jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HCV infection and prevalent genotypes of HCV among drug users in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2022: a sentinel surveillance-based cross-sectional survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the genotypes of prevalent HCV among drug users in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia). MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2022 among all newly admitted drug users (n = 1 659) at AIDS sentinel surveillance sites in four cities of Inner Mongolia. Participants were interviewed and blood samples were collected for relevant information, anti-HCV/HCV nucleic acid detection, and genotyping of HCV RNA-positive specimens. Enumeration data were described by using proportions, and the chi-squared test was taken for comparisons between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify risk factors for HCV infection among drug users. ResultsAmong 1 659 drug users aged 43.67 ± 9.52 years, 98.01% were male; 89.33% were of Han ethnicity; 85.65% had local household registration; 46.05% were married or cohabiting; and 73.54% reported education of junior high school and below. HCV infection was diagnosed in 13.62% of all drug users. The most common HCV genotypes among HCV-infected individuals were 1b, 3a, and 3b, and the majority of infections with different genotypes had intermediate or high HCV RNA viral loads. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that injecting and needle-sharing drug users had a significantly increased risk of HCV infection compared with those without the two drug use behaviors, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.994 (2.243 – 3.995) and 8.217 (4.128 – 16.355), respectively. ConclusionThe prevalent HCV genotypes among HCV-infected drug users in Inner Mongolia are 1b and 3a, and genotype 3a HCV infections have higher viral loads. Strengthening drug control, regular testing and treatment of HCV infection among drug users should be implemented to promptly detect and intervene in HCV infection in the population.
Warfarin Dosing in a Patient with CYP2C9∗3∗3 and

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Genetic factorsmost correlatedwithwarfarin dose requirements are variations in the genes encoding the enzymes cytochromeP450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Patients receiving warfarin who possess one or more genetic variations inCYP2C9 andVKORC1 are at increased risk of adverse drug events and require significant dose reductions to achieve a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). A 74-year-old white female with atrial fibrillation was initiated on a warfarin dose of 2mg PO daily, which resulted in multiple elevated INR measurements and three clinically significant hemorrhagic events and four vitamin K antidote treatments over a period of less than two weeks. Genetic analysis later revealed that she had the homozygous variant genotypes of CYP2C9∗3∗3 and VKORC1-1639 AA. Warfarin dosing was subsequently restarted and stabilized at 0.5mg PO daily with therapeutic INRs.This is the first case report of a white female with these genotypes stabilized onwarfarin, and it highlights the value of pharmacogenetic testing prior to the initiation of warfarin therapy to maximize efficacy and minimize the risk of adverse drug events. 1.
Effects of within-group homogeneityof physiological state on individual feeding behaviour of loose-housed Charolais cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

\nThe criteria used by farmers to assign animals to the different groups do not only concern\nnutritional aspects, implying that each group is not homogeneous with regards to nutrient\nrequirements. The food intake and feeding behaviour of 12 loose-housed Charolais cows (6 dry\nand 6 lactating), given hay ad libitum were compared in homogeneous (Hom) and heterogeneous\n(Het) groups according to their physiological states: Hom groups were comprised of cows in\nsimilar physiological states (dry or lactating) and Het groups were comprised of cows in\ndifferent physiological states (dry + lactating). No difference was detected in daily intake\nlevel in Hom and Het groups: 14.8 and 14.5 kg DM for dry cows, 15.4 and 15.3 for lactating\ncows, respectively, nor for daily time of eating: 4 h 53 and 4 h 44 for dry cows, 5 h 50 and\n5 h 34 for lactating cows. In Het groups, lactating cows ate more at night: from midnight to\n10.00 hours, they had already spent 2 h eating vs. 1 h 30 in Hom groups. Cows had\nsignificantly more short meals ($< 1$ h) in Het groups: 11.1 vs. 9.0 for dry cows and 12.4 vs.\n10.6 for lactating cows in Het and Hom groups, respectively. This fractionising of the eating\nactivity concerned particularly submissive dry cows and high producing lactating cows.\n
INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE AS THE BASIS OF EDUCATIONAL SPACE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is based on the idea that all the various external manifestations of the spiritual essence of a person are complicated by the lack of development of target objects, principles, and potential of cultural-educational and pedagogical means of harmonizing the interaction of people. The first place in it is asserting the dialogic style of life of the subjects involved in the cultural and educational space. The analysis of intercultural education as a social institution and sociocultural space for an individual’s socialization has made it possible to suggest that it has the potential to ensure the spiritual security of Ukrainian society, particularly regarding intercultural relations. The authors conclude that dialogue cooperation, as a certain humanitarian technology, should direct all educational discourses into the development of a dialogue of cultures and its orientation towards philosophical reflection in the educational process. Philosophical reflection approximates the notion of “intercultural dialogue” and other terms and even categories that function in scientific and academic life. The article stresses that communication space is often contradictory to determine at least the meaning of these concepts and release them from stereotyped connotations, falsifications and quasi-intellectual layers.
Continuing education of ICU nursing staff in São Paulo city

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Este estudo é parte de um projeto maior sobre os recursos estruturais das UTIs no Município de São Paulo, incluindo a análise de sua estrutura física, recursos humanos, materiais e equipamentos. Os aspectos relativos às atividades de educação continuada da equipe de enfermagem são analisados neste artigo. A amostra estudada foi de 43 UTIs e um questionário respondido pela enfermeira responsável pela Unidade, o instrumento usado para a coleta de dados. Do total de Unidades estudadas, 34 (79,1%) responderam ter treinamento inicial específico e 18 (41,9%), programas de atualização, os quais enfocam principalmente, revisão de técnicas e rotinas e atualização de patologias. As atividades de educação continuada são desenvolvidas predominantemente por enfermeiros das UTIs. Em relação aos enfermeiros, além das atividades de educação continuada desenvolvidas pelo próprio hospital, 50,2% assinalaram ter feito cursos de especialização ou aprimoramento em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica ou em outras áreas ou tanto em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica como em outras áreas. Face ao detectado e considerando o desenvolvimento do enfermeiro de UTI como o de um especialista, algumas sugestões para o aprimoramento das atividades de educação continuada nessas Unidades são apresentadas.
COMPARISON OF MORPHOLOGICAL-BASED SEGMENTATION METHODS FOR FETAL FEMUR LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Measurement of fetal femur length is crucial for the estimation of fetal age and growth pattern. Due to the noisy nature of ultrasound images and the variation in image acquisition and measurement techniques, manual measurements are subject to interobserver and intraobserver variability. The motivation of this paper is to study the efficiency of automated methods used in the femur endpoint detection module of our proposed computer-assisted processing and analysis system, which is employed to determine the gestational age for promoting the standardization of fetal femur measurements, thus resulting in more reliable age estimates. The proposed methods are based on the morphological operators methods 5 and the morphological watershed segmentation method. We applied these methods on a set of 100 digitized fetal femur images of size 287 × 224 pixels with 256 gray-level images and a resolution of 100 pixels per inch (ppi) horizontally and vertically. The results showed that the watershed method was the more efficient one and gave reliable results for every femur image tested.
Abstract 5033: The role of the epigenetic regulator SATB2 in colon cancer progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SATB2 is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor that orchestrates gene expression by regulating higher-order chromatin structure. Using antibody-based screening of 48 normal human tissues and 20 cancer types, we identified SATB2 as a protein almost exclusively expressed in gastrointestinal tissue. We confirmed this observation at the mRNA level in 10,533 human tissue samples. Differential expression of SATB2 was observed in colorectal cancer, with loss of expression occurring along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Additionally, SATB2 expression was markedly decreased in metastatic SW620 colon cancer cells and siRNA knockdown of SATB2 expression in parental SW480 cells increased their growth and migratory capacity. Ectopic expression of SATB2 in the metastatic variant reversed the observed phenotype. Using tissue microarray and automated image analysis of SATB2 expression in colorectal cancers (n=309), SATB2 was demonstrated by multivariate Cox regression analysis to be an independent predictor of disease-specific survival (HR=0.52, 95% CI 0.32-0.83, p=0.006). SATB2 mRNA levels were examined in a second cohort (n=290) and again, SATB2 was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of disease-specific survival (HR=0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.92, p=0.031). Interestingly, in colorectal cancer patients, SATB2 levels significantly correlated with CD3+ T-cell infiltrates in the tumours (p=0.006) and inversely correlated with COX2 expression (p=0.019). In two independent colorectal cancer cohorts (n=467), SATB2-low tumours were found to be significantly enriched in the CMS1 (immune-related) subtype (p<0.001). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that SATB2 low tumours demonstrated altered immune signalling with significant increases in IFNγ (p=0.001), IL6 (p=0.001), IL8 (p<0.001) TFGβ (p<0.001), which was mirrored by in vitro manipulation of SATB2 expression in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, in a longitudinal cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis, we observed a significant correlation between loss of SATB2 expression and occurrence of future cancers (p=0.013). We therefore postulate that SATB2 acts as a master regulator of the inflammatory response in the gut and loss of expression is significantly associated with the progression of colorectal cancer.Citation Format: Donal J. Brennan, Kirsha Naicker, Sudipto Das, Bruce Moran, Rut Klinger, Fredrik Ponten, Stephen Hewitt, Karin Jirström, Annette T. Byrne, Jacintha O'Sullivan, William M. Gallagher, Darran P. O'Connor. The role of the epigenetic regulator SATB2 in colon cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5033.
Cost Efficient Automated Fog Spraying Machine: A Covid-19 Hand Sanitization Solution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a result of the introduction of new infectious illnesses, key infection prevention measures were implemented. Now, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has expanded swiftly, causing the coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19). Many microorganisms spread illness via hospital surfaces due to environmental pollution. This virus has been associated to close contact between persons in tight situations such as houses, hospitals, assisted living, and residential institutions. Aside from health care settings, public buildings, faith-based community centers, marketplaces, transportation, and corporate environments are prone to COVID-19 transmission. Physical contact to the sanitizer device may cause for spread Covid virus. That's why we have proposed an automatic fogger mechanism-based hand sanitizer that may able to reduce covid risk. Disinfectant fog will flow when object will pass through the machine. This project will save cost, time and wastage along with Covid spreading risk. This project is about designing a good healthcare system. In recent years, sophisticated automation has influenced the health industry. Health care in poor nations is costly. So, the project is an attempt to tackle this issue.
[Interrelationships between the enzymatic functions of the pancreas and small intestine during adaptive processes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In rats fed for 4, 15, and 30 days with increased amount of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, considerable shifts occurred in activity of enzymes of the pancreas (amylase, protease, and lipase) and small intestine (gamma--amylase, maltase group, invertase, peptidhydrolase, monoglyceriflipase). Mathematical analysis suggested a close connection between the adaptive shifts in the enzyme systems maintaining the lumen and the membrane types of digestion. The protein diet augments the proteolytic enzyme chain the lipid diet--the lipolytic chain, and the carbohydrate diet--the carbohydrate chain. The shifts should be regarded as an integrative adaptive response of the enzyme spectrum of the pancreas and small intestine to alterations in the food composition.
Intracavernosal therapy and vacuum devices to treat erectile dysfunction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To explore the mechanism of action, as well as the risks and benefits of two popular and effective treatment modalities for erectile dysfunction (ED). Intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy involves direct injection of vasoactive agents into cavernosal tissue to facilitate erection. Commonly perscribed agents include PGE1 (alprostadil), papaverine, and phentolamine. Though there are some risks associated with improper injection technique, these agents have a low side effect profile and have proven to be very effective, especially in combination. Patients may also chose the less invasive option of a vacuum erection device (VED), which are often successful in ED of any etiology.
B cells and cancer: To B or not to B?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Whereas T cells have been considered the major immune cells of the tumor microenvironment able to induce tumor regression and control cancer clinical outcome, a burst of recent publications pointed to the fact that B cells may also play a prominent role. Activated in germinal centers of tertiary lymphoid structures, B cells can directly present tumor-associated antigens to T cells or produce antibodies that increase antigen presentation to T cells or kill tumor cells, resulting in a beneficial clinical impact. Immune complexes can also increase inflammation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression via macrophage and complement activation, resulting in deleterious impact.
Picryl Chloride-Induced Contact Dermatitis in IQI/Jic Male Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ear skin responses to picryl chloride (PCL) were examined in IQI/Jic male mice. Following the sensitization with PCL to the shaved abdominal skin, the left ear was topically applied with PCL at 4, 11, 18 and 25 days later. The ear swelling responses tended to shift from delayed type to immediate one after the 4th application. The peak time of histopathological changes characterized by edema and inflammatory cell infiltration corresponded well with that of ear swelling responses, and marked elevation of total serum IgE levels and prominent increase in number of mast cells were observed after the 4th application. The numbers of CD4+ cells and Mac-1+ cells began to increase after the 1st application and much more increased after the 4th application while CD8+ cells increased after the 4th application. MHC class II+ cells increased mainly in the dermis after the 4th application, but CD19 + cells, i.e. B lymphocytes, were negligible throughout the experimental period. The present results suggest that not only CD4+ cells but also CD8+ cells may participate in the induction of PCL-induced contact dermatitis in IQI/Jic male mice and that the shift from Th1-dominant response to Th2-dominant one may occur following the repeated application.
‘Tsiganes on the Brain’: The ‘Last Gypsy’ as a Case of Archive Fever

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article identifies some of the ways in which the 'Victorian Gypsy' was constructed by a group of authors known as Gypsy lorists, and develops reading strategies that highlight the politics of their writing, in particular using Jacques Derrida's theorisation of the archive. For the Victorians, it seemed that the Gypsy way of life would soon die out. The Gypsies' apparently imminent disappearance marks their world as delicate, natural and formerly pure. However, the structure of the archive means that the lorists' attempts to preserve their version of Gypsy culture are threatened from within: they hasten the forgetting of that which they would conserve and archivally silence Gypsy voices with their own. Claims of extinction have evidently been disproved, however, and new archives successfully augment what the lorists considered to be the last word on Gypsies in Britain.
Global Role of Low Molecular Weight Nucleic Acids in Biological Systems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Some considerations and reports are made regarding personal scientific developments carried out by author V.M. Zemskov in partnership with colleagues team and my close colleague prof. Zemskov A.M. for many years, specifically, 50 years. This is a problem, to which almost entire life has been devoted. It relates to a completely new global consistent pattern that we managed to stumble upon in those distant years, and that is implemented in any biological systems -whether it’s a higher or a lower organism, a human being, or various microbial and cellular populations. Realized by low molecular weight RNA or oligonucleotides of RNA.
Vegetation mapping issues at the conference “Russian geobotany: results and prospects” (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Geobotany Department of Komarov Botanical Institute)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

On 26–30 of September 2022, the Komarov Botanical Institute hosted the conference “Russian Geobotany: Results and Prospects” (on the 100th anniversary of the Komarov Botanical Institute Geobotany Department). 123 participants from 25 cities of Russia as well as colleagues from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vietnam attended the conference. The work of the conference was held in three directions: “Diversity and protection of vegetation”, “Structure and dynamics of plant communities”, “Geography and cartography of vegetation”. 23 presentations were given in the section “Geography and Cartography of Vegetation”, 10 reports only focused on vegetation mapping. Various methodological aspects related to vegetation mapping were discussed: practical significance of cartographic works, for example, assessment of the stability of forest fires, the degree of disturbance, the conservation value of plant communities and habitats, the dynamic state of plant communities; the application of automated methods for interpretation of space images, the use of remote sensing techniques for mapping, etc. The colleagues got very good opportunities to share their experiences on vegetation mapping.
Automatic detection of ventricular and supraventricular wide QRS arrhythmias using complex of morphological criteria and algorithms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. The aim of study is a detection of ventricular and supraventricular wide QRS arrhythmias using complex of morphological criteria and algorithms by method of automatic analysis. Materials and methods. For 100 patients (m/f – 61/39, Me (min; max) – 44.5 (10; 85) years) of researched group the analysis of 14306 single wide ectopic complexes (QRS 120–230 ms) has been done. Wide complexes include 11028 (77%) ventricular complexes and 3278 (23%) supraventricular complexes represented by 145 different forms of QRS. For verification of arrhythmias origin transesophageal ECG recording and endocardial electrophysiological study were done. The control group included 59 patients (m/f – 25/34, Me (min; max) – 49.5 (14,85) years) with 720 wide QRS, including 467 (65%) ventricular and 253 (35%) supraventricular complexes represented by 86 forms of QRS. The criteria Drew B.J., Scheinman M.M. (1995); Wellens H.J. (1978), RWPT II (Pava LF, 2010) and the algorithms of Brugada P. (1991); Bayesian (2000); Vereckei A. (2008) were used to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of wide QRS complexes recognition one by one and together, using the method of Wald sequential automatic analysis (KT Result3, CJSC INCART, Russia) and method of artificial neural networks. Results. The best results for the detection of ventricular arrhythmias algorithms were demonstrated by the Brugada P., Drew B.J., Scheinman M.M. algorithm (sensitivity 86.43%, specificity 66.73%, diagnostic accuracy 82.14% in the study group, sensitivity 81.80%, specificity 73.12%, diagnostic accuracy 78.75% in the control group), and the Bayesian algorithm (sensitivity 87.81%, specificity 73.62%, diagnostic accuracy 84.72% in the study group, sensitivity 83.30%, specificity 77.08%, diagnostic accuracy 81.11% in the control group). A complex analysis of the Wald method recognized ventricular arrhythmias in the research group with sensitivity 83.11%, specificity 83.65%, diagnostic accuracy 83.23% and in the control group with a sensitivity 83.51%, specificity of 84.58% and diagnostic accuracy 83.89%. Artificial neural networks recognized ventricular arrhythmias with sensitivity 91.43%, specificity 91.30% and diagnostic accuracy 91.39% in the control group and with sensitivity 97.06%, specificity 99.39% and diagnostic accuracy 97.6% in the research group. Conclusion. Automatic analysis allows obtaining simultaneously the results of each algorithms/criteria and in combination. It significantly reduces the doctor’s work in assessing of amplitude-time characteristics of the complexes. Using artificial neural networks increases the accuracy of of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias recognition.