jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fall and Redemption

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Derek Walcott's play Dream on Monkey Mountain (1967) interrogates the complexities of postcolonialism in the Caribbean. The Caribbean subject is saddled with the burden of rootlessness, planted in a foreign land that he has to perforce call "home." He finds himself in a multiracial and multicultural society that is alien to him that fractures his self, and consequently he questions his own identity. He is beset with amnesia about the glories of his native roots that he can go back to only imaginarily. His predicament is the direct fallout of colonial oppression. Walcott writes about the Caribbean postcolonial predicament in which people struggle with the history of forced uprooting, slavery, internalisation of the sense of inferiority, and the angst of "Europeanisation." This chapter sees Walcott's play as a literary text that writes about the dispossession of the colonised people and how, by reclaiming the cultural treasures of the dispossessed, the black man reclaims his identity. Thus, this chapter sees the "dream" as a metaphor of the amelioration of the "terrors" of colonialism leading to the redemptive Caribbean self.
A personality-based adaptive system for visualizing classical music performances

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To enhance the experience of listening to classical orchestra music, either in the concert hall or at home, we present a personalized system that integrates three visualization/interaction concepts: Score Follower (points to the current position in the score), Orchestra Layout (illustrates instruments that are currently playing and their dynamics), and Structure Visualization (visualizes structural elements such as themes or motifs). Motivated by previous literature that found evidence for connections between personality and music consumption and preference, we first assessed in a user study to which extent personality traits and music visualization preferences correlate. Measuring preference via pragmatic quality and personality traits according to the Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire, we found substantial interconnections between them. These translate into rules relating certain personality traits (e.g., extraversion or agreeableness) to preference rankings of the visualizations. In the proposed personality-based system, users are grouped into four clusters according to their answers to the most significant personality questions determined in the study. The order of the visualizations for a given user is adapted with respect to the ranking preferred by other users in the same cluster. Evaluation of the system was carried out by a second user study that showed a significantly higher normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) for the personalized system in comparison to a system with randomized order of the visualizations.
The Flow Field Analysis of the Model XZ-IIAxial Flow Blood Pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective Blood damage is the important factor for ventricular assist device(VAD)to work that affects its application in clinic. Methods: The computer-aided design(CAD)is used to frame a VAD and the method of the flow field analysis is used to study its hemocompatibility. Results: 1 this VAD is able to meet human being demand in output as a left ventricular assist device. 2 The maximum shear rate occurs at the beginning of vane. The shear rates on whole impeller surface show higher level and shear rate value increase along with rotation speed. Shear rate value increase when flow rate increase also. 3 when pump rotates at a high-speed level relative to the radial direction the flow field keeps laminar flow state at inlet area, the circumferential velocity occurs near to the impeller, the flow field is not symmetrical and fluctuant flow happens in the area between vane and pump's housing. Within impeller onflow occurs near to the hub and big separated vortex happens between vanes. In the connecting area of guide-vanes and impeller vane refluence happens and backwater shows in the narrow area. When fluid enters the guide-vane the flow direction changing sharply leads to a separated flow that influences the stability of velocity and flow at outlet. 4 The pressure changes obviously at the area between impeller vane and guide-vane. Conclusions: In these places such as in the impeller, the connecting part of impeller vane and guide-vanes and within the guide-vanes the instability of flow comes into being vortex and backwater that engenders thrombus easily. The higher shear stress happens in these places such as the connecting surface of impeller vane and guide-vanes and in the impeller vane, that is easy to damage the red blood cells.
Data assimilation of a legacy 4D seismic in a brown field

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The quantitative use of four-dimensional (4D) seismic data in an assisted history matching process is still a major challenge in the industry. The problem becomes even more challenging when the quality of the seismic is deficient. Legacy 4D seismic data, i.e. 4D data from seismic acquisitions that were not originally parameterized for time-lapse processing, are typically regarded as not suitable for quantitative approaches. On the other hand, this kind of data are very common in the petroleum industry. Therefore, there is a practical interest in determining whether these data can bring useful quantitative information to improve reservoir characterization through assisted history matching. In this work, we investigate the use of low-quality 4D seismic data (legacy surveys with low repeatability) in an ensemble data assimilation process. We use data from a carbonate reservoir in Campos Basis with a long production history (38 years). The seismic data are the acoustic impedance from a joint 4D inversion. To overcome the overall low quality of the data, we propose to assimilate the seismic data only within the interpreted anomalies regions. We compare the data assimilation results considering only production data and different configurations combining production and seismic data. The results show that we were able to simultaneously assimilate production and seismic data. In our best case, we obtained a production data match with the same quality of a case using only production data, while significantly improving the seismic data match.
Ampelographic Characteristics and Isozymic Analysis ofVitis ViniferaSpp.SylvestrisGmel. in Southwestern Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wild grapevine was investigated in the southwestern part of Turkey where 114 accessions were collected from forestsandbanks of the rivers. These grapes are called "Jackal grapes" by villagers. Wild grapes a small, black and nearly round berries. They had two or more seeds. Berry weight did not exceed lg. Cluster mean weight was 33.5 g and clusters were smaller in size than those of cultivated grapes with about 40 berries per cluster. Wild grapes had a broad range of leaf shape and size. Leaf width was greater than leaf length and leaves had 3 or 5 lobes. Length of petiole was smaller than midvein. All accessions were subjected to isozymic analysis. Acid phosphatase (ACP), Catechol oxidase(CO), Glutamate oxalacetate transaminase(GOT), Malate dehydrogenase(MDH), and peroxidase(PER) enzymes were extracted from mature leaves. Electrophoresis was performed in vertical Polyacrylamide slab gels (PAGE). Isoenzyme polymorphism was observed for all enzyme systems studied except GOT. This enzyme has only two isozyme bands and all accessions had the same banding pattern. PER had two zones of activity with two or three band pattern variants in each zone. Two zones were observed in Catechol oxidase (CO). The first (slower) zone had slurred bands and it was not useful for the identification of accessions. The second zone had four well resolved bands. Acid phosphatase (ACP) had two zones but there were no isozyme polymorphism in the fastest zone. The number of bands in the slower zone ranged from 1 to 3. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) had 1–3 thin, fast migrating bands, followed by two well resolved, but slower migrating thick bands.
Clinical applications and value of receptor levels in treatment of prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Factors affecting the validity and interpretation of androgen receptor (AR) assays on prostatic carcinoma tissue are discussed, and attempts to relate AR concentration with response of the patient to hormonal manipulation are reviewed. It is concluded that nuclear AR content may be useful in evaluating prognosis and likely response to hormonal therapy, and that, owing to the heterogeneity of many prostatic carcinoma specimens, a reliable histochemical method for the assessment of androgen sensitivity would be a valuable supplement to the biochemical assay.
Simulating lepton number violation induced by heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations at colliders

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study pseudo-Dirac pairs of two almost mass-degenerate sterile Majorana neutrinos which generate light neutrino masses via a low-scale seesaw mechanism. These pseudo-Dirac heavy neutral leptons can oscillate between interaction eigenstates that couple to leptons and antileptons and thus generate oscillations between lepton number conserving and lepton number violating processes. With the phenomenological symmetry protected seesaw scenario (pSPSS), we introduce a minimal framework capable of describing the dominant features of low-scale seesaws at colliders and present a FeynRules implementation usable in Monte Carlo generators. Additionally, we extend MadGraph to simulate heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations and present results from such simulations.
IDDF2024-ABS-0300 Probiotics improve insomnia by regulating gut microbiota composition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Insomnia affects around 10-30% of the global population and is frequently associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Insomnia can seriously affect daily functioning by causing inattention and drowsiness. It can also result in major long-term health conditions including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. However, effective interventions or therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Insomnia has been linked to the gut microbiome. Probiotics have been shown to relieve anxiety and stress by maintaining intestinal homeostasis. This systematic review aims to investigate the potential effects of probiotics in improving insomnia by altering the gut microbiota composition.

Methods

The systematic literature search was performed based on PRISMA guidelines along with relevant MeSH terms, ('probiotics') AND ('chronic insomnia' or 'sleep disorder') in three databases (PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus) until April 30, 2024. The titles and abstracts of all retrieved studies were evaluated using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies on gut microbiome and insomnia in clinical trials were considered for inclusion. We excluded preclinical studies with animal models reporting the effects of probiotics on insomnia. Exclusion criteria are unrelated, duplicated, unavailable full texts, case reports, and systematic review studies.

Results

Four studies were eligible for final quantitative analysis, with 300 anxious participants. Research findings have shown that anxious/stressed participants have a significantly lower abundance of Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium), Bacteroides (Prevotella), and a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes (Roseburia, Streptococcus, Veillonella), and Enterobacteriaceae. Consumption of probiotics significantly improved sleep quality, as evidenced by lower scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) from insomniacs compared to controls. Furthermore, probiotics restored the anxiety/stress-induced alterations in gut microbiota composition by mitigating the reduction of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella while preventing the increased abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusions

This outcome highlights the potential of probiotics as an effective intervention to improve the mental health, sleep quality, and gut microbiota of people under anxious conditions by reverting the trend of change in the gut microbiome to normal conditions (IDDF2024-ABS-0300 Figure 1).
Does Intention Really Lead to Actual Use of Technology? A Study of an E-learning System among University Students in Malaysia / Vodi li namjera korištenja tehnologijom njezinoj stvarnoj upotrebi? Istraživanje sustava e-učenja među studentima u Maleziji

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

AbstractThis paper intends to investigate the long debated notion of whether intention really leads to actual behavior in the e-learning environment. A model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was tested using data gathered through a structured questionnaire with participation of undergraduate students from a number of universities in Malaysia. Using the variance based structural equation modeling analysis of Partial Least Square (PLS) the model obtained a GoF value of 0.602 which exceeded the 0.36 cut-off value for large effect sizes of R2, thus providing adequate support to validate the PLS model globally. All the hypotheses developed were corroborated with strong support for the Intention related to the Actual use, thus confirming the validity of the TAM in e-learning and within a context of a developing country. Implications for developers and administrators are further elaborated.Key words: e-learning; intention and use; perceived ease of use; perceived usefulness; university students.---SažetakOvaj rad ima za cilj istražiti problem o kojemu se već dugo raspravlja – vodi li namjera korištenja tehnologijom takvom stvarnom ponašanju u okruženju za e-učenje. Testiran je model koji je utemeljen na modelu prihvaćanja tehnologije korištenjem podacima prikupljenim putem strukturiranog upitnika. Upitnike su ispunjavali studenti dodiplomskih studija s različitih sveučilišta u Maleziji. Korištenjem metode parcijalnih najmanjih kvadrata utemeljene na modelu varijance strukturne jednadžbe taj je model postigao vrijednost prikladnosti od 0,602, što nadilazi graničnu vrijednost od 0,36 za značajnu veličinu učinka R2. Stoga je dao dovoljno argumenata da bi se globalno potvrdila valjanost metode parcijalnih najmanjih kvadrata. Sve navedene hipoteze čvrsto su potvrđene što se tiče namjere koja vodi stvarnoj upotrebi tehnologije, a tako je potvrđena i valjanost modela prihvaćanja tehnologije u e-učenju i u kontekstu zemlje u razvoju. Dalje se navode implikacije za stručnjake koji se bave razvojem softvera i za rukovodeće strukture sveučilišta.Ključne riječi: e-učenje; namjera i korištenje; percipirana korisnost; percipirana lakoća korištenja; studenti.
Statistical and Geometric Methods for Passive-blind Image Forensics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Passive-blind image forensics (PBIF) refers to passive ways for evaluating image authenticity and detecting fake images. This dissertation proposes a physics-based approach for PBIF, with our definition of image authenticity derived from the im-age generative process comprising the 3D scene and the image acquisition device. We propose one statistical method and two geometric methods for capturing the image authenticity properties and addressing three separate problems in PBIF, i.e., detecting spliced images, distinguishing photographic images from photorealistic computer graphics, and estimating camera response function (CRF) from a single image. For image splicing detection, we show a statistical method for capturing the optical low-pass property of cameras. Through analysis on a proposed model of image splicing, we can explain the bicoherence response to image splicing better than the conventional quadratic phase coupling theory. Furthermore, we propose incorporating image-content-related features to improve the performance of image splicing detection. For distinguishing photographic images from photorealistic com-puter graphics, we propose a geometric method for capturing the properties of the
Intra- and Intersensory Matching by Nursery School Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Nursery school children (27 boys, 27 girls) were tested on two intrasensory and one intersensory equivalence tasks. Matching ability was examined in the context of successive and simultaneous methods of presenting stimuli. It was concluded that success in discrimination was not dependent on method of presentation but was related to modality. Visual-visual comparisons were significantly easier for preschoolers than either visual-tactual or tactual-tactual comparisons. No age or sex differences were obtained.
[Evaluation of drug sensitivities to gastric cancers by SDI test--study of quality control of SDI test by simulation test].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For the purpose to evaluate the feasibility of SDI test, a drug sensitivity test, against resected gastric cancer, a multiinstitutional study consisted of multiple institute, the 16th specified study was planned by Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer. SDI test was performed individually in 15 institutes in Japan using surgically resected specimens from the patients with gastric cancer. The strict quality control was necessary to unify the method and the technique of this test in 15 institutes. Tumor bearing nude mice were delivered to each institute and the test was performed simultaneously. The data of test were sent by personal computer to Department of Surgery II Nagoya University. These data were estimated by two factors. One is the deviation of data in one institute and the other is the deviation of data among 15 institutes. This simulation test was continued through this study, 4 institutes could not pass this simulation test but the data from other three institute indicated excellent uniformity.
Anatomy of Intraplate Monogenetic Alkaline Basaltic Magmatism

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Intraplate basaltic systems, often occurring as fields of small monogenetic volcanoes, are dominated by eruption of alkaline basaltic rocks, ranging from nephelinite/basanite to transitional/subalkaline. Their generally primitive erupted compositions imply limited crustal modification, and hence they provide an important probe into deep, lithospheric mantle and partial melting processes. Partial melting and magmatic ascent processes can be investigated using the composition of crystals, glass and wholerock, although a combination of these is preferable. The whole-rock chemical variability within single eruptions or over the temporal and spatial extent of a volcanic field is controlled by the characteristics \nof the primary melting source, as well as near source percolative/reaction processes. Coupled crystaland-whole-rock detailed investigations are most promising to constrain the processes that modify primary melts into the primitive magmas that accumulate before ascent. Complex crystal textures and chemistry have so far demonstrated that basaltic magmas are principally processed and modified within the lithospheric mantle with minor modification en-route through the crust. Fractional crystallization and magma mixing modify melts throughout ascent, and can imprint secondary chemical intra-eruptive variability. Quantifiable temperature and pressure parameters based on crystalmelt compositions constrain the depth of formation, and hence provide information about the role of different mineral phases in deep versus shallow chemical evolution. Volatile components in the melt (e.g. H2O and CO2) can be quantified on glass and melt inclusions. These analyses, coupled with solubility models, may help to reconstruct initial dissolved volatile content to further constrain the source characteristics and magmatic ascent dynamics. Integrated studies of crystals and melt paint a picture of extended lithospheric mantle to minor crustal processing resulting from the complex deep \nplumbing of monogenetic basaltic systems. This highlights the need for improved resolution to characterize true primary signatures and hence elucidate the formation of intraplate alkaline basalts.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a bivalent inactivated whole-cell vaccine against Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bacterial co-infections constrain tilapia aquaculture. We evaluated the efficacy of an adjuvant-free, formalin-inactivated bivalent whole-cell vaccine combining Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum in Nile tilapia. Fish received the bivalent formulation, matched monovalent vaccines, or phosphate-buffered saline. Systemic and skin-mucus immunoglobulin M levels were quantified by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum and mucus bactericidal activity were assessed at 1, 7, 14, and 21-days post-vaccination. At 21 days post-vaccination, fish were challenged intraperitoneally with E. tarda or V. anguillarum, or both. By 14–21 days post-vaccination, the bivalent vaccine induced strong systemic and mucosal immunoglobulin M responses and increased bactericidal activity; across readouts, responses were significantly greater than (p < 0.05) or equal to (p > 0.05) the corresponding monovalent vaccine. After challenge with E. tarda, 21-day post-challenge survival was higher in the bivalent (54.17%, Relative Percent Survival = 38.9%) than in the monovalent (29.17%) or control (25.00%) group (both p < 0.05). After V. anguillarum challenge, survival was similar in the bivalent (87.50%, Relative Percent Survival = 78.6%) and monovalent (75.00%) groups (p > 0.05), both of which showed greater survival than the control (41.67%) (p < 0.05). After mixed E. tarda + V. anguillarum challenge, survival was significantly higher (50.00%, Relative Percent Survival = 47.8%) in the bivalent group than in the control group (4.17%) (p < 0.05). No acute adverse reactions or behavioral abnormalities were observed. These findings indicate that an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine elicits robust mid- to late-phase humoral responses and provides broad protection without evidence of antigenic interference, supporting a practical polyvalent strategy where E. tarda and V. anguillarum co-circulate.
Drugs prevention: watershed or threshold?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article questions the structure and purpose of some trends in UK drug education, critically examining concepts of 'informed choice' and 'harm- reduction' when used as the overall principles that determine the shape of prevention programmes. The author seeks to recommend a broader understanding of drug-related harm, particularly in relation to deprivation, and to define the potential role of drug prevention within broader social policy in relation to drugs. The consequences of this role for the conduct of health promotion in relation to drugs are considered, examinging the implications for the moral and attitudinal framework that underscores practice and how this affects practitioners.