jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IC‐P‐136: APATHY AND REDUCED STRIATAL UPTAKE IN DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Patients with DLB have reduced striatonigral uptake on DaTscan consistent with dopamine deficiency, a pattern not observed in AD. While motor associations of DaTscan results are known, non-motor, neuropsychiatric features require further investigation. DLB patients may experience apathy, depression, hallucinations, anxiety and delusions. We sought to determine whether different neuropsychiatric features are associated with DaTscan striatonigral uptake in DLB. DaTscan imaging was performed 3-6 hours after injection of 3-5 mCI of 123 I Ioflupane (DaTscan). Circular ROIs were placed over the right and left putamen and caudate of each subject. Identical ROIs were placed over ipsilateral occipital cortical tissue. The means of the right and left putamen to occipital ratios (mPOR) and caudate to occipital ratios (mCOR) of uptake were analyzed and compared with presence/absence of apathy, depression, hallucinations, anxiety and depression as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for DLB patients. Since non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) patients and amnestic MCI patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (aMCI/RBD) are more likely to progress to DLB, these patients were analyzed with DLB. 19 DLB patients (mean age 69.5 years, 17 male), 13 naMCI patients (mean age 66.7 years, 12 male, 11 with RBD), and 2 aMCI/RBD patients (mean age 74, 1 male) underwent DaTscan. The mPOR ± SD was 1.89±0.7 and mCOR was 2.16±0.7. Apathy was present in 13/19 DLB, 7/13 naMCI and 1/2 with aMCI/RBD. DLB patients with apathy had decreased uptake in the caudate (p=0.008) and putamen (p=0.04). The presence of hallucinations, depression, anxiety, and delusions was not associated with uptake in the putamen or caudate. Apathy is associated with reduced striatonigral uptake in DLB and MCI at risk for DLB. This finding is consistent with lesional studies of the caudate where the most common behavioral abnormality is apathy and the notion that apathy in Parkinson's related disorders is partially dopamine dependent. More work is needed to determine if apathy in DLB is associated with disruption of the frontostriatnonigral networks and/or other core clinical DLB features or neurochemical systems.
[The effect of diltiazem on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics and on the blood rheological properties in patients with ischemic stroke and atherosclerotic involvement of the major cerebral arteries].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overall thirty-five patients with ischemic insult against the background of occlusive lesions of major arteries of the head were evaluated for effects of cardil on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics and rheologic properties of blood. It has been shown that cardil increases significantly cerebral bloodflow predominantly on the side of the stenosis, does not cause intracerebral "stealing" in the acute phase of insult, improves bloodflow to the brain and collateral blood supply in the residual phase due to selectivity of its influence on cerebral vessels, lowers arterial pressure, decreases frequency of contractions, as well as cardial and stroke indices, and volume of circulating blood. The drug suppresses aggregatory properties of thrombocytes and erythrocytes during different stages of ischemic insult, and makes blood viscosity somewhat less.
Correlation Analysis of Root Growth Characteristics and Yield and Yield Components of Early Season Rice Ganxin203

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ganxin 203 was used to study the correlation between root growth characteristics and yield and yield components by treatment with different seedling ages,transplanting densities and nitrogen applications.The results showed that yield was significantly or very significantly positively correlated with weight,volume and bleeding intensity of the total root and the roots weight,volume of the soil layer 5-15 cm.Significant or very significant positive correlations between yields and roots weights,volumes of the layer 10-15 cm and 20-30 cm of inner circle(r≤5 cm) and the layer 10-15 cm of outer circle(r≥5 cm) were also observed.1000-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with root weight of the layer 0-5 cm of inner circle.Spikelet number per panicle was significantly positively correlated with root weight and volume of the layer 0-10 cm of outer circle.Besides,the results indicated that the main factor affecting grain yield was spikelet number per panicle,and it was significantly positively correlated with root bleeding intensity in full heading and milk stage.
CRISPR/Cas9 Edited RAS & MEK Mutant Cells Acquire BRAF and MEK Inhibitor Resistance with MEK1 Q56P Restoring Sensitivity to MEK/BRAF Inhibitor Combo and KRAS G13D Gaining Sensitivity to Immunotherapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BRAF V600E mutation drives uncontrolled cell growth in most melanomas. While BRAF V600E tumors are initially responsive to BRAF inhibitors, prolonged treatment results in inhibitor resistance and tumor regrowth. Clinical data have linked the NRAS Q61K, KRAS G13D and MEK1 Q56P mutations to the BRAF inhibitor resistance. However, development of novel therapeutics is hindered by the lack of relevant isogeneic cell models. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to introduce NRAS Q61K, KRAS G13D and MEK1 Q56P mutations into the A375 melanoma cell line with endogenously high expression of BRAF V600E. The resulting isogenic cell lines are resistant to BRAF inhibitors. The A375 MEK1 Q56P isogenic cells are additionally resistant to MEK inhibitors as single agent, but interestingly, these cells become sensitive to MEK/BRAF inhibitor combo. Our results suggest that resistance in the NRAS and MEK isogenic lines is driven by constitutive MEK/ERK signaling, while the resistance in the KRAS isogenic line is driven by EGFR overexpression. Interestingly, the KRAS G13D isogenic line displays elevated PD-L1 expression suggesting the KRAS G13D mutation could be a potential indication for immunotherapy. Overall, these three novel isogenic cell models with endogenous level RAS and MEK1 point mutations provide direct bio-functional evidence demonstrating that acquiring a drug-resistant gene drives tumor cell survival and may simultaneously introduce new indications for combo therapy or immunotherapy in the clinic.
Cotton fabric graft copolymerization using microwave plasma. II. Physical properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Microwave plasma treatments were applied to lightweight cotton fabric with oxygen, nitrogen, and argon at various microwave power levels and exposure times. The results showed significant effects from the type of plasma, microwave power, and treatment time on the fabric weight loss. Oxygen plasma treatment generates higher weight loss than argon plasma and nitrogen plasma. The breaking strength of the treated fabric was affected mainly by longer exposure time to the plasma. The active centers created within the cellulose macromolecules were used to initiate copolymerization reactions with the vinyl laurate monomer [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 COOCHCH 2 ]. The grafted cotton fabric showed excellent water repellency properties. Repeated home laundering of the treated cotton fabrics revealed no significant effect on the water contact angle or on the quantity of grafted vinyl laurate monomer as determined by universal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR, demonstrating the good durability of the treatment that was applied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 896–902, 2005
1245+676 — A CSO/GPS Source being an Extreme Case of a Double-Double Structure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract AGN with the so-called 'double-double' radio structure have been interpreted as restarted AGN where the inner structure is a manifestation of a new phase of activity which happened to begin before the outer radio lobes resulting from the previous one had faded completely. The radio galaxy 1245+676 is an extreme example of such a double-double object — its outer structure, measuring 970 h −1 kpc, is five orders of magnitude larger than the 9.6 h −1 pc inner one. We present a series of VLBI observations of the core of 1245+676 which appears to be a compact symmetric object (CSO). We have detected the motion of the CSOs lobes, measured its velocity, and inferred the kinematic age of that structure.
REVOLUTIONIZING FORENSIC MEDICINE THROUGH VIRTUAL AUTOPSY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Virtual autopsy, also known as digital autopsy or post-mortem imaging, is an innovative approach of conducting post-mortem examinations without conventional surgical dissection. This technology has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional autopsies in recent years, with the potential to provide more comprehensive and less invasive examinations of deceased individuals. The utility, effectiveness, and restrictions of virtual autopsy in forensic medicine are all covered in this paper, along with a discussion of the various imaging modalities used in virtual autopsy, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their individual benefits and drawbacks. This paper also emphasized on the potential benefits of virtual autopsy, including faster turnaround times, decreased costs, and improved safety for pathologists and technicians and also the challenges and limitations of virtual autopsy, including the need for specialized training and expertise, limited access to technology in certain areas, and the inability to detect certain types of injuries and lesions is also explored. Virtual autopsy has generally become a useful tool in the field of forensic medicine, providing a quick and effective replacement for traditional autopsies. Virtual autopsy is probably going to be more and more common in the years to come as technology develops and gets better.
Additional file 5 of TAL Effectors with Avirulence Activity in African Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Western-blot analysis of Xoo total protein extracts using an anti-TALE antibody. Proteins extracts prepared from Xoo strain BAI3 carrying the empty vector pKEB31 (EV), BAI3ΔtalI carrying the empty vector pKEB31 (EV), BAI3 carrying the tal2h truncTALE gene, and BAI3ΔtalI with tal2h and the pSKX1 empty vector (EV), or pSKX1 containing talIBAI3 or talIMAI1 or talIMAI1ΔAD. BAI3 tal genes and tal2h are indicated to the left and right, respectively. Molecular weight is indicated.
Catalog of Distant Tsunamis Reaching Japan from Chile and Peru

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Japan has a big amount of old documents recording historical earthquakes and tsunamis covering more than 1,300 years from the middle age of 5th century to the end of 19th century. The work of compilation of historical records mentioning historical earthquakes from old documents was began to made before the second world war. Four volumes of collected materials of historical earthquakes were published by Musha(1946-1948, 1951). In the recent thirty years, 22 books of revised volumes were newly published by Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (1981-1993). In the present report, descriptions of tsunamis which are not accompanied with records of earthquakes or storms are introduced. Most of the events in the present report are considered to be distant tsunamis came across the Pacific Ocean, and most of them are considered from the coasts of Peru and Chile or another South American Countries. Distant tsunamis after the latter half of the 19th century are described by Watanabe (1998).
Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Post-Operative Pain Management after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background ultrasound-guided quadratus Lumborum block (QLB) performed as one of the postoperative pain management procedures for patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the effect of ultrasound guided bilateral QLB versus bilateral ultrasound guided Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) under general anesthesia. Patients and Methods Setting and design: pilot exploratory study conducted on 45 patients scheduled for elective LSG. All patients received general anesthesia using IV fentanyl (1-2 Mg/kg). QLB Group (15 patients): received ultrasound-guided QLB after induction of general anesthesia using 0.2 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine per side. TAP Group (15 patients): received ultrasound-guided TAP block after induction of general anesthesia using 0.2 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine per side. Control Group (15 patients): received general anesthesia and then 1gm IV paracetamol and 30mg IV ketorolac 1 hour and 8 hour postoperative. Results there was statistically significant difference between the three groups as regards the VAS score, total dose of pethidine used postoperatively, number of patients needed rescue analgesia and postoperative hemodynamics; indicating that TAP block was more effective than intravenous drug analgesia, while QLB was more effective than TAP block. Conclusion QLB was the most effective technique in providing analgesia after LSG in comparison to TAP block and intravenous analgesic drugs.
A multi-fidelity Gaussian process for efficient frequency sweeps in the acoustic design of a vehicle cabin

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Highly accurate predictions from large-scale numerical simulations are associated with increased computational resources and time expense. Consequently, the data generation process can only be performed for a small sample size, limiting a detailed investigation of the underlying system. The concept of multi-fidelity modeling allows the combination of data from different models of varying costs and complexities. This study introduces a multi-fidelity model for the acoustic design of a vehicle cabin. Therefore, two models with different fidelity levels are used to solve the Helmholtz equation at specified frequencies with the boundary element method. Gaussian processes (GPs) are trained on each fidelity level with the simulation results to predict the unknown system response. In this way, the multi-fidelity model enables an efficient approximation of the frequency sweep for acoustics in the frequency domain. Additionally, the proposed method inherently considers uncertainties due to the data generation process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, the multifrequency solution is validated with the high-fidelity (HF) solution at each frequency. The results show that the frequency sweep is efficiently approximated by using only a limited number of HF simulations. Thus, these findings indicate that multi-fidelity GPs can be adopted for fast and, simultaneously, accurate predictions.
Study on the Performance of Ag-Cu Bimetal SERS Substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

SERS has become a powerful trace detection technology, but its practical application is often limited by the fixed optical properties of cast metals (Au, Ag and Cu). In this paper, the bimetallic nanostructures prepared by changing the metal content ratio can regulate the different optical responses of the substrate. In addition, it was found that the scale of moth wings (MW) with 3D grating-like uniform nanoarrays using bioscaffold can provide a consistently high-density ‘hot spot’ for the as-prepared plasmonic substrate. Here, two different methods (i) co-sputtered with different times and (ii) sputtered with sequentially alternating to form a stratified structure on the MW were employed for the fabrication of SERS-active substrates, and they were named AgCu@MW and Ag@Cu@MW, respectively. The comparison SERS measurement results of the above two substrates by using probe molecules R6G and MB show that the stratified structure of the Ag@Cu@MW-3 substrate has higher SERS performance. This strategy can not only prepare plasma substrates with on-demand optical responses but also provide new ideas for the preparation of conventional biomimetic nanomaterials.
ECONOMIC AND INTRODUCTION ASSESSMENT OF VARIETIES AND FORMS OF BIRD CHERRY PADUS MILL. IN THE ALTAI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ecological and biological features of 32 varieties and forms of bird cherry have been studied in the Altai Botanical Garden. It was found that modern forms and varieties of cherry surpass our wild forms in yield, size and taste, decorative. The assessment by the complex of economic, biological and decorative features showed the full possibility of cultivation in Eastern Kazakhstan. Following varieties and forms are recommended for introduction, collective gardens and landscaping: Augustine, Valencia, Pomegranate bunch, Memory of Salamatov, Moor, Late joy, Purple candle, Self-fertile, 14-1-51, 14-2-34, 13-8-60, 14-1-62, 13-14-1, 14-3-31, 54-1-34. Тhe study of the intraspecific variability of the common bird cherry (carpal) in nature has begun, 4 forms have been identified. The purpose of the research was to identify highly decorative and edible forms and varieties of bird cherry, well adapted to local conditions, introduced from the Central Siberian Botanical Garden in Novosibirsk. Selection of forms in nature.
Rural–Urban Comparison in Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents of Asian Indian Origin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives. To study whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is restricted by habitat (urban vs rural). Methods. A total of 753 healthy children and adolescents, out of which 293 (159 boys and 134 girls) were collected Santiniketan (rural area) and 460 (241 boys and 219 girls) were from Calcutta and the suburbs (urban area), aged 8 to 18 years took part in the study. Participants were subsequently divided into 3 age groups: group I, 8 to 12 years; group II, 13 to 15 years, and group III, 16 to 18 years. Results. It was observed that the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study was 9.6% and 5.7%, respectively. Urban residence and high level of parental education are associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents ( R 2 = 40.3%). Conclusion. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is not restricted to any particular habitat and warrants early intervention if this global epidemic is to be checked.
Optoelectronic Molecular Switches Based on Dihydroazulene‐Vinylheptafulvene (DHA‐VHF)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Introduction Photochromic Molecular Switches Molecular Switches Based on Fulgides Photochromic Switches Based on Dihydroindolizine Multimode Molecular Switch Based on Flavylium Ion Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Photochromism (DHA-VHF Photochromism) Molecular Switches Based on DHA-VHF Multimode Photochromic Switches Based on DHA-VHF Future Directions Conclusions
Comparative Contract Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As cross-border transactions expand in our contemporary global economy, the significance of comparative contract law is evermore apparent. In addition the role of lawyers in transactional counselling as well as dispute resolution has become increasingly prominent. Appreciation of the principal similarities and differences between the two major subdivisions of Common Law (the United States and the British Commonwealth) and Civil Law (French versus German law) has thus become imperative. This Research Review endeavours to facilitate such appreciation and will prove an essential reference point for students, researchers and policymakers.
A cool response to the ICE Regulations? Employer and trade union approaches to the new legal framework for information and consultation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One year on from the introduction of the Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations, this article reviews the emerging patterns of implementation in the light of the legislation's 'reflexive' design. The available evidence suggests considerable employer-led activity in terms of reviewing, modifying and introducing information and consultation arrangements but a relative paucity of formal 'pre-existing agreements', despite the protection they offer against the Regulations' statutory procedures being invoked by employees. This picture is consistent with a 'risk assessment' rather than a 'compliance' approach by management, facilitated by union ambivalence towards the legislation and low use of its provisions by employees.
Optimization of biomass production with enhanced bioactive compound content by the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma australe under submerged culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mushrooms have become attractive as functional foods while they represent an untapped source for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. Comparing with the established field cultivation, their submerged cultivation has significant industrial potential for the effective production of biomass and valuable metabolites [1]. In this study, Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. (strain ATHUM 4345, collected from Greece), which is a species of pharmaceutical interest [2] was investigated for maximum biomass production with enhanced dietary fiber and bioactive β-glucan content in a batch-stirred tank bioreactor. Specifically, when the optimized culture medium was tested in a 20-L stirred tank bioreactor, high biomass yields (10.1±0.4g/L) and productivity of 0.09g L-1h-1 were obtained. The yield coefficients for total glucan and dietary fibers on biomass formed were 94.9±6 and 341.2±12.3mg/g mycelium dry weight, respectively [3]. Additionally, the biomass produced by the process described above, was lyophilized and finally extracted with ethyl acetate:cyclohexane. Subsequently, the fractionation of the resulting extract by chromatographic techniques led to the isolation and identification of linoleic acid, 19-octacosenoic acid, 9-palmitoleic acid, ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol and a derivative of the triterpene austrolactone. All compounds isolated, were identified by means of spectral data (1H-NMR and 2D NMR), HRMS and direct comparison with the respective literature data. The findings of this study are valuable, as the established fermentation process, led to the efficient production of biomass containing bioactive compounds. Those results demonstrate the potential of producing high added value bioactive compounds from G. australe strain under submerged culture conditions on an industrial scale.