jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship between adult subventricular neurogenesis and Alzheimer’s disease: Pathologic roles and therapeutic implications

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by irreversible cognitive declines. Senile plaques formed by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein accumulation, are prominent neuropathological features of AD. Impairment of adult neurogenesis is also a well-known pathology in AD. Adult neurogenesis is the process by which neurons are generated from adult neural stem cells. It is closely related to various functions, including cognition, as it occurs throughout life for continuous repair and development of specific neural pathways. Notably, subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis, which occurs in the lateral ventricles, transports neurons to several brain regions such as the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. These migrating neurons can affect cognitive function and behavior in different neurodegenerative diseases. Despite several studies indicating the importance of adult SVZ neurogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders, the pathological alterations and therapeutic implications of impaired adult neurogenesis in the SVZ in AD have not yet been fully explained. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the alterations in adult SVZ neurogenesis in AD animal models and patients. Moreover, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches for restoring impaired adult SVZ neurogenesis. Our goal is to impart to readers the importance of adult SVZ neurogenesis in AD and to provide new insights through the discussion of possible therapeutic approaches.
Collection and Evaluation of the Traditional Application of Some Plants of Jam&Riz

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Despite plenty of chemical drugs present in the markets, application of medicinal herbs is going to increase. Whiles long or in some cases sectional usage of these chemical drugs may lead to side effects that sometimes they are more dangerous than its disease. This is a good reason to increase the universal attitude application of medicinal herbs and their productions. Today, traditional medicine and ethnobotany are two attractive topics in many countries. Traditional medicine is referred to ancient studies and experiments; and ethnobotany is referred to cognition of native herbal science in a region. The aim of ethnopharmacology is to improve the preparation methods of some products that are used by people; however to achieve this goal, some information about active compounds of these plants, the role of these compounds in development of biological effects, and the toxic effects of the plants should be available. Methods & Materials: In this research, we have collected and identified the plants in some parts of Jam&Riz town. the plants of this region were collected and systematically identified during 2012 and 2013. Furthermore, traditional applications of the collected plants were recorded through interviewing native people of the region. Results: A total of 74 medical plants belonging to 33 families were identified. Zataria multiflora, Rumex vesicarius, Otostegia persica and Astragalus fasciculifolius had the highest cultural importance index. Zataria multiflora, Otostegia persica, Calatropis procera and Ephedra pachyclada had the highest FRC index, respectively. The highest application was for gasterointestinal disease, epiderm disorders, respiratory disorders, infection diseases, mouth and tooth disease, kidney disorders, respectively. Concolusion: The results indicated that most plants of the region were valuable medicinal plants.
An international public health crisis: can global institutions respond effectively to HIV/AIDS?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The United Nations Millennium Project (2005 UN Millennium Project , 2005 . Combating AIDS in the developing world ( London : Taskforce on HIV/AIDS, Malaria, TB, and Access to Essential Medicines: Working Group on HIV/AIDS, Earthscan ). [Google Scholar]) describes the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a ‘global catastrophe, threatening social and economic stability in the most affected areas, while spreading relentlessly into new regions’. Multilateral institutions under the leadership of the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization have been charged with coordinating the worldwide response. Yet with attention and funding diverted between bilateral, regional and multilateral aid providers, and little discernible success in containing the global epidemic to date, it remains an open question whether traditional global institutions are able to effectively combat HIV/AIDS. It is argued that bilateral relationships are still heavily relied upon at present as traditional multilateral arrangements struggle for resources and political attention. The critical questions discussed here are whether global institutions should, can and will respond effectively to the HIV/AIDS crisis. This analysis finds that the most readily organised and deployed global response will likely involve an alliance of public and private agencies that can escape some of the domestic, political and organisational constraints inherent in existing HIV/AIDS funding arrangements. Ultimately, newer hybrid arrangements that have emerged recently, like the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, may offer a more enduring global regime to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The corollary is that UN agencies alone in their traditional form, hampered by multilateral practicalities, will be less effective.
Nerve Terminal Remodeling Visualized in Living Mice by Repeated Examination of the Same Neuron

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The distribution of presynaptic endings on the surfaces of autonomic ganglion cells was mapped in living mice after intravenous administration of a styryl pyridinium dye. The staining and imaging techniques did not appear to damage the ganglion cells, or the synapses on them; these procedures could therefore be repeated after an arbitrary period. Observations of the same neurons at intervals of up to 3 weeks indicate that the pattern of preganglionic terminals on many of these nerve cells gradually changes.
Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.
Serological evidence of egg drop syndrome&amp;#8217;1976 (EDS&amp;#8217;76) in free-range chickens at chicken market sites in Jos, Nigeria

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Serological evidence of EDS&amp;apos;76 virus in free-range chickens at the various chicken markets (Kasuwan kaji, New market, Gada biyu, and Kugiya) located in Jos and its environs was investigated through antibody detection. The serum samples randomly collected from chickens were assayed for antibodies against EDS&amp;apos;76 virus by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. It was observed that 292 (15.2%) of the 1920 sera tested were positive for EDS&amp;apos;76 antibodies with HI titres ranging between log22 and log2128 and geometric mean titre (GMT) between 4.9 and 13.1. Of this number of positive sera, 150 (51.4%) were from Kasuwan kaji, 90 (30.8%) from Kugiya, 30 (10.3%) from Gada biyu, and 22 (7.5%) from New market. This finding indicates activities EDS 76 virus among the free-range chickens in the study area.
Access to children's medical records.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Case histories are based on actual medical negligence claims or medicolegal referrals; however certain facts have been omitted or changed by the author to ensure the anonymity of the parties involved. When the parents of a young child are separated or divorced, it is not uncommon for general practitioners to receive requests from one of the parents for information about the medical management of the child, including a request for a copy of the child's medical records. The role of the GP is to provide medical care to the child and act in the child's best interests. This article outlines some strategies for GPs to minimise the possibility of becoming 'piggy in the middle' of a dispute between the parents.
Intellectuals at Work: Preliminary Considerations on Medieval Scholars' Autograph Scripts (From the Second Half of the Twelfth to the Thirteenth Century)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is not unusual that, in the course of their intellectual work, medieval scholars wrote on their own, without the help of a secretary or a scribe. A large quantity of material evidence kept in our libraries shows this important (and almost completely unknown) phenomenon of autography within European universities in their earliest phase. The aim of this paper is to lay the groundwork for a new and original research project, which will be carried out mainly through the analysis of ‘unofficial places’ of writing, like handwritten marginal notes, comments, drafts, or reportationes
produced by the students themselves. These sources are to be investigated with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at combining the palaeographical examination of scripts used by non-professional but cultured writers and a comprehensive study of those kinds of texts which directly represent the work and thought of learned academicians.
The focus is on both the history of text writing (understood as the authors’ work in progress) and the use of university books, which can be chronicled through the study of the marginalia and material features of the preserved manuscripts.
Absorption of Penicillin from the Nose and Alimentary Canal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Conclusions1. Penicillin is absorbed from the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon of rats about one-fifth as well as from intramuscular injection. 2. Penicillin is also absorbed from the nose or mouth of dogs about one-fourth as well as from intramuscular injection. 3. Concentrations higher than 25,000 units of penicillin per cc depress, reversibly, the ciliary activity in frog's esophagus. 4. Penicillin may be sprayed into the nose in concentrations of 100,000 units per cc without producing significant irritation. 5. Although the blood concentrations following intranasal spraying of penicillin are low, they may enhance local antibacterial effects in the upper respiratory tract.
A Class III Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of a Drill Pad, Skid Trails and Two Borrow Pits at U20ai, Pahute Mesa, Nye County, Nevada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Nevada Test Site wishes to conduct a nuclear test on Pahute Mesa at Site U20ai (N905600, E556450, NCS-CZ). The preparations for this event include the construction of a drilling pad to place the drill rig, skid trails to move the rig to the site and an alpha pad to hold trailers with monitoring instruments.
Sizing passive filters for mitigation of harmonics in a low voltage network containing solar PV units

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The continual growth of renewables in the distribution scale is converting the conventional arrangement of power grid into a modern arrangement in which the Distribution Generation (DG) units are included within the distribution section of any power system. These renewable units include power electronics-based converters in their construction and the advent of these new technologies deteriorates the Power Quality (PQ) and introduces serious issues of harmonic distortion in both voltage and current waveforms. This research attempts to alleviate the problem of harmonic distortion in low voltage distribution networks containing solar PV modules through the proper sizing of adaptive Passive Harmonic Filters (PHFs). For this purpose, a real distribution network is simulated by ETAP environment, and the harmonic's load flow study is performed to specify the harmonic content at various busbars in the network. Hence PHF models based on the frequency scan performed are proposed to minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the network. The results of the simulations performed have shown that this approach reduces the THD significantly to comply with the permissible limits specified by the international standards IEEE STD 519 and IEC STD 61,000–3–6.
Comparative study of herbicides on yield and economics of wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2012-2013 in Chandra Sekhar Azad University of Agriculture and technology, Kanpur (U.P.). Grain and straw yield varied significantly due to different herbicide and herbicidal combination.Twice hand weeding plot recorded significantly higher grain as well as straw yield. However, the sole application of herbicides, sulfosulfuron and carfentrazon-ethyl did not differed significantly from each other in respect of grain and straw yields but these obtained significantly higher grain and straw yield in sole application of metsulfuron-methyl and Clodinafop. The higher net income (Rs 57061/ha) and B:C ratio (2.25) were found with the application of sulfosulfuron (25g a.i. / ha) + Carfentrazon (10g a.i./ha) followed by application of sulfosulfuron (25g a.i. / ha) and carfentrazon-ethyl (15g ai/ha) net income (Rs 56519/ha) and B : C ratio (2.24).
Indoor Positioning: A Comparison of WiFi and Bluetooth Low Energy for Region Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile devices like smartphones equipped with several sensors make indoor positioning possible at low costs. This enables location based services, like mobile marketing, navigation, and assistive technologies in healthcare. In case of supporting disoriented people, the exact position of the person has not to be known, but it is sufficient to inform a caretaker when the attended person enters a critical region. This is the so-called region monitoring approach. The paper presents results from region monitoring implemented as an app for Android smartphones using WiFi and the low power protocol Bluetooth Low Energy respectively. Both networks are compared regarding accuracy and the power consumption on the mobile device.
The role of parents/carers in the road safety education of children and youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1999 VicRoads instigated a review of world's best practice in the traffic safety education of young children. As a result of the review, VicRoads has reassessed its early childhood traffic safety education programs and strategies to maximise the potential to reduce childhood injury. The review established the importance of parents as road safety role models for their children and also their potential to be their primary trainers in road safety skills. Parents/carers also have a critical role in providing opportunities for their learner driver to gain extensive and varied driving experience prior to gaining their licence. Overseas research has shown that learner drivers with over 100 hours of driving practice have a significantly lower crash risk after becoming independent drivers. VicRoads has developed and implemented the 'Keys Please' program, which targets parents/carers and their learner driver together. This paper and presentation will describe the rationale for and the approaches being undertaken by VicRoads to involve parents/carers in the road safety education of their children. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E206143.
Propolis Diterpenes as a Remarkable Bio-Source for Drug Discovery Development: A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Propolis is one of the complex, but valuable, bio-sources for discovering therapeutic compounds. Diterpenes are organic compounds composed of four isoprene units and are known for their biological and pharmacological characteristics, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, advancements have been made in the development of antibacterial and anticancer leads from propolis-isolated diterpenes, and scrutiny of these compounds is being pursued. Thus, this review covers the progress in this arena, with a focus on the chemistry and biological activities of propolis diterpenes. It is anticipated that important information, in a comprehensive and concise manner, will be delivered here for better understanding of natural product drug discovery research.
Master-slave control for walking rehabilitation robot

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this paper, we described the design of the rehabilitation robot system which has been developed in our laboratory. The idea of this design is to control the rehabilitation robot by using a Master-Slave control approach which allows therapists to control the rehabilitation robot for a treatment session remotely. The system consists of a rehabilitation robot (slave) and the gait cycle sensing system (master). The gait cycle sensing system synchronized with the rehabilitation robot via wireless communication so that the therapist can control the movement of the rehabilitation robot directly by his/her own motion.
Unhierarchical coding of image wavelet coefficients without sending the sign

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new algorithm for embedded image coding is presented. The method used is based on wavelet decomposition. We obtain results only slightly worse than those obtained using the best published algorithms based on the wavelet transform and from these results we assign a relative importance to the relation between the coefficients of different frequency bands. The main characteristics of this new codification are embedded code and coding the transform matrix without sending the sign of each coefficient and without keeping in mind any relation between the coefficients. We apply a successive quantization to the wavelet coefficients and an index to those coefficients greater than the threshold is sent to the decoder.
PEMAKNAAN GAMBAR KARTUN “CLEKIT” PADA HARIAN KORAN JAWA POS (STUDI SEMIOTIKA GAMBAR KARTUN CLEKIT PADA HARIAN JAWA POS EDISI 19 NOVEMBER 2016)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study is based on the meaning of clekit cartoon images. Cartoon drawing as a means ofsocial criticism often we meet in this media, in the era of the media today is usually a case that is pouredinto the cartoon to make the news more interesting. The formulation of the problem of this research is themeaning and message whether contained in cartoon picture clekit daily Newspaper Jawa Pos editionNovember 19, 2016.Teori Sanders Peirce argue that the sign is formed through a relationship of triangle,ie the sign associated with the object to be analyzed with icons, indexes, and symbols in Charles SandersPierce semiotics. The method used is semiotic analysis which is included in descriptive qualitativeresearch. Here the qualitative method uses Sanders Sanders Pierce theory, by using the sign of the icons,indexes, and symbols. The results of this study based on the analysis of data that can be from the meaningof clekit cartoon images, which produces the meaning and message contained in cartoon images clekitdaily newspaper Java Post of 19 November 2016 edition.Keywords : Semiotics, cartoon image, meaning of cartoon clekit
Lessons from the local Universe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Resolved galaxies in the local Universe are fundamentally connected to galaxies observed at all cosmic epochs. The IMF, extinction law, distance ladder, and stellar evolution are all anchored in observations of resolved stars in the nearby Universe. In this talk, I highlight new links between resolved galaxies and those in the higher redshift Universe, and discuss how future observations of resolved stars are essential for a complete and accurate census of galaxy evolution across cosmic time.
A pragmatic approach to the problem of the self-adjoint extension of Hamilton operators with the Aharonov-Bohm potential

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of self-adjoint extension of Hamilton operators for\ncharged quantum particles in the pure Aharonov-Bohm potential (infinitely thin\nsolenoid). We present a pragmatic approach to the problem based on the\northogonalization of the radial solutions for different quantum numbers. Then\nwe discuss a model of a scalar particle with a magnetic moment which allows to\nexplain why the self-adjoint extension contains arbitrary parameters and give a\nphysical interpretation.\n
Gloved Appendectomy Performed With a Gloved Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery Technique Versus Conventional Multiport Laparoscopic Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Using a commercially available multichannel port for single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) can be cost prohibitive to the development of this novel surgical technique.The use of a glove and Alexis wound protector allows laparoscopic surgeons to perform glove single incision laparoscopic surgery (G-SILS) at lower cost.Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the G-SILS technique as an alternative surgical procedure for appendectomy and to present a comparison between G-SILS with conventional multiport laparoscopic (CML) technique in terms of operative outcomes. Materials and Methods:This was a case-control study to compare G-SILS and CML techniques in appendectomy.This is a retrospective analysis of all appendectomies done using the G-SILS technique by single surgeon from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2012.It was performed to evaluate an initial experience of this surgical approach.Parameters for analysis include duration of surgery, conversion rate, perioperative complications, postoperative length of stay, and 6-month follow-up outcome.The control group of patients were specifically matched with respect to patient's age and sex before analysis of surgical outcomes to serve as the best comparison cohort.Results: G-SILS was successfully performed in 18 patients (7 female, 11 male) with acute appendicitis versus CML group with 18 patients (8 female, 10 male).The mean age of the G-SILS case study group was 35 Ϯ 15.4 years, and for the CML control group, mean age was 35 Ϯ 15.1 years.The mean operative time of the G-SILS technique is slightly longer than that of the CML technique (55 Ϯ 14.1 minutes vs 45 Ϯ 10.2 minutes, P ϭ .053).The mean postoperative length of hospital stay is almost similar for both groups (1.3 Ϯ 0.6 days vs 1.1 Ϯ 0.3 days, P ϭ .104).There were no conversion, perioperative, or 6-month postoperative complications observed in either group. Conclusions:The use of glove and Alexis wound protector for G-SILS is relatively safe.It is a feasible alternative surgical approach for appendectomy.