jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Learn or Die: Using Science to Build a Leading-Edge Learning Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The premise that Hess (2014) makes in Learn or Die is the compelling need for both people and organizations to learn as a means of survival.Through the book's captivating title, Learn or Die instantly draws the reader to reflect on the importance of learningand to ponder as to whether it truly is a life or death matter.The author makes the case that the rapid advances in technology and changes to society makes it imperative for survival to grow and learn at both the individual and the organization levels.Thus, the aim of the book is to synthesize a multiple of research across numerous disciplines to answer two questions, "How does one become a better and faster learner?" and "How does one build an organization that is more adaptable and learns better and faster than the competition?"(Hess, 2014).Learn or Die is divided into two major sections.Part One, "The Science of Learning" forms the bulk of text; roughly two-thirds of the total content is found in these first eight chapters.In the first portion of the book, the author provides an overview of numerous studies found in books and articles published over the past decade.Through this section of the book, Hess (2014) succinctly describes the learning process at the individual level based on various studies into human cognition.Also, with a benchmark on Senge's (1990) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Hess (2014) introduces the reader to more than two decades of research on the learning organization and organizational learning since Senge's seminal work was published.Part Two, "Building a Learning Organization" is comprises the final three chapters to provide real world depictions of the material introduction through three case studies.The first chapter introduces the reader to the concept of what the book describes as a "High-Performance Learning Organization (HPLO)," an organization that is composed of the right people, learning environment and the right process.The second chapter describes the functionality of the brain and the human mind learns.Those familiar with psychological terms of such as "System 1" and "System 2," made popular by Kahneman's (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow, will likely find this chapter to TLO 28,
5-HT2a receptor pathway in oligodendrocytedifferentiation: its involvement in Multiple Sclerosispathogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease affecting the neurons of brain and spinal cord. In chronic MS lesions oligodendrocytes (the myelin synthesizing cells) precursor cells (OPCs) accumulate with loss of mature OLs, suggesting a differentiation block of OPCs. In MS patients during the active phase of the disease (pousse) the disruption of the blood brain barrier can allow serum antibodies and other molecules to reach the CNS, producing demyelination. Here we demonstrate that IgGs, isolated from MS patients during the acute phase, inhibit PMA-induced differentiation of OPCs by reducing the expression of the OLs differentiation markers in the human OL cell line, MO3-13. In a more specific setting, we found that IgGs from MS patients inhibit differentiation driven by P-ERK activation, The identification of a putative receptor targeted by IgGs present in the biological fluids of MS patients will pave the way to dissect the ERK1/2-dependent signalling pathway leading to demyelination in MS.
Effects of Temperature and Ethylene on Papaya (Carica Papaya L.. Cv Sunset) Ripening

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Temperatures at or higher than 30°C adversely affected the marketability of papayas. Papayas stored at 32.5°C for 10 days failed to ripen normally as evidenced by poor color development, abnormal softening, surface pitting, off-flavor, and a higher susceptibility to decay. The rates of fruit ripening were slow at 17.5° and 20°C. Thus, the optimal temperature range from 22.5° to 27.5°C was used to establish the time-temperature relationship for papaya ripening. Skin yellowing and softening of papayas exhibited a quadratic response to ripening time within the optimal ripening range. Flesh color development of non-cold-stored fruit did not change significantly during the first six days, then rapidly increased; while that of cold-stored fruit exhibited a quadratic response for each ripening temperature. Ethylene hastened papaya ripening rate uniformly during ripening with or without cold storage. However, ethylene could not ripen immature papaya completely in terms of skin and flesh color development. Papayas treated with ethylene for 30 and 48 hrs did not show significant difference in fruit quality about one day after ethylene treatment (90 to 130 ppm). Cold-stored papayas exhibited faster ripening rate, e.g. de-greening, softening and flesh color development. Cold storage also reduced the severity of retardation on papaya ripening caused by high temperature, 32.5°C.
Pulsations of Three Rapidly Oscillating Ap Stars TIC 96315731, TIC 72392575, and TIC 318007796

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We analyze the frequencies of three known roAp stars, TIC 96315731, TIC 72392575, and TIC 318007796, using the light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. For TIC 96315731, the rotational and pulsational frequencies are 0.1498360 day −1 and 165.2609 day −1 , respectively. In the case of TIC 72392575, the rotational frequency is 0.25551 day −1 . We detect a quintuplet of pulsation frequencies with a center frequency of 135.9233 day −1 , along with two signals within the second pair of rotational sidelobes of the quintuplet separated by the rotation frequency. These two signals may correspond to the frequencies of a dipole mode. In TIC 318007796, the rotational and pulsational frequencies are 0.2475021 day −1 , 192.73995 day −1 , and 196.33065 day −1 , respectively. Based on the oblique pulsator model, we calculate the rotation inclination i and magnetic obliquity angle β for the stars, which provide the geometry of the pulsation modes. Combining the phases of the frequency quintuplets, the pulsation amplitude and phase modulation curves, and the results of spherical harmonic decomposition, we conclude that the pulsation modes of frequency quintuplets in TIC 96315731, TIC 72392575, and TIC 318007796 correspond to distorted dipole mode, distorted quadrupole mode, and distorted dipole mode, respectively.
Novel probability neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel probability neural network (PNN) that can classify the data for both continuous and categorical input data types. A mixture model of continuous and categorical variables is proposed to construct a probability density function (PDF) that is the key part for the PNN. The proposed PNN has two advantages compared to conventional algorithms such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. One is that the PNN can produce better results compared to the MLP neural network when the input data set includes both continuous and categorical data types, even using the normalised input variables. Normally, the normalised input variables generate a better result than the non-normalised input variables for the MLP neural network. The second advantage is that the PNN does not need the cross-validation data set and does not produce over-training like the MLP neural network. These advantages have been proven in our experimental study. The proposed PNN can also be used to perform unsupervised cluster analysis. The superiority of the PNN, compared to the MLP neural network, Radical Basis Function (RBF) neural network, C4.5 and Random Forest decisions trees, are demonstrated by applying them to two real-life data sets, the Heart Disease and Trauma data sets, which include both continuous and categorical variables.
Pancreatitis-diabetes-pancreatic cancer: summary of an NIDDK-NCI workshop

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the National Institute (NCI) on Pancreatitis-Diabetes-Pancreatic Cancer focused on the risk factors of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) on the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Sessions were held on (a) an overview of the problem of PDAC; (b) CP as a risk factor of PDAC; (c) DM as a risk factor of PDAC; (d) pancreatogenic, or type 3c, DM; (e) genomic associations of CP, DM, and PDAC; (f) surveillance of high-risk populations and early detection of PDAC; and (g) effects of DM treatment on PDAC. Recent data and current understandings of the mechanisms of CP- and DM-associated factors on PDAC development were discussed, and a detailed review of the possible risks of DM treatment on the development of PDAC was provided by representatives from academia, industry, and the Food and Drug Administration. The current status of possible biomarkers of PDAC and surveillance strategies for high-risk populations were discussed, and the gaps in knowledge and opportunities for further research were elucidated. A broad spectrum of expertise of the speakers and the discussants provided an unusually productive workshop, the highlights of which are summarized in the accompanying article.
Grouping-oriented admission control strategy in LTE-A/WLAN network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the fifth generation of mobile technology (5G) is positioned to address the demands and business contexts of 2020 and beyond, many people devote themselves to explore a novel network architecture and communication solution. With the 5G springing up, the style of how people acquire, manage and engage with information will change. To meet this growing trend, a grouping-oriented admission control is proposed. The traditional heterogeneous network improves itself to realize anti-frequency networking by small base stations deployed in L-TEA and WLAN. The small base stations in one groups working in different frequency enhance the system energy efficiency. The strategy improves the quality of service users markedly. The simulation results shed light on that the admission control strategy really has a good effect on the improvement of the system performance.
EFFECTS OF RELAXATION TRAINING ON THE READING ACHIEVEMENT OF LEARNING DISABLED STUDENTS: A SERIES OF SINGLE-SUBJECT AB STUDIES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT A suitable correlation can be made to represent the simulated distillation of heavy oils starting from thennoaravimetric measurements. This method is applicable to hydrocarbons having an initial boiling point equal or greater than 200°C. The simulated thermogravimetric distillation fit was obtained from experiments with the standard compounds obtained from ASTM D-2887-83 (Boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions by gas chromatography). This method is simple, fast and without problems when applied to heavy feedstocks The data were used in the determination of average boiling temperatures of products from thermal cracking and thermal hydrocracking. It was also possible to quantify coke yields Average relative molecular masses of products from the above processes correlated well with the average boiling point temperatures. It indicates that, with respect to the hydrocarbon types, thermal cracking is not selective in comparison with thermal hydrocracking The equation applied to find the average boiling temperature is following: T = (1/al) (Ttg-a2). T is the boiling temperature, al and a2 are the correction factors, Ttg is the thermogravimetric temperature.
Future approaches for reducing motor vehicle emissions and fuel consumption

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers methods of reducing emissions and fuel consumption by changes to both vehicle design and use. Increasing pressure to simultaneously reduce vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emissions will inevitably lead to a closer optimisation of vehicle operating parameters to the driving cycles used by government authorities for emissions and fuel consumption measurement. This approach is epitomised in the engine mapping concept which is already well established overseas. The paper describes the engine mapping concept for determination of engine spark and fuel requirements to achieve mandatory emission rates and minimum fuel consumption. It is important that vehicles designed using this approach yield similar reductions in emissions and fuel consumption in the real world. An experimental study of driving cycles reported in the paper examined this correlation. This study determined that NOx and HC emissions can be reasonably well quantified by a simple expression of average speed and positive work per unit distance, while CO emissions can be well quantified by average speed alone. The study also demonstrates that, suitably normalised, the equations will predict emissions and fuel consumption for any vehicle or fleet of vehicles (a).
Smoking Cessation at the Community Pharmacy: Determinants of Success from a Real-Life Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objectives of this study are to report the contribution of pharmacists to smoking cessation and study the determinants of smoking cessation success in eight pharmacies in Portugal (south) between 2009 and 2019. A real-life study was conducted with a sample of smokers who participated in pharmacist consultations. The sample included 135 smokers (average age of 47.9 ± 1.21 years), 79 (58.5%) of whom were male. In parallel with the motivation and behavioral approach, 116 (85.9%) smokers received pharmacological therapies: 108 (80.0%) were treated with nicotine replacement products and eight (5.9%) with non-nicotine medications. The interventions resulted in 70 (51.9%) smokers complying with the quit day, of whom 59 (43.7%) were smoking-abstinent at the end of the first month. Success rates were reduced to 32.6%, 28.1%, and 20.7% at the end of the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, respectively. Smoking cessation was more successful for the participants receiving pharmacological therapies (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001) and those who participated in more pharmacist consultations (χ2 = 59.994, p < 0.001) and more telephone sessions (χ2 = 17.845, p < 0.001). Pharmacists can contribute significantly to the promotion of smoking cessation. Smokers who are more thoroughly followed up by pharmacists showed increased success rates when compared with smokers having fewer sessions with pharmacists.
Statistical Treatment of Activity and Durability of Electrocatalysts with Distributed Binding Energies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present a statistical treatment of the catalytic activity and durability of nonhomogeneous electrocatalysts that possess distributed binding energies of reaction intermediates. The treatment is simple, generic, and amenable to analytical solutions. It is revealed that the highest overall catalytic activity is obtained with a suitable level of nonhomogeneity that is commensurate with the average property. The evolution of the binding energy distribution is described by the Fokker-Planck theory. Exponential decay of the catalytic activity is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The exponential decay shows one- or two stages, depending on the initial distribution properties. The present work represents a step toward closing the gap between ideal and practical electrocatalysts using statistical considerations.
SAFE SPACE: STUDENT PERSPECTIVES ON CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on data from a survey of 121 baccalaureate and master of social work students at a western university, this study explores students' perspectives of "safe" and "unsafe" classroom environments. The majority reported that being in a safe classroom changed both what and how much they learned. Students offered a wide range of instructor, fellow student, personal, and classroom characteristics that contribute to the creation of safe and unsafe spaces. Responses about such characteristics were relatively consistent across genders, race (measured as being White or of color), and program level. Implications for social work education and research are offered.
COMPARISON OF SHOULDER PAIN, DISABILITY AND RANGE OF MOTION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH FROZEN SHOULDER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the shoulder pain, disability, and range of motion in diabetic and non-diabetic frozen shoulder (FS) patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019 on 210 clinically diagnosed patients of FS. Study included equal number (n=105) of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and non-diabetic patients, ranging in age from 35 to 65 years. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to assemble the data from various private and government hospitals of Lahore. A plastic goniometer and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) tool was used to extract data. Data was analyzed through SPSS v.21.0. RESULTS: In 210 patients with frozen shoulder, the mean age was 53±10.3 years & 48±9.9 years in DM & non-diabetic patients respectively (p=0.94). Frequency of male & female patients was 43 (40.95%) and 62 (59.05%) in diabetic group (n=105) & 38 (36.19%) and 67(63.81%) in non-diabetic group (n=105) respectively. Mean body mass index was 25.61±2.14 & 25.39±2.16 in diabetic & non-diabetic patients respectively (p=0.32). Mean SPADI score was 66.69±13.20 in diabetic and 63.34±15.01 in non-diabetic group (p=0.191). Regarding motion range at shoulder, mean degrees of flexion, external rotation, internal rotation and abduction were 103±23.07, 30±11.20, 34±11.970 & 101±25.55 in diabetic patients as compared to 113±29.61, 39±14.34, 40±15.77 & 109±33.80 in non-diabetic patients respectively (p=≤0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in severity of pain and disability in diabetic & non-diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. However, range of motion was significantly better in non-diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients having frozen shoulder.
From Urban Geodiversity to Geoheritage: The Case of Ljubljana (Slovenia)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The city of Ljubljana lies at the intersection of various geomorphological regions that have strongly influenced its spatial organization. Prehistoric settlements were built on marshland, a Roman town was built on the first river terrace of the Ljubljanica River, and in the Middle Ages a town was built in a strategic position between the Ljubljanica River and Castle Hill. The modern city absorbed all usable space between the nearby hills. This paper reviews some relief features in Ljubljana, their influence on the city’s spatial development, and urban geoheritage. The results indicate new possibilities for urban geoheritage tourism in the Slovenian capital and its surroundings.
Multidisciplinary Student Performance-Based Teaching Design for Engineering Design via a Commercial Case

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is an agreement in literature that engineering teaching and learning design should be developed on a multidisciplinary approach, in which includes design professional and non- design professionals, aiming to facilitate the graduates working with cross-disciplinary engineering issues in multi-cultural circumstance. The multidisciplinary approach for university engineering education has been implemented in a number of subjects, such as multidisciplinary laboratories for medicine education, and art education model and engineering design related subjects education. The design subjects are mainly focused on civil, architecture, product design and industrial design. There is a consensus in the literature that the multidisciplinary approach could effectively drive engineering design teaching in an efficient way. However, there limited efforts have been made to aim at improvement of multidisciplinary student performance through proper teaching design in line with students' backgrounds and learning expectations in service design via a commercial case, which is the focus of this paper.
To Grasp the Unexpected : Information Following a Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defect in the Fetus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim was to explore experiences and needs of information following a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defect, and to assess the quality of publicly available information websites about congenital heart defects. Study I was a qualitative interview study that explored experiences among 11 parents to prenatally diagnosed children. Respondents tried to grasp the facts today while reflecting on the future, and personal contact with medical specialists was valued. The analysis showed that the Web contained an overwhelming amount of information. Study II was a qualitative interview study that explored experiences among 26 females and males 5-15 weeks after a prenatal diagnosis. Respondents hunted for information in a confusing reality, with a need for information about various topics and methods for information delivery. Although high satisfaction with the specialist information was described, the information was considered overwhelming and complex. Supplemental information was sought via the Web. Insufficient information about induced abortions was described. Study III was a quantitative study that explored content and quality of 67 English websites about congenital heart defects. Few websites included information about prenatal aspects, such as pregnancy termination. The overall quality was poor, especially reliability and information about treatment choices. Study IV was a mixed methods study that explored the quality of 10 Swedish websites about congenital heart defects, from the perspectives of 9 assessors with personal experience of a prenatal diagnosis. Quantitative Likert scale assessments were followed by written open-ended questions and focus group discussions. Quantitative assessments represented unfulfilled quality criterion for treatment choices, and partially fulfilled quality criteria for appearance, details, relevance, suitability and overall quality. Websites had significantly different scores for all investigated quality criteria. Various issues were highlighted in the responses to the open-ended questions and during the discussions, including inappropriate advertisements, biased information, poor illustrations, complex language and poor trustworthiness. In conclusion, expectant parents faced with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defect in the fetus try to grasp the unexpected, an attempt that involves difficulties in relation to information. These are present during the consultation with health professionals and when searching for web-based information.
Timing Matters: How Delaying College Enrollment Affects Earnings Trajectories

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

High school graduates often delay college enrollment, but few studies have looked at the effects of this choice on their educational attainment and success in the labor market. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this paper compares the academic and labor market outcomes of high school graduates who delay college enrollment (“delayers”) and those who enroll in college immediately (“on-time enrollees”) up to 13 years after high school completion. The results show that delaying college enrollment decreases individuals’ likelihood of enrolling in college and increases their tendency to enroll in two-year colleges if they do return to school. Delayers experience early earnings benefits, but these fade out after their mid-20s and turn to significant losses over time. Differences in student characteristics only explain one third of the pay gap between delayers and on-time enrollees; 60 percent of the pay gap is explained by delayers’ reduced likelihood of attending and obtaining a degree at a four-year college.