jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL. BOOK TWO. THERMOSTATIC AIR CLEANER SYSTEMS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The next emissions control system we will examine is the Thermostatic Air Cleaner system, abbreviated TAC. The TAC system helps in controlling auto emissions and also increases vehicle performance and driveability. This book contains: Introduction to emissions control (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, formation of hydrocarbons, formation of carbon monoxide, formation of oxides of nitrogen, ignition timing, and carburetion); System introduction; System/component purpose--(thermostatic type air cleaner, vacuum override motor, air valve type air cleaner, and air bleed valve-temperature sensor); System/component function (thermostatic type air cleaner, vacuum override motor, and air valve type air cleaner); system inspection; system testing (thermostatic type air cleaner test, vacuum override motor test and, air valve type air cleaner test).
Adoption of recommended dairy farming practices by farmers in Maharashtra under Kamdhenu Dattak Gram Yojana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study aimed to measure the extent of adoption of recommended dairy farming practices by farmers of Pune and Nashik divisions of Maharashtra which were selected based on livestock population and milk production in the year 2018-19. From each division two districts were selected randomly and from each district two blocks were selected randomly. From each block one adopted and one non-adopted village under the Kamdhenu Dattak Gram Yojana scheme were selected From each village 15 dairy farmers were selected on random basis. Overall, 240 dairy farmers were selected, as the respondents for this study constituting 120 beneficiaries farmers and 120 non-beneficiaries of the Kamdhenu Dattak Gram Yojana. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interview schedule, discussion, observation and available secondary sources. Findings indicated that the most of beneficiaries (43.33%) were in medium level overall adoption and majority of non-beneficiaries (62.50%) had fallen in low level of overall adoption category on recommended dairy farming practices covering breeding, feeding, health, general management and waste management practices. The overall adoption index of recommended dairy farming practices of beneficiaries (75.31) was found to be more compared to non-beneficiaries (66.75) of the scheme found highly significant at 5 per cent level of probability using â€˜Zâ€™ test. Based on adoption index, maximum adoption of dairy farming practices was found in case of Breeding practices, whereas minimum adoption was found in case of Waste management practices in both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the scheme. The results clearly indicated that the Kamdhenu Dattak Gram Yojana had created positive impact on the adoption level of the beneficiaries of scheme by adopting higher recommended dairy farming practices compared to the non-beneficiaries of the scheme.
Update on dry cow therapy 1. antibiotic v non‐antibiotic approaches

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A two‐part series on the approach to dry cow therapy was previously published in In Practice (Green and others 2002, Bradley and others 2003), and these articles covered much of the relevant science known at the time of publication. Internal teat sealants (iTS) were in their infancy when these articles were written (Orbeseal [Zoetis] was the first iTS to market in the UK and gained authorisation in June 2002), but are now commonly used in UK dairy herds. This article, the first in a two‐part series, briefly describes the evolution of knowledge around the dry period and provides an update on where knowledge, opinions and attitudes to antibiotic and non‐antibiotic approaches used in dry cow therapy have changed. A second part, which will be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice will discuss practical approaches to targeting and justifying antibiotic dry cow therapy, with tips, tricks and challenges on initiating targeted/selective dry cow therapy on farm.
Air-Source Integrated Heat Pump for Near-Zero Energy Houses: Technology Status Report

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report documents the development of an air-source integrated heat pump (AS-IHP) through the third quarter of FY2007. It describes the design, analyses and testing of the AS-IHP, and provides performance specifications for a field test prototype and proposed control strategy. The results obtained so far continue to support the AS-IHP being a promising candidate to meet the energy service needs for DOE's development of a Zero Energy Home (ZEH) by the year 2020.
A TCAM based routing lookup system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a Ternary Content-Addressable Memory(TCAM) based routing lookup system(TRLS), which consists of a routing lookup coprocessor and a routing table management subsystem. A dynamic priority schedule scheme between routing lookup and routing update is proposed and a routing table management scheme particularly for TCAM is given to improve the system performance. This system can perform 100M lookups/second.
Development of a Methodology to Measure Aerodynamic Forces on Pin Fins in Channel Flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The desire for smaller, faster, and more efficient products places a strain on thermal management in components ranging from gas turbine blades to computers. Heat exchangers that utilize internal cooling flows have shown promise in both of these industries. Although pin fins are often placed in the cooling channels to augment heat transfer, their addition comes at the expense of increased pressure drop. Consequently, the pin fin geometry must be judiciously chosen to achieve the desired heat transfer rate while minimizing the pressure drop and accompanying pumping requirements. \n\nThis project culminates in the construction of a new test facility and the development of a unique force measurement methodology. Direct force measurement is achieved with a cantilever beam force sensor that uses sensitive piezoresistive strain gauges to simultaneously measure aerodynamic lift and drag forces on a pin fin. After eliminating the detrimental environmental influences, forces as small as one-tenth the weight of a paper clip are successfully measured. \n\nAlthough the drag of an infinitely long cylinder in uniform cross flow is well documented, the literature does not discuss the aerodynamic forces on a cylinder with an aspect ratio of unity in channel flow. Measured results indicate that the drag coefficient of a cylindrical pin in a single row array is greater than the drag coefficient of an infinite cylinder in cross flow. This phenomenon is believed to be caused by an augmentation of viscous drag on the pin fin induced by the increased viscous effects inherent in channel flow.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Science Learning Outcomes in Grade V Students of Elementary Schools GMIM Pinaras

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Starting froml the problemls found at GMLIML Pinaras Elemlentary School regarding low student learning outcomles caused by the domlinance of conventional learning processes, researchers conducted research at the school by imlplemlenting an innovative learning mlodel. The aiml of this research is to find out how to apply the Probleml Based Learning MLodel to imlprove science learning outcomles for fifth grade students at GMLIMLPinaras Elemlentary School. Researchers used a classrooml action research (PTK) design including four stages, namlely: (1) planning, (2) action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection which was carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this research were fifth grade students at GMLIML Pinaras Elemlentary School using the Probleml Based Learning learning mlodel. The data collection technique was carried out through observation, namlely by directly observing the imlplemlentation of learning actions and written tests to determline the extent to which students were able to understand the mlaterial froml the two cycles. The results obtained in cycle I reached 69%, while in cycle II student learning outcomles reached 88%. Students understood and were able to achieve the expected learning objectives. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that GMLIML Pinaras Elemlentary School teachers are expected to apply the Probleml Based Learning learning mlodel to imlprove the science learning outcomles of fifth grade students at GMLIML Pinaras Elemlentary School.
Measuring arbitrary-order coherences: Tomography of single-mode multiphoton polarization-entangled states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A scheme is discussed for measuring Nth-order coherences of two orthogonally polarized light fields in a single spatial mode at very limited experimental cost. To implement the scheme, the only measurements needed are the Nth-order intensity moments after the light beam has passed through two quarter-wave plates, one half-wave plate, and a polarizing beam splitter for specific settings of the wave plates. It is shown that this method can be applied for arbitrarily large N. A set of explicit values is given for the settings of the wave plates, constituting an optimal measurement of the Nth-order coherences for any N. For Fock states the method introduced here corresponds to a full state tomography. Applications of the scheme to systems other than polarization optics are discussed.
P223: Multiplex detection and quantification of neurological disease-associated repeat expansions using the PacBio Sequel IIe platform

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Expansion of simple DNA sequence repeats is a common cause of hereditary neurological disease. Traditionally, PCR or Southern blotting have been used for the clinical detection of repeat expansions, though these methods suffer from laborious workflows and limited ability to quantify expansion length. While economical, efforts to solve this challenge using short-read next-generation sequencing (≤300 bp reads) have struggled to resolve large-repeat expansions. By contrast, PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing has recently emerged as a technology capable of accurately quantifying repeat motifs within challenging genomic loci.
Compound heterozygous variants in WLS gene causes Zaki syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Biallelic Wnt ligand secretion mediator ( WLS gene) variants are associated with Zaki syndrome (OMIM: #619648). Here, we report the first case with Zaki syndrome in the Chinese population. Whole‐exome gene sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous variants in the WLS gene (c.1427A > G; p.Tyr476Cys and c.415C > T, p.Arg139Cys; NM_001002292) in a 16‐year‐old boy presenting with facial dysmorphism, astigmatism, renal agenesis, and cryptorchidism. In vitro functional characterization showed that the two variants led to decreased WLS production and secretion of WNT3A, eventually affecting the WNT signal. We also found that the decreased mutant WLS expression can be rescued by 4‐Phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA).
Effects of mindful emotion regulation on parents’ loneliness and social support: A longitudinal study during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced unprecedented challenges and demands for parents or caregivers of children who experienced disruptions in social support and feelings of isolation. Mindful emotion regulation may be a resilient factor for parents’ psychosocial outcomes. Mindful emotion regulation refers to individuals’ inherent capacities to regulate emotions mindfully, i.e., through paying attention to one’s experiences in the present moment nonjudgmentally. Based on the theoretical and empirical literature associating mindful emotion regulation with loneliness and perceived social support, the current study tested the effects of mindful emotion regulation on later changes in perceived social support and loneliness in U.S. parents during the pandemic. Participants were 147 parents/caregivers who were living with at least one child or adolescent in their household during the pandemic in the USA. Data were collected from a national online sample at four time points: baseline (April 7–21, 2020), 30-, 60-, and 90-days later. Results of longitudinal mediational structural equation modeling showed that mindful emotion regulation was directly associated with increased perceived social support and decreased loneliness. Moreover, mindful emotion regulation was also associated with perceived social support indirectly through its effects on loneliness. Focusing on the needs of parents is important for promoting family and child wellbeing to ameliorate negative health consequences. More research is needed to elucidate whether and how mindful emotion regulation may be beneficial for parents in the social relationship domain.
A close look on privacy protection as a non-price parameter of competition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Competition in data-driven markets creates tension between undertakings’ incentives and consumers’ online privacy. Driven by the need to collect and process as much personal data as possible, online firms have caused significant privacy harms, drawing attention to their data processing activities. In this context, a great number of consumers have expressed dissatisfaction about privacy-intrusive practices. Accordingly, privacy-sensitive consumers should choose their online service providers based on the higher or lower degree of privacy protection they offer, all other things equal. However, a reality check shows that privacy protection has not emerged as a meaningful competition parameter. This article explores and disentangles the causes of this counter-intuitive phenomenon, showing that, for privacy protection to serve as a meaningful competition parameter, four conditions must be met. As these conditions are not presently fulfilled, privacy protection as a competition parameter is currently a theoretical construction. This finding motivates two important policy prescriptions.
Active camber for enhancing path following and yaw stability of over-actuated autonomous electric vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Active safety systems contribute significantly to the safe driving of autonomous vehicles in hazardous circumstances. However, conventional active safety systems that mainly depend on braking intervention may not yield the desired vehicle behaviour in critical situations where the tyre forces tend to saturate. Over-actuation through individually cambering the wheels provides a possibility of overcoming this difficulty, as extra lateral tyre forces can potentially be produced. This paper presents active camber for improving the path following and yaw stability performance of over-actuated autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). With a modified Dugoff tyre model, the camber effect on the lateral tyre force is modelled as an effective linear component. The modified tyre model, together with a double-track vehicle model, is utilised for active camber of the AEVs. The camber controller is developed in the framework of model predictive control (MPC), including both actuator- and safety-related constraints. The camber controller is investigated at different camber rates and road friction levels, in terms of path following, yaw stability and vehicle velocity gain.
Dynamics in lamina size in a bahia grass ( Paspalum notatum ) pasture under cattle grazing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dynamics in weight, length and weight per unit length of individual laminae (live and dead) on a tiller were investigated for 2 years in a bahia grass ( Paspalum notatum ) pasture under cattle grazing. For the youngest fully expanded lamina, its history, mature length and fate were also estimated to evaluate the degree of removal of lamina length through defoliation by animals and detachment as litter fall. Lamina weight per tiller, ranging from 36‐200 mg/tiller DM, was high in May‐October (late spring to mid-autumn) and low in the other half of the year. The youngest to sixth youngest laminae (L1‐L6; usually live laminae) accounted for 62.5‐91.0% of the lamina weight per tiller. Weight, length and weight per unit length of laminae (L1‐L12) ranged from 0.0‐48.0 mg DM, 0‐326 mm and 0.035‐0.255 mg/mm DM, respectively, often varying with lamina age and season. Variations in lamina weight were largely explained by variations in lamina length, with no consistent contribution by lamina weight per unit length. Laminae lost 16‐64% of their mature length through grazing by animals before and immediately after attaining full expansion. In the 2 months after full expansion, they lost an additional 24‐79% of mature length through defoliation by animals and detachment as litter fall, with total removal of 88‐99%. The study shows how the history and fate of individual laminae on a tiller can be estimated in terms of their appearance and development. This model, in combination with previously developed models for dynamics in tiller density and tiller weight, is useful for simulation studies on canopy dynamics in bahia grass swards.
[Aneurysm of the interauricular septum: an exceptional cause of late systolic click. Echocardiographic diagnosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 54 years old patient was referred for echocardiographic study because of a non-ejective click, diagnosed as mitral valve prolapse syndrome. 2d and M mode ultrasonic study showed a normal mitral valve and atrial septum aneurysm. The pathogenic and echocardiographic features of the inter atrial septum aneurysms are discussed.
Corruption in higher education in Nigeria : prevalence, structures and patterns among students of higher education institutions in Nigeria.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS VII LIST OF FIGURES XI LIST OF TABLES XII TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII Chapter One: Introduction and Background 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and outline of research problem 1 1.2 Research objectives 12 1.3 Research questions 13 1.4 Scope of the study 13 1.5 Significance of the study 14 1.6 Overview of the Study 17 1.7 Chapter summary 19 Chapter Two: Theoretical Framework 20 2.0 Introduction 20 2.1 Ontology, Epistemology, Theory, and Methodology 21 2.2 Theories of corruption 23 2.2.1 Public choice theory 24 2.2.2 Bad apple theories 25 2.2.3 Organizational culture theories 26 2.2.4 Clashing moral values theories 27 2.3 Types of corruption 29
Phase diagram of the Frenkel-Kontorova-Devonshire model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study a generalization of the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model where the usual harmonic spring potential between neighboring atoms is replaced by a phenomenological potential identical in form to a sixth-degree Landau free-energy functional proposed by Devonshire. The resulting model is a natural extension of current FK-type models with nonconvex interactions. It also provides a first step toward the construction of a theory of the structure of an epitaxial film that undergoes a first-order phase transition from a high-symmetry phase to a degenerate low-symmetry phase. The phase diagram is obtained as a function of temperature and misfit (for representative choices of the remaining parameters) by use of the effective potential method of Griffiths and Chou. Among other unusual features, we find commensurate phases and soliton structures in which all competing phases are present simultaneously.
Water skiing -- Marine stadium, 1958

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

13 images. Water skiing -- Marine stadium, 4 August 1958. Vicki Van Hook; Mickey Amsbry. "Sports". (Sleeve reads: SP 12370).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Rustan. Date: 1958-08-03. Assignment: Water skiing, Marine stadium. Long Beach. 79/80: Vicki Van Hook, World's Jump Champ (girls under 17 years) and National Girls Champion (girls under 17 years). 5/6/3/4/25/26/51/52/99/100/: L to R Yvonne Van Hook, and her daughter Vicki Van Hook. Vicki, 13, is World's Jump Champ (girls under 17 years) with a new record of 72 feet and Overall National Girls Champion (girls under 17). Mother, who is not in the competition, helps daughter to work out for the Western Regional Championships to be held Aug. 8, 9, and 10 at Medford, Ore., where Vicki won top honors the last 3 years".
Transfusion and HIV.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over a decade has passed since the first cases of AIDS were reported in hemophiliacs and transfusion recipients. Studies published over the past year offer an increasingly clear understanding of the extent of the early transfusion-associated AIDS epidemic, and of the effectiveness of progressive donor screening measures in safeguarding the blood supply from HIV. Although a number of recent studies have confirmed that the residual risk of HIV infection from blood and blood components is very small, effort continues toward development of new screening tests and viral inactivation procedures. Deciding whether these procedures warrant implementation will be a major challenge in the upcoming years.
Using a Semantic Network Application as an Enhanced Metadata Repository

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As part of the German Medical Informatics Initiative, data integration centers have been established to consolidate clinical data for further research. At the University Hospital of Gießen a central FHIR repository acts as the data core of the data integration center. To allow researchers efficient navigation within the data sets, a semantic network application from neuropathology has been reused as an enhanced metadata repository. First results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and show directions for further improvement.
Detection of p53 gene mutations in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using a p53 yeast functional assay: possible difference in esophageal carcinogenesis between the young and the elderly group.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A p53 yeast functional assay, which cannot only detect p53 gene mutations but also can assess p53 gene function, was used to screen for p53 gene dysfunction in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Surgically resected frozen tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas from 57 patients were examined for p53 gene mutation. Because the mean age of the patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 64 years, we classified those who were <65 years of age as the Young Group and classified the others as the Elderly Group. The incidence of p53 gene mutations was 43 of 57 (75%). The incidence of p53 gene mutations observed in the Young Group was significantly higher than in the Elderly Group (P = 0.0007). Alcohol and smoking status did not relate to p53 gene mutation expression. Survival rate after surgery was not significantly associated with the presence of p53 gene mutation. However, in the Young Group with p53 gene mutation, those who had null mutations had a significantly shorter survival than those without null mutations (P = 0.0455). No other clinicopathological factors were associated with p53 gene mutations. Possibly, there may be a difference in esophageal carcinogenesis between the Young and the Elderly groups, because the incidence of p53 gene mutations is different between the two groups. In the Young Group, p53 gene mutation may cause esophageal carcinogenesis, and null mutation for p53 gene is a significant prognostic factor.