jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Health Promotion Behaviors Lifestyle and Islamic Lifestyle in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims Cardiovascular disease as the most common cause of death in the world; is closely related to lifestyle and related factors. Islamic lifestyle by taking the material and spiritual aspects can play an important role in improving patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relation between health promotion behaviors and Islamic lifestyle in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 patients with acute coronary syndrome. The subjects were collected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic data and disease and health promotion behavior. The SPSS V.18 was used for performing descriptive and inferential statistics. Results There was a direct and significant correlation between total score of health promotion behavior lifestyle and total score of Islamic lifestyle (r=0.567, P<0.001). Also there was a significant relationship between total score of Islamic lifestyle and all aspects of health promotion behavior lifestyle except beliefs, health and security (P<0.001). Conclusion Due to the direct relation between Islamic lifestyle and health promotion behavior lifestyle, special attention of the treatment team in general and nursing intervention in particular is necessary towards the ischemic heart disease patient’s lifestyle.
Authority and Justice in the Formation of the Kingdom of Asturias–León

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to analyse the role of control over judicial practices in the shaping of the Asturian–Leonese monarchy. Within the diversity of dispute settlement and resolution levels, royal justice may be understood as a resource to build authority and legitimize a new power. In fact, royal justice concerned individuals or institutions linked to the monarchy. However, the kings' sphere of action was initially restricted to the areas where they actually enjoyed landownership and patronage. Nevertheless, in certain areas where royal authority was not direct, like Astorga or Coimbra, this power was exercised by individuals labelled as magnates. In both cases, political integration into the kingdom of Asturias–León was undertaken by aristocrats who theoretically acted on behalf of the king. Although reference to the kings served to legitimize their de facto position, the agency of such counts included the control of justice at the local level.
Transport of Free and Peptide-Bound Pyrraline at Intestinal and Renal Epithelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pyrraline is a quantitatively dominating glycation compound of the advanced Maillard reaction in foods and can be found in urine after consumption of pyrraline-containing food items. The purpose of this study was to investigate the transport of pyrraline and its dipeptide derivatives alanylpyrraline (Ala-Pyrr) and pyrralylalanine (Pyrr-Ala) at intestinal and renal cell lines. Pyrraline inhibited the l-[(3)H]lysine uptake with IC(50) values of 0.3 mM (Caco-2 cells) and 3.5 mM (OK cells), respectively, but not the uptake of [(14)C]Gly-Sar (Caco-2 and SKPT cells). In contrast, Ala-Pyrr strongly inhibited the uptake of [(14)C]Gly-Sar in Caco-2 and SKPT cells with IC(50) values of 0.19 and 0.017 mM, respectively. Pyrr-Ala inhibited the carrier-mediated uptake of [(14)C]Gly-Sar in Caco-2 and SKPT cells by 50% at concentrations of 0.03 and 0.008 mM, respectively. The transepithelial flux of peptide-bound pyrraline across Caco-2 cell monolayers was up to 15-fold higher compared to the flux of free pyrraline. We conclude that free pyrraline is not a substrate for the intestinal lysine transporter and that the absorption of dietary pyrraline occurs most likely in the form of dipeptides rather than as the free amino acid.
Legislative Waiver

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Legislative waiver is a special type of law that excludes certain offenses or offenders from the jurisdiction of juvenile court. Legislative waiver laws require the juvenile be waived, or transferred, to criminal court thereby bypassing the juvenile court system. Legislative waiver laws remove the discretion inherent in judicial and prosecutorial waivers. Legislative waiver takes the specific form of a statutory exclusion or mandatory waiver. Currently, 38 states have some form of legislative waiver for juvenile offenders.
Sympathectomy in the treatment of hyperhidrosis: Is it an effective solution?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis affects 1-3% of the general population and occurs equally in both genders. It significantly affects the quality of life. In recent years, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS), especially with a single-port approach, has gained popularity in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. This study aims to assess the efficacy and clinical outcomes of ETS surgery for primary hyperhidrosis. Materials and Methods: The data of 30 patients who underwent bilateral ETS due to primary hyperhidrosis were examined retrospectively. 25 patients treated with a single port approach were included in the study, and 5 patients treated with a double port approach were excluded from the study. Preoperative evaluations and routine tests were performed. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, complications, satisfaction, compensatory sweating, and relapse. Patients' satisfaction levels were determined by telephone interviews. Results: The mean patient age was 24.16 ± 6.01 years; 56% were men and 44% were women. As complications, compensatory hyperhidrosis was observed in 12% of the patients, and mild pneumothorax was observed in 12%. No operative mortality occurred. No recurrence was observed during the long-term follow-up. In telephone surveys, 88% of patients reported satisfaction. Three patients with compensatory sweating were partially satisfied. No patient reported regret. Conclusions: We believe that ETS is an effective option in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis, with low morbidity and high patient satisfaction rates, despite the risk of compensatory sweating.
What You See Is What You Learn,What You Learn Guides What You Do——Introduction to the Contribution of the Awardees of Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

What you see is what you learn is believed to be the essence of the structural biology research.In the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded work,three outstanding scientists from the United States and Israel have vividly demonstrated that how high-resolution crystallography not only helped to solve long-standing problems in the structural-functional studies for the roles of ribosomes in the process of protein biosynthesis,but also revealed the underlying mechanisms.Their contributions have provided far-reaching implications for basic biological and medical sciences,and meanwhile inspired and expanded the important applications for related drug development,such as the designs of antibiotics.
Health Behavior Interventions Literature Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is an extensive research literature on the effectiveness of various interventions for changing health behaviors, such as dietary habits, physical activity, and smoking. Existing reviews and overviews tend to aggregate research on the effects of specific interventions on particular health behaviors. This review provides a largely qualitative, non-statistical summary of the evidence for the effectiveness of intervention types across health behaviors, by aggregating 706 research items (mostly systematic reviews and meta-analyses) based on the strength of evidence. This review makes a number of subjective judgment calls and uses novel methods of evaluation in order to quickly digest and summarize an extremely large evidence base. It focuses on applications to the farmed animal movement, especially to the behavioral change of reducing animal product consumption. In general, while the health behavior literature includes a very large number of studies, there is much inconsistency in wording, methodology, and subject matter, which makes it difficult to extract useful insights for behavior change advocates. However, some conclusions are warranted. Key findings include that almost all types of health behavior interventions targeted at individuals or small groups seem likely to have effect sizes conventionally interpreted as “small” or “very small,” that their effect sizes tend to be even smaller in the long term, and that interventions with educational and behavioral components outperform solely educational interventions.
Genes with Different Modes of Inheritance Regulate Seed Germination in Preharvest-sprouting-tolerant Lines of Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Preharvest sprouting (PHS), caused by rain after maturity, leads to a severe degradation of buckwheat quality. We previously reported the PHS tolerance of several natural resources and landraces in Japan, and have bred PHS-tolerant lines. Here, we investigate the rates of PHS in our breeding lines and leading cultivars in Japan. The new lines 'Kyukei 28' and 'Kyukei 29' had better PHS tolerance than all leading cultivars. To reveal the PHS tolerance inherited by these lines, we performed genetic analysis using crosses between these lines and a self-compatible line, 'Kyukei SC7'. The rate of germination in F2 segregating lines showed different segregation patterns, suggesting that major tolerance genes in 'Kyukei 28' (KY28) are recessive and those in 'Kyukei 29' (KY29) are dominant. This information could help to accelerate the breeding of buckwheat lines with PHS tolerance and develop DNA markers for the selection of tolerant lines.
Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Induces the Expression of MicroRNAs Associated with Inflammatory/Oxidative Stress Response in Lung Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), of which secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major constituent, is linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and preterm birth. Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, the most abundant nonmethane hydrocarbon emitted into Earth's atmosphere primarily from vegetation, contributes to SOA formation. Isoprene-derived SOA has previously been found to alter inflammatory/oxidative stress genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators that serve as post-transcriptional modifiers and key mediators of gene expression. To assess whether isoprene-derived SOA alters miRNA expression, BEAS-2B lung cells were exposed to laboratory-generated isoprene-derived SOA constituents derived from the acid-driven multiphase chemistry of authentic methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) or isomeric isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) with acidic sulfate aerosol particles. These IEPOX- and MAE-derived SOA constituents have been shown to be measured in large quantities within PM2.5 collected from isoprene-rich areas affected by acidic sulfate aerosol particles derived from human activities. A total of 29 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed when exposed to IEPOX-derived SOA and 2 when exposed to MAE-derived SOA, a number of which are inflammatory/oxidative stress associated. These results suggest that miRNAs may modulate the inflammatory/oxidative stress response to SOA exposure, thereby advancing the understanding of airway cell epigenetic response to SOA.
Parental awareness of the need for screening of retinopathy of prematurity in Northern China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AIM: To analyze the awareness of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)among parents of ROP patients in Northern China. METHODS:A questionnaire was given to 230 parents of ROP infants and collected in person between Jan. and Apr. 2013. Basic information on the ROP infants and the parents' awareness of ROP were collected from the parents. RESULTS:In all, 221/230(96.1%)questionnaires were returned. Based on these completed responses, 128(57.9%)premature infants received screening during hospital stays, 208(94.1%)parents were informed about screening and received a recommendation for screening by pediatricians, and 13(5.9%)parents did not receive any recommendation for screening. Only 159(71.9%)parents were aware of ROP, while 62(28.1%)were not aware of the disease. Because stages 4 and 5 of ROP had a poor prognosis, we determined whether parents were informed by pediatricians closely associated with the severity of ROP(P<0.001). However, we found no association between the grade of hospital and whether the parents were informed(P=0.625). CONCLUSION:Awareness of ROP among parents and pediatricians in Northern China still needs to be improved. Better and more timely communication and education of parents regarding ROP from pediatricians and ophthalmologists will help.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BODY WEIGHT SUPPORTED TREADMILL TRAINING FOR GAIT RECOVERY IN PATIENTS AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Restoring safe, independent and efficient walking is a key element in achieving functional independence for stroke patients.Objective: To study the effect of body weight supported (BWS) treadmill training on gait recovery in patients at an early subacute phase of ischemic stroke.Research sample and method: The study recruited 28 patients, who had suffered a stroke and met the selection criteria.Participants in the control group (n = 14) used traditional ground walk training; those of the experimental group (n = 14) did a combination of ground walk training and treadmill training. Results:The results of the study showed that at an early subacute phase of ischemic stroke, in patients independent of external assistance in walking the use of BWS treadmill training leads to a significant improvement in walking speed and endurance (p ≤ 0.05), functional ambulation.No statistically significant differences were revealed between the groups at the end of the treatment and within the follow-up period, although the trend analysis was always in favor of the experimental group.Conclusion: BWS treadmill training can complement traditional ground walk therapy, providing practice for repetitive tasks without requiring excessive effort on the part of physiotherapists.Future studies involving large numbers of patients are required to standardize clinical protocols and identify guidelines for gait recovery in stroke patients.
Models of Demand for Capital in Agriculture of Kazakhstan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The financing of agricultural producers is one of the most acute problems along the entire scope of economic reforms in Kazakhstan. The issue is: What kind of financial sources could maintain the development of agricultural production? Internal sources such as profit, depreciation capital, and various reserve and insurance funds can not be considered as a key financial base. State financial support of agriculture in Kazakhstan (which plays a significant role in the most developed countries), is episodic in nature, small in size and typically does not reach the recipients. In these circumstances, a potential supplier of financial and investment resources could be a banking system and such non-banking credit institutions as credit cooperatives. In this study capital demand functions were used to analyze an influence of a number of factors on capital demand in agriculture. The results of simulations suggest the most significant factors are a rental price of capital and a price of production output. Major determinant of credit demand is collateral, that is, size of arable land possessed by the agricultural enterprise and a cost of equipment. Despite subsidized credit plays significant role existing corruption in this sphere decreases capital demand and investment opportunities for agricultural producers.
Definicja Ligi językowej/Areału językowego : zaproszenie do dyskusji

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Artykul ten jest poświecony dyskusji nad definicją ligi jezykowej. Choc pojecie ligi / arealu jest szeroko stosowane w jezykoznawstwie, brak powszechnie akceptowanej definicji. Rozni autorzy w odmienny sposob definiują to pojecie, nierzadko myląc je z innymi pokrewnymi klasami pojec (np. substrat, adstrat czy izoglosa). W konsekwencji jest ono czesto stosowane do opisu znacząco rozniących sie od siebie zjawisk. Aby uniknąc dalszego mieszania pojec, koniecznym wydaje sie odgraniczenie ich poprzez zaproponowanie spojnej, przemyślanej definicji ligi / arealu. W tabeli zalączonej do artykulu znajduje sie zestawienie czternastu klasycznych definicji. Tabela (w wierszach) analizuje definicje pod wzgledem obecności w nich kryteriow najcześciej pojawiających sie przy definiowaniu ligi (w kolumnach). Ma to na celu uświadomienie czytelnikowi, ktore z tych kryteriow mogą byc traktowane jako inherentne elementy definicji ligi jezykowej. Definicje uwzglednione w tabeli są zacytowane w zalączniku na koncu artykulu. Szybki ich przegląd uświadamia, ze uzyte w nich wyrazenia są czesto nieprecyzyjne i nie zawsze przystają do formuly tabeli. Dlatego tez autor w kilku miejscach byl zmuszony dostosowac te sformulowania do schematu tabeli, jednocześnie starając sie ograniczyc interpretacje, tak by nie zmienic sensu oryginalnej definicji. Artykul sklada sie z trzech cześci: w pierwszej (1-5) przedstawiona jest dyskusja kryteriow dotychczas branych pod uwage przy definiowaniu ligi jezykowej. W cześci drugiej (6) zaproponowano nową definicje, ktora rozdziela pojecia areal i liga. Pierwsze z nich autor rezerwuje dla grup skladających sie z dowolnej ilości jezykow, ktore zajmują określony obszar geograficzny i posiadają w wyniku kontaktow jezykowych miedzy sobą dowolną liczbe cech wspolnych (przy czym mogą to byc zarowno cechy leksykalne, jak i strukturalne, bądź tez obydwa typy naraz). Pojecie ligi odnosic sie ma natomiast do grup jezykow, ktore mogą sie wytworzyc w ramach arealu w wyniku bardzo silnego, wielokierunkowego wplywu strukturalnego. Innymi slowy, dla ligi konieczny jest wplyw strukturalny i oddzialywanie wielokierunkowe. W cześci trzeciej (7) autor dokonuje weryfikacji i oceny nowej definicji, opierając sie na lidze balkanskiej.
A Best-Response Algorithm with Voluntary Communication and Mobility Protocols for Mobile Autonomous Teams Solving the Target Assignment Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider a team of mobile autonomous robots with the aim to cover a given set of targets. Each robot aims to select a target to cover and physically reach it by the final time in coordination with other robots given the locations of targets. Robots are unaware of which targets other robots intend to cover. Each robot can control its mobility and who to send information to. We assume communication happens over a wireless channel that is subject to fading and failures. Given the setup, we propose a decentralized algorithm based on decentralized fictitious play in which robots reason about the selections and locations of other robots to decide which target to select, whether to communicate or not, who to communicate with, and where to move. Specifically, the communication actions of the robots are learning-aware, and their mobility actions are sensitive to the success probability of communication. We show that the decentralized algorithm guarantees that robots will cover their targets in finite time. Numerical simulations and experiments using a team of mobile robots confirm the target coverage in finite time and show that mobility control for communication and learning-aware voluntary communication protocols reduce the number of communication attempts in comparison to a benchmark distributed algorithm that relies on communication after every decision epoch.
An Oil Package Study aiming the Logistics Optimization on the Palletizing Capacity

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>The palletizing layout affects directly the company’s costs and logistics efficiency, because with an optimal layout is possible to reduce the number of truck loading to meet the same demand. Therefore, this paper is a case study, showing the actual scenario of soybean oil manufacturing company, to propose a packaging study which will define the optimal dimensions for the package and palletizing. The reached results show a 25% pallet capacity increase, as well as a 25% reduction of the number of truck loading necessary to meet the demand.</p>
Further Characterization of Glycogen from Type‐IV Glycogen‐Storage Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycogen from a male child suffering from type IV glycogenosis was debranched with bacterial isoamylase and fractionated on Sephadex G‐50. The unit chains, set free by the isoamylase, emerged as a single peak, similar to that for normal human liver glycogen, but of higher average chain length. The pattern of the unit chains was distinctly different from that shown by amylopectin, which displays two populations of unit chains. It is thereby reaffirmed that, contrary to previous belief, type IV glycogen is not amylopectin‐like in structure, and the name “amylopectinosis” for this disease is inappropriate.
A new family and superfamily for the southern giant crab of Australia, Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda: Brachyura)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Australian southern giant crab, Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck, 1818), has traditionally been placed in the families Oziidae Dana, 1851 or Menippidae Ortmann, 1893 (superfamily Eriphioidea MacLeay, 1838). Previous genetic studies questioned the validity of this classification as the molecular markers placed it far from all eriphioid lineages. A morphological re-examination of P. gigas shows that it possesses a suite of unusual characters in the structure of the antennae, antennules, epistome, carapace, pereopods, thoracic sternum, and vulvae that show it is different from other Eriphioidea as well as all other extant heterotremes, confirming the genetic results. A new family, Pseudocarcinidae, and a new superfamily, Pseudocarcinoidea, both monotypic, are here established for P. gigas.