jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Enhancing effect of thyroxine on tumor growth and metastases in syngeneic mouse tumor systems.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We studied the effect of thyroxine treatment on tumor growth and metastases resulting from tumor implants on the hind feet of mice in two syngeneic systems. In control, untreated A/Jax mice, tumor Sarcoma 1 at Day 14 after implantation had average tumor weight of 582 +/- 60 (S.D.) mg and showed an incidence of 57% metastases to regional popliteal nodes and 5% metastases to thymus. In contrast, the thyroxine-treated group (40 microgram/mouse s.c., 5 times/week for 1 month) had an average tumor weight of 808 +/- 56 mg (p less than 0.001), and metastases to popliteal nodes and thymus were 90 and 35%, respectively. In another syngeneic tumor system, Lewis fibrosarcoma was implanted in C57BL/6J mice, and the tumor weight and metastatic index (derived from the number and size of the pulmonary tumor foci) were determined at Day 28. Again, the synthetic L-thyroxine treated group showed a significant enhancement tumor growth and metastatic index. The mean tumor weight in the treated group was 385 +/- 26 mg (control, 694 +/- 25 mg; p less than 0.005) and metastatic index was 84 +/- 29 (control, 30 +/- 25; p less than 0.001). Induced hypothyroidism (treatment with 131I, 100 microCi/mouse i.p.) showed the reverse effect on both tumor systems. These results suggest that both tumor systems are dependent on thyroid hormones for their growth and spread.
A Diffusion Process on Riemannian Manifold for Visual Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Robust visual tracking for long video sequences is a research area that has many important applications. The main challenges include how the target image can be modeled and how this model can be updated. In this paper, we model the target using a covariance descriptor, as this descriptor is robust to problems such as pixel-pixel misalignment, pose and illumination changes, that commonly occur in visual tracking. We model the changes in the template using a generative process. We introduce a new dynamical model for the template update using a random walk on the Riemannian manifold where the covariance descriptors lie in. This is done using log-transformed space of the manifold to free the constraints imposed inherently by positive semidefinite matrices. Modeling template variations and poses kinetics together in the state space enables us to jointly quantify the uncertainties relating to the kinematic states and the template in a principled way. Finally, the sequential inference of the posterior distribution of the kinematic states and the template is done using a particle filter. Our results shows that this principled approach can be robust to changes in illumination, poses and spatial affine transformation. In the experiments, our method outperformed the current state-of-the-art algorithm - the incremental Principal Component Analysis method, particularly when a target underwent fast poses changes and also maintained a comparable performance in stable target tracking cases.
Chitinispirillales

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chi.ti.ni.spi.ril.la'les. N.L. neut. n. Chitinispirillum , a bacterial genus; ‐ ales , ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Chitinispirillales , the order whose nomenclatural type is the genus Chitinispirillum . Type genus : Chitinispirillum Sorokin et al. 2016, VL170. Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the order Chitinispirillales is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Fibrobacterota / Chitinispirillia / Chitinispirillales The order Chitinispirillales can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as o__Chitinivibrionales (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Fibrobacterota / c__Chitinivibrionia / o__Chitinivibrionales * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Highly strong carbon fibers through synergistic carbonization process of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and carbon nanotube

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of high-performance carbon nanotube-polyphenylene sulfide (CNT-PPS) composite fibers. The study begins by dissolving PPS in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) to create dopes suitable for wet-spinning, enabling the formation of CNT-PPS composite fibers. The presence of PPS, known for its low solubility and high crystallinity, leads to improved mechanical properties and thermal stability after carbonization. The structural evolution of the fibers during heat treatment is examined. The results show that the fibers' tensile strength and modulus increase significantly after carbonization, with the highest tensile strength (6.04 ± 0.50 GPa) achieved by fibers containing 30 wt% of PPS heat-treated at 1400 °C and the highest tensile modulus (619 ± 44 GPa) achieved by fibers containing 10 wt% of PPS heat-treated at 2500 °C. The mechanism of radical coupling between CNTs and PPS during de-sulfonation is proposed as a key factor contributing to the enhanced mechanical properties. The study also highlights the benefits of using PPS as a carbon fiber precursor, eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming stabilization processes. Overall, this research offers a novel strategy for producing high-performance and cost-effective carbon nanotube-based carbon fibers with applications in various industries.
Undescended Testicle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

JBoiUA 169 signs of any abnormality in the central nervous system.The blood-pressure was known to have been within normal limits previously.The patient was put to bed and sedated, but it was later found that she could not be roused; when seen again by her doctor two hours after the first examination she was comatose, with a blood-pressure of 170/100 mm.Hg; the patient was sent to hospital, but died very shortly after admission.Post-mortem examination showed a haemor- rhage in the left cerebral hemisphere disrupting the internal capsule and adjacent areas of the left corpus striatum.No other abnormality was found-in particular, no intracranial aneurysms -and no evidence of long-standing hypertension.-We are, etc.,
Accepted (Day Month Year)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of resolving genotypes into haplotypes, under the perfect phylogeny model, has been under intensive study recently. All studies so far handled missing data entries in a heuristic manner. We prove that the perfect phylogeny haplotype problem is NPcomplete when some of the data entries are missing, even when the phylogeny is rooted. We define a biologically motivated probabilistic model for genotype generation and for the way missing data occur. Under this model, we provide an algorithm, which takes an expected polynomial time. In tests on simulated data, our algorithm quickly resolves the genotypes under high rates of missing entries.
Distribution of Personal Names in the Land of Israel and Transjordan during the Iron II Period

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study reports the geographical distribution of personal names in the Land of Israel and Transjordan during the Iron II Period (ca. tenth century B.C.E. to 586 B.C.E., according to the traditional chronology). In contrast with previous onomastic studies, the emphasis here is geographic and therefore only names from archaeological excavations are used. 799 names from 66 sites are collected and grouped as theophoric names, hypocoristic (abbreviated) theophoric names, or other. The theophoric names are further sorted into seven subgroups comprising the five theophoric elements yhw, yh, yw, bʿl, ʾl, divine appellatives, and god names other than Yahweh. Finally, the data are presented in a series of maps showing the geographic distribution of name types and its evolution over time. This work shows how names can be used to track historical ethnic trends. yhw and yh are unique Judean elements. Furthermore, names from major Judean sites show a characteristic mixture of theophoric elements that is substantially unchanged across all the Judean sites studied but different from that found in Samaria. Additionally, yw is an element unique to Israel and the bʿl element is also found there. ʾl is a dominant but not unique Ammonite element. Qws is a unique Edomite element. The use of god names other than Yahweh in ancient Israel was very limited.
RF Capillary Jet ‐ a Tool for Localized Surface Treatment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The UV/VUV spectrum of a non‐thermal capillary plasma jet operating with Ar at ambient atmosphere and the temperature load of a substrate exposed to the jet have been measured. The VUV radiation is assigned to N, H, and O atomic lines along with an Ar * 2 excimer continuum. The absolute radiance (115‐200 nm) of the source has been determined. Maximum values of 880 μW/mm 2 sr are obtained. Substrate temperatures range between 35 °C for low powers and high gas flow conditions and 95 °C for high powers and reduced gas flow. The plasma source (13.56, 27.12 or 40.78 MHz) can be operated in Ar and in N 2 . The further addition of a low percentage of silicon containing reactive admixtures has been demonstrated for thin film deposition. Several further applications related to surface modification have been successfully applied. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantifying the effects of climate extremes on the future yield gap

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Future yield is expected to be affected by climate change via changes in climatic variable means (notably changes in temperature and precipitation), but more importantly, via changes in frequencies and amplitudes of extremes on various spatiotemporal scales (like frosts, droughts, heat waves). Quantification of effects of extremes and future changes therein is very relevant to estimate effects on the current and future yield gap. Approach (cont.) 2/ Quantification We use output of several GCMs consisting of time series (2010-2100) of six climate variables driven by different high and low end scenarios. This represents uncertainty w.r.t climate processes and CO2 emissions.
Polymerization of N‐carboxyanhydrides of various α‐amino acids using secondary amines as initiator

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the polymerizations of alanine, γ‐ethyl glutamate, and leucine N ‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA's) initiated by tertiary amines and some secondary amines such as N ‐methyl‐ L ‐alanine dialkylamide, a stereoselectivity was observed: the polymerization rates of L ‐ and D ‐NCA's were identical to each other and larger than that of DL ‐NCA. However, this selectivity was not observed in the polymerizations of valine and isoleucine NCA's initiated by N ‐methyl‐ L ‐alanine dialkylamide. The stereoselective polymerizations of valine and isoleucine NCA's were induced only with tetriary amines such as tri‐ n ‐butylamine. N ‐Methyl‐ L ‐alanine di‐alkylamide has been shown to initiate the polymerization of usual α‐amino acid NCA according to the activated‐NCA mechanism, but it initiated the polymerizations of valine and isoleucine NCA's according to the primary amine‐type mechanism. This is because in the latter NCA's the N–H group is masked by the adjacent C β ‐branched alkyl substituent against the approach of the secondary amine. Poly( DL ‐alanine)s produced in the stereoselective polymerization had higher viscosities and were more stereoblock‐like than those produced without the stereoselectivity. These experimental results indicate that the stereoselective polymerization is possible only when the polymerization proceeds through the activated‐NCA mechanism.
Effect of consuming a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage on health-related biomarkers and safety parameters in Caucasian subjects with elevated levels of blood pressure and liver function biomarkers: a 4-week, open-label, non-comparative trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An open-label study with one treatment arm was conducted to investigate changes in health-related biomarkers (blood pressure and liver enzyme activity) and the safety of 4 weeks of consuming a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage in Caucasian subjects. Twenty healthy adults, 18-70 years of age, with a body mass index >25 kg/m(2), elevated blood pressure and elevated levels of liver function biomarkers consumed two cartons of purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage (125 ml, including 117 mg anthocyanin per carton) daily for 4 weeks. Hematology, serum clinical profile, dipstick urinalysis and blood pressure were determined before consumption, at 2 and 4 weeks of consumption and after a 2-week washout period. A trend was found toward lowering systolic blood pressure during the treatment period (p=0.0590). No significant changes were found in diastolic blood pressure throughout the study period. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower after 4 weeks of consumption compared with before consumption (p=0.0125) and was significantly higher after the 2-week washout period compared with after consumption (p=0.0496). The serum alanine aminotransferase level significantly increased over time, but aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase levels stayed within the normal range of reference values. Safety parameters of the blood and urine showed no clinically relevant changes. The consumption of a purple-fleshed sweet potato beverage for 4 weeks resulted in no clinically relevant changes in safety parameters of the blood and urine and showed a trend toward lowering systolic blood pressure.
Fertility history and quality of life in older women and men

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this paper we examine associations between the fertility histories of older British women and men and their quality of life using data on a sample of 6,374 men and women born between 1923 and 1949 drawn from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Quality of life in 2001 was measured using scores from the four subscales of the CASP-19 questionnaire: control, autonomy, pleasure and self-realisation. Fertility histories were derived using information on the births of children collected in all waves of the BHPS. The aspects of fertility history investigated were number of children born and parents' ages at birth of first and last child. Age, education, marital status, tenure status, smoking, co-residence with one or more children, perceived social support and health limitations were included as covariates. The results suggested that early entry to parenthood and to some extent high parity were related to poorer quality of life. These associations were mostly mediated by socio-economic, social support and health factors. Compared to women with two children, nulliparous women expressed a higher level of autonomy, and both nulliparous women and those with four or more children a higher level of self-realisation. Low parity was related to a lower level of pleasure, especially among men, but this relationship appeared weaker and among women was not significant when background factors were controlled.
Psycholinguistic Studies in Dravidian Languages

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The field of psycholinguistics aims to discover the psychological mechanisms that enable people to acquire, comprehend, and produce any human language. Speakers of different languages face different acquisition and processing challenges because languages can vary considerably in their vocabulary, meanings, sound and grammatical structures, and patterns of language use. Therefore, psycholinguistic theory must be founded on empirical research investigating typologically and genetically diverse languages. The chapter provides a survey of language acquisition and processing research conducted in Dravidian languages with the aim of highlighting the range of research that has been conducted in these languages and indicating possible lines of future inquiry.
An evolutionary structural optimization algorithm for the analysis of light automobile parts using a meshless technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of the present work is to develop the combination of the radial point interpolation method (RPIM) with a bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) algorithm and extend it to the analysis of benchmark examples and automotive industry applications. Design/methodology/approach A BESO algorithm capable of detecting variations in the stress level of the structure, and thus respond to those changes by reinforcing the solid material, is developed. A meshless method, the RPIM, is used to iteratively obtain the stress field. The obtained optimal topologies are then recreated and numerically analyzed to validate its proficiency. Findings The proposed algorithm is capable to achieve accurate benchmark material distributions. Implementation of the BESO algorithm combined with the RPIM allows developing innovative lightweight automotive structures with increased performance. Research limitations/implications Computational cost of the topology optimization analysis is constrained by the nodal density discretizing the problem domain. Topology optimization solutions are usually complex, whereby they must be fabricated by additive manufacturing techniques and experimentally validated. Practical implications In automotive industry, fuel consumption, carbon emissions and vehicle performance is influenced by structure weight. Therefore, implementation of accurate topology optimization algorithms to design lightweight (cost-efficient) components will be an asset in industry. Originality/value Meshless methods applications in topology optimization are not as widespread as the finite element method (FEM). Therefore, this work enhances the state-of-the-art of meshless methods and demonstrates the suitability of the RPIM to solve topology optimization problems. Innovative lightweight automotive structures are developed using the proposed methodology.
Phenological Changes of Wheat Cultivars with Plant Type and Plant Spacing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type (39.2%) and highest for erect type (75.8%) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at 5% level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the nonplant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.
California High School Athletic Directors' Perceptions of Medical Coverage

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to survey the high school athletic directors in California to determine current levels of on-site medical care for student-athletes. Athletic directors indicated satisfaction ratings of utilized on-site medical personnel. Medical personnel employment time, employment status (contracted from an external source, employed as staff, or volunteer), and rates of athletic event coverage by medical personnel were reported. Significant determinants of "satisfactory" coverage were reported as well as school descriptors (size, population, and socio-economic status) and medical coverage rates for each sport offered. Coaches were also asked to identify key determinants that dictated the current level of medical coverage provided by his or her respective school.
Cyclic mechanical strain guides capillary-like morphology in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Stretching of tissue stimulates angiogenesis but increased motion at a fracture site hinders revascularisation. In vitro studies have indicated that mechanical stimuli promote angiogenic responses in endothelial cells, but can either inhibit or enhance responses when applied directly to angiogenesis assays. We anticipated that cyclic tension applied during endothelial network assembly would increase vascular structure formation up to a certain threshold.

Methods

Fibroblast/HUVEC co-cultures were subjected to cyclic equibiaxial strain (1 Hz; 6 h/day; 7 days) using the FlexerCell FX-4000T system and limiting rings for simultaneous application of multiple strain magnitudes (0–13%). Cells were labelled using anti-PECAM-1, and image analysis provided measures of endothelial network length
and numbers of junctions.

Results

Cyclic stretching had no significant effect on the total length of endothelial networks (P > 0.2) but resulted in a strain-dependent decrease in branching and localised alignments of endothelial structures, which were in turn aligned with the supporting fibroblastic construct.

Conclusion

The organisation of endothelial networks under cyclic strain is dominated by structural adaptation to the supporting construct. It may be that, in fracture healing, the formation and integrity of the granulation tissue and callus is ultimately critical in revascularisation and its failure under severe strain conditions.
Assessment of Physicochemical Properties, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Capacity During the Canning and Storage Processes of Pequi Pulp, a Typical Food Used in Traditional Brazilian Cuisine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study evaluated the effects of processing and storage on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of canned pequi pulp, a typical food used in the Brazilian cuisine. The pulp in natura had a high content of polyphenols (165.2 mg GAE/100 g), carotenoids (144.0 µg/g), ascorbic acid (39.9 mg/100 g), and considerable antioxidant capacity, by DPPH (11.18 µmol TE/g). Optimum canning process comprised blanching (7 min), de-aeration (15 min), and pasteurization (15 min) in open-pan boiling water (97.6 °C). The canning process decreased (p < 0.05) the contents of bioactive compounds. In contrast, increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was observed after storage from two to four months, reducing the negative impact of processing on antioxidant potential of the canned pulp. The storage after canning recovered the bioactive compounds of the pequi pulp and revealed the product as a good source of antioxidants.
Force-Constant Changes and the Crystal Impurity Problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the crystal impurity problem for the case of nearest-neighbor force-constant changes around the defect site of body-centered and face-centered cubic crystals. We discuss general group-theoretical techniques for determining the dynamics of the system and also its response to an external optical probe. We provide closed-form expressions for all the necessary dynamical quantities, and show that their determination only requires knowledge of the pure-crystal density of states in cases where there are only central forces. We apply our results to the absorption spectra of xenon and of krypton in solid argon, to obtain good agreement with the observed data. © 1971 The American Physical Society.