jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Unintended Consequence? The Impact of Higher Education Expansion on the Retake Rate of the College Entrance Examination

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT High participation systems (HPS) of higher education (HE) are common throughout the world. The consequences of HE expansion has attracted enough academic attention; however, much less discussed is the impact of the HE expansion on retaking the college entrance examination. Drawing upon China's provincial panel data, a battery of econometric methods, and the effectively maintained inequality theory, this paper explores whether and how HE expansion influences the retake rate of college entrance examinations. Estimation results suggest that HE expansion leads to an increase in retake rates. For every unit increase in HE expansion intensity, the retake rate increases by 0.014 percentage points. This is an unintended impact of HE expansion on retake rates in the context of increased access to HE worldwide and an overall decline in retake rates worldwide. Above findings still hold after an array of robustness checks. This positive relationship is more prominent in provinces with more key higher education institutions (HEIs) than in provinces without key HEIs. This implies the diploma devaluation of ordinary HEIs might be one of the reasons for the increase in retake rates due to HE expansion. The findings of this paper will be informative for economies that have experienced HE expansion.
Utilisation and perceptions towards smart device visual acuity assessment in Australia: a mixed methods approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate mobile health product use in Australia and societal and clinician perceptions towards smartphone based visual acuity (VA) assessment tools. Design Quantitative analysis of a cross-sectional survey delivered to the general public and thematic analysis of in-depth interviews of eye health clinicians. Setting Online survey within Australia and face-to-face in-depth interviews of clinicians. Participants 1016 adults were recruited via Survey Monkey Audience, social media (Facebook and Twitter), Rotary Australia and Lions Clubs Australia. Six clinicians were recruited from private and public settings in Melbourne, Australia. Primary and secondary outcome measures The study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, history of mobile health product use and perceived advantages and potential drawbacks of smartphone based VA assessment tools. Results A total of 14.4% of the study population had previously used a mobile-based health product. After adjusting for covariates, younger age (p=0.001), male gender (p=0.01) and higher income (>$45 000) were associated with increased likelihood of having used a mobile health product (p=0.005). Seventy-two per cent of participants would use an automated smartphone based VA assessment tool, provided that the accuracy was on par to that of human assessors. Convenience (37.3%) and cost-savings (15.5%) were ranked as the greatest perceived advantages. While test accuracy (50.6%), a lack of personal contact with healthcare providers (18.3%) and data security (11.9%) were the greatest concerns. Themes to emerge from clinician qualitative data included the potential benefits for identifying refractive error in patients, as well as the ability to self-monitor vision. Concerns were raised over the potential misuse of self-testing vision apps and the inability to detect pathology. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a substantial proportion of the Australian population do not use mobile health products. Furthermore, there remains notable concerns, including test accuracy and data privacy, with smartphone-based VA assessment tools by both clinicians and the public.
Mackosi’kwe’s Baskets: Marking Relationships

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On August 1, 1938, before leaving the Maniwaki reserve in Quebec, Canada, anthropologist Frank G. Speck paid a visit to his old friends, Michel Buckshot and his wife Angelique, better known as Mackosi’kwe (also spelled Meshkosikwe, meaning “Beaver Meadow Woman”). Mackosi’kwe was skilled in pyroscapulimancy, a technique for divining future prospects in hunting and travel by scorching the shoulder blades of Indigenous deer, caribou, beaver, and other animals in a fire, and then reading the cracks and marks. In Speck’s case, she started with a deer scapula, followed by that of a hare, to predict an unexpected break in the return trip, but an otherwise safe journey home.
Characterization and Comparison of Corn Gluten Feed from Six Midwest Corn Processing Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-one corn gluten feed (CGF) samples obtained from six midwestern manufacturing plants were analyzed chemically and in an in situ digestion trial to characterize CGF and to assess variation among sources. Starch content (12.2%) and pH (4.1) were similar among sources, while ether extract varied (P< .001) from 2.1 to 7.2%. Neutral detergent fiber was higher (P< .01) for samples from one plant (54.2 vs 50.1%) and acid detergent fiber was higher (P< .05) for another plant (12.4 vs 11.1%). Lign in content ranged (P< .05) from 1.4 to 2.0% while cellulose varied from 7.3 to 9.9% (P< .01). Total N was lower (P <.05) for samples from one plant (2.5%) compared to all others (3.2%). This sample was also characterized by relatively dark brown color. Sodium chloride soluble N was higher (P< .001) for one source than for the other five plants (60.7 vs 42.4%). Free ammonia-N was similar for samples from all plants (2.9% of total N) while pepsin insoluble nitrogen ranged (P< .001) from 7.7 to 20.0% of total N. Corn gluten feed was rapidly and extensively degraded in the rumen. Disappearance of CGF after 24 h of in situ incubation in the rumen ranged (P< .05) from 64.7 to 79.3% and was greatest for the dark brown sample with a burned odor. In situ N disappearance after 0, 12, and 24 h averaged 48.6, 53.5, and 72.0%, respectively. Stepwise regression suggested that extent of dry matter digestion was best described (P< .01; FI2 = .65) by a combination of ash, N, ether extract, lignin and soluble N. Extent of N disappearance was best described (P< .01; R2 = .53) by ash, cellulose, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, N and soluble N.
Price spikes in the electricity markets how and why

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since their liberalization, the electricity markets are characterized by a rather high volatility, which includes price spikes as one of the stylized and specific characteristics of this market. In this paper, we investigate the factors and mechanisms determining these spikes. Based on the Italian electricity market data, we perform a specific analysis of the auctions mechanisms and of the hourly bid and offer of electricity characteristics, for determining how and why do price spikes occur.
Significance of lactic acid and D-dimer in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveWe observed lactic acid and D-dimer in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in order to study the relationship of their changes, relativity with prognosis. MethodsSIRS group contained 100 patients who satisfied the standard of SIRS, and were divided into S 1,S 2,S 3 subgroups depended on item 2,3,4 of the standard. We also divided them into survival and death group. 50 patients who did not satisfy the standard of SIRS were selected into no-SIRS group, 50 healthy people were control group. ResultsLA and D-dimer were higher in SIRS group than in no-SIRS and control group (P0.01), LA and D-dimer were higher in S 3 subgroup than in S 1 subgroup (P0.05), the same result was seen between survival and death group. LA was positively associated with D-dimer in SIRS group (P0.01), and D-dimer was negatively associated with prognosis (P0.01). ConclusionLA and D-dimer are increased in patients with SIRS and were positively correlated, and D-dimer may be a predictor in patients with SIRS.
REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION OF THEADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM WITHIN THEHUMAN GUT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The human intestine is the largest immune organ in the human body and is constantly exposedto a great number of antigens and bacteria. This requires a balance between tolerogenic andimmunogenic responses to avoid inflammation. The small and large intestine have differentanatomy, physiological functions and are affected differently by diseases. Many studies onintestinal immunity do not distinguish between the small and large intestine, and most studiesare performed on mice. To fully understand human intestinal immunity, there is a need for morestudies on humans that also treat the different intestinal regions as separate compartments. Aim To summarize possible differences in the adaptive immune system in the human intestine, withspecial focus on antigen presenting dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Methods A systematic review was performed on previously published articles that examined humanintestinal immunity with focus on adaptive immunity. The articles were obtained from thedatabase PubMed using MeSH terms. The articles were selected based on certain inclusion andexclusion criteria and their quality was evaluated. Results The collected data from included articles clearly show a difference in small and large intestinaladaptive immunity regarding distribution and functions of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. Conclusion More knowledge about the differences in the properties of the immune system in differentregions of the intestine would probably contribute to a greater understanding of theimmunological basis of diseases affecting the intestines and might be valuable for developingnew treatment possibilities.
The sequential organization of text and speech in multimodal synchronous computer-mediated communication

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study uses conversation analysis to describe the sequential and functional relationship between text and speech turns in an English conversational lesson conducted in multimodal synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) involving text and speech modes. Focusing on repair sequences, I examine the relative timing of turns in each mode, the interactional practices that participants employed to handle timing discrepancy, and how both modes were utilized to maintain the pedagogical and interpersonal purposes of the encounter. The analysis shows that synchronous timing between text and speech turns was rare. In time lags between text and speech turns, if the repair was a self-initiated other-repair initiated by the tutee, speech turns did not seem to orient to the time lag. In other types of repair, the tutor utilized a range of practices to accommodate for the time lags, such as extreme slow speech tempo, pivot turns, and topic pursuits. The tutor also used the silent and visual features of text to insert and project an upcoming teaching episode in the midst of unfolding topical talk. The findings suggest that multimodal SCMC is a holistic process in which the affordances of modes can be employed dynamically and integratively to achieve social actions.
Source rock evaluation of shale intervals of the Kurra Chine Formation, Kurdistan Region-Iraq: An organic geochemical and basin modeling approach

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This work reports on the source rock potential and 1D-basin modeling of the Kurra Chine Formation (Late Triassic) in Northern Iraq, northeast of Duhok province. Tectonically, the area is a part of the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, and within the High Folded Zone of Iraqi tectonic division. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) values for the shale intervals indicating a fair to good organic carbon content. The Kerogen is a mixed type II-III and III. The Tmax values displays that organic matter of Kurra Chine Formation is thermally mature and it is in main oil window. From a plot of modelled vitrinite reflectance (VR) versus time, is concluded that the organic matter of the Kurra Chine Formation entered the early oil window (EOW) in the Early Cretaceous (143 Ma) and reached the peak oil window around 130 Ma ago. During the Miocene (at 14 Ma) the organic matter entered late oil window. Modelling also indicates that the onset of oil generation was in the Early Cretaceous in which 45% conversion was achieved in the Middle Miocene. Based on the current study, the shale units of the Kurra Chine Formation can be regarded as potential source rocks that are thermally mature and capable of generating hydrocarbons; however, due to uplift and unroofing, generation of hydrocarbons has ceased at present day. Keywords: Kurra Chine, Basin modeling, Source rock, Kurdistan Region, Zagros Thrust Belt
The Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessments of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Sediments of Sanshan Lake, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Sanshan Lake represents a typical rural-urban junction lake. In May 2019, sediment core samples were gathered from five distinct sites within the lake to assess contamination levels and potential health hazards stemming from organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The OCPs scrutinized included p,p’-DDE, α-HCH, γ-HCH, β-HCH, and δ-HCH, with concentrations of ∑DDTs and ∑HCHs ranging from 0.03 to 1.49 mg/kg and from 0.03 to 1.42 mg/kg, respectively. Average DDT and HCH residues stood at 0.04 ± 0.03 and 0.51 ± 0.41 mg/kg, respectively. This study unveiled substantial OCP contamination in Sanshan Lake, notably with remarkably elevated HCH residue levels compared to other analyzed compounds. The predominant OCP detected was β-HCH, prevalent across all samples. Moreover, the average HCH residue concentrations were an order of magnitude higher than those found in soils of the United States and Italy. At some sampling points, DDT residue levels surpassed both the ecological screening benchmark for soil DDT established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.0025 mg/kg) and China’s primary standard as per soil environmental quality regulations (GB15618–2008, 0.05 mg/kg). Source analysis indicated that historical agricultural practices primarily contributed to DDT contamination, while technical blends accounted for HCH pollution. Carcinogenic risk assessments conducted on HCH exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact revealed higher non-carcinogenic risks for children, with α-HCH posing the most significant carcinogenic risk among the various homologues studied. Conversely, the associated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks linked with DDT residue exposure were minimal or negligible.
TEACHERS PERCEPTION OF THE USE OF ICT AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL TOOL IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN NIGERIA SECONDARY EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The lagging performance of students in science and mathematics in West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) points to a serious challenge requiring the intervention of the government, as we know; education is the bedrock of any nation. The application of ICT tools in teaching science and mathematics in Nigeria can be said to have minimally improved student performance in recent times. Though the government of Nigeria has made a laudable effort in these regards; it has little or no impact in teaching science and mathematics in Nigeria secondary education. Thus, this study aimed at examining the perception of teachers towards the use of ICT as an instructional tool in science and mathematics within Nigeria secondary education. The research employs a quantitative research design in which a sample of sixty-three (63) science and forty (40) mathematics teachers from government secondary schools in Abuja, Nigeria were interviewed. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire titled “Teacher’s Perception on ICT Use Model (TPIUM)” based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis, 1989. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that Perceived usefulness (PU) had the strongest impact on Behavioral intention (BI) and Attitude toward use (AT) of ICT tools by teachers. The findings of this study also revealed that outdated government policies to support ICT use in science and mathematics posed a big challenge and more consequential is the inadequate skills of teachers in using ICT tools. The study therefore recommends that the government should endeavor to put in place adequate training and retraining of teachers on how to effectively fuse and use ICT tools in teaching mathematics and other science subjects in Nigeria. Ebire F. A. | Department of Global ICT Policy, Pusan National University, Busan South Korea.
Carrier and Light Trapping in Graded Quantum Well Laser Structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the carrier and light trapping in GaInAs/AlGaAs single quantum well laser structures by means of time resolved photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the shape and depth of the confinement potential and of the cavity geometry was studied by using different AlGaAs/GaAs short-period superlattices as barriers. Our results show that grading the optical cavity improves considerably both carrier and light trapping in the quantum well, and that the trapping efficiency is enhanced by increasing the graded confining potential.
Reports and considerations of Ismail Bey Gasprinskii in Tercüman on Central Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ilber Ortayli, Reports and considerations of Ismail Bey Gasprinskii in Tercüman on Central Asia. A detailed study of Ismail Bey Gasprinskii's newspaper Tercüman allows to note various features and dimensions of his political thought and attitude towards Russia. His clear views as regard the solidarity of Islamic peoples did not hinder his plea in favor of the adoption of Western institutions. He also emphasized the civilizing mission of Russia in the Asiatic provinces of the Empire. Gasprinskii - who was an official of the Russian Empire - tended to cooperate with Russian liberal intellectuals and officials and attacked vehemently in his articles the pan-Slavist Russian circles. Unlike the Young Turks, he professed to admire the regime of Sultan Abdulhamid II because of the educational reforms it introduced which he supported by word and deed.
New Media and International Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

New Media and International Development is the first in-depth examination of microfinance's enduring popularity with Northern publics. Through a case study of Kiva.org, the world's first person-to-person microlending website, and other microfinance organizations, the book argues that international development efforts have an affective dimension. This is fostered through narrative and visual representations, through the performance of development rituals and through bonds of fellowship between Northern donors and Southern recipients. These practices constitute people in the global North as everyday humanitarians and mobilize their affective investments, which are financial, social and emotional investments in distant others to alleviate their poverty. This book draws on ethnographic material from the US, India and Indonesia and the anthropological and development studies literature on humanitarianism, affect and the public faces of development. It opens up novel avenues of research into the formation of new development subjects in the global North. This book will appeal to researchers and students of international development, anthropology, media studies and related fields, as well as practitioners and professionals in the field of international development
An empowering story: Participatory design and feasibility of a recovery-focused narrative group intervention for persons with personality disorders.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Enhancing personal recovery in persons with personality disorders is an important but understudied topic. Guided by the framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions of the U.K. Medical Research Council, this study follows a qualitative approach with the first aim of using the best scientific, professional, and client expertise to design a narrative intervention aiming for personal recovery in persons with personality disorders. The second aim was to assess the feasibility of the intervention in a practice setting before an effectiveness study can be conducted. The prototype included a 12-week intervention “An Empowering Story” consisting of weekly group sessions with homework and a life story book as final product. Both studies show that the overall aim and structure of the intervention are highly appreciated by professionals as well as clients. The preliminary findings pave the way to examine the effectiveness of “An Empowering Story” in a controlled study.
Growth and Feed Utilization in Juvenile Black Sea Turbot (Psetta maeotica) under Different Photoperiod Regimes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bu çalışmada 4 farklı deneysel fotoperyotun (LDN; Doğal Fotoperyot, LD24:0; 24 saat ışık:O saat karanlık, LD12:12; 12 saat ışık:12 saat karanlık ve LD0:24; 0 saat ışık:24 saat karanlık) Karadeniz'deki yavru kalkanlarda (21 2,3 g) yem alımı ve büyüme parametreleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. En yüksek büyüme LD24:0 grubunda elde edilirken, bunu sırasıyla LD12:12, LDN ve LD0:24 grupları izlemiştir. En düşük büyüme oranı LD0:24 grubunda bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, LD24:0 ve LD12:12 fotoperiyot rejimlerinin kalkan balığı yavrularında daha iyi büyüme ve yem dönüşümü sağlanması açısından en iyileri oldukları söylenebilir.
RESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. CXX. THE ACTION OF OZONE ON URACIL

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. CXX. THE ACTION OF OZONE ON URACILTreat B. Johnson and Robert B. FlintCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 3, 1077–1081Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01354a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01354a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts