jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transformative Love Amid Suffering in Hilmi Ziya Ülken

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his popular yet academically informed work Ethics of Love, Ottoman-Turkish philosopher and scholar of religion Hilmi Ziya Ülken proposes that transformative love is both a response to the human condition of suffering and an intentional route to address the suffering and human isolation caused by human injustice and mutual alienation. Specifically, he proposes a humanizing love that transcends individual interests yet still affirms individual vitality and uniqueness. In this chapter, I lay out his views on love and further show how they are informed by his commitment to his "monopluralism" or affirming the multiplicity in creation by affirming God's unity (tawḥīd).
Accumulations of Free L-Cysteine in the Cell Sap of the Green Alga <i>Valonia macrophysa</i>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Free L-cysteine was detected in the cell sap of the green alga Valonia macrophysa using high perfor-mance gel filtration chromatography and fluorometric detection after pre-column derivatization with the thiol-specific reagent N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl) maleimide. Large quantities of cysteine (up to 39.3μg/ml) were detected together with small amounts of glutathione when cell sap was prepared without exposure to air at pH 2.0. On the other hand, when sap was exposed to air at pH 7.0 for 2h, cystine rather than cysteine was detected at levelsof 41.7μg/ml using post-column derivatization with ninhydrin reagent. Since the molar ratio of cysteine to cystine was 1.8:1.0, it is probable thatcystine was derived by oxidation of cysteine that must accumulate in cell sap in situ. When the levels of half-cystine were measured for other cell compartments it was found that high molecular weight compounds in cell sap contained high amounts of half-cystine (18.0% of total amino acid pool) compared to the water insoluble fraction of protoplasm-layer and cell wall fractions which contained 8.9% and 7.6% half-cystine, respectively.
How to denest Ramanujan's nested radicals

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The author presents a simple condition when nested radical expressions of depth two can be denested using real radicals or radicals of some bounded degree. He describes the structure of these denestings and determines an upper bound on the maximum size of a denesting. Also for depth two radicals he describes an algorithm that will find such a denesting whenever one exists. Unlike all previous denesting algorithms the algorithm does not use Galois theory. In particular, he avoids the construction of the minimal polynomial and splitting field of a nested radical expression. Thus he can obtain the first denesting algorithm whose run time is at most, and in general much less, than polynomial in description size of the minimal polynomial. The algorithm can be used to determine non-trivial denestings for expressions of depth larger than two.< >
Planting orientation of Portulacaria afra cuttings for thicket restoration: vertical versus horizontal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aim . The re-establishment of Portulacaria afra in the landscape-scale Subtropical Thicket Restoration Programme has exclusively used vertically-orientated truncheons (i.e. large cuttings with the main stem planted 10-20 cm into the ground). Despite the planting of millions of truncheons, the rates of survival, growth and restoration are low. This may be driven by browsing pressure and/or drought conditions during the truncheon establishment phase. Here we conduct a common garden experiment to explore the establishment of horizontal versus vertically orientated truncheons. Horizontal truncheons have their main stem buried in the soil and only a few side branches exposed above ground — these truncheons may experience reduced water stress. Here we compared the levels of water stress during the establishment phase of truncheons with different orientation. Location . Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods . Our experiment involved three planting treatments for truncheons: vertical orientation, horizontal orientation, and horizontal orientation with exposed side branches clipped. Truncheons were grown for two months and plants were well-watered. On two occasions during the experiment, photosynthetic efficiency was measured on all plants to ascertain levels of plant stress. After the experiment, the root, stem and leaf dry mass were recorded for each replicate, as well as leaf moisture. Results . The root mass proportion (of the total plant) was not significantly different among treatments. Despite this, leaf-level photosynthetic efficiency was recorded as significantly lower in vertical truncheons versus horizontal truncheons. Main conclusions . Smaller horizontally-orientated truncheons do not grow roots at a faster rate (relative to their total size) than the larger vertically-orientated truncheons that have more leaf material to support. Nonetheless, under well-watered conditions, the larger truncheons experienced stress evidenced by lowered leaf photosynthetic efficiency values. Thus, we suggest that horizontal buried truncheons may have a higher likelihood of survival under seasonal drought-stress conditions. It remains to be tested whether horizontally-orientated truncheons (with less above-ground biomass) experience lower rates of herbivory than the standard vertical cuttings.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children: The Roles of Age, Gender and Interpersonal Trust

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an interesting topic in health care sciences and psychology. Deeper insight into the internal mechanism of this effect through large samples is crucial to further understanding HRQoL and making targeted suggestions to improve HRQoL. The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of interpersonal trust between age and HRQoL from a developmental lens. The purpose of this study was to profile the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 generic scale in China and test the relationship between age and health-related quality of life, as well as the mediating role of interpersonal trust and the moderating role of gender. A sample of 6248 children completed measures of demography, health-related quality of life, and interpersonal trust. Regression analyses were performed to test the mediating role of interpersonal trust and the moderating role of gender. Age was associated with lower health-related quality of life and lower interpersonal trust. Similarly, gender differences were also noted, with boys reporting higher health-related quality of life and lower interpersonal trust than girls. Additionally, the health-related quality of life of girls declined more than that of boys with increasing age. Regression analyses revealed that age could predict decreased health-related quality of life via lower levels of interpersonal trust. What is more, the mediation effect was moderated by gender, with the observed mediation effect being stronger among boys than girls. The current study replicates age and gender differences in health-related quality of life and interpersonal trust. Moreover, this study explained how and when age affected the health-related quality of life of children, and provided a deeper understanding of the relation between age and health-related quality of life.
Path Coefficient analysis for yield and yield attributing traits in spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ninety genotypes of spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications at the Vegetable Research Field, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, (M.P), during kharif season of 2013. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were carried out to study the character which were associated and contributed towards the final yield. Twelve quantitative characters viz., first female flower appearance, days of anthesis to fruit maturity, fruiting period, fruit length (mm), fruit weight (g), fruit width (mm), individual fruit weight (g), fruit rind thickness (mm), number of seeds/fruit, number of fruits/plant, days to last fruit harvest and fruit yield (g) for identification of the potential selection indices. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield had significantly positive genotypic correlation with days to first female flower appearance, Fruiting period, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit width, individual fruit weight, fruit rind thickness, number of seeds/fruit, number of fruits/plant and had significantly negative correlation with days of anthesis to fruit maturity. Path analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant had positively high direct effect on fruit yield at genotypic (0.7898) and phenotypic level (0.8476) indicating that these traits influenced yield in spine gourd.
Lethality concentration 50 (LC50) assay of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) boerl extract in fibroblast cell culture

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Preeclampsia is a major cause in both maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia is still not fully elucidated but it is believed to be a multifactor. It is assumed that preeclampsia is caused by oxidative stress in placenta which cause endothelial and vascular dysfunction. In vitro model research is considered the best and most effective way to understand the disease pathophysiology. Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl also known as Mahkota Dewa is widely used as an antioxidant because of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols properties. The phenol and flavonoid compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to determine Phaleria macrocarpa extract's LC50 in fibroblast cell primary culture. The LC50 was measured based on Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The LC50 of Ethyl Acetate fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa extract was 38.16 ppm and the LC50 of N-Hexane Fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa extract was 157.91 ppm, both measured at 550 nm wavelength. Phaleria macrocarpa extract's LC50 obtained later can be used as reference in subsequent research using trophoblast cell and HUVEC cultures. Further studies regarding the optimal dose of Phaleria macrocarpa extract for clinical trial are encouraged.
The « Cooperative Wage Study » and the Canadian Steelworkers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In contrast to a wealth of information relating to the techniques of implementing a fob evaluation programme relatively little attention has been given to the industrial relations aspects of such a scheme or to conditions necessary for securing union participation in it. In this paper it is our intention to analyse the CWS joint union-management job evaluation programme adopted in the Canadian steel industry from the standpoint of union objectives in pressing for its installation, collective bargaining aspects of the evaluation and internal union membership reactions. At the same time it is hoped to throw more light upon the wage policies and practices of the United Steelworkers — usually recognized as the largest and most powerful industrial union in Canada, about which little systematic knowledge at present exists.
Evaluation of combined detection of 5 tumor markers in diagnosis of lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of combined determination of five tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods The serum levels of five tumor makers were measured by C-12 multiple tumor marker protein biochip detective system in 81 lung cancer patients and 85 pulmonary benign diseases patients.Results The levels of five tumor markers in lung cancer group were higher than that in pulmonary benign diseases group(P0.05).CEA had the highest sensitivity and specificity(43.21% and 100%).The optimal choice of combined detection were CEA+CA242、CEA+CA242+CA153 CEA+CA242+CA153+CA199.Conclusion Combinated detection of the five tumor markers can improve the sensitivity and accuracy,which have an effective guidance for clinical diagnosis in lung cancer patients.
Minor change in the sulcus angle during the first six years of life: A prospective study of the femoral trochlea development in dysplastic and normal knees

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose The aetiology of femoral trochlear dysplasia is unknown. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to describe trochlear development in a newborn population during the first six years of life. Methods In an earlier study, the femoral trochlea was examined by ultrasound in 174 newborns. A dysplastic trochlea was defined with a sulcus angle (SA) above 159°. Two groups were defined, one group of 15 knees with SA > 159° (dysplastic group), and one group of 101 knees with SA < 159° (non-dysplastic group). In the present follow-up study, the children were further examined at six, 18 and 72 months. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the SA between the dysplastic and the non-dysplastic group at all follow-ups (p < 0.001). A small but statistically significant change in the SA between 0 to 72 months was detected for the dysplastic knees (p = 0.032) and for the controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion Only minor changes in the anatomy of the femoral trochlea from newborn to age six years were found. A dysplastic trochlea at birth remains shallow and the anatomy does not change from normal to dysplastic during the same time span. Level of Evidence II
Syphilis among middle-aged female sex workers in China: A three-site cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

© 2016, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objectives: This study addresses the lack of empirical studies about the epidemic of syphilis among middleaged female sex workers (FSWs). The objectives of this study were to investigate prevalence of syphilis, and its potential risk factors among middle-aged FSWs in China. Design: A cross-sectional study with respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Setting: A multisite study conducted at three Chinese cites (Nanning, Hefei, and Qingdao) with different levels of sexually transmitted diseases in 2014. Participants: 1245 middle-aged female sex workers who were over 35 years old (about 400 per study site). Main outcome measures: Unprotected commercial sex, and syphilis and HIV infection were biologically tested and measured. Results: The RDS-adjusted prevalence of active syphilis was 17.3% in Hefei, 9.9% in Qingdao, and 5.4% in Nanning. The RDS-adjusted prevalence of prevalent syphilis was between 6.8% and 33.6% in the three cities. The proportion of unprotected sex in the past 48 h verified by the prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) was between 27.8% and 42.4%. Multiple logbinomial regression analyses indicate that middle-aged FSWs who had 5 or more clients in the past week prior to interviews and engaged in unprotected sex were more likely to be active syphilitic cases. Middle-aged FSWs who had rural residency were less likely to be active syphilitic cases. Conclusions: In contrast with previous studies that reported low prevalence of syphilis and high prevalence of protected sex among FSWs in China, both the prevalence of syphilis and unprotected sex were high among middle-aged FSWs. Evidence-based intervention programmes should be developed and evaluated among this vulnerable population in China and other countries with similar settings.
Studies of Modeling and Simulation Method of Temperature Rise in Medium-Voltage Switchgear and Its Optimum Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Switchgear is an important power system protection equipment. Internal overheating of high-current switchgear has become the most common problem in the power system. In this paper, two different methods of simulation model are adopted to study the temperature rise issues of the 12-kV medium voltage switchgear. First, the electromagnetic field is calculated by using ANSYS APDL, then coupling with fluid dynamics software CFX to give the temperature and flow field distribution of the switchgear. Second, FLUENT and Maxwell 3-D are used to get the temperature and flow field distribution. It can be proven that CFX simulation of flow field is more suitable for the complex models. In the meantime, it has huge differences with FLUENT software when the temperature rise of the switchgear is calculated. In this paper, the influences of inlet velocity, the number of ventilation holes, and their positions are further studied, which could provide theoretical guidance for reducing temperature rise of the switchgear.
Activity-independent detection of mediation states in individuals with Parkinson’s disease using wearable sensors (P2.8-004)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

May 6, 2019April 9, 2019Free AccessActivity-independent detection of mediation states in individuals with Parkinson’s disease using wearable sensors (P2.8-004)Murtadha Hssayeni, Michelle Burack, Joohi Jimenez Shahed, and Behnaz GhoraaniAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 9, 2019 issue92 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.P2.8-004 Letters to the Editor
Comparative Investigation of On-Grid and Off-Grid Hybrid Energy System for a Remote Area in District Jamshoro of Sindh, Pakistan

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To meet electricity requirements and provide a long-term, sustainable existence, remote areas need to promote renewable projects. Most of the time, wind and solar power sources are selected as renewable energy technologies to help satisfy some of the power requirements. Alternative approaches should be employed, considering the inconsistent characteristics among those resources, to offer efficient and long-lasting responses. Electricity production needs to be conducted with the help of a wide range of energy sources to be productive and efficient. As a result, the current research concentrates on feasible analyses of interconnected hybrid energy systems for such remote residential electricity supply. To help a remote area’s establishment decide whether to adopt renewable electricity technology, this paper evaluates the techno-economic effectiveness of grid-connected and standalone integrated hybrid energy systems. The electricity requirements for the entire selected remote area were determined first. Furthermore, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, a national renewable energy laboratory, was used to evaluate the possibilities of green energy supplies. A thorough survey was performed to determine which parts were needed to simulate the interconnected hybrid energy systems. Employing the HOMER program, we conducted a simulation, optimizations, and economic research. Considering the net present cost, cost of energy, and compensation time, an economic comparison was made between the evaluated integrated hybrid systems. The assessment reveals that perhaps the grid-connected hybrid energy system is the best option for reliably satisfying remote areas’ energy needs.
Dalits are not merely subalterns

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Subalterns as a socio-cultural category became popular in India in the context of two perspectives surfaced in history writings. While the ‘nationalist’ historians looked at history from above, subaltern historians viewed it from below, thereby recognizing the role of ex-untouchables, who came to be designated as Dalits. But even as the subaltern historians recognized the role of Dalits in anti-colonial movement, they focused on material factors – class and power. On the other hand, sociologists and social anthropologists focused on the ritual status of Dalits, ignoring their material conditions. This chapter argues that Dalit status is a complex one which encapsulates the low material as well as the stigmatized ritual status attributed to them by the Hindu Doctrine of Creation endorsed and practised by the majority of twice-born caste Hindus. The stigma of their low ritual status persists in the case of Dalits even when they experience upward material mobility and convert to other religions such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. This unfolds the bi-dimensional nature of India’s caste system – ritual and secular, the former constituting the core dimension overlooked by most analysts. This chapter attempts to fill this significant analytical gap.
Fuels and fires influence vegetation via above‐ and belowground pathways in a high‐diversity plant community

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Fire strongly influences plant populations and communities around the world, making it an important agent of plant evolution. Fire influences vegetation through multiple pathways, both above‐ and belowground. Few studies have yet attempted to tie these pathways together in a mechanistic way through soil heating even though the importance of soil heating for plants in fire‐prone ecosystems is increasingly recognized. Here we combine an experimental approach with structural equation modelling ( SEM ) to simultaneously examine multiple pathways through which fire might influence herbaceous vegetation. In a high‐diversity longleaf pine groundcover community in L ouisiana, USA , we manipulated fine‐fuel biomass and monitored the resulting fires with high‐resolution thermocouples placed in vertical profile above‐ and belowground. We predicted that vegetation response to burning would be inversely related to fuel load owing to relationships among fuels, fire temperature, duration and soil heating. We found that fuel manipulations altered fire properties and vegetation responses, of which soil heating proved to be a highly accurate predictor. Fire duration acting through soil heating was important for vegetation response in our SEM s, whereas fire temperature was not. Our results indicate that in this herbaceous plant community, fire duration is a good predictor of soil heating and therefore of vegetation response to fire. Soil heating may be the key determinant of vegetation response to fire in ecosystems wherein plants persist by resprouting or reseeding from soil‐stored propagules. Synthesis . Our SEM s demonstrate how the complex pathways through which fires influence plant community structure and dynamics can be examined simultaneously. Comparative studies of these pathways across different communities will provide important insights into the ecology, evolution and conservation of fire‐prone ecosystems.
Combination Therapy Involving Lavandula angustifolia and Its Derivatives in Exhibiting Antimicrobial Properties and Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Challenges and Future Prospects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the biggest health threats in the world. Current therapeutic options for common infections are markedly limited due to the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens in the community and the hospitals. The role of different essential oils (EOs) and their derivatives in exhibiting antimicrobial properties has been widely elucidated with their respective mechanisms of action. Recently, there has been a heightened emphasis on lavender essential oil (LEO)’s antimicrobial properties and wound healing effects. However, to date, there has been no review published examining the antimicrobial benefits of lavender essential oil, specifically. Previous literature has shown that LEO and its constituents act synergistically with different antimicrobial agents to potentiate the antimicrobial activity. For the past decade, encapsulation of EOs with nanoparticles has been widely practiced due to increased antimicrobial effects and greater bioavailability as compared to non-encapsulated oils. Therefore, this review intends to provide an insight into the different aspects of antimicrobial activity exhibited by LEO and its constituents, discuss the synergistic effects displayed by combinatory therapy involving LEO, as well as to explore the significance of nano-encapsulation in boosting the antimicrobial effects of LEO; it is aimed that from the integration of these knowledge areas, combating AMR will be more than just a possibility.