jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Concentrated and Intensifying Humid Heat Extremes in the IPCC AR6 Regions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Extreme humid heat events have seen rapid increases globally in recent decades, but regional changes and higher‐order temporal characteristics, such as interannual and intra‐annual clustering, have not been widely explored. Using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019, we find increasing trends of varying magnitudes in extreme wet‐bulb temperatures at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6) regional scale. In many locations, interannual variations in extremes show a strong relationship with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. The temporal proximity of precipitation events to humid heat days in arid regions suggests that local moisture effects may lead to clustering. Knowledge of these spatial and temporal patterns aids in understanding how potential heat stress is increasing, as well as facilitates the development of regionally specific adaptation and mitigation strategies for combating the associated societal impacts.
Mathematical modeling of the metrical parameters of hexagonal close-packed metalls

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The electronic, magnetic, mechanical and other properties of crystalline substances are due to the feature of their structure — the periodicity and symmetry of the lattice, therefore, the determination of the metrical parameters is an important stage in the study of the characteristics of such materials. The paper considers a number of metals having a crystal lattice of the hcp structural type (hexagonal close packing) – beryllium, cerium, cobalt, dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, hafnium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, magnesium, neodymium, osmium, praseodymium, rhenium, ruthenium, scandium, terbium, titanium, thallium, thulium, yttrium, zirconium. The paper shows the application of the annealing simulation algorithm to find the metric parameters of the materials under consideration using the dense packing model, which is widely used in crystallographic calculations. The own software implementation of the annealing simulation algorithm presented in the paper makes it possible to determine the coordinates of the atoms included in the unit cell of the crystal lattice, to calculate the lattice constants and the packing density of atoms in the cell of the crystal of the hcp structural type, using the given chemical formula and space symmetry group. These structural characteristics can be used as input parameters in modeling the electronic, magnetic, and other properties of the considered materials. The paper compares the values of the crystal lattice constants obtained as a result of numerical simulation with published data.
Outlaw, hackers, victorian amateurs: diagnosing public participation in the life sciences today

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay reflects on three figures that can be used to make sense of the changing nature of public participation in the life sciences today: outlaws, hackers and Victorian gentlemen. Occasioned by a symposium held at UCLA (Outlaw Biology: Public Participation in the Age of Big Bio), the essay introduces several different modes of participation (DIY Bio, Bio Art, At home clinical genetics, patient advocacy and others) and makes three points: 1) that public participation is first a problem of legitimacy, not legality or safety; 2) that public participation is itself enabled by and thrives on the infrastructure of mainstream biology; and 3) that we need a new set of concepts (other than inside/outside) for describing the nature of public participation in biological research and innovation today.
A Study on the Perception of Research Competency of Students and Leaders in the Research Education Program for Students Attending Gifted High School for Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구에서는 과학영재 고등학생들을 대상으로 학생연구 프로그램을 제공하여 학생들의 연구역량 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 학생과 지도자의 인식차이를 비교하였다. 이를 위해 학생연구 프로그램에 참여한 학생들에게 사전, 사후 연구역량에 대해 자가진단하여 응답하도록 하였고, 지도자에게는 직접 지도했던 학생들의 연구역량에 대하여 평가하고 응답하도록 하였다. 설문에 응답한 학생은 과학고 164명, 영재학교 60명으로 총 224명이고, 참여한 지도자는 과학기술특성화대학의 교수 27명과 대학원생 49명이다. 연구역량은 연구단계와 학습목표에 따라 기초연구역량, 사전연구역량, 집중연구역량, 사후연구역량 4개 하위요인으로 구분하여 5점 Likert 척도로 응답하도록 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생연구 프로그램 통해 학생들의 연구역량은 효과적으로 증가하였다. 둘째, 과학고등학교 학생들이 영재학교 학생들보다 본인의 연구역량이 높다고 인식하였고, 교육적 효과도 더 큰 것으로 인식하였다. 셋째, 학생과 지도자의 인식을 비교한 결과, 학생이 인식한 본인의 연구역량이 지도자가 평가한 연구역량보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 과학영재 고등학생들에게 요구되는 연구역량에 대한 이해와 이를 바탕으로 연구교육 프로그램 운영을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.
Robotic Automation in Rubber Processing: Improving Safety and Productivity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study examines the effect of robotic automation on productivity and safety in the rubber processing sector. The primary goals were to evaluate the advantages of robotic integration, do a cost-benefit analysis, and investigate the implications of the adoption policy. A thorough literature research, case study analysis, and industry expert interviews were all part of the process. Important discoveries show that robotic automation considerably improves workplace safety by lowering the risks associated with manual labor and chemical exposure. Continuous operation, precision production, and enhanced quality control contributed to productivity gains. The cost-benefit analysis shows significant long-term labor cost savings and improved productivity. The policy implications underscore the significance of labor training, legislative assistance, and technological integration in enabling extensive adoption. The revolutionary potential of robotic automation in rubber processing is highlighted by this study, which provides policymakers and industry stakeholders with ideas on how to use technology to promote competitiveness and sustainable growth.
NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF Failure PERIODS FOR Log normal DISTRIBUTION USING BOOTSTRAP

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract \nA non-parametric kernel method with Bootstrap technology was used to estimate the confidence intervals of the system failure function of the log-normal distribution trace data. These are the times of failure of the machines of the spinning department of the weaving company in Wasit Governorate. Estimating the failure function in a parametric way represented by the method of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). The comparison between the parametric and non-parametric methods was done by using the average of Squares Error (MES) criterion. It has been noted the efficiency of the nonparametric methods based on Bootstrap compared to the parametric method. It was also noted that the curve estimation is more realistic and appropriate for the real data.
Interfacial adhesion of fibre matrix by using single fibre pullout evaluation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This report focuses on the interfacial shear stress properties of the matrix fibre interface. Different treatment of the matrix, primer and fibre interface were experimented to evaluate the effect of each of the experimental parameter on the overall interfacial shear strength of the fibre – matrix interface. The experiment uses the micro bond set up to evaluate the interfacial shear strength of the samples, embedding a resin matrix droplet onto a prepared carbon fibre. The droplet is sheared off the fibre by applied a force via the use of micro – vice. Further examination of post-experimented samples is also conducted to identify shear failure type as well as understand the surface topology of the samples due to different primer types. The experiments conclude the most effective primer coat in increasing interfacial shear strength being Silane primer. The effect of the introduction of carbon nanotubes into the matrix system is also tested; with the percentage weight composition of 0.1% carbon nanotubes introduced being the most effective. Surface treatment of the fibre with liquid nitrogen is concluded to present insignificant effect to the overall interfacial shear strength.
Additional file 2 of Complete genomic sequence and phylogenomics analysis of Agrobacterium strain AB2/73: a new Rhizobium species with a unique mega-Ti plasmid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Core genome phylogenetic tree. A phylogenetic tree of 125 Agrobacterium, Allorhizobium, Rhizobium and Neorhizobium species was inferred based on the concatenated protein alignments of 1165 single-copy genes. Ochrobactrum strain LBA8980 was used as an outgroup. The tree’s branch colors are used in the color bars of the heatmaps (Fig. 4, Figs. S3, S4 and S5) and in the replicon sizes bar chart (Fig. S6) to indicate corresponding genomes. NB, not every clade contains equally closely related bacterial species. The R. leguminosarum/R. indicum clade consists of rather closely related species (short branch lengths), in contrast to the orange and purple clades which have rather long branch lengths, but were not further subdivided in order to keep a clear view. The red clade, besides all Agrobacterium species, contains a number of Rhizobium species. This is not unexpected, since of these, Rhizobium pusense and Rhizobium oryzihabitans harbor (like A. tumefaciens and A. fabrum) a linear chromosome and R. pusense has also been named Agrobacterium genomospecies G2. Rhizobium sp. NIBRBAC000502774 shows a strange pattern in the heatmaps (Fig. 3, Figs. S3, S4 and S5). Detailed investigation of this genome assembly was beyond the scope of this study, but in the genome taxonomy database (GTDB) it is listed as an Agrobacterium species, with a CheckM completeness score of only 84.09%.
How to use feedback, advice and judgement after an exam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Name: Barbara Bekhof Main Subject: Viola Research Coach: Susan Williams Title of Research: How to use feedback, advice and judgement after an exam Research Question: How can feedback, advice and judgement be used in such a way, that it contributes to the learning process of the students? Summary of Results: This research paper is to conclude the study at the Royal Conservatory. This paper answers the question of how to use feedback, advice and judgments during an exam, and during the preparation of it. Feedback is information about how we are doing in our efforts to reach a goal. Important when giving feedback is that the learner is aware of receiving the feedback, and that the comments are objective. Advice is an opinion or recommendation offered as a guide to action. Important when giving advice is that the person receiving the advice is willing to receive advice and understands on what feedback the advice is based. A value judgment is a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something or someone, or of the usefulness of something or someone, based on a comparison or other relativity. Judgement is an important part of an exam. For students it is important to know what the criteria are, and towards what they have to work to. To understand more of the learning process, different aspects of playing a string instrument are discussed in the fifth chapter. These aspects are technical facility, musicality and performance quality. The different phases in a musician’s preparation are discussed in the sixth chapter. From learning the score till mastering a piece. In this research all those aspects are combined to offer a guideline for juries and guideline for teachers during the preparation. Recommended for the examinations of the Royal Conservatoire would be to draw up a set of criteria, which are clear for the students and for the teachers who will grade the students. Biography: Barbara Bekhof (1991) first started playing the violin at age 6. From age 12 she attended the external preliminary program of the Royal Conservatoire, where she was taught by Koosje van Haeringen and from 2008 viola with Liesbeth Steffens. After graduating from the gymnasium, she went on to study Building Engineering at the TU Delft, while simultaneously continuing the viola. In 2013 she received her bachelor diplomas for both Building Engineering as Viola. Her masters at the Royal Conservatoire enabled her to go on exchange to the Haute Ecole de Musique in Lausanne, where she studied under the renowned violist Alexander Zemtsov. After her return, she continued her master with Michael Zemtsov, as well as the master Urbanism at the TU Delft.
Neo‐extractivism, (de)growth and resurgent pink tide governments in Latin America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The 21st century in Latin America began with a widespread shift to the left politically, a phenomenon called the ‘pink tide’. Following a period of right‐wing re‐ascendancy, left wing governments are again gaining traction across the continent. This article analyses the end of the last pink tide via a dialogue between the post‐extractivism and degrowth literature by examining Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil. This is done through a look at the impacts of both economic growth as a normative policy aim and extractivism as the engine to produce this growth on political developments in these countries. In the tradition of Gramsci this is interpreted as a hegemonic force, recast here as growth‐through‐extraction, that serves to perpetuate the interests of wealthy classes despite political changes. This article concludes with a brief analysis of how academic debates and political processes have moved on since Escobar 2015 and what this might mean for the new left‐wing governments of Latin America.
Ultramorphological studies on the lingual papillae of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in relation to its feeding habits

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The distribution and structure of the lingual papillae on rabbit tongue were studied in relation to its feeding habits by means of light and scanning electron microscopy.The tongue of rabbit is of about 5 cm in length and 9 mm in width.The dorsal surface of the tongue is differentiated into four regions according to the nature of papillae; apex, body, lingual torus (intermolar prominence) and root.On the surface of the apex and body of the tongue there are four main types of papillae: filiform, fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae.The filiform one can be differentiated morphologically into five sub types of variable size and shape according to their location.Fungiform papillae are numerous on the anterior part of the tongue.They are elliptical or circular in shape and embedded in between filiform ones.In this region both filiform and fungiform are devoid of taste buds indicating their mechanoreceptive function.Two oval vallate papillae with numerous taste buds are situated on the side wall of the tongue root, elucidating their chemoreceptive role.A Pair of patches having well developed foliate papillae is observed in the latero-posterior part of the tongue.Each is oval in shape and has several parallel papillae lacking taste buds and may separate by shallow grooves.Histological observation indicates keratinization of the dorsal surface of the tongue with variable degrees.
Computer-aided detection of lung cancer: combining pulmonary nodule detection systems with a tumor risk prediction model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) has been shown to be a promising tool for automatic detection of pulmonary nodules from computed tomography (CT) images. However, the vast majority of detected nodules are benign and do not require any treatment. For effective implementation of lung cancer screening programs, accurate identification of malignant nodules is the key. We investigate strategies to improve the performance of a CAD system in detecting nodules with a high probability of being cancers. Two strategies were proposed: (1) combining CAD detections with a recently published lung cancer risk prediction model and (2) the combination of multiple CAD systems. First, CAD systems were used to detect the nodules. Each CAD system produces markers with a certain degree of suspicion. Next, the malignancy probability was automatically computed for each marker, given nodule characteristics measured by the CAD system. Last, CAD degree of suspicion and malignancy probability were combined using the product rule. We evaluated the method using 62 nodules which were proven to be malignant cancers, from 180 scans of the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial. The malignant nodules were considered as positive samples, while all other findings were considered negative. Using a product rule, the best proposed system achieved an improvement in sensitivity, compared to the best individual CAD system, from 41.9% to 72.6% at 2 false positives (FPs)/scan and from 56.5% to 88.7% at 8 FPs/scan. Our experiment shows that combining a nodule malignancy probability with multiple CAD systems can increase the performance of computerized detection of lung cancer.
Dynamically-optimized context in recommender systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional approaches to recommender systems have not taken into account situational information when making recommendations, and this seriously limits the relevance of the results. This paper advocates context-awareness as a promising approach to enhance the performance of recommenders, and introduces a mechanism to realize this approach. We present a framework that separates the contextual concerns from the actual recommendation module, so that contexts can be readily shared across applications. More importantly, we devise a learning algorithm to dynamically identify the optimal set of contexts for a specific recommendation task and user. An extensive series of experiments has validated that our system is indeed able to learn both quickly and accurately.
Perceived effectiveness of supply chain management and workforce education and training

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Using a qualitative comparative analysis as the interpretive approach, this research investigation examined the perceived relationship between the effectiveness of supply chain management and workforce educating and training. Participants in the study included decision-makers from various industry types, sizes and locations throughout the United States. These participants took part in one-on-one interviews that attempted to address the following research questions: (1) What is the perception within the organization of supply chain effectiveness? (2) Does a well-educated and trained workforce play a significant role in the organizations success? (3) Does the leadership communicate commitment to education and training? (4) Is there a perceived link between a well-educated and well-trained workforce and the organizations success? (5) Is the workforce more likely to be innovative, productive, and engaged in problem solving when company leadership openly communicates and rewards their accomplishments? (6) What is the significance and role of maintaining a high-performance workforce in a competitive global economy? The analysis of data included the one-on-one interviews and flow-up surveys responses that resulted in meaningful clustering of research related themes. These themes included supply chain effectiveness, workforce education and training, leadership communication and commitment, the perceived link of education and training and organizational success, problem solving and rewards and the competitive global economy. The outcomes of the study provided confirmation of the significance of both supply chain management effectiveness and education and training in industry sustainability and success. This contribution includes a listing of industry implications and recommendations, as well as suggestions for future research studies.
Th17 Cells Induce Th1-Polarizing Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In chronically inflamed tissues, such as those affected by autoimmune disease, activated Th cells often colocalize with monocytes. We investigate in this study how murine Th cells influence the phenotype and function of monocytes. The data demonstrate that Th1, Th2, and Th17 subsets promote the differentiation of autologous monocytes into MHC class II+, CD11b+, CD11c+ DC that we call DCTh. Although all Th subsets induce the formation of DCTh, activated Th17 cells uniquely promote the formation of IL-12/IL-23–producing DCTh (DCTh17) that can polarize both naive and Th17 cells to a Th1 phenotype. In the inflamed CNS of mice with Th17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Th cells colocalize with DC, as well as monocytes, and the Th cells obtained from these lesions drive the formation of DCTh that are phenotypically indistinguishable from DCTh17 and polarize naive T cells toward a Th1 phenotype. These results suggest that DCTh17 are critical in the interplay of Th17- and Th1-mediated responses and may explain the previous finding that IL-17–secreting Th cells become IFN-γ–secreting Th1 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and other autoimmune disorders.
Developing Expected Learning Outomes for the Bachelor of Business Administration Program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Educational standards are extremely important to educational sector worldwide because they could be used to ensure that all students attain their educational goals.To reach high educational standards, expected learning outcomes should not only be clear, measurable, and achievable, but also should reflect the needs of stakeholders.This could assist students to achieve employability.The purpose of this paper is to develop expected learning outcomes for the Bachelor of Business Administration Program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University (Pattani Campus), Thailand (a developing country in Southeast Asia).The development of expected learning outcomes is in accordance with the concept of outcome based education and international standards of education (such as the ASEAN University Network Quality Assurance and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business).This study collected data from the participants who were core stakeholders and non-core stakeholders using the questionnaire with open-ended questions.The categorization of stakeholders into two groups was based on the criterion used in this study.Qualitative method was adopted to thematically categorize and analyze the data.This study found that there were nine items of expected learning outcomes for the Bachelor of Business Administration Program.These expected learning outcomes included generic outcomes and subject specific outcomes that could be used to guide teaching and learning approach as well as student assessment of the program.Since the expected learning outcomes developed in this study were based on stakeholders' needs of the Bachelor of Business Administration Program located in Southernmost Thailand, they may not be generalized to other educational programs or other regions.