jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interannual changes in folivory and bird insectivory along a natural productivity gradient in northern Patagonian forests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Trophic regulation models suggest that the magnitude of herbivory and predation (top‐down forces) should vary predictably with habitat productivity. Theory also indicates that temporal abiotic variation and within‐trophic level heterogeneity both affect trophic dynamics, but few studies addressed how these factors interact over broad‐scale environmental gradients. Here we document herbivory from leaf‐feeding insects along a natural rainfall/productivity gradient in Nothofagus pumilio forests of northern Patagonia, Argentina, and evaluate the impact of insectivorous birds on foliar damage experienced by tree saplings at each end of the gradient. The study ran over three years (1997–2000) comprising a severe drought (1998–1999), which allowed us to test how climatic events alter top‐down forces. Foliar damage tended to increase towards the xeric, least productive forests. However, we found a predictable change of insect guild prevalence across the forest gradient. Leaf miners accounted for the greater damage recorded in xeric sites, whereas leaf chewers dominated in the more humid and productive forests. Interannual folivory patterns depended strongly on the feeding guild and forest site. Whereas leaf‐miner damage decreased during the drought in xeric sites, chewer damage increased after the drought in the wettest site. Excluding birds did not affect leaf damage from miners, but generally increased chewer herbivory on hydric and xeric forest saplings. Indirect effects elicited by bird exclusion became most significant after the drought, when total folivory levels were higher. Thus, interannual abiotic heterogeneity markedly influenced the amount of folivory and strength of top‐down control observed across the forest gradient. Moreover, our results suggest that spatial turnovers between major feeding guilds may need be considered to predict the dynamics of insect herbivory along environmental gradients.
Empirical Research on Effectiveness of Measurements of Liquidity——Comparative Analysis Based on LOT Family Models and High Frequency Financial Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using the high frequency data from Jan.1st 1997 to Dec.31st 2010,the authors calculate the benchmark liquidity of two dimensions: transaction cost dimension and price impact dimension and also calculate the LOT family liquidity proxies This paper tries to explore how the proxies represent the liquidity benchmarks according to the three performance criteria: the average cross-sectional correlation,time series correlation and root mean square errors.The findings are that the LOT_Y proxy best represents the transaction cost dimension of liquidity,and LOT_S best proxies the price impact dimension of liquidity.From the viewpoint of RMSE,LOT_Y performs best.
BERT-Based Deep Spatial-Temporal Network for Taxi Demand Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Taxi demand prediction plays a significant role in assisting the pre-allocation of taxi resources to avoid mismatches between demand and service, particularly in the era of the sharing economy and autonomous driving. However, most studies have only tried to figure out the complex spatial-temporal pattern of taxi demand from historical taxi demand series, neglecting the intrinsic influences of regional functions, and failing to effectively capture the dynamic long-term periodicity. In this paper, we make two important observations: (1) taxi demand pattern varies significantly between different functional regions; and (2) taxi demand follows a dynamic daily and weekly pattern. To address these two issues, we adopt Points of Interest (POIs) to identify regional functions, and propose a novel BERT-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Network (BDSTN) to model the complex spatial-temporal relations from heterogeneous local and global features. In BDSTN, a Spatiotemporal Pattern Matching module is introduced to capture the complex spatiotemporal pattern of taxi demand while considering its dynamic temporal periodicity, and a Functional Similarity Embedding module is adopted to learn the functional similarity among all regions via POIs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use BERT-based architecture to learn taxi demand patterns, and is also the first to take functional similarity represented by POIs into consideration. Our experimental results on real-world traffic datasets in New York City demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, and that the efficiency of our proposed model is higher than other deep learning methods.
M13 Bacteriophage as a Biological Scaffold for Magnetically-Recoverable Metal Nanowire Catalysts: Combining Specific and Nonspecific Interactions To Design Multifunctional Nanocomposites

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

M13 Bacteriophage as a Biological Scaffold for Magnetically-Recoverable Metal Nanowire Catalysts: Combining Specific and Nonspecific Interactions To Design Multifunctional Nanocomposites
Optical coherence tomography follow-up 18 months after titanium-nitride-oxide-coated versus everolimus-eluting stent implantation in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Inadequate neointimal coverage of stent struts is associated with late stent thrombosis. Purpose To demonstrate the extent of neointimal coverage and strut malapposition in titanium-nitride-oxide-coated bioactive stents (BAS) versus everolimus-eluting stents (EES) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed at 18-month follow-up. Material and Methods In the BASE-ACS trial, 827 patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome were randomized to receive either BAS or EES. Forty patients (20 BAS, 20 EES) underwent OCT at 18-month follow-up for evaluation of stent strut coverage, malapposition, and neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). Primary endpoint was binary stent strut coverage (ratio of covered struts to all analyzed struts multiplied by 100). Co-primary endpoint was the percentage of malapposed struts. Results We analyzed 3465 struts in 330 cross-sections of BAS and 3327 struts in 316 cross-sections of EES. Binary stent strut coverage, based on strut-level analysis, was higher with BAS versus EES (99.5% versus 94.2%, respectively; P < 0.001), the strut-level percentage of malapposed struts was lower with BAS (0.6% versus 2.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Yet, the mean NIH thickness was greater with BAS (237 ± 125 versus 108 ± 62 µm, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion In the current post-hoc analysis with OCT performed at 18 months, binary strut coverage, based on strut-level analysis, was higher with BAS versus EES; strut-level malapposed struts were fewer with BAS; yet, BAS induced thicker NIH.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Metabolism Enzyme(s) by Novel Azolyl Retinoids.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Type and distribution of urban and peri-urban agriculture production systems in Nairobi County, Kenya

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research established the type and distribution of urban and peri-urban agriculture production systems in Nairobi County, Kenya. Results revealed that crops only were grown in Kamukunji district (58.8%) while mixed farming was practiced mainly in Starehe district (39.1%). Multi-storey (42.5%) and moist gardens(25%) were the most common production technologies in urban areas while in the Peri-urban, drip irrigation (23.6%) and multi-storey gardens (25.5%) were the preferred technologies.
[Autosomal dominant polycystosis in the hospital milieu in Dakar (Senegal)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autosomial dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an hereditary affection transmitted in a autosal dominant pattern with variable penetrancy. Diagnosis is based upon ultrasound examination and/or familial history. The authors present a 8 years retrospective hospital study in order to precise the epidemiological and clinico-biological aspects of ADPKD in Dakar. So 23 patients were studied. The mean age at the diagnosis was 46 years. They were 9 men and 14 women (sex ratio 0.64). A past history of familial nephropathy was found in 52.2% of cases. The circumstances of diagnosis were dominated by lombar pain (52.2%) and hypertension (17.4%) but at examination, blood pressure was high in 34.8% and represent the main factor of worsening the disease. Enlargement of kidney was found in 47.8% and hepatomegaly in 13% of cases. Anemia was particularly common 56.5%. The most frequent extra renal manifestation was the liver cysts and occurs mainly in women. National prevalence of ADPKD and the specific gene should be precise in further studies.
Past, Present, Future in Cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Editing is a unique aspect of the cinema for its manipulation of time-past, present and future. Although there is precedent in the novel for time manipulation, the indefinable and elusive immediacy of film (which prevents all but the most disciplined viewers from leaving a bad movie) allows the film artist to go far beyond the boundaries of the written word. Because cinema can distort the three elements of
A Small Hemagglutinating Component in Preparations of Newcastle Disease Virus.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Disproportionate sedimentation in the high speed centrifuge of hemagglutinins and infective principle of Newcastle disease virus in suspensions of infected allantoic membranes has been reported. This suggests the presence in such preparations of two hemagglutinating particles of different sizes; one of these appears to be identical with the infectious principle, the other, smaller one, according to all indications is non-infectious. The specificity of this smaller hemagglutinin has been established by hemagglutination-inhibition tests. The medium in which the virus is suspended apparently does not effect the sedimentation of hemagglutinating capacity. Experiments employing Seitz filtration have been unrevealing.
Accommodation in Oral Proficiency Interviews

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to provide readers with awareness of various usage and potential consequences of convergent accommodation/foreigner talk, used by the examiners, during oral proficiency interviews (OPIs). The focus is placed not only on the different forms of accommodation, but also the strategies and intentions the examiners have in “accommodating, ” together with the reaction and feelings of the interviewees who are being “accommodated.”
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Anastomotic Leak in Rectal Cancer Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

直腸癌術後の縫合不全の危険因子として，男性，腫瘍の位置などの患者因子のほか，吻合部への過度の緊張や血流障害などの手術因子が挙げられる．手術操作においては，特に直腸の切離，吻合部腸管の状態および吻合部のintegrityの確認に細心の注意を払う．メタアナリシスにおいては，低位前方切除術における予防的ストーマは縫合不全の発生頻度と再手術率を有意に減少させる一方で，予防的ドレーンの意義はないとされている1）．縫合不全発生時の対策には，非手術·保存的治療，CTガイド下ドレナージ，stoma造設，ハルトマン手術や吻合部切除再吻合が含まれるが，治療方針は縫合不全の程度，付随する炎症や膿瘍の範囲の評価，および有効なドレナージの有無により決定する．直腸癌手術に際しては，縫合不全発生に関わる因子の充分な評価，手術時における最大限の予防，そして発生時の迅速かつ適切な対応を常に心掛けることが重要である．
DSMC Study of Three-Dimensional Forced Chaotic Flows

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The DSMC method is used to study Couette flow in a rectangular flow region in the presence of an imposed acceleration in the direction normal to the surfaces. The acceleration acts on the molecules and is proportional to the square of the difference between the local macroscopic flow velocity component in the direction of the moving surface and the magnitude of the velocity of the surface. In other words, the imposed force is proportional to the square of the velocity deficit in the flow. The boundaries in the planes normal to this velocity are periodic and the side planes are either periodic or specular boundaries. The flow region may be restricted to a thin layer in either of the planes normal to the surface and the flow is then two‐dimensional. It was found that distinct transverse and longitudinal instability modes exist in the slices and the dependence of these on the Knudsen number were studied. The simultaneous presence of both the transverse and longitudinal modes in the three‐dimensional flow leads to a chaotic flow with strong gradients in all three directions. At the Knudsen numbers for which results were obtained, these three‐dimensional chaotic disturbances were far from homogeneous. It is expected that they will become more homogeneous as the Knudsen number falls and the typical vortex size becomes small in comparison with the height of the flow.
Background subtraction with outlier replacement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A data driven background subtraction algorithm where each background pixel is modeled with a representative set of samples is presented. The samples are pixel values observed in preceding frames. Each pixel in an incoming frame is classified as background or foreground by comparing the pixel value with the samples in pixel's background model. The background model is periodically updated by replacing the most outlying sample in the model with the current pixel value. Techniques for suppressing dynamic background and ghost regions are incorporated in the algorithm. Evaluation tests on a public dataset shows markedly faster ghost suppression and fewer false positives in dynamic background regions, as well as improved overall performance in terms of evaluation metrics, compared to the base method.
The Influence of Financial Literacy and Technology on the Financial Performance of Employees at the Civil Service and Human Resource Development Agency of Talaud Islands Regency

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial literacy and financial technology on the financial performance of employees at the Civil Service and Human Resource Development Agency of Talaud Islands Regency. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data obtained through questionnaires administered to 24 employees as respondents. In this study, the researcher used multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 26. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy has a significant negative effect, while financial technology has a significant positive effect on employee financial performance, and simultaneously, both have a significant effect on employee financial performance. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that financial literacy, which involves financial knowledge without proper management, can reduce employee financial performance.
Application Analysis of Energy Storage Technology for Coal-Fired Combined Heat and Power Generation Under Carbon Peak and Neutrality Goal

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

[Introduction] The goal of "carbon peak and neutrality" will require profound changes in the existing energy structure. Improving the flexible adjustment capabilities of the original coal-fired cogeneration units is one of the essential elements in ensuring the safe grid connection of new energy power. [Method] This paper reviewed the flexible adjustment requirements of the coal-fired cogeneration system, the current status of potential energy storage applications, and the development direction of coupled energy storage technology. [Result] It is concluded that the deep "thermoelectric decoupling" is still the key to improving the coal-burning cogeneration system. Secondly, to meet the "source-charge" matching, energy storage technology will play an essential role in the coal-fired cogeneration system, among which energy storage technology with potential application mainly includes heat storage, electricity storage, and flywheel energy storage. [Conclusion] Finally, according to the application characteristics of coupled energy storage technology for coal-fired cogeneration units, the paper puts forward suggestions on the aging of energy storage performance, absorption of new energy, long-term change of thermal power load in the expansion area, economic analysis of initial investment, and payback period and relevant issues needing attention.
Protein−Carbohydrate Interactions Defining Substrate Specificity in Bacillus 1,3-1,4-β-d-Glucan 4-Glucanohydrolases as Dissected by Mutational Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The carbohydrate-binding site of Bacillus macerans 1,3-1, 4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase has been analyzed through a mutational analysis to probe the role of protein-carbohydrate interactions defining substrate specificity. Amino acid residues involved in substrate binding were proposed on the basis of a modeled enzyme-substrate complex [Hahn, M., Keitel, T., and Heinemann, U. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 232, 849-859]. The effects of the mutations at 15 selected residues on catalysis and binding were determined by steady-state kinetics using a series of chromogenic substrates of different degree of polymerization to assign the individual H-bond and hydrophobic contributions to individual subsites in the binding site cleft. The glucopyranose rings at subsites -III and -II are tightly bound by a number of H-bond interactions to Glu61, Asn24, Tyr92, and Asn180. From k(cat)/K(M) values, single H-bonds account for 1.8-2.2 kcal mol(-)(1) transition-state (TS) stabilization, and a charged H-bond contributes up to 3.5 kcal mol(-)(1). Glu61 forms a bidentated H-bond in subsites -III and -II, and provides up to 6.5 kcal mol(-)(1) TS stabilization. With a disaccharide substrate that fills subsites -I and -II, activation kinetics were observed for the wild-type and mutant enzymes except for mutations on Glu61, pointing to an important role of the bidentate interaction of Glu61 in two subsites. Whereas removal of the hydroxyl group of Tyr121, initially proposed to hydrogen-bond with the 2OH of Glcp-I, has essentially no effect (Y121F mutant), side-chain removal (Y121A mutant) gave a 100-fold reduction in k(cat)/K(M) and a 10-fold lower K(I) value with a competitive inhibitor. In subsite -IV, only a stacking interaction with Tyr22 (0.7 kcal mol(-)(1) TS stabilization) is observed.
Intelligent Suppression of Interferences Based on Retroactive-DQN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to investigate intelligent interference suppression strategies through reinforcement learning. Particularly, the Retroactive-Deep Q Network (R-DQN) is devised as the principle of updating suppression strategies by introducing a backtracking Q value, which links the evaluations in each step of training. At the analysis stage, three interferences, including the Interrupted Sampling Repeater Jamming (ISRJ), the SMeared SPectrugram (SMSP) jamming and repeater jamming, and five suppression methods are considered. Moreover, the selection probabilities of the implementation sequence for interference suppression between the R-DQN and the conventional DQN are compared. Numerical results corroborate the effectiveness and robustness of the considered suppression strategies.
Facilitating Data Integration for Regulatory Submissions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The process of integrating data from multiple clinical trials for regulatory submissions poses many challenges, which is often labor intensive, as well as error prone. Even if the SAS data libraries are supposedly CDISC compliant, the process of integrating the data far exceeds a simple concatenation of data sets. Certainly, the integration process becomes even more intricate involving legacy studies that used different proprietary standards, as well as CDISC. Consequently, there are harmonization issues at both the metadata level and content level. More importantly, effective data integration is critical to the ISS / ISE analysis and the integrity of the submission. This paper explains a reporting tool, implemented as a SAS® macro, that facilitates the data integration process by comparing pair-wise similar data sets at the metadata and content level.
[Limbal transplantation in the treatment of and optic rehabilitation of the patients with severe chemical burns of the eyes].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Described in the paper are the results of observations of the autogenous and allogenic limb transplantation (LT) made in 4 patients at exacerbation of severe and extra severe burns of the eyes and made in 8 patients in the remote period after severe chemical burns (4 months and more after trauma). A total vascularized corneal leukoma shaped up in 3 patients with LT made at exacerbation; an intense corneal opacification was observed in 1 more such patient. As for the patients, who were operated on in the remote period, better corneal properties and significantly improved visual acuity were registered in them. Relapsing corneal conjunctivalization were observed only in 3 cases of allogenic LT. Thus, LT was proven to be an effective tool in the remote visual rehabilitation of patients with severe eye burns, whereas, the procedure made at exacerbation and in cases of acute and extra acute burns with extensive lesions in the conjunctiva is low effective or a failure.
Ecological scales of indicator plants in an industrial region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of a long-term monitoring experiment (26 years) to identify indicator plants and their indices for assessing the state of ecosystems in the industrial region of Eastern Europe – Donbass. Ecological scales are discrete calculated or metric indicators that are important for quantification and examination of anropogenically transformed ecotopes. It is proposed to use four categories of ecological scales with a different mechanism for calculating the indices and different conditions of the experiment: 1) the principle of varying absolute metric parameters, 2) the calculated principle of correspondence of the percentage value; 3) the indices of the survival strategy implementation (vegetative and reproductive success); 4) the frequency of occurrence (or appearance) of characteristic features or the degree of specialization of functional discrete structures. Names of plant species of Donbass are given and their characteristics of variation are indicated in fractional 10-point scales.
Study, Design, and Implementation of VLC With Angular Diversity Receiver for IoT Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents the performance analysis of angular diversity receivers (ADRs) and proposes a novel ADR system for visible light communication (VLC) in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks. The numerical analysis applying the combining techniques indicates that any combination of ADR types and diversity techniques can enhance performance. Therefore, a frustum-type ADR is implemented in the experimental demonstration with the equal gain combining (EGC) for signal-to-noise (SNR) enhancement. The ADR and the transceiver's analog front end (AFE) are designed and prototyped. The proposed ADR system shows a 4 dB increase in received SNR under two access points. The bit error rate (BER) is also improved, and the link coverage is more than doubled. Additionally, to show the feasibility of the IoT application, a real-time sensor network system using the ADR is demonstrated. This experimental duplex system indicates the benefits in a practical scenario by showing packet error rate (PER) and response time.