jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Selecting Features for the Next Release in a System of Systems Context

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart Cities are developing in parallel with the global trend towards urbanization. The ultimate goal of Smart City projects is to deliver a positive impact for the citizens and the socio-economic and ecological environment. This involves the challenge to derive concrete requirements for (technical) projects from overarching concepts like Quality of Life (QoL) and Subjective Well-Being (SWB). Linking long-term, impact oriented goals with project outputs and outcomes is a complex problem. Decision making on requirements and resulting features of single Smart City projects (or systems) is even more complex since cities are not like monolithic, hierarchical and well structured systems. Nevertheless, systems engineering provides concepts which support decision making in such situations. Complex socio-technical systems such as smart cities can be characterized as systems of systems (SoS). A SoS is composed of independently developed systems that nevertheless provide a higher-level integrated functionality. To add new functionality to a SoS, either existing systems must be extended or new systems must be developed and integrated. In both cases, the extension of functionality is usually done in small increments and structured via software releases. However, the decision which features to include in the next release is complex and difficult to manage when done manually. To address this, we make use of the multi-objective next release problem (MONRP) to search for an optimal set of features for a software release in a SoS context. In order to refine the search in an early planning phase, we propose a technique to model and validate the features using the scenario modeling language for Kotlin (SMLK). This is demonstrated with a proof-of-concept implementation.
Entry Deterrence, Divisionalization, and Investment Decisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Entry Deterrence, Divisionalization, and Investment Decisions Get access E. C. H. Veendorp E. C. H. Veendorp Clark University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 106, Issue 1, February 1991, Pages 297–307, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937918 Published: 01 February 1991
Immunological Aspects of Infections with Schistosoma Mansoni

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary 1. Antibody studies in the sera from human subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni have revealed the presence of cercarial precipitins, cercarial agglutinins, and circumoval precipitins. Adult precipitins were also detected, but in low titers and in a small per cent of the sera tested. 2. There were differences observed in the concentration of these antibodies as related to the duration of infection. In early infections (40 to 240 days after exposure to cercariae) cercarial precipitins and agglutinins have high titers but become low or negative in infections of long duration (10 years and over). Circumoval precipitins are present in both recent and old infections but become more active in older infections. 3. The adult, cercarial, and egg antibodies as produced by artificial immunization of the rabbit are stage specific. Treatment of rabbit anti-serum with lyophilized adult or cercarial material results in the absorption of the homologous but not of the heterologous antibodies. Treatment of anti-adult, anti-cercarial, and anti-egg sera with egg material absorbs only the homologous and the cercarial antibodies. This postulates a cercarial factor in the egg. 4. No circumoval precipitins were detected in the sera from mice with single sex infections. This provides further evidence confirming stage specificity of the circumoval antibody which only develops in the presence of eggs. 5. Successful Fuadin therapy as determined by repeated negative stools and rectal biopsy reduces the circumoval activity of sera. This effect was observed within a year after therapy. The reduction in circumoval precipitin content of serum may be used as a test to determine the therapeutic effect of Fuadin or other anti-schistosome drugs. The circumoval precipitin test, therefore, is both of diagnostic and prognostic value. 6. Intradermal response to egg antigen differs from that elicited against adult and cercarial antigens in that a negative reaction is observed in active cases. The skin response becomes positive after treatment of infection. 7. Knowledge of stage-specific antibodies, and the time during the course of infection when their concentrations are highest, is of great importance in the serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Stage-specific antibodies are also of great interest in the study of the mechanism of acquired immunity to schistosomiasis.
The phenomenon of social maladjustment among young people. Specifics, causes, solutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the article is to characterize important features of the phenomenon of social maladjustment among young people. In its methodological aspect, the article is in the form of a review and is based on the analysis of sources in which the issue of social maladjustment of youth is adressed multidimensionally, over a long period of time. In general, three interrelated issues were addressed. Firstly, there are issues related to the way of understanding and defining the phenomenon of social maladjustment among young people, which were presented based on approaches traditionally present in the subject's literature. Secondly, the causes of the occurrence of this phenomenon and the factors determining its dynamics were characterized. Thirdly, an attempt was made to present possible solutions to the problem of social maladjustment based on research findings presented in the subject's literature, particularly in the field of resocialization pedagogy, sociology, and criminology. These findings were confronted with the practical experience of the article's authors and their published research results. This allowed for emphasizing both the causal potential for preventing social maladjustment of youth as well as to discuss the main barriers in this regard. All this allows to look at the problem from a new perspective, which is expressed in the question of to what extent does social maladjustment fit into the content of Merton's thesis, according to which human behavior that deviates from the recognized social and legal norm is a normal reaction to abnormal, crisis circumstances or situations?
Studies of Bacterially Expressed dsRNAs Targeting PRSV HC-Pro Gene Inducing Resistance to PRSV

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A Hairpin RNA coding structure of the 824 bp region(from 2 274 to 3 097)of PRSV HC-Pro gene was constructed by the OZ-LIC method. After inserted into the plasmid pSP73,the structure was transformed into M-Jm109LacY of the RNaseⅢ-deficient strain and induced with IPTG. The recombinant E. coli strain could express H824-dsRNA that remained stable in the presence of DNase I enzyme and RNase A enzyme. We carry out a protective resistance assay and a therapeutic resistance assay. In the protective resistance assay,dsRNA was used to spray onto the plant surface before inoculation of papaya leaves with PRSV. Protective treatment experimental results showed dsRNA derived from the functional gene of PRSV could protect papaya plants from virus infection. ELISA analysis and Real-time RT-PCR results confirmed that the virus accumulation could be inhibited by dsRNA. In the therapeutic resistance assay,dsRNA was used to spray onto the plant surfaces 25 days after inoculation of papaya leaves with PRSV. ELISA analysis and Real-time RT-PCR results showed that the virus accumulation declined slightly after spraying dsRNA for 3 days.
Speed Harmonization and Peak-period Shoulder Use to Manage Urban Freeway Congestion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Traffic congestion is an increasing problem in the nation’s urban areas, leading to personal inconvenience, increased pollution, hampered economic productivity, and reduced quality of life. While traffic congestion tends to continuously increase, growth in transportation infrastructure is limited by financial and land availability constraints. This has placed an increasing emphasis on using dynamic traffic management strategies, such as speed harmonization and peak-period shoulder use, to efficiently manage congestion using existing freeway capacity. This project implemented various strategies of variable speed limits and shoulder use and assessed their impact on traffic operations and safety of freeways. These strategies were found to homogenize traffic and create safer driving conditions, but did not increase the throughput of the system. The intelligent transportation system (ITS) devices required to implement these strategies, enforcement issues, potential impediments in their implementations, and a framework for cost-benefit analysis to determine the economic viability are also discussed.
Nihil sub sole novum? A crítica jesuíta às explicações tomistas acerca da doutrina da iluminação

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on the explanation given by three sixteenth-century Portuguese Jesuits to the question on how the agent intellect illuminates the phantasm we analyze the criticism that the three make to a set of opinions presented by the via Thomistica to the problem at issue. In this study, the answer to the question about the production of the intelligible by the agent intellect is framed in the context of the controversy which took place at the end of the fifteenth century about the possibility of rationally demonstrating the immortality of the soul. The study shows that, in criticizing the position of the Thomists, the Jesuits aim to elaborate an answer that not only clearly shows the superiority, auto-nomy and immateriality of the agent intellect in the production of the intelligible but also serves as a solid foundation for demonstrating the immortality of the soul.
Economic Analysis of Profitability of Using Energy Storage with Photovoltaic Installation in Conditions of Northeast Poland

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This work presents an economic analysis of the use of electricity storage in PV installations, based on previously adopted assumptions, i.e., the type and location of the tested facility and comparative variants, divided into the share of the storage in the installation, and the billing system. The work takes into account the share of the energy shield and assumes a consumption limit of 2000 kWh. The cost of building the installation is based on July 2023 prices. The work assumes potential directions of changes in electricity prices, based on which the degree of investment profitability for a given price situation is determined. Depending on the adopted change in the direction of electricity prices, with a low price increase rate, for installations in the new billing system (net-billing), the optimal choice is an installation without energy storage with a power exceeding the actual energy demand. Assuming a high increase in electricity prices, the optimal choice is an installation with energy storage with an installation capacity exceeding the actual demand. For installations billed using the net-metering system, the optimal choice is an installation without storage with an appropriately selected installation power. This article shows how much you can gain after installing a PV installation and not only what costs must be incurred to complete the investment. Profit analysis will enable a more complete assessment of the profitability of investing in PV panels (with or without energy storage). It describes the verification of the profitability of a PV installation for a standard user depending on various types of settlements with the electricity supplier and the lack or installation of an energy-storage facility.
Towards improved knowledge about water-related extremes based on news media information captured using artificial intelligence

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in machine learning have enabled near real-time retrieval of information from textual documents impacting a wide range of knowledge domains. This advantage makes of the insight extracted from text-based documents (e.g., reports and news) on water-related events an invaluable source of information that complements traditional approaches. By leveraging machine learning, we can not only characterize the event and determine its magnitude or phases of extreme weather event, but also identify its core elements. This is especially crucial in the current era of climate change, where extreme weather events such as floods or thunderstorms are becoming more frequent and unpredictable. By improving our ability to detect and analyse such events, we can enhance our alert systems and take more effective action to mitigate their impact. In this paper we discuss the role of worldwide media observation in extracting and estimating hydrological characteristics of floods, droughts, and heat waves, through the analysis of three case studies, complementing the information provided by traditional monitoring and measurement methods as an earlier but weaker signal. The results presented in this study indicate that the news media signal can be regarded as relatively good proxy of flood dynamics. It can capture the temporal dynamics of the event, and, in some cases, there could be a clear up to 1-day lag between the peak discharge values (i.e., the most extreme flood situation) and the peak in the number of published news. This lag can be attributed to the time needed by journalists to respond to the situation in publishing related news articles covering the event. Our result show that national and regional news can cover well local events. When compared to floods, drought conditions are less explicitly detected from the media. Our result show that European April 2022 drought did not produce much activity in the media while the combination of drought and extreme heat in July 2022 yielded a significant media coverage throughout the Europe. Hence, this can be attributed to the fact that hydrological drought such as low river flows do not attract much attention by the media unless there is a significant impact on the society. Therefore, media signal can be regarded as a relatively good proxy of the hydro-meteorological conditions in case there is a significant impact on the society such as extreme floods causing many casualties and large economic damage.
Provider Education: Managing Depression in Cancer Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Depression is more prevalent and less often treated in cancer patients compared to the general population. Cancer can increase the risk of depression in multiple different ways, but depression can also increase the risk of cancer. Untreated depression in cancer patients can increase the risk of metastasis and worsen prognosis. The purpose of this project is to educate providers on the connection between mental health and cancer as well as provide them resources on how to approach and manage patients with cancer and depression.
Novel model for optimal coordinated voltage emergency control against voltage collapse

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A novel optimal coordinated voltage emergency control (OCVEC) model is proposed in this paper. The model, which takes into account the dynamics of loads and discrete/continuous nature of controls, can coordinate dissimilar controls at different geographical locations in order to keep voltage stability against voltage collapse globally during an emergency. A heuristic integration index of the load bus voltage deviation is used as the voltage stability performance index. Based on the optimal control theory, the sensitivities of the performance index with respect to controls are derived rigorously. The sensitivities can be calculated out based on the quasi-steady-state (QSS) fast time domain simulation. The intractable OCVEC model can then be converted into a problem of mixed-integer linear programming. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated with numerical tests on the New England test power system. (6 pages)
Special Symposium on Advanced Hybrid Computing, San Francisco, California, 23-24 July 1975.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The symposium focuses on several recent technological advancements on both hardware and software, which makes it possible to develop an advanced hybrid computer system (ahcs). These advances, which include highly reliable, low-cost solid-state switching devices, advanced communication techniques and high-level hybrid programming languages, provide the AHCS with automatic patching and scaling, remote terminal access for time-slicing the system and complete programmability in a high-level, CSSL-type language. As a result, this system will be easily programmable by the non-hybrid-oriented user, yet still maintain the 30:1 cost and speed advantages over pure-digital systems for solving dynamic problems. Although designed as a stand-alone system, the AHCS could easily be linked to any large-scale digital computer to allow the access of hybrid computer programs or routines for use in digital programs. Even if the next generation of digital machines is ten times faster than today's, the AHCS will still be two to three orders of magnitude faster for dynamic simulation problems, and will market for less than one-tenth the cost.
Taking a Walk through Rome…: Comedic Itineraries and Early Republican Spatial Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The application of memory studies to the exploration of Classical antiquity has advanced the view of the image of Roman topography as a work in progress, alike in literary imagination and architecture. These approaches focus on the texts of the Augustan age and the Early empire, when the memory of the Roman past is both revisited and canonized. Drawing on this discussion, I focus on reminiscences of journeys through Middle Republican Rome as transcribed in Roman comedy, and I explore them from a variety of perspectives working in correlation. Sojourning across the Roman landscape in Roman comedy is a multi-layered self-conscious composition that reflects contemporary politics and cultural trends. The texts I analyze include the Choragus’ description of the Forum in Plautus’ Curculio and Demea’s fool’s errand in Terence’s Adelphoe. In my analysis these travelogues serve, in their peculiar ways, as witnesses to the transformation of the Roman cultural identity in the aftermath of the Roman expansion eastwards and of the image (or memory) of the civic landscape of the capital as a result of the building activity in the posthannibalic era. In the Choragus tour, Plautus offers an impressionable, lasting overview of the early 2nd c. Republican Forum, and underscores its Italian character by associating landmarks with comic types originating in the Italian comic tradition. Demea’s fool’s errand in the Adelphoe, on the contrary, traces an itinerary that is deliberately vague, communicating the different ways in which different individuals mentally read space narratives in a geographically pre-canonized society.
Adaptation and Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Instability Studied by Statistical Modeling~!2009-12-10~!2010-02-20~!2010-03-30~!

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is known that irradiation stress induces late intracellular processes and adaptation.In this paper, we formulate the adaptation hypothesis.On its basis, we present statistical modeling of cellular distributions on the number of chromosomal abnormalities in root meristems of pea seeds that experienced low-dose-rate irradiation, high temperatures, and aging.The modeling shows that multiple appearances of chromosomal abnormalities can be explained as a result of primary or late processes caused by DNA damage, with or without cell selection, which can be described with geometrical or Poisson distributions, respectively.The connections between the late intercellular processes (the "bystander effects") and late intracellular regulatory processes are considered.It is shown that combinations of low-dose-rate irradiation, high temperatures, and aging lead to synergistically increasing instabilities and decreasing seed survivals.Approaches to risk estimation of chromosomal instability are investigated in plant cells and in human blood lymphocytes.Risks of instability were estimated as values of distribution parameters dependent on radiation intensity in ecology and in generations of persons who experienced radioactive fallouts from nuclear tests.We conclude that statistical model of adaptation describes intraand intercellular processes of genetic instability coupled with selection, and that the risks of these processes can be calculated as model parameters.
Theoretical study on keto–enol tautomerism and isomerization in pyruvic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Isomerization and tautomerism of 12 isomers of pyruvic acid including 4 keto and 8 enol forms were studied at the MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory using 6‐311++G(2df,p) basis set, separately. Activation energy ( E a ), imaginary frequency ( υ ), and Gibbs free energy (Δ G # ) of the considered isomerization and tautomerism reactions were calculated. Interconversion of the enol forms proceeds through two paths: (i) proton transfer and (ii) internal rotation. Activation energies for the proton transfer paths were in the range of 125–145 kJ/mol and for the internal rotation paths were in the range of 5–45 kJ/mol. Keto–enol tautomerism of pyruvic acid proceeds only through proton transfer route and their activation energies were in the range of 200–300 kJ/mol. Effect of microhydration on the transition state structures and activation energies was also investigated. It was found that the presence of a water molecule catalyzes the isomerization and tautomerism reactions of pyruvic acid so that the activation energies decrease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.