jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geotechnical Aspects of the Port of Long Beach Pier E Redevelopment Project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Pier E Redevelopment Project comprises Phase 1 of the Middle Harbor Redevelopment Project, a 10-year plan to improve efficiency and environmental performance at the Middle Harbor container shipping terminals in the Port of Long Beach, California. Phase 1, referred to as the Pier E Redevelopment Project, will involve construction of a replacement wharf at PierE, widening and deepening Slip 3, partial infilling of Slip 1, and upgrading the Pier D infrastructure. The local subsurface conditions, previous site development, space limitations, and area seismicity present significant challenges for the proposed development. This paper discusses some of the key geotechnical design aspects of the project in light of the outlined challenges. The aspects include the selection of slope redevelopment options at a site with varying subsurface conditions that balance risk exposure and cost, providing geotechnical input for pile and bulkhead design, and maximizing the use of various types of field investigation techniques to characterize subsurface conditions throughout the project area.
Nanoparticle Technologies in Detection Science

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Over the past two decades, the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles for sensing applications (environmental and biomedical) has garnered considerable attention in the scientific community and in industry. Advances in nanoparticle technologies in detection science has permitted the development of sensors with enhanced sensitivities and improved response times. This chapter aims to review research in this area, with a particular focus on biosensors. A description of the most commonly used nanoparticles in detection science and a synopsis of the bioanalytical detection techniques using these types of nanoparticles is provided. Essential to enhanced sensitivities in detection science and biosensor development is the successful attachment of nanoparticles to relevant biomolecules and a summary of functionalization approaches to achieve this are discussed. While nanoparticle technologies offer many advantages, one of the key benefits of nanoparticle-based device performance is signal amplification. Detection techniques in both optical and electrical systems highlighting this benefit are described. Finally, the acceptance of nanoparticles in biomedical applications depends strongly on nanoparticle biocompatibility and toxicity. Current studies outlining the toxic effects of nanoparticles and the potential of harnessing these toxic effects as antimicrobial agents are therefore discussed at the end of the chapter.
Provenance-Enabling DOE Visualization Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

VisTrails, Inc.’s goal main charter has been to develop provenance management solutions for software tools. As the use of computation increases, keeping track of computational processes and the data they consume and derive is essential for many applications. Provenance (also referred to as audit trail, lineage, and pedigree) captures information about the steps used to generate a given data product. Such information provides important documentation that is key to preserving the data, to determining the data’s quality and authorship, and to reproducing as well as validating the results. Given the growing complexity of the computational processes and the volume of data they manipulate, manual approaches to maintaining provenance are both tedious and error-prone. At VisTrails, Inc., we have implemented infrastructure that can be used to provenance-enable existing tools. We have developed a series of plugins for specific applications, including ParaView [6] and VisIt [11], which enable these applications to capture provenance. While developing these plugins, we identified general patterns across different applications, and these were used to inform the design of a general framework: the VisTrails Provenance Software Development Kit (SDK). The SDK encapsulates a set of core functionality including methods for capture, navigation, analysis and re-use of provenance. It allows application or plugin developers to more effectively provide provenance support: they can use the core functionality and write code only to handle application specific components. The SDK includes features that can be used in any application, for example, a refined interface for browsing the intermediate and final results captured. While the applicationspecific plugins were written in Python, the SDK was written from scratch in C++. This has led not only to substantial gains in performance but also the ability to integrate the SDK with applications written in other languages, including Java. To ensure that the SDK supported all of the functionality in the application-specific plugins, we have rewritten some of the existing plugins using the SDK. The SDK can be downloaded from www.vistrals.com/sdk.html.
How to best monitor bivalirudin anticoagulant effect for ECMO and VAD—Comparison of four assay methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Unfractionated heparin is widely used as an anticoagulant for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and usually monitored with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Due to its limitations in pediatric populations and interferences with monitoring, bivalirudin is being utilized more frequently in these settings. For bivalirudin, other tests have emerged such as dilute thrombin time (dTT) and ecarin chromogenic assay (ECA); however, their utilities in pediatrics are unexplored. Development of suitable, accurate testing for bivalirudin monitoring is paramount to prevent complications. We sought to compare aPTT, aPTT with heparinase (HPTT), dTT1:4, modified dTT1:10, and ECA for monitoring of pediatric ECLS patients anticoagulated with bivalirudin. Methods aPTT, HPTT, dTT1:4, dTT1:10, and ECA were measured in 51 specimens from 17 children on bivalirudin‐anticoagulated ECLS. Normal pooled plasma was spiked with various bivalirudin concentrations, and aPTT, dTT1:4, dTT1:10, and ECA were measured. In addition, dTT assays were performed using plasma from normal donors spiked with bivalirudin, heparin, and cryoprecipitate. Results dTT1:4 showed excellent correlation with ECA, while dTT1:4 correlated moderately with aPTT or HPTT. Fifty to 75% of specimens showed discordant results between dTT1:4 and HPTT. We found that dTT1:4 and ECA prolongations are associated with bivalirudin infusion rate; however, there are age‐based differences that should be accounted for. The performance of dTT1:10 was similar to dTT1:4, though it was less sensitive to interfering factors (heparin or hyperfibrinogenemia). Conclusion dTT1:10 appears to be more suitable for routine practice due to fewer variations and lower cost for monitoring bivalirudin in pediatric ECLS.
On the Theory of Instrumentation (1985)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this essay, originally published in 1985, Carl Dahlhaus addresses the problem of how to integrate timbre into our understanding of music while honoring its resistance to description and quantification. In particular, he explores the history of orchestration in terms of an opposition between “coloristic” and “structural instrumentation,” the latter defined as that which “actively intervenes in the compositional logic [Tonsatz] of the music, rather than being merely dependent on it.” Dahlhaus’ essay is grounded squarely in the common-practice era: his compositional points of reference span from Haydn to Richard Strauss, and he is particularly concerned with how instrumentation can reveal structural patterns that stand athwart the formal trajectories suggested by tonal analyses.
Approximate black holes from a variable cosmological constant

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The small or zero cosmological constant, $Λ$, probably results from a macroscopic cancellation mechanism of the zero-point energies. However, nearby horizon surfaces any macroscopic mechanism is expected to result in imperfect cancellations. A phenomenological description is given for the residual variable cosmological constant. In the static, spherically symmetric case it produces approximate black holes. The model describes the case of exponential decay by $\Box\lnΛ=-3a$, were $a$ is a positive constant.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Electroconvulsive Therapy Effects on the Brain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still the most effective treatment not only for psychotic depression, but also for treatment of resistant or other severe forms of major depressive episodes. Nevertheless, the exact nature of the therapeutic effect of ECT is unknown. Modern theories of depression suggest changes of synaptic plasticity especially within the hippocampus. It was hypothesized that such changes may be reflected in changes of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) detectable signals. The current literature on 1H MRS studies on ECT effects is small with a large diversity of MRS methods applied, brain regions studied and metabolite changes found. Nevertheless, there is good evidence that changes in neurometabolite concentrations are induced by ECT that can be non invasively monitored by 1H MRS. There also are pioneering 1H MRS studies on animal models of depression: the Learned Helplessness model in rats and the chronic social stress model in tree shrews. The proposed review will summarize the current MRS findings in humans and animals and discuss possible interpretations. Keywords: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, animal model, major depression, MDD
Notes from the field: Multistate outbreak of postprocedural fungal endophthalmitis associated with a single compounding pharmacy - United States, March-April 2012.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On March 5, 2012, the California Department of Public Health was notified of nine cases of clinically diagnosed fungal endophthalmitis at a single California ambulatory surgical center. The initial investigation, led by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, determined that in all cases patients had undergone vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peeling using a dye called Brilliant Blue-G (BBG) from Franck's Compounding Lab, Ocala, Florida. This investigation has since expanded to involve intravitreal injection of triamcinolone-containing products from Franck's, an overall total of 33 cases in seven states, and collaboration between state and local health departments, CDC, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This report describes the current investigative findings. Clinicians should be aware of the ongoing investigation and should avoid use of compounded products labeled as sterile from Franck's during this ongoing investigation.
Architecture and Biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The wall gives a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell its osmotic integrity; defines cell shape during budding growth, mating, sporulation, and pseudohypha formation; and presents adhesive glycoproteins to other yeast cells. The wall consists of β1,3- and β1,6-glucans, a small amount of chitin, and many different proteins that may bear N- and O-linked glycans and a glycolipid anchor. These components become cross-linked in various ways to form higher-order complexes. Wall composition and degree of cross-linking vary during growth and development and change in response to cell wall stress. This article reviews wall biogenesis in vegetative cells, covering the structure of wall components and how they are cross-linked; the biosynthesis of N- and O-linked glycans, glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors, β1,3- and β1,6-linked glucans, and chitin; the reactions that cross-link wall components; and the possible functions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic cell wall proteins.
Risk assessment of aircraft landing phase based on neural network cloud and Monte Carlo

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In view of the complex factors affecting the landing risk of military aircraft after the mission, the assessment method is not systematic, and the process is fuzzy, random and uncertain. In this paper, a risk assessment model based on neural network cloud is constructed and implemented by Monte Carlo simulation. Firstly, four parameters, namely ground speed, elevation angle, vertical acceleration and ground distance deviation, are selected to describe the risk situation of landing phase. Roulette algorithm is used to generate 100 groups of cloud data randomly, and the probability membership degree is determined by cloud generator as the training data of GA-BP neural network. The simulation evaluation system is formed after learning and training of neural network, and the landing number of a certain army aircraft is calculated The rationality and scientificity of the evaluation system is verified by an example, which proves that it has certain practical significance and reference value.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression of TCP Genes Family in Orchardgrass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant-specific TCP transcription factors regulate several plant growth and development processes. Nevertheless, little information is available about the TCP family in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). This study identified 22 DgTCP transcription factors in orchardgrass and determined their structure, phylogeny, and expression in different tissues and developmental stages. The phylogenetic tree classified the DgTCP gene family into two main subfamilies, including class I and II supported by the exon–intron structure and conserved motifs. The DgTCP promoter regions contained various cis-elements associated with hormones, growth and development, and stress responses, including MBS (drought inducibility), circadian (circadian rhythms), and TCA-element (salicylic acid responsiveness). Moreover, DgTCP9 possibly regulates tillering and flowering time. Additionally, several stress treatments upregulated DgTCP1, DgTCP2, DgTCP6, DgTCP12, and DgTCP17, indicting their potential effects regarding regulating responses to the respective stress. This research offers a valuable basis for further studies of the TCP gene family in other Gramineae and reveals new ideas for increasing gene utilization.
A New Gigantic Vicia (Perennial Wild Vetch) (Fabaceae) Taxon From Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

vetch), which has been collected from the Karakoçan district (Elazığ-Türkiye), has been defined as new subspecies for the scientific world. New subspecies; it differs from the typical subspecies primarily in terms of indumentum characteristics, large plant size, leaf and leaflet sizes, inflorescence features, inflorescence/leaf length ratio, flower parts and seed sizes.Vicia freyniana subsp. gigantea grows mostly in oak forest shades and sometimes in oak forest openings. This newly defined subspecies; description, ecological preferences, distribution map and photographs were given.
Antigen-Independent Tumor Targeting by CBX-12 (Alphalex ™ –Exatecan) Induces Long-Term Antitumor Immunity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims: To determine whether antigen-independent targeting of the TOP1 inhibitor exatecan to tumor with a pH-sensitive peptide (CBX-12) produces superior synergy with immunotherapy compared with unconjugated exatecan. Materials & methods: In vitro and ex vivo functional assays were performed via FACS and ELISA assays. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in the syngeneic CT26 model. Results: CBX-12 combined with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA4 results in delayed tumor growth and complete response, with cured animals displaying long-term antitumor immunity. CBX-12 stimulates expression of MHC 1 and PD-L1 and is an inducer of immunogenic cell death, producing long-term immune recognition of tumor cells and resultant antitumor immunity. Conclusion: The authors' data provide the rationale for exploring immunotherapy combinations with CBX-12 in clinical trials.
An Exploratory Study of Self-Neglect in Adults of All Ages Using Infrequent Home Care as a Proxy Measure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An exploratory study of self-neglect was undertaken using a secondary analysis of The Mid-Life in the United States (MIDUS) study. The current study sought to explore self-neglect in a sample of adults of all ages who were not part of a clinical sample frame, to identify potentially useful information about factors that influence self-neglect to inform future research, including research about treatments for self-neglect, and to quantitatively test hypotheses about childhood experiences and adulthood traits that emerged from the qualitative self-neglect literature. The current study used a self-report proxy measure of self-neglect that was appropriate for adults of all ages - infrequent home care. The current study hypothesized that authoritarian parenting, adverse childhood experiences, social isolation, and perceived constraints may be associated with infrequent home care. Perceived constraints were significantly associated with infrequent home care. This may suggest that perceived constraints may be associated with self-neglect and warrant further research. The selected proxy measure, infrequent home care, was a limitation related to the secondary nature of the current study. Further research is required to develop measures of self-neglect that are appropriate outside of the Adult Protective Services setting, as well as measures for low to moderate self-neglect.
The major androgen-regulated secretory proteins of the rat epididymis bear sequence homology with members of the alpha 2u-globulin superfamily.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The primary amino acid sequence of 18.5 kDa androgen-dependent secretory proteins of the rat epididymis has been compared with protein data-base sequences. The comparison has revealed that the epididymal proteins belong to the alpha 2u-globulin superfamily which includes human, rat and mouse urinary proteins, ungulate beta-lactoglobulins, and serum retinol-binding proteins. The homology suggests that the epididymal proteins may function to transport retinoids within the male reproductive tract. The androgen-dependent characteristics of the proteins and their tissue-specific nature have been ascertained by use of the protein's cDNA as a probe. The mRNA for the proteins was found in the epididymis of the rat and mouse, but not the epididymis of guinea-pig, rabbit, bull, boar, or ram.
“REVIEWING THE RITES PROPER TO CANONISATION”: NEW WOMAN NOVELS AND NEW CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF CANONICITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines the ways in which New Woman novelists and their critics negotiated and revised Victorian literary canons in the 1880s and 1890s in light of the controversial publications of the Higher and feminist critics of the Bible. It explores the relationship between nineteenth-century literary and religious canons and the ways in which New Woman writers both drew on and intensified contemporary debates on canonicity. While literary canons are often perceived as allowing the possibility of adding new or re-evaluated works whereas biblical canonization seems final and definitive, nineteenth- century discoveries of early, non-canonical Christian writings and fragmentary gospels such as Pistis Sophia and the Gospel of Mary profoundly problematized late-Victorian understandings of the process of canonicity. The growing recognition of the historical significance of such fragments, as well as fierce theological debates in the leading magazines of the day, highlighted canonization as a political procedure which enforced internal coherence and unity at the expense of cultural diversity. Many writers suggested that canonization involved a repression of ideological controversies and a marginalization of competing narratives, a process which was both dramatized and redressed in New Woman fiction. The scholarship that turned to the era before the biblical canon had been sealed explored the conditions which made it final and unassailable, enabling feminist novelists to examine canonicity imaginatively and critically. By drawing attention to the essentially historical and political forces that governed processes of canon formation, New Woman writers sought to expose the narrowness and the limitations of the literary canon within and against which they worked.
Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Intellectual Capital

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The focus of the research is how a company's ownership structure and size impact intellectual capital. This research uses multiple linear regression and purposive sampling to examine 37 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2022. Intellectual capital is not affected by company size, institutional ownership, or foreign ownership; however, management ownership influences 5%. Those who wish to conduct further research can use this research as a reference regarding ownership structure and company size on intellectual capital performance.
Reconsidering Money: Monetary Exchange with Additive Transaction Costs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Under the assumption of purely additive transaction costs in exchange, the literature on money has a standard example of direct exchange dominating indirect (monetary) exchange. From here, it is frequently concluded that subadditive costs (e.g., search costs) must be examined in order to explain the institution or origin of money. In contrast, this paper presents an additive transaction costs model in which the mere absence of double coincidences of wants suffices to motivate monetary exchange. Furthermore, it is found that not all commodity monies that are collectively desirable qualify for the core, but that all fiat monies that are collectively desirable will be elements of the core.
Implications of Cultural Diversity for the Universality Claims of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Kohlberg's claim that his theory of moral reasoning development has universal validity and that the evidence is consistent with a position of ethical nonrelativity is evaluated. The available data indicate that the cognitive-developmental criteria for a strict moral stage model do hold universally and that the theory does reflect much of what is morally relevant in diverse cultures. However, the theory's universal applicability is challenged by evidence that it misses or misconstrues some significant moral concepts from several cultures. It is argued that Kohlberg's universality claims are grounded in metaethical assumptions about the nature of morality. Although the validity of these assumptions cannot be proven at an empirical level, doubt would be cast on their plausibility by failure to support the empirical claims of the theory.