jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Omphalocele and Cardiac Abnormalities—The Importance of the Association

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Omphalocele is the most common ventral abdominal wall defect. Omphalocele is associated with other significant anomalies in up to 80% of cases, among which the cardiac ones are the most frequent. The aim of our paper is to highlight, through a review of the literature, the importance and frequency of association between the two malformations and what impact this association has on the management and evolution of patients with these pathologies. We reviewed the titles, the available abstracts, and the full texts of 244 papers from the last 23 years, from three medical databases, to extract data for our review. Due to the frequent association of the two malformations and the unfavorable effect of the major cardiac anomaly on the prognosis of the newborn, the electrocardiogram and echocardiography must be included in the first postnatal investigations. The timing of surgery for abdominal wall defect closure is mostly dictated by the cardiac defect severity, and usually the cardiac defect takes priority. After the cardiac defect is medically stabilized or surgically repaired, the omphalocele reduction and closure of the abdominal defect are performed in a more controlled setting, with improved outcomes. Compared to omphalocele patients without cardiac defects, children with this association are more likely to experience prolonged hospitalizations, neurologic, and cognitive impairments. Major cardiac abnormalities such as structural defects that require surgical treatment or result in developmental delay will significantly increase the death rate of patients with omphalocele. In conclusion, the prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and early detection of other associated structural or chromosomal anomalies are of overwhelming importance, contributing to the establishment of antenatal and postnatal prognosis.
Heart, Mind and Body: #NoMorePage3 and the Replenishment of Emotional Energy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Emotional energy is key to disruptive institutional work, but we still know little about what it is, and importantly, how it is refuelled. This empirical paper presents an in-depth case study of ‘No More Page 3’ (#NMP3), an Internet-based feminist organization which fought for the removal of sexualized images of women from a UK newspaper. Facing online misogyny, actors engage in ‘emotional energy replenishment’ to sustain this disruptive institutional work amid emotional highs and lows. We introduce ‘affective embodiment’ – the corporeal and emotional experiences of the institution – as providing emotional energy in relation to disruptive institutional work. Affective embodiment is surfaced through alignment or misalignment with others’ embodied experiences, and this mediates how actors replenish emotional energy. Alignment with others’ embodied experiences, often connected to online abuse, means emotional energy is replenished through ‘affective solidarity’ (movement towards the collective). Misalignment, surfaced through tensions within the movement, means actors seek replenishment through ‘sensory retreat’ (movement away from the collective). This study contributes to theorization on institutional work and emotional energy by recentring the importance of the body alongside emotions, as well as offering important lessons for online organizing.
Surveying UK sheep farmers’ vaccination techniques and the impact of vaccination training

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Vaccines are commonly used in sheep farming. However, compliance with vaccination protocols and subsequent suboptimal vaccination techniques are concerns in the industry. Methods An online survey containing 31 questions encompassing vaccination storage, technique and training was distributed to UK sheep farmers. Respondents were asked to mark on a sheep diagram where they would administer intramuscular (IM), intradermal, and subcutaneous (SC) vaccines. Results Of 370 respondents, only 26.1% identified the correct location for SC, 38.0% for intradermal, and 7.7% for IM vaccination. Almost half (45.5%) stored their vaccines in a fridge specific to veterinary medicines, only 33.9% used a temperature logger, and 6.4% checked their fridge temperature daily. Almost half (45.5%) kept their vaccines 48 hours or longer after broaching, and 11.1% kept them until the next time. Significantly more respondents who had received training correctly identified the location for IM vaccination ( p < 0.01). However, training had no significant influence on the the correct identification of the other vaccination sites, vaccine storage or administration. Conclusion Suboptimal vaccination techniques are not due to unwillingness to learn; 83.8% responded that they would consider taking a course to improve their use. However, the majority (73.9%) were unaware of the training courses available. Therefore, the industry needs to respond and promote courses.
Subunit Structure of the Methionine‐Repressible Aspartokinase II–Homoserine Dehydrogenase II from Escherichia coli K12

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The quaternary structure of Escherichia coli K 12 aspartokinase II–homoserine dehydrogenase II has been examined. This multifunctional protein has a molecular weight M r = 176000. It is composed of two subunits having the same molecular weight and the same charge. The results obtained from the examination of tryptic maps, the number and amino acid composition of cysteine‐containing peptides and the uniqueness of the N‐terminal sequence, strongly suggest that the 2 subunits are identical. The properties of aspartokinase II–homoserine dehydrogenase II can be compared to those of the much better known protein aspartokinase I–homoserine dehydrogenase I.
The effect of online political deliberation on the effectiveness of government response

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Following Hovland’s persuasion theory, this paper aims to develop a conceptual model and analyzes characteristics of online political deliberation behavior from three aspects (i.e. information, situation and manager). Based on the whole interactive process of online political deliberation, this paper aims to reveal the key points that affect the response effect of the government from the persuasive perspective of online political consultation. Design/methodology/approach Based on more than 40,000 netizens’ posts and government responses from 2011 to the first half of 2019 of the Chinese political platform, this paper used the text analysis and machine learning methods to extract measurement variables of online political deliberation characteristics and the econometrics analysis method to conduct empirical research. Findings The results showed that the textual information, political environment and identity of the political objects affect the effectiveness of government response. Furthermore, for different position categories of political officials, the length of political texts, topic categories and emotional tendencies have different effects on the response effectiveness. Additionally, the effect of political time on the effectiveness of response differs. Originality/value The findings will help ascertain the characteristics of online political deliberation behavior that affect how effective government response is and provide a theoretical basis for why the public should express their political concerns.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemically Controlled Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Oxathianes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cryptographically-Generated Virtual Credit Card Number for Secure Card-Not-Present Transactions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Card-Not-Present (CNP) transactions taking place remotely over the Internet are becoming more prevalent.Cardholder authentication should be provided to prevent the CNP fraud resulting from the theft of stored credit card numbers.To address the security problems associated with CNP transactions, the use of a virtual card number derived from the transaction details for the payment has been proposed, instead of the real card number.Since all of the virtual card number schemes proposed so far are based on a password shared between the cardholder and card issuer, transaction disputes due to the malicious behavior of one of the parties involved in the transaction cannot be resolved.In this paper, a new virtual card number scheme is proposed, which is associated with the cardholder's public key for signature verification.It provides strong cardholder authentication and non-repudiation of the transaction without deploying a public-key infrastructure, so that the transaction dispute can be easily resolved.The proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of its security and usability, and compared with the previously proposed schemes.
The Economic Performance of Logistical Processes in Polish Production Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to present the issue of the economic performance of logistical processes and the results of own research on their calculation in Polish manufacturing companies. Approach/Methodology/Design: The undertaken research issues and the set goal determined the choice of research methods, such as critical literature review, questionnaire research of Polish production companies, analysis and synthesis methods. Findings: A reliable system for measuring the economic performance of the company's logistical processes and the valuation of individual types of resources is undoubtedly a condition for the success of a manufacturing company's policy. Practical Implications: It was established that for each type of resource (logistics infrastructure, material and financial resources and human capital) there is a significant dependence of its valuation depending on the calculation of the economic performance of logistical processes.The results can be used to develop a long-term strategy on the development of Polish production companies. Originality/Value: The proposed solutions are to contribute to the development of Polish production companies.
Receptor Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

gas als, receptors. are re ter fu signalling system represents a good example of co-evolution of neuropeptides and their receptors. In this review, we overviewed the CCK(-like) peptides and CCK(-like) receptors in a comparative way. First, the homology of CCK(-like) peptides was discussed based on their sequence and functions. Second, the CCK(-like) receptors were compared at levels of molecular structure and phy-logenetic analysis as well as their ligand specificity. In addition, the ng and biological pend upon their Ks are exp 3 and 8 re each containing a sulfated tyrosine residue (Eysselein et al., Gastrins are processed to mature products with 34 and 17 acid residues in length (Dockray et al., 2001). The identity sequence necessary for biological activity suggests that CCK and gastrin have evolved from a common ancestor (Dockray, 1977; Larsson and Rehfeld, 1977), which is mainly based on informa-tion obtained by immunochemical methods and comparative
Further advances in diagnosis of adrenal cancer: a high-throughput urinary steroid profiling method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Differentiating adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) from adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) represents a continuous challenge in patients with (often incidentally discovered) adrenal masses, with unfavorable sensitivities and specificities provided by tumor size, imaging and even histology. We have previously developed urine steroid metabolomics as a tool for the detection of adrenal malignancy employing gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection of 32 distinct steroid metabolites (JCEM2011; 96 (12): 3775–84). Using the most informative nine steroids, as determined by machine learning analysis, this method can diagnose ACC with superior sensitivity and specificity to currently used imaging modalities. However, GC-MS is a labor-intensive, relatively expensive and low throughput method. Methods: Here we developed a high-throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method capable of detecting 16 distinct steroid metabolites in a single 5 min run. This method was validated assessing linearity, sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and matrix effects. We collected 24-h urine samples from 130 healthy controls, 294 ACA and 96 ACC patients and analysed steroid excretion both by GC-MS and the novel LC-MS/MS method. Results: Comparison of steroid analysis results showed very good correlation between the two methods. LC-MS/MS data revealed significant differences in steroid output between ACC and ACA, with 13 of the 16 measured steroids significantly increased in ACC. Steroid data were subjected to Matrix Relevance Learning Vector Quantization, which identified for both methods the same three steroids as most informative in detecting ACC. These were THS, 5-PD and 5-PT, the metabolites of 11-deoxycortisol, pregnenolone and 17OH-pregnenolone, respectively. Importantly, we could demonstrate very similar diagnostic performances of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS when using 16 steroids. Conclusion: This work represents an important step in the implementation of urine steroid metabolomics in the routine work-up of adrenal incidentalomas. We anticipate LC-MS/MS screening in all patients, followed by GC-MS confirmatory analysis of samples with a positive screening result.
Perceptions and Realities of Violence in Medellín, Colombia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Latin America is one of the most violent regions in the world, and this is particularly evident in its many cities. While urban violence scholars and policymakers generally rely on homicide rates to measure levels of violence in urban environments, these objective indicators often do not capture its realities. By drawing from over six months of fieldwork in the Latin American city of Medellín, Colombia, this paper shows how Medellín has experienced a significant reduction in homicides, but both real and perceived violence continues to have a significant effect on residents’ lives. The article contributes to the urban violence debate by highlighting its complexity in Latin America and how it is not fully quantifiable. The article has been kindly translated into Spanish by the author and can be viewed in both English and Spanish
System thinking development at social studies in 4th grade

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

System thinking development is becoming a more and more important and realisable task of our school system. The experts are not united about the best way with which the most appropriate thinking abilities could be reached. There are several kinds of thinking, one of them is system thinking. This is the abillity of understanding complex systems, their components and relationships among them. When this is connected to the systems around us, it can be also called ecosystem thinking. \nIn master's thesis, we did a research based on ten lessons we had with twenty-one students of the fourth grade. We evaluated the development and the level of system thinking at geography lesson, topics being Economy. The level of system thinking and its development was observed and evaluated with the system thinking hierarchical (STH) model which was implemented by action research. \nEconomy, which is a complex system, was introduced to students with the help of five different topics during two lessons, all of them connected with other components of the system. Students were divided into groups. In the end of the lesson each group of students had to form and complete the concept map about economy. They also had to add the important concepts and connections they came upon during the lessons. \nAfter the lessons a half-structured interview was carried out with the classteacher, who had observed and evaluated the whole process during the lessons on economy. \nThe quantitative and qualitative approach as well as a descriptive method were used in this action research. \nFindings of the research show that the research should be done again with very accurate checking of students' prior knowledge of system thinking. Due to incomplete data the initial and final levels of the system thinking, as well as students' development of system thinking, cannot be determined. Teachers could benefit from findings of this new and upgraded research and become more aware of various kinds of thinking students develop while learning. Teachers could also search for new ways of developing the systems thinking and complex systems. \n
Inhibiting Inosine Hydrolase and Alanine Racemase to Enhance the Germination of Bacillus anthracis Sterne Spores: Potential Spore Decontamination Strategies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Interest in context of novel decontamination strategies Increase of the germination rate induce: By inhibiting Air and lunH separately. By inhibiting the both concommitantly (iunH mutant spores positively affected by the block of Air). Better understanding and manipulating spore germination. Induction of the transition from highly resistant ungerminated spores to much more susceptible and less virulent germinated spores. Strengthens the early work published in 2013 and 2014 showing that spore germination rates are augmented potentially improving decontamination strategies.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Patients with active and severe RA (disease duration <8 years) were recruited into a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Doses of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or oral corticosteroids (≤10 mg prednisolone daily) remained constant throughout the study. Any disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs that were being administered were discontinued at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment. Patients were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups: placebo or a single, self-administered subcutaneous injection of IL-1Ra at a daily dose of 30 mg, 75 mg, or 150 mg. Results A total of 472 patients were recruited. At enrollment, the mean age, sex ratio, disease duration, and percentage of patients with rheumatoid factor and erosions were similar in the 4 treatment groups. The clinical parameters of disease activity were similar in each treatment group and were consistent with active and severe RA. At 24 weeks, of the patients who received 150 mg/day IL-1Ra, 43% met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for response (the primary efficacy measure), 44% met the Paulus criteria, and statistically significant improvements were seen in the number of swollen joints, number of tender joints, investigator's assessment of disease activity, patient's assessment of disease activity, pain score on a visual analog scale, duration of morning stiffness, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, C-reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In addition, the rate of radiologic progression in the patients receiving IL-1Ra was significantly less than in the placebo group at 24 weeks, as evidenced by the Larsen score and the erosive joint count. IL-1Ra was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were observed. An injection-site reaction was the most frequently observed adverse event, and this resulted in a 5% rate of withdrawal from the study among those receiving IL-1Ra at 150 mg/day. Conclusion This study confirmed both the efficacy and the safety of IL-1Ra in a large cohort of patients with active and severe RA. IL-1Ra is the first biologic agent to demonstrate a beneficial effect on the rate of joint erosion.
Attitudes toward Animals: The Effect of Priming Thoughts of Human-Animal Similarities and Mortality Salience on the Evaluation of Companion Animals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Human attitudes toward nonhuman animals are complex and quite contradictory. They can range between extremely negative (animal cruelty) to positive (treating companion animals like human surrogates). Attitudes toward animals are especially negative when people think about human creatureliness and personal mortality. This paper investigates people's attitudes toward highly valued animals (companion animals). The research presented here tested whether companion-animal caregivers would respond to reminders of human creatureliness and mortality salience (MS) with more negative attitudes toward pets. Participants completed an online survey in which MS and human-creatureliness conditions were manipulated. Results showed that, under MS, even pet owners responded to reminders of human creatureliness with less positive attitudes toward the average pet. Thus, the effects observed in previous research extend to more popular animals, even among people with presumably positive attitudes toward animals.
A robust test for serial correlation in panel data models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a new nonparametric test for serial correlation of unknown form in the estimated residuals of a panel regression model, where individual and time effects can be fixed or random, and the panel data can be balanced or unbalanced. Our test is robust against potential weak error cross-sectional dependence and error serial dependence in higher-order moments. This is in contrast to existing tests for serial correlation in panel data models, which assume error components to be cross-sectionally and serially independent. Our test has an asymptotic N(0, 1) distribution under the null hypothesis and is consistent against serial correlation of unknown form. No common alternative is assumed and hence our test allows for substantial inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals. A simulation study highlights the merits of the proposed test relative to a variety of existing tests in the literature. We apply the new test to the empirical study of Wolfers on the relationship between unilateral divorce laws and divorce rates and find strong evidence against serial uncorrelatedness even controlling for the fixed effect.
Between Peking and Moscow

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Replying recently to an allegation that his party was 'pro-Moscow', the secretary general of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (Communist Party of the Philippines — PKP), Felicisimo C. Macapagal rejected that particular characterisation. He emphasised instead that the PKP is an 'independent' Filipino party and does not take orders from Moscow. He added, however, that the PKP has supported the Soviet point of view, because the USSR 'has consistently taken a progressive and principled position' on various world issues, in contrast to the position of the Chinese Communist Party which, according to Macapagal, not only has a 'chauvinistic and pro-imperialist' point of view, but, indeed, allegedly has attempted to interfere in the affairs of 'fraternal parties', including in the Philippines.1