jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Zentrale Fragestellung der Arbeit ist, ob mit dem Sanierungsinstrument des Debt-Equity-Swaps nach § 225a InsO ein wesentlicher Fortschritt hin zu einer Sanierungskultur in Deutschland – in Anlehnung zur englischen Rescue Culture – geschaffen wurde, der die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Sanierungsstandorts Deutschlands stärkt. Anhand einer komparativen Analyse werden die ökonomischen, kulturellen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen zur Umsetzung von Debt-Equity-Swaps nach englischem und deutschem Recht herausgearbeitet. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Umsetzung der finanziellen Restrukturierung in einem (solventen) Scheme of Arrangement eingegangen, der sich in den letzten Jahren bei deutschen Unternehmen als taugliches Sanierungsinstrument großer Beliebtheit erfreute, allerdings Fragen nach der Anerkennung seiner Wirkung in Deutschland aufwirft. Abschließend wird erörtert, in wieweit die neuen insolvenzrechtlichen Regelungen zur Lösung eines gesellschaftsrechtlichen Konflikts geeignet sind.
Myelodisplastik sendromlar, gliyoblastom ve mide kanserinde alternatif poliadenilasyon analizi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is the process by which different length transcript isoforms are generated. Upon the changes in poly(A) tail positioning, especially in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), resulting mRNA isoforms may be regulated differently by negative or positive regulatory elements. Under normal circumstances, differential APA patterns have been observed during development or proliferation events. Therefore, such differential preferences of polyadenylation sites may be important in proliferative diseases. Indeed, APA events appear to be altered in cancer cells. A general trend towards 3' UTR shortening was observed in several cancers. The main aim of this study was to investigate alterations in APA patterns of myelodysplastic syndromes, glioblastoma multiforme and gastric cancer which are aggressive, rapidly proliferating diseases. To this end, APADetect, a probe-based microarray analysis tool, was used to analyze microarray datasets. For each transcript, the short/long ratio (SLR) values were calculated using the proximal and distal probe intensities according to poly(A) site location. Significant alterations in the SLR values were then detected by Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM). Further analyses were carried out to reveal any potential correlations with patients characteristics. Significantly altered transcripts were also analyzed for functional enrichment using gene ontology tools. Indeed, enrichment patterns could be seen in transcripts with functions related to both cell division cycle and tissue specificity. In addition to the bioinformatics based analyses, we focused on the TCF3 gene transcript which we observed to be commonly altered in the three diverse types of proliferative diseases that we analyzed and experimentally confirmed the presence of the shorter 3' UTR transcript isoform in a gastric cancer cell line. These results indicate that changes in APA patterns may be playing important roles in malignant transformations. While the results reported here are preliminary, we plan to extend these observations to an experimental setup to verify and investigate functional relevance. Further studies are necessary to identify novel diagnostic or prognostic markers for use in the medical field.
Figure 15 from: Kerr P (2014) The sequoia-loving sprite, a new genus and species of fungus gnat (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from California. ZooKeys 437: 109-126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.437.7932

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 15 - Strict consensus tree of 61 equally parsimonious trees from re-analysis of Borkent and Wheeler (2013), with the addition of Spritella sequoiaphila sp. n. Bootstrap values provided above branches where support ≥ 50% (500 reps).
Genetic resources and forestry in the Mediterranean region in relation to global change

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this review is to examine a few aspects of global change effects on forest genetic resources and their interaction. Genetic resources can provide many opportunities for the development of adaptive forest management in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, forestry and its various disciplines can offer manifold chances to develop methods and techniques for the in situ and ex situ protection, as well as for the correct management of species and populations at risk because of climate change. Among these aspects, the studies on the Marker Assisted Selection are particularly taken into consideration, as well as the phenotypic plasticity and the different types of assisted migration. A special emphasis is given to genetic resources growing at marginal peripheral populations, which need to be safeguarded as possible containers of adaptive diversity. They are subjected, in fact, to an extreme climatic stress more than others.
Der Stellenwert der erweiterten Saturationsbiopsie in der Detektion von Prostatakarzinomen nach unauffälligen Stanzbiopsien

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Patients with at least one negative prostate biopsy but persistent clinical suspicion for carcinoma underwent an extensive saturation prostate biopsy. We evaluated whether an “ideal” number of cores exists, and whether a biopsy protocol relating the number of cores to prostate volume is reasonable. Patients and Methods: Between February 1999 and December 2007, a total of 121 patients underwent biopsy; between 25 and 139 cores were sampled, respectively. All patients received general or spinal anaesthesia. In one step, we divided the patients in three groups according to the number of cores taken (<50, 51-75, >76 cores). In another step, they were split up into five groups depending on the number of cores taken per milliliter of prostate volume(<0,7, 0,8-1,2, 1,3-1,7, 1,8-2,2, >2,2 cores per ml prostate volume). Carcinoma detection rate was compared in both groups. Results: Prostate carcinoma was detected in 48 patients (39,7%). In the three groups depending on the number of cores, carcinoma detection increased insignificantly (32,7% vs 34,5% vs 52,5%; p=0,13). In the five groups according to the number of cores per ml prostate volume the differences in carcinoma detection were significant (8,3% vs 36,6% vs 44,8% vs 71,4% vs 61,5%; p<0,001). Complications were recorded in 4 cases (3,3%). Conclusion: We achieved high carcinoma detection rates with a relatively high number of cores. An “ideal” fixed number of cores is not advisable due to largely differing prostate sizes. However, linking the number of cores to prostate volume takes exactly these differences into account and may prevent undersampling of larger prostates. Although 2 or more cores per ml prostate volume achieved the highest carcinoma detection rates, in everyday practice this is still too much. Therefore we advise to take 1 to 1 ½ cores per ml prostate volume for high detection rates and a still reasonable protocol.
Parameter Dependent Uncertainty in Limit State Functions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In reliability theory an engineering system is given together with its limit state function g : X R n ! Y R : x! y = g(x) where x = (x1;:::;xn)2 X is a vector of basic variables (such as material properties, loads, etc.) and where g(x) 0 means failure of the system. Then the probability pf of failure of the system is obtained by pf = P (g(X) 0) = Z
Capillarity-like growth of protein folding nuclei

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We analyzed folding routes predicted by a variational model in terms of a generalized formalism of the capillarity scaling theory for 28 two-state proteins. The scaling exponent ranged from 0.2 to 0.45 with an average of 0.33. This average value corresponds to packing of rigid objects.That is, on average the folded core of the nucleus is found to be relatively diffuse. We also studied the growth of the folding nucleus and interface along the folding route in terms of the density or packing fraction. The evolution of the folded core and interface regions can be classified into three patterns of growth depending on how the growth of the folded core is balanced by changes in density of the interface. Finally, we quantified the diffuse versus polarized structure of the critical nucleus through direct calculation of the packing fraction of the folded core and interface regions. Our results support the general picture of describing protein folding as the capillarity-like growth of folding nuclei.
data from "Temperate bats may alter calls to partially compensate for weather-induced changes in detection distance"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Echolocation call parameters of three species of European bats collected between 2017-2019, recorded with a microphone array. This dataset is associated to the manuscript "Temperate bats may alter calls to partially compensate for weather-induced changes in detection distance". Included is the R script used for statistical analyses, as well as the R script used to model detection distances of different targets by bats across weather conditions.
Data Challenges in Development of a Regional Assignment: Simulation Model to Evaluate Transit Signal Priority in Chicago

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent years have seen major advances in the field of simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA), resulting in the development of DTA software packages capable of simulating real-world networks. However, simulation of such networks requires not only sophisticated algorithms and software, but also large and detailed data sets. Although algorithmic and software-related issues in large-scale DTA development have received considerable research attention, there is little reported experience with the data-related challenges in real-world applications of large-scale simulation models. There were challenges in using a large-scale simulation-assignment model for evaluation of transit signal priority (TSP) in the Chicago, Illinois, region. Relevant impacts of TSP are described, to provide a framework for comparing simulation approaches and data sets. The practice of using microsimulation models to evaluate TSP impacts on short corridors is compared with that of using regional assignment-simulation approaches, with an emphasis on TSP impacts that can be captured and observed with each one of the approaches. The data sets used for the regional Chicago TSP study are then described, along with assumptions made to adapt each data set to the task of regional time-dependent simulation.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening among Reproductive Age Group Women in Ekpoma, South-South Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Cervical cancer screening is an effective preventive approach to reduce the incidence of women developing cervical cancer. The utilization of Papanicolaou smear and HPV DNA testing has provided doctors with valuable tools for the early detection of women at risk. Method: This study involved 350 respondents and employed a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software. The Chi-square test was utilized to test for associations, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Result: The findings revealed a lack of knowledge regarding cervical cancer and screening. Only 136 (38.9%) of the respondents had heard about cervical cancer, and only 50 (14.3%) were aware of cervical cancer screening. Also, 184 (52.6%) had a positive attitude towards being screened, and 176 (50.3%) believed that they did not require their spouse's consent for screening. Regarding the practice of cervical cancer screening, only 22(6.3%) of the participants had undergone a cervical screening. Furthermore, no statistically significant correlation was found between sociodemographic variables and individuals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: This study highlights the poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer and screening among the participants. However, a majority of them expressed willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening and recognized the importance of early detection for better treatment outcomes.
Nuclear spin waves in disordered magnets with competing anisotropy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The frequencies of spin excitations in the nuclear subsystem of ferro- and antiferromagnets with a competing uniaxial anisotropy are determined. It is shown that under the conditions of large fluctuations of the anisotropy constant there can exist collective spin modes, corresponding to periodic changes in the variance of the orientational fluctuations of the magnetic moments. The characteristic features of NMR in the system involved in spin-orientational transitions are studied.
Algorithm Substitution‐Resistant SM9‐Based Searchable Encryption With Cryptographic Reverse Firewall for Cloud Storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT To protect data privacy in cloud storage, sensitive data is commonly encrypted before being uploaded to a cloud storage server (CSS). This process challenges secure and efficient ciphertext retrieval. Identity‐based encryption with keyword search (IBEKS) enables secure ciphertext retrieval but remains vulnerable to internal adversary attacks, particularly algorithm substitution attacks (ASA) in SM9‐based searchable encryption schemes. Additionally, existing protocols lack proactive defense mechanisms, making them vulnerable to insider threats that compromise system integrity. To address these challenges, this article proposes SM9‐based Searchable Encryption with Cryptographic Reverse Firewall (SM9SE‐CRF), a novel scheme designed to resist internal attacks while ensuring efficient ciphertext retrieval. Initially, a re‐randomizable IBEKS framework is developed as the foundation for constructing the SM9 searchable encryption scheme, enhancing both security and performance. Furthermore, Cryptographic reverse firewalls are deployed at both the Key Generation Center (KGC) and user ends, which dynamically re‐randomize cryptographic parameters to mitigate risks posed by internal adversaries. The SM9SE‐CRF scheme is implemented using the JPBC library and evaluated through comprehensive security and performance analyses. Results demonstrate that SM9SE‐CRF effectively mitigates offline keyword guessing attacks and ASA threats from malicious insiders. Performance evaluations reveal that at a 128‐bit security level, SM9SE‐CRF achieves a 93% reduction in runtime compared to existing schemes, with the cryptographic reverse firewall adding merely 1.16% overhead. This minimal computational cost highlights the practical applicability of SM9SE‐CRF in privacy‐preserving cloud storage systems, particularly in enterprise data sharing, secure outsourced storage, and cloud‐based information retrieval applications.
Further Considerations on Anderson's Considerations on Western Marxism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the past decade, New Left Review and Telos have jointly done more to open up the ongoing tradition of continental Marxism to English-speaking readers than any other journals. Through their lengthy and frequent commentaries on what until recently has been an “unknown dimension” of Marxist theory, they have stimulated a discussion more sophisticated and open-ended than any in the previous history of radical thought in Britain or America. Without their tireless translations of continental articles and books, our awareness of what is now known as “Western Marxism” would be severely impoverished. Yet, except for the rare article by Robin Blackburn or Russell Jacoby, writers associated with one journal have been almost entirely absent from the pages of the other.
Robust Control Design of a Single Degree-of-Freedom Magnetic Levitation System by Quantitative Feedback Theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A magnetic levitation (maglev) system is inherently nonlinear and open-loop unstable because of the nature of magnetic force. Most controllers for maglev systems are designed based on a nominal linearized model. System variations and uncertainties are not accommodated. The controllers are generally designed to satisfy gain and phase margin specifications, which may not guarantee a bound on the sensitivity. To address these issues, this paper proposes a robust control design method based on Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) applied to a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) maglev system. The controller is designed to successfully meet the stability requirement, robustness specifications, and bounds on the sensitivity. Experiments verify that the controller maintains stable levitation even with 100% load variation. Experiments prove that it guarantees the transient response design requirements even with 100% load change and 39% model uncertainties. The QFT control design method discussed in this paper can be applied to other open-loop unstable systems as well as systems with large uncertainties and variations to improve system robustness.
Effects of luteolin on the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Luteolin, a flavonoid isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia , has been examined with regard to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia HL‐60 cells. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of the growth after 96 h was 15 ± 1.1 μ M . The mode of cell death induced by luteolin was found to be apoptosis, as judged by the morphologic alteration of the cells and by the detection of DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis. The degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and flow cytometric analysis. These results suggest that luteolin may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MECHANISM OF PINK1-MEDIATED UBIQUITIN PHOSPHORYLATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ubiquitin phosphorylation by PINK1 (PTEN-induced Putative Kinase 1) is crucial for mitochondrial quality control and loss or mutation of PINK1 can lead to autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). PINK1 is an unusual kinase, as it is characterised by three unique insertions in its kinase N lobe and a C-terminal region after the kinase domain. Despite great effort, a structure of PINK1 could not be determined and the molecular mechanism of ubiquitin phosphorylation and the effect of the PINK1 AR-JP patient mutations remained elusive. The versatile modifier ubiquitin (Ub) is also an unusual kinase substrate, as its phosphorylation site (Ser65) is not exposed, but protected by the Ub fold. Hence, it was not clear how a kinase would be able to target Ser65 of Ub. This work shows that Ub needs to adopt a previously described conformation in order to be efficiently phosphorylated by PINK1. NMR experiments revealed that in a small population of Ub the last β-strand is retracted, resulting in a more accessible Ser65 loop. It could be shown that PINK1 binds the Ser65 loop in this C-terminally retracted conformation (Ub-CR), but not in the ‘common’ conformation. In addition, it could be shown that Ub trapped in the Ub-CR conformation by point mutations (Ub TVLN) is phosphorylated significantly faster than Ub wt, which only adopts the Ub-CR conformation at very low frequency. To further elucidate how PINK1 binds and phosphorylates Ub, the kinase domain of Pediculus humanus corporis (Ph)PINK1 was crystallised in complex with Ub TVLN stabilised by a nanobody. The structure revealed many peculiarities of PINK1, such as the architecture of the unique insertions and the C-terminal region. Together with NMR and mass spectrometry studies, the structure explains how PINK1 interacts with ubiquitin via insertion-3 and its activation segment, and how PINK1 utilises the Ub- CR conformation for efficient Ser65 phosphorylation. In addition, the structure shows that two autophosphorylation sites in the N lobe regulate PINK1, by stabilising the functionally important insertions. The structure helped our understanding of the molecular basis of over 40 AR-JP patient mutations and may guide the design of ARJP therapeutics in the future.
경제제재와 경제지원의 효과 분석 및 대북정책에 대한 시사점: 전망이론적 논의

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic sanctions and inducements are types of ‘policy instruments’ based on ‘economic tools’ to influence other international actors. Ongoing debates on sanctions and inducements have exposed drawbacks for relying on individual case studies. There a
Methodological troubles as problems and phenomena: ethnomethodology and the question of ‘method’ in the social sciences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Across the disciplinary frontiers of the social sciences, studies by social scientists treating their own investigative practices as sites of empirical inquiry have proliferated. Most of these studies have been retrospective, historical, after‐the‐fact reconstructions of social scientific studies mixing interview data with the (predominantly textual) traces that investigations leave behind. Observational studies of in situ work in social science research are, however, relatively scarce. Ethnomethodology was an early and prominent attempt to treat social science methodology as a topic for sociological investigations and, in this paper, we draw out what we see as its distinctive contribution: namely, a focus on troubles as features of the in situ, practical accomplishment of method, in particular, the way that research outcomes are shaped by the local practices of investigators in response to the troubles they encounter along the way. Based on two case studies, we distinguish methodological troubles as problems and methodological troubles as phenomena to be studied, and suggest the latter orientation provides an alternate starting point for addressing social scientists' investigative practices.
The Secret History of the Hakkas: The Chinese Revolution as a Hakka Enterprise

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Few China scholars or Chinese citizens know one of the most basic facts about Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Guo Moruo or many other modern leaders: they are all Hakka. Most popular and official histories, in China and abroad, ignore this basic ethnic bond. The title of this article is used ironically, in deliberate parody of the genuine Secret History of the Mongols . The subtitle points toward an ironic but serious effort to illuminate a major facet of revolutionary history which remains almost entirely unexplored.
Comparison of surface and derivative evaluation methods for the rendering of NURB surfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Three methods for evaluating the surface coordinates, first derivatives, and normal vectors of a NURB surface are compared. These methods include forward differencing, knot insertion, and a tow-stage Cox-de Boor technique. The computational complexity of each of these techniques is analyzed and summarized. The use of Hermite functions is shown to yield a poor approximation for the shading functions of a NURB surface. An improved method for computing derivatives by knot insertion is presented. An efficient algorithm for computing the foward difference matrix and a method for using foward differencing to compute the first derivatives of a NURB surface are also presented.