jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of The Level of Slum Area in Subulussalam City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the level of slum area in Subulussalam City. The location of the study is conducted in Subulussalam City, Aceh Province, based on the Decree of the Mayor of Subulussalam No. 188.45 / 101/2014 concerning the determination of the location of slums in Subulussalam City, there are 5 slum areas with a total area of ​​61.77 hectares spread across 5 villages in 5 sub-districts which receive priority handling of slums through the KOTAKU program. The result shows that slum areas in Subulussalam City showed similarities with the results of Anggara's analysis (2018) of slum areas in Tanjung Beringin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, which is at Medium slum level with a score of 64.
Stability of auditory discrimination and novelty processing in physiological aging.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Complex higher-order cognitive functions and their possible changes with aging are mandatory objectives of cognitive neuroscience. Event-related potentials (ERPs) allow investigators to probe the earliest stages of information processing. N100, Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are auditory ERP components that reflect automatic sensory discrimination. The aim of the present study was to determine if N100, MMN and P3a parameters are stable in healthy aged subjects, compared to those of normal young adults. Normal young adults and older participants were assessed using standardized cognitive functional instruments and their ERPs were obtained with an auditory stimulation at two different interstimulus intervals, during a passive paradigm. All individuals were within the normal range on cognitive tests. No significant differences were found for any ERP parameters obtained from the two age groups. This study shows that aging is characterized by a stability of the auditory discrimination and novelty processing. This is important for the arrangement of normative for the detection of subtle preclinical changes due to abnormal brain aging.
Toward Africana Queer Theory in Africana Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter is inspired by both personal and academic concerns about perspectives on continental and diasporan lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (queer) identities and experiences in Afrocentric/African-centered discourse in the discipline of Africana Studies. It explores the rationale for and shift toward the development of an Africana queer theory in Africana Studies. The major arguments concerning homosexuals in the writings of the foremost Afrocentric/African-centered scholars, who have created the normative discourse in contemporary African-centered Africana Studies, are examined. The chapter also deals with the issue raised by the African American gay scholar and HIV activist Ron Simmons. African-centered psychologist Daudi Azibo suggests absolutely not. In his initial and most recent Nosology, he painstakingly defines what he terms sexual misorientation, a criterion which includes not only lesbian and gay realities, but he equates these identities and orientations with bestiality and sex obsession.
Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and BCL-2 in the cerebal cortex after occlusion/reperfusion in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin （rhEPO） neuroprotection by studying the effect of rhEPO on expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and BCL-2 following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was induced by the intraluminal filament method, and intraperitoneal injection of rhEPO was used for intervention. Histopathological changes were observed by HE staining, and the expressions of MMP-9 and BCL-2 in the cerebral cortex of ischemic side were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results HE staining： At all time points, the numbers of surviving nerve cells were significantly higher in the rhEPO group, and their injury degree was significantly lower. MMP-9 immunohistochemistry staining： The positive cells were observed occasionally in the normal control group and the sham-operation group; the MMP-9 positive cells at the ischemic side of brain tissue in a normal saline control group began to appear at 6 hours after reperfusion, it reached the peak at 24 hours and began to decrease at 72 hours; the change trend of MMP-9 positive cells in the rhEPO group was similar to that in the normal saline control group, but it was significantly lower than that in the normal saline control group at the same time points （t were 12.023 6, 12. 635 0, 12. 779 6, respectively, all P 〈0.01）. BCL-2 immunohistochemistry staining： No positive cells were found in the normal control group and sham-operation group, The numbers of BCL-2 positive cells reached the peak at the ischemic side of brain tissue in the normal saline control group at 6 hours after reperfusion, it reached the peak at 24 hours and further decreased at 72 hours; the change trend of BCL-2 positive cells in the rhEPO group was similar to that in the normal saline control group, but it was significantly higher than that in the normal saline control group at the same time points （t were 5. 763 1,8.110 1, and 5. 798 7, respectively, all P 〈0.01）. Conclusions rhEPO may inhibit cortical neuronal apoptosis at the ischemic side by inhibiting MMP-9 expression and up-regulating BCL-2 expression so as to play a neuroprotective effect.

Key words:
erythropoietin; cerebral ischemia; reperfusion injury; matrix metalloproteivase 9; proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2; rats
HELICONIA: RHIZOME PROPAGATION, SHOOTING AND CLUMP AREA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heliconia cultivation is rapidly expanding in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region. Usually, Heliconia rhizomes are directly transplanted to the field, which has been causing a high percentage of mortality, low shooting rates, and a long time to produce new shoots, depending on the genotype. This paper presents information on rhizome viability (RV), number of shoots per clump (NSC) during one year, and area occupied per clump (APC). The evaluations were carried out at the Heliconia Germplasm Collection of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Camaragibe - PE, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with 30 treatments (genotypes) and 4 replications. The plant spacing was 3.0 m between plants in the rows and 4.0 m between rows. Differences between cultivars and hybrids of Heliconia species were observed from the analyzed traits, especially for RV. Depending on the genotypes, shoot production was observed before 46 days after planting (DAP) or only after 100 DAP. NSC varied from 1.00 to 4.00 at 108 DAP and from 9.40 to 69.25 at 365 DAP. Short Heliconia genotypes such as H. × nickeriensis and H. psittacorum cultivars and hybrids had a larger NSC and APC than medium to tall Heliconia genotypes. The APC evaluation indicated that the use of the same plant spacing for all different Heliconia genotypes is inappropriate and can lead to future problems in plant management. These results indicate that the possibility of success in plant breeding management depends on the selection of genotypes with adequate values for these traits.
Evaluating the Glycemic Effects of Dolutegravir and Its Predictors Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Dolutegravir (DTG), a key component of the recommended human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment regimens in Uganda, has been associated with hyperglycemia. We evaluated its influence on hyperglycemia risk to create a hyperglycemia risk stratification tool for patient monitoring. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at 3 sites with 628 HIV-positive patients on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD). Participants included both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–experienced (exposed) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naive (nonexposed) groups. Follow-up occurred every 6 months with random blood sugar (RBS) testing every 3 months. Participants with RBS ≥7 mmol/L were classified as hyperglycemic and underwent glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing, confirming diabetes with a 6.5% cut-off. Results The study found a hyperglycemia incidence rate of 24.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.3–31.1) cases per 100 person-years (PY) and a diabetes incidence rate of 5.8 cases (95% CI, 3.6–9.3) per 100 PY. Hyperglycemia incidence was slightly lower in nonexposed (20.8 cases per 100 PY) versus exposed groups (25.2 cases per 100 PY). Multivariable analysis indicated a trend toward lower hyperglycemia risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.78 [95% CI, .37–1.66]; P = .52) and substantially lower diabetes incidence (aHR, 0.34 [95% CI, .04–2.82]; P = .32) in the nonexposed group. Significant factors for hyperglycemia included age (P &lt; .001), study site (P &lt; .001), and DTG-based ART duration (P = .02). Conclusions Our study showed an increased incidence of hyperglycemia with age, study site, and duration of DTG exposure in people with HIV on TLD. We suggest integrated screening and care for hyperglycemia and diabetes in HIV services, especially when initiating DTG regimens.
Dissemination of a single ST11 clone of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae within a large polyclonal hospital outbreak determined by genomic sequencing

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The population structure of a set of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging to sequence type 11 (ST11 Kp-OXA) and obtained from two hospitals in Madrid in the period from 2012 to 2015 was studied by genome sequencing. Overall, 97 ST11 Kp-OXA isolates were sequenced and their population structure and demography were studied by Bayesian phylodynamic analysis using core-genome SNVs. In total, 92 isolates were from Hospital La Paz, 57 of them from two selected units. The remaining five isolates were from different units of Hospital Doce de Octubre. Altogether, 96 out of the 97 ST11 Kp-OXA isolates could be ascribed to a single lineage that evolved into three sublineages. Demographic inference showed an expansion of the ST11 Kp-OXA in the first half of 2013 in agreement with the registered incidences. Dated phylogeny showed transmission clusters within hospital wards, between wards and between hospitals. The ST11 Kp-OXA outbreak in Hospital La Paz was largely due to the expansion of a single clone that was transmitted between different units and to Hospital Doce de Octubre. This clone diverged into three sub-lineages and spread out following a mixed mode of neutral core-genome evolution with some features of antibiotic selection, frequent large deletions and plasmid loss and gain events.
Nuclear Translocation of Calpain‐2 Mediates Apoptosis of Hypertrophied Cardiomyocytes in Transverse Aortic Constriction Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes plays an important role in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Hypertrophied cardiomyocytes show enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility to apoptosis and its mechanism in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes using a rat model of transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAC). Sixteen weeks of TAC showed compensatory and pathological hypertrophy in the left ventricle. TUNEL‐positive nuclei were significantly increased in TAC with angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment. Calpain inhibitor, PD150606, effectively inhibited Ang II‐induced apoptosis of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Ang II increased nuclear translocation of intracellular Ca 2+ activated calpain‐2 in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Ang II enhanced the interaction between activated calpain‐2 and Ca 2+ /calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II δB (CaMKIIδB), and promoted the degradation of CaMKIIδB by calpain‐2 in the nuclei of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Consequently, the depressed CaMKIIδB downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 leading to mitochondrial depolarization and release of cytochrome c led to apoptosis of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, hypertrophied cardiomyocytes show increased susceptibility to apoptosis during Ang II stimulation via nuclear calpain‐2 and CaMKIIδB pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: 2743–2754, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Konstuksi Filosofis Akad Mudharabah Dan Relevansinya Dengan Praktik Perbankan Syariah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The mudharabah contract has been known since the Arab era of ignorance, until it was used as an alternative to overcome economic problems at the beginning of the hijrah. Therefore, this contract must be understood comprehensively, not only from a definitive perspective, but also from a historical and philosophical perspective. Because this is the basis for the mudharabah contract being legalized in Islamic muamalah practice. At a practical level in the distribution of funds in sharia banking, mudharabah contracts are always less popular than murabahah contracts and other contracts, even though in terms of the radius of economic benefit mudharabah contracts are higher. Therefore, the philosophical construction of a muamalah contract must be explained so that its relevance can be found with the practice carried out. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of library research (literature review). Data sources were obtained from various literary sources, in the form of books, textbooks and other supporting literature using descriptive analysis methods to explain the problem being studied and its relationship with the phenomenon being analyzed. Sharia banking must comply with the profit and loss philosophy inherent in it. This becomes a juridical dilemma for Islamic banking because in practice it is less relevant to its philosophical construction. Transforming the muamalah contract from classical jurisprudence concepts to banking practice cannot be separated from two fundamental problems. First, problems of a philosophical-conceptual-paradigmatic nature. Second, implementation-operational-empirical problems. Prioritizing philosophical-paradigmatic aspects without any implementation efforts will make Islamic banking a mere utopia. On the other hand, prioritizing the empirical-implementation aspect without first building a philosophical-paradigmatic foundation will actually make Islamic banks lose direction as an economic business building that stands on the rubble of uncertainty. So these two aspects need to be harmonized on an ongoing basis to achieve the fundamental goals of muamalah in Islam.
Influence of building topography around high-speed railway foundation on wind environment and thermal comfort

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the surrounding building topography of the Datong-Xi?an high-speed railway foundation on the wind environment and the thermal comfort is studied, especially the outdoor wind environment and indoor air-flow organization of the surrounding buildings are analyzed numerically, and the building terrain and the indoor temperature and the wind?s speed distribution are systematically evaluated. The results show that the surrounding terrain of the roadbed has a significant effect on the wind environment of the site, affecting the natural ventilation in summer and wind-proof and energy-saving in winter. The terrain surrounding of the building in summer reduces the wind speed by 30.5%, and it increases in winter by 31.6%; the wind speed in the indoor personnel activity area of the building around the roadbed is less than 0.35 m/s, leading to a comfortable body feeling.
Outbreak of acute Chagas disease associated with oral transmission in the Negro river region – Brazilian Amazon region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introducao : A eco-epidemiologia da doenca de Chagas na Amazonia brasileira apresenta desafios para um futuro proximo, como a rapida transformacao de enzootia para uma antropozoonose, ou mesmo como endemia humana na regiao. Nos ultimos anos, centenas de casos tem sido relatados na Amazonia brasileira, a maioria decorrente de surtos agudos. Metodos : Descreve-se pela primeira vez na regiao do Rio Negro, Amazonas, um surto da doenca de Chagas aguda, envolvendo 17 pessoas. Realizaou-se avaliacao epidemiologica e clinica, gota espessa, hemograma por sorologia - hemaglutinacao, imunofluorescencia, ELISA, xenodiagnostico, PCR, eletrocardiograma e RX de torax. Os pacientes tinham em comum historia de consumo do suco de acai produzido a partir de frutos colhidos de uma unica palmeira, provenientes de Monte Alegre, area rural de Santa Izabel do Rio Negro. Resultados : Dos 17 pacientes, 15 eram do sexo masculino, idade entre 10-70 anos, media 31,3 anos; todos positivos para Trypanosoma cruzi nos exames por esfregaco de sangue e exame a fresco, 14 por xenodiagnostico e PCR. Principais manifestacoes clinicas - febre, astenia, dor abdominal e palpitacoes. Tres (21,4%) apresentavam alteracoes ECG: um tinha baixa voltagem do QRS, um com bloqueio divisional ântero-superior, um tinha bloqueio do ramo direito associado ao bloqueio divisional ântero-superior. Tres pacientes foram diagnosticados (gota espessa) na Unidade de Saude (Barcelos) perto por Santa Izabel. Conclusoes : Este foi o terceiro surto da doenca de Chagas aguda no Estado do Amazonas, o primeiro relatado na Regiao do Rio Negro. Os outros correram nas regioes do Rio Solimoes, Coari e Tefe respectivamente.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), an ornate parasite of birds in Florida, South Carolina and Texas (USA), and redescription of all parasitic stages of H. chordeilis (Packard, 1869)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 3. Haemaphysalis vasilisae sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs of male (Christmas, Orange Co., Florida, USA, USNMENT 01784556, paratype). A, Gnathosoma, dorsal view; B, Gnathosoma, ventral view; C, Gnathosoma, anteroventral view; D, Ventral spur of palpal segment III; E, Coxae and trochanters; F, coxa I; G, Trochanter I, dorsal view. Scale-bars: A–C, F, G, 0.1 mm; D, 0.05 mm; E, 0.2 mm.
Studies on fermented soybean food manufacture using various mold. Part 1. Application of the genus Rhizopus for miso manufacturing (1).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

テンペ由来あるいは清酒で試験されたRhizopus属6株を用い, それぞれのスターター (種菌) を造り, 小型通風製麹機で蒸米による培養試験をし, 比較的プロテアーゼ活性が高く, 胞子着生の遅い, Rhizopus oryzae IFO 5418, R. japonicns IAM 6002の2株を選択した。さらにこの麹を用い, 食塩濃度を4-12%と変えた味噌仕込みをし, 以下の結果を得た。1. スターターに含まれる胞子数, グルコサミン量はspecies間で異なった。2. 蒸米で培養したところ, プロテアーゼ活性は酸性側が主体で, アミラーゼ活性は微弱であり, pHは4.0前後まで下がった。3. 選択株の産生した有機酸は, 乳酸が主体であった。4. この麹で味噌を仕込んだところ, 蛋白質溶解率は対照の黄麹菌区の70%程度になるが, アミノ酸の遊離量は極端に少なくそれの35%前後で, 糖については全区分とも60%台の遊離率であった。5. 物性は粘りが少なくぱさぱさしやや硬かった。6. 色は照りは少ないが, 熟成中の着色が小さいため測色Y値は黄麹菌区より遙かに高く明るかった。7. 食塩8%以上では未熟の傾向にあったが, 4 %のものは従来の低食塩化味噌にありがちな過熱臭, 過熱味がなく味がマイルドで, 香りは味噌らしくなかった。8. Rhizopus属を利用した味噌は, ピログルタミン酸が極めて少なかった。
Cladobotryum mycophilum as Potential Biocontrol Agent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted to explore the efficacy of potential biocontrol agent Cladobotryum mycophilum against different phytopathogenic fungi. The growth rates of 24 isolates of C. mycophilum were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and Mycosphaerella melonis. Most isolates grow rapidly, reaching the opposite end of the Petri dish within 72–96 h. Under dual-culture assays, C. mycophilum showed antagonistic activity in vitro against all phytopathogenic fungi tested, with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 30 to 90% against all the different phytopathogens tested. Similarly, of all the selected isolates, CL60A, CL17A and CL18A significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the plant assays compared to the controls for the different pathosystems studied. Based on these results, we conclude that C. mycophilum can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. This is the first study of Cladobotryum mycophilum as a biological control agent for different diseases caused by highly relevant phytopathogens in horticulture.
Defect bulk-boundary correspondence of topological skyrmion phases of matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Unpaired Majorana zero-modes are central to topological quantum computation schemes as building blocks of topological qubits, and are therefore under intense experimental and theoretical investigation. Their generalizations to parafermions and Fibonacci anyons are also of great interest, in particular for universal quantum computation schemes. In this work, we find a different generalization of Majorana zero-modes in effectively non-interacting systems, which are zero-energy bound states that exhibit a cross structure -- two straight, perpendicular lines in the complex plane -- composed of the complex number entries of the zero-mode wavefunction on a lattice, rather than a single straight line formed by complex number entries of the wavefunction on a lattice as in the case of an unpaired Majorana zero-mode. These cross zero-modes are realized for topological skyrmion phases under certain open boundary conditions when their characteristic momentum-space spin textures trap topological defects. They therefore serve as a second type of bulk-boundary correspondence for the topological skyrmion phases. In the process of characterizing this defect bulk-boundary correspondence, we develop recipes for constructing physically-relevant model Hamiltonians for topological skyrmion phases, efficient methods for computing the skyrmion number, and introduce three-dimensional topological skyrmion phases into the literature.
Toxicological evaluation on human colon carcinoma cell line (CaCo-2) of ionic liquids based on imidazolium, guanidinium, ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium cations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Toxicological evaluation of a new group of ionic liquids was performed on human colon cancerous cells—CaCo-2. They belong to different classes of cations: imidazolium (IM), dimethyl-guanidinium (dmg) and tetramethyl-guanidinium (tmg), methyl-pyrrolidinium (MPyr), 2-methyl-1-ethyl-pyridinium (2-MEPy), quaternary ammonium (benzyltriethyl-ammonium–BzTEA; phenyltrimethyl-ammonium–PhTMA; tri-n-octyl-methylammonium-Aliquat) and tri-n-hexyl-tetra-n-decylphosphonium (P6,6,6,14). The new results were compared with data obtained in previous reported studies performed in our lab, and we clearly saw that toxicity can vary significantly with the type of anion. Dicyanoamide-[DCA] and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide-[NTf2] were seen to visibly change the impact of some cations. Some were considerably less harmful for CaCo-2 monolayer when the anion was [DCA] or [NTf2], while others induced an abnormal increase of cellular metabolism when [NTf2] was present and therefore, they were considered toxic. However, some cations induced similar responses in the presence of a broad number of anions as (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium)-[C4MIM] (with the exception of [FeCl4]), (1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium)-[C2OHMIM] and [C4MPyr] and did not cause toxicity. Consequently, they are considered promising cations for building human friendlier solvents. But, a reasonable number of other combinations involving different classes of cations were also seen to not significantly affect viability of the CaCo-2 monolayer.