jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The synergistic effect of deuterium and helium on the microstructure evolution of W–Y2O3 material during plasma exposure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study presents a systematic investigation of the synergistic effect of deuterium and helium on the microstructural evolution of W–Y 2 O 3 material during plasma exposure. The effect of single D/He and sequential D/He, He/D plasma exposure on the stability of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles and the microstructural evolution of the W matrix were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Y 2 O 3 particles undergo a significant size change during plasma exposure, and this process was significantly influenced by the synergistic effects of hydrogen and helium. The size evolution of Y 2 O 3 particles is controlled by three mechanisms: the etching-controlled process at the initial stage, followed by deposition-controlled process or mixed-controlled processes. Interestingly, the fuzz structure on the surface of Y 2 O 3 particles is proved to be W instead of Y 2 O 3 , which results from the deposition during plasma exposure. Significant synergistic effects of deuterium and helium were observed, in which the strong combination of H and He-vacancy composites suppressed the bubble formation and growth, leading to a different evolutionary dynamic.
Temperature effect on the breadth of powder pattern reflections

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general method is developed for calculating the temperature diffuse intensity for cubic powder patterns. The method is applied to the pattern of an f.c.c. crystal containing 1012 atoms. The effect of temperature vibration is a spreading out at the base of the peak. In terms of the integral breadth, there is an increase which may be of the order of several percent. But the main part of the peak is essentially unaltered, and the increase does not relate to what is generally measured as a breadth. The usual observation is better represented by the breadth at half maximum intensity, and for this quantity there is an increase of less than 0.07% for 2M = 1.0 and less than 0.17% for 2M = 2.0. It is concluded that a real temperature broadening of powder pattern peaks will always be too small to be of importance, or to be experimentally observable.
Quinidine-induced Syncope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

American surgeon and his family on three months' " holiday."Although he worked as hard as the rest of us, he thoroughly enjoyed the change of surroundings and the stimulus of new problems which he found, and he insisted that it was worth every dollar he had spent.When he worked out the cost, he discovered that it was equivalent to the price of a new Cadillac.I doubt if it can always be done for that price, but if we can persuade some British doctors to do likewise their contribution towards meeting Africa's need would be worth incalculably more than the cost of a new Rolls.Those of us working in Africa are constantly aware of the danger of our medicine becoming rusty.This has to be balanced against what we are actually achieving.It seems precious little at times in the chaos of trying to be all things to all patients.These things cannot be measured in academic terms, but short-term working visits by sympathetic doctors from "overdeveloped " countries would do a great deal to revive our drooping spirits and keep alight the flickering academic light.Just to have someone with whom to talk shop means more than will be appreciated by those plagued with a surfeit of medical meetings.-Iam, etc.,
Supplementary Material for: CHA2DS2-VASc Score as a Predictor of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Recognition of high-risk patients is important and could lead to a different approach and better treatment. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was originally used to predict cerebral infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is also a useful predictor of outcome in other cardiovascular conditions, independent of AF. Therefore, the aim of our research was to assess the role of CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Methods: Stable nondialysis CKD patients were included. At the time of inclusion, medical history data and standard blood results were collected and CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated. Patients were followed till the same end date, until kidney transplantation or until their death. Results: Eighty-seven CKD patients were included (60.3 ± 12.8 years, 66% male). Mean follow-up time was 1,696.5 ± 564.6 days. During the follow-up, 21 patients died and 11 because of cardiovascular reasons. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that CHA2DS2-VASc score is a significant predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, in which CHA2DS2-VASc score, serum creatinine, urinary albumin/creatinine, hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and intact parathyroid hormone were included, CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent predictor of cardiovascular (HR: 2.04, CI: 1.20–3.45, p = 0.008) and all-cause mortality (HR: 2.06, CI: 1.43–2.97, p = 0.001). The same was true after adding total cholesterol, triglycerides, and smoking status to both the analyses. Conclusion: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a simple, practical, and quick way to identify the risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CKD patients.
Singular fiber of the Mumford system and rational solutions to the KdV hierarchy

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study the singular isolevel manifold M g (0) of the genus g Mumford system associated to the spectral curve y 2 = x 2 g + 1 . We show that M g (0) is stratified by g + 1 open subvarieties of additive algebraic groups of dimension 0, 1, …, g , and we give an explicit description of M g (0) in terms of the compactification of the generalized Jacobian. As a consequence, we obtain an effective algorithm to compute rational solutions to the genus g Mumford system, which is closely related to rational solutions of the KdV hierarchy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Influence of Timing of Coronary Angiography on Acute Kidney Injury in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in cardiac arrest survivors and associated with adverse outcome. It remains unclear whether the incidence of AKI increases after the post-cardiac arrest administration of contrast for coronary angiography and whether this depends on timing of contrast administration. Aim of this study was to investigate whether early angiography is associated with increased development of AKI compared to deferred angiography in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. Methods : In this retrospective multicenter cohort study we investigated whether early angiography (within 2 h) after OHCA was non-inferior to delayed/no angiography regarding the development of AKI. We used an absolute difference of 5% as the non-inferiority margin. Primary non-inferiority analysis was done by calculating the risk difference with its 90% confidence interval (CI) using a generalized linear model for a binary outcome and the identity link-function. As a sensitivity analysis we repeated the primary analysis using propensity score matching. Results : A total of 2151 patients were included in the study from 2009 until 2018, of which 1062 patients were treated with early coronary angiography and 1089 patients with delayed or no angiography. The proportion that developed AKI after OHCA was 17.8% in the early angiography group and 21.5% in the deferred angiography group. Risk difference was -3.7% with 90% CI ranging from -6.7% to -0.7%, indicating non-inferiority of early angiography at the prespecified margin of 5%. As sensitivity analysis we repeated the primary analysis using propensity score matching, which accordingly showed non-inferiority of early angiography. A multivariable model was built to identify predictors of acute kidney injury. The factors time to return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.15, p<0.001) and baseline creatinine (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, p<0.001) were found to be independently associated with the development of AKI. Conclusions : Although AKI occurred in approximately 20% of OHCA patients, we found that early angiography had an equal AKI incidence as a delayed or no angiography strategy. The present results implicate that it is safe to perform early coronary angiography with respect to the risk of developing AKI after OHCA.
Perspectives on the dynamics of third spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While coworking spaces (CSs) were traditionally viewed as a necessity for self-employed workers and freelancers, we outline how different users have also adopted the concept, even more so during the pandemic. The range of users has now expanded with employees from all sorts of companies who need to balance remote working with their private lives at home. We indicate avenues for future growth, in particular when the use of a CS becomes a lifestyle choice, and present paths for future research on CS users.
Pulsed magnetic stimulation in combination with pneumomassage in the therapy of patients with professional sensorineural hearing loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. There are many methods for treating sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) of the occupational origin, which indicates insufficient effectiveness and an active search for more advanced therapy methods. Objective of the study: to evaluate changes in the state of the central nervous system pathways under the influence of a magnetic field and the long-term period. Materials and Methods. There were treated fifty two aviation workers with SHL of the occupational origin with moderate hearing loss. Pulsed magnetic stimulation (MS) and pneumatic massage of the tympanic membrane were used. Before and after treatment, electroencephalography was performed with the registration of visual and auditory evoked potentials (EP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), psychological testing, and the study of higher mental functions in terms of short-term and delayed verbal memory, attention function. Results. After treatment, there was an improvement in speech intelligibility in 62% of cases, a decrease in the intensity of the tinnitus and head noise in 44% of cases, there was an improvement in the indicators of audiometric research and acumetry data from both sides. There was a statistically significant increase in the α-rhythm, the time of the pulse passing through the central afferent structures increased, the indicators of operative verbal memory, and the productivity of long-term memorization, the volume and stability of attention increased. Conclusion. The effectiveness of pulse MS in treating patients with occupational SHL has been proven. The prospects of using pulsed MS in combination with pneumatic massage in occupational pathology were shown, which was confirmed by positive changes in objective and subjective indicators characterizing the condition of patients immediately after the therapy sessions and a year after treatment.
A feasibility study for ambient intelligence based on Arduino and server structure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes machine learning application in ambient intelligence. The traditional regression analysis in ambient intelligence is based on the mathematical model. While the inductive learning algorithm proposed in this paper is based on big data. The inductive learning algorithm used in ambient intelligence takes the Candidate-Elimination algorithm and Rote-Learner algorithm core ideas as references. Therefore, the output of inductive learning algorithm will be more flexible and accurate than regression analysis. This inductive learning algorithm has been tested in a simple ambient intelligence system based on Arduino and server structure and it performs well.
Seawater flue gas desulfurization: Its technical implications and performance results

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Increasingly, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems are being installed to control sulfur dioxide emissions in power plants utilizing coal or oil. For power plants located on an ocean coast, utilization of seawater from the cooling system of the plant to scrub sulfur dioxide has become a promising and attractive alternative to using other alkaline chemicals, such as limestone and magnesium hydroxide. Sulfur dioxide is absorbed and subsequently oxidized to sulfate, which is a native constituent of seawater. Prior to discharge, the acidified seawater effluent undergoes neutralization using the natural alkalinity present in seawater (the carbonate‐related system). Compared to the conventional wet limestone system, the seawater FGD system offers many advantages in terms of process, design, operation and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the technical and environmental aspects of a seawater FGD system. The performance test results of an existing seawater FGD system employed at a 600‐MW e power plant in China are also presented, focusing on the desulfurization efficiency and the seawater effluent quality. Different design configurations for a seawater FGD absorption system are compared.
Image_6_Identifying α-KG-dependent prognostic signature for lower-grade glioma based on transcriptome profiles.tif

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>The inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases is thought to contribute to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation-derived malignancy. Herein, we aim to thoroughly investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of genes encoding α-KG-dependent enzymes for lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients. In this retrospective study, a total of 775 LGG patients were enrolled. The generalized linear model, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression, and nomogram were applied to identify the enzyme-based signature. With the use of gene set enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology, the probable molecular abnormalities underlying high-risk patients were investigated. By comprehensively analyzing mRNA data, we observed that 41 genes were differentially expressed between IDH<sup>MUT</sup> and IDH<sup>WT</sup> LGG patients. A risk signature comprising 10 genes, which could divide samples into high- and low-risk groups of distinct prognoses, was developed and independently validated. This enzyme-based signature was indicative of a more malignant phenotype. The nomogram model incorporating the risk signature, molecular biomarkers, and clinicopathological parameters proved the incremental utility of the α-KG-dependent signature by achieving a more accurate prediction impact. Our study demonstrates that the α-KG-dependent enzyme-encoding genes were differentially expressed in relation to the IDH phenotype and may serve as a promising indicator for clinical outcomes of LGG patients.</p>
A Phenotypic Screen for Functional Mutants of Human Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are RNA-editing enzymes responsible for the conversion of adenosine to inosine at specific locations in cellular RNAs. ADAR1 and ADAR2 are two members of the family that have been shown to be catalytically active. Earlier, we reported a phenotypic screen for the study of human ADAR2 using budding yeast S. cerevisiae as the host system. While this screen has been successfully applied to the study of ADAR2, it failed with ADAR1. Here, we report a new reporter that uses a novel editing substrate and is suitable for the study of ADAR1. We screened plasmid libraries with randomized codons for two important residues in human ADAR1 (G1007 and E1008). The screening results combined with in vitro deamination assays led to the identification of mutants that are more active than the wild type protein. Furthermore, a screen of the ADAR1 E1008X library with a reporter construct bearing an A•G mismatch at the editing site suggests one role for the residue at position 1008 is to sense the identity of the base pairing partner for the editing site adenosine. This work has provided a starting point for future in vitro evolution studies of ADAR1 and led to new insight into ADAR's editing site selectivity.
Real-Time One-Stream Semantic-Guided Refinement Network for RGB-Thermal Salient Object Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Salient Object Detection (SOD) has been widely used in practical applications such as multi-sensor image fusion, remote sensing, and defect detection. Recently, SOD from RGB and Thermal (T) has been rapidly developed due to its robustness to extreme situations like low illumination and occlusion. However, existing methods all utilize a dual-stream encoder, which significantly increases the computation burdens and hinders real-world deployment. To this end, we propose a real-time One-stream Semantic-guided Refinement Network (OSRNet) for RGB-T SOD. Specifically, we firstly fuse the RGB and T via concatenation, addition, and multiplication operations to dig the complementary information between each modality. The efficient early fusion not only facilitates the information exchange between each modality but also avoids the cumbersome dual-stream encoder structure. Then, the light-weight decoder is proposed, making the high-level semantic information filter the low-level noisy features and gradually refine the final prediction. Also, we apply deep supervision to make the training procedure more stable and fast. Due to the early fusion strategy, OSRNet can run at a real-time speed (53-60fps) on a single GPU. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments show our network outperforms eleven state-of-the-art methods in terms of seven evaluation metrics. Our codes have been released at: https://github.com/huofushuo/OSRNet.
MO761: Real-Time Prediction of Intradialytic Hypotension using Machine Learning and Cloud Computing Infrastructure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a frequent complication of chronic hemodialysis that could lead to serious clinical outcomes and can be difficult to predict. We used machine learning (ML) and cloud computing infrastructure to develop and evaluate a model that enables real-time IDH prediction. METHOD Data were analyzed from six dialysis clinics (Fresenius Kidney Care, Waltham, MA, United States) between January 2020 and November 2020. Data included demographic, clinical, treatment and laboratory were obtained from the electronic health record. The intradialytic data such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate and blood flow rate were transferred in real time to Amazon Web Services (AWS, Amazon Web Services, Inc., Seattle, WA, United States) using secure Internet of Things software. Data were randomly divided into model training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. IDH was defined as SBP less than 90 mmHg. A ML tool known as an extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XGBoost) was used. Each time when an intradialytic SBP was measured, the model, which was hosted in AWS, would enable real-time prediction (in less than a minute) of patients who were at risk of IDH within the next 15–75 min. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to measure the model's performance. Shapley values were calculated to derive variables that were considered highly predictive of IDH. RESULTS We obtained data from 42 546 hemodialysis sessions involving 693 patients and 355 693 intradialytic observations. IDH occurred in 17% of the treatments. Our model reasonably predicted IDH, achieving an AUROC of 0.89. Top three predictors of IDH within the next 15–75 min were last intradialytic SBP, IDH rate of the last 10 treatments and mean nadir SBP of the last 10 treatments (Fig. 1). CONCLUSION Our study clearly shows the possibility of predicting IDH within the next 15–75 min using ML and cloud computing infrastructure, it suggests that the tool has the potential to assist clinicians to intervene proactively in patients at risk for IDH in real time.
Impact of Electronic Voting Machines on Blank Votes and Null Votes in Brazilian Elections in 1998

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Electronic voting machines were used for the first time in general elections in Brazil in 1998; in that year, some cities used this new voting method, while others continued to vote using paper ballots. Few studies have demonstrated that the rate of invalid votes for federal deputy was significantly lower in cities that used electronic voting machines. This article analyzes the frequency of null votes and blank votes for four posts—federal deputy, state deputy, the president and governor. Based on a comparison of the results from the 1998 elections with the results from previous elections (1994), the article demonstrates that electronic voting machines reduced the percentage of blank votes for federal deputy, state deputies, the president and governor. Meanwhile, null votes reduced the competition for the posts of federal deputy and state deputy; however, it increased the competition for posts with greater visibility in the Brazilian political system: the governor and president.
Raman and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering of 3-Hydroxyflavone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Normal Raman (NR) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) have been measured. The SERS spectra are obtained both on an electrode surface and on Ag colloid. Spectral bands are assigned using DFT calculations for the NR, SERS, and FTIR spectra. The IR, normal Raman, and SERS results are compared and in conjunction with a DFT calculation are used to interpret the low-frequency carbonyl stretching vibration in 3-HF. The experimental results support the DFT geometry calculations, which show that an adatom site at the vertex of Ag20 cluster binding with the 3-HF molecular plane tilted at an angle of about 53° to the surface is a low-energy structure. This is consistent with the enhancement of in-plane vibrational modes.