jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chiral kinetic theory in the presence of dark photon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Finding signatures of dark matter in transport characteristics of solids would be an important step on the road to detect this illusive component of the mass of our Universe. This is especially important and timely as the experiments designed to directly detect dark matter particles continue to provide negative results. As a first step in this direction we consider topologically non-trivial Weyl or Dirac semimetals and derive the modified kinetic equation taking into account two coupled $U(1)$-gauge fields, one being the standard Maxwell electromagnetic field and other corresponding to the dark sector. The resulting Boltzmann kinetic equation is modified by the Berry curvature which couples to both visible and dark sector gauge fields. It was revealed that the dark sector induces modifications of transport coefficients due to the appearance of coupling constant between gauge fields and dark sector magnetic field.
Rotation and Macroturbulence in Supergiant Stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A statistical investigation has been made of rotation and macroturbulence in early type la and lab supergiants. The principal results are: (1) At all spectral types in the range B0-A5 both rotation and macroturbulence contribute to the observed line broadening. In the early B stars rotation is as important a broadening agent as large-scale mass motion. In the middle B and A stars turbulence dominates but there still is an appreciable contribution from rotation. (2) In spite of the fact that the stars observed seem to be losing mass, there is no strong evidence for significant angular momentum loss.
Analysis of infrared temperature measurement for flue gas shielding metal surface using Source Multi-Flux method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The infrared temperature measurement technique has been applied in various fields with the development of charge coupled device. In the problem of metal surface temperature measurement, if the surface is covered by participating media, the traditional infrared temperature measurement technique will lead to intolerable measurement errors. In this work, the infrared temperature measurement problem was solved by the source multi-flux method. On this base, the impact of the flue gas thickness and surface temperature on the apparent temperature measured by the charge coupled device was analyzed. Furthermore, the corresponding experimental system was set up. And the experimental results were found to have a good agreement with the simulated results. Finally, the idea of modification for the infrared temperature measurement by inverse method was proposed.
Trauma Cases from Harborview Medical Center Carotid Artery Injury and Delayed Cerebral Infarction After Minor Pharyngeal Trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A, Axial T2-weighted image shows evidence of infarction with wedged gyriform area ofincreased signal intensity and mild mass effect in right posteriortemporal and parietal region. B, Two axial source images for three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography show narrowing of intraluminal (arrows) signal intensity in right cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) at level of pharynx near site of trauma, consistent with dissection. C. Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography maximum intensity projection shows narrowing of cervical carotid artery (arrowhead) and of distal petrous and cavernous portions of right ICA (arrow) caused by extension of dissection. Narrowing on source images (B) is less conspicuous in this projection. Irregularity in cervical carotid artery just above arrowhead may represent turbulent poststenotic flow or an intimal flap. Axial source images (not shown) showed flow into supraclinoid carotid artery. 0, Lateral projection from digital subtraction common carotid arteriogram performed 6 months after initial imaging shows occlusion of right ICA )straightarrow)just above bifurcation. Reconstitution at cavernous portion of ICA (curved arrow) by collateral vessels occurs from external carotid artery and circle of Willis.
Admittance spectroscopy of electron irradiated p-type indium phosphide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Admittance spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on electron irradiated ITO/p-InP and Au/p-InP diodes, and their results have been compared with those obtained from I-V-T properties, deep level transient spectroscopy and thermally stimulated capacitance measurements. It was found that a high fluence of electron radiation, 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ induces a dominant defect HD1 with a density of /spl sim/1.3/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/, much higher than that of defects H3 and H4. A further defect HD2 was also observed with a density of /spl sim/3/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/, which only appeared after annealing at T/sub A/>90/spl deg/C. It is defect HD1 which is held responsible for the removal of most carriers, the increase of series resistance and the subsequent degradation of solar cells, and not defects H3 and H4 as is normally accepted. Defect HD1 has a low threshold annealing temperature of /spl sim/70/spl deg/C, and is completely removed at 100/spl deg/C, more than 30/spl deg/C lower than that of defects H3 and H4.< >
Identification of differentially expressed genes in lesional versus nonlesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis by using high-throughput transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

摘要： 【摘要】 目的 探讨中重度特应性皮炎（AD）患者皮损和非皮损组织转录组差异表达基因，并阐述差异表达基因在AD发病机制中的作用。方法 2016年7 - 10月于广州市皮肤病防治所/广州医科大学皮肤病研究所门诊收集5例汉族AD患者的皮损和非皮损组织，运用二代高通量RNA转录组测序（RNA-seq）技术进行测序，筛选差异表达基因，并对其进行GO功能注释及 KEGG通路分析。实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）验证候选基因在皮损和非皮损组织中的表达差异。结果 10个样品测序平均获得10.96 Gb数据，共检测到21 729条基因，其中19 268条为已知基因，2 545条为预测的新基因；共检测出23 153个新转录本，其中18 889个属于已知蛋白编码基因新的可变剪接亚型，2 545 个属于新的蛋白编码基因的转录本，其他1 719个属于长链非编码RNA。78条基因在皮损和非皮损中表达差异有统计学意义，其中67条在皮损中高表达，11条低表达，包括已知与AD炎症（CXCL1/2/8、IL6/IL1β、MMP1、SERPINB4、S100A2、GZMB、OASL、OSM）、屏障（KRT16、FABP5、CYP1A1）、角质形成细胞分化（IL-20）等相关的基因。GO分析显示，72条差异基因获得功能注释。KEGG 通路分析表明，差异表达基因共富集到132条信号通路中，其中13条通路显著富集，包括白细胞介素17通路、NOD样受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路等。qRT-PCR 结果显示，候选基因CXCL1、KRT6A、IL36A、SERPINB4和 PSAPL1的mRNA表达与转录组测序结果趋势一致。结论 本研究在转录组水平上筛选出AD患者皮损和非皮损组织差异表达基因及相关重要调节信号通路，发现汉族AD患者白细胞介素17通路最为富集，为深入探讨AD发病机制提供重要的基础。
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Outcome of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Little information is available about survival outcomes of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer treated with adjuvant capecitabine-containing chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab. Patients and methods. One thousand and fi ve hundred patients with early breast cancer were entered to the Finland Capecitabine trial (FinXX) between January 2004 and May 2007, and were randomly assigned to receive either three cycles of adjuvant TX (docetaxel, capecit-abine) followed by three cycles of CEX (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, capecitabine; TX-CEX) or three cycles of docetaxel followed by three cycles of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fl uorouracil; T-CEF). The primary endpoint was recur-rence-free survival (RFS). The study protocol was amended in May 2005 while study accrual was ongoing to allow adjuvant
On the Enlightenment of Theory and Technology of the Psychological Consultation on Moral Education in Colleges

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The university students in the new periods are faced with tests of morality values and philosophy,as well as sustain psychological problems such as study and employment.Therefore,it's becoming more important to strengthen college students' ideology and moral education,most moral educator are exploring more useful methods.This essay aims to explicate the enlightenment of psychological consultation on moral education in higher education institutions,so as to promote the effect of moral education in the new time.
Enhancing hydraulic performance of a multi-stage anaerobic digester for high solids cattle manure

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anaerobic digestion is an attractive technology for waste handling because it converts low value waste material into energy and other useful products while performing necessary treatment for proper waste disposal. Conventional anaerobic digestion technology, however, has been met with many economic challenges when being applied to high solids substrate such as dry-lot cattle manure. In Colorado and the rest of the arid west, feedlot practices and dry climate combine to form a waste product that is very high in total solids (TS) content, from 50% up to 90% TS. Since the most common conventional digestion practices typically can only treat wastes up to a maximum of 15% TS, other options must be considered to digest this abundant waste product and convert it to a valuable resource. Research at Colorado State University has led to the development of an innovative multi-stage anaerobic digester (MSAD) technology capable of digesting high solids content waste with very low water addition. The CSU MSAD has demonstrated the ability to successfully digest high solids content waste like that found at the many Colorado feedlots. This system differs from conventional technology in that hydrolysis takes place in one reactor and methane generation takes place in a separate high rate digester. The development of the MSAD for digestion of high solids cattle manure leads to the promising opportunity for valorization of a prevalent waste product in Colorado to create valuable products including methane biogas, compost, and fertilizers. The present research aims to advance the technology by assessing the performance of the MSAD running in a fully linked configuration including each of its individual components: the Upflow Solid-State Hydrolysis Reactor (USSHR), the Leachate Feed Tank (LFT), and the Fixed Film Reactor (FFR). A fully functional Central Leachate Processing System (CLPS) was constructed to demonstrate the technology, to facilitate column scale studies, and to link with the prototype USSHR (P-USSHR) to enable the evaluation of an improved liquid distribution system. The MSAD was constructed at column scale to evaluate the impact on organic leaching potential of varying hydraulic loading rate (HLR) through the USSHR using HLRs of 20, 41, and 75 cm/day for 16-day cycles. This experiment was the first successful demonstration of a fully linked MSAD system using cattle manure as feedstock. It was found that the higher HLR of 75 cm/day yields 25% more COD leached over the 16-day operating period than the two lower loading rates. Additionally, it was found that the P-USSHR achieved notable improvements over the previous operation in hydraulic distribution through the reactor and therefore improved digestion performance and volatile solids destruction, though areas for further improvement were noted.
Matrinium picrolonate 0.28-hydrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound [systematic name: (7aS*,13aR*,13bR*,13cS*)-10-oxo-dodeca­hydro-1H,5H,8H-dipyrido[2,1-f:3′,2′,1′-ij][1,6]naphthyridinium 3-methyl-4-nitro-1-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-5-oxo-2-pyrazolinate 0.28-hydrate], C15H25N2O+·C10H7N4O5−·0.28H2O, consists of one matrinium cation [matrine is (7aS,13aR,13bR,13cS)-dodeca­hydro-1H,5H,8H-dipyrido[2,1-f:3′,2′,1′-ij][1,6]naphthyridin-10-one], one picrolonate anion and 0.28 water mol­ecules, held together by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Disordered C atoms in the ring bearing the carbonyl group of the matrinium cation cause the ring to appear in half-chair and half-boat conformations.
Color Variation among Habitat Types in the Spiny Softshell Turtles (Trionychidae: Apalone) of Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ground coloration is highly variable in many reptile species. In turtles, ground color may correspond well to the background coloration of the environment and can change over time to match new surroundings in the laboratory. Variable carapace and plastron coloration across three habitat types were investigated in the Black Softshell Turtle, Apalone spinifera atra, by measuring individual components of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color system. In general, A. s. atra carapaces were darker in turtles from lagoons than in turtles from playa lakes. Red and green values were significantly different among all pairs of habitat types, but blue values differed only between the playa lakes and lagoons. Mean color components (RG only) for each population were significantly correlated with corresponding values for the bottom substrate, indicating a positive association of carapace and habitat substrate color components. In contrast, plastron ground color RGB channels showed no significant differences between habitat types and no significant correlations with substrate RGB. These results suggest that dorsal background matching in A. s. atra may be responsible for some of the variation in this key taxonomic trait.
Workplace Violence Among Frontline Clinicians in Emergency Departments Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Frontline clinicians working in the emergency department (ED) were at disportionate risk of workplace violence (WPV). This study investigated the prevalence of WPV and its association on quality of life (QOL) among this population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results : The overall prevalence of WPV was 29.2% (95%CI: 26.5%-31.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that having family/friends/colleagues infected with COVID-19 (OR=1.81, P =0.01), current smoking status (OR=3.24, P <0.01) and severity of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.13, P <0.01) were positively associated with WPV. Working in inpatient ED units (OR=0.45, P <0.01) was negatively associated with WPV. After controlling for covariates, clinicians experiencing WPV had a lower overall QOL compared to those without (F (1, 1103) =14.2, P <0.01). Conclusions : Prevalence of workplace violence was common among ED clinicians in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of WPV on QOL and care quality, timely preventive measures should be undertaken for ED clinicians.
RAWEP - A Tool for Need Assessment among Rural Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A need assessment is the process of identifying and determining how to bridge the gap between an organization's current and desired state. It is part of a planning process to determine gaps, or “needs,” and address areas for improvement or development. It can help decide where and how resources may be directed, for a specific intervention or method which works well in a rural context. Policymakers and funding agencies who are into rural community developmental activities assess the needs first, to understand the situation and make effective interventions. Rural awareness work experience programme (RAWEP) is an integrated component of B.Sc. (Hons.) Community Science introduced in to the syllabus of B.Sc. Home Science (Hons.) by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, in the year 2002, which initially facilitates the students to understand the rural situations, status of technologies adopted by rural women, prioritize their problems and to develop skills & attitude working with farm families for overall development in rural areas, aiming at bringing improvement in quality of life of rural families. It gives the real-life exposure to the students through providing a close-knit interaction between students and rural families, giving a base for need assessment that exposes to different challenges and opportunities faced by the farm women, their changed role in household work and allied fields and initiate knowledge, understanding and skills among the rural women which leads to the overall development improving the quality of life of rural families. It also offers a firsthand experience to students to utilize knowledge gained in first three years and transfer simple and improved practices to the rural women. RAWEP is an effective tool to access the needs of rural folk, their challenges and opportunities, their changed role in household work and allied fields. Students get a unique opportunity to initiate knowledge, transfer skills to the rural women, which ultimately contributes to the overall development of their families. This article presents fallouts of their experiences in context of learnings viz. field experience, team work, experiential learning, address the problems at field level, exposure to administration and management issues in context of rural and farm women, planning and implementing of different need based capacity building programmes , collecting information through different methods, participation in developmental programmes, etc for their future field situations along with result in identification of ground reality and original problems, seek greater understanding, discover inventive answers and suggest methods to overcome the problems. Data was gathered based on fieldwork conducted at Meenavolu, Sudhaguda, Madhanpalli, Gundampalli, Kowta(B), Madhapur, Chennayapalem,Goliyathanda, Manugur, Dowthabad, Vedira, Mandhamarri, Kamaripet, villages from Peddapalli, Thadiparthi districts. The study perceives how RAWE programme was engaged to identify the needs and problems of the adopted villages.
INFORMATION AND THE ADOPTION OF PRECISION FARMING

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study examines the relationship between precision farming information sources and precision farming adoption. The analysis accounts for the fact that not all farmers are aware of precision farming techniques and that those who are aware may not be a random sample. Results indicate that many information sources increase adoption relative to information only from the media, but contact with crop consultants has had the greatest impact on the adoption of precision farming technologies.
Benefits of Insect-Resistant Maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Resistance to many insects that attack maize has been identified. Resistance varies from very high to low, but all levels of resistance are useful in managing insect populations. If resistance were not available, maize could not be economically produced in some areas. Many commercial maize hybrids have some resistance to economically important insects. Over 65% of commercial maize hybrids have some resistance to the corn leaf aphid; >90% have some resistance to 1st-generation European com borer, and >75% have some resistance to 2nd-generation European corn borer. Transgenic (Bacillus thuringiensis) cultivars have been developed that will play a major part in the management of borer populations. Resistance to corn earworm has been identified in the silks of various cultivars. The corn rootworm is a significant pest; however, the only useable resistance has been tolerance. Identification of antibiosis to western corn rootworm in maize appears likely. The sources of resistance being explored are exotic maize and relatives of maize. The southwestern corn borer is a significant pest of maize in the southern and southeastern United States. The average annual loss from the borer is 1%. One maize composite population and 8 inbred lines with resistance to southwestern corn borer have been released by the USDA—ARS at Mississippi State University. Most of these cultivars also are resistant to European corn borer. Another host plant resistance program is being developed for chinch bugs. Techniques for production and manual infestation have been developed. A major contribution to host plant resistance research has been the development of techniques that allow various degrees of resistance or susceptibility to be distinguished. These techniques include rearing, manual infestation, and rating damage. They have been readily adapted by the maize industry, and this has promoted cooperative working relations and permits the producer to enjoy the end products of research in a more timely fashion.
Hydrogen Fuelled Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An introductory overview of the micro and small-scale devices for the combustion in micro gas turbines is presented at the beginning of this paper. The work, thereafter presents the development of a micro combustor design, where the combustion process was simulated by CFD and tested experimentally. 3-dimensional model for combustion simulations was used. The fuel is hydrogen and primary zone equivalence ratio of 0.9 was simulated. Reactive flow calculations were carried out with 19 reversible reactions and nine species. The analysis of the simulated results was based on the obtained velocity profiles, concentration and temperature distributions within the liner. A micro combustor was manufactured and tests demonstrated its successful operation. Measurements of temperature, pressure and velocities along the length of combustion chamber were obtained. The experimental and simulation results are compared and a good qualitative and quantitative agreement was found between the experiments and the predicted values. Due to the complexity associated with performing combustion experiments in small dimensions, only limited data could be recorded.
The Locking Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The java.util.concurrent.locks package provides a framework of interfaces and classes for locking and waiting for conditions in a manner that's distinct from an object's intrinsic lock-based synchronization and java.lang.Object's wait/notification mechanism. The concurrency utilities include the Locking Framework that improves on intrinsic synchronization and wait/notification by offering lock polling, timed waits, and more.
Western Gender Policies in Afghanistan: Failing Women and Provoking Men

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender identities and politics have always been entangled with geopolitics in Afghanistan. Since 2001, when North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces ousted the Taliban government, a great deal of research on gender issues and the status of women has been done in Afghanistan. There is, however, a lack of research on how Afghan men themselves view these efforts to promote gender equality and women's rights. Based on my primary research in Kabul around Afghan masculinity, I found that the efforts of the international community to promote gender equality and improve the conditions of women in Afghanistan have not worked. On the contrary, they have provoked even educated Afghan men into taking up more defensive and conservative positions, instead of convincing them that women deserve equal rights. I demonstrate that gender training since October 2001 has been geopolitical, economic, and social, employing Western notions of gender equality to Afghanistan with scant regard for their relevance in an economy of scarce jobs. This cultural insensitivity exhibited by the international community has contributed to the general disdain for gender equality and women's rights among most Afghan men in Kabul.
Subprime mortgage default rates, spread volatility and contagion to stock markets.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis studies (i) the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis on the mortgage-backed CDS market and equity markets using the ABX.HE indices and the S&P 500 and DJIA Index, (ii) the underlying parameters such as implied spreads, default probabilities and long-term implications of the subprime mortgage crisis.