jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Case report: Extraocular muscle paresis caused by snakebite.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 51 year-old man presented with binocular diplopia on the three days after the snakebite in the fifth finger of the right hand by an Agkistrodon blomhoffi (mamushi). In the primary position he had an exotropia and right hypertropia, which became apparent when his head was tilted to the right. From ocular angle of deviation measured by synoptophore and Hess chart test, he was diagnosed as having medial rectus muscle paresis as well as inferior oblique muscle paresis of the left eye. Elevation deficit on right gaze in the left eye had remained during three days. Our case suggested that the occurrence of subjective binocular diplopia is an important clinical sign for the onset of general abnormalities caused by snakebite.
After 10 years of land reform in Madagascar: is the process of land certification massive and inclusive?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Malagasy reform ongoing since 2005 belongs to a new generation of land reforms in Africa. Two major innovations have emerged: decentralized land management through the creation of local land offices at commune level and land certification. The land reform objective is to overcome the pitfalls of the former land titling system and to provide tenure security to a majority of households thanks to a low cost, easy and participatory registration process. However, contrary to similar land reform in other African countries such as Ethiopia or Rwanda, land certification is “on demand” and not based on a systematic demarcation process. Is the Malagasy certification really massive and inclusive? To explore this issue, the paper analyzes the evolution and the determinants of land certificates demand. It puts a special emphasis on the forms of offer (promotional campaigns) and its impacts on the level and distribution of demand for land certificates. Policy implications to foster inclusivity and local and offices sustainability are debated. The paper uses first-band data that were collected through two specially designed survey conducted on a large sample of rural households in 2011 and 2015 (1 834 with 1 551 households in panel) in nine communes of Madagascar.
Radiographers at risk of assault

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To identify the types and causes of violence towards radiographers by the patient and or relatives/friends. To determine actions to minimise these incidents. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to radiographers in New South Wales, Australia. The sample group was originally obtained from the Australia Institute of Radiography then the University of Sydney's NSW clinical database. The questions asked related to violence towards radiographers – experienced or observed, triggers for the violence and responses to the events. Results The survey responses allowed the identification of violence into various categories. To determine the cause of violence (these responses were placed into two groups: patient related and employer related); to establish how the radiographer/management handle these incidents. The most frequent type of violence by the patient and or relatives/friends towards radiographers was verbal abuse, followed by threats of physical aggression. Conclusions The best way for the radiographer to deal with violence is to remain calm yet assertive, by taking control and reasoning with the patient.
A RARE ASSOCIATION OF DENGUE MENINGITIS WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurological manifestations in dengue are now well known. Encephalitis is the most common manifestation, but meningitis is a rare phenomenon. We described a 10-year-old child who did not have typical features of dengue and presented with meningeal signs at the end of 2nd week of fever along with raised intracranial tension. Repeat fever work up in view of persisting fever spikes was suggestive of malaria coinfection. The association of dengue and malaria is not an uncommon entity; although both diseases are transmitted by a different type of arthropod vectors.
Evaluation the performance of serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin as a biomarker of allograft dysfunction in kidney recipients from living donors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) has been proposed as an early biomarker for the prediction of delayed graft function (DGF) from cadaveric donors. Objectives: The purposes of this investigation were to explore the time-based trend for sNGAL in kidney recipients from living donors and to evaluate its correlation with graft function recovery during a one-year follow-up. Patients and Methods: Kidney recipients (n=39) were consecutively enrolled. Sample collection was performed before transplantation and at 2, 16, 24, 36, 48 hours after surgery. Kidney recipients were split into immediate graft function (IGF) and DGF based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on day 5 post-surgery. eGFRs >60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 on day 5 post-transplantation were considered as IGF. sNGAL was assessed by ELISA. Serum creatinine (sCr) was measured by the Jaffe method. Results: Rates of participants with IGF or DGF were 25 and 14, respectively. Pre-surgery, sNGAL levels in the DGF subset were 21% higher than that of the IGF group. At 2-hours checkpoint, area under curve, sensitivity, specificity and cut-off (ng/mL) for sNGAL were 0.73, 100%, 52% and 151.8. sNGAL levels correlated with allograft function at 6, 9 and 12 months post-transplantation (r=0.66; P =0.007; r=0.836; P =0.031 and r=0.93; P =0.016). Conclusion: We have uncovered that monitoring sNGAL in kidney recipients is a useful biomarker for the evaluation of short- and long postoperative outcome in renal transplant patients from living donors. However, multicenter study with large samples-size is required to ascertain the usefulness of sNGAL as diagnostic tool for the evaluation of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant patients from living donors.
Performance, analysis and design of microwave photonic spectral domain filters using optical microcombs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>Microwave transversal filters, which are implemented based on the transversal filter structure in digital signal processing, offer a high reconfigurability for achieving a variety of signal processing functions without changing hardware. When implemented using microwave photonic (MWP) technologies, also known as MWP transversal filters, they provide competitive advantages over their electrical counterparts, such as low loss, large operation bandwidth, and strong immunity to electromagnetic interference. Recent advances in high-performance optical microcombs provide compact and powerful multi-wavelength sources for MWP transversal filters that require a larger number of wavelength channels to achieve high performance, allowing for the demonstration of a diverse range of filter functions with improved performance and new features. Here, we present a comprehensive performance analysis for microcomb-based MWP spectral filters based on the transversal filter approach. First, we investigate the theoretical limitations in the filter spectral response induced by finite tap numbers. Next, we analyze the distortions in the filter spectral response resulting from experimental error sources. Finally, we assess the influence of input signal’s bandwidth on the filtering errors. These results provide a valuable guide for the design and optimization of microcomb-based MWP transversal filters for a variety of applications.</p>
Leadership for Inclusion School leadership that motivates teachers to build inclusive classrooms.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The promotion of inclusive education and demand by governments for schools to become a School for All will demand school leadership that will help classroom teachers build inclusive classrooms. Using qualitative interviews, the study investigated how three Norwegian inclusive school leaders motivated their teachers to build inclusive classrooms. The research found that the extent to which school leaders perceived the importance of inclusive education through the promotion of teachers learning and the provision of a flexible curriculum; and encouraged inclusive schooling through appropriate leadership; influenced the promotion of competency building strategies such as school based collaboration, in-service training and mentorship.
Pesticide Formulations: Fungicides and Disinfectants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Pesticide Formulations: Fungicides and Disinfectants Get access Peter D Bland Peter D Bland ICI Americas Inc., PO Box 208, Goldsboro, NC 27533-0208 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 71, Issue 1, 1 January 1988, Pages 56–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.1.56a Published: 14 January 2020
A Flexible Computer Program for Evaluation of Emission Spectrometric Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have designed a single program, for use with a direct-reading spectrometer, to include the following functions for a variety of sample types, excitation methods, and analytical concentration ranges: (1) Background correction by linear relation of background at analytical lines to background at other wavelengths; (2) Use of background, internal standard and analytical channels interchangeably; (3) Use of either standard dilution or variable composition standards; (4) Standard curve fitting by least squares regression. Curves as high as 6th order can be fitted in order to utilize shoulder and toe areas of these analytical curves without distorting straight-line segments.
Correspondence between the Objective and Subjective Economies: The Role of Personal Economic Circumstances

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The impact of sociotropic economic satisfaction on the vote has been thoroughly analysed. However, knowledge about how citizens acquire information about the economy and the degree of correspondence between objective macroeconomic changes and citizens' subjective economic perceptions is much more limited. While the effect of partisan rationalisation has recently received some attention, the role of objective personal economic conditions in assessing national economic conditions is still unclear. We suggest that macroeconomic changes have some impact on subjective economic satisfaction, especially among higher-income and socio-professional strata with higher risk aversion rates to negative macroeconomic shocks. The results are obtained via three-level hierarchical linear models using the cumulative file of the European Social Survey (2002–9) and confirm the relevance of citizens' personal economic circumstances as a filter to perceive the state of the economy.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Italian Humanitarian Congenital Cardiac Surgery Activity: What No One Tells You

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Giamberti A, Caldaroni F, Varrica A, Pace Napoleone C, Marianeschi SM, Uricchio N, Vanini V, Santoro F, Luciani GB, Stellin G, Gargiulo G, Murzi B, Filippelli S, Oppido G, Agati S, Galletti L, Frigiola A. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Italian Humanitarian Congenital Cardiac Surgery Activity: What No One Tells You. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jul 28;8:705029. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.705029. PMID: 34395564; PMCID: PMC8355370. Abstract More than 4 millions of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are waiting for cardiac surgery around the world. Few of these patients are treated only thanks to the support of many non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Starting in December 2019, the so-called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide pandemic and has dramatically impacted on all the international humanitarian activities for congenital heart disease. We analyzed data from all the Italian congenital cardiac surgery centers with the aim to quantify the impact of the pandemic on their charities. Fifteen Italian centers participated in the study and contributed to data collection. We analyzed and compared data regarding humanitarian activities carried out abroad and on site from two periods: year 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and year 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic). In 2019, 53 international missions were carried out by Italian congenital cardiac surgeons, resulting in the treatment of 471 CHD patients. In the same period 11 Italian cardiac centers operated on 251 foreign patients in Italy. In 2020, the pandemic led to a reduction of this activity by 96% for the surgery performed overseas and 86% for the interventions carried out in Italy. In conclusion our study shows the important quantitative impact of the pandemic on the Italian humanitarian cardiac surgical activity overseas and in Italy. This shocking result highlights the failure of the systems adopted so far to solve the problem of CHD in developing countries.
Gill Morphology in Two Bottom Feeder Mediterranean Sea Fishes: Grey Gurnard Fish (Eutrigla gurnardus, Linnaeus, 1758) and Striped Red Mullet Fish (Mullus barbatus surmuletus, Linnaeus, 1758) by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the current investigation was to describe the gill morphology of two bottom feeders Mediterranean Sea fishes: Striped red mullet fish (M.surmuletus) and grey gurnard fish (E.gurnardus) that showed the same feeding habits.The gill system of the grey gurnard consisted of four pairs of gill arches while consisted of three pairs of gill arches in the striped red mullet.Our study focused on the scanning electron microscopical (SEM) features of the gills, where some differences in the gill arches and gill rakers surface in both species were observed.Our results marked that there was an interbranchial septum carrying a four transverse elevated crest in grey gurnard while in striped red mullet carrying a median longitudinal elevated crest.There are some similar structure on the gill arch of two fishes as; no angle between a ceratobranchial part and epibranchial part and also the gill arch has a region of many longitudinal microridges demarcated the region between gill rakers and gill filaments.By SEM, in striped red mullet, the smooth surface of gill arch and gill rakers was characterized by the presence of high number of taste buds.By SEM in grey gurnard, gill raker appeared as a round short projected body with high number of curved apex spines.Furthermore, in striped red mullet, gill raker appeared as short projected body with high number of rod-like spines.Gill filaments were long at middle and short at extremities of gill arch in both species.
A Mathematical Model on the Feedback Between Wall Shear Stress and Intimal Hyperplasia

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a mathematical model linking blood flow, shear-dependent endothelium permeability and intimal thickening (hyperplasia) of the arterial wall, which is an initial stage in the development of atherosclerosis. The key concepts are that the intimal layer swells in response to the presence of excess oxidised LDL (OxLDL) in foam cells. The hyperplasia disturbs blood flow, affecting endothelial permeability via the wall shear stress (WSS). These changes produce a feedback mechanism. LDL is transported through the arterial wall by advection and diffusion, and the concentration of LDL at each time step is assumed to be quasi-steady since it equilibrates on a fast time scale. The process is controlled by the slow timescale of the increase in concentration of OxLDL. We consider a section of uniform axisymmetric artery, and impose an initial local injury or ‘hotspot’ of relatively high permeability that enhances the influx of LDL, triggering the development of a bump-shaped lesion. In the absence of further inflammatory processes, the lesion eventually decays back to the homeostatic state. The model is used to explore how the shape of the lesion changes over time, its effect on WSS, influx rates of LDL and the sensitivity of these processes to oxidation parameters. The lesion is shown to propagate downstream driven by regions of high and low WSS on either side of the bump, and it persists for some time after the hotspot has vanished, leaving ample time for further pro-atherogenic processes to develop.
Association of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis with Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disorder affecting exclusively liver. There has been association of this autoimmune disease with various other neurological counterparts, but Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in conjunction with primary biliary cirrhosis is unreported yet. Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome is a disorder of eye movement with an ill-defined etiology. It may be idiopathic or present as a paraneoplastic manifestation with a low response to therapeutic modalities. We present a case of primary biliary cirrhosis that developed Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome during an exaggeration of disease process which responded well to intravenous corticosteroids. Knowledge of association of Primary biliary cirrhosis with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome and its good response to treatment in this setting will help in reducing morbidity in similar situations. Key Words: Primary biliary cirrhosis; Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3536 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 110-112
Macroeconomic Determinants of Financial Distress in Turkey: An Econometric Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible links between macroeconomic factors and financial distress in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach Based on the 2009/1-2016/2 quarterly data of macroeconomic factors and the number of filings for bankruptcy postponement, econometric models are developed using forward stepwise regression and classical regression methods to determine the factors influencing financial distress. A vector error correction model is also developed using macroeconomic factors found significant in both methods to investigate the interactions of financial distress with them. Findings In the stepwise regression implementation, performed with 16 independent variables, statistically significant variables entered into the model are industrial production index with negative sign as expected and the unemployment rate with negative sign against the expectations. In the classical regression implementation, performed with 7 independent variables, statistically significant variables are ex ante real interest rate with positive sign and gross domestic product with negative sign as expected and money supply with negative sign against the expectations. The impulse response graphics of a vector error correction model involving bankruptcy postponement, industrial production index and nominal interest rate indicates that bankruptcy postponement is influenced by the shocks both in itself and in industrial production index. Originality/value This is the first study in Turkey investigates macroeconomic determinants of financial distress.
Cancer epidemiology and control in the arab world - past, present and future.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Arab world, stretching from Lebanon and Syria in the north, through to Morocco in the west, Yemen in the south and Iraq in the east, is the home of more than 300 million people. Cancer is already a major problem and the lifestyle changes underlying the markedly increasing rates for diabetes mean that the burden of neoplasia will only become heavier over time, especially with increasing obesity and aging of what are now still youthful populations. The age-distributions of the affected patients in fact might also indicate cohort effects in many cases. There are a number of active registries in the region and population-based data are now available for a considerable number of countries. A body of Arab scientists is also contributing to epidemiological research into the causes of cancer and how to develop effective control programs. The present review covers the relevant PubMed literature and cancer incidence data from various sources, highlighting similarities and variation in the different cancer types, with attempts to explain disparities with reference to possible environmental factors. In males, the most prevalent cancers vary, with lung, urinary bladder or liver in first place, while for females throughout the region breast cancer is the greatest problem. In both sexes, non-Hodgkins lymphomas and leukemias are relatively frequent, along with thyroid cancer in certain female populations. Adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate and colorectum appear to be increasing. Coordination of activities within the Arab world could bring major benefits to cancer control in the eastern Mediterranean region.
Analysis of Influence Caused by the Different Types of Reactor on the Formation and Stability of Aerobic Granular Sludge

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to investigate how to form aerobic granular sludge quickly,the intermittent flow method has been used in the experiment.The process which aerobic granular sludge is steadily fostered in Pore Plate of Plastic Sequencing Batch Reactor with different aspect ratio is studied in this paper.The paper also expounds the factor of reactor type(H/D) and affect that is caused by setting up Pore Plate of Plastic in the reactor when aerobic sludge granules form fast and steadily.The experimental results show that in the reactor under the condition of adding Pore Plate of Plastic,aerobic granular sludge can be fostered when H/D≥75∶7 but can not be fostered when H/D=1∶1.
Continuation with apixaban treatment is associated with lower risk for hospitalization and medical costs among elderly patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the risk of hospitalization and costs associated with major bleeding (MB) or stroke/systemic embolism (SE) among elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who initiated apixaban then switched to another oral anticoagulant (OAC) vs. those who continued with apixaban treatment. Methods: NVAF patients (≥65 years) initiating apixaban were identified from the Humana database (1 January 2013-30 September 2017) and grouped into switcher and continuer cohorts. For switchers, the earliest switch from apixaban to another OAC was defined as the index event/date. A random date during apixaban treatment was selected as the index date for continuers. Patients were followed from index date to health plan disenrollment or 31 December 2017, whichever was earlier. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the association of switchers vs. continuers with risk of MB-related or stroke/SE-related hospitalization and healthcare costs during follow-up. Results: Of 7858 elderly NVAF patients included in the study, 14% (N = 1110; mean age: 78 years) were switchers; 86% (N = 6748; mean age: 79 years) were continuers. Apixaban switchers vs. continuers had significantly greater risk of MB-related hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.52-2.64; p < .001) during follow-up; risk of stroke/SE hospitalization did not differ significantly (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.89-2.06, p = .154). MB- and stroke/SE-related medical costs were higher for switchers vs. continuers, although total all-cause healthcare costs were similar. Conclusion: Elderly patients with NVAF in the US who continued with apixaban treatment had a lower risk of MB-related hospitalization and lower MB- and stroke/SE-related medical costs compared to patients who switched to another OAC.