jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Burden of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors among rural populations in South Andaman Islands, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Elevated BP is an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases; undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension is a dangerous situation where target organ damage can occur leading morbidity and mortality in apparently healthy individuals. Therefore, with an aim to study the burden of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension, this study with a cross sectional study design is undertaken in rural areas of South Andaman Islands. Methods: A community based cross sectional study. A total of 405 participants (Men: 175, Women: 230) were involved, mean age 48.36±15.16 years (Men: 50.69±16.01 years, Women: 46.58±14.26 years). Results: 30.4% of the participants reported that they are known hypertensives, and out of them only 63.41% were on regular treatment. 17.8% of the participants were first time diagnosed with hypertension during this study. Overall, 48.1% of participants are having hypertension (known hypertensives±newly diagnosed hypertensives), and only 63.20% of them know their status on hypertension. A large proportion are in Pre-hypertension status (52.04%). Conclusions: Almost half of the population are having burden of hypertension, and nearly 1/3rd of them do not know that they have hypertension; and among those who know the status, only 2/3rd of them are on regular treatment; and a large proportion of population is in pre-hypertension. We need to undertake rigorous efforts to unmask, diagnose and treat hypertension in the community.
Regulation of IGF-I and -II by Insulin in Primary Cultures of Fetal Rat Hepatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During perinatal development, insulin and nutrients, rather than GH, regulate the IGF system. A selective primary culture of fetal rat hepatocytes has been established in our laboratory to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the above regulatory factors on IGF-I and -II gene expression during the late fetal period of the rat. In this model we have previously reported a regulatory role for glucose on IGF-I and -II synthesis and secretion. In the same experimental model, we now report that doses of insulin (0.1-5 μM) within the physiological range in rat fetuses during the last stages of gestation evoke an increase of IGF-I and -II mRNA abundance. Insulin regulated in a parallel manner IGF peptide secretion, and an excellent correlation was observed between IGF-I and -II mRNA and IGF-I and -II peptide levels in the conditioned media in response to the hormone. Finally, the insulin-induced rise in IGF-I and -II mRNA was not mediated by stimulation of gene transcription but by increased transcript stability. The results support the hypothesis that insulin plays a major role in IGF regulation at immature stages of development.
Establishing a benchmark for re-identification methods and its validation using fuzzy clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Privacy preserving data mining and statistical disclosure control are related fields with increasing importance nowadays. They aim is to allow the publication of sensible data without compromising the privacy of data respondents. To that end, masking methods have been designed so that data are distorted in a way that preserves confidentiality and data utility. Alternatively, methods have been constructed to generate synthetic data that have properties similar to the ones of the original data. At the same time, recent research in re-identification methods (record and variable matching) has been pushed forward due to the current interest on security issues and the huge amount of data stored in databases. However, there is no standard methodology for comparing alternative re-identification methods. In this paper we propose the use of masking methods and synthetic data generators for building benchmarks for matching methods. We validate our approach using fuzzy clustering.
Patient perception of voxelotor treatment benefit in sickle cell disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience a range of clinical symptoms, including acute and chronic pain, fatigue, and respiratory problems, as well as chronic organ complications that can lead to disability and accelerated mortality. Voxelotor is a first-in-class therapy that targets sickle hemoglobin polymerization, the root cause of SCD. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of SCD in patients aged 4 years and older and in the European Union and United Arab Emirates for the treatment of SCD in patients aged 12 years and older. Here, we report the single-center experience of both clinician-determined and patient-reported benefits of voxelotor in 27 consecutive patients treated for at least 8 weeks. Clinical Global Impression of Change and Patient Global Impression of Change rating scales were used to capture clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions of change in overall patient health-related quality-of-life with voxelotor treatment. Laboratory data were also collected to assess clinical response to treatment. As observed in previous clinical studies, hemoglobin concentrations and markers of hemolysis were improved in patients treated with voxelotor. Most patients reported marked improvement in disease symptoms, which correlated well with the clinicians’ assessments. Although limited by the retrospective open-label study design, these findings suggest that voxelotor use has a positive impact on outcomes in patients with SCD.
Local Adaptation to Biotic Interactions: A Meta-analysis across Latitudes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Adaptation to local conditions can increase species' geographic distributions and rates of diversification, but which components of the environment commonly drive local adaptation-particularly the importance of biotic interactions-is unclear. Biotic interactions should drive local adaptation when they impose consistent divergent selection; if this is common, we expect transplant experiments to detect more frequent and stronger local adaptation when biotic interactions are left intact. We tested this hypothesis using a meta-analysis of transplant experiments from >125 studies (mostly of plants). Overall, local adaptation was common, and biotic interactions affected fitness. Nevertheless, local adaptation was neither more common nor stronger when biotic interactions were left intact, either between experimental treatments within studies (control vs. biotic interactions experimentally manipulated) or between studies that used natural versus biotically altered transplant environments. However, the effect of ameliorating negative interactions varied with latitude, suggesting that interactions may promote local adaptation more often in tropical than in temperate ecosystems, although few tropical studies were available to test this. Our results suggest that biotic interactions often fail to drive local adaptation even though they strongly affect fitness, perhaps because temperate biotic environments are unpredictable at the spatiotemporal scales required for local adaptation.
Towards circular manufacturing systems implementation: A complex adaptive systems perspective using modelling and simulation as a quantitative analysis tool

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A transition towards circular manufacturing systems (CMS) has brought awareness of untapped economic and environmental benefits for the manufacturing industry. Conventional manufacturing systems already present a high level of complexity in terms of physical flows of materials and products as well as information and financial flows linked to them. Closing the loop of materials and products through multiple lifecycles, as proposed in CMS, increases this complexity manifold. To support practitioners in implementing CMS through enhanced decision-making, this research studies CMS from a complex adaptive systems (CAS) perspective and proposes to exploit methods and tools used in the study of CAS to characterise, model and analyse CMS. By viewing CMS as CAS composed of autonomous, interacting agents, this research proposes a multi-method model architecture for modelling and simulating CMS. The different CMS stakeholders are modelled individually as autonomous agents by integrating agent-based, discrete-event, and/or system dynamics modules within each agent to capture their diverse and heterogeneous nature. The applicability of the proposed multi-method approach is illustrated through a case study of a white goods manufacturing company implementing CMS in practice. This case study shows the relevance and feasibility of the proposed multi-method approach as a decision support tool for the systemic exploration and quantification of CMS. It also shows how a transition towards CMS necessitates a lifecycle approach in terms of costs, revenues and environmental impacts to identify hotspots and, therefore, design circular systems that are viable in both economic and environmental terms. In fact, the analyses of the simulation results indicate how decisions in terms of business models, product design, and supply chain might affect the CMS performance of the case company. For instance, implementing a service-based model led to a high number of usecycles (on average six usecycles per washing machine), which, in turn, led to high lifecycle costs and emissions due to more frequent transportation and recovery operations. Similarly, the deployment of long-lasting washing machines, which is a core principle of CMS, led to high manufacturing costs. Due to the high initial costs and a time mismatch between revenues and costs in the service-based model, it required a longer time for the company to reach the break-even point (approximately 23 months). Overall, the case study shows that multi-method simulation modelling can provide decision-making support for a successful implementation of CMS.
Synthesis and Properties of Al‐Ni‐La Bulk Metallic Glass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Al85.5Ni9.5La5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) with a size of 1 mm is synthesized for the first time through a two-step melt treatment. The treatment effectively removes the local structural ordering and high-temperature phases, as well as allowing a high cooling rate. The sample displays good mechanical properties. The compressive fracture strength is about 1180 MPa, which is higher than that of most Mg-based BMGs and Al alloys.
Germ Cell Tumors in the Intersex Gonad: Old Paths, New Directions, Moving Frontiers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The risk for the development of germ cell tumors is an important factor to deal with in the management of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD). However, this risk is often hard to predict. Recently, major progress has been made in identifying gene-products related to germ cell tumor development (testis-specific protein-Y encoded and octamer binding transcription factor 3/4) and in recognizing early changes of germ cells (maturation delay, preneoplastic lesions, and in situ neoplasia). The newly recognized “undifferentiated gonadal tissue” has been identified as a gonadal differentiation pattern bearing a high risk for the development of gonadoblastoma. It is expected that the combination of these findings will allow for estimation of the risk for tumor development in the individual patient (high risk/intermediate risk/low risk). This article reviews the recent literature regarding the prevalence of germ cell tumors in patients with DSD. Some major limitations regarding this topic, including a confusing terminology referring to the different forms of intersex disorders and unclear criteria for the diagnosis of malignant germ cells at an early age (maturation delay vs. early steps in malignant transformation) are discussed. Thereafter, an overview of the recent advances that have been made in our knowledge of germ cell tumor development and the correct diagnosis of early neoplastic lesions in this patient population is provided. A new classification system for patients with DSD is proposed as a tool to refine our insight in the prevalence of germ cell tumors in specific diagnostic groups.
Detection of Various Diseases in Fruits and Vegetables with the Help of Different Deep Learning Techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fruit and vegetable diseases have an important place in the food sector in terms of sustainable agricultural policies. Thus, ıt affects tissues, targeting and negatively impacting the food supply. In this study, Two separate Deep Learning (CNN, AlexNet) models were employed to detect this difference, visual damage and surface marker seen in fruits and vegetables. 22 strawberries and 18 tomato images were used for this analysis, and than data augmentation was implemented 600 images out of 40 images using the image reproduction broadcast. As a result, 83.3% success was achieved.
Influence of Temperature on the Chromatic Dispersion of Photonic Crystal Fiber by Infiltrating the Air Holes with Water

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes study of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in order to study the influence of temperature on the chromatic dispersion; these types of fibers are based on commercial structures, but air holes will be infiltrated with water. Using finite domain-beam propagation method, it is shown that the zero dispersion wavelength can be shifted from 1.058753 to 1.271767 µm, a shift of 213 nm. At 50 °C, a shift of 169 nm. As a result, we reveal that the proposed PCF can successfully compensate for the chromatic dispersion by the influence of temperature. Furthermore, the design model and methodology can be applied to design other dispersion-based devices, such as dispersion-flattened fibers and dispersion-shifted fibers, or can be used also as a sensor of temperature.
Research relevance in the world scenario

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This presentation aims to reflect about University and Enterprises Engagement as key factor in the promotion of sustainable development, pursued by all nations in present world. It is based on an extensive bibliographical research and the practical experience close to different universities and enterprises. The collaborations, integration and partnerships between university and industry must be pursued by the executives and academics by managing the agreements on the core elements necessary to make the partnership work well and last time enough to get good results.
Culturally and Geographically Relevant Content in Secondary Physical Education: Lessons from the Greenbrier CHOICES Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the concept of culturally and geographically relevant content and provides suggestions for its implementation in secondary physical education. The authors define culturally and geographically relevant content as that which is congruent with the contextual environment in which it is being taught and is determined by the students' background and interests, the physical environment surrounding them, and what resonates with their way of life. The suggestions for including culturally and geographically relevant content in a physical education curriculum discussed in this article are a result of lessons learned through the Greenbrier CHOICES project, a three-year multicomponent school-based initiative funded by a U.S. Department of Education Carol M. White Physical Education Grant and implemented in two middle schools in an Appalachian state.
PPARs and angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor) family consists of three ligand-activated nuclear receptors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. These PPARs have important roles in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, cell differentiation and immune function, but were also found to be expressed in endothelial cells in the late 1990s. The early endothelial focus of PPARs was PPARγ, the molecular target for the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione/glitazone class of drugs. Activation of PPARγ was shown to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in models of retinopathy and cancer, whereas more recent data point to a critical role in the development of the vasculature in the placenta. Similarly, PPARα, the molecular target for the fibrate class of drugs, also has anti-angiogenic properties in experimental models. In contrast, unlike PPARα or PPARγ, activation of PPARβ/δ induces angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo, and has been suggested to be a critical component of the angiogenic switch in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, PPARβ/δ is an exercise mimetic and appears to contribute to the angiogenic remodelling of cardiac and skeletal muscle induced by exercise. This evidence and the emerging mechanisms by which PPARs act in endothelial cells are discussed in more detail.
ADRENAL VIRILISM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The virilizing syndrome in children is characterized by the masculinization of the female and the attainment of precocious puberty in the male. There are some variations in the clinical syndrome that depend on the age of onset of the disease and the endocrine gland responsible. In the female, infantile virilism presents the clinical picture of pseudohermaphroditism and subsequent early masculinization. If the disease has its onset later in childhood, there is superimposed masculinization of the normal female genitalia. In the male, on the other hand, the precocity is along isosexual lines with the resultant clinical picture of macrogenitosomia precox. The virilizing syndrome may be associated with hypothalamic disease, constitutional precocity (both of which occur in boys along isosexual lines), and testicular or ovarian tumors, and, most frequently of all, may be due to hyperadrenalism. Because of this commoner occurrence, the syndrome has been called adrenal virilism. Adrenal virilism may be
Uji Aktivitas Analgetik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia [l.] Pers) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pain is an uncomfortable feeling caused by strong or destructive stimulation, if unchecked can affect daily routine. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect and dosage of the leaf extract ethanol, as well as to determine the effectiveness of the leaf extract ethanol as a narcotic analgesic by the Tail Flick method or as a non-narcotic analgesic by the Paw Pressure Test Randall Selitto method. Extraction was done by maceration of leaf powder with a solvent 96% ethanol. 25 male Wistar white rats were divided into 5 groups, positive group mefenamic acid 9 mg /200 g BW for the Paw Pressure Test Randall Selitto Method and tramadol 0.9 mg /200 g BW for the Tail Flick Method, negative control CMC Na 0,5%, ethanol extract leaves inggu leaves a dose of 10 mg /200 g BW, 20 mg /200 g BW and 40 mg /200 g BW. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA test, then LSD test was used to determine differences between groups. The results showed extract dosage of 10 mg /200 g BW, 20 mg /200 g BW, 40 mg /200 g BW had analgesic effect. Extract dosage of 20 mg /200 g BW and 40 mg /200 g BW in the Randall selitto Paw Pressure Test method is equivalent to mefenamic acid, extract dose 10 mg /200 g BW, 20 mg /200 g BW, and 40 mg /200 g BW the Tail Flick method is equivalent to Tramadol. Ethanol leaf extract is more effective as a narcotic analgesic by the Tail Flick method.
Geometric Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a popular technique that allows an agent to learn by trial and error while interacting with a dynamic environment. The traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach has been successful in learning and predicting Euclidean robotic manipulation skills such as positions, velocities, and forces. However, in robotics, it is common to encounter non-Euclidean data such as orientation or stiffness, and failing to account for their geometric nature can negatively impact learning accuracy and performance. In this paper, to address this challenge, we propose a novel framework for RL that leverages Riemannian geometry, which we call Geometric Reinforcement Learning ( $\mathcal {G}$ -RL), to enable agents to learn robotic manipulation skills with non-Euclidean data. Specifically, $\mathcal {G}$ -RL utilizes the tangent space in two ways: a tangent space for parameterization and a local tangent space for mapping to a non-Euclidean manifold. The policy is learned in the parameterization tangent space, which remains constant throughout the training. The policy is then transferred to the local tangent space via parallel transport and projected onto the non-Euclidean manifold. The local tangent space changes over time to remain within the neighborhood of the current manifold point, reducing the approximation error. Therefore, by introducing a geometrically grounded pre- and post-processing step into the traditional RL pipeline, our $\mathcal {G}$ -RL framework enables several model-free algorithms designed for Euclidean space to learn from non-Euclidean data without modifications. Experimental results, obtained both in simulation and on a real robot, support our hypothesis that $\mathcal {G}$ -RL is more accurate and converges to a better solution than approximating non-Euclidean data.
Effect of osmotic drying on physicochemical properties of pansies (viola × wittrockiana)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;The objective of this work was to study the effect of osmotic drying, using different hypertonic solutions (sucrose and sodium chloride), on physicochemical characteristics of pansies (Viola &amp;Ouml; wittrockiana). The same treatments were applied to lettuce to compare the behavior of flowers with other vegetables. Pansies&amp;rsquo; superhydrophobic surface structure, called papillae, increased the resistance to exchanges with hypertonic solutions. No weight loss was observed after most treatments (sucrose: between 2.2 and 6.8 %; NaCl: between -23.0 % and 1.5 %), aw maintained high values (&amp;gt; 0,94) and monomeric anthocyanins were preserved (fresh 0.10 and 0.19 mg Cy-3glu/g fresh matter for 20%/1 h in NaCl and 60%/1 h in sucrose). When applying more drastic conditions, as sodium chloride for more than 1 hour, undesirable textural and color changes were observed. For lettuce, all treatments caused osmotic dehydration, weight loss (ranged between -9.3 to -30.3 % for 80%/1 h in sucrose and 15%/1 h in NaCl) and a reduction in aw (&amp;lt; 0,97) and carotenoids, with sodium chloride causing more damage in visual appearance than sucrose. Therefore, immersion in osmotic solutions can be applied to lettuce but the desired effect was not achieved for pansies due to the morphological structure of the flowers&amp;rsquo; epidermis.&lt;/p&gt;