jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of allergens in Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica and Echinococcus granulosus.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Various antigens interacting specifically with IgE antibodies from infected humans were identified in S. mansoni, F. hepatica and E. granulosus soluble extracts by means of radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Two allergens common to adult worm and cercariae were identified in S. mansoni extracts. They proved to be distinct from genus--or species--specific antigens previously identified in the parasite. In adult F. hepatica extract a species-specific antigen and another lipoprotein were shown to interact with IgE antibodies of patients with fasciolasis. Two major allergens were also found in whole fluid of sheep E. granulosus cysts. One of them corresponded to Echinococcus genus specific antigen. These results are discussed according to immunological findings in parasitic infections.
Host adaptation mechanisms and transcriptional regulation in Campylobacter jejuni

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness causing >100 million human cases each year worldwide. In contrast to other important enteropathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella spp., C. jejuni appears to lack a set of classical virulence traits, like adhesins, type III secretion system and toxins. Nevertheless the bacterium is equipped with a large repertoire of adaptation skills that influence bacterial surface properties, metabolism and behavior. These adaptation skills may contribute to bacterial virulence by enabling the bacteria to rapidly alter their phenotype and metabolism in response to changes in the environment. The major goal of the work described in this thesis was to gain insight in essential steps in the adaptation of C. jejuni and to assess the effects of variation in bacterial phenotype on survival and immunity. The results described in this thesis contribute to the understanding of the infection process by providing novel molecular and cellular insights in the C. jejuni repertoire of environmental adaptation. We characterized a functional C. jejuni Tat secretion machinery, which is necessary for the transport of different proteins essential for adaptation to nutrient and oxygen limited conditions and to colonize chickens. Additional studies revealed that a C. jejuni tatC mutant is defective in different virulence related strategies. This might indicate that environmental adaptation via the Tat system plays a fundamental role in Campylobacter virulence. Next we described the existence of two novel complementary lipid A modifying enzymes. We obtained evidence that these enzymes determine the ratio between N- and O-linked fatty acyl chains in the lipid A part. This ratio influences the resistance to antimicrobial peptides as well as the ability to activate the pro-inflammatory TLR4/MD-2 innate immune pathway. The lipid A modification may thus enhance the immune evasive properties of the organism. Analysis of the function of two-component systems as regulators of bacterial metabolic adaptation revealed a role for the RacS-RacR two-component regulatory system. First we discovered that the conformation of the RacS sensor protein, and thereby the activity of the RacS-RacR system, is dependent on a functional C. jejuni Dsb system. In addition evidence was obtained that this two-component system regulates metabolic processes during conditions of oxygen limitation. These results showed that the RacS-RacR system fine-tunes the metabolic pathways of C. jejuni so that it can survive and quickly respond to changes in nutrient and oxygen availability. These changes likely occur in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and chicken and might be central for C. jejuni virulence. Our results add novel knowledge on bacterial adaptation and survival mechanisms which may provide an important basis for novel strategies as to how to reduce the presence of C. jejuni and thus contribute to food safety and human health
Evaluating Joint Morbidity after Chondral Harvest for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To establish if harvesting cartilage to source chondrocytes for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) results in donor site morbidity. Design Twenty-three patients underwent ACI for chondral defects of either the ankle or the hip. This involved cartilage harvest from the knee (stage I), chondrocyte expansion in the laboratory and implantation surgery (stage II) into the affected joint. Prior to chondral harvest, no patient had sought treatment for their knee. Lysholm knee scores were completed prior to chondral harvest and annually post-ACI. Histological analyses of the donor site were performed at 12.3 ± 1.5 months for 3 additional patients who had previously had ACI of the knee. Results The median preoperative Lysholm score was 100, with no significant differences observed at either 13.7±1.7 months or 4.8±1.8 years postharvest (median Lysholm scores 91.7 and 87.5, respectively). Patients whose cartilage was harvested from the central or medial trochlea had a significantly higher median Lysholm score at latest follow-up (97.9 and 93.4, respectively), compared with those taken from the intercondylar notch (median Lysholm score 66.7). The mean International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II histological score for the biopsies taken from the donor site of 3 additional knee ACI patients was 117 ± 10 (maximum score 140). Conclusions This study suggests that the chondral harvest site in ACI is not associated with significant joint morbidity, at least up to 5 years postharvest. However, one should carefully consider the location for chondral harvest as this has been shown to affect knee function in the longer term.
Annual cycles of body weight in the Namie's frosted bat, Vespertilio superans superans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to elucidate the circannual cycles of fat deposition and depletion in hibernating bats, annual rhythm of body weight was examined in Vespertilio superans superans under a variety of environmental conditions. Under near natural conditions, adult females put on weight rapidly from October to November. The laboratory born subadult females kept in constant darkness at warm temperature gained weight at the same time as the adults. The length of weight cycle was about 10 months in adult females kept in 14 L : 10 D at about 24°C. These results suggest that cycles of fat deposition and loss are controlled by a modifiable endogenous circannual rhythm. Body weight rhythm persisted normally under warmer environmental conditions preventing the bats from hibernation. It is considered that the circannual cycles of fat gain and loss are relatively stable and not dependent on the hibernation cycle. Prolonged gestation period and delayed beginning of lactation by cold environment in summer did not affect the body weight rhythm. Temperature may be a more important environmental stimulus (or Zeitgeber) for the circannual rhythm than light and its effects may vary with phases.
Long-Distance Trafficking: Lost in Transit or Stopped at the Gate?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using Arabidopsis thaliana micrografts, a recent Breakthrough Report by [Paultre et al. (2016)][1] showed scion-expressed, fluorescent protein-tagged signal peptides in the root unloading zone of wild-type rootstocks. This finding indicates that tagged proteins formed in the companion cells entered
Unraveling the Quantum Computing Frontier

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum computing, based on the theory of quantum mechanics, revolutionizes information processing with amazing computational power. This article addresses quantum computing and discusses its current and future advances. First, it defines quantum computing and explains qubits, quantum entanglement, and quantum gates. Next, it discusses the recent decade's technical advances in qubits, quantum supremacy, and key experiments. It also examines quantum algorithm's applications in cryptography, drug and gene discovery, material design, optimisation, and ML to demonstrate its potential to advance development. However, practical quantum computing confronts significant error rates, scalability limitations, and ethical concerns. This study examines these challenges and their solutions and preventives. It predicts quantum computing technology's growth, impact on many industries, and societal effects. This study seeks to improve knowledge of quantum computing and understanding quantum computing's limitations and prospects may improve it and create a new information processing method.
Glioblastoma Multiforme: Geographic Variations in Tumor Size, Treatment Options, and Survival Rate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a destructive brain cancer that results in death 12 to 15 months after diagnosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine if variations in tumor size at diagnosis, treatment options, and survival rate occur in GBM patients living in urban and rural areas of the United States. Using the behavior model of health services as the theoretical framework, this study used secondary data sets of GBM cases reported from 1988 to 2011 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Tumor size was measured in millimeters; treatment was evaluated by ascertaining the number of GBM patients who had surgical resection of their tumors, radiation, and chemotherapy; and survival rate was evaluated using Cox Regression analysis. With a sample size of 33,202 cases, data were examined using descriptive and multivariable analyses with SPSS. Results showed statistically significant differences in tumor size at diagnosis in rural patients compared to urban patients (p = 0.0085; p = 0.018), more urban patients were treated with radiation compared to rural patients (p < 0.001), and rural patients had poorer survival rates than urban patients (p < 0.001). Finally, when controlling for region, race, age, gender, education, and income, longer survival time was associated with urban status, female cases, and higher family income (p < 0.0001), and greater age was associated with reduced survival time (p < 0.0001). Study results could promote positive social change by identifying predictive variables associated with health outcomes of GBM patients. It may also educate providers on the risk of rurality of patients diagnosed with GBM, and inform lawmakers responsible for the creation of healthcare policy and the equitable allocation of healthcare resources.
Mangrove Vegetation Condition Based on Mangrove Canopy Cover Distribution in, Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mangrove vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems, yet its existence is increasingly threatened by human activities. Rembang Subdistrict is one of the areas affected by these threats. This study aims to analyse the condition of mangrove vegetation based on canopy cover using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in three coastal villages of Rembang Subdistrict: Pasar Banggi, Tireman, and Kabongan Lor. NDVI is suitable for mangrove analysis because it sensitively reflects vegetation density and health, allowing accurate detecteion of mangrove conditions. Canopy cover distribution was obtained from the processing of Sentinel-2A satellite imagery acquired in September 2024 with standard corrections. The mangrove vegetation condition was determined based on the guidelines for inventory and identification of critical land by the Ministry of Forestry (2005). The results show that NDVI values ranged from 0.2 to 0.6, indicating variations from sparse to dense mangrove cover. Such variation suggests localized degradation patterns within the mangrove ecosystem. Further research is needed to enrich the data and serve as a guide for mangrove area development in Rembang Subdistrict.
Studies on combining ability in okra through diallel analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Variance due to general and specific combining abilities were significant for different characters in okra. Combining ability study in okra revealed that the ratio2sca/2gca were greater than unity indicating preponderance of additive gene for the expression of characters under study. Among parents, IC-73352, Okra No.-6, Pb-8, VB-9101 and Punjab Padmini for days to 50% flowering; Punjab-8, IC-73352, BO-1, Okra No 6 and IC-69117 for plant height; BO-1, Okra No. 6, IC-73352, Pb-8, IC-69117, Arka Abhay and VRO-3 for number of branches/plant; Punjab-8, Punjab Padmini, IC-69117, IC-73352, Arka Abhay for number of fruits/plant; Punjab Padmini, VRO-3, Arka Abhay, and Punjab8 and IC-69117 for pod yield/plant were found good general combiners. However, in specific combining ability study, the cross, VRO-3 x Arka Abhay and Punjab Padmini x Arka Abhay for pod yield/plant; VRO-3 x IC-69117 for plant height; Punjab-8 x BO-1 for number of branches/plant; IC-73352 x Punjab Padmini for number of pods/plant; VRO-3 x IC-73352 for pod length; Punjab-8 x IC-68364 for pod diameter; Punjab-8 x IC-69117 for pod weight; IC73352 x VB-9101 for number of seeds/pod exhibit high specific combing ability.
Healthcare Providers’ Resilience Communication: A New Type of Patient-Centered Communication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patient-centered communication (PCC) is considered a key component of quality healthcare, with reported levels of PCC rising over the last decade. However, engagement with patient emotions and uncertainty have been slower to rise, and healthcare providers at times use PCC behaviors to manipulate patients. Healthcare providers' use of the communication theory of resilience's (CTR) processes could benefit patients. A cross-sectional survey in the United States (N = 486) tested associations between CTR processes and patient satisfaction and perceived physical and mental health. All five core CTR processes were positively correlated with patient outcomes. When controlling for traditional PCC behaviors: (a) crafting normalcy, identity anchors, and alternative logics were positively related to patient satisfaction, (b) no processes were related to perceived mental health, and (c) communication networks, alternative logics, and productive action were positively related to perceived physical health. Condition severity moderated three associations. At moderate-high severity, crafting normalcy and communication networks were positively related to perceived mental health, and crafting normalcy was positively related to perceived physical health. Findings extend CTR into the patient-provider relationship and demonstrate the practical potential of CTR processes for improving patient outcomes. The study also forwards a measure of healthcare provider resilience communication (HPRC).
Philosophy, Value, and Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract An exploration of the idea of education and values associated with the practice of education, this chapter investigates whether some of these values are internal to the practice. Education is neither a quality of character, like a virtue, nor is it a particular relationship, like friendship. It is a human activity involving a large number of participants, and a culture and civilization-specific tradition of its own. Within the core strand of the meaning of ‘education’, education is an intrinsically worthy activity; also, the activity or practice of education has goods that are internal to it, the pursuit of which requires the exercise of the virtues. To think of value education as separable from other streams of education involves a profound misunderstanding of the concept of education. Education, as a process and a practice, is impregnated with value.
“Families should stay together”: intergenerational attitudes among South African youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article we contest the widespread view that the social or political consciousness that developed among South African youth, as a result of their role in the uprisings of the 1980s, led them to reject the authority of the older generation, in their families and generally. Using the results of a national probability-sample survey among youth of the four main race groups in South Africa, we argue that an assumed political consciousness is not a helpful variable to use in understanding South African youth and their attitudes towards the values of their parents. We go on to disaggregate “youth” according to parental presence and roles during childhood; to find various and changing patterns of parenting, including the importance of grandmothers; and to argue that intergenerational attitudes among young people differ importantly according to these differing formative experiences.
ChatCounselor: A Large Language Models for Mental Health Support

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper presents ChatCounselor, a large language model (LLM) solution designed to provide mental health support. Unlike generic chatbots, ChatCounselor is distinguished by its foundation in real conversations between consulting clients and professional psychologists, enabling it to possess specialized knowledge and counseling skills in the field of psychology. The training dataset, Psych8k, was constructed from 260 in-depth interviews, each spanning an hour. To assess the quality of counseling responses, the counseling Bench was devised. Leveraging GPT-4 and meticulously crafted prompts based on seven metrics of psychological counseling assessment, the model underwent evaluation using a set of real-world counseling questions. Impressively, ChatCounselor surpasses existing open-source models in the counseling Bench and approaches the performance level of ChatGPT, showcasing the remarkable enhancement in model capability attained through high-quality domain-specific data.
The Relevance of Shame in Dog-Human Relationships

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The general claim behind the use of psychiatric service dogs is that the dogs, given their individual training, can provide a bigger sense of independency and safety for people struggling with mental health issues such as PTSD . Struggling with these types of mental health issues is thought to be associated with a self-undermining feeling of shame that, in turn, reinforces the mental health issue in question. This particular experience is, we believe, not present, or present in only a limited sense, in a positive emotional relationship with a dog. Thus, understanding the phenomenon of shame and its influence on the dog-human relationship may help us understand why such a relationship can be beneficiary to people struggling with PTSD and possibly a variety of other mental health issues. The concept of shame is most suitably thought of as a social and relational phenomenon. That is, as an emotion elicited by others and related to certain societal and cultural standards, ideals and norms. Shame is experienced as a painful emotion that negatively affects our self-perception and includes the risk of producing a self-undermining shame that can lead to social withdrawal and a continuous vicious circle of shame. In this article we address these psychological phenomena from within a philosophical framework, and we argue that a positive relationship between a dog and a human can provide a valuable social space in which shame becomes less present. Such a social space necessitates the presence of a connection between relational beings—i.e., beings with advanced mental and emotional capacities. Thus, we argue that the understanding of any dog-human relationship must include an approach beyond the somewhat still existing confines of objective natural science and its implied skepticism and agnosticism towards animal mind. We introduce an approach to dog life and dog-human relationships inspired by phenomenology. This approach enables an understanding of the dog as a bodily being, who lives in and experiences the world around her in co-existence with relevant similar others, including humans. We argue that such an approach is a sound way of trying to understand dog-human relationships and provides a key to a better understanding of the concept of shame in connection with such relationships.
Identifying Conditions\nfor Protein Synthesis Inside\nGiant Vesicles Using Microfluidics toward Standardized Artificial\nCell Production

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To expand the range of practical applications of artificial\ncells,\nit is important to standardize the production process of giant (cell-sized)\nvesicles that encapsulate reconstituted biochemical reaction systems.\nFor this purpose, a rapidly developing microfluidics-based giant vesicle\ngeneration system is a promising approach, similar to the droplet\nassay systems that are already widespread in the market. In this study,\nwe examined the composition of the solutions used to generate vesicles\nencapsulating the <i>in vitro</i> transcription–translation\n(IVTT) system. We show that tuning of the lipid composition and adding\npoly(vinyl alcohol) to the outer solution improved the stability of\nthe transition process into the lipid membrane so that protein synthesis\nproceeded in vesicles. The direct integration of α-hemolysin\nnanopores synthesized <i>in situ</i> was also demonstrated.\nThese protein-synthesizing monodisperse giant vesicles can be prepared\nby using a simple microfluidic fabrication/operation with a commercial\nIVTT system.
Effect of juvenility on cutting propagation of red pitaya

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is an exotic fruit species little known in Brazil and which needs basic studies about plant nutrition, propagation and physiology. Emphasizing the co-existence of juvenile and adult stages in the pitaya canopy, the plant is generally propagated by cuttings. Materials and methods. A completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications was adopted. Each treatment was represented by the part of the canopy from which the cutting was taken ( upper, middle and lower cutting and cuttings from young plants). The following variables were registered: % cuttings with roots, % of live cuttings, root density, root diameter, root area, root length and root dry mass. Results were submitted to variance analyses, Tukey's test at 0.01 probability error and simple correlation analysis. Results and discussion. The results indicated that the position from which the cutting is taken had a quantitative effect on rooting formation of pitaya cuttings. Juvenile cuttings presented 35% more cuttings with roots than adult cuttings. Root density, root area, root length and root dry mass depended on juvenility, the highest results being registered for juvenile cuttings, independently of the variable. Conclusion. Juvenile and adult stages co-exist in the pitaya canopy. Juvenility is an important rooting factor for red pitaya cuttings.
Blood carbon monoxide levels in persons 3-74 years of age: United States, 1976-80.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This report presents national estimates of the distribution of carbon monoxide levels in the blood of persons ages 3 to 74 years in the United States by age, smoking status, race, urbanization status of residence, annual family income, and season of the year. These findings will be described and analyzed further in a report in the Vital and Health Statistics series (in preparation). In this report the relative contributions of the four principal sources of carbon monoxide (smoking, ambient or outdoor exposures, occupational exposures, and indoor exposures) to COHb levels are examined. Of these, smoking is the most significant and widespread, although in special circumstances each of the other contributors assumes some importance.