jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Halophytophthora fluviatilissp. nov. from freshwater in Virginia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Halophytophthora fluviatilis, a novel species from inland freshwater in Virginia, is characterized and described in this study. This homothallic species produced ovoid to globose sporangia, which release zoospores directly through exit pores. It grew well in a relatively wide range of salinity from 1.8 to 19.0 parts per thousand. Sequence analysis of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer region placed this new species in the Halophytophthora sensu stricto clade. Description of this new species expanded the habitat to include geographically distinct inland freshwater ecosystems for the genus Halophytophthora, challenging the notion that this genus is marine or brackish. The need to construct a molecular-based taxonomy for the genus Halophytophthora is also discussed.
Revolutionizing Agriculture: Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of various natural plant extracts on soil fungi, particularly targeting phytopathogenic and mycotoxigenic species Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium citrinum, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium metavorans, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus aflatoxiformans, were used in the present study. In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of three plant extracts performed both in aqueous and methanolic solutions. The findings indicated that the plant extracts exhibited robust antifungal activity, resulting in significant inhibition of mycelial growth across all tested fungi compared to the control. The extracts from Phytolacca acinosa and Atropa acuminata demonstrated the highest effectiveness in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the tested fungi, whereas Salix albaexhibited comparatively lower efficacy. The findings of this study validate the potential of plant extracts as natural fungicides for controlling pathogenic fungi, there by reducing dependence on synthetic fungicides. However, the extracts from Phytolacca acinosa and Atropa acuminata, identified as the most efficient, hold promise as potential agents for controlling these pathogenic fungi.
Coordinated Regulation of 23S rRNA Maturation in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli , rRNAs are transcribed as precursors and require processing at the 3′ and 5′ ends to generate mature RNA molecules. The largest of these RNAs, 23S rRNA, is matured at the 3′ end by a set of exonucleases and at the 5′ end by an unknown RNase. Whether the 3′ and 5′ maturation steps occur independently or are coupled has previously been unclear. By assessing the levels of precursors accumulating at the 3′ and 5′ ends, we provide evidence that these processes may be linked. Thus, each of several conditions that led to precursor accumulation at one end also did so at the other end. We also observed that each end undergoes maturation at similar rates, suggesting that the two processes could be coupled. Finally, we provide evidence that processing at the 3′ end facilitates 5′-end maturation. A model to explain the basis for the observed directionality of the reactions is proposed. This information will aid in the search for the enzyme responsible for final maturation of the 5′ end of 23S rRNA.
A new interference-aware routing metric for wireless mesh networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an interference-aware routing metric function in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) in order to select a better path to route the packets. Different from the existing metrics, the new metric function has two advantages. Firstly, it applies cross-layer design to take inter-flow interference, intra-flow interference and load balancing into consideration to capture the characteristics of wireless networks. Secondly, it is proved isotonic by using virtual network decomposition, so that the optimal loop-free path can be found by efficient algorithms with polynomial complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed metric performs significantly better than the existing routing metrics.
Abstract 4141868: Circulating immune cells, inflammatory risk, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: an analysis across 5 cohorts of 17,971 diverse adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Inflammation is pivotal in initiating and accelerating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Inflammatory responses result from coordinated actions of circulating molecular mediators and circulating immune cells (CIC). The complete blood count (CBC) is the standard approach to profile CIC. In an analysis across 5 cohorts, we sought to define the relationships between CBC features and ASCVD. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CBC features are associated with ASCVD endpoints, including stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, and mortality. Methods: We examined the relationships between CBC features, traditional risk factors, and mortality in NHANES (n=6162). We then examined individual CBC features and ASCVD endpoints using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to compute hazard ratios (HR) standardized in each cohort and combined with random effects meta-analysis across four longitudinal cohorts (n=11,809 subjects from Framingham Offspring, Framingham 3 rd Gen, MESA, and CARDIA cohorts). Results: We first examined the prognostic value of CBC features compared with laboratory assessments (lipid panel, HbA1c, hs-CRP, and basic metabolic panel) in NHANES and found that CBC features were significantly associated with all-cause and CV mortality (data not shown). Next, we validated and extended these findings in a meta-analysis across four additional longitudinal cohorts, evaluating the association of individual CBC features with ASCVD endpoints. In the fully adjusted and fully adjusted + hs-CRP models, CBC features (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) were associated with ASCVD endpoints ( Figure 1A ). The meta-analyzed standardized hazard ratio of WBC for MACE3 (stroke, MI, all-cause mortality) was 1.07 (1.01 - 1.14; p=0.02) ( Figure 1B ). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association of CIC features with ASCVD across a large, diverse sample of adults. CIC features are associated with ASCVD endpoints and mortality even after adjustment for traditional risk factors and laboratory values, including hs-CRP. Taken together, our data reveal unexpected insights into the interplay of CIC, inflammatory risk, and ASCVD.
A Queer space and photographical imagination of contemporary Kaliningrad (Based on amateur and professional photos)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Тематический блок. Вкус К. Е. Балдин Горький привкус «Русского Манчестера»: что и как ел рабочий-текстильщик Иваново-Вознесенска на рубеже XIX – XX в.в. А. В. Марков Риторика басни в социологии вкуса Городская ткань М. В. Строганов Фольклор каменных джунглей А. А. Неретина, М. В. Строганов Фольклоризация образа Волка из мультфильма «Жил-был пёс» Город в глазах смотрящего В. Б. Калашников Тифлис-Москва: особенности взаимодействия «центра» и «периферии» на примере грузинской архитектуры 1920-х–1930-х гг. А. А. Хайрутдинова «Центр – периферия»: взаимодействие свердловских и московских архитекторов в период советского модернизма в 1960-1980-е гг. Я. С. Левченко Квир-пространство и фотографическое воображение современного Калининграда Кино как текст У. Гершович «Иллюзионист» Йоса Стеллинга: сюжет и замысел
Technology of Exploitation for Onyx Stones With Diamond Wire Saw and Pilow Saw Machine in the Open Pit Quarry "Manastir", Prilep

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper work are given some aspect of the exploitation of dimension stones - onyx in open pit quarry "Manastir" near Prilep town. In short, we have set up the parallel of the existing equipment in some querries and will be describe the technology of exploitation of dimension stones, dumping of strips and the devices. The paper will also give an account of latest equipment used in quarries. In excavation (exploitation) of stone blocks (onyx) is one of the most important operations. Various devices and techniques are used depending on the kind of the mine, the capacity, properties of stone blocks and the efficiency of the equipment used in the quarry. At the moment the exploitation of dimension stone are in use more different methods and techniques for turning down of strip. The manufactures of this equipment have a lot of different products but which of techniques will be use depends of character of the open pit quarry, capacity and physical - mechanical characteristics of dimension stone.
Asymmetric aldol reactions of N-propionyl derivative of chiral auxiliary derived from terpene alcoho

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The asymmetric aldol reaction was carried out by deprotonating N-propionyl derivative of alcohol-derived terpene cis-myrtanol, chiral auxiliary with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), and then treating the Z-lithium enolate with benzaldehyde. Unfortunately, analysis of 1H NMR spectrum of the crude aldol product showed poor diastereoselectivity. The boron enolate methodology was adopted to improve it. The boron enolate was generated by treatment of the N-propionyl derivative with Bu2BOTf and diisopropylethylamine and then treated with benzaldehyde. Analysis of 1H NMR spectrum of the obtained crude aldol product revealed an excellent diastereoselectivity.
Adiabatic Quantum Computation is Equivalent to Standard Quantum Computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The model of adiabatic quantum computation has recently attracted attention in the physics and computer science communities, but its exact computational power has been unknown. We settle this question and describe an efficient adiabatic simulation of any given quantum algorithm. This implies that the adiabatic computation model and the standard quantum circuit model are polynomially equivalent. We also describe an extension of this result with implications to physical implementations of adiabatic computation. We believe that our result highlights the potential importance of the adiabatic computation model in the design of quantum algorithms and in their experimental realization.
Coexistence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and hemophagocytic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim is to report a case of fatal hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) which developed in a patients with sepsis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). A 12-year-old girl with chronic renal failure was admitted for catheter site infection related sepsis. Patient was treated with meropenem, vancomycin and sodium valproate. After this, she developed purpuric skin lesions and mucosal erosions consistent with SJS. Further investigations were performed due to rapid clinical deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly and resistant pancytopenia. We found elevated serum triglyceride and serum ferritin and evidence of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirate. She was diagnosed as sepsis related HS with coexistent SJS and started on injection methylprednisolone. Despite treatment, she expired on the eighth day of admission. HS or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis comprises a heterogeneous group of primary and secondary disorders characterized by the proliferation of activated macrophages, associated with generalized hemophagocytosis. The fact that HS is being reported with an ever-increasing list of dermatological and rheumatological diseases should make us vigilant to this immunological complication. Treatment of the precipitating events and timely administration of immunosuppressive drugs could be life-saving in this situation.
Multiplicative structures on Moore spectra

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article we show that $\mathbb{S}/8$ is an $\mathbb{E}_1$-algebra, $\mathbb{S}/32$ is an $\mathbb{E}_2$-algebra, $\mathbb{S}/p^{n+1}$ is an $\mathbb{E}_n$-algebra at odd primes and, more generally, for every $h$ and $n$ there exist generalized Moore spectra of type $h$ which admit an $\mathbb{E}_n$-algebra structure.
World Heritage and Cultural Landscapes: An Account of the 1992 La Petite Pierre Meeting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes that took place at La Petite Pierre, France, in October 1992 was a pivotal or key moment in global heritage practice. The meeting is highly regarded by heritage practitioners for having fashioned a document defining cultural landscapes in relation to Article 1 of the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Six weeks later the document was adopted at the 16th meeting of the World Heritage Committee. This paper traces how the La Petite Pierre meeting was the culmination of two intersecting historical trajectories: the first a narrative concerning the complex deliberations of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee between 1984 and 1992; and the second a lesser-known story linked to the work of a small, determined group of networked individuals allied via the ICOMOS UK Landscape Working Group established in 1990. Drawing on oral testimony and archival sources, the leading role of selected Working Group members in the construction of the report on cultural landscapes prepared at La Petite Pierre is examined. In addition, the concepts and terminology used to define categories of cultural landscape are explored to illustrate both novel and conservative aspects of the work of the meeting. The paper concludes with the suggestion that these categories, which have been retained unchanged in UNESCO's Operational Guidelines from 1992, warrant review and amendment.
Fine-Modulation\nof Perovskite Ion-Additive Binding\nInteraction Using Multidentate Ligation for High Performance Perovskite\nLight-Emitting Diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Research on perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs)\nhas primarily\nfocused on modulating crystal growth to achieve smaller grain sizes\nand defect passivation using organic additives. However, challenges\nremain in controlling the intermolecular interactions between these\norganic additives and perovskite precursor ions for precise modulation\nof crystal growth. In this study, we synthesize two triphenylphosphine\noxide (TPPO)-based multidentate additives: bidentate hexane-1,6-diyl-bis(oxy-4-triphenylphosphine\noxide) (2-TPPO) and tetradentate pentaerythrityl-tetrakis(oxy-4-triphenylphosphine\noxide) (4-TPPO). We investigate the crystallization of perovskites\nthrough real-time crystal growth analyses and theoretical calculations.\nAs the extent of multidentate binding increases, perovskite crystallization\nslows down gradually. The multidentate TPPO additives exhibit strong\nbinding to Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions through multidentate ligation in the\nprecursor solution, leading to retarded halide-mediated crystal growth,\nreduced crystallite size, and enhanced exciton binding energy. Moreover,\nthese multidentate additives reduce trap-mediated nonradiative losses\nby forming stronger multiple bonds with undercoordinated Pb<sup>2+</sup> defects in perovskite films, while also promoting effective strain\nrelaxation. The synergistic effects of the multifunctional and multidentate\n4-TPPO additive result in highly efficient PeLEDs, with a maximum\ncurrent efficiency of 81.12 cd A<sup>–1</sup> and a maximum\nexternal quantum efficiency of 25.19%. Our findings demonstrate the\nsuccessful manipulation of crystallization dynamics through the control\nof additive and Pb<sup>2+</sup> multidentate binding interactions,\npresenting an effective strategy for application-specific crystal\ngrowth.
Object/Scene Recognition Based on a Directional Pixel Voting Descriptor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Detecting objects in images is crucial for several applications, including surveillance, autonomous navigation, augmented reality, and so on. Although AI-based approaches such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven highly effective in object detection, in scenarios where the objects being recognized are unknow, it is difficult to generalize an AI model for such tasks. In another trend, feature-based approaches like SIFT, SURF, and ORB offer the capability to search any object but have limitations under complex visual variations. In this work, we introduce a novel edge-based object/scene recognition method. We propose that utilizing feature edges, instead of feature points, offers high performance under complex visual variations. Our primary contribution is a directional pixel voting descriptor based on image segments. Experimental results are promising; compared to previous approaches, ours demonstrates superior performance under complex visual variations and high processing speed.
Akinetes of the Cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7524: Macromolecular and Biochemical Changes during Synchronous Germination

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary: Akinetes of Nostoc PCC 7524 germinated synchronously when diluted into fresh medium in the light in the absence of a source of combined nitrogen. The akinetes and their daughter cells were unable to fix N2 until the first heterocysts differentiated in the young three-celled filaments after 19 h. The large glycogen reserves of the mature akinetes were not necessary for germination, since fixation of CO2 commenced immediately and 70% of the fixed carbon accumulated as glycogen. Although cyanophycin was degraded after 6 h, this reserve material was subsequently resynthesized with concomitant breakdown of phycocyanin. These nitrogen reserves were not required for protein synthesis, which was initiated immediately after the induction of germination, apparently at the expense of another, non-proteinaceous, reserve material. Although RNA synthesis occurred without lag, DNA synthesis commenced only after 80 min. Quantitatively similar changes were observed during germination in the presence of combined nitrogen except that neither cyanophycin nor phycocyanin were degraded and balanced growth was achieved more rapidly.
Freedom at home: state constitutions and Medicaid funding for abortions.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until the twentieth century, state constitutions were the primary guardians of individual rights. In fact, state bills of rights existed prior to the federal constitution.' But when the Supreme Court federalized civil liberties jurisprudence by applying the Bill of Rights to the states, most state courts began to defer to the judgments of the United States Supreme Court on individual liberty.2 All state constitutions, however, have bills of rights provisions protecting individuals from government actions. Until recently, these guarantees were either ignored or interpreted co-extensively with the bill of rights provision in the federal constitution. As former Justice William Brennan counselled, however, [t]he legal revolution which has brought federal law to the fore must not be allowed to inhibit the independent protective force of state law-for without it, the full realization of our liberties cannot be guaranteed. 3 And, in the wake of eroding federal protection for fundamental rights, a new state constitutional jurisprudence has begun to emerge. The federal constitution provides a floor of minimum level protection for its citizens. Now, state courts are reading their constitutions more expansively even where the state and federal constitutions have similar or identical language. 4 This Article addresses the multiplicity of accounts of a woman's procreative choice. In particular, it examines the funding of abortions under Medicaid-the joint federal-state reimbursement medical assistance program established by Title XIX of the Social Security Act.' The Article first provides an overview of the Medicaid Program and the Hyde Amendment to the Medicaid Program to restrict medicaid funding for abortion. It then examines the federal right to privacy, and the constitutionality
The acetylation of insulin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The acetylation of the free amino groups of insulin was studied by reaction of the hormone with N-hydroxysuccinimide acetate at pH6.9 and 8.5. The products formed were separated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and were characterized by isoelectric focusing, by end-group analysis, by the incorporation of [3H]acetyl groups in the molecule, and by treatment with trypsin that had been treated with 1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-toluene-p-sulphonamidobutan-2-one (‘tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone’). Three monosubstituted products, two disubstituted products and one trisubstituted derivative were prepared. The α-amino groups of the terminal residues and the ∈-amino group of the lysine-B29 were the sites of reaction. Acetylation of any of the free amino groups did not affect the biological activity of insulin. It was demonstrated, however, that substitution at the glycine-A1 amino group by the larger residues, acetoacetyl or thiazolidinecarbonyl, produced a decrease in biological activity. Modification of the lysine-B29 or phenylalanine-B1 amino groups with these larger reagents did not affect the biological activity. Modification of the phenylalanine-B1 amino group by any of the three substituents resulted in a large decrease in the affinity of insulin for anti-insulin antibodies raised in the guinea pig. Modification of the other two amino groups did not affect the reaction with antibody. These observations are correlated with the tertiary structure of insulin.
A university-developed 35 GHz airborne cross-track SAR interferometer: Motion compensation and ambiguity reduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an airborne Ka-band (35GHz) FMCW interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and its preliminary processing results are presented. Among the issues that had to be addressed in the processing of the SAR imaginer was the correction of range ambiguities through the use of a phase gradient algorithm. In this paper, the results of the 35 GHz InSAR are presented to demonstrate the height mapping capability of the UMass 35 GHz radar system.
Effect of hyperosmotic stress on reverse osmosis biofouling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biofouling is an inevitable process in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), which adversely affects the membrane performance. Cleaning-in-place (CIP) method is commonly conducted to combat this issue. However, this may result in process downtime, membrane degradation, increased operation costs, and environmental contamination due to CIP chemicals disposal. As a more efficient and chemical-free alternative to conventional cleaning method, the engineered application of osmotic backwash by injecting a high salinity (HS) solution into the feed stream has been developing. Many past studies concentrate primarily on the physical cleaning mechanism of the osmotic backwash in removing biofilm, but not on how the hyperosmotic stress induced by the HS solution chemically alters the bacterial biofilm, leading to the detachment. Hence, this report aims to find out the optimal operating conditions for HS treatment in terms of HS treatment duration and salt concentration. Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution of 0.6 M with mix-culture bacteria (Bacillus sp. and Vibrio sp.) was used as model feed water to simulate the natural seawater. By varying the duration of HS treatment, the flux recovery was assessed as the parameter of cleaning efficiency. The biofilm compositions after cleaning were examined with a range of characterization analysis regarding the total cell numbers, cell viability, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents. The results demonstrated that 1 hour treatment using 2.4 M NaCl reduced the biofilm the most, generating the highest flux recovery. The theoretical explanation of detachment mechanism in a biochemical way was hypothesized to support the findings.