jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An ERA5 tropospheric parameters-augmented approach for improving GNSS precise point positioning

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technology has developed into a potent instrument for geodetic positioning, ionospheric modeling, tropospheric atmospheric parameter detection, and seismic monitoring. As atmospheric reanalysis data products' accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution have improved recently, it has become important to apply these products to obtain high-accuracy tropospheric delay parameters, like zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and tropospheric horizontal gradient. These tropospheric delay parameters can be applied to PPP to reduce the convergence time and to increase the accuracy in the vertical direction of the position. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis data is the latest product with a high spatiotemporal resolution released by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Only a few researches have evaluated the application of ERA5 data to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PPP. Therefore, this study compared and validated the ZTD products derived from ERA5 data using ZTD values provided by 290 global International GNSS Service (IGS) stations for 2016–2017. The results indicated a stable performance for ZTD, with annual average bias and RMS values of 0.23 cm and 1.09 cm, respectively. Further, GNSS observations for one week in each of the four seasons (spring: DOY 92–98; summer: DOY 199–205; autumn: DOY 275–281; and winter: DOY 22–28) from 34 multi-GNSS experiments (MGEX) stations distributed globally in 2016 were considered to evaluate the performance of ERA5-derived tropospheric delay products in GNSS PPP. The performance of ERA5-enhanced PPP was compared with that of the two standard GNSS PPP schemes (without estimated tropospheric horizontal gradient and with estimated tropospheric horizontal gradient). The results demonstrated that ERA5-enhanced GNSS PPP showed no significant improvement in the convergence times in both the Eastern (E) and Northern (N) directions, while the average convergence time over four weeks in the vertical (U) direction improved by 53.3% and 52.7%, respectively (in the case of pngm station). The average convergence times for each week in the U direction of the northern and southern hemisphere stations indicated a decrease of 16.3%, 12.6%, 9.6%, and 9.1%, and 16.9%, 9.6%, 8.9%, and 14.5%, respectively. Regarding positioning accuracy, ERA5-enhanced PPP showed an improvement of 13.3% and 16.2% over the two standard PPP schemes in the U direction, respectively. No significant improvement in the positioning performance was observed in both the E and N directions. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential application of the ERA5 tropospheric parameters-augmented approach to Beidou navigation and positioning.
Supporting expeditionary aerospace forces : an integrated strategic agile combat support planning framework

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report addresses support of emerging Air Force employment strategies associated with Expeditionary Aerospace Forces (EAFs). Although much work remains to define these new responsibilities and prepare Air Force units to meet them, it is clear that the EAF concepts will play a central role in the future Air Force. FAF concepts turn on the premise that rapidly tailorable, quickly deployable, immediately employable, and highly effective air and space force packages can serve as a viable substitute for permanent forward presence in both the strategic and the tactical arenas. Success of the EAF will, to a great extent, depend on the effectiveness and efficiency of the Agile Combat Support (ACS) system.
On a high-performance vlsi solution to database problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This thesis explores the design and use of custom-made VLSI hardware in the area of database problems. Our effort differs from most previous ones in that we search for structures and algorithms, directly implementable on silicon, for the solution of computation-intensive database problems. The types of target database systems include the general database management systems and the design database systems. The thesis deals mainly with database systems of the relational model. One common view concerning special-purpose hardware usage is that it performs a specific task. The proposed device is not a hardware solution to a specific problem, but provides a number of useful data structures and basic operations. It can be used to improve the performance of any sequential algorithm which makes extensive use of such data structures and basic operations. The design is based on a few basic cells, interconnected together in the form of a complete binary tree. The proposed device can handle all the basic relational operations: select, join, project, union, and intersection. With a special-purpose device of limited size attached to a host, the overall performance may ultimately be dictated by the I/O between the two sites. The ideal special-purpose device design is one that achieves a balance between computation and I/O. We propose a model to study the I/O complexity for sorting n numbers with any special-purpose hardware device of size s, and show a lower bound result of omega (n log n/log s). We present an optimal design achieving this bound. An important finding is that for practical ranges on the quantity of data to be sorted, systolic sorting devices of small sizes can beat fast sequential sorting algorithms.
Gestational diabetes versus pregestational diabetes. Perinatal results.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fundament: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most affecting diseases in the development of pregnancy. This greatly depends on the metabolic control achieved, which has demanded several proyects of treatment, thus decreasing the risks that the gestational process carries out. Objective: to compare the perinatal results between the diabetic gestational women and pregestational ones admitted at Cienfuegos Hospital. Method: Comparative study developed at the Gynecological-Obstetric Universitary Hospital from Cienfuegos province, from January to december 2003, including 167 pregnant women with Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The variables under study were: type of Diabetes, Márquez Guillén classification about good or bad fetal-maternal prognosis , treatment used, type of delivery, gestational age at labor, newborn weight, prenatal and maternal complication. Results: There was a predominance of gestational diabetes (73, 6 %) over the cases with pregestational diabetes (26,3 %). According to Marquez Guillén classification , the bad fetal-maternal prognosis (X=16.37, p < 0.05), the treatment with diet plus insulin(X=53.5, p < 0.05),abortio(X=32.2, p < 0.05),pre term delivery (X=11, p < 0.05),maternal morbidity (X=36.8, p < 0.05) and perinatal morbidity (X=39.6, p < 0.05) were the most frequent in pregestationaldiabetes than in gestational diabetes.
Medical Q&A Statement NER Based on ECA Attention Mechanism and Lexical Enhancement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical NER is a basic task of information extraction in medical domain, and a key step of entity relationship extraction and medical health Q&A. To address the problems of small NER datasets, sparse entity types and difficult construction methods in medical domain, we built own large-scale medical Q&A statement dataset Ywbd-2022 based on medical Q&A statement pairs. The dataset contains nine categories of entities, and covers more than 94000 statement pairs using three annotation methods. Experiments show that the dataset has high availability and strong training ability. Meanwhile, the method based on vocabulary enhancement can avoid the decline of model performance and recognition accuracy caused by word segmentation errors. Therefore, in this paper, the vocabulary enhancement method is applied to the medical NER field, combined with a large untagged medical domain corpus for BERT pre-training, combined with ECA attention mechanism, fine-tuning on the professional data set, to obtain a medical NER domain-oriented vocabulary enhancement model BERT-SL-ECA. Experimentally, the Bert-SL-ECA model achieves optimal results from all three major CCKS conference evaluation datasets from 2017 to 2019, and achieved a F1 value of 96.64% on the Ywbd-2022 dataset.
The Effect of Sustained Hyperammonemia upon the Metabolic State of the Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of sustained hyperammonemia upon the cerebral energy state and upon extra- and intracellular acid-base parameters were evaluated in lightly anesthetized normocapnic rats. The hyperammonemia was associated with decreased pools of labile phosphates (PCr and ATP) in spite of unchanged intracellular pH, thus indicating an unbalanced energy metabolism. A functional depletion of α-ketoglutarate is discussed as a possible mechanism.
RECOGNITION OF QTL FOR SEED PROTEIN AND OIL CONTENT IN TWO SOYBEAN RECOMBINAT INBRED LINES POPULATIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Enhancing protein and oil amounts in soybean seed is one of the main objectives of breeding programs. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for protein and oil contents in two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of soybean. Genotyping of the RIL3613 (Dongnong L13×Heihe 36) and RIL6013 (Dongnong L13×Henong 60) populations was performed using simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs), respectively. Phenotypic data for protein and oil contents in both populations were collected in three different environments. The results indicated wide variations across the lines and among different environments in protein and oil contents, with statistical significance. Nine and five QTLs responsible for protein and oil contents, respectively, explained 6.4515%-13.0368% and 5.7236%-17.7396% of the overall phenotypic variations. Of the detected QTLs, one was previously unknown. These QTLs would be very valuable for breeding soybean with improved nutritional quality. Key words: Soybean, Protein content, Oil content, Association mapping population, QTL
[Testicular cavernous hemangioma associated with intrascrotal testicular torsion: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 22-year-old man consulted our hospital with a left intrascrotal mass and a six-day history of dull pain in the left lower abdomen. Serum levels of tumor markers were normal. Testicular ultrasonography demonstrated a heterogeneous isoechoic mass in the left testis. Computed tomography revealed a left testicular mass with high density. A diagnosis of probable testicular malignancy was made, and left radical orchiectomy was performed. Intraoperative findings indicated torsion of the left testis. The testis was necrotic and the mass including the testis was extirpated. The histopathological diagnosis was testicular cavernous hemangioma. To our knowledge, only 20 cases of cavernous hemangioma of the testis have been reported to date, and this is the first report of testicular hemangioma presenting with torsion of the testis.
Identification of lncRNA expression profiles and analysis of ceRNA in the hippocampus of perinatal glyphosate‐exposed mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective In order to understand the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) played in the mechanisms of glyphosate neurotoxicity in neuronal development. Methods Perinatal glyphosate exposure (PGE) mouse model was constructed, and a lncRNA microarray was used to study the lncRNA expression changes in the hippocampus tissue of perinatal glyphosate exposure mice. Then we used GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases to analyze the function of the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs. Results LncRNA microarray analysis revealed that 1759 lncRNAs and 759 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the perinatal glyphosate exposure (PGE) mice group (G group) compared with the normal control mice group (C group). The functions of the DEmRNAs are involved in the cellular response to hormone stimulus. The ceRNA analysis showed that some interaction networks existed, including (ENSMUST00000137546, ENSMUST00000160950)/(miR‐34a‐3p, miR‐130a‐3p)/(Il12b, Irf1). Further analysis of the target mRNAs of miRNAs indicated that the possible functions involved the neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction and calcium signaling pathway, which are involved in perinatal glyphosate exposure‐induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion The aberrant expression of lncRNAs is related to the perinatal glyphosate‐exposed neurotoxicity. These lncRNAs affect the target gene expression level, might by regulating neuroactive ligand‐receptor interactions. The (ENSMUST00000137546, ENSMUST00000160950)/ (miRNA‐34a‐5p, miR‐130a‐3p) / mRNAs (e.g., Il12b, Irf1) interaction network may functions in perinatal glyphosate exposure‐induced neurotoxicity.
Efficient Ground Vehicle Path Following in Game AI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This short paper presents an efficient path following solution for ground vehicles tailored to game AI. Our focus is on adapting established techniques to design simple solutions with parameters that are easily tunable for an efficient benchmark path follower. Our solution pays particular attention to computing a target speed which uses quadratic Bézier curves to estimate the path curvature. The performance of the proposed path follower is evaluated through a variety of test scenarios in a first-person shooter game, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness in handling different types of paths and vehicles. We achieved a 70% decrease in the total number of stuck events compared to an existing path following solution.
Benchmarking Recreational Boating Pressure in the Rottnest Island Reserve, Western Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rottnest Island, off Western Australia, is a popular holiday destination with 0.5 million visitors annually, of which 150,000 arrive by private vessel. Management of these vessels is difficult as few data are available on their visitation patterns and associated recreational activities. An observational survey was conducted to provide baseline data. It clearly indicated higher vessel numbers during summer and on public holidays with some mooring areas exceeding 100% occupancy during these periods. Scuba diving and surfing were recorded at numerous locations around the island in the summer and winter months, respectively. Recreational fishing generally occurred throughout the year. The spatial and temporal patterns of boating and associated recreational usage can be used to assess the impact of management decisions and provide a benchmark for long-term monitoring.
Determining the relationship of acute stress, anxiety, and salivary alpha-amylase level with performance of student nurse anesthetists during human-based anesthesia simulator training.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Managing stress for student nurse anesthetists represents a multifaceted educational concern for anesthesia educators. Our purpose was to determine the relationship between physiologic measures of stress and performance of student nurse anesthetists during anesthesia simulator training. Following institutional review board approval, 78 students were enrolled from a nurse anesthesia program. A prospective descriptive design was used to compare baseline, acute, and recovery measurements of stress with performance scores of students during an induction and intubation sequence in a patient simulator. Performance scores were stratified into low-, moderate-, and high-performing groups based on scores received from trained observers. A statistically significant difference in physiologic measures of stress was detected between baseline and acute levels of salivary a-amylase (P = .017), heart rate (P = .003), and anxiety levels (P = .001). No significant differences were found when measures of stress were compared with performance of low, moderate, or high performers. This investigation revealed remarkable findings regarding the relationship between stress and student performance. Analysis of the descriptive statistics and means of each group suggests that low performers have increased stress and perform poorly, whereas high performers have increased stress and perform superbly, and moderate performers have modest stress and perform moderately.
Cypermethrin and Permethrin Ear Stips for Control of Lice on Beef Cattle, 1982

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Experimental cattle were heifer calves of mixed breeds, and originated in eastern WY. Experimental groups of 9 animals each were housed in separate pens at Torrington, WY. Insecticidal ear strips were suspended from standard, identification tags by means of plastic straps. Each strap was placed through a hole near the bottom of the ear tag and through a hole in the end of the ear strip. Cypermethrin 7% or permethrin 10% strips were placed on both ears of the experimental animals. All strips were installed on Nov 25, ‘8’, following pretreatment lice counts. Total numbers of lice were recorded in inspection areas which were one 15-cm hair part on the poll and three 15-cm hair parts on the head, brisket, neck, backline and rumptail head. Viability of lice was determined post treatment by microscopic examination of specimens.
First Report ofAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) in District Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Our article documents the presence of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from urban and rural locations in the lower Himalaya Mountains, northern Pakistan. Larvae were collected from graveyards, junkyards, plant nurseries, parks, and houses. Used tires, bird drinking pots, and water storage containers were the most common containers used by this mosquito. In the absence of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), Ae. albopictus appears to be the primary vector of recent dengue virus outbreaks.
Disease recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the advent of cyclosporine immunosuppression in the late 1970s, liver transplantation became a widespread modality for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. Several metabolic disorders that produce liver injury, such as Wilson's disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, are cured by liver transplantation. However, many other diseases for which transplantation is undertaken may recur in the allograft. As follow-up increases and newer diagnostic modalities become available, those diseases that recur, and their natural histories, are becoming better understood. This new information may lead to a reevaluation of the suitability of some conditions for transplantation. This article briefly reviews disease recurrence in orthotopic liver transplants.
Improving Layman Readability of Clinical Narratives with Unsupervised Synonym Replacement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We report on the development and evaluation of a prototype tool aimed to assist laymen/patients in understanding the content of clinical narratives. The tool relies largely on unsupervised machine learning applied to two large corpora of unlabeled text &ndash; a clinical corpus and a general domain corpus. A joint semantic word-space model is created for the purpose of extracting easier to understand alternatives for words considered difficult to understand by laymen. Two domain experts evaluate the tool and inter-rater agreement is calculated. When having the tool suggest ten alternatives to each difficult word, it suggests acceptable lay words for 55.51% of them. This and future manual evaluation will serve to further improve performance, where also supervised machine learning will be used.
Rethinking intervention: changing the cultures of schooling

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper I will discuss intervention in the culture of schools as part of a range of responses to the concerns expressed, the difficulties caused by and the dissatisfaction and unhappiness experienced by pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. I will discuss such intervention at the levels of staff relations and inter‐agency working. My focus will be on the development of collaborative working cultures for the creation of knowledge within the general systems of activity that constitute schooling. I will open the discussion with a brief introduction to the theoretical framework which both guides and is developed through this work.
Adrenal cortical lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adrenal cortical adenomas occur in about 5% of the population while adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare, but very aggressive, tumour. Most carcinomas are easily diagnosed because they are obviously invasive or metastatic at presentation. However, it is important to identify malignant potential in intra-adrenal tumours. Multifactorial histological approaches have been the most commonly used approach in making the distinction between benign and malignant lesions and the uses and limitations of these will be discussed eg. in the diagnosis of oncocytic tumours. There are now a number of published studies on molecular genetic changes in benign and malignant tumours, and some have suggested that particular changes have prognostic importance in carcinoma. Abnormalities in the β-catenin pathway and overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in carcinomas appear to be important. Adrenocortical hyperplasia has long been recognised as associated with Cushing’s disease (pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome) and ectopic adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) syndrome. It is now recognised that hyperplasia may also be associated with ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome, in which the adrenal expresses aberrant receptors and responds to hormones other than ACTH.
Estrogen Treatment Given to Postrmenopausal Women Affects Their Balance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hammar, M. M.D. Ph.D.; Berg, G. M.D., Ph.D.; Lindgren, M. R.N.; Lindgren, R. M.D., Ph.D.; Moller, C. M.D. Ph.D.; Niklasson, M. M.D. Author Information
China’s Illegal Organ Trade: From Executed Prisoners to Organ Tourism to Falun Gong

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As worldwide populations continue to rise, the constant necessity for life-saving organs for terminally and chronically ill patients has become extremely vital and profitable to medical centers across the globe. Since China’s preliminary debut in the international organ donation and transplantation system in the late 1960s, various scholars, journalists, and health professionals across the globe have demonstrated outright shock at the massive influx and seemingly endless supply of transferable organs emanating from Chinese transplant centers and hospitals. Investigations have shown that China has been actively harvesting organs from recently executed prisoners and incarcerated Falun Gong practitioners. Regardless of numerous outside efforts to cease the practice of harvesting organs from nonconsenting human subjects, China has continued to defy foreign health regulations and codes outlining ethical transplantation methods and has prevailed as one of the leading organ supply centers of the twenty-first century.
Random forests for time-dependent processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Random forests were introduced by Breiman in 2001. We study theoretical aspects of both original Breiman’s random forests and a simplified version, the centred random forests. Under the independent and identically distributed hypothesis, Scornet, Biau and Vert proved the consistency of Breiman’s random forest, while Biau studied the simplified version and obtained a rate of convergence in the sparse case. However, the i.i.d hypothesis is generally not satisfied for example when dealing with time series. We extend the previous results to the case where observations are weakly dependent, more precisely when the sequences are stationary β −mixing.