jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fast PIN-diode beam loss monitors at Tevatron

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The article is devoted to results of fine time structure of particle losses in Tevatron with use of fast beam loss monitors (BLM) based on PIN-diodes. An ultimate goal of the new BLMs is to distinguish losses of protons and antiprotons from neighbor bunches with 132 ns bunch spacing in the Tevatron collider upgrade. The devices studied fit well to the goal as they can recognize even seven times closer - 18.9 ns - spaced bunches` losses in the Tevatron fixed target operation regime. We have measured main characteristics of the BLM as well as studied the proton losses over 10 decades of time scale - from dozen of minutes to dozen of nanoseconds. Power spectral density of the losses is compared with spectra of the proton beam motion.
Efficient fabrication of vertical carbon nanotube array cold cathode using laser cutting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A vertical carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet array was fabricated using a laser cutting method which has the advantages of simple, efficient, clean and low cost. A CNT sheet array with 3 μm sheet width, 20 μm sheet height, 20 μm spacing and 3.5 mm 2 overall size can emit a current of 50 mA, a corresponding current density of 1.43 A /cm 2 in pulse field emission. The uniform emission site distribution showed that the electrostatic shielding effect can be eliminated in the array pattern. The performance of the CNT sheet array was promising for cold cathode device. The laser cutting method opens up a new way to fabricate high quality field emitter in simple process.
Figure 4 from: Mu T, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xia J (2021) Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal three species of Colletotrichum in Shandong province, China. MycoKeys 85: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.75944

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 4 Colletotrichum pandanicola (SAUCC201152) a lesion fruit of host plant b, c surface (b) and reverse (c) sides of colony after incubation for 7 days on PDA d conidiomata e, f conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia g, h conidiophores, conidiogenous cells i–k conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm (e–k).
Assessment of various physiochemical treatments for the removal of dissolved and colloidal substances present in the TMP/Newsprint white waters and fungal enzymatic treated white water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study has assessed the effects of using hydrogen peroxide, Fenton's reagent treatment and alum coagulation on the removal of organic dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) from TMP/Newsprint cloudy white water (MWW), fungal cultural filtrate (FCF) and fungal enzymatic treated white water (FWW). It was shown that employing hydrogen peroxide did not significantly remove the colour, even i f a high dosage (2% by wt/wt) of hydrogen peroxide was employed. Both the Fenton's reagent treatment and alum coagulation were effective in reducing detrimental components present in both the fungal cultural filtrate and the fungal enzymatic treated white water, without the requirement of either pH adjustment or the need for changed temperature. We confirmed that fungal enzymatic treatment played a key role in enhancing these two posttreatments. The presence of chelating agents was shown to be the major inhibitor of successful Fenton's reagent treatment of the MWW and FWW. The percentage removal of colour and of organic DCS components were increased up to 90% and 92% respectively of the Fenton's reagent treatment. When using alum coagulation, the removal rates of lignin, extractives and colour were 95%, 85% and 95% respectively. The zeta potential was shown to be the most dominant factor which affected efficient precipitation. The supernatants obtained after each of the treatments were virtually clear and only slightly coloured when compared to the original MWW and FWW samples.
Exploring the relationship between nature and humankind in Hayao Miyazaki’s 'Princess Mononoke'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the various types of relationships between nature and the characters of Hayao Miyazaki’s Princess Mononoke through the lens of environmental ethics, examining how different perspectives of nature shape actions towards it. The surveying of this diverse landscape of relationships gives us deeper insight into how the different beliefs we accept both influences our perception of and affects our treatment of nature. It also raises awareness towards how conflict between these perspectives causes varied disagreements between individuals, in the context of the welfare of the environment. This paper also examines elements of open-endedness in Princess Mononoke’s narrative structure, arguing that these aspects compel individuals to go beyond the narrative and further participate in the discourse of environmental issues on their own. Therefore, this paper argues that Princess Mononoke provides viewers with a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between nature and humankind, and subsequently challenges them to act towards participating in the discourse themselves.
AAAGUGC Seed-Containing miRNAs: Master Regulators of Cancer Pathways and Therapeutic Resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNAs have emerged as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators, orchestrating a myriad of cellular processes critical to both normal physiology and pathological conditions, particularly cancer. Among these, miRNAs containing the highly conserved AAAGUGC seed sequence have garnered significant attention due to their multifaceted roles in cancer progression, acting as both oncogenes and tumour suppressors across a wide spectrum of malignancies. This review delves deeply into the evolutionary significance of AAAGUGC seed-containing miRNAs, elucidating their conserved nature and intricate roles in the regulation of cancer-related gene expression networks. We focused on eight specific miRNAs- miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-519d-3p, miR-526b-3p, and miR-20b-5p -each of which demonstrates context-dependent oncogenic or tumour-suppressive behaviour. Through an indepth exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which these miRNAs modulate critical pathways, we highlighted their capacity to influence essential processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and drug resistance, reflecting the complexity of their regulatory roles. Furthermore, we dissected the intricate interactions between these miRNAs and their downstream targets, showcasing their diverse contributions to the tumour microenvironment. The implications of miRNA dysregulation in chemotherapy resistance were also explored. In conclusion, AAAGUGC seed-containing miRNAs represent a complex and evolutionarily conserved family with implications in cancer biology. Their ability to modulate multiple oncogenic and tumour-suppressive pathways highlights their potential as therapeutic targets or biomarkers in the context of personalized cancer treatment strategies. This review provides a comprehensive depth of current knowledge while proposing avenues for future research into the therapeutic manipulation of these miRNAs in combating cancer.
[Identification of Priority Areas for Carbon Compensation in Chongqing Based on the Difference in Land Use Carbon Budget].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal patterns and balance characteristics of land use carbon budget, measure the value of carbon compensation, and delineate carbon compensation type zoning to provide scientific reference for further strengthening the connection between the construction of an ecological compensation system and the "dual carbon" target task. Based on the land cover data of Chongqing from 2000 to 2020, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics and balance relationship characteristics of the land use carbon budget. By using the revised carbon compensation model to measure the horizontal compensation standards, the normalized revealed comparative advantage （NRCA） index and K-means clustering analysis method were used to divide the carbon compensation area. The research results demonstrated that： ① the total land use carbon sequestration in Chongqing grew slowly from 2000 to 2020, whereas carbon emissions continued to increase significantly, and the net carbon emissions showed a distribution pattern of "high in the center and low in the two wings." ② The average coefficient of variation in Chongqing was 0.602, and the carbon emission economy contributive coefficient and carbon ecological support coefficient were concentrated between 0.64-1.14 and 0.00-32.86, respectively. The difference in the contribution of carbon emissions and economic benefits between districts and counties was relatively small, but there was a mismatch between carbon supply and demand. ③ A significant spatial difference existed in the value of carbon compensation, with a total of 1.098 billion yuan in carbon payment and 634 million yuan in carbon compensation, respectively. Moreover, it was ultimately determined that there were eight key payment areas, seven general payment areas, three key compensation areas, and 20 general compensation areas. In conclusion, the research results can provide a reference for implementing differentiated development strategies in different types of carbon compensation regions, improve the collaborative governance capacity of the regional ecological environment, and promote the achievement of carbon neutrality goals.
Photoluminescence properties of high-pressure-polymerized C60 nanorods in the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

C 60 nanorods in two polymeric phases have been synthesized under different high pressure and high temperature conditions. Orthorhombic and tetragonal phases have been identified from Raman spectra. The rod shape can be kept under quasihydrostatic pressure. The photoluminescence intensity of the polymeric C60 nanorods has been greatly enhanced compared with that of pristine C60 nanorods. The main fluorescence band shifted from 730nm in the unpolymeric phase to 748nm and near infrared 780nm in the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases, respectively. The enhanced photoluminescence with tunable frequency for different polymeric C60 nanorods suggests potential applications in luminescent nanomaterials.
Transient response of one-degree-of-freedom systems with Bouc-hysteresis excited by white noise

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Bouc model is the oldest description of hysteretic behavior by means of generalized functions. This allows to derive an Ito vector differential equation. Usually, the solution is iterated for the stationary case by means of statistical linearization. For the transient case the Gaussian closure allows to approximate the system by a first-order vector differential equation of the first and second-order moments. The moments can be derived analytically and the first-order differential equation is calculated numerically by an explicit iteration. The moments typically converge very rapidly to the stationary values and therefore the time step can be increased rapidly to large intervals. If no linear elastic part is assumed in the differential equation and only the hysteretic part remains stationarity is not reached and therefore the statistical linearization cannot be applied anymore. Only the Gaussian closure is able to approximate the behavior in a fast way. The feasibility of the closure approach was previously shown using a stationary white noise input. Here, it is shown that the approach also works for time-variant noise stimuli and that closure and Monte-Carlo results are in good agreement.
Composing Facebook: Digital Literacy and Incoming Writing Transfer in First-Year Composition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Most new first-year composition (FYC) students already have a great deal of writing experience. Much of this experience comes from writing in digital spaces, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest. This type of writing is often invisible to students: they may not consider it to be writing at all. This dissertation seeks to better understand the actual connections between writing in online spaces and writing in FYC, to see the connections students see between these types of writing, and to work toward a theory for making use of those connections in the FYC classroom. The following interconnected articles focus specifically on Facebook—the largest and most ubiquitous social network site (SNS) — as a means to better understand students ’ digital literacy practices. Initial data was gathered through a large-scale survey of FYC students about their Facebook use and how they saw that use as connected to composition and writing. Chapter 1 uses the data to suggest that FYC students are not likely to see a connection between Facebook and FYC but that such a connection exists. The second chapter uses
The dynamics of sharing professional knowledge and lay knowledge: A study of parents and professionals experiences of childhood interventions within a Marte Meo framework

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research report provides an account of the understanding parents and therapists constructed of their experiences of participating in the Marte Meo method. The research study took place between February 2009 and February 2011. The research team were Dr Jean Clarke (Dublin City University); Ms Yvonne Corcoran (Dublin City University); Dr Mel Duffy (Dublin City University). Ms Colette O’Donovan (Marte Meo method HSE) was the professional (Marte Meo) consultant to the team. The research was funded by the Health Services Executive.
Cytotoxic Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Combretum sundaicum and Lantana camara as Inhibitors of Bcl-xL/BakBH3 Domain Peptide Interaction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In an effort to discover potent inhibitors of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, a systematic in vitro evaluation was undertaken on extracts prepared from various parts of Vietnamese plants. The ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the leaves and flowers of Combretum sundaicum and the leaves of Lantana camara were selected for their interaction with the Bcl-xL/Bak association. Bioassay-guided purification of these species led to the isolation of 15 pentacyclic triterpenoids (1-15) possessing olean-12-en-28-oic acid and olean-12-en-29-oic acid aglycons, of which compounds 1-6 and 8-10 are new. Five compounds exhibited binding activity with K(i) values between 5.3 and 17.8 microM. The cytotoxic activity of 1-15 was also evaluated on various cancer cell lines.
Chemical communication in the Genus Anguilla: a minireview

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eels of the Genus Anguilla are important fish in both scientific and economic terms. Unfortunately, current stocks of the European eel in particular ( Anguilla anguilla L.) are becoming increasingly endangered. Chemical communication plays important roles in several key aspects of fish biology. Due to its complex life-cycle, the eel offers a unique opportunity to study various aspects of olfactory biology and chemical communication almost in isolation, feeding (during freshwater ‘yellow’ stage), adaptation to seawater, migration and, finally, reproduction. The aim of this brief review is to summarise what is known about chemical communication in the eel (during reproduction in particular) and, more importantly, stimulate further research. To date, eels have been shown to have high olfactory sensitivity to substances released by conspecifics. Both the bile fluid and skin mucus have been implicated as the routes of release of these odorants but other routes, such as the urine, cannot be excluded. Furthermore, the nature of these odorants depends on both the sex and reproductive status of the donor; exposure to water conditioned by mature con-specifics causes a stimulation of sexual maturation in immature eels. These results are consistent with a role for chemical communication in eel reproduction. The European eel is, therefore, proposed as a model species for studies on olfaction and chemical communication in fish because of its ancestral status, its high olfactory sensitivity and its physiological plasticity. However, more research is necessary; specifically, identification of the key odorants involved, their behavioural and physiological effects and how the olfactory system may change at various stages of its life-cycle.
Proteolytic processing of the Aplysia egg-laying hormone prohormone

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

By using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS, individual peptidergic neurons from Aplysia are assayed. A semiquantitative method is developed for comparing single-cell profiles by using spectral normalization, and peptides are localized to specific cells by mass spectrometric cell mapping. In addition to all previously identified products of the egg-laying hormone (ELH) gene, other peptides are formed from proteolytic hydrolysis of Leu-Leu residues within ELH and acidic peptide (AP). AP exhibits further processing to yield AP 1–20 and AP 9–27 . These peptides appear to be colocalized in vesicles with ELH, transported to specific neuronal targets, and released in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner. A differential peptide distribution is observed at a specific target cell, and a low-frequency variation of AP, [Thr 21 ]AP, is detected in a single animal.
Endothelial Cell Structural Polarity Modulates Shear Stress Control of Directional Migration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restoration of endothelial function after procedures such as angioplasty and stent placement requires directional endothelial cell migration to reestablish a patent cell monolayer. However, endothelial cells near atherosclerotic lesions exhibit non-polarized shape and structure, and the mechanisms by which cells establish directional polarity under physiological hemodynamic forces remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether pre-established cytoskeletal and focal adhesion structure or the direction of fluid shear stress determines the direction of cell migration. Endothelial cells grown on 20-μm lines of fibronectin exhibited an elongated cell shape, and their stress fibers and focal adhesion sites were aligned to the pattern direction. In the absence of shear stress, patterned cells migrated significantly faster than unpatterned confluent cells, and their migration direction was primarily along the line direction. After 10 h of unidirectional steady shear stress (15 dyn/cm2), unpatterned cells doubled their migration speed and aligned their migration primarily to the downstream direction. In contrast, onset of shear stress either parallel or perpendicular to the micropatterned cells did not induce increased speed and directional adaptation, indicating that the elongation in cell structure interfered with the flow-adaptation mechanism for cell migration. Thus, control of endothelial cell morphology using micropatterned lines in the presence of a physiological shear stress magnitude suggests that geometric preconditioning of cell shape and structure dominates over hemodynamic shear stress in determining migration speed and direction.
The nature of multiple melting transitions in cis‐polyisoprene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The multiple melting transitions previously reported for cis ‐polyisoprene have been related to different morphological species observed in thin films using transmission electron microscopy. Two distinct types of spherulitic lamellar crystal have been identified which have characteristic growth rates, lamellar thicknesses, and fold planes. In addition to the α‐lamellar crystals, which grow in prestrained films with the a axis perpendicular to the stretch direction, a second type of lamellar crystal was identified with the b axis perpendicular to the stretch direction: β‐lamellae. From an analysis of the kinetics of growth and the variation of lamellar thicknesses with crystallization temperature, values of the side and surface free energies of the two types of lamellar crystal have been calculated.
Microeconomic Adjustment Hazards and Aggregate Dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The basic premise of this paper is that understanding aggregate dynamics requires considering that agents are heterogeneous and that they do not adjust continuously to the shocks they perceive. We provide a general characterization of lumpy behavior at the microeconomic level in terms of an adjustment-hazard function, which relates the probability that a unit adjusts to the deviation of its state variable from its moving target. We characterize rich, cross-sectionally dependent aggregate dynamics generated by nonconstant hazards. We present an example based on U. S. manufacturing employment and job flows, and find that increasinghazard models outperform constant-hazard-partial-adjustment models in describing aggregate employment dynamics.
Approaching border complexities: von der Linie zur Textur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Die Renaissance von Grenzen hat nicht nur für eine stärkere Institutionalisierung und Sichtbarkeit der Grenzforschung gesorgt, sondern auch theoretisch-konzeptionelle Entwicklungen und Neuorientierungen in Gang gesetzt. Davon zeugen die zahlreichen Konzepte und Ansätze, die – inspiriert vom cultural, spatial und practice turn der Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften – die Grenze als soziale Praxis fassen. Die Prozessorientierung überwindet die Idee der Grenze als Linie und bildet den Ausgangspunkt des Vortrags. Er zeigt verschiedene Weiterentwicklungen des sogenannten „‘bordering turn‘“ (Cooper 2020: 17) auf und geht dabei näher auf komplexitätsorientierte Ansätze als jüngsten Trend der territorialen und kulturellen Grenzforschung ein.
Infrastructures of Surveillance and Control in the Invisible City of Waste

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper offers a situated analysis of infrastructures of surveillance and control in Rotterdam through Latour &amp; Hermant’s concept of the oligopticon. Oligopticons are networked devices and their supporting infrastructures that render the city in extremely narrow but very clear representations, in this case as a city of waste hotspots. In Rotterdam, public management is designing data-hungry oligopticons that map, control and intervene in the illegal disposal of waste and litter. An analysis of two vignettes from the author’s ethnographic fieldwork finds that these oligopticons do more than simply make visible and control these practices of waste disposal: they instead engage in a punitive politics that frames those who illegally dispose of waste as exception to a normalizing way of life, fighting not waste but difference. Through ethnographic comparison, this paper aims to evoke thought, imagination and reflection in readers regarding the consequences of infrastructures of surveillance and control, and to the intimate knowledges that may escape these infrastructures.