jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NRG1 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis and afatinib treatment efficiency is enhanced by NRG1 inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by significant heterogeneity in incidence and outcomes. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of multiple organ systems. While dysregulation of NRG1 is involved in the progression of multiple cancers, its specific role and contribution to the aggressiveness of ESCC remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions and molecular mechanisms of NRG1 in ESCC, as well as explore potential treatment strategies for ESCC cases with NRG1 overexpression. Methods We examined the expression levels of NRG1 in esophageal cancer and analyzed its correlation with gene copy number amplification and DNA methylation regulation. Various cellular and molecular assays were conducted to elucidate the functional role of NRG1 in ESCC. Additionally, the signaling pathways associated with NRG1 were investigated. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of afatinib in ESCC with NRG1 overexpression, as well as the combined approach of NRG1 down-regulation and afatinib treatment. Results Our findings revealed that NRG1 was upregulated in esophageal cancer, showing a correlation with gene copy number amplification but not DNA methylation regulation. NRG1 was found to promote cell proliferation, migration, inhibit apoptosis, and accelerate tumorigenesis and metastasis in ESCC. Moreover, we discovered that NRG1 activated the NF-κB/MMP9 signaling pathway via the HER3-HER2/MAPK/PI3K pathway, contributing to the metastatic phenotype observed in ESCC. Finally, we demonstrated that afatinib effectively inhibited ESCC with NRG1 overexpression, and the combination of NRG1 down-regulation and afatinib treatment exhibited a more efficient strategy. Conclusions Our data strongly support the conclusion that NRG1 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker for ESCC treatment.
The Short-Term Effects of Different Cueing Modalities on Turn Speed in People with Parkinson’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Turning has been associated with instability, falls, and freezing in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective. To investigate the effect of different modalities of rhythmic cueing on the duration of a functional turn in freezers and nonfreezers. Methods. A total of 133 patients with idiopathic PD while in the on phase of the medication cycle participated in this study as part of a subanalysis from the RESCUE trial. The effect of 3 different cue modalities on functional turning performance was investigated, involving a 180° turn while picking up a tray. Time to perform this task was measured using an activity monitor. Tests were performed without cues and with auditory, visual, and somatosensory cues delivered in a randomized order at preferred straight-line stepping frequency. Results. Cueing (all types) increased the speed of the turn in all subjects. There was no difference between turn performance of freezers and nonfreezers in cued and noncued conditions. Auditory cues made turning significantly faster than visual cues ( P < .01) but not compared with somatosensory cues, except in nonfreezers. There was a short-term carryover in the final noncued trial. Conclusions. Rhythmical cueing yielded faster performance of a functional turn in both freezers and nonfreezers. This may be explained by enhancing attentional mechanisms during turning. Although no harmful effects were recorded, the safety of cueing for turning as a therapeutic strategy needs further study.
sj-pdf-2-asm-10.1177_10731911211033897 – Supplemental material for Development and Initial Validation of a Scale Assessing Suicide-Specific Rumination: The Suicide Rumination Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-asm-10.1177_10731911211033897 for Development and Initial Validation of a Scale Assessing Suicide-Specific Rumination: The Suicide Rumination Scale by Megan L. Rogers, Keyne C. Law, Claire Houtsma, Raymond P. Tucker, Michael D. Anestis and Thomas E. Joiner in Assessment
Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The assessment of iron deficiency anemia in infants is a clinical challenge because of the high requirements for iron to support expansion of the blood volume during rapid growth and development. Infants are endowed with only adequate storage iron to support this iron requirement for the first 4 to 6 months of life and premature infants even less than that. Hemoglobin is a measure of anemia but is not specific to iron deficiency, which requires the additional measurement of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and protoporphyrin levels to assess iron nutrition. Premature infants that receive transfusion or erythropoietin therapy are special diagnostic challenge. An accurate classification of iron status requires multiple biomarkers of iron storage and transport adequacy and in the absence of standardized assay material for several tests, becomes quite problematic.
Acetic Acid Enables Precise Tailoring of the Mechanical Behavior of Protein-Based Hydrogels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Engineering viscoelastic and biocompatible materials with tailored mechanical and microstructure properties capable of mimicking the biological stiffness (<17 kPa) or serving as bioimplants will bring protein-based hydrogels to the forefront in the biomaterials field. Here, we introduce a method that uses different concentrations of acetic acid (AA) to control the covalent tyrosine-tyrosine cross-linking interactions at the nanoscale level during protein-based hydrogel synthesis and manipulates their mechanical and microstructure properties without affecting protein concentration and (un)folding nanomechanics. We demonstrated this approach by adding AA as a precursor to the preparation buffer of a photoactivated protein-based hydrogel mixture. This strategy allowed us to synthesize hydrogels made from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and eight repeats protein L structure, with a fine-tailored wide range of stiffness (2-35 kPa). Together with protein engineering technologies, this method will open new routes in developing and investigating tunable protein-based hydrogels and extend their application toward new horizons.
Beyond Wages: The Effects of Immigration on the Scale and Composition of Output *

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study potential economic benefits of immigration stemming from two factors: first, that immigrants bring not only their labor supply w ith them, but also their consumption demands; and second, that immigrants may have a comparative advantage in the production of ethnic goods. Using data on the universe of busines s establishments located in California between 1992 and 2002 matched with Census of Population data, we find some evidence that immigrant inflows boost employment in the retail se ctor, which is non-traded and a nonintensive user of immigrant labor. We find that imm igration is associated with fewer stand-alone retail stores, and a greater number of large and in particular big-box retailers ‐ evidence that likely contradicts a diversity-enhancing effect of immigration. On the other hand, focusing more sharply on the restaurant sector, for which we can better identify the types of products consumed by customers, the evidence indicates that immigrati on is associated with increased ethnic diversity of restaurants.
Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is defined as an infection of the endocardial surface, the cardiac valves (native or prosthetic) or an indwelling cardiac device​[1]​. IE is associated with high morbidity and mortality; in-hospital mortality rates range from 15–30% while the five-year mortality rate can reach 40%​[1–4]​. Patient outcomes are worse in the presence of certain factors […]
Coherent wave reflection in integrable or chaotic symmetrical acoustical billiards

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study is concerned with the distribution of flexural vibrations in plates excited with a Gaussian white noise. The distribution of energy can be characterized by its homogeneity and isotropy. Some particular geometries like the Bunimovitch stadium generate a field that is both homogeneous and isotropic. But other geometries produce a field that is homogeneous but not isotropic (like the rectangle panel) or non-isotropic and not homogeneous (like the circular panel). It is known that these features drive the establishment of diffuse field. However, in the present work, we show that even at high frequency and for these three particular geometries, the diffuse field cannot be reached rigorously. Owing to symmetries, the vibrational response is always enhanced on some particular lines and points by the effect of coherence between rays. The enhancement factors are predicted theoretically with the image-source method. The presence of energy enhancement is also shown experimentally by measuring the vibrational energy density in the 20 Hz–4 kHz frequency range for these three plates excited with a random white noise. Measurement of enhancement factors shows a good agreement with their theoretical predictions.
Professional Practice-Implementing a Pressure Ulcer Prevention Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The new CMS guidelines regarding the prevention of pressure ulcers in acute care are now in effect. Faced with nonpayment for hospital-acquired conditions, including pressure ulcers, we gained full administrative support for our program. Recruiting and organizing our SWAT team was fun and exciting and the enthusiasm of the participants—nurses, nursing assistants and physical therapists—is evident. The daunting task of educating the team was our challenge. PURPOSE: The educational needs of our SWAT could have been met by dedicating all our resources to teaching, however we evaluated and incorporated an educational program already available to us, saving valuable time and resources. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was that educational program had to be evidence-based, interactive and support WOC Nursing. OUTCOMES: Realizing that pressure ulcer prevention will only be successful if the entire healthcare team is on board, we focused on every member of the healthcare system—centered on the patient. The educational program includes modules for the nursing assistant, the professional staff as well as the patient and family. The program suggests staff celebration upon successful completion. It encourages ownership and empowerment of the responsibility of pressure ulcer prevention throughout the entire acute care system and our home health agency. Along with this educational program, we chose a best in class skin care product line that promotes cellular health delivered to the skin. The skin care* regime includes the tenets of cleaning, moisturizing, protecting, and nourishing. Implementing education and ownership to our SWAT team which is completely supported by administration provided the model for other teams within our healthcare system—Diabetes team and Infection Control team. Our very independent and assertive SWAT team is now providing weekly newsletters, unit posters, and assisting with monitoring the hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, most of which is on their own time.
The Emotional Promulgation of Social Norms in Social Networks Based on Structural Properties

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Social norms play an important role in regulating the behavior of societies. They are behavioral standards that are considered acceptable in a group or society and violating them will result in sanction to violator. Both governments and various cultural communities use this social component to solve various problems in society. The use of norms leads to a large reduction in community spending to control harmful behaviors. Social norms have two important aspects of promulgating and sanctioning. They are promulgated by activists in the community and, after creation, are endorsed with a sanction. Norms can be used to promote a variety of different behaviors. Online social networks have established a new and influential platform for promulgating social norms. We first redefined the Rescorla-Wagner conditional learning model in the context of social norms with the help of a norm’s intrinsic properties, and extract the main coefficients in the Rescorla-Wagner model related to it. Based on this model, we extract a network structure related parameter (i.e. clustering coefficient) for any individual in the social network to promulgate the norm with the conditional learning method. In this paper, by using the intrinsic properties of norms, we use and tune the Rescorla-Wagner conditioning model in order to obtain a new model for social norm promulgation. Based on this, we define criteria for the amount of effort required to promulgate norms in social networks. We show that there is negative correlation between the amount of effort required by each node to promulgate a norm and the clustering coefficient of that node. This result can be used to devise effective algorithms for social norms evolution.
Locating learning: making connections between virtual and physical spaces with mobile touch-screen devices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper is concerned with the potential of mobile touch-screen devices and emerging socio-technological practices to support pedagogies of place that provide a means for young people to reflect critically on the social construction of place and to take actions that speak of and to their own locatedness. Drawing on de Certeau&rsquo;s (1984) concept of space as a practiced place and Massey&rsquo;s (2005) perspective of spatiality and interrelatedness, we examine two school-based examples of learning activities that bring together the virtual and physical as in experiences and representations of place. The first example is an Australian local history unit, where lower secondary school students participated in a series of field trips, planned and conducted under the guidance of an indigenous elder. They used Smartphones and iPads to capture and create personalised audio-visual records of their knowledge of place that were then used to create geo-location games. In the second example, upper primary school students worked with local authorities and environmental educators to select sites for two environmental monitoring posts, which were then installed and provided a locus for the students&rsquo; school-based environmental science learning as well as a vehicle for community engagement. Drawing on interview, video and photographic data, this paper examines the way mobile technologies were deployed for student knowledge production, engagement with place, reconstruction of place and engagement with community.\n\t\t\t\t
Enhanced platelet reactivity in heartworm-infected dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Platelet number, mean platelet volume, and platelet function were evaluated in 34 clinically normal dogs and 28 heartworm-infected ( hwi ) dogs. Mean platelet numbers for dogs of the hwi group was not significantly lower than those for dogs of the control group (214,000 vs 254,000 cells/μl); however, 6 (21%) hwi dogs had platelet numbers < 150,000/μl, compared with only 2 (6%) heartworm-negative dogs. The mean platelet volume was not significantly different (7.8 vs 7.7 fl) between the 2 groups of dogs. Mean platelet aggregation responses to intermediate and low concentrations of collagen (3.0 and 1.5 μg) and to high, intermediate, and low concentrations of adp (25, 10, and 5 μ M ) were greater in dogs of the hwi group. Mean platelet 14 C-serotonin release was also greater in hwi dogs in response to high concentration of adp (25 μ M ) and to intermediate concentration of collagen (3.0 μg).
Probiotic Lactobacillus Species and Their Biosurfactants Eliminate Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm in Various Manners

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A. baumannii biofilm is a significant virulence factor that causes the biofilm colonization of invasive illnesses. Rising bacterial resistance to synthetic antimicrobials has prompted researchers to look at natural alternatives, such as probiotics and their derivatives.
A Scheme for improving 5G Cell Search Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

PBCH demodulation is one of the important steps in 5G cell search. PBCH DMRS is specifically designed to provide channel information for PBCH demodulation. Because SSS is adjacent to DMRS and has the same EPRE as DMRS, SSS can be used for PBCH channel estimation with DMRS to improve the accuracy of channel estimation. Although PSS is also adjacent to DMRS, it can not be used for PBCH channel estimation due to the unknown EPRE ratio of PSS to DMRS. This paper proposes a scheme to estimate the EPRE ratio of PSS to SSS/DMRS. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can estimate the EPRE ratio accurately when SNR is above −4dB and joint channel estimation with PSS, SSS and DMRS can improve the success probability of cell search greatly compared to channel estimation with DMRS only.
Roles of the membrane-interactive regions of factor VIIa and tissue factor. The factor VIIa Gla domain is dispensable for binding to tissue factor but important for activation of factor X.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The roles of the putative membrane-interactive regions of factor VIIa (fVIIa) and tissue factor (TF) have been examined. Enzymatic removal of the 4-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain of fVIIa had no effect on hydrolysis of a tripeptidyl chromogenic substrate in the absence or presence of TF. Additionally, Gla-domainless fVIIa (GdVIIa) was similar to native fVIIa in activating factor X in the absence of TF and phospholipid. However, GdVIIa in complex with recombinant soluble TF (sTF) was 76-fold less efficient in factor X activation than was fVIIa.sTF. The difference increased to 740-fold using TF relipidated in vesicles composed of 80% phosphatidylcholine and 20% phosphatidylserine (TF/PCPS). While Gla domain deletion produced a 10(3)-fold increase in the Kd for binding to TF/PCPS, the Kd for binding to TF/PC increased only 20-fold, and that for sTF in the absence of phospholipid increased 10-fold. Kd values for GdVIIa binding to TF/PCPS, TF/PC, or sTF were nearly identical. Thus, most of the binding energy required for formation of the fVIIa.TF complex was present even after Gla domain deletion. Both fVIIa and GdVIIa were capable of binding sTF in the presence of excess divalent metal-ion chelator, suggesting Ca(2+)-independent binding or the presence of a novel very high affinity Ca2+ binding site in fVIIa. The results demonstrate that the effect of the Gla domain on the Kd is apparent only in the presence of PS, and that interactions involving the fVIIa Gla domain and phospholipid are critical for efficient proteolysis of factor X on a membrane surface.
Evaluating the Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial Gas Pipeline Networks: A Preliminary Analysis of Gas Expander Applications for Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this work is to analyse the potential electrical energy that can be produced from the installation of expanders in the gas pressure reducing stations of industrial gases networks (oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen). This solution is well established in natural gas grid but not yet implemented in existing technical gases networks. In the first part, the theoretical energy recovery potential is investigated by calculating the isentropic expansion specific power under different expander inlet temperatures and pressure ratios. Then the evaluation of adopting radial or axial expander is considered according to typical operating conditions: in particular, the design of axial expander is carried out with an open-source code. Eventually the design and the impact of the gas expanders solution is evaluated in selected industrial processes for each investigated technical gas. A discussion on practical issues is proposed. Radial expander could reach an isentropic efficiency of 89% while efficiency of 94% is obtained with an axial configuration with compact machinery. The application of gas expander in possible scenarios leads to annual energy production up to 19 GWh (O2 expander in blast furnace) with an utilization factor of 90% and cost of production ranges from 16 to 37 $/MWh with an avoided emission up to 1062 tCO2,eq/y. Results show an interesting potential for the proposed solution: however, the application strongly depends on adequate gas flow rate and operating pressure with a niche market now.
Synthesis of DNA during meiosis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosome pairing and crossing-over between homologous chromosomes in meiotic cells are two distinctive events which must in some way involve the DNA moiety of the chromosome. Ever since the uinambiguous demonstration by Taylor and McMaster' that DNA synthesis occurs during premeiotic iilterphase, explailations of pairing and crossing-over in terms of DNA synthesis during meiotie prophase have been more or less laid aside. At least onie case of thymidine incorporation during meiotic prophase, has been reported.2 However, this report has beenl treated casually, either because of the very few silver grains in the radioautographs or because of the possibility that the synthesis was no more than the extension of an otherwise conventional S-period. (S-period refers to period of DNA synthesis.) This communication demonlstrates the actuality of DNA syinthesis during meiotic prophase and its separation in time from the premeiotic S-period. The materials used in these studies were the microsporocytes of liliaceous plants. The advantages which such materials offer for a correlated study of biochemical and cytological events have been discussed in several earlier publications.3
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults in the Western world, accounting for nearly 25% of all leukemias with an estimated annual age-adjusted incidence of 3 per 100,000 persons in the United States. The median age at diagnosis is approximately 70 years, with 81% of the patients diagnosed when aged ≥ 60 years. Under the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, CLL is a B-cell neoplasm and the entity T-cell CLL has been reclassified as T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL). Recent data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer statistics indicate that 5-year survival of patients with CLL is 73%.