jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detention and Release in Stepped Gabion Weir: Case of Four Steps

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of water scarcity can be noticed clearly in the lined canals which provide the irrigation networks. Using porous structures like gabion weirs contributes as a part solution to this problem. In the current study, a laboratory flume was used to calculate the water depths upstream and downstream of the stepped gabion weir that is to be put inside it at a certain distance, and this flume comes with dimensions of 10 m long by 0.30 m wide and 0.50 m height. While the tested hydraulic model of the weir was built with dimensions of 0.30 m width by 0.40 m maximum height, and five lengths with different total distance of 0.88, 0.96, 1.08, 1.12, and 1.20 m respectively. The used gravel samples to fill the gabions were of monosize query gravel with diameters ranging between 0.0095-0.0140, 0.0140-0.0190, 0.0190-0.0250, 0.0250-0.0375, and 0.0375-0.0500 m in a respective way. While the values of discharge, measured during the experiments were in the range of 0.0007-0.0150 m3/s, and a total of 175 trial tests. This study achieved that the detention depth value decreases by increasing the diameter of the gravel sample used, but there is no effect of the gravel sample on the value of release depth, the different illustrated formulas for the detention and release depths maybe can be used usefully for design and scheduling actions in the field where it gave a reasonable matching between the measured and the calculated values of the studied depths, and finally, the errors percentage in an average value for both detention and release tested values were 5.278% and -0.265% respectively
Electrical Supplies and Electrical Safety

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electricity is typically supplied on maximum demand basis, so that if an organisation goes over the agreed load, then penalties are charged. Safety issues and problems will arise if there are two phases on one floor, and equipment is plugged into both phases at the same time, which could then allow a 400 V to pass through a person/equipment. Great care in refurbishment and labelling of electrical supplies is required. It is essential that suitable warning and safety notices are fixed in distribution boards. Every electrical installation must be inspected and tested to ensure safety, preventing injury and fire. The danger of electricity is the potential electric shock from faulty installations, connections or misuse of equipment. It is important to protect people from shock. Careful management of loads connected to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is necessary to ensure that it will perform its desired function.
Early Identification of Very High Risk Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) By PET-CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TITLE Early identification of very high risk patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) by PET-CT. INTRODUCTION Early identification of high risk DLBCL after the start of treatment continues to be a challenge that has not been fully resolved. The main aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact on progression free survival (PFS) of some PET-CT parameters at diagnosis (PET0) and after two cycles of first-line treatment (PET2). METHODS Patients diagnosed with DLBCL eligible for immunochemotherapy were prospectively included. A PET-CT was done at diagnosis, after two cycles of treatment and at the end of treatment. Metabolic tumoral volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were the main initial parameters analyzed whereas Deauville score (Dv), the difference between PET0-PET2 SUVmax (deltaSUV) and MTV2 were the parameters analyzed after two cycles. The MTV was defined as the volume of hypermetabolic tissue with a SUV greater than a threshold value of 3 using volume viewer software (Lyfex). All PET/CT studies were performed at the same hospital and with the same equipment and analyzed by 3 Nuclear Medicine experts. The primary endpoint was PFS. RESULTS 153 patients diagnosed with DLBCL from 8 hospitals in Castilla y León were included. All of them received first line treatment with R-CHOP or similar immunochemotherapy regimens. Median age was 64 (24-86) years, and 51% were male; 70% had III-IV Ann-Arbor stage. The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) distribution was low risk (0), 7,2%, intermediate risk (1-2), 51%, and high risk (3-5), 41,8%. Median MTV0 was 478,6 cm 3. ROC analysis identified as the optimal cut-off points 700 cm 3 for MTV0, 6430 cm 3 for TLG0, 25 for SUVmax and 1,85 cm 3 for MTV2. The cut-off of 66% was used for deltaSUV, as described in previous publications. Overall response rate (ORR) after treatment was 87,6% (71,2% complete response). With a median follow up of 39 months, estimated PFS at 3 years was 74,8%. In addition to R-IPI, all PET0 and PET2 parameters analyzed, with the exception of SUVmax at PET0, showed significant influence on PFS, as shown in table 1. In multivariate analysis, MTV0 and deltaSUV maintain independent influence. Based on these two factors, 3 groups with different PFS were obtained, as shown in figures 1 including a high-risk group (MTV0 &gt;700 cm 3 and deltaSUV &lt;66%) that comprised 24% of the series, with PFS at 3 years of 30,5%. CONCLUSIONS The combination of different PET parameters at diagnosis and after two cycles of treatment give us the possibility of identify, independently of IPI, a subgroup of patients with very poor PFS. It could serve as a basis for risk-adapted treatments, although further prospective studies with larger population are required in order to confirm our results.
Using Aspirin as a Teaching Tool

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUsing Aspirin as a Teaching ToolLiana Lamont View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2009, 86, 4, 476Publication Date (Web):April 1, 2009Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 2009Published inissue 1 April 2009https://doi.org/10.1021/ed086p476RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2387Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (155 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Teaching and learning methods Get e-Alerts
A REVIEW ON MALAYSIAN CULINARY HERBS AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Traditional herbs of Malaysia (locally called "ulam") comprise of more than 120 species representing various families, from shrubs to large trees. This review was conducted to study the taxonomy, phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological properties of the Malaysian culinary herbs including Ocimum sanctum, Mentha spicata, Centella asiatica, Cympobogan citratus, Allim cepa. Culinary herbs like Lemongrass, galangal (lengkuas), turmeric (kunyit), kafr lime leaves, laksa leaves (daun kesom), wild ginger ower buds or torch ginger (bunga kantan) and screwpine leaves (pandan leaves) add avor and zest to poultry, meat and seafood. Apart of the culinary use basil has been traditionally employed as a medicinal herb in the treatment of headaches, coughs, diarrhea, constipation, warts and/ or kidney malfunction. Fresh and dried plants and their essential oil is used in food, cosmetic, confectionary, chewing gum, toothpaste and pharmaceutical industries. Centella asiatica is used to treat skin disease, rheumatism, inammation, syphilis, mental illness, epilepsy, diarrhea and wounds, leprosy, phlebitis. C. citratus leaves have demonstrated anti-inammatory, hypotensive and diuretic activities and also cancer chemo-preventive properties. Phyto chemical compounds like reduced organosulfur compounds alkenyl cysteine, avonoids, tannins and phenolic acids, have been identied as the active compounds responsible for the reported pharmacological properties of the culinary herbs.
altered in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an unresolved clinical issue. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known therapeutic targets for various proliferative lung diseases. Lung PDE6 expression and function has received little or no attention. The present study aimed to characterize (i) PDE6 subunits expression in human lung, (ii) PDE6 subunits expression and alteration in IPF and (iii) functionality of the specific PDE6D subunit in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Methodology/Principal Findings: PDE6 subunits expression in transplant donor (n = 6) and IPF (n = 6) lungs was demonstrated by real-time quantitative (q)RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis. PDE6D mRNA and protein levels and PDE6G/H protein levels were significantly down-regulated in the IPF lungs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed alveolar epithelial localization of the PDE6 subunits. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR from human primary alveolar type (AT)II cells, demonstrating the down-regulation pattern of PDE6D in IPF-derived ATII cells. In vitro, PDE6D protein depletion was provoked by transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 in A549 AECs. PDE6D siRNAmediated knockdown and an ectopic expression of PDE6D modified the proliferation rate of A549 AECs. These effects were mediated by increased intracellular cGMP levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance: Collectively, we report previously unrecognized PDE6 expression in human lungs, significant alterations of the PDE6D and PDE6G/H subunits in IPF lungs and characterize the functional role of PDE6D in AEC proliferation.
Phenylketonuria: A model for hepatic gene therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Classical phenylketonuria (PKU; Mckusick MIM Cat 261600) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (phenylalanine 4‐monooxygenase; PAH; EC 1.14.16.1). The hyperphenylalinemia and mental retardation typical of this disease can be greatly reduced or prevented though the institution, early in life, of a low‐phenylalanine diet. However, the effectiveness of dietary therapy is often limited by poor compliance, especially by adolescents or young adults. This can lead to declines in neuropsychological function. The potential of somatic gene therapy for the treatment of PKU is therefore worth exploring. We discuss three different vector systems. Recombinant retroviral vectors and DNA/protein complexes can efficiently transduce PAH‐ deficient hepatocytes in vitro, but their present application is limited by their low transduction efficiency in vivo. In contrast, infusing a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing the human PAH cDNA into the portal circulation of PAH‐deficient mice restores 10%‐80% of normal hepatic PAH activity and completely normalizes serum phenylalanine levels. At present, this effect is transient and readministration has no further effect. However, this result suggests that PKU and other monogenic hepatic deficiencies can be completely corrected by somatic gene therapy when more persistent vectors are developed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blind Separability of Reverberation and Target Echo Based on Spatial Correlation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The detection of buried targets in shallow water is a tough task in the presence of sea-bottom reverberation. Because both target echo and reverberation are caused by the transmitted signal, they are mixed together in both time domain and frequency domain, which makes traditional signal processing methods inefficient. Blind Source Separation (BSS) is expected to isolate the reverberation from the target echo. However, the feasibility should be proved before separation. In this paper, a method based on spatial correlation is proposed to determine whether reverberation and target echo can be separated as different sources. Then, considering the nonstationarity of the reverberation, SONS (Second Order Nonstationary Source Separation) is applied to separate the original received signals. The sea experiment result shows that BSS is not only feasible but also valid to separate target echo and reverberation, and the target echo after BSS is of higher SRR which makes further process more credible.
A comparative study on health related quality of life in hemodialysis patients and healthy people

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: End stage renal disease affects many aspects of the hemodialysis patients life, and finally affects their health relate quality of life .The aim of this study was comparison between the hemodialysis patients and healthy population in the Fatima Zahra and Imam Khomeini hospital of Sari.(2007-2008). Methods: We interviewed and completed the SF-36 questionnaires for 100 hemodialysis patients and 100 healthy people and collected data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software, with McNemar, Pearson, chi- square, and independent t-test. Results: Mean age for patients was 55.41 and for healthy people 55.16 years. Patients were mostly with low education, urban residents, and intermediate socio-economic class. Mental health score was the top and the role emotional scores the least aspects of patients' quality of life. In addition there was significant difference between patients and healthy people scores on every subscale in quality of life. Conclusions: The results showed that there is necessity for socioeconomic support and counseling activities for patients with hemodialysis.
A REPORT OF CAPGRAS SYNDROME WITH BELIEF IN REPLACEMENT OF INANIMATE OBJECTS IN A PATIENT WHO SUFFERED FROM GRANDMAL EPILEPSY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Capgras syndrome is one of the delusional misidentification syndromes, in which the patient believes that familiar persons are replaced by a double. In this case report, a middle-aged woman with a long time history of grandmal epilepsy has been reported. She believed that her sons replaced her possessions and furniture continuously. Replacement of inanimate objects was considered as a rare variant of Capgras syndrome in recent years. The patient’s history is discussed from different points of view.
Modelling stock prices by hidden semi markov models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most time series modelling assumes fixed interval data points, so that modelling stock prices in the form of tick data is problematic. Standard approaches allowing for varying duration between transactions include Engle’s autoregressive conditional duration model; and the stochastic conditional duration model, due to Bauwen. Neither of these approaches is really suitable for tick data, with many transactions taking place more or less simultaneously.
Improved Visible Light Communication Receiver Performance by Leveraging the Spatial Dimension

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In wireless communications systems, signals can be transmitted as time (temporal) or spatial variants across 3D space, and in both ways. However, using temporal variant communication channels in high-speed data transmission introduces inter-symbol interference (ISI) which makes the systems unreliable. On the other hand, spatial diversity in signal processing reduces the ISI and improves the system throughput or performance by allowing more signals from different spatial locations at the same time. Therefore, the spatial features or properties of visible light signals can be very useful in designing a reliable visible light communication (VLC) system with higher system throughput and making it more robust against ambient noise and interference. By allowing only the signals of interest, spatial separability in VLC can minimize the noise to a greater extent to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which can ensure higher data rates (in the order of Gbps-Tbps) in VLC. So, designing a VLC system with spatial diversity is an exciting area to explore and might set the foundation for future VLC system architectures and enable different VLC based applications such as vehicular VLC, multi-VLC, localization, and detection using VLC, etc. This thesis work is motivated by the fundamental challenges in reusing spatial information in VLC systems to increase the system throughput or gain through novel system designing and their prototype implementations.
Microdeletion 11q13.1.q13.2 in a patient presenting with developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and esophageal atresia: Possible role of the GSTP1 gene in esophagus malformation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Esophageal atresia is a major congenital malformation characterized by a complete interruption of the esophageal continuity. It is frequently observed in associations and syndromes. As an isolated finding, it has a multifactorial etiology whose genetic factors are poorly known. Recently, the GST family, especially the GSTM1 null genotype (but not the GSTP1 polymorphism I105V), has been associated with esophageal atresia. These enzymes play a role in phase II detoxification of xenobiotics. Here we present the clinical and molecular findings observed in a patient suggesting that the loss of the GSTP1 allele might predispose to this malformation. CASE: We describe a patient presenting with esophageal atresia associated with developmental delay and facial dysmorphism, whose mother used tobacco and alcohol during the first 2 months of her pregnancy. Microdeletion/microduplication analysis was performed using comparative genomic hybridization and a 180K Agilent array. It detected a de novo 2 Mb chromosome 11q13.1.q13.2 deletion. CONCLUSION: The deleted chromosomal segment includes the GSTP1 gene. We hypothesize that the deletion of one GSTP1 allele (an isoform highly expressed in embryonic tissues), associated with specific environmental factors, such as tobacco and alcohol, could cause the esophageal atresia observed in our patient. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:463–466, 2013 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medication Errors in Critical Care Units in a Tertiary Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medication errors in critical care are frequent, serious, and predictable. Critically ill patients are prescribed, twice as many medications, as patients outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) and nearly all of them suffer, a potentially life-threatening error at some point during their hospitalization. Today, in the health care profession, all types of medication errors including missed dose, wrong dosage forms, wrong time interval, wrong route, etc., are a big deal, for quality patient care. Problems related to medications, are common in the healthcare profession, and are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Several recent studies have demonstrated that patients frequently have difficulty in reading and understanding medication labels. According to the Institute of Medicine report, “Preventing Medication Errors”, cited poor labeling as a top most cause of medication errors in the USA. Evidence suggests that specific content and format of prescription drug labels, facilitate a better communication to minimize apprehension by patients regarding medication errors.
Motivation and Physical Activity of Adolescents With and Without Autism in Inclusive Physical Education

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The mounting incidence of obesity among school-age children and adolescents has captured the attention of the nation. Increasing motivation to engage in physical activity (PA) is of particular importance, and school physical education (PE) is considered an important avenue to promote students' motivation and PA. PURPOSE: (a) To compare motivation (intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation) and PA levels between adolescents with and without autism in inclusive PE, and (b) to examine the relationship between motivation and PA within the group. METHODS: Nineteen students with autism (Asperger, n = 7; mild autism, n = 12) and 76 peers without autism aged 12-16 (14.12 ± 0.80 yrs) from 19 inclusive PE classes participated. Levels of PA were measured with a uniaxial accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) and randomly assessed during one-week PE. Data are reported as percentage of time spent in moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Students' motivational types in PE were assessed with a questionnaire developed by Ntoumanis (2001) and translated into Chinese by Tsai (2006) with a high degree of reliability and validity (Tsai, 2006). Independent t tests were used to compare group differences in motivation and PA. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships between motivation and PA within the group. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Findings indicate that (a) adolescents with autism demonstrated significantly lower levels of intrinsic motivation (t 93 = -3.16, p < 0.01), identified regulation (t 93 = -2.94, p < 0.01), and introjected regulation (t 93 = -2.87, p < 0.01) than their peers without disabilities, (b) adolescents with autism engaged in significantly less percentage of time in MVPA (t 93 = -2.03, p < 0.05) during PE as compared to typically developing peers, and (c) percentage of time that adolescents with autism spent in MPA (r 19 = 0.67, p < 0.01) and MVPA (r 19 = 0.52, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with external regulation. CONCLUSION: The present results emphasize the importance of promoting PA and motivation during PE in adolescents with autism.
The Influence of Symbolism on Chinese New Poetry and Its Transmutation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Symbolism, as a literary school, once swept over Europe and America and exerted a great influence on Chinese new poetry. The affinity in artistic conception between the Western symbolism and Chinese poetry as well as the interpenetrating and interweaving of symbolism,realism and romanticism opens up and enriches the artistic horizon and artistic forms of expression of Chinese poetry.The intro- duction,influence and transmutation of symbolism in China is by no means accidental but the outcome of the literary collision and integration between the West and the East.