jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the efficiency of intellectual capital: a new approach based on DEA-MPI technology

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study develops a robust model to measure intellectual capital efficiency (ICE). It also analyzes ICE across Gulf companies, sectors and countries. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA), the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), difference tests and additional analyses on a dataset consisting of 276 firm-year observations. Findings The findings indicate that the study model is robust to additional analysis. The results show significant differences in ICE between firms during the study period and noteworthy differences between countries, where the Qatari and Bahraini firms achieved the best ICE compared to other countries. Practical implications The results of this study have significant ramifications for increasing knowledge of ICE analysis models among relevant parties. In addition, the findings may affect trading strategies because investors and financiers are motivated by the potential for lucrative financial returns on their investments in companies that prioritize ICE strategies. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature by proposing a robust model for estimating the ICE. It also compares ICE across Gulf companies, industries and countries to shed light on their ICE challenges.
Effects of Particle Size and Processing Variables on the Properties of an Extruded Catfish Feed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A catfish feed was extruded to determine how particle size, moisture content and screw speed affected the pellet durability, water stability index, and buoyancy. Increasing moisture content from 250 to 300 g/kg required less die pressure, specific mechanical energy and product temperature to produce durable pellets that were stable in water. Increasing screw speed from 200 to 400 rpm also lowered die pressure, due to a lower filled length of the extruder screw channels, but increased specific mechanical energy and product temperature; the resulting pellets had a lower apparent bulk density, but a higher degree of starch gelatinization and water stability index. Reducing particle size from 1200 to 700 m decreased die pressure and apparent bulk density, but increased product temperature, degree of starch gelatinization, pellet durability index and water stability index.
Planning fatigue experiments and analyzing fatigue data with the random fatigue-limit model and modified sudden death tests

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In a fatigue-limit model, test units tested below the fatigue limit (also known as the threshold stress) theoretically will never fail. This paper uses a random fatigue-limit model to describe: a) the dependence of fatigue life on the stress level, b) the variation in fatigue life, and c) the unit-to-unit variation in the fatigue limit. We fit the model to actual fatigue data sets by maximum likelihood methods and study the fits under different distributional assumptions. The 0.01 and 0.05 quantiles of the life distribution are often of interest to designers. Lower confidence bounds based on likelihood-ratio methods are obtained for these quantiles. To assess the fits of the model, we construct diagnostic plots and perform goodness-of-fit tests and residual analyses.
The Farmer and the Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Twice during the past five years the peculiar problems of the agricultural industry in the political economy have been analysed with acute perception in papers presented to this Association. There is a surprising unanimity of opinion among economists as to the nature of these problems; there is also, I believe, a rather wide area of agreement as to the general principles upon which policy designed to cope with these problems should be based. There is something of a gap between the way in which organized agriculture would attempt a solution to what, for the moment, I shall call “the farm problem” and that recommended by the economist. It is my purpose in this paper to attempt to explore the nature of this gap. Since more often than not this discrepancy in policy recommendations revolves around the function of the price system I have chosen the label “the farmer and the market.”
Advances in research of citrus cultivars selected by bud mutation and the mechanism of formation of mutated characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article summarizes the achievements in citrus cultivars selected by bud mutation. In recent years, many new citrus cultivars were selected in China. For example, the navel orange cultivars include Langfeng, Changhong, Xinshiji, Fengwan etc. The mandarin cultivars include Huagan 2 ponkan, Yanxi wanlu ponkan, Guangmingzao satsuma mandarin etc. and some other citrus cultivars include Jincheng 101 orange, Hongyou pomelo etc. The progress of molecular marker (RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, MSAP, IRAP) applied in identifying citrus cultivars is briefly described. The study on the cellular and molecular mechanism of the citrus mutated characteristics is particularly introduced. The research on citrus bud mutation is focusing on retrotransposon insertion, DNA methylation and the difference of gene structure and expression. By analyzing a vast amount of data, the direction and emphasis in research ahead are briefly stated.
Prevalence of ‘Mycoplasma wenyonii’ and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in Wisconsin and Michigan dairy cattle herds

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Mycoplasma wenyonii (fmr. Eperythrozoon wenyonii) is a hemotrophic, epicellular bacterial parasite of cattle and is associated with clinical disorders including hemolytic anemia, decreased milk yield, and scrotal, teat, and hindlimb edema. M. wenyonii and related organism, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos have been found in apparently healthy cattle in other countries, but little is known about their prevalence in the U.S. The objective of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to determine herd-level prevalence of M. wenyonii and C.M. haemobos in dairy cattle located in WI and MI.
Development of length expansion temperature detector based on arduino uno

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Length expansion is an increase in the length of an object due to receiving heat. If a solid object is heated then the object will expand in all directions, in other words the length increases the length of an object because it receives heat. A tool for comparing the length expansion of various metals is the Musschenbrock. To measure the temperature of an object can use a sensor. The sensor used in this research is the LM 35 based on Arduino Uno. The development method for this Length expansion tool temperature detector starts from tool design, hardware design, software design, tool calibration and tool testing. From the results of research using an Arduino Uno-based temperature detector, it can be said that this research was successful because the values obtained were almost the same as the existing theory. So, this detector is suitable for use in laboratories or schools as a learning medium to determine the length expansion of metals.
AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines. Endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients with artificial airways 2010.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An electronic literature search for articles published between January 1990 and October 2009 was conducted by using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. The update of this clinical practice guideline is the result of reviewing a total of 114 clinical trials, 62 reviews and 6 meta-analyses on endotracheal suctioning. The following recommendations are made following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria: (1) It is recommended that endotracheal suctioning should be performed only when secretions are present, and not routinely; (2) It is suggested that pre-oxygenation be considered if the patient has a clinically important reduction in oxygen saturation with suctioning; (3) Performing suctioning without disconnecting the patient from the ventilator is suggested; (4) Use of shallow suction is suggested instead of deep suction, based on evidence from infant and pediatric studies; (5) It is suggested that routine use of normal saline instillation prior to endotracheal suction should not be performed; (6) The use of closed suction is suggested for adults with high F(I)O2, or PEEP, or at risk for lung de-recruitment, and for neonates; (7) Endotracheal suctioning without disconnection (closed system) is suggested in neonates; (8) Avoidance of disconnection and use of lung recruitment maneuvers are suggested if suctioning-induced lung de-recruitment occurs in patients with ; (9) It is suggested that a suction catheter is used that occludes less than 50% the lumen of the endotracheal tube in children and adults, and less than 70% in infants; (10) It is suggested that the duration of the suctioning event be limited to less than 15 seconds.
Energy efficiency study of a BIPV cladded space mockup and simulation (part I)

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the growing demand for solar power generation system and the adopting of the innovative Building integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) as building envelop, study on energy efficiency of BIPV systems is a primary concern for BIPV system integrators. This report describes the design and simulation of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) cladded space mockup. An air-gap compartment, an essential component of BIPV systems is installed to analyze the thermal insulation effect and its impact of the level of thermal comfort within the mockup. Experiments will be conducted on the mockup to examine its performance in real-world weather conditions. A Dynamic Air Cooling system used for simulation of air flow through the air-gap was proposed and conducted to examine the effects on power and thermal efficiency. A study on the feasibility of implementation was conducted in relation to the overall enhancement on the system energy efficiency.
Comparative study of penetration of lomefloxacin and ceftriaxone into transudative and exudative pleural effusion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated the transpleural penetration of lomefloxacin (LFLX) and ceftriaxone (CTRX). LFLX (200 mg) was administered orally to three patients with transudative fluid and four with exudative fluid, and 2 g of CTRX was administered by drip infusion to four patients with transudative fluid and three with exudative fluid. For both groups that received LFLX and CTRX, blood samples were drawn at time zero and 1, 2, and 6 h after drug administration. Thoracocentesis of each group was performed at 6 h after drug administration. The mean ratios of concentrations in pleural fluid/maximum concentrations in serum (P/S max) of LFLX were 66% in patients with transudative fluid and 69% in patients with exudative fluid. The mean ratios of P/S max of CTRX were 9.1% in patients with transudative fluid and 13.5% in patients with exudative fluid. The P/S max ratios for the penetration of LFLX were five to six times higher than those for CTRX. In addition, there was less differentiation in concentrations of LFLX in pleural fluid between the transudative and exudative effusions than there was in the concentrations of CTRX.
Localization of lipoyl-bearing domains in the .alpha.-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli consists of a core component, dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase (E2), to which are noncovalently bound 12 polypeptide chains each of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. E2 exists as a cube-shaped complex comprising 24 identical chains and may be resolved from the other two enzyme components. Limited digestion of E2 with trypsin quantitatively removes domains containing the lipoic acid cofactor while leaving the quaternary structure of the complex intact. Averages of native and trypsin-modified E2 were computed from images of single molecules obtained from electron micrographs of negatively stained specimens. The two averages were very similar and were in general agreement with a model determined previously by X-ray crystallography. However, detailed analysis of the difference image, obtained by subtracting the average of the trypsin-treated E2 from the native E2, showed extra stain-excluding regions along the edges of the native molecule which we interpret as representing the lipoyl-bearing domains. Micrographs of mixtures of native and modified E2 were also analyzed in order to rule out staining or electron-optical artifacts as accounting for the results. On the basis of these results along with other available structural information, we propose that one function of the lipoyl domains is to permit interactions between distantly separated lipoyl moieties in the E2 complex; this proposal also agrees with recent results of modeling studies of biochemical data [Hackert, M.L., Oliver, R.M., & Reed, L.J. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2226-2230].
Dietary and Animal Strategies to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Pastoral Dairy Systems Result in Altered Nutraceutical Profiles in Milk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate and provide further insights into how dairy cows genetically divergent for milk urea N breeding values [MUNBV, high (2.21 ± 0.21) vs. low (−1.16 ± 0.21); µ ± SEM], consuming either fresh cut Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L., PL) or Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., RG) herbage, impacted the nutraceutical profile of whole milk by investigating amino and fatty acid composition and applying metabolomic profiling techniques. Both diet and MUNBV, and their interaction term, were found to affect the relative abundance of alanine, glycine, histidine, and phenylalanine in the milk (p < 0.05), but their minor absolute differences (up to ~0.13%) would not be considered biologically relevant. Differences were also detected in the fatty acid profile based on MUNBV and diet (p < 0.05) with low MUNBV cows having a greater content of total unsaturated fatty acids (+16%) compared to high MUNBV cows and cows consuming PL having greater content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (+92%), omega 3 (+101%) and 6 (+113%) compared to RG. Differences in the metabolomic profile of the milk were also detected for both MUNBV and dietary treatments. Low MUNBV cows were found to have greater abundances of choline phosphate, phosphorylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, and 2-dimethylaminoethanol (p < 0.05). High MUNBV cows had a greater abundance of methionine sulfoxide, malate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), glycerate, arabitol/xylitol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, 5-hydroxylysine and cystine (p < 0.05). Large differences (p < 0.05) were also detected as a result of diet with PL diets having greater abundances of the phytochemicals 4-acetylcatechol sulfate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide whilst RG diets had greater abundances of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamidophenol sulfate, and 2-hydroxyhippurate. The results of this study indicate the potential to alter the nutraceutical value of milk from dietary and genetic strategies that have been previously demonstrated to reduce environmental impact.
Smart energy modeling in buildings with distributed energy generation by using Discrete Wavelet Transform - LSTM method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we use solar energy resources. It is well known that electricity is usually produced by coal, which is at the extreme end in us cities take millions of years to recover from the burning of coal that has a negative effect on us Environment Today, electricity has become an important part of everyone's daily life. Sun is renewable resource are now fully available and have no harmful effects on us environment. Buildings account approximately 33% of the total energy used, and 40% of direct and indirect energy use global CO2 discharge. As energy consumption increases worldwide, managing energy use by encouraging on-site renewable energy can help meet this demand. This paper proposes a deep learning method based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform and Long Short-Term Memory (DWT-LSTM) and time- scheduling method for the added need of modeling and energy management for buildings. The combination of deep learning algorithm, energy storage and energy scheduling will reduce the energy demand and sends the extra generated energy to the grid.
State of the art and current limits of musculo-skeletal models for clinical applications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prediction of musculo-tendon forces developed during daily living tasks is essential to assess movement control and joint reaction forces, and then provide insight to improve diagnosis and treatment follow-up of neurological and orthopedic disorders. Direct measurement of the musculo-tendon forces is hardly possible and the redundancy inherent in the musculo-skeletal system yields not enough equilibrium equations to compute these forces. Different methods have been proposed to overcome this problem, requiring numerous input parameters, most of them difficult or impossible to adjust to a specific subject. These methods will be exposed and their limits pointed out. Anyway, further development is needed in order that the model-based prediction of musculo-tendon forces can be used for clinical purposes.
Effects of Strain and Damage on Strain-Sensing Ability of Carbon Fiber Cement

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The strain-sensing ability of carbon fiber cement, as based on piezoresistivity, remains in the presence of damage, although the gauge factor (fractional change in resistance per unit strain) is affected by strain and damage. The longitudinal gauge factor is diminished by compressive strain by up to 70% and by damage by up to 25%. The magnitude of the transverse gauge factor is diminished by strain by up to 60% and by up to 25% by minor damage not accompanied by irreversible strain, but it is increased by up to 120% by major damage accompanied by irreversible strain. The gauge factor, whether longitudinal or transverse, is reduced in magnitude as the specimen size increases (by 13to51mm).
First, Do No Harm: Integrating Wind-Generated Movement into Healthcare Spaces as a Means of Reducing Stress

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stress is known to be detrimental to health, but many healthcare spaces inadvertently subject patients to additional stress by forcing them to wait for long periods in under-stimulating environments. This thesis examines how contact with nature, a proven stress-reducer, could be used to address this problem architecturally. Although a range of natural elements, including daylighting, natural ventilation, and indoor plants, could potentially be used for this purpose, the study argues that an effective means of reducing stress in a range of indoor healthcare environments without compromising the work of medical staff would be strategically located external vegetation. After setting out the arguments supporting this claim, the thesis demonstrates how the natural wind-generated movement of foliage can be integrated with the patient and medical staff needs in four common healthcare room types: waiting areas, examination rooms, outpatient treatment suites, and hospital inpatient rooms.
Use Cases and Requirements for Layer Independent OAM Management in multi-layer environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As operators deploy and operate multi-layer networks and diverse
transport technologies, layer independent Operations, Maintenance &
Administration Management (OAM) would be beneficial for monitoring and
troubleshooting operations of network and service infrastructure. This
document identifies and discusses the key use-cases and high- level
requirements for layer independent Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance management to facilitate operations and maintenance in
multi-layer and multi-domain networks utilizing a wide variety of
heterogeneous networking technologies.
Interleukin-18, interleukin-8, and CXCR2 and the risk of silicosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of silicosis are not fully understood. Exposure to crystalline silica leads to the activation of signaling pathways controlling the production and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Inflammatory cytokines are noted as important candidate genes for fibrotic lung diseases. Cytokines, chemokines, and variations of their genes have been associated with upregulation or downregulation of chronic inflammatory mediators. Variations in the interleukin (IL)-18, IL-8 and chemokine receptor CXCR2 genes are believed to influence the risk of silicosis in stone-grinding factory workers in Iran. Allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was carried out for IL-18 −137 and IL-18 −607, meanwhile touchdown PCR was performed for IL-8 −251 and CXCR2 +1208 genotyping. Variation in genotypic and allelic frequencies was not statistically different among cases versus controls ( p > 0.05). These findings indicated for the first time that IL-18 −137, IL-18 −607, IL-8 −251, and CXCR2 +1208 are suggested not to influence the risk of silicosis in tested occupational group.
Selective Metal-Free CO2 Photoreduction in Water Using Porous Nanostructures with Internal Molecular Free Volume

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The conversion of CO2 to a sole carbonaceous product using photocatalysis is a sustainable solution for alleviating the increasing levels of CO2 emissions and reducing our dependence on nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels. However, developing a photoactive, metal-free catalyst that is highly selective and efficient in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) without the need for sacrificial agents, cocatalysts, and photosensitizers is challenging. Furthermore, due to the poor solubility of CO2 in water and the kinetically and thermodynamically favored hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), designing a highly selective photocatalyst is challenging. Here, we propose a molecular engineering approach to design a photoactive polymer with high CO2 permeability and low water diffusivity, promoting the mass transfer of CO2 while suppressing HER. We have incorporated a contorted triptycene scaffold with "internal molecular free volume (IMFV)" to enhance gas permeability to the active site by creating molecular channels through the inefficient packing of polymer chains. Additionally, we introduced a pyrene moiety to promote visible-light harvesting capability and charge separation. By leveraging these qualities, the polymer exhibited a high CO generation rate of 77.8 μmol g-1 h-1, with a high selectivity of ∼98% and good recyclability. The importance of IMFV was highlighted by replacing the contorted triptycene unit with a planar scaffold, which led to a selectivity reversal favoring HER over CO2RR in water. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) techniques, further supported by theoretical calculations, were employed to enlighten the mechanistic insight for metal-free CO2 reduction to exclusively CO in water.