jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P1‐186: SUBTLE GENOMIC DNA DAMAGE LEADS TO INCREASE IN AMYLOID‐β(1‐42) LEVELS WITHOUT PRODUCING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. Factors associated with aging contribute majorly to the progression of this disease. Not only extracellular amyloid plaque but intracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) also has vital roles behind shaping the disease before the clinical symptoms appear. In this study the major objective was to correlate the chemistry of an aging cell in vitro and in vivo by introducing a very subtle, tolerable amount of DNA damage in cultured neuron or in animal and to find whether this could in turn increase intracellular and extracellular Aβ level or not. PC12 and SHSY5Y cells were differentiated in presence of NGF (50ng/ml) and Retinoic acid (10μM) for five and seven days respectively. Primary cortical neuron culture from 16-18 days old embryo was also done. Camptothecin (CPT) was streotaxically infused in the cortex of a healthy young rat for in vivo studies. Doses of Camptothecin (CPT) starting from 5nM to 10μM was treated in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells for 24h to identify a window of dose which will not be lethal. It was found that upto 100nM CPT for 24h was not causing significant cell death. A sign of very subtle genomic DNA damage, hyperfused mitochondria and interestingly hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane was observed from 5nM dose itself. There was also an increased expression of complex-V of electron transport chain. Increased Aβ(1-42) level and amyloid precursor protein from 5nM dose of CPT in cultured primary cortical neurons and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells after treatment for 24h was observed. When a very sub-lethal dose of CPT was introduced in vivo inside the cortex of a healthy young rat for 48h it was found that Aβ(1-42) levels were increased in the cortex. Surprisingly there was no increased ROS production under similar condition. Taken together this data suggest that increase of intracellular Aβ(1-42) is a very early stress response of a neuron under very subtle genomic DNA damage. Thus we propose that age related subtle genomic DNA damage may lead to increased Aβ(1-42) production in an apparently healthy looking neuron way before the clinical symptoms appear.
Contribution of Polar Residues of the J-Helix in the 3‘−5‘ Exonuclease Activity of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment):  Q677 Regulates the Removal of Terminal Mismatch

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous structural and biochemical data indicate a participation of the J-helix of Escherichia coli pol I in primer positioning at the polymerase and exonuclease sites. The J-helix contains three polar residues: N675, Q677, and N678. Preliminary characterization of alanine substitutions of these residues showed that only Q677A DNA polymerase has substantially decreased polymerase and increased exonuclease activity. The Q677A enzyme had approximately 2- and approximately 5-fold greater exonuclease activity than the wild type (WT) with mismatched and matched template-primers (TPs), respectively. N675A and N678A DNA polymerases did not differ significantly from the WT in these activities, despite the fact that both residues are seen to interact with the TP in various pol I-DNA complexes. Pre-steady-state kinetic measurements for the exonuclease activity of WT and mutant enzymes indicated nearly identical DNA binding affinity for ssDNA and mismatched TPs. However, with a matched TP, Q677A DNA polymerase exhibited increased exonuclease site affinity. The most important characteristic of Q677A DNA polymerase was its ability to continue cleavage into the matched region of the TP after mismatch excision, in contrast to the WT and other mutant enzymes. The increase in the exonuclease activity of Q677A DNA polymerase was further determined not to be solely due to the weakened binding at the polymerase site, by comparison with another polymerase-defective mutant enzyme, namely, R668A DNA polymerase. These enzymes have significantly decreased DNA binding affinity at the polymerase site, yet the exonuclease activity parameters of R668A DNA polymerase remain similar to those of the WT. These results strongly suggest that participation of Q677 is required for positioning the primer terminus (a) in the polymerase site for continued nucleotide addition and (b) in the 3'-exonuclease site for the controlled removal of mismatched nucleotides.
The dissemination and impacts of deceptive eWOM: a dynamic process perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

To minimise risk, consumers seek out eWOM, recommendations, and reviews from others before making purchasing decisions. However, it is not uncommon to see companies masterminding deceptive eWOM, disguising promotional messages as user-generated product reviews to attract and retain consumers. The extant literature is extremely limited regarding deceptive eWOM and its long-term effects. Ours is the first longitudinal study to examine consumers’ belief and attitude changes in the context of deceptive eWOM. This study found that, in a herding situation, deceptive eWOM can strongly influence changes in consumers’ beliefs and attitudes, whether in the early phase or mainstream phase, at the pre-adoption stage. If deceptive eWOM emerges earlier, it has a more powerful influence later. At the post-adoption stage, once they have used it, consumers may change their evaluations of a new product. However, this new evaluation is still subject to the initial anchoring effect brought by deceptive eWOM. If consumers sense deceptive eWOM and attribute it to a certain responsible party, the anchoring effect will be weakened. These findings provide further knowledge and understanding of the effects of deceptive eWOM, with implications for firms seeking to develop more effective eWOM marketing strategies.
Code for: PolyA Prediction using Logistic Regression Model (LRM) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

PolyA_Predicion_LRM_DNN is a novel method for predicting poly(A) signal (PAS) in human genomic DNA. It first utilizes signal processing transforms (Fourier-based and wavelet-based), statistics and position weight matrix PWM to generate sets of features that can help the poly(A) prediction problem to perform better due to the different aspects that these features offer. Then, it uses deep neural networks DNN and Logistic Regression Model (LRM) to distinguish between true PAS and pseudo PAS efficiently. \nThis repository contains scripts which were used to generate three sets of features, namely: signal processing-based, statistics-based and PWM-based features. Then, we use these features to train and then test the DNN and LRM models.
Short-term memory: Effects of auditory and

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The effects of five variables on short-term memory for letters were stud.ied: Auditory Similarity, Visual Similarity, Presentation Rate, Sequence Length, and Blocks of Trials. Performance varied directly with Presentation Rate and in­ versely with Sequence Length and Auditory Similarity. Per­ formance improved over blocks with high auditory and high visual similarity, and decreased under the low conditions of these variables. The improvement is attributed to learning to ignore redundant cues and attend to dues that permit discrimination. The decrement is attributed to fatigue andlor waning attention. The literature on short-term memory (STM) reveals three types of stimulus similarities that affect per­ formance. Laughery (1963), Sperling (1963), Conrad & Hull (1964), and Wickelgren (1965) have demonstrated that STM is superior for acoustically distinct letters as opposed to acoustically similar letters. Semantic similarity has been shown by Baddeley (1966) to degrade performance in STM. Hintzman (1965) has argued that kinesthetic similarity also has deleterious effects. While Sperling (1963) and Rudov (1966) have ex­ plored the role of visual information storage and retrieval for a task involving very-short-term memory (VSTM) , no evidence exists to demonstrate the role of visual similarity in STM. Baddeley attempted to study this effect with words but reported difficulty in separating visual from acoustic similarity. It is felt that letters may be more manageable units to determine effects of visual similarity; hence, the purpose of the present study is to investigate, using letters, the role of visual similarity in STM rela­ tive to the effects of acoustic similarity. Method One hundred and twenty students from an intro­ ductory psychology course participated as Ss. The design was a 2 by 2 by 3 by 2 by 2 factorial. Auditory Similarity, high vs. low, was manipulated as a between­ S variable and consisted of letters that were aurally similar or distinct respectively. Visual Similarity, high vs. low, also a between-S variable, consisted of visually similar or distinct items respectively. Presentation Rate was a between-S variable and in­ cluded three rates: 30, 60, and 120 itemS/min. Sequence Length was manipulated as a within-S variable and included sequences with seven or nine letters. Finally, Blocks of Trials was analyzed by comparing the first 10 trials to Trials 11-20. Four groups of four consonants were selected on the basis of phonemic and visual similarity. The
Current State of the Labor Payroll Management for Diary Farming Workers of Irkutsk Oblast

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Providing the countrys population with domestic food products is one of the basic requirements of the Russian Doctrine of Food Security. This problem is particularly acute in terms of the sanctions introduced against Russia. Suspending the food production decline in the agro-industrial complex sectors requires modernization of production, enforcing all production factors, the main component of which is labor. Increasing the volumes of the manufactured products can be made possible in terms of strengthening the workers material incentives and responsibility. This determines the relevance of this study thematically. The article examines the payroll rate of agricultural workers of Irkutsk Oblast, including the diary farming workers. It reveals the advantages of the farms engaged in milk production, processing and sales of the milk. These enterprises have reached a higher level of labor productivity and remuneration and they are able to maintain an expanded reproduction. The article studies the issues of labor payroll management for diary farming workers on the basis of a tariff system. It brings forth day-time six-category tariff rates to pay for workers labor. In order to improve the labor payroll management for diary farming workers, it offers payment for work on the basis of a non-tariff system.
Vortex Particle-Mesh simulations of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine flows: from the blade aerodynamics to the very far wake

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A Vortex Particle-Mesh (VPM) method with immersed lifting lines has been developed and validated. Based on the vorticity-velocity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations, it combines the advantages of a particle method and of a mesh-based approach. The immersed lifting lines handle the creation of vorticity from the blade elements and its early development. LES of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) flows are performed. The complex wake development is captured in details and over very long distances: from the blades to the near wake coherent vortices, then through the transitional ones to the fully developed turbulent far wake (beyond 10 rotor diameters). The statistics and topology of the mean flow are studied. The computational sizes also allow insights into the detailed unsteady vortex dynamics, including some unexpected topological flow features.
Organizational stressors and basic psychological needs: The mediating role of athletes' appraisal mechanisms

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article reports the first study to quantitatively examine the relationships between the demands encountered by athletes that are associated with the organization within which they are operating, cognitive appraisals, and basic psychological need experiences. Three hundred and fifteen high‐level British athletes completed a multisection questionnaire which assessed each of the aforementioned constructs. A series of path analyses provided valuable insight into the way in which the three dimensions (ie, frequency, intensity, and duration) of five organizational stressor categories were evaluated by athletes and, in turn, how such threat or challenge appraisals predicted feelings of need satisfaction and need frustration. Moreover, cognitive stress appraisals were found to mediate the relationship between organizational stressors and psychological need experiences. The role of secondary control appraisals was also explored and found to mediate the relationship between primary cognitive appraisals and basic psychological need experiences. Study limitations, proposed future research directions, and the implications of the findings for applied practitioners are discussed.
The Economic History of Tropical Africa. Edited by Z. A. and J. M. Konczacki. London: Cass, 1977. Vol. I, The Pre-Colonial Period. Pp. xii+310. £9.95. Vol. II, The Colonial Period. Pp. 260. £11.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Economic History of Tropical Africa. Edited by Z. A. and J. M. Konczacki. London: Cass, 1977. Vol. I, The Pre-Colonial Period. Pp. xii+310. £9.95. Vol. II, The Colonial Period. Pp. 260. £11. - Volume 19 Issue 2
Exploring musical interaction between a teacher and pupil, and her evolving musicality, using a music-theoretical approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the context of a single case study, this paper explores the musical interaction between a pupil and teacher, and the pupil’s evolving musicality, using the music-theoretical approach to the cognition of musical structure set out by Ockelford (2002, 2004, 2005a, 2005b, 2006a) – ‘zygonic theory’. The object of the study is a vocal improvisation by ‘K’, a 4 1⁄2 -year-old girl with septo-optic dysplasia,i which was previously videoed and transcribed (see Ockelford, Pring, Welch & Treffert, 2005; Ockelford, 2006b). The improvisation was initially led and then accompanied on the piano by the author (‘AO’), who at the time was K’s music teacher. The musical relationships that are identified between various elements within and beyond K’s improvisation provide, it is argued, a unique insight into her evolving musicality and may even serve as proxy measures of her social interaction in the context of music-making. It is hoped that the analytical techniques set out in the course of the paper may have wider relevance in educational and therapeutic contexts that use music as a medium of communication and socialisation.
[Mutational analysis and prenatal diagnosis of TMPRSS3 gene in two Chinese families affected with deafness].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To detect potential mutations in two Chinese families affected with deafness, so as provide prenatal diagnosis for them. Methods: Two Chinese families affected with deafness were identified at the genetic and prenatal diagnosis center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2018 to December 2018.Mutation analyses were carried out by next generation sequencing (NGS),suspected mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing in the probands, unaffected relatives. Prenatal diagnosis for high-risk fetus were carried out through Sanger sequencing. Results: The proband of family 1 carried a c.432delA and a c.617-2_617-1insTC mutation of the TMPRSS3 gene, the proband of family 2 carried a c.271C>T(p.R91X) and a c.147dupTmutation ofthe TMPRSS3 gene, both parents of the two probands were carriers of heterozygous variants. Conclusions: Mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene are the suspected cause of deafness in two families. Application of next generation sequencing technologies make gene diagnosis of deafness efficiently and accurately and the molecular findings increase our understanding of the function of TMPRSS3 gene and enrich the human gene mutation database. It is helpful for recurrent genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for these families.
Star Clusters Across Cosmic Time

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Star clusters stand at the intersection of much of modern astrophysics: the ISM, gravitational dynamics, stellar evolution, and cosmology. Here, we review observations and theoretical models for the formation, evolution, and eventual disruption of star clusters. Current literature suggests a picture of this life cycle including the following several phases: ▪ Clusters form in hierarchically structured, accreting molecular clouds that convert gas into stars at a low rate per dynamical time until feedback disperses the gas. ▪ The densest parts of the hierarchy resist gas removal long enough to reach high star-formation efficiency, becoming dynamically relaxed and well mixed. These remain bound after gas removal. ▪ In the first ∼100 Myr after gas removal, clusters disperse moderately fast, through a combination of mass loss and tidal shocks by dense molecular structures in the star-forming environment. ▪ After ∼100 Myr, clusters lose mass via two-body relaxation and shocks by giant molecular clouds, processes that preferentially affect low-mass clusters and cause a turnover in the cluster mass function to appear on ∼1–10-Gyr timescales. ▪ Even after dispersal, some clusters remain coherent and thus detectable in chemical or action space for multiple galactic orbits. In the next decade, a new generation of space– and adaptive optics–assisted ground-based telescopes will enable us to test and refine this picture.
Mechanism of cyclosporin-induced tolerance to primarily vascularized allografts in miniature swine. Effect of administration of exogenous IL-2.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Indefinite tolerance to kidney allografts across a two-haplotype class I disparity can be induced in miniature swine in 100% of cases by a short course of cyclosporin A (CyA). Without CyA, all recipients reject kidney allografts within 2 wk. These animals therefore provide a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of induction and maintenance of tolerance in a large animal model. Previous studies of cellular and humoral immunity suggested that a T cell help deficit at the time of the first exposure of the host's immune system to alloantigens was involved in tolerance induction. We have now studied the effect of exogenous T cell help in the form of an IL-2 infusion during both the induction and maintenance phases of tolerance. Lymphoid infiltrates were seen in class I mismatched renal allografts by day 8 in all animals whether treated with CyA or not. Administration of i.v. IL-2 on postoperative days 8, 9, and 10 to animals receiving the full CyA tolerizing regimen led to acute rejection in four of four animals. These rejecting animals showed induction of IL-2R expression on graft infiltrating cells in the kidney, suggesting that the infiltrates present before IL-2 administration were capable of causing rejection once T cell help was provided. Treatment with IL-2 did not abrogate long-term tolerance. Thus, limitation of T cell help at the time of first exposure to Ag in this model appears to be required to prevent rejection during the time required for active tolerance to develop. Once established, this tolerance does not appear to require continuous limitation of T cell help to be maintained, suggesting loss, inactivation, or suppression of the cells capable of causing rejection.
A Close Look at Proteins: Submolecular Resolution of Two- and Three-Dimensionally Folded Cytochrome c at Surfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Imaging of individual protein molecules at the single amino acid level has so far not been possible due to the incompatibility of proteins with the vacuum environment necessary for high-resolution scanning probe microscopy. Here we demonstrate electrospray ion beam deposition of selectively folded and unfolded cytochrome c protein ions on atomically defined solid surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum (10(-10) mbar) and achieve unprecedented resolution with scanning tunneling microscopy. On the surface folded proteins are found to retain their three-dimensional structure. Unfolded proteins are observed as extended polymer strands displaying submolecular features with resolution at the amino acid level. On weakly interacting surfaces, unfolded proteins refold into flat, irregular patches composed of individual molecules. This suggests the possibility of two-dimensionally confined folding of peptides of an appropriate sequence into regular two-dimensional structures as a new approach toward functional molecular surface coatings.
Optimal citric acid concentration for dentinal demineralization.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A number of acids have been shown to have a peak concentration above which the rate of enamel demineralization diminishes. Citric acid, used to demineralize dentin in periodontal regenerative procedures, is one such acid. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if there were an optimal concentration of citric acid with which to demineralize dentin. Various concentrations of citric acid were applied to bovine dentin and then examined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure the amount of calcium dissolved in each concentration. The ppm calcium/% citric acid solution rose from 0.38 +/- 0.38 ppm/0% (control) to a peak of 7.54 +/- 2.26 ppm/24%, then fell to 2.43 +/- 0.59 ppm/80%, suggesting that there may be a peak concentration beyond which effective dentinal demineralization diminishes. The peak solution was pH = 1.42.
Leader-Following Tracking Control of Discrete-Time Uncertain Nonlinear MASs With Parametric and Nonparametric State Couplings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Different from the existing studies, this brief first studies the leader-following tracking control of discrete-time uncertain nonlinear MASs with parametric and nonparametric state couplings. In the given MASs, except for parametric uncertainties, the dynamic equations contain nonparametric uncertainties and unknown control gains, and there are strong uncertain couplings among these agents. The topological structure under consideration is indicated by a digraph. In this brief, the semi-parametric adaptive control methods are applied to synchronize nonlinear MASs for leader-following problem. Rigorous mathematical proofs are given, and their effectiveness is illustrated from simulation results.