jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NCOG-09. THE LEVEL OF REPORTING OF NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOMES IN RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS OF BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Neurocognitive impairment is frequently present in brain tumor patients and is therefore considered an important outcome in brain tumor research. To use neurocognitive outcomes (NCO) in clinical decision-making, neurocognitive evidence should be of sufficiently high quality. One important aspect in the generation of high quality evidence is the level of reporting. We aimed to investigate the level of neurocognitive functioning reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in brain tumor patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in several databases up to August 2017. Of the selected relevant RCTs, the following data were retrieved: basic trial demographics and NCO characteristics, quality of NCO reporting, and risk of bias. We also analyzed studies that should impact clinical decision-making based on their quality of reporting. RESULTS: We identified 65 RCTs, of which NCO was the primary endpoint in 14 (22%). The included brain tumour types varied, with 20 RCTs studying glioma patients (31%) and 17 studying brain metastatic patients (26%) only. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the most studied treatments (both in 31% of studies). In five studies (8%), rehabilitation of neurocognitive impairments was investigated. Important methodological limitations were related to the documentation of statistical approaches for dealing with missing data, and to discussing limitations and generalizability issues uniquely related to the NCO components. Risk of bias was high regarding blinding of personnel and incomplete outcome data. Twenty RCTs (31%), eight with NCO as primary endpoint and 12 as secondary endpoint, satisfied a sufficient number of criteria to be classified as high-quality NCO evidence. Most of these studies did contribute to clinical decision-making. CONCLUSION: Investigators involved in brain tumor research should give attention to methodological challenges related to NCO reporting as identified in this review, as high-quality reporting of NCO evidence can be of value in clinical decision-making.
Cell metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This is a chapter from the free textbook "Economic Principles in Cell Biology" Metabolism is a dynamical process, in which a myriad of chemicals are converted via biochemical reactions inside the cell over time. This chapter motivates this dynamical nature of metabolism and introduces mathematical approaches for modelling it. Basic models of biochemical reaction rates are introduced and their assumptions and relations to each other are explained. Using these rate models, simple metabolic systems are modelled and their dynamical behavior analysed. Experimental findings on metabolic dynamics are summarised and possible explanatory models of such dynamics are discussed.
A STUDY OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE FIXATION FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC DETECTION OF SMALL GRANULAR VESICLES IN THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A 3% solution of potassium permanganate is effective at acid pH as a fixative for the small noradrenaline-containing granular vesicles of the symapthetic nervous system. The observed high electron density of the central granules in the vesicles is probably due to precipitated MnO2 which is reduced KMnO4 in a coupled oxidation of noradrenaline to noradrenochrome. A 3% solution of KMnO4 in dichromate buffer (pH 6.0) is particularly suitable for the fixation of the vesicles. This may be due to the additional precipitation of a chromic compound reduced from the dichromate.
Micropropagation of edible cactus in vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

budlets were sprouted when the axillary bud of cactus as explant was cultured in the MS medium containing with 0 5 mg/L BA and 0 1 mg/L NAA 30 days.The budlets were segmented and subcultured in the MS midium that same as primarity culturing,and the propagation coefficient reached to 3～4 with the 25 days cycles.When the length of budlets reached to 2～3 cm, they were segmented into single bud and cultured 25 days for rooting in the 1/2MS medium containing with NAA (0 1～0 5 mg/L)? IBA(1～3 mg/L) and 0 2% active carbon.The results showed that rooting rate and survial rate of planting could be over 85% and 90% respectively.
Vibrational spectra of some double chromates of the type LnK (CrO4)2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Raman and infrared spectra of a series of double chromates of the type Lnk(CrO 4 ) 2 , with Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, were recorded and discussed with the aid of a factor group analysis. These substances constitute the first example showing the intercalation of v 1 between v 3 components in crystalline chromates. The spectroscopic results confirm again the structural differences between these chromates and PbCrO 4 (synthetic crocoite), which was also investigated for comparison.
Project Pioneer Oral History of Delta County, Michigan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tom Quinn discusses his family who grew up in Escanaba, Michigan. Tom’s grandfather came to the Upper Peninsula from Ireland. Tom discusses growing up in the Irish section of town. He mentions jobs for the Irish, Irish wakes, schools, religion, Prohibition and celebrations. Tom goes into details about Irish wakes and how the wake was not a tradition funeral as practiced today, instead a party was held to celebrate the person who passed away.
Influence of Swimming Pool Design on Hydraulic Behavior: A Numerical and Experimental Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A swimming pool can be considered as a chemical reactor with specific hydraulic and macro-mixing characteristics. The nature of flow into the pool depends on various characteristics, such as water inlets and outlets (number and position), pool geometry, and flow rate. This study investigates how swimming pool design affects hydraulic behavior based on experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies (CFD). This paper does not describe the hydraulic behavior of all existing swimming pools, however the cases studied here are representative of pool designs widely used in Europe and the United States. The model developed, based on the principle of a stirred reactor, could be used as a first approach in describing the hydraulic behavior of regular pools. This model is suitable for the study of physical and chemical phenomena with long characteristic times. Other, more advanced, models were shown to be more suitable to the case of fast chemical processes.
Adsorption in Purely Dispersive Systems from Molecular Simulation, Density Gradient Theory, and Density Functional Theory

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Adsorption is an important process used in many industrial unit operations. However, due to the heterogeneity of surfaces studied experimentally, it is not a simple task to evaluate the validity of theories for adsorption. Here, we present a thorough investigation of density functional theory and density gradient theory based on molecular simulation. While comparisons between these theories have been made in the literature, only our recently developed equation of state (EOS), the Perturbed Truncated and Shifted (PeTS) equation of state and the according functional version, allow a thorough validation of both theories, because the EOS separates repulsive and attractive free energy contributions consistently with the inhomogeneous theory. The PeTS EOS represents the thermodynamics of the Lennard-Jones truncated and shifted fluid with a cutoff radius of 2.5 times the fluid diameter very accurately and is valid in the metastable range, too. To check the validity of both density gradient and density functional theory in adsorption scenarios, molecular dynamics simulations are performed for several wall potentials common in adsorption calculations at various states and solid–fluid interaction energies. A new parametrization for the density functional theory is proposed that relies on bulk data for the pressure only. Adsorption is predicted well from this new theory in both gaseous and liquid states. In contrast, density gradient theory turns out to be valid only in the dilute gaseous regime if the parameters are not fitted to adsorption.
Radioprotection with 2-(1 decylamino) ethanethiosulfuric acid in the rhesus monkey

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract : An attempt was made to provide radioprotection of the Macaca mulatta primates by the use of 2-(1 decylamino) ethanethiosulfuric acid, a long chain, lipid-soluble compound. The animals were divided into seven groups: two drug control groups, one radiation control group, and four treatment groups. Each treatment group received a different dosage of drug or had a different latent period between administration of the drug and total-body irradiation. Clinical parameters were monitored and one animal from three of the treatment groups as well as two drug controls were necropsied and examined for signs of radiation damage or drug toxicity. Survival times were compared between treated animals and controls. Results indicate that this compound, given as described, does not afford the predicted degree of radioprotection.
E-CPR in Cardiac Arrest due to Accidental Hypothermia Using Intensivist Cannulators: A Case Series of Nine Consecutive Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Severe accidental hypothermia (AH) accounts for over 1300 deaths/year in the United States. Early extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is recommended for hypothermic cardiac arrest. We describe the use of a rapid-deployment extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) team using intensivist physicians (IPs) as cannulators and report the outcomes of consecutive patients cannulated for ECLS to manage cardiac arrest due to AH. Methods: We reviewed all patients managed with veno-arterial (V-A) ECLS for hypothermic cardiac arrest between January 1, 2017 and November 1, 2021. For each patient- age, sex, cause of hypothermia, initial core temperature, initial rhythm, time from arrest to cannulation, cannula configuration, pH, lactate, potassium, cannulation complications, duration of ECLS, hospital length of stay, mortality, and cerebral performance category (CPC) at discharge were reviewed. Results: Nine consecutive patients were identified that underwent V-A ECLS for cardiac arrest due to AH. Seven (78%) were witnessed arrests. Initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation (VF) in eight patients and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in one. The mean initial core temperature was 23.8 degrees Celsius. The mean time from arrest to cannulation was 58 min (range 17 to 251 min). There were no complications related to cannulation. The mean duration of ECLS was 39.1 h. All nine patients were discharged alive with a Cerebral Performance score of one or two. Conclusion: In this case series of consecutive patients reporting intensivist-deployed E-CPR for cardiac arrest due to AH, all patients survived to discharge with a favorable neurologic outcome. A rapidly available E-CPR team utilizing intensivist cannulators may improve outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest due to AH.
The effect of phorbol ester on in vitro release of parathyroid hormone from abnormal human parathyroid cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracellular events that regulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) release are not well understood. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP-dependent protein kinases play a role in the regulation of release due to several agonists, but these factors do not fully explain PTH release that is mediated by extracellular ionized calcium (Ca++). A calcium-phospholipid-dependent (non-cAMP-dependent) protein kinase can be activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). To determine whether this protein kinase regulates PTH release, we examined the effect of TPA on PTH release from human parathyroid tissue. Cell suspensions of abnormal parathyroid tissue removed at surgery were prepared by enzymatic dispersion and incubated for several hours with and without 10(-7) mol/L TPA at low and high calcium levels. In ten preparations in the absence of TPA, increasing Ca++ from 0.25 to 2.5 mmol/L reduced PTH release to an average of 39% of maximal release (range, 11% to 67%). The effect on TPA on Ca++-regulated PTH release appeared biphasic. At low (0.25 mmol/L) Ca++ level, TPA suppressed PTH release to an average of 78% of maximal release without TPA (95% confidence interval, 67% to 88%) (p less than 0.01 compared to cells incubated without TPA). At high (2.25 mmol/L) Ca++ level, TPA augmented PTH release from an average of 39% of maximal release without TPA to 62% of maximal release without TPA (95% confidence level, 48% to 78%), an average augmentation of 22% (95% confidence level, 9% to 36%) (p less than 0.01 compared with cells incubated without TPA). TPA appeared to make PTH release independent of Ca++. Both inhibitory and stimulatory effects were dose dependent. Incubations with TPA demonstrated no toxicity as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion, linearity of PTH release, and cellular incorporation of tritiated leucine. TPA had no effect on the radioimmunoassay for PTH. We conclude that a calcium/phospholipid-dependent, non-cAMP-dependent protein kinase may play a role in mediating Ca++-regulated PTH release from abnormal human parathyroid cells. Its site of action and integration with other regulatory pathways remain to be determined.
Combating Multicollinearity: A New Two-Parameter Approach

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The ordinary least square (OLS) estimator is the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) when all linear regression model assumptions are valid. The OLS estimator, however, becomes inefficient in the presence of multicollinearity. Various one and two-parameter estimators have been proposed to circumvent the problem of multicollinearity. This paper presents a new twoparameter estimator called Liu-Kibria Lukman Estimator (LKL) estimator. The proposed estimator is compared theoretically and through Monte Carlo simulation with existing estimators such as the ordinary least square, ordinary ridge regression, Liu, Kibria-Lukman, and Modified Ridge estimators. The results show that the proposed estimator performs better than existing estimators considered in this study under some conditions, using the mean square error criterion. A real-life application to Portland cement and Longley datasets supported the theoretical and simulation results by giving the smallest mean square error compared to the existing estimators.
Friend/followee recommendation system for users based on interests : advanced AI algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interest graph, a mapping of people and their relationships based on their interests, is a popularized concept in the technology industry over the last year or so. It provides quality content for the social network's users and a more effective way for advertisers to target audience groups compared to the prevalent methods in social networks like Facebook, Twitter etc. Collaborative filtering is a technique used to predict items of interest for an active user based on the level of similarity of the user with other users in the data set or items' similarity with one another. Pearson's product-moment coefficient is the most common way of depicting correlation between two random variables. In the case of user based collaborative filtering, the correlation between users is used to predict products the user might like. Taking inspiration from that idea, other users similar to the active user can be suggested as Follow/Friend Recommendations in a social network. Kohonen's Self Organizing Maps helps in clustering similar items in higher dimensional space by reducing them to lower dimensions, in most cases two dimensional space. Among many similarity measure for Self Organizing Maps, the Euclidean Distance between two nodes is one of the most common ways of depicting similarity between two nodes in the given dimension. While current systems proposed for Follow/Friend Recommendations is based on social proximity and collaborative filtering, little work has been done in the field of neural networks being implemented for recommending similar users. Through this project, the author wishes to implement the existing Self Organizing Maps concept to the problem of Follow/Friend Recommendations and generate a system to analyse the performance of the implemented neural network against the traditional Collaborative Filtering model based on Pearson's correlation coefficient.
[Effect of cyclophosphane on the suppressor activity of spleen cells in mice with transplantable tumors].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The suppressor activity of the splenic cells in the cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated BALB/c mice with transplanted tumours was studied. CP was injected according to three different therapeutic effective schedules. The analysis of non-specific and antigen-specific tumour-associated suppressor activity in the splenic cell adoptive transfer system demonstrated that CP immunomodulating influence depends on the injection schedule. Usage of the most therapeutically effective CP injection schedule ensured a relative safety of the nonspecific tumour-associated suppressor activity and depression of the specific one.
Leishmaniasis in the Sudan Republic. 16. Seasonal Incidence of Phlebotomus Species (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Upper Nile Province Town and Village1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Phlebotomus orientalis Parrot, apparently a vector of human kala-azar in Upper Nile Province, appears to be absent in Malakal town and rare in Tir village. These localities therefore are improbable foci of human kalaazar infection through the agency of this forest-inhabiting sandfly species. P. papatasi (Scopoli), a common pest species in certain villages in this area, was most numerous in Tir just before and during the rainy season but was absent in Malakal. P. clydei Sinton, which sometimes bites man, reached peak populations in Malakal just before and after the rains, but in Tir only prior to the wet season. P. schwetzi Adler, Theodor, and Parrot, which infrequently attacks humans, occurred most commonly in Tir huts during rainy months. P. squamipleuris Newstead was the most numerous species taken during the dry season in Malakal. P. antennatus complex and P. africana var. magnus Sinton, both of which sometimes feed on humans, were taken, chiefly during the dry season, in both localities.
XWRC: externally-loadedweighted random pattern testing for input test data compression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an input test data compression scheme that combines the advantages of weighted pseudorandom testing techniques and LFSR reseeding. The scheme requires low area overhead and the compression achieved is not limited by the LFSR reseeding bounds. The test data storage requirements of both the static and dynamic versions of the proposed scheme are lower than previously published results. The total numbers of test patterns that need to be applied are much lower than that for any weighted pseudorandom testing or hybrid BIST scheme. Further, the method provides an easy way to trade off between test application time and test data compression. The static version of the scheme can be easily implemented without any modification to the current test generation flow while the dynamic version can be used if the ATPG can be modified. Experimental results on a large industry design show that over 100/spl times/ compression is achievable by the proposed scheme.
‘“Loving hearts” and “brave ones”: slavery, family, and the problem of freedom in antebellum America’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay argues that formerly enslaved people participated in antebellum conversations about slavery and freedom, defining both in terms of the liberty and integrity of families. While liberal republican ideology insisted that an unquenchable love of liberty would lead worthy men to rise up and claim their freedom, ex-slave narratives insisted that deserving black men and women might sacrifice personal liberty in the name of family values. Nineteenth-century political theory commonly associated freedom with 'autonomous, self-directed individuals.' Black Americans, however, suggested a collective, contingent version of liberal republicanism which reflected their own ethics, brought together the intellectual and emotional foundations of anti-slavery thought, and made abolitionism especially meaningful to a growing middle class that increasingly valorized sentimental conceptions of family.
Measuring Satisfaction of Customers Regarding Islamic Financing of Meezan Bank Limited

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research paper is to examine analyzing and outlining the customer satisfaction level with regards to their perception about the Islamic banking system. The main purpose is to eliminate the problem related to banking industry and to determine its rights and duties to satisfy customers. DESIGN OR METHODOLOGY: This paper is set out according to the principle instruments and designed fior measuring the customer satisfaction for Islamic banking and its related bodies. The analysis of the islamic system is basically organized on the basis of banking system for measuring customers towards Islamic banking system and its shariah complaint rules and regulations. FINDINGS: All across the rights for customers is being considered as a lawful and constitutional concerned nationally and internationally. The findings also suggest the significance of customer rights and the conceptual frame work for measuring human rights effect the implementation. The paradiagm of this research and its rights are effectively translated into developed banking system for increasing Islamic industry for banking as a whole.
RESULTS:. Primary data are collected through survey, questionnaire and observation and secondary data are collected through books , articles , research papers , journals , literature , published material , other sources , print media article collection , magazines , newspapers , published electronic services , e-journals , websites , weblogs , unpublished general records , government records health education and census data , public and private sector records and retrospective information.
CONCLUSION: In short the conclusion is that the wave of market economy downturn has a greater strength into its own self financially and the research study proofs that conducting the research study is crucial and beneficial towards the societal developmental factors like customer satisfying measurements.
LIMITATIONS FOR RESEARCH:
The required research is not enough for the measuring the customer satisfaction as a whole or specifically the example of effectiveness about the rights of customers and their satisfaction regarding Islamic banking system