jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Intoxication syndrome concomitant with recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis and its correction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of the present work was to study selected features of intoxication in the patients presenting with recurrent tonsillitis (RT) and managed by means of the combination of basal therapy with reamberine, a preparation showing the detoxication activity. A total of 70 patients with moderately severe recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis induced by infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were available for the examination. Characteristics of endogenous intoxication were explored. The study has demonstrated that recurrent tonsillitis is associated with the development of the pronounced symptoms of endogenous intoxication (EI) as suggested by the enhanced leukocytic index of intoxication (LII) and the elevated levels of medium molecular weight molecules (MWM) with the simultaneous impairment of detoxication properties of albumin. Collectively, these changes are indicative of incompleteness of the pathological process that may be regarded as an unfavourable prognostic factor and suggests the risk of development of tonsillogenic pathology, its relapses, and chronization of the process. Taken together, these findings indicate the necessity of developing novel approaches to the treatment of recurrent tonsillitis with special reference to the use of pharmaceutical products possessed of detoxication activity. Reamberine introduced in the combined treatment of RT was shown to decrease the severity of intoxication as confirmed by normalization of LII and MWM levels as well as the improvement of detoxication properties of albumin. It is concluded that therapeutic efficacy of reamberine opens up wide prospects for its clinical applications.
Stage-Dependent Fibrotic Gene Profiling of WISP1-Mediated Fibrogenesis in Human Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue scarring. Although, Pirfenidone and Nintedanib slow the disease progression, no currently available drugs or therapeutic interventions address the underlying cause, highlighting the unmet medical need. A matricellular protein, Wnt-1-induced secreted protein 1 (WISP1), also referred to as CCN4 (cellular communication network factor 4), is a secreted multi-modular protein implicated in multi-organ fibrosis. Although the precise mechanism of WISP1-mediated fibrosis remains unclear, emerging evidence indicates that WISP1 is profibrotic in nature. While WISP1-targeting therapy is applied in the clinic for fibrosis, detailed interrogation of WISP1-mediated fibrogenic molecular and biological pathways is lacking. Here, for the first time, using NanoString® technology, we identified a novel WISP1-associated profibrotic gene signature and molecular pathways potentially involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in primary human dermal and lung fibroblasts from both healthy individuals and IPF patients. Our data demonstrate that WISP1 is upregulated in IPF-lung fibroblasts as compared to healthy control. Furthermore, our results confirm that WISP1 is downstream of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), and it induces fibroblast cell proliferation. Additionally, WISP1 induced IL6 and CCL2 in fibroblasts. We also developed a novel, combined TGFβ and WISP1 in vitro system to demonstrate a role for WISP1 in the progression of fibrosis. Overall, our findings uncover not only similarities but also striking differences in the molecular profile of WISP1 in human fibroblasts, both during the initiation and progression phases, as well as in disease-specific context.
Circular economy in the fashion industry. Perspectives on a Swiss fashion company

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The textile and fashion industry are significant contributors to environmental degradation, accounting for approximately 20% of global water pollution, as well as substantial carbon emissions. The rapid expansion of fast fashion has intensified environmental issues by reinforcing a linear consumption model. In response, the adoption of circular economy strategies has emerged as a critical approach to reduce reliance on virgin resources and mitigate environmental effects. This study examines the implementation of circular strategies using NIKIN, a Swiss fashion company, as a case study. The research aimed to investigate how sustainability and profitability can be balanced, how supply chains can adapt to circular models, and the role of consumer behavior in facilitating this transition. A mixed-method approach combining a literature review and case analysis was used to explore these questions. The findings reveal that a circular cashback model, supported by innovative biodegradable materials, offers a viable strategy for achieving circularity in fashion. The strategy integrates recycling with financial incentives, attracting diverse consumer groups while reducing environmental impact. The early market introduction provides competitive advantages, yet significant challenges remain. These include designing products for recyclability, overcoming material properties that complicate manufacturing, addressing high process costs, managing emissions from logistics, and resolving legal uncertainties. Additionally, limited infrastructure for material production and recycling exacerbates these challenges.
Applying flow-sensitive CQUAL to verify MINIX authorization check placement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the first use of flow-sensitive CQUAL to verify the placement of operating system authorization checks. Our analysis of MINIX 3 system servers and discovery of a non-exploitable Time-Of-Check/Time-Of-Use bug demonstrate the effectiveness of flow sensitive CQUAL and its advantage over earlier flow-insensitive versions. We also identify and suggest alternatives to current CQUAL usability features that encourage analysts to make omissions that cause the otherwise sound tool to produce false-negative results.
Alpha spillover depends on alpha energy: a new finding in alpha/beta liquid scintillation spectrometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The calibration of the alpha/beta liquid scintillation (LS) spectrometric measurement is rather complicated for samples having variable chemical and radionuclide compositions if rather accurate results are required. Variable quenching can be a significant source of uncertainty if it is not considered in the calibrations because variable quenching affects alpha and beta spillovers, the optimum pulse-shape analyzer (PSA), and alpha and beta backgrounds. It is known that the beta spillover to the alpha window also depends on the energy of the beta particle, but until now it has been assumed that the alpha spillover to the beta window does not depend on the energy of the alpha particle. The present study demonstrates that the alpha spillover depends also on the energy of the alpha particle. The alpha spillover of lower energy alpha particles is larger than the spillover of higher energy alpha particles when the sample is measured at a constant PSA. This is established by preparing sample series from radon-bearing water, quenching some samples to different degrees, and measuring the samples at various PSA levels. The large energy difference between radon and its alpha-emitting daughters, 218Po and 214Po, allows one to see the dependence of alpha spillover on the alpha energy. The significance of the new finding is evaluated with a few examples of determinations of uranium and radium in groundwater samples. The too-low uranium results by alpha/beta LS spectrometry can be partly explained by increased quenching when the samples are measured at the PSA level set according to an unquenched sample. Because of the low alpha particle energies of uranium isotopes, their alpha spillovers to the beta window are clearly larger for quenched samples than the spillovers of 222Rn, 218Po, and 214Po.
Diagnosis and treatment on rare bleeding disorders (RBD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

血友病およびvon Willebrand病以外の先天性凝固因子障害症を希少出血性疾患(Rare bleeding disorders: RBD)と総称する.わが国におけるRBDは先天性第VII因子欠乏・低下/異常症が最も多く,次いで先天性フィブリノゲン欠乏・低下/異常症である.診断は血友病と同様に,詳細な病歴や家族歴を聴取し,出血症状を把握し,凝固スクリーニング検査と混合補正試験(クロスミキシング試験)を行い,最終的に各凝固因子の活性値や抗原量を測定して診断される.その際に後天性凝固因子インヒビターやループスアンチコアグラントの除外などが必要である.臨床症状は欠損する凝固因子によって様々であり,症状の程度は活性値と相関する凝固因子もあれば,そうでない凝固因子もあることも注意を要する.出血時や観血的手技や手術などの止血管理には,欠乏凝固因子を補充するために血液凝固因子製剤や新鮮凍結血漿による補充療法が行われる.本病態は臨床上極めて稀ではあるが,出血傾向を認める際での診断時には必ず考慮すべきである.
Orbital ectopic lacrimal gland tissue simulating a neoplasm. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case occurred of sclerosing chronic dacryoadenitis in lobules of ectopic lacrimal gland tissue diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy performed under computed tomographic guidance. This choristomatous lesion caused unilateral proptosis and clinically simulated a neoplasm. This is the first report of cytologic diagnosis of orbital ectopic lacrimal gland tissue using fine needle aspiration biopsy. The potential hazard of regarding glandular inclusions derived from inadvertent use of a needle on a normal lacrimal gland or glands as indicating metastatic neoplasms is stressed.
SOIL EROSION RISK IN BARAK PLAIN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE ENVIRONMENTALISTS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the soil erosion risk in agricultural areas of Barak Plain (Gaziantep). The magnitude of soil erosion risk was investigated by the application of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Geographic Information Systems and results were displayed as erosion risk maps. From the research area, 14 stations were determined. Soil erosion risk and several physicochemical properties of soils were investigated. The results showed a high erodibility factor and at the same time a very low content of organic matter in the soils of the studied area. This study indicated the necessity of taking more efficient precautions against erosion urgently
Comparative Analysis of Constitutional Basics Regarding Ensuring and Restoration of Legal Status of Social Subject from Azerbaijan to Kyrgyz Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article investigates comparative legal analysis of constitutional basics regarding perception, recognition, ensuring and observance of individuals’ legal status in some Post-Soviet Union countries like Azerbaijan, Kyrgyz Republic, and others. Importance of constitutional chamber in the Supreme Court of Kyrgyz Republic has been underlined. It is essential to mention that this idea was supported by researchers of professor Alankir’s School. Moreover, Japanese and Estonian legislators vested the Supreme Court with the power of constitutional oversight. At the same time, the prosecution office of Kyrgyz Republic together with Ombudsman ensure observance of citizens’ legal status and fulfill the function of general oversight. Attention has been drawn that prosecution office of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz Republic fulfills the function of general oversight. In Armenia it is not the President who is the guarantor of the Main Law and citizens’ legal status but the Constitutional Court and Cassation courts and the Defender of Human Rights who fulfills traditional functions of prosecutor’s general oversight when prosecution office is an attribute of justice. It has been stressed that in Post-Soviet Union countries the Main Law of Belarus and Kazakhstan has the most developed constitutional ensuring and observance of individuals’ legal status because the President of the state is recognized a guarantor for observance of citizens’ legal status. The Constitution of Georgia has more declarative legal regulation and this protection the citizen can receive by submitting a request to the Constitutional Court. The functions of prosecution office are not mentioned, and this body is an attribute of the Ministry of Justice.
On the Epinephrine Content of the Suprarenals in the Unilaterally Splanchnectomized Rabbit

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The approximate equality of the epinephrine load in the sister suprarenal glands in the cat as well as in the rabbit is a well established fact.It is probably ales the case in the dog.Concerning the rabbit especially abundant confirmation is to be found in the numerous reports, which have been made along these lines.In the 148 male rabbits of Fujii, for example, the difference of the epinephrine content in the sister glands, assayed by means of Kodama's modification of Folin, Cannon and Denis' method, was under 0.02 mgrm. in the majority of the cases, while the average total storage in both glands was 0.44 mgrm.1)That unilateral splanchnectomy does not disturb this approximate equality in cats was first observed by Elliott.2)It was further proved to be the case in dogs(?), cats(?) and also rabbits by Stewart and his associate.3)Fujii's determinations of the chromaffine substance in the rabbit agreed with their findings.4)As a matter of course, sufficient time should be given between the denervation and the principal experiment in order to allow the reestablishment of the load after the postopera tive exhaustion of the unprotected gland.In a recent research in the case of dogs, however, Fujii was able to find a somewhat greater load on the intact side than on the splachnectomiz 1)
Actinomycete Variants with Impaired Differentiation: Production in High Yield, Recognition and Phenotypic Characterization in Seven Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

S ummary . When plated on mineral synthetic media with D‐fructose as a sole carbon and energy source 7 strains of actinomycetes belonging to different streptomycete species regularly produced secondary variant colonies in high yield. Beside the ability of strepto‐mycetes to utilize fructose as a sole carbon source, the following factors were shown to be of importance in the control of variational events: the state of the parent culture used for platings; the composition of fructose‐containing media used for the production of variants. Indole, anthranilate and phenol inhibited formation of secondary colonies by most strains. Phenotypically all the variants obtained shared in common the loss of ability to form secondary (aerial) mycelium and spores as well as a tendency of the substrate mycelium to fragment. These traits were shown to be: hereditarily stable on all media tested for variants derived from Streptcmyces ruber, Str. roseolus, Str. lateritius and Str. roseoflavus var. roseofungini; less stable and nutritionally affected for variants derived from Str. albocyaneus, Str. roseoflavus and Str. anthocyaneus; unstable on all except fructose‐containing mineral medium for the variants of Str. flavofungini. Vegetative growth of some of the variants obtained was not inferior to that of parent cultures; some variants produced increased amounts of intracellular antibiotics. Some implications of the reported findings are discussed.
Leadership matters to the police: Managing emotional labour through authentic leadership

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

IMPACT: Policing is stressful, and this stress is amplified as a result of chronic under-resourcing and escalating red tape. Frontline managers of police play a crucial role in mitigating police stress, and improving their wellbeing. The research in this article highlights that police managers also shape the turnover intentions of officers. The implication is that policing organizations need to support their managers and leaders to develop qualities that advance the wellbeing of their staff, in order to address workplace stress and turnover. This article examines the impact of leadership on the behaviour of one type of street level bureaucrat (SLB): police officers’ wellbeing and turnover intentions. The findings address a gap in understanding how authentic leadership practices affect SLBs who undertake emotional labour. The methods involved analysing 220 surveys from Italian police officers using structural equation modelling. The findings show moderate-to-low mean scores for authentic leadership and police officers’ relationship with their supervisor, and that these variables were significant in explaining wellbeing and turnover intention outcomes. The implication of the research is that continual subjection to poor levels of leadership and management support will erode wellbeing, placing police officers are at a higher risk of negative mental health outcomes over time.
Additional file 1: of Development of a combined RLEP/16S rRNA (RT) qPCR assay for the detection of viable M. leprae from nasal swab samples

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The additional file comprises: Protocol 1. Conventional extraction of M. leprae DNA from clinical specimens; pp. 1–4. Protocol 2. RLEP PCR run protocol; pp. 5–6. Protocol 3. RLEP qPCR run protocol; pp. 7–8. Protocol 4. 16S rRNA RT qPCR run protocol; pp. 9–10. Protocol 5. Preparation of PANTA transport medium and stabilization of Mycobacterium leprae DNA/RNA in swab samples; pp. 11–13. Protocol 6. FastPrep extraction of M. leprae DNA from clinical specimens; pp. 14–17. Protocol 8. GAPDH mRNA (RT) qPCR run protocol; pp. 26–27. Table S1. Inter-assay variability; pp. 28. Table S2. Intra-assay variability; pp. 29. (PDF 265 kb)
THE METHOD OF STABILITY PROVIDING IN CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR DELAY AND DISRUPTION-TOLERANT CORPORATE COMPUTER NETWORKS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p><em> Розглянуто задачу забезпечення стійкості управління корпоративними комп’ютерними мережами. Розроблено метод стабілізації системи управління за наявності затримок в даних про сигнали управління</em><em>, що </em><em>базується на примусовому введенні полюсів системної функції всередину кола z-площини. Створено нову структуру еталонної моделі, що складається з послідовно сполучених лінійних компенсаційних ланок першого порядку.</em><em></em></p>
Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Theory (1962, 1995)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents an overview of a key overarching theory of adoption of innovations, Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory. A complex yet coherent set of concepts and models comprise the overall theory, which is summarized by the definition established by Rogers (2003): “the process by which (1) an innovation (2) is communicated through certain channels (3) over time (4) among the members of a social system” (p. 11, emphasis in the original). First, a brief background on Everett Rogers is provided, then a history of the development of the theory basis is presented. Next, the four core components of the theory, as well as the strengths and limitations of the theory are discussed. Finally, the relation between the diffusion of innovations theory and other technology adoption theories, specifically TAM and UTAUT are briefly described, with areas for possible further expansion identified.
Strain Sensitive Effect in a Triangular Lattice Photonic Crystal Hole-Modified Nanocavity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the theoretical and experimental investigations of the strain-induced resonant wavelength shift effect of a modified single-defect 2-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity resonator. The nanocavity was created by modifying the geometry, i.e., the diameters and shapes, of some specific holes in the triangular-lattice 2D PhC. Structural and optical simulations were performed based on the finite element method (FEM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD), respectively, to theoretically determine the optical characteristics and the strain sensitive effect of the nanocavity. Simulation results showed a linear relationship between strain and the shift of resonant wavelength of the nanocavity. The wavelength shifts due to longitudinal and transverse strains were theoretically determined to be 1.9 and 0.25pm/microstrain, respectively. The PhC nanocavity was also fabricated and the strain sensitive effect was measured. Experimental results confirmed the strain-induced resonant wavelength shift effect in the nanocavity. The resonant peak of the nanocavity was shifted about 100 pm to the longer wavelength when the nanocavity was stretched with a tensile strain of 300microstrain along the light-transmission direction. These results show a potential of using a PhC cavity to detect the strain by monitoring its resonant wavelength shift.
Self-Reported Methamphetamine Use Versus Biological Testing Among Treatment-Seeking Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use among treatment-seeking patients has been reported as inconsistent and therefore inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of self-reported methamphetamine use versus urinalysis in patients with methamphetamine use disorder at a drug treatment center. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder who were referred to the Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) clinic. Self-reported methamphetamine use in the last 72 hours was compared to urinalysis, conducted using the immunoassay technique. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), Cohen's kappa statistics, percent agreement, and positive percent agreement were estimated. Results: Only 24.6% of participants reported methamphetamine use during treatment. Self-reported methamphetamine use had a sensitivity of 50.0% and a NPV of 86.0%. The percent agreement, positive percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa statistic between self-reported use and the urine test were 86.0%, 42.8%, and 52.4%, respectively. No significant factors were found to be associated with the agreement between self-reported use and the urine test. Conclusions: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use appears to be relatively acceptable and can be used with caution for monitoring treatment.
Lumped-mass method for the study of band structure in two-dimensional phononic crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A lumped-mass method is introduced to study the propagation of elastic waves in two-dimensional periodic systems. First, it is used to calculate the band structure of an array of Pb columns in an epoxy background. Second, the method is applied to the same array of Pb columns in a soft rubber background. The results are compared with those calculated with the well-known plane-wave expansion formalism, where the advantages of the lumped-mass method are pointed out and analyzed. These advantages make it possible for easy calculations of band structures of phononic crystals with interfaces of large contrast of elastic constants as well as units of any shapes.
Assessment of antipyrine kinetics by measurement in saliva.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The half‐life of antipyrine has been estimated from saliva samples in ten subjects by a gas chromatographic method. Half‐life, apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance estimated from saliva and plasma concentrations of antipyrine are not significantly different. The concentration of antipyrine in saliva is independent of flow rate within the range expected in healthy subjects in response to mechanical and sapid stimuli. Antipyrine estimation in saliva could facilitate many areas of phaamacokinetic research limited by the difficulty of obtaining serial plasma samples.