jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural and spiritual significance of nature in protected and conserved areas : The ‘deeply seated bond’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins by referencing the work of Alexander von Humboldt because he was one of the first Western scholars to propose ideas of interconnectedness and wholeness, a holistic interplay of phenomena inclusive of the interrelationships between people and their environments and between nature and politics. It examines the origins and usage of the phrases 'cultural and spiritual values' and 'cultural and spiritual significance of nature'. These phrases are a central part of the work of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in recognising the role of, and engaging with, people in the governance and management of protected and conserved areas. From cultural heritage management and heritage studies perspectives, cultural value is typically used as an overarching expression for a range of different values—aesthetic, historic, scientific, social, or spiritual value as applied in the Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Burra Charter.
Testing the relationship of gender and business major to professional development behaviors and expected employment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study's results, with 664 surveyed graduating business students, demonstrated that creating four groups, using gender and quantitative or nonquantitative major, was useful for testing their relationships to professional development behaviors and expected employment. Results showed that male–nonquantitative majors (n = 144) reported the lowest number of internships, student professional meetings attended, and expected full-time job consistent with major, and the highest expected self-employment. Nonquantitative business majors may need additional outreach efforts to increase their professional development.
IRE1alpha is an endogenous substrate of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) represents a principle quality control (QC) mechanism to clear misfolded proteins in the ER; however, its physiological significance and the nature of endogenous ERAD substrates remain largely unknown. Here we discover that IRE1alpha, the sensor of unfolded protein response (UPR), is a bona fide substrate of the Sel1L-Hrd1 ERAD complex. Mechanistically, ERAD-mediated IRE1alpha degradation occurs in a Bip-dependent manner under basal conditions and is attenuated in response to ER stress. Both intramembrane hydrophilic residues of IRE1alpha and lectin protein OS9 are required for IRE1alpha degradation. ERAD deficiency causes IRE1alpha protein stabilization, accumulation and mild activation both in vitro and in vivo, leading to cellular hypersensitivity to ER stress and inflammation. Furthermore, though enterocyte-specific Sel1L-knockout mice (Sel1LΔIEC) are viable and appear normal, they are more susceptible to experimental colitis in an IRE1alpha-dependent but CHOP-independent manner. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Sel1L-Hrd1 ERAD serves a distinct, essential function in restraint of IRE1alpha signaling in vivo by managing its protein turnover.
YENGIL ATLETIKA - SPORTNI YANADA OMMALASHTIRISH, MAHORATLI MURABBIY VA SPORTCHILARNI TAYYORLASH TAYANCHI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jahonda zamonaviy sportning natijalarining darajasi shu qadar yuqoriki, ularga erishish uchun sportchi kamyob marfologik xusisiyatlarga, jismoniy va psixologik majmua jihatlarining mutanosibligi kabi talablarga javob berishi kerak va ular albatta, rivojlanishning eng yuqori darajasida bo‘lishi lozim.
Natural outdoor environments and adults' health : associations, effect modifiers and mediators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis aims at (a) evaluating the association between natural outdoor environments (NOE) and health in adults and potential effect modifiers of this association, and (b) investigating the possible mechanism of this association. Data was derived from two cross-sectional studies (including a nested one) and one experimental study. Exposure assessment included residential NOE exposure, and contact with NOE (objectively measured with smartphones and event-based exposures). Health outcomes included mainly subjectively mental health. The potential effect modifier of gender, age, socioeconomic status, urbanisation degree/city and exposure time was evaluated. The possible mechanisms investigated were: (NOE) physical activity, stress/restoration, social contacts, noise, and air pollution. Results of the present work suggest that NOE exposure (both residential and contact with NOE) was positively associated with adults’ chronic health, mainly for green space and greenery, and specially for surrounding greenness. Event-based exposure to NOE was also positively associated to adults’ acute health effects. No strong conclusions could be drawn about groups of population that could benefit more from NOE exposure. Physical activity might not be a mediator of the NOE-health associations. Stress reduction/restoration and air pollution might be partial mediators of these associations. The relationship between NOE exposure -NOE physical activity could be modified by various factors. We highlight the limitations of existing studies in the field and provide recommendations for future research. In the meanwhile, urban planners and policy makers should consider all the mechanisms, targeting the entire population, and use “just green enough” strategies supported by anti-gentrification policies.
Biomechanical analysis of the classical Grand Plie and two stylistic variations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A biomechanical analysis was conducted to determine how the addition of torso movements affected the grand plie as performed by three subjects. Film data taken from the front and side views were merged and submitted to a computer program to obtain moments of force at the hip, knee, and ankle joints and the excursion of the total body center of gravity. Dominant muscle group action and patterns of types of muscle contraction were also examined. Results of the investigation were that the addition of torso movements increases the force moments at the joints and that the displacement of the torso results in compensatory realignment of the lower extremities. Therefore, such stylistic variations of the grand plie should not be included in the training of the beginning dancer. Conclusions were that the plie is accurately described by the literature, the rationale for adding torso movements to the performance of the plie is mechanically sound, and the addition of torso movements increases the level of difficulty of the plie.
An anesthetic management during Cesarean section with cardiac disorder (peripartum cardiomyopathy) with severe pre-eclampsia with previous LSCS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anesthetic management of cardiac disorders in pregnancy has always been complicated and challenging. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but extremely fatal, life-threatening disease affecting the parturient with mortality rates as high as 35–50%. Developing in late pregnancy or immediately after delivery endangers not only the mother but also the baby. We report here a case of a 27-year-old female parturient presenting at 38 weeks of gestation for cesarean delivery with labor pain with recently diagnosed PPCM (moderate mitral regurgitation, mild tricuspid regurgitation, and 2D ejection fraction of 55–60%) complicated by severe pre-eclampsia with previous lower segment cesarean section. She developed cardiac failure just before the induction of anesthesia. She was successfully resuscitated, operated under general anesthesia, and shifted to the critical care unit for further management.
Apple Juice Malabsorption

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rectal histopathology was evaluated in 34 cases (2 months-12 yrs old) of endemic “invasive diarrhea” [>20 WBCs per high-power field on stool microscopy with (RBC positive) or without (RBC negative) associated RBCs] where S. dysenteriae (n = 9), S. flexneri (n = 11), and nontyphoidal Salmonella were isolated as the sole identifiable enteropathogens. Persistent diarrhea (>14 days duration) was more common with Salmonella infection whereas RBC-positive “invasive diarrhea” was more frequent with Shigella, particularly S. dysenteriae (all cases) infection. The histopathological profile was comparable to the earlier descriptions of infective colitis to a large extent and the nature of the infecting organism could not be determined on the basis of rectal histology alone. The other noteworthy features were as follows: (i) mild crypt distortion (26%) and branching (21%) in both Shigella and Salmonella infection; in Salmonella infection, dilation of the glands was significantly greater with persistent diarrhea; (ii) presence of chronic inflammatory cells either alone or in combination with neutrophils in 62%; a predominant neutrophilic response was significantly higher with S. dysenteriae infection and an acute presentation; (iii) pseudomembrane formation (six subjects; 18%) especially in S. dysenteriae (four cases); and (iv) a significant association of neutrophilic response, edema, and neutrophils within the vessels in the lamina propria and mucin depletion in the glands with RBC-positive “invasive diarrhea.”
A newly discovered Khmer inscription (K1116) from Amsterdam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

MARION TROIA A newly discovered Khmer inscription (K1116) from Amsterdam In the University library of Amsterdam there is a stone stele bearing an in- scription in Old Khmer, the language of ancient Cambodia. The inscription is in very good condition and is dated. The date given corresponds to Mon- day 31 August 991 A.D. In that year the reigning monarch of the Angkor Empire of Cambodia was King Jayavarman V, so the king 'Jayavarm- madeva' mentioned in the inscription must be he. This monarch is familiar to anyone interested in ancient Cambodian history since many well pre- served inscriptions have
Analisis de la influencia de las redes sociales en lanzamiento de nuevos productos de las pymes del canton Naranjito

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

En el cantón Naranjito, provincia del Guayas, existe un grupo numeroso de microempresarios que en su mayoría aún desconocen las ventajas y desventajas de la influencia de las redes sociales para la promoción de sus actuales y nuevos productos y servicios; aquellas personas aún utilizan medios de comunicación tradicionales como radio, televisión, prensa escrita. Pero gracias al avance de la tecnología se cuenta con otro medio de comunicación por el cual pueden dar a conocer sus productos o servicios a bajo costo e incluso a nivel mundial debido a que miles de millones de personas a diario utilizan las redes sociales no solo para interactuar entre sí, sino también para buscar páginas de ventas de productos y servicios. No obstante, el microempresario debe tener en cuenta las ventajas y desventajadas de uso de estos medios, ya que de esto depende si el producto o servicio tiene una alta o baja acogida por el cliente.
On Observable Delegation of Personal Data by Watermarking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Privacy in business processes for personalized services is currently a matter of trust, since business processes require the delegation of personal data and users are not able to control their usage and so their delegation. Existing privacy-enhancing technologies like identity management systems consider access control but not the usage of personal data. Current work on usage control mainly considers classification and formalization of usage rules, so called obligations, and the delegation of personal data with a trusted third party (TTP). We investigate on digital watermarking in order to observe the enforcement of obligations for a delegation of personal data without a TTP.
The disc-jet connection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A large body of theoretical and computational work shows that jets - modelled as magnetized disk winds - exert an external torque on their underlying disks that can efficiently remove angular momentum and act as major drivers of disk accretion. These predictions have recently been confirmed in direct HST measurements of the jet rotation and angular momentum transport in low mass protostellar systems. We review the theory of disc winds and show that their physics is universal and scales to jets from both low and high mass star forming regions. This explains the observed properties of outflows in massive star forming regions, before the central massive star generates an ultracompact HII region. We also discuss the recent numerical studies on the formation of massive accretion disks and outflows through gravitational collapse, including our own work on 3D Adaptive Mesh simulations (using the FLASH code) of the hydromagnetic collapse of an initial rotating, and cooling Bonner-Ebert sphere. Magnetized collapse gives rise to outflows. Our own simulations show that both a jet-like disk wind on sub AU scales, and a larger scale molecular outflow occur (Banerjee and Pudritz 2005).
Excellent Outcome of Risk Stratified Treatment for Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia-AML99 Trial. For the Japanese Childhood AML Cooperative Study Group.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Risk stratified treatment of childhood AML is important to improve the patient’s QOL. Analysis of the Japan cooperative study ANLL91 revealed that response to induction therapy, age at onset, initial WBC counts, and cytogenetics were prognostic factors. Based on these results and reports from other pediatric AML clinical trials, the Japan cooperative study AML99 was planned to test the concept of risk stratified treatment. Patients were stratified into 3 risk categories: low (t(8;21) and WBC &lt;50000, age, 2 yrs without high risk(HR) factors (-7,5q-,Ph1,t(16;21), remission failure), intermediate (neither low nor high). Low risk (LR) patients were treated exclusively with chemotherapy regardless of the availability of donor for HSCT and all the HR patients were treated with HSCT. Intermediate risk (IR) patients with HLA-matched donor were treated with HSCT and those without donor were treated with chemotherapy. Induction therapy for patients with 2y≥ and WBC ≥ 100,000/μl was reinforced employing idarubicine (IDA). Of total, 240 newly diagnosed AML patients under the age of 15 were registered from January 2000 to December 2002. Those with Down syndrome and AML-M3 were treated with different chemotherapy regimens. Final analysis was conducted in March 2005. Remission induction therapy for 214 patients with &lt;2y or WBC&lt;100,000/μl, consisted of VP-16 (VP), cytarabine (CA) and mitoxantrone (MIT) (Induction A), whereas Induction B consisting of VP,CA and IDA was used in 26 patients. LR (109 patients) and IR patients without HLA- matched donor (69 patients) received 5 courses of intensification therapy consisted with VP, CA, MIT or IDA. HR (18 patients) and IR (24 patients) patients with HLA-matched donor received allogeneic HSCT after the 2nd course of intensification therapy. HR patients without HLA matched donor (15 patients) received unrelated HSCT. Complete remission rate (CR) was 94%: 95% for Induction A and 85% for Induction B. The 3-year overall survival(OS) +/− SE for all the patients was 79.2±5.2% and disease free survival(DFS) +/− SE was 65.4±6.2%. The 3-year OS and DFS in each risk group was 88.7% and 71.6% for LR, 79.0% and 60.0% for IR, and 58.3% and 58.3% for HR patients. The 3-year OS for patients who received HSCT after relapse was 60% for the LR, 42% for the IR, and 0% for the HR patients, respectively. These results suggest that IR patients should be treated with chemotherapy only and 50% of them can be rescued with HSCT even after relapse. We conclude that our stratification of children was optimal since OS for all the patients was satisfactory. Only 57 out of 240 patients (24%) received HSCT before relapse and consequently, a majority of children treated in this trial are supposed to enjoy an excellent QOL.
Reduction in SH-SY5Y Cell Stress Induced by Corticosterone and Attenuation of the Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Cells Using Endomorphin Analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: To identify drug candidates that reduce cellular stress, linear peptides known as endomorphin (EM) analogs containing proline surrogates in position 2 were tested in in vitro injury models induced by corticosterone (CORT). Methods: In this study, neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were treated with CORT and synthesized peptides, and then the cell viability and morphology, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and intracellular calcium ion [Ca2+]i levels were evaluated. We also conducted an in-depth analysis of the apoptosis markers using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Finally, we explore the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression (qPCR) and protein levels (ELI-SA and Western blot). Results: The strongest neuroprotective effect in the CORT-induced stress model was shown by peptide 3 and peptide 7 (in the following sequence Tyr-Inp-Trp-Phe-NH2 and Tyr-Inp-Phe-Phe-NH2, respectively). These peptides significantly improved cell viability and reduced oxidative stress in CORT-treated cells. Conclusions: Their neuroprotective potential appears linked to anti-apoptotic effects, along with in-creased BDNF expression. Moreover, in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced damage model in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, these two peptides reduced the secretion of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Peptides exhibiting both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic agents.
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid, its Significance and Obstetric Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractMSAF is more common in primi gravidas as compared to multi gravidas. Postdatism, PIH, Eclampsia, IUGR, Oligohydromnios, PROM are main associating factors with occurrence of MSAF. ANC has limited role in preventing MSAF. Incident of abnormal fetal heart rate is 4 times and of variable heart rate is 5 times higher in MSAF group from control group. Most of the cases with abnormal heart rate pattern exhibit thick meconium and show significant association of fetal distress with character of meconium. Aggressive active management is required depending upon the character of meconium, heart rate pattern, stage of labour, expected time taken in delivery facility of neonatal care in place of delivery. Amnioinfusion is simple, safe and inexpensive procedure with almost nil complications though it does not decrease rate of cesarean section to statistically significant extent.Key words: Fetal distress, meconium, meconium aspiration syndrome, amnioinfusion
Investigation of bn-44 Peptide Fragments Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Isotope Labeling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An N-terminal deuterohemin-containing hexapeptide (DhHP-6) was designed as a short peptide cytochrome c (Cyt c) mimetic to study the effect of N-terminal charge on peptide fragmentation pathways. This peptide gave different dissociation patterns than normal tryptic peptides. Upon collision-induced dissociation (CID) with an ion trap mass spectrometer, the singly charged peptide ion containing no added proton generated abundant and characteristic bn-44 ions instead of bn-28 (an) ions. Studies by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and isotope labeling indicate that elimination of 44 Da fragments from b ions occurs via two different pathways: (1) loss of CH3CHO (44.0262) from a Thr side chain; (2) loss of CO2 (43.9898) from the oxazolone structure in the C-terminus. A series of analogues were designed and analyzed. The experimental results combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on the proton affinity of the deuteroporphyrin demonstrate that the production of these novel bn-44 ions is related to the N-terminal charge via a charge-remote rather than radical-directed fragmentation pathway.
Free, Fair or Flattery: Political Participation and the Media - A Case Study of the NGO Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) and the Constitution Making Process in Zambia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Issues of democracy and the greater debate on development cannot go without an examination of the various agencies that play a role in the larger development agenda and in political participation in particular, including NGOs and the Media. Here media refers to both traditional media of television, radio and press and social media and WEB 2.0. The case of YALI and the constitution making process in Zambia, embedded in Jürgen Habermas’ public sphere theory and Peter Dahlgren’s civic cultures, illuminates how NGOs, when faced with threats, intimidation and censorship, strive to create a platform for civic engagement for citizens. The interaction and coming together of NGOs and the Media is of fundamental importance for a thriving democracy and for advancements of political engagement in Zambia. This thesis argues that given the dangers associated with getting involved in politics in Zambia due to threats and harassment by those in power, coupled with unfulfilled political promises and high illiteracy levels, there is a decline in political participation in Zambia. This study further demonstrates that the ideals of the civic culture circuit namely, knowledge, values, trust, spaces, practices and identities; as well as deliberative democracy, political participation, NGOs and the media, are all challenged in the case of YALI in Zambia.