jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Theorem Proving of Aerospace Systems: Applications and Challenges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Complex software systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in aerospace applications: in particular, to accomplish critical tasks. Ensuring the safety of these systems is crucial, as they can have subtly different behaviors under slight variations in operating conditions. This paper advocates the use of formal verification techniques and in particular theorem proving for hybrid software-intensive systems as a well-founded complementary approach to the classical aerospace verification and validation techniques, such as testing or simulation. As an illustration of these techniques, a novel lateral midair collision-avoidance maneuver is studied in an ideal setting, without accounting for the uncertainties of the physical reality. The challenges that naturally arise when applying such technology to industrial-scale applications is then detailed, and proposals are given on how to address these issues.
Late-onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transthyretin (TTR) Val30Met-associated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP ATTR Val30Met) is the most common form of FAP. We compared the clinicopathological features and natural history of late-onset FAP ATTR Val30Met cases from non-endemic areas of Japan with early-onset cases from endemic foci. The characteristics of early-onset cases from endemic foci of Japan included the presence of sensory dissociation and marked autonomic dysfunction associated with a predominant loss of small-diameter myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. These characteristics were not common in the late-onset cases from non-endemic areas. The distribution and characteristics of amyloid deposits in late-onset cases were similar to those of senile systemic amyloidosis with wild-type TTR deposition. The causal mechanism of differences between the early- and late-onset forms of FAP with the same mutation in the TTR gene has not yet been determined.
Granulopoiesis Associated With the C3HBA Tumor in Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Female C3H/HeJ mice were inoculated with syngeneic breast adenocarcinoma cells (C3HBA). A progressive neutrophilia developed as the tumors grew. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the tumor diameter and the extent of the neutrophilia. Local tumor excision caused a rapid fall (3 days) in the neutrophil count. Media conditioned with tumor cells, normal mouse kidney, and bone marrow of normal or tumor-bearing mice were prepared. Tumor cell-conditioned medium was found to have marked stimulating activity for granulocytic colony formation of mouse bone marrow cells. Sera from tumor-bearing mice also had colony-stimulating activity. This finding strongly suggested that the neutrophilia was caused by the release of a neutrophil-stimulating factor from the tumor.
Vinyl Polymerization (383): Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomer with an Aqueous Solution of Polystyrenesulfonate or Polyvinylphosphonate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In 1962, Kimura, Takitani and Imoto (1) found that an aqueous solution of starch could easily polymerize methyl methacrylate (MMA) and about a half of polymerized MMA grafted on starch. This novel polymerization was called as "uncatalyzed polymerization". Since then, a lot of macromolecule was applied, instead of starch, and many of them were effective to initiate the radical polymerization of MMA. Effective macromolecules were found to be divided into two groups. The macromolecules which belong to Group I are effective only in the presence of some metal ion, particularly Cu(II) ion. The macromolecules of Group II require no metal ion. They are listed in Tables 1 and 2. As can be seen, the effective macromolecules are water-soluble or at least somewhat hydrophilic. Strongly hydrophobic macromolecules and low molecular compounds were always ineffective. The ineffective substances which were tested are listed in Table 3. Table 1. Effective Macromolecular Substances: Group
The Postblack Ethos in “Texts Out of Time”: Rosa Parks and the African American Freedom Struggle in Cultural Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book challenges the cultural memory of the African American Freedom Struggle era that hinges on a master narrative focused on the “heroic period” of the Civil Rights Movement. It argues that this narrative limits the representation of African American identity within the Civil Rights Movement to Martin Luther King's nonviolent protest leadership in the segregated South and casts Malcolm X's advocacy of black nationalism and the ensuing Black Power/Arts Movement as undermining civil rights advances. Through an analysis of five case studies of African American identity staged in plays between 1959 and 1969, the book instead offers representations that engage, critique, and revise racial uplift ideology and reimagine the Black Arts Movement's sometimes proscriptive notions of black authenticity as a condition of black identity and cultural production. It also posits a postblack ethos as the means by which these representations construct their counternarratives to cultural memory and broadens narrow constructions of African American identity shaping racial discourse in the U.S. public sphere of the 1960s.
Paleomagnetism of igneous rocks in the Culpeper, Newark, and Hartford/Deerfield basins

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This chapter reviews paleomagnetic data on igneous rocks in the Culpeper, Newark, and Hartford/Deerfield basins, beginning with the work of DuBois and others (1957) and extending through 1990. Data from published articles is supplemented with unpublished data from theses and individual projects currently in progress.
Absorption of Sound Arising from the Presence of Intact Cells in Blood

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The absorption of sound in blood occurs primarily on a molecular level and is related to the presence of protein in the cells and plasma. However, a small contribution to the total absorption arises simply from the presence of intact cells in the blood. Analysis based on Epstein's theory of scattering shows that the cellular absorption results from a viscous interaction between the fluid and cells when the latter, because of their greater density, fail to follow the oscillatory motion set up by the sound wave.
AN UNUSUAL TYPE OF SIBLING AGGRESSION IN BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sibling aggression varies with brood size, nestling age disparities, and food characteristics. We observed feeding and fighting within two broods of Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in Minnesota. In one nest, on two different days, a senior chick swallowed the head of its smallest sibling, immobilizing it until it seemed near death. Occasional fights also occurred in this nest only. Senior chicks in both nests gained more food than juniors. We discuss possible functions of head-swallows, including how this behavior, as well as fighting and other factors, may have enhanced the feeding advantage of seniors.
Locality‐protected cache allocation scheme with low overhead on GPUs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphics processing units (GPUs) are playing more important roles in parallel computing. Using their multi‐threaded execution model, GPUs can accelerate many parallel programmes and save energy. In contrast to their strong computing power, GPUs have limited on‐chip memory space which is easy to be inadequate. The throughput‐oriented execution model in GPU introduces thousands of hardware threads, which may access the small cache simultaneously. This will cause cache thrashing and contention problems and limit GPU performance. Motivated by these issues, the authors put forward a locality‐protected method based on instruction programme counter (LPC) to make use of data locality in L1 data cache with very low hardware overhead. First, they use a simple Program Counter (PC)‐based locality detector to collect reuse information of each cache line. Then, a hardware‐efficient prioritised cache allocation unit is proposed to coordinate data reuse information with time‐stamp information to predict the reuse possibility of each cache line, and to evict the line with the least reuse possibility. Their experiment on the simulator shows that LPC provides an up to 17.8% speedup and an average of 5.0% improvement over the baseline method with very low overhead.
"See Me, Touch Me, Feel Me": (Im) Proving the Bodily Sense of Masculinity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ultimately, this paper stems from two cultural strands which intersect in one cultural form, self-improvement advertising aimed at men. The first of these is the figure of the "new man," which appeared in the mid-1980s. The novelty lies in the positioning of masculine bodies precisely for the purpose of being seen. The available criticism was not equipped to account for these positionings. The second cultural strand, the proliferation of technologies which alter the body itself, as opposed to its coverings, makes the gap in the criticism more apparent. The two cultural trends intersect most noticeably in the advertisements for the products and procedures aimed at enhancing the bodily sense of masculinity. Product plugs and placements not only reflect societal trends, their entire purpose is to convince consumers that they "need" the good or service portrayed. Thus, the advertisements examined must be considered as an important part of the modern normalizing machinery of power, in general, and especially as it functions to reproduce gender-relations. While this has become a critical commonplace in terms of the impact on the perception and production of femininity, the representations of contemporary men in body enhancement advertisements demonstrate the ways in which idealized masculinities are portrayed and even enforced.
Some Concerns about Deposit Insurance for a Less Regulated Financial System

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Passage of the Garn-St. Germain bill recognized some of the changes that have occurred in the financial system for more than a decade* The bill permitted older institutions to respond more directly to competition from newer financial institutions* Additional changes are likely to occur in the future» either by additional legislation or in its absence* Without a determined --and mistaken effort to prevent these changes by new i legislation, it seems likely that the restrictions in the McFadden Act, the Bank Holding Company Act, Glass-Steagall, and the Saving and Loan Holding Company Act will be modified in the next decade either by legislation or by innovation that circumvents existing laws.
The effect of motor-encoding activities on memory and performance in a grade one reading program

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the effectiveness of motor-encoding activities on \nmemory and performance of students in a Grade One reading program. \nThere were two experiments in the study. Experiment 1 replicated a study by \nEli Saltz and David Dixon (1982). The effect of motoric enactment (Le., pretend \nplay) of sentences on memory for the sentences was investigated. Forty Grade \nOne students performed a "memory-for-sentences" technique, devised by Saltz \nand Dixon. Only the experimental group used motoric enactment of the \nsentences. Although quantitative findings revealed no significant difference \nbetween the mean scores of the experimental group versus the control group, \naspects of the experimental design could have affected the results. It was \nsuggested that Saltz and Dixon's study could be replicated again, with more \nattention given to variables such as population size, nature of the test \nsentences, subjects' previous educational experience and conditions related to \nthe testing environment. \nThe second experiment was an application of Saltz and Dixon's theory that \nmotoric imagery should facilitate memory for sentences. The intent was to \napply this theory to Grade One students' ability to remember words from their \nreading program. An experimental gym program was developed using \nkinesthetic activities to reinforce the skills of the classroom reading program. \nThe same subject group was used in Experiment 2. \nIt was hypothesized that the subjects who experienced the experimental gym \nprogram would show greater signs of progress in reading ability, as evidenced \nby their scores on Form G of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test--Revised. \nThe data from the WRM--R were analyzed with a 3-way split-plot analysis of \nvariance in which group (experimental vs. control) and sex were the between subjects variables and test-time (pre-test vs. post-test) was the within-subjects \nvariable. \nFindings revealed the following: (a) both groups made substantial gains \nover time on the visual-auditory learning sub-test and the triple action of group x \nsex x time also was significant; (b) children in the experimental and control \ngroups performed similarly on both the pre- and post-test of the letter \nidentification test; (c) time was the only significant effect on subjects' \nperformance on the word identification task; (d) work attack scores showed \nmarked improvement in performance over time for both the experimenta+ and \ncontrol groups; (e) passage comprehension scores indicated an improvement \nin performance for both groups over time. \nSimilar to Experiment 1, it is suggested that several modifications in the \nexperimental design could produce significant results. These factors are \naddressed with suggestions for further research in the area of active learning; \nmore specifically, the effect of motor-encoding activities on memory and \nacademic performance of children.
A Low Mutual Coupling Circle Microstrip Array Antenna for 5.8 GHz Band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to effectively suppress the influence of mutual coupling between array elements on antenna radiation performance, a novel dual-circle microstrip patch array antenna with low mutual coupling and low correlation is proposed. Two deformed E-shaped electromagnetic bang gap (EBG) structures are symmetrically inserted between two circular antenna elements, which could suppress the surface waves propagation to reduce the mutual coupling through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. In addition, several arc-shaped gap defected ground structures (DGS) are symmetrically etched on the ground plane to curb the ground coupling current, thus, the mutual coupling is further decreased. The shortest distance between the two circular antenna elements is only 0.19λ where λ is the wavelength at the working frequency of 5.8 GHz. Both the simulated and experimental results indicate that the mutual coupling of less than -40 dB and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value of less than 0.001 can be achieved by the proposed decoupling antenna within its operating bandwidth, to make the good decoupling effect under the premise of small antenna size and stable radiation performance.
Use of XML in transducer electronic data sheets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transducers, both sensors and actuators, have traditionally been, and for the most part still are, analog devices. In recent years a number of digital devices have been introduced with digital outputs where the market could support the additional cost. Digitization and communication through a bus, as opposed to individual analog connections, introduced the term "smart sensors". The IEEE p1451.3 standard attempts to define a minimum level of intelligence which includes self describing TEDS (Transducers Electronic Data Sheets) besides digitization and addition of a bus. TEDS are designed to be stored in the sensor itself. Since many sensors are very small we have limited memory. Use of XML and Binary XML proved to be the most practical way of describing datasheets for IEEE p1451.3.
Evaluating popcorn as potential refuge for European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and corn rootworm beetles (Diabrotica spp)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Popcorn was evaluated in two three-year studies for its potential as a refuge for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in two three-year studies. Objectives of these studies were to determine if more larvae were produced in popcorn than in field corn and to determine how popcorn influenced female oviposition and larval distribution within neighboring field corn. Two varieties of popcorn (Ml 40, 105d and M3374Y, 118d), one mixture of popcorn (50% 105d and 50% 118d), and field corn (DK580, 108d) were evaluated. Significantly higher densities of O. nubilalis larvae were found in popcorn than field corn. Moth oviposition and larval distribution were evaluated using 105d popcorn embedded in several cornfields across Iowa. Significantly more egg masses and larvae were found in the popcorn compared with field corn. One or two rows of field corn adjacent to popcorn tended to have higher numbers of egg masses and larvae compared with background field corn. Number of eggs per egg mass was significantly higher in popcorn than field corn. These data suggests more O. nubilalis are produced in popcorn than field corn.
Pathology of Edwardsiella tarda infection in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens infecting both cultured and wild fish species. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic characterization and pathogenicity of E. tarda isolated from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) with dropsy and histopathological alterations. The causative agent was identified with Vitek 2, and its pathogenicity was determined by intramuscular injection. The challenged catfish exhibited vertical hanging, frothing, excess mucus production, listing, swollen abdomen, anorexia, fin and tail rot, and reddish operculum. The LD 50 of E. tarda PBB and PBP strains was found to be 8.52 × 10 6 and 1.68 × 10 7 cells fish -1 , respectively. Histopathological observations on catfish infected naturally revealed lymphocyte infiltration in muscle and focal necrosis, hyperplasia, edema, and swelling of the gill lamellar epithelium. The kidney of diseased fish exhibited ischemic type tubulopathy, necrosis of nephritic tubules, hyperplastic hematopoietic tissue, rupture of the tubular basement membrane, hydropic dystrophy of nephritic cells, neutrophil infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis of nephretic tubules, hemosiderin deposition, and edema. The liver sections revealed lymphocyte infiltration, dilation of hepatic sinusoids, expansion of space between hepatic sinusoids, and focal necrosis. The inflammatory responses observed in kidney and liver in the present study were presumably suppuration and were attributed to the potential virulence factors of E. tarda.
Pembelajaran Literasi Saintifik untuk Pendidikan Dasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research constructs a learning design to guide primary students on achieving scientific literacy. The approach used is a mixed-method sequential exploratory model. This result shows that the validity and reliability of this design in general on the category can be used. The implementation of 35 students in Kabupaten Kudus revealed that this design could be applied by the teacher and could be responded to by students during learning.
Immunohistochemical analysis of bcl-2 and p53 protein in breast carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We analyzed the expression of bcl-2 and p53 in relation to clinicopathological features and estrogen receptor (ER) status in breast carcinomas from a series of 67 women who were treated surgically. Fifty and 23 cases showed positive immunostaining for bcl-2 and p53 protein, respectively. Thirty-five cases were ER-positive. A positive relationship was observed between bcl-2 and ER (p<0.05). Furthermore, an inverse relationship was observed between bcl-2 and p53 (p<0.01), which suggests that overexpression of p53 may down-regulate bcl-2 expression in breast carcinoma tissue, as has been described in a breast carcinoma cell line.
Osteochondroma of the spine: an enigmatic tumor of the spinal cord. A series of 10 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteochondromas of the spine are not as rare as reported in the literature. In a young patient of compressive myelopathy this possibility should be considered. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and CT myelogram are useful in evaluating the size and extent of the lesion for subsequent surgical planning.
Energy price indices and discount factors for life-cycle cost analysis :

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This is the 2021 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from the publication date to the publication of the 2022 edition. This publication supports the federal life-cycle costing methodology described in 10 CFR 436A and OMB Circular A-94 by updating the energy price projections and discount factors that are described, explained, and illustrated in NIST Handbook 135 (HB 135, Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program.)
Indium(III) Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyl Azides and Indoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Indium trichloride catalyzes the reaction of vinyl azides with unfunctionalized indoles to give vinyl indoles. This is the first example of displacement of the azide group by a carbon nucleophile while preserving the vinyl function. The protocol employs very mild reaction conditions and offers excellent yields of diverse 3-vinyl indoles. It is amenable to gram scale. Access to a library of 3,3'-bis(indolyl)methanes through condensation of vinyl azides with 2 equiv of an indole is demonstrated.
Evaluation of the Roche MagNA Pure 96 nucleic acid extraction platform for the SPF10 line probe assay system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the MagNA Pure 96 (MP96) nucleic acid extraction system as an alternative for cervical specimen processing for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping detection by reverse hybridization line probe assay (LiPA-25), compared to the well-established extraction system MagNA Pure LC 2.0 (MPLC). Methods and results A total of 200 cervical samples preserved in ThinPrepCyt® solution were extracted by MP96 and MPLC, respectively, and then purified nucleic acids were amplified using the SPF10 PCR primer set. Amplification products were subjected to SPF10-DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) and LiPA-25. The concordance between different extraction methods in this study was reflected in the comparison of the results of the DEIA and LiPA-25. Agreement of HPV-positive results (DEIA) was 97.5% (Kappa = 0.932). Pair-wise analyses of either HPV grouping (any HPV genotypes, any high-risk HPV genotypes, any low-risk HPV genotypes, any nonavalent vaccine-targeted HPV, and any non-vaccine-targeted oncogenic HPV genotypes) identified &gt;95% agreement (all Kappa &gt; 0.900). For the two extraction methods, there was no statistical difference (chi-square test: P = 0.690) for single versus multiple genotypes, and concordant, compatible, and discordant genotypes were observed in 87.0%, 9.5%, and 3.5% of 200 samples, respectively. Conclusion HPV genotyping results of the MPLC system and the MP96 system showed a high degree of concordance. Combined with the advantages of high-throughput and anti-contamination of MP96, the MP96 extraction system could be more suitable for the testing of samples in future studies.