jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Junior medical researchers: A neglected community with great academic potential

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical research capacity development is a national priority to improve healthcare in South Africa (SA). The 2011 National Health Research Summit set a target of training 1 000 doctoral candidates in health sciences over the next 10 years. We advocate revitalised research training opportunities for junior clinicians to help achieve this target and to contribute to the creation of a thriving medical research network across SA.
Cascade of Provider-Initiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Counselling at Specific Life Events (Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Marriage) in Côte d'Ivoire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Despite the implementation of Provider Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) in 2009, PITC coverage remains low in Cote d'Ivoire. The purpose of this study is to determine whether an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test was offered and performed at specific life events where PITC is recommended by national guidelines. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among a representative sample of 3,867 adults from the general population in Côte d'Ivoire. The occurrences of the following events over the past 5 years were documented: pregnancy (event A) or partner's pregnancy (event B) of the last child, sexually transmitted infection (event C) and marriage (event D). For each of these events, participants were asked (i) if they consulted a health care professional, (ii) if they were offered an HIV test during that consultation and (iii) if they accepted it. Results Consulting a health care provider was reported by 94.9%, 58.3%, 70.3% and 19.1% of those who reported events A, B, C and D respectively. In case of medical consultations following events A, B, C and D, respectively 70.1%, 33.1%, 28.1%, and 78.8% of individuals were offered an HIV test. The testing acceptance was high regardless of the event. Overall, testing coverage was 63.7%, 16.9%, 13.4% and 14.5% for events A, B, C and D respectively. Conclusions Increasing HIV testing coverage in Côte d'Ivoire requires (i) facilitating attendance to health services in case of sexually transmitted infections, marriage and pregnancy—for men—and (ii) strengthening routine testing offer on these occasions.
Positioning a brand as an internet meme: The case study of Supreme

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper develops the idea of how brands can be positioned as internet memes and why the strategy is even more timely and relevant in the current marketing landscape. A meme is defined as a unit of cultural transmission that evolves and mutates as it replicates from person to person. An internet meme is of great relevance today owing to the shareable aspect of social media and from the latter’s dominance among the youth. Companies that manage to position their brands as successful memes stand to gain positive externalities. Instead of engaging in expensive push marketing, they can co-opt the volition and creativity of the brand followers themselves to adapt and transmit the brand’s symbols and beliefs to their peers in the online space and further popularise the brand. The strategy can also backfire since the company perforce has to relinquish control over the brand’s interpretations and symbolism to the online users. The example of the youth fashion brand Supreme is offered as a case study to highlight online memetic positioning tactics and their resulting benefits and challenges. The paper concludes by providing implications for marketing managers from this contemporaneous approach to brand positioning.
Stionic Effect and Seasonal Nutrient Dynamics in Some Exotic Apple Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present studies entitled "Rootstock effects on seasonal nutrient dynamics and horticultural characteristics in some exotic apple cultivars" aimed to investigate differences of nutrient concentrations among different exotic cultivars on various rootstocks growing in the same conditions. During the investigation it was observed that leaf nutrient concentrations significantly varied with rootstocks during both the seasons. The exotic cultivars like Vista Bella on MM106 recorded highest leaf P (0.21, 0.20%) and highest K content (1.54, 1.55%) recorded in Starkrimson on both rootstocks. However, the maximum Mg content (0.30, 0.30%) was observed in Cooper IV on both rootstocks. Similarly lower concentration of P and potassium content (0.16, 0.15%) and (1.47%) recorded in Cooper IV, and minimum Mg nutrient content (0.25, 0.27%) recorded in Vista Bella indicating a definite effect of rootstocks on translocation of nutrients within the plant system. The seasonal variation of leaf nutrient concentrations during growth period indicate that early maturing cultivars viz., Vista Bella and Mollies Delicious recorded increase in nutrient content upto 30th of June, thereafter the trend decreased, while as the mid-season cultivars like Starkrimson and Cooper IV observed a similar trend upto 15th of July and decreased thereafter. The seasonal variation of nutrients in leaves indicate stability period of various nutrients like P, K and Mg in early maturing cultivars like Vista Bella and Mollies Delicious from 15th of June to 15th of July, while as in mid-season cultivars Starkrimson and Cooper IV the stability in nutrient concentration was recorded from 30th June to 30th of July indicating the appropriate leaf sampling period for these exotic cultivars as against the sampling time of existing cultivars which is from mid-July to mid-August under similar conditions.
In vitro nematicidal activity of a garlic extract and salicylaldehyde to the potato cyst nematode.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The in vitro nematicidal effects of an aqueous garlic extract, salicylaldehyde, a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant and a formulation containing these constituents were evaluated against the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida. Newly hatched, infective second-stage juveniles (J2) were placed for 24, 48 and 72 h in solutions containing concentrations of the formulation from 30.080.0 μl l-1 with 20% (v/v) potato root leachate and sterile distilled water controls. The garlic extract, salicylaldehyde and surfactant treatments were assessed at concentrations proportional to their occurrence in the formulation. Hatching assays involved a series of experiments in which G. pallida cysts were incubated for 8 weeks in potato root leachate solution containing different concentrations of the test substances. A second set of experiments involved incubating cysts in different concentrations of the test substances for 2, 4 and 8 weeks prior to hatching in potato root leachate solution to determine how prior exposure to these substances influences hatching and in-egg viability. The formulation caused 100% mortality at 75.0 μl l-1 with an LC50 of 43.6 μl l-1 after 24 h exposure. Salicylaldehyde was the most toxic constituent of the formulation with an LC50 of 6.5 μl l-1 after 24 h, while the garlic extract achieved 50% J2 mortality at 983.0 μl l-1, demonstrating that the formulation and salicylaldehyde are more toxic to G. pallida in vitro than oxamyl but less toxic when compared with aldicarb. The surfactant showed no dose-dependent toxic effects on J2 when compared with the controls. Emergence of J2 from the cysts was significantly reduced by concentrations of the formulation above 688.0 μl l-1 and its equivalent concentration of salicylaldehyde, while concentrations of the formulation above 2752.0 μl l-1 and the corresponding salicylaldehyde concentrations resulted in complete irreversible hatch inhibition. Concentrations of the garlic extract below 137.6 μl l-1 caused 26% more J2 hatch in comparison to the potato root leachate solution. This study has shown that salicylaldehyde is more toxic to nematodes than the garlic extract, and is the first report of a hatch stimulatory effect of a garlic extract on G. pallida under in vitro conditions.
Equipping Special Needs Ministries in the Church and/or School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Inclusion of children, teens, and adults with various disabilities within religious settings, private schools, and church is less common than that of a public school or work environment. Inclusion reaches far beyond just invitations to events or places, it requires physical adaptations, attitude changes, and/or environmental changes. This review of literature provides a leader or educator with relevant research as well as how to start an inclusive religious program. It discusses how to include these individuals within the church setting as well as what the role of said leader or educator could or should be. It also provides numerous teaching strategies and curriculum design or ideas a leader or educator could utilize to have the greatest impact on these individuals.
The effect of β1 adrenergic receptor polymorphism on clinic therapy in patients with chronic heart failure after metoprolol treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the association between 2 common polymorphism in gene β1 adrenergic receptor and the effects of β-blockade in patients with stable CHF.Methods On the basis of regular treatment,metoprolol was used in 40 patients with stable CHF.The dose increased gradually to objective dosage.Before introduction of β-blockade and 2 months after the maximal tolerated dose was reached.HR,BP,LAD,LVEDd,LVESd,LVEF and 6-MWT were measured.The codon 49 and 389 genetype for β adrenergic receptors were determined by polymerase chain reaction with restriction frament length polymorphism.Results Two months after treatment,patients homozygous for Arg at codon 389 had a nearly 2-fold greater improvement in LVEF(4.23±3.13 vs 1.89±2.40).patients having SR/GR diplotype showed the greatest improvement in LVEF(7.13±2.36) and 6-MWT(17.25±2.91) among other haplotypes.Patients with SR/SG diplotype had the least difference in LVEF and 6-MWT of four haplotypes.Conclusion Our data suggests that β1 adrenergic receptors polymorphisms are important determinants of response to metoprolol in patients with heart failure.
Characterization of thealgCGene Expression Pattern in the Multidrug ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiAIIMS 7 and Correlation with Biofilm Development on Abiotic Surface

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Relative quantification of algC gene expression was evaluated in the multidrug resistant strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 biofilm (3 to 96 h, on polystyrene surface) compared to the planktonic counterparts. Comparison revealed differential algC expression pattern with maximum 81.59-fold increase in biofilm cells versus 3.24-fold in planktonic cells (P<0.05). Expression levels strongly correlated with specific biofilm stages (scale of 3 to 96 h), coinciding maximum at initial surface attachment stage (9 h) and biofilm maturation stage (48 h). Cloning, heterologous expression, and bioinformatics analyses indicated algC gene product as the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) of ∼53 kDa size, which augmented biofilms significantly in algC clones compared to controls (lacking algC gene), further localized by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, molecular dynamics analysis on the three-dimensional structure of PMM/PGM (simulated up to 10 ns) revealed enzyme structure as stable and similar to that in P. aeruginosa (synthesis of alginate and lipopolysaccharide core) and involved in constitution of biofilm EPS (extracellular polymeric substances). Our observation on differential expression pattern of algC having strong correlation with important biofilm stages, scanning electron-microscopic evidence of biofilm augmentation taken together with predictive enzyme functions via molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, proposes a new basis of A. baumannii AIIMS 7 biofilm development on inanimate surfaces.
DS_10.1177_0363546519888488 – Supplemental material for Engagement of the Secondary Ligamentous and Meniscal Restraints Relative to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Predicts Anterior Knee Laxity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0363546519888488 for Engagement of the Secondary Ligamentous and Meniscal Restraints Relative to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Predicts Anterior Knee Laxity by Robert N. Kent, Carl W. Imhauser, Ran Thein, Niv Marom, Thomas L. Wickiewicz, Danyal H. Nawabi and Andrew D. Pearle in The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Permuted Sample Entropy

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Sample entropy (SaEn) was recently developed to quantify the amount of regularity in data. However, the computation of this feature in an online application is infeasible. In this work, we examine a heuristic approach using permuted limited number of samples to estimate SaEn and discuss estimation variability in this context. We conclude that the computation of permuted SaEn provides a fair estimate of time series regularity that can be used in online applications.
A Student-centred Conceptual Model of Service Quality in Higher Education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article considers the longitudinal service-quality experience of a sample of part-time postgraduate students over a 3-year period of study at a large UK business school. The qualitative research design is shaped by concepts in both the service quality and the educational quality literatures. The research identifies important aspects in students' evaluation of service quality and considers the role played by expectations in this process. The findings highlight three distinct stages in the educational service experience. First, the pre-course position, which is centred on service expectations. Second, the in-course experience and, third, post-course service value assessment. From these stages a conceptual model of service quality in higher education is developed. Finally, recommendations for further research are offered.
Precancerous hepatic nodules had significant levels of telomerase activity determined by sensitive quantitation using a hybridization protection assay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Telomeric repeat amplification protocol using internal telomerase assay standard (ITAS) (conventional TRAP) has detected telomerase activity in various malignant tumors. With conventional TRAP, it is difficult to differentiate quantitatively low levels of telomerase activity between well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and dysplastic nodules because of quantitative limitation. To apply a telomerase assay for differential diagnosis, we used a hybridization protection assay combined with TRAP (TRAP/HPA). This combination had better sensitivity and wider linearity than conventional TRAP. METHODS TRAP/HPA was applied for quantitative measurement of telomerase activity in various hepatic tissues. Telomerase activity was evaluated in 10 precancerous hepatic nodules, 17 well-differentiated HCCs, 19 moderately differentiated HCCs, 5 poorly differentiated HCCs, 22 nontumorous chronic hepatic disease samples, and 2 normal liver tissues. RESULTS Telomerase activity in HCCs tended to increase according to the malignant transformation. The average relative telomerase activity in 0.6 μg protein, which was expressed as cell equivalent activity of MKN-1, a gastric carcinoma cell line, was 8.5 in precancerous hepatic nodules, 87 in well-differentiated HCCs, 265 in moderately differentiated HCCs, 447 in poorly differentiated HCCs, and 0.4 in nontumorous hepatic tissues, including chronic liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS TRAP/HPA was sensitive enough to distinguish the telomerase activity in precancerous hepatic nodules from that in other lesions. Telomerase activity in precancerous hepatic nodules was higher than that in nontumorous hepatic tissues. However, the activity in precancerous hepatic nodules was lower than that in well-differentiated HCCs, although statistically not significant. The authors suggest that precancerous hepatic nodules with telomerase activity above the diagnostic cutoff level (twice the highest activity in nontumorous hepatic tissues, or the 2 cell equivalent activity of MKN-1) should be treated as malignancy. Cancer 2000;88:312–7. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
"Age of computers:" an innovative combination of history and computer game elements for teaching computer fundamentals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Age of computers (AoC) is an online multiplayer game used in teaching of computer fundamentals in a M.Sc. study in computer science. It supplements traditional auditorium lectures by a rich set of problems in a computer game like environment. The story of the game is linked to the historical periods (epochs) of computers, and the content is organized in rooms or places on a map. A chat window for each historical period is used for communication with other students and teaching assistants. The first version of AoC was used in a class with 250 students. Almost all students agreed that "AoC is more motivating than traditional exercises", and a majority claimed that they learn more through AoC than by traditional exercises. We are currently working on an improved version of AoC for the 2004 fall semester based on the feedback from an extensive questionnaire.
Patterns of Business Partnership of Convection in the Suci Region of Bandung

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Convection in the Suci region of Bandung is a business that has been established since the era of monetary crisis in Indonesia. It continues to grow today. Suci convection business development cannot be separated from a partnership run by the businesses convections. The aim of this study is to determine patterns of partnership that have been established by the operators of convection and the benefits of such a partnership. This study uses the theory of a partnership under the Act. Respondents in this study are the business-owners on the convection area between Surapati-Cicaheum Road. The method used in this research is descriptive method that describes the status of human groups, an object of an asset condition, a system of thought or a class of events in the present. The results of research show that the partnership pattern contained on Suci convection business is a partnership subcontracting and partnership schemes plasma core. The partnership pattern that has been running this provides many benefits to businesses this Suci convection. The businesses have benefited the owners of convection and supporting businesses, which consists of businesses setting design, sewing business, and business screen-printing.
A Triple Helix systems approach to strengthening the innovation potential of the Western Balkan countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the impediments to and perspectives of developing Triple Helix systems in the Western Balkan countries (WBCs) that are recognised as an area for future EU enlargement. Based on the level of maturity and performance of the main components of their innovation systems (research potential, R&D-and non-R&D-based innovation, and innovation governance), three types of WBCs are identified, with low, medium and good perspectives for developing Triple Helix systems, respectively. The analysis draws on a comparative study of the national innovation systems of the WBCs carried out by the FP7 WBC-INCO.NET project 1 . The paper concludes that the significance of Triple Helix systems for advancing innovation is increasing in all the WBCs, despite their current weaknesses, due to the global economic restructuring that requires a novel type of industry based on R&D-driven innovation and advanced technologies, where universities could have a leading role.
Surgically Reduced Cornea Astigmatism Post-Pterygium Excision Followed by Conjunctival Autograft at Preah Ang Duong Hospital: Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate cornea astigmatism change in pre-and post-operative pterygium excision using keratometry (differential K1 and K2) with respect to the size of pterygium and visual acuity outcome. Methods: A prospective study was conducted. There were 57 eyes that were underwent pterygium excision followed by conjunctival Autograft were selected between 1st March 2023 to 30th August 2023 using a convenient sampling technique. The participants were asked for consent form at Department of Ophthalmology, Preah Ang Duong Hospital. The effect of surgery on astigmatism was evaluated 1 to 2 weeks and 1 to 2 months after the surgery and the preoperative and the postoperative results were compared. Data analysis was done by Microsoft Excel 2016 for Window. Result: There was a significant reduction of astigmatism after pterygium surgery. The mean preoperative keratometry was 2.05 D which improved to 1.51 D at day 1 post-operatively and to 1.01 D at 1-2 weeks to 0.78D at 1-2 months. The willingness of the patients for pterygium surgery has the highest percentage in grade II pterygium, which accounted for 73.21%. The number of patients with astigmatism was seen to increase with the grade of pterygium. The mean age of the patients was 51.25 ± 23.53 years old, in which 27(54%) were male. Conclusion:The results of this study have shown an improvement in reducing the pterygium induced corneal astigmatism after surgery.
Jürgen Habermas on Linking Systems and Action Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Theoretical discussions have served to bridge the gap separating systems- and action-theoretical approaches; however, the question of their basic compatibility has rarely been raised. This paper takes up the effort of Jürgen Habermas at linking systems and action theory. Habermas seeks to overcome the limits of the theory of action by widening its scope in systems-theoretical terms. Successful synthesis eludes this effort: too much emphasis is placed on the systemic aspect, reducing actors to the mere executing agents of systemic needs. The combination of theories of structure and action provides a way out of this dilemma.
Words: 3,433 + (3 Tables and Figures)*250 = 4,433. Paper Submitted for Presentation at the Midwest Transportation Consortium Student Conference, Fall 2005

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Opposing left-turning vehicles at signalized intersections block each others ’ view of oncoming traffic. The ability to see oncoming traffic is critical for safe negotiation of left-turns at intersections during a permitted left-turn phase of the signal. Offsetting of opposing left-turn lanes at signalized intersections improves sight distance for left-turning motorists. This paper reports on a case study conducted in the City of Lincoln, Nebraska that was aimed at analyzing the safety benefits from offsetting opposing left-turn lanes at signalized intersections. Data from before-after scenarios were analyzed using the empirical Bayes procedure, which accounts for the effects of regression to the mean. The multivariate regression method was used to estimate the expected number of crashes for a reference population of 36 non-treated intersection approaches with similar geometric and traffic characteristics as the treated sites. These estimates were then used to determine the expected number of crashes at the treated sites in the ‘after’ period, had the treatment not been applied. Results from this study indicate a 1.5 percent change in safety. Based on the results, the author concludes that safety improved (but only minimally) at the three treated intersections as a result of offsetting opposing left-turn lanes. Naik 2