jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CSD 1770529: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
ROBUST FLIGHT CONTROL FOR LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH TIME VARYING UNCERTAINTY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an alternative techniques for computing linear feedback control law which stablize uncertain linear systems .Specifically, flight control system of aircraft and missiles which contains uncertain parameters.These uncertain parameters may be time varying.Their values, how, ever, are constrained to lie within known compact bounding sets.The main idea involves making Lyapunov derivative negative via a one-dimensional parameter, leading to solve algebraic Riccati equation.Several examples are included to demonstrate the importance of these techniques.
Kava-associated hepatotoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Kava is a shrubby herb that has been used for centuries by the Pacific Island societies as a ceremonial, medicinal, social and recreational beverage. Kava, in the form of aqueous drinks prepared from rhizome and root, was considered "safe" with only mild but reversible adverse effects. However, between 1990 and 2001, there were 82 case reports of severe liver toxicity and even a few deaths among patients consuming kava extract preparations. Due to the continued usage of kava in the U.S. as well as its importance in the Pacific Islands, it is essential to delineate any negative effects that may occur with kava intake. Kava stem peelings, which contain high amounts of the cytotoxic alkaloid pipermethystine (PM), were reportedly incorporated into commercial extract preparations and were hypothesized to have contributed to the toxic effects of kava observed in humans. PM was shown induced oxidative stress and cell death in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, while the active components of the kava plant called kavalactones (KL) failed to induce any changes. However, 10-week treatment of PM (2mg/kg) and kava stem peeling extract (8.7Smg/kg) in CS7BL6 mice failed to induce liver toxicity. Short term administration of PM (10mg/kg) and acetonic kava extracts (100 mg/kg), individually and in combination, also failed to induce liver toxicity in F-344. However, an initial antioxidant stress response was noted in addition to increased CYP4S0 enzyme expression. From the data obtained, kava toxicity observed in humans are likely due to a number of factors including drug interactions rather than direct liver toxicity from PM and kavalactones alone.
The boundary analog of the Carathéodory-Schur interpolation problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Characterization of Schur-class functions (analytic and bounded by one in modulus on the open unit disk) in terms of their Taylor coefficients at the origin is due to I. Schur. We present a boundary analog of this result: necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a Schur-class function with the prescribed nontangential boundary expansion $f(z)=s_0+s_1(z-t_0)+\ldots+s_N(z-t_0)^N+o(|z-t_0|^N)$ at a given point $t_0$ on the unit circle.
PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY INTERFERENCES IN BUKALAPAK ADVERTISEMENT JANUARI-JULY 2017 EDITION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is aimed at explaining the form of language interferences in bukalapak advertisement edisi during January - July 2017. This research used descriptive qualitative method through sociolinguistics approach. The object of the research were the utterances in the Bukalapak advertisement which display by official youtube during Januari up to July 2017. The total number of data used was 131 data. Those data were collected through recording and notetaking. Based on the data analysis, it is found that there is interferences in the Bukalapak advertisement which display by official youtube during Januari up to July 2017. The phonology interferences is divided into two types namely deletion of the sound and addition of the sound. While the morphology interference is the errors in affixation on some Indonesian words.
Smoking Detection Algorithm Based On Improved YOLOv5

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problem of low detection accuracy of small and medium-sized targets in complex scenes, a smoking detection method in public places based on improved YOLOv5 was proposed.Firstly, Mosaic-9 was used to replace the traditional Mosaic data enhancement algorithm to increase the amount of image mixing and improve the learning ability of the algorithm model for small targets. Secondly, the dual channel attention mechanism (CBAM) is introduced to pay more attention to the location of the target in the image and improve the recognition ability of the algorithm model. Then, the upsampling method is changed to transpose convolution, so that the model can better recognize the semantic information in the image and improve the recognition ability of the target region. Then, the SPD-Conv module is introduced to improve the recognition ability of low resolution image and small target image.
Prediction of Potential Host-Pathogen Protein Interactions by Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteins function through interactions with other biomolecules. Here I describe a series of tools developed and applied to study potential interactions between host and pathogen proteins. First, I describe a comprehensive relational database of structurally defined interfaces between pairs of protein domains, PIBASE. A diverse set of geometric, physicochemical, and topologic properties are calculated to describe each complex, its domains, interfaces, and binding sites (http://salilab.org/pibase). This database allows a range of observations, from the atomistic detail of individual interfaces, to the structural organization of protein interaction space. Next, I present a comparative modeling method that uses experimentally determined structures of protein complexes as templates to predict the composition of protein complexes. Candidate complexes are assessed by comparative modeling of the components and subsequent assessment by a statistical potential derived from binary domain interfaces in PIBASE. Moreover, the predicted complexes were also filtered using functional annotation and sub-cellular localization data. The protocol was validated using experimentally observed interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (http://salilab.org/modbase). Finally, I present a global computational protocol that generates testable predictions of potential host--pathogen protein interactions. The protocol first scans the total genomes for host and pathogen proteins with similarity to known protein complexes, then assesses these putative interactions, using structure if available, and finally filters these using biological context, such as the stage-specific expression of pathogen proteins and tissue expression of host proteins. The technique was applied to a set of ten pathogens, including species of mycobacterium, apicomplexa, and kinetoplastida, responsible for "neglected" human diseases. The method was assessed by (i) comparison to a set of known host--pathogen interactions, (ii) comparison to genomics data describing host and pathogen genes involved in infection, and (iii) analysis of the functional properties of the human proteins predicted to interact with pathogen proteins. The predictions include interactions known from previously characterized mechanisms, such as cytoadhesion and protease inhibition, as well as suspected interactions in hypothesized pathways, such as apoptotic pathways (http://salilab.org/hostpathogen). These results suggest that comparative protein structure modeling in combination with genomic and proteomic data can be a valuable tool for the study of inter-specific protein interactions.
The Fiume Crisis: Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire By Dominique Kirchner Reill. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. Pp. 312. Cloth $35.00. ISBN 978-0674244245.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Fiume Crisis: Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire By Dominique Kirchner Reill. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. Pp. 312. Cloth $35.00. ISBN 978-0674244245. - Volume 55 Issue 2
Recent advances in the management of amblyopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methods of detection and treatment of amblyopia as a developmental visual defect are reviewed. Traditional occlusion therapy is compared with recent therapy techniques using square-wave grating patterns as stimuli to increase visual sensitivity. Both methods can help manage amblyopia particularly during stages of early visual development. It is found that the grating pattern stimuli are not in themselves therapeutic, but rather it is probably occlusion in combination with demanding visual tasks which help reduce amblyopia.
Capsule Network Based Modeling of Multi-omics Data for Discovery of Breast Cancer-Related Genes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers all over the world, which bring about more than 450,000 deaths each year. Although this malignancy has been extensively studied by a large number of researchers, its prognosis is still poor. Since therapeutic advance can be obtained based on gene signatures, there is an urgent need to discover genes related to breast cancer that may help uncover the mechanisms in cancer progression. We propose a deep learning method for the discovery of breast cancer-related genes by using Capsule Network based Modeling of Multi-omics Data (CapsNetMMD). In CapsNetMMD, we make use of known breast cancer-related genes to transform the issue of gene identification into the issue of supervised classification. The features of genes are generated through comprehensive integration of multi-omics data, e.g., mRNA expression, z scores for mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and two forms of DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs). By modeling features based on the capsule network, we identify breast cancer-related genes with a significantly better performance than other existing machine learning methods. The predicted genes with prognostic values play potential important roles in breast cancer and may serve as candidates for biologists and medical scientists in the future studies of biomarkers.
Mild cognitive impairment and mood: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary This systematic review, with meta-analyses conducted where data were available, aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to establish how symptoms of depression and anxiety relate to the progression from no cognitive impairment to MCI, and from MCI to dementia. Sixty studies were included in the review. Meta-analyses indicated that symptoms of depression and anxiety were more prevalent in people with MCI than in people with normal cognitive function, and increased the risk of progression from no cognitive impairment to MCI. There were mixed results regarding the effect of such symptoms on progression from MCI to dementia. The findings highlight the need for more research in this area, which can inform attempts to slow or halt the progression of cognitive impairment in later life, with resulting benefits for quality of life.
Assessing the Educational Value of YouTube Videos on Major Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A Cross-sectional Study of the Top 20 Most Viewed Laparoscopic Right and Left Hepatectomy Videos

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Surgical videos uploaded on social media platforms like YouTube augment the learning experience of advanced procedures like major laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). However, because of the heterogeneous quality, the educational value of such videos is unproven. This study assesses the educational value of YouTube’s top 20 most viewed major LLR videos. Materials and Methods: The search terms “laparoscopic hemihepatectomy,” “laparoscopic right hepatectomy,” and “laparoscopic left hepatectomy” were searched on YouTube on October 7, 2020. Exclusion criteria were minor hepatectomy, open hepatectomy, live donor right and left hepatectomy, robotic hepatectomy videos, and nonstandard laparoscopic technique. Videos were graded based on adherence to key steps in LLR and compliance to the modified LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS); 29 of the original 37 consensus statements were used in our study. Results: The videos have a median of 7647 views (range: 2675 to 67,449), a median of 34 likes (range: 3 to 67), and a median of 1 dislike (range: 0 to 22). The median duration of major LLR videos was 11.0 minutes (range: 6.38 to 223 min). Majority of the videos had duration of <30 minutes (n=18/20, 90%). There were 14 videos (70%) demonstrating all defined surgical steps. The liver mobilization was shown in 17 videos (75%). Vascular inflow control of hepatic artery and portal vein and vascular outflow control were demonstrated in 18 videos (90%). Parenchymal transection and hemostasis were shown in all videos. The median LAP-VEGaS score across all 20 videos is 6 (range: 1 to 11) out of 29, translating to a median score of 20.6% (range: 3.4% to 37.9%). Thirteen out of 29 of the LAP-VEGaS criteria graded (44.8%) were not met by any of the 20 videos. Conclusions: The top 20 most viewed surgical videos on laparoscopic right and left hepatectomy may not be the ideal material for the educational value of surgical trainees. The LAP-VEGaS guidelines are too exhaustive for relevance to social media platforms as an educational tool.
Fish Stock Status Assessment in Alue Naga Waters Using A 200 Khz Single Beam Echosounder

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring fish stocks is an important part of sustainable management of fisheries resources. Conducting the current evaluation is very difficult since there are no reliable data on the potential for fisheries in the waters surrounding Banda Aceh city. The hydroacoustic method was used for the first time in the waters of Alue Naga, located north of Banda Aceh, to evaluate the condition of fish stocks. A single beam scientific echosounder with a frequency of 200 kHz was used to collect hydroacoustic data in the area. The collected data was then processed using the Sonar5-Pro software. Cell integration was carried out at an interval of 10 meters vertically with an elementary sampling distance (ESD) of 200 m. While the volume backscattering strength (SV) value tends to be the highest in intermediate layers, the target strength (TS) value was found to be maximum in deeper layer, reaching a maximum value of -49.46 dB at a depth of 51–60 m. Area density value (#.ha-1) was found to be the highest at a depth of 11-20 m, while Biomass (g.ha-1) at a depth of 21-30 m was the highest among other depth layers with a value of 1558 g.ha-1. According to the in-situ catches of Carangoides, Selaroides, Aphareus, Variola, and Priacanthidae, there are a number of potential reef fish resources in the waters of Alue Naga. The findings of this study strongly support the conclusion that the hydroacoustic method effectively provides comprehensive information on the horizontal and vertical distribution of fish in Alue Naga waters.
Research on Material Damage Modes of Escalator Drive Chain

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The use crowd of escalators involves a wide range of people. Therefore, the safety research of escalator is concerned and should be pay more attention to continuously. In the present paper, the multiple material damage modes of escalator drive chain were analyzed. The material damage modes mainly contain the micro cracking, the wear damage and the decarburization defect. The tensile tests and friction&wear experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the material damage modes on the performance of the escalator drive chains in service. The tensile properties of the new drive chains without material damages were superior to those with decarburization defect and wear damage. The friction&wear experimental results indicated that the decarburization defects reduced the wear resistance of the escalator drive chain. The research results implied that the strict quality control and improved maintenance of the escalator drive chain was meaningful for the escalator using security.
Les Radios locales privées en France au travers de l’exemple du département de la Gironde. (1976 – 1986

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary The development of the private local radios in Gironde, as at the national level, is done in a legislative context altered on several occasions but which is never used. The social phenomenon, marginal and claimant of the „free radios“ offering an anarchic character rediscovers quickly its proper laws of regulation which are essentially economic. At the experiences of associatives radios succeed the experiences of business radios with a very clear tendency at the concentration by the integration of the radios in national networks. We have to reflect on the reason which have permitted a such evolution so distant from the initial hopes.
The Influence of Widely Fluctuating Temperatures on Heat Production and Energetic Efficiency of Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Broiler chicks 4 and 4.5 weeks of age were subjected to the following temperature regimens for the experimental periods which ranged from 18 to 24 days in three experiments: cyclic cold temperature (1.7 to 12.8 C), cyclic hot temperature (23.9 to 35 C), cyclic normal temperature (12.8 to 23.9 C), and "changing" temperature. The birds of the "chaning" temperature regimen were rotated from the hot to the cold room and back allowing three days at each temperature on each cycle so that the overall mean temperature was similar for the birds of the changing and the normal regimens during experimental periods. In one experiment three diets with different energy and protein levels were used. The metabolizable energy per kilogram and percent protein were s follows: 3200 and 20 (control diet), 3200 and 17 (low protein diet), and 2800 and 20 (low energy diet). In two other experiments either the control diet or both the control and low energy diets wereused. The response to the different diets was similar at all temperatures so that no diet X temperature interaction occurred. Heat production as a percentage of metabolizable energy intake was least for birds kept at the normal temperature, intermediate for birds subjected to the changing temperatures, and greatest for birds of the cold and hot temperatures. Also, energy gain as percentage of metabolizable energy intake was greatest for birds housed at the normal temperature. The lower energetic efficiency of birds in the changing temperature as compared to birds in the normal temperature suggested an increase in energy cost for maintaining body temperature when chicks were subjected to a widely fluctuating temperature.
Dynamics of path losses between a mobile terminal and multiple base stations in a cellular environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the dynamics of the path losses between a mobile terminal and a small group of base stations, when the mobile traverses an area containing zones where different base stations have the least path loss to the mobile. While moving through the area, the mobile measures signals transmitted by each base station. The measurements involve calculating a running average of the measured signal power over a fixed time period. It is presumed that based on these measurements and typically other inputs, the wireless network supporting the mobile makes handoff decisions. In this paper, we do not attempt to analyze the performance of a practical handoff algorithm. Instead, we focus on the average number of times per meter traveled that a moving mobile must switch base stations in order to be always served by the base station with the least path loss. The switching rate is a function of the mobiles location with respect to the base stations and the velocity of the mobile. For low velocities, the multipath fading is not averaged out completely and, therefore, affects the measured results, while at high velocities the multipath fading is averaged out, but the resolution of the measurement is compromised, and any possible handoff will be delayed (in terms of location).
CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF ENGELMANN'S DISEASE: PROGRESSIVE DIAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Engelmann's disease, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare disorder of bone of unknown etiology characterized clinically by muscle weakness, waddling gait, and crippling leg pain. The diagnosis is confirmed radiologically by sclerotic thickening of diaphyses of long bones and histologically by the absence of osteoclasts with definite evidence of decreased bone remodeling. Three affected children who were treated with corticosteroids showed remission of clinical symptoms. In one boy, tetracycline labeling was performed and biopsied fibular bone was studied histologically and by microradiographs prior to steroid administration and 4 months later. The administration of steroids in this patient was associated with increased bone resorption and histologic evidence of osteon formation with secondary remodeling. The mechanism through which steroids act, remains undefined, but based on changes found in bone histology, we believe that the clinical improvement in this patient is related to specific changes in bone physiology produced by the drug. In this disease, corticosteroids appeared to stimulate osteoclasis, decrease lamellar bone deposition, and thereby produce a more normal histologic picture in bone, Although Engelmann's disease is a rare disorder, it can produce crippling disability. Our studies suggest that steroids deserve further clinical trials in the treatment of this disease.
The Incidence of Thrombotic Events After the Concomitant Use of Andexanet alfa and 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Limited data exists on the safety and efficacy with the concomitant use of 4 factor prothrombic complex concentrate (4F-PCC) and andexanet alfa (AA). This case series describes 7 patients at our institution who received both 4F-PCC and AA for the management of life-threatening bleeding associated with apixaban or rivaroxaban. Four patients received AA due to worsening bleeding after 4F-PCC. Of the 7 patients in this case series, 1 had a documented thrombotic event which was an acute ischemic stroke. The thrombotic event rate in our case series was similar to the incidence of thrombotic events reported with the use of AA alone. In-hospital mortality occurred in 2 of 7 patients with 1 additional patient discharged to hospice care.