jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Organization in a Reaction-Diffusion Model for Alloy Electrodeposition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Alloy electrodeposition processes have been experimentally shown to exhibit electrokinetic instability that can lead to compositional heterogeneity in the electrodeposit bulk. Inspired by these experimental evidences we consider the DIB model, a morphochemical reaction-diffusion system introduced in [Bozzini et al., J. Solid State Electr.17, 467–479 (2013)] as a mean of understanding the formation of morphological patterns found in the electrodeposition processes. We discuss its rich spatiotemporal dynamics from both the analytical and numerical points of view, revealing interesting classes of morphogenetic scenarios in good qualitative accordance with experiments. The DIB model can in fact undergo to Turing and Hopf instabilities and classical Turing patterns as well as oscillating Turing patterns can be detected. In the Hopf region, we prove the existence of spiral wave behaviour and observe transition to spatiotemporal chaos via spirals break up. The role of cross-diffusion in pattern formation and selection is also discussed as well as some recent extensions of the model to spherical domains. References [1] Bozzini, B., Lacitignola, D., Sgura, I., 2013. Spatio-temporal organization in alloy electrodeposition: a morphochemical mathematical model and its experimental validation. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 17 (2), 467–479. [2] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Sgura, I., 2015. Spatio-temporal organization in a morphochemical electrodeposition model: Hopf and Turing instabilities and their interplay. European Journal of Applied Mathematics 26 (2), 143–173. [3] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Sgura, I., 2014. Spatio-temporal organization in a morphochemical electrodeposition model: Analysis and numerical simulation of spiral waves. Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 132, 377–389. [4] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Frittelli, M., Sgura, I., 2017. Turing pattern formation on the sphere for a morphochemical reaction-diffusion model for electrodeposition. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 48, 484 – 508. [5] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Peipmann, R., Sgura, I., 2018. Cross-diffusion effects on a morphochemical model for electrodeposition, Applied Mathematical Modelling 57, 492– 513. [6] Lacitignola, D., Sgura I., Bozzini, B., Dobrovolska Ts., Krastev I., 2019. Spiral waves on the sphere for an alloy electrodeposition model, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 79, 104930.
ALGSL89: An Algerian Sign Language Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) is an area of active current research that aims to facilitate communication between deaf and hearing people. Recognizing sign language, particularly in the context of Algerian Sign Language (ALGSL), presents unique challenges that have yet to be comprehensively explored. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no study has considered the ALGSL Recognition. This is mainly due to the lack of available datasets. To overcome this challenge, we propose the ALGSL89 dataset, a pioneering effort in ALGSL research. The ALGSL89 dataset encompasses 4885 videos, capturing 89 distinct ALGSL signs, recorded by 10 subjects. This dataset serves as a foundational resource for advancing ASLR research specific to the Algerian signing community. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis of its characteristics, including statistical insights and detailed information on handshapes, positions, trajectories, and the dynamic aspects of sign movements. These details are crucial for researchers to gain a nuanced understanding of the dataset, ensuring its effective utilization in ASLR studies. In order to test the validity of our dataset, we provide the results obtained by applying a set of deep learning models. Finally, we present SignAtlas, an innovative ALGSL recognition system based on Autoencoder model.
Optimization and evaluation of the physical stability of shampoo preparations containing virgin coconut oil and aloe vera extract

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Hair is crucial for both aesthetic appearance and protection against sun damage. Shampoo is vital in hair care, often formulated with natural ingredients to enhance its effectiveness. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and aloe vera extract are two ingredients known for their roles as moisturizers and conditioners, as well as nutrients and emollients. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate and optimize the stability and physical characteristics of shampoo containing VCO and aloe vera. Methods: The primary surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was tested in concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The shampoos were prepared using an emulsification method and were evaluated based on organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, specific gravity, and viscosity. The formula that met all Indonesia National Standard (SNI) requirements was selected for further testing, including a cycling test to assess stability. Results: The findings indicate that the formula 5 (F5) containing 10% sodium lauryl sulfate exhibited optimal physical characteristics. Throughout six rounds of cycling tests, no phase separation was observed in F5, underscoring its stability. Conclusion: The optimized shampoo formula containing VCO and aloe vera (F5) demonstrated compliance with the required physical characteristics and stability standards. This formula presents a viable option for effective hair care, combining the beneficial properties of its natural ingredients with chemical stability.
New model of cervical stenosis in cats: Effects on size of brain ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid pressure

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It was shown that cervical obstruction of physiological cranio-spinal displacement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is developed during inflammating process after kaolin application, may lead to development of hydrocephalus and hydromyelia. We have tested this hypothesis on new experimental model of cervical stenosis without inflammation. Acute and subacute experiments were performed in cats in which plastic semiring was positioned in epidural space at C2 vertebrae separating spinal from cranial cerebrospinal fluid. CSF pressures were recorded in lateral ventricle (LV) and lumbar subarahnoid space (LSS). Size of both the brain ventricles and central canal was determined by planimetric method. In all experiments the CSF pressures were normal. However, in acute experiments with infusion of artificial CSF, the transmission of the increased CSF pressure from LV to LSS was limited. After 3 or 6 weeks, an atrophy of spinal cord was observed at the site of cervical stenosis and pressure transmission from LV to LSS was improved. Planimetric measurement of surface of coronal brain slice and ventricles showed that ventricular surface was 0.6± 0.1 % (n=5) in control and 1.6± 0.2 % (n=4) in animals with cervical stenosis (p<0.002). Change in size of central canal was not detected. These results support the hypothesis claiming that impairment of cranio-spinal displacement of CSF volume can lead to development of hydrocephalus. However, changes in size of brain ventricle and central canal are relatively limited, probably due to atrophy of spinal cord at the stenosis site, and improvement of physiological CSF cranio-spinal displacement.
OsbHLH98 regulates leaf angle in rice through transcriptional repression of OsBUL1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals that helps determine plant yield by affecting planting density. However, the regulation mechanism of leaf angle remained elusive. Here, we show that OsbHLH98 , a rice bHLH transcription factor, negatively regulates leaf angle. osbhlh98 mutant leaves formed a larger leaf angle, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing OsbHLH98 exhibited a slight reduction in leaf angle. We determined that the changes in leaf angle resulted from increased number and size of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in osbhlh98 mutants. Experiments using reporter constructs showed that OsbHLH98 is expressed on the adaxial side of lamina joints, consistent with its proposed function in regulating leaf angle. Furthermore, we established by chromatin immunoprecipitation and CUT&RUN that OsBUL1 is a direct downstream target of OsbHLH98. Transactivation assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis indicated that OsbHLH98 represses OsBUL1 transcription. Our results demonstrate that OsbHLH98 negatively regulates leaf angle by counteracting brassinosteroid‐induced cell elongation via the repression of OsBUL1 transcription. The characterization of OsbHLH98 and its role in determining leaf angle will lay the foundation to develop the ideal plant architecture for adaptation to high planting density.
Integrating Psychological Expertise into Professional Development and Career Advancement Strategies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction. In an era of global labor market transformations, building individualized career trajectory became essential. Professional competencies formation increasingly depends on psychological expertise, which served as a systemic tool for managing human capital.Objective. This study explored psychological assessment’ contribution to career development, focusing on its role in shaping soft skills, leadership potential, and stress resilience. It also examined international practices and corporate strategies that integrated psychometric tools.Method. Using a mixed-method approach, the study analyzed theoretical models—psychometric, constructivist, and integrative—of psychological assessment in professional settings. Empirical data included case studies from multinational corporations (Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Ford, Procter & Gamble) and national systems in the USA, Germany, France, Japan, and Sweden.Results. The findings showed that psychological expertise enhanced core competencies such as emotional self-regulation, self-reflection, and psychological maturity—factors critical for long-term professional success. In leading global companies, psychometric assessments formed a central element of HR strategies. National systems varied in structure and predictive models but shared a focus on aligning individual potential with labor market demands. In educational contexts, psychodiagnostic tools were used for early identification of professional profiles, guiding students toward informed career choices.Conclusion. Integrated psychological assessment was identified as a key factor in fostering adaptive and sustainable career behavior. By supporting emotional and cognitive readiness for professional challenges, it enabled individuals to navigate uncertainty and complexity. The study highlighted the strategic value of psychological expertise in both educational and corporate environments, positioning it as a cornerstone of modern human capital development.
Equilibrium Size in Network with Indirect Network Externalities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I present a simple model of determination of the equilibrium size of a network with indirect network externalities. Indirect network externalities can generate complementarity between goods, and then the demand functions for the network good are those of the complementary goods: the result in the determination of the equilibrium size in a market with indirect network externalities is the "classical" result with complementary goods. I calculate the number of consumers of each group that should be optimal for firms in different market structures, as perfect competition, monopoly and duopoly. The result is that the equilibrium size of the network with indirect network externalities depends on the market structure; it is wider in perfect competition than in monopoly and duopoly; because of the externalities, perfect competition is inefficient, that is, the equilibrium size in this market structure is smaller than the equilibrium size chosen by a social planner; prices charged in a duopolistic market with indirect network externalities are greater than prices charged in a monopoly market, and then, the equilibrium size in duopoly is smaller than in monopoly; this is the classical result that we obtain with complementary goods, generated by the indirect network externalities, and it is different from the result in markets with direct network externalities in wich the equilibrium size in duopoly is greater than monopoly because the competition with substitute goods.
Factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Incorrect statement of risk: In “Factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors” in the 2 August 2010 issue of the Journal (Med J Aust 2010; 193: 161-166), there was an error in the last paragraph of the Results section (page 163). The wording of the last sentence of the paragraph should be: “Doctors were at less risk of hazardous alcohol use if they: trained overseas rather than in Australia (OR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.39–0.81); worked more than 60 hours a week compared with less than 40 hours a week (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.45–0.99]); and had not taken a holiday in more than a year (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.43–0.93]).”
From the periphery to the centre: Protestantism and Korean identity in the north-west region

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In late 19th-century Korea, Protestantism was perceived as a symbol of western civilization and a messenger for western-style modernity. It was also accepted within the framework of a clash between civilizations, a confrontation of power against power. In such a context, traditional elements were seen as something to be discarded, while western-style modernity, including Protestantism, became the object of aspiration. As is well recognized, the ‘north-west region’ of Korea emerged as the cradle and most vibrant epicentre for the reception of Protestantism, outpacing other regions in terms of both rapid qualitative and quantitative growth within a short time frame. This raises the question: Why did Protestantism receive such an active and passionate welcome in the north-western region? As part of a case study, this article focuses on Pyeongan Province and explores how the encounter between the north-western region and Protestantism reshaped the pre-existing ‘identity’ of north-westerners. In essence, the reason why the people of the north-west region embraced Protestantism more actively compared to other regions was twofold: first, due to their long-standing aspiration to move towards the centre, which had persisted from the past, and, second, because the Protestantism introduced to this region had a mutual affinity with the north-western people. This can be considered as the factor that enabled the rise of north-western people in the early modern period.
Breakthrough infection among healthcare personnel following exposure to COVID-19: Experience after one year of the world’s largest vaccination drive

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Context: The COVID-19 vaccination drive globally was supposedly a game-changing event. However, the emerging variants of the virus and waning immunity over time posed new challenges for breakthrough infections. Standing at the frontline of defense against COVID-19, healthcare personnel (HCP) were vulnerable to such infections. Aims: This study estimates i) the vaccine breakthrough infections (VBI) among HCP following exposure to COVID-19 cases, and ii) the mean interval between the second dose of vaccine and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 385 HCP with a history of exposure to COVID-19 cases during January and February 2022. Demographic details and clinical and vaccination history were collected from the test forms and the Web-based hospital management system. Laboratory testing of COVID-19 was carried out by real-time RT-PCR test. Results: The majority of the HCP were males (262; 68.05%) and nurses (180; 46.75%) by occupation. Two doses of vaccines were received by 278 (87.7%) HCP. VBI was confirmed in 185 (66.55%) HCP. No significant difference in VBI between the COVAXIN and COVISHIELD recipients ( P = 0.69) was observed. The interval between the second dose and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly higher ( P < 0.00001) in COVAXIN recipients (median 228 days) than in COVISHIELD recipients (median 95 days). Conclusions: The incidence of VBI was very high among the HCP, but not statistically different among the COVAXIN and COVISHIELD-recipients. Waning immunity over time suggests boosting immunity with a third dose because of emerging variants.
A small molecule differentiation inducer increases insulin production by pancreatic β cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

New drugs for preserving and restoring pancreatic β-cell function are critically needed for the worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes and the cure for type 1 diabetes. We previously identified a family of neurogenic 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles (Isx) that increased expression of neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1, also known as BETA2); this transcription factor functions in neuronal and pancreatic β-cell differentiation and is essential for insulin gene transcription. Here, we probed effects of Isx on human cadaveric islets and MIN6 pancreatic β cells. Isx increased the expression and secretion of insulin in islets that made little insulin after prolonged ex vivo culture and increased expression of neurogenic differentiation 1 and other regulators of islet differentiation and insulin gene transcription. Within the first few hours of exposure, Isx caused biphasic activation of ERK1/2 and increased bulk histone acetylation. Although there was little effect on histone deacetylase activity, Isx increased histone acetyl transferase activity in nuclear extracts. Reconstitution assays indicated that Isx increased the activity of the histone acetyl transferase p300 through an ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. In summary, we have identified a small molecule with antidiabetic activity, providing a tool for exploring islet function and a possible lead for therapeutic intervention in diabetes.
Company railway transport control automation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Industrial companies are speciefic due to their sophisticated structure of the gridiron with a track distance of 4m. Today, identifying the rolling stock position with under 1m accuracy is an urgent issue for the railway vehicles located in the areas of near-station and within the track facilities of large industrial enterprises. This project suggests the implementation of the railway service management based on ZigBee technology. The use of this solution allows reducing the system power consumption. We have developed a planning scheme of the service position and a computation algorithm of maximum train speed limit, which is based on a differential method of calculating the parameters near the location zone and the travelling area.
Linkage Model between Sustainable Consumption and Household Waste Management System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

 Abstract—This research focused on the household consumption related with the waste management system. The approach is qualitative and using the quantitative data too. Based on the questionnaires on one hundred households at Kecamatan Duren Sawit we found (Spearman's Rho Correlation) that income has significant correlation with consumption (non-food). People are more likely buying food and non-food products based on their usage value. They have more choices in the market and they try to reduce and recycle their waste. Based on the observation, the temporary landfills locations are not properly standardized (less than one kilometer), which are close with the housing areas. This caused more diseases and more people to get sick. Even though, we have law UU No. 18/2008 for Waste Management, people do not separate their household waste before it is being carried by the sanitation officer. We must start with the sustainable consumption from the households level to reduce the waste.
Should We Stop Using Lexical Diversity Measures in Children's Language Sample Analysis?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Prior work has identified weaknesses in commonly used indices of lexical diversity in spoken language samples, such as type–token ratio (TTR) due to sample size and elicitation variation, we explored whether TTR and other diversity measures, such as number of different words/100 (NDW), vocabulary diversity (VocD), and the moving average TTR would be more sensitive to child age and clinical status (typically developing [TD] or developmental language disorder [DLD]) if samples were obtained from standardized prompts. Method: We utilized archival data from the norming samples of the Test of Narrative Language and the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument. We examined lexical diversity and other linguistic properties of the samples, from a total of 1,048 children, ages 4–11 years; 798 of these were considered TD, whereas 250 were categorized as having a language learning disorder. Results: TTR was the least sensitive to child age or diagnostic group, with good potential to misidentify children with DLD as TD and TD children as having DLD. Growth slopes of NDW were shallow and not very sensitive to diagnostic grouping. The strongest performing measure was VocD. Mean length of utterance, TNW, and verbs/utterance did show both good growth trajectories and ability to distinguish between clinical and typical samples. Conclusions: This study, the largest and best controlled to date, re-affirms that TTR should not be used in clinical decision making with children. A second popular measure, NDW, is not measurably stronger in terms of its psychometric properties. Because the most sensitive measure of lexical diversity, VocD, is unlikely to gain popularity because of reliance on computer-assisted analysis, we suggest alternatives for the appraisal of children's expressive vocabulary skill.
The Multiple Mechanisms by Which Watching Dramas Can Repair or Enhance Moods

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article seeks to explain the mood repair process that sad viewers undergo and the mood enhancement process that happy viewers adopt when they watch drama series with varying levels of likability and familiarity. Building on the idea that drama enjoyment can regulate moods, the authors test three possible processes: transportation path (involving transportation and enjoyment), meaning path (involving transportation, moved feelings, thought reflections, and enjoyment), and parasocial support path (involving transportation, parasocial interactions, identification with drama characters, and enjoyment). The findings identify likability as crucial and also show that the processes vary for happy versus sad viewers.