jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The p.R66W Variant in RAC3 Causes Severe Fetopathy Through Variant-Specific Mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RAC3 encodes a small GTPase of the Rho family that plays a critical role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and intracellular signaling regulation. Pathogenic variants in RAC3, all of which reported thus far affect conserved residues within its functional domains, have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by diverse phenotypic features, including structural brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism (NEDBAF). Recently, a novel de novo RAC3 variant (NM_005052.3): c.196C>T, p.R66W was identified in a prenatal case with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (a spectrum of conditions that interfere with the fetus’s ability to move), and complex brain malformations featuring corpus callosum agenesis, diencephalosynapsis, kinked brainstem, and vermian hypoplasia. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the association between RAC3 deficiency and this unique, distinct clinical phenotype, we explored the pathophysiological significance of the p.R66W variant in brain development. Biochemical assays revealed a modest enhancement in intrinsic GDP/GTP exchange activity and an inhibitory effect on GTP hydrolysis. Transient expression studies in COS7 cells demonstrated that RAC3-R66W interacts with the downstream effectors PAK1, MLK2, and N-WASP but fails to activate SRF-, AP1-, and NFkB-mediated transcription. Additionally, overexpression of RAC3-R66W significantly impaired differentiation in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Acute expression of RAC3-R66W in vivo by in utero electroporation resulted in impairments in cortical neuron migration and axonal elongation during corticogenesis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the p.R66W variant may function as an activated version in specific signaling pathways, leading to a distinctive and severe prenatal phenotype through variant-specific mechanisms.
The rearrangement of 2‐benzyl‐5‐mesitoyl‐3(2H)‐isothiazolone to 2‐phenyl‐6‐mesitoyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4(2H)‐one

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 2‐Benzyl‐5‐mesitoyl‐3( 2H )‐isothiazolone ( 8 ) has been prepared from 3‐mesitoylpropionic acid ( 5 ). Reaction of the isothiazolone 8 with sodium ethoxide in ethanol has been found to yield an isomeric rearranged compound, which was characterized as 2‐phenyl‐6‐mesitoyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4( 2H )‐one ( 9 ). This unexpected rearrangement is attributed to the abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom from the N ‐benzyl group, followed by ring enlargement through cleavage of the isothiazolone SN bond.
Pengaruh Kelebihan Berat Badan terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Overweight men usually had abnormal hormone regulation that can reduce the quality of spermatozoa. This study was aimed to determine the effect of overweight on the spermatozoa quality of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Dependent variable in this study was spermatozoa quality consisting of concentration, motility, and morphology, meanwhile the independent variable was overweight in Wistar rats. Subjects were 10 male Wistar rats divided into two groups: experimental group (P1), which was the group with overweight, and the control group (P0), the group with normal weight. Treatment was given for 50 days. Based on the statistical analysis performed, the results showed significant differences in concentration, motility, and morphology of the spermatozoa between the experimental group and the control group. For all spermatozoa quality parameters, the P-values were less than 0.05. Conclusion: Overweight affected the quality of Wistar rat spermatozoa.Keywords: overweight, spermatozoa quality Abstrak: Pada pria dengan kelebihan berat badan biasanya terjadi regulasi hormon abnormal yang dapat menurunkan parameter kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelebihan berat badan terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan post test only control group design. Variabel tergantung dalam penelitian ini ialah kualitas spermatozoa yang meliputi konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi sedangkan variabel bebas ialah kelebihan berat badan pada tikus Wistar. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan (P1) yang merupakan kelompok dengan kelebihan berat badan dan kelompok kontrol (P0) yang merupakan kelompok dengan berat badan normal. Perlakuan diberikan selama 50 hari. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada konsentrasi, motilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol, dimana untuk semua parameter kualitas spermatozoa didapatkan nilai P <0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh bermakna dari kelebihan berat badan terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus Wistar.Kata kunci: kelebihan berat badan, kualitas spermatozoa
Pembelajaran Moderasi Beragama Pada Tingkat Usia Dasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze religious moderation learning strategies at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level, specifically at MIS Kuba, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. Based on the research findings, it was found that the learning strategies implemented include a contextual approach in teaching the Qur'an and hadith, the use of discussion methods, the utilization of digital media, and the integration of religious moderation values in extracurricular activities. These strategies have successfully improved students' understanding of tolerance, respect for differences, and the application of moderate values in daily life. However, challenges include time constraints, difficulties in accessing digital media due to infrastructure issues, and the influence of conservative social and family backgrounds. This study makes an important contribution to the development of religious moderation education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah by providing new insights into strategies that can be implemented and challenges that must be addressed. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference in designing a more adaptive and applicable curriculum for teaching religious moderation to students at the elementary level.
Using Two-point Geo-statistics Reservoir Model Parameters Reduction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Using two point geo-statistics reservoir model parameters reduction. An algorithm has been developed to constrain gridded reservoir models that are used with assisted history matching with geo-statistical information and at the same time reduce the number of variables that are needed to describe the model. Gridded models, as used within most reservoir modelling packages, may consist of 10^5 up to 10^6 grid blocks. A covariance matrix which can be used to constrain the model with a variogram (two point statistics) would consist of 10^10 up to 10^12 coefficients and a direct principal component decomposition of is beyond the capability of current computer systems. A common way to reduce the number of variables is using the members of an ensemble of models from a geo-statistical simulation as basis vectors for a subspace. When a history match is obtained with a model that is constrained to this subspace, this model will have a decently looking continuity behaviour. There is however no guarantee that this subspace contains the directions that correspond with the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix with the largest eigenvalues. This can be demonstrated with a simple simulation and is theoretically described by the Wishart distribution. It is possible to construct a set of orthonormal basis vectors that contains the directions that correspond with the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix with the significantly large eigenvalues. The number of basis vectors may still be rather large but it is mainly determined by the size of the model and the range of the variogram. From an eigenvector decomposition of this covariance matrix, a very good approximation can be obtained of the eigenvectors with a significant large eigenvalues. As the small eigenvalues can be neglected, the number of eigenvectors needed to describe the model is approximately 10^2, which results in a significant parameter reduction.
Field Intercomparison of Ground-Based Cloud Physics Instruments at Whitetop Mountain, Virginia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In May 1987 a two-week field intercomparison study of ground-based cloud liquid water content (LWC) and cloud detector instruments was performed at the Tennessee Valley Authority research station at the summit of Whitetop Mountain, Virginia. The objectives were to better understand the precision and accuracy of the methods and to assist instrument developers in assessing the field readiness of the instruments for operation in clouds impacting a mountain summit. About 80 h of cloud impaction occurred during the study providing ample opportunity for instrument testing. LWC instruments tested included four optical instruments (the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada Fog Monitoring Device, the Engineering Design, Inc. Beeman Instrument, the Gerber Scientific PVM-100, and the, Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. FSSP-100), a psychrometric instrument (ASRC-McLaren), and a gravimetric instrument (TVA-Valente). Correlation coefficients for all pairings of properly operating LWC instruments ranged from 0.85–0.94 and linear regression slopes ranged from 0.90–1.02. Root-mean-square deviations from the mean LWC ranged from 0.026–045 g m−3 for the properly operating LWC instruments. Some of the LWC instruments experienced difficulty during their first exposure to field conditions and have been modified accordingly. Results for cloud detectors indicated that the ECN-Mallant optical cloud detector agreed with the reference reflectometer 98 and 92 percent of the time during cloud and nonclond periods, respectively. Relative humility sensors exhibited agreement ranging from 84 to 90 percent with the reference method provided that a carefully selected threshold was established after reviewing the data.
Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer Analysis of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Laser-arc hybrid welding process employs a laser beam and a welding arc concurrently for the joining of thick plates at high welding speeds. Systematic quantitative studies to understand the role of welding conditions on the rate of heat input and weld pool profile are important but rarely reported for hybrid welding process. The current work presents a three-dimensional heat transfer analysis of hybrid welding process using finite element method. The computed results are validated using experimentally measured results that are reported in the independent literature. The model is used further to examine the effect of welding speed, laser and arc power, and the separation distance between laser beam and welding arc on the weld pool profile. The computed results show that the weld width will reduce with increase in welding speed and the separation distance while the penetration increases with the laser power.
Evaluation of thyroid abnormalities in childhood vitiligo from a tertiary care centre: A case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Vitiligo is an usual acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin characterized by well-circumscribed depigmented macules and patches. Though the association between vitiligo and thyroid disorders has been suggested, only a few studies from India and overseas have paid attention to describe the association between vitiligo and thyroid abnormalities, particularly in children. Hence, this study was taken up for evaluating thyroid disease in childhood vitiligo compared to controls in a tertiary care centre.Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based case-control study conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital over 18 months which included 50 new patients of vitiligo and 50 age and sex-matched controls. Blood samples were garnered from cases and controls to access the levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), Thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (anti –Tg).
Comparison of Perceptions and Smoking Cessation Experiences Between Smokers With and Without Serious Mental Illness in a Large Health Maintenance Organization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PWSMI have similar levels of motivation and intention to quit smoking as those without SMI. However, they are disadvantaged by the reduced support received from their family physicians and lower cessation medication usage. Efforts to promote the implementation of smoking cessation treatment guidelines will help promote smoking abstinence among PWSMI.
The relationship between leadership, organisational climate and workplace innovation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Innovation is a valued organisational asset that may assist in the creation and maintenance of competitive advantage. Recently, a number of authors have proposed links between the concepts of leadership, organisational climate and innovation. In particular, some literature in leadership, organisational climate and innovation has begun to converge. This convergence led researchers to produced models of the interaction between the three constructs within organisations. It has generally been reported that leadership effects innovation and organisational climate or vise versa. However, to date there is no substantial, direct nor robust empirical evidence to inform this view. This study addressed the relationship between, leadership, organisational climate and innovation simultaneously. The research sample comprised of 142 administrative and health-care professionals from a medium sized private consulting firm located from 28 different sites across Australia. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), Organisational Climate Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Workplace Innovation Scale (WIS) were used to measure leadership style, perceptions of organisational climate and innovation respectively. Ninety-eight surveys were completed resulting in a 69% response rate. Data were analysed using regressions and correlations to determine whether the putative relationship between the three constructs was demonstrated. This research revealed a significant relationship between measures of innovation with OCQ subscales of autonomy, worker cohesion and innovation. T-tests demonstrated that cohesion (p=0.0003) and pressure (negatively p=0.0032) predicted WIS organisational innovation; autonomy (p=0.0080), innovation (p=0.0001) and recognition (p=0.0057), predicted WIS innovation climate; autonomy (p=0.0076) and innovation (p=0.0211), predicted WIS individual innovation while cohesion (p=0.0069) significantly predicted WIS team innovation. The autonomy subscale was almost a significant predictor of team innovation (p=0.0597). Measures of transformational and transactional leadership revealed no relationship to either organisational climate scores or innovation scores. This is the first time this type of study was conducted in the Australian context and these findings were congruent with prior research taken place in the United States of America by Baer & Frese (2003). The findings from this Australian study supported the notion that a suitable vehicle to leverage workplace innovation could be to review aspects of organisational climate such as attention to level of autonomy, along with building strong co-worker cohesion rather than through the vehicle of leadership. The present study was the first of this type conducted in Australia. These parallel findings suggested a universality or generaliseability of the theory. .
Stromal cells participate in the murine esophageal mucosal injury response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We identified α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)- and vimentin-expressing spindle-shaped esophageal mesenchymal cells in the adult and neonate murine esophageal lamina propria. We hypothesized that these esophageal mesenchymal cells express and secrete signaling and inflammatory mediators in response to injury. We established primary cultures of esophageal mesenchymal cells using mechanical and enzymatic digestion. We demonstrate that these primary cultures are nonhematopoietic, nonendothelial, stromal cells with myofibroblast-like features. These cells increase secretion of IL-6 in response to treatment with acidified media and IL-1β. They also increase bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)-4 secretion in response to sonic hedgehog. The location of these cells and their biological functions demonstrate their potential role in regulating esophageal epithelial responses to injury and repair.
Use of Animal Skin Substrates for Indirect Immunofluorescence Diagnosis of Subepidermal Autoimmune Bullous Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read the article by Pang et al1concerning the use of frog skin for the differentiation of bullous pemphigoid (BP) from epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Based on sporadic observations of a floor-pattern indirect immunofluorescence on 1 mol/L of sodium chloride—split skin (SSS) obtained from BP sera, these authors used skin from a toad to establish a differential diagnosis between BP and EBA. Their rationale was the fact that, as suggested by earlier studies, the BP antigen is present in the skin of some animals,2from which the EBA antigen—being phylogenetically more restricted—is absent.3Since this procedure seems attractive, we undertook a retrospective comparative study to better delineate the usefulness of animal skin substrates for the diagnosis, using indirect immunofluorescence, of subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases. During the last 3 years, we screened over 1500 human serum samples sent to us under the suspicion of a subepidermal autoimmune
Usefulness of galactose oxidase-Schiff test in rectal mucus for screening of colorectal malignancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on a "field-effect" theory in colon carcinogenesis, and the expression of the disaccharide tumor marker D galactose-beta-[1-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) in the rectal mucus of patients with cancer and precancer of the colon, Shamsuddin developed a simple, accurate, inexpensive, easy to perform and rapid (< or = 15 min) screening test for colonic cancer and precancerous lesions. In this study we examined 137 rectal mucus samples of randomly selected patients with colorectal malignancy or other colorectal diseases to confirm the sensitivity and specificity of this test in Croatia. Additionally, to test the validity of the "field-effect" theory, that the mucosa away from the obvious cancer will show abnormalities as a result of the generalized effect of the carcinogen throughout the entire field of the target tissue, we also monitored a subset of 53 patients post-operatively. Individuals free of colonic or any other malignancies served as control (n = 31). The rectal mucin was smeared on membrane filter and developed by a sequential reaction of galactose oxidase (GO) and Schiff's reagent. The test results were correlated to the findings from colonoscopy/surgery and histopathology. The sensitivity of the test was shown to be 100% and the specificity was 96.8% (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the test was positive in 60% (32 of 53) of the samples collected from patients after tumor resection, showing the persistence of the biochemical changes even though malignant tumors were removed, hence supporting the field-effect phenomenon of carcinogenic stimuli. Five patients out of these 32 (16%) postoperative cases with positive GO test had a tumor recurrence within a year (0.05 < p < 0.10), suggesting that a persistently positive GO test in this population may serve as a predictor of tumor recurrence. We conclude that Gal-GalNAc is an early and intermediate biomarker, suitable not only for the detection of malignancy in its inception, but also for monitoring of people at high risk for cancer, and the efficacy of the cancer therapy as well as secondary prevention by this technology.
Design and Experimental Investigation of Anti-surge System for Turbofan Engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the aerodynamic instability characteristics of a turbofan engine,the engineering mathematical model of turbofan engine stall/surge characteristics was developed.A digital simulation platform of the engine anti-surge system was constructed.The optimizing design of the anti-surge system scheme was completed and verified on the ground and flight test bed.The engineering mathematical model of aerodynamic instability,the optimizing design technology of the digital simulation and the method of test verification were applied widely in the measurement and control of aerodynamic instability for aeroengine,land-based and marine gas turbine,and other civil turbo machinery.And it laid a solid technical foundation for the formulating the design specifications of the turbofan engine anti-surge system.
Identification and Distribution of Wedge Clams (Donacidae: Bivalvia) in Thailand by Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analysis.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phylogenetic relationship of living Thai Donacidae was herein studied. Two methodologies, geometric morphometrics (GM) and genetic analysis of COI sequences, were combined and applied to identify the valid taxa and explain biodiversity and the distribution pattern in this family. A total of 587 living specimens were tested to analyze the shape and size patterns by Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA). Shell identification and GenBank sequences were added to construct the phylogenetic relationship and haplotype network. Centroid size was used to identify the specimens to the subgenus level. Donax (Hecuba) scortum, was easily distinguished from other species by Principal Component analysis (PCA) of shell size and shape. Donax (Dentilatona) incarnatus and Donax (Deltachion) semisulcatus semisulcatus were identified using Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA). Pairwise comparison of EFA was used for species level recognition, particularly shape overlap was observed for medium and small shell size. Based on genetic distance and haplotype network of COI sequences, Donax (Latona) faba and D. (Latona) solidus could be grouped in the same clade. Intraspecific and interspecific genetic data variation of some common species in different geographical localities of Thailand was observed. Three distribution patterns of Donax species were observed along the two-marine system of Thailand.
Dbv5 Features And Codified Complexes Used In Bipspi: A Method For The Prediction Of Partner-Specific Protein–Protein Interfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Features and protein complexes codified for DBv5 BIPSPI paper (BIPSPI: a method for the prediction of partner-specific protein–protein interfaces Ruben Sanchez-Garcia C O S Sorzano J M Carazo Joan Segura Bioinformatics, bty647, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty647)