jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Will Charging a Penalty for No Show to Outpatient Colonoscopy Appointment Improve Compliance?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Lack of compliance to scheduled outpatient colonoscopy appointment is particularly high among underserved populations and wastes valuable resources. Charging patients a monetary penalty for missed colonoscopy appointments has not been explored as a potential method to improve compliance. Methods: We conducted a patient education and compliance evaluation (PEACE) survey among adult patients and their escorts at Howard university hospital ambulatory care center between June 2011 to November 2013. Demographic, lifestyle and health-related information including medication compliance was obtained from respondents. Colonoscopy and the processes involved were explained to the respondents. They were asked whether informing their family members will help them undergo the test, whether they will be willing for the doctor to inform their family members, and whether they would like to be called and reminded of the test. Lastly, they were asked if being charged $200 “restocking fee” penalty if they did not show up for their procedures would increase the likelihood that they will come for their tests. Results: There were 370 respondents (mean age =50.9 years, 67% female, 92.6% blacks, 42.4% were married, 68.6% had more than high school education, and 90.4% had health insurance). Informing family members will help 80.6% undergo the test, 84.2% were willing for the doctor to inform their family members about the test and 84.2% would like to be called and reminded of the test. However, only 216 (58.4%) respondents felt that a penalty for no show will make them more compliant. Demographic factors were not associated with respondents’ reported likelihood of keeping their appointment to avoid a penalty for non-compliance (age: odds ratio [OR]=0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.00, female: OR=1.10; 95% CI: 0.65-1.84, black race: OR=0.55; 95% CI: 0.19-1.60, more than high school education: OR=1.51; 0.89-2.57, married: OR=0.92; 0.56-1.50, and has health insurance: OR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.49-2.77). Conclusion: Engaging the social network of underserved populations may improve compliance to outpatient colonoscopy. Instituting a surcharge penalty for missed colonoscopy appointments may not improve compliance.
IUCN SSC BAT SPECIALIST GROUP GUIDELINES FOR FIELD HYGIENE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

These guidelines are intended for all people who do fieldwork with bats in the field anywhere in the world. They update our previous IUCN Bat Specialist Group guidelines, which were developed specifically to address bat-related fieldwork during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines address "ordinary" circumstances and aim to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission in all directions – humans to bats, bats to humans, and between bat species or populations, facilitated by humans. These guidelines exist as much to protect bat populations as the humans who study them.
Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Monitoring the Carbon Dioxide Content in the Atmosphere

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. Compared to traditional ground-based monitoring, remote sensing measurements have a wider coverage and stronger continuous monitoring capabilities. This paper introduces the types and characteristics of remote sensing satellites used for CO2 detection, describes the detection process and main technologies, and takes the remote sensing satellite carrying AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) as an example to analyze its application in CO2 detection. The results indicate that the current remote sensing satellites have TIROS-N series TOVS sensors, AIRS, IASI, SCIAMACHY, GOSAT, and OCO. The remote sensing technology process includes mission planning and sensor selection, data acquisition, data preprocessing, spectral analysis, inversion algorithm for extracting CO2 concentration information, spatial resolution optimization, data quality control and validation, spatiotemporal analysis and data fusion, generation of visual reports, and data dissemination. The data obtained from the AIRS remote sensing satellite for detecting CO2 concentration has been validated through comparison with ground station and aircraft measurement data. In addition, by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of CO2 and analyzing the intensity and seasonal variations of carbon sources and sinks in different regions, high carbon emission areas can be identified. Remote sensing technology also has some challenges and uncertainties, such as limitations caused by atmospheric turbulence, cloud cover, and lower accuracy. Therefore, future research needs to optimize remote sensing data processing methods further, develop more accurate inversion models, and consider integrating multiple remote sensing data sources.
A fifth-millennium BC cemetery in the north Persian Gulf: the Zohreh Prehistoric Project

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Zohreh Prehistoric Project (ZPP), a long-term archaeological research programme focused on the river valley south of the modern city of Behbahan in Khuzestan Province, was launched in April 2015 (Figure 1). The valley, which lies in close proximity to the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, was surveyed extensively during the early 1970s by Hans Nissen from the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Nissen & Redman 1971; Dittmann 1984, 1986). The ZPP aims to develop full-coverage archaeological survey of the valley, focusing on the human landscape over time, mostly in relation to settlement hierarchy and dynamics, modes of production and the emergence of regional centres at the end of the fifth and beginning of the fourth millennia BC. The focal point for the project is the principal site of the Zohreh Valley, known as Tol-e Chega Sofla (39RN1Q22108; the site was previously registered as Chogha Sofla, BZ.71 (Dittmann 1984: 110). We have changed this to reflect its local name. The digital reference is the unique Iranian archaeology map registration number.
Diffusiophoresis of a Soft Particle as a Model for Biological Cells

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We derive the general expression for the diffusiophoretic mobility of a soft particle (i.e., polyelectrolyte-coated hard particle) in a concentration gradient of electrolytes for the case in which the particle’s core size is large enough compared with the Debye length. Therefore, the particle surface can be regarded as planar, and the electrolyte concentration gradient is parallel to the core surface. The obtained expression can be applied for arbitrary values of the fixed charge density of the polyelectrolyte layer and the surface charge density of the particle core. We derive approximate analytic mobility expressions for soft particles of three types, i.e., (i) weakly charged soft particles, (ii) soft particles with a thick polyelectrolyte layer, in which the equilibrium electric potential deep inside the polyelectrolyte layer is equal to the Donnan potential, and (iii) soft particles with an uncharged polymer layer of finite thickness.
Using Patterns to Teach Parallel Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we describe the results of teaching a parallel programming course using a pattern programming approach in a course taught across the State of North Carolina on a televideo network in Fall 2013. Five universities participated in this study. The course begins with a higher-level tool called the Seeds framework that creates and executes high-level message passing patterns such as a workpool without writing low level MPI code. To avoid going directly to MPI next, we used another tool (Paraguin compiler) which uses compiler directives to create MPI code for patterns. Once students understand the pattern programming approach we then present low level MPI routines and their more complex parameters but now with the knowledge of parallel patterns. An independent professional evaluator is employed to deploy survey instruments and produce an analysis of the results. The lessons we learned from this data collected in Fall 2013 are: 1) Teaching parallel computing in the context of patterns has a positive impact on student learning, 2) Teaching the lower level tools first would be beneficial, 3) The improvements made to the Paraguin compiler directives significantly improved the students confidence in using the tool, and 4) The lower level tools can still be taught in the context of patterns.
A DFS Model for Forecasting Stock Price

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently, forecasting stock price is the hotter topic for achieving the smallest lost in investment.However, the previous stock price forecasting model practically cannot satisfy the requirement of accuracy.To raise the forecast accuracy, a decomposition-forecast-synthesis (DFS) model is proposed by this paper, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the stock price time series, combined with the established single stock price prediction model, for instance, time series model, grey prediction model, neural network prediction model, etc.DFS model decomposes a stock price time series into three components, including time tend component, quasi periodic component and random component.For each component, an adaptive prediction model is adopted to predict, afterwards, the synthesis of three component is to acquire stock price forecast sequence.The wavelet analysis, combination forecast method, Fourier Transform, fitting analysis, and conventional time series models, for instance, the ARMA (Autoregressive-moving-average) method and exponent smoothness method are adopted in the DFS model.For evaluation the forecasting performance of proposed model, the daily stock prices of SAIC Motor from December 2, 2013 to March 2, 2016 are used as experimental dataset and the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Square Coefficient of Variation (MCV) as evaluation criterion.
A Nonhuman Primate Model for Preclinical Testing of New Tuberculosis Vaccines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nonhuman primates appear to have significant advantages over conventional laboratory animals in terms of modeling pulmonary tuberculosis for purposes of vaccine evaluation. Primates are quite susceptible to infection by the aerosol route, develop a humanlike disease, exhibit antigen-induced T lymphocyte reactivity both in vitro and in vivo, and can be protected quite effectively by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. There are fewer than a dozen published studies of experimental tuberculosis in primates, and all of the available data on the response of primates to vaccination have been generated in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). There have been no modern immunologic studies of primate tuberculosis. Thus, responses to tuberculosis vaccines in primates are only minimally characterized, and much additional baseline work remains to be done before the responses to new vaccines can be placed in the proper biological context.
GIS visualization of COVID-19 impact on PQ indicators in distribution networks: A case study of Croatia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A large part of 2020 and 2021 was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic.A global pandemic has caused changes in people's behavior and has created challenges for multiple industries and numerous sectors.One of the most affected sectors is the electricity sector, which already deals with challenges caused by decarbonization and the integration of low-carbon technologies.Newly caused challenges are especially important for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) since they are responsible for the planning and operation of distribution networks and for resolving the problems caused by the change of end-users' habits.To identify and visualize pandemic-induced changes, an integrated geographic information system (GIS)-based tool is developed and presented in this paper.After identifying errors in GIS and end-users' consumption data and preprocessing them, pandapower and the developed harmonic calculation extension are used for the analysis of different power quality (PQ) indicators in low-voltage (LV) distribution networks.As a final step of the developed tool, the impact of COVID-19 on PQ indicators is visualized using GIS.
The Lyapunov Functionals for Delay Lotka--Volterra-Type Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By means of Lyapunov functionals, we have succeeded in establishing the global attractivity of the positive equilibrium of n-species Lotka--Volterra systems modeled by equations of the "pure-delay type" with both finite and infinite delays involved. As a corollary, we show that if the delay system is dissipative and the coefficient matrix is VL-stable, then the global attractivity of the unique positive equilibrium is maintained provided the delays are small. Estimates on the allowable sizes of delays are indicated. Applications to 2-species prey-predator models and n-species food chains and competition models are included.
Monetary Policy and Uncertainty about the Natural Unemployment Rate

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the optimal monetary policy in the presence of uncertainty about the natural rate and the short-run inflation-unemployment tradeoff. Two conflicting motives drive policy. In the static version of the model, uncertainty provides a motive for the policymaker to move cautiously. In the dynamic version, uncertainty motivates an element of experimentation. I find that the optimal policy that balances these motives typically still exhibits gradualism, i.e., is less aggressive than a policy that disregards parameter uncertainty. Exceptions occur when uncertainty is very high and inflation close to target.
Trees for Food and Timber: are community interests in conflict with those of timber concessions in the Congo Basin?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Much of the Congo Basin is managed for timber from dozens of species. More than 60% also produce non-timber products, including foods. For five multiple use tree species in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Gabon (Entandrophragma cylindricum, Baillonella toxisperma, Erythrophleum suaveloens, Dacryodes buettneri and Gambeya lacourtiana), we studied gathering and consumption by communities, edible caterpillars hosted, the densities of trees around villages and in concessions and the impacts of timber harvesting . We also studied the consumption of forest foods and the nutritional values of fruits and seeds of various tree species. Villagers walked up to six km during day trips to collect fruits or caterpillars, gathering from concessions if the village was within or near it. When foods were gathered from trees smaller than the cutting diameter (which varied by country and species), there was no conflict with timber harvesting. However, the volume of edible caterpillars hosted increased with diameter and harvestable trees were the most productive. Caterpillars, tree fruits and seeds provide fats, vitamins and minerals that complement agricultural foods. Densities of B. toxisperma, valued for its edible oil, were higher around villages than in concessions. The proportion of commercial trees harvested for timber varied from less than 3% to more than 50%, depending on the species. Different species had different geneflow distances, meaning viable regeneration could be expected with residual adults at different maximum distances. E. cylindricum had more effective dispersal than E. suaveolens. The production of timber and nontimber products can be sustained from the same concessions, for different stakeholders, with appropriate practices and arrangements.
[Problem of the choice of the probiotic dose in the physician practice].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, there is ample evidence of the usefulness of probiotics for human health, but, despite this, progress in the scientific and medical recognition of the legal force (legalization) of probiotic agents remains extremely slow. Probiotic preparations are prescribed with the preventive and medical purpose, must be not only safe, but always effective, because these properties affect the economic component of medical activity. Clinical efficacy of probiotics is determined not only by the specifics of strains, but also the adequacy of daily and course dose that should not be underestimated. Recent studies prove the identity of the impacts on human health probiotic agents and functional food products containing probiotic strains in optimal concentrations. Definition of preventive and curative doses of probiotics in children in different age periods remains a challenge for pediatricians.
0088 Can We Erase Fearful Memories? A Role Of Sleep

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Newly formed memories are labile initially, but through the process of consolidation, they can enter permanent stores and become resistant to disruption or interference. Permanently stored memories can be again made labile through a process of reactivation. Reactivated memories can again become resistant to disruption through the process of reconsolidation. Sleep is a requisite for memory consolidation. Is sleep necessary for memory reconsolidation? To address this question, we used classical contextual fear conditioning (FC) with context as conditioned stimulus (CS) and foot shock as unconditioned stimulus (US). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: 1) No-shock control group that was allowed to sleep post-fear reactivation (NS-S). 2) No-shock control group that underwent sleep deprivation post-fear reactivation (NS-SD). 3) Fear reactivation group that was allowed to sleep post-fear reactivation (FR-S) and 4) Fear reactivation group that underwent sleep deprivation post-fear reactivation (FR-SD). FC was performed on Day 1 that lasted for 12 min. Mice in FR-S and FR-SD groups were presented with 7 foot-shocks (0.5 mA, 2.0 s duration) at pseudorandom intervals. No shock was presented to mice in NS-S and NS-SD groups. On completion, mice were allowed to remain undisturbed for 56 s before removing them from the context. Freezing behavior was monitored during FC. Fear reactivation (FR) was performed on day 2. Mice were allowed to explore the context for 2 min. No shock was delivered. Freezing behavior was monitored. On completion, mice in NS-S and FR-S groups were allowed to sleep whereas mice in NS-SD and FR-SD underwent sleep deprivation for 5 hours. Fear Memory Recall (FMR) was performed on day 3. Each mouse (all four groups) was placed in context and allowed to explore for 12 min. No shock was delivered. Freezing behavior was monitored during FMR. During FMR, mice in FR-S group spent significantly more time in freezing than mice in FR-SD group. Control mice (NS-S and NS-SD) were unaffected. These results suggest that sleep is necessary for fear memory reconsolidation Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Research Award (I01BX002661)
Cyclobutane thymine dimers ina rasproto-oncogene hot spotactivate thegenebypoint mutation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

rasproto-oncogenes withacyclobutane-type thymine photodimer (cis-syn or trans-synisomer)were constructed byreplacement ofa portion ofthegene witha chemically synthesized fragment. When the genes were transfected bythecalciumphosphate methodinto mouse NIH3T3cells, theyinduced focusformation, indicating thatbothphotoproducts were mutagenic inmammaliancells. Sequenceanalysis of therasgene fragments derived fromthetransformed cells showedthatthegeneswereactivated byapoint mutation. Themutations detected mostfrequently were 3'-T - A forthecis-syn isomerand5'-T - A forthe trans-syn isomer. Incontrast, a different trendof mutations was observed whena primer on a DNA template withacis-syn dimer was extended invitro by either DNA polymerase ,Bora.
Accuracy of external measurements of 3-dimensional (3D) printed biomodels of the canine radius used in an in-hospital setting.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine if biomodels printed on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) device from computed tomography (CT) data are accurate by comparing external measurements to the native bone, considering that the clinical usefulness of the printed biomodels in an in-hospital setting depends on their verified accuracy and consistency. Using canine cadaveric radii previously stripped of all soft tissues, 7 parameters of the actual bone and the 3-dimensional (3D) printed biomodels were measured and compared to determine how accurately the models represent the cadaveric bone. A total of 28 canine radii were collected, in which the landmarks for measurements were established. Radiographs were then taken to determine the frontal center of rotation of angulation (CORA) and CT scans were carried out. Finally, a 3D virtual reconstruction was done and converted into a stereolithography (STL) format file, from which 2 biomodels were printed per bone. Measurements for biomodels were compared for equivalence to cadaveric measurements. For the 7 measured parameters, the mean difference between biomodel and cadaveric parameters ranged from an increase of +0.66% in cranial-caudal proximal (CrCdP)-CORA to a decrease of -1.32% in distal width of the radius. For all 7 measured parameters, measurements for biomodels were statistically equivalent to their corresponding cadaveric bone (P < 0.001). The 7 measured parameters in the 3D models printed with an FDM device were not significantly different than those in the original bone. In fact, these measurements closely approximated original bone measurements (within 1.5%); therefore, validating their application in future presurgical planning for various orthopedic procedures.
Examining the relationship between corporate governance and bank performance in Bangladesh

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Previous research has studied the impact of corporate governance on bank performance, but only a few aspects of the impact were reported. The present study develops a unique corporate governance index to provide a comprehensivemeasure of corporate governance and examines the relationship between this comprehensive measure and bank performance. We apply the Wilcoxon signed rank test to examine whether the introduction of the Code of CorporateGovernance in Bangladesh has significantly promoted the improvement of corporate governance practices in Bangladeshi banks. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that corporate governance practices of Bangladeshi banks have been significantly improved since the introduction of the code. Further, the present study adopts regression analysis and reveals that the comprehensive measure of corporate governance is not significantly related to Bangladeshi banks’ performance.
Adopting Optimal Statistical Practices: Reviewers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this installment of the Methodology Corner , we briefly discuss how our peer-reviewers might foster optimal statistical practices among our community of researchers. Reviewers are encouraged to seek out training opportunities that enhance their own statistical expertise and to consider tools that might support and enhance the quality of their reviews. We also encourage reviewers with statistical expertise to further lend their time and efforts to reviewership. [ J Nurs Educ . 2024;63(11):785–786.]