jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Can Statistics used in the Medical Journals from Korea be Covered by Korean Statistical Program, dBSTAT?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose & Methods: Papers in six kinds of medical journals from Korea were examined on statistical methods to know what kinds of statistical methods had been used.We also tried to know how much Korean statistical program, dBSTAT can cover those statistical methods.Results: Out of 841 papers, statistical methods were used in 415 (49.4%) ones.Cumulative number of statistical methods is 869.According to the category of statistical methods, they were classified as following: Distribution analysis 6 (0.7%), comparative statistics 577 (66.4%), correlation analysis 66 (7.6%), regression analysis 106 (12.2%), classification analysis 3 (0.3%), survival analysis 48 (5.5%), genetic analysis 10 (1.2%), and etc 53 (6.5%). Conclusion:From above result, it can be said that dBSTAT can cover 92.7% of whole statistical methods in this study.These results also can be used for the goal of curriculum of medical statistics for undergraduate, graduate course and resident training program.
Resolution graphs of some surface singularities I. (cyclic coverings)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The article starts with some introductory material about resolution graphs of normal surface singularities (definitions, topological/homological properties, etc). We then discuss the case when the normal surface singularity is an N-fold cyclic covering of a surface germ, branched along a curve given by the germ of an analytic function f. We present non-trivial examples in order to show that from the embedded resolution graph G of f in general it is not possible to recover the resolution graph of the cyclic covering. The main results are the construction of a ``universal covering graph'' from the topology of the germ f, and the completely combinatorial construction of the resolution graph of cyclic coverings from this universal graph of f and the integer N. For this we also prove some purely graph-theoretical classification theorems of ``covering graphs''. In the last part, we connect the properties of the universal covering graph with the topological invariants of f, e.g. with the nilpotent part of its algebraic monodromy.
Sex Differences and Motor Task Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The experimental literatlire pertaining to sex differences in motor task performance is contradictory: some investigators find that males outperform females (Kjerland, 1953; Ammons, Alprin, & Ammons, 1955); others find the opposite (Thanga, 1955); while still others indicate that when motor learning tasks are involved, e.g., tapping with the Ieft hand, inverted alphabet printing task, tasks that require responses not well-established or responses that are not normally encountered by S, then sex differences in motor performance are manifested. In an experiment designed to investigate possible performance differences between men and women on a hand-eye coordination exercise, 100 college Ss (50 male, 50 female) performed a simple, repetitive motor task of filling Xs in circles (as rapidly as possible) for 50 min. Xs were marked on worksheets containing 300 circles apiece. The present task is somewhat similar to the Tsai-Partington Numbers Test ( Ammons, 1955 ) . There were four findings of interest: (a) There was no significant difference between males and females on motor task performance during the first 5 min. (b) There was no significant difference between males and females in performance in the total 50 min. (c) Ss performed this simple, repetitive motor task more rapidIy during the first minute than during the fifth minute (p < .01 by t test). (d) Performance showed improvement, i.e., was more rapid, when performance during the time block of 6 to 10 min. was compared with performance during the last 5 min. of the task (p < .O1 by t test). The findings of this study lend support to the notion that sex of S makes no difference in the performance of this simple, repetitive motor task. Assuming that the increased rate of responding between Min. 6 to 10 and 46 to 50 (finding d in results) is due to learning (change which occurs as a result of practice), one might say that the present data do not agree with conclusions from previous studies which indicate differences for males and females in learning motor tasks.
In situ resin‐injection approach for repairing barely visible impact damaged carbon‐fiber reinforced epoxy laminates: Optimizing the repair parameters using Taguchi method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new portable resin injection device has been developed to repair barely visible impact damage (BVID) in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. Repair was conducted on damaged 16‐ and 24‐ply laminates at two different ambient pressures, that is, atmospheric pressure and vacuum, using three different adhesive types, that is, neat epoxy, epoxy blended with respective halloysite nanotubes (E1HNT) and carbon nanotubes (NF100). The repair effectiveness was assessed by infrared thermography and in‐plane compression testing. All damaged laminates suffered significant degradation in fracture properties as compared to pristine laminates. According to Taguchi method, the main factor affecting the repair efficiency is the laminate ply number. The findings revealed that the optimal repair parameters corresponds to using neat epoxy or E1HNT in vacuum could restore the elastic properties and using E1HNT adhesive at atmospheric pressure could restore the fracture properties of damaged 16‐ply laminate after repair. Regardless of repair parameters, the repair efficiency for the mechanical properties of 24‐ply laminates revealed minimal restoration to the laminate pristine conditions after repairing the damaged laminates due to the complexity of BVID for allowing the adhesive to infiltrate and filled the crack structures. The choice of repair parameters was discussed based on the effectiveness of restoring elastic and fracture properties.
Rationality, strategic interactions, and theories of middle range

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Various versions of rational choice theories exist. In the face of common misconceptions of the approach, this comment aims to make two contributions. First, it informs about different variants and emphasizes the essential component of strategic uncertainty in game theory. Second, this article highlights the role of bridge assumptions when applying rational choice theories in practice. Hence, the rational choice approach is not a theory which can be directly applied in practice without further assumptions. Instead the rational choice approach is an analytical framework which leads to theories of middle range by combining a theoretical core with additional auxiliary assumptions which are tailor-made for a specific explanatory problem.
A Novel Remote Sensing Image Fusion Algorithm Based on IWT-ICA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data fusion on remote sensing is one of important problems in current image processing. As the remote sensing data is massive, high-order redundant and non-negative, a new approach non-negative independent component analyses based on integer wavelet transform (IWT-ICA) is proposed and applied to remote image fusion between Landsat ETM+ panchromatic and CBERS multi-spectral images. After decomposing the remote sensing images by integer wavelet transform, the high frequency sub-band coefficients are done independent components analysis, and then the fused image is obtained by inverse integer wavelet transform. Visual and statistical analyses prove the new method not only significantly improves the fusion quality but also accelerates the operational speed compared to conventional principal component analysis and wavelet fusion techniques.
Prospective Randomised Comparitive Study On Effects Of Adding Dexmedetomidine And Fentanyl To Epidural Bupivacaine On Post Operative Analgesia In Patients Undergoing Lobectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To compare the duration and quality of postoperative analgesia between fentanyl and dexmedetomidine when added epidurally to bupivacaine in patient undergoing lobectomy. Materials and methods: After obtaining institutional ethical approval adult patients aged 18 to 60 years undergoing elective lobectomy with ASA PS II &III who have given valid informed consent patients were divided into two groups. Group D and group F. Group allocation was done by closed envelope method. Group D - received 8 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and 1 mic/kg of dexmedetomidine diluted to 2 ml via the epidural catheter. Group F-received 8 ml of bupivacaine and 1 mic/kg of fentanyl diluted to 2 ml via epidural catheter. Result: This double-blinded prospective randomised controlled study was done to evaluate the duration of analgesia as well as sedation and adverse effects of dexmedetomidine (1 mic/kg) and fentanyl (1 mic/kg) given via epidural route with 0.125% bupivacaine in patients postoperatively who underwent lobectomy surgeries under general anaesthesia. This study analysed the duration of postoperative analgesia, quality of analgesia, the side effects and the hemodynamic changes which showed that dexmedetomidine was better than fentanyl in many aspects. Conclusion: In conclusion dexmedetomidine appears to have a beneficial effect as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic by improving the quality and increasing the duration of analgesia without the side effects associated with opioids like respiratory depression. It has minimal side effects and good hemodynamic stability, however its routine use in epidural route requires caution with regard to its effects due to central sympatholytic property and further studies are necessary to quantify the required dosage.
Singing in Signs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Singing in Signs is a collection of essays from prominent opera scholars that explores the rich interplay of symbols in the operatic genre, while simultaneously providing perspective on the state of opera study. Each author, whether explicitly or implicitly, uses the powerful tools of semiotics (the study of signs) to construct interpretations and discover relationships among music, lyrics, and drama. Authors in this collection use a combination of traditional and emerging methodologies to engage composer-constructed and work-specific music-semiotic systems, broader sociocultural music codes, and narrative strategies. Many of the essays have implications for performance and staging. Singing in Signs answers the call—through the lens of semiotics—to embrace opera on its own terms and to engage all of its constituent elements in interpretation. The purpose of the present volume is to “resurrect” serious musical study of opera—not because it has not been taking place—but in a larger sense as a multifaceted, interpretive discipline, by collecting some of these efforts in one volume. The essays here focus on the musical, dramatic, cultural, and performative in opera and demonstrate how these modes can create an intertext that informs interpretation. Operas explored in this volume span the late Baroque period through the present day, including composers from Handel to Wagner to Britten.
Integrative Systems Biology Approaches to Identify Potential Biomarkers and Pathways of Cervical Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nowadays, cervical cancer (CC) is treated as the leading cancer among women throughout the world. Despite effective vaccination and improved surgery and treatment, CC remains its fatality rate about half of the infected populations globally. The major screening biomarkers and therapeutic target identification have now become a global concern. The present study, we have employed systems biology approaches to retrieve the potential biomarkers and pathways from the transcriptomic profiling. Initially, we have identified 76 of each up-regulated and down-regulated gene from a total of 4,643 differentially expressed genes. The up-regulatory genes are mainly concentrating on immune-inflammatory response and the down-regulatory genes are on receptor binding and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The involved pathways associated with these genes were also assessed through pathway enrichment and they were mainly focused on different cancer pathways, immunoresponse, and cell cycle pathways. After the subsequent enrichment of these genes, we have identified 12 hub genes, which play a crucial role in CC. Furthermore, the survival of the hub genes was also assessed, and among them, finally, CXCR4 has identified as one of the most potential differentially expressed gene that might play a vital role to the survival of CC patients. Thus CXCR4 could be used as a prognostic biomarker and development of a drug target for CC.
Mouse mammary tumor virus-like ENV gene sequences in human breast tumors and in a lymphoma of a breast cancer patient.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

DNA sequences with very high similarity (95-98%) to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) ENV gene have been amplified by PCR in 38.5% of human breast tumors and in <2% of normal breast tissue (Wang et al., Cancer Res., 55: 5173-5179, 1995). Intrigued by these findings, which suggested an exogenous viral etiology for a certain percentage of human breast tumors, we have screened a panel of human breast tumors and normal breast tissue for the presence of MMTV-like DNA sequences. Using similar PCR procedures and stringent hybridization techniques, we have detected the presence of MMTV-like ENV gene sequences in 37% of the human breast tumors that we have analyzed. DNA sequencing has shown these sequences to be 99% homologous to the BR6 strain of MMTV and 100% homologous to the GR and C3H strains of MMTV. We have not detected these MMTV-like sequences in normal breast tissue. However, we have detected these sequences by PCR and stringent hybridization in a T-cell lymphoma of a breast cancer patient who was simultaneously diagnosed with both diseases. Our results support the possibility of an exogenous retroviral etiology for a certain percentage of human breast tumors. Our results also suggest that a similar exogenous retroviral etiology may exist for certain human T-cell lymphomas. In many inbred strains of mice, both breast cancer and T-cell lymphoma are caused by MMTV, hence, in a certain percentage of humans, one or both of these diseases may be caused by an MMTV-like retroviral entity.
Detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA by polymerase chain reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In order to develop a method to detect the presence of nucleic acids in Schistsoma japonicum, specific primers were designed based on the genome of S.japonicum and then PCR assay was used to detect DNAs from samples of eggs, adult worms, liver feces and peripheral blood of rabbits infected with S.japonicum. Meanwhile, the template DNAs of eggs and feces were diluted before amplification in order to test the sensitivity of the PCR assay. A 230 bp DNA fragment was obtained from all the samples being tested, and then the gene product was sequenced and matched in GenBank. It was confirmed that this product was a fragment of S.japonicum gene. Result in the PCR amplification sensitivity testing revealed that 0.021 egg DNA template would be enough to amplify this specific positive band. It is evident form the above that the detection of S.japonicum DNA by PCR exhibits higher sensitivity, especially to detect the specific DNAs from serum of hosts infected with S.japonicum, thus providing potential diagnostic values.
LHD 5p5L-AL01-NF #189134.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Safe Zone For Bone Harvesting From The Interforaminal Region Of The Mandible

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aims: The mandibular incisive nerve can be subjected to iatrogenic injury during bone graft harvesting. Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study aims to determine a safe zone for bone graft harvesting that avoids injuring this nerve. Methods: Sixty CBCT examinations of patients were included in this study. The examinations were taken using the i-CAT CBCT imaging system, applying a standardized exposure protocol. Image reconstruction from the raw data was performed using the SimPlant dental implant software. The distances of mandibular incisive canal (MIC) to the inferior border and the labial and lingual cortices of the mandible were measured at 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm mesial to the mental foramen. Results: The MIC was visible in all (100) CBCT images. The median distance and interquartile range from the lower border of the mandible was 9.86 (2.51) mm, curving downwards toward the inferior mandibular border at the symphysis menti. It was located closer to the buccal border of the mandible (3.15 1.28 mm) than lingual cortex (4.78 2.0 mm). The MIC curves toward the lingual side at the symphysis menti. There was gender difference in a number of these measurements. Current recommendation for chin bone graft harvesting can be applied to Asian subjects. Conclusions: While acknowledging that there is human variability, this study provides an accurate anatomic location of the MIC, which in turn helps to determine a safe zone for chin bone graft harvesting. This information can become a useful guide in centers where CBCT is not available. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.
Lithium Promotes Acetylide Formation on MgO During Methane Coupling Under Non‐Oxidative Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A prototypical material for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is Li/MgO, for which Li is known to be essential as a dopant to obtain high C 2 selectivities. Herein, Li/MgO is demonstrated to be an effective catalyst for non‐oxidative coupling of methane (NOCM). Moreover, the presence of Li is shown to favor the formation of magnesium acetylide (MgC 2 ), while pure MgO promotes coke formation as evidenced by solid‐state 13 C NMR, thus indicating that Li promotes C−C bond formation. Metadynamic simulations of the carbon mobility in MgC 2 and Li 2 C 2 at the density functional theory (DFT) level show that carbon easily diffuses as a C 2 unit at 1000 °C. These insights suggest that the enhanced C 2 selectivity for Li‐doped MgO is related to the formation of Li and Mg acetylides.
The diagonal hopping dependent I-V characteristics of periodic DNA molecule

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The diagonal hopping dependent I-V characteristic of a periodic DNA molecule has been studied. Exponentially twisting angle dependent hopping constant is used in the calculation. The diagonal hopping constant is modeled using semi-empirical Slater-Koster theory. A 32 base pairs doubled-stranded Poly(dG)-poly(dC) DNA molecule model sandwiched in between two metallic electrodes is used in the calculation of I-V characteristic using Landauer-Buttiker formalism by assuming symmetric voltage drop at the contacts. The I-V characteristics is calculated from the transmission probability of charge on the molecule calculated using transfer and scattering matrix methods, simultaneously. The results show that generally, as the vibration and diagonal hopping coupling constant increases, the current magnitude increases. However, at low voltage the increment of current is minute. These trends are observed in the I-V characteristic of DNA molecule for all frequencies and temperatures used.
New Directions in Transnational Mexican History

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

New Directions in Transnational Mexican History: Mexico On the World Stage is the first collection by historians to examine foreign immigration to Mexico as a way to interpret the significance of Mexican transnationalism and pluriculturalism. The contributors analyze Mexico as a recipient nation, broadening the application of transnationalism to encompass not only foreign migrants but Mexican figures like Francisco Madero who were deeply influenced by transnational experiences. This book explore the roles of Spanish entrepreneurs, U.S. consuls, American and Mexican medical professionals, transnational railroad workers, borderland cowboys, international divas, cosmopolitan puppeteers, American missionaries, and Mexican women soccer players. This area of interdisciplinary inquiry has attracted the latest generation of scholars destined to publish their works during the age of globalization. These pioneering scholars use transnational approaches to determine if Mexico has emerged as a transmigration and emigration state and if the Mexican people's extraterritorial influence embodied in the terms "Greater Mexico" and "México de Afuera" applies to larger swaths of the Americas and the world.
Is Germany Part of the West?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past, Russians have often seen Germany as European — positively connoted — but not as Western — a negatively connoted concept. Recent developments including the Ukraine crisis have put the special partnership between Germany and Russia into question, and Russian perceptions of Germany have become more negative. Have these developments shifted narratives so that Russians now see Germany as part of the West? This article presents results of interviews conducted with Russian students on their perceptions of Germany. While they describe Germany and Europe as dominated by the West, interview participants also narrate Germany as naturally connected with Russia: they expect it to shake off the influence of the West and return to its former close relationship. Thus, recent developments have indeed changed Russian perceptions. Germany is seen as Western in spite of itself, unable to follow its own interests, which are assumed to lie in closer cooperation with Russia.
Blast resistance of single steel‐concrete composite slabs under contact explosion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Terrorist attacks or contact explosions could trigger severe damage to structural components or even cause the local or global collapse of the structure in civil engineering and infrastructures. Single‐steel‐concrete (SSC) slabs consist of a concrete core and one steel faceplate combined with shear studs or tie bars that can be applied in resisting explosion or blast load. This paper experimentally and numerically studies the blast performance of the scale SSC specimens under a contact explosion. The damage modes, deflections, and acceleration response of the SSC specimens are obtained and compared by experimental and numerical methods. And then the influences of the explosive, the shear stud length, and the steel plate thickness on the damage modes, acceleration, and displacement response are studied parametrically. It is observed that both of the concrete layers in SSC slabs have crater failure at the impacted surface and steel plates occur local deformation or buckling. No penetrability failure generates in the slabs because of the existence of the steel plate, which can improve the blast resistance and decrease the maximum deflections of the specimens. Finally, an empirical equation is developed to estimate the midspan displacement of the slab using the multivariable regression method (MNRM).