jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Social Capital: A complex of dynamic relationships

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Landscape management negotiates across interlinked ecological and social systems drawing on social resources in situations where issues in landscape sustainability challenge society’s capacity and will in problem solving. Social capital results from a dynamic process that operates through social networks based on norms of reciprocity that ensue through practices of exchange and depend on relations of trust. While social capital is frequently referred to as the glue that holds society together (World Bank 1998, Stone and Hughes 2002 Productivity Commission 2003) this research makes use of a complex systems framework to identify the content of social capital. Social networks and the coupling forms (Marion 1999) through which individuals, communities and society are linked serve as evidence to expose a process that reflects innovation, adoption, consolidation and stagnation followed by cyclic renewal through innovation (Holling 2001). This paper outlines the theoretical basis of social capital as a means of exploring the potential for a re-framing within complex systems framework. An explorative research methodology integrated results from comparative agri-ecological landscapes through quantitative survey and qualitative interview methods. The results provided a re-configuration of social capital as a dynamic force that exposes the interaction between bridging and bonding social capital. It is this dynamic relationship that exposes the adaptive capacity which maintains resilience in socio-ecological communities. These results make explicit the dynamic characteristics of social capital that act as a key component of resilience in agricultural landscapes.
Flight investigation of NACA D(sub S) cowlings on the XP-42 airplane II : low-inlet-velocity cowling with axial-flow fan and propeller cuffs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Report presenting results from a series of flight tests of the performance and cooling characteristics in high-speed level flight and in climb of the XP-42 airplane equipped with a short-nose low-inlet-velocity cowling and an axial-flow fan mounted on the spinner. Results regarding maximum speed and pressures and temperatures are provided.
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and paramyotonia congenita caused by a de novo mutation in the SCN4A gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is an autosomal-dominant channelopathy characterized by reversible paralysis associated with episodic hyperkalemia. Mutations in the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel gene (SCN4A) have been reported to be responsible for this disorder. Paramyotonia congenita is also caused by mutations in the SCN4A gene. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old boy who presented with both hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and paramyotonia congenita. A molecular analysis of the SCN4A gene revealed a heterozygous T>C transition at nucleotide 2078, leading to an Ile693Thr mutation. This mutation was absent in the patient’s parents supporting a de novo Ile693Thr mutation in our patient.
Research Status and Future Development of Deep Space Security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As deep space exploration activities increase worldwide, the exploration environment becomes increasingly complex and the exploration tasks become increasingly difficult. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to research on deep space security issues. In this study, we first clarify the basic connotation of deep space security, briefly describe the significance and key issues of deep space security research, and summarize the research status and future development of four key deep space security issues: space radiation threat, planetary protection, space heritage protection, and space legislation. The study indicates that space radiation has the characteristics of multiple threat sources and high radiation intensity and should be researched from the perspectives of physical, biomedical, and chemical protection. Planetary protection mainly faces the challenges of pollution and impact of deep space spacecraft, and research should be conducted from the perspectives of deep space microbial detection and disinfection technologies as well as policy formulation. Space heritage protection is controversial in terms of evaluation and protection measures owing to political, cultural, and legal differences among countries, and it should be researched from the perspectives of international cooperation, deep space spacecraft, and reduction of human impact. Due to the complex international relations among countries, it is difficult for the effectiveness of current laws and regulations to become the consensus of the international community; therefore, research should be conducted from the aspects of international legislative organizations, domestic research institutions, and the improvement of domestic legal systems.
EFL Secondary Teaching Practices in Blending Learning: A Case of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated secondary stage teachers’ Blended Learning (BL) current practices in Tabuk city. The qualitative data was collected from a random sample of 50 EFL teachers Interviews were conducted to examine EFL teachers’current practices of BL. The results of the interviews indicated that 84% of EFL teachers were neither familiar with the term BL nor had ever designed BL activities. 16% of the teachers stated that they were familiar with BL and provided examples of their current practices. The practices reflected their misconceptions about real implementation of BL method. Some of them thought that using simple technology like PowerPoint presentations with traditional textbook activities was a type of blending. None of the participants used language learning websites, mobile applications or online activities in their daily instruction. The teachers had no trouble identifying benefits of BL in English teaching but they lacked a clear vision of BL pedagogy, lesson/activity design and implementation. EFL teachers highlighted the need to provide them with training sessions, resources, capabilities and support for effective implementation.
Cerebral CT lesions in multiple sclerosis mimicking multiple metastases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters to the Editor (range 29-65 pg/ml).Benserazide 200 mg orally did not reduce mean peak plasma melatonin levels or alter urinary aMT6s excretion.Peak levels and time of peak level were similar to values in normal, healthy young laboratory staff.Mean peak plasma melatonin levels and mean urinary aMT6s excretion were slightly lower in levodopabenserazide treated than in untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (p > 0 1).Parkinsonian disability scores (King's College rating scale), presence or absence of diurnal fatigue, peak plasma melatonin and urinary aMT6s concentrations showed no significant correlation.The pineal gland from three patients (91 and 70 year old females, 78 year old male) with Lewy body associated Parkinson's disease, treated with levodopa-decarboxylase inhibitor combinations, were examined microscopically.Pineal histopathology was unremarkable, with cells containing brown se-cretory granules; there were no intracyto- plasmic Lewy bodies.Plasma melatonin and urinary 6-hydroxy melatonin sulphate concentrations in untreated and levodopa-decarboxylase inhibitor treated subjects with Parkinson's disease are within the normal range as deter- mined in normal healthy young subjects, and it is worth noting that the pineal structure is normal in Parkinsonian patients.Therefore benserazide inhibits melatonin synthesis in the rodent but not in humans with the conventional doses used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Hyperfine interaction and some thermomagnetic properties of amorphous and partially crystallized Fe70−xMxMo5Cr4Nb6B15 (M = Co or Ni, x = 0 or 10) alloys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, replacement of 10 at.% of iron in the amorphous Fe 70 Mo 5 Cr 4 Nb 6 B 15 alloy by cobalt or nickel has no effect on the magnetic structure in the vicinity of room temperature, although the Curie point moves from 190 K towards ambient one. In the early stages of crystallization, the paramagnetic crystalline Cr 12 Fe 36 Mo 10 phase appears before α-Fe or α-FeCo are formed, as is confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Creation of the crystalline Cr 12 Fe 36 Mo 10 phase is accompanied by the amorphous ferromagnetic phase formation at the expense of amorphous paramagnetic one.
Performance Implications of Global Virtual Time Algorithms on a Knights Landing Processor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies investigated the performance of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) on Intel Xeon Phi manycore processors, but generally reported underwhelming performance results, especially at high scales when all cores and thread contexts are fully loaded. While the lack of scalability in an earlier study on a Knights Corner (KC) processor is an artifact of physical limitations of the KC system, performance challenges on a Knights Landing (KNL) system partially stem from a slower global virtual time (GVT) computation algorithm used in that study. In this paper, we re-examine PDES performance on KNL under more efficient GVT algorithms to alleviate the GVT bottleneck. Specifically, we compare a synchronous GVT algorithm based on barrier synchronization, and two asynchronous GVT implementations: a modified Mattern's algorithm for shared memory systems and a recently-proposed wait-free algorithm. Using the ROSS simulator, we demonstrate that minimizing the GVT bottleneck results in significant improvement in scalability, allowing the simulation to scale with performance all the way to 250 threads (per chip). Interestingly, we observe that while for the balanced models the wait-free algorithm is a clear winner, barrier-based GVT provides significantly better results for imbalanced models executed at high scale. We also perform detailed simulation profiling to understand the underlying reasons for these performance trends.
comprehensive review on influence of protein and sodium on liver cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cirrhosis of the liver is linked to considerable nutritional concerns, leading to severe hepatic consequences and low survivorship. Nutrition is a vital role yet underappreciated component of cirrhosis treatment. As a result, the goals of this study are to determine the associated dietary risks with its pathophysiology to support dietary guidelines for this population of patients. Even in the phase of the disease, alterations in substrate utilization for the production of energy are a common hallmark of liver cirrhosis, resulting in increased breakdown of protein reserves and a tendency to protein-energy malnutrition. Taking supplements with branched-chain amino acid residues has shown promising results in lowering cirrhosis-related complications, but it currently limits gastrointestinal disorders and poor palatability. Furthermore, more significant research into dietary modulation of branched-chain amino acids is needed. Finally, a vital result of this study is the need to enhance the type and effectiveness of diet intervention programs for patients with cirrhosis, precisely when partial or entire food sources are used. To summarize, nutritional treatment of cirrhosis is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but it should be incorporated early in the therapy algorithms to enhance clinical cirrhosis prognosis.
Proceedings of the tenth annual DOE low-level waste management conference: Session 1: Institutional and regulatory issues

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This document contains eleven papers on various aspects of low-level radioactive waste regulation. Topics include: EPA environmental standards; international exemption principles; the concept of below regulatory concern; envirocare activities in Utah; mixed waste; FUSRAP and the Superfund; and a review of various incentive programs. Individual papers are processed separately for the data base. (TEM)
Macho rhubarb

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT

The ability to noninvasively detect bacteria at any depth inside opaque tissues has important applications ranging from infection diagnostics to tracking therapeutic microbes in their mammalian host. Current examples of probes for detecting bacteria with strain-type specificity are largely based on optical dyes, which cannot be used to examine bacteria in deep tissues due to the physical limitation of light scattering. Here, we describe a new biomolecular probe for visualizing bacteria in a cell-type specific fashion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The probe is based on a peptide that selectively binds manganese and is attached in high numbers to the capsid of filamentous phage. By genetically engineering phage particles to display this peptide, we are able to bring manganese ions to specific bacterial cells targeted by the phage, thereby producing MRI contrast. We show that this approach allows MRI-based detection of targeted E. coli strains while discriminating against non-target bacteria as well as mammalian cells. By engineering the phage coat to display a protein that targets cell surface receptors in V. cholerae, we further show that this approach can be applied to image other bacterial targets with MRI. Finally, as a preliminary example of in vivo applicability, we demonstrate MR imaging of phage-labeled V. cholerae cells implanted subcutaneously in mice. The nanomaterial developed here thus represents a path towards noninvasive detection and tracking of bacteria by combining the programmability of phage architecture with the ability to produce three- dimensional images of biological structures at any arbitrary depth with MRI.
Low(er) frequency follow-up of 28 candidate, large-scale synchrotron sources

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We follow up on a report by Vacca et al. (2018) of 28 candidate large-scale diffuse synchrotron sources in an 8°$\times$8° area of the sky (centred at RA 5h0m0s Dec 5°48'0''). These sources were originally observed at 1.4 GHz using a combination of the single-dish Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) and archival NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) data. They are in an area with nine massive galaxy clusters at z $\approx$ 0.1, and are candidates for the first detection of filaments of the synchrotron cosmic web. We attempt to verify these candidate sources with lower frequency observations at 154 MHz with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) and at 887 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We use a novel technique to calculate the surface brightness sensitivity of these instruments to show that our lower frequency observations, and in particular those by ASKAP, are ideally suited to detect large-scale, extended synchrotron emission. Nonetheless, we are forced to conclude that none of these sources are likely to be synchrotron in origin or associated with the cosmic web.
Impact of New Medical Technology on User Performance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Advances in medical technology have enabled many diagnostics to be performed by patients themselves. One example involves the meters used by diabetics to monitor their blood glucose levels. To reduce user error, newer meters eliminate the need to wipe excess blood from the test strip. This study examined user performance with “no-wipe” and “wipe” meters. Procedural errors and reading accuracy were observed in groups differing in blood glucose testing experience. The results indicated that, each group initially made significantly fewer errors with the “no-wipe” meters; after extended use, this difference disappeared. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the accuracy of readings obtained with the “no-wipe” and the “wipe” meters. The potential gains in effectiveness by the newer “no-wipe” technology were offset by the continued presence of another type of user error. User performance testing can identify the steps that are most critical to safe and effective use of a medical device. Improving user performance at these steps, then, can become the focus for new technology.
Kinks in a model for two-phase lipid bilayer membranes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the spontaneous curvature model for two-phase lipid bilayer membranes the shape of vesicles is governed by a combination of an elastic bending energy and an interface energy that penalises the size of phase boundaries. Each lipid phase induces a preferred curvature to the membrane surface, and these curvatures as well as phase boundaries may lead to the development of kinks. In a rotationally symmetric setting we introduce a family of energies for smooth surfaces and phase fields for the lipid components and study convergence to a sharp-interface limit, which depends on the choice of the bending parameters of the phase field model. We prove that, if kinks are excluded, our energies $Gamma$-converge to the commonly used sharp-interface spontaneous curvature energy with the additional assumption of $C^1$-regularity across interfaces. For a choice of parameters such that kinks may appear, we obtain a limit that coincides with the $Gamma$-limit on all reasonable membranes and extends the classical model by assigning a bending energy also to kinks. We illustrate the theoretical result by some numerical examples.
Functorial Models of Spatio-Temporal Landscape Field of the Earth: Methods of Comparative-Geographical Studies Based on Data of Remote Sensing

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

\n \nThis paper suggests models of the landscape complexes based on the theory of\ncomplex\nsystems and category-functorial approach. With the use of the space Landsat\nimages the existence\nof the Earth's landscape field is proved and criteria of its parameter\ncharacterization is suggested.\nThe unity of spatiotemporal changes of the landscape units is substantiated.\n\n
Fabienne Jagou (éd.), The Hybridity of Buddhism: Contemporary Encounters between Tibetan and Chinese Traditions in Taiwan and the Mainland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume comprises eight articles (seven in English, one in French), plus the editor’s introduction, and concerns itself, primarily, with issues related to the Taiwanese reception of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan forms of Buddhism are of a variety distinct from those usually described as “Chinese” (or in this case, “traditional”): hybridity is the concept chosen here to represent the expressions of Buddhism that result from the meeting of the two. Tibetan Buddhism experienced a major growth in...
Table6_Pan-Cancer Analysis, Reveals COVID-19-Related BSG as a Novel Marker for Treatment and Identification of Multiple Human Cancers.xlsx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a public threat and healthcare concern caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. During the period of the pandemic of COVID-19, cancer patients should be paid more attention as more severe events are found in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Basigin (BSG) is an essential factor for the infection and progression of COVID-19 and tumorigenesis of multiple tumors, which may serve as a novel target for the effective treatment against COVID-19 and multiple human cancers.</p><p>Methods: A total of 19,020 samples from multiple centers were included in our research for the comprehensive investigation of the differences in BSG expression among human organs, cancer cells, cancer tissues, and normal tissues. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves were utilized to explore the prognosis factor of BSG in cancers. Correlation analyses were used to determine associations of BSG expression with tumor mutational burden, the immune microenvironment, etc. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms of BSG in cancers.</p><p>Results: Compared with normal tissues, BSG expression was high in 13 types of cancers (cholangiocarcinoma, etc.) and low in colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma. BSG expression was related to the prognosis of eight cancers (e.g., invasive breast carcinoma) (p < 0.05). The gene also demonstrated a pronounced effect in identifying 12 cancers (cholangiocarcinoma, etc.) from their control samples (AUC >0.7). The BSG expression was associated with DNA methyltransferases, mismatch repair genes, immune infiltration levels, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, neoantigen, and immune checkpoints, suggesting the potential of BSG as an exciting target for cancer treatment. BSG may play its role in several cancers by affecting several signaling pathways such as drug cytochrome metabolism P450 and JAK-STAT.</p><p>Conclusion:BSG may be a novel biomarker for treating and identifying multiple human cancers.</p>
Novel C-4 Heteroaryl 13-cis-Retinamide Mnk/AR Degrading Agents Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Migration and Induce Apoptosis in Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells and Suppress Growth of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast and CWR22Rv1 Human Prostate Tumor Xenografts in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antibreast and antiprostate cancers activities of novel C-4 heteroaryl 13-cis-retinamides that modulate Mnk-eIF4E and AR signaling are discussed. Modifications of the C-4 heteroaryl substituents reveal that the 1H-imidazole is essential for high anticancer activity. The most potent compounds against a variety of human breast and prostate cancer (BC/PC) cell lines were compounds 16 (VNHM-1-66), 20 (VNHM-1-81), and 22 (VNHM-1-73). In these cell lines, the compounds induce Mnk1/2 degradation to substantially suppress eIF4E phosphorylation. In PC cells, the compounds induce degradation of both full-length androgen receptor (fAR) and splice variant AR (AR-V7) to inhibit AR transcriptional activity. More importantly, VNHM-1-81 has strong in vivo antibreast and antiprostate cancer activities, while VNHM-1-73 exhibited strong in vivo antibreast cancer activity, with no apparent host toxicity. Clearly, these lead compounds are strong candidates for development for the treatments of human breast and prostate cancers.
Cultural Studies, Big Data, Scalability: Benjamin Versus Bourdieu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay argues that to be true to its name, Cultural Studies relies on a Big Data tapestry of culture against which individual events may be foregrounded. In the majority of cases, this cultural background is the implied first premise of a syllogism and the scholarly argument becomes an enthymeme. Sometimes, however, the presentation of Big Data becomes the argument in and of itself. After explaining the concept of Cultural Studies with which I am working, as well as the definition and difficulties posed by Big Data, I analyze and compare two precursor works that plainly gather and analyze Big Data to explain cultural moments: Walter Benjamin’s Passagen-Werk (Arcades Project); and Pierre Bourdieu’s La distinction (Distinction). Both works raise the question of how their examples can be scaled to the totalizing visions of culture that they seek, and the two researchers take wildly different approaches to the question of scalability that always lurks behind Big Data approaches.