jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bringing Trauma Home: Reflections on Interviewing Survivors of Trauma while Working from Home

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, working from home became the new normal for many professionals. While this was beneficial in managing the rapidly spreading virus, it had varying impacts on the mental health of those previously not accustomed to remote work. This paper provides a critical reflection of the researcher’s experience of conducting interviews with survivors of trauma while working from home. The research aimed to understand the experiences of significant others supporting patients with severe burn injury in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). As an experienced ICU nurse, the researcher has well developed personal coping strategies for dealing with complex trauma and in working with significant others of patients with severe burn injury in hospital settings. Due to the pandemic, data collection moved from face-to-face in the hospital, as originally intended, to phone or videoconference interviews. 17 participants were recruited, with all participants given the option of videoconference ( n = 3) or telephone interviews ( n = 14). Interviews had an average length of 55 minutes. This paper discusses the strategies adopted to cope with the sharing of significant others’ experiences of trauma while in the home environment. Careful consideration was needed for the researcher, the participants and those within the homes of both researcher and participant, in terms of psychological safety, ethical considerations and rapport building.
Sintered High Nitrogen Stainless Steel Obtained using Pre-Mixed Powders

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen alloying in martensitic stainless steels has been considered as an alternative to improve mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The use of conventional melting and solidification processes is not the most efficient way to produce high nitrogen steels (HNS) since nitrogen solubility in melt is quite low. Nowadays, HNS is being produced by Powder Metallurgy and, in this case, the nitrogen is alloyed in the solid state, especially considering reactions between high nitrogen sintering atmospheres and pre alloyed pressed bodies. This paper investigates another possibility regarding the introduction of nitrogen in stainless steel, i.e., the use of high nitrogen chromium powders (nitrided powders) mixed with ordinary atomized iron powder. This mixture was pressed and sintered at 1350 °C for 2 and 8 hours. As reference, two other set of nitrogen free samples were produced and characterized: sintered pre-alloyed 434L stainless steel (commercial powder); sintered pre mixed Fe + nitrogen free Cr. The discussion was based on shrinkage during sintering, microstructural aspects and corrosion resistance.
The neurotrophic effects of fibroblast growth factors on dopaminergic neurons in vitro are mediated by mesencephalic glia [published erratum appears in J Neurosci 1992 Mar;12(3):685]

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurotrophic support is generally believed to result from a direct action of growth factors on developing neurons. However, there is increasing evidence that growth factors can indirectly affect neuronal development by glial-mediated processes. To investigate a possible role of glia in mediating neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic neurons, four purified growth factors were screened for dual effects on the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and on the proliferation of mesencephalic glial cells in vitro. Dissociated embryonic day 14.5 rat mesencephalon was grown at low cell density without serum, conditions under which both glial growth and neuronal survival are not optimal. Treatment of these cultures with acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased the number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons by 90- 110% [corrected] at 8 d in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of these factors were not additive. High-affinity dopamine uptake was increased by bFGF, but not by aFGF. Length of TH-IR neurites was not affected by either aFGF or bFGF. Both growth factors induced proliferation of mesencephalic astrocytes as demonstrated by autoradiographic labeling with 3H-thymidine combined with immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukin-1 had no effect on the survival or differentiation of dopaminergic neurons or the proliferation of mesencephalic astrocytes. Inhibition of glial proliferation abolished the neurotrophic effects exerted by aFGF or bFGF on dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, conditioned medium derived from mesencephalic glial cultures replated in the virtual absence of neurons also contained neurotrophic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A model study of dissociative attachment of slow electrons to the carbon dioxide molecule

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The split-propagation method is applied to the study of the dissociative attachment of slow electrons to the carbon dioxide molecule in the two modes (symmetrical and asymmetrical stretch modes) approximation. This approach implies keeping track of the time evolution of the initial wavepacket, which is fixed by the vibrational state of the molecule before the collision. It is shown that the tardy ebbing of the wavepacket in the active zone principally refutes the conventional assumption of the irrelevance of the bending motion for the DA process. The influence of the averaging procedure on the oscillating structure in the cross sections dependence on the incident electron energy, which may appear to deviate in different experiments, is discussed.
Description of selected pneumatic elements and systems using fractional calculus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the application of fractional calculus to describe the dynamics of selected pneumatic elements and systems. In the construction of mathematical models of the analysed dynamic systems, the Riemann-Liouville definition of differintegral of non- integer order was used. For the analysed model, transfer function of integer and non-integer order was determined. Functions describing characteristics in frequency domains were determined, whereas the characteristics of the elements and systems were obtained by means of computer simulation. MATLAB programme were used for the simulation research.
A comparative study of by-products yield from coke making processes in a Jenkner apparatus

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Physico-chemical characteristics or the industrial behaviour of any coal is directly controlled by its organic micro-components (macerals). The yields of by-products during carbonization of coal are affected by organo micro-components of different coals and operating parameters, such as, charging technologies, carbonization temperature, particle size, bulk density, etc. In the present investigation, the effects of volatile matters (16.61–36.00%), Ro, avg. (0.80–1.36%), exinite (0.5–4.5%), hydrogen (4.34–5.29%) and nitrogen (1.60–2.18%) content of coal on yield of by-products, such as, coke oven gas, coal tar, ammonia, and hydrogen sulphide were studied. The studies revealed that there is a significant difference of the yield of by-products for the two different charging technologies. The coke oven gas, coal tar and ammonia yield was lower in stamp charging process as compared to top charging process, whereas, hydrogen sulphide yield followed a reverse trend.
Radical Urban Development in the Egyptian Desert

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Gardens’ City is a new city in newly discovered area in the Egyptian western desert, which is rich to be developed. It lies in new Farafra Oasis. The site has different potential aspects for sustainable development; it has agricultural and industrial economic bases. The city center's area is designed to be about 5% of the city's area. The area of the industrial zone is about 22% of city area. This paper refers to the development of the city with a focus on the central and the industrial zones. The city center has the major managerial and commercial services. The industrial zone includes industrial areas as well as the major industrial education, training and managerial services. Renewable energy will be generated with different methods. This city will be the first step of development series opportunities in Egypt.
Heads up! - a call for dentists to screen for oral cancer.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

JCDA • www.cda-adc.ca/jcda • June 2006, Vol. 72, No. 5 • 413 The first solid evidence that periodic screening of the oral cavity can reduce mortality from oral cancer was published recently in Lancet.1 The article described a large population-based study of about 168,000 participants in India, 87,655 of whom received at least one visual oral screening examination. Over a 9-year period, a 32% reduction in mortality was observed among those screened. These data, along with new advances in screening technologies, support a call to dentists to commit to oral cancer screening as part of routine daily practice. Globally, survival rates for those with oral cancer have changed little over the last 3 decades. The disease is often identified at an advanced stage, significantly reducing the probability of successful treatment. Half of oral cancer patients die within 5 years of diagnosis. Early detection of the disease (stages I and II) is associated with a vast improvement in survival rate; 80% of patients survive for 5 years compared with 20% of those with advanced disease (stages III and IV).2 The typically late diagnosis of oral cancer is ironic because the oral cavity is readily accessible for screening, and visible changes in the mucosa (in most cases) are associated with development of the disease. Oral cancer is frequently preceded by an identifiable premalignant lesion and the progression from dysplasia to cancer occurs over years.3 This should allow clinicians an opportunity to detect early changes. Nevertheless, most oral cancers are still detected at a late stage, when treatment is complex, costly, often disfiguring and marked by poor outcome. It is well known that oral cancer is strongly associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, together responsible for about 75% of oral cancers in the western world. When these 2 factors are combined, the risk is multiplied.4 Moreover, 90% of oral cancers occur in people over 45 years of age. Noteworthy, however, is a universally observed trend toward an increase in the number of younger adults without apparent risk, who develop the disease.5 This trend supports the extension of oral cancer screening to include all adults. Dentists in Canada could play a major role in early detection of this fatal disease. An early study in British Columbia, undertaken over 20 years ago, showed that regular dental care strongly influenced the early diagnosis of oral cancer.6,7 Of 158 patients studied, 46% of those with regular dental care (at least one visit annually over the preceding 5 years) had stage I (early) tumours and 12% had stage IV (advanced). In contrast, 19% of patients without regular dental care had stage I tumours and 43% had stage IV tumours. We are now conducting a study to further define this association in patients with precancer and oral cancer referred to the British Columbia Heads Up! — A Call for Dentists to Screen for Oral Cancer
Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Diagnosed Using Duplex Ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a complex condition involving compression, irritation, or direct injury of the subclavian vein as it courses between the first rib, the clavicle, and the scalene muscle. Compression of the subclavian vein is a potential cause of axillosubclavian vein thrombosis. Duplex examination with color flow Doppler and appropriate abduction maneuvers can be used to identify patients with this syndrome. We describe the case of a 52 year-old female patient with a history of bilateral upper-extremity swelling and pain and a past history of bilateral subclavian deep vein thromboses (DVT). She was referred to our clinic to try and determine the cause of her upper-extremity DVTs. A venous duplex examination with abduction maneuvers was performed. Bilateral subclavian veins were studied in varying degrees of abduction to assess for the presence of venous TOS. The duplex examination revealed normal color flow and a respirophasic pulsed Doppler waveform in the subclavian veins bilaterally with the patient lying supine in the resting position. With abducting the arms, significant changes were noted. Occlusion of the subclavian vein was observed at its proximal segment with absent color flow and pulsed Doppler spectrum. Flow was reestablished after having the patient relax her arm to its resting position. These findings were documented in both the right and left subclavian veins. There was no evidence of residual DVT or venous reflux on either side. These findings suggested that subclavian vein compression at the thoracic outlet may have been responsible for the patient's bilateral deep vein thromboses. Duplex ultrasound examination with abduction maneuvers is an effective method that can be used to diagnose venous TOS. When a patient presents with upper-extremity swelling and/or a history of otherwise unexplained axillosubclavian DVT, the technologist should add abduction maneuvers to the venous duplex examination to help determine the cause.
VIBRONIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF JET-COOLED CHLORO-SUBSTITUTED BENZYL-TYPE RADICALS PRODUCED BY CORONA DISCHARGE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Whereas benzyl radical, a prototype of aromatic free radicals, had attracted much attention from spectroscopists for the subject of large molecular radicals, chloro-substituted benzyl–type radicals have been little studied, presumably due to the difficulties associated with production in corona discharge from precursors. The weak C-Cl bond can be easily dissociated in high voltage corona discharge, \\footnote{S.~Y.~Chae, M.~Lim, and S.~K.~Lee, \\textit{Chem.~Phys.~Lett.} \\underline{\\textbf{664}}, 242-245 (2016).} leading to the cleavage of benzene ring. During past years, we have concentrated on the spectroscopic observation of chloro-substituted methylbenzyl radicals in a technique of corona excited supersonic expansion using a pinhole-type glass nozzle which has been well developed in this lab. From the experiments, we could succeed the observation of vibronic emission spectra of chloro-substituted methylbenzyl radicals from 3- and 4-chloro-o-xylenes. From the analysis of the spectra observed, we can identify the radical species produced in corona discharge and determine the electronic energies of the D$_1$ $\\rightarrow$ D$_0$ transition. The variation of the electronic transition energies with the positions and types of substituents have been clearly explained by means of the additivity rule \\footnote{Y.~W.~Yoon, S.~Y.~Chae, and S.~K.~Lee, \\textit{Chem.~Phys.~Lett.} \\underline{\\textbf{644}}, 167-170 (2016).} and shape of the unoccupied lowest molecular orbitals (LUMO) which corresponds to the upper state of the electronic transition.\n\nIn this presentation, the observation scheme of the chloro-substituted benzyl-type radicals and analysis of the spectra for the identification of the radical species generated will be discussed, together with the introduction of the method for the explanation of substituent effect \\footnote{C. ~Branciard-Larcher, E.~Migirdicyan, and J.~Baudet \\textit{Chem.~Phys.} \\underline{\\textbf{2}}, 95-106 (1973).} on the electronic transition energy of the benzyl-type radicals.
Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2 Gene Polymorphism with Severe Chronic Periodontitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aims. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between TNFR2 (+587T/G) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and methods. One hundred and seventy-four non-smoking patients (35-72 years of age) with chronic periodon-titis were selected according to established criteria and divided into three groups according to their probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL). Single nucleotide polymorphism at position +587 (T/G) in the TNFR2 gene was detected by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) me-thod. Results. The distribution of genotypes for TNFR2 polymorphism at position +587 was not significantly different between moderate and severe chronic periodontitis patients compared with controls (P=0.33). In addition, the frequency of the +587 allele was not associated with the number of teeth (P=0.58), mean PPD (P=0.9), mean CAL (P=0.94), mean ABL (P=0.99) and bleeding on probing (BOP) (P=0.07) in the patients studied. Conclusion. This study suggests that there is no correlation between genotype and severity of chronic periodontitis.
An Evaluation of a Classroom Science Intervention Designed To Extend the Bicycle Helmet Safety Message

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Wizards of Motion is a program of curriculum delivery through which experts in Kinesiology introduce grade 7 students to applications of physics for human movement. The program is linked closely to Ministry of Education curriculum requirements but includes human movement applications and data analysis experiences. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' head safety knowledge and attitudes toward helmet use after participating in the program. Methods: Data were collected from five grade 7 classrooms. Two classrooms (n = 37) receiving the program, while three classrooms, (n = 37) formed the control group (no intervention). Results on the Knowledge Test, and the Student Helmet Use Questionnaire were compared between intervention and control students. Results: A significant pre-post change in level of knowledge scores was observed in the intervention group. Likewise, intervention group students showed a significant increase in their intention to wear a helmet in future. Discussion: The successful program delivery illustrated the usefulness of linking public health promotion to standard classroom curriculum. Translation to Health Education Practice: This program exemplified the fundamental elements of knowledge translation and knowledge development, and is therefore recommended as a positive approach to delivering the public health message of helmet use for head safety.
Financial Inclusion Initiatives and their Effects on Socio-Economic Development in India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Financial inclusion initiatives play a pivotal role in promoting socio-economic development, particularly in countries like India with significant unbanked populations. This research paper examines the impact of financial inclusion initiatives on socio-economic development in India, focusing on key indicators such as poverty alleviation, income generation, and access to essential services. Through a review of literature and empirical analysis, the paper highlights the positive correlation between financial inclusion and various socio-economic outcomes. The findings underscore the transformative potential of expanding access to formal financial services in empowering marginalized communities and fostering inclusive growth. The paper also discusses policy implications and recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of financial inclusion initiatives in India.
Simultaneous Manipulator/Controller Design Optimization Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A multi-objective design methodology that uses an evolutionary algorithm optimization process is presented and is applied to the simultaneous optimal design of a robotic manipulator/controller for performing point-to-point motion tasks. Dynamic performance measures, for the closed-loop system, are optimized by considering a nonlinear PD controller and quintic polynomial trajectories for point-to-point motions. Results of the simultaneous optimal design of a planar manipulator, a nonlinear controller, and some sample trajectories are presented to illustrate the efficacy of this methodology.
Flirting with China: An American Anthropologist’s Experience

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anthropology has sought to become an objective science, focusing on the lives and lifestyles of people around the world. More recently, a move by feminist anthropologists has opened the way for subjective views, for conveying feelings and personal involvement, and for examining relationships between anthropologist and studied group, has emerged. This account is an examination of my own personal and life-long intrigue with China, culminating in attendance at the IUAES meeting held in Beijing in 2000.
Therapeutic Implications of a Tissue Homeostasis Approach to Patellofemoral Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The underlying principle of treatment for patients with patellofemoral pain from a tissue homeostasis perspective is to maximize the range of painless loading for a given symptomatic joint (envelope of function) as safely and predictably as possible. Current therapeutic approaches aimed at surgical correction of chondromalacia and malalignment often are neither safe nor predictable. A tissue homeostasis approach involves addressing the pathokinematics—primarily through temporary but scrupulous load restriction, anti-inflammatory therapy, and a gentle painless rehabilitation program. Failing this, a careful and analytical surgical approach may be warranted to include a possible gentle peripatellar synovectomy.
Relapse Prevention and Special Circumstances

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Chapter 8 describes slips and relapse and provides an overview of how to help children and families prevent a return to school refusal behavior. Activities to help with relapse prevention include taking photographs of the child during in vivo exposure practices; creating a poster, journal, or storybook of the child’s accomplishments using photographs of the child’s exposures; and asking the child’s help in producing a video “commercial” aimed at teaching other children how to overcome the problem of school refusal behavior. Special circumstances such as how to handle long breaks from school (like summer vacation) and starting a new school are discussed. For children with chronic or extremely severe school refusal behavior, relapse prevention can be challenging. A list is provided of key skills that older adolescents/young adults will need as they live independently or move away to college.
PREDICTIVE POLICING.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Predictive policing has triggered a heated debate around the issue of ‘false positives’. Biased machine training can wrongly classify individuals as high risk simply as a result of belonging to a particular ethnic group and many agree such persons should not have to shoulder the burden of over-policing due to an inherent stochastic problem. The paper takes a pragmatic stand and argues that ‘true positives’, i.e. individuals who have been correctly identified as perpetrators, offer the best opportunity to address the issue of biased profiling.

The first reason is purely pragmatic – they are already party to a criminal investigation and, as such, have a strong incentive to challenge law enforcement methods and scrutinize policing methods on an individual basis. The second reason is more general (and commonly subscribed to) – that discriminatory stops and searches are inherently unfair, threaten social peace, and frustrate targeted groups.

To create an efficient legal tool against discriminatory law enforcement, defence should be entitled to contest a conviction for biased predictive policing, with a specific exclusionary rule protecting ‘true positives’ against the use of tainted evidence.