jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Lure of the East: British Orientalist painting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Britian today, there is widespread interest in the Islamic world, coupled with a desire, made urgent by recent events, to better understand the history and legacy of past relations between Western and Islamic nations. While there have been numerous other studies of Orientalist art, this timely book will be the first to concentrate specifically on the ways in which British artists have engaged with the Islamic world, stretching from Spain and Morocco in the west, to Afghanistan in the east. It will also reveal the many ways in which the art, architecture, design, dress and topography of Islamic lands have impacted upon British art and culture. As well as providing a visual feast of works, both well-known and previously unpublished from a period ranging from the late eighteenth century to the 1920s, the book will examine other factors that have shaped the relationship between the Christian and Muslim civilizations. Beyond the straightforward desire for imperial gain, these have included the rise of tourism and the expansion of the Grand Tour into the countries of the Middle East; the development of illustrated travel literature; a religious fascination in the landscapes of the Bible; and the search by archaeological expeditions for ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian remains. The authors will particularly explore the ways in which western myths about the Islamic world stood up to actual experience when artists travelled to the Middle East. With paintings, drawings and engravings by artists including Richard Dadd, William Holman Hunt, Edward Lear, Frederic Lord Leighton, David Roberts and Stanley Spencer, this fascinating book will demonstrate that the issues we encounter between Britain and the Islamic world remain as potent today as they were two and a half centuries ago.
Tracking the Tulpa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the 1970s, tulpas have been a feature of Western paranormal lore. In contemporary paranormal discourse, a tulpa is a being that begins in the imagination but acquires a tangible reality and sentience. Tulpas are created either through a deliberate act of individual will or unintentionally from the thoughts of numerous people. The tulpa was first described by Alexandra David-Néel (1868–1969) in Magic and Mystery in Tibet (1929) and is still regarded as a Tibetan concept. However, the idea of the tulpa is more indebted to Theosophy than to Tibetan Buddhism. This article explores the murky origins of the tulpa to show how the concept emerged from a dialogue between East and West in which Theosophical metaphysics were combined with terms adapted from Tibetan Buddhism.
Histamine Release from Mast Cells of the Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The relative activities of 12 agents inducing anaphylactoid oedema in the paws of two types of genetically different rats have been compared with those inducing histamine release from isolated peritoneal cells. Four groups were identified – group 1 where activities were much higher in R rats than in NR rats, doses in vivo being in all cases much lower than those required in vitro; group 2 where activities were similar in the two types of rat, doses in vivo again being relatively much lower; group 3 where activities were similar in both types of rat though doses in vivo were relatively high; group 4 where activities were similar in both types of rat, but doses in vivo were relatively extremely high. Only the activities of releasers in groups 1, 2 and 3 (represented by dextran, concanavalin A and antigen) required calcium ions in vitro and were potentiated by phosphatidyl serine; they were potentiated in vivo by insulin and inhibited by glucose.
Analyzing Operational Dynamics: Centralized Load Distribution and Suspended Wagons in Self‐Propelled Trains

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper primarily focuses on the distribution of axial loads in railway networks. The analysis assesses the advantages and disadvantages of articulated trains. In addition, the perspectives and proposed solutions of academicians are analyzed. Simpack accurately models all aspects of this articulated train model. Subsequently, the program emulates the control system of the train. This study demonstrates a control system that utilizes a hydraulic actuator. The proposed model and control system actuator's dynamic response are evaluated according to EN14363 and UIC518 standards to validate the functionality of the component. The stability of a railway train, particularly when making turns, relies on the proper allocation of weight on the wheels and axles. This research investigates the hazards associated with the uneven distribution of loads in train wagons, particularly when navigating curving tracks. A train designed for intercity travel was constructed utilizing a specific control system. The discrepancy in axle load is mitigated by implementing a straightforward control method. The train's carriage, which is suspended without bogies, resulted in fluctuating axle load. A disparity in axle load was established by an actuator positioned between the wagons. The control mechanism minimized load disparity and regulated axle load.
The Effect of Rast Exercise on Plasma Levels of Apelin and Blood Pressure in Elite Women Runner

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Intense exercise increases heart susceptibility to the disorder in this physiological factor.The purpose of this study is to study the effect of sprint interval training on plasma levels of apelin, blood pressure and heart rate in elite female runner. Methods: Plasma levels of apelin, Heart rate (HR) & blood pressure (BP), analyzed before, after and 24 hours after exercise. 15 elite female runner, whom were playing in Shiraz track & field league, selected for this study. They all were homogenized according to any kind of disease.Results: Rast exercise made plasma level of Apelin decrease after exercise compared with plasma level before exercise and this decrease was significant (p=0.001). Also, plasma level of apelin increased significantly 24 hrs after finishing exercise (p=0.001), but there were no significant differences before exercise (p=0.375). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased immediately after exercise and decreased significantly after 24 hrs (p=0.001). However, significant difference was not observed in diastolic pressure before and after exercise (p=0.338).Conclusion: The finding of this study shows that sprint interval training decreases plasma levels of apelin, so we can say that apelin and blood pressure must be in balance in natural position. With knowing the role of apelin, changes in this peptide during exercise can be an alarm to cardiovascular risk factor, during or after exercise in elite athletes.
Alveolar-capillary membrane permeability. Correlation with functional, radiographic, and postmortem changes after fluid aspiration.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An index of permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane was derived from the relative extraction from the lung into arterial blood of 2 tracers, 125I-antipyrine and 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The effect on this index of aspirating 2 ml of isotonic saline, distilled water, or 10(-1) M hydrochloric acid per kg of body weight was studied in 3 groups of rabbits. The severity and time course of changes in the permeability index were correlated with changes in lung mechanics, gas exchange, serial chest roentgenograms, ratio of extravascular lung water to dry weight, and histologic findings. Aspiration of saline produced no change in the permeability index; aspiration of water produced a large mean +/- SEM increase in the index, from a baseline of 0.025 +/- 0.002 to 1,050 +/- 0.054 (P less than 0.001), but this value returned to baseline 15 min later. After hydrochloric acid, the permeability index increased from a baseline of 0.027 +/- 0.003 to 1.068 +/- 0.098 (P less than 0.005), with no evidence of resolution after 60 min. Changes in lung mechanics, gas exchange, and roentgenograms were smallest after aspiration of distilled water and greatest after aspiration of hydrochloric acid. The functional changes after aspiration of water and saline recovered at a rate proportional to the known clearance rates of these liquids from the lung. The changes after hydrochloric acid either showed no tendency toward recovery or, in the case of the roentgenograms, worsened with time. There were no detectable histologic abnormalities or an increase in the ratio of extravascular lung water to dry weight after aspiration of water or saline, but there were extensive histologic abnormalities and a 70 per cent increase in lung water after acid. The increase in the permeability index after aspiration of water was too transient to exert a deleterious effect. In contrast, the persistence of the increase in the permeability index after hydrochloric acid was associated with persistent functional changes attributable to the considerable increase in lung water.
Lepidocrocite Titanate–Graphene Composites for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

To overcome electronic transport issues of layered titanates in sodium-ion batteries, we have designed and synthesized composites of lepidocrocite titanates with reduced graphene oxide through a solution-based self-assembly approach. The parent lepidocrocite titanate (K<sub>0.8</sub>[Ti<sub>1.73</sub>Li<sub>0.27</sub>]O<sub>4</sub>) was exfoliated by a soft-chemical approach and mechanical shaking. Exfoliated layered titania sheets (LTO) were then combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers to assemble into composites through flocculation. Countercations (i.e., Mg<sup>2+</sup>) were used for the self-assembly of negatively charged titania and rGO nanosheets via flocculation. The carbon content in the composites was tuned from 1 to 17% by changing the ratio of titania and rGO sheets in the mixed colloidal suspensions. Electrodes were processed with as-prepared LTO-rGO composites without any carbon additives and tested in sodium half-cell configurations. Mg<sup>+</sup>-coagulated LTO-rGO composite electrodes deliver higher capacities than electrodes prepared with coagulated titania sheets and 10% acetylene black in sodium half-cells and display good capacity retention after 50 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate lower charge transfer resistance for LTO-14.5%rGO composites than that of coagulated titania sheets with 10% acetylene black. A power law analysis of cells containing the composites indicate a hybrid mechanism consisting of both surface and diffusional processes. A comparison with a similar system, that of dopamine-derived LTO-C heterostructures, reveal significant differences. While capacities showed a strong dependence on carbon content for the dopamine-derived materials, this was not true for the LTO-rGO composites. Instead, the highest capacity was obtained for the 14.5% rGO sample, with a lower value obtained for the 17% rGO sample. A greater proportion of the redox processes were surface rather than diffusional in nature for the LTO-rGO composites as well.
MPR-hCT imaging of the pancreatic fluid pathway to Grey-Turner's and Cullen's sign in acute pancreatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subcutaneous manifestations (Grey Turner's sign and Cullen's sign) of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) are often discussed but rarely observed in a daily clinic setting. This paper will demonstrate the anatomic pathways followed by the extravasated pancreatic enzymes and how their effects lead to these ecchymoses by multiplanar reformation (MPR) images obtained by helical computed tomography (hCT). A 34-year-old female was admitted with SAP. A hCT scan revealed a swollen pancreas and cholecystolithiasis. The fluid collection around the pancreas extended to the pelvic cavity, infiltrating subcutaneous tissue in the left anterior and lateral abdominal wall. She was treated with interventional endoscopy (IVE) and continuous arterial infusion (CAI) therapy immediately following admission, she survived the SAP and these ecchymoses resolved within 7 days of presentation. MPR images obtained by hCT revealed that, the infiltration of the extra-pancreatic fluid collection between the leaves of the anterior renal fascia through the anterior and posterior pararenal space had reached into a relationship with the subcutaneous tissues in the left flank at the clinical site of discoloration as the pathway of extension to Grey Turner's sign, and also revealed anterior extension from the inflamed gastrohepatic ligament and across the falciform ligament to Cullen's sign.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 49707 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "TaxonKey is Helvella L." ] } The dataset includes 49707 records from 299 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0427283-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Principles of Law in Legal Regulation of Public Relations in Modern Conditions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an independent study on the position of legal principles in the legal regulation of public relations in the context of digitalization. In writing this paper, the functional research method was used. The functional research method allows for a thorough clarification of the dynamic aspects of legal principles, their practical objectives, their position and role in the law and in other elements of the legal system of society in general, and their impact on social relations in the form of legal regulation and other forms of legal influence (informational, value-oriented, psychological, system-shaping, etc.). thoroughly clarify the Although the role of legal principles in today’s various legal systems is not the same, it is nevertheless concluded that legal principles are one of the sources of law practically everywhere, whether nominal or de facto. The importance of legal principles is that they serve as a framework, the basic structure of the legal system; that they are a guide in the process of development and formation of law; that they have a significant impact on the formation of people’s legal consciousness; that they can be a direct basis for making individual legal decisions in a particular case; that they can provide a legislative blanks, reflected in the fact that legal principles can be used as a legal basis for considering legal issues, and that legal principles contribute to the correct interpretation of legal norms while they serve as a source of law.
[National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012: design and coverage].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The probabilistic design of the NHNS 2012 as well as its coverage allowed to generate inferences about health and nutrition conditions, health programs coverage, and access to health services. Because of their complex designs, all estimations from the NHNS 2012 must use the survey design: weights, primary sampling units, and stratus variables.
Competitiveness study in tourist corridors: the Brazil-Paraguay-Argentine-Chile Bioceanic Route case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The present article deals with a study of competitiveness in the Bioceanic Route, which is made up of the Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine, and Chile countries. The general objective of this research concerns the competitiveness of tourist corridors with a focus on the countries mentioned above. As research methodology, the present investigation had a qualitative and descriptive nature. The study has a deductive approach based on bibliographical and exploratory research, in face of theoretical description and characterization, as well as documentary research, by the access to files and documents during the investigation; and moreover, for carrying out the field research stage, the criteria selected were the main destinations crossing the Bioceanic Route, for observation and data collection, and local authorities were interviewed. The itinerary considered was from Campo Grande (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), Paraguay, and Argentine to ports in Northern Chile. The criteria for analyzing the destinations were as follows: attractiveness, tourist information, transport, general infrastructure, quality of services, accessibility, hospitality, trade relations, destination management, conditional situations, and tourists’ perception. Results reveal nonconformity between the main cities in the corridor, such as Campo Grande, Salta, San Pedro de Atacama, and Iquique relative to all the elements analyzed, in relation to the other cities along the route.
Final Report of Experimental Demonstration of New Kenaf Variety Zhongzahong 318

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zhongzahong 318 had good adaptability,good disease resistance,good lodging resistance,waterlogging tolerance,high and uniform plant,thick bast fiber,more effective plants,high and stable yield in Xi County,Henan Province in 3-year variety comparative test and 2-year production experiment,the yield was 3600-3900kg/ha,the highest was 7870kg/ha,the yield remarkably increased compared with local cultivars Ye 74-3 and Qingpi No.3.So Zhongzahong 318 is suitable to plant widely in Xi County.
Geometric structural optimization of the diffusion section in the angular Helmholtz cavitation jet nozzle via Kriging-differential evolution model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cavitation jet demonstrates remarkable erosion capabilities, exhibiting substantial application potential across various fields. The nozzle configuration formed by incorporating a diffusion section at the outlet of a Helmholtz cavitation jet nozzle is termed an angular Helmholtz cavitation jet nozzle (AHCJN). Optimizing the diffusion section design can significantly enhance both the erosion efficiency and cavitation intensity of AHCJN. This study innovatively proposes a coupled computational fluid dynamics–machine learning methodology for the optimal design of the diffusion section in AHCJN. The computational fluid dynamics approach is employed to acquire fundamental datasets and conduct parametric sensitivity analysis, while machine learning techniques are utilized to approximate nonlinear response surfaces and achieve global optimization. The results indicate that when the diffusion angle is less than 15°, the pulse peak and amplitude increase linearly with the diffusion length. When the diffusion angle is between 20° and 25°, the pulse peak and amplitude first rise and then fall with increasing diffusion length. When the diffusion angle exceeds 30°, the pulse peak and amplitude decrease linearly with the diffusion length. The influence of diffusion angle on the pulse peak and amplitude follows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In contrast, the pulse frequency is relatively insensitive to changes in the diffusion sections' structural parameters, remaining stable in the range of 1.961–2.041 kHz. The Kriging-differential evolution model demonstrates outstanding predictive performance under small-sample conditions, with mean absolute error and root mean squared error values below 0.25 and coefficients of determination (R2) exceeding 0.98. Using this model, a nonlinear response surface of self-excited pulsation characteristics within the diffusion angle-length parameter space was established, yielding optimal structural parameters of 4.92 mm diffusion length and 17.26° diffusion angle. Under this configuration, the predicted values for self-excited pulsation characteristics are 20.42 MPa pulse peak, 8.90 MPa pulse amplitude, and 2.02 kHz pulse frequency, with corresponding prediction errors of 1.808%, 1.377%, and 1.020%. In the optimized structure, the pulse peak is enhanced by 18.6%, the pulse amplitude is increased by 42.2%, and the pulse frequency is maintained at constant. This research provides a novel methodology for the structural optimization design of cavitation jet nozzles.
Adding value to applied policy models: The case of the WTO and OECD support classification systems

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of these two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US and the EU. The results show how the OECD data set, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified as in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may not be in practice trade-neutral. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers the implications for modeling and policy analysis is of interest to economists. And the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policy.
Study of drug prescription pattern among COPD patients admitted to medicine in-patient department of tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Drug utilization studies can provide insights into a pattern, quality, determinants and outcomes of drug use. COPD is one of the leading causes of death among Indian population and there is a lack of drug utilization studies in this field.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted among the patients admitted in inpatient department of medicine ward of Tertiary care hospital. Data has collected from COPD patients admission records. Parameters like demographic profile, common associated diseases, WHO core drug indicators and commonly prescribed drugs were assessed from the prescriptions.Results: A total 284 inpatient records were scrutinized. Out of 284 patients, 66.19% were male and 33.80% were female. Average numbers of drugs per prescription were 7. Mean age was 66.9 years. Antimicrobials (88.7%) were most commonly prescribed drugs followed by inhaled bronchodilators (84.5%).Conclusions: Study data highlights that average numbers of drugs prescribed were higher than WHO norms, antibiotics were commonly used, and drugs prescribed with brand names were higher than the generic names.
Measurement of Oxygen Distribution underneath Ribs with Pressure Sensitive Paint

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) is useful measuring method to analyze oxygen distribution underneath a rib in a fuel cell. High spatial resolution of the PSP measurement is made by creating the uniformly thin PSP film. By using spin coating, which is effective implement to make a thin film, the spatial resolution is improved to 150 µm. PSP phosphorescence intensity depends on oxygen partial pressure. An accurate image of oxygen partial pressure is obtained from calibration curve of each pixel of a PSP image, which is captured by a CCD camera. By calculating each oxygen partial pressure from each calibration curve of its pixels, the error of oxygen partial pressure is decreased to 10%.