jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of functional changes of the brain in menstrual disorders: a review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Currently, the most common variant of the reproductive system disorders, in particular menstrual cycle disorders, in adolescent girls is oligomenorrhea. In situations after a complete diagnostic screening no organic and endocrine pathology of the reproductive system is detected in this group of patients, it is possible to conduct functional MRI as a method of identifying cause-and-effect relationships and clarifying the pathogenesis of menstrual disorders. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the available foreign and domestic literature to determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of functional brain changes in menstrual disorders in adolescent girls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was conducted for scientific publications in the information and analytical systems PubMed and Google Scholar for 2013–2023 by keywords: «resting-state functional MRI» («functional resting MRI»), «oligomenorrhhea» («oligomenorrhea»), «adolescent girls» («teenage girls»), «reproductive system functional disorders» («functional disorders of the reproductive system»), «magnetic resonance imaging» («magnetic resonance imaging»), «diagnostic radiology» («radiation diagnostics»). 46 publications related to the diagnosis of functional brain changes in menstrual disorders in the form of resting state fMRI were analyzed. RESULTS: Resting state fMRI allows us to assess the basic brain activity in the absence of certain sensory or cognitive stimuli and visualize working networks that include various parts of the brain demonstrating synchronous changes in the BOLD-signal at rest. There are a number of patterns of changes in the BOLD-signal that can be observed in various phases of the menstrual cycle, as well as under the influence of stress factors, which makes it possible to visualize the morphological substrate of oligomenorrhea that occurs against the background of the absence of organic and endocrine pathology of the reproductive system in adolescent girls. Currently, there is little data in the scientific literature on the use of functional resting MRI in this cohort of patients, however, this method can have a significant impact on the formation of an individual plan for the correction of reproductive disorders in adolescence, and therefore requires further study. CONCLUSION: The use of fMRI can open up new possibilities in the diagnosis of functional brain disorders in girls with «unexplained» oligomenorrhea.
Intercrop performance of different varieties of soybean (Glycine Max. (L) Merril) in a cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) based cropping system within the derived savannah zone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments to investigate intercrop performance of different varieties of soybean ( Glycine Max . (L.) Merril) in a cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) based cropping system within the derived savannah zone were conducted at Nsukka Utisol in Southeast Nigeria ecological. Two varieties of cassava and six varieties of soybean of three different maturity groups were grown as sole and intercrop with four rates of N and K fertilizer, laid out in split plot design in RCBD. Fertilizer rate was the main plot treatment while cassava and soybean, sole and intercrop systems were the sub-plots, replicated three times. Effects of fertilizer rate and soybean residue management on growth and yield of the crops were studied. Soybean residue and grain yield were differentiated by their varieties and were significantly affected by fertilizer rates and cropping system rather than by cassava varieties as there was no significant cassava varietal effect on the cropping systems and no apparent shedding effect. Application of N 0 K 50 fertilizer rate gave the highest soybean dry matter accumulation, highest grain yield and highest fresh cassava tuber yield at 12MAP. Intercropping cassava (NR 8230) with soybean (TGX 1894-3E, medium maturing variety), gave the highest grain yield of Soybean and fresh tuber yield of cassava at 12MAP, Keywords: Cassava, soybean, intercrop
Abdominal Flap-based Breast Reconstruction versus Abdominoplasty: The Impact of Surgical Procedure on Scar Location

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Autologous breast reconstruction has been demonstrated to be associated with superior patient-reported outcomes, and hence is regarded as the gold standard reconstructive modality. A common drawback of this procedure, however, is related to a high abdominal scar. Recently, hybrid breast reconstruction (ie, the combination of autologous and implant-based reconstruction) was presented as an approach that would combine the benefits of both reconstructive modalities. In this study, we sought to assess abdominal aesthetic outcomes associated with this approach. Methods: Thirty-two blinded reviewers evaluated standardized pre- and postoperative abdominal images of patients following autologous reconstruction with free abdominal flap (Group 1; N = 10), hybrid reconstruction (Group 2; N = 5), and abdominoplasty (Group 3; N = 10). Aesthetic abdominal appearance, including overall result, scar position, skin redundancy, and lateral abdominal contour, was rated on a 5-point Likert scale and a comparative analysis was performed. Results: Hybrid reconstruction was associated with significantly lower abdominal scars compared with Group 1 ( P = 0.01), nearing results of patients in Group 3 ( P = 0.39). Significantly higher aesthetic ratings were ascribed to Groups 2 and 3 when compared with Group 1 ( P < 0.001) with regard to scar positioning ( P < 0.001), skin redundancy ( P < 0.001), and lateral abdominal contour ( P < 0.001). No significant difference in aesthetic ratings was noted between Groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: When applied to the appropriate patient population, hybrid breast reconstruction is a powerful method to achieve reconstructive goals while optimizing abdominal aesthetics. A significantly lower scar position was noted and higher abdominal aesthetic ratings were given following abdominoplasty and hybrid reconstruction compared with conventional abdominal flap-based reconstruction.
Perceived interactivity in real estate APP increases consumers' psychological well-being: a moderated mediation model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to empirically analyse the influence mechanism of perceived interactivity in real estate APP which affects consumers' psychological well-being. With the growing application of human–machine interaction in real estate APP, it is crucial to utilize human–machine interaction to stimulate perceived interactivity between humans and machines to positively impact consumers' psychological well-being and sustainable development of real estate APP. However, it is unclear whether perceived interactivity improves consumers' psychological well-being. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes and examines a theoretical model grounded in the perceived interactivity theory, considers the relationship between perceived interactivity and consumers' psychological well-being and explores the mediating effect of perceived value and the moderating role of privacy concerns. It takes real estate APP as the research object, analyses the data of 568 consumer samples collected through questionnaires and then employs structural equation modelling to explore and examine the proposed theoretical model of this study. Findings The findings are that perceived interactivity (i.e. human–human interaction and human–information interaction) positively influences perceived value, which in turn affects psychological well-being, and that perceived value partially mediates the effect of perceived interaction on psychological well-being. More important findings are that privacy concerns not only negatively moderate human–information interaction on perceived value, but also negatively moderate the indirect effects of human–information interaction on users' psychological well-being through perceived value. Originality/value This study expands the context on perceived interaction and psychological well-being in the field of real estate APP, validating the mediating role and boundary conditions of perceived interactivity created by human–machine interaction on consumers' psychological well-being, and suggesting positive implications for practitioners exploring human–machine interaction technologies to improve the perceived interaction between humans and machines and thus enhance consumer psychological well-being and span sustainable development of real estate APP.
Simulation of Sublimation Growth of SiC Single Crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Modelling of sublimation growth of SiC is discussed with the goal to describe the mathematical models necessary to optimize the process and design of the growth system. An analysis of the mechanisms of growth of bulk silicon carbide crystals is performed. Growth conditions which provide stable growth of single SiC crystals without formation of secondary phases are considered. The phase diagram of the formation of extra phases during the sublimation growth of SiC is presented. Modelling of the growth of bulk SiC crystals is considered. Results of modelling the temperature distribution inside the inductively heated system for the growth of bulk SiC crystals are shown. A mechanism of material transport inside the closed Ta container in the absence of an inert gas atmosphere is proposed which is different from that of diffusive or free-molecular transport. First results of the model analysis of chemical processes inside the volume of SiC powder during the sublimation growth are demonstrated. It is shown that the sublimation and re-crystallization of the SiC source is sensitive to the temperature distribution in the source.
CARBAMAZEPINE AS A PAIN TREATMENT OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pain and fear of pain continue to be the commonest and strongest motivation for the patients to seek medical help. Pain is a personal experience of the sufferer that cannot be shared and wholly belongs to the sufferer. Trigeminal neuralgia (NT) is a notable facial pain disorder resulting in periodic severe pain that produces one of the most severe kinds of pain known to mankind. Treatment of this debilitating condition may be varied, ranging from medical to surgical interventions. Anticonvulsant are commonly used for its treatment. One of anticonvulsant drug is carbamazepine (CBZ). This paper will discuss about the efficacy and tolerability of CBZ for the treatment of NT.
Relationship between elastic modulus and volume swelling degree of polymer networks swollen to equilibrium in good diluents, 4. Interpretation of experimental results on the basis of scaling concepts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The results displayed in the present paper deal with the scaling behaviour of various polymer networks swollen at equilibrium in good diluents. The scaling law, established by de Gennes, between the elastic modulus and the equilibrium segment concentration was tested using polystyrene networks, poly(ethylene oxide) networks, and poly(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) networks. The experimental exponents s obtained are generally in agreement with the expected theoretical value ( s = 2,25), especially for networks obtained at high conversion degrees whatever the nature of the polymer or the type of gelation. At incomplete conversions, the sol‐fraction is important and the defects are numerous; in this case discrepancies are observed between the theoretical and experimental exponents.
Isolation of blood-brain barrier-crossing antibodies from a phage display library by competitive elution and their ability to penetrate the central nervous system

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle for delivery of biologic therapeutics to central nervous system (CNS) targets. Whilst the BBB prevents passage of the vast majority of molecules, it also selectively transports a wide variety of molecules required to maintain brain homeostasis. Receptor-mediated transcytosis is one example of a macromolecule transport system that is employed by cells of the BBB to supply essential proteins to the brain and which can be utilized to deliver biologic payloads, such as antibodies, across the BBB. In this study, we performed phage display selections on the mouse brain endothelial cell line, bEND.3, to enrich for antibody single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) that could compete for binding with a known BBB-crossing antibody fragment, FC5. A number of these scFvs were converted to IgGs and characterized for their ability to bind to mouse, rat and human brain endothelial cells, and subsequent ability to transport across the BBB. We demonstrated that these newly identified BBB-targeting IgGs had increased brain exposure when delivered peripherally in mice and were also able to transport a biologically active molecule, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), into the CNS. The antagonism of the interleukin-1 system within the CNS can result in the relief of neuropathic pain. We demonstrated that the BBB-targeting IgGs were able to elicit an analgesic response in a mouse model of nerve ligation-induced hypersensitivity when fused to IL-1RA.
Impact of curiosity-based reading on summary writing in Sri Lankan ESL universities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examined Sri Lankan English as a Second Language (ESL) undergraduate learners’ reading-to-write task performance over six weeks. The Experimental Group (EG; n = 33) read and summarized articles rated as curious on a Likert scale measuring curiosity, while the Control Group (CG; n = 31) read articles rated as incurious (low-curiosity end of the scale). A pre-test and post-test were used to assess participants’ summary writing performance across five rubric dimensions. A combined measure of all dimensions showed that both groups improved significantly; however, the difference in gain scores between the EG and CG was not statistically significant, despite a small to medium effect size favouring the treatment group. However, an analysis of the individual dimensions revealed that the EG significantly outperformed the CG in the Overall Quality dimension, with a medium-to-large effect size. Results speak to the potential of curiosity in ESL instruction.
Scaffolding student engagement with written corrective feedback: Transforming feedback sessions into learning affordances

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study proposed a three-step writing conference in which foreign/second language (L2) students, under the guidance of their writing instructor, first fastened their attentional focus on a form-related error, analysed a collection of standard L2 samples to deduce the underlying knowledge, and then planned for their error correction as well as future learning of this knowledge. The ultimate goal of this formative assessment practice was to scaffold student engagement with written corrective feedback (WCF). Using a between-group experiment design, the present study compared the effects on the success rate of error correction and L2 uptake of the above writing conference ( n = 14) against those brought about by a typical Teacher–Student ( n = 12) and a typical Student–Student one ( n = 12). Research participants were 38 intermediate learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) recruited from three intact classes at a language-learning center in Vietnam. The suggested writing conference was indeed found to yield better error correction and L2 uptake than the other counterparts. A closer look at the students’ mental engagement with WCF revealed that such engagement was moderately correlated with their L2 uptake. These findings altogether suggest that student engagement with WCF should not be taken for granted or, in other words, this engagement should be contingently supported by the writing instructor in order to foster learning from WCF.
The Role of Non-Owner-Occupied Homes in the Current Housing and Foreclosure Cycle, Working Paper 10-11

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Non-occupant homeowners differ from owner occupants in that they tend to have lower-risk credit characteristics, such as higher credit scores, but may also have weaker incentives to maintain mortgage payments when housing values fall. During the recent housing boom, the share of mortgage borrowing by non-occupant owners was relatively high in states where home values appreciated relatively rapidly. After the housing boom, foreclosures on non-occupant mortgages in several Midwestern and Northeastern states reflected primarily a high rate of foreclosure per mortgage, not a high volume of mortgages to non-occupants. The reverse held true in some coastal and mountain states. Nevada and Florida have experienced the greatest impact overall, because they have both a high volume of mortgages to non-occupant owners and a high rate of foreclosure on those mortgages.
Extaarticular manifestations of septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Five patients with septic arthritis involving the glenohumeral joint are described. Although initial plain films were normal in all six involved joints, abnormalities were frequent on subsequent examinations, including demineralization (five joints), joint space narrowing (three joints), superior subluxation of the humeral head (three joints), osseous erosion (two joints), and inferior subluxation of the humeral head (one joint). Arthrography was helpful in documenting intraarticular placement of the needle for aspiration, synovial abnormalities, and extraarticular extension of disease. Particularly noteworthy was the occurrence of rotator cuff tears in four of six shoulders, suggesting a possible relationship between joint infection and disruption of the rotator cuff.
The effects of different doses of pimozide and [D-Ala6, Pro9-N ethylamide]-LHRH (LHRH-A) on gonadotropin release and ovulation in female goldfish

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Female goldfish, in late stages of ovarian recrudescence, held at 12 or 20 °C, were injected with a range of dosages of the dopamine antagonist pimozide, at 10, 1, and 0.1 μg/g body weight, to block the endogenous gonadotropin release inhibitory activity of dopamine, and 3 h later were injected with [D-Ala 6 , Pro 9 -N ethylamide]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A), at 0.1 μg/g body weight, after which serum gonadotropin levels were determined. The results demonstrate the dose dependency of pimozide in potentiating the activity of LHRH-A. In a second set of experiments, using female goldfish in a preovulatory condition, held at 12 and 20 °C, the changes in serum gonadotropin levels and frequency of ovulation were determined following injection of pimozide, at 1 μg/g body weight, and LHRH-A, at 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 μg/g body weight. The results demonstrate that pimozide potentiates a dose-dependent response to LHRH-A. The maximum serum GtH levels found in response to the same dosages of pimozide and LHRH-A at 12 and 20 °C were similar; however, the maximum levels occurred earlier at 20 °C (6 h postinjections) than at 12 °C (24 h postinjections). Notably, only the combination of pimozide at 1 μg/g body weight and LHRH-A at 0.1 μg/g body weight, in fish at 20 °C, was highly effective in inducing ovulation.
Control of hybrid microgrid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays the hybrid micro grid based on the distributed generations is playing a more and more significant role in electricity field with the increasing concerns about the global warming, air pollution and energy crisis. This thesis introduces the basic concept of the hybrid micro grid with its advantages , drawbacks and development in different countries and areas. A simple simulation of hybrid micro grid is configured using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The AC grid is connected to a DC link through a controlled converter. In DC side, PV module is connected to the DC link through a boost converter under MPPT, which makes PV module always operate at its maximum output power. An induction motor is connected to the DC link bus through a controlled inverter under DTC control, which maintains a stable value of flux in IM to follow the change of torque very quickly. The motor can operate as two modes: the motor mode and generator mode. When it operates as generator mode, the regenerative energy will be sent back to DC link through the controlled inverter, causing impact on the micro grid system. The energy storage battery is connected to the DC link through a controlled converter. When the regenerative energy flows back to the DC link, it starts to work and absorbs the additional energy. The simulation on this is to verify the system can maintain its balance and bus terminal voltage or not when it experiences the energy impact from the transition of motor working mode. And the speed of response and the severity of effect of each generative or storage elements for this change are being investigated in this thesis as well. Given the tight deadline, some limits and drawbacks still exist. The simulation of wind turbine is not configured in yet, which also leads to the failure of simulation on two modes transition of system: grid-connected mode and isolated mode.
Coordination between aminoacylation and editing to protect against proteotoxicity.pdf

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that ligate amino acids to tRNAs, and often require editing to ensure accurate protein synthesis. Recessive mutations in aaRSs cause various neur ological disorders in humans. Pathogenic aaRS mutations frequently cause protein destabilization and aminoacylation deficiency. In this study, we report that combined aminoacylation and editing defects cause severe proteotoxicity. We show that the ths1-C268A mutation in yeast threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) abolishes editing and causes heat sensitivity . Surprisingly , experimental evolution of the mutant results in intragenic mutations that restore heat resistance but not editing. ths1-C268A destabilizes ThrRS and decreases overall Thr-tRNAThr synthesis, while the suppressor mutations in the evolved strains improve aminoacylation. We further show that deficiency in either ThrRS aminoacylation or editing is insufficient to cause heat sensitivity, and that ths1-C268A impairs ribosome-associated quality control. Our results suggest aminoacylation deficiency predisposes cells to proteotoxic stress.
Discrepancies of Abortion Methods and Values Between Japan and the World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, the discrepancy in abortion methods between Japan and overseas and the discrepancy in attitude toward abortion between CEDAW and Japan were considered. Today, the global standard for first-trimester abortion is the use of MA and VA without the help of GA. However, in Japan, the ‘obsolete’ D&C and un-recommended GA remain used for early abortion, whereas neither MA nor VA has seen full adoption. This lagging of abortion technology is due to several reasons: the customary use of current methods, doctors’ lack of concern and desire to maintain an advantageous status quo, the stigmatization of abortion, ‘apathy and disdain’ toward women and a lack of correct information, which this paper attempts to mitigate. The MHLW’s suspicious notice and the Japanese government’s reluctance to improve women’s condition due to ‘fetus over women’ ideology demand more examination. We should turn our eyes to the real suffering of Japanese women and the possibility for MA to save them from agony. Women’s reproductive health and rights are human rights that are their natural rights. We should then find a way to realize this pledge in Japanese society.