jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Various Intelligence Scales Utilised in Paediatric Population: An Overview

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Due to the imperfect development of the brain and the varied biological, environmental, and experiential elements that arise during childhood and adolescence, paediatric neuropsychology differs from adult neuropsychology. According to current theories, certain brain regions have a reciprocal effect on various neuro functioning systems, which, in turn, affects the child’s ability to think and perceive. The interaction of functioning systems most likely affects the child’s behavioural, psychological, and cognitive manifestation of a childhood condition. These days, parents worry about their children doing well in school. A variety of intelligence scores are utilised to evaluate children’s cognitive abilities. Intelligence research is important since it sheds light on the individual’s qualities, shortcomings, and special talents. Currently, a large number of standardised tests are used since intelligence is seen as a measurable commodity. When diagnosing dyslexia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and other problems in the paediatric population, intelligence scales play a critical role. It is vital to recognise that every exam has a unique set of constraints. This paper explores the benefits and drawbacks of the currently utilised intelligence measures while offering an overview of each. The goal of this evaluation is to make it easier to analyse different intelligence measures and decide which ones are applicable for what circumstances and needs.
Upgrades to the photoinjector and ICS interaction point chamber of the CXLS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Details and design challenges of the photoinjector and interaction point chamber for the Compact X-Ray Light Source (CXLS) at Arizona State University are described. The CXLS uses Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) to produce X-ray photons with energies in the range of 6-20 keV. The electron beam energy required to produce hard X-rays is reduced since the wavelength of the laser is quite short compared to that of a magnetic undulator. This unique aspect allows the accelerator vault of the CXLS to be much smaller than those in traditional facilities. This extremely compact size leads to much smaller costs and shorter timelines compared to large facilities. We review CXLS design elements and then describe operations experience and equipment upgrades with a focus on the photoinjector laser and the ICS interaction point chamber and their associated controls and beam diagnostics.
Mathematical Relations Between Three Pitch Theories and Generalization of Linear Pitch Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

人間が複合音の音高をいかにして知覚するかという問題は, 聴覚理論の中で現在なお解決されていない重要な問題である. 現時点で最も有力とされている音高知覚理論には次の3つがある. Wightman（1973）の「パターン変換理論」, Goldstein（1973）の「最適処理理論」, およびTerhardt（1974）の「虚音高理論」がそれである. 本論文において, これら3つの音高知覚理論の数学的関連づけを行い, さらにTerhardtのモデルを発展させた「一般化線形音高知覚モデル」を考え, そのモデルの中心となる「テンプレート関数」の音高実験データからの決定法を議論する. de Boer（1977）はGoldsteinのモデルを出発点として他のモデルとの関連づけを行ったが, 本論文ではTerhardtのモデルを一般化し変形することでモデル間の関係をより明解に示すことができた. その結果, WightmanのモデルとTerhardtのモデルとは数学的には全く同じ線形モデルで, ただモデルパラメータが異なるにすぎないことがわかった. 従って一般化したTerhardtのモデルを用いれば, この2つの線形変換モデルを個別に扱う必要はない. これに対してGoldsteinのモデルは統計的最尤推定法を用いた非線形変換モデルで, 他の2つの線形変換モデルとは本質的に異なっている. このモデルは最適推定音高値付近では線形変換モデルとほぼ似かよった音高予測を示すがこれからはずれると予測が大きく異なる. これはGoldsteinのモデルにのみ連続倍音次数の制約が付加されているためである. Goldsteinのモデルは音高実験データに基づいたモデルパラメータにより作られているために定量的な予測が可能であるのに対して, 2つの線形モデルは定量的な予測に弱い. これはモデルの中に聴覚末梢系におけるスペクトル情報パターンという観測不可能な量が存在しており, これを一意的に定めることができないためである. 従って, モデルより末梢のスペクトル情報パターンを排した新しい「一般化線形音高知覚モデル」を考案した. この新しい線形モデルの中心となる「テンプレート関数」は, 従来の音高実験データより推定することができる.
Structural adaptation of tooth enamel protein amelogenin in the presence of SDS micelles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Amelogenin, the major extracellular matrix protein of developing tooth enamel is intrinsically disordered. Through its interaction with other proteins and mineral, amelogenin assists enamel biomineralization by controlling the formation of highly organized enamel crystal arrays. We used circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy to investigate the folding propensity of recombinant porcine amelogenin rP172 following its interaction with SDS, at levels above critical micelle concentration. The rP172‐SDS complex formation was confirmed by DLS, while an increase in the structure moiety of rP172 was noted through CD and fluorescence experiments. Fluorescence quenching analyses performed on several rP172 mutants where all but one Trp was replaced by Tyr at different sequence regions confirmed that the interaction of amelogenin with SDS micelles occurs via the N‐terminal region close to Trp25 where helical segments can be detected by NMR. NMR spectroscopy and structural refinement calculations using CS‐Rosetta modeling confirm that the highly conserved N‐terminal domain is prone to form helical structure when bound to SDS micelles. Our findings reported here reveal interactions leading to significant changes in the secondary structure of rP172 upon treatment with SDS. These interactions may reflect the physiological relevance of the flexible nature of amelogenin and its sequence specific helical propensity that might enable it to structurally adapt with charged and potential targets such as cell surface, mineral, and other proteins during enamel biomineralization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 525–535, 2014.
The Current Situation, Problems and Improvement Measures of Food Waste in China's Catering Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food waste has become a very serious global problem that urgently requires the global attention and improvement. The promulgation of the Anti-Food Waste Law had a great impact on the China's catering industry, however,there are still many problems that need to be solved. Due to the advancement of information technology, online ordering services are gradually emerging, and the consumer online ordering behavior towards restaurants is increasing, leading to an increase in the degree of food waste in the catering industry. Due to many factors that affect food waste and some of them, such as personal consumer norms, it is difficult to change and limit the personal food waste behavior because it is controlled by subjective thoughts. This study proposes targeted suggestions based on not only the current situation but also the influencing factors in the Chinese catering industry, hoping to provide new ideas and ways to improve this situation.
Refining Heavy Neutral Oil Paraffin by Catalytic Hydrotreatment over Ni−W/Al2O3Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Four sulfided Ni−W/Al2O3 catalysts were tested in the hydrotreatment of microcrystalline raw paraffin from the dewaxing of heavy neutral oil to obtain high grade paraffin wax. The influence of both reaction conditions (temperature, hydrogen pressure, and space velocity) and catalyst characteristics (tungsten content and porosity) on the properties of the treated paraffins was studied. A similar influence of the operating variables was found for the four catalysts studied. In general, temperatures well above 300 °C are needed to obtain transparent and colorless paraffins (Saybolt color >+30); however, rising temperature results in a higher oil content due to cracking reactions. The reaction temperature required to achieve acceptable color values can be reduced by increasing hydrogen pressure, which also reduces paraffin cracking. The rise in the tungsten load of the catalysts from 16.2 to 24.2% (w, WO3 basis) results in higher Saybolt color values, although a simultaneous increase in the extent of cracking reactions takes place and a pressure above 140 kg/cm2 is required to reduce oil generation. The enhancement in the performance of the catalyst can also be successfully accomplished by increasing simultaneously the porosity and tungsten load of the catalyst, which enables operation at milder conditions of pressure and temperature (40 kg/cm2, 310 °C) while maintaining acceptable Saybolt color and a low content of oil and carbonizable substances.
Metalanguage in Carroll's "Jabberwocky" and Biggs's reRead

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In her article "Metalanguage in Carroll's 'Jabberwocky' and Biggs's reRead" Asunción López-Varela discusses Simon Biggs's installation reRead in relation to Lewis Carroll's poem. López-Varela posits that both works draw attention to the functioning of self-reflexive semiotic mechanisms present in human discourse and gestures. Based on the examples of the poem and the installation, López-Varela discusses how the human mind creates narratological coherence out of random and recursive patterns and argues that it does so by including other media which enable formats beyond the textual and the iconic. Further, López-Varela discusses how we are pre-disposed to process any semiotic exchange in terms of spatiotemporal sequences and interpret signs with the help of prior knowledge gathered from intersubjective experiences.
Mimesis and Play: Generating Creativity in Visual Art Education through Pictorial Mind Mapping

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This case study compares a selection of visual and oral representations that 15-16 year-old students produced through pictorial mind mapping and the appropriation of video game imagery to generate ideas for visual artwork. It presents the arguments for studying multimodal texts as part of a visual art curriculum and then provides an overview of one such program. The analysis of a group interview along with examples of the students' work will highlight the relationship between knowledge of pictorial maps developed through formal study and knowledge of computer games gained outside the classroom. Judith Butler's notion of performativity is used alongside a multimodal theory of sign making to argue that the way students interpret and produce visual texts is socially motivated, interactive and aimed at self representation within their peer groups. The students' preference for digital image resources can be interpreted as a shift from mimetic to interactive learning styles in visual arts education, whereby observational drawing studies of actual objects as inspiration and tool for generating ideas were largely replaced by graphic, animated and interactive images, which students appropriated from video games. The students' artworks demonstrated that integrating the semiotics of maps and video games increased the level of each student's engagement. This mixed method provided a broad spectrum of devices through which students could condense, reshape and take ownership of visual texts to gain control and construct meaning from media-derived images as a form of self-articulation. Following on from Judith Butler's concept of performativity, it was apparent that by appropriating computer graphics, combined with pictorial mapping practices, students adopted selected narratives from video games as a platform for self representation. The conclusion highlights the suitability of visual texts to condense and contextualise information and examines implications for visual and mental mapping conventions in the classroom, particularly with regard to program design for teenage students.
Enquête éco-pathologique continue: facteurs de risque des mammites de la vache laitière I. Analyses multidimensionnelles sur données d'élevage.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An epidemiological study about mastitis in French dairy herds, supported by an ecopathological survey is described.The aim of this work was to explain variations of the annual frequencies of clinical mastitis in the farms studied and of milk somatic cell counts as predictive of the infectious status of the mammary gland. Milk cell counts were expressed as annual percentages of cell results < 2.10(5) cells / mL (0.2 CEL) and > 1.10(6) cells / mL (1.0 CEL) in each herd.Twenty-nine herds were studied from June 1979 to July 1981 (22 to 92 cows per herd, Normande and Pie-Noire breeds) and, for the first time, the influence of 88 variables upon clinical mastitis, 0.2 CEL and 1.0 CEL was performed by multidimensional methods.These analyses led to the evidence of two kinds of factors linked with mastitis occurrences or milk cell-counts:1) Not well defined factors: geoclimatic, racial, links between production traits, extra-mammary pathology, susceptibility to mastitis and cells-counts; to elucidate if they were factors really linked with mammary infections, a complementary analysis is described as necessary (cf. second part of this study).2) Risk or protective factors, which appeared as: - absence of at least one annual examination of the milking machine (risk factor for clinical mastitis) - udder washing with individual towels, associated with enough straw for bedding (protective factor against mastitis) - teat dipping (associated with low milk cell-counts)Other prophylactic methods appeared without any effect. In the discussion, main difficulties of an epidemiological approach to the mastitis problem are summarized. A convenient hygiene-prophylaxis interaction is necessary to control mammary infections in dairy herds.
Immunocytochemical demonstration of erythropoietin immunoreactivity in peritubular endothelial cells of the anemic mouse kidney.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a monoclonal antibody against human erythropoietin, its immunoreactivity was localized in the endothelial cells of peritubular blood vessels in the anemic mouse kidney. Other cell components of the kidney including glomeruli and tubules were negative. The non-anemic, normal kidney failed to reveal erythropoietin immunoreactivity.
Multi-storey timber structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the past many loadbearing systems in timber construction has been developed. The basic systems are: log construction, timber-frame construction, balloon-frame and platform-frame construction, panel construction, frame construction nad solid timber construction. For multistorey \ntimber buildings are preferred: frame construction, panel construction and timber solid construction. Based on many research, a large numer of multi-storey timber construction has been built. I presented some of them: Murray Grove Tower, The Tree, Hoho tower and Tamedia.Slovenia has not many new buildings made of wood, according to forestation. The main reason for that is lack of knowledge of advanced timber construction. Also it has very little multi-storey timber construction, because it belong to coutries with high seismic threat and seismic loadbearing of timber construction has not been explored yet. I have presented \noffice building Eltima and storehouse Ekoprodukt. Many slovenian companies have participated in construction of multi-storey timber buildings. Some of them i presented in this thesis.
Acneiform Eruption due to Lithium Carbonate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— I wish to call attention to an observation of an acneiform papulopustular eruption, which appears to be a secondary effect of lithium carbonate therapy. This drug is being used increasingly in the treatment of manic-depressive disorders. I have examined four patients, all female, who had an acneiform eruption of the face and neck. The four patients all noted the onset or an exacerbation of their acne soon after beginning lithium carbonate therapy. One patient had previously been taking lithium carbonate and had noted a similar exacerbation of her complexion problem after beginning treatment and a remission after discontinuing the drug. Although I was not able to find any reference to an acneiform rash secondary to lithium carbonate administration in the dermatology literature or the Physicians' Desk Reference (1974), there have been three cases previously reported of an acneiform eruption due to lithium carbonate. 1,2 In regard to treatment, I have not had consistent follow-up with these patients to comment on response to therapy, but the patient
Online Recursive Detection and Adaptive Fuzzy Mitigation of Cyber-Physical Attacks Targeting Topology of IMG: An LFC Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the low inertia of inverter-based islanded microgrids (IMGs), these systems require a delicate and accurate load frequency control (LFC) scheme. The deployment of such a control scheme, which preserves the balance between the load and generation, needs a cyber layer on top of the physical system that makes IMGs an appealing target for a variety of cyber-physical attacks (CPAs). Among these CPAs, there is a family of malicious CPAs whose aim is to compromise the LFC scheme by changing the topology of IMG and its parameters. On this basis, an online system identification method is developed to estimate the parameters of IMG using the recursive least square forgetting factor (RLS-FF) approach. Then, based on the estimated parameters, an anomaly-based intrusion detection system (IDS) is developed to identify CPAs and distinguish them from the uncertainties in the normal operation of IMG. Following anomaly detection, a mitigation scheme is proposed to regulate the IMG's frequency using an adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC). The proposed IT2FLC uses different types of distributed energy resources (DERs)—i.e., tidal power plants and solar panels which are, respectively, equipped with inertia emulation and droop-based controllers—to improve the frequency excursion resulting from CPAs. The simulation results verify the performance of the developed detection and mitigation schemes, particularly when the RLS-FF parameters, i.e., forgetting factor, covariance matrix, and reset parameter, are obtained through the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. Furthermore, the designed mitigation scheme is corroborated by comparing its performance with several well-known attack-resilient control frameworks in LFC studies, e.g., linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and $H_{\infty }$ , using real-time simulations.
Comparison between continuous and discrete frequency domain solution methods for structural steady state calculations with the finite element method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Different solution methods, using finite element method in continuous and discrete frequency domain, are compared with each other in order to find the most appropriate method for the estimation of steady state vibrations in linear structural and mechanical problems. The purpose of this paper is to describe the procedures. Design/methodology/approach The continuous and some relevant discrete frequency domain solution methods are compared by an analytical investigation as well as by the numerical examination of a simple model. Finally, results for a more relevant example using finite elements are presented. Findings It is shown that the steady state computation using the continuous frequency domain system description delivers the exact solution for a given system. Originality/value Based on the presented results, the use of continuous frequency domain system description is recommendable in most cases.
Flip-Chip-Based Microwave Spectroscopy of Andreev Bound States in a Planar Josephson Junction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate a flip-chip-based approach to microwave measurements of Andreev bound states in a gate-tunable planar Josephson junction using inductively-coupled superconducting low-loss resonators. By means of electrostatic gating, we present control of both the density and transmission of Andreev bound states. Phase biasing of the device shifted the resonator frequency, consistent with the modulation of supercurrent in the junction. Two-tone spectroscopy measurements revealed an isolated Andreev bound state consistent with an average induced superconducting gap of $184~\mathrm{\mu eV}$ and a gate-tunable transmission approaching $0.98$. Our results represent the feasibility of using the flip-chip technique to address and study Andreev bound states in planar Josephson junctions, and they give a promising path towards microwave applications with superconductor-semiconductor two-dimensional materials.
Book review: "C" as a second laguage: For Native Speakers of Pascal by Tomasz Muldner & Peter W. Steele (Addison-Wesley: MA, 1988)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Beginning computer science students frequently ask their professors to recommend a book about C programming. These students usually know Pascal, have a vague idea that C is an important language, and know that C will be used in their upper level courses to come. C as a Second Language was written to fill this need. In their preface, the authors describe the book's intended audience as "students, professional programmers, and computer hobbyists studying C on their own" (Muldner, p. v). Experience in Pascal programming is assumed.
Mosquito breeding in rice fields and its role in malaria transmission in Mandla district, M.P.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A study of the breeding of mosquitoes in the rice field agro-ecosystem was carried out in Mandla district during 1987 and 1988. Results revealed that mosquito breeding commences in July and ends in October. Mosquito breeding in rice fields is inversely proportional to the distance from village. A. culicifacies breeds in rice fields up to a plant height of 20 cm and then gradually declines and becomes scarce, and is taken over by A. theobaldi and A. splendidus. A. fluviatilis breeds in irrigation channels almost throughout the rice growing season. There were a large number of other mosquito breeding sites which increased enormously with the onset of rains. The precise role of rice fields in maintaining high malaria transmission could not be established but the rice field agro-ecosystem contributed significant vector populations.
AURAL PRAGMATIC COMPREHENSION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Overall comprehension is closely related not only to the knowledge of words and syntax, but also the pragmatic concerns of the discourse. This study is an attempt to explore the basic constructs of aural pragmatic comprehension in second language (L2) learning. Taking pragmatic comprehension as the recognition of speech acts and conversational implicatures, this study compares pragmatic comprehension levels and the performances in oral and written production using a hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate a significant relationship between writing performance and pragmatic comprehension (p&lt;0.01) and a positive relationship, though not statistically significant, between oral performance and aural pragmatic comprehension, all of which propose an intimate link between linguistic production and pragmatic gain. Additionally, writing appears to be a source of both bottom-up and top down processing that indicates interactive processing of comprehension.
Beyond Music: Auditory Temporary Threshold Shift in Rock Musicians after a Heavy Metal Concert

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Audiometry was undertaken before and within half an hour following a heavy metal concert to assess evidence of noise damage. Of the four members tested, one member wore an ear defender in his right ear during the period of noise exposure. All unprotected ears showed a temporary threshold shift which was maximum in the lower frequencies. There was some evidence that early noise damage had occurred with a dip at 6 kHz. The role of music as noise and its potential to damage the cochlea are discussed.