jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1/2 Among Blood Donors in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study examines the sero-epidemiology of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 among blood donors in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria, in the year 2024, focusing on prevalence, socio-demographic factors, and public health implications. Among 88 predominantly male donors (94.3%) aged 25–39 years (61.4%), the majority were Yoruba (86.4%) with secondary education (68.2%). Blood specimens were screened for HTLV using stringent kit from DIAPRO, Italy, with data analyzed via SPSS version 25. The study found a 3.4% HTLV-1/2 prevalence, higher than the West African regional average but lower than similar studies in Lagos. Socio-demographic factors, including age, gender, education, and occupation, showed no statistically significant correlation with infection. Similarly, HTLV prevalence was unaffected by blood group or donor type, although commercial donors dominated (71.6%), followed by relatives (23.9%) and voluntary donors (4.5%). Concerningly, only 3.4% of participants were aware of HTLV, with 87.5% mistakenly attributing transmission to mosquitoes and 86.4% associating its cause with supernatural factors. This highlights a critical need for targeted educational campaigns. The predominance of commercial donors raises further concerns about blood safety, as they are often linked to higher risks of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The findings emphasize the urgent need for routine HTLV screening in blood banks and strategies to increase voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation. Public education campaigns are essential to correct misconceptions and promote safer blood donation practices. This study underscores the importance of enhanced screening protocols, public education, and a shift towards voluntary blood donation to reduce transfusion risks and improve public health outcomes.
The Effect of Selected Spot Resistance Welding Parameters on Properties of Martensite-Structured AHSS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the effect of welding current and clamping force on the properties of spot resistance-welded joints made of 1.8 mm thick steel DOCOL 1200M.Because of the fact that martensite-structured steel DOCOL 1200M is hardened when exposed to deforming force, it is used to make energy absorbers or car header panels.Test joints, made using a robotic welding station, were subjected to macro and microscopic metallographic tests, hardness measurements and strength tests.The obtained test joints were subjected to strength verification performed in accordance with PN-EN ISO 14273:2016.The tests demonstrated that excessively high clamping force combined with relatively low welding current do not guarantee the obtainment of a joint characterised by required strength.However, by increasing welding current and reducing clamping force it is possible to increase the strength of welded joints.The use of appropriate spot resistance welding parameters enables the making of joints in steel DOCOL 1200M steel characterised by a satisfactory level of strength
The Clinical Utility of Next Generation Sequencing Results in a Community‐Based Hereditary Cancer Risk Program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Since the 2013 Supreme Court ruling on BRCA1 / BRCA2 patenting, hereditary cancer gene panels now include BRCA1 and BRCA2 , making these panels an option for first‐tier testing. However, questions remain about the clinical utility and implications of these panels for medical management with inclusion of genes of unknown to moderate penetrance. To better understand how use of these panels affected our practice, we reviewed patients who underwent testing in our clinic from July 1, 2013 through May 23, 2014. Indications for testing included personal and/or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. A total of 136 patients underwent panel testing via a single commercial laboratory; 12 (8.8 %) patients were positive for a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation (four BRCA2 mutations, two TP53 mutations, one CDH1 mutation, two ATM mutations, and one patient each with a CHEK2 , NBN , or PALB2 mutation). Of these positive patients, 100 % met the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer genetic testing (2.2014). Mutations in seven of twelve (58 %) patients led to changes in medical management; three of seven (43 %) had a non‐ BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. Our findings suggest that there is clinical utility of panels that include genes of unknown to moderate penetrance.
Analysis of the Functioning of Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Psychometric Study of the Family APGAR Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Normalised family functioning is a predictor of individual well-being. The diagnosis of a family member with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can alter the ordinary dynamics of family systems, having a variable impact on family functioning. This research employed a non-probability convenience sampling method to gather a sample of 327 families with and without children diagnosed with ASD. This study has dual objectives: to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Family APGAR Scale and to compare family functioning in families with and without a child with ASD. The results reveal several favourable psychometric properties in the application of the APGAR scale within families of children with ASD. The use of the Family APGAR Scale in the selected sample confirms that the functioning of families with children with ASD can be categorized as mildly dysfunctional, attributed to the inherent challenges in caring for and raising a child with ASD. The presence of ASD within family systems presents a challenge to typical family functioning, with significant differences observed between families with and without children with ASD. This underscores the necessity of implementing effective intervention programs based on empirical evidence to improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families.
Biosurfactant production and petroleum degradation using spent mushroom substrate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mushroom cultivation generates enormous amounts of post-cultivation substrate at the end of each production cycle, which is known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS). Once known as a waste product of mushroom production, SMS is actually a valuable co-product of mushroom production. There are countless possibilities for using this material and, considering the large volumes produced, it is interesting to continue looking for new alternatives for its use in different human activities. In this work, we evaluated the potential for biosurfactant production in SMS from different species of oyster mushrooms, in addition to evaluating the potential for oil degradation in the presence of SMS from Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes. Even with the use of dry SMS, a decrease in several hydrocarbons was observed after 3 months of oil treatment. Furthermore, Pleurotus species showed high emulsification rates. Future studies will be necessary to characterize the molecules responsible for the bioemulsification activity, since both biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers can act in a similar way.
Noradrenergic axon loss drives olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often accompanied by early non-cognitive symptoms, including olfactory deficits, such as hyposmia and anosmia1. These have emerged as solid predictors of cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms of hyposmia in early AD remain elusive2. Pathologically, one of the brain regions affected earliest is the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of the neurotransmitter noradrenalin (NA) and, a well-known neuromodulator of olfactory information processing3. Here we show that early and distinct loss of noradrenergic input to the olfactory bulb (OB) coincides with impaired olfaction in a mouse model of AD, even before pronounced appearance of extracellular amyloid plaques. Mechanistically, OB microglia detect externalized phosphatidylserine and MFG-E8 on hyperactive LC axons and subsequently initiate their clearance. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) knockout reduces phagocytosis, preserving LC axons and olfaction. Importantly, patients with prodromal AD display elevated TSPO-PET signals in the OB, similarly to APPNL-G-F mice. We further confirm early LC axon degeneration in post-mortem OBs in patients with early AD. Collectively, we uncover an underlying mechanism linking early LC system damage and hyposmia in AD. Our work may help to improve early diagnosis of AD by olfactory testing and neurocircuit analysis and consequently enable early intervention.
Determination of elastic constants of recombinant bamboo for structural material using an electrical measurement method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Twelve elastic constants of recombinant bamboo were determined using an electrical testing method. Three poisson's ratios with a big variation coefficient were revised. The applicability of the electrical method for elastic constants determination was verified. At last, the elastic constants of recombinant bamboo were compared with those of several timbers. The results showed the relationship between elastic modulus of recombinant bamboo was ELERET and its coefficients of variations ranged from 12.723% to 28.944%. In addition, the elastic constants satisfied restrict conditions of the orthotropic model, but slightly large errors between test values and theoretical values were brought by the non-uniform distribution of bamboo bundles. The elastic constants of recombinant bamboo were much higher than those of timbers.
Optical Gain and Saturation Considerations of Organic Dyes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical analysis of optical gain and saturation of organic dye lasers is presented. An analysis based on a solution o f the laser rate equations establishes a convenient method of optical gain measurement by internal fluorescence probing for low-gain system s, such as vapors of organic dyes. The concomitant limitations of high-gain system s (e.g. organic dyes in liquid solutions) of small-signal gain due to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and problems associated with gain saturation at high signal inputs are discussed in detail.
Analytical Results for the x, y Kalman Tracking Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A two-dimensional x, y Kalman tracking filter is analyzed for a track-while-scan (TWS) operation when the radar sensor measures range and bearing (r, θ) at uniform sampling intervals T seconds apart. This development explicitly considers the coupling between the quantities measured by the sensor (r, θ) and the Cartesian x, y coordinate system selected for the tracking operation. The steadystate components of the gain and error covariance matrixes are analytically determined under the assumption of a white noise maneuver acceleration model in two dimensions. These results are verified by computer calculation of the Kalman filter matrix equations.
AMERICAN AID TO THE JEWS OF SUBCARPATHIAN RUS': AN ANALYSIS OF THE JOINT'S ACTIVITIES DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) in Subcarpathian Ruthenia, viewed as the organization with the broadest range of humanitarian assistance during the interwar period. The main directions of the committee’s work are examined, including socio-economic support for Jewish communities, the development of healthcare systems, educational projects, and the building of social welfare infrastructure. Special attention is paid to how the JDC organized local soup kitchens, medical institutions, educational programs, and supported the establishment of orphanages, thus contributing not only to the survival but also to the modernization of local Jewish communities. The article also analyzes the JDC’s cooperation with other international organizations, including WIZO, ICO, and HICEM, which enabled a comprehensive approach to addressing the social problems of the population. It is emphasized that during the 1920s, the committee’s activities were primarily focused on overcoming humanitarian crises, whereas in the 1930s the emphasis shifted towards institutional support, professional education, and long-term modernization strategies. The study highlights the interaction between JDC representatives and local Jewish self-governing bodies, which ensured the adaptation of broader European programs to the specific local needs of the region. The author stresses that current research on the JDC’s activities remains mostly fragmented and concentrated on individual aspects, whereas a comprehensive approach to this topic requires further investigation. The article outlines the importance of the JDC as a major social and economic factor in the survival of Jewish communities during times of economic crisis and political instability. The collected material can serve as a foundation for developing comprehensive studies on the impact of international humanitarian aid not only on the socio-economic development of Jewish communities but also on the overall condition of the local population in Subcarpathian Ruthenia during the interwar period. This approach allows further exploration of how international humanitarian organizations contributed to the development of local infrastructure, the integration of different social groups, and the formation of social ties between Jewish communities and other ethnic groups.
Collection period and indolebutyric acid on the rooting of adult pecan plant cuttings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the collection period and of the exogenous application of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of cuttings from adult pecan (Carya illinoinensis) plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with intermittent mist irrigation, from December 2017 to October 2018. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4x5 factorial arrangement, with four collection periods (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and five concentrations of IBA (0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 mg L-1). For the cuttings collected during summer and autumn, there was a linear relationship between rooting and the increase of the IBA concentration. The best results for rooting, callus formation, mean number of roots, mean root length, and root dry and fresh mass are obtained for the cuttings collected during summer, with the application of 8,000 mg L-1 IBA on the base of each cutting, under a mist irrigation system. The rooting of cuttings from adult pecan plants with the application of IBA is possible, being an alternative propagation method for the species.
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: A Clinical Comparison of Families Linked and Unlinked to Chromosome 19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We compared the clinical characteristics of 50 patients from three unrelated families with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) linked to chromosome 19, with those of 20 patients from two families with FHM not linked to chromosome 19. We found no significant differences for age at onset, frequency and duration of attacks, duration of the paresis, and occurrence of basilar migraine symptoms. In the linked families, significantly more patients reported unconsciousness during attacks (39%, vs 15%; p<0.05) and provocation of attacks by mild head trauma (70% vs 40%; p< 0.05). In one linked family patients also displayed chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia, whereas in one unlinked family benign infantile convulsions occurred in addition to FHM. Interestingly, so far an association with cerebellar ataxia was only described in chromosome 19-linked families. FHM linked to chromosome 19 and FHM unlinked to chromosome 19 do not differ with respect to clinical features.
Epidemiology and Trends in the Treatment of Cholelithiasis in 21st Centure: A Critical Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cholelithiasis is 10-15% prevalent in India and approximately 1-2% of asymptomatic patients will develop symptoms and require cholecystectomy each year. There has also been a remarkable shift in the trend of gall stone disease from middle aged, fertile, fat, females to young asthenic females in their twenties. Open cholecystectomy was the standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones for more than 100 years. Today, laparoscopic surgery is preferred because it involves less postoperative pain, a rapid recovery period, a greater degree of comfort and a better cosmetic appearance from smaller incisions. Today, laparoscopic surgery is preferred because it involves less postoperative pain, a rapid recovery period, a greater degree of comfort and a better cosmetic appearance from smaller incisions.
Redox and Double-Layer Charging of Phenothiazine Functionalized Monolayer-Protected Clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Monolayer-protected Au clusters (MPCs) have been prepared with mixed monolayers of alkanethiolates and alkanethiolates terminally omega-functionalized with phenothiazine. The mixed monolayer MPCs can contain as many as 10 phenothiazines/MPC; these electron donors are electroactive in rapid, successive one-electron reactions. Surface adsorption of the functionalized MPCs is evident in cyclic voltammetry. Double-potential-step chronocoulometry with incremented potential steps was applied to unfunctionalized hexanethiolate-coated MPCs and to those functionalized with phenothiazine to analyze the coupling between the diffusion-controlled double-layer charging of the MPC cores and the oxidation of the phenothiazine centers. Apparent changes in ordering of the MPC alkanethiolate chains were observed with infrared spectroscopy in solutions of MPCs where alcohol, carboxylic acid, or phenothiazine moieties had been incorporated into the monolayer.
Immunomodulation in diabetic wounds healing: The intersection of macrophage reprogramming and immunotherapeutic hydrogels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic wound healing presents a significant clinical challenge due to the interplay of systemic metabolic disturbances and local inflammation, which hinder the healing process. Macrophages undergo a phenotypic shift from M1 to M2 during wound healing, a transition pivotal for effective tissue repair. However, in diabetic wounds, the microenvironment disrupts this phenotypic polarization, perpetuating inflammation, and impeding healing. Reprograming macrophages to restore their M2 phenotype offers a potential avenue for modulating the wound immune microenvironment and promoting healing. This review elucidates the mechanisms underlying impaired macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype in diabetic wounds and discusses novel strategies, including epigenetic and metabolic interventions, to promote macrophage conversion to M2. Hydrogels, with their hydrated 3D cross-linked structure, closely resemble the physiological extracellular matrix and offer advantageous properties such as biocompatibility, tunability, and versatility. These characteristics make hydrogels promising candidates for developing immunomodulatory materials aimed at addressing diabetic wounds. Understanding the role of hydrogels in immunotherapy, particularly in the context of macrophage reprograming, is essential for the development of advanced wound care solutions. This review also highlights recent advancements in immunotherapeutic hydrogels as a step toward precise and effective treatments for diabetic wounds.
Optimal cross-section of three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Permanent magnet synchronous motors have been widely used in many industrial applications. This paper presents an optimization strategy for the cross-section of three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with maximum motor torque. The optimization strategy includes several steps, stator windings configuration, currents in the stator windings, and the design parameters of the slot tooth in the stator and permanent magnet in the rotor are consequently defined. The optimization strategy results provides the optimized stator and rotor geometrical dimensions and the influence of the air gap variation, are discussed. The optimization calculation has been performed by means of the finite element magnetic method. This strategy leads to the reduction of manufacturing costs for the motor of the same overall dimensions.
SH0919503.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.