jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ischemic Strokes Arriving Too Late for tPA Are an Ideal and Ethical Control Group for Continuing Studies of tPA Efficacy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We were surprised to read the rather unequivocal endorsement 1 by the American Heart Association writing group of carotid endarterectomy (CE) for asymptomatic stenosis of greater than 60%.This position does not represent the viewpoint of all stroke neurologists or surgeons, and some professional groups have recently come to the exact opposite conclusion, not recommending CE for asymptomatic stenosis. 2 The writing group states that CE is beneficial if the surgical complication rate is less than 3%.Current evidence indicates that CE complication rates are not being closely monitored at US hospitals. 3 A recent study found that the surgical complication rates were either unknown or not being monitored at over 50% of teaching hospitals in the United States. 4 In the "real world" of CE practice, it is unlikely that a complication rate this low can be uniformly achieved, and a 1991 analysis of Medicare data found that the death rate associated with CE was 2.3%. 5 In addition, we and others have concerns that the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) results cannot be generalized. 6 -9 Only 4% of the eligible patients were entered into the study. 10 In addition, 29% of the surgeons who applied for participation in the trial were either rejected or did not complete the credentialing process. 11Thus, in the ideal setting for producing a positive surgical result (namely, combining low-surgicalrisk patients with surgeons vetted for their excellence), a statistically significant result was obtained, which may not be clinically meaningful to all clinicians.Finally, for full disclosure, it would be of interest to know how many members of the writing group were actual ACAS participants.This may affect the panel's objectivity, and we would suggest that when controversial studies are involved, future writing groups should include a balance between study participants and nonparticipants.
Facilities: France plans new synchroton source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Confidential proposals to build a third-generation synchrotron radiation source in France are currently being studied by François d'Aubert, the French research minister. A decision on whether – and where – to build the lab, known as SOLEIL, is expected in the next few months. The synchrotron could be ready by 2003, and is expected to cost around FFr l bn (about £108m).
Rho A regulates sustained smooth muscle contraction through cytoskeletal reorganization of HSP27

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ras-related protein Rho p21 regulates various actin-dependent functions, including smooth muscle contraction. However, the precise mechanism of action of Rho p21 is still not clear. We report here that Rho A is a key regulator of agonist-induced contractile effects in rabbit colonic smooth muscle. Endothelin-1 and C 2 ceramide were used. Both seem to activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) through G protein and pp60 src , respectively. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting revealed one form of 21-kDa Rho A that translocated from the cytosol to the membrane in response to stimulation by either endothelin (10 −7 M) or ceramide (10 −7 M) (∼30% increase at 30 s that was sustained at 4 min). The translocation of Rho A to the membrane was confirmed by immunostaining. The translocation of Rho A was inhibited by Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, which ADP ribosylated Rho A, but was not inhibited by the pp60 src inhibitor herbimycin A or by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C, suggesting that Rho A may be upstream of pp60 src and PKC or may belong to a different pathway than these proteins. Both ceramide- and endothelin-induced PI 3-kinase activation was inhibited by C3 exoenzyme pretreatment. However, the C3 exoenzyme inhibited endothelin- but not ceramide-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, indicating that Rho regulates ceramide- and endothelin-induced contraction through different pathways. Furthermore, the dominant negative form of Rho (N19Rho) inhibited the actin binding protein, 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27), reorganization in response to ceramide and endothelin observed under confocal microscopy.
Near sets in pattern similarity distance based classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research is focused on studying the nearness theory, various neighbourhoods of points in proximity spaces and similarity measures which leads to discovering the set patterns in digital images. The problem considered in this thesis is set pattern discovery using topology of digital images and nearness theory and then using the extracted set patterns as the basis for the classification method that is introduced. Visual pattern is the repetition of some forms in a digital image. A visual set pattern is defined as a collection of sets that all of the members of the collection have common features and properties and are all descriptively near a given set called the pattern generator or motif set which itself is a bounded descriptive neighbourhood of a distinguished point of interest in the image. Using the generated set patterns, a classification method is introduced based on the set patterns similarity distance.
[Ultrastructural characteristics of embryonic brain cells in the offspring of alcoholic mothers].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Electron microscopy of brain cells was performed in 20 human embryos at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation. Of these, 13 were delivered at medical abortions from healthy women, and 7 from women with 2nd stage alcoholism. In both groups the electron-dense structures were shown in the perinuclear space of neuro- and glioblasts. In embryos taken from alcoholic mothers, these cells displayed the changes in plasma and mitochondrial membranes structure with appearing inclusions and enhanced development of several organels. The data on ultrastructural changes in alcoholic brain embryonic cells are compared to those in other maternal mental disorders.
Instrumentation and techniques for analysis of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide-producing reactions involving earthworm (Diplocardia longa) bioluminescence.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Earthworm bioluminescence (species Diplocardia longa) is a sensitive tool for determination of peroxide titers in biological systems, with linearity of the standard curve for hydrogen peroxide extending from 10 nmol/L in the assay to greater than 1 mmol/L, and with sensitivity to 2 pmol of peroxide per assay. This assay's insensitivity to extraneous protein, turbidity, and solutes that are not redox active makes it particularly useful for automated or crude sample analysis and for analysis of oxidases and their substrates in coupled reactions. Examples of this latter application we discuss are analyses of glucose and putrescine oxidases and their substrates. In each case linear standard curves are obtained, covering several decades of concentration. The coupled reactions also allow in situ detection of oxidases in electrophoresis gels. We also describe a small, portable photometer system and an on-line computer-controlled instrument system that has facilitated development of these assays and will also allow automatic scanning of bioluminescence in gels. The data-collection and decision-making algorithms of this system are simple and easily adaptable for use in an inexpensive computer-based photometer system.
Cloud Based Optimized Technique for Classification of Covid -19 patients with Convolution Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the year 2020, from the month of January to the present date, the novel corona virus has affected to the life of many. In India especially the second wave of covid-19 has taken the life of many individuals. Not the old people, but also many youngsters also lost their life due to covid infection. Nature of covid-19 varies from person to person and even the doctors not able to decide the kind of medication suggested to the patients. Here Convolution neural network based classification of covid-19 patients with support of cloud platform is proposed which not only classifies the covid-19 patients but also the details of the nature of infection is also stored in cloud and the kind of medication used for a particular kind of nature of covid-19 so that the same kind of medication can be applied on future patients with same nature of affect of covid-19.The proposed model successfully achieved the accuracy of 0.93.
P126 Phenotypic characterisation of suspected small bowel Crohn’s disease with natural language processing of MRE reports

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction

Location and Behaviour are important considerations in the phenotypic characterisation of Crohn's disease. Although enteroscopy and video capsule endoscopy allow direct visualisation of the small bowel mucosa, radiographic examinations (CT and MRI) are less invasive and provide additional information in stricturing and penetrating disease. Such studies tend to be reported in semi-structured free-text which presents a challenge for automated classification of large cohorts. We set out to write a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to extract phenotypic characteristics from the magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) reports of patients with suspected Crohn's disease to help define our local IBD population.

Methods

Reports from 904 consecutive MRE scans in our hospital trust were anonymised and imported into a Microsoft Excel datasheet. A senior gastroenterology trainee encoded phenotypic characteristics of Crohn's disease into new attribute columns to provide a 'ground truth' reference. The anonymised raw dataset was also imported into a Python pandas dataframe for NLP. The NLP algorithm: Separated all words by a single space, converted to lower case and removed superfluous punctuation Corrected spelling of key words using a Levenshtein threshold Identified disease phenotypes by matching regular expressions Excluded negating phrases with pre– and post-concept regular expressions Excluded positive diagnoses documented within a family history Identified the location of Crohn's pathologies from intersection with a set of GI anatomical locations Linked the outputs to the ground truth reference data to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values

Results

Conclusions

The evolution of the regular expressions for the phenotypic characterisation of Crohn's disease through repeated cycles of validation has yielded a powerful tool for the rapid and reliable interpretation of text in semi-structured MRE reports. We propose further refinement of the algorithm to compute (where possible) Montreal classification as well as location, extent and severity of Crohn's-related pathologies. We have previously demonstrated the potential for NLP to understand IBD concept in linked endoscopy and histopathology reports; the addition of radiographic data will further refine the automated characterisation of IBD cohorts from disparate information systems without human intervention.
Fault-Tolerant Control of a Multiphase Series Capacitor Buck Converter in a Master–Slave Configuration for Powering a Particle Accelerator Electromagnet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multiphase DC/DC power converter architectures have recently been investigated for powering the superconducting electromagnets in the High-Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, targeting high-performance figures and reliability. In terms of control, a master–slave voltage/current regulation configuration was previously proposed by the authors as an alternative to other well-known cascaded options. In this work, fault-tolerant features (i.e., diagnosis and reconfiguration under open-circuit switch faults) are incorporated into the aforementioned proposal. These features are highly desirable, as physics experiments—which can last for several hours—should not be interrupted in the event of a recoverable fault in the powering system. Simulation and experimental results are provided, demonstrating the correctness of the proposed fault-tolerant scheme.
Cell signaling abnormalities in cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) encoding intermediate filament proteins associated with the inner nuclear membrane cause diseases known as laminopathies. Most LMNA mutations cause dilated cardiomyopathy with variable skeletal muscular dystrophy. Cell signaling abnormalities have been discovered in hearts of mouse models of cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations that contribute to pathogenesis. These include abnormally increased signaling by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and kinase 2 and other mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and transforming growth factor-β. Preclinical research suggests that specific inhibitors of these abnormally activated cell signaling pathways may be useful in treating human patients with this disease.
Analysis of the economic effect of RCEP under the “Indo-Pacific strategy”: the GTAP model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study reveals the economic impact of the Indo-Pacific Strategy on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the GTAP model to analyze the economic effects of RCEP under the effect of the “Indo-Pacific Strategy” under different scenarios. Findings The results show that (1) with the improvement of the implementation effect of the US “Indo-Pacific Strategy,” the welfare level of China has gradually had a significant negative impact, while the welfare level of US Allies and partners has been further improved. (2) The implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy will further expand the import scale of Japan, South Korea and other Allies that are both RCEP members and the USA and slightly reduce the import scale of the European Union (EU) and other countries. (3) After the USA implemented the “Indo-Pacific Strategy,” its export scale has significantly improved, and it has been able to completely offset the adverse effects of the signing of RCEP on its exports. China's export scale has also gradually declined, and Japan has benefited the most. Originality/value There are three main possible contributions to this article: first, the authors combined geopolitical factors to simulate and evaluate the economic effects of RCEP under different Indo-Pacific Strategy implementation scenarios, which is more relevant than analyzing the economic effects of RCEP in a “vacuum.” Second, the standard static GTAP model can only measure the change of equilibrium state before and after the trade policy. At the same time, the dynamic GTAP model (GTAP-Dyn) introduces mechanisms such as capital flow and capital accumulation and treats time as a continuous variable affected by exogenous variables so that each variable has a time dimension so as better to simulate the medium- and long-term economic effects. This paper refers to the dynamic recursion method of Walmsley (2006) and Yang (2011) to update the base year of the GTAP version 10.0 database to 2020, that is the time when RCEP officially reached 2020. The simulation results of shock variables introduced into the baseline scenario are more reliable. Third, the authors analyze the welfare effect of RCEP and the impact on the import and export of relevant countries from the macrolevel and examine the impact on different products in different countries from the microlevel.
The Therapeutic Use of Music in Critical Care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Music therapy is an area that is oftentimes not widely accepted in the highly technological environment of the critical care unit. This is unfortunate since music has been an integral part of healing dating back to ancient times. An extensive review of nursing research literature indicates physiological and psychological benefits to music therapy. These benefits include reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pain and anxiety, along with increases in tolerance levels for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain. The effectiveness of this intervention is dependent upon how well the individual can relate to the music selection. Music therapy promotes a holistic approach to patient care that the critical care Clinical Nurse Specialist can incorporate into the health care team through advanced practice, education, consultation, research and managerial roles. Music therapy is not to be viewed as an alternative to traditional healing modalities but as a complementary addition to standard nursing practice.
A DFT-D4 investigation of the complexation phenomenon between pentachlorophenol and β-cyclodextrin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on the BLYP-D4 and PBEh-3c composite methods were performed for investigating the encapsulation mode of pentachlorophenol (PCP) inside the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Different quantum chemical parameters such as HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO–LUMO gap were calculated. Complexation energies were computed at the molecular level to provide insight into the inclusion of PCP inside the β-CD cavity. The Independent gradient model (IGM) approach was applied to characterize the non-covalent interactions that occurred during the complex (PCP@β-CD) formation. Two modes of inclusion were considered in this work (modes A and B). Calculated complexation energies as well as the changes in enthalpy, entropy, and free Gibbs energy exhibit negative values for both modes A and B, indicating a thermodynamically favorable process. Weak Van der Waals interactions and one strong intermolecular hydrogen bond act as the main driving forces behind the stabilization of the formed most stable complex. This study was carried out to explore the potential use of the β-CD as a host macrocycle for sensing and capturing pentachlorophenol.
Crustal structure of the conjugate Equatorial Atlantic Margins, derived by gravity anomaly inversion

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The crustal structure of the Equatorial Atlantic conjugate margins (South America and West Africa) has been investigated using 3D gravity anomaly inversion, which allows for (1) the elevated geothermal gradient of the lithosphere following rifting and break-up and (2) magmatic addition to the crust during rifting and break-up. It is therefore particularly suitable for the analysis of rifted margins and their associated ocean basins. Maps of crustal thickness and conjugate-margin stretching, derived from gravity anomaly inversion, are used to illustrate how the Equatorial Atlantic opened as a set of stepped rift-transform segments, rather than as a simple orthogonal rifted margin. The influence of the transform faults and associated oceanic fracture zones is particularly clear when the results of the gravity anomaly inversion are combined with a shaded-relief display of the free-air gravity anomaly. A set of crustal cross-sections has been extracted from the results of the gravity inversion along both equatorial margins. These illustrate the crustal structure of both rifted-margin segments and transform-margin segments. The maps and cross-sections are used to delineate crustal type on the margins as (1) inboard, entirely continental, (2) outboard, entirely oceanic and (3) the ocean–continent transition in between where mixed continental and magmatic crust is likely to be present. For a given parameterization of melt generation the amount of magmatic addition within the ocean–continent transition is predicted by the gravity inversion. One of the strengths of the gravity-inversion technique is that these predictions can be made in the absence of any other directly acquired data. On both margins anomalously thick crust is resolved close to a number of oceanic fracture zones. On the South American margin we believe that this thick crust is probably the result of post-break-up magmatism within what was originally normal-thickness oceanic crust. On the West African margin, however, three possible origins are discussed: (1) continental crust extended oceanwards along the fracture zones; (2) oceanic crust magmatically thickened at the fracture zones; and (3) oceanic crust thickened by transpression along the fracture zones. Gravity inversion alone cannot discriminate between these possibilities. The cross-sections also show that, while ‘normal thickness’ oceanic crust ( c. 7 km) predominates regionally, local areas of thinner ( c. 5 km) and thicker ( c. 10 km) oceanic crust are also present along both margins. Finally, using maps of crustal thickness and thinning factor as input to plate reconstructions, the regional palaeogeography of the Equatorial Atlantic during and after break-up is displayed at 10 Ma increments.
Development of the vibrocasting alumina-spinel ladle nozzles technology for vacuum casting of steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of grain size composition of the coarse-grained part of batch on the properties of alumina-spinel vibrocasting mass (moisture, flowability during vibration) and on the properties of unburned and fired at 1580 °C vibrocasting samples from it has been studied. The optimal grain size composition of the coarse-grained part of the vibrocasting alumina-spinel mass, its moisture content and flowability during vibration, ensuring the achievement of the highest properties of products from it (open porosity 14.3 %, apparent density 3.33 g/cm3, cold crushing strength 365 N/mm2) were established. Taking into account the obtained research results, in JSC “URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy”, experimental ladle nozzles of alumina-spinel composition with high properties (chemical composition, wt. %: Al2O3 — 96.0 %, MgO — 1.5 %, SiO2 — 0.6 %; open porosity 14.0—14.5 %; apparent density 3.32—3.35 g/cm3; cold crushing strength 320—360 N/mm2) were manufactured by the vibration casting method. Industrial tests of these ladle nozzles carried out in service at one of the metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine during vacuum casting of steel from tundish found that, they provide continuous casting of steel from 240 to 450 tons at a temperature of 1580—1650 °C and are characterized by high corrosion resistance (they have insignificant wear of the steel-pouring channel, which does not exceed ~ 3—5 mm). The petrographic studies of a ladle nozzle sample after service established that, due to the contact of molten steel with refractory, a strip up to ~ 0.2 mm wide from spinel forms in it, which restrains the penetration of molten metal through pores and microcracks into the ladle nozzle structure and prevents its wear, thereby increasing its corrosion resistance. As a result of the carried out research, at JSC “URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy”, a technology of vibrocasting alumina-spinel ladle nozzles for vacuum casting of steel from tundish, which is not inferior to the best world analogues in terms of properties, has been developed. The use of high-quality ladle nozzles in vacuum casting of steel from tundish will ensure the production of large-size castings from high-quality steel with increased operational characteristics, which will lead to a longer service life of steel structures and metal parts of machines and mechanisms for consumers in various industries.