jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of the vinblastine-like antitumor bis-indole alkaloid navelbine analog desethyldihydronavelbine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the vinblastine-like antitumor bis-indole alkaloid navelbine analog desethyldihydronavelbinePhilip Magnus and Lee S. ThurstonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3, 1166–1170Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00003a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00003a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Incandescent affect: Turning on the hot emotional system with bright light

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We propose that turning on the light can turn on the hot emotional system. Across six studies we show that ambient brightness makes people feel warmer, which increases the intensity of their affective response, including sensation seeking from spicy‐hot foods, perception of aggression and sexiness (“hotness”) in others, and generating more extreme affective reactions toward positive and negative words and drinks. We suggest that these effects arise because light underlies perception of heat, and perception of heat can trigger the hot emotional system. Thus, turning down the light, effortless and unassuming as it may seem, can reduce emotionality in everyday decisions, most of which take place under bright light.
Broad host range plasmids in estuarine environments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A transferência horizontal de genes permite a adaptação microbiana a nichos especiais, dos quais dois bons exemplos são a camada superficial do mar e a coluna de água. Os plasmídeos com gama alargada de hospedeiros (BHR), responsáveis pelo fluxo de material genético entre cromossomas bacterianos (inclusivamente entre microorganismos muito afastados filogeneticamente) têm um papel essencial na evolução das comunidades microbianas. Entre eles, os plasmídeos pertencendo ao grupo de incompatibilidade IncP-1 têm um interesse especial por causa da sua extraordinária flexibilidade na iniciação da replicação e da estabilidade na sua manutenção numa ampla gama de hospedeiros. Estes elementos genéticos móveis, além de constituírem ferramentas úteis na engenharia genética, representam uma grande fonte de genes que codificam para características tão significativas como a resistência a antibióticos e a degradação de xenobióticos. No entanto, a diversidade nesta família de plasmídeos BHR tem sido subestimada até agora: actualmente sabe-se da existência de cinco subgrupos divergentes, mas embora alguns plamídeos modelo tenham sido estudados ao detalhe, ainda há muito para investigar. Em trabalhos anteriores na Ria de Aveiro (costa NW de Portugal), foi feita a captura exógena de plasmídeos bem como o isolamento de bactérias potencialmente hospedeiras de plasmídeos endógenos. Neste trabalho, sequências de nucleótidos específicas foram amplificadas mediante reacções em cadeia da polimerase para determinar a presença de plasmídeos BHR. Os sete plasmídeos IncP-1 detectados, foram em primeiro lugarfilogeneticamente estudados. O alinhamento das sequências de nucleótidos de 281 pb que foram amplificadas e que correspondem a um fragmento do gene trfA (que codifica para uma proteína do início da replicaçao) sugeriu o estabelecimento de dois novos clusters situados filogeneticamente em dois subgrupos diferentes de IncP-1: IncP-1β e o recentemente descrito IncP-1ε. Estes constituem os primeiros replicões IncP-1 provenientes de ambientes estuarinos a serem detectados e isolados. De seguida, uma comparação e caracterização preliminar genética e fenotípica foi realizada com os plasmídeos purificados, considerando a descrição já conhecida dos dois plasmídeos arquétipos evolutivamente mais próximos, pB10 e pKJK5. Assim, as análises de fragmentos de restrição, determinação da inibição do crescimento do hospedeiro na presença de mercúrio e ensaios de resistência a diferentes antibióticos ajudaram a compreender o elevado interesse que recai nestes plasmídeos revelando a diversidade fenotípica e genotípica. Uma completa descrição de qualquer destes novos plasmídeos pode ter una enorme importância ecológica, evolutiva e biotecnológica, incrementada pela sua procedência dum ambiente não clínico. Portanto este trabalho justifica um estudo em maior profundidade destes replicões promíscuos.
I. CHOLESTEROL AND CHOLESTEROL ESTERS IN DOG BILE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The colorimetric method for the determination of total cholesterol in dog bile is consistently accurate as checked by the oxidative digitonin method. This method has the further advantages of being simple, rapid and economical. A method for the determination of esterified cholesterol in bile is described and it is shown that there are no esters of cholesterol in normal dog bile.
Efficient Removal of Azo Dye from Wastewater Using the Non-Toxic Potassium Ferrate Oxidation–Coagulation Process

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The wastewater effluents from textile industries contain highly toxic metal complex dyes. For instance, azo dye has received significant attention owing to its toxicity and environmental stability. This study investigated the oxidation and coagulation processes to effectively remove azo dye from wastewater effluents. Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) was selected as an oxidant because it has a high oxidation potential, is environmentally stable, and does not generate toxic byproducts. Moreover, it has a combination effect of coagulation and oxidation. Its performance was compared with a single oxidation process (using NaOCl) and a single coagulation process (using FeCl3·6H2O). Based on the jar test experiment, the optimized pH was estimated to be 3 and the optimal dosage was 56.4 mg/L for K2FeO4, and it removed nearly 100% of orange II azo dye (OD) and lissamine green B dye (LGB). However, its removal efficiency decreased when the pH increased to 12. In all processes, dye removal was completed in 5 min of the reaction. Overall, OD and LGB were effectively removed by K2FeO4, compared to the NaOCl and FeCl3·6H2O. This indicates that the combination of oxidation and coagulation of K2FeO4 outperformed the single treatment process without toxic byproduct production.
Implementation of a finite element framework coupling chemo‐mechanics and the Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hydrogen embrittlement in ductile metals, such as steel, is a significant concern, for instance, in the safety assessment of existing pipeline infrastructure intended for hydrogen transport. The ductile damage mechanism in steels is characterized by the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of microvoids, which is further enhanced by the presence of hydrogen. This leads to material damage and premature failure in components. Mechanisms contributing to hydrogen‐induced reduction of strength in steels include hydrogen‐enhanced decohesion (HEDE), hydrogen‐enhanced local plasticity (HELP), and hydrogen‐enhanced strain‐induced vacancies (HESIV). The HEDE mechanism leads to a principal stress‐controlled brittle failure mode. Conversely, the HELP and the HESIV mechanisms, which are dominated by plastic deformation, alter the ductile damage behavior as they lead to accelerated void growth and coalescence. Furthermore, interstitial diffusion of hydrogen leading to lattice expansion, commonly referred to as swelling, also contributes to hydrogen‐induced embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement is therefore a stress‐diffusion process that involves chemo‐mechanical coupling, where hydrogen atoms primarily diffuse toward areas with high hydrostatic stress. In this regard, we propose a framework using the finite element method and combining coupled chemo‐mechanics and the well‐known Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman (GTN) damage model. The framework is motivated by mixed rate‐type potentials, that account for the influence of hydrogen concentration on the damage behavior. An additional dependence of the fracture strain and evolution of the void volume fraction on hydrogen is included. A comparison of the fully‐coupled model to simplified versions is conducted to individually assess the role of hydrogen concentration on damage evolution and the stress state on diffusion.
‘Solo’ large terminal repeats (LTR) of an endogenous retrovirus-like gene family (VL30) in the mouse genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

VL30 genetic elements constitute a murine multicopy gene family that is retrovirus-like, despite the lack of sequence homology with any known retrovirus. Over one hundred copies of VL30 units are dispersed throughout the mouse genome. We report here that the mouse genome also contains 'solo' VL30 long terminal repeats (LTRs). These are structures which contain the LTR detached from the rest of the VL30 sequences. The isolation of solo LTRs from a mouse embryonic gene library with the aid of sub-genomic VL30 probes is described. Direct DNA sequencing established that the solo LTR unit is grossly similar to a standard VL30 LTR and that the LTR is flanked by a 4-base pair duplication. The analogy to the occurrence of solitary LTR units of transposable elements is discussed.
The Role of Landscape Architecture in the Creation and Management of the Environment-Friendly Cities in Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to determine the role of landscape architecture in the creation and management of environment-friendly Korean cities. Landscape architecture has made great contributions to making or planning components such as an environment-friendly layout, conservation of natural resources, creation of open spaces and green areas, green space plans for green networks, creation of biotopes, creation of natural streams, management of cityscapes, and the establishment of cultural and leisure facilities. Landscape architecture has played an important role in the planning of environment-friendly cities in three key aspects preservation, restoration, and creation. Many researchers have concluded that parks and green spaces in cities have ecological, economic, psychological, and social effects. A new and urgent role of landscape architecture should be directed toward coping with the potentially severe impacts of climate change on cities and human settlements. Climate-friendly landscape architecture is needed to tackle potential problems. The new roles of landscape architecture that contribute to making U-eco city should be sought. Landscape architects will have to think about how to integrate ubiquitous technology with ecological soundness in a city.
Nocturnal and diurnal pollination in Copaifera coriacea, a dominant species in sand dunes of the Middle São Francisco River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and aims – Copaifera coriacea, a species in the resin-producing clade Detarioideae (Leguminosae), is an endemic and abundant species found in sand dunes in Brazilian Caatinga domain vegetation – a Quaternary paleodesert. We investigated floral traits and aspects of pollination biology, focusing on the pollination system of C. coriacea. Material and methods – Anthesis duration, stigma receptivity, pollen viability, nectar concentration, and the presence of osmophores and pigments reflecting UV light were assessed. Floral visitors were classified as potential pollinators, occasional pollinators or thieves, based on the time and foraging behaviour and resource collected. Pollination effectiveness were assessed for potential pollinators by the detection of pollen tubes on the stigma or stylar canal by epifluorescence microscopy.Key results – The species has white and small flowers, with anthesis beginning in the dark (ca 00:30) and the flowers are completely opened approximately 3 h later, when a sweet odour is perceptible. The onset of stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability occurs only after the completion of flower opening, and a concentrated nectar is available during the day. The presence of pollen tubes confirmed the efficiency of the main insects in the transfer of pollen. Conclusion – Our result demonstrates that C. coriacea has a generalist pollination system mediated mainly by two distinct guilds of insect pollinators: moths (nocturnal, searching for nectar) and bees (diurnal, pollen collectors). This finding can provide more information about diversification in the genus Copaifera.
P41 Endoscopic management of a symptomatic ileal lipoma facilitated by saline-immersion therapeutic endoscopy at double-balloon enteroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are common, benign and usually present as innocuous findings. Larger ones (>2 cm in diameter), particularly those involving the ileum, may present with clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain (caused by intussusception) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) or obscure GI bleeding (OGIB) (caused by overlying mucosal ulceration); these cases warrant intervention and often end up being referred for surgery. We describe a minimally invasive endoscopic alternative to surgical resection for the management of these lesions. A 60-year-old man presented with recurrent, cramping abdominal pain and OGIB. A magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) revealed a 2.5 cm submucosal lesion in the distal ileum, in keeping with a large lipoma. In light of these findings and the clinical presentation, we perform a saline-immersion retrograde DBE under conscious sedation, for further evaluation and minimally invasive, definitive endotherapy. At DBE the lesion was identified at around 40 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve. The endoscopic appearances revealed a 2.5 cm sessile submucosal, lumen-filling lesion with a positive 'pillow sign'. Although the overlying mucosa appeared mostly unremarkable, a small, healed ulcer (which would account for the patient's IDA and OGIB) was identified on the medial surface of the lesion. Endotherapy was deemed feasible and this was facilitated by the buoyancy properties provided by SITE. In order to reduce the risk of perforation and bleeding, an endoscopic loop ligating device was first deployed tightly at the base of the lesion. A ball-tip, needle-type endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) knife was then used to incise and unroof the lesion. This allowed for exposure and spontaneous extrusion of the lipomatous tissue (already under pressure from the loop-lighting device). Saline-immersion allowed for maintenance of a clear visual field, through avoidance of clouding of the endoscopic lens and flotation of extruded micelles of fatty tissue. A submucosal tattoo and a clip were placed as endoscopic and radiological markers, respectively. The procedure was performed under antibiotic cover. No significant immediate, early or late adverse events were encountered. Histopathological examination of retrieved tissue showed mature adipocytes with fibrofatty submucosal changes, in keeping with a submucosal lipoma. No dysplasia or sarcomatous transformation was identified. The patient's symptoms have resolved completely post-endotherapy. Our case demonstrates the safety and usefulness of minimally invasive endotherapy of symptomatic large ileal lipomas. The combination of DBE with SITE-facilitated unroofing, after securing the lipoma's base with a loop-ligation device, allows for safe, spontaneous extrusion of the benign lipomatous tissue and avoids the need for operative surgery in symptomatic patients.
Web proxy caching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Much work in the analysis of proxy caching has focused on high-level metrics such as hit rates, and has approximated actual reference patterns by ignoring exceptional cases such as connection aborts. Several of these low-level details have a strong impact on performance, particularly in heterogeneous bandwidth environments such as modem pools connected to faster networks. Trace-driven simulation of the modem pool of a large ISP suggests that "cookies" dramatically affect the cachability of resources; wasted bandwidth due to aborted connections can more than offset the savings from cached documents; and using a proxy to keep from repeatedly opening new TCP connections can reduce latency more than simply caching data.
319 Phase II trial of immunotherapy in primary glioblastoma: antigens from self-renewing autologous tumor cells presented by autologous dendritic cell vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundPrimary glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with poor survival. Adjunctive vaccines may improve survival by inducing or enhancing anti-GBM immune responses.MethodsA multi-institutional phase II clinical trial was conducted with a primary objective of 75% survival 15 months after intent-to-treat enrollment. Key eligibility criteria were: (1) primary GBM diagnosis, (2) age &lt; 70 years at time of tumor resection, (3) successful GBM cell culture, (4) successful monocyte collection by leukapheresis, (5) Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) &gt; 70 after surgical recovery. Dendritic cells (DC) were differentiated from autologous monocytes, then incubated with autologous tumor antigens (ATA) from the GBM cell line-lysate to produce each patient-specific DC-ATA vaccine. Doses were suspended in 500 mcg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at the time of subcutaneous injections at weeks 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24. Patients were enrolled just prior to starting standard concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT) for the intent-to-treat after recovery from RT/TMZ.ResultsTumors were collected August 2018-January 2020. Cell line success rate was 71/73 (97%); monocyte collection success rate was 63/65 (97%), but 10 patients required a second leukapheresis. Patients were enrolled for in-to-treat October 2018-February 2020. The 60 patients included 42 men and 18 women with median age of 59 years (range of 27–70). Racial make-up was 43 White, 10 Hispanic, 2 Black, 1 Asian and 3 Other. KPS was 100 in 4, 90 in 25, 80 in 17 and 70 in 14 (mean 83.2). MGMT methylation was present in 13, absent in 31, and unknown in 16; IDH mutation was present in 7, absent in 50, and unknown in 3. 57 patients had received 380 doses with 9 still under treatment at time of abstract submission. 32 had completed all 8 doses; 16 had received fewer than 8 doses when they discontinued treatment. No patient discontinued treatment because of toxicity, but 28 have been hospitalized for 53 treatment-emergent central nervous system-related serious adverse events including seizures (15 episodes), falls and/or increased focal weakness (13 episodes), or severe headaches or visual changes (3 episodes).ConclusionsThis patient-specific DC-ATA approach is feasible and may be increasing intratumor inflammation that is associated with on-target efficacy and/or toxicity. An interim survival analysis will be conducted in October 2020, 15 months after the median patient was enrolled; results will be available November 2020 as will immunologic data for 55 patients who received at least two injections.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials. gov NCT03400917.Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by UCI IRB, approval number 2018-4148.
Preclinical studies and clinical correlation of the effect of alkylating dose.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dose-response studies were performed with the alkylating agents [nitrogen mustard, N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, melphalan, cisplatin (CDDP), 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), and trimethyleneiminethiophosphoramide] in both the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and the EMT6 and FSaIIC murine tumor lines. Increasing selection pressure with the alkylating agents CDDP, melphalan, and 4-HC in vitro produced low levels (6.5- to 9-fold) of drug resistance, despite an intensive and prolonged treatment program. The MCF-7 sublines made resistant to CDDP and 4-HC did not exhibit cross-resistance to other alkylating agents; however, the MCF-7 subline resistant to melphalan was partially cross-resistant to nitrogen mustard, 4-HC, and CDDP. A log-linear relationship was maintained between surviving fraction of MCF-7 cells in culture and drug concentration with alkylating agents, whereas for nonalkylating agents the survival curves tended to plateau at high drug concentrations. Log-linear tumor cell kill was also obtained over a wide dosage range with several alkylating agents in murine tumors treated in vivo. Tumor cell survival assay by colony formation indicated the continuing importance of dose in the action of the drugs even at high levels of tumor cell kill. With some agents, there was a difference between the slopes of the tumor cell killing curves in vivo as compared to in vitro. Cyclophosphamide was far more potent in vitro (4-HC) than in vivo (cyclophosphamide). Trimethyleneiminethiophosphoramide and N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea were both more potent in vivo than in vitro. These differences may be explained by the various metabolic patterns of these drugs. Dose of alkylating agents is clearly a crucial variable particularly where multilog tumor cell kill is the goal, and in this regard, the effect of drug dose on the tumoricidal action of the alkylating agents is substantially greater than for nonalkylating agents.