jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“Experimental Amnesia” Induced by Emotional Items

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Tulving described an effect of retrograde amnesia in a free-recall task of word lists, produced by inserting items having priority in recall. Other authors confirmed the amnesic effect without giving instructions for priority both in recall and in recognition tasks. The effect was explained by Tulving as a premature termination of encoding processes. The similarity between these experiments and the researches aimed at reproducing amnesia by emotional trauma led us to hypothesize that the two phenomena might be due to the same functional mechanisms. We have organized a free-recall task of word lists into which emotional items were inserted. Our aim was to verify whether with these experimental conditions Tulving's results would be reproduced. The obtained data show amnesic effects in free recall; nevertheless, they do not seem to confirm closely the experimental hypothesis. Lastly, changes in primacy and recency effects produced by emotional items are analyzed.
The Dynamics of Vehicular Networks in Urban Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have emerged as a platform to support intelligent inter-vehicle communication and improve traffic safety and performance. The road-constrained, high mobility of vehicles, their unbounded power source, and the emergence of roadside wireless infrastructures make VANETs a challenging research topic. A key to the development of protocols for inter-vehicle communication and services lies in the knowledge of the topological characteristics of the VANET communication graph. This paper explores the dynamics of VANETs in urban environments and investigates the impact of these findings in the design of VANET routing protocols. Using both real and realistic mobility traces, we study the networking shape of VANETs under different transmission and market penetration ranges. Given that a number of RSUs have to be deployed for disseminating information to vehicles in an urban area, we also study their impact on vehicular connectivity. Through extensive simulations we investigate the performance of VANET routing protocols by exploiting the knowledge of VANET graphs analysis.
Contending the Limits of Political Space

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between the state and violence has always been an intimate one (Weber, 1946). The interstate system continues to develop through violent epistemological and material histories of nation-building (that is, colonialism, imperialism, capitalism) that result in egregious forms of state sponsored violence against communities who resist such authoritarian practices. Our “post-colonial” World Order continues to struggle with structurally embedded global inequalities that have contributed to deeply divided societies and impeded possibilities for democratic state transformations. The literature on conflict resolution, transitional justice, democracy, and human rights suggest that the state continues to be a central figure in the production of justice and democracy. Accordingly, the state must confront and redress past atrocities in order to build and institutionalize new democratic frameworks. Leigh A. Payne joins this conversation by charting what she calls “unsettling accounts,” confessions of torture, disappearing, and killing by authoritarian state agents, as a way to challenge the legitimacy of state sponsored violence. Payne argues that these public confessions break the silence of state violence and contribute to reconciliation, justice, and democratic processes because they “do not settle accounts with the past; rather, they unsettle them” (p. 2). This unsettling does not reconcile the past; it provides a dynamic space of political participation that can “contest prevailing views that have impeded the promotion of democratic values” (p. 291). In other words, justice and reconciliation are not served in the moment of political speech, legal frameworks, nor within the mechanisms of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions; rather, they are formed through the discursive conflicts that develop out of the political, social, and emotional space opened by “perpetrators’ confessions” and various communities’ calls for and reactions to them. Such processes, Payne argues, are healthy for democratic processes and transitions.
Analysis of Students Phonological Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sounds A Case Study of English Learners in Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to find phonological errors that students make when they pronounce vowel diphthongs. Researchers also asked what type of vocal diphthong sound students most often said in tenth grade. Grade X students of the 2021/2022 school year are the subjects of this study. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach. Researchers randomly selected 60 samples from 395 individuals. The tool used is the English Vowel Diphthong word pronunciation test, which includes eight types of English vowel diphthongs with two focus words for each type. Furthermore, a voice recorder is employed to capture the students' pronunciation. Findings showed that students made 339 word mistakes. The pronunciation of X graders shows the most frequent types of vowel diphthong errors: Diphhongs [ɔʊ] with the focus word "although" experience 72% of total errors, Diphhongs [ʊə] with the focus word "during" experience 65% of total errors, and Diphhongs [aɪ] with the focus word "sacrifice" experience 61% of total errors.
Meta-analysis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Gene Expression Defines a Variant Subgroup and Identifies Gender Influences on Tumor Biology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) displays molecular and histologic heterogeneity. Previously described subsets of this disease, ccA and ccB, were defined based on multigene expression profiles, but it is unclear whether these subgroupings reflect the full spectrum of disease or how these molecular subtypes relate to histologic descriptions or gender.
Investment in a Monetary Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

INVESTMENT is a term used very loosely in economic literature and all too frequently without any attempt at definition. Yet it is possible to defend an attitude which refuses to regard precise definition as an end in itself. The businessman, for example, rightly regards investment not as a logical category with strictly definable limits, but as a rough description of a of activity. To businessman and to economist, it is purpose of any particular expenditure which matters. And, indeed, if we take a representative sample of definitions of investment, they all have this in common. Fraser, for instance, defines investment in a money economy-which is sort of economy we are concerned with-as use of monetary resources for acquisition of wealth of a relatively illiquid ' and Keynes obviously had a similar definition in mind when he divided current output into (a) flow of liquid goods and services which are in a form available for immediate consumption and (b) net flow of increments (after allowing for wastage) to goods and loan which are not in a form available for consumption .' But what are goods of a relatively illiquid type ? What is capital ? Must we not define before we can define investment and as a condition of defining investment ? It is no part of our present purpose to embark upon a re-examination of basic concepts of theory. That ground has already received its fair share of attention, though with no very definite results. Since there is still no general agreement as to what classes of goods should be regarded as , it is fruitless to define gross investment as all expenditure on provision or replacement of those classes of goods. It is much better to consider purpose for which a good is used than physical form in which it happens to appear. In this paper, therefore, emphasis will be on purpose of an expenditure. If goods are used in production of further goods, that is investment . In other words, investment is the act of applying a unit of input in any process of production .3
MERTK inhibition in the leukemia microenvironment promotes a therapeutic immune response to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract T cell immunotherapy is effective in some, but not all cancers, and targeting the immunosuppressive, innate immune tumor microenvironment is one key to further advancement. During efferocytosis, activation of MERTK tyrosine kinase receptor in innate immune cells suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, stimulates immunosuppressive cytokines and upregulates co-inhibitory ligands. MERTK has also been validated as a therapeutic target in the tumor microenvironment in solid tumor models. To investigate immunoregulatory roles for MERTK in leukemia, we utilized pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of MERTK in a MERTK-negative syngeneic murine model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment with MRX-2843, a potent, orally bioavailable, small molecule MERTK inhibitor, significantly reduced leukemic burden and prolonged median survival in wildtype mice (38 days post-treatment vs. 24 days in vehicle-treated mice, p&gt;0.01). Similarly, overall survival was increased more than four-fold in Mertk−/− mice transplanted with leukemia (&gt;80 days vs. 21 days in wild-type mice, p&gt;0.0001), suggesting that the observed therapeutic activity is immune-mediated. Indeed, treatment with MRX-2843 abrogated expression of the immune co-inhibitory ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 on CD11b+ monocytes/macrophages in the ALL microenvironment. Although T cells do not express MERTK, expression of the cognate PD-1 receptor was also reduced on CD8+ T cells and the frequency of FOXP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells was decreased in the leukemia microenvironment following MRX-2843 treatment. These data demonstrate several mechanisms by which MERTK can suppress anti-leukemia immunity and validate MERTK as a novel immunotherapeutic target in ALL.
Double Adjacent Ventral Slots in Cervical Disc Extrusion with Epidural Haemorrhage in Four French Bulldogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Four French bulldogs were presented with a history of cervical pain and/or signs of myelopathy and were diagnosed with an acute cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE), associated with epidural haemorrhage (EH). The lesion was classified as IVDE with EH by a board-certified radiologist based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography images. All dogs were treated with two adjacent ventral slots that confirmed diagnosis. The decompression was assessed by measurement of the amount of residual material on computed tomography studies, and the outcome was evaluated by clinical recheck. All dogs recovered uneventfully after the surgery. This case series describes the first detailed report of extensive cervical IVDE with EH where double adjacent ventral slots was used in a treatment of such lesion.
Unusual Presentation of COVID-19 Disease Leading to Respiratory Distress and Coma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple neurological complications including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been associated with COVID-19. We describe a case of GBS related to SARS-CoV-2 infection with an unusual presentation beginning with mobilization problems at home without previous classic respiratory or general manifestations. Asymptomatic infection with COVID-19 can lead to critical situations with respiratory insufficiency because of neurological complications such as GBS.
The Effect of the (Rothkopf) Model on Developing Conciliatory Thinking among Fourth-Grade Literary Students in History

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After identifying the subjects of the subject to be studied in the course of the experiment by five subjects, and for the purpose of measuring the compromise thinking test for the two sets of subjects studied by the researcher himself, the researcher prepared a compromise thinking test, presented to a group of experts and specialists to verify the truthfulness of the test, to analyze its paragraphs and calculate its persistence, and after analyzing the results of the responses of female sample students and statistically addressing them using appropriate statistical means, he found that the test was all paragraphs of the test. After the completion of the (11) week-long experiment, the Compromise Thinking Test was applied to the requests of the pilot and officer groups, and after statistical analysis and processing of female students' answers using the T test for two linked samples, a statistically significant difference was found between the average grades of female students in the two research groups. The results also showed that the difference is statistically significant and that this difference in compromise thinking is in favor of the experimental group for the test of remote compromise thinking.
Determination of chloramine-T in foodstuffs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of chloramine-T in foodstuffsAntonius T. G. Steverink and Henk SteunenbergCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1979, 27, 5, 932–934Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60225a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (399 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Usefulness of liposomes carrying losefamate for CT opacification of liver and spleen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Losefamate, a hepatobiliary contrast agent, was encapsulated into liposomes to increase its ability to opacify the liver and spleen on computed tomographic (CT) images. Multilamellar lipid vesicles (lecithin, cholesterol, and stearylamine, in 4:1:1 molar ratio) containing iosefamate in their aqueous phase were prepared. Seven dogs received intravenous injections of 100-300 mg I/kg in one of three forms: encapsulated, unencapsulated, or a mixture of the two in equal parts. Animals that received the opaque vesicles had marked opacification of their livers, bile ducts, gallbladders, spleens (maximum 106 H enhancement), and gastrointestinal tracts. Spleen CT values (an indicator of encapsulated material uptake) were always higher in these dogs than in the animals receiving equivalent amounts of unencapsulated iosefamate alone. At the high-dose level, liver uptake of the encapsulated materials was also greater. Liposome-encapsulated hepatobiliary contrast agents are effective liver and spleen opacifiers for CT imaging in the dog.
Preparing for leadership in General Practice: a qualitative exploration of how GP trainees learn about leadership

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The recent rise to prominence of healthcare leadership worldwide has prompted those involved in medical education to consider how to facilitate learning to lead effectively. Research has focused on formal curriculum activities. Curricular theory suggests that trainee doctors may also learn through the informal curriculum but there is a lack of medical education literature on this. We aimed to explore how GP trainees learn about leadership in their GP training practices. Epistemologically grounded in social constructionism, this research involved 15 semi-structured interviews with GP trainees about to complete their training. Interviews were conducted using an online video conferencing method, audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using thematic framework analysis. We identified three learning processes contributing to leadership development; evaluating leadership, formulating views on leadership and constructing a personal leadership identity. Other factors operating within the informal curriculum included leadership terminology, and the quality of relationships and networks. Paradoxically, a role model's fallibility could positively influence leadership learning. Based on our findings, we present a model for the informal leadership learning process. This may enhance the facilitation of leadership learning by trainers and the wider clinical team, and positively influence the delivery and content of formal leadership courses.
P-79 Lessons for comprehensive, person-centred carer assessment and support from the CSNAT intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

The Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) intervention comprises an evidence-based comprehensive tool incorporated into a person-centred process of assessment and support for carers of people with life-limiting conditions. It was developed from a programme of research, subsequently implemented across practice settings (community, hospital, hospice). The CSNAT's impact nationally and internationally is substantial: 87 UK services are licensed to use the intervention, the tool has been translated into 13 languages, and is used in 27 countries.

Aim

To draw on the CSNAT intervention programme of research to illustrate why carer assessment needs to be comprehensive and person-centred, how this represents a change in practice, what difference it makes, and how this change in practice can be implemented.

Methods/results

We will draw on three aspects of the research programme: An overview of development, validation and initial implementation of the CSNAT: a qualitative study with 75 bereaved carers (01/2008–12/2008) identified the 14 support need domains that constitute the CSNAT; a survey of 225 current carers (04/2009–06/2010) established CSNAT's content and criterion validity; implementation studies with 29 practitioners in two hospices (08/2010–12/2010; 01/2011–04/2012) identified use of the CSNAT as a significant change in practice and the importance of adopting a person–centred approach. Two cluster randomised control trials of the CSNAT intervention (UK: n=681 carers; 05/2012–11/2014); (Australia: n=322 carers; 03/2012–02/2014) showed a reduction in caregiver strain in current carers, and lower early grief and better physical/mental health in bereavement. A national implementation study in 36 organisations (11/2013–09/2014) and a hospice case study (11/2015–12/2016) provided key insights into practitioners' training needs and vital organisational structures/processes needed to embed the intervention in practice, to underpin a CSNAT intervention Training and Implementation Toolkit.

Conclusion

This paper identifies the evidence base for the CSNAT intervention and lessons learnt about delivery of comprehensive, person-centred carer assessment and support for family carers.
Applied Family Law in Islamic Courts: Shari’a Courts in Gaza

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Written from an ethnographic perspective, this book investigates the socio-legal aspects of Islamic jurisprudence in Gaza-Palestine. It examines the way judges, lawyers and litigants operate with respect to the law and with each other, particularly given their different positions in the power structure within the court and within society at large. The book aims at elucidating ambivalences in the codified statutes that allow the actors to find practical solutions to their (often) legally unresolved problems and to manipulate the law. The book demonstrates that present-day judges are not only confronted with novel questions they have to find an answer to, but, perhaps more importantly, they are confronted with contradictions between the letter of codified law and their own notions of justice. The author reminds us that these notions of justice should not be set a priori; they are socially constructed in particular time and space. Making a substantial contribution to a number of theoretical debates on family law and gender, the book will appeal to both academic and non-academic readers alike.
Advancing care for acute gastrointestinal bleeding using artificial intelligence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The future of gastrointestinal bleeding will include the integration of machine learning algorithms to enhance clinician risk assessment and decision making. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise in outperforming existing clinical risk scores for both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding but have not been validated in any prospective clinical trials. The adoption of electronic health records provides an exciting opportunity to deploy risk prediction tools in real time and also to expand the data available to train predictive models. Machine learning algorithms can be used to identify patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding using data extracted from the electronic health record. This can lead to an automated process to find patients with symptoms of acute gastrointestinal bleeding so that risk prediction tools can be then triggered to consistently provide decision support to the physician. Neural network models can be used to provide continuous risk predictions for patients who are at higher risk, which can be used to guide triage of patients to appropriate levels of care. Finally, the future will likely include neural network‐based analysis of endoscopic stigmata of bleeding to help guide best practices for hemostasis during the endoscopic procedure. Machine learning will enhance the delivery of care at every level for patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding through identifying very low risk patients for outpatient management, triaging high risk patients for higher levels of care, and guiding optimal intervention during endoscopy.
Multi-input segmentation of damaged brain in acute ischemic stroke patients using slow fusion with skip connection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Time is a fundamental factor during stroke treatments. A fast, automatic approach that segmentsthe ischemic regions helps treatment decisions. In clinical use today, a set of color-coded parametric maps generated from computed tomography perfusion (CTP) images are investigated manually to decide a treatment plan. We propose an automatic method based on a neural network using a set of parametric maps to segment the two ischemic regions (core and penumbra) in patients affected by acute ischemic stroke. Our model is based on a convolution-deconvolution bottleneck structure with multi-input and slow fusion. A loss function based on the focal Tversky index addresses the data imbalance issue. The proposed architecture demonstrates effective performance and results comparable to the ground truth annotated by neuroradiologists. A Dice coefficient of 0.81 for penumbra and 0.52 for core over the large vessel occlusion test set is achieved. The full implementation is available at: https://git.io/JtFGb.
Heptapleurum mitragerum: Tsen, S., Shu Xian, L., Julia, S., Khoo, E., Maycock, C.R., Nilus, R., Sugau, J. & Pereira, J.T.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.