jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Formality and informality in the summative assessment of motor vehicle apprentices: a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the interaction of formal and informal attributes of competence‐based assessment. Specifically, it presents evidence from a small qualitative case study of summative assessment practices for competence‐based qualifications within apprenticeships in the motor industry in England. The data are analysed through applying an adaptation of a framework for exploring the interplay of formality and informality in learning. This analysis reveals informal mentoring as a significant element which influences not only the process of assessment, but also its outcomes. We offer different possible interpretations of the data and their analysis, and conclude that, whichever interpretation is adopted, there appears to be a need for greater capacity‐building for assessors at a local level. This could acknowledge a more holistic role for assessors; recognise the importance of assessors’ informal practices in the formal retention and achievement of apprentices; and enhance awareness of inequalities that may be reinforced by both informal and formal attributes of assessment practices.
Einfluss einkettiger Lipide auf das Monooxygenasesystem der Humanleber

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cytochrome P4503A4 is the most important P450 enzyme for drug metabolism in humans because it participates in the metabolism of the majority of drugs with known metabolic pathways. The effect of single-chain phospholipids on CYP3A4 was studied using in vitro preparations of recombinant human CYP3A4 and recombinant human NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase incorporated into a binary vesicular phospholipid system of dilauroyl-phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-serine. Enzyme activity was measured with a direct fluorometric assay using dibenzylfluorescein and the resulting fluorescent product fluorescein. CYP3A4 was inhibited by the myristic acid derivative myristoylcarnitine, IC(50) 25 microM; palmitoyl-L-carnitine, IC(50) 6 microM; monoacyl-sn-glycero-3phospho-[1-D-myoinositol] (L-a-lysophosphatidylinositol), IC(50) 6 microM; L-a-lysophosphatidylcholine (monoacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), IC(50) 2.7 microM; oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid), IC(50) 3 microM, arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid), IC(50) 6 microM; phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid), IC(50) 5 microM. Oleic acid and L-a-lysophosphatidylcholine show competitive inhibition and dissociation coefficients of 1.49 and 2.79 microM, respectively. CYP3A4 was activated by the lauric acid derivative lauroylcarnitine, AC(50) 20 microM; 2-monopalmitoylglycerol, AC(50) 7.5 microM; 2-monooleoylglycerol (2-monoolein), AC(50) 1.9 microM. Whereas AC(50) values depend on the solubility of each lipid, IC(50) values depend on the substrate dibenzylfluorescein. Unsaturated lipids inhibit more than saturated lipids and the inhibitory effect of saturated lipids decreases with the number of carbon atoms. In vitro findings are extrapolated to the likely in vivo situation and an inhibitory effect is suggested for all alkylphosphocholines. It is concluded that modulation of CYP3A4 by single-chain lipids occurs in the micromolar range.
Drug Courts: A Strategy for Managing Drug-Involved Offenders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drug courts are a management strategy designed to use the authority of the courts to reduce crime by changing defendants' drug-using behavior. Drug-involved defendants are diverted to drug courts in exchange for the possibility of dismissed charges or reduced sentences. Judges preside over drug court proceedings and monitor the progress of the defendants. Working in collaboration with prosecutors, defense attorneys, treatment providers, probation agents, and others, judges proscribe sanctions for noncompliance with program requirements and rewards for compliance.
Morphological changes of Lucilia sericata larvae and its significance in forensic medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Survey the morphological changes of Lucilia sericata larvae at different temperature and screen out the indexes deducing larvae age.Methods The necrophagous fly L.sericata were reared at constant temperature of 20 ℃,24 ℃ and 28 ℃ respectively and were tempted to lay eggs with lean pork.One Sample was taken at 12 h intervals till 50% of the larvae were in pupae stage.Then,the anterior spiracle,posterior spiracle and cephalopharyngeal skeleton were investigated through digital image processing combined with morphologic observation.Results The anterior spiracle,posterior spiracle and cephalopharyngeal skeleton regularly changed with daily larval growth.The three indexes including the sclerotizes area of pharyngeal sclerite,the average optical density of pharyngeal sclerite and the posterior spiracle could be used as the ideal indexes of larvae age.Conclusion The regular changes of the three sections at constant temperature would provide some scientific database for the exact deducing of the postmortem interval.
Ischemic Microenvironment‐Responsive Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases caused by ischemia are attracting considerable attention owing to its high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although numerous agents with cardioprotective benefits have been identified, their clinical outcomes are hampered by their low bioavailability, poor drug solubility, and systemic adverse effects. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology provide a new opportunity to effectively deliver drugs for treating ischemia‐related diseases. In particular, cardiac ischemia leads to a characteristic pathological environment called an ischemic microenvironment (IME), significantly different from typical cardiac regions. These remarkable differences between ischemic sites and normal tissues have inspired the development of stimuli‐responsive systems for the targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to damaged cardiomyocytes. Recently, many biomaterials with intelligent properties have been developed to enhance the therapeutic benefits of drugs for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Strategies for stimuli‐responsive drug delivery and release based on IME include reactive oxygen species, pH‐, hypoxia‐, matrix metalloproteinase‐, and platelet‐inspired targeting strategies. In this review, state‐of‐the‐art IME‐responsive biomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia are summarized. Perspectives, limitations, and challenges are also discussed for the further development of innovative and effective approaches to treat ischemic diseases with high effectiveness and biocompatibility.
Occupational medicine in the petroleum industry: an historical perspective.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development of occupational health in the petroleum industry has been reviewed from the early years of the 20th century through the 1970s. Approximately 50 years after its chaotic beginning, the industry began to realize its obligations to its employees and undertook activities that were already standard practice in a number of other business enterprises. After a belated start and slow progress for several decades, by mid-century practically all of the major oil companies were involved in the principal activities of modern occupational health. Significant advances had been made in applying preventive measures in a variety of environments throughout the world. Over the following 30 years the level of clinical practices and the associated professional disciplines of industrial hygiene, toxicology and epidemiology demonstrated the industry's leadership to its peers as well as to society in general.
Impact of Light Flickering on Object Detection Accuracy using Convolutional Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine vision is a key enabling technology in many innovative industries, such as autonomous vehicles, quality inspection, automation and vigilance. Its consistency is crucial for the development of reliable applications. One factor influencing vision systems is lighting, which should be as invariant as possible to allow for consistent image capturing. A threat to consistency is flickering. Light flickering is the high frequency variations in illumination that can happen in some AC-powered lighting systems, such as LED and fluorescent bulbs. The potential impact of flickering in the output confidence of an object detection algorithm is analysed. A neural network algorithm to detect an object under a steady DC-powered light source at 280 lumens was trained. Then, a controlled strobe light was used to assess the confidence of the same model under a pulsating light source at 50 Hz and 100 Hz, mimicking the effects of flickering. The exposure time of the camera was varied across the different frequencies to create 24,000 observations. Statistical analysis proved that flickering can significantly affect the performance of the algorithm, even when not apparent to the human eye. The rationale behind these results is explained, and good practices for setting up similar systems in industrial settings proposed.
VEGF protects bovine aortic endothelial cells from TNF-alpha- and H2O2-induced apoptosis via co-modulatory effects on p38-and p42/p44-CCDPK signaling.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

VEGF protects BAEC from apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha and H2O2, and its co-modulatory effects by activation of p42/p44 CCDPK signaling together with inhibition of p38 CCDPK signaling appear to be an important mechanism for its survival effect on endothelial cells.
Melatonin Improves Laying Performance by Enhancing Intestinal Amino Acids Transport in Hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The high concentration of melatonin (MEL) in the intestinal mucosa suggests that it has a special physiological function in intestine. In hens, previous studies have shown that MEL treatment promoted egg-laying performance. Considering the importance of amino acids (AA) for egg formation, we hypothesized that MEL may enhance the intestinal absorption of AA from the feed, thus promoting egg laying performance. In this study, we supplemented the hens with MEL for two consecutive weeks. The results showed that, compared with control group, feeding with 0.625 mg MEL/kg diets gave rise to higher egg laying rate (by 4.3%, P = 0.016), increased eggshell thickness (by 16.9%, P < 0.01) and albumen height (by 4.5%, P = 0.042). Meanwhile, feeding with 0.625 and 2.5 mg MEL/kg diets could significantly increase serum levels of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and proline. Furthermore, a 0.625 mg MEL/kg diets could significantly increase the expression of PepT1 (by 3949.9%), B0AT (by 6045.9%), b0, +AT (by 603.5%), and EAAT3 (by 412.7%) in the jejunum. Additionally, in the cultured intestinal crypt “organoids,” treatment with 0.5 μM MEL could significantly enhance the expression of PepT1, b0, +AT and EAAT3 mRNAs by 35.4%, 110.0%, and 160.1%, respectively. Detection of MEL concentration in serum and intestinal fluid suggested that lower dosage of MEL feeding was mainly acted on intestine locally, and further increased intestinal antioxidases (GPx-3, SOD-1 or PRDX-3) mRNA expression. Taken together, we demonstrated that MEL feeding in laying hens could locally promote the expression and function of AA transporter in small intestine by up-regulating antioxidases expression, and finally elevate laying performance.
An Exhaustive Conformational Evaluation of the HIV‐1 Inhibitor BMS‐378806 through Theoretical Calculations and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BMS‐378806 ( 1 ) is an azaindole derivative known to interfere with the HIV‐1 entry process by targeting the viral gp120 envelope glycoprotein and inhibiting its interaction to cellular CD4 receptors. To give a detailed comprehension of its conformational features, a theoretical study of 1 was performed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of calculation. Tenths of populated conformations were located and grouped into four families corresponding to the possible arrangements at the two planar amido functions. In agreement with these results, the high‐field 1 H NMR spectrum of 1 , recorded at 248 K, showed four distinct series of signals easily attributable to each family, thus confirming on experimental grounds the very high degree of conformational mobility of the compound. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Financial Literacy in Turkey: A field study to touch base with the OECD

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We measure the level of financial literacy in Turkey using the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) methodology and compare our results with the ones obtained in 14 other countries that has used the same methodology. In our sample, financial knowledge and financial behavior levels are lower than the average of the 14 countries, whereas financial attitude level is around the average. The overall financial literacy score, which is a combination of the three aforementioned aspects, is also lower than the average of the 14 countries. We find that financial behavior is positively related with financial knowledge, female respondents are lagging behind the male respondents in financial literacy, and this lag is bigger than those in the 14 countries. Very young respondents and old respondents are less financially literate, financial literacy score is positively related with income, education, and income stability. Key Words:Financial Awareness, Financial Capability, Financial Literacy, Financial Literacy Score
The Degree of Voluntary Work Management Practice among Students of the School of Sports Sciences at the University of Jordan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the extent of voluntary work management practicing among students of the School of Sports Sciences at the University of Jordan from their point of view. It also assessed the impact of study variables (gender, academic year, cumulative GPA). To achieve the study’s objectives, a descriptive methodology was used, and a questionnaire was constructed for voluntary work management, consisting of 26 items divided into four domains: volunteer activity management, team spirit, policies and systems, and support. The study sample included 113 male and female students. The results showed that the degree of voluntary work management practice among students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences was high from their point of view. The results also indicated no statistically significant differences in voluntary work management practice among students based on the studied variables.
Scholastic Theology [IO Islamic 3009]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scholastic Theology. This manuscript is now IO Islamic 3009 in the India Office collections. [metadata: Otto Loth, A Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, (volume 1), no. 431 here with further notations and hyperlinks]. 431. 3009. Size 91/4 in. by 53/4 in.; foll. 138. Nineteen lines in a page. The first portion of the same Commentary, comprising about one-half of it. It ends with the following passage: قال الثانی ان الاجسام اقول الوجه الثانی من الوجوه الخ. Only the exordium of the preface (to و بعد) is given in this MS. Written in a small Shikastah. After fol. 55 a few leaves are missing. Fol. 100 should be placed after 106. Seal of H. Vansittart (A.H. 1194).
Securing the just-in-time delivery for the after-market : Study at Volvo car customer service

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The thesis has been performed at Volvo Car Customer Service in Gothenburg, Sweden. The output from the study will support Volvo to secure the Just-In-Time delivery of referrals for the after-market. The scope was limited to referrals from pre-planned orders, which occurs when there is no availability in the distribution centre where the orders were placed. Volvo's main warehouse in Europe is the Central Distribution Centre, which process referrals. The warehouse had an ongoing organisational change during this study. The concern was that the change would not lead to optimal conditions for processing referrals for different markets. It was therefore important to preserve the market knowledge in order to maintain a reliable referral service. A qualitative study was used and the information was gathered primarily through semi-structured interviews. Literature was studied both initially and continuously through the study. Analyse of the literature, current situation and data collection generated ideas for possible ways of securing the referral process and improvements. Benchmarking and Workshop was also performed in order to obtain further ideas. The result of this study was an information material containing information about all concerned markets, overview of referral flow and information regarding how the Central Distribution Centre needs to print referrals. The proposals suggested for future work were explained in long- and short-term. The short-term suggestions include use of the developed material in order to preserve the knowledge along with providing correct working conditions. For long-term suggestions focus has been on how to reduce or remove the printing problem. For future work Volvo Car Customer Service should consider these proposals in order to secure and improve the referral service.
The Level of Socio-Economic Development of Polish Provinces in the Period 2005-2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Socio-economic development is a multi-dimensional and highly complex subject. The goal of the current regional policies, which are widely implemented around the world, is to equalize the level of development of regions. In order for these measures to be effective, there is a need for developing methods and its continuous improvement. One method that allows statistical and multidimensional description of the level of socio-economic development is the determination of synthetic measures. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of socio-economic development of Polish provinces in 2005–2020 and to identify groups of provinces with similar levels of development. The applied methods made it possible to create rankings of provinces. The results of the study showed a high spatial differentiation of the level of socio-economic development in Poland. The provinces with the highest level of socio-economic development in terms of selected variables were the Mazowieckie, Dolnośląskie, Pomorskie and Małopolskie provinces, and those with the lowest were the Podkarpackie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Świętokrzyskie.
In vivo cell tracking by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: quantification of leukocyte kinetics.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A technique to measure the kinetics of circulating leukocytes in vivo has been developed. Although leukocyte activation itself is insufficient to cause slowing of leukocyte velocity, the data indicate that leukocyte adherence to endothelium can be induced in the absence of local or systemic activating stimuli.
P746 Prevalence, features and outcomes of splachnic vein thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease. A nationwide, retrospective study from the ENEIDA registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The risk of splanic vein thrombosis (SVT) -as defined as that involving the portal vein and/or its intrahepatic branches, mesenteric, splenic and/or suprahepatic veïns is mainly observed, among others, in inflammatory abdominal conditions. Thromboembolic complications are frequent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is little information on the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and evolution of SVT in patients with IBD. Our aims were to describe the characteristics of SVT in patients with IBD, diagnostic explorations, treatment and evolution. Methods Retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study of the ENEIDA registry with a diagnosis of SVT. In addition to epidemiological and clinical features of IBD, we recorded specifically diagnosis, treatment, disease activity at the time of SVT and outcome of SVT. Results Over 59,000 IBD patients in the ENEIDA registry, only 49 episodes of SVT were identified (35 Crohn’s / 14 Ulcerative Colitis); 69% men, median age 42 years old, 35% smokers. 37% had a past history of surgery and/or abdominal inflammatory conditions, 16% extra-intestinal neoplasia, 23% baseline immune or hematologic conditions and 14% liver disease. Finally, 16% had a previous episode of venous thrombosis. The most frequent forms of clinical presentation were abdominal pain with/without fever (59%), and radiological findings in the setting of active IBD (25%). ST coincided with IBD activity in 76% of cases. The diagnosis of SVT was based in the findings of an abdominal CT in 82%. The most frequent localition of SVT were intrahepatic portal branches (51%) and superior mesenteric vein (47%). Only 47% had a basic aetiological study, and 37% underwent gastroscopy (median 7 months from the diagnosis of SVT) showing oesophageal varices in 67%. Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed in 94% of the episodes (74% within the first month since diagnosis), for a median of 7 months. In 90% of the cases, there was a further radiological assessment, 61% of which showing the resolution of the SVT (median of 5 months from the beginning anticoagulation treatment). Conclusion SVT seems to be a rare (or underdiagnosed) complication in IBD patients, it is mostly associated with disease activity and evolves suitably when anticoagulation therapy is suitably started.
Immunohistochemical identification of serotonin and noradrenalin containing structures within the nerve plexuses of rat ileum.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine (= serotonin = 5-HT) and noradrenalin (NA) in the enteric plexuses of the rat ileum was studied using immunocytochemical techniques. 5-HT-like immunoreactive fibers were observed only in the myenteric plexus, surrounding the ganglionic cells, which are all unreactive. NA-like immunoreactive fibers were present in all layers of the ileum: in the myenteric plexus, they were localized in the nodes, forming a network all round the neuronal perikarya; in the Meissner plexus, positive axons were arranged in a delicate network; submucosal blood vessels were often provided by NA-immunopositive nerve plexus. In the inner circular muscle layer the immunoreactive NA-positive fibers run within nerve bundles mainly parallel with the smooth muscle cells. The 5-HT immunoreactive material was depleted by treatment with reserpine; depletion of NA by 6-hydroxy-dopamine was also observed; on the contrary, no depletion of 5-HT by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine was obtained. To confirm the validity of these results, specific antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic 1-aminoacid-decarboxylase (AADC), two enzymes involved in the synthesis of catecholamines, were used. In conclusion these experiments indicate that 5-HT is present, probably as a transmitter, in certain fibres of the rat myenteric plexus, distributed in a way similar to that of NA-containing fibers. However, at variance with NA fibers, 5-HT fibers are not present in other regions of the intestine wall.