jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transactions at an Undervalue (Insolvency Act 1986, Sections 238 and 339)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sections 238 (corporate insolvency) and 339 (bankruptcy) target gifts, transfers for no or insufficient consideration, and transactions with a gift element entered into by the debtor on the eve of insolvency, to the detriment of creditors. The sections themselves are relatively straightforward in operation. The main conditions for challenging a transaction are that (a) the debtor either received no consideration or received consideration of a value significantly less than the consideration he gave (in bankruptcy the section also operates where a transaction has been entered in consideration of marriage); and (b) the transaction must have been entered into at a ‘relevant time’ which consists of two elements: the transaction must have taken place within a particular time period occurring immediately prior to insolvency, and it must also be established that the transacting party was insolvent at the time of the transaction or as a result of it. In corporate insolvency cases, a defence is available where the transaction was entered into in the reasonable belief that it would benefit the company. The simplicity of these provisions makes them a powerful weapon for office holders, as does the fact that the burden of proof shifts in favour of the officeholder where
The dietary supplement efficiency of essential oil of chive (Allium macrostemon) on the productivity and health performance of broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment was conducted to study on the effect of chive essential oil (Allium macrostemon) (CEO) on the production and health of broilers. One-day old roosters (Ross 308) were allocated to 4 treatments with 3 replications (10 birds/replication). The experiment consisted of control group (CT) with a basal diet and T1, T2 and T3 groups with the supplement in the basal diet by levels of CEO at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg respectively. In general, boilers supplemented with CEO had the better FCR compared to the CT. However, broilers in T2 group (300 mg/kg) showed the highest efficiency in terms of weight gain, FCR and PEI. In addition, the use of CEO in T2 and T3 group tended to reduce the incidence of respiratory and diarrhea syndrome in broilers by more than 50% of cases. It can be concluded that the supplement of CEO at the level of 300 mg/kg in the diet had improved the productive and health performance and may be a viable alternative to growth promoter in broiler production.
Preference of Quinoa Moth: Eurysacca Melanocampta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) for Two Varieties of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Olfactometry Assays

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insects are attracted to plants by visual and olfactory cues. The\nquinoa moth, Eurysacca melanocampta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae),\nis the main insect pest of the quinoa crop, Chenopodium quinoa Willd.\n(Chenopodiales: Chenopodiaceae), in the southern Peruvian Andes,\ncausing grain yield losses. The aim of this study was to investigate\nthe behavioural response of adult quinoa moths to olfactory stimuli.\nSpecifically, the objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the\ncapacity of E. melanocampta adults of searching for quinoa plants using\nplant olfactory cues; 2) to determine the preference of E. melanocampta\nfemales for the odours derived from two varieties of quinoa: Amarilla\nde Marangani and Blanca de Junín; and 3) to assess the attraction\nof male quinoa moths to E. melanocampta females and the host plant in\nolfactometric bioassays. Adults preferred quinoa plant odour sources in\nchoice tests when distilled water was used as a control (P <\n0.0001). Females were more attracted to the Blanca de Junín\nvariety than to Amarilla de Marangani variety (P < 0.05). Males were\nmore attracted to the odour derived from females than to the volatile\ncompounds from plants (both varieties) or to the odour blend derived\nfrom plants plus females together. The level of attraction of males\ntowards females is negatively affected by the presence of the quinoa\nplants.
Digital Media in Archaeological Areas, Virtual Reality, Authenticity and Hyper-Tourist Gaze

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Bachia didactyla sp. nov., in Midwestern Brazil. Black star: type locality, Sapezal municipality, state of Mato Grosso. Black dot: Vilhena municipality, state of Rondônia, from which some paratypes were obtained. Dark gray: federal protected areas. Gray: Amazon Rainforest. Light gray: Cerrado biome, mostly covered by open, savannah-like vegetation. White: Pantanal wetlands.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in T3 bladder cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hazards of epilepsy SIR,-I was interested to read your leading article on this subject (3 June, p 1436), especially that section in which you state that "from the infrequency of reports of death during sleep apparently due to suffocation during a fit the hazard may be presumed rare-especially in comparison with the frequency of nocturnal fits in children.Even so, substitution of a firm pillow might be a wise safeguard."This statement is certainly contrary to the conclusions drawn by my colleague Dr H J A Longmore and myself in 1970, when three patients with grand mal epilepsy who had died by suffocation in their pillow were reported.'This article stimulated the reply from Dr C Worster-Drought2 on which was based the comment referred to above.Dr Worster-Drought had, during his 45 years as a neurologist in Harley Street, seen no such cases and considered them uncommon.
The existence of a quaternary continuous classical optimal control controlled quaternary nonlinear elliptic equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned by studding the continuous classical quaternary optimal control vector controlled with quaternary nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. It deals with the mathematical formulation for the problem, including the quaternary nonlinear system, and the cost functional of the state - control vectors. The theorem of existence unique state quaternary vector solution of the weak form for the quaternary nonlinear elliptic system is stated and demonstrated through employing Minty-Browder theorem's, with given continuous classical quaternary control vector. The Lipschitz continuous operator between the continuous classical quaternary control vector and its conforming quaternary state vector solution is proved. State and proof for the theorem of existence a continuous classical quaternary optimal control vector of the constrained problem under suitable hypotheses through employing the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem
In the Memory of Mohammad Hanifi, a Prominent Expert on the Plague in the Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to the human plague epidemic in some regions of Kurdistan in 1947, research teams of the Pasteur Institute of Iran were sent to these regions for studies. Such studies are still ongoing. Mr. Mohammad Hanifi caught plague during its epidemic, and most of his relatives died of the disease. He began his official collaboration with research teams of the PII in diagnosing and controlling plague reservoir rodents in 1959, and it lasted until his death in 2015. In addition to plague, Hanifi conducted a great number of studies on other diseases such as relapsing fever, rabies and cholera. During his lifetime, he also suffered from plague and relapsing fever but he healed. The present paper reviewed his lasting activities during his work in the Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII).
THEOLOGY OF PEACE BASED ON RELIGIOUS HARMONY IN ASGHAR ALI ENGINEER’S PERSPECTIVE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article will explore Asghar Ali Engineer’s ideas on the significance of religious harmony and examine how this concept is manifested through his formulated theology of peace. The research method used in this study is literature review with a philosophical approach using hermeneutic and text analysis techniques through verstehen. The results of this study explain that the theology of peace sees religion as a source of values and spirit that encourage humans to live together in peace and harmony. Asghar Ali Engineer suggests that Muslims prioritize the principles of peace, such as the understanding of Islam, the meaning of jihād, movement, and the application of justice. In addition, according to Asghar Ali’s perspective, Muslims must cultivate values that can realize religious harmony and peace, such as anti-violence, justice, truth, tolerance, love, and compassion.
Trade Shocks and Labor Adjustment: A Structural Empirical Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The welfare effects of trade shocks turn on the nature and magnitude of the costs workers face in moving between sectors. Using an Euler-type equilibrium condition derived from a rational expectations model of dynamic labor adjustment, we estimate the mean and variance of workers' switching costs from the US CPS. We estimate high values of both parameters, implying slow adjustment of the economy and sharp movements in wages in response to trade shocks. However, import-competing workers can still benefit from tariff removal; liberalization lowers their wages in the short and long run but raises their option value. (JEL E24, F13, F16)
Diagnoza wybranych elementów kompetencji gramatycznej maturzystów w wypowiedzi pisemnej

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is no secret that productive skills, regardless of the educational stage, present the most challenges to the learners of a foreign language. The practical use of specific structures in speech or writing is closely associated with the act of communication. The following article aims to analyze mistakes in the use of verbs based on written statements in the German language in the basic-level high school leaving exam. The research material consists of papers from high school graduates in the Warmia and Mazury and Podlaskie Voivodeships in the 2022/2023 school year. The low results achieved by graduates in the correct use of grammatical elements within written statements should encourage teachers and examiners to reflect on the reasons for this situation, especially considering similar results in the national report, which includes data from other regions. The empirical part of this article is preceded by a theoretical discussion related to the definition of grammar, its significance in foreign language education, as well as its place among other language skills, considering the communicative and task-based approach. The articles conclusion provides a description of strategies and techniques for effective development of grammar competence. The discourse takes on a research and review character.
Spectral Super-Resolution in Frequency Domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spectral super-resolution aims to reconstruct a hyperspectral image (HSI) from its corresponding RGB image, which has drawn much more attention in remote sensing field. Recent advances in the application of deep learning models for spectral super-resolution have demonstrated great potential. However, these methods only work in spectral-spatial domain while rarely explore the potential property in the frequency domain. In this work, we first attempt to address spectral super-resolution in the frequency domain. To well merge the frequency information into the super-resolution network, a spectral-spatial-frequency domain fusion network (SSFDF) is designed, which consists of three key parts: frequency-domain feature learning, spectral-spatial domain feature learning, and feature fusion module. In more detail, a frequency-domain feature learning network is first exploited to dig the frequency-domain information of the input data. Then, a symmetric convolutional neural network (CNN) is developed to acquire the spectral-spatial features of the input data, where a parameter-sharing strategy is utilized to reduce network parameters. Finally, a feature fusion module is proposed to reconstruct HSI. Comprehensive experiments on several datasets reveal that our method can attain state-of-the-art reconstruction result with respect to other spectral super-resolution techniques.
Construction of a flagellum-negative mutant of Proteus mirabilis: effect on internalization by human renal epithelial cells and virulence in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

To examine the role of flagella in pathogenesis of urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis, we constructed a nonmotile, nonswarming flagellum mutant of strain WPM111 (an hpmA hemolysin mutant of strain BA6163, chosen because of its lack of in vitro cytotoxicity in renal epithelial cell internalization studies). A nonpolar mutation was introduced into the flaD gene, which encodes the flagellar cap protein. This mutation does not affect the synthesis of flagellin but rather prevents the assembly of an intact flagellar filament. In in vitro assays, the genetically characterized nonmotile mutant was found to be internalized by cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in numbers less than 1% of those of the flagellated parent strain. Internalization of the nonmotile mutant was increased significantly (14- to 21-fold) by centrifugation onto the monolayer. To assess virulence in vivo, CBA mice were challenged transurethrally with 10(7) CFU of P. mirabilis BA6163 (wild type) (n = 16), WPM111 (hpmA mutant) (n = 46), or BB2401 (hmpA flaD mutant) (n = 46). Differences in quantitative cultures between the parent strain and the hemolysin-negative mutant were not significant. However, the hpmA flaD mutant was recovered in numbers approximately 100-fold lower than those of the hmpA mutant or the wild-type parent strain and thus was clearly attenuated. We conclude that while hemolysin does not significantly influence virulence, flagella contribute significantly to the ability of P. mirabilis to colonize the urinary tract and cause acute pyelonephritis in an experimental model of ascending urinary tract infection.
Topology and dynamics of an artificial genetic regulatory network model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This thesis presents some of the methods of studying models of regulatory networks \nusing mathematical and computational formalisms. A basic review of the \nbiology behind gene regulation is introduced along with the formalisms used for modelling \nnetworks of such regulatory interactions. Topological measures of large-scale \ncomplex networks are discussed and then applied to a specific artificial regulatory network \nmodel created through a duplication and divergence mechanism. Such networks \nshare topological features with natural transcriptional regulatory networks. Thus, it \nmay be the case that the topologies inherent in natural networks may be primarily \ndue to their method of creation rather than being exclusively shaped by subsequent \nevolution under selection. \nThe evolvability of the dynamics of these networks are also examined by evolving \nnetworks in simulation to obtain three simple types of output dynamics. The networks \nobtained from this process show a wide variety of topologies and numbers of genes \nindicating that it is relatively easy to evolve these classes of dynamics in this model.
Congenital Dislocation of the Head of the Radius

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case is a boy aged thirteen years, who sustained a slight injury to his left elbow while playing soft ball game. He visited our hospital with a complaint of his left elbow pain.Radiographs showed a picture often described as characteristic of congenital dislocation of the radial head. As a result of clinical and X-ray examinations this case was diagnosed as the congenital anterolateral dislocation of the radial head.The radial head was removed and the ulnar nerve was translocated anteriorly with satisfactory results.
Oral Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) Desensitizes Colonic Afferents in an Animal Model of Experimental Colitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by lower abdominal pain and/or discomfort in association with alterations in intestinal motility. Visceral afferent sensitization is thought to play a key role. Linaclotide, a novel, orally-administered agonist of guanylate cyclase-C receptors (GC-C) markedly increases intracellular and extracellular cGMP levels. Furthermore, linaclotide decreases visceral pain in animal models and reduced pain in an IBS-constipation study. To better understand these analgesic effects, we examined whether cGMP decreases pelvic afferent activity. The aim of this study was to explore the antinociceptive effects of cGMP in an animal model of colonic afferent sensitization. Methods: Colonic sensitization was produced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by intra-rectal administration of trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS). Responses of colonic afferents to colonic distension (CD), capsaicin (CP, 0.1–5.0 μg), and Substance P (SP, 0.1–10 μg) were tested before and 30 min after intra-duodenal administration of cGMP (30 mg/kg) either 1 hour (N = 8) or 8–10 days post-TNBS (N = 8) and were compared to intra-rectal saline controls (N = 12). Afferent activity was recorded in fibers sensitive to CD and CP from the fine bundles of the right pelvic nerve. Resting activity represented maximal activity recorded 1 min before each intervention. Changes in afferent activity calculated as number of impulses per minute were expressed as percent change from the resting firing rate. Results: In intra-rectal saline controls, cGMP slightly increased baseline afferent firing rates but had no effect on the afferent response to CD or CP. The increase in afferent firing rates produced by SP, however, was significantly attenuated by cGMP (148 ± 34% vs. 989 ± 391%, P < 0.05). One hour after colonic irritation, basal afferent activity was increased and not affected by cGMP; their responses to CD, CP (493 ± 233% vs. 1846 ± 569%, P < 0.05), and SP (267 ± 65% vs. 964 ± 294%, P < 0.05), however, were all significantly attenuated. Afferent responses to CD (>30 mmHg) and cGMP measured 8–10 days after TNBS were similar to those recorded acutely. Afferent responses to SP were significantly reduced by cGMP 8–10 days after TNBS (255 ± 63% vs. 455 ± 58%, P < 0.05), while responses trended towards normalization in response to CP. Conclusion: Oral cGMP reduced the response of sensitized pelvic afferent neurons in rats to different stimuli, particularly those chemically responsive to SP. These findings suggest that the production and secretion of cGMP elicited by oral linaclotide may explain the activity of linaclotide on visceral pain. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the role of cGMP in attenuating afferent responses to noxious stimuli.
Subchondral Bone Cysts Remodel after Correction of Varus Deformity in Ankle Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) of the talus are frequently observed in ankle osteoarthritis (OA). It is unclear whether the cysts need an additional operation after correction of the varus deformity in ankle OA. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of SBCs and the change after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT). Methods: Thirty-one patients treated by SMOT were retrospectively reviewed, 11 ankles with pre-operative cysts. After SMOT, the evolution of cysts was evaluated on weightbearing computerized tomography (WBCT) without management of cysts. The preoperative and postoperative tibial articular surface angle (TAS), tibio-talar surface angle (TTS), Foot and Ankle Offset (FAO), and hindfoot alignment calcaneal moment arm (HA) were compared. Results: At baseline, 11 (35.5%) of these 31 ankles had the SBCs, and the average maximum cyst volume was 65.86±60.53 mm 3 . By comparison with the pre and postoperative parameters, the TAS, TTS, FAO and HA were significantly corrected (P＜0.001). The number and volume of cysts were reduced dramatically (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Supramalleolar osteotomy can effectively correct the varus alignment and remodel the SBCs of talus in varus ankle arthritis. The regression of SBCs was observed after SMOT, additional intervention for the SBCs of the talus may not be necessary.
Social Reproduction Theory and Racial Capitalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mary-Jo Nadeau’s scholarship and politics deepened our understanding of the ways in which capitalism is built on social oppression. That insight is also at the heart of two renewed and burgeoning intellectual traditions: social reproduction theory (SRT) and abolition feminism. This article reads two powerful analyses of racial capitalism, Golden Gulag by Ruth Wilson Gilmore (2007) and Reckoning with Slavery by Jennifer Morgan (2021) , through an SRT lens. It stresses that these books document, on the one hand, the modern and colonial states’ organization of Black peoples’ life-making labours and, on the other hand, forms of resistance involving Black women’s individual and collective control over the conditions of social reproduction. In centring social reproduction in the analysis of the integral relation between class and race, and in strategizing resistance to capitalism, these accounts help to refine and concretize social reproduction feminist thinking about the state, alienation, and anti-oppression, anti-capitalist politics.
Structural Phase Transitions in Hydrogen-Bonded Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to characterise order-disorder phase changes in the following hydrogen-bonded compounds: KH2PO4 (KDP), RbH2PO4 (RDP), NH4H2PO4 (ADP), KH2AsO4 (KDA), RbH2AsO4 (RDA), CsH2AsO4 (CDA), NH4H2AsO4 (ADA), (NH4)2SO4 (AS), NH4HSO4 (AHS), (NH4)3H(SO4)2 (TAHDS), squaric acid H2C4O4 and SnCl2·2H2O. Most of these compounds are wellknown examples of hydrogen-bonded ferro- and antiferro-electric substances showing for example ferroelectric transitions. The transition temperatures TC, corresponding transition enthalpies ΔH and thermal hysteresis effects in consecutive heating and cooling cycles have been determined and are compared to values cited in the literature.Since thermoanalytical curves are very sensitive to factors such as sample size, sample packing and other experimental factors, we believe that measurements made using single crystals rather than microcrystalline samples yield more reliable data.Proton transfer is generally believed to be the main factor responsible for these order-disorder transitions. In view of this the "activation energies" calculated by kinetic evaluation of the DSC curves are surprisingly high.
Intraventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Antibiotic Concentrations in Patients with Intraventricular Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The antibiotic concentration of the fluid from either lateral ventricle was determined 104 times in 37 patients through direct ventricular puncture, external ventricular drainage (EVD), or cerebrospinal fluid shunt sampling. The patients were 1 month to 12 years old. When the patients were receiving maximal intravenous antibiotic therapy alone, the concentrations for the most part were below 5 microgram/ml, whereas patients receiving an antibiotic through direct ventricular puncture, EVD, or a shunt reservoir usually had concentrations over 5 microgram/ml. However, wide variations from patient to patient were found with all forms of treatment despite similar dosages. Clustering of the concentration tended to occur in each individual patient. The authors conclude that, to obtain a high concentration of an antibiotic in the ventricular fluid, one should administer it directly into the ventricle.