단정 지을 수 없다. 열역학적 관점에서 액 팽창은 용기 재료의 강성만으로 제어하기 어려운 요소이며, 결국 파열 등의 사고를 유발 할 수 있는 잠재적인 위험 요인이 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 밀폐계에서 임계상태 액체 프로판의 열 팽창량을 추정하는 방법과 추정 된 결과를 제시 할 것이며, 내압 변화에 따른 용기의 체적 증가를 유도하는 구조적 요소를 실험적으로 제안할 것이다. 본 논문을 통해 제시된 결과는 향후 액화가스의 압력용기 설계에 있어 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. Liquefied petroleum gas can be charged up to 85% of cylinder volume by enforcement regulations of safety control and business of liquefied petroleum gas act. The charged mass by enforcement regulations is considered by liquid expansion of internal liquefied petroleum gas at $65^{\circ}C$. But the temperature of liquid would not be suspended under $65^{\circ}C$ in a cylinder or portable vessel at certain situation. In the thermodynamics view point, the cylinder can be exposed to high pressure by liquid expansion. Consequently, it can be possible to potential risk such as physical explosion. Hence, this paper will offer a method of estimated internal pressure by liquid expansion at critical state in the closed system. Also, the structural factor which is given rise to volume increasement of cylinder is offered by experiment. This paper is expected as crucial reference for a cylinder design of liquefied petroleum gas.
Sterile Basics: Compounding Sterile Preparations with Cyclodextrins.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Complexation is a powerful therapeutic as well as a pharmaceutical tool. Many categories of medications contain complexes which aid in the solubilization and stabilization of the drugs they contain. Some also contain complexes which are useful for treating poisonings, increasing pharmacological activity, improving drug distribution, and enhancing bioavailability. In this article, we limit our discussion to organic molecular complexes.
Image Deduplication Using Efficient Visual Indexing and Retrieval: Optimizing Storage, Time and Energy for Deep Neural Network Training

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have gained widespread popularity for tasks related to visual processing due to their superior performance and the wealth of images and videos available. Rich concept representation in the training dataset is crucial for the effectiveness of the trained deep neural network model. Often, images of the same object taken from slightly different angles or with minor variations are present, and this redundancy is wasteful as the bandwidth, storage, and processing power are limited. Near duplicate images contribute very little to the effectiveness of the model, and here we propose a novel framework for Visual Indexing and Retrieval-based image Deduplication (VIRD). VIRD effectively eliminates redundant data and maintains information quality in the training corpus through visual indexing and retrieval. VIRD balances the tradeoff between a large deduplication ratio and a stable mAP by adjusting the deduplication threshold for graph-based approximate retrieval of near-duplicate images from given target corpora. The effectiveness of VIRD is validated through extensive experiments on well-known Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) benchmarks. While preserving the same validation mean Average Precision (mAP), VIRD can reduce the corpus size by 25.13%. Moreover , by streamlining the training process, VIRD can lower the energy consumption of DNN training by 27.17%, leading to more practical and sustainable DNN training practices.
New Bulgarian records of fungi associated with glacial relict plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper contributes to knowledge of Bulgarian fungal diversity on glacial relict vascular plants. Eleven new country records of ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi are presented with descriptions, namely Asteromella silvarum, Cainiella johansonii, Gnomoniella vagans, Hendersonia culmicola, Leptosphaerulina dryadis, Melasmia mougeotii, Phaeosphaeria nardi, Pseudomassaria islandica, Septoria macropoda, S. tenella, and Sydowiella dryadis. Microbotryum silenes-acaulis is also an addition to the list reflecting the recent changes in M. violaceum s. lat. New data are included about the distribution of Leptosphaeria doliolum, Nodulosphaeria modesta, Ophiognomonia gei-montani, and Phaeosphaeria juncina, all previously recorded in Bulgaria . In addition, a brief review is presented of previously encountered fungal species on glacial relicts in the country.
Development of bamboo winding composite pipe (BWCP) and its compression properties

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new bio-composite pipe structure named bamboo winding composite pipe (BWCP) was made of bamboo slivers, and its mechanical performance was investigated. Bamboo winding composite pipe that is lightweight and has high strength mechanical properties can be used in water conveyance projects as a green alternative to traditional pipeline materials. Continuous lengths of bamboo slivers were reinforced with resin matrix, which were then fed through a mechanical arch-shaped winder to fabricate the BWCP. The specific ring stiffness of BWCP was comparable to that of fiberglass reinforced plastic pipe (GFRP). The BWCP density was 46.1% to 54.9% lower than that of GFRP. The BWCP exhibited a typical ductile failure and underwent significant deformation before fracture, with the pipe radial deflection at nearly 30%, which is nine times higher than that of brittle fracture failure of GFRP. The interlaminar shearing properties of the BWCP were higher in the structural layer reinforced by bamboo than that of the inner layer made of polyurethane. The BWCP was comparable to most materials used in the pipe industry, exhibiting light weight and high strength.
Influence of chronic exercise on carotid atherosclerosis in marathon runners

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The effect of habitual, high-intensity exercise training on the progression of atherosclerosis is unclear. We assessed indices of vascular health (central systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arterial stiffness as well as carotid intima-medial thickness (cIMT)) in addition to cardiovascular risk factors of trained runners versus their untrained spouses or partners to evaluate the impact of exercise on the development of carotid atherosclerosis. Setting field study at Boston Marathon. Participants 42 qualifiers (mean age±SD: 46±13 years, 21 women) for the 2012 Boston Marathon and their sedentary domestic controls (46±12 years, n=21 women). Outcomes We measured medical and running history, vital signs, anthropometrics, blood lipids, C reactive protein (CRP), 10 years Framingham risk, central arterial stiffness and SBP and cIMT. Results Multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including CRP, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, heart rate, body weight and body mass index (all p<0.05), were reduced in the runners. The left and right cIMT, as well as central SBP, were not different between the two groups (all p>0.31) and were associated with age (all r≥0.41; p<0.01) and Framingham risk score (all r≥0.44; p<0.01) independent of exercise group (all p>0.08 for interactions). The amplification of the central pressure waveform (augmentation pressure at heart rate 75 bpm) was also not different between the two groups (p=0.07) but was related to age (p<0.01) and group (p=0.02) in a multiple linear regression model. Conclusions Habitual endurance exercise improves the cardiovascular risk profile, but does not reduce the magnitude of carotid atherosclerosis associated with age and cardiovascular risk factors.
Effect of incorporating encapsulated and non-encapsulated probiotic cultures on culture survival and cheese quality of gouda cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gouda is a semi-hard, high fat cheese and was investigated here as a food vehicle for probiotic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to incorporate non-microencapsulated and microencapsulated probiotic cultures (L. helveticus and B. longum) into Gouda cheese. Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures. Each batch was evaluated for its chemical, microbial, textural, and also sensorial properties after 3 and 4 months of aging. The experimental Gouda cheeses with the addition of probiotic cultures did not alter the chemical properties of the aged cheese. Furthermore, the final levels of both probiotic strains incorporated were meeting the recommendation level suggested by health organizations which is higher than 107 cfu/g. Moreover, the addition of probiotic strains and maturation time did not alter the texture of the cheese. Overall, the result from the sensory test also did not show any differences.
Three Sentences Are All You Need: Local Path Enhanced Document Relation Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Document-level Relation Extraction (RE) is a more challenging task than sentence RE as it often requires reasoning over multiple sentences. Yet, human annotators usually use a small number of sentences to identify the relationship between a given entity pair. In this paper, we present an embarrassingly simple but effective method to heuristically select evidence sentences for document-level RE, which can be easily combined with BiLSTM to achieve good performance on benchmark datasets, even better than fancy graph neural network based methods. We have released our code at https://github.com/AndrewZhe/Three-Sentences-Are-All-You-Need.
Data from Harmonizing Cell-Free DNA Collection and Processing Practices through Evidence-Based Guidance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is rapidly transitioning from discovery research to an important tool in clinical decision making. However, the lack of harmonization of preanalytic practices across institutions may compromise the reproducibility of cfDNA-derived data and hamper advancements in cfDNA testing in the clinic. Differences in cellular genomic contamination, cfDNA yield, integrity, and fragment length have been attributed to different collection tube types and anticoagulants, processing delays and temperatures, tube agitation, centrifugation protocols and speeds, plasma storage duration and temperature, the number of freeze-thaw events, and cfDNA extraction and quantification methods, all of which can also ultimately impact subsequent downstream analysis. Thus, there is a pressing need for widely applicable standards tailored for cfDNA analysis that include all preanalytic steps from blood draw to analysis. The NCI's Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch has developed cfDNA-specific guidelines that are based upon published evidence and have been vetted by a panel of internationally recognized experts in the field. The guidelines include optimal procedures as well as acceptable alternatives to facilitate the generation of evidence-based protocols by individual laboratories and institutions. The aim of the document, which is entitled “Biospecimen Evidence-based Best Practices for Cell-free DNA: Biospecimen Collection and Processing,” is to improve the accuracy of cfDNA analysis in both basic research and the clinic by improving and harmonizing practices across institutions.</p></div>
Pakistan Development Update, May 2017

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Forecasting Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal & Monetary Policy Poverty Reduction-Achieving Shared Growth Poverty Reduction-Employment and Shared Growth Poverty Reduction-Inequality
Bioremediation Application for Textile Effluent Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Enormous volumes of effluent containing hazardous compounds are generated during textile dyeing and finishing processes. It is well known that many dyes are made from known carcinogens as benzidine. Thus the colored effluent if discharge without treatment pose a potential threat to human and wildlife. Moreover, it also affects the aesthetics, water transparency and gas solubility in receiving water. Therefore, the treatment of dyes in wastewater has become a matter of great concern. In recent years, efforts have been made to find the sustainable technique for the degradation of organic pollutant. Because of the recalcitrant nature of synthetic dyes, conventional biological treatment processes proved to be inefficient. But, some new studies have shown that many specific microorganisms are capable to remove or degrade several organic pollutants including dyes. However, the application of bioremediation for the treatment of toxic organics in aquatic environment has been limited. In this review, importance of microorganisms and the essential factors involved in textile effluent treatment using the biological treatment process is discussed and the areas in need of further investigation will be identified. The study may be valuable to scientists and engineers who are trying to develop methods for the treatment of toxic organics using bio mechanical system.
The pharmacological management of migraine, part 2: preventative therapy.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Migraine, its pathophysiology, and abortive (acute) pharmacotherapy were described in Part 1 of this two-part series in the July issue of P&T. Part 2 discusses the role of preventative (prophylactic) pharmacotherapy and the role of migraine treatments in special populations. It also provides an overview and guideline summary for general treatment pathways for the pharmacotherapy of migraine.
Pachydermodactyly: A Variant of the True Knuckle Pad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

A fit, red-haired, 19-year-old man was referred to me by a general physician because of a two-year history of asymptomatic swelling around the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. He had no family history of similar trouble. The hemoglobin value, complete blood cell count, sedimentation rate, and x-ray films of the chest, hands, and skull were normal. Complete general examination showed no abnormality apart from diffuse swelling over the dorsal aspect and sides of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, and ring fingers (Figure). The affected skin was freely mobile, and the thumbs and toes were normal. A skin biopsy specimen from the medial side of the left middle finger near to the proximal interphalangeal joint showed hyperkeratosis and acanthosis overlying a dermis containing increased amounts of fibrous tissue (T.W. Stewart, MB, performed the histologic studies). True knuckle pads are rare, well-defined lesions of unknown
Intestinal Transport of Amino Acids and Sugars: Advances Using Membrane Vesicles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glucose crosses the intestinal brush border via one diffusive and two saturable systems. Under zero-trans conditions, the major saturable system has the characteristics of an Iso Ordered Bireactant system with one Na binding and, additionally, shows the properties of trans inhibition by Na and sensitivity to Em. An additional high-affinity saturable system exists with a Kt in the micromolar range and has the capacity for binding multiple Na+ ions. Biochemical and transport studies indicate that the brush-border Na-glucose cotransporter may be asymmetric with respect to the inner and outer membrane face. The Na-independent glucose carrier found in enterocyte basolateral membranes strongly resembles the facilitated glucose carrier found in other membranes.
Exposing and Reframing Welfare Dependency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Defining the phrase welfare dependency from a feminist perspective offers a way to understand how the rhetoric around the use of this phrase continues to legitimize current changes in Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) while simultaneously diverting the public's attention from the real issues of poverty of and discrimination against women. This article includes a detailed definition of welfare dependency, a brief history of its usage, and a reconceptualization of women's use of AFDC on a long-term basis. This reconceptualization expands on international dependency theory and reframes dependency as interdependency that builds on women's strengths, women's rights, and women's role in the public and private spheres. Specifically, it calls for a research and practice focus on understanding the daily lives of individuals and groups of women who receive AFDC on a long-term basis in an effort to understand women's strengths, situations, and needs.