jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
eLife Assessment: N-WASP-dependent branched actin polymerization attenuates B-cell receptor signaling by increasing the molecular density of receptor clusters

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for initiating and regulating B-cell activation. The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in BCR signaling. Upon encountering cell-surface antigens, actin-driven B-cell spreading amplifies signaling, while B-cell contraction following spreading leads to signal attenuation. However, the mechanism by which actin dynamics switch BCR signaling from amplification to attenuation is unknown. Here, we show that Arp2/3-mediated branched actin polymerization is required for B-cell contraction. Contracting B-cells generate centripetally moving actin foci from lamellipodial F-actin networks in the B-cell plasma membrane region contacting antigen-presenting surfaces. Actin polymerization driven by N-WASP, but not WASP, generates these actin foci. N-WASP-dependent actin foci facilitate non-muscle myosin II recruitment to the contact zone to create actomyosin ring-like structures. Furthermore, B-cell contraction increases BCR molecular density in individual clusters, leading to decreased BCR phosphorylation. Increased BCR molecular density reduced levels of the stimulatory kinase Syk, the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP-1, and their phosphorylated forms in individual BCR clusters. These results suggest that N-WASP-activated Arp2/3 generates centripetally moving foci and contractile actomyosin ring-like structures from lamellipodial networks, enabling contraction. B-cell contraction attenuates BCR signaling by pushing out both stimulatory kinases and inhibitory phosphatases from BCR clusters, providing novel insights into actin-facilitated signal attenuation.
S0271 Multi-Target Stool DNA: Rates and Reasons for Screening Failures in an Urban Health System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Multitarget stool DNA (MT-sDNA) is a screening test for colorectal cancer (CRC) with a reported sensitivity of 92% for detecting cancer, however it is a two-stage approach that requires patients with a positive MT-sDNA to undergo subsequent colonoscopy. The rates and reasons why patients who opt for this screening modality do not successfully complete the process have not previously been described. METHODS: We performed an analysis of all MT-sDNA orders over a 3-year period at a Chicago-area health system that incorporates 3 Illinois hospitals. MT-sDNA results were divided into 3 categories: positive, negative, and uninterpretable. Screening failures were defined as those patients that had a positive stool test and failed to complete subsequent colonoscopy, and those patients whose samples were uninterpretable specimens. If colonoscopy was not performed, the reasons for lack of completion were analyzed by chart review. These reasons were divided into three categories: 1) medical reasons that preclude colonoscopy, 2) patient refused, and 3) lack of follow up, or failure to schedule colonoscopy within 6 months after referral. Differences between groups were calculated by two sided Fishers Exact test with P = 0.05 as significant. RESULTS: A total of 2,918 MT-sDNA results from kits were received, of which 385 (13.2%) were positive, 2161 (74.1%) were negative, and 372 (12.7%) of the specimens were uninterpretable. The rate of screening failures was 472/2918 = 16.1%. Of the total screening failures (n = 472), 78.8% (n = 372) were due to an inadequate sample received by the company, and the remaining 21.2% (n = 100) of screening failures were from those who had a positive MT-sDNA but failed to complete colonoscopy. Of the patients with positive MT-sDNA, failure to complete colonoscopy occurred in 100/385 (25.9%) of the cohort. Demographics of the adherent and non-adherent to colonoscopy groups are shown in Table 1. Of the 100 remaining patients that did not complete colonoscopy, 7 (7%) were due to medical reasons, 23 (23%) refused colonoscopy and 70 (70%) had lack of follow up. CONCLUSION: A relatively high rate of the patients undergoing CRC screening by MT-sDNA in our cohort were considered screening failures. The most common reason for screening failures was inadequate sample, occurring in 12.7%, with additional 25% of positive MT-sDNA failing to complete colonoscopy. Efforts to reduce these reasons for screening failures should be implemented to improve screening compliance.Table 1.: Demographics of Patients with Positive MT-sDNA
Life Goals Increase Self-regulation among Male Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The final model was found to be a good fit to data. In testing indirect effects, it was shown that intrinsic life goals via emotion dysregulation, self-control, and alcohol abstinence self-efficacy decreased alcohol self-regulation failure. On the other hand, extrinsic life goals via these factors increased alcohol self-regulation failure. Conclusions/Importance: These results suggest that intrinsic goals might indirectly be the important and protective factors for AUD. Moreover, the findings implicate that self-regulation through goal setting may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and improve function among patients with AUD.
Morphological Variations Observed on the Sand Smelt (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810) Populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The morphological characteristics of marine and fresh water populations of A. boyeri were described in detail for the first time from the Turkish waters, and their metric and meristic characters were compared both with one another and with those given previously for its brackish water population from Lake Küçükçekmece. It was realized that the distribution of these characteristics remained within the ranges given for the Mediterranean Basin. The morphology of premaxilla, of scale and of vertebra, and the difference in color form the differential properties among these three populations.
Exploratory model of multicultural personality, bicultural competence, minority stress, and the impact on college persistence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research has shown that although college enrollment rates for racial and ethnic minority students is growing, these students are still at a significantly higher risk for dropping out than their White counterparts. The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between minority status stress and college persistence and the impact of two proposed moderators, multicultural personality dispositions and bicultural competence. Data was gathered from 121 African American, Caribbean American, and Latino/a college students to evaluate the impact of minority status stress on their persistence decisions and the role of multicultural personality dispositions and bicultural competence as moderators of this relationship. Results revealed that minority status stress was not related to students' likelihood to persist. Additionally, bicultural competence was found to have a moderate, negative relationship with minority status stress, and multicultural personality dispositions demonstrated a strong relationship with students' level of persistence.
A Flexible and High-Performance Self-Organizing Feature Map Training Acceleration Circuit and Its Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is a type of artificial neural network based on an unsupervised learning algorithm. In this work, we present a circuit for accelerating SOFM training, which forms the foundation for an effective, efficient, and flexible SOFM training platform for different network geometries, including array, rectangular, and binary tree. FPGA validation was also conducted to examine the speedup ratio of this circuit when compared with training using software. In addition, we applied our design to three applications: chromaticity diagram learning, MNIST handwritten numeral auto-labeling, and image vector quantization. All three experiments show that the proposed circuit architecture indeed provides a high-performance and cost-effective solution to SOFM training.
The way through liquor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analyzing clinical and experimental data of different authors, Hauptmann comes to the following conclusions: metalytic diseases cannot be explained only by the presence of spirochaetes in the brain; of great importance here are also the general toxic effects of the luetic infection; Whereas the immune-strong organism destroys the spirochaetes by phagocytosis (hence the strong secondary reactions), the immune-weak one (future metalyuetes, without strong cutaneous reactions) fights them extracellularly as with any foreign protein; this weakness may depend on the organism itself and on the spirochaetes (e.g. , The endotoxins released during the second kind of struggle affect especially the vascular endothelium and increase the permeability of the "barrier between the blood and the liquor".
The politics of judicial discretion: Rethinking the interaction between national courts and the Eurpean court of justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recognition that courts play a significant role in the process of European integration has focused attention on the interaction between national judges and the European Court of Justice. The prevailing theoretical model of this interaction holds that a variety of incentives impel national judges to co‐operate with the ECJ by providing it with frequent preliminary references. This article tests the ability of the model to account for the behaviour of national courts during the period 1972–94. In assessing the utility of the model two central claims are made. First, that the model as currently constructed is incapable of explaining the patterns of references originating from various member states, particularly the consistent lack of references from British courts. Second, that the level of British references, and patterns of judicial co‐operation in general, can be better understood by questioning the model's core assumption ‐ that national judges face powerful incentives to refer to the ECJ. As a first step in this direction, the article examines how the discretion to make or withhold references bestows on national judges the power to hasten or retard the pace of integration as well as to influence specific policy outcomes.
Autostereotyping and National Identity in The Spanish Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to explore qualities attributed to the Spanish nationality and factors predicting identification with Spanishness. National identity can be defined as a socio-psychological space of belonging, as an identification with some significant traits, and as a consciousness, more or less elaborated, of sharing a space of life (De La Torre, 1997). Identification with one’s national group implies the acquisition of beliefs, attitudes and values that are socially shared within the group and which are evaluated by both the ingroup and the outgroup. This evaluation takes place through social comparison (Tajfel, 1981a), which may occur at different levels (Brown &amp; Heager, 1999; Hinkle
Electron transfer from aromatic compounds to phenyliodinium and diphenylsulfinium radical cations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Phenyliodinium (I˙+) and diphenylsulfinium radical cations (II˙+) have been generated by flash photolysis (λinc= 347 nm) of diphenyliodonium ions (I+) and diphenyl (4-phenylthiophenyl) sulfonium ions (II+) in acetonitrile solutions at room temperature. I˙+ and II˙+ were found to undergo electron-transfer reactions with benzene derivatives resulting in the formation of radical cations of the aromatic compounds. A study involving 25 compounds including various methyl- and methoxy-benzenes, biphenyl, phenol and cresols revealed that electron transfer is independent of the ionization energy Ei provided that the rates are encounter-controlled. This applies to cases where Ei does not exceed a critical value: Ei, crit≈ 820 kJ mol–1(I˙+) and 780 kJ mol–1(II˙+). Bimolecular rate constants decrease with increasing Ei in the case of aromatic compounds having ionization energies exceeding the critical values. A Marcus-inverted region was not detected.
Risk-seeking insider trading with partial observation in continuous time

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<abstract><p>In this paper, a continuous-time insider trading model is investigated in which an insider is risk-seeking and market makers may receive partial information on the value of a risky asset. With the help of filtering theory and dynamic programming principle, the uniqueness and existence of linear equilibrium is established. It shows that (ⅰ) as time goes by, the residual information decreases, but both the trading intensity and the market liquidity increases, and (ⅱ) with the partial observation accuracy decreasing, both the market liquidity and the residual information will increase while the trading intensity decreases. On the whole, the risk-seeking insider is eager to trade all the trading period, and for market development, it is necessary to increase the insider's risk-preference behavior appropriately.</p></abstract>
Data from Ganitumab (AMG 479) Inhibits IGF-II–Dependent Ovarian Cancer Growth and Potentiates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Ganitumab is an investigational, fully human monoclonal antibody against IGF-IR. Here, we explore the therapeutic potential of ganitumab for the treatment of ovarian cancer.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> The effects of ganitumab were tested <i>in vitro</i> against a panel of 23 established ovarian cancer cell lines. The ability of ganitumab to inhibit IGF-I–, IGF-II–, and insulin-mediated signaling was examined <i>in vitro</i> and in tumor xenografts using ovarian cancer models displaying IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT pathway activation by two distinct mechanisms, PTEN loss and IGF-II overexpression. Drug interactions between ganitumab and cisplatin, carboplatin, or paclitaxel were studied <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><b>Results:</b><i>In vitro</i>, growth inhibition varied significantly among individual ovarian cancer cell lines. IGF-II mRNA and phospho–IGF-IR protein expression were quantitatively correlated with response to ganitumab, and PTEN mutations conferred resistance to ganitumab. Ganitumab potently inhibited baseline and IGF-I–, IGF-II–, and insulin-induced IGF-IR and IGF-IR/insulin hybrid receptor signaling <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Synergistic and additive drug interactions were seen for ganitumab and carboplatin or paclitaxel <i>in vitro</i>. Furthermore, ganitumab significantly increased the efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian cancer xenograft models <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These observations provide a biologic rationale to test ganitumab as a single agent or in combination with carboplatin/cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, assessment of tumor expression of IGF-II, phospho–IGF-IR, or PTEN status may help select patients with ovarian cancer who are most likely to benefit from ganitumab. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2947–58. ©2014 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Bayesian Matrix Factorization for Visual Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual tracking is an open issue in computer vision. Designing an robust tracking algorithm is a challenging problem due to complicated appearance variations, such as partial occlusion, illumination variations, fast motion and out-of-plane rotation. Some tracking algorithms use a set of templates to represent a target candidate. Such representations are not robust to drastic appearance variations. In order to alleviate the influence of appearance variations and outliers, we propose a novel tracking algorithm based on a robust Bayesian matrix factorization, where sample data is decomposed into a basis matrix and a coefficient matrix. The sample data is consist of previous tracking results. A column vector is stacked by a tracking result in a frame. A target candidate is represented by a linear combinations of the columns in the basis matrix. The matrix factorization can capture the correlation between different features in sample data. Also the appearance variations in tracking processing can be learnt in matrix factorization. Experimental results demonstrate the appearance models is effective and the proposed tracker in a particle filter tracking framework is robust to outliers and complicated appearance variations.
Examining the Relationship between Gender and Drug-Using Behaviors in Adolescents: The Use of Diagnostic Assessments and Biochemical Analyses of Urine Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study examined the relationship between gender and drug-use among adolescents using diagnostic assessments and biochemical analyses of urine samples. The data were collected in the context of a referral and assessment program for adolescents suspected of using drugs, using the Adolescent Substance Battery [1]. A six-month random sample of 20 percent of adolescents assessed for drug use were targeted for biochemical assay. Compliance for urine delivery was relatively high at 91 percent. Urine samples were quantitatively screened for pharmaceuticals using a standard thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique [2]. Statistical significance was found in the relationship between gender and marijuana use ( p = .05). This study confirms that gender and drug-using behaviors among adolescents need additional research and evaluation.
[The effect of zinc on inflammatory reaction in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) on the changes of inflammatory cytokines after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and to explore the potential mechanism. Two hundred Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and DEDTC (Zn chelator) treated group. MCAO model was established by the suture method. Rats were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 h after reperfusion. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was conducted to measure the brain infarct volume. Newport Green was adopted to detect the chelatable zinc in the cerebral penumbra. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was performed to determine the release of TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore Western blot was used to analyze the expression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that DEDTC resulted in a significant reduction of brain infarct volume and an obvious improvement of neurological function compared to the model group. DEDTC also decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. The activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway induced by I/R injury was drastically inhibited by the treatment with DEDTC. In conclusion, DEDTC could protect the brain against ischemic injury induced by MCAO, which might be relevant to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the decreased release of inflammatory cytokines.
Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma: Emerging Evidence of Multicentric Cutaneous Origin and Occasional Concurrence With Analogous Breast Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a low-grade carcinoma with predilection for the eyelid. It is analogous to solid papillary carcinoma of the breast with both expressing neuroendocrine markers and the potential to progress to invasive mucinous carcinoma (IMC). Although over 80 cases of EMPSGC have been reported, few multicentric cases have been described in the literature. In this article, we report 9 cases of EMPSGC including 3 with multicentric disease. Methods: A computerized search was performed for EMPSGC and IMC of the eyelid from January 2000 to February 2021. Records were reviewed for age, sex, tumor location, and clinical impression. Results: Eight EMPSGC (7 associated with IMC) and 1 IMC of the eyelid were identified. Lesions were slightly more common in men (55%) than women. The mean age of presentation was 76 years (range, 59–98 years). Lesions ranged from 2.5 to 12 mm. Three cases had multicentric synchronous lesions on the skin. Histologically, these were well-circumscribed dermal tumors with solid or partially cystic nodules. Tested tumors expressed at least 1 neuroendocrine marker and were positive for CK7, ER/PR, 1 or more of GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, and GATA-3. One case had an associated IMC of the breast, and another case was associated with an intraductal papilloma of the breast in a man. There was no evidence of metastasis. Conclusion: EMPSGC is a low-grade adnexal neoplasm, commonly affecting the eyelid of the elderly. Lesions often progress to IMC, metastases being exceptionally rare. EMPSGC can be bilateral and multicentric. Concurrence with breast neoplasms has been observed and deserves investigation.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Children in Southeast of Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by arbovirus which can be transmitted to human by several routes. Tick bite and living in a rural area have been the most common factors for inception of CCHF in adults and children in studies reported from Iran. Objectives: This study was conducted to detect the disease acquisition routes among children with confirmed CCHF in southeastern Iran. Patients and Methods: We evaluated all the files of patients with confirmed CCHF who were younger than 19 years old and were admitted to university hospitals (Zahedan, Southeastern Iran) during January 2000-January 2014. Results: Among 41 children and adolescents with CCHF (35 males and six females with age range of 5-19 years), animal contacts (23%) and living in endemic area (19%) were the most common factors for acquisition of the disease. Conclusions: Children and adolescents can acquire CCHF through the same routes that adults can be infected; but, in children tick bite is an uncommon way.
CFD-Based Approach to Propose a Zigzag-Shaped Tube Heat Exchanger without Fins

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study explores the application of zigzag-shaped, finless tubes in enhancing heat transfer performance within heat exchangers. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations, we examined the heat transfer per unit area and the volume of the pressure drop, comparing these findings with a traditional parallel tube heat exchanger. This innovative design strategy involved arranging zigzag-shaped tubes at varying distances, and the thermal transfer and frictional characteristics were tested at different air speeds. This research suggests that the introduction of zigzag heat exchangers, as opposed to traditional fin-and-tube designs, led to a significant improvement in heat transfer. This enhancement is attributed to the swirling flow created around the zigzag tubes, which increased the total heat transfer area. Furthermore, we found that the heat transfer area increased by 14.2%, 32.1%, and 63.9% for tube zigzag angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°, respectively, when compared to a parallel tube heat exchanger. Consequently, the zigzag-shaped tube heat exchanger demonstrated not only superior heat transfer, but also a reduction in frictional pressure loss.