jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Animal experimentation, animal welfare and scientific research].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hundreds of thousands of laboratory animals are being used every year for scientific experiments held in Israel, mostly mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and a few sheep, cattle, pigs, cats, dogs, and even a few dozen monkeys. In addition to the animals sacrificed to promote scientific research, millions of animals slain every year for other purposes such as meat and fine leather fashion industries. While opening a front against all is an impossible and perhaps an unjustified task, the state of Israel enacted the Animal Welfare (Animal Experimentation) Law (1994). The law aims to regulate scientific animal experiments and to find the appropriate balance between the need to continue to perform animal experiments for the advancement of research and medicine, and at the same time to avoid unnecessary trials and minimize animal suffering. Among other issues the law deals with the phylogenetic scale according to which experimental animals should be selected, experiments for teaching and practicing, and experiments for the cosmetic industry. This article discusses bioethics considerations in animal experiments as well as the criticism on the scientific validity of such experiments. It further deals with the vitality of animal studies and the moral and legal obligation to prevent suffering from laboratory animals.
Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 May 2006Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction E. Chiurlia, R. D’Amico, C. Ratti, A.R. Granata, R. Romagnoli, and M.G. Modena E. ChiurliaE. Chiurlia More articles by this author , R. D’AmicoR. D’Amico More articles by this author , C. RattiC. Ratti More articles by this author , A.R. GranataA.R. Granata More articles by this author , R. RomagnoliR. Romagnoli More articles by this author , and M.G. ModenaM.G. Modena More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00167-4AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction." The Journal of Urology, 175(5), p. 1824 Institute of Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy© 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 5May 2006Page: 1824 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information E. Chiurlia More articles by this author R. D’Amico More articles by this author C. Ratti More articles by this author A.R. Granata More articles by this author R. Romagnoli More articles by this author M.G. Modena More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Analyzing Streaming Data with Apache Cassandra

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Big data encompasses vast volumes of structured, semistructured, and unstructured data. The exponential growth of unstructured data, driven by the proliferation of the Internet and social networks like Twitter, Facebook, and Yahoo, necessitates efficient processing solutions. Hadoop has emerged as a leading framework for big data analysis and processing. This paper discusses the configuration and integration of Apache Flume with Spark Streaming to stream data from Twitter. The streamed data is then stored in Apache Cassandra. Subsequently, the data is analyzed using Apache Zeppelin, with results displayed on a dashboard. The dashboard outcomes are further analyzed and validated using JSON.
Global gene expression analysis of Act1’s effects in airway epithelial cells (161.17)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Act1/CIKS is an intracellular protein that has been shown to play an important role in mediating IL-17A and IL-25 signaling effects. Recently, defects in Act1 function and/or expression has been implicated in inflammatory disease, such as psoriatic arthritis and atopic dermatitis. We have found that the modulation of Act1 expression levels in human airway epithelial cells changes the expression levels of some genes, in the absence of cytokine stimulation. RNAseq is a powerful new technique to quantitatively measure changes at the transcriptome level. Here we describe the use of RNAseq to globally analyze the effects of modulating Act1 expression in human airway epithelial cells.
FREEDOM OF THE HEART

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Philosophical accounts of freedom typically fail to capture an important kind of freedom—freedom to change what one cares about—that is central to our understanding of what it is to be a person. This paper articulates this kind of freedom more clearly, distinguishing it from freedom of action and freedom of the will, and gives an account of how it is possible. Central to this account is an understanding of the role of emotions in determining what we value, thus motivating a rethinking of the importance of emotions in the mental lives of persons.
Supplementary notes on 'Didymocarpus corchorifolius and its allies (Gesneriaceae) '

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on recent collections and field observations, supplements are communicated regarding the morphology, chromosome number and occurrence of Didymocarpus antirrhinoides A. Weber and D. corchorifolius DC. The plant on Pulau Tioman, formerly thought to represent eventually a new species, is definitely assigned to D. antirrhinoides.
Mary Gibson. Italian Prisons in the Age of Positivism, 1861–1914.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Almost half a century ago, the publication of Michel Foucault’s book Discipline and Punish set off a wave of national histories of the “birth of the prison.” Mary Gibson’s book is the first comprehensive survey of the prison in modern Italy and a compelling challenge to the framework established by Foucault. Covering a much longer period than the book’s title suggests, Gibson shifts our attention to the periods immediately before and after the long age of revolution (ca. 1760–1840); to the Catholic origins of the modern cellular penitentiary; and to the striking gender differences that defy a narrative of linear and progressive prison reform. In the process, she also provides a rich and enjoyable microhistory of prisons in the city of Rome. The first chapter, which focuses on early modern and Risorgimento Italy, introduces arguments and themes that inform the book as a whole. Here we encounter the papal government’s remarkable experiments in prison reform in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, culminating in the creation of the San Michele prisons for boys in 1703 and for women in 1735. Gibson is not simply adding one more example to the list of workhouses and other “proto-prisons” that prefigured the nineteenth-century penitentiary; she is arguing that the roots of the modern penitentiary include a tradition that has been largely ignored by historians: the Catholic monastic model of confinement as a humane alternative to corporal punishment. Just as important, as the example of San Michele shows, this model, which included many of the architectural details we associate with the modern penitentiary such as bright and ventilated individual cells, was extended to women as well as boys. The subsequent history of prisons in nineteenth-century Italy departed from this gender-inclusive age of reform.
Beyond Shared Care in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Based in the multicultural context of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, this article reviews shared care and collaborative care models which privilege consultations between primary and specialty care in children's mental health. An overview of Canada's two largest child psychiatric epidemiological studies outlines the nonclinical community prevalence in Ontario (18.5%) and Quebec (15%) of children's mental health problems along with salient family and community risk factors. Given the high prevalence of children's mental health problems and the burden of care undertaken by primary care practitioners, the interface between the first line of care and mental health services is crucial yet often characterized by poor communication, a lack of mutual comprehension, and limited collaboration. Collaborative mental health care has been defined as “a family physician or other primary care provider working together with a psychiatrist or other mental health worker in a mutually supportive partnership.” This definition is extended to describe a spectrum of partnerships in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP): shared care, collaborative care, and related collaborative community practices. The author's experience with these models is presented with an overview of a pilot study on CAP shared care in Montreal. Two other recent trends in Quebec are explored: an innovation called “Medical Specialists Responding in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry” for community mental health-care teams and the pair aidant or “peer helper” model reaching out to patients and families with a member who suffers from mental health problem to serve as a helper, a model, and part of the support network.
The Potential ofgrxBGene for Detection ofC. sakazakiiin Infant Formula Milk Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cronobacter sakazakii is one of the bacteria that causes food poisoning that contaminates infant formula. This pathogen causes necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis in infants or neonates with reported case fatality rates ranging from 40% to 80%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop fast and accurate detection of C. sakazakii in infant formula milk. This research aims to develop a method for detecting C. sakazakii bacteria using real-time PCR with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. A rapid detection method using real-time PCR with the target gene grxB successfully detects the presence of C. sakazakii DNA in artificially contaminated formula milk. The results of the real-time PCR test showed that C. sakazakii DNA with a concentration of 53 ng/µL could be amplified by the grxB gene primer pair with a Ct value of 12 and a Tm value of 85.8ºC. The specificity test showed that the grxB primer could differentiate between target and some non-target bacteria. The sensitivity test showed the ability of the grxB primer to detect the smallest concentration of 3,392 pg/µL with a Ct of 24,06. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the grxB primer has the potential to be used as rapid detection method for C. sakazakii bacteria in infant formula using real-time PCR.
Does lumbar mobilization help stroke patients to improve functional outcomes?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stroke survivors often face functional deficits and gait impairments. The current study aimed to observe effects of lumbar mobilization on gait of stroke patients. Quasiinterventional study was conducted on 30 stroke survivors. Sample included either gender with onset of stroke (>03-months), patients with other pathologies were excluded. Gait was assessed using gait dynamic index, timed up and go test; 5-times sit to stand and 10-meter walk test. Three sessions of lumbar mobilization were given to all patients and the data were analyzed on Spss-20. Participants had a mean age of 50±10.66 years. Among stroke survivors 20 (66 . 7%) ha haemorrhagic stroke while 10(33.3%) stroke survivors had ischaemic stroke. After 03 days of intervention significant improvement was recorded in timed up and go test score (p<0.001) 5-times sit to stand (p<0.001) and 10-meter walk test (p<0.001). Dynamic balance and walking also improved as reported by gait dynamic index (p<0.001). The Current study suggested lumbarmobilization to be effective in improving gait in stroke survivors.
Model-based risk-oriented robust systems design with object-process methodology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce and demonstrate ROSE – risk-oriented systems engineering, a new approach that integrates risk aspects with system analysis, modelling and design. ROSE is designed to improve the integration and coordination of system design and risk management by fusing robust design paradigms with risk analytic techniques in a model-based environment. While system design and risk management are two critical systems engineering processes, their integration is loose, because too often systems engineers and risk analysts use different semantics, techniques, and tools. This unfortunate disconnects renders risk management efforts detached from system design and management. Object-process methodology (OPM) is a bimodal visual and textual conceptual modelling language and an emerging ISO Standard (19450) for system modelling and design. Making use of OPM, ROSE integrates risk identification, modelling, analysis, mitigation, and control aspects into the robust system design process, and later into system deployment, configuration, and management. Using a commercial airliners defence system against shoulder missiles as a case in point, we demonstrate the principles and benefits of ROSE in risk-oriented systems.
Combined Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of an Intramural Gastric Abscess Secondary to a Large Pancreatic Rest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Pancreatic rest (PR) is a well-described entity. Intramural gastric abscess has been reported in association with gastric tumors. We present a case of a large previously asymptomatic intramuscular PR becoming symptomatic secondary to abscess formation. A 39-year-old female presented with 3 days of fever, chills, and epigastric pain. Her past medical history was unremarkable. On exam her temperature was 99.1 F, BP 107/64, and pulse 111. Abdominal exam revealed epigastric tenderness. hemoglobin was 13.4, and white blood cells 25. CT scan of the abdomen with IV contrast revealed a 5-cm mass in gastric wall along the lesser curvature partially enhancing but centrally hypodense (Figure 1). An EGD revealed an 8-cm submucosal lesion with central ulceration partially obstructing the antrum, consistent with a submucosal tumor. The abscess was unroofed using the “well” biopsy technique resulting in drainage of thick white exudate. The mucosal defect was dilated to 8-mm using a CRE balloon to facilitate drainage. Aspirates revealed Strep oralis. Post-procedure the abdominal pain resolved, white blood cells returned to normal, and fever resolved. The patient completed 10 days of antibiotics. Echocardiogram was negative for endocarditis. Subsequent EUS revealed an intramural, sub-epithelial 4 x 3 cm hypoechoic mass arising from the muscularis propria (MP). Biopsies showed fragments of smooth muscle tissue with negative C-KIT and CD-34, suggestive of a leiomyoma. Due to its location deep in the MP, treatment required surgical wedge resection. Histopathological exam revealed a large PR within the MP. Pancreatic rest arises during rotation of the foregut where fragments of the pancreas separate from its main body and deposit into ectopic sites. PR is typically small and asymptomatic, found in 2-15% of autopsies, often in the antrum. Previous case reports of large intragastric PR describe bleeding, obstruction, and malignant transformation. Our case was unusual in that a large PR presented as a gastric abscess. Intramural gastric abscess has been reported with gastric tumors, foreign body ingestion, gastric surgery, and by contiguous spread. This is a novel case of a large previously asymptomatic intramuscular PR becoming symptomatic secondary to abscess formation which was drained endoscopically prior to definitive surgery.Figure 1
Difference in the photocurrent of semiconductor photodiodes depending on the polarity of current measurement through a contribution from the photoemission current

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When using semiconductor photodiodes in the VUV, photoelectrons emitted from the photodiode surface form an additional current circuit when electrons reach a vacuum chamber wall surrounding the photodiode. In the case where the rear electrode of the photodiode is grounded, and hence the sensing terminal of an electrometer is connected to the front electrode, the electrometer measures the superimposed current, that is, the photocurrent internally generated in the p–n junction plus the photoemission current. Experiments done for diffusion-type silicon photodiodes and Schottky-type GaAsP photodiodes in the wavelength range from 50 nm to 200 nm show that the photoemission contribution has peaks of about 10% and 25%, respectively, of the internal photocurrent at around 100 nm for both without an extraction voltage. Therefore, for precise measurements of semiconductor photodiode photocurrents, the sensing terminal of an electrometer should be connected to the rear electrode of a photodiode to avoid any contribution from the photoemission current.
Prediction and Explanation in Historical Natural Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In earlier work (<cross-ref type="bib" refid="B9">Cleland [2001]</cross-ref>, [2002]), I sketched an account of the structure and justification of ‘prototypical’ historical natural science that distinguishes it from ‘classical’ experimental science. This article expands upon this work, focusing upon the close connection between explanation and justification in the historical natural sciences. I argue that confirmation and disconfirmation in these fields depends primarily upon the explanatory (versus predictive or retrodictive) success or failure of hypotheses vis-à-vis empirical evidence. The account of historical explanation that I develop is a version of common cause explanation. Common cause explanation has long been vindicated by appealing to the principle of the common cause. Many philosophers of science (e.g., Sober and Tucker) find this principle problematic, however, because they believe that it is either purely methodological or strictly metaphysical. I defend a third possibility: the principle of the common cause derives its justification from a physically pervasive time asymmetry of causation (a.k.a. the asymmetry of overdetermination). I argue that explicating the principle of the common cause in terms of the asymmetry of overdetermination illuminates some otherwise puzzling features of the practices of historical natural scientists. <l type="tab"><li> 1 Introduction </li><li> 2 The Methodology of Historical Natural Science </li><li> 3 Justification in Historical Natural Science <l type="tab"><li> 3.1 Prediction </li><li> 3.2 Adequate historical explanations are not potential predictions </li><li> 3.3 The centrality of common cause explanation </li></l> </li><li> 4 Common Cause Explanation and the Asymmetry of Overdetermination <l type="tab"><li> 4.1 The priority of common cause over separate causes explanations </li><li> 4.2 The threat of information degrading processes </li></l> </li></l>
The Development and Evaluation of the Mayers' Lifestyle Questionnaire (2)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Mayers' Lifestyle Questionnaire (2) is a client-centred tool which enables people with enduring mental health problems to identify and prioritise issues affecting their quality of life. It was developed following requests from occupational therapists working in community mental health teams. This article briefly describes how the tool was developed and then describes the main study used to evaluate the Mayers' Lifestyle Questionnaire (2). Eighty-three occupational therapists from around the United Kingdom offered to take part in the study. The results are from data returned by 33 occupational therapists and 75 clients. The occupational therapists and the clients were positive overall in their comments. Three occupational therapists in the study worked with people with brain injury rather than with clients with enduring mental health problems and, having seen and used the tool, they stated that it would prove suitable for some of their clients. The evaluation has led to minor changes being made to the Mayers' Lifestyle Questionnaire (2).
Tax Allocation Bonds in California

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Implementation of federally assisted urban renewal projects requires the local public agency to find some means of financing the local one-third share. California has created the tax allocation financing concept which permits limited use of property tax revenues to accomplish this. Such financing is usually accomplished through the sale of tax allocation bonds. This article describes these bonds and the manner in which the tax allocation process operates. The primary feature is that they are issued without voter approval. The article next reviews the 20 yr of California experience with this method and illustrates it with an analysis of the Park Center Project, a slum clearance project in downtown San Jose, Calif. The article concludes with a review of tax reform measures that may affect future use of the method in California and may require amendments to the California law.
Materials Data on InAs by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

InAs is SC16 CuCl, stable at 5GPa structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pa-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. In3+ is bonded to four equivalent As3- atoms to form corner-sharing InAs4 trigonal pyramids. There are one shorter (2.65 Å) and three longer (2.73 Å) In–As bond lengths. As3- is bonded to four equivalent In3+ atoms to form corner-sharing AsIn4 trigonal pyramids.
Q-Learning Based Joint Energy-Spectral Efficiency Optimization in Multi-Hop Device-to-Device Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In scenarios, like critical public safety communication networks, On-Scene Available (OSA) user equipment (UE) may be only partially connected with the network infrastructure, e.g., due to physical damages or on-purpose deactivation by the authorities. In this work, we consider multi-hop Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in a hybrid infrastructure where OSA UEs connect to each other in a seamless manner in order to disseminate critical information to a deployed command center. The challenge that we address is to simultaneously keep the OSA UEs alive as long as possible and send the critical information to a final destination (e.g., a command center) as rapidly as possible, while considering the heterogeneous characteristics of the OSA UEs. We propose a dynamic adaptation approach based on machine learning to improve a joint energy-spectral efficiency (ESE). We apply a Q-learning scheme in a hybrid fashion (partially distributed and centralized) in learner agents (distributed OSA UEs) and scheduler agents (remote radio heads or RRHs), for which the next hop selection and RRH selection algorithms are proposed. Our simulation results show that the proposed dynamic adaptation approach outperforms the baseline system by approximately 67% in terms of joint energy-spectral efficiency, wherein the energy efficiency of the OSA UEs benefit from a gain of approximately 30%. Finally, the results show also that our proposed framework with C-RAN reduces latency by approximately 50% w.r.t. the baseline.