jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship of mildly increased albuminuria and coronary artery revascularization outcomes in patients with diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of albuminuria to cardiovascular disease outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing treatment for stable coronary artery disease. Methods and results We analyzed data from 2176 participants of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in type‐2 diabetes (BARI‐2D) trial, a randomized clinical trial comparing Percutaneous coronary intervention/Coronary artery bypass grafting (PCI/CABG) to medical therapy for people with diabetes. The population was stratified by baseline spot urine albumin–creatinine ratio (uACR) into normal (uACR <10 mg/g), mildly (uACR ≥10 mg/g < 30 mg/g), moderately (uACR ≥30 mg/g < 300 mg/g) and severely increased (uACR ≥300 mg/g) groups, and outcomes compared between groups. Death, myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke were experienced by 489 patients at a mean follow‐up of 4.3 ± 1.5 years. Compared with normal uACR, mildly increased uACR was associated with a 1.4 times ( P = 0.042) increase in all‐cause mortality. Additionally, nonwhites with type‐II diabetes and stable coronary artery disease who had mildly increased albuminuria had a Hazard ratio (HR) of 3.3 times ( P = 0.028) for cardiovascular death, 3.1 times for ( P = 0.002) all‐cause mortality, and two times for ( P = 0.015) MI during follow‐up. Conclusions Mildly increased albuminuria is a significant predictor of all‐cause mortality in those with type‐II diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease, as well as for cardiovascular events those who are nonwhites.
Spectra of electroluminescence in XLPE due to impulse voltage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The role of electrical charges injected into crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) due to impulse voltage is studied with the electroluminescence (EL) technique. It is shown that EL emission depends on the repetition frequency and the number of consecutive impulses initially applied to the polymer. The spectra of EL emitted by XLPE are in the visible and the ultraviolet ranges.
Pulmonary Cavities following Blunt Chest Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the most common cause of chest injuries. In this case report, a 17-year-old male presented with left-sided chest pain and hemoptysis after an RTA. Radiological investigations showed a left-sided pneumothorax with multiple cavities in the left lower lobe of the lung and surrounding ground glass opacities, which was suggestive of pulmonary lacerations. We managed the patient conservatively and followed up after 1 month. The computed tomography thorax showed near-complete radiological resolution after 1 month. In all patients with injuries to the chest, we have to suspect pulmonary lacerations, which can present with cavities in the lung parenchyma, and manage them accordingly. As demonstrated in this case, a pulmonary laceration following a RTA can present with pulmonary cavities. Hence, this should be kept in mind during the management of the patient with a chest wall injury.
Creanalytics: Automating the supercut as a form of critical technical practice

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the notion of critical technical practice and its resonances with recent debates in digital film and media scholarship, in this article I outline a type of computational practice that aims to couple the relational-analytic powers of machine learning with the explanatory-creative powers of visual narrative. I provisionally call this approach creanalytics. To enact this coupling, I designed a system to annotate and classify a large corpus of film clips, automatically extract fragments from this corpus, and edit them into new compositions, rendered into a computational supercut, which I go on to argue can be understood as the minimal expression of a broader emergent form of media: the computational video essay. Below I describe the most salient technical aspects of this system, analyse the principles of its design, and discuss the methodological and conceptual possibilities of its use as a format that mediates between critics and their networked environments, and between individual media artefacts, their parts, and the larger collections to which they belong.
Early Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-DNA and Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in Ramp-Up Phase of Viremia: Implications for Performance Evaluation of Blood Screening Assays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Common Specifications/EU 2017/746 regulation for market approval of class D in vitro diagnostic devices (IVDs) intended for detection of blood borne viruses requires testing of the International Standard and 10–30 seroconversion panels to demonstrate ‘state of the art’ assay performance. We examined whether these requirements for performance evaluation are reasonable for HBV-DNA and HBsAg assays. For this purpose, we quantified HBsAg and HBV-DNA (genotype A) in the ramp-up phase of five seroconversion panels and demonstrated a remarkably parallel increase in the Log concentration of both analytes over time. Testing of seroconversion panels by three nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) methods in multiple replicates and probit analysis with sufficient critical samples from all five panels taken together showed detection limits in copies/mL that were comparable to those on a HBV-DNA genotype A standard dilution panel. This indicates that the viral doubling time in the ramp-up phase is equal above and below the quantification limit of the viral load assay. The geometric mean HBsAg (PRISM) cutoff crossing point was 20 days later than the 50% NAT (Ultrio Plus) conversion point equivalent to 1500 (range: 1100–2200) and 4.8 (CI: 3.7–6.4) HBV-DNA copies/mL, respectively. Analytical sensitivity data of different NAT assay versions obtained over a decade demonstrated that the detection limit on the International Standard is not representative of all genotyped reference samples. From our detailed mathematical analysis, we conclude that HBV-DNA and HBsAg standard dilution series are functionally equivalent to seroconversion panels. A general requirement of a 95% detection limit ≤100 HBV-DNA copies/mL for different viral genotypes would be a better-defined regulation for EU market approval of NAT blood screening assays than the testing of multiple seroconversion panels to claim ‘state of the art’ performance.
Some prospective observations on recent outbreak of typhoid fever in West Bengal.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was designed to study the clinical behaviour of a recent epidemic of typhoid fever in West Bengal. Of 46 cases studied, 67% (31) had chloramphenicol resistant typhoid fever. The chloramphenicol-resistant cases were comparatively severe in nature with higher complication and mortality rates. Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol were also resistant to ampicillin, cloxaxillin and cotrimoxazole. Strains of Salmonella typhi sensitive to chloramphenicol retained their sensitivity to these other antimicrobials.
New dammarane-type triterpenoids from the whole plant of Euphorbia hypericifolia

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Euphorhypenoids A (1) and B (2), two new dammarane-type triterpenoids, along with four known tetracyclic triterpenoids (3−6), were isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia hypericifolia. The structures of new compounds were mainly elucidated by a series of extensive spectroscopic methods, including HR-ESI-MS, NMR, IR, and UV. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation at concentrations of 10 − 200 µM.
The effects of drugs and denervation on removal and accumulation of adrenaline in the perfused hind-limb of the dog.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Removal of adrenaline by the perfused hind-limb of the dog, as well as its accumulation in the femoral artery and saphenous vein, were studied. Saturation of accumulation occurred at the dose level of 1.5 microng/kg.min-1, whereas removal was not saturated at the dose of 4.5 microng/kg.min-1. Removal of adrenaline was significantly reduced by pretreatment with cortexone, cocaine, phenoxybenzamine and reserpine or by surgical denervation of the limb; enzymatic inhibition by iproniazid or U-0521 had no significant effect on removal. Denervation, reserpine and cortex-one blocked the accumulation of adrenaline, whereas U-0521 was the only drug to increase accumulation of adrenaline. The blood vessels perfused have shown a high capacity of removal of adrenaline from the circulating blood, and thus may play an important role in termination of action of both exogenous and adrenal adrenaline.
Preparing Tomorrow's Principals: Meeting Emerging Challenges.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines proposed changes in a principal-preparation program in a medium-sized state university. The report discusses the implications of national and state standards for school leaders on program quality, :Iv.scribes the design ana initial implementation .3.1_ a longitudinal study instituted to assess student perceptions of program value and usefulness, and seeks to generate a dialogue with colleagues interested in principal preparation. The article is based on a multiple-case study. In the pilot phase, data were gathered by asking students to complete a short survey providing demographic data and information about the value of their program. Then, selected students discussed their experiences in the program. Focus groups, student writings, program documents, and researcher reflection on program changes were also used to accumulate information. The study provided rich descriptive data regarding the experience of students, but these data were limited in that they could not be generalized to other programs--the data identified specific student perspectives on the value of selected administrator-preparation programs but were limited by the students' uniqueness. Future studies should explore the appropriate balance between theoretical issues of school leadership and the practical learning necessary for success as a school leader. (Contains 46 references.) (RJM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1TM M PREPARING TOMORROW'S PRINCIPALS: Meeting Emerging Challenges Ronald D. Williamson, Ed.D. Department of Educational Leadership and Cultural Foundations University of North Carolina at Greensboro PO Box 26171 Greensboro, NC 27402-6171 (336) 334-3468 e-mail: RDWILLI2@UNCG.edu U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER has been I reproduced (1 ,(This document as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. ° Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 Martha Hudson, Ed.D. Department of Educational Leadership and Cultural Foundations University of North Carolina at Greensboro PO Box 26171 Greensboro, NC 27402-6171 (336) 334 -34E5 email:. MBHUDSON @UNCG.edu American Educational Research Association Annual Conference Montreal, PQ, Canada April 19-23, 1999
Exploiting FIFO Scheduler to Improve Parallel Garbage Collection Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies have found that parallel garbage collection performs worse with more CPUs and more collector threads. As part of this work, we further investigate this enomenon and find that poor scalability is worst in highly scalable Java applications. Our investigation to find the causes clearly reveals that efficient multi-threading in an application can prolong the average object lifespan, which results in less effective garbage collection. We also find that prolonging lifespan is the direct result of Linux's Completely Fair Scheduler due to its round-robin like behavior that can increase the heap contention between the application threads. Instead, if we use pseudo first-in-first-out to schedule application threads in large multicore systems, the garbage collection scalability is significantly improved while the time spent in garbage collection is reduced by as much as 21%. The average execution time of the 24 Java applications used in our study is also reduced by 11%. Based on this observation, we propose two approaches to optimally select scheduling policies based on application scalability profile. Our first approach uses the profile information from one execution to tune the subsequent executions. Our second approach dynamically collects profile information and performs policy selection during execution.
Use Of The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator To Differentiate Between Conduct Disordered, Emotionally Disturbed, And Clinically Normal Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated whether conduct disordered and emotionally disturbed students demonstrate different temperament dimensions, personality characteristics and temperaments from each other and students who are categorized as clinically normal. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to 172 regular junior/senior high school students, 21 conduct disordered and 32 emotionally disturbed students. Results of comparisons between conduct disordered and emotionally disturbed and clinically normal students were inconclusive for several reasons: insufficient numbers of emotionally handicapped subjects; possible contamination within the categories of the conduct disordered and emotionally disturbed; and lack of correspondence between the two normative groups. At the same time, significant variation did occur between emotionally disturbed subjects and their normal peers in all areas investigated. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the MBTI may possess sufficient discriminative power to effect certain differentiations between emotionally disturbed and conduct disordered adolescents and the clinically normal.
5 / Outbreak of zoonotic sporotrichosis in Southern Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Given the geographic expansion of sporotrichosis in Brazil in the last decades and it zoonotic importance in public health, this study aimed to describe an outbreak of the disease in humans associated with the increase in feline sporotrichosis cases in the last five years. Methods: A retrospective study was performed including all human and feline sporotrichosis cases diagnosed at the Mycology Lab from Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), and/or notified to the Zoonosis Control Center (ZCC) of Municipal Health Secretary (MHS) of Pelotas (RS, Brazil), between October 2012 and October 2017. Only proved cases, defined as those that had Sporothrix spp. growth in mycological culture of clinical samples were included. Clinic-epidemiological data of the patients were collected accessing the databases of the Mycology Lab (FaMed-FURG) and of the ZCC-SMS Pelotas, as well as by checking the Medical Records Service (SAME) of HU-FURG. Results: Across the five-years studied, a total of 101 human sporotrichosis cases were diagnosed in the South region of RS, Brazil, corresponding to an average of 20 cases per year. The number of cases reported each year was not the same, ranging from eight to 27 cases. Patients were mostly women (62.4%) and adults (81.5%) with a mean age of 40 years (ranging between 2 and 83 years). Fixed and lymphocutaneous lesions were predominant (73.3%), with impairment of hands and/or arms in 73% of the cases (n=54), followed by face (n=11) and legs (n=09). Data concerning the source of infection was available in 91 patients (90.1%), being the zoonotic transmission responsible for 93.4%, with patient narrative of scratch, bite and/or contact with sick cats. In fact, 78.8% (26/33) of these Sporothrix sp. humans isolates submitted to PCR were identified as S. brasiliensis. Regarding feline sporotrichosis, 375 cases were diagnosed in the same period in south region of RS, corresponding to about 75 cases/year. An increase of 120% in numbers of cases occurred when comparing the first with the last year studied. Almost a half of felines (56%) evaluated showed the disseminated form of the disease, and considering 153 animals in which data concerning outcome was available, 35% of them died. Regarding epidemiological data 75% of the felines were males, 63% not castrated and 95% had access to the streets, highlighting their high potential on the disease transmission and dissemination. Conclusion: The increase in feline sporotrichosis cases, associated with the human sporotrichosis outbreak described, majority of them with zoonotic transmission, shows that the epidemiological situation of the disease in South region of RS, Brazil, is extreme worrying to public health, which may take severe proportions in future years.
Use of airborne polarimetric SAR, optical and elevation data for mapping and monitoring of salt marsh vegetation habitats

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Within the Copernicus programme there is much interest in the ability of remote sensing technology to deliver operational solutions to many areas of life including environmental management. This paper describes research focused on the application of Earth Observation for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. The main topic of this research is to explore to which extent salt marsh vegetation habitats can be identified from polarimetric SAR remotely sensed data. Multi-frequency, multi-polarimetric SAR images from airborne (S- and X-Band quad-polarimetric from the Astrium airborne SAR Demonstrator) is used to examine salt marsh habitat classification potential in the Llanrhidian salt marshes in South Wales, UK. This is achieved by (1) using both supervised and unsupervised classification routines, using several polarimetric SAR data layers as backscatter intensity, band ratios and polarimetric decomposition products, and by (2) statistical analysis by regression of these different SAR data layers and botanical parameters acquired from recent ecological fieldwork.
Bioaccumulation and Metabolic Effects of the Endocrine Disruptor Methoprene in the Lobster

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

SYNOPSIS. Methoprene is a pesticide that acts as a juvenile hormone agonist. Although developed initially against insects, it has since been shown to have toxic effects on larval and adult crustaceans. Methoprene was one of several pesticides applied to the Western Long Island Sound (WLIS) watershed area during the summer of 1999; the other pesticides were malathion, resmethrin, and sumethrin. These pesticides were applied as part of a county-by-county effort to control the mosquito vector of West Nile Virus. Subsequently, the seasonal lobster catches from the WLIS have decreased dramatically. The lethality of the pesticides to lobsters had been unknown. We studied the effects of methoprene while other investigators studied effects of the other pesticides. We questioned whether methoprene, through its effects on larvae, adults or both, could have contributed to this decline. We found that low levels of methoprene had adverse effects on lobster larvae. It was toxic to stage II larvae at 1 ppb. Stage IV larvae were more resistant, but did exhibit significant increases in molt frequency beginning at exposures of 5 ppb. Juvenile lobsters exhibited variations in tissue susceptibility to methoprene: hepatopancreas appeared to be the most vulnerable, reflected by environmental concentrations of methoprene inhibiting almost all protein synthesis in this organ. Our results indicated that methoprene concentrates in the hepatopancreas, nervous tissue and epidermal cells of the adult lobster. Methoprene altered the synthesis and incorporation of chitoproteins (cuticle proteins) into adult postmolt lobster explant shells. SDS PAGE analyses of adult post-molt shell extracts revealed changes in the synthesis of chitoproteins in the methoprene-treated specimens, suggesting that methoprene affects the normal pathway of lobster cuticle synthesis and the quality of the post-molt shell. Although it is likely that a combination of factors led to the reduced lobster population in WLIS, methoprene may have contributed both by direct toxic effects and by disrupting homeostatic events under endocrine control.
Posttraumatic Impotence: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Duplex Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 15 patients, impotent as a result of prostatomembranous urethral disruption consequent to pelvic crush injuries, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and duplex ultrasound were used to establish anatomical and pathophysiological criteria for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. All patients were initially treated by suprapubic cystostomy diversion for at least 3 months, after which urethral reconstruction was performed. All men were potent before the pelvic trauma, with loss of sexual function immediately thereafter. Preoperative MRI demonstrated prostatic displacement in 13 cases (86.7%) and cavernous injury in 12 (80%). Duplex ultrasound revealed the cause of erectile failure as vasculogenic in 12 patients (80%) and neurogenic in 3 (20%). Treatment of impotence was deferred for at least 18 months after injury. Of the neurogenic group 2 patients were started on intracavernous injection therapy and 1 refused treatment. Of the vasculogenic group 3 patients underwent successful revascularization, 2 are on injection therapy and 1 had a penile prosthesis inserted. The detailed anatomical information obtainable with pelvic MRI and the functional data provided by duplex ultrasonography enabled us to identify the individual organic components of posttraumatic impotence and to select effective cause-specific therapy.
Translating news on cross-strait relations : a case study of journalistic translation based on selected news from the New York Times

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journalistic translation is a specific translation field. Academic interest in journalistic translation began in the late 1980s and 1990s and thrived since 2000. Researchers carried out empirical research on translated news and analyzed its translation process. Through different channels, news can not only report and explain events happening around the world, but also express a point of view so as to stimulate a public opinion. This study focuses on the examination of journalistic translation with a selection of news articles on cross-strait relations between China and Taiwan as examples from the website of the New York Times. The analysis was based on the comparison between the translations done by the author of this paper and the official translations available on the website of New York Times. The results show that the translators of the news articles took different approaches and the effects of their translation results showed different focuses. In addition, it was also found that the results of the different approaches to translation were influenced by political or cultural factors, or the patronage received. The study concludes four characteristics in news translations, which are change in headlines, establishment of key ideas, addition of information, and domestication of translation. The exploratory nature of the study sets a perspective for future empirical research in journalistic translation that may enhance the value of integrated translation.