jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Preparation and Properties of Hydrogel Cosmetic Color Contact Lens with Aniline Group

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, ultraviolet exposure is increasing day by day due to the destruction of the ozone layer and the increase in outdoor activities due to environmental pollution. On the other hand, the aniline group used in this study is the simplest structure of aromatic amines, and the characteristics of coloring in air are introduced into hydrogel hydrophilic contact lenses to be used as UV blocking contact lenses. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate [HEMA], Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate[EGDMA] as a crosslinking, and 2,2 -Azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) [AIBN] as a initiarorwere used as basic combinations. Also 2-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline(2A), 3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline(3A), 4-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline(4A) were added and copolymerized. As for 4A, the water content decreased as the addition ratio increased, and accordingly, the refractive index increased and the wettability decreased. 2A and 3A did not show significant changes in refractive index and wettability according to the addition ratio, but the moisture content of 2A decreased and the moisture content of 3A did not change significantly. In the case of light transmittance, there was no significant change in 2A and 3A, but at 10% of 3A and 4A, transmittance in the UV-B and UV-A regions was significantly lowered. Therefore, it is judged that these materials can be used in functional color contact lens for blocking UV rays.
A High-Density Integrated Genetic Linkage and Radiation Hybrid Map of the Laboratory Rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) is a key animal model for biomedical research. However, the genetic infrastructure required for connecting phenotype and genotype in the rat is currently incomplete. Here, we report the construction and integration of two genomic maps: a dense genetic linkage map of the rat and the first radiation hybrid (RH) map of the rat. The genetic map was constructed in two F 2 intercrosses (SHRSP × BN and FHH × ACI), containing a total of 4736 simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers. Allele sizes for 4328 of the genetic markers were characterized in 48 of the most commonly used inbred strains. The RH map is a lod ≥ 3 framework map, including 983 SSLPs, thereby allowing integration with markers on various genetic maps and with markers mapped on the RH panel. Together, the maps provide an integrated reference to >3000 genes and ESTs and >8500 genetic markers (5211 of our SSLPs and >3500 SSLPs developed by other groups). [Bihoreau et al. (1997); James and Tanigami, RHdb ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/RHdb/index.html ); Wilder ( http://www.nih.gov/niams/scientific/ratgbase ); Serikawa et al. (1992); RATMAP server ( http://ratmap.gen.gu.se )] RH maps (v. 2.0) have been posted on our web sites at http://goliath.ifrc.mcw.edu/LGR/index.html or http://curatools.curagen.com/ratmap . Both web sites provide an RH mapping server where investigators can localize their own RH vectors relative to this map. The raw data have been deposited in the RHdb database. Taken together, these maps provide the basic tools for rat genomics. The RH map provides the means to rapidly localize genetic markers, genes, and ESTs within the rat genome. These maps provide the basic tools for rat genomics. They will facilitate studies of multifactorial disease and functional genomics, allow construction of physical maps, and provide a scaffold for both directed and large-scale sequencing efforts and comparative genomics in this important experimental organism.
Analysis of Platelet Counts and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Bb Levels in Platelet Rich Plasma Produced with Edta as Anticoagulant in Three Different Centrifugation Methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product made of whole blood through centrifugation process producing high platelet concentrate in a small volume of plasma. This high platelet concentrate can lead to high growth factor levels that play important roles in the nature of thrombosis, hemostasis and wound healing. PRP has been widely used in clinical setting, however standardized procedure of PRP production has been lacking, mainly the procedure related to duration and speed of centrifugation, and also anticoagulant used. Aim: To analyze the difference between platelet counts and PDGF-BB levels in PRP produced from various preparation methods (centrifugation speed and duration), using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid /EDTA as anticoagulant. Method: This study used experimental laboratory design, involving 34 healthy volunteers that met inclusion criteria. These subjects were divided into three groups with different centrifugation methods that adopted from previous study. Results: The platelet counts was found in group 1, 2, and 3 with an increase of, 2,69, 3,69, and 2,53 times from the initial platelet counts respectively and there was significant difference between platelet counts before and after treatment on three groups that used EDTA (p=0,000, p=0,003, and p=0,002 for group 1, 2 and 3 respectively). PDGF-BB levels in this group was also higher than the remaining groups. Conclusion: The highest platelet counts and PDGF-BB levels was found in PRP with EDTA produced from first spin at 2800 RPM in five minutes, and second spin at 3800 RPM in seven minutes. This study suggests further research on qualitative assessments of platelets and PDGF-BB resulted from various preparation methods (centrifugation and anticoagulant usage).
Recovery of microelements from municipal sewage sludge by reed canary grass and giant miscanthus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the content, uptake, and utilization of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, and Mo from municipal sewage sludge by the reed canary grass (RCG) and the giant miscanthus (MG). The impact of sewage sludge on the mass ratios between microelements contained in the plant biomass was analyzed as well. The long-term field experiment consisted in application of four levels of fertilization with sewage sludge: 10, 20, 40, and 60 Mg DM·ha-1. A non-fertilized control object (0 Mg DM·ha-1) was used as well. The miscanthus biomass was characterized by higher content of Al and Mn, whereas higher levels of Fe, Co, and Mo were determined in the reed canary grass biomass. As in the case of the element content, the giant miscanthus was characterized by highest level of Al and Mn uptake, while the highest uptake of Fe, Co, and Mo was exhibited by the reed canary grass. In the group of the analyzed microelements, the giant miscanthus showed the highest the recovery of Mo (47%) followed by Mn (39%), Fe (35%), and Co (15%), and the lowest uptake was determined in the case of Al (5%).
Character Strength and Happiness among Environmental and Educational Volunteers in a Collectivistic Culture

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Volunteers participate in charitable activities sincerely without any certain expectations. Concerning this volunteerism, this study aims to investigate the influence of character strength on happiness in environmental and educational volunteers. Employing Seligman's happiness scale as a measurement instrument (α = 0.615) and Peterson and Seligman's (α = 0. 976) Value in Action - Inventory of Strength (VIA-IS) as a measurement instrument to determine character strength, 99 volunteers working in environmental and educational fields of voluntary organizations were recruited. The inclusion criteria for recruiting these participants included male or female participants over 18 years old, active at the organizations for at least six months, unmarried, and living in Yogyakarta. All obtained data were analyzed by using a Spearman correlation analysis technique and a regression analysis technique. The results of this study showed that some of the most influential types of character strength on happiness were leadership (r = 0.354, p = 0.000), appreciation of beauty and excellence (r = 0.337, p = 0.001), gratitude (r = 0.311, p = 0.002), forgiveness (r = 0.305, p = 0.002), and open-mindedness (r = 0.301, p = 0.002). In addition, types of character strength significantly influencing happiness are closely related to collectivistic culture.
Efficient Allocation of Radio Frequencies for Unlicensed Access

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Technological change over the past decade has focused attention on spectrum (radio frequency bandwidth) as a valuable economic resource in increasingly short supply and questioned the traditional processes of spectrum allocation. Market-based mechanisms have been introduced to assign radio frequencies for exclusive usage by individual network service providers. More recently, commercial success of services provided in licence-exempt spectrum bands has stimulated research on the efficient allocation of spectrum for unlicensed access operations. This paper argues that some spectrum may be used as commons for unlicensed operations regulated by device manufactures and suggests that those spectrum commons may be provided with incentive mechanisms based on radio-device manufacturers “matching behaviour”, which assumes strategic interactions of the demanders of a public good.
Trends in Mortality and Costs of Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been used for &gt;30 years as a life-sustaining therapy in critically ill patients for a variety of indications. In the current study, we aimed to examine trends in use, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs for pediatric ECLS hospitalizations. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (between the ages of 28 days and &lt;21 years) on ECLS using the 2008–2015 National Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer inpatient hospitalization database generated from hospital discharges. Nonparametric and Cochran-Armitage tests for trend were used to study in-hospital mortality, LOS, and hospitalization costs. RESULTS: Of the estimated 5847 patients identified and included for analysis, ECLS was required for respiratory failure (36.4%), postcardiotomy syndrome (25.9%), mixed cardiopulmonary failure (21.7%), cardiogenic shock (13.1%), and transplanted graft dysfunction (2.9%). The rate of ECLS hospitalizations increased 329%, from 11 to 46 cases per 100 000 pediatric hospitalizations, from 2008 to 2015 (P &lt; .001). Overall mortality decreased from 50.3% to 34.6% (P &lt; .001). Adjusted hospital costs increased significantly ($214 046 ± 11 822 to 324 841 ± 25 621; P = .002) during the study period despite a stable overall hospital LOS (46 ± 6 to 44 ± 4 days; P = .94). CONCLUSIONS: Use of ECLS in pediatric patients has increased with substantially improved ECLS survival rates. Hospital costs have increased significantly despite a stable LOS in this group. Dissemination of this costly yet life-saving technology warrants ongoing analysis of use trends to identify areas for quality improvement.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Small Boron Oxide Nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of small boron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. A sonochemical approach in the presence of a capping agent was employed to produce approximately 4-5-nm-sized B2O3 NPs, including the 10B isotopically enriched form. The morphology and composition of the NPs were established using transmission electron microscopy and diffraction, respectively. X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies provided information about surface functionalization of the B2O3 NPs, which can be further modified through a facile, one-step ligand-exchange process. The toxicity of the synthesized NPs was investigated in Chinese hamster ovarian cells, indicating that these systems were nontoxic up to 1.7 mM concentrations.
Character association of wheat varieties under different degree of shades

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Morphological, Physiological characters and yield components were studied in five wheat varieties in order to find out the genetic association of different characters towards grain yield under different degree of shades.The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with three main plot consisting three levels of light exposures i.e. full sunlight, 2/3 and 1/3 of full sunlight and five sub-plot treatments consisted of five varieties of wheat at GBPUA and T, Pantnagar during 2010-11 and 2011-12.The character association analysis revealed that grain weight/spike and 1000 grain weight had strong positive and significant correlation with gain yield during both the growing season.Fertile spikelets had a significant positive correlation with potential shoots m -2 during both years.Number of grains spike -1 was positively associated with grain weight spike -1 , 1000 grain weight and days to 50 per cent heading in 2010-11 but it was negatively correlated with days to 80 per cent maturity in 2011-12.
"Vasovagal" syncope.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

We report a family of K+ channels, kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs) from a fungus-like protist. Previously known potassium channels, widespread and mainly ligand- or voltage-gated, share a conserved pore-forming domain and K+-selectivity filter. KCRs differ in that they are light-gated and they have independently evolved an alternative K+ selectivity mechanism. The KCRs are potent, highly selective of K+ over Na+, and open in less than 1 millisecond following photoactivation. Their permeability ratio PK/PNa of ∼ 20 make KCRs powerful hyperpolarizing tools that suppress excitable cell firing upon illumination, demonstrated here in mouse cortical neurons. KCRs enable specific optogenetic photocontrol of K+ gradients promising for the study and potential treatment of potassium channelopathies such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and long-QT syndrome and other cardiac arrhythmias.

One-Sentence Summary

Potassium-selective channelrhodopsins long-sought for optogenetic research and therapy of neurological and cardiac diseases.
Non-Contact Interrogation of Railroad Axles Using Laser-Based Ultrasonic Inspection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Current nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques available to the railroad industry require the removal of wheelsets in maintenance shops where inspections are performed on axles and wheels. These techniques also require contact or near contact conditions between the tested wheel or axle and the inspection probe. A non-contact technique is being tested to enable dynamic wayside ultrasonic inspections to be performed on railcar wheels and axles. The laser ultrasonic inspection system is based on the laser air-hybrid ultrasonic technique (LAHUT), a technique that combines laser generation and air-coupled detection of ultrasound. The technique has the unique characteristic of interrogating a specimen with significant distance between the inspection probe and the surface of the specimen. Laser generation apparatus can be several yards away from the interrogated surface while air-coupled detection standoff can be on the order of several inches. The technique also has the capability of interrogating structural materials in their true industrial environment. Dynamic tests can be performed on parts with complex geometry, areas of limited accessibility, and curved surfaces. Also, dark and rough finish surfaces, which significantly reduce the efficiency of optical detection techniques, can be interrogated successfully. These characteristics make LAHUT ideal for the railroad industry. A proof of concept (POC) demonstration was conducted in August 2004 at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC), targeting the critical cracks in railcar axles. The axles were tested for surface breaking cracks in the axle body. The results were successful and repeatable. The technique lends itself for digital collection and automated processing of data, making it a very strong candidate for next-generation railroad wayside inspections.
School Bonding: Helping At-Risk Youth Become Students At-Promise

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if non at-risk and four types of at-risk secondary school students perceive school bonding differently. Findings indicate there are differences between the two groups of students on affective, cognitive and behavioral components of school bonding, although no differences were found between at-risk types. Girls showed stronger bonds to school while boys who were depressed were less affiliated to peers and fostered more negative attitudes towards teachers than other students.
Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antibacterial and antifungal agents aim to kill pathogens, or at the very least incapacitate them. To achieve this aim these agents must have a reasonable degree of toxicity at the cellular level. If this toxicity was equally manifest against all cell types then the drugs would be unusable in patients as the side effect profile would be unacceptably severe. Selective toxicity, whereby the agents are orders of magnitude more toxic to bacteria or fungi than human cells, allows for the safe and effective administration of these agents to patients. There are a number of different mechanisms by which an antimicrobial agent can yield selective toxicity: ● Target a cellular structure that exists only in bacteria/fungi—e.g. the cell wall; ● Target a cellular structure that has a significantly different structure in bacteria/ fungi— e.g. the ribosome; the fungal cell membrane; ● Target cellular enzymes that are significantly different in bacteria/fungi e.g. topoisomerase; ● Target a synthetic pathway that exists only in bacteria e.g. folate synthesis. Broadly, antibacterial drugs can be divided into the following categories: ● Agents that target the cell wall; ● Agents that target the cell membrane; ● Agents that inhibit protein synthesis; ● Agents that inhibit DNA replication/ transcription of RNA; ● Agents that target folate synthesis; ● Agents that directly damage intracellular structures. The cell wall is unique to bacteria, and therefore an ideal target. Disrupting the complex cross-linking process required to produce the cell wall leads to loss of bacterial cell integrity and therefore to cell death. The following classes of antibiotics target the cell wall: The first class to be discovered, and still in many cases the most effective, incorporates the four-membered beta-lactam ring—its homology to d-alanyl-d-alanine allows beta-lactam-containing compounds to bind to cell wall peptidoglycans and act as chain terminators. The beta-lactam ring is fused to a five-membered sulphur-containing ring. Variations in side chains account for the differing pharmacokinetics and spectra of action of the different compounds—for example, the addition of an amino group to benzylpenicillin produces ampicillin.
Identification of rumours in social networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a world of 7.6 billion population, it is quite challenging to collect information from each and every corner of the world about every person or about every event/incident. With the rapid growth of technology, people have a wide range of options to communicate across the world. But, the easiest as well as the most trending platform to share information, images and videos is the emerging ‘social media platforms’. Information shared over social media is extraordinarily rapid, faster than traditional media such as TVs and newspapers and can reach everyone within few seconds just by the click of a button. But how far such information is reliable and authentic, is the biggest concern. Rapid spread of “any” kind of information can also lead to the spread of many misleading or false information. As such information reaches people without any prior verification for authenticity, there are high chances of chaos and anxiety among people, unnecessary panic, wastage of time, and even loss of life and property especially during disaster. So, the need to establish efficient methods to detect these rumours and study their behaviour of dissemination i.e. the way they ‘spread’ all over the social media, and take necessary actions to combat them, has become not only important but also quite challenging. In this thesis, several techniques used to detect rumours have been discussed briefly, and out of these, predicting the ‘rumour’ and studying its variation with time is the primary focus. This is shown by the help of ‘Time Series Variation’ of detecting rumours, using graphical transformation approach and graph edit distance, which tells about the possibility of a certain information being a ‘rumour’, by analysing its dissemination over time. Once, the possibility of a rumour is detected, it is compared or checked with reliable news sources to finally approve of it being a rumour or not.
Research Directions for Occupational Therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Brief| Online June 01 1991 Research Directions for Occupational Therapy Nedra P. Gillette Nedra P. Gillette Nedra P. Gillette, MEd, OTR, is Director of Professional Research Services, American Occupational Therapy Foundation, PO Box 1725, Rockville, Maryland 20849–1725 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author & Article Information Online Issn: 1943-7676 Print Issn: 0272-9490 Copyright © 1991 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.1991 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1991, Vol. 45(6), 563–565. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.45.6.563 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nedra P. Gillette; Research Directions for Occupational Therapy. Am J Occup Ther June 1991, Vol. 45(6), 563–565. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.45.6.563 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright © 1991 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Face behind the Fountain: What Heidegger did Not See in Origin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Heidegger claimed that world beings, existing or extant, including artworks, become intelligible in the preservation of perceptual determinations instigated by some extraordinary art that stands apart in being world-disclosive. In the lack of adequate premising scholarship has found this claim so incoherent, that it dismissed its seriousness and has treated all art Heidegger pointed to as equal. Besides being an issue in itself, this relinquishing leaves unanswered the biggest liability in Heidegger’s philosophy, the so-called “Münchhausen circularity” between Being and Dasein in the creation of world. But there is evidence to actually validate the exorbitant claim, evidence Heidegger himself did not see emerging as a potential from within his own conjectures. A phenomenological reduction that allows the implementation of suprasegmental theory of prosody suggests that Blonde Youth, an early fifth century Greek statue is the missing art through which all art, and with it all world constituency, has become intelligible.