jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P3.352 Prevention of Congenital Syphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital syphilis in Russia is an actual problem. The number of children with this disease was respectively 2005–325, 2006–321, 2007–325, 2008–249, 2009–190, 2010–175 persons. The source of the high morbidity are pregnant women with syphilis, who didn’t know about their disease before childbirth. The aim is to evaluate the importance of prevention of syphilis that is possible with the deepest analysis of health of each child. Complex inspections of 51 children with early congenital syphilis revealed that 84.3% had manifested forms. At birth 62.7% had Apgar score below 7/8 points, 25.4% - 7/8 points, 11.8% - above 7/8 points. While in the hospital 5.9% - had satisfactory status, 13.7%– moderately grave condition, 80.3% - critical condition, among them 54.9% - premature babies. Clinical signs of early congenital syphilis symptoms were bone changes - 66.7%. In 19.6% of cases, the bone changes were the only specific clinical signs. The skin and mucous membranes observed in 37.3%: syphilitic pemphigus - 27.5%, infiltration of the palms and soles with desquamation krupnoplastinchatym - 7.8%, roseola - 5.9%, rhinitis - 7.8%. Changes in the internal organs was found in 68.6%, hepatomegaly - 60.8%, hepatitis - 9.8%, splenomegaly - 39.2%, myocarditis - 2%, pneumonia - 5.9% and nephritis- 3 9%. Damage of nervous system (specific meningitis) registered at 23.5% that is every 4th child. All children had a hypoxic-ischemic damage of central nervous system with syndromes of depression and agitation, psychomotor retardation, perinatal encephalopathy. Almost all of them had immaturity of the functional-and-morphological systems (lengthening period of neonatal jaundice, syndrome of respiratory disorders and nervous regulation). Thus the syphilis infection in pregnancy increases the risk of developing specific and non-specific disorders in formation of bodies and systems of a foetus. Moscow Center uses obtained analytical data for planning preventive measures in this target group.
Total Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of IORs, Sulfonolipid‐based Inhibitors of Cell Differentiation inSalpingoeca rosetta

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta is an important model system to study the evolution of multicellularity. In this study we developed a new, modular, and scalable synthesis of sulfonolipid IOR‐1A (six steps, 27 % overall yield), which acts as bacterial inhibitor of rosette formation in S. rosetta . The synthesis features a decarboxylative cross‐coupling reaction of a sulfonic acid‐containing tartaric acid derivative with alkyl zinc reagents. Synthesis of 15 modified IOR‐1A derivatives, including fluorescent and photoaffinity‐based probes, allowed quantification of IOR‐1A, localization studies within S. rosetta cells, and evaluation of structure‐activity relations. In a proof of concept study, an inhibitory bifunctional probe was employed in proteomic profiling studies, which allowed to deduce binding partners in bacteria and S. rosetta . These results showcase the power of synthetic chemistry to decipher the biochemical basis of cell differentiation processes within S. rosetta .
Semi-Supervised Learning With Wafer-Specific Augmentations for Wafer Defect Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) models, which leverage both labeled and unlabeled datasets, have been increasingly applied to classify wafer bin map patterns in semiconductor manufacturing. These models typically outperform supervised learning models in scenarios where labeled data are scarce. However, the challenges posed by wafer bin map data in applying conventional image augmentation methods, particularly within SSL frameworks such as FixMatch, have not yet been fully addressed despite their significant role. Recognizing the importance of thoughtful implementation of weak and strong augmentations within FixMatch, we propose a method that incorporates saliency map information into cutout augmentation. This approach preserves essential regions crucial for wafer defect pattern classification and thus improving model performance. Our approach achieves a macro F1-score of 0.841 with only 5% labeled data, surpassing state-of-the-art methods by 6.2% compared to WaPIRL and 7.5% compared to Manivannan’s method. Similarly, with 10%, 25%, and 50% labeled data, our method achieves F1-scores of 0.856, 0.874, and 0.891, respectively, showing improvements of 3.5%, 1.7%, and 1.2% over WaPIRL and 5.0%, 6.6%, and 11.9% over Manivannan’s method in each case. Experimental results indicate significant improvements in defect pattern classification by avoiding cutting important regions in cutout augmentation. The proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art performance in wafer bin map defect classification, demonstrating the potential of our tailored augmentation techniques and the effectiveness of incorporating saliency map information reflecting the characteristics of wafer bin maps.
Study of melting and differentiation in iron meteorite parent bodies : How ambient temperature and abundance of 26Al affect accretion times

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The first part consists of a review of the theoretical background. It starts off with a shorter review on theories of the history of the early Solar System, from protostellar evolution to grain agglomeration. This is then followed by a brief summary of different kinds of meteorites, what their origins might be and the radiometric dating techniques used to determine their ages. The second part of the thesis consists of an investigation of the possible forming times of the early planetesimals by computer simulation. These planetesimals can later become the parent bodies for iron-rich meteorites. Factors studied are ambient temperature and the abundance of the short-lived radioactive isotope 26Al in the forming nebula. The study found that the parent bodies of iron meteorites had to accrete within the first few million years after the earliest solids in the Solar System, the CAI. It also found that changes in the studied boundary conditions did extend this period, but not further than around 2.8Myrs compared to the standard 2.1Myrs. This data compares well to other, similar, studies.
THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF PANCURONIUM BROMIDE DURING HALOTHANE ANAESTHESIA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ten patients were given 6 mg of pancuronium bromide intravenously, after a 20-minute period of mechanical ventilation with nitrous oxide:oxygen (4:2) and 0.5 per cent halothane. Cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were measured prior to administration and at 2, 5, and 10 minutes after injection of the drug. Cardiac output was increased relative to control during the post-injection study period (p < 0.001). On the average, heart rate increased, central venous pressure fell and mean arterial blood pressure rose slightly. Stroke volume and total peripheral resistance showed a variable response. We conclude that pancuronium bromide is compatible with nitrous oxide-halothane anaesthesia with respect to stability of the cardiovascular system.
Subalgebra depths within the path algebra of an acyclic quiver

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Constraints are given on the depth of diagonal subalgebras in generalized triangular matrix algebras. The depth of the top subalgebra B = A /rad A in a finite, connected, acyclic quiver algebra A over an algebraically closed field K is then computed. Also the depth of the primary arrow subalgebra 1K + rad A = B in A is obtained. The two types of subalgebras have depths 3 and 4 respectively, independent of the number of vertices. An upper bound on depth is obtained for the quotient of a subalgebra pair.
Research methods in schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This talk will cover the challenges and opportunities for clinical research in schizophrenia. The roots of curiosity-driven and clinically focussed research strategies will be discussed briefly. A â€œjust the factsâ€ perspective concerning schizophrenia will be presented. The implications of the following six facts for clinical trials will be considered. 1) Schizophrenia is a complex disorder. 2) Schizophrenia affects multiple neurotransmitter systems. 3) The defining features of illness are poorly linked to treatment response. 4) Schizophrenia is often highly disabling. 5) General care for schizophrenia is often poor. 6) There are large gaps between clinical trials, clinical guidelines and clinical practice.
German history in modern times: four lives of the nation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

1. Master narratives and rival interpretations of modern German history Part I. German Central Europe before Modern Nationalism: 2. The pyramid of power in pre-modern Germany 3. Baroque and Enlightenment Germany, 1648-1789 4. Power states (Machtstaaten): the rise of the Prussian and Austrian military-bureaucratic monarchies 5. Aufklarung: the German Enlightenment and other spirits of the age Part II. German Identities between Liberalism, Nationalism, and Socialism, 1789-1914: 6. Revolution on the march: French challenge, German response, 1789-1815 7. 'Land of poets and thinkers': the transition from Enlightenment universalism to German national culture 8. Freedom and voice, 'blood and iron': the struggle over liberalism and nationalism, 1815-1914 9. Power to the people: German social democracy in the age of industrialization 10. Women, family, feminism, 1789-1914 11. Habsburg Austria: a multinational path in German history 12. Jews, Germans, German Jews, 1789-1914 Part III. Nation in Crisis: Defeat, Turmoil, Aggression, 1914-15: 13. The Prussian-German monarchy's sudden death: World War I and postwar revolution, 1914-20 14. Democracy's bitter fruits: society and politics, 1918-33 15. The rise of Hitlerism: middle-class discontent and populist utopia 16. The 'people's community' at Hitler's command: national and socialist Germany, 1933-45 17. Lebensraum: the war for empire in Eastern Europe 18. Banned from nation and earth: German Jews after 1914, Nazi 'Jewish policy', and the Holocaust Part IV. The Cold War Germanies and their Post-1989 Fusion: A Nation Reforged from Its Remnants?: 19. Return from the abyss: defeated Germany and the West German Federal Republic, 1949-89 20. 'Real existing socialism': Soviet-occupied Germany and the German Democratic Republic, 1949-90 21. Present-day Germany: the post-unification scene in West and East.
And the New Paradigm of Fourth Amendment Jurisprudence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The US Supreme Court recently ruled on the issue of government surveillance. A GPS tracking device illegally installed on a suspect’s vehicle by the FBI and thereby used in criminal investigations initiated a new dialogue on the topic. This case takes us back to some basic doctrines on the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution. We analyze the key points of the SCOTUS decision and give emphasis to the developing notion of informational privacy. What privacy transformations do we view in relation to criminal law? Can illegally obtained evidence be judicially permitted? And what are the current trends here? At the same time, we look beyond informational privacy discourses and focus on judicial behavior in the context of public security. Questions raised involve: a) how have Supreme Court justices reacted to technology challenges? And b) are particular interpretations preferred within the law enforcement context? We use the idea of the ‘living constitution’ as a driving force in judicial hermeneutics. Concurring opinions are discussed to show divergences. Finally, certain institutional questions arise from this ruling. What political dynamics shape such decisions? Have SCOTUS justices deferred to the executive in security matters? Is technological change ‘a scapegoat’ used to refrain from strict scrutiny? And what kind of balances do we see in the judicial review of government surveillance?
Ex-vivo Evaluation of the Accuracy of Three Different Apex Locators in the Presence of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the precision of three endodontic apex locators-Propex Pixi, Woodpex III, and VDW Gold Reciproc-in vitro and under clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were decoranated, and actual root canal lengths were measured and recorded with an operating microscope at x20 magnification. The teeth were then embedded in an ex-vivo model, and the measurement of the root canal length was obtained electronically. Each measurement was performed in triplicate, and the mean value was recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. Two paired sample t-tests were used for normally distributed data, and the Wilcoxon test was used for data that did not show normal distribution. A chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables according to the experimental groups. Results: Woodpex III showed significantly more accurate results than the other apex locators. Propex Pixi and VDW Gold Reciproc apex locators showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Under the circumstances of the present study, Woodpex III allowed for more accurate measurements compared with the other tested devices.
Authentic Learning at Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes models of work-based learning and outlines key features of the authentic learning pedagogy that informs its application. It contextualises work-based learning in the political and economic imperatives driving curriculum change in universities in the Western world. In so doing, it refers to curriculum development based on generic skills and notes analyses of the role of universities in contemporary society, with particular reference to the relative importance of practical and theoretical training. Innovative case studies provide practical examples of the implementation of authentic learning pedagogies through work-based university programs. The key to successful implementation is assessment, which links theory and practice. The underlying message of the chapter is that what counts are not the teaching and learning tools you have, but the way that you use them. There can be nothing more real than real, and this is the strength of work-based university learning: it offers authentic or situated learning environments that reflect the way knowledge will be used in real life.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Stereoselective hydroxyalkylations of (S)‐2‐azetidinecarboxylic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The enolate generated from S ‐phenyl ( S )‐1‐benzyl‐2‐azetidinecarbothioate is converted into racemic products 2 by treatment with electrophiles. The bicyclic oxazolidinone derivative 12 has been prepared from trimethylsilyl ( S )‐1‐(trimethylsilyl)‐2‐azetidinecarboxylate ( 11 ) and pivalaldehyde without racemization. Addition of 12 to aldehydes and hydrolysis gives the products 13 a‐h . The structure of the adduct 13 h from 4‐pyridinecarbaldehyde was determined by X‐ray crystal structure analysis, proving that the trigonal centers of the bicyclic enolate and of the aldehyde have combined with relative topicity unlike . Thus, the reaction resembles that of the homologous proline derivative described previously, and the novel products are formally D ‐ allo ‐threonines with an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen and the adjacent carbon atoms (Scheme 4) and with absolute configuration R , R . The mechanism of the C  C bond‐forming reaction is discussed.
Working paper 25: Strategies for enhancing and restoring rare plants and their habitats in the face of climate change and habitat destruction in the intermountain west

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Adopting Leopold's sage advice to keep every cog and wheel, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources regards the maintenance of existing genetic diversity and viable populations of all taxa in wild in order to maintain biological interactions, ecological processes and function (IUCN 2002, p. 1) as a fundamental conservation goal. Such an outlook is shared by many conservation-oriented organizations, including federal land management agencies in United States. This Ecological Restoration Institute working paper will review various strategies land managers can use to maintain one segment of plant world - rare plants - as we experience current period of changing climate. Rare plants may be seen as seemingly useless parts, but they deserve attention. Intelligent tinkering through innovative biological conservation and ecological restoration strategies will be necessary to provide them with kinds of habitat they will need for their continued survival and growth.
sj-pdf-1-cps-10.1177_0010414020957687 – Supplemental material for The Politics of Trade Adjustment Versus Trade Protection

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cps-10.1177_0010414020957687 for The Politics of Trade Adjustment Versus Trade Protection by Sung Eun Kim and Krzysztof J. Pelc in Comparative Political Studies
Ten-dimensional origin of Minkowski vacua in ${\cal N}=8$ supergravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Maximal supergravity in four dimensions admits two inequivalent dyonic gaugings of the group $\mathrm{SO}(4) \times \mathrm{SO}(2,2) \ltimes T^{16}$. Both admit a Minkowski vacuum with residual $\mathrm{SO}(4) \times \mathrm{SO}(2)^2$ symmetry and identical spectrum. We explore these vacua and their deformations. Using exceptional field theory, we show that the four-dimensional theories arise as consistent truncations from IIA and IIB supergravity, respectively, around a $\mathrm{Mink}_4\times S^3\times H^3$ geometry. The IIA/IIB truncations are efficiently related by an outer automorphism of $\mathrm{SL}(4) \subset \mathrm{E}_{7(7)}$. As an application, we give an explicit uplift of the moduli of the vacua into a 4-parameter family of ten-dimensional solutions.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS AND THE AETIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD ARTERIAL ISCHEMIC STROKE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective – To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and time-of-flight (TOF)-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) characteristics of children with arterial ischemic stroke and correlate them with the aetiology. Methods – We performed a retrospective review of clinical records and imaging (MRI and MRA) of 34 children (8 months to 17 years) with arterial ischemic stroke. Results – The group contained 14 females and 20 males. Risk factors were congenital heart disease (CHD) in 8, sickle cell disease in 2, prothrombotic abnormalities in 7, vasculitis in 5 (varicella in 2, neuroborreliosis in 1), trauma in 3, steno-occlusive cerebral arteriopathy, herniation due to intracranial bleeding, complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage with vasospasm, and arterial dissection with and without previous trauma. In 5 of the 34 patients the aetiology was undetermined. The most common infarctions were observed in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery, followed by the posterior circulation. The intracranial MRA was normal in 15 of the 34 children. In all but one patient with cryptogenic stroke MRA was normal. Conclusion – MRI is helpful to determine the exact location and limit of the infarct zone. The absence of cerebral arteriopathy on TOF-MRA in childhood stroke suggests a nonvascular cause; mainly cryptogenic stroke, but also prothrombotic abnormalities and CHD.
Body weight change and its association with food and beverage consumption during COVID-19 confinement: A study in 12 Ibero-American countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged health services and profoundly impacted people's lifestyle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption patterns and body weight in adults from 12 Ibero-American countriesMethods: Multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an online survey disseminated by social networks. Sample included 10 552 people from Spain and 11 Latin American countries who were selected by snowball sampling.Results: While 38.50% of the sample reported weight gain, 16.90% reported weight lost. Weight change was associated to sex, age, country of residence and education level. People who were not confined, more often reported having maintained their weight in comparison to people who were confined. All Latin American countries showed an increased consumption of sweetened drinks, pastry products, fried foods and alcoholic beverages during confinement. Consumption of eggs and dairy products was independent from body weigh change. People who consumed more fruits and vegetables during the confinement more often reported having lose weight. In contrast, body weight gain during confinement was associated with increased intake of sugary drinks, baked goods and pastries, pizza, fried foods and alcoholic beverages.Conclusions: During COVID-19 confinement all the Latin American countries included in this study showed a change in their consumption patterns toward less healthy diets, which in turn was associated with an increase in the body weight of their population.
Eruption of the first deciduous tooth in preterm infants: a 12-month follow-up

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To analyze the eruption age of the first deciduous tooth of preterm infants from the neonatal intensive care unit and to relate with natal and postnatal factors. Material and method This prospective longitudinal study was conducted with infants from neonatal intensive care units (n=215). The inclusion criterion was prematurity and exclusion was the unavailability for follow-up and newborns with congenital syndromes/malformations, with 62 participants remaining. The exam was performed by a single operator. Data were processed by SPSS and by descriptive and comparative statistics. Result When considering the chronological age, only one infant presented erupted lower incisors at 6 months. Eruption delay (60%) can be verified when compared to the standard reported in the literature. However, when analyzed by adjusted age for prematurity, this delay was less frequent (32%). Among the natal and postnatal factors, the eruption delay was not related to birth weight, gestational age, sex, breastfeeding, finger/pacifier sucking, maternal schooling and family income. The greatest frequency of eruption delay by adjusted age occurred in cases in which the infant was considered small for the gestational age (p=0.006). Conclusion The eruption of the first deciduous tooth in preterm infants presented with delay, when assessed by chronological age. However, there was no delay when the corrected age for prematurity was used. Among the natal and postnatal factors, only the weight/gestational age relationship influenced the age of eruption.