jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multipolarization-Reconfigurable Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel single-feed ultrawideband cavity-backed slot antenna with a reconfigurable polarization capability is demonstrated in substrate-independent air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) technology for Internet-of-Things applications in the [5.15-5.85] GHz frequency band of the unlicensed national information infrastructure. The antenna achieves an ultrawide impedance bandwidth by exploiting a double ring of slots and supports four switchable linear polarization states (+/- 45 degrees, 0 degrees, +45 degrees, and 90 degrees) by leveraging four quartets of p-i-n diodes. By electrically shorting the slots at well-defined positions by these p-i-n diodes, dynamic polarization reconfiguration is achieved by switching their dc bias current, supplied at the antenna feed through an external bias tee and routed from the antenna's back to front cavity plane via the AFSIW sidewalls. This new simple, yet effective, bias network enables the integration of all polarization control electronics inside the antenna cavity to protect them from environmental effects. Finally, measurements prove that the prototype exhibits an overlapping impedance bandwidth of 29%, from 4.85 to 6.45 GHz, and a stable conically shaped radiation pattern across the operating bandwidth with a 3 dB beamwidth of 45 degrees and a peak gain of 6.5 dBi for all four states.
Diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic ray and gamma radiation from young supernova shells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (6) References (29) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Diffusive Shock Acceleration of Cosmic Rays and Gamma Radiation from Young Supernova Shells Berezinskii, V. S. ; Ptuskin, V. S. Abstract The generation of gamma radiation produced by the protons accelerated at shock fronts in young SN II envelopes is considered. The shocked gas is known to form the shell limited by the inner and outer shock fronts. The radiation results from p-p interactions inside the shell through production and decay of pions. The flux of gamma rays expected from SN II in the Galaxy are shown to be detectable. The signature of the considered mechanism is early production of the signal, whereas the radiation produced inside the envelope is emitted when transparency sets in. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: May 1989 DOI: 10.1086/167397 Bibcode: 1989ApJ...340..351B Keywords: Cosmic Rays; Gamma Ray Astronomy; Particle Acceleration; Stellar Envelopes; Supernova Remnants; Gas Density; Milky Way Galaxy; Relativistic Particles; Shock Fronts; Space Radiation; COSMIC RAYS: GENERAL; GAMMA RAYS: GENERAL; NEBULAE: SUPERNOVA REMNANTS; PARTICLE ACCELERATION full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (1)
Keeping and Scrapping: The Story of a Mendelian Lecture Plate of Hugo de Vries

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

One of the lecture plates in the collection of the Museum of the University of Amsterdam, generally believed to be used by the Dutch botanist Hugo de Vries, has aroused much discussion in relation to the question of whether or not de Vries knew Mendel's laws before he published his rediscovery of them in 1900. The plate suggests that de Vries observed Mendelian segregation ratios in 1895 and 1896 in the progeny of a cross of two varieties of Papaver with different flower colour. According to his own account, it was through this cross that he first deduced the laws of Mendel in 1896. Some researchers have accepted the lecture plate as proof for this claim. My conclusion is that the plate was not made before 1900 but in 1904 for a lecture course in the USA and, as a consequence, that it is not a contemporary piece of evidence. A closer look at the descriptions of the depicted experiment in de Vries' publications revealed that its original goal was not to investigate segregation but to transfer a monstrosity. The segregation of the flower colour was a (possibly unexpected) accidental event. No research notes of the experiment have survived, but a note on an experiment with Veronica, performed in the same successive years as the Papaver experiment and definitely intended to investigate the segregation of flower colour, shows that this experiment was interpreted in a theoretically conceived, more or less Mendelian way. Because of a sloppy performance, no firm conclusions could be drawn from the experiment, but de Vries clearly had the idea of Mendelian segregation in 1896. That he never brought it up before 1900 suggests that he could not establish the general validity of segregation rules, as is shown in the case of Veronica. The reading of Mendel's paper in 1900 immediately put an end to de Vries' doubts. He scrapped the failures and kept the successes, proudly presenting these to the public as proof for the laws of segregation and, at the same time, of the independence of his discovery.
Police perceptions of young people: a qualitative analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Police views of young people inform the way they exercise discretion overthis group. However, few studies have sought to formally document andexamine police views of young people. The limited existing research isalso mostly dated. This article begins to address this gap in the literatureby presenting the results of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 41police officers from Queensland, Australia. Stemming from a larger studyof Police-Citizens Youth Clubs and using a grounded theory approachto data analysis, the article demonstrates the key ways in which policeconceptualised young people. It reveals that while police had varied views,they predominantly constructed young people as in need of intervention.The article concludes by arguing that such a conceptualisation of youngpeople could be problematic, given that police intervention has been shownto be a strong predictor of future criminal justice involvement.
METHODICAL BASES OF FORMATION OF STRUCTURE OF INVESTMENT RESOURCES OF ENTERPRISES AND REGIONS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

У статті розглядається різні аспекти проблеми інвестиційної діяльності регіонів, такі як : фінансування інвестиційних проектів за рахунок коштів фінансових установ, бюджетних та власних коштів суб’єктів економіки. Необхідною передумовою розвитку економіки є підвищення інвестиційної активності інвесторів у країні, збільшення інвестиційних ресурсів та ефективне їх використання. Саме інвестиції формують виробничий потенціал на новій науково-технічній базі й визначають конкурентні позиції країн на світових ринках. Інвестиційна діяльність, а також сукупність практичних дій з реалізації інвестицій є одним з основних засобів зростання національного доходу. Відповідно до загальної теорії управління, сучасні концептуальні позиції в управлінні інвестиціями діяльність підприємства - це наукові підходи, що відображають основні особливості управління інвестиційною поведінкою економічна система на основі системного підходу до розуміння сутності інвестиційної діяльність , втіленої в Україні система науково обґрунтованих концепцій та принципів управління інвестиційною діяльністю економічних систем. Дослідження інвестиційної сфери економіки завжди перебувало в центрі уваги науковців та практиків. Це обумовлено тим, що інвестиції є базовим елементом діяльності усіх суб’єктів господарювання, у тому числі й держави. Зазначимо, що інвестиційна діяльність перебуває під впливом багатьох факторів, урахування яких під час її оцінки та прийняття обґрунтованих рішень вимагає застосування багатокритеріальних підходів, також вибір конкретних інструментів регулювання залежить від структури господарства, його специфіки та рівня розвитку ринкових інструментів. Підсумовано, що за будь-якої модель інвестиційної політики, державне регулювання інвестиційної діяльності повинна бути частиною загальної системи економічної політики та ринкової рівноваги. З’ясовано сутність інвестиційного ризику діяльності підприємства. Визначено основні чинники, які зумовлюють інвестиційний ризик промислових підприємств. Виконано класифікацію видів інвестиційного ризику. Запропоновано методичний підхід до обґрунтування критерію прийняття оптимальних інвестиційних рішень в умовах невизначеності.
Correlation effect of the doped Kondo insulator described on the basis of the periodic Anderson model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the periodic Anderson model away from half filling in the framework of self-consistent second-order perturbation theory. The carrier concentration dependence of the density of states spectrum, spin and charge susceptibilities, and magnetization process is systematically investigated. We find that the coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of the linear-in-$T$ specific heat and the spin susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{s}}(T)$ at $T=0$ decrease as the carrier concentration decreases near half filling, while $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{s}}(T=0)$ themselves are strongly enhanced by the Coulomb interaction. In the temperature dependence of the spin susceptibility and the magnetic-field dependence of the magnetization, it is found that the characteristic energy that corresponds to the hybridization gap appearing at half filling is observed even away from half filling, and another characteristic energy appears in the system with finite doping. Although there are apparently two distinguishable energy scales away from half filling, it is shown that they are related by the Fermi liquid parameter and both are nothing but energy scales that characterize quasiparticles constructed in the renormalized hybridization band.
A Replicated Test for Correlated Responses in Egg Weight and Early Growth Rate from Selection for Hatching Time in the Fowl

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Selection for fast and slow hatching time for a single generation in five replicates resulted in significant direct responses in hatching time. The realized heritability estimates varied from .10 to .34 over replicates with a mean value of .19 ± .02. No significant correlated responses were observed in embryo weight at 14 days of incubation or in chick body weight at hatching, measured on the progeny of the selected parents for the first generation. Previous results in single replicate experiments where a theoretical estimate of the random genetic drift error was used in the tests, indicated significant correlated responses in embryo and chick weight. It is suggested that replicated experiments such as the present one provide an empirical estimate of the error including random genetic drift which would be more accurate as a tester for line differences. No significant differences between the selected lines were observed for egg weight, adult body weight, age at 50% production, rate of lay, or hatchability when these means were measured on the selected parents. It is concluded that there is no evidence of genetic correlations between hatching time and any of the other traits measured in the egg production strains studied.
[Processes of plant colonization by Methylobacterium strains and some bacterial properties ].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMB) of the genus Methylobacterium are indespensible inhabitants of the plant phyllosphere. Using maize Zea mays as a model, the ways of plant colonization by PPFMB and some properties of the latter that might be beneficial to plants were studied. A marked strain, Methylobacterium mesophilicum APR-8 (pULB113), was generated to facilitate the detection of the methylotrophic bacteria inoculated into the soil or applied to the maize leaves. Colonization of maize leaves by M. mesophilicum APR-8 (pULB113) occurred only after the bacteria were applied onto the leaf surface. In this case, the number of PPFMB cells on inoculated leaves increased with plant growth. During seed germination, no colonization of maize leaves with M. mesophilicum cells occurred immediately from the soil inoculated with the marked strain. Thus, under natural conditions, colonization of plant leaves with PPFMB seems to occur via soil particle transfer to the leaves by air. PPFMB monocultures were not antagonistic to phytopathogenic bacteria. However, mixed cultures of epiphytic bacteria containing Methylobacterium mesophilicum or M. extorquens did exhibit an antagonistic effect against the phytopathogenic bacteria studied (Xanthomonas camprestris, Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia carotovora, Clavibacter michiganense, and Agrobacterium tumifaciens). Neither epiphytic and soil strains of Methylobacterium extorquens, M. organophillum, M. mesophilicum, and M. fujisawaense catalyzed ice nucleation. Hence, they cause no frost injury to plants. Thus, the results indicate that the strains of the genus Methylobacterium can protect plants against adverse environmental factors.
A new record of Lyssa zampa (Butler) from Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Jeong, Heon-Cheon, Kim, Min-Jee, Kim, Iksoo, Choi, Sei-Woong (2016): A new record of Lyssa zampa (Butler) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 5 (2): 220-222, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2016.5.2.220, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.2.220
Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 14:492-503 (2009) COMBINING MUTUAL INFORMATION WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS TO SCREEN FOR FUNCTIONALLY IMPORTANT RESIDUES IN INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Influenza hemagglutinin mediates both cell-surface binding and cell entry by the virus. Mutations to hemagglutinin are thus critical in determining host species specificity and viral infectivity. Previous approaches have primarily considered point mutations and sequence conservation; here we develop a complementary approach using mutual information to examine concerted mutations. For hemagglutinin, several overlapping selective pressures can cause such concerted mutations, including the host immune response, ligand recognition and host specificity, and functional requirements for pHinduced activation and membrane fusion. Using sequence mutual information as a metric, we extracted clusters of concerted mutation sites and analyzed them in the context of crystallographic data. Comparison of influenza isolates from two subtypes—human H3N2 strains and human and avian H5N1 strains—yielded substantial differences in spatial localization of the clustered residues. We hypothesize that the clusters on the globular head of H3N2 hemagglutinin may relate to antibody recognition (as many protective antibodies are known to bind in that region), while the clusters in common to H3N2 and H5N1 hemagglutinin may indicate shared functional roles. We propose that these shared sites may be particularly fruitful for mutagenesis studies in understanding the infectivity of this common human pathogen. The combination of sequence mutual information and structural analysis thus helps generate novel functional hypotheses that would not be apparent via either method alone. 1.
Evaluation of three-dimensional acromiohumeral distance in the standing position and comparison with its conventional measuring methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Narrowing of the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) implies a rotator cuff tear. However, conventional AHD measurements using two-dimensional (2D) imaging or with the patient in the supine position might differ from that while standing during daily activity. This study aimed to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) actual distance between the acromion and humeral head in the standing position and compare the AHD values with those obtained using conventional measuring methods. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of 166 shoulders from 83 healthy volunteers (31 male and 52 female; mean age 40.1 ± 5.8 years; age range, 30–49 years) were prospectively acquired in the supine and standing positions using conventional and upright CT scanners, respectively. The minimum distance between the acromion and humeral head on the 3D surface models was considered as the 3D AHD. We measured the 2D AHD on anteroposterior digitally reconstructed radiographs. The AHD values were compared between the supine and standing positions and between the 2D and 3D measurements. Results: The mean values of 2D AHD were 8.8 ± 1.3 mm (range, 5.9–15.4 mm) in the standing position and 8.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 5.3–14.3 mm) in the supine position. The mean values of 3D AHD were 7.3 ± 1.4 mm (range, 4.7–14.0 mm) in the standing position and 6.6 ± 1.2 mm (range, 4.4–13.7 mm) in the supine position. The values of 3D AHD were significantly lower than those of 2D AHDs in both the standing and supine positions ( P < 0.001). The values of 2D and 3D AHDs were significantly lower in the supine position than in the standing position ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study evaluated the 3D AHD of normal shoulders in the standing position using an upright CT scanner. The present results indicated that assessments in the supine position can underestimate the value of the AHD compared with those made in the standing position and that assessments using 2D analysis can overestimate the value.
Tunable population dynamics in a synthetic filamentous co-culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Microbial co-cultures are of great interest in biotechnology in quest to mimic competition and interaction within the natural environment. Thereby, the production of novel natural products can be stimulated. Especially filamentous organisms offer a huge metabolic diversity. However, most studies in this direction empirically combine different organisms without a deep understanding of the underlying interactions and population dynamics. Results Here, we apply high-throughput online monitoring of the respiration rate and fluorescence of tagged strains to provide detailed insight into co-culture interactions. A model synthetic filamentous co-culture of the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 and the non-cellulolytic bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was developed. The aforementioned co-culture was set-up to use α-cellulose as carbon source. This established a dependency of S. coelicolor on T. reesei , which secretes cellulases that in turn provide cellulose hydrolysate sugars to S. coelicolor . For this process, the respiration rate allowed to assess the degree of cellulose consumption and thereby, clearly differentiate between conditions of successful and non-successful cellulase formation. Furthermore, T. reesei and S. coelicolor were tagged with mCherry and mNeonGreen fluorescence proteins, respectively. Hence, the individual contributions of the strains in this co-culture system could be dissected, which provided detailed information on the population dynamics. As tunable biotic parameter, the inoculation ratio was tested. Both partners were observed to outcompete the other when given a too high inoculation advantage. However, adequate inoculation ratios for a co-culture with successful cellulase production and simultaneous growth of both partners were found. In these co-cultivations, production of pigments could be triggered, which was not observed in respective axenic control cultures. Finally, population dynamics were also tuned in co-cultures by modulation of abiotic factors, osmolality and shaking frequency. Increased osmolality provided a growth advantage to S. coelicolor and delay of T. reesei growth and cellulase production. In contrast, an increase of shaking frequency had a drastic negative effect on S. coelicolor biomass formation. Conclusion This work presents how information gaps for complex co-cultures can be comprehensively resolved by detailed online insight. The information gathered with respiration rate and fluorescence monitoring allows for set-up of tailor-made co-culture bioprocesses.
Supplementary Tables S1-S5 from Inhibition of mTORC1/2 Overcomes Resistance to MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Mediated by PGC1α and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Tables S1-S5. Table S1. Patients in the MIA/WH cohort treated with BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Table S2. Patients in the MGH patient cohort were treated with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib or a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib+trametinib). Table S3. The following melanoma cell lines with known BRAF and NRAS mutation status were seeded in 96 well plates overnight and treated with increasing concentrations (dose range 9nM-6.5mM) of selumetinib (SEL), AZD8055 or their combination. Table S4. Mutations detected in the selumetinib-resistant A375 and WM35 cell line clones compared to their parental cell lines. Table S5. Hugo gene symbols, chromosomal location and gene names of the 202 genes represented in the T200 exon sequencing panel.</p>
A Study on Organic Architecture Characteristics in Works of Gaudi and Hundertwasser

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(연구배경 및 목적) 인간은 사물을 처음 만들기 시작하면서부터 자연의 재료와 형태에 영감을 받아 그 형상을 은유, 묘사, 모방하기 시작했다. 그 후에도 자연은 여러 디자인에 있어 중요한 모티브가 되었고, 건축에서도 유기적 건축이라 불리며 중요한 역할을 해왔다. 유기적 건축이라는 개념은 과거의 여러 건축가들로 인해 꾸준히 발전되어 왔고, 현재까지도 그 중요성이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서 두 작가를 연구하게된 목적은 안토니 가우디와 훈데르트바서는 각기 다른 자국인 스페인과 오스트리아로 풍토와 지역기후에서 큰 차이를 보이는데, 어린 시절 자신이 자라온 환경에 영향을 받고, 각자의 지역 전통방식을 반영한 건축물과 디자인을 전개하였다. 건축물에 있어서는 현대 건축보다는 근대기 유기적 건축인 자연 유기체의 형태적 표현을 모방하며, 주변 자연 환경과 건축의 관계를 불가분한 것으로 보았다. 또한 19세기 후반 아르누보 양식의 영향을 받아 식물형태와 강렬한 색채 사용 등을 기본에 둔 새로운 장식을 건축에 표현하였는데, 같은 기법이어도 두 작가가 초점을 맞추고 설계에 있어 중요시 하는 기준에서는 분명한 차이가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비슷하지만 서로 주장하는 바의 사상, 개념 해석력이 다른 점을 보이는 두 건축가를 각 작품에 나타나는 대표작을 통해 유기적 개념과 표현법을 분석함에 목적을 둔다. 이는 유기적 건축의 양상을 파악할 수 있다는 측면에서 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다. (연구방법) 본 연구에서는 문헌조사와 선행연구를 통해 유기적 개념과 건축 특성을 알아보고, 두 건축가의 작품에 나타나는 유기적 건축 특성 및 조형성 등은 종합 사례 표를 제시하여 분석 한 뒤, 이를 통해 특성 및 해석에 대하여 타당성을 부여한다. (결과) 가우디는 카탈루냐 고딕이라는 지역 전통을 반영하고 자연에서 영감을 얻어 건축물과 자연이 일체 되는 것을 강조하였고, 나무나 뼈, 근육의 힘줄과 같은 구조로 조형물에 가까운 유기적 건축물을 표현하였다. 또한, 돌은 언제나 가우디가 원하는 형태로 만들어 주는 무궁할 가능성을 가진 재료로써, 쉽게 인지되지 않는 연속된 곡선을 사용하여 가우디만의 유기적 건축물을 만들어 냈다. 이에 훈데르트바서는 인간은 자연에 잠시 들린 손님이라며, 기본 이념이 인간이 거주하는 곳에 환경을 보호해야한다 생각했다. 또한, 인간과 자연에 손상을 입히는 건축을 반대했고 생태적, 친환경적의 중요성을 건축의 대지 경계를 무시하는 등 종합적으로 표현하였으며, 직선은 인간성의 상실로 이어지고, 무신론적 비도덕적 이라 생각하여 모든 건축물에 유기체 곡선과 나선을 사용하였다. 이 분석을 통해 결론적으로 두 건축가는 자연과의 조화를 중시하고, 자연의 선이라 믿는 곡선을 주로 사용했다는 점을 알 수 있었으며, 서로 다른 지역 환경에서 자신만의 유기적 건축을 해석하는 표현법 또한 볼 수 있었다. (결론) 본 연구는 앞서 고찰한 두 건축가의 작품을 통해 유기적 건축의 의미를 모색하였는데, 이를 통해 유기적 건축이 현시대에 맞게 다시 한 번 재해석되어 건축물을 창조하는 데 있어 새로운 가능성을 제시 할 수 있도록 이와 비슷한 연구가 지속되어야 한다고 생각한다.
Rectal Radiation Dose-Reduction Techniques in Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Rectal Spacer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. External beam radiotherapy by a variety of methods is a standard treatment option with excellent disease control. However, acute and late rectal side effects remain a limiting concern in intensification of therapy in higher-risk patients and in efforts to reduce treatment burden in others. A number of techniques have emerged that allow for high-radiation dose delivery to the prostate with reduced risk of rectal toxicity, including image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy, endorectal balloons and various forms of rectal spacers. Image-guided radiation therapy, either intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic ablative radiation therapy, in conjunction with a rectal spacer, is an efficacious means to reduce acute and long-term rectal toxicity.