jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interface Studies of Organic/Transition Metal Oxide with Organic Semiconductors and the Interfaces in the Perovskite Solar Cell

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent decades, research and development of organic based semiconductor devices have attracted intensive interests. One of the most essential elements is to understand the electronic structures at various interfaces involved in these devices since the interface properties control many of the critical electronic processes. It is thus necessary to study the electronic properties of the organic semiconductors with surface analytical tools to improve the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved in the interface formation. This thesis covers the experimental investigations on some of the most interesting topics raised in the recent development of organic electronic devices. The thesis intends to reveal the physical processes at the interface and their contribution to the device performance with photoemission and inverse photoemission investigations on the evolution of the occupied and unoccupied electronic structures. I will report a substantial difference in the electron affinity of CuPc on two substrates as the orientations of CuPc are different. I will also illustrate that the CuPc has standing up configuration on one monolayer of C60 on SiO2 while lying down on one monolayer of C60 on HOPG. Meanwhile, the CuPc on more than one monolayers of C60 on different substrates show that the substrate orientation effect vanished. Then I will propose a two-stage model to describe the bulk doping effect of C60 by molybdenum oxide. I will also demonstrate that the doping effect of C60 by ultra-thin layer molybdenum oxide is weaker than that by interface doping and bulk doping. I will demonstrate that for Au on CH3NH3PbI3, hole accumulation occurs at the vicinity of the interface, facilitating hole transfer from CH3NH3PbI3 to Au. I will show a strong initial shift of core levels to lower binding energy in C60 on CH3NH3PbI3 interface, which indicates that electrons transfer from the perovskite film to C60 molecules. I will further demonstrate that the molybdenum oxide surface can be passivated by approximately two monolayers of organic thin films against exposure to air. I will discuss the mechanism that how oxygen plasma treatment effectively recover the high work function drop of molybdenum oxide by air exposure. At the end, I will show that a small energy offset at Pentacen/C60 heterojunction makes it easy to transfer electrons from Pentacene to C60 even under a small applied bias, facilitating the occurrence of charge generation. Finally, I will summarize the thesis.
PE-TL Hybrid Method of Solving the Coupling Between Two-Wire Line and External Electromagnetic Pulse in Large-Scale Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To efficiently solve the coupling problems of two-wire line in complex large-scale environments excited by electromagnetic pulses, a novel hybrid PE-TL method consisting of transmission line (TL) equations and parabolic equations (PEs) is presented in this article. In this hybrid method, the PE model is applied to calculate the spatial fields in the presence of irregular terrains and buildings based on an efficient split-step Fourier transform technique and two-way propagation processing first. Then, the TL equations are employed to build the coupling model of a long two-wire line, and the excitation fields calculated by the PE method are introduced into the TL equations as distribution sources. Finally, transient current responses on termination loads of the two-wire line are calculated by inverse fast Fourier transform. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the hybrid method, and the application of this presented method for the coupling of long two-wire line in realistic terrain constructed by the digital map technique is presented. It shows that the PE-TL method can tremendously decrease the memory requirement and computation time compare with the MoM method, and have the ability to simulate the coupling problem of long two-wire line in complex large-scale environments excited by electromagnetic pulses rapidly.
Carotid Artery Cavernous Sinus Fistula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE majority of reported carotid artery cavernous sinus fistulae are found to be secondary to head trauma, a few apparently occurring spontaneously.1,2 The clinical picture is characterized by pounding headaches, exophthalmos (usually pulsating), chemosis, diminished visual acuity, and paralysis of one or more of the occular muscles. In several cases severe epistaxis is a paramount feature.3Occasionally the patient may complain of a roaring head noise and auscultation over the protruding eye will reveal the presence of a bruit. There are two major pathophysiological types of carotid cavernous fistulae, which may be differentiated by angiographic study. In the first, most of the blood from the carotid artery is shunted to the cavernous sinus. The patient will become hemiplegic immediately if there is insufficient collateral circulation by the way of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries. The absence of hemiplegia would suggest that enough blood is reaching the affected
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Reversal of Vertebral-Artery Blood Flow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE diagnosis of a subclavian steal is entertained on clinical grounds. Classic signs are an absent radial pulse, a difference in brachial-artery pressures greater than 20 mm Hg, and sometimes a supraclavicular bruit on the involved side. These signs may also be present in chronic subclavian or axillary-artery occlusive disease without reversal of vertebral-artery blood flow (RVAF).Patel and Toole,1 in their original review of the subclavian-steal syndrome, mentioned that a delay in the radial pulse on the involved side might be felt by palpation. The radial pulse, however, is absent or difficult to palpate in most patients. The diagnosis . . .
Sense and Nonsense of Revolt (1924–1927)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter 3 discusses the philosophical foundation of the New Women’s theory of chastity by exploring Swedish feminist Ellen Key (1849–1926). Key was one of the major sources of influence for the New Women in the United States, Japan, and Korea, during the 1880s, 1910s and 1920s. Relying on Key’s writings, the New Women formulated their visions of women’s liberation and women’s rights in terms of marriage, sexuality, and love, as well as maternity and child-rearing. The chapter also discusses the transition in Iryŏp’s thought from a feminist activist to an existential thinker to better understand her existential reality by exercising what Iryŏp calls new individualism.
“I’ve Always Spoke Like This, You See”: Preterite-to-Participle Leveling in American and British Englishes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Some English verbs use distinct forms for the preterite (i.e., simple past; e.g., I broke the door) and the past participle (e.g., I’ve broken the door). These verbs may variably show use of the preterite form in place of the participle (e.g., I’ve broke the door), which the authors call participle leveling. This article contributes the first detailed variationist study of participle leveling by investigating the phenomenon in perfect constructions using data collected from three corpora of conversational speech: two of American English and one of British English. A striking degree of similarity is found between the three corpora in both the linguistic and the extralinguistic constraints on variation. Constraints on participle leveling include tense of the perfect construction, verb frequency, and phonological similarity between preterite and participle forms. The variable is stable in real time and socially stratified. The article relates the findings to theoretical linguistic treatments of the variation and to questions of its origin and spread in Englishes transatlantically.
Choice Modeling of Enterprise Social Media Adoptions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To date, many studies focusing on the adoption rates of social media platforms in Fortune 500 firms have been conducted; however, little is known of the adoption time of such platforms, and the relationships between different social media adoptions. This study explores these aspects of social media using a proposed analysis integrating econometric analysis and data mining. Granger causality assists in constructing causal forecasting models of social media adoption time, whereas association rule mining, which can be visualized by dependency network graphs, contributes to understanding hidden relationships among enterprise social media adoption choices. The proposed analysis can account for the unexplained phenomena in a complementary way because different aspects can be drawn from the results of both econometric analysis and data mining.
Characterization of an interleukin-6-mediated autocrine growth loop in the human multiple myeloma cell line, U266

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract It has been reported recently that freshly isolated human myeloma cell cultures proliferate in response to added interleukin-6 (IL-6). Endogenous levels of IL-6 found in the same cultures suggested that an autocrine growth loop may contribute to cell growth. However, the lack of homogenous cell populations in primary myeloma cultures has made it difficult to distinguish between paracrine and autocrine growth mechanisms. To precisely address the autocrine growth issue we have evaluated the growth of the human myeloma cell line, U266. We have found that a neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody can inhibit U266 proliferation. Furthermore, the addition of IL-6 antisense oligonucleotides also inhibits U266 proliferation. These effects are reversed by adding IL-6, suggesting the presence of an autocrine loop. Using bioassays with two different IL-6-dependent cell lines, we were able to detect IL-6 in concentrated U266 supernatants. IL-6 mRNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA. Cell cycle parameter analysis shows that IL-6 acts to release a block in G1. Taken together these results present conclusive evidence for IL-6-mediated autocrine growth in the U266 human myeloma cell line.
<title>New Trends In X-Ray Image Intensification</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Starting with a brief history of the two stage diagnostic radiological technique, the development of x-ray image intensifiers with the aim of achieving improved fluoroscopy, with reduced exposure rates is discussed. The characteristics and limitations of these older image intensifiers are given. After these considerations about the performance of contemporary image intensification systems, the possibilities of improving these devices, as regards quantum detection efficiency, improved electron optics design using modern high speed computers, and improved output phosphor screen preparation are considered. In particular a discussion of sodium activated cesium iodide as the input scintillator, first reduced to practice by this author in 1967 is given. Some preliminary results on an experimental 210 mm input 70 mm output x-ray image intensifier tube are given which suggests that such a tube with a 100 mm output might be an adequate replacement for the presently used x-ray image intensifier screen-film combination.
Additional file 1 of HTA decision-making for drugs for rare diseases: comparison of processes across countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. PRISMA Flowchart. Table S1. Summary of processes for making reimbursement and pricing decisions on DRD in included jurisdictions. Table S2: Summary of opportunities for patient input across jurisdictions. Table S3: Summary of approaches to clinician input across jurisdictions.
Effect of pruning intensity, foliar feeding of P.G.R. and micro nutrients on vegetative growth of phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted in order to find out the effect of pruning intensity, foliar feeding of plant growth regulators and micro-nutrients on vegetative growth of phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis). The maximum shoot length was measured with the foliar spray of Urea @ 2.0 per cent at 50cm above from the ground level. Interaction effect due to pruning levels and chemicals spray were found non-significant with respect to shoot length. The maximum number of shoot per plant was recorded with the foliar spray of Urea @ 2.0 per cent with pruning level at 50cm above from the ground level. Foliar application of Urea @ 2.0 per cent showed highest number of leaves per shoot and maximum value was recorded with pruning at 50cm above from the ground level. Highest inter nodal length was measured with foliar spray of Urea k2.0 per cent as compared to other treatments. It was evident that foliar application of Urea @ 2.0 per cent and ZnSO4 @ 0.4 per cent respectively at 50 cm pruning level effective to increase vegetative growth in phalsa fruits.
Studies on the heat tolerance in the farm animals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

加温及び麻酔後加温が鶏の体温,呼吸数,心搏動数,血液乳酸量及び血糖量等に及ぼす影響を調べ,次の結果を得た。1) 定温器,直射日光の何れによるにせよ,加温すれば体温,呼吸数及び血糖量の増加が見られる。心搏動数は直射日光下で却温した時にのみ増加し,定温器で加温した時には有意の増加は見られない。血液乳酸量は定温器で加温すると減少し,直射日光下で加温すると増加する。2) 麻酔すれば体温は下降し,血液乳酸量は減少する。また呼吸数,心搏動数及び血糖量は幾分減少するか,または変化しないかである。3) 麻酔後加温すれば,体温の上昇のみを例外として,加温時の変化はすべて抑制される。
C-Peptide Reverses Nociceptive Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We examined the therapeutic effects of C-peptide on established nociceptive neuropathy in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor rats. Nociceptive nerve function, unmyelinated sural nerve fiber and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell morphometry, nociceptive peptide content, and the expression of neurotrophic factors and their receptors were investigated. C-peptide was administered either as a continuous subcutaneous replacement dose via osmopumps or a replacement dose given once daily by subcutaneous injection. Diabetic rats were treated from 4 to 7 months of diabetes and were compared with control and untreated diabetic rats of 4- and 7-month duration. Osmopump delivery but not subcutaneous injection improved hyperalgesia and restored the diabetes-induced reduction of unmyelinated fiber number (P &lt; 0.01) and mean axonal size (P &lt; 0.05) in the sural nerve. High-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor (NGFR-TrkA) expression in DRGs was significantly reduced at 4 months (P &lt; 0.01). Insulin receptor and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expressions in DRGs and NGF content in sciatic nerve were significantly decreased in 7-month diabetic rats (P &lt; 0.01, 0.05, and 0.005, respectively). Osmopump delivery prevented the decline of NGFR-TrkA, insulin receptor (P &lt; 0.05), and IGF-IR (P &lt; 0.005) expressions in DRGs and improved NGF content (P &lt; 0.05) in sciatic nerve. However, subcutaneous injection had only marginal effects on morphometric and molecular changes in diabetic rats. We conclude that C-peptide exerts beneficial therapeutic effects on diabetic nociceptive neuropathy and that optimal effects require maintenance of physiological C-peptide concentrations for a major proportion of the day.
ACC-AY1986-87_373

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Goals\nC.70.05\nTo cultivate a mutually beneficial working relationship with alumni to foster their participation in\nin career development.\nC.70.06\nTo further develop the programs and services of\nCareer Services on campus.\nPlanning\nAssumption(s)\nInstitutional\nGoal(s)\nDivision\nGoal(s)\nCost\nFactor($)\nDate(s)\nIII, VI,\nVIII\n1, IV\nC2, C4,\nC5\n1986-91\nII, III,\nVIII\n1, M, III,\nIV\nC1, C2,\nC5, C6,\nC7, C9\n9,000\n1986-91\nCounseling Services\nThe purpose of Counseling Services is to promote morally and emotionally healthy lives of students, consistent with the current understanding of the development tasks of young adults. In order to enable the students\nto develop autonomy, mature interpersonal relations, and purpose, services are provided that relate to the\nremedial, preventative and developmental aspects of this philosophy of development. The Counseling Services Department is staffed by two professionals, 3/4 time office staff, student peer counselors (Access and\nFreshman Connection) and work study staff.\nPlanning Institutional Division Cost\nGoals Assumption(s) Goal(s) Goal(s) Factor($) Date(s)\nC.75.01\nTo provide the highest quality of individual, couple\nand group counseling and therapy services to\nto students who may be experiencing ongoing or\nsituational psychological or behavioral difficulties.\nC.75.02\nTo identify the developmental skills presently\nneeded by the students as well as those that may\nbe needed in the future and to provide a means for\ntheir acquisition.\nC.75.03\nTo provide programming focused on the developmental needs of college students in order to\nmaximize the potential of all students to benefit\nfrom the academic environment and experience.\nC.75.04\nTo provide consultative services to the college\ncommunity (students, faculty, and staff) in order to\nmake the environment as beneficial to the\nintellectual, emotional, and physical development\nof students as possible.\nC.75.05\nTo engage in research and evaluation activities\nto determine the efficacy of the services being\noffered.\nC.75.06\nTo integrate the training of additonal pre-\nprofessionals within the provision and evaluation\nof counseling services.\nI, II, III,\nIV, VI,\nVIII, IX\nI, M, Ml,\nIV\nC2, C4\n93,075\n94,075\n1986-89\nI, M, Ml,\nIV, V,\nVI, VII,\nVIII, IX\nI, II, III,\nIV\nC1, C2,\nC4, C5\n100\n1986-90\nI, M, III,\nIV, V,\nVI, VII,\nVIII, IX\nI, II, III,\nIV\nC1, C2,\nC4, C5,\n25\n1,025\n1986-90\nI, II, III,\nIV, V,\nVI, VII,\nVIII, IX\nI, M, III,\nIV\nC1, C2,\nC4, C5,\nC7, C9\n25\n1,k025\n1986-90\nI, II, III,\nIV, V, VI\nVII, VIII,\nIX\nI, II, III,\nIV\nC2, C3,\nC4, C5,\nC7, C8,\nC9\n25\n1,025\n1986-90\nI, II, III,\nIV, V,\nVI, VIII,\nI, II, III,\nIV\nCI, C2,\nC4, C6,\nC7, C9\n1,000\n1986-90\n56
Effects of Ginkgolide B against Glutamate-induced Apoptosis on Retinal Neurons

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

【Objective】 To investigate the antiapoptosis effects of ginkgolide B against glutamate-induced apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat retinal neurons. 【Method】 The toxicity of glutamate with different concentration on primary cultured retinal neurons was quantified by MTT. Cultured retinal neurons were divided into 6 groups: Normal group, Glutamate group, 10 μmol / L GB-treated group, 50 μmol / L GB-treated group, and 100 μmol / L GB-treated group (n = 6). Neuronal survival was quantified by MTT, and apoptosis was observed by Annexin V / PI and JC-1 assay with flow cytometry. 【Result】 After treated by 100 μmol / L glutamate, the absorbance value of cultured retinal neurons were reduced to 0.50 ± 0.07, the apoptosis rate was 52.4% and the red / green rate of JC-1 was 1.77. Cocultured with ginkgolide B in 10 μmol / L ～ 100 μmol / L respectively increased the neuronal absorbance rate to 0.52 ± 0.09, 0.64 ± 0.15, and 0.74 ± 0.11, while reduced the apoptosis rate to 36.7%,12.4%, and 2.1% and improved the red / green rate of JC-1 assay to 1.898, 2.089, and 2.276 (P 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Glutamate toxicity in cultured retinal neurons can be inhibited by Ginkgolide B. The mechanism might be to improve the function of mitochondrial.
On the growing length scale in a replica-coupled glassforming liquid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Computer simulations are used to study a three-dimensional polydisperse model glassformer in a replica-coupling setup where an attractive field $\propto - \varepsilon Q$ of strength $\varepsilon$ can adjust the similarity of the system to a fixed reference configuration with the overlap parameter $Q$. The polydispersity in the model enables the efficient use of swap Monte Carlo in combination with molecular-dynamics simulation from which we obtain fully equilibrated liquid configurations at very low temperature, i.e., far below the critical temperature of mode-coupling theory, $T_{\rm MCT}$. When the $\varepsilon$-field is switched on, the fast dynamics with swaps allow relaxation to the stationary state at temperatures below $T_{\rm MCT}$. In the stationary state, the overlap $Q$ has a finite value that increases with increasing $\varepsilon$. For a given temperature $T$, fluctuations of the overlap around the average value become maximal at a critical field strength $\varepsilon^\star(T)$. With decreasing $T$ along this $\varepsilon^\star(T)$-line, overlap fluctuations increase and a transition from a unimodal overlap distribution to a bimodal shape occurs. We give evidence that these bimodal distributions are not due to first-order phase transitions. However, they reflect finite-size effects due to a rapidly growing length scale with decreasing temperature. We discuss the significance of this length scale for the understanding of the glass transition.
Workflow evaluation of environmental contamination with hazardous drugs during compounding and administration in an UK hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Exposure of healthcare workers to hazardous drugs may result in adverse health effects underscoring the importance of validating working procedures and safety precautions to minimise the risk. The objective was to monitor environmental contamination caused by the hazardous drug workflow: from drug vials, compounding process, to patient administration. Methods Surface wipe samples were collected from potentially contaminated surfaces in the compounding department and in the administration department. The outside of drug vials, compounded syringes, bags, elastomeric pumps, and gloves used by the nurses for administration were also monitored. Stationary air samples were collected near the isolators and above the bench top. Personal air samples were collected from pharmacy technicians, pharmacists, and nurses. Monitoring was performed in three trials during two-months. Samples were analysed for cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and paclitaxel using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Contamination was mainly found for 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on isolator surfaces, bench top, trays, and compounded products. Lower levels of contamination were measured in the administration department on trays, trolley arms and gloves of the nurses. Paclitaxel and docetaxel were incidentally detected. Air contamination was found for paclitaxel in the compounding department in one trial, and 5-fluorouracil was detected once in front of an isolator. Docetaxel was found in one air sample of a nurse. Conclusions Contamination was mainly found for 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on the products compounded in the isolators. Contamination was further spread along the workflow towards the administration department causing surfaces in between being contaminated too.
Association of Olpidium bornovanus and Melon necrotic spot virus with Vine Decline of Melon in Guatemala

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thirty-one soil samples from 14 different fields of Guatemala melon with vine decline symptoms were analyzed for the presence of organisms associated with the disease. With a soil-dilution plating method, only Macrophomina phaseolina was detected in five samples. With a melon bait plant technique, Olpidium bornovanus, often together with Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), was found in nearly all the samples, corresponding with all the fields studied. Other pathogens that were detected less frequently included Pythium aphanidermatum, Monosporascus cannonballus, and Rhizoctonia solani. Consequently, O. bornovanus and MNSV were uniquely associated with disease occurrence and thus are the most probable cause of melon vine decline in the fields studied.