jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Politics of the New Pathway to Organ Donation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – To examine the introduction of a practice known as Donation after Cardiac Death (DCD) into Australian hospitals notwithstanding that DCD constitutes a significant shift in medical practice. The shift is from holding off organ donation activities until after death has occurred (the Brain Death Scenario and Uncontrolled Cardiac Death Scenario) to progressing the injured patient to organ donor on the basis of an early prognostic call. The more precise term is 'Controlled DCD'. What is controlled are the timing, location, mode and criteria of death.Findings – Controlled DCD first appears as an 'inpatient trial' in Pittsburgh, United States, in 1992, and has progressed, via various organisations and committees, to being used in a number of countries, including Australia and New Zealand, and being embodied in national, state and hospital protocols. Along the way, concerns that previously precluded such activity have been consistently raised and documented. Operational accounts reported in the medical literature do not acknowledge this history or the ethically problematic aspects of the practice. It is likely that these operational reports and related information sources, together with promotion of the positives of organ donation, have facilitated the practice's progress through the relevant institutional committees.Social implications – Much is at stake when the quest for more organ donors starts changing what can be done to patients. How this practice has come to be tolerated in 2012, despite a number of irresolvable ethical issues, is a matter of vital community interest.Originality/value of chapter – This chapter is part of an ongoing study by the authors.
Double‐balloon enteroscopy in the diagnosis of suspected isolated Crohn's disease of the small bowel

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim Diagnosis of C rohn's disease ( CD ) with isolated involvement of the small bowel remains a major challenge. Diagnostic procedures allowing direct insight into the midgut have become available with the introduction of double‐balloon enteroscopy ( DBE ) and video‐capsule endoscopy ( VCE ). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of DBE in the diagnosis of isolated CD of the small bowel. Methods Sixteen patients (seven males) with suspected CD of the small bowel after exclusion of abnormal changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy including histology underwent DBE and high‐resolution transabdominal ultrasound. Results In seven of 16 (44%) patients, abnormal macroscopic findings were detected by DBE (e.g. ileitis terminalis, inflammatory stenosis, aphthous lesions or jejunal ulcers). In one of thecases, histology confirmed pathognomonic findings consistent with CD . However, the diagnosis of CD was confirmed in 11/16 (69%) patients taking into account the clinical presentation and course of the disease as well as the endoscopic and imaging results. Conclusions In cases of CD with clinical expression limited to the small bowel, DBE is a helpful tool. Nevertheless, in these patients, the combination of clinical findings and additional imaging modalities is required for confirmation of the diagnosis. A suggestive medical history, high‐resolution ultrasound, EGD and colonoscopy lead the algorithm before the assessment with DBE .
The association between perceptions of parent worry and generalised anxiety disorder symptoms in a community sample of adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Parental rearing behaviours, including modelling of anxiety, have been associated with corresponding anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents. However, there is a paucity of research investigating the relationship between worry-related learning experiences from parents and general worry or generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms in children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to examine this association. It was predicted that worry-related learning experiences from parents would be a significant predictor of adolescent GAD symptoms. To evaluate this hypothesis, 348 adolescents from public and private secondary schools in the Southeast were surveyed. Consistent with previous research, the results of this study indicated that observation of parent worry was significantly and positively associated with adolescent GAD symptoms. Overall, these results suggest that parental modelling of worry may be related to the development and maintenance of pathological worry in youth. The findings of this study serve to inform prevention and treatment programmes targeting general worry symptoms in youth.
Theta/SMR Neurofeedback Training Works Well for Some Forensic Psychiatric Patients, But Not for Others: A Sham-Controlled Clinical Case Series

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback could be a promising treatment for forensic psychiatric patients. Increasing evidence shows some patients are unable to regulate cortical activity. Before neurofeedback can be applied successfully, research is needed to investigate the interpersonal mechanisms responsible for patients’ ability to respond to neurofeedback. A single-case experimental design allows for close monitoring of individual patients, providing valuable information about patients’ response to the intervention and the time frame in which changes in clinical symptoms can be observed. Four patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) substance use disorder and various comorbidities participated in a sham-controlled clinical case study. Self-report level of impulsivity and craving were assessed. Results indicate that one patient showed more improvements on behavioral measures after the neurofeedback training than did the others. This patient reported less impulsivity and reduced levels of self-reported craving. However, these findings could not be attributed to the neurofeedback intervention. The findings suggest that there is insufficient evidence for the beneficial effects of a theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback intervention on measures of impulsivity and craving, and that there may be great interindividual differences in patients’ ability to regulate cortical activity.
A Charge Delivered to the Grand Jury, At the Sessions of the Peace Held for the City and Liberty of Westminster, &c. On Thursday the 29th of June, 1749

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

of our Lord the King, holden at the Town Court-House near Westminster-Hall, in and for the Liberty of the Dean and Chapter of the Collegiate Church of St. Peter, Westminster, the City, Borough, and Town of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, and St. Martin le Grand, London, on Thursday the Twentyninth Day of June, in the Twenty-third Tear of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second, King of Great-Britain, & c. before Henry Fielding, Esq; the Right Hon. George Lord Carpenter, Sir John Crosse, Baronet , George Huddleston, James Crofts, Gabriel Fowace, John Upton, Thomas Ellys, Thomas Smith, George Payne, William Walmsley, William Young, Peter Elers, Martin Clare, Thomas Lediard, Henry Trent, Daniel Gach, James Fraser, Esquires, and others their fellows, Justices of our said Lord the King, assigned to keep the Peace of the said Liberty, and also to hear and determine divers Felonies, Trespasses, and other Misdeeds done and committed within the said Liberty .
Direct Numerical Modeling of E-Cloud Driven Instability of a Bunch Train in the CERN SPS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The simulation package WARP-POSINST was recently upgraded for handling multiple bunches and modeling concurrently the electron cloud buildup and its effect on the beam, allowing for direct self-consistent simulation of bunch trains generating, and interacting with, electron clouds. We have used the WARP-POSINST package on massively parallel supercomputers to study the buildup and interaction of electron clouds with a proton bunch train in the CERN SPS accelerator. Results suggest that a positive feedback mechanism exists between the electron buildup and the e-cloud driven transverse instability, leading to a net increase in predicted electron density. Electron clouds have been shown to trigger fast growing instabilities on proton beams circulating in the SPS and other accelerators. So far, simulations of electron cloud buildup and their effects on beam dynamics have been performed separately. This is a consequence of the large computational cost of the combined calculation due to large space and time scale disparities between the two processes. We have presented the latest improvements of the simulation package WARP-POSINST for the simulation of self-consistent ecloud effects, including mesh refinement, and generation of electrons from gas ionization and impact at the pipe walls. We also presented simulations of two consecutive bunches interacting with electrons clouds in the SPS, which included generation of secondary electrons. The distribution of electrons in front of the first beam was initialized from a dump taken from a preceding buildup calculation using the POSINST code. In this paper, we present an extension of this work where one full batch of 72 bunches is simulated in the SPS, including the entire buildup calculation and the self-consistent interaction between the bunches and the electrons.
Revolution

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter details how across the Atlantic, Americans widely studied Henry Care’s treatise and Blackstone’s Commentaries, both of which glorified as the foundation of English law and liberties Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the Habeas Corpus Act. Yet, as explored here, Americans did not know many of these rights and protections, being denied them as colonists. Over time, the denial of the protections of the Habeas Corpus Act to the colonists became a major source of complaint regarding British rule. As the chapter explores, the British viewed the American “Rebels” as traitors and therefore not in the service of a foreign sovereign. This meant that once American prisoners started coming to English shores, a suspension was necessary to detain them outside the criminal process. The chapter explores the Revolutionary War suspension that Parliament adopted, as well as its lapsing at the end of the war.
A Methodology on Manufacturing Scheduling Problem with Lot Formation and Machine Allocation using Structure Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent manufacturing industry, complicated manufacturing system requires effective production scheduling method. On the other hand, the problem is complicated in the production line includes setup change and lot formation, to solve the exact solution is difficult. In this study, we propose structure analysis method to find a critical path of manufacturing schedule and apply the structure analysis method to lot reformation and machine re-allocation algorithm.
Two sample inference for high dimensional mean with application to gene expression data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Motivated by the gene expression analysis from biological science, we consider the two sample problem, where the number of variables is much larger than the sample size. Due to technology advances, high dimensional data have been increasingly encountered in many applications of statistics over the past few decades. Classical inference procedures from multivariate statistical analysis such as the Hotelling's T-squared test, however, cannot be directly applied to such high dimensional data sets. To tackle the challenge arising in high dimension, several testing procedures have been recently proposed in the literature. We briefly review the sum-of-square type tests and maximum type tests as powerful alternatives to the Hotelling's T-squared test in the high dimensional setting. We then provide an extension which aims to combine the strength of the maximum type test with that of the sum-of-square test. Furthermore, we propose a bootstrap caliberation for the maximum type test which allows the data vectors to be temporally dependent. Simulation studies are conducted to compare and contrast the finite sample performance of these tests. We apply these methods to test significance of sets of genes in a real data example.
Visual and Computational Modelling of Minority Games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper analyses the Minority Game and focuses on analysis and computational modelling of several variants (variable payoff, coalition-based and ternary voting) of Minority Game using UAREI (User-Action-Rule-Entities-Interface) model. UAREI is a model for formal specification of software gamification, and the UAREI visual modelling language is a language used for graphical representation of game mechanics. The URAEI model also provides the embedded executable modelling framework to evaluate how the rules of the game will work for the players in practice. We demonstrate flexibility of UAREI model for modelling different variants of Minority Game rules for game design.
Pathways and targeting avenues of BRAF in non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Administration of combined BRAF/MEK inhibitors usually produces significant, although often a short-term, benefit to NSCLC patients with BRAF V600 (class 1) mutations. There are no established treatments for BRAF class 2 (L597, K601, G464, G469A/V/R/S, fusions, etc.) and class 3 (D594, G596, G466, etc.) mutants, which account for up to two-thirds of BRAF-driven NSCLCs. Many important issues related to the use of immune therapy for the management of BRAF-mutated NSCLC deserve further investigation. The rare occurrence of BRAF mutations in NSCLC is compensated by high overall incidence of lung cancer disease; therefore, clinical studies on BRAF-associated NSCLC are feasible.
A Way Forward: Nurturing the Imagination at the Intersection of Race, Class, Gender, and Age

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Those who are oppressed often find themselves internalizing voices that limit their ability. This article focuses on a population that falls on the non-hegemonic side of the intersection of race, class, gender, and age: Black girls from poor and working-class backgrounds. From my work with youth, I have noticed that internalizing these limiting voices lead to a sense of personal hopelessness. I suggest that Christian educators combat personal hopelessness by nurturing the theological imagination of their youth.
The Implementation of Early Childhood Integrated Holistic Education During the Covid 19 Pandemic on Ulak Karang Village, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Early Childhood Integrated Holistic Education is an approach that requires continuity and alignment of services for early childhood which is supported by the cooperation of various parties.This research was motivated by the implementation of Early Childhood Integrated Holistic Education on Ulak Karang Village in Padang, Indonesia.This study aims to see how the description of the implementation of Early Childhood Integrated Holistic Education on Ulak Karang Village.This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research.Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and documentation.The results of the research carried out were found that the planning, implementation and evaluation of an integrative holistic approach were in accordance with the standards of Presidential Regulation No. 60 of 2013.This can be seen from the results of data collection that the implementation of education, care, nutrition, health and protection are factors supporting the success of Early Childhood Integrated Holistic Education on Ulak Karang Village.
Pseudodiagonalization Method for Accelerating Nonlinear Subspace Diagonalization in Density Functional Theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In density functional theory, each self-consistent field (SCF) nonlinear step updates the discretized Kohn-Sham orbitals by solving a linear eigenvalue problem. The concept of pseudodiagonalization is to solve this linear eigenvalue problem approximately and specifically utilizing a method involving a small number of Jacobi rotations that takes advantage of the good initial guess to the solution given by the approximation to the orbitals from the previous SCF iteration. The approximate solution to the linear eigenvalue problem can be very rapid, particularly for those steps near SCF convergence. We adapt pseudodiagonalization to finite-temperature and metallic systems, where partially occupied orbitals must be individually resolved with some accuracy. We apply pseudodiagonalization to the subspace eigenvalue problem that arises in Chebyshev-filtered subspace iteration. In tests on metallic and other systems for a range of temperatures, we show that pseudodiagonalization achieves similar rates of SCF convergence to exact diagonalization.
Role of enteroendocrine L‐cells in arginine vasopressin‐mediated inhibition of colonic anion secretion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Key points Arginine vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the release of enteroendocrine L‐cell derived hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY) in vitro from mouse and human colons. This is mediated by the AVP receptor 1B, which is highly enriched in colonic L‐cells and linked to the elevation of L‐cell calcium and cAMP concentrations. By means of Ussing chambers, we show that AVP reduced colonic anion secretion, although this was blocked by a specific neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 receptor antagonist, suggesting that L‐cell‐released PYY acts locally on the epithelium to modulate fluid balance. In human serum samples, PYY concentrations were higher in samples with raised osmolality and copeptin (surrogate marker for AVP). These findings describe, for the first time, the role of L‐cells in AVP regulated intestinal fluid secretion, potentially linking together hormonal control of blood volume and blood glucose levels, and thus adding to our understanding of the complex pathways involved in the gut hormonal response to different stimuli. Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates fluid balance and blood pressure via AVP receptor (AVPR)2 in the kidney and AVP receptor 1A in vascular smooth muscle. Its role in intestinal function has received less attention. We hypothesized that enteroendocrine L‐cells producing glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY) may be a target of AVP and contribute to the control of fluid balance. Avpr1b expression was assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR on flourescence‐activated cell sorting‐isolated L‐ and control cells and was enriched in colonic L‐cells. AVP stimulated GLP‐1 and PYY release from primary cultured murine and human colonic cells and was associated with elevated calcium and cAMP concentrations in L‐cells as measured in cultures from GLU‐Cre/ROSA26‐GCaMP3 and GLU‐Epac2camps mice. An antagonist of AVPR1B reduced AVP‐triggered hormone secretion from murine and human cells. In Ussing chambers, basolaterally applied AVP reduced colonic anion secretion and this effect was blocked by a specific neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY1R) antagonist. In human serum, PYY concentrations were higher in samples with raised osmolality or copeptin (a surrogate marker for AVP). In conclusion, we propose that AVP activates L‐cell AVPR1B, causing GLP‐1 and PYY secretion. PYY in turn reduces colonic anion secretion via epithelial NPY1R. Our data suggest L‐cells are active players in the hypothalamic control of intestinal fluid homeostasis, providing a potential link between the regulation of blood volume/pressure/osmolality and blood glucose.
Musculoskeletal Radiology / Radiologies musculo-squelettique Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Anterolateral Knee Ligament With a T2/T1-Weighted 3-Dimensional Sequence: A Feasibility Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The anatomy of the lateral knee compartment has been recently further explored with description of the anterolateral knee ligament (ALL). The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of ALL on cadaveric knees and to describe its normal anatomy in young healthy volunteers, utilizing a high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) pulse sequence. Methods: Dissection was performed on 9 cadaveric knees in order to confirm the presence of ALL. Conventional 2-dimensional sequences of 10 knees at 1.5 T and 10 knees at 3 T, with a slice thickness of 2-4 mm, were reviewed for the presence of ALL. A 3D T2/T1-weighted gradient echo sequence (constructive interference in steady state [CISS]), yielding in-plane resolution of 0.4 mm � 0.4 mm � 0.4 mm, was applied in 14 healthy volunteers (26 knees). All 3D images were manipulated using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and the presence and width of ALL were recorded. Results: Cadaveric dissection disclosed the presence of ALL in 8 of 9 knees. Conventional knee MR imaging depicted ALL only on coronal images (18 of 20) whereas the CISS revealed ALL on 24 of 26 studied knees (92.3%). ALL has a mean thickness of 1.1 � 0.27 mm measured on coronal MR images. Conclusions: ALL can be thoroughly assessed in young healthy individuals with the use of high-resolution 3D MR imaging with MPR at 1.5 T.
Increased Lateral Tibial Slope Is a Risk Factor for Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Increased posterior tibial slope is associated with increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adults. A similar association has not been rigorously examined in children and adolescents. Purpose: To determine whether alterations in posterior tibial slope are associated with ACL tears in pediatric and adolescent patients and to quantify changes in tibial slope by age. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the knee were reviewed by 3 raters blinded to each other in a 1:1 sample of cases and age- and sex-matched controls. A total of 76 skeletally immature ACL-injured knees were compared with 76 knees without ACL injury; the mean age of the study population was 14.8 ± 1.3 years. The posterior slope of the articular surface of the medial tibial plateau and lateral tibial plateau was measured by use of a method similar to that used in previous studies in adult populations. The current study technique differed in that the slope was measured on the cartilage surface, not the subchondral bone. Comparisons between knees were made with t tests, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess changes in tibial slope with advancing age. Results: Increased slope of the lateral tibial plateau (LTS) was significantly increased in ACL-injured patients compared with controls (5.7° ± 2.4° vs 3.4° ± 1.7°; P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the slope of the medial tibial plateau (MTS) in the ACL-injured and control knees (5.4° ± 2.2° vs 5.1° ± 2.3°; P = .42). There was no difference in LTS between male and female patients (4.46° vs 4.58°; P = .75). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the LTS revealed that a posterior tibial slope cutoff of >4° resulted in a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 75% for predicting ACL tears in this cohort. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that MTS and LTS decreased, or flattened, by 0.31° ( P = .028, correlation coefficient r = −0.18) and 0.37° ( P = .009, correlation coefficient r = −0.21) per year, respectively, as adolescents age. Conclusion: The LTS was significantly associated with an increased risk of ACL injury in pediatric and adolescent patients. The MTS was not associated with risk of injury. Posterior slope was found to decrease, or flatten, with age. A cutoff of >4° for the posterior slope of the lateral compartment is 76% sensitive and 75% specific for predicting ACL injury in this cohort. The LTS did not influence the incidence of ACL injury differently between sexes.