jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Elevated IL-10 serum levels are associated with slower serological response following syphilis treatment during pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Approximately 50% of pregnant individuals treated for syphilis do not achieve a decline in non-treponemal titers by delivery. The serological response in pregnant persons is significantly slower compared to non-pregnant individuals, with unclear pathogenesis and clinical significance. This study aimed to determine the association between the host immune response and serological outcome in pregnant individuals with syphilis. Methods Twenty-four females with early syphilis, including 14 pregnant individuals, were included. Pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β) were measured before treatment and 6 months after penicillin injection. Results The median time to serological cure was 5 months for pregnant individuals and 2 months for non-pregnant females. Pregnant individuals had significantly higher serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β at baseline and at 6 months post-treatment compared to non-pregnant individuals ( p < .05). Conclusions A robust regulatory immune response to syphilis may be associated with a slower serological response to therapy during pregnancy.
Analysis of the Human Erythrocyte Lipid in Various Functional Conditions of the Thyroid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analyses of the erythrocyte lipid by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and photodensitometry (PDM) were performed in five normal human adults, four patients with hyperthyroidism and four patients with hypothyroidism. Lipids were extracted from washed red cells with a 2:1 (v/v) chloroform-methanol mixture. TLC of total lipids was performed on a Silica Gel G plate using a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water in a proportion of 65:24:4 (v/v). Lipid spots were identified by comparing them with standard lipid spots and quantitative analysis of each lipid was carried out by means of PDM after charring the lipid spots. The major components of erythrocyte lipids were cholesterol (unesterified), lecithin, sphingomyelin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and cerebrosides. Although there were no striking differences in erythrocyte lipids in different functional states of the thyroid, relative quantitative analyses suggested that cholesterol values were high and lecithin values low in hypothyroid-ism, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine values low in hyperthyroidism.
Design and Study of 90nm CMOS Common Source 2.4GHz Low Noise Amplifier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A systematic and meticulous study on different topologies of Common source Low noise amplifiers for low power applications is designed at 2.4 GHz for low power wireless applications. The design and analysis of Common Source Inductive load (Type 1), Inductive Source Degeneration (Type 2) and Cascode Common Source LNA (Type 3) is accomplished using cadence virtuoso analog and digital design environment in 90 nm cmos technology. The proposed LNA implemented using a common source with inductive degeneration achieves a gain of 25.1783dB. Also, Input Reflection Coefficient (S 11) of -1.826dB, Output Reflection Coefficient (S22) of 2.17861dB, Reverse Gain Coefficient (S 12) of -31.6649dB, and noise figure of 1.382dB is recorded which emphasizes the efficiency of proposed LNA in efficiently managing the trade off between noise figure and gain. Also, the other two topologies recorded a gain of 5 to 8 dB and noise figure of 3 dB. Further optimization with respect to these topologies was accompanied by the degrading performance in terms of low gain and high noise figure.
New Insight into Pathogenic Variant p.L275P on the Structure and Function of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (STAR) Through Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH) is the lethal form of steroid biosynthesis defects because of mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory ( STAR ) gene. There are two distinct clinical forms including classical and nonclassical without any reliable genotype–phenotype correlation, and investigation of more cases may provide valuable insights. Materials and Methods: Ten Iranian families affected by LCAH were selected for genetic linkage analysis. The STAR gene was sequenced in the linked families, and using multiple in silico tools and ACMG guidelines, the pathogenicity of candidate variants was assessed. Also, the structural effects of the identified variant on the STAR behavior were evaluated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Results: Data analysis revealed a pathogenic variant, c.824T>C, (p.L275P), in the STAR gene in the Iranian population for the first time. Furthermore, molecular docking and MD simulation revealed that the c.824T>C variant results in a decrease in total flexibility and secondary structure, an increase in H-bonds and changed fluctuations in some residues. Conclusions: MD simulation provides the key structural and structural insights of the p.L275P -mediated conformational changes in STAR.
Development of a continuum model for ferrogels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A systematic development of a continuum model is presented, which is capable of describing the magneto-mechanical behavior of magnetic polymer gels commonly referred to as “ferrogels”. In the present research, ferrogels are treated as multicomponent, multiphase materials. They consist of a polymer network (P), fixed magnetic particles (f), mobile magnetic particles (m), and liquid (L). By considering ferrogels as multicomponent materials, interaction among constituents of ferrogels can be captured. This helps in understanding the process occurring inside ferrogels under the influence of external stimuli, such as magnetic fields. In our modeling approach, the field equations of ferrogels are derived within the framework of the theory of mixtures. The basic equations include Maxwell’s equations, balance of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy, and entropy. In the framework of the theory of mixtures, balance relations are first presented at the constituent level also referred to as partial balance relations. By summing partial balance relations over all constituents and imposing the restrictions of theory of mixtures, balance relations of mixture (for the ferrogel) are obtained. In the current work the specific magnetization (magnetization per density) is considered as an evolving variable. It is demonstrated that balance of angular momentum is satisfied using the evolution equation of specific magnetization and constitutive laws. In the process of modeling, a suitable free energy function is introduced and thermodynamically consistent constitutive laws are formulated. Introducing certain assumptions, a reduced model of the ferrogel, a coupled magneto-mechanical formulation, is subsequently presented. The reduced model consists only of a polymer network (P) and fixed magnetic particles (f). It is concluded that the reduced model compares well to the existing ones in the literature. The magneto-mechanical problem based on the reduced model is solved in 2D using the finite element method. The only unknowns for the finite element method implementation are mechanical displacement and magnetic potential. Deformation of a ferrogel in a magnetic field is subsequently investigated. Elongation and contraction of a ferrogel are observed when a magnetic field is applied in the x- and y-directions, respectively. The numerical results were compared with existing experimental work in the literature. A good qualitative agreement was found between numerical and experimental results.
Strategic Entry Points for ECD Investments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Discusses options for strategic entry points in early childhood development (ECD): (1) center-based ECD programs that focus on school readiness; (2) home-based ECD programs for behavior change in health, nutrition, and parenting; (3) communication/media campaigns for families with young children; and (4) conditional cash transfers (CCTs) for families with young children. Although integrated ECD interventions that address the health, nutrition, and early stimulation/learning needs of young children until they transition to primary school are likely to yield the greatest positive results across domains of child development, such integrated interventions throughout early childhood are not always possible, especially in the initial stage of a client's engagement in ECD, and each strategic entry point can be used as a stand-alone tool or in combination with others. Suggestions emphasize a balance between providing evidence-based recommendations (when evidence is available) and conventional wisdom or best practices, as well as the need to identify knowledge gaps.
Brain Abscess Diagnosed by Computerized Tomography: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors describe a case of the brain abscess in the left temporal lobe which was accurately diagnosed by computerized tomography brain scan and complete surgical excision of abscess capsule was accomplis with great success. SUMMARY The case presented by authors was otogenic in origin and diagnosed accurately by the computerized tomographic scan, and total excision of the abscess capsule was performed by two stage operation.
The Effect of Market Power on Bank’s Net Interest Margin: The Moderating Role of Financial Access

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The research focuses on determining the effect of commercial bank’s market power on net interest margin and the moderating role of financial access. The study uses annual data of 33 commercial banks in Indonesia from 2012 to 2019 based on the category of State-Owned Commercial Banks and National Private Commercial Banks. The data is obtained from secondary data, using financial reports published by commercial banks. The data is analyzed using moderated regression analysis to estimate two models, basic model is used to estimate the effect of market power on net interest margin, while the interaction model is used to estimate the moderating effect of financial access. Market power was measured using the Lerner index of each bank. Financial access was measured by the number of branches and the availability of electronic banking channels such as mobile banking, internet banking, and digital branch. The results show that the increase in commercial bank’s market power significantly increases net interest margin. Other results also show that branch and mobile banking & internet banking significantly moderate the effect of market power on the net interest margin, while the digital branch is not significantly moderating the relationship between market power and net interest margin.
Unmasking Southern White evangelicalism in U. S. history education: Racialized theopolitical discourses at work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

White evangelical churches and organizations play a significant role in mobilizing congregants as participants in the white Christian nationalist movement. This fusion of faith and politics has made white evangelicals "ambassadors" of white Christian nationalism (Miller, Citation2022). This paper interrogates the history, theology, and politics of white Christian nationalism to understand its influence in the U. S. educational system, specifically its implications for K-12 history curriculum in public schools. Beginning with current legislation around critical race theory, this paper traces the intersection of evangelical and conservative discourse in the Southern United States. This historical analysis shows how the white, Southern evangelical record on race and racism accommodates the theopolitical ideology of the white Christian nationalist movement. This paper argues the current white evangelical challenges to critical race theory and demands to teach "alternative histories" about America's racial past not only limits discussions around race and power in classrooms but distorts the curriculum with white Christian nationalist tenets disguised as truth.
[Metabolic evaluation at the time of the first renal lithiasis episode].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are little doubts about the need of studying thoroughly every patient with recurrent renal lithiasis. However, the behavior to be followed after the first renal calculi remains controversial. For that reason, we decided to answer a series of questions after which, we formulate our own criteria: Which is the recurrence rate after the first calculi? Has a patient with recurrent lithiasis, the same metabolic disarrangement as a patient who has his first episode? Is the family history of both kidney stone patients the same? Which is the morbility of both groups? We answered these questions with data drawn from 200 of our patients (100 with first episode and 100 with recurrent lithiasis) and a review of the medical literature. The patients with their first episode of lithiasis correspond to the same population of patients with recurrent episodes, but they are detected at different moments of their stone disease. This was concluded since both groups of patients had the same metabolic disarrangement with predominance of hypercalciuria and alteration in uric acid metabolism. Furthermore, the family history was practically the same in both groups (39% in first episode, 41% in recurrent lithiasis) and so was the morbility. Therefore, we propose the following conduct: 1. every patient with renal lithiasis should be studied starting at the first episode, from the urological and metabolic point of view; 2. the initial metabolic studies have to be as extensive as possible in order to aim for specific treatment from the start in order to prevent a recurrence, and in the case of hypercalciuric patients to prevent secondary osteopenia.
Numerical experiment of flow characteristics of tandem arrangement two symmetrical airfoils

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical simulation was performed using a vortex method in order to investigate the fluid mechanical interferences of two tandem airfoils at variable angles of attack. Based on the shape of a vessel or a submarine, the mutual distance between the two airfoils (distance ratio) and the range of angle of attack were chosen. A symmetrical airfoil NACA0012 was used and the Reynolds number was Re = 3.8×10 5 . The setting of distance ratio was L/c = 5.0, the attack angle of airfoils were varied as α = 0, 5, 10 and 15 degrees. As a result of calculations, when both airfoils were the same attack angles, the value of the lift coefficient of the 1st airfoil was larger than the value of the lift coefficient of the 2nd airfoil at all attack angles. It was found that a lift occurs also in one airfoil without an attack angle by mutual interference. And it was shown that the fluid force characteristic of each airfoil of two airfoils differs from the case of single airfoil.
Efficacy of Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy in Reducing Falls

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To assess the short‐term effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation therapy in reducing fall risk in an at‐risk population. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective chart review of 70 patients older than 50 years of age at risk for falls treated at a tertiary vestibular therapy center. Fall risk was assessed by the Berg balance test. RESULTS Vestibular rehabilitation therapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement in Berg balance test scores (pretherapy, 36.8, to posttherapy, 46.4). Referring diagnosis, age, and gender had no impact on outcome. CONCLUSION Vestibular rehabilitation therapy significantly reduces the risk of falls in elderly at‐risk patients with improvement measured at the termination of therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Vestibular rehabilitation therapy plays an important preventive role in reducing falls in at‐risk elderly patients, with beneficial effects seen at termination of therapy. © 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Investigation into the Semantic Density and Semantic Gravity Wave Profile of Teachers When Discussing Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language in chemistry is highly specialized, and for students, transitions in language complexity from high school to university can be extremely challenging. With an increasingly diverse cohort of students enrolled in UK chemistry degree programs, better understanding the linguistic challenges students face is becoming a greater pedagogical priority. Spoken language plays a central role when learning chemistry, and any misunderstandings can lead to misconceptions that can impede students' success in this demanding subject. This small-scale study sought to compare the complexity of spoken-language explanations of the same chemical process within UK secondary (high school) and university contexts. The study involved seven organic chemistry educators/teachers, four based in a UK university and three in a UK high school, discussing electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) via a lecture or screencast. The participants' spoken discourse was transcribed and coded according to the concepts of semantic gravity (the degree to which meaning relates to context) and semantic density (the degree to which meaning is condensed within symbols) drawn from Legitimation Code Theory, and then it was analyzed for semantic waves. When considering semantic gravity, there were some similarities and some differences. In all cases, semantic gravity was weaker, but participants based in a university environment generally tended to exhibit relatively weaker semantic gravity than their school-based counterparts. The school-based participants usually added further explanations to clarify what was meant during an explanation and exhibited semantic waves by unpacking and repacking a concept, whereas the university-based participants tended to show a flatter semantic profile. Findings showed that, across the levels of study investigated, semantic density was stronger: a similar complexity of chemistry-specific vocabulary used by all seven participants, regardless of the audience. Findings have pedagogical implications and suggest that a larger-scale study of semantic waves in oral chemistry discourse could usefully inform specific-purposes language teaching.
Resources for Functional Genomics Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster has become a system of choice for functional genomic studies. Many resources, including online databases and software tools, are now available to support design or identification of relevant fly stocks and reagents or analysis and mining of existing functional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, etc. datasets. These include large community collections of fly stocks and plasmid clones, “meta” information sites like FlyBase and FlyMine, and an increasing number of more specialized reagents, databases, and online tools. Here, we introduce key resources useful to plan large-scale functional genomics studies in Drosophila and to analyze, integrate, and mine the results of those studies in ways that facilitate identification of highest-confidence results and generation of new hypotheses. We also discuss ways in which existing resources can be used and might be improved and suggest a few areas of future development that would further support large- and small-scale studies in Drosophila and facilitate use of Drosophila information by the research community more generally.
Extracorporeal Immunomodulation Therapy in Acute Chronic Liver Failure With Multiorgan Failure: First in Human Use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two patients presented with acute on chronic liver failure and multiorgan failure and, as typical for this disorder, they presented with hyperinflammation and anticipated high mortality rates. Both cases were diagnosed with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Under a FDA approved Investigational Device Exemption clinical trial, they underwent treatment with an extracorporeal cell-directed immunomodulatory device, called selective cytopheretic device. Both patients showed rapid clinical improvement associated with a decline in elevated blood cytokine concentrations and diminution of activation levels of circulating leukocytes. On follow-up, one patient was alive at day 90 after treatment and undergoing liver transplantation evaluation and the other patient had a successful liver transplantation 6 days after selective cytopheretic device therapy ended. These cases represent the first in human evaluation of extracorporeal cell-directed immunomodulation therapy in acute on chronic liver failure with successful clinical outcomes in a disorder with dismal prognosis.
‘Tis Pity She's A Whore

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

First paragraph: Joss Whedon has been praised for his positive representations of women, and the way he has sought to challenge the negative portrayal of marginalised members of society. In the short-lived series Firefly (shown on the US cable channel Fox between September and December 2002) these aspects of his work have the potential to come together in the character of Inara, whose occupation as "Companion" is, as the text makes clear, that of whore. With Inara, Whedon is seeking to incorporate perhaps the most marginalised of women into the text in an ostensibly non-pejorative way. This is more problematic than his earlier attempts to rewrite the role of women, as the discourse around the commercialisation of sex has been a constant source of tension within feminism, with heated debate as to whether prostitution is crucial to the patriarchal affirmation of masculinity or can - in some instances - offer women the possibility of empowerment.
A Thermal Model for Recuperative Heat Engines Operating with Dense Working Fluids

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Currently, there is no commercially available technology for low temperature (below 100°C) heat conversion into mechanical or electrical energy. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a typical technology for low temperature applications. However, ORC plants are rather complex and not economically sound for small-scale applications (40°C) heat conversion. The IE engine works under external heat supply, and thus, almost every type of heat source is accessible. In this work, a mathematical model for transient thermal simulation of recuperative displacer-type IE engines operating with dense working fluids is proposed. The model is based on Nusselt number correlations for the heat transfer prediction and is coupled to the REFPROP 9.1 database yielding thermophysical properties. The first results of a parametric study performed with two different working fluids, namely R134a and carbon dioxide, are presented to show the impact of different operating frequencies on the heat transfer characteristics.
Winter Disturbances and Riverine Fish in Temperate and Cold Regions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Winter is a critical period for aquatic organisms; however, little is known about the ecological significance of its extreme events. Here, we link winter ecology and disturbance research by synthesizing the impacts of extreme winter conditions on riverine habitats and fish assemblages in temperate and cold regions. We characterize winter disturbances by their temporal pattern and abiotic effects, explore how various drivers influence fish, and discuss human alterations of winter disturbances and future research needs. We conclude that (a) more data on winter dynamics are needed to identify extreme events, (b) winter ecology and disturbance research should test assumptions of practical relevance for both disciplines, (c) hydraulic and population models should incorporate winter- and disturbance-specific aspects, and (d) management for sustainability requires that river managers work proactively by including anticipated future alterations in the design of restoration and conservation activities.