jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tsunami Waves off the Southeastern Coast of Sakhalin Island Caused by theEruption of the Hunga–Tonga–Hunga–Ha’apai Volcano on 15 January 2022According to Observations by Bottom Devices of Waves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The observation of waves (sea level oscillations) in the coastal water area of the southeastern coast of Sakhalin Island was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 using bottom-mounted high-precision ARW 14 K devices with one second discreteness. The analysis of the obtained time series revealed the presence of anomalous waves in the range of tsunami waves in January 2022. It is shown that the waves detected on 15 January 2022 with periods of 15 minutes–4 hours, significantly standing out above the background, are associated with volcanic tsunami waves. Spectral analysis of the time series showed that the maximum in the spectra of sea level oscillations found after the volcanic eruption is close to the period of the first mode of the shelf seiche. This indicates that incoming tsunami waves excite shelf seiches in the coastal zone and contribute to the generation of longshore and transverse seiches into Mordvinov Bay. Time series analysis made it possible to establish that the spectral density of sea level oscillations for the time interval of the beginning of the eruption of the Hunga–Tonga–Hunga–Ha’apai volcano from 21 December 2021 to 11 January 2022 significantly differs from the spectral density for the time of the Plinian volcanic eruption. An analysis of the statistical characteristics of sea level oscillations performed on two–day series in the range of periods 1 min–4 h for background waves and tsunamis showed an increase in the rms by 3.5 times for a time series containing tsunami waves. It has been established that for background time series containing tsunami waves, the coefficients of asymmetry and kurtosis differ little from“Gaussia” values. This indicates that the arrival of tsunami waves from distant sources does not significantly disrupt the stationarity of the wave field in the observation area.
Nine issues in metaphor theory and analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Starting as a review article discussing an important book on Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics, this article goes on to explore the distinctions between a) literal meaning and metaphor; b) conceptual metaphor and linguistic metaphor; c) creativity and convention in linguistic behaviour. It is now widely recognized that metaphor is a fundamental component of meaning in language, not a matter of mere decoration. The article suggests a new approach to the typology of metaphor, with an emphasis on semantic resonance. It argues that metaphors are generally a linguistic or cultural gestalt, rather than an experiential gestalt (as proposed by Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). It emphasizes the importance of statistical significance as a tool for recognizing relevant collocations (“frequency alone is not enough”) and discusses available statistical tools for this purpose.
The effect of addition of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica forsk) on physico-chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of Bali beef meatballs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nowadays, the use of natural agents for antioxidants and preservatives are increasing for safety and healthy reason. One of the potential natural agents for food application is Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk). The characteristics of physico-chemical and antioxidant activity of the meatball added with water spinach leaf powder (WSLP) were observed in this study. Different four formulas were employed: control, formula without any addition of WSLP; WSLP 0.5%, WSLP 1% and WSLP 1.5% each was added with 0.5, 1 and 1.5% WSLP, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the addition of WSLP lowering the cooking loss and pH value, but increased the WHC of the meatball. The study also showed that WSLP decreased the color parameters (L*, a* and b*), but increased the antioxidant activity. The WSLP did not affect the moisture, ash, protein and fat but significantly increased the crude fiber content. It can be concluded that the addition of 1% of WSLP in the meatball formulation enhanced the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of the meatball.
PENGARUH ASAM CUKA SAGUER TERHADAP SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAGING ITIK SERATI (Cairina moschata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

THE EFFECTS OF PALM JUICE VINEGAR TOWARDS THE ORGANOLEPTICS OF MUSCOVY DUCK MEAT (Chairina moschata). People in North Sulawesi are continued to develop duck farming. Most of them run their farm with traditional system. The species of duck developed in North Sulawesi of Chairina moschata is called Muscovy duck. Special treatments were applied in cook processing of duck meat especially to eliminate stink and tough texture. Palm juice vinegar containing acetic acid has many roles when it was added in foods stuffs including duck’s meat. The aim of this research was to evaluate the organoleptic taste of duck meat immersed in palm juice vinegar. The objects of this research were breast part of duck meat immersed and in juice vinegar and stored during 4, 8 and 12 days. This research used completely randomized design involving 4 treatments with 40 untrained panelists as replication. Observed variables were colors, flavors, meat tastes and meat tenderness. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further significant treatments. The results showed that immersion treatment of duck meat in palm juice vinegar stored during 4, 8 and 12 days gave significant effects (P<0.01) to organoleptic of duck meat. Further test with DMRT showed that immersion of duck meat in 12 days palm juice vinegar can be accepted by the panelists as the best treatment. Keywords: Organoleptic test, duck meat, palm juice vinegar
Computer Vision for the Visually Impaired: the Sound of Vision System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a computer vision based sensory substitution device for the visually impaired. Its main objective is to provide the users with a 3D representation of the environment around them, conveyed by means of the hearing and tactile senses. One of the biggest challenges for this system is to ensure pervasiveness, i.e., to be usable in any indoor or outdoor environments and in any illumination conditions. This work reveals both the hardware (3D acquisition system) and software (3D processing pipeline) used for developing this sensory substitution device and provides insight on its exploitation in various scenarios. Preliminary experiments with blind users revealed good usability results and provided valuable feedback for system improvement.
Toward net zero carbon homes: can the utilisation of commonly available renewable energy and energy efficient technologies allow an existing home to be retrofitted to be operationally carbon neutral?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The energy performance and greenhouse gas impact of homes has been at the forefront of Australian climate change mitigation policy discussion for several decades. Various levels of government have acted to improve the energy and carbon efficiency of new homes through planning and building regulatory instruments. Most recently the Building Code of Australia has been used to introduce minimum energy efficiency standards for new homes at 4 stars in 2003, 5 stars in 2006 and 6 stars in 2010. \n \nBut while improving the performance of long-lived assets such as new homes is a commonly used policy of developed nations, the relatively poor energy and greenhouse performing existing housing stock will continue to have a significant impact on global greenhouse gas emissions for many decades. \n \nThe concept of net zero carbon homes has been in the Australian policy debate since that target was set by the United Kingdom Government for new homes in 2007, with the policy commencing in 2016. And while the focus of the policy debate to date has been centred on the construction of new homes, can the same concept of net zero carbon homes realistically be applied to the existing housing stock? \n \nVery little information is available about the practical implementation of net zero carbon retrofits on existing Australian homes, and therefore little is known about the value of the concept in reducing the greenhouse gas emission impact of the existing building stock. \n \nThe research question was consequently framed as - can the utilisation of commonly available renewable energy and energy efficient technologies allow an existing home to be retrofitted to be operationally carbon neutral? \n \nThis research project aims to provide additional information into the national climate change mitigation debate through the careful and detailed examination of the practical application of renewable energy and energy efficient technologies to an existing home.
Development of Thin-Gap GEM-μRWELL Hybrid Detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) are used for tracking in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics because of their large area, excellent spatial resolution capabilities and low cost. However, for high energy charged particles impacting at a large angle with respect to the axis perpendicular to detector plane, the spatial resolution degrades significantly because of the long trail of ionization charges produced in clusters all along the track in the drift region of the detector. The long ionization charge trail results in registering hits from large number of strips in the readout plane which makes it challenging to precisely reconstruct the particle position using simple center of gravity algorithm. As a result, the larger the drift gap, the more severe the deterioration of spatial resolution for inclined tracks. For the same reason, the position resolution is also severely degraded in a large magnetic field, where the Lorentz E {\times} B effect causes the ionization charges to follow a curved and longer path in the detector gas volume. In this paper, we report on the development of thin-gap MPGDs as a way to maintain excellent spatial resolution capabilities of MPGD detectors over a wide angular range of incoming particles. In a thin-gap MPGD, the thickness of the gas volume in the drift region is reduced from typically {\sim} 3 mm to {\sim} 1 mm or less. We present preliminary test beam results demonstrating the improvement in spatial resolution from {\sim} 400 μm with a standard 3 mm gap μRWELL prototype to {\sim} 140 μm with a double amplification GEM-μRWELL thin-gap hybrid detector. We also discuss the impact of a thin-gap drift volume on other aspects of the performance of MPGD technologies such as the efficiency and detector stability.
Conclusion: Autobiography All the Same? The Assemblage of Cultural Memory, the Semblance of History, and the Dissemblance of the Other

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Black South African Autobiography After Deleuze: Belonging and Becoming Self-Testimony, Kgomotso Michael Masemola uses Gilles Deleuze’s theories of immanence and deterritorialization to explore South African Autobiography as both the site and limit of intertextual cultural memory.
Block components of generalized quaternion group codes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Codes in the generalized quaternion group algebra $\mathbb{F}_q[Q_{4n}]$ are considered. Restricting to char$\mathbb{F}_q \nmid 4n$ the structure of an arbitrary code $C \subseteq \mathbb{F}_q[Q_{4n}]$ is described via the Wedderburn decomposition. Moreover it is known that in this case every code $C \subseteq \mathbb{F}_q[Q_{4n}]$ has a generating idempotent $λ\in \mathbb{F}_q[Q_{4n}]$. Given the generating idempotent of a code $C$ we determine the different components in its decomposition $C \cong \bigoplus_{j=1}^{r+s}C_j \oplus \bigoplus_{i=1}^{k+t}C'_{i}.$ Afterwards we apply this result to describe the blocks of codes induced by cyclic group codes.
Turbo Decoding Principles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The fundamental principles behind binary convolutional turbo coding have been introduced, including the component codes, the interleaving, the trellis termination, the puncturing and the principle of iterative decoding. The central components of a turbo code encoder are the RSC encoders and the interleaver that links them in parallel by re-ordering the bits in the information sequence before they enter the second constituent encoder. Both optimal algorithms, MAP and Log-MAP and, suboptimal algorithms, Max-Log-MAP and SOVA depend on the tools, Log-likelihood Algebra, Soft channel output and the principle of iterative decoding algorithm. Turbo codes, due to their excellent error correcting capability, are being considered for the 3rd generation (3G) mobile communication standards, 3GPP, UTMS, and CDMA2000. Both parallel concatenation and serial concatenation were discussed and their decoding procedures were given.
The Interplay between Real Money Trade and Narrative Structure in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A narrative structure is one of the main components to constitute the genre of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). Meanwhile Real Money Trade (RMT) enables a player to adjust an ex post level of challenge by skipping the narrative structure of a game. However, RMT may concurrently disturb a player who enjoys game following the narrative structure hierarchically. In pursuance of developing the knowledge about the relationship between RMT and the usage of MMORPG, we investigate the role of the strictness of predetermined narrative structure. We present the dual structure of societies to describe a player that arbitrarily decides to reside in a virtual society. Then we adopt the social nominalism to explain how individual motif of playing a game is expanded to the nature of game. Finally, we argue that a game with weakly predetermined narrative structure is more positively associated with RMT volume, since these games arouse a player’s sentiment of fun by relying more on their socially oriented motivation. With empirical evidence from the Korean MMORPGs market, we proved the hypothesis.
Moodle-turnitin integration pilots

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This report presents findings of the Moodle-TurnItIn (TII) integration pilots, which took place in the 2014/2015 academic year. The purpose of the pilots was to examine the feasibility of integrating the originality check provided by the external TII online service within the Moodle submission portal. Moreover, TII as an integrated component of Moodle allows teachers to also take advantage the additional functionality that TII provides (for example, teachers can use the TII GradeMark for marking and feedback provision, QuickMark sets – a feature that allows teachers to provide feedback on specific criteria when using a rubric on an essay (e.g. structure, argument, data collection, analysis etc.). The integration further includes PeerMark – a feature whereby students are able to comment on each other’s work. This report details findings pertaining to the process and ease of use for integration, including the GradeMark, PeerMark and QuickMark sets features.
Macromolecular MRI Contrast Agents with Small Dendrimers:  Pharmacokinetic Differences between Sizes and Cores

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Large macromolecular MRI contrast agents with albumin or dendrimer cores are useful for imaging blood vessels. However, their prolonged retention is a major limitation for clinical use. Although smaller dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents are more quickly excreted by the kidneys, they are also able to visualize vascular structures better than Gd-DTPA due to less extravasation. Additionally, unlike Gd-DTPA, they transiently accumulate in renal tubules and thus also can be used to visualize renal structural and functional damage. However, these dendrimer agents are retained in the body for a prolonged time. The purpose of this study was to obtain information from which a macromolecular dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents feasible for use in further clinical studies could be chosen. Six small dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents were synthesized, and their pharmacokinetics, whole-body retention, and dynamic MRI were evaluated in mice to determine an optimal agent in comparison to Gd-[DTPA]-dimeglumine. Diaminobutane (DAB) dendrimer-based agents cleared more rapidly from the body than polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-based agents with the same numbers of branches. Smaller dendrimer conjugates were more rapidly excreted from the body than the larger dendrimer conjugates. Since PAMAM-G2, DAB-G3, and DAB-G2 dendrimer-based contrast agents showed relatively rapid excretion, these three conjugates might be acceptable for use in further clinical applications.
Beyond Endoscopy via Poisson Summation for GL(2,K)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the early 2000's, R. Langlands proposed a strategy called Beyond Endoscopy to attack the principle of functoriality, which is one of the central questions of present day mathematics. A first step was achieved by A. Altug who worked with the group $GL(2,\mathbb{Q})$ in a series of three papers. We generalize the first part of this result to a class of totally real number fields. In particular, we cancel the contribution of the trivial and special representations to the trace formula using an additive Poisson summation on the regular elliptic terms.
Factors influencing selective exposure to informative TV programs among urban women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are various ways to gain information nowadays in the era of information technology.It depends on who prefers which channels according to \ntheir tastes, comfortable, interests and so on. Different people have different channels for gaining information, as well as women that have their own styles of accessing information. Exposure to their favorite TV programs is one way of doing it.It is easy, interesting and can be catching up to the current news.However, a frequent explanation for the failure of influencing communications to produce significant attitude change has been that messages conveyed by the mass media permit the operation of the selective-exposure phenomenon (James & Samuel, 2003).These phenomena occur when there are \nsome factors which influence people to expose themselves to the media content.Hence, this research attempt to focus on two major factors, age and education, in order to test the hypotheses which are highly related to selective exposure \ntheory. Beside that, TV credibility also give an affect for the audience to select \nwhich TV programs portray messages that are suit with their preferences.TV credibility includes trustworthiness, accuracy and bias of TV viewing their content.All of these matters will be discussing further and focus on urban women and their TV programs preferences.Recently, urban women become very selective and they just choose TV programs which can fulfill their needs and interests.It is well known that urban women have a very less time to watch TV for any purposes. They have to think about their careers, family and life concurrently.Simultaneously, they will have \nless time to watch TV as one of the famous media. Thus, after realizing that this problem is happening in the real world, the decision had been made to conduct a research focus on exposure to TV programs of urban women according to their preferences.However, this study just focused on informative TV programs such as news and documentary
Crosstalk between Rho of Plants GTPase signalling and plant hormones

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rho of Plants (ROPs) constitute a plant-specific subset of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins within the Cdc42/Rho/Rac family. These versatile proteins regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, cell division, cell morphogenesis, organ development, and stress responses. In recent years, the dynamic cellular and subcellular behaviours orchestrated by ROPs have unveiled a notable connection to hormone-mediated organ development and physiological responses, thereby expanding our knowledge of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this signalling pathway. This review delineates advancements in understanding the interplay between plant hormones and the ROP signalling cascade, focusing primarily on the connections with auxin and abscisic acid pathways, alongside preliminary discoveries in cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid responses. It endeavours to shed light on the intricate, coordinated mechanisms bridging cell- and tissue-level signals that underlie plant cell behaviour, organ development, and physiological processes, and highlights future research prospects and challenges in this rapidly developing field.
THE TRW TWO-STATION, ON-LINE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTER.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the research and development of on-line techniques and their application to problem solving. For convenience, it is organized in several parts. Part 1 lists the published papers describing research problems solved in the course of this effort and summarizes the computational aspects of the multi-dimensional problem (a nonlinear diffusion equation) which received the most attention; the physical significance of this problem and a discussion of the results obtained is given in part 5. Part 2 contains a general description of the on-line system from the user's viewpoint, including some elementary examples of the 'constructive' aspects of on-line computing. In part 3 we have collected the on-line problem solving techniques developed in this program which are of general interest. These involve a blending of numerical and mathematical analysis somewhat different from that generally encountered in conventional computing, being best characterized as emphasizing a global rather than a local approach to problem formulation and solution. Part 4 constitutes a complete user's manual for the present system. It gives a detailed description of each of the basic programs. A general understanding of the on-line system can be obtained from part 2; parts 3 and 4 provide the detailed information needed to actually use this system. (Author)
Yarsley offers cut price route to BS5750

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Elucidating the genomic features influencing prokaryotic growth rates has always been a study of interest. Previously, it was observed that overlapping genes (OGs) play a crucial role in the prokaryotic genome size reduction. This study is focused to explore whether OGs act as a potential correlate of prokaryotic growth rates. For this purpose, we compiled a dataset of 25 archaeal and 117 eubacterial genomes and analyzed the inter-correlation between the proportion of overlapping regions in these genomes with their growth rates. Here, we observed that the proportion of overlapping region holds a significant negative correlation with generation time in archaeal domain, whereas no correlation was observed in the eubacterial domain. However, after masking the effect of tRNA, rRNA multiplicity and environmental diversity, OGs show an independent effect over growth rates in the eubacterial domain as well as in the archaeal domain. Moreover, the influence of OGs on prokaryotic growth rates provides different delineations in archaeal and eubacterial domains. In archaea, both long overlap frequency (LOF) and short overlap frequency (SOF) influence the growth rates by increasing the degree of operonization. On the contrary, in the case of bacteria, neither SOF nor LOF plays any significant role in achieving faster growth rates.