jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolution of remotely measured inner magnetospheric ion temperatures during a geomagnetic storm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Previous studies have demonstrated that with the Medium Energy Neutral Atom instrument aboard the IMAGE spacecraft it is possible to remotely measure the ion temperature of the terrestrial magnetosphere during periods of strong geomagnetic activity. However, neutral atom imaging of the magnetosphere during quiet intervals is more difficult. In this work we show that by mapping neutral atom fluxes obtained over many days of observation to an equatorial plane fixed in geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinates, it is possible to construct neutral atom images of the quiet time magnetosphere. Enhanced neutral fluxes in the energy range of 1–70 keV/nucleon are observed in the quiet time premidnight region. A superposed‐epoch analysis of multiple storm intervals also permits imaging of the ion temperature structure as a function of time through a geomagnetic storm. Using nearly 40 geomagnetic storms to produce average ion temperature maps as a function of storm phase, we find that there are significant differences between the spatial distribution of neutral fluxes and ion heating during the main phase of storms. Pronounced ion heating (up to 12 keV) is observed on the dayside during storm main phase from 5 to 8 Earth radii. During the early recovery phase, the ion temperature on the dayside drops to approximately 9 keV, and a colder region of approximately 6.5 keV persists near predawn. In the late recovery phase of the storm the ion temperature throughout the inner magnetosphere appears to relax to a nearly uniform 8 keV.
Towards Integration of a Dedicated Memory Controller and Its Instruction Set to Improve Performance of Systems Containing Computational SRAM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In-memory computing (IMC) aims to solve the performance gap between CPU and memories introduced by the memory wall. However, it does not address the energy wall problem caused by data transfer over memory hierarchies. This paper proposes the data-locality management unit (DMU) to efficiently transfer data from a DRAM memory to a computational SRAM (C-SRAM) memory allowing IMC operations. The DMU is tightly coupled within the C-SRAM and allows one to align the data structure in order to perform effective in-memory computation. We propose a dedicated instruction set within the DMU to issue data transfers. The performance evaluation of a system integrating C-SRAM within the DMU compared to a reference scalar system architecture shows an increase from ×5.73 to ×11.01 in speed-up and from ×29.49 to ×46.67 in energy reduction, versus a system integrating C-SRAM without any transfer mechanism compared to a reference scalar system architecture.
A Conceptual Framework to Program Risk Management Bruno Rafael Dias de Lucena

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The benefits associated with program risk management are related to increasing the program capability to meet its strategic objectives. Despite the popularity of risk management in projects, the discussion on program risk management is quite recent. Some initiatives have emerged to adjust the project risk management concepts and techniques for use in programs, but the dissimilarities in their natures and goals make them unsatisfactory. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the risk management process in programs and deploying it without losing the strategic perspective. Contrasting with the existing published guidelines for program risk management, the framework presented emphasizes the strategic and dynamic character of program management thus exposing important aspects of program risk management often neglected, among them: (a) because program management subject matter changes with the program lifecycle phase, and with revisions of strategic objectives, risk management must be well integrated into program management structure and processes;(b) in planning risk management it must be recognized that the risk identification process also varies according to the phase of the program, having different objectives, involving different people, and requiring different analyses and treatment; (c) program risks may arise at different levels of management and it is up to the program management to recognize what risks it must manage, which ones it may just monitor, and which ones it must delegate completely to the project management level; (d) for the same token, program management must be able bring to the attention of top management risks of strategic importance that are not visible to them (i.e. originated in the program or project realm). Though the focus of the paper is on the program management as a special organizational device, the framework extends to different levels of management. The program characteristics necessary to make this approach applicable are discussed.
Social phobia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this open, prospective, structured, naturalistic study of the efficacy of long-term treatment in social phobia 93 consecutive outpatients suffering from severe generalized or circumscribed social phobia (median Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale score 83) and a high degree of concomitant psychiatric disease were administered treatment with moclobemide (712 +/- 75 mg/day at steady state). Fifty-nine patients who responded (Clinical Global Impression for Change: very much/much improved) completed 2 years of treatment. Patients then entered a drug-free period of at least 1 month during which 88% of the patients deteriorated. In a further 2-year treatment period with moclobemide those patients who had deteriorated became responders again. Symptoms recurred in a substantial number of the patients at the end of the study when the dose was reduced and then discontinued. Post-study follow up at 6-24 months after study completion found that 63.2% of patients were almost asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms, 15.8% were off all treatment, 28.1% were back on moclobemide, 10.6% were taking another psychotropic drug and 8.8% were in psychotherapy. All previous non-responders to moclobemide and mostly alcohol abusers (36.9%), had moderate or severe social phobia and were off all treatment (13.3%), on psychotherapy (15.9%) or on another psychotropic drug (8.8%). Discriminant analysis correctly predicted outcome in 93.5% of all patients. Alcohol abuse was by far the strongest predictor of negative outcome. Coexisting generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymia were less potent in this regard, whereas high baseline Hamilton anxiety or depression scale scores, circumscribed social phobia, or social phobia unassociated with avoidant personality disorder were predictors of a positive outcome. In conclusion, severe social phobia can be successfully treated in the long-term but many patients may need medication or psychotherapy for many years. Treatment should start as early as possible because complications such as alcohol abuse make treatment difficult.
Long non-coding RNA BLACAT1 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation through sponging miR-361.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two regulatory axes of BLACAT1-EZH2-MAPK and BLACAT1-HDAC1-STAT3 were identified to be associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Both chidamide and 5-azacytidine represent promising therapeutic options in prostate cancer treatment.
Phase-front shaping of extended beams in waveguide arrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. Coupled waveguide arrays lend themselves very well to photonic engineering through tailoring of the propagation and coupling constants [1]. Especially interesting is the manipulation of collective Floquet Bloch waves (extended beams see Figure 1 top, a and d) that propagate over several waveguides through evanescent coupling and their manipulation for classical and quantum data processing. Phase-front shaping of these waves is crucial for compact imaging and photonic circuitry in the classical and quantum regime up to multiqbit architectures where phase-shifters are instrumental [2]. Segmentation of a waveguide enables a change of its propagation constant [3] and thus segmentation patterns can shape the phase front of a beam. Image reconstruction has indeed been demonstrated using π shifts [4]. We demonstrate here complete phase-front shaping in waveguide arrays by means of more general segmented patterns for a novel imaging approach. We implement three emblematic functions related to three phase profiles in III-V waveguide arrays: beam steering (linear wedge-profile), focusing and defocusing (quadratic lens-like profile) and diffraction (cosine profile). We evaluate the operation of those patterns by measuring maps of the output intensity profile as a function of the position of injection (x injection =0 corresponds to the center of the patterns). The experimental maps clearly exhibit the desired effects (see Figure 1 for steering and focusing). The excellent agreement between the simulation and the experiment validates the concept of extensive phase front shaping via segmentation patterns, the fabrication and our capacity to design and fabricate more complex functions.
Problematizing "authenticity" : a critical appraisal of the Jamaat-i-Islami gender discourse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Islamic practices have led to exhaustive debate in academia ranging from
the traditional battlefield of gender related issues to relatively new
decisiveness surrounding war on terror. In most of debates regarding
Islam, when one legitimises or delegitimises his/her stance, divine is invoked
as main point of reference. The divine thus turns into source of vice and
virtue simultaneously through these competing opinions. In this game of
authenticity, we often ignore aspect that, in our religious zealousness, the
divine itself is victimised. This is because, while referring to divine as main
architect of our opinions, we sideline those non-divine factors in process of
constructing authenticities which help shape our reading of divine. The divine
is simply a part of our constructed authenticity but not its exclusive constituent.
We need to realise that divine is not read in a vacuum and by those who do not
have materiality; its readings are always carried out by those who are a product of
their own circumstances and their understandings are routed through their particular
contexts. The present study is an effort to analyse those non-divine factors which
help shape our reading of divine, and are not any less important in process of
constructing authenticity than divine with reference to gender discourse of
Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan. This study proposes that there is always a need to
maintain a gap between our understanding of divine and the divine; because
of fact that former is constructed, while latter believed by Muslims
as eternal, hence immutable. In addition to carrying out problematization of
authenticity of JI discourse, study underscores fact that
problematization ought to be an integral part of our exercise of ascertainment of
authenticity so that we may maintain gap referred to above.
The process-oriented approach in translation training

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bu çalışma, Daniel Gile'ın(1994) kaleme aldığı, süreç odaklı çeviri eğitimini anlatan kitap bölümünün İngilizce'den Türkçe'ye çevirisidir. Çalışmada, süreç odaklı ve ürün odaklı çeviri yaklaşımları arasındaki temel farklar, süreç odaklı yaklaşımın özellikleri, felsefesi, önerilen modelin tanıtımı ve aşamaları bir uygulama örneği ile ele alınmıştır.
An Application of Cross Entropy Method to the Parameter Estimation in Flood Frequency Analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

本文研究基于分位数对约束下的交互熵进行洪水频率分布参数估计方法。以加拿大Feather河和陕北地区张村驿站年最大洪峰流量序列为例，选取Gumbel和Gamma分布，基于最小交互熵原理，进行年最大洪峰流量序列分布参数估计，并根据估计参数推求洪峰流量频率曲线图。与矩法和极大似然法所求熵值比较，结果表明：交互熵法获得最小熵值，频率点距拟合亦取得满意效果。因此，在考虑分位数对约束的条件下，交互熵法能有效的估计分布参数，且较矩法和极大似然法优越。 This paper studies on the application of fractile constrained cross-entropy to the estimation of dis- tribution parameters in flood frequency analysis. Based on the principle of minimum cross-entropy, two annual maximum flood peak series respectively in Feather River in Canada and Zhangcunyi Station in north- ern Shaanxi province with Gumbel distribution and Gamma distribution were employed to the parameter estimation of the four distribution functions. Four frequency curves with the estimated parameters were also plotted. Then, comparing the calculated cross-entropy values with those that are derived by traditional methods- MOM and MLM, it turned out that: by using cross entropy method, we got the minimum cross entropy values. The plotted theoretical frequency curves fit well with the empirical frequency curves. So, we can conclude that the quantile constrained cross-entropy method has the considerable merit in the flood frequency parameter estimation and is superior to the traditional methods-MOM and MLM.
A Model for Characterizing the Salient Directions of Evolution in the Engineering of Web Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development and sustenance of Web Applications is viewed from an engineering perspective.The evolution of the developmental environment of Web Applications has been multi-directional.This paper provides a conceptual characterization of these directions, relationships between these directions, and their implications towards academia and industry.The consequences of a commitment to these directions, along with the role of international standards, are considered.The challenges faced by Semantic Web Applications and Social Web Applications are briefly outlined.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SPENT FUEL ELEMENTS STORED AT IEA-R1 RESEARCH REACTOR BASED ON VISUAL INSPECTIONS AND SIPPING TESTS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Aluminum spent nuclear fuels are susceptible to corrosion attack, or mechanical damage from improper handling, while in pool reactor storage. Storage practices have been modified to reduce the potential for damage, based on recommendations presented at 2 nd WS on Spent Fuel Characterization, promoted by IAEA [1]. In this work, we present the inspection program proposed to the IEA-R1 stored spent fuel elements, in order to provide information on the physical condition during the interim storage time under wet condition at the reactor pool. The inspection program is based on non-destructive tests results (visual inspection and sipping tests) already periodically performed to exam the IEA-R1 stored spent fuel and fuel elements from the core reactor. To record the available information and examination results it was elaborated a document in the format of a catalogue containing the proposed inspection program for the IEA-R1 stored spent fuel, the description of the visual inspection and sipping tests systems, a compilation of information and images result from the tests performed for all stored standard spent fuel element and, in annexes, copies of the reference documents. That document constitutes an important step of the effective implementation of the referred IEA-R1 spent fuel inspection program and can be used to address regulatory and operational needs for the demonstration, for example, of safe storage throughout the pool storage period.
What kind of knowledge is needed about toxicant-related health issues? Some lessons drawn from the Seveso dioxin case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

All the direct evidence on acute dioxin effects on human health comes from epidemiological studies of human populations exposed accidentally or occupationally to elevated dioxin levels. One of the cases most studied in the dioxin carcinogenicity literature concerns the population living in the area of Seveso, Italy. In 1976 an industrial accident in the chemical factory ICMESA (owned by the Swiss multinational corporation Roche) exposed the residents of the surrounding area--in particular the inhabitants of Seveso, Meda, Cesano Maderno, and Desio--to the highest exposure to TCDD known to have occurred in humans (Eskenazi et al. 2001). To quote an epidemiologist involved in the follow-up studies investigating the health consequences for the population affected: "The accident was a tragedy, for sure, but for us scientists, I must admit, it has been a rare chance to have a sort of laboratory situation, so to explore how dioxin works on human beings." This chapter focuses on the paradox of this "laboratory population" that is playing such a crucial role in the controversy concerning dioxin carcinogenicity. The paradox is as follows: the vast scientific output concerning dioxin effects in Seveso is having no impact in terms of public health measures implemented in the area affected, in particular as far as prevention is concerned. This scientific output is oriented exclusively around the problems and discussions that have emerged over the uncertainties surrounding dioxin toxicity and the problem of its regulation.
Design and Development of Hybrid Optimization-Enabled Deep Learning Model for Myocardial Infarction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Myocardial infarction is the most hazardous cardiovascular disease for humans; generally, it is acknowledged as a heart attack, which may result in death. Thus, rapid and precise detection of myocardial infarction is essential to reduce the mortality rate. This paper proposes the Taylor-enhanced invasive weed sine cosine optimization algorithm-based deep convolutional neural network (Taylor IIWSCOA-enabled DCNN) model to classify myocardial infarction. Here, the DCNN classifier is used to predict and categorize myocardial infarction, and the classifier is tuned by the Taylor IIWSCOA to attain superior efficiency. The Taylor IIWSCOA is designed by integrating SCA, IIWO approach, and the Taylor series. The proposed Taylor IIWSCOA-based DCNN approach outperforms other conventional approaches with an accuracy of 0.9412, sensitivity of 0.9535, and specificity of 0.9485.
Increasing reliability and productivity in hypermarkets by queuing theory analysis and a smart shopping cart-based system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the bothering and unavoidable things in most of the shopping centres is billing. This paper focuses on developing an alternative methodology to the existing one by using time study and queuing theory. With help of results, a new methodology is proposed to increase the productivity, swiftness of shopping. The proposal is to departmentalise the billing process and implant smart billing concepts like localised self initiated billing counters or customised trolleys to bill products. This new study results in time saving in the queuing and billing process. The cart is designed using CREO 2.0 software and made smart with the help of wireless sensing devices. With the burgeoning role of wireless sensing devices such as bar-code scanners, this application can be extended to the consumer market such as a supermarket where manual-billing process becomes cumbersome and at the same time involves a hefty waste of time and labour.
Short‐term suppression of elevated growth hormone concentrations following insulin‐like growth factor 1 administration in young adults with type 1 diabetes does not alter glomerular filtration or albumin excretion rates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Objective Young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which may mediate progressive renal disease and microalbuminuria. This may be secondary to low concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I and GH hypersecretion. We tested the hypothesis that restoration of circulating IGF‐I concentrations in young adults with T1DM might suppress GH secretion, GFR and urinary albumin excretion. Design In a randomized double blind crossover study six young adults with T1DM (three men, 19–24 years) received 7 days treatment with rhIGF‐I/insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐3 complex (SomatoKine®) 0·4 mg/kg/day and placebo. Subjects underwent overnight insulin infusion for euglycaemia, followed by determination of GFR and albumin excretion rate. Results Following IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 complex, overnight insulin requirements (0·15 vs placebo 0·21 mU/kg/min, P < 0·04), plasma insulin (77 vs placebo 152 pmol/l, P < 0·01) and mean overnight GH (2·6 vs placebo 4·8 mU/l, P < 0·04) fell. IGF‐I (492 vs placebo 218 ng/ml, P < 0·01) and IGFBP‐3 (4·5 vs placebo 3·9 µg/ml, P < 0·05) increased. GFR did not change (145·5 (23·9) ml/min/1·73 m 2 post–IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 complex vs 152·2 (19·8) post placebo). Albumin excretion rate did not change 9·5 (5·5–16·6)mg/24 h pre‐ vs 11·5 (9·9–20·2) post–IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 complex and 10·7 (8·1–21·2) pre‐ vs 11·5 (8·7–29·9) post placebo. Plasma creatinine levels were lower following IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 complex (mean ± SD, 56·2 ± 16·8 µmol/l) vs placebo (61·5, 45·0, P < 0·02). Conclusions Seven days treatment with IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 complex enhanced overnight insulin sensitivity and reduced GH levels, but there was no effect on glomerular hyperfiltration or albumin excretion rates.
Analysis of the productivity of the construction sector in terrestrial communication routes, of the Central region of the state of Tabasco

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The study of productivity in the different sectors of the industry is an advance for the development of the same, which allows being a notable factor in developed or developing countries in the current globalized world. For the above mentioned, the present research allows to know the effect of the construction sector and the subsector of terrestrial communication routes, as well as the importance in the accessibility to the different communities and how this helps to strengthen the different branches of the economy. The methodology applied for the research was structural analysis (MICMAC), which allowed a search and selection of factors that directly affect the subject of study. As a result, 15 determining factors for productivity in the sector of study were classified and the level of impact was determined with the help of experts from organizations related to the same sectors, thus creating a real and comprehensive scenario of the situation and giving way to the construction of a development model for the region.
Emotions as emergent properties

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In recent decades, affective scientists have begun using concepts and tools from dynamical systems theory (DST) to characterise emotional processes. This article considers how the concept of emergence might be used to develop this approach. Emotions are explicated as ‘emergent products’ that diachronically constrain the operations of their parts in virtue of feedback loops (a classical feature of nonlinear dynamical systems). The explication is shown to be broadly consistent with what is sometimes called ‘pattern’ emergence. Casting emotions as emergent patterns is shown to shed light on a major conceptual and empirical challenge emotion theorists have faced over the past century: identifying and measuring the presence of emotional episodes (Lindquist et al., 2012; Hollenstein & Lanteigne, 2014), dubbed here the ‘boundary problem’ (following Colombetti, 2014). In particular, the explication suggests seeing the emotional ‘signatures’ thought to accompany emotional episodes as fragile and context-bound: likely to hold under a relevant class of interventions (Woodward, 2005), but not without exception beyond that class. This in turn may suggest a need to significantly revise the statistical methods currently used to measure the presence of emotional ‘signatures’. The casting of emotions as emergent patterns also functions as a further case study supporting the value of ‘pattern emergence’ (Winning & Bechtel, 2019) as a powerful vehicle for characterising the objects of investigation — compound and context-sensitive — ubiquitous in the biological sciences.