jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL NOTE Competition and Cooperation Among Similar Representations: Toward a Unified Account of Facilitative and Inhibitory Effects of Lexical Neighbors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

One of the core principles of how the mind works is the graded, parallel activation of multiple related or similar representations. Parallel activation of multiple representations has been particularly important in the development of theories and models of language processing, where coactivated representations (neighbors) have been shown to exhibit both facilitative and inhibitory effects on word recognition and production. Researchers generally ascribe these effects to interactive activation and competition, but there is no unified explanation for why the effects are facilitative in some cases and inhibitory in others. We present a series of simulations of a simple domain-general interactive activation and competition model that is broadly consistent with more specialized domain-specific models of lexical processing. The results showed that interactive activation and competition can indeed account for the complex pattern of reversals. Critically, the simulations revealed a core computational principle that determines whether neighbor effects are facilitative or inhibitory: Strongly active neighbors exert a net inhibitory effect, and weakly active neighbors exert a net facilitative effect.
Noncommutative Topological Theories of Gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The possibility of noncommutative topological gravity arising in the same manner as Yang-Mills theory is explored. We use the Seiberg-Witten map to construct such a theory based on a SL(2,C) complex connection, from which the Euler characteristic and the signature invariant are obtained. This gives us a way towards the description of noncommutative gravitational instantons as well as noncommutative local gravitational anomalies.
Analyzing Uncertainty in Cost-effectiveness For Decision-making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is intended to help collective purchasers of health care to determine which interventions to prioritize, by ranking them according to the cost of each unit of “health benefit” they produce. The primary focus of this article is on the social decision-making approach where the decision-maker's objective is assumed to be the maximization of health gains subject to a given budget constraint. This article begins with the rationale for presenting a full characterization and analysis of uncertainty within any CEA. An overview of methods that can be used to conduct a CEA that accounts for uncertainty is provided, including the means to present and interpret the results. The benefits and limitations of the methods for analyzing uncertainty are considered in the context of providing information to decision-makers. The article concludes by discussing the additional questions that arise when the need for further research to support those decisions is considered.
Bibliographic Literature Review of Postgraduate Theses Examining Burnout of Employees in Special Education Institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to bibliographically examine postgraduate theses on burnout among individuals working in special education institutions in Türkiye. A total of 46 postgraduate theses obtained from the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) database were analyzed using document analysis, a qualitative research method. The theses were evaluated based on prede-termined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings revealed that the topic of burnout was predominantly addressed at the master’s level (95.66%), with a limited number of studies conducted at the doctoral (2.17%) and medical specialization (2.17%) levels. Quantitative research methods (100%) were exclusively used, with relational (54.35%) and desc-riptive survey (45.65%) designs being the most frequently employed appro-aches. Studies conducted in the fields of psychology (19.59%) and special education (15.26%) were prominent, while fewer studies were observed in areas such as public health, business administration, and rehabilitation. Among the most frequently examined variables alongside burnout were job satisfaction (11.90%), work engagement (11.90%), and self-efficacy (11.90%), reflecting a focus on individual and professional factors. When examining the geographical distribution of research, it was found that stu-dies conducted at universities in the western regions were more prevalent compared to those in the eastern regions. The study emphasizes the neces-sity of qualitative and mixed-method research to explore the contextual and multidimensional aspects of burnout. Furthermore, increasing research in underrepresented fields such as health and organizational management could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. This bibliographic review contributes to the existing literature while provi-ding practical recommendations for addressing burnout in special education institutions. It underscores the importance of support mechanisms tailored to the unique challenges faced by employees in this field.
Integrated DNA purification and amplification using FTA® paper and PCR reagent encapsulation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the development of a combined microfluidic system for purification and amplification of DNA from FTA® paper. Using FTA® paper eradicates the need to elute nucleic acids from a solid-phase matrix prior to downstream processing, enabling both purification and amplification to be easily performed in a single chamber on the microfluidic device. Following optimization of the methodology and associated control systems, successful amplification of the D21 S11 locus from human buccal swab samples stored on FTA® paper was achieved. Such a system offers advantages in terms of a simple sample introduction interface and the ability to process archived samples in an integrated microfluidic environment with minimal risk of contamination.
Attitude of a Discrete Group of Nigerian Male Doctors Towards Prostate Cancer Screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer among Nigerian males [1]. Screening for prostate cancer is a topical issue among doctors as some studies have not conclusively shown higher survival rate among patients who had their pathology detected early. Taking into consideration the uncertainty surrounding prostate cancer screening, coupled with the fact that doctors are most of the time overwhelmed with solving the problems of their patients while neglecting their personal health. This study assesses the attitude of a discrete group of Nigerian doctors towards prostate cancer screening. Objective: To assess the attitude towards prostate cancer screening of male medical doctors in public hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out over a period of six months at theUniversity of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and the Central Hospital Benin City. It involved all male doctors, 40 years and above. Data were collected using a well-structured self-administered questionnaire, collated and subjected to statistical analysis. Result: The study involved 214 male doctors. One hundred and fifty two of them practice in UBTH, while 62 of them practice in Central Hospital. The mean (standard deviation) age of the respondents was 48.5 (6.3) years. Ninety five percent (205) of the respondents had positive attitude towards prostate cancer screening. The main factors indicated by the respondents that affect individual decision to undergo prostate cancer screening were: the cost of screening [151 (70.6%)], lack of awareness [138 (64.5%)], fear of being stigmatized [97 (45.3%)] and fear of having a positive test [91 (42.5%)]. The least indicated was cultural barriers [42 (19.6%)]. Conclusion: The attitude of the respondents for prostate cancer screening isgood despite the challenges with recommendation against community screening by international health management system. The main factors identified by respondents as militating against screening should be given proper attention in order to reduce the scourge of this highly prevalent pathology among Nigerians.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Genetic Variants Associated with Avascular Necrosis in Sickle Cell Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a debilitating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). The incidence of AVN in individuals with SCD is markedly higher than in the general population, affecting even young children and up to 30% of those over the age of 45. While candidate gene studies have explored genetic associations with AVN in SCD, no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted. Methods: We performed a GWAS on 405 patients with diagnosis of SCD using data from the screening phase Walk-PHaSST study (NCT00492531). Patients were 12 years or older, median age of 35 years, 53% female, 73% had hemoglobin (Hb) SS, 18% had Hb SC, 4.0% had Hb Sβ + thalassemia, and 4.9% had other SCD forms. All samples had a genotype call rate greater than 95%. SNPs deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P &lt; 0.00001) or with a minor allele frequency less than 0.05 were excluded. Following quality control, 9,874,538 SNPs remained for analysis. genomic inflation factor lambda was 1.023, indicating adequate control for population stratification. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis (PLINK version 1.9) to investigate the association between SNPs and the presence of AVN of the hip and/or shoulder, adjusting for age, sex, SCD type, alpha-thalassemia, hemoglobin level, hydroxyurea use, and the first 10 principal components. Results: There were 88 (21.7%) individuals with AVN of the hip and/or shoulder. Two SNPs on chromosome 1 reached genome-wide significance: rs74436238 (OR=7.43, 95% CI: 3.75-14.70, p=8.11×10^-9) and rs112449951 (OR=6.67, 95% CI: 3.44-12.93, p=1.87×10^-8). These SNPs are in high linkage disequilibrium and located within a long non-coding RNA gene (ENSG00000232537) and an enhancer region (GH01J209266), respectively. The enhancer region is suggested to regulate CAMK1G expression, a gene involved in bone metabolism. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first GWAS of AVN to identify a locus that exceeds genome-wide significance threshold. Analyzing a small but well phenotyped cohort of individuals with SCD, we identified a novel locus for AVN on chromosome 1, potentially involving regulatory elements affecting bone metabolism. Further studies in larger cohorts and functional validation are needed to confirm these findings and explore their clinical implications.
Time-resolved electric-field-induced second harmonic

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One limitation of using electric field induced second harmonic (EFISH) to determine the molecular first hyperpolarizability (beta) of nonlinear optical molecules lies in the fact that part of the second harmonic signal comes from the second hyperpolarizability (gamma) produced by mixing two optical fields with the DC field. In analyzing EFISH results, the second hyperpolarizability contribution of the studied molecules is generally neglected. We present a modified time resolved EFISH technique that allows us, in a single experiment, to determine separately the beta and the gamma contributions. We study para-nitro aniline dissolved in Glycerol, a highly viscous solvent, and apply the DC field via a high voltage pulse with a fast rise time of approximately 40 nsec. As a result, the orientation of the molecules under the applied electric field is slow relative to the build-up of the field, enabling us to directly measure only the DC induced second harmonic (gamma contribution), at the beginning of the HV pulse. The pure beta contribution is determined from the difference between this signal and the conventional EFISH signal at the plateau of the HV pulse. Our result confirm that the gamma contribution is indeed less than 10% of the total.
Frawley, Maria H.: Invalidism and identity in nineteenth-century Britain. Chicago, London, The University of Chicago Press, cop. 2004. VIII, 292 p. Ill. $ 39.–; £ 27.50. ISBN 0-226-26120-4.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

tant femmes et enfants, elles ont dû s'affirmer par leur excellence et leur ténacité.Cautionnant largement les conceptions masculines, elles se sont attachées notamment à présenter le corps féminin dans sa normalité, comme par exemple la menstruation qui fait partie de la santé sexuelle.Particulièrement intéressante dans la perspective des rapports sociaux de sexe est l'étude de Catherine Fussinger qui porte sur les premiers services médico-pédagogiques en Suisse romande; s'appuyant sur une analyse minutieuse des rôles des différents acteurs, elle montre comment certains hommes ont accaparé ou ont été gratifiés de la renommée des services médico-pédagogiques (par leur titre et leur fonction) au détriment de ceux et celles qui avaient réellement la formation et l'expérience et qui avaient assumé la réalisation des services et l'essentiel de la pratique.Elle observe aussi comment s'opère un biais dans les sources en fonction de la hiérarchie homme/femme, directeur/collaborateur, psychiatre/ psychologue.D'autres rôles féminins sont mis en évidence, celui de la prostituée qui inspira Freud et son disciple, F. Wittels, sur le thème de la femme-enfant (Françoise Couchard) ou celui des miraculées de Lourdes (Ruth Harris), dont les expériences de guérison, inacceptables dans le contexte d'un positivisme doctrinaire, ont pu participer à l'émergence de l'idée d'inconscient.
Special bakery products - Acrylamide formation and bread quality are influenced by potato addition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Title: Special bakery products – Acrylamide formation and bread quality are influenced by potato addition Description: This dataset accompanies the study on how the addition of potato flakes and varying moisture levels affect acrylamide formation and the quality of bakery products. The data include measurements of reducing sugars and asparagine in dough, acrylamide levels in crust and crumb, and comprehensive bread quality parameters (e.g., volume, yield, moisture, color, texture, and pore structure). The dataset supports statistical correlations between formulation variables and acrylamide content, highlighting key interactions between ingredients and processing conditions. Related publication: Journal of Cereal Science (2024), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2024.103926
The expression of αVβ3 integrin in lesional skin of psoriasis and effect of psoralen ultraviolet A therapy on it

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To study the expression of αVβ3 integrin in lesional skin of psoriasis and effect of psoralen ultraviolet A therapy(PUVA)on it.Methods:αVβ3 integrin expression was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results:The expression of αVβ3 integrin in lesional skin of psoriasis was higher than that in normal controls.The expression of αVβ3 integrin in lesional skin of psoriasis was significantly decreased after PUVA.Conclusion:It is indicated that the mechanism of PUVA in psoriasis may involve anti-angiogenesis.
Quantinar: a blockchain peer-to-peer ecosystem for modern data analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The power of data and correct statistical analysis has never been more prevalent. Academics and practitioners require nowadays an accurate application of quantitative methods. Yet many branches are subject to a crisis of integrity, which is shown in an improper use of statistical models, p -hacking, HARKing, or failure to replicate results. We propose the use of a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) ecosystem based on a blockchain network, Quantinar , to support quantitative analytics knowledge paired with code in the form of Quantlets or software snippets. The integration of blockchain technology allows Quantinar to ensure fully transparent and reproducible scientific research.
Definition and spatial annotation of the dynamic secretome during early kidney development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The term “secretome” has been defined as a set of secreted proteins (Grimmond et al. [2003] Genome Res 13:1350–1359). The term “secreted protein” encompasses all proteins exported from the cell including growth factors, extracellular proteinases, morphogens, and extracellular matrix molecules. Defining the genes encoding secreted proteins that change in expression during organogenesis, the dynamic secretome, is likely to point to key drivers of morphogenesis. Such secreted proteins are involved in the reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) that occur during organogenesis of the metanephros. Some key metanephric secreted proteins have been identified, but many remain to be determined. In this study, microarray expression profiling of E10.5, E11.5, and E13.5 kidney and consensus bioinformatic analysis were used to define a dynamic secretome of early metanephric development. In situ hybridisation was used to confirm microarray results and clarify spatial expression patterns for these genes. Forty‐one secreted factors were dynamically expressed between the E10.5 and E13.5 timeframe profiled, and 25 of these factors had not previously been implicated in kidney development. A text‐based anatomical ontology was used to spatially annotate the expression pattern of these genes in cultured metanephric explants. Developmental Dynamics 235:1709–1719, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arab League

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The agenda of the Arab League Council meeting in Cairo during the last three weeks of February i960 reportedly centered around consideration of â€œthe whole Palestine case in all its aspects,â€ comprising such problems as organization of the Palestinian people, formation of a Palestine defense army, use of the waters of the Jordan River for irrigation purposes, representation of the Palestine people by a legitimate body to speak in their name, and proposals for reactivization of the UN Arab-Israeli conciliation commission.â€™ The agenda also included discussion of the Algerian question, with representatives of the self-proclaimed Algerian provisional government expected to ask the League to support proposals put forward by the recent All African Peoples' Conference in Tunis for the organization of a force of Arab-African volunteers to help the Algerian nationalists. The first debate of the meeting was said to have occurred over the absence of two League members, Iraq and Tunisia, the leaders of which were at odds with President Nasser of the United Arab Republic. Cablegrams stressing the importance of their participation in the Cairo discussions were dispatched to the two countries at the suggestion of the foreign minister of Jordan.
Tristetraprolin inhibits mitochondrial function through suppression of α-Synuclein expression in cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial dynamics play critical roles in maintaining mitochondrial functions. Here, we report a novel mechanism for regulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated by tristetraprolin (TTP), an AU-rich element (ARE)-binding protein. Overexpression of TTP resulted in elongated mitochondria, down-regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reduced membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and increased apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. TTP overexpression inhibited the expression of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). TTP bound to the ARE within the mRNA 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of α-Syn and enhanced the decay of α-Syn mRNA. Overexpression of α-Syn without the 3'-UTR restored TTP-induced defects in mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, membrane potential, and apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TTP acts as a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics through enhancing degradation of α-Syn mRNA in cancer cells. This finding will increase understanding of the molecular basis of mitochondrial dynamics.
High directivity, lens-less THz photoconductive switch dipole antennas

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present several linearly polarized terahertz (THz) photoconductive switch antennas that have been designed for a compressive sensing-based THz imaging system which is currently being brought online. A bow-tie based antenna, including a finite ground plane (on the side of the substrate opposite the bow-tie) and its DC bias lines, is the reference design. By incorporating a metamaterial-inspired artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure, the directivity is increased by almost 3 dB at 1.05 THz. The simulation results show that the radiation efficiency of this bow-tie AMC-augmented antenna is above 85% at 1.05 THz. A single capacitively-loaded dipole antenna is then introduced; it has a 12.8 dB directivity, a 11.6 dB realized gain, and a 82% radiation efficiency. By connecting two single capacitively-loaded dipole antennas to form a linear array, higher directivity (14.8 dB), lower sidelobe level (-18 dB) and larger front-to-back-ratio (14 dB) values are achieved. Additional designs will be given in the presentation, including the incorporation of a meta-film structure to decrease the sidelobe levels and increase the front-to-back ratio.
Is there a Case for Criminalising Vertical Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from Mother to Child?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vertical transmission of HIV is transmission of the virus from an HIV infected woman to her foetus during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. Recklessly transmitting HIV to another person via sexual contact is now considered to be a criminal offence in many jurisdictions and the wording of such criminal sanctions is such that it may well be possible to extend such prosecutions to vertical transmission of HIV. While there have been no attempts, thus far, to extend these criminal sanctions in this way, there have and continue to be attempts to compel pregnant women to act to protect their future children from harm and thus criminalisation of vertical transmission of HIV may well be considered. This article asks the question: 'Is it appropriate to allow the criminalisation of reckless vertical transmission of HIV?' I argue that any projected benefits of criminalisation of vertical transmission are at best tentative and the undesirable consequences of such a move are clear and may be disastrous for the rights of women.