jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the receptor-binding site of murine coronavirus spike protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been found that a domain composed of 330 amino acids of the N terminus of murine coronavirus spike protein [S1N(330)] is involved in receptor-binding activity (H. Kubo, Y.K. Yamada, and F. Taguchi, J. Virol. 68:5403-5410, 1994). To delineate the amino acid sequences involved in receptor-binding activity, we have compared the S1N(330) proteins of seven different mouse hepatitis virus MHV strains that are able to utilize the MHV receptor protein. Three conserved regions (sites I, II, and III) were found to consist of more than 10 identical amino acids, and they were analyzed for receptor-binding activity by site-directed mutagenesis. S1N(330) with a substitution at position 62 from the N terminus of S1 in region I and that with substitutions at positions 212, 214, and 216 in region II showed no receptor-binding activity. The S1N(330) mutants without receptor-binding activity were not able to prevent virus binding to the receptor. These results suggest that the receptor-binding site on S1N(330) is composed of regions located apart from each other in the protein's primary structure, in which Thr at position 62 as well as amino acids located at positions 212, 214, and 216 are particularly important.
Biological Suppression and Natural Population Decline ofHeterodera schachtiiin a California Field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil suppressiveness to Heterodera schachtii was demonstrated in a field at the research station of the University of California, Riverside. In two field trials planted to Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris), introduced H. schachtii multiplied 2.7 and 1.7 times more in preplant metam sodium-fumigated plots than in nontreated plots in 1994 and 1995, respectively. In greenhouse experiments, preplant treatments with metam sodium, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, formaldehyde, and aerated steam reduced suppressiveness of soil against H. schachtii to undetectable levels. H. schachtii multiplied significantly less in nontreated soil than in treated soil on Swiss chard. At harvest, the number of infective second-stage juveniles in suppressive soil was close to the lowest detection level, whereas high numbers were encountered in soils initially treated. In a crop rotation trial with host crops of H. schachtii, introduced H. schachtii populations were monitored for five cropping periods over 30 months in initially fumigated versus nontreated suppressive field plots. In fumigated plots, H. schachtii population levels increased in the first and second cropping periods and then declined in the third cropping period. In the fourth and fifth cropping periods, the nematode reproduction factor in the initially fumigated plots was not significantly different from that in suppressive plots.
Methods of Screening-Purification and Antimicrobial Potentialities of Bacteriocin in Health Care

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The conclusion of this review presented the significance of a fundamental framework for planning to understanding the basic requirement needed for fast, cost effective screening and purification of bacteriocins. The summered area of their utilities also helpful to extend the research field of bacteriocin. Thus, this report would be useful not only to scale up the screening and production strategies faster at economical rate, but also provides a platform to extend the research field of bacteriocin in many ways.
Possible association of herpes simplex virus infection with demyelinating disease.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Administration of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sublethal doses to experimental animals may cause a relapsing demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) but will leave the peripheral myelin unimpaired. Demyelination will be followed by remyelination by oligodendroglial cells or by invading Schwann cells. Relapsing episodes of CNS demyelination seen in HSV latently infected animals may be caused either by reactivation of HSV residing in the CNS itself or virus transported to the CNS after reactivation of a latent infection in peripheral sensory or autonomic ganglia. Although HSV is not the only virus known to induce a demyelination in the CNS of experimental animals, the similarities of this HSV induced demyelination and multiple sclerosis (MS) are intriguing, albeit an association of HSV reactivation and MS has not as yet been reported. However, circumstantial evidence for HSV induction of restricted CNS demyelination in man has recently been obtained: Several laboratories have reported on association of HSV with acute idiopathic facial palsy (Bell's palsy). If HSV be the cause of this palsy, the site of a lesion giving the nerve dysfunction should be located in the brain stem of the CNS rather than in the extrapontine part of the facial nerve. Indeed, most of Bell's palsy patients studied had signs of a brain stem disorder revealed by either one or more of the following tests: auditory brain stem response test, trigeminal evoked potential test or extensive clinical neurological examination. Furthermore, 35% of patients with Bell's palsy had increased concentrations of myelin basic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid collected in the acute stage of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Essential E Learning Tools, Techniques and Open CourseWare for E Learners and Trainers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

E-learning includes several types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. E learning is a learner-friendly mode of learning, offering alternative, self-paced and personalised ways of studying. The present chapter explains the synchronous and asynchronous mode of e learning with its features. It also defines and summarises the impact of open source software on teaching and learning process. The numerous open source e learning tools are discussed with examples such as Open source LMS, Open source authoring tools, Open source audio editing software, Open source social bookmarking tools, Open source CMS etc. It also throws light on free e learning tools useful in e learning such as Slideshare, Youtube, Wikis, RSS, Wordpress etc. The search engines especially for academic purpose and for Open CourseWear are also discussed in the chapter. It identifies open courseware around the world spanning various subjects. The chapter concludes with e learning initiatives in India.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DENGANANGGARAN SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN BIAYA (STUDI KASUS PADA CV. CITRA NIAGA CEMERLANG BAUBAU)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper intent to Know Responsibility Accounting Implement With Budgetas Tool Of Cost Controller On CV Citra Niaga Cemerlang Baubau. ResponsibilityAccounting became populasion and tools of the analysis is Description Analysis.Responsibility accounting implement on corporate haven't is equal to. Itbacked up by was accomplished its responsibilities accounting implemented indicatorCV Citra Niaga Cemerlang Baubau have arranged organization chart with passably.It can be seen of marks sense ala delineation be clear authority and accountabilitydivision for every management and work relation level among corporate interiors. With marks sense organization chart to enable planning program success andspecified operation corporate. Key Word : Responsibility Accounting and Budget ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Penerapan Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban Dengan Anggaran Sebagai Alat Pengendali Biaya Pada CV Citra NiagaCemerlang Baubau. Populasi yang dijadikan sebagai target penelitian ini adalahpengendalian biaya, analisis data yang di guanakan adalah analisis deskriptif.Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan akuntansi pertanggung-jawaban pada perusahaan belum memadai. Hal ini didukung oleh belum terpenuhinyaindikator penerapan akuntansi pertanggungjawaban pada CV.Citra Niaga CemerlangBaubau telah menyusun struktur organisasi dengan cukup baik. Hal ini dapat dilihatdari adanya penggambaran secara jelas pembagian wewenang dan tanggung jawabuntuk tiap tingkatan manajemen dan hubungan kerja antar bagian-bagian dalamperusahaan. Dengan adanya struktur organisasi memungkinkan keberhasilan programperencanaan dan pengendalian yang ditetapkan perusahaan.Kata Kunci : Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban dan Anggaran
A scanning electron microscope study of the effect of etching time and mechanical pre-treatment on the pattern of acid etching on the enamel of primary teeth.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Eighty-five deciduous teeth, divided into five groups, were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The first two groups were etched for 60 and 120 sec respectively; the third and fourth groups were lightly milled and then etched for 60 and 120 sec respectively. In the first two groups, etching produced very few histological modifications. In the milled groups removal of the prismless enamel exposed the prisms to dissolution by the phosphoric acid. It was found that pretreatment and an etching time of 120 sec produced a constant and regularly distributed loss of inter- and intraprismatic substances.
EFFECT OF WHEAT AND OAT BRANS ON THE DOUGH RHEOLOGICAL AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTANT VERMICELLI

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Wheat bran (WB) and oat bran (OB), which are rich in dietary fiber content, were blended separately with wheat flour at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The incorporation of WB and OB increased the farinograph water absorption from 58.3 to 64.1 and 62.3%, respectively. The dough stability decreased from 10 to 5.5 and 7.0 min. The increase in maximum pressure value was greater upon the addition of WB. The peak viscosity value decreased from 818 to 673 Brabender units (BU) upon the addition of WB. The addition of either WB or OB in the preparation of instant vermicelli made the strands tough. The moisture content and oil uptake decreased from 6.5 to 5.1% and from 18.3 to 16.6%, respectively. The cooked weight decreased, while the cooking loss increased with increasing levels of either of the bran. Combination of WB (5%) and OB (10–15%) resulted in instant vermicelli of acceptable quality having total dietary fiber content of 6.12%. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS High‐fiber ingredients exhibit many properties that influence the physiological functions of foods. Consumption of high‐fiber products has shown several health benefits. There is a need to have products enriched with dietary fiber. Wheat bran and oat bran, which are good sources of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, respectively, have been used in the preparation of various bakery products. The utilization of such sources has also helped in reducing the oil uptake during processing. This study would surely help the industry in developing fiber‐rich instant vermicelli using the naturally available fiber‐rich sources.
Role of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in the treatment of complicated cholecystitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold in treating benign gallbladder diseases. Increasing laparoscopic experience and techniques have made laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) a feasible option in more complex procedures. In recent years, few studies with a few cases of LSC have reported good results in patients with various types of cholecystitis. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility, indications, characteristics and benefits of LSC in patients with complicated cholecystitis. METHODS: Altogether, 3485 patients were scheduled to receive LC during the past 4 years at our institute. Among them, 168 patients with various complicated forms of cholecystitis were treated by LSC. Meanwhile, the other 3317 patients who received standard LC were enrolled as the control group. Perioperative data from the two groups were collected and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the LSC group, 135 patients suffered from acute calculic cholecystitis, 18 from chronic calculic cholecystitis with cirrhotic portal hypertention, and 15 from chronic calculic atrophy cholecystitis with severe fibrosis. These patients constituted 4.8% of the total patients who underwent LC (168/3485) in the same period at our institute. In 122 patients, the cystic duct and artery were clipped before division. In another 46 patients, the gallbladder was initially incised at Hartmann's pouch. Five patients (3.0%) were converted to open subtotal cholecystectomy. The median operation time for LSC was 65.5±15.2 minutes, estimated operative blood loss was 71.5±15.5 ml, and the time to resume diet was 20.4±6.3 hours. Thirteen patients (7.7%) had local complications. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.2±2.6 days. In the LC group, 2887 had chronic calculic cholecystitis, 312had acute calculic cholecystitis, 47 had chronic calculic atrophy cholecystitis, and 71 had polypus. Seventeen patients (0.5%) were converted to open cholecystectomy. The median operation time was 32.6±10.2 minutes, the estimated operative blood loss was 24.5±8.5 ml, and the time to resume diet was 18.3±4.5 hours. Thirty- nine patients (1.2%) had local complications. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.8±1.4 days. There was no bile duct injury or mortality in either group. CONCLUSIONS: LSC for patients with complicated cholecystitis is difficult, with a longer operation time, more operative blood loss and higher conversion and complication rates than LC. However, it is feasible and relatively safe. LSC is advantageous over open surgery, but it remains a non-routine choice. It is important to know the technical characteristics of LSC, and pay attention to perioperative bleeding and bile leak.
G1 phase cell cycle arrest in NSCLC in response to LZ-106, an analog of enoxacin, is orchestrated through ROS overproduction in a P53-dependent manner

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

LZ-106, a newly synthetized analog of quinolone, has been shown to be highly effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in both cultured cells and xenograft mouse model with low toxicity, yet the molecular mechanisms still require exploration. Here, we substantiated the involvement of P53 activation in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon LZ-106 treatment and related P53 to the ROS-induced viability inhibition and apoptosis, which was exhibited in the previous research. P53 was shown to play an indispensable role in the elevated levels of intracellular ROS in LZ-106-treated NSCLC cells through ROS detection. We further identified the anti-proliferation effect of LZ-106 in NSCLC cells through G1 phase cell cycle arrest by cell cycle analysis, with the expression analysis of the key proteins, and discovered that the cell cycle arrest effect is also mediated by induction of ROS in a P53-dependent manner. In addition, the tumor suppression effect exhibited in vivo was demonstrated to be similar to that in vitro, which requires the participation of P53. Thus, LZ-106 is a potent antitumor drug possessing potent proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction ability through the P53-dependent ROS modulation both in vitro and in vivo.
The Effect of Hemodialysis on Levels of Cyclic Nucleotide-Associated Hormones in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to determine the molecular basis for the loss of catecholamine responsiveness in skeletal muscle in chronic azotemia, plasma and serum levels of catecholamines and other hormones whose mechanisms of action are associated in part with cyclic nucleotide mediation were assessed in 37 patients with chronic azotemia. Samples were obtained prior to and immediately following conventional hemodialysis. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in patients predialysis were increased 50% and 25% respectively compared to control subjects. Levels of insulin, prolactin, aldosterone and renin were also in creased in azotemic patients prior to dialysis. Conventional hemodialysis reduced serum levels of growth hormone, but had no effect of the elevated levels of all other hormones found in patients predialysis. In particular, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were unaffected by hemodialysis. Despite these findings, hemodialysis did reduce to normal levels the elevated plasma levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP observed in uremic subjects predialysis. These data are consistent with increased adrenergic outflow in patients with chronic azotemia, and suggest a mechanism of homologous desensitization of the catecholamine receptor adenylyl cyclase unit in chronic azotemia.
State and factors influencing on exercise in the disabled

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구는 장애인 운동건강증진 프로그램을 위한 기초자료로서 활용하기 위하여 장애인의 운동실태를 확인하고 운동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하는 서술적 연구로서 한국에 거주하는 장애인 369명을 대상으로 연구가 이루어졌다. 연구결과 지역사회에 거주하는 장애인의 84.5%가 운동을 규칙적으로 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 운동은 장애원인(p<.001), 장애유형(p<.001), 장애등급(p<.01), 교육정도(p<.01), 경제상태(p<.05), 재활체육 의도(p<.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 장애인의 운동에 영향을 미치는 요인은 재활체육 의도로 나타났으며, 재활체육에 대한 의도를 가지고 있는 대상자가 의도를 갖고 있지 않은 대상자에 비해 운동을 실천할 승산은 16.18배(95% CI = 7.45~37.14) 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 연구결과 장애인들이 꾸준히 규칙적으로 운동을 유지할 수 있도록 병원 퇴원 후 지역사회에서 지속적인 간호중재와 장애인 대상 운동 유지 증진을 위한 간호전략 및 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. This study was conducted to identify the actual condition of exercise and the fact of influence to exercise in the disabled. The subject was consisted of 369 disabled. 84.5 percent of subject did exercise regularly. There was statistically significant in cause of disability(p<.001), type of disability(p<.001), grade of disability(p<.01), education(p<.01), economic state(p<.05), aim of rehabilitation exercise (p<.001). Chance to practice exercise in subject who intend to exercise was 16.18 times high than them who have no intention(95% CI =7.45~37.14). Regular exercise intervention is needed to disabled people in community.
Authors’ reply. Virological analysis of fatal influenza cases in the United Kingdom during the early wave of influenza in winter 2010/11

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preview this article: Authors’ reply. Virological analysis of fatal influenza cases in the United Kingdom during the early wave of influenza in winter 2010/11, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/16/4/art19773-en-1.gif
Influence of activation energy on the hybrid nanofluid flow over a flat plate with quadratic thermal radiation: an irreversibility analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AbstractDissipative (Water – Iron (II, III) Oxide – MWCNT) hybrid nanofluid dynamics over a flat plate at varied Lorentz forces, volume fraction, and activation energy are unknown when quadratic thermal radiation is taken into account. Paper’s novelty is addressing this gap, which is to examine the impact of activation energy on the hybrid nanofluid flow by a flat plate with viscous dissipation and magnetic field. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations are constructed from flow-driven equations, and the MATLAB bvp4c solver is used to solve them. Entropy generation increases as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases, and the rate of mass transfer decreases as the activation energy parameter increases are the major findings of this study. It is noticed that, when magnetic field parameter (M) takes input in the range 0.1≤M≤0.7, skin friction coefficient decreases at a rate of 1.10078 per unit value of magnetic field parameter. It is detected that, when Eckert number (Eck) increases, Nusselt number decreases. The decrement rates are observed as 0.02457 when Eckert number takes input in the range 0.1≤Eck≤0.7. It is discovered that the mass transfer rate decreases at a rate of 0.08123 when activation energy parameter (Ea) takes input in the range 0≤Ea≤0.3.KEYWORDS: Flat plateentropy generationquadratic thermal radiationviscous dissipationbvp4cactivation energy Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementData sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
ÇEVRE MALİYETLERİ MUHASEBESİ VE RAPORLANMASI ACCOUNTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND REPORTING

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Businesses while evaluating the operating results in economic perpective at the same time they must evaluate the results in socail aspects because of the accounting concept of social responsibility. Today, environmental problems have emerged because of the efforts of businesses to increase the profits and irregular urbanization, industrialization and reasons such as rapid population growth. This deterioration experienced in environmental conditions, fear of the end of the world would be very soon and consumer demands for environmental protection forced the companies to be more sensitive to the environment.As a consequenceresponsive management approach to the environment has occurred.This management approach also led to the emergence of the concept of environmental accounting over time. Environmental Accounting make the businesses which are in the concept of social responsibility set minimum levels of pollution and the effects of their nature and let the calculation of costs associated, classification and presentin a report.
141 HPV vaccination coverage at two northeastern cities in pernambuco

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives

Describe the vaccination coverage among girls between 2014–2018 at two cities in Pernambuco state.

Methods

Data from DATASUS (informatic department of Sistema Único de Saúde) were analyzed. Although we had studied data from all cities in Pernambuco, only Recife and Abreu e Limavaccination coverage were reported here. Data from 2016 was unavailable at DATASUS.

Results

Vaccination coverage was high in 2014 at Recife (204%), when the program was started and performed at schools, what may justify more than 100% of coverage since many children from metropolitan area study at this city. At Abreu e Lima, there was also a high coverage (94,7%), above government goals. Overall, coverage of second dose was lower than the first dose. Thereafter, we watch an incisive breakdown of the HPV vaccination coverage at Recife. Currently, Brazilian government offers 2 doses of tetravalent HPV vaccine for 11–14 years old girls and although there was a recommendation of schoolers' vaccination, it was not systematically made. On the other hand, those cities where schoolers were systematically vaccinated, like Abreu e Lima, we observe high coverage, especially in 2018.

Conclusions

Even though cervical cancer is a preventable disease, it is still one of the most common cause of cancer in Brazil. HPV vaccination is one strategy adopted against this reality, but geographic and cultural barriers are identified. Currently, HPV vaccination coverage at Recife is negligible and reflects failure of the actual strategy. Multiple efforts, including schoolers vaccination, may increase rates of vaccination and change this landscape.