jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dipyridamole Thallium Scanning in the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease in Elective Abdominal Aortic Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Dipyridamole thallium scanning was routinely performed on 68 consecutive patients who presented for elective aortic surgery. All 68 patients were judged by clinical assessment to be at low risk for perioperative cardiac complications. In addition, 42 of 68 patients had a history of myocardial infarction, stable angina, or abnormal echocardiographic findings (group 1). Twenty-six of 68 patients did not have a history of myocardial infarction, angina, or abnormal echocardiographic findings (group 2). In group 1, 34 of 42 patients had positive results on dipyridamole thallium scanning, and 15 of these patients were found to have critical coronary artery disease on subsequent cardiac catheterization; nine underwent immediate coronary artery bypass grafting, and six had their coronary artery disease treated medically and their vascular operations cancelled. The remaining 27 patients in group 1 underwent elective operations, with six (22%) of 27 sustaining postoperative cardiac complications. None of the group 2 patients was found to have critical coronary artery disease. All patients in group 2 underwent aortic operation without cardiac complication. Routine dipyridamole thallium scanning detected a 22% (15 of 68) incidence of critical coronary artery disease overall. There was a 36% (15 of 42) incidence of critical coronary artery disease in group 1 patients vs 0% in group 2 patients (95% confidence interval, 21% to 50%). We conclude that the use of dipyridamole thallium scanning in low-risk patients for cardiac screening prior to elective aortic operations is beneficial in selected patients who have a history of myocardial infarction, angina, or abnormal echocardiographic findings, but is not necessary in patients with no history of coronary artery disease. (Arch Surg. 1991;126:880-884)
Evaluation of the Maturity of Urban Energy Internet Development Based on AHP-Entropy Weight Method and Improved TOPSIS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of communication technology and information processing technology, the construction of the Urban Energy Internet (UEI) has become one of the important construction elements of the new power system, and it is necessary to assess and analyse its development status and potential. However, the results of the current assessment of the maturity of UEI development are relatively rare, and the transformation path of urban smart energy construction needs to be studied in depth. On this basis, this study aims to propose an improved and comprehensive evaluation model for the maturity of UEI development. This study first considers the dynamic development process of the UEI and proposes an evaluation index system for the maturity of UEI development that includes three dimensions of development status, development benefits and development prospects. Secondly, a comprehensive evaluation model based on GRA-KL-TOPSIS is constructed by using the AHP-entropy weighting method to calculate the combined weights of indicators and considering the Kulla back-Leibler distance to replace the Euclidean distance in the traditional evaluation method. Finally, the maturity of Energy Internet development is calculated for five typical first-tier cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Shenyang), and the final ranking of the five cities is Shanghai > Beijing > Guangzhou > Tianjin > Shenyang. The results of the study prove the scientific validity of the model. Compared to the unimproved Topsis method, the evaluation results calculated based on the improved Topsis evaluation model are more objective and realistic in reflecting the score and rating of the cities. The analysis of the empirical results shows that cities at different stages of development should make up for their shortcomings and increase their investment in infrastructure development, technological innovation and the introduction of talents in order to accelerate the digital and intelligent development of energy.
Discussion on Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations by H. Rue, S. Martino and Nicolas Chopin

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Structured additive regression models are perhaps the most commonly used class of models in statistical applications. It includes, among others, (generalized) linear models, (generalized) additive models, smoothing spline models, state space models, semiparametric regression, spatial and spatiotemporal models, log-Gaussian Cox processes and geostatistical and geoadditive models. We consider approximate Bayesian inference in a popular subset of structured additive regression models, latent Gaussian models, where the latent field is Gaussian, controlled by a few hyperparameters and with non-Gaussian response variables. The posterior marginals are not available in closed form owing to the non-Gaussian response variables. For such models, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods can be implemented, but they are not without problems, in terms of both convergence and computational time. In some practical applications, the extent of these problems is such that Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is simply not an appropriate tool for routine analysis. We show that, by using an integrated nested Laplace approximation and its simplified version, we can directly compute very accurate approximations to the posterior marginals. The main benefit of these approximations is computational: where Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms need hours or days to run, our approximations provide more precise estimates in seconds or minutes. Another advantage with our approach is its generality, which makes it possible to perform Bayesian analysis in an automatic, streamlined way, and to compute model comparison criteria and various predictive measures so that models can be compared and the model under study can be challenged.
Hematological and Serological Effects of Rauscher Leukemia Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus on Immunosuppressed Newborn Subhuman Primates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Newborn immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys were inoculated with cells containing Rauscher leukemia virus. Two animals developed a mononucleosis-like hematologic picture with monocytosis in the peripheral blood smear and monocyte percentages up to five times increased. Antibody levels against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were measured because of the possible role of this agent in mononucleosis. Due to passive transfer of antibodies from the mothers, the titer against EBV was elevated at birth in all monkeys. However, the levels gradually fell and did not rise during or after the monocytosis associated with Rauscher virus inoculation. The Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn heterophile test remained negative. Other immunosuppressed primates were inoculated with cells containing EBV. The EBV produced serological but not hematological changes.
Optimal Pilfering Policies for Dynamic Continuous Thieves

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper considers the problems of a dynamic continuous thief, such as a habitual shoplifter or a gas siphoner, who must choose the pilfering rate (which increases the probability of his arrest over time) to maximize the present value of his total expected gain over a given finite or infinite horizon. The gain function incorporates the amount of pilfering, the one-shot penalty at the time of arrest and the continuous punishment subsequent to arrest. A thief is classified as a profit-maximizer, a kleptomaniac, or a risk-averter depending on whether he considers his gain function to be linear, convex, or concave in the pilfering rate, respectively. Optimal pilfering rates are obtained for each of these different types of thieves by using the methods of optimal control. It is shown that the optimal pilfering policy of a profit-maximizing thief is bang-bang, i.e., either to pilfer at the maximum possible rate or not to pilfer at all. In the particular case of a finitely-lived profit-maximizing thief, the optimal policy is not to pilfer while the thief is young and then to pilfer at the maximum rate toward the end of his life so that the continuous punishment subsequent to his arrest will not last too long. In the infinite horizon cases, both the profit-maximizing thieves and kleptomaniacs will either never pilfer or pilfer at the maximum rate depending on whether the parameters of the problem they are facing are unfavorable or favorable. The risk-averse thief, on the other hand, would settle at an intermediate pilfering rate throughout the infinite horizon. Finally, it is expected that knowledge of these optimal policies will have implications for the allocation of money between police, courts and penal institutions.
The Vlachs and the troubadour. Brief analysis of three poems by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this short article is not that of interpreting, analyzing in detail, or clearing out the mystery behind the presence of the Vlachs in two (or three) troubadour texts written by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras. It merely tries to bring forth a few detailed pieces of information concerning these texts, to correct previous hypotheses, and to replicate them as annexes, so that they may be accessible to Romanian historians, or to explain their close context. Previous remarks and selected fragments have been published by D. Gazdaru more than half a century ago, without extended references, due to the novelty of the matter, and the historical analysis of these texts did not change in Romanian historiography. Thus, one should cite without more ado the original text and try to interpret it later.
Forest management and maintenance of ectomycorrhizae: A case study of green tree retention in south-coastal British Columbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Assessment of ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization was carried out in a variable green tree retention experimental block near Powell River, British Columbia. We hypothesized that increasing retention level enhances colonization of EM fungi onto seedlings in harvested areas. We also investigated the role of isolated trees in EM maintenance. Transects were established in treatments where 0% (a clearcut), 5%, 10%, and 30% of trees were retained. Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted at 5, 15, 25 and 45 m from the remaining forest edge and excavated 18 months later for analysis of EM colonization. Within the forest, soil cores and sporocarp surveys provided information on EM species potentially available for colonization of seedlings. We observed a total of 85 EM morphotypes. The edge effects—declines with distance from the forest, observed in the 0% retention treatment—were diminished in the higher-retention treatments. EM richness and root colonization increased insignificantly with increasing tree retention when the influence of ubiquitous early-stage EM fungi and inherent microsite differences were accounted for. EM diversity next to isolated trees was greater than at 10 m from the trees, but lower than at 5 m from the forest edge. We discuss the implications of these relationships and the role of isolated trees in the context of these exploratory findings. While these results suggest certain trends, they are for a single installation and their applicability to forests elsewhere in the region needs further study.
Velocity-scalar filtered density function for large eddy simulation of turbulent flows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A methodology termed the “velocity-scalar filtered density function” (VSFDF) is developed and implemented for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows. In this methodology, the effects of the unresolved subgrid scales (SGS) are taken into account by considering the joint probability density function (PDF) of the velocity and scalar fields. An exact transport equation is derived for the VSFDF in which the effects of the SGS convection and chemical reaction are closed. The unclosed terms in this equation are modeled in a fashion similar to that typically used in Reynolds-averaged simulation procedures. A system of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) which yields statistically equivalent results to the modeled VSFDF transport equation is constructed. These SDEs are solved numerically by a Lagrangian Monte Carlo procedure in which the Itô–Gikhman character of the SDEs is preserved. The consistency of the proposed SDEs and the convergence of the Monte Carlo solution are assessed by comparison with results obtained by a finite difference LES procedure in which the corresponding transport equations for the first two SGS moments are solved. The VSFDF results are compared with those obtained by the Smagorinsky model, and all the results are assessed via comparison with data obtained by direct numerical simulation of a temporally developing mixing layer involving transport of a passive scalar. It is shown that the values of both the SGS and the resolved components of all second order moments including the scalar fluxes are predicted well by VSFDF. The sensitivity of the calculations to the model’s (empirical) constants are assessed and it is shown that the magnitudes of these constants are in the same range as those employed in PDF methods.
Reproduction and development of the asian bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) (Osteoglossiformes, Notopteridae) in captivity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Experimental data demonstrate that the environmental factors decreasing conductivity, slight variation of temperature, and water level have no influence on gonad development or courtship behavior in Notopterus notopterus. Spawning occurs during day time at a temperature of 25–28 °C. Newly spawned 3.8–4 mm adhesive eggs are guarded by the male until hatching. The egg envelope has external spiraling ridges, which are centered round the micropyle. Hatching occurs within 168–204 hours depending on temperature and even with some variability at 27°C constant incubation temperature. Exogenous feeding then starts on day 17 with a total length of 16.2 mm and yolk-sac remnants still present. The larval period lasts until day 36. Dark brown stripes appear on the body as one of the characteristic pigment patterns of juvenile N. notopterus at day 70 with a total length of around 34 mm, replacing the dotted pigment pattern of larvae and early juveniles. Later again a spectacular color change to uniformly gold-bronze coloration occurs. The genital papilla can macroscopically be recognized at day 80. Sexual maturity of N. notopterus in captivity as indicated by courtship behavior is first observed in 30-month old specimens of both sexes of the F1 generation with a total length of around 275 mm in males and 230 mm in females, whereas this might occur at smaller size in the P generation and in natural environment. Generally, in N. notopterus the embryonic period lasts longer and the onset of the larval period starts much delayed as compared to a typical indirect or saltatory development. The larval period before onset of the juvenile period with its spectacular color changes, shows few discernible stages of morphological development. It is immediately a pterygiolarva with the jaws, branchial arches, most fins differentiated, a distinct pigmentation pattern and the mouth opened during the embryonic and free embryonic phases.</p>
Modeling distributions and correlations in financial market returns.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The widely held models of Efficient Market Hypothesis were often shown to have shortcomings in explaining real life stock market fluctuations. In this paper, a short history of distribution models used in financial markets was briefly summarized. A simple approach was used to determine correlations in outliers of the markets. By proving correlations in market returns, it is shown to violate the fundamental assumptions of the Random Walk. As a result, the paper proposed a “Blind-tail” distribution which may possibly represent a better understanding of market distributions. Lastly, a simple empirical study using the principles of Chaos theory and non-linearity shows that market returns do display significant correlations.
Reiter's Syndrome After Administration of Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Reiter's Syndrome After Administration of Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin Get access Santiago Faus, Santiago Faus Departments of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine and Consultant Dermatologist, Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joaquin Martinez Montauti, Joaquin Martinez Montauti Departments of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine and Consultant Dermatologist, Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Joaquin Martinez Montauti, Medicina Interna, Hospital de Barcelona, SCIAS, Avenida Diagonal 660, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lluís Puig Lluís Puig Departments of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine and Consultant Dermatologist, Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 17, Issue 3, September 1993, Pages 526–527, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/17.3.526 Published: 01 September 1993
Sobre algunos problemas reales en visión por ordenador que conducen a sistemas de ecuaciones algebraicos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>[EN] In this paper we present some real problems which appear in computer vision which yields to nonlinear system of algebraic equations. We study the problem of camera calibration. Roughly speaking camera calibration consists in looking at the camera position in the 3- D world using as information the projection of a 3- D Scene in a 2-D plane (the photogram). The problem is quite different when we use a single view or several views (stereo vision) of the 3-D scene. We will show in this paper how these problems yields to nonlinear algebraic system of equations.</p>
Aggressive Communication Style as Predictor of Cyberbullying, Emotional Wellbeing, and Personal Moral Beliefs in Adolescence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Different forms of verbal aggression are often presented in cyberbullying and are used to harm others in online communication. This study proposed to understand the influence of an aggressive communication style on adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, their emotional well-being, and personal moral beliefs. A convenience sample of 218 adolescents (Mage = 14.67, SD = 0.84, 53% girls) in Portugal responded to questionnaires. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to test mediating effects. An aggressive communication style may lead adolescents to perceive cyberbullying behavior as fair, and to decrease their emotional well-being. Moreover, this communication style may contribute to adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, and whether they believe this type of behavior is fair or unfair may determine those intentions. These findings contribute to an understanding of determiners of cyberbullying and the provision of insights to develop school interventions in this field.
Down-Staging after Two Different Preoperative Chemoradiation Schedules in Rectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To compare preoperative downstaging, toxicity and sphincter-saving procedures obtained with preoperative radiotherapy and two different concomitant chemotherapy schedules. Methods From February 1997 to August 2001, 68 consecutive patients were treated with external radiotherapy (5040 cGy in 28 fractions) and concomitant chemotherapy: group a) 36 patients (10T2, 19T3, 7T4, 25 adenocarcinoma and 11 mucinous histology) were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum bolus + 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion; group b) 32 patients (14 T2, 18 T3, 27 adenocarcinoma and 5 mucinous histology) were treated with 5-fluorouracil bolus ± mitomycin C. The interval between the end of radiotherapy and surgery ranged from 4 to 9 weeks. Results Group a) Overall downstaging was 63.9%. Longitudinal shrinkage of the neoplasm allowed conservative surgery in 6 of 11 patients with a pre-chemoradiation tumor location ≤3 cm from the external anal ring. When patients with adenocarcinoma (25/36) were studied separately from patients with mucinous histology, 7/25 patients (28%) were found to have no microscopic evidence of residual tumor (pTO); 8/25 (32%) were found to have only rare isolated cancer cells (pTmic); only 7/25 patients (28%) were found to have no change. Overall, 72% patients had downstaging. In contrast, only 5/11 (45.5%) of mucinous tumors had partial downstaging and 6/11 (54.5%) no downstaging at all. Group b) Overall downstaging was 46.9%. When patients with adenocarcinoma (27/32) were studied separately, 7/27 (26%) were found to have pTO, 3/27 (11.1%) pTmic, and 13/27 (48.1%) no change. Only 1/5 (20%) of mucinous tumors had downstaging and 4/5 (80%) had no downstaging at all. Overall toxicity was comparable among groups a and b, except for lower hematologic and gastrointestinal G3-4 toxicity observed in group a. Conclusions The overall response allowed conservative surgery in 56 (82.3%) of the 68 patients. Continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and diamminedichloroplatinum as a radipsensitizer determined better results in group a than group b (63.9% downstaging vs 46.9% even with a higher incidence of mucinous histology). Mucinous histology, for a definitely lower response rate, could benefit from an even more aggressive approach.
Using Nutraceuticals to Help Manage Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a significant public health challenge that has an adverse impact on functional independence, quality of life, and life expectancy. Management of people’s chronic conditions is a key aspect of contemporary medical practice. Our study was an open label, single arm, prospective pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of treating people with TSCI. The study intervention was treatment with oral selenium and vitamin E. Participants were 18 years or older and experienced a TSCI at least one year prior to enrollment. Daily doses of 50 mcg of selenium and 400 IU of vitamin E were administered. Participants had radiologic (MRI tractography) and clinical (ASIA) assessments prior to initiating treatment, and these assessments were repeated after one year of treatment. Four subjects completed the full twelve-month study. Adherence, based on pill counts, was approximately 75% in all subjects. There were no adverse events related to study medications. During the treatment period, subjects reported improvement in certain symptoms. There was no significant difference in ASIA scores before and after the intervention. Combination treatment with vitamin E and selenium has been demonstrated as safe for TSCI patients. It is possible to use DTI values to locate the epicenter of a lesion as well as gauge the extent of injury. MRI tractography may serve as a meaningful surrogate endpoint. The results of this study suggest that it is feasible to conduct a larger long-term clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of combination treatment of TSCI.