jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Making information literacy online come alive

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Experiences from creating an online course for Public Health students This paper aims to present the development of an online course in which teachers and librarians cooperated closely to create a syllabus that aims to allow students to fulfill the following goals: learn how to find, search and critically examine information about Public Health Arenas, acquire referencing and citing skills, practice in giving and receiving constructive feedback. Setup The librarians created a lesson for the course with the following content: short film clip to enhance focus on the importance of being able to find and evaluate proper information in the work life, lecture on ways to think in order to enhance information searching skills, tutorial for a major database, collection of links to sites on reference management and reference management programs. In the course there were Information literacy (IL) tasks especially aimed at finding scientific articles and managing references for writing a paper. The IL tasks were written by the teacher and librarian together. Grading and feedback were done by librarians. Results The first time the setup did not work very well. When students handed assignments to the librarian, few seemed to have followed the instructions. Few students referred to searching in databases, and few had actually found and chosen relevant scientific articles for their assignments. The students were not able to examine the reference management of their peers in an acceptable manner. A plausible explanation is that since they couldn't manage their own references well, they couldn't examine their peers performance either. In preparation for the next round (fall 2012), the teacher and librarian got together to come up with a way to help the students perform better. Together they evaluated the IL task setup, and came up with the idea that the IL part, where the students were to describe how they found relevant material to work with, had to precede the actual writing of the paper, and could be assessed as a separate task by the librarian. This would ensure that students would not write papers based on substandard sources, but on articles approved by the teachers. The information search became a separate task that was to be handed in and approved by the librarian before the students could start writing their papers. The lectures, film and tutorial were left untouched. The reference management was still peer examined and evaluated by the librarian. The difference in results was remarkable. Information searching skills, reference management skills and the overall subject skills were improved compared to the previous course. Allthough the teaching librarian and teacher noticed a remarkable difference from one semester to another, and the teacher saw remarkable change throughout the course in managing sources, the number of students in the fall 2012 were too few to actually draw any firm conclusions. In spring 2013 there are more students taking the course and it will be interesting to see how they perform.
Possible Involvement of Nitric Oxide (NO) as a Free Radical in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a free radical in the pathogenesis of pancreatic injuries induced by pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion was accomplished by reducing the mean arterial blood pressure approximately to 60% of the control values for 45 minutes with blood removal and by restoring normotension by reinfusion of the shed blood. In this model of pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion, serum amylase concentrations, pancreatic water content, and pancreatic trypsin content were significantly increased as compared with the control animals. Pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was significantly decreased. However, pancreatic lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly increased. Moreover, pancreatic subcellular redistribution of lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B, from the lysosomal fraction to the zymogen fraction was also observed. Pretreatment with NO synthase inhibitor, N ω-nitro-L-arginine (NNA) at a dose of 20 mg/kg, significantly inhibited these changes. These results indicate that NO seems to play an important role as a free radical in the pathogenesis of pancreatic injuries induced by pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion and that NO seems to be involved in the intracellular sorting of lysosomal enzymes in the pancreatic acinar cells during pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion.
Approximation and Generalization of DeepONets for Learning Operators Arising from a Class of Singularly Perturbed Problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Singularly perturbed problems present inherent difficulty due to the presence of a thin boundary layer in its solution. To overcome this difficulty, we propose using deep operator networks (DeepONets), a method previously shown to be effective in approximating nonlinear operators between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the application of DeepONets to one-dimensional singularly perturbed problems, achieving promising results that suggest their potential as a robust tool for solving this class of problems. We consider the convergence rate of the approximation error incurred by the operator networks in approximating the solution operator, and examine the generalization gap and empirical risk, all of which are shown to converge uniformly with respect to the perturbation parameter. By utilizing Shishkin mesh points as locations of the loss function, we conduct several numerical experiments that provide further support for the effectiveness of operator networks in capturing the singular boundary layer behavior.
Understanding and Controlling Stack Pressure Inhomogeneity in Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium (Li) metal anodes are widely studied as replacements for current graphite anodes as they have projected higher energy density. However, Li-metal batteries face issues with dendrite propagation and the eventual formation of dead Li. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are a promising pathway to realize Li-metal batteries, which is attributed to their ability to improve safety and stability through the use of solid-state electrolytes. In particular, “anode-free” SSBs can enable high energy densities by forming a Li metal anode in situ. The initial Li nucleation, plating, and stripping behaviors in anode-free SSBs is influenced not only by the interfacial electrochemistry, but also by the mechanical stresses present along the current collector interface. Mechanical stress also plays a key role in Li metal anode deformation, where creep is the dominant deformation mechanism. However, to date, stack pressure is typically reported as a singular value, rather than considering the temporal and spatial variations in interfacial stress as the battery cycles. This work investigates the role of inhomogeneous stack pressure on Li anode formation and dissolution against a sulfide solid electrolyte. To compensate for this inhomogeneous stack pressure, elastomeric interlayers are used to increase the uniformity of stress along the interface, and thus improve electrochemical cyclability. To analyze the impact of elastomeric interlayers on areal Li plating coverage, post-mortem optical microscopy images of the current collector are captured, showing an improvement in areal coverage from 49% to 70%. The reversible capacity also increases from 89% to 94% with inclusion of an elastomer layer. To confirm the trends in an elastomer layer on increasing stack pressure homogeneity, the mechanical stress at the anode-free interface is modeled using finite-element simulations under different stack pressure geometries. System-level simulations illustrate tradeoffs with respect to the uniformity of mechanical stress and energy density. This work demonstrates the importance of studying external auxiliary components and packaging in SSBs to optimize anode-free SSB performance.
Mucoceles of the Paranasal Sinuses with Intracranial Extension-Postoperative Course

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses cause progressive distension of the bony walls and induce compressive symptoms. Although rare, cases of massive intracranial extension have occurred. We believe that an endoscopic transnasal approach is the best choice for such huge mucoceles because it is the least invasive and can provide an adequate surgical field of view for wide marsupialization. However, the results of long-term follow-up after endoscopic transnasal surgery have not been reported. This study was designed to evaluate prospectively the postoperative course of patients with intracranially extended mucocele. In the last 5 years, we have operated on four patients with intracranially extended mucocele. Although postoperative scanning is not recommended routinely after surgery for inflammatory disease, we followed up two patients who consented by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with endoscopy. Dural descent to the original skull base plane necessitated long periods of follow-up, lasting 18 and 5 months, respectively. On the mucocele wall mucosa, which had been smooth during surgery, polyps and granulations developed after surgical drainage and lasted for a considerable time. Although endoscopic transnasal opening of mucocele is a method of choice, we recommend follow-up of such patients for long periods, at least until the frontal skull base dura returns to its original position.
ChemInform Abstract: Cupric Bromide Mediated Oxidation of 4‐Carboxyoxazolines to the Corresponding Oxazoles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Platform Work: The Dutch Case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Like in all Westernised countries, the digital economy in the Netherlands has been on the rise for several years. The Netherlands itself have become one of the centres of this world, as several digital companies have already established their global or European headquarters in the Netherlands, such as Google, Booking.com and Uber, among others. This has led to further platformisation on the labour market where an increasing number of people are entering into labour relations for casual work that they have found on the Internet. Given its nature, this kind of work may create legal questions for the parties in such contracts as well as for society as a whole. This chapter will provide a quick scan of the actual situation of platform work in the Netherlands.
EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS IN GAINING OF EXTRACTIVE, PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN Gynura pseudochina (Lour.)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Effects of drying methods in gaining of extractive, phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC leaves have been investigated. The drying methods tested were air-drying at ± 25 o C, oven-drying at 40 O C, oven-drying at 60 O C, microwave oven-drying and fresh samples as control. Results revealed that drying of the fresh plant caused the decrease of extractive obtainability, phenolic content and antioxidant activity. There were significant differences among drying methods (P < 0.05). Among the drying methods tested, the highest extractive obtainability was by microwave oven-drying, whereas the highest phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity were by air-drying at ± 25 o C.
Picture of a powerful solvent at work

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTPicture of a powerful solvent at workCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1961, 39, 35, 9Publication Date (Print):August 28, 1961Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 28 August 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v039n035.p009Copyright © 1961 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) SUBJECTS:Solvents Get e-Alerts
Niedualna uważność a stan samādhi w kontekście badań neurofenomenologicznych

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to compare various meditative states, such as Buddhist dhyāna‑s, yogic nirbīja samādhi and nondual awareness (Tib. gñis‑med). The primary source texts I refere to are Yogasūtras of Patañjali, Ānāpānasmṛtisūtra (MN 118), Samādhisūtra (AN 4.41), The Tibetan Yogas of Dream and Sleep. I also discuss some relevant claims of contemporary empirical studies. First, I define the key terms used in Eastern meditation studies as well as in neurophenomenology, a contemporary method applied to examining the meditative states of mind, such as samādhi, dhyāna, and śamatha. Inspired by Shinzen Young, I distinguish three groups of meditative states that might be identified with nondual awareness. These three groups are: (1) the second, the third and fourth Buddhist dhyāna being equivalent to nirvicāra samādhi and nirānanda samādhi in the classical Indian yoga; (2) nirbīja samādhi and (3) nondual awareness, typical to the Mahayāna contemplative traditions. I explain why we can recognize each of the above states as nondual awareness and how they differ from each other. Then, I make a comparison between meditation practice explained in Ānāpānasmṛtisūtra and nondual awareness presented in the Tibetan Buddhism. Besides, I discuss the above kinds of mental states in terms of recent neurophenomenological findings. While doing so, I am trying to demonstrate that our understanding of meditation can benefit from the empirical studies which help us to objectify this kind of subjective experience, to some degree, if they are given an adequate place in our study.
Efficacy of brain-computer interfaces on upper extremity motor function rehabilitation after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The recovery of upper limb function is crucial to the daily life activities of stroke patients. Brain-computer interface technology may have potential benefits in treating upper limb dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) in the rehabilitation of upper limb motor function in stroke patients. METHODS: Six databases up to July 2023 were reviewed according to the PRSIMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials of BCI-based upper limb functional rehabilitation for stroke patients were selected for meta-analysis by pooling standardized mean difference (SMD) to summarize the evidence. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were included. The studies showed that BCI had a small effect on the improvement of upper limb function after the intervention. In terms of total duration of training, < 12 hours of training may result in better rehabilitation, but training duration greater than 12 hours suggests a non significant therapeutic effect of BCI training. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that BCI has a slight efficacy in improving upper limb function and has favorable long-term outcomes. In terms of total duration of training, < 12 hours of training may lead to better rehabilitation.
RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH POPULATIONS (GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA) FROM THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract After about 20 years of wide usage in integrated pest management (IPM) programs on peach in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario, populations of Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), resistant to azinphosmethyl and phosmet have been selected. Resistance, as expressed in first-instar larvae, was only two- to four-fold to azinphosmethyl or phosmet, but up to 45% fruit infestations have been documented in commercial blocks. Resistance to azinphosmethyl was not well expressed in adult Oriental fruit moths. In tests with larvae, cross-resistance occurred to most other organophosphorus insecticides except acephate and chlorpyrifos. Acephate was more toxic to resistant than to susceptible larvae. Resistance was higher (> 100-fold) to the methyl carbamates carbaryl and carbofuran but was approximately fivefold to the carbamoyl oxime methomyl. Cross-resistance to pyrethroids was not observed. Tests with field-collected material, either from crosses on mating trays in the field or from pupae collected in cardboard bands attached to trees, indicated that resistance was widespread across the Niagara production area but that the resistance was not uniformly expressed at all locations. Resistance was expressed in F 1 larvae from crosses of susceptible females with field-collected males, indicating that the genetic change in resistant larvae was unlikely the effect of a single recessive gene. Field tests in replicated two-tree plots and in larger (0.25–0.6 ha) plots treated with up to five applications as a season-long control program indicated that neither chlorpyrifos nor acephate were as effective as a pyrethroid (deltamethrin). The sustainability of these IPM programs and potential resistance management strategies are discussed.
The Marvel Sonic Narrative: A Study of the Film Music in Marvel's The Avengers, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This document explores the music of three films in the Marvel Avengers enterprise: Marvel’s The Avengers, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame. It does not examine the second film of the series, Avengers: Age of Ultron. The document seeks to uncover and further understand the music’s function in each film and to determine its continuity throughout all three films. This study uses a combination of film music studies and theory-based analysis to support the findings with the aim of identifying connecting musical elements that stretch throughout these three films. This includes the use of leitmotif/themes, previously introduced music, musical similarity and contrast, as well as ways the music fits in the larger dramatic scheme of each film and the overall function of film music. Ultimately, this document will uncover vital themes that progress the sonic narrative in the Avengers soundscape.
Glass Laser Materials Testing at Naval Research Laboratory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Active laser tests have been performed on Owens-Illinois and French neodymium laser glass using a CGE VD320 glass laser. Both the damage characteristics and the laser properties were studied. The Owens-Illinois glass damaged internally at levels between 16 and 24 J/cm2 while the CGE glass exhibited no damage at these levels. The induced emission cross sections and losses were also measured for these glasses.
Local narratives and decolonised knowledge production at Amagugu  international heritage centre,  Matobo district

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public-owned museums hardly respond to the needs of ethnic minority groups and local communities. This chapter focusses on Amagugu International Heritage Centre (AIHC) which was established in the year 2012 by Pathisa Nyathi – a renowned cultural practitioner and community historian. AIHC engages in innovative programmes that promote previously untold stories of ethnic groups in the south-western part of Zimbabwe. AIHC hosts cultural festivals and food expos to sensitise people about the nutritional value and health benefits of indigenous African cuisines. AIHC runs several programmes that directly empower local communities, especially women, to safeguard their intangible cultural heritage assets. AIHC is a "contact zone" where local community members converge to engage with issues that resonate with their needs, priorities, and aspirations. AIHC has fully embraced principles of multivocality, collaboration, and community participation that are in line with decolonial museum projects. Afro-centred knowledge creation projects are also promoted at the culture centre.
Impact of space and rocket activity on soil cover in central Kazakhstan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of environmental monitoring and integrated assessment of the stability of brown, mostly solonetzic soils and solonchaks to chemical pollution and mechanical stresses at the fall places of the first stage of “Proton” launch vehicle (LV) in the Yu-2 zone (Central Kazakhstan) are provided. With the help of GIS technologies, zoning maps of the investigated territory have been created based on the criteria of soil cover resistance to the impact of space and rocket activity (SRA).