jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An osteopathic approach to carpal tunnel syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common cause of medical and workforce-related expenses in the United States. It is also frustrating for patients who have difficulty using the affected hand, impairing their activities of daily living and decreasing their quality of life. By utilizing the philosophy of osteopathic medicine, providers can better implement a treatment plan by working with the patient to find one that incorporates all aspects of the patient’s environment. By using the practice of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT), osteopathic physicians can often effectively treat the patient’s symptoms without side effects found in medications. This is especially useful in patients who may be unable to take certain medications, such as pregnant patients. Other treatment modalities are also reviewed in this manuscript.
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS Circulating Sex Steroids, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, and Longitudinal Changes in Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women and Men: The Tromsø Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Bone loss during advancing age in women and men is partly the result of sex steroid deficiency. As the contribution of circulating sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to bone loss remains uncertain, we sought to determine whether levels of sex steroids or SHBG predict change in bone mineral density (BMD) in women and men. A population-based study in the city of Tromsø of 6.5 years ’ duration (range 5.4-7.4) included 927 postmenopausal women aged 37–80 years and 894 men aged 25–80 years. Total estradiol and testosterone, calcu-lated free levels, and SHBG were measured at baseline, and BMD change at the distal forearm was determined using BMD measurements in 1994–1995 and 2001. Bone loss was detected in postmenopausal women and men. Free estradiol and SHBG predicted age-adjusted bone loss in postmenopausal women, but only free estradiol was asso-ciated after further adjustment for body mass index and smoking in mixed models (P &lt; 0.05). After same adjust-ment, only SHBG persisted as a significant independent predictor of bone loss in men (P &lt; 0.001). However, only 1 % of the variance in bone loss was accounted for by these measurements. We therefore conclude that the relations between sex steroids and bone loss are weak and mea-surements of sex steroids are unlikely to assist in clinical decision making.
Data from PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246 Induces Apoptosis and Tumor Growth Delay in Small Cell Lung Cancer Expressing Mutant p53

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant disease with poor prognosis, necessitating the need to develop new and efficient treatment modalities. PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup> (p53-dependent reactivation of massive apoptosis), also known as APR-246, is a small molecule, which restores tumor suppressor function to mutant p53 and induces cancer cell death in various cancer types. Since p53 is mutated in more than 90% of SCLC, we investigated the ability of PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup> to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in SCLC with different p53 mutations.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> The therapeutic effect of PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246 was studied in SCLC cells <i>in vitro</i> using cell viability assay, fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis, p53 knockdown studies, and Western blot analyses. The antitumor potential of PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246 was further evaluated in two different SCLC xenograft models.</p><p><b>Results:</b> PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246 efficiently inhibited the growth of the SCLC cell lines expressing mutant p53 <i>in vitro</i> and induced apoptosis, associated with increased fraction of cells with fragmented DNA, caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, Bax and Noxa upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation in the cells. The growth suppressive effect of PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246 was markedly reduced in SCLC cell lines transfected with p53 siRNA, supporting the role of mutant p53 in PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246-induced cell death. Moreover, <i>in vivo</i> studies showed significant antitumor effects of PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup> after i.v. injection in SCLC mouse models with no apparent toxicity.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study is the first to show the potential use of p53-reactivating molecules such as PRIMA-1<sup>Met</sup>/APR-246 for the treatment of SCLC. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2830–41. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Relationships between the health of Alaska Native communities and our environment -- phase 1, exploring and communicating

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Alaska Natives depend on local natural resources for nutritional and, for many, spiritual health. As a result, public health in Alaska is strongly influenced by the relationship between people and their surrounding physical, chemical, and biological environments. Alaska is vast with diverse wildlife and plant communities that are valued as subsistence foods (fig. 1). These resources are supported by equally diverse ecosystems and their underpinning landforms and geologies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is attempting to integrate physical, chemical, and biological information to better describe current (2013) environments and project scenarios for the future. Integrating ecological data into the public health dialogue is challenging for the more than 280 rural communities of Alaska. This fact sheet reviews a recent USGS effort, the Geographic Information System (GIS) Native Health Project, to better incorporate scientific information into such dialogue.
The future of pre-contractual information duties: from behavioural insights to big data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to reflect upon the future of pre-contractual information duties as a regulatory tool in EU consumer law. Until now information duties or mandated disclosures are among the most popular regulatory instruments in EU consumer legislation. However, a growing body of research from behavioural economics, psychology and neuroscience has questioned the information paradigm that constitutes a hallmark of EU consumer law. While there seems to be a broad consensus that the old information model dating back to the 1970s is no longer viable, it is less clear which regulatory approach shall replace it. This article discusses different alternative approaches that could revive or replace the information-based approach. It is argued that information duties as a regulatory tool can have a future if they adapt to the insights from behavioural research and embrace the possibilities of modern technology.Following a brief introduction, section 2 outlines the conceptual foundations of the information paradigm and shows how duties of disclosure have become a key feature of EU consumer legislation. Section 3 addresses the limitations of the information-based approach which have been identified by psychological and behavioural research. In section 4 several regulatory alternatives to the current information model are being discussed. Section 5 looks at how in the near future a more technological approach to disclosure based on Big Data analytics could lead to a transformation of the information model from standardized to personalized disclosures.
Electrocoagulation as a Remedial Approach for Phosphorus Removal from Onsite Wastewater: A Review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs), although essential for managing domestic sewage in areas without centralized sewerage treatment plants, often release phosphorus (P) into the environment due to inadequate treatment. This unregulated P discharge exacerbates water quality degradation and jeopardizes aquatic habitats and human health. Among different treatment technologies, electrocoagulation (EC) demonstrates considerable potential for addressing this challenge by efficiently removing P from OWTSs and thus protecting water resources and ecological integrity. Through electrochemical reactions, EC destabilizes and aggregates P-bearing particles, facilitating their removal through precipitation. Compared to conventional treatment approaches, i.e., chemical and biological methods, EC offers several advantages, including high efficiency, minimal chemical usage, and adaptability to varying wastewater compositions. This review underscores the urgent need for mitigating P discharge from OWTSs and the efficacy of EC as a sustainable solution for P removal, offering insights into its mechanisms, reactor design considerations, important operational factors, performance, and potential applications in OWTSs as well as providing future research directions.
The importance of mammography in the prevention of breast cancer in women in Norway

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Breast cancer in women in the world is the dominant cancer and the main cause of death in this population.In the last decade, the number of new cases of this cancer has increased significantly, especially among women over 50 years of age. In Norway, however, positive epidemiological trends can be observed in the form of high relative five-year survival rates and a decrease in mortality due to breast cancer. The aim of the study is to present the recommendations and effects of the mammography program in women in Norway for the prevention of breast cancer. Material and methods. The study uses the method of review and analysis of literature from databases of scientific journals - mainly PubMed. The search used the following keywords: "breast cancer", "Norway", "mammography", "women". In addition, Norwegian statistical registers on demographic data were also analysed. Results. It should be emphasized that women in Norway are very interested in mammography screening, which means that breast cancer in this country is most often diagnosed at an early stage of development. The Norwegian Research Council found that mammography has reduced women's mortality from breast cancer by more than 20%. In 2023, the five-year survival rate for women with breast cancer in Norway was high, at 92.7%. There was also a decrease in mortality from 694 deaths in 2005 to 619 in 2022. Conclusions. National and international cooperation should be continued, sharing experiences in health-promoting activities aimed at improving epidemiological indicators and quality of life of women with breast cancer, and conducting scientific research in this area.
A Queensland specimen record of thin-billed Prion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A live Thin-billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri was found by an island worker between Eurong Beach and Hook Point, Fraser Island, south-east Queensland in September, 1973 and donated to Mr.W. Dunmall of Murimbirra Park, Torquay, Queensland. The bird died overnight and was mounted by the recipient shortly afterwards. In this form, the specimen was donated by the Fauna Conservation Branch, Department of Primary Industries, to the Queensland Museum on 10 July, It was later prepared as an excellent cabinet skin with wings outspread, registered QM 015548.
Can We Hear Manu (Gandhi) Speak?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1942, the recently bereaved Manu Gandhi arrived in Sevagram ashram, Wardha, to serve the aged Mahatma and his ailing wife Kasturba. In 1943, she was called to Poona, where the Mahatma and his associates were jailed. During that time, Manu began keeping a regular diary. Translated and published in 2019, the diary throws open the inner world of a lesser known Gandhi. This review article is a discursive reading of Manu’s daily diary. It begins by locating women in general and Manu in particular in contemporary Gandhiana. The contents of the diary are discussed subsequently, the focus being primarily on Manu as a young woman. Put differently, the article explores Manu’s feminine self (identity and agency) and its interface with larger questions of history such as nationalism and patriarchy. Finally, in an interrogative mode, it examines the possibility of retrieval of Manu’s (a woman’s) hitherto inaudible voice.
Online monitoring & classification of blood pressure profiles.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chinese pulse wave diagnosis had remained a subjective art in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for over 2000 years, until a recent 2006 study, which developed classification indices of the waveforms. The waveforms were classified based on wave parameters such as the wave length, relative phase difference, rate parameters and peak ratio. Western medicine has started using pulse wave analysis in the past two decades, though only in the field of circulation and cardiovascular diseases. However, the methods of measuring blood pressure have been established for nearly a century. Combining both the Western techniques of blood pressure measurement and Chinese Pulse diagnosis, many researchers have worked to computerize the wave pattern matching and automate the pulse diagnosis process. In this study, we seek to use direct pressure sensing method to obtain the pulse wave and analyze the frequency components of the wave via a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency signatures and their amplitudes were studied from the resultant power spectrums. These signatures were then analyzed for patterns to aid in the classification of the different types of waves. Before experimental pulse wave acquisition, existing pulse wave patterns were simulated and analyzed. From the results of this experimental study, the effects of this analysis technique are studied and improvements for further research in this field have been suggested.
Metrology for next generation “Phygital Sensors”

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Commonly speaking a 'sensor' is a device that produces an output signal quantitatively related to a certain physical phenomenon; if the output signal is provided in a digital form, it is referred in terms of 'digital sensor'. As is known, these devices are produced in the order of million/week and are widely used for the management of "smart systems" now commonplace in everyday life, such as automotive, domotics, smart-industry, cooperative robotics ("cobots"), robotic assisted surgery, as well as for advanced monitoring of infrastructures and ecosystems; moreover, digital sensors are the foundation of the "digital twins" technology development, and support the actualization of the "Digital Earth" purposes. However, in many cases, since these sensors manage interaction processes with humans (e.g., driver assistant control, physiological data, remote surgery, environmental hazard…), their technological performance must be actually recognized as safe and trustworthy. Recently, both manufacturers and end users have begun to question the actual reliability of sensors used in particularly complex applications, and see value in traceable chain to calibration and accreditation national laboratories. Indeed, the methods applied for metrological calibration of measuring instruments, against primary or secondary standards, can allow to accurately quantify the performance of these sensors, with respect to traceable physical quantities, providing certified statements of the effective 'sensitivity' (and related uncertainties), as the ratio between the digital output (reaction) and the physical input (stimulus). In that meaning, once calibrated, a digital sensor can be properly considered as a physical-digital sensor, i.e. a device, interfacing the physical world, sensitive to a specific variation of a known physical quantity, and able to convert it into a digital signal output (with known accuracy, precision and reliability), readable for an observer, exploitable by interconnected instruments, and for actuators control. Currently, although no pertinent Standards are yet available for the calibration of 'physical-digital sensors', some National Metrology Institutes are putting into practice appropriate calibration procedures and methods to fill this important lack, as described in this paper.
Teaching Values’ Programme: It’s Impact on Urban Children (5-7 Years)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of teaching values programme on urban children. The study was based upon the sample of 450 children of a randomly selected school of Ludhiana City. A ‘teaching values’ programme was designed to inculcate eleven universal values in children by means of stories, songs, discussion, art etc. A self-structured teaching values questionnaire was used to collect relevant data for the present study. The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the proportion of scores of the children of the experimental and control group at all age levels. No significant gender differences were found among children between 5-7 years of age in both the experimental and the control group. Statistically significant differences were also present among children of experimental and control group across all age levels.
Beyond deterrence: Uncertain stability in the nuclear era

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper identifies profound contradictions within and across nuclear deterrence strategies that evolved in response to the proliferation and modernization of nuclear weapons. To reconcile theory with practice, we summarize the theoretical assumptions and implications of nuclear strategy. Informed by these discussions, we develop a decision-theoretic model of deterrence based on power transition theory. We explore conditions for the stability of deterrence and link outcomes to policy decisions. The conditions for conflict emerge when a dissatisfied nuclear nation is threatened with conventional loss, when conventional and nuclear parity is achieved and if dissatisfied non-state actors acquire even minimal nuclear capabilities.
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CERTAIN PIERCING SUCKING PESTS INFESTING SUGAR BEET CROP AND THEIR ASSOCIATED NATURAL ENEMIES IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present work was carried out at Diarb-Nigm district, Sharkia Governorate, during the two successive growing sugar beet seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, to study the population fluctuation of certain sucking pests and their associated natural enemies.The obtained results showed that the population fluctuation of common aphid Myzus perseica (Sulzer) and Aphis craccivora Koch, leafhopper Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) , Empoasca decedens (Paoli), Nezara verdulla Lins and two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (Sayeg) and their associated natural enemies of predator mite Amblyseius swirskii as well as the effect of temperature and relative humidity.The aforementioned insect pest species were collected by two different methods from sugar beet plants using direct counting (plant sample) and sweep net.The obtained results showed that the plant sample proved to be the best method to collect aphid, green bug insect species and twospotted spider mite of the present work, while the sweep net proved to be the best technique to collect the leafhopper insect species.The seasonal abundance of M. persicae on sugar beet plants recorded two peaks for M. persicae.The first one was occurred at 2 nd week of December, the second peak was found at 4 th week of January.The leafhopper E. decipiens and E. decedens were recorded two peaks, the first peak was recorded at 2 nd week of Novamber, while the second peak was occurred at 1 st week of February for E. decipiens and E. decedens for the two seasons, respectively.Two peaks were recorded for N. verdulla the first one was occurred at 2 nd week of December, while the second peak was recorded at 1 st week of February.The mite (adult and immature stages) recorded two peaks, the first peak of adults and immature stages at 2 nd week of October 2010/2011 and 4 th week of October 2011/2012, respectively.The first peak of eggs at 2 nd week of October 2010/2011 and 1 st week of November 2011/2012, respectively.The second peak was recorded for mite (adult, immature stages and eggs), the second peak of adults at 3 rd week of March 2010/2011 and 4 th week of March 2011/2012,of immature stages at 2 nd week of November 2010/2011 and 3 rd week of March 2011/2012 and of eggs at 4 th week of October 2010/2011 and 3rd week of March 2011/2012, respectively.Two peaks were recorded for predator mite A. swirskii.The first peak at 4 th week of February 2010/2011and 2011/2012, respectively.The second peak was recorded at 4th week of March 2010/2011and 2011/2012, respectively.This research aims to utilize the obtained results in developing the IPM programs against these pests on sugar beet plants through activation the effect of both temperature and relative humidity on insect numbers.
Challenges of the building material industry in China : a case study of Shanghai's Advance Materials Co. Ltd.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This report studies challenges facing the building materials industry in China. A case study on the Advanced Materials Co. Ltd. of Shanghai, a state-owned enterprise, is carried out to aid the development of this report. The report explores issues that this company encountered with regard to changes in its business environment especially with China’s entry into the WTO. Porter’s Five Forces Theory and Value Chain Analysis are used to study the existing strategies that this company is using. Furthermore, the authors also make recommendations to allow the company to enhance its long-term growth and competitive advantage. On the whole, the analysis shows that this profit-driven company is well positioned to take on challenges faced by the industry in the foreseeable future.
Intra-abdominal Bleeding as a Result of Segmental Mediolytic Arteritis of an Omental Artery: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A seventy-three-year-old woman with intra-abdominal bleeding secondary to a ruptured omental artery was operated on successfully. Preoperatively an emergency angiogram showed patchy areas of narrowing and beading in the affected artery. The pathologic finding in the ruptured omental artery was segmental mediolytic arteritis, characterized by segmental disruption of the medial smooth muscle cells and the initiation of mediolysis. The authors report this rare case of spontaneous intra-abdominal hemorrhage.
The effectiveness of national and EU-level civil protection systems: evidence from 17 member states

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A number of high profile crises and disasters have driven the EU to increase cooperation among its member states in the area of civil protection and to enhance its capacity to conduct civil protection operations in Europe and around the world. However, in the light of recent transboundary crises in the EU, manifested by the refugee crisis, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters, it is far from clear how effective such cooperative EU arrangements can be due to differences in the way national civil protection has been organized and due to the question of whether sufficient trust exists within and between the involved organizations. In this article, drawing from a unique study of civil protection agencies in 17 EU member states, and utilizing theories on crisis management, public administration and trust, we shed light on the factors that promote national and EU-level effectiveness in civil protection and crisis management.