jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P316 A pilot consequences of colorectal cancer virtual clinic in lincolnshire during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Recent reductions in cancer mortality rates are the result of better screening and the use of improved treatments. Whilst there has been a longstanding awareness of the psychological and social impact of cancer therapy, there has been little emphasis on dealing with the physical symptoms that are a frequent complication of treatment. This can include living with chronic and debilitating bowel symptoms as well as problems with sexual and urinary function. At the United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust, over 400 patients are diagnosed and treated for colorectal cancer annually. We therefore sought to develop a unique virtual service to help patients who have developed gastrointestinal symptoms following treatment.

Methods

A virtual telephone clinic was set up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients in need of specialist gastroenterology input were identified by CRC nurse specialists, colorectal surgeons or oncology specialists in their follow up clinics. Patients were then reviewed by a gastroenterology research fellow via a telephone consultation. Investigations requested included blood tests, faecal elastase, faecal calprotectin, SeHCAT scan, abdominal x-ray and breath test.

Results

38 patients (18 male, 20 female) were reviewed between October 2020 to October 2021. The median age was 71 (range 44 to 86) and the average duration of symptoms was 38 months (range 8 to 86). The site of cancer was in 22 rectum, 6 sigmoid colon, 1 transverse colon, 3 ascending colon and 6 caecum. All had been diagnosed with CRC and received treatment that included surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy either alone or in combination with one another. Symptoms included loose stool, bloating, increased frequency and incontinence with diagnoses made shown in Chart 1. Patients' symptoms pre-referral and post treatment were assessed objectively using the gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale (GSRS), with an average GSRS on referral of 29.5, improving to 16.2 following investigation and treatment.

Conclusions

In most patients referred to our specialist clinic, we have been able to identify one or more cause for their problems. Treatment, that may include laxatives, bile acid sequestrants, antibiotics and dietary changes may lead to a dramatic improvement in symptoms. Future recommendations include earlier recognisation of patients in need of specialist referral through the use of symptom questionnaires, improved funding for this neglected field in post cancer treatment and the development of similar consequences of cancer clinics in trusts nationwide.
Rurality or distance to care and the risk of homelessness among Afghanistan and Iraq veterans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Several risk factors have been identified in ongoing efforts by the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to mitigate high rates of homelessness among veterans. To date, no studies have examined the relationship of rurality and distance to nearest VA facility to risk of homelessness. Due to challenges in accessing available services, the hypothesis was that rural-residing veterans are at greater risk for homelessness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The cohort consisted of veterans who had separated from the military between 2001 and 2011. The authors used a forwarding address provided by the service member at the time of separation from the military to determine rurality of residence and distance to care. The authors examined differences in the rate of homelessness within a year of a veteran’s first encounter with the VA following last military separation based on rurality and distance to the nearest VA facility using multivariable log-binomial regressions. Findings In the cohort of 708,318 veterans, 84.3 percent were determined to have a forwarding address in urban areas, 60.4 and 88.7 percent lived within 40 miles of the nearest VA medical center (VAMC), respectively. Veterans living in a rural area (RR=0.763; 95 percent CI=0.718-0.810) and those living between 20 and 40 miles (RR=0.893; 95 percent CI=0.846-0.943) and 40+ miles away from the nearest VAMC (RR=0.928; 95 percent CI=0.879-0.979) were at a lower risk for homelessness. Originality/value The unique data set allowed the authors to explore the relationship between geography and homelessness. These results are important to VA and national policy makers in understanding the risk factors for homelessness among veterans and planning interventions.
Dam as Estrangement: Collective Memory and Development Questions in the Tribal Resistance Against Hydropower Project in Tripura, Northeast India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Government of India’s developmental plans to transform its Northeastern region into a major hub for large-scale hydropower projects on nearly all its perennial rivers has incited significant Indigenous tribal resistance. Many of these resistances arise from the previous experiences of the dam and in response concerns were expressed that such new dam construction could further impact river ecosystems, the livelihoods, and the cultural heritage of Indigenous communities that are linked to their epistemologies. Using the lens of collective memory, this paper examines how past experiences of dam have coerced Indigenous tribes to resist the new dam construction, with a special focus on a newly proposed dam over the Haora (Saidra) River in Tripura—a last corner state of Northeast India.
Structure of 3′ Terminal Region of Type II Human T Lymphotropic Virus: Evidence for New Coding Region

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The sequence of the 3′ terminus of the human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) was determined and compared to the corresponding sequence of HTLV-I. The 1557-nucleotide-long sequence can be divided into a 5′ region that is not conserved between the two viruses, and a 3′, 1011-nucleotide-long region that is highly conserved and that corresponds precisely with a long open reading frame for both HTLV-I and -II. The proteins that could be encoded by these open reading frames have a molecular weight of about 38,000 and are closely related in primary amino acid sequence. The genomic structure in the 3′ region of HTLV was found to be similar to that of bovine leukemia virus.
Protein secretion biotechnology usingStreptomyces lividans: Large-scale production of functional trimeric tumor necrosis factor ?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the feasibility of large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals expressed as heterologous polypeptides from the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces lividans. As a model protein we used murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (mTNFα). mTNFα fused C-terminally to the secretory signal peptide of the subtilisin-inhibitor protein from Streptomyces venezuelae. Under appropriate fermentation conditions, significant amounts of mature mTNFα (80–120 mg/L) can be recovered from spent growth media. Efficient downstream processing allowing rapid purification of mTNFα from culture supernatants was developed. Importantly, the protein is recovered from the spent growth medium in its native trimeric state as judged by biophysical analysis. Further, mTNFα secreted by S. lividans is significantly more active in an in vitro apoptosis tissue culture assay than a corresponding polypeptide produced in Escherichia coli. This pilot study provides the first validation of S. lividans protein secretion as an alternative bioprocess for large-scale production of oligomeric proteins of potential therapeutic value. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 72: 611–619, 2001.
Engaging young African American women breast cancer survivors: A novel storytelling approach to identify patient‐centred research priorities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Patient‐centredness is considered an essential aspiration of a high‐quality health‐care system, and patient engagement is a critical precursor to patient‐centred care. Objectives To engage patients, health‐care providers and stakeholders in identifying recommendations to address research and practice gaps that impact young African American breast cancer survivors. Methods This paper reported an approach for research priority setting. This approach applies an engagement process (January‐September 2018) of using patient and stakeholder groups, patient storytelling workshops and a culminating storytelling conference in Wisconsin to generate relevant research topics and recommendations. Topics were prioritized using an iterative engagement process. Research priorities and recommendation were ranked over the conference by counting participants’ anonymous votes. Results One hundred attendees (43 patients/family members, 20 providers/researchers and 37 community members) participated in the conference. Five topics were identified as priorities. The results showed that three priority areas received the most votes, specifically community outreach and education, providing affordable health care and engaging in complementary care practice. Stakeholders also agreed it is critical to ‘include youth in the conversation’ when planning for cancer support and educational programmes for caregivers, friends and family members. Conclusion Storytelling as a patient engagement approach can build trust in the patient‐research partnership, ensure that patients are meaningfully engaged throughout the process and capture the diversity of patient experiences and perspectives.
First-principles investigation of positively charged and neutral oxygen vacancies in amorphous silica

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The structural parameters, electron localization functions, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters, formation energies, and thermodynamic transition levels of various oxygen vacancy defects in amorphous silica are comprehensively and integrally investigated by using density functional theory. The trends of changes in the oxygen vacancy defect structure and electron localization induced by the increase in distance between defective silicon atoms are clearly identified. It is shown that the dimer configuration may be the potential structure of the Eδ′ center. For the back-projected unpuckered configuration and the puckered configuration, whose EPR parameters are more consistent with the experimental values of the Eγ′ center, the unpaired electron localized on the sp3 hybridized silicon atom is a common feature. Due to the three-coordinated oxygen atom in the forward-oriented configuration, the EPR parameters are closest to those of the Eα′ center. Transformations of oxygen vacancy defects under different charge states are studied by sequentially adding and removing electrons. The thermodynamic transition level analysis reveals that the dimer and forward configurations may behave as deep traps for electron accumulation. The back-projected puckered fourfold-coordinated and fivefold-coordinated configurations are comparatively stable and may be able to function as shallow traps for electron transport. The neutral double unpuckered, neutral back-projected puckered fourfold-coordinated, and neutral back-projected unpuckered configurations are more likely to lose electrons during hole trapping. As the bias voltage is repeatedly changed, the defect density of the puckered configuration may reduce, while that of the dimer and unpuckered configuration may take an opposite trend.
What keeps online customers repurchasing through the internet?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Factors affecting the intention of purchasing online have been investigated for many years. On the other hand, the question of what keeps online customers repurchasing through the Internet has rarely been examined. By expanding the existing customer satisfaction/continuance model based on the expectation-confirmation model, this study aims to provide a theoretical model that can support technical, business, and consumer issues involved in online repurchasing. The results of an online questionnaire of 1,215 Japanese online customers pointed out that not only basic factors of confirmation, satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and perceived incentives, but a new factor, customer loyalty, are factors significantly influencing the online customers' intention to repeat purchase through the Internet. This study sheds light on the development of online incentive technology and the means of enhancing customer loyalty to promote online repurchasing.
A narrative review of literature on the use of health and social care by older trans adults: what can United Kingdom services learn?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract We carried out a narrative review and thematic analysis of literature on the physical health care, mental health care and social care of trans older adults to ascertain what is known about older trans adults’ contacts with and use of health and social care. Thirty papers were found: a majority originated in the United States of America. Five themes were identified: experience of discrimination/prejudice and disrespect; health inequalities; socio-economic inequalities; positive practice; and staff training and education. The first three themes present challenges for providers and service users. Experiences of discrimination/prejudice and disrespect over the course of their lives powerfully influence how older trans adults engage with care services and practitioners. Health and socio-economic inequalities suggest that older trans adults are likely to have greater need of services and care. The remaining two themes offer opportunities for service improvement. We conclude that more research is needed, that there is a strong argument for taking a lifecourse perspective in a spirit of cultural humility, and that contextual societal factors influence service users and providers. We identify positive trans-inclusive practices which we commend to services. More needs to be done now to make older adult services appropriate and welcoming for trans service users.
Nurturing Professional Development in TESOL: A Community of Practice Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The focus of this paper was to explore the challenges facing the effectiveness of teaching the English Language in TESOL and assess the role of communities of practice groups in overcoming challenges facing the effectiveness of teaching the English Language in East and West Africa. The study employed qualitative research through a virtual ethnography approach. Data were collected through participative observation and interviews in communities of practices and platforms online. Findings established that lack of teaching materials, poor teaching environment, and lack of opportunities for a Community of Practice and professional development were among the challenges that have been hindering the effectiveness of teaching the English Language in the field of TESOL in East and West Africa. Online professional development offered by Community of Practice groups, sharing English teaching materials, and opportunities to support school-based teacher education and training were among the strategies revealed by Community of Practice used by teachers to improve their teaching in TESOL. As a result, the study recommends that cultivating communities of practice and sharing professional development opportunities provide a continuous learning support system for updating English teaching strategies and providing effective skill acquisition in a sustainable and inclusive educational system.
Anthropology’s Most Documented Man, Ca. 1947: A Prefiguration of Big Data from the Big Social Science Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Big Data," a descriptive term of relatively recent origin, has as one of its key effects the radically increased harnessing of ever-more-personal information accrued in the course of pedestrian life. This essay takes a historical view of the amassing and sharing of personal data, examining the genealogy of the "personal" and psychological elements inherent in Big Data through the case of an American Indian man who (the reigning experts claimed) gained the status of the most documented single individual in the history of modern anthropology. Although raised a traditional Hopi Indian in Oraibi, Arizona, Don Talayesva (1890–1985) gave over his life materials to scientists at prominent universities and constituted in and of himself a "vast data set" long before such practices were common. This essay uses this pioneering data set (partially preserved in the Human Relations Area Files and its web-based full-text database, eHRAF) to examine the distinctiveness of Big Data in relation to the personal, psychological realm; finally, a comparison is made with twenty-first-century data-collection practices of quantifying the self.
Relationship between EphA2 and Laryngeal Carcinoma Angiogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the relationship between EphA2 and laryngeal carcinoma angionegesis.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of EphA2 and CD34 in 20 normal squamous epithelium tissues and 50 laryngeal carcinoma.The relationship between EphA2 expression and Microvascular density was analyzed bg Spearman correlation and linear regression.Results The MVD in laryngeal carcinoma (54.89 ± 13.67) was significantly higher than that in normal squamous epithelial tissues ( 17.15 ± 5.21 ) ; The EphA2 in laryngeal carcinoma(4.56 ± 1.38) was significantly higher than that in normal squamous epithelial tissues ( 2.49 ± 1.23 ) ( t =16.721,5.847,all P ＜ 0.05 ).There was significant positive linear correlation between EphA2 and MVD in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion EphA2 may correlate with angionegesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Key words:
Laryngeal neoplasms; EphA2 ; Microvascular density
Profitability and Expanding Collection Period in Bangladesh

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this article, the authors investigate the relationship between profitability and receivables management of DSE listed non-financial firms in Bangladesh for the years 2000-2017. A cointegration model is used to examine the relationship between average collection period (ACP), return on assets (ROA), firm size, and debt ratio of firms. Impulse response analysis indicates that while the other variables quickly return to equilibrium, a shock to ACP or profitability seems to have a significant and durable impact on the relationship. A GMM model has also been used to estimate a regression that shows the impact of increasing ACP on profitability. The results strongly point to a cointegrating relationship and the critical role of receivables management on profitability. The article contributes to the existing literature by providing strong evidence that the average collection period is the most critical variable in addressing control of working capital management. However, this variable is the most difficult variable to manage, especially after there is an indication that it is worsening.
SIGNAL ANALYSIS IN THE COMMUNICATION OF A WEAKLY ELECTRIC FISH9EIGENMANNIA VIRESCENS(GYMNOTIFORMES)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Eigenmannia virescens is a South American freshwater species with an electric organ discharge (EOD) of the wave type. This social fish's EOD is masked by the intense\nnoise from close-by conspecifics. In spite of this, Eigenmannia detects external signals at lowest thresholds for a vertebrate octavolateralis sensory system; furthermore, Eigenmannia discriminates between stimulus waveforms which is unknown for mechanical sensory modalities. It is suggested that an analysis of beat signals in three steps underlies these sensory feats: (1) stimulus filtering and intensity assessment of a\nsingle harmonic of an external signal, in spite of only weak tuning of the high-frequency part of the electrosensory system. (2) Assessment of the frequency difference between a fish's own EOD and that of an external signal. It is shown that temporal cues of the\nmixed (beat) signal are sufficient, and that beat amplitude cues are not required; nor do they seem to be used by the fish. Steps 1 and 2 completed, a fish may change its EOD frequency (e.g., by a jamming avoidance response) for optimizing (3) the assessment of stimulus waveform from the beat signal, such as external female and male EODs. Sensory models for the assessment of frequency difference and stimulus waveform are presented.
Inhibition of p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis via targeting prolyl-isomerase Pin1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal epithelial oxidative stress and apoptosis constitute key pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We previously reported that the adaptor 66 kDa isoform of the adaptor molecule ShcA (p66Shc)-mediated pro-apoptotic pathway was activated after intestinal I/R. However, the upstream regulators of the p66Shc pathway involved in intestinal I/R remain to be fully identified. Here, we focused on the role of a prolyl-isomerase, peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerase (Pin1), in the regulation of p66Shc activity during intestinal I/R. Intestinal I/R was induced in rats by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Juglone (Pin1 inhibitor) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally before I/R challenge. Caco-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to simulate an in vivo I/R model. We found that p66Shc was significantly up-regulated in the I/R intestine and that this up-regulation resulted in the accumulation of intestinal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and massive epithelial apoptosis. Moreover, intestinal I/R resulted in elevated protein expression and enzyme activity of Pin1 as well as increased interaction between Pin1 and p66Shc. This Pin1 activation was responsible for the translocation of p66Shc to the mitochondria during intestinal I/R, as Pin1 suppression by juglone or siRNA markedly blunted p66Shc mitochondrial translocation and the subsequent ROS generation and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, Pin1 inhibition alleviated gut damage and secondary lung injury, leading to improvement of survival after I/R. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Pin1 inhibition protects against intestinal I/R injury, which could be partially attributed to the p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This may represent a novel prophylactic target for intestinal I/R injury.
Clinical features of 16 elderly patients with ulcerative colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze the clinical features of elderly patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods One hundred and eighty-six cases with diagnosed ulcerative colitis in Zhongnan Hospital and Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 1985 to 2000 were recruited. The clinical features were compared between the elderly (≥60 yrs) and the young (20-59 yrs) patients. Results Among the 186 cases of ulcerative colitis, 16(8. 6 %) were elderly. There were no significant difference in clinical presentations, extraintestinal manifestations and complications between two groups (P0. 05) , except that anemia and emaciation were more common in the elderly group than that in young group (P0. 01). The occurrence of colonic carcinoma in the elderly group was higher than that in the young group (P0. 05) and the disease of elderly patient was more severe than that of the young patients (P0. 01). Conclusions The clinical features of elderly patients with ulcerative colitis showed not different from that of the young patients; symptoms of the elder patients were more severe and the occurrence of anemia, emaciation, and colonic carcinoma were more frequent. This might be associated with the longer course of the diseases.