jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Demand Heterogeneity and Price Volatility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this note, we propose a notion of financial market heterogeneity based on the rates at which agents adjust their demand for a risky asset. These rates can be interpreted as the speeds at which agents process market information and act on it. We indicate through several simple examples how this notion of heterogeneity is connected to the volatility of aggregate excess demand for the risky asset. We also indicate how heterogeneity and volatility in excess demand can be transmitted to that of the risky asset price, possibly providing another framework for modeling asset price volatility and its statistical estimation.
Selecting Corporate Structure for Diversified Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present study scrutinizes the implications of corporate structure for performance of diversified firms. The benchmark for the scrutiny is the set of the extant conflicting predictions about the optimal choice of two features of corporate structure, centralization of resource allocation and incentives offered to unit managers. The study uses the valuation model to overcome challenges of informal reasoning in the complex context of resource reallocation. The model disentangles the existing conflicting predictions, identifies the boundary conditions for each prediction, and reestablishes the complex interactions between corporate structure and relatedness. The new results lay the groundwork for a better empirical identification of the effects of relatedness and corporate structure on corporate value, often tested in corporate diversification research.
A Facile Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[2’,1’:2,3]Imidazo[4,5-c] β-Carbolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An efficient tandem process for the synthesis of pyridoimidazo-fused β-carbolines: pyrido[2",1":2',3']imidazo [4',5':2,3]pyrido [4,5-b]indole, is described.The construction of these compounds was achieved by one-pot three component reaction of 1-benzyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 2-aminopyridine and trimethylsilyl cyanide via Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction, followed by cyclization through the Pictet-Spengler reaction of the resulting imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine which allowed access to the title heterocycles.Nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic compounds are frequently found in a huge number of pharmaceutical drugs, natural products, agrochemicals, functional materials and fine chemicals.Pyridine-fused indoles, commonly known as carbolines, are one of the most important and abundant heterocycles.In particular, the privileged pyrido [3,4-b]indole (β-carboline) scaffold is a significant substructure prevalent in a variety of bioactive natural products and druglike molecules. 1Molecules containing a β-carboline core unit exhibit numerous biological activities such as antitumor, antileishmanial, antihypertensive, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and many others. 2Consequently, many protocols have been developed for the synthesis of β-carboline derivatives.Among them, approaches based on the Pictet-Spengler (PS) and Bischler-Napieralski (BN) reactions are the most widely used. 3 On the other hand, imidazopyridine is an important biologically active heterocycle. 4Among the various imidazopyridine derivatives, the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine moiety is the most important in the area of natural products and pharmaceuticals. 5As part of our current studies on the developments of new routes to heterocyclic system via the PS reaction, 6 we report herein, the synthesis of novel pentacyclic pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]β-carbolines by the application of Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé (GBB) and PS reaction in [bmim]Br (Scheme 1).
Feminist participatory action research to co-develop localised health promotion in Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Women’s expertise and knowledge can help prevent stunting in impoverished areas with limited resources. Through focus group discussions and photovoice methods, feminist participatory action research (FPAR) explored the perspectives of mothers and community health workers (posyandu) in the development of maternal and community health promotion. Six steps of FPAR were applied: the collection of media on stunting health promotion in public health centres; the building of trust and partnerships with posyandu cadres and mothers; the conducting of focus group discussions with posyandu cadres and mothers of young children to develop local language media through participatory visual methods; the co-designing of media content using online design tools; the dissemination of posters and leaflets to the community through mobile health promotion; and the redevelopment of media content for policy makers. We were able to co-develop effective strategies and solutions for the prevention of stunting that were based on women’s lived experiences.
A Detailed Description of the Chemistry of Thiol Supporting Plasma Polymer Films

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the plasma polymerization of propanethiol is investigated with the aim to control the thiol density [SH] in the coatings. The results reveal a nearly constant evolution of [SH] regarding the mean power dissipated in the discharge. This peculiar behavior is explained considering (i) mass spectrometry data revealing a similar relative concentration of condensable SH‐bearing species in the plasma and (ii) similar energetic conditions at the growing film/plasma interface. Finally, it is observed that the low 〈 P 〉 synthesized films are not chemically stable in solution likely due to the release of H 2 S molecules trapped in the material network. The whole set of our data allows to provide a deeper understanding of the growth mechanism of propanethiol plasma polymer, essential for future development.
Performance Comparison between Recycled Single Stage and Double Stage Hydrocyclones

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research presents a comparison of performance between recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones in separating water from water/kerosene emulsion. The comparison included several factors such as: inlet flow rate (3,5,7,9, and 11 L/min), water feed concentration (5% and 15% by volume), and split ratio (0.1 and 0.9). The comparison extended to include the recycle operation; once and twice recycles. The results showed that increasing flow rate as well as the split ratio enhancing the separation efficiency for the two modes of operation. On the contrary, reducing the feed concentration gave high efficiencies for the modes. The operation with two cycles was more efficient than one cycle. The maximum obtained efficiencies were 97% and 97.5% at 5% concentration, 11 L/min, and 0.9 split ratio for twice recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones, respectively. The pressure drop was the same for the two modes of operation. It was concluded that using recycled single stage hydrocyclone was more economical since it reduced the cost of additional hydrocyclone.
Compromises and Fairness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many philosophers have pointed out that a compromise that is fair in one sense can be unfair in another. In this paper, I will briefly introduce different ways in which compromises can be “fair” and then analyze them. In particular, I compare the importance of what I call (a) split-the-difference fairness and (b) end-state fairness. I will defend split-the-difference fairness against an important objection—that a person’s false belief about her fair share does not change what her fair share actually is. To allow such a notion would be rather like allowing her false belief to alter what is actually true. Nevertheless, I aim to provide support for the idea that sometimes it may make sense to consider people’s actual beliefs, even if they are false. However, I do not take a strong position on the question of what the most important sense of fairness is with regard to compromises. Keywords: Compromise, fairness, distribution, agreement, false beliefs
Pilot-scale study of UVC-based AOPs towards implementation at the outlet of domestic WWTPs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The degradation of a mixture of ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac in various effluents by UVC/H2O2 or UVC/S2O82− was studied to assess the impact of the matrix composition and of the oxidant precursor on process efficiency. Experiments were carried out in a 20-L laboratory pilot (a scaled-down version of a full-scale pilot). In effluents collected during dry weather, the rural constructed wetland effluent allowed faster degradation than the urban conventional WWTP effluent, regardless of the nature of the targets or of the oxidant precursor. This was mainly attributed to a three-times higher chemical oxygen demand in the urban effluent, likely to quench the oxidative species. UV fluences to reach 90% degradation of the three compounds were 3,800 and 5,500 mJ cm−2 in the rural effluent, whereas they were 6,600 and 6,100 mJ cm−2 in the urban effluent with H2O2 and S2O82−, respectively. After a rainfall event, the rural effluent composition was not significantly affected compared to that of the urban effluent that underwent the dilution effect. Therefore, the stability of the rural effluent composition allowed comparable degradation efficiency, whereas the dilution effect led to a significant increase in the degradation rate constants in the urban effluent (up to four times higher).
Forgiveness, Unforgiveness, Health, and Disease

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Five years ago, we observed that no evidence existed from controlled studies link-ing forgiveness to physiology, health, or disease (Thoresen, Harris, & Luskin, 2000). Since then, the theory, measurement, and empirical study of forgiveness
have developed substantially. Evidence has been produced linking both forgiveness
and unforgiveness to short-term physiological variables, such as cortisol reactivity
(Berry & Worthington, 2001) as well as blood pressure and skin conductance (Lawler
et al., 2003; Witvliet, Ludwig, & Vander Laan, 2001). Coupled with the related literature on stress and health, this evidence makes hypotheses directly linking unforgiveness and forgiveness with health and disease variables more plausible and ripe to
be tested. However, direct evidence that forgiveness or unforgiveness are related to
health or disease is still virtually nonexistent (cf. Toussaint, Williams, Musick, &
Everson, 2001). We write this chapter with hopes of inspiring researchers to address
this clinically-relevant gap in our knowledge.
The role of viral sensing in the development of autoimmunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have linked infections with enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), with an increased risk of T1D. This dissertation examines the impact of both exogenous virus (i.e. CVB4) and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) residing in the mammalian genome on the development of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Following CVB4 infection, T1D-susceptible mice displayed exaggerated tissue damage and signs of chronic inflammation after viral clearance. Ongoing inflammation in these mouse strains was linked to an increased infiltration of T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and germinal centre-like B cells in the pancreas. Furthermore, genome-wide expression analyses of pancreatic beta cells from CVB4-infected mice revealed the activation of virus response genes associated with type I/II interferon (IFN) signalling, accompanied by tissue-specific induction of ERVs. In addition, our data highlight an important role for ERVs in the transcriptional regulation of immune response genes. Remarkably, pancreatic beta cells from uninfected T1D-susceptible mice revealed similar gene enrichment profiles to those found in CVB4-infected mice, emphasizing the role of viral sensing in autoimmune diabetes. To further explore the role of viral recognition in autoimmunity, we made use of a novel mutant mouse strain that carries a point mutation within the MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral-signalling) protein, a crucial mediator of cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensing. MAVSlos mice immunised with RNA substrates exhibited diminished production of type I IFN and subsequent reduction of Tfh expansion and germinal centre formation. These findings demonstrate the significant role of (viral) nucleic acid sensing for appropriate activation of effector cells, but also illustrate how dysregulation of innate anti-viral signalling may translate into inappropriate (diminished or exaggerated) adaptive immunity.
Income and Family Events: Getting Married

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a test of a model that takes male income as a dependent variable. Measures of class background, educational and occupational achievement explain only 22 percent of variability among white male income, and even less among nonwhite men. We conclutde that using education, occupation, or both as proxy measures for male income is unsatisfactory. Further, the' causal order of these variables has clear implications for the study of family events. An examination of data measuring the propensity to marry indicates that neither educational attainment nor occupational status is useful in accounting for differences in the percent of men who remain single. Controlling age, male marriage rates are closely related to income at the time of the marriage. These findings hold for both white and nonwhite men.
Learning based model for predicting mechanical properties and sustainable filler band for NBR composites using lignin and carbon black

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Experimental determination of mechanical properties of rubber composites, such as tensile strength and hardness, involves complex multistage preparation procedures that are laborious and expensive. In this study, a hybrid filler of carbon black (CB) along with a sustainable filler of lignin is added for reinforcement in the nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix, with the total filler content varying from 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) to 80 phr. This work aims to develop a data-driven predictive model for the mechanical properties of rubber composites. An artificial neural network (ANN) model using multilayer feed-forward back-propagation has been created to forecast the tensile strength ( Ts ) and hardness ( Hd ) of rubber composites. The model predicts the uniaxial tensile response and hardness using input parameters that include total filler and lignin loading levels. The effectiveness of the suggested prediction method was demonstrated by statistical analysis using confidence intervals, showing a prediction error between 5.47% and 3.23% for the Ts and between 3.03% and 1.85% for Hd at 95% confidence intervals. A sustainable green band could be defined in the developed model, which is handy for designers to replace CB with lignin in various NBR based products, such as hoses, seals, etc., without compromising on tensile strength and hardness.
A paramagnetic neutral VAlON center in wurtzite AlN for spin qubit application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Spin-polarized electronic structures of VAlON centers consisting of an aluminum vacancy and a substitutional oxygen in AlN with different charge states are studied by first-principles calculations. It is observed that a paramagnetic neutral VAlON center is stable in p-type AlN. The defect center possesses a triplet ground state and a spin-conserved excited state with rather low excitation energy and its spin coherence time is in an order of second at T = 0 estimated by using a mean-field-based scheme. The results indicate that the neutral VAlON center is a promising candidate for spin coherent manipulation and qubit operation.
Repository corticotropin injection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis resistant to biologic therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Although synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are available, many patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a difficult-to-control disease and need other treatment options. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) may alleviate symptoms and exacerbations in patients with refractory disease. Methods: Nine patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were included in this study. Patients were maintained on their baseline therapies with a minimum of 7.5 mg prednisone daily. RCI was given daily at 40 U for 7 days. Patients who had an adequate disease response were given 40 U twice weekly through Week 12. For patients who had inadequate disease response, the dose was increased to 80 U daily for 7 days, followed by 80 U twice weekly through Week 12. Results: The primary endpoint was >1.2 point reduction in the Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) at Week 12. Secondary endpoints were improvements in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disease Index and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy scores. Six of the nine patients met the primary endpoint. The average change in DAS28-CRP from baseline to Week 12 was numerically greater with 40 U than with 80 U RCI. Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disease Index improved as early as Week 1, and the improvements remained throughout treatment. Conclusion: There was no association between cortisol levels and low-dose RCI response. No serious adverse events occurred. RCI produced a clinically meaningful reduction in markers of disease activity, improved health-related quality of life, and a favorable safety profile. The response rate to RCI was substantial and shows promise in this difficult-to-treat population. Keywords: repository corticotropin injection, rheumatoid arthritis, Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), health-related quality of life, biologic failure, melanocortin, refractory rheumatoid arthritis
A draft reference genome of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp,Branchinecta lynchi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We present the reference genome of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchi. This branchiopod crustacean is endemic to California’s freshwater ephemeral ponds. It faces enormous habitat loss and fragmentation as urbanization and agriculture have fundamentally changed the vernal pool landscape over the past 3 centuries. The assembled genome consists of 22 chromosome-length scaffolds that account for 96.85% of the total sequence. One hundred and ninety-five unscaffolded contigs comprise the rest of the genome’s 575.6 Mb length. The genome is substantially complete with a BUSCO score of 90.0%. There is no immediately identifiable sex chromosome, typical for this class of organism. This new resource will permit researchers to better understand the adaptive capacity of this imperiled species, as well as answer lingering questions about anostracan physiology, sex determination, and development.
Superoxide dismutase is an abundant component in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of motor neurons and in a subset of other neurons.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mutation in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a Cu/Zn enzyme that removes oxygen radicals and protects against oxidative injury, has been implicated in some cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). As a first approach to examining the mechanism(s) through which these mutations cause specific degeneration of motor neurons, we have used immunocytochemistry to identify the distribution of SOD1 in populations of cells in the peripheral and central nervous systems. In the spinal cord, intense SOD1 immunoreactivity was present in motor neurons, interneurons, and substantia gelatinosa. In motor neurons, SOD1 immunoreactivity was abundant in perikarya, dendrites, and axons; most of this activity appeared to be free in the cytoplasm, although a portion was associated with membranous vesicles, presumably peroxisomes. Since a variety of central nervous system neurons, including pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex and neurons of the CA3 and CA4 sectors of the hippocampus, showed high immunoreactivity but are unaffected in ALS, the apparent abundance of SOD1 does not predict vulnerability of neurons to mutations in SOD1. Rather, SOD1 accumulates in many neuronal populations but is particularly abundant in motor neurons. Consistent with recent studies of FALS-linked SOD1 mutations in vitro and in transgenic mice, our findings offer further support for the view that the mutations confer a gain of adverse function. In this view, high, rather than limiting, levels of SOD1 may place motor neurons selectively at risk in FALS.
Fault Recognition in the Presence of Error With NURBS-Based Metamodels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) offers the possibility of replacing the predominant maintenance-as-scheduled paradigm with a maintenance-on-demand paradigm. In all CBM algorithms, faults must first be recognized, then characterized and finally reconciled. Multiple CBM methods have been proposed, including model-free, model-based and metamodel-based methods. However, the signals from real systems are obscured by sources of error. This research examines the impact of error upon a metamodel-based CBM approach using a simulated system to reveal the significance of error in the all-important step of fault recognition. The use of a simulated system allows control of the type and magnitude of both the error and of the fault signals allowing their significance to be evaluated. As a result of this research, a stronger theoretical foundation metamodel-based CBM techniques is established and several promising behaviors are identified.
O012/#352 Atezolizumab and bevacizumab in recurrent endometrial cancer: a phase II, multi institutional trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

Clinical data across several solid tumors, including EC, suggests synergy between immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-angiogenic agents. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Atezolizumab (A) and Bevacizumab (Bev) in recurrent EC.

Methods

This multicenter, single arm trial (NCT03526432) enrolled patients with recurrent EC (1–2 priors) to receive A 1,200 mg and Bev 15 mg/kg day 1 every 21 days. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR).

Results

There were 57 response evaluable patients who received both drugs for the first two cycles. Median age was 65 (25–91) years and race included 22.8% Black and 2% American Indian. 61% had endometrioid tumors, 18% UPSC or carcinosarcoma each and 4% clear cell. 87% were mismatch repair proficient (MMRp) and 13% MMRd. 15% had prior pelvic radiation. Adverse events and clinical activity in table 1. Translational data including blood immune cell population analysis by CyTOF will be presented with the clinical data.

Conclusions

The ORR for A and Bev approximates that seen with Len/Pem with far fewer side effects. An ongoing trial within the Alliance contains this similar arm and if confirmatory would support this combination as a treatment option.