jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic transformation of moss Ceratodon purpureus by means of polycationic carriers of DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Масштаби використання генної інженерії з метою покращення біологічних властивостей різноманітних організмів постійно зростають. Для доставки генетичного матеріалу в клітини-мішені застосовують як вірусні, так і невірусні носії. Серед останніх найбільш перспективними вважають полімерні матеріали природного і синтетичного походження. Такі полімери проявили високу ефективність у доставці ДНК в клітини тварин, проте рослинні клітини виявилися малочутливими до їхньої дії. Нами описано метод генетичної трансформації протопластів моху Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., що базується на використанні нових поверхнево-активних полімерних носіїв контрольованої довжини та заряду, які містять ланцюги диметиламіноетилметакрилату. Цей метод дозволяє одержати більше транзієнтних і стабільних трансформантів моху із розрахунку на мікрограм ДНК порівняно з відомим протоколом із використанням поліетиленгліколю. Він є більш простим і зручним у використанні, а також дешевшим, ніж метод «генної гармати». Розглядаються перспективи подальшого вдосконалення структури і функціональних характеристик нових носіїв для доставки генетичного матеріалу в клітини рослин.
Finite element simulations of hyperpolarized gas DWI in micro‐CT meshes of acinar airways: validating the cylinder and stretched exponential models of lung microstructural length scales

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose This work assesses the accuracy of the stretched exponential (SEM) and cylinder models of lung microstructural length scales that can be derived from hyperpolarized gas DWI. This was achieved by simulating 3 He and 129 Xe DWI signals within two micro‐CT–derived realistic acinar airspace meshes that represent healthy and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs. Methods The healthy and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acinar airway meshes were derived from segmentations of 3D micro‐CT images of excised human lungs and meshed for finite element simulations of the Bloch‐Torrey equations. 3 He and 129 Xe multiple b value DWI experiments across a range of diffusion times ( 3 He Δ = 1.6 ms; 129 Xe Δ = 5 to 20 ms) were simulated in each mesh. Global SEM mean diffusive length scale and cylinder model mean chord length value was derived from each finite element simulation and compared against each mesh’s mean linear intercept length, calculated from intercept length measurements within micro‐CT segmentation masks. Results The SEM‐derived mean diffusive length scale was within ±10% of the mean linear intercept length for simulations with both 3 He (Δ = 1.6 ms) and 129 Xe (Δ = 7 to 13 ms) in the healthy mesh, and with 129 Xe (Δ = 13 to 20 ms) for the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mesh, whereas for the cylinder model–derived mean chord length the closest agreement with mean linear intercept length (11.7% and 22.6% difference) was at 129 Xe Δ = 20 ms for both healthy and IPF meshes, respectively. Conclusion This work validates the use of the SEM for accurate estimation of acinar dimensions and indicates that the SEM is relatively robust across a range of experimental conditions and acinar length scales.
The Development of Practices for the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main source of information on the financial and economic position of a group of companies is the consolidated financial statement. Thus, the consolidated financial statements aim to fulfill the information requirements of both external and internal parties of the group. The article examines the consolidated financial statements in two aspects. The first one is the emergence of the need for consolidated financial statements and their step-by-step regulation and standardization. The second aspect is the practical application of the current regulatory framework in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements at the end of the reporting period. The article summarizes and illustrates the main consolidation procedures in the preparation of consolidated financial statements (consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and consolidated statement of changes in equity) at the end of the reporting period.
Halotolerant Yeast Participates in the Cavity Formation of Hand-pulled Dry Noodles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

小麦粉に8% (w/v）食塩水を添加し24時間熟成した後に手で伸ばし製麺したところ，稲庭うどん等に見られている空隙が形成された．熟成温度を10℃から23℃，30℃と高くすると空隙が大きくなった．稲庭うどんの生地から酵母（M1株とM2）を単離した．いずれの株も，グルコースをはじめ5種類の単糖，二糖類を発酵しガスを発生し，可溶性デンプンを資化し，10% (w/v）の食塩水溶液にも耐性を示した．rDNAのITS領域の塩基配列および糖の資化性から，これらの菌株をHyphopichia burtoniiと同定した．M1株，M2株を小麦粉に添加しドウを作製し30℃に保存すると，10時間以降にドウ体積の増加した．対照およびHyphopichia burtonii NBRC10837では，36時間にわたりこのようなドウの膨れは認められなかった．稲庭うどん等の手延べ乾麺の空隙形成に耐塩性酵母が関与していると考えられた．
The use of anti‐Müllerian hormone for controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology, fertility assessment and ‐counseling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ovarian reserve can be determined by serum anti‐Müllerian hormone ( AMH ) level and/or antral follicle count before controlled ovarian stimulation. The aim of controlled ovarian stimulation is to achieve an appropriate number of mature follicles and avoid complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Measurement of the ovarian reserve is useful for clinicians as it predicts the ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation. Further, it assists in giving the patient realistic expectations regarding the treatment. By determining the ovarian reserve, the most appropriate stimulation protocol and gonadotropin dose can be chosen specifically for each woman enabling so‐called “individualized treatment” in line with the personalized treatment concept. Many benefits come with using AMH as a biomarker for ovarian reserve; the hormone is considered fairly cycle independent apart from a small decrease in the late follicular phase and there is no inter‐observer variance. However, the use of AMH also has limitations; since the implementation of AMH in fertility treatment several AMH assays have been developed. This has made direct comparisons of AMH serum levels complicated. Currently, no international standardized assays exist. AMH is a valid predictor of the ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation and to some extent the chance of pregnancy in relation to assisted reproductive technology, but AMH is less optimal in prediction of spontaneous pregnancy and live birth after assisted reproductive technology. Accordingly, AMH can be used to optimize gonadotropin stimulation in fertility treatment, but is not recommended as a screening tool in the general population.
Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid obtained after administration of three oral formulations to humans.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valproic acid (VPA) were compared in six healthy volunteers after oral administration of the drug as follows: 1 g in standard tablet form, 1 g in enteric-coated tablet form, and 0.8 g in gelatin-capsule form. Following the administration of standard tablets, VPA concentrations reached a peak mean +/- SD of 105.4 +/- 9.0 micrograms/ml at 1 h and declined monoexponentially, with a terminal half-life of 14.9 +/- 2.4 h. Following the administration of the capsule, the serum concentration reached a peak of 82.1 +/- 14.8 micrograms/ml at 4 h. Following the administration of an enteric-coated tablet, there was an average time lag of 2 h with a delayed peak serum concentration of 93.5 +/- 13.1 micrograms/ml at 6 h. An identical terminal half-life of VPA was obtained for the three oral formulations. The bioavailability of the three VPA formulations was not significantly different, and it may be concluded that these formulations are bioequivalent.
Assessment of asthma control and lung function in asthmatic children in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study aimed at assessing asthma control using Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) asthma assessment, and determining its relationship with lung function parameters among asthmatic children in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching hospital, Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 60 children with asthma diagnosed based on GINA guidelines. It was conducted over a period of 4 months. The GINA asthma control assessment was administered to assess asthma control. Lung function was done using a portable spirometer. Results: Males accounted for 58.3% of the study population with M: F of 1.4:1 and median age of 9.47 years, with majority from urban domicile (91.7%). Well-controlled asthma accounted for 50.0% while 35.0% had partly controlled asthma and 15.0% had poorly controlled asthma. The median FEV1/FVC among the study participants was 0.856 (IQR: 0.170). There was no relationship between asthma control and LF parameters (FEV1: r = 0.044, P = 0.736, FVC: r = 0.010, P = 0.941, FEV1/FVC: r = 0.122, P = 0.352, and PEFR: r = 0.015, P = 0.911). Conclusion: Majority of the study participants had well-controlled asthma and no relationship was found between asthma control and lung function. Thus, serial monitoring of LF in addition to uniformly agreed standardized assessment of asthma control is required to objectively evaluate asthma control in children.
Real-time methods in neural electrophysiology to improve efficacy of dynamic clamp

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the central nervous system, most of the processes ranging from ion channels to neuronal networks occur in a closed loop, where the input to the system depends on its output. In contrast, most experimental preparations and protocols operate autonomously in an open loop and do not depend on the output of the system. Real-time software technology can be an essential tool for understanding the dynamics of many biological processes by providing the ability to precisely control the spatiotemporal aspects of a stimulus and to build activity-dependent stimulus-response closed loops. So far, application of this technology in biological experiments has been limited primarily to the dynamic clamp, an increasingly popular electrophysiology technique for introducing artificial conductances into living cells. Since the dynamic clamp combines mathematical modeling with electrophysiology experiments, it inherits the limitations of both, as well as issues concerning accuracy and stability that are determined by the chosen software and hardware. In addition, most dynamic clamp systems to date are designed for specific experimental paradigms and are not easily extensible to general real-time protocols and analyses. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a suite of real-time tools to evaluate the performance, improve the efficacy, and extend the capabilities of the dynamic clamp technique and real-time neural electrophysiology. We demonstrate a combined dynamic clamp and modeling approach for studying synaptic integration, a software platform for implementing flexible real-time closed-loop protocols, and the potential and limitations of Kalman filter-based techniques for online state and parameter estimation of neuron models.
Trajectories of cannabis use disorder: risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Aims To estimate cannabis use disorder (CUD) trajectory classes from ages 14 to 30 years and compare classes on clinical characteristics, risk factors and psychosocial outcomes. Design Four waves (T1–T4) of data from an epidemiological study of psychopathology among a regionally representative sample. Trajectory classes described risk for CUD as a function of age. The number of classes was determined by model fit. Setting Participants were selected randomly from nine high schools in western Oregon, USA. Participants The sample included 816 participants [age at T1 mean = 16.6, standard deviation (SD) = 1.2; 44% male; 8% non‐white]. Measurements Participants completed diagnostic interviews, Child Trauma Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Scale and items adapted from the Wisconsin Manual for Assessing Psychotic‐Like Experiences. Findings There were three CUD trajectory classes (Lo–Mendell–Rubin likelihood ratio test < 0.001): (1) persistent increasing risk; (2) maturing out, with increasing risk then decreasing risk; and (3) stable low risk. The persistent increasing class had later initial CUD onsets ( η 2 = 0.16, P < 0.001) and greater cumulative CUD durations ( η 2 = 0.26, P < 0.001). Male sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.57, P = 0.018], externalizing disorders between ages 24 and 30 years (OR = 2.64, P < 0.001) and psychotic experiences during early adulthood (Cohen's d = 0.44, P = 0.016) discriminated between the persistent increasing and the maturing‐out classes. Conclusions Evidence suggests three distinguishable types of trajectory for development of cannabis use disorder starting in early teens: (1) persistent increasing risk; (2) maturing out, with increasing risk then decreasing risk; and (3) stable low risk.
Engineering Electronic\nSpin State of a CoNi Alloy\nfor an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Developing cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen\nreduction\nreaction (ORR) is of great importance to improve the performance of\nmetal–air batteries. Herein, a CoNi alloy encapsulated in an\nN-doped carbon framework (CoNi@NC) with a high saturation magnetization\n(89.1 emu g<sup>–1</sup>) is prepared by nanoalloying, and\nan external magnetic field is employed to directly enhance the ORR\nperformance of CoNi@NC. The electronic structure of CoNi@NC is greatly\noptimized by electron cloud redistribution and spin-state adjustment,\nleading to Pt/C-comparable ORR performance in an alkaline electrolyte\n(the onset potential of 0.98 V and half-wave potential of 0.86 V in\n0.1 M KOH). Furthermore, the CoNi@NC-based Al–air battery with\nmagnet delivers a larger power density of 161.27 mW cm<sup>–2</sup> and exhibits better durability compared with those with Pt/C. This\nwork provides a promising approach to using magnetic induction to\nenhance oxygen reduction activity for metal–air batteries.
RAGE signaling influences tobacco smoke‐induced inflammation by pulmonary macrophages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Receptors for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) are multi‐ligand cell surface receptors expressed by lung cells and expression increases following exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). The current study sought to characterize the pro‐inflammatory effects of RAGE in pulmonary macrophages (PMs) following CS exposure. Acute exposure to CS via nasal instillation revealed diminished bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and fewer macrophages in RAGE null mice compared to controls. Primary PMs were obtained from BAL, exposed to CS in vitro, and analyzed. CS significantly increased RAGE expression in wild type PMs. By ELISA, wild type PMs increased active Ras, a small GTPase that perpetuates pro‐inflammatory signaling, following CS exposure. Conversely, RAGE null PMs had less Ras activation compared to wild type PMs after exposure to CS. Assessment of signaling intermediates including p38 and NF‐kB revealed CS‐induced inflammation may occur in part via RAGE signaling. Lastly, qRT‐PCR and ELISA revealed that secretion of cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β were decreased in RAGE null PMs exposed to CS compared to CS‐exposed wild type PMs. These results show for the first time that primary PMs orchestrate CS‐induced inflammation, at least in part, via RAGE‐mediated mechanisms. This work was supported by the Flight Attendant's Medical Research Institute (FAMRI, PRR) and a BYU Mentoring Environment Grant (PRR).
Research on Risk Management of International Convention and Exhibition Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The rapid development of the economy and the further opening up to the outside world, as well as the country in the industrial structure adjustment continued to force, the exhibition industry ushered in the development of the spring.Every industry in the process of rapid development will encounter problems, and faced with no experience can learn from the plight.Opportunities and risks are always co-exist, in the management process if the risk can be effectively grasp, then the development of enterprises will be flourishing, on the contrary will go to a dead end.In this paper, the risk management of international exhibition industry for a brief description of the current situation.Exhibition as a special major economic and trade activities, people, logistics, information flow is highly concentrated, is a risk-sensitive industries.Exhibition risk refers to the impact of exhibitors, professional visitors, related media and other stakeholders on the exhibition of confidence or disturb the exhibition organizers continue to normal operation of the unexpected events, exhibition work in the security risks long way to go.
Avena sterilis L. AGG 703949 STER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Avena sterilis L.
Common name(s): Sterile oats
Other names: CAV 4073
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 703949 STER
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1999-03-16
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Trust and knowledge transfer: an explanatory framework for identifying relationships within communities of practice

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we consider relationships between the concepts of trust and knowledge. With more emphasis on lateral relationships within organisations, growth in virtual networks and alliances between companies, and a shift toward knowledge-based economies, there is an increasing need for trust in working relationships. Within such emerging new alliances and partnerships there is also an implied notion that sharing of knowledge and mutual trust are embedded in these relationships. However, there is to date little or no empirical evidence to support this. In attempting to achieve and maintain competitive advantage across virtual and distributed networks, knowledge transfer and trust are vital elements. Using the context of communities of practice, this paper explores ways in which a more substantial and definitive link between knowledge and trust can be developed. A theoretical framework is proposed that provides a contribution to the broader agenda of trust-building in organisational exchanges, and offers a potentially useful model for investigating the link between knowledge and trust in a range of research settings.
A review on the effects of processing methods on the nutritional composition and antinutritional components of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) / Fatin Nadiah Saypol Anwar and Marina Zulkifli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quinoa originally from Andean region and buckwheat from China are two pseudocereals gradually making their way into the daily diet of humans due to its numerous health benefits. Both are packed with nutrients such as essential amino acids, proteins, fibre, vitamins and minerals. However, there is a limitation towards its use due to antinutrient components. Examples of antinutrients include phytate, saponin and tannin that affect the ability to absorb the nutrients. Thus, processing methods were executed in order to observe whether it gives positive or negative impacts towards the nutrients and antinutrients content. Processing methods reviewed include heat treatments (cooking, steaming, boiling, roasting, drying), germination and pressure. In this review, results showed that the roasting and germination process increases the content of nutrients while the process of pressure and microwave produces a lower loss of nutrients. For antinutrients, washing and boiling were the best processing technique to lower the antinutrient contents. It appears that the combination of heat and water would be the most effective way to increase the content of nutrients and lower the antinutrients in both seeds. Deeper research regarding these two pseudocereals is highly recommended, particularly in processing methods because it is proven to positively impact both nutrients and antinutrient components. For that reason, the application of quinoa and buckwheat seeds in the food industry can be expected to be industrialized over time, as they are believed to contain all the essential nutrients which can benefit one’s health.
Herpetic and HLA-B27 associated anterior uveitis: ocular complications, prognosis and vision-related quality of life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and gain more insight in the complications, ocular characteristics, visual acuity and quality of life of patients with herpetic or HLA-B27 associated anterior uveitis (AU). These are, except for idiopathic patients, the most common infectious and non-infectious forms of AU. AU is an inflammation of the uvea tissue in the eye, the anterior chamber of the eye is the primary site of inflammation. The research in this thesis showed that patients with herpetic AU had a worse visual prognosis compared to HLA-B27 associated AU. In addition, herpetic AU patients have more ocular complications, mainly elevated intraocular pressure and secondary glaucoma. Furthermore, it turned out that patients with unilateral or bilateral HLA-B27 AU had a good prognosis. It seems that bilateral involvement of the eyes does give a higher chance of having an associated systemic disease. In recent years, patients and patient associations have a growing interest in quality of life, because this gives information on the impact of a disease on a patient’s daily life. Our research showed that herpetic and HLA-B27 associated AU patients have a reasonably good vision related quality of life. However, the presence of a systemic disease causes a lower quality of life. The above results are of importance by contributing to the development of a more personalized care of uveitis patients, prevention of ocular complications, aiming for a better visual acuity in the long run and having a better quality of life.