jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wingspan stenting can effectively prevent long-term strokes for patients with severe symptomatic atherosclerotic basilar stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the safety and long-term effect of using the Wingspan stent for severe symptomatic atherosclerotic basilar artery stenosis (≥70%). Materials and methods Between July 2007 and April 2013, we had 91 consecutive patients (age range 41–82 years old) with symptomatic severe basilar stenosis (70–99%) who underwent Wingspan stenting at our center. All patients had stenosis-related temporary ischemic attack or strokes. We analyzed the demographic data, pre- and post-procedural cerebral angiography, technical success rate, peri-procedural complications, and clinical and imaging follow-ups. Results The Wingspan stenting procedure was successful in all patients: The stenosis was reduced from 82.2% ± 5.8% pre-stenting to 15.9% ± 5.7% post-stenting. The 30-day peri-operative rate for stroke or death was 14.3%, which included ischemic stroke in 12 cases (12/91 = 13.2%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage in one case (1/91 = 1.1%), with a fatal or disabling stroke rate of 2.2%. Among the 77 patients with clinical follow-up assessment within 7–60 months (mean 31.3 ± 15.1 months) after stenting, four patients (5.2%) had posterior ischemia, including one patient with disabling ischemic stroke (1.3%) and three patients (3.9%) with temporary ischemic attack. The 2-year cumulative stroke rate was 16% (95% CI: 8.2–23.8%). Among 46 patients with imaging assessments at 3–45 months (mean, 9.5 ± 8.3) post-stenting, six (13.0%) patients had restenosis, including two (2/46 = 4.3%) with symptomatic restenosis. Conclusions The benefit of stenting for patients with severe basilar artery stenosis (> 70%) may lie in lowering the long-term fatal and disabling stroke rate; and as long as the peri-operative stroke rate can be kept at a relatively lower level, patients with severe basilar stenosis can benefit from basilar artery stenting.
N4‐Tetradentate Chelators Efficiently Regulate Copper Homeostasis and Prevent ROS Production Induced by Copper‐Amyloid‐β1–16

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The disruption of copper homeostasis and the oxidative stress induced by Cu‐amyloids are crucial features of Alzheimer's disease pathology. The copper specific N 4 ‐tetradendate ligands TDMQ20 and 1 are able to fully inhibit in vitro the aerobic oxidation of ascorbate induced by Cu‐Aβ 1‐16 , even in the presence of 100 molar equivalents of Zn II with respect to Cu II , whereas other ligands with N 2 O 2 or N 3 O 2 coordination spheres failed to do so. This essential result indicates that, in addition to metal selectivity, the coordination sphere of copper chelators should exhibit a N 4 ‐tetradendate motif to be able to reduce an oxidative stress in the zinc‐rich physiological environment of brain. The N 4 ‐scaffolds of these two aminoquinoline‐based ligands, TDMQ20 or 1 , suitable for a square‐planar coordination of copper(II), allowed them to enhance both the selectivity for copper and the ability to reduce the oxidative stress induced by copper‐amyloid in a zinc‐rich environment.
Admission Pao 2 and Mortality in Critically Ill Children: A Cohort Study and Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To describe the relationship between Pa o 2 at intensive care admission and mortality in critically ill children and to review systematically the literature describing this relationship. Design: Cohort study: A review of consecutive tertiary pediatric intensive care admissions (January 2004 to December 2014) in a single center. The relationship between admission Pao2 and crude and standardized mortality was explored using nonlinear regression. Systematic review: A search of MEDLINE (1950 to January 2015), EMBASE (1980 to January 2015), Cochrane and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects databases was undertaken using the following terms: “hyperoxia,” “hypoxia,” “critically ill children,” “pediatric intensive care,” “mortality,” and/or “survival.” Setting: Tertiary PICU. Patients: Patients younger than 18 years of age. Interventions: The association of hyperoxia (Pa o 2 , > 300 torr [40 kPa]) and hypoxia (Pa o 2 , < 60 torr [8 kPa] or peripheral oxygen saturations, < 90%) to mortality in critically ill children was explored. Measurements and Main Results: Cohort study: Of 14,321 admissions, 7,410 children had recorded Pa o 2 and F io 2 at admission. Crude mortality was 7.4% (555/7,410). This varied with admission Pa o 2 from 15.4% (204/1,324) in the hypoxia group (< 8 kPa) to 5.3% (287/5,385) with normoxia and 9.1% (64/701) in the hyperoxic group (> 40 kPa). Nonlinear regression displayed a “ U -shaped” relationship between Pa o 2 and crude and case-mix adjusted mortality. Systematic review: Fourteen studies and one conference abstract were eligible for inclusion. Eleven studies ( n = 5,280) relate to hypoxia with combined odds ratio for death, of 3.13 (95% CI, 1.79–5.48; p < 0.001) compared to normoxia. Six studies ( n = 2,012) relate to hyperoxia and suggest no effect on mortality compared to normoxia (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.42–3.17; p = 0.77). Conclusions: Hypoxia at admission is associated with increased mortality in critically ill children, whereas the association with hyperoxia is less clear. The cohort study demonstrated a U -shaped association between admission Pa o 2 and mortality. Further examination is needed to explore the effect of hyperoxia upon mortality prediction accuracy.
Signing Up in the Shipyard: Organizing Newport News and Reinterpreting the 1970s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through a case study of the largest National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) election in the 1970s, the author challenges the dominant historical narrative that the entire decade was a period of decline for worker militancy. Instead, Lane Windham argues that workers were steadily forming unions in the private sector throughout the 1970s and their success rates dropped when they were met by markedly increased employer resistance. The author examines the successful effort by nineteen thousand workers at the Newport News shipyard in Virginia to win a NLRB election in 1978. The workers waged an eighty-two-day strike when the company, Tenneco Inc., would not honor its obligation to a union contract. The governor's guardsmen met workers on the picket lines and the city police stormed the union hall, beating strikers with abandon. The workforce was half white, half black, and included many women. Windham argues that the civil rights and women's movements energized, rather than enervated, the unionization efforts. This case study highlights the 1970s emerging corporate pattern of attacking workers' organizing efforts.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MUSYAWARAH PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DI KELURAHAN SEI PUTIH TENGAH KECAMATAN MEDAN PETISAH KOTA MEDAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine community participation in development planning participatory review of aspects of infrastructure or in the physical plane and the factors that hinder participation in participatory development planning. The study was conducted in the Village of White Sei Middle District of Medan Medan Petisah region known as the strategic and people's lives are pretty good. Forms of research is qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques used in this research through interviews with related parties such as village officials, LPM, which is present in participatory development planning activities, and organizers of participatory development planning. In addition, another technique used is observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis.The results showed that the level of public participation is being actif. Because to the active participation and passive participation made some communities in Middle Village White Sei when participation took place.
Deformation and lifespan of a polyethylene pipe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gas transport has evolved from using metallic pipes in the past to polymer pipes nowadays. Advantages like cost and corrosion-resistant properties have made polymer pipes to be the preferred choice amongst gas transmission and distribution businesses. Generally, to stop the gas flow in the pipe during emergency situations or routine repair work, a squeeze-off procedure is employed on polyethylene pipes. In this procedure, a damaged pipe is first isolated by pinching the walls of the pipe to stop the gas flow. Once the flow has stopped, repair work will be carried out. However, the mechanical activity of adding a load on the walls of the pipe causes degradation of the pipe. This damage can potentially be extremely hazardous. There have been several pipe explosions in the world where the squeeze-off procedure was believed to be responsible. The objective of this project is to understand the effect of squeezing (and re-rounding) on the properties of the pipe, particularly, yield strength. The criterion placed by Singapore Power (SP) is that a pipe should maintain a minimum strength of 10 MPa after 50 years. This report shows that when the pipes undergo the squeeze-off procedure more than once around the same region, they fall below the criterion and therefore are not considered useful any longer. Hence, it is concluded that the pipes should not undergo more than 1 squeeze at a given location on the pipe.
PENGARUH FAKTORMARKETING MIX DAN FAKTOR SYARIAH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENJADI NASABAH LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of variable marketing mix consisting of product (X1), price (X2), location (X3), and promotion (X4) and the variable sharia (X5) against the decision to become customers of BMT Sahara Tulungagung. The sample in this study was 100 respondents customers financing . Data processing techniques of customer savings and customer data analysis using multiple linear regression with F test and t test. As for testing the instrument using validity, reliability test and classical assumption. The results showed that simultaneous product variable (X1), price (X2), location (X3), promotion (X4) and variable sharia (X5) significantly influence the decision to become customers of BMT Sahara Tulungagung (Y). While based on the t test calculation only partially known that the price variable (X2) and promotion (X4) which have a significant effect on the dependent variable.
[Structural changes in the periodontal tissues under measured exposure to intra- and extraoral orthodontic appliances in the unstable bite].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Study of the histological characteristics of the teeth, dental rudiments, and periodontal tissues of animals during distraction of the maxilla and distal dislocation of the mandible by "minor", "medium", and "strong" force showed that the type and degree of morphological changes are related to the strength of exposure and duration of orthodontist device application. The minor (1.2 H) and medium (2.5 H) force did not injure the studied structural elements of the periodical complex. Exposure of osseous tissues to a strong (5.0 H) force surpassing the compensatory potential of this tissue caused a complex of changes characterized by predominance of the processes of destruction of bone matter, specifically, by its resorption over its regeneration. These processes were the most evident during distal dislocation of the mandible. Appreciable foci of resorption were observed not only in the alveolar process bone, but in hard tissues (dentin and cement) of deciduous teeth as well. These results demonstrate the necessity of a careful approach to the choice of the intensity of force developed by various orthodontist devices.
How do endothelial cells form vascular structure in vitro?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has 2 tyrosine kinase receptors, Flt-1 and KDR. Embryonic lethality of gene knock-out mice of these receptors has left a fundamental question of what their biological functions are in adult vascular system. We have established a primary culture system for sinusoidal endothelial cells, and have found that those cells express both of the receptors and are strictly dependent on VEGF for survival and growth. While KDR appears to activate MAP kinases in those cells as well as in KDR-transfected NIH3T3 fibroblasts, Flt-1 does not at significant levels. In the NIH3T3 system neither KDR nor Flt-1 gave significant growth-promoting effects on VEGF stimulation.Here we focus on Flt-1 and discuss about its possible biological functions. Previously we reported an isolation of transforming retroviruses (BCR-FLT) which express constitutively activated Flt-1 tyrosine kinase in the form of a chimeric molecule with BCR known as a fusion partner of ABL in human leukemia hybrid oncogene BCR-ABL. When BCR-FLT was ntroduced into immortalized cells of sinusoidal endothelial origin, they formed 3-dimensional ascular structures on asement membrane matrix with a hepatic sinusoid-specific structure called fenestration. In some condition, cells were arrested at G 1 stage of the cell cycle and continued to survive for 3 months. In other condition, sproutinglike morphologies accompanied by mitosis were observed. Without BCR-FLT expression those cells formed cell aggregates with apoptotic cells in the center. Attachment to the matrix strongly activated Shc and MAP kinases, which has been reported to block apoptosis in the integrin and its ligand system. We suppose that cooperative signals from Flt-1 and the matrix lead the endothelial cells to morphological differentiations at G 1 stage of the cell cycle.
Assessment of automated clinical trial recruitment and enrolment using patient-facing technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Interactive patient care systems (IPCS) at the bedside are becoming increasingly common, but evidence is limited as to their potential for innovative clinical trial implementation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the IPCS could feasibly be used to automate recruitment and enrolment for a clinical trial. Methods In medical-surgical units, we used the IPCS to randomise, recruit and consent eligible subjects. For participants not interacting with IPCS study materials within 48 hours, study staff-initiated recruitment in-person. Eligible study population included all caregivers and any patients >6 years old admitted to medical-surgical units and oncology units September 2015 to January 2016. Outcomes: randomisation assessed using between-group comparisons of patient characteristics; recruitment success assessed by rates of consent; paperless implementation using successful acquisition of electronic signature and email address. We used χ 2 analysis to assess success of randomisation and recruitment. Results Randomisation was successful (n=1012 randomised, p>0.05 for all between-group comparisons). For the subset of eligible, randomised patients who were recruited, IPCS-only recruitment (consented: 2.4% of n=213) was less successful than in-person recruitment (61.4% of n=87 eligible recruited, p<0.001). For those consenting (n=61), 96.7% provided an electronic signature and 68.9% provided email addresses. Conclusions Our results suggest that as a tool at the bedside, the IPCS offers key efficiencies for study implementation, including randomisation and collecting e-consent and contact information, but does not offer recruitment efficiencies. Further research could assess the value that interactive technologies bring to recruitment when paired with in-person efforts, potentially focusing on more intensive user-interface testing for recruitment materials. Trial registration number NCT02491190 .
Gastrointestinal tract complications of diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology and management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Diabetes mellitus can affect every organ system, including large and small blood vessels, eyes, nerves, kidneys, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We reviewed recent knowledge concerning the impact of diabetes on the gut. While the incidence of GI tract complications is usually considered relatively low, functional alterations have been demonstrated at every level in the gut and account for considerable morbidity in the diabetic population. (Arch Intern Med1984;144:1251-1256)
Sequence distribution and crystal structure of poly(ethylene/butylene terephthalate) copolyesters compared with poly(ethylene/trimethylene terephthalate) copolyesters

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poly(ethylene/butylene terephthalate) (EB) copolyesters were synthesized from ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and dimethyl terephthalate with different molar volume ratios. The constitutional units, characterized by 13 C NMR, revealed a random distribution in the molecular chain. Nevertheless, crystallites formed across the full range of EG/BDO composition can be observed with the use of a differential scanning calorimeter and a wide angle X‐ray diffraction method. The reflection profile of the EB copolyesters was deconvoluted. Also, in the poly(ethylene/trimethylene terephthalate) (ET) copolyesters previously studied, the crystal structure was dominated by the sequence distribution of the copolyesters. The crystal structures of EB and ET copolyesters, in comparison with the different constitutional repeating units in the molecular chain, are discussed in this study. The glass transition temperature of EB and ET copolyesters were analyzed, considering the copolymer composition and the sequencing of the monomers, and their values were compared to the Johnston's equation. In addition, the analysis of the melting temperatures of both the EB and the ET copolyesters was carried out. The equilibrium melting temperatures of both copolyesters were calculated according to the Hoffman‐Weeks extrapolative method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 405–419, 2007
The Effectiveness of the Classroom Laboratory in the Teaching of Nursing Arts

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This investigation primarily sought to determine if there is any difference in the performance of nursing students when half of them have had experience in the classroom laboratory and the other half have not had this experience. The data obtained consisted of students' scores on written tests and of performance of basic nursing procedures in clinical practice as evaluated by an instructor observing the performance. The experiment was so designed as to permit analysis of other effects in addition to the method of teaching. No significant difference was found in the performance of the laboratory and nonlaboratory groups. It was concluded that one method of teaching provided as well as the other for the learning of basic nursing procedures as measured by written tests and performance in the clinical areas of the hospital. Practice, whether in the laboratory, in the clinical situation, or in both, contributed to improved performance in practical skills but made little if any contribution to understanding of material as measured by written tests. There was a significant difference in scores obtained by students when evaluated by different instructors, which may have resulted from real instructor differences or from their individual interpretations of the evaluation forms. No instructor differences were found in the written tests. A significant difference was found in the performance of both groups on the several nursing procedures used in the study, both on the written tests and on the practice scores. This may have been due to differences inherent in the procedures themselves or to differences in the material covered by the tests.
Harnessing the Potential of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for the Treatment of T-Cell Malignancies: A Dare or Double Dare?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Historical standard of care treatments of T-cell malignancies generally entailed the use of cytotoxic and depleting approaches. These strategies are, however, poorly validated and record dismal long-term outcomes. More recently, the introduction and approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized the therapy of B-cell malignancies. Translating this success to the T-cell compartment has so far proven hazardous, entangled by risks of fratricide, T-cell aplasia, and product contamination by malignant cells. Several strategies have been utilized to overcome these challenges. These include the targeting of a selective cognate antigen exclusive to T-cells or a subset of T-cells, disruption of target antigen expression on CAR-T constructs, use of safety switches, non-viral transduction, and the introduction of allogeneic compounds and gene editing technologies. We herein overview these historical challenges and revisit the opportunities provided as potential solutions. An in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment is required to optimally harness the potential of the immune system to treat T-cell malignancies.
Estimating the dark halo mass from the relative thickness of stellar disks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the relationship between the mass of a spherical component and the minimum possible thickness of stable stellar disks. This relationship for real galaxies allows the lower limit on the dark halo mass to be estimated (the thinner the stable stellar disk is, the more massive the dark halo must be). In our analysis, we use both theoretical relations and numerical N-body simulations of the dynamical evolution of thin disks in the presence of spherical components with different density profiles and different masses. We conclude that the theoretical relationship between the thickness of disk galaxies and the mass of their spherical components is a lower envelope for the model data points. We recommend using this theoretical relationship to estimate the lower limit for the dark halo mass in galaxies. The estimate obtained turns out to be weak. Even for the thinnest galaxies, the dark halo mass within four exponential disk scale lengths must be more than one stellar disk mass. 1 1