jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Air-Abrasion Regimens and Fine Diamond Bur Grinding on Flexural Strength, Weibull Modulus and Phase Transformation of Zirconium Dioxide

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Purpose This study evaluated the effect of air abrasion and polishing regimens on the flexural strength of yttrium stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP). Methods From Y-TZP blocks (InCeram 2000 YZ Cubes; Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) 120 bars (25 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm) were obtained according to ISO 6872:2008 and randomly divided into 4 groups: Group C: (control) without surface treatment (n = 30); Group APA: Air abrasion with aluminum oxide (44 µm) (n = 30); Group SC: Silica-coating (CoJet, 30 µm) (n = 30); Group FD: Fine diamond bur (n = 30). Subsequently, all specimens were subjected to 4-point bending test (in distilled water at 37°C) in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 1000; São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil); cross-head speed: 0.5 mm/min). The characteristic strength (σ 0 ) of each specimen was obtained from the flexural strength test and evaluated using Weibull analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to quantity the monoclinic phase. The surface topography of specimens was analyzed using 3D optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after surface conditioning methods. The flexural strength data (σ 4p ) were statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, Tukey test (α = 0.05) and Weibull (m = modulus, σ 0 = characteristic strength) were calculated. Results The mean ± standard deviations (MPa) of the groups were as follows: C: 1196.2 ± 284.2 a ; APA: 1369.7 ± 272.3 a ; SC: 1207.1 ± 229.7 a and FD: 874.4 ± 365.4 b . The values (m) and (σ 0 ) were as follows: C: 4.5 and 1308.12; APA: 5.9 and 1477.88; SC: 6.0 and 1300.28; and FD: 2.6 and 985.901, respectively. Conclusions Air particle abrasion with neither silica nor alumina showed significant difference compared to the control group but grinding with fine diamond bur impaired the flexural strength of the zirconia tested.
Chalcones. XIX : Potential Germicides Derived from 2-Acetonaphthones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-2 Manuscript received 24 November 1972; revised 17 September, 1974; accepted 4 August 1975 Chalcones. XIX : Potential Germicides Derived from 2-Acetonaphthones.
TJ-41 Induces Apoptosis and Potentiates the Apoptotic Effects of 5-FU in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recent studies suggest that TJ-41, a herbal drug, possesses chemotherapeutic effects. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to investigate the anticarcinogenic effects of TJ-41 on human breast cancer cells lines. TJ-41 inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines dose dependently. Flow cytometric analysis showed that this decrease in DNA synthesis is to be associated with induction of apoptosis. In both cell lines, apoptosis was abolished by caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-fmk but was weakly inhibited by caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-fmk, indicating that caspase-9 activation was involved in TJ-41 induced apoptosis. Additionally, TJ-41 stimulated phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and pretreatment of breast cancer cells with JNK inhibitor SP600125 completely abolished TJ-41 induced apoptosis. Our data also demonstrate that combined treatment of TJ-41 and 5-FU significantly potentiates the apoptotic effects of 5-FU in both breast cancer cell lines. Taken together, these data suggest that TJ-41 might provide a novel chemotherapeutic treatment for breast cancer.
A missense polymorphism (rs11895564, Ala380Thr) of integrin alpha 6 is associated with the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Korean population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These results suggest that the A allele of rs11895564 (Ala380Thr) in ITGA6 may be a risk factor of PTC, and also contribute to the progression of PTC in the Korean population.
Procedures for finding optimal layouts of vehicle components with respect to durability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract When designing complete systems or system components, it is of vital importance for the manufacturers to optimally fulfill the continuously increasing demands pertaining to safety, durability, reduction of energy consumption, noise reduction, improvement of comfort, accuracy, etc. This applies to all types of traffic and transportation systems like rail vehicles, automobiles, airplanes and ships. By combining structural analysis and simulation methods with optimization algorithms, required specifications can be met faster and more reliably, and hence the production development cycles can be substantially reduced. This paper shall give an overview on results of a method with the features of a damage approximation as precisely as possible on the one hand and, on the other hand, a load‐time history with few different load cycles so that a nonlinear calculation can be performed in the shortest possible time. Simulations with rigidly and elastically modeled components like bogie frames or carbodies show that depending on the type of modeling substantial differences may occur with respect to dynamic behavior and the interaction quantity between the bodies. This aspect has to be taken into consideration for quantitatively sufficient fatigue strength and durability calculation. Mathematical optimization procedures are in general an efficient tool to guarantee the optimal fulfillment of all required design objectives and constraints in all stages of the design process. Some of the procedures are illustrated at two examples (bogie frame, carbody). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Where Pityriasis Versicolor and Pica Collide

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Propulsive nanomachines: the convergent evolution of archaella, flagella and cilia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Echoing the repeated convergent evolution of flight and vision in large eukaryotes, propulsive swimming motility has evolved independently in microbes in each of the three domains of life. Filamentous appendages – archaella in Archaea, flagella in Bacteria and cilia in Eukaryotes – wave, whip or rotate to propel microbes, overcoming diffusion and enabling colonization of new environments. The implementations of the three propulsive nanomachines are distinct, however: archaella and flagella rotate, while cilia beat or wave; flagella and cilia assemble at their tips, while archaella assemble at their base; archaella and cilia use ATP for motility, while flagella use ion-motive force. These underlying differences reflect the tinkering required to evolve a molecular machine, in which pre-existing machines in the appropriate contexts were iteratively co-opted for new functions and whose origins are reflected in their resultant mechanisms. Contemporary homologies suggest that archaella evolved from a non-rotary pilus, flagella from a non-rotary appendage or secretion system, and cilia from a passive sensory structure. Here, we review the structure, assembly, mechanism and homologies of the three distinct solutions as a foundation to better understand how propulsive nanomachines evolved three times independently and to highlight principles of molecular evolution.
Division or Union of Labor? Analyzing Workers’ Representation in the Argentine Congress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Does social background affect legislators’ behavior in office? Do individuals with specific social ties tend to be mainly concerned with representing their group of reference, beyond partisanship? This article deals with these questions by analyzing bill-drafting patterns by representatives in the Argentine Congress who belong to an understudied group: workers. The wide presence of a broad, populist party (Peronism) that historically incorporated organized labor, along with other groups, provides consistent variation for empirical assessment. Evidence demonstrates that only labor-based representatives in general, regardless of party membership, tend to use legislative resources to target workers, while every other member of the populist party does not consider labor issues at all in their legislative tasks. Such findings open new directions for analysis of representation, legislative performance, and strategies developed by dissimilar groups in broad political organizations.
Seismic analysis using wavelet transform for hydrocarbon detection in paleo‐karst reservoirs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in deep hydrocarbon explorations reveal that paleo‐karst systems could be among one of the important prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, a challenging problem is to distinguish the hydrocarbon‐bearing karsts from the water‐saturated ones before drilling. In this study, we show that as one of the most advanced wave decomposition techniques, wavelet transform could aid seismic analysis for hydrocarbon detection in paleo‐karst reservoirs. In wavelet transform, seismic wave is decomposed into different frequency contents. Amplitude anomalies for each frequency are identified for possible association with hydrocarbon occurrence due to seismic attenuation. For the studied deep paleo‐karst reservoir of an Ordovician age in the Tarim basin of China, processed 3D post‐stack data sets are used to detect hydrocarbon zones by analyzing the low frequency signals in the decomposed domain. It is found that low‐frequency anomalies on the spectrogram of a frequency of 20Hz best correlate with the occurrence of oil‐saturated paleo‐karsts in the studied area, whereas the spectrogram at high‐frequency end (e.g., 70 Hz) could reveal thin beds and other high‐resolution structural and/or stratigraphic information of the reservoirs.
Abstract P281: All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men With High Levels of Physical Activity and Coronary Artery Calcification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that extreme levels of physical activity (endurance athletes) are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis as well as increased mortality. The safety of continuing high levels of physical activity is uncertain once coronary artery calcification (CAC) is discovered. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that men performing &ge3000 MET·minutes/week of physical activity would have greater all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality compared to those with &lt1500 or 1500-&lt3000 MET·minutes/week of physical activity and that mortality risk would be greater in those with CAC&ge100 compared to &lt100 Agatston units. Methods: The cohort studied included 16,109 men without prevalent CV disease who reported physical activity levels and underwent EBT or MDCT scan. Physical activity was categorized into &ge3000 (n=1,266), 1500-3000 (n=3,027), and &lt1500 (n=11,816) MET·minutes/week. CAC scanning included EBT scans (1997-2007) or MDCT scans (2007-2013), and CAC score was categorized into &ge100 (n=3,547) and &lt100 (n=12,562) Agatston units. We fit separate proportional hazards regression models to follow-up times for all-cause and CV mortality. The models included all combinations of CAC and physical activity categories and were adjusted for baseline age, smoking, BMI, cholesterol, HDLc, and systolic blood pressure. Results: The average age of participants at baseline was 51.3±8.3 years. Men with the highest activity level had a lower BMI and higher HDLc. After an average follow-up of 8.9 years, there were 329 all-cause and 60 CV deaths, including 174 all-cause and 38 CV deaths in those with CAC&ge100. The sample had 80% power to detect all-cause mortality hazard ratios &ge 1.9 and 1.8 for physical activity &ge3000 versus &lt1500 in those with CAC&lt100 and &ge100, respectively. The corresponding minimum detectable CV mortality hazard ratios were 3.5 and 2.8. Comparing physical activity &ge3000 to &lt1500 in those with CAC&ge100, the hazard ratios (95% CI) were 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) for all-cause mortality and 0.9 (0.3, 3.1) for CV mortality. Hazard ratios were similar when comparing physical activity &ge3000 to 1500-&lt3000 in those with CAC &ge100. Finally, when comparing physical activity categories, there was no evidence that hazard ratios varied by CAC category, p&gt0.7. Conclusions: This sample offers no evidence that levels of activity &ge3000 MET·minutes/week are associated with increased all-cause or CV mortality compared to those with &lt1500 or 1500- &lt3000 MET·minutes/week, regardless of CAC level.
Prospective studies in the natural history of food allergy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of the natural history of food allergy is hindered by the lack of a reliable method of diagnosing food allergy except through oral challenge. This need raises a conflict between the need to document continued sensitivity and the effects of these repeated challenges not only on the natural history but also on the immediate induction of symptoms especially in the highly sensitive patient. Despite this difficulty, a number of investigators have provided data on a total of 177 infants and children who were subjected to repeated challenges. In only a few reports were these repeated challenges carried out in rigorous double-blind protocol. When the challenges were repeated, the results did not differ from the group as a whole. These studies agree that the prognosis in food allergy is excellent, with 60% to 73% of infants losing their food sensitivity in the first year and 26% to 53% of older children eventually remitting. The specific food causing symptoms (egg, milk, soy, etc) affected the prognosis but the intensity of IgE-mediated sensitization as indicated by skin testing or RAST did not. The data regarding the loss of immunologic tests as symptoms subsided differed from study to study. This may be due to the age at which patients were first studied varied widely or because the compliance with dietary restrictions in the various studies varied. Finally, a large majority of children developed respiratory symptoms to inhalant allergens at the same time their food-related symptoms disappeared.
Characterization of the mineral content of a physical sunscreen emulsion and its distribution onto human stratum corneum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

When using physical sunscreens, protection and aesthetic aspects are directly related to particle size and mineral distribution onto skin. These investigations aimed to characterize the different mineral raw materials entering into the composition of a specific sunscreen emulsion and to assess the distribution of the sunscreeen agents at the surface of human stratum corneum. X‐ray diffractometry revealed the crystallographic features of the TiO2 and ZnO crystals. Frequency distributions of crystal length and aspect ratio were determined for the zinc oxide which presented the largest particle size and varying shapes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy disclosed structural information. The results reported in this study specify the characteristics of the oxide particles involved in the formulation and show a satisfactory mineral distribution along the irregular topography of the skin. No intracellular penetration was noted. Resume. Lorsqu'on utilise des ecrans mineraux dans un produit cosmetique, la photoprotection et les aspects esthetiques sont directement tributaires de la taille des particules et de leur repartition spatiale a la surface de la peau. L'objectif de ce travail etait de caracteriser les differentes phases minerales entrant dans la composition d'une emulsion antisolaire specifique et d'evaluer la distribution des elements photoprotecteurs a la surface du stratum corneum humain. La technique de diffraction des rayons X a ete utilisee pour fournir des donnees cristallographiques relatives auz TiO2 et ZnO employes. Les distributions statistiques des longueurs des cristaux et des rapports de la longueur a la largeur ont ete determinees pour l'oxyde de zinc, qui presente la plus grande taille de particules et des formes variables. Des informations structurales ont ete obtenues par microscopie electronique a balayage et a transmission. Les resultats de cette etude precisent les caracteristiques des particules minerales employees dans la preparation et montrent que la distribution cristalline le long du microrelief cutane est satisfaisante. Aucune penetration intracellulaire des cristaux n'a ete notee.
Insulinotropic and Muscle Protein Synthetic Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Potential Therapy for Type Diabetes and Sarcopenia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging (i.e., sarcopenia) has a negative effect on functional independence and overall quality of life.One main contributing factor to sarcopenia is the reduced ability to increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis in response to habitual feeding, possibly due to a reduction in postprandial insulin release and an increase in insulin resistance.Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), primarily leucine, increases the activation of pathways involved in muscle protein synthesis through insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms, which may help counteract the -anabolic resistance‖ to feeding in older adults.Leucine exhibits strong insulinotropic characteristics, which may increase amino acid availability for muscle protein synthesis, reduce muscle protein breakdown, and enhance glucose disposal to help maintain blood glucose homeostasis.
Identification of Two Novel Deletion Mutations within the Gsα Gene (GNAS1) in Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a genetic disorder characterized by short stature, skeletal defects, and obesity. Within AHO kindreds, some affected family members have only the somatic features of AHO [pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP)], whereas others have these features in association with resistance to multiple hormones that stimulate adenylyl cyclase within their target tissues[ pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP Ia)]. Affected members of most AHO kindreds (both those with PPHP and those with PHP Ia) have a partial deficiency of Gsα, the α-subunit of the G protein that couples receptors to adenylyl cyclase stimulation, and in a number of cases heterozygous loss of function mutations within the Gsα gene (GNAS1) have been identified. Using PCR with the attachment of a high melting domain (GC-clamp) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, two novel heterozygous frameshift mutations within GNAS1 were found in two AHO kindreds. In one kindred all affected members (both PHP Ia and PPHP) had a heterozygous 2-bp deletion in exon 8, whereas in the second kindred a heterozygous 2-bp deletion in exon 4 was identified in all affected members examined. In both cases the frameshift encoded a premature termination codon several codons downstream of the deletion. In the latter kindred affected members were previously shown to have decreased levels of GNAS1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression. These results further underscore the genetic heterogeneity of AHO and provides further evidence that PHP Ia and PPHP are two clinical presentations of a common genetic defect. Serial measurements of thyroid function in members of kindred 1 indicate that TSH resistance progresses with age and becomes more evident after the first year of life.
Studies on the Manufacture of Gyomiso (Fermented Fish Paste). III. The Relation between the Amount of Salt Added and Ripening Velocity and the Creation of Ammonia during the Ripening of Gyomiso

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1) We have observed the ripening velocity of Gyomiso by varous amounts of salt added. (2) The ripeing velocity was observed by the amount of swelling of the mixture of raw materials. If the amount of salt added was samll (less than 10%), the ripening velocity was too high and mixture was apt to spoil. (3) The quantity of the amino acid nitrogen created from the mixture was larger the smaller the amount of salt added (less than 10% of salt for the mixture) in the earlier time of ripening, but it rapidly became ammonia. If we use salt more than 13% of the mixture, the quantity of the amimo acid nitrogen was samll in the earlier period of ripening, but became larger in the latter part of the ripening. (4) Volatile base, ammonia, is created in large amount in the case of adding a sall amount of salt in the mixture. The creation of ammonia from Gyomiso is clearly detected from the beginning of the ripening. This phemomenon is different from the other salted marine products. This is probably due to enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae inoculated to the wheat bran, which decompose amino acid to ammonia. Spoilage is determined when 90 or more mg of ammonia are present per each 100g of Gyomiso. (5) The change of hydrogen ion concentration of the mixture during the ripening is the same as Part IX of this study. The phenomenon of the spoilage begins at pH 6.0. (6) The amount of salt added to the mixture of raw materials should be above 13%.
The National Counterterrorism Center: Foreign and Domestic Intelligence Fusion and the Potential Threat to Privacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Late last year, Americans woke, dressed, read the newspaper, and learned that the Federal Government had been spying on them for over three years. The White House had asked theNew York Times not to publish an article detailing President Bush’s authorization of National Security Agency (NSA) wiretapping of American citizens.1 The paper consequently delayed publication of the story for a year.2 When the news finally broke, it ignited a firestorm of public controversy.
Development of Laser-based Remote Sensing Technique for Detecting Defects of Concrete Lining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Laser-based remote sensing system (LRSS) for detecting defects of concrete lining has been developed. This system can move a central passage in Shin-kansen tunnel and detected the concrete defects. We have developed automatic positioning and focusing system of impact and detection lasers. It was confirmed that this system inspected concrete defects with remote and high speed and soundness could be judged.
StrainInfo SI-ID 410813.2

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

StrainInfo dataset 410813 about a strain of Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.