jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of genotype and growing environment on the gluten strength and end-use quality of CWRS wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The goal of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of genotype (G) and environmental (E) influences on gluten strength which is a critical asset of CWRS wheat. Replicated field trials were carried out in two years involving nine CWRS cultivars grown in nine locations. Wheat, flour, dough and protein properties were evaluated. Gluten strength was measured using a 10 g mixograph and further analyzed in relation to protein content (PC) of flour, soluble prolamins (SP) and HMW glutenin (HMWG). Results indicated gluten strength was unrelated to total FP, inversely related to SP/FP, and strongly associated with HMWG/FP or HMWG/SP. Genotype and growing environment weather were the primary and secondary contributors, respectively, to total variance in gluten strength. A novel analysis of weather parameters across field sites yielded multivariate regression models that explained > 90% of variation in PC and key measures of gluten strength. Genotype ranking of gluten strength was not completely consistent with recent decisions by the Canadian Grain Commission to retain or drop cultivars from the CWRS class. The study highlighted many advantages of using a G x E approach to evaluate gluten strength and other attributes of CWRS wheat, especially to sort out the relative contributions of G and E for this important wheat class.
Modul Hayati, Eksplorasi, Berfikir Aras Tinggi (HEBAT) Bacaan: Strategik pengajaran dan pembelajaran membaca

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang Modul HEBAT Bacaan sebagai satu strategik pengajaran dan pembelajaran membaca dalam usaha meningkatkan literasi bacaan murid sekolah menengah daripada murid Tingkatan Satu hingga murid Tingkatan Empat. Modul HEBAT bacaan adalah wardah yang disediakan oleh KPM bagi menyediakan murid untuk menjawab Literasi Bacaan PISA. Pembinaan Modul HEBAT Modul ini telah dibangunkan menggunakan pendekatan bertema dan memberi penekanan tentang teknik serta proses membaca sebagai panduan pengajaran dan pembelajaran guru di dalam kelas. Oleh itu dalam penulisan ini dibincangkan tentang pemikiran modul HEBAT bacaan, kebolehlaksanaan Modul HEBAT Bacaan dan Pedagogi Abad ke-21 (PAK 21) serta Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Secara keseluruhannya modul ini mempunyai nilai tambah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (P&P) membaca Bahasa Melayu kerana pendekatan yang digunakan adalah menyeluruh mencakupi aspek strategik P&P, cadangan aktiviti, bahan rangsangan/ simulasi dan projek penilaian pembelajaran. Selain itu penekanan PAK 21 dan KBAT juga menjadikan modul ini lebih sesuai dengan situasi P&P masa kini. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This article aims to clarify the HEBAT module (Appreciation, Exploration and HOTs) for reading. The Module is an approach to teaching and learning to read in the attempt to improve reading literacy among Secondary One to Secondary Four school students. The HEBAT module has beenbestablished by the Ministry of Education in preparing students for the PISA Reading Literacy. This module has been developed based on a thematic approach and emphasizes on the techniques and processes of reading as a guide for classroom teaching and learning. Therefore, this paper discusses the literature related to the HEBAT module, the feasibility of the HEBAT module and the 21st century pedagogies as well as Higher Order Thinking Skills (HoTS). Overall, this module has an added value towards teaching and learning of reading of the Malay language. It integrates approaches, covers the strategic aspects of teaching and learning, suggests activities, and provides stimulation and simulating materials as well as learning evaluation projects. Since the module emphasis on 21st century learning and HoTS, this module is an apt choice for the current teaching and learning situation.
Carbon buyers' club: international emissions trading beyond Paris. Bruegel Policy Brief ISSUE 3 | MARCH 2017

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions is more difficult in some countries than in others.\nInternational emissions trading can help to reduce the overall cost of mitigation and\nensure that companies in different countries face the same carbon price. Lower costs and\ntackling competitiveness concerns can enable higher levels of climate ambition. The Paris\nAgreement explicitly provides for international emissions trading, but the rules governing\ntrading still need to be determined. In the absence of strict rules, international emissions\ntrading might become a loophole leading to reduced climate ambition. And because of its\nconsensus requirements, the United Nations process is unlikely to lead to comprehensive\nrules. To fill this gap, the European Union should engage with other nations to determine a
Leading Change: The Military as a Learning Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Leveraging technology and responding to a fundamentally altered external environment has both forced change on the military and offered significant potential for new warfighting concepts. The capacity to effectively absorb such profound change, and exploit such potential, is possible only if the military organization transforms itself to become a learning organization. The difficulties of organizational change and the conservative nature of the military limits its capacity to absorb any revolutionary change or to adapt via rapid evolutionary change in peacetime. That the prospect of such change is threatening to impede the full potential of military organizations is, therefore, cause for concern. A learning organization leads change because it is proactive. It challenges the traditional resistance to change and is confident in acting boldly to confront the unknowns of the future. The essence of such an organization lies in an institutional willingness to learn and a climate of intellectual openness which perpetually challenges the status quo. The military as a learning organization can develop leaders who, by managing the interaction of the fundamentals of vision, culture, and people, can create the conditions necessary for stimulating positive, constructive and perpetual change. As the military seeks to ensure its relevance and success into the future, it must adjust its focus to embrace the operational realities of the future. It must be prepared to let go of what was comfortable about the past if it is no longer relevant. Adapting to change, and rapidly, will be vital to success.
Eco-Systems Biology of Natural Lipid-Accumulating Microbial Communities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological wastewater treatment represents arguably the most widely used biotechnological process on Earth. Due to its high organic load, wastewater represents a potentially interesting energy commodity that is currently not exploited comprehensively. Molecules of particular interest for sustainable bioenergy production are lipids which represent up to 45 % of the organic fraction of wastewater. Within biological wastewater treatment plants, specific lipid accumulating organism (LAO) communities exhibit specialized phenotypes that might be harnessed for the concomitant treatment of wastewater and the production of biodiesel (long chain fatty acid (LCFA) methyl esters). Furthermore, due to the unusual high-density enrichments in the LAO communities, these represent ideal models for the development of relevant high-resolution ecosystems biology methodologies. The main aims are: determining the exact genetic inventories required for excess lipid uptake, storage and processing within lipid accumulating bacterial populations ; determining the metabolic fate of organic molecules (lipids) within LAO communities ; and determining the functional organisation in relation to genetic heterogeneity of lipid accumulating bacterial populations.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Female pelvic floor biomechanics: bridging the gap.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review-The pelvic floor is a complex assembly of connective tissues and striated muscle that simultaneously counteract gravitational forces, inertial forces, and intraabdominal pressures while maintaining the position of the pelvic organs.In 30% of women, injury or failure of the pelvic floor results in pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Surgical treatments have high recurrence rates, due, in part, to a limited understanding of physiologic loading conditions.It is critical to apply biomechanics to help elucidate how altered loading conditions of the pelvis contribute to the development of pelvic organ prolapse and to define surgeries to restore normal support.Recent findings-Evidence suggests the ewe is a potential animal model for studying vaginal properties and that uterosacral and cardinal ligaments experience significant creep, which may be affecting surgical outcomes.A new method of measuring ligament displacements in vivo was developed, and finite element models that simulate urethral support, pelvic floor dynamics, and the impact of episiotomies on the pelvic floor were studied.Summary-This review highlights some contributions over the past year, including mechanical testing and the creation of models, which are used to understand pelvic floor changes with loading, and the impact of surgical procedures, to illustrate how biomechanics is being utilized.
Content Analysis of Newspaper Advertising of Pharmacy Services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pharmacy advertising can influence the image of pharmacists in the minds of the public. Although advertising of pharmaceutical products has been explored in the pharmacy literature, advertising of pharmaceutical services has received little attention. A content analysis was conducted on pharmacy newspaper advertisements to explore messages and images presented to customers about pharmacist services. Pharmacy advertisements were collected from a single newspaper over a five-week period. Nonprescription products and services ads made up more than 99.5% of all space in the 41 pharmacy advertisements. Of the 0.5% devoted to pharmacy service advertising during the 5-week period, the word “pharmacist(s)” was used only 21 times and only 10 images of pharmacists were shown. Service ad content focused on convenience, reimbursement, and pricing issues. Professional pharmacy services such as patient counseling, therapeutic monitoring, or disease management were rarely mentioned.At best, pharmacy newspaper advertising promotes a neutral image of pharmacist services. Further research should examine the image of pharmacists presented in other promotional media.
Credit rating announcements, trading activity and yield spreads: the Spanish evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We test whether different rating announcements contain pricingrelevant information and modify trading activity patterns in the Spanish corporate debt markets. We observe a significant widening of yield spreads in short and longterm corporate debt after reviews of downgrades and negative outlook reports. Additionally, certain rating announcements encourage trading activity even when the information is not pricingrelevant. The release of information arouses investor interest for the involved securities. Thus, trading frequency increases, although largersized transactions, which should denote possible portfolio rebalancing, are not observed. In the shortterm market, trading volumes are found to fade after reviews for downgrade.
Rhizobium freirei sp. nov., a symbiont of Phaseolus vulgaris that is very effective at fixing nitrogen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can establish symbiotic associations with several Rhizobium species; however, the effectiveness of most strains at fixing nitrogen under field conditions is very low. PRF 81 T is a very effective strain, usually referred to as Rhizobium tropici and used successfully in thousands of doses of commercial inoculants for the common bean crop in Brazil; it has shown high rates of nitrogen fixation in all areas representative of the crop in the country. Here, we present results that indicate that PRF 81 T , although it belongs to the ‘ R. tropici group’, which includes 10 Rhizobium species, R. tropici , R. leucaenae , R. lusitanum , R. multihospitium , R. miluonense , R. hainanense , R. calliandrae , R. mayense , R. jaguaris and R. rhizogenes , represents a novel species. Several morpho-physiological traits differentiated PRF 81 T from related species. Differences were also confirmed in the analysis of rep-PCR (sharing less than 45 % similarity with the other species), MLSA with recA , atpD and rpoB genes, and DNA–DNA hybridization. The novel species, for which we propose the name Rhizobium freirei sp. nov., is able to establish effective root nodule symbioses with Phaseolus vulgaris , Leucaena leucocephala , Leucaena esculenta , Crotalaria juncea and Macroptilium atropurpureum . The type strain is PRF 81 T ( = CNPSo 122 T = SEMIA 4080 T = IPR-Pv81 T = WDCM 440 T ).
On-farm management of agricultural diversity in Nepal.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper documents the steps of in-situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity on-farm and the various methods used. It also discusses the rationale of each step, lists important procedures undertaken to accomplish each activity, documents major participatory approaches used to develop activities and share major results, constraints, impact, future directions and recommendations. Genetic erosion of landraces of traditional crops has been predicted as a consequence of technological modernization, climate and social change in centres of crop domestication and diversity. A major objective of in-situ strategies is to maintain evolutionary processes. In-situ conservation of crop plants involves the conservation on-farm of local crop cultivars or landraces with the active participation of farmers. In-situ conservation strategies also promote a broader range of partnerships in conservation efforts as it involves a diversity of stakeholders and objectives. It is also a powerful strategy to integrate farming community into the national plant genetic resources system so that monitoring of genetic resources can be done at the local scale. In order to maintain and use landraces in a sustainable manner, landraces must be competitive with other options a farmer might have and contribute to the food security and possible increase in a farmer’s income.
Characterization and Evaluation of a Novel Nanoporous Gold Biosensor Substrate.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Dilute but powerful biological markers, such as hormones in blood stream, are potent but difficult to detect quickly and accurately using current biosensor technologies. Nanoporous structures offer greatly increased surface area which can be functionalized for use as a biosensor, amplifying throughput and the enhancing the ability to detect small concentrations. With the option for diverse component materials and conformations, a sensor with prescribed properties could be easily incorporated into devices for clinical diagnosis or research applications. This study evaluates the suitability of a nanoporous gold (NPG) wire for use as a biosensing component as a proof of concept through the detailed characterization of the porosity, structural support, and electrical properties of the wires. The nanoporous gold wires were created using electrochemical etching equipment. \n Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to image and evaluate the pores and effectiveness of the etching procedure. Pores were found to be 9.86 Ã‚Â± 4.92 Ã‚Âµm in diameter with a density of 880 pores/Ã‚Âµm2 and only 5% silver remained following etching procedures. The storage capacity of the nanoporous wire annealed to a gold support structure at 15.6 mF/cm, was found to be higher than that of unsupported wires at 10.6 mF/cm. Structurally supported NPG wires also demonstrated a lower resistance (4.2ÃŽÂ© compared to 13.4ÃŽÂ©) owing to the capacitance of the nonporous gold support structure at high frequencies.\n Wires annealed to a gold support structure demonstrated greater mechanical stability and generally more consistent electrical properties. Samples were found highly susceptible to fracture and any coatings vulnerable to denaturing with extensive transport, handling, and testing. Some cross-contamination of samples was detected. Most contamination effects were minimal and confined to materials used in the manufacturing process. \n Future investigation should include other support structure conformations, functionalizing samples, and performing biocompatibility testing. NPG wires demonstrate potential for environmental applications and as medical device component, but have not yet been evaluated for direct-contact in vivo applications. The brittleness of the material necessitates that it be used in conjunction with other support structures; however the material provides interesting electrical properties, a good base for the adhesion of biomolecules, and a thorough porosity.
Prevention of Biofouling Due to Water Absorption of Natural Fiber Composites in the Aquatic Environment: A Critical Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Introducing lignocellulosic fibers as the matrix reinforcement in composites is an opportunity for weight reduction and also for the use of by-products and biomass waste from other systems, such as agriculture and textiles. In the case of nautical applications, biofouling, meaning damage during service by marine organisms, represents a significant issue. To address this problem, a number of measures can be taken: these include the introduction of various types of fillers, mainly mineral, in composites, tailored treatment of fibers, and hybrid approaches, including a number of different modifications, such as matrix or fiber grafting. This review reports the state of the art in the various studies carried out to elucidate the performance of natural fiber composites and hybrids as regards water absorption and more specifically exposure to seawater for a prolonged time so as to simulate service conditions. The perspectives on the use of natural fiber composites (NFCs) in aquatic environments will be discussed with respect to the possible onset of degradation by biofouling.
Two-step minimization approach to Sobolev-type inequality with bounded potential in 1D

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a new method to determine the best constant of the Sobolev-type embedding in one dimension with a norm including a bounded inhomogeneous potential term. This problem is closely connected to the Green function of the Schrödinger operator with inhomogeneous potential. A minimization problem of a Rayleigh-type quotient in a Sobolev space gives the best constant of the Sobolev embedding. We decompose the minimization problem into two sub-minimization problems and show that the Green function provides the minimizer of the first minimization problem. Then, it enables us to derive a new precise estimate of the best constant and function for inhomogeneous bounded potential cases. As applications, we give some examples of the inhomogeneous potential whose best constant and function of the Sobolev-type embedding are explicitly determined.
Basti Karma: Standard Guidelines of Good Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, gives fundamental importance to the integrity of the innertransport system of the human body classically described as Srotas  Srotomayam hi Shariram. The Srotamsi are inherently exposed to internal and external morbid factors
and are likely to lose their integrity due to the day to day wear and tear , process of aging, impending disease and environmental pollution. Hence it is imperative to plan a periodical cleansing and bio purification of the Srotamsi to ensure their structural and functional integrity. It is in this perspective that Ayurveda postulates the concept of Samshodhana therapy both for promotive-preventive as well as for curative purposes. Popular Panchakarma therapy is essentially the therapeutic technology of Samshodhan Karma.
Application of complex cepstrum filter in TDR waveform analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate measurement of traveling time on TDR probe is important to apparent permittivity test in TDR measurement system. TDR measurement waveform is composed of first main reflection and multi-reflections. Complex cepstrum filter can separate the first main reflection from the echo like multi-reflection waveforms of the original data. In this paper, multi-reflection model of TDR measurement system is illustrated and the TDR waveform is analyzed in complex cepstrum domain. After filtered in cepstrum domain, the first main reflection of TDR measurement is separated from original waveform. The simulated waveforms is calculated by TDR main reflection and multi-reflection model. The simulated waveform is close to the original waveform measured by TDR device. The experiment results of tap water, alcohol and soil sample show that filtering in cepstrum domain can achieve accurate apparent permittivity.
Lysophosphatidic acid promotes phorbol-ester-induced apoptosis in TF-1 cells by interfering with adhesion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

When exposed to PMA, the erythroblastic cell line TF-1 and its cytokine-independent variant D2 cells can be induced to undergo differentiation and apoptosis. In this study we investigated the mechanism responsible for the differential responses to PMA induction and show that serum present in the medium has a major role in promoting PMA-induced apoptosis in TF-1 and D2 cells. Interestingly, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) could replace serum to co-operate with PMA in inducing apoptosis via the Rho-dependent pathway. The expression of a constitutively active form of RhoA also increased PMA-induced apoptosis. However, by inhibiting adhesion, most cells underwent PMA-induced apoptosis even in the absence of LPA or serum, indicating that adhesion is required for PMA-induced differentiation. Given that LPA could prevent adhesion for cells maintained in the serum-free medium, here we propose that RhoA has a switching role in determining whether TF-1 and D2 cells undergo differentiation or apoptosis in response to PMA, by modulating cell adhesion.
The Analysis and Application of Oleaginous Yeast for the Improvement of Oil Self-Sufficiency Ratio in Japan: Important Genes Relating to Lipid Biosynthesis in Oleaginous Yeast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

油脂自給率が僅か12%の日本の油脂産業の維持と発展は,海外からの油脂資源確保に大きく依存する.このままでは世界の油脂市場の環境,国策,相場に左右されることから油脂自給率改善は必須である.われわれのグループは,この問題の解決策の一つとして,地域バイオマス由来の糖を原料とした油脂酵母による油脂生産に注目した.油脂酵母Lipomyces starkeyiは,さまざまな糖を資化し,油脂を細胞内に85%以上蓄積できるユニークな酵母である.本稿では,油脂酵母の油脂蓄積変異株の取得,油脂生合成経路の遺伝子発現比較解析を介した油脂生合成重要遺伝子の同定,さらに実用化へ向けた油脂酵母研究の現状と今後について解説する.
Adaptor protein complexes and disease at a glance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adaptor protein (AP) complexes are heterotetramers that select cargo for inclusion into transport vesicles. Five AP complexes (AP-1 to AP-5) have been described, each with a distinct localisation and function. Furthermore, patients with a range of disorders, particularly involving the nervous system, have now been identified with mutations in each of the AP complexes. In many cases this has been correlated with aberrantly localised membrane proteins. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize what is known about the five AP complexes and discuss how this helps to explain the clinical features of the different genetic disorders.