jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Challenging the Myths and Stating the Facts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A large number of advertisements, editorials and commentaries in newspapers or on the Internet have been posted to inform the public of the alleged ills of homosexuality. The majority of these arguments have attempted to equate HIV infection, anal sex, and anal diseases with homosexuality in an attempt to stigmatize the gay community and oppose the court’s ruling and SOD legislation. In view of such discriminatory actions, it is important that the myths be corrected and be replaced by facts that are unbiased and empirically based. Unless the misleading information can be pointed out, the mental, spiritual, and psychological health of both sexual minorities AND the community-at-large can indeed be damaged.
Cost implications of the e-supply chain in the auto industry: results from a simple model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper discusses how the ability of the automotive supply chain to exchange information and goods affects cost, comparing a traditional supply configuration to an e-supply chain, with information sharing over the internet. It proposes a simple model to replicate the functioning and cost structure of the supply chain, focusing the analysis on potential inventory reductions that may emerge from timely and accurate information on demand and supply. The results show that although the adoption of the internet may lead to a significant reduction in inventory cost in the supply chain upward from the retailers, the dispersion of the retail base severely limits any gains at this level. To fully leverage information access in terms of reductions in retail inventory requires concentration in distribution. The study also concludes that the internet can bring substantial gains in service levels, which will be able to improve at all levels of the chain, even if no changes in the distribution strategy are made. A final aspect highlighted is that greater physical proximity among the several stages of the chain has limited impact in the overall cost improvements in an internet-driven supply chain.
Revision total hip arthroplasty using a Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device and allogeneic structural bone graft

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: One of the major problems in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is severe acetabular bone loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of revision THA using a Kerboull-type reinforcement device (KT plate) and allogeneic structural bone graft. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 48 hips that underwent revision THA using a KT plate and allogeneic structural bone graft between 2008 and 2016, with a median follow-up of 6.2 years (range 3–12.6 years). Functional outcome was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score. Postoperative and follow-up radiographs were compared to assess migration and breakage of the implant. Results: The mean JOA hip score improved from 45.6 (±16.3) points before surgery to 72.1 (±11.9) points at the most recent follow-up examination ( p < 0.001). Two hips (4.2%) underwent re-revision THA because of cup loosening due to breakage of the KT plate. A total of 13 hips (27.1%) were classified as radiological failures. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that a Kawanabe classification of stage 4, which indicates massive bone defects in the weight-bearing area, was a risk factor for radiological failure (odds ratio: 4.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–26.35). Conclusions: A KT plate with an allogeneic structural bone graft is a useful method of acetabular reconstruction in revision THA that restores bone stock and improves hip function. Our findings indicated that a Kawanabe classification of stage 4 was a risk factor for radiological failure of the implant.
Bursting properties of caudal neurosecretory cells in the flounder Platichthys flesus, in vitro

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Bursting activity in type 1 Dahlgren cells was studied using intra- and extracellular recording from an in vitro preparation of the caudal neurosecretory system of the euryhaline flounder. 45% of cells showed spontaneous bursts of approximately 120s duration and 380s cycle period. Similar bursts were triggered by short duration (&lt;5s) depolarising or hyperpolarising pulses. Cells displayed a characteristic depolarising after potential, following either an action potential with associated afterhyperpolarisation, or a hyperpolarising current pulse. This depolarising after potential was related to a ‘sag’ potential, which developed during the hyperpolarising pulse. Both the depolarising after potential and the sag potential occurred only in cells at more depolarised (&lt;60mV) holding potentials. In addition, the amplitude of the depolarising after potential was dependent on the amplitude and the duration of the hyperpolarising pulse. The depolarising after potential following action potentials may provide a mechanism for facilitating repetitive firing during a burst. Extracellular recording revealed similar bursting in individual units which was not, however, synchronised between units. Spontaneous bursting activity recorded both intra- and extracellularly was inhibited by application of a known neuromodulator of the system, 5-hydroxytryptamine. This study provides a basis for investigating the relationship between physiological status, Dahlgren cell activity and neuropeptide secretion.
Being my true self: An existential phenomenological inquiry into how transition influences identity in trans men

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The number of trans people presenting for referral to Gender Identity Clinics has increased in recent years, with wait times standing at up to four years from the point of referral. Options for those waiting to be seen, who may also be experiencing mental distress, gender dysphoria and related anxiety and depression, include self-medication and counselling. There has been little research into the lived experience of trans male gender transition, specifically in the area of identity and the self. This research investigated how transition influences identity in trans men. Van Manen’s phenomenological hermeneutic methodology was chosen, and four participants recruited. Five themes were identified, revealing pre-transition experiences of dissonance, invisibility, self-hate and distress, as participants’ innate sense of identity was gradually subsumed by external expectations to conform to gender binary norms. In all cases, participants reached a point of crisis where hiding their true selves became no longer possible. Through transition, participants achieved alignment with their authentic selves, slowly integrating all aspects of identity; the inner, the physical and the social.
Reflections on the Jewry Oath in the Middle Ages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Jewry Oath ( juramentum Judaeorum, Judeneid ) was the judicial oath demanded from Jews involved in legal litigation when summoned to appear in a Christian court both as plaintiffs and defendants. The special formulae which were created for the Jews, who could not use the Christian formulae, usually included two parts: a ceremony and a verbal part. The ceremony could be long and elaborate, but was usually short and simple. The swearing Jew was asked to lay his right hand on a scroll of the Torah, the Pentateuch, or from the later thirteenth century, though more rarely, even on the Talmud. Sometimes more specific instructions were given, and the hand had to be laid on the page of the Ten Commandments, or even specifically on the commandment prohibiting the taking of the name of the Lord in vain (Exodus 20. 7). The verbal part included an invocation of God, a judicial declaration regarding the nature of the obligation corroborated by the oath, and a list of maledictions which would be inflicted in the case of perjury. The oath itself could be taken in a synagogue or at its gate, but usually it was conducted in the court itself on a Jewish holy book kept there specially for that purpose.
Large Deﬂection of Elastic Beams under Impact by Rigid Particles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The structural response of a slender beam subjected to impact by several rigid particles is investigated. A higher-order shear deformation beam model and the von-Karman geometric measure are employed. The equations of motion, continuity conditions at the points of impact by particles, and geometric and natural boundary conditions for the beam are derived by means of Hamilton’s principle. The generalized differential quadrature and Newmark time integration methods are utilized to carry out the numerical solution of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations comprised of the equations of motion and stress resultants. The durations of contact, displacements, and stress resultants are obtained for beams with various types of boundary conditions.
High spectral efficiency multi-band radio over Fiber system for Next Generation Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Next Generation Networks (NGN) are based on the coexistence of heterogeneous systems delivering diverse services and assuring high data rates. Small cell systems (Pico-cells and femto-cells) based on Radio over Fiber (RoF) networks are a booming technology since they densify the network, burst the network capacities and increase the system throughputs. This paper investigates high spectral efficiency network based on RoF systems for small cell systems. We propose a multi-band (2.4 GHz, 5GHz and 60 GHz) and multi-service (WiFi, WiMax, high-speed services on millimeter band) RoF system with high spectral efficiency based on Optical Flat Comb Source (OFCS) and using the Optical Single Side Band (SSB) modulation. The proposed multi-band RoF system was simulated on OptiSystem software to demonstrate its feasibility and to evaluate the multi-service system performance.
The Prevention of Recurrent Cholesteatoma in CWU Surgery: The Use of Titanium Sheeting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Assessment of the outcomes of a technique of prevention of recurrent cholesteatoma in canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy, using titanium sheeting to repair the external auditory canal wall. Patients: Sixty four cholesteatoma cases were managed during a period from 2007 to 2015. The cases were unselected; the surgery was performed by the senior author. Cholesteatoma Patterns Were: Forty two attic, nine pars tensa, seven combined attic-pars tensa, three congenital, and three other. Primary surgery was undertaken in 33 cases. Interventions: All cases underwent CWU surgery that employed canal wall repair using fine titanium sheeting combined with overlying organic material to repair canal wall defects. Drum repairs employed cymba conchae cartilage-perichondrium composite grafts. Chain reconstruction used Spanner struts or Grace Alto PORPs or TORPS. Results: Two cases suffered mesotympanic residual disease, and three, mesotympanic recurrence one of which extended into the attic. Two other cases incurred atticomastoid residues. Transient myringitis occurred in three cases. Conclusion: The surgery was judged on its ability to avoid atticomastoid recurrence, and was regarded as highly successful. The titanium sheeting offers a relatively simple but effective technique. The mesotympanic complications are those also commonly found in both CWD and other CWU methods. As in other CWU procedures, the problems of the open cavity were avoided.
Comparison of tree-based ensemble models for regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When multiple classifications and regression trees are combined, tree-based ensemble models, such as random forest (RF) and Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), are produced.We compare the model structures and performances of various ensemble models for regression settings in this study.RF learns bootstrapped samples and selects a splitting variable from predictors gathered at each node.The BART model is specified as the sum of trees and is calculated using the Bayesian backfitting algorithm.Throughout the extensive simulation studies, the strengths and drawbacks of the two methods in the presence of missing data, high-dimensional data, or highly correlated data are investigated.In the presence of missing data, BART performs well in general, whereas RF provides adequate coverage.The BART outperforms in high dimensional, highly correlated data.However, in all of the scenarios considered, the RF has a shorter computation time.The performance of the two methods is also compared using two real data sets that represent the aforementioned situations, and the same conclusion is reached.
The story as a fulcrum of the dialogue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Part I, we saw that the early divisions concluded with a logos of statecraft given by a systematic division of theoretical expertise: the statesman was defined as the herdsman of the human herd (267a8–c4). Young Socrates was contented with that definition. But the Stranger faulted its completeness and adequacy (267c8–dI). Whereas other herdsmen, for example the cowherd, practised all the arts their herds required – feeding, medicine, matchmaking, midwifery, music – the human statesman is challenged by a competitor in each of these domains. Though the interlocutors had awarded him the title, his claim to it is not secure so long as the challenges of rivals go unanswered (267e1–268c10).
Development of an LC–MS/MS Assay for Quantification of intact INSL3 in Rat Plasma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Relatively large disulfide-linked polypeptides can serve as signaling molecules for a diverse array of biological processes and may be studied in animal models to investigate their function in vivo. The aim of this work was to develop an LC-MS/MS assay to measure a model peptide, INSL3, in rat plasma. Results: A dual enrichment strategy incorporating both protein precipitation and solid phase extraction was utilized to isolate INSL3 from rat plasma, followed by targeted LC-MS/MS detection. The method was able to measure full-length INSL3 (6.1 kDa) down to 0.2 ng/ml with acceptable accuracy and precision. Conclusion: The final assay was applied to support an exploratory pharmacokinetic study to evaluate steady-state concentrations of dosed INSL3 in rat plasma.
Association of N‐terminal domain polymorphisms of the porcine glucocorticoid receptor with carcass composition and meat quality traits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) is a ubiquitously acting transcription factor that is responsible for mediating the physiological response to stress and adaptation to environmental conditions. Genetic variation of a GR gene ( NR 3C1 ) may therefore contribute to multiple phenotypic alterations and influence relevant traits of animal production. Here, we examined effects of two non‐synonymous mutations of the porcine NR 3C1 , leading to amino acid exchanges p.Glu13Asp (c.39A>C) and p.Val19Leu (c.55G>C) in the N‐terminal domain of the GR , on meat quality and carcass composition. In addition, we explored their influence on transcriptional activity of GR in vitro . A commercial crossbreed Pietrain × (German Large White × German Landrace) herd ( n = 545) in which genotypes and relevant traits had been collected was used to perform the association analysis. The single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) c.55G>C was significantly associated with conductivity and meat color scores. These effects were highly consistent considering the physiological relationship between these traits. Association analysis of SNP c.39A>C also revealed significant effects on closely connected meat quality traits. In addition, SNP c.55G>C showed association with carcass traits, mainly those related to muscle deposition. The molecular mechanism of action of both amino acid substitutions remains obscure because neither showed significant influence on transcriptional activity of GR . Our study emphasizes NR 3C1 as an important candidate gene for muscle‐related traits in pigs, but further work is necessary to clarify the molecular background of the identified associations.
Developing habits of mind for an ethical and accountable songwriting praxis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In a co-taught course on songwriting, we identified a need to discuss the ethics of being a songwriter. Songwriters and songwriting educators must consider how to best address issues related to cultural appropriation and develop ethical and accountable responses in their creative works. This article forwards habits of mind songwriters and songwriting educators can use to develop intellectual practices to focus on cultural exchange and lean into the power dynamics that surface in creative work. Habits of mind include posing critical questions and engaging reflexivity, researching lineages of the musics practised by individual songwriters, considering how songwriters position themselves in their music, developing a disposition towards compensation and taking a stance of cultural humility. This article suggests methods to help aspiring songwriters take up hard questions about what it means to be creative in a world where cultural exploitation has too quickly become a way to find commercial success.
How to assist in emergency tracheal intubation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rationale and key pointsEmergency tracheal intubation has been widely advocated as a life-saving procedure in severe acute illness and injury, to secure the patient's airway and provide oxygenation and ventilation. This article explains the process and actions required to assist in undertaking safe and effective emergency intubation of a patient with a compromised airway or respiratory function.•The role of the healthcare practitioner assisting in emergency intubation is vital, because failure to ventilate and intubate the patient is life-threatening.•The healthcare practitioner assisting the intubator must have the knowledge to assemble and check the equipment required for intubation, and must be able to position the patient appropriately to optimise success.•The healthcare practitioner assisting in emergency intubation requires appropriate knowledge and skills for the procedure to be performed safely. They must have the psychomotor skills required to assist the intubator, which involves handing them the equipment and connecting it in a timely manner. They should also understand the airway adjuncts that can be used should any difficulties be encountered in achieving intubation.Reflective activity'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of:1.How this article has changed your practice when assisting in emergency tracheal intubation.2.How you could use this resource to educate colleagues on how to assist in emergency tracheal intubation.
Diffusion on PCA-UMAP Manifold: The Impact of Data Structure Preservation to Denoise High-Dimensional Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing biological research, yet it faces challenges such as inefficient transcript capture and noise. To address these challenges, methods like neighbor averaging or graph diffusion are used. These methods often rely on k-nearest neighbor graphs from low-dimensional manifolds. However, scRNA-seq data suffer from the ‘curse of dimensionality’, leading to the over-smoothing of data when using imputation methods. To overcome this, sc-PHENIX employs a PCA-UMAP diffusion method, which enhances the preservation of data structures and allows for a refined use of PCA dimensions and diffusion parameters (e.g., k-nearest neighbors, exponentiation of the Markov matrix) to minimize noise introduction. This approach enables a more accurate construction of the exponentiated Markov matrix (cell neighborhood graph), surpassing methods like MAGIC. sc-PHENIX significantly mitigates over-smoothing, as validated through various scRNA-seq datasets, demonstrating improved cell phenotype representation. Applied to a multicellular tumor spheroid dataset, sc-PHENIX identified known extreme phenotype states, showcasing its effectiveness. sc-PHENIX is open-source and available for use and modification.
Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The surgical treatment of rectal cancer has changed dramatically over the last several decades. While the standard of care for curative oncologic resection remains total mesorectal excision (TME), there has been significant evolution both in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies, as well as in surgical techniques, culminating with the introduction of laparoscopy in the 1990s. Relative to open surgery, laparoscopic TME has unequivocally improved short-term postoperative outcomes, yet, adoption has remained low and conversion rates high due to the technical complexity of these cases, particularly when performed low rectal tumors in obese male patients. Transanal TME (taTME), first described 10 years ago, utilizes a "bottom-up" approach to the distal rectum and mesorectum that overcomes some of the limitations of an abdominal approach by providing improved exposure of the TME planes through the use of adapted transanal endoscopic platforms. Proposed benefits of taTME include a lower rate of incomplete TME specimen grade, lower rates of positive resection margins, and lower conversion rates, as well as a higher rate of sphincter preservation for tumors located ≤5 cm from the anal verge. While published data on short-term outcomes of taTME cumulatively supports the proposed benefits of taTME, long-term oncological outcomes are still pending, but preliminary results demonstrate that when performed in carefully selected patients by surgeons with experience, taTME is safe with acceptable short-term oncologic and functional outcomes.
A Strategy to Improve the Learning of Political Culture with Debate Method in Vocational High School 1 Bekasi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted to form one part of national education and improve the culture of literacy among vocational students who are effective and efficient as well as to train intelligence and the ability to manage emotionally elegant so that it is expected to prepare future leaders. The purpose of this research is to examine the variables of political culture material with the method while the methodology of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) or Classroom Action Research. This class action research is a form of self-reflection carried out by researchers that are seen in the situation under study aimed at improving the quality of learning, as well as to improve the performance of the education system using a qualitative approach, the time of the implementation of this study was carried out for three months, namely in June - September 2017 and the results of the study concluded that in the early stages of the cycle the increase in student understanding reached 62.5% and considered sufficient to understand while the research in the final cycle, after the given direction, and ability, students showed the role of some students quite significant, reaching 22.5% of students so that the understanding of political culture debate reached 100%.