jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Decoupling inequalities and supercritical percolation for the vacant set\n of random walk loop soup

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It has been recently understood (arXiv:1212.2885, arXiv:1310.4764,\narXiv:1410.0605) that for a general class of percolation models on\n$\\mathbb{Z}^d$ satisfying suitable decoupling inequalities, which includes\ni.a.\\ Bernoulli percolation, random interlacements and level sets of the\nGaussian free field, large scale geometry of the unique infinite cluster in\nstrongly percolative regime is qualitatively the same; in particular, the\nrandom walk on the infinite cluster satisfies the quenched invariance\nprinciple, Gaussian heat-kernel bounds and local CLT.\n In this paper we consider the random walk loop soup on $\\mathbb{Z}^d$ in\ndimensions $d\\geq 3$. An interesting aspect of this model is that despite its\nsimilarity and connections to random interlacements and the Gaussian free\nfield, it does not fall into the above mentioned general class of percolation\nmodels, since the required decoupling inequalities are not valid.\n We identify weaker (and more natural) decoupling inequalities and prove that\n(a) they do hold for the random walk loop soup and (b) all the results about\nthe large scale geometry of the infinite percolation cluster proved for the\nabove mentioned class of models hold also for models that satisfy the weaker\ndecoupling inequalities. Particularly, all these results are new for the vacant\nset of the random walk loop soup. (The range of the random walk loop soup has\nbeen addressed by Chang arXiv:1504.07906 by a model specific approximation\nmethod, which does not apply to the vacant set.)\n Finally, we prove that the strongly supercritical regime for the vacant set\nof the random walk loop soup is non-trivial. It is expected, but open at the\nmoment, that the strongly supercritical regime coincides with the whole\nsupercritical regime.\n
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Open Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

These proceedings contain the articles presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Open Data (WOD) held in Paris, France, on June 3, 2013. After last year successful event in the context of the European Open Data Week in Nantes, WOD'2013 was organized by the ETIS laboratory and by the Institute for Advanced Studies of the University of Cergy-Pontoise, in the context of the thematic cycle > and of the Patrima Foundation in collaboration with the Institute of Computer Science of FORTH in Crete. The event was hosted by the National Library of France (Bibliotheque nationale de France - BnF).

The WOD series of workshops aims at fostering computer science research on a broad range of topics concerned within the widely-spread Open Data movement. Open Data are expected to play a catalyst role in the way structured information is exploited in the large scale, and offers a great potential for building innovative products and services that create new value from already collected data and is expected to foster active citizenship, sustainable urban planning and world-wide research according to the fourth paradigm of science. In particular, Open Data published according to the Linked Data Paradigm transform the Web from a document publishing-only environment into a vibrant information ecosystem where yesterday's passive readers have become active data aggregators and generators themselves on the so-called data Web.

WOD aims to be a premier venue to gather computer science researchers and practitioners who are contributing to and interested in addressing the technology barriers that currently impede progress to create value from Open Data. Hence, it is a unique opportunity to find in a single place up-to-date scientific works on Web-scale Open Data issues that have so far only partially been addressed by different research communities such as Data Management, Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Distributed Systems, Data Privacy, and Data Visualization.
Hetero-oligomeric glutamate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus , possesses two glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes, gdhA and gdhB , putatively forming an operon on the genome. To elucidate the functions of these genes, the gene products were purified and characterized. GdhA showed no GDH activity, while GdhB showed GDH activity for reductive amination 1.3-fold higher than that for oxidative deamination. When GdhA was co-expressed with His-tag-fused GdhB, GdhA was co-purified with His-tagged GdhB. Compared with GdhB alone, co-purified GdhA–GdhB had decreased reductive amination activity and increased oxidative deamination activity, resulting in a 3.1-fold preference for oxidative deamination over reductive amination. Addition of hydrophobic amino acids affected the GDH activity of the co-purified GdhA–GdhB hetero-complex. Among the amino acids, leucine had the largest effect on activity: addition of 1 mM leucine elevated the GDH activity of the co-purified GdhA–GdhB by 974 and 245 % for reductive amination and oxidative deamination, respectively, while GdhB alone did not show such marked activation by leucine. Kinetic analysis revealed that the elevation of GDH activity by leucine is attributable to the enhanced turnover number of GDH. In this hetero-oligomeric GDH system, GdhA and GdhB act as regulatory and catalytic subunits, respectively, and GdhA can modulate the activity of GdhB through hetero-complex formation, depending on the availability of hydrophobic amino acids. This study provides the first finding, to our knowledge, of a hetero-oligomeric GDH that can be regulated allosterically.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN, LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP STRES KERJA KARYAWAN ADMINISTARSI UMUM RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PROVINSI NTB

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to determine the significant relationship of individual characteristics, job characteristics, work environment either simultaneously or partially as well as dominant influence.This research is located in West Nusa Tenggara provincial hospital general administration section which consist of 60 people as respondent, research type used is associative research, data collecting method by questionnaire and interview and documentation with linear multiple regression analysis with f test and t test.The result of this research is significant influence of individual characteristic, work characteristic, work environment simultaneously influence to work stress, while partially individual characteristic and work environment have significant effect to work stress, while dominant influence is individual characteristic
Double Exponential Families and Their Use in Generalized Linear Regression

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In one-parameter exponential families such as the binomial and Poisson, the variance is a function of the mean. Double exponential families allow the introduction of a second parameter that controls variance independently of the mean. Double families are used as constituent distributions in generalized linear regressions, in which both means and variances are allowed to depend on observed covariates. The theory is applied to two examples—a logistic regression and a large two-way contingency table. In such cases the binomial model of variance is often untrustworthy. For example, because genuine random sampling was infeasible, the subjects may have been obtained in clumps so that the statistician should really be using smaller sample sizes. Clumped sampling is just one of many possible causes of overdispersion, a habitual source of concern to users of binomial and Poisson models. This article concerns a class of regression families that allow the statistician to model overdispersion while carrying out the usual regression analyses for the mean as a function of the predictors. Close connections with previous ideas concerning generalized linear models are discussed.
Sodium-potassium pump inhibitor in the mechanism of one-kidney, one wrap hypertension in dogs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using ouabain sensitive 86Rb uptake by the vessel wall, we previously showed that sodium-potassium pump activity is decreased in the arteries and veins, and that the sodium-potassium pump inhibitor (SPI) is increased in the plasma of dogs with one-kidney, one wrap (1-K, 1W) hypertension, a low renin model of hypertension. We also showed in rats with a similar type of hypertension that the membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells in arteries is decreased, and that this decrease can be reproduced in arterial cells in arteries from normal rats by applying plasma from the hypertensive animals. One endogenous SPI in human plasma has been reported to be ouabain or its isomer. In this study, we used a newly available Dupont ouabain enzyme immunoassay kit to examine plasma and kidneys for SPI in dogs with 1-K, 1W hypertension. We also examined 1) the inhibiting activity of plasma of Na+, K(+)-ATPase obtained from normal kidneys, and 2) the Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity of the kidneys from these hypertensive animals. 1-K, 1W hypertension was produced in dogs by wrapping the left kidney in a silk bag and removing the right kidney. The removed kidney was kept at -70 degrees C till assayed. After 4 weeks of hypertension, the remaining kidney was removed and stored at -70 degrees C till assayed. Blood samples were drawn before and at weeks 3 and 4 of hypertension. Plasma levels of "ouabain" and Na+, K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity were increased at weeks 3 and 4 of hypertension, compared to pre-hypertension levels. Renal tissue "ouabain" levels were also increased at week 4 of hypertension. However, renal Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity was unchanged. These findings, using two different assays, confirm our 1980 conclusion that SPI is elevated in the plasma of dogs with 1-K, 1W hypertension. The absence of renal Na+, K(+)-ATPase inhibition, despite increased plasma and renal SPI in these animals, may have important implications for the development of this type of hypertension.
Total and Labile Soil Organic Matter in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Even though organic management practices are intended to enhance soil performance by altering the quantity or quality of soil organic matter (SOM), there is no consensus on how to measure or manage SOM status. We investigated the veracity of common perceptions about SOM quantity in organically and conventionally managed soils by evaluating the relative responsiveness to organic management of particulate organic matter (POM) and the Illinois Soil N Test (IL‐N), which has been proposed as a direct measure of labile N. Soil samples were obtained from nine farming systems trials in the USA. Soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), POM‐C, POM‐N, and IL‐N were compared among manure + legume‐based organic, legume‐based organic, and conventional farming systems. The organic systems had higher SOC and TN concentrations than conventional systems whether or not manure was applied. The POM‐C, POM‐N, and IL‐N concentrations did not differ between manure + legume‐ and legume‐based organic systems. The amount of N recovered in POM and IL‐N was similar. Organic management enriched soil POM‐C and ‐N by 30 to 40% relative to the conventional control and this level of enrichment was two to four times greater than that in any other fraction. The IL‐N fraction was not a good measure of labile N as it was less enriched than POM and included recalcitrant components. This is evidenced by the strong correlation between IL‐N and SOC, TN, climate and textural characteristics. Particulate organic matter provided clearer evidence of SOM and labile N accrual under organic management. Direct links between POM status and soil N supply and physical condition are being pursued to help farmers manage biologically based fertility.
RITPBC: B-cell depleting therapy (rituximab) as a treatment for fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease with approximately 50% of patients experiencing fatigue. This can be a particularly debilitating symptom, affecting quality of life and resulting in social isolation. Fatigue is highlighted by patients as a priority for research and patient support groups were involved in designing this trial. This is the first randomised controlled trial to investigate a treatment for fatigue in PBC. The trial protocol is innovative as it utilises novel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques as an outcome measure. The protocol will be valuable to research groups planning clinical trials targeting fatigue in PBC and also transferrable to other conditions associated with fatigue. Methods and analysis RITPBC is a Medical Research Council (MRC) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme (EME)-funded project. It is a phase II, single-centre, randomised controlled, double-blinded trial comparing rituximab with placebo in fatigued PBC patients. 78 patients with PBC and moderate to severe fatigue will be randomised to receive two infusions of rituximab or placebo. The study aims to assess whether rituximab improves fatigue in patients with PBC, the safety, and tolerability of rituximab in PBC and the sustainability of any beneficial actions. The primary outcome will be an improvement in fatigue domain score of the PBC-40, a disease-specific quality of life measure, evaluated at 12-week assessment. Secondary outcome measures include novel MRS techniques assessing muscle bioenergetic function, physical activity, anaerobic threshold and symptom, and quality of life measures. The trial started recruiting in October 2012 and recruitment is ongoing. Ethics and dissemination The trial has ethical approval from the NRES Committee North East, has Clinical Trial Authorisation from MHRA and local R&D approval. Trial results will be communicated to participants, presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ISRCTN03978701.
Additions to the Chinese Pylaisiadelphaceae (Bryopsida)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three species and one variety: Brotherella recurvans,Clastobryum cuculligerum,Taxithelium liukiuense and Trismegistia calderensis var. rigida are reported as new records to China,and their description and illustrations are provided. These new records are based on the specimens from Hainan,Hong Kong and Yunnan.
Two paths to customer loyalty: the moderating effect of the differentiation level strategy in the performance-satisfaction-value-intentions relationship

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to show how consumers process information differently under two dissimilar types of brand strategies. By analysing data from dishwashing detergent consumers who evaluated two different brands, one with a high differentiated/performance/price brand (HB) strategy and other with a low differentiated/cost/price brand (LB) strategy, it is shown how the structural relationship between some constructs differ under each price brand strategy. With a structural path analysis, the product performance, customer satisfaction, customer perceived value and behavioural intentions relationship are assessed. Additionally, the moderating effect of the brand strategy in this structural relationship is tested. Design/methodology/approach Data of a sample of n = 273 Mexican dishwashing detergent users were analysed. Respondents evaluated two brands of dishwashing detergent. One brand followed a high differentiated/performance/price strategy (Axion) and the other used a low differentiated/cost/price strategy (Roma). Participants had to have been consumers of both brands of detergents. A structural path analysis to show the moderating effect of the brand strategy was implemented. A nested comparison invariance test for structural weights to corroborate differences was used, as well. Findings Results confirm structural differences between both brand strategies in the constructs relationship. The HB strategy showed that both satisfaction and perceived value have a mediating effect between product performance and brand intentions; on the other hand, the LB strategy showed that only satisfaction has a mediating effect between these two constructs. The explanation amount for dependent latent variables was higher for the HB strategy than for the LB strategy. Originality/value This study offers a distinct view of the differentiated/quality brand strategy – low cost/price brand strategy duality. It provides a theoretical-empirical explanation of the cognitive processes that both strategies involve for a customer. As well, this study conceptually relates the generic strategies theory with the use of specific brand strategies.
Isoperimetric-type inequalities for Mather's $β$-function of convex billiards

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article we discuss pointwise spectral rigidity results for several billiard systems (e.g., Birkhoff billiards, symplectic billiards and $4$-th billiards), showing that a single value of Mather's $β$-function can determine whether a strongly convex smooth planar domain is a disk (or an ellipse, in the affine-invariant case of symplectic billiards). Evoking the famous question "Can you hear the shape of a billiard?", one could say that circular billiards can be heard by a single whisper! More specifically, we prove isoperimetric-type inequalities comparing the $β$-function associated to the billiard map of domain to that of a disk with the same perimeter or area, and investigate what are the consequences of having an equality. Surprisingly, this rigidity fails for outer billiards, where explicit counterexamples are constructed for rotation numbers $1/3$ and $1/4$. The results are framed within Aubry-Mather theory and provide a modern dynamical reinterpretation and extension of classical geometric inequalities for extremal polygons.
Sustainable future for Ukraine: clarifying the senses and studying the cases of Doughnut model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustainability discourse after 2015 got several interpretations, among which Doughnut idea still is relatively unknown in Ukraine. Challenges of war and vectors of post-war recovery raise the issue of better acknowledgment of it and its implications, inspiring the search for testing the cases and benchmarking recovery framework for Ukraine. The integrative capabilities of geographical knowledge and the analytical capacity of modern applied geospatial and contextual analysis tools can substantiate the Doughnut glocalization model for urban planning. At the same time, additional research on critique and the feasibility of applying the Doughnut model can serve as a more reasonable discourse in academic and applied aspects focused on selecting indicators and parameters for the analysis.
THE USE OF RADIOAUTOGRAPHY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR THE LOCALIZATION OF TRITIUM LABEL IN BACTERIA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The localization of DNA labeled with thymidine-H/sup 3/ was studied in Escherichia coli by electron microscopic examination of radioautographs of the cells using a thin film of Kodak V-1055 x-ray emulsion. In this way it was possible to localize the labeled DNA in whole bacteria to regions <1 mu in length and <1/2 mu /sup 2/ in area. When cells of E. coli 15 T/sup -/ were labeled with thymidine and allowed to grow for 3 generations, approximates 1/2 the cells showed radioactivity. Electron micrographs of such radioautographed cells showed the silver, ribbon-like grains, and the bacteria were also clearly visible. It was noted that labeling was present in only half of a cell, in cell regions <1 mu in length. Over 1/3 of the labeled 3rd generation cells showed this particular localization. Approximately 1/3 of the labeled cells showed a concentration of grains in the central region while less than 1/3 showed a random grain pattern. In contrast, fully labeled cells showed a consistently random grain pattern. This demonstration of the localization of each DNA structure in 1/ 2 of the cell supports the view that the chromosomes in E. coli are haploid, 2 in number, and physically separated.more » The results also showed that, by using Kodak V- 1055 emulsion, electron microscopy and radioautography can be simply combined for examining tritium-labeled bacteria. The localization of label to areas of the order of less than 1/2 mu /sup 2/ thus enables the examination of high specific activity, tritium-labeled biologicai preparations. (H.H.D.)« less
Using Potassium Chlorate (KCLO3) to Distinguish Indica-Japonica Hybrids From Indica and Japonica Parents

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Using Potassium Chlorate (KCLO3) to Distinguish Indica-Japonica Hybrids From Indica and Japonica Parents' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
Interaction of a Vacuum Arc with an SF6 Arc in a Hybrid Circuit Breaker during High-Current Interruption

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A hybrid circuit breaker consists of a series connected vacuum- and SF6 interrupter. The vacuum interrupter has the function to withstand very steep rising transient recovery voltages, whereas the SF6 interrupter is stressed with the peak of this voltage. Full scale tests are described of a 145 kV prototype, subjected to short-line faults based on 63 kA. During these tests, current through the breaker and voltages across both interrupters were monitored with a high-resolution measurement system. It is shown that the principal idea works correctly. From measured results, it is demonstrated that the interaction between the two arcs of completely different physical nature has a positive effect on the interruption: immediately before current zero the SF6 arc assists the vacuum arc to interrupt, whereas after current zero the vacuum arc assists the SF6 arc in the withstand of the recovery voltage
Differential flatness-based observer design for a PEM fuel cell using adaptive-gain sliding mode differentiators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a differential flatness-based observer for a PEM fuel cell air-feed system. The proposed observer uses the measurements of supply manifold air pressure and compressor mass flow rate in order to estimate the oxygen partial pressure, nitrogen partial pressure and the compressor speed. An adaptive-gain Second Order Sliding Mode differentiator based on super-twisting algorithm is designed to estimate the time derivatives of the system outputs when the boundary of higher time derivative is unknown. Then, the states are estimated based on these values. The objective is to minimize the number of embedded sensors in order to get a precise and economic solution. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation results obtained from a nonlinear fuel cell system.