jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supporting Data for Design Guidelines for Luminescent Solar Concentrator Greenhouses in the United States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Agrivoltaic greenhouses combine controlled environment agriculture and photovoltaics in one plot of land to simultaneously address the global challenges of renewable energy and sustainable food production. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can benefit these systems by providing additional design flexibility, granting the ability to tune light transmission for plant growth while generating electricity. Herein, we determine design guidelines for the implementation of LSCs in agrivoltaic greenhouses given the two competing priorities of light used for crop yield or for energy generation. Using a comprehensive model, we evaluate the impact of LSC design choices on the greenhouse environment, energy generation, crop yield, and economic value in 48 locations across the contiguous United States. We show the PV coverage ratio and the greenhouse’s heating demands determine the energy offset provided by the LSC. For improving crop yield, luminophore selection should maximize transmitted red light. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the economic value to crop yield, thus dictating luminophore selection for optimizing plant growth. Based on current project technology costs, LSC greenhouses are as profitable as conventional greenhouses generally for states below 40 °N. Future improvements to LSC manufacturing may allow previously unprofitable LSC greenhouses to become economically viable in northern states. This work showcases the broad design space for LSCs in agrivoltaic systems and the strong potential of integrating LSCs into greenhouses.
A REGIONAL RE-AUDIT OF THE SYMPTOMATIC MANAGEMENT OF NAUSEA & VOMITING IN THE MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF MALIGNANT BOWEL OBSTRUCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The medical management of symptoms associated with malignant bowel obstruction remains a clinical challenge in palliative care. Where surgical intervention is not appropriate, thorough clinical assessment should guide treatments for nausea and vomiting. In 2011, the North West Palliative Care Regional Audit Group (NWAG) coordinated a multi-centre review revealing variations in prescribing practice and adherence to guidelines. In response, participating organisations were asked to develop action plans. Aim To re-audit the assessment and medical management of nausea and vomiting in malignant bowel obstruction against updated evidence-based standards, and compare results with the 2011 NWAG audit. Method A regional, multi-centre, retrospective case note audit was undertaken for patients with malignant bowel obstruction. 8 audit standards were produced following an updated literature review. Data was submitted electronically and analysed centrally by NWAG for participating organisations. Results Thirteen organisations returned 101 data collection forms (6 hospices, 7 hospitals), an identical number to the original audit. Presence or absence of nausea, vomiting and colic was documented at initial assessment in 77%, 94% 68% respectively (n=101) compared with 80%, 91%, 80% in the original audit. Antiemetics were prescribed via non-oral routes in patients with nausea and/or vomiting in 87% (originally 97%). Where nausea and/or vomiting occurred due to bowel obstruction, regular or continuous non-oral medications were subsequently prescribed within 48hrs in 64% of cases (originally 68%). During an initial 4 day assessment period, if patients required two or more PRN medications for nausea and vomiting in 24 hours, medications were reviewed in 91%. Metoclopramide, if prescribed, was discontinued if colic occurred in 67% of cases. Metoclopramide and cyclizine were prescribed concurrently in 9%. Conclusion Whilst this re-audit demonstrates some variation from the original audit, practice was consistent in many areas. Findings support the need for regular and comprehensive clinical assessment in order to maintain effective symptom control.
STUDY OF AWARENESS ABOUT POSTPARTUM INSERTION OF INTRAUTERINE DEVICE AMONG ANTENATAL CASES IN RAIGARH

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In spite of many available contraceptives numerous unwanted and unplanned pregnancies occur. Though the couples desire contraception but are not able to accept it due to their ignorance and misconceptions. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India has taken initiative for provision of IUCD in immediate postpartum period. Several training programs and awareness camps are conducted by NHM for health service providers and also for the public. The study was corresponding to nd out the choices about contraception after delivery and awareness about postpartum insertion. Methods: The present observational study was conducted in LSLAMMC Raigarh hospitals. The study population included 400 women who planned to deliver at Government Medical College, RAIGARH during the study period including vaginal and caesarean section. Their choice of contraception after delivery and awareness was determined through a questionnaire. Reasons for refusal of postpartum insertion were recorded. Results: 400 cases were included in the study, a large number had decided about contraception; mainly breast feeding supplemented by barrier contraceptive. 78 of 400 were willing for insertion of contraceptive device but not immediately after delivery due to apprehension in general and fear of side effects. Conclusion: The results of this study showed Knowledge and acceptance of postpartum insertion is very low among antenatal women; probably because the concept is new in the community. There is a strong need to increase the knowledge and awareness about this by health education and counseling.
Vesicular nucleotide transporter regulates the nucleotide content in airway epithelial mucin granules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nucleotides within the airway surface liquid promote fluid secretion via activation of airway epithelial purinergic receptors. ATP is stored within and released from mucin granules as co-cargo with mucins, but the mechanism by which ATP, and potentially other nucleotides, enter the lumen of mucin granules is not known. We assessed the contribution of the recently identified SLC17A9 vesicle nucleotide transporter (VNUT) to the nucleotide availability within isolated mucin granules and further examined the involvement of VNUT in mucin granule secretion-associated nucleotide release. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that VNUT is abundantly expressed in airway epithelial goblet-like Calu-3 cells, migrating as a duplex with apparent mobility of 55 and 60 kDa. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that VNUT55 was associated with high-density mucin granules, whereas VNUT60 was associated with low-density organelles. Immunofluorescence studies showed that recombinant VNUT localized to mucin granules and other organelles. Mucin granules isolated from VNUT short hairpin RNA-expressing cells exhibited a marked reduction of ATP, ADP, AMP, and UTP levels within granules. Ca 2+ -regulated vesicular ATP release was markedly reduced in these cells, but mucin secretion was not affected. These results suggest that VNUT is the relevant nucleotide transporter responsible for the uptake of cytosolic nucleotides into mucin granules. By controlling the entry of nucleotides into mucin granules, VNUT contributes to the release of purinergic signaling molecules necessary for the proper hydration of co-released mucins.
Robust stabilization of uncertain delayed systems: application to model-following systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present the theoretical development to stabilize a class of uncertain time-delay system and its application to model-following systems. The system under consideration is described in state space model containing state delay, uncertain parameters and disturbance. The main idea is to reduce the state of system into an equivalent one, by employing generalized transformation, which is easier to analyze its behavior and stability. Then, the min-max approach is employed to find the stabilizing control law. After that, a class of model-following system is introduced for controlling the error between the model and process. With the extended theorem, the suitable control law that guarantees model tracking is derived. Finally, two numerical simulations are illustrated to show the algorithm for applying the proposed theorems and the effectiveness of the designed control law in stabilizing the controlled systems.
CENTRAL AORTIC PRESSURE AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS: ROLE IN ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND BARORECEPTOR FUNCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is due to complex interaction of cardiac and vascular factors and is influenced significantly by baroreceptor control. The cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has been shown to depend on vascular compliance and this may explain recent epidemiological association between BPV and arterial stiffness. Although baroreceptors are centrally located (in carotid arteries and aortic arch), BPV and BRS are generally assessed using arterial pressure measurement in a peripheral location (brachial artery or finger) However, the pressure pulse is amplified between the aorta and periphery, with amplification depending on heart rate due to the frequency dependency of the brachial transfer function. In addition, the degree of pulse amplification reduces with increased aortic stiffness as occurs with age. Thus, if BRS is determined by systolic BPV and concomitant changes in heart rate, the relationships will not be similar if assessed from a peripheral or central pressure measurement. The spontaneous sequence technique is used for computation of BRS from the slopes of linear relationships of systolic pressure (SBP) and pulse interval (PI) of contiguous cardiac cycles, where SBP and PI change in the same direction. With this method, BRS computed using central pressure has no consistent relationship to BRS computed using peripheral blood pressure measurements, with differences also being dependent on the lag between SBP and PI. With improvements in technology for continuous non-invasive measurements of central aortic pressure, characterisation of BPV and BRS will be enhanced by the inclusion of effects of arterial stiffness on the pressure waveform.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Carboxonium Ions of Cyclic Acetals. Part 9. Synthesis of Rosefuran and Structurally Related Terpene‐like Esters, Alcohols, and Olefins.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Marckwald cleavage of the furyl alcohols (III) [obtained from (I) by Grignard reaction] gives the γ‐ketoesters (V), which are converted to the dioxolanes (VII).
Effectiveness of the Mobile Patrol Unit (MPU) in its Anti-Criminality Campaign in Bulusan, Sorsogon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This topic pertains to the identification of the effectiveness of the Mobile Patrol Unit in Bulusan Sorsogon, including the perception of the people particularly the business-owners based on the programs implemented by the Mobile Patrol Unit. It was previously conducted in the exclusive jurisdiction of the municipality of Bulusan, a fourth-class municipality of the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. The researcher believed that the result of this study could be more beneficial to the said patrol unit in order for them to improve programs and techniques to produce more efficient service to the people. To be able to possibly get the data needed for this study, the researcher used a qualitative research method blended with a descriptive approach. Participants of this study came from the two group of respondents, one from the group of the Philippine National Police (PNP) patrol units (Mobile Patrol Units - MPU) and the other is from the group of the business-owners. Data shows that the Mobile Patrol Unit have their different programs in order to promote the peace and order in the said municipality; their identified programs are: (a)Increased Police Visibility, (b)Positive Attitude, and (c)Multi-Faceted Response. Identified programs are said to have a better effectiveness in as far as the anti-criminality campaign is concern. The low count of crime rate in the said municipality evidenced the said effectiveness of the patrol unit. The greater the program of crime prevention, the greater also the probability to deny the opportunity to commit crime. It also revealed the different positive experiences of the business-owners as to the anti-criminality campaign of the said patrol unit, the identified responses as to the experiences are (a)Community Satisfaction, (b)Good Police Performance, (c)People and Business Security, and (d)Limited Patrol Areas. It evidenced also the effectiveness of the patrol unit of Bulusan municipality. However, the other group of respondents (businessowners) argued that despite of having a good experience, they want to extend the area coverage of conducting patrol by the said unit as it does not reach the far distant barangays in the said municipality. It is exclusively conducted within the entire jurisdiction of the town without significant extension of patrol to the distant areas. Therefore, the researcher concluded that despite of having a better patrol experience of the business owners, the MPU has its own limited area during the times when they are conducting patrol in the municipality of Bulusan, province of Sorsogon
Epigenetics in ecology and evolution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The discovery of the multidimensional nature of the inherited information carried by the epigenome and the characterization of its intra‐ and intergenerational dynamics have profoundly changed our understanding of the functioning of biological organisms and the origins of phenotypic diversity. This has raised considerable interest in the study of epigenetics which is emerging as a ‘missing link’ between environmental and phenotypic variation. Recent discoveries have provided important insights into the mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity, inheritance and adaptation; key concepts at the crossroads of individual‐centred approaches (that mostly study proximate mechanisms); and supra‐individual ones (that mostly study ultimate processes). In this context, epigenetics emerges as a major source of inquiry for the study of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This special feature provides an overview of the role of epigenetics in ecology and evolution.
680 Increasing Surgical Junior Doctors Confidence and Knowledge in Treating Post-Thyroidectomy Hypocalcaemia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim One of the risks of thyroidectomy surgery is hypocalcaemia. Symptoms of hypocalcaemia can be very distressing for patients. This can be challenging for surgical juniors to manage. The aim of the project was to review the current hypocalcaemia guideline at Sherwood Forest NHS Trust and provide teaching for surgical junior doctors. Method A questionnaire was disseminated to surgical juniors, to assess baseline knowledge and confidence in recognising and managing hypocalcaemia in post-thyroidectomy patients. After completing the questionnaire, a hypocalcaemia information sheet addressing the pathology, symptoms and updated treatment guidelines was shared. The Trust hypocalcaemia guideline was updated to reflect BAETS hypocalcaemia guideline and redesigned to make it more user friendly. Surgical juniors were then asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire to assess how the information sheet and updated guideline impacted their knowledge and confidence in managing hypocalcaemia in post-thyroidectomy patients. Results Results found a specific increase in understanding of hypocalcaemia and an increase in confidence of postoperative hypocalcaemia management. The percentage of juniors scoring a 4/5 and 5/5 in managing hypocalcaemia symptoms increased from 17.6% and 5.9% to 47.8% and 21.7% respectively. 100% of respondents felt the information sheet and updated guideline increased confidence to diagnose and treat hypocalcaemia. Prequestionnaire n= 34, post questionnaire n= 23. Conclusions To conclude, there was an overall increase in confidence in managing hypocalcaemia, following a more user-friendly guideline which was up to date and specific for post-surgery. The information sheet which outlined key information increased 100% of surgical junior’s confidence in this area.
Effect of DMPA Content of Polyurethane Dispersion on Coating Properties

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polyurethane dispersions were synthesized from poly(neopentyl glycol adipate), isophorane diisocyanate (IPDI), and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) using conventional acetone process. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size analysis were utilized to characterize the above-synthesized dispersion. The effect of DMPA contents were studied on glass transition temperature (Tg), particle size, stability, and gloss; as well as, the effect of pH on gloss and drying time was also studied. It was found that gloss was inversely proportional to particle size and pH.
Functional Food Intervention Attenuates Obesity‐Induced Metabolic and Intestinal Microbiota Changes in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that functional foods may counteract. These foods can be a promising dietary strategy to reduce metabolic changes. Our study evaluated the effects of a bioactive food compound (BFC) against a high‐fat diet (HFD). BFC contains oat bran, flaxseed, and textured soy protein in a 2:1:1 ratio. Thirty‐four male rats were divided into three groups. One group consumed a balanced diet (control) from the beginning to the end of the experiment (T0, T1, T2). Two groups were induced to obesity with an HFD for 4 months (T1). One group maintained HFD consumption, while another consumed HFD with BFC (HFD/BFC) for 30 days (T2). BFC significantly reduced abdominal circumference in the HFD/BFC group (18.16 ± 1.09 cm) compared to the HFD group (23.89 ± 1.96 cm) and BD group (21.62 ± 1.69 cm) ( p ≤ 0.001), hepatic steatosis ( p ≤ 0.001), and fecal pH (7.83 ± 0.01). BFC increased HDL‐C significantly in the HFD/BFC group (34.5 mg·dL −1 ) when compared to HFD (30 mg·dL −1 ) and butyric acid (1.43 ± 0.03%). Without statistical significance, it attenuated body weight, blood glucose, LDL‐C, triglycerides, VLDL‐C, and intestinal damage. In microbiota analyses, the Firmicutes phylum was found to be the predominant one. Lactobacillus and Prevotella genera increased in the HFD/BFC group. We concluded that the BFC positively affected changes resulting from obesity, offering hope in the fight against this disease.
A Novel OpenFlow-Based DDoS Flooding Attack Detection and Response Mechanism in Software-Defined Networking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow have brought a promising architecture for the future networks. However, there are still a lot of security challenges to SDN. To protect SDN from the Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) flooding attack, this paper extends the flow entry counters and adds a mark action of OpenFlow, then proposes an entropy-based distributed attack detection model, a novel IP traceback and source filtering response mechanism in SDN with OpenFlow-based Deterministic Packet Marking. It achieves detecting the attack at the destination and filtering the malicious traffic at the source and can be easily implemented in SDN controller program, software or programmable switch, such as Open vSwitch and NetFPGA. The experimental results show that this scheme can detect the attack quickly, achieve a high detection accuracy with a low false positive rate, shield the victim from attack traffic and also avoid the attacker consuming resource and bandwidth on the intermediate links.
Maternal risk factors contributing to preterm birth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives:The complications of preterm birth constitute the most common causes of death in infants.The purpose of this study was to identify maternal risk factors contributing to preterm birth. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical research (case-control)which was carried out in 2010 in Shohada Hospital in Quchan.The questionnaires were completed via personal interviews and the collected data were analyzed (CI: 95%) with SPSS v.17 statistical software using descriptive analyze. Result:The results indicated that the most frequent risk factors for preterm birth were multiparity (25%), PROM (8.3%), preeclampsia (8.3%) and renal diseases (6.7%). Conclusions:According to the results of this study, devoting more attempts to promoting the quality and quantity of mothers' information about the risk factors of preterm infant birth and emphasizing the pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy cares can play a significant role in reducing the birth of preterm infants.
Combining genetic programming and inductive logic programming using logic grammars

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Genetic programming (GP) and inductive logic programming (ILP) have received increasing interest recently. Since their formalisms are so different, these two approaches cannot be integrated easily, though they share many common goals and functionalities. A unification would greatly enhance their problem-solving power. In this paper, a framework to combine GP and ILP is presented. The framework is based on a formalism of logic grammars, and a system called LOGENPRO (LOgic grammar-based GENetic PROgramming system) is developed. It is so flexible that programs in different programming languages such as LISP, Prolog and C can be induced. The performance of LOGENPRO in inducing logic programs from noisy examples is also evaluated. A detailed comparison with FOIL and mFOIL has been conducted. The experiment demonstrates that LOGENPRO is a promising alternative to other inductive logic programming systems and is sometimes superior for handling noisy data.
Future primary and preschool teachers between a tendency to adjust and a tendency to innovate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers at all levels of education must have an entrepreneurial mindset, be open to innovations and new ideas and skills to support the innovation and creativity of students, but also to work in the framework of the set standards. The goal of the research presented in this paper was to determine and analyse the structure of the grouping of future primary and preschool teachers into categories of adaptors, innovators and the so-called bridgers according to the KIA model, as well as to examine the factors of representation of the innovativeness/adaptability dimension. The sample comprised 204 students – future primary and preschool teachers. According to the results, almost a half of the respondents fall into the category of bridgers, namely persons who possess the characteristics of both innovative and adaptive cognitive styles. It was also established that students with higher academic achievement achieve better results, leaning towards adaptability. Similarly, senior year students ranked slightly higher in terms of the increased adaptability i.e. the lower the level of innovativeness. Our conclusion is that most respondents are consistent in performing their tasks; they are systematic, conscientious, responsible and committed to respecting social norms, rules and principles. On the other hand, future primary and preschool teachers should be encouraged to go beyond the set frameworks and support the change when the circumstances so require.