jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in Baluchistan, Pakistan-causes & contributory factors of maternal deaths

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Non-invasive prenatal screening using cell-free fetal DNA : how good a screening assay is this ?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prenatal diagnosis provides expectant mothers with important information which may affect subsequent pregnancy management. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) following chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis are the gold standards in detecting genetic abnormalities. However, these procedures are invasive with up to 1% increased miscarriage risk. Recently, the non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) assay has been proposed as a new screening tool. It has higher accuracy levels than current first-line screening and obviates invasive techniques. Hence, this study aims to compare the performance of this new assay with invasive diagnostic tests. A retrospective analysis was performed on 299 NIPS using cffDNA cases from September 2013 to July 2016. If a follow-up invasive procedure was performed, the karyotyping and/or FISH result was obtained. Of the 17 patients who opted for an invasive procedure, 10 were true positives, 3 true negatives, and 4 false positives. 2 patients cancelled the assay due to repeated assay failure and false negatives cannot be ruled out as informative birth outcomes were not available for correlation. The results show that the NIPS using cffDNA assay remains a screen and confirmatory invasive diagnostic testing is still required for high risk NIPS results.
Cataplexy and Conjugate Gaze Paresis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To The Editor.—

Cataplexy is thought to represent an abnormality of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanism whereby the motor and sleep components become dissociated. This results in periodic episodes of profound loss of motor tone while consciousness is preserved. Symptomatic cataplexy is rare, and the anatomical localization of the defect responsible for the syndrome is, to our knowledge, unknown.1It is also unusual to encounter cataplexy in the absence of narcolepsy.

Report of a Case.—

A 58-year-old man gave a six-year history of recurrent falls occurring about twice a month and usually precipitated by anger or laughter. He described the sudden onset of overwhelming weakness such that his legs gave way and he fell to the floor. Consciousness was preserved and the attacks lasted only a few minutes. There was no associated sleep disturbance. He had never been able to look fully either to left or right.
Uncertainties in the risk assessment of essential trace elements: The case of zinc

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses the Reference Dose (RED) to evaluate the noncarcinogenic effects of chemicals. This methodology assumes a “threshold”; concept, i.e., there is a level below which adverse effects will not occur. This theory has proven useful in the risk assessment and subsequent regulation of many chemicals. However, for the risk assessment of essential trace elements (ETEs), adjustments in the RfD methodology had to be made. These modifications were necessary to incorporate the fact that humans have certain nutritional requirements for ETEs, as noted in the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), in order to function properly. Since the RDAs for each ETE also vary with sex, age and physiological requirements, it was difficult to derive an RfD for an ETE that met the changing nutritional requirements of these different groups and still provided in a margin of safety at all stages. With zinc, this task was impossible. As a result, the RfD Work Group inserted a notation in the zinc RfD file that the RfD for zinc did not provide the RDA for infants, preadolescent children and, possibly, lactating women.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporo-mandibular joint and meniscus dislocation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A preliminary study of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Ten asymptomatic volunteers with no clinical history of TMJ disorder and five patients with a recent history of trauma to the TMJ were examined using a special surface coil. The meniscus, which is only slightly brighter than the surrounding tissue, gave a high signal and was demonstrated very clearly in its normal position in the controls and shown to be dislocated in the post-trauma cases. Four criteria for identification of the temporo-mandibular meniscus were established in the normal cases and compared with the findings in the pathological cases.
A Review of the Proposals for Taxation of Profits of Businesses in the Digitalized Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The advent of information technology and digitalization has changed and continues to change everyday life, including the manner in which business operations are carried out. Years back, to run a taxi business, you would need to own vehicles and employ drivers. Today, some digitalized businesses are able to operate the same business by just owning a digital interface and related intellectual property rights. This change in the way things are done has significant impact on traditional legal systems. In the realm of tax law, digitalization has impacted on traditional international tax rules including the threshold for allocating taxing rights. In. this paper, the author presents a broad review of the main current issues regarding allocation of taxing rights, and the different solutions that have been proposed to accommodate digitalization in the international tax system. In terms of structure, this paper shall proceed as follows. Section 1 is the introduction. Section 2 will review the germane aspects of the current PE concept. Section 3 will examine the nature of digitalized business models which are the subjects of international discussions in this area. Section 4 will review the efforts that have been made at the international level at taxing digital businesses, and highlight the critical points of these efforts. The scope of this work will focus on the ongoing discussions regarding direct taxation of the digital economy. Indirect taxation of the digital economy may be referred to when necessary but will not be reviewed in any detail.
Decision support system for quality management of cosmetic products

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper describes the structure and the mathematical core of the decision support system developed by the authors for assessing the quality of cosmetic products based on machine learning approaches. The main goal of the study was to improve the system of quality control of cosmetic products, in particular, the quality of perfumes and cosmetics using intelligent methods of data processing, formalization of knowledge and experience of the experts, thus providing automatization of the decision-making process. The practical-oriented goal of the study was to obtain knowledge-supported decisions regarding the quality of the cosmetic products using the developed system of quality assessment based on intelligent methods of data processing, providing the possibility of unsupervised learning and adjustment of the developed system when changing final product characteristics.
Persistence of chlorpyrifos in greenhouse air

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Organophosphate pesticides are among those with the highest acute toxicity and are available on the market and used in several regions of Brazil. The concentration and residence time of the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in the air after application in a greenhouse were investigated. For more than 24 h, the chlorpyrifos remained in the greenhouse air at concentrations three times above the occupational exposure limit and was still detectable four days later.
Contrasting Approaches to Preparedness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter reflects on ongoing research in SMEs in the manufacturing and service sectors. It contrasts different approaches to the issue of preparedness from an organizational and social perspective, in two cases where new enterprise-wide business processes were implemented and integrated in different settings. In both cases, the emergence of new systems presented a huge challenge to companies hard-pressed to marshal the resources to mount effective change and implementation projects on this scale. The cases presented enable a comparison of different strategies used, one firm responding to organic growth, and the other to rapid industry-driven change. The chapter focuses not on the implementations per se, but instead on the issue of preparedness for change. The chapter concludes by drawing out general lessons concerning how to support and maintain organizational preparedness for enterprise wide change in different industry settings.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Dental Implants Placed in Romanian Patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to assess the favorable or unfavorable progress of dental implants in a patient sample from Oradea, Romania, considering different variables. A secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of the study sample, as well as different aspects regarding the implants used. This retrospective study analyzed medical records from 1 January 2018, to 1 January 2022, of patients at a dental clinic in Oradea, Romania, who received at least one dental implant. Variables examined included gender, age, systemic diseases, implant location, implant type, and timing of insertion. Clinical and radiological evaluations, using CBCT immediately postplacement and at six months, assessed implant stability and absence of complications. A standardized three‐month loading time postinsertion was followed. Exclusion criteria included lack of follow‐up, implants placed elsewhere, or incomplete medical records. Quantitative variables were assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test and nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests). Fisher’s Exact test analyzed qualitative variables, with Z ‐tests and Dunn–Bonferroni tests providing detailed results. The study included 344 implants, with 153 (44.5%) placed in female patients and 191 (55.5%) in male patients. Most implants were bone level (61.6%, n = 212) and had a delayed placement (82.6%, n = 284). The majority were situated in the upper posterior dental arch (39.2%, n = 135). Notably, 96.5% ( n = 332) of the implants exhibited a positive outcome, irrespective of age, gender, or associated systemic diseases. Immediate postextraction implants displayed a significantly higher association with a negative outcome (41.7% vs. 16.6%), whereas delayed placements were more frequently linked with a positive outcome (83.4% vs. 58.3%) ( p = 0.040). Employing established techniques and protocols for dental implant insertion led to consistently positive outcomes, irrespective of the implant type, insertion timing, or location. Patient’s age, gender, and associated diseases did not significantly impact implant outcome, highlighting the robustness of these methods in achieving favorable results.
Can Mobile Phones Contribute To Gender Equity And Improved Nutrition In Smallholder Farm Households? Panel Data Evidence from Uganda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mobile phone (MP) technologies have been widely adopted in developing countries. Previous research has shown MP use to enhance market access through information exchange and market price integration. However, the impact of MP use on several smallholder welfare aspects has barely been investigated. In particular, we are not aware of any studies that have analyzed the effects of MP use on gender equity and nutrition – two welfare dimensions of particular importance in the context of United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs). We address the gap by using a two wave balanced panel data from smallholder farm households in Uganda to examine the impact of MP use on household incomes, gender, and nutrition. Using regression models, we find that, MP use is positively and significantly associated with improvements in household income, women empowerment, and dietary diversity. Gender disaggregated analysis shows that female MP use bears stronger associations. Female MP Use’s positively associated influences on dietary diversity are channeled through increased incomes and women empowerment. These effects are due to lower transaction costs and better access to information through MP use.
Emergency Suprapubic Catheterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

dren over 7 who have life-long nocturnal enuresis.without symptoms of emotional disturbance.We encountered the following snags even then:1.The child slept so heavily that the buzzer failed to wake him.2. The child woke and lay screaming, apparently too frightened to move or turn off the bell, or became too frightened to use the hell after one or two tries.3. The child was difficult about using the
Reproductive patterns, pregnancy outcomes and parental leave practices of women physicians in Ontario, Canada: the Dr Mom Cohort Study protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Surveys and qualitative studies suggest that women physicians may delay childbearing, be at increased risk of adverse peripartum complications when they do become pregnant, and face discrimination and lower earnings as a result of parenthood. Observational studies enrolling large, representative samples of women physicians are needed to accurately evaluate their reproductive patterns, pregnancy outcomes, parental leave practices and earnings. This protocol provides a detailed research plan for such studies. Methods and analysis The Dr Mom Cohort Study encompasses a series of retrospective observational studies of women physicians in Ontario, Canada. All practising physicians in Ontario are registered with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO). By linking a dataset of physicians from the CPSO to existing provincial administrative databases, which hold health data and physician billing records, we will be able to retrospectively assess the healthcare utilisation, work practices and pregnancy outcomes of women physicians at the population level. Specific outcomes of interest include: (1) rates and timing of pregnancy; (2) pregnancy-related care and complications; and (3) duration of parental leave and subsequent earnings, each of which will be evaluated with regression methods appropriate to the form of the outcome. We estimate that, at minimum, 5000 women physicians will be eligible for inclusion. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Board at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (#18–248). We will disseminate findings through several peer-reviewed publications, presentations at national and international meetings, and engagement of physicians, residency programmes, department heads and medical societies.
Large scale commercial pretreatment facility treats nonhazardous wastewaters at former municipal WWTP

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Numerous small to medium sized industries and commercial businesses generate nondomestic, nonhazardous water-based waste streams. These waste streams are normally contained temporarily, then hauled off site for pretreatment prior to allowable release into public disposal systems. Industrial Water Recycling, Inc. (IWR) purchased a 4.5 million gallon per day (MGD) former municipal wastewater treatment plant and converted it into a nonhazardous treatment facility which pretreats waters hauled in by truck or drum. The facility uses physical, chemical and biological systems to process leachate, holding tank waters, grease trap wastes, coolant waters, oily wastes and waters with heavy metals. The unit processes are discussed in this paper and the plant`s sequential biological reactor (SBR) treatment system is described. The plant uses air stripping prior to the activated sludge process and treatment of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a biosoil filter. A high level of removal efficiency has been achieved in meeting IWR`s pretreatment discharge permit as shown in the plant operating data presented. Each load received is manifested in and is screened in accordance with IWR`s strict compliance plan. All loads are sampled and may be checked for pH, flash point, oil content, solids content, heavy metals, VOCs or other constituentsmore » to verify that it is nonhazardous and meets the manifest specifications.« less
A possible Correlation between the SNP rs10830963 of the MTNR1B Gene and Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (EOD) in A Sample of the Egyptian Population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a prime public health condition in Egypt.Along with the global development of T2DM, the frequency of T2DM diagnosed in adults < 40 years old has increased dramatically.Pancreatic Bcells express the MTNR1B gene, which expresses the receptor 1B of melatonin.Multiple large-scale genome-wide association studies and metaanalyses revealed a strong connection between the rs10830963 of the MTNR1B gene with fasting glucose and T2DM in many ethnic groups.This study aims to detect the link between rs10830963 and early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) in the Egyptian population.The rs10830963 was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing technology on 12 T2DM patients and 18 healthy controls group with an age range of 30 to 39 years.Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (CREAT), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were determined for both healthy and diabetic groups.Four T2DM patients (one male and three females) in addition to four healthy individuals (one male and three females) were found to contain the risk G allele when compared to the NCBI reference sequence using the T-Coffee online tool for multiple sequence alignment.Furthermore, the RNA secondary structure for reference and sample sequences with the rs10830963 was predicted in terms of minimum free energy (MFE) using the Vienna online tool, finding that there is a slight difference in MFE between the compared sequences, which may explain the upregulation of mRNA of the MTNR1B gene in presence of rs10830963.This study reveals a possible association between the MTNR1B gene variant rs10830963 and EOD in our Egyptian population sample.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MISOPROSTOL IN INDUCTION OF LABOUR IN PRELABOUR RUPTURE OF FETAL MEMBRANE IN NIGERIAN WOMEN: A MULTICENTER STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue compared to prostaglandin E2, has the advantage of being inexpensive and stable at room temperature, with its proven efficacy and safety. However studies on the effect of pH on the efficacy of misoprostol have yielded conflicting results. Thus its use in the induction of labour in patients with premature rupture of membrane requires further investigation. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of misoprostol in induction of labour in Nigerian women with prelabour rupture of membrane after 34 weeks of gestation. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty six Nigerian women with prelabour rupture of membrane who consented to participate in the trial were randomised into two arms of misoprostol and oxytocin. Labour was managed with WHO partograph. The primary outcome was the caesarean section rate and induction vaginal delivery interval. Results: The mean induction to vaginal delivery interval was significantly shorter in the misoprostol arm (504 mins) compared to 627 mins in the oxytocin arm (t=3.97; p=0.005). The caesarean section rate of 18.1% among the misoprostol arm was also significantly lower than the 41.4% recorded in the oxytocin arm (p=0.002). Among patients with Bishop score greater than 6 there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the outcomes measured. Conclusion: Misoprostol is not only effective but also safe when compared with titrated oxytocin in Nigerian parturients with prelabour rupture of membrane after 34 weeks.
Advances in cryopreservation methods for animal production and physiology

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This review aims to evaluate recent advances in cryopreservation techniques and their applications in animal production and physiology, with a focus on methods such as vitrification, cryoprotectant formulation, nanotechnology integration, cryomicroscopy, and genetic approaches. By analyzing current strategies and innovations, the review highlights improvements in reproductive outcomes while addressing ongoing challenges like cryoinjury, ice formation, and cryoprotectant toxicity. Ultimately, it concludes that cryopreservation is a transformative tool in animal breeding and biomedical research, requiring continued interdisciplinary refinement to enhance its efficacy and reduce limitations.
Gate-voltage-dependent charge transport in multi-dispersed polymer thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In semiconductor polymers, charge transport usually occurs via hopping between localized states, which are generally multi-dispersed due to multi-dispersed chemical structures, crystallinities, and phase segregations. We report a combined modeling and experimental study to investigate gate-voltage-dependent charge transport in field-effect transistors based on multi-dispersed polymers including semiconductor:semiconductor and semiconductor:insulator blends. Film-depth-dependent charge accumulation and transport are correlated with vertical composition profiles and film-depth-dependent energetic distribution of localized states. Even low gate-voltage could accumulate charges in any depth of the films, greatly increasing charge density in some (sub-) components for effective charge transport. Therefore, neither overall high crystallinity nor molecular ordering near the semiconductor-dielectric interface is necessarily required for high field-effect mobility (μFET). This study not only proposes a model for high effective μFET recently reported in some nearly amorphous polymer films and the “bislope feature” in their transfer characteristics but also helps improve transistor performances and exploit transistor operations via manipulating charge distribution in multi-dispersed films.