jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Soil Water Capacity, Pore Size Distribution, and CO2 Emission in Different Soil Tillage Systems and Straw Retention

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The long-term implementation of crop rotation and tillage has an impact on the soil environment through inputs and soil disturbance, which in turn has an impact on soil quality. Tillage has a long-term impact on the agroecosystems. Since 1999, a long-term field experiment has been carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University. The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of long-term various-intensity tillage and straw retention systems on soil physical properties. The results were obtained in 2013 and 2019 (spring rape was growing). According to the latest edition of the International Soil Classification System, the soil in the experimental field was classified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, and Amphisiltic). The treatments were arranged using a split-plot design. In a two-factor field experiment, the straw was removed from one part of the experimental field, and the entire straw yield was chopped and spread at harvest in the other part of the field (Factor A). There were three different tillage systems as a subplot (conventional deep ploughing, cover cropping with following shallow termination, and no-tillage) (Factor B). There were four replications. The long-term application of reduced tillage significantly increased soil water retention and improved the pore structure and CO2 emissions. Irrespective of the incorporation of straw, it was found that as the amount of water available to plants increases, CO2 emissions from the soil increase to some extent and then start to decrease. Simplified tillage and no-tillage in uncultivated soil reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the amount of water available to plants from 0.151 to 0.233 m3·m−3.
Airborne ultrasonic potential in intelligent control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A brief review of some current efforts to fully understand ultrasonic wave propagation in air is presented, along with some miscellaneous items of value in an intelligent manufacturing environment. The use of an airborne ultrasonic sensor can be a valuable tool in an intelligent manufacturing environment as long as the physics of wave propagation is thoroughly understood. Beam divergence, attenuation, presence of side lobes, ability to control interference patterns, etc., and the ability to improve signal-to-noise ratio can add significantly to creative use of ultrasonic sensors in manufacturing. Dimensional checks of a product, position measurement of various system hardware, and product quality measurements are all possible with airborne ultrasonic sensors. Basic tools for accomplishing these sensing activities are discussed.< >
The effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the urinary bladder injury in rats exposed to chronic stress: A histochemical study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the morphological and biochemical effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on bladder injury caused by water avoidance stress (WAS) and to show its effect on the number of degranulated mast cells, which increase after stress. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were subjected to WAS and the animals in the treatment group were injected ALA. After the urinary bladder tissues were subjected to routine tissue processing, hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff reaction were applied to observe general morphology and acidic toluidine blue method to investigate mast cells. Biochemical assessments of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were also obtained. Transmission electron microscope was used for the ultrastructural, and scanning electron microscope for the topographical analyses. Results: The experiments showed that chronic stress caused injury in the bladder, increased degranulated and total number of mast cells and decreased GSH and increased MDA levels. ALA treatment after WAS ameliorated bladder injury in most areas, decreased degranulated and total mast cell number and increased GSH and decreased MDA levels. Conclusion: It was concluded that ALA can be a useful agent in the treatment of interstitial cystitis.
Hungarian Nationalism in Orbán’s Era: The Case of Martfű

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Based on the discursive analysis of 28 semidirected interviews conducted in the small industrial town of Martfű, this article reflects on the role played by nationalism in the construction of political and cultural hegemony by Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz , Hungary’s ruling party since 2010. The ten themes mobilised by the respondents to express their vision of the Hungarian nation (identification, belonging, commitment, transmission, territory, uniqueness/fragility, heterogeneity/homogeneity, unity/division, east/west, and insubordination) and the issues attached to them (relationship to Hungarian minorities of neighbouring countries, relationship to the European Union, immigration, etc.) are paralleled with Fidesz’s discourse. On those subjects, Orbán’s party’s nationalism positions itself in a “central” way, managing to incarnate heterogeneous conceptions of the nation that are shared among this research’s respondents by Fidesz as well as non- Fidesz voters.
CAGE: Context-Aware Grasping Engine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Semantic grasping is the problem of selecting stable grasps that are functionally suitable for specific object manipulation tasks. In order for robots to effectively perform object manipulation, a broad sense of contexts, including object and task constraints, needs to be accounted for. We introduce the Context-Aware Grasping Engine, which combines a novel semantic representation of grasp contexts with a neural network structure based on the Wide & Deep model, capable of capturing complex reasoning patterns. We quantitatively validate our approach against three prior methods on a novel dataset consisting of 14,000 semantic grasps for 44 objects, 7 tasks, and 6 different object states. Our approach outperformed all baselines by statistically significant margins, producing new insights into the importance of balancing memorization and generalization of contexts for semantic grasping. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on robot experiments in which the presented model successfully achieved 31 of 32 suitable grasps. The code and data are available at: https://github.com/wliu88/rail_semantic_grasping
Exercise in the heat: Strategies to minimize the adverse effects on performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exercise in the heat is usually associated with reduced performance; both dehydration and hyperthermia adversely affect mental and physical performance. For athletes from temperate climates, the negative effects of heat and humidity can be attenuated by a period of acclimatization. This requires up to 10–14 days. Endurance‐trained individuals already show some of the adaptations that accompany acclimatization, but further adaptation occurs with training in the heat. Prior dehydration has a negative effect even on exercise of short duration where sweat losses are small. The athlete must begin exercise fully hydrated and regular ingestion of fluids is beneficial where the exercise duration exceeds 40 min. Dilute carbohydrate‐electrolyte (sodium) drinks are best for fluid replacement and also supply some substrate for the exercising muscles. Post‐exercise rehydration requires electrolyte as well as volume replacement. In extreme conditions, neither acclimatization nor fluid replacement will allow hard exercise to be performed without some risk of heat illness.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF BASIC NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH SECTION EDITOR: HASSAN M. FATHALLAH-SHAYKH, MD A Parietofrontal Network for Spatial Awareness in the Right Hemisphere of the Human Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

P atients with lesions of the right hemisphere often show signs of left-sided unilateral ne-glect. Left-sided neglect may impair the ability of patients to live independently and en-tails a poor functional outcome. When exploring a visual scene, patients with left-sidedneglect fail to pay attention to left-sided objects. They do not eat from the left part of their dish, they bump their wheelchair into obstacles situated on their left, and they have a ten-dency to look to right-sided details as soon as a visual scene unfolds, as if their attention were “mag-netically ” attracted by these details.1 On visuospatial testing, they fail to cancel or describe left-sided targets in search tasks, deviate rightward when bisecting horizontal lines, and fail to copy the left part of drawings1,2 (Figure 1). The study of left-sided neglect is impor-tant for neuroscientists to understand the brain mechanisms underlying spatial awareness. From the clinical point of view, research on neglect can ameliorate the di-agnosis by devising appropriate visuospa-tial tests, clarify the prognostic factors for individual patients with particular pat-terns of impairment, and allow the devel-
[Effect of dizocilpine on P-glycoprotein expression in hippocampus in limbic seizure: experiment with rats].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

MK801 down-regulates the overexpression of P-gp after seizure, which indicates that NMDA receptor may be involved in the regulation of P-gp expression during seizure. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the overexpression of P-gp after seizure by inhibiting NMDA receptor's overactivation effectively.
Targeting Wnt Signaling through Small molecules in Governing Stem Cell Fate and Diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: The conserved Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is responsible for multiple functions including regulation of stem cell pluripotency, cell migration, self-renewability and cell fate determination. This signaling pathway is of utmost importance, owing to its ability to fuel tissue repair and regeneration of stem cell activity in diverse organs. The human adult stem cells including hematopoietic cells, intestinal cells, mammary and mesenchymal cells rely on the manifold effects of Wnt pathway. The consequences of any dysfunction or manipulation in the Wnt genes or Wnt pathway components result in specific developmental defects and may even lead to cancer, as it is often implicated in stem cell control. It is absolutely essential to possess a comprehensive understanding of the inhibition and/ or stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway which in turn is implicated in determining the fate of the stem cells. Results: In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the studies associated with the implementation of small molecule compounds in key areas of stem cell biology including regeneration differentiation, proliferation. In support of this statement, small molecules have unfolded as imperative tools to selectively activate and inhibit specific developmental signaling pathways involving the less complex mechanism of action. These compounds have been reported to modulate the core molecular mechanisms by which the stem cells regenerate and differentiate. Conclusion: This review aims to provide an overview of the prevalent trends in the small molecules based regulation of stem cell fate via targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
Lateralized power spectra of the EEG as an index of visuospatial attention

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

visuospatial attention, inhibition, erPs, erls, wavelets the electroencephalogram (eeg) was measured in an endogenous orienting paradigm where symbolic cues indicated the likely side of to-be-discriminated targets.combined results of eventrelated lateralizations (erls) and a newly derived measure from wavelet analyses that we applied on the raw eeg and individual event-related potentials (erPs), the lateralized power spectra (lPs) and the lPs-erP, respectively, confirmed the common view that endogenous orienting operates by anterior processes, probably originating from the frontal eye fields, modulating processing in parietal and occipital areas.the lPs data indicated that modulation takes place by increased inhibition of the irrelevant visual field and/or disinhibition of the relevant to-be-attended visual field.combined use of erls, the lPs, and the lPs-erP indicated that most of the involved processes can be characterized as externally evoked, either or not with clear individual differences as some evoked effects were only visible in the lPs-erP, whereas few processes seemed to have an internally induced nature.Use of the lPs and the lPs-erP may be advantageous as it enables to determine the involvement of internally generated lateralized processes that are not strictly bound to an event like stimulus onset.
24-hour Perfusion of Porcine Myocutaneous Flaps Mitigates Reperfusion Injury: A 7-day Follow-up Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Static cold storage is the gold standard of preservation in vascularized composite allotransplantation and allows a preservation time of 4–6 hours. Machine preservation is a promising technique for prolonged preservation; however, studies on extended preservation that compare different preservatives are scarce. This study aims to assess the feasibility of 24-hour acellular perfusion and compares different preservation solutions in a porcine myocutaneous flap replantation model. Methods: Six harvested bilateral myocutaneous flaps of three Dutch Landrace pigs were perfused hypothermically for 24 hours with University of Wisconsin machine perfusion solution (UW-MPS; n = 2) or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (HTK; n = 2) or preserved on ice for 4 hours (n = 2) before orthotopic replantation. Animals were observed for 7 days after replantation. Skeletal muscle injury was assessed by biochemical markers during perfusion, and muscle biopsies were analyzed for ischemia reperfusion injury directly after preservation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after replantation. Results: Markers of muscle damage varied during perfusion, but decreased overall in both perfusion groups. Flap weight increased 60% and 97% in the HTK-perfused flaps, compared with -6% and -7% in the UW-MPS-perfused flaps after 24 hours. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated decreased muscle damage in flaps perfused with HTK compared with the UW-MPS-perfused flaps at 1 week after replantation. Conclusions: Machine perfusion of myocutaneous flaps for 24 hours with subsequent replantation is feasible, but warrants further research. Perfusion with HTK solution seemed to result in better histological outcomes 7 days after reperfusion compared with UW-MPS.
Acoustic simulation of noise barriers and prediction of annoyance for local residents

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Road traffic is the most widespread environmental noise source in Europe, proven to affect human health and well-being adversely. Noise barriers can be a very effective way to objectively reduce the noise levels to which the population is exposed, leading to positive effects on noise perception and quality of life. In this paper, surveys were used to assess subjective noise level indicators (annoyance and quality of life) from residents of the vicinity of a highway where obsolete noise barriers were to be replaced. %HA before the barrier replacement was measured from the surveys (26.8%) and estimated based on the acoustic simulation and two existing exposure/response relationships (14.6 and 18.8% before and 13.6 and 8.3% after). The difference in the measured %HA to those calculated from the ERRs shows that those models might not estimate %HA fairly for small samples or particular situations where high Lden is reported. Noise annoyance correlated differently with the quality of life indicators: a weak link was observed with health problems, while a strong correlation was found with the comfort level to perform activities outdoors. Objective noise measurements gave LA,eq,(15 min.) reductions of 4.1dB(A) due to the new barrier, while in acoustics models, calculated as Lday, expected this reduction to be 5.2 dB(A). After replacing the noise barriers, a second survey could still not be distributed due to the unknown effect of the COVID-19 measures that are still active.
Comrades in conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book examines the 1969 attempt by Harold Wilson's Labour Government to enact legislation to reform industrial relations. There was a particular concern to curb strikes by the trade unions. Published in the 50th anniversary of this ill-fated episode, this scholarly study makes extensive use of primary sources, many of them previously unpublished, most notably the archives of the Labour Party, the left-wing Tribune Group, the TUC, and the personal papers of the three key political figures involved, namely Harold Wilson, Barbara Castle and James Callaghan. The chapters are organised both thematically and chronologically, each one focusing on a particular aspect of the events leading to the proposed Industrial Relations Bill, and its subsequent abandonment. The book commences with an examination of the key economic and industrial developments of the early 1960s, to indicate how the 'trade union problem' was initially identified and defined. This led the Labour Government, elected in 1964, to establish a Royal Commission to examine industrial relations, but its report, published in 1968, was a cautious document, and therefore a deep disappointment to Harold Wilson and his Employment Secretary, Barbara Castle. They thus pursued their own industrial relations legislation, via a White Paper called In Place of Strife, but were overwhelmed by the scale and strength of opposition this aroused, and which eventually compelled them to abandon the legislation via a humiliating climb-down.
Nutritional Composition and Medicinal Properties of Camel Milk, and Cheese Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This review has been conducted on camel milk and its nutritional parameters and medicinal effect on humans. Basically, milk is a complete diet and it is composed of a wide range of health-beneficial components. Camel milk has salty taste due to rich of minerals. Nutritionally, it is composed of protein in form of casein and whey, short-chain fatty acid, lactose, immunoglobulins, vitamin including A, E, D, and B, and minerals such as sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc and magnesium, especially calcium and kalium. Medicinally, camel milk can reduce the risk of cancer and autism. This milk is also suitable for infectious diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis and allergy and plays a vital role in physiological disorders such as diabetes. The immunoglobulins components of camel milk boost human immunity. Camel milk is stored after processing in the form of cheese. The camel milk is beneficial for human health against diseases.
Salmonella ve Dalak Absesi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Öz: Dalakabseleri nadir görülür. Tanı koymak zor olmakla beraber tedavisiz bırakılanolgularda mortalite oldukça yüksektir. Abse tespit edilse bile her zamanetyolojisi belirlenemeyebilir. Özellikle sol üst kadran ağrısı ve yüksek ateşlekendini belli etmektedir.
Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus Depends on Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the neurogenic areas of the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and produce new neurons throughout the lifetime. This requires a permanent pool of NSCs, the size of which needs to be tightly controlled. The gp130-associated cytokines ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have been implicated in regulating NSC self-renewal and differentiation during embryonic development and in the adult brain. To study the relevance of the two cytokines in vivo, we analyzed precursor cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of CNTF- and LIF-deficient mouse mutants. The number of radial glia-like NSCs, proliferative activity, and generation of new neurons were all reduced in CNTF−/− mutants but unaltered in LIF−/− animals. Conditional ablation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter resulted in a reduction of neurogenesis similar to that in CNTF−/− mice. The size of the granule cell layer was decreased in both mutants. Treatment of neurosphere cultures prepared from adult forebrain with CNTF inhibited overall proliferative activity but increased the number of NSCs as indicated by enhanced secondary neurosphere formation and upregulated expression of stem cell markers. Knockdown of STAT3 with short interfering RNA inhibited CNTF effects on neurospheres, and knockdown of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) enhanced them. Our results provide evidence that CNTF-induced STAT3 signaling is essential for the formation and/or maintenance of the neurogenic subgranular zone in the adult dentate gyrus and suggest that CNTF is required to keep the balance between NSC self-renewal and the generation of neuronal progenitors.
The Role of Interactive Media in Teaching Pronunciation Through Communicative Language Teaching Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to determine the role of interactive media in teaching pronunciation with communicative approach toward students' language and cognitive mastery. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques carried out by applying pronunciation learning to certain topics from the interactive media. The sample of the research were 26 students of English education study program. Data was collected through observation, questionnaires and tests. The questionnaires were applied to obtain information related to the use of interactive media and the implementation of communicative language teaching. The final comprehension test was conducted to analyze students' cognitive mastery. The result obtained for the media-based pronunciation learning resources was 4.50 on the scale of 5.00 with a very good category, while for the chosen topic in learning pronunciation was 4.55. In terms of cognitive skills achievement, students obtained an average score of 4.35 with a good category. Meanwhile, for the media assessment and the software aspect obtained a score of 4.48, and the learning and cognitive aspect with a score of 4.50. In view of the assessment of the learning outcomes, students obtained a score of 85.12 with a good interpretation score. The role of interactive media increases students' cognitive mastery and pronunciation skills through a communicative language teaching approach
Systematics and Paleoecology of Silicified Gastropoda of Tonoloway Formation (Upper Silurian) at Pinto, Maryland: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The silicified gastropod fauna from the excellent Tonoloway reference section at Pinto in western Maryland has been studied by means of specimens obtained by etching bulk samples in hydrochloric acid. Of the four published gastropod taxa from this locality, three are placed in synonymy and one, based on an indeterminate internal mold, is restricted to its type. In addition to the aforementioned taxa, a new genus and species of Bellerophontacea in the subfamily Carinaropsinae and two species of Holopeid gastropods were recovered and described. Sedimentary and petrographic data suggest a low-intertidal to shallow-subtidal, soft-bottom, carbonate substrate environment for the gastropod-bearing beds sampled. This interpretation is supported by data from several studies of the paleoecology of Paleozoic gastropods which are systematically related and morphologically similar to the taxa recovered in this study. End_of_Article - Last_Page 440------------