jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Removal of the crucifixes in 1958 in north-east counties of Cracow voivodeship resented in the historical documentation of that time

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article depicts how the action of the crucifix removal (so called “decrucification”, Polish dekrucyfikacja) proceeded in Poland in 1958 in north-east counties of Cracow voivodeship. It is one of the least examined aspects of Polish national policy towards the Roman Catholic Church and its followers at the time of Polish People’s Republic (PRL). The goal of the action was to remove the crucifixes from school walls, where they were placed after Polish October 1956. In cities the procedure did not meet serious protests, whereas in small towns and villages it led to significant repercussions. Among the fundamental questions one can ask in this case there are: what was the cause of that phenomenon? What stood behind such a strong opposition against school authorities obedient to the Minister of Education whose ordinance obliged them to remove religious emblems? Why did children from small towns and villages participate in school strikes? Why did their parents stand up against the Prosecutor’s Office, local authorities and even the police? What logic was followed by the state authorities who issued the order of removing the religious symbol from schools? A careful analysis of the documentation gathered by the Central Archives of Modern Records (Archiwum Akt Nowych ) in Warsaw and by the branch offices of the Institute of National Remembrance (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, IPN) certainly sheds some light on the above questions.
Skeletal evidence of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) in a collective burial from Byzantine Greece

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper reports on a collective burial from a 13th c. AD cist grave in Attica, Greece. The grave was located inside a basilica and held the remains of at least ten adults. Bone representation analysis showed secondary manipulation of previous deceased including long bone selection for reburial in the same grave and/or bones transported from a different burial place. Paleopathological analysis used macroscopy and radiology, and revealed several lesions on the axial and appendicular skeleton expressed mainly by spinal ligament ossification and multiple peripheral enthesopathies. Individuation of the remains pointed to a middle-aged male with DISH, a condition often correlated to high social rank. Byzantine period is marked by increasing development and prosperity in Greece including among others the creation of many local monastic centers. Although the precise social and professional profile of these individuals cannot be revealed, the combined investigation of skeletal and archaeological evidence suggests that the grave gathered the remains of individuals belonging to an upper class social group.
Fig. 2 in Alien populations of painted frogs, genus Discoglossus, on the southeastern coast of France: two examples of anthropogenic introduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 2. (A) Adult male Discoglossus sardus from Marseille, 31 May 2018. (B) Discoglossus sardus habitat in the city of Marseille. (C) Adult Discoglossus pictus from Grimaud, 7 November 2018. (D) Discoglossus pictus habitat in Grimaud. The white arrow indicates the position of a ditch filled with water, where three individuals were observed. Photos by Mathieu Policain (A–B), Julien Renet (C), and Google Map/Street View (D).
Management of immune checkpoint therapy for patients with cancer in the face of COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 challenges the medical system by interfering with routine therapies for many patients with chronic diseases. In patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), difficulties also arise from the incomplete understanding of the intricate interplay between their routine treatment and pathogenesis of the novel virus. By referring to previous ICI-based investigations, we speculate that ICIs themselves are not linked to high-infection risks of respiratory diseases or inflammation-related adverse effects in patients with cancer. Moreover, ICI treatment may even enhance coronavirus clearance in some patients with malignant tumor by boosting antiviral T-cell responsiveness. However, the ‘explosive’ inflammation during COVID-19 in some ICI-treated patients with cancer was illustrated as exuberant immunopathological damage or even death. In case of the COVID-19 immunopathogenesis fueled by ICIs, we propose a regular monitor of pathogenic T-cell subsets and their exhaustion marker expression (eg, Th17 and interleukin (IL)-6-producing Th1 subsets with surface programmed death 1 expression) to guide the usage of ICI. Here we aimed to address these considerations, based on available literature and experience from our practice, that may assist with the decision-making of ICI administration during the pandemic.
Soft Metal-Mediated Base Pairing with Novel Synthetic Nucleosides Possessing an O,S-Donor Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Metal-mediated base pairing with artificial ligand-bearing nucleosides allows site-selective metal incorporation inside DNA duplexes. In particular, this strategy has provided a general way of discrete, heterogeneous metal arrays in a programmable manner. To increase the kind of metallo-building blocks, we have newly synthesized two artificial nucleosides which have an O, S-donor ligand as the nucleobase moiety, mercaptopyridone ( M) and hydroxypyridinethione ( S). These nucleosides were found to efficiently form metal-mediated base pairs with soft transition metal ions such as Pd (2+) and Pt (2+).
Divergent Reactivity of Amino Acid Alkyl Ester Hydrochlorides with 2-Oxoaldehydes: Role of Selenium Dioxide To Promote Regioselective Synthesis of Imidazoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Novel amino acid substituted imidazoles engendered from amino acid alkyl ester hydrochlorides and 2-oxoaldehydes as a result of selenium dioxide promoted unconventional reaction in a basic environment is presented for the first time. Despite the nature of the 2-oxoaldehydes/amino acids used, the imidazoles generated had a functional core structure, and all of the reactions meticulously retained regioselectivity. The imperative feature of these reactions was the uniqueness of selenium dioxide in fixing two nitrogen atoms from amino acids through an in situ generated ArCOCHN1N2 system.
Cloning and expression of cDNA for salmon growth hormone in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

cDNA clones encoding chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) growth hormone (sGH) have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from chum salmon pituitary gland poly(A) + RNA. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide mixtures based on amino acid residues 23-28 of sGH were used as hybridization probes to select recombinant plasmids carrying the sGH coding sequence. The complete nucleotide sequence of sGH cDNA has been determined. The cDNA sequence codes for a polypeptide of 210 amino acids, including a putative signal sequence of 22 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the message were 64 and 426 bases long, respectively. Mature sGH was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli carrying a plasmid in which the sGH cDNA was under control of the E. coli trp promoter; sGH comprised about 15% of the total cellular protein in such bacteria. The partially purified sGH from E. coli stimulated the growth of rainbow trout and the activity was indistinguishable from that of natural sGH.
Urban history of site of Partizans square from 16th century to the year 1961

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The area on which the city is built Partisans square in Užice had a dynamic urban history which began to develop from the late 15th century as a series of objects along the street. During the 16th and 17th century the area was extensively developed and included in the physical structure of the city. During the Ottoman administration at the site was a city residential and business block recorded in the Austrian military maps from 1737. According to the sketch of the current situation of the burnt part of Užice in 1863 at the site of the cemetery records. The new plan of 1863 provides that the location of offices space for city beverages to trade grain. The plan from 1891 as a space defined by the following square. The plan of 1945 provides for the reconstruction of locations according to the principles of Modern architecture. Finally, in 1958, defined the solution of Partisans Square. This paper analyzes, step by step, urban location status since the 15th century until 1958, through the written sources, maps and plans.
Anorectal incontinence and rectal prolapse: differential assessment of the innervation to puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscles.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The innervation of the puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscles was studied in 32 patients with idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence, 12 of whom also had complete rectal prolapse, using transcutaneous spinal stimulation, transrectal pudendal nerve stimulation, single fibre EMG, anorectal manometry, and measurement of perineal descent. Fourteen normal subjects served as controls. Significant increases in the spinal motor latencies from L1 to the puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscles were shown in all 32 incontinent patients (p less than 0.01). The single fibre (EMG) fibre density was increased in the puborectalis muscle in 60% and in the external anal sphincter in 75% of patients. An increased pudendal nerve terminal motor latency was found in 68% of patients; 69% had an abnormal degree of perineal descent and all had reduced anal canal contraction pressures. These data show that the different innervations of the puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscles are both damaged in patients with anorectal incontinence.
A method for real-time implementation of HOG feature extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) is an efficient feature extraction scheme, and HOG descriptors are feature descriptors which is widely used in computer vision and image processing for the purpose of biometrics, target tracking, automatic target detection(ATD) and automatic target recognition(ATR) etc. However, computation of HOG feature extraction is unsuitable for hardware implementation since it includes complicated operations. In this paper, the optimal design method and theory frame for real-time HOG feature extraction based on FPGA were proposed. The main principle is as follows: firstly, the parallel gradient computing unit circuit based on parallel pipeline structure was designed. Secondly, the calculation of arctangent and square root operation was simplified. Finally, a histogram generator based on parallel pipeline structure was designed to calculate the histogram of each sub-region. Experimental results showed that the HOG extraction can be implemented in a pixel period by these computing units.
Fluid-phase uptake by macropinocytosis in Dictyostelium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT To study fluid-phase endocytosis in living cells and its relationship to changes in the cell cortex, we have used a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of coronin, an actin-associated protein that localises to dynamic regions of the Dictyostelium cell cortex. In the confocal microscope, internalisation of fluorescently labelled dextran as a fluid-phase marker can be recorded simultaneously with the recruitment of the coronin-GFP fusion-protein from the cytoplasm of the phagocyte. At crown-shaped surface protrusions, extracellular medium is taken up into vesicles with an average diameter of 1.6 µm, which is significantly larger than the 0.1 µm diameter of clathrin-coated pinosomes. The observed frequency of macropinosome formation can account for a large portion, if not all, of the fluid-phase uptake. The redistribution of coronin-GFP strongly resembles cytoskeletal rearrangements during phagocytosis. Scanning-electron micrographs indicate that crown-shaped cell-surface extensions can undergo shape changes, without a particle bound, that are similar to shape changes that occur during phagocytosis. In quantitative assays, the uptake of particles and fluid are about equally dependent on F-actin and coronin.
First report of squash leaf curl virus detected in Proboscidea louisianica in Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) was detected in Proboscidea louisianica and identified based on the nucleotide sequence of the viral capsid protein genome.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the begomovirus was associated with viral symptoms of the host weed.This is the first report of SLCV detected in P. louisianica.
Globalization and Energy Consumption: Empirical Implications for Income Inequality in Developing Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to envisage the impact of globalization and energy consumption on income inequality in developing countries. The specific objectives are to discover the impact of economic, social, political, and overall globalization along with energy consumption on income inequality. To attain the empirical outcomes, this study employed the System-GMM on a panel dataset from 1996 to 2018 in a sample of sixty-nine developing countries as per the classification of World Bank. To further validate the empirical outcomes different interaction terms between overall globalization and energy use, political globalization and energy consumption, social globalization and energy consumption are all regressed on income inequality. The main finding of this study is that income inequality is positively affected by globalization and is statistically significant. This research also discovered a negative correlation between energy consumption and income inequality. The study suggests that developing nations should adopt policies to open their markets to the entire world, make effective use of globalization, and promote policies that reduce income inequality.
Identification of the Dictyostelium discoideum gene for a protein showing sequence similarity to iron superoxide dismutase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Oxidative stress that results from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a significant source of cellular and DNA damage. Organisms have various enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidase for detoxifying ROS. SOD converts superoxide anions to H2O2, which is then disproportionated to water by catalase or peroxidase. Because of its important role, SOD is conserved widely in organisms. According to the metal ion cofactors identified in the active sites, SODs of eukaryotes are classified as copper/zinc SOD (Cu/ZnSOD), which are present in bacteria, fungi, animals and plants; manganese SOD (MnSOD), which have been found in bacteria and mitochondria; and iron SOD (FeSOD), which have been detected in bacteria, chloroplasts and protozoa (Fridovich, 1995; Miller, 2004). Mammalians, including humans, generally possess both Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD but lack FeSOD, whereas some protozoan parasites encode FeSOD. Identification of the Dictyostelium discoideum gene for a protein showing sequence similarity to iron superoxide dismutase
A DOMINAÇÃO NAS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO A PARTIR DA INDÚSTRIA 4.0

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to conduct a bibliographical discussion on domination in labor relations based on Industry 4.0. The relevance of the topic is based on the complexity of union relations and the role of worker leadership in the creation of domination structures that are established to carry out the work process, which are essential for the sustainability of organizations. The theoretical option presents a conceptual approach to labor relations and Industry 4.0, pointing out the most significant concepts to support the study. As a methodology, this article involves qualitative, descriptive research, and a bibliographical review was chosen to allow the use of previously published material, serving as a contribution to the foundation of the studied topic. It was concluded that domination manifests itself in labor relations based on Industry 4.0, based on subcontracting focused on the process of flexibilization in work organizations, insecurity, vulnerability, low or no qualification labor, poverty, and increasingly suppressed rights.
Analysis Of The Completeness Of Filling In Patient Identity On The Entry And Exit Form For Inpatient Inpatients Of Wangaya Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Incompleteness in filling out medical record files will result in the records contained being out of sync and the patient's previous health information being difficult to identify. This study aims to determine the completeness of filling in the patient's identity on the inpatient admission and discharge form. Method: The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The sample used was 237 medical records of inpatients in October taken by simple random sampling. Results: The research results showed that 152 sheets of the entry and exit summary forms were complete (64.14%) and 85 sheets of the entry and exit summary forms were incomplete (35.86%). The reason for the incomplete filling in of the patient's identity on the admission and discharge summary form is because the implementation of standard operational procedures has not been optimal. What the hospital needs to do next is carry out outreach regarding filling in patient identity and immediately implement electronic medical records. Conclusion: There are still incompleteness in filling in the medical resume for the identity of inpatients at Wangaya Hospital.
Effect of nutrients and plant-population density on yield and quality of round gourd (Citrullus lanatus var fistulosus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted during 1987-88 to study the effect of nutrients and plant density on yield and quality afround gourd [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. & Nakai var fistulosus (Stocks) Mansf.]. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having different plant spacings (22.5,30.0 and 45.0 cm between plants) in main plot, and various combinations af nitrogen (75. 100 and 125 kg/hal and phosphorus (50. 62.5 and 75 kg/hal in subplot. The plant spacing of 90 cm X 22.5 cm gave rne maximum fruit yield (10.9 tonnes/ha). Application of N and P had positive correlation with quality attributes ie total soluble solids. ascorbic acid and mineral matter. during both the years. Nand P @ 100 and 75 kg/ha gave maximum fruit. yield of 10.2 and 9.9 tonnes/ha respectively.
COORDINATION OF TASK INTERDEPENDENCIESIN COLLABORATIVE SUPPLY CHAINS:INTERORGANIZATIONAL IT-ENABLEDCOORDINATION CAPABILITIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines how information flows in product development in collaborative supply chains can be effectively managed to improve performance. Following the information processing view of the product development process, interorganizational collaboration implies that tasks and capabilities are aligned for maximum effectiveness. However, misalignment among these factors is common, resulting in (i) poor communication, (ii) inefficient information sharing, and (iii) poor access to relevant real-time information, lengthening product development times, increasing design costs, and endangering innovation and product quality. This study proposes the concept of interorganizational IT-related coordination capability, drawing upon the dynamic capabilities, coordination theory, the relational view, and IT management literatures. Alignment between coordination capabilities and task interdependencies influences supply chain performance, which is manifested as (a) faster time to market, (b) improved product quality and innovation, (c) efficiency, and (d) collaborative advantage. This study aims to theoretically develop and empirically validate the coevolutionary interrelationship between interorganizational IT-related coordination capability and task interdependence, in addition to the role of goal congruence, organizational interdependence, interorganizational trust, and relationship specific investments on facilitating coordination capabilities. This research has implications for the coordination of complex information flows in the supply chain, the utilization of IT-related coordination capabilities in interfirm new product development processes, and long-term supply chain competitive advantage.
Combined modality approach in the management of locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty-five patients with stage III or IV locally advanced head and neck cancer were treated from February 1981 to November 1982 with a combined modality approach utilizing chemotherapy followed by irradiation and surgery. Induction therapy with cisplatin and bleomycin was followed by a sequence integrating weekly cisplatin into a program of locoregional irradiation. After the administration of 4800 cGy, patients received either "boost" irradiation or surgery. At the completion of all therapy, 20 of 23 patients evaluable for response had achieved complete remission. Toxicity was tolerable and all patients are being followed closely to assess durability of remission and overall survival.
Placenta Defects and Embryonic Lethality Resulting from Disruption of Mouse Hydroxysteroid (17-β) Dehydrogenase 2 Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hydroxysteroid (17-β) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2) is a member of aldo-keto reductase superfamily, known to catalyze the inactivation of 17β-hydroxysteroids to less active 17-keto forms and catalyze the conversion of 20α-hydroxyprogesterone to progesterone in vitro. To examine the role of HSD17B2 in vivo, we generated mice deficient in Hsd17b2 [HSD17B2 knockout (KO)] by a targeted gene disruption in embryonic stem cells. From the homozygous mice carrying the disrupted Hsd17b2, 70% showed embryonic lethality appearing at the age of embryonic d 11.5 onward. The embryonic lethality was associated with reduced placental size measured at embryonic d 17.5. The HSD17B2KO mice placentas presented with structural abnormalities in all three major layers: the decidua, spongiotrophoblast, and labyrinth. Most notable was the disruption of the spongiotrophoblast and labyrinthine layers, together with liquid-filled cysts in the junctional region and the basal layer. Treatments with an antiestrogen or progesterone did not rescue the embryonic lethality or the placenta defect in the homozygous mice. In hybrid background used, 24% of HSD17B2KO mice survived through the fetal period but were born growth retarded and displayed a phenotype in the brain with enlargement of ventricles, abnormal laminar organization, and increased cellular density in the cortex. Furthermore, the HSD17B2KO mice had unilateral renal degeneration, the affected kidney frequently appearing as a fluid-filled sac. Our results provide evidence for a role for HSD17B2 enzyme in the cellular organization of the mouse placenta.
Integrative Oncology Exceptional Patients - Thoughts and Reflections

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

3Three groups of mice were injected with tumor cells and studied for the ability to reject these tumor cells among those three groups. In the first group, which was simply observed, about 54% of the mice rejected the tumor cells, with the other 46% developing tumors. The second group of mice received electric shocks. The mice had no control over the electric shocks. Only 23% of those mice managed to reject the tumor cells. This means that 77% developed tumors. The third group was given control over the electric shocks. They quickly learned that they could stop the shocks when they pressed a lever. What the researchers found was that 63% of the mice that were able to stop the shocks were able to reject the tumor cells—only