jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase by 17β-estradiol

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AbstractMitochondria produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation. A key enzyme in this pathway is F0F1-ATP synthase, catalyzing ATP production from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Recently a subunit of F0F1-ATP synthase, oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein, was identified as a new estradiol-binding protein. Estradiol could directly modulate mitochondrial ATP synthase activity through this subunit. In addition, intracellular ATP levels play a role in apoptotic death, which is an energy-dependent process requiring functioning mitochondria. Here we examined the effect of 17β -estradiol on F0F1-ATP synthase directly (in permeabilized cells) and in intact osteoclastic FLG 29.1 cells, a model of inducible apoptosis. The baseline F0F1-ATP synthase activity of FLG 29.1 cells was 4.485 nmol/min per mg. Estradiol rapidly inhibited F0F1-ATP synthase activity in the physiological range (half-inhibition concentration, IC50, of 30 nmol/l). With 1 nmol/l of estradiol, the inhibition was already significant (8-10% inhibition, p < 0.01) and with 100 nmol/l residual enzyme activity was only 15% (85% inhibition, p < 0.01). In addition, the effect of estradiol appeared to be directed towards F0F1-ATP synthase, since succinate-sustained respiration, uncoupled from the electron transport chain, was unaffected by estradiol. We assayed F0F1-ATP synthase activity in FLG 29.1 cells during inducible apoptosis. No significant difference of ATP synthesis was detected in apoptotic cells versus controls. In conclusion, we showed a new non-genomic effect of estradiol on a key mitochondrial enzyme, which thereby directly modulates cellular energy metabolism.KeywordsMITOCHONDRIA ATP SYNTHASE ESTRADIOL APOPTOSIS NON-GENOMIC EFFECT
The mechanical effect of aligner’s thickness and material properties in invisible orthodontics: A quantitative finite element study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Invisible orthodontics benefits significantly from aligner technology, yet optimizing material properties and thickness for diverse patient needs is a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between key material properties and thickness-and their collective influence on orthodontic treatment outcomes. A three-dimensional model of the tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone complex was constructed, with attachments centered on each tooth crown. Nine aligners, varying in thickness from 0.20 to 1.00 mm with material properties (Young's modulus (E) from 0.01 to 3.50 GPa and Poisson's ratio (ν) at 0.30), were analyzed. The study measured force and moment changes due to a 0.15 mm mesial-distal movement of the lateral incisor, validated by other teeth. Results show aligner thickness and E significantly affect force and moment, with increases promoting translational rather than tipping movements. These findings underscore precise aligner design's role in enhancing orthodontic outcomes.
Interleukin‐31 does not induce immediate itch in atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls after skin challenge

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The most intriguing function attributed to interleukin‐31 ( IL ‐31) is its ability to induce pruritus in pathologic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis ( AD ). As of today, this feature of IL ‐31 was tested in vivo only in animal models. Methods Ten patients with AD and 10 healthy controls were challenged with IL ‐31 and NaCl (negative control) by skin prick testing. Twenty additional healthy controls were subjected to skin prick testing with histamine. Itch and local inflammatory responses of the skin were assessed for up to 72 h. Results All of the histamine‐challenged subjects developed immediate pruritus (i.e. within the first 5 min). In contrast, only one IL ‐31‐ and two of the NaCl‐challenged subjects reported immediate itch at the provocation site (short lasting, for 2–6 min). Nine subjects (five patients with AD ) reported late itch responses to IL ‐31 challenges with a mean delay of 143 min. No subject reported late itch responses to histamine or NaCl testing. There was no significant difference in IL ‐31‐induced itch start time, duration and intensity between patients with AD and healthy volunteers. Conclusion IL ‐31 does not induce immediate itch responses in humans. The late onset of IL ‐31‐induced itch supports the notion that IL ‐31 exerts its pruritic effect indirectly via keratinocytes and secondary mediators, rather than through its receptors on cutaneous nerves.
Potential Sunda Strait tsunami hazard due to the current deformation of Anak Krakatau

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The tsunami Sunda Strait event at 2018 is a prove that volcanic activity may trigger a devastating and unpredictable tsunami. Several findings indicate that this catasrophe generated by flank collapse caused by the instability of Gunung Anak Krakatau (AK). Other processes of volcanic activity that cause tsunamis include pyroclastic flows, subaerial and submarine landslides, underwater explosions, blasts, and caldera collapse. In the 1883, Krakatau Mount produced the largest tsunami event, and it is apparent that AK is one of threats in Sunda Strait that may potentially produce tsunami in the future since it is still active until now. Some latest research shows there are two submarine landslide threats near Gunung Anak Krakatau; in the northeast part of AK and an elliptical landslide source in the west part of AK with the estimated landslide volume about 0.014 km 3 and 0.6 km 3 , respectively. Those threats will be simulated by shallow water equation model to obtain the tsunami wave height near the source and at crucial areas along Sunda Strait as well as its tsunami time arrival. The first scenario is sourced from a new deposit from the 2018 eruption, and the latter is a change of slopes bathymetry due to volcanic or seismic activity. It is observed that the highest elevation of tsunami from the first scenario reached only 2.5 cm at Tanjung Lesung, Banten and 80 cm at the nearest island, Panjang Island. The second scenario has the height of 50 cm at Labuan, Banten and 70 cm at Panjang Island. The tsunami time travel at the surrounding islands is ranging between 0.6 - 5.8 minutes (scenario 1) and 0.7-4.9 minutes (scenario 2). Both scenario reached the inexpensive device of sea level monitoring at the east side of Rakata after 5 minutes and the height is 30 cm and 1.6 cm respectively for scenario 1 and 2.
Robust Processor Allocation for Independent Tasks When Dollar Cost for Processors is a Constraint

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a distributed heterogeneous computing system, the resources have different capabilities and tasks have different requirements. Different classes of machines used in such systems typically vary in dollar cost based on their computing efficiencies. Makespan (defined as the completion time for an entire set of tasks) is often the performance feature that is optimized. Resource allocation is often done based on estimates of the computation time of each task on each class of machines. Hence, it is important that makespan be robust against errors in computation time estimates. The dollar cost to purchase the machines for use can be a constraint such that only a subset of the machines available can be purchased. The goal of this study is to: (1) select a subset of all the machines available so that the cost constraint for the machines is satisfied, and (2) find a static mapping of tasks so that the robustness of the desired system feature, makespan, is maximized against the errors in task execution time estimates. Six heuristic techniques to this problem are presented and evaluated
The Philosophical Background of Yohanan Alemanno: Remarks on Logic and Psychology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The convergence of philosophical and kabbalistic sources in the works of Yoḥanan Alemanno (ca. 1435–ca. 1504) attests to the richness of fifteenth-century scholarship in Italy, specifically its reception of sources that had characterized cultural debates across the Mediterranean for centuries. Beginning with a discussion of his personal notebook (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms Reggio 23), and focusing on his treatment of logic and psychology, this study demonstrates the extent to which Alemanno relied on the Jewish Aristotelian tradition based on the translations of Averroes’ Arabic commentaries. Moreover, it shows the relationship between this tradition and the kabbalistic themes addressed by the author in his works.
Oxidative damage and antioxidant defense are assay and tissue‐dependent both in captive and wild‐caught bank voles (Myodes glareolus) before and after reproduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Reproduction is costly and life‐history theory predicts that current parental investment will result in lower survival or decreased future reproduction. The physiological mechanisms mediating the link between reproduction and survival are still under debate and elevated oxidative damage during reproduction has been proposed as a plausible candidate. Previous studies of oxidative stress during reproduction in animals under natural conditions have been restricted to analyses of blood. Herein, we measured the level of oxidative damage to lipids (tiobarbituric‐acid‐reactive substances) and proteins (carbonyls) in the liver, kidneys, heart and skeletal muscles in free‐living bank vole females from spring and autumn generations, before and after reproduction. Antioxidant defense in the liver and kidneys was also determined. We expected oxidative damage to tissues and hypothesized that the damage would be more uniform between tissues in wild animals compared to those breeding under laboratory conditions. Considering all combinations of markers/tissues/generations, oxidative damage in females did not differ before and after reproduction in 12 comparisons, was lower after reproduction in three comparisons, and was higher after breeding in one comparison. The total glutathione was significantly increased after reproduction only in the liver of the autumn generation and there was no change in catalase activity. Our results confirm—for the first time in the field—previous observations from laboratory studies that there is no simple link between oxidative stress and reproduction and that patterns depend on the tissue and marker being studied. Overall, however, our study does not support the hypothesis that the cost of reproduction in bank voles is mediated by oxidative stress in these tissues.
U.N. Peacekeeping in Yugoslavia: Background, Analysis, and Lessons Learned

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to answer the question: How effective were U.N. peacekeeping operations in the disputed areas of Yugoslavia in 1992? In doing so, the study embraces three themes. First, it explores the causes of the Yugoslav Conflict. Second, it analyzes the peacekeeping operation in terms of change over time-focusing on changes to conditions, objectives, and resources. Finally, it assesses the performance of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) on each of its eleven missions. The study concludes that UNPROFOR was not very effective. Of the eleven missions assigned, it achieved complete success on but one of them, and it failed outright on three. The Serbian Knin authorities and Serbian militia forces were largely to blame. The U.N. itself made several critical mistakes: failing to identify and address the causes of the conflict, assigning UNPROFOR an impracticable mandate, and failing to achieve a cease-fire over Bosnia-Herzegovina or to gain cooperation between the three sides fighting there. The study also concludes that if the United States wants the U.N. to be effective in the future, the United States should incorporate peacekeeping into its national security strategy. It should also address shortfalls in both peacekeeping doctrine and training within its military.
Trading Dynamics in Decentralized Markets with Adverse Selection

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study a dynamic, decentralized lemons market with one-time entry and characterize its set of non-stationary equilibria.This framework offers a theory of how a market suffering from adverse selection recovers over time endogenously; given an initial fraction of lemons, the model provides sharp predictions about how prices and the composition of assets evolve over time.Comparing economies in which the initial fraction of lemons varies, we study the relationship between the severity of the lemons problem and market liquidity.We use this framework to understand how asymmetric information contributed to the breakdown in trade of asset-backed securities during the recent financial crisis, and to evaluate the efficacy of one policy that was implemented in attempt to restore liquidity.
Caenorhabditis elegans in the biological activity research of tea: From “little transparent” to “big star”

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has proven to be a valuable model organism for assessing active ingredients. The wide array of active compounds found in tea, including tea polyphenols, amino acids, alkaloids, and aromatic substances, has provided numerous health benefits. In C. elegans, active ingredients such as catechins and their derivatives, L-theanine, and caffeine have exhibited various biological effects, including slowing down aging, enhancing environmental adaptations, regulating protein homeostasis and glycolipid metabolism, and participating in immunomodulation. The worms play a crucial role in studying the mechanisms of tea polyphenols and exploring the bioactivity of catechin derivatives. Here, we discuss how these active ingredients promote worms' health, and elucidate their mechanisms of action. We further offer recommendations for utilizing nematodes and microorganisms as host-microbe models to combine multiple active tea components in the diet or to investigate the unique chemical components present in other teas, aiming to enhance our understanding of the health benefits of tea consumption on biological organisms.
Surface wave characteristics of a lossy dielectric-coated conductor immersed in a lossy dielectric medium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical investigations on the propagation of microwaves on a circular cylindrical conductor coated with a lossy dielectric and immersed in a lossy dielectric medium show that the surface wave characteristics such as guide wavelength, percentage of power flow etc. depend significantly on the ratio of the dielectric constants and also on the loss tangents of the inner and outer dielectric media. Under certain conditions of the relative dielectric constants and loss of the two dielectric media, the surface wave condition is not satisfied.
School cultural heritage between history and memory: insights into the historical-educational heritage and communication strategies of the Museo de la Educación de la Universidad del País Vasco (Spain)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

New impulses in the field of history of education, starting with the development of the strand of studies relating to the so-called material culture of schools and the widespread interest in the cultural heritage of schools, as well as the contaminations determined by the blossoming of the new museology, have led to an important development of school and education museums in recent decades. The origins of this particular type of museum can be of the most varied. Some come into being as a result of important university projects and on the basis of accurate historical-educational reconstructions. This is the case of the Museo de la Educación de la Universidad de País Vasco (Meupv), which is presented here. The Spanish museum has its own very specific peculiarity, both in terms of its ability to promote a continuous development of studies in the field, with solid anchorage in the local history of education, and in terms of its ability to address a diversified and therefore also non-specialist public by drawing on multiple channels of communication, according to the recent perspective of the public history of education.
Board diversity and innovation performance in Malaysia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A board of directors consists of a set of key personnel that hold vital positions in a company. Based on the premise of the resource dependence theory, we explore the association between board diversity and innovation performance in Malaysia. The sample consists of 220 companies from the industrial product sector of the main market of Bursa Malaysia for the financial year 2013. Board diversity is represented by a comprehensive score that includes age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, education, tenure, area of experience and directorship in other companies. Results of the regression analysis show that there is a positive association between board diversity and innovation performance. Our findings contribute to the policy involving the diversity of corporate boards by suggesting that policy, such as one of gender diversity in Malaysia, is expanded to include multi-dimensional aspects of board diversity that better represent the economic, legal and cultural environment of a country.
IMPLEMENTING THE MERIT SYSTEM THROUGH TALENT MANAGEMENT AS CAREER DEVELOPMENT BASIS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine antecedents of the low aspect career development for civil servant and the application of talent management strategies as a solution to career development issues. By using a qualitative method to executes semi-structure interview for 7 informants that responsible and have authorities to the civil servant career development. The collecting data also conducted through observation and documentation. Result of interviews show that six of ten indicators from career development aspects un-optimum implemented, such as job competency standards documents, availability of employee profiles based on talent or competency mapping, talent pool implementation, availability of succession plans, qualification and competency gap documents, and capacity building and competency development. Further, research findings show that the obstacles of career development aspects caused by six indicators such as bureaucratic politicization, lack of leadership commitment, un-optimum budget, and bad teamwork. The Talent management strategy states as comprehensive solution in establishing the basis for future civil servant career development.
The Third Age and the Fresh Winds of Market Forces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Accounts of the three Thatcher governments point to the less confident nature of her first years of power. There was the battle between the free-marketeers and the 'wets' in the Cabinet, the slow progress towards her favoured economic policies, and her own, sometimes contradictory concern with moral as well as economic values. However, the Prime Minister made sure that the economic departments were controlled by monetarists who believed in 'making sure there's no more money unless we earn it' and that 'it's not the job of government to ensure full employment'.1 This led to the public spending cuts which, as Gordon Newman found, obsessed those working within the health service at every level, and to some deeply unpopular budgets. The years 1981 and 1982 saw inner-city riots in Brixton, Liverpool and Bristol, while January 1982 saw unemployment rise to three million for the first time since the 1930s. Numerous strikes included several in the health service. Margaret Thatcher resisted pressure to use government spending to ease the economic situation as her Conservative predecessor Ted Heath had done, and announced 'the lady's not for turning'. In those same years a series of Acts was passed, notably in education, transport and housing, which promoted private provision and marked the first steps in the government's attack on the publicly funded parts of the economy. As an illustration, an often repeated BBC television news item shows her celebrating the sale of the millionth council house and greeting the new home owners.KeywordsPublic ServicePublic SphereMarket ForceHome OwnerPublic Service BroadcastingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Grignard reagents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Citation: 'Grignard reagents' in the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 3rd ed.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2006. Online version 3.0.1, 2019. 10.1351/goldbook.G02699 • License: The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International for individual terms. Requests for commercial usage of the compendium should be directed to IUPAC.
What can we learn from a narrative reinterpretation of a mission (hi)story? Reflecting on the mission history of the Dutch Reformed Church according to Willem Saayman

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On 16 May 2015, the well-known missiologist, Willem Saayman, passed away. In this article, his overview of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) mission history, Being Missionary, Being Human (2007), is revisited from the perspective of the narrative theory of White and Epston. This reinterpretation rests on the notion that history and religious traditions are structured as narratives that are open for interpretation and reinterpretation. As Saayman depicted the DRC mission history as a problem-saturated narrative, it is argued that unique outcomes also reside within this problem-saturated narrative, creating the possibility for the re-authoring of a liberated mission narrative. It is suggested that the narrative strategies of externalisation and co-authoring can be instrumental in attaining a mission narrative that is truly human.