jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bringing Digital Oral History to Luxembourg

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Oral history is a field with a growing digital component and, as with other DH fields, computer-based techniques and systems have revolutionized the way we process and present content. One particular set of activities, which I refer to as Oral History Digital Indexing (OHDI), has been important in shaping new processes and methods for organization, analysis, and curation of digital oral history. I have been directly involved with this work in the United States and am currently working in Luxembourg to explore what aspects of OHDI will be appropriate in Europe. In this presentation I will introduce the organizations, projects, and tools that have helped shape OHDI. Among these projects/products is the Oral History Metadata Synchronizer, or OHMS, which has two important modes of digital indexing for oral histories. One is a transcript synchronization tool and the second an indexing tool, both of which help create multimedia webpages that connect interviews in an audio/video media player with text representations of the content. OHMS and other tools will be highlighted briefly, while emphasizing that no two systems have exactly the same features. One unifying principle behind OHDI tools is that indexing processes, i.e., creating shorter, summarizing text tied to time points in the a/v media, can and should take priority over word-for-word transcription. The indexing concept leads to multiple options for processing, analyzing, and presenting an oral history and OHDI also provides a framework for operating under the inevitable reality that not all digital processing options are feasible to pursue.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON STREPTONIVICIN,1 A NEW ANTIBIOTIC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON STREPTONIVICIN,1 A NEW ANTIBIOTICHerman Hoeksema, James L. Johnson, and Jack W. HinmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 24, 6710–6711Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01629a129https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a129research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Approach to Predicting Urban Expansion by the Urban Scaling Law at a Single-City Scale

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Rapid urban expansion caused by vigorous urban population growth brought up various socioeconomic and eco-environmental problems, which have important ramifications for sustainable development across the world. Along with the accelerated urbanization process, accurate and realistic prediction of urban expansion is of great importance to optimize urban planning and urban development. This study proposed a new hybrid model, which combined the urban scaling law (USL) with the ANN-CA model to predict urban expansion. To employ urban scaling law in the model, we innovatively calculated the law exponent at a single-city scale. Based on USL, we estimated urban land demand in the future by panel data regression. Finally, we added the area constraint and ecological constraint into the ANN-CA model to simulate urban expansion spatially. This frame of urban expansion has been successfully applied in Shenzhen, of which the urban land area would increase from 816.45 km2 in 2020 to 842.48 km2 in 2025. By comparing this model with the traditional prediction method, we proved its effectiveness and accuracy. Besides, we found that the scaling exponent can reflect urbanization level and distinguish overconstructed cities.
The Effect of Glue-line Thickness on Bonded Steel-to-Steel Joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The mono-wire joints composed of cylindrical steel to steel interfaces were used to investigate the effect of glue-line thickness with an epoxy structural adhesive. Compression and tension joints were concentrically constructed and after curing, axially loaded to failure. Nine glue-line thicknesses 0.001 to 0.100 in and five bond lengths were tested. The strongest joints were obtained with the thinnest glue-lines and increases up to 0.060 in diminished the strength by about 32% for both compression and tension specimens. From 0.60 to 0.10 in the joint strength was almost constant. Test results displayed C of V for the joint strength of between 6.89 % and 13.41 %. A relationship was found among mean breaking force, glue-line thickness and bond strength. In general, compression test pieces were slightly stronger than the tension ones.
Association between Helicobacter pylori concentration and the combining frequency of histopathological findings in gastric biopsies specimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent infectious agent worldwide. About 90% of patients with chronic gastritis are infected with this bacterium. Some studies have shown a association between the H. pylori concentration and the scores of gastritis activity and severity. AIM: To evaluate the association between H. pylori concentration and the combining frequency of findings on histopathological examination. METHODS: Two hundred consecutive gastric endoscopic biopsies diagnosed as chronic gastritis were retrospectively investigated. The Warthin-Starry silver stain was used to study H. pylori and the following parameters were assessed (according to the Sydney system): 1. infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells in chorio and epithelium (activity) graded as mild, moderate and marked; 2. presence of lymphoid follicles; 3. presence of intestinal metaplasia; 4. presence of regenerative cell atypias, graded as mild, moderate and marked; and 5. H. pylori concentration on the mucous covering the foveolar epithelium. RESULTS: The most frequent association was chronic gastritis and activity, regardless of H. pylori concentration. The association of five histopathological findings in the same biopsy has not occurred in the cases of higher concentration of H. pylori. CONCLUSION: Our study has not revealed any association between H. pylori concentration and an increasing in the number of histopathological findings found in the gastric mucosa. Since referring to its presence is much more important than to its concentration.
Estrogenic Regulation of Murine Uterine 90-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Murine uterine steady-state protein levels of the 90-kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP90) have been demonstrated recently to be increased by estrogen in a target tissue- and steroid-specific manner (C. Ramachandran, M.G. Catelli, W. Schneider, and G. Shyamala, Endocrinology 123:956-961, 1988). We now report that this regulation occurred with both the HSP86 and HSP84 forms of HSP90 as well as with the 94-kilodalton glucose-regulated protein. At the mRNA level, this response was greatest for HSP86 (15-fold). In contrast, estradiol had no significant effect on HSP70.
Impact of Irrigation Methods, Irrigation Scheduling and Mulching on Seed Yield and Water Productivity of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of irrigation methods and mulching in seed production of chickpea. Irrigation methods included drip with mulch (DM), drip without mulch (DNM) and check basin (CB) irrigation. Drip irrigation was scheduled at 1-day, 2-day and 7 days interval, while farmers’ practice of check basin irrigation at 7-day interval was considered as control. Plant parameters like height, horizontal spread, dry matter, root length and root spread, and number of pods were significantly influenced by irrigation levels and mulch. Seed yield of 17.7 and 16.8 q/ha was recorded for DM having 1-day and 2-day interval, respectively, which was about 82 and 73% higher over the control. The harvest index increased with increasing irrigation interval and was highest (57.4) under treatments with longer irrigation interval (DM7, DNM7 and CB7). Drip irrigation at 1-day and 2-day interval recorded the water productivities of 0.54 and 0.52 kg/m3, respectively as against 0.30 kg/m3 recorded in farmers practice. Polythene mulch with drip irrigation at 2-day irrigation interval is recommended for improving the yields and water productivity of chickpea cultivated under eastern plateau and hill region of India.
“For Zion's Sake I Will Not Rest”: The London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews and its Nineteenth-Century Missionary Periodicals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the Evangelical Revival triggered a new wave of British millenarian expectations and aroused religiously motivated interest in Jews, various religious bodies and individuals envisioned the necessity of Jews' conversion, stimulating countless and restless efforts to evangelize “God's chosen people.” These efforts, organized within the framework of the vast British missionary enterprise, soon became “nothing short of a national project,” to cite Michael Ragussis. This project, dubbed by its critics as “the English madness,” expressed itself in activity of various societies, and missions, in a wide flow of literature and in constantly recurring public debates. The London Society for Promoting Christianity among Jews (abbreviated from here to the London Society or the Society), was probably its most important outcome. Established as a separate missionary enterprise in 1809, it was the oldest and the largest society in field of nineteenth-century British “Jewish missions.” It sent missionaries not only to the Jewish communities in British colonial spaces, but also far beyond. The efforts of the Society to convert Jews are well reflected in its numerous missionary periodicals whose function, form, and language I wish to discuss here.
A patient with sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis(SEP) successfully treated by steroid pulse therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は42歳男性. 1985年1月末期慢性腎不全のため当院にてCAPD療法導入. 以降当院外来通院中であった. 1996年8月15日頃より食後の吐気嘔吐繰り返すようになり食欲低下, 1週間に5kgの体重減少を認めていた. 同21日腹痛排液混濁認め翌22日来院. 細胞数361個/μl, CRP 26.3mg/dl, 白血球14100/μlでありCAPD腹膜炎の診断で緊急入院となった. 入院時理学的所見および画像診断にて硬化性被嚢性腹膜炎 (sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: SEP) と診断し, 禁飲食, 鼻腔胃チューブによる腸閉塞に対する対処とメチルプレドニゾロン1000mgのステロイドパルス療法を施行し腸管癒着の改善と経口摂取可能なまでに回復を認めた. 早急な対応とステロイド療法がSEPに有効であったと考えられここに報告する.
Future directions in the clinical application of multichannel cochlear prostheses [Abstract]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three main areas of work at the University of Melbourne relating to the clinical application of multichannel cochlear prostheses will be discussed. Speech perception results for 40 children and adolescents implanted with the Nucleus multichannel device will be presented with an analysis of potentially predictive clinical factors. Overall results have shown that 60% of the children have developed useful open-set speech recognition ability without visual cues. Due to the improved speech perception for postlinguistically deafened adult cochlear implant patients, the multichannel implant has become a viable alternative for patients with some useful residual hearing. A "bimodal" speech processor which provides acoustic output for the residual hearing ear and electrical output for the cochlear implant will also be discussed. This device provides a flexible, programmable acoustic processor which can make use of feature coding aspects of the implant processing. The "bimodal" device has also addressed problems of incompatibility of the implant signal with the acoustic signal from conventional hearing aids. Results for the new "Spectral Maxima Speech Processor" (SMSP) will also be presented. The SMSP has shown improved speech perception performance in quiet and in noise when compared with the MSP (MULTIPEAK) system, currently in use with the Nucleus device. Results for four subjects with the SMSP showed mean scores of 57.4% for open-set monosyllabic words in quiet, and 78.7% for open-set sentences in a 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio
Intervalley scattering in monolayer MoS2probed by non-equilibrium optical techniques

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here we study the exciton valley relaxation dynamics in atomically thin MoS2 by non-equilibrium optical techniques. A spin polarized excitons population is selectively created in a single valley by circularly polarized ultrashort laser pulses resonant with the optical gap, while the subsequent decay of the valley polarization is measured as a rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam due to a transient Faraday effect. We show that the photoinduced valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 is quenched after few ps due to an efficient intervalley scattering channel and it displays a peculiar bi-exponential behavior. This rapid time scale is in a good agreement with an intervalley scattering mechanism mediated by an electron-hole exchange interaction. Moreover time resolved circular dichroism experiments performed in the same experimental condition confirms the fast valley relaxation dynamics observed with transient Faraday rotation technique.
Islamic Family Law: Progress in Pakistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Maulana Ihtisham-ul-Haq thus forcefully expressed his dissent from the proposals of his colleagues on a Commission set up in 1955 in Pakistan to consider possible reform of the traditional Islamic law of the family and particularly of the position of women. A brief account of the contemporary state of Islamic law will serve to explain this. The twin pillars of patriarchy—polygamy and unilateral repudiation by the husband—had been the unshakeable supports of the structure of Islamic family law for more than thirteen centuries. Divergence of doctrine is an outstanding characteristic of Sharfi'a law and one inherent in its very nature. The Syrian Law of Personal Status, 1953, required the consent of the court for a second marriage, and such consent was only to be given where the husband could establish his financial ability to support his co-wives adequately. In short, therefore, the Ordinance continues the particular tradition of Anglo-Muhammadan law.
Ventricular tachycardia due to cardiac ischaemia: assessment by exercise electrocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although ventricular tachycardia is a well-known complication of myocardial ischaemia and may be provoked by exercise, many patients may appreciate only the angina and be unaware of the unduly rapid heart rate that precipitates it. Exercise testing is needed to show this arrhythmia and to enable treatment to be started. Twenty-three patients were found to have chronic ischaemic heart disease complicated by ventricular tachycardia. Six patients with old myocardial infarction had ventricular tachycardia at rest which required conversion to sinus rhythm; 17 patients developed ventricular tachycardia only when they exercised. In 12 of these 17 patients coronary angiography showed disease of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery; other vessels were usually also affected. Although beta-adrenergic blocking drugs increased exercise tolerance, ventricular tachycardia still occurred when the heart rate on exercise reached a level similar to that before treatment. In five patients coronary artery bypass surgery was performed because of angina and exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia. Exercise tolerance was increased in all three patients who underwent exercise tests after operation, and in two of these patients, both of whom were known to have patent grafts, ventricular tachycardia was abolished. If part of the beneficial effect of coronary bypass surgery is preventing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias it is essential to detect these, and ambulatory monitoring and stress testing have a complementary role.
Analysis of high-dimensional Gaussian labeled–unlabeled mixture model via message-passing algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning methodology that leverages unlabeled data in conjunction with a limited amount of labeled data. Although SSL has been applied in various applications and its effectiveness has been empirically demonstrated, it is still not fully understood when and why SSL performs well. Several existing theoretical studies have attempted to address this issue by modeling classification problems using the so-called Gaussian mixture model (GMM). These studies provide notable and insightful interpretations. However, their analyses are focused on specific purposes, and a thorough investigation of the properties of GMM in the context of SSL has been lacking. In this paper, we conduct a detailed analysis of the properties of the high-dimensional GMM for binary classification in the SSL setting. To this end, we employ the approximate message-passing and state evolution methods, which are widely used in high-dimensional settings and originate from statistical mechanics. We deal with two estimation approaches: the Bayesian one and the ℓ 2 -regularized maximum likelihood estimation (RMLE). We conduct a comprehensive comparison of these two approaches, examining aspects such as the global phase diagram, estimation error for the parameters, and prediction error for the labels. A specific comparison is made between the Bayes-optimal (BO) estimator and RMLE, as the BO setting provides the optimal estimation performance and is ideal as a benchmark. Our analysis shows that with appropriate regularizations, RMLE can achieve a near-optimal performance in terms of both the estimation error and prediction error, especially when there is a large amount of unlabeled data. These results demonstrate that the ℓ 2 regularization term plays an effective role in estimation and prediction in SSL approaches.
Jobs and Freedom Now! Functional Finance, Full Employment, and the Freedom Budget

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Forty-five years ago, the A. Philip Randolph Institute issued “The Freedom Budget,” in which a program for economic transformation was proposed that included a job guarantee for everyone ready and willing to work, a guaranteed income for those unable to work or those who should not be working, and a living wage to lift the working poor out of poverty. Such policies were supported by a host of scholars, civic leaders, and institutions, including the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; indeed, they provided the cornerstones for King's “Poor Peoples’ Campaign” and “economic bill of rights.” This paper proposes a “New Freedom Budget” for full employment based on the principles of functional finance. To counter a major obstacle to such a policy program, the paper includes a “primer” on three paradigms for understanding government budget deficits and the national debt: the deficit hawk, deficit dove, and functional finance perspectives. Finally, some of the benefits of the job guarantee are outlined, including the ways in which the program may serve as a vehicle for a variety of social policies.
Salutogenic presence supports a healthpromoting work life

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many employees of the Norwegian municipal health services retire beforereaching retirement age. In Norway, initiatives to retain health care workers are part of a broad strategy to retain older workers in all occupations and professions. The study is explorative and qualitative. It explores older workers’ (50 +) perceptions of presence and work-related well-being. Multi-stage focus groups, individual in-depth interviews, and qualitative content analyses were carried out. To promote presence, it must be understood as somewhat more than the opposite of absence. Salutogenic presence has four characteristics: Sense of usefulness; Relational quality: wanting the best for each other; Mastery; Zest for work. Experiencing and exploring the characteristics of presence in the workplace stimulate salutogenic presence and build health-promoting working life for seniors. A leader's role is to facilitate the process and to acknowledge the characteristics.
Concurrent Superselective Intra-arterial Chemoradiotherapy for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Maxillary Sinus and Upper Gingiva Involving the Maxillary Sinus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Concurrent superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (SIACRT), a combination of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC), is a new therapeutic strategy for advanced squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck. We have been applying SIACRT for SCC of the maxillary sinus and upper gingiva since 2008 and present herein the outcomes at our hospital. SIACRT was applied in 10 cases between 2009 and 2012, 7 males and 3 females with an age-range of 57 to 81. An intra-arterial micro-catheter was inserted into a feeding artery of the tumor super-selectively using Seldinger’s method. Cisplatin (CDDP) was injected into the tumor intra-arterially through the catheter at a rate of 5 mg per minute. At the same time sodium thiosulfate (STS) was intravenously administered at 200-fold the dose of CDDP in a molar quantity to reduce the toxicity of the CDDP. Irradiation was started on the same day. Five-day-continuous intravenous administration of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was started the next day. CDDP and 5FU were administered in the same way four weeks later. The total dose of irradiation was 50 to 60 Gy. In eight cases, the protocol was applied correctly, and these patients showed complete response (CR) and survived without disease for more than 15 months. In two cases, the patient dropped out of the protocol, resulting in partial response (PR). Of these cases, one refused the 2nd administration of SIAC and in the other two courses of SIAC followed by SIACRT were administered. In two of the eight CR cases, the application of SIACRT eliminated metastatic lymph node tumors.
Instruction for Use (IFU) for All Diag PALUTOP+4 OPTIMA® (version 10, 03/07/2012).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>The possibility of a mixed infection of <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> with <i>P</i>. <i>ovale</i> and/or <i>P</i>. <i>malariae</i> was not clearly mentioned in the IFU (not included in “8.1 Test results”, but further under “Test limits”).</p>