jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Theory of space-harmonic traveling-wave interactions in semiconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Strong coupling can be obtained between slow space-charge waves in thin biased semiconductors and long-wavelength microwave fields, if the semiconductor is overlaid with an insulated periodic mosaic of tiny metal stripes. Microscopic field perturbations are represented by a set of slow space-harmonic waves traveling in opposite directions, with a standing-wave interference pattern which matches the periodicity of the mosaic. When the carrier drift velocity is approximately synchronized with one of the space-harmonic waves, interaction is enhanced, space-charge waves may be induced, negative-resistance effects may appear, and power may be coupled from the semiconductor into external microwave networks. Theory indicates that the principle can be used to obtain microwave amplification or oscillation in thin biased layers of normal semiconductors such as silicon or germanium. It may also be possible to couple efficiently in this way to traveling Gunn-effect domains in extensive thin layers of gallium arsenide.
The Institutionalization of the Labor Regime: Law and Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The collapse of central authority in Mexico, the unionization of the mills, and the consistent workers' challenge to authority ultimately destroyed the old labor regime. The military decrees demonstrated to new elites that it was necessary to institutionalize labor affairs, which is the focus of this chapter. It begins with the first institutionalization, the convention, and protocontract that culminated the 1911 general strike. With the military decrees of 1914–16, it became obvious that the Constitutionalists would draft a labor code, which became Article 123 of the 1917 Constitution. This Article built on the military decrees, a direct response to the workers' revolt in cotton textiles. Conflict at the Constitutional Convention left the states to implement Article 123 through state labor codes. The most important were those in the textile states of Veracruz (1918) and Puebla (1921). The chapter concludes with an analysis of the labor codes in the two states.
OPEN2018 (continuation of GENSETS effort)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This project has demonstrated the key components and engineering principles to support a residential scale (1 to 2 kWe) recuperated Brayton cycle generator based upon a screw compressor and screw expander. This technical work is a continuation of the previously awarded ‘GENSETS’ program. The product goal has been to achieve a 40% fuel-to-electric LHV efficiency, an 80% overall CHP efficiency, emissions qualified to the California Air Resources Board standards, and at noise levels of 55 dB or less at 1 meter. Further, the product must operate with 8,000 hour service intervals and achieve a mean-time to overhaul of 90,000 hours. Lastly, and possibly most importantly, the product must meet demanding cost targets, exhibiting a factory cost well below $1,500/kWe. After extensive aerodynamic studies under the ‘GENSETS’ program, Brayton concluded that miniature turbomachinery could not achieve an efficiency consistent with the product’s system performance goal. Given compressor and turbine efficiency targets in the range of 78 to 81%, Brayton turned to the rotary screw machines. While the justification for a screw compressor over a conventional centrifugal compressor is well supported by industry experience, the high temperature expander represented the core technology advancement. To meet the extremely high efficiency goals, an all-ceramic rotary screw expander hot section was developed and has now been tested in the laboratory. This first-of-its-kind ceramic screw expander prototype was able to demonstrate aerodynamic efficiency in line with predictions. The test article was successfully run to full stress conditions so has also validated the mechanical design of such a unit. This has opened new avenues for the commercialization of high efficiency, small scale power generation. Interest in the technology has sparked several requests for alternate uses, an invitation to present at a screw machine conference, and continued interest from parties looking to develop a product in the spirit of the original ‘GENSETS’ goals.
Papers From a Training Program in Salvage Archaeology. Assembled by Henry C. Greminger. Museum of New Mexico, Papers in Anthropology, Paper No. 3, Santa Fe, 1961. 68 pp., 41 figs., 3 tables, n.p.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Papers From a Training Program in Salvage Archaeology. Assembled by Henry C. Greminger. Museum of New Mexico, Papers in Anthropology, Paper No. 3, Santa Fe, 1961. 68 pp., 41 figs., 3 tables, n.p. - Volume 28 Issue 3
Digital baseband for IEEE 802.15.4 transmitter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IEEE 802.15.4 is a new standard uniquely designed for low date rate, low power consumption and low cost wireless networking and offers device level wireless connectivity. It has a wide range of applications in personal short range wireless communication devices. Nowadays, it is also widely used in biomedical devices for signal processing. This Project focuses on the Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) modulator inside the IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver with 2.4 GHz operation. It contains two major parts: construction of OQPSK modulator using Matlab Simulink and the design of half-sine pulse-shaping filter circuit for the OQPSK modulator. The OQPSK modulator constructed with Matlab Simulink are simulated with the input bit frequency of 10 Hz and carrier frequency of 20 Hz. The result waveform verifies that the OQPSK modulated signal is sinusoidal and has constant amplitude, phase. However, the frequency varies. The half-sine pulse-shaping filter is one of the major components in the OQPSK modulator. It helps reduce the signal bandwidth to save the frequency spectrum. The first design of the half-sine pulse shaping filter is analogous to the digital Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The design contains multipliers and a shift register and hence is more complex. The second half-sine filter with a simplified circuit comes out. It contains a 7-bit output signal and has a sampling frequency that is four times the input data bit rate. After synthesizing, a simple RTL schematic is derived. It contains a counter, a logic gate ANDB2B, a D-flip-flop and a ROM. The functionality of the circuit is then verified using Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA demo board and HP 1660E Logic Analyzer. For future development, the output of the circuit could be further transformed into continues time signal by connecting into a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC).
Operation of Modular Smart Grid Applications Interacting through a Distributed Middleware

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

IoT-functionality can broaden the scope of distribution system automation in terms of functionality and communication. However, it also poses risks regarding resource consumption and security. This article presents a field approved IoT-enabled smart grid middleware, which allows for flexible deployment and management of applications within smart grid operation. In the first part of the work, the resource consumption of the middleware is analyzed and current memory bottlenecks are identified. The bottlenecks can be resolved by introducing a new entity that allows to dynamically load multiple applications within one JVM. The performance was experimentally tested and the results suggest that its application can significantly reduce the applications' memory footprint on the physical device. The second part of the study identifies and discusses potential security threats, with a focus on attacks stemming from malicious software applications within the framework. In order to prevent such attacks a proxy based prevention mechanism is developed and demonstrated.
Social Interactions and Learning in an Informal Setting: An Ethnography of Communication in a Knitting Circle.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes a study of a speech community, a group of approximately 10 women, aged 25 to 65, who met at least 3 times a month to knit, drink coffee, and chat. The paper notes that knitting circles have survived through history because they serve a social function that surpasses historical events--they are communities that co-construct the reality of their community through linguistic and educational experiences. According to the paper, the communication that occurs within the knitting speech community is both verbal and nonverbal, and the novices of the speech community in this study will be the experienced knitters of future circles, thanks to their acceptance in this circle. Research questions addressed in the paper were how the members of this speech community use language to co-construct teaching moments and whether there is a difference between the speech acts used by experienced knitters and by novice knitters. After 10 meetings where the ethnographer spoke with key members of the group, patterns emerged which helped answer the research questions. Knitting was identified as a craft with its own terminology; the language used by members of the community established social roles and novice knitters employed different speech acts than more experienced knitters did. Typically a less experienced knitter asked for assistance from a more experienced knitter. The language used by the speech community allows the co-construction of meaning that shapes the group, and allows learning to take place among its members. The social interactions within the knitting circle promote a caring atmosphere open to dialogue, and that the dialogue and language used to ask for help define the educational roles of master and apprentice knitters. (NKA)
Current confinement in EP-VECSELs for high power single-mode operation suitable for passive mode-locking

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the main advantages of using VECSEL lasers for mode-locked operation is their power scalability. Best performance data available for mode-locked semiconductor lasers have been achieved with optically pumped VECSELs, reaching pulses in the femtosecond regime and average powers in the watt regime.1 This advantage is challenging for electrically pumped VECSELs, where a homogeneous carrier injection into the center must be provided in order to maintain a single-mode operation for large diameter devices. In this paper we investigate the current injection from the bottom contact of a VECSEL design, and estimate the leakage of the hole current. Then we introduce two designs that can reduce the leakage current and enhance the injection into the center of the device, thereby increasing the simulated output power by more than 20% in CW-mode while maintaining an optimal gain profile suitable for single-mode operation.
ON THE TITRATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE AND THE PARTICULATE HYPOTHESIS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

1. The theory of the serial dilution method of titration of bacterio-phage has been worked out on the basis of the simple particulate hypothesis. 2. It has been shown that, if the dilution constant is .1, only about 60 per cent of parallel runs on the same solution should give the same end-point, the average being taken over a great number of titrations of each of a great variety of solutions. 3. The discrepancy between this figure, 60 per cent, and Dr. Bronfenbrenner's estimate, 85 per cent, is considerable. 4. Inasmuch as the particulate hypothesis is well founded, no explanation of the discrepancy is suggested.
Response of Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma t. tigrinum) to Wetland Restoration in a Midwestern Agricultural Landscape, U.S.A.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since the early 1990s, > 3,000 ha of wetlands (and adjacent prairie) have been restored on the row-crop agricultural landscape of Winnebago County, Iowa, U.S.A. From 2014–2016, we surveyed 45 wetlands among 19 easements for occupancy by Eastern Tiger Salamanders ( Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum ) and used radio-telemetry to measure their patterns of movement and habitat use. Rates of occupancy increased with wetland age, from < 25% for wetlands 1–2 years old to ∼75% for wetlands > 11 years old. A two-year survey (2014 and 2015) of ten wetlands restored in 2013 showed that nine were occupied after two years; we did not find a relationship between distance to the nearest salamander population and occupancy of newly restored wetlands by salamanders. We tracked 30 salamanders after they left their breeding wetlands for an average of 69±37 d (range = 14–109 d) and relocated them a total of 393 times. Typically, once a salamander left its breeding wetland, it traveled 50–350 m over several days, found a suitable burrow, then remained for much of the rest of the season. Mean daily distances traveled by salamanders were 7.9±5.6 m (range = 0–135 m); the range of maximum straight-line distances moved was 26–659 m; only one individual salamander traveled in a statistically linear path, relative to a random walk. While ∼90% of the landscape was composed of row-crop fields, salamanders used protective grassy habitats (e.g., restored prairie, road ditches) on ∼88% of our observations. Only three salamanders used row-crop fields, and two of them were killed by heavy equipment. Regardless of the terrestrial habitat types used by salamanders, we found them underground on 336 (84.8%) of our observations.
IMPACT OF PRESIDENT BUHARI-LED GOVERNMENT ANTICORRUPTION CRUSADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study assessed the impact of President Buhari administration as it tries to curb the menace of corruption in the country.The scourge over the years have been the problem of African essentially Nigeria.Most of the past leaders demonstrated high genuine commitment toward fighting corruption to minimize it.Yet it appears any effort made rather resuscitate or rejuvenate in a greater dimension.The study's specific objective is to determine the impact of Buhari's anti-corruption crusade on the nation's economic growth and development.The data sourced for this work was through a questionnaire.It was analysed through simple percentages.The finding reveals that as President Buhari integrated, implemented and also established institutions like ICPC, EFCC, TSA, Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) and whistleblower policy reduced the spate at a minimal level.It concluded that those found guilty of corruption charges against them, irrespective of their affiliation with the President in one way or the other, should be made to face the full wrath of the law to serve as a deterrent to others.The paper recommended there should narrow the economic gap between civil servants, public servants and political office holders in the country.This can relatively reduce the rate of corruption in the country.
EFFICIENT SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELLING TO ENABLE TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Time-dependent analysis scenarios such as heat, wind or flood analysis in cities and in landscapes need a correct and consistent modelling of geometry and topology over time. However, hitherto efficient time-dependent geometry models and topological analysis based on a mathematically sound theory were neglected when modelling objects in the built and natural environment. This is surprising as incorrect topological relationships over time such as not fitting neighbourhoods of surfaces or solids inevitably lead to wrong analysis results. In this paper we propose the combination of a spatio-temporal geometry model together with a topological schema to provide accessible and consistent objects over time. Where an efficient spatio-temporal geometry model reduces redundant geometric data and enables spatio-temporal queries, an efficient topological model minimizes the number of relations as far as possible and enables robust topological queries. The geometry model uses the concepts of point tubes, delta storage as well as net components and pre- and post-objects to enable the change of geometry and topology over time for natural structures, e.g., digital terrain models (DTM). Geometry here are the boundary and interior coordinates of the objects whereas topology here is interpreted in a wider sense than only focusing on geometrically induced topology to maintain topological consistency by the management of incidence relations. In addition, the topological schema introduces three basic bidirectional relation types to manage aggregations, abstractions and incidences in order to provide a general abstract topological schema for the management of complex intra- and inter-related spatio-temporal objects to enable the modelling of consistent complex topology over time. Finally, a conclusion is given highlighting the applicability of the approach and future research.
A Probe into the Status Quo of the Young Teachers in Private Higher Learning Institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young teachers account for the largest proportion of the total in privately-run universities. However, for the time being, there exist a number of problems: 1) Having been the main forces of the faculty, they can hardly become elite teachers, without functioning as key staff in the framework. 2) They lack job security, though they have love for their profession of tutorship. 3) As the main motivational forces to the development of these private schools, they endure strong work pressure. 4) They are eager to improve themselves, yet there are many obstacles that exist in respect of furthering their studies and training programs, etc. In consequence, for the purpose of attaching importance to the young teachers and improving their present situation, private universities should take the following aspects into account: First, perfect salary distribution and performance management. Second, implement a mentor system of guidance, help and sharing experiences for young teachers. Third, support young teachers for further training to improve themselves, and so on.
Measurement of Plasma Renin Activity by Angiotensin I Radioimmunoassay: A Modification of Haber's Method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I and its appli-cation to the measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied. The assay method consists of the incubation of plasma at 37°C, pH 5.5 for 6 hours with disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and the radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I generated during the incubation. The values of PRA determined by the present method showed a good correlation with that of bioassay. We examined to find the ideal conditions in each step of this procedure and found its high specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility for routine clinical use. Materials and Methods: 1) Angiotensin I antibody Angiotensin I antiserum was supplied from Schwarz Mann which was produced by injection of copolymers of asparatyl-isoleucyl5-angiotensin I and succinylated poly-L-lysine in a rabbit according to Haber's method. 2) Preparation of 125I-angiotensin I Angiotensin I was iodinated according to the method of Hunter and Greenwood. Anion exchange resin was employed on the procedure of the purification of 125I-angiotensin I. 3) Angiotensin I standard solution Asparatyl-isoleucyl 5-angiotensin I supplied from the Institute for Protein Research of Osaka University was dissolved to the Concentration of 500 μg/ml with 0.1M acetic acid. This solution was used as a stock standard solution. 4) Blood sampling Blood was drawn in the morning under fasting and recumbent position. Plasma was separated by centrifugation and was stored at -20°C. 5) Incubation One milliliter of plasma was pipetted into a polyethylene tube and incubated with EDTA and DFP at 37°C, pH 5.5 for 6 hours. 6) Radioimmunoassay Tris acetate buffer 0.2M, pH 7.4 containing lysozyme 0.1%, EDTA 0.05% was used as diluent for all samples and reagents. All procedures were performed in polyethylene tube. Standard angiotensin I (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300 and 500 pg) or 10μl of samples were mixed with 6, 000 cpm of 125I-angiotensin I and 50μl of dilute antiserum in 1ml of tris buffer. The mixtures were incubated at 4°C for 24 hours. After the incubation, dextran coated charcoal was added to each tube and then shaken for 20 minutes and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded and the precipitate was counted in a well-type scintillation counter. The binding ratio of each standard solution was calculated and plotted on a semilogarithm paper (standard curve). The binding ratio was used as a quantitative indicator to estimate angiotensin I content in each sample.
‘What about the fathers?’ Bringing ‘Dads on Board™’ with their infants and toddlers following violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines a group work intervention developed for fathers who had successfully participated in a men's behaviour change program and who wished to undertake further work to strengthen and improve the bond between themselves and their infant/toddler (up to age 4). It focuses on two groups run in 2010–2011, uses material directly taken from each program and explores in detail how this intervention was developed, how the program was structured, the profile of the fathers involved and the subsequent inclusion of their partners within both groups. It also includes a small evaluation. Pivotal to this intervention was the implementation of an 'infant-led' approach.
Precariously balanced rocks and ground-motion maps for Southern California

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Groups of precariously balanced rocks are effectively low-resolution strong-motion seismoscopes that have been operating on solid rock outcrops for thousands of years and, once the methodology has been developed, can provide important information about seismic risk. In one zone, near Victorville, only 30 km from the nearest point on the San Andreas fault, more than 50 precarious rocks have been documented. Widespread rock varnish suggests that many of these rocks have been in their current unstable positions for thousands of years. We have established the mechanical basis for rough estimates of the horizontal accelerations necessary to topple these rocks, using field observations and numerical and physical modeling. To verify that zones of precarious rocks do not occur near historic earthquakes, searches using binoculars were made along roads, with occasional foot surveys, near large earthquakes. Based on these reconnaissance searches, we conclude that no precarious rock zones are found within 15 km of zones of high-energy release of historic large earthquakes. To document the occurrence of precarious rocks in southern California, road surveys were carried out along major roads. Four zones of precarious rocks and seven other zones of somewhat less precarious rocks have been documented. Published probabilistic ground-motion maps for southern California are compared with the occurrence of zones of precarious and semi-precarious rocks. The results are encouraging and suggest that eventually, studies of precarious rocks will provide important constraints on the assumptions on which the maps are based. Results from studies of precarious rocks may eventually provide important information for siting and design of sensitive structures such as hospitals and power plants. Precarious rocks give a direct indication of past ground shaking, in contrast to the indirect inference provided by fault-trenching studies, which may be subject to uncertainties in the actual time history of slip due to the fault (e.g., fault creep, “slow” earthquakes, or unknown dynamic stress drop). It is concluded that precarious rocks warrant further study and quantitative analysis.