jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surfing the Capital Waves: A sector-level examination of surges in FDI inflows

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine episodes of large gross FDI inflows - surges - at the sectoral level between 1994 and 2009 for 95 emerging-market and industrial countries. We find that surges in the primary and manufacturing sectors are less cyclical and associated with lower macroeconomic volatility than surges in the business and finance sectors. The likely explanation for this result seems to be the expansion of credit associated with these flows. Turning to the determinants of surges, we find that global and contagion factors have a stronger effect in the services than the manufacturing sector; surges in financial sector FDI are particularly contagious in emerging market countries. With regard to domestic factors, we find that (i) high public debt reduces the likelihood of experiencing FDI surges in the manufacturing and trade/transport sector, that (ii) high growth pulls in FDI in the manufacturing sector and that (iii) privatization is strongly associated with FDI surges in the manufacturing and financial sector. Finally, we document a role for capital controls: they tend to increase the likelihood of FDI surges in the manufacturing, other services, and financial sector.
Enhanced antilymphoma efficacy of CD19-redirected influenza MP1–specific CTLs by cotransfer of T cells modified to present influenza MP1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract To enhance the in vivo antitumor activity of adoptively transferred, CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–redirected cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we studied the effect of restimulating CAR+ CTLs through their endogenous virus-specific T-cell antigen receptor (TcR) by the cotransfer of engineered T-cell antigen–presenting cells (T-APCs). Using influenza A matrix protein 1 (MP1) as a model antigen, we show that ex vivo–expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T-APCs expressing a hygromycin phosphotransferase-MP1 fusion protein (HyMP1) process and present MP1 to autologous human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–restricted, MP1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ CTL precursors. The MP1-specific CTLs are amenable to subsequent genetic modification to express a CD19-specific CAR, designated CD19R, and acquire HLA-unrestricted reactivity toward CD19+ leukemia and lymphoma tumor targets while maintaining HLA-restricted MP1 specificity. The restimulation of MP1×CD19 dual-specific CTLs in vivo by the adoptive transfer of irradiated HyMP1+ T-APCs resulted in the enhanced antilymphoma potency of bispecific effector cells, as measured by elimination of the biophotonic signal of established firefly luciferase–expressing Burkitt lymphoma xenografts in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/scid) animals compared with control groups restimulated by Hy+MP1neg T-APCs. Engineered T-APCs are a novel and versatile antigen-delivery system for generating antigen-specific T cells in vitro and enhancing the in vivo effector functioning of CAR-redirected antitumor effector cells.
Reproducibility of 3D kinematics and surface electromyography measurements of mastication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the measurement reproducibility for a procedure evaluating the mastication process and to estimate the smallest detectable differences of 3D kinematic and surface electromyography (sEMG) variables. Kinematics of mandible movements and sEMG activity of the masticatory muscles were obtained over two sessions with four conditions: two food textures (biscuit and bread) of two sizes (small and large). Twelve healthy adults (mean age 29.1years) completed the study. The second to the fifth chewing cycle of 5 bites were used for analyses. The reproducibility per outcome variable was calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a Bland-Altman analysis was applied to determine the standard error of measurement relative error of measurement and smallest detectable differences of all variables. ICCs ranged from 0.71 to 0.98 for all outcome variables. The outcome variables consisted of four bite and fourteen chewing cycle variables. The relative standard error of measurement of the bite variables was up to 17.3% for 'time-to-swallow', 'time-to-transport' and 'number of chewing cycles', but ranged from 31.5% to 57.0% for 'change of chewing side'. The relative standard error of measurement ranged from 4.1% to 24.7% for chewing cycle variables and was smaller for kinematic variables than sEMG variables. In general, measurements obtained with 3D kinematics and sEMG are reproducible techniques to assess the mastication process. The duration of the chewing cycle and frequency of chewing were the best reproducible measurements. Change of chewing side could not be reproduced. The published measurement error and smallest detectable differences will aid the interpretation of the results of future clinical studies using the same study variables.
Israel's Treaty with Gibeon According to Josephus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L'auteur de cet article propose d'examiner comment un ancien lecteur critique de la Bible, en l'occurence Flavius Josephe, a traite les problemes d'un texte comme Josue 9 dans ses Antiquites Juives 5,49-57. En particulier, en regard de la version de Josephe du traite gebeonite, il approfondit les questions suivantes : De quels formulaires du texte de Josue 9 a-t-il pu disposer ? Quelles techniques de re-ecriture a-t-il appliquees aux repetitions, inconsistences... de l'histoire ? Surtout, comment sa version se compare-t-elle avec le recit des origines ? Enfin, pourquoi a-t-il choisi d'inclure ce recit dans son histoire ?
Silyl, Hydrido Silylene or Alternative Bonding Modes:  The Many Possible Structures of [(C5H5)(PH3)IrX]+ (X = SiHR2 and SiR3; R = H, CH3, SiH3, and Cl)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

DFT calculations with the B3LYP functional are carried out on the systems [Cp(PH3)Ir(SiHR2)]+ and [Cp(PH3)Ir(SiR3)]+ (Cp = C5H5, R = H, CH3, SiH3, Cl), which are representative examples of experimental complexes where the silylene ligand can exist. Geometry optimization for the different systems gives a large variety of structures, including the conventional silyl and hydrido silylene isomers, but also other less usual bridged structures, with a variety of groups taking a bridging position. Analysis of the large amount of data, together with those previously reported for [(dhpe)Pt(SiHR2)]+ and [(dhpe)Pt(SiR3)]+ (dhpe = H2P−CH2−CH2−PH2), leads to a better understanding of the general factors governing the relative stabilities of the possible isomeric forms.
Curious to Click It?-Identifying Clickbait using Deep Learning and Evolutionary Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive outreach of the online media along with changing information consumption patterns have revealed the dark side of digital media. The intentional use of tempting, eye-catching, exaggerated and misleading content to capitalize on the voracious appetite of the readers by creating an information gap has flooded the news websites. Thus, we were motivated to develop deep learning models that utilize the lexical as well as semantic features of the headline and the corresponding text to effectively detect clickbait. The Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model using GloVe embedding achieves an accuracy of 98.78% that outperforms the previous work. Furthermore, our study for using the Genetic algorithm for hyperparameter optimization also gave promising results with an accuracy of 95.61%.
Economic Evaluation of Multifunctional Agriculture Outputs in The Czech Republic: Matching Agricultural Policy with Social Requirements

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

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Intelligence scandals: a comparative analytical model and lessons learned from the test case of North Macedonia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most countries that possess intelligence services have encountered intelligence scandals involving actual or alleged intelligence activities. This paper offers a definition of intelligence scandal and creates a new analytical model for assessing intelligence scandals. Application of the analytical model to six key intelligence scandals in North Macedonia shows that various intelligence and political actors can commit a wide range of transgressions in largely internal and external political contexts with very broad political and security impacts. The case also shows the competitive nature of the triggers of the scandals, various kinds of actors’ defences, and the scandals’ long duration.
Female labour Supply and Income Taxation in Spain: The importance of behavioural assumptions and unobserved heterogeneity specification

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We estimate four models of female labour supply using a Spanish sample of married women from 1994, taking into account the complete form of the individual’s budget set. The models differ in the hypotheses relating to the presence of optimisation errors and/or the way non-workers contribute to the likelihood function. According to the results, the effects of wages and non-labour income on the labour supply of Spanish married women depend on the specification used. The model which has both preference and optimisation errors and allows for both voluntarily and involuntarily unemployed females desiring to participate seems to better fit the evidence for Spanish married women. Classification-JEL : J22
Evaluation of fiber characteristics of <i>Musa </i><i>balbisiana</i>, M<i>usa </i><i>paradisiaca</i><i> and Musa </i><i>sapientum</i> pseudo-stalks for pulp and paper production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fiber characteristics of Musa balbisiana, Musa paradisiaca and Musa sapientum pseudo-stalks were investigated. Fiber characteristics such as fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen width, and cell wall thickness were measured in the macerated banana pseudo-stalk by microscopy. Slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient (%) and Runkel ratio were also determined from these microscopic measurements. Mean value of the properties evaluated for Musa sp. respectively were as follows: Fiber length- 2.96mm; Fiber diameter- 21.71µm; Lumen width- 13.55µm; Cell wall thickness- 3.86µm; Flexibility ratio- 66.35%; Runkel ratio- 0.66 and Relative fiber length- 159.12. Based on the findings of this study the Musa sp. pseudo stalk is suitable for pulp and paper production due to its high quality of fibers.
Novel electronic states close to Mott transition in low-dimensional and frustrated systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies demonstrated that there may appear different novel states in\ncorrelated systems close to localized-itinerant crossover. Especially\nfavourable conditions for that are met in low-dimensional and in frustrated\nsystems. In this paper I discuss on concrete examples some of such novel\nstates. In particular, for some spinels and triangular systems there appears a\n"partial Mott transition", in which first some finite clusters (dimers, trimes,\ntetramers, heptamers) go over to the itinerant regime, and the real bulk Mott\ntransition occurs only later. Also some other specific possibilities in this\ncrossover regime are shortly discussed, such as spin-Peierls-Peierls transition\nin TiOCl, spontaneous charge disproportionation in some cases, etc.\n
Search for cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission from local galaxy clusters using Fermi-LAT data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Galaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound structures in the Universe. Even if clusters are nearly virialized structures, they undergo merging processes, creating merging shocks, and suffer from feedback from galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei; causing complex turbulent motions and amplifying their magnetic fields. These processes act as acceleration mechanisms for the plasma of the intracluster medium (ICM), originating a population of cosmic rays (CRs). Leptonic CRs have long been detected, but we should also expect a CR hadronic population that, through interactions with the ICM, should produce neutral pions that decay into $\gamma$-rays. The detection of diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission from galaxy clusters is one of the long-awaited milestones for the high-energy astroparticle physics community. Still, no unambiguous detection has yet been obtained. In this talk, we will present the results of a combined cluster analysis searching for CR-induced $\gamma$-ray signals, using 16 years of Fermi-LAT data. In our previous work (di Mauro et al. 2023) we obtained from the combined analysis of 49 local galaxy clusters (12 years of data) a hint of signal between 2.5-3$\sigma$. These results are consistent with other works as well, which consistently find a non-vanishing hint of signal, around the detection threshold. In this new work, we use a sample of near, well-known galaxy clusters and develop CR-induced emission templates using well-established X-ray measurements for calibration, assuming self similarity for the members of our sample. To strengthen the robustness of our analysis, we define benchmark models to encapsulate the uncertainties in the spectral and spatial profiles for the CR-induced emission and perform the standard template-fitting analysis using the likelihood ratio test.
Investigating identity‐related weak developmental assets and their barriers in Iranian female adolescents: Self‐worth, self‐efficacy, and personal power

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Achievement of a positive identity and its transition to adulthood is the most important task of the adolescent era. This cross‐sectional explanatory mixed‐method study sought to better understand barriers to identity development in female adolescents in Iran by explaining their own experiences and using a Positive Youth Development model as a framework. A total of 573 female secondary‐school students were recruited through multistage sampling and were asked to complete the questionnaire of Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). Positive identity in DAP consists of four assets (personal power, self‐esteem, a positive view of the personal future, and sense of purpose). Quantitative data analysis showed that among above mentioned four assets, personal power and self‐esteem gained lower scores. A qualitative study held six individual interviews and two focused‐group discussions were conducted to explain the barriers to personal power and self‐esteem. Results showed that considering personal power, there were two categories as follows: (1) barriers to a sense of control over life and future (subcategories: being limited by failures, deprivation of liberty, and dissatisfaction from being excessively controlled by parents). (2) Barriers to adequately dealing with the challenges and problems (subcategories: expressing feelings inappropriately, isolation, and blaming). Barriers to self‐esteem included categories of negative emotions due to weak academic performance, weak religious performance, weak communication with parents, and previous mistakes. The results of the present study highlighted the areas that need intervention in the field of promoting positive identity in adolescent girls and their parents.
Slow and small target detection in high sea states

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the detection of small and slow craft with Maritime Radar. Fast target detection can be carried out using standard processing such as MMTI (Maritime Moving Target Indicator) regardless of the sea state. However, in case of slow moving targets in high sea state, these methods no longer work because of the intrinsic spreading of the sea clutter. After having summarized the statistical modelling of the sea clutter, in order to highlight its particularity especially when observed with high range resolution waveforms, the paper explains the interest of Track-Before-Detect (TBD) detectors for taking benefits of both high-resolution waveforms and sea clutter properties. Two TBD detectors are compared to standard detectors working on a single dwell.
Case Studies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter explores the kinds of research questions that are amenable to case study research and how to go about using qualitative case study research in health care settings. The first question that faces a researcher considering a case study approach to research is how to define the case. The next question relates to sampling. The methods that researchers use in order to generate data will once more depend on the nature of the research question, the sampling strategy, and the time and resources of the researcher or research team. Observational methods can be particularly useful in case studies, because, after all, case studies seek to explore activity and behaviour within real-life contexts. Ethnographic approaches using observation, often in combination with other qualitative data collection methods, are highly suited to case studies. Documentary analysis is also very useful for case study research.
(P.) Johnstone The Byzantine tradition in church embroidery. London: A. Tiranti. 1967. Pp. x + 144. 121 plates (incl. 1 in colour). 10 text figures. £2 10s.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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High-Resolution Solid-State 13C and 15N NMR Study on Crystalline Leu- and Met-enkephalins:  Distinction of Polymorphs, Backbone Dynamics, and Local Conformational Rearrangements Induced by Dehydration or Freezing of Motions of Bound Solvent Molecules

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have recorded 13C and 15N high-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of Leu-enkephalin trihydrate (1, crystallized from aqueous solution), dihydrate (2, crystallized from aqueous methanol), −2H2O, 2DMF, X(unspecified solvent) (3, crystallized from aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)), and Met-enkephalin·5.3H2O (4, crystallized from aqueous ethanol), at temperatures between 20 and −120 °C, to gain insight into the distinction of these crystalline polymorphs, backbone dynamics, and local conformational rearrangements induced by dehydration or freezing of motions of bound solvent molecules in the crystalline state. Four kinds of crystal forms revealed by X-ray diffraction studies were readily distinguished by 13C NMR spectral patterns, and the number of nonequivalent chains in a unit cell was counted by either 15N or 13C split peaks. NMR signals of two types of independent chains for 1 were resolved at 0 °C but were not distinguishable at ambient temperature owing to either two-site exchange or phase transition. Up to four chains, however, were distinguished for 2−4 from the 13C and 15N NMR splittings of the backbone Cα, CO, N−H, COO-, and/or side-chain Tyr Cζ signals. Noticeable spectral changes were induced at the 13C NMR signals of the carboxyl group of the terminal Leu residue and Gly Cα by dehydration. It turned out that a distinct conformational change was accompanied with dehydration as manifested from the shortened interatomic distance between the 13CO and 15N−H group, which is four bonds apart. In addition, pronounced spectral changes were noted when motions of bound solvent molecules in the crystals were frozen at lower temperatures. They were interpreted in terms of induced local conformational rearrangement, especially at the N- or C-terminus to which these solvent molecules were coordinated. We further examined the manner of the backbone and side-chain motions by means of the 13C and proton spin−lattice relaxation times in the laboratory (T1C) and rotating frames (T1ρH), respectively. In particular, the β-bend structure of crystalline Leu-enkephalin trihydrate turned out to be very flexible in view of T1C and T1ρH values as compared with the other crystalline forms taking the β-sheet form. In contrast, there appears no such flexibility in Leu-enkephalin dihydrate despite a claimed similar β-bend structure as determined by X-ray diffraction. It was also demonstrated that the presence or absence of side-chain motions was conveniently monitored by relative peak intensities of individual residues which were strongly influenced by the manner of local motions interfered with proton decoupling frequency. It was further shown that these molecular motions were also strongly affected by the bound solvent molecules.
Effect of quantum tunneling on single strand breaks in a modeled gas phase cytidine nucleotide induced by low energy electron: A theoretical approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Effect of quantum mechanical tunneling on single strand breaks induced by low energy electron (LEE) has been investigated in a modeled gas phase system, 2′-deoxycytidine-3′-monophosphate (3′-dCMPH). The potential energy curves for the sugar-phosphate C–O (3′ C–O) bond cleavage have been generated using second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory at the 6-31+G(d) accuracy level. Results from the electronic structure theory calculations in conjunction with our time dependent calculations for the 3′ C–O bond rupture in 3′-dCMPH using local complex potential based time dependent wave packet approach show significant quantum tunneling of the 3′ C–O bond from the bound vibrational states above 1 eV of the anionic potential energy curve. A comparison of the fragmentation profile with that of our earlier gas phase investigations based on Hartree–Fock and density functional theory – Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr methods with 6-31+G(d) basis set is also provided. Further, inspection of the singly occupied molecular orbitals generated at different 3′ C–O bond lengths clearly indicates the electron transfer from the low lying base–π* shape resonance state to the phosphate P = O π* orbital of the DNA backbone during the strand breaks. The decisive step during LEE induced strand breaks follows via “charge induced dissociation” (CID) for the metastable anion formed below 1 eV, whereas quantum mechanical tunnel-ing is out-weighted the CID mechanism for the LEE above 1 eV.
Homoplasmic and exclusive ND4 gene mutation in Japanese pedigrees with Leber's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neither heteroplasmy of the ND4 11778 mutation nor simultaneous mutations reported in the different complex I genes can account for the variation in the clinical phenotype in our series. Taken together with the sex bias in symptom manifestation, the results indirectly suggest that an extramitochondrial factor, such as an X-chromosome-linked gene, possibly contributes to the development of optic atrophy in the Japanese LHON pedigrees tested.