jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lack of Estrin Concentration in Adenofibroma of the Mammary Gland in Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the incidence and growth of adenofibroma of the mammary gland are known to be affected by the ovarian hormones, the observation of Geschickter and Lewis (1–5) that this tumor may contain large amounts of estrogenic and gonadotropic hormones is of fundamental interest. They suggest that since adenofibroma is composed of the elements normally stimulated by estrin, namely the ducts and periductal connective tissue, the growth of the tumor may be secondary to an ability of a local area of the mammary gland to concentrate estrin within itself. If it could be established that in the tumor there are constantly present larger amounts of estrin than in the other tissues of the same individual, this would constitute a unique physiological phenomenon of great interest to students of neoplastic disease.

Geschickter and Lewis are careful to point out that the variation in their results makes it impossible to draw any definite conclusions except that “the hormones found (estrogenic and gonadotropic) are in all probability concerned in the physiology of the tumor.” Their values for estrin in human adenofibromas varied from 200 to 18,000 rat units per kilo, dry weight. Unfortunately, no normal tissues from the same individuals were assayed for control. However, assay of a normal premenstrual uterus revealed 3000 rat units of estrin per kilo, while normal breasts yielded 0–6000 rat units per kilo. A rat adenofibroma gave a level of 2000 rat units per kilo, while normal rat mammary tissue was stated to give a negative result. Since, however, the amount and source of the mammary tissue were not given, this comparison is without value.

Doubt as to the presence of actual concentration of hormone in these tumors was voiced by Frank et al. (6), who found similar amounts of estrin in normal uterus and psoas muscle (800–8000 rat units per kilo). No confirmation of Geschickter and Lewis' findings has yet appeared except for the finding by Heiman and Krehbiel (7) of 1 rat unit per gram fresh weight of a rat adenofibroma. The latter authors, however, did not assay control tissue, though they assumed that the level of estrin in the body was not excessive since the estrous cycle was normal.
Performance Analysis of Energy Harvesting-Based Smart Grid Dynamic HAN With SSK Modulation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This letter analyzes the performance of a dynamic home area network (HAN) for smart grid communication using space shift keying modulation and energy harvesting. HAN plays a vital role in communication between home appliances and smart meters. The network considered here is with the multiple numbers of transmitting antennas at each home appliance and a single receiving antenna at the smart meter, which operates under the Saleh-Valenzuela channel. The average bit error probability performance of the indoor HAN with wireless power communication is derived in closed form by implementing the multi-user selection combining method. The numerical results and simulation results are presented to illustrate the impact of energy harvesting on system performance.
Medication-Psychotherapy Combination Most Effective for Schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Can we talk? asks a recovering patient who chastises psychiatry for too readily dismissing patients with her diagnosis as unable to benefit from talking therapy (A Recovering Patient, 1986). With managed care administrators quick to seize upon a lack of outcome data as a pretext for limiting treatment and a public mental health system pressed to handle caseloads as high as 200 to 300 patients per clinician, psychiatry's regrettable answer has often been: No, we're too busy. Recent research findings, however, convincingly demonstrate that a flexible form of individual psychotherapy, when combined with appropriate neuroleptic medication, can yield improvements in social and vocational functioning unobtainable with treatments as usual.
Solving multiprocessor scheduling problem with GEO metaheuristic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a solution of the multiprocessor scheduling problem based on applying a relatively new metaheuristic called generalized extremal optimization (GEO). GEO is inspired by a simple coevolutionary model known as Bak-Sneppen model. The model assumes existing of an ecosystem consisting of N species. Evolution in this model is driven by a process in which the weakest species in the ecosystem, together with its nearest neighbors is always forced to mutate. This process shows characteristic of a phenomenon called a punctuated equilibrium which is observed in evolutionary biology. We interpret the multiprocessor scheduling problem in terms of the Bak-Sneppen model and apply the GEO algorithm to solve the problem. We show that the proposed optimization technique is simple and yet outperforms both genetic algorithm (GA)-based and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm-based approaches to the multiprocessor scheduling problem.
School and university in the mirror of Soviet and Russian cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relevance of the book topic is highlighted by the following reasons: audiovisual media (cinematography, television, and the internet) are effective means of affecting the audience, especially school children and youth (due to their age peculiarities and a high degree of their media contacts); in recent decades Russian schools and universities have significantly been altered and reformed and are still the focal point of vigorous debates; consequently, the analysis of school and university topic transformation in the mirror of Soviet & Russian audiovisual media texts is highly topical nowadays both for culture studies, film studies and media education.
The research material of this book is audiovisual media texts about school and university; the authors use a comparative hermeneutic analysis of audiovisual media texts relating to the topic (including stereotypes analysis, ideological analysis, identification analysis, iconographic analysis, narrative analysis of media texts, media text’s character analysis, etc.), anthropological and gender analyses.
For researchers in the field of cinematography, pedagogy, cultural studies, media culture, sociology, political science, for teachers, post-graduate students and university students of humanitarian specialties.
Retention and Attrition Factors of Nonreturning Students at Utah State University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors which affected the decision of students not to return to Utah State University after completion of the previous quarter. The factors were determined by a mailed questionnaire which was a modification of the Withdrawing/ Nonreturning Student Survey developed by American College Testing (ACT). One hundred twenty-two former Utah State University students who had attended fall quarter, 1979 but failed to register for winter quarter were randomly chosen for the study. The students were asked to complete the questionnaire and return it to Utah State University. The return rate through the mail was low and many were completed over the telephone. The results indicated that full-time employment, financial difficulties, marital plans, and the decision to attend a different college or university were the factors cited most frequently as reasons for not returning to Utah State University. A recommendation was made for the staff members who work with freshmen to be made aware of the large numbers of these students who do not return to Utah State University. It was also suggested that the distribution system for financial aids be reviewed to determine the most effective utilization of their resources for retention of students. Also, Utah State University may want to explore the special needs of out-of-state students with regard to social life. A study which further investigates the attrition rates of graduate students was recommended.
A Hypothalamic Mechanism Regulates the Duration of a Migraine Attack: Insights from Microstructural and Temporal Complexity of Cortical Functional Networks Analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The role of the hypothalamus and the limbic system at the onset of a migraine attack has recently received significant interest. We analyzed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters of the entire hypothalamus and its subregions in 15 patients during a spontaneous migraine attack and in 20 control subjects. We also estimated the non-linear measure resting-state functional MRI BOLD signal’s complexity using Higuchi fractal dimension (FD) and correlated DTI/fMRI findings with patients’ clinical characteristics. In comparison with healthy controls, patients had significantly altered diffusivity metrics within the hypothalamus, mainly in posterior ROIs, and higher FD values in the salience network (SN). We observed a positive correlation of the hypothalamic axial diffusivity with migraine severity and FD of SN. DTI metrics of bilateral anterior hypothalamus positively correlated with the mean attack duration. Our results show plastic structural changes in the hypothalamus related to the attacks severity and the functional connectivity of the SN involved in the multidimensional neurocognitive processing of pain. Plastic changes to the hypothalamus may play a role in modulating the duration of the attack.
Up And Down And Along: How We Interact With Curvature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Non-flat interactive displays have one very distinct property that differs from the touch displays we use on tablets or smartphones: the spatial structure that defines their non-flatness. In this paper, we investigate one specific class of spatial structure – planes bent in one dimension with both concave and convex curvature. We study horizontal pointing and dragging along those bends to see how it differs from flat displays. Structure can also enable new interactions that have not been possible with flat displays, e.g. perceivable vertical dragging across a horizontal structure. Overall, we found that accuracy of interaction as well as subjective preference can be increased, and that the new interactions can enhance existing direct touch control.
Crack-free alumina hard coatings through a sol-gel method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Alumina has been used as a coating material in industry for decades, due to its superior corrosion resistance and excellent wear resistance. Previous researches introduced different deposition methods for alumina coatings, including ion beam reactive sputtering [1], electron beam evaporation deposition and high power impulse magnetron sputtering[2]. Compared with these coating methods that require expensive equipment, the sol-gel method offers a much simpler and cheaper route for large scale and crack-free alumina coatings. This project investigated three different precursor solutions (Al(NO3)3·9H2O in acetylacetone, Al(NO3)3·9H2O in ethylene glycol, and aluminium hydroxide colloids in water) for the sol-gel process, in order to obtain crack-free alumina films on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glass. Experiments showed both acetylacetone (acac)-based Al(NO3)3·9H2O solution and ethylene glycol (EG)-based Al(NO3)3·9H2O solution were capable to fabricate crack-free alumina films on ITO glass, as evidenced by scanning electron microscope observation. In comparison, the conventional way to deposit alumina films with aluminium hydroxide colloids was not suitable for crack-free high quality alumina films, as the particle size of the aluminium hydroxide in the colloids is around 500 nm. The hardness of those coated ITO glass samples is improved by around 11% compare to those samples without alumina coatings (bare ITO), indicating the effectiveness of the sol-gel process using EG and acac-based Al(NO3)3·9H2O solutions.
Mouse simulated scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data for IsoDiffR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The dataset was generated using the following five-step pipeline: Annotation: A subset of GENCODE vM26, retaining only the isoforms used for simulation. All non-simulated isoforms were removed. Ground Truth: Predefined isoform-level differential expression labels (Sim_quantification_labels_rep*.csv) used to guide expression simulation. Read Simulation: PacBio-like long reads (0.5M–2M reads per replicate, 1.6% total error rate) generated using IsoSegSim. Quantification: Transcript-level read counts obtained by running IsoQuant on the simulated reads. Single-Cell Matrices: Expression matrices generated from the quantification results, simulating datasets with 100, 300, and 1000 cells.
Hybrid second order sliding mode control of constrained manipulators with frictional contact

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the hybrid position/force control of constrained manipulators subjected to uncertainties and disturbances of various nature, including Coulomb friction. The proposed solution is based on sliding-mode control theory, which has been shown to be highly effective in counteracting uncertainties and disturbances for some classes of uncertain nonlinear systems. Specific drawbacks presented by the classical sliding mode techniques are the chattering phenomenon and the algebraic coupling between constraint forces and possibly discontinuous control signals. Both these problems are addressed in the paper by exploiting the robustness properties of second-order sliding-mode control algorithms. A specific algorithm of this kind, recently developed by the authors, is proven to be effective also when the dynamic equation of the system includes discontinuous disturbances.
Are Obstetricians And Gynaecologists In Singapore In Favor Of Stem Cell Research And Cloning?: A Survey Of Their Views

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To study the views of obstetricians and gynaecologists in Singapore on stem cell research and cloning. Method: A postal survey of local practising obstetrics & gynaecology (O&G) specialists conducted in December 2001. Results: A total 62 (28.6%) of the 217 O&G specialists surveyed, responded within 3 weeks from the time of posting. The majority was in favour of animal cloning (71.0%), adult stem cell research (88.7%) and embryonal germ stem cell research (from aborted fetuses) (67.7%). Opinions were about equally divided with regards to embryonic stem cell research (early embryo <14 days) (46.8% in favour) and therapeutic cloning (50.0% in favour). Only a minority was in favour of reproductive cloning (8.1%). Specialists who had conscientious objection to participate in treatment to terminate pregnancy under Termination of Pregnancy Act of Singapore, were more conservative as were female O&G specialists. Though more liberal in their views on most aspects, senior specialists were inclined to be conservative on reproductive cloning. Regression analysis showed with statistical significance, that the specialists who were not conscientious objectors were more supportive on therapeutic cloning, and embryonic stem cell research. Conscientious objector status was more influential than sex or seniority status in determining the view on therapeutic cloning and embryonic stem cell research. Conclusion: There was a diversity of views among obstetricians and gynaecologists in Singapore. There was strong support for animal cloning and adult stem cell research but support for embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning was equivocal. The majority was against reproductive cloning.
Divine Enticement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Theology usually appears to us to be dogmatic, judgmental, condescending, maybe therapeutic, or perhaps downright fantastical-but seldom enticing. Divine Enticement takes as its starting point that the meanings of theological concepts are not so much logical, truth-valued propositions-affirmative or negative-as they are provocations and evocations. Thus it argues for the seductiveness of both theology and its subject-for, in fact, infinite seduction and enticement as the very sense of theological query. The divine name is one by which we are drawn toward the limits of thought, language, and flesh. The use of language in such conceptualization calls more than it designates. This is not a flaw or a result of vagueness or imprecision in theological language but rather marks the correspondence of such language to its subject: that which, outside of or at the limit of our thought, draws us as an enticement to desire, not least to intellectual desire. Central to the text is the strange semiotics of divine naming, as a call on that for which there cannot be a standard referent. The entanglement of sign and body, not least in interpretations of the Christian incarnation, both grounds and complicates the theological abstractions. A number of traditional notions in Christian theology are reconceived here as enticements, modes of drawing the desires of both body and mind: faith as "thinking with assent"; sacraments as "visible words" read in community; ethics as responsiveness to beauty; prayer as the language of address; scripture as the story of meaning-making. All of these culminate in a sense of a call to and from the purely possible, the open space into which we can be enticed, within which we can be divinely enticing
Design and fabrication of ultra-small GaAs Schottky barrier diodes for low-noise tetrahertz receiver applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The optimization of GaAs Schottky barrier mixer diodes for use in heterodyne receivers in the frequency range from 1-3 THz is investigated. The principal design rules are: (1) the substrate doping must be as high as possible to minimize series resistance; (2) the diode cutoff frequency must be increased as much as possible, which requires a small anode diameter and a higher epilayer doping density than has previously been used; and (3) the diode's RF impedance must be made to match the impedance of the corner cube antenna, which requires a low junction capacitance. To achieve these goals, a nominal epilayer doping density of 5*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, an anode diameter of 0.5 mu m, and the most highly doped substrate available (4.5*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/) were used. The diodes were fabricated with UV lithography and reactive ion etching. The resulting figure-of-merit cutoff frequency (10.6 THz) and zero-bias junction capacitance (0.4-0.5 fF) are both state of the art. The diodes have been RF-tested at 1.5 THz and yielded significant improvements in receiver sensitivity and reduced LO (local oscillator) power requirements.< >
Segmentation of Crops and Weeds Using Supervised Learning Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, segmentation of weeds and crops has been investigated by using supervised learning based on feed forward neural network. The images have been taken from the satellite imaginary for a specified region on the geographical space in Pakistan and perform edge detection by classical image processing scheme. The obtained samples are classified by data mining, based on artificial neural network model based on linear activation function at the input and output layer while threshold ramp function at hidden layer. A scenario based results are obtained at a huge samples of the weeds of the corn field and crop in the form of the mean square error based fitness evaluation function. The given scheme has the perks on the existed schemes as applicability of the designed framework, ease in implementation and less hardware needed for implementation.
Generalized molecular orbital theory: Ground state and ionization potentials of water and dinitrogen

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Generalized molecular orbital (GMO) theory is a limited multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) procedure, which provides a simple means of obtaining a set of optimized primary orbitals for use in configuration interaction (CI) calculations. Results for the ground states of H2O and N2 show that the most important GMO orbitals are nearly identical to the natural orbitals from large CI calculations. For H2O, our GMO-CI correlation energy is only 4 mhartrees less than that obtained from an identical CI with the most important natural orbitals. The GMO theory for doublet states provides a facile means of obtaining accurate ionization potentials (IPS) from small CI calculations (30–60 configurations). For the first three IPS of H2O the error is less than 0.5 eV while for the first two IPS of N2 the error is less than 0.1 eV.
NK cells require both inhibitory and activation Ly49 receptors to mediate MHC I Dk-dependent MCMV resistance.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The MHC class I molecule, Dk, is a key genetic factor of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) resistance. NK cells expressing the C57L-derived inhibitory receptor Ly49G2 (G2) mediate Dk-dependent MCMV control, however, a precise in vivo role for activation receptors has not been delineated. We studied a role for activation receptors in Dk-disparate B6.NKCc57l congenic mice by injecting neutralizing mAbs prior to infection. We found that only Ly49R (R) blockade specifically, and completely, abrogated host resistance. R+ NK cells had a differentiated phenotype (CD27−, CD11b+, KLRG1+, DNAM1−) and displayed higher granzyme B during MCMV infection, in comparison to R− NK cells. R+ G2+ NK cells responding to MCMV also showed higher proliferative potential and cytokine responsiveness compared to R+ G2− NK cells. To further interrogate the role of these NK cell subsets in vivo, we exploited differences in expression of Nkrp1 (NK1.1) and Ly49 receptor alleles in our NKC congenic mouse strains. Endogenous NK cells in H-2 matched host B6.Dk mice were either selectively depleted with mAb PK136 (NK1.1) or neutralized with mAb 3D10 (a-Ly49H), rendering them susceptible to MCMV infection, prior to adoptive transfer of donor B6.NKCc57l NK cells. We found that responding donor NK cells were mostly R+ G2+ and actively expanding in contrast to R+ G2− NK cells. Ongoing adoptive transfer experiments with sorted NK cell populations suggest MCMV control coincides with donor R+ G2+ NK cells. We are continuing to investigate how inhibitory Ly49 receptors modify NK cell responsiveness via activation Ly49 receptors. We infer from these data that inhibitory and activation Ly49 receptors work in tandem to deliver specific NK cell-dependent virus control.
Employer demand for language skills in the Auckland workforce: A Follow-up study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on a follow-up study to Erlam and Pimentel-Hellier (2016). This subsequent study investigated the extent and profiling of demand for jobs requiring language skills other than English language skills, in the Auckland area, on two online platforms, Seek and Trade Me jobs. Data were collected over a 6 week period from December to February, 2016/17. Results show that approximately 7% (estimated to represent around 1000 jobs) of the employment opportunities investigated asked for skills in a language other than English. The paper presents reasons for why this figure might under-represent actual opportunities. As in Erlam and Pimentel-Hellier (2016), the greatest demand in this follow-up study was for Mandarin/Cantonese and for te reo Māori language skills. The demand for language skills where the language was not specified suggests that employers might value the skill set that accompanies the ability to speak more than one language. For more than half of the positions advertised previous employment experience was the only specified requirement, although around a quarter asked for an undergraduate qualification.