jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Retinotopic mapping with fMRI in awake, behaving infants

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Drastic changes in visual processing occur in the first years of life, yet little is known about how visual cortex develops during this period in humans. Retinotopic mapping has been performed in children as young as five, and the organization of their visual cortex was found to be adult-like (Gomez et al., 2018). However, whether this is true in younger infants and toddlers is unclear. On one hand, visual acuity and functions improve substantially over the first 12 months (Maurer & Lewis, 2001), suggesting that visual cortex may undergo reorganization. On the other hand, a hierarchical and topographic proto-organization has been observed from birth in non-human primates (Arcaro & Livingstone, 2017). Here we investigate how the organization of human visual cortex develops by conducting retinotopic mapping using fMRI in infants. Retinotopy in infants is a challenge for two key reasons: (1) they provide low quantities of data because of motion and fussiness, and (2) it is not possible to ensure fixation during stimulus presentation. These issues make modern travelling-wave paradigms infeasible. We instead adopted block designs that were robust to eye movements: meridian mapping to identify polar-angle boundaries between areas (Schnieder et al., 1993) and full-field spatial frequency modulation to map eccentricity (Arcaro & Livingstone, 2017). These tasks engaged infants, allowing us to obtain sufficient data in 6 sessions with 5 infants between 5 and 18 months. In all participants, we observed strong and selective evoked fMRI activity in visual cortex that distinguished horizontal versus vertical meridians and high versus low spatial frequencies. In infants over a year old, for whom we have succeeded in making surface reconstructions for flat mapping, we see clear evidence of hierarchically and topographically organized visual areas. In these participants, we are able to delineate and quantify regions up to ventral V4 and dorsal V3.
Mabuhay: a documentary poetry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis, a collection of documentary poetry, examines the historical, cultural, and colonial implications of overseas migration in the Philippines, looking specifically at the plight of the overseas Filipino worker (OFW) as well as my own experiences as a balikbayan. The project employs a variety of forms and texts, including poetry, prose, letters, interviews, and photographs to address relevant issues in Filipino American studies, such as immigration, colonialism, national identity, and language. More importantly, this collection aims to present the stories and voices of Filipina women, who are often silenced, marginalized, and pushed into the realms of invisibility.
Technologies in interpreter-mediated criminal court hearings an actor-network theory account of the interpreter’s perception of her role-space

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Her Majesty’s Courts Service in England and Wales has been subject to various changes within the past seventeen years. New working methods have been adopted, while the introduction of technologies has revolutionised the legal sphere. Since 2000, courts in England and Wales have indeed been increasingly using videoconference (VC) technologies to speed up the legal process, to enhance security, and to reduce costs, all of this in a context of budgetary constraints. Such VC pieces of equipment mean that all parties are not required to be physically in attendance in court for a case to be heard. In fact, a defendant may attend his pre trial court hearing from his detention centre since the courtroom and the prison will be linked via cameras, screens, and microphones. Interestingly, the court interpreter can be called to interpret in either location. <br/> \n<br/>Even though some may embrace the advent of technological tools available in court interpreting, the effect that they may have is still unknown. Some studies have explored various linguistic and para-linguistic features of Videoconference Interpreting (VCI). However, although the court interpreter’s role, from a conduit to that of an active participant, has been widely researched in Interpreting Studies (e.g. Hale, 2008; Martin and Ortega Herráez, 2009), the role of the court interpreter when interpreting via VC systems is an under-researched field. <br/> \n<br/>In this context, this thesis examines the interpreter’s perception of her role, whether she is located in court or in prison, through the analysis of eighteen interviews conducted with practising court interpreters. Building on research carried out on the use of VCI in court and the court interpreter’s role in a face to face setting, this study adopts an interdisciplinary approach by examining the interpreter’s role perception through the lens of role-space and that of Actor Network Theory. <br/> \n<br/>It is argued that the interpreter’s perception of her role-space varies, depending on whether she considers herself, in Actor-Network Theory terms, as a primum movens or not, alongside the role-space axes of presentation of self, participant alignment, and/or interaction management. Furthermore, the court interpreter deploys many-but-mostly-covert role interessement devices to ensure that the other court actors rally on the interpreter’s perception of her role. This thesis ends with various recommendations as to how the court interpreter can re-align her role-space when interpreting in VCI. \nKey words: Actor-Network Theory, Court Interpreting, Role Perception, Role Space, Videoconference Interpreting.
A homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring time between events

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In high‐quality processes, non‐conforming events rarely occur, and the time between events (TBE) is more likely to follow a skewed distribution, such as gamma distribution. This paper proposes a gamma distribution‐based one‐sided homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring the TBE. The proposed control chart is known as the HWMA_TBE control chart. The HWMA_TBE control chart monitors the downward shifts in the process, that is, a decrease in inter‐arrival time that can lead to the process deterioration. The Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to compute specific performance indicators, such as average run length (), standard deviation run length , extra quadratic loss (), relative average run length (), and performance comparison index (). Based on these performance indicators, the HWMA_TBE control chart is compared to some competing control charts. The comparison suggests that the HWMA_TBE control chart is more efficient than the competing control charts. Moreover, this paper also investigates the robustness of the HWMA_TBE control chart, which indicates that the HWMA_TBE control chart is more robust than the competing control charts. In the end, two examples are provided, one with boring machine failure data and the other with breast cancer survival data, to evaluate the implementation of the HWMA_TBE control chart for practical situations.
AutYOLO-ATT: an attention-based YOLOv8 algorithm for early autism diagnosis through facial expression recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition resulting from abnormalities in brain structure and function, which can manifest as communication and social interaction difficulties. Conventional methods for diagnosing ASD may not be effective in the early stages of the disorder. Hence, early diagnosis is crucial to improving the patient's overall health and well-being. One alternative and effective method for early autism diagnosis is facial expression recognition since autistic children typically exhibit distinct facial expressions that can aid in distinguishing them from other children. This paper provides a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based real-time emotion recognition system for autistic kids. The proposed system is designed to identify six facial emotions, including surprise, delight, sadness, fear, joy, and natural, and to assist medical professionals and families in recognizing facial expressions in autistic children for early diagnosis and intervention. In this study, an attention-based YOLOv8 (AutYOLO-ATT) algorithm for facial expression recognition is proposed, which enhances the YOLOv8 model's performance by integrating an attention mechanism. The proposed method (AutYOLO-ATT) outperforms all other classifiers in all metrics, achieving a precision of 93.97%, recall of 97.5%, F1-score of 92.99%, and accuracy of 97.2%. These results highlight the potential of the proposed method for real-world applications, particularly in fields where high accuracy is essential.
ANALYSIS OF CALORIFIC VALUE OF ANIMAL MANURE BY MAKING FUEL PELLETS OF DIFFERENT COMPOSITES

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Every year millions of tons of agricultural and animal waste are generated which are either destroyed or burnt
inefficiently in loose form causing air pollution. The use of agricultural and agro-industrial waste as biomass fuel for
power generation like briquettes or pellets can be an alternative solution to the problems related to their disposal &
pollution. Clean and dry residue pellets are an ideal fuel for combustion in small scale installations. This project
aims at finding the best substitute of wood, so that it can be eco-friendly. In this project we have tried to make pellet
machine aiming to frequent generation of pellets and also tried to generate different composites of different biomass
materials to make manure pellets by using biomass materials like wheat straw, dry leaves, groundnut shell, rice
husk, saw dust and animal manure. After preparing pellets, we let them dry completely in sunlight. Then the analysis
of the calorific value of pellets produced of different composition is done by determining their fixed carbon
percentages. At last, the calorific values of prepared pellets are compared with the calorific value of wood.
Reference Data and Multi-Factorial Methods for Development of Modern Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

3D-models describe the basic factors used in the recognition and classification of data necessary for the understanding of the structure and for development of cutting-edge materials, and also for choosing the optimal methods to process them. A multi-factorial approach is used to describe the states of multi-component materials and the principle of inheritance of properties of elements connected with empirical relationships specific for the choice of alloying elements for each industry sector. Examples are given of test measurements of the characteristics of the structure and properties of elements used in key materials of modern technologies, as well as some compounds based on them. High accuracy data ensure the evaluation and consistency of results from various sources and, consequently, reliability of data in the tables, attested as the Standard Reference Data, which can be used during the development of materials and as normative documents to accelerate the transfer of knowledge directly into technology. Along with the empirical relationships and scientific principles, these SRD tables also support the development of modern integrated databases. The recommended values of characteristics derived from high-precision databases with enhanced reliability of information enables more efficient transfer of knowledge into technological processes. They help realize this much quicker by reducing the volume and time for the testing of advanced materials and products used in innovative technologies.
Circular dichroism studies on synthetic peptides corresponding to the cleavage site region of precursor proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The conformations of synthetic peptides which span the region in which the precursor part of proteins (signal sequences) destined for export are cleaved by signal peptidases, were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Pentapeptides comprising amino acids only from the carboxy‐terminus of signal sequences or the amino terminus of the mature protein do not have any preferred conformation in a variety of solvents. Octa‐ and nonapeptides containing amino acids from the carboxy‐terminal protion of signal sequences and the amino‐terminus of the mature portions of precursor proteins tend to adopt β‐turn conformations in trifluoroethanol and micelles of sodium dodecylsulphate. Hence, in addition to the distribution of amino acids with small side chains at the carboxy terminus of signal sequences, it is conceivable that signal peptidases also recognize a β‐turn conformation in the cleavage site region of precursor proteins.
Finding Dense Subgraph for Community Detection on Social Network Based on Information Diffusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Finding communities on the social network has become a fascinating research area in social network analysis. Unfortunately, many community detection methods that had been proposed still use the underlying network topology to find communities inside the network. The underlying topology is not always available to retrieve completely because of the size of the data or due to the data confidentiality. For that reason, the method cannot find communities inside the social network accurately. In this article, we focus on detecting communities on social network using a method for searching dynamic dense subgraph without need any prior knowledge about the underlying network structure. The proposed method, Dense CoDi (community diffusion based on density), estimates the network structure from information diffusion process and finds the communities based on the method for discovering dynamic dense subgraph whose edges occur in short time intervals. We evaluate the proposed methods on synthetic and real datasets, which prove that the algorithm can detect communities from a network where information related to its main topology is completely unknown and the obtained communities provide richer knowledge compared to the communities detected by the existing method.
C2-Cofiniteness of the Vertex Algebra WhenLis a Nondegenerate Even Lattice

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In [3 Abe , T. , Buhl , G. , Dong , C. ( 2004 ). Rationality, regularity, and C 2-cofiniteness . Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 356 : 3391 – 3402 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]], Abe, Buhl, and Dong showed that, when L is a positive definite even lattice, the vertex algebra and its irreducible weak modules satisfy the C 2-cofiniteness condition. In this article, we extend their results by showing that the vertex algebra and its irreducible weak modules are C 2-cofinite when L is a negative definite even lattice and when L is a nondegenerate even lattice that is neither negative definite nor positive definite.
Aerial radiological survey of US Department of Energy sites in Ames, Iowa. Date of survey: May 1977

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An aerial radiological survey to measure terrestrial gamma radiation was carried out over five areas totaling 10 km/sup 2/ within the town of Ames, Iowa. Gamma ray data were measured over Ames Laboratory, several sections of downtown Ames, and the surrounding area. This was accomplished by flying parallel east-west lines 61 m apart. Processed data indicated that three areas showed increased activity levels of at least twice average background: the reactor, the waste treatment area, and a small area near the airport runway.
ENTREPRENEURIAL PEDAGOGY: TEACHING ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN HIGH SCHOOLS OF SANTA CRUZ DO CAPIBARIBE IN PERNAMBUCO

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: the present study aims to analyze the understanding of teachers of the subject "Life project and entrepreneurship" in schools in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE, regarding entrepreneurial competencies and the entrepreneurial pedagogy method Theoretical Framework: Entrepreneurial education is indicated as a fundamental tool for the formation of new entrepreneurs, disseminating an entrepreneurial culture in the population and proving vital for a country's economy, as it enables the perception of obstacles and opportunities and their utilization to create new companies. Method: The approach of this work is qualitative with a descriptive nature, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 15 teachers from state public schools. For data analysis, emphasis was placed on the technique of content analysis. Results and Discussion: From the bibliographic analysis, it is noted that entrepreneurial competencies can be learned and developed, especially in the school environment, and as main contributions, it was observed that the interviewed teachers believe that the stimulation of entrepreneurial competencies during entrepreneurship education is important for the personal, professional, and social development of students. Research Implications: This research highlights the need for better teacher training in entrepreneurial pedagogy to enhance the effectiveness of teaching entrepreneurial competencies in schools. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the current state of entrepreneurial education in public schools in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE. It sheds light on the perceptions of teachers regarding entrepreneurial competencies and the entrepreneurial pedagogy method, revealing both the potential and the shortcomings of the existing educational practices.
Advances in Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Function on Plant Growth Facilitation and Their Mechanisms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In modern times, agriculture has been a major cause of environmental degradation due to both natural and artificial factors. However, there is a silver lining in the form of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), a beneficial microbial community present in the rhizosphere soil of plants. PGPR can adjust soil pH, reduce the burden on plants, and accelerate their growth, making it an excellent choice for sustainable agriculture. This article delves into the mechanism of how PGPR promotes plant growth and highlights its impact under different environmental conditions. The aim is to promote the use of PGPR biofertilizers, which could revolutionize the field of agriculture and pave the way for a greener future.
Quantizing for Correlation Decoding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increase in error rate due to quantizing is examined for the special case of a digital correlation decoder such as can be used for orthogonal and other block codes. Three types of effect are considered separately: 1) the increase in variance, which is proportional to the square of the quantum interval; 2) a threshold, proportional to the quantum interval, caused by the ambiguity when the received signal correlates equally with two code words; 3) the effect of limiting. Approximations are obtained for small quantizing loss, the case of greatest interest since the object of correlation decoding is high efficiency. For a 7-bit biorthogonal code and a total of 16 quantum levels the increase in error rate is computed as a function of the quantum interval, and an optimum is found.
BRCA1 promoter methylation in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1043 Using primary tumors and the breast cancer cell line UACC3199, we have demonstrated that inactivation of BRCA1 by promoter methylation is associated with decreased BRCA1 gene copy number, reduced transcripts and chromosome 17 aneusomy, as observed in tumors from BRCA1 mutant carriers (Wei M et al. 2005). BRCA1 promoter methylation has been observed in 11 to 31% of sporadic primary tumors . To understand the mechanism of transcriptional down-regulation of BRCA1 bypromoter methylation, we screened DNA from 51 cultured breast cancer cell lines by methylation-specific PCR, and identified HCC38 as another BRCA1-promoter methylated cell line. There was low mRNA and protein expression in HCC38 and UACC3199 cells compared with the promoter unmethylated MCF-7 cells. After transient treatment with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR)/trichostatin A (TSA) or Zebularine/TSA, re-expression of BRCA1 mRNA and BRCA1 protein were detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Bisulfite DNA sequencing of the BRCA1 promoter region revealed that the proportion of methylated CpG dinucleotides located at positions -533, -355, -173, -21 decreased dramatically in demethylated UACC3199. To test the hypothesis that methylation of those CpG cites may affect binding of transcription factors to the BRCA1 promoter and consequently cause down-regulation of BRCA1, we systematically analyzed the binding of four transcription factors (CTCF, Sp1, CREB and E2F) to the BRCA1 promoter using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). The four transcription factors bind to the unmethylated BRCA1 promoter in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, the four transcription factors failed to bind to the methylated BRCA1 promoter in UACC3199 cells. Following treatment with 5-aza-CdR and TSA, three of the four transcription factors were able to bind to BRCA1 promoterin the demethylated UACC3199 cells. This indicated that reduced accessibility of transcription factors to the methylated promoter is one of the mechanisms for down-regulation of BRCA1 in heavily methylated UACC3199 cancer cells. Future work will investigate if a similar mechanism affects transcription factors binding in HCC38 cells. Our results demonstrated that down-regulation of BRCA1 by methylation is reversible, and methods to reverse this process may be clinically relevant in the treatment and/or prevention of breast cancer.