jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Carbon ion radiotherapy for sacral chordoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan has offered carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) since 1994 using carbon ion beams generated by the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The total number of cases treated with the HIMAC exceeded 5000 in July 2009. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of CIRT for sacral chordoma. The study included 95 patients with medically unresectable sacral chordomas treated between 1996 and 2007. The median age of the patients was 66 years. Of all the patients, 84 had not been treated previously and 11 had a locally recurrent tumour following previous resection. The carbon ion dose ranged from 52.8 to 73.6 GyE (median 70.4 GyE) in a total of 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks. The median clinical target volume was 370 cm(3). The overall survival rate at 5 years for all 95 patients was 86%, and follow-up survival time was 42 months (range, 13-112 months). The 5-year local control rate was 88% and median time to local failure was 35 months (range, 13-60 months). Of the 95 patients, 91% remained ambulatory with or without a supportive device. Two patients experienced severe skin or soft tissue complications requiring skin grafts. 15 patients experienced severe sciatic nerve complications requiring continuing medication. CIRT appears effective and safe in the management of patients with sacral chordoma and offers a promising alternative to surgery.
Contributions of Fathers to Children's Body Mass Index

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research was to determine if any relationship exists between preschool aged children's BMI and their father's BMI, father-child activity, parenting style, and child feeding style. A final correlation was performed to determine if any relationship exits between the father's parenting style and child feeding style. This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample. Forty-nine fathers and their 3 to 5 year old children were enrolled in the study via their childcare providers. The child's height and weight were measured to determine their body mass index. The child was required to be enrolled in a childcare setting for at least 25 hours per week. The biological father living with the biological mother completed the Father-Child Activity Scale, the Child Feeding Questionnaire, and Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire. The fathers reported their heights and weights to determine their body mass index. Results showed that the child's body mass index was positively related to their father's body mass index (p<.0001), the father's perception of their own past and current weight (p<.01) , the father's concern about their child's weight (p<.1), the father's perception of their child's past and current weight (p<.001), the father's authoritative parenting style (p<.01), and the gross household income (p<.05). An inverse relationship was observed between the child's body mass index and the father's pressure on the child to eat (p<.005), the number of hours worked per week by the father (p<.1), and the father’s educational level (p<.01). The father’s authoritative parenting style was positively correlated to their monitoring of what their child eats (p<.001) and their perceived responsibility of feeding their child (p<.01). The multiple regression model developed to predict the child’s body mass index included the father’s body mass index, perception by the father of their chi Id's past and current weight, the father's pressure on the child to eat, the authoritative parenting style, the father's educational level, the number of hours worked per week by the father, and the gross household income (p<.0001). In dual earning families that utilize childcare, the father's parenting style, feeding styles, and BMI does have a relationship to their child's BMI.
Tail-weighted measures of dependence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Multivariate copula models are commonly used in place of Gaussian dependence models when plots of the data suggest tail dependence and tail asymmetry. In these cases, it is useful to have simple statistics to summarize the strength of dependence in different joint tails. Measures of monotone association such as Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho are insufficient to distinguish commonly used parametric bivariate families with different tail properties. We propose lower and upper tail-weighted bivariate measures of dependence as additional scalar measures to distinguish bivariate copulas with roughly the same overall monotone dependence. These measures allow the efficient estimation of strength of dependence in the joint tails and can be used as a guide for selection of bivariate linking copulas in vine and factor models as well as for assessing the adequacy of fit of multivariate copula models. We apply the tail-weighted measures of dependence to a financial data set and show that the measures better discriminate models with different tail properties compared to commonly used risk measures - the portfolio value-at-risk and conditional tail expectation.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES: A MACEDONIAN REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in all patients with type 1 diabetes on pump therapy in Macedonia. The study was performed at University Department of Endocrinology in Skopje from January 2004 until December 2006. CSII was initiated in diabetics with poor metabolic control. HbA 1c , severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in the year before CSII were compared with the respective values during one-year pump treatment. Fourteen patients (6 male and 8 female) aged 18.9±6.4 years with type 1 diabetes were included in the study. The mean HbA 1c of 9.4±1.1% in one year pre-pump period decreased to 7.3±0.8% one year after CSII. The rate of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis was reduced upon switch to pump treatment in the next year. CSII is effective and safe treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes to achieve
Ventricular septal deffect and aortic imcompetence: clinical and haemodynamic study of 12 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of aortic incompetence complicating ventricular septal defect has been estimated as varying from 2-5% (Glasser et alii, 1972) to 5% (Nadas et alii, 1964). Although numerous publications have appeared describing the clinical, pathological and surgical aspects of this syndrome in different parts of the world, documentation of its occurrence in Asian patients has been rare except for reports from Japan (Tatsuno et alii, 1973; Mizuno and Saegusa, 1967). This paper describes our experience of 12 cases collected over 10 years.
Gluten challenge in children with coeliac disease. With special reference to dose dependence and impact on growth markers and growth hormone secretion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coeliac disease is a prevalent food intolerance in both children and adults, in which ingestion of gluten causes inflammation of the small intestine. This inflammation resolves upon gluten withdrawal, and gluten challenge induces relapse of enteropathy in susceptible individuals. To identify the impact of gluten dose upon the manifestations of coeliac disease, the outcomes of two defined gluten doses were compared using gluten challenges of fixed duration. The aims were to evaluate the effects of the two gluten doses on the small intestinal mucosa and on serological markers. Further aims were to explore the effects of these doses on symptoms, signs and liver function tests and to investigate whether the development of symptoms has an impact on gluten consumption. A symptom score (SS) and an enteropathy score (ES) were developed as instruments for evaluating dose differences. The impact of gluten challenge on growth markers and growth factors was explored and the relationship to other clinical parameters was evaluated, including spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion. The results showed the degree of enteropathy to be dose dependent, but anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) or endomysium antibody (EmA) levels were not. Ninety-four percent of the children relapsed within 4 weeks. The symptom score increased with increased gluten dose. Symptoms were common and correlated with the degree of enteropathy. There was a sex difference with more conspicuous change of weight and serum albumin in girls. The patients adapted their gluten consumption with respect to the prescribed dose and symptoms. A reduction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was observed. Part of the reduction of IGF-I was correlated with the development of enteropathy. Gluten challenge was however not associated with a reduction of spontaneous GH secretion.These studies demonstrate that lower gluten doses and a shorter duration than in previous studiesof gluten challenge may be used to confirm coeliac disease. Gluten doses of 0.2 g/kg/d may be used for gluten challenge in patients with "classic" presentation of coeliac disease.
Replicon-Specific Regulation of Small Heat Shock Genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Four genes coding for small heat shock proteins (sHsps) were identified in the genome sequence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens , one on the circular chromosome ( hspC ), one on the linear chromosome ( hspL ), and two on the pAT plasmid ( hspAT1 and hspAT2 ). Induction of sHsps at elevated temperatures was revealed by immunoblot analyses. Primer extension experiments and translational lacZ fusions demonstrated that expression of the pAT-derived genes and hspL is controlled by temperature in a regulon-specific manner. While the sHsp gene on the linear chromosome turned out to be regulated by RpoH (σ 32 ), both copies on pAT were under the control of highly conserved ROSE (named for repression of heat shock gene expression) sequences in their 5′ untranslated region. Secondary structure predictions of the corresponding mRNA strongly suggest that it represses translation at low temperatures by masking the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The hspC gene was barely expressed (if at all) and not temperature responsive.
ChemInform Abstract: The Povarov Reaction of Ethyl (18‐Carbomethoxyabieta‐8,11,13‐triene‐12‐imino)glyoxylate with Electron‐Donating Dienophiles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of FCAST System which is Standard of Large File Transfer of IETF : Enhancement in Header Stability and Packet Loss Recovery Ability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

본 논문은 IETF의 비실시간 데이터 멀티캐스트시스템 표준인 FCAST 전송 방식의 구현에 관한 내용이다. 특히, 반복 전송을 통한 패킷 손실 제어에서의 문제와, FCAST 헤더 생성 시에 생겨나는 문제를 해결한다. 먼저, 반복 전송을 통한 패킷손실 제어에서는 패킷 손실률(PLR, Packet Loss Rate)이 높은 경우, 과도하게 많은 반복전송 횟수를 필요로 하는 문제가 있었다. 이러한 문제는 패킷 손실이 각 패킷에 대하여 독립적이던 기존의 시스템에서 발생하는 것으로, FEC(Forward Error Correction)를 적용하여 패킷 손실이 들어온 패킷의 수에 연관되도록 하여 해결을 하였다. 다음으로, 헤더 생성에서의 문제는 지원하지 않는 확장자 데이터를 다른 데이터와 함께 반복전송하는 경우, 다음 반복 전송 횟수에서 헤더의 크기가 몇 바이트 증가하는 문제를 말한다. 본 논문에서는 헤더 생성 부분에서 지원하지 않는 확장자에 대한 경우를 추가함으로서 안정성을 향상시켰다. 구현된 시스템을 국제 클라우드망에서 테스트하여, 안정적으로 동작하는 것을 보인다.
Resource-efficient routing strategies in multihop wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the first part of our work, we present a trigger-based distributed routing (TDR) protocol for real-time QoS support in mobile ad hoc networks that takes advantage of location and mobility information of neighboring nodes to reduce nodal database overhead and control traffic compared to the other reported approaches. We demonstrate that forwarding reroute query packets along at most two downstream nodes gives the optimum performance in terms of high rerouting success and low control traffic. Two user mobility models are developed, based on which the TDR protocol performance are evaluated and compared with the existing competitive QoS routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks.
Next, we consider energy-efficient data forwarding in wireless sensor networks. We present a meshed multipath routing protocol (M-MPR) with selective random forwarding (SRF) of packets that enables the field nodes to communicate with the monitoring/control station via distributed control. Our studies show that M-MPR outperforms its equivalent disjoint multipath routing. We also show that for a given end-to-end throughput, SRF performs superior to the limited flooding approach in terms of network resource usage. With the observation that SRF along meshed multipath has better load balancing performance but its throughput performance is worse than the selective preferential forwarding (SPF) approach, we propose a new hybrid packet forwarding scheme that combines the benefits of higher throughput in SPF and better load balancing in SRF.
Finally, for studying the impact of physical and link layers on the network performance, we consider a wireless CDMA sensor network. We characterize the multiaccess interference (MAI) at a receiver for a uniformly random node distribution and study the MAI versus net work connectivity trade-off. In search for improved network performance and low-cost sensor realization, we introduce a triangular topology and compare it with two other previously-considered regular topologies (hexagonal and square grid) as well as the random topology under two receiver designs and two signature code assignments. We show that with properly chosen and maintained network topology, significant reduction in system cost can be achieved via simplified receivers and short length codes.
Successful Immunoadsorption with Membrane Plasmapheresis for Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixteen patients (mean age, 36.4 years) with multiple sclerosis were treated with immunoadsorption membrane plasmapheresis (IAP). Using an immunoadsorption column containing polyvinyl alcohol gel, IAP was performed two times a week for 2 weeks, followed by once a week for 2 months, and then every 2 weeks. The volume of perfused plasma was 3 liters for each IAP. Activity of natural killer (NK) cells and helper T cells was significantly (p < 0.01) increased after IAP therapy. In addition, muscle power improved in all patients. Walking ability improved in four patients, standing ability in six, and sitting ability improved in seven. Most patients showed improvements in ability to lie still, sensory disturbance, visual disturbance, and urinary complications. No adverse effects were associated with IAP treatment. These findings indicate that IAP therapy is effective for multiple sclerosis.
Projection of future gastric cancer incidence and health‐care service demand by geographic area in Kanagawa, Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Projections of future gastric cancer incidence and the demand for health‐care services for gastric cancer patients by geographic area will assist local authorities in determining health‐care needs, allocating medical resources, and planning services. This study aims to project the future incidence of gastric cancer, estimate the number of patients per medical institution, and decompose the net changes in cases to assess the impact of population aging by geographic area. Our projections are based on population‐based cancer registry data, census data from 2000 to 2020, and the projected population for 2025–2045 in Kanagawa, Japan. We classified Kanagawa into urban, town, outer city, and rural areas based on geographic and population features. The number of medical institutions providing gastric cancer treatment was used to estimate the number of patients per medical institution. We projected a decrease of 25%, 52%, and 5% in gastric cancer cases in towns, outer cities, and rural areas from 2020 to 2045, respectively. However, cases are expected to increase by 9% in urban areas, primarily due to population aging. The annual number of gastric cancer patients per medical institution in urban areas is expected to increase from 54 to 59, while numbers in other areas are predicted to decline from 2020 to 2045. Our long‐term projections indicate that the number of older gastric cancer patients will continue to increase in urban areas. While current measures effectively reduce gastric cancer risk, they need to be revised to address the impact of population aging.
From Silent Precursor to Persistent Reporter: Intracellular Targeting of a Quinone Methide for Triarylmethyl Radicals Accumulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Real-time monitoring of critical tumor microenvironment parameters, such as intracellular pH, remains challenging yet essential for understanding cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. We recently observed that the trityl radical OX063 undergoes consecutive oxidation to a diamagnetic quinone methide (QM) under superoxide-generating conditions in culture media with high thiol concentrations. This is followed by thiol-mediated reduction to OX063-OH: a structurally modified, pH-sensitive trityl radical in which one carboxyl group is replaced by a hydroxyl moiety. In this study, we developed a method to target this QM adduct within the intracellular compartment by conjugating it to a cell-penetrating peptide for active transport. Inside cells, the QM adduct converts into the free OX063-OH spin probe. This intracellular probe persists over 10-fold longer than when measured in vivo, where it is rapidly cleared by the kidneys. We demonstrate that this trapped intracellular spin probe effectively reports on physiological properties, including intracellular pH and mobility. It provides a signal strength sufficient for in vivo imaging of these intracellular parameters for over 15 h. This technology has potential applications in metabolic diseases (such as lysosomal storage disorder) as well as studying tumor oxygenation. This redox-activated probe establishes a novel strategy for the noninvasive assessment of tumor acidosis, with significant implications for personalized diagnostics and therapy evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of the Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis Enzyme MurD.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The share of anthropophytes in the tree stands of urban forests in Katowice (Silesian upland, S Poland)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Urban forests are an important element of nature in highly urbanised areas. Due to their specificity (e.g. fragmentation, disturbances, alien propagule pressure), they are particularly susceptible to the penetration of alien species. The aim of this study was to determine the share of alien species in the tree stand structure of urban forests in the city of Katowice (Upper Silesian Industrial Region). A total of 50 woody species were recorded in the analysed stands, including 31 native species and 19 of alien origin. The share of alien species in the stands of individual forests was significant, as they constituted from 15% to 44% of the total number. Among the 20 trees most frequently included in the stand, as many as six are species of alien origin ( Robinia pseudoacacia L., Padus serotina (Ehrh.) Borkh., Acer negundo L., Quercus rubra L., Juglans regia L. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall). The most abundant species were Robinia pseudoacacia , Quercus rubra and Padus serotina . The local potential of alien woody species was determined using the index of their abundance in the understory; the highest value of the average abundance index was obtained by Padus serotina , Robinia pseudoacacia , Acer negundo and Quercus rubra . Most alien tree species were more likely to inhabit forest edges (ecotone zone).
Saving Energy in Homes Using Wi-Fi Device Usage Patterns

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reducing power usage in the residential sector is a global problem. Appliances used for space heating, cooling, and lighting are the primary sources of home energy consumption, increased costs, and CO2 emissions. Such devices are a significant source of energy wastage if they are left on and not being used. This article proposes a solution to reduce energy wastage in smart homes. The solution consists of a method to detect the presence of resident activities in the household based on Wi-Fi devices. It presents a model for identifying the Wi-Fi devices that are similar in usage compared to the resident's appliances using machine learning techniques. In addition to displaying the device usage charts, this solution helps in automatically turning off such appliances when they are not in use. A controlled experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the solution. The results indicate that this approach can significantly reduce energy wastage in the homes.
Free-Electron-Driven Terahertz Laser on a Micro-Nano-Grating Dielectric Waveguide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, there has been a growing interest in integrated terahertz (THz) sources for various applications in communications, spectroscopy and sensing. Traditional THz sources are too large to adapt to the development of THz technology on chip, so miniaturized THz sources are urgently needed. A free-electron-driven THz laser based on a micro-nano-grating structure is elucidated in this paper. To achieve miniaturized terahertz sources, we study achievable THZ radiation from electrons and an array of electrons atop a micro-nano-grating dielectric waveguide. In our study, 35-keV electrons generates $\mathbf{9.5}-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ THz radiation at the Bragg resonance of a $\mathbf{175}-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ long silicon grating with a $\mathbf{1.5}-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ thickness and $\mathbf{1.75}-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ period. The vertical distance between the electron and the structure is 550 nanometers. The work is promising for developing efficient on-chip THz radiation sources and boosts advanced THz applications.
A Practical, C Programming Architecture for Developing Graphics for In-Vehicle Displays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a practical, C programming architecture for developing graphics and graphical user interface (GUI) software for in-vehicle displays such as those found in automotive telematics, shipboard engine control panels and airplane glass cockpits. This paper will compare C graphics to several other methodologies for writing in-vehicle display software. It will also discuss techniques for mixing C graphics with application code written in object oriented languages such as C++ and Java.</div>