jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nodding syndrome in Kitgum District, Uganda: association with conflict and internal displacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To test for any temporal association of Nodding syndrome with wartime conflict, casualties and household displacement in Kitgum District, northern Uganda. Methods Data were obtained from publicly available information reported by the Ugandan Ministry of Health (MOH), the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) Project of the University of Sussex in the UK, peer-reviewed publications in professional journals and other sources. Results Reports of Nodding syndrome began to appear in 1997, with the first recorded cases in Kitgum District in 1998. Cases rapidly increased annually beginning in 2001, with peaks in 2003–2005 and 2008, 5–6 years after peaks in the number of wartime conflicts and deaths. Additionally, peaks of Nodding syndrome cases followed peak influxes 5–7 years earlier of households into internal displacement camps. Conclusions Peaks of Nodding syndrome reported by the MOH are associated with, but temporally displaced from, peaks of wartime conflicts, deaths and household internment, where infectious disease was rampant and food insecurity rife.
Recombinant Lipases and Phospholipases and Their Use as Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipases and phospholipases are interfacial enzymes that hydrolyze hydrophobic ester linkages of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. In addition to their role as esterases, these enzymes catalyze a plethora of other reactions; indeed, lipases also catalyze esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions, and phospholipases also show acyltransferase, transacylase and transphosphatidylation activities. Thus, lipases and phospholipases represent versatile biocatalysts that are widely used in various industrial applications, such as for biodiesels, food, nutraceuticals, oil degumming and detergents; minor applications also include bioremediation, agriculture, cosmetics, leather and paper industries. These enzymes are ubiquitous in most living organisms, across animals, plants, yeasts, fungi and bacteria. For their greater availability and their ease of production, microbial lipases and phospholipases are preferred to those derived from animals and plants. Nevertheless, traditional purification strategies from microbe cultures have a number of disadvantages, which include non-reproducibility and low yields. Moreover, native microbial enzymes are not always suitable for biocatalytic processes. The development of molecular techniques for the production of recombinant heterologous proteins in a host system has overcome these constraints, as this allows high-level protein expression and production of new redesigned enzymes with improved catalytic properties. These can meet the requirements of specific industrial process better than the native enzymes. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structural and functional features of lipases and phospholipases, to describe the recent advances in optimization of the production of recombinant lipases and phospholipases, and to summarize the information available relating to their major applications in industrial processes.
Use of Homeopathic Medication for Treatment of Underdeveloped Genetalia in Heifers - A Field Level Study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The study was carried out in 150 heifers; out of them 90 were buffalo heifers and 60 were cow heifers with an average age of 3–4 years. They were presented with a chief compliant of not conceiving. On clinical observations all heifers were having smaller size of external and internal gentiles and they were under weight. They were diagnosed as underdeveloped gentiles and treated with homeopathic medicines. On an average one month after the treatment the 120 heifers started showing the signs of estrus and immediately they were bred with artificial insemination and later they got conceived. The 24 heifers shown the signs of estrus in second cycle and they got conceived after insemination. However 6 heifers could not responded to treatment and advised for culling. It was observed in this study that homeopathic medication used for treatment of underdeveloped genitals can be an alternative treatment for initiating non functional ovaries to functional.
Mobility-Aware Resource Allocation in VLC Networks Using T-Step Look-Ahead Policy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visible light communication (VLC) uses huge license-free spectral bandwidth\nof visible light for high-speed wireless communication. Since each VLC access\npoint covers a small area, handovers of mobile users are inevitable. In order\nto deal with these handovers, developing fast and effective resource allocation\nalgorithms is a challenge. This paper introduces the problem of mobility-aware\noptimization of resources in VLC networks using the T-step look-ahead policy\nand employing the notion of handover efficiency. It is shown that the handover\nefficiency can correlate the overall performance of the network with future\nactions based on the mobility of users. Due to the stationary nature of indoor\noptical wireless channels, future channel state information (CSI) can be\npredicted by anticipating the future locations of users. A resource allocation\nalgorithm is thus proposed, which uses CSI to dynamically allocate network\nresources to users. To solve this mathematically intractable problem, a novel\nrelaxation method is proposed, which proves to be a useful tool to develop\nefficient algorithms for network optimization problems with a proportional\nfairness utility function. The resulting algorithm is extremely faster than the\nprevious method and awareness of mobility enhances the overall performance of\nthe network in terms of rate and fairness utility function.\n
COX‐2 inhibition does not alter wound healing outcomes of a volumetric muscle loss injury treated with a biologic scaffold

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are characterized by a heightened immune response that alters canonical wound healing outcomes and results in a chronic reduction of both total myofiber number and functional capacity. Preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at repairing VML injuries have largely utilized biologic scaffolds (BSs) as a potential therapeutic intervention. BSs rely on the recruitment of a myriad of host-derived immune, stem, and stromal cells to induce a wound healing response that has been routinely characterized as largely fibrous matrix deposition and limited myofiber regeneration at the site of the defect. While the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully elucidated, the role of the immune response and modulation thereof is believed to be critical to BS-mediated wound healing outcomes. Given the known roles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on cyclooxygenase (COX) signaling and of COX signaling on macrophage polarization and myogenesis, it is plausible that prescription of NSAIDs could alter BS-mediated VML repair. To study the effect of COX-2 inhibition on BS-mediated repair of VML, an established rat model of VML was acutely treated with BSs with and without adjunct administration of mavacoxib, a COX-2-specific inhibitor. Evaluation of the function of the affected musculature as well as the tissue-level histomorphology, evaluated at 14 and 90 days postoperatively, suggested that COX-2 inhibition does not alter the baseline repair outcomes of the BS therapy. These studies provide useful information to clinicians regarding the postoperative prescription of NSAIDS in concert with a BS therapy in the treatment of VML.
Three-Axis Flat and Lightweight Force/Torque Sensor for Enhancing Kinesthetic Sensing Capability of Robotic Hand

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When using a robot hand to grip objects, visual information is frequently adopted to determine the external characteristics of objects. However, in reality, purely visual data are insufficient to grasp unspecified objects; somatosensory feedback, which includes tactile and kinesthetic feedbacks, is required to understand the diverse intrinsic properties of objects. We implement a three-axis force/torque (F/T) sensor to measure the interaction force at the joints of a robotic hand and determine the various intrinsic characteristics that aid in grasping previously unknown objects. We primarily focus on a modular, compact, and lightweight structure to embed the sensors in the robotic hand. A novel radially symmetric diaphragm flexure structure is designed to achieve this objective. Several experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the F/T sensor. The functionality of the kinesthetic feedback is demonstrated using a stiffness and weight measurement experiment. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed sensor-embedded robotic hand can measure stiffness and weight with errors of 0.0073 N/mm and 8.72 g, respectively.
Intrusion Detection Evaluation Dataset (CICIDS2017) (07/03/2017 to 07/07/2017)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

CICIDS2017 dataset contains benign and the most up-to-date common attacks, which resembles the true real-world data (PCAPs). It also includes the results of the network traffic analysis using CICFlowMeter with labeled flows based on the time stamp, source and destination IPs, source and destination ports, protocols and attack (CSV files). ; cic@unb.ca
Seawater carbonate chemistry and cell numbers during experiments with dinoflagellates, 2007

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on the growth of 3 red-tide dinoflagellates (Ceratium lineatum, Heterocapsa triquetra and Prorocentrum minimum) were studied at pH 8.0 and at higher pH levels, depending upon the pH tolerance of the individual species. The higher pH levels chosen for experiments were 8.55 for C. lineatum and 9.2 for the other 2 species. At pH 8.0, which approximates the pH found in the open sea, the maximum growth in all species was maintained until the total DIC concentration was reduced below ~0.4 and 0.2 mM for C. lineatum and the other 2 species, respectively. Growth compensation points (concentration of inorganic carbon needed for maintenance of cells) were reached at ~0.18 and 0.05 mM DIC for C. lineatum and the other 2 species, respectively. At higher pH levels, maximum growth rates were lower compared to growth at pH 8, even at very high DIC concentrations, indicating a direct pH effect on growth. Moreover, the concentration of bio-available inorganic carbon (CO2 + HCO3-) required for maintenance as well as the half-saturation constants were increased considerably at high pH compared to pH 8.0. Experiments with pH-drift were carried out at initial concentrations of 2.4 and 1.2 mM DIC to test whether pH or DIC was the main limiting factor at a natural range of DIC. Independent of the initial DIC concentrations, growth rates were similar in both incubations until pH had increased considerably. The results of this study demonstrated that growth of the 3 species was mainly limited by pH, while inorganic carbon limitation played a minor role only at very high pH levels and low initial DIC concentrations.
A Dynamic Analysis of Household Dissolution and Living Arrangement Transitions by Elderly Americans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper exploits the new non-response files of the Panel Study of Tncome Dynamics in order to study living arrangement transitions of elderly Americans.The focus of the paper is an estimate of the probability of household dissolution, i.e., the probabilities of transitions from living independently to living with adult children or other related or unrelated persons and the probability of becoming institutionalized, and an investigation of the factors causing such transitions.Our main result is an astounding stability of living arrangements even after incisive life-events such as death of a spouse, onset of a disability, or in the years immediately preceeding death, in particular the large proportion of elderly who stay living independently until their deaths.Almost two thirds of all elderly are living independently in the year of their deaths.14.4 percent share at least once housing with relatives or friends, 3.1 percent experience a stay in an institution.Old age, being male or of low income significantly increases the risk of institutionalization.Elderly with a large family and nonwhite elderly are the groups most likely to share housing.All this might be expected.An important new finding, however, is the time trend of these probabilities.Holding all other factors constant, the risk of institutionalization increased substantially between 1968 and 1984 while the likelihood of being "taken in" by relatives or friends markedly decreased.
Immune Complex (ICs) generate PD1int CD4+ T cells which are Bcl6+IFN-γ+ unlike exhausted PD1high cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract PD1 is targeted for cancer therapy, however the mechanisms that drive its expression are poorly recognized. Role for Fc-receptors in CD4+ T-cells responses has been ignored in the last decade. We and others have now shown the activation induced expression of CD16a (FcγRIIIa) and CD32 (FcγRIIa) (doi:10389/fimmu.2018.02814). Three groups have now shown that CD32 expression in CD4+ T cells mark HIV-1 provirus enrichment. Thus, we examined whether immune complexes (ICs) by engaging CD16a play a role in PD1 expression and Tfh cell development. Using flow cytometry, biochemical techniques and RNA-seq, we establish a new subset of CD4+ PD1intCD16a+ Tcells. These cells are present in vivo and can be generated in vitro upon IC signaling. These cells express Bcl6+ and produce IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-21. A second population of terminally exhausted PD1highCD16a−Bcl6− do not produce cytokines also exist. CD16a ligation by ICs generates CD4+ T effector cells and relocate endosomal NATLRs to the cell surface for joint signaling with FcRs (JI, 198: 4596, 2017). CD16a signaling up-regulate Tfh transcription factors c-Maf, FOXO, Bcl6, also lincRNA and microRNA associated with TFH/T cell differentiation i.e. miR155, 17HG, 22 and HOTIP. Upregulation of IL-27 and ICOS via CD16a could induce c-Maf expression. CD16a signal in CD4+ T cells showed up-regulation of ubiquitination, heat shock proteins, proteasome assembly, GPCR signaling genes and 1139 genes from GO: 007062 category of extracellular exosomes. Our findings establish a new mechanism that drives PD1 expression. Tfh cells are enriched in HIV-1 provirus and expression of FcRs in such cells suggest their role in viral enrichment. Does CD16a+ mark non-exhausted CD4+ Tfh cells remains an open question.
High-Power DBR-Tapered Laser at 980 nm for Single-Path Second Harmonic Generation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present experimental results about edge-emitting distributed-Bragg-reflector-tapered diode lasers emitting at 980 nm. The investigated lasers show an output power of up to 12 W with a conversion efficiency of about 45%. The lasers also exhibit a small vertical divergence <15deg full-width at half maximum (FWHM), a nearly diffraction-limited beam quality, and a narrow spectral linewidth with FWHM smaller than 12 pm. These properties allow efficient single-pass second harmonic generation with power levels of more than 1 W at 488 nm.
Early and late neonatal mortality in term newborns: Survival differences according to public and private hospitals in Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: A better understanding of neonatal mortality risk factors in Brazil would guide improvements in these indicators. Thus, this study seeks to identify risk factors associated with early and late neonatal mortality stratified by public and private hospitals. Methods: This is a cohort study of newborns between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017. Mortality data were obtained through linkage between two Brazilian national government databases from São Paulo city. Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between maternal and newborn characteristics on ENM (0-6 days) and LNM (7-27 days). Results: In the public sector, mother's age (≥35), gestational age (<38 and ≥41 weeks), inadequate and intermediate Kotelchuk index, cesarean section and low birth weight (LBW) were risk factors for ENM. In the private sector, mother's skin color (black), inadequate Kotelchuk index, parity (2 or more) and LBW were risk factors for ENM, as for the mother's education (university), gestational age of 39 weeks and female sex of the newborn were protective factors for ENM. Furthermore, in the public sector, mother's age (≤19), gestational age (< 38 weeks), inadequate and intermediate Kotelchuk index, cesarean section and LBW were risk factors for LMN. While in the private sector gestational age of ≤ 37 weeks and LBW were risk factors for LNM, on the other hand, mother's education (university) and female sex remain protective factors for LNM. Conclusions: In Brazil, there are differences in mother's characteristics and newborn between women cared for in the public and private sectors that could influence neonatal mortality.
CLINICAL CASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Toxocaroza umană este o zoohelmintoză cauzată de migra-ţia diferitor specii de larve Toxocara prin organismul uman, caracterizată prin afectarea cutanată, pulmonară, oculară, cerebrală, cardiacă ș. a. [2, 3, 4, 5]. Sunt cunoscute patru specii de toxocara: Toxocara canis, Toxocara mystax (cati), Toxocara vitulorum și Toxocara leonina [4]. Cele mai studiate specii patogene pentru om sunt Toxocara canis și Toxocara mysta [2, 8]. Grupul de vârstă cel mai afectat de toxocaroză sunt copiii sub 12 ani, care se joacă de multe ori cu pământul, nisipul din curte, contaminate cu ouă de Toxocara, dar nu se exclude și afectarea persoanelor de alte vârste [4, 5]. Toxocara canis și Toxocara cati sunt răspândite pe tot glo-bul în sol. Ouă ale acestor specii au fost depistate în 2-88% probe de soluri, colectate din diferite ţări și regiuni. Toxocara vitulorum și Toxocara leonine sunt depistate în regiunile tropicale [2]. Omul se infectează, fie prin ingerarea ouălor embrionate din sol (pică, geofagie), fie prin intermediul mâinilor murdare sau legumelor crude, nespălate, fie prin consum de carne cru-dă/semipreparată. Atunci când ouăle embrionate de Toxocara ajung în tractul gastro-intestinal uman, ele eclozează, trans-
Pseudomaevia Rainbow 1920

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pseudomaevia Rainbow, 1920 Type species: Pseudomaevia cognata Rainbow, 1920 by monotypy. Remarks. As well as the male type specimen of P. cognata, a number of extra specimens collected more recently are available. These include females, which are described here. The sexes are considered conspecific because of the similar body forms and color patterns, plus the absence of congeneric species on the island. Female genitalic anatomy is unusual in that there is a well-developed diverticulum or gland arising from the insemination duct not far from the copulatory opening and the insemination duct joins the fertilization duct without any apparent spermatheca (Figs 13–14). The absence of a diverticulum and the presence of a well-developed spermatheca in P. insulana Berland, 1942 and, presumably, P. i. aorai Berland, 1942, shows that they are not congeneric with P. cognata (Żabka 1988). A possibly related genus is Corambis Simon, 1901 from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Żabka 1988, Szűts 2002). Corambis and Pseudomaevia are similar in sharing an elongate general morphology with long strongly built L1’s and in the presence of poorly defined spermathecae with diverticulae and very long, laterally-directed, fertilization ducts. However the ‘flow’ through the systems is in opposite directions, with medially placed fertilization ducts and lateral insemination openings in Corambis, while it is the insemination openings that are medially placed in Pseudomaevia, with lateral fertilization ducts (Figs 13–14). In the male, in Corambis, unlike Pseudomaevia, fringing is present on L1 and there are four large spines on the tibia of L1. In Pseudomaevia (Fig. 6) there is a pair of tibial apophyses on each palp and the long embolus arises from a distinct mound behind the prolateral edge of the tegulum. This then moves away from the tegulum before forming an anti-clockwise quarter circle. There is no conductor separate from the embolus, and no proximal lobe on the tegulum in Pseudomaevia. There are no other obviously related genera, most similar seemingly Baviola Simon, 1898 from the Indian Ocean, and Spilargis Simon, 1902 from Indonesia, New Guinea and the Pacific (Prszyński 2014). However these are both considered members of the Euophryinae while Pseudomaevia is not: for example, the peripheral position of the sperm duct is unlike the distinctive meandering course followed by euophryines. Pseudomaevia also differs from these genera in the absence of obvious spermathecae in the female and the presence of a pair of, rather than a single, tibial apophyses in the male. Several Australian genera, namely Mopsoloides, Mopsus and Sandalodes also lack obvious spermathecae. However, in these genera the ducts have a convoluted structure with the copulatory openings near the posterior edge of the fossa, unlike Pseudomaevia. They are also unident and have a high rounded cephalothorax rather than fissident with a low, flat, parallel-sided cephalothorax.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of Cultural Persuasion Model dimensions (perceived appropriateness, perceived consistency, and perceived effectiveness) and entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial intentions using multiple linear regression method. Methodology- The universe of the research consists of university students studying in Kayseri who have taken an entrepreneurship lesson or have participated in an entrepreneurship course. The survey method was used to collect the research data. The research model was tested with multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis of the data was carried out with the Jamovi 2.3.9 program. Findings- When the results of the multiple linear regression analysis were examined, it was observed that the variables of perceived appropriateness, perceived consistency, perceived effectiveness and entrepreneurship education together had a significant relationship (R=0.83, R2=0.69) with entrepreneurial intention (F(4-149)=82.4, p<0.05). These variables together explain 69% of entrepreneurial intention. When the significance of the regression coefficients of each variable is examined, it is seen that the variables of perceived consistency (β=0.45, p<0.05) and perceived effectiveness (β=0.44, p<0.05) in order of importance are significant predictors of entrepreneurial intention, and perceived appropriateness (β=-0.09, p<0.05) and entrepreneurship education (β=0.11, p>0.05) variables were not found to be significant predictors. Conclusion- As a result of the research, it was found that the dimensions of perceived consistency and perceived effectiveness had a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intention of university students; It was determined that perceived appropriateness and entrepreneurship education did not have a statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. The significant effect of the perceived consistency dimension on the entrepreneurial intention can be interpreted as the personal values of university students and their entrepreneurial activities match, and at this point, the entrepreneurial intention is formed. The significant effect of the perceived effectiveness dimension on the entrepreneurial intention can be interpreted as the fact that university students see entrepreneurship as a suitable career, which forms the basis for their development of entrepreneurial intention. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, perceived appropriateness, perceived consistency, perceived effectiveness, entrepreneurship education. JEL Codes: L26, M1, M21