jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Thyroid cancers are common endocrine tumors with diverse medical and histological structures. During development/progression from normal to neoplastic cell, there is a gradual increase in the function/activity of proto-oncogenes, transcription factors and metastasis elements. The main objective of this study is to evaluate per-oxidation of lipid content, total oxidative stress, and the profile of homocysteine (and DNA damage) in the erythrocytes of thyroid carcinoma patients as compared with those of control subjects. Methods: All risk variables and biochemical analyses were quantitatively determined using standard methods. Results: A noteworthy increase in malondialdehyde, globulin, and DNA damage in thyroid carcinoma patients were repeatedly observed. In contrast, healthy individuals showed an increased level of HDL-C and total anti-oxidant response. Conclusion: It is suggested that these parameters have a pivotal role in the diagnostic process of determining thyroid carcinoma patients. Oxidized products of macromolecules in the blood of such patients impart major function in causing thyroid carcinoma disease.
Hellenistic Poetry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The poets treated in this chapter came from a stunning variety of places: Libya (Callimachus), Sicily (Theocritus), southern Italy (Nossis), Syria (Meleager), Asia Minor (Strato), and Crete (Rhianus). Hellenistic poetry and art differed from that of the archaic and classical periods in the attention it gave to realism and even the grotesque in preference to idealization of the human figure and society. Lesbianism is less often in evidence as a theme. The greatest flowering of the Hellenistic epigram actually occurred long after the first generation of poets. Fragments from AP, Diegesis to Iamb, Idyll, Collectanea Alexandrina, Mimiamb, and Anacreontea are also presented.
Mass Casualty in A Building Collapse: Techniques of Anaesthesia in Mass Casualty Management (Rana Plaza Collapse at Savar, Bangladesh)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Management of mass casualties in a disaster like situation needs much of discussion. Proper planning and preparation can markedly change the mortality and morbidity following these events. Similarly right use of special skill of anesthesiologists in the management of mass casualty is of immense value.Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate general injury profile, pattern of operations and anesthesia performed during mass casualty management of patients treated in the department of Anesthesia and Intensive care unit of Combined Military Hospitals, Savar.Methods: This study retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 155 patients files registered by many different doctors. We used discharge diagnosis, and when available objective x-ray or CT scan used for verification of fractures.Results: Among 431 patients reported to emergency and casualty department, 407 (94.431%) is admitted to hospital. Among 431 patients only 155 (35.962%) is treated in the department of Anesthesia and Intensive care. Among 155 patients of ICU, most of the injuries were blunt trauma soft tissue, rest of the injuries were fractures, head injuries, crush injuries etc, which accounts 95 (61.29%) patients. Majority of surgical procedure included wound debridment, fasciotomy, amputation and external fixation; constituted 51(33%) patients. 132(84%) surgical procedure performed under TIVA with ketamine, 22 (15%) under different regional techniques and only one patient received general anesthesia.Conclusion: Bangladesh is situated in a seismically active zone; fortunately no major earthquake has striken since 1940. Accelerated urbanization and high population densities in all cities are increasing the vulnerability of Bangladesh to catastrophic number of death and injuries. Ninety percent of casualties after earthquake result directly from the collapse of buildings in urban areas. The special skills of the anesthesiologist are of tremendous value in contributing mass casualty management in ICU and operating room. Our study concludes that surgical services can be maximized with the judicious and intelligent use of ketamine and regional anesthetic technique; rather than general anesthesia. Definitely it has strong value in maximizing use of scare resource in country like Bangladesh.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 12-16
Article Hypothermia in Adult ICUs: Changing Incidence But Persistent Risk Factor for Mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study examined whether hypothermia (&lt; 36.0C) incidence among critically ill patients varied over time, the determinants of change, and the associated risk for ICU mortality. Methods: Interrupted time series analysis among adults admitted to ICUs in Calgary, Canada over 8.5 years. Changes in the incidence of hypothermia within the first 24 hours of ICU admission were modelled using segmented regression. Results: Among 15,291 first admissions to ICU, hypothermia incidence decreased from 29 % to 21 % during the study period. Implementation of a new temporal artery thermometer (TAT) was associated with the majority of the decrease in incidence (10%; 95 % CI 7.1-13%; P &lt;.0001). However, subgroup analysis revealed important differences between medical and surgical patients. Hypothermia incidence decreased among surgical patients before TAT implementation (0.4 % per quarter, 95 % CI 0.1-0.7%, P .009), but not after, whereas in medical patients, the incidence increased after (1.0 % per quarter, 95 % CI 0.6-1.4%, P &lt;.0001) but not before TAT implementation. Segmented logistic regression suggested that increases in the proportion of patients with non-traumatic neurologic admission diagnoses were associated with hypothermia incidence among medical patients, whereas there was no measurable clinical factor associated with the observed time trends among surgical patients. Hypothermia at ICU admission was independently associated with ICU mortality in medical and surgical patients throughout the entire study. Conclusion: The incidence of hypothermia at ICU admission was dependent on medical versus surgical status, and the method of non-invasive temperature measurement, but was persistently associated with ICU mortality.
“Behind all those stones”: activity and society in the pre-pottery Neolithic of the eastern Fertile Crescent

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tools made of chipped stone (mainly cherts, flints and obsidians) are one of the commonest items of material culture recovered from early prehistoric sites. Much study has been devoted to their classification, typology and technology of manufacture, but what might stone tools tell us about the peoples who made and used them? In this short study we use the rich lithic evidence from Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) sites of the eastern Fertile Crescent (western Iran and eastern Iraq) to address some large-scale issues of Neolithic human activities and societies.
Usability of an animated diabetes information tool for patients with different health literacy levels: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Most currently available medication self-management support tools do not meet the needs of patients with limited health literacy. Recently, tools that are better tailored to the needs of patients with limited health literacy have been developed. This study aimed to assess the usability of an animated diabetes information tool by patients with diabetes with limited and adequate health literacy levels. Methods Participants with limited and adequate health literacy levels were selected based on three health literacy questions in a screening interview, and asked to use the tool three times a week, after which individual semistructured interviews were conducted. The interview topics were based on the technology acceptance model (i.e. perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use). Twenty-five patients with diabetes were included in the study. Key findings All participants perceived the tool as easy to use due to a clear overview of topics and only personalized information being provided. Those with limited health literacy indicated that they had learned from the tool and had the intention to continue using it in the future. These participants also expressed the need for the tool to be more actively offered by healthcare professionals, while participants with adequate health literacy expressed the need for more in-depth information. Conclusion The tailored self-management support tool was perceived as usable by all participants. To better serve them, the tool could be further improved by addressing the additional needs of people with limited as well as adequate health literacy.
A conceptual model for car park network system.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With rising levels of car ownership and usage, searching for a parking space has become increasingly difficult for drivers, especially in city-centres with limited land space. The drivers’ choice of car park and the route they take to reach it are the outcomes of highly complex decision processes. To influence such choices, an important mean is to provide drivers with information. Thus we propose a Car Park Network system which provides real-time parking information to drivers through a centralized database. It is a two-way communication system for exchange of information between the operators and the end-users. The system also offers other applications such as reservation function, payment processing, car park navigation and reports and statistics. Hence, it allows end-users to make informed decisions, brings convenience, saves time and money and reduces frustration. At the same time, the car park operators can, with minimal costs, enhance their quality of service, ensure competitiveness, anticipate demand and earn additional revenue. However, as this system is sophisticated and complex, there are many potential challenges and further research needs to be done on certain area.
Optimal rescheduling of generation for congestion relief in deregulated power systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Electricity consumption can be one way of measure of development of country. Deregulation initiates the competition in electricity market which leads to generate more power. Also a modern power grid is widespread and complicates the power network. The generated power is supplied to consumers via transmission and distribution systems. Compared to the regulated system the burden on transmission network will be more due to more generation and consumption. By this transmission network violate some line limits which leads to the congestion. The generation rescheduling is one of the better ways to relieve congestion. However all the generators will not create congestion in transmission lines. In this context a mathematical model was developed to identify the generators which are actively participating in congestion by calculating generator distribution factor using Bialak's upstream looking algorithm. This proposed mathematical model gives the amount of rescheduling of the selected generators. This method is implemented for slandered IEEE 5 bus system and IEEE 30 bus system to verify the results in theoretical as well as practical using Mi Power software.
[The antibacterial efficacy to obligate anaerobes isolated from the infected root canal of deciduous teeth]

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

TMJ osteoarthrosis(OA) is frequently seen in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinics.In order to investigate cellular and molecular basis of the pathogenesis of TMJOA,the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in synovial aspirates from different stages of TMJOA patients were determined and analysed.It was found that both of them were highly correlated with the severity of TMJOA(P<0.0001).A positive linear correlation was also found between IL-1 and IL-6(P<0.0001).The balance and imbalance between MMPs and TIMPS and the modulatory mechanism of cytokines were introduced and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of TMJOA were discussed.
A novel leaf rust resistance gene transferred from Aegilops caudata L. to Triticum aestivum L. maps on chromosome 5D

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaf rust and stripe rust are the two most important foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Host genetic resistance is the most economical and environmentally friendly approach to reduce the losses due to rust diseases in wheat. The germplasm of non-progenitor Aegilops species have been found to be an invaluable source for new resistance genes. The transfer and mapping of a new leaf rust resistance gene from Ae. caudata L. is reported here. A leaf rust resistant accession PAU #3556 of Aegilops caudata was crossed with T. durum and an amphiploid synthesized for transferring leaf rust resistance to T. aestivum through induced homoeologous pairing. Leaf rust resistant introgression lines (ILs) were developed through backcrossing with a leaf rust susceptible cultivar WL711. An F2 population derived from one of the introgression lines segregated for a single leaf rust resistance gene at the seedling (208R:78S; χ =0.79) and adult plant stage (219R:67S; χ =0.37). The testing of F3 progenies confirmed the transfer of a single gene for leaf rust resistance. Bulk segregant analysis was conducted using 101 polymorphic D-genome specific SSR markers. The SSR markers Xcfd18, Xcfd189, Xcfd78 and Xfd81 detected Ae. caudata specific alleles in the parental introgression line and the resistant bulks. All these markers mapped on distal region of 5DS indicated a terminal translocation. Analysis of the F2 population mapped Ae. caudata leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 5DS with Xcfd18 as the closest linked marker.
‘Realities side by side’: God's patience and Abraham's humanity in Genesis 18:16–33

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper argues that in Jesus Christ ‘real humanity’ is revealed as a gift of the patient God, who gives time and space to creatures. While Karl Barth's work in Church Dogmatics §30.3 focuses on God's patience as a mode of his redeeming presence, §44.3 opens up towards, but leaves undeveloped, a providential mode of patience, in which God constitutes his people by choosing them and giving them all they require to hear his Word and respond in obedience. Recognising God's patience in these distinct modes allows biblical instances of divine–human dialogue to be heard in new and compelling ways. For example, it allows Genesis 18:16–33 to be understood as foregrounding Abraham's joyful responsibility to engage with God, making that event, in all its contingency, the description of who Abraham is as real man. In this way, a complete theological anthropology has at its heart God's own perfection of patience.
EXTENSIVE DEEP NECK SPACE ABSCESS DUE TO β-HAEMOLYTIC GROUP G STREPTOCOCCI-A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Beta haemolytic phenotype of group G streptococci was isolated from the pus obtained from a patient with extensive deep neck space abscess. Patient was immunocompetent and made complete recovery after surgical drainage and administration of amoxycillin with clavulanic acid, amikacin and metronidazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report of deep neck space abscess due to group G streptococci.
Non-invasive Archaeometric Studies of Metal Threads with Silk Core Coming from Two Kontush Sashes from the Szczuczyn Excavations in Poland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A kontush sash belonged to costly accessories of ceremonial clothes of Polish nobility. It is a belt made of leather, metal or soft textile, called a sash from the 18th century. In the 2nd half of the 17th century, there was a change in manufacturing technique and ornamentation compositions, and sashes adorned with metal threads appeared. Persian and Turkish belts were the most popular. They have been excavated as burial equipment at archaeological sites. Analyzing these objects is a unique research experience that complements our knowledge of girdle-making in the eighteenth century. The non-invasive archaeometric studies are a significant part of this research. The microscopic observations, X-ray fluorescence and SEM-EDS investigations were made of the metal threads from the textile sashes found in the crypts of Szczuczyn church (North-Eastern Poland).
Marijuana: Proposed Treatment in Trauma Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A standardized treatment approach for trauma patients who test positive for marijuana/THC does not currently exist in the literature. Several medications are recommended to treat withdrawal and the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Methods: A literature search was conducted through Medline and PUBMED following PRISMA guidelines. Key phrases searched for included “marijuana treatment, trauma marijuana patients, and THC interactions with other medications”. Article selection was based on relevance, with focus on diagnosis and management of marijuana positive patients. All studies, regardless of publication date, were considered due to the paucity of published literature. Results: Of the 1853 studies identified, 24 were selected to have material relevant and useful to this review. Both retrospective and prospective reports were identified in order toclosely examine the relationship between marijuana use and Injury Severity Scores, hospital length of stay, and related hospital costs. Limitations: Limitations of this article are similar to all PRISMA-guided review articles: the dependence on previously published research and availability of references as outlined in our methodology. Conclusion: Patients experiencing marijuana withdrawal should be evaluated for divalproex to reduce marijuana cravings; nefazodone to decrease anxiety and muscle pain; and lofexidine to improve sleep as well as help address withdrawal related stress. Administration of benzodiazepines can be considered to limit aggression. Lorazepam and haloperidol have been shown to be effective for cannabinoid hyper emesis syndrome. All trauma patients should receive tobacco, alcohol, and drug screening, followed by reflex confirmatory blood testing to increase accuracy. Patients testing positive for marijuana should be individually addressed, since cannabis and cannabinoids have been found to alter anesthetic potency. In addition, all marijuana/THC patients should undergo counseling in an effort to reduce use and prevent further morbidity and use related complications.
Determination of inflamed paw surface temperature in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The surface temperature of a rat's paw is greatly affected by heat transfer because of its contacts with the body, as well as several environmental conditions. To establish a methodology for determining the surface temperature of the inflamed rat's paw, we devised an individual cage with a pair of rolling rods. The rods were set to protect contacts of paws with the body and were devised to roll easily when rats put their feet on the rods. When a rat was transferred to the individual cage with rolling rods from a group cage, the surface temperature of a normal or inflamed paw fell gradually and reached equiliblium within 10 minutes. The application of the rolling rods markedly narrowed the range of fluctuation of paw surface temperatures at the equilibrium, and increased the temperature difference between inflamed and noninflamed paws. We compared local hyperthermia and swelling of inflamed paws, and tested the effects of indomethacin. The results suggest that the local hyperthermia is a useful index of inflammation and a sensitive parameter for the pharmacological evaluation of antiinflammatory drugs.
Determinants Of Physical Activity In Rural African American Adolescents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE To identify the determinants of PA of African-American schoolchildren ages 12–18 in Tunica County, Mississippi. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among and identify differences between recognized determinants of PA (age, body mass index, perceived SE, and perceived barriers to PA) of the students. METHODS Assessment included height and weight measurements, completion of the Physical Activity Recall, self-efficacy and barriers to PA questionnaires. Subjects wore an MTI accelerometer for seven consecutive days, except when sleeping or bathing. Correlation matrices were conducted for male and female groups for the independent variables self-efficacy, barriers to PA, BMI and age, and the dependent variable, PA. RESULTS Nonsignificant correlations in the male group were found between PA and barriers to PA(r = −0.005, p = 0.977), and self-efficacy (r = 0.102, p = 0.0.527). Nonsignificant correlations in the female group were found between and between PA and barriers to PA (r = 0.411, p=0.119), and age (r = 0.101, p = 0.518). Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed with independent variables that were related to the dependent variable, PA. In males (n = 41) the independent variables of age (r = 0.426, p < 0.05), and BMI (r = 0.543, p < 0.05), were regressed on the dependent variable, PA. The final regression model (with BMI and Age) accounted for 34% of the variance in PA. For females (n = 43), the independent variables of BMI (r = 0.508, p < 0.05), and self-efficacy (r = 0.411, p < 0.05), were regressed on the dependent variable, PA. It was discovered that the final regression model (with BMI and self-efficacy) accounted for 34% of the variance in PA. The Chow test was conducted to compare the regression equations for males and the regression equation for females. The comparison of both male and female regression equations' with the Chow test results in a nonsignificant regression model (F = 2.848, Fcv = 3.564). CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that rural African-American adolescent males' PA is predicted by BMI and age but not self-efficacy and that females' PA is predicted by BMI and self-efficacy, but not age. The results also show that barriers to PA are not predictive of PA in rural African-American adolescents.
An Analysis of Plastic Deformation Developed During Interference Fitting of Disk Brake Hub Bolt

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A brake system in automobile is one of the important parts that directly affect the safety of passengers. Particularly, disk brake module is applied to almost all kinds of automobile brake system due to its remarkable braking power and braking distance. In the disk brake module of an automobile, the bolt for tire wheel is assembled to the disk brake hub by interference fit(bolt pressing process). The process induces small deformation whose range is within tens of ${\mu}m$ and this deformation may cause the runout badness of the whole disk brake module, and even braking problems such as judder or squeal phenomena which makes the loss of braking efficiency. In this study, bolt pressing fit into hub was simulated by $ANSYS^{TM}$, a commercial structure analysis program. Also, the aspect and the cause of hub displacement were analyzed and the solution for decreasing runout of hub was proposed.