jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the genetic and productive characteristics of autochthonous Sarda goat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Goat farming plays, in Sardinia, a key role for local economy, especially in those areas where for environmental conditions it is not possible to rear other animals. While in the lowlands and hills there are several intensive farms in which cosmopolitan breed are reared, in mountainous areas the extensive rearing system is the most spread, and the native breed, the Sarda, is present.<br/> \nGoat products are mainly related to dairy productions, while there is only one meat product, represented by the suckling goat kids. The growing global market and the loss of economic power for these products could be prevented through the introduction, for example, of a trademark of designation of origin. In order to do this, the best knowledge about the health status of animals, milk traits, its hygienic and coagulation properties and meat characteristics is needed. This should help for preservation of an interesting biodiversity heritage and for a traditional rearing system that, without the proper valorisation, is going to disappear.<br/> \nIn this scenario, this PhD work had been set up in order to investigate goat kidsâ meat and goat milk characteristics and provide more information about these goat products. \nFour papers are included in this Thesis, 2 concerning Sarda goat kidsâ meat properties and the effects of a milk replacer on slaughtering performances, and 2 regarding Sarda goat milk traits, their association with genetic and the polymorphisms at the CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2 and CSN3 gene loci. \n
Eye Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Models with Transfer Learning Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic Retinopathy, Cataract and Glaucoma are the major eye diseases posing significant diagnostic challenges due to their asymptotic nature at their early stages. These diseases if not detected and diagnosed at their early stages may lead to severe visual impairment and even can cause blindness in human beings. Early detection of eye diseases showed an exceptional recovery rate. Traditional diagnostic methods primarily relying on expertise in the field of ophthalmology involve a time-consuming process. With technological advancements in the field of imaging techniques, a large volume of medical images have been created which can be utilized for developing more accurate diagnostic tools in the field. Deep learning (DL) models are playing a significant role in analyzing medical images. DL algorithms can automatically learn the features which indicate eye diseases from eye image datasets. Training DL models, however, requires a significant amount of data and computational resources. To overcome this, we use advanced deep learning algorithms combined with transfer-learning techniques. Leveraging the power of deep learning, we aim to develop sophisticated models that can distinguish different eye diseases in medical image data. OBJECTIVES: To improve the accuracy and efficiency of early detection methods, improve diagnostic precision, and intervene in these challenging ocular conditions in a timely manner. METHODS: The well-known Deep Learning architectures VGG19, InceptionV3 and ResNet50 architectures with transfer learning were evaluated and the results are compared. RESULTS: VGG19, InceptionV3 and ResNet50 architectures with transfer learning achieved 90.33%, 89.8% and 99.94% accuracies, respectively. The precision, recall, and F1 scores for VGG19 were recorded as 79.17%, 79.17%, and 78.21%, while InceptionV3 showed 82.56%, 82.38%, and 82.11% and ResNet50 has 96.28%, 96.2%, and 96.24%. CONCLUSION: The Convolutional Neural Network models VGG19, Inception v3, ResNet50 combined with transfer learning achieve better results than the original Convolutional Neural Network models.
The Biological Encounter: Disease and the Ideological Domain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

T HE GENERALLY UNTROUBLED INITIAL YEARS of contact between whites and Indians were undoubtedly marked by mutual appraisal, measured speculation, political forecasts, and economic projections. Standing in the shadows, however, during what must have been exhilarating times, was disaster: European-introduced disease. As one of a number of concerns that accompanied the largely economic thrust of the encounter, this was the most insidious and most destructive to native people. It is not as if American Indians had no experience with illness and debilitation. Despite the not-infrequent descriptions by early European observers of robust, well-formed, and comely Indian men, women, and children, there were any number of chronic and uncomfortable maladies that affected their well-being (Van der Donck 1968:72-73; Hall 1910:86; Heckewelder 1876:220-221). Much before the historic period, a shift in subsistence from generalized hunting and gathering to maize-based horticulture had occurred. With farming came increased sedentism and population densities, a less balanced diet, and seasonal food shortage risks that often resulted in chronic, although low levels of malnutrition and low-grade infections (Wilkinson et al. 1984; Cohen and Armelagos 1984). Over the centuries, however, Indians had formed their own theories of disease and devised their own ways of treating its symptoms. At the same time, they were able to attend to a whole range of injuries sustained in the routine of everyday life and the trials of warfare (Sagard 1939:192-204; Penn 1912:233; Gehring and Starna 1988:10, 17-18; Heckewelder 1876:224-227). What is true is that Indians did not suffer from so-called crowdtype infections, such as smallpox and measles, until these were carried in by the Europeans. Nevertheless, neither were Indians diseasefree. According to anthropologist Marshall Newman (1976:669), aboriginal New World diseases included many that can be traced to the primate ancestry of all humans and had either accompanied the
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cordyceps, Related to Hepatoportal Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We describe a case of hepatoportal sclerosis (HPS) identified in an 81-year-old woman taking a traditional Chinese herbal supplementation, Cordyceps . The patient presented with splenomegaly and weight loss. After an extensive evaluation, liver biopsy confirmed loss of the small portal veins with characteristics of obstruction at the level of the small and large portal veins, suggestive of HPS. After a comprehensive history and exclusion of other etiological factors, patient's HPS was attributed to Cordyceps use. Ultimately, the patient's features of HPS improved with the cessation of Cordyceps .
Household Active Power Consumption Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset is part of the Monash, UEA & UCR time series regression repository. http://tseregression.org/ The goal of this dataset is to predict total active power consumption in a household. This dataset contains 1440 time series obtained from the Individual household electric power consumption dataset from the UCI repository. The time series has 5 dimensions. This includes measurements for voltage, current annd 3 sub-metering energy usage.
Please refer to https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Individual+household+electric+power+consumption for more details

Source
Georges Hebrail (georges.hebrail '@' edf.fr), Senior Researcher, EDF R&D, Clamart, France
Alice Berard, TELECOM ParisTech Master of Engineering Internship at EDF R&D, Clamart, France
Optimal placement of trailing-edge flaps for helicopter vibration reduction using response surface methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to determine optimal locations of dual trailing-edge flaps to achieve minimum hub vibration levels in a helicopter, while incurring low penalty in terms of required trailing-edge flap control power. An aeroelastic analysis based on finite elements in space and time is used in conjunction with an optimal control algorithm to determine the flap time history for vibration minimization. The reduced hub vibration levels and required flap control power (due to flap motion) are the two objectives considered in this study and the flap locations along the blade are the design variables. It is found that second order polynomial response surfaces based on the central composite design of the theory of design of experiments describe both objectives adequately. Numerical studies for a four-bladed hingeless rotor show that both objectives are more sensitive to outboard flap location compared to the inboard flap location by an order of magnitude. Optimization results show a disjoint Pareto surface between the two objectives. Two interesting design points are obtained. The first design gives 77 percent vibration reduction from baseline conditions (no flap motion) with a 7 percent increase in flap power compared to the initial design. The second design yields 70 percent reduction in hub vibration with a 27 percent reduction in flap power from the initial design.
Proximal embolic protection devices for high risk lesions/patients in "TARGET-CAS" registry of 1717 consecutive carotid artery stenting procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To compare 30-day and long-term safety of carotid artery stenting (CAS) performed according to the tailored-CAS algorithm with the use of proximal or distal embolic protection devices (EPD). Methods: Since 2001 we performed 1717 CAS procedures in 1549 patients (age 38-86 years, mean 67.1±8.6 years, 50.1% symptomatic) according to the tailored-CAS algorithm that included extracranial ultrasound and CT angiography to select the most appropriate EPD and stent type. Proximal EPD and closed-cell stents were preferentially used for high-risk lesions (HR - soft/thrombus-containing/tight/ulcerated, 39.3% of all lesions) and in symptomatic patients. Results: In proximal EPD group (618 CAS) Doppler velocities (PSV 3.9±1.2, EDV 1.6±0.6 m/s) and stenosis rate (85.6±10.7%) were significantly higher than in distal EPD group (1099 CAS, PSV 3.3±1.2 m/s, EDV 1.1±0.4m/s, 80.2%±10.1; p<0.001 for all). Similarly, proportion of HR was higher in proximal EPD group (92.1% vs. 9.7% for distal EPD group, p<0.001). Death, disabling stroke, any stroke rate were similar in both groups – 0.48%, 0.3%, 1.29% in proximal EPD and 1.0%, 0%, 1.36% in distal EPD group, p>0.05 for all). In long-term follow-up (4.6±2.8y) there were no differences in stroke/death rate. Conclusions: Proximal EPD use for high-risk lesion/patient is equally safe as distal EPD use for standard-risk lesion/patient during CAS.
Head Start Centers Can Influence Healthy Behaviors: Evaluation of a Nutrition and Physical Activity Educational Intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Because healthy habits are established early in life, it is important to teach young children about foods that contribute to a healthy diet. One of the strategies recommended by the 2015‐2020 Dietary Guidelines is to implement educational programs in community settings such as child care and preschool settings. Head Start is one such educational child care setting that serves young children ages 3 to 5 years old. METHODS A community partnership was established between Jackson County Civic Action Agency and supported by the Mississippi Gulf Coast Youth Health Coalition's Childhood Obesity Initiative. A quasi‐experimental nonequivalent 2‐group pre/post‐test study design was utilized to determine the effectiveness of a 12‐week physical activity and nutrition education program delivered in a Head Start setting. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in fruit ( F = 5.602, df = 1, p = .018) and vegetable ( F = 16.061, df = 1, p < .001) recognition scores, and the number of “tried and liked” fruits ( F = 5.579, df = 1, p = .019) and vegetables ( F = 88.559, df = 1, p < .001) between children in the control group (n = 86) and intervention group (n = 303) when controlling for scores at baseline. CONCLUSION Utilizing the Head Start program as a setting for health education program delivery is one available strategy to combat childhood obesity on a community level.
Forams at 4am: Genome Dynamics, Nuclear Structure, and Synchronicity within Foraminifera

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Foraminifera (forams) are a clade of shelled amoebae with complex life cycles yet largely understudied genome dynamics. They are key players in nutrient cycling and have high levels of genetic diversity. More recently, forams are being studied for their complex life cycles and genome dynamics. I refined protocols to culture a single-chambered foram, Allogromia laticollaris CSH. Using both cultures in flasks and isolated single cells, as well as working collaboratively with a group of students that I mentored, I documented the life cycle of the Allogromia using brightfield microscopy and found support for synchrony in life cycle stages. Simultaneously, I developed methods to stain the DNA and RNA of these cells, along with piloting fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. Viewing the stained nuclei under a laser scanning confocal microscope, I captured high resolution images of A. laticorallis’s nuclear architecture and found a common pattern of nuclei with an outer ring of heterochromatin and a DNA-poor center, often with condensed chromosomes. Combining these observations with the few past papers on this taxon, I conclude that Allogromia laticollaris CSH display an alternation of generations with variation in nuclear number, ploidy level, and nuclear architecture within and between these generations. These nuclear and underlying genome dynamics have implications for understanding eukaryotic genome dynamics more broadly.
Enhancing Food Security Through Sustainable Agriculture: Investigating the Allelopathic Effects of Sorghum on Weed Management in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allelopathy can be a viable approach to address the issues of environmental degradation by reducing the use of herbicides and herbicide-resistant weeds. Allelopathic crop residues have a lot of potential for improving soil quality and suppressing weed growth. A field experiment at an agronomic research farm, Lovely Professional University in Phagwara, Punjab, examined the effects of water extracts and crop residues from sorghum on the population of weeds, indices of weed management, and the productivity of field peas. The experiment during the year 2022-2023 comprised in randomized block design with 2 levels of Sorghum water extract (1:10, 1:20 w/v), 3 levels of Sorghum stalk soil incorporation @ 2, 4, 6 Mg.ha-1, Sorghum surface mulching at 10tonnes ha-1, Field pea and rabi sorghum intercropping at 2:1, Weedy check and hand weeding. The findings showed that the sorghum surface mulching, addition of sorghum water extract, and sorghum stalk incorporation significantly altered the dynamics of weeds which was comparable with hand weeding. In the case of weed density (9.17 no.m-2), weed fresh (7.66g), and dry weight (3.0g) hand weeding gave the best result which was followed by sorghum surface mulching with 10.77 weeds no.m-2, 10.11 g weed fresh weight and 4.26gm weed dry weight. The highest weed control efficiency (80.9%) was recorded in hand weeding which was followed by sorghum water extract (1:10) and sorghum stalk incorporation (4 Mg.ha-1). The weed management index, weed persistence index, and agronomic management index showed an inverse relationship with weed control efficiency. Hand weeding (20, 40, 60 DAS) gave the highest grain yield (2897 kg.ha-1) of field pea followed by Sorghum surface mulching. Yield attributes were calculated which prescribed that all the treatments significantly reduced the weed infestation and increased the yield attributes over a weedy check. Hand weeding gave the best result, but it is not economical due to the intensive labor requirement. Initiating sustainable weed control and significantly improving the nutrient content of field peas can be achieved through sorghum surface mulching, sorghum stalk incorporation at 4 Mg.ha-1, and sorghum water extract (1:10). These practices can contribute to environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture.
Classification for Market Segmentation: An Improved Linear Model for Solving Problems of Arbitrary Origin

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A current problem in marketing research involves the use of scale measures of consumer characteristics to develop homogeneous classifications of consumers. The quality of these classification efforts is influenced by the nature of the scales, which are frequently characterized by arbitrary origin and variance. This paper draws on recent developments in classification methodology to propose and illustrate an integrative classification methodology which overcomes some of the current problems of classification approaches.
Exploring a Test Data-Driven Method for Selecting and Constraining Metamorphic Relations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying and selecting high-quality Metamorphic Relations (MRs) is a challenge in Metamorphic Testing (MT). While some techniques for automatically selecting MRs have been proposed, they are either domain-specific or rely on strict assumptions about the applicability of a pre-defined MRs. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of MetaTrimmer, a method for selecting and constraining MRs based on test data. MetaTrimmer comprises three steps: generating random test data inputs for the SUT (Step 1), performing test data transformations and logging MR violations (Step 2), and conducting manual inspections to derive constraints (Step 3). The novelty of MetaTrimmer is its avoidance of complex prediction models that require labeled datasets regarding the applicability of MRs. Moreover, MetaTrimmer facilitates the seamless integration of MT with advanced fuzzing for test data generation. In a preliminary evaluation, MetaTrimmer shows the potential to overcome existing limitations and enhance MR effectiveness.
Comparative Validity of Two Wais—R Short Forms with Vocational Rehabilitation Clients

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Scores from two (Vocabulary, Block Design) and four (Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Block Design, and Picture Arrangement) subtest short forms of the WAIS—R were compared with the Full Scale IQs for vocational rehabilitation clients, 305 mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, and physically handicapped subjects. Some large differences between mean IQs, some low correlations between IQs once corrected for spuriousness, and high misclassification rates suggest caution in using the short-form IQs. Use of the Full Scale IQ for screening vocational rehabilitation clients is recommended.
Human plasminogen. Proton NMR studies on kringle 1.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasminogen contains five homologous domains ("kringles") of M, about 10,000 each that are responsible for its attachment to blood clots.Of these, kringle 1 (Kl) has been shown to contain a high affinity lysinebinding site.The K1 fragment of human plasminogen has been studied by 'H NMR spectroscopy at 300 MHz and 600 MHz.Some methyls resonate between -1 ppm and +I ppm and an exchangeable proton signal appears at low field near +12 ppm.These highly shifted resonances, as well as the overall spectral pattern, are indicative of a folded conformation for K1.The effect of binding of antifibrinolytics to the lysine-binding site was investigated using p-benzylaminesulfonic acid (BASA) as a ligand.At 25 "C the K1 resonances are relatively broad.BASA binding induces sharpening of protein signals which points to a gain in flexibility in regions of the molecule.Titration with ligand can be readily monitored as it results in monotonic displacements of many aromatic and ring current-shifted methyl resonances.This indicates fast ligand exchange between solution-free and protein-bound states, and enables us to derive K, = 145 mM" for the Kl-BASA association constant.The concerted response of aromatic and high field-shifted methyl signals to BASA additions suggests that the lysine-binding site is structured by a group of closely interacting hydrophobic side chains, mostly of aromatic character.High temperature causes an overall narrowing of resonances and leads to exchange of His imidazole H2 atoms which allows for identification of most aromatic signals of the Kl-BASA complex in terms of the amino acid composition.In the complex, the protein unfolds at temperatures above 75 "C and mostly refolds upon cooling.Plasminogen is a blood plasma glycoprotein of M , about 92,000.Plasmin, the active form of the enzyme, is a serine protease with high specificity toward fibrin (1, 2).Physiologically, it incorporates into blood clots as the zymogen, but only upon activation can it perform its fibrinolytic role, a process that is highly regulated (2-4).Clearly, a primary step in fibrinolysis is the anchoring of
The Archaeology of Enteric Infection: Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, and Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Enteric illness has probably afflicted Homo sapiens since the origin of our species. Indeed, diarrhea is nearly ubiquitous among mammalian species, the result of convergent and divergent evolution by a wide variety of viral, parasitic, and bacterial agents. Tracing the phylogenetic history of pathogens is more than an academic exercise: diarrheal diseases have mounted devastating assaults on human populations throughout history, making the stories of these diseases inseparable from our own. In an earlier volume on the same subject, Ewald (1998) speculated that epidemic diarrhea may have been responsible for the collapse of more than one primitive civilization. Diarrheal outbreaks have also figured prominently in human migrations and have influenced countless wars. Thus knowing which pathogens were present in a population at a given time can enrich our understanding of human history.