jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cleveland: A High-Skilled Immigrant Destination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Cleveland metro ranks 44th out of the nation’s 50 largest metros in the concentration of population who are foreign born, at 5.5%. However, in measuring the skill level of each metro, Cleveland has the 7th largest concentration of college-educated immigrants, at 40%. Also, 21.2% of the region’s immigrants have graduate or professional degrees, ranking Cleveland 5th in the nation. It is suggested that Cleveland’s “eds and meds” sector, which ranks 11th in total employment in the nation, is driving a higher proportion of high- compared to low-skilled immigrants. Implications are discussed.
Sensorimotor therapy: its effect on electroencephalograms of acute comatose patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the effect of sensorimotor therapy on cortical activity of acute comatose patients. Frequency changes in delta, theta, and alpha bandwidths taken before and after sensorimotor therapy of three comatose patients were quantified by Compressed Spectral Array and compared to similarly measured changes before and after nontreatment sessions. The two therapy sessions per day consisted of 30 minutes of selected sensory stimulation with requested or elicited motor responses. Two nontreatment sessions daily consisted of 30 minutes of various types of stimulation or rest. Each patient served as an independent control. Results of statistical analyses indicated a differential response to treatment by cerebral hemisphere and by bandwidth in all three subjects, with significant change seen in the more damaged hemisphere and in frequency coinciding with a more alert neurologic state. Results support the hypothesis that sensorimotor therapy has a significantly greater effect on cortical activity of a comatose patient than does passive stimulation.
LC-MS/MS Proteomic Study of MCF-7 Cell Treated with Dox and Dox-Loaded Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Revealed Changes in Proteins Related to Glycolysis, Actin Signalling, and Energy Metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One of the most prevalent death causes among women worldwide is breast cancer. This study aimed to characterise and differentiate the proteomics profiles of breast cancer cell lines treated with Doxorubicin (DOX) and Doxorubicin-CaCO3-nanoparticles (DOX-Ar-CC-NPs). This study determines the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin-loaded aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles using a Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analysis. In total, 334 proteins were expressed in DOX-Ar-CC-NPs treated cells, while DOX treatment expressed only 54 proteins. Out of the 334 proteins expressed in DOX-CC-NPs treated cells, only 36 proteins showed changes in abundance, while in DOX treated cells, only 7 out of 54 proteins were differentially expressed. Most of the 30 identified proteins that are differentially expressed in DOX-CC-NPs treated cells are key enzymes that have an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates as well as energy, including: pyruvate kinase, ATP synthase, enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, and trypsin. Other identified proteins are structural proteins which included; Keratin, α- and β-tubulin, actin, and actinin. Additionally, one of the heat shock proteins was identified, which is Hsp90; other proteins include Annexins and Human epididymis protein 4. While the proteins identified in DOX-treated cells were tubulin alpha-1B chain and a beta chain, actin cytoplasmic 1, annexin A2, IF rod domain-containing protein, and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the predicted canonical pathways linking the signalling of the actin cytoskeleton, ILK, VEGF, BAG2, integrin and paxillin, as well as glycolysis. This research indicates that proteomic analysis is an effective technique for proteins expression associated with chemotherapy drugs on cancer tumours; this method provides the opportunity to identify treatment targets for MCF-7 cancer cells, and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system allowed the detection of a larger number of proteins than 2-DE gel analysis, as well as proteins with maximum pIs and high molecular weight.
Positive Externality of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

U.S. multinational enterprises repatriated over $300 billion under the 2004 tax holiday. The repatriated funds can improve debt financing environment of nonrepatriating firms, especially those that are financially constrained. We document that such an externality of the tax holiday increases debt financing and consequently investments for financially constrained nonrepatriating firms relative to less constrained nonrepatriating firms. Using private loan market data, we further confirm a link from repatriated funds to increased debt financing for financially constrained nonrepatriating firms. Overall, the 2004 tax holiday appears to have benefited the U.S. economy through its positive externality on the debt market.
Peculiarities of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of complicated caries in patients with concomitant somatic pathology

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Relevance . To date, the prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of complicated forms of caries, accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome, is still needed. The main criteria to be met by NSAIDs used by patients are: adequacy of clinical situation, safety, effectiveness. However, if the choice of therapeutic agent is made without taking into account the accompanying somatic pathology, there is a risk of harm to the patient's health, both on the recommendation of the attending physician, and when the patient himself using the drug. The use of NSAIDs in medical practice is often fraught with serious adverse events (AEs), primarily from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular system (CVS), etc. The task of the doctor, who prescribes NSAIDs to the patient, is to minimize the negative effects of these drugs on digestive and cardiovascular system of the patient while achieving the optimal analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Aim . To study the peculiarities of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of complicated caries in patients with concomitant somatic pathology. Materials and methods . Retrospective review of domestic and foreign publications, questionnaire survey of dentists concerning prescribed NSAIDs, and generalized recommendations for prescribing these drugs taking into account the features of general medical diseases were carried out. Results . Basing on literature data and own clinical observations, the most frequently prescribed drugs for pain reaction relief in patients with complicated forms of caries were singled out and recommendations for prescription of NSAIDs in patients with generalosomatic diseases were suggested. Conclusions . This work offers recommendations for the use of NSAIDs in dental patients with concomitant somatic pathology.
A Multisensor Indoor Localization System for Biped Robots Operating in Industrial Environments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper exploits three heterogeneous but complementary technologies along with a cellular automata particle filtering technique for enhancing localization positioning performance. The system is designed to meet challenging indoor operational conditions, thus different types of humanoid motions and industrial conditions were studied and evaluated according to qualitative attributes. In order to assess the proportional contribution of each navigation subsystem based on their accuracy, the extracted qualitative components are introduced to a particle filtering inference system. The final location estimate is calculated by applying different weights in the resampling stage depending on their accuracy performance for each time step. Experimental and simulation results have shown not only a reduced positioning error in terms of localization effectiveness but also a superior performance in several challenging industrial operational conditions. More accurate and real-time positioning is offered by the proposed method which can be also applied to any biped robot even in challenging operational conditions.
Will Business-Led Environmental Initiatives Grow in Agriculture?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article was stimulated by a 1997 American Agricultural Economics Association annual meeting preconference designed by Batie and Ervin. The authors felt that there was considerable interest and activity in business-led environmental management (also caLLed corporate environmental management)-but most of the interest was found outside of the agricultural sector and the profession. The conference was a means to investigate the extent, motivation, and consequences of business-led poLLution prevention activities. The DuPont and the StahLbush Island Farms examples used in this article were drawn from discussions that took place at the conference and which were published in the proceedings. In the article, the authors draw lessons for agriculture informed by the experiences of nonagricultural businesses. They identify and distiLL from these experiences the major roles for the public sector to enable agricultural business-led initiatives to flourish and to be successful.
Antioxidant Properties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Protein Hydrolysates: The In Vitro Evaluation of SOD Activity in THP-1 Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are the third most important grain legume in the world in terms of their area coverage, the volume of production and the amount of trade. The crop is primarily grown in India, being USA, Argentina and Mexico the main producers of chickpea in the American continent. It can be considered as a cheap, sustainable, and healthy source of nutrients with a high content of proteins. In addition, the hydrolysis of chickpea proteins (CPH) can release bioactive peptides with immunomodulatory properties. Hence, the in vitro study of CPH in the monocytic cell line would be a relevant strategy to recognise the immunomodulatory hydrolysates. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of CPH. A chickpea protein concentrate was hydrolysed using Bioprotease-660LA under specific conditions. The resulting hydrolysates were evaluated to search for the potentially bioactive CPHs. The study led to the identification of one bioactive hydrolysate, which was used on THP-1 cell line as it was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the inflammatory status of it. The ELISA and RT-qPCR techniques were used to analyse the levels of inflammatory cytokine production. The total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also evaluated using a commercial determination kit. Our data showed that the selected CPH down-regulated the mRNA transcriptional levels of cytokines IL-1&beta; and TNF-&alpha; in the LPS-stimulated THP-1 cell line. In addition, CPH increased the SOD activity, in contrast to the LPS control. This study suggests that CPH may improve the inflammatory state and play a significant role in the regulation of the SOD signalling pathways in THP-1 cell lines.
Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging of Knee Cartilage After Long-Distance Running

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the detection of changes in the knee cartilage of amateur marathon runners before and after long-distance running. We recruited 23 amateur marathon runners prospectively. MRI scans using UTE-MT and UTE-T2* sequences. UTE-MTR and UTE-T2* were measured for knee cartilage. The UTE-MTR values in lateral tibial plateau, central medial femoral condyle, and medial tibial plateau showed a significant decrease at 2 days post-race compared to the other two time points (P < 0.05). But no significant UTE-T2* changes were found for any cartilage subregions. UTE-MTR is a promising method for the detection of dynamic changes in knee cartilage.
Beta-alanine supplementation in patients with COPD receiving non-linear periodised exercise training or neuromuscular electrical stimulation: protocol of two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Exercise intolerance is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, although multifactorial, it is largely caused by lower-limb muscle dysfunction. Research has shown that patients with severe to very severe COPD have significantly lower levels of muscle carnosine, which acts as a pH buffer and antioxidant. Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has been shown to consistently elevate muscle carnosine in a variety of populations and may therefore improve exercise tolerance and lower-limb muscle function. The primary objective of the current studies is to assess the beneficial effects of BA supplementation in enhancing exercise tolerance on top of two types of exercise training (non-linear periodised exercise (NLPE) training or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)) in patients with COPD. Methods and analysis Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been designed. Patients will routinely receive either NLPE (BASE-TRAIN trial) or NMES (BASE-ELECTRIC trial) as part of standard exercise-based care during their 8-to-10 week pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme. A total of 222 patients with COPD (2×77 = 154 patients in the BASE-TRAIN trial and 2×34 = 68 patients in the BASE-ELECTRIC trial) will be recruited from two specialised PR centres in The Netherlands. For study purposes, patients will receive 3.2 g of oral BA supplementation or placebo per day. Exercise tolerance is the primary outcome, which will be assessed using the endurance shuttle walk test (BASE-TRAIN) or the constant work rate cycle test (BASE-ELECTRIC). Furthermore, quadriceps muscle strength and endurance, cognitive function, carnosine levels (in muscle), BA levels (in blood and muscle), markers of oxidative stress and inflammation (in blood, muscles and lungs), physical activity and quality of life will be measured. Ethics and dissemination Both trials were approved by CMO Regio Arnhem-Nijmegen, The Netherlands (NL70781.091.19. and NL68757.091.19). Trial registration number NTR8427 (BASE-TRAIN) and NTR8419 (BASE-ELECTRIC).
Physical Activity, Exercise, and Aging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the United Kingdom more than 10 million people are now aged over 65 years, and an estimated 19 million people will be over 65 by the middle of this century. The fastest‐growing age group are those aged 80 years and over, who constitute 4.5% (2,749,507) of the total population. Despite the increasing recognition of age‐related changes on quality of life as well as potential health‐care cost implications, etiology and management of age‐related disorders remain major challenges. Both resistance and endurance exercise therapy have been shown to be safe and effective at improving aerobic and oxidative capacity, reversing deconditioning and improving skeletal muscle strength and health‐related quality‐of‐life indices in older people. Despite this evidence, very few people are given clear instructions about exercise. The objective of this chapter is to examine the current evidence of the effects of physical training and to explore the needs and barriers to exercise prescription and provide an insight into the potential of active lifestyles to help maintain health and wellbeing of older people.
A laser‐based multiformat camera for medical imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The spatial resolution and contrast resolution required of a multiformat camera (MFC) for medical imaging are discussed. A typical cathode‐ray tube (CRT) MFC and a prototype laser MFC are compared based on the following measured quantities: line spread function and associated contrast transfer function, noise characteristics, intensity transfer function (dynamic range), large‐area contrast, and film irradiance. The laser MFC is found to provide significantly better performance than the CRT MFC in all of these areas.
Preparation and characterization of spray-dried inhalable powders containing nanoaggregates for pulmonary delivery of anti-tubercular drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aims to prepare spray-dried inhalable powders containing anti-tubercular drugs-loaded HPMC nanoaggregates for sustained delivery of drugs to the lung. Nanoaggregates were prepared by precipitation technique. Results showed that the powders obtained had excellent aerosolization property. High drug encapsulation efficiency was achieved in HPMC nano aggregates, ranging from 60% to 70%. A single pulmonary dose resulted in therapeutic drug concentrations 40% to 60% in the lungs and in other organs (< 5%) for 24 h. From this study, we can conclude that delivering drugs through pulmonary route is advantageous for local action in lungs.
LHD Langmuir4 #936405.183

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins antagonist SM164 ameliorates experimental MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis via enhancing fatty acid oxidation in neutrophils

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of life-threatening autoimmune diseases. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a class of molecules engaged in cell death and inflammation, interventions of which are proven effective in a number of inflammatory diseases. Here we tested whether targeting IAPs could ameliorate AAV and explored the potential mechanism. Methods We collected 19 kidney specimens from patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-AAV to investigate the expression of IAPs. The IAP pan-inhibitor SM164 was used to treat the experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV) rat model of AAV. RNA sequencing of renal cortex and enrichment analysis were developed to interpret gene expression. Functional experiments were performed to investigate the role of SM164 on neutrophils and endothelial cells. Results The expression of three IAPs (cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP) was upregulated in kidneys of AAV patients compared with normal controls. SM164 dramatically reduced renal injury in EAV rats. Transcriptomic analysis revealed prominent alterations in fatty acid oxidation and respiratory burst following SM164 treatment. Functional studies demonstrated that SM164 inhibited neutrophil activation induced by MPO-ANCA positive IgG or serum from MPO-AAV patients, and such inhibitory effect was abolished by gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. SM164 also inhibited the adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells with little effect on the endothelial injury induced by serum from MPO-AAV patients. Conclusion Inhibition of IAPs with SM164 played a protective role in AAV through enhancing intracellular fatty acid oxidation in neutrophils.
Failure in the Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational clinical prophylactic use of antibiotics. METHODS:The cases in whom the clinical prophylactic use of antibiotics between 2006 and 2007 in our hospital showed failure in efficacy were monitored to analyze the cause of failure,meanwhile the clinical samples were sent for culture,isolation,identification and drug susceptibility tests as well as drug resistance analysis. RESULTS:Cephalosporins,Quinolones,Penicillins,Cefhalosporins + enzyme inhibitor were more commonly used antibiotics in our hospital,with drug resistance rates at 57.21%,65.14%,68.63%,and 18.81% respectively. Among the total 240 cases monitored,the prophylactic use of antibiotics totaled 877 times,of which,388 (44.24%) were non-indicated drug use,459 (52.34%) showed drug resistance,286 (32.61%) involved improper drug choice,and 42 (17.50%) showed dual infection. CONCLUSION:The clinical prophylactic use of antibiotics in our hospital is far from perfect; therefore,it is urgent to tighten control on the standard prophylactic use of antibiotics.
“Treat to Persist”, a deepening of the “Treat to Target”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved considerably in recent years, resulting in a notable improvement in the functional capacity, quality and life expectancy of patients1. This improvement is not only due to the development of more and better medications, but mainly to the internalization by most rheumatologists of the concept of treat to target (T2T) or goal-directed treatment2. The T2T establishes 4 basic principles, which include: A) The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis must be based on a joint decision of the rheumatologist and the patient, B) The primary objective of the treatment of RA is to promote a good quality of life long-term, through the control of symptoms, prevention of structural damage, normalization of functional capacity and social participation of the patient, C) Suppression of inflammation is the main way to achieve these goals, D) Treatment towards a Objectively, evaluating disease activity and adjusting treatment accordingly, improves the outcome of RA patients.
UML 2: A model-driven

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

development tool The Unified Modeling Languaget (UMLt) industry standard has recently undergone a major upgrade, resulting in a revision called UML 2. The primary motivation for this revision was to make UML better suited to model-driven developmente (MDDe), an approach to software development in which software models play a vital role. This requires a modeling language that is not only highly expressive but also capable of specifying models that are precise and unambiguous. In this overview article, we describe the key developments in UML 2 and the rationale behind them, and we explain how they help meet the needs of MDD. These new capabilities can be grouped into two distinct categories: (1) internal and architectural changes required to support MDD and (2) new modeling features. This paper is a revised version of a Web article,
[An epidemiogenetic study of typical retinitis pigmentosa in Japan--a preliminary report of nationwide, multicenter study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We performed a nationwide, multicenter study of typical retinitis pigmentosa with reference to the inheritance patterns of the disease. A total of 253 probands were registered during two months of 1989, and an analysis of the parental consanguinity of 182 probands with the method of inbreeding coefficient enabled us to estimate the relative prevalence of genetic types; autosomal recessive trait: 47.6%; autosomal dominant trait: 17.3%; sporadic cases: 34.6%. A comparison of the results with previous studies has indicated a decrease in the prevalence of the autosomal recessive trait and an increase in the sporadic cases, as would be expected from the decrease in consanguineous marriages and offsprings in the past few decades in Japan. X-linked retinitis pigmentosa was rarely identified, but precise evaluation of its frequency needs further investigation.