jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An undecomposed approach to control design for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY This paper studies control designs for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems under state undecomposed status and presents a number of new results on the stabilization, H ∞ control, and robust adaptive control. It is shown that under a suitable state feedback, two sufficient conditions of impulse‐free can be established for the resulted closed‐loop system. Using the established conditions, the stabilization problem is then discussed for the nonlinear descriptor system, and a stabilization control design procedure is presented; on the basis of which, an admissible H ∞ controller and an admissible robust adaptive controller are designed for the system with external disturbances and/or parametric uncertainties. Simulation results on a nonlinear descriptor circuit system show the efficiency of the controllers proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface-consistent Seismic Data Amplitude Correction Via Learning from Synthetic Models Based On Waveform Modeling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Nowadays waveform modeling-based seismic imaging schemes, such as RTM and FWI, are widely used for the subsurface imaging. The use of waveform modeling-based imaging schemes for land seismic data is not always a straightforward process, and their pre-processing plays key role in the final result. One of the pre-processing steps is surface-consistent amplitude correction to deal with source/receiver response sensitivity and adjust the amplitude of field data to make it suitable for the used imaging scheme. In this paper, we present a novel surface amplitude correction framework based on utilizing the amplitude spectrum of the modeled data produced from some synthetic models in order to tackle these problem. A synthetic and a field data example are shown to discuss the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Heating and Storing Milk on Dairy Farms Before Pasteurization in Milk Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fresh uncooled raw milk was heated at subpasteurization temperatures through a thin plate heat exchanger and stored in a refrigerated bulk tank at 3 + 1 ° C. Equal quantities of heated milk were added to the tank each day or every other day.After 7 days, the stored milk was delivered to a milk processing plant where it was pasteurized.Chemo-biological analysis of the milk before and after pasteurization indicated that the farm-heated milk maintained satisfactory quality after 7 days of storage at 3 -+ 1 ° C. Selected data on the stored milk were comparable to those of regular milk for bacterial counts, acid degree values, and amino acid composition.A consumer panel of 800 persons tasted pasteurized, aged, farmheated (stored) milk, and fresh milk control.About 43% of the panelists expressed no sample preference; 30.8% of the panelists preferred fresh milk.
Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern civilization is dependent on oil to supply energy for power, heating and transportation and carbon for the production of the plethora of chemicals needed. Oil is however a limited resource and alternatives need to be identified before we freeze in the dark [1]. This thesis deals with the production of commodity chemicals from the most abundantly available renewable source of carbon, carbohydrates. The production of alkyl lactates by the Lewis acid catalyzed conversion of hexoses is an interesting alternative to current fermentation based processes. A range of stannosilicates were investigated for this reaction; Sn-BEA, a zeolitic Lewis acid, displays a remarkably high activity for this reaction due to the presence of a uniquely strong acid site, a site which is not observed in other stannosilicates and is therefore likely related to the silicate structure. The tin site in Sn-BEA was studied using DFT calculations, which indicate that the strongest, and most stable, acid site is formed through the introduction of a silicon vacancy adjacent to the tin site. Aromatics are an important class of compounds. In particular benzene, toluene and p-xylene finds use in a wide range of industries. The synthesis of these by the cycloaddition of ethylene to furanic compounds, followed by dehydrative aromatization, was demonstrated in good yields, using a strong Brønsted acidic catalyst, WOx/ZrO2. As both ethylene and furanics can be derived from carbohydrates by known processes, this constitutes a renewable route to aromatics. The conversion of biomass by high temperature processes is a desirable prospect due to the high volumetric production rates which can be achieved, and the ability of these types of processes to convert a wide range of substrates. Current processes however typically have rather low selectivity towards any particular compound, which can be problematic for chemicals production. In the current work, a process for converting monosaccharides by high temperature thermolysis was investigated. A wide range of substrates could be converted with a high selectivity towards C1- to C3-oxygenates through thermal retro-aldol condensations. One compound, glycolaldehyde, could be prepared in yields of over 60% by this method; as this compound can potentially be used as a starting point for producing a wide range of chemicals, such as ethylene glycol or acetic acid, this process could prove to be an efficient initial conversion step in the utilization of biomass for chemicals production. The shift from an oil based chemical industry to one based on renewable resources is bound to happen sooner or later, however the environmental problems associated with the burning of fossil resources means that it is desirable to accelerate the process. To this end, processes for efficiently converting biomass to commodity chemicals are needed, and the above mentioned processes are a small step towards this goal.
Cohomology of Jacobi forms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We define and compute a cohomology of the space of Jacobi forms based on precise analogues of Zhu reduction formulas. A counterpart of the Bott-Segal theorem for the reduction cohomology of Jacobi forms on the torus is proven. It is shown that the reduction cohomology for Jacobi forms is given by the cohomology of $n$-point connections over a deformed vertex operator algebra bundle defined on the torus. The reduction cohomology for Jacobi forms for a vertex operator algebra is determined in terms of the space of analytical continuations of solutions to Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations.
Single image super-resolution via phase congruency analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single image super-resolution (SR) is a severely unconstrained task. While the self-example-based methods are able to reproduce sharp edges, they perform poorly for textures. For recovering the fine details, higher-level image segmentation and corresponding external texture database are employed in the example-based SR methods, but they involve too much human interaction. In this paper, we discuss the existing problems of example-based technique using scale space analysis. Accordingly, a robust pixel classification method is designed based on the phase congruency model in scale space, which can effectively divide images into edges, textures and flat regions. Then a super-resolution framework is proposed, which can adaptively emphasize the importance of high-frequency residuals in structural examples and scale invariant fractal property in textural regions. Experimental results show that our SR approach is able to present both sharp edges and vivid textures with few artifacts.
The relationship between HSP70 and level of leptin and luteinizing hormones in female rats exposed to chronic and acute heat stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The current search experiments designed to study the effect of chronic and acute heat stress on the relationship between HSP70, leptin and luteinizing hormones level in female rats. 45 female pups were used in the age of weaning, were randomly divided into three equal groups. 1st group was a control group, 2nd group exposed to chronic heat stress at 38 ºC for 1hour a day since the age of weaning until onset of puberty and the 3rd group exposed to acute heat stress at 38 ºC for 4 hours per day for 5 consecutive days from 35 day age of rat and each group above were secondary divided into 3 age groups consisted of pre-puberty, at puberty and post-puberty. Results of study showed female rats exposed to chronic and acute stress led to significant increase in the level of luteinizing hormone at onset of the puberty. The result showed correlation coefficient between the level of HSP70 and leptin hormone significantly in the females acute stressed group at onset of puberty, as well as female exposed to chronic heat stress led to significant correlation coefficient between HSP70 and leptin hormone at post puberty. The result revealed significant correlation coefficient between HSP70 and luteinizing hormone in female control group at onset of puberty. It concluded from this study there is relationship between HSP70 and leptin hormone at onset puberty during acute heat stress and same relationship at post puberty during chronic heat stress.
SOME STUDIES ON GZI RINGS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A ring R is called generalized ZI (or GZI for short) if for anya 2 N(R) and b 2 R, ab = 0 implies aRba = 0, which is a proper generalizationof ZI rings. In this paper, many properties of GZI rings are introduced, someknown results are extended. Further, we introduce generalized GZI ringsas a generalization of GZI rings, and quasi-abel rings as a generalization ofgeneralized GZI rings. Some important results on Abel rings are extended togeneralized GZI rings and quasi-abel rings.
A Cooperative Game Strategy Considering the Interaction of New Energy and Demand-side Resources

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the exhaustion of traditional energy, the research and development of new energy provides new ideas for the energy industry. Especially in the current situation of environmental pollution caused by fossil energy is increasingly serious, the role of new energy in helping "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" is becoming more and more important. However, new energy has problems such as high volatility and unstable power generation, which have a certain extent of impact on the consumption and grid connection. Aiming at the field of new energy accommodation, this paper puts forward a method of new energy participating in medium-term and long-term electricity transaction based on source-load interaction. A cooperative game strategy considering the interaction of new energy and demand-side resources is proposed to promote the accommodation of new energy. A numerical study is provided to verify the proposed method.
Intracranial EEG versus flumazenil and glucose PET in children with extratemporal lobe epilepsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[11C]flumazenil (FMZ) PET is significantly more sensitive than 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET for the detection of cortical regions of seizure onset and frequent spiking in patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy, whereas both FDG and FMZ PET show low sensitivity in the detection of cortical areas of rapid seizure spread. The application of PET, in particular FMZ PET, in guiding subdural electrode placement in refractory extratemporal lobe epilepsy will enhance coverage of the epileptogenic zone.
V.—Note on Gazella Daviesii, Hinton, an Antelope from the Norwich Crag

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In 1906 I described a horn-core of a small antelope which had been obtained long ago from the Norwich Crag of Bramerton, and which is now in the collection of Mr. A. S. Kennard. This specimen formerly formed part of the Bayfield collection, and Mr. William Davies had determined it as a horn-core of Capra or Antelope. A comparison showed that it was referable to the genus Gazella , but that it differed from Gazella anglica , a species from the Norwich Crag described by Mr. E. T. Newton, as well as from all the other living and fossil Gazelles respecting which I could obtain information. I therefore ventured to found a new species, G. Daviesii , for the reception of Mr. Kennard's specimen.
Complexation of Z-ligustilide with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to improve stability and oral bioavailability

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract To improve the stability and oral bioavailability of Z-ligustilide (LIG), the inclusion complex of LIG with hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared by the kneading method and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. LIG is capable of forming an inclusion complex with HP-b-CD and the stoichiometry of the complex was 1:1. Stability of the inclusion complex against temperature and light was greatly enhanced compared to that of free LIG. Further, oral bioavailability of LIG and the inclusion complex in rats were studied and the plasma drug concentration-time curves fitted well with the non-compartment model to estimate the absolute bioavailability, which was 7.5 and 35.9 %, respectively. In conclusion, these results show that LIG/HP-β-CD complexation can be of great use for increasing the stability and biological efficacy of LIG
Study on Self-piercing Rivet and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Joint

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, the self-piercing rivet (SPR) experiments were carried out and the mechanical properties tests under different SPR process were taken. The effects of SPR process on the geometric characteristics and strength of the joint were studied. It was found that the SPR joint under displacement-controlled process had larger interlocking value, higher mechanical properties, more stable geometric characteristics, and better mechanical properties. The failure mode of SPR joints was mainly pull-off failure. And the mechanical properties of SPR joints decreased with the increase of head height of SPR, while the residual thickness has no significant effect on the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of SPR joints were significantly improved when structural adhesive was added into SPR joints, in which the failure mode was transformed into joint drawing failure. In addition, the fatigue behavior of SPR joint was studied. It was found that there was no significant difference between displacement-control process and energy-control process in fatigue performance of SPR joint. Moreover, cracks were initiated on the surface, which meet the surface initiation mechanism.
Excitation Wave Detachment from Structural Discontinuities Leading to Generation of Rotors by Enhancement of Gap Junctional Coupling in Rabbit Ventricles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: We have reported that enhancement of gap junctional (GJ) coupling destabilizes 2-D spiral-wave reentry and facilitate its termination through the inhibition of wavefront propagation with high curvature. However the effect of GJ enhancement on excitation waves in ventricles with structural discontinuities is unknown. Methods: 2-D ventricular myocardium of perfused rabbit hearts (n=9) was prepared, and a linear cryolesion was made parallel to the fiber orientation. Electrical stimulation was applied next to the lesion (2.5–12 Hz) and the dynamics of U-turning excitation waves were analyzed by high-resolution optical mapping. Results: Rotigaptide (RG, 0.1 µM) significantly increased conduction velocity (by 12±3% and 13±6% along and across the fiber direction at 6.7 Hz, n=10) in ventricles without cryolesion. In the presence of RG, high frequent stimulation (8–12 Hz) increased the incidence of wavefront-detachments from the edge of the incision compared to controls (5/9 hearts vs. 2/9 hearts) and rotors were formed behind the barrier. Conclusions: The enhancement of GJ coupling facilitates detachment of excitation waves from structural discontinuities and creates rotors. Wavefront detachment may help termination of anatomical reentry, whereas rotor generation may initiate functional reentry.
EFFECT OF THE PARASITOID DIAERETIELLA RAPAE ON THE FEEDING RATE OF ITS HOST BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The food uptake by Brevicoryne brassicae , as measured by accumulation of radiophosphorus, is influenced by the presence of developing larvae of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae. Though the egg and embryonic stages of the parasitoid have no effect on host feeding the presence of a first‐instar larva lowers the food uptake. Feeding returns to a level similar to that of non‐parasitised aphids when a second‐instar parasitoid is present within a host, but drops again when the third instar is reached. Host death occurs during the fourth‐larval instar. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER EINFLUSS DES PARASITOIDEN DIAERETIELLA RAPAE AUF DIE FUTTERAUFNAHME DES WIRTS BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE Der Einfluss der Parasitierung durch den Parasitoiden Diaeretiella rapae auf die Futteraufnahme von Brevicoryne brassicae wurde mit Hilfe ausgeschnittener, mit Radiophosphor behandelter Blätter studiert. Während der ersten Phase, wenn das Ei und die Embryonalstadien des Parasitoiden vorhanden sind, bleibt die Futteraufnahme unverändert. Dagegen fällt sie auf ein gesichert niedrigeres Niveau als bei nichtparasitierten Blattläusen während des ersten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden (48 h). Dies ist eine Folge der aktiven Futteraufnahme des Parasitoiden. Während des zweiten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden steigt die Futteraufnahme des Wirts wieder an und zwar auf das Niveau nichtparasitierter Blattläuse. Das zweite Larvenstadium des Parasitoiden ist ein Ruhestadium und ernährt sich von flüssigen und halbflüssigen Nährstoffen. Während des dritten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden fällt die Futteraufnahme des Wirts und der Tod tritt während des vierten Larvenstadiums des Parasitoiden ein.
A Three-Tier Framework for Intruder Information Sharing in Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In sensor networks, an intruder (i.e., compromised node) identified and isolated in one place can be relocated and/or duplicated to other places to continue attacks; hence, detection and isolation of the same intruder or its clones may have to be conducted repeatedly, wasting scarce network resources. Therefore, once an intruder is identified, it should be known to all innocent nodes such that the intruder or its clones can be recognized when appearing elsewhere. However, secure, efficient and scalable sharing of intruder information remains a challenging and unsolved problem. To address this problem, we propose a three-tier framework, consisting of a verifiable intruder reporting (VIR) scheme, a quorum based caching (QBC) scheme for efficiently propagating intruder reports to the whole network, and a collaborative bloom filter (CBF) scheme for handling intruder information locally. Extensive analysis and evaluations are also conducted to verify the efficiency and scalability of the proposed framework.
Outcome study of the pipeline embolization device for treatment of intracranial aneurysms at a single UK institution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Highly selected aneurysms treated with a PED in a UK centre have similar occlusion and complication rates when compared to non-UK studies. Again, it appeared that delayed aneurysm rupture remained a risk for PED treatment in large or giant aneurysms. Follow-up with TOF MRA gave similar occlusion results compared to those obtained with DSA in other studies. The influence of neck size on occlusion rate should be examined in future PED studies.
Network performance comparison of VPN protocols on wired and wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

VPNs are a well-established method employed by organizations to secure their data communications across un-trusted networks. This is due to their relative low cost and ease with which they can be implemented, VPNs also allow the flexibility for staff to be able to access network resources in a secure manner from anywhere in the world. However performance of the network must be considered alongside the flexibility and security a VPN provides. With the address range of IPv4 all but exhausted organizations are now slowly adopting IPv6 addressing, and alongside this there have also been advances with wireless technologies such as the introduction of IEEE802.11ac. In this research paper we conduct performance evaluations of three VPNs (PPTP, IPSec, and SSTP) in a Windows 7 Windows 2012 Client/Server network environment over wired and wireless media (Ethernet and IEEE802.11ac) using both IP versions and observe their performance. IT is found that IPSec had the worst performance in all network metrics and SSTP had the most consistent performance. PPTP performed well in the IPv4 tests but is incompatible with IPv6.
Isolation of Propionibacterium acnes and Enterobacter cloacae from a case of infective endocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 49-year-old woman became febrile four weeks before admission. There was no clinical evidence of underlying valvular heart disease or tooth extraction.The initial physical examination on admission revealed fever, tachycardia and pansystolic heart murmurs. She had markedly mitral valve vegetations by two-dimensional echocardiograms. Infective endocarditis was therefore suspected. Propionibacterium acnes and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from blood culture.Penicillin G and successive combined antibiotics were administerd, and by the 15th day she became afebrile.On the sixty-seventh day, a prosthetic mitral value was implanted. Microorganisms from the resected mitral valve had no growth.
Joint Design of Transmit Waveform and Mismatch Filter in the Presence of Interrupted Sampling Repeater Jamming

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, a method is proposed to suppress the interrupted sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) by jointly designing the radar waveform and mismatch filter. The joint design problem under multiple constraints is formulated with the optimization criterion of minimizing the integrated sidelobe levels (ISLs) of waveform mismatch filter output and integrated levels (ILs) of ISRJ signal mismatch filter output. An iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the waveform and mismatch filter using Lagrange multiplier method and alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM), respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good pulse compression performance while suppressing the ISRJ.