jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal solitary modes in a twisted cylinder waveguide pipe with the self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the spatiotemporal solitary modes that propagate in a hollow twisted cylinder waveguide pipe with a self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity. Three generic solitary modes, one belonging to the zero-harmonic (0H) and the other two belonging to the first-harmonic (1H), are found in the first rotational Brillouin zone. The 0H solitary modes can be termed as a quasi-1D (one-dimensional) temporal soliton. Their characteristics depend only on the energy flow. The 1H solitary mode can be termed a quasi-2D (two-dimensional) bullet, whose width is much narrower than the angular domain of the waveguide. In contrast to the 0H mode, the characteristics of the 1H solitary mode depend on both their energy flow and the rotating speed of the waveguide. We demonstrate numerically that the 1H solitary modes are stable when their energy flow is smaller than the threshold norm of the \emph{Townes soliton}. The boundaries of the bistable area for these two types of solitary modes are predicted by the analyses via two-mode approximation. This prediction is in accordance with the numerical findings. We also demonstrate analytically that the 1H solitary mode of this system can be applied to emulate the nonlinear dynamics of solitary modes with 1D Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling by optics. Two degenerated states of the 1H solitary mode, semi-dipole and mixed mode, are found from this setting via the mechanism of SO coupling. Collisions between the pair of these two types of solitary modes are also discussed in the paper. The pair of the 0H solitary mode features only the elastic collision, whereas the pair of 1H solitary modes can feature both elastic and inelastic collision when the total energy flow of the two modes are smaller or close to the threshold norm of the \emph{Townes soliton}.
Understanding the standard of care in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in China: results from a national survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Given the pace with which standards of care have changed, timely assessment of their impact on routine clinical practice and patient outcomes is needed. In coordination with the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS), we developed a quantitative survey to explore the implementation of standards of care for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in China. Methods A national online survey of physicians involved in the management of T2D in China was conducted over a 4-week period in 2012. Completed responses were obtained from 1 028 physicians. Participants responded to 52 questions designed to capture information relating to their demographic and clinical practice profiles. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: basic information, diagnosis practices and screening methods on main complications, and treatment and control practices. The questionnaire was developed in conjunction with the CDS. Results Overall, 83% of surveyed physicians were at least “aware” of the CDS guidelines on standards of care for T2D. Level of awareness was directly related to hospital grade, specialty, geographic location, professional rank and participation in CDS training. The 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was reported as the most ever-used approach across all three hospital grades and physician specialties, with a usage rate of 97%. Respondents selected their choice of primary treatment for newly diagnosed T2D patients. Just over half (52%) indicated the use of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OAD) monotherapy, in line with CDS recommendations. However, OAD use varied considerably between different regions and city tiers. Despite hemoglobin A1c being defined as the gold standard for glucose control, it was not universally measured, with more physicians indicating routine use of glucose before fasting and glucose non-fasting. Conclusion The standards-of-care analysis has provided important insights into the current management of T2D among physicians in China across different geographical regions, hospital grades, specialties, professional statuses, and levels of CDS guideline awareness and training.
User Instruction in Art & Design Libraries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like most of their peers, students in art and design programs are presented with an everincreasing number of options for carrying out research. Information resources and the tools to find and access information are constantly evolving. Through user instruction services the librarian can help students and faculty develop the information literacy skills needed to carry out their research. The current literature provides some helpful examples of how this is being done in various fields but still more is needed. The goal of this exploratory study is to develop a current picture of user instruction in art and design libraries by gathering together information and examples concerning characteristics of current practices in the field.
Some Questions in the History of Chinese Society and Culture and the "Critique of Confucius" Campaign in the Chinese People's Republic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the course of a movement the Maoists have now launched, hundreds of articles have been published in which history and the philosophy of history are extensively treated. All these publications are marked to a greater or lesser degree by a vulgarized sociological interpretation (particularly in the characterization of the relationships between base and superstructure, and also with respect to the social roots of philosophical theories), by false historical comparisons, and by the use of quotations ripped from historical context for narrow, immediate purposes. This method has led the participants in the campaign to outright distortion of the past. Complex phenomena in the base and in the sphere of social philosophy are deliberately reduced to two-dimensional formulations such as "white-black," "conservative-progressive," "good-bad," and so forth, and forced into the Procrustean bed of Maoist dogmas.
A combined luminescence and radiocarbon dating study of Holocene lacustrine sediments from arid northern China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Arid northern China is an ideal place for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental changes, for which the chronology is a key issue. To test the applicability of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods to Holocene lake sediments and to evaluate the hard water reservoir effect of (14)C dating in arid northern China, 12 OSL samples and 12 radiocarbon samples were dated. These samples were from an 8 m long lacustrine section (Qingtu Lake, QTL) in the Zhuyeze Palaeolake in arid northern China. Tests of luminescence characteristics (preheat temperature, laboratory dose recovery, OSL decay and growth curve, and equivalent doses distribution) confirm that the OSL signal of silt-sized quartz (38-63 mu m) from the QTL section was fully reset before burial, and that OSL dating has considerable potential for improving the dating of Holocene lake sediments in the arid land of northern China, especially in those cases where there is a significant hard water 'old carbon' problem for (14)C dates. The apparent agreement between OSL and (14)C dating for QTL section suggests that the hard water reservoir effect of (14)C samples in the study area is much smaller than that in other lakes in northern China, which is also supported by analyses on two (14)C samples using different dating materials for each of the two individual samples. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Quality Control for 3D Printing in Biomedical Applications: a case study on Dimensional Assessment of Skull Models

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The technical and scientific literature highlights the benefits of three-dimensional printing (3DP) in biomedical applications, particularly in preoperative surgical planning and patient-specific medical device manufacturing. Ensuring the dimensional congruence of 3DP models with the actual anatomy of patients is crucial for effective clinical decision-making. Despite the wide interest in the field, standardized protocols to ensure the safety and reliability of this emerging technology in clinical practice are still lacking in the scientific literature. In this context, the present study aims to propose a preliminary experimental approach for 3DP quality control in the biomedical field. In particular, advanced imaging techniques are used, such as Computed Tomography (CT), to verify the fidelity of the printed models. The proposed measurement method involves dimensional assessments, through image analysis, compared with those carried out on a reference skull model. The results obtained suggest that limitations of the entire printing process, starting with segmentation, modeling, slicing, and layer resolution appear to justify discrepancies in dimensional control that increase with decreasing model detail.
Histologic Activity From Neoterminal Ileal Biopsies in Patients With Crohn's Disease in Endoscopic Remission is Associated With Postoperative Recurrence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Following ileocolic resection (ICR), the clinical importance and prognostic implications of histologic activity on biopsies in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with endoscopic remission are not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine if histologic activity in patients with endoscopic remission is associated with future risk of endoscopic and/or radiologic postoperative recurrence (POR). METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, adult patients with CD who underwent ICR between 2009 and 2020 with endoscopic biopsies of ileal mucosa from Rutgeerts i0 on index colonoscopy were included. The composite rate of endoscopic (Rutgeerts score ≥i2b) and radiologic (active inflammation on imaging) recurrence was compared in patients with and without histologic activity using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model including clinically relevant risk factors of POR, postoperative biologic prophylaxis, and histology activity was designed. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients with i0 disease on index colonoscopy after ICR were included. Of these, 42% had histologic activity. Time to POR was significantly earlier in the histologically active versus normal group ( P = 0.04). After adjusting for clinical risk factors of POR, histologic activity (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.17–4.79; P = 0.02) and active smoking (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.02–6.33; P = 0.05) were independently associated with subsequent composite POR risk. DISCUSSION: In patients with postoperative CD, histologic activity despite complete endoscopic remission is associated with composite, endoscopic, and radiographic recurrence. Further understanding of the role of histologic activity in patients with Rutgeerts i0 disease may provide a novel target to reduce disease recurrence in this population.
Simulation of Absorbing Properties of Co-Doped ZnO Based on Density Functional Theory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on first-principles method of density functional theory, the electronic structures and absorbing properties of pure ZnO system and Co doped ZnO have been calculated. Meanwhile, the relationships between electronic structures and absorbing properties are investigated. The results show that the absorbing properties of Co doped ZnO improved significantly compared to pure ZnO system. Absorption frequency peak moves to low frequency and two absorption band appear at 425.6nm and 802.7nm, combining the absorbing properties of experimental results of Co-doped ZnO. The theoretical results have offered theoretical data for the designing and application of of ZnO which is a new type of wave absorbing material and is subjected to an extensive concern. Meanwhile, the calculated results also enable more precise monitoring and controlling during the growth of ZnO material.
Akan Cinematic Emotions (ACE): A Multimodal Multi-party Dataset for Emotion Recognition in Movie Dialogues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce the Akan Conversation Emotion (ACE) dataset, the first multimodal emotion dialogue dataset for an African language, addressing the significant lack of resources for low-resource languages in emotion recognition research. ACE, developed for the Akan language, contains 385 emotion-labeled dialogues and 6,162 utterances across audio, visual, and textual modalities, along with word-level prosodic prominence annotations. The presence of prosodic labels in this dataset also makes it the first prosodically annotated African language dataset. We demonstrate the quality and utility of ACE through experiments using state-of-the-art emotion recognition methods, establishing solid baselines for future research. We hope ACE inspires further work on inclusive, linguistically and culturally diverse NLP resources.
Study of the $D^*ρ$ system using QCD sum rules

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this talk I present a study of the $D^* ρ$ system made by using the method of QCD sum rules. Considering isospin and spin projectors, we investigate the different configurations and obtain three $D^*$ mesons with isospin $I=1/2$, spin $S=0$, $1$, $2$ and with masses $2500\pm 67$ MeV, $2523\pm60$ MeV, and $2439\pm119$ MeV, respectively. The last state can be related to $D^*_2(2460)$ (spin 2) listed by the Particle Data Group, while one of the first two might be associated with $D^*(2640)$, whose spin-parity is unknown. In the case of $I=3/2$ we also find evidences of three states with spin 0, 1 and 2, respectively, with masses $2467\pm82$ MeV, $2420\pm128$ MeV, and $2550\pm56$ MeV.
The impact of ITS on CO2 emissions – An analysis of effect chains

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Information and communication technologies (ICT) applied to the transport sector are expected to play a significant role in reducing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions emitted by the transport sector. To foster the development and deployment of these technologies, known \nas “intelligent transport systems” (ITS), and direct the development into promising tracks their potential impact on CO2 emissions needs to be known in advance. Therefore a methodology for a reliable environmental evaluation is crucial, which is outline in this technical paper.
Evaluation of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preoperative cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, plays a key role in differentiating between benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. This article reviews the imaging features associated with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, as well as the recent studies validating the 2012 international consensus guidelines. This review also compared the diagnostic performance of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating malignant from benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.
Effects of Cues of Observation on Trust and Trustworthy Behaviours

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

﻿Certain factors associated with online video communication have negative effects on the quality of an interaction. One’s propensity to trust others or reciprocate trust with others online may be influenced by these factors of video-mediated communication. I investigated the effects of two such factors on pro-social behaviours in two separate experiments. In the first experiment I assessed levels of reciprocation in the presence of absence of a web-camera, to see if the presence of a camera was a sufficient enough cue of observation to induce trustworthy behaviours. In the second experiment I tested the effect eye gaze had on trusting and trustworthy behaviours. Results from the current research suggest that direct eye gaze is an important factor in deciding whom to trust and with whom to reciprocate trust. The current research introduces methodological changes that help to combat high levels of variability in participant responses. Future directions for research on eye gaze and other factors of video-mediated communication are discussed.
Screening for Information Environments: A Role for Health Systems to Address the Misinformation Crisis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Misinformation about health topics is a public health issue. We are bombarded with information from many sources, across many digital means of communication, affecting the ways in which we are born, grow, work, live, and age. This makes information environments a social determinant of health (SDoH), but one not currently adequately addressed by clinical or public health practitioners. Since health systems are already screening for social determinants of health, existing mechanisms can additionally screen for unhealthy information environments. Then, for those patients who screen positive, we can apply best practices learned from initiatives addressing vaccine hesitancy: providing a non-judgmental environment in which to discuss health beliefs, using motivational interviewing techniques to gage patient perspectives and readiness for change, and taking a harm-reduction approach in recognizing that behavior change evolves over time. Displacing misinformation is a process, not an event. As such, we need to address the underlying psychological and sociological reasons that people maintain unscientific beliefs as we would hope to do with any other SDoH. Furthermore, as information environments are the product of both individual choices and structural factors, clinicians should approach patients immersed in unhealthy information environments without blame or ostracism, much as we would approach any patient adversely impacted by social determinants of health.
Distributed Semantic Reasoning Enabled by Fog Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of various Internet of Things (IoT) applications has hastened the introduction of Semantics Interoperability (SI). Instead of storing enormous raw data, SI attempts to annotate these data with semantic information (a.k.a. ontology) that can enable smart management of the ever-increasing data generated by IoT. One of the main features of ontology is semantic reasoning for deriving implicit knowledge from explicit context information. Nevertheless, such semantic reasoning in the cloud can be computationally expensive with the gigantic amount of incoming data. In this research, we propose the adoption of "Fog Computing" to distribute the procedure of semantic reasoning among a hierarchy of distributed Fog nodes than in a centralized cloud. To verify the effectiveness of our methods, we compare the proposed distributed Fog architecture with a centralized Cloud system based on the use case of elderly care.
Online Bellman Residual Algorithms with Predictive Error Guarantees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We establish a connection between optimizing the Bellman Residual and worst case long-term predictive error. In the online learning framework, learning takes place over a sequence of trials with the goal of predicting a future discounted sum of rewards. Our analysis shows that, to- gether with a stability assumption, any no-regret online learning algorithm that minimizes Bellman error ensures small prediction error. No statistical assumptions are made on the sequence of observations, which could be non-Markovian or even adversarial. Moreover, the analysis is independent of the particular form of function approximation and the particular (stable) no-regret approach taken. Our approach thus establishes a broad new family of provably sound algorithms for Bellman Residual-based learning and provides a generalization of previous worst-case result for minimizing predictive error. We investigate the potential advantages of some of this family both theoretically and empirically on benchmark problems
A Case of Rectal Submucosal Cancer with Negative Vascular Invasion and Lateral Lymph Node Metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は66歳の男性で，便潜血陽性精査の下部消化管内視鏡検査で直腸Rb左壁に20mm大の0-IIa+IIc病変を認めた．通常光観察で襞の集中，NBI観察では表面構造が消失し，微小血管構造が不整であった．超音波内視鏡検査では，腫瘍エコーによる3層への塊状浸潤を認め，SM深部浸潤の診断であった．骨盤MRIで左閉鎖領域に長径10mmのリンパ節腫大と拡散強調画像で高信号を認めたため，左側方リンパ節転移陽性と判断した．T1bN3M0 cStage IIIbの診断で腹腔鏡下括約筋間直腸切除術，左側方リンパ節郭清，回腸人工肛門造設を施行した．経過良好で術後16日目に退院となった．病理結果では，pT1b（1,750μm），ly0，v0，sprouting（-），N3［（#251（1/4），#283（2/4）］，pStage IIIbであった．術後補助化学療法としてCapeOX療法を開始し，経過観察中である．
Plot size and number of replications to evaluate the grain yield in oat cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum plot size (Xo) and the number of replications to evaluate grain yield and verify the variability of Xo among oat cultivars. Thirtytwo uniformity trials of 3 × 3 m were performed, being 8 from each cultivar (URS Charrua, URS Taura, URS Estampa, and URS Corona). Each uniformity trial was divided in 36 basic experimental units (BEU) of 0.5 × 0.5 m. Grain yield was determined in each BEU. The Xo was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. Mean comparisons among cultivars were performed by the Scott-Knott test via bootstrap. The number of replications was calculated by an iterative process until convergence for experiments in completely randomized design (CRD) and randomized block design (RBD). Scenarios formed by i combinations (i = 3, 4, …, 50) treatments — with d least differences among treatment means to be detected as significant at 5% probability of type I error by Tukey test, expressed as a percentage of the overall experimental mean (d = 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%) — were planned. The Xo of 1.57 m2 is enough to evaluate the grain yield in these 4 oat cultivars. Four replications to evaluate grain yield with up to 50 treatments in the experimental designs of CRD and RBD are enough to identify significant differences among treatment means of 40.53% of the overall experimental mean, by Tukey test at 5% probability of type I error.
Could the Next Platform be the Transformational Platform and Tourism? A Platform Based Expansion Model in the Context of Global Sustainable Tourism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the Second World War, the tourism industry started to turn into a global phenomenon with the development of the economy and globalization since 1950. The restoration of peace and stability in most of the post-war world, emergence of a strong middle class as a result of global financing and economic support, increased tendency to travel, use of idle large-capacity warplanes for civilian purposes are among the important factors ensuring the development and expansion of tourism. Moreover, decrease in long-distance transportation and travel costs, as well as technological development made significant contributions to facilitating access to larger markets, wider geographies, and destinations. In terms of sustainable tourism from 1950 to 2020, the global tourism activity, which caused problems due to conscious and / or unconsciously implemented tourism policies, led to an uncontrollable tourism mobility and geographical expansion with an increasing momentum. In the context of sustainable tourism, this model first analyzes the platform-based model and the geographical expansion model separately, and then synthesizes both models as a mixed model. In addition, this model deals with the development and change processes of global tourism, which is affected by positive and negative developments, and proposes a transformational tourism platform model that provides significant contributions to both the demand side (tourists) and the supply side (tourism industry).