jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electro-elastic Modeling of Multi-Step Transitions in two Elastically Coupled and Sterically Frustrated 1D Spin-Crossover Chains

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

1D spin crossover (SCO) solids which convert between the low-spin (LS) and the high-spin (HS) states are widely studied in the literature due to their diverse thermal and optical characters which allows obtaining many original behaviors, such as large thermal hysteresis, incomplete spin tran-sitions, as multi-step spin transitions with self-organized states. In the present work, we investigate the thermal behaviors of a system of two-elastically coupled 1D mononuclear chains, using the electro-elastic model, by including an elastic frustration in the nearest neighbors (nn) bond length distances of each chain. The chains are made of SCO sites that are coupled elastically through springs with their nn and next-nearest neighbors. The elastic inter-chain coupling includes diagonal springs, while the nn inter-chains distance is fixed to that of the high-spin state. The model is solved using MC simulations, performed on the spin states and the lattice distortions. When we only frustrate the first chain, we found a strong effect on the thermal-dependence of the HS fraction of the second chain, whose, by lowering its transition temperature which is also accompanied with the appearance of a significant residual HS fraction at low temperature. In the second step, we frustrate both chains by imposing different frustration rates and found that, for high frustration values, the thermal dependence of the total HS fraction exhibits three step and even four step spin transitions. The careful examination of the spin state structures in the plateau regions revealed the existence of special antiferro-elastic structure of type LSLS-HSHS-LSLS-HSHS along the first chain, and HSHS-LSLS-HSHS-LSLS along the second, also showing that the two chains seem to be antifer-ro-elastically coupled. This type of organization is interesting, because it anticipates the possible existence of periodic structures made of alternate 1D antiferro-like HS-LS strings coupled in the ferro-like fashion along the interchain direction in the 2D case.
Differential Susceptibility of Guanine Nucleotide-binding Proteins to Pertussis Toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in Brain Membranes of Two Congeneric Marine Fishes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pertussis toxin-catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation was used to probe the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins Gi and Go in brain membranes from two scorpaenid fishes, Sebastolobus alascanus and S. altivelis. The membranes of the two species exhibit a differential sensitivity to [32P]ADP-ribosylation produced by a fixed concentration of pertussis toxin. The membranes from the deeper-living S. altivelis consistently incorporated more [32P]ADP than the membranes from S. alascanus. Proteins of 39 and 41 kDa are specifically labeled in both species, corresponding to the apparent molecular masses of the α subunits of Gi and Go. At 5°C the ribosylation reaction is linear for at least 7 h. The pertussis toxin concentration-response relationship was evaluated with concentrations of pertussis toxin from 0 to 100 ng/ {mu}l. The extent of [32P]ADP-ribosylation was quantified by autoradiography and computer-assisted image analysis. The EC50 values for pertussis toxin were similar for the two species, but the maximum level of [32P]ADP-ribosylation was significantly greater in S. altivelis brain membranes. Because the heterotrimeric holoprotein is the substrate for ribosylation, the modulatory effects of the guanyl nucleotides GDP and GTPγS on the ribosylation were assessed. GDP increased [32P]ADP-ribosylation of the α subunits in S. altivelis. Only the highest concentration tested (1000 μM) increased [32P]ADP-ribosylation in S. alascanus brain membranes and only to a modest extent. Increasing concentrations of GTPγS suppressed [32P]ADP-ribosylation in S. alascanus brain membranes, presumably by promoting dissociation of the holotrimer. GTPγS had much less of an effect on the S. altivelis brain membranes. These differences in the extent of ADP-ribosylation and the modulatory effects of guanyl nucleotides may reflect different coupling efficiencies of G proteins and receptors. The expression of the α and β subunits of Gi and Go in the two Sebastolobus species, the deep-sea morid teleost fish Antimora rostrata, and the rat were compared by Western immunoblotting of brain membranes with antipeptide antisera. Levels of Giα3 were 63% higher in brain membranes of S. altivelis than those in S. alascanus. The levels of Giα1, Giα2, Go and β36 were similar in the two species. Although the complement of G proteins identified by the array of antisera used was similar in all the species, there appears to be additional diversity of α subunits in the teleost brain membranes. In fish, antiserum to Goα reacted with an additional 41 to 42 kDa protein that was not expressed in rat brain.
12468 Loss Of Enterococcus And Faecalibacterium Associate With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome And Hirsutism In A Sample Of Hispanic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Disclosure: L.A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez: Research Investigator; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. C.M. Casas Loyola: None. C.I. Martinez-Hernandez: None. L. El Musa Penna: None. J. Romaguera: None. F. Godoy-Vitorino: None. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen levels and polycystic ovaries. Women with PCOS often display insulin resistance independent of fat and have been associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and mood disorders. The gut microbiota, the community of microbes living in the human gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in human health and has been implicated in various diseases, including metabolic and inflammatory conditions. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in a sample of Hispanic women living in Puerto Rico (n=50). Of these 38 had confirmed PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria and 12 were controls. A stool sample was collected for genomic DNA extractions followed by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes (V4 region) with Illumina MiSEQ. Data analyses were performed with standard pipelines with variables sample group (PCOS vs Controls), insulin resistance assessed using HOMA-IR and hirsutism status according to modified-Ferriman Gallwey (mFG) score and controlled for age and other clinical variables. Despite there were no changes in alpha or beta diversity among the microbiota of these groups, composition was significantly different. Women with PCOS had significantly lower levels of Enterococcus species as well as Hungatella, taxa that are part of a physiologically normal gut flora. Enterococcus species contribute to the balance of the microbial community and play roles in the metabolism and immune function and are very resilient. Hungatella species are a known source of catabolic enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans which are important in tissue repair. These dominant taxa in controls was substituted by other taxa in PCOS. Women with prominent hirsutism had significantly lower levels of Faecalibacterium while those with insulin resistance had increased levels of Clostridium. We found that higher levels Clostridium, and lower levels of protective anti-inflammatory taxa such as Faecalibacterium or Enterococci, which are important for gut health and metabolic regulation, are linked to this metabolic disturbance. Even though this is a preliminary report, it opens potential therapeutic strategies, such as the use probiotics, and dietary modifications to modulate the gut microbiome and improve PCOS outcomes. Presentation: 6/1/2024
Abstract 105: Characterizing the exomic profile of MSI colorectal cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Western countries. Of all CRC tumors, 15% display microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by defective cellular mismatch repair. Cells displaying MSI accumulate a high number of mutations throughout the genome, especially in short repeat areas called microsatellites. Also point mutations occur in excess in these tumors. Sporadic MSI CRCs are caused by biallelic inactivation of the MLH1 gene, usually by promoter hypermethylation. The MSI tumors have a genetic and clinopathological profile that significantly differs from microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. Overall, MSI tumors have been studied much less than MSS tumors, mainly due to the high number of mutations in MSI tumors, which makes data analysis and identification of relevant mutations challenging. To date, several genes have been proposed as MSI target genes based on targeted searches of their mutation frequency in microsatellite areas. A few systematic sequencing studies on colorectal cancer have been published, but none of them focus on MSI tumors, making this study first of a kind. In this study, the exome of 25 sporadic MSI tumors and corresponding normal samples are sequenced to identify changes of somatic origin. Bioinformatical tools are used to rank the genes and identify true driver genes based on clustering of missense mutations. The most interesting findings will be validated by direct Sanger sequencing. In addition to corresponding normal specimens, samples from healthy Finnish blood donors as well as data from other ongoing sequencing projects and sequence databases are used as controls to exclude polymorphisms. The data of all the 25 tumors has been analyzed and validation of the potential clusters of missense mutations is in process. The pathological nature of the changes will be confirmed by possible functional studies. This way we wish to identify new driver genes in MSI CRC. A detailed understanding of the molecular background of this tumor type is important for the development of more efficient screening methods and personalized treatments. By characterizing changes typical for different MSI tumors, we wish to identify subtypes within the MSI tumor category that could be exploited in treatment. Such understanding of MSI tumors could improve the treatment and hence prognosis of patients diagnosed with MSI type CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 105. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-105
La consulta de la sanción ambiental:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ex officio court review (consulta) as a procedural requirement does not usually generate controversy, since at present its application is limited to a very low proportion of procedures within our legal system. However, since the enactment of Law Nº20,600 (2012) - where the obligation to raise certain sanctions applied by the Superintendence of the Environment for juditial review, is established - the purpose, scope and limits of this procedural institution has become a part of the legal debate. Beyond a recount of its application by the environmental courts and the problems that have been detected in these years, the objective of this work is to analyze whether this institution is justified from the perspective of the public interest involved in the application of environmental sanctions, concluding that it is an unnecessary procedure.
The Effect of Spectacle Lenses Containing Peripheral Defocus on Refractive Error and Horizontal Eye Shape in the Guinea PigPeripheral Defocus Affects Central Eye Shape

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

PurposeIt has been proposed that the peripheral retina, responding to local optical defocus, contributes to myopia and associated altered eye growth in humans. To test this hypothesis, we measured the changes in central (on-axis) and peripheral ocular dimensions in guinea pigs wearing a concentric bifocal spectacle lens design with power restricted to the periphery.MethodsFive groups of guinea pigs (n = 83) wore either a unifocal (UF) spectacle lens (-4, 0, or +4 Diopters [D]), or a peripheral defocus (PF) spectacle lens that had a plano center (diameter of 5 mm) with either -4 or +4 D in the surround (-4/0 or +4/0 D). The overall optical diameter of all lenses was 12 mm. Lenses were worn over one eye from 8 to 18 days of age for negative and plano lenses, or from 8 to 22 days of age for positive lenses. Refractive error was measured centrally and 30° off-axis in the temporal and nasal retina. The shape of the eye was analyzed from images of sectioned eyes.ResultsLenses of -4 D UF induced myopia, reflecting enhanced ocular elongation, which was centered on the optic nerve head and included the surrounding peripapillary zone (PPZ, 18° in diameter). Some ocular expansion, including within the PPZ, also was recorded with -4/0 and +4/0 D PF lenses while the +4 D UF lens inhibited rather than enhanced elongation, centrally and peripherally.ConclusionsPeripheral defocus-induced ocular expansion encompasses the PPZ, irrespective of the sign of the inducing defocus. Understanding the underlying mechanism potentially has important implications for designing multifocal lenses for controlling myopia in humans and also potentially for understanding the link between myopia and glaucoma.
Determination of Chemical Composition, Degradability and Digestibility of Treated

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, the nutritive values of treated Walnut hull by Neurospora sitophila were evaluated. The chemical composition of samples was evaluated by laboratory analysis. In vitro digestibility experiment was done to determine digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and also digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD) to estimate the metabolizable energy (ME) content of treated Walnut hull. In addition, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance of samples were determined by In-Situ method at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation and their kinetics were described using the equation P= a + b(1−e −ct ). The nutritive value index (NIV) of samples was calculated using the equation: NIV= a + 0.4b + 200c. The collected data was analyzed in a completely randomized design. The content of tannin and phenol in walnut hull decreased significantly by processing (P<0.05). No significant effect was seen on degradability parameters and nutritive value index. Digestibility coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, digestible organic matter in dry matter and metabolizable energy of treated walnut hull were significantly (P<0.05) lower than untreated Walnut hull.
The electronic structure of the low-lying 2.SIGMA.+ and 2.PI. valence states of carbonyl (CO+)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe electronic structure of the low-lying 2.SIGMA.+ and 2.PI. valence states of carbonyl (CO+)Nobumitsu Honjou and David R. YarkonyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 1, 44–48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100247a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100247a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Genetic Algorithm-based Generative Design for Creative Ring Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

독창성은 예술작품 뿐만아니라 장신구, 생활용품 등 다양한 디자인에서 요구된다. 창조적 디자인 작업에 참신한 모티프를 얻기 위해 변환생성 디자인 기법이 활용될 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 독특한 반지 모델을 만들어 내는 변환생성 디자인 방법을 제안한다. 후보해 표현방법, 연산자, 평가함수 관점에서 제안된 알고리즘에 대해서 소개한다. 제안한 방법은 고객이 자신의 반지 모양에 대한 취향을 선택하도록 하고, 취향을 평가에 반영하도록 하면서 여러 가지 반지 모델을 만들어서 추천하도록 한다. 반지 모델은 3차원 입체로 표현되기 때문에, 고객이 최종적으로 선택한 모델을 3차원 프린터를 통해서 실물로 제작될 수 있다. Creativity is crucial in designing and producing attractive accessaries and daily supplies as well as art works. Generative design can be a paradigm to be used to obtain novel ideas or motifs for creative design works. This paper introduces a generative design method which comes up with unique ring models using genetic algorithm. It presents how the genetic algorithm works in terms of candidate solution coding, operators, and fitness evaluation function. The proposed method allows the customers to express their personal preference and later the preference to be reflected in fitness evaluation. In the final stage of the proposed method, several ring models are suggested for customers to choose on their own. The chosen ring models can be put into physical rings with the help of a 3D printer because the models are expressed in 3D geometric structures.
Liquid filled method for substrate integrated waveguide reconfigurable filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a reconfigurable band-pass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide technologies. The presented dispositive is a two cavities filter that operates on 4GHz. The proposed method of reconfiguration consists to remove a part of the substrate and fill it with liquid dielectric. By controlling the liquid level, using an auto controlled microinjection device, we managed to translate the bandwidth. For the validation of this method, a two-pole band-pass filter has been designed and simulated.
Design and construction of a precision cartilage reshaping device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript describes the design and construction of device which controls the laser reshaping of cartilage specimens using dynamic measurements of changes in tissue optical properties and surface temperature as feedback control variables. Diffusely transmitted light from an amplitude modulated diode laser ((lambda) equals670 nm, 5 mW) was collected using a multimode optical fiber and measured with a silicon photoreceiver using lock in detection method. Surface temperature was measured with a thermopile. A jig was constructed to maintain porcine nasal septal cartilage specimens (25.0 x 10.0 x 2.0 mm) in deformation during photothermal heating. The jig and specimen were translated relative to a fixed laser spot using two motors controlled using LabView software and a motion control card. Software allowed implementation of several different modes of operation including closed-loop feedback control or open- loop (user defined) conditions. This device has allowed the systematic evaluation of the effect of laser dosimetry on the reshaping process. Design considerations are discussed along with suggestions for clinical device development.
Meta-Network Framework for Analyzing Disaster Management System-of-Systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to establish a meta-network framework to identify constituents in Disaster Management System-of-Systems (DM-SoS), conceptualize relationships and interactions among the constituents, and formulate quantitative measurements of DM-SoS performance for achieving network-centric operation and coordination in the context of disasters. With increasingly serious impacts of disasters on interdependent and heterogeneous systems, the improvement of effective and integrative disaster response and coordination is needed. However, some existing literature only proposed some frameworks for modeling disaster management systems, while another stream of studies only examined the social network analysis (SNA) for understanding the interactions between stakeholders. Thus, quantitative and integrative measurements in DM-SoS are missing. To address this knowledge gap, the authors created and discussed a meta- network framework integrating various types of entities and relationships for quantitatively analyzing the performance of DM-SoS. First, this framework defined nodes and links in meta-metrics for abstracting constituents in disaster management. Second, some performance indicators (e.g., effectiveness, the extent of information sharing, and the extent of self-organization) were created to show the capacities of disaster systems, and the potential perturbations in disaster environment were translated by network theory. Finally, we examined the impacts of perturbations on the indicators and assessed the performance by integrating overall indicators. This study highlighted the significance of quantitative measurements and an integrative perspective on analyzing efficiency and effectiveness of disaster response and coordination. The study also provides implications for making comparisons of different response strategies for decision makers to achieve resilient disaster management systems.
The indexing policy in the practices of Brazilian institutional repositories: A diagnostic study from the perception of managers and indexers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Institutional repositories aim to gather, treat and disseminate information resources produced in a given institution. The adoption of an indexing policy aims to improve information retrieval by the user community of the institutional repository, by proposing elements that standardize the practices of librarians who work in subject cataloging. The objective of the research is to analyze the perception of managers and indexers of Brazilian institutional repositories about the indexing policy for information organization and representation, with the specific objectives of performing a compared evaluation of elements and variables (characteristics, processes, and instruments) of the indexing policy regarding indexing and retrieval, discussion of vocabulary control procedures, and obtaining an overview focusing on the perception of the need for an indexing policy in Brazilian institutional repositories. Semi-structured interviews were applied to nine participants from eight institutional repositories to investigate the requirements, elements and variables of the indexing policy in the practice of managers and librarians of institutional repositories. The results reveal the need for improvements in the practices of the analyzed institutional repositories regarding the activities of subject cataloging, standardization of subject metadata, and vocabulary control, queries, and in carrying out tests or trials for continuous evaluation of indexing and information retrieval with users. The study also revealed that this scenario can be more positive if institutional repositories adopt an indexing policy for the practices they perform in repositories to be understood by managers and librarians as a tool to improve information retrieval. La política de indización en las prácticas de los repositorios institucionales brasileños: un estudio de diagnóstico desde la percepción de gestores e indexadores
10‐Phenyl‐Dibenz [B,F] Oxepin and — Dibenzo [B,F] Thiepin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract By a method of ring enlargement, 10‐phenyl‐dibenz [b,f] oxepin and 10‐phenyl‐dibenzo [b,f] thiepin have been prepared from suitable derivatives of xanthene and thioxanthene, respectively.