jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Receptor Blockade Augments Interstitial Fluid Levels of Excitatory Amino Acids during Cerebral Ischemia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The excitotoxic hypothesis suggests that cerebral ischemic damage results in part from the accumulation of the excitatory and potentially toxic neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate. Adenosine, which also increases during cerebral ischemia, is proposed to inhibit neurotransmitter release. The purpose of this study was to determine if adenosine receptor blockade exacerbates the accumulation of glutamate and aspartate during cerebral ischemia. Microdialysis probes, implanted bilaterally in the caudate nucleus of halothane-anesthetized rats, were used to (1) assess changes in interstitial fluid (ISF) glutamate, aspartate, adenosine, and adenosine metabolites; (2) measure local cerebral blood flow (H 2 clearance); and (3) deliver 8-( p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (SPT), an adenosine receptor antagonist, locally to the brain. The probe on one side of the brain was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 10 −3 M SPT, while the probe on the opposite side received only artificial CSF. Animals were exposed to 20 min of ischemia (carotid occlusion + arterial blood pressure = 50 mm Hg) followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Dialysate glutamate and aspartate increased during and after cerebral ischemia, but were increased to a greater extent in the presence of adenosine receptor blockade. Likewise, the increase in dialysate adenosine and adenosine metabolites was enhanced on the side of locally administered SPT. These data suggest that endogenous adenosine attenuates the accumulation of glutamate and aspartate during cerebral ischemia.
Socio-demographic, Epidemiological and Environmental Determinants of Acute Gastroenteritis in Western India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis had occurred in Rajpara village of Bhavnagar district. The objective of this study was to find out the socio-demographic, epidemiological and environmental determinants of this outbreak. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Rajpara village among 238 cases of acute gastroenteritis and an equal number of controls in January 2015. Multiple logistic regression was used for identifying the variables independently predicting acute gastroenteritis. Results: Upper socio-economic status, occupation requiring travel outside village, source of drinking water from well of ‘new’ Rajpara village, change in taste of water, use of chlorine tablets, travel outside village in last week, another family member affected with acute gastroenteritis, using common utensil for hand washing, hand washing before eating, ate food from outside in last week, having sanitary latrine at house, waste disposal in a common dump (instead of at house), waste accumulation around house and flies inside house were significantly associated with occurrence of acute gastroenteritis. On multiple logistic regression, change in taste of water (P<0.001), waste disposal in a common dump (P=0.012), another family member been affected (P<0.001), waste accumulation around house (P<0.001), higher socio-economic status (P=0.002) and eating outside food (P=0.011) made a significant contribution to prediction. Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors (higher socio-economic status), epidemiological correlates (change in taste of water, another family member been affected with acute gastroenteritis and eating outside food) and environmental determinants (waste disposal in a common dump and waste accumulation around house) significantly determines the occurrence of cases of acute gastroenteritis. Keywords: case-control studies;diarrhea; epidemiologic determinants; gastroenteritis; social determinants of health. | PubMed
Risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with complex congenital heart disease and significance of early detection of serum transcription factor Nkx2.5.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CPB time, aortic occlusion time and surgical methods, as well as Nkx2.5 detection are independent factors affecting AKI in patients with CHD. Early detection of serum transcription factor Nkx2.5 is of particular importance for clinical diagnosis of CHD patients complicated with AKI.
Characteristics and outcomes of ECMO cannula-related infections: a European multicenter retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Only few data regarding epidemiology and management of ECMO cannula-related infections (CRIs) exist. The aim of our study was to describe their epidemiology and prognosis, and to evaluate factors associated with outcome. Methods We performed a multicenter retrospective study in 12 European ICUs, including patients with CRI, defined as a clinical suspicion plus a positive bacterial sample of ECMO-cannulation site. Primary objective was to describe CRI characteristics and outcomes. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the rates of infection recurrence, their risk factors, and to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial treatment duration on outcome. Results During the study period, 124 patients with CRI (78 having concomitant positive blood culture with the same pathogen) were included. Pathogens responsible for infections were predominantly Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp., and 40% of episodes were polymicrobial. Rates of infection recurrence was 24% and ICU-mortality rate was 50%. Whereas veno-venous ECMO (as compared to veno-arterial ECMO), and therefore ECMO duration was associated with infection recurrence, characteristics of CRI and its management (and in particular duration of antimicrobial treatment) were not associated with recurrence. Patients with antibiotic course ≤8 days had similar infection recurrence rate and outcomes (including mortality) than patients with prolonged (>8 days) antibiotic course. Conclusion CRIs are frequently associated with BSI and frequently polymicrobial. Main risk factor of infection recurrence is ECMO duration. Duration of antimicrobial treatment for CRI ≤8 days is not associated with an increased risk of recurrence or death, as compared to longer treatment.
A lost legacy of critical engagement : Ibn al-Qayyim on divine determination (qadar)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to challenge a popular contemporary Traditionalist trend of intra-Muslim
theological disengagement and isolation, which is justified by a conception of a puritan
Traditionalist theology entirely hypothetically based on scripture and a utopian monolithic
understanding of the first three generations of Islam (the Salaf). One of the many inevitable
consequences of such a popular trend is one of intolerance and hence sectarianism. Intra-Muslim
theological disengagement amongst modern Traditionalists and the problems therein will be
challenged by proving that the theology of the Traditionalist scholar, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d.
751/1350), whose work is a main reference for contemporary Traditionalists, is much indebted to
his critical engagement and intra-Muslim dialogue with fellow non-Traditionalist theologians
and philosophers. This will be evident in my analysis of Ibn al-Qayyim’s discussions on topics
related to divine determination, which is a fundamental doctrine to Muslims. In fact, Ibn al-
Qayyim successfully develops a compatibilist position of dual agency on the problem of free will
and determinism, a traditionalist rational objectivism position in the debate on meta-ethics and a
four-fold theodicy of optimism on the problem of evil. Ibn al-Qayyim’s theological
developments evidently defy contemporary intra-Muslim theological disengagement and the
conception of a puritan Traditionalist theology. At the core of this thesis is an implication which
seeks to promote dialogue amongst contemporary Muslims and Traditionalist Islam.
Human detection in near-infrared spectrum

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fast growing human detection technology has been widely applied in different industries. There is a potential for using near-infrared spectrum to perform the detection task. This dissertation is to study the performance of existing human detection algorithms working in near-infrared spectrum. The human detection task can be accomplished by these two types of detection methods: full body detection and face detection. Several well-known algorithms for detecting full bodies and faces are evaluated based on dataset collected in daytime and nighttime. In daytime, both images in visible spectrum and near-infrared spectrum are collected while in nighttime only near-infrared images are collected. The evaluation of these detection methods involves comparisons of different methods in different spectrums at different time. The comparison results show the potential of using near-infrared spectrum to detect humans. A tool for ground truth annotation is implemented to reduce the workload of the evaluation process. A novel algorithm for bounding rectangle grouping is also implemented to support the detection experiments.
A study on women’s sports participation in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With an increasing trend of women sports participation in Singapore, and as ESG leaves being the organizer of the Great Eastern Women 10K marathon (GE10K), this research sets out to explore the potential of organizing a new women-only sports event in Singapore. The research provides ESG with insights related to the women sports scene in Singapore, by exploring 3 main themes, namely sports selection, sports participation and the motivation behind women’s sports participation. To address these objectives, past survey reports and database of GE10K from 2006 - 2011, provided by ESG, were analyzed to uncover interesting observations. 2 focus group discussion and an online questionnaire were also carried out. The focus groups consisted of past participants of GE10K run and females currently active in any sports and/or events. Our descriptive research surveyed 468 respondents aged between 25-40 years old, who were mainly past participants from GE10K via online administration of a survey. The aim of the survey is to reaffirm the focus group findings to a larger sample size. These findings would assist ESG to engage in further research effectively by understanding how women in Singapore behave towards sports participation as well as developing a new women-only sports event in the near future.
Maternal Mortality and Serious Maternal Morbidity in Jehovah’s Witnesses in The Netherlands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Refusal of blood by women with major obstetric hemorrhage who are Jehovah's witnesses increases their risk of maternal death. This retrospective study of case notes assessed the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality from major obstetric hemorrhage in Jehovah's witnesses. The data was obtained from all tertiary care centers and general hospitals in The Netherlands. The investigators examined case notes of Jehovah's witnesses who had serious maternal morbidity between 2004 and 2006. Mortality data for the years between 1983 and 2006 was also examined. The incidence of maternal morbidity and mortality in Jehovah's witnesses was compared with the total incidence of maternal morbidity reported in a previous study and the total incidence of maternal mortality reported to the Maternal Mortality Committee. The primary study outcome was the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and risk of serious maternal mortality. A total of 8850 deliveries by Jehovah's witnesses was reported during the study years. Death occurred in 6 of these mothers as a direct result of major obstetric hemorrhage. This represents a MMR of 68 per 100,000 live births, which is 6 times higher than in the general Dutch population and 130 times higher than the reported MMR from major obstetric hemorrhage. The risk of serious maternal morbidity because of obstetric hemorrhage among Jehovah's witnesses was 14 per 1000 births, whereas the risk in the total population of pregnant Dutch women was 4.5 per 1000. This represents a 3.1 times higher risk of serious maternal morbidity in Jehovah's witnesses compared with the general Dutch population. These findings demonstrate the consequences of the refusal of Dutch Jehovah's witnesses with major obstetric hemorrhage to accept transfusion of blood or major blood components. Because some Witnesses may accept treatment with blood products such as coagulation factors and erythropoietin, the investigators suggest that available alternatives to red blood cell transfusion should be discussed with these women early in pregnancy
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of the Course of COVID-19 Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Heart Transplant Recipients in Slovenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients receiving heart transplantation require lifelong immunosuppression and compared to the general population, they have a more than five times higher chance of acquiring COVID-19, and their mortality rates are higher. The aim of the present study was to estimate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients (HTRs) in Slovenia to estimate the vaccination rate and evaluate possible vaccination-hesitant subgroups. Methods: All SARS-CoV-2-positive HTRs (N = 79) between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2023 at the Infectious Diseases Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, were included retrospectively. Demographic, clinical and vaccination data were extracted from medical documentation and a statistical evaluation was performed. Results: The observed vaccination rate was 63.3%, but among patients who received transplants before the pandemic, it was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.027). Vaccinated HTRs were statistically significantly older (p = 0.004) and had a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.018). Our results indicate no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated HTRs regarding acute respiratory insufficiency (p = 0.135), length of hospital stay (p = 0.106), intensive care unit admission (0.414) and in-hospital mortality (p = 0.317), but we observed statistically more frequently an asymptomatic course in those vaccinated (p = 0.050), and a longer length of stay in vector vaccine recipients (p = 0.011) and in those not re-vaccinated (p = 0.030). There was a significantly higher re-vaccination rate in males (p = 0.005). Conclusions: An asymptomatic course of COVID-19 was more often observed in vaccinated HTRs. Our findings suggest statistically significant differences in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates; younger HTRs and those transplanted after the pandemic are more hesitant to vaccinate, while females accept booster doses less frequently.
Production of rosmarinic acid and correlated gene expression in hairy root cultures of green and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an active constituent of Ocimum basilicum. It has been shown that hairy root production (measured as dry weight) improves when green basil (O. basilicum "Cinnamon") is cultured under the light. In contrast, purple basil (O. basilicum "Purpurascens") shows greater hairy root production when cultured under dark conditions. The level of gene expression was highest in hairy roots of green basil under dark conditions for up to 1 week. Transcript levels were highest in hairy roots of purple basil under both dark and light conditions after 2 weeks of culturing. After 3 weeks of culture under light conditions, green basil had accumulated 1.9-fold higher RA content than that of purple basil, which in turn was fivefold higher than that of the natural roots (42.86 µg/mg). Tyrosine aminotransferase showed a higher transcript level when compared to the other phenylpropanoid pathway genes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and coenzyme-A ligase) in both dark and light conditions and in all-time regimens. RA accumulation was higher in the cultured hairy roots of green basil than those of purple basil under both light and dark conditions.
Preoperative serum total cholesterol is a predictor of prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preoperative serum TC level is an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with surgically treated RCC, with lower levels associated with worse CSS and PFS. Hence, this parameter may provide additional guidance in the selection of therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis, considering that cholesterol is a broadly applied routine marker in clinical practice.
Glucose-induced increase in paracellular permeability and disruption of beta-receptor signaling in retinal endothelium.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High-glucose culture decreases the retinal endothelial barrier and blocks the response to beta-adrenergic receptors. This model may prove valuable in exploring other hypotheses of increased permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy or other retinal diseases that break down the retinal vascular barrier.
Costello syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Costello syndrome is characterised by postnatal growth deficiency, coarse facies, redundant skin on the neck, palms, soles, and fingers, dark skin, acanthosis nigricans, and papillomata. The natural history evolves in two phases, a severe failure to thrive during the first months contrasting with a normal weight gain in later life. Cardiomyopathy is frequent but other visceral involvement is rare. Mild to moderate mental retardation is usual and most patients exhibit a characteristic sociable and friendly personality. The pathogenesis and molecular basis of the syndrome are unknown and the diagnosis is reliant on clinical expertise. Papillomata represent the most characteristic manifestation but may arise late in life. The peculiar course of the disease, the typical facies, and the ectodermal involvement with loose and hyperpigmented skin are characteristic enough to allow an early diagnosis. Most cases have been sporadic, suggesting de novo dominant mutations.
Assessment of the Topside Sounder Model Proﬁler performance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this investigation we apply a model-assisted technique to construct the topside electron density proﬁle.This technique is based on the Topside Sounder Model (TSM), which provides the plasma scale height (Ts), O+/H+ transition height (Th), and their ratio Rt=Ts/Th, derived from topside sounder data of Alouette and ISIS satellites. The Topside Sounder Model Proﬁler (TSMP) incorporates TSM and uses the model quantities as anchor points for the construction of topside density (Ne) proﬁles. In the present version, TSMP takes the F2 peak characteristics – foF2, hmF2, and the neutral scale height HmF2 at hmF2– from ground-based Digisonde measurements. Previous investigations have demonstrated that HmF2, used in the Digisondes to construct the topside proﬁles, is smaller than the topside scale height extracted from topside sounder proﬁles, at middle latitudes. Therefore the Digisonde scale heights have to be adjusted by a factor estimated for each Digisonde location. When the Digisonde scale height is corrected by this factor, the reconstructed topside proﬁles are close to those provided by TSM. The new TSMP/Digisonde assisted technique of topside proﬁle construction can improve the topside proﬁles from the worldwide network of Digisonde sounders. Extensive comparison and veriﬁcation with ground and satellite derived TEC assesses the performance of the proposed technique. A ﬁrst indication from the comparison with CHAMP reconstructed proﬁles shows lower density of TSMP/Digisonde proﬁles between 400 km and 2000 km. Further comparisons with Vary-Chap proﬁles and RPI plasmagrams from the IMAGE satellite will lead to useful conclusions concerning the
performance of the proposed method up to geosynchronous altitudes.
Regional Effects on the Capital Structure of the Italian SMEs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to investigate on the determinants of the capital structure of the Italian SMEs and it is based on a large panel of Italian manufacturing SMEs observed in the years 2001-2013. The analysis achieves a comparative investigation between the capital structure of the firms belonging in the Southern region, the so-called Italian Mezzogiorno that is the slow growing area of the country, and the firms of the Center-northern region of Italy, that is the more developed area of the country. Fixed effect panel techniques applied to the several standard leverage models allows to reaffirm some distinctive features showing differences of the financial behavior of regional firms.
Multiscale analysis of the CMB temperature derivatives

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the Planck CMB temperature at different scales through its\nderivatives up to second order, which allows one to characterize the local\nshape and isotropy of the field. The problem of having an incomplete sky in the\ncalculation and statistical characterization of the derivatives is addressed in\nthe paper. The analysis confirms the existence of a low variance in the CMB at\nlarge scales, which is also noticeable in the derivatives. Moreover, deviations\nfrom the standard model in the gradient, curvature and the eccentricity tensor\nare studied in terms of extreme values on the data. As it is expected, the Cold\nSpot is detected as one of the most prominent peaks in terms of curvature, but\nadditionally, when the information of the temperature and its Laplacian are\ncombined, another feature with similar probability at the scale of $10^\\circ$\nis also observed. However, the $p$-value of these two deviations increase above\nthe $6\\%$ when they are referred to the variance calculated from the\ntheoretical fiducial model, indicating that these deviations can be associated\nto the low variance anomaly. Finally, an estimator of the directional\nanisotropy for spinorial quantities is introduced, which is applied to the\nspinors derived from the field derivatives. An anisotropic direction whose\nprobability is $<1\\%$ is detected in the eccentricity tensor.\n