jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantitative study of rainfall lag effects and integration of machine learning methods for groundwater level prediction modelling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Groundwater level (GWL) is a significant indicator for quantifying groundwater availability. Currently, hydrologists worldwide are actively engaged in modelling and predicting GWL. In karst regions, GWL exhibit varying responses to rainfall events across different locations and the impact of rainfall events on GWL within the same location also varies. Despite incorporating rainfall as an input variable, most existing data‐driven GWL prediction models inadequately account for the spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of karst water areas. Therefore, this study proposes a new analysis method to investigate the response patterns of GWL to rainfall events in karst regions with typical spatio‐temporal variations, known as the sensitivity analysis of rainfall‐GWL response. The method introduces the rainfall response coefficient to describe the response characteristics of GWL to rainfall. Through the rainfall response coefficient, the rainfall response variable (RR) is calculated and incorporates it as an input in the RR‐long short‐term memory (LSTM) GWL prediction model. The effectiveness of proposed method was validated by GWL prediction in karst aquifers located in Jinan City, China, renowned for its spatial–temporal heterogeneity in karst development. Through the analysis and validation conducted by integrating geographical multi‐feature, the study revealed a significant improvement in the accuracy of the RR‐LSTM model after integrating RR as a variable, particularly during significant rainfall events. These findings affirm that the method proposed in this study is highly effective in karst regions characterized by anisotropic karst features.
The Culture Critic Tendencies in the Context of German Philosophical Anthropology: on the Example of A. Gehlen’s Works

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cultural criticism is a special critical paradigm, which is characterised by its rep­resentatives’ understanding of culture as a force that abolishes human subjectivity and freedom, replacing the idea of man as an end, turning him into a means. Cultu­ral criticism as an ideological current finally took shape in the context of the global historical events that engulfed Germany in the beginning of the 20th century: the collapse of the German Empire, the establishing of the Weimar Republic, two world wars, etc. Representatives of cultural criticism, who rejected the pro­gressive attitudes of the Enlightenment, characterise Modern bourgeois culture in terms of total massification, specialisation and rationalisation of human ac­tions. The article records the connection between cultural criticism and another branch of thought that emerged in Germany around the same time – philosophi­cal anthropology. The major part of the article is devoted to analysing the cul­tural-critical theses of one of the key representatives of philosophical anthropo­logy – Arnold Gehlen. The key anthropological conclusions of Gehlen are revealed, which underlie his postwar sociology and analysis of the modern era. The article pays particular attention to Gehlen’s thoughts on the role of techno­logy as a key force in the new industrial culture. Gehlen not only records the state of large-scale crisis, but also tries to understand its causes and consequences, looking for options for human preservation in the current chaos. The author’s task is to reveal Gehlen not as a pessimist engaged in criticism for the sake of criticism, but as a full-fledged diagnostician of the era, offering a comprehen­sive analysis of it.
Contingency Analysis and Security Constraint based Optimal Power Flow in Power Network

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The objective of the present work is to observe the application of security constraint optimal power flow (SCOPF) technique in contingency management of power system. The contingency situations in power networks such as line outages and generation outages have been managed by using SCOPF solutions. The generation levels of various generators have been optimally rescheduled during contingent situation using SCOPF based load dispatch technique. In SCOPF, various other system constraints such as congestion, voltage deviation, and loss minimization have also been taken into account to achieve economic performance in the system. The interior point method (IPM) technique has been used to obtain the test results. The IPM based SCOPF methodology has been tested on an IEEE-9 bus system. The obtained test results show that the IPM based SCOPF technique provides efficient solutions for economic load dispatch in power network during normal and contingent situation of line and generation outages.
Retinal vasculitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Nearly all etiologies of intermediate, posterior or panuveitis may be associated with retinal vasculitis. The clinical analysis of different inflammatory markers is the first step for diagnostic orientation and further work‐up. Different cases will be discussed in an interactive manner in order to highlight the vascular type of involvement, associated vitreous inflammation, macular edema, retinal or choroidal lesions such as granuloma or ischemia. A systemic autoimmune, autoinflammatory or infectious disease have also to be taken into consideration. Therapeutic options remain significantly large, ranging from close monitoring to corticosteroids, different types of immunosuppressors, biolgics, antimicrobials, anti‐ VEGF s, laser photocoagulation and rarely vitrectomy. Prognosis is variable based on etiology, diagnostic delay and therapeutic efficacy.
Accurate and Efficient Simulation of Microfluidic Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microfluidics is a prospective field which provides technological advances to the life sciences. However, the design process for microfluidic devices is still in its infancy and frequently results in a "trial-and-error" scheme. In order to overcome this problem, simulation methods provide a powerful solution---allowing for deriving a design, validating its functionality, or exploring alternatives without the need of an actual fabricated and costly prototype. To this end, several physical models are available such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) or the 1-dimensional analysis model. However, while CFD-simulations have high accuracy, they also have high costs with respect to setup and simulation time. On the other hand, the 1D-analysis model is very efficient but lacks in accuracy when it comes to certain phenomena. In this work, we present ideas to combine these two models and, thus, to provide an accurate and efficient simulation approach for microfluidic networks. A case study confirms the general suitability of the proposed approach.
LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME 12 LOCI IN CROHN'S DISEASE FAMILIES.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

57 Background: Crohn's Disease is a multifactorial disease involving both genetic and environmental factors. A previous genome scan linkage analysis has localised a susceptibility locus for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) on chromosome 12q21. This result was not uniformly confirmed in other populations. Aim: to determine if our set of European families may confirm the previously published linkage and linkage disequilibrium data on chromosome 12. Patients and methods: 58 multiplex families with several affected CD members were genotyped for 13 microsatellite markers evenly spread along the chromosome 12. Genotyping data were analyzed using a multipoint non parametric linkage analysis method (GENEHUNTER). Twenty five additional CD families were also genotyped for the D12S83 locus increasing the total number of affected sib-pairs to 80. At this locus, the identity by descent between affected sibs was determined and a transmission disequilibrium test was performed. Results: The 58 CD families did not exhibit evidence of linkage at any point of chromosome 12 (maximum non parametric lodscore = 0.21, p=0.4). At D12S83, corresponding to the maximum of the linkage tests in previously published data, the non parametric lodscore value was -0.36 (p=0.66). At this point, using the 80 affected sib-pairs, the mean of alleles shared was 0.48(X2 = 0.06, p=0,83) and the transmission disequilibrium test was not significant for any allele tested. Conclusion: These data do not confirm the previously reported linkage on chromosome 12 for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. This result may reflect genetic heterogeneity between European populations.
Linked collectors and determiners for: New species of Lachesilla (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Lachesillidae), in species group corona, from southern Mexico and Central America.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New species of Lachesilla (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Lachesillidae), in species group corona, from southern Mexico and Central America". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/e7e981cf-0238-4fec-9d4d-f03a5ae449ea using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/e7e981cf-0238-4fec-9d4d-f03a5ae449ea. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Matching ESL and Content Classes for Successful Community College Service-Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article outlines an ongoing collaborative service-learning project conducted at Chaffey College in Rancho Cucamonga, California. The project involves matching ESL students with sociology students for several interviews during one semester. The sociology students interview the ESL students to collect real-world data by which to examine sociological concepts. The ESL students practice their listening and speaking during these interviews and are exposed to American culture and difficult vocabulary. At the beginning of the semester both groups are apprehensive. The sociology students are uncomfortable with what they consider an atypical classroom activity and the ESL students are self-conscious about their speaking abilities. At the end of each semester, however, reflections have shown that the ESL students have increased confidence in their ability to communicate in English and the sociology students have an increased awareness of a variety of cultures. This project has proven to be beneficial to all participants.
Post-traumatic intestinal obstruction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The roentgenographic and pathologic findings in three patients with delayed post-traumatic intestinal obstruction are described. The pertinent literature also is reviewed to delineate the variable pathophysiology of the clinical phenomenon. As a result of the increasing incidence of blunt trauma in our society, the problem of occult intra-abdominal injury resulting in subsequent clinical disease always should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting later with intestinal complaints. Once considered, routine roentgenologic evaluation usually is diagnostic, and arteriographic evaluation should be considered if the diagnosis is strongly suspected in the face of normal contrast studies. If intestinal obstruction is diagnosed, operative treatment is indicated, simple, and effective.
Distribution and developmental changes in Neuropeptide-Y and Y1 receptor-immunoreactivity cells in the duck bursa of Fabricius

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Playing significant roles within the neuroimmune crosstalk,neuropeptide-Y(NPY) and its Y1 receptor(Y1) have been found in the thymus and spleen of many vertebrates,but their distribution and developmental changes have not been defined in the bursa of Fabricius.In this study,the distribution and developmental changes in NPY and Y1 immunoreactivity(-ir) cells in the duck bursa of Fabricius during the embryonic and post embryonic development were investigated using immunohistochemistry associated with morphometric analysis.NPYand Y1-ir cells were recognized in the duck bursa as early as embryonic on day 26 and 22,respectively.NPY-ir cells were detected in the mucosal epithelium,the lymphoid follicle,the vascular vessel and muscle layer.Y1-ir cells were also observed in the mucosal epithelium and lymphoid follicle.The number of NPY and Y1-ir cells in the different bursal compartments presented age-related changes.These results suggest that the possible interaction between NPY and Y1 may take place within the duck bursa of Fabricius mainly during the post embryonic development,which might be of great importance to the differentiation and development of B lymphocyte,as well as the involution of the duck bursa of Fabricius.
Overvoltage Mechanism and Suppression Method for LCC-HVDC Rectifier Station Caused by Sending End AC Faults

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter analyzes the mechanism of the AC bus overvoltage at the LCC-HVDC rectifier station caused by the sending-end AC faults. Firstly, the influence of commutation failure on relevant electrical quantities is analyzed. After the commutation failure disappears, the inverter switches to constant current control. Under the joint action of the constant current control of the rectifier, the DC current and the trigger angle of the rectifier decrease rapidly, which reduces the reactive power absorbed by the rectifier. With the recovery of HVDC transmission capacity, the sending end AC bus voltage sharply rises, which increases the reactive power output of the filter. Reactive power redundancy occurs in the sending end AC bus leading to overvoltage. The suppression method proposed in this letter can effectively increase the reactive power absorbed by the LCC-HVDC rectifier during fault recovery. Besides, the method can also significantly enhance the minimum value of the inverter extinction angle and avoid possible commutation failure. The effectiveness and applicability of the strategy are confirmed through Electromagnetic Transient simulation.
Phase I/II trial of bortezomib plus docetaxel in patients with advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4654 Background: Docetaxel is a microtubule stabilizing agent with documented clinical activity in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Bortezomib (Velcade, formerly PS-341) is a small molecule that is a potent and reversible proteasome inhibitor with evidence of anti-tumor activity in prostate cancer models. Following completion of the phase I portion of this study during which MTD was not reached, we evaluated two dose levels in expanded phase II cohorts. We report the results from the low expanded cohort. Methods: From 6/02 to 4/03, 31 patients (pts) were enrolled. Eligible pts had androgen-independent prostate cancer with radiologic and/or biochemical evidence of progression following antiandrogen withdrawal with castrate testosterone levels, KPS ≥ 60% and adequate organ function; prior systemic therapy was permitted. Docetaxel with standard dexamethasone premedication was given at 40 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8. Bortezomib was given 24 hours after docetaxel at of dose of 1.3 mg/m2 IV push on days 2 and 9. Treatment was repeated every 21 days. Results: Median age was 67 (53–81), median KPS was 85% (60–90%), and median pre-therapy PSA value was 270. Nineteen pts had prior chemotherapy, 14 with a taxane containing regimen. Therapy was well tolerated with grade 3 diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, hyperglycemia, neutropenia and fatigue seen in less than 5% of patients. Twenty-two patients are currently evaluable for response. Eight of 22 (36%) (90% CI 20–56) had a ≥ 50% decline in PSA from baseline and 5 of the 8 had a 90% or greater decline. Two of 12 (17%) patients with measurable disease achieved a partial response. Conclusions: Docetaxel + bortezomib was well tolerated at this dose and schedule, and showed promising activity in this population. Evaluation of a cohort receiving docetaxel at 40 mg/m2 + bortezomib 1.6 mg/m2 is ongoing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis; Millennium Pharmacueticals Glaxo Aventis; Celgene AstraZeneca; Aventis; Genentech; Millennium
The Provision of School Library Resources in a Changing Environment: A Case Study from Gauteng Province, South Africa.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1. Education in transition Before 1994 education in South Africa was divided along racial lines. There were separate departments of education for whites, coloureds (people of mixed decent), Indians (people of East Indian decent), and blacks (black Africans). Education for white children was much better funded than any of the others. The quality of the education that white children enjoyed was also much better as schools were better equipped, teachers were better qualified and classes were smaller. This inequality also applied to school library provision. All white schools had well-equipped libraries and full-time teacher-librarians. A start was made with libraries in the other departments, but , for example, only secondary schools for black learners had libraries. Black primary schools were just provided with classroom collections.
Different glucose metabolic brain networks between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Health Control based on graph theory

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recently, more evidences manifest that the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) of unimpaired individual may represent first symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the differences of intrinsic glucose metabolic functional connectivity between SCD and healthy subject (HC) groups from the perspective of brain network topology. In this study we attained 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) scans from Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China, including 85 SCD subjects (male = 16, mean age = 66, MMSE = 28.4) and 74 HC subjects (male = 37, mean age = 65,MMSE=29.0). Graph theory method has been used in this study. Network parameters, including global efficiency, local efficiency, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, betweenness centrality, sigma and modularity were calculated and compared between two groups. As a result, both SCD and HC groups showed the small-world property. Meanwhile, SCD showed loss of small-world properties, for example, sigma in SCD was significantly lower than HC (p<0.05). In addition, the clustering coefficient and local efficiency of SCD were both higher than HC significantly (p<0.05). In contrast, the characteristic path length and global efficiency of SCD were lower than HC, which led to the regularization of brain network in SCD group. Furthermore, we found global modularity of SCD was lower than HC and the number of modules also decreased. Our findings suggested that there exist differences in glucose metabolic brain network between two groups, demonstrating that the graph theory analysis method could be useful and helpful to predict risks in the preclinical stage of AD.
Isolation and purification of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from Orbicularia orbiculata / Marini binti Ibrahim

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in bivalves which belong to the phase II detoxification metabolism, have an advantage to be used as biomarkers of aquatic pollution. The preliminary study was to isolate and purify the GSTs from Malaysian bivalve, Orbicularia orbiculata or locally known as Siput Lala. The GST enzyme was purified by using two different matrices of affinity chromatography which were GSTrapTM HP and GSH-agarose (C3). Total proteins attained from both eluates were 0.24±0.003mg and 0.12±0.07mg for GSTrapTM HP column and GSH-agarose (C3) column, respectively. Of the enzyme activity, 18% was retained on the GSTrapTM HP column and gave purification factor of 60.2-fold. Meanwhile 16% was retained on the GSH-agarose (C3) column and gave purification factor of 89.4-fold. SDS-PAGE analysis suggested the isolated GSTs from GSTrapTM HP have two subunits molecular weight of 27 kDa and 26 kDa, while GSH-agarose (C3) eluted GSTs resulted in a band (26kDa). 2D gel analysis indicated the both matrices bound different isoforms of GST. GSTrapTM HP resolved into ten spots while GSH-agarose (C3) resolved into six spots, suggesting the variation of bound GSTs using different matrices with different length of spacer. There were six similar spots from both columns at lower molecular weight (26 kDa), meanwhile four extra spots from GSTrapTM HP appeared at higher molecular weight (27 kDa). Substrate specificities indicated that both bound GST isoforms active towards 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 3, 4-dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB) and ethacrynic acid (EA). This study had not shown the extra spots gained in GSTrapTM HP active towards other GST substrates such as 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde (NCA), trans-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one (PBO), p-nitrobenzyl chloride (NBC) and sulfobromophthalein (BSP).
Discovery of an Isolated Compact Object at High Galactic Latitude

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report discovery of a compact object at high Galactic latitude. The object was initially identified as a ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog X-ray source, 1RXS J141256.0+792204, statistically likely to possess a high X-ray to optical flux ratio. Further observations using {\em Swift}, Gemini-North, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory refined the source position and confirmed the absence of any optical counterpart to an X-ray to optical flux ratio of F_X/F_V > 8700 (3 sigma). Interpretation of 1RXS J141256.0+792204 -- which we have dubbed Calvera -- as a typical X-ray-dim isolated neutron star would place it at z ~ 5.1 kpc above the Galactic disk -- in the Galactic halo -- implying that it either has an extreme space velocity (v_z >~ 5100 km s-1) or has failed to cool according to theoretical predictions. Interpretations as a persistent anomalous X-ray pulsar, or a ``compact central object'' present conflicts with these classes' typical properties. We conclude the properties of Calvera are most consistent with those of a nearby (80 to 260 pc) radio pulsar, similar to the radio millisecond pulsars of 47 Tuc, with further observations required to confirm this classification. If it is a millisecond pulsar, it has an X-ray flux equal to the X-ray brightest millisecond pulsar (and so is tied for highest flux); is the closest northern hemisphere millisecond pulsar; and is potentially the closest known millisecond pulsar in the sky, making it an interesting target for X-ray-study, a radio pulsar timing array, and LIGO.
“A stone wall out of the earth that thundering cannon cannot destroy"? Bastion and Moat at the Castle, Cape Town

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although the urgency with which the Dutch East India Company administration at the Cape built defensive works was a direct result of their fear of attack from both land and sea, there was an additional imperative, for the Castle at Cape Town stood as a symbol of Dutch colonial aspirations. In this paper, we compare written and material texts of one part of the Castle's architecture to show firstly, how the discordances between such sources can reveal an underside of early colonization and secondly, how the Castle moat, in the seventeenth century a stamp of aspirant power, was by the mid-nineteenth century a dump and a public nuisance.