jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Character association for yield and yield contributing traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to assess the correlation coefficient among thirty genotypes for ten yield and yield contributing characters in cowpea using randomized block design with three replications. The present investigation on study of character association for yield and yield contributing traits in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) was carried out in the year 2015-2016. The experiment was executed in the Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture. The yield and yield attributing traits like days to first flower, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant were recorded. The result on phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that seed yield per plant has positive correlation with days to first flowering (rg 0.192; rph 0.50), plant height (rg 0.273; rph 0.178), number of branches per plant (rg 0.454; rph 0.223), number of clusters per plant (rg 0.456;rph 0.405), number of pods per cluster (rg 0.594;rph 0.410), pod length (rg 0.045; rph 0.010), number of seeds per pod (rg 0.326; rph 0.295), number of pods per plant (rg 0.605; rph 0.525) and hundred seed weight (rg 0.200; rph 0.194 From the study it was concluded that the genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation indicating the preponderance of genetic variance in the expression of different characters. The positive and significant association of yield contributing characters with seed yield per plant revealed the possibilities of simultaneous improvement of these traits by selection. This in turn will improve the seed yield.
Variable protein expression in marine-derived filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum in response to varying copper concentrations and salinity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Copper is one of the essential trace dietary minerals for all living organisms, but is potentially toxic at higher concentrations, mainly due to the redox reactions in its transition state. Tolerance of microbes towards copper is primarily attributed to chelation and biosorption. In this study, marine-derived filamentous fungi were evaluated for their ability to remove Cu(ii) from a culture medium. Further, the cellular response of a select isolate to salinity stress (0, 35 and 100 PSU) and Cu(ii) stress (0, 100, and 500 ppm) was studied using the peptide mass fingerprinting technique, which revealed expression of 919 proteins, of which 55 proteins were commonly expressed across all conditions. Housekeeping proteins such as citrate synthase, pyruvate carboxylase, ribosomal proteins, ATP synthases, and more were expressed across all conditions. Reactive oxygen species scavenging proteins such as glutaredoxin, mitochondrial peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins were expressed under Cu(ii) and salinity stresses individually as well as in combination. Up-regulation of glutaredoxin under Cu(ii) stress with fold change values of 18.3 and 13.9 under 100 ppm and 500 ppm of Cu(ii) indicated active scavenging of free radicals to combat oxidative damage. The common mechanisms reported were enzymatic scavenging of free radicals, activation of DNA damage and repair proteins and probable intracellular metal chelation. This indicated multiple stress mechanisms employed by the isolate to combat the singular and synergistic effects of Cu(ii) and salinity stress.
Children's Cognitive Changes Following Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Impaired cognitive functioning after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has been described in adults, but children's cognitive recovery following Pediatric ARDS (PARDS) remains unclear.Adult cognitive dysfunction is both acute, delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU), and also chronic following hospital discharge.This abstract aims to describe the pattern of delirium and longer term neurocognitive function in children following PARDS.Methods: This is a single center, prospective cohort study of PARDS survivors enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial related to ICU mechanical ventilator management (REDVent R01HL124666).Patients were screened daily for delirium with the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD; score of > 9 indicates delirium).Children ages 6-18 years old without significant developmental delay or neurologic injury completed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) 3, 12, and 24 months-post ICU discharge to assess neurocognitive function.The WISC-V reports a total score of cognitive function and subdomains due to the possibility of deficits in specific areas.WISC-V subdomains are:-Verbal Comprehension -Visual-Spatial-Fluid Reasoning-Working Memory-Processing Speed.For each domain/subdomain, the normative mean is 100 with a SD of 15.One SD below the mean was considered abnormal for analysis.Results: Eighteen pediatric patients with a median age of 10 years (range = 6-18), 50% female, 56% Hispanic completed the WISC-V across 30 assessments.The median PICU length of stay was 13.4 days (7.5, 18.4) and the median length of ventilation was 6.2 days (3.6, 16.9).At ICU discharge, 72.2% of patients were classified as "Normal" on the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC).Delirium screening demonstrated an incidence of 94% (17/18 patients); 89% (16/18 patients) were delirious for more than 50% of their days in the ICU.Cognitive testing revealed significant abnormalities (> 1SD below the normative mean) in many children across time points; see table 1. Discussion: Delirium assessments and neuropsychological testing demonstrated significant acute and longer term cognitive dysfunction in PARDS survivors.However, according to physicians' ratings on the PCPC scale, they believed the majority of patients had normal cognitive functioning at time of ICU discharge.This discrepancy indicates physicians' current assumptions and evaluations may not capture nuances in children's cognitive impairment.Continued enrollment will increase our understanding of children's cognitive function after PARDS and potentially inform additional care they require after discharge.
Outrunning damage: Electrons vs X-rays—timescales and mechanisms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Toward the end of his career, Zewail developed strong interest in fast electron spectroscopy and imaging, a field to which he made important contributions toward his aim of making molecular movies free of radiation damage. We therefore compare here the atomistic mechanisms leading to destruction of protein samples in diffract-and-destroy experiments for the cases of high-energy electron beam irradiation and X-ray laser pulses. The damage processes and their time-scales are compared and relevant elastic, inelastic, and photoelectron cross sections are given. Inelastic mean-free paths for ejected electrons at very low energies in insulators are compared with the bioparticle size. The dose rate and structural damage rate for electrons are found to be much lower, allowing longer pulses, reduced beam current, and Coulomb interactions for the formation of smaller probes. High-angle electron scattering from the nucleus, which has no parallel in the X-ray case, tracks the slowly moving nuclei during the explosion, just as the gain of the XFEL (X-ray free-electron laser) has no parallel in the electron case. Despite reduced damage and much larger elastic scattering cross sections in the electron case, leading to not dissimilar elastic scattering rates (when account is taken of the greatly increased incident XFEL fluence), progress for single-particle electron diffraction is seen to depend on the effort to reduce emittance growth due to Coulomb interactions, and so allow formation of intense sub-micron beams no larger than a virus.
Static and Dynamic Collision Avoidance for Autonomous Robot Navigation in Diverse Scenarios Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an efficient robot training method to navigate environments with static and dynamic obstacles and reach their goal autonomously using deep rein-forcement learning algorithms. Previous methods have focused on specific scenarios, such as crowded environments. However, in practice, the variety of scenarios with static and dynamic obstacles tends to make the real robotic system fail or be restricted. In this work, the training is performed in six scenarios per episode, whereas traditional methods only consider one scenario. Several neural networks are trained and compared based on the following metrics: success rate, collision rate, uncomfortable rate, travel time, and average travel distance. In addition, we conducted Gazebo simulations using ROS and experimental tests across four scenarios to demonstrate that our approach has a better performance compared to previous studies. The results show a greatly enhanced robot's ability to act in various situations, as shown in the following link: https://youtu.be/mvkMFZjlaQo
Effects of Super Absorbent Polymer on Vertical Water Infiltration and Moisture Content in Aeolian Sandy Soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Super absorbent polymer(SAP)can be used to exploit aeolian sandy soil and improve its quality effectively.The effects of blending SAP to a given depth(5—7cm)in aeolian sandy soil on vertical infiltration were studied by measuring the four parameters of vertical infiltration rate,accumulated infiltration quantity,lasting time of suck permeability and permeability coefficient.After the infiltration experiment,soil moisture content in different layers was measured to determine the vertical moisture distribution.Results indicated that the vertical infiltration rates of SAP-treated soils were always less than that of untreated soil,accumulated infiltration quantities were increased by about 42%,lasting times of suck permeability were elongated by134%~390%,and permeability coefficients were decreased by 65%~85%in three different SAP-treated soils.Increase in SAP concentration further accelerated the changes of the four parameters.There was also a conspicuous change in vertical moisture distribution:the moisture content of blending-layer was increased by52%~178%;and it was also increased in the upper soil layer,but decreased in the lower soil layer.The effects of SAP on the vertical infiltration and moisture content of aeolian sandy soil were very notable.
Performance of COFDM for multimedia transmission on the personal communication channel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing as a means of transmitting multimedia information on personal communication channels, modelled using the COST 207 power-delay profiles. We find analytical expressions for the interference terms due to multipath dispersion and conclude that, for the optimum choice of code and guard interval, data rates of 3.5 Mbit/s or more are achievable, even on a bad urban channel.
Acute epiglottiditis requiring tracheostomy in an adult.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

50 mg twice daily was started in April 1976 after urine sterilisation.No side effects were noted, and his renal function remained normal.However, 10 weeks later he developed crystalluria, with small irregular bright purple crystals, despite an excellent fluid intake.After two days the crystals blocked his Silastic urinary catheter and he required repeated bladder lavage.Nitrofurantoin, his only medication during the 10 weeks, was stopped, and the crystalluria disappeared within four days.Analysis showed a sterile urine with acidity 12 x 103 nmol/l (pH 4-9).The crystals showed solubilities typical of nitrofurantoin, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry2 identified substantial quantities of nitrofurantoin in the crystals, with calcium and magnesium also present.
Statistical Platform for Individualized Behavioral Analyses Using Biophysical Micro-Movement Spikes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wearable biosensors, such as those embedded in smart phones, can provide data to assess neuro-motor control in mobile settings, at homes, schools, workplaces and clinics. However, because most machine learning algorithms currently used to analyze such data require several steps that depend on human heuristics, the analyses become computationally expensive and rather subjective. Further, there is no standardized scale or set of tasks amenable to take advantage of such technology in ways that permit broad dissemination and reproducibility of results. Indeed, there is a critical need for fully objective automated analytical methods that easily handle the deluge of data these sensors output, while providing standardized scales amenable to apply across large sections of the population, to help promote personalized-mobile medicine. Here we use an open-access data set from Kaggle.com to illustrate the use of a new statistical platform and standardized data types applied to smart phone accelerometer and gyroscope data from 30 participants, performing six different activities. We report full distinction without confusion of the activities from the Kaggle set using a single parameter (linear acceleration or angular speed). We further extend the use of our platform to characterize data from commercially available smart shoes, using gait patterns within a set of experiments that probe nervous systems functioning and levels of motor control.
Hordeum vulgare L. AGG 400677 BARL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.
Common name(s): Barley
Other names: D461
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 400677 BARL
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1987-01-01
Other identifiers: n/a,CIho 5573, n/a,PI 94883, n/a,VDB 2256.1
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Zoonoses Control in Africa: Measures to Enhance Involvement through Application of Community-Based Intelligence Gathering

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many of the zoonosis control measures adopted in Africa over the years have not been entirely successful because of neglect of some socioecological factors which are crucial and peculiar to Africa. This study seeks ways to enhance control of zoonosis by adopting a pattern of research and implementation that incorporates socioecological factors and community-based intelligence gathering of data in Africa. A literature search using established data sources: PubMed and Scopus, scooping review to get information on the previous measures used for zoonosis control. It was seen that previous research was inclined more to problem identification than to an evidence-based problem-solving approach. It was also observed that East and Southern Africa are at the forefront of zoonoses and One Health research in Africa, while West Africa is leading in studies related to heavy metals contamination. The results showed that emphasis should be shifted to newer approaches that embrace socioecological factors; hence, community-based intelligence plays a major role in gathering information in Africa for proper implementation of zoonoses control. To ensure this, a holistic means of acquiring information and applying the One Health approach, which takes cognizance of the interaction of humans, animals, and the environment is essential.
Analysing the Effect of Social Media on Customer Equity: A Study of Fast-food Restaurants

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The enormous number of social media users globally and the increased time spent by each user on social media every day have made social media an irreplaceable part of the contemporary marketing mix. Markets have become more competitive because of the new informed and empowered customers. Integrating social media into the existing marketing mix and honing its power to the optimum is the need of the hour. This has led marketers and researchers to develop a considerate understanding of social media and to analyse its effect on customers. This research paper attempts to address this contemporary paradigm and investigates the effect of social media on customer equity in fast-food restaurants. In addition, the effect of user-generated content and firm-generated content on relationship equity, value equity and brand equity is analysed. A conceptual framework is proposed in this regard, and later the relationships of this framework are evaluated with the help of data from 400 respondents. The results confirmed that social media has a positive effect on the drivers of customer equity for fast-food restaurants. While user-generated content affects brand equity the most, followed by value equity and relationship equity, firm-generated content affects relationship equity the most, followed by brand equity and value equity.
A study on demographic factors affecting quality of life among HIV positive individuals attending a district anti retroviral treatment centre in Mangalore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Prevention and treatment in HIV greatly influences the quality of life (QOL). The objective of the study was to assess QOL of individuals with HIV and its association with demographic factors. Methods: 400 patients with HIV attending the district anteretroviral treatment (ART) centre were interviewed with WHO QOL BREF questionnaire using systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics, Chi square and independent t test and logistic regression was done to analyse the results. Results: Mean quality of life score was highest in the physical domain (Mean=14.93, ±3.59). Least score was seen for Social domain (Mean=12.30, ±2.37). The physical domain score was highest among those belonging to class 1 SES (Mean=17.50, ±0.707). Domain scores varied significantly (p>0.05) with respect to gender. There was significant variation in domain scores across the different socioeconomic groups except in social domain. Conclusions: Gender, Socioeconomic and marital status significantly affected the QOL of People Living with HIV.
Exteroceptive vibration-induced finger flexion reflex in man.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A tonic finger flexion reflex, induced by mechanical vibration (100 Hz) of the fingers, was studied in 20 healthy subjects. The outcome of nerve blocking experiments indicated that the reflex is mainly exteroceptive, distinct from the tonic vibration reflex of muscle spindle origin. Mechanoreceptors with fast conducting nerve fibres in the distal phalanx seem to constitute the major afferent source. We suggest that afferent signals from such receptors by a feedback mechanism can influence the motor performance of the exploring fingers.
The ‘Mole Environment’ studyware: applying multidimensional analysis to quantitative chemistry problems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mole, a fundamental concept in quantitative chemistry, poses understanding difficulties for many students. To tackle this problem we have developed a multidimensional problem analysis, classification and authoring method. We define three dimensions, each being a transformation from the symbol to the macro, micro and process understanding levels. For each dimension, four complexity values are explicitly defined, giving rise to 63 different problem categories. The method has served us as a basis for authoring the 'Mole Environment' ‐ a graduated, environment‐oriented problem‐solving studyware. In view of the increasing importance of integrating environmental isseus into chemistry teaching, the content of the problems is related to environmental issues. Assessment of the studyware was conducted by both pre‐service chemistry teachers and high school students. The results have shown the viability of the approach of structuring quantitative problems in chemistry by an explicitly defined method. The studyware was very well received and contributed toward increased understanding of the mole concept, as well as acquaintance with environmental issues. Overall, there is a trend of an increasing level of achievements for both groups. The structured version was found to be more effective and to require less teacher consultation time.
Bofares Sign: How Much Is Beneficial for the Diagnosis of Choanal Atresia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The choanal atresia is considered as one of important disease processes in rhinology particular, and in otorhinolaryngology as general. This condition is worthwhile situation, because it might be presented as emergency circumstance especially if it is associated with bilateral and complete obliteration of posterior choanal of the nasal cavity. However, this condition is due to the congenital and developmental defect of the canalization of the posterior choana, therefore, the diagnosis of the bilateral and complete choanal atresia will become very suggestable among the distressed newborns with nasal breathing difficulties. Moreover, the missing of the diagnosis will be increased among the unilateral or partial disease. Thus, it becomes a challenge to find out different methods and maneuvers to diagnose it. In accordance, as one of many clinical trials to achieve the optimum, safest, simplest as well as diagnostic maneuver for the missed unilateral choanal atresia, we created this presented test, which was found to be very beneficial and helpful to discover the missed unilateral choanal atresia during the performance of adenoidectomy surgery. In the same context, I recommend to consider this simple and safe test as a routine step during the adenoidectomy procedure. Hence, the patient is anesthetized and this will facilitate the conduction of this test to exclude one of the unforeseen disorders, which exaggerates the obstructive manifestation of adenoid enlargement as well as it prevents the complete cure of the child after the adenoidectomy.
Influence of humidity on the characteristics of negative corona discharge in air

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Detailed negative corona discharge characteristics, such as the pulse amplitude, repetition frequency, average corona current, rise time, and half-wave time, are systematically studied under various air humidities with a single artificial defect electrode. The experimental result reveals that the pulse amplitude increases with the increase of air humidity; meanwhile, the repetition frequency deceases as the air humidity increases. Empirical formulae are first established for the pulse amplitude and repetition frequency with the humidity factor taken into consideration. The effective ionization integral is calculated and a positive correlation is found between the integral and the pulse amplitude. Furthermore, a simplified negative-ion cloud model is built up to investigate the mechanism of the humidity's influence on negative corona discharge. Based on the theoretical analyses, the correlation between pulse amplitude, repetition frequency, and air humidity is well explained.
Lattice determination of the critical point of QCD at finite T and μ

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on universal arguments it is believed that there is a critical point (E) in QCD on the temperature (T) versus chemical potential (μ) plane, which is of extreme importance for heavy-ion experiments. Using finite size scaling and a recently proposed lattice method to study QCD at finite μwe determine the location of E in QCD with n_f=2+1 dynamical staggered quarks with semi-realistic masses on $L_t=4$ lattices. Our result is T_E=160 \pm 3.5 MeV and μ_E= 725 \pm 35 MeV. For the critical temperature at μ=0 we obtained T_c=172 \pm 3 MeV.