jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Cellular Neurofuzzy Network for Supporting Detection of Diabetic Symptoms in Retinal Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a contribution for supporting diabetic symptoms detection in retinal images is proposed by synthesizing a cellular neurofuzzy network able to provide informations on vague pale regions of fundus images with suspect diabetic damages. After highlighting pale regions in input images by an intensity difference map evaluation, their contrast is enhanced by means of a CNN-based fuzzy subnet. After an adaptive thresholding evaluation, contrast-enhanced images with bimodal histograms are globally segmented by a CNN-based subsystem, providing binary output images, in which suspect diabetic areas are easily isolated. Performances are evaluated by means of the correct recognition rate, which provides percentage measures of exactness in the detection of suspect damaged areas. Results are discussed and compared with other researchers' ones.
Current understanding of the factors influencing the functional independence of people with cerebral palsy: a review of the literature

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The variation in functional independence of people with cerebral palsy (CP) allows us to state that there are various factors influencing the development of this independence.Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze scientific articles focused on the search for factors influencing the functional independence of people with CP in the context of planning the rehabilitation procedures.Methods: The Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases were searched for articles on factors influencing the functional independence of people with CP. Inclusion criteria used in searching were: articles in English and articles on people with CP. Exclusion criteria were: no access to full, free version of the article and articles published before 1990.Results: Three groups of factors influence the development of functional independence: internal, external, and task-based factors. External and task-based factors will be of greatest interest to specialists dealing with the rehabilitation of people with CP, as these are the factors which can most readily be changed, and thus offer the best opportunity to increase the independence of people with CP.Conclusions: Factors, which affect the functional independence of people with CP, are important in planning rehabilitation since they enable professionals in motor rehabilitation to be focused on factors that are amenable to change. Those factors allow professionals in the field of physical rehabilitation to be driven by goals, which are directly related to improving the functional independence of people with CP.
An elderly man with diarrhoea and cellulitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article An elderly man with diarrhoea and cellulitis Get access M Hussien, M Hussien South Tyrone Hospital, Dungannon, Co Tyrone, N Ireland Correspondence to Mr M Hussein, Surgical Department, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry, N Ireland BT47 6SB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M E L Ismail M E L Ismail Downe Hospital, Downpatrick, Co Down, N Ireland BT30 6JA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 75, Issue 889, November 1999, Pages 685–686, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.75.889.685 Published: 01 November 1999 Article history Accepted: 18 February 1999 Published: 01 November 1999
Regulatory circuits governing identity and function of human type 1 ILCs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Innate lymphocytes develop from common progenitors but diverge functionally into a broad range of subsets that comprise a rapid response system to pathogens. In mice, type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), characterized by IFN-g expression, segregate into two major groups: cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells and cytokine-producing, helper like ILC1s. In humans, this functional dichotomy is complicated further by heterogenous populations of circulating or tissue-resident NK cells, which exhibit distinct potentials for cytotoxicity or cytokine expression. Although developmental and functional kinships among NK cells have been studied extensively in mice, little is known about the molecular programs governing NK populations in humans. Here, we present integrated "-omics" analysis of human type 1 ILCs from blood and mucosal tissues, which identifies the key factors and biologic pathways establishing cell-type and functional identifies, as well as their underlying gene regulatory programs.
Observation: An Empirical Discussion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Of the many controversial claims in Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions perhaps none are more troublesome than those made in his account of the role of a paradigm in perception. For if we take it that “a paradigm is prerequisite to perception itself (Kuhn 1970, p. 113) and that “two groups of scientists see different things when they look from the same point in the same direction” (Kuhn 1970, p. 150) then we seem to be burdened with all the familiar problems about whether, and how, experimental evidence could possibly serve to promote the acceptance of a paradigm. And, indeed, these problems have been amply discussed in the last several decades. Dudley Shapere, for instance, has questioned Kuhn’s account of how science comes to move between incommensurable paradigms. (Shapere 1964) Still, Kuhn’s discussion of perception has an empirical foundation in psychological research which gives it a certain resilience in the face of surface problems with the consequences of his account.
On supersymmetric Minkowski vacua in IIB orientifolds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Supersymmetric Minkowski vacua in IIB orientifold compactifications based on orbifolds with background fluxes and non-perturbative superpotentials are investigated. Especially, microscopic requirements and difficulties to obtain such vacua are discussed. We show that orbifold models with one and two complex structure moduli and supersymmetric 2-form flux can be successfully stabilized to such vacua. By taking additional gaugino condensation on fixed space-time filling D3-branes into account also models without complex structure can be consistently stabilized to Minkowski vacua.
Influence of High Surfactant Oil Concentrate Adjuvants and Oil Rate Response to Spray Volume on Herbicide Efficacy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is limited research on High Surfactant Oil Concentrates (HSOC), so studies were conducted for their evaluation. Multiple MSO-based (HSMOC) and POC-based (HSPOC) HSOCs were tested with glyphosate plus dicamba or glyphosate plus tembotrione. The addition of HSMOCs provided greater indicator species control HSPOCs when added to either herbicide tank-mix. When multiple experimental oil to surfactant ratios were added to glyphosate plus dicamba or glyphosate plus tembotrione, there were no differences among experimental HSOC ratios when added to either tank-mix by 28 days after application. Since oil adjuvant rates can be based on either treated area or percent of spray solution, oils were added to either dicamba or tembotrione to evaluate rate methods. There were few differences in species control when oils were added to dicamba. Quinoa and amaranth control were more consistent when using the percent volume-based rates with tembotrione.
The State of Healthcare Facilities to Provide Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Chronic Respiratory Disease Related Services in Bangladesh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The rapid rise of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) are causing serious challenges forBangladesh to achieve the sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4 by 2030. The study aims to describe the state of healthcarefacilities to provide diagnosis and treatment for diabetes, CVD and CRD related services in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional studyused data from 2017 Bangladesh Health Facility Survey (BHFS). A total of 406 health facilities providing all three services wereconsidered for this study. Findings of the study illustrated that there were rural-urban disparities in healthcare facilities to providediabetics, CVD, CRD related services. Diabetics and CRD related services were significantly higher in public healthcare facilitiesof urban areas compared to rural areas (P <0.008 and P<0.001, respectively). Also, public health facilities of urban areas were morelikely to provide CVD related services compared to rural areas. While private healthcare facilities of urban areas were more likelyto provide CVD, CRD related services than rural areas. Private healthcare facilities of rural areas were in better condition to providediabetes related services than urban areas. However, the country is yet to attain optimal progress in the overall status of health sector.Therefore, in order to cope up with the rising burden of diabetes, CVD and CRD and to minimize the burden of disease specific outofpocket healthcare expenses, recommendations include strengthening and improving stewardship, improving quality of servicesand improving monitoring as well as supervision of decentralized healthcare facilities. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(1): 14-21, 2022 (January)
Data from Therapeutic Targeting of Stromal-Tumor HGF-MET Signaling in an Organotypic Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes proliferation, drug resistance, and invasiveness of cancer cells. Therapeutic targeting of the TME is an attractive strategy to improve outcomes for patients, particularly in aggressive cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that have a rich stroma and limited targeted therapies. However, lack of preclinical human tumor models for mechanistic understanding of tumor–stromal interactions has been an impediment to identify effective treatments against the TME. To address this need, we developed a three-dimensional organotypic tumor model to study interactions of patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) with TNBC cells and explore potential therapy targets. We found that CAFs predominantly secreted hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and activated MET receptor tyrosine kinase in TNBC cells. This tumor–stromal interaction promoted invasiveness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and activities of multiple oncogenic pathways in TNBC cells. Importantly, we established that TNBC cells become resistant to monotherapy and demonstrated a design-driven approach to select drug combinations that effectively inhibit prometastatic functions of TNBC cells. Our study also showed that HGF from lung fibroblasts promotes colony formation by TNBC cells, suggesting that blocking HGF-MET signaling potentially could target both primary TNBC tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Overall, we established the utility of our organotypic tumor model to identify and therapeutically target specific mechanisms of tumor–stromal interactions in TNBC toward the goal of developing targeted therapies against the TME.</p>Implications:<p>Leveraging a state-of-the-art organotypic tumor model, we demonstrated that CAFs-mediated HGF-MET signaling drive tumorigenic activities in TNBC and presents a therapeutic target.</p></div>
Structurally Diverse Diterpenes from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The present investigation of the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum resulted in the discovery of six new polyoxygenated diterpenes, namely sartrocheliols A–E (1, 3, 5–8) along with four known ones, 2, 4, 9, and 10. Based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, sartrocheliol A (1) was identified as an uncommon capnosane diterpene, while sartrocheliols B–E (3, 5–8) were established as cembrane diterpenes. They displayed diverse structural features not only at the distinctly different carbon frameworks but also at the various types of heterocycles, including the epoxide, γ-lactone, furan, and pyran rings. Moreover, their absolute configurations were determined by a combination of quantum mechanical-nuclear magnetic resonance (QM-NMR) approach, modified Mosher’s method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. In the anti-tumor bioassay, compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against A549, H1975, MDA-MB-231, and H1299 cells with the IC50 values ranging from 26.3 to 47.9 μM.
Some Ecological Aspects of Animal Excrement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research Article| March 01 1975 Some Ecological Aspects of Animal Excrement Jane Thomas Rowland Jane Thomas Rowland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1975) 37 (3): 154–157. https://doi.org/10.2307/4445129 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jane Thomas Rowland; Some Ecological Aspects of Animal Excrement. The American Biology Teacher 1 March 1975; 37 (3): 154–157. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4445129 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1975 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Absolutely Mardi Gras : costume and design of the Sydney gay & lesbian Mardi Gras

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Every year the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras parade transforms the streets of Sydney into a colourful and noisy spectacle, celebrating the pride, diversity and creativity of gay men and lesbians. Like the exhibition at the Powerhouse Museum on which it is based, this book focuses on the extraordinary costumes made for Mardi Gras and showcases some of the most prominent designers. It goes behind the scenes of the Mardi Gras Workshop where so many wonderful floats and props have been created and explains how Mardi Gras has grown from a radical political march to become world famous. Full of colour photographs, the book covers 20 years of the parade - from fraught to fabulous!
CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER TO ASSESS THE IMPACT ON DEGRADATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE TROPAEUM TRAIANI MONUMENT

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present paper is focused on the microclimatic investigation and weather-climatic phenomena matrix assessment, which can be generated for heritage objectives at different spatial and temporal resolutions, correlated with physicochemical analysis of the particulate matter (PM2.5-10). In the literature the importance of atmospheric PM monitoring in the proximity of monuments is not yet sufficiently highlighted. In this respect, the microclimatic investigation of the Tropaeum Traiani Monument (Adamclisi, Romania) was performed to assess the suitability of a closed environment, located outdoors, according to the conservation requirements of heritage materials. The monitoring campaigns (four seasons, e.g., from summer of the year 2018 to spring of the year 2019) were carried out by non-invasive measuring equipment. The collected data were used to investigate the hygrothermal and chemical behavior inside and outside of Tropaeum Traiani Monument, built in 109, to assess the risks on the oldest structural material. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics software to assess the similarities between the microclimatic parameters.
Strategic Self-Disclosure: interpersonal competence of female romantic communication in American media dating culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper focuses on stra-tegic Self-Disclosure within female communicationin American dating culture. The strategic Self-Disclosure affects mutual dyadic interest and romantic relationship outcomes in media dating behaviour. To increase the chances of the communicative effectiveness the strategic ways are explored, namely what should be said (semantics) and how it should be said (discourse features viaverbal means). The strategic ways are implemented by feminine communicative moves sourced from an American dating show “The Bachelor”(2012-2018).They are aimed at achieving the communicative intention to awaken the male addressee’s interest and curiosity by intentionally revealing personal information. The cross-cultural awareness of the strategic Self Disclosureis mutually beneficial for both native speakers and non-native speakers helping easily to overcome the communication barriers and develop the greater self-confidence of romantic partners.
Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms. Objectives: We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied during the “Stay-at-Home” order compared with the prepandemic period and whether nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms would occur. Methods: We conducted an online survey to opportunistically reassess clinical anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference while controlling for somatic symptom severity during the prepandemic and Stay-at-Home order period. During the Stay-at-Home period, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference were reassessed. Coping strategies were assessed as a critical factor influencing pain behaviors. In addition, we explored the occurrence of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms with an ad hoc survey referencing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publicly available COVID-19 symptoms. Results: We observed a significant increase in depression and anxiety levels during the Stay-at-Home period. Coping strategy changes (eg, increased exercise) were linked to lower pain severity and interference which improved overall. Participants who self-reported nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms had higher prepandemic depression. Among the 72 participants not diagnosed with COVID-19, 70.8% of the participants experienced symptoms resembling those associated with COVID-19. Conclusion: We suggest the parallel between pain outcome improvement and worsening anxiety and depression during the Stay-at-Home order might reflect a shift in symptoms, indicating that those patients with underlying mood disorders may require more help than they did before the pandemic.
Wave scattering from periodic multilayer structures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The computation of single gratings lead to the analysis of the whole structure. Multimode interaction between the scatterers dramatically complicates the theoretical model. If the angle between the gratings rulings is not equal to zero then the problem becomes vector one and therefore, two-dimensional Floquet bases in an oblique coordinate system are used. Then, some auxillary algorithms that significantly simplify the computation procedure by reducing the main problem to set of subproblems, which are analyzed in the one dimensional basis, are considered. The common concepts of such an approach are presented by an example of two-layer grating array.
Evaluation of company information sources and references in the Asian countries on the Internet.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study was initiated by the need to find out more about the types of company information generated and placed on the Internet web sites focusing on some of the Asian countries which include: Singapore, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, India, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Asia as a whole. To exploit this vast amount of information that is freely available on the Internet, users need to be informed of the precise web location, quality, coverage and contents of the commercial home pages.
The complementary-DNA encoding the first enzyme of the shikimate pathway in Solanum tuberosum L.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A glyphosate-tolerant tobacco cell-line, Nicotiana tabacum L. Indiana 7, was selected from the glyphosate-sensitive Wisconsin 38 line. Tolerance and growth characteristics of Indiana 7 cells were the same for cells maintained for more than one year in the presence or absence of glyphosate. Wisconsin 38 cells accumulated 46 times more shikimate than Indiana 7 cells, when cells of both lines were exposed to the herbicide. Specific activities of 3-deoxy- sc D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, the first enzyme of the shikimate pathway, and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase, the target site of glyphosate, were elevated in Indiana 7 cells. Plants regenerated from Indiana 7 cells retained tolerance to glyphosate. A cDNA encoding potato DAHP synthase, the first from any eukaryotic source, was cloned into $\\lambda$gt11. The nucleotide suquence was obtained, and the identity of the cDNA was confirmed through partial amino acid sequence analysis of DAHP synthase. The cDNA contains a 1521 bp open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 56,108. The N-terminus of the deduced amino acid sequence of potato DAHP synthase resembles a transit peptide that has regions of charged amino acid residues in common with other chloroplast transit peptide sequences. Amino acid sequence identity between the mature potato DAHP synthase and the E. coli Phe-sensitive DAHP synthase is 27%. Wounding potato tubers induced steady-state levels of translatable DAHP synthase mRNA seven-fold. The mRNA increase was followed by a comparable elevation of enzyme activity and amount. The induction was localized to the wound site, but was maximal in periderm tissue, indicating tissue-specific regulation within the potato tuber. DAHP synthase was also wound-induced in potato leaves and tomato fruit. The regulation of DAHP synthase in response to stress conditions confirms its role as a key regulatory enzyme of the shikimate pathway.