jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unlovely Seeds: Human/Nature/Wilderness in Isabella Valancy Crawford’s Winona; or, The Foster-Sisters

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1872, Isabella Valancy Crawford answered a call printed in George-Édouard Desbarats’s weekly story paper the Hearthstone seeking: “narratives, novels, sketches penned by vigorous Canadian hands, welling out from fresh and fertile Canadian brains, thrilling with the adventures by sea and land, of Canadian heroes” (Early and Peterman 25). Crawford’s winning submission to the Hearthstone's call, Winona; or, The Foster-Sisters, reaps the materials for its narrative from “inexhaustible fields” of both “fact and fancy” of a burgeoning Canadian national imagination (25). This paper is interested in exploring the specifically Canadian anxieties expressed by the novel, as this paper examines the manner in which the displaced occupants of the novel’s Howard lodge act as uncanny avatars of the natural world and of a wilderness as they resist (or, are denied) a place in the domestic space established by the “national family” (167). In this paper, I argue that Crawford’s Winona, with its attention to both domestic and natural spaces, provides a productive site through which to interrogate the vexed relationship of a newly Confederated country with its own “native materials” (Johnson 7; Early and Peterman 10).
Gender Differences in Language Use: An Analysis of 14,000 Text Samples

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Differences in the ways that men and women use language have long been of interest in the study of discourse. Despite extensive theorizing, actual empirical investigations have yet to converge on a coherent picture of gender differences in language. A significant reason is the lack of agreement over the best way to analyze language. In this research, gender differences in language use were examined using standardized categories to analyze a database of over 14,000 text files from 70 separate studies. Women used more words related to psychological and social processes. Men referred more to object properties and impersonal topics. Although these effects were largely consistent across different contexts, the pattern of variation suggests that gender differences are larger on tasks that place fewer constraints on language use.
Non-syndromic patients with infantile spasms and malformations of cortical development: absence of seizures in siblings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Parents of children with infantile spasms undergoing epilepsy surgery typically inquire about the risk of other children for a similar affliction. Here, we determined whether non-syndromic patients with infantile spasms and malformation of cortical development (MCD) have a family history of seizures, particularly in siblings.Patients and methods: We selected 29 children with intractable infantile/epileptic spasms who underwent surgery (mean age at surgery: 4.4±3.8 years; 12 males, 17 females; age range 0.8-14.9 years). A pathological diagnosis of MCD was confirmed in all the patients. Family (including parents, and siblings) history of seizures was acquired in all patients through neurology chart review/telephonic interview.Results: Pathological diagnosis of migration disorder (16) and cortical dysplasia (9) was made in these patients. Diagnosis of hemimegalencephaly, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), lissencephaly type1 and porencephaly was also confirmed in 4 different patients. None of the siblings in any family (total number of siblings in the group = 30) were affected by infantile spasms or other types of seizures. The maternal aunt of one patient and mother of another patient had a history of childhood seizures for short durations.Conclusions: Our retrospective study showed that patients with infantile spasms with MCD who underwent resective surgery have low sibling recurrence risk for seizures. Our study suggests that de novo mutations and non-genetic or epigenetic factors are major causes of infantile spasms due to MCD.
[Modern peculiarities of dynamics and structure of servicemen of Armed Forces of Ukraine retiring in transitional period towards professional Army].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Operational readiness of personnel of Armed Forces of Ukraine was studied in the article based on peculiarities of dynamics and structure of retiring of all categories of servicemen. It was established that high rates of retiring related to specific classes of diseases indicate low health condition of servicemen which has a negative impact on their combat readiness and further fitness for military service. Priorities of changes in the process of completing of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with human resources in the conditions of transformation to professional Army, to include optimization of fitness for military service criteria, were defined.
Primary structure and activity of mouse methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) is an adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyses isomerization between methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA). Genetic deficiency of this enzyme in man causes an often fatal disorder of organic acid metabolism termed mut methylmalonicacidaemia. We report cloning of a mouse MCM cDNA and the characterization of its primary structure and biological function. Mouse MCM in fibroblasts and crude liver extracts exhibits activity and reaction kinetics similar to those of the human enzyme. The predicted amino acid sequence of mouse MCM exhibits 94% identity with its human homologue and considerable identity with a prokaryotic MCM. Transfection of the mouse cDNA into cultured cells constitutes an active apoenzyme and can complement genetic deficiency of the apoenzyme in cells from patients with mut methylmalonicacidaemia. These results establish that mouse MCM is homologous to human MCM in structure and function and provides a basis for using the mouse as a model for studying this enzyme and its deficiency state.
Alternatif Pembelajaran Fisika Materi Rambatan Kalor untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Numerasi Siswa SMA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The learning deficit due to Covid-19 become visible when learning returned to offline learning. The differences in the abilities of students affected by the pandemic are teachers’ tasks to guide students back to the correct concept. No exception in learning physics, the low numeracy literacy of students is the cause of students' difficulties in learning physics. In this case, students have difficulty connecting physics concepts to mathematical solutions. Hence the researcher tries to design learning alternatives to improve students' numeracy literacy skills on heat transfer material in class X. This research is a class action research carried out by adapting the Stringer model which contains the stages of plan, implement, and evaluate in each look cycle. , think, and act. The results of this study were that the students' learning completeness was 61 percent in cycle 1 and 69 percent in cycle 2 with numeracy literacy competence students are in the proficient category of 60 percent, the proficient category is 23 percent, the basic category is 14 percent, and the category requiring special intervention is 3 percent. Abstrak: Penurunan pembelajaran akibat Covid-19 mulai terasa ketika pembelajaran kembali pulih menjadi tatap muka. Perbedaan kemampuan siswa terdampak pandemi menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi guru untuk menuntun siswa kembali ke konsep yang benar. Tak terkecuali dalam pembelajaran fisika, rendahnya literasi numerasi siswa menjadi penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam pembelajaran fisika. Dalam hal ini siswa kesulitan dalam mengkoneksikan konsep fisika ke penyelesaian matematis. Oleh karena ini peneliti mencoba merancang alternatif pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa pada materi rambatan kalor di kelas X. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan mengadaptasi dari model Stringer yang berisikan tahapan plan, implement, dan evaluate dalam masing-masing siklus look, think, dan act. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ketuntasan belajar siswa sebanyak 61 persen di siklus 1 dan 69 persen di siklus 2, dengan kompetensi literasi numerasi siswa berada pada kategori mahir sebanyak 60 persen, kategori cakap sebanyak 23 persen, kategori dasar 14 persen, dan kategori perlu intervensi khusus 3 persen.
Ageing Process of Hydraulic Oil in Single-Bucket Excavators in Rock Mining

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents the problem of ageing processes of hydraulic oils when used in single-bucket excavators in mining of rock raw materials. Working parameters of these excavators are specific, particularly when a hydraulic hammer is mounted in place of the working bucket, therefore the course of the oil degradation process and the change times should be precisely determined as full functionality of hydraulic systems of excavators must be maintained and the wear of individual components of these systems should be reduced. Research on oil ageing processes has been carried out for excavators from various manufacturers that have operated in mines of rock raw materials of various raw material extraction quantities. The methodology adopted for testing the ageing processes of oils in excavators allowed to obtain a number of results that question the hitherto applied criteria for quality assessment of used oils in relation to the time of their actual use in hydraulic systems of excavators, as well as the time of change of such oils.
CASE HISTORY: NURTEC® ODT (RIMEGEPANT) FOR THE ACUTE AND PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVChapterNEXTCASE HISTORY: NURTEC® ODT (RIMEGEPANT) FOR THE ACUTE AND PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINEGene M. DubowchikGene M. DubowchikBiohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.AMore by Gene M. Dubowchik, Robert CroopRobert CroopBiohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.AMore by Robert Croop, and Charles M. ConwayCharles M. ConwayBiohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.AMore by Charles M. ConwayDOI: 10.1021/mc-2022-vol57.ch21Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2022Publication History Published online21 December 2022Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2022 MEDI, Inc. Published by American Chemical Society.2022 Medicinal Chemistry ReviewsChapter 21pp 517-542Medicinal Chemistry ReviewsVol. 57ISBN13: 9781734427455eISBN: 9781734427455Article Views220Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Teaching Several Metacognitive Strategies Together Increases Students’ Independent Metacognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Researchers have learned much about comprehension in the past 30 years (see Block & Pressley, 2002, for a review). This new knowledge has provided educators with many innovative strategies designed to improve comprehension instruction; however, there is still one area in which minimal research is available. For years, children have been taught to find main ideas, to preview a book, to ask questions, to think of the structure in which the book is written, and to attend to access features. Unfortunately, most of these strategies have been taught as stand-alone procedures, making it difficult for students to view them as a unified process of mental activity that flows back and forth as the reader tries to follow an author's train of thought.
Observations on the phenology of the threatened Alameda whipsnake

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Alameda whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus) is a federally and State threatened subspecies of the California whipsnake (M.lateralis) and is restricted to a specific geographic range (Jennings 1983, USFWS 1997, USFWS 2002, Stebbins and McGinnis 2012
A Novel Pattern Recognition based Kick Detection Method for Offshore Drilling Gas Kick and Overflow Diagnosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In offshore drilling, accidents such as gas invasion, overflow, and kicks are unavoidable, and they can escalate into blowouts and other catastrophic events, resulting in casualties and significant economic losses. Therefore, ensuring drilling safety requires precise monitoring of gas invasion and overflow. Currently, most overflow monitoring methods used at drilling sites are based on threshold criteria. However, the monitoring parameters obtained during actual drilling operations often contain noise signals, which makes it challenging for threshold-based methods to achieve a balance between improving accuracy and minimizing false positives. This paper proposes a novel method called Pattern-Recognition-based Kick Detection (PRKD) for diagnosing overflow in offshore drilling. The PRKD method utilizes the overflow evolution process by integrating multiphase flow calculations, data filtering theory, pattern recognition theory, the Bayesian framework, and other theoretical models. By analyzing the shape and wave characteristics of the curves, PRKD effectively detects and monitors gas intrusion and overflow based on single parameters. Through case analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed method achieves high precision in monitoring drilling overflow while maintaining a low false positive rate. By combining advanced computational techniques with pattern recognition algorithms, PRKD improves the accuracy and reliability of kick detection, enabling proactive responses to potential risks, protecting the environment and human lives, and optimizing drilling operations. The case analysis shows that by integrating the probabilistic information of pre-drilling kicks and various characteristic parameters, when the noise amplitude is less than 8 L/s, the PRKD model exhibits superior detection performance. Moreover, when the noise amplitude is 16 L/s, the PRKD model detects the continuous overflow approximately 200 s after the actual overflow occurs and predicts a 95.8% probability of overflow occurrence at the specified location, meeting the on-site requirements. The gas invasion monitoring method proposed in this paper provides accurate diagnostic results and a low false positive rate, offering valuable guidance for gas invasion monitoring in drilling operations.
Waste Management in the Small Island Developing States of the South Pacific: An Overview

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Many countries in the South Pacific face critical problems with regard to waste management. Common problems include: insufficient government priority and political support for action; lack of finance; no long-term planning or business planning; poor landfill siting, design, planning and management; lack of skilled personnel; lack of awareness of the problems caused by poor waste management; physical limitations to the establishment of landfill sites; poor handling of clinical waste; insufficient recycling and reuse, including limited reuse of organic wastes, septic sludge, sewage sludge and effluent. Failure to adequately address these problems is leading to escalating environmental and health problems for Pacific Islanders, and serious consequences for economic development based on tourism, export agriculture and small 'clean' industries. This article reviews the causes and consequences of many of these problems and provides recommendations for action to improve the situation. Improvements will result from a combination of technical, economic and social changes. The main change required is waste management being given a higher priority in government planning so that sustainable funding mechanisms can be developed for these activities. Governments also need to develop integrated waste management policies, strategies and plans, and provide support through appropriate legislative and institutional frameworks.
Effects of intraventricular transplantation of NGF-secreting cells on cholinergic basal forebrain neurons after partial immunolesion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of nerve growth factor on brain cholinergic function after a partial immunolesion to the rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons (CBFNs) by 192 IgG-saporin. Two weeks after intraventricular injections of 1.3 micrograms of 192 IgG-saporin, about 50% of CBFNs were lost which was associated with 40-60% reductions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) activities throughout the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Two groups of lesioned animals received intraventricular transplantations of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts retrovirally transfected with either the rat NGF gene (3T3NGF+) or the retrovirus alone (3T3NGF-) and were sacrificed eight weeks later. In vivo production of NGF by 3T3NGF+ cells was confirmed by NGF immunohistochemistry on the grafts and NGF immunoassay on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Both ChAT and HACU activities returned to normal control levels in the basal forebrain and cortex after 3T3NGF+ transplants, whereas no recovery was observed in 3T3NGF- transplanted animals. There was a 25% increase in the size of remaining CBFNs and an increased staining intensity for NGF immunoreactivity in these cells after NGF treatments. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry revealed that the optical density of AChE-positive fibers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were reduced by about 60% in immunolesioned rats which were completely restored by 3T3NGF+ grafts. In addition, decreases in growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 immunoreactivity after immunolesion and increases in synaptophysin immunoreactivity after 3T3NGF+ grafts were observed in the hippocampus. Our results further confirm the notion that transfected NGF-secreting cells are useful in long-term in vivo NGF treatment and NGF can upregulate CBFN function. They also highly suggest that NGF induces terminal sprouting from remaining CBFNs.
‘Green’ composites using cross-linked soy flour and flax yarns

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Environment-friendly, fully biodegradable, 'green' composites based on plant based fibers and resins are increasingly being developed for various applications as replacements for non-degradable materials derived from petroleum that are currently being used. Unlike petroleum, plant based proteins, starches and fibers are yearly renewable. In addition, these green composites may be easily composted after their life, completing nature's carbon cycle. In this study, soy flour (SF) was modified by cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde (GA). The cross-linked soy flour (CSF) polymer was characterized for its tensile and thermal properties. The effect of glycerol on the mechanical properties of the soy flour was characterized and optimized. CSF polymer showed improved tensile properties and thermal stability, compared to unmodified SF resin, for use as a resin to fabricate composites. Unidirectional green composites using flax yarn and CSF resin were fabricated and characterized for their tensile and flexural properties. The composite specimens exhibited fracture stress and Young's modulus of 259.5 MPa and 3.71 GPa, respectively, and flexural strength of 174 MPa, in the longitudinal direction. These properties seem to be sufficient for considering these green composites for indoor structural applications.
Alopecia areata and chemokine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alopecia areata (AA) is a widely prevalent non-scarring hair loss disease. AA typically presents as asymptomatic well-defined round or oval patches of alopecia. Alopecia is classified based on the extent or pattern of the hair loss. Alopecia totalis (AT) is the loss of all hair on the scalp. Alopecia universalis (AU) is a 100% loss of all scalp and body hair. Alopecia ophiasis is the band like hair loss in the parieto-temporo-occipital area. Evidence suggests that AA is the organ-specific autoimmune disease that have certain genetic background. Hitopathologically, a peribulbar mononuclear cell infiltrate (“swarm of bees”) is characteristic in the acute phase, suggesting that chemokines play pivotal roles in the disease manifestation by the recruitment of these cells. In a study examining serum chemokine levels in 85 AA patients including 22 patients with “mono AA” (patients with one or two lesions of AA), 37 patients with “poly AA” (patients with three or more lesions of AA), and 26 patients with “AT/AU” (patients who experienced complete baldness in the past or in the 3-month observation period after taking blood samples), serum IP-10, MCP- 1, MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels were not significantly elevated in patients with AA compared with normal controls, while serum MIG, RANTES, IL-8 and eotaxin levels were significantly increased in patients with AA compared with normal controls. Additonally, serum MIG and RANTES levels were higher when the disease was active. Another study investigated chemokine mRNA expressions in biopsy samples from AA patients using in situ hybridization and demonstrated the strong expression of MIG, a moderate expression of MCP-1 and a weak expression of IP-10. In AA-affected mice, CCL2, CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL10, CCL17 and CCL20 expressions were upregulated in lymph node cells compared with normal mice. Also, CCL2, CCL5 and CCL17 expressions were elevated also in the AA-affected dermis in comparison to normal controls. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of AA and suggest that they may be therapeutic targets in the disease.