jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The chemistry and manufacture of Carrara structural glass.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry and manufacture of Carrara structural glass.R. A. Miller Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1947, 24, 4, 158Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1947Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1947Published inissue 1 April 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ed024p158RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electron Microprobe Analyses of Magnesium and Iron Distribution in Carbonate Cements and Recrystallized Sediment Grains from Ancient Carbonate Rocks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mg2+ and Fe2+ inhomogeneities have been found to exist in carbonate cements of sediments ranging in age from Miocene to Devonian. These cements appear to have remained in disequilibrium with their environment throughout their post-accretional history and have therefore preserved original minor element ratios which reflect the pore fluids from which they were precipitated. The cation ratios of waters accountable for precipitation can be inferred from the distribution patterns of minor elements in a cement and the distribution coefficients of the minor elements. The relation between Mg2+, Fe2+ content and cement morphology is complex and highly variable. In some cases a change in minor element content occurs at a petrographic boundary between cement generations. In other cases there exists little or no minor element variability across the boundary separating petrographic generations. The minor element variability within an inhomogeneous generation can vary from a simple compositional trend to an extremely complex pattern. The minor element approach described herein enables a more thorough reconstruction of the cementation history of a carbonate sediment to be made than that afforded by conventional petrographic techniques alone. Although it is not yet possible to unequivocally relate minor element patterns to the diagenetic environments in which cementation took place, this does not detract from the power of the approach to infer ancient water chemistry accompanying the cementation history of a sediment.
Genome sequence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infecting cultured black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) in Bangladesh

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a causative agent of white spot disease (WSD) in crustaceans, especially in cultivated black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ), leading to significant economic losses in the aquaculture sector. The present study describes four whole genome sequences of WSSV obtained from coastal regions of Bangladesh.
Specific Dimensions of Depression Have Different Associations With Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Depression is highly frequent in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes and is associated with cognitive impairment. Yet, little is known about how various depression dimensions differentially affect cognition. We investigated longitudinal associations of specific depression dimensions with cognitive decline. <p> </p> <p>Research Design and Methods: Participants (N=1002) were from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study, 65+ years of age with Type 2 Diabetes, not demented at baseline. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological battery at baseline and every 18 months thereafter including domains of Episodic Memory, Attention/Working Memory, Semantic Categorization/Language, Executive Function and Z scores of each domain were averaged and further normalized to calculate Global Cognition. Depression items from Geriatric Depression Scale- 15 items (GDS-15) was measured at each visit and subcategorized to five dimensions: Dysphoric Mood, Withdrawal Apathy-Vigor (entitled apathy), Anxiety, Hopelessness and Memory complaint. Random coefficients models examined association of depression dimensions with baseline and longitudinal cognitive functioning adjusting for socio-demographics and baseline characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity and use of diabetic medications. </p> <p> </p> <p>Result: In the fully adjusted model, at baseline, all dimensions of depression, except for anxiety, were associated with some aspects of cognition (p-values from .01 to <.001). Longitudinally, greater apathy scores were associated with faster decline in executive functions (p=.004), a results that withstood adjustment for multiple comparisons. Associations of other depression dimensions with cognitive decline were not significant (p>0.01).</p> <p> </p> <p>Conclusion: Apathy was associated with a faster cognitive decline in executive functions. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of depression as a clinical construct rather than a single entity and point to apathy as a specific risk factor for cognitive decline among older adults with Type 2 Diabetes. </p>
Reichert's Membrane as a Model for Studying the Biosynthesis and Assembly of Basement Membrane Components

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The major components of Reichert's membrane (laminin, type IV procollagen, entactin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan) are all synthesized by the parietal endoderm cells of the mouse embryo. Fibronectin is found mainly on the trophoblast side of Reichert's membrane and does not appear to be a major structural component. Parietal endoderm cells are thought to differentiate and migrate as individual cells from the margins of the epithelial visceral endoderm layer. They may interact with the type IV collagen in Reichert's membrane via a surface-associated protein of Mr = 47000 known as 'colligin'. Parietal endoderm cells are a rich source of mRNAs for basement membrane components and have been used to prepare a cDNA library in the expression vectors pUC8 and pUC9 from which cDNAs for type IV collagen and laminin B chains have been isolated.
Influence of Tooth Factors and Procedural Errors on the Incidence and Severity of Post-Endodontic Pain: A Prospective Clinical Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The objective of this prospective study was to assess tooth-related factors that play a role in the incidence of postoperative pain (PP) and determining if procedural errors influence PP occurrence. A total of 442 patients referred for root canal treatment met the inclusion criteria and were included in this prospective study. The same protocol was used in all root canal treatments. Patient, tooth, treatment related factors and the occurrence of procedural errors were registered. Incidence and intensity of PP was assessed at 24 and 48 h by telephonic interview and in person seven and 15 days after treatment. A logistic and ordinal regression analysis was used to assess the role of patient, tooth and treatment related factors in the incidence and intensity of PP, respectively. Preoperative and intraoperative factors differently affected the incidence of PP at the different time intervals. The presence of procedural errors did not significantly influence PP occurrence. The presence of preoperative pain and the need of additional anesthesia during treatment were associated with higher incidence of PP 24 and 48 h after treatment; the extent of apical enlargement played a significant role in the presence of PP after seven days of treatment; and the excessive occlusal load induced by the absence of a contralateral tooth was the only factor related to the maintenance of PP up to 15 days. In conclusion, the presence of preoperative pain, the need of additional anesthesia during treatment, the extent of apical enlargement and the excessive occlusal load induced by the absence of a contralateral tooth were related to a higher incidence of PP.
Mapping the Potential for Urban Agriculture in Worcester: A Land Inventory Assessment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This project intended to identify and present the potential for urban agriculture in the city of Worcester through the creation of a vacant, public land inventory. This was achieved by working with local stakeholders, analyzing successful examples from other cities, and utilizing ArcGIS software. Upon completion it was revealed that Worcester contains 337 vacant or partially vacant parcels. This inventory should be used to identify potential sites for food production and inform policy decisions regarding food, health, and city planning.
Positive Adult Personality Development

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Does personality stay stable after young adulthood or is there continued change throughout middle and later adulthood? For decades, this question has caused heated debate. Over the last couple of years, a consensus has emerged based on recent cross-cultural as well as longitudinal evidence. This consensus confirms that indeed there is personality change in middle and later adulthood. Many authors have labeled this change personality maturation or growth. In somewhat simplified terms the observed pattern is as follows: neuroticism declines, conscientiousness and agreeableness increase. At the same time it has been argued that this pattern of personality change is the result of coping with the developmental tasks of adulthood and, thus, increased adjustment. We would like to examine this practice of equating developmental adjustment with growth and ask how to define personality growth. To answer this question, we consult theories of personality development as well as lifespan theory.
Analysis of Lipoprotein Composition in the Diabetic Patients with Cerebrovascular Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum lipoproteins of diabetic patients who had ever been suffered from cerebrovascular disorders were analyzed by chemical method and preparative ultracentrifugation. The average age of 40 subjects (17 males and 23 females) was 71 years old. Patients of cerebrovascular disorders were consisted of 36 cases of cerebral infarction, 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage and 2 cases of transient ischemic attack.Clinical parameters were ECG, obesity, diabetic retinopathy and proteinuria. Evaluation of ECG records was done according to Minnesota Code by which ECG abnormalities were classified into 4 groups in terms of ST-T changes, abnormal Q, atrioventricular block, arrhythmia and so on. Degree of obesity was categorized into 3 groups by “obesity index” which was calculated by the formula: [body weight/(body length-100)×0.9]×100. Grades of diabetic retinopathy were divided into 3 groups according to Scott's criteria.On the other hand, laboratory data were assembled about HDL-cholesterol, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Subfractions of serum lipoprotein were separated into VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 by preparative ultracentrifugation.Concentration of apolipoprotein AT (Apo-AI) in HDL2 and HDL3 was determined by radial immunodiffusion, and amount of protein moiety in HDL2 and HDL3 was measured by the method of Lowry et al.Interrelationship between above-mentioned clinical parameters and lipoproteins was investigated. Correlations between fractions of lipoproteins were estimated.As to results, no significant correlations were found between MDA and any clinical parameter or any lipoprotein fraction.Percentage of HDL3-trigriceride was high both in the group of advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy and in the group of proteinuria. Therefore, it is presumed that HDL3-triglyceride may be concerned with progression of diabetic microangiopathies.The most remarkable result was the interrelationship between abnormalities of both ECG and lipid metabolism: HDL2-cholesterol, HDL2-phospholipid and HDL2-Apo-AI were significantly lower in the ECG group of which abnormalities was most marked than in the other groups of lesser abnormalities. This suggests that reduction of HDL2 subfraction increases the incidence of ischemic heart disease.So-called atherogenic index which is the ratio of [total cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol] to HDL-cholesterol showed a strong inverse correlation with cholesterol and phospholipid of HDL2 subfraction. This data supports the proposal that the lipoprotein most related to atherosclerosis is HDL2 subfraction and increase of HDL2-phospholipid as well as HDL2-cholesterol plays an important role in prevention against atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.
Legends of Supplemental Figures from Expression of <i>ANRIL</i>–Polycomb Complexes–<i>CDKN2A/B/ARF</i> Genes in Breast Tumors: Identification of a Two-Gene (<i>EZH2/CBX7</i>) Signature with Independent Prognostic Value

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Legends of Supplemental Figures S1, S2, S3 and S4</p>
Structure−Activity Relationships within a Family of Selectively Cytotoxic Macrolide Natural Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

[figure: see text] We describe a semi-synthetic deglycosylated derivative of apoptolidin that retains considerable activity against the mitochondrial ATPase but has greatly reduced cellular cytotoxicity. We also demonstrate that a related antifungal natural product, cytovaricin, inhibits the same molecular target. Structural comparison of these macrolides provides insights into their conserved features that are presumably important for biological activity and identifies promising avenues at the interface of organic synthesis and biosynthesis for the generation of new selective cytotoxic agents.
Two sympatric new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Yanachaga Chemillen National Park (central Peruvian Andes)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two sympatric new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Strabomantidae) are described from elfin forests and puna grasslands (3363–3589 m) of the eastern slopes of the Andes of Departamento Pasco in central Peru. Phrynopus miroslawae sp. nov. is a medium-sized species characterized by lacking vomerine teeth and tympanic membrane, and by having dorsolateral folds, areolate ventral skin, dorsum gray with black spots, venter cream with small scattered black blotches, and iris bronze. Phrynopus nicoleae sp. nov. is a small species characterized by lacking tympanic membrane and by having vomerine teeth, an X-shaped middorsal fold, ventral skin areolate, dorsum tan with black stripes and bluish tubercles, and iris bronze with black reticulations.
Piecewise Polynomial Solutions Without a priori Break Points

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In certain inverse problems it is useful to be able to compute solutions which are, in some sense, as simple as possible. For example,k one may wish to compute solutions which are piecewise constant and with as few discontinuities as possible. Such solutions are suited to describe models, e.g., geological layers, where the coarse structure is more important than the fine structure. A natural generalization of piecewise constant functions is piecewise polynomial solutions. In this paper we present a new algorithm which is capable of computing solutions that are piecewise polynomials, without having to specify a priori the positions of the break points between the polynomial pieces.
Death camp heritage ‘from below’? Instagram and the (re)mediation of Holocaust heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The sites of former Nazi death camps have become established as important places of European heritage. While previous research has revealed how the experiences of visitors to these sites are powerfully mediated and scripted by museum authorities, recent work has demonstrated the capacity of visitor photography to facilitate a more active encounter with sites of Holocaust heritage. This chapter extends the analysis of visitor photography at former death camp sites by turning to the 'participatory culture' of digital media, through which such images are shared and recontextualized. Focusing on the photograph-sharing platform Instagram, the chapter critically examines both the photographic practices of visitors and the digital mediations that exceed the agency of individual users. The author argue that the capacity of social media to host unexpected juxtapositions of photographic context exceeds any simple binary of heritage from above or below, resulting in an ambivalent 'democratization' of heritage.
Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.
Establishment and evaluation based of a RIG-G gene detection system by TaqMan-MGB probe real-time PCR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To establish a TaqMan-MGB fluorescent probe characterized real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) method for detecting retinoic acid induced genes G (RIG-G) in human acute promyelocytic leukemia(M3). Analyze RIG-G expression levels in peripheral blood of both normal persons and M3 patients and explore its diagnosis value for M3.

Methods
Methodology establishment study. A detection method and standard curve of TaqMan-MGB real-time PCR were established after designing specific primers and TaqMan-MGB fluorescence probe of human RIG-G gene and using reverse transcription complementary DNA(cDNA) as a template. The performance of this method was evaluated in specificity, accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity and interference substances. Twenty clinical specimens with M3 were quantified RIG-G expression so as to evaluate the correlation between peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. Meanwhile, the results of RIG-G expression in peripheral blood of 40 normal specimens and 20 patients with M3 were analyzed by t-test. And receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the detection efficiency of M3.

Results
There was a good linear relationship between log value of RIG-G standard substance and threshold cycle number (Ct) (standard curve equation: Y=-3.539X+ 42.952, R2=0.999). New method was used to detect standard substance. The deviation between observed and expected values was 0.05). However, there was obvious difference of RIG-G value in peripheral blood between control group and M3 patient group (U=18, P<0.001), 3.62×104(1.61×104-4.90×104)copies/μl for controls and 7.10×102(5.43×102-2.21×103)copies/μl for M3 patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Successfully establishe a TaqMan-MGB real-time PCR method for detecting RIG-G gene in peripheral blood.The accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity are good. It could provide necessary help in early diagnosis and monitor treatment of clinical M3 patients.(Chin J Lab Med, 2016, 39: 936-940)

Key words:
Real-time polymerase chain reaction; Intracellular signalling peptides and proteins; Leukemia, acute promyelocytic
Zebrafish and Flavonoids: Adjuvants against Obesity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity is a pathological condition, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, primarily caused by an energy imbalance. The storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides within the adipocyte leads to lipotoxicity and promotes the phenotypic switch in the M1/M2 macrophage. These changes induce the development of a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, subsequently generating obesity-related complications, commonly known as metabolic syndromes. Over the past decade, obesity has been studied in many animal models. However, due to its competitive aspects and unique characteristics, the use of zebrafish has begun to gain traction in experimental obesity research. To counteract obesity and its related comorbidities, several natural substances have been studied. One of those natural substances reported to have substantial biological effects on obesity are flavonoids. This review summarizes the results of studies that examined the effects of flavonoids on obesity and related diseases and the emergence of zebrafish as a model of diet-induced obesity.
CGIAR Annual Report 1995-1996. Part Two: 25 Years: A Commemoration.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Part two of the 1995-1996 CGIAR Annual Report. This section focuses entirely on the commemoration of the CGIAR's twenty-five anniversary and offers essays by Ismail Serageldin, M.S. Swaminathan, Richard Demuth, Warren Baum, S. Shahid Husain, W. David Hopper, Wilfried Thalwitz, V. Rajagopalan, and Lucia de Vaccaro.
The Dangers of Lead-Styles in the Treatment of Lacrymal Obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

complex composition.It contains creasote, turpentine, paraffin, and eupione, and is obtained by the destructive distillation of Pinus Syl- vestris.Carbolic acid has largely taken the place of this cruder com- pound; but Dr. Whitla says that there are virtues possessed by tar which are not equally enjoyed by its more fashionable rivals.In oakum we have a form of tar-dressing which I heartily recommend to those engaged in hospital-work.
Gain-clamped erbium-doped fibre amplifier for wavelength division multiplexed systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Amplification of multiwavelength signals by an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is becoming critical, due to the proliferation of wavelength division multiplexed systems. However, when a standard EDFA is employed, dissimilarities between signal gains may prove unacceptable. Thus, a novel gain-clamped EDFA is proposed here to tackle the issue of gain tilt, a measure of maximum gain difference. The suitability of the configuration is then investigated through a numerical model, which is developed based on the standard EDFA and fibre laser models.