jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Backlash: Critiques of the New Accountability Agenda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One indication that a new accountability agenda is indeed emerging is the political backlash it has engendered. The motives of the critics vary widely, and are expressed differently in different contexts. In this chapter, we examine three streams of criticism: (1) that the design of new accountability initiatives tends to depoliticize the activism of the poor, or at least to channel it into activities that fail to challenge the structural power of political elites; (2) that non-state-centred accountability experiments stunt the development of formal political institutions; and (3) that the increasing surveillance of officials stifles bureaucratic initiative and inhibits the development of a public-service culture more generally.KeywordsCivil SocietyAccountability MechanismDemocratic AccountabilityAccountability RelationshipAccountability InstitutionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Geology and petrology of the Apollo 15 landing site: Past, present, and future understanding

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

On July 30, 1971, the Apollo 15 lunar module Falcon passed over the 4000 m Apennine Mountain front and landed at one of the most geologically diverse sites selected in the Apollo program, the Hadley‐Apennine region. Although this event occurred 14 years ago, its unique nature makes the site an important target of continued scientific investigation.
The Politics of Ambiguity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The essay focuses on French philosopher Jacques Rancière and argues for the transformation of his theory of aesthetics so as to accommodate swathes of directly political artwork, thus countering his tendency to disqualify and denigrate this genre of work. I show that Rancière’s edict against artwork that communicates in clear political messages can be overturned if those messages are proven to signify a genuine egalitarianism. The twist being that Rancière has done more than anyone else to theorise this politics of equality. Therefore I use one part of his philosophy against another in order to recalibrate rather than destroy his aesthetic system. My example of artwork that is directly political is drawn from the oeuvre of American performance practitioner Suzanne Lacy
RGB-Infrared Person Re-identification via Image Modality Conversion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As a cross modality retrieval task, RGB-infrared person re-identification(Re-ID) is an important and challenging task, because of its important role in video surveillance applications and large cross-modality variations between visible and infrared images. Most previous works addressed the problem of cross-modality gap with feature alignment by original feature representation learning straightly. In this paper, different from existing works, we propose a novel network(CE 2 L) to tackle the cross-modality gap with feature alignment. CE 2 L mainly focuses on adding discriminative information and learning robust features by converting modality between visible and infrared images. Its merits are highlighted in two aspects: 1)Using CycleGAN to convert infrared images into color images can not only increase the recognition characteristics of images, but also allow the network to better learn the two modal image features; 2)Our novel method can serve as data augmentation. Specifically, it can increase data diversity and total data against over-fitting by converting labeled training images to another modal images. Extensive experimental results on two datasets demonstrate superior performance compared to the baseline and the state-of-the-art methods.
Histological Investigation on Chronological Changes in Peri-implant Tissues, with Special Reference to Responses of Nerve Fibers to Implantation.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The present study dealt with tissue reactions and responses of nerve fibers to implantation in dog mandibles by means of immunohistochemistry concerning neurofilament protein (NFP), a representative of neuron-specific proteins. The NFP-immunostaining succeeded in clear demonstration of chronological alternations in patterns of innervation to implantation in decalcified sections.The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows:1. At 1 and 2 weeks after implantation, a number of NFP-immunopositive nerve fibers were found in the granulation tissue around the implant materials and remained so until the completion of bone repair associated with implantation. After that, the NFP-positive nerve fibers gradually decreased in number in the pen-implant tissues. Four weeks after the implantation, the distribution and number of nerve fibers were almost identical to those seen in the bone marrow of the edentulous area.2. After the establishment of functional ankylosis or osseointegration of implant, neither significant changes in the distribution pattern of NFP-positive nerves nor the incidence of regeneration of sensory receptors were recognized around the implant materials, implicating low probability for the formation of the recognition mechanism in pen-implant tissues.3. In the case of fibro-osseointegration, a number of nerve fibers showing NFP-immunoreactivity penetrated into a thick layer of fibrous connective tissue, indicating a possible formation of a new recognition mechanism.
Secondary Service Communications to GPs-a Regional Audit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims The purpose of the audit was to assess the standard of communication to GPs from secondary mental health services and to ascertain whether the information included in letters to GPs was in accordance with the recommendations of RCPsych and PRSB. The audit cycle was completed by re auditing to identify how the recommendations from the first audit has improved the quality of communication to GPs. Methods The audit was conducted on three psychiatric units, in three sites across Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board and clinic letters were studied to identify whether the information was as per recommendations from: RCPsych and PRSB. The first audit used 121 letters in total from 3 sites, with the data being collected using audit proforma over a 2 week period from 04/04/22. The re audit looked at 69 letters with data collection using audit proforma over one week period from 19/12/22. Results Majority of letters sent to GP were lacking key information like details of Care coordinators ,medical comorbidities ,non psychiatric diagnosis, and actions for GP with this data missing in 91.7%, 61.22 %,79.59% and 71.43% respectively. Fill rates for other information like patients' details was 100% , psychiatric diagnosis was 83.47%, psychiatric medications , follow-up plan were 80.17%. The results of the re-audit most letters contained Psychiatric Diagnosis (97.1%, previous 83.5%), Psychiatric Medication (91.4%)previous 80.17%), and Follow Up Plan(98.6%, previous 80.2%). Many letters did not include information regarding Medical Comorbidity (28.6% vs 31.4% ), Non-Psychiatric Medication (65.7% vs 34.7%), Details of Care Co-ordinator (54.3% vs 8.3% ) and Action for GP (27.1%, vs 44.6%). Conclusion The recommendations from first audit were to create local guidelines and templates with recommended headings for clinical letters, provide formal teaching for junior doctors and to re audit to see if the implemented changes has led to an improvement. The re-audit showed improvement since the introduction of the template in majority of headings in GP letters with decline in fill rate for 2 headings and these changes varied among three sites. Barriers identified affecting the overall outcome of the re audit were :template not being used, lack of training to juniors, and psychiatrist workload. In conclusion , we aim to re-distribute the template and increase awareness with informal teaching sessions, provide information on template during induction for doctors and organize training sessions on three sites.
Impact de la réadaptation cardiaque sur la fonction diastolique et les capacités fonctionnelles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) can reduce mortality and prevent Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) recurrence, but published data do not indicate an improvement in systolic function. However, there still has not been much research into the relationship between diastolic function and functional capacity during CR.
Objectives: assess the evolution of clinical data and echocardiographic measurements including diastolic function and to objectively assess physical capacity before and after 20 sessions of CR
Methods: prospective, cross-sectional study in the Bastia CR department from December 2018, to July 2019. All patients with an indication for CR and a left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF)  50% were invited to participate in the study.
The assessment on inclusion and after CR included clinic measurements, the INTERHEART score and the maximum effort load (Wattmax). Using echocardiography, we measured the LVEF, the Tei index, and the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), septal and lateral E/e’ ratio and the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT).
Results: RC allowed a significant decrease in weight (-1kg with p=0.004), abdominal perimeter (-1.3cm with p<0.0001) and the INTERHEART risk score (-2.7 points with p<0.0001). Maximum physical effort capacities also were increased by 27% (p<0.0001). These improvements are correlated with significant variations in Tei index (p=0.009), TAPSE (p=0.004), septal E/e’ ratio (p=0.04) and the IVRT (p<0.0001). These elements are prognostic markers of morbidity, mortality and quality of life. Thus the benefit shown by the CR program is evidenced from both an echographic, an ergometric and a clinical point of view.
Self-Reported Use of Prohibited Substances and Methods Among Athletes of the Brazilian Delegations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Use of prohibited substances and methods (doping) by elite athletes is a complex and multifactorial behavior. Understanding the factors associated with doping behavior is crucial to identifying potential intervention targets to reduce doping among this group. However, there are limited data on the prevalence and correlations of self-reported prohibited substance use among Brazilian Olympic athletes. We present data from a cross-sectional, self-reported online survey. Participants were elite Brazilian athletes who participated in the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. A total of 209 athletes (52.6% females) from both Brazilian delegations were surveyed. The self-reported doping use of prohibited substances or methods was found to be 7.2%. Receiving a recommendation from a medical doctor, even knowing that the substance is prohibited, was associated with an increased risk of self-reported doping use (OR = 17.474; 95% CI = 4.664–65.470, P < 0.001). Nearly 1 in 10 athletes reported use in their careers. Medical recommendation to use substances was the only factor associated with an increased risk of doping among elite athletes.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARATIVE IN VITRO IN VIVO EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE THEOPHYLLINE TABLETS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The following study involves formulation and evaluation of simple highly drug loaded matrix tablets of theophylline anhydrous (THF) containing ethylcellulose (EC) polymer as a release retardant at low concentrations (1- 9 %w/w) using wet granulation technique. An optimum formula was chosen on the basis of tablet physical properties and in vitro drug release. A kinetic study on theophylline release from selected matrix formula was established including zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer-peppas kinetic models. The drug release was found to be non Fickian (n=0.54) due to both tablet diffusion and matrix erosion. The effects of certain formulation variables on drug release rate such as formulation technique, tablet geometrical shape and granule size were studied. The results have shown significantly different dissolution rates in case of applying one of the first two variables only. Finally, a comparative in vitro in vivo study was done between the selected formula and two theophylline sustained release (SR) dosage forms commercially available in the Egyptian market. The formulated tablets have shown the slowest release rate (86.68% after 8h) compared to the other two products of Quibron®-T/SR tablets and Theo SR® 300 mg capsules which have released 100% of their drug content after that time. According to the in vivo absorption profile, a significant difference in the means of Cmax, Tmax, t1/2 and MRT was detected between the innovator and the two reference preparations. Such data provides strong evidence that the formulated THF tablets have better therapeutic sustaining effects than the two market products.
A Case of Behcet’s Disease with Bowel Perforation as the First Presentation and Bowel Resection and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Behcet's disease is a chronic recurrent idiopathic inflammatory disease that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and involves many systems.The most commonly involved site is the ileocecal region.Bowel ulcers caused by Behcet's disease can cause perforation.A 19-year-old male patient was admitted with a diagnosis of Behcet's disease.He underwent surgery at our clinic, and during the laparotomy, it was determined that the terminal ileum had multiple perforations.Part of the ileum was excised.The patient was discharged from the hospital after surgery without any problems.The patient's ileostomy was closed at the second month after the first surgery.There were no clinically significant problems during the 16-month follow-up period.In this article, Behcet's disease Multiple perforation of the ileum is a rare complication at the time of diagnosis and is discussed with the knowledge of published cases.This article summarized the clinical data of 1 case of enterobechase disease with intestinal perforation as the first clinical manifestation in our hospital and reviewed the literature, discussed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and the latest treatment progress of enterobechase disease, in order to improve the understanding of this disease.
Development ofanalytical methodology applying GC-FID and GC-MS towards the quality control of nutraceuticals and an update on its regulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nutraceuticals are the union of the words ‘nutrient’ and ‘pharmaceuticals’, and they represent a link between food and medicine, providing both nutritional and medicinal values, including the prevention and treatment of diseases. With the increasing interest in nutraceuticals and by the fact that they present pharmacological activities and therapeutic indication, it is essential to define appropriate legislation for this sort of product. Besides, it is important to employ analytical methodologies for the quality control of nutraceuticals, in order to guarantee its efficacy and safety. As a result, the reliability of nutraceuticals can be increased, as well as consumers safety and protection against misleadings. With that in mind, preliminary studies of a nutraceutical prototype have been carried out through the evaluation and development of an analytical methodology for quality control. This nutraceutical was designed with myrrh extract (Commiphora myrrha), ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) and caffeine to counteract the states of headache and migraine, since its bioactive compounds present anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, as well as vasoconstrictor effect. The analyses were carried out by GC-FID and GC-MS to identify and quantify marker compounds from myrrh extract, ginger extract, caffeine and in different batches of the nutraceutical prototype. Some discrepancies have been found regarding the plant extracts in the nutraceutical extracts, and between different batches of the nutraceutical. The set of results indicates the necessity of establishing parameters for quality control of the raw material and the final product, to ensure consumers a product with high quality standards.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity among children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Physical activity is widely recommended in the treatment and management of cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits, many young people with CF are not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesise available qualitative investigations exploring the motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people with CF. Methods The following six electronic databases were systematically searched: Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), CINAH, EMBASE, MEDLINE, MEDLINE-in-process, PsycINFO up to August 2019. Keywords were used to identify qualitative research that explored engagement in physical activity among young people with CF. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers, and potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they employed any qualitative method and recruited participants under the age of 24 years with CF. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results were synthesised using a thematic approach. Results Seven studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, studies were of moderate to high quality. Thematic synthesis identified nine main themes that encompass motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people with CF. These were (1) Perceptions of physical activity. (2) Value attributed to physical activity. (3) Social influences. (4) Competing priorities. (5) Fluctuating health. (6) Normality. (7) Control beliefs. (8) Coping strategies. (9) Availability of facilities. Previous reviews have been unable to identify intervention characteristics that influence physical activity behaviour. Conclusions This review provides detailed information on the physical (biological—clinical), psychological, social and environmental influences on physical activity behaviour, thus providing numerous targets for future interventions. This in turn could facilitate promotion of physical activity among young people with CF.
Buying and Selling Hebraica and Judaica: A Guide to the Auction Market for Librarians and Collectors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Auction houses that conduct sales of Hebraica and Judaica offer a variety of services to Judaica libraries and opportunities to Judaica librarians. Through auction, libraries purchase new books, sell duplicate or out-of-scope material, and obtain appraisals of property being donated, acquired, or insured. Judaica librarians benefit by interacting with the auction house specialist, who is a source of information on market trends, and by visiting the exhibitions held prior to auctions for the rare opportunity to examine—firsthand—material which is otherwise unavailable. Auction catalogues of Hebrew and Jewish printed books constitute a rich source for research in this very specialized field of librarianship.
Information System Prediction of Room for Rent Price in Yogyakarta Region Based on Website Using Linear Regression Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This development research was carried out to create a boarding house price prediction information system product that could help the problems of entrepreneurs and boarding house users regarding the determination of boarding prices. This development research was carried out to create a boarding house price prediction information system product that could help the problems of entrepreneurs and boarding house users regarding the determination of boarding prices. The research method used in this development research process is Research and Development with the Waterfall Model method. During the development process, tests were also carried out to determine the quality of the information system developed by referring to the ISO 25010:2011. The results of this research and development process are (1) Linear Regression algorithm as the best Machine Learning model that can make relevant and accurate predictions of boarding house rental prices. (2) A web-based boarding price prediction information system in the Yogyakarta Region was developed using the Waterfall development model and the Flask framework, which can automatically predict the relevant prices of the facilities selected by the user. (3) Test results on the Functional Suitability aspect ensure that all functions in the information system can run properly. The usability aspect produces 86.7% (Very Good category). The Performance Efficiency aspect produces a percentage of 100% (Very Good Performance), and fully loaded web page time is only 0.707 seconds (Good category). The reliability aspect results in a percentage of system resilience of 100% on sessions, pages, and hits in testing.
Defence against bacterial drug resistance.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Everyone knows that acquired microbic resistance is the Achilles heel of chemotherapy.All living things can acquire some resistance to noxious agents-man to morphine, for instance.Bacteria are no exception: they can become more resistant in some degree even to ordinary germicides.But nothing in the whole of nature equals the resistance which can develop to antibiotics; it seems here as if the sharper the weapon the more completely it can be blunted.A 10-fold change can deprive an antibacterial drug of much of its usefulness, but some increases are of the order of 1000-fold or even more.Since this change is a prolific cause of treatment failure it is worth while to inquire how it can be avoided. Origins of resistanceHow does resistance arise in bacteria ?One process is simply selection; treatment with an antibiotic eliminates sensitive strains and enables an originally very small minority of resistant ones to survive and spread.This is undoubtedly what happened among staphylococci in the early days of penicillin.When exposure to a drug-antibiotic or synthetic-is followed by resistance in a previously sensitive strain this is usually attributed to mutation.This is undeniable and has been con- clusively proved in some instances, but when resistance increases slowly over a period ofyears some form of adaptation seems a more likely explanation than a long series of small genetic changes, and this hypothesis had a strong advocate in the late Sir Cyril Hinshelwood.1There are three mechanisms whereby genetic elements determining drug resistance, often multiple, can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another.They are transfor- mation, the uptake of genetic material already liberated from another cell; transduction by bacteriophage, which can occur in many species; and conjugation, which occurs only between Gram-negative bacilli, although of many different genera. Motives for discouraging resistanceThe main reason for devising treatment to which resistance will not develop is to ensure the patient's recovery.But it is well to look further into the consequences of failure, which may