jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids induced the production and gene expression of IL-1alpha through AP-1 and partially NF-kappaB activation in murine epidermal cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To investigate the mechanism of the glucocorticoids-induced augmentation of skin response, we have recently reported the modulatory effect of glucocorticoids on the regulation of cytokines production in keratinocytes stimulated with various chemicals in vitro through both NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. Further to clarify the mechanism in the glucocorticoids-induced augmentation of cytokines production from keratinocytes, we examined the effect of glucocorticoids to keratinocytes without chemical stimulation. Glucocorticoids 10(-4) M inhibited the production of IL-1alpha from Pam 212 cells. However, lower concentration (10(-8)-10(-10) M) of glucocorticoids significantly enhanced the production of IL-1alpha by Pam 212 cells at both the protein and mRNA levels. In contrast, glucocorticoids had no effect on the production of either TNF-alhpa, IL-6, nor GM-CSF by Pam 212 cells cultured for 6 h. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that 10(-10)-10(-12) M glucocorticoids induced the NF-kappaB activation in Pam 212 cells, however, augmented AP-1 activation by 10(-8)-10(-10) M of glucocorticoids was observed in Pam 212 cells. Furthermore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) partially inhibited the IL-1alpha production and completely inhibited NF-kappaB expression by Pam 212 cells. On the other hand, MAP-kinase inhibitors (PD98059, SB202190) completely abrogated not only AP-1 activation but the low concentration glucocorticoids-induced IL-1alpha production. These data indicated that lower concentration of glucocorticoids induced the augmentation of IL-1alpha production from keratinocytes mediated through the AP-1 pathway and partially through NF-kappaB pathway.
Human Resource Management Practices on Personnel Retention in 4ID, Philippine Army

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The retention of Army Personnel especially the best and brightest plays a significant role in the Philippine Army (PA), because their knowledge and skills are vital for Armyâ€™s ability in the accomplishment of its mission. With the advent of globalization, developing technology and booming economy in the country, the demand for talent has increased considerably. These emerging trends became the major challenges of every companies or organizations (private or public) to include the Philippine Army. Patriotic soldiers with brilliant minds and special expertise are now targets of this competitive environment. Having this situation, a study has been conducted to look into the five practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) on personnel retention in the Philippine Army. These HRM practices include career development opportunities, supervisor support, working environment, rewards and work-life policies. Descriptive survey research design was used and questionnaire was being filled-up by each respondent who were members of the different line units under the 4th Infantry Division (4ID), PA whose area of responsibility covers large portion of Northern Mindanao and the whole CARAGA Region. The results of the study revealed that the HRM factors were indeed practiced and these 5 practices influenced the willingness of Army personnel to stay in the Philippine Army. Â Keywords: Employee, human resource management, retention, motivation Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE â€˜â€œ â€™â€ /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Looting Matters

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter describes results of preliminary research by the ‘Follow the Pots’ project, centring on the sites of Bab adh-Dhra’, Naqa/Safi, and Fifa. These three extensive Early Bronze Age (EBA, c.3600–2000 BCE) cemeteries on the southeastern Dead Sea Plain in Jordan offer a unique opportunity to study mortuary practices at a time when the social landscape changed dramatically as people moved into fortified towns for the first time. Unfortunately these sites have suffered decades of plundering due to demand for grave goods sold in antiquities markets globally. Beyond evaluating the immense loss of evidence from this dynamic period in human prehistory, this case study explores the complex relationship between the first and second lives of these 5,000-year-old grave goods by focusing on the issue of materiality. The chapter examines the meanings and values attached to archaeological material culture by multiple stakeholders, including looters, archaeologists, shopkeepers, and consumers of EBA archaeological material culture from the southeastern Dead Sea Plain.
‘Reparational’ Genetics: Genomic Data and the Case for Reparations in the Caribbean

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on my population genomic research among several Caribbean communities, I consider how ongoing Caribbean reparations movements index genomic information. Specifically, I examine the intersection between genetic ancestry and calls for reparatory justice to gain insight into the ways that scientific data are utilized in social articulations of both racial and indigenous identity. I argue that when contextualized within complex historical and cultural frameworks, the application of genomic data complicates notions about biological continuity and belonging, yet is compatible with broader conceptualizations of how people imagine themselves and histories in relation to geographic origins.
Structural transformations in the In5Bi3compound under high pressure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The compound In5Bi3 decomposes at pressure 15 GPa and temperature 150 °C into two phases of different compositions. Each phase represents a tetragonal distortion of the body-centred cubic phase, one with axial ratio c/a>1 and the other with c/a<1. These phases follow the Bain path - a tetragonal distortion of the cubic structure on the way from face-centred cubic to body-centred cubic, observed for tetragonal phases of In and Sn alloys as a function of composition (or electron concentration) at ambient and high pressure. Ambient-pressure stoichiometic compounds in the In-Bi alloy system are replaced under pressure by a sequence of metallic random phases with the structure determined by the electron concentration.
Organic‐inorganic hybrid sol‐gel materials, 1. Preparation and characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Three organic‐inorganic hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) (poly(St‐co‐MMA)), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS) structure units covalently into the SiO 2 glass network via the sol‐gel approach. The polymer precursors were synthesized by freeradical copolymerization of styrene and/or methyl methacrylate with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MSMA) to obtain the poly(St‐co‐MMA‐co‐MSMA) copolymer (molar ratio St/MMA/MSMA = 30/48/22), poly(MMA‐co‐MSMA) copolymer (molar ratio MMA/MSMA = 76/24), and poly(St‐co‐MSMA) copolymer (molar ratio St/MSMA = 69/31) with glass transition temperatures at about 67°C, 68°C, and 61°C, respectively. The characteristics and properties of the copolymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The copolymers were then hydrolysed and co‐condensated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature to afford monolithic poly(St‐co‐MMA)SiO 2 , PMMASiO 2 , and PS‐SiO 2 hybrid sol‐gel materials having SiO 2 contents of 16–84 wt.‐%. The thermal properties of the hybrid materials were characterized by TGA and DSC.
The impact of robotic assistance for lumbar fusion surgery on 90-day surgical outcomes and 1-year revisions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the (1) 90-day surgical outcomes and (2) 1-year revision rate of robotic versus nonrobotic lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: Patients >18 years of age who underwent primary lumbar fusion surgery at our institution were identified and propensity-matched in a 1:1 fashion based on robotic assistance during surgery. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes, including 90-day surgical complications and 1-year revisions, were collected. Multivariable regression analysis was performed. Significance was set to P < 0.05. Results: Four hundred and fifteen patients were identified as having robotic lumbar fusion and were matched to a control group. Bivariant analysis revealed no significant difference in total 90-day surgical complications ( P = 0.193) or 1-year revisions ( P = 0.178). The operative duration was longer in robotic surgery (287 + 123 vs. 205 + 88.3, P ≤ 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that robotic fusion was not a significant predictor of 90-day surgical complications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76 [0.32–1.67], P = 0.499) or 1-year revisions (OR = 0.58 [0.28–1.18], P = 0.142). Other variables identified as the positive predictors of 1-year revisions included levels fused (OR = 1.26 [1.08–1.48], P = 0.004) and current smokers (OR = 3.51 [1.46–8.15], P = 0.004). Conclusion: Our study suggests that robotic-assisted and nonrobotic-assisted lumbar fusions are associated with a similar risk of 90-day surgical complications and 1-year revision rates; however, robotic surgery does increase time under anesthesia.
Androgen Synthesis by Testicular Tissue from a Patient with Gonadal Insufficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Testicular tissue removed from a 15½-yr-old boy with delayed sexual maturation, despite normal levels of urinary gonadotropins for 2 yr, was shown to be capable of converting pregnenolone-7α-3H to androstenedione, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 16α-hydroxy pregnenolone. Microscopical examination of the tissue revealed almost complete lack of spermatogenesis and reduced numbers of spermatogonia. Leydig cells were present but reduced in number. Chromosomal studies of the testicular tissue showed a normal XY-46 pattern. This patient is considered unique in that, although his testes were capable of making androgens in vitro, and he was shown to be responsive to exogenous androgen, various clinical tests, including estimation of plasma testosterone, suggested insufficient androgen production in vivo. The testicular pathology found on microscopical examination is incompatible with the diagnosis of constitutional delayed adolescence.
Structural and mechanistic motifs in membrane proteins: the three-dimensional modelling of rhodopsin, band 3, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Because so little is known about the structure of membrane proteins, an attempt has been made in this work to develop techniques by which to model them in three dimensions. The procedures devised rely heavily upon the availability of several sequences of a given protein. The modelling procedure is composed of two parts. The first identifies transmembrane regions within the protein sequence on the basis of hydrophobicity, β-turn potential, and the presence of certain amino acid types, specifically, proline and basic residues. The second part of the procedure arranges these transmembrane helices within the bilayer based upon the evolutionary conservation of their residues. Conserved residues are oriented toward other helices and variable residues are positioned to face the surrounding lipids. Available structural information concerning the protein's helical arrangement, including the lengths of interhelical loops, is also taken into account. Rhodopsin, band 3, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor have all been modelled using this methodology, and mechanisms of action could be proposed based upon the resulting structures. Specific residues in the rhodopsin and iodopsin sequences were identified, which may regulate the proteins' wavelength selectivities. A hinge-like motion of helices M3, M4, and M5 with respect to the rest of the protein was proposed to result in the activation of transducin, the G-protein associated with rhodopsin. A similar mechanism is also proposed for signal transduction by the muscarinic acetylcholine and β-adrenergic receptors. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was modelled with four trans-membrane helices per subunit and with the five homologous M2 helices forming the cation channel. Putative channel-lining residues were identified and a mechanism of channel-opening based upon the concerted, tangential rotation of the M2 helices was proposed. Band 3, the anion exchange protein found in the erythrocyte membrane, was modelled with 14 transmembrane helices. In general the pathway of anion transport can be viewed as a channel composed of six helices that contains a single hydrophobic restriction. This hydrophobic region will not allow the passage of charged species, unless they are part of an ion-pair. An arginine residue located near this restriction is proposed to be responsible for anion transport. When ion-paired with a transportable anion it rotates across the barrier and releases the anion on the other side of the membrane. A similar process returns it to its original position. This proposed mechanism, based on the three-dimensional model, can account for the passive, electroneutral, anion exchange observed for band 3. Dianions can be transported through a similar mechanism with the additional participation of a histidine residue. Both residues are located on M10.
AN EVALUATION OF THE SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE NEW SCHOOL MODEL: A STUDY ON AL AIN SCHOOLS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2005, the government of Abu Dhabi started a reform initiative by establishing the Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC). ADEC became responsible for efforts to improve the performance of schools and increase students’ achievement in the emirate. One way to do this was by creating the New School Model (NSM). Part of the NSM reform was a shift from the centralized system of managing the schools into a decentralized system that delegates and sometimes devolves decision-making authority to schools themselves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which School-Based Management (SBM) has been practiced in the New School Model (NSM) schools in Al Ain. The other purpose is to investigate the influence of staff position on the practices of the SBM. The third purpose is to identify the main areas of SBM practices that need improvement based on the perceptions of the participants. A descriptive quantitative research method in the form of a questionnaire was utilized to obtain the perceptions of 351 school staff. The conceptual framework for the SBM practices that guided this study was built from a synthesis of literature related to SBM and the features of NSM. The framework identified six critical areas of SBM practices: (a) effective school leadership, (b) budget allocation, (c) management strategies, (d) staff development, (e) curriculum and instruction, and (f) resources. ADEC grants authority in the areas of management strategies, staff development, curriculum and instruction, and resources. The areas of effective leadership and budget allocation have no or little authority. The results indicate that participation of school staff in SBM practices in areas where staff has more authority was greater than their participation in areas with no or little authority. In addition, the staff desire to participate in decision-making was strong and compatible with their actual participation in both areas. Moreover, the staff desire
The Future-oriented Hopes and Goals of Dual Career Athletes at Different Stages of High School

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Yksi identiteetin muodostumisen avainprosesseista on se, miten yksilö näkee tulevaisuutensa. Tulevaisuuteen suuntautuminen on erityisen tärkeää nuoruudessa, sillä nuoruudessa tehdyt päätökset voivat vaikuttaa merkittävästi myöhempään aikuiselämään (Fonseca ym., 2019). Koska suurin osa nuorista ei saa urheilusta itselleen ammattia ja ammattiurheilu-urat ovat suhteellisen lyhyitä, on tärkeää, että nuoret urheilijat ajattelevat ja suunnittelevat tulevaisuuttaan myös muilla elämän osa-alueilla (Ryba ym., 2016). Tämän pitkittäistutkimuksen päätavoite oli tutkia urheilulukiolaisten tulevaisuuteen suuntautuneita toiveita ja tavoitteita urheilulukion alussa ja lopussa. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli tutkia mahdollisia sukupuolieroja näissä tulevaisuuteen suuntautuneissa toiveissa ja tavoitteissa. Tutkimukseen osallistui urheilulukion ensimmäisen vuoden syksyllä 391 urheilulukiolaista (51 % tyttöjä) ja urheilulukion kolmannen vuoden keväällä 390 urheilulukiolaista (50 % tyttöjä). Tutkimukseen osallistuneet täyttivät molemmilla mittauskerroilla kyselylomakkeen, johon sisältyi yksi tulevaisuuteen suuntautuneita toiveita ja tavoitteita kartoittava avoin kysymys. Tähän kysymykseen vastasi ensimmäisen vuoden syksyllä 381 urheilulukiolaista (51 % tyttöjä) ja kolmannen keväällä 351 urheilulukiolaista (56 % tyttöjä). Teoriaohjaavalla sisällönanalyysillä urheilulukiolaisten vastauksista tunnistettiin 11 eri tavoitekategoriaa, joihin sisältyi yhteensä 49 alakategoriaa. Tulevaisuuteen suuntautuneiden toiveiden ja tavoitteiden muutosta ajassa ja sukupuolieroja tutkittiin käyttämällä ”N-1” Khiin neliö-testiä. Tämä tutkimus osoitti, että urheilulukiolaisilla on eniten urheiluun liittyviä toiveita ja tavoitteita sekä urheilulukion alussa että lopussa. Vaikka urheiluun, koulutukseen ja ammattiin/työhön liittyvät toiveet ja tavoitteet olivat kaikkein yleisimpiä, vain 51 % urheilulukiolaisista urheilulukion alussa ja 27 % urheilulukiolaisista urheilulukion lopussa mainitsi kaksoisuran, eli toiveita ja tavoitteita liittyen sekä urheiluun että koulutukseen tai ammattiin/työhön, vastauksissaan. Naiset raportoivat tilastollisesti merkitsevästi enemmän toiveita ja tavoitteita liittyen koulutukseen ja kaksoisuraan, sekä tilastollisesti merkitsevästi vähemmän toiveita ja tavoitteita liittyen urheiluun. Lisäksi miehet raportoivat tilastollisesti merkitsevästi useammin, etteivät tiedä tulevaisuuden toiveita ja tavoitteitaan. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella tarvitaan lisää tutkimusta urheilulukiolaisten tulevaisuuteen suuntautuneista toiveista ja tavoitteista, jotta voitaisiin paremmin tukea kestäviä kaksoisurapolkuja.
Characteristics of C and N Accumulation in Infertile Red Soil Under Different Rotation Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A long-term experiment was conducted at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate the characteristics of material cycling and C, N accumulation in infertile red soil under different treatments of rotation systems for 11 years. Plant biomass, amount of organic materials returned to the soil, and budget of nitrogen in soil were obviously different under conventional cultivation, coverage by shrubs ( Lespedeza formosa ), rotation of shrubs ( Lespedeza formosa ) and crops (PeanutBuckwheat). Rotation of shrubs and crops with a combination of rational fertilization would be 75 - 100% of biomass and a similar amount of organic materials returned to the soil compared with that under coverage shrubs, more input than output of nitrogen, high system stability, and increasing crop productivity. With distinct cycling, different treatments of rotation systems influenced discriminatorily soil fertility. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen were respectively less than 7 and 0.6 g kg-1 for conventional cultivation, 9- 11 and 0.6-0.9 g kg-1 for rotation of shrubs and crops, 14 - 16 g kg-1 and more than 1 g kg-1 for coverage by shrubs after 11 years, which represent low, middle and high levels of upland red soil fertility at the current situation. It implied that with cultivation system and fertilization measures, the infertile red soil could have middle to high fertility after about 10 years rational utilization. Comparison of results from different treatments showed that a large loss of organic carbon and nitrogen was caused by soil erosion which resulted in a low level of C and N in upland red soil. It could be suggested that increasing carbon storage in infertile red soil would sequester a great amount of atmospheric CO2 and mitigate the global warming potentially.
HISTORY OF BORROWING WORDS TO CREATE VOCABULARY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS LANGUAGES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

English is one of the most peculiar languages in the world. It is thoroughly confusing and quite difficult to learn for non-natives. The prime reason for this complexity lies in the history of English language. Over the ages, English language has been heavily influenced by numerous languages. In fact, English, as a language by itself, is said to have drawn from several languages in its conception. Invasions, cultural clashes, intellectual advancements, societal changes, colonialism, and globalisation – all have lent towards making the vocabulary of English rich and diverse. The way a language influences English was often determined by the class of people who used it. Languages used by common people influenced the common nouns and words of daily usage, while the language of elites influenced words related to a certain sector or class. Also, the history of the English is quite lengthy (over 1400 years) and the language has witness numerous social changes and cultural clashes over the ages. Due to such all these reasons, several languages have had considerable influence on English language. So that, English is often said to be an amalgamation of multiple languages, rather than a language of its own. The paper focusses on History of languages which were used by a certain sect of people or for a certain purpose influenced words related to only that sector, while having virtually no influence on the rest. These major influences, world-wide colonialism has led to English borrowing and absorbing several words from native languages all around the world.
Measurement Feedback Control of a Class of Nonlinear Systems via Matrix Inequality Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a measurement state feedback controller for a class of nonlinear systems that have uncertain nonlinearity and sensor noise. The new design method based on the matrix inequality approach solves the measurement feedback control problem of a class of nonlinear systems. As a result, the proposed methods using a matrix inequality approach has the flexibility to apply the controller. In addition, the sensor noise can be attenuated for more generalized systems containing uncertain nonlinearities.