jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Primary Effusion Lymphoma/Extracavitary Effusion Lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and its solid counterpart, extracavitary PEL, is a rare, but unique, clinicopathologic entity, which is pathogenetically related to infection with the gamma herpesvirus, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8. Although it occurs primarily in individuals positive for human immunodeficiency virus infection with low CD4 counts, it can develop in other patient populations as well. The tumor cells, which are morphologically pleomorphic, are usually positive for Epstein-Barr virus infection, classically lack expression of B- and T-cell–associated antigens, and are often positive for activation antigens such as CD30 and epithelial membrane antigen. Molecular studies show that they are of B-cell origin but usually lack structural alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes such as MYC. However, without attention to clinical history, careful examination of the cytomorphology and investigation for the presence of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8, PEL/EC-PEL may be misdiagnosed or unrecognized. Here a case of PEL occurring in a patient positive for human immunodeficiency virus infection is described with a discussion of the pertinent cliniopathologic features of this unique entity.
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS): A Case Of Late Onset Presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CCHS or Ondine9s curse is a rare autosomal dominant disease, characterized by disorders of the autonomic nervous system, with abnormal ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. PHOX2B has been identified as the major disease causing gene for CCHS. It results from polyalanine repeat expansion mutations. It typically occurs in the newborn period, but some cases have been described on adults (late onset CCHS) and reflects the variable penetrance of PHOX2B mutations. A 48 year-old woman presented after an ovarian cyst surgery a severe hypoventilation requiring intubation. Arterial blood gas revealed a PO2 of 50 mmHg, a PCO2 of 80 mmHg and a pH of 7,22. Past medical history indicated poor apparent symptoms for few years. These included apneas, fitfully sleep and awakening with headaches. Physical examination and pulmonary function tests, lung tomography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem were normal. Polysomnography revealed many central and obstructive apneas and hypopneas (apnea-hypopnea index of 22/h) with severe hypoxemia (SpO2 average 75%) and hypercapnia (transcutaneous CO2 85mmHg). Non invasive ventilation was initially poorly tolerated. Finally, she responded to an adaptative servo ventilation. Hypoxia and hypercapnia tests showed no adaptation of the ventilatory response. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous five alanine expansion mutation of the 20-residue polyalanine tract in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene. The diagnosis of late onset CCHS should be considered in patients with unexplained hypoventilation after anesthesia, and physiologic evaluations documenting abnormal ventilatory response should be completed. The presence of a PHOX2B mutation confirms the diagnosis.
Prediction and optimization model of C4 olefin production based on random forest and chaotic particle swarm optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Predicting C4 olefin output and optimising operating variables in the production process are of great practical significance for China's petrochemical enterprises to reduce production costs and improve the quality of petrochemical products. Firstly, this paper uses the nonlinear least square method (PLS), combines the advantages of statistical regression and neural network, and uses nonlinear partial least square regression method based on a neural network to establish the nonparametric model of catalyst and temperature on ethanol conversion rate and C4 olefin selectivity. Based on the nonlinear partial least squares regression method based on neural network, the random forest model is constructed to construct decision trees for different catalysts and temperatures. Next, a chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is constructed to optimize the parameters. The discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is creatively designed and initialized by the label propagation method, and the feeding scheme for optimizing product quality is successfully provided, and the optimization result is good.
"It is all her fault": psychosocial correlates of the negative attitudes towards rape victims among the general population of Pakistan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Rape myths are marked for being false beliefs about sexual assault. With the problem being quite prevalent around the world, research has shown that numerous factors such as rape proclivity and perpetuation of rape myths are critical. The present study assesses the role of rape myths acceptance, rape victim empathy, and causal attributions towards rape victims as significantly predicting attitudes towards rape victims among the general population of Pakistan. Rape myths acceptance and causal attributions would significantly and positively predict negative attitudes towards rape victims. Method A cross-sectional research design was used for the study. The online survey questionnaire was filled by 573 participants including 275 males and 298 females who were selected through purposive sampling from the general population of Pakistan. The sample size was estimated using G*Power analysis with 95% confidence intervals. Data collection was done using Illinois rape myths, attitudes towards rape victim's scale, rape victim empathy, and causal attributions scale were used. Data analysis was done using Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical regression, MANOVA, and mediation analysis via AMOS, all of which were executed using SPSS 21.0. Results The findings showed that higher levels of rape myths acceptance, low empathy towards rape victims, and victim blaming are significantly associated with negative attitudes towards rape victims. There were no gender differences among the participants. However, rape victim empathy significantly mediated the association between rape myths acceptance and rape victim empathy. It was also found that rape myths acceptance, rape victim empathy, and causal attributions significantly predicted attitudes towards rape victims. Another core finding was that there were no gender differences among participants with regard to rape myths acceptance, rape victim empathy, causal attributions, and attitudes towards rape victims. Conclusions Therefore, the findings contribute towards a better understanding of the rape myths in the general population of Pakistan and how the prevalence of such myths may contribute towards social, cultural, and legal problems of rape myths. The study also provides policy implications for a region where rape victims experience higher levels of blame and limited legal backing and support.
Data communication using earth mobile terminals for LEO satellite constellations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Advanced Data Acquisition and Messaging (ADAM) system is an example of a communication payload that is being deployed in an ad-hoc LEO satellite constellation. The payload provides an efficient and reliable data acquisition system. The ADAM payload developed by ITR, Adelaide is currently flying on two LEO satellites, Australia’s FedSat and Korea’s K4 satellite. The ADAM payload is planned to support oceanographic data collection via sea based submersible mobile terminals. The development of these terminals forms the subject of this thesis.
Multidomain interventions for prevention of dementia: Achievements, challenges and future perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the aging of the population, the number of persons with dementia is expected to increase worldwide, making the establishment of preventive strategies for dementia an urgent issue. Several modifiable risk factors for dementia are known, and multidomain interventions that simultaneously intervene in multiple risks are becoming mainstream. This review aimed to overview multidomain intervention trials reported to date and ongoing trials regarding current challenges and future goals. Five multidomain intervention trials were published between 2015 and 2019, including the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), but consistent cognitive improvements were not evident. In the 2020s, seven of 10 trials reported the beneficial effects of multidomain interventions on cognitive outcomes in older adults. The other three trials failed to show significant cognitive improvement, partly due to the devastating impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Pre‐specified subanalysis showed improvements in dementia risk factors, such as physical inactivity and nutritional status. These results suggest that multidomain interventions can protect against cognitive decline in older adults at risk for dementia. The World‐Wide FINGERS Network was launched in 2017 to adapt and optimize findings to various geographic, cultural and economic settings, and to develop a global network of researchers working on preventing cognitive decline. Further development of the multidomain intervention is needed to enable social implementation considering the targets, delivery methods, scalability and cost‐effectiveness. Hopefully, in the future, dementia will be treated similarly to cardiovascular disease in terms of early detection and early intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 1015–1034 .
Stenotic lesions in dialysis-access fistulas: treatment by transluminal angioplasty using high-pressure balloons.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighty-four balloon dilatations of dialysis-access fistulas have been performed over a five year period. Fifty-two were done with polyethylene balloons and the last 32 with high-pressure Olbert balloons. Initial success was significantly greater with the high-pressure balloons, but long-term patency rates were similar. Use of high-pressure balloons and long inflation times is the method of choice for dilating venostenotic lesions in access fistulas.
Analysis of Financial Assistance on Graduation Rates and Grade Point Averages

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This investigation examined the different types of federal, state, institutional, employment, and loan programs available to students at an Illinois community college in order to determine the impact of these programs on student graduation rates and grade point averages. The method selected for this analysis was a quasi-experimental design because it allowed the researcher to determine the relationships between multiple preassigned groups. Data was collected from first-time students from multiple academic years and separated into groups based on the type of financial aid received including grants, loans, grants and loans, institutional scholarship, Federal Work Study, and no financial assistance. The independent variables were the different groups of financial aid and the dependent variables were the graduation rate and the grade point average. Findings were consistent with previous research and indicated statistical significance on graduation rates of students who received grants, institutional scholarships, and Federal Work Study over students who received only loans or no financial assistance. No statistical significance was found with grade point average. Based on these findings, it is suggested that community colleges continue to seek ways to make college completion a reality for students with financial need.
Crowning Miss Candy Week, Los Angeles, Calif., 1941

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

4 photographs of two men crowning "Miss Candy Week" during Candy Week at Van De Kamp Bakery. "Subject: Crowning 'Miss Candy Week', Client: Van De Kamp Bakers, Walter Van de Kamp, Operator's Report -- Name: DW" -- on envelope
Characterization of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum isolates originating from pneumonic piglets, the first isolates from piglet lungs in Yugoslavia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is rarely isolated from clinical),material either in human or veterinary medicine. As for our country, there is only one official report with regard to the isolation of A. haemolyticum from material of animal origin. Pathologically altered parts of the lungs from piglets with pneumonic symptoms, were streaked aerobically and microaerophilically and the suspect colonies were tested with a double CAMP test. The positive inverse CAMP with Staphylococcus aureus and synergistic haemolysis with Rhodococcus equi prompted us to direct our investigations to A. haemolyticum. The API Coryne Bio Merieux set was used to make the diagnosis and later evaluated using a software programme from the same manufacturer. The diagnosis was: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum with an identity probability of 99,9 % and 7= 0,75. The only departure from the identification table was recorded for a -glucosidase, which was negative in all the tested isolates.
Farm to School Programs as a Tool for Food System Sustainability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Are Farm to School Programs being utilized by communities as a component of agricultural sustainability? This initial question led to a larger inquiry as to what agricultural sustainability tools communities are incorporating, with Farm to School Programs as a component, and what roles, or potential roles, planners are playing in program creation and implementation. A literature review of the current food system, sustainability threats imbedded within the system, and the potential for local food system planning, specifically Farm to School Programs, to overcome these threats provided a framework for research on the agricultural sustainability tools being planned for within communities and roles planners may be playing in program creation and implementation. Two surveys, one to planners in communities whose mayor voluntarily signed the U.S. Mayors' Climate Action Plan Agreement and one to planners in communities with a known Farm to School Program, were implemented to answer the posed research questions. Findings indicated that while the American Planning Association is advocating food system planning and agricultural sustainability, many communities are still not implementing these practices. Farm to School Programs are not widely planned for specifically, but some communities are incorporating agricultural tools that indirectly help to create and sustain the programs. These tools may provide the needed support for future inclusion of the programs within a planning document.
[The role of the epidemiological survey in childhood tuberculosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

All epidemiological inquiries in tuberculous children are centralized and processed in the Institute of Pneumophtisiology. The analysis of 4,171 inquiries processed during 1985-1992 shows: after 1985 an increase of diseased children is noted. This increase is higher in gipsy children, whose weight reached 38.7% out of the total in 1992; the tb. children were found out mainly by symptoms and in 20-25% by ascendent epidemiological inquiry; the bacillary sources which infected the children have been found out by ascendent epidemiological inquiry in 70% of cases; the infection sources consisted mainly in new lung tb. cases in adults (78-82%), relapses (6-8%) and chronic cases (12-14%). In certain areas, the weight of chronic cases as infection sources exceded 20%.
Mitochondrial phylogeography of the long-eared bats (Plecotus) in the Mediterranean Palaearctic and Atlantic Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Long-eared bats of the genus Plecotus are widespread and common over most of the western Palaearctic. Based on recent molecular evidence, they proved to represent a complex of several cryptic species, with three new species being described from Europe in 2002. Evolutionary relationships among the different lineages are still fragmentary because of the limited geographic coverage of previous studies. Here we analyze Plecotus mitochondrial DNA sequences from the entire Mediterranean region and Atlantic Islands. Phylogenetic reconstructions group these western Palaearctic Plecotus into two major clades which split at least 5 Myr ago and that are each subdivided into further subgroups. An Ôauritus groupÕ includes the traditional P. auritus species and its sister taxon P. macrobullaris ( ¼ P. alpinus) plus related specimens from the Middle East. P. auritus and P. macrobullaris have broadly overlapping distributions in Europe, although the latter is apparently more restricted to mountain ranges. The other major clade, the Ôaustriacus group,Õ includes the European species P. austriacus and at least two other related taxa from North Africa (including P. teneriffae from the Canary Islands), the Balkans and Anatolia (P. kolombatovici). The sister species of this Ôaustriacus groupÕ is P. balensis, an Ethiopian endemic. Phylogenetic reconstructions further suggest that P. austriacus reached Madeira during its relatively recent westwards expansion through Europe, while the Canary Islands were colonized by a North African ancestor. Although colonization of the two groups of Atlantic Islands by Plecotus bats followed very distinct routes, neither involved lineages from the Ôauritus group.Õ Furthermore, the Strait of Gibraltar perfectly segregates the distinct lineages, which confirms its key role as a geographic barrier. This study also stresses the biogeographical importance of the Mediterranean region, and particularly of North Africa, in understanding the evolution of the western Palaearctic biotas.
Oral hypomethylating agents: beyond convenience in MDS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Oral hypomethylating agents (HMAs) represent a substantial potential boon for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who have previously required between 5 and 7 visits per month to an infusion clinic to receive therapy. For patients who respond to treatment, ongoing monthly maintenance visits represent a considerable burden to quality of life, and for those who are early in therapy, these sequential visits may tax transportation and financial resources that would be optimally distributed over the treatment cycle to facilitate transfusion support. The availability of oral HMAs may support the optimal application of these agents by contributing to adherence and lessening the burden of therapy, potentially encouraging patients to stay on longer-term treatment. Distinct pharmacokinetic profiles for the recently approved oral HMAs (oral azacitidine and decitabine-cedazuridine) result in differential toxicity profiles and have prompted their clinical trial development in lower- and higher-risk MDS, respectively.
Sequence elements in the human osteocalcin gene confer basal activation and inducible response to hormonal vitamin D3.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Osteoblast-specific expression of the bone protein osteocalcin is controlled at the transcriptional level by the steroid hormone 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. As this protein may represent a marker for bone activity in human disease, we examined the regulation of its expression at the molecular level by evaluating human osteocalcin gene promoter function. We describe regions within the promoter that contribute to basal expression of the gene in osteoblast-like cells in culture. Further, we define a 21-base-pair DNA element with the sequence 5'-GTGACTCACCGGGTGAACGGG-3', which acts in cis to mediate 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inducibility of the osteocalcin gene. This response element bears sequence similarity with other short DNA segments, particularly those for estrogen and thyroid hormone, which act together with their respective trans-acting receptors to modulate gene transcription.
Direct Piercing of Ag Nanowires into Living Macrophages: Implications for Nanotoxicity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High aspect ratio nanomaterials, such as nanowires, are known to exhibit unique properties and have a wide range of applications owing to their geometry and small diameters. Prior work has indicated that silver nanowires (AgNWs, more than 15 μm long) could lead to frustrated phagocytosis in lung macrophages, whose characteristics differ from those among the micro- and macro-wires with the same chemical compositions. This work unveils whether other pathways occur upon exposure of living cells to AgNWs. Using high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy, the precise locations of AgNWs with respect to cells can be visualized upon exposure of a macrophage cell line, NR8383 cells, to AgNWs. Cellular membranes and intracellular components, such as actin, are also tagged to allow direct and detailed visualization of cellular components with respect to AgNWs during exposures. Direct piercing of AgNWs into cells was captured, where a portion of wires was poked into a cell without significant structural perturbation of its local surroundings. While AgNWs were predicted to be able to poke through the cell membrane from computation studies, direct piercing has not been experimentally observed until the present work. Other scenarios include frustrated phagocytosis and failed attempts by AgNWs to pierce due to the membrane wrapping of the invading portion of the AgNWs resisting their entry. The comprehensive studies of AgNW–cell interactions are of fundamental importance in understanding nanocytotoxicity and nanotoxicity. The knowledge gained shall facilitate the development of preventive measures for the potential adversarial impacts of nanowires on the environment and human health, thus enabling broader applications of nanomaterials.
Revisiting trends of morphology of antennal sensilla in Scarabaeoid beetles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phytophagous scarab beetles associated with Angiosperms have characteristically enlarged lamellate antennae and exhibit a striking morphological variation of sensilla. In this study, we compared the morphology of antennal surface of 62 species Scarabaeoidea using SEM microscopy, particularly also in light of their evolution in association with Angiosperms. We investigated the correlation of antennal sensilla morphology, i.e., their structure and distribution, with species diversity and lineage diversification rates. A high diversity of sensilla was observed but also multiple transitional forms, even on the same antennomere. We interpreted this as evidence for a high evolutionary plasticity. We recognized clear patterns of convergence and repeated evolution of certain types of placoid sensilla. One main tendency found in the phytophagous Pleurostict chafers was a shift from sensilla trichodea to placoid-like sensilla, apparently also enhanced by the increase of the lamellate antennal surface, either by size or number of the lamellae. This trend occurred not only in the Pleurosticts, but also in Glaphyridae, a second Angiosperm-associated lineage of Scarabaeoidea. However, our results suggest no direct relation between species diversity or the rate of diversification and general sensilla morphology, i.e., the origin of placoid sensilla. This could be explained by species-poor lineages also possessing placoid sensilla but also by otherwise successful and species rich groups having sensilla trichodea (e.g., dung beetles). Results further reveal the need to refine current phylogenetic hypotheses by more comprehensive taxon sampling and to expand the molecular characterization of pheromones and odor binding proteins to better understand the role of chemical communication in scarab diversification.