jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE SUITABILITY OF SCHOOL SURROUNDINGS FOR CHILDREN'S MOBILITY USING A PARTICIPATORY MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH: THE CASE OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN GUELMA, ALGERIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The surroundings of the school are sensitive spaces that play an integral role in the sustainability of children's mobility on their journeys to school. Indeed, this vulnerable category is in daily interaction with an urban environment that must be friendly and suitable. This work is based on the synthetic criteria and indicators of UNICEF and Its agencies, which are appropriate for the children’s needs. The study presented here will evaluate the suitability of the school surroundings for children's mobility through a participatory multi-criteria analysis that focuses on the child as an inseparable actor in the analysis process. The case study for this field of investigation is a primary school located in the centre of Guelma, a city in the Northeast of Algeria. A survey questionnaire was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data on their experience of mobility, from a sample of 169 pupils (5 to 12 years old). The synthetic criteria were weighted by frequency analysis using SPSS according to the surveyed population. The data shows that 23 % of the participants ranked the stability of the social structure criterion in the first position. The suitability of multi-criteria approach will be tested by applying it to the synthetic criteria ranked first. The results show that the majority of social indices with a direct influence on children's mobility have negative performance values, synonymous with non-suitability. Other indicators have low values of positive performance, synonymous with an average suitability level, which still needs to be improved. Overall, this participatory multi-criteria analysis shows that the school environments studied do not satisfactorily meet the safety and well-being requirements that are essential for sustainable school mobility adapted to children's needs.
Simulated manual spacecraft control under the influence of different gravity conditions during a parabolic flight

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Microgravity can affect cognitive performance, spatial orientation, and the precision of previously trained motor responses which are based on force vectors and vestibular signals in normal gravity. It is still controversial, whether reported performance decrements are due to microgravity or unspecific stress factors associated with space flight. Experimental evidence on the influence of microgravity on complex operational tasks comprising motor and cognitive demands is especially scarce. Therefore, we investigated the influence of varying gravity levels during parabolic flights on performance in the manual control of a spacecraft, a safety-relevant operational task. METHODS: During parabolic flights, 27 trained participants (8 women and 19 men, 18-61 years old, 9 previously exposed to a parabolic flight) performed 15 manual control tasks of varying difficulty based on the docking simulation 6df. Within this simulation, a spacecraft had to be aligned continuously with a rotating space station in fixed distance by controlling six degrees of freedom with manual levers. Each task encompassed 80 seconds centered around either the incoming or outgoing hypergravity segment of a parabola and thus included to equal parts a 0g, 1g, and 1.8g phase. We compared manual control accuracy between phases of microgravity, hypergravity, and normogravity during the parabolic flight by using a linear mixed effects model. Additionally, we assessed the effects of task difficulty and previous experience with parabolic flights on performance. RESULTS: Manual control performance was significantly impaired during microgravity phases, whereas performance did not differ between normal gravity and hypergravity. Performance differed according to task difficulty, but there was no interaction of gravity phase and difficulty. Prior experience with parabolic flights did not affect manual control performance. DISCUSSION: The decrease of manual control performance in microgravity, but not during hypergravity, suggests a higher relevance of impaired spatial orientation due to confounding vestibular signals compared to the mere change in force vectors. Even during easy tasks, participants were not able to compensate for the effects of microgravity. The results were independent of prior parabolic flight experience, indicating that novelty or increased stress are unlikely sources of impairment.
FROM BIOPHYSICS TO MODELS OF NETWORK FUNCTION

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Neurons and synapses display a rich range of time-dependent processes. Which of these are critical to understanding specific integrative functions in the brain? Computational methods of various kinds are used to understand how systems of neurons interact to produce behavior. However, these models often assume that neuronal dynamics and synaptic strengths are fixed. This review presents some recent models that illustrate that short-term synaptic plasticity mechanisms such as facilitation and depression can have important implications for network function. Other features of synaptic transmission such as multi-component synaptic potentials, cotransmission, and neuromodulation with obvious potential computational implications are presented. These examples illustrate that synaptic strength and intrinsic properties in networks are continuously varying on numerous time scales as a function of the temporal patterns of activity in the network. Thus, both firing frequency of the neurons in a circuit, and the modulatory environment determine the intrinsic and synaptic properties that produce behavior.
Landscape-Based Protein Stability Analysis and Network Modeling of Multiple Conformational States of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G Mutant: Conformational Plasticity and Frustration-Induced Allostery as Energetic Drivers of Highly Transmissible Spike Variants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The structural and functional studies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants revealed an important role of the D614G mutation that is shared across many variants of concern (VOCs), suggesting the effect of this mutation on the enhanced virus infectivity and transmissibility. The recent structural and biophysical studies provided important evidence about multiple conformational substates of the D614G spike protein. The development of a plausible mechanistic model that can explain the experimental observations from a more unified thermodynamic perspective is an important objective of the current work. In this study, we employed efficient and accurate coarse-grained simulations of multiple structural substates of the D614G spike trimers together with the ensemble-based mutational frustration analysis to characterize the dynamics signatures of the conformational landscapes. By combining the local frustration profiling of the conformational states with residue-based mutational scanning of protein stability and network analysis of allosteric interactions and communications, we determine the patterns of mutational sensitivity in the functional regions and sites of variants. We found that the D614G mutation may induce a considerable conformational adaptability of the open states in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein without compromising the folding stability and integrity of the spike protein. The results suggest that the D614G mutant may employ a hinge-shift mechanism in which the dynamic couplings between the site of mutation and the interprotomer hinge modulate the interdomain interactions, global mobility change, and the increased stability of the open form. This study proposes that mutation-induced modulation of the conformational flexibility and energetic frustration at the interprotomer interfaces may serve as an efficient mechanism for allosteric regulation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
Knockdown von PDCD10 führt in Glioblastom- und Endothelzellen zu Tumorwachstum über die Aktivierung der EphB4-Kinase in vitro und in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) plays crucial roles in multiple cellular processes. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that loss of endothelial PDCD10 stimulated endothelial angiogenesis and activated glioblastoma (GBM) cells and promoted GBM tumor growth. The aims of present study are to further explore that the role of tumoral PDCD10 in tumor cells (TCs) and to check whether EphB4 is involved in these effects; and to test the possible influence of tumoral PDCD10 on endothelial cells (ECs). To this end, the phenotype of TCs lines and the EphB4 expression/activity were investigated in PDCD10 knockdown (shPDCD10) TCs. The endothelia angiogenesis was studied in HUVECs after treatment with the conditioned media (CM) from shPDCD10-TCs. In present study, we demonstrated that knockdown of PDCD10 in TCs resulted in the activation of shPDCD10-TCs via significant upregulation of EphB4 expression and a remarkable increase in the EphB4 kinase activity. Treatment of shPDCD10-TCs with NVP inhibited the activation of EphB4 kinase, suppressed the aggressive behavior of shPDCD10 TCs in vitro, and hindered tumor growth in PDCD10 knockdown tumor. These findings indicated that the upregulation/activation of EphB4 is involved in the tumor-promoting effect resulted from PDCD10 knockdown. In addition, treatment of HUVECs with CM from shPDCD10-TCs promoted the angiogenesis in vitro. The protein array revealed that the level of 8 of 55 angiogenic factors was significantly upregulated in the CM from the shPDCD10-TCs, which may play crucial roles in stimulation of endothelial angiogenesis. In conclusion, knockdown of PDCD10 activated TCs and promoted tumor growth via significant upregulation of EphB4 expression. Knockdown of tumoral PDCD10 can trigger HUVECs through the increase in release of proangiogenic factors. Therefore, targeting PDCD10 together with its downstream effector EphB4 might be an effective strategy for personalized therapy in GBM patients with PDCD10-deficiency.
The Anomalous Relationship of the Inferior Vena Cava and Abdominal Aorta as a Specific Angiocardiographic Sign in Asplenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The visceral anomaly known as agenesis of the spleen (herein referred to as asplenia) has been adequately described (2). The condition is almost universally associated with multiple and complex anomalies of the heart. These generally include common atrium, common atrioventricular valve, common ventricle, transposed great vessels, severe pulmonary stenosis or atresia, and anomalies of the pulmonary veins. The complex nature of the intracardiac malformations usually precludes correction by surgical technics. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize the syndrome of asplenia in order to exclude other forms of cyanotic heart disease which are amenable to surgical repair. Upon review of the forward angiocardiograms in these cases, it became apparent that the relationship between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta was anomalous. Because of this preliminary observation, we were motivated to review the angiocardiograms in several other cases to determine whether or not this anomalous relationship was diagnostic of asplenia. To the best of our knowledge, this sign is unreported. Material Forward venous angiograms (from the saphenous vein) were reviewed in 14 cases of asplenia. Ten of the 14 were proved by necropsy, the pathologic aspects appearing in an earlier communication from this institution (2). The remaining 4 cases were documented clinically on the basis of (a) cyanosis, (b) roentgen evidence of hepatic symmetry, (c) Howell-Jolly bodies and Heinz bodies in the erythrocytes as well as numerous erythroblasts, and (d) angiocardiographic evidence of complex cardiac and pulmonary venous anomalies. The thoracic and abdominal components of the aorta showed simultaneous opacification with the inferior vena cava in each of the 14 cases. This phenomenon occurs because of (a) transposition of the great vessels and (b) defects or absence of the atrial and ventricular septa. Results In the 14 cases, forward venous angiocardiography demonstrated the inferior vena cava ascending on the right side of the spine in 10 cases and on the left side in the remaining 4. An anomalous relationship between the upper abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) was observed in each case. The aorta, immediately upon leaving the thorax, failed to follow its usual course in the abdomen and descended in the same position as the IVC, regardless of the side occupied by the IVC. The anomalous relationship of the IVC and abdominal aorta was divided into two major types. In Type I (11 cases), the thoracic aorta (regardless of the side of the IVC) descended on the opposite side of the thorax from the IVC (Figs. 1 and 2). The aorta, upon entering the abdomen, angled across the spine toward the IVC, whereupon it descended in the abdomen immediately adjacent to it (Figs. 1 and 2).
Media Discourse and the Public Sphere

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This piece of research belongs to a tradition in media and cultural studies which treats television as text. The goal is to understand how our experience of the media and particularly of television is produced in meaning. Making sense of media texts primarily involves treating television talk and images as practices of representation, situated in specific political and cultural contexts. Earlier interpretative projects involved a preoccupation with the gap between the real world and the meanings disseminated through the media as well as with the ideological effects that media have on contemporary culture. More recently, post-structuralist theories of meaning have shifted the emphasis away from 'hidden' meanings towards the articulations of meaning and power in television texts, which themselves produce specific 'reality effects' — rather than reflecting or distorting a reality 'out there'.1
Autonomous Ride-Sharing Services in the United States: A Scoping Review of Policies, Implementation, Performance and Market Penetration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Autonomous ride-sharing services (ARSS) offer promise in enhancing transportation, improving access for underserved populations, and addressing road safety by mitigating human error. However, their development and adoption are influenced by complex interplay of policies, implementation strategies, technological performance, and market penetration. This scoping review examined the evolving ARSS landscape in the US through literature published between 2018 and 2023. The review included 22 studies, capturing some national policies while no federal regulations related to ARSS were identified. The review predominantly covered market penetration, with few studies addressing performance and one study on implementation strategies. Findings were framed using the socio-ecological model. At the individual level, factors such as safety, affordability, and accessibility influence market penetration of ARSS. At the relational level, trust-building interactions, including the role of safety operators, emerged as key to addressing mobility concerns. At the community level, the findings indicate the need for technological improvements, public infrastructure investment, and education initiatives to enhance ARSS performance and implementation. At the societal level, the review did not include all existing policies in the US, requiring further investigation. These findings provide insights for researchers, transportation planners, and policymakers, guiding the development of evidence-based strategies to foster a sustainable transportation future.
Stability of Systems with Multiple Motion-Dependent Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

elastic Optimization Problem, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Vol. 10, Nov. 1972, pp. 321-330. 10 Shore, C P., Effects of Structural Damping on Flutter of Stressed Panels, TN D-4990, Jan. 1969, NASA. 11 Shore, C. P., Experimental Investigation of Flutter at Mach 3 of Rotationally Restrained Panels and Comparison with Theory, TN D-5508, Oct. 1969, NASA. Bisplinghoff, R. L. and Ashley, H., Principles of Aero elasticity, Wiley, New York, 1962, p. 422.
A Retrospective Phenomenological Study on the Language Challenges Faced by Turkish Graduate Students at U.S. Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Turkey has always been among the top European countries that have sent the highest number of students to the U.S. This study aims to investigate the language incompetency and language-related challenges faced by Turkish graduate students studying at US universities with scholarship status. For this purpose, the phenomenological research method was used, and 13 participants were selected for the sample. After the interviews, the findings were coded, classified as themes, and evaluated. The study findings show that the students have speaking and listening problems, have difficulty understanding different accents, and have problems understanding concepts related to their studies' field in their departments. Learning English through exam-oriented strategy, unrealistic expectations of the students about learning English in the U.S., and the lack of social environment where the students can be exposed to English in Turkey have been identified as the main themes leading the students to experience language incompetency in their departments. The findings also show that it is not sufficient to overcome the language deficiency of the students due to the time restriction of language education abroad. Also, the pedagogy of the U.S. educational system and cultural barriers have emerged as other areas of challenge that intersect with language inadequacy. The students selected through competitive exams throughout Turkey are expected to have high self-confidence. However, it has been determined that the students experience a loss of self-confidence, especially in their first two semesters, due to language inadequacy and pedagogical and cultural differences. The findings of this study provide information to English education centers, Turkish Scholarship Program, students, counselors, and advisors in Turkey and the US.
Corrosion Resistance Performance of Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coated Rebars

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Corrosion resistance properties of fusion bonded epoxy coated rebars (FBECR) directly exposed as well as under embedded condition in concrete mortars in simulated
concrete pore solution (SPS) and 3.5%NaCl have been studied. Electrochemical techniques (Direct current and A.C. impedance spectroscopy) have been employed to assess the performance of the coatings. The results show that
the FBECR is extremely stable in contact of aqueous solutions having no trace of chloride ions. In the pre-sence of chloride ions, however, deterioration of the coating has been noted. EIS studies have been used to
determine as water absorbability, loss of electrical insulation properties and change in resistances and capac-itance of the coated interface with the passage of time.
Adjustment of faecal worm egg count for faecal moisture content will not affect rate of genetic gain when selecting for worm resistance in Merino sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Faecal worm egg count (WEC) of Merino sheep at weaning and hogget age were analysed to determine to what extent re-ranking would occur when WEC is adjusted to a standard dry matter basis. The phenotypic correlation between WEC and dry matter adjusted WEC was 0.69 or higher in weaners and hogget animals. This indicates that some re-ranking will occur but as the genetic correlation between WEC and dry matter adjusted WEC was very high (>0.92) this indicates that these traits are genetically the same traits and that adjusting WEC for faecal moisture content would not increase genetic progress in selecting for worm resistance.
“Heroic victims”: Discursive constructions of early childhood teacher professional identities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significant changes to qualification requirements for staff working in early childhood contexts are occurring globally. A key reform in Australia is a call for teachers in prior to school early childhood contexts to be university-qualified. The “universal access” strategy (Department of Education, Employment of Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 2009a, 2009b; Rudd &amp; Macklin, 2007b) requires four-year qualified early childhood teachers who are prepared to work in child care contexts. Yet studies in identify that cohorts of preservice teachers resist child care as a career option (see Ailwood &amp; Boyd, 2006; Gibson, 2013a; Vadja, 2005a, 2005b). It is this point of tension that has prompted further inquiry into child care and work in child care, and forms the basis for this paper.
Admission for COPD Exacerbation Is Associated with the Clinical Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension: Results from a Retrospective Longitudinal Study of a Veteran Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH-COPD) have an increased risk of hospitalizations and death compared to COPD alone. Identifying PH in COPD is challenging because performing right heart catheterization, the gold standard for PH diagnosis, is invasive and not routinely performed. Clinical characterization of COPD patients at risk who are progressing toward PH will aid therapeutic development at earlier stages of progressively fatal PH-COPD. We studied the records of 5,45,086 patients in a large Veterans Affairs healthcare network (2000-2012) with a primary discharge diagnosis of COPD based on encounters' ICD-9 codes and further stratified into those who received an additional ICD-9 code for a PH diagnosis. Patients with PH-COPD were assigned to one of the four subgroups: those with (a) no history of exacerbation or hospital admissions, (b) history of exacerbations but no hospital admissions, (c) hospital admissions unrelated to COPD and (d) history of COPD exacerbation-related hospital admissions. We also examined the COPD and COPD-PH cohorts for associated comorbidities such as cardiac disease and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A regression analysis revealed that patients with COPD exacerbation-related hospital admissions had 7 × higher risk of having a concomitant clinical diagnosis of PH compared to non-hospitalized patients. COPD-PH patients had higher rates of cardiac comorbidities (89% vs. 66%) and OSA (34% vs. 16%) compared to COPD alone. We conclude that COPD patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbations are at a higher risk for developing PH, and hospitalized COPD patients with cardiac comorbidities and/or OSA should be screened as at-risk population for developing PH.
Effects of Exudation on Ion Relationships of Excised Roots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In excised tomato roots submerged in solution, mannitol at –2.8 atm increased the phosphorus uptake and decreased the loss of previously absorbed phosphorus. Separate collection of the xylem exudate demonstrated that these mannitol effects were due entirely to a reduced phosphorus flow via exudation. For example, in the case of previously absorbed phosphorus, the high loss of phosphorus at –0.3 atm could be contributed to phosphorus transport via the exudation stream, which was higher at –0.3 than at –2.8 atm. In contrast, loss from the root surface to the external medium was identical for the two different water potentials. The neglect in measuring ion flow in the exudate might have confounded ion transport studies by other workers. Some particular cases were re‐examined, such as chloride uptake at high external concentrations and ion toss from different cell compartments.