jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Investigation of Instructors’ Attitudes With Respect to Formal Verses Informal English Teaching/Learning Contexts in Hamedan Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are two important poles in Iranian English language contexts: schools or universities (formal contexts) and Language Teaching Institutes (informal contexts). The difference of contexts entails different teaching methods, different attitudes and different students' needs. Teachers interact differently with these situations to meet these needs because their attitudes toward ELT contexts is not the same; some teachers are more experienced than others , some hold higher academic degrees , in addition, teachers may have been graduated from different universities , i.e., Islamic Azad and state-run universities . What may be the influence of these criteria on their attitudes toward teaching? Do these criteria contribute to their choice of teaching method and class activities in formal and informal teaching contexts? This investigation aims at designating differences among formal and informal language teaching contexts as well as teachers' perceptions of their roles and practices in these contexts.
Picky Attackers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Honeypots constitute an invaluable piece of technology that allows researchers and security practitioners to track the evolution of break-in techniques by attackers and discover new malicious IP addresses, hosts, and victims. Even though there has been a wealth of research where researchers deploy honeypots for a period of time and report on their findings, there is little work that attempts to understand how the underlying properties of a compromised system affect the actions of attackers. In this paper, we report on a four-month long study involving 102 medium-interaction honeypots where we vary a honeypot's location, difficulty of break-in, and population of files, observing how these differences elicit different behaviors from attackers. Moreover, we purposefully leak the credentials of dedicated, hard-to-brute-force, honeypots to hacking forums and paste-sites and monitor the actions of the incoming attackers. Among others, we find that, even though bots perform specific environment-agnostic actions, human attackers are affected by the underlying environment, e.g., executing more commands on honeypots with realistic files and folder structures. Based on our findings, we provide guidance for future honeypot deployments and motivate the need for having multiple intrusion-detection systems.
[P2–436]: HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS AND COMORBIDITIES IN THE AGING BRAIN

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a neuropathologic entity frequently seen at autopsy in the aged brain. It is characterized by pronounced neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and subiculum; the neuronal loss is out of proportion to neuronal loss in the context of Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). The contribution of HS to the clinical phenotype of cognitive impairment and dementia is equivocal. Therefore, we set out to test the hypothesis that HS contributes to cognitive impairment in the elderly. We reviewed the neuropathology of 1,381 cases collected between 1981 and 2014 in the archive of the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. To determine the contribution of HS to cognitive impairment in the context of ADNC we used HS cases with age-, gender- and CDR at expiration-matched ADNC cases and age- and gender-matched control cases. To assess more precisely the neuronal loss in HS we used stereologic methods (probe: dissector; Sterio Investigator, MicroBrightField, Vermont, USA). In addition, counts of neuronal TDP-43-positive inclusions were made. Demographic, neuropathologic, clinical and psychometric data were analyzed. Ninety-three cases had HS (6.7%). The mean age at death of the HS cases was 86.6 years which was older than that of the entire cohort (81.9 years). There were 7 cases with pure HS, 37 cases had ADNC+HS and no comorbidity. Twenty-five cases had two or more comorbid pathologies in addition to HS. The ratio of neuron numbers in CA1 to the parahippocampal gyrus was 0.15 for all the HS cases, which was significantly lower than 0.64 for ADNC and 0.66 for pure control cases (t-test, p<0.001). TDP-43 pathology was seen in 94.6% of HS cases, similar to that reported in other studies. Pure HS cases were more likely to have cognitive impairment than pure control cases. Only 2 HS cases were cognitively normal at expiration and both were TDP-43-negative. The ratio of neuronal counts in the CA1 subfield to counts on the parahippocampal gyrus is a useful measure to distinguish HS in the context of ADNC. HS contributes to cognitive impairment to only a modest degree.
SMZ/SNZ and gibberellin signaling are required for nitrate-elicited delay of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reproductive success of plants largely depends on the correct programming of developmental phase transitions, particularly the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. The timing of this transition is finely regulated by the integration of an array of environmental and endogenous factors. Nitrogen is the mineral macronutrient that plants require in the largest amount, and as such its availability greatly impacts on many aspects of plant growth and development, including flowering time. We found that nitrate signaling interacts with the age-related and gibberellic acid pathways to control flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. We revealed that repressors of flowering time belonging to the AP2-type transcription factor family including SCHLAFMUTZE (SMZ) and SCHNARCHZAPFEN (SNZ) are important regulators of flowering time in response to nitrate. Our results support a model whereby nitrate activates SMZ and SNZ via the gibberellin pathway to repress flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Impact of radius and skew angle on areal density in heat assisted magnetic recording hard disk drives

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the impact that factors such as skew, radius, and transition curvature have on areal density capability in heat-assisted magnetic recording hard disk drives. We explore a “ballistic seek” approach for capturing in-situ scan line images of the magnetization footprint on the recording media, and extract parametric results of recording characteristics such as transition curvature. We take full advantage of the significantly improved cycle time to apply a statistical treatment to relatively large samples of experimental curvature data to evaluate measurement capability. Quantitative analysis of factors that impact transition curvature reveals an asymmetry in the curvature profile that is strongly correlated to skew angle. Another less obvious skew-related effect is an overall decrease in curvature as skew angle increases. Using conventional perpendicular magnetic recording as the reference case, we characterize areal density capability as a function of recording position.
A rapid method for quantitative determination of pectic substances

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A rapid and quantitative method has been developed to determine the amount of soluble and insoluble pectins. The method does not require extraction or purification, even plant homogenates may be used, and it can be applied to pectins of various origin. The determination of pectic substances by previous methods can be performed only on pectins in solution. The present rapid method is based on the titration of deesterified pectins after acid precipitation. The speed and simplicity also makes this quantitative method highly useful for the determination of pectins during food processing.
Assessing the Nexus Between Green Economic Recovery, Green Finance, and CO2 Emission: Role of Supply Chain Performance and Economic Growth

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmentalists are more concerned with the environment in this age of industrialization, and they are continually interested in researching factors that can facilitate the transition towards sustainability. This study applies an econometric technique called the panel Generalized Method of Moments generalized moments to analyze green finance and renewable energy's impact on CO 2 emissions from 2010 to 2019. According to the findings, green finance has a significant negative and positive impact on carbon emissions and green economic recovery. In addition, the results showed that logistics operations use energy and fossil fuel, and the findings also showed that the amount of fossil fuel and non-green energy sources creates a significant harmful effect on the environmental sustainability, in addition to having a negative impact on economic growth. Inadequate transportation-related infrastructure and logistics services are other significant contributors to CO 2 and overall emissions of greenhouse gases. According to the findings, sustainable energy development can be advanced by fostering the growth of green finance. This can be accomplished by employing a variety of metrics that pertain to the three dimensions of economic development, financial development, and environmental development.
A rare cytogenetic presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M2).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22) generating the AML1/ETO fusion gene on 8q22 is a distinct type of AML t(8;21) category (WHO)/AML-M2 (FAB), generally associated with a favourable prognosis. Variant additional chromosomal abnormalities are frequently reported. We report three adult cases of this category with unusual karyotype. Bone marrow cytogenetics of case no. 1: 45,X,-Y, t(8;21)(q13;q22) with a novel breakpoint of chromosome 8 at (q13). Case no. 2: 46,X,t(X;2)(q22;q37),t(3;7)(q21;q36),t(5;14)(p15;q11),del(8)(q22) a complex rearrangement without the involvement of chromosome 21. Case no. 3: 49,XX,+5, t(8;21)(q22;q22), +16, +der(21)t(8;21)(q22;q22) with additional der(21). Endometrial in this case which was positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD117 conforming the AML infiltration. All are morphologically AML with t(8;21). Relevant literature in cytogenetic of AML-M2 is reviewed. The molecular mechanism involved in unusual rearrangements and clinical significance of them are subjected for further studies.
Outbreak of Anthrax Associated with Handling and Eating Meat from a Cow, Uganda, 2018

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On April 20, 2018, the Kween District Health Office in Kween District, Uganda reported 7 suspected cases of human anthrax. A team from the Uganda Ministry of Health and partners investigated and identified 49 cases, 3 confirmed and 46 suspected; no deaths were reported. Multiple exposures from handling the carcass of a cow that had died suddenly were significantly associated with cutaneous anthrax, whereas eating meat from that cow was associated with gastrointestinal anthrax. Eating undercooked meat was significantly associated with gastrointestinal anthrax, but boiling the meat for >60 minutes was protective. We recommended providing postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis for all exposed persons, vaccinating healthy livestock in the area, educating farmers to safely dispose of animal carcasses, and avoiding handling or eating meat from livestock that died of unknown causes.
Myocardial Parvovirus B19 Persistence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Multiple viruses have been isolated from the heart, but their significance remains controversial. We sought to determine the prevalence of cardiotropic viruses in endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) samples from adult patients with heart failure (HF) and to define the clinicopathologic profile of patients exhibiting viral positivity. Methods and Results— EMB from 100 patients (median ejection fraction, 30%; interquartile range [IQR], 20% to 45%) presenting for cardiomyopathy evaluation (median symptom duration, 5 months; IQR, 1 to 13 months) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, and parvovirus B19. Each isolate was sequenced, and viral load was determined. Parvovirus B19 was the only virus detected in EMB samples (12% of subjects). No patient had antiparvovirus IgM antibodies, but all had IgG antibodies, suggesting viral persistence. The clinical presentation of parvovirus-positive patients was markedly heterogeneous with both acute and chronic HF, variable ventricular function, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. No patient met Dallas histopathologic criteria for active or borderline myocarditis. Two patients with a positive cardiac MRI and presumed “parvomyocarditis” had similar viral loads to autopsy controls without heart disease. The oldest parvovirus-positive patients were positive for genotype 2, suggesting lifelong persistence in the myocardium. Conclusions— Parvovirus B19 was the only virus isolated from EMB samples in this series of adult patients with HF from the United States. Positivity was associated with a wide array of clinical presentations and HF phenotypes. Our studies do not support a causative role for parvovirus B19 persistence in HF and, therefore, advocate against the use of antiviral therapy for these patients.
Abstract TP9: Variability in Endovascular Thrombectomy Treatment in San Diego County

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) after Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) has shown to improve outcomes in multiple large clinical trials. Most participating centers, however, were large academic hospitals. We studied EVT use in a community setting covering a population of 3.2 million that includes 16 teaching and non-teaching facilities of variable sizes across San Diego County. This provides one of the first comprehensive community-based analyses on early adoption of EVT. Methods: We included all AIS cases treated at an EVT-capable stroke receiving center from the San Diego County EMS Stroke Registry from July 2016 through June 2017. Documented groin puncture date and time indicated EVT treatment. We analyzed the frequency of EVT by center, baseline demographics, admission source, treatment times, use of tPA and discharge disposition. Results: In total, 3,033 AIS patients were treated from July 2016 through June 2017; 266 (8.8%) underwent EVT. The rate per center varied from 1.7 to 17.5%. The mean (±SD) initial NIHSS was 18.0 (±8.4); mean age 74.4(±14.2) years; 48.9% women, 64.7% arrived by EMS, 29.0% by interfacility transfer, 55.3% received tPA, in-hospital mortality was 15.0%, discharge to home 20.7%, to nursing facility 24.4%. Last known well (LKW) was documented in 249 cases (93.6%) of which 201 (80.7%) received EVT within 6 hours of LKW. Mean (±SD) LKW to EVT time for EMS cases was 4.9(±5.9) hours versus 5.8(±6.4) hours for interfacility transfers. The range of mean LKW to EVT was 0.7 hours to 71.4 hours (IQR=2.7-5.3 hours). Arrival to EVT time was documented in 253 cases (95.1%), of which 40.3% received EVT within 90 minutes of arrival at the treating center. The frequency of treatment within 90 minutes from arrival varied between centers from 0.0% to 63.0%. The mean (±SD) time from arrival to EVT was 2.5(±3.9) hours, ranging from 1.6 hours to 11.5 hours between centers (IQR=1.2-2.5 hours). Conclusion: Endovascular thrombectomy treatment rates vary across centers within San Diego County. The overall treatment rate is 8.8%. Nearly three in ten patients arrived to an embolectomy capable center via interfacility transfer, with slightly longer last known well to treatment times. Continued analysis will provide data to support future policy and protocol changes.
Hospitalizations in Dialysis End-Stage Renal Failure Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cost of treating end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients includes not only the cost of dialysis and related medications but also the cost of hospitalizing these patients. This study examines the hospitalization rate in ESRF patients. During 1993, 126 ESRF patients were dialyzed in our institution. All hospitalizations were recorded. The study included 213 hospitalizations in 91 patients (mean 1.7 hospitalizations/patient/year). The mean length of each hospitalization was 4.8 +/- 5.6 days. Seventy-six hospitalizations were for 1 day. Access (vascular and peritoneal) was the main cause (31%), but these admissions accounted for only 8.7% of days in hospital, while cardiovascular and infections represented 38 and 29%, respectively. No correlation was found between type of dialysis, sex and erythropoietin use and hospitalization rate. 46.5% of admissions were uremia-dialysis related but they accounted for only 30% of the days in hospital. Age and the presence of diabetes mellitus correlated with hospitalization not related to uremia and/or dialysis. Thus, most of the time spent in hospital was secondary to conditions unrelated to uremia and/or dialysis. Efforts should be made to reduce the dialysis-uremia-related hospitalizations and thus reduce the cost of treatment.
NAVIGATING INTRAOCULAR BARRIERS AND FORMULATION STRATEGIES IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ocular distinct obstacles because of the eye's intricate structure limitations. In effective treatment results and patient non-compliance are frequently the result administration's of inability therapeutic concentrations in the target tissues. The development of ocular medication administration is examined in this chapter, with particular attention paid to the removal of intraocular obstacles, creative formulation techniques, and the possibility of occuserts as a promising delivery mechanism.
Toward Total Synthesis of Yohimbine and Reserpine Alkaloids; Part 1. An Improved Synthesis of cis-5, 8-Dihydroxy-1, 4, 5, 8, 9,10-hexahydronaphthalene-1, 8-1actone via Selective Reduction of the Conjugated Ketone with Zn （BH4） 2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An improved and high-yielding synthesis of cis-5, 8-dihydroxy-l, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10-hexa-hydronaphthalene-1,8-1actone 7,an intermediate for (-)-reserpine 1 is presented. The conjugated ketone 5 was regioselectively reduced to afford lactone 7 with zinc borohydride formed in situ from KBH4 and ZnCl2 in THF.
Russian Fascism in Exile. A Historical and Phenomenological Perspective on Transnational Fascism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on the example of Russian fascism in Harbin, Manchuria, this paper demonstrates how the concept, ‘transnational’ can relate to fascism in three ways: as a transnational phenomenon, as a transnational movement and in terms of the study of fascism from a transnational perspective, focusing on the relations and exchanges between fascist movements and how fascism crossed borders. One way of approaching implementing this perspective is to focus on the appropriation and adaptation of fascist bodies of thought into various local contexts. This paper argues that in this context the studies in fascism from a transnational perspective can profit from by focusing on a contemporary understanding of fascism instead of a priori academic definitions. Harbin fascists perceived fascism as a universal idea, which assumed distinct manifestations depending on the particularities of each nation. Therefore in the view of contemporaries fascism also constituted a transnational movement. In a second step this paper reflects on the question to what extend fascist studies could also benefit from the extension from a transnational to a transcultural perspective to better grasp the diverse influences on various manifestation of fascism and deepen our understanding of change and entanglements between fascist movements as well as their respective environments on a global scale.
Laparoscopic repair of a Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia in a child, using a trans-sternal technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic repair of Morgagni hernia has been described in adults and children. In the published reports, the crux of the repair consists of suturing the posterior part of the diaphragmatic defect to the undersurface of the sternum or the posterior rectus sheath. The tissue on the undersurface of the sternum is variable is in its nature and may be inadequate for suturing, hence compromising the strength of the repair. A technique that circumvents this problem and offers a strong anatomical repair is described. A Morgagni hernia was diagnosed in a 2-year-old girl with trisomy 21, who presented with recurrent chest infections. She underwent laparoscopic repair of the hernia using three ports. The tissue on the undersurface of the sternum was inadequate for a conventional repair. The procedure was modified as follows: a small transverse incision was made over the lower end of the sternum. Three nonabsorbable mattress sutures were inserted through the sternum, the anterior edge of the diaphragmatic defect, and back through the sternum and tied with extracorporeal knots. The child was discharged home on the second postoperative day. At 6-month follow up, the child was asymptomatic, and had been infection free. A chest radiograph was normal. This is a simple, novel, noninvasive method, which offers a secure anatomical repair and it is not dependent on the adequacy of the tissue on the undersurface of the sternum.
GC-MS Analysis of Six Bioactive Compounds Isolated From The Ethanol Leaf Extract of Andrographis Paniculata( Acanthaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants offer infinite source of useful therapeutics .They offer promise for the treatment of human disease. Today we are still in need of safer, cheaper and effective drug products. The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive substances represent in Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) by GC-MS analysis. Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Nigeria to treat boils, diarrhea, dysentery and malaria. The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract contain alkaloid, steroidal glycoside, terpene, carbohydrate, anthraquinone, polyphenol, saponin, tannin, resins, protein, coumarine, amino acid and anthracyanoside. The column chromatography of the extract yielded 78 eluates (A1-A78). Eluates A28, A29 (Rf = 0.48), A31, A32 (Rf = 0.23) and A36, A38, A39 (Rf = 0.49) yielded white crystals. The GC-MS of the crystals gave rise to six chemical compounds (isolates 1-6). These compounds may be responsible for various pharmacological actions.