jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In situ characterization of cell infiltrates in the dermis of human scabies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cell infiltrates in the dermis of biopsy specimens from skin lesions of seven patients with scabies were characterized by receptors for sheep erythrocytes (T-lymphocytes), Fc C3b (macrophages and B-lymphocytes) and C3d receptors (B-lymphocytes) using hemadsorption to cryostat sections in closed chamber. T-lymphocytes were also identified using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with rabbit anti-T-lymphocyte serum. All sections showed perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates in the dermis as judged by sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin. T-lymphocytes were the predominant cells in the infiltrates. Fewer macrophages and very few B-lymphocytes were detected. Cell-mediated immune response may be of importance in the pathogenesis of scabies.
Disarticulation and chains of equivalence: agonism and non-sectarian movements in post-war Beirut

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Divided cities are characterised by intergroup contestation over the wider issue of state legitimacy. Violent conflict has left a legacy of segregation, weak public services and clientelistic networks. Debates and practices for conflict management in divided cities centre on accommodationist or integrationist approaches. While accommodationist methods seek to recognise and accommodate ethnosectarian divisions within public institutions, it risks intensifying ethnosectarian polarisation and empowering elites to deepen control over communities. Integrationist methods, alternatively, aim to foster shared identities and relationships between groups, but are too optimistic in assuming that divisions can be overcome through rational deliberation. As an alternative, I deploy Mouffe’s theory of agonistic conflict to show how various non-sectarian movements contest the hegemony of a sectarian system that reproduces exclusion and inequality. To this end, I use key dimensions of agonism – ‘rearticulation/disarticulation’ and ‘chains of equivalence’– to analyse different types of non-sectarian actors and successive waves of protest, known as ‘You Stink’ and the ‘Thawra’, in post-war Beirut.
Multiparty Mediation: Bias and Balance in Civil War Mediation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mediator bias has been argued to improve mediation success by helping overcome both the information and credible commitment problems that obstruct conict resolution. These arguments have focused on the relationship between a single mediator and the disputants. Multiparty mediation provides new dynamics between the mediators and the disputants that have thus far not been accounted for. These dynamics have meaningful implications for the impact of bias on mediation success. In particular, multiple mediators can provide bias on both sides, providing information and alleviating the credibility concerns felt by both the rebels and the government in a civil war. Therefore, balanced mediation eorts have unique advantages when it comes to
Low-Level ionizing radiation induces selective killing of HIV-1-infected cells with reversal of cytokine induction using mtor inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HIV-1 infects 39.5 million people worldwide, and cART is effective in preventing viral spread by reducing HIV-1 plasma viral loads to undetectable levels. However, viral reservoirs persist by mechanisms, including the inhibition of autophagy by HIV-1 proteins (i.e., Nef and Tat). HIV-1 reservoirs can be targeted by the “shock and kill” strategy, which utilizes latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate latent proviruses and immunotarget the virus-producing cells. Yet, limitations include reduced LRA permeability across anatomical barriers and immune hyper-activation. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces effective viral activation across anatomical barriers. Like other LRAs, IR may cause inflammation and modulate the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We and others have shown that cells may secrete cytokines and viral proteins in EVs and, therefore, LRAs may contribute to inflammatory EVs. In the present study, we mitigated the effects of IR-induced inflammatory EVs (i.e., TNF-α), through the use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi; Rapamycin and INK128). Further, mTORi were found to enhance the selective killing of HIV-1-infected myeloid and T-cell reservoirs at the exclusion of uninfected cells, potentially via inhibition of viral transcription/translation and induction of autophagy. Collectively, the proposed regimen using cART, IR, and mTORi presents a novel approach allowing for the targeting of viral reservoirs, prevention of immune hyper-activation, and selectively killing latently infected HIV-1 cells.
Investigating Synergistic Effects of Different Antibiotics on Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

: Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen involved in number of hospital acquired infections such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections, bacteremia, septicemia, skin infections and ventilator-associated pneumoniae. Biofilm formation is an important trait implicated in chronic infections, such as cystic fibrosis and chromic pulmonary obstruction. Method: A total of 266 isolates were collected from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by double disk synergy testing. ESBL and Modified Hodge testing was performed for phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemases. Molecular screening of the genes was done by PCR. Micro-dilution broth method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. Biofilm formation was done by micro-titer plate assay. Results: Overall, 20% of the P. aeruginosa isolates were extensively drug resistant (XDR-PA) and 25% were multi-drug-resistant (MDR-PA). Likewise, 43% of the isolates were ESBL producers and carbapenemase production was detected in 40% of the isolates. Molecular analysis confirmed occurrence of different resistant factors in ESBL positive isolates; 67% carried bla-TEM, 62% bla-CTXM-15, 41% bla-SHV, 34% bla-CTXM-14 and 33% bla-OXA-1. In addition, 68% of carbapenem-resistant isolates were positive for bla-NDM-1, 25% for bla-OXA-48 and 22% for bla-KPC-2. Biofilm formation was tested for 234 isolates, out of which 28% were strong biofilm formers. Moderate and weak biofilm formers were 46% and 23% respectively. Overall, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and cefepime showed inhibitory effects on P. aeruginosa biofilms. Antibiotics in combination showed strong synergistic effects (ciprofloxacin &amp;amp; cefepime); while gentamicin and cefepime resulted into complete eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Conclusion: We confirm strong synergistic effects of gentamicin and cefepime that completely eradicated P. aeruginosa biofilm. We further confirm inhibitory effects of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and cefepime on P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Compact Kähler manifolds admitting large solvable groups of automorphisms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let G be a group of automorphisms of a compact Kähler manifold X of dimension n and N(G) the subset of null-entropy elements. Suppose G admits no non-abelian free subgroup. Improving the known Tits alternative, we obtain that, up to replace G by a finite-index subgroup, either G/N(G) is a free abelian group of rank < n-1, or G/N(G) is a free abelian group of rank n-1 and X is a complex torus, or G is a free abelian group of rank n-1. If the last case occurs, X is G-equivariant birational to the quotient of an abelian variety provided that X is a projective manifold of dimension n > 2 and is not rationally connected. We also prove and use a generalization of a theorem by Fujiki and Lieberman on the structure of Aut(X).
Study of family history among parents and siblings of Ethiopian diabetics: a preliminary report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

218 diabetic probands and 300 non-diabetic controls were interviewed for history of diabetes mellitus in their parents and siblings. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among blood relatives of probands and controls differed significantly. The study also showed that NIDDM probands had more positive family history of diabetes than IDDM ones. The overall findings of this study indicated that heredity has an important role in the genesis of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopian diabetics.
The depiction of sahibkiran Amir Temur in the writing of Alisher Navoi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Alisher Navoiy was one of the most prominent literary figures of the Temurid era, with nearly thirty major and minor works survived to us. As a leading poet and scholar of his time, Navoiy did not remain indifferent to the great personalities of his era or those who preceded him. He often reflected on them in his works, one of whom was the founder of the Temurid kingdom, Sahibqiran Amir Temur. he established a kingdom series that significantly influenced not only the history of Turkic peoples, particularly the Uzbek nation, but also played a pivotal role in global history. The name of Amir Temur appears in more than ten of Navoiy’s works, such as “Khamsa”, “Tarikh Muluk al-Ajam”, Majalis al-Nafayis”, “Nasayim al-Muhabbat”, “Favayid al-Kibar”, “Muhakamat al-Lughatain”, “Manshaat”, and “Halat-e Pahlavan Muhammad”. These works provide rare insights into Amir Temur’s personality, achievements, and virtues, along with valuable moral lessons and advice. Such vivid portrayals of Amir Temur can collectively be referred to, symbolically and reverentially, as Navoiy’s “Tuzuk-e Temur” (Temur-nameh). The material for this research was compiled by consulting Navoiy’s various works, considering the views of Navoiy scholars, and analyzing facts about Temur through descriptive and analytical methods. The study concludes that the name of Amir Temur can be found in nearly all of Navoiy’s significant works. In these texts, Temur is consistently mentioned with great reverence and adorned with various honorable titles and descriptions. This reflects Navoiy’s profound respect for Amir Temur. In our view, Navoiy’s limitless respect for Amir Temur and his kingdom can be attributed, on one hand, to the fact that Navoiy lived during the reign of this dynasty and had close ties to the court, benefiting from its numerous privileges. On the other hand, it can also be understood as Navoiy’s recognition of the foundational role played by Temur in promoting the development of the Turkic language, which Navoiy held dear.
The Use of Cartoons as a Tool to Support Teacher Ownership of Mathematics Curriculum Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In South Africa teachers are faced with the introduction of yet another revised curriculum. Higher education institutes are developing programmes to help teachers through the transition. This article describes such an intervention. The research addresses the question: how could mathematical reasoning cartoons be used as a tool to support teacher ownership of curriculum change? The article reports on three action research iterations in which qualified and experienced mathematics teachers are introduced to the use of reasoning cartoons during a short learning programme targeting the development of teachers’ ownership of curriculum change. Rainer and Matthews's ownership of learning framework is adapted and used as a theoretical lens to provide indicators of teachers’ ownership of curriculum change. Data were collected from audio-taped discussions in groups and teachers’ written reflections concerning the introduction of reasoning cartoons, using the tenets of exploratory talk, into their classes. The results indicate that, after the first iteration, where cartoons developed commercially in the UK were introduced, teachers demonstrated that they could move from a didactic to a dialogic environment where spaces were created for all participants to speak and to listen. When cartoon content was drawn from the current South African curriculum, the teachers were able to introduce a largely teacher-centred approach to implementing the curriculum. However, it was only when the teachers took ownership of their own cartoon construction that they manifested the majority of indicators of ownership of curriculum change. The research suggests that teachers can use a mediating artefact to enable them to embrace curriculum changes imposed from the top down.
[Model of the packing of DNA and histone octamer in the structure of the nucleosome].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A model is proposed which describes the packing of polypeptide chains of histone molecules in the octamer (H3--H4--H2A--H2B)2, and interlocation of DNA and octamer in the nucleosome. DNA packing in the nucleosome is provided for by electrostatic interactions between DNA phosphates and cationic groups located on the globular part surface of histones octamer. The cationic groups of N- and C-end regions of the histone molecules (histones H3 and H4 in particular) additionally stabilize the nucleosome structure.
Irony and the Politics of Composition in the Philosophy of Franco “Bifo” Berardi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

By analyzing Franco Berardi’s reflections on irony as an extension of his political praxis, the article first examines the multifaceted functions of this rhetorical device in the contexts of the late-1960s social struggles against factory work in Italy, the communication experiments of the Autonomia movement, and the information overload of the contemporary mediascape. In the second part, the text addresses Berardi’s attempt to reconcile Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulacra with Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s theory of desire to end with a reflection on how his distinction between irony and cynicism may offer a counterpoint to Slavoj Žižek’s critique of ideology.
Optimizing Bipartite Matching with Interleaved and Injective Mappings: Implementing and Evaluating the k-Swap Heuristic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bipartite matching problems play a crucial role in various software engineering tools, including resource allocation and task assignment. In this paper, we address a specific variant of the bipartite matching problem, called the Double Assignment Problem (DAP), focusing on the allocation of machines to workers in a production environment. The objective is to maximize the number of worker-machine associations, subject to a second, orthogonal matching problem: associating some worker W to a machine M implies that the (ordered) list of servers employed by M are dedicated to the respective programs used by the worker W. Since DAP is, in general, NP-hard, we introduce a heuristic that quickly approximates candidate results. The heuristic is called k-swap stability and has originally been formalized to tackle a specific DAP instance arising in the niche field of anti-unification. We extend the definition to our more general setting and give promising preliminary results obtained by applying our k-swap implementation on a testbed of examples.
Gastric Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with Fludeoxyglucose (18F, FDG) Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography (PET): A Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a very rare neoplasm. When Endoscopic Gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed, submucosal tumors of stomach were found incidentally...
On Constructing a Realistic Truth Model Using Ionosonde Data for Observation System Simulation Experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The ionosphere contains many small‐scale electron density variations that are under represented in smooth physics‐based or climatological models. This can negatively impact the results of Observation System Simulation Experiments, which use a truth model to simulate data. This paper addresses this problem by using ionosonde data to study ionospheric variability and build a new truth model with empirically driven variations. The variations are studied for their amplitude, horizontal and vertical size, and temporal extent. Results are presented for different local times, seasons, and at solar minimum and solar maximum. We find that these departures from a smooth background are often as large as 25% and are most prevalent near 250 km in altitude. They have horizontal spatial extents that vary from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometers, and typically have the largest horizontal extent at high altitudes. Their vertical extents follow the same pattern of being larger at high altitudes, but they only vary from 10s of km up to 200 km in vertical size. Temporally, these variations can last for a few hours. A procedure for using these spatial and temporal distributions to add empirically driven variance to a smooth truth model is outlined. This process is used to make a truth model with representative variations, which is compared to ionosonde data as well as Global Positioning System Total Electron Content data that was not used to inform the model. The new model resembles the data much better than the smooth models traditionally used.
Does Temperature Have a Metric Structure?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Is there anything more to temperature than the ordering of things from colder to hotter? Are there also facts, for example, about how much hotter (twice as hot, three times as hot, etc.) one thing is than another? There certainly are, but the only strong justification for this claim comes from statistical mechanics. What we knew about temperature before the advent of statistical mechanics (what we knew about it from thermodynamics) provided only weak reasons to believe it.
Facile Fabrication of Lilac-Like Multiple Self-Supporting WO3 Nanoneedle Arrays with Cubic/Hexagonal Phase Junctions for Highly Sensitive Ethylene Glycol Gas Sensors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metal oxides with nanoarray structures have been demonstrated to be prospective materials for the design of gas sensors with high sensitivity. In this work, the WO3 nanoneedle array structures were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination. It was demonstrated that the calcination of the sample at 400 °C facilitated the construction of lilac-like multiple self-supporting WO3 arrays, with appropriate c/h-WO3 heterophase junction and highly oriented nanoneedles. Sensors with this structure exhibited the highest sensitivity (2305) to 100 ppm ethylene glycol at 160 °C and outstanding selectivity. The enhanced ethylene glycol gas sensing can be attributed to the abundant transport channels and active sites provided by this unique structure. In addition, the more oxygen adsorption caused by the heterophase junction and the aggregation of reaction medium induced by tip effect are both in favor of the improvement on the gas sensing performance.
Differential methylation of hypoxan genes on active and inactive human (X inactivation/5-azacytidine/mouse-human hybrid cell/Southern bl,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous theoretical considerations and some experimental data have suggested a role for DNA methylation in the maintenance of mammalian X chromosome inactivation. The isolation of specific X-encoded sequences makes it possible to investigate this hypothesis directly. We have used cloned fragments of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltrans- ferase (HPRT) gene and methylation-sensitive restriction en- zymes to study methylation patterns in genomic DNA of indi- viduals with different numbers of X chromosomes and in so- matic cell hybrid lines containing human X chromosomes that are either active or inactive or have been reactivated by treat- ment with 5-azacytidine. The results of these analyses show that there is hypomethylation of active X chromosomes rela- tive to inactive X chromosomes in the 5' region of this gene. In the middle region of the gene, however, a site that is consis- tently undermethylated on inactive X chromosomes was identi- fied. Taken together, the data suggest that the overall pattern of methylation, rather than methylation of specific sites, plays a role in the maintenance of X chromosome inactivation.
α‐Sila‐Dipeptides: Synthesis and Characterization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The first two α‐sila‐dipeptides, 7 and cyclo‐sila‐dipeptide 8 , were synthesized and characterized by several methods, including X‐ray crystallography. Bulky t ‐BuMe 2 Si substituents provide some kinetic stabilization to the synthesized molecules. 7 and 8 are the first examples of a “Si for C switch” in the central α‐position of an amino acid or a peptide, in which silicon is bonded to both the amino and the carbonyl groups.
A comparison of head‐down tilt with low‐dose infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide in man.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Procedures that increase atrial pressure, such as head‐down tilt, result in an increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and a natriuresis, but a direct cause‐and‐effect relationship between these two responses has not been established. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of head‐down tilt with exogenous ANP on renal function. 2. Eight normal sodium‐replete volunteers underwent a 3 h placebo infusion, a 3 h ANP infusion at 1.2 pmol kg‐1 min‐1 and a 3 h period of head‐down tilt. Each procedure was performed on a separate day, in random order. 3. ANP and head‐down tilt produced similar increases in sodium excretion (65 +/‐ 24 and 68 +/‐ 16%, respectively). ANP did not increase urine flow significantly more than placebo. Head‐down tilt increased urine flow significantly more than placebo and ANP. 4. Plasma ANP rose from 8.1 +/‐ 1.0 to 11.4 +/‐ 2.5 pg ml‐1 during head‐down tilt and from 6.5 +/‐ 1.4 to 32.3 +/‐ 10.7 pg ml‐1 with ANP infusion. 5. ANP infusion had no significant effects on systemic haemodynamics whilst head‐down tilt increased cardiac output and reduced heart rate and an index of systemic vascular resistance. 6. ANP infusion, whilst achieving a natriuretic response similar to that of tilt, was associated with a 3‐fold higher mean plasma ANP level. Although plasma ANP rose during both ANP infusion and tilt, there was a lack of correlation between natriuretic response and plasma ANP. 7. The results are not compatible with a direct cause‐and‐effect relationship between plasma ANP and sodium excretion during head‐down tilt.