jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling Time-dependent Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards Using Autism and Pesticide Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

O-31C7-4 Background/Aims: Flexible modeling of time-dependent effects is required when vulnerability to hazards can be expected to vary over time but the nature of this temporal dependency cannot be specified in advance. Current methods employing distributed lag models function best when the time period in question is short and the incidences of exposures and outcomes are high. Previous efforts using hierarchical Bayesian models suffered from difficulties with convergence and sampling inefficiency. To address these limitations, we formulated a Bayesian model specifying temporal vulnerability as a step function and both exposure frequency and magnitude as unknown parameters; these were updated by pooling information separately among cases and controls. Methods: We evaluated the model employing data describing maternal residential proximity to organochlorine pesticide applications among 465 subjects with autism spectrum disorders, each matched with 15 controls (total 7440). Applications occurred during 2-day intervals ranging from 300 days prior to fertilization through 699 days after (post-natal age approximately 14 months) with a mean exposure incidence of 1.3 per 1000 subject-days. Results: Autism spectrum disorders was associated with residential proximity to pesticide applications during 2 periods (all parameters are reported as posterior medians with 95% credible intervals; dates are relative to fertilization date). The first began day −36 (−130, 58) and ended day 159 (61, 257); the second began day 346 (288, 402) and ended day 531 (379, 683). Odds ratios per 10-pound increase in organochlorines were 3.1 (1.0, 9.1) and 3.2 (0.9, 9.4), respectively. Multivariate analysis, however, suggested that the former period may have appeared due to confounding with the latter period. Conclusion: This method allowed us to detect associations between hazards and outcomes without specifying temporality in advance. We were also able to quantify uncertainty in our estimates of temporal parameters.
β-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens from Tracheal Aspirates of Intensive Care Unit Patients at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Nepal

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The widespread use of tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation to support the critically ill patients increases the risk of development of tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia. This cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates producing extended-spectrum β -lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β -lactamase, and metallo- β -lactamase (MBL) from August 2011 to April 2012 at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences (NINAS), Kathmandu, Nepal. ESBL was detected by combined disk assay using cefotaxime and cefotaxime with clavulanate, AmpC β -lactamase by inhibitor-based method using cefoxitin and phenylboronic acid, and MBL by Imipenem-EDTA combined disk method. 167 bacterial strains were isolated from 187 samples and majority of them were Acinetobacter spp. followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with 32.9% and 25.1%, respectively. 68.8% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and Acinetobacter spp. constituted 85.4%. ESBL, AmpC β -lactamase, and MBL were detected in 35 (25%), 51 (37.2%), and 11 (36.7%) isolates, respectively. Pseudomonas spp. (42.8%) were the predominant ESBL producer while Acinetobacter spp. were the major AmpC β -lactamase producer (43.1%) and MBL producer (54.5%).
American Indian Studies Program Review 2014/2015 Memorandum of Understanding

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Includes two documents: 1) a cover letter from Vice-Provost Michael Neubauer to President Dianne Harrison and; 2) a memorandum of understanding (MOU) from the Office of the Provost outlining commendations and recommendations for the department as expressed by the external reviewers, Michelle Raheja and Craig Stone.
Radiation and Other Risks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Today's maximum permissible levels for radiation exposure have been arrived at, over a period of some forty years, by a process of fairly arbitrary judgements combined with increasing practical operating experience. At first the levels were intended to provide safe working conditions, but gradually this concept came to be replaced by that of “permissible” doses, or levels of radiation carrying an associated risk that was acceptable to the exposed individual and to medical authorities. More recently the Commission has emphasized the need to balance the risk of the radiation against the benefits of its use. Since radiation is but one of many agents involving a risk, the extent of the action taken to control it should be in reasonable proportion to the magnitude of its risk. An attempt has therefore been made to indicate the magnitude of some other risks in our society, so that when more quantitative data are available on the dose-effect relationship for radiation, it might be possible to relate acceptable radiation risks to other risks of society.
Nursing Practices in Enteral Nutrition

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Enteral nutrition is the preferred route of nutrition when patients have a functioning gastrointestinal tract but are unable to meet their requirements orally. In terms of patient safety and quality of life, it is important that enteral nutrition must be administered by the nutrition team consisting of experienced interdisciplinary health professionals. Members of the nutrition team should have up-to-date knowledge and skills to monitor and evaluate the patients during the enteral feeding process and prevent the development of complications. The nurse, as a member of the team, has important responsibilities, such as correct and safe enteral nutrition practices, care of the enteral nutrition route, and follow-up of patients in accordance with the guidelines.
The Evolution of U.S. Temperance Movements Since Repeal: A Comparison of Two Campaigns to Control Alcoholic Beverage Marketing, 1950s and 1980s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper compares the politics of a failed religious movement to ban alcohol advertising in the 1950s with the politics of a more secular, and partially successful, movement to regulate alcohol marketing in the 1970s and 1980s. Although the contexts of the two marketing control movements were quite different, the continuities were equally striking. Both employed arguments about youth, social order, and the power of mass media.
Technological development modeling based on patent analysis: Review of the state-of-the-art

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relevance of the study is due to the great importance of the problem of technological modeling for high- tech enterprises, since the analysis of technological development is an important tool for supporting decision-making in the development of an innovative and competitive strategy. Patents are one of the best sources of information on technology development. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of patent analysis-based technological modeling methods and to consider them in terms of their alignment with the competitive strategies of Need Seekers, Market Readers and Technology Drivers. The results of the review allow us to conclude that the objectives of Market Readers are more consistent with the methods of static technological modeling, which implies the study of the current state of the knowledge sphere and its implementation in the market. Technology Drivers generate new ideas focused on the future, therefore, the most important methods for them are dynamic technological modeling, focused on predicting the future development of the knowledge sphere. Need Seekers combine both approaches because proceed from both existing and future needs of customers.
Cultural Revitalisation and Resistance: The Religious Politics of Fela Anikulapo Kuti and Bishop Matthew Kukah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the intersection of cultural revitalization, religious politics, and resistance in the works of two prominent Nigerian figures: Fela Anikulapo Kuti and Bishop Matthew Kukah. Through his music, rituals, and symbolic shrine, Fela championed the revival of African Indigenous Religion, resisting the dominance of foreign faiths, particularly Christianity and Islam, while challenging political corruption and social injustice. In contrast, Bishop Kukah, a Christian cleric, has consistently used his platform to critique political injustice, advocate for freedom and rights, and combat religious hypocrisy. Despite their differing methods – Fela's use of music for cultural and religious revival and Kukah's reliance on the pulpit and public discourse – both figures have sought to combat neocolonial subjugation and promote African self-emancipation. This study provides insights into the complex interplay between religion, politics, and cultural identity in contemporary Nigerian society by comparing and contrasting their approaches.
Congenital Myopathy With Tubular Aggregates: Report on Two Siblings From India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical features and morphological findings in 2 Indian siblings with tubular aggregates are described. The siblings aged 14 and 9 years, respectively, born of consanguineous marriage presented with early onset gradually progressive lower limb proximal muscle weakness associated with seizures and mental subnormality. Muscle biopsy in both revealed characteristic tubular aggregates in type II fibers, which were confirmed electron microscopically. To the best of our knowledge, association of seizures and mental subnormality in familial tubular aggregates has not been described. Muscle biopsy helped in establishing the diagnosis of this rare familial disorder.
Scenarios of Twenty-First Century Mean Sea Level Rise at Tide-Gauge Stations Across Canada

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Existing scientific literature and international assessments, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, provide a wide range of projections for global mean sea level rise (SLR) in the twenty-first century. At the local scale, the ranges or uncertainties of projections are even larger. There is a pressing need to compile plausible local SLR scenarios to aid coastal communities with adaptation. Here we develop three local SLR scenarios for Canadian tide-gauge stations for the twenty-first century (Low, Intermediate, and High). Our Low Scenario is based on projections under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scaled down to the present global SLR rate. Our Intermediate Scenario is based on projections under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), and our High Scenario is based on the RCP8.5 projections with an adjusted contribution from the Antarctic ice sheet. For all three scenarios, we use vertical land motion (VLM) from global positioning systems (GPS) data corrected for the present-day melt of glaciers and ice sheets instead of the commonly used VLM from a glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model. The GPS data include not only GIA but also other processes affecting VLM. For each scenario, larger SLR is projected along the southeastern Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast, and the Beaufort Sea coast than along other Canadian coasts in the twenty-first century. Under the Low, Intermediate, and High Scenarios, the median relative sea level along the southeastern Atlantic coast may rise by as much as 0.35, 0.82, and 0.96 m, respectively, over 2010–2100. The proposed scenarios allow coastal engineers and managers to consider multiple future conditions and develop multiple response options, as well as choose the most suitable option according to the risk tolerance of infrastructure.
Should adenosquamous esophageal carcinoma be treated like adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

323 Background: Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus have distinct outcomes, treatment strategies, and response profiles to therapy. Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is thought to behave more aggressively than each of its counterparts. Our aim was to determine if ASC is best managed as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The National Cancer Database (2004-15) was queried for patients with non-metastatic, esophageal ASC. Analysis was stratified by clinical node negative (cN0) or node positive (cN1-3) according to AJCC 8 th edition. Treatment types were categorized into chemoradiation alone, surgery alone, or preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Results: Among 352 pts, median age was 67 yrs, 80% were male (n = 281). Median f/u was 46 mos. 43% were cN0 (n = 151), 57% were cN1-3 (n = 201). 55% had chemoradiation alone (n = 194), 15% had surgery alone (n = 53) and 30% had preoperative chemoradiation (n = 105). Of pts who had preoperative chemoradiation, 20% had pathologic complete response (n = 17). For either cN0 or cN1-3, Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index did not differ among the treatment groups (all p > 0.05). On KM analysis for cN0 disease, treatment with surgery alone had a comparable 5-yr OS to preoperative chemoradiation (47 vs 34% p = 0.5) and each had improved 5-yr OS compared to chemoradiation alone (30%; p = 0.02; p = 0.06). On UV analysis for patients with cN0 disease, clinical T-stage was not associated with 5-yr OS. For patients with cN1-3 disease, however, preoperative chemoradiation was associated with improved 5-yr OS when compared to chemoradiation alone or surgery alone (27 vs 19 vs 0% p < 0.001). This persisted even when accounting for age and clinical T-stage (HR 0.45 p < 0.001). Conclusions: Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma behaves more like adenocarcinoma both in response to chemoradiation and survival outcomes based on the treatment modality. The complete response rate to chemoradiation is only 20% unlike what has been shown for squamous cell carcinoma, where chemoradiation is an acceptable definitive therapy. Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma should be managed like adenocarcinoma and not squamous cell carcinoma.
ABSTRACT TCP PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OVER WIRELESS NETWORKS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominant transport protocol in the Internet and supports many of the most popular Internet applications, such as the World Wide Web (WWW), file transfer and e-mail. TCP congestion control algorithms dynamically learn the network bandwidth and delay characteristics of a network and adapt its performance to changes in traffic so as to avoid network collapse. TCP is designed to perform well in traditional wireline networks with the assumptions that packet losses are mainly due to network congestion and random bit error rate (BER) is negligible. However, networks with wireless links suffer from significant packet losses due to random bit errors and handoffs. Hence TCP performs poorly in networks with wireless links because it treats any packet loss in the network to be a result of network congestion and slows down its transmission rate, or even cause the TCP sender to experience unnecessary timeouts, further reducing its performance. The development of advance wireless networks, such as WiFi, UMTS and WiMAX, make it necessary to find ways to improve TCP’s efficiency and resource utilization, as well as improve the user’s experience and reduce latency times. In order to find effective solutions to this effect,
Current research on the systematics of cockroaches (Blattaria) worldwide.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper addresses cockroach systematics from four perspectives: the current higher taxanomic hierarchy, status of species descriptions and revisions, taxonomic methods and phylogenetic study, and current research progress on cockroach systematics. Worldwide cockroach research is detailed in the context of history. We describe the status quo as well as discuss future developments in the taxonomic research of cockroaches in China.
Layered languages of ludology : the core approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1 1 Digital Games Interdisciplinary & Embedded 3 2 How to Tell a Game Playing Experience? 4 3 Adoptable Languages of Media Studies 11 4 Digital Games as Generators of Experience 13 5 Layered Languages – The Core Approach 14 5.1 Elementary Formal Language Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.2 Elementary Mappings between Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.3 Higher Level Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.4 Relations in a Language Lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.5 Multi-Layer Language Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6 Summary and Conclusions 20
Sliding Discharges for Aerodynamics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Analysis of sliding discharges applicability for aerodynamic problems has been made. Data on sliding discharge are presented; some characteristics making this discharge attractive from the point of view of aerodynamic problems are given. Properties of these discharges are such that they can cover up to 1 m 2 and more of a surface at the width of 1-1.5 mm. The discharge in the boundary layer can change mean free paths of heavy particles, and respectively viscosity characteristics in wide range. High temperature of these discharges make them attractive for applications in ignition and combustion problem solutions of internal aerodynamics. In the present paper the continuation sliding discharge formation physical model is considered. Its influence on a vehicle drag reduction is analyzed. The numerical modeling of the sliding discharge on a basis of surface source of thermal flux is considered. The scheme of the power source of the discharge is considered and various aerodynamic models with flat surface plasma layer are discussed. These models will be placed in the wind tunnel at realization of experimental researches. I. Experimental conditions.
Multikernel linear mixed model with adaptive lasso for complex phenotype prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Linear mixed models (LMMs) and their extensions have been widely used for high‐dimensional genomic data analyses. While LMMs hold great promise for risk prediction research, the high dimensionality of the data and different effect sizes of genomic regions bring great analytical and computational challenges. In this work, we present a multikernel linear mixed model with adaptive lasso (KLMM‐AL) to predict phenotypes using high‐dimensional genomic data. We develop two algorithms for estimating parameters from our model and also establish the asymptotic properties of LMM with adaptive lasso when only one dependent observation is available. The proposed KLMM‐AL can account for heterogeneous effect sizes from different genomic regions, capture both additive and nonadditive genetic effects, and adaptively and efficiently select predictive genomic regions and their corresponding effects. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that KLMM‐AL outperforms most of existing methods. Moreover, KLMM‐AL achieves high sensitivity and specificity of selecting predictive genomic regions. KLMM‐AL is further illustrated by an application to the sequencing dataset obtained from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative.
Taming the Data Quality Dragon &ndash; A Theory and Method for Data Quality by Design

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A lack of data quality (DQ) is often a significant inhibitor impeding the realization of cost and quality benefits expected from Clinical Information Systems (CIS). Attaining and sustaining DQ in CIS has been a multi-faceted and elusive goal. The current literature on DQ in health informatics mainly consists of empirical studies and practitioners' reports, but often lack a holistic approach to addressing DQ &lsquo;by design&rsquo;. This paper seeks to present a general framework for clinical DQ, which blends foundational engineering theories with concepts and methods from health informatics. We define an architectural viewpoint for designing and reasoning about DQ. We introduce the notion of DQ Probes for monitoring and assuring DQ during system operation. The concepts presented have been validated in a real-world case study.
Micro-Raman spectroscopic characterization of ZnO quantum dots, nanocrystals and nanowires

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanostructures, such as quantum dots, nanocrystals and nanowires, made of wurtzite ZnO have recently attracted attention due to their proposed applications in optoelectronic devices. Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to study the optical phonon spectrum modification in ZnO nanostructures as compared to bulk crystals. Understanding the phonon spectrum change in wurtzite nanostructures is important because the optical phonons affect the light emission and absorption. The interpretation of the phonon peaks in the Raman spectrum from ZnO nanostructures continues to be the subject of debates. Here we present a comparative study of micro-Raman spectra from ZnO quantum dots, nanocrystals and nanowires. Several possible mechanisms for the peak position shifts, i.e., optical phonon confinement, phonon localization on defects and laser-induced heating, are discussed in details. We show that the shifts of ~2 cm-1 in non-Resonant spectra are likely due to the optical phonon confinement in ZnO quantum dots with the average diameter of 4 nm. The small shifts in the non-Resonant spectra from ZnO nanowires with the diameter ~20 nm - 50 nm can be attributed to either defects or large size dispersion, which results in a substantial contribution from nanowires with smaller diameters. The large red-shifts of ~10 cm-1 in the resonant Raman spectrum from nanocrystals were proved to be due to local laser heating.
Scheduling ammunition loading and unloading for U.S. Navy ships in San Diego

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tomahawk cruise missiles (TCM) cost over one million dollars and are in short supply. U.S. Navy ships require TCM and other conventional ammunition be loaded in appropriate amounts prior to deploying to sea. A typical deployment lasts for six months and, when completed, any remaining ammunition must be unloaded and made ready for other deploying ships. For ships under Commander, Naval Surface Force U.S. Pacific Fleet (SURFPAC), about 3,500 tons of ammunition must be loaded and unloaded annually; this currently costs 14 million dollars for just pilots, tugboats and fuel. This thesis formulates and solves an integer linear program, Surface Navy Scheduler (SNSKED), to prescribe an ammunition load and unload schedule for San Diego homeported ships. SNSKED seeks a schedule with minimized costs subject to constraints on ships availability, port capabilities and support assets. We test SNSKED on a realistic quarterly scenario consisting of 19 combatant ships, three weapons stations, two ammunition ships, five mission types, two ammunition types, and three ways of loading ammunition. SNSKED provides optimal schedules that reduce costs by over 16 percent. We also use SNSKED to evaluate different operational policies, ammunition port utilization, and ammunition loading times.