jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after incidental dural tears in spine surgery: a systematic review of MIS and OS cohorts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Incidental dural tears (IDTs) are established complications in spinal surgery, yet the outcomes associated with early mobilization following IDTs differ between minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) and open spine surgery (OSS), with limited clarity on best practices. Objective: This systematic review examines the differential outcomes of IDTs after MISS versus OSS, with a focus on hospital length of stay (LOS), rates of major and minor complications, and reoperation frequency. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases through October 2022, with the quality of evidence evaluated per a modified version of Sackett’s Criteria. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, including 1 Level I study, 3 Level II studies, and 8 Level IV studies. Statistical comparisons were performed using unpaired t-tests and chi-squared tests to assess significance. Results: A total of 653 OSS patients (mean age 60.7 ± 3.5 years) and 179 MISS patients (mean age 61.6 ± 1.5 years), all mobilized within 24 hours were included. Dural repairs were performed in 95% of OSS cases and 98% of MISS cases. Although MISS patients experienced a shorter LOS (mean 2.0 ± 1.8 days) than OSS patients (mean 5.7 ± 2.9 days). Major complications were observed in 6.0% of OSS cases and 3.9% of MISS case, while minor complications were significantly reduced in MISS (2.2%) compared to OSS (6.0%). Although Dural repairs were performed in a similar percentage of patients in both groups (95% in OSS vs. 98% in MISS), the mean number of primary repairs per patientwas significantly lower in the MISS group (3.5 ± 1.1) than in the OSS group (4.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.0283). This likely reflects fewer complex or multi-layered repairs needed in MISS, despite the high overall repair rate. Moreover, Reoperation rates were substantially lower in MISS (mean 5.6% ± 1.9%) relative to OSS (mean 8.5% ± 2.1%). The follow-up periods were statistically different between the OSS (10.5 ± 2.6 months) and MISS (9.1 ± 1.7 months) groups. Conclusion: MISS demonstrates potential significant benefits over OSS following IDT, with markedly lower minor complications and reoperation rates, as well as reduced need for primary repairs, and a trend toward shorter hospital stays.
Passive control of the flow around a square cylinder using porous media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The passive control of bluff body flows using porous media is investigated by means of the penalization method. This method is used to create intermediate porous media between solid obstacles and the fluid in order to modify the boundary layer behaviour. The study covers a wide range of two‐dimensional flows from low transitional flow to fully established turbulence by direct numerical simulation of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. A parametric study is performed to illustrate the effect of the porous layer permeability and thickness on the passive control. The numerical results reveal the ability of porous media to both regularize the flow and to reduce the drag forces up to 30%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Origins of Pictorial Competence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pictorial competence, which refers to the many factors involved in perceiving, interpreting, understanding, and using pictures, develops gradually over the first few years of life. Although experience is not required for accurate perception of pictures, it is necessary for understanding the nature of pictures. Infants initially respond to depicted objects as if they were real objects, and toddlers are remarkably insensitive to picture orientation. Only gradually do young children figure out the nature of pictures and how they are used.
Electrolyte Disorders Following Massive Insulin Overdose in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case of a 47-year-old man with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who attempted suicide with 2,100 U of insulin injected subcutaneously. Administration of dextrose intravenously was required to maintain the blood glucose concentration normally for 5 days. Moreover, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia were also seen for 24 hours after insulin injection. The serum phosphorus and magnesium concentrations decreased to nadirs of 1.6 mg/dl and 1.6 mg/dl respectively 7 hours after insulin injection. Electrolyte disorders other than hypokalemia may be induced in hypoglycemic patients by massive insulin overdose.
La déviance dans l’œuvre de Charles Fourier : un symptôme de la société civilisée

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article shows that Charles Fourier considers the world around him with the eyes of a physician and that he criticises the way society produces its own deviants which he sees as so many signs of malfunctioning. Resorting to patterns inspired from Vitalist medecine, Fourier demonstrates that society exerts an oppressive control over individuals and generates imbalance and suffering at every possible level. The novelty of these views lies in the way Fourier transposes a « pathological » analysis of the economic sphere to the political and private spheres.
Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.
Short-term trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of arterial hypertension in Peru

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The prevalence of hypertension has been declining in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, we have not identified studies that evaluate trends for awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in LMIC. We aimed to describe the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Peru. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data (4 years) of the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (ENDES, Spanish acronym), which is conducted annually and is representative at the country level. The age-standardized prevalence was estimated using the World Health Organization population as the reference population. The trend over time was evaluated with the score test for trend of odds. A total of 109,401 participants were included. In Peru, from 2015 to 2018, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension increased ( p < 0.001), while the proportion of people with disease awareness ( p < 0.001) and controlled hypertension decreased ( p = 0.01). During that same period, the proportion of people with treatment for hypertension did not vary over time ( p = 0.13). In 2018, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 20.6%, and the proportion of people with disease awareness, treatment, and control of arterial hypertension was 43.5%, 20.6%, 5.3%, respectively. People with low socioeconomic status and people living in rural areas have the lowest proportion of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension.
Development of 111In-labeled porphyrins for SPECT imaging

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of this research was the development of 111In-labeled porphyrins as possible radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging of tumors. Methods: Ligands, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) porphyrin) (TDHPP), 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (THPP) and 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) porphyrin) (TDMPP) were labeled with 111InCl3 (produced from proton bombardment of natCd target) in 60 min at 80ºC. Quality control of labeled compounds was performed via RTLC and HPLC followed by stability studies in final formulation and presence of human serum at 37ºC for 48 h as well as partition coefficient determination. The biodistribution studies performed using tissue dissection and SPECT imaging up to 24h. Results: The complexes were prepared with >99% radiochemical purity (HPLC and RTLC), high stability in 48h. Partition coefficients (calculated as log P) for 111In-TDHPP, 111In-THPP and 111In-TDMPP were 0.88, 0.8 and 1.63 respectively. Conclusion: Due to urinary excretion with fast clearance for 111In-TDMPP, this complex is probably a suitable candidate for considering as a possible tumor imaging agent.
Deposition Analysis Based on Electric-Log Character of Cypress Sandstone (Chesterian) in Illinois: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Four major deposystems were mapped in the Cypress Sandstone using SP (spontaneous potential) and resistivity log character in a statewide cross-section grid. Illinois was a shallow, gently sloping embayment subject to periodic influx of sediment and changes in sea level during Late Mississippian (Chesterian) time. Cypress log character varies predictably from the eastern margin of Illinois to the western erosional limit. Deposystem interpretations based on log character have identified (1) a deltaic zone characterized by thin sandstones interbedded with shale and siltstone in easternmost central Illinois, (2) an offshore marine zone characterized by sand bodies 50-150 ft thick, displaying blocky SP in a 20-mi wide band in east-central Illinois, (3) an offshore marine zone characterized by sandstone bodies 15-40 ft thick in central Illinois, and (4) an offshore marine zone characterized by predominantly shale log character in west-central Illinois. Presence of the shale coincident with the DuQuoin monocline suggests that Cypress deposition was influenced by structural expression of the monocline.
Development of Student Worksheets on Biology Topics Based on Critical Thinking Skills

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop student worksheets based on critical thinking skills for seventh-grade students in junior high school. Development is carried out by means of Education Design Research (EDR). This article describes the results of the validity and practicality of worksheets based on critical thinking skills. The data collection technique used is a test questionnaire. The instruments used in this study were students' validity and practicality questionnaires. Data analysis techniques include analysis of data validity, data, and practicality (practical content, expectations, and actual). The worksheets validation sheet based on critical thinking skills was given to 5 validators consisting of 3 education experts and 2 science teachers in public junior high school 12 Banjarmasin. Three students filled out the questionnaire on the practicality of the contents of the worksheets through the one to one evaluation test, nine students filled out the practicality of the expectations of the worksheets through the small group evaluation test, and thirty-two students of the developed worksheets filled out the actual practicality of the worksheets. The results of the analysis of the validity of the questionnaire concluded that the validity of the worksheets was 3.60 valid categories. The results of the practicality of the contents are 3.84 in the practical category, the practicality of hope is 95.90 in the practical category, and the actual practicality is 96.06 in the practical category. This means that the worksheets based on critical thinking skills are valid and practical in the learning process to practice critical thinking skills
Plasma Treatment to Remove Titanium Surface Contaminants and Improve Implant Biocompatibility: An In Vitro Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasma technology is an emerging method for implant surface decontamination and modification. This in vitro study evaluates the effects of plasma treatment on fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on titanium surfaces. Plasma was applied to machined and rough titanium discs, followed by surface characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrophilicity testing. SEM imaging, cell viability assays, and immunohistologic staining were used to assess cell behaviour in response to treatment, while RNA sequencing evaluated gene expression related to differentiation. Although no significant architecture changes were observed with plasma treatment, XPS revealed a significant reduction in carbon content (p < 0.001), indicating decreased hydrocarbon contamination. Plasma treatment significantly increased surface hydrophilicity in both machined and rough surfaces (p < 0.0001). SEM and IHC imaging showed greater early-stage cell attachment for both fibroblasts and osteoblasts, though differences diminished after 12 h. RNA sequencing revealed time-dependent gene expression in both cell types, with Apln and Crabp2 significantly upregulated at 6 h in the plasma-treated fibroblast group. In conclusion, plasma treatment reduces hydrocarbon buildup, enhances hydrophilicity, promotes early cell attachment, and upregulates genes linked to angiogenesis and proliferation. Further studies are needed to determine its clinical significance in managing peri-implant disease.
Uncertainty management in Real Estate Development: Studying the potential of the SCRUM design methodology

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Real estate development is all about assessing and controlling risks and uncertainties. Risk management implies making decisions based on quantified risks to execute risk-response measures. Uncertainties, on the other hand, cannot be quantified and are therefore unpredictable. In literature, much attention is paid to risk management. The management of uncertainties is underexposed. Uncertainties appear in the programming and designing phases of projects. The main goal of our research is to develop guidelines for real estate developers to manage uncertainties in those phases. We believe that new process approaches, e.g. the Agile Design Methodology SCRUM, are promising tools to achieve this goal. SCRUM is an incremental, iterative design methodology which is characterized by 30-day, isolated sprints where chaos is let in, alternated with controlled evaluation moments in-between the sprints. It replaces the traditional program-, design- and realization-phases. The SCRUM methodology originates in the development of consumer-based software products. Our research is aimed at determining the possibilities and limitations of the application of
ENHANCED TRANSFER FROM SUSPENSION TO POROUS BOUNDARIES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The flow of suspensions parallel to porous surfaces is typical to engineering and biological systems. In some cases the flow is associated with transfer of mass. This paper considers the effect of the presence of rigid particles near the porous boundary. The kinematic response of the particles to the viscous stresses imposed by the flowing fluid results in streamlines which penetrate the permeable boundary, thus providing a convective enhancement of the rate of transfer. This mechanism is totally absent with boundaries impermeable to flow. The general equations are developed and the important dimensionless parameters are defined. A particular example concerning linear shear flow past a catalytic boundary is evaluated.
Comparing In-Person and Online Modalities for Photo Elicitation Interviews Among a Vulnerable Population: Recruitment, Retention, and Data Collection Applications

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the current study was to use Orsmond and Cohn’s feasibility framework to compare two methods of collecting photo elicitation interviews: (1) in-person and (2) online among low-income community college students. We described the feasibility of the recruitment and retention procedures and compared the participants’ characteristics and the type of data obtained by data collection modality. Focus group participants ( n = 34) were invited to participate in photo elicitation interviews regarding barriers to food access and associated material hardships. Prior to the pandemic, photo elicitation interviews were conducted in-person. Due to pandemic-related stay-at-home policies, photo elicitation interviews shifted to a video conferencing platform. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to compare the two data collection methods in terms of sample characteristics, the average length of each interview, and the number and type of photos submitted. Of 34 recruited participants, 28 participated in photo elicitation interviews (82.4% response rate; n = 13 in-person; n = 15 online) with a mean age of 39.75 years (range: 19–62). No significant differences were found in socio-demographic characteristics between interview modality groups. In both online and in-person photo elicitation groups, participants were more likely to be female, non-Hispanic Black, single, and unemployed. Overall, both modalities were found to be feasible to recruit and retain participants and collect data from low-income, community college students. We found similar data in terms of photographs, and similar codes and themes were generated from the interview data across both modalities. Using both modalities provided an opportunity to promote equity in research through inclusion of hard-to-reach populations who may experience barriers to participation such as transportation or childcare. This study can inform recruitment and retention efforts for quantitative and qualitative research, and data collection efforts for photo elicitation interviews. The lessons learned are critical to generating rich data and advancing research conducted among vulnerable populations.
Narrow-band near-field nanoscopy in the spectral range from 1.3 to 8.5 THz

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nano-spectroscopy in the terahertz frequency range remains challenging despite recent technological progress in developing both THz emitter sources and near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Here, we combine scattering-type SNOM with a free-electron laser light source, to tune into the 1.3–8.5 THz range. A significant portion of this range, namely, the frequencies above ∼3 THz, is not covered by previously reported near-field microscopy systems. However, it constitutes an indispensable regime where many elementary processes in solids including collective lattice excitations, charge, and spin transport occur. Our approach of nano-spectroscopy and nano-imaging provides a versatile analysis of nanostructures as small as 50 nm, hence beating the optical diffraction limit by λ/4600.
NONTARGET MORTALITY OF NEW ZEALAND LESSER SHORT-TAILED BATS (MYSTACINA TUBERCULATA) CAUSED BY DIPHACINONE

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Primary and secondary poisoning of nontarget wildlife with second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides has led to restrictions on their use and to increased use of firstgeneration anticoagulants, including diphacinone. Although first-generation anticoagulants are less potent and less persistent than second-generation compounds, their use is not without risks to nontarget species. We report the first known mortalities of threatened New Zealand lesser shorttailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) caused by diphacinone intoxication. The mortalities occurred during a rodent control operation in Pureora Forest Park, New Zealand, during the 2008–2009 Austral summer. We observed 115 lesser short-tailed bat deaths between 9 January and 6 February 2009, and it is likely that many deaths were undetected. At necropsy, adult bats showed gross and histologic hemorrhages consistent with coagulopathy, and diphacinone residues were confirmed in 10 of 12 liver samples tested. The cause of mortality of pups was diagnosed as a combination of the effects of diphacinone toxicity, exposure, and starvation. Diphacinone was also detected in two of 11 milk samples extracted from the stomachs of dead pups. Eight adults and 20 pups were moribund when found. Two adults and five pups survived to admission to a veterinary hospital. Three pups responded to treatment and were released at the roost site on 17 March, 2009. The route of diphacinone ingestion by adult bats is uncertain. Direct consumption of toxic bait or consumption of poisoned arthropod prey could have occurred. We suggest that the omnivorous diet and terrestrial feeding habits of lesser short-tailed bats make them susceptible to poisoning with the bait matrix and the method of bait delivery used. We recommend the use of alternative vertebrate pesticides, bait matrices, and delivery methods in bat habitat.
Water escape structures in the context of a depositional model of a mass flow dominated conglomeratic fan‐delta (Abrioja Formation, Pliocene, Almeria Basin, SE Spain)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pebbly sediments of the shallow marine Abrioja fan‐delta show pockets (bowl‐shaped structures, partly filled with pebbles) and pillars (elongate structures, filled with sand and pebbles). These structures are most abundant in pebbly sediments deposited on a steep slope ( ca. 25°‐10°) and are absent in conglomerates deposited on a slope of ca . 6° and less, although they are present in the pelitic top of these beds. The pocket and pillar structures are interpreted as fluid escape structures originating from local liquefaction and fluidization, processes which are favoured by rapid deposition, rapid sediment accumulation, the presence of less permeable layers and an immature sediment texture. These conditions are met in conglomeratic fan‐deltas, which have steep slopes with immature sediments. It is concluded that the presence of fluid escape structures in conglomeratic sediments may indicate a steep depositional slope.
The Jordanian Inservice Teacher Training Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Developing countries around the world are faced with acute teacher shortages. As a result many are forced to employ unqualified teachers. This paper describes an attempt in Jordan to provide professional training to unqualified English Teachers while they continue to serve as classroom teachers. The results of this attempt have been so favorable that a question has now been raised as to the comparative merits of traditional preservice versus inservice training.
Heat transfer simulation of rarefied laminar flow past a circular cylinder

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations are performed to study the heat transfer in laminar, rarefied flows past a circular cylinder. Results are obtained for flows with Knudsen numbers of 0.02 and 0.2; Mach numbers of 0.102 and 0.4, and also several cylinder temperatures are considered. Calculations show that these flows are attached except for the one with a Knudsen number of 0.02 and a Mach number of 0.4 in which separation occurs in the wake of the cylinder. Results are little affected by the changes in the outflow boundary conditions but show sensitivity to the domain size due to the subsonic nature of the flows. Mach number of 0.4 results show that when the cylinder temperature is higher than the free stream temperature by less than 10°C, a net heat transfer occurs from the air stream into the cylinder which indicates that the classical convection heat transfer equation needs to be modified under rarefied conditions. The findings are in agreement with the limited data available in the literature.