jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Los Villares locality (Ruidera, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain): a new Middle Pleistocene fossil assemblage from the Southern Iberian Plateau with possible evidence of human activity

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We present the discovery of a Middle Pleistocene fossil assemblage at Los Villares (Ruidera, Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha), which has possible evidence of associated human activity. The potential of the site has been evaluated through multidisciplinary research including taxonomy, anatomy, deep learning, and direct dating of fossil remains. A surface study carried out in 2017, over a very limited area (2 m2) on the slope of one of the Ruidera lakes led to the discovery of more than 50 fossil specimens, including cranial (mainly teeth) and postcranial remains. This rich assemblage is dominated by the remains of Caprinae, although the presence of some small or medium carnivore remains also stands out. The identification of a cut mark, tested with Convolutional Neural Networks, suggests the presence of human activity within the bone assemblage. Several fossils were directly dated using a multi-technique approach involving radiocarbon, U-Th, and ESR methods. The results constrain the fossil assemblage to between 300 ka and 400 ka, positioning Los Villares as one of the first Middle Pleistocene localities identified in the Upper Guadiana basin, on the Southern edge of the Southern Iberian Plateau. These promising initial results show the great potential of the site to contribute to filling a gap of knowledge in the Pleistocene archaeo-paleontological record of the Iberian Peninsula. Nevertheless, we also acknowledge the need for systematic excavations in the future, not only to obtain a better idea of the lateral and stratigraphic extension of the fossil assemblage and its complete taxonomic composition but to confirm the human presence at the site.
Screening and signalling for technology licensing: a comparison

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article studies, in an adverse selection set‐up, how a patentee licenses a new technology in a two‐period context where the licensee has private information on its marginal cost of production. Two different ways of licensing are considered: the patentee offers, in the first period, either a menu of contracts that screens the different types of licensee or a single contract that obliges the licensee to signal its true type. Of these two contracts, the better for the patentee depends on the probability of the innovation gives rise to a low marginal cost and the difference between the high and low cost. Findings explain, to some degree, the variety of licensing contracts observed in practice (some including only a fixed fee, and others including both a royalty and a fixed fee). This variety may be rationalised by the use of different devices (signalling or screening) aimed at alleviating the effects of opportunism. A welfare comparison of the two means for extracting hidden information from the licensee is also made.
The Dark Nights of the Soul in Abrahamic Meditative Traditions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines traditional descriptions of challenging stages of Jewish, Christian, and Islamicate meditative paths and some of the ways in which contemporary teachers and students in the West interpret them. It explores how these “dark nights” are understood in some contemplative systems as part of an oscillatory trajectory between expansive and constricting states of consciousness that ultimately lead to traditional goals. These contemporary traditions often draw upon classical mystical texts to appraise such challenging experiences but translate their medieval frameworks of purification into the arena of depth psychology. In introducing the conception of “non-linear paths,” this chapter seeks to highlight the ways in which certain meditation-related difficulties are interpreted and normalized even as individual variability and the unpredictable nature of these paths has been acknowledged for centuries in these traditions.
The changing face of lung cancer epidemiology in Greece

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: LC trends show a strong divergence by sex&age over the years and marked differences in smoking habit and histological subtyping. Aim: To review available epidemiological data on LC incidence in Central Greece, identify age trends and interpret potential changes based on evolving societal circumstances. Materials and methods: Retrospective registry review in 3 tertiary hospitals(2 in Athens metropolitan area,1 in Central Greece)(regional hubs). Review of LC age trends during the period 2015-2020. Results: There is no unified LC registry in Greece;data is limited and is optionally collected. Mean annual LC diagnosis among the 3 hubs is 2216 cases with 90% cases diagnosed in Athens&male predominance. Annual LC incidence in Athens has increased by 20% between 2015-2020 & by 10% in central Greece. At the beginning of COVID19 pandemic LC diagnosis has significantly decreased in central Greece (-30%)versus Athens(-12%)which was attributed to the restructure of healthcare services. Until COVID19, there was an increasing trend in LC diagnosis in 46-50y(5% increase)which has ceased during the pandemic probably due to underreporting and under-presentation in LC services. There is an overall trend of increased LC diagnosis in the elderly population(10%)attributed to investigations for other comorbidities that result in incidental LC diagnosis while younger ages diagnosis remains stable. Conclusions: Greece is lacking a national LC registry and attempts are limited to institutional initiative however based on regional hub registries there is an increasing trend in LC cases diagnosis over the last 5y with a minor drop at the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic. LC diagnosis involves more elderly population while younger ages are stable.
One Interpretation for Recent BES Observation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by the recent BES observation of the p(p) enhancement near threshold in radiative J/ψdecays,X(1860) and X(1835),we choose the 0~(-+) trigluonium state as a possible candidate and calculate its mass with QCD sum rules,which is found to be approximately in the region between 1.9GeV and 2.TGeV with some theoretical uncertainties.With the fact that the new BES resonance exhibits the behavior of this trigluon state,our analyses favor the baryonium-gluonium mixing picture for the BES observation.
Cortical oscillations as seizure markers in photosensitive epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) is the most common reflex epilepsy, where seizures are triggered by a visual stimulus denoted by a ‘photoparoxysmal response’ (PPR) on an electroencephalogram (EEG).[1][1] PSE provides a reproducible model to investigate the changes in neuronal oscillatory networks
The Autonomous Inflow Control Valve Design and Evaluation Criteria Along with Well Performance Review for Multiple Installations Across the Globe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many wells across the globe have been installed with Inflow Control Device (ICD) technology to balance the production across the production interval, addressing some of the challenges associated with horizontal and deviated wells. Nevertheless, ICDs have limitations with restricting unwanted fluids upon breakthrough. Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) technology functions similar to an ICD initially (i.e., balancing flux across the length of horizontal wells, effectively delaying breakthrough) but provides the additional benefit of shutting off the flow of unwanted fluids upon breakthrough. This paper will present comprehensive AICV completion design workflow along with multiple case histories highlighting the reservoir management benefits of the AICV technology in mitigating un-wanted inflow of water and gas and delivering improved oil production and recovery. Like other AICDs (Autonomous Inflow Control Device), AICV can differentiate the fluid flowing through it via fluid properties such as viscosity and density at reservoir conditions. However, AICV's performance is much more effective due to its advanced design which provides further benefits using both Hagen-Poiseuille's and Bernoulli's principles. AICV technology is based on the difference in the pressure drop in a laminar flow element (LFE) compared to a turbulent flow element (TFE) and has a capability to shut-off the main flow autonomously when an unwanted fluid such as water or gas breakthrough occurs. Thus, reduces well water cut (WC) and/or gas-oil ratio (GOR) significantly. Rigorous single-phase and multiphase flow-loop tests have been conducted covering a wide range of fluid properties to characterize the AICVs flow performance. Extensive plugging testing and accelerated erosion tests have also been conducted. This paper presents some of these flow performance analysis and testing results. Furthermore, the paper will also discuss in detail a reservoir-centric AICV completion modelling and design workflow. Finally, this papers also discuss in detail AICV well performance installed in a light oil as well as in heavy oil reservoirs and how operators achieved higher OPEX saving as well as higher ultimate recovery (UR) from the wells due to prolonged as well as significant reduction in water cut and/or lower GOR. The AICV design methodology and performance evaluation analysis is presented through several case studies. The analysis takes into account the whole cycle: from flow loop testing to characterization, reservoir modelling, optimized AICV completion design and post-installation well performance to evaluate the AICV technology benefits.
Perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang hak guna bangunan no.26/gelora dan no.27/gelora atas nama pt.Indobuild.Co berdasarkan studi putusan peninjauan kembali mahkamah agung nomor : 276 pk/pdt/2011 = Law protection to the building owner of number.26/gelora and number.27/gelora on behalf of pt.Indobuild.Co based on supreme court judicial review decision number : 276 pk/pdt/2011

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The occurence of Multiple release on land certificates on the same land that was released by Nasional Land Agency is a common issue in this country. In this case, based on the supreme court judicial review number 276 PK/PDT/2011, the building owner is protected by law based on Indonesia Law. In practice, PT. Indobuild.co as the building owner of number26/gelora and number.27/Gelora. In relation to that, PT. Indobuild.co received a lawsuit from Indonesia National Secretary and the Management of Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex. The research method that being used in this study is normative juridical by using secondary data which then being analyzed with the qualitative analysis method. The result of this study shows that there are two formulations of the problems, which are: the statement within the Supreme Court Judicial Review Decision law for building owner protection and judge’s judgment on the land ownership dispute between PT. Indobuild.co & National Land Agency and National Secretary based on the supreme court judicial review number 276 PK/Pdt/2011.
Generating Monte Carlo Data to Study π0 Production in p+p Collisions at RHIC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) experiment based at Brookhaven National Lab uses collisions of polarized protons to study, among other things, the contributions of gluons to the spin of the proton. The STAR detector's Endcap Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EEMC), located in the pseudorapidity range 1 < η < 2, is sensitive to gluons carrying a low fraction of the proton momentum (x ~< 0.05), where the gluon spin contribution is still relatively poorly constrained. The gluon contribution can be determined by studying the π0 production from p+p collisions with different orientations of the spins of the colliding protons. π0 ’s are reconstructed using the energy deposited by the decay photons in the EEMC. Signal and background contributions can be separated using Monte Carlo simulated data. Monte Carlo data with a high tower trigger in the EEMC will be generated using Pythia and Geant software packages, with and without the addition of randomly triggered, "zero bias", events from STAR data. π0 ’s reconstructed from these two Monte Carlo data sets will be compared to each other and with data taken in 2012 (510 GeV/c2 pp center-of-mass energy).
Effect of Plant Nutrition on Fruit Set

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fruit set and retention determine the ultimate yield of mandarin; as adequate mineral elements play key role.The study investigated the effects of foliar applications of nitrogen, potassium, calcium including boron and zinc; alone and their combinations; on fruit set, growth and yield of mandarin; the experiments conducting in the Dhankuta district of Nepal during 2019 and 2020.The results revealed that severe flowers/fruitlets drop occurred to a range of 97.7% to 92.7% during bloom fruit set period as the highest set (7.3%) occurred at foliar spray of NK + micro-nutrients compared to the control treatment (2.3%).Accordingly, compared to the control treatments, spray application of NK+ micro-nutrients, and NPK soil + micro-nutrients increased the higher fruit set by 151.7 and 41.3% respectively during post-bloom since 28 th March until 1 st May.In regard to fruit drop, two treatments of foliar sprays: NPK + B + Zn + Ca; and NK + B + Zn + Ca had the lower fruit drops by 15.8 and 15.4 during June; and by 16.2 and 15.9% during preharvest period respectively, compared to the control treatment.The highest fruit diameter (58.9 mm) and weight (63.4 g) were found at the treatment NPK + B + Zn + Ca among the treatments; likewise, the corresponding the highest number of fruits (1790 nos) and total fruit yield (101.81 kg) per tree were also observed at the same treatment.
Negligence and the collapse of the rule of law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the collapse of the law of negligence from a highly principled area of the law into one openly based on a wide discretion, in which what matters at the end of the day is what is considered to be ‘fair, just and reasonable’. It shows that, when we are able to take a step back from our investigation of legal doctrine to look at the law from a distance, it can clearly be seen that this law has departed a very long way from the ideal of the rule of law - the only real question being how this has been so hidden.
Prevalence of Babesia species in hunting dogs in Ogun State South West Nigeria

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Dogs are commonly used for hunting in Nigeria and they may harbour parasites without showing any clinical features. Babesiosis is a worldwide, tick-borne, protozoal haemoparasitic disease caused by parasites of genus Babesia.
This study assessed by means of microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the presence of Babesia species in 109 indigenous Nigerian hunting dogs.
One hundred and nine hunting dogs were sampled from 21 different locations, from May 2014 to March 2015 with ages ranging from less than 1 to greater than 6 years. The average weight of the dogs studied was 12.20±0.33kg with the mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of 35.2±0.86% and mean age of 3.01±0.23 years. Using microscopy 24 (22%) of the dogs were positive for Babesia species. There were no statistically significant differences in the gender (p=0.84), age (p= 0.71), weight (p= 0.45) and PCV (p=0.87) of infected and non-infected dogs. With PCR assay, 52 (47.7%) of the sampled dogs were positive to Babesia spp. Of which 18 (34.6%) were male and 34(65.4%) were females. There were no statistical significance between the presence of Babesia spp. and sex (p=0.11) also with PCV (p=0.06) of hunting dogs but there were significant differences in their ages (p=0.04) and weights (p= 0.01)
Using PCR as a gold standard the specificity and sensitivity of microscopy for detecting Babesia were 77.2% and 21.2 % respectively. The positive predictive value for microscopy was 45.8% while the negative predictive value was 51.8% with a diagnostic accuracy of 50%. The implication of the presence of the parasite in the study areas is discussed.
Impact of Sediment Layer on Longitudinal Dispersion in Sewer Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experiments focused on pollution transport and dispersion phenomena in conditions of low flow (low water depth and velocities) in sewers with bed sediment and deposits are presented. Such conditions occur very often in sewer pipes during dry weather flows. Experiments were performed in laboratory conditions. To simulate real hydraulic conditions in sewer pipes, sand of fraction 0.6–1.2 mm was placed on the bottom of the pipe. In total, we performed 23 experiments with 4 different thicknesses of sand sediment layers. The first scenario is without sediment, the second is with sediment filling 3.4% of the pipe diameter (sediment layer thickness = 8.5 mm), the third scenario represents sediment filling 10% of the pipe diameter (sediment layer thickness = 25 mm) and sediment fills 14% of the pipe diameter (sediment layer thickness = 35 mm) in the last scenario. For each thickness of the sediment layer, a set of tracer experiments with different flow rates was performed. The discharge ranges were from (0.14–2.5)·10−3 m3·s−1, corresponding to the range of Reynolds number 500–18,000. Results show that in the hydraulic conditions of a circular sewer pipe with the occurrence of sediment and deposits, the value of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient Dx decreases almost linearly with decrease of the flow rate (also with Reynolds number) to a certain limit (inflexion point), which is individual for each particular sediment thickness. Below this limit the value of the dispersion coefficient starts to rise again, together with increasing asymmetricity of the concentration distribution in time, caused by transient (dead) storage zones.
Observer design of critical states for air path flow regulation in a variable geometry turbocharger exhaust gas recirculation diesel engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern automotive diesel engines rely on control strategies that must optimally manage the flows of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas to achieve the best trade-off between torque demand and engine out emissions. An important aspect of the gas exchange regulation problem is the complex interaction between the variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve and their associated flows. Control strategies that seek to optimize these flows must either have direct flow measurements or have access to the state variables that provide information on these flows. Furthermore, while the precise control of high-pressure (HP) EGR flow is essential, minimizing its usage is desirable given the engine durability concerns related to the excessive use of HP EGR, such as EGR valve coking and sticking, plugged EGR cooler, cylinder deposits, and valve deposits, to name a few. Exhaust gas recirculation may be optimally used if information on the level of inertness or leanness (oxygen content) of the exhaust gases is available. This paper presents the systematic design of observers for state variables that facilitate the design of such an optimal gas exchange control policy, thereby eliminating the need for direct sensing of the state variables for which the observer designs are proposed.
Cancer Classification using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System with Runge Kutta Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cancer research is one of the major research areas in the medical field.Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System is used for the classification of Cancer.This algorithm compared with proposed algorithm of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference system with Runge Kutta learning method for the best classification of cancer.It is one of the better techniques for the classification of the cancer.The Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System is one of the well-known neural fuzzy controllers with fuzzy inference capability.For the cancer classification inputs are collected from the dataset of Lymphoma dataset and Leukemia dataset.In this paper, focused in classification of cancer by using ANFIS with RKLM.
Approaches of Egg Decontamination for Sustainable Food Safety

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eggs are a rich source of protein, minerals, lipids, and vitamins. Eggs are an essential source of bacterial microflora. Controlling antimicrobial resistance and reducing food loss and waste are essential for a sustainable future. To prevent spoilage and to preserve eggs, a variety of techniques, including thermal and non-thermal, are often used. This paper explores the decontamination methods for egg preservation that have been applied. In previous studies, the initial contamination of the eggs varied from 2 to 9 log CFU per egg. Either thermal or non-thermal techniques resulted in reduced concentrations of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli, respectively, on the surface of the egg that ranged 0.62–5.9 log, 1.27–4.9 log, and 0.06–6.39 log, respectively, for the former, and being 1.2–7.8 log, 5.0–7.8 log, and 6.5–6.6 log, respectively, for the latter. Thermal approaches were more effective than the non-thermal approaches. Some of these methods had negative consequences on the egg’s functionality, while combination methods, such as thermoultrasonifcation (ozone-UV radiation or heat‐ozone), mitigated these effects. Other decontamination methods require further investigation, particularly the potential for scaling up for commercial usage and the associated costs. In conclusion, decontamination methods are required to extend shelf life of eggs, and to decrease consumer risks associated with foodborne pathogens.
An Evidence Based Pathway to Net Zero Ready Homes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the UK, the Future Homes Standard (FHS) will be used to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 75-80% in newly constructed houses as part of the effort to achieve net zero by 2050. This chapter explains what this means in practice through design and building of houses by a housing association and speculative housebuilder. Research carried out by the Centre for Future Homes at Birmingham City University (BCU), has enabled a deeper understanding to emerge in how technology and collaborative approaches to production by all participants engaged in the supply chain can ensure attainment of carbon emissions. Crucially, the research has incorporated analysis of the experiences of occupants of innovative houses in altering behaviour and interaction with technology including heat pumps and ventilation systems. Findings from the research will be widely disseminated to assist others in appreciating the potential for housing, built with traditional locally available labour materials to be part of the effort to arrest climate change through proactive carbon reduction.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, UMK, dan Tingkat Investasi terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the impact of economic growth, minimum wages at the district/city level, and foreign direct investment on labor absorption among the working-age population. The data used spans the period from 2017 to 2020 and covers 35 districts and cities in Central Java Province. The data analysis method employed is the Fixed Effects Model approach. Based on the analysis results, the variables of Gross Domestic Product and Foreign Direct Investment have a positive effect on labor absorption, while the variable of Minimum Wages at the district/city level has a negative effect on labor absorption.