jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A fractional-N frequency divider for multi-standard wireless transceiver fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid evolution of wireless communication technology, integrating various communication modes in a mobile terminal has become the popular trend. Because of this, multi-standard wireless technology is one of the hot spots in current research. This paper presents a wideband fractional-N frequency divider of the multi-standard wireless transceiver for many applications. High-speed divider-by-2 with traditional source-coupled-logic is designed for very wide band usage. Phase switching technique and a chain of divider-by-2/3 are applied to the programmable frequency divider with 0.5 step. The phase noise of the whole frequency synthesizer will be decreased by the narrower step of programmable frequency divider. Δ–Σ modulator is achieved by an improved MASH 1-1-1 structure. This structure has excellent performance in many ways, such as noise, spur and input dynamic range. Fabricated in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS process, the fractional-N frequency divider occupies a chip area of 1130 × 510 μm2 and it can correctly divide within the frequency range of 0.8–9 GHz. With 1.8 V supply voltage, its division ratio ranges from 62.5 to 254 and the total current consumption is 29 mA.
Implementation of SMOTE and whale optimization algorithm on breast cancer classification using backpropagation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Breast cancer, which is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, is the primary cause of mortality among women worldwide. The unchecked proliferation of cells leads to the formation of a mass or tumor. Generally, the absence of timely and efficient treatment contributes to this phenomenon. To prevent breast cancer, one of the strategies involves the classification of malignant and non-malignant types. For this particular investigation, the Breast Cancer Wisconsin dataset (original) comprising 699 instances with 11 classes and 1 target attribute was utilized. Synthetic Minority Oversampling (SMOTE) was employed to balance the dataset, with the Backpropagation classification algorithm and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) serving as optimization techniques. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the impact of the backpropagation method and SMOTE, examine the effect of the backpropagation method in conjunction with WOA, and assess the outcome of using the backpropagation method and SMOTE after incorporating WOA. The evaluation of the study's findings was performed using a confusion matrix and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metric. The research outcomes based on the application of backpropagation yielded an accuracy rate of 96%, precision of 94%, recall of 95%, and an AUC of 96%. Subsequently, upon implementing SMOTE and WOA, the performance of the backpropagation method improved, resulting in an accuracy rate of 99%, precision of 97%, recall of 97%, and an AUC of 98%. This notable enhancement in performance suggests that the utilization of SMOTE and WOA effectively enhances accuracy. However, it is important to note that the observed improvements are relatively modest in nature.
Governance of VET systems in international context: models, concepts and evaluation tool and implementation examples

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses first the importance of governance for the steering and coordination of vocational education and training [VET] systems. Secondly three different kind of VET systems (state, market and mixed) are discussed and in particular the mixed model. The focus of the methodology is on national and/or local experts who are concerned with management and governance of their VET systems. The outline of the governance evaluation tool will be enrolled and its exemplary use in European studies. The intention is to provide support for the assessment of governance mechanisms in VET by means of expert or stakeholder workshops (Deitmer 2011a, Rauner, Wittig 2013) and allow a monitoring of the current state of affairs with regard to the governance and management of selected VET systems and an in-depth evaluation of selected factors and dimensions of VET governance systems by national experts. In the conclusion [the author] summarizes some key statements based on the Commission for Innovative Apprenticeship (INAP) suggestion and argues that [the proposed] instrument is an open instrument insofar that it allows usage across different VET cultures.
Multi-modality imaging of uveal melanomas using combined PET/CT, high-resolution PET and MR imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary We investigated the efficacy of combined FDG-PET/CT imaging for the diagnosis of small-size uveal melanomas and the feasibility of combining separate, high-resolution (HR) FDG-PET with MRI for its improved localization and detection. Patients, methods: 3 patients with small-size uveal melanomas (0.2–1.5 ml) were imaged on a combined whole-body PET/CT, a HR brain-PET, and a 1.5 T MRI. Static, contrast-enhanced FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed of head and torso with CT contrast enhancement. HR PET imaging was performed in dynamic mode 0–180 min post-injection of FDG. MRI imaging was performed using a high-resolution small-loop-coil placed over the eye in question with T2–3D-TSE and T1–3D-SE with 18 ml Gd-contrast. Patients had their eyes shaded during the scans. Lesion visibility on high-resolution FDGPET images was graded for confidence: 1: none, 2: suggestive, 3: clear. Mean tumour activity was calculated for summed image frames that resulted in confidence grades 2 and 3. Whole-body FDG-PET/CT images were reviewed for lesions. PET-MRI and PET/ CT-MRI images of the head were co-registered for potentially improved lesion delineation. Results: Whole-body FDG-PET/CT images of 3/3 patients were positive for uveal melanomas and negative for disseminated disease. HR FDG-PET was positive already in the early time frames. One patient exhibited rising tumour activity with increasing uptake time on FDG-PET. MRI images of the eye were co-registered successfully to FDG-PET/CT using a manual alignment approach. Conclusions: Small-size uveal melanomas can be detected with whole-body FDG-PET/CT. This feasibility study suggests the exploration of HR FDG-PET in order to provide additional diagnostic information on patients with uveal melanomas. First results support extended uptake times and high-sensitivity PET for improved tumour visibility. MRI/PET co-registration is feasible and provides correlated functional and anatomical information that may support alternative therapy regimens.
Implications and Consequences of SL(2R) as Invariance Group in the Description of Complex Systems Dynamics from a Multifractal Perspective of Motion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Possible implications and consequences of using SL(2R) as invariance groups in the description at any scale resolution of the dynamics of any complex system are analyzed. From this perspective and based on Jaynes’ remark (any circumstance left unspecified in the description of any complex system dynamics has the concrete expression in the existence of an invariance group), in the present paper one specifies such unspecified circumstances that result directly from the consideration of the canonical formalism induced by the SL(2R) as invariance group. It follows that both the Hamiltonian function and the Guassian distribution acquire the status of invariant group functions, the parameters that define the Hamiltonian acquire statistical significances based on a principle of maximizing informational energy, the class of statistical hypotheses specific to Gaussians of the same average acts as transitivity manifolds of the group (transitivity manifolds which can be correlated with the multifractal-non-multifractal scale transitions), joint invariant functions induced through SL(2R) groups isomorphism (the SL(2R) variables group, and the SL(2R) parameters group, etc.). For an ensemble of oscillators of the same frequency, the unspecified circumstances return to the ignorance of the amplitude and phase of each of the oscillators, which forces the recourse to a statistical ensemble traversed by the transformations of the Barbilian-type group. Finally, the model is validated based on numerical simulations and experimental results that refer to transient phenomena in ablation plasmas. The novelty of our model resides in the fact that fractalization through stochasticization is imposed through group invariance, situation in which the group’s transitivity manifolds can be correlated with the scale resolution.
Preparation and characterization of 6‐substituted 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The lithium 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐6‐ide ( 1 ) prepared from 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and n ‐butyllithium reacts with alkyl halides and carbonyl compounds such as benzophenone, acetophenone, and benzaldehyde to give 6‐substituted DBU derivatives in good yields. The reaction behavior of 6‐substi‐tuted DBU was also investigated.
The Athenian Institution of the Khoregia: The Chorus, The City and The Stage (review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For anyone well versed in the terminology and the debates over the civic implications of ancient Greek drama, Peter Wilson's book will prove a thought-provoking, possibly revolutionary, examination of one area that has received relatively little critical attention, namely the khoregia, or institution of selecting among wealthy men who competed to fund a dramatic or dithyrambic chorus. Wilson analyzes the khoregia as one of the most interesting aspects of the "civic system of leitourgiai" (duties) (26), which called upon the wealthiest citizens of Athens to spend their own money for the good of the city (and for their own recognition). For the general theatre scholar, Wilson's arguments can prove difficult to follow, in part due to the enormous number of sources cited and his almost encyclopedic knowledge of the subject, which sometimes obscures the points he is trying to make. He presents, nonetheless, a fascinating area of study.
Penciclovir: a review of its spectrum of activity, selectivity, and cross-resistance pattern

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antiherpesvirus agent penciclovir has been evaluated extensively in cell culture. The spectrum of activity of penciclovir against human herpesviruses is similar to that of acyclovir, both compounds having good activity against herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Like acyclovir, penciclovir has slight activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV). The susceptibility of recent clinical isolates was not influenced by geographical origin. The activity of penciclovir was examined in several antiviral assays (plaque reduction, virus antigen, virus yield, and viral DNA inhibition) and in many different host cells (fibroblast, epithelial-like, keratinocyte). The comparative activity of penciclovir and acyclovir depended on both the host cell and the assay and, while in certain circumstances penciclovir was more active than acyclovir, overall the activities of the two compounds were considered comparable. Both compounds were highly selective antiviral agents with minimal effects on a wide range of representative, proliferating human cells. The inhibition of a variety of acyclovir-resistant strains has been examined and, as expected, thymidine kinase-negative strains were resistant to both penciclovir and acyclovir. The majority of acyclovir-resistant HSV and VZV clinical strains were cross-resistant to penciclovir. However, certain acyclovir-resistant strains, some of which were of clinical origin and all of which expressed altered thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase, were susceptible to penciclovir. In addition, a series of foscarnet-resistant HSV isolates appeared to be susceptible to both penciclovir and acyclovir. These results led to the evaluation of penciclovir in further cell culture studies, and also in animal models. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of penciclovir has also been investigated. Since the oral absorption of penciclovir in animals was poor, an oral form, famciclovir, was selected which gave improved oral bioavailability of penciclovir.
The b-Subunit of the Arabidopsis G protein negatively regulates auxin-induced cell division and affects multiple developmental processes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plant cells respond to low concentrations of auxin by cell expansion, and at a slightly higher concentration, these cells divide. Previous work revealed that null mutants of the alpha-subunit of a putative heterotrimeric G protein (GPA1) have reduced cell division. Here, we show that this prototypical G protein complex acts mechanistically by controlling auxin sensitivity toward cell division. Loss-of-function G protein mutants have altered auxin-mediated cell division throughout development, especially during the auxin-induced formation of lateral and adventitious root primordia. Ectopic expression of the wild-type Galpha-subunit phenocopies the Gbeta mutants (auxin hypersensitivity), probably by sequestering the Gbetagamma-subunits, whereas overexpression of Gbeta reduces auxin sensitivity and a constitutively active (Q222L) mutant Galpha behaves like the wild type. These data are consistent with a model in which Gbetagamma acts as a negative regulator of auxin-induced cell division. Accordingly, basal repression of approximately one-third of the identified auxin-regulated genes (47 of 150 upregulated genes among 8300 quantitated) is lost in the Gbeta transcript-null mutant. Included among these are genes that encode proteins proposed to control cell division in root primordia formation as well as several novel genes. These results suggest that although auxin-regulated cell division is not coupled directly by a G protein, the Gbeta-subunit attenuates this auxin pathway upstream of the control of mRNA steady state levels.
Taḥqiqul Manāth in Madzhab-Contextualization of Non-Muslim Status in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The fatwa or decision of Bahtsul Masail which gave the status of non-Muslim Indonesians given the status of ḥarbi fī dzimmati tta'mīn was corrected by the Nahdlatul Ulama National Conference in Banjar City, West Java in 2019. Using a legal contextuality within the framework of the Imam Syafi'i school of thought, Nahdlatul Ulama 'stated Indonesian non-Muslims as non-Muslims are ordinary citizens who are the same as Muslim citizens and are not included in one of the four categories of kafirs in the schools with all the legal consequences. Contextualization as an effort to understand a law according to its context is carried out so that the law of fiqh madzhab in its application adapts to the changing and different context of reality. Ignorance of changes and differences in context will result in the application of the law of fiqh madzhab which violates the school itself.maḥall al-ḥukmi and ahl al-ḥukmi. The results of the National Conference as a correction to the different previous fatwas were carried out as a necessity so that the application of the law of fiqh madzhab was correct in its application. Not to change the law of the school of fiqh. The four categories of kafir remain in the madzhab as a kulli concept. But implementing it must be appropriatemaḥall al-ḥukmi her.And non-Muslims in Indonesia are not maḥall al-ḥukmi is right for the concept.
Plastic properties of weld after micro-jet cooling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: of that paper was analysing main plastic properties of welds made by MIG method with micro-jet cooling. The main reason of it was investigate possibilities of getting better plastic properties of welds made by MIG method with micro-jet cooling than welds made by ordinary welding method. It is possible because higher amount of acicular ferrite (AF) in WMD (weld metal deposit) is obtained in MIG method with micro-jet cooling in relation to ordinary welding method. Design/methodology/approach: During research Erichsen cupping tests and bending tests were carried out for welds made by MIG method with micro-jet cooling and ordinary welding method. Findings: High amount of acicular ferrite influences positively on plastic properties. Higher value of plastic parameters were observed for welds made by MIG method with micro-jet cooling. Research limitations/implications: That research was made for MIG method only. Another method of welding was not tested. Other methods of welding have not been tested, but it is suspected that similar phenomena are taking place. Practical implications: MIG method with micro-jet cooling `it is way to get better plastic properties of welds in relation to welds made by ordinary welding method. It is very important because it could be used to steering of mechanical properties of welded constructions. Originality/value: In this research welds made by new method of welding (welding with micro-jet cooling) were compare witch welds made by ordinary welding method. New method of welding is very promising and capable of industrial application, mainly due to the significant improvement of weld properties and quality.
What drives U.S. current account fluctuations?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We use a structural VAR with sign restrictions to jointly identify the impact of monetary policy, private absorption, technology and oil price shocks on current account fluctuations in the U.S.. We derive the sign restrictions from theoretical impulse response functions of a DSGE model with oil, ensuring that these are consistent with a broad range of parameter values. We find that a contractionary oil price shock has a negative effect on the current account which lasts for approximately 3 years. We also find that monetary policy shocks and private absorption shocks are the main drivers of historical current account deteriorations in the U.S. Furthermore, monetary policy shocks can explain approximately 60 percent at a one year forecast horizon, although this reduces to around 40 per cent at a 7 year horizon, whilst the oil price explains just under 10 percent of the forecast error variance of the U.S. current account. JEL Classification: E0, F32, F4
Differentiating market offerings using complexity and co‐creation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Customer decision‐making uncertainty (DMU) is a persistent phenomenon in business‐to‐business markets. However, there is substantial variation in the degree to which customers perceive DMU and how suppliers should react to it. The purpose of this paper is to explain variation in customer decision‐making uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach Based on existing industrial buying typologies, this paper proposes a new classification scheme to explain variance in customer decision‐making uncertainty. Market offering complexity and co‐creation are used as defining dimensions in the construction of four archetypal types of industrial market offerings. Findings The paper demonstrates on a theoretical level that customer decision‐making uncertainty is especially prevalent in complex offerings characterized by high degrees of co‐creation. Practical implications This typology helps to provide a more nuanced understanding of the effects of co‐creation on customer value. Firms should adapt their selling approaches to the degree of complexity and co‐creation that they offer their customers. Originality/value The originality of the paper rests in explaining customer decision‐making uncertainty in relation to complexity and co‐creation. Thus, it sheds light on the dark side of co‐creating market offerings.
Endoscopic Management of Post-Esophagectomy Delayed-Gastric-Conduit-Emptying (DGCE): Results from a Cohort Study in a Tertiary Referral Center with Comparison between Procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Delayed Gastric Conduit Emptying (DGCE) occurs in 15-39% of patients who underwent esophagectomy. Intra-Pyloric Injection of Botulinum Toxin (IPBT), Pneumatic Balloon Dilation (PBD), and the same session combination (BTPD), represent the main endoscopic procedures, but comparative data are currently unavailable. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data on all consecutive patients with DGCE treated endoscopically with IPBT, PBD, or BTPD. ISDE Diagnostic Criteria were used for DGCE diagnosis and classification. Gastric Outlet Obstruction Score was used for clinical staging. All patients undergoing IPBT received 100 UI of toxin, while those undergoing PBD were dilated up to 20mm. Clinical success (CS) was defined as the resolution of symptoms/resumption of feeding at discharge or expanding dietary intake at any rate. Recurrence was defined as symptom relapse after more than 15 days of well-being requiring endoscopic/surgical intervention. 64 patients (81.2% male, 90.6% Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, 77.4% adenocarcinoma), median age 62 years (IQR 55-70), were enrolled: 18 (28.1%) in the IPBT group, 24 (37.5%) in the PBD group and 22 (34.4%) in the BTPD group. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics, surgical techniques, and median follow-up among the three groups. BTPD showed a higher CS rate (100%) compared to the PD and BTPD groups (p=0.02) and Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test revealed that the BTPD group was associated both with a significatively shorter mean time to refeed of 1.16 days (95% CI 0.8-1.5; p=0.001) and a shorter median time to discharge of 1 day (95% CI 1-3; p=0.0001). Endoscopic management of DGCE remains challenging. Waiting for further strong evidence, BTPD can offer patients a higher clinical efficacy rate and a shorter time to refeed and be discharged.
A note on 1-motives

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that for $1$-motives defined over an algebraically closed subfield of $\C$, viewed as Nori motives, the motivic Galois group is the Mumford-Tate group. In particular, the Hodge realization of the tannakian category of (Nori) motives generated by $1$-motives is fully faithful.
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria From Fruit Bat (Chironax melanocephalus)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health issues in the world which is commonly attributed to the overuse of antibiotics whether in human or animal treatment.The dispersion of antibiotic resistance genes not only found in bacteria from the clinical sample but also found in wildlife animals.Therefore, the aim of this research is to isolate, identify and perform antibiotic resistance assay in bacterial isolates from fruit bat Chironax melanocephalus.Animal samples were taken by using a mist net installed in one of the spots in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS).Bacteria sample was taken using an oral and rectal swab.The bacteria were then isolated in the laboratory by using xylose lactose deoxycholate (XLD) agar medium.There were two bacteria successfully isolated and identified using 16s rDNA amplification.The identification was performed by comparing the 16s rDNA genes to the two online databases i.e BLAST-N in Genebank and 16s-Based ID in the EzBioCloud database.According to the identification results, isolate 4A.1 was identified as Proteus mirabilis while isolate 5.B.2 is identified as Serratia marcescens.Then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method using four different antibiotics disk i.e oxacillin, cefoxitin, amikacin and amoxicillinclavulanic acid.The resistance profile of each bacteria is different between P. mirabilis and S. marcescens in each antibiotic.However, all isolates were found susceptible against amikacin 30 µg.