jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Relationship among Single Parents' Parental Stress, Empathy, Level of Acceptance, Perceived Problems of the Child, and Child Gender and the Effect of Filial Therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This investigation was designed to determine the relationships among single parents' parental stress, empathy, level of acceptance, perception of child problems, and child gender, and the effect of filial therapy training on these relationships. Filial therapy is a parent training approach utilized by play therapists to train parents to be therapeutic agents of change with their own children using child-centered play therapy skills. Parents are taught and given support in a group format. Data from a previous filial therapy study with single parents was utilized in this investigation. Correlational research methods were employed to examine the relationships among the variables measured. Correlation coefficients were obtained between each of the following five variables: parental stress, level of acceptance, empathy, perceived problems of the child, and child gender. Additionally, multiple and logistic regression was utilized in search of a possible predictive model. Significant correlations were found between parental stress and acceptance, parental stress and perception of child problems, parental empathy and acceptance, parental empathy and perception of child problems, and between parental acceptance and perception of child problems. No significant correlations were found between child gender and any of the variables. Significant correlation changes were found in several of the measured variables (from pre- to post-) due to the filial therapy intervention. Regression analysis indicated that parental acceptance was predictive of parental empathy, parental empathy was predictive of parental acceptance, and parental stress was predictive of parental perception of problems. No significant findings of prediction were obtained with child gender. This study supports filial therapy as an effective intervention with single parents, as well as the appropriateness of the assessment instruments commonly used in filial therapy research. The results of this research provide insight into those areas of the parent-child relationship impacted by filial therapy, as well as the relationships between the variables measured.
Ultra-High-Sensitivity Humidity Fiber Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect in Cascaded FPI

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, an ultra-high-sensitivity fiber humidity sensor with a chitosan film cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) based on the harmonic Vernier effect (HVE) is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed sensor can break the limitation of the strict optical path length matching condition in a traditional Vernier effect (TVE) FPI to achieve ultra-high sensitivity through the adjustment of the harmonic order of the HVE FPI. The intersection of the internal envelope tracking method allows spectra demodulation to no longer be limited by the size of the FSR of the FPI. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor is −83.77 nm/%RH, with a magnification of −53.98 times. This work acts as an excellent guide in the fiber sensing field for the further achievement of ultra-high sensitivity.
Measurement equivalence of the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale for Chinese and Korean immigrants: Comparison between younger and older adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The Kessler 6 (K6) Psychological Distress Scale is a well‐known instrument to screen for psychological distress of general populations. It is critical to perform the equivalence test of the K6 for Asian immigrant subgroups. Methods The 2012 California Health Interview Survey data were used ( N = 1,210; Chinese = 640, Koreans = 570). Among 1,210, 734 were younger (18–64 years) and 476 were older (65+) adults. It was examined whether parameters in the measurement model is equivalent across the two groups, using multiple‐group analysis. The equivalence tests for Chinese and Koreans were separately performed based on different age groups (younger [18–64] vs. older [65+]). Results The younger group had good model fit ( X 2 = 41.27 [ df = 16, p = .001], X 2 / df = 2.58, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.99, Goodness of Fit Index [GFI] = 0.98, root mean square error or approximation [RMSEA] = 0.05, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = 0.03), and the older group also showed good model fit ( X 2 = 41.70 [ df = 16, p < .001], X 2 /df = 2.61, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04). The model for older group indicated measurement noninvariance between Chinese and Korean immigrants (Δ X 2 = 17.86, Δ df = 5, p = .003, CFI = 0.972, ΔCFI = 0.009). The items “hopeless,” “restless,” and “depress,” were significantly nonequivalent between the two groups. Conclusions Clinicians/researchers should be aware of the potential risk for misclassification when they screen psychological distress of Chinese or Korean older immigrants. Professionals should pay attention to cross‐cultural comparability when interpreting results from the K6.
Identifying cortical structure markers of resilience to adversity in young people using surface-based morphometry

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Previous research on the neurobiological bases of resilience in youth has largely used categorical definitions of resilience and voxel-based morphometry methods that assess gray matter volume. However, it is important to consider brain structure more broadly as different cortical properties have distinct developmental trajectories. To address these limitations, we used surface-based morphometry and data-driven, continuous resilience scores to examine associations between resilience and cortical structure. Structural MRI data from 286 youths (Mage = 13.6 years, 51% female) who took part in the European multi-site FemNAT-CD study were pre-processed and analyzed using surface-based morphometry. Continuous resilience scores were derived for each participant based on adversity exposure and levels of psychopathology using the residual regression method. Vertex-wise analyses assessed for correlations between resilience scores and cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification and volume. Resilience scores were positively associated with right lateral occipital surface area and right superior frontal gyrification and negatively correlated with left inferior temporal surface area. Moreover, sex-by-resilience interactions were observed for gyrification in frontal and temporal regions. Our findings extend previous research by revealing that resilience is related to surface area and gyrification in frontal, occipital and temporal regions that are implicated in emotion regulation and face or object recognition.
Regulatory Considerations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The rapidly increasing cost of new drug development has led to unprecedented pressures on sponsors to concentrate largely on human clinical trials. The ICH S7a guideline recommends that a standard set of safety pharmacology (SP) studies be conducted prior to the initiation of preclinical trials on a new drug substance. The article discusses preclinical drug development studies considered necessary to effectively characterize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetic, and toxicology profiles of drug candidates.
Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Pore Structure and Strength of Foam Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Foam concrete with different dry densities (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 kg/m 3 ) was prepared from ordinary Portland cement (P.O.42.5R) and vegetable protein foaming agent by adjusting the water-cement ratio through the physical foaming method. The performance of the cement paste adopted, as well as the structure and distribution of air pores, was characterized by a rheometer, scanning electron microscope, vacuum water saturation instrument, and image analysis software. Effects of the water-cement ratio on the relative viscosity of the cement paste, as well as pore structure and strength of the hardened foam concrete, were discussed. Results showed that water-cement ratio can influence the size, distribution, and connectivity of pores in foam concrete. The compressive strength of the foam concrete showed an inverted V-shaped variation law with the increase in water-cement ratio.
Effects of Rhodiola rosea on indomethacin-induced gastric injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Rhodiola rosea in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model in rats and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: Rats in treatment groups were treated with Rhodiola rosea (RR) 14 days. Peptic ulcer was induced by indomethacin (IND) injection (100 mg/kg, p.o.). The groups (n = 6) were designed as; Group I (control); Group II (IND): After 24h of food starvation, rats were given only 100 mg/kg IND by oral gavage to induce gastric mucosal injury. Group III (ESO): Rats were pretreated with 20 mg/kg of ESO for 14 consecutive days by oral gavage. Group IV (RR): Rats were pretreated with 500 mg/kg RR for 14 consecutive days with oral gavage. Results: Rhodiola rosea effectively alleviated indomethacin-induced ulcer via reduction in oxidative stress (decreased MDA and increased SOD, and GSH). Moreover, Rhodiola rosea alleviated indomethacin-induced damage by regulating expressions of COX enzymes, prostaglandin E2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cell proliferation, apoptosis and regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Rhodiola rosea also attenuated inflammatory injury by suppressing TNF-𝛼𝛼, IL-1β, and NF-κB. The caspase-3 expression was also down-regulated in stomach tissues. Conclusions: In conclusion, Rhodiola rosea protected the gastric mucosa from harmful effects of indomethacin and as a natural medicinal herb, Rhodiola rosea might be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating indomethacin-induced gastric damage.
Analysis of soil arching in piled embankments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Embankment constructed on soft ground has to be safe against excessive settlement and deep-seated slope failure. This project investigates the soil arching behaviour in piled embankments on soft ground. Stress is transferred from a yielding mass of the soft ground to adjacent piles with greater stiffness. The extent of the arching effect in piled embankments could be characterised by efficacy, competency and stress reduction ratio. Finite element analysis using PLAXIS 2D was conducted for a tributary area of a piled embankment in plane strain condition. The dimensions of the finite element models were varied and the results were compared with theoretical solutions and model tests reported in the literature. The theoretical solutions and the numerical analysis results are of reasonable agreement. The evolution arching patterns of the finite element models matched the patterns proposed for the respective model dimensions. The influence of various parameters such as pile width and pile clear spacing on the arching effect in the embankment were discussed in this paper. The results showed that the load carried by piles increases with an increase in the area ratio. A case study of the geogrid reinforced piled embankment was reviewed to highlight the effect of geogrid on arching in piled embankment. The limitations of the FEM model and recommendations for future work were discussed.
Catamnesis study of pregnancy termination in women with anamnestic miscarriage and hyperandrogenism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Catamnesis termination of pregnancy in 150 women with hyperandrogenism and an amnestic miscarriage were studied. A comparative analysis of pregnancy and patients with hyperandrogenism in women with physiological pregnancy and childbirth was made. Relationship between the time of diagnosis of hyperandrogenism and frequency of gestational complications had been identified. Pregnant women with late diagnosis of hyperandrogenism (during pregnancy) have a high incidence of gestational complications. It is essential to establish a form of hyperandrogenism in women with hyperandrogenism before pregnancy and conduct appropriate therapy for pregnant ones. Early diagnosis and treatment of placental insufficiency since the late first or early second trimester, as well as the continuation of pathogenetic therapy are needed during pregnancy.
Spectral studies of the interaction between sanguinarine and guanosine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

在 sanguinarine 和 guanosine 之间的相互作用被在 pH 使用 UVvis 和荧光系列调查 7.2。到 guanosine 的 sanguinarine 的绑定被 hypochromism 和 bathochromism 在在荧光系列熄灭的吸收系列和排放证实。荧光一生结果， fluorophore 吸收系列的变化和有增加的温度的有约束力的常数的减少都显示熄灭的荧光是静态的。到 sanguinarine 的有约束力的 cytidine 的比率和常数是 2 和 6.44 ????? ╂吗？
'In den beginne was het woord'. De vroege groei van 'parlementen' in de middeleeuwse vorstendommen der Nederlanden

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the beginning, there was the word. The early evolution of parliament in the mediaeval princedoms of the Netherlands‘Parliaments’ or representative political institutions in the princedoms of the Low Countries came about as a result of political practice rather than any legislative initiative. There is a clear link with the early and exceptional degree of urbanisation: the earliest manifestations of institutions that deal with aspects that could be described as representing the people appear in an urban context. From the protection and promotion of the interests of the urban elites grew the practice of limiting the princely manifestations of power or at least subjecting them to some control from the top down. This practice resulted in the development of a political culture in which basic values such as communication, participation and co-management played a central role. However, the final result was not entirely flawless: a tendency towards oligarchy among those in representative functions and a complex entanglement of financial interests reduced the effectiveness of the institutions, while the growth of princely power and the accumulation of coercive power in the hands of the prince was not held in check by any form of critical opposition from those who represented the people. This article is part of the special issue 'Parlementen in de Nederlanden'.
The Effects of Alerting Tasks on Caloric Induced Vestibular Nystagmus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study compared the effects of four different mental altering tasks on the speed of the nystagmic slow component during caloric testing in 40 young adults. Subjects were randomly divided into four groups (10/group) and stimulated twice in each ear in a counterbalanced manner according to test ear, irrigating temperature, and alerting task. Analysis of the data revealed significant differences between treatment effects on the magnitude of the slow phase velocity of nystagmus. Results suggest that passive listening does not sufficiently alert subjects to ensure the adequate release of nystagmus suppression during vestibular testing.
Influence of Crack Inclination Angle and Thickness on Mode-Mixity Using FEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mode mixity is common in fatigue growth problems to assess the integrity of components by obtaining the fracture parameters as stress intensity factor, T-stress, J-integrals etc. Present study aims to investigate the effects of fracture parameters in a modified Compact Tension (CT) specimen using finite element methods (FEM) with ANSYS 2022 software. Crack orientation angle (α) and thickness (t) have their effects on crack growth which affect the life of a mechanical component. With increasing the crack inclination angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°), an increase in mode III stress intensity factor is noticed while mode I showed a significant decrement. Pure mode I is notice at 0°. With further increase in the angle mode-mixity (mode I and mode III) is obtained. Also, with an increase in the thickness (8mm, 10mm and 12mm) of component there is a noticeable decrease in all modes of stress intensity factor. This mode-mixity play a crucial role in the cracked model of the specimen.
Causal Intervention for Leveraging Popularity Bias in Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recommender system usually faces popularity bias issues: from the data perspective, items exhibit uneven (long-tail) distribution on the interaction frequency; from the method perspective, collaborative filtering methods are prone to amplify the bias by over-recommending popular items. It is undoubtedly critical to consider popularity bias in recommender systems, and existing work mainly eliminates the bias effect. However, we argue that not all biases in the data are bad -- some items demonstrate higher popularity because of their better intrinsic quality. Blindly pursuing unbiased learning may remove the beneficial patterns in the data, degrading the recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction. This work studies an unexplored problem in recommendation -- how to leverage popularity bias to improve the recommendation accuracy. The key lies in two aspects: how to remove the bad impact of popularity bias during training, and how to inject the desired popularity bias in the inference stage that generates top-K recommendations. This questions the causal mechanism of the recommendation generation process. Along this line, we find that item popularity plays the role of confounder between the exposed items and the observed interactions, causing the bad effect of bias amplification. To achieve our goal, we propose a new training and inference paradigm for recommendation named Popularity-bias Deconfounding and Adjusting (PDA). It removes the confounding popularity bias in model training and adjusts the recommendation score with desired popularity bias via causal intervention. We demonstrate the new paradigm on latent factor model and perform extensive experiments on three real-world datasets. Empirical studies validate that the deconfounded training is helpful to discover user real interests and the inference adjustment with popularity bias could further improve the recommendation accuracy.
Using Ordinary Least Squares To Measure The Impact Of The Factors Affecting Underground Economy: A Comparison Between India And Turkey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Underground economy is a source of concern since it distorts policy framework of a country and weakens its government. This paper sheds light on the underground economies of two developing countries namely India and Turkey by identifying the factors contributing towards their large size as well as measuring the impact of those factors.Using secondary data from 2000-2013 and applying Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model, this paper tests the impact of tax revenue, unemployment rate, Index of Economic Freedom, population and GDP growth rates, inflation and internet users on the size of underground economies of India and Turkey in absolute and comparative dimensions.The first part of the paper explains the concept of underground economy and discusses its significance followed by the hypotheses that are put to test. Using OLS, impact of aforementioned variables on the size of underground economy are estimated. It has been found that high Index of Economic Freedom reduces the size of underground economy in both countries hence better institutions are pivotal. Wider tax base and a simple tax system will facilitate India while greater transparency in the usage of ICT will enable Turkey to reduce the size of its underground economy.
The effects of probiotic supplementation on body composition, recovery following exercise‐induced muscle damage, and exercise performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The goal of the current systematic review and meta‐analysis was to provide a definitive assessment of the impacts of probiotic supplementation on body composition, recovery from exercise‐induced muscle damage, and exercise performance in individuals actively participating in exercise. A thorough literature search encompassing Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to May 2024. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome were estimated using a random‐effects model. The certainty of the assessments was further evaluated utilizing the GRADE approach. The pooled analysis showed a significant effect of probiotics on body weight [(WMD = −0.55 kg; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.13; p = 0.010)], percent body fat [(WMD = −0.46%; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.09; p = 0.014)], creatine kinase [(WMD = −45.57 IU. L −1 ; 95% CI: −65.12, −26.02; p = 0.000)], and VO 2max [(WMD = 1.55 mL/kg −1 /min −1 ; 95% CI, 0.61 to 2.49; p = 0.001)]. Despite this, no significant effects were observed on body mass index, lean body mass, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin levels. Probiotic supplementation can have significant effects on body composition and exercise performance. Due to the moderate‐to‐low certainty of evidence, further studies are warranted.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genetic analysis of dauer formation in Caenorhabditis briggsae.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecular changes that underlie evolutionary changes in behavior and physiology are not well understood. Dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans is a temperature-sensitive process controlled through a network of signaling pathways associated with sensory neurons and is potentially an excellent system in which to investigate molecular changes in neuronal function during evolution. To begin to investigate the evolution of dauer formation in the genus Caenorhabditis at the molecular level, we isolated dauer-formation mutations in C. briggsae, a species closely related to the model organism C. elegans. We identified mutations in orthologs of C. elegans genes daf-2 (insulin receptor), daf-3 (Smad), and daf-4 (TGF-beta type 2 receptor), as well as genes required for formation of sensory cilia. Phenotypic analyses revealed that functions of these genes are conserved between C. elegans and C. briggsae. Analysis of C. briggsae mutations also revealed a significant difference between the two species in their responses to high temperatures (>26 degrees). C. elegans is strongly induced to form dauers at temperatures above 26 degrees, near the upper limit for growth of C. elegans. In contrast, C. briggsae, which is capable of growth at higher temperatures than C. elegans, lacks this response. PMID: 17660533
Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Helicobacter pylori is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness worldwide and plays a major role in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Strains isolated from patients contain the cagA gene (cytotoxin-associated gene A) and produce the vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA. Recent molecular and cellular studies of VacA action have begun to unravel its structure and the details of the mechanism of gastric injury caused by H. pylori infection.