jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Hands-On Tutorial for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Example Data Set and Codes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Systematic review and meta-analysis are regarded as standard and valuable tools for providing an objective and reproducible synthesis of research findings in the literature. Their increasing popularity has led to heightened expectations for comprehensiveness and rigor in conducting scientific reviews and analyses. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an overview and guidance on how to address the key elements for conducting a high-quality systematic review with meta-analysis. Method: This tutorial describes practical guidelines to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis for researchers who are interested in learning and applying the method. Drawing on previous meta-analytic reviews of second-language learning as illustrative examples, it discusses the methodological choices and judgment calls in each step of the review and analysis process. As a hands-on tutorial, it uses a published data set concerning the role of talker variability in speech training studies as a running example to elucidate the statistical process and interpret the results of meta-analysis with freely available R software. Results/Conclusions: This tutorial provides a walk-through of the methodological choices, controversial issues, and common practices in conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The data set and R codes are offered as publicly accessible supplementary materials ( https://osf.io/e9bkf/ ) for replication and practice, which we hope will motivate more applications in the speech, language, and hearing sciences field as well as behavioral and social sciences research in general.
Analysis of S-band Microwave Propagation in a Closed Metal Chamber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, signal propagation problem inside a metal structure is studied to explore the possibility of replacing the communication cables of aircrafts by wireless technology. To study this problem, a 3-dimension structure is modeled and simulated using full-wave method. The major difficulties are strong standing wave and small apertures which has a cutoff frequency higher than the employed spectrum. This problem is solved when the aperture is enlarged enough.
Milk Science International - Milchwissenschaft, Vol. 74 No. 4 (2021): milk science international_2021_4

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Intramammary infections before calving and in early lactation have a negative impact on the development of the mammary gland, udder health, the risk of clinical mastitis in early lactation, the risk of premature culling and future milk production in dairy heifers. The aim of this study was to reveal whether and how the somatic cell count of the first dairy herd improvement (DHI) affects the 305 day milk yield (energy corrected milk) of the first lactation in German dairy heifers. It should also be examined whether the threshold of 100,000 cells/ml used for herd analysis in Germany is suitable for estimating possible economic losses as the threshold of 200,000 cells/ml is often used in other countries. In addition, it should be examined whether a milk loss, which is associated with an increased initial SCC, differs between different German dairy cattle breeds. For this study, the DHI data of 49,467 heifers reared on 2413 German dairy farms located in Schleswig-Holstein between October 2015 and June 2016 were analyzed. Heifers with a SCC in the first DHI test of > 100,000 cells/ml showed a significantly (p <0.001) lower milk yield (on average -98.3 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -116.4 - -80.2) during the first lactation compared to heifers with an SCC ≤ 100,000 cells/ml. Heifers with a SCC in the first DHI test of > 200,000 cells/ml also showed a significantly (p <0.001) lower milk yield (on average -96.3 kg; 95% CI: -118.4 - -74.2) in the first lactation compared to heifers with a SCC ≤ 200,000 cells/ml. The effect of milk loss due to an increased initial SCC did not differ significantly between the breeds analysed. These results show that it is possible to use both thresholds of the SCC for assessing udder health in individual heifers and at herd level. However, the present study only shows the relationship between increased SCC and the loss of milk yield measured in different German breeds of dairy heifers. Future studies must validate further risk factors that influence the udder health of dairy heifers.
The foundation of the academic field in Business and Administration in Brazil: the case of RAUSP

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract "The foundation of the academic field in Business and Administration in Brazil: The case of RAUSP": This work proposes an interpretation, based on a Social Constructionism approach, of the genesis of the Business Administration academic field in Brazil, departing from the analysis of the first journals in this area: RAUSP – Revista de Administração and RAE – Revista de Administração de Empresas. The use of the expression "Administrative Science", presented in the first edition of RAUSP in 1947 should be considered the foundational mark of the scientific field of Business Administration in Brazil.
The role of tumor stem cells and the immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of lung cancer: mechanisms of interaction and research prospects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite significant advances in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, the issue of therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs) necessitates the development of new treatment strategies. Studying the role of CSCs and the immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a pressing issue in modern oncology. This paper is based on an extensive analysis of recent research and aims to study the mechanisms underlying the development of NSCLC. The origin of CSCs, their markers, and the main signaling pathways involved in regulating their activity are considered. Special attention is paid to the influence of CSCs on the progression of lung cancer and the mechanisms underlying their therapy-mediated resistance. Various approaches to treating lung cancer targeting CSCs, focusing on targeted therapy aimed at specific molecular targets, are highlighted. The important role of the tumor immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and its impact on CSCs is emphasized. Mechanisms of immune response regulation in tumors and the potential use of immunotherapy to improve lung cancer treatment outcomes are discussed. The article also reviews modern diagnostic and treatment methods, including molecular-genetic and immunohistochemical approaches. This paper work represents a review of current knowledge on the mechanisms of lung cancer development and is significant for understanding tumor biology and developing new treatment methods. The need for an interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive use of modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods to improve the prognosis and survival rates of NSCLC patients is emphasized. Special attention is given to the prospects of using combined therapeutic approaches, including targeted drugs and immunotherapy, aimed at suppressing CSC activity and modifying the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating CSC activity and their interaction with the tumor microenvironment opens new opportunities for developing effective treatment strategies. This review underscores the need for further research in this area to ensure more successful treatment and improved quality of life for lung cancer patients.
Association of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the surface of nodules in wild perennial leguminous plants Onobrychis transcaucasica and Onobrychis chorassanica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of molecular genetic analysis root nodule bacteria wild leguminous plants germinating in the Arid zones Central Asia can penetrate into various nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Bacteria of plants Onobrychis transcaucasica and Onobrychis chorossanica origin are found bacteria in the class Alphaproteobacteria and some nitrogen-fixing bacteria which we are write were in the class of Betaproteobacteria.
Mitochondrial disease in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mitochondrial disease presenting in childhood is characterized by clinical, biochemical and genetic complexity. Some children are affected by canonical syndromes, but the majority have nonclassical multisystemic disease presentations involving virtually any organ in the body. Each child has a unique constellation of clinical features and disease trajectory, leading to enormous challenges in diagnosis and management of these heterogeneous disorders. This review discusses the classical mitochondrial syndromes presenting most frequently in childhood and then presents an organ‐based perspective including systems less frequently linked to mitochondrial disease, such as skin and hair abnormalities and immune dysfunction. An approach to diagnosis is then presented, encompassing clinical evaluation and biochemical, neuroimaging and genetic investigations, and emphasizing the problem of phenocopies. The impact of next‐generation sequencing is discussed, together with the importance of functional validation of novel genetic variants never previously linked to mitochondrial disease. The review concludes with a brief discussion of currently available and emerging therapies. The field of mitochondrial medicine has made enormous strides in the last 30 years, with approaching 400 different genes across two genomes now linked to primary mitochondrial disease. However, many important questions remain unanswered, including the reasons for tissue specificity and variability of clinical presentation of individuals sharing identical gene defects, and a lack of disease‐modifying therapies and biomarkers to monitor disease progression and/or response to treatment.
Effect of Wnt antagonist SFRP1 in the pathogenesy of colorectal cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To determine the methylation and the expression status of Wnt antagonist Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1(SFRP1) in colorectal cancer and explore the effect of SFRP1 in colorectal carcinogenesis.Methods Reverse-transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and Real-time PCR were used to determine the SFRP1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its adjacent tissues.Methylation-specific PCR(MSP) was used to detect the methylation of SFRP1.SFRP1 expression in colorectal cancer cell lines was detected by RT-RCR and Western blot.Results The level of SFRP1 expression was remarkably lower in colorectal cancer tissues than that in corresponding cancer adjacent tissues(P 0.01).The frequency of methylation of SFRP1 was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues(68.6%) than that in matched cancer adjacent tissues(11.4%)(χ2=21.49,P 0.01).SFRP1 was methylated and not expressed in colorectal cancer line HCT116,SW480 and SW620.And SFRP1 was expressed and not methylated in colorectal cancer line HT-29.After HCT116,SW480 and SW620 were treated with demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine(DAC),SFRP1 expression was restored in HCT116,SW480 and SW620.Conclusion Methylation is one of the major factors causing aberrant expression of SFRP1,which are common in colorectal cancer and play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Cardiac ectopic lymphoid follicle formation in viral myocarditis involving the regulation of podoplanin in Th17 cell differentiation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Autoimmunity contributes to the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis (VMC), which is characterized by the production of anti‐heart autoantibodies (AHA) from lymphoid follicles. Recently, the formation of ectopic lymphoid follicles (ELFs) was reported in heart grafts. However, the existence and role of ELFs in myocardial tissues of VMC remain unclear. This study aimed to explore whether and how cardiac ELFs with germinal centers (GCs) could be generated during the development of VMC. We identified the existence of ELFs and explored the underlying mechanism. In a BALB/c mouse model of VMC, the dynamic myocardial infiltrations of lymphocytic aggregates and expressions of associated lymphorganogenic factors were investigated, accompanied by the detection of the production and location of myocardial AHA. The data indicated ELFs formation in myocardial tissues of VMC, and the number of ELFs was in accordance with the severity of VMC. Moreover, the functional ELFs with GCs were capable of facilitating the production of local AHA. Blocking IL‐17 or podoplanin (PDPN) could inhibit cardiac ELFs generation, perhaps due to the negative regulation of PDPN neutralization in Th17 cell proliferation and differentiation. The presence of cardiac ELFs and AHA might offer new opportunities for stratification and early identification of VMC patients.
Estimating the yields of sediments and sediment-bound heavy metals using the EROSION 3D simulation model.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Yields of sediments and sediment-bound heavy metals are estimated for three drinking water reservoirs in the Eastern Ore Mountains region of Saxony, Germany. Estimates are made using EROSION 3D, a physically-based soil erosion model for simulating soil erosion by water and sediment delivery to stream networks and lakes. Model predictions are verified by comparison with measured yields of sediment and sediment-bound heavy metals.
Risk management and harm reduction among gay men in Sydney

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on extensive behavioural data from Sydney, this paper examines some of the strategies that gay men have devised to manage (as distinct from eliminate) risk of HIV transmission. Apart from negotiated safety and positive-positive sex, which have been practised for some time, the evidence presented here confirms the role of a number of other harm-reduction strategies, some safer than others. The challenge now for educators, both locally and elsewhere, is how to sustain safe sex and where appropriate build harm reduction into gay men's health education in the face of diverse and ever-changing gay communities. Recent rises in HIV infections have increased uncertainty and serve as a timely reminder that there are no easy solutions to what remain complex and difficult-to-grasp phenomena.
Kloning Manusia Perspektif Hukum Islam Di Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract:Reproductive cloning technology is able to facilitate artificial fertilization by using the husband's body and wife's ovum, as well the embryo transferred to the womb of the wife. So that, human cloning can give benefit to husband and wife to get child. However, human cloning technology has negative implications in case of marriage, jurisprudence, guardianship, inheritance, and investigation of criminal offense, because a person may have children cloned without marital status that can underestimate the institution of marriage. The “Nasab” of cloned child is also unclear, so it affects the guardianship, inheritance, father's responsibility to the child. Therefore, Islamic law in Indonesia prohibits human cloning.Keywords: Human Cloning, Islamic Law, Marriage. Abstrak.Teknologi kloning reproduksi mampu memfasilitasi pembuahan buatan dengan menggunakan sel tubuh suami dan ovum istri, serta embrionya ditransfer ke rahim istri. Sehingga kloning manusia dapat memberikan kemaslahatan terhadap pasangan suami istri yang tidak subur untuk memperoleh keturunan. Namun demikian, teknologi kloning manusia berimplikasi negatif, baik terhadap institusi perkawinan, nasab, perwalian, kewarisan, serta penyelidikan dan penyidikan pelaku tindak pidana. Sebab seseorang bisa punya anak secara kloning tanpa ikatan perkawinan sehingga bisa menyepelekan institusi perkawinan. Nasab anak hasil kloning juga tidak jelas sehingga berpengaruh pada perwalian, kewarisan, tanggungjawab ayah kepada anak dan sebaliknya. Karena itu hukum Islam di Indonesia melarang kloning manusia.Kata Kunci: Kloning Manusia, Hukum Islam, Perkawinan.
Analysis of the total sialic acid content in serum determinated with fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

【Objective】 To determine the optimum conditions for total sialic acid analysis in serum using the fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).【Methods】 The sialic acid standard operating fluid contained N-acetylneuraminic acid(Neu5Ac),N-glycolylneuraminic acids(Neu5Gc) and ketodeoxynonulosonic acid(KDN).The human plasma would be hydrolyzed with the trifluoroacetic acid(TFA),sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid at different concentration of 0.05,0.10,0.15 mol/L and 0.20 mol/L at 80 ℃ and at varying time of 30,60,90 min and 120 min respectively.The hydrolyzed sample was treated with 4,5-Methylenedioxy-1,2-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride(DMB,Sigma) derivative reagent at 50 ℃ for 150 min away from light.【Results】 The maximum release of sialic acid was obtained with an equal volume of 0.1 mol/L TFA for 60 min at 80 ℃.The optimum detection limit of sialic acid was in 0.625~80 μmol/L,the average recovery rate was 94.0% and the relative standard deviation(RSD) for the precision,stability and repeatability test were 1.3%,1.1% and 1.0%,respectively.The minimum detection limit of Neu5Ac was 0.02 μmol/L and the average content of sialic acid in human serum was(2.12±0.15) mmol/L in 16~19 years old healthy adolescents.【Conclusion】 The total sialic acid content determinated with fluorometric HPLC method is a simple,high sensitivity and good repeatability,which can be widely used in determination of sialic acid concentration in serum.
Je Me Souviens: About the St. Armand Slave Cemetery, Memory, Counter-Memory and Historic Trauma

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the campaign for official recognition of a slave burial ground in Québec, and the public response to it, and explores its implications for public pedagogy. The article also examines the difficulties and possibilities of a community that encompasses black, white, francophone and anglophone and that belongs both to Québec and to Canada. The campaign forces a rethinking of all of these categories and makes possible a different vision of historical and present day relationships in Canada.
Transverse instability of high frequency weakly stable quasilinear boundary value problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work intends to prove that strong instabilities may appear for high order geometric optics expansions of weakly stable quasilinear hyperbolic boundary value problems, when the forcing boundary term is perturbed by a small amplitude oscillating function, with a transverse frequency. Since the boundary frequencies lie in the locus where the so-called Lopatinskii determinant is zero, the amplifications on the boundary give rise to a highly coupled system of equations for the profiles. A simplified model for this system is solved in an analytical framework using the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem as well as a version of it ensuring analyticity in space and time for the solution. Then it is proven that, through resonances and amplification, a particular configuration for the phases may create an instability, in the sense that the small perturbation of the forcing term on the boundary interferes at the leading order in the asymptotic expansion of the solution. Finally we study the possibility for such a configuration of frequencies to happen for the isentropic Euler equations in space dimension three.
Effective Surgical Teams: An Integrative Literature Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is imperative to understand the factors that contribute to effective surgical teams. The aim of this integrative review was to evaluate the aids and barriers for perioperative teams in functioning effectively, preventing adverse events, and fostering a culture of safety. The literature search was undertaken of 15 databases, which resulted in 70 articles being included. It was found perioperative teamwork was not widely understood. Findings indicated barriers to effective surgical teams comprised of confusion in tasks and responsibilities, existing hierarchies and prevailing misconceptions and understanding among team members. Although numerous quality initiatives exist, the introduction of protocols and checklists, team effectiveness in the perioperative setting is still insufficient and challenges in establishing effective surgical teams continue. Further research is recommended to obtain a comprehensive perception of environmental influences and barriers surgical teams encounter in the delivery of safe quality care.
Ruminococcaceae fam. nov.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ru.mi.no.coc.ca'ce.ae. N.L. masc. n. Ruminococcus type genus of the family; −aceae ending to denote family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Ruminococcaceae the Ruminococcus family. Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / “Ruminococcaceae”
Effect of human recreation on bird anti-predatory response

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wildlife perceive humans as predators, and therefore normally flushes. Flight initiation distance (FID) is the distance a human can approach an animal at a steady pace until it flushes. Recently, several studies showed differences in within-species FID according to human presence by comparing urban and rural habitats, with urban birds showing reduced FIDs. However, urban and rural habitats also differ in structure, which might affect FID. Therefore, in order to understand the real effect of human presence, we investigated whether differences in FID are also present in natural habitats (forests), differing only in the intensity of human use for recreation. We found that human frequentation had a distinct effect on bird escape responses, with shorter FIDs in forests more-heavily frequented by humans than in forests rarely visited by humans. Whether this finding is driven by non-random spatial distribution of personalities (shy vs. bold) or phenotypic plasticity (habituation to humans) cannot be assessed with our data. Studies relying on FIDs should also incorporate human recreation intensity, as this affects the measurements strongly.
The acquisition of Mandarin dative constructions by L2 and heritage learners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines the acquisition of Mandarin dative constructions by second language (L2) and heritage learners of Mandarin Chinese. Three groups of speakers (L2, heritage, and native, 20 in each group) participated in this study by completing a questionnaire consisting of sentence translation and grammaticality judgment tasks on Mandarin dative constructions. In both tasks, native speakers outperformed the heritage learners, who in turn outperformed the L2 learners. The variance of performance in the two tasks across groups can be attributed to several factors, including linguistic universal, first language (L1) transfer, and individual difference. This study shows that L2 acquisition is a complex system and no single factor can fully explain or predict L2 learning outcomes. The findings of this study also have important pedagogical implications for L2 Chinese teaching.