jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ELECTROCHEMICAL AND CHEMOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF DORZOLAMIDE AND TIMOLOL IN EYE DROPS USING MODIFIED MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRODE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective: This work is focused on the construction of simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for quantitative determination of dorzolamide (DOR) and timolol maleate (TIM). This method is based on the incorporation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into the carbon paste electrode which improve the characteristics of the electrode.Methods: The electrochemical response of modified electrode was based on voltammetric oxidation, using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The structural morphology of the surface modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative analysis for each of the two compounds in a mixture has been examined by using of chemometric tools for resolving overlapping signals. The prediction performance of the chemometric method was analyzed by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS).Results: Fractional factorial design was constructed from set of synthetic mixtures of two drugs in concentration ranges of 0.05 to 1.6µg/ml for DOR and 1.5-20 µg/ml for TIM. Under optimum experimental conditions, DOR and TIM gave rectilinear response over the concentration range of 0.072-1.88 µg/ml and 1.16-20.84 µg/ml, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.098 and 1.025 µg/ml, for DOR and TIM, respectively. It found that the % of relative prediction error (RPE) was acceptable and satisfactory.Conclusion: In these work, for the first time, a new voltammetric simultaneous method developed for a rapid and efficient determination of DOR and TIM from eye dropper sample at nano modified electrode with satisfactory results. These results indicate that MWCNT holds great promise in practical application.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study on Bicyclo-3,4-Dihydropyrimidinone Derivative: Synthesis and DFT Calculation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report here an efficient and green method for fused Biginelli condensation reaction of aldehydes, cyclopentanone, and urea catalyzed by nano ZrO2-SO3H under solvent-free conditions. The prospect of the reusability of this catalyst has also been demonstrated without compromising on the yield of the product. On the whole, the protocol presented here is an excellent alternative to many of the previously reported procedures. So, Optimized molecular structures have been investigated by DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. Stability of some 4-aryl-7-benzylidene-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-4-phenyl-2H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-one (2 a-j) derivatives and intramolecular interactions bond has been analyzed by using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.
Research on the Integrated Repositioning Method for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to investigate an integrated repositioning technique for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).Methods: We utilized three-dimensional CT scans of the inner ear to extract the structure of the semicircular canals. Using 3D printing technology, molds were created to simulate the repositioning of otoliths within these canals. These molds were then integrated into a wearable headgear device that allows for real-time simulation and demonstration of the movement trajectories of otoliths during repositioning.Results: Demonstrations with the molds confirmed that repositioning of otoliths could be effectively achieved simultaneously in both canals.Conclusion: The repositioning method effectively addresses the simultaneous repositioning of dislodged otoliths in the posterior and horizontal canals on a single side. This method facilitates otolith repositioning in all four semicircular canals, whether performed on the left or right side.
Understanding consumers’ perceptions of product quality for lighter dairy products through the integration of marketing and sensory information

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Marketing research can subjectively measure consumers’ perceptions of a product's extrinsic attributes such as its price, packaging and the product's image. Sensory analysis can objectively measure a product's intrinsic attributes such as its flavour, texture and aroma. This research identified the extrinsic and intrinsic attributes that determined consumer preferences for a range of dairy products. Six focus groups revealed that consumers had negative perceptions towards the attributes of lighter dairy products. Descriptive Sensory Analysis was used to profile the sensory characteristics of full-fat and lighter dairy products. Preference Mapping and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used to identify clusters of consumers with similar preferences for dairy products. End-users had higher preferences for lighter milks and strawberry yoghurts, than lighter Cheddar-type cheeses. This research illustrated how an integrated market and sensory analysis methodology determined consumer preferences for lighter foods, and helped identify those quality attributes that determined consumer acceptance of selected products.
Earliest cavity-dwelling organisms (coelobionts), Lower Cambrian Poleta Formation, Nevada

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The record of cavity-dwelling organisms (coelobionts) is long ranging, and is known to extend as far back as the upper Lower Cambrian. Older coelobionts, from the middle Lower Cambrian Poleta Formation of western Nevada, have been found, however, in framework cavities in archaeocyathid patch reefs, thus extending the record of the coelobiontic community even further.The Poleta Formation coelobiontic community is less diverse than that found in the upper Lower Cambrian community (from cavities in archaeocyathid patch reefs of the Forteau Formation of Labrador); it is dominated by algae, in particular Epiphyton. Renalcis and encrusting mammillary algae play a secondary role. Juvenile archaeocyathids, soft sponges, Archaeotrypa, and microtubules make up the remainder of the skeletal cavity biota. Sediments that floor the cavities contain a low-diversity but abundant infauna represented by meandering burrows; horizontal feeding or locomotion traces were produced on the surface of the cavity sediments.
Privatization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Although a predominantly economic process whereby public goods are turned into private assets, neoliberal privatization strategies have played an essential role in shaping those narrative components making up a divisive culture of ownership, with which contemporary social life is explained, defined and assessed. The task of this chapter consists in revealing the structures of economic and political power connected to, along with the cultural resources mobilized in, the process itself that have been responsible for cultivating the culture of ownership in question.
Invadable self-assembly: combining robustness with efficiency

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DNA self-assembly is emerging as a key paradigm for nano-technology, nano-computation, and several related disciplines. In nature, DNA self-assembly is often equipped with explicit mechanisms for both error prevention and error correction. For artificial self-assembly, these problems are even more important since we are interested in assembling large systems with great precision. So far, theoretical studies of DNA self-assembly have primarily focused on the efficiency of the assembly process in terms of the program size and the running time. In this paper, we perform a preliminary study of algorithms for DNA self-assembly that are both robust and efficient.Strand invasion is an important error-correction mechanism observed in several natural self-assembling systems. We first define invadable self-assemblies as self-assembling systems which can effectively use the strand invasion mechanism for error-correction. We then show that O(log2n/ log log n) tiles are sufficient to assemble an n × n square in this model. The running time of our system is O (n). We obtain our result by growing a counter which simulates Chinese remaindering. The running time and the program size of our invadable system are within polylogarithmic factors of known lower bounds for general systems, i.e. the efficiency penalty for obtaining robustness is small in our model. We also show how to simulate an arbitrary Turing machine using an invadable self-assembly system.
Teachers’, parents’ and students’ perspectives’ on teaching and learning Greek in a community school in Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many scholars have been interested in studying patterns of language shift or maintenance of migrants during their diaspora. One way of sustaining the development of the home language is through attending a complementary school. This paper explores the differing perspectives on teaching and learning Greek in a complementary school in Luxembourg. The participants include the two teachers of this school, the mothers of three newly migrated families and their children. Like most children of newly migrated Greek families, the children in this study attend a state schools where they learn Luxembourgish, German and French (Gogonas & Kirsch 2016). They attend the Greek school one afternoon a week for three hours. The data stem from a survey with 37 parents and interviews with the teachers, parents and children. The findings of the survey indicate that the parents expect the school to develop high competences in Greek and knowledge of Greek culture and history. The newly arrived families have higher expectations than the established ones (Frygana 2016). The thematic analysis of the interviews indicates that the teachers adhered to a monolingual policy and reinforced a sense of “Greekness” by focusing on the Greek language and teaching some elements of culture (Tsagkogeorga 2016). They were aware that the multilingual children had different school experiences depending on their language competence and friendships. The children’s experiences varied in the light of their age and the teaching approaches. While the younger children saw little purpose in attending the school, the older child could make connections between the Greek school, the state school and her life and was motivated to learn Greek. The findings of this paper encourage teachers to reflect on their language policies and teaching approaches, and encourage them to capitalize on their students’ heterogeneity.
Spatial distribution and frequency of precipitation during an extreme event: July 2006 mesoscale convective complexes and floods in southeastern Arizona

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An extreme, multiday rainfall event over southeastern Arizona during 27–31 July 2006 caused record flooding and a historically unprecedented number of slope failures and debris flows in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. An unusual synoptic weather pattern induced repeated nocturnal mesoscale convective systems over southeastern Arizona for five continuous days, generating multiday rainfall totals up to 360 mm. Analysis of point rainfall and weather radar data yielded storm totals for the southern Santa Catalina Mountains at 754 grid cells approximately 1 km × 1 km in size. Precipitation intensity for the 31 July storms was not unusual for typical monsoonal precipitation in this region (recurrence interval (RI) < 1 year), but multiday rainfall where slope failures occurred had RI > 50 years and individual grid cells had RI exceeding 1000 years. The 31 July storms caused the watersheds to be essentially saturated following 4 days of rainfall.
Effects of Open Versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis occupies a large portion of health expenditure, with a decline in quality of life as a fundamental cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain. 1 Patients with OA most frequently complain of pain, stiffness in joints, instability and decrease in daily living function.This creates problems in activities such as sitting-up, stair-climbing, squatting and
Rapunzel syndrome associated with giant trichobezoar in a patient with a history of trichotillomania: case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present the clinical case of an 18-year-old female patient with a personal history of onychophagia, trichophagia, trichotillomania and anxiety disorder with poor adherence to treatment. She presented at the Emergency Department with clinical data compatible with intestinal obstruction at the gastric level with presence of an abdominal mass in the upper quadrant accompanied with a three-day history of abdominal pain, vomit and absence of bowel movements. A simple abdominal tomography was performed, showing gastric outlet obstruction with material suggestive of bezoar and small bowel dilatation. An urgent laparotomy was performed finding a giant trichobezoar with measurements of 30x12x6 centimeters. Patients affected by trichobezoars usually remain asymptomatic for many years and the onset of symptoms is insidious. The most associated symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, anorexia and weight loss, as well as clinical data compatible with gastric obstruction. Trichobezoar is an extremely rare entity, with an incidence of less than 0.3% of the general population, occurring almost exclusively in female patients with a history of trichotillomania.
A case of pseudogout successfully treated with prednisolone and clarithromycin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor pseudogout (PG) is an acute arthritis induced by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition, and it frequently develops in theelderly population. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or corticosteroids, such as prednisolone (PSL), administered either by local intra-articular injection or systemic therapy remain the mainstay of PG treatment.1Macrolide antibiotics (MACs), such as clarithromycin (CAM) and azithromycin (AZM) provide not only antibacterial activity but also anti-inflammatory properties. Several recent studies reported the successful treatmentof rheumatoid arthritis2 and polymyalgia rheumatica3 using CAM as an anti-inflammatory agent. Herein, we describe a case of PG treated with PSLin combination with CAM, considering their anti-inflammatory properties.A 92-year-old female with Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension and osteoporosis presenting with fever, arthralgia and articular swellings in her bilateralshoulders, elbows, and wrists, was referred to our hospital. At the age of 91,she was diagnosed with PG by an orthopedic doctor. So far, she has experienced two PG attacks. The laboratory findings on this visit were as follows: white blood cell count, 8,990/μL (basophils, 0.3%; eosinophils, 1.0%;neutrophils, 78.4%; lymphocytes, 12.7%; and monocytes, 7.6%); C-reactive protein (CRP), 11.81 mg/dL; rheumatoid factor, 5 IU/L; anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, 0.5 U/mL; and antinuclear antibody titer, 1:40.A blood culture yielded negative results. No abnormal findings suggestiveof infection could be found in the systemic survey, including the chest roentgenogram and urinalysis. Bone roentgenogram revealed intra-articularcalcification compatible with PG. The aforementioned symptoms were similar to those of the previous PG attacks; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with PG attack. Initially, she was treated with acetaminophen (800mg/day), which was unsuccessful, although it was effective in the previousPG attacks. Therefore, she was treated with PSL (10 mg/day). Seven daysafter PSL treatment, fever and articular symptoms rapidly improved with adecreased CRP of 1.12 mg/dL. Therefore, the PSL dosage was decreasedto 7.5 mg/day. A week later, fever and articular symptoms relapsed with an
Parameter estimation for models of chemical reaction networks from experimental data of reaction rates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

For the purpose of precise mathematical modelling of chemical reaction networks, useful techniques for estimating their parameters from experimental data are necessary. In this manuscript, we propose a new parameter estimation method for enzymatic chemical reaction networks from time-series experimental data of reaction rates. The main idea is based on retrieving time-series data of the species' concentrations from the available experimental data of reaction rates by making use of parametric Bézier curves. The least-squares method is applied to these retrieved data in order to determine the best-fitting values of the parameters in the corresponding mathematical model. Subsequently, we demonstrate the applicability of our parameter estimation method on three examples of enzymatic chemical reaction networks, including a model of ryanodine receptor adaptation and a model of protein kinase cascades. We also address the issue of identifiability of chemical reaction network models from reaction rates.
Novel reconstruction techniques for detecting low mass dark matter in the SuperCDMS experiment and characterization of SuperCDMS SNOLAB detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The existence of dark matter has been inferred through many pieces of astrophysical evidence. However, much about its nature is unknown to this day. The several decades-long search for dark matter has given rise to many experiments and even more dark matter candidates. SuperCDMS is a direct detection experiment that uses cryogenic detectors to probe interactions of dark matter particles with Standard Model particles. Work done towards advancing two frontiers of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment will be the main points of discussion in this thesis – (a) the characterization of the new SuperCDMS SNOLAB detectors, and, (b) the development of novel event reconstruction techniques for the experiment. After introducing the motivation for dark matter and the current experimental techniques used to detect it, the thesis will introduce SuperCDMS detection principles and pre-requisite knowledge to motivate and understand most of the work described within. First, preliminary results will be presented from testing and characterizing SuperCDMS detector towers at the Cryogenic Underground TEst facility, a low background test facility at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. The remainder of this thesis will focus on novel reconstruction techniques critical to achieving the experiment’s projected sensitivity post commissioning. This discussion is divided into two. The first aspect will present a detailed discussion of advanced reconstruction algorithms to fit data sampled at non-uniform speeds to keep within the bandwidths of the readout electronics and maintain low trigger thresholds at SuperCDMS SNOLAB. The second major development discussed will be a novel reconstruction technique called the N×M filter, which fits N channels with M shapes/templates simultaneously and develops a pipeline that integrates machine learning to achieve excellent resolution improvement. The key outcomes of this thesis are (a) capability demonstration of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB detectors, (b) development of a less memory-intensive algorithm to process non-uniformly sampled data, and, (c) demonstration of a two-fold improvement and nearly a fourfold improvement in energy resolution in old and new data sets using the N×M filter, respectively.
Victimization Experiences Associated with Factors before and after Entering Prison in Inmates in Spanish Prisons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this chapter is to know the characteristics and traits of people who enter prison. Specific variables for each subject are used before entering prison and how they influence victimization before and after admission is analyzed. The sample is made up of 509 subjects, from five Penitentiary Centers and two Social Integration Centers (CIS), of the Autonomous Community of Galicia-Spain. The majority of them are men, and the age ranges between 21 and 63 years. This is a quantitative study, with the questionnaire as an instrument for collecting information, which was developed ad hoc and requested sociodemographic data and data on the types of victimization suffered before and after admission to prison. The results indicate that there is a lot of victimization both before and after and that women are the most exposed to sexual assaults outside of prison. Their status as victims increases once inside, as happens with men. To the types of victimization that they already suffer on the streets (ethnicity, low economic resources, age, or drug use), those coming from confinement are added. The lack of freedom and living with strangers, following rules that if not followed lead to sanctions, cause victimization to increase.
The international competitiveness research of china’s agricultural products

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

\nSince ancient times, China is a country with a large population and abundant agriculture. With the reform of China’s market economy and entered WTO, it has improved the international participation degree of agricultural products in China. Especially in recent years, in the highly open international markets and countries have pledged to weaken their agricultural support, China’s agricultural products in the international market ushered in a broader space for development, but due to various reasons, China’s agricultural products trade has formed a huge deficit in recent years. To reduce the trade deficit, continue to expand exports of agricultural products, create income for China’s foreign exchange and increase farmers’ income, we need to continue improving the international competitiveness of China’s agricultural products.\n
Pulsatile insulin release: role of cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Oscillations of plasma insulin are essential for the hypoglycaemic effect of the hormone. Disturbance and partial loss of these oscillations occur during the development of Type 2 diabetes, in association with down-regulation of insulin receptors and insulin resistance. Oscillations with a frequency similar to that of plasma insulin have been observed in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of pancreatic beta cells, indicating that the ion plays a role in generating insulin pulses. Studies of individual islets have revealed that oscillations of [Ca2+]i and insulin release are synchronous. However, insulin release is also pulsatile under conditions in which [Ca2+]i is stable. These results support the notion that variations in the ATP/ADP ratio are sufficient to induce pulsatile insulin release. Under physiological conditions, this pulsatility may depend on the synergistic effects of ATP/ADP and [Ca2+]i oscillations.