jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The prevention of single bulb garlic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high fat mice (Mus musculus) model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when triglycerides inside hepatocytes are swollen. A single bulb garlic extract containing allicin components, S-allyl-l-cysteine, Ajoene (E-Ajoene and Z-Ajoene) are thought to inhibit fat biosynthesis and reduce triglycerides in blood serum. This study aimed to analyze single bulb garlic extract in NAFLD due to a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Twenty male Balb/C mice were divided into five groups: normal, HFD, HFD + Single Bulb Garlic Extract (SBGE) 100 mg kg BW−1, HFD + SBGE 200 mg kg BW−1, and HFD + SBGE 400 mg kg BW−1. The administration of SBGE orally altogether with HFD for 30 days. On the last day of treatment, the mice were sacrificed. The liver was collected to make a micro-anatomic slide and stained by Hematoxylin Eosin. Liver microanatomy slides were observed under a light microscope and scoring to count fatty liver cells. The results of this study indicated that administration of SBGE affected the average liver weight (p < 0.05). Treating SBGE with dose of 100 mg kg BW−1, 200 mg kg BW−1, and 400 mg kg BW−1 decreased hepatic steatosis (p < 0.05). SBGE could prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed with HFD.
The effect of bacterial preparations on the buckwheat yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Modern crop cultivation technologies use biological products with adaptogenic and biofungicidal properties. The article studies the influence of Streptomyces sp on the growth, development, and formation of buckwheat crops. The treatment of seeds with biological products reduces field germination; however, their environmental sustainability increases. The maximum grain yield of 249.7 g/m 2 was obtained when applying actinomycetes in the amount of 2.0 l per ton of seeds. The ability of the biological product to preserve the activity of nodes and shoots increased the number of inflorescences. The dynamics of biosynthesis and the fractional composition of chlorophyll in the leaves were studied. The biosynthesis of pigments was the most intensive during during seed treatment with Streptomyces sp in the amount of 1.0 to 1.5 l/t of seeds. The relative amount of chlorophyll “a” to chlorophyll “b” during the intensive development and mass flowering was relatively stable (2.5 ... 2.7). In the phase of fruit formation, in the control plants and plants treated with Rizoplan and actinomycetes (0.5 l/t), the proportion of chlorophyll b increased. In variants with a lower proportion of chlorophyll “b”, the seed productivity of plants was higher.
An approach to sustainable agriculture by untangling the fate of contrasting nitrogen sources in double‐season rice grown with and without biochar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Excessive use of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers is the primary anthropogenic cause of low N use efficiency and environmental damage in wetland rice agriculture. However, little is known about the performance of traditional inorganic N sources used in paddy rice production. Biochar (BC) is considered to be a climate change mitigation tool that can enhance N uptake and utilization in N‐fertilized crops. To test this hypothesis, we performed a pot experiment to study the fate of 15 N‐labeled urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate with and without BC at tillering, heading, and maturity stages of rice in the early and late seasons of 2019. Fertilizer N leaching was significantly reduced by 75.69% and 110.32% in BC vs. non‐BC treatments across growth stages in the early and late seasons. The rate of leaching was lower for urea than for ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Furthermore, the addition of BC resulted in 55.58% and 41.33% higher soil 15 N concentrations in the early and late season, respectively, indicating that BC increased N adsorption. 15 N uptake by roots, stems, leaves, panicles, and grains averaged 52.39%, 37.14%, 40.86%, 36.37%, and 29.94% higher in BC‐amended pots than in BC‐free pots in both seasons. There were significant differences ( p < 0.05) among N sources in terms of fertilizer N loss, residual N, and N uptake, and performance was ranked in the order urea > ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate. Overall, our results indicate that urea with BC is a preferable N source for double rice cropping systems compared with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate.
Secure Adaptive Group Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Group Testing (GT) addresses the problem of identifying a small subset of defective items from a large population, by grouping items into as few test pools as possible. In Adaptive GT (AGT), outcomes of previous tests can influence the makeup of future tests. Using an information theoretic point of view, Aldridge 2012 showed that in the regime of a few defectives, adaptivity does not help much, as the number of tests required is essentially the same as for non-adaptive GT. Secure GT considers a scenario where there is an eavesdropper who may observe on average a fraction δ of the tests results, yet should not be able to infer the status of the items. In the non-adaptive scenario, the number of tests required is 1/(1-δ) times the number of tests without the secrecy constraint. In this paper, we consider Secure Adaptive GT . Specifically, when during the makeup of the pools one has access to a private feedback link from the lab, of rate Rf . We prove that the number of tests required for both correct reconstruction at the legitimate lab, with high probability, and negligible mutual information at the eavesdropper is 1/ min {1, 1 - δ + Rf } times the number of tests required with no secrecy constraint. Thus, unlike non-secure GT, where an adaptive algorithm has only a mild impact, under a security constraint it can significantly boost performance. A key insight is that not only the adaptive link should disregard the actual test results and simply send keys, these keys should be enhanced through a “secret sharing” scheme before usage. We derive sufficiency and necessity bounds that completely characterizes the Secure Adaptive GT capacity. Moreover, we consider additional models of Secure Adaptive GT, where we make a clear distinction between the lab performing the tests, and the doctor analyzing the results. Specifically, we consider curious but non-malicious, non-cooperating labs. Each lab gets a fraction δ of pool-tests to perform. Yet, we want to keep each lab ignorant regarding the status of the items. In contrast, the doctor who gets all outcomes, should successfully decode. When there is a feedback from each lab, we show that even if a curious lab obviously sees its own feedback (i.e., it is locally-public to Eve), secure adaptive GT is still possible, and at a rate that can be equal to the one without a security constraint at all, by an application of the Leftover Hash Lemma, using the data of one lab to protect against another.
“Leisure with Decorum”: Gentlemen Making Music in the Georgian era

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project examines the musical activities of Georgian gentlemen with the goal of illustrating the ways that recreational music-making tested the boundaries of gender, class, and nationality. While the English nobility could respectably engage in music-making, socialize with professional musicians (subverting, or temporarily suspending otherwise rigid class boundaries), and openly extol the virtues of Continental culture without compromising their gentlemanliness, English gentlemen walked a much thinner line. In pursuit of these claims I will expand the scope of primary sources beyond conduct books and novels to include selections of unpublished, peripheral accounts of recreational music-making as found in letters, diaries, printed and handwritten music books, amateur drawings, and other unconventional sources. By basing my investigation on materials that are not often examined for their combined musical and sociohistorical content, I shed new light on the largely invisible musical practices of Georgian gentlemen.
Translating climate projections into usable information for business. A case study from Tasmania

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Long-term changes in climate, in particular changes in precipitation patterns, are of particular concern for hydropower generators. Hydropower generation is directly reliant on rainfall, and investment in hydropower generation infrastructure is recovered over long time periods, typically forty years. Translating climate projections into information that can be used to inform business decisions is not a trivial task. This task is made more difficult in regions such as Tasmania where Global Climate Models (GCMs) poorly replicate regional rainfall distributions. Tasmania is characterised by its highly heterogeneous rainfall distribution, resulting from its complex topography. The West Coast of Tasmania receives average annual rainfalls in excess of 3,000 mm while the East Coast has average annual rainfalls of less than 700 mm, all within a distance of 200 km. This disparity in rainfall is poorly replicated by GCMs. The Climate Futures for Tasmania (CFT) project includes major downscaled climate modelling, which better replicates the distribution of rainfall over the state.
adolescents: a psychobiological perspective on internal working models

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Attachment theory claims that inner working models of attach- ment substantially control behavioral and emotional regulation. There are different levels of organization of the attachment system following a develop- mental sequence from basic attachment behaviors at newborn age to a pro- cedural organization in terms of behavioral strategies at the end of the first year to a representational organization later on. Also, the organismic systems under- lying emotions and emotional regulation may occur and may be described on different organizational levels. Inner working models are seen as regulatory mechanisms for the interplay between the different organismic systems under- lying emotions and emotional regulation. This paper will concentrate on bio- behavioral organization. Combining assumptions of attachment theory with assumptions about biobehavioral function may provide the possibility of vali- dating theoretically derived interpretations of the attachment system. Including the physiological processes in addition to the psychological processes enables us to test assumptions about the function of the inner working model with respect to processes that are not accessible by verbal communication and that are not expressed through overt behavior. The paper will provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the contri- bution of the inner working model of attachment to emotional perception, emotional expression and the coherence of inter-modal organization. The empirical findings suggest that from a developmental perspective the inclusion of different levels of regulation may provide possibilities of studying continu- ity and stability of individual differences of the attachment system during the life-course both within and across levels.
The current state of legal regulation of labor relations in Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The experts’ point of view regarding the concept of “labor legal relations” has been studied and the author’s definition has been given, which means the volitional, legal relationship between an employee and an employer, arising on the basis of an employment contract, regarding the employee’s performance of work with its payment and ensuring the working conditions necessary for it performance provided for by labor legislation, collective agreement and agreement of the parties. The current state of legal regulation of labor relations has been considered. It is well-founded that the Labor Code of Ukraine has not been adopted to date, therefore the Labor Code of Ukraine should really be the main regulatory legal act that comprehensively regulates all aspects of labor relations. Ensuring this, first of all, will contribute to a clear understanding of the normative material and its quick search. It is noted that today, due to certain circumstances, the Labor Code does not fulfill the role of the main act of labor legislation: firstly, along with the Labor Code, there are traditionally other laws that regulate certain aspects of labor relations, namely the laws of Ukraine “On Labor Payment”, “On vacations”, “On labor protection”; secondly, the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law”, adopted on March 15, 2022, suspended a large number of norms of the Labor Code and established other parameters of working conditions for all employees during the period of martial law. The analysis of the norms of modern national legislation shows that the changes established by the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law” worsen the working conditions of employees established by the Labor Code. It has been proven that the introduction of most of these changes is correct in the conditions of martial law, when the country’s economy needs radical transformations and additional resources. The inexpediency of reducing the guarantees established by the Labor Code for women who have a child under the age of three has also been proven, since raising a child is an extremely important social function of women in society and the state. The expediency of introducing wording changes in Articles 8 and 9 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law” from the words “women who have a child under the age of one year” and “of women who have a child under the age of one year” to, respectively, the words “women who have a child under the age of three” and “of women who have a child under three years of age” has been grounded in the article.
[Optimization of enoxaparin dose in the prevention of coagulation in the circuits of hemodialysis: results of a multicenter study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to define the optimal dosage of a low molecular weight enoxaparine (Lovenox) in the prevention of clotting in extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis, a multicentre trial was conducted in 72 patients dialysed in seven hemodialysis units. During three weeks, these patients received as antithrombic treatment a single injection of enoxaparine at the beginning of the session. The initial dose fixed by previous data concerning dialysis with high hemorrhagic risks patients was 0.5 mg/kg (50 U1 Anti-Xa/kg). According to the evaluation of thrombotic manifestations during a 4 hour dialysis, the dosage was progressively increased if necessary for each patient. For 41% patients, the initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg was maintained along the whole study; 59% patients needed higher dose, between 0.6 and 0.9 mg/kg. The mean dose for the whole patient population at the end of the study was 0.62 +/- 0.16 mg/kg. No complication nor side effect was noted. The influence of blood flow, nature of dialysis membrane, level of hematocrit was studied. In conclusion, 0.5 mg/kg of enoxaparine can prevent thrombotic manifestations in almost half of chronic hemodialysed patients with good results. Further studies could precise the place of personal or technical parameters in the choice of the optimal dose for each patient.
Atomically Dispersed, Low‐Coordinate Co–N Sites on Carbon Nanotubes as Inexpensive and Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hydrogen produced using renewable electricity is considered the key to achieving a low‐carbon energy economy. However, the large‐scale application of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen evolution currently requires expensive platinum‐based catalysts. Therefore, it is important to develop efficient and stable catalysts based on the rich reserves of transition metals as alternatives. In this study, the authors prepare a carbon‐nanotube material enriched with atomically dispersed CoN sites having uniquely low coordination numbers via the simple mixing, pyrolysis, and leaching of inexpensive precursors. These atomically dispersed low‐coordinate CoN sites provide an overpotential of only 82 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under challenging acidic conditions and show excellent durability in accelerated stability tests. Theoretical simulations also confirm that these unique, low‐coordinate CoN 2 sites have lower energy barriers in catalyzing the HER than Fe/NiN 2 sites and commonly reported CoN 3 /N 4 sites. Therefore, the method provides a new concept for the design of single‐atom catalytic sites with low coordination numbers. It also serves to reduce the cost of hydrogen production in the future owing to the high catalytic activity, low cost, and scalable production process.
Acid Fracturing of Gas Wells by Use of an Acid Precursor in the Form of Solid Beads: Lessons Learned From First Field Application

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Summary Acid-fracturing treatments are used commonly to enhance the productivity of carbonate formations with low-permeability zones. Various forms of hydrochloric acid (HCl) are used to create deep etched fractures. However, regular HCl reacts very fast with limestone and high-temperature dolomite formations and, unless retarded, will produce a fracture with low conductivity. In addition, concentrated HCl-based acids are very corrosive to well tubulars, especially at high temperatures. To address problems associated with concentrated acids, various retarded acids were introduced. Organic acids were used also in some cases. These organic acid systems were used successfully to acid fracture several wells in a deep gas reservoir in Saudi Arabia. Field data, however, indicated that there is a need to create deeper and more-conductive fractures. To achieve this goal, it was decided to conduct a field trial with a newly developed acid system. The new acid system is an ester of an organic acid in the form of solid beads. The ester reacts with water (hydrolyzes) at bottom-hole temperature and produces lactic acid, which reacts with carbonate minerals and etches the surface of the fracture. The system was examined thoroughly in the laboratory and showed promising results. The treatment was conducted in the field without encountering operational problems. After successful placement of the solid beads in the fracture, the well was shut in for 24 hours to give ample time for the ester to hydrolyze and for the generated acid to react with the formation rock. The well was allowed to flow, and samples of the fluids produced were collected to understand chemical reactions that occurred during the treatment. The treatment has resulted in a slight increase in gas production, and no significant improvement was noted over a 9-month period. Consequently, the well was matrix acidized with 28 wt% HCl and responded positively to the treatment. This paper will discuss major reactions that occurred during these treatments and how they impacted well response. Lessons learned and recommendations to improve the results of this new acid system will be given.
Expression of the clock gene Rev‐erbα in the brain controls the circadian organisation of food intake and locomotor activity, but not daily variations of energy metabolism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The nuclear receptor REV‐ERBα is part of the molecular clock mechanism and is considered to be involved in a variety of biological processes within metabolically active peripheral tissues as well. To investigate whether Rev‐erbα (also known as Nr1d1 ) in the brain plays a role in the daily variations of energy metabolism, feeding behaviour and the sleep‐wake cycle, we studied mice with global (GKO) or brain (BKO) deletion of Rev‐erbα . Mice were studied both in a light/dark cycle and in constant darkness, and then 24‐hour variations of Respiratory quotient (RQ) and energy expenditure, as well as the temporal patterns of rest‐activity and feeding behaviour, were recorded. The RQ increase of GKO mice was not detected in BKO animals, indicating a peripheral origin for this metabolic alteration. Arrhythmic patterns of locomotor activity were only found in BKO mice. By contrast, the circadian rhythm of food intake was lost both in GKO and BKO mice, mostly by increasing the number of daytime meals. These changes in the circadian pattern of feeding behaviour were, to some extent, correlated with a loss of rhythmicity of hypothalamic Hcrt (also named Orx ) mRNA levels. Taken together, these findings highlight that Rev‐erbα in the brain is involved in the temporal partitioning of feeding and sleep, whereas its effects on energy metabolism are mainly exerted through its peripheral expression.
2 “Demolish Serious Culture!”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses traces the path taken by the maverick composer, philosopher and activist Henry Flynt in the early 1960s, from a position at the heart of New York's downtown avant‐garde community, to his radical repudiation of the avant‐garde under the influence of the Marxist‐Leninist Workers World Party (WWP). The WWP both shaped the rhetoric of Flynt's attacks on the avant‐garde, and (through its militant advocacy of civil rights) encouraged his growing interest in black popular music. Paradoxically, this was to lead to tension with the WWP itself, which shared the culturally conservative outlook of Soviet communism. Flynt, by contrast, viewed “street‐Negro music” as representing the vanguard of musical evolution through its resourceful use of electric instruments and recording and broadcasting technology.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A SOLOW MODEL ON TIME SCALES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we further analyze the Solow model on time scales. This model was recently introduced by the authors and it combines the continuous and discrete Solow models and ex- tends them to dierent time scales. Assuming constant labor force growth in the Solow model, we establish a comparison theorem. Then, under the more realistic assumption that the labor force growth rate is a monotonically decreasing function, we discuss the comparison theorem as well as stability and monotonicity of the solutions of the Solow model. The economic meanings are also indicated in some remarks.
The Impact of the Pay-What-You-Want Pricing Experience on Customer Behavior: Focus on Willingness to Participate in Value Co-Creation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

While Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) gives customers pricing control, prior research has primarily emphasized its financial aspects, leaving its impact on non-financial outcomes, such as post-PWYW customer behavior, largely unexplored. In particular, the non-financial effects of PWYW have not been fully examined after controlling for the effects of increased self-efficacy due to pre-payment service use. We hypothesized that customers with higher self-efficacy due to service use and larger payments in PWYW will demonstrate a stronger willingness to participate in value co-creation. Results of online experiments using a hypothetical scenario centered on new-age music confirmed the hypothesis. This study broadens the scope of PWYW studies in two significant ways. First, it suggests that power derived from service experience and confidence should be distinguished from that derived from pricing mechanisms. Controlling for changes in power derived from service use accurately determines the relationship between PWYW and power. Second, this approach explores non-financial outcomes, particularly the influence of the PWYW experience on customers’ willingness to participate in value co-creation, and provides empirical evidence. Additionally, we provide practical insights for companies considering PWYW adoption, emphasizing the influence of the PWYW experience on customer–provider relations.