jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Power of Babel: Language and governance In the African experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Power of Babel: Language and governance In the African experience Get access The Power of Babel: Language and governance In the African experience, by Ali A. Mazrui and Alamin M. Maznii. Oxford: James Currey, 1998. xii+228 pp. £40 hardback; £12.95 paperback. ISBN 0-85255-808-2 and 0-85255-807-4. RICHARD FARDON RICHARD FARDON School of Onental and African Studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 98, Issue 391, April 1999, Pages 267–268, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008021 Published: 01 April 1999
The Regulation of Gambling Under U.S. Federal and State Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Book looks at the Law and the Policy on Betting and Sport in many countries around the world—sport is a global phenomenon—providing a very useful and valuable comparative survey on a subject that is so vital to safeguarding and preserving the integrity of those sports in which betting is legally allowed. The country reports show how sports-related betting is organized in the country concerned, also from a historical and policy perspective (national Lotteries Act; state run/state licensed lotteries and/or private operators; how the licensing system for public operators works; state supervisory mechanisms, etc.), and contain a treatment of the national case-law.
Why is Deliberation Necessary for Choice?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the ethical texts, Aristotle claims that all instances of choice ( prohairesis ) must be preceded by deliberation, but it is not clear why he believes this. This paper offers an explanation of that commitment, drawing heavily from the De Anima and showing that the account emerging from there complements that of the ethical texts. The view is that the deliberative faculty has the capacity to manipulate reasons combinatorially, while the perceptual/desiderative faculty does not, and choice requires the combinatorial manipulation of reasons.
Minimizing Arsenic in Fruits and Vegetables in Cambodia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Arsenic is naturally found in soil and minerals; and it may enter the air, water, and land through wind-blown dust and water run-off.3 It has been used both in human and animal medication, care products, glass-making, leather tanning, and electronics manufacturing.4 For centuries, manufacturing companies have also used arsenic compounds as ingredient of rodent poisons, insecticides, biocides, and weed killers.
Long‐term arid and hot climate during earlyMid‐Cretaceousindicate by unvaried Cheirolepidiaceae‐dominant palynoflora from the Liupanshan Basin, China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Mid‐Cretaceous was characterized by long‐term and stabilized high temperatures confirmed by numerous palaeoclimatic information from marine sedimentary archives. However, few terrestrial records have yet been employed to verify the terrestrial humidity under this long‐term hot climate. The Liupanshan Basin, located in central China during the Cretaceous contains thick Aptian‐Albian sediments. Here, we reconstructed a long‐term palaeovegetational record during late Aptian to Albian from the Huoshizhai Section and Sikouzi Section, Liupanshan Basin. Five palynological assemblages were defined from the bottom to top of these strata, and a total of 124 types of palynomorphs including 47 spore species and 77 gymnosperm pollen species were recognized in the palynological assemblages. Sporopollen analysis revealed that the spore‐pollen spectra of Huoshizhai Section were dominated by Perinopollenites and Bisaccate pollen. In Sikouzi section, the Classopollis content dominate in all samples (average 63.8%), with a few other pollen, including conifer bisaccates types, Perinopollenites , Jiaohepollis , Ephedripites , Cycadopites and a few spores. The sporopollen assemblage reflected that the flora of the central Asia continent gradually changed from Taxodiacean‐dominated to Cheirolepidiaceae‐dominated in the late Aptian and the Albian, which further indicates that the central Asia continent palaeoclimate gradually changed from a wet and cold climate to a long‐term dry and hot climate with small fluctuation. In addition, the Classopollis content also presented a slightly increased trend from late Aptian to late Albian, which probably indicated a gradually intensified hot and dry climate. The thermophilic floral changes and warmer/cooler ratio of the Sporomorph Ecogroup Model at the middle Madonghshan Formation also shows slightly decreased trends which correspond to the global short‐term cooling events at the Aptian‐Albian transition.
Key Techniques of a Hierarchical Simulation Runtime Infrastructure—StarLink

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A distributed RTI cannot be well adapted to large-scale simulations in a wide area network, especially on maintaining the consistency of the whole federation state. However a hierarchical RTI (runtime infrastructure) is very useful to reduce the computational cost of the large-scale simulations. This paper explains why the hierarchical simulation runtime infrastructure StarLink can be applied to the wide area network, and discusses three implementation techniques of StarLink, including CORBA based networking technique, multiple-threaded data transferring technique and XML based data exchanging technique. In addition, test methods for StarLink are discussed, and a new idea is put forward to test RTI抯 interface services using a common framework test program. StarLink can effectively provide a powerful technology support for the large-scale simulations.
The course and outcome of bulimia nervosa.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although knowledge of the long-term course and outcome of bulimia nervosa is critical to the effective management of the bulimic patient, research in this area is still in its infancy. Comparisons between existing outcome studies are complicated by differences in research design and methods, a lingering confusion over the definition of terms such as recovery and relapse, and the possibility of multiple forms of bulimia nervosa with varying outcomes. Nonetheless, these studies agree that bulimia nervosa is a chronic disorder, characterized by high rates of relapse and persistent subclinical symptomatology. Future investigations into the course and outcome of bulimia nervosa should focus on the derivation of a universally acceptable terminology and the identification of clinical and psychosocial variables predicting recovery.
Artificial Urinary Sphincter Reimplantation Following Cuff Erosion: Use Of The Vaginal Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1992Artificial Urinary Sphincter Reimplantation Following Cuff Erosion: Use Of The Vaginal Approach Anthony R. Stone, and Sidney B. Radomski Anthony R. StoneAnthony R. Stone More articles by this author , and Sidney B. RadomskiSidney B. Radomski More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37359-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail We describe the successful reimplantation of an artificial urinary sphincter via the vaginal route 6 months after cuff erosion. © 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 147Issue 3 Part 1March 1992Page: 704-705 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordsbladder, neurogenicreplantationurinary catheterizationurinary incontinenceMetricsAuthor Information Anthony R. Stone More articles by this author Sidney B. Radomski More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Measurements of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide at McMurdo Station, Antarctica: Further evidence of winter stratospheric subsidence?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We have made measurements of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the springtime Antarctic stratosphere using ground‐based millimeter wave spectroscopy. We find a steeper decrease in volume mixing ratio with altitude than that found at tropical latitudes, from an assumed value of ∼160 pptv in the troposphere to a value of 65±30 pptv at 40 km, which may be further evidence of substantial vertical subsidence of the Antarctic winter stratosphere.
The Multi Stage U-net Design for Brain Tumor Segmentation using Deep Learning Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Now a day’s diagnosis and accurate segmentation of brain tumors are critical conditions for successful treatment. The manual segmentation takes time consuming process, more cost and inaccurate. In this paper implementation of cascaded U-net segmentation Architecture are divided into substructures of brain tumor segmentation. The neural network is competent of end to end multi modal brain tumor segmentations.The Brain tumor segments are divided three categories. The tumor core (TC),the enhancing tumor(ET),the whole tumor (WT).The distinct data enhancement steps are better achievement. The proposed method can test result conclude average counter scores of 0.83268, 0.88797 and 0.83698, as well as Hausdorff distances 95%) of 2.65056, 4.61809 and 4.13071, for the enhancing tumor(ET), whole tumor (WT) and tumor core (TC) respectively. In this method validating with BraTS 2019 dataset and identify the test time enhancement improves the Brain tumor segmentation accurate images.
Theoretical Studies of Group IVA and Group IVB Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Several new developments in the effective fragment potential (EFP) and the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) methods have been accomplished. A new EFP charge transfer (CT) interaction energy was derived and implemented in GAMESS. The new CT approach, based on quasi-atomic molecular bond orbitals, cuts the time required for this term by a factor of two, with little loss in accuracy. The analytic gradient was derived and implemented as well, so one can optimize geometries and determine reaction paths. The R(-7) dispersion terms was also derived and coded. While most workers ignore the odd power dispersion terms, these terms can be very important in anisotropic situations, such as highly viscous liquids and on solid surfaces. We have also developed an integrated FMO-EFP method called the effective fragment molecular orbital (EFMO) method. We have shown that the EFMO method is both faster and more accurate than FMO. Fully analytic EFMO energy gradients have been partly completed. In collaboration with the Rappe group, we used the EFP and second order perturbation theory (MP2) to help explain the experimental results of the Fayer group on phenol migration dynamics. An exhaustive computational study of hydrazine decomposition was performed using both MP2 and coupled cluster methods. This study, which was prompted by the use of hydrazine as a high energy fuel, completely mapped out the competing hydrazine decomposition pathways. This work was a true tour de force. An invited review on fragmentation methods is in press in the very prestigious journal Accounts of Chemical Research. Also in press is a report on the solvated electron. This is a very important work, because it demonstrates that local orbital methods can be very effective in studying the solvated electron problem.
Proficient metabolism of irinotecan by a human intestinal carboxylesterase.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Irinotecan [7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11)] is metabolized by esterases to yield the potent topoisomerase I poison 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin. One of the major side effects observed with CPT-11 is gastrointestinal toxicity, and we supposed that this might be due to local activation of CPT-11 within the gut. Carboxylesterase (CE) activity was detected in human gut biopsies, and extracts of these tissues converted CPT-11 to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin in vitro. Expression of a human intestinal CE cDNA in COS-7 cells produced extracts that demonstrated proficient CPT-11 activation and conferred sensitivity of cells to CPT-11. These results suggest that gut toxicity from CPT-11 may be due in part to direct drug conversion by CEs present within the small intestine.
[Drinking as a cultural pattern of the Chaco aborigins].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drinking customs of aborigin groups (mataco-mataguaysos, guaycurúes, and chiriguano-chanés from Chaco) are studied, within the general framework of Phenomenology and phenomenological method. Drinking is considered as a "cultural behaviour"; the research aims at the essence, and therefore the meaning, through the eidos, of this cultural behaviour, and the "being" or Dasein, of the culture to which it pertains. The Lebenswelt of aborigins from Chaco includes three different ways of significance for the symbology of drinking: a) sacral drinking; implying mythical transmutation; b) apocalyptical drinking, implying religious "revelation", and c) annihilating drinking, implying self-destruction. A detailed description is made of the three patterns of drinking in several groups within the tribes studied, and of their symbolic contents and ritualistic operation. At the same time, theoretical approaches of several authors are discussed in relation to the subject, together with analysis of different fields from which the phenomena are studied, including Social Anthropology, Transcultural Psychiatry and Cultural Anthropology, and stressing the difference with current epidemiological approaches that use only epiphenomenological aspects, useful merely for practical assistance purposes, but not for a deep understanding of phenomena.
Peripheral Bolus-Chase MR Angiography: Analysis of Risk Factors for Nondiagnostic Image Quality of the Calf Vessels—A Combined Retrospective and Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on the retrospective statistical analysis of PAOD stages and risk factors, selected patients can be triaged to undergo a specific hybrid MRA technique and thus circumvent the occurrence of nondiagnostic images and the need for repeated MRA examinations.
The Challenges of Implementing Evidence Based Practice: Ethical Considerations in Practice, Education, Policy, and Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past century, the field of social work has evolved from grass-roots community-based movements to an intricate network of formally trained professionals promoting social research, education and practice (Klein and Bloom 1994). While social work professionals vary widely in their roles, skills, and attitudes toward the nature and future of the profession, they are united through the shared embrace of underlying ethical principles-beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice (Freeman 2006; NASW 2008)-that guide their interactions with clients. Social workers hold in highest regard the intention to provide ethical and competent services to their clients. Nevertheless, the questions remain: How do social workers know the services they offer are ethical and competent? How do they know that they are providing the best available treatment or intervention, or that services are offered in a way that benefits clients? Is evidence-based practice (EBP) the answer to these questions?
Expression of stromelysin-l gene in tissue of gastric carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate expression of stromelysin-1 ( MMP3) gene in tissues of gastric carcinoma. Methods 43 patients with stomach carcinoma were selected in this study. Cancerous tissue and normal gastric mucosa tissue were obtained under gastroscopy. Total RNA was isolated and expression of MMP3 gene was measured by reverse transription polymerase chain reac-tion( RT-PCR). Results Expression of MMP3 gene was stronger in gastric cancerous tissue(2. 02 ?
DEVIC'S DISEASE (OPHTHALMONEUROMYELITIS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ophthalmoneuromyelitis, or Devic's disease, was first described by Devic1as an entity in 1894. It is characterized by a disease process that is relatively afebrile and strictly limited to the spinal cord and optic nerves. Because of the distribution of the lesions, the reports of this syndrome have found their way into both the neurologic and the ophthalmologic literature, primarily the latter. In the more recent literature there has been a tendency to interpret the syndrome loosely, and cases of almost any type of involvement of the central nervous system associated with a disturbance of the optic nerves have been reported as instances of Devic's disease. Because of this loose interpretation, the clinical syndrome has gradually lost many of its original characteristics. An actual discussion would, therefore, require first a most careful sifting of the literature in an attempt to eliminate the less accurately defined and the less definite
Novel Caprine Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Capsid (AAV-Go.1) Is Closely Related to the Primate AAV-5 and Has Unique Tropism and Neutralization Properties

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Preexisting humoral immunity to adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors may limit their clinical utility in gene delivery. We describe a novel caprine AAV (AAV-Go.1) capsid with unique biological properties. AAV-Go.1 capsid was cloned from goat-derived adenovirus preparations. Surprisingly, AAV-Go.1 capsid was 94% identical to the human AAV-5, with differences predicted to be largely on the surface and on or under the spike-like protrusions. In an in vitro neutralization assay using human immunoglobulin G (IgG) (intravenous immune globulin [IVIG]), AAV-Go.1 had higher resistance than AAV-5 (100-fold) and resistance similar to that of AAV-4 or AAV-8. In an in vivo model, SCID mice were pretreated with IVIG to generate normal human IgG plasma levels prior to the administration of AAV human factor IX vectors. Protein expression after intramuscular administration of AAV-Go.1 was unaffected in IVIG-pretreated mice, while it was reduced 5- and 10-fold after administration of AAV-1 and AAV-8, respectively. In contrast, protein expression after intravenous administration of AAV-Go.1 was reduced 7.1-fold, similar to the 3.8-fold reduction observed after AAV-8administration in IVIG-pretreated mice, and protein expression was essentially extinguished after AAV-2 administration in mice pretreated with much less IVIG (15-fold). AAV-Go.1 vectors also demonstrated a marked tropism for lung when administered intravenously in SCID mice. The pulmonary tropism and high neutralization resistance to human preexisting antibodies suggest novel therapeutic uses for AAV-Go.1 vectors, including targeting diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Nonprimate sources of AAVs may be useful to identify additional capsids with distinct tropisms and high resistance to neutralization by human preexisting antibodies.
Erasure coded storage systems for cloud storage — challenges and opportunities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Erasure coded storage schemes offer a promising future for cloud storage. Highlights of erasure coded storage systems are that these offer the same level of fault tolerance as that of replication, at lower storage footprints. In the big data era, cloud storage systems based on data replication are of dubious usability due to 200% storage overhead in data replication systems. This has prompted storage service providers to use erasure coded storage as an alternative to replication. Refinements are required in various aspects of erasure coded storage systems to make it a real contender against data replication based storage systems. Streamlining huge bandwidth requirements during the recovery of failed nodes, inefficient update operations, effect of topology in recovery and consistency requirements of erasure coded storage systems, are some areas which need attention. This paper presents an in-depth study on the challenges faced, and research pursued in some of these areas. The survey shows that more research is required to improve erasure coded storage system from being bandwidth crunchers to efficient storage systems. Another challenge that has emerged from the study is the requirement of elaborate research for upgrading the erasure coded storage systems from being mere archival storage systems by providing better update methods. Provision of multiple level consistency in erasure coded storage is yet another research opportunity identified in this work. A brief introduction to open source libraries available for erasure coded storage is also presented in the paper.
The use of case studies to drive bottom-up leadership in community-oriented integrated care and health promotion (COIC)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

London Journal of Primary Care is supporting a collaborative network of multidisciplinary colleagues with an interest in community-oriented health care and health promotion (COIC). Case study methodology is well suited to generating knowledge from the frontline of health and social care service delivery and is a much under-developed resource. It is most effective when dealing with wicked problems, namely, the sort of complex, entangled and multi-faceted problems that successful COIC programmes must overcome. Used collaboratively, it supports effective networking across professional and community boundaries.
Impact of intervention on adequate antenatal care and associated factors among Baiga tribal women of Madhya Pradesh: a case-control study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: This study was done to report on adequate antenatal care services owing to the impact of IEC intervention among deprived Baiga tribal women. Methods: Intervention study of 367 tribal women having a reproductive age of 15 to 49 year of 24 villages from district-Dindori. Pre-tested, administered intervention tools were implemented in intervention groups (12 villages) to enhance women's knowledge for the use of ANC services (phase-I) and in phase-II impact evaluation survey of mother’s antenatal care utilization and related details were collected from mothers of both intervention and control group. Based on baseline indicators, a carry forward IEC-intervention study was taken considering the case-control design. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors. Results: Use of ANC services 82.3% was found to have increased by 10.3% from baseline (72%); it was found significantly higher (88%) in the intervention group while lower (76.1%) in the control group. As regards 60% women received more than 3 ANC check-ups remarkably higher by 13% in the intervention group. Health institution child births 44.8% were found meaningfully improved by 36.8% from baseline (8%); also, it was revealed higher (49.7%) in the intervention group than lower (40%) in the control group. Women’s education and exposure of previous pregnancy has found strong association with adequate antenatal care in intervention groups. Conclusions: A comparatively high proportion of the use of ANC services and institutional child birth were found in the intervention group. Improving the access to more quality health services in other tribal communities may necessitate the intervention research.