jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional tomographic imaging using volume holography

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose the application of volume holography to four-dimensional (4-D) spatiospectral imaging. The proposed systems use materials and techniques developed for holographic data storage and interconnections to capture three-dimensional (3-D) spatial and one-dimensional (1-D) spectral information about a remote light source or scatterer. We analyze case studies of simple architectures using spherical-reference volume holograms as imaging elements in a fluorescence confocal microscope arrangement and demonstrate the equivalence of the holographic degeneracies with a slicing operation on the reconstructing incoherent source. We develop a general theoretical framework for the diffraction of random fields from volume holograms and show that the formulation can be used as an imaging design tool. Applications and future directions are also discussed.
Data from Gene Expression Profiles of Serous, Endometrioid, and Clear Cell Subtypes of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> The presence of similar histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian and endometrial cancers has long been noted, although the relevance of this finding to pathogenesis and clinical management is unclear. Despite similar clinical characteristics, histologic subtypes of cancers of the ovary and endometrium are treated according to organ of origin. This study compares the gene expression profiles of analogous histologic subtypes of cancers of the ovary and endometrium using the same genomic platform to determine the similarities and differences between these tumors.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Gene expression profiles of 75 cancers (endometrioid, serous, and clear cell) of the ovary and endometrium, five renal clear cell cancers, and seven normal epithelial brushings were determined using a 11,000-element cDNA array. All images were analyzed using BRB ArrayTools. Validation was done using real-time PCR on select genes and immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Comparison across endometrial and ovarian cancers and serous and endometrioid tumors showed expression patterns reflecting their organ of origin. Clear cell tumors, however, showed remarkably similar expression patterns regardless of their origin, even when compared with renal clear cell samples. A set of 43 genes was common to comparisons of each of the three histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer with normal ovarian surface epithelium.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The comparison of the gene expression profiles of endometrioid and serous subtypes of ovarian and endometrial cancer are largely unique to the combination of a particular subtype in a specific organ. In contrast, clear cell cancers show a remarkable similarity in gene expression profiles across organs (including kidney) and could not be statistically distinguished.</p></div>
The Nabarlek uranium deposit, Northern Territory, Australia; some petrologic and geochemical constraints on genesis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Nabarlek uranium deposit, Northern Territory, Australia, is confined to a shear zone in contorted and metasomatized early Proterozoic schists and occurs near an unconformity with overlying middle Proterozoic sandstone. Massive chlorite + or - sericite + or - hematite rocks, breccias, and intensely altered schists are characteristic of the ore zone, and at least three generations of chlorite have been recognized and described. The primary ore mineral assemblage is dominated by uraninite intergrown with chlorite. The orebody was sericitized at or after 920 m.y. ago, resulting in the widespread replacement and breakdown of chlorite, the formation of hematite, and the solution and redeposition of uraninite. Redox reactions involving iron and uranium are evident in sericitized rocks containing hematite and residual uraninite. High U/Th ratios in the ore zone suggest that uranium was transported to the site of deposition as a uranyl complex. Although no carbonaceous material occurs in the ore zone, isotopic data on minor carbonate associated with uraninite suggest that organic material was originally associated with the mineralization and indicate that these carbonates have evolved from the interaction of hydrothermal fluids with this material. Erosion of the middle Proterozoic cover rocks in the recent past has exposed themore » deposit to the effects of weathering.« less
Lower bounds on the rate-distortion function of LDGM codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the performance of low-density generator matrix (LDGM) codes for lossy source coding. We first develop a generic technique for deriving lower bounds on the effective rate-distortion functions of binary linear codes. This result provides a source coding analog of a classical result due to Gallager for channel coding over the binary symmetric channel. We illustrate this method for the ensemble of check-regular low- density generator matrix (LDGM) codes by deriving an explicit lower bound on its rate-distortion performance as a function of the check degree.
Msp22 shows heme-dependent peroxidase activity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>The specificity of the heme stain for Msp22 is demonstrated by staining of lysates from the wild type, and gene deletion mutant strains as well as the BBH18 strain transformed with pEMCJH04-KAN-Msp22. Hemoglobin (positive control), BSA (negative control). wt, wild type <i>M. catarrhalis</i> BBH18; wt c*, wild type <i>M. catarrhalis</i> BBH18 transformed with pEMCJH04-KAN-Msp22; msp22Δ, msp22 gene deletion mutant; msp22Δ c* msp22 gene deletion mutant transformed with pEMCJH04-KAN-Msp22. The position of Msp22 is marked with an arrow.</p>
The Diet of Indian Flying-Foxes ( Pteropus giganteus ) in Urban Habitats of Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We studied the diet of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) in Pakistan from March 2008 to February 2009 and found that the bats fed on 20 species belonging to 11 plant families. Of these, four families (Anacardiaceae, Bignonaceae, Malvaceae, and Sapotaceae) were identified from remnants of flower petals in food boluses while the remaining families (Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Ebenaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, and Sapindaceae) were identified from the seeds in the boluses and from guano samples. Plants in the family Moraceae (50.7%) comprised most of the bat's diet. Fruit of Ficus retusa (27.5%) and F. carica (23.0%) during winter, F. glomerata (30.9%) and F. religiosa (28.1%) during spring, Psidium guajava (19.6%), F. bengalensis (18.7%) and Diospyros peregrina (17.8%) during summer, and D. peregrina (71.9%) during autumn, were the most frequently identified items. The four seasonal diets varied significantly (χ2 = 435, d.f. = 18, P < 0.01). Results confirm that the ecological services rendered by P. giganteus, such as pollination and seed dispersal, outweigh its losses, such as damage to the ripe fruit. Hence, the species should not be regarded as a pest; rather efforts should be made to ensure its conservation.
Embedded Thermal Control for Spacecraft Subsystems Miniaturization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optimization of spacecraft size, weight and power (SWaP) resources is an explicit technical priority at Goddard Space Flight Center. Embedded Thermal Control Subsystems are a promising technology with many cross cutting NSAA, DoD and commercial applications: 1.) CubeSatSmallSat spacecraft architecture, 2.) high performance computing, 3.) On-board spacecraft electronics, 4.) Power electronics and RF arrays. The Embedded Thermal Control Subsystem technology development efforts focus on component, board and enclosure level devices that will ultimately include intelligent capabilities. The presentation will discuss electric, capillary and hybrid based hardware research and development efforts at Goddard Space Flight Center. The Embedded Thermal Control Subsystem development program consists of interrelated sub-initiatives, e.g., chip component level thermal control devices, self-sensing thermal management, advanced manufactured structures. This presentation includes technical status and progress on each of these investigations. Future sub-initiatives, technical milestones and program goals will be presented.
`The truth is alive'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kierkegaard argued that the scientific method was inappropriate for gaining an understanding of human experience; the natural science of the physical world and the social philosophy of the human condition must, he felt, be clearly differentiated if one hoped to take account of the richness, the inwardness and the individuality of human experience. This article takes Kierkegaard's stance against a certain kind of scientism as the starting point for a discussion of the nature of scientific knowledge and an elaboration on the place of the individual agent in the social-scientific accounting of that agent's behaviour. Aspects of Kierkegaard's argument are first introduced, followed by the pointing up of some of its more contemporary anthropological resonances. Criticisms of a Kierkegaardian position are next mooted, such as might be made from the `scientific' standpoints of Ernest Gellner and Karl Popper. From this triangulation the article offers some conclusions on the kind of truth sufficient for a personal anthropology of experience.
Community participation in improvements of environmental hygiene and sanitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The water and sanitation sector in Kabale district is one of the sectors through which Poverty Eradication is being implemented,\nparticularly through improved and sustainable water supply and sanitation. A study of the water and sanitation\npatterns of the district were conducted. These showed that poverty greatly limited good hygiene behaviour and improved\nsanitation and that without community involvement and participation towards ensuring improved and sustainable hygiene,\nvery little shall be achieved. This paper outlines the above process and draws appropriate conclusions.
A NEW APPROACH FOR THE CALCULATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING ON LATTICE STEEL STRUCTURES.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thewindforcesactingonthespacelatticestructures are determinedbyconsideringthesolidity ratio dictatedby ANSI/TIA-222-G (Steel AntennaTowers and AntennaSupportingStructures) technicalspecification. This governing methodology for the steady flow conditions was investigated for its applicability for unsteady flow conditions at marine environment. The relation between the solidity ratio and hydrodynamic forces was investigated by utilizing 5 models. The solidity ratio was identified as the ratio of the surface areas of wave ward structural members to the total surface area. ANSYS-Fluent software was used for evaluating the performances of models.Hydrodynamic wave forcesrepresentedbytheStoke?sSecondOrder wave theory. Morisonequationwasemployedtoobtain lateral wave forces. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm was used to determine the relation between hydrodynamic forces and various dimensionless parameters: solidity ratio (e),H/(gT2), d/(gT2), (zs/d), (t/T) and project area of sector (A). The performance of the evaluated ANN model indicated that, hydrodynamic forces can be obtained successfully by implementing the solidity ratio.
Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions Based on Multi-Modal Autoencoder

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Prediction of drug-target interactions (DTIs) plays a crucial role in various areas of drug development, such as drug reuse and identification of potential side effects of drugs. In recent years, although great progress has been made in DTIs prediction, the existing methods still have the problem of high sparsity of drug-target datasets. In this work, the multi-modal autoencoder is used to fuse the similarity networks of many different drugs (targets), so as to extract the low-dimensional feature vectors of drugs (targets), and input them into the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) and neural factorization machine (NFM) models proposed by our predecessor to calculate the drug-target interaction prediction score. In this regard, the method can also achieve accurate and robust predictions on the gold standard dataset.
LHD TESPEL #36208.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.
Production of Solvents by Clostridium acetobutylicum Cultures Maintained at Neutral pH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The formation of acetone and n -butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 8052 (ATCC 824) was monitored in batch culture at 35�C in a glucose (2% [wt/vol]) minimal medium maintained throughout at either pH 5.0 or 7.0. At pH 5, good solvent production was obtained in the unsupplemented medium, although addition of acetate plus butyrate (10 mM each) caused solvent production to be initiated at a lower biomass concentration. At pH 7, although a purely acidogenic fermentation was maintained in the unsupplemented medium, low concentrations of acetone and n -butanol were produced when the glucose content of the medium was increased (to 4% [wt/vol]). Substantial solvent concentrations were, however, obtained at pH 7 in the 2% glucose medium supplemented with high concentrations of acetate plus butyrate (100 mM each, supplied as their potassium salts). Thus, C. acetobutylicum NCIB 8052, like C. beijerinckii VPI 13436, is able to produce solvents at neutral pH, although good yields are obtained only when adequately high concentrations of acetate and butyrate are supplied. Supplementation of the glucose minimal medium with propionate (20 mM) at pH 5 led to the production of some n -propanol as well as acetone and n -butanol; the final culture medium was virtually acid free. At pH 7, supplementation with propionate (150 mM) again led to the formation of n -propanol but also provoked production of some acetone and n -butanol, although in considerably smaller amounts than were obtained when the same basal medium had been fortified with acetate and butyrate at pH 7.
FIRST RECORD OF ADRYINUS IN CHINA WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA:DRYINIDAE) FROM GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper, the genus Adryinus Olmi is first reported from China and the Oriental Region as well, with description of a new species from Guangdong Province, China. Thetype is deposited in the insect Collections of the Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang Agricultural University.
THE ANALYSIS OF C‐H‐O DATA IN KEROGEN STUDIES USING A COEFFICIENT OF ELIMINATION

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A coefficient of elimination derived from Information Theory is proposed. The coefficient expresses the mixing of the elements C, H and O in kerogen, based on chemical analyses. It is shown to have meaning in terms of the products of kerogen evolution, as well as the changes in the chemistry of the kerogen itself. It is suggested that this parameter, plotted against percentage hydrogen, is a useful addition to the conventional van Krevelen diagram. Points representing the accepted stages of kerogen evolution are indicated with reference to the chemistry of the processes in vol ved and are shown to be similar to those determined from physical studies, in particular reflectivity.
MCRapper: Monte-Carlo Rademacher Averages for Poset Families and Approximate Pattern Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present MCRapper, an algorithm for efficient computation of Monte-Carlo Empirical Rademacher Averages (MCERA) for families of functions exhibiting poset (e.g., lattice) structure, such as those that arise in many pattern mining tasks. The MCERA allows us to compute upper bounds to the maximum deviation of sample means from their expectations, thus it can be used to find both statistically-significant functions (i.e., patterns) when the available data is seen as a sample from an unknown distribution, and approximations of collections of high-expectation functions (e.g., frequent patterns) when the available data is a small sample from a large dataset. This feature is a strong improvement over previously proposed solutions that could only achieve one of the two. MCRapper uses upper bounds to the discrepancy of the functions to efficiently explore and prune the search space, a technique borrowed from pattern mining itself. To show the practical use of MCRapper, we employ it to develop an algorithm TFP-R for the task of True Frequent Pattern (TFP) mining. TFP-R gives guarantees on the probability of including any false positives (precision) and exhibits higher statistical power (recall) than existing methods offering the same guarantees. We evaluate MCRapper and TFP-R and show that they outperform the state-of-the-art for their respective tasks.
Marine Fish Larvae Feeding: Formulated Diets or Live Prey?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the rearing of larval marine fish, any diet that reduces dependance on live prey production is of technical and economic interest. Weaning juveniles with a completely developed digestive tract to a conventional diet, (i.e., “late weaning”) can be successful in any marine fish species. For example, weaning one‐month‐old sea bass (20 mg) to the study's reference diet, Sevbar, resulted in over 85% survival (40% from hatching) and 1.25 g fish at day 90 (at 19 C) In contrast, “early weaning” of larvae to special microdiets during the first month is still difficult. The best way to reduce live prey utilization in sea bass is to wean larvae at about 3–4 mg in size (day 20). If weaning could be accomplished 15 days earlier, Artemia savings could be as high as 80%. However, this introduces risks relative to growth retardation (30% weight loss) and lower juvenile quality, including greater size variability and skeletal abnormalities. Similar results have been obtained with commercial microparticles (Fry Feed Kyowa) and experimental microbound diets (MBD) made from raw materials (alginate MBD) or preferably from freeze‐dried protein sources (zein MBD). Total replacement of live prey is still impossible in marine fish. Sea bass larvae fed formulated diets exclusively from first feeding (0.3 mg larval wet weight), or even from their second week of life onwards, exhibited low survival and poor growth. Better results can be obtained when formulated diets are used in combination with live prey from first feeding, although the optimal ratio of live prey to formulated diet is still to be specified.
Going underground: race, space, and the subterranean in the nineteenth-century United States

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsNicole WallerNICOLE WALLER is Professor for American Studies at the University of Potsdam and a member of the Research Training Group minor cosmopolitanisms, which seeks to establish new ways of studying and understanding the cosmopolitan project against and beyond its Eurocentric legacies. Her recent work revolves around issues of territoriality, Black geographies, and Indigenous sovereignty in North America.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY LEAKAGE IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To test optical coherence tomography leakage in the identification and quantification of choroidal neovascularization–related fluid, its change after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration eyes and its relation to functional outcome. Methods: Prospective analysis of a cohort of neovascular age-related macular degeneration cases treated with 2.0-mg intravitreal aflibercept. Eyes included were analyzed before, 1-week, and 1-month after one injection. Best-corrected visual acuity was assessed using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study method. Optical coherence tomography leakage maps depicting low optical reflectivity (LOR) sites were acquired with OCT Cirrus AngioPlex (Zeiss, Dublin, CA). The LOR area ratio was correlated to retinal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography angiography was simultaneously performed. Results: Twenty-two eyes of 18 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration were included. The LOR ratio of the full retina scan and retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch layer decreased from baseline to Month 1 ( P < 0.05). Changes in retinal thickness and LOR ratio were positively correlated ( P < 0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity change correlated with the outer segment layer LOR change (rho = −0.53, P = 0.014), and LOR was inferior in better responders ( P = 0.021). Optical coherence tomography leakage identified eyes with recurrent fluid in the external layers. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography leakage identified and quantified the fluid related to choroidal neovascularization activity. Low optical reflectivity change in the outer segment layer correlates with functional outcome and increasing LOR in the external layers may be a marker of early recurrence. Combining optical coherence tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography leakage allows both for choroidal neovascularization morphology and activity analysis.
Knowledge of Midwives Regarding Antenatal Depression, Screening, and Referral in South Africa: A Qualitative Study Protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Women are twice at risk of developing depression compared to men. This risk is even higher during pregnancy where many physiological, hormonal, social, and psychological changes occur. Prevalence studies show perinatal mental disorders are at least as prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa as they are in high-income and other low- and middle-income sub-regions. The mean weighted prevalence of both antenatal and postpartum depression are 11.3% and 18.3%, respectively, and the mean prevalence of both prenatal and postpartum anxiety is 14.8% and 14%, respectively in both high and low- and middle-income countries. Although maternal mental disorders, including antenatal depression, are widespread and have serious consequences, there remains a lack of understanding and inadequate care provided to pregnant women, by midwives who are their main healthcare providers. Therefore, this study aims to explore the midwives’ knowledge of antenatal depression before and after a training session on antenatal depression. The study will follow a qualitative research methodology and will be conducted in a Community Healthcare Center, in South Africa. In-depth individual interviews will be conducted with the midwives who attend to pregnant women at the study site before and after a training session on antenatal depression. Elo and Knygas’ content analysis will be used to analyse data. It is hoped that the results of the study may provide support for advocating the integration of mental health services into maternal care programmes.