jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Financing options for the provision of assistive products

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Having predictable, stable and adequate financial resources is essential for achieving universal coverage of essential health products and services, including assistive products. Access to such resources would enable governments and participating organizations to initiate and maintain a system for providing assistive products and associated services, as well as to grow the scope and scale of their operations over time. While limited funding is not the only reason to explain the shortfall in the provision of assistive products globally, unpredictable and inadequate public funding has been cited as the primary cause of poor access to these products in many countries. Several financing options have been presented in this paper that could be considered by decision-makers to initiate or supplement the financing of assistive products.
Grading and equity: Inflation/deflation based on race, gender, socio-economic and disability statuses when homework and employability scores are included

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to gain an understanding if traditional high school grading practices provide equitable outcomes for students particularly when homework and employability points based on participation, behavior, and attendance are included in the grading structures. With a strong movement of schools starting to use standards-based grading practices one of the purposes of this study is to learn how traditional grading practices potentially contribute to our equity concerns in society. Furthermore, this study illustrates how standardized grading practices, focusing strictly on student achievement may or may not provide more equitable grading outcomes for students of differing race, disability status, and socio-economic status (SES) when compared to the traditional grading system.
A dilemma between abdominal tuberculosis and malignancy: report of two cases from Nepal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) has again become a global disease due to rise of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and widespread immigration and use of immunosuppressant drugs. The relationship of tuberculosis and carcinoma has been a matter of confusion. Here we present a case of pancreatic TB mimicking carcinoma, and another case of
Strangers in a strange land: Globally unusual thermal tolerance in Collembola from the Cape Floristic Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Specific trait–environment interactions have led to globally unusual botanical radiations in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. Yet it is unclear whether such interactions have similarly resulted in the diversification of the fauna independently of associations with plants. We explore this question for the Collembola genus Seira , which includes 89 species in the CFR, and appears to have diversified substantially into warm, dry fynbos shrublands—habitats atypical of those usually occupied by Collembola. Specifically, we determine whether thermal tolerance is higher for members of the genus in these shrublands compared with congeners in cooler, moister Afrotemperate Forests in the region, and with Collembola globally. Fynbos‐inhabiting Seira species have remarkable critical thermal maxima (CT max ) of on average 43°C, 5–6°C higher than congeners occupying the Southern Afrotemperate Forests, and Collembola globally, even when taking CT max variation associated with regional climate into consideration. Thermal tolerance trait variation among the Seira species from different habitats is likely the consequence of variation in habitat temperature: fynbos shrublands are on average ~17°C warmer than Afrotemperate Forests. Moreover, periodic fires in the fynbos have a large effect on microhabitat temperatures, increasing them substantially (by ~7.5°C) in the year after fire, which may be especially relevant in selecting for higher thermal tolerance in species from this habitat. These results suggest that the remarkable richness of Seira in the CFR may in part be due to the evolution of very high CT max values which have enabled them to take advantage of a hot, dry habitat that is unusual for Collembola. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted Subtraction MR Images for Glioma Visualization and Grading

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of multiparametric MR images in differentiation of different regions of the gross tumor area and for assessment of glioma grade. METHODS Forty‐six glioma subjects (18 grade II, 11 grade III, and 17 grade IV) underwent a comprehensive MR and spectroscopic imaging procedure. Maps were generated by subtraction of T1‐weighted images from contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images (ΔT1 map) and T1‐weighted images from T2‐weighted images (ΔT2 map). Regions of interest (ROIs) were positioned in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), enhancing tumor, hyperintense T2, necrotic region, and immediate and distal peritumoral regions (IPR and DPR). Relative signal contrast was estimated as difference between mean intensities in ROIs and NAWM. Classification using support vector machines was applied to all image series to determine the efficacy of regional contrast measures for differentiation of low‐ and high‐grade lesions and grade III and IV lesions. RESULTS ΔT1 and ΔT2 maps offered higher contrast as compared to other parametric maps in differentiating enhancing tumor and edematous regions, respectively, and provided the highest classification accuracy for differentiating low‐ and high‐grade tumors, of 91% and 90.4%. Choline/ N ‐acetylaspartate maps provided significant contrast for delineating IPR and DPR. For differentiating high‐grade gliomas, ΔT2 and ΔT1 maps provided a mean accuracy of 90.9% and 88.2%, which was lower than that obtained using cerebral blood volume (93.7%) and choline/creatine (93.3%) maps. CONCLUSION This study showed that subtraction maps provided significant contrast in differentiating several regions of the gross tumor area and are of benefit for accurate tumor grading.
KINERJA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH (Mengumpul dan Mendistribusikan Zakat)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted at Badan Amil Zakat National Central Sulawesi Province (BAZNAS) to know the collection of zakat and infak fund and its distribution. In this study data collection using survey sample method that only records a small part of the object of research and for each element is investigated in depth which operations. Through this research it is known that: National Amil Zakat Agency of Central Sulawesi Province collects zakat funds limited to Civil Servants and Officials in Provinsi environment. Excluding Civil Servants and Officials in Town and Regency in Parovinsi Central Sulawesi. Also excluding entrepreneurs and the general public. Zakat issued by Civil Servants and Officials is Zakah on Income, not zakat mal or zakat treasure. So that collected by the Amil Body is zakat based on the amount of salary and other income for one year. So the treasures of vehicles, gardens, houses, jewelry and others are not subject to zakat.Besarnya earnings collected 2.5 percent equivalent to 85 grams of gold. Zakat is collected through the collecting unit of zakat (UPZ) in each institution. DPD and SKPD in Central Sulawesi Province. Zakat is channeled to mustahik with the consideration of fulfilling basic necessities mustahik
Understory Plant Functional Types Alter Stoichiometry Correlations between Litter and Soil in Chinese Fir Plantations with N and P Addition

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Research Highlights: This study identifies the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition on stoichiometry correlations between understory plants and soil in subtropical Chinese fir plantations. Background and Objectives: Nitrogen and P are two nutrients limiting forest ecosystem production. To obtain more wood production, N and P are usually applied in plantation management. Changes in soil N and P will generally alter the stoichiometric characteristics of understory plants, which control carbon (C) and nutrient cycles between plants and soil. However, different correlations between plant and soil stoichiometry among functional groups of understory plants have not been investigated, which also impacted element cycling between plants and soil. Materials and Methods: Subtropical Chinese fir plantations were selected for N (100 kg ha−1 year−1) and P (50 kg ha−1 year−1) addition study. We collected fresh litter and the corresponding soil of four understory plants (Lophatherum gracile Brongn., Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm., Dryopteris atrata (Kunze) Ching and Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn.) for study of C, N, and P stoichiometric ratios. Results: Nitrogen and P addition affected C, N, and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in litter and soil as well as correlations between litter and soil stoichiometric ratios. Understory plant species with different functional types impacted the correlations between plants and soil in C, N, and P stoichiometric ratios, especially correlations between litter C and soil C and N. Conclusions: Changes in soil N and P affect the stoichiometric ratios of understory plants. Functional groups impacted the correlation in C, N, and P stoichiometric ratios between plants and soil, indicating functional groups varied in their impacts on element cycling between plants and soil in plantations with exogenous nutrient addition, which should be considered in future management of plantations with intensive fertilization practice.
TXNIP/Redd1 signalling and excessive autophagy: a novel mechanism of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims Either insufficient or excessive autophagy causes cellular death and contributes to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, mechanisms controlling the ‘right-level’ of autophagy in the heart remains unidentified. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a pro-oxidative molecule knowing to contribute to I/R injury. However, whether and how TXNIP may further inhibit suppressed autophagy or promote excessive cardiac autophagy in I/R heart has not been previously investigated. Methods and results Wild type or gene-manipulated adult male mice were subjected to myocardial I/R. TXNIP was increased in myocardium during I/R. Cardiac-specific TXNIP overexpression increased cardiomyocytes apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction, whereas cardiac-specific TXNIP knock-out significantly mitigated I/R-induced apoptosis and improved cardiac function. Importantly, TXNIP overexpression significantly promoted cardiac autophagy and TXNIP knock-out significantly inhibited cardiac autophagy. In vitro studies demonstrated that TXNIP increased autophagosome formation but inhibited autophagosome clearance during myocardial reperfusion. Atg5 siRNA significantly decreased hypoxia/reoxygenation induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes with TXNIP overexpression. Mechanistically, TXNIP suppressed autophagosome clearance via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. However, TXNIP-increased autophagosome formation was not mediated by ROS as a ROS scavenger failed to block increased autophagosome formation in TXNIP overexpression heart. Finally, TXNIP directly interacted and stabilized Redd1 (an autophagy regulator), resulting in mTOR inhibition and autophagy activation. Redd1 knock-down significantly reduced autophagy formation and ameliorated I/R injury in TXNIP overexpression hearts. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that increased TXNIP-Redd1 expression is a novel signalling pathway that contributes to I/R injury by exaggerating excessive autophagy during reperfusion. These observations advance our understanding of the mechanisms of myocardial I/R injury.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. INCBN_01549

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Common name(s): Common bean
Conserved by: Alice Umana, Italy
Local sample unique identifier: INCBN_01549
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2024-03-19
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: SMTA transfer
Spray Time Estimation of a High Pressure Water Supply System for Water Mist Spray

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mists and sprays generated from various liquids have plenty of domestic and industrial applications but their production has never been easy. With the passage of time, various atomization, spraying and mist generation techniques have been adopted by the society but there is plenty of room in the application field of water mists and sprays. In this paper, a high pressure water system is considered to produce fine mist and water spray which could be adopted in numerous practical applications. This research focuses on keeping the mist supply system simple and compact. The system analysis using mathematical model and multiple simulations has been carried out for spray time estimation of high pressure mist supply system. The results indicate that the use of mist supply system up to 10 liter capacity provides smart and easy transportation opportunities and enhances the areas of application for sprays and mists while system pressure is kept up to 200bar.
805 A Dangerous Wait: The Impact of Prolonged Waiting Times in Endocrine Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim In Northern Ireland on 31/12/19 90,514 patients were awaiting admission/day case procedure. The 2019/2020 Ministerial waiting time target states that by March 2020, 55% of patients should not wait longer than 13 weeks for inpatient/day case treatment, and no patient should wait longer than 52 weeks. This audit investigates the impact of long waiting times in endocrine surgery and how they impact patient safety. Method Data was collected from the endocrine surgery waiting list in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, up to 6/2/20. Number of days spent on the waiting list, disease complications and the number of days before they occurred were collated. Results 118 patients were awaiting endocrine surgery. The average waiting time was 533 days. 21 patients experience 27 complications related to their endocrine disease whilst waiting for surgery. The average duration before complications was 490 days; 4 required admission, 11 required medical intervention and 3 required a surgical intervention. Conclusions The average waiting time for endocrine surgery is greater than 52 weeks. In Northern Ireland no one should be waiting more than 52 weeks. The length of the waiting list has resulted in 1 in 5 experiencing complications and prolonged suffering from under-treated disease. This is a significant patient safety concern. Urgent action to address waiting lists is required and the disruption caused by COVID-19 should be used as a catalyst for reform.
TESTING SOLUTION QUALITY IN STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING: A SINGLE REPLICATION PROCEDURE

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

W edevelop a procedure for testing the quality of a candidate solution for a class of stochastic programs. Quality is defined via the opti- mality gap and the procedure's output is a confidence interval on this gap. We review a multiple-replications procedure and then, we present a result that justifies a computationally simplified single-replication procedure. We compare empirical coverage results of the two procedures for a newsvendor problem.
A quantitative review of Marriage Markets: How Inequality is Remaking the American Family by Carbone and Cahn

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Carbone and Cahn argue that growing earnings inequality and the increased educational attainment of women, relative to men, have led to declining marriage rates for less educated women and an increase in positive assortative matching since the 1970's. These trends have negatively affected the welfare of children, as they increase the proportion of poor, single-female headed households. Using data on marriage markets defined by state, race and time, and the Choo Siow marriage matching function, this review provides a quantitative assessment of these claims. We show that changes in earnings inequality had a qualitatively consistent, but modest quantitative impact on marriage rates and positive assortative matching. Neither changes in the wage distributions nor educational attainments can explain the large decline in marriage rates over this period.
The use of voice in higher education: What the professors have to say?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the perception of university professors regarding their use of voice at work. Methods: a total of 247 higher education professors participated in this study. They answered a questionnaire on voice complaints, in which three complaints or more were considered indicative of a voice disorder. After the professors with a potential voice disorder were identified, a conversational interview was conducted with five professors to learn more on their perceptions on the use of voice at work. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the institution of origin. The data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Results: the age group 20 to 30 years old was the one that most presented voice problems. The most recently hired professors (up to five years of work), with a 40-hour weekly workload, were those who most reported voice complaints. The professors had a good perception of their voice and demonstrated good knowledge about it. Conclusion: although voice complaints were prevalent, the professors proved to be aware of how to take care of their voices.
Effects of Different Types of Verbal Activities on Heart Rate Variability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present study, the effects of different types of verbal activities on heart rate variability (HRV) were investigated. ECG signals were recorded in ten volunteers during resting (R), reading silently (RS), reading aloud (RA) and talking freely (TF). Time domain, frequency domain and Poincaré plot measures of HRV were calculated for analyzing. Time domain parameter of pNN50, frequency domain parameter of LF (n.u.) and Poincaré plot parameter of SD1/SD2 were found statistically difference in RA and TF compared to R and RS. The results in this study show that HRV decreased while subjects were reading aloud and talking freely. The results also indicated that verbal activities of reading aloud and talking freely improve the sympathetic nervous activity.
Alternative to steroid therapy for myasthenia gravis and myositis occurring as immune‐related adverse events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We experienced a case of generalized myasthenia gravis and myositis occurring as immune-related adverse events that was curable without steroid therapy, only through the discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitor. Although the patient did not receive cancer treatment afterwards, her cancer remained stable. We emphasize that not selecting steroid therapy might enhance the effect of cancer immunotherapy.
Ekstrak buah kaktus pir berduri menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, dan Candida albicans Extract of cactus prickly pear inhibits the growing of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to determine the effect of prickly pear cactus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The laboratory experimental study using diffusion method. Theconcentration of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract used was 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, whereas bacterial samplesderived from the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin. The observation ofseveral concentrations showed a decrease in the number of colonies contained S.aureus, S.mutans, C.albicanssignificant with increasing concentrations of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract. From these observations, thelargest inhibitory concentration present in a concentration of 100%. The conclusion is the fruit of the prickly pearcactus extract can inhibit the growth of S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans. The higher the concentration of theextract, the more reduced the growth of S.aureus colonies, S.mutans, and C.albicans and vice versa.
Nanorobots: Types, Principles and Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanobots or Nanorobots are one of the emerging applications in both nanotechnology and robotics. These bots are programmed to carry out specific applications for a specific purpose. Owing to their properties such as smaller volume, efficiency and accuracy, nanobots are being explored in different fields of study, especially nanomedicine, automation, drug delivery, chemistry, aerospace and others. These bots can be programmed and explored in such a way that they can be used to repair the specific target in the body, which is impossible using bare hands. In this chapter, we are going to explore such types of applications and their principles.
Home Adaptations: User Perspectives on the Role of Professionals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

People with disabilities often carry much of the responsibility for the process of making adaptations to their homes and look to the professionals involved for support. The study described in this article asked people with disabilities whether they believed that they received appropriate professional support, information and practical help when adapting their homes and sought to learn more about their feelings about the adaptation process. A qualitative research method, using three focus groups in different geographical areas, was carried out with a purposive sample of participants who had received adaptations to their homes and had been assisted by their local authorities. The groups comprised participants from urban and rural populations, who had a mix of housing tenure and a variety of professional support. The findings demonstrated that this method was appropriate as a means of both discovering how people felt about the process and identifying what they found to be the most helpful assistance from the professionals involved. The study suggested that when problems arose or delays were experienced during the building process, an occupational therapist was not the only appropriate professional to provide support because this could be given in a variety of ways by different professionals and helping agencies. The study also suggested that, given sufficient information and choice, some people with disabilities preferred to organise their own adaptations, could manage with minimal professional intervention and should be empowered to do so.
Correlation Between Ionic Mobility and Plastic Flow Events in NaPO3-NaCl-Na2SO4 Glasses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report on the evolution of the mechanical and electrical properties of sodium metaphosphate glasses with addition of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride. The addition of these two sodium salts converts the medium-range order of our glasses from 2D phosphate chains to a mixed 1D + 2D network similar to ionic glasses, while the short-range order of the phosphate units remains unaffected. Replacing the phosphate units by chloride ion monotonically decreases the glass transition temperature, but enhances the Young's modulus and moderately increases the ionic conductivity. On the other hand, the sulfate group decreases the glass transition temperature as well, though the Young's modulus remains constant, while the ionic conductivity strongly increases. The changes in conductivity are related to the enhancement of the ionic mobility in these glasses, which in turn affect the size and distribution of the plastic events taking place during indentation-driven deformation.