jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of spore germination of some Isoetes species of northeastern North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Germination of megaspores and microspores of five Isoetes species is described. Under laboratory conditions spore samples were subjected to cold, cool, and warm temperatures for 12 weeks to establish the role of these conditions on the subsequent percent germination and the rate of germination. It was found that taxa with higher chromosome numbers (decaploid, I. macrospora; tetraploids, I. tuckermanii and I. riparia) showed higher overall megaspore germination in the 70-day test period, for both cold and control samples. Microspore samples under the same temperature regimes had higher overall germination amongst tetraploid species. Results also showed that I. macrospora and I. tuckermanii megaspores germinated without a cold pretreatment, while I. acadiensis, I. riparia, and I. echinospora required a cold period to germinate. Microspore samples of I. echinospora (diploid) did not need to be treated with cold to germinate but the rate and final percent of germination was greatly increased if the spores were subjected to cold first. Isoetes riparia microspores required a cold period for germination while those of I. tuckermanii and I. macrospora did not. The cold period served to delay germination of microspores of both of these species during the cold period and also for some days afterwards. The germination data on both types of spores in these laboratory conditions showed interesting time correlations of behaviour between the microspores and megaspores of each species.
Federated Learning for Protecting Medical Data Privacy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning is one of the most advanced machine learning techniques, and its prominence has increased in recent years. Language processing, predictions in medical research and pattern recognition are few of the numerous fields in which it is widely utilized. Numerous modern medical applications benefit greatly from the implementation of machine learning (ML) models and the disruptive innovations in the entire modern health care system. It is extensively used for constructing accurate and robust statistical models from large volumes of medical data collected from a variety of sources in contemporary healthcare systems [1]. Due to privacy concerns that restrict access to medical data, these Deep learning techniques have yet to completely exploit medical data despite their immense potential benefits. Many data proprietors are unable to benefit from large-scale deep learning due to privacy and confidentiality concerns associated with data sharing. However, without access to sufficient data, Deep Learning will not be able to realize its maximum potential when transitioning from the research phase to clinical practice [2]. This project addresses this problem by implementing Federated Learning and Encrypted Computations on text data, such as Multi Party Computation. SyferText, a Python library for privacy-protected Natural Language Processing that leverages PySyft to conduct Federated Learning, is used in this context.
A family of thermostable fungal cellulases created by structure-guided recombination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SCHEMA structure-guided recombination of 3 fungal class II cellobiohydrolases (CBH II cellulases) has yielded a collection of highly thermostable CBH II chimeras. Twenty-three of 48 genes sampled from the 6,561 possible chimeric sequences were secreted by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterologous host in catalytically active form. Five of these chimeras have half-lives of thermal inactivation at 63 °C that are greater than the most stable parent, CBH II enzyme from the thermophilic fungus Humicola insolen s, which suggests that this chimera collection contains hundreds of highly stable cellulases. Twenty-five new sequences were designed based on mathematical modeling of the thermostabilities for the first set of chimeras. Ten of these sequences were expressed in active form; all 10 retained more activity than H. insolens CBH II after incubation at 63 °C. The total of 15 validated thermostable CBH II enzymes have high sequence diversity, differing from their closest natural homologs at up to 63 amino acid positions. Selected purified thermostable chimeras hydrolyzed phosphoric acid swollen cellulose at temperatures 7 to 15 °C higher than the parent enzymes. These chimeras also hydrolyzed as much or more cellulose than the parent CBH II enzymes in long-time cellulose hydrolysis assays and had pH/activity profiles as broad, or broader than, the parent enzymes. Generating this group of diverse, thermostable fungal CBH II chimeras is the first step in building an inventory of stable cellulases from which optimized enzyme mixtures for biomass conversion can be formulated.
Predicting long-term survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base: assessment of evolving treatment strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base has evolved with concomitant chemoradiation replacing surgery ± radiotherapy for advanced stages of disease. This study examines 10-year treatment outcomes in this patient population over the time-span of the changing treatment paradigm. Methods: A cohort of 290 patients was followed for 3442 months (median15 months). Survival analysis was done using Kaplan- Meier curves and log-rank test for comparing sub-groups. Cox’s proportional hazard models were used to determine the predictors of 10-year survival after treatment. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 62.2 years (SD=12.4 years), 79.7% were males, and 86.4% had Stage III or IV disease at presentation. The overall median survival time was 16 months (95% CI=9.5, 22.5 months) with 23% of patients surviving the 10-year period. The 10-year disease specific and disease free survival was similar at 30 and 31 months respectively. Survival varied significantly (P< 0.05) with stage of disease on presentation. Survival probability at 10 years was 37% for stage I disease and 26%, 28% and 23% for stages II -IV respectively. Patients younger than 65 years had better overall survival when compared to those 65 or more: 29% versus 14%, respectively (P<0.0001). Similarly, females had better 10-year survival as compared to males, 31% vs. 21%, respectively; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.10). A lateral location of the tumor had a better survival outcome when compared to a midline location of (27% or 28% versus 9%, P<0.0025). With univariate analysis 10-year survival of 54% was observed with chemoradiation, and 45% for surgey+radiotherapy (P<0.0001). Multivariate models demonstrated an independent effect of stage, gender, age, and initial treatment modality on overall survival. Treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy reduced the risk of death over 10 years by 89% (HR=0.11; 95% CI=0.1, 0.2; P<0.0001) and surgery + radiotherapy reduced the risk of death over 10 years by 87% (HR=0.13; 95% CI=0.1, 0.2; P<0.0001). Conclusion: Independent of cancer stage, gender, and age, treatment modality predicts 10-year survival of patients with base of tongue cancer. Similar survival is observed following chemoradiation and surgey+radiotherapy.
Lipid Transport and Fatty Liver in Protein-Deficient Rats

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Single electron reduction is more challenging for sulfamoyl chlorides than sulfonyl chlorides. However, sulfamoyl and sulfonyl chlorides can be easily activated by Cl-atom abstraction by a silyl radical with similar rates. This latter mode of activation was therefore selected to access aliphatic sulfonamides, applying a single-step hydrosulfamoylation using inexpensive olefins, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, and photocatalyst Eosin Y. This late-stage functionalization protocol generates molecules as complex as sulfonamide-containing cyclobutyl-spirooxindoles for direct use in medicinal chemistry.
Diffusion and intermembrane distance : case study of avidin and E-cadherin mediated adhesion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We present a biomimetic model system for cell-cell adhesion consisting of a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) adhering via specific ligand-receptor interactions to a supported lipid bilayer (SLB). The modification of in-plane diffusion of tracer lipids and receptors in the SLB membrane due to adhesion to the GUV is reported. Adhesion was mediated by either biotin-neutravidin (an avidin analogue) or the extracellular domains of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin (Ecad). In the strong interaction (biotin-avidin) case, binding of soluble receptors to the SLB alone led to reduced diffusion of tracer lipids. From theoretical considerations, this could be attributed partially to introduction of obstacles and partially to viscous effects. Further specific binding of a GUV membrane caused additional slowing down of tracers (up to 15%) and immobilization of receptors, and led to accumulation of receptors in the adhesion zone until full coverage was achieved. The intermembrane distance was measured to be 7 nm from microinterferometry (RICM). We show that a crowding effect due to the accumulated receptors alone is not sufficient to account for the slowing downan additional friction from the membrane also plays a role. In the weak binding case (Ecad), the intermembrane distance was about 50 nm, corresponding to partial overlap of the Ecad domains. No significant change in diffusion of tracer lipids was observed upon either protein binding or subsequent vesicle binding. The former was probably due to very small effective size of the obstacles introduced into the bilayer by Ecad binding, whereas the latter was due to the fact that, with such high intermembrane distance, the resulting friction is negligible. We conclude that the effect of intermembrane adhesion on diffusion depends strongly on the choice of the receptors.
Comment on essd-2023-154

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The Varve Database (VARDA) was launched in 2020 and aimed to establish a community database for annually-resolved chronological archives with their associated high-resolution proxy records. This resource would support reproducibility through accessible data for the paleoclimate and modelling communities. In this paper, we used VARDA to assemble an extensive dataset of European tephra geochemical data and metadata to enable the synchronisation of varve records during the Last Glacial Interglacial Transition (here defined as 25 ka BP to 8 ka BP). Geochemical data from 49 known individual tephra layers across 19 varve lake records have been included, with Lago di Grande Monticchio being the single biggest contributor of geochemical data with 28 tephra layers. The Vedde Ash and Laacher See tephra are the most common layers being found in 6 different varve records and highlights the potential of refining the absolute age estimates for these tephra layers using varve chronologies and for synchronising regional paleoclimate archives. This is the first stage in a 5 year plan funded by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Data Stewardship Scholarship to incorporate a global dataset of tephra geochemical data in varve records. Further stages of this project will focus on different regions and timescales.
Short patches of outliers, ARCH and volatility modelling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The (Generalized) AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity [(G)ARCH] model is tested for daily data on 22 exchange rates and 13 stock market indices using the standard Lagrange Multiplier [LM] test for GARCH and a LM test that is resistant to patches of additive outliers. The data span two samples of five years ranging from 1986 to 1995. Using asymptotic arguments and Monte Carlo simulations, in which the empirical method is evaluated, it is shown that patches of outliers can have significant effects on test outcomes. The main empirical result is that spurious GARCH is found in about 40% of the cases, while in many other cases evidence of GARCH is found even though such sequences of extraordinary observations seem to be present. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Improving the Quality of Hotel Feasibility Studies: Evaluating Potential Opportunities for Hotel Development and Acquisition in University Towns

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Hotel developers and purchasers searching for new opportunities have been advised to consider hotels in university towns because, among other reasons, universities provide a stable source of lodging demand. This study analyzes the performance and stability since 1990 of hotels in 27 cities dominated by a major university. This study finds that lodging demand in university towns is more stable than U.S. averages. This study also evaluates factors that lodging feasibility analysts should consider when studying proposed hotel development or acquisition in markets dominated by a university. Significant predictors of lodging demand include city employment and population trends, as would be expected. Interestingly, university grant funding and graduate student population also should be considered by feasibility analysts because of their strong predictive capability. The results of this study may be generalizable for analysts evaluating university-related lodging demand in general, not just in university towns.
Vicia faba L. IG 11314

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Vicia faba L.
Common name(s): Faba bean, Fababean, Fababeanvetch
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 11314
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1972-10
Other identifiers: n/a,ILB 120, n/a,NEB 120
Historical: No
Biological status: Other
MLS status: Included
Essays on Investments in New Technologies --- Policy, Information, and Learning

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The general theme of this dissertation is investment in new technologies, with a focus on the impact of policy, information, and learning. The first essay investigates the impacts of the waivable biofuel mandates on investment in cellulosic biofuel refineries. This essay contributes to the understanding of waivable mandates by specifying conditions under which even a waivable mandate can stimulate investment in cellulosic biofuel refineries. Focusing on wheat markets, the second essay estimates (1) growers' willingness to pay for a new technology that can segregate wheat grain after measuring grain protein concentration, (2) the new technology's impacts on U.S. wheat markets, and (3) the technology's market prospect. The third essay studies optimal investments in two lines of research activities under uncertainties of climate change and research outcomes. These two lines of research activities are (1) research to mitigate the possible negative impact of climate change; and (2) research to investigate the true impact of climate change.
Soil moisture levels and their relation to water potentials of cotton leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Simultaneous measurements of volumetric water content (?) in the soil profile by neutron scattering (NP), time domain refiectometry (TDR), and tensiometers (TENS), and leaf water potential (LWP) were carried out in a commercial cotton field under semi-arid conditions. The good correlation between averaged ? values by TENS and TDR suggests that the preferred TDR technique can replace the more commonly used TENS. Slopes of the linear relations between LWP and ? increase in the order NP&lt;TDR&lt;TENS This order may be explained by the combination of the ‘sphere-of-influence’ soil volume and the specific property of the water molecules sensed by the particular measuring technique.
On String theory on deformed BTZ and $T\bar{T} + J\bar{T} + T\bar{J}$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Aspects of superstring theory on black-strings backgrounds, corresponding to deformed BTZ black holes, formed near $k$ $NS5$ branes by $p$ fundamental strings, and single-trace $T\bar T+J\bar T+T\bar J$ holography, are presented. It is shown that for a particular asymptotic value of the $B$-field, the excitation energy of a long string plus its contribution to the energy of the black hole is that in $T\bar T+J\bar T+T\bar J$ deformed $CFT_2$ with $c=6k$. The excitation energy of a winding $w>1$ long string plus its contribution to the background, a $w/p$ fraction of the black-hole energy, evolves according to that in a $Z_w$ twisted sector of a $p$-fold symmetric product of the latter.
A Sarcocystis Species from Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) with Great Tit (Parus major) as Intermediate Host

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary. Dne hundred and seventy five passerine birds from the Czech Republic were examined for the presence of sarcosporidia; auly 5 (all great tits) were positive for muscle cysts. Three great tits experimentally fed sporocysts (12.2 x 8.4, 11-13 x 7.5-9 !lm) from a goshawk developed cysts while 2 house sparrows (Passerdomesticus)were not infected. The cysts from great tits muscles were morphological1ysimilar to thosefoundin natural infections.The thin-walledcysts containedbanana-shapedcystozoites6.9 x 1.8(5.9-8.5x 1.3-2.3)!lm in size.The natural life cycle of this Sarcocystis species involves goshawks and great tits. The relation of this species to S. accipitris is discussed.
Frogs of Australia (1.0) [Mobile application software]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Frogs of Australia is a comprehensive electronic field guide app to Australian frogs, available for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch (with an Android version on the way). Species profiles include high-resolution photographs, distribution maps, description of key characters, similar species, conservation, calls, and more. \n \nWritten and produced by Conrad Hoskin, Gordon Grigg, David Stewart, and Stewart Macdonald, the guide is constantly evolving and will be updated as new species are described. The guide includes introductory sections on frequently asked questions about frogs and frog biology, plus diagrams of anatomical features used to identify frogs. \n \nThe advent of the smartphone has revolutionised the creation of field guides. Not only can you fit essentially unlimited photos, maps, and text in your pocket, but you can also take call recordings into the field with you and use them to help you identify the frogs you can hear. In addition, GPS hardware provides location-aware filtering, enabling you to restrict your search results to only those species you are within range of. \n \nFeature overview: \n \n-Profiles for all 238 Australian species, including detailed descriptions and distribution maps. \n \n-Over 1200 high resolution images from some of Australia's best wildlife photographers. \n \n-Over 700 frog call sound clips, with oscillograms and spectrograms to visualise call structure. \n \n-Most species have multiple photos, showing subspecies, colour and pattern variation, habitat, and more. \n \n-Can generate a species list for your current location using your device's GPS hardware (if present). \n \n-Will highlight your current location on the distribution map. \n \n-Universal app for iPhone, iPad, iPad mini and iPod touch. \n \n-Fully self-contained – no network connection is needed. \n \n-Android version is on the way – stay tuned! \n \nA free lite version is also available so you can check it out before upgrading to the full version.
Maher El-Kady

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Maher El-Kady is on a mission to reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels. To do so, he wants to build what he calls a "wonder battery" to power unprecedented numbers of electric vehicles. "To speed up adoption of electric cars, we need batteries that hold enough charge to provide a long driving range, can be recharged quickly, and have a long life," he says. "But they have to be safe—really safe—and affordable too." El-Kady thinks the key to making batteries with those specifications is a unique form of graphene and a simple way of synthesizing it. He discovered this process as a chemistry graduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he now holds a position as a research professor. And today he's making lithium-ion batteries with the material at Nanotech Energy , a start-up he cofounded and where he serves as chief technology officer. "Maher is
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A GLAZED SOLAR COLLECTOR/REGENERATOR OPERATED UNDER A HUMID CLIMATE

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The performance of a glazed solar collector/regenerator (C/R) for an open-cycle absorption solar cooling system using aqueous lithium chloride solution as the working fluid was tested at Kaohsiung, Taiwan under a humid climate. The results indicate that the peak system efficiency is 15.2% and the day-average efficiency is 14.1%. The effects of parameters on the C/R performance are studied, and the non dimensional correlations for heat and mass transfer were given.
Factors Affecting Green Purchase Behavior of Bangladeshi Consumers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The severe environmental pollution and its harmful effects on mankind are intensely due to the unsustainable consumption of products and services supplied by the business firms. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the green purchase behavior of ecofriendly products. The study is of exploratory in nature and focuses on hypothesis testing using structured questionnaire and interviews. Structured questionnaire is used to collect primary data from a sample size of hundred respondents in convenience sampling methods. The survey population represents the people who go for shopping; data have also been collected from the point of purchase of the shopping malls and other places. The Likert Scale question with five-scale rating was used to do the hypothesis testing. The questions included closed ended questions related to the green consumer behavior. The research explored that environmental attitude, perceived seriousness of environmental problems and government initiatives are the significant factors predicting the green consumer behavior in Bangladesh. Thus the government should play a proactive role in educating consumers as well as supporting green initiatives of business houses with extended cooperation and enforcement of policy actions.
Hierarchical Cache Consistency in WAN (Extended Abstract)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Jian Yin, Lorenzo Alvisi, Mike Dahlin, Calvin Lin Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Abstract This paper explores ways to provide strong consistency for Internet applications scaling to millions of clients. We make four contributions. First, we identify the ways in which specific characteristics of data-access workloads affect the scalability of cache consistency algorithms. Second, we define two primitive mechanisms, split and join for growing and shrinking hierarchies. We show how these primitives can be implemented with a simple mechanism already present in a protocol for strong consistency that we have previously proposed. Third, we describe and evaluate policies for using split and join to address the fault tolerance and performance challenges of hierarchies. Finally, we compare various algorithms for maintaining strong consistency in a range of hierarchy configurations. We evaluate our algorithms using simulations. 1 Introduction To prevent the ra...