jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ERK and P38 MAPK regulate the contractile response of smooth muscle in hypoxic rats through increasing MLC_(20) phosphorylation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the effect of ERK,P38 MAPK and JNK on the contractile response of vascular smooth muscle to norepinephrine(NE) after hypoxia,and explore its calcium sensitivity regulation mechanism of myosin light chain(MLC20) phosphorylation.Methods With hypoxia-treated vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) and hemorrhagic shock model of rats,the contractile response of VSMC to NE after hypoxia was observed by fluorometric method.At the same time,the MLC20 phosphorylation of superior mesenteric artery(SMA) in hemorrhagic shock rats was examined by Western blot,and the calcium sensitivityof SMA was assayed with isolated organ perfusion system.Results After hypoxia,the contractile response of VSMC to NE was significantly decreased.Meanwhile the level of MLC20 phosphorylation and calcium sensitivity of SMA after shock were decreased.Angiotensin II(AngⅡ),with the effect of MAPK stimulation,increased the contractile response of VSMC to NE after hypoxia,and increased the level of MLC20 phosphorylation and calcium sensitivity of SMA after shock.PD98059(ERK inhibitor),SB203580(P38 MAPK inhibitor) and SP600125(JNK inhibitor) antagonized the effects of AngⅡ-induced increase of the contractile response of VSMC after hypoxia.ERK and P38 MAPK inhibitors also antagonized the effects of AngⅡ-induced increased the level of MLC20 phosphorylation and calcium sensitivity of SMA after shock,while JNK inhibitor had no effect.Conclusion ERK,P38 MAPK and JNK are involved in the regulation of the contractile response of VSMC after hypoxia,and the mechanism of ERK and P38 MAPK is potentially mediated through MLC20 phosphorylation dependent mechanism(calcium sensitivity regulation pathway),while JNK may be partially involved in regulating of the contractile response of VSMC by other mechanisms.
Three-dimensional Digital Evaluation of Dental Arches in Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the dimensions of the dental arches on three-dimensional digital study models in children with and without cleft lip and palate before the primary surgery. The sample consisted of 223 digital models of children aged 3-9 months, divided into 5 groups: without craniofacial deformities, unilateral and bilateral incomplete cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral and bilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Dental casts of the maxillary dental arches of the children were used. The dental casts underwent a process of scanning through 3D scanner and the measurements used for the correlation among groups were made on the scanned images. Statistical analysis was performed by t test and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The results showed that the intercanine distance and anterior cleft width was wider in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The intertuberosity distances and posterior cleft width was wider in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate among the groups. Children with cleft lip and palate before the primary surgery had wider maxillary arch dimensions than the children without cleft lip and palate.
Intelligent control of an UAV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This project entailed design and testing of an autonomous indoor quad rotor UAV. The project will take part 2015 Singapore Amazing Flying competition which will be held in March 2015. The challenge in this competition is make an autonomous UAV to cross obstacles, recon and drop payloads at target area. The quad-copter has multiple degrees of freedom, rotation ability and multiple add-on functions. The propulsion system produces 4kg of thrust using 14" propellers. The UAV carries a variety of sensors such as a laser rangefinder, sonar and infrared sensors. These sensors are interfaced to on-board processors, which send high-level commands to a low-level flight controller. Flight tests were conducted to demonstrate the flight control and sensor operation of the UAV.
Fast Daily Interfraction and Intrafraction Prostate Repositioning for High Precision Radiotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

textabstractThe research described in this thesis is focused on development and clinical evaluation of image-guidance solutions for correction of both inter- and intrafraction prostate motion in external beam radiotherapy. Corrections are based on planar imaging of implanted gold markers with MV and kV beams. The main advantages of the developed system include (1) high positioning accuracy, (2) minimal increase in fraction duration, (3) high degree of automation, i.e. minimal operator interference, (4) remote controlled couch re-positioning, (5) minimal additional imaging dose. Another important objective of the research was the assessment of residual errors, including organ deformation and rotation, to establish appropriate planning margins.\nOne of the main findings of the research is that implanted gold markers allow for fast daily correction of translational errors in prostate radiation therapy with high accuracy. An investigation of intrafraction positioning errors which occur during the treatment delivery revealed that intrafraction errors partially reproduce from day-to-day, thereby limiting margin reduction in prostate radiotherapy if not corrected. Another finding was that deformation of the seminal vesicles limits margin reduction with daily online translation corrections based on implanted markers. Furthermore, the benefit of rotation corrections in addition to translation corrections was insignificant. Finally, electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) have significantly facilitated time and workload efficient strategies for managing daily positioning errors with minimal extra imaging dose to the patient.
To evaluate the anti-kindling effect of allopregnanolone alone and its interaction with sodium valporate in pentylenetetrazole induced kindling model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background and purpose Studies in the animal models of epilepsy have suggested the anti-seizure effects of neuroactive steroids and its derivatives in kainic acid and pilocarpine induced limbic seizures and status epilepticus in mice, but no such studies have been reported in the published literature on the role of allopregnanolone in chemical kindling model and its interaction with sodium valproate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between sodium valproate and allopregnanolone in pentylenetetrazole induced kindling model in rats. Methods In a PTZ kindled Wistar rat model, sodium valproate and allopregnanolone were administered 30 min before the PTZ injection. The PTZ injection was given on alternate day till the animal became fully kindled or till 10 weeks. The parameters measured were latency to develop kindling and incidence of kindling, histopathological study of hippocampus, hippocampal anti-oxidant parameters and hippocampal DNA fragmentation studies. Results In this study, the combination of low dose of allopregnanolone with low dose of sodium valproate showed a similar beneficial effect to that of a higher dose of sodium valproate in significantly reducing the number of kindled animals (0/8) as compare to PTZ control group (5/8) as well as the seizure scores and the histopathological scores. The combination significantly reduces oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the MDA levels, and increasing the SOD levels and GSH levels in the hippocampus of rats as compared to PTZ control group. So all these data suggest the antiepileptic effect of the combination and confers the synergistic interaction between the allopregnanolone and sodium valproate. Conclusions It can be concluded that by choosing this combination the dose of sodium valproate can be reduced and thereby reduces the incidence of adverse effects caused by sodium valproate and hence proves to be a useful combination clinically. This study has lead the basis to further investigate the various combinations of neurosteroids and valproate in the process of epileptogenesis with better side effect profile.
INVESTIGATION ON THE DISPERSION CURVES OF RAYLEIGH WAVE BY FREQUENCY-WAVENUMBER ANALYSIS METHOD

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Cross correlation method is adopted to extract the dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave in SASW(Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave). Separate multi-mode dispersion curves can not be obtained by this method except the problem countered in unwrapping the phase. The dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave are investigated by the frequency-wavenumber analysis in this paper. Three models of the layered media are considered. The excitation and propagation characteristics of the Rayleigh wave are investigated by numerical simulation. The effects of some parameters such as the number of channels and distance between the source and the first receiver on the dispersion curves are investigated in detail for three models. Some important results about the number of receiver channels, relative error, and mode jumping are obtained. It is found that good dispersion curves can be obtained by f-k analyses when the distance between the first receiver and the source is greater than 5λ.
An ordered arrangement of columnar clusters of atoms in a rhombic quasiperiodic lattice in an Al?Ni?Co decagonal phase

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have found that the structure of an Al-Ni-Co decagonal quasicrystal, which shows a diffraction pattern with many superlattice reflections (called a 'type I superlattice'), can be described as an ordered arrangement of two kinds of atomic columnar cluster with different orientations of their pentagonal symmetry. The fundamental lattice, which is constructed by connecting the clusters, is a rhombic quasiperiodic lattice with a bond length of about 2nm. The two kinds of cluster are placed at the lattice points in a definite manner such that the two connected clusters have different orientations.
Dose escalation of osimertinib for intracranial progression in EGFR mutated non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Osimertinib is a selective irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) with increased penetration across the blood–brain barrier compared with previous EGFR-TKIs, and thus, a 52% reduction in the risk of intracranial disease progression is seen when it is used as a first line of therapy compared with gefitinib and erlotinib. It is also efficient as second-line therapy for patients who developed the T790M resistance mutation following treatment with previous generation TKIs. Here, we report 11 patients who were treated by an increasing dose of osimertinib from 80 mg to 160 mg QD orally following intracranial progression in either first- or second-line setting. Methods This is a subcohort analysis from a larger nonrandomized, phase 2, open-label trial, evaluating the efficacy of osimertinib dose escalation from 80 mg to 160 mg in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with intracranial progression in either first- (arm A) or second-line setting (arm B for T790M+ and C for T790M−). Results Eleven patients, 5 in arm A, 4 in arm B, and 2 in arm C were reported in this study. The mPFS of osimertinib before dose escalation was 11.4 ± 8.9 (6.6–30.7) months for arm A, 8.7 ± 1.8 (6.3–11.2) for arm B, and 14.5 ± 7.8 (6.7–22.3) for arm C. Intracranial response rate to dose escalation was 54% (6 of 11) with 2 of 11 having intracranial stability. Median iPFS was 4.3 ± 7.4 (0.7–25.5) months; 3.8 ± 6.4 (1.8–18.9), 5.6 ± 9.7 (0.7–25.5), and 7.0 ± 2.7 (4.3–9.6) for arms A/B/C, respectively. Dose escalation was well tolerated with diarrhea and paronychia as the main dose-limiting symptoms. Conclusions Osimertinib 160 mg is feasible and may offer a therapeutic alternative for patients with isolated intracranial progression on osimertinib standard (80 mg) dose. Further studies on CNS osimertinib pharmacokinetics are needed to test this hypothesis.
Forces Applied during Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead Removal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methods . 17 physicians, experienced in transvenous lead removal, performed a lead extraction manoeuvre of an ICD lead on a torso phantom. They were advised to stop traction only when further traction would be considered as harmful to the patient or when—based on their experience—a change in the extraction strategy was indicated. Traction forces were recorded with a digital precision gauge. Results . Median traction forces on the endocardium were 10.9 N (range from 3.0 N to 24.7 N and interquartile range from 7.9 to 15.3). Forces applied to the proximal end were estimated to be 10% higher than those measured at the tip of the lead due to a friction loss. Conclusion . A traction force of around 11 N is typically exerted during standard transvenous extraction of ICD leads. A traction threshold for a safe procedure derived from a pool of experienced extractionists may be helpful for the development of required adequate simulator trainings.
THE ENFORCEABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS IN REDUCING CORRUPTION CASES IN INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role of the legal system, particularly through the Anti-Corruption Commission (KPK) and other law enforcement agencies in Indonesia, is pivotal in addressing high-profile corruption cases. However, these efforts have been impeded by factors such as political interference, resource limitations, and a lack of anti-corruption culture, posing challenges for the future. This article employs a normative legal research methodology, utilizing statutory and conceptual frameworks. Data collection involved a thorough literature review of relevant laws and regulations related to anti-corruption issues. In this context, the collaboration between the legal system and civil society emerges as a synergistic force in establishing a robust anti-corruption ecosystem. Emphasizing preventive measures like asset declarations and conflict-of-interest regulations offers valuable insights into the proactive role the legal system can assume in averting corruption before it spreads.
ASSOCIATION OF PATTERN OF MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES WITH MECHANISM OF TRAUMA

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the association of pattern of different maxillofacial injuries and fracture with the mechanism of trauma.Methods and materials: This study was conducted in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery from June 2020 till December 2020. Fifty one patients were included in this study after taking an informed consent. The data collection was completed on a performa including the variables of age, gender, mechanism of trauma, pattern of injury and site of trauma. Data was analysed with SPSS version 19. Percentage and frequencies were calculated for descriptive variables. Pearson Chi-square test was applied to determine the statistical relationship between the variables. The probability value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant.Results: In this study 51 patients, 42 male (82.4%) and 9 female (17.6%) were included. Mean age of the patients was 23.5 years. The mechanism of trauma was road traffic accidents (RTA) in 37 patients (72.5%), 7 (13.7%) had fall, assault in 5 (9.8%) patients and fire arm injuries in 2 (3.9%) patients. The pattern of injuries was compound fractures in 41(80.4%) patients, simple fracture in 8 (15.7%) patients and comminuted fractures in 2(3.9%) patients. RTA was associated with the ZMC fracture and parasymphyseal fracture of mandible.Conclusion: The pattern of maxillofacial trauma diff ers in association with mechanism of injury. The incidence of trauma is more among front seat passengers and drivers than back seat passengers. Thus more safety measures are required for front seat passengers and drivers.
The Impact of the Internet on Political Activism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The core issue for this study concerns less the social than the political consequences of the rise of knowledge societies; in particular, the capacity of the Internet for strengthening democratic participation and civic engagement linking citizens and government. To consider these issues, Part I summarizes debates about the impact of the Internet on the public sphere. The main influence of this development, as it is theorized in a market model, will be determined by the “supply” and “demand” for electronic information and communications about government and politics. Demand, in turn, is assumed to be heavily dependent upon the social characteristics of Internet users and their prior political orientations. Given this understanding, the study predicts that the primary impact of knowledge societies in democratic societies will be upon facilitating cause-oriented and civic forms of political activism, thereby strengthening social movements and interest groups, more than upon conventional channels of political participation exemplified by voting, parties, and election campaigning. Part II summarizes the sources of survey data and the key measures of political activism used in this study, drawing upon the 19-nation European Social Survey, 2002. Part III examines the evidence for the relationship between use of the Internet and indicators of civic engagement. The conclusion in Part IV summarizes the results and considers the broader implications for governance and democracy.
Cortisol detection methods for stress monitoring in connected health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Everyday responsibilities and lifestyle issues are the main cause of physical and psychological stress, which deteriorates the individual's health. Prolonged exposure to stress triggers the adrenocorticotrophic hormonal (ACTH) system and causes the release of cortisol hormones from the adrenal cortex. Many other biomarkers are affected by stress, but cortisol is considered the most vital and potentially clinically useful biomarker for stress estimation and monitoring. Accurate and timely detection of increased cortisol levels might improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress-related diseases such as anxiety disorders, metabolic dysregulation, and cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, most of the cortisol assessments are currently performed only in laboratories and there is no point-of-care solution for ambulatory/real-time cortisol assessment. This review aims to provide an overview of the most promising techniques, currently used for cortisol detection and the challenges associated with them. The review also provides a feasibility report about measuring cortisol levels in different bio-fluids (for example, urine), a correlation of perceived stress with cortisol levels, and methods/devices used in the laboratory as well as in the ambulatory environment for cortisol detection. The overall conclusion suggests that significant research efforts and investments are required for the development of an accurate, rapid, and repeatable cortisol measuring device that can be used for connected health applications.
Monitoring Worldwide Trends of Expressed Depression on Twitter before and after COVID-19 Vaccine Releases

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in early 2020, the global community has been living in fear, stress, and isolation. The COVID-19 vaccine might provide a solution to the ongoing global crisis. This study seeks to monitor the trends of depression that have been discussed on Twitter before and after the COVID-19 vaccine was released and explores whether such differences were universal or geographical. Specifically, this paper investigates the variations in sentiment in different geographic regions and the change of sentiments before and after the vaccine release. We collect tweets containing keywords "COVID-19" and "depression" and rely on releasing date of the COVID-19 vaccine as a division point. The experiment results reveal that topics related to depression varied significantly across different regions before and after the COVID-19 vaccine was released. For example, tweets posted in America are focused on social lockdown and infection with COVID-19 when referring to depression. In contrast, tweets from European countries discuss more typical depression symptoms and Brexit. The tweets posted in Asian, African, and Oceanian contain more discussions on stress. Our analysis further indicates that Asian users' stress is mainly from the study while Oceanian and African users' stress is primarily from family. Another interesting finding in our paper is that tweets show a common desire for normal social activities after the vaccine release, regardless of geographical locations.
The sensorimotor theory of cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The sensorimotor theory of cognition holds that human cognition, along with that of other animals, is determined by sensorimotor structures rather than by uniquely human linguistic structures. The theory has been offered to explain the use of bodily terminology in nonphysical contexts, and to recognize the role of experienced embodiment in cognition. This paper defends a version of the theory which specifies that reasoning makes use of mental models constructed by means of action-planning mechanisms. Evidence is offered from cognitive psychology, the neurosciences, and work in primatology and evolutionary theory. Further scientific and philosophical advantages of the theory are discussed: the theory is more parsimonious than its rival, and it offers better accounts of intrinsic intentionality and consciousness. The paper concludes with observations concerning the role of language in thought.
Maxillofacial reconstruction with prefabricated prelaminated osseous free flaps

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The prefabricated fibula flap is an advanced method of occlusal‐based reconstruction that combines placement of osseointegrated dental implants with prelamination, using a split skin graft on the fibula, weeks prior to the definitive reconstruction. This approach is resource intensive but has several advantages including eliminating the delay from reconstruction to dental rehabilitation. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all prefabricated fibula flaps used for mandible and maxillary reconstruction from 2012 to 2020 was performed. Outcome measures were implant survival, implant utilization and functional dental rehabilitation. Results A total of 17 prefabricated fibula flaps were performed including two analogue and 15 digital plans. There were nine maxillary and eight mandibular reconstructions, of which 11 were primary and seven were secondary. There were no free flap failures. A total of 65 implants were placed (average 3.8, median 3 implants). There was one implant failure at 6 years giving a 1.5% failure rate. There was 91% implant utilization and 94% functional dental rehabilitation. Conclusion The prefabricated fibula flap provides outstanding dental rehabilitation in well‐selected patients.