jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carbonitration of a Tool for Pressing Stainless Steel Pipes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To upgrade the operational stability of the tool at LLC “Karbaz”, Sumy, Ukraine, carbonation of tools and samples for research in melts of salts of cyanates and carbonates of alkali metals at 570–580 °C was carried out to obtain a layer thickness of 0.15–0.25 mm and a hardness of 1000–1150 НV. Tests of the tool in real operating conditions were carried out at the press station at LLC “VO Oscar”, Dnipro, Ukraine. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the feasibility of carbonitriding of thermo-strengthened matrix rings and needle-mandrels to improve their stability, hardness, heat resistance, and endurance. If the stability of matrix rings after conventional heat setting varies around 4–6 presses, the rings additionally subjected to chemical-thermal treatment (carbonitration) demonstrated the stability of 7–9 presses due to higher hardness, heat resistance, the formation of a special structure on the surface due to carbonitration in salt melts cyanates and carbonates. Nitrogen and carbon present in the carbonitrided layer slowed down the processes of transformation of solid solutions and coagulation of carbonitride phases. The high hardness of the carbonitrified layer is maintained up to temperatures above 650 °C. If the stability of the needle-mandrels after conventional heat treatment varies between 50–80 presses, the needles, additionally subjected to chemical-thermal treatment (carbonitration) showed the stability of 100–130 presses due to higher hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, the formation of a special surface structure due to carbonitration in melts of salts of cyanates and carbonates. Keywords: needle-mandrel, matrix ring, pressing, heat treatment, carbonitration.
Haemophilus influenzae glucose respiration assisted fermentation leading to production of the immunometabolite acetate has a key contribution to the host airway-pathogen interplay

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Trabajo presentado en las XII Jornadas de Formación del Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), celebradas en Madrid (España), el 27 de septiembre de 2019
Model-Based Control Algorithm For Lung and Diaphragm Protective Ventilation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces an algorithm that aims to achieve Lung and Diaphragm Protective Ventilation (LDPV) by periodically adjusting the ventilator pressure support. The pressure support is adjusted using a feedback control system that considers periodic estimations of patient effort and lung stress via measurements of the Flow Index and of the Static Driving Pressure. The algorithm developed yields promising results when tested in-silico using a single compartment model; the algorithm is able to achieve and maintain defined LDPV targets in response to applied step changes in patient effort and system mechanics.
Health Systems Research Consortia and the Promotion of Health Equity in Low and Middle‐Income Countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Health systems research is widely identified as an indispensable means to achieve the goal of health equity between and within countries. Numerous health systems research consortia comprised of institutions from high‐income countries and low and middle‐income countries ( LMIC s) are currently undertaking programs of research in LMIC s. These partnerships differ from collaborations that carry out single projects in the multiplicity of their goals, scope of their activities, and nature of their management. Recent conceptual work has explored what features might be necessary for health systems research consortia and their research programs to promote health equity. Identified features include selecting research priorities that focus on improving access to high‐quality health services and/or financial protection for disadvantaged populations in LMIC s and conducting research capacity strengthening that promotes the independent conduct of health systems research in LMIC s. Yet, there has been no attempt to investigate whether existing consortia have such characteristics. This paper describes the results of a survey undertaken with health systems research consortia leaders worldwide to assess how consistent current practice is with the proposed ethical guidance. The findings suggest that consortia may be fairly well organised to promote health equity, but have scope for improvement, particularly in terms of achieving inclusive priority‐setting.
Mass Spectrometric Insight into the Sulfonated Polyaniline Polymerization Assisted by Aniline, Aniline Dimers and Perchloric Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) has good water solubility and can be used as a proton reservoir to retain a high local H+ concentration on the polymer backbone, making it valuable for water-soluble zinc batteries. However, the mechanism of SPAN by electrochemical synthesis lacks experimental data support. Here, the roles of aniline (ANI) and acid in electropolymerization of SPAN were mainly investigated by electrochemical-mass spectrometry, which can directly and in real time detect the target substances in complicated mixtures containing species. Under acid-free conditions, the chain growth of SPAN was mainly driven by ANI and ANI dimer (i.e., N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine). After addition of perchloric acid, a chain growth pathway dominated by o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (oASA) emerged during the reaction, indicating that the reactivity ratio of ANI and oASA was altered. Furthermore, experimental evidence were provided regarding the influence of antioxidant capacity and intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the oASA homopolymerizaiton. These results offer theoretical guidance for optimizing the electropolymerization process of SPAN.
The nuclear rDNA intergenic spacer of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor: structural analysis and allelic polymorphism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The nuclear rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor was amplified and sequenced to identify the source of its intraspecific polymorphism. The IGS was amplified by PCR in several L. bicolor strains and shown to exhibit multiple bands and length polymorphism. The IGS loci were shown to segregate in a 1:1 ratio within haploid progenies in three dikaryotic strains, suggesting that divergent IGS haplotypes were present in the two nuclei of these strains. The two haplotypes of L. bicolor S238N were sequenced: the beta-haplotype was 4160 bp in length, whereas the size of the alpha-haplotype was estimated to be about 4700 bp. These represent the largest published fungal IGS sequences to date. These sequences can be subdivided into three main regions, IGS1, 5S rDNA and IGS2. The IGS sequences are AT-rich and contain numerous occurrences of three types of subrepeats (e.g. T2-AC3). The length polymorphism, observed between the IGS sequence of the alpha- and beta-haplotypes, results from the insertion of various numbers of a 71 bp subrepeat, called B, occurring in IGS2. This variation in subrepeat number suggests that the two haplotypes resulted from unequal cross-overs. The L. bicolor IGS was aligned with IGS sequences of two other Tricholomataceae (i.e. Tricholoma matsutake and Collybia fusipes). No sequence similarity was observed between these IGSs, but homologous subrepeats were found in L. bicolor and T. matsutake. Analysis of IGS length polymorphism is therefore an efficient tool for investigating genetic relationships between genets and within progenies in natural fungal populations.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE COX-2 INHIBITORS ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN SALT-INDUCED HYPERTENSION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hermann, M.1.2; Camici, G.2; Tanner, F.2; Hellermann, J. R1; Fiedler, M.3; Thiery, J.3; Gay, R. E.4; Gay, S.4; Lüscher, T. F.1; Ruschitzka, F.1 Author Information
Luminescent properties of Tb3+- doped P2O5 - Bi2O3 - SrF2 - Na2CO3 glasses for green laser applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of glass with suitable chemical compositions (60-x) P2O5 + 20 Bi2O3 + 10 SrF2 + 10 Na2CO3 + xTb4O7 (x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5and 2.0% by mole) were prepared by using the melt quenching technique. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to confirm the glass phase structure. The glass matrix's distinct functional groups and distinctive bonding vibrations are revealed by the structural study employing the FTIR technique. The EDAX spectrum was used to examine the elements found in the manufactured glass sample. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of the samples have been examined by excitation, emission and decay patterns. The emission studies revealed a significant green emission at 542 nm, which is associated with the Tb3+ ion's 5D4→7F5 transition. Measurements of the decay curves for the 5D4 level of the Tb3+ ion revealed that they were single exponential in character, independent of the dopant concentration. The CIE chromaticity coordinates were revealed that the green emission was predominant in Tb3+- doped phosphate glasses.
[Clinical analysis of a new triphasic estroprogestational combination with gestodene].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

New steroidal compounds have been recently synthetized and analysed in order to improve the metabolic tolerance of oral contraception. Gestodene, a new progestogen from the 19 nortestosterone series seems to fulfil these conditions. It has also high antigonadotropic effects. The authors report the clinical results of a study with a triphasic combination containing Gestodene. Despite the small doses of hormones, this triphasic combination with Gestodene provides excellent contraceptive efficacy and good cycle control and clinical tolerance.
Changes in gait biomechanics and muscular torque after total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritic hip patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Osteoarthritis is a prevalent hip disease primarily affecting older populations, causing pain, muscle weakness, contracture, and gait abnormalities. When conservative treatments have failed, total hip arthroplasty (THA) is often the prescribed treatment to correct osteoarthritic changes. Although THA can reduce pain and improve function, gait abnormalities persist long after surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of THA on hip biomechanics, muscle torque, gait velocity, and pain in osteoarthritic hip patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Methods: Biomechanical gait analysis was completed for 15 THA and 11 healthy control participants using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Gait, hip muscle torque, walking velocity, and pain data were collected during six sessions: preoperatively; and postoperatively, at three and six weeks, and at three and six months. Results: Differences in hip extension angle, external hip extension moment, hip flexion, extension, and abduction torque, walking velocity, and pain were revealed between groups. The THA group demonstrated lower values and significantly higher improvements postoperatively than the experimental group. Initial decreases in hip flexor torque were observed within the first three weeks postoperatively. Six weeks postoperatively, a reduction in pain combined with increased extension angle contributed to improved muscle torque and gait characteristics. Conclusions: Osteoarthritic hip patients demonstrated diminished gait characteristics and muscular torque when compared to controls. While these gait characteristics improved post operatively they did not return to control values with the exception of hip extension and abduction torque, walking velocity, and pain level at six months postoperatively. Key Words: Total hip arthroplasty, hip kinematics, hip kinetics, Harris Hip Function Scale, hip muscle torque
Body Mass Index and Height in Friedreich Ataxia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a recessive disorder predominantly beginning in childhood or adolescence that causes progressive ataxia and dysarthria along with loss of sensation and coordination.1 Cardiomyopathy, scoliosis, diabetes, sensorineural hearing loss, and optic neuropathy are further manifestation of the disease. FRDA is caused by biallelic mutations in the FXN gene, which codes for the protein frataxin. The most common mutation is a biallelic expansion of a naturally occurring guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) repeat in intron 1 (96%), while the remaining 4% of individuals carry 1 expansion along with a point mutation or a deletion. All disease-causing genotypes decrease, but not totally deplete, functional frataxin. FRDA is therefore primarily a disease of frataxin deficiency. Frataxin carries a mitochondrial targeting sequence, and its relative absence leads to the dysfunction of multiple mitochondrial processes. From a mechanistic point of view, all disease manifestations in FRDA reflect dysfunctions downstream of frataxin deficiency and reflect a primary mitochondrial pathology.
Tafsir Era Sahabat: Mengenal Tafsir Ibnu Abbas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The large number of various interpretive books that have appeared today cannot be separated from historical events in the past. There are many schools or schools in the development of the science of interpretation with the aim of studying the history of the dynamics of the development of interpretation. The focus of the study is on ways of thinking, schools, patterns and tendencies that exist in interpretive products. Each interpretive product in each time period has different characteristics from one another. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad saw. The process of interpreting the Koran was continued by the companions of the Prophet. One of them was a very prominent friend of Ibn Abbas, he received the title Tarjuman al-Qur'an which is considered to be the foundation of the science of interpretation. There are several factors why Ibnu Abbas' friend is very prominent in the field of interpretation compared to other friends, including: Ibnu Abbas' intensity in taking knowledge from other friends, Ibnu Abbas' strength and sharpness in ijtihad, and being very serious in pursuing the interpretation of the Koran. an. Thus this study aims to reveal one of the figures of interpretation during the time of the companions, namely Ibn Abbas from various aspects, both in terms of the biography of Ibn Abbas's life, the pattern of interpretation, interpretation, characteristics of interpretation, and others. Tafsir Ibn Abbas covers various branches of Qur'anic science, one of which is the discussion of makki madani, this is also a reference for one of the mufassir of the archipelago, namely Sheikh Nawawi Bantani in writing his tafsir.
Single stage true bridgeless AC/DC power factor corrected converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an isolated single stage converter AC/DC Power Factor Corrected (PFC) converter in two realizations. One is with a full bridge rectifier at its input and the other is a True Bridgeless version. The converter is derived from a topology known as the Davidson Converter that was invented and patented by the author in the early 80s'. This converter topology has very interesting properties that allows creation of efficient single stage isolated PFC converters. Being a boost derived converter it can operate very similarly to a traditional non-isolated PFC boost stage. Also it can accept either polarity of input depending upon the polarity of the primary side switching devices and creates a unipolar output, potentially allowing it to operate as a true bridgeless AC/DC converter. The operation of the converters is examined by Virtual Prototyping using PSIM simulation. A discussion on other considerations for achieving a reliable design with the proposed converters is also given.
Experimental testing of a helical rotor for compost distribution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is well known that a manure spreader must be able to apply manure consistently, effectively and uniformly over the time. An overapplying doze will cause serios environmental problems (pollution) and a sub-applying doze will not contribute to plants growth and the applying of the fertilizer will be a loss. Corroborate with others problems such as maintaining a constant tractor speed, a constant rotational speed of the rotor, a constant and continuous flow of the material make the manure spreading machines an important subject for study and continuously improving . The propose of this study is to test a vertical helicoidal rotor for manure spreading in order to improve the machine distribution uniformity. The relation between the rotor position and rotation sense is a definitory issue for the machine performance. In order to achieve a high distribution uniformity a single helical rotor is tested and a series of possible situations of placing four rotors on the machine are analyzed. The optimal solution is given by two indicators: uniformity of spreading and distribution width. The test were made with an helical rotor having the following characteristics: high=1,1 m, maximum diameter of helical spiral=0.345 m, minimum diameter of the helical spiral= 0.114m, helical pitch=0.3m, inclination angle = 15°. After analyzing four possible situations it is observe that the combination of the maximum uniformity with minimum distribution with is the optimal solution. Experimental were carried out with compost and can be repeatable with others type of solid organic fertilizers, but a new calibration should be done. It is desirable that a trapezoidal, oval or triangle pattern with uniform sloping sides to be achieved. Because most of the spreaders actually produce an oval or triangle distribution pattern it is necessary subsequent passes that increase the time for fertilization operation.
Column-chromatographic analysis of naturally fluorescing compounds. 3. Rapid analysis of serotonin and tryptamine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A previously described [ Clin. Chem. 18, 778 (1972)] chromatographic separation and fluorimetric detection system has been adapted to the determination of serotonin and tryptamine. A strong cation-exchange resin, Aminex A-6, is used. At a column temperature of 60 °C, serotonin and tryptamine are eluted in 0.5 and 1.0 h, respectively, with an ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer solution (6 mol of acetate per liter). The sensitivity of the detector allows reliable quantitation of 100 ng of each amine in the sample loaded onto the column.
Phenoconversion from Spastic Paraplegia to ALS/FTD Associated with CYP7B1 Compound Heterozygous Mutations

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Biallelic mutations in the CYP7B1 gene lead to spastic paraplegia-5 (SPG5). We report herein the case of a patient whose clinical symptoms began with progressive lower limb spasticity during childhood, and who secondly developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) at the age of 67 years. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) gene analysis identified the compound heterozygous mutations c.825T>A (pTyr275*) and c.1193C>T (pPro398Leu) in CYP7B1 gene. No other pathogenic variant in frequent ALS/FTD causative genes was found. The CYP7B1 gene seems, therefore, to be the third gene associated with the phenoconversion from HSP to ALS, after the recently described UBQLN2 and ERLIN2 genes. We therefore expand the phenotype associated with CYP7B1 biallelic mutations and make an assumption about a link between cholesterol dyshomeostasis and ALS/FTD.
Constitution of Republika Srpska and Unconstitutional Deprivation of Natural Persons’ Ability to Postulate // Ustav Republike Srpske i neustavno oduzimanje postulacione sposobnosti fizičkim licima u parničnom postupku

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One unconstitutional situation caused by unconstitutional article 301b. of the Law on civil procedure is subject of this paper. Limitation of the constitutional right of any party to postulate in front of the court in civil procedure is prescribed in Republika Srpska in 2013, by article 301b, despite the fact that such limitation is not prescribed in the Constitution of Republika Srpska. Author in the paper, having used comparative metod to get full knowledge of this problem, analyse relevant provisions of the Constitution of Republika Srbija, in order to explain that same problem exist there also. After that the provisions of the Constitution of Republika Srpska are analysed, because from these provisions can be made conclusion on unconstitutionality of article 301b. of the Law on civil procedure. In the final part the author gives proposal how to solve this unconstitutional situation.
SenseTrust: A Sentiment Based Trust Model in Social Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online social networks, as popular media and communications tools with their own extensive uses, play key roles in public opinion polls, politics, economy, and even governance. An important issue regarding these networks is the use of multiple sources of publishing or re-publishing news and propositions that can influence audiences depending on the level of trust in these sources between users. Therefore, estimating the level of trust in social networks between users can predict the extent of social networks’ impact on news and different publication and re-publication sources, and correspondingly provide effective strategies in news dissemination, advertisements, and other diverse contents for trustees. Therefore, trust is introduced and interpreted in the present study. A large portion of interactions in social networks is based on sending and receiving texts employing natural language processing techniques. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was designed via an efficient model, namely SenseTrust, to estimate the level of trust between users in social networks.
Systematic literature searching in policy relevant, inter‐disciplinary reviews: an example from culture and sport

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within the systematic review process, the searching phase is critical to the final synthesis product, its use and value. Yet, relatively little is known about the utility of different search strategies for reviews of complex, inter‐disciplinary evidence. This article used a recently completed programme of work on cultural and sporting engagement to conduct an empirical evaluation of a comprehensive search strategy. Ten different types of search source were evaluated, according to three dimensions: (i) effectiveness in identifying relevant studies; (ii) efficiency in identifying studies; and (iii) adding value by locating studies that were not identified by any other sources. The study found that general bibliographic databases and specialist databases ranked the highest on all three dimensions. Overall, websites and journals were the next most valuable types of source. For reviewers, these findings highlight that general and specialist databases should remain a core component of the comprehensive search strategy, supplemented with other types of sources that can efficiently identify unique or grey literature. For policy makers and other research commissioners, this study highlights the value of methodological analysis for improving the understanding of, and practice in, policy relevant, inter‐disciplinary systematic reviews. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Letter from A. W. Kirkland, Atlanta, Birmingham, and Atlantic Railway Company, Fitzgerald, Georgia, to A. H. Woodward, Woodward Iron Company, Woodward, Alabama, April 19, 1926

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This item is from the Woodward Family Papers, an extensive collection, including personal correspondence, financial records, photographs, and other materials of this Birmingham, Alabama family that operated the Woodward Iron Company.