jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease: inhibition of DNA polymerase activity by vidarabine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four patients who had chronic liver disease and were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were treated with vidarabine, a synthetic purine nucleoside that inhibits DNA polymerase activity in vitro and in vivo. Before treatment all had raised serum DNA polymerase concentrations. Three also had hepatitis B e (HBe) and were shown by electron microscopy to have hepatitis B virus (Dane) particles in their serum. In all patients 10 days' treatment with vidarabine resulted in an immediate loss of DNA polymerase activity. In three patients the activity returned when treatment was stopped. In those three patients Dane particles and HBe antigen persisted during and after treatment; in the fourth patient, who remained negative for DNA polymerase, HBsAg titres fell. Although vidarabine inhibited virus replication, virus particles did not disappear from the blood in these patients, presumably because the particles were cleared only slowly. Similar results with interferon suggest that the virus disappears, and HBsAg titres fall, some weeks after the fall in DNA polymerase activity. Continued treatment may therefore have a sustained effect on viral replication. Whether vidarabine can permanently clear HBsAg and so arrest chronic liver disease remains to be seen, but at the very least it could reduce the spread of infection.
Impact of the inducer meridional length on the tandem impeller performance within a transonic centrifugal compressor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tandem impeller configuration has the potential to improve the performance of highly loaded transonic centrifugal compressors, while the related research is still in the early stages and general design guidelines, such as the selection of inducer meridional length, are limited so far. In this paper, a highly loaded transonic centrifugal compressor with various tandem impeller configurations is numerically investigated. The objective is to evaluate the impact of inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] on the tandem impeller flow structure and performance, and further to look into the underlying flow mechanisms and design principles of the tandem impeller. The results indicate that the inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] has significant effect on the tandem impeller and compressor stage performance. There exits an optimized tandem impeller [Formula: see text] value of Appr. 38% that achieves a compressor stage pressure ratio and efficiency gain (at the P.E. points) of 2.6% and 1.8%, respectively, and deviating from the optimized [Formula: see text] value will lead to deteriorated compressor performance. In terms of the impeller performance, the inducer trailing edge determined by the inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] should be located downstream of the passage shock to reduce the shock and inducer wake losses. However, the inducer blade should also be placed in the impeller axial part to avoid the exudcer incidence angle deviation. In terms of the diffuser performance which is partly determined by the impeller discharge flow uniformity, the inducer meridional length [Formula: see text] directly affects the tandem impeller discharge flow uniformity by rearranging and controlling the secondary flow patterns, and the flow uniformity is prone to be insensitive to the [Formula: see text] variation when the [Formula: see text] value is large enough (i.e. ≥30%). Additionally, the [Formula: see text] value should be large enough (i.e. ≥20%) to generate intense inducer shedding vortexes, which can suppress the development of Coriolis vortex and finally improve the impeller flow uniformity.
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO THE SURROUNDING SOIL MANAGEMENT OF TWO RESERVOIRS IN PINDORAMA/SP - A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water quality monitoring of rural reservoirs is essential to detect the effects of diffuse pollution sources such as agricultural activities on the water quality. This paper describes a preliminary study that uses a multiparameter probe and total phosphorus analysis to characterize and compare two reservoirs in Pindorama/SP surrounded by active plantations, noting that one of them has its surface filled with floating macrophytes. The reservoirs areas were characterized, and analysis of physicochemical parameters were made in strategic sampling points. Elevated total phosphorus concentrations were detected in both reservoirs, being hypothesized that the source of this nutrient is the runoff of agricultural byproducts from the surroundings. The reservoir filled with macrophytes had greater phosphorus concentration and was characterized as in a eutrophic state, thus explaining the overpopulation of macrophytes as they can be a consequence of the eutrophication process. Lower levels of phosphorus in the other reservoir may be explained by its morphological characteristics and the presence of a more consolidated riparian forest. To reduce the environmental impacts of the contamination in both reservoirs, it was proposed that practices for adequate soil management in the surroundings, for increasing the reservoirs water circulation, and for sustainably retaining the contamination sources, could be implemented to control the effects of eutrophication.
EXPERIMENTAL IgA NEPHROPATHY INDUCED BY ORAL IMMUNIZATION*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical and histopathological observations suggest that the mucosal immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of some forms of human immune complex glomerulonephritis (1, 2). For example, many studies of idiopathic recurrent hematuria (Berger&apos;s nephropathy) and glomerulonephritis associated with anaphylactoid purpura (Henoch-Sch6nlein syndrome), in which immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the predominant or sole Ig deposited in glomeruli, report the clinical association of virallike respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes (2-13). Also, much of the body&apos;s IgA is derived from gut and respiratory-associated lymphoid tissue (14-16), and an expansion of specific IgA synthesizing cells in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and secretory mucosae and a significant elevation of IgA antibody in serum and exocrine fluids can occur in response to oral immunization (14-21). These considerations prompted the hypothesis that IgA nephropathy can follow a mucosal immune response, such as might result from an infection. To test this hypothesis experimentally, protein antigens were presented to mice in their drinking water for 14 wk. Kidneys from immunized and nonimmunized mice were then examined for evidence of immune deposits.
Modelling, estimation and control of the soaking pit: an example of the development and application of some modern control techniques to industrial processes. Volume I. Chapters 1-8

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work integrates separate models of the earlier researchers of the separate stages of the ingot handling process into one integrated model able to handle all phases of the process. It also is the first application of the techniques of state space modelling, on-line estimation and advanced control as a total set of techniques to minimize the energy consumption of industrial processing.
Making use of auditory models for better mimicking of normal hearing processes with cochlear implants: first results with the SAM coding strategy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stimulation based on auditory modeling, or SAM, is a new speech-processing strategy for cochlear implants that we developed recently at Fraunhofer IDMT. SAM incorporates active cochlear filtering along with the mechanoelectrical transduction of the inner hair cells, so that several psychoacoustic phenomena are accounted for inherently. SAM was tested with a group of five CI users: We investigated speech perception in quiet and in the presence of noise or reverberation, pitch discrimination abilities (for pure tones and sung vowels), and consonant discrimination. We also asked for subjective quality rating for speech and music snippets. Tests were repeated with the everyday strategy of the implantees and results were compared. This paper presents the test results in detail and compares outcomes with those of the previously published simulation studies. Results are encouraging, although more tests would be needed to increase statistical significance.
Free vibration of delaminated bi-material beams fully or partially supported by elastic foundation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of delamination on the natural frequency of a bimaterial beam fully and partially supported by elastic foundation are analysed in this study. The beam is modelled as four separate component segments, each analysed as an Euler beam, adopting the “free mode” assumption. Apart from that, two parameters were introduced for the study, i.e. bending and axial stiffness ratio and how these two parameters, as well as the foundation stiffness, influence the natural frequency of the bimaterial beam. It is found from the analytical results of this study that the bending stiffness ratio has more influence on the natural frequency than the axial stiffness ratio. The higher the axial stiffness ratio, the higher the natural frequency drops. The position of the elastic foundation is also varied and shows that the delaminated beam with elastic support at the delaminated region provides a higher natural frequency as compared to beams with elastic supports at the undelaminated regions.
Knowledge and power: the interface between religion and education in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Religion is becoming increasingly popular among students in post-Mao China, especially in the higher education arena. This growing interest in religion poses a potential challenge to the compulsory Marxist ideology taught in the school curriculum. Focusing on a group of university student believers from different religious traditions, this study explores how Chinese students negotiate their religious beliefs with the Marxism-based knowledge acquired from primary to tertiary educational levels. Three patterns are observed in the religious students’ accounts: (a) grounding in religious conviction; (b) negotiation through lived experience; and (c) deconstruction of Marxist thought from an academic perspective. Drawing on Young’s theoretical concept of the ‘knowledge of the powerful’, this study reveals an interplay between the different forms of knowledge that shape religious students’ beliefs and identities in China.
Steric, inductive, and ring-strain effects in chelation thermodynamics and kinetics: reactions of copper(II) ion with N-alkyl-substituted diamino diamides. [Erratum to document cited in CA110(10):82967x]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric, inductive, and ring-strain effects in chelation thermodynamics and kinetics: reactions of copper(II) ion with N-alkyl-substituted diamino diamides. [Erratum to document cited in CA110(10):82967x]Min Shiun Chao and Chung Sun ChungCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 8, 1532Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00060a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00060a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transdermal delivery of acemetacin loaded microemulsions: preparation, characterization, in vitro – ex vivo evaluation and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The goal of this study was to see if microemulsions might be used as a transdermal drug delivery system for acemetacin (ACM). Microemulsions containing isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, Transcutol HP, Labrafil M1944 CS, ethanol, and distilled water were used to create pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. In microemulsion systems, the ultimate concentration of ACM was 1% (w/w). Conductivity, droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, viscosity, and pH were used to characterize the microemulsions. Furthermore, in vitro permeability investigations were carried out utilizing diffusion cells derived from the dorsal skin of mice. The results of characterization studies such as droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, conductivity values of ideal formulation were found 9.107 ± 1.588 nm, 0.283 ± 0.062, −0.313 ± 0.006 mV, 0.018 ± 0.012 µS/cm, respectively. The penetration of ACM from ideal formulation was greater than the other developed formulations. The anti-inflammatory effect of ACM was evaluated in mice using the paw edema test. In addition, all test microemulsions had a significant analgesic effect in the hot plate and tail-flick tests as compared to the control. Finally, microemulsion formulations might be used to deliver ACM transdermally.
Efficacy of Certain Insecticides for Controlling the Two Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) and Determination Residues of Abamectin on Some Quality Parameters of Cucumber Fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology.www.eajbs.eg.net
Comparing Two Low-Intensity Strength Training Modalities on Vasodilatory Capacity in Postmenopausal Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Dynapenia, the age-related loss in muscle strength, is an emerging risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and physical disability. Vasodilatory capacity, both endothelial-dependent reactive (RH) and active hyperemia (AH), are important for adequate blood flow to active muscles. Although high-intensity resistance training (RT) increases mass and strength, there are limited data regarding the effect of low-intensity RT (LIRT) on RH and AH in older adults. We investigated the effects of two low-intensity strength training modalities on RH and AH in postmenopausal women with low muscle strength. METHODS: Thirty-one postmenopausal women were stratified by age, body mass index (BMI), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (age, 65 ± 4 years; BMI, 23.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2; MVC, 17.3 ± 2.7 kg) and randomized into isolated lower-body whole-body vibration training (WBVT) (n=12), LIRT (n=11) or control (n=8) groups for 12 weeks. Brachial and popliteal diameter, mean blood velocity, blood flow during RH (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) and AH after 6-minute walk test, and strength on the leg press (LP), flexion (LFlex), and extension (LExt) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: WBVT and LIRT similarly improved brachial (systemic) and popliteal (local) vasodilation compared to control (P < 0.01). Additionally, WBVT elicited a greater popliteal artery vasodilatory response (4.9 ± 1.4 %, P = 0.007) post-6MWT compared to no change in control. LIRT had no effect on post-6MWT popliteal artery vasodilatory response. WBVT and LIRT elicited similar increases in LP and LFlex strength compared to control (P < 0.01); however, WBVT induced a greater increase (19.2 ± 3.7%) in LExt strength compared to the LIRT (8.4 ± 2.6%, P = 0.007) and control groups. The increases in brachial FMD were correlated to the increases in LExt and LFlex strength (r= .37, P = 0.04 and r= .37, P = 0.04; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: WBVT and LIRT elicited significant improvements in brachial FMD, which were related to the increases in leg strength. However, despite similar improvements in brachial and popliteal FMD, WBVT may be a more efficacious for improvements of leg post-exercise vasodilation and muscular strength than LIRT in non- obese postmenopausal women.
Interference aware scheduling for Ultra Wideband networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are used for a wide variety of applications. Earlier WPANs, like Bluetooth, offer data rates only for low rate communication. Nowadays, consumer electronic devices have high demands on communication systems, e.g. for high definition video transmission. Users expect future WPANs to act like wired systems by means of reliability, that is, packet loss and distortion. Multimedia systems are ubiquitous; hence, it can be expected, that future WPANs have to operate in dense network topologies. For that reason new technologies have to be evaluated in terms of interference mitigation and their ability to cooperate with Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOPs). This paper focuses on Ultra Wideband (UWB) communication according to ECMA-368, calledWiMedia. WiMedia's reservation-based medium access for high throughput and strict QoS requirements is evaluated taking inter-piconet interference into account. Strategies for distributed interference aware scheduling are proposed and examined by simulation to show system capacity for given scenarios.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of Insurance Uptake in Kenya

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role of insurance in financial inclusion and economic growth, in general, is immense and is increasingly being recognized. However, low uptake impedes the growth of the sector, hence the need for a model that robustly predicts insurance uptake among potential clients. This study undertook a two phase comparison of machine learning classifiers. Phase I had eight machine learning models compared for their performance in predicting the insurance uptake using 2016 Kenya FinAccessHousehold Survey data. Taking Phase I as a base in Phase II, random forest and XGBoost were compared with four deep learning classifiers using 2019 Kenya FinAccess Household Survey data. The random forest model trained on oversampled data showed the highest F1-score, accuracy, and precision. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was furthermore highest for random forest; hence, it could be construed as the most robust model for predicting the insurance uptake. Finally, the most important features in predicting insurance uptake as extracted from the random forest model were income, bank usage, and ability and willingness to support others. Hence, there is a need for a design and distribution of low income based products, and bancassurance could be said to be a plausible channel for the distribution of insurance products.
New applications of high intensity infrared to reduce binder migration on coating.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Infrared radiation has been used for some time in coating applications to prevent picking, improve quality, and increase drying capacity.A new high intensity, high frequency infrared system has been developed, now in use on paper machines and coaters. In some recent investigations with this high intensity, high frequency infrared source, we have found a region of operation where this system produces dramatic improvements in printability of the paper due to control of binder migration and associated mottling.This paper will discuss the general subject of infrared radiation and coating, and then give detailed results of the application of this high intensity infrared radiation in reducing binder migration.
Potentiation of Phase Variation in Multiple Outer-Membrane Proteins During Spread of the Hyperinvasive Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W ST-11 Lineage

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Since 2009, increases in the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease have occurred in the United Kingdom due to a sublineage of the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W ST-11 clonal complex (hereafter, the “original UK strain”). In 2013, a descendent substrain (hereafter, the “2013 strain”) became the dominant disease-causing variant. Multiple outer-membrane proteins of meningococci are subject to phase-variable switches in expression due to hypermutable simple-sequence repeats. We investigated whether alterations in phase-variable genes may have influenced the relative prevalence of the original UK and 2013 substrains, using multiple disease and carriage isolates. Methods Repeat numbers were determined by either bioinformatics analysis of whole-genome sequencing data or polymerase chain reaction amplification and sizing of fragments from genomic DNA extracts. Immunoblotting and sequence-translation analysis was performed to identify expression states. Results Significant increases in repeat numbers were detected between the original UK and 2013 strains in genes encoding PorA, NadA, and 2 Opa variants. Invasive and carriage isolates exhibited similar repeat numbers, but the absence of pilC gene expression was frequently associated with disease. Conclusions Elevated repeat numbers in outer-membrane protein genes of the 2013 strain are indicative of higher phase-variation rates, suggesting that rapid expansion of this strain was due to a heightened ability to evade host immune responses during transmission and asymptomatic carriage.
STATISTICAL TOLERANCE TRANSFER FOR COMPLEX SHEET METAL PART FORMING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Current process planning practice and theory for sheet metal part forming does not consider transfer of geometric tolerances (GD&T). To eliminate this shortcoming, GD&T tolerance transfer is implemented using a statistical model of machining errors and a Monte-Carlo simulation. Considered sources of errors comprise positioning errors of the part and bend lines, bending angles, and blanking. Typical sheet metal parts are studied.
‘It brings the lads together’: a critical exploration of older men’s experiences of a weight management programme delivered through a Healthy Stadia project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Older men whose weight is considered unhealthy may experience particular barriers that can restrict their adoption of health improvement interventions. Despite promising findings recommending the use of sports settings to facilitate health promotion with men, little evidence has addressed older mens health needs for, or experiences of, these settings. Using a qualitative methodology, this study explored the experiences of 14 ageing men attending a football-led weight management programme delivered at a community sports setting. The thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews elucidates important insights regarding the provision of sports-led health improvement interventions for this population. Men especially valued the opportunity to play sports and do physical activity in an environment that promotes inclusive competition and caring interpersonal relationships. Implicit in the findings is the key role of practitioners in promoting social engagement. We conclude the paper with key practical implications of this research.