jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Offshore Drilling and Public Service

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Guest editorial Approximately a year ago, in June 2010, US President Barack Obama and Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar asked me to serve as director of the US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE). Two months earlier, the Deepwater Horizon exploded, taking the lives of 11 men, injuring 17 others, and causing nearly 5 million bbl of oil to spill into the Gulf of Mexico. It was an event with enormous human and environmental consequences, which will leave a lasting legacy. It was an event that jolted industry and government alike. In the wake of Deepwater Horizon, BOEMRE has raised the bar for safety, oversight, and environmental protection at every stage of the drilling process. We have made significant progress, but there is still much work to be done. One of the most pressing issues facing the agency is ensuring that we can fill our ranks with the nation’s best and the brightest engineers and scientists. Strengthening Regulations First, a brief look at the reforms we have undertaken. Among the central tasks that needed to be addressed was the strengthening of the rules and regulations that govern offshore drilling. We needed to enhance drilling and workplace safety and provide additional protection for the environment. We did so quickly and responsibly. Within a few short months, we developed and implemented two important new rules. The first rule, the Drilling Safety Rule, created tough new standards for well design, casing, and cementing, and new rules for well control procedures and equipment, including blowout preventers. Operators are now required to obtain independent third party inspection and certification of the proposed drilling process, and an engineer must certify that blowout preventers meet new standards for testing and maintenance and are capable of severing the drill pipe under anticipated well pressures. The second rule, the Workplace Safety Rule, requires operators to systematically identify risks and establish barriers to those risks and thereby seeks to reduce the human and organizational errors that lie at the heart of many accidents and oil spills. In addition, operators must now have a plan and the demonstrated ability to shut in a deepwater blowout and capture oil flowing from a wild well. Thus, rather than improvising a containment response on the fly—with the hits and misses we saw during the attempts to bring the Macondo well under control—each operator must develop a containment plan that includes demonstration of access to containment technology such as a capping stack, and BOEMRE has to approve this plan.
Riverine macroinvertebrate assemblages up to 8 years

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tWillow removal followed by riparian revegetation is a widespread river restoration practice in Australia, but the ecological response to this has rarely been evaluated. We sampled river macroinvertebrates from six sites each of three riparian vegetation types: revegetated (treatment), willow-dominated (control) and native forest (reference) in the Gellibrand River catchment during austral spring 2007 and autumn 2008, and measured temperature and light intensity. Revegetated sites varied in age from 1 to 8 years since restoration. Abundances of invertebrates were similar across vegetation types, but were higher during autumn. Macroinvertebrate assemblages at revegetated sites (regardless of age) and at willow-dominated sites showed little among-site variation compared with native forest sites,which showed high site-to-site variability. Water temperatures and light intensity were higher at revegetated sites where works had recently been completed and cooler in native forest sites and long-established revegetated sites. The reduced variability in macroinvertebrate communities among revegetated sites may result from their history as willow-dominated sites or from the disturbance created by willow removal. Either way, these results suggest that longer than 8 years is required before macroinvertebrate assemblages in restored stretches of stream show the variation that appears characteristic of natural sites.\n\t\t\t\t
Complex transcriptional regulation and independent evolution of fungal-like traits in a relative of animals

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

© 2015, © Mendoza et al. Cell-type specification through differential genome regulation is a hallmark of complex multicellularity. However, it remains unclear how this process evolved during the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms. To address this question, we investigated transcriptional dynamics in the ichthyosporean Creolimax fragrantissima, a relative of animals that undergoes coenocytic development. We find that Creolimax utilizes dynamic regulation of alternative splicing, long inter-genic non-coding RNAs and co-regulated gene modules associated with animal multicellularity in a cell-type specific manner. Moreover, our study suggests that the different cell types of the three closest animal relatives (ichthyosporeans, filastereans and choanoflagellates) are the product of lineage-specific innovations. Additionally, a proteomic survey of the secretome reveals adaptations to a fungal-like lifestyle. In summary, the diversity of cell types among protistan relatives of animals and their complex genome regulation demonstrates that the last unicellular ancestor of animals was already capable of elaborate specification of cell types.
Early stabilizing feature importance for TensorFlow deep neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Feature importance is the process where the individual elements of a machine learning model's feature vector are ranked on their relative importance to the accuracy of that model. Some feature ranking algorithms are specific to a single model type, such as Garson and Goh's neural network weight-based feature ranking algorithm. Other feature ranking algorithms are model agnostic, such as Brieman's perturbation feature ranking algorithm. This paper provides implementations for both the neural network weight-based and perturbation feature ranking algorithms for Google's TensorFlow Deep Learning framework. Additionally, this paper introduces a novel hybrid approach of these two feature ranking algorithms that produces a stable ranking of features earlier in the training epochs of a deep neural network. Earlier stabilization of feature rank can save considerable compute cycles during model searches and feature engineering where many representations of the feature vector must be compared. This paper demonstrates all three algorithms by empirically showing that the introduced hybrid weight perturbation algorithms achieves earlier stability than the established algorithms.
Integrating ecological niche modeling and rates of evolution to model geographic regions of mimetic color pattern selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Geographic variation in natural selection derived from biotic sources is an important driver of trait evolution. The evolution of Müllerian mimicry is governed by dual biotic forces of frequency-dependent predator selection and densities of prey populations consisting of conspecifics or congeners. Difficulties in quantifying these biotic forces can lead to difficulties in delimiting and studying phenomena such as mimicry evolution. We explore the spatial distribution of morphotypes and identify areas of high mimetic selection using a novel combination of methods to generate maps of mimetic phenotype prevalence in Ranitomeya poison frogs, a group of frogs characterized by great phenotypic variation and multiple putative Müllerian mimic pairs. We categorized representative populations of all species into four major recurring color patterns observed in Ranitomeya : striped, spotted, redhead, and banded morphs. We calculated rates of phenotypic evolution for each of the 4 morphs separately and generated ecological niche models (ENMs) for all species. We then split our species-level ENMs on the basis of intraspecific variation in color pattern categorization, and weighted ENM layers by relative evolutionary rate to produce mimicry maps. Our phenotypic evolutionary rate analyses identified multiple significant shifts in rates of evolution for the spotted, redhead, and banded phenotypes. Our mimicry maps successfully identify all suspected and known areas of Müllerian mimicry selection in Ranitomeya from the literature and show geographic areas with a gradient of suitability for Müllerian mimicry surrounding mimic hotspots. This approach offers an effective hypothesis generation method for studying traits that are tied to geography by explicitly connecting evolutionary patterns of traits to trends in their geographic distribution, particularly in situations where there are unknowns about drivers of trait evolution.
Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is Correlated with Patient's Prognosis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step leading to invasion and migration of various cancer cells, and are characterized by decreased E-cadherin as an epithelial marker, and increased vimentin as a mesenchymal marker. The present study focused on the clinicopathological significance of E-cadherin and vimentin expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). Immunohistochemically, E-cadherin expression patterns were classified into two types: preserved or reduced; and vimentin expression patterns were also divided into two types: positive or negative. The univariate analyses showed six factors associated with increased mortality: tumor size (P = 0.031), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001), histological differentiation (P = 0.036), E-cadherin reduced expression (P < 0.001), and vimentin positive expression (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that E-cadherin reduced expression (P < 0.001), vimentin positive expression (P = 0.028), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), and age (P = 0.020) were independent predictors of patient mortality. There may be some correlation between E-cadherin and vimentin expression (P = 0.017), but the correlation coefficient was 0.235. The complete EMT and the incomplete EMT type were associated with a poor prognosis (p < 0.001 and p=0.036, respectively). The overall survival rate after curative resection was significantly lower in patients with the complete EMT type (reduced E-cadherin / positive vimentin). In conclusion, both E-cadherin and vimentin are independent predictors of mortality, and the EMT phenotype is a significant indicator of poor prognosis in lung SqCC.
Influence of Annealing on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Alloy Ti-6Al-7Nb, Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work is devoted to enhancement of strength and ductility of the Ti-6Al-7Nb ELI alloy, which is less harmful from medical point of view for human body in comparison to Ti-6Al-4V. It has been demonstrated that formation of an ultrafine-grained structure in the alloy with the help of equal-channel angular pressing in combination with heat and deformation treatments allows reaching high strength (UTS = 1400 MPa) and sufficient ductility (elongation 10 %).
Inactivation of <I>Bacillus piliformis</I> Spores by Heat and Certain Chemical Disinfectants

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The inactivation of Tyzzer's organism (Bacillus piliformis) spore isolated from rats by heat and various chemical disinfectants was studied. The spores were from B. piliformis-infected rat liver tissues. The spore suspension (10(4) 50% of rat liver lesion producing dose with prednisolone treatment/ml) was treated with heart or disinfectants. Inactivation of the spores was examined in experimentally infected rats. Rats were inoculated perorally with a treated spore suspension and injected subcutaneously with prednisolone. On the sixth day after inoculation, rats were examined grossly for liver lesions. Spores were inactivated at 80 degrees C for 15 min but not at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Spores were inactivated by 0.4% peracetic acid, 0.015% sodium hypochrolite, 1% iodophol, 5% phenol. Alcide and 0.37% formaldehyde solution, but not by 0.037% formaldehyde solution, 70% ethanol, 0.3% benzethonium chloride solution, 3% cresol and soap solution, or 4% chlorhexidine digluconate. These findings suggest that B. piliformis spores are relatively sensitive to heat and certain chemical disinfectants.
Healthcare for migrant workers in destination countries: a comparative qualitative study of China and Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives This paper explores policies addressing migrant worker’s health and barriers to healthcare access in two middle-income, destination countries in Asia with cross-border migration to Yunnan province, China and international migration to Malaysia. Design Qualitative interviews were conducted in Rui Li City and Tenchong County in Yunnan Province, China (n=23) and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (n=44), along with review of policy documents. Data were thematically analysed. Participants Participants were migrant workers and key stakeholders with expertise in migrant issues including representatives from international organisations, local civil society organisations, government agencies, medical professionals, academia and trade unions. Results Migrant health policies at destination countries were predominantly protectionist, concerned with preventing transmission of communicable disease and the excessive burden on health systems. In China, foreign wives were entitled to state-provided maternal health services while female migrant workers had to pay out-of-pocket and often returned to Myanmar for deliveries. In Malaysia, immigration policies prohibit migrant workers from pregnancy, however, women do deliver at healthcare facilities. Mandatory HIV testing was imposed on migrants in both countries, where it was unclear whether and how informed consent was obtained from migrants. Migrants who did not pass mandatory health screenings in Malaysia would runaway rather than be deported and become undocumented in the process. Excessive attention on migrant workers with communicable disease control campaigns in China resulted in inadvertent stigmatisation. Language and financial barriers frustrated access to care in both countries. Reported conditions of overcrowding and inadequate healthcare access at immigration detention centres raise public health concern. Conclusions This study’s findings inform suggestions to mainstream the protection of migrant workers’ health within national health policies in two middle-income destination countries, to ensure that health systems are responsive to migrants’ needs as well as to strengthen bilateral and regional cooperation towards ensuring better migration management.
The Civil Wars after 1660: Public Remembering in Late Stuart England, by Matthew Neufeld

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Civil Wars after 1660: Public Remembering in Late Stuart England, by Matthew Neufeld. Woodbridge and Rochester, The Boydell Press, 2013. xiv, 284 pp. $99.00 US (cloth). This is an enterprising addition to a burgeoning field. There has been, at least since the 1970s, an ever-growing study in how the English civil wars were remembered and debated in the half century after they ended (with the Restoration of the monarchy in May 1660) and indeed in the Victorian age, both representing prisms through which we still read this central episode in English and British History. Most attention has been focused on the publication, often in severely and revealingly bowdlerised forms, of the memoirs and diaries of both principal and peripheral actors, and several books have been devoted to the way the central figure of Oliver Cromwell was memorialized--more demonized than sanctified in the late seventeenth century, the reverse from the 1840s on. Neufeld engages with these literatures and has new things to say about the canonical texts. His discussion of the prefaces written by Henry Hyde, earl of Rochester, to the first edition of his father's History of the Great Rebellion is a case in point. But he is even more interesting in his close encounter with much less familiar material such as the hundreds of petitions written by war veterans seeking disability pensions in the Restoration, or the sermons preached annually on 29 May--the day on which Charles II entered London to reclaim his throne in 1660 (and also, as it happens) his birthday--not only in Charles II's reign but right down to the Hanoverian succession in 1714. What would have been an equally innovative chapter on how the Anglican clergyman John Walker sent out questionnaires to every parish so as to chronicle and gloss the sufferings of the clergy for Church and King in the 1660s and which he finally published in 1714 has been somewhat overtaken by the publication of a monograph on the subject (Fiona McCall, Baal's Priests, Famham, 2013), although Neufeld is still well worth reading on the subject. His central thesis is that public remembering of the civil wars and interregnum after 1660 was concerned with re-fighting the old struggle, but rather commending and justifying, or contesting and attacking, the Restoration settlements that underlay the Anglican confessional state (emphasis mine, p. 2). The phrase not ultimately is a bit careless here and Neufeld needed to tread more carefully. I do doubt that he is on to something important and well worth saying, and indeed perhaps the most compelling parts of his analysis come in the chapters covering the period after 1689--for example the chapter devoted to a wholly new analysis of 29 May day sermons shows no decline in the incidence or polemical clout of those sermons right down to the Hanoverian succession. …
Paleopathology of Infectious Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The human species is the most infected of the animal kingdom. Infectious diseases are directly responsible for more than a quarter of the world's annual human mortality. To understand the dynamics of human infections over time, it is crucial to turn to the sciences of the past and to the best placed of these sciences, which is paleopathology. As very few infectious diseases leave traces that can be identified on the skeleton, it is necessary to combine methods and data from archaeology, history, and molecular biology for studying the paleopathology of infections, holistic approach which is authorized by the definition of paleopathology proposed by Ruffer in 1913. This chapter focuses on non-specific skeletal infections, which are the poorest relatives of paleopathology and paleomicrobiology, whereas they were a major health issue for past populations.
Histopathological validation of semi-automated myocardial scar quantification techniques for dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims To evaluate the performance of various semi-automated techniques for quantification of myocardial infarct size on both conventional bright-blood and novel dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images using histopathology as reference standard. Methods and results In 13 Yorkshire pigs, reperfused myocardial infarction was experimentally induced. At 7 weeks post-infarction, both bright-blood and dark-blood LGE imaging were performed on a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner. Following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the animals were sacrificed, and histopathology was obtained. The percentage of infarcted myocardium was assessed per slice using various semi-automated scar quantification techniques, including the signal threshold vs. reference mean (STRM, using 3 to 8 SDs as threshold) and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) methods, as well as manual contouring, for both LGE methods. Infarct size obtained by histopathology was used as reference. In total, 24 paired LGE MRI slices and histopathology samples were available for analysis. For both bright-blood and dark-blood LGE, the STRM method with a threshold of 5 SDs led to the best agreement to histopathology without significant bias (−0.23%, 95% CI [−2.99, 2.52%], P = 0.862 and −0.20%, 95% CI [−2.12, 1.72%], P = 0.831, respectively). Manual contouring significantly underestimated infarct size on bright-blood LGE (−1.57%, 95% CI [−2.96, −0.18%], P = 0.029), while manual contouring on dark-blood LGE outperformed semi-automated quantification and demonstrated the most accurate quantification in this study (−0.03%, 95% CI [−0.22, 0.16%], P = 0.760). Conclusion The signal threshold vs. reference mean method with a threshold of 5 SDs demonstrated the most accurate semi-automated quantification of infarcted myocardium, without significant bias compared to histopathology, for both conventional bright-blood and novel dark-blood LGE.
DABCO catalyzed synthesis of new 2-amino-8-arylidene-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo- 4<i>H</i>-pyran-3-carbonitriles from α,ά-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of new series of 2-amino-8-arylidene-4-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles from the reaction of α,ά-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones with malononitrile under reflux conditions in the presence DABCO in good to excellent yields has been described. KEY WORDS: DABCO, 4H-Pyran, α,ά-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanone Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2012, 26(2), 249-255.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v26i2.8
Waiting For Elsewhere: Place, Temporality And Myanmar Migrants In Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The central argument of this dissertation upholds that the experience of time cannot be understood independently of the experience of place, in other words, that the experience of time is inextricable from the experience of place. I argue that migrants experience Thailand foremost as a non-place. The difficulty they have in molding place according to their own wishes, results in an increased desire to formulate flexible orientations in and towards time. Migrants increasingly live oriented towards the future and the present becomes a tool for envisioning and working towards the life-to-be. The future, however, is not only a temporal condition. Embedded in the waiting process is the realization that the future will only fulfill its promise if it is going to be lived elsewhere. The return to a place with room for personal histories, meaningful identity-formation processes and lasting relations is necessarily a move through time and space.
Revaluation of 99Mo production by (n,gamma) method at HANARO

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

After the feasibility study on 99Mo production by (n,gamma) method at HANARO was published by a KAERI report, worldwide supply of 99Mo became worse and a need for early available alternative 99Mo became stronger. Previous study indicated that the (n,gamma)99Mo has a potential to be an alternative mass 99Mo available earlier than those by any other methods. It can be realized when radioisotope industry of each country accepts the use of (n,gamma)99Mo for a meaningful portion of national demand. A good backup supply system among high flux reactors in the region is a prerequisite to guarantee a stable and sufficient availability of the (n,gamma)99Mo for the region, for which active collaboration among reactors is essential. As the initial stage of collaboration between HANARO and JMTR for the (n,gamma)99Mo supply, the specific experience and 99Mo production capability in HANARO have been discussed and revisited on the base of the previous report.