jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impacts of transportation infrastructure proximity and accessibility on real property values

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Investments in public infrastructure such as highways, airports, mass transit, and stadiums can increase adjacent property values, generating a value premium for private developers and adjacent property owners. A portion of this value can be "captured" as public revenue via property taxes to assist financing such improvements. States and local governments aim to anticipate and capture the economic value created by transportation accessibility. While value capture (VC) represents an opportunity for regional agencies to recapture some transportation infrastructure costs, it is not clear how much value is added by the infrastructure in a particular region. This research applies geographic weighted regression (GWR) to quantify the impacts of transportation infrastructure accessibility on real property values in El Paso, Texas. The presence of spatial nonstationarity and heterogeneity confirms that transportation infrastructure proximity and accessibility might generate a premium on real property values, but that such premium is not always positive, and is even negative in some areas. GWR shows that benefits from a transportation facility can be capitalized by parcels even if they are located away from the facility. Finally, GWR maps can assist to better VC policy development by estimating how much value is added by infrastructure projects throughout particular locations.
Examining Spatial Efficiency of Cities Using Fractal Dimension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The dynamic structure of the urban changes and the specification of the parameters affecting this process facilitate the perception, designing and description of the space. The aim of this study is to discuss the urban growth phenomenon based on sustainability principle and the urban macroforms, shaped as the spatial reflection of this phenomenon. The study aims at developing a method suggestion for urban space analysis under the frame of the determined acceptances and limitations to be able to attain these purposes. In this sense, 29 randomly chosen cities are defined as samples fractal sizes are measured. The comparable parameters groups, which are considered to affect the space-filling efficiency of the urban macroforms is formed and whether there is a reasonable relation between fractal dimension value, which is admitted to be the criterion of space-filling efficiency through multiple direct regression analysis. The study is considered to contribute, accompanied by urban macroform parameters which are shaped as urban growth phenomenon and spatial reflection of that phenomenon, over the organization of the space and leading the development. Furthermore, fractal parameter considered that a new method approach based on the space-filling efficiency presented will have a leading role in the future for urban planning.
Onsager-Machlup action functional for stochastic partial differential equations with Levy noise

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work is devoted to deriving the Onsager-Machlup action functional for stochastic partial differential equations with (non-Gaussian) Levy process as well as Gaussian Brownian motion. This is achieved by applying the Girsanov transformation for probability measures and then by a path representation. This enables the investigation of the most probable transition path for infinite dimensional stochastic dynamical systems modeled by stochastic partial differential equations, by minimizing the Onsager-Machlup action functional.
Nonadditive Empirical Force Fields for Short-Chain Linear Alcohols: Methanol to Butanol. Hydration Free Energetics and Kirkwood−Buff Analysis Using Charge Equilibration Models

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Building upon the nonadditive electrostatic force field for alcohols based on the CHARMM charge equilibration (CHEQ) formalism, we introduce atom-pair specific solute-solvent Lennard-Jones (LJ) parameters for alcohol-water interaction force fields targeting improved agreement with experimental hydration free energies of a series of small molecule linear alcohols as well as ab initio water-alcohol geometries and energetics. We consider short-chain, linear alcohols from methanol to butanol as they are canonical small-molecule organic model compounds to represent the hydroxyl chemical functionality for parametrizing biomolecular force fields for proteins. We discuss molecular dynamics simulations of dilute aqueous solutions of methanol and ethanol in TIP4P-FQ water, with particular discussion of solution densities, structure defined in radial distribution functions, electrostatic properties (dipole moment distributions), hydrogen bonding patterns of water, as well as a Kirkwood-Buff (KB) integral analysis. Calculation of the latter provides an assessment of how well classical force fields parametrized to at least semiquantitatively match experimental hydration free energies capture the microscopic structures of dilute alcohol solutions; the latter translate into macroscopic thermodynamic properties through the application of KB analysis. We find that the CHEQ alcohol force fields of this work semiquantitatively match experimental KB integrals for methanol and ethanol mole fractions of 0.1 and 0.2. The force field combination qualitatively captures the concentration dependence of the alcohol-alcohol and water-water KB integrals, but due to inadequacies in the representation of the microscopic structures in such systems (which cannot be parametrized in any systematic fashion), a priori quantitative description of alcohol-water KB integrals remains elusive.
Improved design of two and four-group decodable STBCs with larger diversity product for eight transmit antennas

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, full rate and full diversity two-group (2Gp) and four-group (4Gp) decodable space-time block codes (STBC) derived from quasi-orthogonal STBC (QSTBC) and designed under diversity product maximization criterion have been proposed. In this paper, we derive an upper bound of diversity product for those STBCs and discover that the diversity product of the current 2Gp-QSTBC and 4Gp-QSTBC has the potential to approach the upper bound for 8 transmit antennas. To this end, we propose an improved design of 2Gp and 4Gp STBC with increased diversity product for 8 transmit antennas by allowing sufficient number of dimensions for constellation rotation. The diversity product of the proposed two-group decodable STBC achieves the derived upper bound.
RED BLOOD CELLS COATED WITH TUMOR CELL EXTRACTS AS TARGETS IN 51Cr RELEASE ASSAYS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Sheep red‐blood cells were coated with tumor cell antigens prepared by extractions with 3M KCI. The coated cells were labelled with 51 Cr and used as targets in immuno‐assays. The technique was found suitable for complement‐mediated as well as antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated reactions, and it offers several applications for use in tumor immunology.
Service process in outpatient pharmacy in our hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To improve the service quality and efficiency of outpatient pharmacy.Methods We established the label dispensing system through adjusting the proportion of dispensers,guiding patients with LED screen,and flexible scheduling system to optimize the service process in outpatient pharmacy.Results The waiting time of patients was shortened and the quality of dispensing and pharmacy service was improved.Conclusion The service process in the outpatient pharmacy in our hospital is obviously improved.
Viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model with non-constant parameters for brittle rock under high stress conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Under the long-term effect of high stress, the stability problem caused by the time-dependent deformation of brittle surrounding rock in deep engineering is becoming more and more prominent. The accurate description of the effectiveness of brittle rock is an important basis for the prediction of mechanical response and the stability evaluation of surrounding rock in deep engineering. To describe the accelerated time-dependent deformation behavior of brittle rock, a Newtonian body with non-constant parameters considering the effects of stress state is proposed. Combined with the improved Burgers model, a viscoelastic model with non-constant parameters of brittle rock is developed. The effects of time, delay coefficient, and stress level on the viscosity coefficient, as well as the influence of delay coefficient and initial viscosity coefficient on the accelerated time-dependent deformation, are examined. The results show that (1) the viscosity coefficient decreases with time and increases with the delay coefficient, while the attenuation rate increases; (2) the viscosity coefficient decreases with increasing stress level, and its attenuation rate increases with time; (3) with the increase of the delay coefficient, the nonlinear characteristics of the accelerated phase of the rock time-dependent deformation curve become more and more obvious; and (4) as the initial viscosity coefficient increases, the nonlinear characteristics of the accelerated phase of the time-dependent deformation curve become less and less obvious. The above laws fully reflect the evolutionary law of the nonlinear time-dependent deformation of rock. By comparing the results of the marble creep test with theoretical predictions, we found that when the stress limit is exceeded, the established model can well describe the initial attenuation, steady state, and accelerated characteristics of the rock time-dependent deformation curve, thus verifying the ability of the proposed model to describe the accelerated creep behavior, as well as the overall rationality of the model.
Origin of red‐yellow mottling in a Ferric Acrisol of southern Spain

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We studied the spatial distribution of the amount and types of Fe oxides in a Ferric Acrisol having a red‐yellow mottled horizon. Red mottles contain hematite and goethite; yellow mottles have goethite but in amounts markedly smaller than those of the contiguous red mottles. We think that reductive dissolution caused the disappearance of the hematite and part of the goethite in the yellow mottles. This is supported by the experimental dissolution of the iron oxides of the clay fractions: hematite dissolved, on the average, at a rate twice of that of goethite.
Analyse du bilan d'énergie d'un glacier tropical : application à la relation glacier-climat

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tropical glaciers are known to be very sensitive climatic indicators. To link the fluctuations of their mass baIance to climate changes, we have realised a surface energy balance on Zongo Glacier (16°S), Bolivia, between march 96 and august 98. This work presents firstly, the methods used to derive the local energy balance on this glacier, and secondly, the interest of such a study to better understand the functioning of the glacier and its relation with the local climate. In the first part, a detailed description of the local climate is made from the records of several automatic meteorological stations installed on Zongo Glacier. Tropical glaciers are submitted to air temperature and incident solar radiation very little variable throughout the year, although the discharge of the proglacial stream escaping from the glacier is highly seasonal. To understand which energy fluxes are responsible for the seasonality of the surface melting on the glacier, we have calculated the energy balance on a point of the ablation area, at 5150 m. The energy balance shows a special functioning of tropical glaciers. Like for the glaciers of higher latitudes, the albedo is a very important parameter controlling the amount of energy available for surface melting. But the main peculiarity of these glaciers comes from the strong consumption of energy as latent heat flux, which corresponds to high sublimation. Moreover, the latent heat flux is very variable with seasons which explains the seasonality of the proglacial stream discharge. Indeed, during the dry season, sublimation is the highest and therefore, very little energy remains for melting explaining why discharge is low. The reverse situation is observed during the humid season. On the time scale of the entire measuring period, the very negative mass balance of the 1997-98 El Nino year is mainly explained by a deficit of precipitation, responsible for a sharp decrease of the mean annuai albedo. The reduced snow cover of the 1997-98 accumulation season has disappeared faster than during the previous year, leaving dirty ice surfaces of very low albedo on larger areas than usually, and during a longer period. Moreover, higher sensible heat flux and lower sublimation have both contributed to increase the surface melting which also reduced glacier mass balance.
Freedom of Expression of Judges and the Influence of Social Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and its recent decision (Żurek v Poland, application no. 39650/19), continues to shape standards for judges’ freedom of expression, including standards to protect judges who speak out against detrimental judicial reforms and use of social networks by judges. As new cases emerge and soft law instruments are developed, the topic remains highly relevant and will continue to pose challenges for judges in the years to come. Judges in some EU members States face unprecedented challenges to the rule of law, as evidenced by judicial reforms in countries like Poland and Hungary. The erosion of judicial independence and impartiality in this context underscores the importance of judges’ freedom of expression as a safeguard against threats to the rule of law. Raising awareness on this issue should equip judges with legal knowledge and procedural safeguards necessary to navigate the complexities of their professional roles while upholding fundamental principles of judicial independence and integrity. Furthermore, social networks have revolutionised communication in modern society, including judges. While use of social media by judges can enhance transparency and public engagement, it also raises concerns about the appropriateness of their communication, especially regarding impartiality. Judges must navigate the blurred lines between their private and public personas on social media platforms, as their actions and interaction can have implications for their perceived impartiality and judicial integrity. While there are articles devoted to the analysis of the judges’ freedom of expression in constitutional crises in this paper authors are providing a comparative analysis of social media usage guidelines for judges and jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to identify a proper balance between exercising the freedom of expression by judges and the limitations posed by interest of judicial independence, impartiality and public trust in judiciary and specific issues relate to the use of social networks.
Attitudes to Nursing Among Intelligent Schoolgirls

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the spring of 1963 a survey was made among bright school- girls to establish the amount of interest shown in nursing as a career.Six schools were sampled in the north-east region of the West Riding of Yorkshire, an area bounded roughly by Leeds, Keighley, Bradford, and Wakefield.'There were 302 girls in the total sample, and all were preparing to take the summer G.C.E." 0 " level examination.Their average age was inferred to be about 16 years, since all but three were either 15 or 16 years of age and there were roughly equal numbers of each.Girls of this ability and age represent approximately 15% of such girls in the region, which is predominantly an area of urban development.All the girls had completed a three-page careers questionary at school.It was explained that the questionary was about their career hopes and intentions, that they were not required to give their names, and that they could feel free, therefore, to say honestly and exactly what they thought in answering the questions.In fact, a reference to nursing was not intro- duced until midway through the questionary. ResultsOf the 302 girls in the sample 202 (67 %) expressed no interest whatever in nursing and 100 (33%) expressed some interest; of the latter, 60 (20 %) expressed a moderate, or qualified, degree of interest and 40 (13%) expressed a strong and unqualified degree of interest.Judging from their relevant responses, we would expect that girls in the " moderate interest " group might ultimately offer themselves for recruitment, and that those in the "strong interest " group would so offer themselves-provided, of course, that their attitudes to nursing remained substantially the same from the time of this survey to the likely time of their recruit- ment, an interval of approximately two years.During that interval at least one experience occurs that could affect career attitudes and aspirations-namely, learning the results of their G.C.E." 0 " level examinations.If we assume that strongly expressed career attractions are reasonably stable in intelligent girls aged 15 and 16 years, this survey implies an annual pool of approximately 260 girls in the region who are at least keenly interested in and of the appropriate intellectual calibre for nursing, which is more than adequate to satisfy existing needs.If there is any local complaint of recruitment difficulties, some of the blame would appear to lie in inadequate recruitment policies and procedures.Are these.girlsbeing attracted into other employment by more visible and persuasive recruitment technique, or are their career The schools comprised two direct-grant grammar schools, one State- maintained grammar school, one State-maintained co-educational grammar school, one co-educational secondary technical school, and one co-educational secondary modern school.
Due Process and Higher Education: A Systemic Approach to Fair Decision Making

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report reviews the definition of and describes its evolution as a legal principle. It then explains how academic presidents, deans, department chairs, and professors should handle due process in their day-to-day work. Readers will find a new systemic framework for improved decision making, including case studies that offer a more comprehensive explanation of due process and its implications for campus life.
Self-Formed High-Aspect-Ratio Polymer Nanopillars by RIE

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a novel fabrication process of self-formed polymer nanopillars by reactive ion etching (RIE) is proposed. During this one-step RIE process, polymer nanopillars were generated adjacent XPS surface analysisto glass slide that was partially covered on treated polymer of either PDMS or parylene C. The surface morphologies and water contact angles were compared for different RIE parameters of RF-power and etching time. The aspect-ratio and water contact angle of nanopillar could reach 10 and 162.6deg, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of this novel fabrication process was established based on the evidences of nanopillar distribution and XPS surface analysis.
[IC-kmedoids: a clustering algorithm for RNA secondary structure prediction].

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the minimum free energy model, it is very important to predict the RNA secondary structure accurately and efficiently from the suboptimal foldings. Using clustering techniques in analyzing the suboptimal structures could effectively improve the prediction accuracy. An improved k-medoids cluster method is proposed to make this a better accuracy with the RBP score and the incremental candidate set of medoids matrix in this paper. The algorithm optimizes initial medoids through an expanding medoids candidate sets gradually. The predicted results indicated this algorithm could get a higher value of CH and significantly shorten the time for calculating clustering RNA folding structures.
Controversial Intangible Heritage in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article documents and discusses intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia. Dealing with intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia must be seen in the context of a long period of colonization, extremely high cultural diversity and a still young nation. In Indonesia today, intangible heritage exists in a diverse political context of cultural policy, museum policy and religious policy. It also plays a role in national art debates and as an economic resource, for example for tourism. Controversies arise from conflicting local, regional and national interests. The current debates are strongly influenced by the postcolonial relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands as a former colonial power and revolve heavily around repatriation.
The six-minute walking test in patients with severe COPD: What conditions are matters?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The distance walked during a Six-Minute Walk Test (6 MWD) is used for following the natural history of COPD, for assessing the response to therapeutic interventions, to estimate the prognosis in BODE index, in cardiology it is used to estimation of the chronic heart failure. Normally patients with COPD III and IV stage are patients with polypatology.

Aim: to investigate the pathologic conditions which influence on the 6 MWD in severe COPD patents with and without exacerbation.

Methods : 120 patients were clinically and functionally investigated in the study during and after hospitalization in the pulmonology department. Additionally for 16 patients was performed gated blood pool single photon emission computer tomography (gbSPECT) and proBNP measurement.

Results :

View this table:

Conclusion: in patients with COPD during disease exacerbation the main 6MWD limiting factors are respiratory function failure, hypoxia and muscle dysfunction. In stable state left and right heart dysfunction even without clinically significant heart failure contribute to 6MWD limitation.
Occurrence of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Collected from a Layer Farm in Yogyakarta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Objective: Culicoides spp.compose the most studied vector genera and contain the species that is a vector of Leucocytozoon, the parasite that causes leucocytozoonosis.One hundred species of Culicoides spp.inhabit Indonesia and are scattered among 19 provinces, with great diversity in each region.The aim of this research was to study the species diversity and the dominance of Culicoides on layer farms.Methodology: Midges were obtained from layer farms in Sentolo, Kulon Progo (altitude ±78 m); Pakem, Sleman (altitude ±371 m) and Cangkringan, Sleman (altitude ±745 m).Midges were collected using a light trap (New Jersey Standard #2858) for 12 h, from 6 pm-6 am.Identification was performed using dissecting microscope and classified using the identification key of Wirth and Hubert.Results: Eight species were found in this study: Culicoides arakawae, C. huffi, C. oxystoma, C. guttifer, C. sumatrae, C. peregrinus, C. palpifer and C. fulvus.There was diversity in the species collected from the three research areas.Culicoides arakawae was the dominant species found in Sentolo; in Pakem, the most collected species was C. huffi and in Cangkringan, it was C. fulvus.Conclusion: There was a difference in the number of midges collected from the areas with differing topography.The largest collection of Culicoides (270 midges) was obtained from Sentolo subdistrict, Kulon Progo Regency.