jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Full Field Temperature Measurement of Specular Wafers During Rapid Thermal Processing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many of the processes involved in the creation of semiconductor devices involve high-temperature processing of silicon wafers. The benefits of reduced thermal budget and faster cycle time make rapid thermal processing (RTP) a possible key technology for semiconductor manufacturing. However, the problem of nonuniform wafer temperature has prevented it from further spread among the industry. The first step in developing controls to maintain a uniform wafer temperature is accurate temperature measurement during processing. In this paper, a system was developed to exploit the specular reflectivity of silicon wafers and obtain a measurement of the wafer temperature profile. The spectral reflectivity is determined by measuring the intensity of an incident beam and the beam reflected from the wafer surface. With this measured reflectivity value the spectral-directional wafer emissivity was determined using Kirchhoff's law. The obtained emissivity then was used to calculate the wafer temperature profile from an image obtained with an infrared camera. An experimental study of the transmittance of an undoped silicon calibration wafer at an elevated temperature is also discussed
SALLUST'S SCIPIO: A PREVIEW OF ARISTOCRATIC <em>SUPERBIA</em>(SAL. <em>JUG.</em> 7.2–9.2)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sallust's narrative of Jugurtha's youth and early military career includes the prince's service under Scipio Aemelianus in Numantia from 134–3 BCE. Sallust carefully shapes that narrative to portray Scipio as an exemplar and defender of the mos maiorum; however, the subtle and complex portrait also reveals his latent tendencies toward aristocratic prerogative that foreshadow the emergence of the virtuous Metellus' superbia in such a way as to help the reader accept that Metellus' superbia is not anomalous, but inherent within the Roman aristocratic character.
MSFC/Ball Space-Act Test Results of SBMD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The results of two cryo tests of the SBMD that were funded by Ball Aerospace through a Space-Act Agreement with MSFC will be discussed. These tests followed the formal completion of the SBMD program. The PhaseCam interferometer, rather than the Wavescope Shack-Hartmann sensor, was used during these tests.
Violent Non-State Actors in World Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2008 attacks on Mumbai were carried out by a Pakistani militant group known as Lashkar i-Taiba, termed a by Pakistan's president, Asif Zardari. In most cases, violent non-state actors (VNSAs) rise as a state fails, resorting to brutally effective, organized attacks to advance political aims and other goals. Currently operating in Afghanistan, Lebanon, Somalia, and Sudan, VNSAs can take the form of national liberation movements confronting an occupying force, insurgents engaged in protracted political and military struggles that chip away at a government's legitimacy, terrorists who threaten violence to effect political change, irregular yet recognizable armed forces working within an ungoverned area or failing state, and mercenary militias, such as those used by Shell or army-loaded units operating in the Niger Delta. The essays in this volume map follow the political, economic, and social processes behind the emergence of VNSAs and the way in which they manipulate crises. Contributors isolate the point at which violence becomes desirable to the non-state actor and explore how this change alters the relationship between VNSAs and the state, and they track the influence of VNSAs on the rebuilding of the very governments they tear down. One of the first resources to describe these groups in depth, this volume decodes the internal structure of VNSAs, their recruitment strategies and ideologies, their characteristics and partnerships, and their fundamental similarities and differences.
Development of Ester‐Protected Ethambutol Derivatives for Characterization of Mycobacterial Hydrolase Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide, with nearly 10 million cases reported in 2014. The constant selective pressure of current antibiotic regimens has led to the rise of highly drug‐resistant strains of M. tuberculosis , requiring the development of novel antibiotics and therapeutic targets. The inhibition of serine hydrolases from M. tuberculosis has been shown to impede bacterial growth and reactivation, making them an attractive drug target. Our lab has developed a method to probe the global substrate specificity of mycobacterial serine hydrolases through the use of ester‐protected derivatives of ethambutol, a first‐line antibiotic treatment for TB. These derivatives were synthesized directly from ethambutol in a single step, using a selective o ‐acylation to yield products in high yield and purity with minimal workup. A small library of derivatives was screened against M. smegmatis , a non‐infectious mycobacterium model for TB. Early results from this screening has found that mycobacterial serine hydrolases prefer strongly hydrophobic moieties, which mimic their natural lipid substrates. Efforts to expand this library and characterize differential hydrolase activity under various physiological conditions are ongoing. Support or Funding Information Funded by NIH 1R15GM110641‐01A1
The Third-Party Administrators

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article is about health insurance-related and Third Par!y Administrator services in India. Health Insurance in India is still at an early stage: only about 14% of the entire population has taken out insurance. There is a large chunk of the population without any insurance coverage. Third Party Administrators (TPA's) are intermediary between Insurance companies. Hospitals (Providers) and Insured Parties (Corporate or Individual). Indian Health Insurance is growing at the rate of almost 30% per year. The government of India is launching a lot of schemes to cover the population, especially in rural parts of the country. Current market size is almost Rs 22000 Crores.
E-Learning System of Asia Through Open Courseware (OCW) and Educational Resources (OER) for Universal Access to Knowledge and Information

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most impressive uses of information and communication technology is the advent of e-learning. The current E-learning system mainly plays a role of learning assistance such as providing learning content or learning information, and sometime it provides channels or platform in the learning environment for discussion and interaction. In recent years E-learning has changed sophisticatedly in teaching method in higher education of Asian countries. The success of E-learning depends on the some circumstance like learning effectiveness, cost effectiveness, institutional commitment, access, faculty satisfaction, and student's satisfaction. Accessing has become more widely permitted through the open courseware. Open Courseware is one of the effective new types of E-learning system raised in recent years. This paper discusses the importance of e-learning system in higher education, and universal access to knowledge and information in the network and digital environment through Open Courseware. Some of the major initiatives and the targets segments covered by the online education have also been studied in this article.
Modeling the magnetic behavior of horse spleen ferritin with a two-phase core structure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The growth of the nanotechnology industry has led to an increased interest in characterizing magnetic nanoparticles. A natural material with well-defined grain size in the nanoparticle range is commercially available—horse spleen ferritin, an iron storage protein. Modeling of the magnetic properties of commercial horse spleen ferritin is often based on the assumption of a single-phase core of ferrihydrite (5Fe2O3∙9H2O). Low temperature hysteresis measurements indicate, however, that the ferritin cores contain at least two magnetic phases. Initial magnetization curves measured at temperatures between 50 and 300K have been modeled using four methods. A model that used a sum of two Langevin functions fitted the data 70% better on average than a model that used a single Langevin function. It was also superior to both a random mean orientation model and a model that takes account of crystalline anisotropy. The two-phase model consists of a phase with a high coercivity that does not undergo saturation and a second phase with a low coercivity and a saturation field of 300mT. The high-coercivity phase is compatible with antiferromagnetic ferrihydrite, while the low-coercivity phase could be magnetite, maghemite, or a mixture of both. The results from this study are consistent with earlier microscopic studies that characterize horse spleen ferritin as a multiphase system with up to 30% of magnetite-maghemitelike cores.
Total Parenteral Nutrition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose

To describe an artificial intelligence platform that detects thyroid eye disease (TED).

Design

Development of a deep learning model.

Methods

1944 photographs from a clinical database were used to train a deep learning model. 344 additional images (‘test set’) were used to calculate performance metrics. Receiver operating characteristic, precision–recall curves and heatmaps were generated. From the test set, 50 images were randomly selected (‘survey set’) and used to compare model performance with ophthalmologist performance. 222 images obtained from a separate clinical database were used to assess model recall and to quantitate model performance with respect to disease stage and grade.

Results

The model achieved test set accuracy of 89.2%, specificity 86.9%, recall 93.4%, precision 79.7% and an F1 score of 86.0%. Heatmaps demonstrated that the model identified pixels corresponding to clinical features of TED. On the survey set, the ensemble model achieved accuracy, specificity, recall, precision and F1 score of 86%, 84%, 89%, 77% and 82%, respectively. 27 ophthalmologists achieved mean performance of 75%, 82%, 63%, 72% and 66%, respectively. On the second test set, the model achieved recall of 91.9%, with higher recall for moderate to severe (98.2%, n=55) and active disease (98.3%, n=60), as compared with mild (86.8%, n=68) or stable disease (85.7%, n=63).

Conclusions

The deep learning classifier is a novel approach to identify TED and is a first step in the development of tools to improve diagnostic accuracy and lower barriers to specialist evaluation.
Congenital Rubella with Autism and Evidence of a Remote Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The conventional diagnosis of congenital rubella is a rare occurrence of an obvious maternal exposure, resulting in an infant born with obvious signs such as cataracts, deafness, microcephaly or congenital heart disease.Patient: In this case, a mother with no known symptom, sign or exposure of rubella gave birth to a male infant without complication.The infant had no notable abnormalities at birth.The boy had developmentally delay, and between the ages of five and seven years was diagnosed with autism.At the age of ten years, an MRI of his brain evidenced a remote stroke.Careful examination of all medical records showed that the mother had a considerable rise in her rubella titer and thus had been exposed to rubella during pregnancy. Result:The diagnosis of congenital rubella was recognized more than ten years after the birth of the infant; congenital rubella is linked to both autism and ischemic brain injury.Conclusions: This case illustrates how both maternal rubella exposure and congenital rubella are likely underrecognized, and how a newborn may exhibit no outward symptoms at birth, yet the elusive diagnosis of congenital rubella is considered years later.
Reconstruction of Transition Firing Sequences Based on Asynchronous Observations of Place Token Changes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a methodology for reconstructing the possible transition firing sequences in a given Petri net based on asynchronous observations of token changes at different places of the Petri net. The observed sequences of token changes are provided by local sensors and are asynchronous, i.e., they only contain partial information about the ordering of the token changes that occur due to the firing of transitions. The task of a centralized observer is to optimally combine this information and reconstruct all transition firing sequences that are consistent with the structure of the Petri net. More specifically, given the observed sequences of token changes (for different sets of places in the net), the paper develops an algorithm that is able to reconstruct all firing sequences that are consistent with the asynchronous observations and the structure of the given Petri net. Since Petri nets are a powerful tool to model, analyze, and control large-scale dynamic systems, the proposed method is useful for event reconstruction and fault monitoring based on asynchronous observations.
A time course of orchestrated endophilin action in sensing, bending, and stabilizing curved membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Numerous proteins act in concert to sculpt membrane compartments for cell signaling and metabolism. These proteins may act as curvature sensors, membrane benders, and scaffolding molecules. Here we show that endophilin, a critical protein for rapid endocytosis, quickly transforms from a curvature sensor into an active bender upon membrane association. We find that local membrane deformation does not occur until endophilin inserts its amphipathic helices into lipid bilayers, supporting an active bending mechanism through wedging. Our time-course studies show that endophilin continues to drive membrane changes on a seconds-to-minutes time scale, indicating that the duration of endocytosis events constrains the mode of endophilin action. Finally, we find a requirement of coordinated activities between wedging and scaffolding for endophilin to produce stable membrane tubules in vitro and to promote synaptic activity in vivo. Together these data demonstrate that endophilin is a multifaceted molecule that precisely integrates activities of sensing, bending, and stabilizing curvature to sculpt membranes with speed.
1 The Mad Hatter Aka Dr. 6

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Welcome to the very first episode of Velen’s Chosen! The Podcast created to teach new and existing players how to progress on ladder within the ever changing meta with the cards they have. Today we introduce our crew and tell you a bit about ourselves, our game experience and Hearthstone background. Rob, Andrew and Eve are super excited to start talking about all the new decks being formed after The Grand Tournament’s release (TGT) and we get right to it with the superstar of the week: The Secret Paladin. Can you make this deck with the cards you have? What cards can you put in if you don’t have them all and what cards will you absolutely need to craft? We answer all your questions and talk a bit about how to combat this deck if you aren’t playing it yourself, as you’re sure to run in to it on ladder. This deck has many different forms and alternatives so you’re sure to find something that works for you. Next we talk about another exciting deck that has all the Hearthstone players talking: Dragon Priest! I know I want to play this deck but what cards do you need and which cards can you substitute? We explain it all. We had a little bit of technical difficulties today with Andrew’s internet but hopefully we’ve managed to fix it in post and our next show will be wrinkle free. If you have any questions for us or ideas for future shows you can contact us on our Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/velenschosenpodcast or our Twitter at https://twitter.com/VelensPodcast or email us at velenschosenpodcast@gmail.com . --Rob : Instagram: https://instagram.com/notrob Twitter - https://twitter.com/notrob Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/notrobmedia WeChat - notrob Snapchat - notrobmay YouTube - youtube.com/user/sirtwik --Andrew : Twitter - https://twitter.com/andrewisliving YouTube - http://youtube.com/user/BinacaFreak --Eve : Twitter - https://twitter.com/Fhinnovarr For our very thorough show notes, you can find decklists, tech choices, and substitutions, click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_RuUH0DyZwQ4kg7QxXvBL4hOTWcdamsLfggcYhaU7Lc/edit?usp=sharing
Social Media Marketing and Its Relationship with Customer Loyalty: A Case Study in Cieneguilla, Peru

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to identify the relationship between social media marketing and customer loyalty in a restaurant in Cieneguilla, Peru. The study aims to highlight the importance of leveraging technological innovation to strengthen customer loyalty and improve business competitiveness in the current context. The study fills a gap by exploring how social media marketing affects customer loyalty in a specific sector such as restaurants, an area that has been under-researched in the context of Cieneguilla. Although previous studies have addressed the relationship between social media and loyalty, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted in this geographic and commercial area. The study has a quantitative approach, correlational type, and non-experimental design. A sample of 385 restaurant customers was used, with questionnaires of 22 items for the social media marketing variable and 23 items for the customer loyalty variable. Data collection was processed using the IBM SPSS 27.0 program, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the instruments. The results show a low positive correlation between social media marketing and customer loyalty (r = 0.359). It is concluded that as the company improves its social media marketing strategies, the level of customer loyalty increases. However, the implementation of these strategies is still perceived as average by most customers.
Dynamically meeting performance objectives for multiple services on a service mesh

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a framework that lets a service provider achieve end-to-end management objectives under varying load. Dynamic control actions are performed by a reinforcement learning (RL) agent. Our work includes experimentation and evaluation on a laboratory testbed where we have implemented basic information services on a service mesh supported by the Istio and Kubernetes platforms. We investigate different management objectives that include end-to-end delay bounds on service requests, throughput objectives, and service differentiation. These objectives are mapped onto reward functions that an RL agent learns to optimize, by executing control actions, namely, request routing and request blocking. We compute the control policies not on the testbed, but in a simulator, which speeds up the learning process by orders of magnitude. In our approach, the system model is learned on the testbed; it is then used to instantiate the simulator, which produces near-optimal control policies for various management objectives. The learned policies are then evaluated on the testbed using unseen load patterns.
JAZ LANGUAGE INFLUENCE ON THE SONG TE SALUT, CHIŞINĂU BY OLEG NEGRUŢA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author considers some basic aspects of jazz influence on the song “Te salut, Chişinău” written by the Moldovan composer Oleg Negruţa at the beginning of the 1960s. She reveals some ontological features of this piece, which exist in different vocal-instrumental versions, characteristic of jazz, as well as the melody, harmony, rhythm features of jazz origin which are harmoniously combined in the musical language of this song.
Study on Synthesis of Amide Compounds by Lysine with Anhydride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The amide compounds containing carboxyl and amino groups have been synthesized from lysine and acid anhydrides as the starting materials.The effects of solvent,ratio of starting materials,reaction temperature,reaction time on the yield were investigated.Through the analysis of the experimental data,we have obtained the best reaction conditions and improved the synthetic yield.The target product was characterized by melting point tester,infrared spectroscopy and element analytical instrument.
Bordetella holmesii in asplenic patients: a new pathogen?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<it>Bordetella holmesii</it> is a Gram-negative organism recently recognised as a human pathogen. It can colonise the upper respiratory tract causing respiratory illness and can cause invasive infection, particularly in asplenic patients. The American Centre for Disease Control and Prevention reported a series of 26 patients with <it>B. holmesii</it> bacteraemia, of whom 85% were asplenic and 38% had sickle cell disease (SCD)<cross-ref type="bib" refid="R1">1</cross-ref>. We present our experience of B. holmesii bacteraemia over the last five years. <sec><st>Case 1</st> A 12-year old girl with SCD was admitted with arthralgia, chest pain and fever. She was diagnosed with painful crisis and respiratory tract infection and started on intravenous co-amoxiclav. She was discharged after 48 hours on oral antibiotics. Bordetella holmesii was isolated from blood cultures. The patient remained well at home on oral antibiotics and had negative blood cultures one week after discharge. </sec> <sec><st>Case 2</st> A 15-year old girl with SCD was admitted with fever and arthralgia. She was diagnosed with painful crisis with no focus of infection. She was started on intravenous ceftriaxone and discharged on oral co-amoxiclav after 48 hours, having remained apyrexial since admission. Bordetella holmesii was isolated from blood cultures. The isolate tested sensitive to augmentin and the patient remained well post discharge. </sec> <sec><st>Case 3</st> A 36-year old woman with SCD was admitted with coryzal symptoms, chest pain and fever. She was started on intravenous cefuroxime for a lower respiratory tract infection. She was apyrexial after 48 hrs and discharged on oral antibiotics. Bordetella holmesii was isolated from blood cultures. Despite in-vitro cephalosporin resistance of the organism this patient remained well post discharge. Bordetella holmesii has been identified three times in our laboratory. All three isolates are from sterile site samples in sickle cell patients, supporting the observation that the organism is pathogenic in this patient group. We believe this is the first series of such patients in the UK. </sec>
Effect of different plant nutrients on the incidence of Fusarium wilt of chilli under greenhouse conditions at three different concentrations (Krystafeed @ (C1) 2, (C2) 4, and (C3) 6g/liter/Pot; Micro Plus @ (C1) 0.5, (C2) 0.75, and (C3) 1.0g/liter of water/pot; Combination of Krystafeed and Micro Plus @ (C1) 2+0.5, (C2) 4+0.75, and (C3) 6+1.0g/liter/pot).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The P-values for treatments (T), concentrations (C), and their interaction (T*C) showed significant statistical differences (p<0.05) among them.