jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modelling the seismic amplitude response to internal heterogeneity of mass-transport deposits

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mass-transport deposits often show a low-amplitude, &#8220;acoustically transparent&#8221; seismic response compared to unfailed sediments. This amplitude signature is often interpreted as a lack of coherent internal reflectivity caused by a loss of internal structure during transport and emplacement, and is widely used to delineate mass-transport deposits in sub-bottom profiler data. An apparent contradiction is that cores penetrating such &#8220;acoustically transparent&#8221; deposits can sometimes retrieve well-stratified sediments that show little evidence of deformation.In this study we examine the variation in the single-channel seismic amplitude response with changing heterogeneity using synthetic seismic modelling. We model the internal structure of mass-transport deposits as a two-component binarised random medium, where the lateral correlation length is used to artificially control the degree of internal deformation/scale of internal structure, while maintaining the magnitude of the internal reflectivity constant. We construct two synthetic models: i) a simplified single-source marine example and ii) a multi-source example based on a real world &#8220;acoustically transparent&#8221; mass-transport deposit imaged by a dense network of AUV sub-bottom profiles in the Black Sea. We use 2-D elastic finite-difference modelling to model the seismic response (at sub-bottom profiler bandwidths) of an ensemble of both synthetic models with varying geostatistical parameters and random seeds for the mass-transport deposit zones. For the single-source synthetic model a reduction in observed amplitude with reduced lateral scale length is consistently observed across a range of vertical correlation lengths. For the real world Black Sea example, with realistic elastic and geostatistical parameters based on cone-penetration tests and physical property measurements from sediment cores, we find that when the lateral scale length of the random medium is around 1 m, recorded seismic amplitudes are, on average, reduced by &#8764;15% relative to unfailed sediments.We conclude that relatively small amounts of deformation at scales larger than the dominant seismic wavelength are, in general, able to a generate significant decrease in seismic amplitude, without requiring a reduction in the average reflectivity. Our synthetic modelling results should discourage interpretation of the internal structure of mass-transport deposits based on seismic amplitudes alone as &#8220;acoustically transparent&#8221; mass-transport deposits may still preserve coherent, metre-scale internal structure. In addition, the minimum scale of heterogeneity required to produce a reduction in seismic amplitudes is likely much larger than the diameter of sediment cores, meaning that such mass-transport deposits may still appear well-stratified and undeformed when cored.
Combining the Distribution of Relaxation Times from EIS and Time-Domain Data for Parameterizing Equivalent Circuit Models of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Equivalent circuit models (ECMs) are a widely used modeling approach for lithium-ion batteries in engineering applications. The RC elements, which display the dynamic loss processes of the cell, are usually parameterized by fitting the ECM to experimental data in either the time-domain or the frequency-domain. However, both types of data have limitations with regard to the observable time constants of electrochemical processes. This work proposes a method to combine time-domain and frequency-domain measurement data for parameterization of RC elements by exploiting the full potential of the distribution of relaxation times (DRT). Instead of using only partial information from the DRT to supplement a conventional fitting algorithm, we determine the parameters of an arbitrary number of RC elements directly from the DRT. The difficulties of automated deconvolution of the DRT, including regularization and the choice of an optimal regularization factor, is tackled by using the L-curve criterion for optimized calculation of the DRT via Tikhonov regularization. Three different approaches to merge time- and frequency-domain data are presented, including a novel approach where the DRT is simultaneously calculated from electrochemical impedance spectoscropy (EIS) and pulse relaxation measurements. The parameterized model for a commercial 18650 NCA cell was validated during a validation cycle consisting of constant current and real-world automotive cycling and yields a relative improvement of over 40% compared to a conventional EIS-fitting algorithm.
An In Vitro Study of the Reproducibility of the Drilling Access of Digitalized Surgical Guides Generated via Three Different Implant Planning Software Programs

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Several implant planning software programs are widely use in implant treatments, but there has been no evidence of how different software programs affect the accuracy of static surgical guides used for implant placement. Thus, in this in vitro study, we aimed to compare the accuracy of static surgical guides that were prefabricated from three different software programs, including Implant Studio (Program A) (3Shape®, Copenhagen, Denmark), coDiagnostiX® (Program B) (Straumann®, Basal, Switzerland), and Blue Sky Plan (Program C) (Blue Sky Bio®, LLC, Libertyville, IL, USA). A total of 90 drillable polyurethane models were used as samples in this in vitro study; 30 study models were used to plan the same implant positions and design the surgical guides by each software program (n = 30) and then 90 implants were placed in the models using the surgical guides. The outcomes of the surgical guide accuracy were autonomically measured by the evaluation tool in the coDiagnostiX® (Straumann®, Basal, Switzerland) software program. The deviations between the planned and placed implants were automatically evaluated as three-dimensional and angular deviations. The mean three-dimensional implant position deviations from the implant platform of Program A, Program B, and Program C were 0.55 ± 0.25 mm, 0.52 ± 0.31 mm, and 0.56 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The mean three-dimensional implant position deviations from the implant apex of Program A, Program B, and Program C were 0.72 ± 0.37 mm, 0.73 ± 0.4 mm, and 0.9 ± 0.46 mm, respectively. The mean depth deviations of Program A, Program B, and Program C were 0.19 ± 0.13 mm, 0.31 ± 0.32 mm, and 0.31 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The mean angulation deviations of Program A, Program B, and Program C were 1.72 ± 0.88 degrees, 2.05 ± 1.24 degrees, and 2.74 ± 1.81 degrees, respectively. The results indicated that there were no significant differences among the three-dimensional positions at the implant platform, the three-dimensional positions at the implant apex, and the depth deviations between all three groups. However, it was found that there was a significant difference in the angular deviation of the implant position between the three groups (p = 0.02). The mean angular deviation of Program C was significantly greater than the Program A group (p = 0.001). In terms of the deviation directions of the implant platform and implant apex for the three groups, most of the deviations of a larger magnitude were toward the mesio-buccal direction. No matter which program was used to plan the implant position, deviations between the placed implant position and the planned position still occurred. Therefore, when planning implant positions with any implant planning software program, one must take into account an implant position deviation.
Advancing the Transposition Distance and Diameter through Lonely Permutations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Sorting by transpositions is a challenging classic problem proposed in genome rearrangement and recently settled as NP-hard. Although the proven hard to sort $3$-permutations are close to the identity, the historical approach has been to study distant permutations, possible candidates to be diametral. The transposition diameter is a related challenging problem, known only for $n \leq 15$. We advance the study of both transposition distance and diameter by considering lonely permutations and the union operation. We present tighter bounds for the distance of lonely $3$-permutations, $u_{n,n-1}$, $u_{n,\frac{n}{2}}$, $u_{n,3}$, and $u_{n,4}$. We set the current lower bound for the transposition diameter back to $\big\lfloor\frac{n+1}{2}\big\rfloor+1$ and propose an alternative union of lonely permutations contributing to the approach used so far in the literature.
Improving imbalanced scientific text classification using sampling strategies and dictionaries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many real applications have the imbalanced class distribution problem, where one of the classes is represented by a very small number of cases compared to the other classes. One of the systems affected are those related to the recovery and classification of scientific documentation. Sampling strategies such as Oversampling and Subsampling are popular in tackling the problem of class imbalance. In this work, we study their effects on three types of classifiers (Knn, SVM and Naive-Bayes) when they are applied to search on the PubMed scientific database. Another purpose of this paper is to study the use of dictionaries in the classification of biomedical texts. Experiments are conducted with three different dictionaries (BioCreative, NLPBA, and an ad-hoc subset of the UniProt database named Protein) using the mentioned classifiers and sampling strategies. Best results were obtained with NLPBA and Protein dictionaries and the SVM classifier using the Subsampling balancing technique. These results were compared with those obtained by other authors using the TREC Genomics 2005 public corpus.
1482. Local validation of the drug resistance in pneumonia clinical prediction score at a large academic medical center and a community hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is responsible for ~1 million emergency department (ED) visits yearly and the leading cause of infection-related deaths. Given that increasing antibiotic resistance rates complicate appropriate empiric antibiotic selection, clinicians may benefit from tools to help identify patients at risk for drug-resistant pathogens (DRPs). Limitations of traditional tools, such as healthcare-associated pneumonia criteria (HCAP), have led to development of novel scoring tools such as the drug resistance in pneumonia (DRIP) score. Webb et al. showed the DRIP score was more predictive of CAP caused by DRPs than HCAP criteria. The objective of this study was to validate the DRIP score in a local population of hospitalized patients at an academic and a community medical center. Methods Patients who presented to the ED between May 2017 and May 2019 were included in this retrospective review. Patients were included if they were ≥ 18 years diagnosed with CAP by radiographic evidence with respiratory culture positivity and susceptibility results. Exclusion criteria were: presence of non-bacterial non-respiratory pathogens, patients with cystic fibrosis, lung transplant or systemic co-infections. The primary outcome was validation of the DRIP score by comparing the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV/PPV) to the derivation and validation study by Webb et al. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of CAP cases with DRPs and the predictability of DRP using the DRIP score versus HCAP criteria. Results A total of 164 patients were included; 60.4% were male with a median age of 70 years. The primary outcome shown in Table 1 demonstrated similar sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of the DRIP score to those in the study by Webb et al. Staphylococcus aureus (32.9%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (27.4%) were the most commonly isolated pathogens and CAP due to DRPs occurred in 30.5% of patients. The DRIP score also demonstrated improved performance in predicting DRPs in CAP compared to the HCAP Criteria as shown in Table 2. Table 1. DRIP Score Validation Table 2. Predictability of the DRIP score vs. HCAP criteria Conclusion Our results further validate the DRIP score derived by Webb et al. in predicting DRPs in CAP. These results encourage a local prospective evaluation of the DRIP score as an antimicrobial stewardship tool. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Competition during exponential growth at various temperatures, with no mutations.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The model system was seeded with environments, at simulation temperatures of 0.10, 0.30, 0.40, or 0.60, containing 100 organisms, 50 each with forward and reverse polymerases, with a 5.5 average polymerase rate. <b>A</b>. Population size of model organisms as a function of simulation time. <b>B</b>. Evolution of the average polymerase rate for the organisms in each environment as a function of simulation time. In each case, solid lines are used to indicate environments with forward polymerizing organisms and dashed lines are for reverse polymerizing organisms. For every simulation mutations were disallowed. Different temperatures are indicated with different data markers as indicated in the figure legend, and are expressed in units of .</p>
Approach to the Uroabdomen

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Uroabdomen, or leakage of urine into the abdomen, results from rupture of the urinary tract with accumulation of urine in the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity, or both. Patients with a uroabdomen may not show clinical signs immediately after injury. The initial evaluation should include a full physical examination. The body surface should be carefully examined for bruising and wounds. Concurrent metabolic abnormalities develop within hours of urinary tract rupture, many of which are life threatening if left untreated. Metabolic acidosis is the most common abnormality and is typically corrected with intravenous fluid administration and establishment of urinary drainage. Hyperkalemia is one of the most serious, life-threatening complications associated with urinary tract rupture. A diagnosis of uroabdomen is definitively made upon detection of peritoneal effusion followed by verification that the fluid contains urine. Without surgical treatment or urinary diversion, mortality rate following experimentally induced uroabdomen is reported to be 78% within four days of injury.
Toxicity of a Series of Dimethoate Analogues to Resistant and Susceptible House Flies12

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The topical LD30 values of 34 analogues of dimethoate were determined using dimethoate-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) strains of Musca domestica L. Dimethoate and dimethoxon were the most toxic to R and S strains of house flies. Resistance was demonstrated in the R strain to all the compounds tested. In no case was resistance circumvented by using the various analogues. Studies with,N-alkyl and N, N-dialkyl analogues of dimethoate demonstrated that and amidase was not involved in the resistance mechanism. Resistance generally was higher to the phosphates than to their phosphorothionate counterparts, indicating that the resistance mechanism probably was associated with the degradation of the phosphate analogues.
Optimization of Renewable Energy-Based Autonomous Device Operation Using Simulation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

\nOff-grid devices, such as autonomous lamps, are finding numerous applications in locations with no power grid availability. These devices rely on built-in generators, usually small PV panels or wind turbines, and batteries which allow the energy to be stored and utilized at appropriate time. Dedicated power device simulators are used to establish possible operation paths given uncertain parameters with regard to power generation, storage and consumption. The obtained data series are integrated into a graph search space which can be processed using various planning algorithms. An example of such scenario is given, along with example data obtained during preliminary research.\n
Insights into effect of the Asp25/Asp25ʹ protonation states on binding of inhibitors Amprenavir and MKP97 to HIV-1 protease using molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA calculations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The protonation states of two aspartic acids in the catalytic strands of HIV-1 protease (PR) remarkably affect bindings of inhibitors to PR. It is requisite for the design of potent inhibitors towards PR to investigate the influences of Asp25/Asp25ʹ protonated states on dynamics behaviour of PR and binding mechanism of inhibitors to PR. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, MM-GBSA method and principal component (PC) analysis were coupled to explore the effect of Asp25/Asp25′ protonation states on conformational changes of PR and bindings of Amprenavir and MKP97 to PR. The results show that the Asp25/Asp25′ protonation states exert different impacts on structural fluctuations, flexibility and motion modes of PR. Dynamics analysis verifies that Asp25/Asp25ʹ protonated states highly affect conformational dynamics of two flaps in PR. The binding free energy calculations results suggest that the Asp25/Asp25ʹ protonated states obviously strengthen bindings of inhibitors to PR compared to the non-protonation state. Calculations of residue-based free energy decomposition indicate that the Asp25/Asp25ʹ protonation not only disturbs the interaction network of inhibitors with PR but also stabilizes bindings of inhibitors to PR by cancelling the electrostatic repulsive interaction. Therefore, special attentions should be paid to the Asp25/Asp25ʹ protonation in the design of potent inhibitors towards PR.
Study of the intermediate structure in nuclear reactions induced by low energy deuterons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Angular distributions and excitation functions of (d, d), (d, p), and (d, ..cap alpha..) reactions have been measured for /sup 12/C, /sup 24/Mg, /sup 28/Si, /sup 19/F, and /sup 27/Al targets at low incident energies. From the analysis of these results and those published in the literature, some evidence of the intermediate structure in the nuclear reactions is found. For the even-even /sup 12/C, /sup 24/Mg, and /sup 28/Si targets, there are significant contributions of the intermediate structure to the nuclear reactions in this low-energy region. As for the odd-even /sup 19/F and /sup 27/Al targets, the contributions of the intermediate structure to the nuclear reactions are much weaker. These phenomena are discussed in detail.
Experimental transmission to a calf of an isolate of Spanish classical scrapie

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Multiple theories exist regarding the origin of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). An early and prominent theory proposed that BSE was the result of the adaptation of sheep scrapie to cattle. The reports to date indicate that the distribution of the pathological prion protein (PrPSc) in experimental bovine scrapie is largely restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we describe pathological findings in a calf intracerebrally inoculated with a Spanish classical scrapie isolate. While clinical disease was observed 30 months after inoculation and PrPSc was detected in the CNS, the corresponding phenotype differed from that of BSE. Immunohistochemistry and PMCA also revealed the presence of PrPSc in the peripheral nerves, lymphoid tissues, skeletal muscle and gastrointestinal tract, suggesting centrifugal spread of the scrapie agent from the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the detection of PrPSc in tissues other than the CNS after experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle.
The Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Needle Approaches for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Theoretical Cadaveric Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is a musculoskeletal pain condition capable of impairing physical or sport activities. Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of percutaneous electrolysis (PE) in reducing pain and related disability in patients with patellar tendinopathy. Objective: This study proposes a theoretical model for the application of a percutaneous electrolysis approach targeting the deep zone of the proximal and distal parts of the patellar tendon in both human (ultrasound-guided) and fresh cadaver (not ultrasound-guided) models. Methods: A filiform solid needle was inserted from the lateral side of the patellar tendon targeting two areas: 1, the deep proximal interface of the Hoffa’s fat pad; and 2, the distal insertion of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity in 10 fresh cadavers and in 10 healthy individuals. The patellar tendon, the saphenous nerve, and the infrapatellar nerve and its branches were identified by dissecting fresh cadavers to determine the anatomical trajectory of the infrapatellar nerve branches in relation to the needle. Results: The cadaveric model shows an anatomical relationship between the patellar tendon and infrapatellar nerve branches at the medial part of the knee. Infrapatellar nerve branches ran subcutaneously obliquely from the medial to the anterior and lateral parts of the knee, crossing in front of the patellar tendon. In all cadavers, the superior and inferior infrapatellar branches ran through the superior or inferior parts of the medial knee area. Only in 2/10 knees infrapatellar nerve branches reached the lateral part of the knee, specifically the superior lateral part. No neurovascular bundle of infrapatellar nerve branches was pierced in any insertion when the needle was inserted from the lateral part of the knee. Conclusion: This anatomical model supports the use of a lateral approach as a potentially safe approach to apply in needling interventions, e.g., percutaneous electrolysis for patellar tendinopathies. The infrapatellar nerve branches are vulnerable to needle procedures applied through the anteromedial side of the knee.
Os Uzbekos não têm ilusões: arte, crítica e mercado na situação atual

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The recent art system is founded on an overlap without mediation between a curatorial practice based on the methods of cultural studies and a market appreciation according to the principles of the luxury industry. Art criticism, a traditional mediator between production and institution or market, has lost much of its strength with the end of a teleological and Universalist conception of art.
The yeast formin Bnr1p has two localization regions that show spatially and temporally distinct association with septin structures. Mol Biol Cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Formins are conserved eukaryotic proteins that direct the nucleation and elongation of unbranched actin filaments. The yeast formins, Bni1p and Bnr1p, assemble actin cables from the bud cortex and bud neck, respectively, to guide overall cell polarity. Here we examine the regions of Bnr1p responsible for bud neck localization. We define two non-overlapping regions, Bnr1p-L1 (1-466) and Bnr1p-L2 (466-733), that can each localize to the bud neck independently of endogenous Bnr1p. Bnr1p-L1 and Bnr1p-L2 localize with septins at the bud neck, but show slightly differently spatial and temporal localization, reflecting the localization (Bnr1p-L1) or cell cycle timing (Bnr1p-L2) of full-length Bnr1p. Bnr1p is known to be very stably localized at the bud neck, and both Bnr1p-L1 and Bnr1p-L2 also show relatively stable localization there. Overexpression of Bnr1p-L1, but not Bnr1p-L2, disrupts septin organization at the bud neck. Thus Bnr1p has two separable regions that each contribute to its bud neck localization.