jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPREHENSIVE APPRAISAL OF TOURISM RESOURCES IN LINZHI COUNTY AND NEAR REGIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are plenty of tourism resources in Linzhi county and near regions, The value of natural and human landscapes is great obvious, especially, the integration of natural and human landscapes raised dramatically the value of tour in southeastern Tibet, or even overall the Tibet Autonomous Region. The paper appraises all tour resources in the region by qualitative and quantitative methods, The conclusion which is classified into the second_class tourism region is drawn out, at the same time, the paper puts forth the direction of developing utilizing and protecting tourism resources.The author thinks that the value of natural resources is prominent in particular in the fields of scientific investigation and adventure.No doubt that the value of natural tour resources can be classified into the first class if regardless standard of economy and infrastructure conditions. Therefore,The main orientation of developing tour resources in the region is to promote scientific investigation, adventure and study programmes development.But it is difficult for the region to develop common people market and industrialization of tour resources in near years.
Visibility, Contact and Market-Competence: Keys to the Inclusion of People With Intellectual Disabilities in the Lebanese Workplace

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience high unemployment due to external (stigma, parental overprotection and low expectations) and internal (learned helplessness) barriers. Although Lebanon was a pioneer among Arab countries in its legislative and social activism toward inclusion of disabled people, stigma persists and a benevolence model of disability still prevails. Aims: This article aims at identifying the needs of people with ID, and proposing directions for future work toward their inclusion in the Lebanese workplace, based on identified needs. Methodology: A literature search for articles on ID in Lebanon and national and regional reports on employment of people with ID over the past two decades was performed, excluding all documentation using unclear definitions of ID or focusing on mental illness. Findings: Analysis of the literature highlighted the need for more familiarity and contact with, for more visibility of, and more market-competent training for people with ID in Lebanon. Conclusions and implications: Prejudice and faulty conceptions of ID can be reduced by increasing visibility of people with ID through increased everyday life contact opportunities. Change is urged at the level of organisational sheltered training to provide a more market-competent training for ensuring proper job placement of people with ID in mainstream labour.
Genetic etiology of 283 Chinese individuals with epilepsy using copy number variation sequencing and whole exome sequencing: A single-center cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background The genetic etiology of epilepsy is highly heterogeneous and complex. Copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and whole exome sequencing (WES) have emerged as effective tools for identifying genetic causes in patients with unexplained epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the genetic etiology, evaluate the diagnostic utility of concurrent CNV-seq and WES, and provide evidence for precision medicine and genetic counseling. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 283 patients with unexplained epilepsy undergoing WES and 228 patients undergoing CNV-seq, with partial cohort overlap (n = 228). The diagnostic efficiency, its correlation with demographic information, and the clinical impacts of gene diagnostic results on clinical decision-making were assessed. Results A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 81 patients (28.6%). Among these, 67 (23.7%) had SNVs/Indels, 13 (4.6%) exhibited CNVs, and one (0.3%) displayed dual molecular findings of pathogenic SNV and CNV. The combined approach increased diagnostic yield to 30.7% (70/228) compared to standalone WES (27.9%, 79/283) or CNV-seq (6.1%, 14/228). Trio-based whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) demonstrated a higher diagnostic rate (33.3%, 7/21 vs. 27.5%, 72/262 proband-only WES). The predominant pathogenic genes identified were SCN1A (n = 14), PRRT2 (n = 5), GABRG2 (n = 4), and TSC1 (n = 4). Twenty-four novel SNVs/Indels were identified. Diagnostic yield correlated significantly with early seizure onset (<3 year: 41.5% vs. ≥3 year: 20.9%; p = 2.057 × 10-4) and the presence of other comorbidities (45.8% vs. 19.8%; p = 2.222 × 10-7). Genetic findings directly informed anti-seizure medication optimization in 42.0% (34/81) of diagnosed cases. Conclusions This dual sequencing approach enhances diagnostic yield in unexplained epilepsy, with trio-WES providing incremental yield. The strong genotype-phenotype correlations underscore the prognostic value of molecular diagnosis, while the 42% clinical utility rate highlights its translational relevance. Our findings expand the epilepsy mutational spectrum and enhance genetic understanding of epilepsy.
Footprint Catalysis. XI. Molecular Footprint Cavities Imprinted with Chiral Amines and Their Chiral Molecular Recognition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Chiral amines, (R)- and (S)-N-benzyl-α-methylbenzylamine, served as templates in a molecular imprinting we developed. They formed “molecular footprint” cavities on a silica (alumina) gel surface, which showed catalytic activities toward transacylation of benzoic anhydride. The catalyses were susceptible to enantioselective inhibitions by the rebinding of the chiral template amines. This finding proved that the cavities could show chiral recognition through their chirally marked cavity structures.
A 4-Tiered Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Based on Left Ventricular Geometry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is traditionally classified as concentric or eccentric, based on the ratio of LV wall thickness to chamber dimension. We propose a 4-tiered LVH classification based on LV concentricity 0.67 (mass/end-diastolic volume 0.67 ) and indexed LV end-diastolic volume (EDV). Methods and Results— Cardiac MRI was performed in 2803 subjects and LVH (n=895) was defined by increased LV mass/height 2.7 . Increased concentricity 0.67 and indexed EDV were defined at the 97.5th percentile of a healthy subpopulation. Four geometric patterns resulted: increased concentricity without increased EDV (“thick hypertrophy,” n=361); increased EDV without increased concentricity (“dilated hypertrophy,” n=53); increased concentricity with increased EDV (“both thick and dilated hypertrophy,” n=13); and neither increased concentricity nor increased EDV (“indeterminate hypertrophy,” n=468). Compared with subjects with isolated thick hypertrophy, those with both thick and dilated hypertrophy had a lower LV ejection fraction and higher NT-pro-BNP and BNP levels ( P ≤0.001 for all). Subjects with dilated hypertrophy had a lower LV ejection fraction and higher troponin T, NT-pro-BNP, and BNP levels versus those with indeterminate hypertrophy ( P <0.001 for all). Subjects with indeterminate LVH versus those without LVH had increased LV mass (by definition) but also a higher LV ejection fraction and no increase in troponin or natriuretic peptide levels. Conclusions— Concentric or eccentric LVH can each be subclassified into 2 subgroups, yielding 4 distinct geometric patterns. Many subjects currently classified with eccentric LVH can be reclassified into an indeterminate subgroup that has better LV function and comparable levels of biomarkers reflecting cardiac stress as compared with those without LVH.
DISCUSSION ON THE CONFLICT AND BLEND OF TOURISM AREA AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL TOURISM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Regional tourism is to develop tourism areas systematically,which sets out from nature,economic,society,transportation and other conditions.The development of regional tourism needs to blend the administrative region and tourism area among regions.This kind of blend is not to put different parts simply or mechanically,but to reform inner operation institution.There are some essential differences existing between tourism area and administrative region,such as the aim and method of territorial partition.The formation of tourism area is the result of comprehensive function of different factors,including nature,person and market.While the formation of administrative region is mostly because of the result of national behavior,considering more about the convenience of administrative management and regional rule.The differences lead to operational and managerial conflicts during the development of regional tourism.The conflicts between administrative region and tourism area result from the stability of administrative region and dynamic development of tourism area,the closeness of administrative region and openness of tourism area,the power of administration and the power of tourism market.Also,the conflicts between administrative region and tourism area have resulted in some negative impacts,they are,the partition of tourism resources,unbalance of tourism resources protection and exploration,lack of overall tourism experience,increment of tourism development cost,and repetition construction of tourism areas.In order to eliminate the conflicts and the negative impacts between them,the government of different regions should take some methods,such as making the territorial partition of administrative region and tourism area more consistently,adjusting the administrative region appropriately during the development of tourism industry and strengthening the cooperation of tourism industry among regions.The most important thing is to construct benefit distribution system properly in order to realize the blend of tourism area and administrative regions.
Hepatitis B vaccination in Ramathibodi health personnel 1986-1987.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hevac-B-Pasteur 5 mcg, H-B-Vax I 20 mcg, and Engerix B 20 mcg, were given to 23, 34, 15 health personnel in Ramathibodi hospital. The seroconversion rate for Pasteur vaccine was 85 per cent compared to 95 per cent for the other two groups. Adverse reactions were few and transient.
Residual Cystine Transport Activity for Specific Infantile and Juvenile CTNS Mutations in a PTEC-Based Addback Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cystinosis is a rare, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene CTNS, leading to cystine accumulation in the lysosomes. While cysteamine lowers the cystine levels, it does not cure the disease, suggesting that CTNS exerts additional functions besides cystine transport. This study investigated the impact of infantile and juvenile CTNS mutations with discrepant genotype/phenotype correlations on CTNS expression, and subcellular localisation and function in clinically relevant cystinosis cell models to better understand the link between genotype and CTNS function. Using CTNS-depleted proximal tubule epithelial cells and patient-derived fibroblasts, we expressed a selection of CTNSmutants under various promoters. EF1a-driven expression led to substantial overexpression, resulting in CTNS protein levels that localised to the lysosomal compartment. All CTNSmutants tested also reversed cystine accumulation, indicating that CTNSmutants still exert transport activity, possibly due to the overexpression conditions. Surprisingly, even CTNSmutants expression driven by the less potent CTNS and EFS promoters reversed the cystine accumulation, contrary to the CTNSG339R missense mutant. Taken together, our findings shed new light on CTNS mutations, highlighting the need for robust assessment methodologies in clinically relevant cellular models and thus paving the way for better stratification of cystinosis patients, and advocating for the development of more personalized therapy.
Plant- versus microbial signature in densimetric fractions of mediterranean forest soils: a study by thermochemolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil organic matter (SOM) ageing may be measured by means of molecular signatures, ratios between organic compounds which inform us about the origin and/or the degree of biochemical evolution of (or microbial contribution to) specific groups of compounds: lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. Owing to the biochemical heterogeneity of decomposing substrates, it is unlikely that the degree of biochemical evolution can be approached with a single ratio. Nevertheless, obtaining a wide collection of molecular signatures can be costly. Instead of applying specific methods to obtain a collection of ratios, we apply thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM), followed by GC-MS, to obtain a panoramic view of SOM composition. From the compounds identified after THM, several ratios were obtained. Three ratios are based on aliphatic compounds: (1) ratio between short-chain (≤ 20 C) and long-chain (> 20 C) alkanoic acids, (2) ratio between branched and long-chain alkanoic acids, (3) ratio between short-chain (C18) and long-chain (C22–C24) alkanols. Four ratios are based on lignin-derived monomers: (4) vanillic acid to vanillin, (5) syringic acid to syringaldehyde, (6) a combination of the two previous, and (7) the syringyl- to total lignin monomers. Finally, three ratios are based on sugar composition: (8) fucose to glucose, (9) xylose to glucose, and (10) fucose to xylose. These ratios were applied to the study of several densimetric fractions from three organic OH horizons from Mediterranean forest soils. The fractionation gave a free-light fraction (LF), of density   2.0. The three lightest fractions (LF, OC1, and OC2) seem the least microbially reworked, whereas the denser fractions, OC3 and DF, seem the most evolved ones. Nevertheless, this is valid only as an average result, for no single fraction is made of fresh compounds only, or of highly evolved compounds only, either. The behaviour of the several ratios was inconsistent because some behave in ways opposite to the expected ones. All fractions show signs of both advanced biochemical evolution and preservation of fresh, plant-derived labile compounds. This, added to the inconsistent behaviour of many signatures, suggests that our views about the biochemical evolution of plant debris during their decomposition and humification are probably too simple.
Luminescence-Color-Changing Sensing toward Melamine Based on a White-Light-Emitting Film

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Isostructural lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln(d-DBTA)(d-HDBTA)(H2O)5]n (Ln-d-DBTA; d-H2DBTA = d-O,O′-dibenzoyl tartaric acid; Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, and Tb), are synthesized and characterized. By uniformly doping this amphophilic Ln-d-DBTA into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix, we prepare stable films with tunable luminescence color, even white-light emission. Except for providing the blue-light component, the PMMA matrix plays indispensable roles in dispersing the 1D LnCPs via hydrogen bonds, transferring electrons to organic ligands by means of photoinduced electron transfer, and further sensitizing the luminescence of lanthanide ions. Then, a bifunctional sensing process toward melamine in various dairy products is conducted in terms of luminescent intensity and color. Consequently, the as-prepared white-light-emitting film exhibits 0.012 mg/kg limit of detection and obvious luminescence-color changes from white to blue. The excellent sensitivity, reliability, selectivity, stability, competitiveness, and recyclability state the promising practicality in monitoring quality of dairy products. In this work, using a battery of experimental techniques and theoretical calculation, we show how the PMMA matrix connects the LnCPs and promotes their photophysical properties, what changes have taken place for the energy- and electron-transfer pathways of the as-prepared chemosensor after adsorbing melamine, and why this convenient testing material is applicable.
Food Security Implications of Staple Food Substitution in Sahelian West Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Low-income households in Sahelian West Africa face multiple shocks that risk compressing their already-low food consumption levels. This paper develops a multi-market simulation model to evaluate the impact of common production and world-price shocks on food consumption of vulnerable groups in Sahelian West Africa. Empirical analysis confirms that poor households bear the brunt of ensuing consumption risks, particularly in closed markets, where trade barriers restrict imports, and the poor find themselves in a bidding war with richer consumers for limited food supplies.
Creating meaning from loss: A museum-based group art therapy program design for adolescents who have lost a caregiver

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Grief is a universal experience that can result from variety of losses throughout one’s life (Rogers, 2007). Losing a primary caregiver during adolescence, a critical developmental period between the ages of 10-19 years of age (World Health Organization, 2020), can be a difficult and life-changing experience. Through the unfolding of the grief process, the adolescent will also be experiencing significant cognitive, social and physical changes, as well as being faced with the developmental task of individuation and the formation of identity (Balk & Corr, 2009). Museum art therapy is an innovative development in public practice of art therapy, providing an novel opportunity to meaningfully engage with the collection and space in the therapeutic process (Henry et al., 2019; Treadon et al., 2006). Through bridging cultural spaces and art therapy, this model is centered on the belief that mental health and well-being are innately connected to building meaningful connections in a social and environmental context (Timm-Bottos, 2017). This research paper will address the question: how can weekly group art therapy in an art museum context support adolescents who have lost a caregiver in creating meaning from loss? The proposed 8-week intervention program design will integrate current narrative bereavement theories of the Meaning-Reconstruction Model (Neimeyer, 1998) and the Dual Process Model of Grief (Stroebe & Schut, 1999) to the therapeutic potential of the museum collection and space.
Pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms from the vascular surgeon perspective – knowledge summary

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) affect 2.4% of the population, with men being five times more likely to be affected than women. The development of AAA is linked to changes in the elastin and vascular wall collagen. The enzymes that damage the cell wall are called metalloproteinases. AAA forms as a result of damage to elastic fibres and the loss of the property of reversible deformation of the aortic wall. The degradation of elastin and other stem proteins in the aortic wall is caused by metalloproteinases and serine proteases, accompanied by cysteine proteases and asparagine proteases. Increased calprotectin levels are observed in AAA patients in comparison to patients with a healthy aorta. A significant role in the pathogenesis of AAA and its rupture is played by inflammatory response cells; proteases of the tissue plasma coagulation and fibrinolysis. Plasminogen activator and plasmin accelerate the degradation of the aortic wall. Microbial involvement of C. pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, CMV, and HIV is considered in this inflammatory reaction. The local activation of platelets and the plasma coagulation system leads to the formation of a mural thrombus filling the lumen of the aneurysm. The mural thrombus shows a high tissue factor (TF) activity. The formation of AAA is conditioned by a combination of multiple factors. The factors impacting the formation of AAA discovered so far include genetic factors, sex, age, lifestyle (abuse of alcohol, tobacco misuse, obesity, stress), health conditions (hypertension, high cholesterol level, atherosclerosis), and infectious factors: bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
Biogeographical patterns in the fauna associated with southern African mussel beds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Macrofauna communities colonizing intertidal mussel beds were sampled at seven sites between Swakopmund (Namibia) and Salt Rock (KwaZulu-Natal). Mean mussel cover, length, biomass and bed depth were all low in the southeast (former Transkei). Faunal abundance and biomass were minimal along the south coast, increasing up both west and east coasts. Species diversity and richness showed the reverse trends, peaking at south coast sites and dropping off to the west and east. Multivariate analysis grouped the faunal communities into four distinct clusters, corresponding to the recognized Namib, Namaqua, Agulhas and Natal biogeographical provinces. The low mussel biomass and cover in the Eastern Cape can be attributed to intense human exploitation, but the low faunal abundance and biomass along the south coast was unexpected, as was the negative correlation between faunal abundance and diversity. Over recent decades intense exploitation has resulted in marked declines in mussel cover along the east coast, while the M. galloprovincialis invasion has resulted in dramatic increases in mussel cover to the west. The results given here indicate how these changes might have affected the wider intertidal communities in these regions.
Financial vulnerability and financial literacy in Paraguay: the need of a transversal approach of public policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper aimed at studying the main determinants of financial inclusion and financial vulnerability of Paraguayan households. Using a Financial Capabilities Survey in Paraguay we performed a synthetic instrumental variables methodology that indicates that financial literacy is an important determinant of financial inclusion and financial resilience in this country. The results enhance the development of financial education programs that consider personality traits and economic preferences of individuals. The individual characteristics that explain financial inclusion and financial vulnerability in this country are also related to socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our main conclusion is that the most successful interventions to alleviate financial vulnerability are those that integrate transversally financial inclusion and financial education programs with social programs aimed at reducing labor, education, and economic vulnerabilities in this country. JEL Classification: G50, G51, G53, G41, J16.
The Family and Women in an Ageing Society: the Philippine Situation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Philippines, ageing is a low priority issue for government. This increases the need for the elderly to rely on female family members for support. Children incur a debt of gratitude (utang na loob) to their parents which is expected to be fulfilled in old age. The patterns of support are explored in detail using evidence from 18 focus groups conducted by the author throughout the Philippines. Families in the Philippines are changing with women marrying later and having lower fertility. Coupled with increasing work opportunities, these changes create new challenges for family support for the aged.