jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Snowy Plover Activity in the Central Platte River Valley in May 2019

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During five of eight site visits between 14 and 27 May 2019 we detected up to four Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) near Mormon Island, Hall County, Nebraska, and recorded their behavior using an instantaneous scan sampling approach. We recorded loafing (47%), foraging (43%), mating (4%), flying (4%), and external threat (1%) related behavior. Most notably, we documented a copulation event on 23 May. During the 10-day span from 14 to 23 May when Snowy Plovers were detected, river stage and discharge were near median levels, but from 23 to 27 May river discharge more than doubled and gage height increased by over 20%. This resulted in sandbar habitat becoming submerged and the Snowy Plovers vacating the site. This observation illustrates how wide variation in late spring flows can preclude potential breeding by ground nesting waterbirds in the CPRV given the current limited availability of unvegetated sandbars significantly exceeding flood stage. This represents a notable late-spring stay length in the CPRV with behavior suggestive of the potential for local breeding.
A Markov Chain Algorithm for Eulerian Orientations of Planar Triangular Graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

On the set of Eulerian orientations of a planar Eulerian graph a natural Markov chain is defined and is shown to converge to the uniform distribution. For the class of planar triangular graphs this chain is proved to be rapidly mixing. The proof uses the path coupling technique of Bubley and Dyer (1997) and the comparison result of Randall and Tetali (1998). For the class of planar triangular graphs our result improves essentially the mixing rate result from Mi-hail and Winkler (1996) for general Eulerian graphs. As consequence we obtain a faster polynomial randomized approximation scheme for counting the number of Euler orientations.
Management of Land Owned by the Village Government for Improving Community Welfare: The Maqashid Syariah Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tourism village was one of the factors that can move the economy of the village community. This study aims to determine the management of village land used as agro-tourism land, and its impact on improving the welfare of the people of Kebaron Village, Krembung District, Sidoarjo Regency. This research was qualitative method with a case study research approach. The result found that village land which was managed for guava picking agro-tourism by using lease transactions. The impact of this agro-tourism is that the community experiences an increase in welfare, because it provides a place for the community to work, increase community income, make village land productive and improve village facilities. To measure welfare, the maqashid sharia indicator is used, so that welfare is measured in 5 things, namely: Hifdz Ad-Din, Hifdz An-Nafs, Hifdz Al-Aql, Hifdz An-Nasl, Hifdz Al-Mal. This research was expected to contribute to the management of agro-tourism land and the welfare of tourism industries in indonesia.
Perfluoroalkyl-philic Character of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether)-block-poly[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl vinyl ether] Micelles in Water:  Selective Solubilization of Perfluorinated Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two types of amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether)-block-poly[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl vinyl ether] (poly(HOVE-b-TFEOVE)) (m:n = 78:23) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether)-block-poly(n-butyl vinyl ether) (poly(HOVE-b-NBVE)) (m:n = 74:23), having the same ratios of polymerization degree in hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments with the same total chain length were synthesized, and the properties of their aqueous solutions were investigated, where m and n represent number-averaged polymerization degree of HOVE and TFEOVE or NBVE, respectively. By water surface tension measurements, the critical micelle concentrations (cmc's) of poly(HOVE-b-TFEOVE) and poly(HOVE-b-NBVE) were both estimated at 1.0 × 10-4 mol/L. Solubilization of various fluoro and non-fluoro compounds using these polymer aqueous solutions was examined. It was confirmed that poly(HOVE-b-TFEOVE) solubilized more decafluorobiphenyl than did poly(HOVE-b-NBVE), whereas poly(HOVE-b-NBVE) solubilized more 2,6-dimethylna...
İlköğretim matematik öğretmen adaylarının matematiksel problem çözmedekullandıkları stratejilerin incelenmesi.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prospective elementary mathematics teachers’ use of strategies and their achievement levels in solving mathematical problems with respect to year level. The data were collected from 250 prospective elementary mathematics teachers enrolled in an elementary mathematics education program from a state university in Central Anatolian Region. Problem Solving Test (PST) was used to accomplish the purpose of the study. The data collection tool adapted by the researcher included nine open ended problems. In this study, item based in-depth analysis was employed to determine a variety of problem solving strategies used by prospective teachers.The frequencies and percentages of categories were gathered for each item and for each year level. The results of this study revealed that prospective elementary mathematics teachers’ problem solving achievement was moderately high. Prospective elementary mathematics teachers in each year level were able to use various problem solving strategies to a certain extent. More specifically, the results indicated that ‘making a drawing’ and ‘intelligent guessing and testing’ strategies were among the most prominent strategies frequently used by prospective teachers. Setting up an equation and using a formula was other strategies used by prospective teachers. On the other hand, finding a pattern strategy was the least frequent strategy used by prospective teachers.
Breakthrough Disseminated Aspergillus ustus Infection in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Receiving Voriconazole or Caspofungin Prophylaxis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aspergillus ustus is an uncommon clinical species which is poorly susceptible to antifungals. We report two cases of A. ustus infections that occurred in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients while they were receiving either voriconazole or caspofungin. Prolonged use of these new antifungal agents may increase the risk of the emergence of resistant organisms.
Robotic surgery in urology: a narrative review from the beginning to the single-site

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Robotic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that is becoming increasingly popular in surgery and especially in urology. More and more major urological interventions, such as radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomies, are evolving into laparoscopic and robotic minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery itself is constantly evolving in order to improve its performance and minimally invasiveness. A non-systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed/Medline electronic search engine using the following terms: “robotic surgery” or “development of robotic surgery” or “single site surgery” or “single port surgery”. Although it is a very recent technology, some preliminary experiences have been presented in the literature that document the feasibility of some major urological interventions, including radical prostatectomies, radical cystectomy, partial nephrectomy and ureterocystoneostomy. Long-term oncological and functional outcomes are not yet available and require more follow-up. Anyway, the single-port robotic system has proved feasible and safe, although in small cases series. Re-evaluating the development of robotic surgery, with each innovation, it aroused great enthusiasm, leading to a great diffusion of the method before having randomized clinical trials that confirmed the effective improvement of the technique compared to the gold standard. The urological community should not miss the second chance to be able to evaluate an emerging technique based on comparative clinical studies.
Improved Algorithms for Weighted 3-Set Packing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Packing problems form an important class of NP-hard problems. In order to solve the weighted 3-set packing problem, this paper converts the problem to the weighted 3-set packing augmentation problem, and mainly works on how to construct a maximum weighted (k+1)-packing based on a maximum weighted k-packing. This paper gives a theoretical study on the structure of the problem and presents a deterministic algorithm of time O*(10.63k) with color-coding, which significantly improves the previous best result O*(12.83k). After further analyzing the structure of the problem and based on the set dividing method, the above result can be further reduced to O*(7.563k).
Studies on a New Virus (OMV) from Oncorhynchus mason-II.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Among survivors of experimental infection of herpesvirus OMV which was considered to be a new viral pathogen of salmonids producing hepatic necrosis and significant mortality, more than 60% developed tumors. The perioral maxillary and mandibular region are the most frequent site of tumor formation. In decreasing order of frequency, tumors were also found on the caudal fin, gill-cover, eye, and kidney.Histopathologically the tumors were composed of abundantly proliferative, well differentiated epithelial cells supported by fine connective tissue stroma.Although virus particles were not observed in tumor cells, OMV isolation was successful from a tumor tissue sample that appeared necrotic on day 275 postinfection and from primary cultures of a tumor tissue from another fish sampled 296 days postinfection.From the evidence thus far obtained, OMV is considered to be a new pathogenic and oncogenic salmon virus.It is the first oncogenic agent to be isolated from fish.
DnaJ, A Promising Vaccine Candidate Against Ureaplasma Urealyticum Infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) is an important sexually transmitted pathogen that is responsible for diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis, chorioamnionitis and neonatal respiratory diseases. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria threatens the effective treatment of U. urealyticum infections. Considering this, vaccination could be an efficacious medical intervention to prevent U. urealyticum infection and disease. As a highly conserved molecular chaperone, DnaJ is expressed and upregulated by pathogens soon after infection. Here, we assessed the potential of recombinant DnaJ vaccine in a mouse model and dendritic cells (DCs). Results: The results showed that intramuscular administration of recombinant DnaJ induced robust humoral- and T helper (Th) 1 cell-mediated immune responses and protected against cervical infection, inflammation, and the pathologic sequelae after U. urealyticum infection. Importantly, DnaJ also induced the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), ultimately promoting naïve T-cell differentiation towards the Th1 phenotype. In addition, adoptive immunisation of DnaJ-pulsed BMDCs elicited antigen-specific immunoglobulin G2 antibodies as well as a Th1-biased cellular response in mice. Conclusion: We concluded that DnaJ can be a promising vaccine candidate to control U. urealyticum infections.
Interactive global illumination using fast ray tracing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rasterization hardware provides interactive frame rates for rendering dynamic scenes, but lacks the ability of ray tracing required for efficient global illumination simulation. Existing ray tracing based methods yield high quality renderings but are far too slow for interactive use. We present a new parallel global illumination algorithm that perfectly scales, has minimal preprocessing and communication overhead, applies highly efficient sampling techniques based on randomized quasi-Monte Carlo integration, and benefits from a fast parallel ray tracing implementation by shooting coherent groups of rays. Thus a performance is achieved that allows for applying arbitrary changes to the scene, while simulating global illumination including shadows from area light sources, indirect illumination, specular effects, and caustics at interactive frame rates. Ceasing interaction rapidly provides high quality renderings.
Pulse train frequency demodulation by a muscle-load system

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An important question in motor control is how low-pass filtering by a muscle-load system is divided between the active state process and muscle-load mechanics. The authors obtained the frequency response of a muscle-load system (treated as a single motor unit) using a low-rate pulse-train stimulus. Load acceleration twitches were detected and RMS displacements calculated from power spectra. Frequency response and other mechanical data indicate third-order, linear mechanics, in combination with active state pulses of about 20-ms duration. Comparable results were obtained for an intact muscle-limb system of man, using RMS displacements and surface EMG amplitude ratios obtained at different frequencies of voluntary oscillation.< >
Restoration research actions to address rapid change in drylands: insights from the Colorado Plateau

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid intensification of ecological extremes in response to climate change and human land use is perhaps nowhere more apparent than in drylands, including the semiarid region of the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States. Here, we describe research directions to aid in the restoration of Colorado Plateau ecosystems during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030) that 1) address high levels of heterogeneity 2) explore simultaneous global change drivers 3) are co‐produced with a broad range of partners and 4) center Indigenous ways of knowing. We highlight restoration research efforts led by early career scientists grappling with informing management actions in a region where a rapidly changing climate intersects with historic grazing and continued land use pressures to create novel ecological extremes. We highlight restoration research efforts led by early career researchers grappling with informing management actions in a region where novel ecological extremes are the result of historic grazing, continued land‐use pressures, and a rapidly changing climate.
Electrochemical Capacitance of a Nanoporous Composite of Carbon Nanotubes and Polypyrrole

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work reports the supercapacitive properties of electrochemically grown composite films of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and polypyrrole (PPy), a conducting polymer. Scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the nanoporous three-dimensional arrangement of PPy-coated MWNTs in these films facilitated improved electron and ion transfer relative to pure PPy films. The low-frequency capacitance was measured for films of varying thickness, revealing specific capacitances per mass (Cmass) and geometric area (Carea) as high as 192 F g-1 and 1.0 F cm-2, respectively. Rates of charge and discharge about an order of magnitude faster than similarly prepared pure PPy films were also observed.
CAR-NK Cell Therapy: A Transformative Approach to Overcoming Oncological Challenges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in natural killer (NK) cells for cancer therapy is gaining momentum, marking a significant shift in cancer treatment. This review aims to explore the potential of CAR-NK cell therapy in cancer immunotherapy, providing a fresh perspective. It discusses the innovative approaches in CAR-NK cell design and engineering, particularly targeting refractory or recurrent cancers. By comparing CAR-NK cells with traditional therapies, the review highlights their unique ability to tackle tumor heterogeneity and immune system suppression. Additionally, it explains how novel cytokines and receptors can enhance CAR-NK cell efficacy, specificity, and functionality. The review underscores the advantages of CAR-NK cells, including reduced toxicity, lower cost, and broader accessibility compared to CAR-T cells, along with their potential in treating both blood cancers and solid tumors.
Datasets for tank colour preference and tank aggression displayed by coho salmon kept in closed containment aquaculture systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

100 coho salmon were randomly assigned to groups of 10 and housed in 10 different recirculating aquaculture tanks (tank 1-10). The interior sides and base of each of the experimental tanks were lined with laminated paper varying in pigmentation. Each tank was split into two to provide fish a choice of background colour. Preference tests were conducted between (a) black versus white, light grey, dark grey and patterned tank backgrounds and (b) blue versus white, light grey, dark grey, and black tank backgrounds. The positions of the fish in each tank were video recorded from above. The fish in each tank were recorded for a total of 10 min. Videos were scored at 30-s intervals to determine the number of fish on each side of the tank. Videos were scored continuously for aggressive acts throughout each 10-min trial. Datasets are provided for the black-trial preference tests (number of fish located on the black sides of the tanks for each comparison colour), blue-trial preference tests (number of fish located on the blue sides of the tanks for each comparison colour), and tank aggression (number of aggressive acts occurring on each side of the tanks).
An approach to objective assessment of caries prophylactic measures in a dental health program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In a retrospective survey the mean number of intact proximal surfaces on the first molars of 13‐year‐old children was found to increase from 2.6 to 4.8 following 7 years of a preventive program with fortnightly fluoride mouthrinsings (0.2% NaF). This improvement was significant and corresponded to a reduction of the totally filled surfaces from 30.0 to 16.6. Caries on the proximal surfaces on the first molars was assessed from bite‐wing radiographs. Judged from interexaminer comparisons, the number of filled surfaces was a reliable parameter of the caries prevalence ill 13‐year‐old children. In a group of 54 children aged 13 who participated in the preventive program, the caries experience on the proximal surfaces of the first molars was significantly associated with the total DMFS.
Total Synthesis of (–)-Amphidinolide P

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The convergent enantiocontrolled total synthesis of the 15-membered macrolactone (−)-amphidinolide P is reported. Key transformations\ninclude a Sakurai allylation, a Stille coupling for the formation of a fully functionalized acyclic precursor, and intramolecular transesterification.
Assessing\nEmissions from Pharmaceutical Manufacturing\nBased on Temporal High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents\na nontarget approach to detect discharges from\npharmaceutical production in municipal wastewater treatment plant\n(WWTP) effluents and to estimate their relevance on the total emissions.\nDaily composite samples were collected for 3 months at two WWTPs in\nSwitzerland, measured using liquid chromatography high-resolution\nmass spectrometry, and time series were generated for all features\ndetected. The extent of intensity variation in the time series was\nused to differentiate relatively constant domestic inputs from highly\nfluctuating industrial emissions. We show that an intensity variation\nthreshold of 10 correctly classifies compounds of known origin and\nreveals clear differences between the two WWTPs. At the WWTP receiving\nwastewater from a pharmaceutical manufacturing site, (i) 10 times\nas many potential industrial emissions were detected as compared to\nthe WWTP receiving purely domestic wastewater; (ii) for 11 pharmaceuticals\npeak concentrations, >10 μg/L and up to 214 μg/L were\nquantified, which are clearly above typical municipal wastewater concentrations;\nand (iii) a pharmaceutical not authorized in Switzerland was identified.\nSignatures of potential industrial emissions were even traceable at\nthe downstream Rhine monitoring station at a >4000-fold dilution.\nSeveral of them occurred repeatedly, suggesting that they were linked\nto regular production, not to accidents. Our results demonstrate that\nsmall wastewater volumes from a single industry not only left a clear\nsignature in the effluents of the respective WWTP but also influenced\nthe water quality of one of Europe’s most important river systems.\nOverall, these findings indicate that pharmaceutical production is\na relevant emission source even in highly developed countries with\na strong focus on water quality, such as Switzerland.
Atomistic Nodal Approach: a General Molecular Dynamics Method For Computing Local Thermal Conductance at Atomistic Resolution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Interfacial Thermal Conductance (ITC) is a fundamental property of mate- rials and has particular relevance at the nanoscale. The ITC quanti�es the thermal resistance between materials of dierent compositions or between uids in contact with materials. Furthermore, the ITC determines the rate of cooling/heating of the materi- als and the temperature drop across the interface. Here we propose a method to com- pute local ITCs and temperature drops of nanoparticle- uid interfaces. Our approach resolves the ITC at the atomic level using the atomic coordinates of the nanomaterial as nodes to compute local thermal transport properties. We obtain high-resolution descriptions of the interfacial thermal transport by combining the atomistic nodal ap- proach, computational geometry techniques and \computational farming" using Non- Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics simulations. We illustrate our method by analyzing various nanoparticles as a function of their size and geometry, targeting experimentally relevant structures like capped octagonal rods, cuboctahedrons, decahedrons, rhombic dodecahedrons, cubes, icosahedrons, truncated octahedrons, octahedrons and spheres. We show that the ITC of these very dierent geometries can be accurately described in terms of the local coordination number of the atoms in the nanoparticle surface. Nanoparticle geometries with lower surface coordination numbers feature higher ITCs, and the ITC generally increases with decreasing particle size.