jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Profile of Crude Protein Tyrosine Kinase on Plasma Membrane of Merino Sheep Spermatozoa Using the Method of SDS-Page (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The research aims to find out profile of crude protein tyrosine kinase on plasma membrane of Merino sheep spermatozoa. The research used fresh semen sample collected using artificial vagina technique, next it was centrifuged to separate spermatozoa from seminal plasma. Then, spermatozoa (pellet) was isolated. After obtaining spermatozoa isolate, analysis on protein tyrosine kinase using SDS-PAGE method was conducted. The method to analyze protein using SDS-PAGE to separate protein based on molecular weight. Analysis on molecular weight was conducted by comparing result of isolate tapes with protein marker tapes. Running on SDS-PAGE gel isolate protein plasma membrane of Merino sheep spermatozoa in the research resulted in 13 protein tapes with average molecular weights of 115.44 kDa; 95.78 kDa; 78.22 kDa; 69.02 kDa; 62.33 kDa; 53.72 kDa; 40.56 kDa; 30.74 kDa; 21.16 kDa; 13.67 kDa; 10.85 kDa; 9.49 and 8.07 kDa kDa. From this result, the second tape with the molecular weight of 95.78 kDa was believed to be protein tyrosine kinase tape however it needs to be confirmed further using Western Blot method.Keywords: tyrosine kinase, membrane of Merino sheep spermatozoa , SDS-PAGE
Dominique Collon. First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. 208 pages, 968 illustrations. 1987. London: British Museum Publications; ISBN 0-7141-1121-X hardback £25.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dominique Collon. First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. 208 pages, 968 illustrations. 1987. London: British Museum Publications; ISBN 0-7141-1121-X hardback £25. - Volume 62 Issue 235
Dual-Stage Turbocharger Matching and Boost Control Options

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Diesel engines are gaining in popularity, penetrating even the luxury and sports vehicle segments that have traditionally been strongly favored gasoline engines as the performance and refinement of diesel engines have improved significantly in recent years. The introduction of sophisticated technologies such as common rail injection (CRI), advanced boosting systems such as variable geometry and multi-stage turbocharging, and exhaust gas after-treatment systems have renewed the interest in Diesel engines. Among the technical advancements of diesel engines, the multi-stage turbocharging is the key to achieve such high power density that is suitable for the luxury and sports vehicle applications. Single-stage turbocharging is limited to roughly 2.5 bar of boost pressure. In order to raise the boost pressure up to levels of 4 bar or so, another turbocharger must be connected in series further multiplying the pressure ratio. The dual-stage turbocharging, however, adds system complexity, and the matching of two turbochargers becomes very costly if it is to be done experimentally. This study presents a simulation-based methodology for dual-stage turbocharger matching through an iterative procedure predicting optimal configurations of compressors and turbines. A physics-based zero-dimensional Diesel engine system simulation with a dual-stage turbocharger is implemented in SIMULINK environment, allowing easy evaluation of different configurations and subsequent analysis of engine system performance. The simulation program is augmented with a turbocharger matching program and a turbomachinery scaling routine. The configurations considered in the study include a dual-stage turbocharging system with a bypass valve added to the high pressure turbine, and a system with a wastegate valve added to a low-pressure turbine. The systematic simulation study allows detailed analysis of the impact of each of the configurations on matching, boost characteristics and transient response. The configuration with the bypass valve across high pressure turbine showed better results in terms of both steady state engine torque and transient behavior.
Enterprise Architecture management challenges in the Norwegian health sector

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is instrumental to align ICT and business strategy, and many organizations carry out substantial efforts to implement EA. It is therefore seen as imperative to drive the digital strategy, identifying innovative new business models and technologies, and realizing more business value of technology investments. However, recent work suggest that it is a challenging task to implement enterprise architecture in an organization. This study explores the implementation of enterprise architecture (EA) in the Norwegian health sector. We found a number of challenges that impeded the process toward a common EA: unclear enterprise architecture roles, ineffective communication, low EA maturity and commitment, and complicated EA tools. These challenges were traced to three root causes: the ambiguity of the EA concept, difficult EA terminology and the complexity of EA frameworks.
siRNAs generated by recombinant human Dicer induce specific and significant but target site-independent gene silencing in human cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA interference has emerged as a powerful tool for the silencing of gene expression in animals and plants. It was reported recently that 21 nt synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specifically suppressed the expression of endogenous genes in several lines of mammalian cells. However, the efficacy of siRNAs is dependent on the presence of a specific target site within the target mRNA and it remains very difficult to predict the best or most effective target site. In this study, we demonstrate that siRNAs that have been generated in vitro by recombinant human Dicer (re-hDicer) significantly suppress not only the exogenous expression of a puromycin-resistance gene but also the endogenous expression of H-ras, c-jun and c-fos. In our system, selection of a target site is not necessary in the design of siRNAs. However, it is important to avoid homologous sequences within a target mRNA in a given protein family. Our diced siRNA system should be a powerful tool for the inactivation of genes in mammalian cells.
PSI-15 Determining the molecular mechanism through which estradiol and trenbolone acetate improve skeletal muscle growth in beef cattle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Approximately 90% of beef cattle on feed in the United States receive an anabolic implant during production, which results in increased growth, efficiency, and economic return to producers. However, the molecular mechanism through which these anabolic implants operate to improve skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism through which estradiol (E2) and trenbolone acetate (TBA) improve skeletal muscle growth in beef cattle and to specifically understand whether E2 and/or TBA function by modulating transcription. To address this, bovine satellite cells (BSC) were isolated from three different backgrounded steers and grown in culture. Once cultures reached 75% confluency they were treated with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 nM E2 or 10 nM TBA. In an additional experiment, all previously listed treatments were given in addition to actinomycin D (AD, a non-specific inhibitor of transcription). Treatment with E2 or TBA increased proliferation (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to a 1% FBS control. Furthermore, treatment with E2 or TBA in the presence of AD increased proliferation (P &lt; 0.01) when compared to cultures treated with just AD. These results indicate that TBA and E2 are both capable of increasing proliferation of BSC cultures through non-transcriptional mechanisms. Future work will identify the TBA and E2 signaling pathways that affect muscle growth and don’t involve changes in gene transcription.
A study of the Malpighian tubules of the plecopteran nymph Paragnetina media (Walker) (Plecoptera: Perlidae) by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study concerns the structural details of the Malpighian tubules in the nymph of the stonefly Paragnetina media. There is no external segmentation except for a distal short hyaline segment. The tubules are composed of two cell types: primary and stellate. Primary cells in the proximal and middle portions of the tubule have short infoldings of the basal membrane and the cytosol is packed with laminate spheres. Cells of the distal segment possess long and tightly packed membrane folds but are devoid of laminate spheres. The stellate cells are sparsely distributed in the middle region and make up 12% of the total cell population in the Malpighian tubule; they lack laminate spheres. Long processes of the stellate cells extend between adjacent primary cells to the luminal and outer surfaces of the tubule.
Trends and predictors of HIV-positive community attachment among PLWHA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Communities most affected by HIV/AIDS have been instrumental in shaping Australia's responses to the threat of the epidemic. There are recent signs that levels of engagement in communities based around HIV-positivity have changed: a diminished sense of an AIDS crisis, the relative success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and an increasing individualization of the HIV experience may be contributing to changes in the way HIV-community is experienced. In this paper, we explore levels of engagement in HIV-positive community among a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and seek to explain why some PLWHA engage in an HIV-positive community while others do not. Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that three factors were independently related to feeling part of an HIV-positive community: having been diagnosed with HIV prior to the advent of HAART; having more recently taken Bactrim or Septrin for PCP; and finding it easier to take 'pills' on time. Taken together, these results suggest that both historical effects, such as the introduction of HAART, and effects related to living with HIV, such as the experience of an AIDS-related illness, help explain HIV-positive community engagement among PLWHA.
Canada Reaching Out? A Study of Collaboration between Canada and the Emerging Economies in Health Biotechnology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation discusses research on Canada’s collaboration with emerging economies, specifically Brazil and India, in the field of health biotechnology. In recent years Canada has shown interest in engaging with emerging economies including Brazil and India in S&T fields. However, little is known about the levels and characteristics of such collaboration. Without greater understanding of this phenomenon it is difficult to inform public policy on how to best encourage collaboration. In this dissertation, the levels of Canada-emerging economies research and entrepreneurial collaboration are gauged. The motivations driving Canada-emerging economies research as well as entrepreneurial collaboration, its challenges and outcomes are examined. The roles of wider institutional actors – funding agencies, intellectual property experts, regulators, etc – in both Canada and the two emerging economies that support international collaboration are analyzed. The research reveals that north-south collaboration in health biotechnology has the potential to lead to a wide range of scientific and commercial benefits for both partners. They include access to expertise, technologies, biodiversity, as well as increasing potential to publish in high impact journals. The benefits are mutual. Northern academics and entrepreneurs are not necessarily in a dominant position in the partnerships, thus contradicting stereotypical notions of partners in north-south relationships. The systems of innovation conceptual framework is useful to uncover how institutions in both the north and the south shape S&T collaboration, and also to develop multi-pronged policy approaches to promote such partnerships and mitigate risks. The framework enables moving away from a donor-recipient, linear model of S&T interactions between the north and the south, and towards conceptualizing north-south collaboration as complex interplay of two innovation systems.
Nurses' knowledge Regarding Noninvasive Positive Pressure in Acute Respiratory Failure

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is becoming more common in treating acute respiratory failure, it shortens hospital stays, time spent in the intensive care units, morbidity, and mortality.This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge regarding non-invasive positive pressure in acute respiratory failure.A descriptive cross-sectional research design was applied at the emergency departments of Hail General Hospital and King Khaled Hospital in Saudi Arabia.A convenient sample consisted of all available nurses who agreed to participate in the study (males & females) were recruited (68 nurses).Nurses' knowledge was evaluated using a self-administered online questionnaire developed by the researchers.Results revealed that reveals that, the studied nurses had satisfactory knowledge scores as regards to definition, benefits, nursing roles, purposes, and side effects of non-invasive positive pressure (NIPV).However, they had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding indications and modes.The study results concluded that (69.1%) of the nurses had overall total satisfactory knowledge scores regarding NIPV.The development of evidence-based clinical guidelines and protocols is recommended.
A Review on the Corrosion and Fatigue Failure of Gas Turbines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since gas turbines are used in airplanes, ship engines and power plants, they play a significant role in providing sustainable energy. Turbines are designed for a certain lifetime according to their operating conditions and the failure mechanisms they deal with. However, most of them experience unexpected and catastrophic failure as a result of synergistic effects of more than one damage mechanism. One of the main causes of failure in turbines is corrosion fatigue, which results from the combination of cyclic loads and corrosive environments. In the current review paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the damages related to corrosion and fatigue in turbines such as fatigue corrosion, hot corrosion and oxidation, thermomechanical fatigue, emphasizing their synergistic effect. In this regard, the mechanism of fatigue crack initiation and growth in a corrosive environment is also taken into consideration. Moreover, a summary of the results reported in the literature regarding the influence of the loading conditions, characteristics of the corrosive environment and properties of the turbine materials on this failure is presented. Finally, common methods of dealing with corrosion fatigue damage, including surface treatment and cathodic protection, are briefly reviewed.
Interclonal gradient of virulence in the P seudomonas aeruginosa pangenome from disease and environment

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The population genomics of P seudomonas aeruginosa was analysed by genome sequencing of representative strains of the 15 most frequent clonal complexes in the P . aeruginosa population and of the five most common clones from the environment of which so far no isolate from a human infection has been detected. Gene annotation identified 5892–7187 open reading frame ( ORFs ; median 6381 ORFs ) in the 20 6.4–7.4 M bp large genomes. The P . aeruginosa pangenome consists of a conserved core of at least 4000 genes, a combinatorial accessory genome of a further 10 000 genes and 30 000 or more rare genes that are present in only a few strains or clonal complexes. Whole genome comparisons of single nucleotide polymorphism synteny indicated unrestricted gene flow between clonal complexes by recombination. Using standardized acute lettuce, G alleria mellonella and murine airway infection models the full spectrum of possible host responses to P . aeruginosa was observed with the 20 strains ranging from unimpaired health following infection to 100% lethality. Genome comparisons indicate that the differential genetic repertoire of clones maintains a habitat‐independent gradient of virulence in the P . aeruginosa population.
Hubungan Penyesuaian Diri Dengan Stres Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Yang Mengambil Mata Kuliah Proposal Skripsi

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this study are: (1) to see how high the level of self-adjustment is experienced by students who take thesis proposal courses, (2) to see how high the level of academic stress experienced by students who take thesis proposal courses is, (3) to find out whether there is a relationship between self-adjustment and academic stress in students, (4) to identify items on the self-adjustment scale and academic stress scales that are not optimal (low), So that it can be proposed as a topic of classroom guidance with students. This research method uses correlational quantitative research with a total of 100 student respondents. The analysis techniques used in this study used categorization, normality test, linearity test and correlational hypothesis test. The results of this study stated that: 1) the level of self-adjustment of students who prepared thesis proposals was included in the low category with a percentage of 36% of students who were in the low category. 2) the level of academic stress in students who took thesis proposal courses was in the high category with a percentage of 43%, 3) there was a positive relationship between self-adjustment and academic stress which was of high significance with Pearson's value of -0.513 and p <.001, 4) there were 18 items on the self-adjustment scale that were included in the low category, 1 item in the very low category, and 2 items on the academic stress scale that are included in the low category.
Recent Invasion of the Endemic Banggai Cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni at The Strait of Bali: Assessment of the Habitat Type and Population Structure

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The demands of marine organisms for the aquarium trade are remain high and seems continue to increase. Consequently, many of marine organisms has been spread out from its natural habitat as in the case of endemic Banggai cardinalfish, (Pterapogon kauderni). That has invaded “new” habitat since it being trade in 1995. In recent years, a small populations of P. kauderni is known to be exist in a narrow bay near the Gilimanuk harbor, Bali. An underwater visual fish census survey was conducted on June 2018 to estimate the habitat types and densities of P. kauderni. Additionally, 23 specimens of P. kauderni were collected randomly in order to assess biological parameters such as the length-weight relationship. We successfully recorded 30 groups of P. kauderni that inhabit a shallow areas with a depth range between 0.5m to 2m. Of these, more than 90% of the groups were found to be associated with sea urchin (Diadema sp.) while the rest were found to live together with branching coral (Acropora sp.) and branching sponge (Ptylocaulis sp.). Total number of fish observed during the survey were 381 individuals. The fish density is 0.76 individu.m-2. Length-weight relationship showed that P. kauderni exhibit is negative allometry (b<3) which mean that the increase in length is faster than the weight gain. Interestingly, from the 23 specimens collected, none of these were sexually mature (SL<41 mm) which may indicated that the population of P. kauderni in Bali are under serious threats of exploitation.
Evaluating the Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Progression of Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of heart failure (HF) in the United States has been increasing for years. Many individuals, especially our older population, are ending up hospitalized, causing financial burden and worsened quality of life for our patients. HF is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death in older adults in the United States.¹ Nearly one million patients are hospitalized due to HF every year and of those, many will be readmitted within a month of discharge.⁵ The American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association (ACCF/AHA) and Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) guidelines define HF as “a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood leading to cardinal manifestations of dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention and resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intracardiac pressures at rest or during stress.”⁶ Currently, the overall 5-year survival following the diagnosis of HF has been reported as approximately 50%.⁶ The management of HF is focused on the use of multiple medications including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. When medication alone isn’t effective enough, patients with an ejection fraction equal or less than 35%, device usage such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators are considered. In addition to these treatments, many cardiologists recommend patients begin following a particular diet, such as the Mediterranean diet. It has been proved that the adherence to the Mediterranean diet is a useful tool in primary prevention of HF. However, since millions of Americans are already diagnosed with HF, it would be worth investigating if the same diet can be useful to prevent worsening of an already diagnosed HF. This diet might be helpful in slowing the progression of HF in individuals who are already being treated with the standard recommendations. It has been noted that if a patient has heart disease, their risk of future cardiovascular events may decrease by 72% with a Mediterranean diet and by 47% with exercise. ⁷ These outcomes can be noted through various mechanisms that will be discussed in this article, including decreasing obesity, hypertension, inflammation, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. These are known risk factors for worsening HF due to the increased strain they put on the heart. Learning more about the impact of diet on the bodies of those with HF, medical providers will expectantly feel more comfortable encouraging patients to focus on healthy living to slow progression of HF and decrease overall mortality risk.
VOLATILITY MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO OPTIONS PRICING AND RISK MANAGEMENT.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We look at various volatility models and their applications. Starting from a basic linear GARCH model we proceed to more advanced linear GARCH models involving leverage effects and asymmetry. We also look at some examples of non-linear GARCH models such as TGARCH, smooth transition GARCH and NNGARCH. ML estimation technique is considered. Some applications to options pricing and risk management are presented. Next we turn our attention to discrete and continuous stochastic volatility models. Filtering techniques such as Kalman filter, particle filter are presented and estimation approaches based on filtering as well as efficient method of moments are elaborated on in details. Finally we take a look at the implied volatility surface and some ways of its estimation.