jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Strength Design of e-PGS Pinion Considering Dedendum Modification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the gear strength design was conducted, considering dedendum modification to prevent premature tooth contact and minimize unfavorable transmission error for the external pinwheel gear set (e-PGS) system. The distribution of loads of the tooth contact regions was quantified by introducing the load-sharing factor. In addition, the specific sliding, defined as the ratio of the sliding speed to the speed of a transverse profile in the direction tangent to the profile, was analyzed to consider the wear characteristics of the e-PGS pinion. It was confirmed that the increase of the center distance modification coefficient, one of the key design parameters, resulted in reductions in both contact and root bending stresses, as well as the lower specific sliding.
Abstract TP475: Effect of Udenafil, a Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor, on Angiogenesis in a Cav-1 Deficient Moyamoya Disease Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although pathogenic mechanisms of moyamoya disease remain unknown, recent studies suggest that it is a caveolae disease. This study evaluated the effect of udenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on vessel maturation in in vitro and in vivo moyamoya disease models. Methods: Angiogenesis and vessel maturation were assessed in in vitro models, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) knockdown human umbilical vessel endothelial cells (HUVECs) and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and in in vivo model of bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion (bICAo). Udenafil was administered (1,3,10 and 30 μM) in cell culture conditions, and functional studies (migration and tube formation assay) were performed and vessel maturation factors and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation were measured. Udenafil (3 and 10 mg/kg) was orally administered once daily for 4 weeks in bICAo rat model, and histological analysis for angiogenesis and vessel maturation was performed. Results: Udenafil increased vessel formation in both Cav-1 knockdown HUVEC and bICAo models without increased migration/proliferation of HUVECs and CASMCs. Udenafil increased CD31+ vessel density and NG2/Col4+ mural cell density in bICAo models. Cav-1 knockdown inhibited accumulation of cGMP, and udenafil treatment restored cGMP levels in Cav-1 knockdown HUVEC models. Vessel maturation factors (angiopoietin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β) and angiogenic factors (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) were increased after treatment with udenafil in vitro . Conclusion: Our results indicate that udenafil reversed cellular levels of cGMP related to Cav-1 deficiency and induced angiogenesis and vessel maturation. Further studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic effects of this strategy in moyamoya disease.
Haematological investigations upon acute intoxication with carbofuran in dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Experiments formonitoring of changes in haematological parameterswere carried out in dogs after acute intoxicationwith the carbamate insecticide carbofuran (Carbosan 35 ST). The studies involved one control and 6 experimental groups of dogs (total n=42), treated once orally with increasing doses of the preparation via oesophageal probe: 0.525 mg/kg (experimental group I), 1.05 mg/kg (experimental group II), 2.1 mg/kg (experimental group III), 3.5 mg/kg (experimental group IV), 5.25 mg/kg (experimental group V) and 10.5 mg/kg (LD ), (experimental group VI), corresponding to 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/3, 1/2 and LD , 50 50 oral doses for albino rats. Blood samples were obtained from v. antebrachi cephalica or v. jugularis in the course of 3 consecutive days prior to the treatment (hours -48, -24 and 0) and on post treatment hours 1, 3, 5, 7, 24 and 48 from all groups for analysis of blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haemoglobin content (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), differential white cell counts (DWC) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). It was established that the tested carbamate insecticide caused decrease RBC, HGB and LYM, and increased the levels of WBC and banded neutrophils between post treatment hours 1 and 24; afterwards, the studied parameters regained the respective control values
Oscillation Criteria of Fourth-Order Differential Equations with Delay Terms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to derive oscillation criteria of the following fourth-order differential equation with delay term r x z ′ ′ ′ x γ ′ + ∑ i = 1 n q i x f z η i x = 0 , under the assumption ∫ x 0 ∞ r − 1 / γ s d s = ∞ . The results are based on comparison with the oscillatory behaviour of second-order delay equations and the generalised Riccati transformation. Not only do the provided theorems provide an entirely new technique but also they vastly improve on a number of previously published conclusions. We give three examples to illustrate our findings.
Catalog of first motion focal mechanisms 1981-1983; Volume 2

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

because the either the quality and/or quantity of first motions was not sufficient to control the nodal planes of the focal mechanism. COMPUTATIONS:The focal mechanism solutions for this catalog were computed interactively rather than by a program that produces automatic solutions.Tables 91,107, 125, 135, 150, 157 and 169shows the focal mechanism parameters for each of the geographic subdivisions of volume 2. The focal angles which are listed in this catalog and plotted on lower hemisphere focal sphere projections in figures 36-39, 41-45, 47-49, 51, 54, 56, 57, 59,and 61 were derived from the Earth model of Jeffreys and Bullen (1958).[41][42][43][44][45] 47, 49,[51][52][53][54][56][57] and 59,61 , ordered by event number (table 91), show the nodal plane configuration; the P, T, and B axes of the focal mechanism; and the the station data used.The size of the symbols on these focal sphere solutions depend on the source of the first motions.The large symbols denote long-period P phase first motions and the small symbols denote the short-period P phase first motions. DATA SOURCES:The first motion data were obtained from the following three sources: (l) The first motions determined by the on-site station analysts that are reported to the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) ; (2) first motions determined by U.S. Gelogical Syrvey personnel from seismograms of the World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN); (3) first motions obtained from the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN).Individual station data, ordered by distance from the event, are shown as tables 92-106, 108-124, 126-134,136-148, 149-156, 158-168 and 170. .The codes and locations for the stations used in these tables are listed in the abbreviation table (table 92), Presgrave,needham and Minsch (1985).These station data tables also show: distance in degrees; azimuth in degrees from the event to the station; dt/dA in seconds/degree; focal angles in degrees; and the quality,direction and source of the first motions.
A Prospective Observational Study on Changing Trends of Antiepileptics Prescription Amongst Physicians in India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epilepsy is one of the common neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Multiple class of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available which makes it difficult to select an appropriate drug therapy for epilepsy. With introduction of newer generation of antiepileptics, the drug Pool has become wider. Factors which determine the selection of therapy includes seizure type, adverse effect, drug-drug interaction, age, pregnancy, cost of treatment and drug compliance. Though the older generation of antiepileptics were effective in controlling seizures, we found that newer generation of antiepileptics are gaining popularity among the prescriber. Reason for this shift being, better efficacy, fewer side effect and better compliance by the patients. We completed the study with the conclusion that newer antiepileptic especially levetiracetam, are more preferred by doctors in comparison with older antiepileptic drugs for control of seizures, though previous generation of antiepileptics has still role in management of epilepsy and individualistic approach is needed in choosing appropriate antiepileptics.
Emerging Literacies in Online Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online learning is becoming integral to the experience of increasing numbers of students in higher education. This can range from courses delivered entirely online through to different manifestations of e-learning where students study part of their course electronically, or to simple e-mail exchanges between tutors and students. Despite the written nature of the texts produced in these learning environments, to date little attention has been paid to them as writing. In response, this paper is concerned with the written construction of meaning making in online learning. Building on the perspective that literacies are central to the learning experience, it draws on data from student messages, to each other, in an online postgraduate course in professional education and argues that we should approach these online textual interactions as sites of academic writing. The paper highlights evidence of ‘intertextuality’, ‘metadiscourse’ and ‘epistemic modality’ in students’ message postings. It suggests that in foregrounding these textual features it is possible to unpack the nature of the writing and emerging literacies in online learning. It concludes that student messages are institutionally significant spaces for the negotiation of ownership and authority in the meaning making process
Hemophilus influenzae subconjunctival abscess in an adult patient: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subconjunctival abscesses following bacterial conjunctivitis are rare as few bacterial species can penetrate intact conjunctiva. This case reports a Hemophilus influenzae (HI) subconjunctival abscess in an immunocompetent adult. This case presented as unilateral bacterial conjunctivitis, with significant redness and discharge. However, the presumed conjunctivitis did not show any improvement with the initial topical antibiotics treatment. Further examination revealed a superior conjunctival abscess with purulent discharge; hence, the patient was started on topical and oral antibiotics, with complete resolution in 4 weeks. Bacteriological cultures of the discharge revealed HI. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive clinical examination and the use of microbiology investigations to aid in the diagnosis of atypical conjunctivitis cases.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Blood Proteins of Jintang Black Goat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic polymorphisms of transferring(Tf), post albumin(Pa), and albumin(Alb) in blood of Jintang black goat were assayed by native PAGE, and genetic distance by Ou was calculated between Jintang black goat with seven other goat breeds or population, such as Chengdu Ma goat and Xiangdong black goat. Polymorphisms of both Tf and Pa were observed in Jintang black goat, while Alb allele showed no polymorphism. Genotype distribution of Tf and Pa followed Hardy weinberg law. In Jintang black goat population, the genetic homozyosity is high, the gene diversity is low, and the average effective allele number is low, these results show that Jintang black goat is a good genetic resource of goat.
Construction of a data dependent analysis (DDA) yeast cDNA microarray experiment for use in toxicogenomics.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA microarrays are becoming increasingly popular in toxicogenomic studies. It is common knowledge that multiple repeats of microarray experiments have to be performed with multiple samples to get reliable data, due to experimental variations (both technical and biological) contained in microarray experiments. However, the use of multiple samples and replicate experiments is not practical in the field of environmental toxicology, since environmental samples are limited and microarray experiments are expensive. Thus it is desirable to obtain reliable data from a minimum number of repeats of microarray experiments. To further establish and extend gene expression profiling for toxicogenomics using microarrays, it is necessary to establish an analytical method of microarrays for toxicogenomics. In this study, we attempted to construct a "Data Dependent Analysis (DDA)" yeast cDNA microarray experiment from 100 microarray datasets in order to get reliable data from one microarray experiment.
Semiotics at Discursive Texts and Images in Online News

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper established an inappropriate relationship of text and image that should interact in one whole package of online news. It applied Semiotics analysis to go under the problems occurred. The analysis was developed to respond the question: why should be the text and image in online news associated? Do they match? Developed in three levels of analysis processes-analysis of relevant engagement in text and image; extended analysis of discursive relationship involved in news that turned to hoax; the intention of attaching the misplaced image to the text. This paper used qualitative Semiotics analysis to illustrate malfunction of text and image in online news. It is wished to be able to enhance the accuracy of a news.Â Â
Mathematics, Abstraction and Ontology: Benet Perera and the Impossibility of a Neutral Science of Reality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A well-established historiography has pointed out the distinction between first philosophy and theology, proposed by Benet Perera (Pererius) in his De communibus, as the “birth” of modern ontology. Ontology is often defined as an independent or neutral science by modern authors as well as contemporary scholars. This paper aims to show the way in which Perera comes to this distinction, after a long reflection on the status of mathematics and abstractions of theoretical sciences matured during his lectures at the Collegio Romano (shown by different manuscripts). Interestingly, it appears that after the subject of ontology is removed from its (causal) relationship with God and rational theology, ontology does not seem to acquire the status of neutral and universal science that Perera sought. Ontology becomes, in fact, a science dependent on the definitions provided by other disciplines and sciences, such as logic and mathematics. Following these recent findings, the paper also provides a renewed confrontation between the ontologies of the Jesuits Perera and Suarez
Efficient WENO library for OpenFOAM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The weighted essentially non oscillating (WENO) concept is well established in research and its advantages are known, however, implementation details such as memory demand hindered the usage for general applications and general purpose libraries for many open source CFD tools do not yet exist. This paper introduces a WENO library for OpenFOAM and describes an efficient implementation. The large memory demand of the scheme is solved be reusing already calculated stencil sets and storing them in a data bank, giving a possible memory reduction of over 90%. A new class is implemented to allow the reconstruction of the stencil list on highly decomposed meshes by reconstructing a regional mesh around each processor. This avoids accuracy deficiency and stability problems at the processor boundary. Lastly, the performance of the implemented scheme is demonstrated by a standard Taylor Green Vortex test case.
The impact of dental caries on the oral health-related quality of life in children

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

<p>Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the level to which dental caries and socio-demographic factors impact the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a sample of Amish children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was embedded within a pilot study of medical management of caries in the primary dentition using silver nitrate. Parents were asked to complete a baseline questionnaire which included questions regarding socio-demographics and an OHRQoL questionnaire- a 16-item Parent Perception Questionnaire (PPQ). Parents were also asked to make a global rating of their child’s oral health status and its impact on the child’s overall wellbeing. Oral examinations were completed by two previously trained and calibrated dentists for the assessment of dental caries experience. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed including the Spearman Correlation and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariable linear modeling was used to model the covariate effects on OHRQoL.</p><p>Results: 77 children were analyzed. OHRQoL was negatively impacted by caries as per the Oral Domain of the PPQ (p < .02) and the global oral health status rating (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between males and females in the OHRQoL outcome measures (p > 0.05). The effect of income on OHRQoL was tenuous as the results were inconsistent. Conclusions: According to parents’ perceptions, a higher caries experience was associated with a poorer oral health status rating and had a negative impact on oral symptoms as they related to the OHRQoL of the children. Finally, there may be cultural differences regarding the value and/or expectations of oral health.</p>
Insights into maternal diet for the prevention of childhood leukaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nutrition plays a crucial role in wellbeing and is being increasingly recognised as an environmental factor in the development of disease.During pregnancy, maternal diet influences foetal development, playing a role not only in the prevention of neural tube defects and malformations, but also in the susceptibility to disease later in life.Certain micronutrients, such as folates, are involved in the maintenance of genome integrity, which is compromised in cancer.A deficiency in these nutrients can therefore be relevant in carcinogenic processes.The early onset of childhood leukaemia implies that it originates already in utero, where environmental factors can interfere with the healthy development of the foetus.Population studies have found an association between maternal intake of folic acid and multivitamins and a reduced risk in the development of leukaemia in the offspring.Although the supplementation of vitamins is recommended during pregnancy, the adequate dosage and nutrient combinations need to be further elucidated to fully maximise their protective role.
A microsimulation study of bus priority system with pre-signaling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The provision of transit priority has been shown to improve the performance of public transport, which is a more efficient consumer of energy and space than private transport. On the other hand, the implementation of transit priority may also have disadvantages and penalize the general traffic. Thus, the design of the transit priority needs to balance these two opposing effects. This research aims to implement a bus priority system that utilizes a dedicated bus lane terminated upstream of the intersection, along with an additional signal, known as a pre-signal, at this location. A wide literature exists with studies of adaptive control pre-signals that are primarily focused on isolated intersections and concern simple traffic schemes. The current study investigates the performances of pre-signals in more realistic contexts through microsimulation and focuses specifically on two issues: the position of the pre-signal with respect to the main signal and the application domain of pre-signal strategies compared to the standard layouts of bus lanes, either continuous or interrupted.
W eever, J ohn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

John Weever (1575/76–1632), satirist, poet, epigrammist, and antiquarian, is primarily remembered for Ancient funerall monuments (1631), an 871‐page work cataloguing ancient, medieval, and contemporary epitaphs. Since many of these physical epitaphs have been lost, Weever's transcriptions and commentaries have proved invaluable to scholars. Weever is also known for his satirical verses: he published five books of epigrams and satires, and attempted to follow the model of his lauded mentor Ben Jonson, although his efforts in this regard were ridiculed by his contemporaries.
Conserving the Councillor: A Case for Widespread Local Officeholding

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Guided by participatory and deliberative conceptions of democracy, local governments have embraced the need for increased citizen participation in decision‐making. Yet, at the same time, a systematic reduction in the number of councillor seats has seen a precipitous decline in opportunities to participate in the council chamber. With specific reference to the Australian case, this paper seeks to explain this incongruity, suggesting that the answer lies in the wide adoption of democratic theorists' narrow conceptualisation of the role of the councillor. Viewed solely as representatives, whether in the corporate, mirror, or delegate mode, councillors are valued only insofar as they prove instrumental to an efficient and responsive system of governance. Their participation, itself, is not intrinsically valued. Drawing on novel and extant empirical evidence to demonstrate the participatory virtues of officeholding, this paper argues that when due regard is afforded to councillors' participatory role, a normative case for widespread — and more inclusive — officeholding emerges.
Adaptive Load Regulation Technique of Distribution Transformer Based on Power Electronic Switch

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To cope with the loss and voltage issues caused by the load long-term change and short-term fluctuation in the power system, an adaptive load regulation technique for the distribution transformer is proposed in this paper. Since the operation of the existing transformer capacity regulation methods is complex, the multi-winding parallel-wound (MWPW) structure is proposed, which can flexibly change the transformer capacity mode. Meanwhile, conventional on-load tap changer (OLTC) employs the mechanical switch, which suffers from electrical contact wear, mechanical component degradation, and operating speed limitation. Power electronic OLTC (PE-OLTC) has been proposed to improve performances during the voltage regulation. Consequently, an effective switch control strategy is required. Therefore, a dual zero-crossing detection (DZCD) control strategy for PE-OLTC is proposed. The proposed strategy mitigates the stress on IGBT during the voltage regulation process and overcomes the drawbacks of mechanical OLTC. The simulation model is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive load regulation technique.