jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the compactification of strongly pseudoconvex surfaces. II

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A complete answer to the following question is given: When is an algebraic surface M M a compactification of some strongly pseudoconvex surface? In particular, we show this will not be the case if M M is either P 2 {{\mathbf {P}}_2} , a quadric, an abelian surface, or a hyperelliptic surface. On the other hand, by constructing specific examples, we show that this will be the case for all other algebraic surfaces. Furthermore, we prove that any compactifiable strongly pseudoconvex surface is quasi-projective.
Spatial Visualization of A-to-I Editing in Cells Using Endonuclease V Immunostaining Assay (EndoVIA)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is one of the most widespread post-transcriptional RNA modifications and is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Varying across tissue types, A-to-I editing is essential for numerous biological functions, and dysregulation leads to autoimmune and neurological disorders, as well as cancer. Recent evidence has also revealed a link between RNA localization and A-to-I editing, yet understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its biological impact remains limited. Current methods rely primarily on in vitro characterization of extracted RNA that ultimately erases subcellular localization and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. To address these challenges, we have repurposed endonuclease V (EndoV), a magnesium-dependent ribonuclease that cleaves inosine bases in edited RNA, to selectively bind and detect A-to-I edited RNA in cells. The work herein introduces an endonuclease V immunostaining assay (EndoVIA), a workflow that provides spatial visualization of edited transcripts, enables rapid quantification of overall inosine abundance, and maps the landscape of A-to-I editing within the transcriptome at the nanoscopic level.
The clinical and genetic characteristics of permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) in the state of Qatar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare condition that occurs within the first six months of life. Permanent NDM (PNDM) is caused by mutations in specific genes that are known for their expression at early and/or late stages of pancreatic beta‐ cell development, and are either involved in beta‐cell survival, insulin processing, regulation, and release. The native population in Qatar continues to practice consanguineous marriages that lead to a high level of homozygosity. To our knowledge, there is no previous report on the genomics of NDM among the Qatari population. The aims of the current study are to identify patients with NDM diagnosed between 2001 and 2016, and examine their clinical and genetic characteristics. Methods To calculate the incidence of PNDM, all patients with PNDM diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 were compared to the total number of live births over the 16‐year‐period. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the genetic etiology in the PNDM cohort. Results PNDM was diagnosed in nine ( n = 9) patients with an estimated incidence rate of 1:22,938 live births among the indigenous Qatari. Seven different mutations in six genes ( PTF1A, GCK, SLC2A2, EIF2AK3, INS, and HNF1B ) were identified. In the majority of cases, the genetic etiology was part of a previously identified autosomal recessive disorder. Two novel de novo mutations were identified in INS and HNF1B . Conclusion Qatar has the second highest reported incidence of PNDM worldwide. A majority of PNDM cases present as rare familial autosomal recessive disorders. Pancreas associated transcription factor 1a ( PTF1A) enhancer deletions are the most common cause of PNDM in Qatar, with only a few previous cases reported in the literature.
A study on CDL hospitality trusts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This report provides an in-depth analysis on CDL Hospitality Trusts (CDLHT), the first and only hospitality Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) listed in Singapore. An unbiased view on CDLHT will be presented by gathering insights from all relevant parties’ analyses. The methodology employed in this research paper will be a combination of interviews and secondary research. The report will look into the detailed structure of CDLHT and the relationship between the entities. Next, the attractiveness and risks of CDLHT as an investment tool and a financing instrument will be discussed. The report will also examine the current trends in the industry concerning CDLHT and provide recommendations.
Resolution Decides the Guarded Fragment

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give resolution based decision procedures for the guarded fragment of ([ANB96]), and for the loosely guarded fragment of ([vBenthem97]). The relevance of the guarded fragments lies in the fact that many modal logics can be translated into them. In this way the guarded fragments act as a framework explaining the nice properties of these modal logics. By constructing an implementable decision procedure for the guarded fragments we define an effective procedure for deciding these modal logics. 1 Introduction The guarded fragment was inspired by the following observation: ffl Many modal propositional modal logics have very good properties, they are decidable, have the finite model property, and interpolation. ffl These modal logics can be translated into first order logic, using a standard (relational) translation based on the Kripke frames. 2A ) 8s 0 R(s; s 0 ) ! \\Delta \\Delta \\Delta 3A ) 9s 0 R(s; s 0 ) \\Delta \\Delta \\Delta The fragment of first order formulae that can ...
Prognostic utility of preoperative and postoperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

595 Background: Surgical resection offers the only chance of cure for localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite surgical resection, 80% of patients experience disease recurrence. There is growing evidence that support the prognostic role of perioperative KRAS-mutated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic utility of preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated ctDNA testing in resected PDAC. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed in September 2021. We included studies that reported on the effects of preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated ctDNA on overall survival (OS) and/or relapse free survival (RFS) in resected PDAC. The random-effects model was used to calculate pooled OS and RFS hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot of the included studies. Results: We identified 6,986 studies, and 13 studies were eligible for analysis. A total of 954 patients were included for the final evaluation. In the preoperative setting, positive ctDNA correlated with worse RFS in 8 studies (HR, 2.067; 95% CI, 1.346-3.174; P < 0.001) and worse OS in 10 studies (HR, 2.170; 95% CI, 1.451-3.245; P < 0.001) compared to negative ctDNA. In the postoperative setting, positive ctDNA correlated with worse RFS across 7 studies (HR, 2.986; 95% CI, 1.897-4.699; P <.001), and worse OS in 5 studies (HR, 5.812; 95% CI, 1.757-19.228; P = 0.004) compared to negative ctDNA. There was visible symmetry in the funnel plot of the studies included, suggesting no publication bias. Conclusions: In resected PDAC, preoperative and postoperative KRAS-mutated ctDNA positivity may be useful markers of poor prognosis in terms of RFS and OS. Clinically, KRAS-mutated ctDNA testing may also have implications when considering the aggressiveness and duration of adjuvant therapy in PDAC, although prospective trials are needed to assess this utility.
TCR use and cytokine response in PD-1 blockade.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3027 Background: PD-1 blockade releases effector T-cells in the tumor microenvironment, but little is known on the effects in peripheral blood. We used T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and multiplex serum cytokine analysis to assess treatment-induced changes and correlation with clinical response. Methods: Patients with metastatic melanoma were administered PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (MK-3475) across three clinical trials at UCLA (NCT01295827, NCT01704287, NCT01866319). Among those consenting to blood collection (UCLA IRB#10-000870), we selected cases with paired samples (baseline and at second dose), yielding 19 responders and 22 non-responders per irRECIST. Peripheral TCRs were sequenced by immunoSEQ assay (Adaptive Biotechnology). Serum cytokines were analyzed by Milliplex 38 Cytokine kit (HCYTMAG-60K-PX38). Mann-Whitney and Wilcox signed-rank tests evaluated group differences and treatment effects. Results: Unlike previous reports with CLTA4 blockade, anti-PD-1 treatment itself did not cause a net expansion in unique TCR repertoire size (p = 0.42). However, post treatment samples in responders had significantly more unique TCRs compared to non-responders (p = 0.022). Fold change in the number of clones comprising the top 25% of total TCR reads, a metric which minimizes noise from rare clonotypes, differed significantly between groups (p = 0.015, MW), showing a net decrease in non-responders but no net change in responders (p = 0.013 vs p = 0.77, WSR). Among serum cytokines, higher FGF-2 (p < 0.01) and eotaxin (p = 0.04) levels at baseline correlated with response, as did a post treatment decrease in relative levels of IL-8 (p < 0.01), MCP-1 (p < 0.01) and FGF-2 (p = 0.01). Changes in FGF-2 correlated with IL-8 and MCP1 (Spearman rho σ = 0.35, p = 0.03 and σ = 0.70, p < 0.0001). Among all study patients there was a mean increase in IP-10 (p < 0.001), IL-12.p40, IL-10, and TNF-a (all p < 0.05), and decrease in MDC (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Greater diversity of post-treatment peripheral T-cell repertoire favorably correlates with response to PD-1 inhibition, and differs from the non-specific increase observed with CTLA4 blockade. Of 38 circulating cytokines analyzed, 8 showed treatment induced changes, of which a decrease in FGF-2, MCP1, and IL-8 correlated with response.
Priming and competition of associated memory representations: A comparison between response times and event-related potentials following lesions to left temporal cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction The organisation of semantic memory underlies our use of language. Memory associations can facilitate behaviour (e.g., as seen in semantic priming), but can also interfere with selecting a response because of increased competition between activated representations (e.g., Piai et al., 2014). To study this mechanism, we conducted a word-picture verification task while manipulating the associative strength between the word and the picture (norms from Nelson et al., 2004). Methods Participants were four chronic stroke patients with left temporal lesions (median age = 61.4, education = 16) and six education- and age-matched controls (median age = 64.5, education = 16). Participants heard a word and subsequently saw a picture while their electroencephalogram was recorded. Word and picture were either congruent (e.g., 'apple' followed by the picture of an apple) or not. In this latter case, the word and the picture were either unrelated (e.g., word: 'banjo', picture: apple) or semantically related (e.g., word: 'banana', picture: apple). Participants were instructed to respond with a button press whether the word and the picture denoted the same concept or not. Accuracy and response times (RTs) were registered. Results Patients had more errors than controls (incorrect responses and omissions, p < .001). For correct responses (shown in the left panel of the figure), patients and controls did not differ in their RTs, but overall responses for related items were slower than for unrelated items in both groups (i.e., RT related > RT unrelated, p = .001). This effect reflects semantic interference from the association between the word and the picture. Controls showed a graded N400 event-related potential (ERP) effect, that is, a negativity between 300 and 500 ms post-picture onset following a pattern inversely related to the degree of relation between word and picture (unrelated > related > congruent, p = .002). The group-average ERP in the controls is shown in the middle panel of the figure. The graded pattern observed on the group level was also clear within each control participant. This N400 effect suggests a semantic priming mechanism. For the left temporal patients, however, this effect was not consistent (p = .09). As it can be seen in the right panel of the figure, only one patient showed a graded N400 effect (each small panel represents the ERPs of one patient). Interestingly, in the patients, the relationship between the size of the semantic effect in the RTs and in the N400 effect was strong (N = 4, adjusted r = .943, p = .037): The larger the priming effect, as indicated by the N400 effect (unrelated > related), the bigger the semantic interference in the RTs (related > unrelated). Conclusion These results suggest that associated concepts and words in memory prime each other (as indexed by the N400 effect), but also incur a stronger competition between them (as indicated by the RT effect), delaying response selection.
Effects of Rooster Presence in Free-Range Systems on Egg Performance, Egg Quality and Fear Response

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of having roosters on egg production in free-range system on egg production, egg quality and fear level. In the study, 2 groups (without and with rooster) and each group consisted of 4 replications. The first group will be kept with roosters together with hens and the other group will be kept only with hens. In the research, 15 hens will be kept in each subgroup and 1 rooster will be kept in each replicate in the group with rooster. Egg production, broken-cracked egg ratio, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency and livability were determined as egg performance characteristics. Shell strength, Haugh unit and shell thickness were determined as egg quality. Tonic immobility was determined as fear level. The presence of roosters in the free-range flock did not significantly affect egg production, the ratio of broken-cracked eggs, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, livability, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, or tonic immobility (P>0.05). Consequently, the presence or absence of roosters in a free-range system did not have a significant effect on performance, egg quality, or tonic immobility.
Ethical Dilemmas in Physicians’ Consultations with COPD Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jonina Sigurgeirsdottir,1,2 Sigridur Halldorsdottir,3 Ragnheidur Harpa Arnardottir,3– 5 Gunnar Gudmundsson,1,6 Eythor Hreinn Bjornsson2 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; 2Pulmonary Department, Reykjalundur Rehabilitation Center, Mosfellsbaer, Iceland; 3Faculty of Graduate Studies, School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland; 4Department of Rehabilitation, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland; 5Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory-, Allergy- and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; 6Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, IcelandCorrespondence: Jonina Sigurgeirsdottir, Pulmonary Department, Reykjalundur Rehabilitation Center, Furubyggd 28, Mosfellsbaer, 270, Iceland, Tel +354 6261740, Email jonina@reykjalundur.isAim: This phenomenological study was aimed at exploring principal physicians’ (participants’) experience of attending to COPD patients and motivating their self-management, in light of the GOLD clinical guidelines of COPD therapy.Methods: Interviews were conducted with nine physicians, who had referred patients to PR, five general practitioners (GPs) and four lung specialists (LSs). The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through a process of deconstruction and reconstruction.Results: The participants experienced several ethical dilemmas in being principal physicians of COPD patients and motivating their self-management; primarily in the balancing act of adhering to the Hippocratic Oath of promoting health and saving lives, while respecting their patients’ choice regarding non-adherence eg, by still smoking. It was also a challenge to deal with COPD as a nicotine addiction disease, deal with patients’ denial regarding the harm of smoking and in motivating patient mastery of the disease. The participants used various strategies to motivate their patients’ self-management such as active patient education, enhancing the patients’ inner motivation, by means of an interdisciplinary approach, involving the patients’ significant other when appropriate, and by proposing PR.Conclusion: The findings indicate that being a principal physician of COPD patients and motivating their self-management is a balancing act, involving several dilemmas. Patients’ nicotine addiction and physicians’ ethical obligations are likely to create ethical dilemmas as the physician is obligated to respect the patients’ will, even though it contradicts what is best for the patient. The participants suggest strategies to motivate COPD patients’ self-management.Keywords: physicians, physician-patient relations, physician’s role, COPD, self-management, motivation, patient education, qualitative research, interviews
Brain potentials reveal how emotion filters native language access when bilinguals read words in their second language

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract It is now well established that reading words in a second language (L2) automatically activates native language (L1) translations in bilinguals. Although there is evidence that access to such representations is inhibited when words have a negative emotional valence, the mechanism underlying such inhibition is elusive, and it is unknown whether inhibition arises online as L2 is being processed or whether negative valence affects subsequent L1 processing. Here, we recorded event-related brain potentials in Chinese-English bilinguals engaged in an implicit translation-priming paradigm involving L2 (English) word pairs. Participants performed a semantic relatedness task, unaware that word pairs could conceal a sound repetition if translated into Chinese. When emotional valence was manipulated in prime position (first word), we observed form repetition priming through L1 translations for positive but not for negative words. However, when emotional valence was manipulated in target position (second word), priming occurred for both positive and negative word valences. This result begins to elucidate the mechanism by which emotion regulates language processing in bilinguals: Negative words in L2 induce a refractory period during which cross-language lexical access is blocked. These findings show that despite being neuroanatomically distinct in the human brain, emotional (limbic) regulation systems can penetrate language processing.
The Survey of Healthcare Professionals on Cognition Degree for Adverse Drug Reaction in Taiyuan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the cognition degree on adverse drug reactions(ADR) among healthcare professionals as to improve and promote the ADR reporting and monitoring. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the healthcare professionals of different level hospitals and cliniques in Taiyuan. Results The healthcare professionals in Taiyuan had a basic knowledge of ADR,for example the concept of ADR,whether ADR is the patent of new drugs,but they knew a very little about ADR reporting consciousness,ADR reporting procedure,law consciousness about ADR,etc. Conclusion Both propaganda and education should be strengthened to improve the cognition degree about ADR during the healthcare professionals and to elevate their consciousness in the ADR monitoring. The ADR monitoring system should be promoted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medication.
Reconstruction Algorithm for Cone‐Beam X‐Ray CT Using Inverse Filtering

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper proposes a reconstruction method for the 3‐D distributional image of the absorption coefficient of the object. In the method, a cone‐beam X‐ray source and a 2‐D detector array are placed in confronting positions on the opposite sides of the object. By rotating them 360 deg., the projection data are acquired, and then the inverse filtering is applied. This is a reconstruction problem from an incomplete projection data. In this paper, the compound image is constructed by backprojecting the projection image directly along the locus of projection. The inverse filtering is applied to the result to determine the 3‐D distribution image of the absorption coefficient of the object. In the defined geometrical system for the measurement, the inverse filtering cannot essentially be applied since the impulse response is space variant. Consequently, a nonuniform sampling coordinate system is defined to make the impulse response space invariant. The inverse filter function is derived from the Hankel function by utilizing the symmetry of the impulse response in regard to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, to stabilize the inverse filtering, a window function is employed which considers the space‐dependence of the incompleteness of the projection image in the frequency domain. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed reconstruction method is verified by a computer simulation.
New Complementary Logic Circuits Using Coupled Open Quantum Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper present new complementary logic circuits that exploit an intrinsic bistability in nanoscale coupled open quantum systems such as wells and wires. When operated with a multiple-phase split-level clocking scheme, the device can latch a binary digit while meeting gain, tolerance, and I/O decoupling requirements at the same time, which was difficult with conventional back-to-back negative differential resistance devices. This same structure in a dual-rail configuration can function as a complete set of classical logic circuits by changing only the connections of the input signals. When these circuits are combined to form a sequential circuit, low power operation is expected, thanks to better voltage scaling, a zero-standby-power equalized state, and efficient charge recycling.
Comparison of HBV DNA levels in 298 patients co-infected with HIV-1.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><b>A)</b> Overall comparison between patients treated with ART versus untreated patients. <b>B)</b> Comparison in HBsAg-positive patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (profile 2). <b>C)</b> Comparison in HBsAg-positive patients with HBeAg-negative pattern (profile 3). <b>D)</b> Comparison in patients with OBI or isolated anti-HBc antibodies (profile 4). Median HBV DNA levels are indicated with black bars for untreated patients and with red bars for treated patients. The red dotted line indicates the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay.</p>