jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Mechanism of Arsenic Trioxide Inhibits the Proliferation of Bladder Cancer T24 Cells by Inhibiting Glutathione Peroxidase 4

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies globally, with high recurrence rates and limited therapeutic efficacy in advanced stages. Current treatments, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, often face challenges such as drug resistance and severe side effects. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic agents with improved efficacy and safety profiles is critical. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a compound with established anti-cancer properties in other malignancies, has shown potential in modulating oxidative stress pathways, but its effects on bladder cancer remain underexplored. &lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of ATO on the proliferation of bladder cancer T24 cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly focusing on the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-mediated oxidative stress response. &lt;i&gt;Main Ideas:&lt;/i&gt; The anti-proliferative effects of ATO were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, revealing a significant dose-dependent inhibition of T24 cell viability after 48 hours of treatment, with an IC50 value of 0.289 mg/L. Western Blot analysis demonstrated that ATO markedly reduced GPX4 expression, a key regulator of ferroptosis and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that ATO suppresses bladder cancer cell growth by disrupting redox homeostasis, potentially through GPX4 downregulation. The study provides mechanistic evidence linking ATO’s anti-cancer effects to oxidative stress modulation in bladder cancer cells. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Our results highlight ATO as a promising therapeutic candidate for bladder cancer, acting via GPX4-mediated oxidative stress pathways. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on redox-targeted therapies and warrant further investigation into ATO’s clinical applicability, either as a monotherapy or in combination with existing treatments. Future studies should validate these results in vivo and explore synergistic strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This work underscores the potential of ATO in developing novel, targeted approaches for bladder cancer management.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Halichondrins: A Practical Synthesis of the C1‐ C13 Segment.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cultural and Linguistic Considerations: The Case of Persian

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the Persian language of Iran while embedding it in the larger context of Persian culture and Iranian-Americans. It will provide the practicing speech-language pathologist's (SLPs) basic information about the linguistic structure of Persian, as spoken by Iranian-Americans to facilitate the provision of a culturally and linguistically appropriate evaluation of Persian heritage language speakers living in the United States. According to the language use data collected by the United States Census Bureau of the 67 Indo-European languages spoken in U.S. homes, Persian ranked 9th above Greek, Urdu, and Gujarathi (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.). This is a surprising fact given the dearth of published research on Heritage speakers of Persian learning English and living in the United States. This phenomenon may partly be a consequence of the fact that the majority of Iranians value education and literacy and report high proficiency in English. Nevertheless, the potential risk that Iranian-Americans may be over- or under- identified may be greater than for other minority groups in the US due to the lack of information readily available to clinicians.
Effects of Current, Frequency and Duty Cycle of Pulsed Electric Signals of the Inhibition and/or Destruction of E. coli O157:H7 on Goat Meat Surfaces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pulsed dc square wave electric signal was applied to goat meat samples, inoculatedwith Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface, covered with a thin film of 0.15M sodiumchloride solution. The results indicated that, all the three intensities of current effectivelydestroyed Escherichia coli cells at treatment duration of 32 min. Eight log10 reductions ofEscherichia coli cells were achieved. A decrease in treatment duration decreased log10 reductionof Escherichia coli. Frequencies of 1kHz or more and duty cycles of 50% or more acceleratedthe inactivation of Escherichia coli cells at 20mA/cm2 current.
SH1151598.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
A Dual Cross-Linked Strategy to Construct Moldable Hydrogels with High Stretchability, Good Self-Recovery, and Self-Healing Capability

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Most conventional synthetic hydrogels suffer from poor mechanical properties; despite recent significant progress in fabricating tough hydrogels, it is still a challenge to simultaneously realize high stretchability, self-recovery, and self-healing capability in a hydrogel. In this work, a new type of starch/PVA/borax hybrid dual cross-linked (DC) hydrogel was synthesized by a one-pot method. The as-prepared DC hydrogels exhibited mechanical properties of remarkable extensibility (ca. 2485%), excellent toughness (ca. 290.5 kJ m-3), high compression strength (ca. 547.8 kPa), rapid recoverability (81.9% energy recovery after 30 min), and free-shapeable behavior. More impressively, the DC gels sustained approximately 300 times their own weight and exhibited an outstanding self-healing capability at room temperature both in air and underwater. Furthermore, the adsorption amount of methylene blue onto the anionic DC gel (144.68 mg/g) was much higher than that of corn starch gel. Consequently, the eco-friendly, stable, and biodegradable hydrogels will have a great potential application in removing anionic dyes from the wastewater produced by agriculture and industry.
Electrospun Antimicrobial, Anti‐Inflammatory and Analgesic Bandages for Comprehensive Wound Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually with an associated cost of $10 – 20 billion. These wounds provide perfect environments for bacterial growth, and are prone to infections, especially from multi‐drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The current silver‐based bandages used to treat wounds exhibit a high toxicity toward fibroblasts, and lack anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity. Our work focuses on the development of bandages to address these unmet clinical needs. We have fabricated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, capable of aiding in the wound healing process, and with incorporation of Ag + IBU, a novel therapeutic. These scaffolds deliver the drug locally at a controlled rate to impede bacterial infections. We have further functionalized PCL scaffolds with addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to accelerate drug release. Scanning electron microscopy images have revealed that our drug loaded scaffolds have a smooth fiber morphology and fiber diameter that is ~1 μm. Scaffolds loaded with either 5% or 10% Ag + IBU (w/w) release 40% of the drug within the first 24 hours. Microbiological assays have revealed that Ag + IBU‐loaded scaffolds are bactericidal against bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm growth mode. Cytotoxicity assays have revealed that Ag + IBU‐loaded scaffolds exhibit toxicity toward human dermal fibroblasts at high concentrations. However, pre‐incubation with N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant metabolite, abrogates this toxicity and significantly increases cell viability. We have fabricated two‐layer scaffolds with one layer rapidly delivering NAC and the second layer slowly releasing Ag + IBU. Compared with the commercially available bandages with antimicrobial properties currently used for wounds, our non‐toxic, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic scaffolds offer a more comprehensive treatment option. Support or Funding Information This research is supported by NIH grant 5R21AI142327‐02
Paths to wine connoisseurship. Inter-relations of public norms and domestic appropriations within wine consumption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contribution : Wine consumption is becoming ever more culturalised and reflexive. I propose a micro-sociological approach to contemporary œnophile discursive practices, in Luxembourg, by concentrating on their inherent normativity (moral and aesthetic) and ordinary appropriation (ethical and hedonistic). The empirical context for this articulation are wine tasting lessons ‘for beginners’, which convey a specific type of normativity. The publics of this institution – mainly male and affluent – have both ‘operational’ and ‘hedonistic’ motivations. Appropriations of the œnophile normativity are reactive – either positively or negatively : interviewees adopt tactical usages of specific dispositions and of tactical courses of action, related to vertical differenciations (social trajectory and position), but mainly to horizontal ones (milieus, interactions and experiments carried out through various projects of subjectivation). These dispositions and tactics are linked to the domestic œnophile logics of action – which are active and strategic. Contrasting with the œnophile normativity (focusing on wine), ordinary discursive practices relate to preoccupations with one’s personal and social life, rather than to wine. Nonetheless, it is the aesthetic-based œnophile canonisation that contains essential prerequisites of subjectivation, even if it is appropriated in a hedonistic, socio- or egocentric way. This shows the consubstantial and flexible interweaving of norms and pleasure, leading to a personal and social empowerment (with a potential that is mainly ethical, but also distinctive), via one particular food item. Theoretical framework : Foucault (discursive practices, governmentality, ethics/morals), Carré (motivations), Bourdieu (dispositions, distinction), De Certeau (strategy/tactics) and Dubet (logics of action). Methodology : Grounded theory (Strauss/Glaser), in-depth interviews and participant observation.
LRC techniques for improved error detection throughout the process window

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Litho rule checking (LRC) is now an established component in the mask synthesis flow. Yet the requirements placed on LRC have grown as process complexity has increased. At 45nm and beyond, new techniques are required to thoroughly and efficiently evaluate a layout for potential lithographic problems. This paper examines new modeling and checking techniques which improve the detection of lithographic errors. For more thorough error detection across a wider range of process points, a process window technique provides checking of potential lithographic errors at nine different process points. To better detect potential pinches or bridges induced by deep sub-wavelength lithography, a technique which identifies problems regardless of orientation is used. These techniques provide more thorough checking, both better accuracy and improved runtime performance across the complete process window.
The ‘Broadbrow’ and the Big Screen: Wells's Film Writing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines Wells's film writing. It presents a reading of his novel The King Who Was a King, which contains many ingeniously ekphrastic strategies that emulate camera movement and editing, and which prefigure key themes, motifs, and techniques in his 1930s film-scripting. The chapter also discusses the films Things to Come and The Man Who Could Work Miracles.
A probabilistic airport capacity model for improved ground delay program planning

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Weather uncertainty is a major cause of unnecessary delays within the National Airspace System (NAS). In particular, the high uncertainty in terminal area weather forecasts combined with the uncertain correlation between weather and airport capacity makes the task of planning strategic traffic management initiatives such as ground delay programs (GDPs) very difficult. At the twelve airports in the NAS with the most GDPs issued during 2008 and 2009, weather-related GDPs were canceled an average of 95 minutes earlier than the initially scheduled GDP end time and, when GDP revisions were issued, nearly two hours earlier than the revised GDP end time. As part of NextGen, the FAA and NASA are researching methods for reducing the negative impact of weather on the NAS and exploring ways to improve collaborative air traffic management (CATM) processes through increased automation and improved decision support tools (DSTs). This paper introduces the Weather Translation Model for GDP Planning (WTMG), a statistical model for translating weather forecasts into probabilistic arrival capacity predictions over a strategic time horizon of up to twelve hours. The model is self-training and independent of forecast product. With a sufficiently large historical data set, the model is able to build probability distributions for the airport arrival rate (AAR) in future time intervals conditioned on weather forecasts and the current state of the airport. These distributions are sampled to build probabilistic capacity scenarios with the end goal of providing inputs for CATM DSTs for GDP planning. Two versions of WTMG are presented: static WTMG samples independently at time interval; dynamic WTMG draws sample capacity vectors that are dependent across time intervals. Each version of the model is demonstrated using each of two distinct forecast products: the Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) and the Localized Aviation Model Output Statistical Program (LAMP).
Improving Parental Involvement in Primary Education in Indonesia: Implementation, Effects and Costs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ina large-scale school improvement project in Indonesia the implementation, effects and costs of initiatives to increase parental involvement were compared with those of other interventions (teacher development, educational management and books and learning materials). It turned out that although parental involvement was not implemented very successfully in schools, this intervention is quite effective in improving student achievement. In comparison with the other interventions it is in fact the most efficient because costs are relatively low. Recommendations a-re given to implement parental involvement further, and to raise its effects without raising the costs.
Serum CA 19–9 level as a surrogate marker for prognosis in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

15514 Background: Assessing the efficacy of treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) via CT is inadequate; radiologic responses are uncommon. We hypothesized that serum CA 19–9 level may serve as an alternative surrogate marker for treatment efficacy in LAPC. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 143 patients with LAPC treated at MDACC. Baseline, final, nadir and change in CA 19–9 levels were correlated with overall survival (OS). Factors included in our model were treatment regimen, grade, age, race and sex. Analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier product-limit survival probability estimates and log-rank tests. For the final multivariate Cox regression related to OS, non-significant variables were eliminated using a step-down fashion. Results: The median age was 62.4 years; 50.3% were male. 98 pts were treated on investigational protocols while 45 received non-protocol therapy. Treatments included induction chemotherapy (n=96), concurrent chemoradiation (n=116), and maintenance chemotherapy after chemoradiation (n=29). OS was 13.2 months (95% CI= 11.2, 17.6). On univariate analysis, age (p=0.02) and elevated final CA 19–9 (p<0.0001) correlated with worsened OS while decreased CA 19–9 (p<0.0001) and delivery of second line chemotherapy (p=0.02) correlated with improved OS. On multivariate analysis, the use of second-line chemotherapy correlated with an improved OS (HR 0.61, CI 0.38–0.98, p=.04) while an elevated post-treatment CA 19–9 correlated with worsened OS (HR 1.12, CI 1.05–1.19, p=.0004). In a Kaplan-Meier analysis patients with CA 19–9 improvement (n=90), a 50% decline correlated with improved OS (p=0.01). A Cox hazard ratio (univariate) for this group was 0.46 (CI 0.25, 0.85 p=.01). Conclusion: LAPC patients with elevated CA 19–9 levels after treatment have a poor prognosis; therefore, these patients should be considered for second-line chemotherapy. CA 19–9 decline by 50% or more is associated with an improved outcome. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech™ BioOncology, Merck, sanofi-aventis
IMPROVED HUMAN TENOCYTE VIABILITY BY APPLYING PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT MECHANICAL LOADS IN A PERFUSION BIOREACTOR SYSTEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Introduction Supraspinatus tears comprise most rotator cuff injuries, the leading cause of shoulder pain and an increasing problem with ageing populations. Surgical repair of considerable or persistent damages is customary, although not invariably successful. Tissue engineering presents a promising alternative to generate functional tissue constructs with improved healing capacities. This study explores tendon tissue constructs’ culture in a platform providing physiological mechanical stimulation and reports on the effect of different loading regimes on the viability of human tendon cells. Method Porcine decellularized tendon scaffolds were fixed into flexible, self-contained bioreactor chambers, seeded with human tenocytes, allocated in triplicates to either static control, low (15±0.8Newtons [N]), medium (26±0.5N), or high (49±2.1N)-force-regime groups, connected to a perfusion system and cultured under standard conditions. A humanoid robotic arm provided 30-minute adduction/abduction stimulation to chambers daily over a week. A metabolic activity assay served to assess cell viability at four time points. Statistical significance = p<0.05. Result One day after beginning mechanical stimulation, chambers in the medium and high-force regimes displayed a rise in metabolic activity by 3% and 5%, respectively. By the last experimental day, all mechanical stimulation regimes had induced an augment in cell viability (15%, 57% and 39% with low, medium, and high loads, respectively) matched against the static controls. Compared to all other conditions, the medium-force regime prompted an increased relative change in metabolic activity for every time point set against day one (p<0.05). Conclusion Human tenocytes’ viability reflected by metabolic activity in a physiologically relevant bioreactor system is enhanced by loading forces around 25N when mechanically stimulating using adduction/abduction motions. Knowing the most favourable load regime to stimulate tenocyte growth has informed the ongoing exploration of the distinctive effect of different motions on tendon regeneration towards engineering tissue grafts. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/S003509/1.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The effect of the combined herbal remedy "Imupret" on the state of the macrophage phagocytic system in patients with community acquired pneumonia, combined with hepatic steatosis during medical rehabilitation.Fitoterapiia.
Incorporating Causal Prior Knowledge as Path-Constraints in Bayesian Networks and Maximal Ancestral Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the incorporation of causal knowledge about the presence or absence of (possibly indirect) causal relations into a causal model. Such causal relations correspond to directed paths in a causal model. This type of knowledge naturally arises from experimental data, among others. Specifically, we consider the formalisms of Causal Bayesian Networks and Maximal Ancestral Graphs and their Markov equivalence classes: Partially Directed Acyclic Graphs and Partially Oriented Ancestral Graphs. We introduce sound and complete procedures which are able to incorporate causal prior knowledge in such models. In simulated experiments, we show that often considering even a few causal facts leads to a significant number of new inferences. In a case study, we also show how to use real experimental data to infer causal knowledge and incorporate it into a real biological causal network. The code is available at mensxmachina.org.
Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Austria has a complex list PR system in which seats are distributed at three levels: regional, land, and national. At the regional and land levels, electors can either vote for a party in general or select one of its candidates. If specific candidates receive sufficient preference votes, they are moved to the top of their party list. The system is highly proportional because all votes are used again in the third national tier of seat allocation. The system aims to combine overall proportionality with close voter-MP links provided by the first tier.
Ethnography-in-Motion: Neoliberalism and the Shack Dwellers Movement in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter unravels the role of ethnography as an aspect of political practice in the context of shack dweller struggles in postapartheid South Africa. Using both macro and micro optics, it is possible to examine globalization under late capitalism and its specific conditions and variations manifest in a South African shack settlement in Crossmoor, Chatsworth, with a discussion of how an ethnography-in-motion has been used as a pedagogical and political methodology. I follow Gillian Hart (2002) in hoping to "clarify the slippages, openings, and possibilities for emancipatory social change in this era of neo-liberal capitalisms, as well as the limits and constraints operating at different levels" (p. 45).KeywordsSocial MovementHuman Development IndexInformal SettlementSecurity GuardCapitalist RelationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.