jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ESTABLISHED TIBIAL NON-UNION TREATED WITH ONE STAGE DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Sequential staged distraction with fixed rate and rhythm, alternative compression and distraction is well described in the literature to treat non-unions. However we looked the union in established non-unions of tibia using one stage distraction without further manipulation at the fracture site maintaining the stability. Materials and Methods: 12 patients with established tibial non-unions were referred during the period of 2001–2005. 2 cases were infected non unions. All patients were symptomatic and exhibited deformity at the non-union site. Ten males, two females were in the study group with a mean age of 39.2 years. The location of non-union was distal 1/3 of tibia in 8 cases and 2 cases of proximal and middle 1/3. External fixation was used to acutely distract the fracture (one stage) and tension the soft tissues to attain fracture stability. Infection at the fracture site required further operative debridement. Regular followup with radiographs to assess the union. Results: Osseous union was achieved in all the cases at an average time period of 17.2 weeks. There was no recurrence of osteomyelitis in the infected cases following secondary debridement. All the patients were pain free and fully mobile without aid at review. Conclusion: We concluded that acute distraction osteogenesis produces fracture union in selected established cases of non union. This method can be used to obtain impressive gains in the lengths of the long bones. Bone is uniformly produced regardless of the location of the non union. This is more patient compliant, effective and relatively easy to perform.
Alzheimer's disease and symbiotic microbiota: an evolutionary medicine perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Microorganisms resident in our bodies participate in a variety of regulatory and pathogenic processes. Here, we describe how etiological pathways implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be regulated or disturbed by symbiotic microbial activity. Furthermore, the composition of symbiotic microbes has changed dramatically across human history alongside the rise of agriculturalism, industrialization, and globalization. We postulate that each of these lifestyle transitions engendered progressive depletion of microbial diversity and enhancement of virulence, thereby enhancing AD risk pathways. It is likely that the human life span extended into the eighth decade tens of thousands of years ago, yet little is known about premodern geriatric epidemiology. We propose that microbiota of the gut, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and brain may modulate AD pathogenesis, and that changes in the microbial composition of these body regions across history suggest escalation of AD risk. Dysbiosis may promote immunoregulatory dysfunction due to inadequate education of the immune system, chronic inflammation, and epithelial barrier permeability. Subsequently, proinflammatory agents—and occasionally microbes—may infiltrate the brain and promote AD pathogenic processes. APOE genotypes appear to moderate the effect of dysbiosis on AD risk. Elucidating the effect of symbiotic microbiota on AD pathogenesis could contribute to basic and translational research.
Suprapiriformis exit of the sciatic nerve:a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body. It originates from the lumbosacral plexus (L4-S3). This nerve is subject to numerous anatomical variations, especially its relationship with the piriformis muscle. Total hip arthroplasties are one of the most performed procedures in orthopedics, and the later approach to this joint is quite frequent and care with the sciatic nerve is essential to avoid iatrogenic injury. We aim to report a rare anatomical variation of the sciatic nerve found during total hip arthroplasty in which the nerve passed above the piriformis muscle. Anatomical knowledge of these variants directly implies a better surgical technique, thus, the understanding the numerous dispositions of the sciatic nerve prevents iatrogenic injuries.
Modification and Characterization for Nickel-Based Alloys used in Ultra-Supercritical Units

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As global warming intensifies and the need for renewable energy grows, ultra-supercritical (USC) units have emerged as a key development in coal power technology due to their potential to improve efficiency while reducing emissions. Nickel-based alloys, known for their high-temperature corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and high strength, have become one of the most promising materials for USC units. This paper discusses the primary modification methods for nickel-based alloys, including high-entropy alloying and oxide dispersion strengthening techniques, and explores their effectiveness in enhancing the high-temperature performance of these alloys. Advanced characterization techniques were employed to investigate the microstructural evolution and creep behavior of the nickel-based alloys, which provide theoretical references and design ideas in related areas.
BST204 Protects Dexamethasone-Induced Myotube Atrophy through the Upregulation of Myotube Formation and Mitochondrial Function

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BST204 is a purified ginseng dry extract that has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses, but its effect on muscle atrophy is yet to be investigated. In this study, C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate for three days followed by the treatment of dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid drug, with vehicle or BST204 for one day and subjected to immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and biochemical analysis for mitochondrial function. BST204 alleviates the myotube atrophic effect mediated by DEX via the activation of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling. Through this pathway, BST204 suppresses the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases contributing to the enhanced myotube formation and enlarged myotube diameter in DEX-treated myotubes. In addition, BST204 treatment significantly decreases the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in DEX-treated myotubes. Furthermore, BST204 improves mitochondrial function by upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) in DEX-induced myotube atrophy. This study provides a mechanistic insight into the effect of BST204 on DEX-induced myotube atrophy, suggesting that BST204 has protective effects against the toxicity of a corticosteroid drug in muscle and promising potential as a nutraceutical remedy for the treatment of muscle weakness and atrophy.
Quantification of Scopoletin from the Roots of Argyreia Speciosa (Linn. F) Sweet Using HPLC Through the Concept of Design of Experiment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The roots of Argyreia speciosa (Linn. F) Sweet (family: Convolvulaceae) are used in Ayurveda to treat male reproductive and nervous system disorders. Objective Isolation of scopoletin from the roots of Argyreia speciosa, and development and validation of an analytical method using HPLC for the quantification of scopoletin from the root powder of Argyreia speciosa. Method Scopoletin was isolated from chloroform fraction prepared from hydrolyzed methanolic extract and identified using spectral studies. A reverse-phase HPLC-based analytical method was developed and optimized using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to estimate scopoletin from the roots of Argyreia speciosa. Scopoletin was separated and quantified using HPLC containing the C18 column and a PDA detector. The optimized mobile phase was methanol: water (pH∼3.2) [25: 75, %v/v]. Results The Box–Behnken design was used to optimize chromatographic parameters and the extraction procedure. The validation studies showed a linear relationship (r2=0.998) in the range of 1–40 µg/mL. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.28 µg/mL and 0.84 µg/mL, respectively, and the recovery values were found to be between 91.94 and 97.86%. The developed analytical method was found to be robust as well. The amount of scopoletin was estimated to be 0.024 ± 0.0016%w/w from dried root powder. Conclusion The recorded chromatogram and amount of scopoletin determined would serve as one of the standardization parameters to access the quality of raw material containing Argyreia speciosa. Highlights Developed analytical method may be adopted as a part of the standardization procedure for Argyreia speciosa in the quality control laboratory.
New improvements of MINHO Team for RoboCup Middle Size League in 2003

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although this research group has started a robotic football team in 1998, MINHO team has been participating in RoboCup only since 1999. The robots were completely developed by the undergraduate team members (mechanics, hardware and software), due to budget reasons, and every year new improvements had been made. The team came to a point where new improvements would mean complete changes in the robot design, hardware and mechanics. Therefore, this year major changes have been implemented. Being all member of an Industrial Electronics department, our main research areas consist of general electronics, computer vision/image processing, and control. In this paper, the major changes implemented are described and some results assessed.
Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in 2-19-year-old individuals in Uganda.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In southern Uganda, only sporadic cases of serogroup A meningococcal disease have been reported since 2000. As part of an immunogenicity study of the tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected twice, 4 weeks apart, from 2-19-year-old healthy individuals in Mbarara, Uganda. Only 15 (2.0%) of the 750 individuals carried meningococci asymptomatically. Most of the strains were non-serogroupable and none were serogroup A. However, two individuals carried a serogroup W135 strain, sequence type (ST)-11, similar to the clone that was responsible for the epidemic in Burkina Faso in 2002. Our study further demonstrates the geographical spread of serogroup W135 ST-11 strain and thus the potential epidemic risk.
Motivational determinants of loneliness in the freshman adaptation process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Анотація.У статті розглядається адаптація студентів до навчання у ЗВО.Цікавою проблемою виокремлюється почуття самотності як складне психологічне явище, яке переживається вчорашніми випускниками шкіл.Хоча почуття самотності в юнацькому віці не рідкість, воно виникає в результаті різних причин.Згідно мотиваційної теорії, самотність в юнацькому віці може бути пов'язана з порушеннями у взаємодії різних мотивів, серед яких можна виділити: прагнення до прийняття, страх відторгнення, а також мотиваційні ворожість і агресивність.Нейтралізація, профілактика самотності у процесі адаптації першокурсника потребує пильної та копіткої роботи й уваги
The optimal solutions under different RPDIs.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div><p>During mild moxibustion treatment, uncertainties are involved in the operating parameters, such as the moxa-burning temperature, the moxa stick sizes, the stick-to-skin distance, and the skin moisture content. It results in fluctuations in skin surface temperature during mild moxibustion. Existing mild moxibustion treatments almost ignore the uncertainty of operating parameters. The uncertainties lead to excessive skin surface temperature causing intense pain, or over-low temperature reducing efficacy. Therefore, the interval model was employed to measure the uncertainty of the operation parameters in mild moxibustion, and the uncertainty optimization design was performed for the operation parameters. It aimed to provide the maximum thermal penetration of mild moxibustion to enhance efficacy while meeting the surface temperature requirements. The interval uncertainty optimization can fully consider the operating parameter uncertainties to ensure optimal thermal penetration and avoid patient discomfort caused by excessive skin surface temperature. To reduce the computational burden of the optimization solution, a high-precision surrogate model was established through a radial basis neural network (RBNN), and a nonlinear interval model for mild moxibustion treatment was formulated. By introducing the reliability-based possibility degree of interval (RPDI), the interval uncertainty optimization was transformed into a deterministic optimization problem, solved by the genetic algorithm. The results showed that this method could significantly improve the thermal penetration of mild moxibustion while meeting the skin surface temperature requirements, thereby enhancing efficacy.</p></div>
An Evaluative Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Ergonomic Health Promotion Programne (EHPP) on Postural Health among School Children in Selected Schools of Chennai (TN)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Musculoskeletal pain among school aged children is a well-known concern as acknowledged by WHO. Many children are not involved in regular physical activities, and spend more time on screen without maintaining normal posture. Assessment of posture and creating awareness among children is very important to reduce the disorders musculoskeletal symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ergonomic health promotion programme (EHPP) on postural health among school children in selected schools of Chennai (TN). A quasi-experimental design was used, and samples for the study were selected using total enumeration and consecutive sampling technique. The tools used in this study were background variables of school children and their parents, Standardised Nordic Body Map Questionnaire (SNBMQ), self-structured questionnaire, ergonomic awareness test questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (paired and unpaired ‘t’ test, correlation and association). The study has given some suggestions and educational implications on postural health of students studying in elementary schools. Majority of the school children (65%) had musculoskeletal problems. Majority of children followed acceptable posture, were relieved from musculoskeletal symptoms, 65 percent had adequate knowledge, 35 percent had moderately adequate knowledge on ergonomics in experimental group of school children. The study revealed that EHPP benefits in not only reducing the musculoskeletal symptoms, but also increases the exercise frequency, academic performance, and improves knowledge of lessening the musculoskeletal symptoms among school children.
Opto-thermal analysis of a lightweighted mirror for solar telescope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an opto-thermal analysis of a moderately heated lightweighted\nsolar telescope mirror is carried out using 3D finite element analysis (FEA). A\nphysically realistic heat transfer model is developed to account for the\nradiative heating and energy exchange of the mirror with surroundings. The\nnumerical simulations show the non-uniform temperature distribution and\nassociated thermo-elastic distortions of the mirror blank clearly mimicking the\nunderlying discrete geometry of the lightweighted substrate. The computed\nmechanical deformation data is analyzed with surface polynomials and the\noptical quality of the mirror is evaluated with the help of a ray-tracing\nsoftware. The thermal print-through distortions are further shown to contribute\nto optical figure changes and mid-spatial frequency errors of the mirror\nsurface. A comparative study presented for three commonly used substrate\nmaterials, namely, Zerodur, Pyrex and Silicon Carbide (SiC) is relevant to vast\narea of large optics requirements in ground and space applications.\n
Training Resource Manual: The Use of Economic Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This is a training resource manual. It supports the development of training in the use of economic instruments - pollution taxes, user fees, property rights, etc, - for sustainable development in general and for environmental and natural resource management in particular.It is designed for use by trainers with some background experience and understanding of environmental and natural resource management and at least intermediate level economics. It is meant to assist such trainers prepare and deliver training courses that provide an understanding of economic instruments and a basic capability to use such instruments in a practical setting.
Socioeconomic inequality in functional deficiencies and chronic diseases among older Indian adults: a sex-stratified cross-sectional decomposition analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives Older adults with adverse socioeconomic conditions suffer disproportionately from a poor quality of life. Stratified by sex, income-related inequalities have been decomposed for functional deficiencies and chronic diseases among older adults, and the degree to which social and demographic factors contribute to these inequalities was identified in this study. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Data used for this study were retrieved from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health Wave 1. A total of 3753 individuals (men: 1979, and women: 1774) aged ≥60 years were found eligible for the analysis. Measures Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) deficiency and presence of chronic diseases. Method The decomposition method proposed by Adam Wagstaff and his colleagues was used. The method allows estimating how determinants of health contribute proportionally to inequality in a health variable. Results Compared with men, women were disproportionately affected by both functional deficiencies and chronic diseases. The relative contribution of sociodemographic factors to IADL deficiency was highest among those with poor economic status (38.5%), followed by those who were illiterate (22.5%), which collated to 61% of the total explained inequalities. Similarly, for chronic diseases, about 93% of the relative contribution was shared by those with poor economic status (42.3%), rural residence (30.5%) and illiteracy (20.3%). Significant difference in predictors was evident between men and women in IADL deficiency and chronic illness. Conclusion Pro-poor intervention strategies could be designed to address functional deficiencies and chronic diseases, with special attention to women.
Probing the structure and dynamics of the actinides from U through Lr using Regge-pole analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The structure and dynamics of the actinide atoms from U to Lr is probed through the electron elastic scattering total cross sections (TCSs) calculated using Regge pole analysis. The crucial Regge trajectories probe electron attachment at the fundamental level near threshold leading to stable ground, metastable and excited negative-ion formation as resonances as well as Ramsauer-Townsend (R-T) minima and shape resonances (SRs). A polarization-induced metastable TCS with a deep R-T minimum near threshold first appears in the Pu TCSs, marking the first break in periodicity in the actinides while in the Cf TCSs the R-T minimum manifests as a SR very close to threshold, demonstrating the second break. These results are consistent with observations. Moreover, the highest excited states TCSs of U and Pu exhibit the strongest fullerene molecular behavior among the actinides, implying their multi-functionalization, including nanocatalysis through their doubly-charged anions. Electron affinities are also extracted from the TCSs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Conjugated Enynes Including a Fluorinated Siccayne.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the physical and structural properties of basalt fiber

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Digital holographic interferometry (DHI), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effects of gamma irradiation on the physical and structural properties of basalt fibers. For this purpose, set samples of basalt fibers were subjected to different doses of gamma irradiation (3, 10, 25, and 40 kGy). The Mach–Zehnder interferometer was used to capture holographic patterns which are used then to determine the unwrapped phase. From the unwrapped phase distributions, the optical path difference within the irradiated basalt samples was determined. Thus, refractive indices, and birefringence of irradiated basalt fibers were determined at different irradiation doses using DHI method. XRD technique was used to investigate the effect of irradiation doses on the crystalline behavior of fibers. FTIR was performed to each of the basalt samples to evaluate the changes in the surface chemical properties due to radiation exposure doses. The morphology of irradiated fibers was examined using SEM. The results indicate that basalt fiber has a resistance to gamma radiation. There are no significant effects on the physical, structural and chemical properties were demonstrated of basalt fibers in the doses range of irradiation.
FEEDLOT AND CARCASS TRAITS OF PROGENY OF DAMS OF THE HIGHLAND AND HEREFORD BREEDS AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The performance of 122 progeny of Highland, Hereford, Hereford × Highland, and Highland × Hereford dams, bred to Hereford and Angus sires, was compared for feedlot and carcass traits in 1963 and 1964 at the Experimental Farm, Manyberries, Alberta. Progeny of Highland cows had lighter initial feedlot weights. The difference carried through to slaughter and carcass weights even though feedlot gain did not differ among the progeny of the four dam groups. Calves were slaughtered when Herefords were judged, visually, to have attained the highest market grades. At the same age, calves out of Highland cows had less muscle development and overall fat cover and, therefore, produced a lower proportion of desirable carcasses than those of the other three groups. Hereford × Highland dams produced heavier calves at weaning than the Highland × Hereford dams, and when calf survival in the feedlot was considered, that advantage was accentuated up to the time of slaughter. Progeny of Angus sires exceeded those of Hereford sires for live- and carcass weights, diameter of muscle fibers, and shear force required to cut a 2.54-cm diam core sample of meat. Steers exceeded heifers for all live- and carcass weights and for carcass length. Heifers had a greater fat thickness over the longissimus dorsi and a greater diameter of muscle fibers than steers.