jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous mouse embryo polarization leads to heterogeneity in cell fate specification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The first lineage allocation in mouse and human embryos separates the inner cell mass (ICM) from the outer trophectoderm (TE). This symmetry breaking event is executed through polarization of cells at the 8-cell stage and subsequent asymmetric divisions, generating polar (TE) and apolar (ICM) cells. Here, we show that embryo polarization is unexpectedly asynchronous. Cells polarizing at the early and late 8-cell stage have distinct molecular and morphological properties that direct their following lineage specification, with early polarizing cells being biased towards producing the TE lineage. More recent studies have also implicated heterogeneities between cells prior to the 8-cell stage in the first lineage allocation: cells exhibiting reduced methyltransferase CARM1 activity at the 4-cell stage are predisposed towards the TE fate. Here, we demonstrate that reduced CARM1 activity and upregulation of its substrate BAF155 promote early polarization and TE specification. These findings provide a link between asymmetries at the 4-cell stage and polarization at the 8-cell stage, mechanisms of the first lineage allocation that had been considered separate.
Supplementary Figure 1 from COX-2–Independent Effects of Celecoxib Sensitize Lymphoma B Cells to TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 34K, COX1 and COX-2 protein expressions were evaluated by western blotting in stromal cells, including HD-RESTO (n=4), FL-RESTO (n=4), FL-MSC (n=5) and HD-MSC (n=4). beta-actin was used as a loading control.</p>
Luxembourg: a segmented, multilingual Job Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Luxembourg is a small, but very dynamic country. In the last 100 years, the population has more than doubled, mainly because of immigration. The proportion of foreigners rose from 3% in 1871 to 46% in 2015. Currently people from 170 countries live in the Grand Duchy. In addition to that, about 40% of the workforce are cross-border commuters from France, Belgium, and Germany. This has an impact on the country’s language situation. At least until the 1980s Luxembourg was mainly trilingual. French was the language of legislation and administration, German was the main language of the newspapers, and Luxembourgish was the main spoken language. Today, the traditional trilingual situation is being replaced by a more complex multilingual situation. Because of a lack of data, this change could not be analysed in detail until recently. To close this gap, the National Statistics Office STATEC included two language related questions in the 2011 census questionnaire: Which language do you know the best? Which languages do you speak on a regular basis at home, at school and at work? This data allows first-of-its-kind analysis into the complexity of the Luxembourgish language situation. After a short introduction into the language situation in Luxembourg in general, the presentation will focus on the language situation at work. Our analysis will show strong correlations between languages and occupations reflecting a split of the Luxembourg labor market in different segments: English dominates in high skilled jobs in the private sector, whereas Portuguese is the main language in low skilled jobs in the private sector. Luxembourgish is the main language in the public sector, while French is the vehicular language in both sectors. This highlights the importance of learning the “right” languages in Luxembourg.
Climate Change-related Counter-attitudinal Fake News Exposure and its Effects on Search and Selection Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTDisinformation in today's high-choice media environment, particularly regarding environment- and science-related issues, poses threats to individuals and society. It is argued that online users turn primarily to attitude-confirming content (selective exposure effects) which amplifies existing opinions and societal polarization. However, with the increasing prevalence of online disinformation and fake news, it is also likely that people will be exposed to disinformation that contradicts their current beliefs. Regarding the controversial issue of anthropogenic climate change, we elucidate how users react when they are (incidentally) exposed to counter-attitudinal anthropogenity-denying fake news by investigating their search and selection behavior after the exposure. The innovative research design of our case study includes pre- and post-surveys, stimulus exposure, and content analyses of web activities (n = 39). Importantly, the exposure to climate-change-denying fake news decreased acceptance of climate change and its human causes. Selection behavior was mainly attitude-confirming, while search behavior was more diverse. Journalistic sources were used most often and for longest. Individual characteristics affected searches and selections.KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTSIn the information-saturated online environment comprising scientifically correct and incorrect information, users are frequently exposed to counter-attitudinal fake news, e.g. videos denying anthropogenic climate change.After exposure to an attitude-opposing fake news video, participants' climate change acceptance decreased.In a free internet search after stimulus exposure, attitude-confirming anthropogenity-accepting positions and journalistic content dominated users' selection but not search behavior.Future climate change-related communication activities should note that participants who stated they knew little about climate change knowledge were mainly interested in solution-oriented websites.The higher participants' willingness to take personal responsibility or acknowledge others' responsibility, the more they searched for anthropogenity-opposing content.KEYWORDS: Climate changehigh-choice media environmentselection behaviorselective exposureuser characteristics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 At the time of publication, the video is no longer available, neither on the website of https://www.kla.tv/ nor on YouTube, where it could also be found at the time of the investigation.
The Migration of Extender Oil in Natural and Synthetic Rubber. V. Dependence of Diffusion Rates on Oil Concentration and Elastomer Blend Ratios. The Locus of Oil in a Simulated Tire during Service

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Using carbon-14 labelled aromatic extender oil as a penetrant species, diffusion rates were measured in practical elastomeric compounds of high oil concentration, and in elastomer compounds based on blended polymers. These results, combined with earlier data, allow the calculation of the locus of oil during the service life of the rubber product. Increasing the concentration of oil increases the rate of diffusion of oil. Butyl rubber was the most sensitive to this effect, albeit the slowest in rate of migration, with a 2-fold increase in migration rate over the range of oil concentration of 2–27%, followed by polybutadiene, 1.53; natural rubber, 1.27; and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, 1.26, and SBR, 1.00. Polymer blends display no synergism in their effect on diffusion; the diffusivity of oil in the blends was predicted exactly by the weighted average of polymer composition. Further studies of the effect of dynamic flexing indicated that, at constant temperature, static and dynamic conditions gave equal diffusivities. Calculations were made of the locus of the oil in a simulated tire section at 3000, 6000, 9000, and 24,000 miles. These agree very closely with experi mental results on a vulcanized, aged simulated tire segment.
Roles of Putrescine and 1-Pyrroline in Attractiveness of Technical-Grade Putrescine to the Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if 1-pyrroline, present as a contaminant of putrescine, was responsible for the observed attractiveness of putrescine to the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Technical-grade putrescine contained 0.025% 1-pyrroline measured by gas chromatography. Putrescine purified by high performance liquid chromatography contained 0.0000053% 1-pyrroline, constituting a 99.98% reduction compared with technical-grade putrescine. Purified putrescine was more attractive than technical-grade putrescine over a range of concentrations. The amount of 1-pyrroline found in technical-grade putrescine was attractive, but less so than technical-grade putrescine at 2 concentrations. Either purified putrescine or an amount of 1-pyrroline equivalent to that in technical putrescine could substitute for technical putrescine in combinations with 2 other attractive chemicals, ammonium bicarbonate and methylamine HCl. Results indicate that putrescine more so than 1-pyrroline accounts for the attractiveness of technical putrescine but that either chemical enhances the attractiveness of ammonia and methylamine about equally.
Translation into Syriac, Arabic, and Hebrew

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Galen’s works were translated from Greek into Syriac, Arabic, and Hebrew during the medieval period. These translations had an enormous impact not just on the development of medicine both East and West, but also on how we now understand Galen. Instead of analyzing the Greco–Arabic translation “movement,” the present chapter investigates a number of translation phenomena, each of which has its own unique context: the Syriac translations of the sixth and ninth centuries; the Arabic translations of the late eighth and mid-ninth centuries; and the Hebrew translations mainly of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It concludes with three vignettes illustrating not just how Galen was transmitted into the Syriac, Arabic, and Hebrew traditions, but also how physicians creatively engaged with, and innovated on the basis of, Galen’s work.
Potential Therapeutic Application of Regulatory T Cells in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The autoimmune reaction against the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients is active in prediabetes and during the development of the clinical manifestation of T1DM, but it decreases within a few years of the clinical manifestation of this disease. A key role in the pathogenesis of T1DM is played by regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency or dysfunction. Immune interventions, such as potential therapeutic applications or the induction of the Treg-cell population in T1DM, will be important in the development of new types of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate innovative immune interventions as treatments for T1DM. After an evaluation of full-length papers from the PubMed database from 2010 to 2021, 20 trials were included for the final analysis. The analysis led to the following conclusions: Treg cells play an important role in the limitation of the development of T1DM, the activation or application of Tregs may be more effective in the early stages of T1DM development, and the therapeutic use of Treg cells in T1DM is promising but requires long-term observation in a large group of patients.
The relationship between glucose control and the development of diabetic nephropathy in type I diabetes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes and occurs in about one-third of such patients. The course of nephropathy has become better defined, with patients initially developing microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rates [AER] between 20 and 200 micrograms/min), then overt nephropathy (AER > or = 200 micrograms/min) and finally a decline in GFR eventuating in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although metabolic control has long been hypothesized as a contributor to the development of nephropathy, it is only in recent years that this hypothesis has been proven. A number of observational studies have shown correlations between glycemic control and the development of various levels of albuminuria and also declines in GFR. Several small, prospective, randomized, interventional studies and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) have now definitely proven that improved metabolic control that achieves near-normoglycemia can significantly decrease the development and progression of early nephropathy as well as other long-term complications of diabetes, including retinopathy and neuropathy. It is now conceivable that the achievement of near-normoglycemia plus the addition of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors if microalbuminuria develops may greatly decrease the numbers of patients eventually requiring renal replacement therapy.
Effect of Apricot Almond Oil as Green Inhibitor for Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Media

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Natural oil extracted from apricot seeds was evaluated as carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M hydrochloric acid, using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements.The measurements show that apricot seed oil is a good inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion in a hydrochloric environment, and this inhibitive action was mainly due to its adsorption onto the carbon steel surface, and active sites blocking.The above results showed that apricot seed oil acted as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor, and that its adsorption onto the carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.The inhibition effectiveness increased with the inhibitor concentration, and reached 83.49% at 0.5 g/L, in a 1 M HCl medium.Some thermodynamic parameters of the studied inhibitor were calculated and discussed.
Psychoanalytic Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Differing concepts of psychoanalytic process and views of its "locale" are related to how essential the interactivity of the analyst is judged to be. Scientific scrutiny of clinical psychoanalysis requires that the interactive nature of the process be recognized. In this endeavor the concept of "process model" is helpful, as is the view of psychoanalysis as a form of treatment in which therapeutic process and therapeutic agent are distinguished.
Optimizing agricultural production with socioeconomic considerations: A case study from Palestine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agriculture is not only the main source of income to most Palestinian families; it is also the link to connect them to their valuable land and water resources. Farmers seek assistance from agronomists and decision makers to cultivate the proper products. In this study, the best selection of agricultural crops is addressed in the multiple-objective context. The study deals with three conflicting objective functions: net benefit, agricultural production, and labor employment. Four-stage procedure is adopted combining multiple-objective optimization, simple valuation methods, cluster analysis, and multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. Pareto optimal curves are used to evaluate the marginal prices of both land area and labor day. The theories of utility and benefit cost are applied to rank the non-dominant alternatives. Two MCDM methods, namely weighted goal programming and step methods, are employed in the evaluation. The above methodology is applied to the case study of Qalqilya District in which irrigated agriculture under semi-arid conditions prevails. The results show that Pareto optimal is a powerful tool to determine the marginal price of non-monetary commodities. It is also found that the average annual net benefit, agricultural production, and labor employment for the cultivated area are $941,423, 3,288 tons, and 14,671 days, respectively, in the best compromise plan. The inclusion of socioeconomic considerations in decision making on agricultural systems is crucial for their sustainable development.
Contrast enhancement of round atelectases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To find out if round atelectases (RAs) of a lung enhance more than pulmonary malignant tumors. Material and Methods: Twelve patients with RA and 16 patients with malignant lung tumor (MLT) evidenced on CT examination were selected (14 RAs and 16 MLTs). Two patients had 2 RAs. The examination data were reviewed on a work station and the attenuation values of RAs and tumors were measured. Results: At enhanced CT the density of RAs varied from 88 to 190 HU whereas for MLTs the density varied from 30 to 71 HU. The difference between attenuation values of RAs and MLTs was statistically significant. Conclusion: The attenuation values of RAs after contrast enhancement seem to differ from those of MLTs, at least during the first minute after contrast injection, and thus serve as a useful aid in the differential diagnosis of these masses.
Design and implementation of the web application for the administration of research projects of the Graduate Studies Division of ``Instituto Tecnológico de Villahermosa``

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The potential of information and communication technologies, combined with multimedia developments, is indeed very attractive.The Internet, without going any further, in its current state of development, has already become an essential tool for any professional.These technologies are revolutionizing their daily activities by putting resources and means that were previously unthinkable at their fingertips.One problem in this regard is the lack of appropriate registration, follow-up and support for research projects.This lack makes it difficult to provide adequate feedback and, therefore, to make decisions to fine-tune this strategy.It is worth mentioning that the registration and follow-up of research projects have been carried out in a largely conventional manner, without making systematic use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), which has led, with some exceptions, to making both the operation of the strategy and its administration more cumbersome.
Emergence of OXA-48 Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Marrakech, Morocco

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Goal: This work aims to describe and explore the circumstances of appearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing OXA-48 carbapenemase, which has occurred in a neonatal intensive care service at the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech. Results: During February 2015, the alert was triggered by the isolation of 6 isolates of K pneumoniae with the same antibiotic susceptibility profile in the neonatal intensive care service, suggesting a possible outbreak. Blood cultures represented the main site of isolation of these isolates. The phenotypic study of the isolates made it possible to identify a strain of K pneumoniae susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and aminoglycosides, and resistant to ertapenem, β-lactamases inhibitors (ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), and cotrimoxazole. The genotypic study of the epidemic isolate revealed the presence of the bla OXA-48 gene. The action to be taken was the establishment of corrective measures to stop this epidemic to a multi-resistant germ transmitted by hand transmission. The reinforcement of hygiene measures and the awareness of the staff made it possible to put an end to the epidemic at March 30, 2015, without closing the service. The outcome of 6 infected newborns was fatal due to the fragile terrain and the inappropriate probabilistic antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The production of carbapenemase in K pneumoniae is an emerging resistance mechanism that must be suspected and identified to offer targeted therapy and to limit its spread. The implementation of a local policy to control multidrug-resistant germs is essential to limit their dissemination in hospitals.
Solution of quadratic matrix equations for free vibration analysis of structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An efficient digital computer procedure and the related numerical algorithm are presented herein for the solution of quadratic matrix equations associated with free vibration analysis of structures. Such a procedure enables accurate and economical analysis of natural frequencies and associated modes of discretized structures. The numerically stable algorithm is based on the Sturm sequence method, which fully exploits the banded form of associated stiffness and mass matrices. The related computer program written in FORTRAN V for the JPL UNIVAC 1108 computer proves to be substantially more accurate and economical than other existing procedures of such analysis. Numerical examples are presented for two structures: a cantilever beam and a semicircular arch.
PROSES ADAPTASI PENGURUS BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA KAMBUNO DAN ARA KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the sustainability of Village Owned Enterprises(BUMDesa) in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era, the BumdesManagement carried out an adaptation process. This study aims to describe the adaptation process ofBumdesa Management in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era, in improving the welfare of the people in Kambunoand Ara Villages, Bulukumba Regency. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with case studies.Informants were selected through a purposive sampling technique, which consisted of elements from thevillage head, Bumdes management, community members as beneficiaries of Bumdes at 2 research loci. Thedata collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews (indept interviews), and Focus GroupDiscussions(FGD). Data analysis was carried out through three stages, starting from data reduction, datapresentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the study indicate that there are 3aspects of the adaptation process carried out by the Bumdesa Management, including: (1). Social aspects, providing limited basic food assistance to the community, due to the lack of budget availability for Bumdes;(2). The economic aspect, by closing certain business units so that there is a decrease in the income of theBumdes business unit and the community during the Covid-19 Pandemic; and (3). the health aspect, providingassistance to improve community nutrition, in the form of brown rice and milk for pregnant women, such asin Kambuno Village. Meanwhile in Ara, the focus is on improving environmental hygiene through processingplastic waste. However, the adaptation process in social, economic and health aspects has not been optimalin improving community welfare due to the lack of available budget in Bumdes.