jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Insufficiency Among Professional Basketball Players: A Relationship to Fracture Risk and Athletic Performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Vitamin D is believed to play a role in influencing fracture risk and athletic performance. Insufficiency of vitamin D affects an estimated three-quarters of the United States population. Hypovitaminosis D has also been demonstrated to be quite common among professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Purpose: To determine whether a relationship exists between vitamin D levels and fracture risk and athletic performance (as measured by NBA draft status) among elite basketball players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data were obtained from the NBA regarding combine participants from 2009 through 2013. This information included vitamin D level, demographic information, fracture history, and NBA draft status. The data were analyzed to determine associations between vitamin D level and fracture risk and NBA draft status. Results: Vitamin D levels were measured for 279 players at the NBA Combine from 2009 through 2013. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was seen in 32.3% of athletes, vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) was seen in 41.2%, and sufficient levels of vitamin D (>30 ng/mL) were present in only 26.5%. A total of 118 players had a history of at least 1 fracture. Vitamin D level was not predictive of fracture risk. Contrary to our hypothesis, players with a history of stress fracture had a significantly greater mean vitamin D level than those without such history (30.7 vs 25.1 ng/mL; P = .04). A majority (79.6%) of participants were selected in the NBA draft. Players with deficient vitamin D levels had a significantly lower rate of being drafted into the NBA ( P = .027). The NBA draft rate was found to increase with increasing levels of vitamin D ( P = .007). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is quite common among NBA Combine participants, affecting 73.5%. While no significant relationship was found between vitamin D level and fracture history, patients with a history of stress fracture had significantly greater mean vitamin D levels. Additionally, participants with greater vitamin D levels were more likely to be drafted into the NBA. This information supports the potential role of vitamin D in influencing athletic performance.
Housing Dynamics over the Business Cycle

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over the U.S. business cycle, fluctuations in residential investment are well known to systematically lead GDP.These dynamics are documented here to be specific to the U.S. and Canada.In other developed economies residential investment is broadly coincident with GDP.Nonresidential investment has the opposite dynamics, being coincident with or lagging GDP.These observations are in sharp contrast with the properties of nearly all business cycle models with disaggregated investment.Including mortgages and interest rate dynamics aligns the theory more closely with U.S. observations.Longer time to build in housing construction makes residential investment coincident with output.
Reprint of "Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) modulates dynamics of small pelagic fishes and ecosystem regime shifts in the eastern North

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

article i nfo Dynamics of abundance and migrations of populations of small pelagic clupeoid fish such as anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), sardine (Sardina pilchardus), sardinella (Sardinella aurita), sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the eastern North and Central Atlantic between Senegal and Norway vary in synchrony with the warm and cool phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). This is shown by compiling retrospective data on fish catches and anecdotal observations, which in some cases date back to the mid-19th century. The AMO is defined as the de-trended mean of North Atlantic (0-60°N) sea surface temperature anomalies. However, it is not primarily the temperature which drives the dynamics of the small pelagic fish populations. Instead, the AMO seems to be a proxy for complex processes in the coupled atmosphere-ocean sys- temoftheNorthAtlantic.Thisismanifestedinlarge-scalechangesinstrengthanddirectionofthecurrentsystem
Clinico-demographic Characteristics of Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver : Experienced at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the commonest hepatobiliary problems in Bangladesh as well as in global perspective. The purpose of the present study was to find out the clinico-demographic characteristics of liver cirrhosis patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients who are clinically suspected to have cirrhosis of liver, admitted in medicine units of Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka have been analyzed regarding clinical presentation and complications profile. Total 100 patients were included of which 84% were cirrhosis of liver, 7% were chronic active hepatitis, 3% were chronic persistent hepatitis, 2% were Wilson's disease with cirrhosis and 4% were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the top of cirrhosis of liver. The peak age incidence was between 31-50 years with male-female ratio of 4.88:1. History of jaundice (42%), parenteral medications (14%), infusion (6%) and abdominal surgery (4.0%) were important findings from patient's past history. History of alcohol intake was found in only 4% cases. Overall, weakness (78%), anorexia (72%), abdominal swelling (74%), weight loss (64%), ankle swelling (42%), low grade fever (35%) and yellowish discolouration of eyes, skin and urine (37%) were the most common symptoms. Common signs, revealed by clinical examination as a whole, were anaemia (55%), ascites (68%), oedema (52%), jaundice (34%), palpable spleen (55%) and hepatic facies (37%). Cirrhosis of liver most commonly occurs in middle aged male patients. Weakness, weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort/dyspepsia and swelling of the abdomen are the most prevalent symptoms.
Summary on reliability analysis of distributed power access on distribution network

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces the research status of the reliability index of active distribution network, summarizes the characteristics of analytical method and simulation method in the reliability calculation method of traditional distribution network, and the current reliability calculation method of active distribution network, and puts forward the existing problems The Distributed power access can improve the quality of power supply, but also bring some problems. It points out that the access location, access capacity, different types of access and the operation mode of the distributed power supply affect the active distribution network, and provides the foundation for the optimization of the reliability of the active distribution network, and it indicates the direction of future research.
Research of the Optimal Geometry of the Location of Antenna Systems of Single-Frequency Receivers of Aircraft Navigation Signals Under the Influence of Space Weather

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY The results of an experiment to determine the optimal geometry of the location of three single-frequency receivers for provision of the quality of reception of navigation signals and the accuracy of positioning of civil aviation aircraft are presented, taking into account the influence of irregular space weather variations, the correlation of ionospheric errors and the possibility of their determination in a simplified way in the two-dimensional field of correlated errors based on the method of distributed reception according to the principle of a phase interferometer.
Hymenoptera Formicidae of Guam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Swezey, O. H. (1942): Hymenoptera Formicidae of Guam. In: Insects of Guam I. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum: 175-183, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5160270
IMPROVEMENT OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING STAFF WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The urgency of the problem investigated in the article is due to the urgent needs in updating the system of advanced training of teachers in Ukraine. Despite the efforts and changes that have occurred in this area in the past few years, the process of renewal is complex and controversial. Accelerate positive changes can appeal to the British experience and its application in the domestic realities. The purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of the UK in the field of professional development of teaching staff for further use in domestic practice. In the process of preparing the article, historical, comparative, systemic and interdisciplinary methods, an interdisciplinary approach, as well as other scientific methods and approaches were used. The article summarizes the experience of the UK in the field of professional development of teaching staff. It has been established that this is a holistic and continuous process with the goal of constantly improving professional knowledge, skills, personal qualities, continuous improvement throughout the entire period of the teacher’s activity. Analyzed the state of affairs in raising the qualifications of teachers in Ukraine and identified shortcomings. It was stated that the existing system of professional development of teachers in Ukraine, which was based on the institutes of postgraduate pedagogical education, is gradually becoming a thing of the past and has been undergoing positive changes in recent years. However, the success in solving this system of problems is hindered by the still certain conservatism of the situation in the field of advanced training of teachers. It was concluded that further reforms in this area are needed for successful reform. To do this, the article suggests ways to improve the system of professional development of teaching staff in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of the UK
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF POTATO LEAFHOPPER (EMPOASCA FABAE) FEEDING ON BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aboveground feeding by potato leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae, (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) causes significant injury to alfalfa (Medicago sativa), including disrupting translocation of fixed carbon from leaves to roots. Basal transport of fixed carbon in alfalfa fuels a critical mutualism between roots and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Sinorhizobium meliloti). Above- and belowground nutrient allocation in alfalfa determines perennial persistence across growing seasons, as well as forage quality. Whether leafhopper feeding alters nutrient allocation and subsequently affects nitrogen fixation, however, is not clear. To test this, my objectives were 1) to examine the effect of different management strategies on PLH injury and nitrogen fixation, and 2) to quantify the amount and location of fixed nitrogen in whole alfalfa plants when fed on by leafhoppers. Overall, my work contributes to an understanding of how aboveground pest pressure can disrupt belowground processes in plants and ultimately affect the economic viability of crops for growers.
A synthesis of pseudouridine and of 5-β-D-ribofuranosyluridine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

5-Bromo-2,4-di-t-butoxypyrimidine is converted into the pyrimidin-5-yl-lithium and coupled to 2,4:3,5-di-O-benzylideneribose. Mild acid treatment of the intermediate protected 1-pyrimidin-5-ylpentitol affords 5-β-D-ribofuranosyluracil, pseudouridine, with some α-anomer and only traces of the pyranose isomers. Likewise 5-bromo-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine leads to 5-β-D-ribofuranosyluridine (1,5-diribosyluracil).
A study on the relationship between momentum strategies and firm size.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Momentum strategies have attracted a widespread following ever since they were documented by Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). This study targets the momentum effect under a more relevant context from 1983 to 2008 in the American stock markets. We proved that the momentum effect exist in our period studied and its sub-periods of bull and bear markets by replicating the methodology in Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). We observe that momentum returns are directly related to market capitalization, which is contrary to the findings of the firm size effect. There is also a significant difference in momentum returns under the effect of dividends and this reveals the possibility that there was a downward bias in the positive momentum profits originally documented by Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). In addition, the profitability of a momentum strategy is brought under question in lieu of the marginal momentum returns found under this study.
Using a Patient Hotel: Perceptions of the Quality of Care by Patients Undergoing Analysis for Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in the Netherlands

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is growing demand to improve healthcare services for patients. Patient hotel models can be applied to allow shorter inpatient stays, however, whether this improves patient satisfaction and quality of care is unknown. All consecutive patients referred for analysis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders at Maastricht UMC, the Netherlands, who stayed overnight in the patient hotel (June 2017–July 2018), were asked to complete a questionnaire on patient satisfaction and quality of care. On a 4-point Likert scale, most patients reported they were largely to absolutely satisfied with the quality of care, regarding coordination, information, courtesy of nurses and staff, and privacy. Cost savings between 48,433 and 74,613 euros for 1 year were achieved, amounting to 613–944 euros per patient. Positive patient satisfaction and perception of quality of care with the patient hotel model were achieved. We show that moving overnight stays from inpatient to an outpatient hotel provides substantial financial savings for hospitals, healthcare providers, and insurance companies.
Diagnostic Angiography of the Pelvis and Lower Extremities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

-This chapter provides a review of diagnostic angiography in the pelvis and lower extremities. Although intended primarily as a review of disease states and their angiographic manifestations, the chapter also briefly covers angiographic technique and both normal and common variant anatomy. Venous diseases are a minor topic in this chapter, but are discussed in a summary fashion. Non-angiographic studies of the lower extremity vasculature are not discussed.
Deformations and Strains in a Thick Adherend Lap Joint

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Displacement fields in a thick adherend lap joint were measured by high-sensitivity moiré interferometry. Contour maps of in-plane U and V displacements were obtained across adhesive and adherend surfaces. Loads ranged from a modest load to a near-failure load. Quantitative results are given for displacements and strains in the adhesive and along the adhesive/adherend boundary lines. The results show nearly constant shear strain in the adhesive, nonlinear strains as a function of load or average shear stress, and viscoelastic or time-dependent response. Longitudinal normal strains in the adhesive are nearly two orders of magnitude less than the shear strains. With its subwavelength displacement resolution and high spatial resolution, moiré interferometry is especially well suited for deformation studies of adhesive joints.
Potential for the Invasive Species Aedes Albopictus and Arboviral Transmission through the Chabahar Port in Iran.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The air and maritime ports of Iran serve international customers, and are therefore vulnerable to import and invasion of mosquito vectors and arboviruses. Based on comparisons with other published low-resolution models, BioTEMS provides information for medical and public health professionals conducting integrated mosquito management, preventive medicine, and epidemiological surveillance.
[Mitral valvuloplasty using the Inoue balloon].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) is an accepted alternative treatment to open and closed mitral commissurotomy or mitral valvular replacement. The Inoue technique has become standard in most centers. In our first 24 percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasties by the Inoue technique, 23 procedures were technically successful. The mean age of the patients was 53 (24-75) years. There were 22 women. Four patients had a history of closed mitral commissurotomy, one of previous mitral balloon valvuloplasty, and one of aortic metallic valve replacement. The mean echocardiographic mitral Wilkins score was 7.3 (range 4-13). PMBV resulted in significant improvement of hemodynamic values. The mean mitral pressure gradient fell from 12 +/- 5 to 5 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0001) and the cardiac index increased from 2.7 +/- 0.7 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 l/min/m2. The valve area by the Gorlin formula increased from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.6 cm2 (p = 0.0001). Doppler and planimetric echocardiography data were in keeping with hemodynamic data. Mitral valve regurgitation increased by more than 1 grade in 3 patients, 2 of whom subsequently underwent valve replacement. No tamponade occurred with the Inoue technique. There was 1 fatal outcome following tamponade and emergency heart surgery after mitral valvuloplasty with a Trefoil balloon employed in a subsequent intervention due to impossibility of placing the Inoue balloon. Left-to-right shunting at the atrial level after the intervention was not significant in any patient. 21 patients (88%) had improvement in their functional class. One of the patients with unchanged functional class had late onset of severe mitral regurgitation, another had a technical failure with the Inoue technique, and in 1 patient with calcified valve leaflets significant mitral stenosis persisted. At 3 to 15 months follow-up echocardiography was performed in 19 patients: mitral valve areas had not changed significantly compared to post-interventional values. One patient had a new mitral regurgitation compared with the situation immediately after PMBV. Mitral balloon valvuloplasty by the Inoue technique is an effective treatment with low risk in patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S3 from Real-Time Intravital Imaging Establishes Tumor-Associated Macrophages as the Extraskeletal Target of Bisphosphonate Action in Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S1. Fluorescently-labelled bisphosphonate is present in the macrophage-rich region of 4T1 mammary tumours in vivo. Supplementary Figure S2. N-BP colocalises with microcalcifications, detected by calcein labelling in 4T1 mammary tumours. Supplementary Figure S3. TAMs do not take up N-BP as efficiently in the B16.F10 melanoma model compared to the 4T1 mammary tumour model.</p>
Efficient and Photostable Organic Solar Cells Achieved by Alloyed Dimer Acceptors with Tailored Linker Structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability are prerequisites for commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, two dimer acceptors (DYTVT and DYTCVT) are developed with different properties through linker engineering, and study their effects as alloy‐like acceptors on the photovoltaic performance and photostability of OSCs. These ternary OSCs effectively combine the advantages of both dimer acceptors. DYTVT, characterized by its high backbone planarity, ensures elevated electron mobility and high glass‐transition temperature ( T g ), leading to efficient charge transport and enhanced photostability of OSCs. Conversely, DYTCVT, with its significant dipole moment and electrostatic potential, enhances compatibility of the alloy acceptors with donors and refines the blend morphology, facilitating efficient charge generation in OSCs. Consequently, D18:DYTVT:DYTCVT OSCs exhibit higher PCE (18.4%) compared to D18:MYT (monomer acceptor, PCE = 16.5%), D18:DYTVT (PCE = 17.4%), and D18:DYTCVT (PCE = 17.0%) OSCs. Furthermore, owing to higher T g of alloy acceptors (133 °C) than MYT ( T g = 80 °C) and DYTCVT ( T g = 120 °C), D18:DYTVT:DYTCVT OSCs have significantly higher photostability ( t 80% lifetime = 4250 h under 1‐sun illumination) compared to D18:MYT ( t 80% lifetime = 40 h) and D18:DYTCVT OSCs ( t 80% lifetime = 2910 h).
Feasibility and implications of the Northern sea route choice: the role of commodity prices, in-transit inventory, and alternative operational modes for the oil product tanker market

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is assessed against the established Suez Canal route (SCR) and the longer Cape of Good Hope route. The analysis reflects real practices of route choice for oil products between the Far East and Europe depending on varying market conditions. A required freight rate (RFR) model is developed based on both optimal speeds and real speeds. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data are used to identify route choice patterns and real speeds of Long Range 2 (LR2) tankers during 2013–2020. Cargo value on-board and alternative fuel types/modes based on oil, and current and future technologies of dual fuel Oil/Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) are considered. Cape is a competitive alternative under low fuel/commodity prices, and its use is explained, especially during the oil oversupply in 2015–2016 and 2020. The NSR is more competitive when moving towards short-hauls, under high fuel/commodity prices, and discounted or zero icebreaking fees, but is uncompetitive most of the times when ice damage repairs are included in the model.
6. Captioned Silences and Ambient Sounds

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Silence isn't included in our discussions or definitions of closed captioning but it sometimes needs to be closed captioned. Captioners not only inscribe sounds in writing but must also account for our assumptions about the nature, production, and reception of sounds. This chapter provides an ontology of captioned silences by discussing three types: The illusion of audible speech (mouthed words), the termination of sustained sounds, and the insertion of phantom words. The second half of this chapter discusses the challenges of captioning ambient sounds and music, which are too often reduced to discrete captions and lyrics only. This chapter aims to redraw two main boundaries around captioning. First, the boundary that defines captioning in terms of objectively verifiable sounds. Every definition of closed captioning tends towards positivism by treating captioning as an exercise in translating audio content. But not everything that needs to be captioned can be empirically verified outside of specific visual and narrative contexts. Second, the boundary that equates non-speech information (NSI) with speaker identification and screen placement. A broader view of NSI accounts for how sound functions rhetorically (in specific contexts and for specific purposes) and ideologically (according to the rules and assumptions of how sound works in film).