jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
7-Hydroxy questin, a new anthraquinone from a wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03-11

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One new anthraquinone, questinlin (1), four known anthraquinones (2–5), together with three known benzophenone derivatives (6–8) were isolated from a wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03-11. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC), mass spectrometry, and optical rotation and IR spectra. In addition, the cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2 and A549) were evaluated. In this article, Aspergillus flavipes PJ03-11, a wetland soil fungus isolated from Honghaitan, Panjin city, Liaoning province, was used to study the secondary metabolites through one strain many compounds (OSMAC) methods. By changing the culture medium and adding the substance stimulating the metabolism of the strain into the fermentation medium, the peak type and amount of ethyl acetate extract in the fermentation medium were studied by HPLC. Finally, 2 mM MgCl2 was added into the rice solid medium for the expansion fermentation.
How to increase kidney transplant activity throughout Europe—an advocacy review by the European Kidney Health Alliance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Kidney transplantation offers better outcomes and quality of life at lower societal costs compared with other options of renal replacement therapy. In this review of the European Kidney Health Alliance, the current status of kidney transplantation throughout Europe and suggestions for improvement of transplantation rates are reported. Although the European Union (EU) has made considerable efforts in the previous decade to stimulate transplantation activity, the discrepancies among European countries suggest that there is still room for improvement. The EU efforts have partially been neutralized by external factors such as economic crises or legal issues, especially the illicit manipulation of waiting lists. Hence, growth in the application of transplantation throughout Europe virtually remained unchanged over the last few years. Continued efforts are warranted to further stimulate transplantation rates, along with the current registration and data analysis efforts supported by the EU in the Effect of Differing Kidney Disease Treatment Modalities and Organ Donation and Transplantation Practices on Health Expenditure and Patient Outcomes project. Future actions should concentrate on organization, harmonization and improvement of the legal consent framework, population education and financial stimuli.
On the Dynamic Accuracy of Machine-Tool Hydraulic Copying Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The mathematical model of a hydraulic copying system, utilizing a fourway, critical centered spool valve and a symmetrical volume power cylinder under the action of dynamic cutting forces is developed. The model takes into account the following features: (a) dynamic behavior of the control valve and the action of the flow forces, (b) dry-friction between the copying system and its mountings, (c) dynamic behavior of the stylus, (d) time domain model of the kinematic input due to the template configuration, and (e) dynamic input that accounts for the cutting force fluctuations and its interaction with the velocity response of the system. A dynamic accuracy criterion which includes static, kinematic, and transient errors is formulated. The dynamic accuracy criterion is a function of the specified manufacturing tolerance of the produced workpiece and can be directly evaluated from the system analysis. Analog computer simulations are carried out to study the effects of various influencing parameters on the dynamic accuracy of copying systems. Plots are developed to be used as a guide for the design and operation of hydraulic copying systems. The dynamic accuracy is calculated for commercial copying systems using the methods developed and found that the results are in close agreement with the data supplied by the manufacturers.
Abstract 341: Prolonged Post-Differentiation Culture Influences the Biophysics of Na + - And Ca 2+ Channels in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Cardiomyocytes (CM), derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM), are promising tools for in vitro proarrhythmia screening for drug safety. However, among various challenges with interpretation of iPSC-CM experimental results, the influence of varied culture periods post-differentiation on the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-CMs is unclear. Objective: To test the hypothesis that prolonged post-differentiation culture of iPSC-CMs will influence the biophysical characteristics of Na + - and Ca 2+ -channels. Methods: Using whole-cell patch clamp, we compared the electrophysiological properties of differentiated ventricular-like iPSC-CMs (APD 30-40 /APD 70-80 >1.5) cultured for 10 to 15 days (D10-15) to those cultured for more than 30 days (≥ D30) both under current- and voltage- clamp configurations. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of voltage-gated Na channel subunits SCN1A, SCN5A and Ca channel subunits CACNA1C, CACNA1G and CACNA1I. Fold change was calculated by 2 -ΔΔCt method. Data were analyzed by Student’s t test, and P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Post-differentiation prolonged culture imparts increased cellular excitability with high frequency spontaneous action potentials, robust increase in the magnitude of peak Na + -current level, relatively shallow inactivation kinetics of Na + channels, faster recovery from inactivation, and augmented Ca 2+ current density compared to early cultured iPSC-CM. This was associated with a greatly enhanced mRNA expression of α-subunit transcripts of SCN1A (7.5 fold) and SCN5A (38 fold) Na channel subtypes while less robust elevation in the mRNA expression of CACNA1C (0.5 fold), CACNA1G (2 fold) and CACNA1I (2 fold) subunits in prolonged culture compared to early cultured iPSC-CM. Conclusion: Prolonged culture of ventricular-like iPSC-CMs affects the excitability, single-cell electrophysiological properties and differential ion channels subunit expression. Standardization of post-differentiation period for ventricular-like iPSC-CMs culture is crucial for in vitro proarrhythmia screening, health/disease modelling to study cellular mechanisms or test high-throughput drugs’ efficacy and toxicity.
<title>Electron emission from a glass surface subjected to an intensive electron beam</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Electron-beam processing of insulating materials faces some difficulties connected with electric charge accumulation during electron irradiation. In this paper investigation of charging dynamics of glasses subjected to electron beam, is presented. It was found that secondary emission from the surface is not the only way of excess charge vanishing in some insulating materials. Under certain circumstances, strong electric field of introduced charge may result in intensive hot electron emission from the surface. This emission, in turn, leads to this charge rapid disappearing. This mechanism prevents such insulators from charging under the electron beam irradiation and facilitates processing them significantly. Main features of emission of this kind are discussed.
Perception of the level of difficulty by post-secondary Maltese students of the biology advanced level practical examination paper

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Maltese students sit for the Matriculation and Secondary Education Certificate (MATSEC) Advanced-level biology exam at the end of a two-year ‘sixth form’ course as a requirement to pursue studies related to science at the University of Malta. The exam consists of four papers, where Paper 1 consists of compulsory structured questions, Paper 2 involves essay-writing, Paper 3 is based on practical work related to theory, and Paper 4 consists of a single experimental design question. A questionnaire based on a Likert five-point scale was administered to students (N=102) two months before they sat for the MATSEC examination. The aim was to investigate the level of difficulty that students encounter with each of the exam papers as well when answering ten typical questions presented in Paper 4. No significant difference in the difficulty rating evaluation for males and females for Paper 1, 2 and 3 was found; however females found Paper 4 significantly more difficult than males. When presented with a test at school modelled on Paper 4, males felt more confident than females however they felt equally nervous. On the other hand, females felt more panicky than males. There was no significant difference between the level of difficulty encountered in each paper and the grade obtained at ‘Ordinary’ level biology (the examination taken at the end of secondary school). Students that were repeating their ‘sixth form’ second year encountered the same level of difficulty in each paper as those who were not. The same questionnaire was administered to tutors (N=13) in order to investigate whether student and tutor perceptions differ. Students and tutors rated the level of difficulty of each paper differently. None of the tutors perceived Papers 2, 3 and 4 as ‘easy’ whereas students did. Another difference in perception was noted in Paper 1: students rated Paper 1 as ‘difficult’ while tutors did not. Students and tutors also differed in the rating of level of difficulty in Paper 4 questions. Students found the question about devising an experiment as presenting the highest level of difficulty while for tutors the most difficult was that concerned was stating the sources of error. Writing a null hypothesis presented the least difficulty for students whereas drawing graphs was rated as least difficult by tutors. These differences in perception imply that tutors may be dedicating more time preparing students for papers and questions they (the tutors) perceive as difficult and thus may not be meeting the real needs of the students.
FRAUD AND ADMINRATIVE CORRUPTION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Royal Government of Bhutan has been pursuing a very prudent, well thought out and balanced socio- economic development policy. Under the dynamic leadership of His Majesty the King, the country has achieved unprecedented economic growth in just over the last two decades. Blending socio economic growth with the real happiness of the people, His Majesty the King declared a vision and theme of Gross National Happiness, which not only provided a unique measurement yardstick but also gained wide recognition and acceptance. While developmental initiative brings about improvement in the living conditions of the people, Government has been very wary of many evils which are synonymous to the developmental activities. Fraud and corruption go hand in hand with the development process. Perhaps, it is only a question of degree and methodologies adopted in perpetrating corruption and fraud in different countries which may be in variance. His Majesty the King has always been very concerned on this issue and its likely effect in our small social set up. His Majesty has always aspired for a small, effective and clean government. Number of Royal kashas had been issued to step up due vigil over the public spending hoping for a clean and corruption free administrative set up. To mark the Silver Jubilee Celebration of His majesty's enthronement, there is perhaps no other better alternatives than to express our solidarity on His Majesty's dynamism and reaffirm our commitment in establishing a corruption free society. The Royal Institute of Management has organized this seminar on Corruption and fraud and a much wider representation has been expected to deliberate on this issue. The Royal Audit Authority and the Division of Revenue and Customs have been advised to present a paper on the Extent and Magnitude of Corruption while papers on other themes will be covered by other agencies.
Energetics of Coronal Mass Ejections

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We examine the energetics of the best examples of flux-rope CMEs observed by LASCO in 1996-2001. We find that 69% of the CMEs in our sample experience a driving power in the LASCO field of view. For these CMEs which are driven, we examine if they might be deriving most of their driving energy by coupling to the solar wind. We do not find conclusive evidence to support this hypothesis. We adopt two different methods to estimate the energy that can possibly be released by the internal magnetic fields of the CMEs. We find that the internal magnetic fields are a viable source of driving power for these CMEs.
Special educators' attitudes toward effective software selection and technology use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The two purposes of the study were: to investigate the attitudes of Education teachers toward the use of computer-assisted instruction (CAI); and to measure changes in Education teachers' attitudes toward computer education through use of a software selection program.
A total of fifty-five special education teachers from twenty-two schools in Hawaii volunteered to participate in the study. The majority of the participants were elementary special education teachers in self-contained classrooms.
Participants were pretested with instruments, based on a Likert scale, to measure attitudes toward CAI. After completion of the attitudinal scale, they were trained to use a software selection program, Special Guide. They completed an evaluation with multiple choice and open ended questions. The software program and all testing instruments were created specially for the study. The participants were posttested three to six months later.
The results suggest that (over 90%) of the participants had positive attitudes toward CAI and computer technology. Also, they reported intentions to increase use if they had appropriate software. The participants viewed Special Guide as a useful program and indicated they would use it again in the future.
There was no significant difference in attitude change between the pretest and posttest, suggesting that the participants already held positive expectations toward the use of CAI before the study.
Many of the educators' difficulties incorporating technology in their classrooms were expressed in the evaluations. While these problems and barriers did not affect their positive attitudes toward CAI they did prevent many of the teachers from implementing CAI in their classrooms.
. Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mortality and morbidity in severe TBI has plateaued over the last 20 years. BTF guidelines recommend ICP and CPP guided therapy based on level 2 evidence. Hypothermia and non-pharmacologic measures have been explored without success. There is a renewed focus on pre hospital care (primarily in Europe) – aspects of care like endotracheal intubation (who should do it, need for sedation etc.) are being reexamined. NABISH II trial with focus on instituting hypothermia in the field failed to show any benefit. Hypothermia titrated to ICP trial is in progress and novel treatments like PbtO2 guided therapy seem promising.
BRIDGING THE GAP IN PHYSICS EDUCATION: INVESTIGATING MISCONCEPTIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES IN CHONGWE DISTRICT’S SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many secondary school students in Chongwe District struggle with foundational physics concepts such as motion, force, and energy, largely due to persistent misconceptions reinforced by traditional teaching methods, insufficient instructional resources, and limited student engagement. This study investigates the sources of these misconceptions and evaluates the pedagogical strategies currently employed in physics classrooms. A mixed-methods design was adopted, collecting data from 200 students and 10 physics teachers through structured questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations across four secondary schools. The findings reveal that abstract teaching approaches, lack of practical demonstrations, and minimal use of visual aids contribute significantly to students' misunderstanding of key physics principles. Conversely, students exhibited a strong preference for hands-on, collaborative learning activities that connect scientific content to real-life experiences. The study recommends the adoption of constructivist teaching methods, targeted teacher training, and strategic investment in laboratory and digital resources. These interventions are critical to enhancing conceptual clarity, increasing motivation, and strengthening physics education outcomes in under-resourced Zambian schools.
Non-simultaneous impact of multiple droplets on liquid film

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multi-droplet impinging on a thin liquid film non-simultaneously is studied using a three-dimensional numerical model incorporating a random disturbance subjected to Gaussian distribution. Subsequent droplet encountering upward-rising liquid sheets induced by leading droplets results in bubble entrainment with great bubble size. A liquid vortex in the vicinity of entrained bubble is observed. Many capillary waves are produced on the liquid sheet enclosing entrained bubble prior to its breakup, with high pressure beneath crests but low pressure beneath troughs. The criterion devised purposely for a liquid jet breakup can be used to estimate the breakup of enclosed liquid sheet.
Bangladesh: a policy review of the Financial Reporting Act (2015)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

On September 9, 2015, the Bangladesh Parliament passed the Financial Reporting Act (FRA), 2015. The FRA requires the establishment of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) - an independent oversight body for the public accountancy profession. The main purpose of the FRC will be to regulate the financial reporting process followed by the public interest entities. Judging by the initial reactions as published in the local media, this initiative appears
to have a wide support from a number of important stakeholder groups. Especially, the investors seem to be optimistic about the capability of the FRC to bring a degree of discipline in the financial reporting and auditing process, and subsequently, strengthen the capital markets. However, a number of concerns regarding some provisions of the FRA were raised by members of the public accountancy profession in a recent World Bank event for the dissemination of the ROSC (2015), held in Dhaka on October 25, 2015. It was argued that the FRC would not be able to attain its stated objectives in current form. The World Bank has also found a great degree of validity to these concerns. The World Bank has also identified a number of implementation issues which, if not addressed at this stage, may potentially affect the effectiveness of the FRA. The objective of this review is to provide guidance to the MoF on how to effectively address the FRA implementation challenges. The note presents a brief overview of events leading to the passing of the FRA (2015) and assesses the subsequent concerns raised by stakeholder groups in the light of global experience regarding establishment
of independent audit regulators.
‘Come and get a taste of normal’: Advertising, consumerism and the Coronavirus pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present unique challenges to governments and organisations around the world, but one sector has incorporated COVID-19 into its core mission with relative ease: advertisers have acknowledged the pandemic while continuing to draw on notions of ‘normality’ to activate our desire to consume. As the UK’s series of lockdowns have come to an end, we look back over more than a year of unusual advertising and consider how the pandemic has changed approaches to marketing and the shape of consumer culture in ways connected to ideas about what constitutes ‘normal’ life. Discussions of the relationship between the pandemic and consumerism have included critiques of the prioritising of profit over people, and conceptualisations of Coronavirus as a brand itself, but the politics of notions of ‘normality’ promoted by consumer culture demand closer consideration. This article complements existing studies and debates by examining the tensions, contradictions and morally neutral positions revealed by the advertising response to the coronavirus disease pandemic. Through an analysis of UK advertising campaigns launched during and with reference to the pandemic, this work explores key themes and strategies, including their connection to power dynamics concerning race, gender, class and capitalism. We suggest advertising during crises may offer the opportunity to critique larger dynamics and trends of consumerism, including narrow notions of the defining features of ‘everyday’ life.
Review Analysis on Faster Energy Efficient Adiabatic FA topologies for certain Low power Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The emergence and extensive use of hand-held appliances and their huge demand have drawn people's attention to the power-saving plan of these battery-powered regimes. The Arithmetic and logic unit is the core of the multimedia mainframe built into the compact electronic device. Consequently, the low-power realization of the Full adder (FA) module, which is a central component of the arithmetic structure, can ominously reduce the total power of the system. Adiabatic logic is one and only the most eminent methods for degrading energy dissipation in circuits with high switching movement. Payable to problem of scaling in MOS devices, carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) have been set up as the most promising alternatives to current Field Effect Transistor devices. In this review article, several hybrid cell Full adder topologies on non-adiabatic logic and adiabatic logic and number of transistors count are discussed. The simulation is performed under different environments, such as different supply voltages, load capacitance and operating frequencies that may arise under actual conditions. In this review article, the 4-Bit Ripple Carry adder is analyzed for feature research work in the adiabatic and non-adiabatic families for a more complete analysis.
Current Concepts in Ophthalmology.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current Concepts in Ophthalmologyis a compilation of selected topics representing some of the current clinical work and interests of the staff of the Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. The two authors have intended to present a probing and questioning analysis of interesting and intriguing problems in present-day ophthalmology. Certain sections on diabetic retinopathy, photocoagulation, and aspects of glaucoma contribute to ophthalmology, but most of the book reads like the "annual report." The preface does state that the format is less rigid and condensed than that required for journal publication—and this is meant to provide the authors with a "freer discussion" to be "read leisurely." The individual presentations are generally well written with good photographs and drawings. The subject material is concerned primarily with glaucoma and its related problems although other timely articles on cryosurgical cataract extraction, ophthalmodynamometry, and homocystinuria do emerge. This reviewer