jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flow over a Cavity – Evolution of the Vortex Skeleton

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We consider a numerical simulation of a weakly compressible 2D flow over a cavity at Ma=0.38 (courtesy: M. Samimy). The flow over the cavity (yellow) is from left to right, the time is represented by the third dimension. Focus is placed on the temporal evolution of the vortices. These vortices (blue vortex cores) are identified as minima of the acceleration magnitude following the feature-extraction concept of finite-time topology (Kasten et al., 2011, in Pascucci et al., Springer). The spiraling curves represent fluid particle paths in the vortical regions. The volumetric smoke-like regions indicate a range of large acceleration magnitudes. The vortices originate at the leading edge and move through the cavity over the trailing edge. The halo of each vortex consists of spiraling particles with large acceleration values. t y
War epidemics: an historical geography of infectious diseases in military conflict and civil strife, 1850-2000

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

PROLOGUE I: WARE AND DISEASE 1. Wars and War Epidemics 2. Epidemics in Early Wars II: TEMPORAL TRENDS 3. Mortality and Morbidity in Modern Wars, I: Civil Populations 4. Mortality and Morbidity in Modern Wars, II: Military Populations 5. Motality and Morbidity in Modern Wars, III: Displace Populations III: A REGIONAL PATTERN OF WAR EPIDEMICS 6. Tracking Epidemics 7. Pan America: Military Mobilization and Disease in the United States 8. Europe: Camp Epidemics 9. Asia and the Far East: Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases 10. Africa: Soldiers, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and War 11. Oceania: War Epidemics in South Pacific Islands 12. Further Regional Studies IV: PROSPECTS 13. War and Disease: Recent Trends and Future Threats EPILOGUE
THE IMPACT OF DIGITIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HOW TO MEASURE IT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The development of artificial intelligence and robotics has far-reaching economic and socio-political consequences, and some of them have already manifested themselves. However, the implications of further progress in these areas are not well understood. What will be the impact on human society if artificial intelligence at some point even becomes superior in all relevant cognitive, physical, and perhaps even emotional capacities? How will productivity and income increase be boosted by artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, and what will be the relationship between labor and capital? The digitization of the economy is not a new phenomenon. However, even though it has been going on for several decades, today there is a consensus that it has reached a turning point. The symbiosis between big data and robotics announces a new economy and, therefore, new business rules. Studies have shown that an increase of 1% in the use of the Internet and mobile phones has led to an increase in economic growth by 0.12 percentage points. In the period 1993–2007. year, more frequent use of robots led to an increase in annual GDP growth and labor productivity by 0.37 and 0.36 percentage points, respectively. OECD estimates suggest that an increase in the share of digital technologies in the company's business processes by 10 percentage points, led to an increase in multifactor productivity by 1.4% after one year, or an increase in multifactor productivity of 3.9% after 3 years. Digital technologies have a strong impact on many areas of the economy. As we have seen the impact of digital technologies on labor productivity exists and tends to become even more significant. A very important factor that enables the positive externalities of digitization to be manifested in the right way is the need for the existence of infrastructure and financial inclusion that would enable the benefits of digitization to be manifested in the right way. We have seen that the analysis of OECD countries clearly shows a correlation between the implementation of digital technologies and productivity growth. This is especially clear when comparing digitally intensive branches with branches that are not primarily oriented towards digital technologies. Companies that have better access to key technical, managerial, and organizational skills have benefited more from digitization than other companies. These companies have already tended to be more productive than average companies, and digitization has contributed to increasing their advantage
Pain Education in Postgraduate Medical Curriculam in Bangladesh: An In-depth Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Pain is one of the most common symptoms for which people seek help from physicians. But it is not well emphasized over curriculum and evaluation method of medical, dental or nursing curriculum. The objective of the present study was to evaluate pain education in postgraduate medical, dental and nursing curricula in Bangladesh.Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study which evaluated post-graduate medical education. For building the matrix, a graphical representation “concept map” was formed. Key words from this map were used for evaluation.Results: : In postgraduate curriculum, from 2014 to 2018, highest 48% marks were allocated in residency program of Physical medicine. Short answer questions and multiple choice questions were used for assessment of knowledge part of pain education. To evaluate skill of pain management objective structured clinical examination was used.Conclusion: Dedicated pain curricula with purpose, planning for implementation, encouraging to learners can make a difference to motivate healthcare professional for better pain management situation in Bangladesh.
Medical Journal Editing: Who Shall Pay?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Editorials7 July 2009Medical Journal Editing: Who Shall Pay?Harold C. Sox, MD, EditorHarold C. Sox, MD, EditorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-1-200907070-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This issue of Annals is my last as Editor and an occasion to describe some lessons learned. Here are 3: Spotless research is a rare exception; editors and statisticians who labor to improve reports of clinical research are a national treasure; and clinical journals can provide a unique public service if they ensure that research methods are correct, reporting is accurate and complete, and conclusions are appropriately cautious. These lessons will emerge as I discuss the question that haunts me as I leave Annals: Who will pay for this public good that clinical journals provide?Journals occupy a pivotal place ...References1. Laine C, Goodman SN, Griswold ME, Sox HC. Reproducible research: moving toward research the public can really trust. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:450-3. [PMID: 17339612] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Goodman SN, Berlin J, Fletcher SW, Fletcher RH. Manuscript quality before and after peer review and editing at Annals of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:11-21. [PMID: 8198342] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Hirschhorn M. How the New York Times could survive. The Atlantic. January/February 2009:41-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harold C. Sox, MD, EditorAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Harold C. Sox, MD, American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInformation RetrievalHow often do leading biomedical journals use statistical experts to evaluate statistical methods? The results of a surveyShould Psychology Journals Adopt Specialized Statistical Review?Information Retrieval and Digital LibrariesAffaire Wakefield : 12ans d'errance car aucun lien entre autisme et vaccination ROR n'a été montréHal beslutningstakerenThe Physiognomy of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2010Christine Laine: Internist, Medical Journalist, and Editor, Annals of Internal Medicine—2009Eric B. Larson, MD, MPHQuel avenir pour les journaux électroniques biomédicaux ? 7 July 2009Volume 151, Issue 1Page: 68-69KeywordsDrugsForecastingMultivariate analysisPatientsPreventive medicineResearch reporting guidelinesStatistical dataStent implantationSub-specialty careSystematic reviews ePublished: 7 July 2009 Issue Published: 7 July 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inkjet nozzle fabrication - a critical review and feasibility study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The precision fabrication of Inkjet nozzles is a crucial part of inkjet technology. A comprehensive review on inkjet technology, its application and nozzle fabrication technology will be presented in this dissertation. Nozzle fabrication technology is a major challenge for the future inkjet printhead development. Laser Ablation is the most commonly used technology.
The Phenomenon of Refusing Covid-19 Booster Vaccination in Muara Sentosa Subdistrict, Sei Tualang Raso District Tanjungbalai City In 2022

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is a worldwide government policy program aimed at reducing its transmission, reducing the morbidity and death rate due to COVID-19, achieving herd immunity in the community (herd immunity) and protecting people from disease to remain socially and economically productive. The pros and cons color the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination program in various countries, including Indonesia. Vaccinations that are ongoing and are in the midst of the community are experiencing problems, there are still people who have not received the existence of the vaccine, including in Muara Sentosa Village, Sei Tualang Raso District, Tanjunbalai City, where the coverage of the COVID-19 booster vaccination is still very low. The purpose of the study is to find out the reasons for the refusal. This type of research is qualitative with in-depth interviews with informants consisting of the Lurah, Head of the Environment, Religious Leaders, Community Leaders, Vaccinator Officers, and residents. The results showed that the main cause of the phenomenon of rejection of COVID-19 booster vaccination in Muara Sentosa Village was the lack of public knowledge about the COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccination and work constraints in terms of time and side effects of vaccines. For this reason, it is necessary to take action by the local government to advocate with relevant agencies to increase community knowledge and facilitate vaccine service time for the community according to their free time.
[The role of the ductal system in the self-regulation of pancreatic secretion].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stimulation of mechanoreceptors of pancreatic main duct's distal portion activated secretion of bicarbonates and depressed secretion of protein, including enzymes, in dogs. Their incretion is increased, at that. The action of novocain on the duct either decreased or abolished the effect of activation and depression of secretion of various types of pancreocytes: the producers of bicarbonates and enzymes. The pancreas secretion from its two ducts was studied, too. Their secret differed by amylo- and lipolytic activity. An increased of the pressure in the main duct was found both to alter the secretion in the area drained through a given duct and to affect the properties of the secret drained through additional duct. The 10 or 15 cm H2O pressure increased the secretion debit of amylase, lipase and proteinase whereas a higher pressure suppressed their secretion. Several contours of the pancreatic secretion self-regulation seem to exist including one spreading from the gland duct system to its glandulocytes. Probable mechanisms of this self-regulation are discussed.
Riesz transform and vertical oscillation in the Heisenberg group

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the $L^{2}$-boundedness of the $3$-dimensional (Heisenberg) Riesz transform on intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in the first Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$. Inspired by the notion of vertical perimeter, recently defined and studied by Lafforgue, Naor, and Young, we first introduce new scale and translation invariant coefficients $\operatorname{osc}_Ω(B(q,r))$. These coefficients quantify the vertical oscillation of a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{H}$ around a point $q \in \partial Ω$, at scale $r > 0$. We then proceed to show that if $Ω$ is a domain bounded by an intrinsic Lipschitz graph $Γ$, and $$\int_{0}^{\infty} \operatorname{osc}_Ω(B(q,r)) \, \frac{dr}{r} \leq C < \infty, \qquad q \in Γ,$$ then the Riesz transform is $L^{2}$-bounded on $Γ$. As an application, we deduce the boundedness of the Riesz transform whenever the intrinsic Lipschitz parametrisation of $Γ$ is an $ε$ better than $\tfrac{1}{2}$-Hölder continuous in the vertical direction. We also study the connections between the vertical oscillation coefficients, the vertical perimeter, and the natural Heisenberg analogues of the $β$-numbers of Jones, David, and Semmes. Notably, we show that the $L^{p}$-vertical perimeter of an intrinsic Lipschitz domain $Ω$ is controlled from above by the $p^{th}$ powers of the $L^{1}$-based $β$-numbers of $\partial Ω$.
Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of the Interaction of Water with Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been combined with theoretical calculations for the characterization of the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex between H2O and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The symmetric O-H stretching mode was observed to shift 203 cm-1 to lower energy upon hydrogen bond formation, while a 32 cm-1 blue shift was noted for the H-O-H bending mode of the H2O subunit in the complex. These values compare extremely well with the (unscaled) shifts of -203 and +32 cm-1, respectively, that were calculated theoretically at the MP2/6-31+G** level. Additional perturbed modes of the DMMP subunit were observed, shifted relative to the parent band position. The greatest perturbation was to the P═O stretching mode near 1270 cm-1, where a shift of -17 cm-1 was observed (-21 cm-1 calculated theoretically). This suggests that the site of hydrogen bonding in the complex is at the P═O group, in agreement with theoretical calculations. The binding energy ΔE° for the 1:1 complex was calculated to be -7.7 kcal/mol.
Abstract B46: Soluble AXL is a candidate circulating biomarker for predicting acquired and intrinsic resistance to molecular-targeted agents in NSCLC cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Drug resistance is an important factor that compromise therapeutic effect of most anti-cancer drugs including molecular-targeted agents. Non-invasive assessment of drug resistance by circulating biomarkers would therefore be useful for determining therapeutic options for resistant patients. Recently, a receptor tyrosine kinase AXL has been implicated in acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in NSCLC cells. In this study, we examined the potential utility of AXL as a circulating biomarker to predict acquired or intrinsic drug resistance using NSCLC cells. Materials and methods: Drug resistant NSCLC cell lines were developed by exposing NSCLC cells with either EGFR inhibitor gefitinib or MET inhibitor PHA-665752. AXL-positive cells in parent and established resistant cell lines were isolated by anti-AXL antibody-immobilized magnetic beads. Drug resistance was assessed by MTS growth inhibition assay. Immunoblot analysis was performed on cell lysate and conditioned medium to evaluate expression and release of AXL. The role of AXL in cell growth and motility was examined by MTS growth inhibition assay and transwell migration assay. Results: Drug-resistant NSCLC cell lines were successfully established, and increased release of fragmented soluble form of AXL was observed in these cell lines. They showed increased cell motility, which was effectively inhibited by AXL knockdown using siRNA. In contrast, their cell growth was not affected by AXL knockdown, even when these cells were simultaneously treated with molecular-targeted agents. Furthermore, cells highly expressing AXL were immunologically isolated from a gefitinib-sensitive parent cell line. These cells showed partial resistance to gefitinib, indicating that such cells intrinsically exist in NSCLC cell populations. Conclusions: Soluble form of AXL is a candidate circulating biomarker for predicting acquired and intrinsic resistance to molecular-targeted agents in NSCLC cells. It may also be used to predict AXL-mediated increased motility of resistant cells. Patients harboring such resistant cells may have increased chance of responding to AXL-targeted anti-metastasis therapy. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B46. Citation Format: Nobuyuki Ise, Nobuaki Takemori, Kazuya Omi, Katsutoshi Goishi, Shigeki Higashiyama. Soluble AXL is a candidate circulating biomarker for predicting acquired and intrinsic resistance to molecular-targeted agents in NSCLC cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B46.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Media Suitable for Containerized Bare Root Whip Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Moisture retention characteristics, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and bulk density of media suitable for containerized bare root whip production and the effects of these media on red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) and blackgum ( Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.) growth were studied. Media tested were: 3:1:1, 2:1:2 and 2:2:1 (by vol) sand:composted municipal sewage sludge [Comtil]:Isolite or zeolite. A similar series of media were prepared by substituting rice hulls for sand. Similar physical properties were determined for three media components: rice hulls, Comtil and pine bark. Rice hulls and Comtil had high water retention at container capacity, 70.1 and 85.4%, respectively. Thus, substituting rice hulls for sand increased media water retention at container capacity and total plant available water. Media pH ranged from 4.9 (2:1:2 and 2:2:1 rice hulls:Comtil:zeolite) to 6.3 (3:1:1 sand:Comtil:zeolite). Rice hulls and Comtil had bulk densities similar to pine bark (0.30 and 0.32, respectively vs. 0.35 g cm −3 ); thus, medium bulk density was lower when rice hulls were substituted for sand. Rice hull-based media cation exchange capacity was higher than sand-based media. There were no differences in red oak height growth in the different media; height growth averaged 72 cm (28 in). Blackgum height was greatest (138 cm, 54 in) in 2:2:1 rice hull:Comtil:zeolite medium. The results demonstrate that rice hulls could be substituted for sand without reducing height growth of either species. When grown in the different bare root media, red oak and blackgum seedlings could be bare rooted by hand shaking. The root systems of both species were fibrous with many roots with intact root tips.
13C NMR Studies on Zr(ansa-Fluorenyl) Complexes. Molecules with Flexible Bonding Modes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

13C NMR spectra for the zirconium−fluorenyl complexes ZrCl2(η5-C5H4CR2- η5-C13H8), R = Ph, Me, 3 and 4, respectively, have been recorded. Analyses of the chemical shift data suggest that the hapticity is strongly distorted from that indicated above and that η3 and η1, respectively, would be better, but still not exact descriptions. Long-range (multiple bond) 13C,1H correlations are shown to be important, in that without a complete 13C assignment one can easily be mislead.
Adaptive Synchronization of Chaotic Brushless DC Motors with Uncertain System Parameters Based on Lyapunov Stability theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The adaptive synchronization problem of chaotic Brushless DC motors with uncertain system parameters via controller and update law is investigated by using Lyapunov stability theory. The adaptive control are firstly proposed, and then by using numerical simulations we proofed the validity and reliability of the control method. Our study can solve the synchronization and the motors coordination problem in manufacturing industry.
Adequate communication about operational risk in the business line

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

While there is an established framework for quantitative modeling of operational risk as a "lingua franca" on an expert level, active operational risk management in the business line as "first line of defense" requires adequate communication with and between nonexperts, ie, nonstatisticians. Decision makers (management) and process experts (staff) have to be able to implement the concepts of statistics and risk in their daily business, and the risk of misunderstanding those concepts in the business line has to be avoided. In this paper, a pragmatic alternative with a simplified approach to adequate communication of operational risk with and within the business line is suggested.
Optimization of Selenium Determination in Human Milk and Whole Blood by Flow Injection Hydride Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

abstract A flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HAAS) method was developed for determining selenium in human milk and whole blood after microwave digestion of the sample. The sample (2 mL human milk or 0.25 mL blood) was introduced into the microwave vessel with 1.5 mL HN03 and 0.25 mL H202 and 300 W (4 min) and 600 W (4 min) were applied. The digestion was completed by heating to 140 C (2-3 h). Se (VI) was reduced to Se (IV) with hydrochloric acid. The instrumental conditions for FI-HAAS (concentrations of reducing agent and carrier acid, flow rate of argon carrier gas, and sample volume injected) were optimized. The detection limit of the proposed method was 0.23 ng/mL (assay) or 115 pg Se (absolute) in biological samples (1.15 ng/mL milk, 10.4 ng/mL blood). The precision values were 5.0% for milk and 4.0% for blood. The accuracy was evaluated with 2 reference materials, National Institute of Standards and Technology Non-Fat Milk Powder (found: 104.3 ± 7.2 ng/g, certified: 110 ± 10 ng/g) and Whole Blood Seronorm (found: 81 ± 7.3 ng/mL, reference: 83 ± 4 ng/mL). The results show the suitability of the method for selenium determination in human milk and whole blood. The method was applied to whole blood samples obtained from pregnant women and to human milk.