jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-276: Farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI)-induced growth inhibition of HRAS-mutant head and neck cancers is enhanced by concurrently inhibiting compensatory upregulation of the ERK-MAPK kinase cascade

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Activating mutations in the HRAS oncogene are present in 5-11% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), but whether mutant HRAS drives HNSCC growth was not known. The clinical candidate FTI, tipifarnib, is currently under investigation in HRAS-mutant HNSCC, but whether patient responses to tipifarnib are due to blocking HRAS membrane association or due to action on another FTI target/s is also unclear. We found that the FTIs tipifarnib and lonafarnib inhibited the growth of HRAS-mutant HNSCC in a target-dependent manner, blocking HRAS farnesylation and membrane association. We also found that genetic depletion of mutant HRAS inhibited the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of HRAS-mutant HNSCC cell lines in vitro and robustly induced apoptosis, indicating HNSCC dependence on mutant HRAS and a correlation between FTI-mediated growth inhibition and blockade of HRAS function. Tumor types driven by other RAS isoforms, such as KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer, are highly dependent on the ERK MAPK effector pathway and are sensitive to pharmacological inhibitors of ERK1/2 (ERKi: SCH772984, BVD-523). In contrast, we found that HRAS-driven HNSCC was resistant to growth inhibition by ERKi alone, despite strong target inhibition as indicated by decreases in pRSK and MYC protein levels. Consistent with this finding, genetic depletion of HRAS not only failed to reduce MAPK signaling but instead caused compensatory upregulation. Similarly, FTI treatment also induced upregulation of MAPK signaling, which is typically growth-promoting. We therefore speculated that the addition of ERKi would enhance responses to FTIs, and indeed found that ERKi synergistically enhanced FTI-mediated apoptosis and growth inhibition. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale for adding ERKi to FTI to improve clinical responses in HRAS-mutant HNSCC, and suggest that monitoring MAPK pathway activation may be a useful marker for emerging FTI resistance in this patient population.Citation Format: Sehrish Javaid, Victoria V. Nguyen, Andrew M. Waters, Craig M. Goodwin, Channing J. Der, Adrienne D. Cox. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI)-induced growth inhibition of HRAS-mutant head and neck cancers is enhanced by concurrently inhibiting compensatory upregulation of the ERK-MAPK kinase cascade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-276.
[P206]: A novel function for the Rb/E2F signaling pathway in regulating neuronal migration during cortical development

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Retinoblastoma (Rb) family proteins are well known as key regulators of neural precursor proliferation, however, their role has been expanded as we have recently described a novel role for Rb in regulating neuronal migration during development. Using cortical slice co-culture assays we identified a cell autonomous requirement for Rb in regulating migration of ventrally derived interneurons in the developing telencephalon. In this study we sought to determine both the Rb interacting factors that mediate the proliferation and migration defects, and the downstream transcriptional targets that regulate neuronal migration. Members of the E2F transcription factor family are likely Rb interacting candidates. In particular, E2F1 and E2F3 are key regulatory targets that we and others have shown to be deregulated in the absence of Rb. We sought to determine the extent to which E2F1 and E2F3 are the interacting partners in Rb mediated neurogenesis using mice deficient for both Rb and E2F1 or E2F3 in the developing telencephalon. Here we report that compound absence of Rb and E2F3 appears to correct many of the proliferation, lamination, and migration defects observed in the Rb mutant. Using microarray based screening methods we have identified candidate E2F responsive genes that are known modulators of neuronal migration. These results so far suggest that Rb interacts through the E2F pathway to regulate neuronal migration during development. This work is supported by a CIHR operating grant to R.S.S. KLF and KAM, are supported by individual awards from CIHR. JLV is supported by an HSFC fellowship.
Clinical application of a rapid and practical procedure of transabdominal ultrasonography for determination of pregnancy and fetal viability in cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

To apply a rapid and practical procedure of transabdominal utlrasonography for determination of pregnancy and fetal viability in cows. The study was carried out on 104 clinical cases of cows. The cows were examined by rectal palpation and transabdominal ultrasonography in a standing position. Results showed that determination of pregnancy and fetal viability were obtained significantly faster using transabdominal ultrasonography than rectal palpation. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of rectal palpation were 67.4%, 84.8% and 48.8% for detection of pregnancy, and 33.3%, 90.4% and 1.9% for determination of fetal viability, respectively. While these three parameters for transabdominal ultrasonography were 100% for both pregnancy and fetal viability determination. The pregnancy diagnosis was very fast at five months of gestation, and a significant negative but rather good correlation (r= −0.707) was observed between the gestation period and the required time for pregnancy diagnosis. The fetal viability was determined easily and fast at four months of gestation, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.32) between the gestation period and the required time for finding the fetal viability. Transabdominal ultrasonography is a reliable procedure for determination of pregnancy and fetal viability especially for cows between fourth and sixth months of gestation.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS; FREQUENCY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS TAKING COMBINATION OF SITAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the frequency of acute pancreatitis in patients takingsitagliptin and metformin. A study conducted on 100 type II diabetic patients. Study design: It isthe descriptive case series study. Setting: It is a single center study conducted in the medicinedepartment of Independent university hospital Faisalabad. Duration of study: From June 2015to December 2015. Material and methods: 100 type II diabetic patients were taken and givencombination of sitagliptin and metformin and observed for 6 months for signs and symptomsof acute pancreatitis. Results: out of 100 patients 39 (39%) were males, 61(61%) were females.Mean age of study population was 44.51±10.22. 13 (13%) were having diabetes of less than 3years duration. 47 (47%) were having diabetes of 4 to 6 years duration, 17 (17%) were havingdiabetes of 7 to 9 years duration and 13 (13%) of the patients were having 13+ years duration.After 6 month of observation 79 (79%) of the patients appear to have symptom of all type ofabdominal pain, 78 (78%) of the patients have had at least one episode of vomiting and 79(79%) patient have had at least one episode of fever. These patient underwent serum amylaseand serum lipase testing but none of them was found to have acute pancreatitis. Conclusions:Combination of sitagliptin and metformin causes gastrointestinal side effects but we found nocase of acute pancreatitis associated with this medicine.
Feasibility of early diagnosis and treatment of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell anaemia--a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute chest syndrome is a serious complication and one of the causes of mortality in sickle cell disease. Twenty eight year old male was admitted in our hospital with fever, severe chest pain and haemolytic crisis. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics, fluids, parenteral analgesics and blood transfusion. Severe hypoxemia developed after 72 hours of hospitalization. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit of our hospital. Oxygen therapy and ionotropic support were initiated. Vital parameters and organ functions returned to normal after treatment.
Environmental Awareness and its Influence on Household Consumption of Goods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The thesis was aimed at investigation of the level of environmental awareness of consumers in the Slovak Republic and its influence on household consumption, production and treatment of household waste. The survey examined the average amount of separated household waste, the average food costs, the level of environmental awareness, the possibilities to separate waste in a household or nearby and other features. The results of the investigation revealed that the average amount of separated waste in a household was just about 50%, despite of the fact that consumers had possibilities for separation in their household. There were used eligible mathematical and statistical methods and the hypothesis testing that confirmed differences between the estimated rate of recycled waste in Slovakia and in households.
Senescence regulation by alcohols in cut flowers of Calendula officinalis L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of alcohols viz., ethanol, methanol and n-butanol at different concentrations not only on the vase life of Calendula officinalis L. cut flowers but also to record changes in metabolites like starch content and amount of sugars, and activities of a-amylase, and antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation. Ethanol as holding solution signifi- cantly increased the vase life as compared to other treat- ments or the control. n-Butanol shortened vase life and caused the flower stem to fold, whereas ethanol and methanol individually delayed drying up and petals dried slowly from their tips. Significant increments in solution uptake, moisture content and flower diameter were noticed with 2 % ethanol followed by 2 % methanol. Cut scapes having 2 % ethanol exhibited maximum amount of starch and considerably lower amount of reducing and non- reducing sugars. This treatment not only brings down the specific activities of a-amylase and peroxidase but also decreases the process of lipid peroxidation. Effectiveness of methanol (2 %) is evident just after ethanol application (2 %). Lowest concentrations of ethanol and methanol also show relatively higher level of SOD activity in cut flowers of Calendula officinalis.
Dithering Between Consultation and Consensus – Whereto with Advisory Bodies for Indigenous Peoples?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The establishment of permanent, national consultative bodies for Indigenous Peoples is rare, but insight can be gained from comparative experiences such as the Sámi Parliament of Finland, previous advisory bodies for Aboriginal People in Australia, and more recently progress by the Khoisan in South Africa. Advisory bodies for Indigenous Peoples at the national level are often the victim of competing expectations. Governments tend to approach advisory bodies as fora for consultation on terms that are, in essence, dictated by government with the outcome being little more than non-binding recommendations, whilst Indigenous Peoples seek a form of co-government arrangement whereby there is some legal or policy requirement for their advice to be actively sought and sincerely considered, even if such advice is not legally binding. Four questions are the subject of this article: (1) how should an advisory body be composed; (2) what should be the policy or functional areas on which consultation must take place; (3) what is meant by an obligation to consult or to negotiate; and (4) can laws or policies be judicially challenged if there was a failure to consult, or if there is a failure to give effect to the advice received from the advisory body? The conclusion is reached that the enforceability of good faith negotiation or consultation obligations is principally found in the conduct and goodwill of governments, rather than by way of judicial review and oversight. Courts are unlikely to evaluate the substance of negotiations whereby the merit or reasonableness of proposals and counter-proposals become a matter for judicial consideration. Courts have, however, shown a greater willingness to consider procedural aspects of consultation such as the actions, behaviour, and conduct of the parties during the course of consultation, but with acknowledgment that at law good faith consultation does not necessarily imply a veto; it does not legally mandate an agreement; and it does not preclude a party standing firm in its position. It is noted that even in those cases where courts have enforced consultation obligations, actual consultation is usually directed at local projects that involve access to traditional lands, and not to general consultative rights or duties at a national level about national socio-economic policies.
DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN BLUE-FRONTED PARROT (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

AbstractLocal anesthetic procedures are commonly used in domestic and wild birds, because of its low cost and fast induction, as long as applied with great precision, which requires specific anatomical knowledge of the site of incision. This study aimed to establish the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus of the Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) by anatomic dissection of the skin and musculature of 22 specimens (17 males and 5 females) from the Wild Animals Screening Center of the Federal District after death by natural causes. The dissection work promoted the isolation of the forming roots of the brachial plexus, as well as its ramifications. The brachial plexus was formed by four trunks, including the ventral spinal cord rami segments from C9 to C10, C10 to C11, C11 to T1 and T1 to T2, which joined into a short common trunk, branched into dorsal and ventral cords. The thin nerves subcoracoideus and subscapularis and the branch to the scapulohumeralis muscle originated from the common trunk. The dorsal cord originated the anconeal, axillaris and radialis nerves, while the ventral cord gave origin for the pectoralis cranialis, pectoralis caudalis, coracobrachialis and medianoulnaris. These branches innervated the muscles of the extensor and flexor compartments of the forelimb, pectoral muscles and overlying skin.
SCIMITAR SYNDROME - A RARE CAUSE OF RECURRENT PNEUMONIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scimitar syndrome is a congenital anomaly characterized by anomalous drainage of the right lung into inferior vena cava. This may be associated with other anomalies in the form of pulmonary hypoplasia, systemic arterial supply of right lung, and congenital heart diseases. We report an infant with recurrent pneumonia who turned out to be a case of scimitar syndrome on further workup. The patient was managed surgically by selective embolization of the artery from celiac trunk to sequestered lung. This case report highlights the fact that scimitar syndrome should be suspected in a patient with recurrent pneumonia with typical chest X-ray findings.
Araliaceous fossil flower from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh, India

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Araliaceous fossil flower belonging to the genus Tetraplasandra Hillebr. is reported from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh. The flower is characterized by its very small size with horny projections on the ovary wall and thallamus.
The Challenge of the Yuck Factor in Public Acceptance of Engineered Living Materials

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Engineered Living Materials (or ELMs) are an emerging class of materials that utilize microorganisms that can either generate their own structure (such as biofilms) or that can be incorporated into synthetic matrices using technologies (such as 3D printing). ELMs can be designed to have multiple functions, such as biosensing, self‐repair, or bioremediation. Such materials have the potential to address a variety of problems related to sustainability, including water security, energy, and health. One major challenge to widescale social acceptance and adoption of these materials is the so‐called yuck factor, or the propensity these materials may have to elicit disgust reactions. This Perspective provides an overview of social science research directed at the yuck factor to identify the drivers and demographics of disgust experiences and to examine how each of these are likely to arise in relation to ELMs. Strategies for overcoming these challenges are also addressed. Finally, areas where future empirical research is needed to better understand disgust toward ELMs, or particular ELM applications, are identified.
Abstract A68: Familial colorectal cancer registry in Hispanics: A feasibility study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: In Puerto Rico (PR), colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the second most common cause of cancer in men and women. Incidence and mortality of CRC are increasing in Puerto Rican Hispanics, especially among young individuals. Screening rates for CRC are lower in Hispanic-American individuals compared to non-Hispanic patients. However, there is limited data on genetic epidemiological CRC disparities in Hispanic patients. Objectives: (1) To prospectively identify and recruit 30 probands with a family history of CRC and 15 family-history negative. (2) To prospectively identify and recruit selected relatives from the 45 probands. Methods: Eligible cases are Hispanic patients with incident diagnosis of CRC, ≥ 21 years old. We identified the probands and their selected family members using the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry from July 1, 2007 to the present. Preliminary data and recruitment: Seven hundred and fifty-one communications were sent to the physicians, three hundred and seventy-four communications were responded (374/751=49.8%). Three hundred and forty-one communications were sent to the patients, one hundred and forty-seven letters were responded (147/341=43.1%) and 16 refused. One hundred and fifty-nine participants (probands and relatives) were enrolled. One-hundred and two probands (mean age 56.9 ± 13.3 yrs., 54.9% male); 30 with and 72 without family history of CRC. At present, we collected 153 (96.2%) risk factors questionnaires, 135 (84.9%) blood samples and 60 (52.6%) blocks of tissue. Successful implementation of logistics for identification of incident CRC through the PR Central Cancer Registry during a three-year period. We established the first Familial CRC island-wide registry in Puerto Rico through the implementation of a network of community physicians, laboratories and professional societies. We are developing a tissue and blood bank with epidemiological, nutritional, and demographic data that will assist us to understand the genetic epidemiology of CRC in Puerto Ricans. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A68.
CSG-Tag: Constraint based Synchronous Grammar Tree Annotation System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The construction of grammars and the acquisition of syntactic structures from corpora are always considered as a time consuming task. Moreover, according to the purpose of the application, different standards have to be defined. In Machine Translation (MT), the situation is even more complicated since it covers two languages. In this paper, CSG-Tag, a Constraint based Synchronous Grammar (CSG) Tree Annotation System is proposed. This system provides a semi-automatic annotation process in the creation of syntactic structure of the source sentence linked with the corresponding target sentential patterns. All learned information are stored in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format and can be converted into grammar rules in application to MT. Moreover, the system has a function to import monolingual skeletal bracketing syntactic tree and Translation Corresponding Tree (TCT) structures in the creation of CSG rules.
Thejidaigekitelevision series: myth, iteration and the domestication of the samurai hero

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract 2011, forty-two years since the popular jidaigeki (period drama) television series Mito Kōmon was first broadcast on Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), would seem an appropriate historical juncture to reassess the cultural significance of the jidaigeki television series in post-war Japan. Many factors influence and determine the production and reception of cultural texts. This article, therefore, focuses on the two aspects of structure and ‘place’, and their relationship to content in the Japanese jidaigeki television series: at the structural level in terms of ‘iteration’ as a defining narrative pattern, and ‘place’ on two levels – first, the consideration of Edo as a time-space configuration of social relations and, second, the location of the television set in the home. Therefore, in this article, the Japanese jidaigeki television genre is being utilized as a methodological tool, to begin an introductory exploration into television's political role in reaffirming and perpetuating basic cultural beliefs and a sense of shared experience through pleasure. This article is also concerned with television's role in the domestic as a medium that reflects an expression of domesticity. Furthermore, through an analysis of the dominant ‘gendered reading formations’ of examples from the genre, I shall demonstrate how social problems related to patriarchal institutions raised by feminism and the changing expectations of women in Japanese society are ritualized in the formulaic structure of the jidaigeki television series.
Preliminary Report on the Leonard Rockshelter Site Pershing County, Nevada

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In september, 1949, while in west central Nevada for the purpose of collecting vegetal materials from the lowermost cultural levels of Lovelock cave (Loud and Harrington, 1929) to be used for radiocarbon dating, the author revisited an open rockshelter site some six miles up the valley from Lovelock cave. The site, since named Leonard rockshelter (site 26- Pe-14) after Zenas Leonard who in 1833 traversed the Humbolt Sink area as a member of the Walker expedition (Leonard, 1904), is not referred to by Loud and Harrington. It is the same site from which, in 1936, Thomas Derby mined bat guano and recovered artifacts described in a brief article (Heizer, 1938). The bat guano formed a layer two to three feet thick lying on ancient gravels of Lake Lahontan and beneath a thick accumulation of aeolian dust and rockfall.
Real-time smooth pursuit tracking for a moving binocular robot

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines the problem of a moving robot tracking a moving object with its cameras, without requiring the ability to recognize the target to distinguish it from distracting surroundings.A novel aspect of the approach taken is the use of controlled camera movements to simplify the visual processing necessary to keep the cameras locked on the target.A gaze holding system implemented on a robot's binocular head demonstrates this approach.Even while the robot is moving, the cameras are able to track an object that rotates and moves in three dimensions.The key observation is that visual fixation can help separate an object of interest from distracting surroundings.Camera vergence produces an horopter (surface of zero stereo disparity) in the scene.Binocular features with no disparity can be extracted with a simple filter, showing the object's location in the image.Similarly, an object that is being tracked will be imaged near the center of the field of view, so spatiallylocalized processing helps concentrate on the target.Instead of requiring a way to recognize the target, the system relies on active control of camera movements and binocular fixation segmentation.