jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study on the Dynamic Behaviors of Water-in-Oil Emulsified Droplets on Coalescing Fibers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although increasing superwetting membranes have been developed for separating oil-water emulsions based on the "size-sieving" mechanism, their pores are easily blocked and fouled by the intercepted emulsified droplets, which would result in a severe membrane fouling issue and a sharp decline in flux. Instead of droplet interception, a fiber-based coalescer separates oil/water emulsions by inducing the emulsified droplets to coalesce and transform into layered oil/water mixtures, exhibiting an ability to work continuously for a long time with high throughput, which makes it a promising technology for emulsion treatment. However, the underlying mechanism of the separation process is not well understood, which makes it difficult to further improve the separation performance. Hence, in this work, the dynamic behaviors of water-in-oil emulsified droplets on the surface of the coalescing fiber were numerically investigated based on the phase-field model. The attachment, transport, and detachment behaviors of droplets on fibers were directly observed, and the effects of fiber wettability, orientation, arrangement, and fluid speed were studied in detail. First, it was observed that the droplets will move downstream along the fiber surface under the effect of fluid shear, and the large droplets tend to coalesce with their downstream small droplets on the same fiber surface because they move faster compared to the small droplets. Second, it was found that the emulsified droplet will spontaneously transport to the intersection of two angled fibers under the drive of asymmetric Laplace pressure, which demonstrated that the emulsified droplets tend to gather at the intersection of fibers when permeating through a coalescing medium. Third, it was found that the detachment behaviors of droplets from the fiber surface are strongly affected by their size, fiber wettability, and fluid velocity. In addition, the results of our simulation show that the backside of two closely attached fibers can further inhibit the detachment of droplets. We truly believe that our research results are of significance to optimize the parameters of a fiber-based coalescer for separating oil-water emulsions and to develop novel oil/water separators.
Naturalized, newly-associated microsporidium continues causing epizootics and expanding its host range

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Examination of grasshoppers sampled at two sites, one in western Pampas and one in northwestern Patagonia, both in Argentina, revealed the occurrence of two new epizootic events of the allochthonous microsporidium Paranosema locustae which became naturalized in grasshopper communities of those areas after introductions from its native land in North America in the late seventies-early eighties and mid-nineties, respectively. In the Pampas site, P. locustae was found infecting six out of eight grasshopper species collected at an overall prevalence of 38.8 % and a maximum of 50 %. In the Patagonia site, P. locustae was detected in four out of six species at an overall prevalence of 10.5 % and a maximum of 34.3 %. Two of the species affected, one in the Pampas, the gomphocerine Amblytropidia australis, and one in Patagonia, the melanopline Dichroplus vittigerum, constitute new host records for P. locustae, expanding its field host range in Argentina to 24 species of grasshoppers. In addition, bioassays were performed on three other grasshopper species selected based on several criteria. The tristirid Bufonacris claraziana and the gomphocerine Borellia bruneri turned out to be not susceptible to P. locustae while the melanopline Scotussa cliens was highly susceptible. All in all, results highlight not only the uniqueness of P. locustae among the Microsporidia that allowed for its development as a biocontrol agent but also the suitability of grasshopper communities in the Pampas and Patagonia to fully express such uniqueness, possibly even more so as an allochthonous parasite against autochthonous novel hosts.
Automatic license plate recognition using extracted features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems are employed for detection and recognition of license plate/number plate of vehicles. The performance of existing systems is well below the desired level. In this perspective, there is a definite need to propose a system to overcome the limitations of currently available systems. A new approach is being introduced in this paper for fast and efficient implementation of ALPR system. In this approach, the vertical edge detection algorithm is applied and removes unwanted edges by image normalization technique. The LP region is extracted by incorporating statistical and morphological image processing techniques. For character recognition, the template matching is employed for optical character recognition (OCR). The algorithm is tested on 500 real time images, which are acquired under different illumination conditions and from different scenes. Overall efficiency of the proposed method is 84.8% and the execution time is less than 0.5sec.
Immunoregulatory properties of serum from patients with different stages of syphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The response of lymphocytes from 17 patients with primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and to allogeneic lymphocytes was normal in heterologous serum; however, the responsiveness of cells from some patients with primary and secondary disease was significantly reduced in the presence of autologous serum. As cells from healthy controls invariably responded better to these stimuli in autologous serum, the sera from 81 patients with syphilis were screened for immunosuppressive properties. Sera from 25 primary, 32 secondary, two tertiary, six congenital, and 16 latent cases of syphilis were examined for their ability to reduce the responsiveness of normal cells to PHA. These experiments were performed with test sera as the sole source of serum for the cultures or with test sera added to cultures containing optimally supportive amounts of pooled human plasma.Stimulation of normal cells from one control in human plasma and 20% test serum showed that only in sera from congenital cases of syphilis was the mean response significantly different from the response seen in control sera; a significant increase in the response to stimulation occurred. The range of response to PHA with sera from cases of primary and secondary syphilis was wider than with normal sera. Sera from five (20%) cases of primary and 14 (44%) cases of secondary syphilis appeared to be immunosuppressive. When retested on another sample of normal cells, these sera were consistently immunosuppressive even in the presence of 15% pooled human plasma. Thus, in early syphilis antigenic stimulation may result in the release from suppressor cells of non-specific immunoregulators of cell-mediated immunity. Such phenomena may be a prelude to the development of tolerance to treponemal antigens. In congenital syphilis the development of suppressor cells may be impaired, resulting in the apparent immunostimulatory properties of serum from such cases.
Supply chain financing theory of the trade payables–performance link

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The existing empirical literature provides conflicting explanations of the relationship between trade payables and financial performance, highlighting a gap in understanding the nuances of this relationship. This article proposes a novel theory based on empirical evidence that re-examines the trade payables–performance linkage and explores the role of supply chain finance (SCF) as a critical moderating variable. Using a comprehensive methodology that integrates face-to-face interviews, web scraping, desk research, and econometric modelling, we identify the previously overlooked but significant factor of the implicit cost effect. Overall, the results suggest that SCF significantly modifies the relationship between trade payables and performance, and that SCF buyers are more likely than non-SCF buyers to achieve positive financial outcomes from extending trade payable terms due to the implicit cost effect. This research resolves existing theoretical discrepancies and provides deep insights into the dynamics of trade payable terms and the role of SCF. In addition, the study offers significant practical implications by informing corporate decision makers about strategies to optimise a supply chain’s working capital efficiency in order to improve financial performance.
St Georg modular knee prosthesis. A two-and-a-half to six-year follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The St Georg modular knee replacement has been studied in 59 cases with an observation period ranging from 28 to 73 months. In 47% of the knees both compartments were replaced; five of the six poor results were in this group. These were revised to a hinge arthroplasty or, in one case, to an arthrodesis. Other complications were few and insignificant. There were no infections. We concluded that unicompartmental knee arthroplasty can be recommended when joint involvement is localised to one compartment only. With more generalised joint disease we prefer a semiconstrained total condylar prosthesis.
SP0031 NEWS IN THE WORLD OF REHABILITATION

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease requiring long-term treatment with regular monitoring of the ongoing therapeutic process by a rheumatologist to achieve good health outcomes and prevent negative disease impacts.Objectives: The RheVITAL App is the product of a new and multilayered concept of treatment.A combination of a team of rheumatologists, physiotherapists, IT specialists and research partners from the German League against Arthritis have all contributed to the development of this research project.Methods: The presentation will show how this monitoring system improves the treatment of RA individually, monitors the patients on their way to self-empowerment and promotes participative collaboration between patients and rheumatologists.Results: The patients play an active role in the whole system.The patients are trained about their diseases, their treatment and the medicine they are taking.Furthermore they are given much more information about the German patient organisation.Conclusion: My talk will consider the function and management of the app, the difficulties as well as the efforts of data security and the role of the patient organisation as a research partner involved in this project.
Measuring the motion similarity in video indexing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent growth in the number of digital videos available motivates the development of video databases for the efficient management of these videos. Common video databases use image information calculated from key frames such as color, texture, shape to index videos, and only few of them are capable to store and retrieve motion information. In this paper we present a method for automatic motion based video indexing and retrieval. A prototype system has been developed, which automatically splits a video into shorter unit called shots, extract representative frames from each shot and estimates motion information in the neighborhood of the r-frame with the phase correlation method. A query can be an extracted motion information of a short sample image sequence, or a quantitatively given motion intensity in five region of the frame.
Shakespeare and Masculinity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The peculiar challenge posed by studying Shakespearean masculinity is its resistance to inquiry. Patriarchal ideologies function precisely by taking a specific form of male power, the power of the father, as neutral, given and, therefore, not an available object of study. Scholars have faced this challenge by examining masculinity at those very moments when it falters and fractures. The study of Shakespeare's male characters has an extensive history, and for much of that history, these characters were interesting and significant because they told us something about mankind, about human beings in general. Examining masculinity rather than men, scholars rethought the study of maleness as a feminist project and made a fertile space for historical study that draws out the contours of manliness in all its historical specificities. Such study lays the groundwork for new analyses that interrogate the association between masculine attributes and culturally valued forms of self. These analyses do more than simply question the dominance of men but propose alternative ideas of the masculine and alternative forms of human flourishing.
Incipient Fault Determination in Oil-Insulated Power Equipment via Neural Network-Social Group Optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Oil-insulated power equipment such as power transformers are one of the most imperative facilities in power systems. However, they are constantly subjected to electrical and thermal stresses, which accelerates their ageing process and heightens the risk of malfunction during operation due to incipient faults. Therefore, determination of incipient faults in power equipment is of utmost priority, where faults must be detected and diagnosed accurately in the early stages. In this work, determination of the incipient faults within oil-insulated power equipment based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) data is proposed using artificial neural network (ANN)-social group optimization (SGO) technique. The method was compared with combination with other algorithms, which include particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms. The results in this work demonstrate an improvement in the classification accuracy for the optimized ANN compared to the non-optimized ANN. Comparison among the optimized methods shows that ANN-SGO yields higher classification accuracy compared to ANN-PSO and ANN-ABC. The results obtained indicate that the proposed technique could benefit the power industries in determination of the fault type within oil-insulated power equipment automatically.
Macrophages and Stromal Cells Phagocytose Apoptotic Bone Marrow-Derived B Lineage Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract It has been hypothesized that B cell precursors that undergo programmed cell death due to nonproductive Ig gene rearrangements are cleared from the bone marrow by macrophages. However, a role for macrophages in this process is supported only by micrographs showing their association with apoptotic-appearing, B lineage cells. Functional data demonstrating phagocytosis of apoptotic, bone marrow lymphocytes by macrophages have not been presented, nor have receptors potentially involved in that process been identified. The data in this report demonstrate that macrophages isolated from murine bone marrow efficiently phagocytose apoptotic murine B lineage cells using multiple receptors that include CD14, integrins, class A scavenger receptor, and CD31 (PECAM-1). In addition, the results further reveal a new role for the hemopoietic microenvironment in B cell development in view of data demonstrating that murine bone marrow stromal cells are also capable of clearing apoptotic cells via an integrin-dependent mechanism.
Finite element modelling of thermal performance of LED lamp using open source software - salome and elmer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) has presented its outstanding performance compared to other present lighting sources such as fluorescent and incandescent. Thus, LEDs has become the favourable lighting source in this decade. However, the heat generated from the LEDs has limited its overall performances. This paper has demonstrated the use of simulation technique to access the thermal performance of the LED lamp. The modelling and simulation was performed using the open source software - Salome and Elmer. The thermal simulation was conducted by considering LED chip, metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) and heat sink. After achieving the grid independence, the result from the simulation model shows the highest temperature of 131.928°C on the LEDs and the lowest temperature of 126.974°C for the heat sink.
Automation Framework for Linux Audio

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To ease the process of testing audio on Linux platforms the automation framework is developed. The main goal is to make audio testing automated and unattended so as to remove the manual testing. First testing requirements are defined. According to those requirements test cases are developed to achieve the maximum test coverage. The development and design of the framework is such that continuous integration is possible. For the continuous integration Git is used and the framework itself is developed with Visual Studio and C Sharp. The automation setup consists of a controller pc used to trigger the test cases- a windows 7/8 machine, DUT which is any Linux platform that supports audio playback, a device that can be used to test DUTs playback capabilities such as sound blaster in case of headset or speaker endpoints or AVR in case of HDMI endpoints.
Choice, diversity and the role of government in education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on part of a project on the movement for choice and diversity in education, in several countries, which examines the related issues of public interest, private freedom, marketisation, commodification and State control. It was fashionable in the 1960's and 1970's for educational reformers to be critical of the role of government, especially the "ideological State apparatus" in education. Now that "choice" and "markets" are buzzwords in educational policy, what has happened to that earlier concern about the State? For many it seems that the State is no longer part of the problem but part of the solution. This is not a point about the content of policy (e.g. "economic rationalism" or "corporate managerialism") but about who exercises power and how. We argue that in Australia the role of the State has become so far- reaching that many instances of so-called "choice" and "market reform" have not increased choice or diversity at all. We are critical of State involvement in the detail of educational policy and practice and of union support for this. We suggest a general role for government as provider of resources and regulator in the interests of equity and justice. We advocate a strong role for the education profession as well as community participation in educational development. Thus we take issue with common positions on both left and right.
Why should one use the polarizable embedding model for computational studies of photoactive proteins?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Slides from my PhD defense lecture held at the University of Southern Denmark on October 29th 2012.
The title for the defense lecture was was provided by the evaluation committee: Assoc. Prof. Hans Jørgen Aagard Jensen, Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Prof. Benedetta Mennucci, Dept. of Chemistry, Univeristy of Pisa, Italy Assoc. Prof. Stephan P. A. Sauer, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Application of Combined Geoelectrical Techniques for Groundwater Exploration at Federal University Gusau, Zamfara and its Environ, Northwest Nigeria

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The area of study is currently facing an acute water shortage due to the dominant lithological framework that underlies the region and its fragile climate condition. As such, this study aimed at unearthing the groundwater potential of the area using a combined three geoelectrical techniques. Techniques such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Natural Electric Field (NEF) method, and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were employed in the delineation of the groundwater potential of the area. Using an ABEM SAS-4000 Resistivity meter and a PQWT-TC150 water-detector equipment, respectively. Wennar array was employed for the conduct of ERT while Schlumberger configuration was used for VES data collection. The measured apparent resistivity value was inputted into RES2DIV software and subjected to an inversion process to generate the resistivity structural image of the subsurface. However, IP2WIN software was used for the VES data interpretation. The result of the ERT method revealed two to three geoelectrical resistivity layers: an overburdened layer of topsoil/laterite with resistivity values ranging from 6.86 Ωm to 1095 Ωm and thicknesses of 1-13 meters, a weathered/fractured basement layer, interpreted as the aquifer unit, with resistivity values between 28.7 Ωm and 345 Ωm, and thicknesses ranging from 6 - 30 meters; and a fresh/slightly fractured basement layer with resistivity values from 367 Ωm to 6899 Ωm. NEF method revealed the thickness and depth of the aquiferous layer across the six profile lines to range between 15-60m, 30-90m, 15-85m, 20-80m, 45-105m, and 20-40m respectively, with points on profile five (5) identified as the most promising site with regards to groundwater development. VES result identifies weathered and fractured layers as the major aquiferous units with resistivity values ranging from 9.965 Ωm to 9651 Ωm and 21.7 Ωm to 859 Ωm respectively with fracture thickness reaching up to 60m in some instances. The result goes in line with the outcome of both NRF and ERT techniques. The geological interference of this lithology on groundwater exploration reveals both the weathered overburden and fractured basement as aquiferous units in the study area. The study identified several promising aquiferous zones at depths ranging from 15 to 105 meters, with fractured basement layers serving as primary reservoirs for groundwater development.
Modes of Access to Land, and Gender-Related Productivity Gap in Burkina Faso

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyses the sources of gender-related productivity gap, and measures the impact of land access patterns on the productivity gap in Burkina Faso. The data used in this research are drawn from the latest available study on living standards in Burkina Faso with respect to integrated agricultural surveys carried out in 2013- 2014 in Burkina Faso. Like most countries in the Sub-Saharan region, Burkina Faso is essentially an agricultural economy. As such, knowing the causes of the productivity gap between genders is crucial for the formulation of policies designed to empower women. The econometric approach used in this work is based on the estimation of the Oaxaca-Blinder model, which explains the agricultural productivity gap by three (3) clusters of effects: the endowment effect, the structural effect, and the interaction effect. The results indicate that women farm managers are 26% less productive compared to men. Breaking down the sources of productivity gap reveals that the mode of access to land accounts for -300% of the endowment effect and 211.54% of the structural effect, with land purchase and renting being the statistically significant modes of access to land. This implies that policy makers need to reform the customary laws that exclude women from land ownership.