jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Three Dimensional MHD flows in an Electric Furnace

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to simulate the flow and heat transfer in a slag cleaning furnace. The magnetohydraudynamic (MHD) model has been implemented into the CFX4 code using user subroutines. The physical model is an industrial furnace with three electrodes immersed into the slag. Predictions reveal that the slag flow is quite complex and three-dimensional. The electric potential, the electric current density and the heat generation drops sharply near the electrode surface. The slag temperature increases with increasing the electric potential. The predicted slag temperature is compared with the plant data.
Implementation of an Internet-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Promoting Mental Health Among Migrant Live-in Caregivers in Canada: Protocol (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Psychological distress, isolation, feelings of powerlessness, and limited social support are realities faced by temporary migrant live-in caregivers in Canada. Furthermore, they experience multiple barriers in accessing mental health services due to their long work hours, limited knowledge of health resources, precarious employment, and immigration status.

OBJECTIVE

The Women Empowerment - Caregiver Acceptance &amp; Resilience E-Learning (WE2CARE) project is a pilot intervention research project that aims to promote the mental well-being and resiliency of migrant live-in caregivers. The objectives include exploring the effectiveness of this program in achieving the following: (1) reducing psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress); (2) promoting committed actions of self-care; and (3) building mutual support social networks. Further, participants’ satisfaction with the intervention and their perceived barriers to and facilitators of practicing the self-care strategies embedded in WE2CARE will be examined.

METHODS

A total of 36 live-in caregivers residing in the Greater Toronto Area will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or waitlist control group. The intervention group will receive a 6-week web-based psychosocial intervention that will be based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Standardized self-reported surveys will be administered online preintervention, postintervention, and at 6 weeks postintervention to assess mental distress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire), mindfulness (Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised), and resilience (Multi-System Model of Resilience Inventory). In addition, two focus groups will be held with a subset of participants to explore their feedback on the utility of the WE2CARE program.

RESULTS

WE2CARE was funded in January 2019 for a year. The protocol was approved by the research ethics boards of Ryerson University (REB 2019-036) and the University of Toronto (RIS37623) in February and May 2019, respectively. Data collection started upon ethics approval and was completed by May 2020. A total of 29 caregivers completed the study and 20 participated in the focus groups. Data analyses are in progress and results will be published in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

WE2CARE could be a promising approach to reducing stress, promoting resilience, and providing a virtual space for peer emotional support and collaborative learning among socially isolated and marginalized women. The results of this pilot study will inform the adaptation of an ACT-based psychological intervention for online delivery and determine its utility in promoting mental health among disadvantaged and vulnerable populations.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/31211
Toward Trusting Therapeutic Relationships — In Favor of the Annual Physical

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Interview with Drs. Allan Goroll and Ateev Mehrotra on whether the annual physical should be retained, eliminated, or modified for 21st-century realities. (15:51)Download Continued enthusiasm for annual physicals may be driven by the desire or need to establish and maintain a close, trusting relationship with one's personal physician. We could preserve and enhance the annual visit's benefits by turning it into an annual health review.
Photo‐Induced Arylation of Carbazoles With Aryldiazonium Salts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Arylcarbazoles have been widely used in materials science as important organic semiconductor molecules. To investigate the electronic and photophysical properties of arylcarbazole with different substitution patterns, facile and straightforward synthesis of arylcarbazole derivatives is sought after. Herein we report on photo‐induced direct arylation reactions of carbazole. Treatment of carbazoles with aryldiazonium salts afforded the arylated carbazole. Although the reaction was not regioselective, C1 and C4‐arylated carbazoles were obtained as the major isomers. When N ‐pyridylcarbazole was employed as the substrate with palladium catalyst, the reaction proceeded selectively at C1 position.
Relation of the Amount of Circulating Endothelial Cells in Peripheral Blood and the Serum Level of VEGF in Tumor Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial precursors (CEPs) in peripheral blood of tumor patients. Methods: CECs and CEPs were enumerated in 57 tumor patients and 15 healthy controls by 3-color flow cytometry. The serum level of angiogenesis related cytokines(VEGF, bFGF)was determined by ELISA method. Results: In tumor patients, mean value of CECs and CEPs was (0.378±0.047)% and (0.059±0.013)% respectively. The serum level of VEGF and bFGF were (295.58±59.56) ng/L and (28.73±7.40) ng/L. The amount of CECs/CEPs positively correlated with the serum level of VEGF and bFGF. Conclusions: The CECs/CEPs and serum level of VEGF and bFGF of tumor patients was higher than those of normal controls. VEGF and bFGF may participate into the course of endothelial progenitors mobilization.
The Social Studies Teacher as Writing Coach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Writing isn't just for English class anymore. Since 1973, many state-sponsored writing projects have been instituted in wake of Bay Area Writing Project's progressive ideas about teaching of writing. Teachers across disciplines have been bombarded with scads of quick fixes and some reasoned curatives designed for improvement of student writing.1 A major underlying theme in all of suggested remedies is that writing is knowing-a way not only to improve writing but also to help students improve in a particular subject.2 Teachers and researchers in various fields acknowledge that teaching writing is not solely English teacher's responsibility. In many schools, English teachers and content-area teachers have pooled their resources to improve writing instruction.3 Alfred J. Ciani, for instance, claims that mathematicians recognize importance of reading and writing skills for a child's understanding of mathematics.4 The social studies teacher's belief in total curriculum approach to teaching writing was underscored several years ago by National Council for Social Studies's special edition of Social Education devoted to writing in social studies.5 Teachers in other fields have expressed similar views about importance of writing across curriculum.6 Lee Odell has suggested that if writing is to be improved on a grand scale, teacher must relate the process of writing to process of learning a given subject.' Furthermore, a subject-area teacher (such as a social studies teacher) must emphasize importance of writing in different modes (the expressive and poetic as well as transactional). For example, in addition to performing transactional writing about Benjamin Franklin (such as a biographical sketch), social studies teacher might ask student to write a poem depicting Franklin's feelings about his discoveries or an interpretive essay exploring Franklin's conflict between his religious and scientific be-
Assessment of the whole body cholesterol pool size in Smith-Lemli-Opitz patients receiving cholesterol supplementation alone or combined with simvastatin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a multiple congenital/mental retardation syndrome, caused by 7-dehydrocholesterol-∆7-reductase (DHCR7) enzyme deficiency. DHCR7 enzyme is involved in the last step conversion of sterol precursors to cholesterol, thus its deficiency results in low plasma cholesterol, high 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) and 8-dehydrocholesterol (8DHC) levels in tissues and plasma. Dietary cholesterol supplementation has been used as a standard therapy, aiming to increase plasma and tissue cholesterol concentrations, down regulating 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA R) enzyme activity and perhaps suppressing 7DHC synthesis. HMG CoA R competitive inhibitor (e.g. simvastatin) also has been used in explorative studies in SLOS to decrease toxic build-up of 7DHC and 8DHC. Since cholesterol supplementation is prescribed routinely for most SLOS patients, it is critical to examine effects of cholesterol supplementation alone (HI) or combined with simvastatin (HI+ST) on maximizing whole body cholesterol pool size (WBCPS) and how other parameters can influence WBCPS in a positive way while down-regulating biosynthesis to decrease the build-up of potentially toxic precursors (7DHC/8DHC). SLOS patients receiving cholesterol supplementation alone (n=15; mean age: 9.4 ± 1.9 years) or combined with simvastatin (n=4; mean age: 7.3 ± 1.2 years) were administered an intravenous injection of [18O]-cholesterol (1.0-1.4 mg/kg bodyweight) or [2H7]-cholesterol (0.9-1.4 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at baseline and over a 10 weeks period, cholesterol was extracted from red blood cells, derivatized with piconyl ester and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. General linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between WBCPS and various parameters including body weight, cholesterol intake, and plasma levels of cholesterol, and for comparison of WBCPS values between patients on high cholesterol diet with and without simvastatin. Results are reported as mean ± SEM. Overall, WBCPS was significantly predicted by body weight (r2=0.65; p<0.05) and age (r2=0.46; p<0.05), but not plasma cholesterol levels (r2=0.10). WBCPS failed to correlate with cholesterol intake. However, plasma cholesterol concentration correlated with cholesterol intake (r2=0.42; p<0.05). WBCPS was higher in HI+ST compared to HI group (2.76 ± 0.20 vs. 2.53 ± 0.19 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively; p=0.02). Finally, no significant change in WBCPS was seen over time (p=0.06) in SLOS patients (n=6) re-evaluated after 2.0 ± 1.1 years of high cholesterol supplementation with and without simvastatin. The findings of this current study increased our knowledge about the effects of interventions such as dietary cholesterol supplementation and simvastatin on the WBCPS in children with SLOS.
Using simulation to learn about vehicle dynamics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mathematical models of vehicles are used to learn about vehicle behaviour. Traditionally, computer simulation analyses have been limited to experts who have specific questions about the vehicle dynamic performance. However, less experienced engineers can also run mathematical models when simulation technology is combined with a modern graphical interface and a database of vehicle properties. This paper shows how engineers and others can use simulation to rapidly gain experience in vehicle dynamics. Fundamental concepts involving steer, braking, and throttle inputs are demonstrated in an easy-to-use simulation environment. The paper describes features in the user interface that support quick learning on the part of the user. It also lists model features that serve to emphasise the most significant vehicle properties.
Rotation-invariant histogram features for threat object detection on pipeline right-of-way

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a novel algorithm that automatically detects anomalies in pipeline right of the way (ROW) regions in aerial surveillance videos. Early detection of anomalies on pipeline ROWs avoids failures or leaks. Vehicles that are potential threats vary in size, shape and color. The detection algorithm should be fast to enable detection in real-time. In this paper, we propose a rotation-invariant gradient histogram based descriptor built in CIELab color space. An SVM with radial basis kernel is used as the classifier. We use only the a and b components since they represent the color values. The region of interest is divided into concentric circular regions. The number of such concentric regions is based on the size of the target. The inner regions capture the local characteristics and finer details of the image. Larger regions capture the global characteristics. A noise reducing differentiation kernel is used to compute the gradient of the region to cope with motion blur and noise introduced by atmospheric aberrations. A gradient orientation histogram is constructed in each region by voting the magnitude of gradients. The final descriptor is build by concatenating the magnitude of DFT of orientation histograms collected from a component and b components. The magnitude of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the histogram is invariant to rotations. DFT can be efficiently computed as Fast Fourier Transfrom (FFT). Since the algorithm uses a sliding window detector, it can easily be parallelized.
Anu’s story: Unpacking the conflation of sex work and sex trafficking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using I-poems and poetic inquiry, this paper takes a case study approach to discuss the distinctions between consensual sex work and sex trafficking by situating the knowledge and lived experience of a first-generation South Asian Canadian independent indoor sex worker. Through Anu’s words describing her own experiences with both empowering work and instances of exploitation, this paper posits that engaging in the sex trade is legitimate work when workers have agency. Despite the stereotypes perpetuated in anti-trafficking discourse, especially of South Asian women, Anu defies the expected role of a helpless trafficking victim. In highlighting Anu’s story, we aim to provide a complexified and nuanced view of sex trafficking and its common conflation with consensual sex work. This conflation leads to further harm, as can be seen in Anu’s story, when anti-trafficking legal measures do not provide safety nor justice for sex workers who experience exploitation but are not perceived as adhering to controlling narratives of a “marketable victim.”
Suri/Huacaya phenotype inheritance in alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Suri/Huacaya phenotype inheritance in alpaca was tested on two independent Peruvian sources of records: the Registry of Mallkini farm (588 offspring by Suri sire × Suri dam from 62 paternal half sib families, and 2,126 offspring by Huacaya sire × Huacaya dam from 177 paternal half sib families) and the results of the Quimsachata INIA ILPA Puno experimental trial (two reciprocal experimental test-crosses, involving a total of 17 unrelated males and 149 unrelated females). The data support a genetic model in which two linked loci must simultaneously be homozygous for recessive alleles in order to produce the Huacaya phenotype. The estimated recombination rate between these loci was 0.099 (95% C.L. = 0.029-0.204). The birth of 3 Suri offspring from Huacaya x Huacaya mating is explained by a new dominant mutation on some germinal lines of Huacaya animals. The direct mutation rate can be estimated at 0.0014.
Open Access Effect of Co-Inoculation with Mycorrhiza and Rhizobia on the Nodule Trehalose Content of Different Bean Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Studies on Rhizobium-legume symbiosis show that trehalose content in nodules under drought stress correlates positively with an increase in plant tolerance to this stress. Fewer reports describe trehalose accumulation in mycorrhiza where, in contrast with rhizobia, there is no flux of carbohydrates from the microsymbiont to the plant. However, the trehalose dynamics in the Mycorrhiza-Rhizobium-Legume tripartite symbiosis is unknown. The present study explores the role of this tripartite symbiosis in the trehalose content of nodules grown under contrasting moisture conditions. Three wild genotypes (P. filiformis, P. acutifolis and P. vulgaris) and two commercial genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris (Pinto villa and Flor de Mayo) were used. Co-inoculation treatments were conducted with Glomus intraradices and a mixture of seven native rhizobial strains, and trehalose content was determined by GC/MS. The results showed a negative effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on nodule development, as mycorrhized plants showed fewer nodules and lower nodule dry weight compared to plants inoculated only with Rhizobium. Mycorrhizal colonization was also higher in plants inoculated only with Glomus as compared to plants co-inoculated with both microsymbionts. In regard to trehalose, co-inoculation negatively affects its accumulation in the nodules of each genotype tested. However, the correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and nodule trehalose content.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Degradation of Glycosides. Part 2. Thermal Effect on Acetates of Typical Triterpenoid and Steroid Glycosides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In contrast to the glycosides (Ia) and (IIa) and digitoxin (IIIa) no cleavage of the sugar‐aglycone or sugar‐sugar bond is observed in the acetyl derivatives (Ib)‐(IIIb).
Azimuth correction for passive surface wave dispersion based on polarization analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Passive surface wave methods have found extensive application in near-surface investigation due to their benefits of low costs, non-invasiveness and high accuracy. Linear arrays are usually adopted in urban environments for their convenience and efficiency. However, the distribution of noise sources in densely populated urban areas varies rapidly in time and space, making it challenging to estimate accurate dispersion spectra using a linear array. To solve this problem, we propose a polarization analysis-based azimuthal correction method. We first obtain the azimuth of each segment by calculating the correlation coefficient of three-component ambient noise data. The normalized correlation coefficient is then applied for quality control to select reliable segments. For selected segments, the overestimated velocity caused by directional sources are corrected to obtain accurate dispersion spectra. A synthetic test is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of our method. Compared with the dispersion spectra obtained without any correction, the dispersion spectra obtained following the suggested scheme are more consistent with the theoretical dispersion curves. Two real-world examples at crossroads show the superiority of the proposed technique in obtaining higher resolution dispersion energy and more accurate phase velocities. In addition, our approach can attenuate the artefacts and improve the dispersion measurements.
Residues in the longitudinal, hydrophobic strip-of-helix relate to terminations and crossings of alpha-helices.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An alpha-helix terminates when the virtual extension of its most hydrophobic, longitudinal strip containing Leu, Ile, Val, Phe, and Met lacks those residues. In each of 247 helices a template was fitted to maximize the mean hydrophobicity of positions forming a longitudinal strip-of-helix. The template was then extended into sequences beyond the ends of the helices. Leu, Ile, Val, Phe, and Met occurred in positions in the longitudinal strip-of-helix at an increased frequency (p less than 0.001), but in the first and second positions beyond either end of each true helix, they occurred at the same frequency as for their empirical distribution over all the proteins. Excesses of Asp and Glu were found in the N-terminal loop, and of Arg, His, and Lys in specific positions about the C terminus of helices. The longitudinal hydrophobic strip, the smallest amino acid in that strip, and charged amino acids in that strip, related to rotational and longitudinal orientation of alpha-helices in 15 proteins. Adjacent helices generally crossed through their longitudinal hydrophobic strips. They usually crossed through the smallest residue in the strip. Charged residues, when they occurred in the strips, were excluded from the crossing regions.
The Intersection Between Aging and Public Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article The Intersection Between Aging and Public Health Get access Sandra Yu, BA, Sandra Yu, BA The John A. Hartford Foundation, New York, New York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jane Carmody, DNP, MBA, RN, FAAN, Jane Carmody, DNP, MBA, RN, FAAN The John A. Hartford Foundation, New York, New York, USA Address correspondence to: Jane Carmody, DNP, MBA, RN, FAAN. Email: jane.carmody@johnahartford.org Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Megan Wolfe, JD, Megan Wolfe, JD Policy Development, Trust for America's Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rani Snyder, MPA Rani Snyder, MPA The John A. Hartford Foundation, New York, New York, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Policy & Aging Report, prad013, https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/prad013 Published: 15 July 2023 Article history Received: 07 April 2023 Editorial decision: 14 May 2023 Published: 15 July 2023
The Economics of Telecommunication Satellite Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

I am taking as a starting point the basic assumption that the most immediate and feasible use for an earth satellite from an economic and commercial point of view is as a link in the existing world telecommunication system. This is a small part of the field of U.S. space programmes, but is the first application of satellite systems to be commercially viable. It is now uppermost in our minds and the tests to be made during this summer give immediate reality to the project.
An Augmented Galerkin Method for First Kind Fredholm Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe an augmented Galerkin technique for the numerical solution of first kind Fredholm equations, which is simple to use and which has the considerable advantage of providing a cheaply computed numerical criterion for the existence of a solution of the equations under study. The method has guaranteed stability, and leads to a standard linear programming problem (when posed in the l1 or lδ norms). It is much faster than the method recommended in a recent review by Lewis (1975); numerical comparisons indicate that it achieves comparable accuracy. The existence criterion also appears effective in practice.
Non-cooperative Fisher--KPP systems: asymptotic behavior of traveling waves

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with non-cooperative parabolic reaction--diffusion systems which share structural similarities with the scalar Fisher--KPP equation. In a previous paper, we established that these systems admit traveling wave solutions. It is then natural to investigate their asymptotic distributions. This is the main object of this paper. Non-cooperative KPP systems can model various phenomena where the following three mechanisms occur: local diffusion in space, linear cooperation and superlinear competition.