jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with 1st Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: An Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks of gestation is a common complication affecting approximately 20% of pregnant women, often linked to factors such as implantation bleeding, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical pathology. This hospital-based observational study, conducted over one year at the Department of OBG in Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, evaluated the factors associated with first trimester vaginal bleeding and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. With a sample size of 120 women meeting specific inclusion criteria, the study found that threatened miscarriages were the most common outcome, with a significant portion of cases progressing to viable pregnancies. The research underscores the importance of early diagnosis and close monitoring to improve neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for enhanced prenatal care for women experiencing first trimester bleeding to minimize complications.
IS THE SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW CONNECTED WITH THE VALUES OF A RESPONSIBLE AND MORAL PERSON? (STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN THE ERA OF MACROSHIFT)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article raises the question of whether the scientific worldview is connected with the values of a responsible and moral person. It is viewed both from a historical and a modern perspective. There are two historical approaches to solving this issue: coming from the works of Nicholas of Cusa and Descartes, where the influence of science on human consciousness is recognized, and the rational approach, which actually denies such an influence. Using the example of the author’s case of Tsvetaeva’s personality reconstruction, a hypothesis is introduced that characterizes the features of modern science in the era of macroshift. The author shows that modern science (humanitarian, social and possibly natural science in the field of non-classical rationality) should include, firstly, the position and values of the subjects that are studied in it, secondly, the position and values of the researcher himself, third, analysis of the influence of sociality on the consciousness of individuals, as well as the capture of social structures by a passionate community or individual. If, for example, Pushkin at the turn of the 30s experienced a spiritual revolution, reconsidered his life and began to work, as Pyotr Chaadaev persistently advised him, for the benefit of Russia and its culture, then Tsvetaeva was never able to overcome her egoism and poetic vanity and, in part, , so she died herself and unwittingly contributed to the death of her beloved son Moore. Analysis of the position of the researcher himself allows us to understand what impact the humanist had on the subject being studied, what interested him in him (as M. Bakhtin wrote: not one spirit, but two — the one being studied and the one studying, the interaction of spirits). Socio-humanitarian sciences in the era of macro shift must not only reconstruct the positions of individuals (subject to research and the author), but also, on the one hand, analyze the factors of sociality that transform human consciousness, on the other hand, on the contrary, explain how individual communities or individuals can capture social structures, turning them into their organs.
Alternative Recruitment Strategies Influence Saliva Sample Return Rates in Community‐Based Genetic Association Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Collection of saliva for DNA extraction has created new opportunities to recruit participants from the community for genetic association studies. However, sample return rates are variable. No prior study has specifically addressed how study design impacts sample return. Using data from three large‐scale genetic association studies we compared recruitment strategy and sample return rates. We found highly significant differences in sample return rates between the studies. In studies that recruited retrospectively, overall returns were much lower from families with a self‐limiting condition who provided samples at a research centre or home visit, than adult elderly individuals with a chronic disease who provided samples by post (59% vs. 84%). Prospective recruitment was associated with high agreement to participate (72%), but subsequent low return of actual saliva samples (42%). A telephone call had marginal effect on recruitment in a retrospective family study, but significantly improved returns in a prospective family study. We found no effect upon DNA yield comparing observed versus unobserved sample collection, or between male and female adult participants. Overall, study design significantly impacts upon response rates for genetic association studies recruiting from the community. Our findings will help researchers in constructing and costing a recruitment protocol.
Michigan State UniversityCFD Analysis in Air-Fuel Premixer Design for Gas Turbine Injector of A Rich-Catalytic Lean-burn RCL ® Combustion Pilot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objectives: Implemented CFD Analyses in designs of air-fuel premixer and postmixer, pilot cartridge without and with swirl effect by using different turbulent fluid modeling. Achievements: o Finished CFD studies of turbulent fluid modeling for air-fuel premixer design. o Supported RCL ® tests. o Accomplished CFD studies in designs of air-fuel premixer and postmixer, pilot cartridge without and with swirl effect by different turbulent fluid modeling. Spin-Offs: o Initiated the use of turbulent fluid modeling in Standard K-Epsilon (SKE) model, Re-Normalization Group K-Epsilon Model (RNG KE), and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for validating and optimizing air-fuel premixer design of gas turbine injector application. o Concentrated on further details of CFD studies in support of validating feasible and optimal designs for a Rich-Catalytic Lean-burn RCL ® Combustion. o Recommended possible designs of air-fuel premixer to reduce the unmixedness percentage and provide lower NOx emissions.
Use of Mycobacterial Culture for the Diagnosis of Smear Negative TB Cases Among New Outpatients at NIDCH, Dhaka

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this prospective study out of 300 randomly selected clinically and/or radiologically suspected TB patients ultimately data of 277 cases were analyzed. Among 23 excluded cases, 6 were positive by microscopy, 5 responded with broad spectrum antibiotics, and 12 were contaminated. After 2 months follow up with anti TB drugs, a total of 124 TB cases were diagnosed of which 121 (44%)were culture positive. Three cases were diagnosed by empirical anti TB treatment. A total of 153 cases were true negative by mycobacterial culture. Of 121 isolates 119 were typical and 2 were atypical mycobacteria. In this group, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of mycobacterial culture were 97.63%, 100%, 100% and 98.1% respectively. Among the culture proven cases; 79% were prevalent in male and 21% in female. Case positivity was significantly higher among patient having symptoms of cough with hemophtysis with or without fever(58%) than the patients with constitutional symptoms. No advanced or cavitary lesions were seen on X-ray among culture proven cases. Majority culture proven cases(72%) had minimal lesion on X-ray. After two months anti TB therapy 119 culture proven cases and three culture negative cases improved clinically and radiologically.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2010; 03 (02): 23-26
The servitization of Taiwan’s ICT manufacturing and its industrial upgrading

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction The information and communications technology (ICT) industry has been considered to be a sector of landmark underlying the success of Taiwan's exportled industrialization and cluster-based development. Taiwan has been widely regarded as one of the major players in the ICT industry and quite a number of Taiwanese-made products, though not necessarily made in Taiwan, within the ICT subsectors, such as motherboards, scanners, monitors, notebook computers, personal computers, integrated circuits (ICs), and liquid crystal display (LCD) panels enjoy signi cant global market shares. What underlies this are the well-regarded production and design capabilities of the Taiwanese ICT producers, which, in turn, have made Taiwan a major source of original equipment manufacturing (OEM)/original design manufacturing (ODM) contract work for prominent, international ICT brand marketers, with the few exceptions of HTC Corporation, Acer, Inc., and ASUS. Due to intensi ed price competition and a trend of "razor-thin prots," a central issue regarding the industrial upgrading of the Taiwanese ICT industry has surrounded the debate on branding versus OEM/ODM manufacturing (Chen et al. 2006; Chu 2009). However, changes in ground realities have brought about a new issue to the sector's industrial upgrading, which arguably has much to do with the servitization of ICT manufacturing.
'Singulares' and Roman Britain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Professor Michael Speidel has recently suggested that the abbreviation SC on military inscriptions does not, as is commonly thought, refer to singularis consularis but to summus curator. In some instances his interpretation is without doubt correct. However, his view that the five examples from Britain are not the guards of the provincial governor but chief accounts-clerks needs further consideration. Speidel argues that the post of singularis consularis is usually abbreviated to sing. or singul. cos. This is quite true, but it must be noted that examination of all the different examples of singulares shows that the post could be abbreviated in a large number of ways; even in the same document it may be written and abbreviated in different ways by the same clerk. At Apulum, the provincial capital of Dacia, no less than ten different ways are used on tile-stamps to refer to the governor's guards, while inscriptions there reveal a further three. Among the tile-stamps is the abbreviation SC, here without any doubt meaning singulares consularis; consequently, there is a firm Continental parallel for the traditional interpretation of the British examples, which Speidel would have changed. Presumably the British (and African) troops preferred a particular style of abbreviation, which was not so favoured elsewhere in the Empire. The only soldier in Britain who was without doubt a strator co(n)s(ularis) significantly and deliberately chose to write the first part of his title out in full, although this meant abbreviating and ligaturing his own name; this suggests that he wished to avoid confusion over the meaning of the normal abbreviation SC, which—in Britain at any rate—referred to singularis consularis.
Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Food Supply on Flight Performance of Olive Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a newly invasive pest of olives, Olea europaea L., in California. The table olive industry is located in California's Central Valley, where daily high summer temperatures can be &gt;35.0°C. This study investigated the effects of high temperatures (heat stress) and food conditions on the flight performance of B. oleae in laboratory flight mill tests. Flies were provided food (honey and hydrolyzed yeast) and water for a 1-wk preconditioning period and then subjected to 24-h preflight exposure to diurnal temperature regimes (low-high temperatures of 18.3–35.0°C and 18–37.8°C) and deprivation of food. Flies with the preflight stress conditions had significantly lower flight performance (1,305 m and 0.989 h at 18.3–35.0°C and 1,152 m and 0.966 h at 18.3–37.8°C) than control files that were held under no-stress preflight conditions (constant 23.9°C, food, and water) and flew 1,982 m for 1.54 h. Flight distance and duration were further reduced when no water was provided during the 24-h preflight exposure to high temperature stress. Flight distance and duration also were decreased when the preflight exposure period was increased to 2 and 3 d. When flies were deprived of food and water during the preconditioning period, there was significant adult mortality and flight performance was poor (&lt;50 m and &lt;2 min) after 24-h preflight exposure to either the 18.3–35.0°C or the 18.3–37.8°C temperature regime and deprivation of food. Heat stress and food deprivation also reduced postflight fecundity and adult longevity. The results are discussed with respect to the ability of B. oleae to survive summer heat and food deprivation by dispersing to refuges with food, water, and shelter.
Preventing forced marriage: a comparative analysis of France and Great Britain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims at ascertaining via a cross-country/cross-city comparison why different national contexts characterized by allegedly opposite ideologies concerning the incorporation of immigrants (namely, the British Race Relations/multicultural model and French republicanism) have led to the adoption of similar policy tools in the prevention of forced unions amongst young people of ethnic minority background. In order to do so, the study will examine French republican and British multicultural rhetoric and policies aimed at the prevention of forced marriage at different institutional levels, with a focus on the preventive role played by the educational sector and within a historical institutionalist theoretical framework. The comparison begins with a consideration of French and British national rhetoric and policies against forced marriage from 1997 to 2008 to develop an adequate framework for the analysis of the preventive role attributed to educational policies in four major localities (the capital cities, Paris and London, and the second two largest cities per population size, Lyon and Birmingham). Despite differences in the policies and rhetoric adopted by multicultural Britain and republican France to tackle forced unions, the study hypothesizes a common trend in the ways French and British public authorities conceptualize the practice of forced marriage - intended mainly as the product of cultural difference. Similarities in the conceptualization of the practice, in turn, have contributed to the identification of similar policy tools despite dissimilar institutional contexts. Such a hypothesis contrasts with one of the key claims of historical institutionalism, according to which dissimilar institutions lead to different policy outcomes across different countries. The study will introduce the role of ideas – in the form of frames (Bleich 2003) – as a tool to explain the reasons why French and British policies aimed at the prevention of forced unions have led to similar policy outcomes despite dissimilar institutional contexts.
ϕ-modes of neutron stars in a massless scalar–tensor theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Scalar–tensor theories allow for a rich spectrum of quasinormal modes of neutron stars. The presence of the scalar field allows for polar monopole and dipole radiation, as well as for additional higher multipole modes led by the scalar field. Herein, we present one family of the modes which are dominated by the scalar fields, the scalar-led ϕ -modes computed numerically with a shooting method, for the lowest multipoles, that is, l = 0, 1, and 2 for a massless scalar–tensor theory of the Brans–Dicke type, motivated by the R2 theory, and compare with those of a minimally coupled scalar field in general relativity. We consider a set of six realistic equations of state and extract universal relations for the modes.
Poxvirus membrane biogenesis: rupture not disruption

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enveloped viruses acquire their membrane from the host by budding at, or wrapping by, cellular membranes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, however, suggested that the prototype member of the poxviridae, vaccinia virus (VACV), may create its membrane 'de novo' with free open ends exposed in the cytosol. Within the frame of the German-wide priority programme we re-addressed the biogenesis and origin of the VACV membrane using electron tomography (ET), cryo-EM and lipid analysis of purified VACV using mass spectrometry (MS). This review discussed how our data led to a model of unconventional membrane biogenesis involving membrane rupture and the generation of a single open membrane from open membrane intermediates. Lipid analyses of purified virus by MS suggest an ER origin with a relatively low cholesterol content compared with whole cells, confirming published data. Unlike previous reports using thin-layer chromatography, no depletion of phosphatidylethanolamine was detected. We did detect, however, an enrichment for phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol in the virion. Our data are discussed in the light of other pathogens that may requirecellular membrane rupture during their intracellular life cycle.
Effects of temperature on the establishment potential in the U.K. of the non‐native glasshouse biocontrol agent Macrolophus caliginosus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study investigated the effect of temperature on the development and winter survival of the predatory mirid Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner, recently introduced into the U.K. as a biocontrol agent for glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum . The developmental threshold for M. caliginosus calculated by three methods was between 7.3 and 8.4 °C, with a day‐degree requirement per generation varying between 472 and 524 day‐degrees. It was estimated that under outdoor conditions M. caliginosus could complete two generations per year in the U.K. All life stages of M. caliginosus had supercooling points around −20 °C, with some pre‐freeze mortality evident in both acute and chronic low temperature exposures. Acclimation increased survival of nymphal M. caliginosus from approximately 24–52 days when exposed to a constant 0 °C. Provision of prey extended survival of nymphs in the laboratory at a constant 5 °C from 39 to 64 days and in the field by c . 150 days. The results are discussed in the context of the occurrence and establishment of M. caliginosus in the U.K. and the need to develop a reliable risk assessment system for non‐native species used in glasshouse biocontrol.
Proprotein convertase PACE4 is down-regulated by the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor hASH-1 and MASH-1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PACE4 is a mammalian subtilisin-like proprotein convertase that activates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-related proteins such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), BMP4 and Nodal and exhibits a dynamic expression pattern during embryogenesis. We recently determined that the 1kb 5′-upstream region of the PACE4 gene contains 12 E-box (E1–E12) elements and that an E-box cluster (E4–E9) acts as a negative regulator [Tsuji, Yoshida, Hasegawa, Bando, Yoshida, Koide, Mori and Matsuda (1999) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 126, 494–502]. It is known that the mammalian achaete–scute homologue 1 (MASH-1) binds specifically to an E-box (CACCTG) sequence in collaboration with E47, a ubiquitously expressed basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) factor. To identify the roles of the bHLH factor and E-box elements in regulating PACE4 gene expression in neural development, we analysed the effects of human achaete–scute homologue 1 (hASH-1) on PACE4 gene expression with various neuroblastoma cell lines. The expressions of PACE4 and hASH-1 are correlated inversely in these cell lines. The overexpression of hASH-1 or MASH-1 causes a marked decrease in endogenous PACE4 gene expression but has no effect on the expression of other subtilisin-like proprotein convertases such as furin, PC5/6 and PC7/8. In contrast, other neural bHLH factors (MATH-1, MATH-2, neurogenin 1, neurogenin 2, neurogenin 3 and E47) did not affect PACE4 gene expression. Furthermore, an E-box cluster was a negative regulatory element for the promoter activity in NBL-S cells expressing hASH-1 at high level as determined by a luciferase assay. Binding of hASH-1 to the E-box cluster was confirmed by gel mobility-shift assay. In the present study we identified the PACE4 gene as one of the targets of hASH-1, which is a key factor in the initiation of neural differentiation. These results suggest that the alteration of PACE4 gene expression by hASH-1 causes rapid changes in the biological activities of TGF-β-related proteins via post-translational modification of these proteins.
Studies on rDNA of Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Pratylenchus spp. By ITS-RFLP

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ITS regions of Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Pratylenchus spp. were studied by ITS-RFLP. A 400bp fragment of ITS1 and a 1100bp fragment of whole ITS region were amplified by PCR from all of 7 populations which belong to the two generas. Then ITS region were digested by three restriction endonucleases AluⅠ, HaeⅢ and SauAⅢ. The difference between the populations of Tylenchulus semipenetrans and the populations of Pratylenchus spp. was found according to the pattern of digestion by HaeⅢ.
Enthymeme as epigrammatic structure the concept of Jacob Masen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Baroque epigrams are sometimes criticised and considered as not interesting and sophisticated enough. It appears that today’s readers and interpreters may be wrong not only in their judgements but also in their understanding of the achievements of the past era. With the passage of time, literary studies have lost the enthymeme, which is a major component of the creative process and one of the methods for interpreting the meaning of poetry. The principles applied when using rhetorical syllogism in poetry are discussed in chapter eight of the work entitled Ars nova argutiarum by one of the most eminent Jesuit scholars of the 17th century, namely Jakub Masen. The author deals with the understanding of enthymeme as it is established in dialectics and rhetoric, based on Aristotle’s lecture. On the one hand, Masen leans towards the so-called stylistic concept of understanding the phenomenon, linking it – in principle – with the composition of the work. His lecture is illustrated with numerous examples and shows how to combine syllogism with other poetic means. The Jesuit’s work is all the more valuable because it was a kind of itinerarium for beginners in the art of poetry. The work allowed students and readers to discover nuances of the creative process. Today, it can be a useful tool in “deciphering” the message contained in epigrams, which will allow for even more effective and correct explanation and interpretation of the epigrams of the past