jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computer Assisted Analysis System of Electroencephalogram for Diagnosing Epilepsy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automation of Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis can significantly help the neurologist during the diagnosis of epilepsy. During last few years lot of work has been done in the field of computer assisted analysis to detect an epileptic activity in an EEG. Still there is a significant amount of need to make these computer assisted EEG analysis systems more convenient and informative for a neurologist. After briefly discussing some of the existing work we have suggested an approach which can make these systems more helpful, detailed and precise for the neurologist. In our proposed approach we have handled each epoch of each channel for each type of epileptic pattern exclusive to each other. In our approach feature extraction starts with an application of multilevel Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on each 1 sec non-overlapping epochs. Then we apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the effect of redundant and noisy data. Afterwards we apply Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify these epochs as Epileptic or not. In our system a user can mark any mistakes he encounters. The concept behind the inclusion of the retraining is that, if there is more than one example with same attributes but different labels, the classifier is going to get trained to the one with most population. These corrective marking will be saved as examples. On retraining the classifier will improve its classification, hence it will tries to adapt the user. In the end we have discussed the results we have acquired till now. Due to limitation in the available data we are only able to report the classification performance for generalised absence seizure. The reported accuracy is resulted on very versatile dataset of 21 patients from Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH) and 21 patients from Children Hospital Boston (CHB) which have different number of channel and sampling frequency. This usage of the data proves the robustness of our algorithm.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Urethroplasty: A Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Urethroplasty is a highly effective surgical treatment for urethral stricture disease. While overall complication rates are low, surgical site infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent the most common complications. Due to the prolonged need for catheterization following reconstruction, many urologists place patients on extended antibiotic prophylaxis postoperatively. However, antibiotic stewardship is important given the risks of antibiotic overuse including opportunistic infections and the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms. There are currently no established guidelines for the management of antibiotics for patients undergoing urethroplasty, specifically with regard to postoperative prophylaxis through the time of foley catheter removal. In this review, we examine the current literature regarding antibiotic prophylaxis and urethroplasty. Research has shown no clear benefit for extended antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing symptomatic urinary tract infections or stricture recurrence. This is congruent with evidence from other urologic procedures requiring indwelling catheters and/or stents including radical prostatectomy, hypospadias repair, and pyeloplasty. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to further understand the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on both urethroplasty outcomes and its broader impact on recurrent UTIs and microbial resistance.
An Open-Source COVID-19 CT Dataset with Automatic Lung Tissue Classification for Radiomics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a dramatic impact on society and healthcare systems. In this complex scenario, lung computerized tomography (CT) may play an important prognostic role. However, datasets released so far present limitations that hamper the development of tools for quantitative analysis. In this paper, we present an open-source lung CT dataset comprising information on 50 COVID-19-positive patients. The CT volumes are provided along with (i) an automatic threshold-based annotation obtained with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and (ii) a scoring provided by an expert radiologist. This score was found to significantly correlate with the presence of ground glass opacities and the consolidation found with GMM. The dataset is freely available in an ITK-based file format under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The code for GMM fitting is publicly available, as well. We believe that our dataset will provide a unique opportunity for researchers working in the field of medical image analysis, and hope that its release will lay the foundations for the successfully implementation of algorithms to support clinicians in facing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tolerating Untrustworthy Robots: Studying Human Vulnerability Experience within a Privacy Scenario for Trust in Robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Focusing on human experience of vulnerability in everyday life interaction scenarios is still a novel approach. So far, only a proof-of-concept online study has been conducted, and to extend this work, we present a follow-up online study. We consider in more detail how human experience of vulnerability caused by a trust violation through a privacy breach affects trust ratings in an interaction scenario with the PEPPER robot assisting with clothes shopping. We report the results from 32 survey responses and 11 semi-structured interviews. Our findings reveal the existence of the privacy paradox also for studying trust in HRI, which is a common observation describing a discrepancy between the stated privacy concerns by people and their behavior to safeguard it. Moreover, we reflect that participants considered only the added value of utility and entertainment when deciding whether or not to interact with the robot again, but not the privacy breach. We conclude that people might tolerate an untrustworthy robot even when they are feeling vulnerable in the everyday life situation of clothes shopping.
Project of rotating carbon high-power neutron target. Research of graphite properties for production of high intensity neutron source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Results of MPG-class graphite properties research are presented. It is experimentally tested, that this kind of material can operate at high temperature conditions that are required for high power neutron target operation. The method of lifetime estimation is proposed. It is shown, that this material can stand under high temperature up to a few thousand hours.
Two Improved and Simplified Methods for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyproline.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo Improved and Simplified Methods for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydroxyproline.Imanuel. Bergman and Roy. LoxleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 12, 1961–1965Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60205a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60205a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2352Altmetric-Citations1118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Services for Substance Abusers in a Changing Health Care System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many managed care plans may need to modify their coverage to address substance abusers' multidimensional physical, mental, and social problems. Such adjustments are particularly important for public sector clients whose addiction-related problems are typically more severe than those of private sector patients. Data from a sample of 161 medical emergency, primary care, mental health, and substance abuse treatment programs in Dade County, Florida, reveal highly varied perceptions of managed care. They illustrate that the relevance of provider organization ownership, type of services, and populations served for behavioral managed care analysis. Further implications are the need to provide “wrap-around” or enabling services and to coordinate care for substance abusers to avoid displacement of responsibility for critical aspects of their care onto overwhelmed “safety net” agencies.
Gold Nanoparticle-Functionalized Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Fiber Biosensor: In Situ Detection of Thrombin With 1 n·M Detection Limit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present an optical fiber biosensor that employs both long-range and localized surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) to sensitively detect very small changes in the resonances due to the surrounding refractive index. A tilted optical fiber Bragg grating inscribed in standard single-mode fiber couples light into the fiber's cladding, where it induces micrometer-scale SPRs in a 50-nm-thick gold coating. The limit of detection of the targeted protein, thrombin, is enhanced by resonance between the long-range SPRs and localized SPRs induced in 13-nm-diameter gold nanoparticles bonded via aptamers to the protein molecules. The sensor demonstrates stable and reproducible response to thrombin concentration down to a limit of detection of 1 n·M, which is three orders of magnitude more sensitive than previous optical fiber protein sensors. Meanwhile, it does not require accurate temperature control because of the elimination of the temperature cross-sensitivity inherent in TFBG devices (core mode). The high sensitivity, simplicity, compact size, and remote monitoring capability of the sensor open many new opportunities for environmental, biological, and medical sensing.
Comparison of Various Hemoglobin Methods as Performed in Hospital and Physicians’ Laboratories*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comparison of Various Hemoglobin Methods as Performed in Hospital and Physicians’ Laboratories* Get access W. G. Karr, W. G. Karr From the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania and the Laboratories of the Philadelphia General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. H. Clark J. H. Clark From the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania and the Laboratories of the Philadelphia General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 11, Issue ts5_5, September 1941, Pages 127–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/11.ts5_5.127 Published: 01 September 1941 Article history Received: 31 October 1940 Published: 01 September 1941
Immuno-Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Infection, Inflammation and Oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Molecular nuclear medicine plays a pivotal role for diagnosis in a preclinical phase, in genetically susceptible patients, for radio-guided surgery, for disease relapse evaluation, and for therapy decision-making and follow-up. This is possible thanks to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals to target specific biomarkers of infection, inflammation and tumour immunology. Methods: In this review, we describe the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals for infectious and inflammatory diseases with the aim of fast and accurate diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Furthermore, we focus on specific oncological indications with an emphasis on tumour immunology and visualizing the tumour environment. Results: Molecular nuclear medicine imaging techniques get a foothold in the diagnosis of a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as bacterial and fungal infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and large vessel vasculitis, but also for treatment response in cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion: Several specific radiopharmaceuticals can be used to improve diagnosis and staging, but also for therapy decision-making and follow-up in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases where immune cells are involved. The identification of these cell subpopulations by nuclear medicine techniques would provide personalized medicine for these patients, avoiding side effects and improving therapeutic approaches.
Determination on Soluble Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+) in Soil by Ion Chromatography

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soluble Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+ in soil was determined by IC using CS12A Cation-exchange Separation,Sulfuric acid as eluent and Conductivity detector.The method was wide linear range and high sensitivity.It had good linear relationship in 0～40 mg/L.The minimum detectable concentration of Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+ in soil was 0.005、0.01、0.01、0.02 mg/kg.
How should you treat your customers? : A starting point for the social richness theory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVE	Businesses have typically been interested in ideal ways to approach and interact with customers. That is why this study proposes the “Social Richness Theory”. Prior research suggests increasing so-called social richness in B2C customer interactions can boost customers’ overall evaluation of the company and willingness to engage in word-of-mouth (WOM). It involves establishing rapport and displaying personalization in customer-company interactions to increase the perceived quality of these interactions.
METHOD	A 2x2 between subject experiment was set up by employing an online questionnaire presenting four different scenarios of an e-mail exchange involving a service failure. Outcomes were measured by asking respondents about their perceived interaction quality, their overall evaluation of the company, and their willingness to engage in WOM.
RESULTS	Results indicate that including rapport elements in an e-mail conversation caused people to be more inclined to engage in WOM and evaluate the company more favorably. However, personalization worked negatively. People perceived the interaction as less valuably, evaluated the company less favorably, and were less inclined to engage in WOM. One interaction effect was found. It indicated that the willingness to share a message on social media decreases when rapport and personalization are displayed together.
Changing life stories: how treatment affects communion by people with a personality disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Social relations with others, including feelings of unity, solidarity and attachment (communion), are a fundamental part of humans’ everyday lives and necessary for personal growth and wellbeing. This study investigates the life stories of patients with personality disorders in order to compare their (positive and negative) schemes of social experiences before and after a cognitive-behavioral clinical treatment. The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent treatment is related to positive changes in patients’ life stories of their social experiences.
Methods: In order to evaluate the various manifestations of the theme communion in the patients’ life stories, a qualitative analysis was conducted. For the qualitative analysis, a codebook was developed, using a deductive and an inductive approach. By means of the codebook and the software program Atlas.ti (8), it was analyzed whether the quality of the theme communion changed during treatment. A paired samples t-test was conducted to analyze whether the differences of the main codes of communion before and after the treatment are significant.
Results: The theme communion is present in the life stories in various manifestations.
The patients mention in their stories experiences concerning the presence of others, the feeling of being attached to others and to interact with empathy (presence of communion). Moreover, the patients also mention experiences concerning a lack of others and attachments (absence of communion) and traumatic experiences. Patients also mention experiences with “too much” communion. It is striking that the content of the life stories, written after treatment, is more future-oriented and self-referential, compared to the stories written before treatment. In addition, the patients attribute diverse meanings to their experiences with communion. Based on the results of the quantitative analysis, it can be concluded that there are no significant changes during the treatment in the presence of communion, absence of communion and too much communion in the life stories of the patients.
Conclusions: Using the narrative approach to evaluate the theme communion in life stories is an appropriate way to analyze whether dysfunctional (interpersonal) schemes of patients changed during treatment. The results of this study can be used to encourage the patients to draw attention to their different (negative and positive) schemes they can have about social relations, in order to foster a more positive attitude towards themselves and others. Additional studies are needed to investigate the differences between the life stories and the theme communion of healthy persons and those with a personality disorder.
Expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 in patients with allergic rhinitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis and IFN-γ, IL-12. METHODS The expression of IL-12 was detected by in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 37 patients with allergic rhinitis and 12 control samples. IFN-γ was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The positive ratios of IL-12 in PBMC were 0.13±0.03 and 0.77±0.15 in allergic rhinitis group and control group respectively. The concentrations of IL-12 were (13.7±2.4 ) pg/L and (52.9±8.4 ) pg/L in allergic rhinitis group and control group respectively. The concentrations of IFN-γ were (11.2±2.1 ) pg/L and (51.8 ±6.4) pg/L in allergic rhinitis group and control group respectively. CONCLUSION The down-regulation of IL-12 and IFN-γ was related to allergic rhinitis, and hyper-function of Th2 cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
On the probability of a Condorcet winner among a large number of alternatives

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider $2k-1$ voters, each of which has a preference ranking between $n$ given alternatives. An alternative $A$ is called a Condorcet winner, if it wins against every other alternative $B$ in majority voting (meaning that for every other alternative $B$ there are at least $k$ voters who prefer $A$ over $B$). The notion of Condorcet winners has been studied intensively for many decades, yet some basic questions remain open. In this paper, we consider a model where each voter chooses their ranking randomly according to some probability distribution among all rankings. One may then ask about the probability to have a Condorcet winner with these randomly chosen rankings (which, of course, depends on $n$ and $k$, and the underlying probability distribution on the set of rankings). In the case of the uniform probability distribution over all rankings, which has received a lot of attention and is often referred to as the setting of an "impartial culture", we asymptotically determine the probability of having a Condorcet winner for a fixed number $2k-1$ of voters and $n$ alternatives with $n\to \infty$. This question has been open for around fifty years. While some authors suggested that the impartial culture should exhibit the lowest possible probability of having a Condorcet winner, in fact the probability can be much smaller for other distributions. We determine, for all values of $n$ and $k$, the smallest possible probability of having a Condorcet winner (and give an example of a probability distribution over all rankings which achieves this minimum possible probability).
Imitation of Touching Dangerous Animals Triggers Motor Inhibition in a Primed Target Grasping-Categorization Task

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present study adopted a primed target grasping-categorization task and selected pictures of animals as target stimuli to investigate whether motor inhibition influences the motor interference effect of dangerous animals. The results identified more positive P2 and P3 amplitudes accompanied by larger delta event-related synchronization in the dangerous condition than in the neutral condition, suggesting that compared to neutral animal targets, dangerous animal targets attracted increased attentional resources in early processing and that subjects recruited more cognitive resources to process dangerous animal targets than neutral animal targets. Moreover, the results identified larger theta event-related synchronization (reflecting motor inhibition) in the dangerous condition than in the neutral condition. Thus, the results suggested that prepared motor responses were inhibited to avoid touching dangerous animal targets in the current task, supporting that motor inhibition influences the motor interference effect of dangerous animals based on a primed target grasping-categorization task.
THE ROLE OF AROMATASE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of work – improving the efficiency of treating endometriosis by clarifying some aspects of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Objectives of the study – determining the expression of aromatase in atopicescom and ectopic endometrium, to identify the relationship of polymorphisms in the aromatase gene and gems of detoksikatsii to optimize the ingenious treatment of patients with endometriosis.Materials and methods. Definition of polymorphic gene variants of CYP19 was assessed by PCR with specific oligoprimers with subsequent restriction analysis.Results: the Expression of aromatase in the studied forms of endometriosis is positively correlated with the stage of disease. The "zero" variant of the gene GSTМ associated with pelvic pain of varying intensity, as well as recurrent forms of the disease (χ2 =of 8.78; p<0.05), which is important in the prediction of the clinical course of the disease. By gene GSTT1 any difference in the groups, as well as links with clinical manifestations of endometriosis was obtained.Conclusion. Detection of positive expression of aromatase in the ectopic foci, and also in the endometrium atopicescom when adenomiose (58%) and external endometriosis (80%), its relationship with stage distribution of the disease and the severity of pain allows us to consider this enzyme as a promising for the diagnosis and development of new approaches to the treatment of endometriosis with aromatase inhibitors. The study of associated gene polymorphisms of the aromatase CYP19 and detoxification GSTM can be recommended as a prognostic test for assessing the risk of development and prognosis the clinical course of endometriosis.