jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Certifiable Estimation with Preconditioned Eigensolvers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Convex (specifically semidefinite) relaxation provides a powerful approach to constructing robust machine perception systems, enabling the recovery of certifiably globally optimal solutions of challenging estimation problems in many practical settings. However, solving the large-scale semidefinite relaxations underpinning this approach remains a formidable computational challenge. A dominant cost in many state-of-the-art (Burer-Monteiro factorization-based) certifiable estimation methods is solution verification (testing the global optimality of a given candidate solution), which entails computing a minimum eigenpair of a certain symmetric certificate matrix. In this letter, we show how to significantly accelerate this verification step, and thereby the overall speed of certifiable estimation methods. First, we show that the certificate matrices arising in the Burer-Monteiro approach generically possess spectra that make the verification problem expensive to solve using standard iterative eigenvalue methods. We then show how to address this challenge using preconditioned eigensolvers; specifically, we design a specialized solution verification algorithm based upon the locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient (LOBPCG) method together with a simple yet highly effective algebraic preconditioner. Experimental evaluation on a variety of simulated and real-world examples shows that our proposed verification scheme is very effective in practice, accelerating solution verification by up to 280x, and the overall Burer-Monteiro method by up to 16x, versus the standard Lanczos method when applied to relaxations derived from large-scale SLAM benchmarks.
Evaluating Physical and Tactical Performance and Their Connection during Female Soccer Matches Using Global Positioning Systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tactical and physical performance during official matches of a women’s soccer league and to correlate both dimensions in periods of 15 min. To do this, eight official matches of a semi-professional soccer team belonging to the Women’s Second Division of Spain (Reto Iberdrola) were analysed during the 2020–2021 season. The variables recorded were classified into two dimensions: tactical variables (i.e., Width, Length, Height and Surface Area) and physical variables (i.e., Total Distance Covered (TD), Total Distance Covered in High-Speed Running (HSR) and Total Distance Covered in Sprint). The main results were: (1) there were no differences between the periods in any of the tactical dimension variables; (2) in the physical dimension, a significant decrease in TD and HSR was described at the end of the match (period 60–75); and (3) some positive correlations were found among some variables of the tactical and physical dimension at the beginning and at the end of the match (periods 0–15, 60–75 and 75–90). The findings of the study suggest that connecting the tactical and physical dimension in the interpretation of team performance would allow for a better understanding of player and team performance and during competition.
Reciprocal Duplication of the Williams-Beuren Syndrome Deletion on Chromosome 7q11.23 Is Associated with Schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated as susceptibility factors for schizophrenia (SZ). Some of these same CNV also increase risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), suggesting an etiologic overlap between these conditions. Recently, de novo duplications of a region on chromosome 7q11.23 were associated with ASD. The reciprocal deletion of this region causes Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS).
Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The generic status of Winitia Chaowasku (Annonaceae Juss., Miliuseae Hook.f. & Thomson) is reaffirmed by an extensive phylogenetic reconstruction using seven plastome regions (matK, ndhF, rbcL, ycf1 exons; trnL intron; psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF intergenic spacers) and including, among others, seven accessions of Winitia plus two accessions of its sister group, Stelechocarpus Hook.f. & Thomson. The results disclosed a maximally supported clade of Winitia, as well as of Stelechocarpus. The sister relationship of the two genera is still rather poorly supported and the branch uniting them is very short, whereas the branches leading to Winitia and to Stelechocarpus are relatively long, corresponding to their considerable morphological differences. Additionally, in Miliuseae there is a particular indel of eight continuous base pairs in the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer potentially diagnostic for generic discrimination, i.e., members in the same genus possess the same indel structure (absence or presence of a gap), and this indel differentiates Winitia from Stelechocarpus. Winitia cauliflora (Scheff.) Chaowasku appears polyphyletic and Winitia longipes (Craib) Chaowasku & Aongyong comb. nov. based on Stelechocarpus longipes Craib is consequently proposed. Furthermore, our phylogenetic data support a new species, Winitia thailandana Chaowasku & Aongyong sp. nov. from southern Thailand, which is described and illustrated. A key to genera in the sageraeoid clade (Sageraea-Winitia-Stelechocarpus) and a key to the four species of Winitia are provided.
The strong motion seismograph network in western Canada, 1970

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A program to install strong motion seismographs in the active seismic regions in western Canada was initiated in 1961. A total of 14 accelerographs and 48 seismoscopes are now installed along the coast of British Columbia. The seismoscopes and eight of the accelerographs are instruments of United States Coast and Geodetic Survey design manufactured in Canada. The remaining six accelerographs have been purchased in the United States. The strong motion instruments are distributed in buildings on varied geological and local soil formations in a program to determine ground motion and its variation with soil type in the vicinity of earthquake epicentres.
Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone bio-composite hydrogels enriched with clove bud extracts for enhanced wound healing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In contrast to conventional chemical treatments, medicinal plants are more secure and efficient in treating wounds without the risk of adverse effects. Traditional wound dressings have no antibacterial features, and have an inadequate water vapour transmission rate (WVTR). Clove extracts (CE) were developed in this study to make the dressings more effective in humans. The morphological, physical, mechanical, biological, and antibacterial properties of CMC/PVP biocomposite films were explored with different clove extract (CE) concentrations (2 %, 4 %, and 6 %). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations demonstrated the structural relationships involving CMC, PVP, and CE in the reinforced samples. The TGA results validate the CMC/PVP/CE bio-composite hydrogel’s potential for usage in medicinal applications. The developed bio-composite hydrogels showed > 87 % cell viability against Vero cells, were favourable to cell growth, and had a significant zone of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. CMC/PVP/CE (6 %) bio-composite hydrogel enhanced wound healing in albino mice within 12 days, had a WVTR of 2310 g/m2-day and an ESR% of 1712 %. In addition, the results of the histological examination corroborated the observations of faster tissue regeneration, less inflammatory cells, and enhanced vascularity of the surrounding skin. The overall results encourage and show that CMC/PVP/CE (6 %) bio-composite hydrogels have a lot of potential uses in the biomedical field, especially for wound healing.
Colour Symbols in Mari Songs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents a system of colour symbols in Mari folk songs based on the results of a multifold investigation.The research was carried out with the help of a complex technique applied to 2100 songs from different song collections.Mari colour symbols have never before been the object of research.The process of investigation included several steps.The most important of these was the semantic analysis that helped to discern 2000 mentions of four main spectre colours as well as white, black, silver, and golden.Quantitative data evaluation singled out a dominant group by a dichotomous method, applying the principle of simple majority employed in mathematical statistics.The same technique divided the other colour symbols into complementary, auxiliary, and insignificant groups.The results of an investigation into ethnic symbology are also shown graphically.The main reconstructed meanings of colour in the analysed songs denote such emotions as joy, wonder, astonishment, grief, melancholy, some aesthetic ideals, ethical vices, as well as people's character and appearance.
Students Conception of Voltage and Resistance Concepts after Conventional Instruction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of conceptions reached by students' who learnt the concepts of voltage and resistance with the conventional direct instruction. To answer the research questions, descriptive non-experimental research design was used. A two tier test on the concepts of voltage and resistance was administered to 49 physics and chemistry major first year students in Medda Walabu University, Ethiopia. Students' responses to the five items were qualitatively compared to those found in literature for secondary school and university students. The result showed that the conception of students formed at school level about voltage and resistance were not that much affected even by learning the same concepts at advanced levels and with mathematical rigor at university. Besides, the analysis revealed that students hold multiple opposing ideas regarding the same concept, which contradicts the classical conceptual change perspective. Further, the average conception level reached by the students after learning university level physics courses was "partial understanding". Therefore, attending advanced but traditional course would not enhance students' conceptual understanding. Hence, teachers should have to investigate students' conceptions, as a first step, to subsequently design and implement appropriate instructional interventions.
The Officer Corps in Sultan Mahmud II's New Ottoman Army, 1826–39

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On 15 June 1826, after some fierce though brief fighting in the streets of Istanbul, Sultan Mahmud II effectively crushed the last serious Janissary uprising in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Two days later the five-centuries-old Janissary corps, which had long resisted change and modernization, was declared legally abolished. In its place there was to be organized a modern army called the Trained Victorious Muslim Troops ( Muallem Asâkir-i Mansâre-yi Muhammadiye ), or the Victorious ( Mansûre ) for short.
Distributed Intrusion Detection Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer security is defined as the protection of computing systems against threats to confidentiality, integrity and availability. An intrusion is defined as any set of actions that attempt to compromise the integrity, confidentiality or availability of a resource. The process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for sign of intrusions is known as Intrusion Detection System (IDS). A Distributed IDS (DIDS) consists of several IDS over a large network (s), all of which communicate with each other, or with a central server that facilitates advanced network monitoring. In a distributed environment, DIDS are implemented using co-operative intelligent agents distributed across the network(s). This chapter presents a framework for a DIDS comprised of a multi-agent framework with computational intelligent techniques, to reduce the data features to create lightweight detection systems and a hybrid-intelligent system approach to improve detection accuracy.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Computational approaches to identify sites of phosphorylation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to their oftentimes ambiguous nature, phosphopeptide positional isomers can present challenges in bottom-up mass spectrometry-based workflows as search engine scores alone are often not enough to confidently distinguish them. Additional scoring algorithms can remedy this by providing confidence metrics in addition to these search results, reducing ambiguity. Here we describe challenges to interpreting phosphoproteomics data and review several different approaches to determine sites of phosphorylation for both data-dependent and data-independent acquisition-based workflows. Finally, we discuss open questions regarding neutral losses, gas-phase rearrangement, and false localization rate estimation experienced by both types of acquisition workflows and best practices for managing ambiguity in phosphosite determination.
Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to determine uterine blood flow indices by transabdominal Doppler ultrasound in sows (n = 18) under different conditions: (i) sows after estrus detection (day 0, D0); (ii) sows 2 h after artificial insemination (AI), performed 24 h after detection of estrus (day 1, D1); (iii) sows in early diestrus (day 5, D5). Moreover, three different types of seminal doses were used for AI depending on the ejaculate fraction included (F1: doses containing only the rich fraction of the ejaculate; F2: F1 + the transition fraction between rich and poor fractions; F3: F2 and poor fraction). The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in some indices regarding the period of analysis (D0, D1, and D5). Diastolic velocity and mean velocity showed lower values at D5 in comparison with D0 and D1 (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the pulsatility index and the relationship systolic velocity/diastolic velocity indicated higher values at D5 in comparison with D0 and D1 (p < 0.01). No differences were observed regarding the type of seminal dose used in any of the time points analyzed (p > 0.05). Neither insemination per se nor the type of ejaculate fraction used immediately modified the uterine vascularity, but some indices are affected by the stage of the estrus cycle (estrus vs. early diestrus).
Synthesis, α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of 2,4-Thiazolidinedione Derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: 2,4-Thiazolidinedione and its derivatives exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities including antidiabetic, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and aldose reductase inhibitory activities. Keeping in mind the pharmacological potential of 2,4-Thiazolidinedione derivatives as antidiabetic agents, seven arylidene derivatives of 2,4-thiazolidinedione 1(a-g) and four corresponding acetic acid derivatives 2 (a-d) have been synthesized by a three-step procedure. Methods: All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1 HNMR, and 13 CNMR and further screened for their α-amylase inhibitory potential. Results: All the compounds 1(a-g) and 2(a-d) showed varying degree of α-amylase inhibition, especially compound 1c (IC 50 = 6.59μg/ml), 1d (IC 50 =2.03μg/ml) and 1g (IC 50 = 3.14μg/ml) displayed significantly potent α-amylase inhibition as compared to the standard acarbose (IC 50 = 8.26μg/ml). None of the acetic acid derivatives of 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione showed prominent inhibitory activity. Docking results indicated that the best binding conformation was found inside the active site cleft of enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of carbohydrates. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives can be used as effective lead molecules for the development of α-amylase inhibitors for the management of diabetes.
Rectal Flumazenil to Reverse Midazolam Sedation in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: Because pediatric patients may not have an intravenous line, midazolam has been given rectally to sedate these children. Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, has not been studied widely in children [1-3]. Here we report our experience in six patients who received rectal flumazenil to reverse the sedative effects of midazolam. The children we treated were seen as outpatients and were very sedated after midazolam administration Table 1. Midazolam was given rectally in Patients 1 through 5 and sublingually in Patient 6. They did not have an intravenous line. Patients 1, 5, and 6 were also given a 50% nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture for analgesia. These patients were unfortunately sedated to a level deeper than we expected. Flumazenil was given by the rectal route between 25 and 85 min after midazolam administration Table 1. The drug was given undiluted and administration was performed using a short, air-washed cannula. All patients were observed for 150 min after arousal and no resedations were noted. There were no changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, or arterial blood pressure, nor were there any signs of local intolerance.Table 1: Patient Characteristics and Reactions to Rectal Flumazenil to Reverse Midazolam SedationIn conclusion, we have observed that rectal flumazenil was effective for the complete reversal of midazolam-induced sedation in six children and was not associated with changes in cardiorespiratory variables. Ricardo Carbajal, MD Nicolas Simon, MD Philippe Blanc, MD Alain Paupe, MD Richard Lenclen, MD Marie Oliver-Martin, MD Departments of Emergency and Pediatrics Poissy Hospital 78300 Poissy, France
The digital divide in Irish schools: Should we be worried?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Part of the rationale for the use of ICT in schools is the need to ensure that some sectors of society are not placed at an advantage as a result of unequal access to ICT. Taking this rationale as its starting point, this paper examines the patterns of equipment, access and use of ICT in Irish schools. The paper draws on data from two census surveys of ICT in Irish schools, conducted in 1998 and 2000. Patterns emerging from the data suggest that the young people most at risk of falling on the wrong side of the digital divide may be in relatively well‐equipped schools. However, there remain patterns of access and type of use that give rise to cause for concern.
A study of subharmonic injection locking for local oscillators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of a subharmonic injection locked local oscillator introduced here is based on a general nonlinear input-output model for the subharmonic synchronized oscillator. The results show the nth-order subharmonic injection locking oscillator is locked primarily by the nth harmonic output of an injected signal that is generated by the current-voltage nonlinearity of the active device. The measurement of subharmonic injection locking range, at factors of 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4, of a MESFET DRO (dielectric resonator oscillator) verified these results.< >
Ventricular outputs, central blood flow distribution and flow pattern through the aortic isthmus of fetuses with simple transposition of the great arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Our objective was to determine the impact of simple transposition of the great arteries ( TGA ) on fetal left ventricular ( LV ) and right ventricular ( RV ) performances and central circulatory dynamics including the aortic isthmus. Material and methods Ventricular stroke volumes were calculated as the product of the cross‐sectional area of the corresponding semi‐lunar valve and the flow velocity integral through these valves. Volume flow in ductus arteriosus ( Q DA ) was evaluated using the same technique. Flow through the lungs ( Q LUNGS ) was calculated by subtracting net Q DA from flow in main pulmonary artery [ net Q DA = Q DA minus retrograde ductus arteriosus ( DA ) diastolic flow]. Relative performance of each ventricle expressed as percentage of combined cardiac output was also indirectly assessed by the aortic isthmus systolic index ( ISI ) (nadir of incisura/peak systolic of the Doppler waveforms in the isthmus); the relation between ISI and Q LUNGS was investigated. Results Fifty‐one fetuses with TGA were compared with 74 normal controls matched for gestational age. TGA fetuses had higher Q LV at T2 (58.6 ± 9.4% vs. 43.4 ± 5.0%, p < 0.001) and T3 (53.7 ± 8.9% vs. 43.9 ± 5.7%, p < 0.001). Q LUNGS was higher in fetuses with TGA , in the second (50.4 ± 16.3% vs. 39.0 ± 16.8%, p = 0.007) and third trimesters of gestation (52.8 ± 22.0% vs. 37.1 ± 16.3%, p = 0.005). No difference was found between ISI values from normal and TGA groups. A significant inverse correlation was observed between ISI and Q LUNGS ( r = −0.55, p = 0.006). Conclusions Central distribution of combined cardiac output of fetuses with simple TGA is characterized by a greater Q LUNGS leading to a dominant LV . In prenatal TGA , changes in Q LUNGS could be monitored by measuring ISI . The clinical importance of this last observation deserves further investigations.
TEACHING STYLES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF DIMENSIONS AND EFFECTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT An exploratory model of teaching behavior as a role contract is proposed. The model consists of three subject strategies–the didactic, generalist, and researcher strategies, and the dimensions of student response, ambiguity, and warmth. Indices designed to measure the dimensions in the model were developed and related to various criteria in a large sample of two‐year colleges and students. These criteria included faculty ratings, students' sense of progress, satisfaction, and college achievements. The indices were related to these criteria in plausible ways, the generalist, researcher, and warmth indices typically having positive relations, and ambiguity having negative relations.
The Relationship Between Alfentanil Distribution Kinetics and Cardiac Output

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The relationship between cardiac output and the tissue distribution of alfentanil was investigated in seven healthy volunteers. Subjects were given 10 µg/kg alfentanil and 0.5 mg/kg indocyanine green. Arterial blood samples were obtained at baseline, 1 minute, every ½ minute until 5 minutes, and then every minute until 15 minutes after the drug injection was begun. Subsequent samples were collected to 6 hours. Cardiac output was measured continuously by use of thoracic bioimpedance. Alfentanil pharmacokinetics were modeled with both a standard three-compartment model and a four-compartmental model based in part on the two-compartmental pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green. The sum of intercompartmental clearances for both the three- and four-compartment models were significantly correlated with the measured cardiac outputs, r = 0.93 and r = 0.88, respectively. These findings indicate that the intercompartmental clearance (i.e., tissue distribution) of alfentanil is largely determined by cardiac output (i.e., tissue blood flow).

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1992) 52, 190–196; doi:10.1038/clpt.1992.129