jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract B28: Baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in midlife predict aggressive prostate cancer in African-American men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels measured in midlife predict future prostate cancer mortality among white men. There are minimal data on whether a baseline PSA in African-American men, who experience the highest incidence and mortality of this disease, predicts future aggressive prostate cancer. Methods: We undertook a nested case-control study among African-American men age 40 to 64 years who gave prediagnostic blood at enrollment in the Southern Community Cohort Study between 2002-2009 and were followed a median of 9 years for cancer incidence and mortality through 2015. Baseline total and free PSA levels were available for 197 prostate cancer cases (55 aggressive cases, Gleason ≥4+3=7, AJCC Stage III or IV, or cancer-specific death) and 569 age-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between baseline PSA levels and risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer. Results: Median PSA among controls was 0.72, 0.80, 0.94, and 1.03 ng/mL for men aged 40 to 49, 50 to 54, 55 to 59, and 60 to 64 years, respectively. Relative risk of total prostate cancer was strongly associated with baseline PSA levels in midlife: ORs (95% CIs) comparing PSA levels in the &gt;90th percentile vs. ≤median were 93.7 (22.5-390) at 40 to 54 years and 77.0 (24.9-238) at 55 to 64 years. Risk of aggressive prostate cancer was also strongly associated with baseline PSA levels in midlife: ORs (95% CIs) comparing PSA levels in the &gt;90th percentile vs. ≤median were 80.8 (14.7 to infinity) at 40-54 years Citation Format: Mark Preston, Travis Gerke, Sigrid V. Carlsson, Lisa Signorello, Daniel D. Sjoberg, Sarah C. Markt, Adam S. Kibel, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Mark Steinwandel, William Blot, Andrew J. Vickers, Hans Lilja, Lorelei A. Mucci, Kathryn M. Wilson. Baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in midlife predict aggressive prostate cancer in African-American men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Symmetry–Binding Correlations of Crown Ether Complexes with Li+ and Na+

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The gas-phase structure of 18-crown-6 in the presence of Li+ and Na+ cations is highly flexible and generally distorted. Using density functional theory calculations, natural bond orbital analysis, and symmetry measures, we reveal the driving forces behind the structural and energy trends of 18-crown-6 and its phenyl substituents. We show that the structural deviation from C 3-symmetry increases with the non-bonded interactions between the occupied spx orbitals of the crowns' oxygen atoms and the unoccupied 2s orbital of the cation. These orbital interactions are strongly correlated with the overall host-guest interaction energy. Our approach highlights the role of non-bonded interactions and paves the way for deeper understanding of structure-reactivity relations of flexible host-guest systems.
VISCOUS DISSIPATION INSTABILITY OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL POROUS CHANNEL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The onset of thermal convection inside a horizontal porous layer is investigated. An Ostwald-de Waele non-Newtonian fluid is saturating the porous layer. The layer is impermeable with an adiabatic lower boundary and an isothermal upper boundary. A horizontal basic flow with uniform velocity and variable direction is imposed. The viscous dissipation contribution is included into the energy balance equation as internal heat source. A linear stability analysis of the basic state is performed employing the normal mode method. The problem is solved for high values of the Péclet number. The set of ordinary differential equations obtained are solved numerically as an eigenvalue problem by employing the Runge-Kutta method coupled with the shooting method. An accuracy test of the numerical solver is reported. The neutral stability curves are obtained for transverse, oblique, and longitudinal rolls. The threshold conditions of the governing parameters for the onset of thermal convection are reported.
Highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic probe based on benzothiazole‐thiosemicarbazone Schiff base for detection of copper (II) in real samples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Copper is the third most abundant essential transition metal ion in the human body. It's responsible for important activities in many living things, but excessive intake of Cu 2+ can lead to a range of diseases. A colorimetric and turn‐off fluorescent probe (E)‐2‐(5‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐(diethylamino)‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐N‐phenylhydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide ( ZTR ) was designed and synthesized by thiosemicarbazone Schiff base as a specific complexes site strategy to achieve highly specific Cu 2+ detection. The fluorescence of the probe ZTR solution fell dramatically when Cu 2+ was added, and its appearance changed from dazzling blue to nearly colorless. The simple structure and readily available fluorescent probe provide a novel approach for the quantitative detection of Cu 2+ in the linear range from 0 to 0.12 μM, with a detection limit down to 16 nM, and with high selectivity for Cu 2+ over 15 other metal ions. Job’s plot analysis showed that probe ZTR and Cu 2+ formed a 1:1 coordination complex. In addition, because of its low detection limits and fast response time, the created fluorescent molecule was effectively used to study the target ions on test paper strips and in water samples.))
P18.13: Does ultrasound guided fertiloscopy make it safer?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fertiloscopy as a minimally invasive safe procedure that may be considered as an alternative to diagnostic laparoscopy in the routine assessment of women without clinical or ultrasound evidence of pelvic disease. On the basis of the additional advantages of fertiloscopy, namely salpingoscopy or microsalpingoscopy, it is considered that fertiloscopy could replace laparoscopy as a routine procedure in such women. (1). However there are concerns regarding the approach causing possible bowel damage. Although studies seem to show this is not the case (2) it has been a stumbling block in accepting this procedure in favor of laparoscopy. The authors performed the entire procedure under ultrasound guidance. The aspects of particular interest were introduction of the verres needle, fertiloscope applicator and fertiloscope along with the examination of the uterus, tubes and ovaries. There is a theoretical possibility that at the time introducing the verres needle damage may take place. By observing the entire entry procedure by ultrasound the risk is minimized and if not completely eliminated. The authors feel this is the first time fertiloscopy is performed under ultrasound guidance. Ultrasound guided operative technique may have a wider application which needs exploration. Watrelot A, Nisolle M, Chelli H, Hocke C, Rongieres C, Racinet C; International Group for Fertiloscopy Evaluation. Is laparoscopy still the gold standard in infertility assessment? A comparison of fertiloscopy versus laparoscopy in infertility. Hum Reprod. 2003 Apr; 18 (4):834-9. Gordts S, Watrelot A, Campo R, Brosens I. Risk and outcome of bowel injury during transvaginal pelvic endoscopy. Fertil Steril. 2001 Dec; 76 (6):1238–41.
Restorative and Periodontal Challenges in Adults with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Oral manifestations of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) include blistering of the oral mucosa, scarring, limited mouth opening, decreased mobility of the tongue, restrictions in oral functions and a high incidence of caries. Adult oral health management is challenging and requires unique strategies, which have not been well described in the published literature. We present a case of DEB focusing on the obstacles encountered during restorative and periodontal care and recommendations for appropriate treatment.
Greening our future: cultural policy and the ecological imperative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What is it exactly about the quest to ‘green' the performing arts that so fundamentally challenges the sector’s modi operandi? A sense of urgency around climate change and ecological degradation is informing profound changes in the way the arts field sees itself and slowly inducing a discussion on the sustainability of its working practices. However, despite the undeniable planetary emergency, the lumping together of environmental issues and cultural policy and management frameworks remains complex and controversial, especially if considered from the perspective of the European semi-peripheries. By exploring the preliminary results of a nation-wide inquiry among 140 performing arts regularly funded organisations based in Portugal, this paper discusses the implications of the overarching challenge of environmental sustainability for cultural policymaking and arts management, seeking to contribute to a more nuanced and context-sensitive understanding of the ‘green transition’.
Strategies for Improving the Effectiveness of English Translation Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Data Mining

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract At present, most vocational colleges have set up English majors accordingly, and translation is a compulsory course for English majors. Although some concrete measures have been taken to implement the teaching mode and method of translation teaching, there are still some problems in the practice of translation teaching. Higher vocational students have some misunderstandings in English translation, which requires teachers to improve teaching methods and promote students’ initiative to participate in teaching. How to change the position of translation teaching in higher vocational English teaching and improve the level of English translation teaching is a hot issue for all English teachers. Based on an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of English translation teaching in higher vocational colleges, this paper expounds in detail the strategies for improving the effectiveness of English translation teaching in higher vocational colleges based on data mining.
Spongious Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Mutations in the Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain 1 Gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy is a novel X-linked myopathy caused by mutations in the four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 gene (FHL1). Cardiac involvement was suspected in initial publications. We now systematically analyzed the association of the FHL1 genotype with the cardiac phenotype to establish a potential cardiac involvement in the disease. Methods and Results— Seventeen male patients and 23 female mutation carriers were compared with healthy controls. Every patient underwent a comprehensive clinical and cardiovascular workup. ECG abnormalities occurred frequently in affected males and were less frequent in heterozygous females. Both male and female mutation carriers had increased myocardial mass (affected males=115.1±25.3 g/m 2 ; heterozygous females=95.1±19.6 g/m 2 ; controls=89.0±15.6 g/m 2 and 72.6±12.6 g/m 2 ; respectively) with increased wall thickness (typically midventricular and apical segments) mainly in affected males. Longitudinal systolic function was reduced in affected males (radial systolic strain: affected males=24.6±11.8%; male controls=43.2±14.8%; P =0.002). Diastolic dysfunction occurred in both affected males and heterozygous females. Cardiac MRI revealed a morphological hallmark of X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy; a characteristic spongious structure and replacement fibrosis indicated by late enhancement could be detected in most affected males. X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy was associated with reduced exercise capacity in affected males but not in heterozygous female mutation carriers. Conclusions— X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy patients consistently showed electrical, functional, and characteristic morphological cardiac abnormalities that translate into reduced exercise capacity. Reduced systolic and diastolic function is associated with a novel type of spongious hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An unexpected finding was that some cardiac abnormalities were also present in heterozygous female mutation carriers.
Adult Intestinal Malrotation: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Midgut malrotation is an anomaly of intestinal rotation which occurs during fetal development and usually presents in the neonatal period. It is rare for malrotation to present in adulthood. We present a case of malrotation in an adult female patient who presented with cramping generalized right abdominal pain and vomiting of one day duration. A computed tomography abdominal scan and upper gastrointestinal contrast studies showed malrotation of the small bowel. The patient was consented for exploratory laparotomy during which typical Ladd’s bands and a distended flabby third and fourth duodenal portion extrinsically obstructing the misplaced duodeno-jejunal junction were recognized. Detorsion of the twisted mesentery, lysis of the bands, appendectomy and a side-to-side duodeno-jejunal anastomosis were performed. Complete resolution of symptoms is noted in a two-year follow-up period.
THE EFFECTS OF NANO PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME EGYPTIAN RICE VARIETIES (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A tow-season field investigation was conducted at The Experimental Farm of RRTC (Rice Research & Training Center), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 to examine the impact of nano phosphatic fertilizer utilization on the performance of four Egyptian rice varieties.The selected tested varieties were Sakha106, Sakha107, Giza177, and Giza179.The phosphorus fertilizer treatments included superphosphate (15% P2O5) as a soil application, nano-phosphorus as a foliar application, superphosphate as a foliar application and control (distilled water).Superphosphate was incorporated into the soil at the rate of 36 kg ha -1 for the first treatment.Nano-phosphorus (1%) and superphosphate (2%) were sprayed at 35 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) for the second and third treatments.The application of phosphorus fertilizers increased the number of tillers per m 2 , the number of branches per panicle, filled grains number per panicle, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha -1 ) and straw yield (t ha -1 ) for al tested rice varieties.Superphosphate soil application and a foliar application of nano phosphorus to Giza 179 surpassed the other plural in terms of grain and straw yields in both seasons.Application of phosphorus as superphosphate or nano-phosphorus enhanced grain quality characteristics as well as nitrogen and phosphorus content in milled grains.
Serving a New Democracy: Must the Media 'Speak Softly'? Learning From South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a fragile democracy emerging from authoritarianism, there tend to be serious disputes over whether media should emphasize their critical role as watchdogs, on the one hand, or their constructive role in development and strengthening the new government's ability to rule effectively, on the other. Is this apparent tension within the dual role of the media as a constructive critic avoidable? Drawing on 20 years of large‐scale survey research in South Africa—as well as recent theories of democracy and transition, and of the normative function of the media—this paper identifies the express needs of populations in democratizing environments, in respect of their media in particular. It maps the dominant ‘mindsets’ of the population by charting their concerns across the axes of protective rights, personal autonomy, and civic belonging. And it identifies the kinds of media that presently reach—and often set the agenda for—these mindset groups. Once a nuanced picture of the social and communicative landscape is in view, it becomes apparent that each mindset group requires a very particular balance from their media—pertaining to content, context, and style. Media that are responsive to these requirements are able to enhance both personal freedom and political effectiveness. Thus the media can be understood and transformed in ways that contribute simultaneously to critical independence and democratic constructiveness, as well as to commercial success.
Fetor Oris and Oral Health Practices among Undergraduate Medical & Dental Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The undergraduate dental and medical students are considered to adopt better oral practices and lifestyle practices. It is important to assess oral health practices of dental and medical students as they are the future health professionals of a country. The present study aims to evaluate bad breath problem among the dental and medical students of a private institute of Karachi, and relate it to their various oral health practices and lifestyle activities. It was a cross sectional study and the data was collected from the 240 undergraduate medical and dental students of a private medical and dental college of Karachi with the help of a questionnaire. However, only 200 forms were adequately filled and returned back with a response rate of 83.33%. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS version 21. It was observed that approximately 15% students complained of bad breath or fetor oris. Medical students were found significantly more concerned about brushing their teeth as compare to dental students (92% Vs 73.5%). It was also observed that only 25% of students flossed their teeth daily although 40-60% of students had history of dental carries. It is concluded that poor oral health practices and lifestyle activities were observed for both the dental and medical students. Hence it is recommended that knowledge and practices regarding self-oral healthcare should be emphasized among these students as they are the role model for their patients and society
Clinical significance of endotoxemia in liver diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM To explore the occurrence and clinical significanceOf endotoxemia in liver diseases.METHODS Plasma endotoxin (ET) level was measured byusing chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, TNF with radioimmunoassay (RIA), fibronectin (Fn)with single immunity diffusion and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity with rate assay in 320 patients withacute, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or severe hepatitis.RESULTS Plasma ET, ALT and TNF contents in patientswith liver diseases were significantly higher than that ofcontrols, whereas Fn contents in patients with liver cirrhosis, severe hepatitis were significantly lower than thatof controls respectively. The incidence rates of endotoxemia in patients with severe hepatitis, liver cirrhosis,chronic hepatitis, acute hepatitis were 93 .3%, 84 .3%,79. 0% and 75. 0%, respectively.CONCLUSION Hepatic cellular injury in patients with liverdiseases may be accelerated by the persistant existenceOf nitestinal endotoxemia, which may play an importantrole in the chronicity and aggregation of acute hepatitis.
Supplementary material to "Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Two-Dimensional Proton NMR Spectroscopy at Low Magnetic Fields"

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

SpectrometerThe ODNP spectrometer used for experiments is shown in Figure S1.Key components of the spectrometer are numbered in the figure : (1) Bridge12 microwave power source (MPS) (2) Kea spectrometer (3) RF amplifier (4) shim and B0 power supplies 10(5) incubator (6) SABR magnet (7) ODNP resonator (8) remote tuning box.The compact system occupies a 24" x 40" x 32" space.Further reduction in space can be achieved by reducing the size of the shim power supplies.Figure S1: ODNP Spectrometer used for measurements.Refer to text for numbered components.
Influence of Sodicity, Clay Mineralogy, Prewetting Rate, and Their Interaction on Aggregate Stability

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sodicity adversely affects soil physical conditions reflected by weak structural stability. Soil clay mineralogy influences the degree of aggregate disruption induced by sodicity. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the interactive effects of clay mineralogy, prewetting rate (PWR), and sodicity on soil aggregation. Three soils with predominantly clay minerals of smectite, vermiculite‐smectite, and kaolinite were equilibrated with NaCl–CaCl 2 solutions having sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values of 0, 20, and 50 and electrical conductivity (EC) = 3.0 dS m −1 After air‐drying, the treated samples were packed and prewetted at rates of 2 and 30 mm h −1 with the NaCl–CaCl 2 solutions. Aggregate‐size distribution, macroscopic swelling, and surface soil dispersion were determined after the packed samples were equilibrated to a matric potential of −0.1 MPa. The kaolinitic soil showed the lowest inherent aggregate stability when subjected to slow PWR and the lowest SAR. Furthermore, aggregate stability of the kaolinitic loam soil was not significantly affected by increasing SAR. The Millox (smectitic) soil, on the other hand, was most susceptible to aggregate slaking, whereas the Malibu (vermiculitic) soil was most susceptible to differential swelling (at slow PWR). When SAR was low, aggregate slaking by fast PWR was the main cause of the aggregate breakdown. At SAR ≥ 20, swelling and dispersion became more important to the structural stability.
Effect of protein extracts of three bean varieties against gut α-amylase activity ofHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) (Lep.: Noctuidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

According to concerns about usage of chemical pesticides in the control of cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lep.: Noctuidae), integration of different non-chemical methods, such as the use of enzyme inhibitors, could be a suitable way to control this pest. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of protein extracts of three bean varieties (Derakhshan, Sadri, Shokoufa) against worm larvae alpha amylase enzyme activity. Sodium chloride (0.1 M) was used to extract proteins from bean varieties. The results showed that protein extracts of different bean varieties have different effects on the insect α-amylase. Derakhshan and Sadri had inhibitory effects on the α-amylase activity, while Shokoufa did not inhibit α-amylase of the insect, considerably. Derakhshan and Sadri at the highest dosage (13 μgml-1) had 70 and 65% inhibitory effect, respectively, whilst at the lowest dose (0.812 μgml-1), inhibited 45 and 32% of the enzyme activity, respectively. In the gel electrophoresis of enzyme without usage of inhibitors, three bands were observed. At the highest concentration of extracts, only one faint band out of the three bands seen in the control was observed and the other three bands completely disappeared. At last, it’s concluded that Derakhshan variety had the greatest effect on the reduction of α-amylase activity.