jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aflibercept Treatment and Regimes in Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the most common vascular disease leading cause of vision loss after diabetic retinopathy (DR) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The pathogenesis of CRVO involves a thrombus formation leading to increased retinal capillary pressure, increased vascular permeability, and possibly retinal neovascularization. Vision loss due to CRVO is commonly caused by macular edema. Multiple treatment modalities have been used to treat macular edema. Currently, the most common therapy modality used is intravitreal inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The three most widely used agents are aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. In addition, intraocular steroids can be used to treat macular edema. This review will briefly cover the treatment options and discuss in greater detail the efficacy and safety of aflibercept.
The Role of Endocannabinoids in Physiological Processes and Disease Pathology: A Comprehensive Review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endocannabinoid system is a complex communication system involved in maintaining homeostasis in various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, pain modulation, and neuroprotection. Endocannabinoids, mainly anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are natural ligands of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, which are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Their biosynthesis, degradation, and interaction with other signaling pathways play crucial roles in both health and disease. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological and pathological roles of endocannabinoids, discusses their potential as therapeutic targets, and highlights recent advances in endocannabinoid-based treatments.
Shane: Twenty-five Years Later

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

NOTES G E R A L D H A S L A M California State College, Sonoma Shane: Twenty-five Years Later In 1949 an eastern newspaperman published a short novel set in a Wyoming valley where the conflict between a free-range cattleman and stubborn yeomen farmers intent upon homesteading allowed a gunfighter to try altering his life. He rode into our valley in the summer of ’89. . . . In that clear Wyoming air I could see him plainly, though he was still several miles away. There seemed nothing remarkable about him, just another stray horseman riding up the road toward the cluster of frame buildings that was our town. Then I saw a pair of cowhands, loping past him, stop and stare with a curious intentness. The rider was Shane, and the writer was Jack Schaefer. Today, after some sixty editions in twenty-five different languages, Shane (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949) remains among the most popular and also most studied novels in Western American Literature. It has been attacked as being “simple,” a “mere code western,” but it has endured for a quarter century. That the novel was converted into a memorable motion picture certainly transfused further life into the book. But the elements of the novel that allowed it to be so compellingly dramatized must be credited with much of the film’s success. Alan Ladd, Jean Arthur, 216 Western American Literature Ben Johnson, Van Heflin, Brandon DeWilde, and Jack Palance aside, without the powerful simplicity of Schaefer’s story, there was no movie. Jack Schaefer did not remain an easterner long. He relocated in New Mexico where he now lives. And he did not fall for the big money hucksterism that urged him to write sequels to Shane. His artistic sense told him that that story was done, so he involved himself ever more deeply in the history and myth of his chosen region, and continued writing, producing at least two other memorable books: The Canyon (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953), and Monte Walsh (Boston: Hough­ ton Mifflin, 1963). Best of all, he is still writing. Shane introduced readers to a slate-hard style, to atale-teller’s grasp of plot and character, and to a scholar’s detailed quest for historical truth as best it could be known. But it did more: it revealed a writer who could capture the magic of an area along with its ordinariness. By the time one read the final, powerful lines — He was a man who rode into our little valley out of the heart of the great and glowing West and when his work was done rode back whence he had come and he was Shane. — it was clear that not just a book, but a man ofspecial quality had come West. Today, twenty-five years later, we can offer Jack congratulations, and thanks. ...
Data from Nilotinib as Coadjuvant Treatment with Doxorubicin in Patients with Sarcomas: A Phase I Trial of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Nilotinib plus doxorubicin showed to be synergistic regarding apoptosis in several sarcoma cell lines. A phase I/II trial was thus designed to explore the feasibility of nilotinib as coadjuvant of doxorubicin by inhibiting MRP-1/P-gp efflux activity. The phase I part of the study is presented here.</p><p><b>Patients and Methods:</b> Nilotinib 400 mg/12 hours was administered in fixed dose from day 1 to 6, and doxorubicin on day 5 of each cycle. Three dose escalation levels for doxorubicin at 60, 65, and 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup> were planned. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for a total of 4 cycles. Eligible subtypes were retroperitoneal liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and unresectable/metastatic high-grade chondrosarcoma.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Thirteen patients were enrolled: 7 chondrosarcoma, 4 liposarcoma, and 2 leiomyosarcoma. In 46 cycles administered, the most relevant grade 3/4 adverse effects per patient were neutropenia 54%, febrile neutropenia 15%, and asthenia 8%. No cardiac toxicity was observed. Only one dose-limiting toxicity (febrile neutropenia) was reported in the third dose level. With regard to efficacy, 1 partial response (1 liposarcoma), 9 stable diseases (5 chondrosarcoma, 2 liposarcoma, 1 leiomyosarcoma), and 3 progressive diseases (2 chondrosarcoma and 1 leiomyosarcoma) were present. <i>ABCB1</i> and <i>ABCC1</i> RNA expression levels decreased by 58.47-fold and 1.47-fold, respectively, on day 5 of the cycle.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Combination of MRP-1/P-gp inhibitor, nilotinib, as coadjuvant with doxorubicin is feasible; it appears not to add substantial toxicity compared with doxorubicin alone. Pharmacodynamic study supports this concept. The recommended dose for the phase II part for doxorubicin was 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5239–49. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Cause and Analysis of 2022 Formula 1 ‘Porpoising’

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the development of industrial technology, sports events have gradually drawn people’s attention. In motorsports, which is the experiment of advanced automotive technology, fluid mechanics analysis has been applied to their design and competition. Fluid mechanics cannot only reduce the air resistance on the vehicle surface but also play an essential role in stabilizing the vehicle in racing, especially in the corners. Therefore, the application of fluid mechanics has become more prevalent in recent years with plenty of performant aerodynamic designs. This article describes the ‘porpoising’, the aerodynamic oscillation phenomenon of the Venturi effect newly designed for the 2022 Formula 1. Moreover, there will be an explanation of the causes and effects of this phenomenon through fluid mechanics. The explanation will be based on analyzing the information from mechanics, team, and FIA. A geometric model and mathematical method will be applied to analyze the Venturi effect. Also, SolidWorks CFD computation for a simple Venturi tunnel model is a persuasive verification for aerodynamic oscillation. In addition, the development of the team and the rules of the FIA will be introduced. This information will be a great help for the FIA to improve the regulations and for the teams to design new vehicles.
Calavita's Law & Society: (En)racing Law and Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the sharpest critiques of law and society scholarship in recent years has come from scholars who maintain that law and society scholarship fails to address the issue of race appropriately. This essay considers several critiques of law and society scholars' engagement with issues of race and uses them to evaluate Kitty Calavita's exploration of race in Invitation to Law &amp; Society: An Introduction to the Study of Real Law (2010). The essay advocates the use of “race as process” as a mode of analysis that will allow for greater explanatory power to law and society scholarship when it touches on racial issues.
Myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and altered cardiac gene expression profiles in rats exposed to a predator-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

People who are exposed to life-threatening trauma are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition to psychological manifestations, PTSD is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other cardiovascular problems. We previously reported that rats exposed to a predator-based model of PTSD develop myocardial hypersensitivity to ischemic injury. This study characterized cardiac changes in histology and gene expression in rats exposed this model. Male rats were subjected to two cat exposures (separated by a period of 10 d) and daily cage-mate changes for 31 d. Control rats were not exposed to the cat or cage-mate changes. Ventricular tissue was analyzed by RNA sequencing, western blotting, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Multifocal lesions characterized by necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and collagen deposition were observed in hearts from all stressed rats but none of the control rats. Gene expression analysis identified clusters of upregulated genes associated with endothelial to mesenchymal transition, endothelial migration, mesenchyme differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling in hearts from stressed rats. Consistent with endothelial to mesenchymal transition, rats from stressed hearts exhibited increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (a myofibroblast marker) and a decrease in the number of CD31 positive endothelial cells. These data provide evidence that predator-based stress induces myocardial lesions and reprograming of cardiac gene expression. These changes may underlie the myocardial hypersensitivity to ischemia observed in these animals. This rat model may provide a useful tool for investigating the cardiac impact of PTSD and other forms of chronic psychological stress.Lay summaryChronic predator stress induces the formation of myocardial lesions characterized by necrosis, collagen deposition, and mononuclear cell infiltration. This is accompanied by changes in gene expression and histology that are indicative of cardiac remodeling. These changes may underlie the increased risk of arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and other cardiac pathologies in people who have PTSD or other forms of chronic stress.
Cross-Platform Analysis of Seller Performance and Churn for Ecommerce Using Artificial Intelligence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Suppliers and sellers play a crucial role in the ecommerce ecosystem. Sellers and ecommerce firms use social media to increase user engagement, visibility, and sales. Seller ratings are as important as the product ratings on ecommerce platforms to drive buying decisions. Based on sellers' actions on social media, this study examines seller turnover and disengagement on e-commerce platforms. The study has been supported by the justice theory. Seller reviews and ratings from e-commerce platforms and conversations from social media platforms have been gathered. Using natural language processing, machine learning, partial least squares (PLS) path analysis, and statistical inferences, objectives of the study are met. The study offers recommendations for both practitioners and researchers. The sellers must focus more on interaction and communication than marketing. Through a longitudinal analysis, the study also establishes that ecommerce organizations can use seller social media performance as a predictor of future seller churn and disengagement so they can take the necessary remedial action.
Understanding Diagnosis and Management of Psoriasis from Pages of History to Modern Era

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Objective To provide a current and informative description of psoriasis diagnosis and treatment from historical accounts to the present day. Methodology From the study's commencement until March 1, 2022, data were gathered from Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. The primary focus was on searching for pertinent meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis. Results and Conclusion Psoriasis is a long-term inflammatory disease affecting multiple systems, mostly affecting the skin and joints. The disease is recognized from ancient times. It may affect social functioning and interpersonal relationships of patients. Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease that has several co-morbidities. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and a skin biopsy is seldom required. Depending on the severity of disease, appropriate treatment can be initiated including topical treatments like corticosteroids, topical retinoids, salicylic acid; phototherapy including UVB, PUVA along with systemic medications like oral retinoids, methotrexate, cyclosporine. Biologic Therapies are required for treatment for some patients who do not respond to above treatment. Systemic immunomodulatory drugs like Apremilast and JAK Inhibitors are also used. For most of the cases combined therapy along with life style modifications give promising results.
Diffusion-Induced Chaos in Reaction Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A turbulent state in a distributed chemical reaction system is studied theoretically. The chaotic behavior here is basically due to the unstable growth of a spatial inhomogeneity taking place in an oscillating medium. It is argued that phase turbulence and amplitude turbulence have to be discriminated from each other according to their distinct origins. Two prototype equations describing respective types of turbulence are derived by means of some asymptotic methods, and their solutions turn out toe exhibit successive bifurcations. It is found that the phase turbulence arises essentially from the interaction among a few unstable phase modes, while the amplitude turbulence may well appear in the presence of only one unstable mode with is a mixed mode of the phase and amplitude. In particular, some similarity of the amplitude turbulence to the Lorenz chaos is pointed out. Throughout the present paper, the chaotic behavior is discucssed in connection with spatial pattern, so that no discrete approximations, such as a box-model or mode-truncation, are employed.
Surveillance on Adverse Events Following Measles Supplementary Immunization Activities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To monitor and analyze the adverse events following measles supplementary immunization activities(SIAs). Methods The adverse events following SIAs in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010 were surveyed and analyzed. Results Totally 220 cases of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) were reported,including 189 cases with general reactions,30 cases with vaccine abnormal reactions,and 1 coincident case.Meanwhile,160 cases of reactions were reported in 24 hours,and 50% cases with abnormal reactions were rash. Conclusions Measles attenuated live vaccine is safe and valid during the period of SIAs.The abnormal reaction incidence is low,and these reactions can be relieved easily.
Long-term effectiveness of SBIRT by outreach visits on subsequent alcohol treatment utilization among inpatients from general hospital: a 36-months follow-up

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To investigate the long-term effect of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) on alcohol treatment utilization among general hospital inpatients. This 36-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial included general hospital inpatients who were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Patients with an AUDIT score of 8+ were included. Patients were randomized to either SBIRT (Relay) or treatment as-usual (TAU). Outcome was attendance at a specialized outpatient treatment institution or prescription of pharmacological alcohol treatment in general practice. Using the Danish Civil Registration System, patients were followed in the Danish National Patient Registry, Danish National Alcohol Treatment Register, and the Danish National Prescription Registry. Data was collected up to 36 months after discharge. The study population consisted of 258 patients in the Relay group and 303 patients in the TAU group. In the Relay group, 36 (14.0%) patients received treatment versus 23 (7.6%) in the TAU group. Patients in the Relay group had higher odds for receiving treatment compared to the TAU group (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4, p = 0.01). Significantly more patients in the Relay group scored 16+ on the AUDIT and had already tried to change their alcohol consumption (both p < 0.01). Adjusted for potential confounders, the effect of the Relay intervention was reduced (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 0.7–2.5, p = 0.31). This study did not find evidence that SBIRT is better than TAU at sustaining significant long-term alcohol treatment utilization after discharge among inpatients from general hospital.
WE‐C‐I‐609‐05: Temporal Radiographic Texture Analysis for the Detection of Periprosthetic Osteolysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We have been investigating temporal radiographic texture analysis (RTA) as a method to help detect the disease periprosthetic osteolysis associated with total hip arthroplasties. This disease is a common but difficult to detect long‐term complication for total hip replacement patients. It typically goes unnoticed on radiographs until at least seven years after the operation. The goal of our research is to assess the ability of temporal RTA to detect osteolysis before it is visible radiographically. Method and Materials: We obtained digitized pelvis radiographs from 84 total hip replacement cases from the Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute. Each case included a baseline image taken shortly after surgery and follow‐up images taken at various time intervals. The cases were assessed for osteolysis by an orthopaedic surgeon and regions of interest (ROIs) were selected within the osteolytic region (or a comparable region for normal cases) on the final image of each case. These ROIs were then visually matched on all previous images. Fourier‐based, fractal‐based and correlation‐based features were calculated for each ROI. To measure temporal trends in feature values, we calculated the slope of the least squares fitted line for each case using data through five year and nine year time ranges, respectively. Temporal feature performance was examined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Forty‐four cases were determined to have osteolysis while forty were normal. A z values from ROC curves ranged from 0.6 to 0.75 for the task of distinguishing between osteolysis and normal cases for both time ranges. Conclusion: Temporal RTA appears to have the potential to help detect periprosthetic osteolysis before visual radiographic appearance of the disease. More development of temporal RTA and analysis with a larger patient database is therefore warranted. Conflict of Interest: M.L.G. is a shareholder in R2 Technology, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA).
Multifrequency observations of the BL Lacertae objects OQ 530 and ON 325

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (24) References (27) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Multifrequency observations of the BL Lacertae objects OQ 530 and ON 325. Worrall, D. M. ; Puschell, J. J. ; Bruhweiler, F. C. ; Sitko, M. L. ; Stein, W. A. ; Aller, M. F. ; Aller, H. D. ; Hodge, P. E. ; Rudy, R. J. ; Miller, H. R. ; Wisniewski, W. Z. ; Cordova, F. A. ; Mason, K. O. Abstract Spectral measurements of the two BL Lac objects OQ 530 and ON 325 are presented. The measurements were taken at frequencies ranging from radio to ultraviolet. Both sources show spectral curvature between the infrared and ultraviolet frequencies. The intensity and spectral shape of OQ 530 vary, but the spectral shape of ON 325 appears to remain constant during intensity variability. A nonthermal theoretical model of jet emission is developed which incorporates both the spectral and time variability data. The model predicts that ON 325 radiates at X-ray frequencies with Compton radiation dominating over synchrotron emission. The angular size of the jet emission is predicted to be less than 0.1 milli-arcsec at high radio frequencies. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: September 1984 DOI: 10.1086/162433 Bibcode: 1984ApJ...284..512W Keywords: Astronomical Spectroscopy; Bl Lacertae Objects; Radiation Sources; Compton Effect; Infrared Spectra; Iue; Radio Spectra; Synchrotron Radiation; X Ray Spectra; Astrophysics full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (3) NED (2) MAST (1)
The Word Order in Saravi Dialect and Spoken Persian Language: A Typological Comparative Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is a comparative study of the typological parameters of contemporary spoken Persian language and Saravi, a main dialect of the Mazandarani language, using some Greenbergian universals as its theoretical framework in word order correlations. The study aims to determine the common parameters and the variations of specific syntactic constituents among the systems studied here. On this basis it investigates the unmarked word order in declarations, as well as preparing a systematic comparison of phrasal genitive and adjective structures in the systems under investigation, along with examining their self and possessive pronominal orders. Together with revealing the use of differential orderings within the systems in these respects throughout the paper, the findings uphold Greenberg's language universals as a useful tool in classifying language types as well as specifying the variations of the syntactic constituents.
A Guide for New Program Committee Members at Theoretical Computer Science Conferences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In theoretical computer science, conferences play an important role in the scientific process. The decisions whether to accept or reject articles is taken by the program committee (PC) members. Serving on a PC for the first time can be a daunting experience. This guide will help new program-committee members to understand how the system works, and provide useful tips and guidelines. It discusses every phase of the paper-selection process, and the tasks associated to it.