jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Threshold density of <i>Echinocloa crusgalli (L)</i> Beauv. in rice weed competition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
The Arabidopsis ATK1 gene is required for spindle morphogenesis in male meiosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The spindle plays a central role in chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In particular, various kinesins are thought to play crucial roles in spindle structure and function in both mitosis and meiosis of fungi and animals. A group of putative kinesins has been previously identified in Arabidopsis, called ATK1-ATK4 (previously known as KATA-KATD), but their in vivo functions have not been tested with genetic studies. We report here the isolation and characterization of a mutant, atk1-1, which has a defective ATK1 gene. The atk1-1 mutant was identified in a collection of Ds transposon insertion lines by its reduced fertility. Reciprocal crosses between the atk1-1 mutant and wild type showed that only male fertility was reduced, not female fertility. Molecular analyses, including revertant studies, indicated that the Ds insertion in the ATK1 gene was responsible for the fertility defect. Light microscopy revealed that, in the atk1-1 mutant, male meiosis was defective, producing an abnormal number of microspores of variable sizes. Further cytological studies indicated that meiotic chromosome segregation and spindle organization were both abnormal in the mutant. Specifically, the atk1-1 mutant male meiotic cells had spindles that were broad, unfocused and multi-axial at the poles at metaphase I, unlike the typical fusiform bipolar spindle found in the wild-type metaphase I cells. Therefore, the ATK1 gene plays a crucial role in spindle morphogenesis in male Arabidopsis meiosis.
Not Much Ado about Mollusks

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the ways mollusks were differentially integrated into plantation foodways practices at Betty’s Hope. The focus on mollusk data is significant because it is frequently overlooked in historical zooarchaeology and was the animal taxon that demonstrated the most dramatic difference in use along the race- and class-based divisions of those who lived and worked at Betty’s Hope. In this case, mollusks were least abundant in the Great House, while the faunal assemblage associated with enslaved African contexts were almost entirely comprised of mollusk material.
The Simplicity of M. Natsir's Life: Character Education Values in the History of an Indonesian National Hero

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The glamorous lifestyle of several top officials' families often attracts sharp public attention. This condition is very different from the previous national heroes who fought and provided examples to society when they became public officials. Therefore, this research explored the simplicity of the life of M. Natsir, an Indonesian national hero, by analyzing the values of character education reflected in the simplicity of his life. This research uses qualitative-descriptive methods and historical analysis, with data from various primary and secondary sources, including M. Natsir's biography, speeches and writings. The data was collected using a heuristic method, followed by a verification and interpretation process. Research findings show that the values of character education are manifested in M. Natsir's life, such as not being extravagant, rejecting gratification, and living as he is. These values can be seen in the way they dress, where they live and their lifestyle. These values are relevant in the current context of character education. This research concludes that the simplicity of M. Natsir's life has significant implications as an inspiration for Indonesia's young generation in building strong character and integrity. Apart from that, this research also emphasizes the importance of including the noble values of historical figures in the national education curriculum as an effort to form a nation with character.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Igneous Sills in the Central Tarim Basin and Their Geological Implications

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Interpretation of the seismic reflection profiles associated with borehole data from the petroleum industry offers a novel way to study sill emplacement in sedimentary basins. This study uses this approach to reveal the intrusive part of the Tarim Large Igneous Province (LIP) within the basin, which has not been systematically reported. A large number of igneous intrusions (sills) are identified in the sedimentary layers of the Central Tarim Basin. The burial depth of the sills is 6–8 km, and they are mainly located within the upper Ordovician strata. According to their seismic facies and drilling data, it is inferred that they are dolerite sills. Based on the uplift of the overlying strata above the intrusions, it is concluded that the sills were mainly formed during the depositional period of the middle Permian Kupukuziman Formation and Kaipailezike Formation (early stage), with a few formed during the depositional period of the upper Permian strata (late stage). It is likely that these two stages of sill intrusion correspond to the main basaltic eruptions within the basin and the mafic dike emplacement in the Bachu area of the Tarim LIP, respectively. The study suggests that that the dolerite sills reported in this study are also an important component of the Permian Tarim LIP.
Formation and sustenance mechanism of bacterial diversity in nutrient-deficient environment of indoor stadium

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Bacterial diversity has been found in indoor stadiums which can be considered as a specific nutrient-deficient environment (NDE), it remains a mystery and opens to new ideas why the bacterial diversity can be formed and maintained in NDE of indoor stadiums, since it is obvious to violate the famous competitive exclusion principle (CEP) in ecology. In the article, five most common genera, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium, Sphingobacterium, Chryseobacterium in indoor stadiums were selected and periodically sampled to supervise the dynamic characteristics of bacterial community. Based on quorum sensing (QS) and non-monotonic interspecific interaction (NMII) in combination with microbial ecology, clustering analysis and experimental observation, a new hypothesis was put forward to elucidate QS with NMII of substrate location information (SLI) mechanism driving bacterial community succession with high diversity in NDE of indoor stadium. A valid cellular automation (CA) model was derived from assumptions directly, and the CA simulation sufficiently proved that as a cell conducted either intraspecific and interspecific competition without SLI broadcasting and intraspecific and interspecific cooperation with SLI broadcasting, which were totally dependent on the number and type of cells occupying on its eight nearest neighboring grids, and could effectively weaken interspecific competition to form and sustain the bacterial diversity during bacterial community succession in NDE of indoor stadium. The CA simulation results proved that the proposed hypothesis can shed light on the underlying succession mechanism of bacterial community in NDE, and adequately explain observed phenomena and data. The finding of study offered a new insight on how bacterial diversity was formed and sustained in NDE of indoor stadium, and the succession mechanism confirmed by CA simulation can set up a theoretical framework for comprehensive apprehension about ecological effect of QS with NMII of SLI sharing on formation and sustenance of bacterial diversity in NDE of indoor stadium.
Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Stress-Related Appraisals, and Dancers’ Cortisol and Anxiety Responses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) posits basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) as essential for optimal functioning and health. Grounded in this framework, the current study examined the role of BPNS in dancers’ cognitive appraisals and hormonal and emotional responses to performance stress. Dancers reported their degree of BPNS 1 month before a solo performance. Threat and challenge appraisals of the solo were recorded 2 hr before the performance. Salivary cortisol and anxiety were measured 15 min before, and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postperformance. Higher BPNS was associated with lower cortisol responses and anxiety intensity. Challenge appraisals mediated the association between BPNS and cortisol. Threat appraisals mediated the BPNS–anxiety intensity relationship. These findings point to the potential importance of performers’ BPNS for optimal emotional and hormonal homeostasis in performance conditions.
Set up of analytical methods for evaluation of specifications of recombinant Hepatitis-B vaccine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

"nBackground: Hepatitis B vaccination has been included in routine immunization of all individuals according to WHO recommendations since 1991. Despite successful coverage, 3-5% of recipients fail to mount a desirable protection level of Ab. Vaccine failure results from: emergence of mutation, immune failure of individuals, decrease in vaccine potency, and etc. The quality of Hepatitis B vaccine should be evaluated by a reliable method. "n"nMethods: The amount of vaccine antigen was measured through the in vitro assay of Hepatitis B vaccines which consists of multiple dilutions of the reference material and samples. The preparations were evaluated by Elisa to determine the amount of HBsAg. The data were analyzed by parallel-line analysis software. The in vivo assay was performed by inoculating multiple doses of the reference and sample preparations in Balb/c mice. A control group was also inoculated with vaccine matrix. Four weeks later, the mice sera were evaluated to determine the presence of antibodies against Hepatitis B by Elisa method. The data were analyzed by Probit analysis software. "n"nResults: Both methods were set up in our laboratory by which different batches of Hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated. It was observed that In vivo and In vitro methods provide comparable results. Therefore we can use the in vitro method for routine testing of HB vaccine quality control. "n"nConclusion: In vitro method can be used in place of In vivo method because of its time and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, since no animals are used in in vitro method, it complies well with the 3R concept (Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement of animal testing) and the current tendency to use alternative method.
Pla2g5 contributes to viral-induced lung inflammation through macrophage proliferation and LA/Ffar1 lung cell recruitment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macrophages expressing group V phospholipase A (Pla2g5) release the Free fatty acid (FFA) linoleic acid (LA), potentiating lung type 2 inflammation. Although Pla2g5 and LA increase in viral infections, their role remains obscure. We generated Pla2g5 mice, deleted Pla2g5 by using the Cx3Cr1 transgene, and activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-Macs) with Poly:IC, a synthetic double-stranded RNA that triggers a viral-like immune response, Poly:IC+LA, and known Pla2g5-dependent stimuli (IL-4, LPS+IFNg and IL-33+IL-4+GM-CSF) followed by lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis. In absence of Pla2g5 , PolyI: IC-activated BM-Macs had a reduction of major bioactive lipids and critical enzymes producing those bioactive lipids. Additionally, AKT phosphorylation was reduced in Poly:IC stimulated BM-Macs lacking Pla2g5, which was not restored by adding LA to Poly:IC. Furthermore, Pla2g5 ; Cx3cr1 mice had diminished Poly:IC-induced lung inflammation, including inflammatory macrophage proliferation; adding LA to Poly:IC partially restored lung inflammation. Additionally, mice lacking FFA receptor-1, ( Ffar1 )-null mice had reduced Poly: IC-induced lung cell recruitment, not corrected by LA. Thus, Pla2g5 contributes to Poly: IC-induced lung inflammation by regulating inflammatory macrophage proliferation and LA/Ffar1 lung cell recruitment.
[Effect and regulation mechanism of Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions on endometrial receptivity].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endometrial receptivity refers to the ability of endometrium to accept and accommodate endometrial implantation in the process of embryo implantation in implantation window period. It is an important factor affecting the rate of blastocyst implantation in assisted reproduction. It is worth mentioning that ovulation-promoting drugs in current assisted reproduction technology could reduce endometrial receptivity and inhibit blastocyst implantation, greatly affecting the success rate of assisted reproduction. By searching Chinese Scientific Citation Database, it was found that 121 studies from 2006 to 2017 showed that Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions could significantly improve the development of pinopodes in the implantation window, promote the expression of endometrial receptors ER, PR, integrinβ3, LIF, LPA3 and other molecules, and thus enhancing endometrial receptivity and improving embryo implantation. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, kidney deficiency is an important factor causing infertility. Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions could nourish the kidney-essence, and promote blood circulation, playing an important role in treating infertility with combined application of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. These studies suggest that Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions could improve endometrial receptivity, and their mechanisms are worth further investigation. This article has summarized the research progress of Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions in the field of assisted reproduction, summarized the deficiency of current researches, and preliminarily discussed the potential application prospect of Chinese Bushen Huoxue prescriptions in the treatment of infertility.
Breaking bad news

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter considers all the patient's symptoms and all the information available to doctors and assesses the symptoms, signs and information given using this to choose the appropriate remedies for the problem, and offers extra information where available and appropriate. Giving a patient the news of a terminal illness, a poor prognosis, or telling them that they have cancer is never easy. It does not get any easier with time and experience. Avoid giving bad news and then immediately starting to talk in detail about 'treatment', as this just causes confusion. The term 'treatment' implies hope of a cure. A number of methods have been suggested for breaking bad news. One of these is the 'SPIKES' model suggested by Beale et al. This model uses a six-step approach: setting up the interview; patient's perception; invite the patient to discuss their situation with doctors; knowledge and information given to the patient; emotional assessment and summary and strategy.
Temperature dependence of phonon-induced current noise in micrometer-long metallic carbon nanotubes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We theoretically investigate the temperature dependence of phonon-induced current noise in micrometer-long metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes using large-scale time-dependent quantum transport simulations. We find that both the average current and its variance exhibit power-law dependencies on temperature in the high-temperature diffusive regime: 〈 J K 〉 ∝ 1/ T and 〈 Δ J K 2 〉 ∝ 1 / T 2 , respectively. The observed 1/ T 2 behavior of the current variance stands in stark contrast to the equilibrium Johnson–Nyquist noise, which increases linearly with temperature. Furthermore, we show that the current variance follows a universal scaling law as a function of the normalized channel length L / L 0 , where L 0 denotes the phonon-limited mean free path. This behavior is quantitatively explained by a Gamma-distributed probability density function for the current, combined with a phenomenological model for electronic transport incorporating dephasing effects due to electron–phonon scattering.
Comment on egusphere-2022-412

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Quantifying continental-scale river discharge is essential to understanding the terrestrial water cycle but is susceptible to errors caused by a lack of observations and the limitations of hydrodynamic modeling. Data assimilation (DA) methods are increasingly used to estimate river discharge in combination with emerging river-related remote sensing products (e.g., water surface elevation [WSE], water surface slope, river width, and flood extent). However, directly comparing simulated WSE to satellite altimetry data remains challenging (e.g., because of large biases between simulations and observations or uncertainties in parameters), and large errors can be introduced when satellite observations are assimilated into hydrodynamic models. In this study we performed direct, anomaly, and normalized value assimilation experiments to investigate the capacity of DA to improve river discharge within the current limitations of hydrodynamic modeling. We performed hydrological DA using a physically-based empirical localization method applied to the Amazon Basin. We used satellite altimetry data from ENVISAT, Jason 1, and Jason 2. Direct DA was the baseline assimilation method and was subject to errors due to biases in the simulated WSE. To overcome these errors, we used anomaly DA as an alternative to direct DA. We found that the modeled and observed WSE distributions differed considerably (e.g., differences in amplitude, seasonal flow variation, and a skewed distribution due to limitations of the hydrodynamic models). Therefore, normalized value DA was performed to improve discharge estimation. River discharge estimates were improved at 24 %, 38 %, and 62 % of stream gauges in the direct, anomaly, and normalized value assimilations relative to simulations without DA. Normalized value assimilation performed best for estimating river discharge given the current limitations of hydrodynamic models. Most gauges within the river reaches covered by satellite observations accurately estimated river discharge, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) > 0.6. The amplitudes of WSE variation were improved in the normalized DA experiment. Furthermore, in the Amazon Basin, normalized assimilation (median NSE = 0.50) improved river discharge estimation compared to open-loop simulation with the global hydrodynamic model (median NSE = 0.42). River discharge estimation using direct DA methods was improved by 7 % with calibration of river bathymetry based on NSE. The direct DA approach outperformed the other DA approaches when runoff was considerably biased, but anomaly DA performed best when the river bathymetry was erroneous. The uncertainties in hydrodynamic modeling (e.g., river bottom elevation, river width, simplified floodplain dynamics, and the rectangular cross-section assumption) should be improved to fully realize the advantages of river discharge DA through the assimilation of satellite altimetry. This study contributes to the development of a global river discharge reanalysis product that is consistent spatially and temporally.
Lack of Deleterious Interaction Between Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and β-Blockers in the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Valsartan-Heart Failure trial formulated the hypothesis that combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers with an angiotensin-receptor blocker had a deleterious interaction. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved heart failure indication for valsartan included the statement that concomitant use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a β-blocker was not recommended. The Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM)-Added and the VALsartan In Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) provide reassuring evidence to support concomitant use of angiotensin-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and β-blockers. The FDA-approved heart failure indication for candesartan included the statement of additive benefits with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers and led to a change in the valsartan label. These considerations have great clinical and public health importance given the increasing numbers of patients with heart failure, their high morbidity and mortality, and the relatively limited number of effective drug therapies
Building Purchase Intention By Understanding Interaction, Intimacy, Attitude and Intention to Play Shopee Games

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background: The discourse on gamification continues to be relevant in contemporary times. This concept has rapidly emerged as an innovative trend within the marketing domain. Business practitioners increasingly view the application of gamification as a novel tool or approach to assess their market potential. Additionally, gamification is perceived as having the capacity to enhance the value of a service. Although discounts continue to be a primary draw, the burgeoning popularity of online shopping platforms can be attributed to the incorporation of entertainment features and gamification elements. Objective: This study discusses the unexplored relationship between gamification and e-commerce, with a focus on interaction, intimacy, attitudes, and gaming intentions in the context of games on e-commerce platforms. Method: This research was conducted through a Google Form questionnaire given to 127 active participants at Shopee Games, and analyzed using SmartPLS 3 software. Results: This research identifies interaction as an important factor that shapes user intimacy and fosters positive attitudes toward platform engagement. Additionally, gaming intention emerged as a significant correlate, influencing increased exposure to in-game product promotions and potentially motivating users in their purchasing intentions. Conclusion: These findings deepen our understanding of the complex relationships between interaction, intimacy, attitudes, gaming intentions, and shopping behavior on e-commerce platforms, thereby offering insights for the development of marketing strategies in the gamification paradigm. This research contributes to the growing understanding of the synergy between gamification and e-commerce. Keywords: intention to purchase; interaction; intimacy; attitude toward play; play intention.