jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deep Multi-instance Networks with Sparse Label Assignment for Whole Mammogram Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mammogram classification is directly related to computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Traditional methods rely on regions of interest (ROIs) which require great efforts to annotate. Inspired by the success of using deep convolutional features for natural image analysis and multi-instance learning (MIL) for labeling a set of instances/patches, we propose end-to-end trained deep multi-instance networks for mass classification based on whole mammogram without the aforementioned ROIs. We explore three different schemes to construct deep multi-instance networks for whole mammogram classification. Experimental results on the INbreast dataset demonstrate the robustness of proposed networks compared to previous work using segmentation and detection annotations.
Impaired GM‐CSF production by cultured light density mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes correlates with the number of circulating CFU‐gm in HTV‐1 seropositive subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The production of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by peripheral blood (PB) light density mononuclear cells (LD-MNC), CD2+ T lymphocytes and purified CD4+ T lymphocytes was investigated in 20 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive (WRII-III) individuals in comparison with 18 normal controls. GM-CSF in supernatants of stimulated cultures was determined by biological and immunoenzymatic assays. GM-CSF production by LD-MNC, CD2+ T lymphocytes and purified CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced in HIV-1 infected individuals, especially in patients at the more advanced stages of the disease. Moreover, the number of circulating granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-gm) was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced in HIV-1 seropositive subjects (31.5 +/- 4.4) compared with normal controls (78 +/- 10). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.720, p less than 0.01) between CFU-gm and GM-CSF production by LD-MNC in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. On the other hand, the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes did not correlate with GM-CSF production by LD-MNC (r = 0.158) or CD2+ T lymphocytes (r = 0.225). These data indicate that the impaired production of GM-CSF in HIV-1-infected individuals is not only due to a reduction in CD4+ T lymphocytes, but also to a qualitative impairment of these cells which may contribute to the loss of circulating hematopoietic progenitors in HIV-1-infected subjects.
[Effect of soy protein isolates in the diet of animals on the histochemical characteristics of the digestive tract].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Histochemical methods were used to study the mucus-producing processes in the stomach and intestine of experimental animals under conditions of long-term feeding with soybean protein isolates. These methods helped in determining the action of neutral glycoproteins and sulfated polysaccharides in the stomach and intestine of the test animals. The experiments conducted have shown the absence of side effects of soybean isolates on the morphology of the stomach and intestine and on the qualitative polysaccharide composition of their epithelial secretions.
On Real-Time Optimistic Concurrency Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The performance of database transaction processing system can be profoundly affected by the concurrency control mechanism employed since it is necessary to preserve database integrity in a multi-user environment. In many applications, a database management system may have to operate under real-time constraints where it must satisfy timing constraints in addition to maintaining database integrity. In this paper we investigate the effect of system resources availability on the performance of optimistic concurrency control in firm real-time database system, the performance gain with memory resident database and of virtual run policy.
Sex talk, Indonesian youth and HIV / AIDS.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cultural taboos inhibit communication about sex, deny and stigmatize deviant sexual practices, and are incorporated into sexual cultures characterized by silence, shame and secrecy. In contemporary Indonesian societies, sex is often infused with negative connotations and referred to as taboo. Considering the threat that an AIDS pandemic poses, HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment represent a critical development issue that requires ongoing commitment from the Indonesian Government and the international donors that provide critical financial support in the health sector. These taboos that inhibit communication about sexuality clearly constrain attempts to challenge negative understandings of sexuality as inherently shameful. However, promotion of reproductive/sexual health and HIV/AIDS prevention is highly contingent upon expanded dialogue about sexuality in both private and public domains. Hence, the author emphasized the need to acknowledge the complex ways in which sexual communication is circumscribed by enduring cultural taboos, and also how sexual dialogue operates to subvert and erode those taboos.
Strategies for Continuous Processing in Microbial Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microbial systems play a fundamental role in all parts of biotechnology in a multitude of industrially used processes. Continuous cultivations are referred to increase the time–space yield (TSY) of many processes and provide optimal usage of installed assets. More important than batch definition is the application of the quality-by-design context to continuous processing. For continuous processing, time-variant interrelations between critical process parameters and critical quality attributes must be transformed into a control concept. The golden standard in recombinant protein production is batch and fed-batch cultivations. Retentostat cultivation used a retention device to maintain a controlled number of cells in the cultivation device. Mass balancing can be perfectly used to highlight benefits of a continuous system in favor of the classical fed-batch approach. Phenotypic diversification of cell population is driven by the stochasticity of the intracellular biochemical reactions. Continuous systems have a huge opportunity to exceed the TSY of time-dependent cultivations.
End of Life Care Practices at a Tertiary Cancer Centre in India: An Observational Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Purpose To assess the End of life care (EOLC ) practices and the magnitude of futile care in a tertiary cancer center. To find out the barriers in provision of good EOLC in cancer patients.Methods An observational study was done on 129 patients. Patients were enrolled using the palliative prognostic index (PPI) in the end of life stages. Socio-demographic and clinical details were recorded. Detailed counselling done by the palliative physician or the oncologist was recorded. The barriers in provision of care were recorded.Results In this study initial experience of 129 patients were analyzed. PPI score was > 6 (survival shorter than 3 weeks) in 85 (65.89%) ; 34 (26.36%) had PPI score between > 4 to 6 (survival between 3 to 6 weeks); and 10 (7.75%) patients had PPI score less than equal to 4( survival more than 6 weeks).77 (59.69%) patients preferred home as their place for EOLC while 41(31.78%) preferred hospital, 7 (5.43%) preferred hospice while 4 (3.10%) opted ICU for their EOLC. The most common barrier associated was caregiver related in 34 case, followed by physician related in 14 cases and patients related in 3 cases, because of hope of being cured in hospital, social stigma, fear of worsening of symptoms at home, denial.Conclusion EOLC is the least studied part of patient care with various barriers. With proper communication and a good palliative care support, futile treatment can be avoided. With healthy communication we can empower family members and patients for a good EOLC.
Frequency stabilization of a semiconductor laser using the Rb saturated absorption spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the stabilization of a semiconductor laser's frequency, using Rb absorption lines. In order to improve overall frequency stability within our system, we adjusted the setup used in Rb- saturated absorption spectroscopy, and optimized modulation parameters such as modulation - frequency and -width, to more accurately detect the error signal. When we stabilized laser frequency using a Doppler-free absorption line of Rb atoms, a time-constant of 0.01sec, and a modulation frequency of 7.77kHz, relative optical frequency stability of 2.12×10-12≤σ(2,τ)≤5.88×10-11 was achieved, in averaging time for 0.04s≤τ≤65s.
Development and Application of Internal Circulating Water-cooled Electromagnetic Separator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For dusty and explosive use environment, especially in coal mines, mostly self-cooled and water-cooled electromagnetic iron separators are used. This article introduces the application of water cooling internal circulation technology to electromagnetic separator equipment for the first time, the advantages and disadvantages of the three cooling methods as well as the development process and application prospects of the internal circulating water-cooled electromagnetic separator are introduced and analyzed respectively.
Emerging Copper-to-Copper Bonding Techniques: Enabling High-Density Interconnects for Heterogeneous Integration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As CMOS technology continues to downsize to the nanometer range, the exponential growth predicted by Moore’s Law has been significantly decelerated. Doubling chip density in the two-dimensional domain will no longer be feasible without further device downsizing. Meanwhile, emerging new device technologies, which may be incompatible with the mainstream CMOS technology, offer potential performance enhancements for system integration and could be options for a More-than-Moore system. Additionally, the explosive growth of artificial intelligence (AI) demands ever-high computing power and energy-efficient computing platforms. Heterogeneous multi-chip integration, which combines diverse components or a larger number of functional blocks with different process technologies and materials into compact 3D systems, has emerged as a critical pathway to overcome the performance limitations of monolithic integrated circuits (ICs), such as limited process/material options, low yield, and multifunctional design complexity. Furthermore, it sustains Moore’s Law progression for a further smaller footprint and higher integration density, and it has become pivotal for “More-than-Moore” strategies in the next CMOS technology revolution. This approach is also crucial for sustaining computational advancements with low-power dissipation and low-latency interconnects in the coming decades. The key techniques for heterogeneous wafer-to-wafer bonding involve both copper-to-copper (Cu-Cu) and dielectric-to-dielectric bonding. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of recent advancements in Cu-Cu bonding techniques. Major issues, such as plasma treatment to activate bonding surfaces, passivation to suppress oxidation, Cu geometry, and microstructure optimization to enhance interface diffusion and regrowth, and the use of polymers as dielectrics to mitigate contamination and wafer warpage, as well as pitch size scaling, are discussed in detail.
Editorial: low population mortality from COVID‐19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Al‐Ani et al and Garg et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15796 .
The electrophysiologic effects of discrete cryosurgery for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia due to av nodal reentry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The electrophysiologic effects of multiple cryosurgical lesions along the circumference of Koch's triangle were evaluated as a treatment of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia in 31 dogs. These animals were divided into a control group (n = 8) and a cryosurgical group (n = 23), and were studied using incremental atrial pacing and programmed atrial premature stimulation. In the cryosurgical group, significant prolongation of AV nodal conduction time, initiation of Wenckebach periodicity at a slower atrial pacing rate, and an increase in the functional refractory period of the AV node were documented postoperatively. In contrast, there were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative AV node conduction characteristics in the control group. Four dogs in which the effective refractory period of the AV node could be measured showed an increase of 28-104 msec following cryosurgery. In 2 dogs, discontinuous conduction curves (i.e., dual AV nodal pathways) were demonstrated preoperatively. Postoperatively, a uniform conduction curve was demonstrated. In conclusion, these results strongly suggest that this new cyrosurgical method is an effective surgical procedure for the interruption of the reentrant circuit responsible for AV nodal reentry while preserving AV conduction.
Neuronal activity and AMPA‐type glutamate receptor activation regulates the morphological development of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Myelination is initiated when oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) contact target axons. Neuronal activity promotes myelination through actions that may involve OPC AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors (AMPAR, NMDAR). Therefore, activity and AMPAR/NMDAR activation are predicted to promote the morphological development of OPC. AMPAR can regulate OPC development, but this analysis was not performed in situ and the role of action potentials was not examined. Hence, the influence of activity and AMPAR on OPC morphology and development remain untested in the CNS where axon‐glial interactions are preserved. Data on NMDAR are mixed with conflicting results from in vitro and in vivo work. To gain a fuller understanding of activity‐dependent OPC development in situ , we explored the role of AMPAR and NMDAR in cerebellar slice cultures that permit the study of endogenous OPC development and myelination. The structure of individual OPC was resolved from cells labeled with membrane targeted GFP. Morphological data were then validated against assays of OPC development. Blocking either activity or AMPAR impaired the morphological development of OPC and promoted proliferation and differentiation. Increasing the pool of oligodendrocytes by blocking activity or AMPAR failed to promote myelination. Instead both myelination and the expression of myelin basic protein were reduced by these treatments suggesting that full differentiation to a myelinating phenotype did not occur. Blocking NMDAR left OPC proliferation, differentiation and morphology unchanged. These data indicate an important role for AMPAR but not NMDAR in mediating the activity‐dependent signals that regulate OPC morphology, development and myelination. GLIA 2015;63:1021–1035
Therapeutic Options for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The Role of Lomitapide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Lomitapide (Juxtapid® in US and Lojuxta® in Europe) is the first developed inhibitor of the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP) approved as a novel drug for the management of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). It acts by binding directly and selectively to MTP thus decreasing the assembly and secretion of the apo-B containing lipoproteins both in the liver and in the intestine. Aims: The present review aims at summarizing the recent knowledge on lomitapide in the management of HoFH. Results: The efficacy and safety of lomitapide have been evaluated in several trials and it has been shown a reduction of the plasma levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) by an average of more than 50%. Although the most common side effects are gastrointestinal and liver events, lomitapide presents generally with a good tolerability and satisfactory patients compliance. Recently, in Europe, to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of lomitapide, the LOWER registry (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02135705) has been established in order to acquire informations on HoFH lomitapidetreated patients from “real life” clinical practice. : Furthermore, the observation that lomitapide decreases triglyceride levels may be considered for patients affected by severe forms of hypertriglyceridemia who undergo recurrent episodes of pancreatitis and are poor responders to conventional treatment. Conclusion: Lomitapide represents an innovative and efficacious drug for the treatment of HoFH. Longterm safety data, treatment of pediatric and pregnant HoFH patients and management of severe hypertriglyceridemia still require further investigations.
Jet mixing enhancement with Bayesian optimization, deep learning, and persistent data topology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We optimize the jet mixing using large eddy simulations (LES) at a Reynolds number of $3000$. Key methodological enablers consist of Bayesian optimization, a surrogate model enhanced by deep learning, and persistent data topology for physical interpretation. The mixing performance is characterized by an equivalent jet radius ($R_{\rm eq}$) derived from the streamwise velocity in a plane located $8$ diameters downstream. The optimization is performed in a 22-dimensional actuation space that comprises most known excitations. The plant benefits from a 22-dimensional actuation space that comprises most known excitations. This search space parameterizes distributed actuation imposed on the bulk flow and at the periphery of the nozzle in the streamwise and radial directions. The momentum flux measures the energy input of the actuation. The optimization quadruples the jet radius $R_{\rm eq}$ with a $7$-armed blooming jet after around $570$ evaluations. The control input requires $2\%$ momentum flux of the main flow, which is one order of magnitude lower than an ad hoc dual-mode excitation. Intriguingly, a pronounced suboptimum in the search space is associated with a double-helix jet, a new flow pattern. This jet pattern results in a mixing improvement comparable to the blooming jet. A state-of-the-art Bayesian optimization converges towards this double helix solution. The learning is accelerated and converges to another better optimum by including surrogate model trained along the optimization. Persistent data topology extracts the global and many local minima in the actuation space. These minima can be identified with flow patterns beneficial to the mixing.
Earnings management and equity incentives: evidence from the European banking industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of equity incentives on earnings management that occurs via the use of loan loss provisions by using a sample of 204 bank-year observations over the period 2006-2011. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the data of 39 European banks to test the main hypothesis. Several valuation models and regressions are used to measure the main proxies for executives’ compensation and the determinant factors of loan loss provisions. Findings The empirical results reveal that earnings management that occurs via discretionary loan loss provisions is associated with equity incentives in the banking industry. In particular, European banks’ executives with high equity incentives are found to manage reported earnings upwards by reducing loan loss provisions. The results therefore show that income-increasing earnings management via discretionary loan loss provisions is widely practised by the executives of European banks and that this is partly motivated by executives’ compensation. Practical implications The findings of this paper present important implications for regulators in the European Union, who should take further steps to reform the regulatory environment to monitor and mitigate the earnings management practices that occur via the manipulation of loan loss provisions. Earnings management practices do not just negatively affect subsequent performance but are also found to lead to firms’ failure. Thus, regulators should take the necessary reforms to protect the wealth of stakeholders (investors, creditors, etc.). Originality/value This study provides the first evidence on the relationship between equity incentives and earnings management in the European banking industry. The study sheds more light on an issue of great interest to a broad audience that does not receive much attention in the prior research, thus opening new avenues for future research.
Pituitary adenoma presenting as facial pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two cases of pituitary tumor presenting as facial pain are reported. The first patient presented with Raeder's syndrome and subsequently developed a partial 3rd nerve palsy. The second patient complained of tic douloureux with no localizing neurological deficit. The pertinent literature concerning pituitary tumors presenting as facial pain is reviewed, and the differentiation of idiopathic facial pain from facial pain associated with mass lesions is discussed. (Neurosurgery 10:742-745, 1982)
[Differential analysis of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by continuous Doppler].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The following parameters have been measured by continuous Doppler in 40 patients with both mitral failure (MF) and tricuspid failure (TF): effusion time (ET), peak time (PT), maximum effusion speed (S. max), maximum anterograde speed (S. ant), taking into account the cardiac rate and the ejection fraction. Only the S. max. and the S. ant. are significantly different and enable the determination of the effusion origin with a percentage error of about 4%. When a straight line is drawn to joint 3.7 m/s on the ordinate (S. ant) and 5 m/s on the abcissa (S. max), the TF lie below the line and the MF above it. The selection of the sub-groups with low ejection fraction (less or equal to 30%) or with arterial pulmonary hypertension (S. max MF higher or equal to 3 m/s) does not modify the precision of the discrimination. The graph suggested seems therefore to be a rapid and reliable means of characterizing TF in order to assess the arterial pulmonary hypertension of dilated hypokinetic cardiomyopathies.