jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A CASE OF ACUTE AFFERENT LOOP OBSTRUCTION FOLLOWING PANCREATODUODENECTOMY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は75歳女性.中部胆管癌のため膵頭十二指腸切除術(Child変法再建)を施行した. RTBD排液量が多いこと以外術後順調に経過していたが,膵管チューブ抜去後排液量がさらに増加し,術後35日目のRTBD抜去後腹痛,嘔吐,発熱と血圧低下を生じ,白血球数,肝胆道系酵素,血清アミラーゼの上昇を認めた.腹部超音波・CT検査で輸入脚腸管の拡張が認められ急性輸入脚閉塞症と診断した.内視鏡下輸入脚にlong tubeを挿入,ドレナージと造影検査を行った.輸入脚に狭窄が認められたためバルーンによる拡張術を試みたが,改善せず,初回手術より63日目に再手術を行った.激しい癒着に伴い輸入脚が横行結腸間膜部で圧迫され狭窄をきたしていた.癒着剥離は困難で輸出脚と輸入脚を側々吻合した.術後経過は良好であった. PD後のChild法などB-II型再建の場合横行結腸間膜部での癒着や圧迫による本症の予防のためには前結腸経路での再建が望ましいと思われる.
Halal certification mechanism for Sharia hotels in the development of Muslim-friendly tourism under Job Creation Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of the global halal industry is increasing and has received positive responses from various parties. Indonesia as a country that already has a culture that is attached to the halal lifestyle has the opportunity to develop its leading sector, namely Muslim-Friendly Tourism. Therefore, it requires attention and participation from stakeholders in the tourism sector such as the government and business actors in the tourism industry. In order to encourage the realization of economic improvement through Muslim-friendly tourism, halal certification instruments are needed in several units, one of which is a restaurant in a sharia hotel. The purpose of this study is to analyze the halal certification mechanism, especially in the Islamic hotel restaurant unit based on the Job Creation Law. In order to discuss this topic, this research uses normative juridical methods, utilizing secondary data, consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study found that there are fundamental changes related to the halal certification mechanism for business actors, including Islamic hotels under Job Creation Law. The changes referred to are in the mechanism and flow of issuing halal certification. Before the Job Creation Law, halal certification was processed over a long period of time and the applicant was charged a fee in the process. Meanwhile, under the Job Creation Law, the process of issuing halal certification is accelerated and services are expanded. This can encourage the development of Muslim-friendly tourism in Indonesia.
Some bio-optical characteristics of phytoplankton in the NW Indian Ocean

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 132:299-311 (1996) - doi:10.3354/meps132299 Some bio-optical characteristics of phytoplankton in the NW Indian Ocean Sathyendranath S, Platt T, Stuart V, Irwin BD, Veldhuis MJW, Kraay GW, Harrison WG Light absorption by phytoplankton and the parameters of the photosynthesis-light curve were measured in the NW Indian Ocean in January to February 1993. The light absorption characteristics of phytoplankton show some regional differences, probably reflecting changes in the phytoplankton population: cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.) were present in all 3 regions and dominated the phytoplankton biomass in the Somali Current area; prochlorophytes were mainly confined to samples from the Somali Current area; and larger algal species, including diatoms, were found in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The initial slope alphaB and the assimilation number PmB of the photosynthesis-light curve had dynamic ranges of 3.7 and 3.9, respectively, and appeared to be correlated with environmental co-variables such as nutrient concentrations and ambient light levels as well as phytoplankton absorption in the blue and red parts of the spectrum. Even though the sampling was confined to the mixed layer, there was some evidence of photoadaptation, suggesting that the rate of vertical mixing in the mixed layer was rather slow, compared with photoadaptation rates. The quantum yield of photosynthesis varied over a factor of 6, and was correlated with relative changes in absorption in the blue and red parts of the spectrum. The implications of these results for computation of primary production using photosynthesis-light models are discussed, with special reference to applications of remotely sensed data on ocean colour. Bio-optical characteristics . Phytoplankton . Light absorption . NW Indian Ocean . Quantum yield Full text in pdf format PreviousExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 132. Publication date: February 29, 1996 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1996 Inter-Research.
Modelling and locating unified power-flow controllers for static voltage stability enhancements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The task of modelling and locating steady-state unified power-flow controllers (UPFCs) for static voltage stability enhancements in power system planning is addressed. A hybrid UPFC model for power flow studied is proposed. The series side of the UPFC is represented by an ideal voltage source, while the shunt side is represented by an idea current source model. Equivalent relationships among our new models and existing models will also be investigated. Integrations of this hybrid UPFC model into existing Newton-type power-flow solvers are presented. Extensions of continuation methods for locating the voltage collapse point of power systems embedded with UPFCs are studied. Strategies of determining the UPFC rating and locations for voltage stability enhancements will also be discussed. Numerical demonstrations of IEEE 300-bus test system and Taiwan power system are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed UPFC model and the computational tool. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
evolutionary and developmental transformation and loss

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Both authors contributed equally to this article. SUMMARY We address the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms underlying fore- and hindlimb development and progressive hindlimb reduction and skeletal loss in whales and evaluate whether the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary mechanisms thought to be responsible for limb loss in snakes “explain ” loss of the hindlimbs in whales. Limb loss and concurrent morphological and physiological changes associated with the transition from land to water are discussed within the context of the current whale phylogeny. Emphasis is placed on fore- and hindlimb development, how the forelimbs transformed into flippers, and how the hindlimbs regressed, leaving either no elements or vestigial skeletal elements. Hindlimbs likely began to regress only after the ancestors of whales entered the aquatic environment: Hindlimb
Reconstructing debris transport pathways on constructional ridges : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Quaternary Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is generally accepted that Mt Ruapehu, Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, was heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene. Eight small glaciers can still be found on the summit of this active volcano. However, the glaciers have been retreating at a fast rate during the last few centuries. The scientific community has placed its main focus on the volcanic aspects of the region. Although most authors refer to the landforms that appear to be of glacial origin as ‘moraines’, no actual glacial studies have been undertaken so far to provide the necessary evidence that is needed to support this hypothesis. \nThe aim of this study is to use established field techniques in glacial geomorphology to (1) identify the extent of glacial deposits using diagnostic criteria and (2) to reconstruct the transport pathways of the Wahianoa Glacier. Four main diagnostic criteria have been used: clast morphology, macrofabrics, grain size distribution and the surface texture of grains. The Wahianoa valley has a very pronounced U-shape and is likely to be of glacial origin. The valley consists of two elongate debris ridges that are made out of unconsolidated, poorly sorted diamict of varying lithologies. \nThis study has identified that the activity and the composition of the volcano has lead to complex glacial processes. Glacial ice has advanced over a deformable bed and the glacier itself was probably extensively covered by supraglacial debris. The area has been identified as a pre-historic pathway for lahars and the volcano erupts frequently to produce fresh volcanic deposits. As the active vent has changed its position during the eruptive history of the volcano, the quantity and the location of the source rock that fed the glacier has varied greatly. This study is an initial attempt at unfolding the glacial history of Mt Ruapehu. This is based on field analysis of glacigenic sediments, rather than topographic and aerial photo analysis. The results show great complexity and the potential for further studies of other moraine systems on Mt Ruapehu.
Essential Roles of c-JUN and c-JUN N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) in Neuregulin-Increased Expression of the Acetylcholine Receptor ε-Subunit

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuregulin is a neural factor implicated in upregulation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) synthesis at the neuromuscular junction. Previous studies have demonstrated that the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) subgroup of MAP kinases is required for neuregulin-induced AChR gene expression. We report here that the neuregulin-mediated increase in AChR ε-subunit mRNA was a delayed response in C2C12 muscle cells. Neuregulin induced expression of immediate early genes c-jun and c-fos , which followed and depended on the ERK activation. Treatment of muscle cells with cycloheximide to inhibit c-JUN synthesis at the protein level and suppression of c-JUN function by a dominant-negative mutant blocked neuregulin-induced expression of the ε-subunit gene, indicating an essential role of c-JUN in neuregulin signaling. Furthermore, neuregulin activated c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) in C2C12 muscle cells. Blockade of JNK activation by overexpressing dominant-negative MKK4 inhibited ε-promoter activation. Moreover, overexpression of the JNK dominant-negative mutant inhibited neuregulin-mediated expression of the εtransgene and endogenous ε-mRNA. Taken together, our results demonstrate important roles of c-JUN and JNK in neuregulin-mediated expression of the AChR ε-subunit gene and suggest that neuregulin activates multiple signaling cascades that converge to regulate AChR ε-subunit gene expression.
Human-Machine Symbiosis, 50 Years On

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Licklider advocated in 1960 the construction of computers capable of working symbiotically with humans to address problems not easily addressed by humans working alone. Since that time, many of the advances that he envisioned have been achieved, yet the time spent by human problem solvers in mundane activities remains large. I propose here four areas in which improved tools can further advance the goal of enhancing human intellect: services, provenance, knowledge communities, and automation of problem-solving protocols.
Orthopaedics and its Name

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Unambiguous variant descriptions are of utmost importance in clinical genetic diagnostics, scientific literature, and genetic databases. The Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) publishes a comprehensive set of guidelines on how variants should be correctly and unambiguously described. We present the implementation of the Mutalyzer 2 tool suite, designed to automatically apply the HGVS guidelines so users do not have to deal with the HGVS intricacies explicitly to check and correct their variant descriptions. Mutalyzer is profusely used by the community, having processed over 133 million descriptions since its launch. Over a five year period, Mutalyzer reported a correct input in approximately 50% of cases. In 41% of the cases either a syntactic or semantic error was identified and for approximately 7% of cases, Mutalyzer was able to automatically correct the description.
A Tibetan Epektasis? Gregory of Nyssa's Understanding of Spiritual Progress and the Gelug pa Teaching on the Four Buddha Bodies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The notion of epektasis—an endless intellectual progress that never ceases and yet never fully captures the object of its longing—marks Gregory of Nyssa's understanding of the spiritual trajectory of the individual; it adumbrates the soul's ever more intimate familiarity with the divine mystery, but at the same time it also counters earlier Origenist construals of the Godhead as a finite reality that could eventually be grasped fully by the human mind. In the Tibetan tradition of Buddhism, the Gelug teaching of the four Buddha bodies offers an analogous conceptual articulation of the nirvanic insight, outlining its cosmological dimension, but also postulating the existence of a dimension of enlightenment (svābhāvikakāya) that is epistemologically exclusive to the Buddha. This approach counters alternative three-body accounts that foreground the universal character of awakening and its accessibility to all practitioners. The purpose of this chapter is to bring in conversation these two controversies within early Christianity and Vajrayāna Buddhism, underscoring the points of contact between the two traditions, while also evidencing the irreducible differences of their claims about subjectivity, cosmology, and the nature and purpose of spiritual practice.
Initiative procurement documents : the difference betweenThe United Kingdom and Malaysia / Nooriha Abdullah, Darinka Asenova and Stephen J. Bailey.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and make explicit the appropriate allocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis of documents and practices relating to risk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications for achievement of value for money or other such objectives in PPP/PFI.
Fig S2: Structural characteristics of mitochondria in contact with sarcoplasmic reticulum during postnatal heart development. from Three-dimensional remodelling of the cellular energy distribution system during postnatal heart development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Fig S2: Structural characteristics of mitochondria in contact with sarcoplasmic reticulum during postnatal heart development. All mitochondrial data are further grouped depending on whether mitochondria are in contact with sarcoplasmic reticulum/t-tubules (SRT) highly (≥5% contact; High SRT contact) or less (<5% contact; Low SRT contact). A) Individual mitochondrial volume (μm3). B) Mitochondrial surface area to volume ratio (μm-1). C) Mitochondrial sphericity. D) Individual mitochondrial length (μm), E) Average of Intermitochondrial junction (IMJ) area (μm). F) Average of IMJ area (% of mitochondrial surface area). N values: P1 – 549 High SRT contact, 54 Low SRT contact, 3 datasets; P7 – 261 High SRT contact, 219 Low SRT contact, 3 datasets; P14 – 460 High SRT contact, 366 Low SRT contact, 3 datasets; P42 – 941 High SRT contact, 159 Low SRT contact. Mean values of each dataset are depicted as square (High SRT contact; colored in blue) and triangle (Low SRT contact; colored in orange). High and Low SRT from same dataset are connected with line. Each red bar indicates Mean of all 3 datasets. ns, non-significant; **P<0.01.
Unpaid Labour, Labour Markets, and Capabilities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The chapter draws on the book’s notion of the politics of unpaid labour to examine the implications for the theory of capability in labour economics. Drawing from the novel theory presented in the book and supported by empirical findings in creative dance, residential care, and online freelancing, our argument asserts that the freedoms people enjoy—and which theories of ‘capability egalitarianism’ consider important for explaining equality in society—cannot be built ‘in silos’ as they are contingent upon a set of capability-providing collective arrangements of which labour market institutions and policies are key factors. In essence, labour market institutions and policies are just as important as civil, social, and political rights to guarantee equality in opportunities as they account for how far these rights are equally exercised.
Astasia abasia in corpus callosum infarction a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

右脳梁前半部梗塞により一過性起立歩行不能を呈した1例を報告した.本例は, 協調運動にて明らかな小脳性運動失調を認めず, 臥位では両下肢とも随意運動は円滑に行なえたにも関わらず坐位及び起立歩行は不能であった.また左手書字においてのみ失行性失書と思われる症状を示したが, 視覚, 聴覚, 触覚等の各失認や運動及び着衣失行, 失語, 皮質感覚等の皮質症状を認めなかった.起立歩行障害は, 発症数日目より急速に改善した.従来検討されてきた脳梁障害患者の多くは, 脳腫瘍患者や, 手術的脳梁切断例であり, 本例の如くCT上, 脳梁にほぼ限局した急性期脳梗塞と考えられる例で脳梁障害直後より歩行について検討した報告は見られない.Geschwind以来歩行障害は脳梁と関係ないとされてきたが, 本例の如く脳梁障害の急性期には一過性歩行障害を示す場合もあり, 歩行と脳梁前半部との間に何らかの関連がある可能性を否定出来ないと思われる.
Complexity and Simplicity in Doctor–Patient Email Consultations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract NEW TECHNOLOGIES HAVE FACILITATED DOCTOR–PATIENT EMAIL CONSULTATIONS (E-CONSULTATIONS). GUIDELINES FOR E-CONSULTATION USE IN DENMARK STATE THAT THEY SHOULD BE USED FOR SIMPLE, CONCRETE AND NON-URGENT QUERIES; HOWEVER, A SMALL-SCALE DANISH STUDY SUGGESTED THAT DOCTORS ENCOUNTER E-CONSULTATIONS THAT DO NOT MATCH THE GUIDELINES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO EXPLORE WHETHER E-CONSULTATIONS IN DENMARK REFLECT RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THEY SHOULD BE SIMPLE, SHORT, CONCRETE AND WELL DEFINED, AND IF NOT, WHAT FORMS OF COMPLEXITY ARE EVIDENT. WE INDUCTIVELY ANALYSED 1,671 E-CONSULTATIONS FROM 38 PATIENTS AGED 21–91 YEARS COMMUNICATING WITH 28 DOCTORS, 6 NURSES, 1 MEDICAL STUDENT AND 8 SECRETARIES. RESULTS SHOWED BOTH QUANTITATIVE COMPLEXITY IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF INTERACTION TURNS, COMMUNICATIVE PARTICIPANTS, AND QUESTIONS ASKED, AND QUALITATIVE COMPLEXITY RELATING TO PATIENTS’ PSYCHOSOCIAL CONTEXTS AND GPS’ BIOMEDICAL DISEASE PERSPECTIVE. THUS, DESPITE EXISTING GUIDELINES AND THE LEANNESS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EMAIL MEDIUM, MULTIPLE FORMS OF COMPLEXITY WERE EVIDENT. THIS MISMATCH HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS THE VALUE OF RE-EXAMINING EXISTING POLICIES AND GUIDELINES REGARDING EXPECTATIONS FOR E-CONSULTATION USE.
The External Electric Field-Induced Tunability of the Schottky Barrier Height in Graphene/AlN Interface: A Study by First-Principles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene-based van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction plays an important role in next-generation optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and spintronics devices. The tunability of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) is beneficial for improving device performance, especially for the contact resistance. Herein, we investigated the electronic structure and interfacial characteristics of the graphene/AlN interface based on density functional theory. The results show that the intrinsic electronic properties of graphene changed slightly after contact. In contrast, the valence band maximum of AlN changed significantly due to the hybridization of Cp and Np orbital electrons. The Bader charge analysis showed that the electrons would transfer from AlN to graphene, implying that graphene would induce acceptor states. Additionally, the Schottky contact nature can be effectively tuned by the external electric field, and it will be tuned from the p-type into n-type once the electric field is larger than about 0.5 V/Å. Furthermore, the optical absorption of graphene/AlN is enhanced after contact. Our findings imply that the SBH is controllable, which is highly desirable in nano-electronic devices.
Long-term outcomes of interventional treatment for Budd–Chiari syndrome with chronic accessory hepatic vein obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Interventional treatment is the main therapy for Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) with hepatic vein obstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes of endovascular management for BCS with chronic accessory hepatic vein (AHV) obstruction. Methods In total, 68 patients with primary BCS who underwent AHV dilation with or without stenting from January 2008 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The technical success rate and complications were recorded. Cumulative patency rates were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier curves and compared using the log-rank test. Results Technical success was achieved in all 68 patients, and AHV patency was confirmed by postoperative angiography. Fifty-two patients underwent balloon dilation alone and 16 underwent adjunctive stent implantation. During a mean follow-up period of 60.2 ± 30.5 months, AHV reocclusion occurred in 14 patients in the balloon group and four patients in the stent group ( χ 2 = 0.034, P = 0.855). The overall cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year primary and secondary AHV patency rates were 90.6, 76.6, 72.0, and 68.2% and 98.4, 91.4, 89.2, and 89.2%, respectively. The cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year primary patency rates of the AHV were 89.8, 73.8, 71.2, and 71.2% in the balloon group and 93.3, 86.2, 75.4, and 60.3% in the stent group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P = 0.934). Conclusion Interventional treatment of BCS with chronic AHV obstruction has good long-term outcomes. Both balloon dilation alone and adjunctive stent implantation can be used for AHV recanalization.
<title>IR glass optical fibers for CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser welding</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The TeX glass fibers, with high flexibility and relatively low losses, have been developed for many applications especially carbon-dioxide laser power transmission and radiometry. The use of TeX glass fibers to transmit thermal radiation of an object to a remote detector allows temperature measurements, without contact, in inaccessible and hostile environments. The TeX glass fiber sensor can detect temperatures in a wide range [minus 20, 200 degrees Celsius] with a resolution estimated better than 0.2 degrees Celsius at high temperature (200 degrees Celsius) and close to 1 degree Celsius at room temperature. The transmission of carbon-dioxide laser beam through a TeX glass fiber has been performed. More than 2.6 W have been obtained through a 1 meter long fiber by injecting the maximum input power of 6 W at the wavelength of 9.3 micrometer. TeX glass fibers are very promising for biomedical applications such as welding which require an energy transfer through the fiber and a temperature monitoring by another fiber.