jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Physical frailty correlates with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver burden in alzheimer's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify the association of physical frailty with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODS: The subjects were 1,193 AD patients who presented to the Memory Clinic at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology of Japan during the period from October 2010 to February 2015 (mean ± SD age = 78.8 ± 6.3 years; female, 68.6%). AD was diagnosed based on the criteria of the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association workgroups. The Frailty Index (FI) was calculated as the ratio of actual to 38 potential deficits. BPSD and caregiver burden were assessed by using the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale (DBD) and the Japanese version of Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI). Multiple linear regression analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to examine the relationship between the FI, DBD, and J-ZBI.RESULTS: The subjects' mean FI score was 0.16 ± 0.10, with 663 (55.6%) and 198 (16.6%) subjects shown to be pre-frail (0.08 ≤ FI < 0.25) and frail (FI ≥ 0.25), respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses and SEM showed that the FI was independently associated with both DBD (β = 0.30, P < .001) and J-ZBI (β = 0.13, P < .001). Moreover, when the FI was considered as a categorical variable, even pre-frailty was associated with increased DBD score (β = 0.16, P < .001) and J-ZBI score (β = 0.09, P = .003).CONCLUSIONS: The presence of not only physical frailty but also pre-frailty, as determined by the FI, could increase BPSD and caregiver burden in patients with AD.© Copyright 2018 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. PMID: 30474939
“When Will the Time Finally Come When There Will Only Be Humans”: An Unknown Letter from Beethoven to Heinrich von Struve

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Transcription, translation, and discussion of a recently discovered letter from Ludwig van Beethoven to Heinrich von Struve from 1795. In the letter, Beethoven expresses a yearning for a time when there are only humans, without distinctions of rank and class. This sentiment accords with Schiller's ode An die Freude, which Beethoven set to music more than once.
Renal Dysfunction, COVID-19 Infection, and Mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Critically ill patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) infection have diverse clinical manifestations including renal dysfunction which can determine their short-term outcomes We assess if renal dysfunction on day one of hospital admission is associated with increased mortality risk of patients with severe COVID-19 infection Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of records of patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between March 4 and April 11, 2020 Patients were divided into two groups based on serum creatinine level on day one of hospital admission Group 1 included patients with normal serum creatinine (SCr) 1 10 mg/dl while group 2 included patients with high SCr > 1 10 mg/dl The primary outcome was mortality Secondary outcomes were the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), duration of RRT, development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and need for mechanical ventilation Comparisons between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables Mortality was evaluated with a Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis Results: A total of 47 patients were included: 27 in group 1 and 20 in group 2 Patients in group 2 compared to group 1 were older (67 vs 56, p=0 04), more frequently African Americans (11% vs 45%, p=0 02), hypertensives (80% vs 52%, p=0 05) with chronic kidney disease (25% vs 0%, p=0 01), without significant differences sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking status or use of renin-angiotensin antagonists 8 patients in group 2 and 3 patients in group 1 died, with significant difference in cumulative survival (Figure 1) Need for RRT (55% vs 41%, p=0 33), duration of RRT (6 vs 3 days, p=0 08), development of ARDS (85% vs 81%, p=0 75) and need for mechanical ventilation (65% vs 61%, p=0 89) were not significantly different between groups 2 and 1 Conclusions: The presence of renal dysfunction on the day of hospital admission is associated with increased hospital mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infection
Triticum aestivum L. var. ferrugineum (Alef.) Mansf., TRI 5325

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Triticum aestivum L. var. ferrugineum (Alef.) Mansf. Accession number: TRI 5325 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1957 Origin country: ARG Biological status: Advanced/improved cultivar MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Human Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Reveals Misidentification and Misunderstandings of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola, and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious human pathogen associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics and high mortality. K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae are closely related organisms that are generally considered to be less-virulent opportunistic pathogens. We used a large, comprehensive, population-based strain collection and whole-genome sequencing to investigate infections caused by these organisms in our hospital system. We discovered that K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae isolates are often misidentified as K. pneumoniae by routine clinical microbiology diagnostics and frequently cause severe life-threatening infections similar to K. pneumoniae . The presence of KPC in K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae strains as well as NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in one K. variicola strain is particularly concerning because these genes confer resistance to many different beta-lactam antibiotics. The sharing of plasmids, as well as evidence of homologous recombination, between these three species of Klebsiella is cause for additional concern.
FPN Attenuation by Reset-Drain Actuation in the Linear-Logarithmic Active Pixel Sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The three FET CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) operating in the linear-logarithmic mode is one of the most efficient wide-dynamic-range imagers. However, the quality of the image generated at the focal-plane array is often compromised by fixed-pattern noise (FPN) between pixels. The classical correlated double sampling (CDS) technique is used to reduce FPN in imagers operating in the linear mode. But in the complementary linear-logarithmic mode CDS does not work properly and alternative techniques must be applied to reduce FPN. The ordinary alternative techniques increase either the complexity of the pixel or its external circuitry. In order to avoid these problems a new technique was devised to reduce FPN that can be applied to the basic three FET APS architecture. With the purpose to assert the efficacy of the proposed technique a small array was fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is able to reduce FPN quite steadily within the whole illumination range used to test the array. And therefore, the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of the array is also improved within the whole range of operation.
Tailored Presolve Techniques in Branch-and-Bound Method for Fast Mixed-Integer Optimal Control Applications

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mixed-integer model predictive control (MI-MPC) can be a powerful tool for modeling hybrid control systems. In case of a linear-quadratic objective in combination with linear or piecewise-linear system dynamics and inequality constraints, MI-MPC needs to solve a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP) at each sampling time step. This paper presents a collection of block-sparse presolve techniques to efficiently remove decision variables, and to remove or tighten inequality constraints, tailored to mixed-integer optimal control problems (MIOCP). In addition, we describe a novel heuristic approach based on an iterative presolve algorithm to compute a feasible but possibly suboptimal MIQP solution. We present benchmarking results for a C code implementation of the proposed BB-ASIPM solver, including a branch-and-bound (B&B) method with the proposed tailored presolve techniques and an active-set based interior point method (ASIPM), compared against multiple state-of-the-art MIQP solvers on a case study of motion planning with obstacle avoidance constraints. Finally, we demonstrate the computational performance of the BB-ASIPM solver on the dSPACE Scalexio real-time embedded hardware using a second case study of stabilization for an underactuated cart-pole with soft contacts.
Sodium and Potassium Ions in Endolymph: In Vivo Measurements With Glass Microelectrodes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

IN 1906, Cremer reported that when a thin glass membrane was interposed between two aqueous solutions, an electric potential difference was observed which was very sensitive to change in acidity.1Horovitz and Schiller later found that the introduction of boron oxide caused glass electrodes to become nearly as sensitive to Na+as to H+.1In 1957, Eisenman et al1,2characterized the range of glass composition which had sufficiently high selectivities for Na+or K+to be practical for use in the measurement of Na+, on the one hand, or K+, on the other. Hinke1,3,4constructed Na+and K+glass microelectrodes to measure the intracellular activities of these cations. Khuri1,5further developed the cation sensitive microelectrode for biological use. In 1954, Smith et al6using a flame photometer reported that endolymph of the inner ear of the guinea pig had a high potassium and low
How is the human umbilical artery regulated?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this review is to present an update of the main mechanisms involved in the physiological regulation of contraction and relaxation of the human umbilical artery (HUA) smooth muscle cells. A literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the regulation of the HUA are presented in this article. The vascular smooth muscle is a highly specialized structure, whose main function is to regulate the vascular tonus. This is controlled by a balance between the cellular signaling pathways that mediate contraction and relaxation. The cells responsible for the contractile property of this muscle are the smooth muscle cells (SMC), and an excellent source of these cells is the HUA, involved in fetoplacental circulation. Since the umbilical blood vessels are not innervated, the HUA tonus is modulated by vasoactive substances that regulate the contractile process. The main vasoactive substances that induce contraction are serotonin, histamine, thromboxane, bradykinin, endothelin 1 and prostaglandin F2α, that are linked to the activation of proteins G q and G i/0 . On the other hand, the main vasorelaxation mechanisms are the activation of adenyl and guanil cyclases, potassium channels and the inhibition of calcium channels. The SMC from the HUA allow the study of different cellular mechanisms and their functions. Therefore, these cells are an important tool to study the mechanisms regulating the contractility of this artery, allowing to detect potential therapeutic targets to treat HUA disorders (gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia).
Menschen sind nicht illegal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Time and time again, reports and political discourse talk about illegal immigration. Immigration from Africa to Europe and its often deadly consequences are described as illegal and dangerous. The immigrants are labeled as refugees, migrants and ultimately as illegal people. The author focuses on selected African and German novels. In doing so, he examines the experiences of crossing borders and takes a literary look at the migration border policy of the receiving countries. Kpanté Wayigma holds a doctorate in Intercultural German Studies from the University of Bayreuth. His field of research is contemporary African-Francophone and German-language migration literature.
Deoxyschizandrin improved the absorption of P-glycosprotein (P-gp) Substrate Drugs in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

eoxyschizandrin improved the absorption of P-glycosprotein (P-gp) Substrate Drugs in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells
The development of interprofessional collaboration in different contexts of multidisciplinary residency in Family Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) was analyzed in a multidisciplinary residency program in Family Health through the application of an interprofessional collaboration typology proposed by D’Amour et al. An analytical study involving multiple cases was carried out, using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with program coordinators, mentors and residents in two municipalities in the Brazilian state of Ceará, totaling 24 participants. The body of data underwent a thematic analysis based on D’Amour’s typology with triangulation of information gathered during the observation and interviews. All IPC indicators were found to have strengthened, both as a result of the political-pedagogical management of the program, as well as the work process involved in the Family Health Strategy. The Multidisciplinary Residency in Family Health is an innovative project, although the dynamics for interprofessional education at work still need to be better systematized in order to effectively ensure an active IPC. We suggest strengthening mentoring in service by means of training and greater acknowledgement of these professionals.
Assessment\nof Alkylated and Unsubstituted Polycyclic\nAromatic Hydrocarbons in Air in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas in Toronto,\nCanada

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

22 alkylated polycyclic\naromatic hydrocarbons (alk-PAHs) were characterized\nin ambient air individually for the first time in urban and semi-urban\nlocations in Toronto, Canada. Five unsubstituted PAHs were included\nfor comparison. Results from the measurements were used to estimate\nbenzo­[<i>a</i>]­pyrene equivalent toxicity (BaPeq) of individual\ncompounds in order to investigate the significance of a single compound\nin contributing to the overall toxic equivalency (TEQ) of air mixtures.\nTo determine which compounds merit further investigation, BaPeq values\nof individual compounds were compared to the measured BaP toxicity.\nOur results showed that both unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs were\nmore abundant in the urban area (38 and 30%, respectively). Benzo­[<i>a</i>]­pyrene levels at the urban location exceeded Ontario’s\n24 h guideline (40% of the events), and on average, it was 5 times\nhigher than that at the semi-urban area. Gas-phase two- and three-ring\ncompounds contributed up to 39% (urban) and 76% (semi-urban) of the\nTEQ of all compounds analyzed. Some alk-PAHs such as 7,12-dimethylbenzo­[<i>a</i>]­anthracene had a huge impact on the toxicity of urban\nair, and its BaPeq was on average 8 times higher than that of BaP.\nWe emphasize that the toxic impact of alkylated and gaseous PAHs,\nwhich is not routinely included in many air monitoring programs, is\nsignificant and should not be neglected.
Mitral Valve Prolapse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the 30 yr since the modern description of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), controversy has raged over whether MVP is a ubiquitous syndrome that causes a wide range of symptoms and signs or whether it is a moderately common and usually benign form of straight-forward valvular heart disease. Systematic research has shown MVP to occur in 3-5% of adult women and men with autosomal inheritance. MVP is associated with low body weight, low blood pressure, and thoracic bony abnormalities and may be complicated by severe mitral regurgitation or infective endocarditis in 2-5% by age 75. Although many clinical studies report chest pain, dyspnea, and anxiety-related symptoms among patients with MVP, these associations have not been confirmed in controlled trials; alternative explanations for these symptoms should be sought. Management of MVP should be related to the need to prevent infective endocarditis and the degree of mitral regurgitation that is present. (Cardiol Rev 1993;1:50-58)
Experimental Study on Low-Velocity Impact Performance of GFRP Trapezoidal Corrugated Sandwich Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Glass fiber trapezoidal corrugated sandwich structures are composed of trapezoidal cores and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) panels. A series of low-velocity impact tests were conducted to investigate the impact resistance performance, considering the effects of impact position, impactor shape, and impactor diameter on the damage mechanism of sandwich structures. When the impactor shape and impact energy remain constant, the maximum impact load at the node impact point is higher than at the base, while the displacement of impact at the base is significantly higher than that at the node. Secondly, when the impactor diameter and energy of the impactor are the same, the hemispherical impactor requires less penetration energy to impact the sandwich structure compared to the flat impactor. Comparing the shape of the impactor, it is found that the smaller the contact surface of the impactor, the more concentrated the stress, and the lower the required penetration energy. Finally, when the impactor shape and impact energy are the same, as the diameter of impactor increases, the damage expansion during impacting on the sandwich structure becomes more sufficient, resulting in decreased impact displacement and smaller impact damage caused to the sandwich structure.
DNA-bridging by a palindromic alpha-helix.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The nucleosomal DNA repeat of 240 base pairs in the chromatin structure of sea urchin sperm is exceptionally long and is accompanied by the presence of a histone H1 molecule larger than is usual in most species of chromatin. I propose how these two features are correlated and how they fit into the solenoidal model for the 300-A-diameter fiber of chromatin. Comparison of the sequence of spermatogenous H1 with other H1 sequences reveals an insert of 55 amino acid residues (residues 122-176). A 37-residue sequence in the insert (residues 140-176) has a palindromic character. I propose that each half of the palindromic sequence constitutes an alpha-helical DNA-binding unit and that the continuous alpha-helix made up of the two halves, by virtue of its palindromic nature, stabilizes the formation of an extra superhelical turn by the long linker DNA between two nucleosome cores. The N-terminal-C-terminal "polarity" of each alpha-helical section of half the palindromic sequence indicates how the arginine/lysine-rich DNA-binding surface of the alpha-helical section is used. The polarity of the H1 insertion sequence supports the so-called "reverse-loop" model or a "figure-eight" model for the path of the DNA within the solenoid structure; i.e., the linker DNA forms a right-handed superhelical turn toward the center of the solenoid structure. This use of a pair of a palindromically related alpha-helical sections has a similarity with the "scissors-grip" model for the interaction of the leucine-zipper proteins with DNA.
Searches for new particles decaying into jet pairs in ATLAS data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Results are presented on the search for new physics in the dijet mass and angular distributions using data collected in 2010 and 2011 with the ATLAS detector. Results of searches in dijet angular distributions with 36 pb −1 of data are taken from [1], whilst new results of searches in dijet mass distributions with 163 pb−1 of data collected in 2011 are shown for the ﬁrst time [2]. No evidence for resonances was found in the updated sample. Improved limits are set on the product of cross section and acceptance for excited-quark (q∗) and axigluon production as a function of q∗ and axigluon mass. These exclude at the 95% CL the q∗ mass interval 0.80 &lt; mq∗ &lt; 2.49 TeVand the axigluon mass interval 0.80 &lt; m &lt; 2.67 TeV. Production cross section limits as a function of dijet mass are also set using a simpliﬁed Gaussian signal model to facilitate comparisons with other hypotheses.
Seasonal incidence of Plutella xylostella L. on Cabbage in Arid region of Rajasthan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The incidence of Plutella xylostella larvae appeared after 35 days of transplanting and attained its peak period in the last week of January. The population fluctuated from 2.0 to 11.0 larvae/plant. The maximum temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall had positive non-significant correlation while minimum temperature showed positive significant correlation with the larval population.
Mapping of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance genes on the wheat‐rye translocated chromosome T1BL·1RS using molecular and biochemical markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance genes on the 1RS arm of the T1BL·1RS translocated chromosome were mapped in relation to the Sec‐1 locus and AFLP and restriction fragment length polymorphism markers, respectively, employing segregating F 3 populations. Integration of molecular markers indicated that Pm17 lies between the Lr26 and Sec‐1 loci, with both resistance genes allocated distally to the Sec‐1 locus in the satellite of the 1RS arm.
Wilson Dirac spectrum for QCD with dynamical quarks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

All microscopic correlation functions of the spectrum of the Hermitian Wilson Dirac operator with any number of flavors with equal masses are computed. In particular, we give explicit results for the spectral density in the physical case with two light quark flavors. The results include the leading effect in the discretization error and are given for fixed index of the Wilson Dirac operator. They have been obtained starting from chiral Lagrangians for the generating function of the Dirac spectrum. Microscopic correlation functions of the real eigenvalues of the Wilson Dirac operator are computed following the same approach.