jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dimethylamine-Modified Waste Paper for the Recovery of Precious Metals

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Waste newsprint paper was modified with dimethylamine (DMA) to obtain a tertiary amine type adsorption gel called DMA-paper gel. This new derivative was investigated for adsorption, from hydrochloric acid medium, of gold, palladium, and platinum as well as some base metals. The gel exhibited selectivity only for precious metals with a remarkably high capacity for Au(III), i.e., 4.6 mol/kg dry gel and comparable capacities, i.e., 2.1 and 0.9 mol/kg for Pd(II) and Pt(IV), respectively. Also, Au(III) was reduced to the elemental form during adsorption. Furthermore, column adsorption and subsequent elution of the adsorbed metal ions by acidic thiourea revealed encouraging recoveries (approximately 90%), thus enhancing the scope of the gel for effective preconcentration, separation, and recovery of precious metals. The effectiveness of recovery of precious metals from real industrial liquor was also tested, and it showed highly encouraging results with respect to the stability of the gel in the harsh medium, and selectivity for the targeted metal ions in the presence of excess of other metal ions.
Editor From the Editor

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

I published a letter last issue concerning the flushing of water softener backwash into septic systems, because I think it’s an important subject and one that’s raised questions in the past that are still being asked. Is it a safe practice for onsite systems in general, not just septic systems? The EPA’s latest fact sheet on the subject states that the backwash can affect treatment processes and the structure and composition of the drainfield biomat and the underlying soil. The document also says that research concerning the predictability of this impact and its severity has proven difficult, with mixed results. It reports that studies by the University of Wisconsin and the National Sanitation Foundation have concluded that the practice will not harm onsite systems “that are designed, operated, and maintained appropriately.”
Closing policy gaps to enable agripreneurship of smallholder farmers in developing countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the broader context of smallholder farmers' operations and provides insights into the options that smallholder farmers in poor developing countries have when engaging in agripreneurial undertakings for additional income generation. Such personal agency when effective could support them to alleviate poverty, reduce hunger, and attain sustainable livelihood. Yet in practice, such personal efforts are often wrought with uncertain outcomes. Therefore an enabling policy environment is necessary to ensure the success of this strategic intervention in lifting and supporting sustainable livelihoods of rural farmers struggling with the precarity of their life situation.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been related to a series of harmful health consequences. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) appears to be associated with MAFLD. However, no consistent conclusions about the TyG index and incident MAFLD have been reached. PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. Sensitivities, specificities and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) with a random-effects model were used to assess the diagnostic performance of the TyG index in NAFLD/MAFLD participants. Potential threshold effects and publication bias were evaluated by Spearman’s correlation and Deeks’ asymmetry test, respectively. A total of 20 studies with 165725 MAFLD participants were included. The summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve showed that the sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0.73 (0.69–0.76), 0.67 (0.65, 0.70) and 0.75 (0.71–0.79), respectively. Threshold effects (r = 0.490, p < 0.05) were confirmed to exist. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression showed that some factors including country, number of samples, age and disease situation were the sources of heterogeneity (p < 0.05). Our meta-analysis suggests that the TyG index can diagnose and predict MAFLD patients with good accuracy. The number of studies remains limited, and prospective studies are needed.
Modelling the evolution of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since the Little Ice Age and into the future

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We use a 3-D higher-order glacier flow model for Vadret da Morteratsch, Engadin, Switzerland, to simulate its strong retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and to project its future disintegration under a warming climate. The flow model, coupled to a 2-D energy-balance model, is initialized with the known maximum glacier extent during the LIA and subsequently forced with mean monthly precipitation and temperature records. To correctly reproduce the observed retreat of the glacier front for the period 1864–2010, additional mass-balance perturbations are required to account for uncertainties in the initial state, the mass-balance model and climate variations not captured by the ambient meteorological records. Changes in glacier volume and area are in good agreement with additional information from historical topographic maps. Under constant 2001–10 climate conditions, a strong retreat and mass loss continue and Vadret da Morteratsch disconnects from its main tributary, Vadret Pers, before 2020. The future glacier evolution is analysed in detail to understand the timing and rate of retreat, and to assess the role of ice dynamics. Assuming a linearly increasing warming of >3°C by 2100, only isolated and largely stagnant ice patches remain at high elevation.
The Importance of Ethnic Food Stores in Identifying Food Deserts: A Case Study of Huntsville, Alabama

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the importance of including specialty and ethnic food stores in defining and identifying food deserts in a multi-ethnic suburban neighborhood. The paper uses an in-store food availability survey and GIS techniques to test the hypothesis that the availability of healthy and affordable food options will be considerably under-reported when not accounting for ethnic and specialty food stores in food desert analysis. Although a relatively large portion of the study area remains a food desert, ethnic and specialty food stores significantly offset the lack of supermarkets and grocery stores in providing healthy and affordable food options.
Prevalence and correlates of postpartum glucose screening among women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Postpartum follow-up of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is key for early identification of impairment of glucose tolerance and preventing progression to diabetes mellitus (DM). Postpartum screening rates among Nigerian women are largely unknown. Aim: We examined the prevalence of postpartum glucose testing and its associated factors. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between November 2017 and October 2019, involving women who had been diagnosed with GDM at the Chemical Pathology Department of Jos University Teaching Hospital. Ninety-seven women responded to follow-up phone calls to determine their postpartum care. Sociodemographic data and obstetric history were obtained from hospital records. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 34.1 (4.9) years. Only 31 (31.9%) women had glucose testing within six weeks postpartum, most of them (27.8%) by fasting blood glucose or random blood glucose. Forty eight percent tested after six weeks postpartum, while 19 (19.6%) did not have any form of glucose testing after delivery. Postpartum glucose testing was significantly associated with a history of DM or previous GDM and receiving counselling about postpartum testing and higher diagnostic glucose values, P < 0.05. Age, educational status, gravidity, and filling of requisition form before delivery were not associated with postpartum glucose testing, P > 0.05. Conclusion: Early postpartum screening rate is generally poor but more common among women with high diagnostic glucose levels who received appropriate counselling after diagnosis of GDM. Adequate sensitisation of healthcare workers about postpartum care and proper counselling of women with GDM will improve screening rate.
Redundant but essential functions of PARP1 and PARP2 in DNA ligase I-independent DNA replication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract While DNA ligase I (LigI) joins most Okazaki fragments, a backup pathway involving poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, XRCC1 and DNA ligase IIIα (LigIIIα) functions along with the LigI-dependent pathway and is also capable of supporting DNA replication in the absence of LigI. Here we have addressed for the first time the roles of PARP1 and PARP2 in this pathway using isogenic null derivatives of mouse CH12F3 cells. While single and double null mutants of the parental cell line and single mutants of LIG1 null cells were viable, loss of both PARP1 and PARP2 was synthetically lethal with LigI deficiency. Thus, PARP1 and PARP2 have a redundant essential role in LigI-deficient cells. Interestingly, higher levels of PARP2 but not PARP1 associated with newly synthesized DNA in the LIG1 null cells and there was a much higher increase in PARP2 chromatin retention in LIG1 null cells incubated with the PARP inhibitor olaparib with this effect occurring independently of PARP1. Together our results suggest that PARP2 plays a major role in specific cell types that are more dependent upon the backup pathway to complete DNA replication and that PARP2 retention at unligated Okazaki fragments likely contributes to the side effects of current clinical PARP inhibitors.
[Pediatric anesthesia: little children, big problems].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infants and children are patients who are the most susceptible to benefit from a procedure in the ambulatory setting. However, some of these patients are at risk. They include infants, especially if premature, and children with sleep apnea syndrome or with current or recent upper respiratory infection. The present paper gives advices for an optimal anesthesic management of these young patients.
Strong purifying selection in the silicon transporters of marine and freshwater diatoms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Marine and freshwater diatoms show several important differences in silicon physiology. In addition to containing an order of magnitude more silica in their cell walls, freshwater diatoms also appear to have a less efficient silicic acid uptake mechanism. A novel set of silicon transporters (SITs), encoded by a small gene family, import silicic acid from the environment into the diatom cell. Some evidence suggests that the disparity in uptake efficiency between marine and freshwater diatoms might be attributable to different demands on SITs in the two environments. To test this hypothesis, partial SIT genes were cloned and sequenced from 45 species of Thalassiosirales, a diatom lineage with high diversity in marine and freshwaters. Phylogenetically based codon substitution models were used to test whether SIT s from marine and freshwater taxa were under similar selective constraints and whether codons in different structural locations of the protein were under similar functional constraints. Purifying selection is the predominant evolutionary force acting on SIT s, irrespective of location in the protein, and differences in efficiency of silicic acid uptake between marine and freshwater diatoms are not due to sequence differences in SIT s.
Radiation-related genomic profile of papillary thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radioactive iodine (131I)-exposed children in the region of Chernobyl (Ukraine) showed an increased incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after the 1986 nuclear plant accident [1]. This so far the largest and most comprehensive study to characterize the genomic landscape of radiation induced PTC in a large number of tissues from the Chernobyl Tissue Bank originating from a precisely phenotyped cohort of 131I exposed patients. The findings reveal DNA damage as early driver of carcinogenesis and lack of a unique molecular signature for radiation induced PTC.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Community Pharmacists’ Perspective in Thailand: A Mixed Methods Survey Using Appreciative Inquiry Theory

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Global action plans to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are the subject of ongoing discussion between experts. Community pharmacists have a professional responsibility to tackle AMR. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of antibiotic resistance and attitudes to promoting Antibiotic Smart Use (ASU) amongst part and full-time practicing community pharmacists across Thailand. An online mixed-method survey applying Appreciative Inquiry theory was validated and conducted in 2020. Non-probability sampling was used, with online survey dissemination via social networks. A total of 387 community pharmacists located in 59 out 77 provinces seemed knowledgeable about antimicrobial resistance (mean score = 82.69%) and had acceptable attitudes towards antibiotic prescribing practices and antimicrobial stewardship (mean score = 73.12%). Less than 13% of pharmacists had postgraduate degrees. Postgraduate education, training clerkship, preceptors, and antibiotic stewardship training positively affected their attitudes. The community pharmacists proposed solutions based on the Appreciative Inquiry theory to promote ASU practices. Among these were educational programmes consisting of professional conduct, social responsibility and business administration knowledge, up-to-date legislation, and substitutional strategies to compensate business income losses.
Radiological and Clinical Manifestations of Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification in a Patient with Parathyroid Hyperplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is the deposition of calcium salts in the walls of the alveoli and small blood vessels in normal tissue. MPC may be associated with end-stage renal disease, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, diffuse skeletal malignancy, intravenous calcium therapy, massive osteolysis from metastases, and multiple myeloma. We present a case of a 53-year-old-man with end-stage renal disease and primary hyperparathyroidism presented with hip and chest pain. Computed tomography of the chest revealed multiple, ground-glass opacities associated with poorly defined centrilobular nodules and numerous calcific nodules, consistent with MPC.
GUEPAR TOTAL KNEE PROSTHESIS EXPERIENCE AT THE VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighty-three Guepar valgus-hinge prostheses and 30 prostheses with coilinear femoral and the tibial components were inserted in 97 patients at Vancouver General Hospital between March 1975 and May 1978. One hundred and nine arthroplasties were reviewed between January 1979 and April 1980, after an average follow-up of 19 months. It was found that the amount ofbone resected made arthrodesis difficult, that there was a very high incidence ofpatellar instability and that the disintegration ofthe Silastic bumper created a severe chemical synovitis. The results were excellent in 32, good in 23, fair in 8, and poor in 30. Patellar subluxation occurred in 28 per cent Ofthe valgus prostheses, and in 10 per cent with the straight prostheses; it did not occur with the straight prostheses in rheumatoidjoints. The chemical synovitisled to failure with devastating complications necessitating further operations in some knees. “Le groupe pour l’utilisation et l’#{233}tudedes pros-theses articulaires ” (GUEPAR) in 1969 introduced a knee prosthesis for patients with extensive joint destruction and instability secondary to rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis (Alnot et al. 1 97 1). The ’ advantages claimed (Mazas and GUEPAR 1973) for the Guepar knee
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Tetracycline Resistance in <TEX>$Enterococcus$</TEX> Isolates from Raw Milk Samples in Korea

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

동물성 식품 유래 장구균의 항생제 내성은 내성균주 또는 내성 유전자가 먹이사슬을 통해 인체로 전달될 수 있다는 가능성 때문에 공중보건학적으로 중요하게 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 원유 시료에서 분리된 장구균의 tetracycline에 대한 내성을 표현형 및 유전형 수준에서 분석하였다. 원유 시료에서 총 245주의 장구균을 분리하였으며 그 중 $E.$ $faecalis$ 가 199주로 전체의 81.2%를 차지 하였으며 그 외에 $E.$ $faecium$ 이 25주(10.2%), $E.$ $avium$ 이 7주(2.9%), $E.$ $durans$ 이 6주(2.5%), $E.$ $gallinarum$ 이 4주(1.6%), $E.$ $raffinosus$ 이 4주(1.6%)의 비율로 분리되었다. 분리 균주중 76.3%에 해당하는 187주가 tetracycline에 내성을 나타내었으며 내성균주의 83.4%에 해당하는 156주가 $tet$(M)을 26.7%에 해당하는 50주가 $tet$(S)를 16.1%에 해당하는 30주가 $tet$(L)을 3.2%에 해당하는 6주가 $tet$(M) + $tet$(L) + $tet$(S)의 3개의 유전자를 동시에 소유하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. Antibiotic resistance in animal isolates of enterococci is a public health concern, because of the risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains or resistance genes to humans through the food chain. This study investigated phenotypic and genotypic resistances profile of tetracycline in 245 $Enterococcus$ isolates from bovine milk. A total of 245 enterococci were isolated from 950 milk samples. The predominant strain was $E.$ $faecalis$ (n = 199, 81.2%) and $E.$ $faecium$ (n = 25, 10.2%). $E.$ $avium$ (n = 7, 2.9%), $E.$ $durans$ (n = 6, 2.5%), $E.$ $gallinarum$ (n = 4, 1.6%), and $E.$ $raffinosus$ (n = 4, 1.6%) were also isolated. Of the 245 enterococcal isolates 76.3% (n = 187) displayed tetracycline resistance (${\geq}16{\mu}g/ml$). Of the 187 tetracycline-resistant isolates, 83.4% (n = 156), 16.1% (n = 30), and 26.7% (n = 50) possessed the genes $tet$(M), $tet$(L), $tet$(S) respectively. While 3.2% (n = 6) of the tetracycline-resistant isolates possessed all three genes $tet$(M) + $tet$(L) + $tet$(S), 8.6% (n = 16), 16.0% (n = 30), and 2.7% (n = 5) of them possessed two genes $tet$(M) + $tet$(L), $tet$(M) + $tet$(S), and $tet$(L) + $tet$(S) respectively. The tetracycline resistance pattern investigated in this study was attributable mainly to the presence of $tet$(M).
The acceleration approach to practical stability domain estimation in power systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a systematic approach for estimating the Liapunov practical stability domain, along with some other fast techniques for transient stability analysis of power systems. The direct criterion thus derived is investigated and illustrated through a good number of simulations performed on several test systems and practical power networks. It is shown to be reliable, straightforward and computationally very fast. Besides being appropriate for conventional studies, the acceleration approach offers also another interesting possibility: the derivation of a transient stability index for on-line stability assessment and contingency evaluation.
Antes de la política hidráulica: la gestión del agua bajo el Estado liberal en España (1833-1866)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The regulation of water use in Spain went through a profound transformation during the first decades of the Liberal State. Liberalism introduced institutional changes that affected all aspects of the use and administration of water resources. Water property rights were established and water was to a large extent declared of public ownership. Priorities were set on the use of water resources and common organizational structures were introduced in all irrigation communities. In this regard the Spanish state permitted extensive autonomy in water management, though it maintained control of supervision and the right to intervene in matters within those communities. All irrigation systems were required to document their regulations and internal rules were homogenized. The outcome was a new institutional framework developed in tandem with the establishment of the new public administration system. This process culminated in 1866 with the unification of these rules in a Water Law which would regulate this natural resource for more than a century.
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH SAWO, BAWANG PUTIH, DAUN ANDONG, DAN BUAH PARE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This research aims to determine the inhibition of sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit toward the growth of escherichia coli bacteria. Antimicroba test used paper disc diffusion was in-vitro test. Sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit were extracted by using maceration process. The extracts were tested on the growth of E- coli bacteria. The highest inhibition zone (6,7mm) was found in andong leaves extract. The highest inhibition zone was 8.3 mm, whereas the inhibition of pare fruit did not not provide the inhibitory zone. It can be concluded that garlic extract, sapodolla extract and decoction of andong leaves have highly inhibitory in vitro. Based on stastistical analysis, there was Significant difference betwen the effectiveness of garlic extract with a decoction of andong leaves but the effectivess of garlic extract with sapodilla extract was not meaningful. Whereas pare fruit did not give any inhibition zones. From the result of this research, the society can be encouraged to consume andong leaves or sapodilla fruit to treat diarrhea. In addition, garlic spices and pare fruit also can be used to overcome diarrhea, which is caused by the bacterium E. coli.
EMIXER: End-to-end Multimodal X-ray Generation via Self-supervision

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep generative models have enabled the automated synthesis of high-quality data for diverse applications. However, the most effective generative models are specialized to data from a single domain (e.g., images or text). Real-world applications such as healthcare require multi-modal data from multiple domains (e.g., both images and corresponding text), which are difficult to acquire due to limited availability and privacy concerns and are much harder to synthesize. To tackle this joint synthesis challenge, we propose an End-to-end MultImodal X-ray genERative model (EMIXER) for jointly synthesizing x-ray images and corresponding free-text reports, all conditional on diagnosis labels. EMIXER is an conditional generative adversarial model by 1) generating an image based on a label, 2) encoding the image to a hidden embedding, 3) producing the corresponding text via a hierarchical decoder from the image embedding, and 4) a joint discriminator for assessing both the image and the corresponding text. EMIXER also enables self-supervision to leverage vast amount of unlabeled data. Extensive experiments with real X-ray reports data illustrate how data augmentation using synthesized multimodal samples can improve the performance of a variety of supervised tasks including COVID-19 X-ray classification with very limited samples. The quality of generated images and reports are also confirmed by radiologists. We quantitatively show that EMIXER generated synthetic datasets can augment X-ray image classification, report generation models to achieve 5.94% and 6.9% improvement on models trained only on real data samples. Taken together, our results highlight the promise of state of generative models to advance clinical machine learning.
Educación para el amor: una necesidad impostergable

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Este artículo reconoce los esfuerzos hechos en Costa Rica, concernientes a la Educación Sexual. Señala, también, el bajo nivel de logro en este campo, debido a la falta de coordinación entre las instituciones y las personas preocupadas por la Educación Sexual. Y lo más, importante, propone trabajar fuertemente en Educación para el Amor, enfatizando en los principios éticos y filosóficos del Amor, como los fundamentos de la educación de la sexualidad y el sexo.