jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of HBV ribonuclease H domain in naïve and drug resistant patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nucleotide or nucleoside analog (NA) drug resistance has increasingly become a problem in HBV treatment. Due to the similarity between HBV polymerase and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, knowledge obtained from HIV research might be applied to the treatment of HBV infection. A previous study has shown that HIV-1 ribonuclease H (RNase H) mutation may contribute to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that it might be possible to have a mutation in the HBV RNase H domain of HBV NA drug resistant patients. A one-year cross-sectional study was conducted at a single university hospital. Serum samples were collected from HBV infection treatment naive and suspected HBV NA drug resistant patients. To confirm HBV NA drug resistance, genotype specific resistance was examined. The HBV genotype and RNase H domain were sequenced and compared. In total, 37 HBV-infected patients were finally analyzed. Of these, 24 were considered sensitive to the drug and 13 resistant, as determined by the genotypic resistance method. Comparison between the two groups showed they had comparable baseline characteristics; no mutation in the HBV RNase H domain was detected. Possibly due to the small sample size, no significant mutations were found in the HBV RNase H domain of either group of HBV-infected patients. Further research of a larger patient group is needed to confirm these initial findings.
Contrast structures for a quasilinear Sobolev-type equation with unbalanced nonlinearity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The existence of a solution to a generalized Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov equation is proved and its asymptotic expansion of the internal transition layer type is constructed. The convergence of the asymptotics is proved by applying the asymptotic comparison principle developed for a new class of problems.
Long-Term Surgical Outcomes in Double Outlet Right Ventricle Based on Detailed Anatomical Sub-Typology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Long-term surgical outcomes for double outlet right ventricle (DORV) continue to pose challenges for most paediatric cardiac centres. This study aimed to investigate the mid- to long-term outcomes of a large cohort of DORV patients. Methods DORV patients who underwent surgery guided by a refined anatomical sub-typology in our centre between August 2001 and December 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary end-point was cardiac mortality and the secondary end-point was unplanned surgical reintervention. Results A total of 1135 patients were included in the study. Among them, 824 patients (72.6%) underwent biventricular repair, 258 (22.7%) received single-ventricle procedures, and 53 (4.7%) underwent palliative surgeries. The median age at surgery was 25.0 months [IQR: 9.0-72.0]. In-hospital deaths occurred in 14 cases (1.2%). Over a mean follow-up period of 8.9 years, the estimated overall survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 96.3% [95% CI, 95.1-97.5], 93.0% [95% CI, 91.6-95.2], and 92.7% [95% CI, 87.7-96.9], respectively. Second end-point-free survival rates at the same time points were 95.2% [95% CI, 94.8-95.7], 89.5% [95% CI, 88.7-90.3], and 82.1% [95% CI, 80.7-83.5], respectively. Transposition of the great arteries-type (TGA-type) anatomy and palliative procedures were independently associated with increased mortality. Conclusions Optimal outcomes in DORV can be achieved through precise anatomical evaluation and tailored surgery. TGA-type anatomy and palliative procedure were key risk predictors.
Middle Tennessee State University (Jones)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This information has been collected for the Post-Discipline Online Syllabus Database. The database explores the use of literature by schools of professional education in North America. It forms part of a larger project titled Post-Discipline: Literature, Professionalism, and the Crisis of the Humanities, led by Dr Merve Emre with the assistance of Dr Hayley G. Toth. You can find more information about the project at https://postdiscipline.english.ox.ac.uk/. Data was collected and accurate in 2021/22.
Ion composition produced by high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges near the substrate

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Plasma composition near the substrate was investigated in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) discharge using Langmuir probe analysis, mass spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The HIPIMS discharge was operated in nonreactive Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 2.66 Pa and the magnetron cathode was furnished with Ti target. Plasma density, metal ion-to-neutral ratio, and gas ion-to-metal ion ratio were studied as a function of discharge current. At peak discharge current densities of ∼1 A cm−2, the results show that a dense plasma (ne∼1018 m−3) expanded from the target toward the substrate and lasted more than 330 μs after the supplied power was turned off. The shape of the time-averaged ion energy distribution function of sputtered material exhibited a transition from Thompson to Maxwellian distribution, indicating efficient energy transfer in the discharge. The metal content in the plasma monotonically increased with discharge current and the metal ion-to-neutral ratio reached approximately 1:1 in the postdischarge plasma at peak current density of 5 A cm−2.
RNU6-1 in circulating exosomes differentiates GBM from non-neoplastic brain lesions and PCNSL but not from brain metastases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Circulating biomarkers may assist in the processes of differential diagnosis and response assessment. GBM cells release extracellular vesicles containing a subset of proteins and nucleic acids. We previously demonstrated that exosomes \nisolated from the serum of GBM patients had an increased expression of RNU6-1 compared to healthy subjects. \nIn this exploratory study, we investigated the role of this small noncoding RNA as a diagnostic biomarker for GBM \nversus other brain lesions with some potential radiological similarities. \nMethods. We analyzed the expression of RNU6-1 in circulating exosomes of GBM patients (n = 18), healthy controls (n = 30), and patients with subacute stroke (n = 30), acute/subacute hemorrhage (n = 30), acute demyelinating \nlesions (n = 18), brain metastases (n = 21), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL; n = 12) using \ndigital droplet PCR. \nResults. Expression of RNU6-1 was significantly higher in GBM patients than in healthy controls (P = .002). \nRNU6-1 levels were also significantly higher in exosomes from GBM patients than from patients with nonneoplastic lesions (stroke [P = .05], hemorrhage [P = .01], demyelinating lesions [P = .019]) and PCNSL (P = .004). \nIn contrast, no significant differences were found between patients with GBM and brain metastases (P = .573). \nReceiver operator characteristic curve analyses supported the role of this biomarker in differentiating GBM from subacute stroke, acute/subacute hemorrhage, acute demyelinating lesions, and PCNSL (P < .05), but again \nnot from brain metastases (P = .575).
Factors Associated with the Quality of Life of the Nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim of the study: Research aim was to investigate the quality of life of the nurses and to determine sociodemographic factors associated with lower quality of life.Methods: A convenience sample of 100 nurses from different medical institutions in Croatia was used. An anonymous on-line questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions was administered. Quality of life was measured using Short Form-36 (SF-36).Results: Lower general health was associated with the older age of nurses and those working only morning shifts. Lower vitality and mental health were associated with working only morning shifts. Other investigated factors showed no association with the quality of life of the nurses.Conclusion: The quality of life of the nurses is lower than the quality of life of the general population in Croatia, in domains related to the role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, vitality and social functioning. Factors influencing the quality of life of the nurses are inconsistent with literature data and require further research.
EFFICIENCY OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF FUSARIUM SOLANI THAT CAUSES COWPEA ROOT ROT DISEASE IN THE LABORATORY AND IN THE FIELD

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of phenotypic and molecular diagnosis using PCR technique showed that the main cause of cowpea root rot disease It is Fusarium solani that was isolated from the roots of cowpea plants infected with the disease, and the results of inhibition ability test showed theaqueous extract of pomegranate peel, catnip and bitter melon fruits concentrations 10, 20, 30 ml. liter-1 The inefficiency of pomegranate peel extract and bitter melon fruit in all concentrations, while the aqueous extract of The catnip had a significant superiority in the percentage of inhibiting the pathogenic fungus F. solani on PDA culture medium, was 24.80%, 24.82%, 24.88%, respectively, compared to the control treatment contaminated with the pathogenic fungus F.solani, in which the percentage of inhibition was 0.00% The results of using alcoholic extract of pomegranate peels, catnip and bitter melon fruits at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg were shown., as the extracts with all concentrations achieved a significant superiority over the control treatment, and the most effective of these extracts was the pomegranate peel extract at a concentration of 15 mg. ml-1 as the percentage inhibition was 77.30% compared to the control treatment contaminated with the pathogenic fungus F.solani, which had 0.00% inhibition And the results of using the alcoholic extract of pomegranate peels and catnip at a concentration of 10 mg. ml-1 were shown. when used in the field the efficiency of these two extracts in a significant increase in the percentage of germination of cowpea seeds and a significant decrease in the percentage and severity of infection percentage compared to the control treatment contaminated with the pathogenic fungus F.solani.
Effects of IGFBPrP1 and thioacetamide on liver tissues in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM:To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1(IGFBPrP1)and thioacetamide(TAA)on the liver tissues,and to identify the role of IGFBPrP1 in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Thirty-two male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 in each group):control group,recombinant murine IGFBPrP1(rmIGFBPrP1)4 weeks group,TAA 2 weeks group and TAA 4 weeks group.The methods of hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,picric acid-Sirius red staining,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed.RESULTS:The extensive fatty degeneration of liver cells in rmIGFBPrP1 4 weeks group was observed.The collagen deposition was found in TAA 2 weeks group.In TAA 4 weeks group,the degree of hepatic fibrosis was more serious than that in TAA 2 weeks group.The expression levels of IGFBPrP1,transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1),Smad3,p-Smad2/3,collagen Ⅲ,collagenⅠand fibronectin(FN)in liver tissues were higher in rmIGFBPrP1 4 weeks group,TAA 2 weeks group and TAA 4 weeks group than those in control group.No significant difference of the expression levels of IGFBPrP1,collagen I and FN between rmIGFBPrP1 4 weeks group and TAA 2 weeks group was observed.CONCLUSION:IGFBPrP1 plays an important role in the process of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis.Meanwhile,IGFBPrP1 induces excessive deposition of extracellular matrix through TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
Raynaud's disease and oral contraceptives.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

hospitals.In some hospitals induction for growth retardation is performed only after antenatal cardiotocography has shown some abnormality of the fetal heart rate.3As the oxytocin stress test becomes more routine, the risks of inadvertent induction of antepartum haemorrhage in unsuspected cases of placenta praevia increase.In view of the danger of producing haemorrhage it would be advan- tageous not to perform an oxytocin stress test on patients in whom placenta praevia is suspected.
Arteriospasm after Ergotamine Tartrate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

MEDIBCRTISOHNALthat the changes in urinary-oestrogens excre- tion after oophorectomy or adrenalectomy cannot be related to clinical benefit.6A possible conclusion is, therefore, that the benefit that follows oophorectomy or adrenalectomy in some patients with breast cancer is due not so much to removal of oestrogen as to the consequent liberation of gonadotrophins that follows such ablation therapy.In other words breast cancer in the younger woman may not be so much "oestrogen dependent" as "pituitary dependent."'There is, of course, other evidence that points to the same conclusion, but I hesitate to repeat this evidence in a letter.I would add only that my suggestion should lead logically to a trial of human pituitary gonadotrophin administration in patients with breast cancer failing to respond to castration.A similar trial was suggested in the treatment of cases showing a low gonadotrophin excretion after adrenalectomy.8The absence of reports of such trials in the literature to date reflects the difficulty of procuring adequate supplies of human pituitary gonadotrophin for thera- peutic trial, but I hope that this will be remedied in the near future.-Iam, etc., Melbourne, Australia.
Towards Understanding Consumer Reactions in Out-of-Stock Situations: A comparison of price promoted versus regular-priced items in grocery retail

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Temporarily unavailable products in the grocery retail environment cause problems for multiple parties, resulting in possible sales losses for retailers and high dissatisfaction among consumers. With price promoted products being twice as often out-of-stock (OOS) as regular-priced items, the need for a further understanding of reactions to price promoted products is evident. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to examine the differences between regular-priced and price promoted out-of-stock consumer responses based on the specific product category coffee. The development of a response model which tailored previously researched OOS responses towards price promoted products served as a foundation to approach the problem. Using an experimental survey design, the results of the experimental group (price promoted OOS) were compared against the results of the control group (regular-priced OOS), finding that consumers react differently in some instances. In both situations, consumers were most likely to switch to another product of the same brand followed by postponing the purchase until the product is available again. A great difference in behaviour was detected in relation to switching to another store to buy the intended product, being far more popular in regular-priced stock-out situations than in case of a price promoted OOS. The overall response patterns indicate that consumers faced with a stock-out of a price promoted product only react slightly different to stock-outs of regular-priced products, in both instances, however, guided by a remarkably strong brand loyalty according to the studied responses.
Proofreading, the Net and Foreign Language Anxiety in the Use of Apology Formulae in an Online Forum. A Learner Corpus Study 1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The starting point is an analysis of the productions of 620 university students using Antcont 3.2. The corpus is composed by online forums which are part of their final mark and where they use English as a vehicular language. In some cases, they seem to forget proofreading before sending their posts and the solution is writing another post apologising for their mistakes, either about a specific fault or about their poor command of the language in general. There is a third type of student who does not even realise about having made a mistake and does not correct anything, proving the lack of interest when grammar and spelling are not part of the final mark. The lack of proofreading appears as a consequence of the influence of social networks and typing. It is also necessary adding the variable of foreign language anxiety to understand the students' apology posts in this type of tasks. After revising these findings, two options arise: on the one hand, it seems necessary to advise them to revise their online productions to maintain a certain standard in written language and, on the other, ask them to write free from pressures. New studies are proposed with two control groups.
The Effect of Regular Physical Activities on the Visceral Fat in Diabetic Patients in Iran- Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The growing prevalence of diabetes makes this disease a health threatening issue. Regular physical activity is a solution in prevention and treatment of diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review the effect of exercise trainings on visceral fat tissue in type 2 diabetes patients, based on the studies performed in Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study is a review concerning the effects of physical training on visceral fat in diabetic patients. The search was performed on SID (Scientific Information Database), Irandoc and Magiran. After the apraise of the articles, 8 studies carried out between 2005 and 2016 in Iran were included. Results: A review of the studies indicated that participation in regular physical activities improves blood glucose control. It is effective in secretion and gene expression of adipokines in visceral fat tissues. Moreover, it is able to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Physical activity has a fundamental role in prevention and control of insulin resistance, pre-diabetic circumstances, type 2 diabetes and its health related complications. Both aerobic and resistance exercises improve the action of insulin and the secretion of adipocytokines of the visceral fat tissue.
Development of new optical fiber toluene sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with experimental results on detection of toluene dispersed in water by means of a new and simple plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor. Its sensing part consists of swelling polymer cladding layer such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) with slightly larger refractive index n2 than that of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core with n1. When is exposed to toluene dispersed in water, HDPE cladding layer causes swelling and the value of n2 decreases quickly. Then the POF structure in the sensing part changes from leaky-type to guided-one and the output light intensity increases dramatically. By measuring this light intensity change, it becomes possible to detect toluene concentration. In addition, as compared with the popular evanescent-wave detection principle type, this sensor operation does not depend on the wavelength of light source. Therefore, we can use an inexpensive LED or LD in visible region. In experiment, detection of less than 1 wt% toluene in water was easily obtained with fast response about only 1 s. Furthermore, this sensor can detect pure toluene even for a small amount below 1 ml.© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Summary of Strategies Used to Repair the Injured Spinal Cord

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

At the Summer School for Biological Treatment of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury, held in Vienna in October 2008, some approaches tested on patients, based on experimental work on animals to encourage regeneration of axons in the central nervous system, were discussed. These included problems of overcoming the effect of the unfavorable environment of the injured spinal cord on axon regeneration; helping regeneration by implantation of various cell populations; and bypassing the unfavorable environment of the spinal cord by grafts of peripheral nerves. This chapter summarizes experimental results that led to these trials on patients.
Alat Bantu Berjalan Tunanetra Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

These blind people still have difficulties in carrying out their activities, especially in terms of mobility in society. This is of course due to the lack of facilities and infrastructure that can support blind people in carrying out their daily activities. One of the assistive devices commonly used is a blind cane. With this stick, blind people are quite helped, especially when walking, but the conventional cane has limitations, one of which is the reach is too short. Thus, in this study, a concept for walking aids for blind people was developed by designing a new device that can cover the limitations of conventional canes. The tool is designed to utilize microcontroller technology with a minimum Arduino uno system, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, and DFPlayer Mp3 Mini module. The results showed that the designed tool can detect a maximum distance of 80 cm and can make a sound when the ultrasonic sensor is blocked.
Parameter identification and mechanical characterization of stud and wire arc additively manufactured steel bars for the use in construction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Stud and wire arc additive manufacturing (SWAAM) is a novel manufacturing approach that combines wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with drawn-arc stud welding (DASW). The technology was recently introduced to overcome the production rate limitations of the WAAM process when producing metallic large-scale freeform lattice structures. The characteristics of the technology are especially relevant for applications in civil engineering. Lattice structures for lightweight structural elements and reinforcement structures can be additively manufactured with significantly increased production rates compared to the same geometries produced with WAAM only. However, the mechanical properties of structures produced with SWAAM are not yet known. In this work, three process parameters (welding time, current, and immersion distance) of the DASW process within the SWAAM process were varied while producing test specimens. The specimens were tested concerning their tensile strength, and the fracture surfaces were analyzed in terms of the fracture behavior and their pore area fraction. A stable parameter window consisting of six parameter combinations was identified. The results showed that choosing the correct immersion distance is particularly important when producing SWAAM samples. In addition, low pore area fractions in the welding zone positively impacted the ultimate tensile strength. A pore area fraction of 7.5 % was identified as a limit to avoid fractures in the welding zone (WZ). Up to a pore area fraction in the WZ of 25 %, the specimens showed ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values above 500 MPa, and the required standardized mechanical properties for reinforcement steel were achieved with the SWAAM specimens, validating the suitability of this technology for construction applications.