jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Evaluation of Functionalized Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite for Local Delivery of Active Agents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was carried out to investigate the biological response in vivo to biomimetic hydroxyapatite implant coatings functionalized with bisphosphonates and bone morphogenetic proteins. The functionalization was carried out by a simple soaking procedure in the operating room immediately prior to surgery. Cylindrical titanium samples with and without coatings were implanted in the distal femoral epiphysis of sheep and retrieved after 6 weeks. The histological analysis proved that all samples were integrated well in the tissue with no signs of intolerance. Fewer osteoclasts were observed in the vicinity of bisphosphonate-functionalized samples and the bone was denser around these samples compared to the other samples. Samples functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein induced more bone/implant contact but showed a more inconsistent outcome with reduced bone density around the samples. This study demonstrates a simple method to functionalize implant coatings, which provides surgeons with an option of patient-specific functionalization of implants. The observed biological impact due to the delivery of active molecules from the coatings suggests that this strategy may also be employed to deliver antibiotics from similar coatings.
Debating dams: The World Commission on Dams 20 years on

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The World Commission on Dams (WCD) was a global environmental governance forum that worked between 1998 and 2000 to try to resolve long‐standing controversies between supporters and opponents of large dams. Its objectives were to assess the development effectiveness of large dams and to develop best practice guidelines for large dam construction and management, based on an extensive review of scientific evidence and wide‐ranging stakeholder consultation. This paper reviews literature discussing the WCD, to understand its influence on the debate on large dams and beyond. We find that its influence is debated within four main contexts: (a) interpretations of stakeholder responses to the WCD report and recommendations; (b) the persistence of the kinds of impacts of large dams that gave rise to the Commission's work; (c) the different visions for appropriate follow‐up strategies; and (d) insights from the WCD experience in the context of global environmental governance. Within these four contexts, we identify diverse opinions and directions of post‐WCD development and sources of disagreement on its merits and legacy, ranging from calls for its full implementation to dismissal and opposition. Commentators also differ in their assessment of whether the WCD sparked truly novel insights and propositions for dam decision‐making or whether it simply represented one among many other elements in the broader debate on dams. Most commonly, the WCD's work is cited in the context of persistent negative social and environmental impacts of dams: neither the impacts nor the controversy over large dams have ended. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Recurrent migraine aura-like symptoms in an elderly woman: symptomatic cortical spreading depression?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has been directly observed in humans with malignant stroke, traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage and is also considered to be the correlate of migraine aura. We report on a 76-year-old woman with new-onset episodes of headache, paraesthesia, hemiparesis and dysarthria, in whom a small cortical subarachnoid haemorrhage was diagnosed with MRI. Repeated diffusion-weighted MRI scans shortly after transient focal neurological episodes as well as diagnostic workup were normal, which makes recurrent transient ischaemic attacks unlikely. Ictal electroencephalogram recordings showed no epileptic activity. Long-term follow-up revealed a diagnosis of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We propose that CSD could be a pathophysiological correlate of transient focal neurological deficits in patients with cortical bleeding.
UNDERSTANDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN ENVIRONMENT AND BEST PRACTICES FOR MANAGING RISKS IN TODAY’S COMPLEX ECONOMY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>The objective of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, to inform the audience on the inherent risk of shortage of raw materials used to produce high-tech devices, sources and the different levels of stakeholders involved in the transformation process – all of which is a subset of the supply chain. Secondly, given that we live in a complex global economy within which changes are occurring rapidly, we need to develop an awareness of risks in our surrounding business environment and develop the skillset necessary to manage risks well.</p>
The Impact of Private Hospital Insurance on the Utilization of Hospital Care In Australia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We use the 2004-'05 wave of the Australian National Health Survey to estimate the impact of private hospital insurance on the propensity for hospitalization as a private patient. We employ instrumental-variable methods to account for the endogeneity of supplementary private hospital insurance purchases. We calculate moral hazard based on a difference-of-means estimator. We decompose the moral hazard estimate into a diversion component that is due to an insurance-induced substitution away from public patient care towards private patient care, and an expansion component that measures a pure insurance-induced increase in the propensity to seek private patient care. We find some evidence of self-selection into insurance but this finding is not robust to alternative specifications. Our results suggest that on average, private hospital insurance causes a sizable and significant increase in the likelihood of hospital admission as a private patient. However, there is little evidence of moral hazard; the treatment effect of private hospital insurance on private patient care is driven almost entirely by the substitution away from public patient care towards private patient care.
Floristic Investigation ofQuercus Cerris and Quercus FrainettoCommunities in Bulgaria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present research is a part of the investigations over the structure of mixed forest communities of Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto in Bulgaria. The investigated communities are typical for Habitat 91I0—Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp., and Habitat 91MO—Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak-sessile oak forests. The floristic composition of about 100 described plant communities is defined. According to the geobotanical zoning they refer mainly to the European broad-leaved forest district and the Lower Danube province of Eurasian steppic and woodsteppic district. About 598 species of vascular plants and about 24 species of bryophytes have been established during the investigation. The life forms (according to Raunkier) and the floral elements (according to Assyov et al.) for the vascular plants have been determined. Over 60% of the species refer to the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Scrophullariaceae and Liliaceae. In the species composition the participation of the Eur-Asian, Eur-Mediterranean, subMediterranean, Eur-Siberian and the European floral elements is bigger. The life form Hemicryptophyte clearly predominates. A comparative floristic analysis with published data for the investigated communities has been made.
Multiple Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Active Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patient: Long Term Therapeutic Outcomes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease. One of the challenges in the treatment of MS is how to overcome relapses without severe adverse effects. Due to their immunoregulatory properties and safety, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), present a potential alternative for treatment for MS. Objectives: The efficacy and safety of a long-term MSCs therapy in MS remain to be established. In this communication, we report the clinical condition and disease progression of an MS patient treated for 11 years, with multiple infusions of MSCs derived from either his bone marrow (BM), pooled human umbilical cords (UC), or from his own child umbilical cord. Methods: A male patient diagnosed as progressive MS (EDSS score 3) was enrolled into our study and received 1×10 6 cells/kg of MSCs, at least once a year for 9 years. Results: The MSCs treatment was well tolerated with no significant side effects. Following the transplantation of MSCs, the overall EDSS scores of the patient decreased over the 10 years period of observation. MRI investigation did not reveal any new lesions. However, upon the cessation of the MSCs treatment, the EDSS score increased from 1.0 to 3.5, further supporting the notion that in such a patient, the transplantation of MSCs, had a significant beneficial effect. Conclusions: This case study is the first to report on the beneficial effects of multiple infusions of BM- and UC-MSCs in a progressive MS patient, over a period of 11 years, in absence of any other treatments. Hence, multiple infusions of MSCs may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with aggressive MS.
AMBBET, the newest online casino slot game in 2021

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ambbet 89 AMB BET free trial can come and explore our world, whether it is online slots games, baccarat games, online casinos, fish shooting games and new games that are updated for you to try at any time. don't make you monotonous Or definitely bored, it can be said that you can come and play all in one place on ambbet website, even if it is Amateur players who come to try amb, give away free credits and there is a way for ambbet to try it for free as well. In addition, each game has different characters from other camps, graphics from the web AMBBET89 .
Courtship and Mating Behavior in Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima incisa (Testudines: Emydidae: Batagurinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Courtship and mating behavior of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima incisa was studied both in the field and in captivity. Courtship and copulatory performances can be divided into three phases. In phase one the male is the active sex member, approaching, sniffing, trailing the female and vibrating his head and neck. In phase two the female becomes active and engages with the male in nose to nose contact and biting behavior. During the last phase the male becomes active again and mounts the female, grasps her tail, inserts his penis into her vent and performs a series of pumping motions during coition. The total behavioral repertoire of this species consists of at least 12 cues and responses associated with courtship and mating. Visual and chemical cues are probably important in conspecific and sex recognition. In a recent review of the variation and evolution of stereotyped behavior in reptiles, Carpenter and Ferguson (1977) pointed out that the behavioral patterns of most turtles are unknown. Courtship and mating behavior of only a few neotropical turtles have been reported (Rhinoclemmys funerea, Iverson, 1975; Rhinoclemmys annulata, Mittemeier, 1971; Pseudemys scripta, Moll and Legler, 1971). Herein I report on the breeding behavior of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima incisa in captivity and in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten captive specimens of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima incisa were observed from May 1978 to January 1980. The specimens were collected at Quebrada de Olomega, Cant6n Olomega, 24 km SE San Miguel, Departamento de La Uni6n, El Salvador. Carapace lengths ranged from 125 to 210 I Current address: Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64110. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.184 on Wed, 10 Aug 2016 06:29:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 85, NUMBER 2 83 mm (~ = 153 mm, 5 males; 179 mm, 5 females), and weights ranged from 350 to 1450 g (t = 540 g, 5 males; 1020 g, 5 females). Turtles kept in an outdoor garden (50 m2) interacted freely and were fed on alternate days chicken viscera, beef liver, minced pork sausages, lettuce leaves, papaya and oranges. Still photographs were made to record the various phases of behavior. During random periods of observations that ranged from two to 12 hours, 80 incomplete and 57 complete courtship and mating performances were observed. Field observations in 1978 of courtship and mating behavior were similar to those shown by captive animals.
Influences on Nonword Repetition in Young Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Nonword repetition (NWR) tasks have become popular in recent years as measures of phonological short term memory (PSTM) in research settings, and as potential markers of language impairment in clinical settings. This has increased interest in the subskills that potentially NWR performance. The current study investigated the influence of PSTM, vocabulary skills, articulatory output skills, literacy, and speech perception on NWR in children ages 4;0-6;5. Partial correlations and regression analysis were used to establish an in-depth picture of the skills that constrain NWR, and to differentiate the skills that underlie this measure when the language skills of test takers and the wordlikeness of NWR items were taken into account. Results indicated that both PSTM and vocabulary were independently related to NWR performance when the entire sample was considered. When the sample was divided by language scores, higher-scoring participants’ NWR performance was influenced by PSTM, while vocabulary scores were related to NWR performance in lower-language scoring children. Wordlikeness of nonword items also affected the skills related to NWR performance, in that scores on highly wordlike stimuli were principally related to vocabulary skills, while scores on less wordlike stimuli were significantly related to PSTM only. These results indicate that despite its popularity as a measure of PSTM, NWR cannot be considered a monolithic measure of this skill in all cases. In general, NWR performance in the current study were influenced by both PSTM and vocabulary skills, and that influence varied with the language skill of participants and the wordlikness of NWR items.
Generation and reactions of butadienylthionium ions from 2-vinylcyclopropyl sulfoxides under Pummerer conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

T. Kataoka, H. Matsumoto, T. Iwama, T. Ito and H. Shimizu, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1995, 737 DOI: 10.1039/P19950000737
Jamaica - Consumer protection and financial literacy : technical note

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This technical note is based on a mission conducted from April 24 to May 9, 2014 to Kingston and other parts of Jamaica. The mission also conducted a short mystery shopping exercise with the assistance of a representative from the national consumer’s league. Valuable comments on the draft note were provided by the Bank of Jamaica and the Financial Services Commission. The technical note consists of findings, issues and recommendations, and four annexes: annex one, existing structure for prudential and consumer protection supervision; annex two, current and revised legislation affecting financial consumer protection; annex three, comparison to world bank good practices on financial consumer protection; and annex four, national program of consumer protection and financial literacy, implementation plan components. The key recommendations present targeted measures that can be immediately implemented and will have a positive (and measurable) impact on public confidence in formal financial institutions. The focus of the technical note is on deposit-taking institutions although some aspects of others parts of the financial sector have been included.
Effect of total flavone of Eucommia bark on proliferation of rat's osteoblast cultured in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective Effective component to osteoporosis was screened by observing effect of total flavone of Eucommia bark on proliferation of the osteoblast obtained from novel borned Wistar rat's cranium. Methods The total flavone were extracted from Eucommia bark by ethanol of differential concentrations (from 60%~90%), and the osteoblast was cultured in total flavone of differential concentrations which were diluted at 25 μg/ml, 50μg/ml and 100 μg/ml in vitro. The effects on proliferation of the osteoblast were evaluated by MTT. Results By control, the cells cultured with the total flavone at 50 and 100 μg/ml had higher optical absorptione at 570 nm and it meant the total flavone had notable effect on the proliferation of the osteoblast at these two concentrations . Conclusions The total flavone of Eucommia bark can improve proliferation of osteoblast in vitro(P0.05).
Dissolution Enhancement of Lipid Lowering Drug

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The rate and extent of dissolution of the active ingredient from any solid dosage form determines the rate and extent of absorption of the drug. Potential bioavailability problems are prevalent with extremely hydrophobic drugs due to erratic or incomplete absorption from gastro intestinal tract. Clinically, HMG Coenzyme reductase inhibitors are the most frequently prescribed drugs for cholesterol reduction. Simvastatin, potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase which catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A to mevalonate, which is an early and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Simvastatin is a poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract because of it solubility. According to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System it is under class II (Low Solubility and High Permeability) thus, dissolution is a rate-limiting step for its absorption. In the light of above fact, the present study has been undertaken with objectives of improve the dissolution of simvastatin by preparing inclusion complex with cyclodextrin derivatives and solid dispersion with hydrophilic polymers.
Effect of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Leaves against Cholesterol Levels in Wistar Rats with Atherogenic Diet

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction : The risk of atherosclerosis increases when elevated blood cholesterol levels. Flavonoids may help inhibit the absorption of fat, which indirectly helps in lower cholesterol levels.Flavonoids are widely available on the Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL).This study aims to examine the effect of flavonoids in APL stewto lower the cholesterol levels. Material and Methods: This research was carried out using five different groups of Wistarrats. Each group consists of five Wistar rats. Group (K-) received normal diet, group (K+) received atherogenic diet and three groups of atherogenic diets rats that pre-treated with three different doses (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4g/day) of APL leaf stew. APL stew is orally gavaged for 60 days. The cholesterol blood serum was analyzed using the CHOD-PAP method. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey. Results : The results showed a significant difference in cholesterol levels between the groups of theatherogenic diet with other treatment groups (p = 0.000).When compared with thenormal diet group, treatment with 1.2 g and 2.4 g of APL produce cholesterol levels not significantly different.APLstew has been shown to inhibit the elevated levels of serum cholesterol in male Wistar rats that fed with the atherogenic diet which contributed 54.8%.While fat intake increased the cholesterol level by 16.3%.Both APL stew and fat dose intake together affect the formation of cholesterol with a contribution of 69.2%. Conclusion : The dose that is considered as the most effective in lowering cholesterol is 2.4 g becauseit producescholesterol level closest to normal.
Malaria Prevalence, Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution in a Hilly Forest Area of Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Malaria is a major public health concern in Bangladesh and it is highly endemic in the Chittagong Hill Tracts where prevalence was 11.7% in 2007. One sub-district, Rajasthali, had a prevalence of 36%. Several interventions were introduced in early 2007 to control malaria. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impacts of these intensive early stage interventions on malaria in Bangladesh. This prevalence study assesses whether or not high malaria prevalence remains, and if so, which areas and individuals remain at high risk of infection. Methods and Principal Findings A 2-stage cluster sampling technique was used to sample 1,400 of 5,322 (26.3%) households in Rajasthali, and screened using a rapid diagnostic test (Falci-vax). Overall malaria prevalence was 11.5%. The proportions of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and infection with both species were 93.2%, 1.9% and 5.0%, respectively. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression, and spatial cluster analyses were performed separately. Sex, age, number of bed nets, forest cover, altitude and household density were potential risk factors. A statistically significant malaria cluster was identified. Significant differences among risk factors were observed between cluster and non-cluster areas. Conclusion and Significance Malaria has significantly decreased within 2 years after onset of intervention program. Both aspects of the physical and social environment, as well as demographic characteristics are associated with spatial heterogeneity of risk. The ability to identify and locate these areas provides a strategy for targeting interventions during initial stages of intervention programs. However, in high risk clusters of transmission, even extensive coverage by current programs leaves transmission ongoing at reduced levels. This indicates the need for continued development of new strategies for identification and treatment as well as improved understanding of the patterns and determinants of parasitaemia.
Lectin-induced thermostable SE-rosette (TSER) formation by human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Lectin-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were able to form thermostable rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Capability to form thermostable rosettes (TSER) after lectin treatment was comparable in time kinetics and dose dependence to cell size distribution changes. Enhancement of TSER formation by human lymphocytes exposed to PHA and Con A, however, occurred before 3H-Thymidine incorporation could been registered. Lectin treatment of lymphocytes from 20 healthy donors for 48 hrs induced 49 +/- 4% (PHA), 33 +/- 5% (Con A), and 20 +/- 2% (PWM) thermostable rosette forming cells, whereas in unstimulated cultures were found 4 +/- 1%. Furthermore, thermostable rosette forming cells were enriched by gradient centrifugation and characterized as activated lymphocytes of T-origin by SE rosetting and binding studies with various monoclonal antibodies. It was shown that preparation of TSER forming cells after lectin activation makes it possible to enrich the fraction of lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes.