jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Adenovirus Survey of Poultry Flocks during the Growing and Laying Periods

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Chicken adenoviruses were isolated from asymptomatic chickens on each of 7 farms tested; a majority of them induced cytopathology by the second serial passage. Although adenoviruses were isolated from chickens ranging in age from 8 to 34 weeks, the highest isolation rate was from those 8 to 14 weeks. Eight serotypes (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) were identified in a relatively small geographic area; serotypes 1, 4, 7, and 9 were isolated most frequently. Multiple serotypes were found on 6 of 7 farms, with 1 farm having 4 serotypes identified. Repeat isolations of the same serotypes were noted on 2 farms. The pattern of virus isolations was generally related to age but varied according to farm. Although new serotypes kept appearing, even after birds came into lay, no clinical problems were associated with them. The incidence of precipitin reactors tended to be low (10-40%) in immature birds but reached 80% or more after sexual maturity. The "antiserum pool" modification of the VN test was found to be accurate and less cumbersome than the conventional procedure for typing isolants.
The Litigation Landscape of Business and Human Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Robert McCorquodale outlines the wider business and human rights context of human rights litigation against multinationals and explains key concepts that arise. He highlights differences between civil law and common law systems in terms of sources of law and procedures, and between criminal and civil claims against multinationals. The concepts of separation of corporate identity and the tort law duty of care developed in the English cases are considered. The principles of European law on jurisdiction over corporations and choice of law are explained. The relevance, in multinational human rights cases, of public international law and sovereignty issues in forum non conveniens disputes, claims in the United States under the Alien Tort Statute, and by direct application in States such as Canada and the Netherlands, is discussed. The important contextual backdrop of developments such as the United Nations Guiding Principles (UNGPs), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines and other international standards is also highlighted.
Ear reconstruction after traumatic injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Congenital or traumatic ear deformities are difficult and complex issues in plastic surgery due to the increasing number of cases and high degree of difficulty involved in surgeries to restore facial harmony. The authors assessed the techniques used in ear reconstruction, their complications, and the degree of esthetic and functional satisfaction. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, including cases of post-traumatic ear reconstruction in which costal cartilage graft was employed; the study took place at Hospital Geral de Goiânia Dr. Alberto Rassi and a private clinic from February 2005 to March 2010. Patient satisfaction with respect to esthetic and functional aspects was recorded during postoperative visits. RESULTS: Thirty-four cases were analyzed including 14 (41.1%) women and 20 (58.9%) men (range, 13-56 years). The average time for reconstruction after trauma was 6-8 months, and the average interval between surgeries was 6 months. Five patients had complications; only 1 required re-intervention due to posterior atrial contraction. Of all patients, 30 reported being satisfied with both the esthetic and functional results; 4 were dissatisfied, and 1 of them underwent subsequent retouching. CONCLUSIONS: Ear reconstruction after trauma is a complex issue in plastic surgery; however, with the standardization and systematization of techniques and a well-established learning curve, the results are very satisfactory; facial harmony can be restored with low complication rates.
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Safe Sowing Date in Different Rice Cultivation Zones in Sichuan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The temporal and spatial variation of safe rice sowing date was investigated,based on daily average temperature data from 131 meteorological stations in six rice cultivation zones of Sichuan province from 1960 to 2011.The results showed that safe rice sowing date in south basin hilly cropping rice zone and southwest mountain cropping rice zone was from 17 to 19 March,and from 26 to 28 March in east basin hilly cropping rice zone and central basin hilly cropping rice zone,from 30 to 31 March in Peripheral basin hilly cropping rice zone and west basin plain cropping rice zone.The earliest rice planting date in six rice cultivation zones advanced under different safety reliability declining.The safety reliability decreased from 100% to 90% and advanced 11d to 14d.The main reason of different safe sowing date between southwest mountain cropping rice zone and peripheral basin hilly cropping rice zone was difference of latitudes and altitudes.So it suggested that rice production should be considered the spatial distribution of safe sowing date in different rice cultivation zones.In addition,safe sowing date was closed to temperature change,for example,the safe sowing date in six rice cultivation zones of Sichuan province delayed at early stage and advanced significantly from 1960 to 2011.
Posterior hippocampal redundancy: A marker of non‐pathological brain aging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Several neural mechanisms underlying brain resilience to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been proposed, including redundant neural connections between the posterior hippocampi and all other brain regions (pHipp‐redundancy), and global functional connectivity of the left frontal cortex (gLFC). It remains unclear whether these two mechanisms confer resilience to AD pathologies through similar or distinctive mechanisms. We examined if redundancy, measured through graph theory, underlies the neuroprotective effects of both pHipp‐redundancy and gLFC connectivity in the early stage of AD pathologies. Method From the ADNI database, 370 CN and MCI participants were utilized. Aβ‐positivity (Aβ+) was defined as PET AV45 SUVR normalized to cerebellum greater than 1.11. Resting state data were preprocessed using fMRIprep. Network graphs were constructed with 263 functional ROIs as nodes and z‐transformed correlations between each node as edges. Redundancy was calculated by summing the direct and indirect paths (path lengths=1‐4) between each hippocampal region (i.e., anterior and posterior hippocampal regions, bilaterally and LFC) and its 262 connections. Group differences (Aβ‐status, diagnosis) were computed in R using non‐parametric ANCOVA models with 10,000 permutations. Regression analyses were conducted to examine if Aβ‐status and diagnosis moderated the relationship between SUVR and redundancy. Models covaried for age, sex, education, and APOE4 . Result Across CN and MCI, Aβ‐ had higher bilateral pHipp‐redundancy than Aβ+ (p’s<.034). Diagnosis significantly moderated the relationship between SUVR and left pHipp‐redundancy (B=16143.0, p=.042). CN exhibited a stronger negative relationship between SUVR and left pHipp‐redundancy than MCI (B=‐20161.59, t=3.08, p<.001). Finally, in CN, Aβ‐status significantly moderated the relationship between SUVR and right aHipp‐redundancy (B=59345.0, p=.012), showing that in Aβ‐ CN, redundancy decreased with higher SUVR (B=‐60532.07, t=2.82, p=.01), while in Aβ+ CN, redundancy remained the same as SUVRs increased. No relationships between Aβ‐status and redundancy, and interactions between SUVR and Aβ‐status or diagnosis, were significant in LFC. Conclusion Together, these findings suggest that bilateral pHipp‐redundancy may reflect normal brain aging without Aβ, rather than resilience in pathological aging, and a distinctive mechanism of brain aging from that of gLFC connectivity in the progression of AD.
The POTT Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter offers the descriptions of each presentation topic, and reviews the various components of the training process. It describes the main components and the structure of each assignment and uses the papers of one trainee to illustrate and clarify the process. The POTT model saw its beginnings in Philadelphia in the late seventies when Harry Aponte ran groups for clinicians looking to develop their skills in the use of their own persons in family therapy. The program continued its development at the Family Institute of Virginia in Richmond, where it is still running today, under the label of the Person/Practice Model. Marlene Watson believed that the POTT model provided a foundation for a systemic training on the use of self for students of family therapy, and invited Harry Aponte to test this model for the first time in an academic setting at Drexel University.
PET/CT Volumetric Parameters as Predictors of the Peritoneal Cancer Index in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Assessment of the peritoneal cancer burden is crucial for determining the optimal treatment in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). Effective non-invasive methods to predict tumour load remain limited. This study aimed to assess the applicability of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT volumetric parameters, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for predicting the surgical peritoneal cancer index (PCI) in AOC before primary treatment. Methods: Patients with high-grade serous or undifferentiated AOC who underwent surgical PCI evaluation and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT between 01/2013 and 12/2018 were included. MTV and TLG were calculated using thresholds of 40% and 50% (MTV40, MTV50, TLG40, and TLG50). Correlations between the peritoneal carcinomatosis MTV (car_MTV) and TLG (car_TLG) were analysed. The capacity of volumetric parameters to estimate PCIs above or below 14 and 20 was assessed for the whole abdominal cavity and in per-quadrant analysis, specifically for upper-abdomen areas 1, 2, and 3 (MTV40_1, 2, 3 and TLG40_1, 2, 3). Results: MTV40, MTV50, TLG40, and TLG50 significantly correlated with the PCI in the final study population (n = 45). MTV40 showed a Pearson coefficient of 0.41 (p = 0.003). MTV3_40 (AUC 0.79) and TLG3_40 (AUC 0.81) presented the highest AUCs for predicting a PCI above or below 14. The volumetric parameters allowed the prediction of a PCI greater or less than 20, with an AUC of 0.77 for MTV40_1 and 0.78 for TLG40_1. Conclusions: 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT MTV and TLG correlate significantly with the surgical PCI when assessing peritoneal carcinomatosis or quadrant-specific disease. This approach offers a reliable non-invasive method for evaluating tumour burden in AOC.
Shakespeare and Italian confessional treatises : pestilent speeches, infected ears

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A few days ago I read in The New York Times that a businessman had entirely funded a production of Hamlet at Broadway where he himself acted Hamlet. The fact that this suffering, cerebral character created in the very beginning of the seventeenth century still appeals to us in a center of the modern world is something that may arouse some curiosity, to say the least. My thesis is that the character of Hamlet was built with material resulting from the cultural earthquake that changed the profile of European geography, and whose legacy is still with us today.
PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA SMAN 3 BENGKALIS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is a classroom action research (PTK) with the application of a jigsaw type cooperative learning model to improve physics learning outcomes. The Jigsaw type cooperative learning model is a cooperative learning model with students learning in small groups consisting of 4-6 people heterogeneously, working together, positively interdependent and responsible for completing the part of learning material that must be learned and delivered to group members. The problem to be solved is the low physics learning outcomes of class XII MIA 2 in Bengkalis Public High School 3 involving 28 students. This study consisted of 2 cycles, in each cycle consisting of four stages, namely Planning, Implementation, Observation and Reflection. In the pre-cycle process, the percentage of student learning completeness is 28.57 %, then after learning the first cycle with the application of the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Type model there is an increase in the percentage of learning completeness to 64.29 %. And in the second cycle managed to achieve a significant percentage of completeness of 78.57 %. The results showed that there was an increase in student physics learning outcomes as the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Learning model was implemented. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan penerapan model pembelajaran cooperative learning tipe jigsaw untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika. Model pembelajaran cooperative learning tipe Jigsaw merupakan model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan siswa belajar dalam kelompok kecil terdiri dari 4-6 orang secara heterogen, bekerja bersama, saling bergantung positif dan bertanggung jawab atas ketuntasan bagian materi pembelajaran yang harus dipelajari dan disampaikan kepada anggota kelompok. Masalah yang hendak dipecahkan adalah rendahnya hasil belajar fisika kelas XII MIA 2 di SMA Negeri 3 Bengkalis yang melibatkan 28 orang siswa. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus, pada setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Observasi dan Refleksi. Pada proses prasiklus, persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa yaitu sebesar 28,57 %, kemudian setelah dilaksanakan pembelajaran siklus I dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw ada peningkatan persentase ketuntasan belajar menjadi 64,29 %. Dan pada siklus II berhasil mencapai persentase ketuntasan yang signifikan sebesar 78,57 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar fisika siswa seiring diterapkannya model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw.
MILLIMETER-WAVE WIRELESS NETWORK-ON-CHIP: A CMOS COMPATIBLE INTERCONNECTION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR FUTURE MANY-CORE PROCESSORS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

by Sujay Deb, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2012 Chair: Partha Pratim Pande Multi-core platforms are emerging trends in the design of Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). Interconnect fabrics for these multi-core SoCs play a crucial role in achieving the target performance. The Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm has been proposed as a promising solution for designing the interconnect fabric of multi-core SoCs. But the performance requirements of NoC infrastructures in future technology nodes cannot be met by relying only on material innovation with traditional scaling. The continuing demand for low power and high speed interconnects with technology scaling necessitates looking beyond the conventional planar metal/dielectric-based interconnect infrastructures. Among different possible alternatives, the on-chip wireless communication network is envisioned as a revolutionary methodology, capable of bringing significant performance gains for multi-core SoCs. Millimeter-wave Wireless NoCs (mWNoCs) can be designed by using miniaturized on-chip antennas as an enabling technology. On-chip CMOS compatible millimeter-wave wireless
Glycinebetaine applied under drought improved the physiological efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Study to find out the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to exogenous application of 100 mM glycinebetaine (GB) at different growth stages (vegetative, flowering and grain filling) was carried out under water limited environment, at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad during 2008-09, to find out the best GB application stage for improvement in drought tolerance potential. The wire house experiment was laid out in completely randomized design. Data regarding various physiological and biochemical parameters of crop were recorded using standard procedures. The data so collected were analyzed statistically by using the Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and LSD at 5% probability was used to compare the differences among treatment means. Drought stress at all three critical growth stages adversely affected plant’s nutrient uptake and it also reduced the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (E) of wheat plant. Exogenous application of GB under drought at all three critical growth stages improved tolerance of wheat by reducing toxic nutrient’s uptake however, grain filling stage was found more responsive.
The Effectiveness of Remedial Programs for Reading Disabled Children of Different Ages: Does the Benefit Decrease for Older Children?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

One hundred and twenty-two severely reading disabled children were randomly assigned to one of two word identification training programs or a study skills control program. One program remediated deficient phonological analysis and blending skills and provided direct instruction of letter-sound mappings. The other program taught children how to acquire, use, and monitor four metacognitive decoding strategies. The effectiveness of the remedial programs was evaluated for children in grades 2/3, 4, and 5/6 to determine whether programs were differentially effective at different grade levels. Both training approaches were associated with significant improvement in word identification and word attack skills and sizeable transfer-of-training effects. The phonological program resulted in greater transfer across the phonological processing domain, whereas the strategy training program produced broader transfer for real words of both regular and irregular orthography. Children at each grade level made equivalent gains with remediation. These results suggest that the phonological deficits associated with reading disability are amenable to focused and intensive remediation and that this effort is well directed across the elementary school years. From grades 2 through 6, there is no evidence of a developmental window beyond which phonological deficits cannot be effectively remediated with intensive phonological training.
Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and oral streptococci strains from high-risk endocarditis patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study sought to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylcoccus aureus and viridans group streptococci strains collected from the forearm skin and saliva of 30 patients at high risk of endocarditis. Agar susceptibility tests of antibiotics routinely utilized in dentistry were used to verify antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains. Of the Staphylcoccus aureus strains, 50% were resistant to ampicillin, 53.3% to amoxicillin, 60.0% to penicillin G, 13.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate, 20.0% to azithromycin, 27.6% to clarithromycin, 23.3% to erythromycin, 3.3% to cefazolin, and 6.7% to clindamycin. Regarding streptococci, 16.7% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, 16.7% to amoxicillin, 23.3% to azithromycin, 23.3% to clarithromycin, 30.0% to erythromycin, 13.3% to cefazolin, 26.7% to clindamycin, 16.7% to penicillin G, and 3.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate. Pathogens associated with bacterial endocarditis exhibited elevated resistance rates against the antibiotics used for prophylaxis in dentistry.
OP04 Methodological Challenges Of Assessing An Evolving Technology: The Cochlear Implant For Deaf People

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction When Cochlear implants (CI) were first introduced, only postlingually, profoundly hearing impaired individuals were implanted unilaterally. As experience grew, eligibility was followed by prelingual deaf children, and a second contralateral CI was being considered. Due to surgical and technological improvements, eligibility criteria for CI are now shifting, encompassing patients with more residual hearing. We aimed to explore, ex ante , whether such shift is warranted. Methods A dynamic, population-based Markov modeling study was conducted. Model parameters were based on available evidence, expert opinion, and calibration. The model mimics Dutch demographic development in three age categories over a period of 20 years. Impact of changing eligibility was explored in terms of number of CI recipients, costs, quality of life and cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective. Results If those with severe hearing loss would qualify and opt for CI similar to those with profound hearing loss, this would lead to a fourfold increase of CI recipients (from 8,815 to 35,630) over a 20 year period, resulting in an increase in costs (EUR 550 million) and QALYs (54,000), with an Incremental Cost Utility Ratio of EUR 10,771/QALY (2.5–97.5 percentiles: 1,252–23,171). Conclusions Results suggest that expected health gains could be such, that the investment may be considered cost-effective against the backdrop of currently prevailing criteria. However, for this, a substantial increase in operating capacity, follow-up care and rehabilitation are required. Further inquiries are needed to investigate whether such increased capacity can be achieved, to ensure equitable access to those services.
Festulolium fibre characteristics and digestibility as affected by maturity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study compared the forage quality of F estulolium entries of festucoid ( H ykor) and loloid attributes ( F elopa and N orwegian candivars) with major cultivars of the parent species perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue, and with timothy. Forage NDF , i NDF , kd NDF and DDM were analysed at vegetative stage, early heading, heading and anthesis during spring growth ( SG ) and two subsequent regrowths over two production years at two locations in Norway. NDF and i NDF increased and kd NDF and DDM decreased with advancing maturity, mostly expressed in SG , with negative correlations between DDM and NDF and i NDF and ADL , and strong positive correlations with kd NDF . In SG , across years and locations, the content of NDF at heading stage was 30% higher and i NDF 400% higher in stems than in leaves, while stem kd NDF was about 50% of that in leaves. In general, timothy cv. G rindstad and F estulolium cv. H ykor had the highest NDF and iNDF and the lowest kd NDF values. L oloid entries of F estulolium were quite similar to perennial ryegrass, although the tetraploid entry proved better than the others with respect to forage quality. Regarding nutritive value, the festucoid and loloid types of F estulolium should be considered separate groups. The effect of year was more pronounced than that of location, for which the ranking of entries was quite similar. Loloid F estulolium is prone to winter damage, and, although it has higher nutritive value than the parent species, its use will depend on the conditions for winter survival.