jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The training schedule affects the stability, not the magnitude, of the interlimb transfer of learned dynamics

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The way that a motor adaptation is trained, for example, the manner in which it is introduced or the duration of the training period, can influence its internal representation. However, recent studies examining the gradual versus abrupt introduction of a novel environment have produced conflicting results. Here we examined how these effects determine the effector specificity of motor adaptation during visually guided reaching. After adaptation to velocity-dependent dynamics in the right arm, we estimated the amount of adaptation transferred to the left arm, using error-clamp measurement trials to directly measure changes in learned dynamics. We found that a small but significant amount of generalization to the untrained arm occurs under three different training schedules: a short-duration (15 trials) abrupt presentation, a long-duration (160 trials) abrupt presentation, and a long-duration gradual presentation of the novel dynamic environment. Remarkably, we found essentially no difference between the amount of interlimb generalization when comparing these schedules, with 9–12% transfer of the trained adaptation for all three. However, the duration of training had a pronounced effect on the stability of the interlimb transfer: The transfer elicited from short-duration training decayed rapidly, whereas the transfer from both long-duration training schedules was considerably more persistent (<50% vs. >90% retention over the first 20 trials). These results indicate that the amount of interlimb transfer is similar for gradual versus abrupt training and that interlimb transfer of learned dynamics can occur after even a brief training period but longer training is required for an enduring effect.
SSD curve recordings of different hASIC1a variants measured by APC.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Displayed are mean and SD of half-maximal inactivation (pH<sub>50</sub> SSD) and Hill slope (n<sub>H</sub>) as well as number of experiments (<i>n</i>). (*) denotes significant difference from WT, <i>p</i> < 0.05, (**): <i>p</i> < 0.005, (***): <i>p</i> < 0.001, (****): <i>p</i> < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test. The underlying data have been deposited at <a href="https://zenodo.org/" target="_blank">zenodo.org</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4906985" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4906985</a>; files 34 and 35). APC, automated patch clamp; hASIC1a, human acid-sensing ion channel 1a; SD, standard deviation; SSD, steady-state desensitization; WT, wild type.</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>
Addressing Livelihood Issues in Conservation-oriented Projects: A Case Study of Pulicat Lake, Tamil Nadu, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In most conservation-oriented projects in India, livelihood issues are most often secondary to the goals of conservation. Current environmental discourse in India posits two divergent views: one advocates strict conservation and maintenance of the sanctity of protected areas; the other emphasises that people living in protected areas should not be alienated from these areas by a strict administrative regime. The latter view supports the vital role of local communities in effective conservation and natural resource management. This chapter, and the insights derived from the case study of World Wide Fund India’s (WWFI) ecological restoration project on Pulicat Lake in south India, endorse the latter view. By providing an in-depth account of the project, and by reflecting on the inherent flaws in the project framework, the chapter attempts to bring out the importance of livelihood issues in conventional conservation or ecological restoration projects.
Population ageing and family change: older people’s perceptions of current changes in family composition in rural Nepal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rapid population ageing and massive outmigration have affected the traditional family composition. In villages of the middle hills of western Nepal in particular, outmigration of younger generations has profoundly complicated older people’s living conditions. This article sheds light on how the family as a social institution has been influenced by current socio-economic changes linked mainly to ageing and outmigration. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with older people and on group discussions in five different rural villages, the study explores changes and transformations within the family from an emic perspective of older villagers. Changes in the family include modified living arrangements, a redefinition of roles and status, a redistribution of work among family and household members, changes in the attitude of younger people towards older people and a decline in intergenerational care and support. These changes are perceived by the majority of older people as unjust and of no benefit to themselves. Older people find themselves undergoing a transition phase where state provisions remain largely limited and family support is on the decline and no longer guaranteed. Founded on a tacit intergenerational agreement, the family as the major provider of support in old age is falling apart.
Verification of the Cell (Heterogeneous) Model of an Ion-Exchange Membrane and Its Comparison with the Homogeneous Model

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Employing the Onsager approach to nonequilibrium isothermal processes and the cell method, an algebraic equation has, for the first time, been derived for determining the electroosmotic permeability of an ion-exchange membrane at a preset constant current density. The cell model has been verified using experimental data on the electrical conductivity and electroosmotic permeability of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution at preset current density and concentration through an initial MF-4SK cation-exchange membrane and that modified with halloysite nanotubes and platinum and iron nanoparticles. A good coincidence has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental data, and the physicochemical parameters of the model have been determined. The results of the calculations performed within the cell and homogeneous models of a fine-porous membrane have been compared. Their correspondence has been shown for all three samples of the MF-4SK sulfonic cation-exchange membrane.
Exploring Perceptions of the Case-Based Learning Model for Enhancing Extensive Reading Skills in a Hybrid Learning Environment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extensive reading is a pedagogical approach that emphasizes reading for pleasure, allowing learners to choose texts that align with their interests and target language proficiency. However, two significant challenges hinder its effectiveness: the complexity of texts, which often limits comprehension, and vocabulary constraints, which impede students’ engagement with reading materials. This study explores students’ perceptions of integrating case-based learning within a hybrid learning framework to enhance extensive reading instruction in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire encompassing 10 dimensions and 50 statements. The research was conducted in the English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia, involving 88 English Education students enrolled in an extensive reading course. The findings reveal that students generally held favourable perceptions of case-based hybrid learning, particularly regarding 10 critical dimensions: conceptual understanding of case-based learning, extensive reading skill development, interaction and collaboration, learner engagement, hybrid learning effectiveness, problem-solving through case studies, real-life applicability, challenges in hybrid learning, satisfaction with the instructional model, and recommendations for improvement. Overall, case-based hybrid learning was found to foster engagement, enhance comprehension, and develop students’ problem-solving abilities in EFL extensive reading instruction.
[Tumors of the submaxillary gland].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The tumors of the submaxillary gland are rare. The authors are reviewing 23 cases gathered from three Departments over ten years. The tumors of the submaxillary gland are malignant in as many as 50% of all cases! When the lesion is benign, pleiomorphic adenoma is the most frequent possibility. The authors emphasize the necessity of early and complete surgical treatment, requiring at least total submaxillectomy in case of benign tumor. Cervical mode dissection will be considered if the tumor is malignant.
Compensatory Mechanisms for Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Patients With Carotid Occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose —The purpose of this experiment was to assess long-term cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes in patients with increased oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in the hemisphere distal to an occluded carotid artery who remain free of stroke. Methods —Ten patients with increased OEF and no interval stroke underwent repeated positron emission tomography examinations 12 to 59 months after the initial examination. Quantitative regional measurements of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, cerebral rate of oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2 ), and OEF were obtained. Regional measurements of the cerebral rate of glucose metabolism (CMRGlc) were made on follow-up in 5 patients. Statistical significance ( P <0.05) was measured with t tests and linear regression analysis. Results —The ipsilateral/contralateral OEF ratio declined from a mean of 1.16 to 1.08 ( P =0.022). Greater reductions were seen with longer duration of follow-up ( P =0.023, r =0.707). The cerebral blood flow ratio improved from 0.81 to 0.85 ( P =0.021). No change in cerebral blood volume or CMRO 2 was observed. CMRGlc was reduced in the ipsilateral hemisphere ( P =0.001 compared with normal), but the CMRO 2 /CMRGlc ratio was normal. Conclusions —Increased OEF improves in patients with carotid occlusion and no interval stroke. This improvement in OEF is due to an improvement in collateral blood flow.
Automated synthesis of scalable algorithms for inferring non-local properties to assist in multi-robot teaming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Individual robots in multi-robot teams usually behave according to relatively simple and often deterministic rules. This behavioral regularity may allow for variations in one robot's behavior to provide useful information about the state of other robots in the team. Thus, coordinated motion between distantly separated robots could be achieved without direct communication. Unfortunately, the dynamics describing a collective multi-robot system will often be too complex to analytically derive the relationship between observed nearest-neighbor variations and environmentally driven changes in the behavior of remote robots. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be used to find this relationship within training data, but scalability of the approach requires that the resulting ANNs be functional even in teams with sizes not represented in the training data. To this end, we train a communication-free, localization ANN on one robot in a 3-robot team and show how it can be extended without re-training to larger teams. We test our approach in a distributed caging scenario where a chain of simulated robots searches for an object to encircle and executes a coordinated behavior, ideally with no communication, shortly after only one detects the object.
Using measured resting metabolic rate to derive calorie prescriptions in a behavioral weight loss program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Within behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs, using measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a more accurate—yet costlier—alternative to the standard method of assigning calorie prescriptions using baseline weight. This investigation aimed to assess differences between calorie goals prescribed using each method including demographic predictors and associations with weight loss. Methods This is an ancillary study to a trial comparing approaches to motivational enhancement in a 6‐months BWL program designed for emerging adults age 18–25 ( N = 308). RMR was measured at baseline and used to derive calorie prescriptions; standard calorie goals were retrospectively assigned for the purpose of these analyses. Results Standard calorie prescriptions were significantly higher than those derived from RMR. Sex and race were significant predictors of calorie prescription discrepancies: using the standard method, women and Black participants were assigned higher calorie goals than their RMR would indicate. Calorie goal discrepancy did not predict 6‐months weight change. Conclusions Differences in calorie prescriptions between approaches were significant; however, it remains to be determined whether measuring RMR is worth the cost, time, and participant burden. It may be the case that this consideration has greater impact for certain subgroups—namely, women and Black participants.
Systematic study related to the role of initial impurities and irradiation rates in the formation and evolution of complex defects in silicon for detectors in HEP experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence of oxygen and carbon impurities on the concentrations of defects in silicon for detector uses, in complex fields of radiation, characteristic to high energy physics experiments, is investigated in the frame of the quantitative phenomenological model developed previously by the authors and extended in the present paper. Continuous irradiation conditions are considered, simulating realistically the environments for these experiments. The generation rate of primary defects is calculated starting from the projectile - silicon interaction and from the recoil energy redistribution in the lattice. The mechanisms of formation of complex defects are explicitly analysed. Vacancy-interstitial annihilation, interstitial and vacancy migration to sinks, divacancy, vacancy- and interstitial-impurity complex formation and decomposition are considered. Oxygen and carbon impurities present in silicon could monitor the concentration of all stable defects, due to their interaction with vacancies and interstitials. Their role in the mechanisms of formation and decomposition of the following stable defects: V_2, VO, V_2O, C_i, C_iO_i, C_iC_s and VP, is studied. The model predictions cover a generation primary rate of defects between 10^2 pairs/cm3/s and 10^{11} pairs/cm3/s, and could be a useful clue in obtaining harder materials for detectors for space missions, at the new generation of accelerators, as, e.g. LHC, Super-LHC and Eloisatron, or for industrial applications.
Massive congenital lymphatic malformation of the small intestine: Case report and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Herein is a case of a congenitally diagnosed mesenteric lymphatic malformation involving nearly the entire small bowel and colon. Although drainage and sclerotherapy were initially performed, extensive small and large bowel resection was ultimately necessary. A review of the literature is provided with a discussion of potential and optimal treatment modalities.
Shear Strength of Arch-Shaped Members without Transverse Reinforcement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Arch-shaped members are used in many reinforced concrete structures such as tunnels, bridges, silos, or offshore constructions. They are generally designed to carry significant axial forces, and, in most cases, are not provided with transverse reinforcement. Depending on the applied actions, however, bending moments and shear forces may also develop. This can potentially lead to spalling failures of the concrete cover or to shear failures where the strength may be reduced in comparison with straight members. Such reduction is due to the curvature of the element and to the corresponding deviation forces originated by the compression and tension chords. In spite of the significance of the topic, little research has been performed. In this paper, the authors summarize the results of a comprehensive investigation comprising an experimental part on nine arch-shaped specimens with thickness equal to 400 mm (15.7 in.). On the basis of these results, the basic failure mechanisms and shear-transfer actions are identified. By using the principles of the critical shear crack theory for assessment of the shear strength, a design approach for such members is presented that accounts for the various mechanical and geometrical parameters. The approach provides consistent and accurate predictions when compared with the tests presented in the paper.
PTQ™ anal implants for the treatment of faecal incontinence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In North Queensland demand for conservative faecal incontinence treatments outweighs supply. Injectable bulking agents offer a safe and effective treatment for patients with internal anal sphincter (IAS) dysfunction. Methods Information, including age and sex, baseline incontinence score, quality of life, resting and squeeze pressures, was collected for 74 patients (37 men) who received intersphincteric PTQ™ injections. Postimplant satisfaction was assessed at 6-week review. Incontinence scores and satisfaction ratings were determined annually. Results At a median follow-up of 28 months, 52 patients (70 per cent) with IAS dysfunction who received PTQ™ anal implants as a treatment for faecal incontinence were continent and extremely satisfied with the result. The incontinence score in participants who remained incontinent was reduced significantly from 12 of 20 before implant to 3·5 of 20 at follow-up (P &lt; 0·001). Migration rates improved with experience. The poorest results occurred in women with pudendal neuropathy, or patients who had previously received biofeedback treatment. Conclusion Implanted PTQ™ provides an effective solution to faecal incontinence in the short and mid term for patients with IAS dysfunction.
Introduction: Gender and Disability in the Two World Wars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This introduction explains the reasons behind this special issue, which is devoted to analyzing historically gendered experiences of war-related disability in post-conflict societies. It refers to a variety of multidisciplinary works on disability, gender, conflict, and transition theory to posit the special issue at the intersection of disability, gender, and war studies. It briefly describes the five articles composing the issue, while emphasizing their contribution to understanding the impact of the two world wars on the lives of men and women and on cultural ideas of masculinity and femininity in a variety of national and colonial contexts.
Dynamic Epistemic Model Checking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This lecture introduces and discusses a tiny program for epistemic model checking with S5 models in Haskell. The model update operations are public announcement and publicly observable factual change. The implementation is much more efficient than the earlier implementation of DEMO (Van Eijck 2007), but less efficient than a symbolic model checker for DEL (Lecture 3). Still, because the approach is so simple, it gives a useful idea of what goes on in model checking DEL. As examples, we implement the sum and product riddle, which is solved in a few seconds, and the parametrized muddy children problems, where the cases with up to ten children run in a matter of seconds. Next, we look at PRODEMO, a program for probabilistic epistemic model checking, and use it for solving some probabilistic epistemic model checking problems. Abstract This lecture introduces and discusses a tiny program for epistemic model checking with S5 models in Haskell. The model update operations are public announcement and publicly observable factual change. The implementation is much more efficient than the earlier implementation of DEMO (Van Eijck 2007), but less efficient than a symbolic model checker for DEL (Lecture 3). Still, because the approach is so simple, it gives a useful idea of what goes on in model checking DEL. As examples, we implement the sum and product riddle, which is solved in a few seconds, and the parametrized muddy children problems, where the cases with up to ten children run in a matter of seconds. Next, we look at PRODEMO, a program for probabilistic epistemic model checking, and use it for solving some probabilistic epistemic model checking problems. Update of the abstract: the slides give a full implementation of public announcement updates for S5 models and for S5 weight models.This lecture introduces and discusses a tiny program for epistemic model checking with S5 models in Haskell. The model update operations are public announcement and publicly observable factual change. The implementation is much more efficient than the earlier implementation of DEMO (Van Eijck 2007), but less efficient than a symbolic model checker for DEL (Lecture 3). Still, because the approach is so simple, it gives a useful idea of what goes on in model checking DEL. As examples, we implement the sum and product riddle, which is solved in a few seconds, and the parametrized muddy children problems, where the cases with up to ten children run in a matter of seconds. Next, we look at PRODEMO, a program for probabilistic epistemic model checking, and use it for solving some probabilistic epistemic model checking problems. Update of the abstract: the slides give a full implementation of public announcement updates for S5 models and for S5 weight models. Who in Modal and Epistemic Logic? Who in Modal and Epistemic Logic? Saul Kripke (born 1940) Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)
Australian Educational Computing, 2015, 30(1). Improving Learning Experiences Through Gamification: A Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gamified learning systems are becoming increasingly common within educational institutions, however there is a lack of understanding on the elements of gamification that influence, either positively or negatively, the learning experiences of students using these systems. This study examines an existing gamified learning tool implemented within an Australian university, and explores the aspects of this system that impact upon the student experience. It was found that positive influences included a combination of motivational and game-based elements such as presentation of content, self-efficacy of learning experiences, and feedback that positively influence students. Additionally, aspects of the system that negatively influenced learning experiences included issues such as interaction flaws and compatibility issues.
Impacts of conflicts in work-family interface on psychological outcomes of frontline service employees: Supervisor support moderation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In Chinese culture context, using a sample of frontline service employees, this current study tested the relationship of conflicts in work-family interface and some psychological outcomes with the moderating effects of supervisor support. The examining results demonstrate that conflicts in work-family interface are negatively predictive to affective commitment and positively predictive to turnover intention. Besides, supervisor support is also a significant predictor to affective commitment and turnover intention. The results of the hierarchical regression suggest that supervisor support alleviates the negative impacts of family-work conflict on affective commitment and the positive impacts of it on turnover intention. In addition, higher education levels of frontline service employees report stronger intentions to leave. The moderate role of supervisor support is discussed by Confucian values in Chinese culture context.