jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An uncertain future: perspectives of emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease—a qualitative semistructured interview study in eastern China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective For emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease, future uncertainty is a critical issue during this pivotal stage of life, study and career development, as they encounter many unknown challenges and opportunities. However, to the best of our knowledge, only a few qualitative studies on how emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease cope with these uncertainties exist. This study aimed to investigate uncertainties associated with the future of emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease and explore coping strategies. Design A qualitative semistructured interview study with a phenomenological approach. Face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subsequently analysed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method. Setting A tertiary hospital in eastern China. Participants Participants (n=14) were emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease recruited from a tertiary hospital in eastern China, using a purposeful sampling technique. Results Fourteen patients completed the interviews. Four themes were identified: uncertainties in educational and vocational planning, social and interpersonal relationships, mental and emotional health and disease management. Moreover, the participants emphasised the significance of timely patient education postdiagnosis and ensuring consistent medical guidance after discharge to minimise uncertainty and alleviate confusion. They also hoped to manage the disease through traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the various challenges encountered by emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease and the factors that may impact their experiences. Additionally, it suggests the need for healthcare providers to devise suitable support and intervention strategies to guide and establish stable management of the patients’ uncertain futures. Trial registration number ChiCTR2300071289.
The response of Anabaena-free Azolla and the symbiotic Azolla to temperature

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The performance of Anabaena-free (algae free) and symbiotic types of three speeies of Azolla ( A. filiculoides, A. pinnata and A. microphylla ) were studied in a phytotron at two average temperatures (22 and 33 o C). The growth of both the Anabaena-free and symbiotic types were depressed at a high temperature (33 DC) to varying degrees for all species of Azolla tested. There was a marked reduction of both growth and nitrogen-fixing ability (pereent N) of the symbiotie Azalia compared to its Anabaena-free counterpart suggesting that the low tolerance of A . jiliculoides No.1 0 I to high temperature was probably dictated by the symbiont Anabaena azollae . A. azollae of both A, microphylla No. 418 and A, pinnata No.2 appeared more tolerant to high temperature than that of A. filiculaides No. 101.
Sampling pure fetal blood by fetoscopy in second trimester of pregnancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A technique for fetal blood-sampling in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation) combining fetoscopy with real-time ultrasound was used in 48 attempts at fetal blood-sampling. Specimens containing fetal red cells with or without amniotic fluid or maternal blood, and adequate for diagnosing haemoglobinopathies, were obtained in 45 of the 48 fetoscopies. Sampling was successful in all 18 patients with a posterior placenta, and in 27 of the 30 with an anterior placenta. In 22 of the last 27 consecutive fetoscopies pure fetal blood was taken; the placenta was anterior in 16 and posterior in six. Out of 17 cases sampled between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation pure fetal blood was obtained in 16. The volume of the samples varied from 50 to 500 microliter. The ability to obtain pure fetal blood consistently even when the placenta is anterior will increase knowledge of fetal physiology and the scope of prenatal diagnosis.
An Implementation of the Language Lambda Prolog Organized around Higher-Order Pattern Unification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis concerns the implementation of Lambda Prolog, a higher-order logic programming language that supports the lambda-tree syntax approach to representing and manipulating formal syntactic objects. Lambda Prolog achieves its functionality by extending a Prolog-like language by using typed lambda terms as data structures that it then manipulates via higher-order unification and some new program-level abstraction mechanisms. These additional features raise new implementation questions that must be adequately addressed for Lambda Prolog to be an effective programming tool. We consider these questions here, providing eventually a virtual machine and compilation based realization. A key idea is the orientation of the computation model of Lambda Prolog around a restricted version of higher-order unification with nice algorithmic properties and appearing to encompass most interesting applications. Our virtual machine embeds a treatment of this form of unification within the structure of the Warren Abstract Machine that is used in traditional Prolog implementations. Along the way, we treat various auxiliary issues such as the low-level representation of lambda terms, the implementation of reduction on such terms and the optimized processing of types in computation. We also develop an actual implementation of Lambda Prolog called Teyjus Version 2. A characteristic of this system is that it realizes an emulator for the virtual machine in the C language a compiler in the OCaml language. We present a treatment of the software issues that arise from this kind of mixing of languages within one system and we discuss issues relevant to the portability of our virtual machine emulator across arbitrary architectures. Finally, we assess the the efficacy of our various design ideas through experiments carried out using the system.
Methodology for Development of Laboratory-Based Comprehensive Foam Model for Use in Reservoir Simulation of EOR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An integrated methodology is presented for development of a comprehensive empirical foam model based on tailored laboratory tests and representative numerical simulations that encompass processes of foam generation, coalescence, shear thinning along with rheological characteristics and flow regimes. Multitude of steady state and unsteady state laboratory experiments of foam floods in a vertical column of sandpack with and without oil at different surfactant concentrations and at varied gas-surfactant solution injection rates are designed, conducted and analyzed. The logic and basis for the conduct of each of these experiments are provided. Test results from experiments in the presence of oil provide information on the oil-induced foam-lamella coalescence functions. Unsteady state experiments are conducted to characterize foam generation and foam dry-out phenomena, while steady state experiments capture the effects of foam quality, foam velocity and surfactant concentration. Process-based numerical simulations of these experimental results are combined with analytical solutions of foam flow equations to provide a methodology for comprehensive foam model. Simulations of unsteady state foam flow experiments with and without oil saturation quantify the foam generation and coalescence function parameters. A procedure is presented to fully model the effect of surfactant concentration on foam strength and quantify all concentration function parameters, and in particular, epsurf. The combination of sound mathematical principles of governing foam flow equations and numerical simulation techniques is shown to be the key for uniquely defining the empirical foam model parameters and for preserving consistency with simulations of foam flow processes.
Prospective study of effect of quality of reduction of intertrochanteric fractures on functional outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In younger patients, proximal humerus fractures are usually caused by high-energy trauma, such as traffic accidents or sporting accidents. In older patients, the most common cause is a fall on the outstretched arm from a standing position, which is a type of low-energy trauma. The study design was two year prospective study. Patients sustained with proximal humerus fractures presenting at Department of Orthopedics, were included in the study. In this study, 56% of the patients presented with 2-part fracture, 37% with 3-part fracture and 7% with 4-part fracture of the proximal humerus according to Neer‟s classification.
Broadband photoinduced Fresnel reflectors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Large photoinduced refractive index changes in hydrogen-loaded GeO/sub 2/-doped optical fibers have recently been achieved by exposure to UV light. Much of the work in this area has focused on sensor applications of Bragg reflectors, which result from periodic refractive index changes induced by exposing the fiber to the interference pattern of two crossed plane waves. In the paper, the authors describe the applications of easily-fabricated, broadband Fresnel reflector sites for OTDR-based distributed sensing as well as for the fabrication of localized intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors.
Cultural Heritage and Tourism: The Case of Dellys in Algeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cultural heritage is an invaluable resource for the development of cultural tourism. It offers a wide range of economic and social opportunities, contributing to job creation, income generation and the promotion of local identity. However, to fully exploit its potential, heritage needs to be carefully integrated into an overall tourism strategy. Such a strategy must include specific measures for the preservation and enhancement of cultural heritage. Recognizing the profound synergies between cultural heritage preservation and tourism development strategies, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the current heritage situation in the town of Dellys. This analysis identified the challenges and opportunities associated with heritage enhancement in the context of tourism and local development projects. The results reveal that the implementation of the current tourism strategy in Dellys is not fully achieving its objectives. Nevertheless, its effective realization, coupled with better coordination between players in the sector, could make a significant contribution to safeguarding, revitalizing and enhancing the town's heritage.
Factors affecting CD4 T cell recognition of the EBV-encoded tumour antigen EBNA1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with 200,000 cases of cancer per year. Although these include B cell lymphomas and epithelial carcinomas, the ability of T cells specific to viral antigens to target the latter, which constitute the majority of cases, has not been explored. In this study I have investigated the processing and CD4 T cell recognition of epithelial cells expressing EBNA1, a virally-encoded protein expressed in all EBV-associated malignancies. EBNA1 was equally stable in B cells and epithelial cells but EBNA1-specific CD4 T cell clones were nevertheless able to recognise both types of target cell. The potential effects of EBV-encoded micro-RNA BART18 on autophagy and CD4 T cell recognition were examined and showed that the loss of BART18 increased the autophagy levels of EBV-positive Jijoye Burkitt lymphoma cells under nutrient starvation conditions. Finally, the effects of a pharmacological inhibitor of EBNA1 dimerisation, JLP2, on the viability and T cell recognition of EBV-positive B cells was also investigated. JLP2 did not increase CD4 T cell recognition but transiently decreased the viability of one of two EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines coincident with this line’s uptake of the drug.
Detection of Recording Marks on Digital Versatile Discs and Blu-ray Discs using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Recording bits on recordable phase-change discs are studied using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) at high contrast. The grain size and boundary analysis of different phase-change recording materials can be performed at nanoscale spatial resolution. This study shows that C-AFM is not only suited to image the amorphous marks written on phase-change-based rewritable digital versatile discs (DVD) or Blu-ray discs (BD), but is also capable of revealing the appearance of bits in CuSi-based write-once BD discs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrrolyl/Pyrazolyl Arylaminosulfonylmethyl 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazoles.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Title compounds such as (VI), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XII) and (XIII) are synthesized starting with cyclocondensation of hydrazide (I) and carboxylic acid (II).
Endoscopic Surgery in Urology; Endourology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have routinely performed transurethral surgery, which shows unique urological peculiarity, for over a hundred years. The recent developments and technological advances in urological laparoscopic surgeries are also remarkable. Nowadays, endourology consists of 4 surgical approaches; including the transurethral, laparoscopic, retroperitoneal and percutaneus approach. Herein, we describe the recent advances of endoscopic surgeries in Urology.
Strengthening Free Healthcare in Rural Nepal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nepal, a mountainous country in South East Asia, still lags in increasing access to healthcare and reducing health inequity. Possible Non Government Organization based in Achham, Nepal, which is a sister organization of Possible International Non Government Organization based in New York, USA recognized the increasing health needs in the far western rural hilly parts of Nepal, where extreme poverty and illiteracy was creating a vulnerable picture especially in Achham. Possible (previously named Nyaya Health) started to operate Bayalpata Hospital in 2009 after completing more than one year of free health services in Sanfe-Bagar, Achham, in partnership with the Nepalese Ministry of Health and Population. It supports the idea that free health service has its own challenges but a public-private partnership can thrive while promote equity in health services. Keywords: achham; free health care; nepal; nyaya health; possible.
Heteronormativity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Heteronormativity, the ubiquitously held belief that heterosexuality is natural, and thus normal, is a useful concept for investigating embodied sociospatial configurations of gender, sex, and sexuality. It has been introduced into the study of geography by both feminist and queer geographers who have shown how space becomes heterosexualized (or not) through analyses of gendered, racialized, and sexualized practices, encounters, and relations in specific sites and locales. Over time, geographers of sexuality and space have moved from their initial exploration of those identities that fall outside of heteronormativity, such as those of gays and lesbians and those designated queer, to exploring the range of desires and bodies that are considered heteronormative. Since the mid‐1990s, research on heternormativity has most commonly taken place in social and cultural geography, although it has implications for all subfields of human geography.
« Assouvir sa rancoeur » : le vengeur désenchanté chez Bokar N’Diaye et Patrick Serge Boutsindi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyses mechanisms of the organisation and the functioning of the discourse of vengeance in the francophone African novel through an examination of Bokar N’Diaye’s La Mort des fétiches de Sénédougou and Patrick Serge Boutsindi’s L’heure de la vengeance à Quenzé. From the avenger malgré lui to the disenchanted avenger, we discover a writing that explores the complexity of human emotions, such as anger, rancour, pride, honour, jealousy, rage and hate. In hypothesising that these two texts play with a fundamental ambivalence, reinforced by the semiotics of contempt, this article aims to study the methods through which writing links vengeance to social and cultural issues.
The photodissociation of some alkyl iodide cations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Photodissociation of the molecular ions CH3I+, CD3I+, C2H5I+, and n-C3H7I+ and of the radical ion ⋅CH2I+, has been studied using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer and a flashlamp pumped tuneable dye laser. Predissociation of CH3I+ and CD3I+ results in very detailed spectra, which are assigned, and which permit measurement of, vibrational frequencies for the ? states of these ions. The spectra for C2H5I+, n-C3H7I+, and ⋅CH2I+ consist of broad and structureless bands. In the case of C2H5I+ this is believed to be due to the very short lifetime of a predominating ? state, while in n-C3H7I+ the dissociation is thought to arise from direct transitions between the two lowest states of the ion which are analogous to the spin–orbit components in CH3I+. In the case of the ⋅CH2I+ radical, the lack of structure is attributed to the formation of the primary ion with a wide spread in internal energies.
Plant community patterns in Moroccan temporary ponds along latitudinal and anthropogenic disturbance gradients

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Temporary ponds, an abundant habitat in the Maghreb region and notably in Morocco, have a high conservation value. However, they are mainly known from the north of the country. Aims: The aim of this work was to characterise the vegetation of Moroccan temporary ponds along a combined gradient of latitude and anthropogenic pressure. Methods: Eighty-five ponds distributed along a north–south gradient of 750 km were sampled. For each pond, all vegetation was surveyed (flooded and dry parts) and the local abiotic characteristics were measured during two successive hydrological cycles. The prevailing anthropogenic pressures were also identified and were attributed an impact score. Results: Eighty-one characteristic pond species (including 17 rare species) were recorded, with several new distribution data in the southern part of the latitudinal gradient. Plant communities were related to climatic and anthropogenic factors, but mostly to local factors, such as maximum water depth and soil pH. The northern ponds (wettest macroclimate) were rich in characteristic species and rare species, while the southern (driest macroclimate) ponds were more species poor. Conclusions: In addition to the direct impact of increasing human activity, a further reduction of the floristic richness of temporary ponds is expected due to climatic changes. This is particularly the case for characteristic species which have a high conservation value.
Enhancing virtual power plant observability with PMUs

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Especially influenced by the rising number of renewable and distributed power generation plants and so-called unbundling, the controllability and protection of power supply systems are becoming ever more complex as these systems are developed further. To securely meet these challenges a reliable observability of the power system is needed. Novel digital measurement equipment such as phasor measurement units (PMU) in transmission and distribution networks and smart meters in low voltage grids deliver the system parameters needed to perform a system state estimation analysis. This paper discusses the use of PMUs to support the operation of virtual power plants (VPP). It additionally presents methods, which have already been tested in different simulations, to optimally select the locations of measurement units to ensure system observability.
Estimating The Economic Impact Of Local Cultural Organizations: The Charlotte Arts & Science Council Example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper details the impact of the 58 affiliated members of the Charlotte Arts &amp; Science Council on the economy of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. We find that the affiliated members of the Arts &amp; Science Council had a sizable impact on the Mecklenburg economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Output was expanded by $129,171,622; earnings were increased by $50,589,999; and employment was increased by 2,132 full-time equivalent jobs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>These economic impacts were an important addition to the rich and varied cultural offerings provided by the Arts &amp; Science Council affiliates.</span></span></span></p>
Using Static Hardware Wrappers to Thwart Hardware Trojans and Code Bugs at Runtime

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the modern information age, security is a basic requirement. In this paper, we address security vulnerabilities that can occur at the lowest levels of computing due to code bugs and hardware Trojans. Some of these vulnerabilities can be detected using modern verification tools. However, more effort is needed to address vulnerabilities which occur at run-time. To this end, we propose a static, stand-alone hardware wrapper that is independent of the attack mechanism. The wrapper is integrated at the register transfer level (RTL) during the pre-silicon stage of integrated circuit (IC) design and provides security protections during use by the end-consumer. The proposed hardware wrapper will not remove or detect these vulnerabilities, but, it can enforce correct behavior by assuming control of external signals during run-time.
Differential NPY-Y1 Receptor Density in the Motor Cortex of ALS Patients and Familial Model of ALS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Destabilization of faciliatory and inhibitory circuits is an important feature of corticomotor pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While GABAergic inputs to upper motor neurons are reduced in models of the disease, less understood is the involvement of peptidergic inputs to upper motor neurons in ALS. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been shown to confer neuroprotection against numerous pathogenic mechanisms implicated in ALS. However, little is known about how the NPY system functions in the motor system. Herein, we investigate post-synaptic NPY signaling on upper motor neurons in the rodent and human motor cortex, and on cortical neuron populations in vitro. Using immunohistochemistry, we show the increased density of NPY-Y1 receptors on the soma of SMI32-positive upper motor neurons in post-mortem ALS cases and SOD1G93A excitatory cortical neurons in vitro. Analysis of receptor density on Thy1-YFP-H-positive upper motor neurons in wild-type and SOD1G93A mouse tissue revealed that the distribution of NPY-Y1 receptors was changed on the apical processes at early-symptomatic and late-symptomatic disease stages. Together, our data demonstrate the differential density of NPY-Y1 receptors on upper motor neurons in a familial model of ALS and in ALS cases, indicating a novel pathway that may be targeted to modulate upper motor neuron activity.