jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary dune activity in the Thar Desert and its implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions: an insight from optically stimulated luminescence dating

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Sand dunes in the Thar Desert, owing to their location in the Indian summer monsoonal (ISM) regime, are rich archives of past geomorphological and palaeoenvironmental changes. However, existing dune records are not robust enough to allow their assessment and integration with a growing multiproxy framework of palaeoenvironmental change. Therefore, with an aim to investigate the timing of dune activity in the Thar, three research questions are answered in this thesis: (i) what are the key phases of dune activity; (ii) what is the effect of anthropogenic influences on the landscape; and (iii) how can dune chronologies be interpreted most effectively to reconstruct late Quaternary environmental changes? To answer these, systematic sampling of multiple dunes was carried out in the dunefields in the central and northern Thar, and luminescence dating was used to provide a detailed chronological framework. Results demonstrate that the Thar dunes are >58 ka old, with preserved accumulation phases throughout the Holocene at ~11.6-8.5, 4-3, 2-1, 0.6-0.2 and 0.07 ka. First records of modern net accumulation are presented, with rates varying between 2-5 m/year, attributable to anthropogenic disturbances. Dune accumulation intensity methodology, in conjunction with available highly-resolved marine and terrestrial datasets, is used to infer palaeoenvironmental changes in the Thar. Whilst the strengthening of the ISM has been evidently shown to have a significant influence on widespread dune accumulation in the early Holocene, equivocal relationships between both lake levels/dune accumulation and monsoon variability during later Holocene suggest a complex interplay of regional and more local drivers like sediment supply, lowered sea levels etc. The study concludes with emphasis on the importance of recognising external and local controls on dune systems, and demonstrates that diverse responses to same environmental stimuli should be expected in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
Data from: A description of nesting behaviors, including factors impacting nest site selection, in black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nest site selection is at once fundamental to reproduction and a poorly understood component of many organisms’ reproductive investment. This study investigates the nesting behaviors of black-and-white ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata, a litter-bearing primate from the southeastern rainforests of Madagascar. Using a combination of behavioral, geospatial, and demographic data, I test the hypotheses that environmental and social cues influence nest site selection, and that these decisions ultimately impact maternal reproductive success. Gestating females built multiple large nests throughout their territories. Of these, females used only a fraction of the originally constructed nests, as well as several parking locations as infants aged. Nest construction was best predicted by environmental cues, including the size of the nesting tree and density of feeding trees within a 75 m radius of the nest, whereas nest use depended largely on the size and average distance to feeding trees within that same area. Microhabitat characteristics were unrelated to whether females built or used nests. Although unrelated to nest site selection, social cues, specifically the average distance to conspecifics’ nest and park sites, were related to maternal reproductive success; mothers whose litters were parked in closer proximity to others’ nests experienced higher infant survival than those whose nests were more isolated. This is likely because nesting proximity facilitated communal crèche use by neighboring females. Together, these results suggest a complex pattern of nesting behaviors that involves females strategically building nests in areas with high potential resource abundance, using nests in areas according to their realized productivity, and communally rearing infants within a network of nests distributed throughout the larger communal territory.
Mapping and Analysis of CAP Strategic Plans : Assessment of joint efforts for 2023-2027 : Executive Summary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study, conducted between July 2022 and June 2023, offers a first assessment of the strategic decisions made by Member States under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It maps the choices made in the CAP Strategic Plans (CSP) approved in December 2022 and analyses the joint efforts and potential impacts of Member States’s choices in relation to the nine specific objectives and the cross-cutting objective, with a particular focus on selected Green Deal targets. With approximately 2 500 interventions, the EU and Member States aim to mobilise EUR 307 billion in support of agriculture and rural areas between 2023 and 2027. The study finds that the CSPs prioritise targeted income support for farmers, along with measures to foster productivity growth and the adoption of innovative technologies. It suggests that the reformed CAP is likely to contribute to greater environmental and climate commitments, and addresses issues surrounding the sustainable use of natural resources. While the CSPs may contribute to climate change mitigation, the overall impact of Member States' choices remains uncertain. Also the effects of the CSPs on rural development are yet to be determined.
Characterisation of Antimicrobial Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Malted Barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thirty-three putative inhibitor-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from malted barley based on their ability to inhibit growth of two indicator strains. Eleven of the inhibitor-producing LAB produced an antimicrobial activity which was active across a wide pH range, relatively insensitive to heat treatment while sensitive to treatment with proteolytic enzymes indicating that the inhibitory compounds are proteinaceous in nature and therefore bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. Ten of these eleven malt isolates were observed to secrete the inhibitory compounds into the cell-free supernatant with optimal production occurring in the late exponential growth phase. The inhibitory spectra of these isolates included various Gram-positive bacteria among which a variety of beer-spoiling bacteria.
Building confidence in transition cow consulting

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Nutrition can greatly impact the health and productivity of the lactating dairy cow. Nutrition and management during the dry period and immediately prior to calving have a tremendous impact on the success of the cow to transition into lactation. The veterinarian may be asked to intervene on individual sick cows with transition problems (i.e. ketosis, displaced abomasum [LDA], hypocalcemia) or evaluate a herd that has a higher incidence of transition cow disease than expected. Veterinarians should develop the skills necessary to consult producers on how to diagnose whether the transition cows are having a negative impact on herd health and productivity, evaluate the cause of the increased herd-level incidence, and recommend management and nutritional changes to correct the problem. This paper will primarily focus on clinical and subclinical ketosis prevention and its sequelae.
Ocean Color Reveals Increased Blooms in Various Parts of the World

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The magnitude of phytoplankton blooms has increased significantly in many areas of the world during the past 11 years, as shown in data from ocean color sensors on board satellites. These areas with increased blooms are likely to be environmentally stressed and undergoing undesirable environmental changes such as a higher frequency of harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion in bottom layers of oceans, estuaries, and lakes. These changes can disrupt traditional fisheries and recreational use in many coastal areas. An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the concentration of phytoplankton algae that occurs when conditions turn favorable for algal growth. A typical example of a bloom is the phytoplankton spring bloom. Algal blooms are natural phenomena that remove dissolved carbon and nutrients. In addition, they produce new biomass that supports higher trophic levels including fish and fisheries. However, the blooms also lead to excessive turbidity, oxygen depletion in the bottom layers, and the possible death of fish, benthic animals, and bottom vegetation.
Sex and Gender Roles, Division of Labor in

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The sexual division of labor refers to the differentiation of tasks and their allocation between men and women, which are reproduced as normative social arrangements. It can refer to the tasks themselves, the organization of those tasks, and the distribution of the products of work. Feminist analysis notes a critical connection between the sexual division of labor and the position of women in any given society. Some kind of sex‐based differentiation of involvement in production is deemed to exist in all societies and the analysis of the division of tasks on the basis of sex is linked conceptually to the Marxist legacy that emphasizes the division of labor as a foundation for class difference in capitalist societies. Reflecting this Marxist analogy, the sexual division of labor is analyzed as an aspect of the functioning of a system (a sex‐gender system or a gender regime) commonly labeled as “patriarchal” that ultimately benefits the rule of men over women.
A PSO Based Modified Multistage Controller for Automatic Generation Control with integrating Renewable Sources and FACT Device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on modelling of two area hydro-thermal interconnected system integrated with wind, Small Hydro Plant (SHP) and Solar Thermal Plant (STP). Flexible AC Transmission (FACT) device named as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and an energy storing element called Super Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit is incorporated in the model. To control and monitor the system, an effective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimized multistage controller is proposed. The effectiveness of the suggested controller is verified under diverse step and time varying load perturbation. The superiority of controlling action of the proposed controller is also proved to be efficient than other prominent controllers. System stability is analyzed and found to be stable through the establishment of Eigen value analysis and bode plot. Furthermore, the system behavior is studied with various combination of SSSC and SMES in different area simultaneously. To make the analysis more realistic, appropriate time delay is included in the proposed study. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the network by varying the different system parameters, governed through a multistage controller is carried out.
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare NGB 31251

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare
Common name(s): Barley
Other names: Camir
Conserved by: Nordgen (NORDGEN), Sweden
Local sample unique identifier: NGB 31251
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2013-01-01
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Included
Pork Jerky Fermented with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Angel Yeast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Angel Yeast was used to produce fermented pork jerky, and a series of indexes were measured including pH, free amino acids contents, protease activities of the fermented pork jerky, the non-fermented jerky, the remaining fermented medium, and the medium before fermentation. The true protein contents and volatile compounds of the jerkies before and after fermentation were also determined. The results demonstrated that the pH of the fermented jerky (4.75) was lower than the non-fermented jerky (6.42); the true protein content of the fermented jerky (68.50 g/100 g) was lower than that of the non-fermented jerky (81.09 g/100 g); the free amino acids content of the fermented jerky (117.0 mg/100 g) was higher than the non-fermented jerky (25.27 mg/100 g); the acid protease activity (20.25 U/g) was slightly higher than the neutral protease activity (15.69 U/g) in the fermented jerky; four and fifteen volatile compounds were detected for the non-fermented and fermented jerky, respectively. The important compounds affecting the flavor of fermented jerky included DL-Glutamic Acid, Phenylethyl Alcohol, 1-Octen-3-ol, Nonanal, Pentanal, 3-Methyl- Butanal, and 2-Pentyl-Furan. The study results demonstrated that the strains combined with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Angel Yeast reduced the meat pH, degraded the protein in the meat by the proteases (including acid and neutral proteases) produced during fermentation, and increased the amount of free amino acids and flavored compounds. In these ways, the meat texture and taste were improved, and digestion and absorption were enhanced.
15 5 Reflections on Trans & Taxonomy (with Neo Musangi)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This reflection juxtaposes African queer studies and visual studies to consider how African queerness is represented. Taking the work of Kenyan photographer Neo Musangi as its point of departure, it foregrounds questions raised by representations of trans individuals about the politics of knowledge and the ethics of opacity. As trans activists and intellectuals have noted, the visual is an especially vexed site of gendered policing, and I consider how quotidian habits of visual analysis risk performing similar policing. Instead of situating trans visual art and activism as exceptional, as requiring special analytic tools, I argue that it teaches us to re-think our assumptions about all African art, refusing to take for granted gendered, sexed, and sexualised categories and practices.
Intratumoral T-cell infiltration and response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from the CheckMate-214 trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4536 Background: We have previously shown that levels of antigen-experienced but not terminally exhausted CD8 + TILs (i.e. CD8 + PD1 + TIM3 - LAG3 - TILs) are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients (pts) with metastatic clear cell RCC (mccRCC) treated with nivolumab monotherapy within three independent clinical trials (CheckMate-010, CheckMate-025, HCRN GU16-260). Here, we aimed to evaluate the performance of this biomarker in patients with mccRCC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (Nivo+Ipi) versus sunitinib (Sun) as part of the CheckMate-214 (CM-214) clinical trial. Methods: Pre-treatment, formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from the CM-214 clinical trial were stained with a multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assay and the density of CD8+PD1+TIM3-LAG3- TILs (mIF biomarker) was quantified using Halo image analysis software. The correlation between the mIF biomarker and clinical outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR), was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models. The significance level was set at 5% (2-sided). Results: Following quality control, mIF data were obtained for 255 intermediate-and poor-risk patients (Nivo+Ipi= 136, Sun= 119). A comparison between patients with mIF biomarker data available and those without, showed no imbalance with regards to ORR and PFS in the Nivo+Ipi group. However, in the Sun group, pts with mIF biomarker data showed a higher ORR compared to pts without available data (33% vs 24%). In Nivo+Ipi-treated pts, the mIF biomarker measured as continuous variable showed a trend for a positive association with ORR (OR = 1.23, p = 0.1162) but no association with PFS (HR 0.97, p = 0.688). In Sun-treated pts, the mIF biomarker measured as continuous variable showed a trend for a positive association with ORR (OR = 1.32, p = 0.0726) and a significant positive association with PFS (HR= 0.78, p = 0.004. However, given that Sun-treated pts with available mIF data were enriched for responders, results obtained in the Sun group should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions: In contrast to Nivo monotherapy, pre-treatment levels of CD8+ PD1+ TIM-3-LAG-3- TILs were not associated with improved clinical outcomes to Nivo+Ipi. These results suggest that the baseline levels of intratumoral T-cell inflammation do not represent a strong determinant of response to anti-CTLA4-based therapy in mccRCC, which is consistent with the knowledge that anti-CTLA4 therapy (Ipi) can recruit new T cells into the tumor. The association between CD8+ PD1+ TIM-3-LAG-3- TILs and outcomes on sunitinib needs further investigation.
Paving the road to make chimeric antigen receptor‐T‐cell therapy effective against solid tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The three major standard therapies, that is, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have conventionally been applied to the treatments for cancers and have saved many patients. In addition, for intractable, refractory, or advanced malignancies that cannot be cured by the three standard therapies, immunotherapy is an important subject of basic and clinical researches. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has shown significant therapeutic efficacies on some types of tumors in large‐scale randomized clinical trials, making a major impact on clinical oncology by scientifically proving and establishing the effectiveness of an immunotherapy. In 2018, ICI was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and immunotherapy is now becoming the “fourth” standard therapy for cancers. Recently, adoptive cell therapies, in which genetically modified T cells with enhanced reactivity against tumors are infused into the patients, have been attracting considerable attention as a hopeful immunotherapy following ICI. Particularly, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapies demonstrate marked therapeutic efficacies against some hematologic malignancies, and have been approved in many countries. However, current CAR‐T‐cell therapy is considered to be little effective against solid tumors, which is one of the challenging issues to be overcome in CAR‐T‐cell therapy. In this review, we at first introduce CAR and CAR‐T cell, and then focus on the recent progress of CAR‐T‐cell therapy against solid tumors as well as the novel concept on a role of CAR‐T cells, aiming to further understandings of the novel cancer immunotherapies.
International students’ social media use and social adjustment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on a survey of international students enrolled in a U.S. university, this study examines how social media use is associated with perceived social support and adjustment when demographic and social psychological characteristics are controlled for. Our research shows that level of social media use is positively associated with level of perceived social adjustment but not with level of perceived social support. International students don’t feel comfortable discussing their distress via social media due to complex cultural internetworking present in the online networking sphere. The results of this study indicate that in studying this topic we should take into account both common challenges in getting social support online and special circumstances facing international students. The current study offers scholarly and policy implications for providing relevant social, academic, and professional resources to international students in the United States — a group that has significantly grown in numbers in the past decade.
Precocious puberty and non-accidental injury.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Precocious puberty and non-accidental injuryTrue precocious puberty in boys is often associated with organic brain disease.Although trauma is sometimes listed as a cause of precocious puberty, in a review of recent reports no mention of such an association was found.A case is reported, therefore, of a boy who developed isosexual precocity after non-accidental head injury. Case reportThe boy was born-in Britain to Pakistani parents.At the age of 6 weeks
The applicability of the Nicodemo, Moraes and Médici Filho’s method (1974) for age estimation among children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: It was evaluated the applicability of the Table of Permanent Teeth Mineralization among Brazilians for age estimation with forensic purposes. Method: The PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Report of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) were used for study design, and bibliographical searches were performed in the databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS and SIGLE, according to PICO/PECO strategy. Results: A total of 10,280 records were retrieved from the databases, of which 20 articles were selected for full-text analysis after preliminary screening. Five articles plus one additional article selected by manual search were included in the final review, totaling six articles. The selected studies presented a cross-sectional design, five of which were developed in Brazil and two abroad. The assessment of methodological quality, performed with the use of QUADAS adapted by Lopes (2012), indicated that all six studies met more than 50% of the quality requirements and one of them met all the requirements. To compare the estimated and actual chronological age, four studies utilized correlation analysis while two employed descriptive statistics. The findings revealed discrepancy between the estimated age and the actual chronological age, which led the majority of authors to advocate a moderate use of the method as well as to indicate the use of correction factors for specific populations and its association with other age estimation methods. Conclusion: the existing evidence on the applicability of the Nicodemo, Moraes and Médici Filho’s method (1974) for age estimation with forensic purposes is moderate, given the scarcity of studies and methodological heterogeneity between them.
The interacting effect of increasing cognitive and motor task demands on performance of gait, balance and cognition in young adults.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purposes of this study were to: 1) evaluate the effect of walking speed on gait, balance and cognitive task performance and 2) examine the effect of dual task (cognitive load) on gait balance and cognitive task performance. Twenty young healthy adults (24+6 years of age) were recruited and each participant walked on a motorised treadmill at two speeds(0.5m/s and 0.8m/s), first without performing cognitive tasks, then while performing three types of cognitive loaded tasks. The speed had a significant effect on average and coefficient of variation of temporal gait parameters (P<0.001), cognitive task performance (P<0.001) and center of pressure excursion (P<0.001). No statistically significant effect of speed was found ML trunk displacement. However, dual task (cognitive load) had significant effect on COV of temporal gait (P<0.001), cognition (P<0.001) and trunk motion (P<0.001). In conclusion, the speed and dual task had significant effect on locomotors rhythm, balance, and cognitive performances.
Fermi level pinning on the (110) oxidized surface of AIII-Sb semiconductors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pinning of the Fermi level on the oxidized (110) surface of AIII-Sb semiconductors (GaSb, Ga0.78In0.22As0.18Sb0.82, Ga0.66Al0.34As0.025Sb0.975) was studied. It is shown that the Fermi level is pinned at 4.65 ± 0.1 eV from the vacuum level. The presence of Sb was shown for the photooxidized Ga0.78In0.22As0.18Sb0.82 and Ga0.66Al0.34As0.025Sb0.975 surfaces. The formation of Sb on the surface because of faster oxidation of group III elements results in pinning of the Fermi level at the same distance from the vacuum level in III-Sb compounds.