jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network performance measures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ATM cells which are transported over the ATM network experience random delays in the network while reaching the destination. This variation in delay is known as cell delay variation (CDV) which is one of the important parameters of ATM network performance measures. The CDV is mainly due to the queuing in multiplexing stages which alter the initial time structure of the cell streams in the network. This project presents a qualitative analysis of the CDV through a computer simulation of constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic multiplexed with some Pursty traffic on a 5 node ATM network. Bursty ATM traffic arrives at each of the network elements according to the Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP), while CBR traffic is generated at a constant rate to the network. The distribution of the cell delay (CD) and cell delay variation (CDV) in a constant bit rate traffic multiplexed with each of the 3 different classes of bursty traffic is analysed
Semantics and pragmatics of anti-proverbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A proverb is a short and simple saying which is widely known and which condenses common sense, experience, expectations and wisdom of mankind. An innovative alteration of a standard proverb, often used for humorous effect, is called an anti-proverb. For instance, by changing a single word, the well-known proverb Virtue is its own reward has transformed into anti-proverb Virtue is its own punishment. Such intentional transformations of traditional proverbs are gaining popularity in today’s world. Writers often use them for humorous or satirical purposes, in advertising, mass media and social networks.
The aim of this research is to explore and identify the linguistic mechanisms which lead to creation of anti-proverbs. We will compare structural features of a number of anti-proverbs found in various sources with their traditional proverb counterparts. By means of such analysis we hope to identify underlying grammatical, semantic and contextual arrangements of anti-proverbs. This research will also include an analysis of reasons which cause linguistic innovation in the phenomenon of anti-proverbs, based on their utilization for advertising, journalistic or humorous purposes.
[Hemosorption in status epilepticus and serial epileptic seizures].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemosorption was performed in 8 patients with a resistant status epilepticus and serial epileptic attacks; arrest of the attacks correlated with significantly faster and stabler normalization of the circulating levels of immune complexes and of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils as compared to the same parameters in patients receiving a course of conventional anticonvulsive and dehydration therapy without hemosorption. The data obtained point to the advisability of the inclusion of hemosorption into a multiple modality treatment of patients with a persistent grand mal status and serial epileptic attacks. High circulating levels of immune complexes in the blood serum may be considered as indication for hemosorption.
The Realism of Political Liberalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recently several political theorists have argued that mainstream political theory, exemplified by John Rawls' political liberalism, is based on such idealist and moralist presuppositions, that it cannot be relevant for real politics. This article aims to show that the criticism of these 'realists', as these critics are referred to, is based on an incorrect reading of Rawls' work. The article explains that there are three ways in which his political liberalism can be said to offer a realist understanding of politics: (a) political liberalism interprets the morality inherent in engaging in politics; (b) it acknowledges reasonable disagreement about justice; and (c) it develops standards of public reason, with which to assess the legitimacy of political compromises. The article recovers the realism of political liberalism and indicates new sites of discussion between political liberals and political realists.
Knowing where you´re going : Navigation solutions in responsive web design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By making a website responsive, its layout and content will adapt to the screen size, no matter if the website is visited from a smartphone or a computer. Designing for a small screen is about compromising since it is only possible to show fairly little content at a time, but still take account for the user experience. One aspect that heavily relies on screen size is navigation on the website. Within this project, different navigation solutions for responsive web design are examined and a suitable pattern is implemented on an existing website. A usability test with seven participants measured the user experience of the implementation. The design resulted in one navigation pattern holding for the main navigation and a combination of two patterns for the sub navigation, and this design was rated 2,39 on a scale 1-7 where 1 is the best in the usability test. It is hard to measure the navigation system on a website without measuring the overall layout as well, which could influence this result. Interview questions in the end of each usability test session regarding the navigation showed on the other hand that finding the needed information was in general considered an easy task, but the tasks including the sub navigation was harder than those only requiring the main navigation.
Abstract 6: Frequency, Risk Factors, Causes, and Outcomes of Early Neurological Deterioration in Hyperacute Cerebral Ischemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) is a feared complication of acute cerebral ischemia, but studies have provided widely varying estimates of END frequency, have often not systematically investigated END mechanism, and have not characterized END frequency among hyperacute patients presenting within the first 2h of onset, during the period of greatest neurologic deficit lability. Methods: We analyzed subjects with a final diagnosis of acute cerebral ischemia in the NIH Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium Phase 3 multicenter clinical trial. END was defined as worsening by ≥ 4 NIHSS points up to Day 4. Causes of worsening were adjudicated by a central expert panel reviewing detailed medical records and imaging studies. Results: Among 1245 acute cerebral ischemia patients transported by EMS to 55 receiving stroke centers, time from last known well to ED arrival was median 59 mins (IQR 80-46). Overall, 211 (16.9%) experienced END by Day 4, including 17.4% within the first 6 hours of ED arrival, 32.2% between 6-24h, and 50.3% between 24h-Day 4. Patient features associated with END included older age (73.1 vs 70.5, p=0.01), worse initial deficits (NIHSS 13.1 vs 8.4, p<0.0001), history of hypertension, diabetes, higher serum glucose, BUN, and creatinine. Arrival imaging findings associated with END included more advanced acute ischemic change (ASPECTS 7.8 vs 8.8, p<0.0001) and presence of prior infarction. Leading causes of END were: extension of initial cerebral infarct (contributing in 50.6% of END patients), cerebral edema (25.3%), hemorrhagic transformation (23.0%), and infection (8.4%). END was associated with substantially reduced functional independence (mRS 0-2) at 90 days, 9.1% vs 67.9%, p<0.0001, and increased 90-day mortality, 42.1% vs 6.5%, p<0.0001). Conclusions: END occurs in 1 in 6 hyperacute cerebral ischemia patients, and is associated with dramatic reductions in functional independence and increases in mortality by 3 months. The leading causes of END are ischemia progression, cerebral edema, and hemorrhagic transformation, which collectively contribute to 4 in 5 of all END events, and are important treatment targets to improve ischemic stroke outcome.
Escaping Monstropolis: child-friendly cities, peak oil andMonsters, Inc.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Monstropolis, the virtual world of monsters in the 2001 Pixar-animated Disney movie Monsters, Inc., the screams of human children are the source of energy. In this paper, the energy shortage (or ‘scream shortage’) depicted in Monsters, Inc. serves as a subtle and engaging allegory, drawing attention to the non-virtual world’s concerns with energy supplies, particularly oil. Peak oil, the time at which the global production of oil reaches its maximum, is arguably one of the most important issues that will affect the conceptualisation of children and our ability to create and maintain child-friendly cities. This paper derives new ways of conceptualising the relationship between peak oil and children in modern western societies, through a critical analysis of a number of themes from Monsters, Inc. The value of such an analysis is that in Monsters, Inc. the issues of children, lifestyle and energy acquisition and use are all brought together in a common problematic. Thus, the underlying descriptions in Monsters, Inc. provide a catalyst for a wider debate about children and peak oil
Experimental model for removal of snake venom via hemoperfusion in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake ( Crotalus durissus terrificus ) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. Design An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. Setting Basic animal research laboratory in a private university. Animals Normal, healthy male Wistar rats (0.29‐0.40 kg, 3‐6 months old) from a commercial breeder. Interventions Four experimental groups of randomly allocated rats (n = 3/group) were studied: Group 1: rats were injected with a single dose of venom (5 mg/kg, IM, in the right thigh) with no other treatment; blood samples were collected minutes before death to determine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts; Group 2 (Control): rats underwent hemoperfusion alone for 60 min using a hemoperfusion cartridge designed for protein adsorption (by granulated charcoal) and protein precipitation (by tannic acid); Group 3 (Venom + antivenom): rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were treated with antivenom at the venom:antivenom ratio recommended by the manufacturer; Group 4 (Venom + hemoperfusion): Rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were hemoperfused for 60 min. In groups 2‐4, blood samples were collected for leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts 24 h after venom. Measurements and Main Results Rats injected with venom alone (Group 1) developed signs of neurotoxicity and ataxia and died in 9.0 ± 0.43 h but showed no changes in leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In contrast, there were no deaths in groups 2‐4. The lack of deaths in Groups 3 and 4 indicated that antivenom and hemoperfusion, respectively, protected against the lethal effects of the venom. Conclusions Hemoperfusion with a double‐action hemoperfusion cartridge capable of protein adsorption and precipitation protected rats against C. d. terrificus venom.
What is the current incidence of RLF.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It occurs to us that your readers would be interested in some information which we have concerning the occurrence of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in recent years. Preschool blind children in northern California are served by the Variety Club Blind Babies Foundation. The State of California Educational Services for Preschool Blind serves southern California. Our combined programs are currently serving 63 children with RLF in the state of California. These children are distributed by birth date as follows: 4 in 1970, 8 in 1971, 12 in 1972, 12 in 1973, 17 in 1974, and 10 in 1975.
On the dispersive two-photon ${K_L\\rightarrow \\mu^+\n\\mu^-}$ amplitude

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

\n We present a full account of the two-loop electroweak, two-photon \n mediated short-distance dispersive $K_L$\n\n $\\rightarrow\\mu^+\\mu^-$ decay amplitude.\nQCD corrections change the sign of this amplitude and reduce it by\nan order of magnitude.\nThus, the QCD-corrected two-loop amplitude represents\nonly a small fraction (with the central value of 5%) of the\none-loop weak short-distance\ncontribution, and has the same sign.\nIn combination with a recent measurement, the\nstandard-model prediction of the short-distance\namplitude, completed in this paper,\nprovides a constraint on the otherwise uncertain\n long-distance dispersive amplitude.\n
Model Test on the Passive Failure of Slurry Shield Tunneling in Circular‐Gravel Stratum

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To study the passive failure behavior of slurry shield tunnels in the circular‐gravel stratum, a set of slurry shield test devices capable of cutter cutting and slurry automatic circulation is designed and developed. The effects of the cover‐span ratio on the evolution process of ground surface displacement, the distribution of earth pressure and the passive failure mode of the face are discussed. The results show that the ground surface is gradually uplifted with the increase of slurry chamber pressure, and the amount uplifted decreases with the increase of the cover‐span ratio. The earth pressure near the face during testing experienced the growth stage, the rapid decrease stage, and the stable stage. The passive failure of slurry shield face experiences excavation face stability stage, slurry film splitting stage and splitting through stage in sequence, and the ultimate supporting force of passive failure of excavation face increases with the increase of the cover‐span ratio. The essentially of the passive failure is a kind of slurry splitting phenomenon in which slurry splits the slurry film and then splits the soil layer. When a passive failure of the excavation face occurs, there is a mud channel formed by the slurry split stratum in front of the excavation face. When the cover‐span ratio is relatively small, the channel extends to the ground surface and forms a hole whose size is basically the same as the diameter of the shield. The hole morphology gradually changes from an ellipse to a circle with the increase of the cover‐span ratio.
Horses for courses: Facilitating postgraduate research students' choices of computer assisted qualatative data analysis systems (CAQDAS)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supervisors of postgraduate students are increasingly likely to find themselves discussing whether or not the student should use a CAQDAS (computer assisted qualitative data analysis system) in their research. This paper discusses Weitzman and Miles (1995) framework for decision-making about CAQDAS and then reports the experiences of five postgraduate students, each of whom made a different decision. (These were variously: not to use a CAQDAS, using Atlas-Ti, Ethnograph, N. VIVO and N5). It explores the fit between Weitzman's and Miles' principles and the students' experiences then suggests some modifications of the principles and strategies for advising students.
Understanding Masked Image Modeling via Learning Occlusion Invariant Feature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, Masked Image Modeling (MIM) achieves great success in self-supervised visual recognition. However, as a reconstruction-based framework, it is still an open question to understand how MIM works, since MIM appears very different from previous well-studied siamese approaches such as contrastive learning. In this paper, we propose a new viewpoint: MIM implicitly learns occlusion-invariant features, which is analogous to other siamese methods while the latter learns other invariance. By relaxing MIM formulation into an equivalent siamese form, MIM methods can be interpreted in a unified framework with conventional methods, among which only a) data transformations, i.e. what invariance to learn, and b) similarity measurements are different. Furthermore, taking MAE (He et al.) as a representative example of MIM, we empirically find the success of MIM models relates a little to the choice of similarity functions, but the learned occlusion invariant feature introduced by masked image -- it turns out to be a favored initialization for vision transformers, even though the learned feature could be less semantic. We hope our findings could inspire researchers to develop more powerful self-supervised methods in computer vision community.
Adorno, Marx, Materialism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We have become used to thinking of “materialism” as a name for demystification. Materialism is understood as that kind of thinking which relieves us of deluded beliefs in immaterial entities or of “ideological” conceptions of society. It has also, sometimes, been thought of as the easiest of all philosophical or social-scientific creeds to grasp. Only matter, and material needs, are real, it seems to say; any claims to know anything beyond them are “metaphysical,” or “idealist,” or “ideological.” Materialism's job is imagined as a relatively straightforward one: to break those idols and to leave us undeluded.
Ethnicity and Risk for Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Following Intimate Partner Violence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study uses a feminist theoretical framework to explore risk factors for the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following intimate partner violence, with a community sample of 120 low-income European American and African American women. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine demographic, violence, and mental health variables that predict posttraumatic stress symptoms. The data reveal that African American women report lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms than do their European American peers. This difference was observed despite the presence of more empirically identified risk factors for African American women. Regression analyses show that symptoms of depression increase risk for posttraumatic stress for both groups. However, a difference was observed such that past victimization increase risk for only European American women, whereas amount of psychological violence in the previous year increases risk for only African American women. Potential explanations for observed ethnic differences are offered.
Weak Width of Subgroups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We say that the weak width of an infinite subgroup $H$ of $G$ in $G$ is $n$ if there exists a collection of $n$ strongly essentially distinct conjugates $\{ H, g_1^{-1} H g_1,\cdots, g_{n-1}^{-1} H g_{n-1} \}$ of $H$ in $G$ such that the intersection $H \cap g_i^{-1} H g_i$ is infinite for all $1 \leq i \leq n-1$ and $n$ is maximal possible. We prove that a quasiconvex subgroup of a negatively curved group has finite weak width in the ambient group. We also give examples demonstrating that height, width, and weak width are different invariants of a subgroup.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in swine slaughtered in Sicily

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Several studies showed that the consumption of raw or undercooked meat contaming Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts from infected animals is one of the most important sources of human toxoplasmosis. Foods of animal origin most frequently contaminated are pork and small ruminants' meat. In order to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Sicilian pig farms, 1063 swine sera were collected dunng the slaughtering from locally born and bred ammals and 1312 from imported ones (from France and Spain). The local animals came from 154 farms distributed along Sicily, representing pigs of all ages: the others came from lairages.
Double Truncation Method for Simulation of Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We develop Double Truncation Method(DTM) to understand the stochasticity of chemical reaction network on the mesoscopic scale. The Chemical Master Equation(CME) describes the probability distribution of the system accurately under the markov assumption. But solving CME is computationally heavy. It faces the curse of dimensionality because it considers reactions on every different states. To settle the issue, stochastic approach came out, typically Gillspie’s stochastic simulation algorithm(SSA). SSA lifts the curse of dimensionality, but it needs too many realizations, which makes it less practical, in cases of the system consisting of large numbers of molecules or very different time scale reactions. A recently developed Probability Generating Function(PGF) method supplements those weaknesses. It is a deterministic description and sparks the reactions in stead of considering those for all the states. By doing that, though it expresses the system efficiently, but it implements the symbolic computation and converges still slowly. So here we suggest DTM to speed up. As suggested from the name, DTM has two truncations for time and for coefficients based on PGF method. We perform the first truncation for a short time and second truncation for small coefficients at each time step. First truncation or superimposition can be performed underlying the power series expansion on time. And next truncation can be conducted with the elimination of relatively small coefficient terms. Since the coefficient of PGF means the probability of a specific state, the sum of coefficient can be understood as an weight for the system. This observation enables us to ignore a great deal of small terms which do not affect the system significantly. The method is procedurally simple and powerful, especially for mesoscopic scale problems. It works well even for open systems, such as brusselator. We apply the method to simulation of binding reactions, enzyme kinetics, transition model and brusselator and compare the results with those of SSA or matrix exponential.
Online to offline sales method in the e-commerce industry in denpasar

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to determine the use of the online to offline (O2O) sales method in the e-commerce industry in Denpasar and to know the application of online to offline (O2O) can increase trust in e-commerce. The research design used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation. The results of this study indicate the use of the online to offline sales method has many benefits if it is supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure, besides that the selection of offline stores must also be strategic. to facilitate customers to take goods that have been ordered online, in this study it was found that the sales method online to offline can answer any doubts of consumers and change the social status of e-commerce. Using online to offline service dimensions in the form of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy can increase consumer confidence in e-commerce.
Eastern Paradox in Bernard Shaw's Major Barbara

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bernard Shaw was not merely a high priest of paradox in his intellectual comedy. At a deep level, his plays feature complex patterns of interpenetrating oppositions that define and wrestle against each other in a manner characteristic of Taoist philosophy. Major Barbara , like Bertolt Brecht’s The Good Person of Sezuan , enacts multilayered binaries of male and female, war and peace, profit and generosity, religion and secularism. Shaw incorporated Chinese elements into his plays, and his works in turn have achieved special status and attention in China for their dialectic explorations.