jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Candida zemplinina oak chips biofilm on wine aroma profile

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Candida zemplinina (synonym Starmerella bacillaris) is frequently isolated in grape must in different vitivinicultural areas. The enological significance of C. zemplinina strains used in combination with S. cerevisiae has been demonstrated, being wines produced by the above-mixed starter, characterized by higher amounts of glycerol and esters. The ability of this species to compete in a harsh environment such as wine is due to elaborate survival strategies. Biofilm formation is the principal way of resisting environmental stresses and represent the main microbial lifestyle in natural niches. Therefore, in this study 10 strains of C. zemplinina were analyzed to assess cell surface hydrophobicity using microbial adhesion to solvents (MATS) test and tested for their ability to form biofilms on winemaking material such as stainless steel and oak chips. The contribution of C. zemplinina biofilm on this material to wine aroma was evaluated. All strains showed a certain degree of hydrophobicity, and adhered to tested surfaces. In particular, sessile cells on chips ranged from 4.3 Log CFU/mL to 6 Log CFU/mL, while on stainless steel from 2.6 CFU/mL to 4.2 CFU/mL. Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that biofilm developed on oak can modulate the wood-wine transfer of volatile aromatic compounds. Therefore, surface-associated behaviours should be considered in the development of improved strategies to shape aroma profile of wines.
Syphilis and Beyond: A Comprehensive Analysis of Associated Infections and Comorbidities in a Five-Year Retrospective Study in the United Arab Emirates (2018-2022)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study explores the clinical characteristics, associated infections, and management outcomes of syphilis within a specific population over the years 2018 to 2022. With a focus on the frequency, clinical manifestations, and co-infections of syphilis, the research addresses a critical gap in understanding the nuanced dynamics of this sexually transmitted infection and its impact on public health. Methods The study employs a retrospective analysis of data collected from 2018 to 2022, utilizing three key serological tests (Syphilis AB, RPR/VDRL, and TPHA) to characterize syphilis infections within the population. Clinical manifestations and associated infections, including HIV, HBV, HCV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and HPV, are systematically assessed. Treatment rates and re-infection patterns are also analyzed, providing a comprehensive overview of syphilis epidemiology within the studied timeframe. Results The frequency of syphilis, particularly indicated by the Syphilis AB test, exhibited a marked increase in 2020, reaching 96%, suggesting a heightened frequency within the population. RPR/VDRL test results demonstrated consistent frequency, emphasizing the persistent presence of active syphilis infections. Clinical manifestations, such as chancre, skin rashes, alopecia syphilitica, and lymphadenopathy, displayed dynamic patterns over the study years. Co-infection rates varied, with fluctuations observed in HIV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and HPV, while HBV and HCV showed infrequent but stable frequency. The management of syphilis cases demonstrated commendable treatment rates, but an increase in re-infection rates in 2021 highlights the need for continued vigilance. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of syphilis epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associated infections within the studied population. The results offer valuable insights into the dynamic nature of syphilis and its co-infections, informing public health initiatives and interventions. The findings contribute to our understanding of the epidemiological landscape and underscore the importance of sustained efforts in both prevention and treatment to curb the transmission of syphilis and its associated infections. The study, however, calls for continued vigilance and research to address the evolving trends and challenges in syphilis management within the specified population.
Use of a Standardized Learning Tool to Enhance Residents Ability to Diagnose Pneumonia on Chest Radiographs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Resident doctors are required to gain skills in reading chest X-rays. There have been few studies regarding the effectiveness of resident education in reading chest X-ray. Here, we examined the effectiveness of an educational method we developed for radiographic interpretation. Methods: A standardized lecture about diagnosis of pneumonia on chest X-ray was developed in 2012 and given to all first-year postgraduate (PGY1) residents at St Luke’s International Hospital in Japan. The examination was composed of 30 chest X-ray images representing either no disease or pneumonia. For pneumonia films, respondents identify disease location from a choice of 6 answers (right upper lobe, right middle lobe, right lower lobe, left upper segment, left lingular segment and left lower lobe). Total scores were compared before and after the intervention, and again 1 year later. Results: Twenty-one residents completed the 1-year follow-up exam. The overall percentage of correct answers for pre-lecture, post-lecture, and 1-year exams was 58%, 72% and 62% respectively. When we analyzed the data by disease location between pre- and post- educational intervention, percentage of correct answers increased only for images of left lower lobe (LLL) disease, rising from 61% to 88 % (p<0.01), and right middle lobe (RML), increasing from 61% to 88 % (p=0.015). For RML disease images, the percentage of correct answers remained 64 % after 1 year (p=0.007). Conclusion: A standardized lecture on chest X-ray reading enhanced residents’ ability to diagnose pneumonia. While improvements were short-lived, the intervention was particularly effective for difficult-to-diagnose areas such as right middle lobe disease.
Urban Agriculture and Household Welfare: Evidence from Hossana Town, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Urban Agriculture plays a very important role in decreasing hunger and poverty contributing towards sustainable food production and promoting the integration of environmental values in development.Despite its significant role in fulfilling the basic demand of low-income families, however, it continues to get far less attention and lacks the rightful place among policy-makers, urban planners, and authorities.We analyze households' participation in urban agriculture and its effect on household welfare in Southern Ethiopia using cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 176 households in Hossana Town.Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and propensity score matching techniques were used for data analysis.Results: The results revealed that participation in urban agriculture was higher for households with older and female heads and was associated with higher level of nonfarm earnings compared to nonparticipation, with the difference being statistically significant at 5%.On the other hand participating families had a significantly fewer family members, lower access to credit, extension services, and decreased supply of improved input than their non-participating counterparts.Participation was also found to be associated with smaller land ownership and lower access to water, the differences being significant at 5%.Indeed, results of the binary logistic regression indicated that access to credit, access to extension services, access to improved inputs, household size, access to water except income from other sources were important factors significantly enhance participation in urban agriculture practice in Hossana Town.On other hand, propensity score matching model showed that urban agriculture has a positive significant impact on poverty reduction.It was indicated by using two proxy of urban household poverty status (wellbeing) that is consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and asset building per capita.Conclusion: The results indicates that urban agriculture is constrained by a number of factors among which access to credit, access to extension services, access to improved inputs, household size and non-farm income were the major ones.. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that participation in urban agriculture has a significant positive impact on consumption expenditure per adult equivalent.This indicates the direct role of participation in urban farming on improving household welfare.
Extreme inflow events and synoptic forcing in Sydney catchments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Sydney catchment region encompasses over 16,000km2, supplying water to over 4 million inhabitants. However, few studies have investigated the synoptic and climatic influences on inflow in this region, which are crucial for understanding the vulnerability of water supply in a changing climate. This study identifies extremely high and low inflow events between 1960 and 2008 based on catchment averages. The focus of the study is an analysis of the synoptic cause/s of each extreme inflow event. The events are evaluated to identify any trends and also to determine the concurrent significant climatic influences on rainfall over the catchments. Relationships between catchment inflow, rainfall, tropical SST indices, and other influencing factors such as observed wind and temperatures are investigated. Our results show that East Coast Lows and anomalously easterly flow are the drivers of high inflow events, with low inflow events dominated by westerly wind patterns and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
Oral History Audio Files - Sleeping Bear Dunes Region - Port Oneida Area - Miller, 2009

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Audio recordings of oral history interviews with Robert Adair and Pat Carstensen [Patricia Ann Miller] in 2009. Interview with Robert Adair conducted by Tom Van Zoeren on May 21, 2009 focuses on Miller family history, particularly various recollections about and from Ellen Miller. Interview with Patricia Ann Miller Cartensen conducted by Tom Van Zoeren on July 1, 2009 focuses on her grandmother, Ellen Miller and her inn, and also includes information about other family members and the Thoresons. Description of recordings based on summaries available in 'Information on Farms, Families, etc.' series.
A Case of Sporadic Blau Syndrome with an Uncommon Clinical Course

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Sporadic Blau syndrome (SBS), a rare systemic inflammatory disease in children, is associated with NOD2 gene mutations. SBS is often misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) because of their similar clinical manifestations. Herein, we present a case of SBS with an uncommon clinical course. Case Presentation . An 11-year-old girl with recurrent right ankle swelling for 4 years was referred to our hospital. One month before admission, she developed an intermittent high fever. She was diagnosed with systemic-onset JIA on the basis of physical and blood examination results. She was treated with ibuprofen, prednisolone, and methotrexate for 5 years. During this period, her joint lesion showed neither bone destruction nor joint space narrowing on radiography, which are characteristics of JIA. Twelve months after the termination of methotrexate treatment, she presented with bilateral panuveitis. A missense mutation, p.(R587C), was detected in her NOD2 gene, and she was diagnosed with SBS. Then, infliximab treatment was started, and her visual acuity recovered. Conclusion . SBS may sometimes be misdiagnosed as JIA. A joint lesion without bone destruction might be a key feature to distinguish SBS from JIA. Analysis of the NOD2 gene is recommended in such cases.
Theoretic calculation of outgassing throughput at waveguide valve of BEPC II linac and its improv ement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Describes the relationship between the outgassing throughput at waveguide valve and the air pressure in the vicinity of waveguide valve, where the former affects extremely the air pressure in the vicinity of ceramic window of klystron. According to the numerical testing results, the outgassing throughput at waveguide valve is calculated theoretically. Then, the vacuum system is improved in accordance to the vacuum degree required for the ceramic window of the klyston for BEPC Ⅱ linac.
Will more forage pay? : economic aspects of using more pasture and forage on farms : a progress report /

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Excerpts from the report: Much is being done to explore the possibilities of increasing industrial utilization of both the basic and the waste products of agriculture. Less spectacular yet of as great, if not greater, significance are the possibilities in increased utilization of farm products on the farm. Wherever it is feasible to substitute forage crops on acres now producing corn, cotton, or wheat and to utilize them profitably through livestock, opportunities exist for combating the threat of surplus production of these crops. Adjustments of this type also work toward improving the national diet, conserving soil resources, and lending greater stability to farm incomes. Those interested in either on-farm or off-farm utilization of farm products are faced with essentially these questions: (1) Is the proposed means of utilization technically feasible? (2) Will it pay the individual producer? and (3) Will it be to the advantage of the United States as a whole? The hypothesis upon which this study rests is that it is desirable to shift more of our land resources to production of forage if producers can find ways to utilize the forage efficiently and profitably. Three major assumptions are made: (1) That surpluses of cash crops such as cotton, wheat, and corn may again prevail and that profitable alternative uses for some of the land now producing such crops will be needed; (2) that increased production of livestock and livestock products would be desirable from the standpoint of dietary deficiencies and consumers' food preferences: and (3) that a shift to forage crops from the cash crops which may be in surplus will tend to retard erosion and help to maintain soil fertility.
HLA and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A CAT-scan performed six days after the first symptoms disclosed areas of decreased attenuation with a remarkable specific localisation to the putamens.It is tempting to suggest that the transient difficulties in articulation and swallowing, as well as the pyramidal tract symptoms, were due to the influence of oedema on corticobulbar and corticospinal fibres adjacent to the putamen.The CAT-scan finding (figure) is of special interest in relation to the neuropathological findings in fatal cases of methanol intoxication.1-4Orthner3 found symmetrical areas of necrosis in the putamens in 41 of 42 deaths from methanol.Thus the present case suggests that methanol intoxication should be seriously considered when a CAT- scan shows bilateral low-attenuating areas in the putamens.
Management of Urinary Incontinence with Kegel Gymnastics in Elderly Patients with Urine Elimination Disorders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Urinary incontinence is a common issue among the elderly caused by pelvic floor muscle weakness and significantly impacts their quality of life. Objective: This study aims to describe the implementation of Kegel exercises to reduce urinary incontinence symptoms in elderly patients at the Tanjung Agung Health Center. Methods: This descriptive study employed a case study approach involving two elderly patients with urinary incontinence. The intervention included education, demonstration, and evaluation of Kegel exercises conducted over four weeks. Results: Both patients showed a significant reduction in urination frequency, from 14-16 times per day to 5-6 times per day. They also reported improved urinary control and a better quality of life. Conclusion: Kegel exercises are an effective intervention to reduce urinary incontinence symptoms in the elderly. Recommendation: Nurses are encouraged to integrate Kegel exercises into geriatric nursing management with family support to enhance therapy outcomes.
Free Church of Scotland and the territorial ideal, 1843-1900

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Free Church of Scotland's home-mission campaign played a major role in the Church's attempt to define itself as the true national Church of Scotland following the Disruption of the Church of Scotland in 1843. It also represented the Free Church's effort to confront the problems of irreligion and social degradation which accompanied industrialisation and urbanisation. The study begins with the contribution of Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847). As a Church of Scotland minister in Glasgow between 1815 and 1823, Chalmers \nendeavoured to make the parish the focal point for the local community. Chalmers was supported in his ministry by a large voluntary agency which visited local residents and encouraged self-help and communal responsibility. He created a system of day and Sunday schools, and sought to reform the system of poor relief. The aim was to create self-reliant district communities, through what was termed the 'territorial plan'. This thesis argues that Chalmers' posthumous contribution to home-mission work, through his writings on the \nterritorial plan and missionary work in Glasgow and Edinburgh, profoundly influenced the social outreach of all the Presbyterian Churches, and especially the Free Church, in nineteenth-century Scotland. \nTerritorialism gave the Presbyterian Churches a valuable link to those groups in society which had been adversely affected by urbanisation and industrialisation. The thesis also considers how the home-mission movement in Scotland was influenced by external forces such as political, social and economic developments as well as religious matters such as theological controversies, Church union negotiations and a growing disestablishment campaign. This thesis demonstrates how the Free Church's territorial campaign \nwas a fundamental aspect of its commitment to an essentially new, predominantly urban society.
A New Hypothesis for Uterine Carcinogenesis: A Pathway Driven by Modulation of Estrogen Metabolism through Cytochrome P450 Induction in the Rat Liver

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Estrogen dependence is generally accepted as a cue for mammary and uterine carcinogenesis, but recently estrogen metabolite or catechol-estrogen driven pathways have also come under consideration. Endometrial adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Although the cancer is rare in most strains of rodents, it develops spontaneously and can be readily induced in the Donryu rat strain, with many morphological, endocrinological and molecular similarities to the human case. The goal of this review is to weigh the hypothesis for a new pathway for endometrial carcinogenesis driven by modulation of estrogen metabolism through cytochrome P450 enzyme induction using data from the Donryu rat model. To test our hypothesis, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), an active ingredient of cruciferous vegetable, was selected, since it induces cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver which impact on hydroxylation of estrogens. In uterotrophic assays using ovariectomized rats, neither 500 ppm nor 2000 ppm of I3C in the diet caused any estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. However, in our 2-stage rat uterine cancer model, dietary I3C and subcutaneous injection of 4-hydroxyestradiol (4HE), one of hydroxylation metabolites of 17β-estradiol (E2), elevated both incidences of uterine adenocarcinomas and multiplicities of uterine proliferative lesions. I3C treatment increased mRNAs for 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 in the liver, reflecting the distribution of corresponding enzymes immunohistochemically demonstrated. In the uterus, only CYP 1A1 mRNA was increased by the treatment, without reflecting protein expression. In the liver, I3C consistently elevated estradiol 2 and 4 hydroxylation. These results indicate that modulation of estrogen metabolism, particularly to increase 4HE through induction of CYP 1 in the liver, plays a crucial role in promoting effects of dietary I3C on endometrial adenocarcinoma development, providing support for our hypothesis of a new pathway for endometrial carcinogenesis in the rat.
Norethindrone Acetate in the Medical Management of Adenomyosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of norethindrone acetate (NA) in the management of adenomyosis was evaluated with a retrospective chart review of 28 premenopausal women between 27–49 years of age presenting with moderate to severe pelvic pain and bleeding. Bleeding and dysmenorrhea scores were analyzed using paired T-tests. There was significant improvement of both dysmenorrhea and bleeding after treatment. Age showed no correlation with dysmenorrhea or bleeding. Low dose NA could be considered an effective, well-tolerated and inexpensive medical alternative to surgery for treating symptomatic adenomyosis. Large multicentric studies may help validate our findings.
Induction of the synthesis of an additional family of long-chain dolichols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effect of starvation and ageing.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain W303 synthesizes in the early logarithmic phase of growth dolichols of 14-18 isoprene residues. The analysis of the polyisoprenoids present in the stationary phase revealed an additional family which proved to be also dolichols but of 19-24 isoprene residues, constituting 39% of the total dolichols. The transfer of early logarithmic phase cells to a starvation medium lacking glucose or nitrogen resulted in the synthesis of the longer chain dolichols. The additional family of dolichols represented 13.8% and 10.3% of total dolichols in the glucose and nitrogen deficient media, respectively. The level of dolichols in yeast cells increased with the age of the cultures. Since both families of dolichols are present in stationary phase cells we postulate that the longer chain dolichols may be responsible for the physico-chemical changes in cellular membranes allowing yeast cells to adapt to nutrient deficient conditions to maintain long-term viability.
Two Portuguese Cochlear Implanted Dizygotic Twins: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Individual’s hearing performance after cochlear implant (CI) is variable and depends on different factors such as etiology of deafness, age at implantation, and social/family hearing environment. Here we report the case of dizygotic twins, boy and girl, presenting with neurosensorial profound deafness prior CI (age of implantation = 3.5 years old). Both parents have severe/profound deafness, since childhood, and use sign language as primary mode of communication. Clinical and genetic characterization was performed, as well as the assessment of the auditory and oral (re)habilitation after CI, applying a battery of audiological, speech, and language tests. The twin girl and the father were homozygous for the c.35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene, while the twin boy and the mother were compound heterozygotes, both monoallelic for c.35delG and for the deletion del( GJB6 -D13S1830) in the GJB6 gene. The remaining hearing impaired relatives were c.35delG homozygotes. The genetic cause of deafness was thus identified in this family. Some noteworthy differences were observed regarding twins’ auditory and oral performance after CI. Subsequent follow-up of these children allowed us to conclude that those differences were most likely due to the different environment in which the twins have been living than to their different GJB2/GJB6 genotypes.