jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation causes differential viral susceptibilities in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Individual genetic variation in the same species can cause different susceptibilities upon viral infection. Causal polymorphisms that underlie susceptibility differences can be identified by mapping the susceptibility of individuals to the genetic variants the individuals carry. Genetic mapping usually indicates a locus containing multiple candidate polymorphisms that may be the causal one. Here, we used three independent mapping populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to find a small group of candidate polymorphisms that determine the susceptibility to infection by a natural virus. Homozygous mapping populations of C. elegans were previously obtained by crossing two strains with a different viral susceptibility: the susceptible strain N2 and the more resistant strain CB4856. A recombinant inbred panel was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify a region containing hundreds of candidate genes. Two introgression line panels experimentally confirmed the causal region and fine mapped the candidate region to about 30 potentially causal polymorphisms. One of these polymorphisms, the known antiviral defence gene cul-6, contains a single nucleotide polymorphism in a conserved region. We hypothesise that this polymorphism may be responsible for the difference in viral susceptibility and we are currently trying to exchange polymorphisms between the susceptible and resistant strain using CRISPR/Cas9. In the end, finding how polymorphisms in viral response pathways alter the molecular mechanisms upon viral infection can contribute to a better understanding of the close interactions between host and virus.
Re-designing recovered materials. Case Study: Fiberglass in the nautical sector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the last decades, the relationship between designers and materials changed radically, bringing designers to relate \nto materials manipulation and production processes. At the end of the twentieth century, the growing attention to \nenvironmental issues reduced the choice of materials to those considered sustainable and risking to mortify, together \nwith the materiality, the expressive-sensorial richness of the objects. Therefore, recycled materials have become \npart of the choices available to designers, foreshadowing new challenges for redesigning their aesthetic aspect and \nidentity. Recently, the dissemination of the maker culture through the Fablabs and the promulgation of the DIY \nphenomenon, have favourited a rapprochement between designers and materials and their transformation, leading \nthem to enter the interspace between research on materials and their applications. The paper focuses on the experimental research aimed to design new materials experiences and identities which allowed the exploration of new \nforms of recycling matter recovered from the decommissioning of GFRP boats.
A triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomised trial of the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane (I‐ TAP ) nerve block for elective caesarean section

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary This study investigated the efficacy of a new ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane block when used as a component of multimodal analgesia. We conducted a prospective, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomised study of 100 women undergoing elective caesarean section. All women had spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine, 15 μg fentanyl and 150 μg morphine, as well as 100 mg diclofenac and 1.5 g paracetamol rectally. Women were randomly allocated to receive the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane block or a sham block at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the difference in fentanyl patient‐controlled analgesia dose at 24 h. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, adverse effects and maternal satisfaction. The cumulative mean (95%CI) fentanyl dose at 24 h was 71.9 (55.6–92.7) μg in the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis group compared with 179.1 (138.5–231.4) μg in the control group (p < 0.001). Visual analogue scale pain scores averaged across time‐points were 1.9 (1.5–2.3) mm vs. 5.0 (4.3–5.9) mm (p = 0.006) at rest, and 4.7 (4.1–5.5) mm vs. 11.3 (9.9–13.0) mm (p = 0.001) on movement, respectively. Post‐hoc analysis showed that the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis group was less likely to use ≥ 1000 μg fentanyl compared with the control group (2% vs. 16%; p = 0.016). There were no differences in opioid‐related side‐effects or maternal satisfaction with analgesia. The addition of the ilioinguinal‐transversus abdominis plane block provides superior analgesia to our usual multimodal analgesic regimen.
Advances in derivation,culture and vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

：Human embryonic stem(hES) cells are pluripotent cells and could be induced to differentiate into various typesof cells under special condition. Study of hES has tremendous value for the mechanism ofhuman embryo development, research of human gene function, and therapeutic cloning. Thisarticle will review the derivation, culture and in vitro differentiation of humanembryonic stem cells.
Advanced learners’ L1 (Swedish) versus L2 (English) inferencing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research shows that the most important skill to possess when learning a previously unknown word is to be able to interpret its meaning based on the context in which it is found (Nation, 2001). This is especially true for L1 learners, but regrettably, research shows, not as true for students learning a second language (Nation, 2001). The aim of the present study is therefore to investigate what differences, if any, there are between advanced learners’ inferencing skills in their first versus their second language. This is done by subjecting 15 first-term university students to two parallel inferencing tests in their L1 (Swedish) and L2 (English) respectively. Although the number of inferences and the success rate vary from student to student, the results of the present study show that the learners made extensive use of contextual clues, in their L1 as well as in their L2. Also, the success rate was comparatively high, indicating the great potential learners possess for inferencing. However, in order to improve the students’ results, it may be that the teaching syllabus needs to make room for instruction on how to make use of contextual clues so that the potential learners clearly possess is nurtured further.
Tobacco packaging and labeling in the Americas: progress and gaps

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -Articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -Papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Tobacco Industry Monitoring Letters -brief articles on tobacco industry tactics.
Improving Student Achievement in Writing at Lake Ridge Middle School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Goal: The average score of students, at grade 7, meeting state benchmarks in writing will increase by 5% annually as measured by the state writing assessment (OAKS); in addition students at all grade levels will engage in a writing curriculum that will increase the amount and quality of writing in every class. \nThe average score of students, at grade 7, meeting state benchmarks in writing will increase by 5% annually as measured by the state writing assessment (OAKS); in addition students at all grade levels will engage in a writing curriculum that will increase the amount and quality of writing in every class.
Impact of Drill Bit Wear on Screw Withdrawal Resistance in Pinewood

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many factors affect screw withdrawal resistance (SWR), including screw size, embedment depth, the pre-drilled hole’s diameter, dimensional accuracy, and the furniture pieces’ material properties being joined. While prior research has extensively examined the influence of these factors, this study aimed to explore a neglected factor: how drill bit wear impacts pilot hole quality and subsequent SWR. The experimental setup included pinewood samples with pre-drilled 5 mm diameter blind pilot holes with a depth of 45 mm. The holes were equally divided into two groups: one drilled with a sharp bit, the other with a blunt bit. Euro-type coarse furniture screws (7 mm major diameter, 4 mm minor diameter, 3 mm pitch) were screwed into all holes. Subsequently, SWR was measured using a universal testing machine. Results show a statistically significant decrease in SWR when using the blunt drill bit. This phenomenon can be explained by excessive local material degradation, increased surface roughness, and disrupted hole dimensional accuracy, collectively hindering SWR. The study’s findings offer insights into how excessive drill bit wear impacts the screw withdrawal capacity of pinewood, informing best practices in furniture and construction.
Gold-Catalyzed Heterocycle Synthesis Using Homopropargylic Ethers as Latent Electrophiles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[reaction: see text] Homopropargylic ethers with pendent nucleophiles, when subjected to Au catalysts in aqueous solvent, provide heterocyclic ketones. The reactions are efficient, tolerant of functionality and ambient atmosphere, and operationally simple. Diastereoselectivity can be predicted on the basis of product thermodynamics. This process demonstrates the viability of homopropargylic ethers to serve as latent electrophiles that can be unraveled under highly selective conditions to promote heterocycle formation through nucleophilic additions to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.
Effects of Starvation on Blood Composition and Ovarian Development in Carassius auratus gibelio

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blood compositions and ovarian development in Carassius auratus gibelio were examined after treating by feeding (control group),4-week starvation,and 2-week starvation followed by 2-week refeeding,respectively.Results were as following:1)The red blood cell count,hemoglobin,blood glucose,triglycride and cholesterol contents were decreased significantly.The white blood cell counts,the size of red blood cell and the total serum protein contents were similar to the level of control group during starvation period.After being refed for 2 weeks the blood glucose content of the starvation-treated fish was still significantly lower than the control group.2)Starvation delayed the ovarian development,and decreased the gonadal somatic index and egg diameters.After being refed for 2 weeks the ovarian development of the starvation-treated fish was still lagged behind that of control group,and gonadal somatic index and egg diameter were lower than that of control group.Analysis showed that the blood composition of starvation-treated fish could recover to the level of control fish after refeeding,and starvation delayed the ovarian development.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of 4-Cyano and 4-Formyl Melatonin as Putative Melatoninergic Ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fluorescent ligands are imperative to many facets of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report the syntheses of two fluorescent melatonin-based derivatives as potential ligands of melatonin receptors. The two compounds, namely, 4-cyano and 4-formyl melatonin (4CN-MLT and 4CHO-MLT, respectively), which differ from melatonin by only two/three atoms that are very compact in size, were prepared using the selective C3-alkylation of indoles with N-acetyl ethanolamines involving the "borrowing hydrogen" strategy. These compounds exhibit absorption/emission spectra that are red-shifted from those of melatonin. Binding studies on two melatonin receptor subtypes showed that these derivatives have a modest affinity and selectivity ratio.
LHD dcece #159536.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.
Aspects Regarding the Dielectric Heating of Small Wood Boards in Radio Frequency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a quality analysis of the electromagnetic and thermal field coupling in the RF (Radio frequency) dielectric heating process, based on experimental determinations and the results obtained after the numerical modeling of an oak wood board dielectric heating, which was placed into a Staggered-Through and, respectively, into a Strayfield field applicator. The software for modeling used was Flux2D-7.40 with the Dielectro-Thermal module. The results obtained, the geometry of the applicator and the voltage applied on the electrodes represent useful information for the users of electrothermal processing in RF.
Discovery of a Potent and Selective Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibitor by High-Throughput Docking

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To assess the potential of protein kinase CK2 as a target for developing new antitumor agents, we have undertaken a search for inhibitors of this enzyme. As part of this effort, we report here the discovery of the potent and selective CK2 inhibitor (5-oxo-5,6-dihydroindolo[1,2-a]quinazolin-7-yl)acetic acid. We identified this inhibitor of a novel structural type by high-throughput docking of our corporate compound collection in the ATP binding site of a homology model of human CK2, using an appropriate protocol. The synthesis of the inhibitor as well as that of related analogues whose CK2 inhibitory activities give support to the binding mode proposed by the docking program is described. The results obtained suggest that virtual screening of a 3D database by molecular docking is a useful approach for lead finding provided that adapted postdocking filtering and reranking procedures are applied to the primary hit list.
Synergistic Action of Amrinone and Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP on Myocardial Metabolism and Hemodynamics in the Early Postoperative Period Following Open-Heart Surgery.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

開心術後急性期において, アムリノンを10μg/kg/min持続投与し, 4時間後に1時間にわたって Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) を12.5μg/kg/min併用投与した. アムリノン単独投与で有意な変化は1回拍出係数の増加, 心拍数の減少, 収縮期血圧の低下, double product の減少, 肺動脈楔入圧の低下, 中枢-末梢温較差の減少であった. DBcAMP併用投与によってさらに, 心係数と1回拍出係数の増加, 酸素供給量の増大, 動脈血乳酸濃度の低下, 全身血管抵抗と肺動脈血管抵抗の減少, 血糖値とC-ペプチドの上昇がみられた. 心筋過剰乳酸は単独投与3時間で負になり, 併用後さらに減少した. アムリノン単独投与では頻脈の発生はなく, 血行動態の改善に寄与し, DBcAMPとの併用により作用は強められ, 心筋代謝においては障害心筋の好気性代謝への変化は併用においても同様であった. 術後管理上, 両剤の併用は有用な方法であると思われた.
STUDYING OF GUYED MAST SECTIONS VARIATIONS IN STATIC ANALYSIS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A guyed tower consists of a mast which is laterally supported by pre-tensioned guyed cables. In this study, the variations of axial forces in mast elements were investigated including chords, struts, diagonals and the changes of sections in elements in height, using several towers subjected to the combination of dead and wind load. Non-Linear analysis of all towers has been carried out using a finite element package written by the former writer and then the model and the results have been validated by Sap2000 package. The truss elements have been used to model the latticed mast. The guys have been modeled using non-linear cable elements. The results of analysis showed that the chord forces varied considerably with height increasing. Thus cross section of legs in mast can be reduced by height increasing. Also, the variations of maximum axial forces in diagonals and struts in panels are not significant in height; therefore the change of cross section of those members can be ignored in height.
Breaking Out Without Selling Out

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Based on a theoretical framework that addresses the "motive inference problem," I identify when and why expansion may be interpreted as betrayal by original customers and when original customers may accept and even welcome expansion. In particular, insofar as the available market size in the original market segment seems too small for survival and sustaining services valued by original customers, expansion to new segments will appear justified as a way to serve original customers. By contrast, when the available market size in the original market segment seems sufficiently large, expansion will raise suspicion of betrayal. This theory is tested in two studies. Study 1 shows that expansion of a microbrewery beyond its home state is associated with lower online ratings from home-state reviewers when the available market size in the home state is large but the same action is associated with higher ratings when the home state's available market size is small. Study 2, an online experiment on a simulated consumer goods startup, shows that the key driver of the effect is the consumer's perception of how expansion undermines or augments a startup's perceived commitment to its original customers.
Pulmonary Function and Scoliosis in Duchenne Dystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Pulmonary function data were evaluated in 68 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients to determine the rate of decline of the percentage of normal forced vital capacity (FVC). The percentage of normal FVC declined most rapidly during the adolescent growth spurt, which demonstrated a need for an accurate and reliable means for determining height in these patients. The age at 35% of normal FVC was 14.9 ± 3.6 years (2 SD), and survival for the 28 patients who died was 3.2 (range 0.2-5.7) years. Pulmonary function tests were performed 10-74 months after spinal stabilization on 21 Duchenne dystrophy patients and compared with 46 nonfused scoliotic Duchenne patients. No difference was found in the rate of deterioration of the percentage of normal FVC.
A theory of cancer survivorship based on the needs of a population diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Currently, there are an estimated 13 million Americans alive today with a history of cancer (American Cancer Society, 2013). By the year 2020, this number is expected to reach 20 million (Erikson, Salsberg, Forte, Bruinooge, & Goldstein, 2007). As new treatments are developed and survivors live longer, a new category of survivors living with chronic yet incurable cancers has emerged. There are an estimated 15,680 new cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed in 2013 (ACS, 2013). New technologies, along with advances in disease management has lead to an overall increase in 5 and 10 year survival rates in CLL with the average median survival rate of 10 years (Brenner, Gondos, & Pulte, 2008; Cortes, et al., 2010). The purpose of this study was to formulate a theory that captured survivorship based on the needs of the population diagnosed with the most common form of leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. There were a total of 12 participants in this study. Utilizing a qualitative grounded theory methodology, the study consisted of semi-structured interviews to explore their concept of survivorship and the effect on their lives as a result of living with their disease. Data results were grouped into six main themes (There's a Cloud There, In the Beginning, Certainty of Illness, Lens of Life, Human Advocacy, and Cures for the Incurable). This study increases understanding and provides insight into what it is like to live with CLL. The study also assists in guiding healthcare professionals to develop appropriate strategies and to better educate and manage the multiple dimensions of these unique survivors.
Applying a Customer Value Model in mobile communication business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Communication services are currently confronted with large changes due to the price erosion of services and the entry of new service providers. The gap has been filled with different services that are anticipated to be successful in the near future. The problem, however, is that firms do not necessarily know what their customers' value is. This paper applies the Delphi method to the formulation of the Customer Value Model (CVM) which is implemented by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result is a model for understanding customer value preferences in performance analysis of the case systems.
Measuring early childhood development: considerations and evidence regarding the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Reflecting a burgeoning political interest in supporting young children around the world, global demand for reliable, valid, and scalable assessments of early childhood development (ECD) is on the rise. One of the more popular sets of tools for measuring the ECD of children under age 3 is the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI), which includes both a long form for research and evaluation and a short form for population‐level monitoring. In this commentary, we describe the goals and limitations of the CREDI, research to support its use as a population‐level ECD instrument, as well as the major gaps in its evidence base. We also discuss how the work of Alderman and colleagues (in this issue) addresses some of these outstanding gaps, highlighting several critical areas for future research.
Synthesizing testable systolic arrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The testability of a design can be assessed subjectively using
estimates and a scoring system. Objective assessment requires a Test
Vector Generation (TVG) effort as well as Design for Test (DFT) hardware
changes. However assessing the testability of different systolic arrays
which implement the same algorithm can contain a large TVG cost. We
develop an integrated design and test methodology for systolic arrays,
which generates a set of test vectors early in the design cycle, thus
eliminating the TVG cost from the design evaluation. Hence testability
can be considered alongside traditional design considerations such as
performance
DİL VƏ CƏMİYYƏT – SOSİAL HƏYATIN ƏSAS KOMPONENTLƏRİ

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Language and Society-the Main Components of Social Life Summary This article explores the role of language in society, its influence on social changes, and how it evolves and develops as a result of societal progress. Language and society are two fundamental social institutions that shape each other. Language not only serves as a carrier and transmitter of culture but also regulates interpersonal communication and forms social identity. The article discusses the role of language in social stratification, theoretical approaches within the framework of sociolinguistics, and the impact of globalization on language. Special emphasis is placed on the functions of language in social life, its interaction with society, and its role in preserving cultural identity. The aim is to highlight how language is a significant component in the formation of society and to draw attention to its various social aspects. Key words: language,society, communication, sociolinguistics, globalization, social structure
Utilization of Organic and Inorganic Waste Diversification to Improve Families Income in Panggung Jati Taktakan Serang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Waste was one of the problems faced by the people of Panggung Jati Urban Village. Waste management in Panggung Jati wasn’t optimized and even trash was being dumped carelessly. People's yards have not been fully utilized. This community service aims to provide knowledge for the woman of Panggung Jat