jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Economic Impact of Linking the Pilot Carbon Markets between Hubei and Guangdong Provinces: A Bottom-up CGE Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Controlling greenhouse gas emission is an important task for China to actively address global climate change. In order to achieve the 2015 target of 17% reduction in carbon intensity against 2010 levels, China has adopted a series of market-based policy measures. This paper utilizes SICGE-R-CO2 (The multiregional General Equilibrium model with carbon dioxide emission rights trading module developed by State Information Center) to simulate the mitigation costs and economic influences of Guangdong’s and Hubei’s independent mitigation efforts and linking cross-provincial carbon trading. It is found out that linking carbon trading market can effectively reduce the mitigation cost of the whole region. Carbon price of Guangdong and Hubei stands at 102.9 RMB/tonne of carbon dioxidene of carbon dioxide and 14.8 RMB/tonne of carbon dioxide and the average emissions reduction cost for the region is 972.4 RMB/tonne of carbon dioxide, if the two provinces take actions independently. However, in a linking carbon market where Guangdong buys from Hubei 23 million tons emission permits (824 million RMB), average carbon price will drop to 35.9 RMB/tonne of carbon dioxide and emissions reduction cost 567.9 RMB/tonne of carbon dioxide. From the perspective of industries, output reduction of high emitters is the main drive for emission reduction, while substitution effect between different fuels is limited. In terms of macro economy, carbon tax and carbon market will exert negative impact on economic growth, especially on investment, and consequent price growth is not large. Although the GDP of Hubei (seller of emission right) suffers larger loss, its welfare will be improved. From the perspective of sectors, industries with high emissions like power, non-metallic mineral products, non-metallic mining and dressing, metal smelting and rolling and chemical industries are heavily affected, but service industry is much more immune. In the last part of the paper, major conclusions are drawn and policy proposals are offered.
Integrated Home-Based Palliative Care in Motor Neuron Disease: A Case Report from Low- Middle Income Country

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In many international care guidelines, multidisciplinary palliative care forms a key to optimum management in Motor Neuron Disease (MND). We describe the home-based palliative care interventions for a client with MND and his family from a Low and Middle-income country context. This report also discusses the advantages and challenges of the same with suggestions for sustaining the quality of care for neuro palliative conditions.
Acute mitral valve regurgitation causing severe alveolar hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Acute mitral regurgitation could occur without common symptoms like hemodynamic instability, but with dyspnea, hemoptysis, and right‐sided infiltration on radiography. We report a case of severe alveolar hemorrhage caused by acute mitral regurgitation, which occurred in the absence of shock. Case Presentation A 40‐year‐old man presented with dyspnea with bloody phlegm and hypoxia, despite being hemodynamically stable. Chest radiography revealed right‐sided infiltration, and bronchoscopy showed fresh bloody phlegm in his tracheae. No specific findings were detected with any tests. After treatment with several medications and support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, his condition improved, although the etiology of the disease remained unknown. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram revealed severe mitral valve regurgitation with ruptured mitral chordae tendineae. These suggested that the sudden onset of mitral valve regurgitation had caused severe alveolar hemorrhage. Conclusion Severe alveolar hemorrhage, especially with right‐sided infiltration on chest radiography, should be considered a symptom of acute mitral regurgitation.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN ROMANIA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent years, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased considerably, according to statistics presented by the NIS. This was also stimulated by the emergence of national programs, such as the case of Startup Nation. But, many of them failed to remain in the market and remain competitive, going into insolvency. This aspect determined us to carry out a quantitative study based on a questionnaire addressed online to the owners of a number of 360 economic entities, in order to identify the cause of the insolvency determination. 85% of the responses received from respondents resulted in poor cash flow management and non-compliance with the business plan. The lack of historical background has led to a future forecast of cash flows from operating activities, investments or bad financing. Inadequate cash flows to repay loans, pay dividends, maintain the entity's operating capacity or make new investments were other issues reported. The research methodology is a descriptive one that aimed to achieve the objectives transposed in the questionnaire by formulating the questions. The two hypotheses considered were validated.
Crossing the Great Divide: a Case Study of a Regional Nursing Labour Market in the Central West of New South Wales

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This study contributes to the labour market research into nurse shortage in an Australian regional context. It indicates that supply decisions are influenced by family circumstances, attachment to regional life and characteristics of the profession, particularly the emphasis on caring. Aspects of nursing work, particularly workloads and working with competent people (as opposed to autonomy and career prospects), and conditions of work, particularly wages, protection from violence and flexibility of working time are more able to be affected by government\nand management. The study also suggests that a 'strict' approach to employment and work organisation tends to follow traditional medical treatment assumptions and lead to unnecessary cultural and systemic inflexibility. Generational conflict ('older' and 'younger' nurses) overlaid by opposition to the current system of nurse education (hospital-based and university-based) emerge as additional problems impacting on the participation of nurses.
Visible Lives: Electronic Health Records and the Biomedical Surveillance of Gender Non-Conformity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Recent federal healthcare reforms in the United States incentivized the implementation of electronic health records. Very little research has interrogated how such implementations have impacted care for trans and gender nonconforming (GNC) persons in particular. This dissertation explores the effects of electronic health record (EHR) implementation and data collection in this context. As a case study, it uses focus group and key informant interview data and situates self-reported experiences with EHR infrastructures within broader discursive trajectories of surveillance themes: trans visibility, privacy, security, populations, normalization, and a care of the self. \n\nIn addition to four focus groups with trans and GNC persons in Chicago, Illinois, 27 key informant interviews were conducted with trans healthcare stakeholders in six major metropolitan areas. Although most stakeholders reported challenges with these systems as they relate to care for trans and GNC patients, interviews revealed disproportionate administrative burdens at smaller, under-resourced providers. Notably, stakeholders reported that, despite various workarounds, clinicians and staff misgender trans and GNC patients in a range of contexts due to inadequate EHR design and development, including a lack of security and privacy mechanisms, and a lack of staff training or capacity. Stakeholders also discussed challenges with knowledge production based on EHR data whereby the most visible in the data may be those that experience less barriers to access care. \n\nFocus group participants explained how infrastructural and training gaps reinforce stereotypes, generate involuntary disclosures, and create danger for patients when accessing care or other resources. While numerous participants reported threats to safety and privacy while accessing healthcare, participants assigned male at birth, who are immigrants, HIV positive, and/or Black, reported more violent threats. Participants shared strategies for safe access and the maintenance of gender self-determination in the face of these rigid administrative systems.\n\nOver and above prioritization of standardized gender identity data collection, healthcare providers need to address these infrastructural failures and institute measures to ensure safe access, quality care, and the protection of patient privacy and data integrity. Recommendations are provided.
Measurement of Maximum Mouth Opening in 2 to 6 year-old Korean Children

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

최대개구량은 측두하악관절과 저작계의 임상 기능 평가에 유용한 진단 도구이다. 이 연구는 한국 유치열기 어린이의 정상 최대개구량을 측정하고 관련 인자들 간의 상관관계를 조사함으로써, 소아 악관절 장애의 진단 및 치과치료시 안전한 개구 범위 정립에 기여할 수 있는 기초 자료를 마련하고자 하였다.악관절장애가 없는 건강한 어린이(만2-6세) 151명을 대상으로 최대개구량을 측정하고, 성별, 연령, 신장, 체중과 입의 너비를 기록하였다. 평균 최대개구량은 37.72 ± 5.10 mm였고 성별에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 연령, 신장, 체중, 입의 너비 증가에 따라서는 유의하게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). 최대개구량과 관련 요인들 간의 상관관계 분석 결과, 신장에서 가장 높은 상관관계가 관찰되었다.결론적으로 한국 유치열기 어린이의 정상 최대개구량에 관한 자료를 얻을 수 있었고, 이 연구는 소아 악관절장애의 진단 및 안전 개구 범위에 관한 기초 지식을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.
Synthesis of Potential Antineoplastic Agents. XVII. N,N-Bis(2-fluoroethyl)anilines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Antineoplastic Agents. XVII. N,N-Bis(2-fluoroethyl)anilinesFrank D. Popp, Fredrick P. Silver, and Dru W. AlwaniCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 3, 481–484Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00315a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00315a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MakingE.T. Perfectly Queer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the wake of E.T.'s 1982 debut, film critics Marina Heung and Vivian Sobchack established that the enduring appeal of E.T. inheres in the dissolution of the nuclear heterosexual family over the latter half of the twentieth century and the film's “fairy tale” stand-in for the “mythology of family relations” that Dana Cloud terms “conservative familialism.” As Carl Plantinga puts it, E.T. offers a “virtual solution … to [a] traumatic problem.” Despite this, however, E.T. remains for many an inconsolable tragedy. Approaching E.T. from the perspective of the queer child who grows “more sideways than up,” in the real absence of a fairy tale solution to the traumatic problem of conservative familialism, I here seek to identify and celebrate E.T.'s “complex range of queerness” that has until now remained largely closeted.
Maximum Pressure and the Blast Wave Analysis of a Amount of HMX

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

폭약은 높은 에너지를 포함하는 반응성 물질이며 폭발이 발생할 경우 강한 빛, 높은 열, 소음 및 고압을 발생시킨다. 폭발 지점 주변의 손상은 대부분 높은 과압과 폭풍파에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 폭발에 의한 압력 및 폭풍파의 분석이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 HMX와 같은 고폭화약의 최대 과압 및 폭풍파 속도를 분석하였다. 먼저 HMX 폭발에 관하여 4가지 경우를 선정하고 폭발현상을 모델링하였으며 HMX의 양에 따른 폭발시뮬레이션을 통하여 최대 과압 및 폭풍파 속도를 도출하였다. 또한, 폭발이 Geometry 중심에서 일어난다고 가정하고 계산된 과압과 폭풍파 속도로부터 폭심에서 인접해 있는 위치의 영향을 분석하였다. 대조군으로 이용된 TNT도 함께 시뮬레이션 및 분석하였으며 HMX 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교함으로써 HMX의 상대적인 과압 및 폭풍파속도를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 HMX가 포함된 복합화약이 폭발하였을 경우 최대 과압 및 폭풍파속도 산정 시 기초데이터로 활용할 수 있다. Explosives are reactive material that contain a great amount of high potential energy. They produce detonation if released suddenly, accompanied by the production of strong light, high heat, great noise and high pressure. Damage at surrounding detonation point is affected by high pressure and blast wave for explosives detonation. Consequently, analysis of pressure and blast wave is very important. This study focuses on the analysis of maximum overpressure and blast wave of explosives for safety assurance. First of all, four cases of the amount of HMX were selected. Secondly, maximum pressure and blast wave were calculated through detonation simulation along with a set of TNT and HMX quantities. The peripheral effect of detonation point was analyzed by calculating overpressure and absolute velocity and considering detonation occurred in the center of geometry by HMX. Also, maximum overpressure and blast wave of HMX were compared to equivalent amount of TNT, which was taken as a base case and verified through theoretical HMX graph. This study contributes to the base case for overpressure and blast wave of complex gunpowder containing HMX.
Outcomes of combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicated by sepsis syndrome (SS) remains challenging. AIM To investigate whether combined adipose-derived mesenchymal-stem-cells (ADMSCs)-derived exosome (EXAD) and exogenous mitochondria (mitoEx) protect the lung from ARDS complicated by SS. METHODS In vitro study, including L2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in vivo study including male-adult-SD rats categorized into groups 1 (sham-operated-control), 2 (ARDS-SS), 3 (ARDS-SS + EXAD), 4 (ARDS-SS + mitoEx), and 5 (ARDS-SS + EXAD + mitoEx), were included in the present study. RESULTS In vitro study showed an abundance of mitoEx found in recipient-L2 cells, resulting in significantly higher mitochondrial-cytochrome-C, adenosine triphosphate and relative mitochondrial DNA levels (P < 0.001). The protein levels of inflammation [interleukin (IL)-1β/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/nuclear factor-κB/toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2)/apoptosis (cleaved-caspase3/cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase)] were significantly attenuated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated L2 cells with EXAD treatment than without EXAD treatment, whereas the protein expressions of cellular junctions [occluding/β-catenin/zonula occludens (ZO)-1/E-cadherin] exhibited an opposite pattern of inflammation (all P < 0.001). Animals were euthanized by 72 h post-48 h-ARDS induction, and lung tissues were harvested. By 72 h, flow cytometric analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated that the levels of inflammatory cells (Ly6G+/CD14+/CD68+/CD11b/c+/myeloperoxidase+) and albumin were lowest in group 1, highest in group 2, and significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 than in group 5 (all P < 0.0001), whereas arterial oxygen-saturation (SaO2%) displayed an opposite pattern of albumin among the groups. Histopathological findings of lung injury/fibrosis area and inflammatory/DNA-damaged markers (CD68+/γ-H2AX) displayed an identical pattern of SaO2% among the groups (all P < 0.0001). The protein expressions of inflammatory (TLR-4/MMP-9/IL-1β/TNF-α)/oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/p22phox/oxidized protein)/mitochondrial-damaged (cytosolic-cytochrome-C/dynamin-related protein 1)/autophagic (beclin-1/Atg-5/ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I) biomarkers exhibited a similar manner, whereas antioxidants [nuclear respiratory factor (Nrf)-1/Nrf-2]/cellular junctions (ZO-1/E-cadherin)/mitochondrial electron transport chain (complex I-V) exhibited an opposite manner of albumin among the groups (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Combined EXAD-mitoEx therapy was better than merely one for protecting the lung against ARDS-SS induced injury.
Glucose transporter oligomeric structure determines transporter function. Reversible redox-dependent interconversions of tetrameric and dimeric GLUT1.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study investigates the relationship between human erythrocyte glucose transport protein (GLUT1) oligomeric structure and glucose transporter function. Oligomeric structure was analyzed by hydrodynamic studies of cholate-solubilized GLUT1, by chemical cross-linking studies of membrane-resident GLUT1 and by using conformation-specific antibodies. Transporter function (substrate binding) was analyzed by equilibrium cytochalasin B and D-glucose binding measurements. Erythrocyte-resident glucose transporter is a GLUT1 homotetramer, binds 1 mol of cytochalasin B/2 mol of GLUT1, and presents at least two binding sites to D-glucose. Native structure and function appear to be stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bonds and are preserved during GLUT1 purification by the omission of reductant. Native structure is independent of in vitro and in vivo membrane GLUT1 density but is transformed to dimeric GLUT1 by alkaline reduction. Dimeric GLUT1 binds 1 mol of cytochalasin B/mol of GLUT1, presents a single population of binding sites to D-glucose, and is obtained upon GLUT1 purification in the presence of reductant. Native structure and function are restored by treatment of dimeric GLUT1 with glutathione-disulfide (K0.5 glutathione disulfide = 29 microM). We propose that native structure is established prior to transporter translocation to the plasma membrane and that intrasubunit disulfide bonds promote cooperative subunit interactions that stabilize transporter structure and function.
Gender variations in citation distributions in medicine are very small and due to self-citation and journal prestige

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A number of studies suggest that scientific papers with women in leading-author positions attract fewer citations than those with men in leading-author positions. We report the results of a matched case-control study of 1,269,542 papers in selected areas of medicine published between 2008 and 2014. We find that papers with female authors are, on average, cited between 6.5 and 12.6% less than papers with male authors. However, the standardized mean differences are very small, and the percentage overlaps between the distributions for male and female authors are extensive. Adjusting for self-citations, number of authors, international collaboration and journal prestige, we find near-identical per-paper citation impact for women and men in first and last author positions, with self-citations and journal prestige accounting for most of the small average differences. Our study demonstrates the importance of focusing greater attention on within-group variability and between-group overlap of distributions when interpreting and reporting results of gender-based comparisons of citation impact.
Effects of Escitalopram Combined with Small Dose Quetiapne in Treatment of Depression:A Clinical Observation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of escitalopram combined with small dose quetiapine in treatment of depression.Methods Eighty depression patients were randomly divided into two groups : Alone group and union group with 40 cases in each.Before treatmnet and at the first,second,fourth,sixth,eighth weekends efficacy were appraised with Hamilton despondent meter(HAMD)and the anxious/somzatization,sleep disorder of Hamilton despondent meter(HAMD).the adverse reactions were appraised with the Treat Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS).Results The union group significant efficiency,accounting for 86.8% were higher than the Alone group,accounting for66.7%,with a statistics significance(χ2=4.374,P0.05);the union group HAMD score was lower than the alone group at the first,second,fourth weekend obviously(P0.05);after 2 groups'treatment,the comparison difference there was statistics significance in the anxious/somzatization and the sleep disorder score(P0.05);there was no statistics significance in TESS score during 2 group treatment period(P0.05);there was no statistics significance in the incidence of two group adverse reactions(P0.05).Conclusion Escitalopram combined with small dose Quetiapne in treatment depression to be possible to enhance the efficacy,and rapidly improve the anxious,somzatization symptom and sleep disorder.
Applications of rare-earth ion-doped crystals for temperature measurement

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Excited rare-earth ions relax radiatively and non-radiatively. The non-radiative relaxation rate and hence the lifetime of the excited level exhibit temperature dependence. These materials can be used to sense temperature below the melting point of the crystal. We have developed calibration standards using rare-earth ion doped crystals. The sensitivity of the technique and the applicable temperature range depends on the ionic energy levels and the type of crystal. We will discuss some of the results obtained in rare-earth ion doped fluoride and oxide crystals.
Recent Advances in Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Their Composites for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, with pressing needs such as diabetes management, the detection of glucose in various substrates has attracted unprecedented interest from researchers in academia and industry. As a relatively new glucose sensor, non-enzymatic target detection has the characteristics of high sensitivity, good stability and simple manufacturing process. However, it is urgent to explore novel materials with low cost, high stability and excellent performance to modify electrodes. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites have the advantages of large surface area, high porosity and high catalytic efficiency, which can be utilized as excellent materials for electrode modification of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. However, MOFs and their composites still face various challenges and difficulties that limit their further commercialization. This review introduces the applications and the challenges of MOFs and their composites in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. Finally, an outlook on the development of MOFs and their composites is also presented.
Andhra Pradesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Andhra Pradesh was one of the earliest states to embrace the Special Economic Zone concept, and it boasts one of the highest number of approved SEZ projects in the country. The enthusiasm for SEZs among government and private sector actors in Andhra Pradesh can be partly explained in terms of the transformation of state politics during the 1990s. This chapter adopts a political economy framework to examine the state’s pro-SEZ policy dispensation and to analyse three case studies that reveal the dynamics of popular response to SEZs: the Apache SEZ (Nellore district), the Polepally SEZ (Mahabubnagar district), and the Kakinada SEZ (East Godavari district). Its central finding is that the politics of the anti-SEZ movement is rooted in the state’s recent history of policy reform, its changing agrarian political economy, and the nature and strength of its civil society.