jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
O1-S01.05 Estimating the rate of annual chlamydia screening uptake in US women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Annual chlamydia testing of all sexually active women aged 25 years and under followed by a repeated test 3 months after treatment is recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Data from the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) estimate chlamydia test coverage at about 40% per year in the last 5 years. We used empirical data and mathematical models to determine whether observed patterns of chlamydia testing are consistent with CDC guidelines and with actual trends in chlamydia prevalence in US women aged 15–25 years. Methods First, published data from women enrolled in commercial health plans from 2002 to 2006 (n=1 985 920) were used to estimate the annual chlamydia testing rate in women aged 15–25. Second, trends in chlamydia prevalence in the same age group were studied using data from 1999/2000 to 2007/2008 (n∼600 each round) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) model to estimate the annual screening rate that fit the chlamydia prevalence data best. The model described a closed population with behavioural parameters reflecting people aged 15–25 years. It explicitly incorporated sexual partnerships and took into account re-infection. Finally, the model was used to examine the effect of repeated chlamydia testing 3 months after treatment on chlamydia prevalence and to calculate repeat infection rates. Results The estimated rate at which women are tested for chlamydia ranges from 0.06 to 0.11 per year, which corresponds to a chlamydia test every 9 to 16 years on average and an annual coverage of roughly 10%. We found no statistical evidence that chlamydia prevalence changed between 1999 and 2008 in sexually active women aged 15–25 years taking part in NHANES. Predictions from the model of the impact of screening at a rate of 0.11 per year were consistent with the observed stable chlamydia prevalence. Repeat chlamydia testing 3 months after treatment at the estimated screening level hardly influenced population prevalence. The percentage of women with a repeat infection was highest 3.8 months after treatment. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the challenges of implementing chlamydia screening. This study suggests that low rates of chlamydia testing in the US have not reduced population chlamydia prevalence substantially.
[Incident of CMD in patients with non typical headache].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Headache is a very common symptom related to the craniomandibular disorders. In the last 25 years a remarkable number of research studies have proved the close relation between headache and dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. There has been many classifications of the types of headache but none of them has been accepted by the plurality of clinicians and researchers working on the subject. The commonest headache is the one named "tension/headache". Its frequency and its close relation to the craniomandibular disorders have been the reason for the systemic research of this subject with the cooperation of the neurologic clinic of the NIMTS. The material consisted of 35 patients who had headache as a main disturbance. There has been evaluation of their dysfunction as well as their neurologic condition. The results of the study have proved that a considerable number of these patients had headaches due to craniomandibular dysfunction. We also found out that many people suffer from craniomandibular disorders without knowing it. The results of the present research are according with those of similar studies of the international literature.
Accessible Online Addiction Treatment for Patients with Mild or Borderline Intellectual Disability

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes a research project on how to make online
addiction treatment suitable for patients with Mild or Borderline
Intellectual Disability (MBID). This project is done in
collaboration with a Dutch addiction treatment company, which
developed an online addiction treatment program in
collaboration with another company specialized in e-health.
This research covers how these addiction treatment programs
can be adjusted so that it takes patients with MBID into
consideration. This is achieved by developing a new prototype
with redesigned text and user interface, followed by analyzing
that prototype through usability testing and interviews
conducted with therapists experienced in this field. The
contribution of this paper is that it concludes that designing
effective online addiction treatment for patients with mild or
borderline intellectual disabilities is achieved by following
design requirements derived during this research. These
requirements describe how to design readable information and
display that information in a structure suitable for patients with
MBID. The design requirements have been evaluated and
discussed with therapists that have a strong background in
therapy involving patients with MBID. These evaluations
confirm the effectiveness of the derived requirements and
highlighted the possibilities and restrictions of the current
e-health environment in which modules are developed.
Relation between quantum probe and entanglement in n-qubit systems within Markovian and non-Markovian environments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We address in detail the process of parameter estimation for an n-qubit system dissipating into a cavity in which the qubits are coupled to the single-mode cavity field via coupling constant g which should be estimated. In addition, the cavity field interacts with an external field considered as a set of continuum harmonic oscillators. We analyse the behaviour of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for both weak and strong coupling regimes. In particular, we show that in strong coupling regime, the memory effects are dominant, leading to an oscillatory variation in the dynamics of the QFI and consequently information flowing from the environment to the quantum system. We show that when the number of the qubits or the coupling strength rises, the oscillations, signs of non-Markovian evolution of the QFI, increase. This indicates that in the strong-coupling regime, increasing the size of the system or the coupling strength remarkably enhances the reversed flow of information. Moreover, we find that it is possible to retard the QFI loss during the time evolution and therefore enhance the estimation of the parameter using a cavity with a larger decay rate factor. Furthermore, analysing the dynamics of the QFI and negativity of the probe state, we reveal a close relationship between the entanglement of probes and their capability for estimating the parameter. It is shown that in order to perform a better estimation of the parameter, we should avoid measuring when the entanglement between the probes is maximized.
THE PIT‐LIGHT, A NEW TRAP FOR SOIL‐DWELLING INSECTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new trap, the “pit‐light”, which combines features of a light trap and a pitfall trap is described. The pit‐light captures a wide range of insect species that move over the soil surface and selects against the mass of sundry flying insects captured by conventional light traps. The number of specimens and the range of soil‐dwelling species captured by the pit‐light is greater than for unbaited pitfall traps.
The History of Thinking about Leadership

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The topic of leadership is controversial. There are those who argue that leadership is greatly overvalued: that the success of organisations derives at least as much from serendipity as from strategy, vision or leadership. They argue that attempts to identify the characteristics of great leaders have proven to be inconsequential or contradictory and that generaliseable lessons about leadership are elusive. We believe that these arguments may have some validity but that they do not represent the overwhelming weight of research evidence; evidence that has become more convincing since the first edition of this volume.
Adhesion of oral streptococci to enamel and dental materials : studies using a flow chamber and microcalorimetry

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dental plaque formation on human teeth is the crucial etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of oral diseases: caries, periodontal diseases, and peri-implantitis. Dental plaque has been defined as a diverse community of microorganisms found on teeth as a biofilm, embedded in an extracellular polymer matrix of bacterial origin and including host components. Bacterial colonization starts with the adhesion of early colonizers, called pioneer bacteria, to the salivary pellicle on teeth as well as on dental materials within minutes after tooth cleaning. The early colonizers, mostly streptococcoci, contribute to plaque development and ultimately to oral diseases. Investigations of dental plaque, including bacterial adhesion, employ various in vivo and in vitro models and use microscopic methods to assess surface phenomena. The complexity of the oral environment makes it difficult to generate an in vitro system including all relevant aspects. The studies presented (paper I-III) were aimed to adapt two in vitro models, a flow chamber system and a microcalorimetric technique, for investigating adhesion of oral streptococci to human enamel, glass and different dental materials. The dental materials used for the flow chamber experiments (paper I + II) were titanium (Rematitan®M), gold (Neocast 3), ceramic (Vita Omega 900), composite (Tetric Ceram), and four different all-ceramics. The early colonizing Streptococcus sanguinis, S. oralis, and the caries-inducing S. mutans, and S. sobrinus were used as the model organisms. The saliva-coated materials were incubated with the bacteria in the flow chamber during one hour. Number and vitality of adhering bacteria were determined microscopically after staining. The results suggested that variations in the number and vitality of the adherent oral streptococci depend on the surface characteristics of the substrata and the acquired salivary pellicle. It also depended on the bacterial species, as S. mutans and S. sobrinus adhered about 10 x less than S. sanguinis and S. oralis. \n \nIsothermal Microcalorimetry (paper III) indeed allowed evaluation of initial bacterial \nadhesion of S. sanguinis to glass. Maximum heat flow measurements during adhesion were \nabout 10 fold lower than during bacterial growth. Experiments showed that increased surface \nareas, provided by increased amounts of glass beads, were associated with higher energy \nrelease. Heat flow was higher when cells were suspended in human saliva than in PBS. \nBased on these results both methods appear to be applicable to study bacterial adhesion to \nnew dental restorative or implant materials. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods are \ndiscussed.
Accuracy of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Patients With Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in a Tertiary Referral Centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare inherited connective tissue disease secondary to mutations within the COL3A1 gene. The diagnosis of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is challenging, and patient selection for genetic testing relies on diagnostic criteria, which have never been evaluated. Methods: All patients seen at a dedicated tertiary referral center for a suspicion of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome between January 2001 and March 2016 were retrospectively included in a diagnostic accuracy study. Major and minor diagnostic criteria of the Villefranche classification were tested for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, according to results of genetic testing. Results: N=519 patients were eligible for analysis dividing into n=384 probands and n=135 relatives. A pathogenic COL3A1 variant was identified in n=165 (31.8%) patients. The Villefranche criteria were met for n=248 patients with a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI, 0.72–0.85) and a negative predictive value of 87% (95% CI, 0.83–0.91). Diagnostic accuracy was highest for symptomatic probands (sensitivity 92%; negative predictive value 95%) with limited specificity (60%). Probands ≤25 years had the worst diagnostic performance. The revised diagnostic Criteria (2017) were less accurate than the Villefranche classification (overall diagnostic odds-ratio, 4.17 versus 7.8; probands diagnostic odds-ratio, 4.04 versus 18.1; and probands ≤25 years diagnostic odds-ratio, 2.36 versus 5.1) mainly due to a lack of sensitivity. Conclusions: The Villefranche criteria provide accurate detection of symptomatic probands in specialized practice but have limited specificity. The revised diagnostic criteria for vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have increased specificity, but its overall performance is poorer. The early clinical diagnosis of probands without family history is not addressed by both diagnostic classifications.
Motts Run Dam Outlet Rehabilitation—A Case Study Illustrating Design and Construction Aspects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a case study covering design and construction phases of sliplining the outlet pipe of the Motts Run Dam in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The reinforced concrete outlet pipe had been previously lined with an HDPE liner in order to allow the outlet pipe to be used for pumping water back into the reservoir. However, the liner did not perform as expected. An investigation of the liner determined that the existing HDPE liner had experienced major deformation. The County decided to remove the failed HDPE liner and replace it with a steel liner. The paper provides an overview of the challenges encountered during design and construction. The project was successfully completed in 2015.
The Relationship Between Psychological Hardiness and Mindfulness in University Students: The Role of Spiritual Well-Being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the research is to reveal the role of spiritual well-being in relationship between psychological hardiness and mindfulness in university students. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 561 university students with convenience sampling strategy who were between 17-49 years of age and were studying in Konya 2017 and 2018. The research is done in accord with relational scanning which is a subgenre of general survey model. In this research structural equation modeling analysis has been applied to test the relationships among psychological hardiness, mindfulness and spiritual well-being variables of university students. Structural equation modeling analysis has been carried out using AMOS 19 software. In the study, ‘Demographic Information Form’, ‘The Psychological Hardiness Scale’, ‘Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire’ and ‘Spiritual Well-Being Scale’ were used. According to the findings obtained from the research, the major independent variable which affects the psychological hardiness of university students was mindfulness. A significant positive correlation was found between mindfulness levels and psychological hardiness levels. It is also observed that there is a positive linear correlation between spiritual well-being and psychological hardiness and mindfulness.
Applications of the Methylotrophic Yeast Komagataella phaffii in the Context of Modern Biotechnology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Komagataella phaffii (formerly Pichia pastoris) is a methylotrophic yeast widely used in laboratories around the world to produce recombinant proteins. Given its advantageous features, it has also gained much interest in the context of modern biotechnology. In this review, we present the utilization of K. phaffii as a platform to produce several products of economic interest such as biopharmaceuticals, renewable chemicals, fuels, biomaterials, and food/feed products. Finally, we present synthetic biology approaches currently used for strain engineering, aiming at the production of new bioproducts.
Social competence in early childhood: An empirical validation of the SOCIAL model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social skills are the basis of human interactions and functioning in society. Social competence (SC) is thought to evolve gradually during childhood and adolescence via the interplay of multiple factors. In particular, the early years of life are marked by the emergence of basic social abilities and constitute the foundation for successful social development. The biopsychosocial SOcio‐Cognitive Integration of Abilities modeL (SOCIAL) posits that internal (child‐based), external (environment), and cognitive factors are critical to SC in the context of normal brain maturation; but this has yet to be shown empirically and comprehensively. This study tested the SOCIAL model in a sample of typically developing preschool children. Parents of 103 children ( M = 67.59 months, SD = 11.65) completed questionnaires and children underwent neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning (EF), communication skills and social cognition. Three‐step hierarchical regression analyses (1) Internal factors, 2) External factors, 3) Cognitive factors) confirmed that each step of the regression model significantly predicted SC. In the final model, general cognitive and socio‐cognitive factors significantly predicted SC above and beyond internal and external factors: children with lower temperamental negative affect and less parent‐reported executive dysfunction, as well as better non‐verbal communication and theory of mind had better SC. Our findings support the conceptual SOCIAL model, and highlight the importance of internal, external, and cognitive factors for SC in the preschool years. Identification of factors associated with early social development can inform both normative and clinical approaches to identifying intervention loci and optimizing SC in those at risk for maladaptive social functioning.
Adapting Smart Methodology for use with Subjective Rating Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decision making based on multiattribute utility theory involves analysis of complex decisions. Each possible course of action or choice is evaluated on a number of important characteristics, and the individual merit scores are then recombined into a single, global utility value for that option. This analytic approach reduces the demands placed on decision makers, and permits review and reconsideration of each step in the decision process. The Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique (SMART) is a method which employs uncomplicated data collection methods, yet produces results similar to more methodologically demanding techniques. Unfortunately, descriptions of SMART procedures do not describe a number of special tests and procedures that can be used with subjective rating data to improve their reliability and validity. A number of biases can occur in rating data, such as: lieniency and severity effects, the tendency for raters to make heavy use of one or the other extreme of rating scale values; sequential effects, biases produced by the type of ratings preceding a given rating item; and halo effects, the tendency for ratings of one characteristic to influence ratings of another. This paper describes several procedures that were employed to minimize these sources of error in a real-world application of SMART-based decision making. It is argued that the procedures employed enhance the credibility of the SMART results, and should therefore be used whenever the decision situation permits collection of appropriate data.
Design of a control system for an AI-enabled underwater robot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of this FYP report Is to design a suitable control system for an underwater robot system. Several factors were taken into consideration when designing this control system such as the type of controller to be used (PI, PD, PID). Experimentation were done in order to determine which type of controller was more apt for this project. Further research was done in order to implement a type of collision avoidance system into the control system that was selected and designed. The control system was designed and implemented using MATLAB and the simulation results will be provided.
Complement C3a-Induced IL-17 Plays a Critical Role in an IgE-Mediated Late-Phase Asthmatic Response and Airway Hyperresponsiveness via Neutrophilic Inflammation in Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Allergen-specific IgE plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Although there has been increasing evidence suggesting the involvement of IL-17 in the disease, the relationship between IL-17 and IgE-mediated asthmatic responses has not yet been defined. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the contribution of IL-17 to an IgE-mediated late-phase asthmatic response and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). BALB/c mice passively sensitized with an OVA-specific IgE mAb were challenged with OVA intratracheally four times. The fourth challenge caused a late-phase increase in airway resistance associated with elevated levels of IL-17+CD4+ cells in the lungs. Multiple treatments with a C3a receptor antagonist or anti-C3a mAb during the challenges inhibited the increase in IL-17+CD4+ cells. Meanwhile, a single treatment with the antagonist or the mAb at the fourth challenge suppressed the late-phase increase in airway resistance, AHR, and infiltration by neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Because IL-17 production in the lungs was significantly repressed by both treatments, the effect of an anti–IL-17 mAb was examined. The late-phase increase in airway resistance, AHR, and infiltration by neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was inhibited. Furthermore, an anti–Gr-1 mAb had a similar effect. Collectively, we found that IgE mediated the increase of IL-17+CD4+ cells in the lungs caused by repeated Ag challenges via C3a. The mechanisms leading to the IgE-mediated late-phase asthmatic response and AHR are closely associated with neutrophilic inflammation through the production of IL-17 induced by C3a.
Healthcare Sustainability Mode and Effect Analysis: Design, validation, and clinical application of the HSMEA tool to improve the environmental sustainability of healthcare

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sustainability is becoming more important in numerous industries, including healthcare. Action to achieve sustainability is undertaken by various means, such as the Green Deal Healthcare. Several tools exist that can assess the environmental impact of a certain industry or company, but no tools exist that aid in actively lowering this environmental impact. Therefore, the HSMEA (Healthcare Sustainability Mode and Effect Analysis) tool was developed. This method is based on the Lean philosophy and HFMEA (Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) tool and consists of six steps that aid in making a healthcare process more sustainable, in terms of waste production, energy use, or water use. With this tool, processes that contribute to these factors are identified in a highly structured and systematic way, and practical solutions are created and executed for these situations by a multidisciplinary team. This tool was validated in the academic hospital in Leiden, the Netherlands (Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum). Next, it was applied to two clinical case studies, assessing two processes that are currently present in the operating rooms of the LUMC. The HSMEA tool showed that with the implementation of four solutions, great improvements can be achieved in terms of waste and CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents production and recycling rate. These four interventions are currently being implemented in the LUMC. This novel sustainability tool has therefore proved its usefulness and clinical applicability in a healthcare setting. By implementing this tool throughout the hospital, it will support the hospital reaching its sustainability goals.