jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of waste cleaning automation system for the shrimp pond bottom

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In intensive shrimp cultivation system, residual waste that settled at the bottom of the pond is impacting water quality. Therefore, there is a need to regularly clean this residual to maintain the water quality in good condition. In this paper we describe the automatic instrument system to clean up the bottom of the pond. This waste cleaning instrument uses the principle of equilibrium between the main component in the form of a pyramid and supporting components, namely the water container. The pyramid has a dimension of 2x2x1.3m and 4 poles that serve as rails and support for pulleys that hang both components. The framework of the pyramid is made of pipes and then the frame is coated with HDPE sheets and solar flat. The pyramid will go up and down in accordance with the water container, if it is filled with water and empty automatically because it is installed two submersible pumps to drain and fill the water container. From the field test results it was found that this instrument works effectively, where in one cleaning, it can be done in less than 5 minutes compared to conventional cleaning which takes hours.
HOT FLOW PRESSURE MAP OF A VACUUM FACILITY AS A FUNCTION OF FLOW RATE TO STUDY FACILITY EFFECTS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A neutral background pressure map of the Large Vacuum Test Facility (LVTF) at the University of Michigan is presented. The LVTF was mapped at hot anode (i.e., discharge on) flow rates of 5.25 and 10.46 mg/s, corresponding to P5 Hall thruster operating conditions of 1.5 and 3.0 kW. The chamber pressure was mapped at nominal xenon pumping speeds of 140,000 and 240,000 l/s, corresponding to base pressures of 1.3x10 -6 Torr and 7.3x10 -7 Torr, respectively. The pressure map was performed with a rake consisting of five calibrated Bayard-Alpert (BA) hot-cathode ionization gauges. Analysis of axial pressure profiles on the LVTF's centerline shows that the plume pressure decreases from a maximum at the thruster exit plane down to the facility background pressure at approximately 2 m downstream of the exit plane. In addition, a neutral gas background pressure map of Vacuum Facility 12 (VF-12) at the NASA Glenn Research Center is presented. VF-12 was mapped at a series of cold anode flow rates corresponding to P5 Hall thruster operating conditions of 1.5, 3.0 and 9.0 kW. The chamber pressure was mapped at a nominal xenon pumping speed of 282,000 l/s with a rake consisting of the same five BA hot-cathode ionization gauges used in the LVTF. The cold flow pressure in VF-12 rapidly decreases out to approximately 2 m downstream of the thruster exit plane. From this point, the pressure slowly, but continually drops as the cryosurfaces are approached. Cryopump location affects the neutral density gradients within a vacuum facility and should be carefully considered when analyzing plume and performance data or designing a new Hall thruster facility. The hot flow neutral density profiles of each facility will be used to help correct performance and plume measurements for facility effects.
The association between clinical mastitis and milk yield in dairy cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT A study of 1514 lactations that occurred between 1977 and 1982 in 790 Friesian, Ayrshire and Holstein crossbred cows was undertaken. One thousand and eighty-four of these lactations were used to consider the association between the occurrence of clinical mastitis and changes in milk yield, and to illustrate a technique that enables the previous lactation history of a cow to be used for estimating changes associated with the disease. The lactation curves were described using the model y(n) = an b e −cn from which values for peak yield, persistency, rate of decline at week 25, and recorded and extrapolated 305-day yield were calculated. A significant correlation between successive lactations of the same animal was observed for each of these variables. Pairs of successive lactations free from clinical mastitis were then compared by regression analysis with lactations in which the preceding lactation was free from the disease whilst the second lactation of the pair was infected. Significant reductions in peak yield, recorded and extrapolated 305-day yield were found when mastitis occurred before the week of peak yield. A reduction in recorded 305-day yield was also observed when the disease occurred between peak and 10 weeks after peak. Mastitis later in the lactation had no significant effect. The mean reduction in recorded 305-day yield of 540 kg when mastitis occurred before peak for a cow with a mean yield of 4830 kg, was higher than previous estimates. No evidence of recovery was observed in subsequent lactations that were free of clinical infection, indicating that once a cow has contracted mastitis it may not achieve its full milk-yield potential in the next lactation.
Determinants and Consequences of Children's Questions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Ross, HILDY S., and BALZER, RITA H. Determinants and Consequences of Children's Questions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 536-539. Children from grades 1, 3, and 5 were exposed in pairs to a series of slides accompanied by descriptive statements, and invited to ask questions. Questions were answered for 1 member in each pair. Providing answers significantly increased the frequency of questions among Answer Ss. In addition, Answer Ss remembered significantly more than did No-Answer Ss 3 days after the presentation of the stimuli.
Breeding and utilization of a new early hybrid rice combination T You 15 with early to medium maturity and high grain yield.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

T You 15,derived from T98A,a fine quality CMS line,and R15,a new restorer line,is a new three-line early hybrid rice combination developed by the Hunan Huaihua Aopulong Crop Breeding Engineering Institute.It has a good integrated characteristic and a high and stable yield.In 2006 and 2007,it yielded averagely 7.3 t/hm2,4.32% higher than the check hybrid Zhe 733 in the National Early Rice Regional Trials of the South Rice Growing Area.It showed a strong stress resistance,suitable early maturity,wide adaptability and easiness in hybrid seed production.It was certified and released by the State Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in November,2007.The breeding procedure,major characteristics and the key techniques of cultivation and hybrid seed production of T You 15 were introduced in this paper.
Low-temperature resistivity in nearly excitonic systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effects of spin and charge fluctuations in semimetals close to an excitonic transition have been investigated. The calculation of the resistivity has been performed for a particular anisotropic two-band model and yields an exchange-enhanced contribution proportional to T 2 in the limit of zero temperature. Low-temperature resistivity measurements are reported for ytterbium in the semimetallic range up to a pressure corresponding to the vanishing of the overlap. The large and pressure-dependent T 2 contribution which is found is in fair agreement with the theory. It is therefore suggested that manifestations of nearly excitonic systems are observed in Yb under pressure at low temperature.
Contemporary genetic adaptation in zoos and conservation breeding programs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Conservation breeding programs can be vital for combating biodiversity loss, but optimization of these programs is crucial for success. Genetic adaptation to captivity is suspected to hinder reintroductions yet remains largely untested. Using an extensive dataset of breeding programs, we assessed adaptive genetic change in 31 vertebrate populations, marking the broadest estimation of additive genetic variance of fitness to date. Our findings indicate widespread, adaptive genetic change in ex situ populations, with estimates comparable to wild populations. While this adaptation may enhance fitness in captivity, concerns arise regarding how genetic divergence could impact reintroduction success. Our results confirm the importance of anthropogenic effects on microevolution and highlight the need for a better understanding of genetic adaptation in captivity to ensure breeding populations can fulfill their potential.
Tangled Myths and Moral Networks: Pacific Comparanda and the Samothracian Sea

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Political and spiritual ecologies provide a framework for comparative analysis between the Melanesian kula and the civic and ritual institutions around the mystery cult of the Great Gods of Samothrace. These ecologies recognize the role of cosmology and cultural narrative in organizing social behavior into resilient responses that enable social and economic needs. This study utilizes three categories F. H. Damon has established for exploring the kula: collective thinking, social organizations, and the coupling of nature and culture in complex adaptive systems. Both Greek and Melanesian systems are characterized by asymmetrical exchange, a role for prominent families, identity, trust, and emotional intensity. Analogies at the cosmological level, legible in three Samothracian myths, suggest that the Greek systems rendered the natural world a model of the moral forces stipulated by proxenia grants that mitigated the anthropogenic risks of maritime travel, making myth as critical as civic institutions in realizing maritime safety.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SLUMP STRUCTURES OF THE EARLY OLIGOCENE SEDIMENTS OF THE PRE-APULIAN ZONE (ANTIPAXOS ISLAND, NORTH-WESTERN GREECE)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A spectacular slump is observed in the Alpine sediments of the Antipaxos Island (Pre-Apulian zone, Western Greece). It can be followed in a zone of about 2000 m, in the eastern coast of the island. The slumped unit exposure length extends for more than 200 m, and is directly overlain and underlain by undeformed strata. The slump has an average thickness of 15 m and is composed, as the surrounding undeformed units, of calcareous mudstones and fine-grained calcareous sandstones. Synsedimentary folds that very often are transformed to contorted beds affect slump sediments. Fold and contorted bed axes present a NNW-SSE direction, coinciding with the general direction of the Pre-Apulian zone. Slump and overlain/underlain undeformed sediments originate from the flux of clastic mainly pelagic/neritic biogenic particles, emanating from turbidity currents. More than 50 samples have been collected and analyzed for calcareous nannofossil content. All samples were featured by the contemporaneous presence of abundant nannofossil flora implying the biostratigraphic correlation with the NP23 nannofossil biozone. The biostratigraphic assignment places the slump and the surrounding sediments to the Early Oligocene. As the Pre-Apulian zone corresponds to the slope between the Apulian Platform and the Ionian Basin, the presence of the slump is directly related to the same age sloping and tectonic mobility of this domain. The Antipaxos turbidites sediments are well integrated to the flysch deposition of the external Hellenide foreland basin system.
Attosecond Time-Resolved Electron Dynamics in the Hydrogen Molecule

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in the generation and characterization of extreme-ultraviolet pulses, generated either by intense femtosecond lasers or by free electron lasers, are pushing the frontier of time-resolved investigations down to the attosecond domain, the relevant timescale for electron motion. The quantum nature of the intertwined electronic and nuclear motion requires theoretical models going beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation and taking into account electron correlation, representing a challenge for the computational power available nowadays. Understanding how the electron dynamics inside molecules can influence chemical reactions presents important implications in several fields and allows for the development of new technologies. In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical results of an investigation in ${\rm H_2/D_2}$ , where for the first time control of molecular dynamics with attosecond resolution was achieved. The data represent the first evidence of the control of the electron motion in a molecule undergoing a chemical reaction on the subfemtosecond scale.
Gentrification as space domestication. The High Line Art case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we critically examine the role of artistic locational choices and practices in the context of gentrification processes in urban renewal contexts. We characterize gentrification as a form of domestication of space, and explore the extent to which artistic choices and practices relate to such process with reference to the deontological dilemma of legitimization within the art system vs. responsible empowerment of vulnerable local constituencies. We illustrate our argument with an analysis of the High Line Art project, and show how this can be considered as a textbook example of art-driven space domestication leading to brutal forms of gentrification. We comment on the threat that this provides to the social credibility of artistic practices as an agency of responsible social change.
Can a city map be a picturebook? Alternative publishing formats for children

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on the analysis of maps in children's literature, including picturebooks, this text presents a collection of seven city maps distributed by Pato Lógico, as evidence of an alternative and personal geography. The chapter explores how city maps resemble picturebooks in the way that they create, through text, illustrations, and material support, an emerging narrative about a special place,
An Optimal Task Placement Strategy in Geo-Distributed Data Centers Involving Renewable Energy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, modern data centers are seeking for importing renewable energy together with conventional energy in order to be more environment-friendly and to reduce operation expenditures. Meanwhile, considering the fact that electricity prices and renewable energy generations are diverse in time and geography, a task scheduling strategy should be designed to ensure the efficient and economic operations of data centers. In this paper, an optimal task placement strategy is presented for geo-distributed data centers powered by mixed renewable and conventional energies with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technique. We aim at minimizing the total electricity cost and making full use of the renewable energy so as to construct green and economic data centers. The optimal task placement problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear problem (MINLP), in which the quality-of-service constraint is restricted by an M/G/1 queuing model. To tackle the complexity of the MINLP, we first transform it into a tractable form, and then develop an optimal sever activation configuration and task placement algorithm to solve it. The proposed algorithm can obtain the global optimal solution of the electricity minimization problem and meanwhile dramatically reduce the complexity of the problem solving. Finally, evaluations based on real-world traces exhibit impacts of different system parameters on the electricity cost and sever activation configurations, which prove the superiority of our proposed algorithm and provide us some illuminations on how to build cost-effective and eco-friendly data centers.
Functional Foods in Clinical Trials and Future Research Directions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical trials serve as a cornerstone in the meticulous assessment of the efficacy and myriad health benefits that functional foods offer. These trials are not merely confined to the specific domain of functional foods; rather, they resonate throughout the expansive realms of nutrition science and public health, illuminating the intricate interdependencies that exist among these disciplines. This interconnectedness is becoming increasingly apparent, emphasizing the significant influence of scientific inquiry on fostering healthier dietary habits and shaping well-informed public health strategies. Functional food clinical trials yield essential insights into the potential of functional foods to enhance health outcomes, thereby playing a pivotal role in the prevention of various ailments and substantially elevating the quality of life for individuals in diverse contexts. By delivering consistent and compelling results, these trials bolster the foundational knowledge requisite healthcare practitioners to navigate dietary decisions wisely. Ultimately, the impact of such trials transcends individual health, contributing to the collective well-being of communities. They serve as a vital link between scientific progress and practical implementation, ensuring that the benefits of research are seamlessly integrated into everyday dietary practices, thereby promoting a healthier society at large.
Cluster-Based Differentiation of the Socioeconomic Development Level for Municipal Units in the Steppe Regions of European Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article provides insight into the features of economic development in the steppe regions of European Russia. Russia’s steppe zone is regarded not only as a natural and geographical formation, but also as a socioeconomic space with specific problems. The paper presents the results of an analysis of socioeconomic development indicators for municipal units in the steppe regions of European Russia. Clustering-based classification was performed for the federal subjects forming the steppe space. The classification revealed the asymmetry of the economic potential common to the steppe regions of European Russia, which is a decrease in the level of economic development from west to east. The analysis identified regions of advanced development of municipalities: Krasnodar krai, Belgorod oblast, and Samara oblast, and depressed regions: the Republic of Kalmykia, Orenburg oblast, Saratov oblast, and Volgograd oblast. The position of the depressed regions limits the opportunities for integration with the Republic of Kazakhstan and development of cross-border cooperation in analogy with Euroregions. The work differentiates the municipal units based on attracted investments and industrial and agricultural production. The unevenness of economic development in the steppe regions of the Russian Federation manifests itself in polarization of economic indicators of the leading municipalities, the growth of which is primarily determined by natural-resource and spatial factors and sociodemographic reasons. The effect of space shrinkage of socioeconomic development of municipal units in the steppe zone is observed. This is reflected in the rural depopulation, which covers a considerable area, and decline in practical use of the territory. The effect of mutual influence has been revealed, which means that underperforming municipal units found at the periphery of growing regions are primarily border with depressed neighbors.
DNMT expression in hepatocellular cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the differential expression of DNA methyltransferase(DNMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods DNMT mRNA expression was measured by fluorescence quantitative-PCR in specimens of cancerous tissues(n=44) and case-matched cirrhotic(n=35) and non-cancerous,non-cirrhotic(normal;n=44) liver tissues from 44 HCC patients with different tumor stages.Results The mean mRNA levels of the four DNMT types tested(1,2,3A,3B) were higher in cancerous and cirrhotic tissues than in adjacent normal tissues.The DNMT1 elevated expression reached statistical significance(vs.adjacent normal tissues,P0.01 for cancerous tissue and P=0.02 for cirrhotic tissue),unlike the DNMT2 elevated expression which did not reach statistical significance(vs.adjacent normal tissues,P=0.12 for cancerous and P=0.35 for cirrhotic tissues).Both DNMT3 isoforms,A and B,were significantly higher than the levels detected in the adjacent healthy tissues(DNMT3A: P0.01 for cancerous and P=0.01 for cirrhotic tissue;DNMT3B: P=0.03 for cancerous and P0.05 for cirrhotic tissue).Stratification analysis of the four DNMTs mRNA expression levels according to patient sex,tumor staging,and tumor differentiation revealed no correlations(DNMT1: P=0.23;DNMT2: P=0.45;DNMT3A: P=0.32;DNMT3B: P=0.36).However,trends were found for increased DNMTs mRNA expression levels and male sex,poor tumor differentiation,and high tumor stage.Conclusion The mRNA expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3A,and DNMT3B are higher in cancerous and cirrhotic tissues from HCC patients than in their adjacent non-cancerous,non-cirrhotic liver tissues.Expression of DNMTs may be associated with pathogenesis of HCC or HCC associated with cirrhosis.
Near‐infrared spectroscopic models for analysis of winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) quality constituents

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Winter pea ( Pisum sativum L.) grows well in a wide geographic region, both as a forage and cover crop. Understanding the quality constituents of this crop is important for both end uses; however, analysis of quality constituents by conventional wet chemistry methods is laborious, slow and costly. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a precise, accurate, rapid and cheap alternative to using wet chemistry for estimating quality constituents. We developed and validated NIRS calibration models for constituent analysis of this crop. RESULTS Of the 11 constituent models developed, nine constituents including moisture, dry‐matter, total‐nitrogen, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, AD‐lignin, cellulose and non‐fibrous carbohydrate had low standard errors and a high coefficient of determination ( R 2 = 0.88–0.98; 1 – VR, which is the coefficient of determination during cross‐validation = 0.77–0.92) for both calibration and cross‐validation, indicating their potential for quantitative predictability. The calibration models for ash ( R 2 = 0.65; 1 – VR = 0.46) and hemicellulose ( R 2 = 0.75; 1 – VR = 0.50) also appeared to be adequate for qualitative screening. Predictions of an independent validation set yielded reliable agreement between the NIRS predicted values and the reference values with low standard error of prediction (SEP), low bias, high coefficient of determination ( r 2 = 0.82‐0.95), high ratios of performance to deviation (RPD = SD/SEP; 2.30–3.85) and high ratios of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ = IQ/SEP; 2.57–7.59) for all 11 constituents. CONCLUSION Precise, accurate and rapid analysis of winter pea for major forage and cover crop quality constituents can be performed at a low cost using the NIRS calibration models developed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry