jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IL-17 Inversely Correlated with IL-10 via the STAT3 Gene in Pneumocystis-Infected Mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background . Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a common opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Current studies showed that multiple immune cells and cytokines took part in the host defense against Pneumocystis (PC). However, the roles of IL-17 and IL-10 in the development of PCP have not been elucidated. Methods . IL-10 and IL-17 levels in serum from PCP mice were detected via ELISA. The percentages of B10 cells, IL-10 + macrophages, and IL-10 + T cells in the lung from IL-17–/– PCP mice and Th17 cells and IL-17 + γδ T cells in IL-10–/– PCP mice were examined via flow cytometry. Also, antibody neutralization examination was also performed to elucidate the relationship of IL-17 and IL-10 in the PCP model. Results . We noted the increase of IL-17 and IL-10 levels in serum from mice infected with Pneumocystis . Furthermore, deficiency of IL-17 or IL-10 could lead to the delayed clearance of Pneumocystis and more severed lung damage. Our data also demonstrated that IL-17 deficiency enhanced the serum IL-10 level and the percentages of B10 cells, IL-10 + macrophages, and IL-10 + T cells in the lung from PCP mice. Interestingly, we also noted an increase of the IL-17 level in serum and Th17 cell and IL-17 + γδ T cell percentages in the lung from IL-10–/– PCP mice. Using antibody neutralization experiments, we found that the STAT3 gene might play a critical role in the interplay of IL-17 and IL-10 in PCP. Conclusion . Taken together, our results demonstrated that IL-17 and IL-10 could play the protective roles in the progression of PCP and the inverse correlation of them might be mediated by STAT3.
Sequelae of Thorotrast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidemic CollapseSIR,-Referring to the mysterious illness among pupils at a girls' school reported in the B.M.7.for 16 October (p.950) the fact that laboratory investigations so far have proved negative prompts me to relate an incident with which I was concerned at a mixed secondary modern school some years ago.I was called to this school one morning by the head teacher as a number of pupils had been taken ill.When I arrived I found that some of the children had already been sent home not feeling well.Others were lying in classrooms and corridors exhibiting various stages of " collapse."Among those I examined some had
HEMATOLOGI PERBANDINGAN HEWAN VERTEBRATA: LELE (Clarias batracus), KATAK (Rana sp.), KADAL (Eutropis multifasciata), MERPATI (Columba livia) DAN MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTHematology studies between Vertebrate classes can provide supporting data related to animal activities and adaptation to their habitat. Low Vertebrate ektoterm showed different hemotological profil than endoderm Vertebrate. The aims of this study is to compare hematological profile between Vertebrate which includes five classes animal taxon. Animal species was taken randomly, considered to represent the five classes taxon: Clarias batracus from Class Pisces, Rana sp. from Class Amphibia, Eutropis multifasciata from Class Reptilia, Columba livia from Class Aves and Mus musculus from Class Mammalia. Hematology parameters were observed was hemoglobins, HCT, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, leukocyte differential, MCV, MCH and MCHC. The result showed Vertebrate from Class Pisces (catfish), amphibian (frogs) and reptiles (lizards) had hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes higher than Aves and Mammals. Leucocytes count in Class Pisces, Amphibians, Reptiles and Aves range 12.000-19.000 cells/mL higher than mammal leukocyte 5000 cells/mL. Differential leukocyte in catfish, frogs, lizards, pigeons and mice have the highest percentage of lymphocytes (37-62%). Keywords: catfish, frog, hematology, lizard, mice, pigeon, vertebrate ABSTRAKStudi hematologi hewan kelas Vertebrata dapat memberikan data pendukung terkait aktivitas hewan dan adaptasi terhadap habitatnya. Hewan Vertebrata tingkat rendah yang ektoterm mempunyai profil hematologi yang berbeda dengan Vertebrata tinggi yang sebagian besar endoterm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan profil hematologi antar hewan Vertebrata yang meliputi lima kelas hewan takson. Hewan sampel diambil secara acak dari populasi hewan yang mewakili lima kelas takson: Clarias batracus dari kelas Pisces, Rana sp. dari kelas Amfibi, Eutropis multifasciata dari kelas Reptil, Columba livia dari kelas Aves dan Mus musculus dari kelas Mammalia. Parameter hematologi yang diamati adalah hemoglobin, hematokrit, jumlah eritrosit, jumlah leukosit, leukosit diferensial, MCV, MCH dan MCHC. Hasil pengukuran hematologi menunjukkan Vertebrata dari kelas Pisces (lele), Amfibi (katak) dan Reptil (kadal) memiliki hemoglobin, hematokrit, eritrosit lebih tinggi dari pada Aves dan Mamalia. Jumlah leukosit di kelas Pisces, Amfibi, Reptil, dan Aves berkisar 12.000-19.000 sel/mL lebih tinggi dari leukosit mamalia yakni 5000 sel/mL. Pengamatan leukosit diferensial pada ikan lele, katak, kadal, merpati, dan tikus menunjukkan persentase limfosit tertinggi (37-62%) dibanding jenis leukosit lain. Kata kunci: ikan lele, katak, hematologi, kadal, mencit, merpati, vertebrata
The Somatostatin-28(1−12)-NPAMAP Sequence:  An Essential Helical-Promoting Motif Governing Prosomatostatin Processing at Mono- and Dibasic Sites

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proline residues, known to have special structural properties, induce particular conformations which participate in some biological functions. Two prolines (Pro(-9), Pro(-5)) located near the processing sites (Arg(-15) and Arg(-2)Lys(-)(1)) of human prosomatostatin were previously shown to be important for cleavage of the precursor into somatostatin-28 (S-28) and somatostatin-14 (S-14) [Gomez et al. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 2911-2916]. In this study, the importance of the pentapeptide P-A-M-A-P sequence (P-(X)(3)-P pattern), located in the S-28(1-12) segment connecting the mono- and dibasic cleavage sites, was investigated by using site-directed mutagenesis. Analysis of prosomatostatin-derived peptides produced by expression of mutated cDNA species in Neuro2A cells indicated that (i) deletion of PAMAP decreased S-14 production, (ii) deletion of the two Pro residues almost abolished the cleavage at the dibasic site, and (iii) Pro displacement generating the AMAPP motif resulted in a decrease of S-28 production. Moreover, both theoretical and spectroscopic studies of synthetic peptides reproducing the S-28(1-12) sequence bearing critical mutations showed that this sequence can organize as an alpha helical structure. These observations demonstrate that NPAMAP constitutes an accurate alpha-helix nucleation motif allowing for the generation of equal amounts of S-28 and S-14 from their common precursor in Neuro2A cells. Moreover, they emphasize the importance of the S-28(1-12) segment joining Arg(-15) and Arg(-2)Lys(-1) cleavage sites whose conformational organization is essential for controlling their accessibility to the appropriate processing proteases.
Development of Blockchain-Based Digital Signature Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As technology develops, the Internet of Things (IOT) becomes a topic that is being mentioned over and over again. Many things can be done online. One of them is document signing activity. A company named “XYZ” wanted to build a prototype application using a framework that can build and develop a multiplatform app that can be used to sign a document and secure it with digital certificates, and the transaction activity is recorded and can be verified through a blockchain system. This study aims to find out how to apply blockchain system in a series of digital signing activities, how are the concept and how to verify a transaction that already recorded in a blockchain system, and also how to make a prototype that easy to develop further for other platforms. In the end, the application can be made easily using Expo, Node.Js, and the process for recording and verifying transactions can be done easily with the help of Hyperledger Iroha.
On the Retrospective Effect of Economic Conditions in Congressional Elections: A Simultaneous Equation Model Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, a simultaneous equation model is employed to investigate the relative effects of: (1) economic conditions, (2) incumbency, and (3) recognition of the presidential party's candidate on the dual decisions of the individuals to participate and vote in congressional elections. My finding is decidedly negative regarding the effect of economic conditions on both turnout and voting for the presidential party. I have, however, established the relative effects of both incumbency and recognition.
Forests and current transitions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter covers the key research trends of critical agrarian studies, agrarian political economy, and related fields, such as forest policy and deforestation studies, on forests and their transformations. Research on forest transitions is divided into two broad categories, deforestation and expansion of tree plantations, which have been mostly distinct areas of interest, but are now converging for various reasons, which the chapter opens up. Currently unfolding forest transitions are historicized. The chapter suggests that critical agrarian studies should continue to expose the drivers behind forest transitions and develop peasant-based alternatives, but also renew itself by incorporating less anthropocentric frameworks.
D-ALGEBRAS, THE D-SIMPLEX EQUATIONS, AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRABILITY

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Recently R . Lawrence has introduced axioms for a category of d-algebras , i.e. algebras with d-ary operations . The natural associativities are defined from geometrical considerations of moves in simplex partitions . We study these algebras in connection with the tetrahedron and higher simplex equations that were proposed by Zamolodchikov and descendants a decade ago. These are the natural generalizations of the quantum Yang-Baxter equations . We discuss the connection of these algebras with the issue of integrability in multi-dimensions.
Supplementary Figure S5 from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure S5: IFN-γ production in plasma: MC38 tumor-bearing mice were treated with the indicated doses of mXT301 or unmasked control. Plasma IFN-γ concentration was measured by MSD assay at indicated time points. The data represent mean ± SEM, N = 3 to 5 mice per group, and IFN-γ level was assessed by a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc pairwise comparison test compared to vehicle (PBS) treated animals (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ****p < 0.0001)</p>
An Interactive Dashboard for Visualizing the Provenance of Software Development Processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software development is a complex process involving many people and development tools and their interactions; during development, a lot of data such as source code, documents, or software artifacts and information such as issues, discussions, or code analyses are generated or modified.In addition to the analysis and visualization of software systems, it is useful to analyze the software development process to obtain better information about the quality, reliability, and trustworthiness of the software.To gain insights and knowledge about software development processes, we extract the provenance of development processes, especially from version control systems for Git-based software projects, and visualize the provenance information using graph visualization, metrics representation, and development timelines; including an integration of these methods into a webbased dashboard.With the help of visual provenance representations, project managers can gain an overview and insights into development progress, effects of process changes, and interactions among developers and with external contributors, which we exemplify with a case study of a software with high social relevance.
Metabolome analysis using cerebrospinal fluid from narcolepsy type 1 patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a hypersomnia characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Inappropriate regulation of fatty acid metabolism has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of NT1, but the detailed mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we performed a metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid samples from 14 NT1 and 17 control subjects using a novel capillary electrophoresis coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. A total of 268 metabolites were identified and the amount of histidine was the most significantly increased in NT1 patients (p = 4.0 × 10–4). Validation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) including independent replication samples also identified the association of histidine (p = 2.02 × 10–3). Further, levels of histamine, which is synthesized from histidine, were also examined using HPLC and were found to be significantly decreased in NT1 patients (p = 6.12 × 10–4). Pathway analysis with nominally significant metabolites identified several pathways related to the metabolism of glycogenic amino acids, suggesting that glycogenesis is enhanced in NT1 as a compensatory mechanism for fatty acid metabolism. We performed further exploratory analysis, searching for metabolites associated with sleep variables from polysomnography and the multiple sleep latency test. As a result, 5′-deoxy-5′-methylthioadenosine showed a significant association with apnea–hypopnea index (p = 2.66 ×10–6). Moreover, gamma aminobutyric acid displayed a negative correlation with rapid eye movement sleep latency (REML), and thus might represent an intriguing target for future studies to elucidate how the controlling circuit of REM sleep is associated with abnormally short REML in NT1.
Knowledge and Practice of Orthodontists Regarding Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Course in Kurdistan Region-Iraq: A Cross Sectional Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: White spot lesions (WSL) are considered the most frequent complication during fixed orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice levels of orthodontic professionals regarding the prevention and treatment of WSL in the Kurdistan region-Iraq. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a validated self–administered questionnaire among orthodontic professionals and dentists practicing orthodontics. The questionnaire included ten questions about the knowledge and nine for the practice with regard to the prevention and treatment of WSL. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney test. Results: Sixty orthodontists and dentists practicing orthodontics participated in the study. Most participants (78.3%) had intermediate knowledge, and 66.7% recorded high practice scores. The knowledge and practice scores in female orthodontists and participants with postgraduate orthodontics degrees were significantly higher than in male orthodontists and those without a postgraduate degree (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Participants exhibited good knowledge and experience and good practice in the prevention and treatment of WSL. It is recommended to have special practice guidelines for the prevention of WSL.
Peer talk in the classroom : learning from research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Peer Talk in the Classroom: Learning from Research will help teachers and researchers uncover the connections between what is known about language and literacy acquisition and how teachers can create conditions for peer talk in a variety of settings. This collection of essays from both classroom teachers and university professors sets itself apart from most texts because it describes the research underlying the instructional practice and explains how the practice was planned, implemented, and evaluated in a classroom setting.
Interstitial Lung Disease in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a multiauthored series on a wide variety of lung diseases that affect children. Almost all of the authors are well known in the field of pediatric pulmonology. Unfortunately, the book's chapters are poorly integrated and reflect the multiple writing styles of the authors. Many of the topics are handled superficially. Another problem is that considerable attention is given to the discussion of obstructive airway diseases when the focus of the book is on restrictive lung diseases. Little or no attention is given to the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease or the epidemiologic aspects of restrictive lung disease. In general, the discussions of theory are also limited. The series would have been improved if the publication was limited to one volume that focused on interstitial lung diseases, including natural history, treatment, and unanswered research questions. It would have also been strengthened if the chapters had been better integrated. The
Classifying “Micro” Routine Activities of Street-level Drug Transactions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives: Routine activities theory attempts to link the intersection of individuals’ everyday routine activities to crime events at particular places. This study examines crime events not just as the product of intersecting macroroutine activities but also microroutines (similar to crime “scripts”) that occur immediately before, during, and after a crime event occurs. Method: Closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage was accessed through Baltimore City Police Department from 2010 to 2011. Ethnographic techniques and systematic social observation of CCTV footage were used to categorize the microroutines of 74 street-level illicit drug transactions. Results: The findings illuminate eight microroutines of drug crime events that classify behaviors associated with illicit drug activity. Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of the link between routine activities and drug crime by examining how illicit transactions unfold from microroutines using a rarely employed, but fruitful source of data (CCTV footage).
TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOMA OF THE SKIN IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD BY ROENTGEN IRRADIATION AND RADIUM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A group of 323 cases of hemangioma of the skin were studied and follow-up results are given. The majority were of the cavernous and strawberry types. The classifications given are according to the relative sensitivity to irradiation. Various groups are separated depending on the type of treatment used. The sites of predilection are the head and face. Complications are not frequent if treatment is given carefully.
Cryptocurrency price analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With crypocurrencies' booming popularity in recent years, people from all walks of life are now more aware of them and are investing in it. It resembles the DotCom boom in the early 2000s, with its own dramatic rise and fall in December 2017. The project starts by understanding the reasons for stronger correlation between Bitcoin and the major altcoins, followed by attempting to predict the price of Bitcoin through sentiment analysis solely on news articles. This is done using web crawling of news articles and data stripping to allow for sentiment analysis. The web crawling process was repeated at hourly intervals for a period of eight weeks. Thereafter, a lag analysis was performed and the results showed that a two-day lag had the highest correlation to the price of BTC at 0.60991. Knowing the optimal lag to execute trade was detrimental for testing our prediction because the higher the correlation, the closer the sentiment score follows the price of Bitcoin. This will improve our prediction which will yield a higher pro t. Lastly, a three-week long simulated trade test was conducted to see how much pro t an investor would yield based on the decisions made by the prediction algorithm. This simulation was extended to two other strategies, Random Investment and CoinPredictor.io. CoinPredictor.io is a third-party online service that provides cryptocurrencies price prediction. The results showed that while our prediction did not yield the highest pro t amongst the three strategies, it is still possible to use the sentiment of news articles for price prediction only if more news sources are added and a longer data collecting period is implemented.
Variation of male‐biased maternal investment in fallow deer (Dama dama)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study 529 fallow deer fawns were captured and weighed at Doñana National Park, Spain. An annual index of male‐biased maternal investment (MBMI) was calculated, and this index was found to vary in relation to environmental factors. Thus, the level of MBMI was sensitive to fluctuations of autumn rainfall and the male‐biased maternal investment carried out by mothers in the previous year (MBMI P ). Our results reveal that those factors related to the female's body condition at the beginning of gestation have a high contribution to the variation of differential pre‐natal maternal investment. It has been hypothesized by other authors that male‐biased maternal investment is limited by the level of total maternal expenditure and these authors classified the fallow deer as a species near to its maximum reproductive effort, in which no sex‐biased maternal investment exists. Our study reveals that male‐biased maternal investment in fallow deer does exist and supports the hypothesis that sensitivity of maternal investment to environmental conditions could be expected to occur in species with high reproductive effort and sex‐biased maternal investment.
Exercise training maintains normal HPA feedback and prevents hypercortisolemia in the ZDF rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats develop type 2 diabetes (T2D), resulting in elevations in circulating corticosterone (CORT) concomitantly with the onset of hyperglycaemia. We hypothesize that prolonged training results in increased negative feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, thus maintaining normal CORT values. At 5 wks of age, rats were assigned to either: basal (B), exercise (E), or sedentary (S) groups. E was given free access to running wheels for 10 wks. Plasma CORT and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test values were collected prior to sacrifice at age 6 wks in B, and 16 wks in S and E. Food consumption and weight gain were similar among S and E, despite E running 4‐7 km/day. S demonstrated a T2D phenotype by 12 wks of age (fasting glycemia >11 mM), while E had fasting glucose levels comparable to B (both groups <6 mM). S also expressed higher plasma CORT values compared to E (129.9±43.7 vs. 33.3±7.3 ng/ml, p<0.05) or B (25.6±5.9, p<0.05). S had lower hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression than E (0.64±0.11 vs. 1.11±0.06, p<0.05) and B (1.00±0.09, p<0.05). GR expression in the pituitary gland was not different between groups. This data suggests that exercise training may prevent the hypercorticosteronemia and hyperglycemia associated with sedentary behaviour, likely through maintained protein expression of hippocampal GR. This study was funded by CIHR and NSERC.
Predicting Postoperative Complications and Long-Term Survival After Lung Cancer Surgery Using Eurolung Risk Score

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stratification based on the parsimonious Eurolung scoring system showed good discriminatory ability for predicting postoperative morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival in South Korean patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. This might help clinicians to provide a detailed prognosis and decide the appropriate treatment option for high-risk patients with non-small cell lung cancer.