jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiple change point analysis in random graph series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Graphs are important mathematical tools for modelling processes. An important issue in this area is to infer the changes that occur in the underlying generative process. In this work, inference of multiple change points in stochastic block graph time series is studied. A well-known algorithm for inference in time series is the forward-backward algorithm. In order to decrease computational complexity of this algorithm in graphical models, backward smoothing part is replaced with backward Monte Carlo sampling. With the experiments, it is observed that modified algorithm gives result in accordance with the real data.
The effects of environmental variability and spatial sampling on the three-dimensional inversion problem

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The overall goal of this work is to quantify the effects of environmental variability and spatial sampling on the accuracy and uncertainty of estimates of the three-dimensional ocean sound-speed field. In this work, ocean sound speed estimates are obtained with acoustic data measured by a sparse autonomous observing system using a perturbative inversion scheme [Rajan, Lynch, and Frisk, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 998–1017 (1987)]. The vertical and horizontal resolution of the solution depends on the bandwidth of acoustic data and on the quantity of sources and receivers, respectively. Thus, for a simple, range-independent ocean sound speed profile, a single source–receiver pair is sufficient to estimate the water-column sound-speed field. On the other hand, an environment with significant variability may not be fully characterized by a large number of sources and receivers, resulting in uncertainty in the solution. This work explores the interrelated effects of environmental variability and spatial sampling on the accuracy and uncertainty of the inversion solution though a set of case studies. Synthetic data representative of the ocean variability on the New Jersey shelf are used.
Septic arthritis in rheumatoid disease.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) measurements have been performed on the MDMO-PPV/PCBM system which is potentially interesting for applications as active layer in polymer solar cells (PSCs). It is demonstrated that C-AFM analysis performed in air for ambient conditions provides only inadequate information about the local electrical properties. The main reason is that the samples chemically degrade when in contact with air. Moreover, we speculate that also the adsorbed water layer interferes with reliable nanoscale electrical measurements. In contrast, when performed in inert atmosphere C-AFM analysis offers consistent results of e.g. the I–V characteristics with lateral resolution better than 50 nm, and is able to detect local heterogeneities of these I–V characteristics at the sample surface.
Replication patterns of three isodicentric X chromosomes and an X isochromosome in human lymphocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chromosomes from four patients with variants of the Turner syndrome were investigated by G‐ and C‐ banding and DNA replication techniques. Their karyotypes were: 1) 46,X,idic(X)(q28), 2) 45,X/46,X,idic(X)(q24), 3)45,X/ 46,X,idic(X)(p11), and 4) 46,X,i(Xq). In Patients 1, 2, and 3, the abnormal X was isodicentric, with different break‐and‐fusion points in each case. In each, the G‐band pattern on one side of the breakpoint was a mirror image of that on the other side. Each had two distinct C‐bands, only one of which was associated with a primary constriction. The fourth patient had an isochromosome of the long arm of an X in which only one C‐band could be discerned. Replication studies were done on lymphocyte cultures by incorporating a thymidine analogue and staining with acridine orange. In addition, replication patterns of normal early‐ and late‐replicating X chromosomes were studied in two normal females. In the four patients, all the normal X chromosomes had normal early‐replication patterns. The two idic(X) chromosomes with break‐and‐fusion points on their long arms almost always had symmetric replication patterns, which demonstrates that the corresponding bands replicated synchronously. In contrast, many of the idic(X)(p11) and i(Xq) chromosomes showed asymmetric or asynchronous replication. In each, the replication pattern of the abnormal X was similar to the equivalent portions of a normal late‐replicating X.
Measurement of serum homocysteine is useful to achieve health promotion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

高齢になっても、生活の質を良好に保つためには、動脈硬化症、骨関節疾患を予防し、治療することが重要である。近年、動脈硬化症の進行は骨粗鬆症にも関連することが明らかにされた。ホモシステインは、動脈硬化症に対する危険因子の一つとされ、また骨粗鬆症においては、生理的コラーゲン架橋の低下などにより骨質の劣化、さらに骨粗鬆症を増悪させることが報告されてきた。本研究では、血清ホモシステイン濃度高値は、現在のわが国におけるメタボリック症候群の診断基準において、メタボリック症候群該当群、予備群、非該当群に認められることが明らかにされた。かかる非該当群の男性では、高血圧症を伴っており、血清総ホモシステイン濃度が、動脈硬化症の進行を予測する上で、現在のわが国におけるメタボリック症候群の補完となりうることが示された。また閉経後女性では、骨密度が低下する場合、血清総ホモシステイン濃度が骨密度正常群に比べ高くなり、脂質異常症あるいは耐糖能異常を伴うことが示された。以上の成績から、血清総ホモシステイン濃度は、動脈硬化症および骨粗鬆症が進行する予測因子となりえ、いわゆる「骨血管相関」の病態を考えるために重要であることが示唆された。
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of HN Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus Tibet Isolates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To determine the structural characteristics and genetic correlation of NDV HN gene of Tibet,the NDV strains isolated from Tibet were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in this test.The HNgene was purified and cloned into pMD18-T vector for sequencing.The results showed that the HNgene fragments consisted of 1734bp coding for 577 amino acids which contained 5glycosylationsites,the HNgene of XZ10 and XZ17contained 12cysteine residues,but XZ20 just contained 11 cysteine residues.Compared with the other Newcastle disease virus strains discovered,the nucleotide homology of HNgene was 81.1% to 93.0% , and amino acid homology was 81.1% to 93.6% .Compared with the current vaccine strains,the nucleotide homology was 87.8% to 98.7% ,the amino acid homology was 88.0% to 98.9% .The phylogenetic analysis showed that Tibet NDV strains HNgene belonged toⅡtype.
Nonlinear self-adjointness and conservation laws for some third order equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The concepts of self-adjoint and quasi-self-adjoint equations were introduced by N.H. Ibragimov, he also proved a general theorem on conservation laws. In 2011 the first of these authors has introduced the definition of weak self-adjoint equations and N.H. Ibragimov has introduced the concept of nonlinear self-adjointness. In this paper we consider a generalized Korteweg-de Vries and the third order potential Burgers equation. By using the property of self-adjointness and it generalizations we construct some conservation laws associated with symmetries of the differential equation.
Coronary-Artery Spasm Immediately after Myocardial Revascularization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated coronary-artery spasm in six patents who had had unexpected hemodynamic collapse within two hours after cardiopulmonary bypass for myocardial revascularization. All six had profound hypotension and recurrent ST-segment elevation in electrocardiographic Leads II, III, and aVF. All had either normal or noncritical luminal irregularities of dominant right coronary arteries and more than 75 per cent occlusions in the left coronary circulation. Right-coronary-artery spasm, which was reversed after intracoronary nitroglycerin, was demonstrated angiographically in one patient; a patent right coronary artery was found at autopsy in another patient. Three patients died despite large intravenous doses of nitroglycerin. Two patients who had been unresponsive to intravenous nitroglycerin recovered after direct infusion of nitroglycerin into the right coronary artery. Coronary-artery spasm immediately after myocardial revascularization may cause circulatory collapse and death; although the spasm may be refractory to usual therapy, it may respond to intracoronary nitroglycerin.
Bilirubin excretion pattern in manganese-bilirubin cholestasis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Impaired bilirubin excretion has been investigated as the possible mechanism for the cholestasis observed following the injection of manganese and bilirubin in rats. We studied the biliary excretion pattern of bilirubin in bile under both cholestatic (manganese plus bilirubin) and noncholestatic (manganese or bilirubin alone; manganese plus bilirubin plus sulfobromophthalein) conditions using a diazotization reaction and this layer chromatography. The accumulation of non-C-1-glucuronides or of nonglucuronoconjugates of bilirubin in bile does not seem to be responsible for the cholestasis. The altered biliary bilirubin metabolic pattern of the azodipyrollic fractions observed during manganese-bilirubin cholestasis appeared to be the result of the cholestasis, rather than its cause.
Effect on Target Detection of Isolating the Target Bearing Area on a Waterfall Display with a Neutral Filter

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

DiVita and Hanna (1987) have shown that target detection on a waterfall display suffers, and performance is improved if the pixels of the target bearing are displayed in red without, however, adding any additional target information. The reason appears to be that the operator has difficulty in keeping the relevant bearing isolated. We tested the effect on target detection of isolating a target bearing with a neutral density filter on the face of the CRT, which dimmed the surround slightly but kept a narrow area about three pixels wide around the target bearing at full luminance. Although this improved the performance of 9 out of 12 subjects, the difference was not statistically significant.
Control of queues in a permissive society

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract By attaching an XDS Sigma 2 computer to Atlas via a shared disk, a multi‐access facility has been developed without causing any interruption in the day to day running of the Atlas batch processing system. Jobs may be initiated on Atlas from a terminal and results from such jobs may be either returned to files or published on any of the normal Atlas peripherals A statistics collecting package is included, which allows the gathering of information about any part of the system. Also, modifications can easily be made to the system to test the predictions of such a model. The model described here tries to relate response time to various system loads. In order to allow for the overlapping of disk and CPU time, we have queued the two activities in series One of the useful side effects of constructing such a model is the focussing of attention on areas of the software which really do affect the response time. The paper outlines the development of this model, which is still in progress, highlighting some of the milestones and pitfalls encountered so far.
Improving the Performance of C/C+L Optical Networks with All-optical Wideband Wavelength Converters and Route Segmentation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we show that one can improve the performance of C/C+L Optical Networks by adopting a single all-optical wideband wavelength converter per connection along with the Route Segmentation technique. Our results show that such an approach can achieve a performance similar to using an unlimited number of optical-electrical-optical wavelength converters. Furthermore, our results show that the proposed strategy can substantially increase the network throughput.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Structural Relaxation and Crystallization on the Corrosion Behavior of Electrodeposited Amorphous Ni‐P Alloys.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endocannabinoids and neuropathic pain: focus on neuron–glia and endocannabinoid–neurotrophin interactions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although originally described as a signalling system encompassing the cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, their endogenous agonists (the endocannabinoids), and metabolic enzymes regulating the levels of such agonists, the endocannabinoid system is now viewed as being more complex, and including metabolically related endocannabinoid‐like mediators and their molecular targets as well. The function and dysfunction of this complex signalling system in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pain transduction and control has been widely studied over the last two decades. In this review article, we describe some of the latest advances in our knowledge on the role of the endocannabinoid system, in its most recent and wider conception, in pain pathways, by focusing on: (1) neuron–glia interactions; and (2) emerging data on endocannabinoid cross‐talk with neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor.
Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifier-Based Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator Using Only Two Grounded Capacitors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Background: This article describes the circuit construction of the sinusoidal quadrature oscillator using two Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifiers (VDGAs) as active devices. Methods: Since the presented oscillator circuit uses only two external grounded capacitors as passive elements, it is quite suitable for monolithic integration point of view. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation are non-interactive, and can be controlled electronically by tuning two separate biasing currents. Non-ideal analysis and sensitivity performance are also discussed. Results: The feasibility of the designed oscillator is justified by the PSPICE simulation results based on TSMC 0.35-µm CMOS process parameters. Conclusion: The effects of the VDGA non-idealities on the proposed circuit are also provided, and the computer simulations based on TSMC 0.35-mm CMOS model parameters are included to evaluate the performance of the circuit.
Assessment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschoolers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Twenty-six preschoolers, 13 with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 13 without ADHD, were assessed with respect to the following: Psychosocial Functioning, Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity. Two new behavioral coding systems, a new test of inhibitory control, and a new test of vigilance were specifically designed for preschoolers to measure activity, impulsivity, and attention. Preschoolers with ADHD were rated by their parents as significantly more stressful to manage, less reinforcing, more demanding, less adaptable to change, and less compatible with the parent. Although family functioning was rated to be within the average range for both groups, mothers of preschoolers with ADHD rated themselves as exhibiting more symptoms of depression, and a sense of reduced parental competence. During structured tasks, preschoolers with ADHD more often grabbed materials, and required more frequent directives from an examiner. During unstructured tasks the preschoolers with ADHD more often played with a set of “off-limits toys”. Activity level, as well as squirming, did not reliably distinguish between the preschoolers with and without ADHD. Finally, preschoolers with ADHD, consistent with the school-age ADHD literature, committed significantly more errors of commission on a preschool vigilance task. Discussion focuses on the clinical validity of this protocol, the importance of assessing preschoolers with developmentally appropriate measures of attention and behavior, and of interpreting their profiles within a neurodevelopmental framework.
Development and Application of a Heating Remote Monitoring System Based on KingSCADA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A remote monitoring system for a secondary heating pipe network is designed on the basis of the KingSCADA software. Remote data communication is implemented through the IP mapping technology. Remote data are sorted through IOServer, and the remote monitoring of the pipe network unit port return is implemented accordingly. Using data such as water temperature and pressure of the water supply and return pipes, valve opening can be remotely adjusted to optimize the performances of the network to meet user needs in real time. The research results show that this remote monitoring system displays a reasonable degree of stability and efficiency in remote communication.
The Knowledge of Lung Tuberculosis Suspects for Sputum Examination Attitude In The Kamoning Primary Health Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease mostly attacks the lungs TB disease is transmitted by smear positive TB patients through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes in the form of droplets. Sputum examination is an effort to enforce TB diagnose and to determine the potential of this transmission. The aims was conducted to determine the relationship between the respondents’ knowledge andthe sputum examination in the health center Kamoning Sampang. This research used analytic observational study with survey method using cross sectional. The research performed in 60 patients and sampling method used is imple random sampling. The independent variabel consist of education, occupation, income respondents, education and attitude of the respondent in conducting sputum examination. The strength of correlation was measured by Contingency Coefficient and Odd Ratio (OR) were analyzed using chi-square test. Contingency Coefficient of respondents knowledge knowledge suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in sputum examination is 0,253 and OR = 3,600. The conclusion is there was a weak correlation between the respondents knowledge and sputum examination. Symptoms and treatment of pulmonary TB can be identified if the health workers in collaboration with religious leaders and community leaders to provide the Information according to age and education of the respondents.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, TB suspect, sputum examination
Sherardia arvensis Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sherardia arvensis, spec. nov. 1. Sherardia foliis omnibus verticillatis, floribus terminalibus. Sherardia. Dill. gen. 96. Hort. cliff. 33. Fl. suec. 113. Roy. lugdb. 257. Hall. helv. 456. Dalib. paris.46. Rubeola arvensis repens caerulea. Bauh. pin. 334. prod. 145. Rubia parva, flore caeruleo se spargens. Bauh. hist. 2. p.719. Habitat in arvis Scaniae , Germaniae , Angliae . ☉
Seasonal variations of Vibrio cholerae (non-O1) isolated from California coastal waters

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This report compares recovery of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strains from seven California coastal sites during the winter and summer of 1983. A total of 41 identified and 27 presumptive nn-O1 V. cholerae strains were recovered from six of seven coastal sites in the summer. A 5-to 56-fold increase in the numbers of organisms isolated from different sites occurred in the summer months, when water temperatures were 1.9 to 5.1 degrees C higher. At the three sites where the highest levels of non-O1 V. cholerae were found, pollution, as measured by the total number of coliforms, exceeded the legal limit (less than 1,000 coliforms per 100 ml.).
Islam and Development in Bangladesh: A Grassroots Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Bangladesh, local Muslim faith-inspired organizations have taken on new significance as the country grapples with growing social fissures around religion. These groups occupy a critical position in relation to the secular and religious divide, with a foot in both the worlds of religion and development. However, they are under-engaged by the mainstream development community. Apart from the larger secularized Muslim FIOs, little is known about the activities and ideological outlook of these groups, particularly those operating solely at the grassroots level. Local Muslim groups in Bangladesh are often assumed to be antagonistic or oppositional toward mainstream development efforts, and as a result, development actors have rarely approached them as potential local partners. This study aims not only to describe the activities, approach, and goals of the work of grassroots Muslim organizations, but also to provide conceptual tools to help development practitioners better understand grassroots Islamic development efforts in Bangladesh.
Strategic Disposition Tests and the Influence of Learning Strategy on the Performance and Breakdown of Skills.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main effort during the reporting period has been focussed on Projects A and B of the research proposal. The aim of Project A is to develop strategic disposition tests for determining individual competance and preferred learning style. The aim of Project B is to examine the relationships between individual competence and performance on a task under conditions of stress as a function of type of training. (Author)
Making an impact: Scotland’s response to tackling climate change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scotland has set some of the most stringent legislation in the world to tackle climate change. This article outlines some of the process that has brought that about. What is the role of science and what else is required to make a genuine impact on a wicked issue of this scale and complexity? Whilst the science provides a critical factual consensus around the issue, there are many stages required to actually deliver change. Critically any such issue needs to be made a public concern, and have the popular momentum necessary to persuade politicians and others to consider legislation. The process of setting legislation is prone to party politics so to be robust it needs cross party support. Even legislation is not enough, there needs to be follow through - public pressure to actually deliver against targets and create action. And for an issue as broad as climate change it needs broad sectoral and specific actions and targets, and for everyone to engage. So to truly deliver impact on such a complex wicked problem like climate change requires a complex, broad response, and at every stage, it requires an understanding of the next steps, and a relentless drive in their pursuit.
Degradation of metamorphic InGaAs Esaki tunnel diodes due to electrode diffusion and impurity interdiffusion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated degradation of metamorphic In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As Esaki tunnel diodes. The degradation due to electrode diffusion and impurity interdiffusion is more prominent than that of lattice-matched In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As Esaki tunnel diodes
A Study on the Bounding Value of Valve Performance Parameters for Motor Operated Flexible Wedge Gate Valve

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stem friction coefficient and valve factor are very important parameters for the evaluation of valve performance. In this study, the characteristics of stem friction coefficient and valve factor are analyzed, and ther bounding value is determined. The hydraulic testing is performed for many flexible wedge gate valves in the plant and statistical method is applied to the determination of bounding value. According to the results of this study, stem friction coefficient does not change much with differential pressure, and the bounding value of closing stroke is higher than that of opening stroke. The valve factor of valves with high differential pressure is higher than that of valves with medium differential pressure. It means valve factor is more sensitive to the differential pressure than the stem friction coefficient. Valve factor of the closing stroke is higher than that of opening stroke due to piston effect.