jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Projection in Topographic Names

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

DERIVEDfrom a physical peculiarity of the feature to be named, such as its color, shape, size, location (Blue Ridge, Long Island, Grand Canyon, Lake Superior), or else the name may have no such base whatever but may serve to perpetuate the memory of an individual, an event, or an idea -be it arbitrarily or because of a historic connection (Mt.Washington, Lake Erie, Hudson River).In South Dakota, for instance, when it comes to classification of peak names, the largest group, 17 out of 48, is composed of those named for individuals ... The second largest group represents those names which are descriptive of the peaks they identify, six in number, such as Twin and Baldy Peaks. 1 It is the latter type of name that interests us here.If we examine the "descriptive" names, we find that the nature of the mental processes which entered into the act of "describing" may differ greatly.At the one extreme, we have the purely descriptive names, i.e. those that consist simply in naming the characteristic quality of an object: To call a body of water "Blue Lake" or a chain of peaks "Rocky Mountains" is merely to state a factual observation in the simplest and most direct terms: the lake is blue, the mountains are rocky.Other names imply a comparison."Fallen Leaf Lake" (because the lake is shaped like a leaf) states a physical quality but not simply descriptively.These names might be called descriptiveprojective or comparational.At the other extreme we have the descriptive element forced into a secondary place in favor of a more imaginative and less obvious comparison -in names like "the Rabbit Ears" or "Bridal Falls": the projective names.
Radiationless decay in the azabenzenes as studied by opto-acoustic spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadiationless decay in the azabenzenes as studied by opto-acoustic spectroscopyK. Kaya, C. L. Chatelain, M. B. Robin, and N. A. KueblerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 8, 2153–2161Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00841a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00841a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA: TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since 1967, when it was first defined and described the nature and definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has evolved. Based on clinical and radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease in moderately to late premature infants with a history of respiratory distress syndrome, BPD was familiarly defined as a chronic form of lung disease in neonates treated with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation for a primary lung disorder, the nature of BPD has evolved into a “new” form of BPD typically seen in neonates surviving at the threshold of viability and characterized primarily by arrest of alveolar and vascular development. Infants develop BPD in about 1.5% of all newborn births. The incidence of BPD appears to be growing in conjunction with the increased survival of very-low-birth-weight infants who are treated for and recover from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This review has been an up-date of literature data, including animal studies, human pilot studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses and systematic reviews published on the PubMed data base.
Timing of female sterilisation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

potential at the wrist of at least 8-5 ,uV with a latency of less than 2-8 ms.Tinel's sign, sought by tapping the volar aspect of the wrist with a finger, was regarded as positive when tingling or mild electric shock sensations were felt in the median nerve territory in the hand.The data (see table) were arranged in a 2 x 2 contingency table and a x2 test performed.Presence of Tinel's sign in hands with and without CTS With CTS Without CTS No of hands .5152 No of subjects 37 38 Age range (years) 36-84 30-84 Mean age (years) 55 53 % Women .8179 Tinel's sign present 23 (45 O)* 15 (29 o)* *X2=2-26; P=0 10.
The Role of Macronutrients and Gut Microbiota in Neuroinflammation Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a multifaceted pathological condition resulting from external forces that disrupt neuronal integrity and function. This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between dietary macronutrients, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation in the TBI. We delineate the dual aspects of TBI: the immediate mechanical damage (primary injury) and the subsequent biological processes (secondary injury) that exacerbate neuronal damage. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis emerges as a critical factor in the neuroinflammatory response, emphasizing the role of the GM in mediating immune responses. Recent evidence indicates that specific macronutrients, including lipids, proteins, and probiotics, can influence microbiota composition and in turn modulate neuroinflammation. Moreover, specialized dietary interventions may promote resilience against secondary insults and support neurological recovery post-TBI. This review aims to synthesize the current preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential of dietary strategies in mitigating neuroinflammatory pathways, suggesting that targeted nutrition and gut health optimization could serve as promising therapeutic modalities in TBI management.
Mitigation of Calcification in Bovine Percardial Bioprosthesis: The Effects of Posttreatment with Amino Acids

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Borine pericardial bioprosthesis fixed in glutaraldehyde(GA) is most popular surgical materials but late calcific degeneration is remained to be solved. To prevent the calcific degeneration, we sdded MgCl2 into the GA solution to compete with calcium for bending the free aldehyde from GA solution to compete with calcium for binding to the free aldehyde from GA and posttreated with amino acids to enhance the mitigating effect. Methods 40 pieces of bovine pericardia were fixed in 0.625% GA solution with 4g/L MgCl2 · 6H2O as a control(group 1). 40 pieces fixde in the same condition were posttreated with 4% chitosan(group 2) and the other 40 pieces posttreated with 8% glutamate(group 3). These were implanted into the belly of 40 Sprague-Dawley subdermally and extracted on 1 month, 2 month, 3 month and 6 months after implantation. Results We measured the calcium deposited in those pericardia with atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were these ; calcium deposition in group 1 on 1 month after implantation was 0.283±0.059mg/g, 1.338±0.732mg/g in group 2 and 0.469±0.215mg/g in group 3, on the 2nd month 0.921±0.342mg/g in group 1, 6.521±1.919mg/g in group 2 and 2.772±1.747mg/g in group 3, on the 3rd month 0.785±0.212mg/g in group 1, 12.223±3.305mg/g in group 2 and 2.655±0.905mg/g in group 3, and on the 6th month 1.621±1.475mg/g in group 1, 9.121±3.373mg/g in group 2 and 2.916±1.461mg/g in group 3, which have statistical significance(p<0.05). Conclusion This means posttreatment with with chitosan or glutamate show no calcium mitigation effects on subcutaneously implanted bovine pericardium in the this experiment which is quite different from others.
Vein bypass graft and carbon dioxide gas endarterectomy for coronary artery occlusive disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A combination of a vein bypass graft from the aorta to the left anterior descending coronary artery for stenosis of the proximal part of the coronary artery and carbon dioxide gas endarterectomy for total obstruction of a right coronary artery was successfully performed in two patients. This demonstrates the value of direct reconstructive surgery for patients with coronary artery occlusive disease.
Consumer Behavior & Loyalty Toward Endorsement Livestrong and the Lance Armstrong Scandal: An Analysis of Consumer Behavior & Loyalty

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Celebrity-athlete endorsement is a popular and growing resource for current marketing strategies among many corporations. In this respect, there are various questions regarding the worth of celebrity-athletes as a means of marketing and generating consumer loyalty. Corporations and brands must take into account the possible consequences that can be associated with these individuals, specifically when they fall under scandal that leads to a misrepresentation of the corporation or brand that they endorse. In addition, they must consider how these associations affect consumer behavior and loyalty intentions toward their brand or products. This paper will address the following question: When an endorsed celebrity-athlete falls under scandal resulting in negative publicity, how is there an impact on consumer behavior and loyalty toward the corporation or brand that was represented? This question will target the cheating scandal of Lance Armstrong in the sport of cycling and his admittance. This pertains to his prior endorsement of the Livestrong Foundation and brand. From the existent literature that has been examined, it has been found that previous relationships with the brand and its emotional connection with consumers could give reasoning for how Livestrong has withstood this incident. It is expected that this research will reveal the conclusion that Livestrong and other corporations or brands that have created strong ties with its consumer base, have the ability to retain equity and popularity within the market under negative celebrity-athlete associations.
[Diagnosis and treatment of six patients with Crohn's disease complicated by recto-perineal-urethral fistula].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recto-perineal-urethral fistula caused by Crohn's disease is a rare, for which fundamental treatment has not been established yet. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of six male patients with anorectal lesions caused by Crohn's disease. Three patients were treated with abdominoperineal resection and the other three with rectal excision without anastomosis. Excluding one case, which presented worsening immediately after surgery, symptoms of urethral fistula improved without urethral stenosis, dysuria, or sexual dysfunction. Recto-perineal-urethral fistula is currently treated with various treatment modalities, including colostomy and drug therapy. Although the evaluation of these modalities is required, abdominoperineal resection or rectal excision without anastomosis may be a valuable treatment option because these approaches improve the urethral fistula while sparing the urethra without any significant complications.
Regression of mouse sarcoma M(52)B treated with bovine fascia lata extract from animals previously inoculated with Babesia bovis and B. bigemina.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mice with induced tumours of mouse sarcoma M(52)B were treated by injections of extract of bovine fascia lata from two animals which had been inoculated with a mixture of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina--in one case 6 weeks previously and in the second case 8 weeks previously. As a control a further series of mice was injected with an extract of bovine fascia lata taken from a splenectomized animals reared in the laboratory to ensure that it had not come into contact with ticks and was free of Babesia.
Mesenteric vasculitis associated with Sézary syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 71 year old lady with Sézary syndrome presented with chronic diarrhoea and cramping abdominal pains. A small bowel meal x ray examination showed two mid-ileal strictures. At laparotomy the small intestine was found to be sub-acutely obstructed and resection of a 15 cm ileal stricture and stricturoplasty of a second, 10 cm stricture were performed. Histological examination of the stricture revealed a mesenteric vasculitis with secondary ischaemic changes in the small bowel wall. Mesenteric vasculitis causing small bowel stricture may be associated with Sézary syndrome.
Design of Terminal Controller of VAV Air-Conditioning System Based on BAS3000 DDC

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The terminal device (VAVBOX) is the key part in variable air volume (VAV) air conditioning system, by which we can adjust air output, compensate indoor load change, keep room temperature to be constant. The control effect of VAV system depends largely on the performance of terminal device and the coordination between terminal device and the whole system. In this paper, BAS - 3520 DDC produced by Advantech corporation is used to design VAV air conditioning pressure independent terminal controller. Experiments show that the terminal controller based on DDC can well satisfy the system control requirement, the transition time and overshoot of the indoor temperature achieve good improvement. At the same time , with Webaccess introduced, VAV BOX operation condition can be monitored by host computer, what makes the daily management of the VAV BOX more intelligent.
Daniel K. Gardner and Mark C. Carnes. Confucianism and the Succession Crisis of the Wanli Emperor, 1587.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reacting to the Past (RTTP) presents an innovative pedagogical strategy for teaching students history. The series includes games in which students adopt roles and discuss key issues and ideas. Divided into factions, students compete for victory objectives by persuading other students to adopt any number of policy directions. Students are immersed in the time period as they interpret their roles. They are also introduced to the emotional world of historical actors for three to four weeks. The pedagogy uses these emotions to spur research, writing, and public speaking. It works. I have assigned six different games in my courses over the past fifteen years, and Confucianism and the Succession Crisis of the Wanli Emperor, 1587 is one of my favorites. Having played the game three times, I can offer a number of reflections on its value. The game centers on the interpretation of one key text, The Analects, by Kong Fuzi, or Confucius (551–479 b.c.e). An additional text, Ray Huang’s 1587: A Year of No Significance; The Ming Dynasty in Decline (1981), provides historical context. The game book itself also provides historical information and sets the rules of engagement. Instructors download the accompanying student roles, handouts, and secret instructor’s manual from the RTTP website.
Medicine Sales System At Market 3 Mini Medical Pharmacy Web Based

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Market 3 Mini Medical Pharmacy is a business that offers medication and medical device sales services. Currently, the pharmacy operates with a conventional system, requiring customers to visit in person for transactions. By implementing a web-based sales system, Mini Medical Pharmacy aims to provide greater convenience, especially for purchasing the necessary medications. The development of this system is carried out using Visual Studio Code as the development tool, with PHP as the programming language and MySQL as the database. The system development follows the Agile Development methodology, with data collection methods including interviews, observation, and literature review.
Survey of fluoroquinolones residues in cultured eels from the Jeonbuk province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to acquire level on the occurrence of five fluoroquinolones(FQs) residue among cultured eels in Jeonbuk province. Samples were collected from the four local area(Kunsan, Gochang, Wanju and Osu) and surveyed on the distribution of FQs residual level in edible muscle using HPLC method. A total of 90 samples of eel was monitored for detection of the FQs residue. Among them, 30 eels(33.3%) were detected the FQs single or paired, respectively. The detection ratios were showed Osu(40%, 8/20), Gochang(33%, 13/44), Wanju(30%, 6/20) and Kunsan(30%, 3/10) in order, respectively. The ratio was equivalent to over 30% of overall in sampled area. The most frequently detected FQs were perfloxacin(PF) followed by enrofloxacin(EF), ciprofloxacin(CF), ofloxacin(OF) and norfloxacin(NF). Eight different combinations of FQ residual patterns were observed as single(5 type, 21%) or as paired(3type, 12,5%) respectively and frequently encountered patterns were PF(37%) and PF-EF(23%). The residual level of FQs was evaluated in the range of 1-75 ug/kg and the most prevalent levels of FQs was found in 1-25 ug/kg(35 fish, 85%) followed by 26-50 ug/kg(5 fishes, 11%) and 51-75 ug/kg(1 fishes, 3.3%). These results could be possible that the cultured eels were mostly exposed with PF, EF and CF, and might be treated with a variety of fluoroquinolones for prevention of bacterial disease.
‘I couldn’t just entirely be her sister’: the relational and social policy implications of care between young adult siblings with and without disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research has commonly explored siblings of people with disabilities' roles in care for their brothers or sisters with disabilities. Social policy has also commonly framed young adult siblings of people with disabilities as 'young carers'. However, there has been less consideration of the implications of care for the relationship shared between young adult siblings with and without disabilities and of what this may mean for social policy. What do different types of care mean for sibling relationships? What are the relational and social policy implications of care between siblings? Drawing on a qualitative study of 25 siblings with disabilities and 21 siblings without disabilities aged 15–29, this article explores how young adult siblings perceive, talk and act with regard to the different types of care enacted between them. The article identifies how, during young adulthood, some types of care can endanger siblings' capacity to feel like siblings and discusses ways that young adult siblings talk and act in order to – as best they can – keep their role within the bounds of a normative sibling relationship. The findings are discussed in light of implications for social policy, particularly with regard to seeing siblings of people with disabilities as 'young carers'.
Research on Erosion Mechanism and Protection Technology of Sand Bearing Fluid Pipeline

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to explore the influencing factors of sand bearing fluid on pipeline erosion and evaluate the effects of different protection technologies. Through the construction of erosion testing equipment, the influence of sand particle size, concentration and flow rate on the erosion rate was systematically studied. The results show that the increase of sand particle size and concentration and the increase of flow rate will significantly increase the erosion rate. In addition, coating protection technology and alloying technology have been proved to be effective in reducing the erosion rate, and coating protection technology shows better protection effect. It provides theoretical basis and data support for pipeline design and protection in sand bearing fluid environment.
Experimental Study on the Prevention of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Rabbit Knee Using a Hinged External Fixator in Combination with Exercises

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To report the design and effect of our proprietary hinged external fixator, used in combination with treadmill exercise for rabbits with intra-articular inflammation and cartilage degeneration. Methods: Thirty-two white rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups: No treatment (NT), Distraction only (D), Exercise only (Ex), and Distraction plus exercise (D + Ex). Each rabbit underwent an anterior cruciate ligament transection on the right knee, with the contralateral knee used as a sham control (C). Results: In the D + Ex group, the levels of Interleukin (IL)-1β and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in synovium and TNF-α in joint effusion were significantly lower, while the expression of IL-10 in joint effusion and blood was significantly higher. The ratio of IL-10/TNF-alpha in blood was also the highest in the D + Ex group. The condition of collagen loss was examined: the D + Ex group had the lowest level of type II collagen in effusion and C-telopeptides of type II collagen (CTX-II) in blood. On the other hand, the D + Ex group had the highest expression of cartilage regeneration genes, including type II collagen, Aggrecan (AGN), and SRY-box 9 (SOX9). Finally, the histology showed an attenuation of cartilage degeneration with a lower OA score in the D + Ex group. Conclusion: Our hinged external fixator combined with treadmill exercise up-regulated cartilage regeneration genes, reduced synovial and intra-articular inflammation, and reduced type II collagen and proteoglycan loss, indicating the use of the fixator in combination with treadmill exercise could prevent progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis of knee joint in rabbits.
Establishing and Improving the Law System against Corruption in China:From the United Nations Convention against Corruption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is an important issue from judicial organizations how to use the principles and measures from the United Nations Convention against Corruption,create and improve the anti-corruption's law system and organization in China.So,it should carry on the valid strike to the corrupt behavior from both sides: One is establishing and improving the whole directing thought of the anti-corruption law system in crime prevention,paying attention to the real results and strengthening international cooperation,the other is improving the Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law through the criminal legislation activities.At last,China should set up the stereoscopic anti-corruption law system by drafting the related system and measure including the family property declaration.
Optimization of Seed Culture Medium and Conditions for L-threonine Fermentation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The seed culture medium of L-threonine producing strain WS4006-7E-NUT-21 was optimized by orthogonal design.Meanwhile,the factors that might influence the growth of seeds such as cultivation time,pH,and culture volume were studied;and the optimum cultivation condition was obtained.The optimal medium composition was 30 g/L glucose,3 g/L ammonium sulfate,40 g/L corn steep and 5 g/L yeast extract.While the best seed cultivation conditions were cultivating 25 mL liquid seed in 250 mL of flask,originate pH 7.0,cultivation time 16 h and with an inoculation amount of 10%.