jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Potential of Epigenetic Switching During Adaptation to Fluctuating Environments

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Epigenetic regulation of gene expression allows for the emergence of distinct phenotypic states within the clonal population. Due to the instability of epigenetic inheritance, these phenotypes can intergenerationally switch between states in a stochastic manner. Theoretical studies of evolutionary dynamics predict that the phenotypic heterogeneity enabled by this rapid epigenetic switching between gene expression states would be favored under fluctuating environmental conditions, whereas genetic mutations, as a form of stable inheritance system, would be favored under a stable environment. To test this prediction, we engineered switcher and non-switcher yeast strains, in which the uracil biosynthesis gene URA3 is either continually expressed or switched on and off at two different rates (slow and fast switchers). Competitions between clones with an epigenetically controlled URA3 and clones without switching ability (SIR3 knockout) show that the switchers are favored in fluctuating environments. This occurs in conditions where the environments fluctuate at similar rates to the rate of switching. However, in stable environments, but also in environments with fluctuation frequency higher than the rate of switching, we observed that genetic changes dominated. Remarkably, epigenetic clones with a high, but not with a low, rate of switching can coexist with non-switchers even in a constant environment. Our study offers an experimental proof of concept that helps defining conditions of environmental fluctuation under which epigenetic switching provides an advantage.
Phytoestrogen arctigenin preserves the mucus barrier in inflammatory bowel diseases by inhibiting goblet cell apoptosis via the ERβ/TRIM21/PHB1 pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Intestinal mucus barrier dysfunction is closely involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of arctigenin, a phytoestrogen isolated from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. , on the intestinal mucus barrier under colitis condition. The role of arctigenin on the intestinal mucus barrier and the apoptosis of goblet cells were examined by using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Arctigenin was demonstrated to promote the mucus secretion and maintain the integrity of mucus barrier, which might be achieved by an increase in the number of goblet cells via inhibiting apoptosis. Arctigenin selectively inhibited the mitochondrial pathway‐mediated apoptosis. Moreover, arctigenin elevated the protein level of prohibitin 1 (PHB1) through blocking the ubiquitination via activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) to competitively interact with PHB1 and disrupt the binding of tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) with PHB1. ERβ knock down in the colons of mice with DSS‐induced colitis resulted in significant reduction of the protection of arctigenin and DPN against the mucosal barrier. Arctigenin can maintain the integrity of the mucus barrier by inhibiting the apoptosis of goblet cells through the ERβ/TRIM21/PHB1 pathway.
A Passive UHF RF Identification CMOS Tag IC Using Ferroelectric RAM in 0.35-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A passive UHF RF identification (RFID) tag IC with embedded 2-KB ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) for rewritable applications enables a 2.9 times faster read-and-write transaction time over EEPROM-based tag ICs. The resulting FeRAM-based tag has a nominally identical communication range for both read and write operations, which is indispensable for data write applications. The evaluated tag communication range with a folded dipole antenna is from 0 m to 4.3 m, at the 953-MHz carrier frequency with 4-W transmitting Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) from a reader/writer. The developed tag IC features two circuit blocks to maximize the communication range in 0.35-mum CMOS/FeRAM technology. First is a CMOS-only full-wave rectifier, which can improve the measured efficiency by up to 36.6% by reducing the input parasitic capacitances and optimization of multiplier structure. This efficiency is more than twice that of previously-published results. Second is a low-voltage current-mode ASK demodulator to accommodate a low-breakdown voltage of FeRAM, which converts the ASK power modulation into a linearly modulated current over an incoming power range of 27 dB, corresponding to the entire communication range. The developed demodulator can thus resolve the primary design tradeoff issue between device protection and detection sensitivity in the conventional voltage-mode demodulator
Relation Extraction in underexplored biomedical domains: A diversity-optimised sampling and synthetic data generation approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new synthetic dataset (training/validation) for end-to-end Relation Extraction of relationships between Organisms and Natural-Products. The new dataset was generated using Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1. Like the model, the produced synthetic data are also submitted to the License of the model used for generation (apache-2.0). The new dataset was created based on the top-1000 (per biological kingdom) LOTUS literature references extracted with the GME-sampler. The dataset contains 8,913 items in the training set and 344 items in the validation set. The dataset was generated using the same protocol as described in the article.
General Model of Hindered Diffusion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The diffusion of a particle from bulk solution is slowed as it moves close to an adsorbing surface. A general model is reported that is easily applied by theoreticians and experimentalists. Specifically, it is shown here that in general and regardless of the space size, the magnitude of the effect of hindered diffusion on the flux is a property of the diffusion layer thickness. We explain and approximate the effect. Predictions of concentration profiles show that a "hindered diffusion layer" is formed near the adsorbing surface within the diffusion layer, observed even when the particle radius is just a 0.1% of the diffusion layer thickness. In particular, we focus on modern electrochemistry processes involving with impact of particles with either ultrasmall electrodes or particles in convective systems. The concept of the "hindered diffusion layer" is generally important for example in recent biophysical models of particles diffusion to small targets.
Electromyoenterography during normal gastro-intestinal activity, painful or non-painful colic and morphine analgesia, in the horse.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The electrical potentials were recorded from the antrum, the duodenum, the ileum and the first part of the colon of ponies under (a) normal resting conditions, (b) during nonpainful colic and (c) after intravenous morphine administration. The normal pony, at rest, had five contractions of the antrum per minute. On the small intestine, the basal electrical activity decreased from the duodenum (14-15/min) to the ileum (10-11/min). The small bowel also had three types of motility: peristaltic waves, rhythmic segmentations and random contractions. On the colon, bursts of potentials indicating intense motor activity occurred at the rate of 20 to 30 per hour. Morphine given intravenously (IV) greatly increased the frequency of the electrical potentials of the antrum and the longitudinal bands of the colon. During non-painful colic, hyperactivity of the cranial small intestine was continuous. Spasms of the jejunum occurred every minute and could not be relieved by morphine (IV). When colic was painful, jejunal spasms announced the crisis of intense abdominal pain. After morphine (IV) the spasms and pain disappeared; the jejunum remained hyperactive, the motility of the colon was increased while the antrum became quiet.
Oral Contraceptives and Alopecia Areata

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BRITLSHMEDICAL JOURNMl approximately 4.0.Batches of one dozen un- stqrile and irradiated swabs were soaked in Sorensen's buffer, pH 7.0, and dried in an incubator at 37°C.These, together with un- treated controls, were inoculated with 4 X 105 cells and cultured after 24 hours at room tem- perature.The results are shown in Table It.(3) To confirm the lethal effect of low pH values on the test organism. 1ml.quantities of broth culture were added to 9 ml.volumes of citrate buffer, pH 4.6, and Sorensen's buffer, pH 7.0.These mixtures were held at room temperature, and standard loopfuls were removed to blood-agar plates at hourly intervals for a total of eight hours.The results are shown in Table III.
The 1958 good offices mission and its implications for French-American relations under the Fourth Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In both a general review of Franco-American relations and in a more specific discussion of the Anglo-American good offices mission to France in 1958, this thesis has attempted first, to analyze the foreign policies of France and the United States which developed from the impact of the Second World War and, second, to describe Franco-American discord as primarily a collision of foreign policy goals--or, even farther, as a basic collision in the national attitudes that shaped those goals--rather than as a result either of Communist harassment or of the clash of personalities.
Non-take-up of minimum social benefits: quantification in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Non-take-up", which describes the situation of "anyone who – for whatever reason – does not benefit from a public offer of rights or services to which they may be entitled" (Warin, 2016a), is the subject of growing, shared interest in countries with widely varying social security systems. There is a tendency for social support systems to grow in complexity in order to adapt to the diverse range of situations they are designed to serve; situations which are becoming increasingly characterised by their instability. When people do not receive benefits to which they are entitled, the risk of poverty and exclusion increases, espe-cially when the benefits in question are intended for the poorest individuals. Although our understanding of this phenomenon and its causes has advanced thanks to the now abundant literature on the subject, measuring the extent to which it exists remains a major challenge: any such means of measurement must satisfy the social demand for statistics on the subject whilst also helping to refine our understanding of the mechanisms by which we can combat non-take-up. This DREES Report, written in collaboration with the Observatoire des non-recours aux droits et services (Odenore), aims to report on the efforts to quantify non-take-up of guaranteed minimum income in five European countries with different national social security systems, but also a shared, long-term interest in the issue of non-take-up. The study covers Germany, Belgium, Finland, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. More specifically, this report aims to present the main non-take-up rates for minimum income in the countries studied as well as the methods and data sources used to evaluate these. It briefly describes the different social security systems, followed by the origins and context of the steps taken to quantify non-take-up in these countries. Finally, it attempts to identify the main actors and areas of data production. This stocktaking allows us to analyse whether certain types of data production have helped to put this phenomenon "on the agenda" and, if so, whether they have also helped to qualify it and define it as an issue. The study is based on material comprising a literature review and discussions and interviews with actors who produce data and/or possess expertise on the subject. Given the number of works quantifying non-take-up, the period covered by the study primarily covers those produced within the past ten years.
Alternative Ways for Treating the Characteristics of Autism Without the Use of Medication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autism is a neurological disorder that affects one out of 66 children worldwide (Autism Speaks, 2015). Although, some people feel that medication is a benefit for treating individuals with autism, nevertheless, there can be alternative methods in the treatment of how the brain develops that does not include medication: such as brain based exercises, reducing primitive reflexes, and using a holistic approach. Through a series of extensive brain based exercises, in conjunction with reducing the primitive reflexes, as well as incorporating natural vitamins, minerals and essential oils, parents may able to see the brain grow in unison. Once the brain is balanced, there could be a reduction in the characteristics of autism.
Histological evaluation of changing the feeding technology of broiler chickens by introducing a Anethum graveolens-based feed supplement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents the results of morphological studies of internal organs of broiler chickens when using an Anethum Graveolens-based additive in the diet. In the spring-summer period, an experiment was conducted for three groups of broiler chickens. In addition to feed, the 1 st experimental group daily received an alcoholic tincture based on Anethum graveolens; the 2 nd experimental group – Anethum graveolens seeds; the 3 rd group served as the control. After the end of the experiment, the samples of internal organs were taken for histological studies and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson, Sudan III, according to Weigert, alcian blue. According to the results of the studies, the Anethum graveolens seeds used in the 2 nd experimental group did not have a negative effect on the internal organs of broiler chickens. However, the changes were observed in the 1 st experimental group using an alcohol tincture based on Anethum graveolens in the diet. At the same time, the data for broiler chickens of the control group were within normal limits.
Influence of alternative fertilizers on pasture production, soil properties and soil microbial community structure

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alternative fertilizers are commonly promoted for use on pastures to improve productivity and support a more ‘healthy’ soil microbial environment. However, minimal field research has been conducted to validate such claims. A 6-year study (2009–14) was conducted on phosphorus (P) deficient soils at three sites near Yass, NSW, to investigate the effect of top-dressing native perennial grass-based pastures with a range of alternative fertilizers and with single superphosphate (SSP). The alternative fertilizers included manures, composts, concentrated ash, crushed rock, rock phosphate-derived and microbial products. Annual measurements were made of soil chemical properties, pasture yield and botanical composition as well as relative effectiveness of products per unit of pasture grown. Soil microbial community structure was also analysed in the sixth year. Fertilizers with large quantities of P resulted in higher pasture production and clover content compared to the unfertilized control. Their cost-effectiveness in relation to pasture growth varied considerably and was a function of rate and frequency of application as well as amount and solubility of P applied. Despite large differences in pasture growth across the fertilizer treatments, there was no effect on microbial community structure compared with either the SSP or unfertilized controls. The observed variation in bacterial, fungal and archaeal community structures across all treatments was best explained by soil pH or aluminium concentration, which was influenced differentially by the fertilizer products. Fungal community structure was also correlated to pasture productivity parameters (i.e. pasture yield, clover percent and soil available P). These findings reveal a highly resilient soil microbial community influenced minimally by use of the alternative fertilizers, highlighting that on-farm management decisions regarding fertilizer product choice should primarily focus on pasture response and cost-effectiveness.
[CHARACTERISTIC OF ENDOMETRIAL MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN CULTURE OBTAINED FROM PATIENT WITH ADENOMYOSIS].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adenomyosis is form of endometriosis, common diseases of female reproductive system, which can lead to infertility in women. in this study we are obtained and characterized cell line endometrial mesenchymal stem cells from a patient with adenomyosis, and compare obtained cells with the cell line of healthy donor. Aim of this study was to assesses the extent of differences between cells from donor with adenomyosis and cells from healthy donor. Was established that compared lines had morphology like fibroblasts, were differentiated in adipocytes, were expressed mesenchymal markers and didn't expressed haematopoietic markers. Cytogenetic analysis of differentially stained metaphase chromosomes on G-banding (passage 6-7) showed that healthy donor's cells had predominantly normal karyotype. The cellular line from a patient with diagnosis of "adenomyosis" had a lot of cells with changes in karyotype's structure. These changes were related with aneuploidy of cellular population and the presence non-random chromosomal breaks, often in chromosomes 7 and 11. Analysis of this data allows the cells from adenomyosis characterized physiological stability in culture and karyotypic instability with non-random involvement certain chromosomal set. The cellular line obtained from donor with adenomyosis showed signs destabilization of he genome, typical for cell transformation. Division of adenomyosis cells to the 26th passage is stopped and these cells entered into a phase of replicative aging. Based on this, we can conclude that founded karyotype's hanges do not lead to transformation and immortalization of cells in vitro.
Bioactivity Screening of Crude Extracts from 64 Species of Medicinal Herb to 3 Kinds of Medicinal Plant Pathogens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The organic solvents from 64 kinds of medicinal plants were carried to the body inhibition activity test,by using the growth speed law and spore germination law to Cylindrocarpoh dereruetans,Alternaria panax and Fusarium oxysporum.The results indicated when the medicinal plant extracts density was 5mg·mL-1,the inhibitory action was 60% above(SP-1,SP-25,SP-48),SP-1 and SP-48 had the obvious inhibitory action to spawn the growth,the bacteriostasis rate achieved 100%,germination the suppression rate to the spore also is 100%.
Effects of Leaders’ Power Construal on Leader-Member Exchange: The Moderating Role of Competitive Climate at Work

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

How leaders construe their power may greatly affect the quality of relationships they have with their followers. Indeed, we propose that when leader power is (perceived to be) construed as responsibility, this will positively affect the extent to which followers perceive high quality leader-follower relationships (LMX), whereas the opposite will be true when leader power is (perceived to be) construed as opportunity. Moreover, we argue that these relationships are contingent on contextual influences, such that the effects will be particularly strong in environments characterized by competition, because such environments exacerbate the impact of leaders’ behavior. The results of a scenario experiment (Study 1), and a two-week time-lagged study among organizational employees (Study 2), showed that a manipulation of leaders’ tendency to view power as responsibility (Study 1), and followers’ perception of the extent to which their leader sees power as responsibility (Study 2) is positively related to follower LMX perceptions. Moreover, both Studies 1 and 2 and a dyadic field study in which we asked leaders to report on their tendency to view power as responsibility (Study 3) showed that this effect is stronger when the organizational climate is highly competitive. The results pertaining to power as opportunity were less consistent, but suggest a negative relationship with perceived LMX (Study 2), particularly when the organizational climate is highly competitive (Study 3). We conclude that the potential effects of leaders’ construal of power as responsibility or opportunity deserve more research attention than previously awarded and provide managerial ramifications of our findings.
RANSlicing: Towards Multi-Tenancy in 5G Radio Access Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A significant purpose of 5G networks is allowing sharing resources among different network tenants such as service providers and Mobile Virtual network Operators. Numerous domains are taken in account regarding resource sharing containing different infrastructure (storage, compute and networking), Radio Access Network (RAN) and Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. RAN and spectrum, transport. Spectrum sharing and RAN are anticipated as the fundamental part in multi-tenant 5G network. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of evaluation platforms to determine the number of benefits that can be acquired from multilevel spectrum sharing rather than single-level spectrum sharing. The work presented in this paper intend to address this issue by presenting a modified SimuLTE model is used for evaluating active RAN based on multi-tenant 5G networks. The result shows an understanding into the actual advantages of RAN slicing for multi-tenants in 5G networks.
Activating a 2 x 4 appliance.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

When the long span of wire in a 2 x 4 orthodontic appliance enters a bracket in a nonparallel manner, it develops a couple and tendency for rotation called a moment. The moment of a couple creates inherent equal and opposite Newtonian equilibrium forces not readily sensed clinically. Moments at successive brackets, producing rotations in opposite directions, create equilibrium forces also in opposite directions which are subtractive from each other. When these equilibrium forces are equal and opposite, they cancel each other out. If the moments produce rotations in the same direction, the equilibrium forces are also in the same direction and are additive. The apparent simplicity of the 2 x 4 appliance conceals the fact that it is a powerful orthodontic tool that uses engineering mechanics in a way not possible with fully bracketed appliances. Clearly the application of engineering mechanics is a distinguishing characteristics of modern orthodontics.
Advancement of Quorum Sensing in Rhizobia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Quorum sensing is defined as the cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression, and the involved system is the quorum sensing system, in which N-acyl homoserine lactone is known as the signal molecules of most gram-negative organisms. It can regulate diverse physiological functions. This paper reviewed the quorum sensing systems and the recent advances which play a major role in the formation of the symbiosis between the rhizobia and their host plants.
Human Ecology: proposed requirements for academic research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to propose requirements that will characterize research in Human Ecology (HE) in Brazil. As a methodological proposal, a bibliographic review on the subject was used, using the contributions of national and international authors, which allowed the analysis of information through the construction of articulation links. To this end, the pillars proposed by Bomfim were established as requirements to be analyzed: Interface/interchange nature-human being, that is, culture-environment; interdisciplinarity; systemic conception of the real; human emancipation. The discussion about the analyzed pillars stands out in the research and which may constitute a reference for the research carried out. Thus, this article contributes to the discussion on the theme of the epistemology of Human Ecology in Brazil.