jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cytochromes in a cyanide-resistant strain of Bacillus cereus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A highly cyanide resistant strain of Bacillus cereus has been studied. The cell respiration was unusually resistant to inhibition by both cyanide and azide. The cyanide resistance could be further increased by growing the cells in the presence of 10 −3 M cyanide. The electron-transport system of this strain of B. cereus contained flavoprotein, cytochrome b, and a cytochrome a type of oxidase. Growth in the presence of cyanide caused a marked increase in the amount of cytochrome b and of the oxidase. The oxidase was inhibited by CO, this inhibition is photoreversible, and the action spectrum was indistinguishable from that of cytochrome a 3 and a.
Analysis of input signal design for system identification to the application of second order system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of input design for parameter estimation of the linear, dynamic Single Input Single Output (SISO) second order systems is the focus of this paper. The open loop system identification method is considered for analysis different signals in this work. The Numerical algorithm for Subspace State Space System Identification (N4SID) algorithm is used for open loop system identification. In this work, five input signals are considered for system identification. The Amplitude Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (APRBS) and Multisine signals are given better results over step, Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) and Swept sine input signals. The efficiency of input signals is shown using three second order systems using model performance metrics. The simulation of experiment design is executed by using MATLAB.
A SkSP-R Plan under the Assumption of Gompertz Distribution

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, we designed a time-truncated SkSP-R sampling plan when the lifetime of units follows a Gompertz distribution (GmzD). The GmzD is briefly discussed. All of the plan parameters were obtained using a two-point approach, which is based on limiting quality level (LQL) and acceptable quality level (AQL). Moreover, operating characteristic (OC) values were calculated for the determined value of the plan parameters by using the OC function of the SkSP-R. Applications of two real life situations in engineering were presented to illustrate the applicability of the offered sampling inspection plan. It was found that the new SkSP-R sampling inspection plan can be used efficiently in the field.
The Comparison of Dexmedetomidine Vs Dexamethasone as Adjuvants in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical utility of local anaesthesia with adjuvant provides excellent nerve block with prolonged duration and faster action onset. There are various approaches for giving brachial plexus block among which supraclavicular plexus block is commonly used for upper limb surgeries. This study focuses on comparing the effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. A total of 150 ASA (American society of anaesthesiologist) grade 1 and 2 patients aged 18-60 undergoing upper limb surgery were divided into two groups according to randomised double blind study - Group A given 20 mL of 0.5% Bupivacaine with 50 mcg (0.5ml) of dexmedetomidine and Group B given 20 mL of 0.5% Bupivacaine with dexamethasone 8mg (2ml). In both groups, 0.9% normal saline was added to make a total volume of 25 mL. Onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks, along with intraoperative analgesia quality were evaluated. The onset of sensory blocks was faster in patients in group A as compared to group B patients. In terms of duration of block, sensory and motor block and in terms of duration for post op analgesia were maintained for longer duration in Group A patient compared to group B patient.
Clinical implications of cortical microvasculature in adult Moyamoya disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Cortical microvascular surface area (MVSA) and arterial microvascular transit time (AMVTT) have been described to be significantly increased in Moyamoya disease (MMD) patients. It was the aim of our study to investigate the clinical implications of anatomic and functional parameters of cortical[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Lateral root initiation requires the sequential induction of transcription factors LBD16 and PUCHI in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Lateral root (LR) formation in Arabidopsis thaliana is initiated by asymmetric division of founder cells, followed by coordinated cell proliferation and differentiation for patterning new primordia. The sequential developmental processes of LR formation are triggered by a localized auxin response. LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES‐DOMAIN 16 (LBD16), an auxin‐inducible transcription factor, is one of the key regulators linking auxin response in LR founder cells to LR initiation. We identified key genes for LR formation that are activated by LBD16 in an auxin‐dependent manner. LBD16 targets identified include the transcription factor gene PUCHI , which is required for LR primordium patterning. We demonstrate that LBD16 activity is required for the auxin‐inducible expression of PUCHI . We show that PUCHI expression is initiated after the first round of asymmetric cell division of LR founder cells and that premature induction of PUCHI during the preinitiation phase disrupts LR primordium formation. Our results indicate that LR initiation requires the sequential induction of transcription factors LBD16 and PUCHI.
An overview of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) bioactive peptides’ derivation and utilization as an emerging nutraceutical food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chia (S. hispanica L.) is an annual herbaceous plant that has gained popularity for its seeds of high-quality vegetative proteins, richest contents of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFA), soluble dietary fiber, and great gelling ability, as well as its high contents of bioactive peptides of antioxidative and nutraceutical potential for many other clinical biomarkers. Such health protective bioactive peptides should be utilized for supplementation in the food and nutrition industries. This review was therefore designed to align the researches done on chia bioactive peptide’s derivation, processing, consumption and to identify their antioxidative and nutraceutical potential for various disease biomarkers. The evidence gathered is fairly compelling for the health-promising nutraceutical and clinical potential of chia seed bioactive peptides as antioxidants, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP4), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Their assimilation into everyday diets has the potential to open new doors in health departments and food sectors.
The Historian and the Sexologist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article investigates how twentieth-century historians' reliance on pathologizing discourses about transvestism produced the distorted historical account of the premodern “transvestite saint.” The essay begins with a critical historiography aimed at unraveling the intertwined writings of historians and sexologists. European sexological writing on Christian saints rendered them little more than pathologized subjects stripped of their religious context, and historical narratives that drew on pathologizing sexological paradigms frequently interpreted these religious figures as premodern examples of transhistorical sex-gender transgression. After examining the development of the interpretive model of the transvestite saint and its dependence on tropes of disguise and deception, the author argues that this framework should be abandoned. Considering the limitation of this interpretation, the essay proposes a more capacious historical method termed the apophasis of transgender.
The Pliocene as an analogue for our warmer future

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Pliocene, specifically the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (~3.3-3.0 Ma), is widely referred to as a potential analogue for future climate within the palaeoclimate community. The Pliocene is well placed to be a palaeoclimate analogue given that it is the most recent period of sustained warmth above pre-Industrial levels, and that the atmospheric CO2 concentration is similar-to-modern at ~400 ppmv. Results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) highlight similarities in large-scale features of Pliocene climate to the future: global mean surface air temperature is ~3°C warmer and global mean total precipitation is ~7% higher than pre-Industrial. However, it is also important to consider how analogous other factors are, such as the drivers of those changes in climate. Using the outputs from a subset of models in PlioMIP2, we show that less-analogous forcings, such as changes to ice sheets and orography, are responsible for 44% of surface air temperature and sea surface temperature change in the Pliocene, and 49% of precipitation change. These forcings must be taken into consideration, and affect how comparable the climate of the Pliocene is to our warmer future. We discuss the implications of these results, and consider what it means for the Pliocene to be a “palaeoclimate analogue”.
Analisis Dampak SE Menpan RB No1 Tahun 2021 Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sektor Telekomunikasi

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this day and age, people are starting to adjust to the new normal order of life while going through the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, people suddenly adjusted the flow of work that is usually done in the office to be at home, known as Work from Home. However, this change has begun to be adapted by the community in 2021. People have started doing office work or at home in accordance with the regulations of their respective agencies. This regulation is also emphasized in the imposition of restrictions on community activities regarding the enforcement of ASN employee discipline. During 2020, people have used internet services to support work done at home. By adapting to the new normal, it is possible for employees to work in the office by prioritizing health and safety. The purpose of this research is to look at the differences in the financial performance of companies in the information technology sector as internet service providers due to the SE Minister of PAN-RB No.1 of 2021. In this study, differences in financial performance were found, namely during the pandemic, namely in the Total Asset Turnover section which had an effect on significant during the COVID-19 pandemic in the second year. The results found are companies engaged in the telecommunications sub-sector can earn high profits with their assets
Use of Smartphones to Reduce Preoperative Anxiety in Children before Anaesthesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Preoperative paediatric anxiety is a common phenomenon usually associated with surgery and has a negative effect on postoperative recovery. Like higher postoperative pain, emergence delirium, uncooperative behavior, and higher doses of sedation or preoperative analgesia. This study aims to reduce preoperative anxiety in children undergoing surgeries under anaesthesia using smartphone as a distraction technique. Material and Method: This blinded randomized clinical trial included 40 children aged 3 to 12 years undergoing a planned surgical intervention at a GMERS general hospital randomized into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The video was shown on a smartphone to children in the experimental group preceding a planned surgical procedure. The control group was posted for surgery without intervention. Results: There was statistically significant reduction in mYPAS score in experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion: Smartphone can be used to reduce preoperative paediatric anxiety as a distraction technique.
LEVIS: Large Exact Verifiable Input Spaces for Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The robustness of neural networks is crucial in safety-critical applications, where identifying a reliable input space is essential for effective model selection, robustness evaluation, and the development of reliable control strategies. Most existing robustness verification methods assess the worst-case output under the assumption that the input space is known. However, precisely identifying a verifiable input space \(\mathcal{C}\), where no adversarial examples exist, is challenging due to the possible high dimensionality, discontinuity, and non-convex nature of the input space. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework, **LEVIS**, consisting of **LEVIS-α** and **LEVIS-\b{eta}**. **LEVIS-α** identifies a single, large verifiable ball that intersects at least two boundaries of a bounded region \(\mathcal{C}\), while **LEVIS-\b{eta}** systematically captures the entirety of the verifiable space by integrating multiple verifiable balls. Our contributions include: (1) introducing a verification framework that uses mixed-integer programming (MIP) to compute nearest and directional adversarial points, (2) integrating complementarity-constrained (CC) optimization with a reduced MIP formulation for scalability, achieving up to a 6 times runtime reduction, (3) theoretically characterizing the properties of the verifiable balls obtained by **LEVIS-α**, and (4) validating the approach across applications including electrical power flow regression and image classification, with demonstrated performance gains and geometric insights into the verifiable region.
Access to N-Alkylpyrazin-2-ones via C–O to C–N Rearrangement of Pyrazinyl Ethers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of tosylated 2-alkoxypyrazines with potassium halides led to the unexpected formation of N-alkylated pyrazinones. Such rare example of substitutive C–O → C–N rearrangement on pyrazines was then scrutinised by using various nucleophiles to afford the respective products in moderate to good yields. This method provides a direct access to N-alkylated-1H-pyrazin-2-ones. The formation of the rearranged products is conveniently and reliably determined by characteristic NMR shifts of their heteroaromatic protons.
An experimental study on optical properties of rat viscera after perfusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The experimental results show that after perfusion 1)absorption ratio curve of the segmented intestine and the stomach have the same changing thendency.There is the absorption peak at the wavelength 260nm,420nm and 540nm which is absorption peak of human blood; 2)the reflectance curve of the segmented intestine and the stomach after perfusion have the same changing tendency; 3)the reflectance,transmittance and absorption ration curve and the blood absorption peak of the segmented intestine after perfusion is not too steep and clearer than that of the other rich blood-feeding viscera; 4)To absorption ration of the segmented intestine,an obvious effect or change is produced by perfusion.
Potassium chloride dewetting on micro-pyramid substrate surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The study of evaporation dynamics and wettability of droplet is vital to several important processes in the science and technology sector such as ink-jet printing, selfcleaning, condensation heat transfer and water harvesting. The initial wettability and evaporation characteristic of droplets with dissolved potassium chloride (KCl) on micro-pyramid substrate with pillars are studied by varying the KCl concentration. Octagonal initial wetting areas are formed when the droplets are placed on the substrate. The b/a side ratio of the initial wetting octagon decreases from 0.98 at 0% KCl concentration to 0.94 at 20% KCl concentration. During evaporation, the droplets experience a pinning-depinning transition. The deionized (DI) water undergoes three evaporation stages from the constant contact line (CCL) stage, to the constant contact angle (CCA) stage, and then the mixed stage. However, KCL droplets demonstrate only two stages which are the CCL and CCA stages. The total pinning time and the contact angle at the start of CCA stage increases as the KCl concentration increases. Also, the evaporation rate decreases as the concentration increases. The actual precipitation time and the predicted precipitation time decrease as the KCl concentration increases. Furthermore, the actual precipitation time is longer than the predicted precipitation time which shows that the droplets have reached supersaturation prior to precipitation. For the crystallization process, random crystal appears near the contact lines during the process of evaporation regardless of the concentration, and moves towards the centre as it grows due to the increase in crystal size which is confined between the solid substrate and the droplet free surface. Future studies on the evaporating characteristic on heated and cooled micro-pyramid substrate can be conducted and the precise movement during crystallization can be examined with better imaging techniques. Additionally, the experiment can be carried out with a better deposition technique and in a controlled environment to increase the accuracy.
The Integraton of Graph-Based Knowledge Discovery with Image Segmentation Hierarchies for Data Analysis, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently available pixel-based image analysis techniques do not effectively extract the information content from the increasingly available high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery data. We are exploring an approach to object-based image analysis in which hierarchical image segmentations provided by the Recursive Hierarchical Segmentation (RHSEG) software are analyzed by the Subdue graph-based knowledge-discovery system. In this paper we discuss our initial approach to representing the RHSEG-produced hierarchical image segmentations in a graphical form understandable by Subdue, and discuss results from real and simulated data.
Irisin in myelodysplastic syndromes: connecting inflammation, oncogenesis, and atherogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study aimed to measure irisin level and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and, to unravel their correlations with other variables in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Background Multiple components of the marrow environment and of the MDS cell hierarchy itself can contribute to an inflammatory state which can influence MDS emergence, propagation, and evolution. Irisin is an adipomyokine that is involved.in.the.regulation.of.metabolic.processes.and.also.influences.processes.related.to.inflammation including cancer. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Patients and methods This case–control study was carried out on 40 MDS patients and 40 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum irisin level and CIMT were measured. Results The median irisin level and high-density lipoproteins were significantly lower in MDS patients compared with controls whereas CIMT, fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, homocysteine, and high sensitive C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients than controls. Conclusion Irisin level is significantly lower in patients with MDS where as CIMT is significantly higher in MDS patients compared to controls.
Born migrators: Historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan family Cannabaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dispersal scenarios have been favored over tectonic vicariance as an explanation for disjunct distributions in many plant taxa during the last two decades. However, this argument has been insufficiently addressed in cosmopolitan groups showing disjunct patterns in both the temperate and tropical regions. In this study, we used the Cannabaceae, an angiosperm family distributed in tropical and temperate regions of both the New World and the Old World, to explore the role of dispersal in shaping disjunct patterns and species diversification of cosmopolitan plants. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of all 10 genera and 75 species of Cannabaceae (ca. 64.1% of recognized species) based on eight DNA regions. Based on fossil calibrations, we estimated the divergence times and net diversification rates. We further inferred the ancestral geographical ranges with several models and compared the fitness of different models. The Cannabaceae and most genera were strongly supported as monophyletic except for the Parasponia being embedded within the Trema . The Celtis were resolved into two strongly supported clades primarily corresponding to temperate and tropical regions. We inferred that the Cannabaceae originated at ca. 93 Ma, and that subsequent rampant and widespread dispersals shaped the intercontinentally disjunct distribution of the Cannabaceae. Dispersal coincides with adaptation to drier and colder climate in the Northern Hemisphere, or humid and warm climate in the tropical regions, followed by rapid species diversification. This study advances our understanding as to the formation of distribution patterns and species diversification of a plant family with tropical to temperate disjunct distributions.
DC Breakdown Modulated by Molecular Chains Movements and Trap Characteristics of HDPE/LDPE Blend Insulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyethylene (PE) is an environmentally friendly material, and is generally used as cable insulation materials. This paper mainly researches the coupling effect of dielectric polarization behaviors and traps level characteristics on direct current (DC) electrical breakdown performance of five high density/low density polyethylene (HDPE/LDPE) blends specimens. HDPE/LDPE specimens are prepared by high temperature blending and hot-press forming methods. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and isothermal decay current (IDC) measurements are employed to reveal the dielectric polarization behaviors and traps level characteristics of five HDPE/LDPE specimens. A novel molecular chains movement model is employed to investigate the mechanism of the molecular chains movements in the HDPE/LDPE dielectrics. The breakdown field strength of five HDPE/LDPE specimens reaches maximum when the HDPE content increases to 15 wt%, and then decreases with a further addition of HDPE to 20 wt%. The dielectric relaxation polarization a is attributed to molecular chains movements in HDPE/LDPE blends, and a behavior intensity (Δ ε α ) increases with the HDPE content from 0 to 5 wt%, and then reduces with a further addition of HDPE content to 20 wt%. The molecular chains movements will be strengthened on account of the increase of (Δ ε α ), which provides charges with larger mean free volume to form high energy electrons. The increased traps density raises the possibilities of high energy electrons being captured, and enhance the breakdown performance of the specimen. It is deduced that the DC breakdown properties of HDPE/LDPE blends are influenced by molecular chains movements as well as traps characteristics.