jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic activity of watercress extract in a model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed to analyze the antioxidant and hepatoprotective efficacy of watercress extract against liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg, i.p) in an in vivo rat model. Four groups were included, each with five animals (n = 5): 1) Intact, 2) CCl4-induced for 4 weeks, 3) CCl4-induced for 8 weeks, and 4) CCl4-induced for 4 weeks followed by watercress extract treatment (600 mg/kg/day) until week 8. Tissue samples were analyzed using histological techniques (H&E, Sirius Red, Masson's trichrome stain), biochemical methods, and gene expression analysis of IL-1, IL-10, TGF-β, NRF2, Keap1, Acta2, Timp-2, MMP-13, and MMP-9. Watercress extract administration resulted in improvements by preventing steatosis and fibrosis. It also increased IL-10 expression in the liver and intestine. Additionally, the expression of fibrogenic markers such as TGF-β, Col 1α, Acta2, and Timp-2 was regulated. These results suggest that orally administered watercress extract prevents the progression of liver fibrosis.
Ion Engine Systems Testing.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Life testing of two 6750-second, specific impulse, advanced microthruster system flight models is reported. The systems included advanced design, zero-gravity feed systems, thermionic filament neutralizers, solid-state-control logic and power conditioning, stepped thrust vectoring, and thrust-level control. The first system was tested for 3481 hours primarily at 15 micropounds thrust with scheduled off periods, operation at 5 and 10 micropounds, and thrust vectoring. High accelerator electrode drain current, the sole malfunction, made operation marginal near the end of the test. The thruster was then modified by the addition of a variable-temperature accelerator electrode and was used as a diagnostic tool to investigate drain currents. The second system was operated for 452 hours primarily at 5 and 20 micropounds with off periods, at 10 and 15 micropounds, and thrust vectored. Occurrence of high drain currents precluded further systems testing; the system was modified and was used as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of the high drains. A third thruster subsystem was fabricated for experimental purposes. It was operated with a polished copper experimental accelerator and an aluminum accelerator. Results of diagnostic experiments are reported. (Author)
Star Formation in Sagittarius: The Lynds 291 Cloud

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Lynds 291 cloud in Sagittarius is a giant molecular cloud with ap- proximate dimensions 20 pc × 80 pc located at a distance of approximately 1700 pc. The northern part of the cloud is dominated by the HII region IC 1284 and the two reflection nebulae NGC 6589 and NGC 6595. The southwestern edge of the cloud con- sists of a high extinction ridge with numerous dense cores that are being compressed by an expanding HI bubble energized by OB stars and possibly several past supernova explosions. Star formation is taking place all along the ridge. A particularly well stud- ied source is IRAS 18162-2048, which drives the very luminous Herbig-Haro objects HH 80/81, a highly collimated radio continuum jet, and a massive molecular outflow.
Solar-chemical energy converter (SOLCHEM) tested

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

New Mexico State University has tested a key step in a solar concept originated by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory involving the high-temperature endothermic reaction of methane and carbon dioxide to form mainly synthesis gas. The reaction would take place at a solar collector, and the reverse exothermic reaction would be used in a closed loop to generate steam. The converter consists of spirally coiled coaxial tubes, with the innermost coil carrying a nickel catalyst. In the test, which was carried out by J. McCrary (N.M. State Univ.), the reaction took place at approx. 925/sup 0/C and product gases exited at 95/sup 0/-120/sup 0/C. According to McCrary, the reaction temperature is kept below 1100/sup 0/C, since at higher temperatures the catalyst could be damaged; the reaction must be carried out above 750/sup 0/C, since at a lower temperature carbon dioxide could react to form carbon monoxide and carbon, which would plug the reactor. The ultimate SOLCHEM, as viewed by T.A. Chubb (Nav. Res. Lab.) would use a chemical converter located at the focus of a 6-7 m dia parabolic solar energy collector, which would provide 25 kw of thermal energy and would use a synthesis gas storage tank, where themore » reverse reaction would take place, where the heat would be stored in eutectic salt mixture modules, and where steam would be generated.« less
Design and Implementation of a Microprocessor Flight Damage Monitor.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to design a constrained layer damping treatment for aircraft components, the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio requires a knowledge of vibration and temperature variations which a component encounters during its life. This report discusses the design and implementation of a microprocessor based system to acquire vibration and temperature information, and computes the cumulative damage factor versus frequency and temperature in real time. The cumulative damage factor is computed for one of eight user selectable frequency ranges and for a temperature range of -50 to +225 degrees Fahrenheit and is stored in a non-volatile memory. The designed systems uses an LSI11 microcomputer systems consisting of an LSI-11 processor, an analog-to-digital converter, a real-time clock, PROM, a non-volatile memory, and a serial interface. The software developed for this system controls the data acquisition, the computation of a fast Fourier transform (FFT), the power spectrum of vibration data, and the subsequent computation of the cumulative damage factor. The data acquisition and FFT modules were coded in assembly language, and the other modulus were coded in FORTRAN. The output of the system consists of a table containing the cumulative damage as a function of frequency and temperature. A bench model system was constructed and tested, and a proposal for a flight-worthy system is made. (Author)
Prediction of herbage yield in grassland: How well do Ellenberg N‐values perform?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Question: How useful are Ellenberg N‐values for predicting the herbage yield of Central European grasslands in comparison to approaches based on ordination scores of plant species composition or on soil parameters? Location: Central Germany (11°00′‐11°37’E, 50°21‐50°34’N, 500–840 m a.s.l.). Methods: Based on data from a field survey in 2001, the following models were constructed for predicting herbage yield in montane Central European grasslands: (1) Linear regression of mean Ellenberg N‐, R‐ and F‐values; (2) Linear regression of ordination scores derived from Non‐metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of vegetation data; and (3) Multiple linear regression (MLR) of soil variables. Models were evaluated by cross‐validation and validation with additional data collected in 2002. Results: Best predictions were obtained with models based on species composition. Ellenberg N‐values and NMDS scores performed equally well and better than models based on Ellenberg R‐ or F‐values. Predictions based on soil variables were least accurate. When tested with data from 2002, models based on Ellenberg N‐values or on NMDS scores accurately predicted productivity rank order of sites, but not the actual herbage yield of particular sites. Conclusions: Mean Ellenberg N‐values, which are easy to calculate, are as accurate as ordination scores in predicting herbage yield from plant species composition. In contrast, models based on soil variables may be useful for generating hypotheses about the factors limiting herbage yield, but not for prediction. We support the view that Ellenberg N‐values should be called productivity values rather than nitrogen values.
[Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma effectively treated with chronic oral etoposide].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 52-year-old man, who complained of tarry stool and systemic lymphadenopathy, was admitted to our hospital on July 2, 1992. Biopsy showed diffuse large cell lymphoma. Leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes was not shown in the peripheral blood, but there was an elevated serum LDH level. The man was found to have both HTLV-I antibody and the monoclonal integration of proviral DNA in malignant lymph node cells obtained at biopsy. The diagnosis was lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia (ATLL). The chemotherapy regimens of MI-FP, CHOP and modified DHAP were used for the treatment, but were not effective. So, he was treated with etoposide 75 mg orally for 25 days (chronic oral etoposide therapy) and achieved partial remission. This chemotherapy induced myelosuppression with neutropenia, but there was no documented infection. Chronic oral etoposide therapy is an effective regimen for patients with relapse or refractory lymphoma.
Determinants of Competition in a Context of Services Trade Liberalization: Analysis of Market Power of Firms in African Telecommunications Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper assesses the determinant of market power in telecommunications industry in Africa using multiple-indicator-multiple-causes (MIMIC) of a single latent variable estimation. Based on aggregated data from 30 African countries between 1997 and 2004, three sets of results emerge from our empirical analysis: the African telecommunications industry face significant market power practices. Three main policy factors seem to be affecting negatively this market power: the unilateral efforts in terms of liberalization (increasing in number of operators) as well as strengthening of sectoral regulation, and the multilateral commitments to liberalize in the framework of the GATS. However, it appears that multimarket contact of telecommunications operators is an important factor enhancing the cooperative pricing behavior.
Saquinavir 500 mg Film-Coated Tablets Demonstrate Bioequivalence to Saquinavir 200 mg Hard Capsules When Boosted with Twice-Daily Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To establish the bioequivalence of a 500 mg film-coated tablet of saquinavir mesylate (FCT SQV) to the 200 mg hard-capsule saquinavir mesylate (HC SQV), both boosted with ritonavir and administered under fed conditions. Methods We carried out a multi-centre, open-label, randomized, two-sequence, four-period, two-treatment, replicated crossover study in 93 healthy men and 7 healthy women. Individuals were randomly assigned to receive sequential single doses of saquinavir in one of two treatment sequences: ABAB or BABA. Individuals received 100mg ritonavir twice daily for 24 days. On days 14, 17, 20 and 23, study participants took 1000mg of HC SQV (five 200 mg capsules, treatment A) or FCT SQV (two 500 mg tablets, treatment B) with a high-fat, high-calorie breakfast, and pharmacokinetic analyses were carried out over the next 24 hours. Area under the saquinavir concentration–time curve (AUC 0–∞ ), maximum saquinavir plasma concentration (C max ), time to C max and terminal half-life were calculated. The relative bioavailability of FCT SQV versus HC SQV was calculated as the ratio of the respective estimated mean saquinavir AUC 0-∞ and C max . The calculation was based on an ANOVA including the factors site, sex, sequence, period, treatment and study participant to the log-transformed parameters log(AUC 0-∞ ) and log(C max ); the relative bioavailability and the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the treatment contrasts of the ANOVA. Bioequivalence was concluded as for both parameters, AUC 0-∞ and C max , the 90% CIs for the relative bioavailability were entirely included in the reference region [0.80–1.25]. Results Saquinavir plasma concentration–time profiles for the two formulations were similar. Geometric mean AUC 0-∞ and C max values were clearly increased for FCT SQV (26 826 versus 24 430 h*ng/ml; and 3644 versus 3064 ng/ml, respectively); ratios of mean exposures were estimated to be 1.10 for AUC 0-∞ and 1.19 for C max of saquinavir. However, the corresponding two-sided 90% CIs (1.04–1.16 and 1.14–1.25, respectively) all fell within the limits set for equivalence (0.80, 1.25). The adverse event profile for FCT SQV was similar to that for HC SQV. Conclusion The new 500 mg FCT SQV formulation is bioequivalent to the 200 mg HC SQV formulation, at the dose of 1000 mg, in combination with 100 mg ritonavir under fed conditions. The 500 mg FCT SQV formulation reduces pill count for boosted saquinavir (SQV/r) from six capsules to three tablets twice daily. This may increase patient acceptability of SQV/r, particularly in less treatment-experienced patients.
Canada's economy will affect political outlook in 2024

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Significance The economy has not grown in the past two quarters and, on a per capita basis, has declined for six consecutive quarters. With the Bank of Canada ruling out interest rate cuts before the spring, this decline is likely to accelerate. Impacts While Canada will continue to encourage immigration, a struggling economy could be a disincentive for some highly qualified applicants. Government efforts to protect the interests of large, established Canadian companies may threaten innovation that would create new jobs. If living standards continue to decline, the country risks a ‘brain drain’ of talented Canadians to more dynamic economies.
Will Palestinian Water Development be Possible?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the history that lead to the present-day allocation of the waters that are jointly claimed by Palestinians and Israelis. It describes the status of the water sector in Israel at the time the Oslo II Peace Accords were signed, and contrasts these Israeli conditions with the development of water resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territories under the auspices of the Oslo II accords. The paper reports on the impacts that have been sustained by the Palestinian water infrastructure during the current Intifada, and speculates on the conditions that will have to prevail before Palestinian-Israeli water issues can be resolved. The paper is based in part on personal experiences of its authors in working in the Palestinian water sector since 1996. It documents a sampling of problematical situations and conditions related to water management in the region that are not frequently reported in the western media, that do not command the attention of academic researchers, but that provide a glimpse into reasons why the joint management of the waters shared by Palestinians and Israelis was not possible under the framework of Oslo II. In particular, conditions "on the ground" that are peculiar to the water sector and that continue to prevent an integrated approach to the management of transboundary water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories are discussed.
Optimal Asset Allocation for Sovereign Wealth Funds: Theory and Practice

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses management of sovereign wealth from the perspective of the theory of contingent claims.Starting with the sovereign’s balance sheet, we frame sovereign fund management as an asset-liability management (ALM) problem, covering all public entities and taking explicit account of all sources of risks affecting government resources and expenditures. Real-life SWFs asset allocations differ strongly from theoretical ones. Financial management of the sovereign balance sheet is hampered by a lack of aggregate data, which compromises the coordination of sovereign wealth management with fiscal policy, monetary policy and public debt management. In this framework, we suggest institutional arrangements that could overcome this obstacle and enable efficient coordination.
Barriers to care for perinatal patients with opioid use disorder: family physician perspectives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background While barriers to care for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have been described, the experiences and challenges of the physicians providing care to these patients are poorly understood. Objectives To describe the experiences of family physicians providing comprehensive care to pregnant people with OUD and the challenges they face in providing such care. Methods Qualitative thematic analysis of 17 semistructured interviews conducted from July 2019 to September 2020 with family physicians who possess a Drug Enforcement Administration “X” waiver and provide care to pregnant patients. Results Seventeen family physicians practicing in the United States who care for pregnant people with OUD were interviewed. They described physician-, patient-, and systems-level barriers to providing and accessing care for this patient population. Of the 12 interrelated themes regarding challenges to delivering and accessing this care, 3 were particularly salient: the pervasive effects of social determinants of health, a lack of adequately trained providers, and social stigma associated with pregnant people with OUD. Conclusion A comprehensive, multilevel, and multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address these barriers and move towards health equity for this vulnerable patient population.
Adult behaviour of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex in the Gambia with special reference to An. melas and its chromosomal variants.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polytene chromosome studies on the member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex in The Gambia and surrounding areas in Senegal led to comparative observations on bionomics of sympatric populations of An. melas and An. gambiae. Moreover, inversion polymorphisms have been analyzed in An. melas and their possible relationships with behavioural variations in endophily and anthropophily have been considered. An. melas shows a remarkably short dispersal from typical larval breeding places associated with mangrove swamps and it is definitely more zoophilic and exophilic than An. gambiae. Only a very small fraction of An. melas biting outdoor on animals rests indoors and consequently the human blood index is largely overestimated if based on the examination of house samples alone. Differences in the frequencies of 2Rn inversion karyotypes of An. melas were observed between parallel samples obtained from animal shelters and houses, from night catches on man outdoor and from night catches on main indoor and on animal outdoor. Further differences were shown by blood meal identification between human and animal fed subsamples from the same house resting samples. Non-uniform feeding and/or resting behaviour between carriers of alternative 2Rn inversion karyotypes is postulated to explain these data.
RAGE Regulates the Metabolic and Inflammatory Response to High-Fat Feeding in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In mammals, changes in the metabolic state, including obesity, fasting, cold challenge, and high-fat diets (HFDs), activate complex immune responses. In many strains of rodents, HFDs induce a rapid systemic inflammatory response and lead to obesity. Little is known about the molecular signals required for HFD-induced phenotypes. We studied the function of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the development of phenotypes associated with high-fat feeding in mice. RAGE is highly expressed on immune cells, including macrophages. We found that high-fat feeding induced expression of RAGE ligand HMGB1 and carboxymethyllysine-advanced glycation end product epitopes in liver and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of RAGE prevented the effects of HFD on energy expenditure, weight gain, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. RAGE deficiency had no effect on genetic forms of obesity caused by impaired melanocortin signaling. Hematopoietic deficiency of RAGE or treatment with soluble RAGE partially protected against peripheral HFD-induced inflammation and weight gain. These findings demonstrate that high-fat feeding induces peripheral inflammation and weight gain in a RAGE-dependent manner, providing a foothold in the pathways that regulate diet-induced obesity and offering the potential for therapeutic intervention.
How to Complete a Summary of Performance for Students Exiting to Postsecondary Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 mandates that students with disabilities graduating or aging out of the P—12 school system be provided with a summary of academic achievement and functional performance (SOP). The SOP should provide the student with one document that summarizes available formal and informal assessment data. This article presents an overview of the SOP, as well as an example SOP for a hypothetical student. The SOP form used in this article is based on the template developed by the National Transition Assessment Summit, which has been ratified by seven national and international professional disability organizations.
Case report of an acute presentation of diplegia in a four-month old - to expect the unexpected!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case report of an acute presentation of diplegia in a four-month old - to expect the unexpected! - IJMPO- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4699 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4702 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmpo.2019.008, IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics and Oncology-IP Int J Med Paediatr Oncol
Novel Analytical Approach for Estimation of Thermal Diffusivity and Effusivity for Detection of Osteoporosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infrared thermography is a full field, non-contact inexpensive, patient friendly and safe imaging modality for estimation of thermo-physical properties of various bio-materials. Among the widely used thermal wave imaging modalities, recently proposed frequency modulated thermal wave imaging technique gained importance due to its quantitative characterization capabilities along with its deeper subsurface visualization abilities. This work highlights a novel analytical analysis for three dimensional Fourier heat diffusion equation by considering internal heat generation. An aperiodic pulse compression favorable thermal wave imaging method is proposed for estimation of thermo-physical properties of bone for identification of severity of osteoporosis. Effect of osteoporosis on thermo-physical properties such as thermal effusivity and diffusivity has been studied. Further proposed analytical approach has been validated by results obtained from the commercially available finite element based COMSOL software.
Evaluating the Crop Coefficient for Cherries Plants in Michigan State

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crop coefficient for cherries was evaluated by measure the water consumption in Michigan State to find its variation with time as the plant growth. Crop coefficients value (Kc) for cherries were predicated by Michigan State University (MSU) and also by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) according to consume of water through the season. In this paper crop coefficients for cherries are modified accordingly to the actual measurements of soil moisture content. Actual evapotranspiration (consumptive use) were measured by the soil moisture readings using Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR), and compared with the actual potential evapotranspiration that calculated by using modified Penman-Monteith equation which depends on metrological station and by using pan evaporation method. Absolut error techniques show that the predicated crop coefficient by MSU should be modified and changed from 1.0 to 1.20 during June, and from 1.02 during July and August to 1.2 to reduce the crop water stress and give better water management and perfect schedule for irrigation process.