jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A CASE OF NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME: A NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCY DUE TO PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives:To present a scientific poster discussing one case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) in an outpatient with Residual Schizophrenia (RS).Background:NMS is an infrequent yet life threatening condition characterized by delirium, muscular rigidity, fever and autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Generally, itu2019s caused by dopamine receptor-antagonist therapeutic agents or in the set of rapid withdrawal of dopaminergic medications.Materials and Methods:A clinical case is presented. A bibliographic search was conducted using the search engine Pubmedu00ae and the keywords: u201cNeuroleptic Malignant Syndromeu201d.Results and Conclusions:A 37 years old man with a diagnosis of RS on typical and atypical anti-psychotics, was admitted in the emergency room with impaired mental status and behavioral changes. 5 days prior to presentation, he had been exposed to an overdose with anti-psychotics. No clinical evidence of alcohol and drug abuse. A battery of biochemical exams was performed and Central Nervous System infection was ruled out. Due to fast setting of the disorder, fever, muscle rigidity and altered mental status, it was assumed to be a NMS in the context of psychotropic toxicity.When early recognized, NMS is usually not fatal and the majority of patients will recover completely between 2 to 14 days. Treatment is individualized and based on the clinical presentation. The first step implies cessation of the offending psychotropic agent. In most cases, besides hyperthermia management, conservative treatment including aggressive hydration and metabolic abnormalities correction may be needed. Recurrence do occur, hence the importance of precautious reintroduction of antipsychotic treatment.
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of topical gel of 5-fluorouracil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Topical drug administration through the skin can be defined ‎ as the application of drug contains formulation directly to the skin for prophylactic, protective, ‎ or therapeutic purposes. 5-Fluorouracil is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of skin diseases such as ‎ actinic keratosis. The aim of this work was development a gel formulation of 5-FU using ‎ NaCMC and PVA as a gelling agent. Six formulations (F1-F6) were prepared using different concentrations of NaCMC a
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from CDK4/6 Therapeutic Intervention and Viable Alternative to Taxanes in CRPC

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 1. The effects of G1T28 are due to CDK4/6 inhibition. Supplemental Figure 2. Analysis of pharmacodynamics endpoints indicates on-target activity in 22Rv1 tumors. A. Supplemental Figure 3. G1T38 and G128 have similar in vitro efficacy. Supplemental Figure 4. G1T28 inhibits anti-androgen stimulated prostate cancer cell growth.</p>
Improvement of Transient Response in Signal Transformation Approach by Proper Compensator Initialization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this brief, the transient performance of the signal transformation approach (STA) is considerably enhanced by initializing the state vector of the compensator to appropriate values. For triangular reference tracking, it is shown that the proposed method is identical to the impulsive state multiplication (ISM) approach. Through simulations and experiments, we also show that the proposed method can be equally applied to improve the STA for arbitrarily shaped desired signals, where ISM is not applicable. Tracking efficacy of the proposed method compared with that of an ordinary feedback loop with a similar noise rejection performance is also demonstrated.
Multiple Sessions of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Improve Periodontal Outcomes in Patients with Down Syndrome: A 12-Month Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often present with severe periodontal disease at a young age. Adjuvant treatments to scaling and root planing (SRP), such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), may benefit this population. This study evaluated the effectiveness of aPDT as an adjunct to SRP in individuals with DS. A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial was conducted with 37 individuals with DS. Methods: The test group (aPDT; n = 18) received SRP + aPDT, while the control group (C group; n = 19) received SRP only. For aPDT, a red laser (658 nm; 0.1 W; 2229 J/cm²; 40s sweeping with optical fiber) combined with methylene blue (MB) (100 µg/ml) was applied across repeated sessions (on days 3, 7, and 14). Clinical parameters, such as plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using parametric and non-parametric tests (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Results: Both treatments promoted improvements in all clinical periodontal parameters (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The aPDT group showed a statistically significant reduction in CAL at 3 months (aPDT = 4.58 mm vs. C = 4.72 mm; p &amp;lt; 0.05) and 12 months (aPDT = 4.59 mm vs. C = 4.84 mm; p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: aPDT improved periodontal health in the long term through a stable gain in attachment.
Evaluation of the efficacy of electroacupuncture on pain and tolerance for unsedated colonoscopy: A study protocol for a prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Unsedated colonoscopy is an important method used for diagnosing colorectal cancer, but it can cause discomfort such as pain and bloating, as well as anxiety. At present, the relief is mainly achieved through methods such as changing positions and manual pressing, but the efficacy is limited. Hence alternative therapies for sedation and analgesia in unsedated colonoscopy warrant further study. Electroacupuncture (EA) can simplify the procedure of anesthesia and analgesia, while the efficacy of EA on unsedated colonoscopy remains unclear. Therefore, a well-designed randomized controlled trial is needed to demonstrate the potential efficacy of acupuncture in unsedated colonoscopy, particularly for pain relief. Methods: In this prospective randomized sham-controlled trial, 105 eligible participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either EA group (n = 35), sham EA group (n = 35), or control group (n = 35) in a 1:1:1 ratio. The EA group will receive acupuncture intervention on bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), and Shenmen (HT7), with LI4 and PC6 on both sides connected to the EA device. The sham EA group will received non transdermal needling on points of no meridian, and deliberately connect the needle to the incorrect output socket of EA device to block the stimulation. The needling will conducted from 30 min before the unsedated colonoscopy to the end of the colonoscopy, the whole retention time would be approximately 40 min. The participants in the control group will not receive any acupuncture intervention. All participants of the three groups will not receive any other treatment. Primary outcomes: Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) reported by participants and Face Pain Scale Revised (FPS-R) evaluated by observers of four areas of the participants during the unsedated colonoscopy. Secondary outcomes: tolerance reported by endoscopists, tolerance reported by participants, satisfaction reported by endoscopists, satisfaction reported by participants, adverse events during the unsedated colonoscopy, postoperative discomfort, unsedated colonoscopy smoothness (cecal insertion time, unwinding time, success rate of one-time intubation). Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses will be performed to assess the efficacy of EA. Discussion: The trial will explore the efficacy of relieving pain, improving tolerability, and reducing undesirable adverse events of EA for unsedated colonoscopy. The results of this trial will provide sound evidence for promoting the clinical application of EA for unsedated colonoscopy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2300069903, retrospectively registered on March 16, 2023.
A dynamic simulation framework for CT perfusion in stroke assessment built from first principles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Physicians utilize cerebral perfusion maps (e.g., cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, transit time) to prescribe the plan of care for stroke patients. Variability in scanning techniques and post‐processing software can result in differences between these perfusion maps. To determine which techniques are acceptable for clinical care, it is important to validate the accuracy and reproducibility of the perfusion maps. Validation using clinical data is challenging due to the lack of a gold standard to assess cerebral perfusion and the impracticality of scanning patients multiple times with different scanning techniques. In contrast, simulated data from a realistic digital phantom of the cerebral perfusion in acute stroke patients would enable studies to optimize and validate the scanning and post‐processing techniques. Methods We describe a complete framework to simulate CT perfusion studies for stroke assessment. We begin by expanding the XCAT brain phantom to enable spatially varying contrast agent dynamics and incorporate a realistic model of the dynamics in the cerebral vasculature derived from first principles. A dynamic CT simulator utilizes the time–concentration curves to define the contrast agent concentration in the object at each time point and generates CT perfusion images compatible with commercially available post‐processing software. We also generate ground truth perfusion maps to which the maps generated by post‐processing software can be compared. Results We demonstrate a dynamic CT perfusion study of a simulated patient with an ischemic stroke and the resulting perfusion maps generated by post‐processing software. We include a visual comparison between the computer‐generated perfusion maps and the ground truth perfusion maps. The framework is highly tunable; users can modify the perfusion properties (e.g., occlusion location, CBF, CBV, and MTT), scanner specifications (e.g., focal spot size and detector configuration), scanning protocol (e.g., kVp and mAs), and reconstruction parameters (e.g., slice thickness and reconstruction filter). Conclusions This framework provides realistic test data with the underlying ground truth that enables a robust assessment of CT perfusion techniques and post‐processing methods for stroke assessment.
SEMI-AUTOMATIC DERIVATION OF HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The mapping of the channel network plays a fundamental role in manifold landscape management issues, such as geo-hydrological risk analysis, legal matters related to land use, technical cartography and water resources management. Human activities in mountain regions results in a wide variety of environmental impacts. Human activities that influence runoff generation and drainage pattern have reflections in the context of hydro-geological hazard and water resources management. In some cases, channel network has been modified for drainage and irrigation purposes, in other the alteration of drainage patterns is due to the presence of man-made features, such as roads and new urbanized areas. The last 40 years have seen relevant changes in land use in mountain regions, with an important increase of urbanized areas and road network, and consequent modifications of the hydrographic network. Accordingly, an up-to-date detailed recognition of the channel network is needed for landscape management purposes. The availability of high-resolution digital terrain models (HR-DTMs) of regional coverage opens interesting prospects for the analysis and the definition of the channel network. These terrain models offer an unprecedented capability to interpret surface morphology and the related geomorphic and hydrological processes. Moreover, the availability of regional HR-DTMs is increasing, thanks to technological developments and decreasing costs of data acquisition and processing. In this study, we present our experience in the derivation of channel network from regional HR-DTM for an alpine region (Autonomous Province of Trento, Northern Italy), covering an area of 6500 km2. The derivation of the channel network is conducted via a geomorphometric approach. Moreover, we analyze the interaction between human activities and the channel network by comparing the channel network derived from the HR-DTM with field evidences collected during extensive field surveys.
Analysis of Controllability in Cyber–Physical Power Systems under a Novel Load-Capacity Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In cyber–physical power systems (CPPSs), system collapse can occur as a result of a failure in a particular component. In this paper, an approach is presented to build the load-capacity model of CPPSs using the concept of electrical betweenness and information entropy, which takes into account real-time node loads and the allocation of power and information flows within CPPSs. By introducing an innovative load redistribution strategy and comparing it with conventional load distribution strategies, the superior effectiveness of the proposed strategy in minimizing system failures and averting system collapses has been demonstrated. The controllability of the system after cascading failures under different coupling strategies and capacity parameters is investigated through the analysis of different information network topologies and network parameters. It was observed that CPPSs constructed using small-world networks, which couple high-degree nodes from the information network to high-betweenness nodes from the power grid, exhibit improved resilience. Furthermore, increasing the capacity parameter of the power network yields more favorable results compared to increasing the capacity parameter of the information network. In addition, our research results are validated using the IEEE 39-node system and the Chinese 132-node system.
Smallpox, Global Health, and U.S. Foreign Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bob H. Reinhardt’s The End of a Global Pox relates the history of the United States’ role in the global eradication of smallpox during the second half of the twentieth century. This compact account examines the biological, ecological, political, and cultural factors that shaped the choice of smallpox as a target for a dramatic global health initiative; the combined roles of cold war politics and 1960s American liberalism in convincing the Johnson administration to back smallpox eradication; the means by which U.S. health officials developed strategies and techniques through an ambitious smallpox vaccination program that spanned nearly twenty countries in west and central Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s; and the transition from the U.S.-sponsored African initiative to the World Health Organization’s global program that ultimately succeeded in eliminating an ancient scourge. The book’s final chapter addresses the post-cold war period, the debate over whether to destroy the remaining stocks of smallpox virus held in American and Russian research facilities, and the persistence of apocalyptic discourses about the potential return of smallpox, amid an era of sensationalism surrounding infectious diseases and the potential of bioterrorism.
Learning to Escape: Multi-mode Policy Learning for the Traveling Salesmen Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The traveling salesmen problem (TSP)-one of the most fundamental NP-hard problems in combinatorial optimization-has received considerable attention owing to its direct applicability to real-world routing. Recent studies on TSP have adopted a deep policy network to learn a stochastic acceptance rule. Despite its success in some cases, the structural and functional complexity of the deep policy networks makes it hard to explore the problem space while performing a local search at the same time. We found in our empirical analyses that searching processes are often stuck in the local region, leading to severe performance degradation. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel method for multi-mode policy learning. In the proposed method, a conventional exploration-exploitation scheme is reformulated as the problem of learning to escape from a local search area to induce exploration. We present a multi-mode Markov decision process, followed by policy and value design for local search and escaping modes. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of various baseline models, suggesting that the learned escaping policy allows the model to initiate a new local search in promising regions efficiently.
Quantitation of phospholipid analysis using P32 by a digital computer method in metabolic experiments on niemann‐pick disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Methods involving P 32 uptake into cell cultures, quantitative phospholipid analyses and computerized data analyses have been used to investigate the biochemical defect in Niemann‐Pick disease. The results of these analyses indicate a normal synthesis of sphingomyelin, which considering the threefold increase in total sphingomyelin, gives evidence for a decreased ability of cells to catabolize sphingomyelin in Niemann‐Pick disease. These methods are applicable to other lipid storage diseases.
Direct Conversion X-Ray Detectors with High Sensitivity at Low Dose Rate Based on All-Inorganic Lead-Free Perovskite Wafers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Just as lead-based perovskites that are hot in solar cell preparation, Bi-based perovskites have demonstrated excellent performance in direct X-ray detection, especially the Cs3Bi2I9 single crystals (SCs). However, compared with lead-halide perovskites, one challenge for the Cs3Bi2I9 SCs for X-ray detection application is that it is difficult to prepare large-sized and high-quality SCs. Therefore, how to get a large area with a high-quality wafer is also as important as Cs3Bi2I9 growth method research. Here, different anti-solvents are used for the preparation of poly-crystalline powder with the Antisolvents precipitation (A) method, as a control, High-energy ball milling (B) was also used to prepare poly-crystalline powders. The resultant two types of Cs3Bi2I9 wafer exhibit a micro-strain of 1.21 × 10-3, a resistivity of 5.13 × 108 Ω cm and a microstrain of 1.21 × 10-3, a resistivity of 2.21 × 109 Ω cm. As a result, an X-ray detector based on the high-quality Cs3Bi2I9 wafer exhibits excellent dose rate linearity, a sensitivity of 588 μC·Gyairs-1·cm-2 and a limit of detection (LoD) of 76 nGyair·s-1.
[The pepsinogen of the gastric mucosa in the red-cheeked suslik Citellus erythrogenys].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies have been made on the isozymic composition of pepsinogen (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and peptidase activity in gastric mucosa of the ground squirrel at various stages of hibernation. Eight pepsinogen isoforms were found in acid-producing zone of the mucosa, pyloric mucosa lacks first three of them, its peptidase activity being two times lower than in other parts of the stomach. During hibernation, no significant changes were found in fractional composition of pepsinogen, peptidase activity being decreased twofold only in the fundulus of the stomach, remaining practically constant in other parts of the latter. This finding indicates that the stomach is ready for the activity irrespectively of food uptake.
The relationship between overweight/obesity and oral health in children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of obesity and overweight on oral/dental health and blood biochemistry parameters in children. Eighty-seven children (29 boys and 58 girls) aged 1-18 presenting to in our pediatric clinic were included in the study. Methods The patient group consisted of overweight or obese children, and the control group of normal weight individuals. Pediatric patients were examined simultaneously by a pediatrician and a pediatric dentist. Oral/dental health examinations were performed by a pediatric dentist, and DMFT/dmft index, CPITN index and dental plaque calculations were made. In addition, daily tooth brushing habits were evaluated by questioning the time of the last dental examination. Oral and dental health examination findings and blood biochemistry parameters were compared between the two groups. Results Obesity/overweight was found to be associated with, the dental plaque index, DMFT/dmft index, and elevation in the blood biochemistry parameters CRP and PTH among the children in this study. Conclusion The observation of significant elevation in DMFT and dental plaque indices, and numbers of filled deciduous teeth showed that oral/dental health problems and dental decay may emerge more frequently in obesity/overweight children.
Study of the effect of sawteeth on fast ions and neutron emission in MAST using a neutron camera

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of the sawtooth instability on the confinement of fast ions on MAST, and the impact it has on the neutron emission, has been studied in detail using the TRANSP/NUBEAM codes coupled to a full orbit following code. The sawtooth models in TRANSP/NUBEAM indicate that, on MAST, passing and trapped fast ions are redistributed in approximately equal number and on a level that is consistent with the observations. It has not been possible to discriminate between the different sawtooth models since their predictions are all compatible with the neutron camera observations. Full orbit calculations of the fast ion motion have been used to estimate the characteristic time scales and energy thresholds that according to theoretical predictions govern the fast ions redistribution: no energy threshold for the redistribution for either passing and trapped fast ions was found. The characteristic times have, however, frequencies that are comparable with the frequencies of a m = 1, n = 1 perturbation and its harmonics with toroidal mode numbers , suggesting that on spherical tokamaks, in addition to the classical sawtooth-induced transport mechanisms of fast ions by attachment to the evolving perturbation and the associated E × B drift, a resonance mechanism between the m = 1 perturbation and the fast ions orbits might be at play.