jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Twice-born” from the Waters: The Two-Hundred-Year Journey of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Indians

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter assesses Lewis and Clark using the perspective of the Native Americans, specifically the Arikara, the Mandan, and the Hidatsa. Lewis and Clark encountered these Native Americans during the expedition and introduced both disease and treaties to these groups. It describes the struggles of these Native Americans to regain the autonomy and strength that they possessed during their encounter with Lewis and Clark. The chapter also decenters the “historic” significance of Lewis and Clark by looking at their efforts from a tribal perspective and suggests that Lewis and Clark may have brought minor tragedies into these Native American groups.
Analytical potentials from a b i n i t i o computations for the interaction between biomolecules. V. Formyl-triglycyl amide and water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The interaction energy of formyl-triglycyl amide (FTGA) with water has been analyzed following the techniques described in the previous papers of this series, where the interaction of water with the naturally occurring amino acids (and some of their zwitter ions) and with the four bases of DNA were examined. FTGA has been chosen in order to obtain a realistic atomic interaction potential of water with the backbone of proteins. Since the peptide linkage (CO–NH) and the terminal formyl group are formed by atoms that are in a different electronic environment than those previously analyzed in this series of papers, new ’’classes’’ of atoms have been added to our pairwise potential library. In the computation of the wavefunction and energy of the FTGA–water complex, we have considered two different conformations of FTGA and a total of 158 positions and orientations of the water molecule. As previously done, the computed SCF–LCAO–MO interaction energies have been fitted with a set of pair potentials of very simple analytical form. The water positions corresponding to energy minima are analyzed with the help of contour maps, where isoenergetic curves are displayed.
Geometric group theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Geometric group theory refers to the study of discrete groups using tools from topology, geometry, dynamics and analysis. The field is evolving very rapidly and the present volume provides an introduction to and overview of various topics which have played critical roles in this evolution. The book contains lecture notes from courses given at the Park City Math Institute on Geometric Group Theory. The institute consists of a set of intensive short courses offered by leaders in the field, designed to introduce students to exciting, current research in mathematics. These lectures do not duplicate standard courses available elsewhere. The courses begin at an introductory level suitable for graduate students and lead up to currently active topics of research. The articles in this volume include introductions to CAT(0) cube complexes and groups, to modern small cancellation theory, to isometry groups of general CAT(0) spaces, and a discussion of nilpotent genus in the context of mapping class groups and CAT(0) groups. One course surveys quasi-isometric rigidity, others contain an exploration of the geometry of Outer space, of actions of arithmetic groups, lectures on lattices and locally symmetric spaces, on marked length spectra and on expander graphs, Property tau and approximate groups. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in geometric group theory.
The interleaved matching switch architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Operators need routers to provide service guarantees such as guaranteed flow rates and fairness among flows, so as to support traffic engineering and real-time traffic. However, current centralized input-queued router architectures cannot scale to fast line rates while providing these service guarantees. On the other hand, while load-balanced switch architectures that rely on two identical stages of fixed-configuration switches appear to be an effective way to scale Internet routers to very high capacities, there is currently no practical and scalable solution for providing service guarantees in these architectures. In this paper, we introduce the interleaved matching switch (IMS) architecture, which relies on a novel approach to provide service guarantees using load-balanced switches. The approach is based on emulating a Birkhoff-von Neumann switch with a load-balanced switch architecture and is applicable to any known admissible traffic. We show that service guarantees, 100% throughput, and packet ordering can be achieved with O(1) online complexity. In cases where fixed frame sizes are applicable, we also present an efficient offline frame-based decomposition method. More generally, we show that the IMS architecture can be used to emulate any input queued or combined input-output queued switch, leveraging a large body of known results for ensuring stability.
290 Why hesitate to call the ambulance?Pre-hospital delay after a quad bike crash

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Aim

Riding quad bikes or all-terrain vehicles is a popular recreational sport in Dubai, (United Arab Emirates) with no literature on the injury risk and access to emergency care. This mixed-method study aims to identify any delay in access to emergency care after a quadbike crash and explore the reasons for the delay.

Method

The study extracted quad bike-related injury data from Dubai Ambulatory Care Services (DCAS) database between 01/01/2017 and 01/01/2021. Multivariate analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 28. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was followed by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders. The interviews were analyzed using NVivo version 12 (QSR International. Version 12, 2021) following a thematic content analytical approach.

Result

Of the 226 quad bike crash-related calls to DCAS, 14.6% fit the definition of a delayed call to emergency care. Emirati nationals were less likely to delay calling the ambulance when compared to tourists and non-national expatriates (Odds Ratio=0.388 [95% CI:0.175–0.858]; p=0.019). This was seen in the model adjusted for gender, time, age and injury. Preliminary analysis of stakeholder interviews identified trust in emergency care services, insurance coverage and proximity of emergency care services decreased the delay in using emergency services.

Learning outcomes

Despite a well-connected and responsive ambulatory care service in Dubai, tourists and non-national quad bike riders are hesitant to use emergency care services. To improve treatment and recovery, interventions must target to improve insurance coverage and awareness of the available facilities.
Outcomes research in head and neck oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The goals of outcomes research are the determination of treatment effectiveness and the use of that information as an aid in clinical decision making. Methods used in outcomes research include observational studies, secondary data analysis, structured literature review, and meta-analysis. In head and neck oncology, outcome measures have expanded to include quality of life and cost-effectiveness in addition to more traditional outcomes, such as survival and recurrence. A standard, and more inclusive, set of tumor- and patient-based variables has been proposed. With a better framework for the clinical study of head and neck cancer, outcomes research has the potential to identify the subgroups of patients who will benefit from treatment.
The Effects of Various Regional and Global Integration Indices on Foreign Direct Investment (Case Study: OPEC Countries)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic integration at global and regional level is one of the most important consequences of mutual relationships of countries. Given that capital is the stimulant of economic growth and development and developing countries are often faced with lack of capital, they are trying to compensate this with foreign borrowing but regarding crises resulted from it foreign direct investment is being used as its substitute. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of economic integration and globalization on FDI attraction. In order to achieve the above goal foreign direct investment equation for Asian countries is estimated by Stata software using panel data during 2001-2011 based on theoretical literature of gravity model and using of econometric methods. Our results, as we expected reveal that there is a positive relation between economic integration and foreign investment. Comparison of results in different cases shows that co-integration has more impacts on FDI for OPEC Countries under globalization conditions. In globalization cases, integration is the best choice for attracting of FDI in OPEC.
A data-driven optimization heuristic for downside risk minimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In practical portfolio choice models risk is often defined as value-at-risk (VAR), expected shortfall, maximum loss, Omega function, etc, and is computed from simulated future scenarios of the portfolio value. It is well known that the minimization of these functions cannot, in general, be performed with standard methods. We present a multipurpose data-driven optimization heuristic capable of dealing efficiently with a variety of risk functions and practical constraints on the positions in the portfolio. The efficiency and robustness of the heuristic is illustrated by solving a collection of real-world portfolio optimization problems using different risk functions such as VAR, expected shortfall, maximum loss and Omega function with the same algorithm.
Social Media Marketing Development Plan for Goodio

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis was to create a social media development plan for the commissioning company Goodio and find out how they can acquire more customers and increase brand awareness with successful social media marketing and brand differentiation. The theoretical framework was divided into marketing themes of customer acquisition, brand communication and social media marketing. These three main themes have subtopics, such as customer relationship management, customer lifecycle, brand awareness, brand equity and social media strategy. The last chapter of the theoretical framework briefly explains the reader the characteristics and challenges in the U.S. market. The research was conducted in both qualitative and quantitative manner. The qualitative research was implemented through a semi-structured interview with Goodio’s a company representative in charge of the U.S market, who was also the company contact person throughout the thesis writing process. In addition, qualitative research was conducted by analysing two Goodio’s main competitors’ social media channels. The quantitative part of the research was collected from Goodio’s social media channels and internal company marketing analytics. The company representative granted the thesis writer access to the company’s marketing analytics, therefore the data researched and presented is very valid and reliable. The results indicated that Goodio should strive to engage their customers more with their social media content and continue to focus on their Instagram channel rather than Facebook. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the company’s recent marketing efforts, but since Goodio already has a strong brand image and value, it is easier to start growing their Instagram channel to reach more customers. HU Kitchen and Raaka Chocolate were noted to be the biggest competitors for Goodio. The results pointed out that Goodio should strive for brand differentiation by emphasizing their brand values of transparency, wellbeing and sustainability. Based on the findings of the research Goodio’s biggest strength and competitive advantage is the Nordic background and the story behind the brand and it should be emphasized in the social media marketing for American consumers.
Multiple venous aneurysms in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a diverse group of rare disorders, defined by persistent peripheral blood eosinophilia (>1500 per mm 3 ), the absence of a primary cause of eosinophilia (such as parasitic or allergic disease), and evidence of eosinophil-mediated end-organ damage. Arterial aneurysms have been previously reported in these patients. This is the first report of a patient with HES and multiple venous aneurysms, causing recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism. Venous aneurysms can represent eosinophil-mediated, potentially fatal end-organ damage in patients with HES.
Bedlam in Beirut: A British Perspective in 1826

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Foreign consuls from European states compiled countless communiques about the state of the Ottoman Empire during the turbulent early nineteenth century, a period fraught with internal and external crises triggered by war, revolt, sectarian tension, the breakdown of once effective governing institutions, and European rivalries associated with the Eastern Question. Consular records offer firsthand information and a treasure trove of detail on economic, commercial, social, political, and military conditions in the Ottoman world. By relating specific incidents, episodes, and situations, eyewitness commentaries by consuls provide insight into urban and rural affairs and shed light on the human dimension of everyday life in Ottoman society during a time of chronic disorder and unrest. These advantages largely explain why scholars have tapped consular writings as a valuable resource for studying such topics as the Smyrna rebellion of 1797 and Ottoman reprisals against Greek Orthodox Christian subjects in Smyrna and Thessaloniki after the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821. The unpublished document presented here, composed in 1826 by British consul John Barker in Aleppo, describes a failed Greek naval assault on Beirut and the harsh response by regional authorities against local Christians in this multiconfessional Levantine port. Barker's account merits attention and commentary by historians of the Greek revolt and Ottoman society and exemplifies the usefulness of consular reports, widely dispersed in the archives of Britain, France, Russia, and Turkey, for examining specific aspects of the Ottoman Levant.
Staphylococcal aconitase expression during iron deficiency is controlled by an sRNA-driven feedforward loop and moonlighting activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pathogenic bacteria employ complex systems to cope with metal ion shortage conditions and propagate in the host. IsrR is a regulatory RNA (sRNA) whose activity is decisive for optimum Staphylococcus aureus fitness upon iron starvation and for full virulence. IsrR down-regulates several genes encoding iron-containing enzymes to spare iron for essential processes. Here, we report that IsrR regulates the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by controlling aconitase (CitB), an iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzyme, and its transcriptional regulator, CcpE. This IsrR-dependent dual-regulatory mechanism provides an RNA-driven feedforward loop, underscoring the tight control required to prevent aconitase expression. Beyond its canonical enzymatic role, aconitase becomes an RNA-binding protein with regulatory activity in iron-deprived conditions, a feature that is conserved in S. aureus. Aconitase not only negatively regulates its own expression, but also impacts the enzymes involved in both its substrate supply and product utilization. This moonlighting activity concurrently upregulates pyruvate carboxylase expression, allowing it to compensate for the TCA cycle deficiency associated with iron scarcity. These results highlight the cascade of complex posttranscriptional regulations controlling S. aureus central metabolism in response to iron deficiency.
The application of text type in non-literary translation teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite the relevance of text type to translation practice, especially to Chinese-English non-literary translation in which the two languages display remarkable textual differences, there has been a general lack of attention to the text type-related issues in translation teaching in Chinese universities. Centered upon translation of literary works, the teaching has long focused on techniques at the lexical and syntactic level, and a text-based approach has yet to be adopted. This coincides with the clear tendency in the assignment of non-literary translation that students are quite active in making adaptation at the lexical and syntactic level, but much more reluctant to make decisions at the textual level. Despite their intuitive awareness of the textual differences between the two languages, they are not well trained to effectively deal with such differences so that the translated text can fulfill its communicative function. This article is an attempt to pinpoint this problem and highlight the necessity of including text type in translation pedagogy. It also experimentally proposes a new teaching framework within which text type is taught in a systematic manner.
Importance of FDTD in plasmonic devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Development of integrated electronic and photonic circuits has led to distinctive data processing and transport capabilities. Scaling these devices to smaller and smaller dimension make these devices not only faster, power efficient and inexpensive components, but also lead to new challenges. A very important challenge is the growing size mismatch between photonic and electronic elements. To overcome this hurdle a new device technology, Plasmonic, is quickly becoming a dominant technology, which can facilitate information between integrated nanoscale components at optical frequencies by forming a medium between nano-electronic and micro-photonics. In this paper, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD), a universal brute-force numerical method in optics and electromagnetism is studied, which is used to analyze the plasmonic devices. FDTD method is aimed to solve Maxwell's equations by discretising both in space and time domain.
Applying Simulation to Interative Manufacturing Cell Design

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Launching a manufacturing cell to be efficient and lean, yet profitable, is a time-consuming process and is often based on many assumptions. The utilization of simulation models to help design the cell and the logistical structure to support it can expedite and streamline the development process. Assumptions and designs can be validated to help insure effective operations as soon as possible. We have developed a generic simulation model and associated capacity analysis, schedule planning, and target inventory setting software to support the computer based assessment of the operation of cells typical to the plastic manufacturing industry before capital investments are finalized. Model input describes a particular cell, the products it produces, and customer demand for these products. Results show the customer service level, product inventory levels, equipment utilization, and the daily production schedule. Spreadsheet software supports data entry and report examination. All software is integrated in a single simulation environment.
Twentieth-century France : politics and society 1898-1991

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Originally published as Dreyfus to de Gaulle, this authoritative account has been revised and extended, its greater chronological range reflected in the new title.Two substantial additional chapters have been incorporated focussing on the presidencies of Pompidou, Giscard d'Estaing, and Mitterrand and on the immense social and economic changes the country has expereinced in the years since 1969. No other book provides such a stimulating and up-to-date study of modern France.
Animal Cruelty and Elder Abuse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Continuing and expanding the American Psychological Association's guidance that those in counseling roles be alert to and ask questions about care of animals could provide some early warnings, perhaps in time to avoid harm to both animals and people. Encouraging our children to interact with kindness towards animals can’t help but pay dividends over the life course. We need to pay attention to the link of indifference or neglect of pets leading to the same with humans, with those in later life.
Variation in performance of European dairy cattle in Ceylon

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The existence of a high degree of variability in all production traits of dairy cattle in tropical countries has been demonstrated. Evidence has been adduced to show that this is due largely to increased environmental variability than to any great inherent differences between animals. The conclusion is drawn that, despite minor differences, the genetics of milk production in tropical dairy cattle is fundamentally very similar to that in European stock.
Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Pathway in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Status and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Following Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder, sharing an unclear pathophysiology, a multifactorial profile, and massive social costs worldwide. Despite this, no disease-modifying therapy is available. PD is tightly associated with α-synuclein (α-Syn) deposits, which become organised into insoluble, amyloid fibrils. As a typical intrinsically disordered protein, α-Syn adopts a monomeric, random coil conformation in an aqueous solution, while its interaction with lipid membranes drives the transition of the molecule part into an α-helical structure. The central unstructured region of α-Syn is involved in fibril formation by converting to well-defined, β-sheet rich secondary structures. Presently, most therapeutic strategies against PD are focused on designing small molecules, peptides, and peptidomimetics that can directly target α-Syn and its aggregation pathway. Other approaches include gene silencing, cell transplantation, stimulation of intracellular clearance with autophagy promoters, and degradation pathways based on immunotherapy of amyloid fibrils. In the present review, we sum marise the current advances related to α-Syn aggregation/neurotoxicity. These findings present a valuable arsenal for the further development of efficient, nontoxic, and non-invasive therapeutic protocols for disease-modifying therapy that tackles disease onset and progression in the future.
Literacies of Refuge: “Pidiendo Posada” as Ritual of Justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores how a secondary ethnic studies course leveraged immigrant families’ literacies rooted in the Mexican spiritual ritual of Las Posadas for in-school literacy instruction and to engage in community-responsive grassroots processions as social protest. Using ethnographic and participatory design research, the authors—one a university researcher and the other an ethnic studies teacher—examine the literacy practices of a long-standing immigrant community–classroom partnership that unites day laborers, families, students, and teachers in the name of justice and refuge. Using photographs, interviews, students’ literacy artifacts, focus groups, and field notes, this study asks, (a) What do literacies look like in an ethnic studies course that designed learning around local community knowledge and sanctuary? (b) How do students respond to such curricular design? This study contributes ethnographic knowledge on school-based participatory research projects that build on the intergenerational literacies, sociopolitical awareness, and social movements of Latinx immigrant families.