jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Excision, transfer, and integration of NBU1, a mobilizable site-selective insertion element

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Bacteroides species harbor a family of conjugative transposons called tetracycline resistance elements (Tcr elements) that transfer themselves from the chromosome of a donor to the chromosome of a recipient, mobilize coresident plasmids, and also mediate the excision and circularization of members of a family of 10- to 12-kbp insertion elements which share a small region of DNA homology and are called NBUs (for nonreplicating Bacteroides units). The NBUs are sometimes cotransferred with Tcr elements, and it was postulated previously that the excised circular forms of the NBUs were plasmidlike forms and were transferred like plasmids and then integrated into the recipient chromosome. We used chimeric plasmids containing one of the NBUs, NBU1, and a Bacteroides-Escherichia coli shuttle vector to show that this hypothesis is probably correct. NBU1 contained a region that allowed mobilization by both the Tcr elements and IncP plasmids, and we used these conjugal elements to allow us to estimate the frequencies of excision, mobilization, and integration of NBU1 in Bacteroides hosts to be approximately 10(-2), 10(-5) to 10(-4), and 10(-2), respectively. Although functions on the Tcr elements were required for the excision-circularization and mobilization of NBU1, no Tcr element functions were required for integration into the recipient chromosome. Analysis of the DNA sequences at the integration region of the circular form of NBU1, the primary insertion site in the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 5482 chromosome, and the resultant NBU1-chromosome junctions showed that NBU1 appeared to integrate into the primary insertion site by recombining within an identical 14-bp sequence present on both NBU1 and the target, thus leaving a copy of the 14-bp sequence at both junctions. The apparent integration mechanism and the target selection of NBU1 were different from those of both XBU4422, the only member of the conjugal Tcr elements for which these sequences are known, and Tn4399, a mobilizable Bacteroides transposon. The NBUs appear to be a distinct type of mobilizable insertion element.
Management Options for Advanced Low or Intermediate Grade Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review of Recent Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our understanding of the biology, genetics, and natural history of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas has improved considerably in the last several decades and the spectrum of available therapeutic options is rapidly expanding. The management of patients with metastatic low or intermediate grade NETs has been revolutionized by the development of new treatment strategies such as molecular targeting therapies with everolimus and sunitinib, somatostatin analogs, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy that can be used alone or as a multimodal approach with or without surgery. To further define and clarify the utility, appropriateness, and the sequence of the growing list of available therapies for this patient population will require more high level evidence; however, data from well-designed randomized phase III clinical trials is rapidly accumulating that will further stimulate development of new management strategies. It is therefore important to thoroughly review emerging evidence and report major findings in frequent updates, which will expand our knowledge and contribute to a better understanding, characterization, and management of advanced NETs.
Incorporating scale effects in shallow footings in a hypoplastic macroelement model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work the hypoplastic macroelement for shallow foundations under six-degree-of-freedom loading conditions presented by Salciarini et al. (2011) is modified to account for observed scale effects, using data obtained from two series of small-scale model tests performed under natural and enhanced gravity (Bienen et al. 2006). The aim of the work is to develop an efficient tool for modeling the soil-footing system in complex soilfoundation-superstructure-interaction (SFSI) problems, which can be calibrated from small-scale test results. Indeed, one of the main limitations in the practical applications of the macroelement concept lies in the difficulties inherent in the identification of the model constants appearing in the constitutive equations. Comparing the 1g and the 200g test results has allowed to identify appropriate scaling laws that have been incorporated in the macroelement formulation, which demonstrates an improved capability of reproducing the experimental data.
“only the broken music”? the critical writings of Maria Jane Jewsbury

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article focuses on the anonymous publications of Maria Jane Jewsbury (1800-33), especially her contributions to the Athenaeum from 1830 to 1832. Her writings published under her own name bear witness to her anxiety as a woman over venturing into the public sphere of authorship, an anxiety fostered both by her religious convictions and by contemporary strictures against female self-display. But her anonymous articles enabled her to demonstrate her intelligence and wit, without subjecting her to criticism (including self-criticism) for seeking literary fame. The article concentrates on Jewsbury's grappling with women's writing in three articles on very different authors (Jane Austen, Felicia Hemans and Joanna Baillie) – the one on Austen (1831) being the first literary criticism published on the novelist which is attributable to a woman. It ends by examining how Jewsbury strives to make a controversial male author, P. B. Shelley, acceptable to contemporary readers.
Effect of pharyngeal packing during nasal surgery on postoperative nausea and vomiting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pharyngeal packing in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after nasal surgery by taking into consideration the surgery types. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING A tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS After the study was approved by the local ethics committee, this study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology clinic with the collaboration of the Anesthesiology clinic. The development of PONV within 24 hours after surgery was evaluated in patients who were applied a pharyngeal pack (Group 1) or not (Group 2) during nasal surgery. RESULTS There were 104 adult patients for routine nasal surgery included in the current study, yielding 100 (group 1, n = 50; group 2, n = 50) evaluable subjects. No significant difference was found in the incidence of PONV between the two groups at two ( P = 0.41), four ( P = 0.54), eight ( P = 0.51), and 24 hours. According to surgery type, the incidence of PONV after two hours was 71 percent in septorhinoplasty, 68 percent in endoscopic sinus surgery, and 50 percent in septoplasty; after four hours it was 59 percent in septorhinoplasty, 53 percent in endoscopic sinus surgery, and 37 percent in septoplasty; and after eight hours it was 35 percent in septorhinoplasty, 39 percent in endoscopic sinus surgery, and 21 percent in septoplasty. PONV was not seen at 24 hours. Compared to the septoplasty group for which pharyngeal packing was used, significantly lower rates of PONV at four and eight hours were found in the septoplasty group in which pharyngeal packing was not used ( P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Pharyngeal packing in nasal surgery has no impact on PONV.
Defective membrane expression of the LFA‐1 complex may be secondary to the absence of the β chain in a child with recurrent bacterial infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Membrane and intracellular processing of the LFA‐1 macromolecular complex, known to be involved in cytolytic function of T lymphocytes, was investigated in a child with recurrent bacterial infections, impaired natural killer activity, T cell‐mediated lymphocytolysis and absent adhesion and migration of phagocytic cells. Monoclonal antibodies to the LFA‐1 α and β subunits, able to precipitate the LFA‐1α, 180‐kDa chain, the p151 chain and β 94‐kDa chain (shared by both α chains), were used in immunoprecipitation studies of patient and control phytohemagglutinin‐blasts. Neither of the α chains nor the β chain were found in precipitates obtained from 125 I‐surface‐labeled patient cells in contrast to controls. However, the precursor of the LFA‐1 α chain, a 170‐kDa polypeptide, was identified in lysates of biosynthetically labeled patients' cells. These results suggest that the defective membrane expression of the LFA‐1 complex may be secondary to the absence of the mature β chain.
Power-controlled phase-matching and instability of CW propagation in multicore optical fibers with a central core

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present modulation instability analysis including azimuthal perturbations of steady-state continuous wave (CW) propagation in multicore-fiber configurations with a central core. In systems with a central core, a steady CW evolution regime requires power-controlled phase matching, which offers interesting spatial-division applications. Our results have general applicability and are relevant to a range of physical and engineering systems, including high-power fiber lasers, optical transmission in multicore fiber, and systems of coupled nonlinear waveguides.
Divine Soldiers: the Boxers and their religious universe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author argues that the Boxers of 1900 should be understood from the mainstream religious culture of that time, rather than in terms of sectarian traditions as is still common, especially in Chinese language scholarship. This culture was expressed in narrative form in theatre, storytelling and ritual practices, and some of the best known vernacular novels of the sixteenth century. Their narrative and ritual contents formed part of the larger religious culture that shaped and motivated the Boxers. Threats to human society and imperial rule had to be addressed through demonological measures, including the performance of the maze or labyrinth which is not only a prominent part of some of these novels, but also was a common practice around the Lantern Festival in the first lunar month. The texts produced by the Boxers show clearly the importance of the demonological narrative, with a special role for Lord Guan or Guan Yu and his superior the Jade Emperor. In order to deal with the special threats of that time, including Christian missionaries and technological change from the West, these divinities ordered vast armies of Divine Soldiers to suppress these threats. The Boxers saw themselves as these Divine Soldiers.
Milk Thistle Leaves Aqueous Extract as a New Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Alloys in Alkaline Medium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The aqueous extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) leaves as a green corrosion inhibitor for AA7051 aluminum alloy in sodium hydroxide solution was investigated at a range of temperatures. Potentiodynamic polarization findings exhibit a mixedâ€“type inhibitor with directly increased inhibition efficiency with the concentration of inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on aluminum alloy obeys Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic as well as thermodynamic parameters were measured and discussed.
Periodicity of magnetic intensities in magnetic anomaly profiles: the Cretaceous of the Central Pacific

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Spectral analyses of long magnetic anomaly profiles of Cretaceous age in the Phoenix and Hawaiian lineations within the Pacific Basin show two to five non-harmonic wavelength peaks, with probabilities >90 per cent, within the range of several tens to hundreds of kilometres for each profile. For each profile with four peak wavelengths, their ratios correlate strongly (r >0.98) with the ratios for the Earth's orbital eccentricity periodicities for this time, and hence the profile peaks necessarily correlate with each other. These observations suggest that the magnetic anomaly signal is influenced by the Earth's changing orbital parameters, probably through their influence on the internal geomagnetic field. This implies that assumptions usually made to convert the magnetic signal to the magnetization of the oceanic crust may be suspect. The observations, if confirmed, indicate that orbital periodicities can assist in improving the age calibration of the global polarity timescale and that the predicted orbital behaviour of the Earth is confirmed for the last 150Ma.
An argon-dye laser system for photodynamic therapy and diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An argon-dye laser system for the clinical application of photodynamic therapy and photodynamic diagnosis is presented. Two out-patient treatment rooms and three operating theaters are served by an argon-dye laser system which can be accessed by remote-control from each treatment room. The argon-dye laser offers a wide range of light wavelengths with sufficient energy for all kinds of photosensitizers and fluorescent substances. This report presents our experiences with the first remote-controlled laser configuration which is being used routinely in clinical practice for photodynamic therapy and photodynamic diagnosis.
First occurrence of Amblyomma ovale in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Primeira ocorrência de Amblyomma ovale no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study aims to report the occurrence of parasitism by Amblyomma ovale (Koch, 1844) in dogs in the municipality of Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Specimens were identified as being one female and two males of A. ovale, besides; the animal was infested by five females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and seven females and three males of R. sanguineus. The finding of A. ovale confirms results in the literature that these ticks, reported in several species of wild carnivores, can also infect dogs in Brazil. The distribution of this tick species in several Brazilian states has already been confirmed, but this is the first report in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. This finding highlights the risk of the carrying of emerging and re-emerging pathogens to peridomestic hosts are as, either because of the frequency of these ticks in wild environments or the presence of infected wild animals near peridomestic environments, exposing domestic dogs to parasitism by A. ovale ticks and, therefore, to agents potentially carried by this ectoparasite.
O presente estudo objetiva comunicar a ocorrência do parasitismo por Amblyomma ovale (Koch, 1844) em cão, no município de Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os exemplares foram identificados como sendo uma fêmea e dois machos de A. ovale, além destes, o animal estava parasitado por cinco fêmeas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, sete fêmeas e três machos de R. sanguineus. O encontro de A. ovale confirma os resultados da literatura de que esses carrapatos, relatados em várias espécies de carnívoros silvestres, também podem infestar cães no Brasil. Este carrapato tem sua distribuição confirmada em vários estados brasileiros, sendo este o primeiro relato no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Este achado alerta para o risco do carreamento de patógenos emergentes e re-emergentes para regiões peridomiciliares, seja devido a frequência destes carrapatos em ambientes silvestres ou da presença de animais silvestres parasitados próximos a ambientes peridomiciliares, expondo cães domésticos ao parasitismo por carrapatos A. ovale e, consequentemente, a agentes potencialmente veiculados por este ectoparasito.
[A clinical study of 100 cases of AIDS in Africa].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this article, 100 cases of AIDS observed in Africa by the Chinese Medical Team are reported. The general clinical data were analyzed and studied, and the changes in the oral cavity and on the skin (Kaposi's sarcoma) are described. The results showed that oral mycotic infection and Kaposi's sarcoma are the strong evidences of this immunity deficiency and may be regarded as the early stage clinical manifestations of AIDS in Africa.
TRPM4 is a regulator of Ca2+ dependent cell functions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a Trpm4 knockout mouse model, we have shown that TRPM4 proteins constitute Ca2+‐activated non‐selective cation channels in mast cells. TRPM4 critically determines the driving force for Ca2+ influx upon FcepsilonRI receptor stimulation, i.e. Trpm4‐/‐ mast cells display a significantly hyperpolarized membrane potential and increased Ca2+ entry after antigen‐mediated activation compared to WT mast cells. Consequently, degranulation and release of histamine from BMMC's is agente and Trpm4‐/‐ mice display a more severe IgE‐mediated acute passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) response. These results established for the first time the physiological role of TRPM4 channels as critical regulators of Ca2+ entry in mast cells and for the development of acute hypersensitivity reactions in mice. Additional experiments have shown that selected insecticides that ameliorate allergic reactions interact with TRPM4. TRPM4 also critically determines migration of mast cells. In TRPM4‐/‐ mast cells, antigen induced migration and SCF induced chemotaxis are defective. Thus, TRPM4 is a critical regulator of Ca2+ dependent mast cell function. We will extend these results to other cell types expressing TRPM4.
Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a Motorized Cassava Peeling Machine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study focuses on the design, development, and performance evaluation of a motorized cassava peeling machine, constructed using locally sourced materials. The machine features an abrasive peeling drum, a hopper, a mild steel frame, and a pulley system, all powered by a 2 hp single-phase induction motor. During performance tests, the machine demonstrated an average throughput capacity of 75.54 kg/hr. and a peeling efficiency of 88.33%. Statistical analyses using factorial experimental designs revealed that machine speed and day after harvest had significant impacts on peeling efficiency (p = 0.0199) and throughput capacity. The optimal performance was observed when cassava tubers were processed 1 day after harvest using a 2 mm grater, maximizing throughput. While the interaction between the day after harvest and grater size significantly affected throughput capacity (p = 0.0213), the interaction between machine speed and grater size was insignificant. ANOVA results confirmed the reliability of the regression models, with model validation ensuring normality and constant variance. This locally fabricated machine offers an affordable and efficient solution for small to medium-scale cassava peeling, improving productivity and reducing manual labor.
[Development of lipomas on a surgical wound following radial saphenectomy. An unusual complication].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radical saphenectomy is a common practice in treatment of the varicose veins of the limbs, and its early and late complications are very well known. Nevertheless, the authors have observed an exceptional pathologic picture in one patient operated five years ago, which developed multiple nodular lipomas in the sites of the surgical scars for varicectomy. This unusual complication, in spite of lack of clear etiopathogenesis, suggest to reduce as less as possible the surgical subcutaneous traumatism.
Contention in the Courtroom: The Legal Dimension of the 1960s Protests in the German and US Student Movements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The images of campus protests and street battles of 1968 are deeply ingrained in public memory and have been the subject of many academic writings. However, the courtroom as a site of protest has been neglected as a serious field of inquiry. By comparing the ‘Chicago 8’ trial of 1969 in the USA with the proceedings against the members of the West German Kommune 1 of 1967, this article not only demonstrates the importance of the legal process as part of a wider movement strategy, but it also reveals striking similarities between the two cases – in the defendants’ protest strategies, and in the repertoires of ‘social control’ by the legal authorities. In spite of the different legal systems in which the trials took place – and without any transnational exchanges of legal strategies between participants – the dynamics of contention were almost identical in both countries. When asking how contention happens, evolves, and escalates, it seems that similar goals and strategies of the contending parties and the interaction between them mattered much more than the structural or institutional differences between the two legal systems. This interaction determined the very nature of the trials and established their central role in the history of the era.
Eigensystem synthesis for active flutter suppression on an oblique-wing aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The application of the eigensystem synthesis technique to place the closed-loop eigenvalues and shape the closed-loop eigenvectors has not been practical for active flutter suppression, primarily because of the availability of only one control surface (aileron) for flutter suppression. The oblique-wing aircraft, because of its configuration, provides two independent surfaces (left and right ailerons), making the application of eigensystem synthesis practical. This paper presents the application of eigensystem synthesis using output feedback for the design of an active flutter suppression system for an oblique-wing aircraft. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by linear quadratic Gaussian techniques.
The anatomical observation and application of the mastoid incisure and lateral-basalis important structures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:By measuring the distance of mastoid incisure and the importance of lateral skull base bone structure,to provide the anatomical reference for clinical relevant applications.Method:A total of 50 cases of adult skull specimens were taken(8 remove calvaria specimens,42 cases of entire cranial) 100 sides,measuring the distance of mastoid incisure and the important holes,cleft and tube distance of lateral skull base.Result:The distance of Posterior margin of left and right side mastoid incisure to stylomastoid foramen,jugular foramen lateral border,carotid canal external aperture posterior border,foramen lacerum,foramen spinosum,foramen ovale is separately 25.16±3.73cm and 25.02±3.58cm,30.92±3.50cm and 30.45±3.49cm,38.22±3.57cm and 38.14±3.43cm,57.23±3.71cm and 57.14±3.44cm,47.94±3.83cm and 48.32±3.54cm,53.70±3.98cm and 53.55±3.75cm.Conclusion:The posterior of mastoid incisure as the lateral skull base surgery localization labeling,can provide a more convenient and accurate positioning information for clinical related applications.
Martyrs, Patriots, Frenchmen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter looks at popular missionary journals, political pamphlets, and works of mission history from the 1890s to 1914. It traces how conflicts between Catholics and anticlerical critics drove leaders of the missionary movement to redefine their vocation to dovetail with republican goals of colonizing and civilizing. The result was an imperial ideology defined exclusively by neither republicans nor missionaries, but rather by a combination of two competing traditions faced with the tasks of justifying expansion and keeping control in France's overseas empire.