jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 700: Characterization of the mode of action of Fenretinide treatment in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is a highly malicious childhood malignancy characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation encoding the oncogenic transcription factor PAX3-FOXO1. As aRMS cells are addicted to the tumor-specific fusion protein, it may serve as an ideal therapeutic target. Previously, we have identified from a large drug library screen the compound Fenretinide (retinoic acid p-hydroxyanilide), which is already in clinical use, to affect both PAX3-FOXO1 expression as well as aRMS cell viability. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the mode of action of Fenretinide in more detail. First, we were able to show that Fenretinide induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. A more detailed characterization revealed that the Fenretinide-induced ROS derived from an interaction of Fenretinide around complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to the production of superoxides. ROS scavenging as well as complexing of iron ions completely abolished cell death. To identify the mode of cell death involved, we then used a range of pharmacological inhibitors of specific cell death pathways including Z-vad (pan -caspase inhibitor), Necrostatin-1 (necroptosis pathway inhibitor (RIP-1 kinase inhibitor)), 3-Methyadenine (3-MA) (autophagy pathway inhibitor (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor)) and Ferrostatin (ferroptosis pathway inhibitor) during Fenretinide treatment. Surprisingly, none of these inhibitors alone was able to prevent cell death and even different combinations were not sufficient to completely inhibit cell death. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated depletion of key players in the apoptotic and necroptotic pathway (Bak, Bax and RIPK1) confirmed the pharmacological data. We therefore conclude that other, less characterized cell death pathways or a combination of several pathways including apoptosis and necroptosis might be crucial. Interestingly, electron microscopic examination of cells pointed towards an excessive accumulation of vacuoles to be characteristic. Taken together, our data show that Fenretinide shows high potential for the treatment of aRMS, inducing several forms of cell death mediated through the production of ROS. These properties open the search for additional compounds acting in a combinatorial manner. Citation Format: Eva Brack, Marco Wachtel, Beat W. Schaefer. Characterization of the mode of action of Fenretinide treatment in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 700. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-700
Prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. The infection affects people's health and safety as well as agropastoral sector. In China, human echinococcosis is a major public health burden, especially in western China. Echinococcosis affects people health as well as agricultural and pastoral economy. Therefore, it is important to understand the prevalence status and spatial distribution of human echinococcosis in order to advance our knowledge of basic information for prevention and control measures reinforcement.Report data on echinococcosis were collected in 370 counties in China in 2018 and were used to assess prevalence and spatial distribution. SPSS 21.0 was used to obtain the prevalence rate for CE and AE. For statistical analyses and mapping, all data were processed using SPSS 21.0 and ArcGIS 10.4, respectively. Chi-square test and Exact probability method were used to assess spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering.A total of 47,278 cases of echinococcosis were recorded in 2018 in 370 endemic counties in China. The prevalence rate of human echinococcosis was 10.57 per 10,000. Analysis of the disease prevalence showed obvious spatial positive autocorrelation in globle spatial autocorrelation with two aggregation modes in local spatial autocorrelation, namely high-high and low-high aggregation areas. The high-high gathering areas were mainly concentrated in northern Tibet, western Qinghai, and Ganzi in the Tibetan Autonomous Region and in Sichuan. The low-high clusters were concentrated in Gamba, Kangma and Yadong counties of Tibet. In addition, spatial scanning analysis revealed two spatial clusters. One type of spatial clusters included 71 counties in Tibet Autonomous Region, 22 counties in Qinghai, 11 counties in Sichuan, three counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, two counties in Yunnan, and one county in Gansu. In the second category, six types of spatial clusters were observed in the counties of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the Qinghai, Gansu, and Sichuan Provinces.This study showed a serious prevalence of human echinococcosis with obvious spatial aggregation of the disease prevalence in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the "hot spot" area of human echinococcosis in China. Findings from this study indicate that there is an urgent need of joint strategies to strengthen efforts for the prevention and control of echinococcosis in China, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Penyelesaian Kasus Jarimah Ikhtilat Di Gayo Menurut Hukum Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research discusses "The settlement of the Jarimah Ikhtilat case in Gayo according to Islamic law". The formulation of the problem put forward is (1). How is the settlement of Jarimah ikhtilath according to Gayo customary law? (2) How is the settlement of Jarimah ikhtilath in Gayo according to Islamic law? This research is descriptive analysis. Using a qualitative approach, namely research describing the results of objective research on situations encountered in the field and analyzed according to Islamic law. The conclusion of this study shows that the customary legal sanctions given to ikhtilath actors in Gayo are a fine of one complete goat or a fine on the agreement of the village sarak opat. If viewed according to Islamic law, that customary law sanctions do not contradict the concept of Islamic law. Because, in Islam it is stipulated that the perpetrator of ikhtilath is part of the finger of ta'zir, where the imposition of the sentence is fully handed over by the government, both in type and size, starting from the lightest punishment such as giving advice to the perpetrator, fines, lashing or exile up to the highest punishment, namely the perpetrator must be killed. The customary law sanctions regarding the ikhtilath case in Gayo include ta'zir sanctions, which type and size are determined by Sarak Opat, namely in the form of a fine of one goat.
Modulation of the endophytic strain Kosakonia radicincitans UYSO10 proteome by sugarcane roots exudate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Backgroun: Plant-associated microbiotas play a key role in plant health, growth, and stresses resilience. These microbiotas are considered the second plant genome by expanding its genetic potential. One of the main components of the plant microbiota is the endophytic bacterial communities, which live in the plant's internal tissues. The main sources of this microbiota are the seed and the soil where the plant grows. Particularly, soil bacteria are attracted by different signals present in plant root exudates, to later colonize the rhizoplane and infect internal tissues. Although the colonization and infection processes of endophytic bacteria are well documented, the molecular bases of the mechanisms involved in the plant-endophyte interaction are still poorly understood. Previously it was shown that strain Kosakonia radicincitans UYSO10 promotes the growth of sugarcane plants and was defined as a true endophyte. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the biological nitrogen fixation process is involved in the plant growth promotion observed. The aim of this work is to expand the knowledge about the possible mechanisms involved in the early stages of the interaction between the diazotrophic endophytic strain UYSO10 and sugarcane plants. Methodology: a proteomic approach was conducted in the strain UYSO10 exposed or not to sugarcane exudates. Results showed that in the presence of root exudates, strain UYSO10 senses the environment and adapts its proteome to transport and metabolize different nutrients, and to interact with the host plant. These results deepen the knowledge of the potential mechanisms involved in the early stage of plant-bacteria endophyte interaction.
Yerel kalkınma için üniversite sürekli eğitim birimleri : ODTÜ SEM örneği

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to point out the critical position of University Continuing Education Units in the context of knowledge economy for their contribution to local development, and to analyse to what extent these units in the case of Turkey serve for this function. For this purpose, first, the nature of knowledge economy and transformations initiated in this process in labour markets and in nature of education are analysed. Next, new understanding of lifelong learning and restructuring process in universities, which are connected with transformation in these two fields, are discussed. Later, position of cities and importance of urban policy for local development within the context of knowledge economy is examined. Consequently, as a product of these intertwined transformations, it is revealed that University Continuing Education Units appear to be key actors for cities for their contribution to local development. Then, based on the facts developed in the theoretical arguments; data of University Continuing Education Units of Turkey and Middle East Technical University Continuing Education Center (METU CEC) scrutinised in order to reveal how far these units in Turkey serve for local development. Finally, findings and conclusions are summarised, and policy proposals are developed for University Continuing Education Units should follow in order to serve local development effectively.
Studies on Lignin and Related Compounds. XXIV. The Formation of Vanillin from Waste Sulfite Liquor1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Lignin and Related Compounds. XXIV. The Formation of Vanillin from Waste Sulfite Liquor1George H. Tomlinson 2nd and Harold HibbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 2, 345–348Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01293a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01293a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data from Biological Significance of Prolactin in Gynecologic Cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>There is increasing evidence that prolactin (PRL), a hormone/cytokine, plays a role in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers via local production or accumulation. Elevated levels of serum PRL in ovarian and endometrial cancers have been reported, indicating a potential role for PRL in endometrial and ovarian carcinogenesis. In this study, we show that serum PRL levels are significantly elevated in women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer. We show dramatically increased expression of PRL receptor in ovarian and endometrial tumors as well as in endometrial hyperplasia, signifying the importance of PRL signaling in malignant and premalignant conditions. PRL mRNA was expressed in ovarian and endometrial tumors, indicating the presence of an autocrine loop. PRL potently induced proliferation in several ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Binding of PRL to its receptor was followed by rapid phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, CREB, ATF-2, and p53 and activation of 37 transcription factors in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma cells. PRL also activated Ras oncogene in these cells. When human immortalized normal ovarian epithelial cells were chronically exposed to PRL, a malignant transformation occurred manifested by the acquired ability of transformed cells to form clones, grow in soft agar, and form tumors in severe combined immunodeficient-beige mice. Transformation efficiency was diminished by a Ras inhibitor, providing proof that PRL-induced transformation uses the Ras pathway. In summary, we present findings that indicate an important role for PRL in ovarian and endometrial tumorigenesis. PRL may represent a risk factor for ovarian and endometrial cancers. [Cancer Res 2009;69(12):5226–33]</p></div>
Potential for biofuel-based greenhouse gas emission mitigation: rationale and potential.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

This chapter examines the first and last of the 4 motivations from institutional and quantitative viewpoints. The institutional section discusses the context in which offsets may be needed and the role that agriculture and forestry may play with an emphasis on biofuels. The quantitative portion extends the work of McCarl et al. [see Annals of Operations Research (2000) 94, 37-55] and Schneider and McCarl [see Environmental and Resource Economics (2003) 24, 291-312] to further consider the potential of biofuel and other possible agriculture/forestry greenhouse gas (GHG) emission offset alternatives in the face of a range of GHG offset prices emphasizing dynamics.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Crystal Orientation and Temperature Influences in the Hardness on Monocrystalline Silicon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A nanoindentation simulation using molecular dynamic (MD) method was carried out to investigate the hardness behavior of monocrystalline silicon with a spherical diamond indenter. In this study, Tersoff potential was used to model the interaction of silicon atoms in the specimen, and Morse potential was used to model the interaction between silicon atoms in the specimen and carbon atoms in the indenter. Simulation results indicate that the silicon in the indentation zone undergoes phase transformation from diamond cubic structure to body‐centred tetragonal and amorphous structure upon loading of the diamond indenter. After the unloading of the indenter, the crystal lattice reconstructs, and the indented surface with a residual dimple forms due to unrecoverable plastic deformation. Comparison of the hardness of three different crystal surfaces of monocrystalline silicon shows that the (0 0 1) surface behaves the hardest, and the (1 1 1) surface behaves the softest. As for the influence of the indentation temperature, simulation results show that the silicon material softens and adhesiveness of silicon increases at higher indentation temperatures.
Les temples de Ma'in et du Jawf (Yémen): état de la question

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The site of Ma'ih, the antique Qarnawu and former capital of the Minean State, is situated in the Jawf depression, some 100 kilometres northeast of Sanaa. Some of its temples are known since the mid- 19th cent, but remain still unearthed. During the works carried out by the French Archaeological Mission between 1980 and 1985, new buildings near Kamna, al-Baydà' and Khirbat Hamdân were surveyed. Between 1988 and 1992, the two excavated temples of 'Athtar dhû-Risaf in as-Sawdâ' and Nakrah in Barâqish provided impressive architectural and chronological information, allowing new interpretations of the religious architecture in this area.
Figures S1-S5 from The Anticancer Activity of a First-in-class Small-molecule Targeting PCNA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figures Supplemental figure legend: Figure S1. A diagram illustrating the process of virtual screen and follow-up cellular assays used in compound triage. The virtual screen by the computer modeling programs, MOE and Glide, is based on the known crystal structures of the PCNA/FEN1 complex that are available from the RCSB protein database. The cellular assays that led to the identification of AOH39 is described in Figure S3. Figure S2. The chemical structures of the 57 hits (AOH compounds) identified by the virtual screen. Compounds sharing structural similarities are organized on the same rows. Compounds that showed inhibitory activities on cancer cells are highlighted. Figure S3. Effect of AOH compounds on cell growth. The SK-N-AS and SK-N-DZ NB cells and human PBMCs were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of the indicated AOH compounds for 72 hours. The cell growth was measured by a CellTiter-Glo assay (Promega, Madison, WI). The relative cell abundance was graphed by Prism. Figure S4. Effect of AOH1160 on NCI60 cancer cells. AOH1160 was submitted to the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The compound was tested in the NCI60 cell lines in the standard 5-dose assay as described (https://dtp.cancer.gov/discovery_development/nci-60/methodology.htm). Briefly, cells were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of AOH1160 for 48 hours. Cells growth was analyzed by a Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay after cells were fixed by ice-cold 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The GI50 in molar for each cell line was calculated by DTP. Shown in the graph are the LogGI50. Figure S5. Enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin by AOH1160. Human SK-N-AS NB cells were treated with or without 1 ï�­M of cisplatin (CPT) in the presence or absence of 500 nM of AOH1160 for 18 h. Cells were washed with growth medium and were cultured in fresh media for 3 weeks to allow colony formation. The normalized colony counts under each treatment condition in triplicates were averaged and graphed plus/minus standard deviations. Based on Bliss independence model (see Methods), the combination index (Cl) for 1 ï�­M of CPT and 500 nM of AOH1160 is about 0.74.</p>
A Whole Process Cost Prediction System for Construction Projects Based on Improved Support Vector Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The current project cost system requires high data scale, small amount of data and large prediction deviation. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the whole process cost of construction project, this paper designs a whole process project cost prediction system based on improved support vector machine. In the hardware part of the system, the control core adopts arm controller S3C6410 and introduces 4G communication module to analyze the actual engineering data with the support of hardware. In the software part, the whole process cost prediction index system of the construction project is established, the index is reduced by the principal component method, and the support vector machine is improved by particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize the whole process cost prediction of the project. The system function test results show that the average prediction deviation of the designed system is 4.11%, the average prediction deviation of the cost prediction system is 3.05%, and the average prediction deviation of the system is 1.57%.
Nutritional evaluation of the different body parts of cuttlefish Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1885

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The basic nutritional components such as protein, carbohydrate, lipids, vitamins and minerals are chemical compounds essential to the growth and health of a living being. Hence, in the present study, the nutritional quality of different body parts (head, arm, tentacle and mantle) from the cuttlefish Sepia kobiensis was evaluated. The total protein content ranged from 26.55 ± 0.45% (tentacle) to 43.95 ± 0.62% (head); and the carbohydrate content from 9.18 ± 0.29% (tentacle) to 11.85 ± 0.20% (arm). The lipid level was minimum in the mantle (1.19 ± 0.18%) and maximum in the arm (2.46 ± 0.20%). The moisture content was least in the mantle (81.50 ± 0.56%) and maximum in the head (86.82 ± 1.59%). The ash content was found fluctuating between 5.79 ± 0.13% (mantle) and 7.35 ± 0.13% (head), whereas the total cholesterol and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels range from 131.25 ± 0.89 mg/100 g (mantle) to 359.36±1.94 mg/100 g (arm), and 43.83 ± 0.81 mg/100 g (head) to 204.53 ± 1.78 mg/100 g (tentacle), respectively. Likewise, the triglyceride content was minimum in mantle (156.52 ± 0.83 mg/100 g) and maximum in arm (234.78 ± 1.28 mg/100 g). All the aforementioned biochemical components have been calculated on dry weight basis. Thus, the present study explains that the cephalopods are highly delicious seafood because of their nutritive value next to fin fishes.

Key words: Proximate composition, nutritional value, cuttlefish, body parts.
Measurement of Serum Immunoglobulins: A National Survey of Practice.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To survey how serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) are measured and reported across public hospitals in Ireland. Methods We developed a seven-point questionnaire to elicit the methodology, reporting and reference intervals of serum immunoglobulins. It was distributed electronically by email to sixteen laboratory managers of Irish public hospitals. Results A total of twelve questionnaires were completed. The test method was the same in each laboratory, whilst the analyser and source of the reference intervals varied. In some institutions, the reference interval differed within the adult age population and for sex. The IgG parameter contained the highest spread of results. The lower reference limit ranged 5.4-8.0 g/L, with a standard deviation of 0.81, and the upper reference limit ranged 14.9-18.2 g/L (SD 1.04). Conclusion Considerable variation exists in the reference intervals of serum immunoglobulins within different Irish public hospitals. This has important implications for users of the test, patients and referral patterns.