jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vaccine molecules targeting Xcr1 on cross‐presenting DCs induce protective CD8+ T‐cell responses against influenza virus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Targeting antigens to cross‐presenting dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising method for enhancing CD8 + T‐cell responses. However, expression patterns of surface receptors often vary between species, making it difficult to relate observations in mice to other animals. Recent studies have indicated that the chemokine receptor Xcr1 is selectively expressed on cross‐presenting murine CD8α + DCs, and that the expression is conserved on homologous DC subsets in humans (CD141 + DCs), sheep (CD26 + DCs), and macaques (CADM1 + DCs). We therefore tested if targeting antigens to Xcr1 on cross‐presenting DCs using antigen fused to Xcl1, the only known ligand for Xcr1, could enhance immune responses. Bivalent Xcl1 fused to model antigens specifically bound CD8α + DCs and increased proliferation of antigen‐specific T cells. DNA vaccines encoding dimeric Xcl1‐hemagglutinin (HA) fusion proteins induced cytotoxic CD8 + T‐cell responses, and mediated full protection against a lethal challenge with influenza A virus. In addition to enhanced CD8 + T‐cell responses, targeting of antigen to Xcr1 induced CD4 + Th1 responses and highly selective production of IgG2a antibodies. In conclusion, targeting of dimeric fusion vaccine molecules to CD8α + DCs using Xcl1 represents a novel and promising method for induction of protective CD8 + T‐cell responses.
Remote Sensing of Icebergs in Greenland's Fjords and Coastal Waters

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Increases in ocean water temperature are implicated in driving recent accelerated rates of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Icebergs provide a key tool for gaining insight into ice-ocean interactions and until recently have been relatively understudied. Here we develop several methods that exploit icebergs visible in optical satellite imagery to provide insight on the ice--ocean environment and explore how iceberg datasets can be used to examine the physics of iceberg decay and parent glacier properties. First, a semi-automated algorithm, which includes a machine learning-based cloud mask, is applied to six years (2000-2002 and 2013-2015) of the Landsat archive to derive iceberg size distributions for Disko Bay. These data show an increase in the total number of icebergs and suggest a change in the shape of the iceberg size distribution, concurrent with a shift in the dominant calving style of Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbrae), their parent glacier. Second, bathymetry is qualitatively and quantitatively inferred using icebergs as drifters; regions of iceberg drifting and stranding indicate relative bathymetric lows and highs, respectively. To quantify water depth in shallow regions, iceberg draft is inferred from iceberg freeboard under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium where very high-resolution stereo image pairs of icebergs are available to construct digital elevation models. Although this results in water depths with relatively large uncertainties, the method provides valuable quantitative data in regions where bathymetric observations are unavailable, improving our understanding of sill locations and the consequent ability of warm ocean waters to reach glacier termini. Third, we use the iceberg datasets derived using the previously described methods to probe the spatial patterns of iceberg size distributions. Rigorous discrimination between power law and lognormal size distributions is challenging, but our datasets corroborate the idea that as icebergs move farther from the parent glacier and the primary control on iceberg size transitions from fracture to melting, their size distribution shifts from power law to lognormal. Overall, our analysis suggests that future thorough investigations of iceberg size distributions will serve as a valuable tool to gain insights into the physics of iceberg decay and properties of the parent glacier.
Appreciative Inquiry : theory and application. A case study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In my research I will investigate the possibilities Appreciative Inquiry offers to organizations. The research of this thesis addresses the questions of what really works in AI and how the AI approach should be implemented successfully. \nIn the beginning of the research AI is described as an alternative form of the action research approach, developed by D.L. Cooperrider and S. Srivastva. I will base my research on their argument that more traditional approaches to organizational development prevent an organization to reach the innovative potential and to develop its strengths and competences. Unlike more traditional approaches, AI nourishes the human spirit.\nTo see how AI is implemented in the organization and how it works in practice, more practical research had to been done. Therefore, second part of my research presents the findings from practical investigation of organization that is applying the AI approach in their work. Stebo, an organization in Genk (Belgium), recently has ad
A Functional Limit Theorem for the Sine-Process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main result of this paper is a functional limit theorem for the sine-process. In particular, we study the limit distribution, in the space of trajectories, for the number of particles in a growing interval. The sine-process has the Kolmogorov property and satisfies the Central Limit Theorem, but our functional limit theorem is very different from the Donsker Invariance Principle. We show that the time integral of our process can be approximated by the sum of a linear Gaussian process and independent Gaussian fluctuations whose covariance matrix is computed explicitly. We interpret these results in terms of the Gaussian Free Field convergence for the random matrix models. The proof relies on a general form of the multidimensional Central Limit Theorem under the sine-process for linear statistics of two types: those having growing variance and those with bounded variance corresponding to observables of Sobolev regularity $1/2$.
Review. The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution. Cobban, A.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution. By ALFRED COBBAN. (The Wiles Lectures, 1961–62). Cambridge: University Press. 1964. xii + 178 pp. 21s. J. DECHAMPS J. DECHAMPS LONDRES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XIX, Issue 2, April 1965, Pages 190–191, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XIX.2.190 Published: 01 April 1965
A Study on the Factors That Influence the Consumers Trust on Ecommerce Adoption

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The development of electronic commerce is characterized with anonymity, uncertainty, lack of control and potential opportunism. Therefore, the success of electronic commerce significantly depends on providing security and privacy for its consumers sensitive personal data. Consumers lack of acceptance in electronic commerce adoption today is not merely due to the concern on security and privacy of their personal data, but also lack of trust and reliability of Web vendors. Consumers trust in online transactions is crucial for the continuous growth and development of electronic commerce. Since Business to Consumer (B2C) ecommerce requires the consumers to engage the technologies, the consumers face a variety of security risks. This study addressed the role of security, privacy and risk perceptions of consumers to shop online in order to establish a consensus among them. The analyses provided descriptive frequencies for the research variables and for each of the study s research constructs. In addition, the analyses were completed with factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients. The findings suggested that perceived privacy of online transaction on trust is mediated by perceived security, and consumers trust in online transaction is significantly related with the trustworthiness of Web vendors. Also, consumers trust is negatively associated with perceived risks in online transactions. However, there is no significant impact from perceived security and perceived privacy to trust in online transactions.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Andrographis Echioides on Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study aims to study the hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of Andrographis echioides (MEAE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg bodyweight). Three days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with MEAE orally at the doses of 200, 500, and 800 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 days. Glibenclamide (1 mg/kg, orally) was used as reference drug. The fasting blood glucose levels were measured on each 7th day during the 21 days of treatment. Serum biochemical parameters including lipid content were estimated. MEAE at the doses of 200, 500 and 800 mg/kg orally significantly (P < 0.01) and dose dependently reduced and normalized blood glucose levels as compared to that of STZ control group; the dose 800 mg/kg being the most potent showing complete normalization of blood glucose levels. Serum biochemical parameters including lipid profile were significantly (P < 0.01) restored toward normal levels in MEAE-treated rats as compared to STZ control animals. This study concludes that Andrographis echioides demonstrated promising hypoglycemic action in STZ-induced diabetic rats substantiating its ethno medicinal use.
The Rise of the Bipolar Neighborhood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Problem: Although planners aim to provide for income diversity in the communities they serve, too little is known about how income distributions in metropolitan neighborhoods are changing. Purpose: We investigate whether neighborhood income diversity has increased since 1970 by examining neighborhoods in the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. Methods: We analyze neighborhoods in the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas from 1970 to 2000 using a combination of nominal (H) and ordinal (E) entropy indices. We focus on neighborhoods we call bipolar, (where E/H > 1), in which very low- and very high-income groups predominate. We investigate these with tract-level statistics and by using a counterfactual. Results and conclusions: We find a dramatic increase in the number and incidence of these bipolars since 1970. Compared to other neighborhoods, we find that, on average, bipolars have significantly greater shares of very high-income families, racial diversity, shares of middle-aged persons, and shares of renters. We use a counterfactual to reveal that much of the growth in bipolars over the last three decades has been fueled by income distributions at the metropolitan scale becoming more bimodal, with fewer middle-income families. Gentrification appears to explain only a minor share of growth in bipolars. Takeaway for practice: Metropolitan census tracts with pronounced bimodal income distributions have become more common since 1970. This appears to reflect changing metropolitan income distributions more than spatial rearrangement, although planning policies may be responsible in some instances. Whether residence in bipolar. neighborhoods will benefit very low-income households by reducing stereotyping and expanding social opportunities is unclear, but such places should be monitored.
Economies of Scale in Media Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since Samuelson (1958), the economic literature has considered that production in the media industries (films, TV programs, music, etc.) is characterized by high fixed costs and economies of scale. For instance, the costs of creating a TV program are high, but the incremental cost of physical distribution to an additional consumer is very low or even nil. Broadcast television should therefore exhibit large economies of scale.
A Simple Angle-Measuring Instrument for Measuring Cemented Stem Anteversion during Total Hip Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background During total hip arthroplasty (THA), the accurate placement of the femoral components is an important determinant of the success of the procedure. This study assessed the accuracy of cemented stem placement using a new angle-measuring instrument. The primary objective was to investigate the accuracy of the intraoperative measurements of cemented stem anteversion obtained using the angle-measuring instrument. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the accuracy of stem positioning performed using the angle-measuring instrument. Methods We compared the intraoperative stem anteversion measurements obtained using the angle-measuring instrument with postoperative stem anteversion measurements obtained using computed tomography in 149 hips (measurement accuracy). We also compared the target angle and postoperative stem anteversion in 105 hips (implantation accuracy). Results The mean amount of intraoperative stem anteversion was 37.9°±10.1°, and the mean amount of postoperative stem anteversion was 37.0°±10.4°. The mean measurement accuracy was 0.9°±6.1°, and the absolute measurement accuracy was 4.9°±3.7°. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between the intraoperative and postoperative stem anteversion measurements was 0.824 (p=0.000). The mean amount of target angle was 37.4°±7.6°, and the mean amount of postoperative stem anteversion was 35.9°±9.1°. The mean implantation accuracy was 1.4°±5.6°, and the mean absolute implantation accuracy was 4.3°±3.6°. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between the target angle and postoperative stem anteversion was 0.795 (p=0.000). Conclusions The angle-measuring instrument measured intraoperative stem anteversion accurately, and cemented stem was implanted accurately during THA with the angle-measuring instrument.
Telemedicine in The Context of Covid-19- A Qualitative Study of Cancer Patients and Clinicians

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, telemedicine was only used to deliver health care to patients living in remote areas of Australia. However, the spread of the Covid-19 virus pushed the widespread uptake of telemedicine across Australia, including in metropolitan regions. This qualitative study will explore the medical oncology (MO) patient and clinician experience of telemedicine in a metropolitan setting as a result of Covid-19. Method: Participants were selected and invited to participate by theoretical sampling from MO clinicians and patients attending MO clinics at Prince of Wales Hospital. Data was collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed to analyse the interview data. Transcripts were coded using the grounded theory approach to identify overarching themes. Results: Twelve participants were recruited to the study. Most participants viewed the adoption of telemedicine positively because it was considered as convenient, efficient and could be used in order to reduce the spread of Covid-19. Nonetheless, participants complained about the poor implementation of telemedicine, technical difficulties and lack of proper training. Finally, providers expressed mixed views over the lack of personal interaction and the lack of physical examination from telemedicine. However, both clinicians and patients viewed telemedicine as acceptable to be used in the context of routine follow-ups. Conclusion: Although some operational improvements are necessary, the role of telemedicine in the follow up of MO patients seems likely to continue beyond Covid-19.
Novel germline mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in a child with incidentally discovered adrenal cortical carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A novel germline p53 mutation was identified by investigation of a sibling pair with cancers associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome in a family with an otherwise negative history for cancer. The implications of this case for identification of carriers of p53 germline mutations and their clinical management are discussed.
Personality Traits and Transition to First Marriage

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Context: During the search for a potential partner, individuals emphasize personality as a key factor. The Big Five personality types (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) have been commonly used in social psychology literature to analyse personality types in relation to marital satisfaction and relationship outcomes (Botwin, Buss and Shakelford 1997; Holland & Roisman 2008). Objectives: The purpose of this study is to 1) analyse the relationships between the big five personality types and the transition into first marriage; and 2) explore how childhood socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between childhood personality types to first marriage. Data and Methods: I run a logistic regression using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY97), which includes men and women born between 1980 and 1984 organized in person-year files (n= 2, 218). Each personality trait from the Big Five are categorized into levels of low, medium and high. Results: High levels of Agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness are associated with an increase in marriage, while Openness was associated with a delay in marriage. With all controls added, high levels of Extraversion, Conscientiousness and medium levels of Conscientiousness are associated with an increase in marriage. As well, high levels of familial religiosity in childhood were also associated with 18% increase risk in marriage. When at least one parent has a Bachelor’s degree, there is a 17% decrease in the transition to marriage. Similarly, when respondents have less than a high school education, they have a 31% decrease in the transition to marriage, while completing four or more years of college have 20% increase in the transition to marriage. Keywords: Big Five, Personality, Marriage Transition, Agreeableness, Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, First Marriage
Dispelling myths concerning the wave power-marsh retreat relationship

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Salt marshes are threatened by rising sea levels and human activities, and a major mechanism of marsh loss is edge retreat or erosion. To understand and predict loss in these valuable ecosystems, studies have related erosion to marsh hydrodynamics and wave characteristics such as wave power. Across global studies, erosion was found to be largely linearly related to wave power, with this relationship having implications on the resilience of marshes to extreme events such as storms. However, there is significant variability in this relationship across marshes because of marsh heterogeneity and the uniqueness of each physical setting. Here, we further investigate whether this linear relationship applies globally, and add a new dataset from the Great Marsh in Massachusetts (USA). We find that most marsh wave power and erosion data are not normally-distributed, and when statistically treating the data appropriately, the resulting relationships vary from previously published curves. We show the importance of maintaining statistical assumptions when performing regressions, as well as emphasize the site-specificity of these relationships. Without calibration using robust regressions at each marsh, erosion related to wave attack is not fully constrained, resulting in unreliable predictions of future marsh resilience and response to climate change.
Efficacy and safety of clinically managed weight loss programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Obesity has become a major driver in the burden of chronic diseases. The Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines recommends a lifestyle intervention for the management and prevention of obesity. This includes behaviour modification, dietary counselling, and physical activity. With the market overwhelmed with weight loss programs, majority are focused on low-calorie diets and general recommendations for exercise. Most are not personalized and are not administered by health care professionals. An interdisciplinary team of highly trained health care professionals have the ability to provide medically sound and safe advice in all aspects of an individuals’ life, such as, lifestyle, sleep, mental health, and behaviours. A clinically-managed weight loss program is defined as a team including a dietitian, and/or exercise professional, and/or psychologist, and/or physician or nurse practitioner oversight. With limiting results in the literature regarding clinically-managed weight loss programs, it is difficult to conclude whether it may be effective. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to assess clinically-managed weight loss programs, with physician or nurse practitioner oversight in comparison to non-clinically-managed weight loss programs with no physician oversight or nurse practitioner oversight in adults who are living with overweight or obesity. Methods: A literature search will be executed by a knowledge synthesis librarian on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. The data collected will be extracted, stored, and managed in MS Excel 2016. The extraction of the data will include study details, study population details, health team details, intervention details, and outcome details. Discussion: The prevalence of obesity has been increasing throughout the decades. Results from this systematic review may aid in recommending a more clinically safe weight loss program for those who struggle with overweight or obesity. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020170014
ANN for Tic-Tac-Toe Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Throughout this research, imposing the training of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to play tic-tac-toe bored game, by training the ANN to play the tic-tac-toe logic using the set of mathematical combination of the sequences that could be played by the system and using both the Gradient Descent Algorithm explicitly and the Elimination theory rules implicitly. And so on the system should be able to produce imunate amalgamations to solve every state within the game course to make better of results of winnings or getting draw.
Incorporation of nitrate nitrogen into amino acids during the anaerobic germination of rice Short Communication

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary. Incorporation of 15NO3- into amino acids was studied during the anaerobic germination of rice seeds. In treated coleoptiles, the label was incorporated into glutamine, glutamate, alanine, 7-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), arginine, aspartate and methionine. These findings are consistent with a primary incorporation of nitrate nitrogen into glutamine, glutamate and aspartate, and their further conversion to alanine, Gaba, arginine and methionine.
Overview of Family Needs after Critical Illness: From Assessment to Intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Results of numerous independent studies suggest that families of a critically ill hospitalized member have similar needs that they can readily identify as very important. Empirical analysis of results compiled from many studies across patient populations, settings, geographic locations, and over time indicates that families have primary needs for assurance, proximity, and information. These primary family needs provide a research-based framework to guide critical care nurses in implementing and evaluating family-centered nursing interventions