jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Catch-up antibody responses and hybrid immunity in mRNA vaccinated patients at risk of severe COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The immunogenicity of repeated vaccination and hybrid immunity in vulnerable patients remains unclear. We studied the impact of iterative Covid-19 mRNA vaccination and hybrid immunity on antibody levels in immunosuppressed subjects. Patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 38), survivors of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) (n = 36) and patients with autoimmune liver disease (n = 14) along with healthy controls (n = 20) were monitored for SARS-CoV-2-S1 IgG after their 1st–3rd vaccine doses, 31 of whom became infected with the Omicron variant after the 2nd dose. Ten uninfected allo-HSCT recipients received an additional 4th vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, immunosuppressed patients achieved antibody levels in parity with controls after the 3rd vaccine dose. In all study cohorts, hybrid immunity (effect of vaccination and natural infection) resulted in approximately 10-fold higher antibody levels than vaccine-induced immunity alone. Three doses of the Covid-19 mRNA vaccine entailed high antibody concentrations even in immunocompromised individuals, and hybrid-immunity resulted further augmented levels than vaccination alone. Clinical trial registration: EudraCT 2021-000349-42
Gonadal development and sex steroids in a female Arctic charr broodstock

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gonadal development and plasma levels of sex steroids were investigated in female Arctic charr at 3-week intervals over a 12-month period. Circulating levels of oestradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P) were measured by radioimmunoassay, and gonadal status assessed through histological examination and measurement of gonadosomatic index (GSI) and frequency distribution of oocyte size-classes. Gonadal recrudescence during March-July was characterized by modest but insignificant increases in plasma levels of E2 (2–4 ng ml−1) and T (2–5 ng ml−1) and recruitment of oocytes into yolk accumulation. Only a small and insignificant rise in GSI and no apparent increase in oocyte diameter occurred during this period, indicating that the rate of yolk formation and oocyte growth was low. Following transformation from stage V (peripheral yolk granule stage) to stage VI (yolk granule migration stage) in late July, the vitellogenic oocytes entered a phase of rapid growth which resulted in a marked rise in GSI until ovulation commenced in late September. Gonadal growth during this period was accompanied by increases in plasma levels of E2 and T which peaked at 11 ± 1 (mid-August) and 71 ± 5ng ml−1 (late September), respectively. The levels of both steroids dropped rapidly during final maturation and ovulation, followed by a surge in plasma levels of 17,20β-P which peaked at an average of 74 ± 17 ng ml−1 in early October. All three steroids returned to basal levels within a month after ovulation, and all steroids, except E2, remained low until March of the following year. A slight increase in E2 detected in February and March during the second season may have been associated with recruitment into vitellogenesis of a new generation of oocytes. It is suggested that the abrupt increase in vitellogenesis in late July may reflect a condition-dependent decision to proceed with maturation, once the energy reserves have been repleted during spring-early summer.
Breast Cancer and the Eye

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer has the well-known propensity to metastasize to almost any organ, giving rise to an almost unlimited variability of clinical syndromes. Ophthalmic metastases may become a part of such a pattern. Orbital and ocular metastases are not a rare event within the clinical evolution of a breast cancer, accounting for about 2-10%. Their diagnosis is usually simple and involves only clinical and noninvasive methods. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice in most of these situations and should obviate the need for exenteration. Radiotherapy is always rewarding, enhances the comfort of the patient by preventing further loss of vision and even promotes his recuperation. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the relief of the symptoms and for the patient's well-being. Local curability is high, but probably has no influence on the course of the metastatic disease.
Re-endothelialization of biological tissue-engineered conduits and scaffold for its potential use in bioprosthesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In vitro and in vivo approaches are currently being used for guided cell repopulation of both biological and synthetic scaffolds. Till now, researchers have used different strategies to decellularize biological samples such as the use of detergents like SDS, 1× Triton-X and EDTA solutions. However, their widespread clinical acceptance is very limited. In the present study, different tissueengineered biological conduits and caffolds made from bovine carotid artery (BCA) have been developed using cultured endothelial cells from sheep external jugular vein endothelial cells (SEJVECs).
Materials and methods: Conduit preparation was achieved as follows: (a) 0.2% glutaraldehyde fixation and (b) scaffold preparation by decellularization method using 75% alcohol–0.25% trypsin treatment at two different time intervals. The percentage of decellularization was calculated for all the prepared conduits (n = 3), and it was observed that longer exposure to alcohol and trypsin leads to better decellularization. Endothelial cells were seeded on the conduits prepared by the above methods.
Results: About 0.2% glutaraldehyde-fixed conduits showed better attachment of endothelial cells, as compared with ethanol-trypsin–treated decellularized conduits. These results demonstrate the use of BCA as a source of biological conduits in the creation of a new small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular graft.
Conclusion:This study shows that it is possible to prepare conduit and scaffold (glutaraldehyde- treated and decellularized) for seeding endothelial cells on their luminal surface, which which can be used for vascular grafting.
Sustainable Textile-Based Building Envelopes: Enhancing Water and Energy Efficiency through Fog Harvesting

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The perspective of future sustainable urban environments focuses on buildings that not only achieve energy efficiency but also actively contribute to sustainable water use. This chapter addresses the pressing challenges of urban water systems amid increasing water scarcity, exploring how innovative passive solutions like fog harvesting can complement traditional water sources and improve the energy efficiency of buildings. It examines the operational mechanisms of fog harvesting, the required atmospheric conditions, and its application in both urban and rural contexts. Case studies and water collection data are analyzed to showcase its potential. Particular attention is given to integrating fog harvesting into building envelopes, such as double-skin facades, which can collect water while reducing energy consumption in buildings through shading. Lastly, the chapter discusses the limitations of fog harvesting technology, its impact on urban water consumption, and its potential role in shaping a sustainable built environment.
EXPLORING THE CULTURE AND COGNITION OF OUTSIDER LITERACY PRACTICES IN ADULT READERS OF GRAPHIC NOVELS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Popular bias against comics and graphic novels represents a belief that multi-modal texts likely perpetuate deficit literacy. As such, experienced readers of these texts practice a kind of outsider literacy that heretofore has been primarily examined as a bridge to verbal-only literacy. Therefore this study, which explored how experienced adult graphic novel readers read graphic novels, has become the first to apply think-aloud protocols to graphic novels in an effort to discover what reading these complex texts entails, and what literacy experiences shape that reading. Nine adult male and female graphic novel readers were recruited through snowball sampling, participated in tape-recorded think-aloud protocols for two graphic novels (superhero and shojo manga texts), and completed follow-up interview and literacy history questionnaires. The protocols, interviews and questionnaires were transcribed, coded, member-checked for accuracy, and reported both quantitatively (reading action frequency tables) and qualitatively (anecdotal case summaries.) The study’s results provided insight into the actual reading actions participants used and the experiences that shape their readings. Participants reported 28 specific reading actions that comprised six overarching reading practices. Of these 28 actions, eight were specific to visual-only aspects of the sampled texts, and another eight represented hybridized actions specific to verbo-visual aspects of the texts. All reading actions reported were consistent with critical reasoning reading strategies traditionally associated with verbal-only texts. Furthermore, the literacy histories and follow-up interviews indicated how participants’ approached (and ultimately appreciated) a text was greatly influenced by genre--and possibly by gender. Conclusions drawn from these results indicated that participants read actively, critically, and creatively, and reported routinely experiencing a kind of visual and temporal fluidity that lent a cinematic quality to their readings. Genre also informed their literacy experiences as readers reported that their early encounters with superhero comics and graphic novels created the foundation for their expectations for these kinds of texts, a fact born out by their difficulty reading the shojo manga text. Lastly, a strong split between the male and female readers’ observations of (and reactions to) perceived sexuality in each graphic novel suggested that readings may be gendered as well as culturally-situated.
Ratio of Two Successive Optical Densities from the Roche HIV-1 Monitor Test as a Measure of Accuracy of Estimates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Concentration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test, the ratio of the optical density used to estimate the RNA concentration and the optical density of the preceding or the following dilution can be used to identify specimens with inaccurate results which should be retested. We present an algorithm for the identification of such results.
Virtual reality in rehabilitation and therapy.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes virtual reality and some of its potential applications in rehabilitation and therapy. Some aspects of this technology are discussed with respect to different problem areas (sensorimotor impairments, autism, learning difficulties), as well as previous research which investigated changes within some motor and motivation parameters in relation to rehabilitation of children with motor impairments. Emphasis is on the positive effects of virtual reality as a method in which rehabilitation and therapy can be offered and evaluated within a functional, purposeful and motivating context.
Sutures and the Burst Abdomen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BmDIC ¶sHand a small outbreak was recorded in Bristol in 1961 2 A week ago two cases were seen in Bristol, and within the last ten days at least 20 cases have occurred in a small area of Buckinghamshire.A very similar outbreak has occurred in Swindon involving about the same numbers.Recent observations suggest that some patients in these outbreaks may only suffer from mouth ulcers, and this fact and the mildness of the condition may not cause it to be recognized immediately.It seems, however, that the disease may well be occurring in many different parts of the country, and it would be of interest to hear of further outbreaks that have occurred.-Weare, etc.,
Mobile product recognition and recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of mobile phone and image processing technology, Mobile Visual Search has become a popular topic in recent years. Several innovative Mobile Visual Search applications have been released. However, some applications and algorithms still have the potential to be improved in accuracy and speed performance. For example, as a typical image recognition system, Vocabulary Tree (VT) Based Image Recognition has fine recognition accuracy but it takes a long time to query one image. The third process, Geometric Verification (GV) is time-consuming and therefore results in a slow recognition speed. In this Final Year Project, Fast Geometric Re-Ranking (FGRR) is developed and incorporated into the current VT Based Image Recognition system. It aims to speed up the overall image recognition and maintain or even improve the recognition accuracy. Experiments results show that FGRR achieves these objectives. FGRR alone improves VT recognition accuracy by around 1% and incorporated FGRR has maximum 0.8% accuracy improvement on VT Based Image Recognition. Besides, FGRR only takes a small portion of overall time consumption. When FGRR is incorporated to maintain same accuracy level, overall time consumption is reduced by 33%. To sum up, objectives of FGRR are achieved in this project.
General Equilibrium and Resource Economics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

For a number of reasons a large class of general equilibrium models from the field of resource economics does not allow for an equilibrium analysis along the lines of the theory of infinite dimensional commodity spaces. The reasons concern the choice of the commodity space and the applicability of properness assumptions with respect to preferences and the technology. This paper illustrates the difficulties and shows for a prototype model how the problems can successfully be tackled by the use of a limit argument on equilibria in the truncated economies.
Entropic Stabilization of Isolated β-Sheets

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Temperature-dependent electric deflection measurements have been performed for a series of unsolvated alanine-based peptides (Ac-WA(n)-NH(2), where Ac = acetyl, W = tryptophan, A = alanine, and n = 3, 5, 10, 13, and 15). The measurements are interpreted using Monte Carlo simulations performed with a parallel tempering algorithm. Despite alanine's high helix propensity in solution, the results suggest that unsolvated Ac-WA(n)-NH(2) peptides with n > 10 adopt beta-sheet conformations at room temperature. Previous studies have shown that protonated alanine-based peptides adopt helical or globular conformations in the gas phase, depending on the location of the charge. Thus, the charge more than anything else controls the structure.
Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Downbeat Nystagmus in Koreans: Analysis of 218 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Downbeat nystagmus is the most-common type of central nystagmus. However, no published study has attempted to analyze the etiology and clinical features of downbeat nystagmus in a large sample of Korean patients. Methods: We analyzed the demographic and clinical features of spontaneous downbeat nystagmus in 218 Korean patients who had been evaluated at the Dizziness Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2003 to 2014. Results: All patients were aged from 15 to 92 years (meanÂ±SD: 58.7Â±18.0 years), and they included 117 (53.7%) men. Underlying causes were found in 162 patients (74.3%, secondary group), while no etiology was identified in the remaining patients (idiopathic group). The age and sex distributions did not differ between the idiopathic and secondary groups. The underlying etiology included hereditary disorders (n ï¼48, 22.0%), vascular diseases (nï¼46, 21.1%), and inflammatory diseases (n ï¼19, 8.7%). Infarctions (nï¼34, 15.6%) and episodic ataxia (nï¼32, 14.7%) were the most-frequent underlying disorders. The most-common site of lesions identified by MRI was the cerebellum (68.9%), followed by the brainstem (28.6%). Among the 74 patients with lesions confirmed by MRI, 25 (33.7%) showed an isolated cerebellar involvement, while 35 (47.6%) had lesions in multiple areas. Conclusions: This study extends the clinical features of spontaneous downbeat nystagmus to Korean patients. Cerebellum is the most-common lesion site, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. The prevalence of Arnold-Chiari malformation is relatively low, which may be a distinct finding relative to those of previous studies involving other ethnic populations. Key Words: Downbeat nystagmus, Dizziness, Vertigo, Cerebellum, Brainstem
Subjective Well-Being and Standard of Living in the Kaliningrad Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article provides a conjugated analysis of an objectified picture of the living conditions and subjective well-being of the population in the Kaliningrad region as one of the Russian border regions, characterized by the strengthening of the role of the border as a dividing marker against the background of intense cross-border interactions in the recent past. The study is based on a comparison of the socio-economic indicators of the neighboring border regions of Russia, Poland, and Lithuania with quantitative (representative survey) and qualitative sociological data (focus groups and semi-structured interviews) obtained by the authors in Kaliningrad region in 2020–2022. It is shown that subjective well-being and perception of the quality of life, as well as a comparison of one’s own standard of living with that achieved in neighboring Poland and Lithuania, are determined by the socio-economic polarization of the region and the heterogeneity of the Kaliningrad society, including differences in lifestyle, mobility, and activity of residents. An imbalance between the relative material well-being of the inhabitants of the exclave against the background of other Russian regions and their poor social well-being caused by an unfavorable comparison of themselves with neighboring EU countries was revealed. Differences across the border are assessed primarily through the prism of general admiration for Europe, envy of goods and comfort, although most respondents are not familiar with the realities of life on the other side of the border. At the same time, the main referents of unfavorable comparisons are not only neighbors, but also the most wealthy and successful groups of the population.
Italians and music. Financescape, ideoscape and mediascape

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores the reasons why Italian contemporary musical life is generally considered to be below the standards set by other European and overseas countries, a situation that is all the more striking when the contrast with Italy's glorious musical tradition in past centuries is born in mind. The failings of public institutions and the inadequacies of policies have often been blamed for this, but in fact the causes are more complex. Arjun Appadurai's terminology that is cited in the title and the subsections of the article that are organized around the themes of ‘financescape’, ‘ideoscape’ and ‘mediascape’ provide the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the complex factors playing a role in the Italian music scene. In terms of structure and organization that greatest problems lay in the production system of the Opera theatres, in the progressive fall in public funds for the performing arts and in a visibly shrinking music market. These factors have created a crisis, but they have deep roots in Italian culture, one symptom being the relatively small demand for music in Italy. These different factors have combined to create a situation of immobility and conservatism that in turn weighs heavily on both serious and pop music.
Clinical features and their association with death in a large cohort of adult inpatients with COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the clinical features and their association with death in a large cohort of adult inpatients with COVID-19. Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients admitted by COVID-19 to the Almenara General Hospital in Lima, Peru, between March and May 2020. Clinical features on admission were evaluated according to death in bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 533 patients were included (23% women; 55% over 60 years-old; 27% death). Those who died had significantly higher proportions of patients over 60 years, pre-existing diseases, and severe/critical illness compared to alive patients: 73% vs. 44%, p<0.001; 68% vs. 57%, p=0.021; and 46%/34% vs. 28%/16%, p<0.001, respectively. Inbivariate analyses age over 60 years (uHR 2.49, 95%CI: 1.83-3.39), atrial fibrillation (uHR 2.09, 95%CI: 1.03-4.24) and hypothyroidism (uHR 2.75, 95%CI: 1.02-7.45) were associated with death. While in the multivariate analyses age over 60 years (aHR 2.53, 95%CI: 1.81-3.53), obesity (aHR 2.43, 95%CI: 1.44-4.07), chronic renal disease (aHR 2.65, 95%CI: 1.21-5.82) and hypothyroidism (aHR 4.22, 95%CI: 1.47-12.1) were independently associated with higher risk of death. Conclusions: During the first two months of the epidemic, patients admitted by COVID-19 at the Almenara General Hospital were more frequently older men and had a relevant pre-existing disease burden, as well as severe and critical illness. Mortality was high and was associated with older age, obesity, chronic renal disease, and hypothyroidism.
Black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum) tea has higher phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant properties than red goji berry (Lycium barbarum) tea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Goji berry tea, a traditional herbal tea, is the main ate mode of goji berry in Asia, yet few studies in comparison with red goji berry tea and black goji berry tea are carried out. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and soak time on the colour, phytochemicals, and the antioxidant capacity [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] of two goji berry tea. A comparison of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between black and red goji berry tea was conducted. Results showed that both red and black goji berry tea were rich in phytochemicals, giving high antioxidant ability. The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the two goji berry tea increased as the increases in soak temperature and time. Black goji berry tea had higher phytochemicals and antioxidant property than those of red goji berry tea. Infused at 100° water for the same time, the levels of total polysaccharides (150 mg/100 ml), total polyphenols (238 mg/ml), and antioxidant capacity (550 μmol/100 ml) of black goji berry tea were 3.5, 2, and 5 times higher, respectively, in comparison with red goji berry tea. The results of this study demonstrate that hot drink of goji berry in China is a good habit and black goji berry tea may be a better choice.
Pengaruh Restitusi Kelebihan Pembayaran Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Jakarta Penjaringan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Value Added Tax is central tax, tax payment amount payable by the amount of the tax credit shows the amount of excess have been made that should tax refunds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of value added tax restitution of value added tax revenue. Method used in the study is a quantitative method. This research is value added tax restituition that occurred in the Tax Office Pratama Jakarta Penjaringan the implementation of restitution does not has any effect toward value added tax revenue. The Standar Operating Procedures of value added tax restitution in the Tax Office Pratama Jakarta Penjaringan is Standar Operating Procedures No KPP50-0004. Keywords: Value Added Tax , Restitution, Tax Revenues