jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNGICIDES PRIORI XTRA, FOLICUR, APPROACH PRIMA, AND MAXTROBIN XTRA FOR CONTROL OF KARNAL BUNT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Commercial fungicides Approach Prima CS, Priori Xtra CS, Maxtrobin Xtra CS, and Folicur EW were evaluated in the field, to determine their biological effectiveness to control karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) of wheat. A completely randomized design was used with four replications. Twenty heads of cultivar Tacupeto F2001 were inoculated during the boot stage with an allantoid sporidial suspension (10,000/mL). Commercial rates indicated in the containers of each product were followed. The first application was carried out ten days after inoculation {Zadoks 56-58, (Feekes 10.4-10.5)}, and the second one ten days later. Inoculated spikes were threshed by hand and the healthy and infected kernels were counted to determine the percentage of infection. The biological effectiveness of the products evaluated were Priori Xtra 99.2, Folicur 98.9, Approach Prima 98.5, and Maxtrobin Xtra 85.3%. The untreated inoculated check had a mean of 36.9% infection. There were no statistical differences for the products evaluated for level of infection after arcsin transformation (Tukey, p = 0.05) and the coefficient of variation was 6.1%. The a thousand grain weight was 55.3, 51.1, 54.8, and 55.1 g, respectively, and 53.6 g for the untreated inoculated check. No phytotoxic effects to the wheat plants were observed.
Eco-labelling—a case for deregulation?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The general disenchantment with command-and-control mechanisms led to pressure to experiment with tools of deregulation which encourage the desired behaviour through financial incentives rather than through legal coercion. Eco-labelling can be seen as a representation of this trend to deregulate environmental protection by allowing industry to make the decision of whether or not to apply for the label and allowing consumers to decide to shop accordingly. Eco-labelling aims to identify and promote products that have a reduced environmental impact when compared to other similar products. It is a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling that is practised around the world and functions through the co-operation of the three sectors: industry, consumers and eco-labelling authority. This paper will look at Germany's Blue Angel, a national eco-label, and the European Flower, the eco-label for the European Union, to determine whether eco-labelling can be considered a successful mechanism of deregulation.
Toward energy‐efficient data management design for sustainable cities and societies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Demanding continues communication and diverse interaction between various devices is witnessed over Internet as we probe into Internet of Things (IoT). The sustainable cities are designed based on the concept of IoT. IoT devices consume enormous energy continuously, which needs to be managed efficiently. The efficiency of energy is based on the optimization of the energy infrastructures. In addition, heterogeneous devices in sustainable cities produce enormous data. This huge data needs to be processed and analyzed along with smart energy management to achieve smart decisions. The planning is starting to be realistic through the quantity of data provided in sustainable cities. In this porch, the objective is to illustrate the data generated in sustainable cities in real time. To deal with the aforementioned requirements, this work demonstrates a novel architecture that spotlights the ecology of sustainable cities comprised of sensors, cameras, and other objects along with energy management (eg, Internet of Energy). The proposed system is a layered architecture composed of data collection and energy management, data computation, and decision‐making layers. Energy‐efficient clustering algorithm and optimized sleeping scheduling methods are utilized in the first layer to collect data from IoT devices with regard to energy management. The second layer is responsible for computation of data resourcefully along with energy efficiency. The third layer is used to provide valuable insights and make intelligent decisions. The architecture is verified with reliable datasets related to smart parking using IoT devices to test and reveal the effectiveness. The assessments disclose that the proposed scheme presents precious insights in the context of energy efficiency in sustainable cities and societies.
Letter from Maggie R.[Margaret Muir Reid] to John Muir, 1886 Feb 6.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Crete, Neb., Feb.6th, 1886.My dear Brother John:We were happy to hear of the advent of the wee stranger to your home nest. May God bless the dear girlie always. I hope that Louie is mending nicely. Give her my love and tell her I would like to run in and see her and her little nestling. I wish we did not live so far apart, as Mary says, "on a less world."I suppose that Wanda is delighted to have a sister. What a source of pleasure and amusement it will be for her to watch and look at baby. Every movement will be a kind of a wonder to her for a little while, I suppose. You say there is but little need now for the encouragement of emigration. By the time there are ten more "olive plants around thy table" perhaps you will think there is still less, and possibly your family circle will be complete. Perhaps Louie would think in such a case that both Chinamen and much machinery would be needed to do the housework.I am glad that Anna is improving in [two lines of sheet torn] thank you for all your kind advice about the care of my health. Have taken much beef tea -- your receipt is good. Do you take as good care of your own health as you do of other people's? I hope you are feeling better. John got home from Wis. last week. He had a very pleasant time among the folks. He says they are all pretty well. Sarah is much better.We have indeed had terribly cold weather since about New Year's. Thermometer away down to 26° below zero from about zero to 15 below most of the time for about a month. For days and days we could not see through the windows at all, and high winds at the same time. Snow swept up into big drifts. For two or three days we have had nice weather. To-day the sun has been bright and the snow melting fast. How good it seems ! How favored you are to be able to look on almond blossoms and green grass, or even weeds. Give my love to Annie, Mrs. Strentzel, and all enquiring friends, and with much love to yourself and Louie, and many good wishes, I am as everMaggie R [Margaret Muir Reid]
The sensitizing properties of anti-mouse anti-thymocyte horse serum.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The authors have compared the anaphylaxis due to active and passive sensitization of mice. In the case of active sensitizing, anti-mouse anti-thymocyte horse serum (ATS), and/or normal horse serum (NHS), whereas in the case of passive sensitizing, plasma, peripheral leukocytes, spleen cells and thymocytes of sensitized animals were used. Provocation of shock was carried out by intravenous administration of ATS or NHS. Irreversible anaphylaxis occurred in a significantly higher rate in the case of ATS than NHS sensitivity, produced either actively, or passively. Differences have been found also between the 4 investigated materials according to their passive transfer potency.
Black Start Process Simulation of Isolated Power Grid Based on PSASP

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

For the black start process of isolated power grid, the capacity of black start system is small, and the ability of anti disturbance and impact is weak. The starting impact of asynchronous motor in black start stage has great influence on system voltage and frequency stability. The best choice is to simulate the established scheme of black start through whole process simulation to verify its safety and reliability. In this paper, based on PSASP electromechanical transient calculation and analysis software, taking the black start design scheme of Indonesia Weda Bay industrial park's thermal power project as the background, the electrical topology of the black start process is modeled. And also the model parameters of diesel governor and Automatic Voltage Regulator are debugged, and the actual model data is restored as much as possible. The influence of governor and automatic voltage regulator on system stability performance is analyzed accurately. The reliability of the established scheme is verified through the comparison of field wave recording data and simulation.
A preliminary study for quantitative assessment of upper limb proprioception

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Proprioception, or sense of position and movement of the body, strongly correlates with motor recovery of the hemiplegic arm. The evaluation of the awareness of the location of joints in space involves measuring the accuracy of joint-angle replication. Robotic devices allow an accurate manipulation of joint movements necessary to assess proprioceptive status. This study evaluated the proprioceptive performance of healthy subjects by mean of the H-Man, a planar robot designed for upper-limb rehabilitation to gather preliminary normative data for neurorehabilitation applications. Twelve participants were equally divided into Aged and Young groups and were asked to indicate when their dominant hand position matched a predefined target in the contralateral, sagittal and ipsilateral direction. Results indicated a better performance for movements towards the contralateral target in terms of both absolute and signed error while there was not a significant effect of age group. Error variability was not affected by the target location and participants' age. The present study established preliminary proprioceptive metrics that could assist in providing information about the normal range of proprioceptive acuity of healthy subjects of different age.
An Adaptive High-Throughput Multichannel MAC Protocol for VANETs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IEEE 802.11p standard, operating over the 75-MHz spectrum at 5.9-GHz band with one control channel (CCH) and six service channels (SCHs), has been poised to provide V2X services over vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). However, due to the absence of central coordinator and the nature of high vehicular mobility, it is difficult to achieve reliable multichannel coordination and adaptive resource reservation to make full use of SCHs, resulting in dramatic throughput degradation. To mitigate this, in this article, we propose an adaptive high-throughput multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol, namely, AHT-MAC, which can effectively handle the data transmissions over SCHs. With AHT-MAC, the data transmission range (TR) is adjusted according to the beacon TR over the CCH so that a transmitting node can determine proper communication candidates and prepare available resources for both communication nodes before transmissions. Moreover, the communication coordination is done through a two-way handshake. During the handshake, adaptive resource reservation is realized following the proposed resource sharing mechanism, where nodes first utilize as much resource as possible and then share them with others proactively. To increase the success probability of the communication handshake, a request conflict resolution mechanism is also designed to nullify improper handshakes. Therefore, AHT-MAC can reduce the resource wastage due to handshake failures and extra overheads for retransmission requests. Our performance analysis shows that AHT-MAC can significantly improve the system throughput and reduce the channel access period.
The SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-Like SMXL6, SMXL7 and SMXL8 Act as Negative Regulators in Response to Drought Stress in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Drought represents a major threat to crop growth and yields. Strigolactones (SLs) contribute to regulating shoot branching by targeting the SUPPRESSOR OF MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2)-LIKE6 (SMXL6), SMXL7 and SMXL8 for degradation in a MAX2-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Although SLs are implicated in plant drought response, the functions of the SMXL6, 7 and 8 in the SL-regulated plant response to drought stress have remained unclear. Here, we performed transcriptomic, physiological and biochemical analyses of smxl6, 7, 8 and max2 plants to understand the basis for SMXL6/7/8-regulated drought response. We found that three D53 (DWARF53)-Like SMXL members, SMXL6, 7 and 8, are involved in drought response as the smxl6smxl7smxl8 triple mutants showed markedly enhanced drought tolerance compared to wild type (WT). The smxl6smxl7smxl8 plants exhibited decreased leaf stomatal index, cuticular permeability and water loss, and increased anthocyanin biosynthesis during dehydration. Moreover, smxl6smxl7smxl8 were hypersensitive to ABA-induced stomatal closure and ABA responsiveness during and after germination. In addition, RNA-sequencing analysis of the leaves of the D53-like smxl mutants, SL-response max2 mutant and WT plants under normal and dehydration conditions revealed an SMXL6/7/8-mediated network controlling plant adaptation to drought stress via many stress- and/or ABA-responsive and SL-related genes. These data further provide evidence for crosstalk between ABA- and SL-dependent signaling pathways in regulating plant responses to drought. Our results demonstrate that SMXL6, 7 and 8 are vital components of SL signaling and are negatively involved in drought responses, suggesting that genetic manipulation of SMXL6/7/8-dependent SL signaling may provide novel ways to improve drought resistance.
Readings of the Rwandan Genocide

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Une dimension particuliere du genocide rwandais est la responsabilite de la communaute internationale en general, et le role de la Belgique, de la France, des Etats-Unis, et des Nations unies en particulier, dans les evenements de 1994. L'A. presente et commente quatre nouvelles etudes occidentales sur le genocide rwandais : A.J. Kuperman, 2000 ; B.D. Jones, 2001 ; L.R. Melvern, 2000 ; W.M. Madsen, 1999. Selon l'A., ces travaux apportent de nouvelles preuves qui suggerent clairement que la Belgique, la France, les Etats-Unis et l'ONU, partagent chacun une part de responsabilite morale et politique dans ce genocide. Cependant, aucun de ces ouvrages, a l'exception possible de Madsen, explique de maniere satisfaisante l'echec moral et politico-diplomatique de la communaute internationale.
Reactive Conformation of the Active Site in the Hairpin Ribozyme Achieved by Molecular Dynamics Simulations with ε/ζ Force Field Reparametrizations B

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

X-ray crystallography can provide important insights into the structure of RNA enzymes (ribozymes). However, the details of a ribozyme’s active site architecture are often altered by the inactivating chemical modifications necessary to inhibit self-cleavage. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are able to complement crystallographic data and model the conformation of the ribozyme’s active site in its native form. However, the performance of MD simulations is driven by the quality of the force field used. Force fields are primarily parametrized and tested for a description of canonical structures and thus may be less accurate for noncanonical RNA elements, including ribozyme catalytic cores. Here, we show that our recent reparametrization of e/ζ torsions significantly improves the description of the hairpin ribozyme’s scissile phosphate conformational behavior. In addition, we find that an imbalance in the force field description of the nonbonded interactions of the ribose 2′-OH contributes to the conformational behavior observed for the scissile phosphate in the presence of a deprotonated G8–. On the basis of the new force field, we obtain a reactive conformation for the hairpin ribozyme active site that is consistent with the most recent mechanistic and structural data.
DISTURBANCES OF RENAL FUNCTION IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In pernicious anemia there is frequently evidence of mild renal damage, manifesting itself by albumin, casts or both in the urine. Up to the present time it has been assumed that this renal irritation or damage is a result of malnutrition and anoxemia of the kidneys because of the anemia. On the other hand, the incidence of albuminuria and other clinical evidence of renal disturbance is low in cases of secondary anemia. The hemolytic intoxication of pernicious anemia may also injure the kidneys directly, but it has long been known that in pernicious anemia there is a superabundance of "free" or inorganic ionizable iron in the blood and tissues. That the deposition of iron in the kidneys may cause mild nephritic changes in experimental animals was demonstrated several years ago.1The presence, therefore, of renal hemosiderosis might be responsible for the renal disturbance in pernicious anemia. It was with this
MicroRNA and common tumor of digestive system

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNA(miRNA) is a kind of small non-coding RNA which contents 18-25 nucleotide (nt). MiRNA plays an important role in human tumor of digestive system. Recently lots of research demonstrates that miRNA can act either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes or sometimes as both. And many families of miRNAs'targets have been found. So the study of miRNA will supply a new way to the diagnosis and therapy of digestive diseases.

Key words:
MicroRNA; Digestive system tumor; Oncogene; Tumor suppressor gene; Target
Low transverse emittance electron bunches from two-color laser-ionization injection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A method is proposed to generate low emittance electron bunches from two color laser pulses in a laser-plasma accelerator. A two-region gas structure is used, containing a short region of a high-Z gas (e.g., krypton) for ionization injection, followed by a longer region of a low-Z gas for post-acceleration. A long-laser-wavelength (e.g., 5 micron) pump pulse excites plasma wake without triggering the inner-shell electron ionization of the high-Z gas due to low electric fields. A short-laser-wavelength (e.g., 0.4 micron) injection pulse, located at a trapping phase of the wake, ionizes the inner-shell electrons of the high-Z gas, resulting in ionization-induced trapping. Compared with a single-pulse ionization injection, this scheme offers an order of magnitude smaller residual transverse momentum of the electron bunch, which is a result of the smaller vector potential amplitude of the injection pulse.
A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.
The geochemistry of manganese conglomerates on the Vityaz’ Rise, Japan Sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Large conglomerate fragments up to 25 cm across were dredged off the submarine volcanic Vityaz Rise, Japan Sea in the 1600–1350 m depth range. These are the first ever that were recovered in this location. The fragments consist of pebble and gravel material that is cemented by manganese hydroxides. The cement is basal in type; the chemical composition is M2+MnO2, where M2+ = Na2, Mg, K2, Ca, Ba. The Mn/Fe ratio is 802. The upper part of the conglomerates is covered with a layered crust of the same hydroxides. A similar crust can be discerned within the conglomerate closer to the bottom of a sample. Some layers of the crusts are rich in NaCl, CaSO4, F, Co, Cu. The crusts contain inclusions of grains that consist of Ag and intermetallic compounds based on Cu and Ni. The superimposed manganese mineralization is Quaternary. The metals originated, most likely, from gas-rich hydrothermal fluids.
The current unrecognized epidemic of smell dysfunction in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is an estimated 21 million people with smell dysfunction in the United States. However, most people in the U.S. are unaware of the existence of this problem. Most physicians are also unaware of this problem. Indeed, there is no specific medical specialty to evaluate or treat this problem. These issues comprise an unrecognized epidemic of smell dysfunction occurring in the U.S. Smell dysfunction comprises patients with loss of smell acuity, the presence of distorted perception of external odors (aliosmia) and the presence of distorted smells in the nose in the absence of any odor (phantosmia). These symptoms most commonly occur after a viral‐type illness (about 25%), allergic rhinitis (about 20%), head injury (about 15%) and a variety of other illnesses including Parkinsonism, Alzheimer disease and other degenerative neurological disorders. The current view of the pathology which generates these symptoms is that some neurological abnormalities occurred either in the olfactory nerves or in the brain. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the underlying cause of these symptoms is not neurological in nature but usually biochemical related to loss of olfactory receptor function due to inhibition of biochemical activation and signaling in stem cells upon which olfactory cell growth and development depend. The recognition that biochemical treatment of this stem cell pathology results in activation of specific sensory cell signaling which improves smell dysfunction demonstrates the biochemical basis of this unrecognized epidemic. Support or Funding Information This institution did not receive any funding from agencies in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Measuring ambivalence about government in the 2006 ANES Pilot Study.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Although scholars increasingly recognize that people often possess multiple and even conflicting attitudes about a given topic, our understanding of the nature, causes, and consequences of such attitudinal ambivalence is limited by a lack of consensus as to how the concept should be operationalized. In this paper, we examine three separate measures (one subjective, two operative) of ambivalence regarding &quot;the federal government in Washington&quot; that were asked in the 2006 ANES Pilot Study. Our findings indicate that while the operative measures are less susceptible to question-order and response-order effects, none of the three indicators fares particularly well in various other tests of construct validity.