jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid in management of small testicular Leydig cell tumours: A case report with literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Small testicular solid lesions are discovered accidentally due to the extensive use of ultrasound in urology and andrology. Early differentiation between benign and malignant testicular neoplasms is crucial for the determination of treatment options, especially for sub-centimetre lesions. We report a case of a male patient with an incidental discovery of a small testicular lesion on ultrasonography with the chief complaint of left testicular discomfort. The blood-flow distribution and microbubble dynamics in the lesion were evaluated through contrast-enhanced ultrasound using Sonazoid intravenous bolus injection, the rapid and intense enhancement pattern tended to be testicular Leydig cell tumour. Through testicular-sparing surgery, the lesion was excised, and benign testicular Leydig cell tumour was confirmed by post-operative pathology and immunohistochemical pathology. No sign of recurrence or metastasis was detected during follow-up.
Mesenteric lymph nodes status influencing survival and recurrence pattern after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prehepatectomy carcinoembryonic antigen level and mesenteric lymph node metastases of the primary tumor were the most important predictive factors for long survival after hepatectomy. Patients with these risk factors should be closely followed up with regard not only to the remnant liver but also extrahepatic organs.
Use of oxygen for optimizing decompression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For over 70 years, decompression has been facilitated by the use of elevated oxygen partial pressures. Oxygen has been administered even though little is known about the proper dosage or the way in which this benefit is derived. The historical literature indicates that there is an envelope or narrow range of oxygen partial pressures that can be used. If the oxygen is too low, the incidence of decompression sickness increases; if the oxygen is too high, oxygen poisoning becomes a problem. The present study was designed to explore this oxygen envelope and to define the relationships between oxygen partial pressure, exposure time, and pressure, and to delineate their effects on pressure-reduction limits. To define the ED50 (the effective dose that produced signs of decompression sickness in 50% of the animals), we exposed 820 female albino rats to 42 experimental conditions. Results suggest that the optimum oxygen level and the size of the oxygen envelope both depend on the ambient hydrostatic pressure and the exposure time. For short "shallow" exposures, the optimum oxygen level is high and the oxygen envelope is large; for long "deep" exposures, the optimum oxygen level is reduced and the envelope is restricted.
Disruption of the developmental programming of the gonad of the broad snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) after in ovo exposure to atrazine.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Environmental exposure to agrochemicals during early stages of development can induce subtle alterations that could permanently affect normal physiology. Previously, we reported that in ovo exposure to atrazine (ATZ) disrupts testicular histoarchitecture in postnatal caimans ( Caiman latirostris ). To assess whether such alterations are the result of disruption of gonadal developmental programming, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of histofunctional biomarkers (VASA, ER, PR, PCNA, and aromatase) and genes involved in gonadal development and differentiation ( amh , sox-9 , sf-1 and cyp19-a1 ) in the gonads of male and female caiman embryos and to assess the effect of ATZ exposure on these biomarkers and genes in the gonads of male embryos. Our results suggest that amh , aromatase and sox-9 play a role in sex determination and gonadal differentiation. In male caiman embryos, ATZ exposure increased aromatase expression and altered the temporal expression pattern of amh and sox-9 evidencing an ATZ-induced disruption of gonadal developmental programming. Since the effects of ATZ are consistent across all vertebrate classes, the ATZ-mediated disruptive effects here observed could be present in other vertebrate species.
Now Available LITHIUM SALTS in Tonnage Quantities

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTNow Available LITHIUM SALTS in Tonnage QuantitiesCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1954, 32, 42, 4247Publication Date (Print):October 18, 1954Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 18 October 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v032n042.p4247Copyright © 1954 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (79 KB) SUBJECTS:Lithium,Salts Get e-Alerts
A Machine Learning-based Change Detection Scheme for the Remote Sensing Images using Gaussian and Lee filters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents an updated change detection algorithm specifically for remote sensing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and optical images. This method uses Lee and Gaussian filtering techniques to overcome challenges such as speckle noise and illumination changes in SAR images. First, apply the Lee filter to the SAR image and use the Gaussian filter to the optical image to remove noise from the image. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is then used to identify changes in the two images. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method can provide better PCC values and lower total error (PTE) values. Experiments on different SAR and optical images have confirmed the effectiveness of this method.
Feedback control of laser intensity noise

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A fully quantum-mechanical model of feedback to the pump source of a four-level laser is developed with a view to predicting the achievable intensity noise reduction. For solid-state lasers, the model shows that quantum noise sources due to laser dynamics have a significant impact on the optimization of the feedback loop. Experimental results obtained with a diode pumped neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical model. The ultimate limit to the noise suppression comes from the quantum noise due to the measurement processes in the feedback loop. A scheme to overcome this limit using a squeezed vacuum is theoretically demonstrated to be a highly efficient method of generating bright intensity squeezed light, particularly in the kHz regime where bright squeezing is otherwise difficult to obtain.
MALARIA OCCURRENCE FACTOR ANALYSIS BASED ON ELEVATION OF SEA SURFACE IN THE DISTRICT OF OGAN KOMERING ULU, SOUTH SUMATRA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malaria is a public health problem in District of Ogan Komering Ulu South
Sumatra. Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) in 2012 cases of malaria 10 0/00, 2013
increased 26 0/00 and of 2014 decreased 170/00. The pattern spreading of malaria to the
height of a place, closely related. The area at an elevation of above 1000 m above sea
level the less found Anopheles mosquito. The aim to analyze the spatial distribution
patterns of malaria incidence by area elevation of sea surfaceand mapping malaria risk
zone. This ecological study, analyze the correlation between elevation and spreading
of malaria case. The data and the data elevation of sea surface. The result show that
R2=0.84 mean 84% elevation GIS approach and Multiple Linear Regression analysis is
a potentially useful tool. R Square on statistics regression models was 0.84, that 84% of
malaria cases were in uenced by the extent of the height of the sea surface in hectares.
In value Signi cance F of 0.00 or below 0.05, then the regression can be used to predict
the incidence of malaria. The result of statistical analyze showed p= 0.00; Ftable= 3.4
showed the elevation factor in uence to the incidence of malaria signi cantly. This study
con rms that, elevation factor in uence spread of malaria in District of Ogan Komering
Ulu, South Sumatra province.
CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM IN MICE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the congenital transmissim of Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Methods Eighteen pregnant mice were each infected (60±1) cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum and divided into three groups. Group E (n=6) was infected during early gestation. Gloup M (n=6) was infected during mid-gestation. Group L (n=6) was infected during late-gestation. Mice and littermice were examined for worms by perfusion after infection of 30-40 days. Results Although the mothers mice were found with (48 0±4 9)?(33 3±9 4)?(21 0±13 4) worms at Group E?Gloup M and Gloup L respectively, no worms were found in 107 examined littermice, no egg granuloma in liver as well. Conclusion Congenital infection of S. japonicum does not occur at present experiment, which might be attributed to animal species and the dose of infection.
Special Session: Answering How and Why Questions with Qualitative Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Underrepresented groups in engineering education often feel isolated in undergraduate engineering programs, making it difficult for them to reach their full academic potential. Many engineering academic affairs offices provide services and programming to make students feel welcomed and promote conditions for success. Although these programs may benefit students, some students are unable or unwilling to participate. Similarly, faculty professional development efforts for producing a more inclusive learning environment often have uneven impacts. Engineering Academic Affairs professionals often ask what makes their programs work and how they can positively impact students. Addressing these questions necessitates understanding the factors that undergird student success, and the individual student characteristics and histories that promote active engagement. This workshop will introduce innovative qualitative research methods that have been used successfully with student veterans in engineering (SVEs) to reveal their motivations, experiences, salient identities, and conditions that affect their success in engineering education. The session aims to identify research questions that can be answered through qualitative methods, as well as demonstrate methods for eliciting narratives from students who may be reluctant to share their experiences. We provide examples of qualitative methods that have been used successfully to obtain stories from SVEs and demonstrate how qualitative research results can inform practice and policy pertaining to student success. This 90-minute interactive session will describe recruiting, focus group, and interview techniques that provide a deeper understanding of the experiences of students in engineering education. Workshop leaders will model these techniques and participants will have opportunities to develop their own research questions and consider creative techniques to answer those questions. Workshop Agenda • Introductory exercise, workshop overview and framing questions (15) • Focus group techniques and exercise (15) • Pair-share activity/discussion: Developing focus group research questions (15) • Interview techniques and identity circle exercise (15) • Pair-share activity/discussion: Developing interview research questions (25) • Conclusion/questions (5)
How osmolytes influence hydrophobic polymer conformations: A unified view from experiment and theory

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Significance Osmolytes influence protein structure by either promoting (protecting osmolytes) or disrupting (denaturing osmolytes) the folding process. Current consensus is that protecting osmolytes [trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] act by being excluded from the protein surface while denaturing osmolytes (urea) bind to it. However there is little knowledge about the molecular mechanism of osmolyte action on hydrophobic macromolecules, which form the core of most proteins. This work, through a combination of single-molecule atomic force microscopy experiments and computer simulations, investigates the collapse behavior of a hydrophobic polymer polystyrene in TMAO and urea. The mechanism of osmolyte action on hydrophobic macromolecules is distinct from that of a protein, but, despite key differences, both mechanisms comply with the standard thermodynamic theory of preferential osmolyte binding.
An in-pipe internal defects inspection system based on the active stereo omnidirectional vision sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To ensure the safety and serviceability of underground pipeline, it is essential to inspect and assess its structural and functional condition. Underground pipe inner-surface defect inspection is constrained by space accessibility. Thus, in this work we propose a comprehensive in-pipe inspection method based on active stereo omnidirectional vision. In our system, a crawling robot equipped with an active stereo omnidirectional vision sensor travels along the pipeline, taking panoramic images of the internal surface and laser streaks projected from an omnidirectional laser in real time. Afterwards, the internal surface panoramic images are disposed as follows: unwrapping, pre-processing and geometrical features extraction of the defect region, ultimately we classify the defects' category and degree. On the other hand, image sequences with laser streaks are used to extract 3D point cloud data of the inner-surface and calculate the deformation rate of the pipe, this part is not included in this paper. Experimental results show that our system is capable to achieve a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the in-pipe defects such as crack and corrosion, and provide a new approach for inspection of the in-pipe internal surface defects.
Impact of spanwise rotation on flow separation and recovery behind a bulge in channel flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Direct numerical simulations of spanwise-rotating turbulent channel flow with a parabolic bump on the bottom wall are employed to investigate the effects of rotation on flow separation. Four rotation rates, $Ro_b := 2\varOmega H/U_b = \pm 0.42$ , $\pm$ 1.0, are compared with the non-rotating scenario. The mild adverse pressure gradient induced by the lee side of the bump allows for a variable pressure-induced separation. The separation region is reduced (increased) when the bump is on the anti-cyclonic (cyclonic) side of the channel, compared with the non-rotating separation. The total drag is reduced in all rotating cases. Through several mechanisms, rotation alters the onset of separation, reattachment and wake recovery. The mean momentum deficit is found to be the key. A physical interpretation of the ratio between the system rotation and mean shear vorticity, $S:=\varOmega /\varOmega _s$ , provides the mechanisms regarding stability thresholds $S=-0.5$ and $-$ 1. The rotation effects are explained accordingly, with reference to the dynamics of several flow structures. For anti-cyclonic separation, particularly, the interaction between the Taylor–Görtler vortices and hairpin vortices of wall-bounded turbulence is proven to be responsible for the breakdown of the separating shear layer. A generalized argument is made regarding the essential role of near-wall deceleration and resultant ejection of enhanced hairpin vortices in destabilizing an anti-cyclonic flow. This mechanism is anticipated to have broad impacts on other applications in analogy to rotating shear flows, such as thermal convection and boundary layers over concave walls.
Biodegradable Implant Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Implants are medical devices that have critical importance for human health. The functions expected from implant materials have increased with the advancement of medicine and engineering. Implants are used for different purposes in different areas of the body. While some implants must be permanent in the body to fulfill their duties, some implants must be removed from the implanted area after a certain period. If an implant is to be removed from the relevant area after a certain period, an operation is required for this and then, there will be a healing process. The use of biodegradable implant materials eliminates the need for this additional operation. Biodegradable materials leave their place to the tissue gradually in a certain period. Biodegradable implant materials are one of the popular research areas today and many studies are carried out in this field every year. In this chapter, information about implants, biomaterials, biodegradability concept, biodegradable metals, and biodegradable polymers is shared. Also, examples of the use of biodegradable materials in biomedical applications are included.
Enhancer-Trap Studies of the Drosophila Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This chapter focuses on recent developments in enhancer-trap approaches, and in particular the value of cell-type specific markers for unravelling cellular heterogeneity in complex organs. Additional support for a role of Drosophila mushroom bodies in olfactory learning derives from studies of 'biochemical' learning mutants. Expression of the learning genes dunce and rutabaga, for example, occurs predominantly, though not exclusively, in the mushroom bodies. Finally, gynandromorph analysis implicates Drosophila mushroom bodies, or adjacent neuropils, in control of the male courtship repertoire, a behaviour that relies heavily on olfaction. Embryogenesis and metamorphosis, whilst being generally accepted as the most important developmental stages, are the most problematic in terms of lineage tracing, since many genes are likely to exhibit changes in their expression pattern at the times.
Increasing Ratio of Thin to Thick Melanoma Lesions: Pathogenesis and Early Detection of This Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Two New Dipteran Pests on Shiitake Mushroom Camptomyia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Camptomyia is a genus of gall midges belonging to subfamily Porricondilinae. On the study of shiitake mushroom farm in Korea, three species of maggots were collected. Among them, two Camptomyia spp. were recognized as the major pests. Colonies of these maggots were feeding on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom, disturbing the formation of mushroom fruit body. The morphology of C. heterobia and C. corticalis were illustrated with the description.
Variational Inequalities and Vector Optimization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

As very powerful and important tools in the study of nonlinear sciences, variational inequalities and vector optimization have attracted so much attention. Over the last decades, variational inequality and vector optimization techniques have been applied extensively in such diverse fields as biology, chemistry, economics, engineering, game theory, management science, physics, and so on. The thorough study of both theory and methods about variational inequalities and vector optimization contained in the literature will help us to find new variational inequalities and vector optimization techniques for solving the practical problems. The aim of this special issue is to present new approaches and theories for variational inequalities and vector optimization problems arising in mathematics and applied sciences. This special issue includes 24 high-quality peer-reviewed papers that deal with different aspects of variational inequalities and vector optimization problems.These papers contain some new, novel, and innovative techniques and ideas. We hope that all the papers published in this special issue can motivate and foster further scientific works and development of the research in the area of the theory, algorithms, and applications of variational inequalities and vector optimization problems.
Law Enforcement-Perpetrated Homicides

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Police violence of all types receives much attention from the media, and this is especially true for police homicides that often lead to demonstrations and protests. Police violence is a volatile, recurring social justice issue that often receives media attention, leads to demonstrations or protests and increases the tension between law enforcement agencies and the community they serve. Tom Barker examines police homicide and the different behavior patterns that lead to it, ranging from misadventure to intent. To better understand this complex issue, Barker has created 3 main categories: accidental homicides, justifiable homicides and criminal homicides. Barker includes a variety of cases from accidental deaths involving careless, reckless or negligent law enforcement officers to murders committed by LEOs engaged in organized crime or serial sexual homicides. This book will be of interest to those studying criminology, criminal justice, sociology, political science, etc.