jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effects of a physical activity program on mood states in college students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

College students are at risk for adverse mental and physical health. Physical activity (PA) can reduce risks and promote positive mental health; however, less than half (49.9%) of college students meet the American College of Sports Medicine (2017) recommendations for PA. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate an evidence-based PA program (#ubwell) designed in collaboration with university counseling services to enhance mood states and promote continued PA in college students. The program was held for 5 weeks. Students (n = 21) completed pre and post measures of perceived health, PA participation, intrinsic motivation, and mood states, and a post program evaluation. Additionally, participants recorded Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale ratings before, during (mid-way) and after each weekly PA session. Results showed intrinsic motivation significantly increased from pre to post (p = .02). Participants experienced increases in positive feelings and energy levels across all PA sessions. However, pre and post measures of perceived health, PA participation, and mood states did not differ. Confounding factors such as participant illness, campus mourning (i.e., deaths of two students the week before), and mid-term/final exams may have influenced results. Possibly, PA provided a coping strategy during those stressful times that maintained mood and PA participation levels. Additional research with larger samples and longer programs may provide greater insight into the benefits of PA programs for mental health and wellness.
Challenges in the generation of 2D Permeable Friction Courses (PFC) microstructures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of computational mechanics tools has increased in pavement engineering due to their capacity to assess phenomena that are difficult to simulate in laboratory; and to their overall low cost in comparison to laboratory or field experiments. Thus, computational mechanics could be an efficient technique to understand the mechanical behavior of Permeable Friction Courses (PFC) mixtures and identify the causes of their main distresses. PFCs are gap-graded hot asphalt mixtures that are placed as thin layers over conventional pavements. Although PFC mixtures have several benefits, their main shortcoming is the difficulty to preserve their functionality and durability. This paper discusses the relevance of the geometry that is selected to represent the microstructure of PFCs mixtures in computational mechanics models and introduces a two-dimensional gravimetric method to numerically and randomly build those microstructures. In addition, this paper assesses different input parameters of the proposed gravimetric method and shows how those parameters impact different microstructural characteristics of the generated PFCs microstructures.
An Ontology based approach to teach Computational Thinking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is focused on the teaching/learning process of Computational Thinking at primary and secondary schools. It is generally accepted that Programming is a complex task that requires a long learning process. Theoretical knowledge about fundamentals on algorithms and data structures, as well as, on programming languages are required but are not enough; practicing a lot is also necessary. However, teaching Computer Programming is a hard job, most of the times unsuccessful. To overcome all the difficulties, felt by teachers and students, an increasingly bigger community of researchers in Computer Science is defending the importance of teaching Computational Thinking to young students to train them, since very earlier, in logic and abstract reasoning for problem solving. Our starting point to approach this topic relies on the use of an Ontology (OntoCnE) that describes in detail the concepts “Computational Thinking” and “Programming”, and maps those concepts to different education levels, starting with the first year. We believe that a person just acquires a new way of thinking, or a new way of behaving, if he is trained with the appropriate learning resources. So a main investment to educate people in Computational Thinking is on the choice/creation of those convenient resources. In particular we intended to investigate the impact of Augmented Reality in the usefulness of the referred resources. In that direction we will also discuss the development of a Web Platform to help on collecting and classifying (according to the referred ontology) learning resources to be used by teachers in computing classes. On the other hand, the platform will help on the retrieval, from that repository, of the most adequate resources to teach a specific subject to a specific level.
High-precision optoelectronic axis angle measurement in space

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In harsh environment,the precision measurement of the axis angle is critical for the development of space system.The factors such as temperature variations and platform vibration severely limit the accuracy and life time of axis angle measurement device in space.The mechanisms to introduce error code and cause the aging of the device in space were analyzed,and a new solution to realize the high precision measurement of axis angle under the complex space environment was proposed based on such analysis.By using a new adaptive technology of encoder signal processing,the shortcomings of traditional processing method used in measuring the axis angle can be overcome.The experiment results show that the resolution of the angle measurement is 0.618″and the peak-to-peak value of the angle measurement error is 6.2″.
Target Search and Navigation in Heterogeneous Robot Systems with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Collaborative heterogeneous robot systems can greatly improve the efficiency of target search and navigation tasks. In this paper, we design a heterogeneous robot system consisting of a UAV and a UGV for search and rescue missions in unknown environments. The system is able to search for targets and navigate to them in a maze-like mine environment with the policies learned through deep reinforcement learning algorithms. During the training process, if two robots are trained simultaneously, the rewards related to their collaboration may not be properly obtained. Hence, we introduce a multi-stage reinforcement learning framework and a curiosity module to encourage agents to explore unvisited environments. Experiments in simulation environments show that our framework can train the heterogeneous robot system to achieve the search and navigation with unknown target locations while existing baselines may not, and accelerate the training speed.
<p><strong><em>Rubus oklejewiczii </em></strong><strong>(Rosaceae), a new bramble species from Central Europe (Poland: Carpathians)</strong></p>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species from south-eastern Poland, named Rubus oklejewiczii Wolanin & M. Nobis, is here described and illustrated. It is pentaploid deciduous plant, with morphological features most typical to the species representing Rubus ser. Rubus. The species is distributed in the northern foreground of the Polish Carpathians and has been observed mostly in fir-beech forests margins.
Debates About Pedagogy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter both sets out some widely accepted principles adopted in designing pedagogy and explores some key debates about pedagogical questions that impinge upon ideas of good teaching practice. This chapter begins by describing some basic ideas from research into human learning that are drawn on extensively in later chapters in the volume. These ideas include the limitations of working memory, the role of metacognition, and the importance of learners’ alternative conceptions. An approach to considering teaching–learning as a multi-component system where problems can derive from specific system components, or the way they are coupled together, is introduced. These principles underpin an approach to pedagogy often referred to as constructivism, which has been widely championed in science and mathematics education. This chapter then introduces some questions about pedagogy that have been subject to extensive debate and research, but which are still widely considered live questions. The debates relate to (a) whether the focus of teaching and learning should be the individual learner or groups of learners working together; (b) whether it is better to divide up learners, where possible, according to ability or attainment, rather than teach ‘mixed ability’ groups; (c) whether there is any merit in teaching for students’ ‘learning styles’ or related notions; and (d) the idea of a form of teaching known as direct instruction, which has been widely claimed to be the most effective pedagogy and has sometimes been argued to be clearly superior to constructivist teaching approaches.
Roadblocks in Argentina: Against the Violence of Stability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ROADBLOCKS ORGANISED BY the unemployed, public sector workers and the local community have spread through several provinces of Argentina. Demonstrators have demanded employment programmes, job creation and capital investments as well as their participation in the decision making process with regards to those matters. This is a continuation of a nearly uninterrupted process of protests against the neo-liberal reforms of the Menem administration during the 1990s. During 1993 and 1994 spontaneous demonstrations organised by public sector workers against overdue wages, suspensions, wage reductions and redundancies, as well as cuts in welfare expenditure and corruption erupted in the north and south of the country. During 1996-1997 the roadblocks reached massive proportions. Some, like Cutral-có and Plaza Huincul, were considered ‘popular upheavals' developing direct democracy among demonstrators and encouraging community solidarity. The roadblocks led to the emergence of new organisations with negotiating capacity regarding the distribution and management of employment programmes, and community concerns such as public works, the provision of essential services and credit for small and medium-scale business. Although in October 1999, the centre-left Alianza won the general elections, the illusion of the end of monetarism associated with the defeat of Menem soon vanished. The government soon fell, trapped between persistent protests against stabilisation policies, and international pressure to improve competitiveness. At the beginning of 2000, the de la Rúa administration and the IMF agreed to a tighter stability plan. As a result, a new wave of roadblocks reached massive proportions, this time accompanied by two national general strikes organised by the trade unions. As the crisis continues into 2001 the struggle to maintain stability is provoking the deepest political crisis of the last decade. This paper argues that the roadblock emerged as a new form of protest against the economic adjustment and stabilisation policies in Argentina. By blocking the roads, labour has set a physical and visible barrier to the violence of neo-liberal stability. The roadblocks have become a reminder of the centrality of labour in capitalist societies.
Multidimensional Clutter Filter Optimization for Ultrasonic Perfusion Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combinations of novel pulse-echo acquisitions and clutter filtering techniques can improve the sensitivity and the specificity of power Doppler (PD) images, thus reducing the need for exogenous contrast enhancement. We acquire echoes following bursts of Doppler pulse transmissions sparsely applied in regular patterns over long durations. The goal is to increase the sensitivity of the acquisition to slow disorganized patterns of motion from the peripheral blood perfusion. To counter a concomitant increase in clutter signal power, we arrange the temporal echo acquisitions into two data-array axes, combine them with a spatial axis for the tissue region of interest, and apply 3-D singular-value decomposition (SVD) clutter filtering. Successful separation of blood echoes from other echo signal sources requires that we partition the 3-D SVD core tensor. Unfortunately, the clutter and blood subspaces do not completely uncouple in all situations, so we developed a statistical classifier that identifies the core tensor subspace dominated by tissue clutter power. This paper describes an approach to subspace partitioning as required for optimizing PD imaging of peripheral perfusion. The technique is validated using echo simulation, flow-phantom data, and in vivo data from a murine melanoma model. We find that for narrow eigen-bandwidth clutter signals, we can routinely map phantom flows and tumor perfusion signals at speeds less than 3 mL/min. The proposed method is well suited to peripheral perfusion imaging applications.
Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Jackets for Ductility Enhancement of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns with Poor Lap-Splice Detailing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an inclusive testing program conducted on scaled models of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns with insufficient lap-splice length. Thirteen half-scale circular and square column samples were tested in flexure under lateral cyclic loading. Three columns were tested in the as-built configuration whereas ten samples were tested after being retrofitted with different composite-jacket systems. A brittle failure was observed in the as-built samples due to bond deterioration of the lap-spliced longitudinal reinforcement. The jacketed circular columns demonstrated a significant improvement in their cyclic performance. Yet, tests conducted on square jacketed columns showed a limited improvement in clamping on the lap-splice region and for enhancing the ductility of the column.
Global Performance Disparities Between English-Language Accents in Automatic Speech Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Past research has identified discriminatory automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance as a function of the racial group and nationality of the speaker. In this paper, we expand the discussion beyond bias as a function of the individual national origin of the speaker to look for bias as a function of the geopolitical orientation of their nation of origin. We audit some of the most popular English language ASR services using a large and global data set of speech from The Speech Accent Archive, which includes over 2,700 speakers of English born in 171 different countries. We show that, even when controlling for multiple linguistic covariates, ASR service performance has a statistically significant relationship to the political alignment of the speaker's birth country with respect to the United States' geopolitical power. This holds for all ASR services tested. We discuss this bias in the context of the historical use of language to maintain global and political power.
Response to students' writing : suggestions for high school english teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper suggests the effective response to students' writing and discusses the error correction for Japanese high school English teachers. It also proposes useful suggestions to activate written communication in Japanse schools which have 40 students in one class on the average.One possible suggestion for dealing with the time for error correction and the class size is paying more attention to three types of feedback. First, peer feedback is an especially useful technique to overcome the difficulties which Japanese teachers of English face to teach written communication. Second, teachers should pay more attention to the objectives and audiences when they teach students written communication. Third, teachers should pay more attention to their students' level and cultural background to spark students' interests and improve their writing skills.
[Relationship Between the Migration of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells and the Pattern of Change in Immune Cell Phenotypes in the Microenvironment After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

After ICH in rats, eNSCs migrating toward the site of ICH first increase and then decrease. The immune microenvironment demonstrates a pattern of change in which inflammation is suppressed at first, then promoted, and finally suppressed again. Inflammation may have a stimulatory effect on the migration of eNSCs, but excessive inflammatory activation has an inhibitory effect on the differentiation and further activation of eNSCs. After ICH, the early stage of repair and protection (10 d) and the subacute phase (20 d) may provide the best opportunities for intervention.
Effectiveness of the Direct Instruction Method in Teaching Leisure Skills to Young Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the direct instruction method in teaching young individuals with intellectual disability marbling and stone painting, which are considered among leisure-skills.A multiple probe design, one of the single-subject research methods, was utilized in this research.A total of three students, consisting of two males and one female, were included in the study.Probe, screening, and generalization sessions were used to examine the effectiveness of the direct instruction method in teaching marbling and stone-painting skills.The single opportunity method was employed for the assessment.All sessions were conducted in accordance with a one-to-one teaching procedure.The findings of the study revealed that the direct instruction method was effective in teaching marbling and stone painting skills in young individuals with intellectual disabilities.The findings also postulated that the learned skills were maintained at the end of the first, third, and fourth week, and the participants were capable of generalizing the skills to different settings, different people, and materials.To ensure social validity, the opinions of the parents regarding the skills taught to the participants were obtained.They stated that they were satisfied with the intervention and were beneficial for the development of their children.They also expressed that they want these activities to continue.Considering all these findings, it is safe to say that the intervention of teaching marbling and stone-painting skills are effective.
Person‐First Language

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This entry provides an overview of language used when discussing disabilities or addressing people with disabilities. Person‐first language addresses and centers a person rather than their disability. For example, person‐first language addresses someone with a disability as a “person with a disability” or “person who is blind.” This stands in contrast to identity‐first language which centers a person's identity around their disability and directly addresses it. Identity‐first language examples would include “Deaf person” or “Disabled person.” There is division in the disability community regarding which language should be used as person‐first is preferred by some members of the disability community, while others prefer identity‐first. Because of this, many scholars, organizations serving people with disabilities, and people with disabilities advocate for the use of language that the person with a disability prefers, or a person‐centered approach. However, many organizations, including the American Psychological Association, recommend that those who are non‐disabled use person‐first language when writing about disabilities or addressing people with disabilities until preferred terms are established.
A Robust Au−C≡C Functionalized Surface: Toward Real‐Time Mapping and Accurate Quantification of Fe2+ in the Brains of Live AD Mouse Models

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Described here is that Au−C≡C bonds showed the highest stability under biological conditions, with abundant thiols, and the best electrochemical performance compared to Au−S and Au−Se bonds. The new finding was also confirmed by theorical calculations. Based on this finding, a specific molecule for recognition of Fe 2+ was designed and synthesized, and used to create a selective and accurate electrochemical sensor for the quantification of Fe 2+ . The present ratiometric strategy demonstrates high spatial resolution for real‐time tracking of Fe 2+ in a dynamic range of 0.2–120 μM. Finally, a microelectrode array with good biocompatibility was applied in imaging and biosensing of Fe 2+ in the different regions of live mouse brains. Using this tool, it was discovered that the uptake of extracellular Fe 2+ into the cortex and striatum was largely mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through the CREB‐related pathway in the brain of a mouse with Alzheimer's disease.
The relative mobility status of Indigenous Australians: Setting the research agenda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A project under way at the Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research aims to establish, for the first time, comparative national parameters of Indigenous population mobility with particular reference to four distinct mobility perspectives, namely: the overall propensities to migrate, the net effect of migration on spatial redistribution, patterns of migration flow and resulting spatial networks, and the spatio-temporal sequence of individual movements over the life course. The first step in this process, presented here, involves a comprehensive review of the scope and content of existing research on Indigenous and non-Indigenous population mobility. This summary examination is necessary to identify gaps in understanding and thereby outline likely priorities for future research. The results show that quite different concerns and methodologies are evident in the literature on Indigenous population mobility compared with that pertaining to the movement of the Australian population generally. This, in part, reflects the often distinct cultural, demographic and economic contexts in which mobility occurs, but it is also indicative of a variable disciplinary bias in the analysis of migration. Major deficiencies are revealed in understanding some of the basic facets of Indigenous movement propensities and spatial redistribution relative to what is known for the rest of the population. As far as information regarding migration flows and the sequence of population movements is concerned, this deficit is commonly shared. In order to overcome these gaps in understanding standard techniques of migration analysis using census data are proposed. \nThis paper considers the determinants of employment income for Indigenous Australians compared with non-Indigenous Australians. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression techniques are applied to 1991 Census data to consider the question: does the lower income of these Indigenous people reflect differences in their factor endowments (like education) rewarded in the labour market, or are they rewarded differently for the same set of endowments than are non-Indigenous Australians. The results show that the main source of lower incomes for Indigenous Australians was their smaller endowment of human capital characteristics. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of these results.