jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy‐responsive brainstem lesion accompanied with anti‐galactocerebroside antibody

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Brainstem lesions are a diagnostic challenge and clinicians have to differentiate between many diseases including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis (MS), Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) and brain tumors. The anti‐galactocerebroside (Gal‐C) antibody is an anti‐glycolipid antibody that is often detected in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. However, anti‐Gal‐C antibody is rarely detected in autoimmune central nervous system diseases. Here, we report the case of an anti‐Gal‐C antibody‐positive patient who had a brainstem lesion that mimicked MS and responded to immunotherapy. Case presentation We report a 32‐year‐old woman who presented with subacute numbness of the right lower extremities and hemiataxia. Her cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an elevated myelin basic protein level and an oligoclonal band. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a T2 high‐intensity lesion from the left brainstem to the cerebellum. She was treated with steroid pulse therapy, but internuclear ophthalmoplegia and left peripheral facial palsy developed. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an enlargement of the brainstem lesion. Therefore, plasma exchange therapy and high‐dose immunoglobulin therapy were administered, and her symptoms eventually ameliorated. First, we diagnosed her with MS and started dimethyl fumarate. After anti‐GM2 and anti‐Gal‐C antibody positivity was revealed, we diagnosed an anti‐Gal‐C antibody‐related brainstem lesion. There have been few reports of anti‐Gal‐C antibody‐positive central nervous system diseases. Conclusions The present case highlights that an anti‐Gal‐C positivity can cause brainstem inflammatory lesions, which should be differentiated from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and MS. The patient’s symptoms improved with intense immunotherapy, and antibody measurement led to the discontinuation of unnecessary disease‐modifying drugs.
The efficiency of balanced and unbalanced production lines

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Three previous authors have presented some evidence in support of the hypothesis that the output rate of perfectly balanced lines with variable station (or operation) times can be improved by deliberately unbalancing the lines in different ways, i.e. through different methods of assigning unequal operation times to the respective stations. This paper reports on the rather extensive computer simulation experimentation undertaken with various configurations of production lines to compare the effectiveness of the three conjectures. Results confirm that only one of these conjectures—the ‘bowl-phenomenon’ method of assigning comparatively lower operation times to the middle stations—consistently results in better output rates than those of balanced lines as well as lines which are unbalanced in accordance with other methods. Although the ‘bowl-phenomenon’ method is found to exist in general, the extent of improvement over the output rate of balanced counterparts increases directly with the number of stations in the line and operation time variability and inversely with the interstage buffer capacity allowed in the line. Nevertheless, production lines of all lengths can be appreciably unbalanced according to the ‘bowl-phenomenon’ method without loss of output, particularly when interstage buffer capacity is small and operation time variability high.
Efforts to reduce homemaker/home health aide turnover in a home care agency

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) of the Denver area conducted an action research project that identified and reduced high turnover rates of homemakers and home health aides. The research team worked to minimize attrition in the VNA's professional staff, which had annual turnover in excess of 95% and staffing losses as high as 60% from the first to the second day of employment. Through a collaborative effort within the organization, the team decreased turn over and reduced staffing losses to 25%, resulting in a first-year savings to the VNA of more than $5,900. Key words: reduction of home health aide turnover
Heuristic Methods in Applied Probability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research program is the development of heuristic and algorithmic approaches to various problems of engineering and applied mathematical interest. This research program was initiated under the guidance of Professor Marcel F. Neuts. Unfortunately, a substantial revision of the project budget required his resignation from the project. Thus, in this report, we will summarize the work of Dr's Julia L. Higle, who investigates problems of stochastic optimization and develops non-accident based measures of vehicular traffic hazards, and Jeffrey B. Goldberg, who investigates problems of design for reliability and manufacturability, decision making in Just-In-Time manufacturing systems, and approximation models for spatially distributed queueing systems. These investigators and the students supported during the final year of this grant work in quite diverse areas, but share a strong interest in algorithmic methodology.
ACCURATE PELVIC BINDER POSITION IMPROVES DIASTASIS REDUCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Circumferential pelvic binders have been developed to allow rapid closure of the pelvic ring in unstable fracture patterns. Despite evidence to support the use of pelvic binders, there is a paucity of clinical data regarding the effect of binder position on symphyseal diastasis reduction. All patients presenting to the UK9s military hospital in Afghanistan who survived and underwent pelvic radiography were reviewed. Cases were identified by retrospective assessment of all digital plain pelvic radiographs performed between January 2008 and July 2010. All radiographs and CT images were assessed to identify the presence of any pelvic fracture. Patients were grouped into three categories according to the vertical level of the buckle: superior to the trochanters (high), inferior to the trochanters (low) and at the level of the trochanters (troch). Diastasis reduction was measured in patients with Anterior-Posterior Compression (APC) grades II and III, or Combined Mechanical Injuries(CMI). Comparison of diastasis reduction between the high and troch groups was assessed by an independent samples Student9s t-test. We identified 172 radiographs where the metallic springs in the buckle of a SAM Pelvic Sling ™ were clearly visible. The binders were positioned at the trochanteric level in 50% of radiographs. A high position was the commonest site of inaccurate placement (37%). In the patients with fractures and an open diastasis, the mean pelvic diastasis gap was 2.75 times greater in the high group compared to the trochanteric level (mean difference 22 mm) (p Application of pelvic binders superior to the greater trochanters is commonplace and associated with inadequate fracture reduction, which is likely to delay cardiovascular recovery in these significantly injured casualties.
Interaction of the Ustilago maydis KP6 killer toxin with sensitive cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The dsRNA viruses of the corn pathogen Ustilago maydis encode toxins that affect sensitive strains of the same species and related species. The KP6 toxin encoded by the P6 virus subtype is a binary toxin, consisting of two polypeptides, α (8-6 kDa) and β (9-1 kDa) with no covalent or hydrogen bonds between them. In this study the effect of each polypeptide was tested on sensitive and resistant cells and spheroplasts of U. maydis. The results indicate that both polypeptides bind to intact cells from sensitive and resistant strains; however, only spheroplasts of sensitive strains are affected by the toxin and both α and β are necessary to affect the spheroplasts.
Refugee Camp Population Estimates Using Automated Feature Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Throughout 2018, approximately 68.5 million people were forcibly displaced due to armed conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations around the world; of those, 40 million were internally displaced persons (IDP), 25.4 million refugees, and 3.1 million asylum-seekers. Effective management of refugee and IDP camps rely on accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive population estimates. However, obtaining this information is not always easy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a methodology and custom toolset that estimates populations based on dwellings derived from automated feature extraction of high-resolution, multi-spectral orthorectified imagery. Estimates were determined for five Rohingya refugee camp populations and compared with United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) baseline data to determine accuracy.
Test Bed Development for Inter-organizational Process Simulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advanced system architectures or frameworks proposed by researchers are usually verified by implementing their prototype systems, but it is very difficult to integrate them with operating legacy systems to show their applicability. Thus, a test bed approach is widely adopted to provide a system environment that imitates the operations of real legacy systems and their interactions. In this paper, we introduce our experiences to implement a test bed as a system environment on which we have implemented a prototype system to verify our studies for process information sharing. The test bed simulates simultaneously operating workflow systems and their interactions. We also show the result of the prototype system that was implemented on the test bed.
Nazarov Cyclization of Bis([2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienyl) Ketone: First Synthesis of a Bis([2.2]paracyclophane)-Annelated Cyclopenta-1,4-diene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The annelation of five-membered rings onto the bridges of [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene (1) can be achieved via Nazarov cyclization. Depending on the reaction conditions, bis([2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienyl) ketone (4) yielded the cy-clopentenone 8 or the α-substituted cyclopentanones 3–7 with two annelated [2.2]paracyclophane units. The synthesis of 1:2-(1:2-[2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dieno)-4:5-(9:10-[2.2]paracyclophane-1-eno)cyclopenta-1,4-diene (10) from 8 as a potential ligand for metallocene complexes and generation of its anion 11 is also described.
THE RELIABILITY OF NAÏVE ASSESSORS IN SENSORY EVALUATION VISUALIZED BY PRAGMATICAL MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The first part of this paper demonstrates a simple graphical way to visualize estimated variances, in terms of a plot of the total initial variance (“SIGNAL”) versus residual variance (“NOISE”), as a pragmatic alternative to tables of F‐tests. The recently developed Procrustes rotation in the bilinear “jack‐knifing” form is then presented as a method for simplifying the comparison of PLS Regression models from different data sets. These methods are applied to sensory data in order to study if naïve (untrained) sensory panelists can produce reliable descriptions of systematic differences between various test meals. The results confirm that three panels of 15 naïve assessors each could give repeatable intersubjective description of the most dominant sensory variation dimensions.
The in situ origin of the globular cluster NGC 6388 from abundances of Sc, V, and Zn of a large sample of stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Chemical tagging of globular clusters (GCs) is often done using abundances of alpha-elements. The iron-peak elements Sc, V, and in particular Zn were proposed as an alternative to alpha-elements to tag accreted GCs in the metal-rich regime, where the dwarf galaxy Sagittarius and its GCs show peculiarly marked under-abundances of these heavier species with respect to Milky Way stars. A handful of stars in NGC 6388 was used to suggest an accreted origin for this GC, contradicting the results from dynamics. We tested the efficiency of the iron-peak method by using large samples of stars in NGC 6388, compared to thousands of field stars in the disc and the bulge of the Milky Way. Our abundance ratios of Sc (185 stars) and V (35 stars) for NGC 6388 are within about 1.5 sigma from the average for the field stars with a similar metallicity, and they are in perfect agreement for Zn (31 stars), claimed to be the most sensitive element concerning the accretion pattern. Moreover, the chemo-dynamical plots, coupled to the bifurcated age-metallicity relation of GCs in the Galaxy, clearly rule out any association of NGC 6388 to the groups of accreted GCs. Using a large set of GC abundances from the literature, we also show that the new method with Sc, V, and Zn seems to be efficient in picking up GCs related to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. Whether this is also generally true for accreted GCs seems to be less evident, and it should be verified with larger and homogeneous samples of stars both in the field and in GCs.
Adapting to Online and Remote Learning: Examining the Educational Assessment Experiences of U.S. College Students Amidst COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We administered a survey to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic assessment in a sample of 992 U.S. college students (Mean age=22.36 years) between February and June 2021. The survey included multiple-choice and open-ended questions asking about students’ experiences before (Fall 2019-early Spring 2020) and during the pandemic-affected periods (late Spring 2020-Spring 2021). While classroom assessment formats showed minimal changes, methods of exam administration differed significantly during the pandemic. Untimed and open-book exams became more prevalent, while in-class proctored exams decreased. Even in Spring 2021, open-book, outside-of-class, and online proctored or unproctored exams remained common. Students who altered their long-term academic plans due to the pandemic expressed frustration with educational experiences and concerns about future job prospects via open-ended responses. Understanding students’ experiences with online assessments can provide valuable insights for the development and administration of fair and valid assessments in online and remote higher education settings.
[Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Background and guidelines for oxygen therapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is still controversial. Standard treatment is pure oxygen either by means of a nasal catheter or oral-facial mask (normobaric oxygen treatment). Since 1960, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been applied in various centres, i.e. treatment in hyperbaric chambers with 100% O2 at 2-2.8 bars absolute pressure. Physically dissolved oxygen at this pressure is sufficient to maintain normal life functions at rest. HBO causes fast reoxygenation of tissues and accelerates the elimination of CO. In this paper, two cases treated with hyperbaric oxygen are reported. Aetiology, pathogenesis and possible sequelae of CO poisoning are reviewed. It is recommended, that all CO-victims, who have been or are unconscious at admission to the emergency ward, should be treated with HBO. In spite of there being comprehensive clinical literature concerning treatment of CO poisoning, there is still a great need for clinically controlled studies.
Performance of broiler marketing in Umuahia area of Abia State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study examined the performance of broiler marketing in Abia State of Nigeria.The specific objectives of the study were to examine the performance of broiler marketing in terms of the marketing cost and returns, marketing margin and marketing efficiency, as well as identify factors affecting the income of broiler marketers in the study area. Primary and secondary data were used for this stud. Forty- five respondents from each category; producer-marketers and sole markers were selected both purposively and randomly from the population across the major markets and production areas in Umuahia North and Umuahia South Local Government Areas of the state. The result of the study showed that the business was profitable though with high marketing margin .In terms of economic efficiency, the marketing was efficient. The significant variables influencing the income of the producer-marketers were marketing experience, purchase cost, feed cost, and other variables such as electricity, depreciation and rent. For the sole marketers, the significant variables influencing their income were marketing experience, ages, experience, feed cost and level of formal education. It is recommended that Government should put into consideration the significant variables in policy formulations and provide conducive environment for the private sector to invest in this business in order to address the meat demand of the citizenry.
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-guided Platelet-rich Plasma Injection Vs Pulsed Ultrasound Therapy on Improving Pain and Function in Athletes with Medial Collateral Ligament Injury of Knee: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee. Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of platelets prepared as an injection to augment the healing process. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Ultrasound (USG)-guided PRP injection in comparison with pulsed ultrasound therapy in improving pain and function in athletes with MCL injury. Materials and Methods: A randomised control trial was done among athletes with partial tears of MCL who visited the Department of Sports Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India from October 2020 to September 2022. Patients with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-diagnosed partial tears of MCL (N=32) were randomised into PRP injection (n=16) and pulsed ultrasound therapy (n=16) groups. The outcomes were compared using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and Lysholm score for function at baseline, 2nd, 6th, and 12th weeks, respectively. Analysis was done using International Business Machines-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 21.0. For comparison between the groups, independent t-test was used. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant improvement seen in the intragroup comparison from baseline to the 2nd, 6th, and 12th weeks in both VAS (p<0.001*) and Lysholm score (p<0.001) in both groups. There were statistically significant differences in mean changes of VAS and Lysholm score between the two groups from baseline to the 2nd week (VAS, p=0.008*); (Lysholm score, p=0.003) and 6th week (VAS, p<0.001*); (Lysholm score, p=0.009) follow-ups respectively, with the PRP group having more improvement. However, there was no significant difference at 12th week (VAS, p=0.088); (Lysholm score, p=0.072) weeks. Conclusion: Given the better results, it is suggested that ultrasound-guided PRP injection may be used as the preferred method of treatment in the management of MCL injuries to return to sports as early as possible.
Calculation for Thermal Parameters of Steam in the Flow Passages of 1000MW Turbine under Variable Operating Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at a high-power turbine of a certain 1000MW electric-generating unit, three calculation schemes were programmed to calculate the thermal parameters of steam in the flow passages. The comparison and analysis between the calculating results and the design values under the turbine rated load (TRL) verified the feasibilities of the calculation schemes. The thermal parameters of steam in flow passages under variable operating conditions were also obtained by the calculation. The calculating results could be the basic data needed by thermal stress analysis and life prediction of the turbine.
Realization of Two‐Dimensional Intrinsic Polar Metal in a Buckled Honeycomb Binary Lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Structural topology and symmetry of a two‐dimensional (2D) network play pivotal roles in defining its electrical properties and functionalities. Here, a binary buckled honeycomb lattice with C 3v symmetry, which naturally hosts topological Dirac fermions and out‐of‐plane polarity, is proposed. It is successfully achieved in a group IV‐V compound, namely monolayer SiP epitaxially grown on Ag(111) surface. Combining first‐principles calculations with angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the degeneration of the Dirac nodal lines to points due to the broken horizonal mirror symmetry is elucidated. More interesting, the SiP monolayer manifests metallic nature, which is mutually exclusive with polarity in conventional materials. It is further found that the out‐of‐plane polarity is strongly suppressed by the metallic substrate. This study not only represents a breakthrough of realizing intrinsic polarity in 2D metallic material via ingenious design but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay of many exotic low‐dimensional quantum phenomena.
How Islamic and Conventional Banks Use Discretionary Loan Loss Provision in Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of DLLP in the banking sector of Pakistan. First, the study identifies the factors affecting the use of DLLP in Islamic banks of Pakistan. Secondly, the study also tries to examine the difference between the use of discretion in Islamic and conventional banks. The study used secondary data collection method and applied regression technique for analysis. The study provide evidence that all the factors including CAR, bank size and profitability effect the use of DLLP in Islamic banks except LD and EBTP. The study also found that conventional banks are more involved in DLLP compared with Islamic banks. The reason may be that Islamic banks in Pakistan work under Sharia supervisory board and avoid the practices of earnings management. The sharia principled are based on fairness, justice, and equal chances of profit and loss. This study may be helpful for regulators who can make policies for financial statements to be more transparent. This study can also be useful for investors to get to know how much discretion banks has made on the main accounting item. Keywords: Loan loss provision, Discretionary loan loss provision, Islamic banks, conventional banks, Earnings Management DOI: 10.7176/JPCR/49-03 Publication date: June 30th 2020
ISO spectroscopy of circumstellar dust in the Herbig Ae systems AB Aur and HD 163296

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using both the Short- and Long-wavelength Spectrometers on board the InfraredSpace Observatory (ISO), we have obtained infrared spectra of the Herbig Aesystems AB Aur and HD 163296. In addition, we obtained ground-based N bandimages of HD 163296. Our results can be summarized as follows: (1) The maindust components in AB Aur are amorphous silicates, iron oxide and PAHs; (2) Thecircumstellar dust in HD 163296 consists of amorphous silicates, iron oxide,water ice and a small fraction of crystalline silicates; (3) The infraredfluxes of HD 163296 are dominated by solid state features; (4) The colourtemperature of the underlying continuum is much cooler in HD 163296 than in ABAur, pointing to the existence of a population of very large (mm sized) dustgrains in HD 163296; (5) The composition and degree of crystallization ofcircumstellar dust are poorly correlated with the age of the central star. Theprocesses of crystallization and grain growth are also not necessarily coupled.This means that either the evolution of circumstellar dust in protoplanetarydisks happens very rapidly (within a few Myr), or that this evolution isgoverned by factors other than stellar mass and age.