jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive Response to Acute Stress Is Attenuated in Interleukin-6 Knockout Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, contributes to the hypertensive response to acute psychosocial stress, caused by switching male mice to a cage previously occupied by a different male mouse. Male C57BL6 (WT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockout (KO) mice were implanted with biotelemetry devices to monitor mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and motor activity in the unrestrained state. Baseline mean arterial pressure was 98±1 and 103±1 for WT and IL-6 KO mice. Cage switch increased mean arterial pressure by 42±2 mm Hg in WT mice, but this was blunted significantly in KO mice (31±3 mm Hg peak increase). Area under the curve for the first 90 minutes also was significantly less. Heart rate and motor activity increased similarly, and there also were no differences in the increases in plasma renin activity or plasma norepinephrine concentration between WT and KO mice. Thus, the acute hypertensive response to psychosocial stress depends significantly on IL-6, and the effect appears to be specific for blood pressure rather than to a global impairment in the response to stress. However, because perfusion of the isolated mesenteric bed with phenylephrine and chronic infusion of angiotensin II caused similar responses in WT and IL-6 KO mice, it is clear that future studies are needed to determine to what extent the acute blood pressure effect of IL-6 is stress-specific.
The Molecular Alterations Regarding Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells at a Glance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ranking one of the most critical worldwide health troubles relating to mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been a grievous scourge of humanity for a long time.Despite that plentiful attempts have been made, it still remains being a great challenge for us to conquer this disease.Multiple molecular alterations can be frequently detected in the pathogenesis and development of HCC, such as members of Ras family, Bcl-2 family and tumor suppressors.Importantly, most of these alterations are responsible for disrupting the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which has been generally voted as a key event closely associated with carcinogenesis.Hence, this review aims to update the current related articles and provide a further understanding about such molecular changes relevant to trigger imbalances in the regulation of apoptosis in HCC.
Disulfide bondformation intheeyelens (Ramanscattering/human lens/rodent lens/near-UV effects)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thedisposition anddisposal ofthe-SH groups ofthelens during aging andcataractogenesis havebeen investigated bylaser Ramanspectroscopy asanoninvasive microprobe intheintact living lens. Inthis procedure -SHand -S-S- giveunique discrete Ramansignals (at2580and508 cm'1) that maybeusedtocalculate relative concentrations in averysmall volume ofthelens. Wepresent evidence showing anunexpected andremarkable difference withrespect tothese groups between themouselens andthelenses ofguinea pigand man.Themouselens nucleus exhibits aprecipitous fall inthe -SHconcentration onaging from1to6months; concomitantly, there isarise in-S-S- ofcomparable magnitude, indicating a direct conversion. Theguinea piglens, however, isquite different withrespect totheage-dependent change innuclear -S-S-: there isnonebetween 6monthsand5years. Inthe humanlens -S-S- behaves exactly asintheguinea piglens: the level islowanddoesnotchange withagebetween 9and65 years. Withrespect tonuclear .SH, these twolatter species of lenses showsomedecrease withagebutnothing likethe approach tozerofound intheaging mouselens nucleus. These differences involving lenticular -SHand-S-S- appear tobe correlated withthehardnucleus inthemouselens andthe softer nuclei oflenses inguinea pigs andhumans. Therelatively highlevel of-S-S- intheoldbutclear mouselensdoesnot support theidea that protein aggregation involving formation ofintermolecular -S-S- bonds isnecessarily animportant cause ofnuclear cataract. Thesmall butsignificant age-related depression of-SHinguinea piglensnuclei without any accumulation of-S-S- maybeexplained asa result of glutathione (GSH)oxidation andsubsequent extrusion of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) bythelens. Wepropose that the oxidation ofglutathione proceeds byreaction withprotein disufide groups toyield protein sulfhydryl (PSH) andamixed disulfide ofglutathione andprotein; themixeddisuifide is capable ofbeingreduced byglutathione reductase and NADPH,yielding theoriginal PSHandGSSG,whichis extruded fromthelens. Itremains tobedetermined ifthis mechanism ismoreactive inguinea pigandhumanlenses than inthemouselens. Theocular lens hastwoimportant properties, unusual ina living biological system, whichmakeitanideal object for study bylaser Ramanspectroscopy. First, itisnormally completely transparent tovisible light andits organization is such astoallow Ramanmeasurements inanypart ofthelens. Second, itisextremely rich inprotein (about 35%) sothat the concentrations ofcertain important constituents (e.g., aro- matic residues, sulfhydryl, anddisulfide) arehigh enough to givereadily measurable Ramansignals (1). Fortuitously, these constituents arethose that havebeenimplicated inthe formation ofcataracts, theall-important pathological change whichafflicts thelens (2,3). Because itisnoninvasive, the Ramanlaser beamcanbeemployed toprobe theintact lens .1 C') ._ C w
Non-diagnostic coronary artery calcification and stenosis: a correlation of coronary computed tomography angiography and invasive coronary angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Heavy coronary artery calcification (CAC) impairs diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA) and is considered to be a major limitation. Purpose To investigate the effect of non-evaluable CAC seen on cCTA on clinical decision-making by determining the degree of subsequent invasive testing and to assess the relationship between non-evaluable segments containing CAC and significant stenosis as seen in invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Material and Methods The study comprised of 356 patients who underwent cCTA and subsequent ICA within 2 months between 2005 and 2009. Clinical reports were reviewed to identify the indications for referral to ICA. In a subset of 68 patients where non-diagnostic CAC on cCTA and significant stenosis on ICA were present in the same segment, we correlated and analyzed the underlying stenosis severity of the lesion on ICA to the cCTA. Lesions with CAC were analyzed in a standardized fashion by application of reading rules. Results Non-diagnostic CAC on cCTA prompted ICA in 5.6% of patients. CAC occurred at the site of maximum stenosis in segments with stenosis <50% (95.9% [47/49]), 50–69% (82.4% [28/34]), 70–99% (64.5% [31/48]), and 100% (33.3% [1/3]). At the point of maximum calcium deposit, non-obstructive disease was present in 61.2%. Application of reading rules resulted in a 44% reduction in non-diagnostic cCTA reads. Conclusion Severe CAC may prompt further investigation with ICA. There is less CAC with increasing lesion severity at the point of maximum stenosis. Additional application of reading rules improved non-diagnostic cCTA reads.
Fire dragon cupping in treating a parturient woman with gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section: A case report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rationale: The postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section is commonly presented as uncomfortable symptoms such as abdominal pain and distension. As a novel traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy, the fire dragon cupping can effectively enhance intestinal peristalsis and improve the gastrointestinal discomforts by using the manipulation and moxibustion heat to stimulate acupuncture points. The purpose of this report is to provide a new approach and new ideas for rapid rehabilitation of gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section. Patient concerns: A parturient woman, 39 years old, pregnancy 4, delivery 2, underwent lower uterine segment cesarean section under intrathecal anesthesia due to scarred uterus. On the 3rd day after cesarean section, the anus still did not exhaust and defecate, so this parturient woman complained of obvious abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnoses: The measured abdominal circumference was 96 cm, and the bowel sounds weakened on auscultation; the plain abdominal radiograph indicated a small amount of pneumomediastinum, thus the incomplete intestinal obstruction was considered. Interventions: The parturient woman was treated with fire dragon cupping treatment in her back and abdomen once a day, each time about 30 to 40 minutes, 3 consecutive days of treatment. Outcomes: On the 4th day after cesarean section, the parturient woman naturally had anal exhaust and defecated watery stools twice, without complaint of abdominal pain distension. Lessons: Under the guidance of the concept of rapid rehabilitation nursing in obstetrics, according to the principle of making gradual and orderly progress, risk management of gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section is carried out in the early stage, the fire dragon cupping and individualized rehabilitation scheme are implemented, and the parturient women with gastrointestinal dysfunction after cesarean section are actively treated.
Properties of Arginase from the Hepatopancreas of Giant Freshwater Prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>, de Man).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We describe the hepatopancreas arginase activity of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). The enzyme was isolated using reactive blue 2- agarose affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The enzyme had a specific activity of 5.70 μmol/min/mg of protein. The enzyme exhibited a maximal activity at pH 8.5 and Km of 12.5 mM. The enzyme was capable of hydrolysing L-arginine and to a lesser extent, L-arginine monohydrochlorate and L-arginine monohydrate. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was 35 0C. The molecular weight as determined by gel filtration was approximately 160,000 dalton and SDS-PAGE, was 22,000 dalton. The different amino acids (L-lysine, L-cysteine, Lvaline, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid and L-serine) and metal ions (Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+) did not show any inhibition on the enzyme activity. The enzyme was activated with Mn2+ and different concentration of Mn2+ had no effect on the enzyme activity. EDTA, citrate and urea showed considerable inhibition on the enzyme activity.Key words: Freshwater prawn; arginase; uricotelism; invertebrates; hepatopancreas
Effects of Low Temperature, Nitrogen Starvation and Their Combination on the Photosynthesis and Metabolites of Thermosynechococcus E542: A Comparison Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Both low temperature and nitrogen starvation caused chlorosis of cyanobacteria. Here, in this study, for the first time, we compared the effects of low temperature, nitrogen starvation, and their combination on the photosynthesis and metabolites of a thermophilic cyanobacterium strain, Thermosynechococcus E542. Under various culture conditions, the growth rates, pigment contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored, and the composition of alkanes, lipidomes, and carbohydrates were determined. It was found that low temperature (35 °C) significantly suppressed the growth of Thermosynechococcus E542. Nitrogen starvation at 45 °C and 55 °C did not affect the growth; however, combined treatment of low temperature and nitrogen starvation led to the lowest growth rate and biomass productivity. Both low temperature and nitrogen starvation caused significantly declined contents of pigments, but they resulted in a different effect on the OJIP curves, and their combination led to the lowest pigment contents. The composition of fatty acids and alkanes was altered upon low-temperature cultivation, while nitrogen starvation caused reduced contents of all lipids. The low temperature did not affect carbohydrate contents, while nitrogen starvation greatly enhanced carbohydrate content, and their combination did not enhance carbohydrate content, but led to reduced productivity. These results revealed the influence of low temperature, nitrogen starvation, and their combined treatment for the accumulation of phycobiliproteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of a thermophilic cyanobacterium strain, Thermosynechococcus E542.
An Analysis of the Control-Algorithm Re-solving Issue in Inventory and Revenue Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

While inventory- and revenue-management problems can be represented as Markov decision process (MDP) models, in some cases the well-known dynamic-programming curse of dimensionality makes it computationally prohibitive to solve them exactly. An alternative solution, called here the control-algorithm approach, is to use a math program (MP) to approximately represent the MDP and use its optimal solution to heuristically instantiate the parameters of the decision rules of a given set of control policies. As new information is observed over time, the control algorithm can incorporate it by re-solving the MP and revising the parameters of the decision rules with the newly obtained solution. The re-solving issue arises when one reflects on the consequences of this revision: Does the performance of the control algorithm really improve by revising its decision-rule instantiation with the solution of the re-solved MP, or should an appropriate modification of the prior solution be used? This paper analyzes the control-algorithm re-solving issue for a class of finite-horizon inventory- and revenue-management problems. It establishes sufficient conditions under which re-solving does not deteriorate the performance of a control algorithm, and it applies these results to control algorithms for network revenue management and multiproduct make-to-order production with lost sales and positive lead time.
Study of some Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribals of Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alirajpur is one of the tribal district of Madhya Pradesh and plants are being used as medicine and pharmaceuticals by large numbers of tribal, rural and urban people. Several tribal communities like Bhil, Bhilala and Barela inhibit in the area. An Ethno botanical surveys had been carried out in the Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh from 2009-2010. The investigation deals about15 plant species which is used by tribals of this area. A record of 15 medicinal plant species which is belong to 12 Family and 14 Genera used by tribals to cure various ailments among human beings are given. Ethno medicinal information was gathering through interview to Barwah and Rajaliya for curing of diseases. The present paper deals with the ethno botanical study of Alirajpur region for the preparation of an inventory. Details of medicinal plants are described alphabetically, Botanical names followed by family, local names, plants part used, and the ethno medicinal uses have been provided. Keyword : Alirajpur, Barwahs, ethno medicinal plants, traditional healers.
The impact of social media on human interaction in an organisation based on real-time social media data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The growth of online social networks around the world has created a new place of interaction and communication among people. Individuals can share their knowledge, opinions, and experiences with one another through the features provided where it gives an impact on people's behaviour in terms of interaction, communication and decision making. Twitter is one of the examples of social media provider that empowers users to send and read short messages called 'tweets'. By trying to connect to the outside world, the user would probably disconnect with people around them and this will also affect the human interaction in an organisation. This research offers possible insights for the organisation to identify the pitfalls and opportunity that lies in the new digital human interaction era. This research will attempt to discuss these issues drawing from social media interaction on physical/digital interactions based on data science approach.
PERCEIVED QUALITY OF TRANSITIONAL CARE BETWEEN PUBLIC HOSPITAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH CARE CLINIC IN NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA: A PILOT STUDY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quality of transitional care affects healthcare spending and service use. Poor transitional care is associated with adverse effects such as medication error and risk of unnecessary readmission. The objective of this study is to evaluate patients’ perception of quality of transitional care from a public tertiary hospital to a public health clinic in Negeri Sembilan. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 307 respondents from the public health clinic following discharge from the hospital from July to September 2018.Patient’s perception of quality of transitional care was measured using the Care Transitional Measure (CTM 15®) questionnaire. The response rate for this study was 90.6%. The mean CTM-15® score was 73.1 (±13.03) out of a scale of 1 to 100. The mean scores for the various domains were: Critical understanding was 73.3 (±14.33), Preferences important was 71.9 (±14.99), Management preparation was 74.0 (±14.53), and Care plan 73.3 (±14.75). Multiple linear regression showed that age was a significant independent predictor for the CTM-15® scores where elderly patients had poorer scores than young adults (adjusted R2=0.104, p<0.001). In conclusion, the perceived quality of transitional care between the public general hospital and health clinic was good but decreased with patient’s age. This could be due to complexity of the patient’s problems upon discharge.
Experimental Complete Transection Spinal Cord and Its Bioengineering Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The work represents the original research devoted to cellular and issue reconstruction of a spinal cord injury in adult rats with an experimental vertebral-spinal trauma. After performing a laminectomy, partial and full mechanical intersection of the spinal cord at the IX thoracic vertebrae in the spinal implanted medical devices containing bovine collagen and crab chitosan, sulfated and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans, full nutrient medium, conditioned nutrient medium with neurotrophic factors in the growth of brain cells mouse embryos and embryonic mouse stem cells, N2 neuronal additive, retinoic acid. The dynamics neurologic status in animals has shown essential reduction of deficiency on BBB scale during 20 weeks of the postoperative period. The indirect immune-fluorescence method of a spinal cord cells and histological sections confirms presence of active introduction of cells of a parent spinal cord into implant, high viability of the replaced cells of the mouse during all period of supervision, formation in 1 week after operation of progenitor neuronal cells with expression of neurotransmitters. This change is accompanied by a partial recovery of motor, sensory and vegetative functions of the spinal cord, reduction in the level of neuro-deficit of 5, 6 points on a scale of BBB. Transplantation of collagen-chitosan matrix containing 100 thousand cells, neuronal precursors leads for 20 weeks of observation to preserve their viability, formation of numerous neurons, creating intra-synaptic correlation associated to early expression of neurotransmitters, significant restoration of motor and sensory functions of the spinal cord, reaching a level of reduction neuro-deficit equal to 19.5 points on a scale of BBB.
Effect of Local Versus General Anesthesia in Breast-Conserving Surgery on Cancer Recurrence and Cost

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The association between the type of anesthesia used and the recurrence of cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the effects of local vs general anesthesia on recurrence-free survival and cost after breast-conserving surgery. Materials and Methods We reviewed the data of 2778 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation at our center between 1999 and 2014. We analyzed the data of 994 patients with hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative tumors who underwent breast-conserving surgery without axillary lymph node dissection under local or general anesthesia. Patients were grouped according to whether local or general anesthesia was used for the surgery. Results Of the 994 patients enrolled in this study, 367 received local anesthesia and 627 patients received general anesthesia. The median follow-up duration for all patients was 93 months. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves did not reveal significant differences between the recurrence-free survival of the two groups, with 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of 96.3% (95% CI, 94.3–98.3%) in the local anesthesia group and 97.3% (95% CI, 95.9–98.7%) in the general anesthesia group. The total cost of hospitalization in the local anesthesia group was significantly lower than that in the general anesthesia group ( P <.001). The difference in the cost between the two groups remained significant, irrespective of the type of hospitalization, after excluding 165 patients receiving chemotherapy during their hospitalization. Conclusions Our analysis indicated no association between the type of anesthesia used during breast-conserving surgery and the long-term prognosis of breast cancer. However, breast-conserving surgery under local anesthesia may be a less expensive option than that under general anesthesia.
Urban Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: pathology in white mice of isolates from Panstrongylus geniculatus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The histopathological alterations produced in white mice (NMRI strain) by isolates of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi from Panstrongylus geniculatus captured in dwellings of the city of Caracas, Venezuela are reported. The heart, skeletal muscle, liver, spleen, duodenum, colon, lung, and brain were parasitized by all the isolates. All showed strong myotropism, with elevated virulence and severe histopathological alterations in the cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in the smooth muscle of the duodenum, colon, and lung; parasitization of the mononuclear phagocytic system was discrete. These results, in addition to the morphobiological characters reported in a previous paper, suggest that the isolates in question belong to the same type of parasite. The possible causes of this observation are discussed in the light of the heterogeneity of T. cruzi. The epidemiological significance of the existence of these parasite forms in the urban areas of Caracas is emphasized.
Behaviourally Disordered Children: Current Issues and Future Direction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Children and young persons with severe behavioural disorders are attracting an increasing amount of political attention and publicity due to the disruption which many of them cause in community and educational settings. In this paper the authors examine definitions of behavioural disorders and summarize recent literature in the area. Other issues raised relate to prevalence data, and the apparent growth of the problem of disruption, the stability of behavioural disorders across time into adolescence and adulthood, and the increase in stress in teachers attributable to the presence of children with behavioural disorders in schools. Management approaches are described which hold promise of alleviating the problem for pupils, teachers and the wider community.