jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic Modulation of Learned and Innate Behaviors in Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats by Guanfacine

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Investigation of the precise mechanisms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other dopamine-associated conditions is crucial for the development of new treatment approaches. In this study, we assessed the effects of repeated and acute administration of α2A-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine on innate and learned forms of behavior of dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats to evaluate the possible noradrenergic modulation of behavioral deficits. DAT-KO and wild type rats were trained in the Hebb–Williams maze to perform spatial working memory tasks. Innate behavior was evaluated via pre pulse inhibition (PPI). Brain activity of the prefrontal cortex and the striatum was assessed. Repeated administration of GF improved the spatial working memory task fulfillment and PPI in DAT-KO rats, and led to specific changes in the power spectra and coherence of brain activity. Our data indicate that both repeated and acute treatment with a non-stimulant noradrenergic drug lead to improvements in the behavior of DAT-KO rats. This study further supports the role of the intricate balance of norepinephrine and dopamine in the regulation of attention. The observed compensatory effect of guanfacine on the behavior of hyperdopaminergic rats may be used in the development of combined treatments to support the dopamine–norepinephrine balance.
Characteristic of CdZnTe Defects Revealed by Etch Pits

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The spacial distribution of etch pits is studied by selected different etchants such as Nakagawa,Everson,EAg1 and EAg2 etchants.It is found that the etch pits on the two surfaces of(111) samples with thickness 21μm have not one-to-one corresponding relation.These results mean that etch pits on the CdZnTe surface don't origin from threading dislocations in the materials.The etch pits look more like precipitations,based on the spatial location property and the change of EPD during the heat treatment.So it may be incorrect to use EPD values to describe the dislocation densities of CdZnTe materials.
Connecting Object Data in Natural Stone Renovation Projects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Industry experts working on renovation projects rely on a wide range of information. Standards to connect this information are lacking, as well as tools to communicate the data with the industry expert. This study researches the application of semantic web technologies to connect heterogeneous data in renovation projects. Based on this connected data, we present a web-based linked building data viewer through which practitioners can ask relevant questions about a project. Close collaboration with industry experts led to time improvements and a positive attitude towards data-driven support systems.
0360 Associations of Sleep and Oral Microbiome Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The human mouth is densely colonized by microbial species. Evidence suggests reduced microbial diversity has been associated with chronic physical and mental health conditions; however, most of these small-scale studies have implicated the gut microbiome and involved children or adults. We examined associations of oral microbiome diversity with self-reported sleep duration among a representative sample of adolescents and young adults ages 16-26 years in the United States. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2012). Outcome variables: Oral microbiome alpha (α) diversity measures of richness and evenness: (1) Observed operational taxonomic units (OTU), (2) Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (FPD), (3) Shannon-Weiner index (SWI), and (4) Inverse Simpson index (ISI). Sleep exposure variables: self-reported sleep hours on weekdays or school/work days were categorized as very short, short, healthy, and long sleep according to AASM recommendations. Four separate Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were fitted to the sample to investigate associations between each α diversity measure and sleep duration, controlling for covariates. All descriptive and regression analyses adjusted for NHANES complex survey design. Results The sample included 1,332 participants, of whom 463 were ages 16-18 years, and 869 were ages 19-26 years. The mean age was 20.9 years, and 50.4% were females. Five in ten teenagers (50.6%) reported the recommended hours of sleep (8-10 hrs), while six in ten young adults (61.2%) had the recommended hours of sleep (7-9 hrs). OTU mean was 128.0 [95% CI:122.35–133.64]; FPD mean was 14.24 [13.87–14.62]; SWI mean was 4.61 [4.54–4.67]; and ISI mean was 0.90 [0.89–0.90]. Findings from GLM estimates showed that compared to those with healthy sleep duration, teenagers and young adults with long sleep duration (3% of participants) had significantly higher oral microbiome diversity, according to OTU, FPD, and SWI indicators: 43.0 [22.3–63.72]; 2.96 [1.16–4.76]; and 0.64 [0.07–1.21], respectively. No significant association was found between ISI and self-reported sleep duration. Conclusion Oral microbiome diversity is positively associated with longer sleep duration among teenagers and young adults. Further research needs to determine the potential mechanisms behind the associations observed in this study. Support (if any) NIGMS grant #P20GM139743.
Cloning,Expression and Establishment of the ELISA Detection Method of the S1 Protein of SARS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serological testing of SARS cases is very important for diagnosis and treatment of clinical patients,for control of SARS epidemics and the epidemiological study.A highly sensitive,specific and convenient indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was established by using the S1 protein of SARS coronavirus as the antigen.The S1 proteins were highly expressed independently using pGEX-4T1 expression system,and the target protein was purified by the inclusion bodies.The inclusion bodies were washed,lysed,refolded to a purity of 75?%.An indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against people was developed using the recombinant S1 protein expressed highly in E.coli as antigen.The best condition which is filtrated through experimentation of veaction is 5?μg per hole.Using the antigen expressed by purifying E.coli cover the board of enzyme-linked and obturate it with bovine serum then dilute uninspected serum with liquor of E.coli.The results show that the assay is characterized by its specificity,simplicity and economical cost.
Enzyme histochemical studies on tumor blood vessels.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The oxygenation, the growth rate and the metastatic potential of a solid tumor depend on its vascularization and, in particular, on angiogenesis; a therapeutic approach affecting angiogenesis has been suggested as an alternative to conventional ones. Especially the study of the metabolism in the cells of the vessel wall should be a useful prerequisite for this approach. In this connection, an enzyme histochemical study was performed to characterize the blood vessels in a solid tumor (Ehrlich carcinoma). The following enzymes were considered: (a) alkaline phosphatase, involved in the transcellular phosphate transport and in the response to inflammatory and growth promoting factors; (b) dihydrofolate reductase, involved in the metabolism of tetrahydrofolate (for the synthesis of nucleic acids and the metabolism of serine and glycine); (c) purine nucleoside phosphorylase, involved in the degradation of purines and, in particular, of extracellular ATP and ADP; (d) xanthine oxidoreductase, engaged in the same degradation path and leading to the formation of urate, a strong antioxidant. Various patterns of enzyme activities were observed in the vessel wall. In particular, thin linear capillaries (presumed to be host capillaries penetrating the tumor) were identified for the intense positivity of alkaline phosphatase, dihydrofolate reductase and purine nucleoside phosphorilase; tortuous capillaries with variable diameters (presumed to be induced by angiogenesis from the host vessels) were negative for the alkaline phosphatase and expressed an heterogeneous pattern for the dihydrofolate reductase. All the data suggest a different vessel behaviour concerning the response to cytokines and to inflammatory stimuli.
Form Follows Function in Community Rituals in North China: Temples and Temple Festivals in Jiacun Village

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Yingshen saishe or saishe is a general name for all types of temple festivals held to offer sacrifices to deities of local communities. With its roots traceable to ancient shamanic beliefs and practices, saishe demonstrates itself as a closely integrated form of religious ritual performance and musical/theatrical performance and proves to be instrumental in the development of Chinese theatre from ritual to drama. Based on my fieldwork on Jiacun Double-Fourth Temple Festival in May 2016, this paper offers a close examination of Jiacun temple culture and temple theatre with focus on the religious ritual performance and musical/theatrical entertainment presented during the festival. In so doing, this paper provides an enhanced understanding of the highly dynamic, interactive relationships between temple and theatre and between efficacy and entertainment.
New Karl Fischer Titrator now with direct digital readout.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTNew Karl Fischer Titrator now with direct digital readout.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1981, 59, 46, 26-APublication Date (Print):November 16, 1981Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 16 November 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v059n046.p026-ACopyright © 1981 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (162 KB) Get e-Alerts
GAIT SPEED AND HOSPITAL REINTERNATION AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Gait speed can be applied, predicting outcomes associated with hospital stay such as length of stay and/or discharge. Despite these studies that correlate gait speed with the aforementioned outcomes, when we deal with cardiac surgery there is a gap. Objective: Verify whether gait speed is associated with the risk of hospital readmission in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting. Methodology: This is a prospective cohort study. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent a 10-meter gait speed test and repeated at hospital discharge. After the repetition of the gait speed test, patients were divided into two groups: slow and non-slow. Those who were not discharged walked less than 1.0 m/s occupied the slow group and those who were above 1.0 m/s were classified as not slow. Patients were followed for six months to observe the primary outcome, which was the need for hospital readmission. Results: The 6 months rate of readmission was 58%(14/24;95%CI49%to80%) among slow walkers and 17% (6/36;95%CI13%to46%) among non-slow walkers(p=0.002).In univariate analysis, gait speed, treated as a continuous variable, was associated with the primary outcome (HR0.6;95%CI0.2to0.9), while age, gender, BMI, MV and CPB time were not. In the multivariate model including age, gender, BMI, MV and CPB time, gait speed remained the only variable associated with readmission (multivariate HR:0.5,95%CI0.1to0.7p=0.02). Conclusion: Our data suggest that gait speed is associated with hospital readmission in patients undergoing to coronary artery bypass grafting.
Curcumin protects the pancreas from acute pancreatitis via the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Curcumin has been demonstrated to reduce markers of inflammation during acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of curcumin are unknown. In the present study the effects of curcumin in an AP animal model and cell models was examined and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. An AP animal model was established by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of rats, and the cell model was established by treatment with 0.5 nM cerulein with an optimal concentration of lipopolysaccharide in AR42J rat pancreatic cancer cells. Amylase activity and arterial blood gas composition were assessed by automatic biochemical and blood gas analyzers. Pathological alteration of the pancreas was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by ELISA. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and protein expression levels were assessed by western blotting. Curcumin reduced the ascites volume after 12 and 24 h, the weight of pancreas after 12, 24 and 36 h of surgery, but also attenuated injury to the pancreas. Serum expression levels of TNF‑α and CRP were reduced by curcumin. In addition, curcumin decreased the cell viability, amylase activity and the phosphorylation of p38 in AR42J cells, but did not affect the intracellular levels of IL‑6 and TNF‑α. Curcumin may lower the severity and inflammatory response via the mitogen‑activated protein kinase‑signaling pathway, to some extent. However, future studies are required to fully understand the protective effects of curcumin on AP.
Post Keynesian Economics and Sustainable Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Post Keynesian economics (PKE), as part of heterodox economics, holds presuppositions that emphasise realism, holism, reasonable rationality, production and instability instead of instrumentalism, atomism, absolute rationality, scarcity and market equilibrium. PKE is distinguished by its focus on some core interrelated ideas: the principle of effective demand, causality running from investment to saving, an environment of strong uncertainty, the insistence that time is historical and irreversible and the study of a monetised production economy. The principle of effective demand derives from the notion of strong uncertainty that underlies all of Keynes's economic philosophy and is a forerunner of the precautionary principle. Keynes was not only a famous economist, he was a lover of the Arts. As such, his social economic philosophy is marked with the search for beauty. Keynes feels that the purpose of life is to enjoy beauty, knowledge, friendship, and love, all concepts that are not primarily concerned with economics.
An Insight to Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Millet Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Millet has been used in Africa and India as a staple food for thousands of years. Typical grain texture and hard seed coat of millets increase their keeping quality but make them difficult to process as well as to cook in convenient form. Lipase activity is the major cause of spoilage of millet meal, so its inactivation by dry heat treatment before milling improves the meal quality. Parboiling is a hydrothermal treatment which helps in enhancing the grain hardness and improves milling characteristics. Simple milling process might trigger oxidative rancidity and development of off flavour during storage of both grains and flour, so it is best to grind the flour right before it is to be used. The packaging of dehusked millets in polyethylene teraphthalate or gunny bags with polyethylene lining are recommended for safe storage. Although this practice produces slightly moist flour, parboiling increases the dehusking efficiency of kodo millet and eliminate the stickiness in cooked finger millet porridge.
Solar Irradiance Forecasting using Decision Tree and Ensemble Models

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Sun's radiation is the pivotal driving force of the Earth and its prediction is quite significant for conducting numerous research projects in Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The solar resource being an intermittent one, improvement in solar radiation prediction accuracy is strived for, to reduce uncertainty in RESs and enhance economical profits derived from them. This paper gives solar irradiance forecasting approach based on Decision Trees (DTs) and their ensemble models. Input data is comprised of 9 daily averaged meteorological parameters and 3 calendar variables for Chandigarh over 2 years (2017 & 2018). The implementation of forecasting models have been analyzed and compared based on Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (R-value). Pearson coefficient technique has also been used to assess the correlation between input features and solar irradiance. The model with least error metrics and highest R-value is considered to be optimal and is utilized to predict daily solar irradiance of Chandigarh for the year 2019.
[Spinal electrostimulation in the treatment of advanced chronic obliterating arteriopathies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From 1989 to 1992 83 patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease without medical or surgical possibilities, were treated by spinal cord stimulation (SCS). We studied claudicatio intermittens, rest pain and ischemic lesion behaviour in all the patients. We also studied microcirculation behaviour of 21 patients, by oxygen transcutaneous tension (vasodilatation index VI = TcPO2 42 degrees C: TcPO2 45 degrees C) and laser Doppler flowmetry (resting flow RF, standing flow SF, venoarteriolar reflex VAR = RF - SF, flow temperature increase FTI = F 40 degrees C 15'-RF). The clinical follow-up at 2 years showed an improvement of walking distance in 85.7% of 7 controls, a complete rest pain control in 82.35% of 17 controls, an improvement and healing of ischemic lesions respectively in 27.07% and 53.86% of 18 controls. In arteriosclerotic arteriopathy with or without diabetes but without neuropathy VI increased and FTI decreased, after SCS, showing a sympathetic tone decrease. In arteriosclerotic arteriopathy with diabetic neuropathy V.I. decreased and FTI increased, after SCS, showing a sympathetic tone reappearance. VAR improved or reappeared, in arteriosclerotic arteriopathy with or without diabetes, showing improvement of tissue perfusion as regards a better efficiency of "paramicrovessels" and "microvascular unit". We believe that SCS, as regards favourable clinical results represents a useful and effective treatment in peripheral vascular disease treatment.
Relative Time Quantum-based Enhancements in Round Robin Scheduling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modern human life is heavily dependent on computing systems and one of the core components affecting the performance of these systems is underlying operating system. Operating systems need to be upgraded to match the needs of modern-day systems relying on Internet of Things, Fog computing and Mobile based applications. The scheduling algorithm of the operating system dictates that how the resources will be allocated to the processes and the Round Robin algorithm (RR) has been widely used for it. The intent of this study is to ameliorate RR scheduling algorithm to optimize task scheduling. We have carried out an experimental study where we have developed four variations of RR, each algorithm considers three-time quanta and the performance of these variations was compared with the RR algorithm, and results highlighted that these variations performed better than conventional RR algorithm. In the future, we intend to develop an automated scheduler that can determine optimal algorithm based on the current set of processes and will allocate time quantum to the processes intelligently at the run time. This way the task performance of modern-day systems can be improved to make them more efficient.
Supplementary Material for: Clinician-Reported Barriers to Implementing Breast Cancer Chemoprevention in the UK: A Qualitative Investigation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims: The use of tamoxifen and raloxifene as preventive therapy for women at increased risk of breast cancer was approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2013. We undertook a qualitative investigation to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of preventive therapy within the UK. Methods: We recruited general practitioners (GPs) (n = 10) and clinicians working in family history or clinical genetics settings (FHCG clinicians) (n = 15) to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data were coded thematically within the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: FHCG clinicians focussed on the perceived lack of benefit of preventive therapy and difficulties interpreting the NICE guidelines. FHCG clinicians felt poorly informed about preventive therapy, and this discouraged patient discussions on the topic. GPs were unfamiliar with the concept of preventive therapy, and were not aware that they may be asked to prescribe it for high-risk women. GPs were reluctant to initiate therapy because it is not licensed, but were willing to continue a prescription if it had been started in secondary or tertiary care. Conclusions: Barriers to implementing preventive therapy within routine clinical practice are common and could be addressed by engaging all stakeholders during the development of policy documents.
Results of the independent radiological verification survey at the former Bridgeport Brass Company Facility, Seymour, Connecticut (SSC001)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

At the request of the USDOE, a team from ORNL conducted an independent radiological verification survey at the former Bridgeport Brass Company Facility, Seymour, Connecticut, from September 1992 to March 1993. Purpose of the survey was to determine whether residual levels of radioactivity inside the Ruffert Building and selected adjacent areas were rmediated to levels below DOE guidelines for FUSRAP sites. The property was contaminated with radioactive residues of {sup 238}U from uranium processing experiments conducted by Reactive Metals, Inc., from 1962 to 1964 for the Atomic Energy Commission. A previous radiological survey did not characterize the entire floor space because equipment which could not be moved at the time made it inaccessible for radiological surveys. During the remediation process, additional areas of elevated radioactivity were discovered under stationary equipment, which required additional remediation and further verification. Results of the independent radiological verification survey confirm that, with the exception of the drain system inside the building, residual uranium contamination has been remediated to levels below DOE guidelines for unrestricted release of property at FUSRAP sites inside and outside the Ruffert Building. However, certain sections of the drain system retain uranium contamination above DOE surface guideline levels. These sections of pipe are addressed in separate, referenced documentation.