jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inshigts in EEG Versus HEG and RT-FMRI Neuro Feedback Training for Cognition Enhancement

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>Innovative research technologies in the neurosciences have remarkably improved the perception of brain structure and function. The use of several neurofeedback training techniques is broadly used for the memory and cognition augmentation as well as for several learning difficulties and AHDD rehabilitation. Author’s objective is to review cognitive enhancement techniques with the use of brain imaging intervention methods as well to evaluate the effects of these methods in the educational process. The efficiency and limitations of neurofeedback training with the use of EEG brain imaging, HEG scanning, namely NIR and PIR method and fMRI scan including rt-fMRI brain scanning technique are also discussed. Moreover, technical and clinical details of several neurofeedback treatment approaches were also taken into consideration</p>
[Correlation analysis of low-dose X-ray ionizing radiation and thyroid function in radiation workers].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the effect of low-dose X-ray ionizing radiation on thyroid function of radiation workers. Methods: From January to December 2021, a total of 1039 medical workers in some tertiary hospitals in Wuhan were selected as the survey subjects, of which 518 radiation workers were selected as the exposure group, and 521 non-radiation workers were selected as the control group. The general conditions of the two groups were collected, and 5 indicators of thyroid function were measured, including total thyroxine (TT(4)) , total triiodothyronine (TT(3)) , free triiodothyronine (FT(3)) , thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , and free thyroxine (FT(4)) . The annual cumulative dose of ionizing radiation exposure in the exposure group was collected. Pearson χ(2) test and independent sample t test were used to compare the general conditions, 5 indicators of thyroid function and abnormal rate between the two groups. Linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the annual cumulative dose and 5 indicators of thyroid function in the exposure group. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid dysfunction in the exposure group. Results: The TT(4) levels of the workers in the control group and the exposure group were (7.95±1.07) μg/dl and (8.26±1.41) μg/dl, respectively, and the FT(4) levels were (16.33±2.19) pmol/L and (17.15±2.42) pmol/L, respectively, the rate of thyroid dysfunction was 4.80% (25/521) and 8.49% (44/518) , and the above differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Linear regression analysis showed that the annual cumulative dose of the exposure group was significantly correlated with TT(4), TT(3), FT(4), and TSH (P<0.05) . For every 1 mSv increase in the annual cumulative dose, TT(4) increased by 1.661 μg/dl, FT(4) increased by 1.422 pmol/L, TT(3) decreased by 0.113 ng/ml, and TSH decreased by 0.731 μIU/ml. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the older the radiation workers, the higher the risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR=1.080, 95% CI: 1.016-1.148, P=0.013) ; the greater the annual cumulative dose, the higher the risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR=6.400, 95%CI: 1.796-22.811, P=0.004) . Conclusion: The annual cumulative dose of low-dose X-ray ionizing radiation is positively correlated with thyroid function TT(4) and FT(4) of radiation workers, and negatively correlated with TT(3) and TSH; the greater the age and annual cumulative dose, the higher the risk of thyroid dysfunction.
The Indications for Transfusion of Freshly Drawn Blood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of freshly drawn blood for transfusion should be justified by the clinical and laboratory findings manifested by the patient in relation to the known effects of storage on blood. Empirical administration of this product is wasteful, for it depletes the available donor pool and interferes with blood-bank inventory. A review of a variety of clinical situations that frequently occasion requests for freshly drawn blood indicates that most can be treated optimally with specific blood components, relatively fresh blood, or, in some instances, blood of any storage age.
An analysis of zilizopendwa for the development of instructional materials for music education.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research focused on the development of instructional materials for music education from Zilizopendwa (early Kenyan popular music of 1945 - 1975) with the hope of providing a socio-cultural education. The study sought to: establish musical and extra-musical content of Zilizopendwa; identify features of Zilizopendwa that are practical for use in education; develop an index of song material; each with derivable music concepts; and generate learning materials from Zilizopendwa useable for teaching music concepts and skills. The study was conducted in Nairobi and Nyanza provinces. The study population included music teachers, popular musicians and recordings from era under study. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques yielded respondents for the study. Data collection instruments included opinionnaire, observation and analysis schedules. Qualitative data was analysed through the descriptive method that involved the transcription of songs into staff notation for analysis in reference to musical concepts and translation of text into English to facilitate understanding of verbal message. The study authenticates the suitability of Zilizopendwa in providing materials functional in music education. Through the analysis, an instructional model was created that validates the genre's applicability for music instruction. The study further generated a collection of song material for classroom use. A song index was developed to guide the selection of this song material for the implementation of various segments of the music curriculum. Finally, in light of the study findings, the recommendations made for possible implementations by relevant authorities included the need for: teaching strategies that involve active experiences with the music; socio-cultural sensitive education policies, methodologies, strategies' and resources; equipping teachers with contemporary teaching strategies and techniques and the incorporation of more socio-cultural teaching materials and resources in music education.
Explaining and Prioritizing Supplier Evaluation Indicators with a Meta-Synthesis Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: In supply chain management, decision-making for supplier selection is a key issue that has become a strategic goal for organizations in recent years. The problem of supplier selection due to the multiplicity and variety of qualitative and quantitative indicators is a multi-attribute decision-making problem. The present study aims to explain and prioritize the indices of supplier assessment with a meta-synthesis approach.Methodology: In this article, the most effective evaluation indicators of suppliers are examined. The research started by reviewing 467 titles of articles and then evaluating them. Two hundred eighty-two articles were selected using the meta-synthesis approach. By analyzing them, supplier evaluation indicators were classified into 5 dimensions, 19 sub-dimensions, and 112 components, and their effect coefficient was determined using the Shannon entropy method.Findings: The results showed that price, quality, on-time delivery, revenue, organizational structure, human resource management, energy management, environmental management, customer orientation, and green management indices are the most effective indicators in evaluating suppliers.Originality/Value: Supplier selection and evaluation are imperative in creating an effective supply chain. The production process has changed from producing most products to outsourcing major accessories. Suppliers have a key role to play in creating a product. The manufacturer must be careful when choosing a supplier. Therefore, identification, evaluation, and selection of suppliers are imperative. The results showed that companies can gain a significant competitive advantage by identifying and evaluating the indicators of supply chain suppliers.
Road Surface Characterization Using a 77–81 GHz Polarimetric Radar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Various road surfaces are studied through monostatic polarimetric-radar measurements at 77-81 GHz in real traffic conditions. Dry asphalt of different roughness is compared to wet asphalt and gravel in terms of their entropy and the balance between surface, volume and double bounce scattering. It is shown that asphalt surfaces of different roughness are distinguishable. Wet surface is clearly detectable through its reduced entropy, a result of enhanced surface scattering. Measurements of pavement and gravel surfaces are also presented and compared to asphalt. The ultimate goal of this study is to relate friction to the polarimetric parameters measured in real time while the vehicle is in motion. Ice and snow covered road surfaces are of particular interest, but are not covered in this paper.
Arctic Sea Ice Albedo Estimation from Fengyun-3C/Visible and Infra-Red Radiometer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The sea ice albedo can amplify global climate change and affect the surface energy in the Arctic. In this paper, the data from Visible and Infra-Red Radiometer (VIRR) onboard Fengyun-3C satellite are applied to derive the Arctic sea ice albedo. Two radiative transfer models, namely, 6S and FluxNet, are used to simulate the reflectance and albedo in the shortwave band. Clear sky sea ice albedo in the Arctic region (60°~90°N) from 2016 to 2019 is derived through the physical process, including data preprocessing, narrowband to broadband conversion, anisotropy correction, and atmospheric correction. The results are compared with aircraft measurements and AVHRR Polar Pathfinder-Extended (APP-x) albedo product and OLCI MPF product. The bias and standard deviation of the difference between VIRR albedo and aircraft measurements are −0.040 and 0.071, respectively. Compared with APP-x product and OLCI MPF product, a good consistency of albedo is shown. And analyzed together with melt pond fraction, an obvious negative relationship can be seen. After processing the 4-year data, an obvious annual trend can be observed. Due to the influence of snow on the ice surface, the average surface albedo of the Arctic in March and April can reach more than 0.8. Starting in May, with the ice and snow melting and melt ponds forming, the albedo drops rapidly to 0.5–0.6. Into August, the melt ponds begin to freeze and the surface albedo increases.
An Historical Survey of the Development of Science and Technology Education in Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the development of Science and Technology Education in Nigeria. Science and Technology Education in Nigeria and its development can be phased into two periods as Science and Technology Education before Independence, 1842-1960 and after Independence. Today, Nigeria like other developing countries, is facing the greatest challenges of humanizing Science and Technology that is to make them relevant to human needs and aspirations to bring about a sense of satisfaction and content. A paper like this would be an impetus to the understanding of the challenges inherent in the present day development of Science and Technology Education in Nigeria. As a result of these challenges, suggestions for improvements were recommended. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n6p285
Visualization of interactions between β- or γ-actin and myosin II using in situ PLA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>The proximity ligation assay between endogenous β- or γ-actin and myosin II was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Each red spot in the left panel represents a single interaction between endogenous β- or γ-actin and myosin II. The middle panel presents images of LS174T cells in the phase contrast. Merged images (interaction of proteins, phase contrast image, nucleus stained with DAPI) are shown on the right panel. Scale bar: 10 μm.</p>
THE HYPOTHESIS OF NONSPECIFICITY AND 4027

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The hypothesis of nonspecificity as proposed by Sokal & Sneath (26) states that a genotype cannot be partitioned into disjointed classes of loci in such a way that any of those classes of loci affect exclusively a single of phenotypic characters. Thus there are not expected to exist separate sets of loci controlling, for example, external characters independently of internal ones. The primary thrust of this hypothesis as originally proposed is that if a collection of characters for a taxonomic study are selected from some particular class of characters such as morphological, external, biochemical characters, or the like, under the hypothesis a broad representation of the genome may nonetheless be obtained. The notion of taxonomic congruence of different sets of characters was associated by Sokal and Sneath with their hypothesis of nonspecificity. Two different sets of characters are said to be congruent if they imply the same classification of some particular collection of OTUs3 under consideration. Stated in this general form, the idea of taxonomic congruence is actually quite an old one, occurring frequently in the prenumerical taxonomic literature. Sokal and Sneath linked congruence with-the nonspecificity hypothesis because they felt that studies of taxonomic congruence between different character sets could provide evidence for the truth or falsity of the nonspecificity hypothesis. The significance of the hypothesis of nonspecificity is best understood in terms of the intellectual milieu at the time of its proposal. Amid the controversy that accompanied the inception of numerical taxonomy, numerical pheneticists were forced in self-defense to develop a framework of concepts within which their taxonomic philosophy and techniques could be justified. Suggesting as it did that a broad sampling of components of the genotype could be achieved through a relatively restricted sampling of the phenotype, the hypothesis of nonspecificity provided the potential of strong
Large Language Models and Text Embeddings for Detecting Depression and Suicide in Patient Narratives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance Large language models (LLMs) and text-embedding models have shown potential in assessing mental health risks based on narrative data from psychiatric patients. Objective To assess whether LLMs and text-embedding models can identify depression and suicide risk based on sentence completion test (SCT) narratives of psychiatric patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study, conducted at Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, analyzed SCT data collected from April 1, 2016, to September 30, 2021. Participants included psychiatric patients aged 18 to 39 years who completed SCT and self-assessments for depression (Beck Depression Inventory–II or Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) and/or suicide (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation). Patients confirmed to have an IQ below 70 were excluded, leaving 1064 eligible SCT datasets (52 627 completed responses). Data processing with LLMs (GPT-4o, May 13, 2024, version; OpenAI [hereafter, LLM1 ]; gemini-1.0-pro, February 2024 version; Google DeepMind [hereafter, LLM2 ]; and GPT-3.5-turbo-16k, January 25, 2024, version; OpenAI) and text-embedding models (text-embedding-3-large, OpenAI [hereafter, text-embedding 1 ]; text-embedding3-small; OpenAI; and text-embedding-ada-002; OpenAI) was performed between July 4 and September 30, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included the performance of LLMs and text-embedding models in detecting depression and suicide, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), balanced accuracy, and macro F1-score. Performance was evaluated across concatenated narratives of SCT, including self-concept, family, gender perception, and interpersonal relations narratives. Results Based on SCT narratives from 1064 patients (mean [SD] age, 25.4 [5.5] years; 673 men [63.3%]), LLM1 showed strong performance in zero-shot learning, with an AUROC of 0.720 (95% CI, 0.689-0.752) for depression and 0.731 (95% CI, 0.704-0.762) for suicide risk using self-concept narratives. Few-shot learning for depression further improved the performance of LLM1 (AUROC, 0.754 [95% CI, 0.721-0.784]) and LLM2 (AUROC, 0.736 [95% CI, 0.704-0.770]). The text-embedding 1 model paired with extreme gradient boosting outperformed other models, achieving an AUROC of 0.841 (95% CI, 0.783-0.897) for depression and 0.724 (95% CI, 0.650-0.795) for suicide risk. Overall, self-concept narratives showed the most accurate detections across all models. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study of SCT narratives from psychiatric patients suggests that LLMs and text-embedding models may effectively detect depression and suicide risk, particularly using self-concept narratives. However, while these models demonstrated potential for detecting mental health risks, further improvements in performance and safety are essential before clinical application.
Teaching aldosterone regulation and basic scientific principles using a classic paper by Dr. James O. Davis and colleagues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Classroom discussion of scientific articles can be an effective means of teaching scientific principles and methodology to both undergraduate and graduate science students. The availability of classic papers from the American Physiological Society Legacy Project has made it possible to access articles dating back to the early portions of the 20th century. In this article, we discuss a classic paper from the laboratory of Dr. James O. Davis on the regulation of aldosterone synthesis from the adrenal zona glomerulosa cell. Dr. Davis has conducted much of the seminal research investigating the renin-angiotensin system and the regulation of aldosterone release by angiotensin II. In addition to a characterization of the effects of ACTH on aldosterone regulation, this study is useful for discussing the basic principles of negative feedback pathways of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. This study also provides examples of early bioassay techniques for the detection of angiotensin II and of the importance of quantitative measurements when investigating physiological responses. Three figures and one table are reproduced from the original article along with a series of discussion questions designed to facilitate discovery learning.
Efficient Co-Channel Interference Suppression by Hybrid of a Binomial Array and Uniform Linear Array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Beamforming is a technique used to spatially separate signals that have overlapping or same frequency content but originating from different directions. In wireless communication, Base Transceiver stations (BTSs) are fixed at a certain location whereas Mobile stations (MSs) is mobile in the coverage area of the BTS. Therefore, in this work, the relative position of MSs with respect to BTS was used as the desired angle to make a strong beam in the desired direction and null in any other direction. This paper combines a Binomial Array and Uniform Linear Array which has a narrow beam width in the desired direction and null in any other direction. Simulation results show that the hybrid array has improved signal to noise ratio by 25dB.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of MnS–ZnS and MnS–CdS Nanoparticles in Montmorillonite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The incorporation of metal sulfide mixture, manganese sulfide and zinc sulfide (MnS–ZnS) or manganese sulfide and cadmium sulfide (MnS–CdS), in two types of montmorillonites (sodium montmorillonite and cetyltrimethylammonium modified montmorillonite) was investigated. The hybrids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman, UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The experimental evidences such as the expansion of the interlayer spaces and the presence of the absorption and photoluminescence due to MnS, ZnS and/or CdS revealed that the mixed metal sulfides formed in the interlayer space of montmorillonites. TEM images of the hybrids showed diskor plate-shaped nanoparticles with a mean diameter of ca. 2 nm. The increase of the luminescence intensities of the hybrids was assumed to be caused by quantum confinement effect in the interlayer space of montmorillonite.
Effect of herbo-mineral formulation (Shilajatu Rasayana) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The major cause of female infertility in recent years is polycystic ovarian syndrome commonly called as PCOS, compared to yonivyapath (disorders of female reproductive system) described in Ayurveda. Shilajatu Rasayana herbo-mineral preparation mentioned in "Rasendra Chudamani" indicated in yonyaamaya (disorders of female reproductive system), gulma (tumors), meha (hyperinsulinemia), pandu (anemia), etc. is expected to contribute positive and better result in letrozole-induced PCOS, considering the previous analytical and experimental studies. Letrozole, Shilajatu Rasayana, clomiphene citrate, ghee, and female albino rats formed the materials for the study. Totally thirty female rats were initially induced to develop PCOS by injecting letrozole. The induction of PCOS in rats was checked through vaginal smear analysis and further confirmed by hormonal assay. PCOS-induced rats were treated with clomiphene citrate (standard), Shilajatu Rasayana (test drug), and ghee (control). Ovarian and uterine weight, hormonal assay, and histomorphometric changes were observed and recorded. Shilajatu Rasayana has shown a significant result in letrozole-induced PCOS by regulating hormones, reduction of cystic follicles, maturation of ovarian follicles, and decreasing the increased ovarian and uterine weight.
Identification and Synthesis of Products Isolated during Metabolism Studies of Tilmicosin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification and Synthesis of Products Isolated during Metabolism Studies of TilmicosinHerbert A. Kirst, Alvin L. Donoho, Lawrence C. Creemer, Julie A. Wind, Donnis M. Berry, John L. Occolowitz, and Jonathan W. PaschalCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 5, 1219–1222Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00041a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00041a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts