jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neural Network Methods Enhance Test-Retest Repeatability of IVIM Parameter Estimation in Pancreatic Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: IVIM is valuable for differentiating pancreatic diseases, but parameter reliability depends significantly on algorithm choice. Robust methods are essential to enhance repeatability, ensuring accurate assessments that support clinical decisions. Goal(s): To assess whether neural-network-based approaches enhance the repeatability of IVIM parameter fitting in the pancreas compared to traditional nonlinear least-squares methods. Approach: Test-retest diffusion-weighted MRI was acquired from eight healthy subjects and analyzed for repeatability (CV) and goodness of fit (R2) using two nonlinear least-squares methods and three neural networks. Results: Neural-network approaches, especially IVIM-Morph and Super-IVIM-DC, achieved significantly lower CVs than conventional methods with comparable R2, improving repeatability without compromising fit quality. Impact: This study demonstrates that neural network-based methods, specifically the motion-robust IVIM-Morph and SUPER-IVIM-DC for limited b-values, improve test-retest repeatability in IVIM parameter estimation for pancreatic imaging, supporting better assessment of pancreatic conditions and enhancing diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes.
Self-Medication and Associated Factors in Sohag Governorate

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Self-medication is a common practice in both developed and developing countries especially in low-income communities. Major problems related to self-medication are resources wastage, and serious health hazards like adverse reactions, prolonged suffering and antibiotic resistance. Objective(s): This study was conducted to describe the pattern of self-medication in Sohag governorate and identify its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1052 outpatients attending primary health care centers in five randomly selected districts in Sohag governorate. An interviewing questionnaire was designed to gather data including socio-demographic characteristics, suffering from chronic diseases, health care services used and opinion about health care services, whether practicing self- medication or not, and the pattern of the reported self-medication practices. Univariate and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine predictor variables of self-medication. Results: Self-medication was practiced by 41.4% of the participants. Out of them, 110 (25.2%) used drugs only, 97 (22.3%) used CAM and 229 (52.5%) used both drugs and CAM. Multiple binary logistic regression revealed that aging, rural residence, female gender, inconvenient perceived access to healthcare, presence of chronic diseases and income (1000-2000 pounds) per month were strong predictor variables of self-medication. Conclusion: The study highlighted the wide practicing of self-medication using drugs and/or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among the participants. There are many cases that do not have a medical or psychological explanation for use of CAM. It is mandatory to increase the awareness about self-medication problem and implementing strict measures to prevent drug dispensing through community pharmacies and herbalists. More attention should be paid to CAM and legalization of its use.
Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis With Hepatic Involvement and Reversible Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis falls within the spectrum of sarcoidosis and is characterized by features of necrosis and granulomatous vasculitis. Like classical sarcoidosis, it can affect numerous organ systems, and there is a wide range of disease activity. Few cases of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis have been reported in the liver. We present a case of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis associated with noncirrhotic portal hypertension.
Cloning and Structural Analysis of Phosphoglycerate Mutas Gene and Its Expression Levels in Homokaryon and Heterokaryon of Volvariella volvacea

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two single spore isolates named PYd21 and PYd15 respectively and their hybrid heterokaryon named H15-21 were studied as materials in this paper.Using sequencing data of genome,transcriptome and digital gene expression profiles of Volvariella volvacea,Phosphoglycerate mutas(PGAM) were cloned and its structure and expression were studied.Alignment of PGAM genes from PYd21 and PYd15 revealed that both sequences to be identical.Structural analysis of PGAM gene revealed that it consisted of 2118bp with an open reading frame(ORF) of 1611bp,encoding a polypeptide of 536 amino acids.PGAM gene contained 10 exons and 9 introns.One type of alternative splicing and 6 alternative splicing sites were identified during RNA processing.TPM(Transcript Per Million Clean Tags) values for PYd21,PYd15 and H15-21 were 35.29,127.91 and 302.89 respectively,which had significant positive correlation to the growth rate of mycelium.The expression levels of PGAM gene in PYd21,PYd15 and H15-21 indicated that two differently type of nucleus in the cell of H1521 interacted each other which affected expression level of PGAM gene in H15-21.The expression levels of PGAM gene were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR.
Two Nucleoporin 98 homologous genes jointly participate in the regulation of starch degradation to enhance growth in Arabidopsis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Starch is synthesized during the day for temporary storage in leaves and then degraded during the subsequent night to support plant growth and development. Impairment of starch degradation leads to stunted growth, even senescence and death. The nuclear pore complex is involved in many cellular processes, but its relationship with starch degradation is unclear until now. We previously identified two Nucleoporin98 ( Nup98 ) genes ( Nup98a and Nup98b ) redundantly regulated flowering through CONSTANS ( CO ) independent pathway. in Arabidopsis thaliana . The nup98a nup98b double mutant also showed severe senescence phenotypes. Results: We found that Nucleoporin 98 ( Nup98 ) participated in the regulation of sugar metabolism in leaves and in turn is involved in senescence regulation in Arabidopsis . We show that Nup98a and Nup98b redundantly function in the different steps of starch degradation, the nup98a nup98b double mutant accumulates more starch than wild type and has a severe early senescence phenotype compared to wild type. The expression of marker genes related to starch degradation was impaired in the nup98a nup98b double mutant, and indicator genes of carbon starvation and senescence expressed earlier in the nup98a nup98b double mutant than that in wild type plants, suggesting abnormality of energy metabolism was the cause of senescence of the nup98a nup98 b double mutant. Addition of sucrose to the growth medium can rescue early senescence phenotype of the nup98a nup98b mutant. Conclusions: Our results provided a line of evidence on a novel role of the nuclear pore complex in energy metabolism related to growth and development, whereas Nup98 functioned in starch degradation conferring growth regulation in Arabidopsis .
The biological activities and phytochemical investigations of acacia Senegal's aqueous extracts of gum Arabic

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to ascertain the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of gum Arabic aqueous extracts from Acacia Senegal. Furthermore, the phytochemical research on these extracts investigated the metabolically active ingredients in gum Arabic. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by diffusion of the disks .2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity was used to detect antioxidant activity. Then, the anti‑inflammatory activity of gum Arabic using albumin denaturation activity. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids in the absence of anthocyans. The results of antioxidant activity by trapping the free radical DPPH obtained show that the extract of gum arabic reveals an interesting activity with a IC50 value of 62,40 ±0.21 mg/ml. Concerning the antibacterial activity, good inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicated that gum arabic showed higher anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting albumin denaturation at 75 mg/ml by 88.4%. The research outcomes demonstrate that Acacia Senegal gum can be useful for alternative treatments.
Reduction of Nitrate and Acrylamide in Cereal Baking Using Lactobacillus casei and Herbal Extracts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Nitrate and acrylamide as carcinogenic substances are increased during the baking process of foods, such as cereals. Objective: This study aimed to reduce the amount of acrylamide and nitrate in three types of cereals, wheat, barley, and maize, by treatment with probiotic bacteria and several plant extracts. Methods: Three types of plant extracts were prepared from Coriandrum sativum, Nigella sativa, and Thymus sp. leaves and stem. Also, Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus LCR6013 was used as probiotic bacteria for bacterial treatment. Acrylamide and nitrate were measured by HPLC and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Results: Adding plant extracts and LCR 6013 bacteria could reduce the level of nitrate and acrylamide in the cereal samples. Among plant extracts, nigella could reduce nitrate in all samples below detectable levels. Also, it was effective in reducing acrylamide content from samples to the extent of 87% in barley, 60% in wheat, and 100% in corn. Bacterial treatment could also reduce nitrate levels between 70 and 100% while having a variable impact on decreasing acrylamide. Oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistically significant results. Conclusion: It was concluded that pre-baking exposure to plant extract and bacteria is effective in the reduction of nitrate and acrylamide quantity in the heat processing of cereals.
Cytokine-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by astrocytes and astrocytoma cell lines.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) associate intimately with vascular endothelial cells and are integral to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Leukocyte transmigration across the BBB is a cardinal feature of CNS inflammation, as observed in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) interactions have recently been proposed as essential for this process. VCAM-1 expression by astrocytes was recently reported. We addressed the regulation of VCAM-1 expression by inflammatory cytokines in primary human astrocytes and two human astrocytoma cell lines. Astrocytoma cells up-regulated surface VCAM-1 expression in response to cytokines in the following order: IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha &gt; IFN-gamma plus IL-1 beta &gt; TNF-alpha &gt; IFN-gamma. Cytokine-activated astrocytoma cells expressed 7-domain VCAM-1, as indicated by accumulation of 3.2-kb VCAM-1 mRNA and immunoprecipitation of a 100-kDa protein with anti-VCAM-1 mAb. Lymphoblast adhesion to cytokine-activated astrocytoma cell monolayers was significantly blocked by mAb specific for VCAM-1 and VLA-4, indicating that astrocytoma cell VCAM-1 was functional. Astrocytoma cell expression of VCAM-1 could be a constituent of the astrocyte phenotype. To support this possibility, we demonstrated that cytokine-treated adult human and rat primary astrocytes expressed VCAM-1, and the rank order of cytokine potency for VCAM-1 induction in primary and neoplastic astrocytes was strikingly similar. This is the first documentation of VCAM-1 expression by adult human astrocytes. Expression of VCAM-1 by astrocytes at the BBB could play a role in mononuclear leukocyte entry into the CNS.
Biological control of Botrytis gray mould and Sclerotinia drop in lettuce.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the biological control of two most important fungal diseases of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): 1) Botrytis Gray Mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.; 2) Sclerotinia Drop caused by two pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary and/or Sclerotinia minorJagger. Biological control in lettuce was carried out: 1) using Coniothyrium minitans Campbell, an antagonist fungus that attacks and destroys sclerotia within the soil; 2) identifying lettuce genotypes showing less susceptibility or tolerance. The object of this research was to find control strategies to reduce chemical treatments. The use of resistant varieties is one of the most economical ways to control vegeTable diseases. The lettuce genotypes showing in preliminary trials the best behaviour to the sclerotial diseases were compared in a randomized complete block experiment design and replicated four times. Observations were carried out from February up to April registering the number of diseased plants and yield. The pathogens were isolated on PDA medium and identified. The isolates grown onto PDA plates, after incubation for 6 weeks, allowed obtaining sclerotia that were the target of C. minitans in biological control trials. In laboratory, in controlled conditions, 27 small plots (30 cm in diameter each) with disinfected soil were performed. In 18 plots 9 sclerotia were inoculated (per plot, three of each fungus) and in 9 plots of them a suspension of the antagonist fungus was added. Subsequently, three lettuce varieties were transplanted. For each variety were compared: 1) untreated plots; 2) treated plots with sclerotia only; 3) treated plots with sclerotia and C. minitans suspension. The number of diseased plants was recorded. According to symptom evaluation scale, ranged from 0 (no disease) up to 10 (100% necrotic leaves or dead plants) the plants were grouped into infection classes, calculating the McKinney index. In greenhouse trials, "LM 1307" genotype showed less significant susceptibility to Botrytis Gray Mould (0-2% of affected plants), while "Ninja" and "Charmy" showed 4-11% and 16-26% of diseased plants, respectively. The yields were 69.7, 62.7, 55.3 t/Ha, respectively. In laboratory tests, the McKinney index gave the following results: no disease in all untreated plants; 38.3, 54.2 and 89.2% in "LM 1307", "Ninja" and "Charmy" treated with sclerotia only, respectively; 2.5, 7.5 and 20.8% in "LM 1307", "Ninja" and "Charmy" treated with sclerotia and C. minitans, respectively. In conclusion, the less susceptibility of the genotypes to sclerotial diseases and the use of hyperparasites of sclerotia of phytopathogenic fungi exhibited best results.
Thermal-aware mapping and placement for 3-D NoC designs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Networks on chip (NoC) and 3D integrated circuits have been proposed as solutions to the ever-growing interconnect woes surrounding systems-on-chip. 3D designs however suffer from hotspot creation, due to the increase in the power density of parts of the chip. In this paper, we propose the use of a genetic algorithm for a thermal and communication aware mapping and placement of application tasks on 3D NoC environment. Our results show a significant reduction in system temperature when compared to a random mapping and placement, and provide an encouraging situation for migration to the 3D design space
An exploratory study of aspirations for change and their effect on purpose among Catalan university students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Catalan young adults have found themselves as prominent actors in important social, political and economic changes that Catalonia is currently experiencing. How are their life goals related to these events? We explore self-oriented, prosocial and change-oriented life goals and their expected social benefits among 160 Catalan university students who completed an online survey. Mean differences between highly and scantly change-oriented students were strong in their endorsement of prosocial life goals and mild in self-oriented life goals. Linear regression found modest predictive value for students’ expectations of producing social benefits based on prosocial and change-oriented life goals, but not self-oriented life goals.
'THE ART OF THE HOME, NOT OF THE PALACE': Lever and his collection of embroidery

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lever's large collection of English pictorial embroideries of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries reflects his interest domestic, even amateur, craftsmanship of ordinary women, and his pioneering work in the creation of folk museums. His collection was destroyed, paradoxically, by suffragettes in igij but his second collection had a special room in his Hampstead house devoted to it. Pictorial embroidery did not enjoy high esteem among serious collectors until about igoo but by igio it become widely fashionable. A few collectors based in the south-east, including Lady Wolseley and Lord Arthur Hill, had started collecting in this area during the nineteenth century well before Lever, but more typical were Percival Griffiths and Sir William Plender who were acquiring needlework in the early twentieth century.
Necromancies in ancient epic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The interaction between the dead and the living is one of the stock scenes and most popular topics in Graeco-Roman epic since Homer (Hom. Od. 11.13-640). Many important studies have been dedicated to the analysis of the great importance of this bauform froma metapoetic perspective with necromancies affording the epic poets the opportunity to incorporate popularmyths and historical figures of the past or (retrospective) future into their narrative, and to go beyond the scope of the epic plot. The same applies for Homer's, Vergil's, and more recently also Seneca's and Lucan's great influence on the descriptions of the underworld and the necromantic rituals in the Flavian epics of Valerius Flaccus, Statius, and Silius Italicus. One of the core elements of this type scene, the communication between the living and the dead, which is the climax of and the main reason for necromancies, has, however, been widely neglected - and with good reason, as the nature of the dead is "notoriously complex, ambiguous, and even contradictory."1 While it is not possible to reconcile and explain all contradictions of the obscure verbal interactions in the necromantic episodes under discussion, this contribution delineates the most important narrative patterns and intra- and intertextual allusions in the depiction of the dead and their conversation with the living throughout the epic tradition from Homer to Silius Italicus. It argues that the obscurity and inconsistencies in the portrayal of the dead are a deliberate literary device used to compress the narrative and to highlight that life after death and the nature of the dead surpass human comprehension and that each epic poem gives its own unique voice to the dead in the underworld - either through striking innovations or interesting and unusual combinations of the already established narrative patterns.
Even Small Changes in Body Temperature Can Affect the Cardiac Function in Anesthetized Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Heart rate (HR) increases at the beginning of dynamic exercise, then remains constant or gradually increases in response to the exercise intensity. Both central command and the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) are thought to play an important role for this tachycardic response. Recently, the contribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel to the EPR has been reported (Smith SA et al, J Physiol 2010). However, the role of the TRPV1 channel on the exercise tachycardia during dynamic exercise remains largely unknown. We therefore examined the effect of systemic TRPV1 channel blockade or activation on the HR response to treadmill exercise in rats. Male Wistar rats were previously implanted with telemetry transmitters (TRM54P, Millar) to measure HR and arterial blood pressure (AP), and were trained to run on a treadmill. Both HR and mean AP (MAP) responses to treadmill running (20 or 40 m/min, 60 s) were compared before and after administration of TRPV1 channel agonists or antagonists. Sciatic nerve‐selective desensitization of TRPV1 channel by resiniferatoxin (10 µg, under anesthesia) significantly attenuated the HR response to exercise. Systemic administration of potent TRPV1 channel antagonist iodoresiniferatoxin (0.3 mg/kg ip), which has a partial agonist‐like effect, also attenuated it. On the other hand, either the TRPV1‐selective (SB366791; 3 mg/kg) or a nonselective (ruthenium red; 5 mg/kg) antagonists did not affect the HR response to exercise. In conclusion, desensitization of the TRPV1 channel‐expressing neurons attenuated the EPR‐mediated HR response during dynamic exercise in rats, suggesting that TRPV1‐expressing neurons play an important role for the HR response during dynamic exercise.
Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Racial Differences in Illicit Drug Use in a Sample of US High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives. We evaluated drug use differences between sexual minority and heterosexual students, including interactions with gender and race/ethnicity. Methods. We used 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data pooled from Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Delaware; Maine; Massachusetts; New York City, New York; Rhode Island; and Vermont to evaluate drug use (marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, heroin, methamphetamine, and MDMA [Ecstasy]) using 2 aspects of sexual orientation (identity and sex of sexual partners). Results. Sexual minority students had higher prevalence of drug use than did heterosexuals on both sexual orientation dimensions, and differences were particularly pronounced among bisexual students on both dimensions. Differences between sexual minority and heterosexual male students in prevalence were generally larger than were differences between sexual minority and heterosexual female students. Racial minority students generally reported lower prevalence of drug use. However, the protective effect of African American race was less pronounced for some sexual minorities. Conclusions. Sexual minority youths are at increased risk for drug use. Intervention is needed at the institutional and individual levels to address these disparities.
An Improved Ant Algorithm for Multidimensional Knapsack Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)is a metaheuristic.And it has been applied to many hard discrete problems.Recently,some researchers have proposed several different ACO algorithms to solve multidimensional knapsack problem(MKP),which is an NP-hard combinatorial problem.Although these algorithms could obtain good solutions of MKP,they consume too more CPU time.For sake of decreasing time complexity of existing ACO algorithms,a new improved ACO algorithm is proposed for MKP in this paper.First,a pheromone representation,which was defined by Blum C.in his paper the hyper-cube framework for ant colony optimization as an example,models binary decision variables assigned to all items and their values.Based on this pheromone model,a new rule choosing objective item is defined.In this way,the time complexity of proposed ACO algorithm can be decreased.However,incorporating heuristic information into solution construction of artificial ants is difficult.A new heuristic information of MKP based on some order of all items is described.Experimental results show that in case of same computing task,the new one uses less CPU time and obtains better solutions compared with other ACO algorithms whether serial or parallel implementation.Also,the new algorithm has obtained two new solutions of test 5.250-22.