jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
5.56mm or 7.62mm? Small Arms Alternatives Explored.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small arms developments tend to occur in cycles and decisions are made that influence events for tens of years ahead. The 'boots on the ground,' from both the US and UK, have recently been voicing concern about aspects such as system mechanical reliability, terminal ballistic reliability and effective range. The U.S. Congress has also asked questions about the suitability of the current range of small arms. The current small arms mix employed by the NATO forces in Afghanistan has required some significant 'patches' to try and remedy evident problems. The opposing forces in Afghanistan have used the topography to their advantage while employing tactics to highlight the weakness of the original NATO small arms mix.
The Environmental and Socio-Economical Effects of a Biologic Problem: Mucilage

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study was conducted at two stations, Guzelyali and Abide, selected in the shoreline of Dardanelles Strait. Monthly observations were performed between October 2008 and August 2009 to investigate the effects and causes of mucilage, which is an important ecological problem. In order to determine the causes of mucilage, atmospheric data were collected. The results suggested that sudden temperature variations, wind speed and rainfall may have direct effects on the continuance of mucilage. Except summer, mucilage has been observed all through the year. Biologic and socio-economic effects of mucilage were also investigated in this study. Mucilage has a negative effect, especially on flora and fauna in the marine ecosystem. Additionally, there are many socio-economic problems on fisheries, tourism activities and human health. Therefore, although it is not possible to control the mucilage occurrence, the effects of this problem on marine environment, biodiversity and economy can be mitigated by using some protection aspects such as the control of anthropogenic effects causing eutrophication, fishing period and etc.
Optimization and testing for the SSR-PCR system of Sophora flavescens medicinal plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The SSR molecular markers were used for analysing genetic diversity of Sophora flavescens medicinal plant,which was helpful for comprehensive evaluating germplasm resources of Sophora flavescens.The orthogonal design L16(45)on Sophora flavescens SSR-PCR system of 5elements(Taq enzyme,Mg2+,template DNA,dNTP,primers)in the four levels was optimized,The result of PCR was analyzed by software DPS,filtering out the best level of response factors established for the SSR-PCR Pinus reaction.An optimal 10μL volumes SSR-PCR system consisted of template DNA was 20.0ng,Taq DNA polymerase was 0.2-0.6U,Mg2+was 2.5mmol/L,dNTPs was 0.1mmol/L and primer was 0.6μmol/L.PCR procedures was pre-denaturation for 3min at 94 ℃,followed by 35 cycles of denaturation for1 min at 94℃,anneal for 45 sat 56℃,extension for 1min at 72℃,and a final extension at 72 ℃for 10 min,then stored at 4℃.Total DNA of 12 Sophorafrom different origin were tested to amplify by SSR markers,which verified the robustness of the system.The results showed that the system had high amplification stability,it can be used to study the Sophora medicinal plant SSR markers.
Evaluation of antibacterial effects of contemporary orthodontic bonding materials

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of five orthodontic bonding materials commonly used in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial effects of five orthodontic bonding materials were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius by direct contact test (DCT). Using the DCT technique, quintet specimens of Transbond XT, Blugloo, Grengloo, Light Bond, and Opal Bond were applied to the bottom and the walls of the five wells of a 96-microtiter plate with a height of 2 mm. Samples were prepared in two sets: 1-day samples and 7-day samples. Ten microliters of bacterial suspension were added to each well for direct contact with each material for 1h at 37 °C. Bacterial growth was then measured in a microplate spectrophotometer hourly at 600 nm for 24 h. Five uncoated wells with identical inoculum sizes served as positive controls. The data obtained at the end of 24 h was statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and post hoc comparisons were done using Tamhane’s T2 test. Results: Blugloo generally showed better antibacterial activity than the other materials. Transbond XT did not show any antibacterial activity. There was a statistically significant difference between Transbond XT and Light Bond in the 1-day sample against S. mutans (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among the other groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Blugloo had the most potent antibacterial activity against S. salivarious.
[Thrombosis of the portal and superior mesenteric veins in a patient with a congenital and familial deficiency in antithrombin III (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thrombosis of the visceral veins is an extremely rare condition in cases of congenital and hereditary deficiency of antithrombin III, associated with recurring venous thorbosis of the limbs. The authors report such a case in a man of 40 years of age, who had this deficiency, associated with thrombosis of the portal and superior mesenteric veins and a portal cavernoma. They stress the frequent association of recurring peripheral vein thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis in adults, and thrombosis of the mesenteric vein, and the importance of systematic measurements of antithrombin III levels in these pathological conditions.
A game theory framework for active power injection management with voltage boundary in smart grids

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Smart grids are a novel paradigm for energy distribution, where instead of the traditional directed flow from a producer to the consumers, several micro-generators are spread throughout the network. We focus on the problem of coordinating the injection of active power into the grid by the micro-generators. Each of them aims at injecting the maximum amount of power, satisfying some operative constraints such as voltage boundaries; a tradeoff must be found among these conflicting objectives. First, we characterize the active power increment region, i.e., the set of all the increments of injected power that, depending on the grid state, satisfy the voltage boundary. Based on this finding, we frame the problem within game theory and propose a distributed approach that achieves a fair share of the active power injection, while at the same time satisfying the voltage boundary.
Micro-stamped ECM proteins enhance endothelial cell adhesion and directed growth

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Our goal was to evaluate microvascular endothelial cell growth on hydrophilic glass surfaces micro-stamped with extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). A combination of photo-and soft-lithography was used to fabricate microstamps. We hypothesized that by day 3, human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hDMECs) would have higher viability and density on the patterned matrices vs. on bare glass. Also, our preferential elongated morphology would be heightened on the stamped matrix. By day 3, we saw a four-fold increase in density on the stamped proteins. Viability was independent of the ECM type (fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV). Endothelial cell morphology was preferentially elongated on each ECM type, more so than on bare glass. This demonstrates the ability to concentrate the growth of endothelial cells within regions of microstamped ECM proteins.
Network Load-aware User Grouping for Internet Media Streaming Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While emerging Internet media streaming systems promise to offer viewers an abundant set of user interactivities and controls over the contents, providing streaming services through a large number of concurrent point-to-point connections stresses both server and network because of the large volumes of data and relatively high bandwidth requirement. While the server limitation can be circumvented by deploying server clusters, the network limitation is far less easy to deal with, due to the difficulty in measuring and balancing network load. Therefore, successful deployment of media streaming services requires a scheme that is conducible to mitigate this problem. In this paper, we employ two network load metrics, the worst link stress and the degree of interference, for the measurement of the network load balance. Then, we formulate the user grouping problem and present a greedy algorithm that reduces the network load metrics for each session and also well balances across the sessions. Through the simulation results, we conclude that our algorithm perform better than the existing scheme in the following aspects: (1) load-balancing in the network, (2) total bandwidth used by the connections.
Organizational principles of formation of accounting support management of AIC entities settlements in risk conditions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The uncertainty that is present in all economic processes of business entities of agroindustrial complex (AIC) causes the risk of economic activity and the negative effects provoked by their consequences. The article identifies elements of the system of settlements of AIC business entity, distinguishes the classification features of such settlements in order to properly organize the accounting of the settlement transactions of the entities of the studied industry. The organizational foundations of forming accounting support for accounting management of AIC business entities under risk conditions are investigated and the main directions of development of accounting policy of the investigated entities in the part of settlements as an object of integrated accounting are determined. Considering the philosophy of management and business, as well as the principles of integrated reporting, the components of accounting support management of the AIC business entity settlements are characterized: the objects of accounting for settlement transactions (in particular, external payments for ensuring uninterrupted business activity), their documentation, accounting records, reporting indicators. The peculiarities of the organization of accounting of agrarian receipts as a specific form of settlements at AIC entities have been established, the elements of accounting policy have been identified, which should be clearly defined for accounting of agrarian receipts.
Technical Change, Markup, Divestiture, and Productivity Growth in the U.S. Telecommunications Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the sources of productivity growth for the U.S. telecommunications industry from 1935 to 1987. These years encompass both the pre- and post-AT&T divestiture periods. We formulate a structural model that accounts for both changes in the cost and the demand side of the industry. We measure the contributions of aggregate demand, information intensity of the economy, price-cost margins, relative factor prices, direct and indirect effects of technological progress, and R&D investment on total-factor productivity (TFP) growth rate. We show that TFP growth rate as conventionally measured is a seriously biased measure of rate of technical change in this industry. © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Secondary Physical Science Teachers' Conceptions of Science Teaching in a Context of Change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pre-service teachers enter initial teacher education programmes with conceptions of teaching gleaned from their own schooling. These conceptions, which include teachers' beliefs, may be resistant to change, which is a challenge in contexts where teacher educators hope that teachers will teach in ways different from their own schooling. Conceptions of teaching found in different cultural and disciplinary contexts have contextual differences but have resonances with the results of research into teacher beliefs. Our sample of eight South African secondary physical science teachers was schooled in a system which encouraged knowledge transmission, but they were prepared in their initial teacher education for a learner-centred approach. After they had taught for a few years, we explored their conceptions of science teaching, using phenomenographic interviews. Four conceptions emerged inductively from the analysis: transferring science knowledge from mind to mind; transferring problematic science knowledge from mind to mind; creating space for learning science knowledge and creating space for learning problematic science knowledge. Internally these conceptions are constituted by three dimensions of variation: the nature of the science knowledge to be learnt, the role of the students and the role of the teacher. Media and practical work play different roles in the external horizon of these conceptions. These conceptions reflect the disciplinary context as well as the emphases of the sample's initial teacher education programme. This suggests that initial teacher education can significantly shape teachers' conceptions of teaching.
Placebo Effect

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A placebo effect is conceptually defined as the beneficial effect associated with an intervention that does not include the presumed active ingredients. It can be operationally defined as the positive difference between the results of a placebo condition and a no‐treatment condition in a randomized trial. Placebos play a crucial role as a control in clinical medication trials, but discussion remains regarding their effect sizes and possible working mechanisms. As a confounding factor, a placebo effect is considered as a specific type of reactivity effect that should be distinguished from other confounding factors like history, spontaneous recovery, or statistical regression.
An evaluation of vilobelimab (anti-C5a) as a cost-effective option to treat severely ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) have few available treatment options. PANAMO, a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of vilobelimab, which blocks the inflammatory process caused by complement component 5a, demonstrated a significant mortality benefit at 28 and 60 days in these patients. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to assess the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Methods A Markov model was used to estimate QALYs and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of vilobelimab plus standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone. The model simulated progression from severe COVID-19 to survival or death over a lifetime horizon. Outcomes data (COVID-19 all-cause mortality and renal replacement therapy) were incorporated from the PANAMO trial. COVID-19 mortality estimates were based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age-specific survival data. Utility values and hospital costs came from the literature. Vilobelimab cost was obtained from RED BOOK Online. Results For COVID-19 ICU patients, total costs of care were $103,414 (SOC) and $132,247 (SOC plus vilobelimab), respectively, resulting in an incremental cost of $28,833. SOC provided 6.70 QALYs versus 7.99 QALYs for vilobelimab, an additional 1.29 QALYs. The ICER for vilobelimab plus SOC versus SOC alone was $22,287/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the cost-effectiveness result as vilobelimab plus SOC was favored at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 in over 81% of iterations. Conclusion Vilobelimab provides a cost-effective option to treat ICU patients with severe COVID-19 receiving IMV compared to SOC, at well below the commonly accepted $50,000 US willingness-to-pay threshold.
Oxidation and assimilation of atmospheric methane by soil methane oxidizers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The metabolism of atmospheric methane in a forest soil was studied by radiotracer techniques. Maximum (sup14)CH(inf4) oxidation (163.5 pmol of C cm(sup-3) h(sup-1)) and (sup14)C assimilation (50.3 pmol of C cm(sup-3) h(sup-1)) occurred at the A(inf2) horizon located 15 to 18 cm below the soil surface. At this depth, 31 to 43% of the atmospheric methane oxidized was assimilated into microbial biomass; the remaining methane was recovered as (sup14)CO(inf2). Methane-derived carbon was incorporated into all major cell macromolecules by the soil microorganisms (50% as proteins, 19% as nucleic acids and polysaccharides, and 5% as lipids). The percentage of methane assimilated (carbon conversion efficiency) remained constant at temperatures between 5 and 20(deg)C, followed by a decrease at 30(deg)C. The carbon conversion efficiency did not increase at methane concentrations between 1.7 and 1,000 ppm. In contrast, the overall methane oxidation activity increased at elevated methane concentrations, with an apparent K(infm) of 21 ppm (31 nM CH(inf4)) and a V(infmax) of 188 pmol of CH(inf4) cm(sup-3) h(sup-1). Methane oxidizers from soil depths with maximum methanotrophic activity respired approximately 1 to 3% of the assimilated methane-derived carbon per day. This apparent endogenous respiration did not change significantly in the absence of methane. Similarly, the potential for oxidation of atmospheric methane was relatively insensitive to methane starvation. Soil samples from depths above and below the zone with maximum atmospheric methane oxidation activity showed a dramatic increase in the turnover of the methane assimilated (>20 times increase). Physical disturbance such as sieving or mixing of soil samples decreased methane oxidation and assimilation by 50 to 58% but did not alter the carbon conversion efficiency. Ammonia addition (0.1 or 1.0 (mu)mol g [fresh weight](sup-1)) decreased both methane oxidation and carbon conversion efficiency. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in methane assimilation (85 to 99%). In addition, ammonia-treated soil showed up to 10 times greater turnover of the assimilated methane-derived carbon (relative to untreated soil). The results suggest a potential for microbial growth on atmospheric methane. However, growth was regulated strongly by soil parameters other than the methane concentration. The pattern observed for metabolism of atmospheric methane in soils was not consistent with the physiology of known methanotrophic bacteria.
Art of Fighting 3: (CL) Lord Tiki vs(AR) [FA]MVCRyu - 2020-10-03 18:51:34

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

(CL) Lord Tiki vs (AR) [FA]MVCRyu - 2020-10-03 18:51:34 Fightcade replay id: 1601751094191-8226 For more videos check out: https://fightcadevids.com
Evaluation of a Proposed Module on Dispute Resolution and Crises/Incidents Management: Basis for Outcome-Based Course Enhancement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study evaluated a proposed instructional module on Dispute Resolution and Crises/Incidents Management as a tool for enhancing course delivery in Criminology through the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) framework. Anchored on Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) and guided by CHED Memorandum Order No. 5, series of 2018, the research was conducted by a single researcher and involved 272 third-year BS Criminology students from the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology during the First Semester of Academic Year 2025–2026. Using complete enumeration and a validated evaluation instrument, respondents assessed the module across six components: Module Title, Learning Objectives, Setting Up, Content, References, and Assessment of Learning. Results showed consistently high mean scores across all components, with grand means ranging from 4.40 to 4.45, interpreted as “Strongly Agree.” Key strengths included clarity of module titles, relevance of objectives, applied learning activities, and credible references. Minor areas for improvement were noted in the diversity of materials, accessibility of sources, and provision of pre-assessments. Findings affirm the module’s alignment with OBE principles and its potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. To further enhance learning outcomes, it is recommended that the module incorporate more multimedia content, clarify assessment instructions, and include pre-assessment tools to better tailor instruction to student readiness. This study contributes to the continuous improvement of Criminology education by promoting structured, learner-centered instructional design focused on real-world competencies in peacekeeping and conflict management.
MMSE block decision-feedback equalizer for spatial multiplexing with reduced complexity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enormous capacity advantage can be achieved on a flat MIMO channel compared to single antenna systems. V-BLAST was proposed to obtain such capacity advantage with low complexity. V-BLAST, however, requires multiple matrix (pseudo) inversions that are still computationally intensive for a large number of antennas. Much research has been attracted to reducing the complexity. Our contribution is to show that the MMSE block decision-feedback equalizer equivalent to the MMSE V-BLAST can be calculated via Cholesky factorization of the error covariance matrix with symmetric permutation. Forward and backward filters as well as detection order are jointly optimized with significantly reduced complexity. Simulation results show that MMSE V-BLAST performance can be achieved by the proposed scheme.
Optimization of enantiocontrol in cis-selective cyclopropanation reactions catalyzed by dirhodium(ii) tetrakis[alkyl 2-oxaazetidine-4(S)-carboxylates]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Both intermolecular and macrocyclic intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions occur with greater selectivity for the cis-(Z)-diastereoisomer than for the trans-(E)-diastereomer in reactions catalyzed by chiral dirhodium(II) azetidinone-carboxylates; the influence of the catalyst's ester alkyl group on enantiocontrol is substantial but appears to be delicately balanced by steric factors.
The effect of stoplights on traffic noise

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A study was undertaken to determine how the noise level due to free-flowing traffic is affected by the insertion of a traffic light. Field measurements were taken at eight different traffic light locations, representing two configurations; that of two intersecting straight roads and tee junctions. A reference level, measured at a point where traffic noise was unaffected by the intersection, was used in conjunction with the NRC traffic noise prediction model to assess the change in noise level in the region about the traffic light.