jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Seed Extraction Methods on Viability, Germination and Seedling Vigour of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to find out the influence of different methods of extraction of seed from pods of Albizia lebbeck viz. splitting by hand, beating with plyable stick and threshing with paddy thresher and man-hour requirements, cost of extraction, seed recovery, viability, germination and seedling vigour was calculated. Results on viability test revealed that there was no significant difference on viability (97.5%) between the extraction methods. Germination recorded at 25 days after sowing revealed that seeds extracted through commercial paddy thresher gave maximum germination of 13% followed by beating with plyable stick and splitting with hand gave 9% and 5% respectively. Sulfuric acid treated seeds gave more than 95% germination irrespective of the extraction method when compared to control. While calculating the cost of extraction of 50 kg Albizia lebbeck pods, it was Rs. 87.50/- for paddy thresher, followed by beating with plyable stick (Rs, 187/-) and splitting with hand (Rs. 500/-). From this study, it could be concluded that Albizia lebbeck seed extraction through paddy thresher gave maximum seed recovery and germination without affect the viability with lesser time and cost.
Sporadic Japanese case of adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia caused by a de novo p.Phe849del mutation in CSF1R

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor ( CSF1R ) gene. We, herein, report the first Japanese case of ALSP caused by a de novo p.Phe849del mutation in CSF1R : a 44‐year‐old man who presented callosal disconnection symptoms. Brain MRI revealed dilation of the lateral ventricles, periventricular white matter hyperintensities, and thinning of the corpus callosum with hyperintensities on T2‐weighted and FLAIR images. Brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed hypoperfusion in the anterior corpus callosum. White matter lesions in MRI and hypoperfusion in SPECT increased with age. A brain biopsy at 44 years revealed axonal spheroids. Callosal disconnection symptoms and hypoperfusion in the anterior corpus callosum may be important indicators of ALSP, especially when caused by a p.Phe849del CSF1R mutation.
Background Noise? TV Advertising Affects Real-Time Investor Behavior

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using minute-by-minute TV advertising data covering some 300 firms, 327,000 ads, and $20 billion in ad spending, we study the real-time effects of TV advertising on investors’ searches for online financial information and subsequent trading activity. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that viewers in different U.S. time zones are exposed to the same programming and national advertising at different times, allowing us to control for contemporaneous confounding events. We find that an average TV ad leads to a 3% increase in EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) system queries and an 8% increase in Google searches for financial information within 15 minutes of the airing of that ad. These searches translate into larger trading volume on the advertiser’s stock, driven primarily by retail investors. The findings on retail investor ad-induced trading are corroborated with hourly data from Robinhood, a popular retail trading platform. We also show that ads induce searches and trading of companies other than the advertiser, including of close rivals. Altogether, our findings suggest that advertising originally intended for consumers has a nonnegligible effect on financial markets. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Medical Complications of Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Obesity is a chronic progressive condition. It is associated with adverse health outcomes affecting the cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, urinary, respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal, and reproductive systems. Obesity also increases the risk of certain malignancies and psychological comorbidities. The aetiopathogenesis of obesity-linked diseases is complex and not yet fully elucidated, however, clinical and experimental observations, as well as epidemiological studies, have identified a key role for adipocyte-derived factors, in particular from visceral adipose tissue and ectopic lipid deposition. These factors drive low-grade chronic systemic inflammation and mediate the development of at least some obesity-associated diseases. Increasing understanding of the mechanisms whereby obesity leads to a myriad of complications is urgently required to pave the way for development of novel evidence-based preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Perspectives on the future of nature in Europe: storylines and visualisations : background report

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Throughout Europe, people experience and value nature in various ways, but they also experience the decline in biological diversity. Although successes have been achieved, nature policies have not been effective in all respects. Halting biodiversity loss and restoring ecological systems in the EU requires substantial action, in addition to current measures implemented under the EU Birds and Habitats Directives. More effective implementation, more coherence with other policies and greater engagement by other sectors and the public are needed. A closer connection between the ways in which people experience and value nature and nature policy may enhance their engagement in nature-related efforts. A more fundamental reflection on nature policies may be helpful. This has been done by PBL in its Nature Outlook study, which presents alternative ‘perspectives’ on the future of nature in the European Union. The synthesis report European nature in the plural1 is primarily intended to provide inspiration for current strategic discussions on EU policies that are related to nature beyond 2020, whereas the current report provides complete versions of the storylines and visualisations of the perspectives. Thereby, it enables policymakers and stakeholders to derive more specific insights and ideas from the perspectives. The report may be used to generate insights for policies, facilitate communication and boost engagement in nature among other sectors and citizens. In order to stimulate this, the report explains how policymakers and stakeholders could use the perspectives to create joint visions. The Nature Outlook project consists of a baseline, a trend scenario, four perspectives and several policy messages. These components have been constructed not only from literature review and visualisations, but also by using the results from a philosophers’ dialogue on the relationships between people and nature in Europe, as well as several stakeholder dialogues on the future of nature.
How does Nature regulate atmospheric composition?: Formaldehyde removal from air

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Formaldehyde (HCHO), a common Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), generated from human activity and industry, is ubiquitous in the indoor and outdoor environments in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). VOCs react with nitrogen oxides (NOx) creating frequent ozone (O3) events which are hazardous to human and ecosystem health in the MCMA. Research into current indoor VOC removal technologies reveal that indoor/outdoor airflow is not easily mediated, besides, these technologies often lead to secondary, undesirable by-products. We employ the Biomimicry Thinking Methodology, and ask: "How would Nature solve this problem? Research finds that plants send VOCs into the soil where they are largely processed via the microbiome. The composition of the microbiome, the soil, sunlight, water and nutrient availability, wind, barometric pressure, temperature, pH, aeration, plant community, and the concentration and mix of VOCs affect the rate the soil either emits or sinks the compounds. We find research supporting the correlation between native plant-microbiome relationships and microbiome health. Discussion of context considerations specific to the MCMA informs a design concept addressing indoor and outdoor atmospheric HCHO removal. HCHO contributes to O3 events and can be processed via the microbiome using natural chemical pathways.
3-D FE-modeling of a mass movement on basis of geophysical investigations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A Iandslide has been modeled by three different models utilizing the FE-Program BMINES. The combination of several geophysical methods provided the information about the 3D-geometry of the slip and the range of some material properties. Seismic refraction surveys, geoelectrical soundings and electromagnetic measurements have been used for the characterization of the slip, location, depth, and physical properties of material.
The Future of Arctic Marine Navigation in Mid-Century - Scenario Narratives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This document serves as the final Scenario Narratives Report for the Future of Arctic Marine Navigation in Mid-Century, a project of the Arctic Council’s Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) working group and Global Business Network (GBN), a member of the Monitor Group. The purpose of this project, and these scenarios, is to systematically consider the long-term social, technological, economic, environmental, and political impacts on Arctic Marine Navigation of Key Finding #6 of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) published by the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee in November 2004. These scenarios are meant to summarize and communicate a set of plausible and different stories of the future in which critical uncertainties play out in ways that challenge planning decisions being made in the present. For this scenarios project on the Future of Arctic Marine Navigation, we convened two workshops to gather the perspectives and ideas of a highly diverse group of stakeholders. The first workshop was held at the GBN office in San Francisco in April 2007, and the second at the offices of Aker Arctic Technology in Helsinki in July 2007. Because this project rests on Key Finding #6, all of the scenarios assume continued global climate change that results in significantly less Arctic ice cover, at least in the summer, throughout the 2030s and 2040s. It is our intention that these scenarios will provide material for deeper discussions about the future and earlier decisions by the countries, peoples, and industries active in the Arctic region.
Assessment of a MOSFET circuit model as a tool for device design down to 0.05 μm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report investigates in what respect the so called 'physical' circuit model is a helpful tool to a device engineer. Gate, channel and source/drain (S/D) engineering are the three main themes for optimising the device characteristics. Whether a circuit model can provide quantitative information about the device geometric parameters is looked for. It is found that the basic I/sub ds/ model can be scaled down to 50 nm channel lengths covering most of the device design aspects.
Accurate Molecular Sensing based on a Modular and Customizable CRISPR/Cas‐Assisted Nanopore Operational Nexus (CANON)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Solid‐state nanopore is a promising single molecular detection technique, but is largely limited by relatively low resolution to small‐size targets and laborious design of signaling probes. Here we establish a universal, CRISPR/Cas‐Assisted Nanopore Operational Nexus (CANON), which can accurately transduce different targeting sources/species into different DNA structural probes via a “Signal‐ON” mode. Target recognition activates the cleavage activity of a Cas12a/crRNA system and then completely digest the blocker of an initiator. The unblocked initiator then triggers downstream DNA assembly reaction and generate a large‐size structure easy for nanopore detection. Such integration of Cas12a/crRNA with DNA assembly establishes an accurate correspondence among the input targets, output DNA structures, and the ultimate nanopore signals. We demonstrated dsDNA, long RNA (i.e., Flu virus gene), short microRNA (i.e., let‐7d) and non‐nucleic acids (i.e., Pb 2+ ) as input paradigms. Various structural assembly reactions, such as hybridization chain reaction (HCR), G‐HCR and duplex polymerization strategy (DPS), are adapted as outputs for nanopore signaling. Simultaneous assay is also verified via transferring FluA and FluB genes into HCR and G‐HCR, respectively. CANON is thus a modular sensing platform holding multiple advantages such as high accuracy, high resolution and high universality, which can be easily customized into various application scenes.
CLONING OF HUMAN TRAIL cDNA AND EXP RESSION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To obtain human TRAIL cDNA and expression product s, we obtain target gene cDNA from human lymphocyte through RT-PCR,and clone it t o pGEM-T vector.We construct human TRAIL expression plasmid with pBV220 express ion vector and target gene fragment obtained by PCR. Then we transform the plasm id to host cells,DH5α,till OD 600 value reaching 0.6,induce expression o f TRAIL at 42℃. The TRAIL products were obtained with about 31% yield of total bacterial soluble proteins after 5h inducing pBV-TRAILD/DH5α engineering bacte ria strain by gel thin layer scan analysis. Human TRAIL gene can highly express in E.coli through prokaryon expression vector, pBV220.
Display of Haptic Shape Using Ultrasound Pressure Distribution Forming Cross-Sectional Shape

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a method for expressing the shape of a virtual object using ultrasound tactile presentation. In this method, the cross-sectional shape of a finger penetrating the virtual object is estimated from a point cloud acquired by a depth sensor. An ultrasound focus is moved around the cross-sectional shape at a high speed, which enables the generation of a pressure distribution on the finger corresponding to the position of the object surface. This method can be applied to any 3D polygon mesh model, and the local shape of the model can be recognized from the change in the pressure distribution when the finger is inserted into it. We conducted a numerical simulation and a user study to verify the effectiveness of this method for object shape recognition.
Becoming a black Jew: cultural racism and anti‐racism in contemporary Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many scholars consider 'identity' and 'identity politics' to be among the most important means for cultural minority groups to challenge a discriminatory reality. Others caution that these processes might result in the polarisation of differences, potentially fuelling hatred, harsh conflict, exclusion and even violence. The tension between these two views is presented in this article through an examination of the way young Ethiopian Jews whose parents immigrated to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s have developed their own particular identity precisely in the course of and as a result of the encounter with Israeli society and its mechanisms of exclusion, discrimination, and control. The state declared a policy of assimilation, but in practice relegated the new arrivals to a status of inferiority and marginality. As a result, young Ethiopian Jews reconstructed a new, complex and hybrid Israeli identity, in which blackness is one important element. This unique identity is presented in the paper as a crucial response by the youths to a discriminatory reality of cultural racism. However, the essay also raises doubts concerning their success in minimising their subjugation and in 'de‐racialising' Israel.
(a) Gr. Inst. 116, (b) Gr. Inst. 3605, (c) Gr. Inst. 4240, (d) Gr. Inst. 6148, (e) Somers Clarke MSS. 11.62

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Photograph: Karnak. The temple precinct of Amun. The columns of the hypostyle hall between the second and third pylons and a clerestory window.
Waveform Recognition Using Genetic Programming: The Myoelectric Signal Recognition Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new strategy for multifunction myoelectric control of an upper arm prosthesis. We apply genetic programming to the classification of several anisometric myoelectric patterns (e.g., thumb flexion, extension and abduction), using features extracted from the myoelectric signal. This approach increases the number of possible control functions that can be extracted from myoelectric signals. This control scheme, combined with a multifunction myoelectric hand design, will provide the prosthesis user with more functions than now available. We present three different approaches each capable of recognizing 100% of the three motions. Finally, we present our ideas for the future of this project.
High Efficient Water Use of Maize and Sunflower Intercropping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The traditional multi-cropping systems in the oasis region of Northwest of China are facing the challenge of high water consumption and low water use efficiency(WUE),constructing high WUE intercropping pattern may be a preferable approach in arid region.Field experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of mulching method and seeding quantity on the production value of maize/sunflower intercropping,maize yield and water production efficiency(WPE)with.The results showed that maize/flower intercropping could increase unit area of land output value without increasing water consumption.Number and date of cut flowers increased by mulching methods,but sunflower commodity rate reduced.Compared with the monoculture of maize and sunflower,maize/sunflower intercropping significantly increased WPE.WPE of maize/sunflower intercropping reached 12.34-13.28yuan/m3,50.3%-61.8% higher than monoculture of maize.The revenue of sunflower/maize intercropping with film mulching and high seeding quantity treatment could reach to 83 337yuan/hm2in maximum.
Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate increases fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in raspberries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of preharvest methyl jasmonate (MJ) application on fruit quality, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity in black raspberry cv. Jewel (Rubus occidentalis L) and red raspberry cv. Autumn Bliss (Rubus idaeus subsp.) were studied under field condition. Raspberries treated with MJ had higher soluble solids content, total sugars, fructose, glucose, sucrose and lower titratable acids (TAs), malic acid and citric acid than untreated fruit. MJ also significantly enhanced the content of flavonoids and the antioxidant capacities in the fruit. The cv. Jewel had higher soluble solids and lower TAs compared with the cv. Autumn Bliss. On the basis of fresh weight of fruit, ‘Jewel’ also had significantly higher anthocyanin, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than ‘Autumn Bliss’.
Seasonal dynamics and co‐occurrence patterns of honey bee pathogens revealed by high‐throughput RT‐qPCR analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The health of the honey bee Apis mellifera is challenged by introduced parasites that interact with its inherent pathogens and cause elevated rates of colony losses. To elucidate co‐occurrence, population dynamics, and synergistic interactions of honey bee pathogens, we established an array of diagnostic assays for a high‐throughput qPCR platform. Assuming that interaction of pathogens requires co‐occurrence within the same individual, single worker bees were analyzed instead of collective samples. Eleven viruses, four parasites, and three pathogenic bacteria were quantified in more than one thousand single bees sampled from sixteen disease‐free apiaries in Southwest Germany. The most abundant viruses were black queen cell virus (84%), Lake Sinai virus 1 (42%), and deformed wing virus B (35%). Forager bees from asymptomatic colonies were infected with two different viruses in average, and simultaneous infection with four to six viruses was common (14%). Also, the intestinal parasites Nosema ceranae (96%) and Crithidia mellificae/Lotmaria passim (52%) occurred very frequently. These results indicate that low‐level infections in honey bees are more common than previously assumed. All viruses showed seasonal variation, while N. ceranae did not. The foulbrood bacteria Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius were regionally distributed. Spearman's correlations and multiple regression analysis indicated possible synergistic interactions between the common pathogens, particularly for black queen cell virus. Beyond its suitability for further studies on honeybees, this targeted approach may be, due to its precision, capacity, and flexibility, a viable alternative to more expensive, sequencing‐based approaches in nonmodel systems.
Clinical Research on Osteopathy of Traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to Fracture of the Extremities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:Through the comparison between traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to fracture of the extremities and the effect of simple operation,the article has scientifically proved the advantages of traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to Fracture of the Extremities,and offered the objective basis for further popularization and application.Method:To divide 4 patients of fracture of the extremities(who hospitalized in our hospital from December 2006 to December 2008)into two groups:an experiment group and a control group.The experiment group is treated with traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to fracture of the extremities and the control group is treated by operation.The article presents the distinction between traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to fracture of the extremities and the effect of simple operation.Result:① Cure rate of the four patients in the treatment group is 97%,and total effective rate is 100%superior to the control group(P0.05).②Cure rate of symptoms of Mongolian Medicine is 97%,and total effective rate is 100%superior to the control group(P0.05).③The treatment group has the obvious effect to formation of poroma and recovery of joint function superior to the control group(P0.05).According to the result of analysis,traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to fracture of the extremities has values in practical applications and popularization.Conclusion:Through a systematical clinical research,the article proves the effect and differences of traditional Mongolian Medicine and Fixation with Small Splint to fracture of the extremities and the treatment group is superior to the control group(P0.05).