jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthèse de polystyrènes chlorométhylés renfermant des radicaux tétrathiafulvalénylphénoxyméthyles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to study the influence of the nature of the moiety bearing a tetrathiafulvalenyl group in the polymers upon the microlithographic properties of resists, poly( p ‐chloromethylstyrene)s and poly(styrene‐ co‐p ‐chloromethylstyrene)s containing the 4‐tetrathiafulvalenylphenoxymethyl group with a variety of controlled molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were studied. The copolymers were all prepared by reaction of poly(4‐vinylbenzyl chloride) with potassium 4‐tetrathiafulvalenylphenolate ( 3 ). Without exception, the resulting poly[ p ‐chloromethylstyrene‐ co‐p ‐(tetrathiafulvalenylphenoxymethyl)styrene]s are highly insoluble. However, by reaction of potassium 4‐tetrathiafulvalenylphenolate with poly(styrene‐ co‐p ‐chloromethylstyrene) soluble copolymers could be prepared.
The effect of Marketing Mix on People’s Decision to Purchase Bittersweet by Najla

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Food-and-beverage industry in Indonesia is growing and developing rapidly due to advancement in information technology, which affects marketing system applied by businesses. Bittersweet by Najla, an enterprise engaging in food-and-beverage industry, has adapted itself to technological development and is using it to design an online marketing system using online media. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the effect of marketing mix on the decision of people in Jakarta to buy its product. This study is categorized as an explanatory research as it explains the causal relationship between variables through hypothesis testing. Using non-probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique, 100 people with the minimum age of seventeen years who live in Jakarta and have purchased the businesses’ product were selected as the research sample. The results of the descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses indicate that product, price, promotion, and price significantly influence people’s decision to buy the product of bittersweet by Najla. This means that the decision of people in Jakarta to purchase the products of Bittersweet by Najla is affected by variables of product, price, promotion, and place. Abstrak Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan industri food and beverage di Indonesia sangat pesat didukung dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi yang mempengaruhi sistem pemasaran yang dilakukan pelaku usaha. Bittersweet by Najla merupakan salah satu usaha yang bergerak dalam industry food and beverage yang beradaptasi dengan kemajuan teknologi dan memanfaatkannya untuk merancang sistem pemasaran melalui media online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh bauran pemasaran terhadap keputusan pembelian Bittersweet by Najla pada masyarakat di kota Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research yang menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variabel-variabel melalui pengujian hipotesis. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden. Kriteria dari 100 responden tersebut adalah individu yang berusia 17 tahun keatas, pernah membeli produk Bittersweet by Najla dan bertempat tinggal di kota Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan teknik porposive sampling. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi secara signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian Bittersweet by Najla pada masyarakat di Kota Jakarta. Hasil ini berarti bahwa keputusan untuk membeli produk Bittersweet by Najla pada masyarakat Kota Jakarta dipengaruhi oleh variabel produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi.
Body-focused repetitive behavior disorders in ICD-11

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article addresses the question of how body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (e.g., trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder) should be characterized in ICD-11. The article reviews the historical nosology of the two disorders and the current approaches in DSM-5 and ICD-10. Although data are limited and mixed regarding the optimal relationship between body-focused repetitive behavior disorders and nosological categories, these conditions should be included within the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category, as this is how most clinicians see these behaviors, and as this may optimize clinical utility. The descriptions of these disorders should largely mirror those in DSM-5, given the evidence from recent field surveys. The recommendations regarding ICD-11 and body-focused repetitive behavior disorders should promote the global identification and treatment of these conditions in primary care settings.
LRRK2 and ubiquitination: implications for kinase inhibitor therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pathogenic mutations and risk variants in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) represent the most common genetic cause of familial and sporadic PD (Parkinson's disease). LRRK2 protein is widely expressed throughout the brain and the periphery. Structurally, LRRK2 contains several functional domains, including a dual enzymatic core consisting of a kinase and GTPase domain. Disease-linked variants are found in both these enzymatic domains as well as in the COR [C-terminal of ROC (Ras of complex proteins)] and WD40 protein–protein binding domain. The kinase domain is widely believed to be linked to toxicity, and thus the thrust of pharmaceutical effort has focused on developing LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. However, recent data have suggested that inhibition of LRRK2 activity results in reduced LRRK2 levels and peripheral side effects, which are similar to those observed in homozygous LRRK2-knockout and LRRK2 kinase-dead rodent models. In a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal, a study led by Nichols reveals that dephosphorylation of LRRK2 cellular phosphorylation sites (Ser910/Ser935/Ser955/Ser973) triggers its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation and thus may account for the loss of function phenotypes observed in peripheral tissues in LRRK2-knockout/kinase-dead or inhibitor-treated rodents and primates. Albeit negative from a kinase inhibitor standpoint, the data open new avenues for LRRK2 biology and therapeutic approaches to counteract LRRK2 toxicity.
Search for Eukaryotic Motility Proteins in Spirochetes: Immunological Detection of a Tektin-Like Protein in Spirochaeta Halophila

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The serial endosymbiotic theory (SET) for the spirochete origin of undulipodia (cilia and eukaryotic flagella) predicts that a greater number of axonemal proteins will show homology to spirochete than to other bacterial proteins. To continue testing, the SET proteins associated with eukaryotic motility (tektin, centrin and calmodulin) were sought in Spirochaeta halophila. Western blot immunological detection techniques (for tektin and centrin) and two-dimensional gel analysis (for calmodulin) were used. Tektins are filamentous proteins extending the length of the axoneme in sperm tails and other undulipodia. Whole cell extracts of S. halophila were probed with antibodies made against three sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) sperm axonemal tektins (tektins A, B, and C). In the spirochetes, one tektin-like protein was detected as a band on Western blots (a C tektin.) An antibody made against Lytechinus pictus sperm tail axonemes, affinity-purified against the C tektin of another sea urchin, Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus, bound to a 30 kDa protein from Spirochaeta halophila. The C tektin epitope was not detected in Escherichia coli. Both the poly- and monoclonal anti-centrin antibodies cross-reacted with multiple proteins in the control alga (Tetraselmis striata) and in the putatively negative control bacterium E. coli. No cross reaction was seen between any anti-centrin antibody and S. halophila. Neither did a two-dimensional gel analysis reveal the presence of calmodulin in these spirochetes or in the two other prokaryotes tested (Spiroplasma citri, Ackoleplasma laidlawii). Although neither centrin nor calmodulin were detected, a 30 kDa tektin-like protein apparently is present in these spirochetes.
Database of German North Sea Salt Marshes – changes in vegetation and elevation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Database of German North Sea Salt Marshes (GIVD ID EU-DE-029) comprises 423 1m²-plots from German North Sea salt marshes, tracing back to the project "Thematic Mapping and Sensitivity Study of Mudflat Areas in the German Wadden Sea".In 1987-1991 and again in 2007, plots along 31 transectscovering the mainland coast of Schleswig-Holsteinwere investigated for their vascular plant species composition (species' presence and cover using Londo scale) as well as structural and spatial variables like grazing management, position and elevation in relation to mean high tide.Frequent vegetation-types were Spartinetum anglicae, Puccinellietum maritimae and Festucetum rubrae.This consistent data set allowed and still aims to determine spatial and geographical differences regarding changes in species diversity, dominance structure and functional traits in relation to driving environmental variables, and, especially, to study changes in elevation (due to accretion and subsidence) and vegetation in the salt marshes with regard to future sea level rise.Further, our data provide a baseline for future studies of possible changes in biodiversity, vegetation composition and species distribution pattern caused e.g. by invasive plant species, conservation management or sea level rise, which may in turn further improve future salt marsh management.
TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DM WITH NEW CLASS DRUGS: I DPP-4, A GLP-1, AND SGLT-2

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

. The annual increase in patients with type 2 diabetes averages 12.3%. The largest number of patients with type 2 diabetes is patiants aged 51 to 58 years - 10.2% of men and 16.2% of women. Treatment of type 2 diabetes is aimed at minimizing the risk of developing micro- and macrovascular complications. The emergence of new antidiabetic drugs, the action of which is based on the enhancement of the effect of endogenous incretins, opens up new prospects in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite the fact that 2 classes of these drugs (DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP analogs) belong to chemically different and structurally independent compounds, they have a similar mechanism of action, which consists in regulating glucose homeostasis by affecting the processes of glucose-dependent synthesis of insulin and glucagon, influencing consumption food and the promotion of chyme, on the proliferation, differentiation of pancreatic B-cells. A significant advantage of DPP-4 inhibitors is the possibility of their use in tablet form, unlike injectable GLP analogues. It is also important that DPP-4 inhibitors do not cause significant side effects, do not increase the incidence of hypoglycemia, and do not lead to weight gain. It has been shown that long-term subcutaneous administration of GLP-1 to patients with type 2 diabetes (for 6 weeks) improved the function of b-cells, reduced the level of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and increased peripheral insulin sensitivity; in addition, a decrease in body weight of patients has been recorded. However, as already noted, the period of circulation of endogenous or exogenous GLP-1 in the blood is extremely short due to the rapid inactivation of incretins under the action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. To ensure the practical use of native GLP-1 as a new agent in the treatment of type 2 DM, it is advisable to prevent the rapid breakdown of GLP-1 using DPP-4 inhibitors. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs that reduce glycemia independently of insulin and beta-cell function. SGLT2 inhibitors, due to the unique mechanism of action that does not depend on the severity of insulin resistance and beta-cell deficiency, are equally effective both in patients with type 2 diabetes with a disease duration of less than one year and in patients with type 2 diabetes of a long course (more than ten years). All inhibitors are highly selective for SGLT2 over SGLT1. The safety of these drugs is due to an extremely narrow spectrum of action - inhibition of a specific protein, which is present almost exclusively in the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules of the nephron.
Application of PSAK 109 in the Preparation of the Financial Statements of Baznas Pematang Siantar

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Sharia Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Indonesian Accounting Association stipulates Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 concerning Accounting for Zakat and Infaq/Sedekah which is stipulated for institutions that manage zakat, infaq and alms funds as their main activities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether BAZNAS Pematang Siantar had complied with PSAK 109 concerning zakat and infaq/alms accounting or not in preparing financial statements. This study uses a qualitative descriptive type of research, this research was conducted at BAZNAS Pematang Siantar City, the technique used in this study was a literature study and documentation technique. The results and conclusions of this study are that BAZNAS Pematang Siantar City has not used PSAK 109 in the preparation of its financial statements. The form of financial reports used by the Pematang Siantar City BAZNAS office is a report on receipts and distribution of funds and administrative expenses.
Overwintering Honey Bee Colonies: Effect of Worker Age and Climate on the Hindgut Microbiota

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Honey bee overwintering health is essential to meet the demands of spring pollination. Managed honey bee colonies are overwintered in a variety of climates, and increasing rates of winter colony loss have prompted investigations into overwintering management, including indoor climate controlled overwintering. Central to colony health, the worker hindgut gut microbiota has been largely ignored in this context. We sequenced the hindgut microbiota of overwintering workers from both a warm southern climate and controlled indoor cold climate. Congruently, we sampled a cohort of known chronological age to estimate worker longevity in southern climates, and assess age-associated changes in the core hindgut microbiota. We found that worker longevity over winter in southern climates was much lower than that recorded for northern climates. Workers showed decreased bacterial and fungal load with age, but the relative structure of the core hindgut microbiome remained stable. Compared to cold indoor wintering, collective microbiota changes in the southern outdoor climate suggest compromised host physiology. Fungal abundance increased by two orders of magnitude in southern climate hindguts and was positively correlated with non-core, likely opportunistic bacteria. Our results contribute to understanding overwintering honey bee biology and microbial ecology and provide insight into overwintering strategies.
Work in Progress: The Years of Finnegans Wake, 1922–1941

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ulysses ended with Leopold and Molly Bloom late at night, asleep or about to sleep: for Joyce as for his Shem the Penman in Finnegans Wake, 'fame would come … twixt a sleep and a wake' (FW 192.20). On 10 March 1923 he wrote two pages which he described in a letter to Harriet Shaw Weaver as 'the first I have written since the final Yes of Ulysses' (LI 202), which had been published more than a year earlier; those pages, dealing with the Irish King Roderick O'Conor, provided the inception of the book to which he would devote untold numbers of hours of his creative life during the decades of the 1920s and 1930s: Finnegans Wake.
Forward Discretely Self-Similar Solutions of the MHD Equations and the\n Viscoelastic Navier-Stokes Equations with Damping

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we prove the existence of forward discretely self-similar\nsolutions to the MHD equations and the viscoelastic Navier-Stokes equations\nwith damping with large weak $L^3$ initial data. The same proving techniques\nare also applied to construct self-similar solutions to the MHD equations and\nthe viscoelastic Navier-Stokes equations with damping with large weak $L^3$\ninitial data. This approach is based on [Z. Bradshaw and T.-P. Tsai, Ann. Henri\nPoincar'{e}, vol. 18, no. 3, 1095-1119, 2017].\n
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Endopolygalacturonase Genes in Venturia nashicola and Venturia pirina

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genes encoding endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) were isolated from pathogens of the Asian pear scab, Venturia nashicola races 1, 2, 3, and 4, and European pear scab, V. pirina. The Vnpgr1 gene of the V. nashicola race 1 consists of a 1,116-bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 372 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 37.5 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.56. The sequences of Vnpg genes from different races and Vppg gene from V. pirina showed high identities (95-100%). The deduced amino acid sequence of the V. nashicola race 1 endoPG showed 63-68% identity to the endoPG sequences of Penicillium olsonii, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Cryphonectria parasitica, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Alternaria citri. The deduced amino acid sequence of the race 1 endoPG was identical to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the previously purified endoPG enzyme from the mycelia of this race. The results of a southern blot analysis indicated that V. nashicola race 1 (isolate JS-115) had a single copy of the Vnpgr1. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the endoPG gene digested with HincII, BspEI, and BsrGI was performed; thereafter, agarose gel electrophoresis yielded race-specific RFLP patterns.
Establishment and identification of human periodontal ligament cells with decreased Cbfa1 expression

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

目的:构建针对核心结合因子a1(Cbfa1)的mU6小干扰RNA载体,并将其转染到人牙周膜细胞hPDLCs,观察其干扰效果,以期建立稳定的低表达Cbfa1基因的hPDLCs模型. 方法:设计针对Cbfa1基因编码区的寡核苷酸链,体外退火后克隆入经双酶切线性化的小干扰载体mU6中,对重组质粒进行酶切分析和DNA序列测定. 以脂质体法将mU6空载体和重组质粒分别导人hPDLCs细胞系. 用含G418的培养液筛选,挑取阳性克隆后用RT-PCR技术检测各hPDLCs克隆内Cbfa1 mRNA水平的表达情况. 结果:经酶切鉴定及DNA测序,重组质粒Cbfa1-siRNA中插入的目的基因片段与预计片段完全一致. G418筛选转染细胞4wk后获得稳定转染mU6空载体的细胞克隆株hPDLCs-mU6和稳定转染重组质粒的细胞克隆株hPDLCs-siRNA. 经RT-PCR鉴定,Cbfa1在hPDLCs-siRNA细胞中的表达比对照细胞明显降低. 结论:成功构建了针对Cbfa1的小干扰RNA载体,成功建立了稳定的低表达Cbfa1的hPDLCs模型,为进一步研究Cbfa1的功能奠定了实验基础.
Hhex Is a Critical Gene In The Development Of Normal and Malignant Lymphoid Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hematopoietically expressed homeobox (Hhex) is a T-cell oncogene. It is frequently deregulated in murine retroviral insertional mutagenesis screens and its enforced expression induces T-cell leukemia in bone marrow transduction and transplantation experiments. We discovered that HHEX is a direct transcriptional target of an LIM domain Only-2 (LMO2)-associated protein complex. HHEX clusters with LMO2-overexpressing T-ALLs and is especially overexpressed in Early T-cell Precursor (ETP) – ALL where it is a direct transcriptional target of LMO2. To further understand Hhex's function, we induced a conditional knockout in floxed Hhex mice with the Vav-iCre transgene. Mice were viable and showed normal blood cell counts with highly efficient deletion of Hhex in all hematopoietic tissues. Thymocytes from conditional knockouts showed a normal pattern of development. Most impressively, Hhex conditional knockout markedly prolonged the latency of T-ALL onset in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice (figure 1). Hhex conditional knockouts (Hhex cKOs) also had a significant decrease in mature B cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Interestingly, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells plated on OP9-GFP or OP9-DL1 stromal cells showed proliferative defects and incomplete differentiation towards both B and T lineage. Also under stress conditions such as sublethal irradiation and competitive bone marrow transplants, Hhex conditional knockouts show a marked defect in both B and T lineages but an increase in early progenitor populations. Our experiments show that Hhex is a critical transcription factor in lymphoid development and in LMO2-induced T-ALL.Figure 1Hhex conditional knockout markedly prolonged the latency of T-ALL onset in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic miceFigure 1. Hhex conditional knockout markedly prolonged the latency of T-ALL onset in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Remote laboratory experiments in electrical engineering education

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A remote or online laboratory is a laboratory where one can access experiments and instruments or other equipment from outside over the Internet. Laboratories for undergraduate education or vocational training in basic electrical engineering are easy to control remotely. One cannot see or hear the electrical current, so there is no need for sound or video transmission. Computer-based instruments do not have any control buttons or displays on the front panel. They have virtual front panels on the host computer only and those panels can be moved to a remote computer screen. However, the manual forming of circuits and connecting of test probes cannot be transferred. These actions must be performed in another way in a remote laboratory. Remotely controllable switch matrices must be used. In the remote laboratory at BTH (Blekinge Institute of Technology) a client/server architecture is used. The student makes all the settings wanted on the client computer and then sends them to a lab server. The server makes measurements requested and returns the data obtained. The whole procedure takes only a second or two. A number of clients can access the experiments simultaneously. The laboratory is used in ordinary courses for on-campus students. They access the laboratory from a computer hall or from elsewhere outside the university. Due to the low number of bytes transferred, a 56 kbit modem is sufficient.
Analysis of Profile Functions for General Linear Regularization Methods

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The stable approximate solution of ill‐posed linear operator equations in Hilbert spaces requires regularization. Tight bounds for the noise‐free part of the regularization error are constitutive for bounding the overall error. Norm bounds of the noise‐free part which decrease to zero along with the regularization parameter are called profile functions and are the subject of our analysis. The interplay between properties of the regularization and certain smoothness properties of solution sets, which we shall describe in terms of sourcewise representations, is crucial for the decay of associated profile functions. On the one hand, we show that a given decay rate is possible only if the underlying true solution has appropriate smoothness. On the other hand, if smoothness fits the regularization, then decay rates are easily obtained. If smoothness does not fit, then we will measure this in terms of some distance function. Tight bounds for these allow us to obtain profile functions. Finally we study the most realistic case when smoothness is measured with respect to some operator which is related to the one governing the original equation only through a link condition. In many parts the analysis is done on geometric basis, extending classical concepts of linear regularization theory in Hilbert spaces. We emphasize intrinsic features of linear ill‐posed problems which are frequently hidden in the classical analysis of such problems.