jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improved rapid molecular diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using a new reverse hybridization assay, REBA MTB-MDR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rapid diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is essential for the prompt initiation of effective second-line therapy to improve treatment outcome and limit transmission of this obstinate disease. A variety of molecular methods that enable the rapid detection of mutations implicated in MDR-TB have been developed. The sensitivity of the methods is dependent, in principle, on the repertoire of mutations being detected, which is typically limited to mutations in the genes rpoB, katG and the promoter region of inhA. In this study, a new reverse hybridization assay, REBA MTB-MDR (M&D), that probes mutations in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, in addition to those in rpoB, katG and the inhA promoter region, was evaluated. A set of 240 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from patients receiving retreatment regimens was subjected to conventional phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing (DST) and the REBA MTB-MDR assay. The nucleotide sequences of the loci known to be involved in drug resistance were determined for comparison. In brief, the results showed that the REBA MTB-MDR assay efficiently recognized nucleotide changes in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region as well as those in rpoB, katG and the inhA promoter region with higher sensitivity, resulting in an 81.0 % detection rate for isoniazid resistance. Inclusion of the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region in the REBA MTB-MDR assay improved the overall sensitivity of molecular DST for MDR-TB from 73.1 to 79.9 %.
Metabolism of Progesterone in Rabbit Small Intestine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Progesteroneを経口投与した場合, その生物学的効果を現わすためには経皮投与に比較して非常に大量のprogesteroneを必要とするが, それは腸管から吸収されたprogesteroneが肝にはこばれ, ここで代謝されて不活性化されるためであると考えられている.そしてわれわれもその肝における不活性化の機構としてΔ4-doublebondの還元, また20-ketoneの還元にひきつづいておこるglucuronide形成が重要であることを報告した.しかし, 腸管内に投与されたprogesteroneがはたしてそのままの形で腸管から吸収されて肝にはこばれるかどうかについては明らかでなかつた.今回はこの点を検討し, 興味ある成績を得たので報告する.
The regulatory role of ELK-1 ubiquitination in cell proliferation and prostate cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Early stage Prostate Cancer (PC) is usually androgen-dependent and androgen ablation therapies have been used with good results in the destruction of androgen-dependent cells. However, anti-androgens are associated with systemic side effects and selection for tumour cells that survive in the absence of androgens, leading to androgen-independent PC.

ELK-1 is a member of the ETS-domain transcription factor family. In response to mitogens, ERKs phosphorylate and activate ELK-1 to stimulate the expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) such as CFOS and EGR1, thereby promoting cell cycle entry and proliferation. In PC cells, ELK-1 expression is frequently up-regulated and androgen receptor (AR) was found to function as a constitutive coactivator for ELK-1, up-regulating a major subset of its target genes involved in cell proliferation and migration. Removal or inactivation of ELK-1 could therefore serve to suppress PC tumour growth.

Mono-ubiquitination modulates ELK-1 activity. De-ubiquitination of ELK-1 by USP17, a de-ubiquitinase over-expressed in multiple tumour types, increases ELK-1 target gene expression and cell proliferation, indicating that mono-ubiquitination of ELK-1 suppresses its activity (Ducker et al., 2019).

This project aims to identify the ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for ELK-1 mono-ubiquitination and evaluate its role in PC.

Using a combination of gene knockdown experiments and ubiquitination assays, as well as an in silico gene expression analysis to identify ubiquitin E3 ligases that were significantly down-regulated in PC cells, I have tested candidates including FBXW7, FBXO25, SPOP and UBR5, for their ability to modify ELK-1 and suppress its activity. Moreover, using the BioID screening I was able to identify ELK-1 partners under starved and mitogen-stimulated conditions.

My findings suggest that an ubiquitin E3 ligase previously reported to target ELK-1 is unlikely to promote ELK-1 ubiquitination and transactivation. Furthermore, the BioID analysis found some potential E3 ligase candidates that need to be evaluated to elucidate their role in promoting ELK-1 ubiquitination. Additionally, the BioID analysis concluded that ELK-1 interacts with transcriptional regulators to modulate ELK-1 target genes expression.
High Spectral Brightness, Broad Area Quantum Cascade Lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum cascade lasers are unipolar semiconductor lasers that offer a unique combination of compact size, high efficiency, high optical power, and flexibility to achieve a targeted emission wavelength with the same laser core material composition, employing so-called bandgap engineering. Since their invention in 1994, watt-level CW power with 5 to 20 % wallplug efficiency was demonstrated for QCLs throughout the entire 4 to 12 µm range, which makes QCLs very attractive for a number of practical applications. Our earlier work on broad-area QCLs emitting in the 4.6 µm to 5.7 µm spectral range demonstrated that CW power scaling with lateral device dimensions is an effective approach to increasing QCL power. First experimental and numerical data for short-wavelength ( < 4.2 µm) broad-area QCLs presented here show that this approach is very promising for achieving multi-watt CW operation in this challenging spectral region as well. Using optical power scaling with added lateral and longitudinal optical mode controls to achieve high spectral brightness is the other main topic of this dissertation. Two beam control methods for broad-area QCLs and results for single-mode devices with a short top-metal distributed Bragg reflector are presented. Finally, to improve laser reliability at high CW power, substrate-emitting configuration with a high spectral brightness and reduced beam divergence is demonstrated. These results pave the way for the development of ultra-compact and reliable infrared lasers with a high spectral brightness needed for a number of critical applications, including infrared countermeasures.
Nomogram of Thai fetal maxillary bone length at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To evaluate fetal maxillary bone length during 11-13+6 weeks of gestation in Thai population.Material and Method: Thai women with singleton pregnancy between 11-13+6 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Fetal crown-rump length (CRL), and maxillary bone length (MAX) were measured. A nomogram of MAX was derived. The best fit equations between MAX and CRL, MAX and gestational age (GA) were constructed. The equations were compared with other reported.Results: A total of 186 Thai pregnant women were recruited. The mean gestational age was 12+3 weeks (SD= 6 days). Curve estimation analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between MAX and CRL and GA. A comparison of MAX using the equation derived from a Thai population and the equation derived from a Chinese population demonstrated a significant difference between the two ethnicities (p<0.001).Conclusion: The nomogram of fetal MAX in the first trimester in Thai population was constructed. The fetal MAX in a Thai population appears to be different from Chinese population.
Gnaphalium supinum Linnaeus 1768

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gnaphalium supinum Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 3: 234. 1768. "Habitat in Alpibus Helveticis, Italicis." RCN: 6191. Lectotype (Grierson in Davis in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 423. 1975): Herb. Linn. No. 989.81 (LINN). Current name: Gnaphalium supinum L. (Asteraceae).
Bone mineral density (BMD) testing : who needs it? who wants it?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper takes a critical approach to health technology assessment. Such an approach makes central the social, economic and political contexts in which health technologies are embedded. The task of this paper is to make explicit the hidden assumptions about aging women's bodies that drive the use of BMD testing. Primarily, it challenges the medical model of the aging female body as a diseased body, and questions the use of marketing strategies which create and capitalize on women's fear of aging. Finally, the paper raises questions about the ethical implications of proliferating technologies for economic and political motives at the expense of women's own needs and interests.
The Canaanites and their land: the tradition of the Canaanites

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is an interesting consequence of the new reconstructions of the early history of Israel that the Israelites must originally have been Canaanites. Nevertheless, an outspoken hatred against Canaanites permeates the Old Testament. Lemche presents a new way of explaining the anti-Canaanite sentiments of the Old Testament historians, while at the same time disclosing some of the aims and ideas which governed Old Testament history writing.
Decoupling data dissemination from the mobile sink's trajectory in wireless sensor networks: Current Research and Open Issues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this report, firstly, we presents state of the art survey on Data Management and Data Dissemination techniques with Mobile Sink. Moreover we classify these techniques into two ample sub-categories. Under this classification, we identify, review, compare, and highlight these techniques and their pros and cons. We do a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of each scheme. We also discuss where each scheme is appropriate. Secondly, we presents a new distributed data management scheme which is based upon Random Walk Based Membership Service to facilitate Data Dissemination in Mobile Sink based Wireless Sensor Networks. Our proposed scheme efficiently deals with the aforementioned problems and we also compare the characteristics of our proposed scheme with the state-of-the-art data-dissemination schemes. We propose using Random Walks (RWs) with uniformly distributed views to disseminate data through the WSN with a controlled overhead. This is performed by the use of a Random Walk Based Membership Service - the RaWMS. Our proposal solves then the problems generated when (a) all nodes are storage motes, being no aggregation performed (b) one center node plays the role of storage mote and aggregates data from all the other nodes (c) replication is performed on all nodes in the network. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose an efficient data dissemination approach (in terms of overhead, adaptiveness and representativeness) to allow a mobile sink to gather a representative view of the monitored region covered by n sensor nodes by only visiting any m nodes, where hopefully m << n.
Marek's Disease Virus in Commercial Turkey Flocks, Iran

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Marek's disease is a significant illness in chickens and a potential threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes immunosuppression and lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, but the turkey is an unusual host for the virus, and tumors caused by MDV in turkeys are unique. This study sampled 15 asymptomatic commercial turkey flocks (five spleens from each flock) at slaughter. Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) was identified by PCR of spleen samples of two flocks. A phylogenetic analysis of the Meq gene was also performed. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the turkey GaHV-2 had genetic similarity with GaHV-2 strains recently detected in the Iranian commercial layer and breeder turkey flocks. This is the first time MDV has been detected in turkey flocks of Iran, and therefore, further assays including experimental inoculation to demonstrate pathotype characteristics in vivo are needed.
BodyExplorerAR

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BodyExplorerAR is a system designed to enhance a learner's ability to explore anatomy, physiology and clinical interventions though naturalistic interaction with an augmented reality enhanced full-body mannequin simulator. We are developing a platform that integrates projective AR and multi-modal sensor inputs. A user can use an IR pen to open, resize and move viewports providing windows into the body that can display dynamic anatomy. The user can point to an organ and display additional information such as graphs of physiological parameters or heart sounds. Custom sensing systems provide natural interactions with common medical devices such as syringes, breathing tubes and catheters. A user can open a window displaying the beating heart in situ, display an electrocardiogram (ECG), then inject drugs and see and hear changes in heart rate. Our goal is an engaging experience that empowers a learner to create customized, media-rich explorations revealing the internal consequences of external actions.
Effective Removal of Arsenic from Copper Matte by Sodium Carbonate

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Residual arsenic in copper matte is a source of arsenic contamination in subsequent processes in the smelting section of copper pyrometallurgy. In order to solve the impact of arsenic in copper matte on the subsequent process of smelting, this study removes arsenic from copper matte by adding an arsenic removal agent to the molten copper matte. The results show that the most difficult arsenic phase in copper matte is the residual arsenic in copper-arsenic alloys, based on which sodium carbonate was selected as the arsenic removal agent. The arsenic content in the copper matte was reduced by 98% under the optimal experimental conditions of a reaction temperature of 1250 °C, 4% sodium carbonate addition, and a reaction time of 60 min. The experimental results of the reaction mechanism show that sodium carbonate plays two main roles in the process of removing the intractable residual arsenic in copper matte. One is that sodium carbonate has a low melting point, which enhances the fluidity of the reactants. The other is that it can provide oxygen to the reaction system and convert arsenic in the copper-arsenic alloy into gaseous arsenic and arsenate. This study can provide new ideas for controlling arsenic pollution in copper pyrometallurgy.
Latinxs with HIV: Depressive Cognitive Alterations as a Precursor to Cardio-Motor Deficits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HIV is a debilitating infection that often presents with health-related complications, further reducing quality of life. Of the most common comorbidities accompanying HIV is depression, which can induce cognitive alterations alongside those resulting from the virus. Latinxs are disproportionately susceptible to both afflictions and face innumerable challenges in the identification and diagnosis of depression. Consequently, HIV-infected Latinxs may experience additional cognitive symptomatology from the simultaneous prevalence of depression and HIV, potentially affecting their gait and cardiovascular profiles. This study aimed to determine the impact of depression on cardio-motor components in HIV-infected Latinxs. Records of 291 stable HIV+ participants were collected from La Perla de Gran Precio Community Center, analyzed for depression, and respectively allocated to the depression group (70) and the group without depression (221). Cardio-motor values were obtained by conducting the Ross treadmill test, a submaximal cardiovascular assessment. An ANOVA revealed similarities in cardiomotor profiles between groups, alluding to the absence of depression-induced modifications to gait and cardiovascular health. Community exercise and cardiopulmonary intervention programs are beneficial to the quality of life in this population during all stages of HIV. However, HIV-infected Latinxs with depression face acute cultural challenges, causing diagnoses and treatment oversights and deficiencies for those who are suffering. Public health efforts should aim to remove barriers facing this population to ultimately reduce the inflated prevalence of both afflictions. Future research should focus on the crucial differentiation of Latinx depressive symptoms from those identical in HIV prior to reinvestigating cardiomotor alterations.
Instructional Practices in Early Elementary School Written Expression: Teacher Beliefs, Instructional Strategies and Decision Making

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many university teacher training programs do not provide future teachers with training regarding written expression instruction (Gilbert & Graham, 2010), leading to teachers lacking foundational teaching strategies for instructing written expression. This article focuses on the practical teaching experiences of seven early elementary school teachers instructing written expression. These experiences are examined through a phenomenological approach with a constructivist framework. Each participant completed two audio recorded semi-structured interviews and one classroom observation. Four major themes emerged from the transcripts, observations and artifacts gathered. Two of the themes include subthemes. The teachers reported primarily learning to instruct written expression through personal experience and the experience of colleagues, rather than from teacher training programs. Through this research, teachers described reliance on training while already working as elementary school educators and reliance on same grade-level colleagues to improve their own skills at instructing written expression. Additionally, some participants reported not realizing the limited knowledge that they had regarding written expression until they were already teachers. Furthermore, the participants indicated reliance on cues from their own students to determine the knowledge students have more heavily than using objective, research based tools. Written expression skills are important for early elementary school students in order for them to be able to express themselves, communicate with others, and to demonstrate their knowledge in a variety of academic subjects. In addition, early writing skills are valuable to allow students to build more complex skills in the future.
Active back scattering RFID : architectural investigations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis starts with the introduction of radio frequency identification (RFID) and some of its main functions. From the classification of RFID systems, the main focus is on the characteristics of the active back scattering RFID. The active back scattering RFID systems posses some benefits of the passive RFID system, with enhanced RF coverage. The information transferred between the reader and tags should be accurate and reliable, and the factors that affect the data transfer need to be analyzed while we design and study an active back scattering RFID system.
Al-Mustabsirūn, "Those Who Are Able To See The Light": Sunnī Conversion to Twelver Shī'ism in Modern Times

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The present study's objective is to analyze the phenomenon of the mustabsirūn in Twelver Shī'ism in modern times. The term mustabsir is used among (Twelver) Shī'ites to refer to someone who has left his previous faith, converted to Shī'ism and adopted its doctrines. In this study we inquire into the meaning of the term in general, in the Qur'ān and its commentaries, and as a specific term. We examine the motivation for conversion to Shī'ism, the types and status of converts and the reasons which drive them to convert, the pressures and threats which converts face from Sunnī circles and how converts cope with these and respond to the attacks on them. The study also surveys mustabsir websites and their contents, books which such converts have written, describing their conversion experience, as well as factors which have contributed to the popularity of the conversion movement, among them the support which Iranian cultural missions provide to converts, the Lebanon War of 2006 and the burgeoning popularity of Hasan Nasr Allāh, the political protection which many converts enjoy, monetary and economic emoluments given to converts, and Shī'ite satellite TV stations and websites. The study's main conclusion is that the terms mustabsir ("he who has had his eyes opened", convert to Twelver Shī'ism) and istibsār (the verbal noun: conversion) have taken on a clear and definite meaning, denoting a real trend in recent years, although still relatively limited in scope, so that at present and in the foreseeable future Sunnī Muslims have no reason to fear this trend.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl With Intrathecal Bupivacaine For Postoperative Analgesia In Urological Procedures: A Double Blind Comparitive Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy six patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists status I and II scheduled for urological procedures were studied to evaluate the onset and duration of Sensory and motor block, postoperative analgesia and adverse effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl given intrathecally with hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine. Material And Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I received 12.5 mg 0.5% Bupivacaine + 25 μg Fentanyl. And Group II received 12.5 mg 0.5% Bupivacaine + 5 μg Dexmedetomidine (vol-3ml). The onset, time to reach peak sensory and motor level, the regression time for Sensory and motor block, postoperative analgesia and side effects were recorded. Results: The onset time to reach peak sensory level as well as onset time to reach modified Bromage 3 motor block were insignificant in both the groups. The mean time of sensory regression to S1 in Group I was 276.21 ? 52.23 mins and in Group II was 417.34 ? 38.66 mins (p<0.05)). The regression time of motor block to reach modified Bromage 0 in Group I was 168.28 ? 29.84 mins and in Group II was 267.15 ? 34.40 mins (p<0.05)). The time for rescue analgesic i.e. post-op analgesia in Group I was 320.57 ? 33.00 mins and in Group II it was found to be 423.68 ? 37.58 mins (p<0.05)). The hemodynamics, sedation scores and side effects were not significantly different in both groups except for bradycardia noted with Dexmedetomidine. Conclusion: 5 μg Dexmedetomidine provides better hemodynamic stability, minimal side effects, and excellent quality of postoperative analgesia as an adjuvant to spinal Bupivacaine in urological procedures.