jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Proper Financial Strategies for the Multinational Firms against the Global Economic Crisis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to find out suitable financial strategies for the multinational firms by analyzing financial ratios during the 2008 global economic crisis term. In order to achieve this goal, yearly data calculated from financial statements of the most and the least affected multinational firms from the 2008 global economic crises are used. For the purpose of understanding which financial policy is better during the economic crisis, the changes of common financial ratios of the multinational firms are analyzed for the term of 2007-2011. The results of the study show that since there are differences between the financial ratios of the least and most affected multinational firms from the economic crisis, the financial ratios used in this analysis can be used as convenient financial strategies for the sector in which the analysis was applied. OZ
Senam Osteoarthritis Bersama Untuk Menjaga Kebugaran Fisik dalam Rangka WPTD di SMK 7 Semarang

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Geriatrics is a branch of gerontology that studies the level of health in the elderly from various aspects, including: promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative which includes physical, mental and social health. In principle, geriatrics strives for a happy and useful old age. Throughout the world today, the number of elderly people is estimated to be more than 629 million people, and in 2025 it is projected that the number of elderly people will reach 1.2 billion. Indonesia is a country that has a fairly high number of elderly people. In 2010 the number of elderly aged 65 years and over was 11 million, and it is projected that in 2020 the number of elderly will increase by 7.2%. Even the United States Census Bureau estimates that Indonesia will experience the largest increase in elderly citizens in the world in 2025, namely 414%. The increasing number of elderly will affect the welfare of the elderly (Ministry of Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia. 2012). The increase in the elderly population is of course accompanied by the risk of various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, neuromuscular disease and lung disease. Around 50-80% of elderly people aged more than 65 years will experience more than one chronic disease. This is related to the fact that the older you get, the more health problems you experience. One way to improve the quality of life for the elderly is to do physical exercise. Physical exercise can maintain or improve flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, strength and balance. Several studies show that physical exercise has a consistent effect in reducing the risk of falls in healthy older adults. Kuptniratsaikul's research in 2009-2010 showed that simple balance exercises carried out by elderly people with a history of falls could reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly and significantly improve body balance. A 2017 Cuevas meta-analysis study showed that balance training programs showed the greatest effect in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. For elderly people who are not yet able to do balance exercises independently, they need professional assistance
Cloud Kitchen Development Analysis in Food and Beverage Industry: A Case Study in Jakarta

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the development of the concept of "Cloud Kitchen" or "Dark Kitchen" or "Virtual Kitchen" in DKI Jakarta. In addition, exploration of each brand is carried out so that the potential of each brand can be seen. Empowerment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) also needs to be considered as one of the motives for cooperation in the concept of "Cloud Kitchen" or "Dark Kitchen" or "Virtual Kitchen" in DKI Jakarta. Actually, the concept of cloud kitchen is not a new thing in DKI Jakarta and its surroundings. Currently, in DKI Jakarta there are at least 7 cloud kitchen players, namely Dapur Bersama GoFood, GrabFood Kitchen, Everplate, Yummykitchen, Kita Kitchen, Telepot, and Eatsii. In the Stars position, the GoFood and Yummykitchen Joint Kitchens are in that quadrant. Meanwhile, in the Question Marks position, there are GrabFood Kitchen, Everplate, Kita Kitchen and Telepot. However, for Eatsii it is still difficult to map considering that it has just established since 2021. The development strategies of these players are varied, one of which is the effort to support the empowerment of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta. The large potential of MSMEs in DKI Jakarta is a strategy for cloud kitchen players to increase their market share and growth potential. However, considering that this research is still qualitative and on desk research, further research is needed.
Comparison of open field and protected cultivation of five early table grape cultivars under Mediterranean conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The production of grapes for early table consumption is becoming more popular in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In this study, the cultivation of 5 early table grape cultivars ('Ergin çekirdeksizi', 'Uslu', 'Yalova incisi', 'Cardinal', and 'Perlette') in the open field and under protected cultivation were compared in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 seasons. For the protected culture, the grapevines were covered on 23 February 2004 and 24 February 2005. The phenologic observations, pomologic analyses, yield variables, and primary shoot growth were determined. When compared to open field production, protected production led to 15-18 days earliness. 'Uslu' was the earliest cultivar in both open field and protected cultivation. The cluster weight, cluster width, and cluster length of cultivars did not vary between the different production treatments. Total soluble solids (TSS) and pH values of both of the production types were similar. For 'Yalova incisi' and 'Cardinal', the yield in open field production was higher than that in protected cultivation. In protected cultivation, the effect of production sites on shoot development was greater than it was in the open field. The highest primary shoot length was observed in 'Uslu' in both treatments.
Investigation of sodalites for conditioning halide salts (NaCl and NaI): Comparison of two synthesis routes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sodalites with the general formula Na{sub 8}Al{sub 6}Si{sub 6}O{sub 24}X{sub 2} (where X = Cl or I) were investigated for ceramic conditioning of halide salts (NaCl and NaI). Because of the tendency of halides to volatilize at high temperature, two synthesis routes were tested to optimize the halide content in the sodalite phase. The first is based on heating at high temperature of a [nepheline NaAlSiO{sub 4} + salt] mixture prepared by a dry process. The second, performed at low temperature, consists of the reaction in aqueous media between kaolinite (Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}(OH){sub 4}), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the salt. The present study compares these two syntheses and examines differences between chloro-sodalite and iodo-sodalite based on X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The next step will consist in sintering the resulting powder samples to obtain dense ceramics. (authors)
A novel passive UHF RFID transponder with space division Anti-collision Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel space division transponder anti-collision algorithm for RFID system, which has been implemented in a passive transponder. Working at 915 MHz carrier frequency with 4W effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) from a reader, the tags can be distinguished by their diverse distances to the reader if the distance difference is larger than 0.11 m with communication range from 1 m to 2.5 m. Compared with a space division method using a multi-antenna reader, our approach only needs simple modifications of the transponder and reader circuits, which leads to negligible increments of circuit area and power consumption. Furthermore the proposed anti-collision algorithm can be implemented with any other tag anti-collision algorithms to achieve higher identification speed.
A tacit information

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Este artigo discute o aspecto tacito nos processos de geracao e transferencia da informacao e conhecimento, e sua importância para os estudos de Socializacao da Informacao. Para faze-lo propoe uma definicao nova de informacao e um modelo teorico que trata o processo de transferencia de informacao em dois niveis complementares, o que permite que o aspecto tacito da informacao seja exposto e enfatizado e nao esquecido e escondido como em modelos anteriores.
Trends in Mortality and Morbidity in Infants Under 500 Grams Birthweight: Observations from Our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND In our previous study, some changes were presented in obstetric care and we studied the morbidity and mortality trends of infants with <500 grams birth weight. Several neonatal protocol changes occurred during the study period. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in mortality and morbidity of premature infants in light of changing neonatal protocols. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of premature infants with <500 grams birth weight, born at our department between 2006 and 2015. We divided the study period into two 5-year epochs and compared mortality and morbidity rates. We calculated the duration of mechanical ventilation and non-invasive respiratory support, and also investigated the potential impact of the differences in clinical practice. RESULTS The survival rate was 30.8% during first epoch, which was significantly lower than the 70.4% survival rate during second epoch. There was no difference in the rate of complications between the 2 epochs. The total number of ventilator and non-invasive ventilation days was significantly lower in the second epoch. CONCLUSIONS We found significant differences in survival rates but no change in the incidence of morbidities between the 2 epochs. Therefore, although the number of neonates surviving with morbidities has increased, so did the number of those with intact survival. The increased survival of infants born with <500 grams birth weight is not associated with increased rate of morbidities. Protocol changes may have contributed to these findings; however, in a retrospective study it is not possible to separate the impact of individual changes.
The tail minimization algorithm and compressed sensing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is commonly assumed that the sparsity s needs to be less than one half of \nthe spark of the sensing matrix A, and then the unique sparsest solution exists. \nWe discover, however, a measure theoretical uniqueness exists for nearly spark-level \nsparsity from compressed measurements Ax = b. Specifically, suppose spark(A)-1/ 2< \ns < spark(A) - 1. Then the solution to Ax = b is unique for x with ||x||??? ??? s up to a \nset of measure 0 in every s-sparse plane. An iterative l???-tail minimization procedure \nis studied which recovers sparse signals uniquely with s < spark(A) - 1. A subset \nnullspace property is found, and is necessary and sufficient for tail minimization to \nsucceed. An error bound formula for signal reconstruction using a tail minimization \nprocedure is also obtained. We further show instead that the mere l???-minimization \nwould actually fail if s > spark(A)-1 /2 from the same measure theoretical point \nof view. A subset dictionary nullspace property (subset D-NSP) is derived as a \nnecessary and sufficient condition for tail minimization with coherent frames.
High resolution bottom backscatter measurements

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Acoustic bottom backscattering measurements and the corresponding geoacoustic properties of the ocean bottom are presented for an experiment conducted in the shallow waters of the North Atlantic. The bottom scattering strength data, which were obtained with a high resolution (narrow beamwidth) parametric sonar, were measured as a function of frequency (5–20 kHz), grazing angle (4°–10°), azimuthal angle (± 55°), and pulse length (0.4–10 ms). The supporting environmental measurements included box cores for determining the acoustic properties of the sediment and stereo photography for calculating the two-dimensional roughness spectrum of the sea floor. [Work supported by NAVSEA 63R.]
LifeCLEF: Multimedia Life Species Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Building accurate knowledge of the identity, the geographicdistribution and the evolution of living species is essentialfor a sustainable development of humanity as well as forbiodiversity conservation. In this context, using multimediaidentication tools is considered as one of the most promisingsolution to help bridging the taxonomic gap. With therecent advances in digital devices/equipment, network bandwidthand information storage capacities, the production ofmultimedia big data has indeed become an easy task. In parallel,the emergence of citizen sciences and social networkingtools has fostered the creation of large and structured communitiesof nature observers (e.g. eBird, Xeno-canto, TelaBotanica, etc.) that have started to produce outstandingcollections of multimedia records. Unfortunately, the performanceof the state-of-the-art multimedia analysis techniqueson such data is still not well understood and is far fromreaching the real world's requirements in terms of identi-cation tools. The LifeCLEF lab proposes to evaluate thesechallenges around 3 tasks related to multimedia informationretrieval and ne-grained classication problems in 3 livingworlds. Each task is based on large and real-world data andthe measured challenges are dened in collaboration withbiologists and environmental stakeholders in order to reflect realistic usage scenarios.
Ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane of rats with proteinuria due to subtotal nephrectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subtotal nephrectomy in the rat gives rise to progressive proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and glomerulosclerosis. The proteinuria antedates significant ultrastructural lesions demonstrable by conventional techniques; its mechanism is obscure. In this article it is shown that proteinuria in this system is not accompanied by evident changes in the ultrastructural distribution of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane, as determined by organ perfusion with two cationic probe molecules. It is suggested that the proteinuria may reflect a change in the steric aspect of glomerular ultrafilration, in which the loss of renal mass imposes a significant rise in capillary pressure in a structure whose capillaries are peculiar in the high pressures they normally sustain and in their lack of mechanical support from the interstitium. It is suggested that a sustained rise in capillary pressure overcomes the rigidity of the glomerular basement membrane, so that its pore size increases and proteinuria results from basement membrane failure.
Staphylococcus sciuri Gene erm (33), Encoding Inducible Resistance to Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramin B Antibiotics, Is a Product of Recombination between erm (C) and erm (A)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A gene which mediates inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B antibiotics, designated erm (33), was detected on the Staphylococcus sciuri plasmid pSCFS1. Analysis of the erm (33) reading frame suggested that this gene was the product of a recombination between an erm (C) gene and an erm (A) gene. Such a recombination event is a novel observation for erm genes.
Numerical Investigation of the MHD Flow Under the Influence of Heat Transfer in Rectangular Ducts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Liquid metal (LM) breeder blanket is a topic of great interest in the fusion reactor blanket design because of many advantages. In the breeding blanket of the fusion reactor, the dynamic viscosity of LM is impacted by heat transfer, resulting in the change of velocity distribution. The influence of heat transfer on magnetohydrodynamic flow in a rectangular duct at high Hartmann number is investigated by a coupling method. By this method, the velocity field is calculated through a second-order projection method, coupled with the temperature distribution computed by a finite-volume method. The numerical result without temperature influence is validated by Hunt's and Shercliff's analytical solutions, which shows very good accuracy. On the basis of this numerical code, the velocity distribution of a Hunt's case with temperature influence is simulated. The simulation result indicates that the velocity field is different from the benchmark solution as the result of the heat transfer.
Use of Discrete and Continuous Markov Chains for System Absorbing States

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of mathematical support and the creation on its basis of models that reflect the characteristics of the studied systems of project management is an important task of project management. The paper shows the use of Markov chains and oriented graphs in models of gradation of state of correspondence as the degree of project perfection. In the description of these models, the decomposition of the systems under investigation into certain discrete states is performed and a scheme of transitions between these states is created. The specificity of displaying different objects in homogeneous discrete-state Markov chains with discrete time is determined by the ways of calculating the transition probabilities. The model of success criteria for system absorbing states, whose presence radically changes the nature of the process, is investigated. A breakdown of the matrix to submatrices is carried out. A fundamental matrix was built, which made it possible to calculate different characteristics of the system. A fundamental matrix for a hypothetically simulated Markov absorption chain is considered, which gives the same prediction for the future regardless of the absolute value of the elapsed time. This property of the fundamental matrix illustrates the Markov property of a process, characterizing it as a process without aftereffect.
Package Enhancement Study for the 120-mm M831E2 Cartridge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An engineering study to reduce the cost of the existing 120-mm, target practice-tracer (TP-T), M831 tank cartridge, is being conducted by ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ. The redesigned cartridge designated M831E2, is packaged in the standard PA116 metal can used for the M831 and is subject to standard test and evaluation command (TECOM) rough handling tests. Testing at Aberdeen Proving Ground, 16 to 18 Jan 92, showed the 7-ft packaged drop (containing the cartridge) at -46 deg C to be the most severe of the rough handling package tests. Both the M831 and M831E2 combustible cartridge case sustained damage. A package enhancement design and test were run to study the possible improvements that could be made to the internal packaging components of the PA116 container to improve the survivability of the combustible cartridge case in the 7-ft packaged drop test. A 6 lb/cubic foot crosslinked polyethylene foam support added to the PA116 container at the projectile/combustible case cap interface gave substantial improvement to the survivability of the cartridge case in the 7-ft -46 deg C packaged drop test.
HIPAA privacy: the compliance challenges ahead.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Article reviews the HIPAA Privacy Standards' impact on healthcare organizations. It discusses whether a healthcare organization is a "Covered Entity" under the regulations, what information the Privacy Standards protect, what restrictions the regulations place on the use and disclosure of protected health information, what individual rights the Privacy Standards create, and what agreements they require between healthcare organizations and their business associates. The author provides relatively extensive guidance to organizations that are embarking upon their voyage of compliance with these broadly applicable regulations, but notes that the full extent of necessary compliance remains unclear, pending DHHS issuance of the next iteration of the rulemaking in this area. The Article was finalized in January 2002, before HHS issued any modifications to the Privacy Standards.
Heat‐stable milk powders

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many milk products are subject to high temperature heat treatments during the course of manufacture. However, when heating becomes severe, as in the cuse of sterilisation temperatures, there is an increased risk of milk coagulation, Examples of dried milks whose heat‐stable characteristics are of importance include heat‐stable skimmed milk powder which is used in the manufacture of recombined evaporated milk and also coffee whiteners. Factors that affect the heat stability of skimmed milk powder are discussed. These include milk composition as affected by seasonal change, processing factors such as the effect of preheat temperature, and the role of various additives which stabilise milk to heat treatment.
Can’t Touch This: Rethinking Public Technology in a COVID-19 Era

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

What do pedestrian crossings, ATMs, elevators and ticket machines have in common? These are just a few of the ubiquitous yet essential elements of public-space infrastructure that rely on physical buttons or touchscreens; common interactions that, until recently, were considered perfectly safe to perform. This work investigates how we might integrate touchless technologies into public-space infrastructure in order to minimise physical interaction with shared devices in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on an ethnographic exploration into how public utilities are being used, adapted or avoided, we developed and evaluated a suite of technology probes that can be either retrofitted into, or replace, these services. In-situ community deployments of our probes demonstrate strong uptake and provide insight into how hands-free technologies can be adapted and utilised for the public domain; and, in turn, used to inform the future of walk-up-and use public technologies.
When is Peer Aggression 'Bullying?' An Analysis of Elementary and Middle School Student Discourse on Bullying at School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many forms of peer aggression are referred to as "bullying" by students, parents and adults, and this can be a source of confusion in schools. The main purpose of this study is to explore the circumstances under which students characterize peer aggression as “bullying” incidents. A secondary goal is to examine the feelings students have about the effectiveness of reporting peer aggression to adults. Both objectives are intended to reveal information that will enhance communication about peer aggression and bullying between students and adults. Six focus groups with 54 students in grades three through eight were conducted. The groups were organized in patterns based on grade level and gender, and qualitative methods were used to analyze the results. The findings showed that although the students defined bullying in ways that are similar to the criteria in the literature, they chose different words to describe them. Younger students also expressed greater faith in the ability of adults to respond effectively to bullying situations. Older students preferred to confront a bully with equal force or to reason with a bully to stop the aggression.