jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marginal zone B cells mediate humoral immunity in artificial and natural active immunization against COVID-19

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background The role of marginal zone B (MZB) cells in humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2, particularly in the context of vaccination and natural infection, remains incompletely understood. MZB cells are critical for rapid antibody responses to pathogens, yet their contribution to vaccine-induced immunity versus natural infection, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly has not been fully elucidated. Methods MZB-deficient (FcμR-/-) mice were immunized with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-loaded virus-like particles (VLPs) to simulate infection. Mouse serum antibodies and BCR distribution were analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and single-cell sequencing. In human studies, peripheral blood samples were collected from two groups: vaccinated volunteers (artificial active immunity) and unvaccinated elderly with Omicron infection (natural active immunity). Volunteers' blood was taken at pre-vaccination (Pre), 7 days after the second dose (Post 1), 6 months post-vaccination (Post 2), and 7 days after the third booster (Post 3). Elderly patients' blood was collected during acute and recovery phases. Samples were analyzed using hypersensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay, protein microarray, and flow cytometry. Results MZB deficiency restricted the splenic BCR repertoire diversity in mice. In vaccinated volunteers, total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IgG, IgM, and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific neutralizing antibodies peaked at Post 1, declined at Post 2, and significantly increased at Post 3. Vaccine-induced IgM/IgG against RBD/S protein was confirmed via protein microarray. Compared to Pre, Post 3 saw expanded MZB (CD21+CD23-) and Tfh (ICOS+CXCR5+) cells in PBMCs. In unvaccinated elderly with Omicron infection, MZB cells in PBMCs rose significantly during recovery versus acute phase. Conclusions MZB cells mediate humoral protection against COVID-19 vaccination and natural infection. However, the elderly natural infection group had a delayed response, highlighting the need to prioritize vaccination protection for this population.
The monitoring of civil and political rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines, in turn, the monitoring of civil and political rights in the UK conducted by five bodies: the UN's Human Rights Committee, the UN's Committee Against Torture, the UN's Sub-Committee on the Prevention of Torture, the Council of Europe's Committee on the Prevention of Torture and the Council of Europe's Group of Experts on Action Against Human Trafficking. In each instance the examination focuses on what changes, if any, the monitoring bodies can reasonably claim to have contributed to within UK law and policy on human rights.
Lingual Function and Articulatory Competence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dworkin (1979) states that, of the 2.5 million children and young adults in the United States with a communication problem, 60% have a functional articulation disorder for which no psychologic or physical problem can be found. The oral mechanism examination is an established part of a speech and language examination for testing these children, and the tongue is the most important organ for speech (Johnson, Darley, and Spriestersbach, 1963). However, no conclusive rationale for the procedure or objective lingual measurements have been established. This research, therefore, was designed as a pilot study to investigate whether lingual structure and function are linked to articulatory competence.\nTwenty-four children from the four-year-old population were selected from Riverside, California preschools as subjects for study. These children had hearing and receptive vocabulary which were within the range of normal limits, as tested by a hearing screening and the revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. They were categorized according to articulatory ability· into one of three groups: normal, moderate, or severe. A 30-item protocol was developed, based on the Examination of Tongue subtest from the Dworkin-Culatta Oral Mechanism Examination. For 22 items, literature definitions and available norms were used in scoring each subject as "normal" or "abnormal". For the remaining eight items, which did not have norms reported in the literature, objective data were collected. For example, a strain gauge assembly was constructed to objectively measure lingual strength.\nEach child was examined following the protocol developed by this investigator. Results of the examinations were analyzed to determine if any of the tasks were significant between the three articulation groups. One item out of the 30, which tested diadochokinetics using sequential syllables was significant. None of the other 29 items was significant between the three groups. In view of this finding, the null hypothesis was accepted, except in sequential syllable diadochokinetics, indicating that very little relationship exists between lingual structure and function, and articulatory competence. This researcher has, therefore, concluded that performing an oral mechanism examination on all patients presenting articulation disorders is of limited value.
Evaluation of side effects and metabolic disorders in dogs treated with prednisone and deflazacort

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of adverse and metabolic effects caused by glucocorticoids used as antipruritic therapy in dogs. Two groups were studied. Group 1 consisted of six dogs treated with 0.5 mg/kg prednisone every 24 hours for seven days, subsequently on alternate days for one week, and then twice a week until 30 days of treatment were completed. Group 2 consisted of six dogs treated with 0.2 mg/kg deflazacort every 72 hours for 30 days. Clinical and laboratory changes were already evident 15 days after treatment onset in both groups. However, deflazacort promoted more metabolical alterations compared to prednisone with respect to hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and high levels of ALT and ALP. These values improved after the interval between prednisone administrations was increased, which reinforces the importance of protocols with spaced dosage in chronic therapies.
City with Smart Waste Management: Introducing Waste Bin Technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Population growth and urbanization have led to an increase in the rate of waste production, the lack of timely and proper management of which will have adverse effects on human life and the environment. Since most of the waste management costs are spent on waste collection and transportation, it is necessary to find solutions to control the huge costs of this sector. On the other hand, today, intelligent technologies are used globally as solutions to meet challenges in various fields such as agriculture to improve agro-industrial production, transportation, and waste management, which creates a concept called smart cities. One of the categories that has changed the concept of cities and made them have easier and smarter answers to various events and needs is the "Internet of Things", in which many cases and infrastructures with new hardware technologies and Software are integrated. Waste collection is no exception to this rule and efforts have been made to make it smarter. In this research, some of the latest innovations presented globally in order to make trash smarter have been examined.
R/V KAIREI KR16-10 Cruise Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

[CRUISE DATA] This site includes a cruise dataset acquired in KR16-10 on R/V KAIREI from 2016-09-07 to 2016-09-13. Observation contents: Bathymetry, Gravity, Shipboard Three Component Magnetometer, Expendable Bathythermograph
Drosophila Integrin-Linked Kinase Is Required at Sites of Integrin Adhesion to Link the Cytoskeleton to the Plasma Membrane

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was identified by its interaction with the cytoplasmic tail of human β1 integrin and previous data suggest that ILK is a component of diverse signaling pathways, including integrin, Wnt, and protein kinase B. Here we show that the absence of ILK function in Drosophila causes defects similar to loss of integrin adhesion, but not similar to loss of these signaling pathways. ILK mutations cause embryonic lethality and defects in muscle attachment, and clones of cells lacking ILK in the adult wing fail to adhere, forming wing blisters. Consistent with this, an ILK–green fluorescent protein fusion protein colocalizes with the position-specific integrins at sites of integrin function: muscle attachment sites and the basal junctions of the wing epithelium. Surprisingly, mutations in the kinase domain shown to inactivate the kinase activity of human ILK do not show any phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting a kinase-independent function for ILK. The muscle detachment in ILK mutants is associated with detachment of the actin filaments from the muscle ends, unlike integrin mutants, in which the primary defect is detachment of the plasma membrane from the extracellular matrix. Our data suggest that ILK is a component of the structure linking the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane at sites of integrin-mediated adhesion.
Mineral fertilization as a factor determining technological value of grain ofTriticum aestivumssp.speltaL.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In Poland, in recent years, there has been a great interest in growing spelt wheat. This is dictated not only by an increasing demand for food with higher healthy properties and unique taste, but also by a possibility of attracting farmers’ attention to this cereal as an alternative crop, with smaller requirements regarding the use of fertilization, as compared with common wheat. The aim of this study was to carry out the assessment of value of some technological characters of grain and flour of spelt wheat depending on different fertilizations with nitrogen ( I factor, n =3, 25 and 50 kg N∙ha −1 + control treatment) and foliar application of microelements (II factor, n =4, Mn, Cu, combined fertilization with Mn and Cu + control treatment). Based on the performed study, it was found that fertilization with nitrogen, microelements and their interaction had, on average for years, a significant effect on the values of technological characters. Introduction of 25 kg N·ha −1 caused an increase in the value of falling number, whereas total protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased as a result of increasing nitrogen rates up to a level of 50 kg·ha −1 . Of the variants of fertilization with microelements, the highest values of the analysed baking indices were found in the effects of combined foliar application of copper and manganese.
Bibliometrical Analysis of the Smart Grid Research

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Based on the information of 1924 articles collected from China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD), bibliometrical analysis methods are used to analyze the smart grid research.The results showed that: 1) the smart grid has got the attention of many researchers, core authors have been initially presented; 2) The main research institutes of this field are the professional institute in electric power field and universities with electricity professional; 3) Automation of Electric Power Systems, East China Electric Power and Electrotechnical Application are the main journals publishing the articles about the smart grid; 4) "Demand response", "Power system" and "Internet of things" are the keywords frequently appeared, which are the research focuses in the field of smart grid.
Improved Flame Retardancy in Polyurethanes Using Layered Double Hydroxides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Clays are inexpensive fillers and additives extensively used in polymer systems because of their low risk for health and the environment. They can be found in nature in large quantities with diverse types, shapes, and chemical structures. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most promising clays to improve thermal stability and flame retardancy of polymers ranging from thermoplastics to thermosets. LDH platelets are usually combined with conventional flame retardants, mainly phosphorus ones, resulting in synergistic effects. The dispersion state of LDH in polymers is a serious challenge, such that both the flame-retardant and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites should be optimized for practical use. Therefore, chemical modification of LDH has been considered to improve the intercalation of organic molecules in the presence of LDH via enlargement of clay galleries. Polyurethanes (PUs) are finding new dimensions year by year, and their composites with clays are becoming the most important parts of fire protection engineering ranging from automotive uses and coatings to construction and biomedical applications. However, the high flammability of PU limits its use in advanced systems. In this chapter, the mode of action of LDH in flame retardancy, as well as its ability to reduce the flammability of PU, are discussed through a survey of the literature.
Poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) /poly-(vinyl alcohol) and cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles as vanillin carriers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Besides being known by food and perfume industries, vanillin has also important pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The use of magnetic nanoparticles as carriers for a vanillin delivery system is a way to explore its benefits in human beings. In this paper, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles stabilized by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and containing magnetic CoFe2O4 and vanillin have been prepared using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, structure, and surface properties of the nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis loops, and thermogravimetric analysis. The spherical nanoparticles presented negative charge, with zeta-potential values ranging from −9.15 to −5.64 mV, high thermal stability, superparamagnetic properties, and excellent encapsulation of the vanillin (around 80%). Accordingly, such PLGA/PVA nanoparticles encapsulating vanillin and CoFe2O4 exhibited the desired features to suggest their potential use as drug delivery systems.
Review of Selene Arfini, Ignorant Cognition, Springer, 2019

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Knowledge and ignorance have been treated asymmetrically throughout the history of epistemology.Not only knowledge has hogged the spotlight, but it has been widely understood as explanatory prior to ignorance.In recent years, however, scholars have started to counterbalance this tendency and the problem of ignorance has been gaining prominence in philosophy and related areas.Not surprisingly, and despite these recent efforts, finding a satisfactory philosophical definition of the notion has proven to be particularly difficult.Ignorant Cognition, Selene Arfini's first book, is a bold attempt to face the problem of ignorance with full awareness of the issues mentioned above.Instead of ruminating about the analytical definition of ignorance, Arfini's strategy consists of exploiting our basic intuitions about ignorance throughout an analysis of its role in various dimensions of individual and social cognition.With a strong influence from Peirce's epistemology, she develops a thorough examination of the place of ignorance in the dynamics of belief and doubt, its influence on reasoning, and its "diffusion" in large groups.The book is composed of twelve chapters (in an article-like format) grouped into three parts.Part I presents an epistemological analysis of the "fugitive" nature of ignorance, its role in belief fixation, doubt, and metacognition.Part II deals with reasoning under uncertainty and explores what the author calls the "tenacity" of ignorance.Finally, Part III puts the focus on social cognition, and in particular, on how ignorance spreads in online communities and how this affects individual reasoning in various ways.It is impossible to do justice to all the sophisticated arguments and the wide range of topics that compose the book.In this review, I will focus on what I considered the most important and thought-provoking points of it.
Ngon ngot, c'est bon, c'est sucré. Note sur le sucre et les sucreries traditionnelles au Quang Nam (Viêt Nam)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through a presentation of the various forms and usages of sweets in a province of Central Vietnam, we can see lhat while sugar highlights celebrations and festivities, it has also become so highly valorized, due to its rarity, that the qualificative «sweet», whether in association with other words or not, is synonymous with savoury.
Local characterization of electronic transport in microcrystalline silicon thin films with submicron resolution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional maps of dark conductivity with submicron resolution have been obtained on in situ prepared hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) layers used for solar cells by atomic force microscopy with conductive cantilever. Comparison of the morphology and current image allows clear identification of Si crystallites. Pronounced current decrease has been detected at the grain boundaries. The technique was used to study initial stages of μc-Si:H growth, and we show how the incubation layer, detrimental for solar cells efficiency, can be minimized by pulsed excimer laser crystallization of the initial amorphous layer.
Blind Identification for Systems Non-Invertible at Infinity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method for blind identification of a system whose transfer matrix is non-invertible at infinity, based on independent component analysis. In the proposed scheme, the transfer matrix to be identified is pre-multiplied by an appropriate polynomial matrix, named interactor, in order to compensate the row relative degrees and obtain a biproper system. It is then pre-multiplied by a demixing matrix via an existing approximate method. Both of these matrices are estimated blindly, i.e. with the input signals being unknown. The identified system is thus obtained as the inverse of the multiplication of these matrices.
Aneurysms of the Sinus of Valsalva Associated with Severe Aortic Valve Regurgitation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (SOVA) are very uncommon, with an incidence ranging from 0.1 to 3.5% of all congenital heart defects.Such aneurysms account for only 0.14% of all open heart surgical procedures.SOVA are usually diagnosed as an incidental finding or after an acute rupture into an adjacent cardiac structure.Case Report: We report a case of SOVA associated with severe aortic valve regurgitation.Conclusion: Before rupture, SOVA may present with conduction-system abnormalities attributable to erosion into the inter-ventricular septum, thromboembolism originating in the aneurysm sac, and myocardial ischemia attributable to coronary compression.
Collaborator:

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main objective is to quantitatively and qualitatively determine how and when Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) loses pathogenicity and potentially transmissibility, after serial passages in vitro. We will replicate Xf in vitro for several generations, creating parallel populations that are not pathogenic and maybe not transmissible by insects. We will study host plant colonization by and insect transmission to grape of these populations. Once phenotypes of interest are identified (e.g. reduced pathogenicity or transmissibility), we will compare these Xf populations with the original isolate and search for differences. Tools to identify phenotypical differences will include pathogenesis and insect transmission assays, molecular differences will be identified with genomic and proteomic approaches. We will also be able to quantify the rate of genetic change in these populations, providing a molecular calibration data for researchers interested in Xf evolution, diversity and ecology.
Design of fiber bundle imaging system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problem that the conventional optical system can not be placed apart in different areas, fiber bundle imaging optical system is needed. With a flexible fiber bundle, the detection target can be imaged onto the sensor. This paper uses a fiber bundle with φ8mm, length 50mm, resolution 30lp/mm, hexagonal arrangement, and 0.3 numerical aperture as the main component. The front objective and rear magnifying optical system of the optical system are designed. It provides a complete imaging solution for fiber bundle imaging. Through the glass fitting of the designed optical system, the results show that the field of view of the system can reach 35°, the numerical aperture of the front objective is 0.29, the numerical aperture of the rear optical system is 0.3,.the modular transfer function of the front objective lens can reach 0.38 in 30 lp/mm,, and the modular transfer function of the rear magnifying optical system can reach 0.65 in 30 lp/mm,. It meets the requirements of field of view, numerical aperture matching, resolution and other parameters for fiber bundle imaging system. Furthermore, the selected glass are Chengdu Guangming's existing products, the system has high feasibility.
Repositioning of an alternative exon sequence of mouse IgM pre-mRNA activates splicing of the preceding intron.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a transient expression system of mouse IgM mini-gene constructs in mouse B-cell lines and in fibroblast L cell, we investigated splicing of the IgM transcript. We observed that the efficiency of splicing between exons C4 and M1 (C4-to-M1 splicing), the splicing reaction leading to the production of membrane-bound form (microns) mRNA, was drastically affected by mutations in a specific portion of the downstream exon (M2). The results show that the specific exon M2 sequence activates the C4-to-M1 splicing. This activation was not observed when splicing between exons M1 and M2 was abolished by base substitutions at the splice sites. These results indicate that positioning of the downstream exon is crucial for efficient splicing of the preceding intron.
Effectiveness of Adolescent School-Based Digital Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital school-based mental health interventions for adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method: The authors conducted a comprehensive search of digital school-based mental health interventions to identify studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa targeting adolescents between the ages of (10–19) years. Peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2009 and May 2023 were obtained through electronic bibliographic databases. Result: Only one study met the full inclusion criteria for this review. The included study tested a digital mental health intervention (“Shamiri Digital”) for treating depression, anxiety, and well-being in adolescents. The “Shamiri Digital” intervention demonstrated positive outcomes on depressive symptoms within the full sample. Discussion: The dearth of studies investigating digital mental health solutions for adolescents in low-income countries demonstrates a critical gap in intervention and research for adolescent mental health in resource constrictive settings