jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hormones in Rice Spikelets in Responses to Water Stress during Meiosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The stage of meiosis is the most stress-sensitive period of reproduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the under- lying biochemical mechanism is poorly understood. This study was to investigate whether and how plant hormones are involved in the regulation of spikelet sterility when subjected to water stress during meiosis. Two rice cultivars, Han A-3 (HA-3, drought-resistant) and Wuyujing 7 (WY-7, drought-susceptible), were used and subjected to well-watered (WW) and wa- ter-stressed (WS) treatments during meiosis (15?2 d before heading). Leaf water potentials of both cultivars markedly decreased during the period as a result of WS treatment, but panicle water potentials remained constant. The percentage of sterile spikelets in WS plants was increased by 48.5 to 50.9% for WY-7, whereas only by 12.6 to 12.8% for HA-3. Concentrations of zeatin + zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins (GA1 + GA4) in spikelets showed no significant differences either between the WW and WS treatments or between the two cultivars. Abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid were all enhanced in spikelets by the water stress, with more enhanced for ethylene than for ABA in WY-7, whereas elevated ABA bal- anced ethylene production in HA-3. The spikelet sterility was significantly reduced when amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis) or ABA was applied to the panicles of WS plants at the early meiosis stage. Application of ethephon (an ethylene-releasing agent) or fluridone (an inhibitor of ABA synthesis) had the opposite effect. The results suggest that antagonistic interactions between ABA and ethylene may be involved in mediating the effect of water stress that affects spikelet fertility. A higher ratio of ABA to ethylene would be a physiological trait of rice adaptation to water stress.
Patterns of Synchrony in Neural Networks with Spike Adaptation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We study the emergence of synchronized burst activity in networks of neurons with spike adaptation. We show that networks of tonically firing adapting excitatory neurons can evolve to a state where the neurons burst in a synchronized manner. The mechanism leading to this burst activity is analyzed in a network of integrate-and-fire neurons with spike adaptation. The dependence of this state on the different network parameters is investigated, and it is shown that this mechanism is robust against inhomogeneities, sparseness of the connectivity, and noise. In networks of two populations, one excitatory and one inhibitory, we show that decreasing the inhibitory feedback can cause the network to switch from a tonically active, asynchronous state to the synchronized bursting state. Finally, we show that the same mechanism also causes synchronized burst activity in networks of more realistic conductance-based model neurons.
Motion perceptual learning: Only task-relevant stimulus information is learned

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Motion perceptual learning had been found with task-irrelevant motion stimuli. We further investigated this phenomenon using two motion tasks. In coherence detection, the precise motion direction of coherent dots was not critical. In direction discrimination, however, coherence detection was necessary to discriminate subtle motion directions. By using these highly similar, supra-threshold stimuli and closely related tasks, we hypothesized that task-irrelevant, direction-discrimination learning had the best chance in the detection task. The discrimination task served as a control because coherence-detection learning was expected in this task. Method: two random-dot motion stimuli were presented, one without coherent dots, the other with a certain proportion of coherent dots moving along one of two possible directions. Pointed along the two's average direction was an uneven cross, serving as the fixation. In detection, participants identified the coherent stimulus. In discrimination, they determined whether the directional difference between the coherent motion and fixation was clockwise. The detection psychometric curve was measured as a function of coherence, with a constant directional difference of ±8°. The discrimination psychometric curve was measured as a function of directional difference, with detection coherence at 95% correct. Participants were trained with either task. For detection training, the coherence was maintained at 80% correct by staircase while the directional difference was at the pre-training, 80% correct threshold; and vice versa for discrimination training. After eight days' training, psychometric curves were re-measured. Participants trained with discrimination improved on both discrimination and detection psychometric measurements; whereas those trained with detection improved only on detection, but not discrimination.
Incidence, Long-Term Outcomes, and Healthcare Utilization of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex From 1992–2015

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Despite the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to develop late-stage complications including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC), and death. Methods We performed an observational retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected adults who developed DMAC in the Duke University Health System from 1992 to 2015 to determine the incidence, long-term outcomes, and healthcare utilization of this population at high risk for poor outcomes. Findings were stratified by the “pre-cART” era (before January 1, 1996) and “post-cART” thereafter. Results We identified 330 adult HIV-infected patients newly diagnosed with DMAC, the majority (75.2%) of whom were male and non-Hispanic black (69.1%), with median age of 37 years. Incidence of DMAC declined significantly from 65.3/1000 in 1992 to 2.0/1000 in 2015, and the proportion of females and non-Hispanic blacks was significantly higher in the post-cART era. The standardized mortality ratios for DMAC patients who received cART were 69, 58, 27, 5.9, and 6.8 at years 1–5, respectively, after DMAC diagnosis. For patients diagnosed with DMAC in 2000 or later (n = 135), 20% were newly diagnosed with HIV in the 3 months preceding presentation with DMAC. Those with established HIV had a median time from HIV diagnosis to DMAC diagnosis of 7 years and were more likely to be black, rehospitalized in the 6 months after DMAC diagnosis, and die in the long term. Conclusions Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex continues to be a lethal diagnosis in the cART era, disproportionately afflicts minority populations, and reflects both delayed entry into care and failure to consistently engage care.
[Radiofrequency catheter ablation autonomic nerve injury]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between RFCA catheter cumulative energy and autonomic nerve injury. METHODS: Forty-one patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were enrolled, Patients were excluded if they had Diabetes, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure or other organic heart disease. HRV and biochemical markers were measured before and after the RFCA. RESULTS: Compared with pre-ablation values,there was significantly decrease in post-ablation low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF). This was noted in both the septal group (AVNRT and septal pathway) and free wall group (free wall accessory pathway).Post-procedure,the sensitivity of cardiac troponin I(cTnI) for myocardial injury detection was 58.3%, AST was 41.7%. This was significantly higher than other markers(CK:4.2%, CK-MB:10.4%, LDH:20.8%). The post-ablation sensitivity of cTnI was 54.2%, 6.3% and 52.1%at 1 hour, 12 hours, and 24 hours respectively. A significant correlation between cumulative energy and delta HF(r=0.688,P=0.01) or delta LF (r=0.462, P<0.05).was noted in free wall group.(delta HF=pre-ablation HF-post-ablation HF/pre-ablation HF x 100%). There was no significant correlation between biochemical markers and either delta HF or delta LF. CONCLUSION: RFCA induced injury on cardiac autonomic nerves related to both cumulative energy and ablation site,but not size of myocardial injury as determined by cTnI measurement. cTnI is an excellent biochemical marker of myocardial injury.
Spatiotemporally Controlled Release of Etamsylate from Bioinspired Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Arrests Bleeding Rapidly and Improves Clot Stability in a Rabbit Internal Hemorrhage Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Achieving rapid clotting and clot stability are important unmet goals of clinical management of noncompressible hemorrhage. This study reports the development of a spatiotemporally controlled release system of an antihemorrhagic drug, etamsylate, in the management of internal hemorrhage. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles, with high affinity to bind with the GPIIa/IIIb receptor of activated platelets, were loaded with the drug etamsylate (etamsylate-loaded GRGDS peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles; EGCSNP). Peptide conjugation was confirmed by LCMS, and the delivery system was characterized by DLS, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. In vitro study exhibited 90% drug release till 48 h fitting into the Weibull model. Plasma recalcification time and prothrombin time tests of GRGDS-functionalized nanoparticles proved that clot formation was 1.5 times faster than nonfunctionalized chitosan nanoparticles. The whole blood clotting time was increased by 2.5 times over clot formed under nonfunctionalized chitosan nanoparticles. Furthermore, the application of rheometric analysis revealed a 1.2 times stiffer clot over chitosan nanoparticles. In an in vivo liver laceration rabbit model, EGCSNP spatially localized at the internal injury site within 5 min of intravenous administration, and no rebleeding was recorded up to 3 h. The animals survived for 3 weeks after the injury, indicating the strong potential of the system for the management of noncompressible hemorrhage.
STEM Learning Based on Aircraft Design: An Interdisciplinary Strategy Developed to Science Clubs Colombia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes a STEM learning strategy based on aircraft design in order to promote the development of aeronautical science in Colombia. This teaching strategy was developed by specialized instructors from the Science Clubs Colombia program, seeking to stimulate in young Colombian students their passion for science, technology, and innovation, and in the process, create an international network of academic collaborations. Bloom’s taxonomy was used to classify and select both the educational objectives, as well as the teaching plan of the science club. STEM activities that encourage students to perform hands-on learning experiences were the basis of this framework. Essentially, interdisciplinary activities involving aeronautics, electronics, computational simulations, and technical drawing; characterized this science club. As a result, the students were able to design, manufacture and test their own hand-launched air-model, applying all steps of the scientific method: the conception of ideas, design, execution of experiments, and communication of results. After the first flight tests of the air-models, the students disclosed an ability to apply their mathematics knowledge in conjunction with their science learning on the forces of flight, in order to improve their launching technique. Therefore, both the time and range of the air-models were enhanced. Finally, both students and instructors benefited throughout the learning interaction, since it was the first time that a rural community is the scenario of an aeronautical engineering training process. It is expected that the dissemination of this material will contribute to the Colombian aeronautical community, giving outlooks for new research proposals and cooperation frameworks between government entities and universities.
School of Nursing, Umuahia , Abia State Nursing Form 2024–(2025) Admission Form Is Out ☎ 08143870581☎Or 08143870581 DR Afolabi Rotimi, The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales 08143870581 of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;School of Post Basic Midwifery, Gezawa&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;,Kano State Nursing Form 2024&ndash;(2025) Admission Form Is Out ☎️ 08143870581☎️Or 08143870581 DR Afolabi Rotimi, The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales (08143870581)of the general Nursing Admission form into the School of Nursing&lt;/p&gt;
Thick and anisotropic D″ layer beneath Antarctic Ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Waveform modeling and travel times analyses of S, ScS and SKS phases recorded at the broad‐band permanent station SYO in the Antarctic are used to determine the shear wave velocity structure and transverse isotropy in the D″ layer beneath the Antarctic Ocean. The SH wave structure has a discontinuity with the velocity increase of 2.0% at 2550 km. The SV structure is similar to PREM model. The magnitude of the anisotropy is highest at the top of D″ layer and lowest at the core‐mantle boundary. The D″ layer beneath the Antarctic Ocean is significantly thicker than those beneath Alaska and the Caribbean Sea. We attribute this anisotropic D″ layer to paleo‐slab materials. The subduction in and around the Antarctic Ocean has started ∼180 Ma and is the one of the oldest in the world. It has provided a large amount of the slab materials in the lowermost mantle.
CLIPPER: Compression enables long-context synthetic data generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

LLM developers are increasingly reliant on synthetic data, but generating high-quality data for complex long-context reasoning tasks remains challenging. We introduce CLIPPER, a compression-based approach for generating synthetic data tailored to narrative claim verification - a task that requires reasoning over a book to verify a given claim. Instead of generating claims directly from the raw text of the book, which results in artifact-riddled claims, CLIPPER first compresses the book into chapter outlines and book summaries and then uses these intermediate representations to generate complex claims and corresponding chain-of-thoughts. Compared to naive approaches, CLIPPER produces claims that are more valid, grounded, and complex. Using CLIPPER, we construct a dataset of 19K synthetic book claims paired with their source texts and chain-of-thought reasoning, and use it to fine-tune three open-weight models. Our best model achieves breakthrough results on narrative claim verification (from 28% to 76% accuracy on our test set) and sets a new state-of-the-art for sub-10B models on the NoCha leaderboard. Further analysis shows that our models generate more detailed and grounded chain-of-thought reasoning while also improving performance on other narrative understanding tasks (e.g., NarrativeQA).
Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reactions Using Machine Learning Techniques

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 vaccination helps protect people from getting the virus. Some people show up normal signs from the vaccine, which indicates that their body is building protection. However, adverse effects on people could cause long-term health problems. Severe allergic reactions, Myocarditis, and Pericarditis appeared in the vaccinated people that have been reported to the (FDA/CDC) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). In fact, other possible effects are still being studied in clinical trials. In the present work, the adverse reactions caused by Covid-19 vaccines of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and JJ Johnson & Johnson manufacturers are studied. Specifically, the supervised machine learning approach is utilized to discriminate body reactions against the vaccine and provide a decision-making model for the vaccine recipients. The model study and analyze the recipients’ reactions whether they showed mild, moderate, or severe acute syndromes to reduce the fatality rates. To validate our model, a dataset of more than 52k records with 18 informative attributes provided by VAERS has been utilized, and three supervised learning algorithms have been implemented in Python which are Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Naïve Bayes to conduct two experiments. A simple splitting percentage method was performed in the first one, while a k-Folds Cross-validation technique was used in the second experiment with k=5. The model showed a promising result with stable performance in both experiments, the Decision Tree outperformed other algorithms with a predictive rate of 0.91999 in the first experiment, and 0.91369 in the second one.
Characterisation and control of Curvularia lunata infecting farmer-saved rice seeds in Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Curvularia species are increasingly important seed-borne fungi, whose identification has been done based solely on cultural and morphological features in Ghana. To confirm the identity of the fungus in Ghana, isolates of the fungus obtained from farmer-saved rice seeds were identified using cultural and morphological features, complemented with phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of isolates. The susceptibility of isolates to three plant based fungicides, Levo, Kobe and Ex-icute was determined with in-vitro and in-vivo. All isolates produced curved shaped spores with several septations. In the phylogram, they all clustered in the C. lunata clade, confirming their C. lunata species status. All isolates were susceptible to the three organic fungicides and seeds treated with the three fungicides reduced fungal infection percentage. For safer environmental practices, these plant based fungicides are recommended for rice seed treatment.
The effect of sugar‐free chewing gum on plaque and clinical parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature on the clinical effects of sugar‐free chewing gum on plaque indices and parameters of gingival inflammation. Material and methods The MEDLINE ‐ P ub M ed, C ochrane‐ CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched up to 20 A pril 2012 to identify any appropriate studies. Plaque indices and parameters of gingival inflammation were selected as outcome variables. Results An independent screening of the 594 unique titles and abstracts identified six non‐brushing and four brushing studies that met the eligibility criteria. In the non‐brushing studies, the use of chewing gum did not significantly affect the parameters of interest. In the descriptive analysis of the brushing studies, four of five comparisons showed a statistically significant effect in favour of the sugar‐free chewing gum with respect to plaque scores. The meta‐analysis for the Q uigley & H ein ( J Am Dent Assoc 1962; 65: 26) plaque index scores in the brushing studies also showed a significant difference ( D iffM −0.24, 95% CI [−0.41; −0.08]). For bleeding tendency, the descriptive analysis showed that one of the two comparisons identified a significant difference in favour of chewing gum. The meta‐analysis, however, did not substantiate this difference. Conclusion Within the limitations of this systematic review, it may be concluded that the use of sugar‐free chewing gum as an adjunct to toothbrushing provides a small but significant reduction in plaque scores. Chewing sugar‐free gum showed no significant effect on gingivitis scores. In the absence of brushing, no effect on plaque and gingivitis scores could be established.
[Solitary plasmacytoma of spine: a clinical, radiologic and pathologic study of 13 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Correlation of clinical, radiologic and pathologic features is important in diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma of spine. The possibility of multiple myeloma needs to be excluded. Early detection by radiologic examination, local surgical resection, post-operative chemoradiotherapy and long-term follow-up are prudent for successful management of this condition.
Establishment and Application of Specific InDel Markers on Different Linkage Groups of Cabbage Compared with Chinese Cabbage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 458 InDel markers derived from 9 linkage groups of cabbage were screened on four cabbage and four Chinese cabbage varieties by PCR amplification. The results showed that 286 InDel markers were specific on cabbage compared with Chinese cabbage,31 of them on linkage group C01,45 of them on linkage group C02,54 of them on linkage group C03,24 of them on linkage group C04,22 of them on linkage group C05,20 of them on linkage group C06,32 of them on linkage group C07,34 of them on linkage group C08,and 24 of them on linkage group C09. The inbred progeny of one Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line developed by our laboratory was identified preliminarily by specific InDel markers on linkage group C02. The physical location of exogenous cabbage chromosome fragment was in the 689 764 bp region from the 18 096 729 bp to 18 786 494 bp.
Fungal Growth Response to Thermal Gradients in Convection Incubators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is obvious similarity between the urediniospores described and the characteristic aeciospores of the genus, especially in spore wall color and markings, and pore number and position. True peridial cells are not present but the stalked colorless cells described, but not designated, have thick hyaline walls and coarse sculpturing suggestive of peridial cells. These characters support a proposal that the uredinia have their origin in roestelia in spite of their parasitizing the telial host. The presence of the hyaline cells; the rare teliospores and presence of mesospores all indicate that the species is unstable and probably in a state of active evolution. Gaumann refers to and illustrates thick-walled urediniospores as amphispores and suggests them as a possible means of overwintering. These have not been seen in the Canadian material. The uredinia of G. gaeumannii ssp. albertensis are small and easily overlooked.