jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The conservation status of New Zealand Hemiptera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The conservation status of New Zealand Hemiptera is revised. One hundred and three taxa are added to the previous threat classification listing. Nine taxa are recorded as Nationally Critical: Aphis nelsonensis; Megoura stufkensi; Paradoxaphis aristoteliae (Aphididae); Umbonichiton jubatus; Umbonichiton pellaspis (Coccidae); Pimeleocoris roseus; Pimeleocoris viridis (Miridae); and two undescribed taxa near Anomalopsylla and Psylla aff. carmichaeliae (Psyllidae). These comprise the only Threatened taxa. Another 49 taxa are considered At Risk, one aphid is classified as Relict, 48 taxa in 14 families are ranked as Naturally Uncommon, and 67 taxa in 11 families are considered to be Data Deficient. Keywords: AphididaeCoccidaeMiridaePsyllidaethreatened species Acknowledgements This research was in part supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Defining New Zealand's Land Biota and the Better Border Biosecurity programmes.
Is Sir Karl Raimund Popper a Precursor of Public Choice?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper compares the philosopher Sir Karl Raimund Popper with the Nobel prize winner of economics, James M. Buchanan. Popper is known for his ‘demarcation criterion’ an attempt to separate science from metaphysics. Buchanan is one of the founding fathers of modern political economy, called ‘Public Choice’. The central thesis of this essay is that both owe their fame to a similar trick: to turn prevailing questions upside down. Furthermore, Popper’s views on social and political decisions and on institutions are similar to the arguments of the Public Choice school.
PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FOR TAX EVASION DETECTION IN INDIA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This research explores the application of predictive analytics to enhance tax evasion detection in India, addressing a critical challenge in modern tax administration. The study develops a robust machine learning framework that integrates both supervised classification and unsupervised anomaly detection methods to analyse diverse taxpayer data—including historical tax returns, audit outcomes, and third-party financial records. Traditional methods, predominantly manual and rule-based, have proven insufficient in capturing the complexity of evolving evasion strategies. By leveraging advanced algorithms such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, and neural networks, alongside anomaly detection techniques, the proposed model is designed to identify subtle discrepancies in taxpayer behaviour that may indicate fraudulent activity.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Sustainable Supply Chain Management approach qualifies as a cornerstone in the Supply Chain literature, consistent with the growinginterest in corporate sustainability strategies. The multidisciplinarity and complexity that characterize this topic call for a revision of the main scientific contributions, in order to identify research directions and purposes, practices and behaviors adopted by sustainable companies and supply chains. The present study applies a rigorous analysis of the international published literature from 2010 to 2020, and offers an interpretation of Sustainable Supply Chain Management and its evolution, through a thematic classification of the items, according to the pillars of the Triple Bottom Line approach. The proposed study aims at identifying, with specific reference to the European context, the main differences between the various sustainability perspectives as well as between supply chains.
DNA methylation ageing clocks and pancreatic cancer risk: pooled analysis of three prospective nested case-control studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

DNA methylation (DNAm) age may reflect age-related variations in biological changes and abnormalities related to ageing. DNAm age acceleration measures have been associated with a number of cancers, but to our knowledge, have not been examined in relation to pancreatic cancer risk or survival. DNAm levels in leukocytes of prediagnostic blood samples of 393 pancreatic cancer cases and 431 matched controls, pooled from three large prospective cohort studies, were used to estimate DNAm age, epigenetic age acceleration (AA), and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) metrics. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the relationship between the various AA and IEAA metrics and pancreatic cancer risk and survival, respectively. The results showed that pancreatic cancer risk was significantly increased across all IEAA metrics, ranging from 83% to 95% increased risk when comparing the third and highest quartiles to the lowest quartile of IEAA. Consistent with these findings, the results from multivariate spline regression analyses showed non-linear relationships between all three IEAA metrics and pancreatic cancer risk with apparent threshold effect including two turning points at minimal and at maximal risks, respectively. There is no evidence of a significant association between pancreatic cancer survival and any of the epigenetic AA or IEAA metrics. Our results indicate DNAm age acceleration, measured in blood prior to cancer diagnosis, is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in a complex nonlinear, dose-response manner. Epigenetic IEAA metrics may be a useful addition to current methods for pancreatic cancer risk prediction.
Convention on Biological Diversity Post 2020 Target: A Critical Analyses of the Threat Posed by 30 X 30 Target, Devoid of a Human Rights Approach Towards Conservation to Land Rights in Developing Countries: Case Study Cameroon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a bid to protect the country’s biodiversity, the government of Cameroon became party to the Convention of Biological Diversity. However, the conventions recent post 2020 and its 30 by 30 target which is aimed at designating 30% of earth’s land and Oceans has caused a lot of controversy amongst human rights advocates because of the threat it poses to indigenous land rights and has been welcomed by conservationist because of the potential it has towards the protection of biodiversity. This study was conducted to address the threat posed by the Convention on Biological Diversity and its 30 by 30 target to land rights of indigenous and traditional communities in Cameroon. The study employs a qualitative data analysis to arrive at the findings. Implementing the Convention of Biological Diversity post 2020 and its 30 by 30 target will further increase the land rights of indigenous communities in a country that already has a history of violating the land rights of indigenous communities. In order to ensure that the implementation of the Convention on biological diversity post 2020 and it’s 30 by 30 targets don’t violate the land rights of indigenous and traditional communities in Cameroon, the state must adopt a human rights-based approach towards conservation and also ensure that indigenous communities are not left out in the decision-making process in decisions that affects them directly.
Kinetics of thymocyte developmental process in fetal and neonatal mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Kinetics of thymocyte development in vivo during embryogenesis was pursued. The early development of thymocytes in the fetal and neonatal BALB/c mice was discontinuous, with four waves of cell proliferation occurring at fetal day (Fd) 14 to 17, Fd 18 to day (D) 1 after birth, D 2 to D 5 and D6 thereafter. The first three proliferation waves coincided with the generation of CD4hiCD8hi (DP), TCR+CD4hiCD8-/lo (CD4 SP), and TCR+CD4-/loCD8int/hi(CD8 SP) thymocytes, respectively. The transition from DN to DP cells was further investigated and it was found out that there were two differential pathways via immature single positive (ISP) cells in the BALB/c mice, each functioning at different fetal ages. One is via TCR-CD4-CD8+ cells, occurring between Fd 15 and Fd 17 and the other is via TCR-CD4+CD8- ceils,occurring from Fd 17 until birth. In contrast, the TCR-CD4-CD8+ pathway dominated overwhelmingly in the C57BL/6 mice. These findings shed new light on the hypothesis that the differential pathway preference varies with mouse strains. With respect to the shift in the intensity of CD4 and CD8 expression on thymocytes from fetal to adult mice, the TCR+CD4hiCD8-/lo, and TCR+CD4-/loCD8int/hi subsets might be equivalent to the medullary type TCR+CD4/CD8 SP cells.
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING OF SCHOOLCHILDREN BY MEANS OF THEATRICAL ACTIVITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Статья посвящена методическому сопровождению обучения английскому языку школьников средствами театральной деятельности в условиях дополнительного языкового образования. Для каждого занятия по английскому языку в этих условиях выделены цели, которые подразделяются на образовательные, воспитательные, развивающие и практические. Выделены и раскрыты этапы работы над театральной постановкой. Правильно и интересно поставленный спектакль на английском языке положительно влияет на развитие иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции школьников, изучающих английский язык в сфере дополнительного образования.
Adolescent Females: Their Sexual Partners and the Fathers of Their Children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

No consensus exists upon the age below which sexual intercourse is thought to be inappropriate or what is an appropriate age difference between partners. Statutory rape laws which define the age of consent and often the age differences between 2 sex partners vary considerably among states. When the US statutory rape laws were first enacted in the 19th century the usual age of consent was 10 years. Now however the age of consent is 14-18 years but 16 years in most states. Most of the current laws are not gender specific. Data were used from Vital Statistics the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey and the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth to investigate the potential impact of statutory rape laws upon teen fertility and the initiation of sexual activity among female adolescents. Age differences between teen mothers and the fathers of their children were found to follow historic norms. The data indicate that were Pennsylvanias statutory rape law in effect nationwide in 1988 and if it had been completely effective in deterring sexual intercourse between young teens and older men 54% of births to 15 year olds in 1988 would not have occurred. However since most teenage births occur among older teens the law would have affected only 21% of births to 15-17 year olds and 8% of 15-19 year olds. Even then these estimates slightly exaggerate the number of births which would have been affected by the statute. Even were statutory rape laws successfully enforced the legislation would most likely not produce substantial reductions in teen childbearing.
Freedom of expression v. social responsibility: Holocaust denial in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article revisits media coverage of Holocaust denial, arguing that the media should introduce standards of responsibility into coverage of such hatred. The article defines Holocaust denial and hate speech, as well as outlines the concept of moral and social responsibility. Ernst Zündel and his claim to fame are also discussed. Also analyzed are the ways in which Zündel had exploited the media, including one episode in which the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation staged a media event, bringing to its studio Zündel and a Holocaust survivor. I conclude with a discussion of whether we should ban Holocaust denial tracts. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
STABILITY STUDIES OF THE EASTERN SLOPES OF AFŞİN-ELBİSTAN, KIŞLAKÖY OPEN-PIT LIGNITE MINE (KAHRAMANMARAŞ, SE TURKEY), USING THE 'FINITE ELEMENTS' AND 'LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM' METHODS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In open pit mining from the safety point of view it is very important that physical and mechanicalcharacteristics of the dug-out materials are carefully studied, and geological and geotechnicalcharacteristics should also be considered in planning bench slopes of the dug-out materials. Thepurpose of this study is to work out the stable slope geometry of the eastern permanent slopes inthe Kıﬂlaköy open pit lignite mine of the Afﬂin-Elbistan Linyit ‹ﬂletmesi. In the Kıﬂlaköy open pitmine, 35 geotechnical drillings totalling 3393.20 m were made for the geotechnical studies andto work out slope sizing. A total of 250 vertical electrical drillings (DES) were also made to studytectonic features and lithological changes which do not have surface expressions. All these datahave been used in this study. Design analyses showed that black coloured clay bands with highplasticity present in between lignite horizon is the most important unit controlling slope stability.Slope stability analyses have in general been conducted using the ‘finite elements’ and the ‘limitequilibrium’ method to suit block sliding model and to suit different groundwater conditions. Inthe analyses for the stresses affecting the slices; central part of the slice has been taken as a baseand the ‘finite elements’ stability studies have been conducted then the findings have beencompared. According to this it is understood that if stresses affecting the slices are conducted bythe ‘finite elements’ method then calculated factor of safety on the bench base would be morefrom 1% to 7%, and in the slope angles it would be more from 1% to 23%.1. Giriﬂ
A Relational Framework for Classifier Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the design of analytical procedures and machine-learning solutions, a critical and time-consuming task is that of feature engineering, for which various recipes and tooling approaches have been developed. We embark on the establishment of database foundations for feature engineering. Specifically, we propose a formal framework for classification in the context of a relational database. The goal of this framework is to open the way to research and techniques to assist developers with the task of feature engineering by utilizing the database's modeling and understanding of data and queries, and by deploying the well studied principles of database management. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework by formally defining key algorithmic challenges and presenting preliminary complexity results.
A wide drive frequency matching method for harmonic suppression and voltage stabilization of ultrasonic motors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To reduce harmonic components, balance system impedance, and stabilize driving voltage, an additional matching circuit is required for ultrasonic motors (USMs) driver. However, the performance of inductor or capacitor matching can be seriously weakened with changes in driving frequency. Therefore, this paper presents a simple and effective LC matching method against driving frequency adjustment for USMs. First, the driving scheme of the USM is proposed and the electromechanical coupling model is analyzed. Subsequently, the output characteristics of the full-bridge inverter are derived theoretically when the driving frequency deviates from the mechanical resonant frequency. Then, the impedance circular transform method is proposed, which can intuitively analyze the effect of matching parameters on the voltage amplitude. A matching objective function is established that can consider both the voltage stabilization and harmonic suppression. The matching parameters are solved using random weight particle swarm optimization. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that within the operating frequency of the USM, the proposed matching method can effectively prevent overvoltage and suppress harmonic components. Furthermore, compared with the existing resonant matching method, the proposed matching method can realize more stable driving capability at different frequencies. The proposed method could be useful for USMs’ variable-frequency driver design.
2005 Honda FCX gains EPA, CARB certification

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Honda's second-generation FCV, the 2005 Honda FCX incorporating the company's improved cold-start fuel cell stack [FCB, April], has been certified by both the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for commercial use. The new hydrogen-powered FCX achieves a nearly 20% improvement in its EPA fuel economy rating and range and a 33% gain in peak power (80 kWe versus 60 kWe) on the 2004 model.
Interrelationships among selected essential elements in medicinal plant raw materials and their water-extractable forms

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary In the study, the relationships were investigated among N, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, in medicinal plant raw materials (herbal bags) and their water-soluble chemical forms in infuses. 42 independent samples of plant materials were chosen, represented by different morphological plant parts as herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits. The elements were determined by UV/Vis spectrometry (non-metals), and FAAS (metallic elements) after previous mineralization of plant samples (total concentrations), and directly in herbal teas (water-extractable forms). Most frequently the correlations between non-metals and Zn and Mn occurred, both between their total contents the water-extractable forms. Statistically significant correlations were also found in pairs: Zn-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Fe, and Cu-Zn. Application of multivariate analysis revealed that cluster analysis grouped the studied samples into clusters with similar levels of the analyzed elements, and principal component analysis allowed the identification of water-extractable Zn, P-PO 4 and water-extractable Cu as the most crucial factors determining the differentiation of the studied plant samples.
Solid State Chemistry: Computational Chemical Analysis for Materials Science

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an overview of computational analytical methodologies and protocols applied to materials analysis, and their surfaces and interfaces with the surrounding environments. As we discuss the current advances and limitations of in-silico measurements applied to materials science, we highlight their complementary achievements and their innovative predictions in view of their experimental counterparts. We focus on elemental, structural and chemical analyses of complex advanced materials, for either homogeneous or heterogeneous targets.
Strategic development of enterprises in the new normal: digital transformations and innovative approaches to adaptation to changes and entropy resilience

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the strategic development of enterprises in the conditions of the new normality, which was formed under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and global economic crises. The authors highlight the key aspects of enterprises’ adaptation to changes, in particular, digitalization, innovation, sustainable development and risk resistance. It is substantiated that in the modern world, characterized by ontological uncertainty, enterprises are forced to operate in the conditions of the new normality, which is dictated by global challenges, in particular: pandemic, economic crises, environmental threats, military actions and galloping digitalization. It is determined that the key problem is that traditional strategic approaches no longer provide an adequate response to the dynamics of being, which is transforming at breakneck speed. The importance of a flexible strategic approach that ensures the long-term competitiveness of enterprises in a dynamic environment is considered. The emphasis is on digital transformation as a basis for increasing the efficiency of business processes, using environmentally sound solutions for sustainable development and integration into global supply chains. The authors investigate the impact of government support, employee mental well-being and innovative approaches on the resilience of enterprises during the crisis. Macroeconomic indicators are analyzed, in particular, labor market recovery, fiscal stability and foreign trade, which form the basis for strategic development. The issues of enterprise adaptation to long-term crisis conditions, the balance between environmental responsibility and economic benefit, as well as effective integration into international markets are discussed. The article emphasizes the need for a systemic approach to change management, which involves the use of innovations, digital technologies and sustainable development strategies to maintain competitiveness in an ever-changing world.
Judicial Disciplinary Systems for Incorrectly Decided Cases: The Imperial Chinese Heritage Lives On

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Local Chinese courts commonly use responsibility systems (mubiao guanli zeren zhi, zeren zhuijiu zhi) to evaluate and discipline judges. Judges receive sanctions under these systems for a wide range of behavior, such as illegal or unethical dealings with parties and lawyers, inappropriate courtroom behavior, and neglect of duty.
Gastric cancers overexpress S100A calcium-binding proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Serial analysis of gene expression provides quantitative and comprehensive expression profiling in a given cell population. In our efforts to define the genes overexpressed in carcinoma of the stomach, we performed serial analysis of gene expression analyses on dissected neoplastic and normal gastric epithelia. We identified 91,334 expressed tags, including 26,633 that were unique. The 20 most up-regulated genes (P < 0.01) in gastric cancer (GC) compared with normal gastric epithelia included several keratins that are specific for epithelial cells such as keratin 6A, 13, and 17. Interestingly, five calcium-binding proteins (S100A2, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A10) were overexpressed. Quantitative real-time PCR on primary GC samples demonstrated overexpression of S100A2 in 18 of 20 tumors (90%). The other calcium-binding proteins were overexpressed in 25-45% of the GC samples that we studied. Our results indicate that S100A proteins may be important for gastric tumorigenesis. Additional investigations are required to elucidate the biological role of calcium-binding proteins in cancer.
Using chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a drug carrier for opioid delivery against breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Over the past decades, opium derivatives have been discovered as new anticancer agents. In our study, Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) decorated with chitosan were loaded with papaverine or noscapine to surmount drug delivery-related obstacles. Modifying the magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) surface with polymeric materials such as chitosan prevents oxidation and provides a site for drug linkage, which renders them a great drug carrier. The obtained systems were characterized by DLS (20-40 nm were achieved for MNPs and drug- loaded MNPs), TEM (spherical with average size of 11-20 nm) FTIR, XRD, and VSM (71.3 - 42.8 emu/g). Contrary to noscapine, papaverine-MNPs attenuated 4T1 murine breast cancer cell proliferation (11.50 ± 1.74 µg/mL) effectively compared to the free drug (62.35 ± 2.88 µg/mL) while sparing L-929 fibroblast cells (138.14 ± 4.38 µg/mL). Furthermore, SPION and SPION-chitosan displayed no cytotoxic activity. Colony-formation assay confirmed the long-term cytotoxicity of nanostructures. Both developed formulations promoted ROS production accompanied by late apoptotic cell death. The biocompatible nanoparticle exerted an augmenting effect to deliver papaverine to metastatic breast cancer cells.