jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte membrane lipid composition and mitogen responsiveness in chickens: Role of membrane “fluidity”

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract After establishing optimal conditions for measuring the membrane lipid packing density (“fluidity”) of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes, the fluidity was modulated in vitro by incubation in cholesterol or phospholipid (“active lipid”, AL)‐enriched serum‐free tissue culture medium. The effect of these lipids on mitogen responsiveness was then investigated, the aim being to determine whether the observed enhancement/suppression was membrane mediated, i.e. explainable by fluidity changes. Chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibited no requirement for exogenous cholesterol; low concentrations did not affect the mitogen response while the higher concentrations, which induced a measurable decrease in membrane fluidity, were usually mildly suppressive. Pre‐incubation did not increase this suppressive effect and we believe it not to be membrane mediated. AL, at low concentrations which induced no changes in membrane fluidity, prolonged the phytohemagglutinin response, enhancement being evident only after the peak; we interpret this as a nutrient effect. At the higher concentrations, which induced large increases in fluidity, a transient enhancement was followed by suppression; suppression was delayed in onset when AL was added 4 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. It is therefore an early event which may be mediated through changes in membrane fluidity.
Characterisation of fracture network and groundwater preferential flow path in the Table Mountain Group (TMG) sandstones, South Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Characterisation of fractured rocks and evaluation of fracture connectivity are essential for the study of subsurface flow and transport in fractured rock aquifers. In this study, we use a new method to present fracture networks and analyse the connectivity of the fractures, based on the technique of randomly-generated realisations. The application of the method aims to provide more detailed insights into the flow path and dynamics for sustainable utilisation of groundwater in the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifers, South Africa. Focusing on a representative wellfield in the TMG, the interpretation and integration of fracture data derived from field measurements, existing geological maps and remotely-sensed imagery, and observed responses of hydraulic tests, led to the development of a conceptual model for fracture network characterisation, which forms the basis of fracture connectivity analysis. The result shows that the a dominant number of the interconnected fractures are in the form of separated fracture clusters (networks) which is considered to be a common connectivity pattern in the TMG rocks and alike. The result also suggests that the connectivity pattern is collectively dependent on such factors as orientation, length, and density of fractures and implies that in a study domain only a small part of the fractures are responsible for flow circulation.Keywords: fractured rock aquifer, conceptual model, preferential flow path, Table Mountain Group
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION IN PONDICHERRY: A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION MODEL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study had been undertaken with the primary-data of cost of cultivation of paddy in Karaikal region, Pondicherry. The study was conducted with 60 farmers, which has a large area under paddy cultivation. Agriculture is the main occupation of this region. The reference period of the study was 2011. The analysis revealed that there is an under utilization of fertilizers, which indicated that fertilizers use has to be increased. The use of machine and bullock power should be rationalized to increase the yield. Resource use efficiency analysis implied that there was an ample scope to increase the production by proper technology and optimum allocation of resources. Efficiency of farmers can be supported by mean technical efficiency, the results of which indicated that there is scope for further improvement in the technical efficiency of farmers in the study area.
On the equalization of nonlinear systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Volterra series expansion is widely used for the identification and modeling of nonlinear systems. But few works can be found dealing with the equalization of nonlinear distortion. Based on the theoretical work of Schetzen (1980) this paper presents new practical equalization schemes. For discrete-time equalization an important question is how to choose the sampling frequency because nonlinear systems produce new, higher frequency components at their outputs. It is shown that for post-processing it is sufficient to sample at twice the maximum input frequency of the nonlinear system. The results are verified by simulations.
APPLICATION OF GMDH-BASED ONE WEEK WAVE PREDICTION MODEL TO JAPANESE NEAR SHORE WAVE PREDICTION

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

全球波浪予報初期値（JMA GWM）と再解析値（NOAA WW3とECMWF ERA5）の3種類の全球波浪値を入力変数として用いて，ニューラルネットワークの一種であるGMDHを用いた1週間先波浪予測モデルを開発し，日本沿岸の4ヶ所（常陸那珂，鹿島，秋田，留萌）における観測値との比較・検討を行った．観測有義波高と周期をGMDHモデルによる算定値と比較した結果，GMDHによる波浪算定値は，元の全球波浪値に比べてかなり改善されること，および全球波浪値の最適組合せは，対象とする場所毎に異なることがわかった．本研究で用いた1週間先波浪予測GMDHモデルを全球波浪予報値に適用すれば，日本沿岸の波浪予測に有効であることを示した．
Itzkowitz (J. B.) Prolegomena to a new text of Lucian's Vitarum Audio and Piscator. (Spudasmata, 38). Hildesheim etc.: Olms, 1986. Pp. xi + 465. DM 58.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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The Time‐related Underemployment of Lone Parents during Welfare Reform, Recession and Austerity: A Challenge to In‐work Conditionality?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Reforms to UK social security benefits introduced between 2008 and 2012 that increased lone parent obligations to enter employment coincided with economic crisis and government austerity. Increases in underemployment in the broader population during this period both in terms of unemployment and time‐related underemployment raise questions regarding the extent to which lone parents not only managed to enter paid work but obtain a sufficient number of employment hours. Activation policies have increased labour market exposure at a time of greater underemployment. At the same time, high levels of economic hardship, in the context of stagnant real wage growth and benefit cuts linked to broader austerity policy, could place additional pressures on lone parent time‐related underemployment where a desire for greater employment hours to improve household income is not met by availability. We present findings showing disproportionately high growth in time‐related underemployment among lone mothers with, at peak, around one in five employed lone mothers with a youngest dependent child aged over five experiencing such underemployment. The implications to in‐work conditionality policies and the roll out of the UK's new working age benefit Universal Credit are highlighted.
Research of multipolar permanent magnet motor with wide constant power for workover

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper attempts to present an optimal design strategy and characteristics of multipolar permanent magnet synchronous motor(MPMSM) with wide constant power for workover. The structures of stator lamination, rotor lamination and stator winding are analyzed. And how temperature influences the performance of the motor is presented. Moreover, how to calculate air-gap length and the size of permanent magnet of MPMSM are discussed. The MATLAB is used to design the prototype. And, the computer simulation results of magnetic field of the motor are shown by ANSOFT according to its model. The structure and design method of this motor can be used on common MPMSM.
Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient map in combination with conventional MRI for detection and localization of prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-1412 / Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient map in combination with conventional MRI for detection and localization of prostate cancer by: N. Marugami, S. Kitano, J. Takahama, K. Kichikawa, S. Anai; Kashihara/JP
Doğum öncesi döneminde alkole maruz bırakılan Wistar sıçanlarda aktivite, kaygı ve öğrenmme üzerindeki etkilerin incelenmesi.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol on sensorimotor coordination, emotionality, learning and memory in young adult Wistar rats. Most of the recent reports concerning behavioral effects of fetal alcohol exposure refer to the juvenile period of life and very few studies investigated different aspects of behavior simultaneously in the same subjects. In the current study, alcohol was delivered to the pregnant dams by intragastric infusions, throughout gestation days (GD) 7-20, at the dose of 6g /kg maternal body weight /day. This dose resulted in relatively high peak blood alcohol concentration (340 mg/dl) as assessed on GD 20. A pair-fed isocaloric and untreated control groups were included. Prenatal alcohol administration retarded dams̕ weight gain significantly, and had an adverse effect on pups̕ weight at birth but not in adulthood. No between-group differences were observed in the litter size and in the pups̕ mortality. The adult brain weight was neither affected. Pups were subjected to a series of behavioural tests as young adults (at 2.5 months of age). In adulthood, rats prenatally treated with alcohol were not impaired in sensorimotor coordination and/or did not show muscle weakness as assessed by rotarod/accelerod tests. Their behavior in the open field and plus maze suggested alcohol-induced increase in iv anxiety level and some decrease in behavioral flexibility, but hyperactivity was not observed. In cognitive tasks, alcohol treated rats showed slightly slower rate of initial place learning in the water maze. However, memory retention tested after 1 and 10-day delay, reversal learning, rate of extinction of place preference, as well as working memory capacity appeared to be the same in alcohol exposed and control rats. The possible reasons of this negative result are discussed.
Agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: their role in the complex therapy of hyperplastic processes in reproductive organs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone Buserilin in the treatment of patients with endometriosis in combination with endometrial hyperplasia. We conducted a clinical and laboratory examination and treatment of 108 patients aged 41 to 52 years old suffering from endometriosis varying degrees of prevalence in conjunction with endometrial hyperplasia. The results obtained suggest a scientifically sound complex treatment of patients with endometriosis on the background of endometrial hyperplasia with a GnRH agonist Buserilin-depo in the postoperative period, followed by the appointment of progestogens or combiened oral contraceptives as a long-term program management of patients to prevent relapse and re-operative treatment.
Peculiarities in the orbital and precessional variability of SS433 from INTEGRAL observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on multiyear INTEGRAL observations of SS433, a composite IBIS/ISGRI 18-60 keV orbital light curve is constructed around zero precessional phase $ψ_{pr}= 0$. It shows a peculiar shape characterized by a significant excess near the orbital phase $ϕ_{orb}= 0.25$, which is not seen in the softer 2-10 keV energy band. Such a shape is likely to be due to a complex asymmetric structure of the funnel in a supercritical accretion disk in SS433. The orbital light curve at 40-60 keV demonstrates two almost equal bumps at phases $\sim 0.25$ and $\sim 0.75$, most likely due to nutation effects of the accretion disk. The change of the off-eclipse 18-60 keV X-ray flux with the precessional phase shows a double-wave form with strong primary maximum at $ψ_{pr}= 0$ and weak but significant secondary maximum at $ψ_{pr}= 0.6$. A weak variability of the 18-60 keV flux in the middle of the orbital eclipse correlated with the disk precessional phase is also observed. The joint analysis of the broadband (18-60 keV) orbital and precessional light curves obtained by INTEGRAL confirms the presence of a hot extended corona in the central parts of the supercritical accretion disk and constrain the binary mass ratio in SS433 in the range $0.5\gtrsim q\gtrsim 0.3$, confirming the black hole nature of the compact object. Orbital and precessional light curves in the hardest X-ray band 40-60 keV, which is free from emission from thermal X-ray jets, are also best fitted by the same geometrical model with hot extended corona at $q\sim 0.3$, stressing the conclusions of the modeling of the broad-band X-ray orbital and precessional light curves.
An Economic Analysis of Capsicum Production under Protected Cultivation in North West Region of Tamil Nadu, India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Protected cultivation or greenhouse cultivation would be the modern approach to produce horticultural crops qualitatively and quantitatively. Also it has been spread extensively world over in the last few decades. In India, production of capsicum found to be around 327 thousand tons from the area of 46 thousand hectare with the productivity of 7108.70 kg per hectare during the year of 2017. Hence, it is important to examine economic viability of capsicum production under protected method. In this context, a survey was conducted by using pre-tested interview scheduled among the farming community in the North West region of Tamil Nadu. The results of the study indicates that, total investment around Rs.40.67 lakhs per/ 4000 m2 required for erecting polyhouse. The major costs of establishment were incurred on GI frame (72.78 per cent) followed by land levelling and polythene sheet cost (8.15 per cent). The cost A1 was higher 55.19 per cent for capsicum cultivation and cost B1 was cost A1 with including the interest on fixed capital excluding the land was 31.81 per cent of the total cost of production of capsicum cultivation. The cost C3 was Rs.13, 16,996/4000 m2 for capsicum under protected cultivation. The gross return of the cultivated crops found to be Rs. 15,29,502 and Net return Rs. 2,12,506 for capsicum cultivation. The cultivation of capsicum in a polyhouse was found to be highly feasible as reflected in higher values of NPV (Rs. 5.78 lakhs/4000 m2), BCR (1.24) and IRR (25%) with payback period of less than three years. High investment cost for establishing poly house followed by lack of technical guidance was most important constrains among the farmers in capsicum production under protected cultivation.
868 The disproportionate risk of young drivers for road traffic injury and fatality in Qatar: evidence for policy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Road traffic injury (RTI) rates have been decreasing1 but are still the leading cause of death in Qatar.2,3 Young drivers (age less than 30) were identified as high-risk for RTI4,5 in Qatar but a systematic review of evidence is needed.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted on 7 electronic peer-reviewed databases between 2003 – 2015 using predefined search terms in truncation and using Boolean terms, documents from international organisations and grey literature. Retrieved articles were screened using a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data was extracted and secondary analysis done for evidence on the risk of young drivers for RTIs and RTI fatalities.

Results

21 articles met inclusion criteria; 12 retrospective observational descriptive studies, 2 grey literature papers (secondary analysis of data and systematic literature review), 1 cross-sectional study, 1 descriptive study, 1 regression analysis for prediction of RTIs, 1 survey, 1 information note by the World Bank, 1 retrospective literature review and 1 re-meta-analysis paper. 15 papers focused on Qatar solely and 6 compared its data with other countries. There was consistent evidence that young male drivers were more likely to: 1.) use a mobile phone while driving 2.) have more traffic violations than females and older drivers 3.) be involved in a four-wheel drive crash, 4.) avail of ambulance, emergency department or trauma services for RTI 5.) sustain severe injury and death on ejection from a vehicle and be involved in all forms of motor vehicle crashes. The relative risk for road mortality of this group was 10 times higher than the general population.

Conclusions

Young drivers in Qatar are at a disproportionate risk for risky driving behaviour, traffic violations, involvement in 4WD crashes, ejection in a crash, severe RTI and mortality. A multi-disciplinary strategy, composed of proven interventions, to reduce this health burden must be implemented as a public health priority.

References

Mamtani R, Al-Thani MH, Al-Thani AA, Sheikh JI, Lowenfels AB. Motor vehicle injuries in Qatar: time trends in a rapidly developing Middle Eastern nation. Inj Prev. 2012Apr;18(2):130–2. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040147. Epub 2011 Oct 12. Consunji RJ, Peralta RR, Al-Thani H, Latifi R. The implications of the relative risk for road mortality on road safety programmes in Qatar. Inj Prev. 2015Apr;21(e1):e105–8. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040939. Epub 2014 Jan 28. World Health Organisation. Global status report on road safety 2015: supporting a decade of action: summary 2015. Sivak M,Schoettle B. Mortality From Road Crashes In 193 Countries: A Comparison With Other Leading Causes Of Death. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. Report No. UMTRI-2014-6 February2014. A Bener, T Lajunenc, T Ozkan, D Haigney. "The Effect of Mobile Phone Use on Driving Style and Driving Skills." International Journal of Crashworthiness 2006;11(5):1–7.
Philosophical Trends in Health Education: Implications for the 21st Century

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore five health education philosophies: cognitive based, decision-making, behavior change, freeing/functioning, and social change. This was done in order to ascertain if there is a single dominant philosophy ascribed to by health educators, and discover any variations in philosophical preferences between health education academicians and practitioners. The Health Education Philosophy Inventory (HEPI) was designed to answer these questions. Through a series of vignettes and a rank order exercise, HEPI determined both philosophical preference within educational settings and philosophical beliefs. Data were collected from a nationwide random sample of health education professionals through a mailed survey. Total response rate of usable inventories was 48.3 percent. Content analysis determined the philosophical preference in educational settings was behavior change, followed by freeing/functioning. The stated philosophical preferences in the rank order exercise was decision-making. Statistically significant differences (p = .0059) were noted between academicians and practitioners in their choices in educational settings, yet stated philosophical beliefs were identical. Recommendations emanating from the study included future studies to be conducted to verify the findings. Philosophical preferences of health educators who work in settings other than community and university, i.e., school, worksite, and clinical, need be investigated.
A Population Genetics-Based and Phylogenetic Approach to Understanding the Evolution of Virulence in the Genus Listeria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The genus Listeria includes (i) the opportunistic pathogens L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii , (ii) the saprotrophs L. innocua , L. marthii , and L. welshimeri , and (iii) L. seeligeri , an apparent saprotroph that nevertheless typically contains the prfA virulence gene cluster. A novel 10-loci multilocus sequence typing scheme was developed and used to characterize 67 isolates representing six Listeria spp. (excluding L. grayi ) in order to (i) provide an improved understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Listeria and (ii) use Listeria as a model to study the evolution of pathogenicity in opportunistic environmental pathogens. Phylogenetic analyses identified six well-supported Listeria species that group into two main subdivisions, with each subdivision containing strains with and without the prfA virulence gene cluster. Stochastic character mapping and phylogenetic analysis of hly , a gene in the prfA cluster, suggest that the common ancestor of the genus Listeria contained the prfA virulence gene cluster and that this cluster was lost at least five times during the evolution of Listeria , yielding multiple distinct saprotrophic clades. L. welshimeri , which appears to represent the most ancient clade that arose from an ancestor with a prfA cluster deletion, shows a considerably lower average sequence divergence than other Listeria species, suggesting a population bottleneck and a putatively different ecology than other saprotrophic Listeria species. Overall, our data suggest that, for some pathogens, loss of virulence genes may represent a selective advantage, possibly by facilitating adaptation to a specific ecological niche.
State social policy health in Ukraine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article deals with the problem of public health in Ukraine and relevant government measures for their prevention and elimination. In particular, we consider the most effective measures by the state comprehensive program of management of workers' health, including such items as a reduction in the proportion of behavioral risk factors. Given this, the preventive work and in society, and on the particular enterprise should include work to prevent bad habits, the formation of health-protection and public opinion supporting of health-social behavior. The authors consider the priority of the social determinants of the impact of medicine and health care An important aspect of the concept of the health of the working population.