jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Iron-Binding Catechols and Virulence in Escherichia coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Previous work suggested that virulent bacteria, which can grow rapidly in serum, must possess a specific mechanism for removing iron from its transferrin complex. Two strains of Escherichia coli were examined with this in mind. Strain O141, which showed inoculum-dependent growth in serum and multiplied in the mouse peritoneum, secreted iron-binding catechols into both synthetic medium and serum. One of these compounds has an association constant for iron similar to that of transferrin. Both transferrin and ethylenediamine-di- o -hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (EDDA), which have very high affinities for ferric iron, induced catechol synthesis in growing cultures of strain O111. This organism was inhibited by normal horse serum. Further work showed that traces of specific antibody inhibited catechol synthesis by O111 exposed to EDDA; therefore, the existence of this inhibitory process means that the organism can no longer obtain Fe 3+ , which all remains bound to transferrin in serum. In vivo, the inhibition of O111 is similar to that produced by serum in vitro. Neither phagocytosis nor killing by complement appeared to be of any significance during the first 4 h of the infections. Significantly, the purified catechol was capable of abolishing bacteriostasis in vivo. Since these results show that the production of iron-binding catechols is essential for rapid bacterial growth both in vitro and in vivo, these compounds should therefore be considered as true virulence factors. Conversely, any interference by the host with the production or activity of these compounds would constitute an important aspect of antibacterial defense.
A study into the current state of Saiga tatarica L. populations with the use of retrospective data

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica tatarica L., 1766, S) is a prominent ungulate mammal species inhabiting Central Asia. Over the latter half of the 20th century, saiga populations, including the Volga-Ural (Kazakhstan) population, experienced a continuous decline. However, there was a resurgence in their numbers in the 1980s. This study aims to assess the present status of saiga populations, particularly the Volga-Ural (V-U) population, by analyzing existing retrospective data. Our findings reveal that during the 21st century, the saiga population has increased in two key regions: the Volga-Ural and Betpak-Dala (B) populations. Notably, the Northern-Western Population (NWP) habitat saw a drastic 50-fold decline in population, while other populations decreased by 2.0-5.0 times. Despite this decline, the NWP habitat exhibited higher juvenile saiga yields compared to other regions. The resurgence of saiga populations has been significantly influenced by the support of the Government of Kazakhstan, along with the effective efforts of international wildlife conservation organizations and local community engagement.
Determination of MG-Ags in Body Fluids and Their Diagnostic Value in Tumor Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new group of gastric cancer associated antigens (MG-Ags) in ascitic fluid, gastric juice and pleural effusion of patients with tumors were detected by F.LISA method (micro-bead method) with the monoclonal antibodies against gastric cancer.The average absorbance values of control group plus 3 standard deviations were arbitrarily set as their positive thresholds respectively. The positive rate were 73. 3%( 33/45) in pleural effusion of patients with lung cancer, 83. 3%( 20/24) in ascitic fluid of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, 63. 6%( 14/22) in gastric juice of patients with gastric cancer. They were not found in ascitic fluid of patients with liver cancer or ovarian cancer. The positive rate were only found to be 6%( 3/50) in pleural effusion, 5. 5%( 1/18) in ascitic fluid and5. 8%(3/52) in gastric juice of patients with benign diseases. The results of these studies suggested that determination of MG-Ags in ascitic fluid, pleural effusion and gastric juice of patients can play an important role in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer and lung cancer.
A multi-centric double-blind randomized homoeopathic pathogenetic trial of Gymnema sylvestre

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To elicit the pathogenetic response of Gymnema sylvestre in homoeopathic potencies on apparently healthy human volunteers. Methodology: Gymnema sylvestre was proved by the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy through double-blind placebo-controlled method. The study was carried out at four centers. The drug was proved in two potencies (6C and 30C) on 63 apparently healthy volunteers who were selected after conducting pre-trial medical examination by the medical specialists and routine laboratory investigations. In the first phase volunteers were given 56 doses (04 doses per day for 14 days) of placebo. In the next two phases 56 doses (04 doses per day for 14 days) of each potency or placebo were consumed. The symptoms generated during the trial period were noted by the volunteers and elaborated by the proving masters. The data obtained from all the four centers was compiled at proving-cum-data processing cell at CCRH headquarters after decoding. Results: Out of 37 provers who were on actual drug trial, 16 manifested symptoms. The drug was able to produce symptoms in each potency in most of the parts of the body. Conclusion: The pathogenetic responses elicited during the drug proving trial expand the scope of use of the drug Gymnema sylvestre and will benefit the research scholars and clinicians. The generated symptoms of the drug will carry more meaning when verified clinically.
Deep Iterative Phase Retrieval for Ptychography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most prominent challenges in the field of diffractive imaging is\nthe phase retrieval (PR) problem: In order to reconstruct an object from its\ndiffraction pattern, the inverse Fourier transform must be computed. This is\nonly possible given the full complex-valued diffraction data, i.e. magnitude\nand phase. However, in diffractive imaging, generally only magnitudes can be\ndirectly measured while the phase needs to be estimated. In this work we\nspecifically consider ptychography, a sub-field of diffractive imaging, where\nobjects are reconstructed from multiple overlapping diffraction images. We\npropose an augmentation of existing iterative phase retrieval algorithms with a\nneural network designed for refining the result of each iteration. For this\npurpose we adapt and extend a recently proposed architecture from the speech\nprocessing field. Evaluation results show the proposed approach delivers\nimproved convergence rates in terms of both iteration count and algorithm\nruntime.\n
On the phylogeny of Miniopterus schreibersii schreibersii and Miniopterus schreibersii pallidus from Asia Minor in reference to other Miniopterus taxa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In this study we investigated phylogenetics of Miniopterus schreibersii schreibersii and M. s. pallidus from Asia Minor by means of two mitochondrial DNA markers, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and cytochrome-b (Cytb). The average genetic divergence between reciprocally monophyletic M. s. schreibersii and M. s. pallidus was 5.6% on ND2 and 3.5% on Cytb. In all phylogenetic trees, the clade with M. s. schreibersii and M. s. pallidus was placed within Palearctic-Ethiopian Miniopterus taxa. There was a considerable genetic divergence (ca. 8% in Cytb) between M. s. pallidus from Israel and M. s. pallidus from Turkey, Iran, and Nagorno-Karabakh, indicating that they probably are not the same taxon. Time to the most recent common ancestor of M. s. schreibersii and M. s. pallidus was estimated to be between 1.98 to 0.60 Myr BP (ND2 data) and between 1.95 to 0.45 Myr BP (Cytb data).
Analysis of Rainfall Trend and Pattern in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The study analyzed the rainfall trend and pattern for Owerri municipal, Imo state. The data collected is secondary. A remote sensing daily rainfall data from 1981 to 2020 from CHIRPS data archive given in millimeter (mm) was downloaded. In order to achieve the aim of the research, data analysis was conducted on the rainfall data. Some of the statistical methods used includes mean, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and standardized anomaly index (S.A.I). The annual rainfall and monthly rainfall for Owerri municipal, Imo state were analyzed and charts were presented which show fluctuation in rainfall trend and pattern. The least annual rainfall happened to be in 1983 of about 1662.9mm, which is followed by that of 2001 of 1828mm. The wettest annual rainfall occurred in the year 1995 of 2962.2mm which happened to be the peak of the study, followed by 1999 of 2837.9mm. It was shown that the month July from 1981 to 2020 experienced more rainfall than that of August. The four decadal rainfall presented for the study shows; near normal condition to very wet condition (1981 – 1990), near normal condition (1991 – 2000), extremely dry conditions to near normal condition (2001 – 2010), and near normal condition to extremely dry condition (2010 - 2020). The hypothesis was tested using chi-square, the results shows there is no significant difference in trend and pattern of rainfall in owerri, thus, the null hypothesis was accepted. The study generally show there is a little or no singnificant change in the rainfall pattern and trend in Owerri from 1998-2020 and hence recommend that there should be more monitoring of rainfall activities in order to curtail it excesses in flooding and agricultural loss.
A Sandwich-Structured Piezoresistive Sensor with Electrospun Nanofiber Mats as Supporting, Sensing, and Packaging Layers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrospun nanofiber mats have been used as sensing elements to construct piezoresistive devices due to their large surface area and high porosity. However, they have not been utilized as skin-contact supporting layers to package conductive nanofiber networks for the fabrication of piezoresistive sensors. In this work, we developed a sandwich-structured pressure sensor, which can sensitively monitor human motions and vital signs, with electrospun nanofiber mats as supporting, sensing, and packaging layers. The nanofiber mats were prepared by electrospinning with biocompatible poly (l-lactide) (PLA), silk fibroin (SF), and collagen (COL) as raw materials. The synthesized PLA–SF–COL mat possesses a non-woven structure with a fiber diameter of 122 ± 28 nm and a film thickness of 37 ± 5.3 μm. Polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were grown in-situ on the mat to form a conductive layer. After stacking the pristine and conductive mats to form a PLA–SF–COL mat/(PPy-coated mat)2 structure, another layer was electrospun to pack the multilayers for the construction of a sandwich-structured piezoresistive sensor. The as-prepared device can sensitively detect external pressures caused by coin loading and finger tapping/pressing. It can also tolerate more than 600 times of pressing without affecting its sensing capability. The human body-attached experiments further demonstrate that the sensor could real-time monitor finger/arm bending, arterial pulse, respiration rate, and speaking-caused throat vibration. The electrospinning-based fabrication may be used as a facile and low-cost strategy to produce flexible piezoresistive sensors with excellent skin-compatibility and great pressure sensing capability.
A STUDY ON COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR OVERTURNING OF NON-SLIP RIGID BODY AGAINST EARTHQUAKE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An algorithm for pulse response of non-slip rigid body is developed using ellipse functions. Then seismic response without numerical integration is computable replacing seismic record as pulse series. The numerical experiment shows good accuracy and strange tendency of overturning becomes clear. To investigate and overcome the complexity, overturning response spectrums are proposed with examples using Koube earthquake record. Then the record is approximated by 4 triangular pulse. The attempt showed good coincidence in overturning tendency and explain some reasons of the complexity.
Management of Indralupta (Alopecia areata) through Ayurveda - A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune disease characterized by the appearance of non-scarring bald patches affecting the hair bearing areas of the body. Scalp is the most common site of involvement. It can be compared with Indralupta in Ayurveda. The pathophysiology of Indralupta is the vitiated Tridoshas and Rakta, affecting the scalp and also blockage of hair follicles with aggravation of Rakta and Kapha which further prevents regrowth of hairs. It is described as Kapalgata Roga by Acharya Vagbhata and as a Kshudra Roga by Acharya Sushruta and Madhava Nidana. Methods: This is a case study of 11 years male child brought by his parents to Balroga OPD having complaints of bald patches over scalp region for 6 months. Patient was diagnosed with Indralupta and managed by classical treatment of Raktamoskhan by Jalauka along with some internal and external drugs. Treatment for 4 months along with the diet regimen mentioned in Ayurvedic text was followed. Result: The patient got speedy recovery with remarkable regrowth of scalp hair after 4 months of treatment. Discussion: Classical Indralupta Chikitsa mentioned in Ayurvedic classics is effective in the management of Alopecia areata.
Ionization Cross Sections of Gaseous Atoms and Molecules for High-Energy Electrons and Positrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ionization cross sections of forty gases have been measured for electrons of kinetic energies 0.1-2.7 MeV. The measurements are absolute and extensive precautions have been taken to minimize systematic and accidental errors. The energy dependence of the measured cross sections is accurately described by the Bethe asymptotic formula involving two parameters that represent important atomic properties. Comparisons have been made between ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ and between C${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ and C${\mathrm{D}}_{4}$; the observed differences are of the order of 1% and too small to be resolved with certainty. A close comparison has been made between positrons and electrons in Ar at 0.67 and 1.1 MeV; the cross sections are observed to be equal within a probable error of 0.5%.
Changes of cerebral microcirculation after craniocerebral missile wound (low velocity)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective [WT5”BZ]To seek the changes of cerebral microcirculation following a craniocerebral misile wound (CMW) (low velocity) in cats and to provide evidence for clinical treatment. [WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ]CMW animal model in cat was constructed by Carey method. Then, arteriole and venule caliber of pia mater, microregional cerebral blood flow (CBF) of brain, mean artery blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) were monitored simultaneously at different time before and after wound. Blood samples were collected for surveying and calculating blood rheological idexes of blood viscosity (ηb), plasma viscosity (ηp), plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC), hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), aggregation index (AI) and deformability of red blood cells (RBC) (TK). [WT5”HZ]Results [WT5”BZ]Vital signs were kept stable at each time point without any death. Pial aterioles and venules kept a contraction for about 30 minutes after CMW. Then, they were dilated and recovered to normal after 2 hours. Arteriole spasm occurred from 5-8 hours and venule dilated on the contrary. CBF manifested ischemia, hyperemia and stagnation which appeared from 0-30 minutes, 1- 1.5 hours and 5-8 hours respectively. After CMW, blood rheological parameters including ηb,ηp, ESR, HCT, PFC and AI were increased significantly, the deformability of RBC decreased significantly and did not return to normal 8 hours later. [WT5”HZ]Conclusions [WT5”BZ] After CMW, cerebral microcirculation changes a lot and does not recover from 8 hours. A corresponding treatment is necessary accordingly.
The relationship of the quality of health services tangible dimensions with patient satisfaction in the health services of the Lepo-Lepo Health Center Kendari City, Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Currently, along with advances in the field of science and technology today, the understanding and needs of the community are also increasing in obtaining quality public services and satisfying customers. Public Health Center as health service providers need to synergize with these advances. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the qualities of health services in the tangible dimension with patient satisfaction at the Lepo-Lepo Public Health Center, Kendari City in 2021. This type of research was a survey with a Cross Sectional Study approach. The study population was 448 patients. The research sample was 211 patients. Collecting data by using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by Univariate and Bivariate. The results showed that there was no correlation between tangibles and patient satisfaction in health services at the Lepo-Lepo Health Center, Kendari City in 2021 with a value of p = 0.75 (p>0.05). Recommendation; Public Health Center should continue to improve professionalism in health services, increase the availability of service infrastructure and patient satisfaction.
[The diagnosis and treatment for chronic pancreatitis complicated by non-calculous obstructive jaundice].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patients with sole complaint of obstructive jaundice account for 15% of all inpatients with chronic pancreatitis. There exists a direct relationship between the jaundice and the pancreatic inflammation. This disorder should be differentiated from total pancreatic carcinoma, but few differentiated material could be offered by preoperative studies. Pathological result derived from the tissue sample obtained within the exploration would be reliable for diagnosis. The bypass between biliary tract and intestine would be a safe and economical treatment method.
Does temporomandibular disorder correlate with menopausal symptoms?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To assess the correlation between menopausal symptoms and pain caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and the impact of sociodemographic factors on the association. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 74 women with TMD symptoms were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW + 10) criteria: G1 ( n = 25, late menopausal transition), G2 ( n = 30, early postmenopause), and G3 ( n = 19, late postmenopause). Sociodemographic data were collected, along with data on menopausal symptoms (Blatt-Kupperman menopausal index) and TMD-induced pain (craniomandibular index). Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-squared test and linear correlation tests (Spearman and Pearson). Results: Analysis of the three groups showed that TMD-induced pain was more intense in G1 than in G3 ( P = 0.0426, r = 0.2364, r 2 = 0.05589), and menopausal symptoms correlated with the intensity of TMD-induced pain ( P = 0.0004, r = 0.4020). This correlation was more significant during the late menopausal transition (G1: P = 0.0267, r = 0.4427, r 2 = 0.1960). In G2, women with fewer than 4 years of schooling had a higher total Blatt- Kupperman menopausal index score (17.0 ± 85.0) and craniomandibular index (0.29 ± 0.23) than women with more than 4 years of schooling ( P = 0.02 for both indices). Conclusions: Our results suggest that TMD-induced pain and menopausal symptoms are correlated, and more strongly so in the late menopausal transition. Additionally, sociodemographic factors, such as schooling, have a major influence on symptoms in early postmenopause. Performing the TMD evaluation during the climacteric period may be important.
Consumers behavior, attitudes, and beliefs regarding baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit and pulp consumption in Sudan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are growing number of empirical studies on the baobab value chain in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most studies focus on nutritional composition, traditional uses, the distribution of baobab trees, and collection. However, there are few studies on the marketing of baobab fruit pulp, especially on consumer behavior, attitudes, and beliefs regarding baobab fruit pulp. In this context, our study aims to explore consumer behavior, attitudes and beliefs regarding baobab fruit pulp. We also evaluate the market development potential of baobab fruit pulp in selected markets in El Obeid and Khartoum in Sudan. The study employs a mixed methods approach that includes a survey (N = 499), focus group discussion (N = 16), stakeholder interviews (N = 2), and a SWOT analysis. The study shows that the consumption of baobab fruit pulp is common among Sudanese consumers. Consumers also show strong positive attitudes and beliefs, as well as social support for baobab consumption. Nutritional and health benefits tend to drive consumer interest in baobab fruit pulp. The study also identified high demand, export opportunities, and extraction of ingredients from baobab as opportunities to develop baobab markets. However, a lack of quality control, regulations, poor distribution, and insufficient fruit supply may limit exploration of these opportunities. Therefore, it is crucial to raise knowledge of the nutritional and functional properties of baobab fruit, as well as its ability to fight health-related diseases, to further develop local markets. Processors must also improve the quality and safety of their goods. Policymakers must also create a regulatory structure that supports Sudan’s baobab value chain.
Thymic selection of innate self-specific T cells: Both Timing and Signal Strength matter

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells are selected in the thymus in response to low-avidity TCR interactions. Such weak TCR signals are crucial for installing a quiescent program that guides them to the lymph nodes yet allows for immune activation upon encounter of high-affinity ligands in the periphery. In contrast, agonist-selected T cells receive strong self-based TCR signals in the thymus that imprint them to guard the mucosal borders and maintain quiescence at steady state. Although the TCR signal strength is a decisive factor in instructing these different outcomes, the mechanism that generates protective self-specific T cells remains largely enigmatic. Previous work suggests that the self-specific double negative (DN) T cell lineage already diverges early during T cell development. We have explored the role of developmental timing by Cre-mediated deletion of components of the TCR signaling pathway. The Lck proximal promoter drives Cre expression before b-selection and the CD4 promoter drives Cre expression after b-selection but before positive selection. As TCR targets we investigated the lack of Themis expression, essential for the generation of conventional naïve T cells, but dispensable for agonist selection. Vice versa, we analyzed the requirement for Stim1 and Stim2, driving agonist selection, but not conventional selection. Both Lck prox Cre- and CD4 Cre-driven deletion of Themis lead to a drastic decrease in naïve T cells. However, DN T cells are particularly dependent on early strong TCR signals at the Pre-TCR stage, as only Lck prox Cre- but not CD4 Cre-driven deletion of Stim1/2 eliminates this subset. Our results suggest that strong signals at the Pre-TCR checkpoint are crucial for the generation of innate self-specific T cells.