jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Muscular forces from static optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At every joint there is a redundant set of muscle activated during movement or loading of the system. Optimization techniques are needed to evaluate individual forces in every muscle. The objective in this thesis was to use static optimization techniques to calculate individual muscle forces in the human extremities. A cost function based on a performance criterion of the involved muscular forces was set to be minimized together with constraints on the muscle forces, restraining negative and excessive values. Load-sharing, load capacity and optimal forces of a system can be evaluated, based on a description of the muscle architectural properties, such as moment arm, physiological cross-sectional area, and peak isometric force. The upper and lower extremities were modelled in two separate studies. The upper extremity was modelled as a two link-segment with fixed configurations. Load-sharing properties in a simplified model were analyzed. In a more complex model of the elbow and shoulder joint system of muscular forces, the overall total loading capacity was evaluated. A lower limb model was then used and optimal forces during gait were evaluated. Gait analysis was performed with simultaneous electromyography (EMG). Gait kinematics and kinetics were used in the static optimization to evaluate of optimal individual muscle forces. EMG recordings measure muscle activation. The raw EMG data was processed and a linear envelope of the signal was used to view the activation profile. A method described as the EMG-to-force method which scales and transforms subject specific EMG data is used to compare the evaluated optimal forces. Reasonably good correlation between calculated muscle forces from static optimization and EMG profiles was shown. Also, the possibility to view load-sharing properties of a musculoskeletal system demonstrate a promising complement to traditional motion analysis techniques. However, validation of the accurate muscular forces are needed but not possible. Future work is focused on adding more accurate settings in the muscle architectural properties such as moment arms and physiological cross-sectional areas. Further perspectives with this mathematic modelling technique include analyzing pathological movement, such as cerebral palsy and rheumatoid arthritis where muscular weakness, pain and joint deformities are common. In these, better understanding of muscular action and function are needed for better treatment.
Effect of somatostatin analogue on the expressions of Hpa and bFGF inhuman gastric cancer transplanted in nude mouse

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of somatostatin analogue octreotide on the expressions of Hpa and bFGF in human gastric cancer transplanted in nude mouse and to investigate the mechanism of action. METHODS: A nude mouse model of xenotransplanted human gastric cancer was established by implanting SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells subcutaneouly in nude mice. After interfering with Octreotide, 5-FU, Octreotide plus 5-FU and nomal saline respectively for six weeks, the expressions of heparanase and bFGF were examined by the immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The weakly positive expression rates of Hpa in Octreotide group, 5-FU group, combined group and control group were 25%, 41.7%, 25% and 16.7% respectively. The strongly positive expression rates were 16.7%, 33.3%, 8.3% and 75% respectively. The positive rates of Hpa in Octreotied group and combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group (χ2=9.32,0.025P0.05 and χ2=12.42, 0.005P0.01, respectively). There was no significantly diffeience between 5-FU group and the contcol group (χ2=2.61, 0.25 P0.5), between 5-FU group and combined group (χ2=3.64, 0.25P0.5). The weakly positive expression rates of bFGF in Octreotide group, 5-FU group, combined group and control group were 33.3%, 25%, 25% and 16.7% respectively. The strongly positive expression rates were 16.7%, 25%, 8.3% and 83.3% respectively. The positive rates of bFGF in Octreotide group, 5-FU group and combined group were significantly lower than those in control group (χ2=10.46, 9.10 and 15.60, 0.01 P0.025, 0.025P0.05 and P0.005 respectively). There was a significantly positive correlation between Hpa and bFGF, r=0.893,P=0.000. CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells in vivo. Combined treatment with octreotide and 5-FU markedly can enhance this effect. The mechanism may be down-regulation of Hpa and bFGF expressions.
Debatten om begreppen - "genus" i Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift 1980-1998

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article concerns a lively conceptual debate that took place in Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift during 1980-1998. When Yvonne Hirdman, a Swedish historian, in 1988 introduced the concepts of gender and gendersystem in KVT (in Swedish: genus och genussystem), this sparked off intense discussions and caused theoretical divisions within Swedish feminism. Opinions were divided on the direction that one believed the theori/.ation should take. Should one strive for something like a new Grand Theory on women's subordination or should the aspirations be somewhat smaller? In this article the author illustrates the shifting emphases in the journal on such theoretical problems as essentialism versus social constructivism and "agents versus structures". The article also lakes into account the new challenges that different theories of a more or less postmodern nature put forward. The ongoing feminist theoretical development has included an expansion, both in terms of a broadening of the investigatory horizon and research delving deeper into various fields. Nowadays Women's Studies is only one part of the larger field of Gender Studies. Genus, today, signifies the growing amount of knowledge about sex and gender, femininity and masculinity, and is often conceptualized, not as a system, but as an ongoing process of historically changing ideas.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_00621

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Common name(s): Common bean
Conserved by: cinzia trabucco, Italy
Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_00621
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2021-04-12
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: SMTA transfer
IS870 requires a 5'-CTAG-3' target sequence to generate the stop codon for its large ORF1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The TB regions of the Agrobacterium vitis octopine/cucumopine Ti plasmids constitute a family of related structures. All contain a bacterial insertion element downstream of the TB-iaaM gene, IS870.1. Whereas 43 isolates with octopine/cucumopine Ti plasmids carry only one IS870 copy, strain Ag57 carries a second copy (IS870.2) 3.9 kb to the right of IS870.1 and part of the same TB region. Two other octopine/cucumopine strains carry an IS870 copy on their chromosome (IS870.3). A study of the unmodified insertion sites of IS870.2 and IS870.3, cloned from closely related strains, enabled us to delimit the IS870 elements. IS870 has a size of 1,152 bp and is terminated by inverted repeats. It contains a large open reading frame without a stop codon. However, a stop codon is generated by insertion into the target sequence 5'-CTAG-3'. IS870 is related to five other insertion sequence elements. For two of these, the stop codon of the largest open reading frame is also created by insertion into a CTAG target site.
Crop Yield Prediction Using Multi Sensors Remote Sensing (Review Article)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pre-harvest prediction of a crop yield may prevent a disastrous situation and help decision-makers to apply more reliable and accurate strategies regarding food security. Remote sensing has numerous returns in the area of crop monitoring and yield prediction which are closely related to differences in soil, climate, and any biophysical and biochemical changes. Different remote techniques could be used for crop monitoring and yield prediction including multi and hyper spectral data, radar and lidar imagery.This study reviews the potentialities, advantages and disadvantages of each technique and the applicability of these techniques under different agricultural conditions. It also shows the different methods in which these techniques could be used efficiently. In addition, the study expects future scenarios of remote sensing applications in vegetation monitoring and the ways to overcome any obstacles that may face this work.It was found that using satellite data with high spthermaatial resolution are still the most powerful method to be used for crop monitoring and to monitor crop parameters. Assessment of crop spectroscopic parameters through field or laboratory devices could be used to identify and quantify many crop biochemical and biophysical parameters. They could be also used as early indicators of plant infections; however, these techniques are not efficient for crop monitoring over large areas.
Comparing mobile phone price estimators in the Iran Market: Hedonic Regression and Artificial Neural Network

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to develop two price estimator functions and compare the performance and accurateness of them.After gathering mobile phone features from their manufacturers’ websites and their prices from “Donyaye-Eqtesad” newspaper, Hedonic regression and Artificial Neural Network models developed.The most effective feature of mobile phones in their prices are theirs brand, being touch screen, camera quality in mega pixel, battery life in calling and wireless network connectivity, and Also ANN model is better estimator than hedonic regression function.Because all of the mobile phones in the Iran market are imported from other countries, importers can import mobile phones that have those features that have more value to customers and reach a higher market share.The major contribution of this paper is specifying the most important determinants of mobile phone prices in the Iran market and comparing the two price estimator functions. This paper is of value to mobile phone importers, mobile phone manufactures, advertisers and pricing researchers.
Research of Classification Methods of EEG Signal Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and LVQ Neural

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve the correct recognition rate of EEG(Electroencephalogram,EEG) signals to meet the needs of Brain-Computer Interface system,this paper put forward a new method of signal recognition which combines wavelet packet decomposition and LVQ neural network.First,using the method of wavelet packet to analyze the signal,and then extract the specific frequency band’s energy of wavelet packet as characteristics.Then using the LVQ neural network model to study the distinguishing between the two EEG datas of Motor Imagery.The simulation experiment uses Matlab software to design LVQ neural network model to judge the two kinds of Motor Imagery task.In the process of judgment,respecti-vely to classify the data by using BP neural network and LVQ neural network.Experimental results show that the LVQ neural network can have a higher correct accuracy to recognize the motor imaginary task than BP neural.
[Incidence and extent of right ventricular functional disorders following the 1st myocardial infarction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A series of 63 patients were studied by gated radionuclide angiocardiography 51/2 weeks after their first acute myocardial infarction. Left (LVEF) and right (RVEF) ventricular ejection fraction were assessed in three groups of patients: 12 patients with transmural anterior infarctions, 35 patients with transmural inferior infarctions and 16 patients with non-transmural infarctions. LVEF was depressed only in the group of patients with anterior infarctions (34.4 +/- 16.3%) but remained within normal limits in the other two groups. RVEF was reduced in 64% of patients with inferior infarctions; the mean value in this group was 36.3 +/- 10.2% (normal range 48 +/- 8%, p less than 0.02). In the other two groups RVEF was only rarely reduced and the mean values were within normal limits. Regional wall motion abnormalities ( WMA ) were found in 47% of all patients, those localised in the left ventricle matching ECG localisation of necrosis in 86% of cases. Only patients with infarctions of the inferior left ventricular wall were found to have WMA in the right ventricle. Functional signs of ischemia (decrease of RVEF or LVEF during physical exercise) were found in 34% of patients with transmural infarctions and 57% of patients with non-transmural infarctions. Radionuclide angiocardiography showed itself a valuable method for assessing persistent dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction not only of the left but also of the right ventricle, a phenomenon not easily detected clinically.
Cyclic Extensibility and Vertex Circtuarity in N_2-Locally Connected Graph

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In[2],a kind of graph with cyclic extensibility which conneted,N_2—locally connect- ed,δ≥2 and not cortained graphs G_1 G_2 is given.Following,under the conditions of theo- roms in [2],a kind of graph with cyclic extensibility which contained induced graphs G_1 G_2 is given.
The influence of dietary phospholipid level on the performances of juvenile amberjack,Seriola dumerili, fed non-fishmeal diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary phospholipid (PL) level on growth and feed intake of juvenile amberjack (Seriola dumerili) fed non-fishmeal (non-FM) diet containing alternative protein sources; soybean protein isolate, tuna muscle by-product powder and krill meal. Three non-FM diets were prepared to contain three levels (14, 37 and 54 g kg−1 dry diet) of PL (soybean lecithin acetone insoluble, 886 g kg−1) and growth performance was monitored in a 30-day growth trial by using 2.6 g of fish. The results indicated that final body weight, weight gain and feed intake significantly increased with increasing dietary PL level. At the highest dietary PL level (54 g kg−1 dry diet), the fish consumed 14.8% and 10.2% as much feed as those fish fed diets containing 14 g kg−1 dry diet and 37 g kg−1 dry diet PL, respectively. An increasing tendency with increasing dietary PL level on feed efficiency was observed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dietary PL supplementation could increase feed intake, and improve the growth of juvenile S. dumerili fed non-FM diets. Therefore, purified PL might be a good candidate to stimulate the growth of fish through enhancing the feed intake when they are fed diets containing alternative protein sources.
Combined raw cornstarch and nifedipine as an additional treatment in persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study reports the result of treatment with the combination of raw cornstarch and nifedipine in two infants affected with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of variable severity. The first infant developed hypoglycemia during early neonatal period and required subtotal pancreatectomy. She still developed hypoglycemia after her second operation. The second infant developed hypoglycemia at the age of 7 months. Raw cornstarch and nifedipine efficiently normalized both infants' blood glucose levels. Although they still need frequent feedings, no hypoglycemic episode was reported except when they were sick. Their growth and development were markedly improved after initiation of treatment.
Design and Research on Sharing Mode of Campus-oriented Express Pickup Service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In view of the inconvenience of picking up packages on campus for students today, we propose a mode of "taking packages conveniently" based on the sharing concept. Based on the mode, we designed a platform that can share the dispatching information of packages between students. Students interact with others through the platform and the supplier can help the demander to pick up the packages without additional time and effort. We build the platform by writing WeChat mini program and using databases and other technologies. Through offline testing of students in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, we found about 40% reduce in average pickup time of students, which can improve the utilization of social resources. This mode has a great development prospect in the campus, and can be extended to the companies and even the pickup service between cities.
A study of surface motor unit action potentials in first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the basic shapes of surface MUAP's of the FDI muscle using a wavelet matching technique. By averaging surface EMG's triggered by the intramuscular EMG, we found the surface MUAP's matched very well with the selected wavelets. It provides us a potential way to quantify the surface EMG by estimating the number of the action potentials contained within it.
Regulatory requirements for Dossier submission in African Countries (Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania) - A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Africa is world’s second fastest growing pharmaceutical market. The CGAR of African Pharmaceutical market is 10.6%. African people suffer from numerous diseases. The local pharmaceutical market is weak and insufficient to meet the demand of such diseased condition and so Africa relies heavily on externally developed and procured drugs. This combination of economic strength and prevalence of diseases is already driving a demand for medicines across Africa. The objective of this study is to delve in various parameters required for registration for externally developed pharmaceutical product African countries. A dossier containing detailed information about the drug and results of the studies carried out in its development process has to be submitted to the regulating bodies for getting market authorization. CTD is critical for dossier submissions. A comparative study will help the sponsor to file the dossier in many countries simultaneously; which can save time and money. Thus knowledge of guideline specific for individual country becomes important to determine the most stringent member, which shall ease approval process in other target countries in the region.
Dynamic Cell Level Modeling and Experimental Data From a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A quasi three-dimensional dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been developed and evaluated by comparison to experimental data. A single PEMFC cell is discretized into 245 control volumes in three dimensions to resolves local voltage response, current generation, species mole fractions, temperature, and membrane hydration spatially in the PEMFC. The model can further simulate transients in electrical load, inlet flow conditions, ambient conditions, and/or other parameters to provide insight into the local dynamic performance of a PEMFC. The quasi three-dimensional model has been validated against an experimental single cell. To compare the model, polarization constants were tuned to match one experimental operating point of the fuel cell. With this tuning, the model is shown to predict well the voltage current (V-I) behavior for the full range of cell operating current. Further, model comparison to an instantaneous increase in current indicates that the model can predict the transient electrochemical response of the PEMFC. This suggests such a model can be utilized for PEMFC system development, transient analysis of a PEMFC in general, as well as transient control design.
Trends in unsuitability for blood donation in the Brazilian Amazon

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Sociodemographic and behavioral factors are usually associated with the unsuitability to donate blood. Understanding the reasons behind the exclusion of blood bags is crucial for reducing donor deferral rates. This study aimed to characterize the profile of unsuitable donors in the Blood Center of the northern Brazilian state of Amazonas. Methods This is a retrospective study, based on documentary analysis of electronic medical records obtained in the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of the state of Amazonas. This study included all individuals with complete medical records ( n = 87,463) who tried to donate blood between 2017 and 2019. Results The overall rate of donor unsuitability was 19.12% ( n = 16,627) and the main reason was poor nutritional status (15.17%), followed by chronic health problems (11.40%), risky sexual behavior (9.5%) and exposure to risk (8.83%). High blood pressure figured as the leading cause of unsuitability among chronic health conditions (85.19%), while having sex with multiple partners (92.63%) was the main sexual risk behavior. The risk of exposure to malaria was responsible for 99.45% of unsuitability among those who were unsuitable due to exposure to risk factors. Deferral rates were associated with increasing age and replacement donation, which was the predominant type of donation. Women had the highest rates of unsuitability, mainly during the first donation (37.04%). Discussion This study provides the first known profile of blood donor unsuitability in the Brazilian Amazon and raises awareness of the region-specific needs that must be met to reduce blood donor unsuitability.