jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Barriers to Coastal Wetland Ecosystem Rehabilitation: Strategies for the Great Lakes.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Great Lakes coastal wetlands provide many important ecological functions and values, but most of these highly productive systems have been degraded or destroyed by anthropogenic stressors. The multidimensional nature of wetland degradation presents challenges for habitat rehabilitation, but rehabilitation efforts designed to mimic natural processes could yield positive results. In this dissertation, I explored two hydrology-related habitat rehabilitation strategies (i.e., short-term management-induced dewatering to mimic cyclic low water levels and reducing hydrologic isolation typically associated with diked wetland units) applied to the riverine and diked wetlands at Crane Creek, a small western Lake Erie tributary. \nInitially, I studied the effectiveness of using portable, water-filled cofferdams as a management tool to promote the natural growth of emergent vegetation from the seed bank. A short dewatering stimulated a rapid seed-bank-driven response by 45 plant taxa, but submersed aquatic species reestablished after subsequent flooding. Although long- \nterm habitat rehabilitation using this technology may be difficult, it could be an important tool for resource managers.\n \nFishes, plants, and water quality in the wetland complex were sampled to describe spatial and seasonal patterns of fish assemblages and explore habitat rehabilitation through hydrologic reconnection of diked wetlands and Lake Erie. Pronounced differences were found in hydrology (water-level fluctuation), fish assemblages (composition and abundance), and wetland vegetation (composition) between the diked and coastal wetlands, suggesting that a fish-passage structure and periodic management actions could improve habitat and restore seasonal access to Lake Erie fishes.\nFinally, I quantified wetland use (abundance and movement) by Lake Erie fishes using a high-resolution sonar (DIDSON). Despite very dynamic environmental conditions, the degraded Crane Creek wetlands supported an abundance of fishes that moved extensively through the channel connecting to Lake Erie. Longnose gar, shoals of small fish, and other unidentifiable large fish used the channel as a temporary habitat and to escape diurnally poor water quality.\nResults of my research suggest that rehabilitation strategies that account for ecosystem complexity and mimic natural hydrologic processes (e.g., water-level variability, habitat connectivity) can benefit wetland ecosystems on multiple dimensions. Finally, numerous management objectives could be met through function-based rotation of wetlands in the landscape.
EDITORIAL Lupus nephritis- alarmins may sound the alarm?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A growing body of literature has documented the elevated levels of the alarmin HMGB1 in lupus skin and serum. Two recent reports highlight the increased expression of HMGB1 in lupus nephritis, within the diseased kidneys or in the urine. Taken together with previous reports, these findings suggest that the interaction of HMGB1 with a variety of receptors, including receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors, might play a role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. These studies introduce urinary HMGB1 as a novel biomarker candidate in lupus nephritis. Whether alarmins would be effective in sounding the alarm at the incipience of renal damage remains to be ascertained. The recent report by Abdulahad and colleagues [1] that urinary HMGB1 may be a maker of lupus nephritis is the latest addition to a growing body of literature implicating a central role for this molecule in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). HMGB1 is a prototype of the alarmin family of molecules, implicated as autoadjuvants that serve to amplify the immune response. Perhaps the first link to SLE emerged in 2005 when it was first reported to be expressed at high levels in the skin of cutaneous lupus [2]. Thereafter, it was noted to be elevated in the serum of SLE patients as well, using an immunoblot approach [3]. Following that, there has been a steady trickle of reports validating the elevated levels of serum HMGB1 in SLE, as in the latest two studies [1,4]. Indeed, elevated HMGB1 has been noted not only in the serum, but also in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis, as well as other chronic renal diatheses [4,5]. How HMGB1 impacts the pathogenesis of SLE has been extensively studied. We now know that cell death as well as cell activation by inflammatory triggers can
Preimplantation exclusion of embryos at risk for prion diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximately 15% of human prion diseases are inherited disorders associated with PRNP gene mutations, such as familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD). fCJD, a dominant late-onset neurodegenerative disorder with near 100% penetrance, is prevalent among Jews of Libyan descent having a common PRNP E200K founder mutation.1 Mutation analysis can be used for diagnostic or predictive (presymptomatic) genetic testing in affected families. Offspring of affected individuals have a 50% chance of expressing the disorder; nevertheless, the age at onset varies between individuals.

Many patients at risk for fCJD prefer not to know their genetic status but still do not want to pass on the mutation, if it exists, to their children. Prenatal diagnosis through direct mutation analysis forces them to learn their own carrier status. A partial resolution for such problem was introduced by exclusion prenatal testing in which the fetus is tested for the presence of either allele of the relevant gene from the affected grandparent.2 This procedure is designed to avoid the birth of at-risk offspring to an individual who chose not to perform a predictive test. A major …
THE SIMILARITIES OF THE SAXICOLOUS VEGETATION FROM LEAOTA MASSIF WITH THE OTHER MONTAINOUS MASSIFS FROM ROMANIAN CARPATHIAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper is presented a comprehensive analysis of the saxicolous vegetation on the calcareous substratum of the Leaota Mountains, in comparison with the other calcareous massifs of the Romanian Carpathian. This comparison was done on base of calculation of the Jaccard qualitative index. The saxicolous vegetation is represented by the next associations, fixed on the calcareous substratum: Asplenio-Cystopteridetum fragilis Oberd. (1939) 1949, Asplenio quadrivalens-Poetum nemoralis Soo ex Gergely et al. 1966, Thymo comosi-Galietum albi Sanda, Popescu 1999 and Asperulo capitatae-Seslerietum rigidae (Zolyomi 1939) Coldea 1991.
Identification and determination of volatile constituents in wines from different vine cultivars

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Volatile constituents of experimental wines from five white vine cultivars (Terret, Ugni Blanc, Clairette, Sauvignon, Picpoul) and from five red vine cultivars (Cinsaut, Carignan, Grenache, Cabernet‐Sauvignon, Syrah) were analysed using standard liquid‐liquid extraction, chemical fractionation, adsorption chromatography on silica gel, low‐ and high‐performance gas‐liquid chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. One hundred and twenty two substances were positively identified and 15 tentatively identified. Fourteen of them had not been detected previously in wine. Some sensory evaluation of the various separated compounds was also attempted and a total of 131 volatile constituents were quantified in triplicate with calculation of the 95% confidence limits. The proportions and biogenesis of these constituents are briefly discussed.
Early Childbearing, Low Contraceptive Use Maintain High Fertility in Cameroon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 1991 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) was conducted in all 10 provinces of Cameroon between April and September 1991. A total of 3871 women aged 15-49 were interviewed of whom 42% lived in urban areas and 40% had no formal education. A special questionnaire to a subsample of 814 husbands was also administered. 74% of women interviewed were in a marital union 5% were divorced or separated 2% were widowed and 19% had never been married. The median age at first marriage was 16.5 years; it had risen from 16.0 for women aged 45-49 years to 17.3 for those aged 20-24. The median age rose with level of education from 15.2 among women with no schooling to 20.3 among those with more than a primary education. At current fertility rates women in Cameroon can expect to bear 5.8 children during their reproductive years. Only 16% of currently married women are practicing contraception. The total fertility rate (TFR) for the 3 years preceding the survey was 5.8 lifetime births/woman compared to the TFR of 6.4 reported in the 1978 Cameroon Fertility Survey. Moreover women aged 40-49 had an average of 6.3 children. The TFR was 6.3 among rural women vs. 5.2 for urban women. The TFR was 6.2 among women with no schooling compared to 4.5 among those with more than a primary education. 16% of the wives and 20% of the husbands were current contraceptive users: 25% of the urban wives (39% in Yaounde and Douala) compared with 11% in rural areas. 79% of women had received prenatal care during the 5 years preceding the survey. 92% of urban women had received prenatal compared to 71% of rural women. 70% of the infants were protected against tetanus because their mother had received an injection during pregnancy: 83% in urban areas vs. 63% in rural areas. 84-87% of women who had at least some education were more likely to have received a tetanus injection than those who were uneducated (51%).
Reduction of suture associated inflammation after 28 days using novel biocompatible pseudoprotein poly(ester amide) biomaterials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sutures elicit an inflammatory response, which may impede the healing process and result in wound complications. We recently reported a novel family of biocompatible, biodegradable polymers, amino acid‐based poly(ester amide)s (AA‐PEA), which we have shown to significantly attenuate the foreign body inflammatory response in vitro . Two types of AA‐PEA (Phe‐PEA and Arg‐Phe‐PEA) were used to coat silk or plain‐gut sutures, which were implanted in the gluteus muscle of C57BL/6 mice, while the uncoated control sutures were implanted in the contralateral side. After 3, 7, 14, and 28 days the mean area of inflammation surrounding the sutures was compared. Phe‐PEA coating of silk sutures significantly decreased inflammation compared with noncoated controls (67.8 ± 17.4% after 3d [ p = 0.0014], 51.6 ± 7.2% after 7d [ p < 0.001], and 37.3 ± 8.3% after 28d [ p = 0.0001]) when assessed via analysis of photomicrographs using digital image software. Phe‐PEA coated plain‐gut sutures were similarly assessed and demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean area of inflammation across all time points (54.1 ± 8.3% after 3 d, 41.4 ± 3.9% after 7 d, 71.5 ± 8.1% after 14 d, 78.4 ± 8.5%, and after 28 d [all p < 0.0001]). Arg‐Phe‐PEA coated silk demonstrated significantly less inflammation compared to noncoated controls (61.3 ± 9.4% after 3 d, 44.7 ± 4.7% after 7 d, 19.6 ± 8%, and 38.3 ± 6.8% after 28 d [all p < 0.0001]), as did coated plain‐gut (37.4 ± 8.3% after 3 d [ p = 0.0004], 55.0 ± 7.8% after 7 d [ p < 0.0001], 46.0 ± 4.6% after 14 d [ p < 0.0001], and 59.0 ± 7.9% after 28 d [ p < 0.0001]). Both Phe‐PEA and Arg‐Phe‐PEA coatings significantly decrease the inflammatory response to sutures in vivo for up to 28 days. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 457–463, 2015.
The anti-cancer effect of carboxymethylglucan in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose To detect the anti-cancer effect of carboxymethylg-lucan(CMG) with different degree of substitution(DS)in vitro.MethodsUsing HL-7702,HepG-2 and MGC-803 cell as the experimental objects,the anti-cancer effect of CMG was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) colorimetric Method.ResultsCMG weakly inhibited the growth of HL-7702,but obviously affected the growth of HepG-2 and MGC-803.The higher concentration of CMG,the bigger inhibitory effect on HepG-2 and MGC-803 cell is.The inhibitory ratio of CMG2 to HepG-2 was 54.3% at the concentration of 500 μg/mL,to MGC-803 was 51.3% at the concentration of 1 000 μg/mL.ConclusionCMG(DS≈0.55) could effectively inhibit the growth of HepG-2 and MGC-803 cell.
Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan yang Berpotensi sebagai Bahan Pangan di Hutan Lindung Pulau Panjang Jepara Jawa Tengah

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Panjang Isaland is small island in Jepara, Central Java province, with covers about 19,73 ha areas but information on plant biodiversity especially, which has potency as source of foodstuff is still limited. For that reason a plant exploration and inventory in this area has been done in forest protected Panjang Island. Nineteen species of edible plant have been recorded, and they consist of fruits (6 species), vegetables (7 species) and tuber (6 species). Of these species have not all used by local communities to fulfill their food needs. Need to be introduced to local communities the potential of edible plants in Panjang Island in order to support the efforts of food independence in Indonesia.
Pay to Play: Understanding Gamer's Motivation through Semantic Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding what motivates a gamer to pay to play a game could enhance the gaming industry. One of the ways to understand game players experiences is through exploration via their text communication. This study explores text communication posted on the Steam digital distribution platform on paid-play games. A total of 7255 gamer text communicated were collected and analysed. Reviews from the past pinpointed that elements such as social influence, entertaining features, graphic design, music, and soundtrack used in the game could influence the game playing experience. To study those, we use mix-method (qualitative and quantitative) methods to analyse the data. We invite three human coders to categorise statements associating with its elements and aspects. Next, with the aid of Wmatrix, a semantic analysis system, we tabulate and elaborate the emotion words associating with the gameplay elements. The result shows that the positive feeling of love and joy highly encourages the gamer's overall game playing experience. Elements such as the storyline, design of the Avatar and the entertaining features are the primary motivation of the gameplay.
Quantum secure direct communication against the collective noise with polarization-entangled Bell states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a quantum secure direct communication protocol via a collective noise channel, exploiting polarization-entangled Bell states and the nondemolition parity analysis based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities. The participant Bob, who will receive the secret information, sends one of two photons in a polarization-entangled Bell state exploiting the transmission circuit against the collective noise to the participant Alice, who will send the secret information, by the means of photon block transmission. If the first security check employing the nondemolition parity analysis is passed, the task of securely distributing the quantum channel is fulfilled. Encoding secret information on the photons sent from Bob by performing single-photon unitary transformation operations, Alice resends these photons to Bob through the transmission circuit against the collective noise. Exploiting the nondemolition parity analysis to distinguish Bell states, Bob can obtain the secret information from Alice after the second security check is passed, and the resulting Bell states can be applied to other tasks of quantum information processing. Under the condition of the secure quantum channel being confirmed, the photons that are utilized in the role of the security check can be applied to the function of secure direct communication, thus enhancing the efficiency of transmitting secret information and saving a lot of resources.
Towards the operation of Cs-K-Sb photocathodes in superconducting rf photoinjectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High quantum efficiency photocathodes are mandatory for the operation of photoinjector driven electron accelerators with high average current and high brightness beams. Photocathodes based on bi-alkali antimonides, e.g., CsK_{2}Sb, exhibit high quantum efficiencies for visible light and can be operated close to the photoemission threshold, thus they are suitable candidates to provide high current and low emittance electron beams. In this paper, a codeposition procedure of K and Cs on Sb resulting in high quantum efficiency photocathodes is presented and compared to the sequential growth procedure that was established for photomultiplier and accelerator applications. In-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to gain insights into the reaction pathway of antimony with alkali metals, and to optimize the growth process of CsK_{2}Sb on Mo. It has been found that the average stoichiometry of the samples is similar after both procedures. The study also presents the behavior of the photocurrent at cryogenic temperatures, the influence of cooling and warmup cycles on the photocathode lifetime and our experience with storage and transport. This work demonstrates that our codeposition growth procedure reproducibly delivers high quantum efficiency photocathodes, and that their quantum efficiency, when excited with green photons, is not influenced by cryogenic temperatures.
Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: report of a case with psychomotor retardation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia as a clinical entity is as yet ill defined and poorly understood. The only consistent manifestation is reduced serum content of cholesterol and betalipoprotein. Four kindreds have been reported and of these only one person has clinical evidence of disease.1-4 This was characterized by signs and symptoms of progressive demyelinization of the central nervous system, lack of responsiveness to local anesthesia, and dislike of animal fats and milk.1 This report describes a fifth family. The propositus demonstrated delayed psychomotor development in addition to hypobetalipoproteinemia. Twenty-two members of his family were screened for serum lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglyceride content; eight were found to have hypobetalipoproteinemia.
NA-Caching: An Adaptive Content Management Approach Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video streaming is a dominant application over today's Internet. The current mainstream video streaming solution is to utilize the services of a Content Delivery Network (CDN) provider. By replicating video content closer to the network edge, caching provides an effective mechanism for alleviating the demand for massive bandwidth for the Internet backbone. It reduces the network traffic and capital expense for streaming the video content, and in the meantime, enhance Internet's Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose a neural adaptive caching approach, named NA-Caching, for helping cache learn to make caching decisions from its own experiences rather than a specific mathematical model, in a way similar to how a human being learns a new skill (e.g. cycling, swimming). NA-Caching leverages the benefits of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as well as the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to maximize the cache efficiency by jointly learning request features, caching space dynamics and making decisions. Specifically, we utilize Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to characterize the evolving features of the dynamic requests and caching space. Moreover, the above GRU-based representation network is integrated into a Deep Q-Network (DQN) framework for making adaptive caching decisions online. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we conduct extensive experiments on anonymized real-world traces from a video provider. The results demonstrate that our algorithm significantly outperform several candidate methods.
PENTASHIHAN AL-QURâ€™AN DIGITAL DI INDONESIA: PERAN, LEGITIMASI DAN OTORITAS LPMQ

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur'an (LPMQ) in Indonesia which has the authority to provide corrections and recommendations, as well to supervise the distribution of Mushaf in Indonesia. In a decade recently, the massive flow of digitalization in Indonesia has also influenced the emergence of variety of digital Qur'ans with various problems. Hence the response and role of LPMQ in digital Qur'an correction process is important. Based on qualitative data and Max Weber's theory of rational-legal authority, this article shows that LPMQ awares and supports the emergence of digital Qur'an in Indonesia with several policies. However, several policies do not seem to work well due to the lack of qualified human resources in the field of Information technology. In this case, LPMQ seems to still maintain the old way in the process of the mushaf ratifying. In terms of authority, LPMQÂ Â has the legitimacy of having the authority to perform ratifying of digital Qur'an. LPMQ as institution also has legality to affirm or certify a product. As well as the authority is allowed to issue an order such as a set of rules, in which it is drawn up by the institution holding the authority and must be obeyed by the publisher of digital Quran.
Objective video presentation QoE predictor for smart adaptive video streaming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

How to deliver videos to consumers over the network for optimal quality-of-experience (QoE) has been the central goal of modern video delivery services. Surprisingly, regardless of the large volume of videos being delivered everyday through various systems attempting to improve visual QoE, the actual QoE of end consumers is not properly assessed, not to say using QoE as the key factor in making critical decisions at the video hosting, network and receiving sites. Real-world video streaming systems typically use bitrate as the main video presentation quality indicator, but using the same bitrate to encode different video content could result in drastically different visual QoE, which is further affected by the display device and viewing condition of each individual consumer who receives the video. To correct this, we have to put QoE back to the driver's seat and redesign the video delivery systems. To achieve this goal, a major challenge is to find an objective video presentation QoE predictor that is accurate, fast, easy-to-use, display device adaptive, and provides meaningful QoE predictions across resolution and content. We propose to use the newly developed SSIMplus index (https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~z70wang/research/ssimplus/) for this role. We demonstrate that based on SSIMplus, one can develop a smart adaptive video streaming strategy that leads to much smoother visual QoE impossible to achieve using existing adaptive bitrate video streaming approaches. Furthermore, SSIMplus finds many more applications, in live and file-based quality monitoring, in benchmarking video encoders and transcoders, and in guiding network resource allocations.