jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The negative indefinite nuddu ‘no one’ as a floating quantifier in Sicilian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper is concerned with a special use of the negative indefinite pronoun nuddu in Sicilian. Alongside its normal use as a negative pronominal quantifier (‘no one, nobody’), this element can be employed as a floating quantifier (‘none of us/you/them’). In this function, nuddu is not the subject of the sentence and, despite the semantic similarity, it cannot be analysed as the pronominal head of a partitive configuration. After presenting data on the diachronic development of this pronoun, which has resulted in inflectional loss, I discuss both syntactic and semantic arguments in favour of an adverbial analysis of this floating quantifier, according to which nuddu involves predicate modification.
Price signaling: does it ever work?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Alpert et al.′s (1993) study on the relationship between objective product quality and price is both interesting and important. It continues the tradition of “borrowing” relevant theories from other disciplines to explicate problems faced in marketing. However, some issues raised regarding price signaling and quality need to be discussed further. In addition to information asymmetry, other conditions are necessary to ensure signaling equilibrium. A signal must be both information revealing and such that it cannot be mimicked. These conditions are, however, absent in the Alpert et al. (1993) study, leading to the conclusion price, as cited in the study, was not a signal of quality, rather it was an important strategic tool. Hence, the important lessons from the study are: we must exercise caution when “borrowing” theories from other disciplines to explicate marketing problems; and we are reminded that for a marketing strategy to be effective and successful, it is essential that the strategic elements be consistent and cohesive.
Thermoregulation of Prodigiosin Biosynthesis by Serratia marcescens is Controlled at the Transcriptional Level and Requires HexS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Several biotypes of the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens produce the tri-pyrole pigment and secondary metabolite prodigiosin. The biological activities of this pigment have therapeutic potential. For over half a century it has been known that biosynthesis of prodi giosin is inhibited when bacteria are grown at elevated temperatures, yet the fundamental mechanism underlying this thermoregulation has not been characterized. In this study, chromosomal and plasmid-borne luxCDABE transcriptional reporters revealed reduced transcription of the prodigiosin biosynthetic operon at 37°C compared to 30°C indicating transcriptional control of pigment production. Moreover, induced expression of the prodigiosin biosynthetic operon at 37°C was able to produce pigmented colonies and cultures demonstrating that physiological conditions at 37°C allow prodigiosin production and indicating that post-transcriptional control is not a major contributor to the thermoregulation of prodigiosin pigmentation. Genetic experiments support the model that the HexS transcription factor is a key contributor to thermoregulation of pigmentation, whereas CRP plays a minor role, and a clear role for EepR and PigP was not observed. Together, these data indicate that thermoregulation of prodigiosin production at elevated temperatures is controlled largely, if not exclusively, at the transcriptional level.
Direct nanopore sequencing of human cytomegalovirus ge-nomes from high-titre clinical samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This archive contains the nanopore generated HCMV genomes from the urine and lung clinical samples. The illumina derived genome sequences have been uploaded to GenBank as they are of higher quality, the nanopore sequences are uploaded here to avoid duplication on GenBank. Raw FASTQ reads from the virus are uploaded to NCBI SRA. The full paper abstract is given below. Nanopore sequencing is becoming increasingly commonplace in clinical settings, particularly for diagnostics and outbreak investigations. Its portability, low cost and ability to operate in near real-time has propelled it to the forefront of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Although high sequencing error rates initially hampered its wider implementation, improvements have continually been made with each iteration of the nanopore flow cells and base calling software. Here, we assess the feasibility of using nanopore sequencing to determine the complete genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) present in high-titre clinical samples without viral DNA enrichment, PCR amplification or prior knowledge of the sequences. We utilised a hybrid bioinformatic approach that involved assembling the reads de novo, improving the de novo consensus through alignment of reads to the best-matching genome from a collated set of published genomes, and polishing the improved consensus. The final consensus genome sequences from a urine and a lung sample, the latter with an HCMV to human DNA load approximately 50 times lower than the former, achieved 99.97 and 99.93% identity, respectively, to the bench-mark consensuses obtained independently by Illumina sequencing. Thus, we demonstrate that nanopore sequencing is capable of determining HCMV genomes directly from high-titre clinical samples with high accuracy.
Knowledge Discovery Approach from Blockchain, Crypto-currencies, and Financial Stock Exchanges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Last few years have witnessed a steady growth in interest on crypto-currencies and blockchains. They are receiving considerable interest from industry and the research community, the most popular one being Bitcoin. However, these crypto-currencies are so far relatively poorly analyzed and investigated. Recently, many solutions, mostly based on ad-hoc engineered solutions, are being developed to discover relevant analysis from crypto-currencies, but are not sufficient to understand behind crypto-currencies. In this paper, we provide a deep analysis of crypto-currencies by proposing a new knowledge discovery approach for each crypto-currency, across crypto-currencies, blockchains, and financial stocks. The novel approach is based on a conjoint use of data mining algorithms on imbalanced time series. It automatically reports co-variation dependency patterns of the time series. The experiments on the public crypto-currencies and financial stocks markets data also demonstrate the usefulness of the approach by discovering the different relationships across multiple time series sources and insights correlations behind crypto-currencies.
IDDF2023-ABS-0050 Longitudinal outcomes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. a meta-analysis of 129 studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen significantly in global incidence and is widely considered a multisystem disease linked to numerous extrahepatic manifestations. We aim to investigate the associated longitudinal outcomes of NAFLD.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing longitudinal clinical outcomes of NAFLD from Medline and Embase electronic databases. Primary outcomes were incident cardiovascular-related, metabolic-related, cancer-related, and other outcomes associated with NAFLD. DerSimonian Laird random effects meta-analysis was performed. Pooled effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I2 metrics, with two-tailed P values.

Results

398 studies were retrieved for full-text sieve and assessed for eligibility. 129 studies were included. NAFLD patients had significant increases in risks of cardiovascular outcomes (n=44, HR: 1.43, 95%Cl: 1.27 to 1.60, p<0.01, I2=97.50%), incident hypertension (n=9, HR: 1.75, 95%Cl: 1.46 to 2.08, p<0.01, I2=74.00%), diabetes (n=37, HR: 2.56, 95%Cl: 2.10 to 3.13, p<0.01, I2=98.90%), pre-diabetes (n=4, HR: 1.69, 95%Cl: 1.22 to 2.35, p<0.01, I2=54.80%), metabolic syndrome (n=5, HR: 2.57, 95%Cl: 1.13 to 5.85, p=0.02, I2=96.10%), chronic kidney disease (n=14, HR: 1.38, 95%Cl: 1.27 to 1.50, p<0.01, I2=80.20%), all cancers (n=15, HR: 1.54, 95%Cl: 1.35 to 1.76, p<0.01, I2=97.30%) (specifically, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, biliary tract, esophageal, stomach, thyroid and female genital cancers) and liver-related outcomes (n=14, HR: 3.92, 95%Cl: 2.05 to 7.49, p<0.01, I2=98.50%) compared to non-NAFLD. NAFLD patients with advanced liver disease were associated with significantly greater risks (p=0.02) of incident diabetes than less severe NAFLD, compared to non-NAFLD.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes associations between NAFLD and cardiovascular, metabolic, oncological, and other outcomes. The multisystemic nature and increasing prevalence of NAFLD call for treatment targets, reducing systemic events and end-organ complications.
'It was deathly dull and boring and stressful': listening to parents' voices on primary school testing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many parents are unhappy with the way testing has altered, expanded and taken hold in primary schools in recent years. Some parents chose to express their objections to primary Standard Assessment Tests (SATs) in particular, through taking part in collective strike action. While research into testing abounds, the opinions of parents and their role in such activism remain less explored. This article draws from a qualitative pilot study into parental opinions on primary school testing. Some preliminary thematic analysis is presented, giving a flavour of the data. Parents are concerned with the effect and emotional stress on children, the content and structure of tests and with their broader impact on the curriculum and on classroom teaching. They are impassioned, articulate and forthright.
Date Moth: Current Status and Management Review in Algerian Arid Zones

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dates have an economic and social importance in Algeria.Tremendous development has occurred in the production and the repartition of date palm during the last three decades.But this crop still suffers from several problems, in particular with phytosanitary issues such as bayoud disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.albedinis), the date palm scale (Parlatoria blanchardi), the old world date mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus) and the carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae).The carob moth is a major pest of dates in stored places and date palm groves causing considerable losses.Integrated pest management program of carob moth should rely on diverse strategies.Several control methods were studied and they gave significant results however the main technique used currently by farmers is chemical control through the application of synthetic pesticides.Because of well reported issues with reliance on synthetic pesticides, practical alternatives are required.
Effect of Insulin Infusion on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during Hemodialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is a catabolic procedure probably contributing to the high frequency of protein-energy wasting among patients on maintenance HD. The aim was to investigate the effect of insulin infusion on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during HD compared with a meal alone. Methods: In a randomized cross-over study 11 non-diabetic HD patients (M/F:8/3, median age 57 years, range 33-79) received either 1) no treatment (NT), 2) glucose infusion (G) (10% glucose, 2.5 mL/kg/h), or 3) glucose-insulin infusion (GI) (10% glucose added 30 units of NovoRapid® per liter, 2.5 mL/kg/h) during a standardized 4 h HD. During infusion, blood glucose levels were maintained at 8.0-10.0 mmol/L by additional glucose infusion. Glucose and glucose-insulin infusions were commenced 2 h prior to HD and continued throughout the HD session. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline before infusion and followed by the only meal allowed during the study. Results: Data are presented as mean±SD. From baseline to end of HD session we observed an overall increase in both serum bioactive IGF-I (from 0.83±0.27 to 1.01±0.34 µg/L, p<0.001) and in total IGF-I (from 124±43 to 132±52 µg/L, p=0.001), but no significant difference in the change in either serum bioactive IGF-I (p=0.99) or total IGF-I (p=0.22) between the groups. Concomitantly, there was an overall decrease in serum IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) (from 267±147 to 143±92 µg/L, p<0.001) from baseline to end of HD, but no significant difference in the change between the groups (p=0.43). Conclusion: A meal at the beginning of a HD session leads to an increase in bioactive IGF-I thereby assumingly counteracting the catabolic effects of HD. However, according to changes in bioactive IGF-I neither glucose nor glucose-insulin infusion during HD appear to add to the anabolic effects of a meal.
Meteorological predictions for the Beagle 2 mission to Mars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general circulation and mesoscale model are used to predict the weather at the Beagle 2 landing site. The afternoon high temperature predicted by the general circulation model varies from 237 to 243 K over the duration of the primary mission. The overnight low temperature is 193 K ± 2 K. Near surface wind speeds remain below 15 ms −1 at all times. The mesoscale model predicts a wind maximum at the top of the ∼4 km deep convective boundary layer. Gravity waves are evident in the free atmosphere above the PBL. The overall weather pattern is dominated by upslope and downslope circulations, but these are modulated by changes in the large‐scale circulation.
Correlation between accelerometry and clinical balance testing in stroke

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and acceleration of postural sway in the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB) by using a triaxial accelerometer for quantitative assessment. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-seven stroke patients participated in this study. Balance ability was evaluated with the BBS, and postural sway was evaluated with a triaxial accelerometer. The data were then analyzed for frequency and correlation by using statistical software (SPSS 18.0). [Result] Acceleration in left-right and forward-backward directions in all conditions of the CTSIB assessment showed a significant correlation with BBS assessment. Acceleration in Signal Vector Magnitude values in condition 3 of the CTSIB assessment showed a significant correlation with BBS assessment. [Conclusion] This study revealed that postural sway represented balance ability as acceleration in the quantitative measurement of kinematic analysis. This finding suggests that the triaxial accelerometer could be used as a measurement tool in clinical conditions.
Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Using SLC-149: Support for a Noncatalytic Function of CAIX in Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is considered a target for therapeutic intervention in solid tumors. In this study, the efficacy of the inhibitor, 4-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (SLC-149), is evaluated on CAIX and a CAIX-mimic. We show that SLC-149 is a better inhibitor than acetazolamide against CAIX. Binding of SLC-149 thermally stabilizes CAIX-mimic at lower concentrations compared to that of CAII. Structural examinations of SLC-149 bound to CAIX-mimic and CAII explain binding preferences. In cell culture, SLC-149 is a more effective inhibitor of CAIX activity in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line than previously studied sulfonamide inhibitors. SLC-149 is also a better inhibitor of activity in cells expressing CAIX versus CAXII. However, SLC-149 has little effect on cytotoxicity, and high concentrations are required to inhibit cell growth, migration, and invasion. These data support the hypothesis that CAIX activity, shown to be important in regulating extracellular pH, does not underlie its ability to control cell growth.
A Modified School Year: Perspectives from the Early Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A balanced or modified school year is a rearrangement of the traditional school calendar to provide more continuous learning throughout the school year. Students receive the same amount of instructional time as those on the traditional calendar but in-school time is more evenly balanced with out-of-school time throughout the year. It has been the subject of discussion in a number of educational jurisdictions in the United Kingdom, and the available research shows that it has both advantages and disadvantages. The main social argument for this change is rooted in the notion that the traditional calendar is outdated in today's society. The main academic argument is that it is better suited to the way children learn, and that balancing the year alleviates the problems associated with learning loss, particularly over the long summer break. This article focuses on the balanced calendar from the perspective of the early years. It examines the current literature, and presents the views of early educators working in two Canadian schools where a balanced calendar is offered alongside a traditional one. These early childhood educators believe that a more balanced year is eminently suited to young learners. In this context, the balanced school year calendar is known as a Modified School Year.
Orbital melanoma masquerading as a “Galloping haemangioma”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a 32-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our clinic after 6 weeks of observation elsewhere with a rapidly expanding orbital mass, proptosed globe and slowly decreasing of vision in her left eye. To our examination the patient presented with congested optic disc fine macular striae and some slight choroidal elevation without any retinal pigmentation. An MRI scan without contrast was performed, suggesting the signal charactheristics of an orbital mass consistent with a cellular lesion such as a cavernous hemangioma or a solitary fibrous tumour. Despite the benign-looking imaging, the fast-growing pattern of the lesion suggested a more sinister picture. A fine needle aspiration of the orbital mass was carried out, revealing the presence of an amelanotic melanoma. This case highlights the importance of considering the presence of a melanoma when there is a clear history of a rapid lesion progression.
A K-mixture connective-strength-based approach to automatic text summarisation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research focuses on developing a hybrid automatic text summarisation approach, KCS, to enhance the quality of summaries. KCS employs the K-mixture probabilistic model to establish term weight distributions in a statistical sense. It further identifies the lexical relations between nouns and nouns, as well as nouns and verbs to derive the connective strength (CS) of nouns. Sentences are ranked and extracted according to the accumulated CS values they contain. We conduct two experiments to justify the proposed approach. The results show that the K-mixture model itself is more conducive to document classification than traditional TFIDF weighting scheme since the best macro F-measure increases from 0.63 to 0.67. It, however, is still no better than the more complex linguistic-based approach that takes noun's CS into consideration. Most importantly, our proposed approach, KCS, performs best among all approaches considered (with the best macro F-measure of 0.8). It implies that KCS can extract more representative sentences from the document and its feasibility in text summarisation applications is thus justified.
Invariance as a Tool for Ontology of Information

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Attempts to answer questions regarding the ontological status of information are frequently based on the assumption that information should be placed within an already existing framework of concepts of established ontological statuses related to science, in particular to physics. However, many concepts of physics have undetermined or questionable ontological foundations. We can look for a solution in the recognition of the fundamental role of invariance with respect to a change of reference frame and to other transformations as a criterion for objective existence. The importance of invariance (symmetry) as a criterion for a primary ontological status can be identified in the methodology of physics from its beginnings in the work of Galileo, to modern classifications of elementary particles. Thus, the study of the invariance of the theoretical description of information is proposed as the first step towards ontology of information. With the exception of only a few works among publications which set the paradigm of information studies, the issues of invariance were neglected. Orthodox analysis of information lacks conceptual framework for the study of invariance. The present paper shows how invariance can be formalized for the definition of information and, accompanying it, mathematical formalism proposed by the author in his earlier publications.
The Effect of Educational Approaches on Knowledge and Attitude of Midwifery Students in Breaking bad News to Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and objective: Breaking bad news is a very stressful task for both health professionals and patients. Teaching how to break bad news appropriately is one of the important concerns in medical education. So, this study aimed to compare role play and multimedia methods based on SPIKES strategy on midwifery students’ knowledge and attitude in breaking bad news to patients. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial study was done in three groups on 90 midwifery students in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences who were selected randomly. Students were trained by role play and multimedia methods. Control group had not received any intervention. Knowledge and attitude questionnaires were filled out before and two weeks after intervention. Results: Knowledge and attitude mean scores after intervention in the 3 groups had significant difference (P< 0.05). Moreover, attitude score in multimedia group was higher than role play group and there was a significant difference between them (P=0.045). Conclusion: Multimedia as an independent and non-attendance program can increase students’ knowledge as same as the role play while, it can change students’ attitude more than the role play method.
Marginal operators and supersymmetry enhancement in 3d $S$-fold SCFTs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The study of exactly marginal deformations of superconformal field theories is a topic that has received considerable attention due to their rich properties. We investigate the $\mathcal{N}=2$ preserving exactly marginal operators of 3d $S$-fold SCFTs. Two families of such theories are considered: one is constructed by gauging the diagonal flavour symmetry of the $T(U(2))$ and $T(U(3))$ theories, and the other by gauging the diagonal flavour symmetry of the $T^{[2,1^2]}_{[2,1^2]}(SU(4))$ theory. In both families, it is possible to turn on a Chern--Simons level for each gauge group and to couple to each theory various numbers of hypermultiplets. The detailed analysis of the exactly marginal operators, along with the superconformal indices, allows us to determine whether supersymmetry gets enhanced in the infrared and to deduce the amount of supersymmetry of the corresponding SCFT.