jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi kepada Masyarakat Spazio mengenai Pentingnya Melek Investasi di Zaman Sekarang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this modern era dominated by rapid economic and financial changes, it is important for individuals to have a good understanding of investing and take an active role in managing their finances. Investment is an activity or act of buying or placing funds or assets into financial instruments or other assets with the aim of obtaining the expected return or yield in the future. Investing generally involves risk evaluation, market analysis and decision making based on a deep understanding of the investment instrument and long-term financial goals. With increased investment awareness, individuals can optimize their financial potential, manage risk effectively, and achieve long-term financial goals. As a result, it is hoped that this outreach will encourage the people of Spazio to become more investment literate, making them better prepared to face the challenges and opportunities in today's financial world
External shocks, financial markets and the real economy: Policy options in South Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper considers the transmission of an external shock through the bond, equity, money and foreign exchange markets and, depending on the nature and duration of the shock, the attendant effects on various sectors of the South African economy. While it is acknowledged that the ability of the Reserve Bank to intervene in the foreign exchange markets is limited, it is argued that the current policy may not be appropriate in the face of a sustained speculative attack. Instead, a policy of selective intervention aimed at the relative degrees of change in foreign exchange and interest rates may be used to affect the distribution of costs between various sectors of the economy.
The Epidemic Spread of Seiridium cardinale on Leyland Cypress Severely Limits Its Use in the Mediterranean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leyland cypress (× Hesperotropsis leylandii) is a fast-growing conifer used in most temperate regions as an ornamental tree for hedges and screens, and is one of the most commercially important trees in Europe. In recent years, severe diebacks and mortality due to cypress canker have been observed on Leyland cypress plantations in Southern Europe. This study was conducted to evaluate (i) the spread and impact of cypress canker caused by Seiridium cardinale in plantations of a sample area of 1,250 km 2 in central Italy, (ii) the response of the most commonly grown Leyland cypress varieties to artificial inoculation with to S. cardinal, and (iii) the pathogenicity of S. cardinale isolates obtained from Leyland cypress. Of the 1,411 surveyed trees, 11.4% had been killed by cypress canker and 43.9% of the living trees were affected by the disease. The number of diseased or dead trees and the percentage of cankered trunks was significantly correlated with the mean trunk diameter of the plantations. Six months after inoculation, the size of developed cankers was significantly different among the inoculated Leyland cypress cultivars but all of them showed markedly larger cankers than the C. sempervirens canker-resistant control clone. All of the tested S. cardinale isolates obtained from Leyland cypress also caused cankers on Cupressus sempervirens when inoculated as conidial suspensions or mycelia. Leyland cypress is highly prone to contract cypress canker in the Mediterranean due to its high susceptibility to S. cardinale infections, low genetic variability among the grown cultivars, and cracks which form on fast-growing trunks, favoring entry of the fungus into the inner bark and the occurrence of infections.
Thick film fabrication of aluminum nitride microcircuits. Final report

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A new substrate material, aluminum nitride (AlN), and 11 new thick film inks were analyzed to determine their chemical compatibility, their electrical properties, their mechanical properties, and their overall suitability for use in the manufacturing of high-power microcircuits with efficient thermal properties. Because high-power chips emit a great deal of heat in a small surface area, a new substrate material was needed to dissipate that heat faster than the substrate material currently in use. Overall, the new materials were found to be acceptable for accomplishing this purpose.
Formal advertising and negotiation: their place in government procurement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Government procurement is no doubt the largest single source of income for private industry. Each year there is many billions of dollars spent to supply the needs of the military and other governmental departments. As a result of Congressional action in the form of statutes, procurement personnel are restricted in their actions when buying the material and supplies required. This paper endeavors to explain the different methods of contracting available to the contracting officer and the various types of contracts that may be placed. Since the most desirable method, to the Congress, formal advertising is not considered to be advantageous to the writer, this paper was undertaken. An objective review of both negotiation and formal advertising is presented, however, the conclusion must be reached that negotiation is superior.
A Logic in Court Music of the Tang Dynasty

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L'analyse de 16 solo et de 7 suites, soit un total de 45 morceaux, composes sous la dynastie Tang montre une structure comprenant trois elements de base : le chiffre quatre, la bipolarite et les tons de l'echelle (tons du mode shang). Ces elements correspondent davantage aux pieces ayant des battements « taiko » divisibles par quatre. Un parallele est effectue avec le gamelan de Java
Improvement of Tip Leakage Loss Model for Axial Turbines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tip leakage has a significant effect on the aerodynamic and thermal performance of gas turbines. Losses from the leakage flow often account for as much as one third of the total loss through a turbine stage. Among the recent experimental studies, Bindon (1989) measured the flow field in the tip gap and the subsequent mixing region in a linear cascade of turbine blades. He suggested that the tip leakage loss consists of two components, i.e., the internal gap loss and the mixing loss. In addition, he demonstrated that the fluid of low total pressure contributes significantly to the mixing loss after the flow leaves the gap. Based on the above-mentioned experimental observation and the three-dimensional N-S calculation of Storer and Cumpsty (1994), the present study is aimed at improving a tip leakage loss model that is consistent with the physics of the real leakage flows.
Analisis Net Benefit Terhadap Aplikasi Senayan Library Management System (SLiMS)Menggunakan Metode Delone Dan Mclean

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advances in technology now have an impact on the development of library services. Library service that has evolved is the Senayan Library Management System or better known as Slims. Catholic University Musi Charitas Palembang is one that uses Slims application as supporting facilities at the library. By using one element of the method McLean DeLone and testing of the effect of variable information quality, service quality and quality system to the net benefit that is felt at the LibraryCatholic University Charitas Palembang Musi. Based on theresults of questionnaires thathavebeen distributedtoth respondent sandtests performed conclusion that the variable information quality and system quality has not significantly, while the variables of service quality significantly affect the net benefit to the library of theCatholic University Musi Charitas Palembang.
Ankle-Brachial Index as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Atrial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Atrial Fibrillation (AF), the most frequent sustained arrhythmia, is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The clinical course of AF is often complicated by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events that usually have a dual origin: cardio embolic and atherothrombotic. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the existence of a relationship between Systemic Atherosclerosis and AF. More specifically, we have analysed the prevalence of lower limb Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in a population of fibrillating patients, and we have assessed whether the coexistence of AF and PAD might result in increased cardiovascular risks. Methods: The study has been conducted on 200 patients, consecutively engaged, divided into patients with and without AF. All patients were subjected to a cardiovascular risk profile evaluation, a measurement of Ankle-BrachialIndex (ABI), and an estimation of the prevalence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Results: The obtained results showed that the prevalence of PAD is higher in patients with AF, and these patients have also shown a higher prevalence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. In addition, stratifying cases and controls according to the presence of PAD, we showed that there’s a higher prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events in people with both conditions associated. Conclusions: The results affirm that patients with a history of AF have a higher rate of cerebrovascular disease, and patients with PAD and AF have a higher rate of coronary disease, suggesting that measurements of ABI and diagnosis and search for AF should be encouraged.
Effects of Shenfu Injection on Pathological Alteration of Central Nervous System of Focal Cerebral Ischemic-reperfusion Injured Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shenfu injection(SFI) on pathological alteration of central nervous system of focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion(IR) injured rats.METHODS:Eighty male SD rats were divided into four groups randomly:blank control group,sham operation group,model group and SFI group.Rats received i.v.a bolus of SFI 10 mg·kg-1 5 min after anesthesia.The focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury model was established by middle cerebral artery(MCA) ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h.Pathological alteration of blood brain barrier and cortical neuron and the corresponding changes of function in each group were compared with each other.RESULTS:In model group under electron microscope,edema around cortical capillary,heavy cavity compression and swelled neuron were found,and the continuity of cell membrane was blackout,the cytoplasm was swell and vacuolization,the nucleus was swell and ruptured,the density of nuclear matrix was increased and the heterochromatin was increased.The The edema around cortical capillary and cavity compression of SFI group were significantly slighter than those of model group,Swelled neuron,indistinct border,swelled cytoplasm,swelled nucleus,incomplete nuclear membranes were found in SFI group.The density of nuclear matrix was increased and the heterochromatin was increased.Compared with model group,neurologic impairment score of SFI group had no significant difference after ischemia for 2 h;that decreased significantly after reperfusion for 24 h(P0.01).CONCLUSION:Shenfu injection could relieve the pathological alteration of the central nervous system and then to relieve the injuries of nervous function of focal cerebral IR injured rats.
High Air Pressure in MQL Deep Hole Drilling Workpiece Temperature

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the effect of air pressure on workpiece temperature in through tool minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) deep-hole drilling. Experiments on 200 mm deep holes drilled by a 10 mm carbide drill were conducted under regular (500 kPa) and high (1000 kPa) air pressure conditions. Torque data shows that the chip clogging problem occurring under regular air pressure can be solved by the high air pressure. An inverse heat transfer method is utilized to quantify the heat fluxes and calculate the temperature distribution during drilling based on embedded thermocouples along the depth. Results show that temperature around the hole increases rapidly when the chips start accumulating in the hole under regular air pressure and cause high heat flux on the drilled hole wall surface. The high pressure condition, prevents chip accumulation, thus reducing the total heat flux.
Pharmacotherapy of Atrophic Rhinitis in Swine and Trial for Elimination of Bordelella bronchiseptica with Drugs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Atrophic rhinitis broke out on a hog farm in April, 1969. On this farm, 4 sows and 35 piglets were divided into 2 groups, an experimental and a control. In the experimental group, tylosin phosphate (20g/kg) and sulfisozole (20g/kg) were added to the ration at the rate of 0.5% At the same time a trial was made to clean the farm from Bordetella bronchiseptica. The medicated ration was given to sows for a week immediately before parturition and during the period of nursing and to piglets for 2 consecutive months after birth.1. Pathological changes were a little milder in the experimental than in the control group.2. The more advanced the turbinated bone was in the degree of atrophy, the less satisfactory became the growth of the piglet. Growth was more remarkable in the experimental group after 2months of age. At the time of shipment, this group showed an average gain in body weight 4.9kg greater than the control group.3. The trial to free the farm from B. bronchiseptica was not successful, in spite of disinfection of pens, feeding of medicated rations, injection and intranasal instillation of drugs.
Physical‐geographic description of the fildes peninsula (South Shetland Islands)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Fildes Peninsula of King George (Waterloo) Island, in the South Shetland group, represents an example of a periglacial landscape in the Subantarctic belt. Such a landscape differs significantly from that of Antarctic oases. The Fildes Peninsula is distinguished by a cool, moist climate and a well developed plant and animal life while the oases of Antarctica are cold deserts, with dry continental air, strong winds and a sparse flora and fauna. The physical geography of the Fildes Peninsula is described in detail, based in part on work of the Soviet Union's Bellingshausen station, established on the peninsula in 1968.
Properties of $s\tilde{\theta}$-open Sets in Generalized Topological Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A study of $\tilde{\theta}$-open sets in generalized topological spaces started in 2011 by Min \cite{wkm}. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of $s\tilde{\theta}$-open sets, $s\tilde{\theta}$-closed sets, $s\tilde{\theta}$-continuous functions and $s\tilde{\theta}$-irresolute functions on generalized topological spaces. We also study some basic propertiesof such sets and functions.
Comparing of hot water and acid extraction of polysaccharides from proso millet

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The extraction of polysaccharides from proso millet was investigated experimentally using hot water and acid aqueous solution. Response surface methodology, based on a three-level, three- or four-variable Box-Behnken design for hot water extraction or acid extraction, respectively, was employed to obtain the best possible combination of acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, and extraction temperature for maximum polysaccharides yield. The obtained experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. The corresponding optimum extraction conditions of each method were obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the experimental yield was well in close agreement with the predicted value by the model. The results showed that the polysaccharides yield of acid extraction was 42.13 mg g-1, significantly higher than 20.07 mg g-1 of the yield of hot water extraction, the obtained equation could be used to predict the extraction experimental results.
Analysis of alternative splicing in chicken macrophages infected with avian pathogenicE. coli(APEC)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Colibacillosis is a complex disease that caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), resulting in huge economic loss to the global poultry industry and threatening to human health. Alternative splicing (AS) is a universal post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, which can simultaneously produce many proteins from a single gene to involve in various diseases and individual development. Herein, we characterized genome-wide AS events in wild type macrophages (WT) and APEC infected macrophages (APEC) by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 751 differentially expressed (DE) AS genes were identified in the comparison of APEC vs. WT, including 587 of SE, 114 of MXE, 25 of RI, 17 of A3 and 8 of A5 event. Functional analysis showed that these identified DE AS genes were involved in 'Endocytosis', 'p53 signaling pathway', 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'NOD-like receptor signaling pathway', 'Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis' and 'Focal adhesion' immune related pathways. In summary, we comprehensively investigate AS events during APEC infection. This study has expanded our understanding of the process of APEC infection and provided new insights for further treatment options for APEC infection.
Thrombocytopenia and subclavian cannulation.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Birnbaum (1948) introduced the notion of peakedness about T of a random variable\nT, defined by P(I T - Tl &lt;e), e &gt; O. What seems not to be well known is that,\nfor a consistent estimator Tn of T, its peakedness does not necessarily converge to 1\nmonotonically in n . In this article some known results on how the peakedness of the\nsample mean behaves as a function of n are recalled. Also, new results concerning the\npeakedness of the median and the midrange are presented.
The Economics of Controlling Insect‐Transmitted Plant Diseases

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A framework is developed to analyze a spatially dependent economically significant pest problem emanating from a source and spreading via a carrier such as an insect. Transmission and/or source control to combat the pest or disease problem are explored. Alternative assumptions about the effectiveness of transmission control and the feasibility and costs, both social and private, of reduction of the pest population at the source are examined in an application of the model to controlling Pierce's disease in California wine grapes.
Experimental Research on the Confirmation of Human Body Surface Reachable Grade

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A system to measure and evaluate functional reachable area on the human body that meets the special requirements of soldiers and military equipment. The human, body was divided into 32 parts based on the equipment and systems carried by a Chinese soldier. Three grades - Comfort Reach, MAX-Reach, and Unreachable - were used to evaluate the reachability of each part of the body. Subjects were evaluated in three positions: standing, kneeling and prone. Data was verified through the maximum membership principal, and the result is satisfactory.
Experimental Studies of Mimicry. 6. The Reaction of Toads (Bufo terrestris) to Honeybees (Apis mellifera) and Their Dronefly Mimics (Eristalis vinetorum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1) Laboratory experiments were conducted to test visual mimicry of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) by the dronefly (Eristalis vinetorum) with 67 caged Southern Toads (Bufo terrestris) as predators. Twenty-two experimental and 22 control toads completed the experiment. 2) Both experimental and control toads began by eating the droneflymimic and a standard palatable insect, the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), which they readily took throughout the experiment. 3) The experimental toads were then given live honeybees which they at first ate, but after being stung, learned to reject them on sight. When a final mimic was offered, it was eaten by less than half of these toads. 4) On the contrary, nearly all the control toads ate the final mimic. Batesian mimicry of the honeybee by the dronefly was therefore shown to be highly effective. 5) The control toads also freely ate dead honeybees with the stings removed which indicates that the noxious quality that makes the honeybee unpalatable to toads is the sting, perhaps reinforced by buzzing. 6) The acceptance of mealworms but refusal on sight of the initial drone-flies by 14 toads suggested that they had experienced honeybees in the wild prior to capture and is indirect evidence in support of mimicry.
Temperature-dependent optical constants of highly transparent solids determined by the combined double optical pathlength transmission-ellipsometry method

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The optical constants of five highly transparent substrates (polycrystalline BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, ZnSe, and ZnS) were experimentally determined based on a combined technique using both the double optical pathlength transmission method and the ellipsometry method within temperature range 20°C-350°C in the ultraviolet-infrared region (0.2-20 μm). The results show that the refractive index spectra of polycrystalline BaF2, CaF2, and MgF2 are similar, but differ from that of polycrystalline ZnSe and ZnS. The thermo-optic coefficient of these highly transparent substrates increases with increasing temperature. The absorption indices show a significant temperature-dependent behavior, which increases with increasing temperature from 20°C to 350°C over the transparent region. For the sake of application, the fitted formulas of the refractive index of the five highly transparent substrates as a function of wavelength and temperature are presented.
RTEMIS: Real-Time Tumoroid and Environment Monitoring Using Impedance Spectroscopy and pH Sensing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research utilizes Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, a technique classically used for electrochemical analysis and material characterization, as the basis for a non-destructive, label-free assay platform for three dimensional (3D) cellular spheroids. In this work, a linear array of microelectrodes is optimized to rapidly respond to changes located within a 3D multicellular model. In addition, this technique is coupled with an on chip micro-pH sensor for monitoring the environment around the cells. Finally, the responses of both impedance and pH are correlated with physical changes within the cellular model. The impedance analysis system realized through this work provides a foundation for the development of high-throughput drug screening systems that utilize multiple parallel sensing modalities including pH and impedance sensing in order to quickly assess the efficacy of specific drug candidates.\nThe slow development of new drugs is mainly attributed to poor predictability of current chemosensitivity and resistivity assays, as well as genetic differences between the animal models used for tests and humans. In addition, monolayer cultures used in early experimentation are fundamentally different from the complex structure of organs in vivo. This requires the study of smaller 3D models (spheroids) that more efficiently replicate the conditions within the body.\nThe main objective of this research was to develop a microfluidic system on a chip that is capable of deducing viability and morphology of 3D tumor spheroids by monitoring both the impedance of the cellular model and the pH of their local environment. This would provide a fast and reliable method for screening pharmaceutical compounds in a high-throughput system.