jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The business of aviation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

AIR Commodore F. R. Banks, C.B., O.B.E., C.Eng., Hon.F.A.I.A.A., Hon.F.R.Ae.S., R.A.F. (Retd.), made some trenchant comments on the aircraft industry and its value to the nation's economy when he gave his Presidential Address before the Royal Aeronautical Society early in July. He said that he got very tired of hearing that this and that aircraft project would cost so many millions, as if the monies were to be spent all in one lump and then thrown away with little or no return, when in fact the expenditure was always spread over some years and the Treasury got about half of it back by taxation. He suggested that Ministers should restrain themselves from giving such block busting figures without fully explaining their significance. Some of the other main points he made are given below.
Triticum aestivum L. AGG 13553 WHEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L.
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: H 842
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 13553 WHEA
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 2022-09-27
Other identifiers: n/a,CPI 42069, n/a,GANDUM SOCKHAY
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Experimental study of a textural transition in liquid crystals under shear stress induced by surface friction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Results of a study of the optical response of liquid crystals with helical supramolecular structure to surfacefriction-induced shear stress in aerodynamic experiments are reported. The effect of re-orientation of molecules from confocal (light-scattering) to planar (selectively reflecting light) texture is considered. The textural transition is examined by the spectral and colorimetric methods. Dependences of the reflection spectra of the formed planar texture on time and on the mean shear-stress level were obtained. It is shown that the dependence of the texture transition time on the shear-stress level can be approximated, in a logarithmic scale, with a linear dependence; this allows using the effect for flow diagnostics.
Vaganova the Dancer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter outlines Agrippina Vaganova's early years as a ballet student in tsarist Russia at the Imperial Ballet School, and her subsequent career as a dancer with the Mariinsky (formerly known as the Kirov) Ballet. It traces the pedagogical influences on her own methodology, including teachers such as Nicolas Legat, Olga Preobrajenskaya, and discusses Marius Petipa's relationship to the dancer during her career.
Supersonic Transport Grid Generation, Validation, and Optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The ever present demand for reduced flight times has renewed interest in High Speed Civil Transports (HSCT). The need for an HSCT becomes especially apparent when the long distance, over-sea, high growth Pacific rim routes are considered. Crucial to any successful HSCT design are minimal environmental impact and economic viability. Vital is the transport's aerodynamic efficiency, ultimately effecting both the environmental impact and the operating cost. Optimization, including numerical optimization, coupled with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, has and will offer a significant improvement beyond traditional methods.
TH‐C‐137‐11: Dose‐Guided Automatic IMRT Planning: A Feasibility Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To develop and evaluate an automatic planning technique for prostate cancer utilizing prior expert plan's dose as guidance. Methods: A plan atlas was created using 10 expert prostate IMRT plans covering a variety of typical anatomical configurations. The target includes both prostate and seminal vesicle. Additional 9 patients (query cases) were used to test the automatic planning, which started by matching the query case to the atlas based on the overall PTV‐OAR anatomical configuration. The anatomy of the matched atlas case is then linked to the query case via deformable registration in MIM Maestro™, which provides fine local‐regional matching. Following the same anatomical deformation, the expert dose in atlas is warped onto the query case, creating the goal dose conforming the query case's target. DVH objectives were sampled from the goal dose to guide automatic IMRT treatment planning in Eclipse™ for the query case. Dosimetry comparison between dose‐guided automatic plans (DAPs) and clinical plans for query cases are reported. Results: Generating goal dose is highly efficient with customized workflows in MIM™. The deformation registration provides a realistic goal dose for the query cases in terms of dose fall off at the PTV‐OAR junctions and PTV conformity. The automatic planning takes ∼2.5 min (∼70 iterations) without human intervention. Compared to clinical plans, DAPs improved the PTV conformity index from 1.031±0.044 for expert plans to 1.005±0.019 (p=0.04). Other dosimetric parameters are similar between DAP and clinical plans (p>0.1): homogeneity indices are 0.073±0.010 and 0.079±0.015; Bladder‐gEUDs are 3917±352 cGy and 3934±354 cGy; Rectum‐gEUDs are 3923±256 cGy and 3932±323 cGy, respectively. Conclusion: Dose‐guided automatic treatment planning is feasible and efficient. Atlas‐based patient‐specific DVH objectives can effectively guide the optimizer to achieve similar or better plan quality compared to clinical plans.(The authors thank Adam Neff from MIM Software Inc. for technical supports.) The study is partially supported by NIH grant and a Varian master research grant.
Managing innovation networks in the knowledge-driven economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Innovation has been widely recognized as the key driver of economic growth. However, in the knowledge-driven economy, the nature of innovation is changing. Both technologies and innovations are becoming more complex as the knowledge content has increased. Due to the amount of different knowledge domains, individual players cannot develop anymore all the competencies necessary to create innovation in the knowledge-driven economy. Successful innovators therefore join to form innovation networks that allow them to source flexibly competencies and to offer innovations that are complete solutions and not just products. The traditional linear model from research and development as a basis of innovations is thus shifting to a model with a wide network of sources and partners integrating complementary competencies. Managing innovation in such a network poses new challenges for companies as they need to adapt their way of working and develop 'networking' competencies. In this paper, success factors are derived that networks and companies need to adopt to create innovation. For the support of the management of such networks, the innovation roadmapping methodology is proposed. Previously only applied for innovation management in individual organizations, innovation roadmapping should be used as a means to identify and exploit ideas and to align the innovation efforts in the network.
Assessment of Genetic Variability for Three Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Cultivars Grown in Egypt, Using morphological Characters, Essential Oil Composition and ISSR Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual spice herb that belongs to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family with widely diversified uses. Genetic variability, essential oil composition and ISSR molecular markers for seven characters in ten selected genotypes within three coriander cultivars were studied. Field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant (p<0.01) differences among and within coriander cultivars for all the characters, except total number of branches which showed significant (p<0.05) among the genotypes. Heritability and genetic advance were high for fruit yield, linear growth and plant height in selected followed by Russian and Balady cultivars. Essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation was characterized by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) indicated that, ten different compounds were identified in essential oil of all varieties. Linalool, Nerol, Bornel, Gereniol and -Terpinene were identified as main components in the oil of all cultivars. Linalool was identified as the main compound and the maximum value in Russian (69.50) followed by Selected (65.48) and Balady (62.53) cultivars, respectively. ISSR results with five primers revealed 26 amplified fragments, 12 of them were polymorphic (46%). The similarity indices and dendrogram for the genetic distances of ISSR marker revealed that the highest similarity was (71%) between the Russian and Selected cultivars. Meanwhile, the lowest (58%). Similarity index was between the Balady and Russian cultivars. These results can be used in further genetic diversity studies for genotypes identification and characterization which can be helpful in breeding programmes for crop improvement.
An Evaluation of Selected Methods of Classifying Farms According to Type

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A good set of farm records provides useful information for management purposes.Such records become even more useful if farms can be classified so that comparisons can be made between farms of like characteristics.The greater the similarity, the more realistic comparisons for management become. The purpose of this study is to evaluate methods of classifying farms by type.The study will include a comparison of different methods with particular attention given to the stability in classification as weather, prices, and other factors affecting production change. Some of the findings of this study show that no one method of those analyzed will provide the perfect solution to classifying farms under all possible conditions.In order to keep a method simple and easily applicable, some variation must be expected where unusual circumstances are experienced.There was wide variation in the classification of a given farm under the different methods used. Advisor: Philip A. Henderson
A simplified wall-based model for regional innervation/perfusion mismatch assessed by cardiac 123I-mIBG and rest 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT to predict arrhythmic events in ischaemic heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims Cardiac 123iodine-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging provides information on regional myocardial innervation. However, the value of the commonly used 17-segment summed defect score (SDS) as a prognostic marker is uncertain. The present study examined whether a simpler regional scoring approach for evaluation of 123I-mIBG SPECT combined with rest 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging could improve prediction of arrhythmic events (AEs) in patients with ischaemic heart failure (HF). Methods and Results Five hundred and two ischaemic HF subjects of the ADMIRE-HF study with complete cardiac 123I-mIBG and rest 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT studies were included. Both SPECT image sets were read together by two experienced nuclear imagers and scored by consensus. In addition to standard 17-segment scoring, the readers classified walls (i.e. anterior, lateral, inferior, septum and apex) as normal, matched defect, mismatched (innervation defect &gt; perfusion defect), or reverse mismatched (perfusion defect &gt; innervation defect). Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) were used to determine if age, body mass index, functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), norepinephrine, 123I-mIBG SDS, 99mTc-tetrofosmin SDS, innervation/perfusion mismatch SDS, and our simplified visual innervation/perfusion wall classification were associated with occurrence of AEs (i.e. sudden cardiac death, sustained ventricular tachycardia, resuscitated cardiac arrest, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy). At 2-year median follow-up, 52 subjects (10.4%) had AEs. Subjects with 1 or 2 mismatched walls were twice as likely to have AEs compared with subjects with either 0 or 3–5 mismatched walls (16.3% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.010). Cox regression analyses showed that patients with a visual mismatch in 1-2 walls had an almost two times higher risk of AEs [HR 2.084 (1.109–3.914), P = 0.001]. None of the other innervation, perfusion and mismatch scores using standard 17 segments were associated with AEs. BNP (ng/L) was the only non-imaging parameter associated with AEs. Conclusion A visual left ventricular wall-level based scoring method identified highest AE risk in ischaemic HF subjects with intermediate levels of innervation/perfusion mismatches. This simple technique for the evaluation of SPECT studies, which are often challenging in HF subjects, seems to be superior to the 17-segment scoring method.
Identification of Features of Rare Risk Events in Oil Refineries Using Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accidents in the process industry can be prevented and their consequences mitigated by performing proper risk analyses to inform decision making.Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is one of the main frameworks used for risk assessment and the identification of all hazards, which a plant is exposed to.There are crucial tasks to ensure the comprehensiveness of QRA that are carried out by the examination of a set of engineering documents by experts during structured meetings.The hazards identified are stored as textual data in documents, which retain valuable information about the risks related to the analyzed system.In this context, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have emerged as a way for extracting, organizing and classifying relevant information from text.However, a challenge arises when we are interested in addressing catastrophic accidents that are rare and for which, thus, only limited information is available.Some accidents are actually postulated as possible in principle, but there are no historical occurrence records.Developing techniques to characterize features about such rare events is a challenging task, yet quite useful for QRA, whose outcomes would guide designing preventive measures and supporting decision making.In this paper, we applied data augmentation (DA) and investigate different configurations to address the rare event issue.DA is applied to obtain a balanced and sufficiently large training set.The final aim of this work is developing a model capable of characterizing relevant features about rare or unseen accidental scenarios in support to hazard and operability study (HAZOP) and preliminary hazard analysis (PrHA).
Evaluating the Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Enhancing Muscle Strength Among Athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Vitamin D is essential for musculoskeletal health, and a deficiency can affect muscle performance. Athletes, especially those training indoors or in areas with limited sunlight, may lack sufficient vitamin D. Aim: This review examines how vitamin D supplements affect muscle strength in athletes across different sports. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014-2024. Studies examining vitamin D supplementation in athletes and its impact on muscle strength outcomes were included. Data on dosage, duration, baseline vitamin D levels, and muscle strength assessments were extracted and analyzed. Results: Four RCTs were identified, with supplementation doses from 600 IU to 5000 IU daily. The results indicate that vitamin D supplements significantly improve lower limb strength, power, and recovery in athletes with initial vitamin D insufficiency (levels below 30 ng/mL). For athletes with sufficient vitamin D levels, supplements had little to no impact. Factors such as the length of the intervention and initial vitamin D levels were important in determining the outcomes. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplements can benefit athletes with a deficiency, enhancing muscle strength. However, they show limited effects on those with adequate vitamin D. Future research should focus on determining the ideal dosing and examining the long-term impact of supplements on athletic performance.
Trends in media coverage in president Joko Widodo's final term

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Media ownership by specific groups or individuals can influence the news narrative. Media may not always be neutral due to ownership factors causing bias, especially when conflicting political interests are involved. This study aims to determine the influence of ownership on news content, particularly Media Indonesia's coverage leading up to the end of President Joko Widodo's term. The study used quantitative content analysis to assess the tone of news coverage regarding the Five Presidential Work Priorities (2019-2024), as published in Media Indonesia's e-paper from 1 March 2023, to 29 February 2024. The results indicate a tendency for Media Indonesia to report negatively on Joko Widodo as his term ends. The critical coverage of President Joko Widodo's performance in Media Indonesia, a newspaper owned by Surya Paloh, is directly linked to the escalating political tensions leading up to the 2024 Election. These tensions involve both President Joko Widodo and Surya Paloh, highlighting the complex interplay of political interests and power dynamics as the election approaches.
Principals’ Discursive Framing and Communications and Educators’ Job Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative interview study investigated principals’ discursive frames and communications during the COVID-19 pandemic. The six leader interviews that comprise this study’s dataset were drawn from a purposeful sample of schools with variable educator job satisfaction survey results. A combination of deductive and inductive coding of the interview data informed by framing theory was conducted. This analysis revealed that leaders of schools with the least amount of change in educator job satisfaction during the pandemic drew upon diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational frames and used a variety of communication strategies that encouraged collaboration and cooperation. Findings suggest that while all principals in this study shared similar challenges and all increased the frequency of their communications during the pandemic, how principals framed uncertainty, listened to and responded to staff concerns, and communicated using different modes and with different stakeholders contrasted in schools with variable educator job satisfaction changes. This study holds implications for school principal crisis-management communications and future study of them.
Measuring state transportation program performance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The challenge associated with measuring performance is complex, often subjective and controversial, and requires careful and prudent forethought. Such is the case in determining the feasibility of making valid comparisons of the performance of state highway systems and evaluation of methodologies used or proposed for use in making such comparisons. This report states the finding and conclusions of a study undertaken to: 1) assess the current practice in comparative program/system evaluation; 2) explore the feasibility of making comparison of the performance of state highway systems; 3) define the characteristics of methodologies used and proposed for use in making such comparison; and 4) propose appropriate actions. An annotated bibliography of pertinent literature is provided in an appendix and is summarized in the report for highway, transportation, and nontransportation cases. Of note were examples of performance measures, system comparisons, and the issues associated with the use or non-use of particular factors. A conceptual framework for program assessment is presented with more focus and description given to three major elements of an assessment methodology: performance measures, input variable, and external factors. The report concludes with a series of observations that provide direction to conducting any comparisons of state highway performance. It is concluded that the performance evaluation of a state's highway program is, and will continue to be, an important component of highway management. However, this review has made it clear that a comparative evaluation of state highway program performance is: 1) an extremely complex activity that must take into account the many external factors that could influence the value of the input or output variables or the relationship between the two; 2) dependent upon the underlying assumption of the cause-effect relationship that is common to all of the programs being evaluated; and 3) dependent upon several characteristics of the data themselves that make consistent and reliable comparative estimates very difficult to do. In summary, no report in the literature was found that provided a sufficiently complete framework and accounting of the above considerations that produced pertinent or constructive comparative evaluation. Following Appendix B in this report is a supplement entitled Exploring Methodologies for Comparing State Highway Performance by T.F. Humphrey, M.D. Meyer, and C.M. Walton (pages 31-95).
A miniaturized low profile high gain dual polarization antenna for 5G application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a miniaturized low-profile high-gain broadband dual-polarized antenna with 5G operating band. The low-profile design of the antenna is realized by using the broadband AMC, and the effective radiation area of the antenna is increased through the double-feed design to achieve the effect of increasing the gain. Furthermore, a compact dual-polarization feed network design is realized by using a single substrate, which further ensures antenna gain and reduces antenna manufacturing costs.
Proton affinities and heats of formation of the imines CH2NH, CH2NMe and PhCHNH

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The proton affinities of the imines CH2NH, CH2NMe and PhCHNH have been determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass Spectrometry to be 854 ± 8 kJ mol–1, 880 ± 8 kJ mol–1 and 908 ± 8 kJ mol–1, respectively. These results lead, in conjunction with known ΔHf0 values for the protonated species, to ΔHf0(CH2NH)= 69 ± 8 kJ mol–1, which is significantly lower than previously reported in the literature, and to ΔHf0(CH2NMe)= 44 ± 8 kJ mol–1. The proton affinities of the small imines are between the values for the corresponding amines and nitriles. The decrease in proton affinity with the change in hybridization of the nitrogen atom from sp3 to sp2 to sp is discussed together with the increase in proton affinity upon introduction of a methyl group on either the carbon atom or the nitrogen atom in CH2NH.