jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Single-Crystal Proton Conduction in a Sodium Chain-Based Coordination Polymer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Coordination polymers (CPs) have been identified as promising candidate materials in the field of proton conduction owing to their customizable and diverse structures. However, research on CPs based on alkali metal ions has been less advanced, and the mechanism of proton transport in these materials remains unclear. Herein, a new coordination polymer, [Na2(pytet)(Hdat)2(H2O)3]·2H2O (abbreviated as Na-PyDat) (pytet4- = pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonate, dat = 2-hydroxy-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine), has been synthesized based on the starting materials of Na4pytet and 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, with the latter undergoing in situ transformation to dat under hydrothermal conditions. Na-PyDat is assembled from [Na-O-Na]n double strands and extends to a 3D network through multiple inter- and intrachain hydrogen bonds. Alternate current (AC) impedance analysis shows that Na-PyDat exhibits highly anisotropic single-crystal proton conduction, with a conductivity of 1.04 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 338 K and 90% relative humidity (RH) along the [100] direction, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those along the [011] and [01̅1] directions, as well as the powder sample under identical conditions. The high proton conductivity along the a-axis direction is closely related to the continuous hydrogen bond chain. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few studies reporting single-crystal proton conduction in alkali metal CPs. Moreover, by mixing Na-PyDat with Nafion, the composite membrane presents an enhanced proton conductivity of 4.33 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 338 K and 90% RH, highlighting its potential for future applications in fuel cells.
Employment Problems of Asthmatics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To what extent does a specific chronic disease such as asthma which often commences in childhood, influence the education, training and eventual employment of those suffering from it? Is the asthmatic placed at a disadvantage both in obtaining employment matching his abilities and also in maintaining his job, superannuation and other entitlements throughout his working life? Is there a need for a special advisory centre other than existing employment offices to assist asthmatics with their problems?
The Endocannabinoid, Anandamide, Acts as a Novel Inhibitor of LPS‐Induced Inflammasome Activation in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cell Line: Involvement of CB1 and TRPV1 Receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inflammasome activation is a pivotal step for the maturation of IL‐1 β , which is involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Endocannabinoids, such as anandamide (AEA), are emerging as new anticancer therapeutic agents; however, their effects on inflammasome components and underlying mechanisms have not been well elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the effects of AEA on the expression of inflammasome components in lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) stimulated AGS cells. Moreover, we explored the involvement of cannabinoid receptors (CRs), including CB1R and TRPV1R, in the observed effects of AEA. Our results showed that inflammation was induced by LPS (10 μ g/ml) in AGS cells, and inflammasome components (NLRP3, MLRC4, ASC, IL‐18, and IL‐1 β ) were overexpressed. Exposure to AEA (10 μ M, 24 h) before or after inflammation induction downregulated the expression of inflammasome components and attenuated inflammasome activation as demonstrated by cleavage of caspase 1 and matured IL‐1 β secretion, although AEA pretreatment showed more reducing effects on the inflammasome activation. In addition, blocking of CB1R and TRPV1R by application of AM‐251 and AMG‐9810 antagonists remarkably reversed the observed effects of AEA and revealed that NLRP3, NLRC4, and IL‐1 β genes were mainly regulated via CB1R, while TRPV1R could only regulate the expression of IL‐1 β and IL‐18 genes. In conclusion, our results would indicate a novel anticancer effect of anandamide by attenuation of inflammasome activation and consequently reducing IL‐1 β production in human AGS cancer cell line via CB1R and TRPV1R.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed [4+1] Cycloaddition of o-Quinone Methides and Isocyanides: Mild and Efficient Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2-aminobenzofurans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We herein report a mild and efficient synthesis of 3-aryl-2-aminobenzofurans by Lewis acid catalyzed [4+1] cycloaddition of in situ generated o-quinone methides and isocyanides. Compared with the well-known methods, the current reactions are carried out under mild conditions and feature wide substrate scope in high yields at ambient temperature at catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol%. DFT calculations show dehydration as the rate-determining step, a stepwise [4+1] cycloaddition process, and the Lewis acid as dual roles in accelerating dehydration and cycloaddition reaction.
A historical review of Mevlud, the most popular poem of Alhamiado literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mevlud is a poem on the birth of Muhammed, the Prophet. The first Mevlud poem was written by Sulejman Celebi, in 1409, under the title ?Vesiletu?n Nedzat? in Bursa, meaning the ?The Means of Salvation?. The word mevlud (Ar. mawlid) means ?a place or time of someone?s birth?. This expression has acquired different meanings in time, as ?the birth of the Prophet Muhammed? and ?the celebration organised on this occasion?, or during more significant events in life of the Muslims and their families. The Mevlud celebration i.e. the Mevlud poem as its central part, can be considered as a cultural form preserving the tradition of love towards the Prophet Muhammed, love towards God, and certianly, the tradition of mutual love among people. With this paper, we want to present the most beautiful Mevlud poems in our language and their significance in the life and culture of the Balkan Muslims. The paper is interdisciplinary and it shall follow the historical development of Mevlud, its literature-historical position within the Alhamiado literature, and the custom practice of Mevlud, as a celebration with its ethnological significance.
Combining Time-spirit with Reality and Strengthening the Practical Results of Teaching——On the Teaching of “A Survey of Mao Zedong Thought”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The combination of time-spirit with reality is a must for the teaching of “Conspectus of Mao Zedong Thought”. It can strengthen the practical results of teaching and actualize students' cognition, acceptance, belief and observance of Mao Zedong Thought. This process is in fact an attainment of the unity of cognition, belief and action.
[Allotransplantation of isolated pancreatic islets in diabetic rats. Effect of culture on islet rejection].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reduction of the immunogenicity of the tissue by tissue culture has been a controversial concept in transplantation immunology. In the present study, isolated islets were cultured prior to allotransplantation. The obtained results were compared in comparison with the results of the non-cultured islet allotransplantation group. Two kinds of rats differing from each other in histocompatibility antigen were used. WKA rats ( RT1k ) were donors, and LEJ rats ( RT1j ) recipients. No immunosuppressive agents were given. About 500 isolated islets of the donors were transplanted to the spleen of the recipients with streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. Although the mean survival time of non-cultured islet was 12.2 +/- 4.3 days, that of 7-day cultured islet increased significantly to 26.4 +/- 4.8 days. The response of the lymphocytes to the islets was also examined by mixed lymphocyte-islet culture. Response of lymphocytes to non-cultured islet was compared with that of lymphocytes to 7-day cultured islets. The response of lymphocytes to the 7-day cultured islets was significantly decreased. These results suggested that the cultured islet prolongs survival time and islet culture diminish the concentration or availability of stimulatory antigens on the cell surface membranes.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 29 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "or" : [ "TaxonKey is Sapucaya schwackei R.Knuth", "TaxonKey is Lecythis schwackei (R.Knuth) S.A.Mori" ] } The dataset includes 29 records from 13 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0299382-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
The Effect of Debt Financing and Equity Financing on Expense Ratio Profit

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of Debt Financing and Equity Financing on the Profit Expense Ratio. The population in this study is Sharia Commercial Banks registered in Bank Indonesia from 2011 to 2018 as many as 11 banks while the sample is determined by the purposive sampling method and meets the criteria of 2 companies. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression models. This method is also called quantitative because the research data is in the form of numbers and analysis using statistics. Regression analysis results obtained an f-value of 4.155 which means that simultaneously has a significant effect on the profit expense ratio. Partial test results with the t-test showed that debt financing was obtained t-value 1,803> t table 1,687 and significant 0.009 <0.05. then it can be said that debt financing has a significant effect on the profit expense ratio. For equity financing obtained t-value 2.913> t table 1.687 and significant 0.045 <0.05. then it can be said that equity financing has a significant effect on the profit expense ratio.
Effect of Sesbania extract and chemical fertilizers on the growth and yield of tomato plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted in the winter season of 2022-2021 in the Department of biology, College of Education, University of Samarra, to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts on the growth and productivity of tomato plants, as well as comparing their use with chemical fertilizers. The results indicated that the spraying with Sesbania extract had positive significant differences in the characteristics of vegetative growth compared with plants that were not sprayed with it, where the treatments (S1) achieved the highest rate of leaves numbers amounted to (380) leaves, and the highest rate of leaf area was (4.424) cm2 compared with (S0) (sprayed with water only) gave the lowest average leaf area (2.132) cm2, and the least number of leaves (114.2) Also, the interaction between extracts and chemical fertilizers had a significant effect on some vegetative characteristics such as stem height, where the treatments (FS1) achieved the highest stem height amounted to (41.75) cm, compared with those that did not use extracts or chemical fertilizers such as treatment (S0) that gave the lowest rate of stem height which was (30) cm. The results also showed the effect of Sesbania extract on the production traits (yield), which had a significant and clear effect on the characteristic of fruit diameter, weight and number. The treatments (S1) gave the highest average fruit diameter (10.75) cm, and the highest average fruit weight (95) g, and the highest average number of fruits (8) compared with factor (F) (which treatment with chemical fertilizers), which recorded the lowest average fruit diameter (2.75) cm, and the lowest average fruit weight (21.5), and the treatments (S0) (sprayed with water only) were lower Average number of fruits (3) only fruit per plant, so it is the lowest rate among all treatment.
Effect of shed design on aging performance of silicone rubber insulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study the effect of shed diameter and position on the aging performance of silicone rubber test samples in salt-fog has been studied. Tests have been conducted at 0.35 kV/cm electric field and 2500 /spl mu/S/cm conductivity. The low frequency components of leakage current, equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and surface damage are used to evaluate the performance of the different designs. The test results have shown that both the shed diameter and position influence the aging performance of silicone rubber insulators.
Bank Credit, Portfolio Selection, and Macrodynamics in a Small Open Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT We propose an open macroeconomic model based on Bernanke and Blinder's credit perspective. We assume a small open economy with imperfect capital movement and substitutes for financial assets under a floating exchange rate system. We represent credit creation mechanisms and investigate the impact of financial factors on the home economy. We find that the difference in relative responses of banks and firms to the profit rate is associated with short‐term economic fluctuations and long‐term economic stability. Finally, we examine the effects of an inflation targeting policy, signifying that the central bank must gain credibility for its monetary policy to achieve stability.
The Importance of International Volunteering for the Tourist Destination Image: Case Study in Barcelos (Portugal)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research investigates the significant role of international volunteering, particularly through the European Solidarity Corps (ESC), in shaping the image of Barcelos as a tourist destination. The study specifically examines various volunteer programs in Barcelos, such as construction projects, teaching, and agricultural assistance. It focuses on the volunteers’ perceptions and motivations and on the impact of their experiences on the city’s touristic recognition. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research analyzes responses from electronic surveys with 92 former ESC volunteers and interviews with four local organizations that host these participants. The findings reveal that international volunteering through specific programs enhances Barcelos’ image as a welcoming, culturally rich, and civically engaged tourist destination. This research highlights the importance of integrating such initiatives into the city’s tourism management strategy, suggesting that such efforts can significantly enrich the tourist experience and the overall image of the destination. Furthermore, the study identifies areas for future research, including the need for a more in-depth analysis of the long-term impact of these volunteering activities on the local economy and cultural sustainability. The limitations of the study, such as the use of a convenience sample and the reliance on self-reported data, which may influence the results and their generalizability, are also discussed. In conclusion, this work provides valuable insights for tourism managers and policymakers, demonstrating how international volunteering can be a strategic component in enhancing the image of tourist destinations. Through careful and strategic management, Barcelos can continue to develop and promote its identity as a destination for solidarity tourism and cultural vibrancy.
ERIC ED290534: The Information Society: Friendly to Families by Design or by Accident?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Optimistic, "computopian" scenarios of the new information age emphasize the possibility of radically reversing the central tendencies of industrialization through the implementation of computer technologies that increase the ability to recognize and accommodate the needs of individuals. Pessimistic, dystopian scenarios, in contrast, point out that microelectronic technologies have been introduced as a way to greater efficiency in industrial production. Historical antecedents suggest that microelectronic innovation is not the precursor of a radically new form of social organization, but, rather, is the logical extension of the historical trend to rationalize production processes and to counter the declining rate of profit by substituting equipment and machinery for labor and wages. Whereas computopian and dystopian views recognize the capacity of the new technologies to increase differentiation, it is evident that increased social differentiation has increased social disintegration. At a time of crisis in the welfare state, governments now hope, unrealistically, to find within a compassionate community the resources needed to compensate for the loss of institutional supports and services. As the price of estrangement in society becomes increasingly apparent, public policy must be focused on the reintegration of society. In that effort, technological innovation has an as yet unrealized role to play. (RH)
Atomistic Hartree theory of twisted double bilayer graphene near the magic angle

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Twisted double bilayer graphene (tDBLG) is a moiré material that has recently generated significant interest because of the observation of correlated phases near the magic angle. We carry out atomistic Hartree theory calculations to study the role of electron–electron interactions in the normal state of tDBLG. In contrast to twisted bilayer graphene, we find that such interactions do not result in significant doping-dependent deformations of the electronic band structure of tDBLG. However, interactions play an important role for the electronic structure in the presence of a perpendicular electric field as they screen the external field. Finally, we analyze the contribution of the Hartree potential to the crystal field, i.e. the on-site energy difference between the inner and outer layers. We find that the on-site energy obtained from Hartree theory has the same sign, but a smaller magnitude compared to previous studies in which the on-site energy was determined by fitting tight-binding results to ab initio density-functional theory (DFT) band structures. To understand this quantitative difference, we analyze the ab initio Kohn–Sham potential obtained from DFT and find that a subtle interplay of electron–electron and electron–ion interactions determines the magnitude of the on-site potential.
[Optimal effects of liposome on antisense oligodeoxynucleotides uptake by mouse breast cancer TM40D cells and the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting c-erbB-2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Liposome could facilitate AS-ODNs to enter cells and their nucleus. AS-ODNs of C-erbB-2 restrained the proliferation of mouse breast cancer TM40D cells and promoted apoptosis.
Manoeuvrability of a Large Cruise Ship after Damage for Safe Return to Port

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Free-running model tests were conducted using a scaled model of a large cruise ship with a damaged compartment, to investigate the effects of damage opening and floodwater on the manoeuvring performance in calm water and regular and irregular head waves. Drifting tests in regular beam waves were also performed. The experimental results indicated that the course-keeping ability in waves and turning ability became worse in the damaged condition. However, the target ship retained its manoeuvrability for safe return to the port, on its own, even in a damaged state. As it is time- and cost-consuming to conduct a free-running model experiment, a captive model test was also carried out to develop a system-based simulation model for evaluating the manoeuvrability of large cruise ships after damage.
A Self-Healing, All-Organic, Conducting, Composite Peptide Hydrogel as Pressure Sensor and Electrogenic Cell Soft Substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) emerge as excellent functional materials, as they harness the advantages of conducting polymers with the mechanical properties and continuous 3D nanostructures of hydrogels. This bicomponent organization results in soft, all-organic, conducting micro-/nanostructures with multifarious material applications. However, the application of CPHs as functional materials for biomedical applications is currently limited due to the necessity to combine the features of biocompatibility, self-healing, and fine-tuning of the mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, we choose to combine a protected dipeptide as the supramolecular gelator, owing to its intrinsic biocompatibility and excellent gelation ability, with the conductive polymer polyaniline (PAni), which was polymerized in situ. Thus, a two-component, all-organic, conducting hydrogel was formed. Spectroscopic evidence reveals the formation of the emeraldine salt form of PAni by intrinsic doping. The composite hydrogel is mechanically rigid with a very high storage modulus ( G') value of ∼2 MPa, and the rigidity was tuned by changing the peptide concentration. The hydrogel exhibits ohmic conductivity, pressure sensitivity, and, importantly, self-healing features. By virtue of its self-healing property, the polymeric nonmetallic hydrogel can reinstate its intrinsic conductivity when two of its macroscopically separated blocks are rejoined. High cell viability of cardiomyocytes grown on the composite hydrogel demonstrates its noncytotoxicity. These combined attributes of the hydrogel allowed its utilization for dynamic range pressure sensing and as a conductive interface for electrogenic cardiac cells. The composite hydrogel supports cardiomyocyte organization into a spontaneously contracting system. The composite hydrogel thus has considerable potential for various applications.
Achieving a decision paradigm for distributed warfare resource management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ability to optimally manage distributed warfare assets for collaborative operation significantly increases our military advantage. The primary results include enhanced situational awareness and improvements in fire control, engagement support, operational planning, combat reaction times, threat prioritization, and the list continues. Bettering the use of sensors and weapons in concert with one another- effectively creating a system of distributed systems-provides major payoffs. The effectiveness of managing distributed resources depends on the ability to make complex decisions. The complexity is due in part to the circuitous nature of fusing data from multiple sensor sources to provide a representation of the operational environment from which to redirect sensors for further information optimization and from which to base military operations. The "goodness" of such complex decisions depends on the "goodness" of the information available and the understanding of the situation from a "big picture" perspective. This paper explores distributed resource management from a decision-based perspective. With an objective of enabling a collaborative system of systems (SoS), a systems approach is proposed to implement a decision paradigm that extends from system conception to operations.