jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One-electron-reduced cytosine in acidic glasses: conformational states before and after proton transfer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-electron-reduced cytosine in acidic glasses: conformational states before and after proton transferJeff P. Barnes and William A. BernhardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 3, 887–893Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100054a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100054a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Medication Compliance of Hemodialysis Patients and Factors Contributing to Non‐Compliance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Past studies have shown that non‐compliance is a common and increasing problem by those with chronic illnesses, including hemodialysis patients. These studies tended to examine non‐compliance as a whole, including diet, fluid restriction, skipping treatments, and medications. Because of the multiple medications that hemodialysis patients need on a daily basis, a study of non‐compliance directly related to medication‐taking behavior was thought to be important for this population. The purpose of the present study was to determine what factors contributed to the medication non‐compliance of hemodialysis patients and to examine the variables of age, race, sex, and educational level as they relate to non‐compliance. METHODS Patients at the Cincinnati DaVita Dialysis Clinic were given questionnaires that asked questions on medication‐taking behaviors, patient knowledge, patient attitudes toward medications, and patient compliance. Seventy‐seven of 105 patients completed the questionnaire, for a 74% response rate. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SAS software. RESULTS The results showed that forgetfulness was the main contributing factor reported for medication non‐compliance, followed by inconvenience and scheduling problems. Only 11% of this group reported lack of money as a major factor in non‐compliance. More highly educated patients had more knowledge about medication compliance than did less highly educated patients. White patients had better attitudes about medication compliance than did African American patients, but no differences were seen between white and African American patients in actual compliance. CONCLUSIONS A little more than one third of the patients in this study reported that they were not completely compliant with their medications. Because forgetfulness, inconvenience and scheduling problems were the main reasons reported for non‐compliance, more emphasis needs to be placed on ways to remind patients to take their medications. More time and effort should be spent helping patients with lower education levels to understand the importance of medication compliance and to help these patients with strategies to be compliant. Differences in medication compliance attitudes need to be examined further in reference to race.
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis due to Curvularia lunata.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of Curvularia lunata infection in an immunocompetent male with an initial diagnosis of suspected left side allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), treated surgically. He had a relapse of nasal polyposis and underwent a surgical revision under local anaesthesia with endoscopic nasal polypectomy. The histological examination of the surgical specimen showed an inflammatory polyp of the paranasal sinuses, with eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, but without evidence of fungi. However, Curvularia spp fungus grew in cultures of nasal sinus drainage and bioptical specimens. The fungus was identified by DNA sequencing as C. lunata. The patient was then treated with itraconazole (200 mg BID for 4 weeks), mometasone furoate nasal spray (100 mcg BID for 6 months) and normal saline nasal irrigations. At the last follow-up endoscopic evaluation after 19 month from treatment, the patient was symptomless and free from disease. No polyp recurrence nor seromucous discharges were noticed. This first case of C. lunata-associated AFRS reported in Italy, highlights the difficulty of this diagnosis and the usefulness of molecular identification of the fungal species involved.
From Science to Management: Using Bayesian Networks to Learn about Lyngbya

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Toxic blooms of Lyngbya majuscula occur in coastal areas worldwide and have major ecological, health and economic consequences. The exact causes and combinations of factors which lead to these blooms are not clearly understood. Lyngbya experts and stakeholders are a particularly diverse group, including ecologists, scientists, state and local government representatives, community organisations, catchment industry groups and local fishermen. An integrated Bayesian network approach was developed to better understand and model this complex environmental problem, identify knowledge gaps, prioritise future research and evaluate management options.
A two‐step one‐pot radiosynthesis of the potent dopamine D2/D3 agonist PET radioligand [11C]MNPA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ( R )‐(−)‐2‐[ 11 C]Methoxy‐ N ‐ n ‐propylnorapomorphine ([ 11 C]MNPA ([ 11 C]2)) is an agonist radioligand of interest for imaging D 2 /D 3 receptors in vivo . Here we sought to develop an improved radiosynthesis of this radioligand. Reference 2 was synthesized in nine steps with an overall yield of about 5%, starting from codeine. Trimethylsilyldiazomethane proved to be a practical improvement in comparison to diazomethane in the penultimate methylation step. A protected precursor for radiolabeling (( R )‐(−)‐2‐hydroxy‐10,11‐acetonide‐ N ‐ n ‐propylnoraporphine, 4) was prepared from ( R )‐(−)‐2‐hydroxy‐ N ‐ n ‐propylnorapomorphine (1) in 30% yield. [ 11 C]2 was prepared from 4 via a two‐step one‐pot radiosynthesis. The first step, methylation of 4 with [ 11 C]methyl triflate, occurred in quantitative radiochemical yield. The second step, deprotection of the catechol moiety with HCl and heat, yielded 60–90% of [ 11 C]2 giving an overall incorporation yield from [ 11 C]methyl triflate of 60–90%. In a typical run more than 1 GBq of [ 11 C]2, was produced from carbon‐11 generated from a 10‐min proton irradiation (16 MeV; 35 µA) of nitrogen–hydrogen target gas. The radiochemical purity of [ 11 C]2 was > 99% and specific radioactivity at the time of injection was 901±342 GBq/µmol ( n =10). The total synthesis time was 35–38 min from the end of radionuclide production. The identity of [ 11 C]2 was confirmed by comparing its LC‐MS/MS spectrum with those of reference 2 and ( R )‐(−)‐10‐methoxy‐2,11‐dihydroxy‐ N ‐ n ‐propylnoraporphine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Synthesis-Oriented VHDL Course

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a VHDL language course that establishes a strong correlation between the language statements and their use in circuit synthesis. Two course modules are described: a basic module that contains the essential concepts of the language, sufficient for students to describe medium complexity circuits, followed by a second module with more complex language concepts. The benefits of correlated laboratory tasks which use simulation and synthesis tools are discussed. Evaluation content, student test scores, and student feedback are presented. Suggestions for improving and modifying the course are given.
Muscarinic receptor modulation of release of [Met5]enkephalin immunoreactive material and catecholamines from the bovine adrenal gland

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Muscarinic receptor modulation of secretion from the adrenal medulla was studied using retrogradely perfused bovine tissue. Atropine, at a dose not affecting 1,1 dimethyl‐4‐phenylpiperizinium (DMPP)‐stimulated release, inhibitied the acetylcholine (ACh)‐stimulated release of noradrenaline and [Met 5 ]enkephalin‐immunoreactive material (ME‐IRM). DMPP‐stimulated release of catecholamines and ME‐IRM was potentiated by the addition of methacholine. Pilocarpine significantly potentiated the release of noradrenaline only. Methacholine, pilocarpine or muscarine, when infused alone, had no stimulatory affect on the basal release of ME‐IRM. These findings suggest that the muscarinic receptors in the bovine adrenal medulla function by potentiating the release of ME‐IRM and catecholamines induced by nicotinic receptor stimulation.
Power Line communication over feeder cables in an Industrial environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In an Industrial application, the motor is powered and controlled by an inverter. Control and diagnostic information are transmitted back from the motor to the inverter through an extra cable dedicated for data transmission. This signal information can be sent through the feeder cable that powers the motor using the power line communication technology dasiaPLCpsila. The existing PLC modems developed for domestic applications may not be suitable for data transmission over feeder cables. We will propose a PLC modem with convenient characteristics that fit for the industry. It will help us to send control information such as rotor position and temperature back to the inverter through the feeder cable already polluted by the PWM signal. Therefore, some of the modem aspects will be revealed in this paper. Studies carried out on modulation's techniques and throughput in question will help us to define the frequencies to use. We will highlight the difficulties and limitations that obstruct transmission between the motor and the inverter. We will underline the real cause of non-functioning and the possible way to overcome it. Finally, we will define the coupling interface and the modem characteristics and the frequency's band that might be convenient. Simulations and experimental results will confirm the proposed analyses and will put in evidence the achievable performance of the proposed PLC modem.
The Right to Remain Silent in Criminal Trial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A person's right not to incriminate oneself or to remain silent and not contribute to their own incrimination is a basic requirement of due process, although the right not to testify against oneself is not expressly guaranteed. This legal right is intended to protect the accused/ the defendant against the authorities’ abusive coercion. The scope of the right not to incriminate oneself is related to criminal matter under the Convention, and thus susceptible or applicable to criminal proceedings concerning all types of crimes as a guarantee to a fair trial. The European Court of Justice ruled that despite the fact that art. 6 paragraph 2 of the Convention does not expressly mention the right not to incriminate oneself and the right not to contribute to their own incrimination (nemo tenetur are ipsum accusare) these are generally recognized international rules that are in consistence with the notion of “fair trial” stipulated in art. 6. By virtue of the right to silence, the person charged with a crime is free to answer the questions or not, as he/she believes it is in his/her interest. Therefore, the right to silence involves not only the right not to testify against oneself, but also the right of the accused/ defendant not to incriminate oneself. Thus, the accused/defendant cannot be compelled to assist in the production of evidence and cannot be sanctioned for failing to provide certain documents or other evidence. Obligation to testify against personal will, under the constraint of a fine or any other form of coercion constitutes an interference with the negative aspect of the right to freedom of expression which must be necessary in a democratic society. It is essential to clarify certain issues as far as this right is concerned. First of all, the statutory provision in question is specific to adversarial systems, which are found mainly in Anglo-Saxon countries and are totally different from that underlying the current Romanian Criminal Procedure Code, which observes the tradition of continental trial systems. This type of system was traditionally adopted in our country and it underlies the entire judicial doctrine and practice endorsed by our scholars and practitioners from the foundation of the modern state to date.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT BERBASIS MASJID Studi Kasus di Masjid Baiturrahman Klidon Sinduharjo Ngaglik Sleman

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Indonesia todays, the number of mosques, according to the Indonesian Council of Mosques, is no less than 700 thousand mosques. This number represents the greatest number of mosques in the world. From the large number of those, only a small portion has still been developed for handling poverty problems. Based on ths issue, it is necessary examine the Baiturrahman Mosque in Klidon Sinduharjo Ngaglik Sleman. This study will investigate and describe the success of economic empowerment achieved by the mosque, especially in tackling the poverty problems among the surrounding congregation of societies. The study shows that the managements of Baiturrahman mosque operate some stages in empowering the local economy. First, they build management phases, such as building the perception of stakeholders regarding the mosque function, managing the mosque in accordance with modern management, and building success dreams. Second, they apply the management principles, such as serving the congregations, making innovation and creativity for them, giving and enhancing the congregations rule in the mosque. Third, they choose the right strategy, such as starting to do the simplest and easiest thing, as well as considering the ongrgations’ interests. ****Di Indonesia, jumlah masjid menurut Dewan Masjid Indonesia tidak kurang dari 700 ribu masjid. Jumlah ini merupakan jumlah terbesar dari masjid di dunia. Dari jumlah tersebut, hanya sebagian kecil masih dikembangkan untuk menangani masalah kemiskinan. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, perlu melihat Masjid Baiturrahman di Klidon Sinduharjo Ngaglik Sleman. Peneliti-an ini akan menyelidiki dan menggambarkan keberhasilan pemberdayaan ekonomi yang dicapai oleh masjid, terutama dalam menanggulangi masalah kemiskinan di antara jama’ah sekitar masyarakat. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen masjid Baiturrahman mengoperasikan beberapa tahapan dalam memberdayakan ekonomi lokal. Pertama, membangun manajemen, seperti membangun persepsi stakeholders mengenai fungsi masjid, mengelola masjid sesuai dengan manajemen modern, dan mimpi membangun kesuksesan. Kedua, menerapkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen, seperti melayani jama’ah, membuat inovasi dan kreativitas bagi mereka, memberikan dan meningkatkan jama’ah di masjid. Ketiga, memilih strategi yang tepat, seperti mulai melakukan hal yang sederhana dan mudah, serta mempertimbangkan kepentingan organisasi.
Nurses' ways of talking about their experiences of (in)justice in healthcare organizations: Locating the use of language as a means of analysis

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nurses have their own ways of talking about their experiences of injustice in healthcare organizations. The aim of this article is to describe how nurses talk about their work‐life experiences and discuss the discursive effects that arise from nurses' use of language regarding their political agency. To this end, we present the findings garnered from a study focused on exploring how nurses deploy their political agency to project their idea of social and political justice in public healthcare organizations and how they face the challenges and uncertainties of (re)thinking their institutional order when it does not resonate with their professional ethos. We then discuss the implications that nurses' use of language has in relation to their ability to deploy their political agency to oppose the forms of injustice they face in their daily practice. We conclude by stating that careful attention should be placed on understanding the discursive implications of nurses' use of language on their individual and collective emancipation in healthcare organizations.
Sinir Bilim ve Yapay Zekâ

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The development of artificial intelligence began with the transfer of the functioning of the nervous system to a mathematical system. Every day, studies in the field of neuroscience, which is the science that examines memory, cognitive functions and learning functions in the human brain, reveal new discoveries. The most important supporter of these studies is again technology. The nervous system has been better understood with technology-supported neuroscience studies since the beginning of the twenty-first century all over the world. In this way, developments in arti-ficial intelligence have also accelerated.
A Criterion for assessing Creative Thinking Skills in graduate projects among art education students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to prepare a criterion to assess the creative thinking skills of the students of Art Education Department- Stage four in the subject of Project- field of drawing at the College of Basic Education in Sulaimani University, aiming at being beneficial to the lecturers and evaluation committees of students’ products in the field of drawing. Based on the type and nature of the research, a descriptive method is applied. Since no general or specific criterion does exist in the evaluation of the projects, thus the researcher resorted to the general and specific objectives of Project subject. From this perspective, a criterion in a form of creative skills and general principles of drafting and criticism is established. Moreover, identification of creative skills from previous studies and resources in the field of art education, psychology of creativity, and art is set, including preparing (29) educational objectives which were primarily handed out through surveys to the experts in the field of education, Art, and measurement and evaluation, following receiving the opinions and suggestions addressed by the experts, changes were made in (9) of the objectives, (20) objectives were pointed to the criterion. In order to stabilize the criterion, it was applied to the initial samples of the same project in Art Education Department.The correlation value between the levels was also found by the Person correlation coefficient with a value between (0.20-0.50)
s-Allyl Cysteine, s-Ethyl Cysteine, and s-Propyl Cysteine Alleviate β-Amyloid, Glycative, and Oxidative Injury in Brain of Mice Treated by d-Galactose

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The neuroprotective effects of s-allyl cysteine, s-ethyl cysteine, and s-propyl cysteine in D-galactose (DG)-treated mice were examined. DG treatment increased the formation of Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42), enhanced mRNA expression of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), and reduced neprilysin expression in brain (P < 0.05); however, the intake of three test compounds significantly decreased the production of Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) and suppressed the expression of APP and BACE1 (P < 0.05). DG treatments declined brain protein kinase C (PKC) activity and mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Intake of test compounds significantly retained PKC activity, and the expression of PKC-α and PKC-γ (P < 0.05). DG treatments elevated brain activity and mRNA expression of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase as well as increased brain levels of carboxymethyllysine (CML), pentosidine, sorbitol, and fructose (P < 0.05). Test compounds significantly lowered AR activity, AR expression, and CML and pentosidine levels (P < 0.05). DG treatments also significantly increased the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl and decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (P < 0.05); however, the intake of test compounds in DG-treated mice significantly decreased ROS and protein carbonyl levels and restored brain GPX, SOD, and catalase activities (P < 0.05). These findings support that these compounds via their anti-Aβ, antiglycative, and antioxidative effects were potent agents against the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
The Lower Incisor Bonded Retainer in Clinical Practice: A Three Year Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A technique of locating a lower incisor bonded retainer is demonstrated. The technique was used in 46 selected cases over a period of 3 years, the retainer coming adrift in nine cases. The main problem found was plaque control and the retainer did not prevent axial inclination changes of the lower incisors. The use of rectangular ribbon arch wire is recommended for the control of corrected rotations.