jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[MOMP of Legionella inhibits phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages and enhances their chemotaxis by activating NOD2/RIP2 signaling pathway].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of the main outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Legionella on the phagocytosis and chemotaxis of RAW264.7 macrophages and explore its mechanism. Methods MOMP and RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro. The toxicity of MOMP to RAW264.7 macrophages was detected by CCK-8 assay and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. The RAW264.7 macrophages were treated by MOMP (1.14, 0.57, 0.28) μg/mL and the control group was established. The cells and cultivate supernatants were collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after the RAW264.7 macrophages were treated by MOMP. The phagocytic function of macrophages was detected by the neutral red phagocytosis experiment; the chemotaxis function of macrophage was examined by TranswellTM assay, and the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cell culture supernatant monocytes were detected by ELISA. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to check the mRNA level of macrophage nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2 and receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2). The protein levels of NOD1, NOD2 and RIP2 were detected by Western blot analysis. Results The IC50 of MOMP on RAW264.7 macrophages was 5.69 μg/mL. Compared with the control cells, MOMP treatment caused a decrease of RAW264.7 macrophage phagocytosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With the increase of MOMP dosage, the chemotaxis of macrophages and the secretory levels of MCP-1 and IL-10 in the cell culture supernatant increased, and peaked in 36 hours. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NOD2, RIP2 also increased, mRNA levels of NOD2 and RIP2 peaked in 12 hours, and protein levels peaked in 24 hours. Conclusion MOMP can inhibit the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages and enhance its chemotaxis function, which is related to the activation of NOD2/RIP2 signaling pathway.
Mass transfer and selectivity in liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitro compounds in a monolithic catalyst reactor with segmented gas-liquid flow

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass transfer and selectivity in liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitro compounds in a monolithic catalyst reactor with segmented gas-liquid flowVasilios Hatziantoniou, Bengt Andersson, and Nils Herman SchoonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 4, 964–970Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200035a021https://doi.org/10.1021/i200035a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
IDDF2019-ABS-0207 First report of primary tenofovir resistance in A hepatitis B viral hepatitis patient from india without human immunodeficiency virus co-infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Tenofovir confers potent and durable HBV-DNA suppression; Levels of Tenofovir resistance in individuals with viral failure ranged from 20% in Europe to more than 50% in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we are reporting a rare case of primary Tenofovir resistance in a patient with HBV hepatitis without HIV co-infection.

Methods

Patients were 59 years old female, HBV DNA level 5,49,1000 IU/ml and transaminase high, kPa scores 8.6, Alpha-fetoprotein level 3.79IU/ml and HBeAg level 111.64. The patient was started on Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg OD. One month HBV DNA level 3210 IU/ml, 6 months HBV DNA level was 674000IU/ml. The patient was on regular follow up, regularly purchased medicine from the hospital pharmacy, took medicine regularly every single day, no history of other medicine intakes. Clinical evaluation and laboratory findings excluded the presence of other systemic diseases, there was no past history of exposure to Tenofovir. HIV and HCV were negative.

Results

Tablet Tenofovir stopped, Tablet Entecavir 1 mg started. Report of mutation study and genotyping revealed A181T/V mutation with A194T and M204V/I, these mutations are associated with resistance to Lamivudine, Adefovir, Tenofovir and there was no reported resistance to Entecavir and Telbivudine. After one month, 3 months and 6 months treatment with Entecavir 1 mg daily, HBV DNA level decreased to 3600IU/ml, transaminase level normalized on follow up. Possible our patient acquired drug-resistant Hepatitis B virus from patient with HIV-HBV co-infection, the patient taking antiretroviral, or healthcare worker.

Conclusions

This is a First report from India of occurrence of Tenofovir mutation A181T/V, A194T and M204V/I in a non HIV infected patient with HBV hepatitis.
Statistical considerations for linkage analysis using recombinant inbred strains and backcrosses.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains are extremely useful for gene mapping, especially for establishing preliminary map positions for new loci. However, the usual statistical analysis applied to such experiments may lead to erroneous conclusions about linkage unless unusually stringent criteria are adopted for rejecting the null hypothesis. We describe a Bayesian statistical approach for determining the probability of linkage when no prior information is available about the location of the gene to be mapped (the test locus). We present a table that gives the probability of linkage, the most likely position of the test locus with respect to a marker locus, and the interval around the marker locus that has a 95% chance of containing the test locus, for all possible experimental results suggesting linkage in sets of up to 40 RI strains. These results show that for the probability of linkage to be greater than 95%, the number of RI strains inheriting chromosomes recombinant for the test and marker loci must be smaller than previously assumed. The formulas derived for RI strains can be applied, with only minor modifications, to the analysis of Mendelian backcrosses. Differences between the Bayesian approach advocated here and the more traditional analysis of linkage are discussed in detail.
Principal component coding of mouth sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facial features of a videophone image sequence are coded using the traditional technique of principal components (PCs). One of the main advantages of this method is that it makes use of a large a priori knowledge of the images and exploits the correlation between pixel values. The sequences are coded through a hybrid wire frame model in which the head and shoulder images are coded using a small number of bits. A box is placed around the mouth and eye regions which are coded at a higher bit rate using PCs. Since the image sequence is similar in its overall configuration, this scheme gives a very high compression ratio of around 500:1.< >
Early Bacterial Coinfections in Patients Admitted to the ICU With COVID-19 or Influenza: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IMPORTANCE: Previous findings suggest that bacterial coinfections are less common in ICU patients with COVID-19 than with influenza, but evidence is limited. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the rate of early bacterial coinfections in ICU patients with COVID-19 or influenza. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective propensity score matched cohort study. We included patients admitted to ICUs of a single academic center with COVID-19 or influenza (January 2015 to April 2022). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was early bacterial coinfection (i.e., positive blood or respiratory culture within 2 d of ICU admission) in the propensity score matched cohort. Key secondary outcomes included frequency of early microbiological testing, antibiotic use, and 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Out of 289 patients with COVID-19 and 39 patients with influenza, 117 ( n = 78 vs 39) were included in the matched analysis. In the matched cohort, the rate of early bacterial coinfections was similar between COVID-19 and influenza (18/78 [23%] vs 8/39 [21%]; odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.42–3.45; p = 0.82). The frequency of early microbiological testing and antibiotic use was similar between the two groups. Within the overall COVID-19 group, early bacterial coinfections were associated with a statistically significant increase in 30-day all-cause mortality (21/68 [30.9%] vs 40/221 [18.1%]; hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.01–3.32). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our data suggest similar rates of early bacterial coinfections in ICU patients with COVID-19 and influenza. In addition, early bacterial coinfections were significantly associated with an increased 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Aurora-B Promotes Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Metastasis Through Activation of the NPM1/ERK/NF-κβ/MMPs Axis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Honghai Song,1,2,* Yang Zhou,1,* Aifen Peng,3 Jiaming Liu,1,2,4 Xin Wu,1 Wenzhao Chen,1 Zhili Liu1,2,5 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People’s Republic of China; 4Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China; 5Division of Science and Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhili LiuDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax +86-79188693201Email zgm7977@163.comPurpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone in young adolescents and children. We explored the underlying mechanism of Aurora-B in promoting OS cell proliferation and metastasis.Patient and Methods: Bioinformatics was employed to predict the substrate of Aurora-B. IHC and Western blot were used to confirm the correlation between Aurora-B and NPM1. ERK/NF-κβ pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF). CCK8, wound healing, transwell, and Tunel assays were used to identify the cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis potential. Spontaneous metastasis xenografts were established to confirm the role of Aurora-B and NPM1.Results: Aurora-B promotes NPM1 phosphorylation on Ser125. The phosphorylation of NPM1Ser125 induced by Aurora-B activates the ERK/NF-κβ signaling. Further study revealed that Aurora-B promotes proliferation, migration and inhibits apoptosis via phosphorylating NPM1 in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Aurora-B promotes OS malignancy via phosphorylating NPM1Ser125 and activating ERK/NF-κβ signaling.Keywords: Aurora-B, osteosarcoma, NPM1, ERK, NF-κβ
Improving Student Learning Outcomes through Audio Visual Learning Media in Islamic Education Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Aziz Palatiga Baubau City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to improve Fiqh learning outcomes through the use of audio-visual learning media for students of class III of Al-Aziz Elementary School, Palatiga, Baubau City. This study is a classroom action research on students of class III in even semesters with 15 students and this study is specifically focused on the Fiqh subject, with research procedures, namely planning, action, observation and reflection repeatedly for 2 cycles. The method of data collection is that learning outcome data is taken by giving tests to students after completing the action and learning implementation data is obtained from the results of collaborative observations during the implementation of each cycle using observation instruments for teacher and student activities during teaching and learning activities. With the performance indicator for each student, it is determined that if 80% of each student has achieved a score of ≥70, the student work indicator is an average of 80% have implemented the indicators observed in the student activity observation sheet during the learning process, and the learning process indicator is determined if the learning process activities presented by the teacher reach a good category or 80% have implemented strategy steps using audio-visual learning media. Based on the results of observation, evaluation and reflection in each cycle of action, it can be seen that there is an increase in fiqh learning outcomes after the application of audio-visual learning media in class III students of Madrash Ibtidaiyah Al-Aziz Palatiga, Baubau City. This is indicated by the increasing fiqh learning outcomes in each cycle. In cycle I, 8 students were declared complete or 53.33% with an average score of 66.00 or experienced a classical increase of 33.33% from the pre-cycle, but had not reached the predetermined performance indicators, namely 80% of students scored 70, so this research was continued in cycle II. Furthermore, the learning outcomes after cycle II were 13 students or 86.67% who were declared to have completed the learning with an average score of 78.00 or experienced a classical increase of 33.33% from cycle I. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the use of audio-visual learning media can improve the learning outcomes of fiqh in class III students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Aziz Palatiga, Baubau City.
Deep Learning Based Automatic Multiclass Wild Pest Monitoring Approach Using Hybrid Global and Local Activated Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Specialized control of pests and diseases have been \na high-priority issue for agriculture industry in many countries. \nOn account of automation and cost-effectiveness, image analytic based pest recognition systems are widely utilized in practical crops prevention applications. But due to powerless handcrafted features, current image analytic approaches achieve low accuracy and poor robustness in practical large-scale multi-class pest detection and recognition. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a novel deep learning based automatic approach using hybrid and local activated features for pest monitoring solution. In the presented method, we exploit the global information from feature maps to build our Global activated Feature Pyramid Network (GaFPN) to extract pests’ highly discriminative features across various scales over both depth and position levels. It makes changes of depth or spatial sensitive features in pest images more visible during downsampling. Next, an improved pest localization module named Local activated Region Proposal Network (LaRPN) is proposed to find the precise pest objects’ positions by augmenting contextualized and attentional information for \nfeature completion and enhancement in local level. The approach is evaluated on our 7-year large-scale pest dataset containing 88.6K images (16 types of pests) with 582.1K manually labelled pest objects. The experimental results show that our solution performs over 75.03% mAP in industrial circumstances, which outweighs two other state-of-the-art methods: Faster R-CNN with mAP up to 70% and FPN mAP up to 72%. Our code and dataset will be made publicly available.
THE USE PICCO TECHNOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HEART AND SYSTEMIC GEODYNAMICS DURING ORTHOTOPIC HEART TRANSPLANTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. Approximately 5000 heart transplants are performed annually in the world. According to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/ Heart Failure Society of America (ACC/AHA/HFSA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), there are currently more people on the waiting list for heart transplants than there are donor organs available. The Ukrainian National Waiting List of the Unified State Transplantation Information System contains more than 2,000 patients, of whom about 500 need a heart transplant. Objective. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of haemodynamic monitoring using a continuous analysis system for measuring pulse waveform and transpulmonary thermodilution and its impact on orthotopic heart transplantation. Materials and methods. The work is based on the results of 30 recipients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. The average age of the recipients was 41.4±3.2 years. There were 90 % of male recipients and 10 % of female recipients. All recipients were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction with an average of 18 ± 4.4 %. All patients underwent heart transplantation using PiCCO hemodynamic monitoring, which assessed the optimality of fluid, inotropic and vasopressor therapy with analysis of changes in the functional state of systemic hemodynamic (blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, cardiac index, cardiac output, global end-diastolic volume index, extravascular lung water index, systemic vascular resistance and global ejection fraction) at the time of donor heart inclusion in the recipient’s circulation Results. It was found that all patients had a reduced ejection fraction. In 100% of patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation, PiCCO monitoring was used, which showed cardiac dysfunction with a reduced cardiac index of 1.90 ± 0.24 l/min/m on average, global end-diastolic blood volume index was 571 ± 163.7 ml/m2 and was reduced, reflecting a decrease in preload. While the extravascular water index in the lungs averaged 9.2 ± 1.41 ml/kg of body weight and was increased, indicating possible pulmonary oedema at the beginning of surgery. Conclusions. PiCCO monitoring allows real-time diagnosis of functional changes in the myocardium, differentiation of major circulatory disorders in patients with involvement of vital organs and systems, including breathing (gas exchange), classification of haemodynamic disorders and timely correction. During the study, PiCCO monitoring revealed an improvement in extravascular lung water in 95 % of patients by the end of CPR, which made it possible to adequately treat these disorders and prevent pulmonary oedema, provide adequate correction with inotropic support and balance postload with the systemic vascular resistance index and improve the cardiac index by 99.1 %.
Changes in Global Gene Expression and Auxin Dynamics During Embryo Development in Conifers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conifers are of great economical importance, but our knowledge about how the development of conifers is regulated is limited. The over-all aim of this study has been to gain a better understanding of the molecular regulation of embryo development in conifers. This can in turn lead to improved methods in forest tree biotechnology and give insights into the evolution of land-plants. We have used somatic embryos to study early stages during embryo development, with a focus on global changes in gene expression and auxin dynamics. \n \nGlobal changes in gene expression during early embryo development in Norway spruce (Picea abies) were analyzed by using a microarray spotted with 12,536 cDNA clones. This allowed us to pinpoint important molecular events like the establishment of different domains and boundary regions, "nurse cells" having a megagametophyte signaling function and a switch from embryonal to vegetative development. \n \nUtilizing the same microarray production used for Norway spruce, we studied comparable stages during Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) early embryo development, and identified processes such as the initiation of pattern formation. A comparison with the Norway spruce microarray revealed a possible delay in the onset of programmed cell death and polar auxin transport. These are differences that could account for problems with recalcitrance in Scots pine. \n \nTwo auxin responsive reporter constructs were used to monitor the dynamics of auxin during embryo development in Norway spruce. We could show that auxin is first synthesized and accumulated in the suspensor of early embryos, and that the site of synthesis is shifted to the embryonal mass in late embryos while polar auxin transport relocates the auxin in a basal direction. In maturing embryos, auxin is synthesized in the basal part and distributed throughout the embryo by polar transport. \n \nTaken together, this study has revealed important processes during embryo development in Norway spruce and Scots pine and also shown how auxin is dynamically distributed during embryo development in Norway spruce.
Power output and force-velocity relationship of red and white muscle fibres from the Pacific blue marlin (Makaira nigricans)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Single white fibres and small bundles (two to three) of red fibres were isolated from the trunk muscle of Pacific Blue Marlin (50-121 kg body weight). Fibres were chemically skinned with 1 % Brij. Maximum Ca2+-activated force production (Po) was 57 kN m−2 for red fibres and 176 kN m−2 for white fibres at 25 °C. The force-velocity (P-V) characteristics of these fibres were determined at 15 and 25 °C. Points below 0·6 Po on the P-V curve could be fitted to a linear form of Hill’s equation. The degree of curvature of the P-V curve was similar at 15 and 25 °C (Hill’s constant a/P0 = 0·24 and 0·12 for red and white fibres respectively). Extrapolated maximum contraction velocities (Vmax) were 2·5 muscle lengths s−1 (LOS−1) (red fibres) and 5·3 Los−1 (white fibres) at 25 °C. Q10(15-25°C) values for Vmax were 1·4 and 1·3 for red and white fibres respectively. Maximum power output had a similar low temperature dependence and amounted to 13Wkg−1 for red and 57Wkg’ for white muscle at 25 °C. The results are briefly discussed in relation to the locomotion and ecology of marlin.