jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CIUSuite 3: Next-Generation CCS Calibration and Automated Data Analysis Tools for Gas-Phase Protein Unfolding Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has become a technology deployed across a wide range of structural biology applications despite the challenges in characterizing closely related protein structures. Collision-induced unfolding (CIU) has emerged as a valuable technique for distinguishing closely related, iso-cross-sectional protein and protein complex ions through their distinct unfolding pathways in the gas phase. With the speed and sensitivity of CIU analyses, there has been a rapid growth of CIU-based assays, especially regarding biomolecular targets that remain challenging to assess and characterize with other structural biology tools. With information-rich CIU data, many software tools have been developed to automate laborious data analysis. However, with the recent development of new IM-MS technologies, such as cyclic IM-MS, CIU continues to evolve, necessitating improved data analysis tools to keep pace with new technologies and facilitating the automation of various data processing tasks. Here, we present CIUSuite 3, a software package that contains updated algorithms that support various IM-MS platforms and supports the automation of various data analysis tasks such as peak detection, multidimensional classification, and collision cross section (CCS) calibration. CIUSuite 3 uses local maxima searches along with peak width and prominence filters to detect peaks to automate CIU data extraction. To support both the primary CIU (CIU1) and secondary CIU (CIU2) experiments enabled by cyclic IM-MS, two-dimensional data preprocessing is deployed, which allows multidimensional classification. Our data suggest that additional dimensions in classification improve the overall accuracy of class assignments. CIUSuite 3 also supports CCS calibration for both traveling wave and drift tube IM-MS, and we demonstrate the accuracy of a new single-field CCS calibration method designed for drift tube IM-MS leveraging calibrant CIU data. Overall, CIUSuite 3 is positioned to support current and next-generation IM-MS and CIU assay development deployed in an automated format.
THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ARRHYTHMIC MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is estimated that the prevalence of mitral valve pro­lapse (MVP) among middle-aged and older individuals in Western countries is 2-4% (1). MVP can lead to va­rious adverse outcomes such as significant mitral valve dysfunction, heart failure, infective endocarditis, stroke, cardiac arrhythmias, and the least investigated but most severe complication, sudden cardiac arrest (2). In asses­sing the risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias associated with arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse, several clinical factors stand out, most of which can be evalua­ted using non-invasive diagnostic methods. Characteris­tic risk factors include mitral annular anomalies (mitral annulus disjunction), left ventricular myocardial fibrosis, altered mitral annular velocity configuration, hypera­drenergic state, female gender, complex left ventricular ectopy, and changes in the electrocardiogram (T-wave inversions in inferior leads). Mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) is a pathology often observed in patients with myxomatous MVP and is clo­sely associated with MVP (3). Recent studies have shown a connection between MAD, ventricular arrhythmias, and papillary muscle fibrosis (4, 5). It has been found that patients with MAD more commonly experience ventri­cular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia compared to those without MAD (4). Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias associated with MVP are more common in women (data indicates that 70-90% of affected indivi­duals are women) (6). The cause of this gender misma­tch is unknown and may be multifactorial: both types of MVP are more common in women, and surgical mitral valve repair is less frequently performed in women (7). In younger patients, the anatomic features of MVP arise from the formation of excess tissue on the MV leaflets, leading to Barlow’s disease, while in older patients, ana­tomic abnormalities typically manifest as fibroelastic degeneration. Both forms of the disease can cause elon­gation or rupture of the MVP chords (8). The aim of the study is to summarise the pathophysiology of mitral valve prolapse using literature sources.
Lactiferous vessel detection from microscopic cross-sectional images

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper presents the methods to detect and segment lactiferous vessels or rubber latex vessels from gray scale microscopic cross-sectional images using polynomial curve-fitting with maximum and minimum stationary points. Polynomial curve-fitting is used to detect the location of lactiferous vessels from an image of a non-dyed cross-sectional slice which was taken by a digital camera through microscope lens. The lactiferous vessels are then segmented from an image using maximum and minimum stationary points with morphological closing operation. Two species of rubber trees of age between one to two years old are sampled namely, RRIM600 and RRIT251. Two data sets contain 30 microscopic cross-sectional images of one-year old rubber tree's stems from each species are used in the experiments and the results reveal that most of the lactiferous vessel areas can be segmented correctly.
Exploring seasonal accumulation bias in a west central Greenland ice core with observed and reanalyzed data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The seasonality of accumulation in west central Greenland is investigated to determine whether a summer bias exists in a multi-century ice core recovered from Crawford Point (CP). Such a bias would negatively affect the ice core’s potential for reconstructing the history of winter circulation patterns including the North Atlantic Oscillation. An automatic weather station (AWS) installed at the CP site in 1995 records sub-daily surface heights and affords a unique opportunity to assess the seasonal distribution of accumulation and test the performance of five gridded reanalysis datasets and a regional climate model. Simulated accumulation compares remarkably well with in situ measurements from both the AWS and CP ice core, demonstrating their potential to accurately represent accumulation in this region. Seasonal accumulation exhibits no summer maximum, indicating that any concurrent precipitation maximum is likely offset by melt and/or sublimation effects. The lack of a strong seasonal accumulation bias implies that the CP ice core is well suited for future investigations of the history of winter circulation patterns.
Getting it wrong.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a case–control study of 10–12-year-old children with either autism, special educational needs or normal development, Baird et al 1 examined measles antibody responses (plaque reduction neutralisation assay) and the presence of measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). The study apparently sought to identify autistic children relevant to the original MMR/autism hypothesis, that is, those with both regression and significant gastrointestinal symptoms.

The study is severely limited by case definition in the context of the crucial “possible enterocolitis” group. For inclusion in this group the child had to have two or more of the following five current gastrointestinal symptoms (plus past persistent diarrhoea of >14 days’ duration excluding current constipation):

Over the last 10 years we have evaluated several thousand children on the autistic …
Research on tourism, well-being, and nature: a bibliometric analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tourism offering well-being practices in nature has increased exponentially in recent years. The scientific interest in this subject has also grown at a similar rate, from both a theoretical and a methodological perspective. We present a bibliometric analysis using the search terms "tourism", "well-being", and "nature" disclosed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Combining quantitative and visual methods, we analyse 443 records on this topic according to seven items: productivity evolution, overlapping, geographical distribution, research areas, most important keywords, main sources, and most cited articles. The results show a growing interest in this topic as well as a need to review the literature in the two databases, conducting a search from a multidisciplinary approach.
Public policy on aging and elderly: The case of Costa Rica

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background The Republic of Costa Rica is a Central American country with almost 4,7 million inhabitants (July 2013). Its territory covers a total area of 51,100 km², it is bathed in the east by the Caribbean Sea and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Regarding maritime boundaries, it borders Panama, Colombia, Nicaragua and Ecuador. Its capital, political and economic center is San Jose, and its official language is Spanish. Over the years, the Costa Rican people have created and inherited a deep sense of peaceful coexistence. Costa Rica has chosen, therefore, for a comprehensive, human-centered policy, marked by a profound respect for the rights and aspirations of the people. Ageing The positive social achievement of extended life expectancy, however, has highlighted the need to seriously address the challenges posed by the aging phenomenon and, especially, their consequences. In Costa Rica this began to occupy the attention of some professionals and institutions about 25 years ago. This led not only to some pioneering studies in the field of aging, but also to the development of important programs and institutions caring for the older person. But it was not until the late nineties that the country has started to enact specific legislation to address this important sector of the national population. Aim Analyzing the history and recent reforms about aging policies in Costa Rica including the evolution of the implemented strategies by the state addressing the situation of senior citizens. Results In this retrospective, it is found that the strong cultural influence of Costa Rica has allowed the state and civil society to develop actions in benefit of this population group, supported by the political constitution. Initially the focus was welfare and protectionist, followed by preventive, and nowadays it is of entitlement. The Comprehensive Law for the Older Adults No. 7935 and the creation of the National Council of the Older Adult as an attached organization of the Presidency of the Republic and governing body on aging have proven strong instruments. Both allow to impulse (i) qualitative changes in the promotion of the care of older adults (ii) a priority policy, conceptualized from the perspective of human rights and (iii) the networking that guarantees a comprehensive and timely care for every individual. This has allowed the construction of a new culture from the strong compromise that all the policy, financial and social sectors have enacted together with older adults and their families. It concludes by pointing out the importance of an active participation and stewardship of the older adults when it comes to consultation processes, alliance configuration and accountability about actions for their benefit. Also it stresses the importance of legal instruments concerning the specific necessities of older adults.
Cryogenic performance of a high precision photogrammetry system for verification of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module and associated ground support equipment structural alignment requirements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a general astrophysics mission which consists of a 6.6m diameter, segmented, deployable telescope for cryogenic IR space astronomy (~35K). The JWST Observatory architecture includes the Optical Telescope Element and the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element that contains four science instruments (SI) including a Guider. The alignment philosophy of ISIM is such that the cryogenic changes in the alignment of the SI interfaces are captured in the ISIM alignment error budget. The SIs are aligned to the structure's coordinate system under ambient, clean room conditions using laser tracker and theodolite metrology. The ISIM structure is thermally cycled and temperature-induced structural changes are concurrently measured with a photogrammetry metrology system to ensure they are within requirements. We compare the ISIM photogrammetry system performance to the ISIM metrology requirements and describe the cryogenic data acquired to verify photogrammetry system level requirements, including measurement uncertainty. The ISIM photogrammetry system is the baseline concept for future tests involving the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and Observatory level testing at Johnson Space Flight Center.
PRODUCTION VINEGAR FROM CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.) POD HUSK FERMENTATION USING SUCROSE AND Acetobacter aceti FNCC 0016

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a fruit sought after its beans while its skin is disposed as waste. Many chocolate industries don’t process cacao pods causing instability in the cocoa ecology of agriculture, like pest and fungus attacks. Cacao pods are classified as lignocellulose waste and can be used as a second generation of fermentation raw material. Lignocellulose consists of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. lignocellulose needs to be further processed so that it can be digested by living things. In this study, cocoa pods vinegar was made by the chemical delignification method followed by the hydrolysis process with the help of Aspergillus niger to decompose lignocellulose. Vinegar fermentation products are composed of acetic acid (CH3COOH) which provides a sour taste. In general, vinegar has 4 g/100 mL acetic acid content. The purpose of this study is to produce vinegar with cacao pod husk as a substrate, to know which vinegar formulations are in accordance with SNI 01-4371-1996 and to know the acceptance characterization of the sensory vinegar. In this study, the cacao pod husk vinegar was added by 20oBrix and 25oBrix sucrose and Acetobacter aceti FNCC 0016 as much as 600x106 (A) and 900x106 (B) CFU/mL. The process of making vinegar begins with NaOH delignification, Aspergillus niger hydrolysis, alcoholic fermentation for 7 days, and acetic acid fermentation for 15 days continued with chemical and sensory analysis. The experiment was conducted with a 2x2 Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. The chemical test of vinegar were analyzed by SPSS (One Way AN0VA method) and sensory analysis was done by using the Kruskal-Wallis method followed by Mann-Whitney. The results of the analysis showed that the addition of sucrose and Acetobacter aceti had an effect on the parameters of Brix content, total acid, total volatile acid, tannin but had no effect on the pH value. Acetobacter aceti had a significant influence on producing high total acids. The vinegar formulation that is close to the SNI 01-4371-1996 was 20oBrix A, 25oBrix A, 25oBrix B. Overall, panelists preferred the vinegar 25oBrix A formulation compared to commercial vinegar products. By this study, it seemed that the delignification method needs to be optimized in order to produce a strong aroma and taste of acetic acid of cacao pod husk vinegar.
ChemInform Abstract: Preferred Conformation of 2‐Triphenylphosphonio‐1,3‐dithianes: Competition Between Steric and Anomeric Effects.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
At the depths of intimacy. Mixed-race families and sociabilities in Madagascar during the colonial period (1896–1960)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until the end of the nineteenth century, relationships between Malagasy and foreigners played an important role both in the integration processes of foreigners in Madagascar, and in the operation of long-distance commercial networks. The colonization of the island changed the status of these alliances and those born under them, placing them under the often-suspicious gaze of both the colonizers and the colonized. However, interracial relationships remained a means of linking different types of networks. I will look at the unions between Europeans and Malagasy and their descendants in the Merina Kingdom during the colonial period (1896–1960). Through the analysis of European civil-status registers and, above all, life stories, I intend to show how, in the depths of intimacy, European and Malagasy networks are connected, allowing the mobility and territorial anchoring of individuals. To this end, I will highlight the way in which European colonizers form social and family networks. Through their union with Malagasy women, Europeans are integrated into local networks and, from one generation to the next, their families are rooted in Malagasy territory. At the same time, once settled, some of them maintain ties with their homeland by bringing over members of their original family and sending their mixed-race children to study there. Over time, networks between mixed-race families have developed through the use of common schools, institutions accepting mixed-race people, and the pursuit of similar professions. Mixed-race families thus embody the connection between European and Malagasy sociability and draw a sociability of the in-between, of colonizers and colonized.
Peer-Learning: a model for optimising the environment of mutual help to facilitate scaffolding of student learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of educational strategies that require students to be more actively involved in the learning process is now strongly advocated for third level education; thus shifting the paradigm from a teacher-centred to the student-centred approach. 'Peer learning' is an educational strategy that refers to students learning with and from their fellow learners (Boud, 2001). The aim of this study was to develop a peer-learning model and ascertain the feasibility and outcome of engaging student groups to learn and develop study strategies and skills for the subject of Human Anatomy. Four peer groups were formed, incorporating 1st and 3rd year students. A two-day training of senior students/peer leaders in specific teaching and learning theories was provided. Peer supported learning sessions were held on weekly basis. In these sessions peer leaders encouraged students to take responsibility for processing course materials; facilitated the review of notes and discussed their difficulties. Student leaders then used various strategies to facilitate students to structure their understanding of the content. At the end of twelve weeks, student and the peer leader feedback was collected using two separate questionnaires. An analysis of feedback revealed that peer learning contributed very positively to the learning experiences; not only for student learners but also for the peer leaders. Data suggested that through conversations in these sessions students gained confidence in their understanding of the subject knowledge and in communicating the subject information. Results reflected other major benefits gained both by students and the leaders. 'Peer-Learning' is an effective model for providing students an opportunity to take initiative and manage their own learning and thus can play an active role in their educational and personal development. Peer learning process can thus be potentially beneficial to all clinical and related education.
Acid-catalyzed decomposition of 4(5)-nitroso-5(4)-phenylimidazole in methanol and water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-catalyzed decomposition of 4(5)-nitroso-5(4)-phenylimidazole in methanol and waterShelley M. Brothers and Robert A. McClellandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 7, 1357–1359Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00383a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00383a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Local conditional topological pressure for amenable group actions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we introduce topological pressure with sub-additive potentials with respect to an open cover conditioned by a fixed finite Borel partition for amenable group actions, and establish a local conditional variational principle for it. As an application, we obtain variational principles for upper and lower conditional metric mean dimensions with sub-additive potentials, in terms of conditional measure-theoretic entropy.
Limits of Limits of Arbitrage: Theory and Evidence∗

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We present a model where arbitrageurs operate on an asset market that can be hit by information shocks. Before entering the market, arbitrageurs are allowed to optimize their capital structure, in order to take advantage of potential underpricing. We find that, at equilibrium, some arbitrageurs always receive funding, even in low information environ-ments. Other arbitrageurs only receive funding in high information environments. The model makes two easily testable predictions: first, arbitrageurs with stable funding should experience more mean reversion in returns, in particular following low performance. Sec-ond, this larger mean reversion should be lower, if many other funds have stable funding. We test these predictions on a sample of hedge funds, some of which impose impediments to withdrawal to their investors. 1