jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Complex excitability and "flipping" of granule cells: an experimental and computational study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Electrophysiology dataset for Complex excitability and ``flipping" of granule cells: an experimental and computational study. In response to prolonged depolarizing current steps, different classes of neurons display specific firing characteristics (i.e., excitability class), such as a regular train of action potentials with more or less adaptation, delayed responses, or bursting. In general, one or more specific ionic transmembrane currents underlie the different firing patterns. Here, we sought to investigate the influence of artificial sodium-like (Na channels) and slow potassium-like (KM channels) voltage-gated channels conductances on firing patterns and transition to depolarization block (DB) in Dentate Gyrus granule cells with dynamic clamp - a computer-controlled real-time closed-loop electrophysiological technique, which allows to couple mathematical models simulated in a computer with biological cells. Our findings indicate that the mimicked extra Na/KM channels significantly affect the firing rate of low frequency cells, but not in high-frequency cells. Moreover, we have observed that 44 percent of recorded cells exhibited what we have called a ``flipping'' behavior. This means that these cells were able to overcome the DB and generate trains of action potentials at higher current injection steps. We have developed a mathematical model of ``flipping" cells to explain this phenomenon. Based on our computational model, we conclude that the appearance of ``flipping" is linked to the number of states for the sodium channel of the model.
Simple Processing Method for High‐Strength Silicon Carbide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Silicon carbide test bars were made by a simple wet‐processing technique. The pressure casting method used the same equipment as conventional dry‐pressing, but with a modified die. This casting technique was employed in order to produce test bars with improved strength and smaller fracture flaws than produced by dry‐pressing. This was accomplished by eliminating pore clusters which were present in dry‐pressed specimens and identified as a common source of failure in SiC MOR test bars.
PENGARUHLEVERAGE TERHADAPVOLATILITAS RETURNPADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fast traslate Icon translate Basically, every company has a goal to maintain the company and develop its business in order to obtain a return. In maintaining the company's return depends on how the company's ability to bear risk. The higher the risk taken, the greater the expected return received. The study was conducted to increase knowledge about the effect of leverage on return volatility. Population are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange at the end of the 2018 observation period. The sample collection technique has been carried out using a purposive sampling method with 14 companies selected as samples. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis, in this method observations were made from 2014 - 2018 and obtained 70 observations. This study shows that leverage has a positive and significant effect on return volatility.
Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from surgical site of dogs, surgeon's hands and operating room in a veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the surgical environment. All samples were collected during the intraoperative period of clean/clean-contaminated (G1) and contaminated (G2) surgery. A total of 150 samples were collected from the surgical wound in the beginning (n = 30) and end (n = 30) of the procedure, surgeon’s hands before (n = 30) and after (n = 30) antisepsis and the surgical environment (n = 30). Forty-three isolates with morphological and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. and 13 of Gram-negative bacilli were obtained. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (85.71% [18/21]), coagulase-positive staphylococci (9.52% [2/21]) and Pseudomonas spp. (47.52% [1/21]) in G1, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (40% [14/35]), coagulase-positive staphylococci (20% [7/35]), Proteus spp. (17.14% [6/35]), E. coli (8.57% [3/35]), Pseudomona s spp. (2.86% [1/35]) and Salmonella spp. (2.86 [1/35]) in G2 were more frequently isolated, and a high incidence of multidrug resistance was observed in coagulase-negative staphylococci (87.5% [28/32]), coagulase-positive staphylococci (100% [11/11]) and Gram-negative bacilli (76.92% [10/13]). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. accounted for 83.72% (36/43) of the Staphylococcus strains. Gram-negative bacilli cefotaxime-resistance constituted 81.82% (9/11) and imipenem resistance constituted 53.85% (7/13). The high rate of resistance of commensal bacteria found in our study is worrying. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are community pathogens related to nosocomial infections in human and veterinary hospitals, their presence in healthy patients and in veterinary professionals represent an important source of infection in the one health context. Continuous surveillance and application of antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential in the fight against this threat.
Relationship of Basal Laminar Deposit and Membranous Debris to the Clinical Presentation of Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of BLinD and early BLamD define threshold AMD, which manifests clinically as a normal fundus. Although late BLamD correlates most closely with clinical pigment abnormalities, it is the quantity and sites of membranous debris accumulation that appear to determine whether the disease develops pigment changes only or follows the alternative pathway of soft drusen formation with its attendant greater risk of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
Best Practices for Endoscopic Procedures in Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The corona pandemic has affected the health system of whole world In India, this potentially long winding pandemic is overwhelming the capacity of outpatient and inpatient facilities, emergency as well as high dependency units of hospitals lead to severe shortage of resources, beds and staff This has resulted in compromise in patient safety and outcomes Endoscopic procedures have diagnostic as well as therapeutic importance and can aid in settling down acute illness following which definitive surgery can be planned later Being aerosol generating procedures (AGPs), safe practices need to be adopted at both institutional and personal level There is tremendous impact on health care settings due to the COVID-19 situation in a very short span of time In this COVID-19 pandemic scenario, while performing flexible endoscopic procedures Elective endoscopies should be stopped Flexible endoscopic and therapeutic interventions to be done only when absolutely necessary emergency and urgent cases Proper PPE kits and N95 masks should be provided to all involved personnel in every endoscopic procedure All patients undergoing emergency procedures should be considered Covid-19 positive and treated accordingly with every precaution to avoid infection transmission Comprehensive and well-designed written-informed consent with inclusion of all necessary information of the Covid-19 situation should be taken from the patient and relative before all endoscopies Urgent and Emergency endoscopic procedures must preferably be done under GA with very careful endotracheal intubation High level of disinfection is required in endoscopies and the accessories used should either be disposable or thoroughly sterilized if reusable As the fight against COVID-19 pandemic seems to be long-lasting we have to learn to live with it, prioritise resources and facilities keeping in mind patient needs in endoscopy departments Protocols need to be introduced to encourage new best practises in the Endoscopy Department to ensure successful preventive measures against COVID-19 infection This article addresses best practices to be followed and our experience of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
Effect of a Pulsed Magnetic Field on Brain Tumor Cells (RGC-6), and Eddy Current Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper describes eddy current analysis and magnetic stimulation of organic tissues such as brain tumor cells (RGC-6). First, eddy current analysis was performed, both by calculation and experiment ally, to confirm whether a constant gradient distribution of the induced electric field (IEF) generated by a magnetic field could be obtained in a sample area in which circular glass vessels filled with saline water were located. The calculated IEF was agreed with the measured value within an average error of 4.3%. Next, promotion of DNA synthesis was experimentally observed by applying pulsed magnetic stimulation (2.0 mT, 200 Hz) to RGC-6. A decrease in RGC-6 was observed as a result of combined application of an anticancer agent and a pulsed magnetic field.
Unoprostone Isopropyl and Metabolite M1 Activate BK Channels and Prevent ET-1–Induced [Ca2+]iIncreases in Human Trabecular Meshwork and Smooth Muscle

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prostones, unoprostone isopropyl and M1, are potent AL-8810-insensitive, stereospecific BK channel activators, without [cAMP](i), [cGMP](i), or [Ca(2+)](i) involvement, and prevent ET-1-induced steady state Ca(2+) increases in HTMCs.
Changes in Total Peripheral Resistance in Endotoxin Shock.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SummaryA series of experiments has been carried out on dogs to determine total peripheral resistance changes in endotoxin shock. Animals were perfused with homologous heparinized blood at controlled and measured cardiac inflows. Results suggest that the onset and course of irreversible shock are characterized by a progressive fall in total peripheral resistance. The mechanism of the decline in resistance has been suggested by earlier studies from this laboratory.
Action of Certain Drugs on Respiration

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The close affinity between physiology and pharmacology means that progress in one of these spheres often leads to advance in the other.In what follows an attempt is made to illustrate such interrelations in a special field and to show how the growth of our knowledge of the regulation of respiration during the past 25 years has enabled us to analyse more closely the action of different drugs on respiration.I hope I will be pardoned if I dwell mainly on studies in which I have myself been engaged.
Hypnotic drugs, psychomotor performance and ageing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY This review examines studies, reported since 1976, in which the residual effects of hypnotic drugs on psychomotor performance have been evaluated in older people. The 33 studies involved a total of 934 subjects (aged 60–96 y), evaluated 21 different products, utilized 26 test procedures, and reported 169 drug versus placebo (or drug versus drug) comparisons, of which 42 were associated with significant residual impairment. While performance decrements were more associated with longer half‐life drugs, repeated dosing, and frailty, these characteristics were often unreliable in predicting outcome. Significant improvements in performance were rare, and usually consistent with practice effects. While this literature provides a useful basis for clinical caution, it is not characterized by experimental rigour, and provides little or no empirical basis for predicting those real‐life skills most likely to be affected. Issues of subject selection, experimental design, testing strategies, and data analysis need to be addressed if the risks and benefits of hypnotic drug use in later life are to be more clearly understood.
Discriminant Analysis of the Nutritional Components between Organic Eggs and Conventional Eggs: A 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The difference of nutrient composition between organic eggs and conventional eggs has always been a concern of people. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique combined with multivariate statistical analyses was conducted to identify the metabolite different in egg yolk and egg white in order to reveal the nutritional components information between organic and conventional eggs. The results showed that the nutrient content and composition characteristics were different between organic and conventional eggs, among which the content of glucose, putrescine, amino acids and their derivatives were found higher in the organic eggs yolk, while phospholipids were demonstrated higher in conventional eggs yolk. Organic acid, alcohol, amine, choline and amino acids were higher in conventional eggs white, but glucose and lactate in organic egg were higher. Our study demonstrated that there are more nutritive components and higher nutritional value in organic eggs than conventional eggs, especially for the growth and development of infants and young children, and conventional eggs have more advantages in promoting lipid metabolism, preventing fatty liver, and reducing serum cholesterol. Eggs have important nutritional value to human body, and these two kinds of eggs can be selected according to the actual nutrient needs.
Cost-optimized methods extending the solution space of lightweight spaceborne monolithic ZERODUR® mirrors to larger sizes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem that larger spaceborne mirrors require greater sectional thickness to achieve a sufficient first eigen frequency that is resilient to launch loads, and to be stable during optical telescope assembly integration and test, this added thickness results in unacceptable added mass if we simply scale up solutions for smaller mirrors. Special features, like cathedral ribs, arch, chamfers, and back-side following the contour of the mirror face have been considered for these studies. For computational efficiency, we have conducted detailed analysis on various configurations of a 800 mm hexagonal segment and of a 1.2-m mirror, in a manner that they can be constrained by manufacturing parameters as would be a 4-m mirror. Furthermore each model considered also has been constrained by cost-effective machining practice as defined in the SCHOTT Mainz factory. Analysis on variants of this 1.2-m mirror has shown a favorable configuration. We have then scaled this optimal configuration to 4-m aperture. We discuss resulting parameters of costoptimized 4-m mirrors. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages this analysis reveals of going to cathedral rib architecture on 1-m class mirror substrates.
Association of obliterative extracranial vascular disease with carotid sinus hyperaesthesia: a possible mechanism of transitory cerebral ischaemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In extensive studies of cerebral circulation it has been shown that obliterative extracranial vascular disease is associated with a particular regulatory pattern of cerebral circulation. In stenosis of the vertebral artery, of the internal carotid or in the subclavian steal syndrome, cerebral blood flow and O2 consumption was adequate under resting conditions and it is essentially the high cerebrovascular resistance which points to some derangement. The haemodynamic reserves of the brain being restricted, a sudden fall in heart rate may produce a significant decrease in the cerebral blood flow and thus bring about transitory cerebral ischaemic episodes. Twenty patients were studied in whom the production of transitory cerebral attacks was attributable to the coexistence of obliterative extracranial vascular disease and carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Elicitation of the carotid sinus reflex resulted in the production of transitory cerebral ischaemic spells together with a fall in cerebral blood flow in all cases. It is suggested that the transitory cerebral attacks are due in part of the cases to a coexistence of obliterative extracranial vascular disease and carotid sinus syncope. The majority of such patients become symptom-free if bradycardia or sinauricular or av block due to the carotid sinus hypersensitivity can be prevented by atropine therapy or pacemaker implantation.
Ultrasound diaphragmatic assessment to predict weaning outcomes in intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Reintubation is required 48–72 h after extubation in 3–19% of patients, which raises ICU morbidity, mortality, and costs. Diaphragm dysfunction frequently results in extubation failure. The diaphragm’s thickness and mobility can be assessed using ultrasonography. This study examined the role of thickening fraction and diaphragm excursion (DE) in predicting weaning success from mechanical ventilation in ICU. This study explores the utility of diaphragmatic ultrasound as an additional parameter in weaning outcome prediction. Patients and methods A total of 79 patients were enrolled in this study and received mechanical ventilation. They were divided into two groups according to the success of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Diaphragm ultrasound including diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and thickening fraction (DTF) was performed three times: at baseline on admission, before starting invasive mechanical ventilation and during SBT. Results Of the 79 included patients, 59% (47) were able to pass SBT and 41% (32) failed extubation. Weaning success was significantly correlated with DE and DTF ( P <0.0001). DE cutoff 31.01 mm (±7.38 SD) was associated with successful extubation and a cutoff of 19.66 mm (±2.76 SD) was associated with weaning failure. DTF cutoff 45.81% (±14.58 SD) was significantly correlated with successful passing SBT. Conclusions DE and DTF are better indicators of weaning success in addition to other weaning parameters.
A comparison of fleece testing methods for the establishment of a ram breeding nucleus in a wool flock and for clip preparation.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A mobile OFDA2000 device was compared to conventional mid-side fleece testing in helping to establish a ram breeding nucleus, from a base of 840 fine-wool ewe hoggets. Together with tests on 693 wether hoggets the results were also used to help establish lines of wool for sale. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two fleece testing methods was 0.86. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between estimated breeding values (EBVs) for mean fibre diameter (MFD) and for selection indices using determinations from the two fleece testing methods were 0.84 and 0.86 respectively. In conclusion, similar genetic selection differentials were achieved by selecting the top 200 animals based on either OFDA2000 or conventional mid-side test information. Further, both OFDA2000 and conventional mid-side fleece testing closely predicted core testing results from lines of wool created from use of MFD tests of individual fleeces, with the correlation coefficients between results from either methods and core tests for MFD both being 0.99.
Well-Completion Technique Using Steam for Formations With Unconsolidated Sands

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This article is a synopsis of paper SPE 38793, "A Novel, Low-Cost, Well-Completion Technique Using Steam for Formations with Unconsolidated Sands, Wilmington Field, California," by D.K. Davies, SPE, David K. Davies & Assocs. Inc., and J.J. Mondragon, SPE, and P.S. Hara, SPE, Tidelands Oil Production Co., originally presented at the 1997 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 5-8 October.
Memory in T/Rubble: Tackling (Nuclear) Ruins

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The 1945 bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki seem to have recently started to recede back in the memory of Western culture. 9/11 and the age of global warfare which we are in have averted our gazes away from that past, in our tremulous expectations of the next traumatic event. In the twentieth century, poets like Tony Harrison have tackled this delicate topic, while Japanese culture has in many ways been forced and willing to reconsider its own agendas and sense of identity from those ‘ground zeroes’ onwards. In both A Pale View of Hills (1982) and An Artist of the Floating World (1986), one of the most famous and truly global writers of our times, Kazuo Ishiguro, has offered his own complex views on the still vulnerable sites and lives those events ‘created.’ In these two novels, he attempts to rememorialize the numerous competing and often contrasting memories of the lit(t)eral aftermath of the Bomb: he recuperates and interpellates collective and individual pasts, and manages to construe unstable texts which mimic the urban spaces invaded, reconfigured by and in their human and material rubble, as much as in the irretrievable traces which mark its vanishing. I Harrison and Ishiguro to verify the unreliability of memory, its radically vulnerable state, but also the possibilities of recuperation, recovery and resistance works of imagination may offer.
implementation there was an increase in linkage to treatment and connection with overdose prevention services without increasing ED LOS. Future study will examine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

95% CI 1.24-1.29). Among 3,457 patients who were prescribed an opioid, 63% were prescribed 0-12 pills, 35% 13-30 and 1.9% >30 pills. In multivariable regression, the following covariates were associated with >12 pills: increasing age category (AOR¼1.21; 95% CI 1.11-1.31); male sex (AOR¼1.16; 95% CI 1.01-1.34), uninsured (AOR¼0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.85); and history of drug abuse (AOR¼0.74; 95%CI 0.63-0.86). Conclusions: Older patients, men, and patients with a drug abuse history are more likely to receive an opioid prescription when discharged from the ED after a painrelated visit, independent of reported pain severity. Older patients receive prescriptions for a higher number of pills, but those uninsured and with drug abuse history are prescribed fewer pills. These results suggest that specific patient characteristics influence opioid prescribing behavior in the ED.
Turabi’s Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan, by Abdelwahab El-Effendi. (Grey Seals Islamic Studies) 209 pages, index, bibliography. London: Grey Seals Books, 1991. (Cloth) ISBN 1-85640-004-2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Turabi’s Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan, by Abdelwahab El-Effendi. (Grey Seals Islamic Studies) 209 pages, index, bibliography. London: Grey Seals Books, 1991. (Cloth) ISBN 1-85640-004-2 - Volume 27 Issue 2