jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Gene Expression Is Responsive to Starvation Stress and Developmental Transition in Trypanosoma cruzi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chagas disease is caused by insect-transmitted Trypanosoma cruzi . Halting T. cruzi ’s life cycle in one of its various human and insect life stages would effectively stop the parasite’s infection cycle. T. cruzi is exposed to a variety of environmental conditions in its different life stages, and gene expression must be remodeled to survive these changes. In this work, we look at the impact that one of these changes, nutrient depletion, has on the expression of the 20 gene products encoded in the mitochondrial genome that is neglected by whole-genome studies. We show increases in mitochondrial RNA abundances in starved insect-stage cells, under two conditions in which transition to the infectious stage occurs or does not. This report is the first to show that T. cruzi mitochondrial gene expression is sensitive to environmental perturbations, consistent with mitochondrial gene expression regulatory pathways being potential antiparasitic targets.
Effects of 5-Fluride on heat shock protein 27 and 70 in oral squamous carcer cell line

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose:To study the significance of HSP27 and HSP70 in chemotherapy for oral squamous carcer(OSC).In this experiment,OSC cell line 4(OSC-4) was selected for sample,which was separated at random and cultured in DMEM medium with 100 μg/mL 5-Fu.Methods:We used MTT to assay the survival of OSC-4 cell,the flow cytometry to detect apoptosis and Western Blot to detect the levels of HSP27 and HSP70.Results:The survival OSC-4 cell was inhibited after the treatment with 5-Fu(P0.05).Western Blot showed the HSP27 and HSP70 expression in OSC-4,which could be enhanced by 5-Fu.Besides,there was the expression of HSP27 and HSP70 in other OSC cell lines,but the latter expression was different from the former expression.Conclusion:5-Fu induces the apoptotic damage,showing the time and dose dependence in OSC-4 and up-regulates the expression of HSP27 and HSP70.
Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of twenty one new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mustelin, Tomas (2006): Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of twenty one new species. Zootaxa 1278: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273509
Short communication: : Colonisation of pig gallbladders with Salmonella species important to public health

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SALMONELLA species have been isolated from human, cattle and goat gallbladders (Chandra and others 2006, Dias and others 2013, Gonzalez-Escobedo and Gunn 2013). Salmonella species genetically regulate mechanisms of resistance to the antibacterial and detergent-like properties of bile salts, thus they survive for a long time in this hostile environment (Begley and others 2005). They do it, either by down-regulating secretion and invasion genes in the type III secretion system of pathogenicity (Prouty and Gunn 2000) or by forming protective biofilms on gallstones (Crawford and others 2010). Their survival leads to lengthy intermittent shedding of pathogenic serovars or multidrug resistant strains (Gonzalez-Escobedo and Gunn 2013).

Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella species serovars in the gallbladder of slaughtered pigs and evaluate their antimicrobial resistance, thus their public health importance.

One hundred and twenty-three gallbladders collected from randomly selected healthy pigs at slaughter over a period of 6 months were cultured following ISO 6579 (ISO 2002) (Annex D). Suspect colonies were subcultured on nutrient agar, confirmed as Gram negative, tested for oxidase production, utilisation of Triple Sugar Iron Agar (Merck, Germany) and assigned to species using the Microgen systems GnA and B-ID (Microgen …
Flake-Making and the “Cognitive Rubicon”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Stone tools have a continuous record extending some 3.3 million years. Our hominin ancestors engaged in relatively simple stone flaking, and stone tools of extreme complexity were produced by cognitively modern humans in the Pleistocene and Holocene. For this reason, stone tools offer a tangible means for tracking the evolution of cognition in our genus. This chapter discusses a recent series of experiments controlled for modern flintknapper intent, the results suggesting that aspects of ancient tool forms sometimes viewed as deliberate can in fact be produced with no more intention than that seen in the removal of individual flakes. But the removal of individual flakes is itself a cognitively challenging task, one that places the earliest hominin flintknappers across the “cognitive Rubicon” from their primate relatives.
Finite Element Simulation and Dynamic Test of the Bridge Structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we established a bridge three-dimensional finite element model for the structural dynamic analysis according to the geometry and material properties of a bridge Li Gong Yi Qiao at Wuhan University of Technology. On the other hand, we tested the dynamic characteristics of the bridge under environmental excitation by means of bridge sensors arranged at different points. The modal parameters of the bridge were identified through fitting the admittance circle. The comparison between the measured results and the theoretical studies has shown that the low-order vibration frequency and mode obtained from finite element analysis generally consistent with those from test. The finite element model provides a scientific basis for condition monitoring of the bridge in actual operations.
Strengthening of structural elements using poly vinyl alcohol and glass fiber composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engineered Cementitious Concrete (ECC), widely known to be Bendable Concrete. The advantage of ECC is that it can be molded easily in the required form and it is utterly reinforced with short random fibers, both polymer, and non-polymer fibers. It is known for its good compressive, tensile and flexural behavior. To overcome the absence of strain hardening property in conventional concrete, ECC was instituted. In the sulfate chloride environment, the ECC material remains durable when compared to normal concrete. As per referred works of literature the fibers usage should not exceed 2%. In this study, four mixes were made. There were two mixes with mono fibered reinforcement and two mixes with hybrid fibered reinforcement. Here the PVA and Glass fibers are hybridized to reach the mechanical performance of the ECC mixes. Superplasticizer used here in this study, improves the workability and minimize the shrinkage cracks. As far as mechanical performance is concerned, hybrid fiber reinforcement of PVA and glass is shown to be high in compression, mono fiber reinforcement with glass is shown to be high in both tensile and flexure.
Provably optimal scheduling of similar tasks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of processing a given number of tasks on a given number of processors as quickly as possible when the processing times of the tasks are variable and not known in advance. The tasks are assigned to the processors in chunks consisting of several tasks at a time, and the difficulty lies in finding the optimal tradeoff between the processors' load balance, which is favoured by having small chunks, and the total scheduling overhead, which will be the lower the fewer chunks there are. Our studies are motivated by a practical problem from high-performance computing, namely parallel-loop scheduling, for which a large variety of heuristics have been proposed in the past, but hardly any rigorous analysis has been presented to date. Our work is based on a generic approach that covers the whole spectrum of processing time irregularity. This approach does not make any assumptions about task processing times, but instead works with estimated ranges for processing times, one for each chunk size, and a measure for the overall deviation of the actual processing times from these estimates. Our analysis provides a general upper bound applicable for every conceivable setting of these parameters, together with lower bounds showing that no algorithm can do significantly better than the ones we propose. Our general result implies optimal bounds for a whole variety of specific settings, including the modelling of task processing times as independent, identically distributed random variables, which underlies most of the previously existing heuristics. Our results confirm the practicability of certain well-established techniques for parallel-loop scheduling, while, on the other hand, revealing major flaws in other approaches.
Semi-automated semantic annotation of the biomedical literature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Semantic annotations are a core enabler for efficient retrieval of relevant infor-mation in the life sciences as well in other disciplines. The biomedical literature is a major source of knowledge, which however is underutilized due to the lack of rich annotations that would allow automated knowledge discovery. We briefly describe the results of the SASEBio project (Semi Automated Semantic Enrich-ment of the Biomedical Literature) which aims at adding semantic annotations to PubMed abstracts, in order to present a richer view of the existing literature. 1
Axonal Diameter Mapping as a biomarker for mTBI as detected by ultrahigh-bvalue DWI in a high performance Head-only gradient system, MAGNUS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Motivation: Detect a mild traumatic brain injury with a reliable diagnostic for staging disease state and the testing therapies for treating the malady in acute and long term phase. Goal(s): Develop a MRI biomarker that can be repeated used on patients especially in the warfighter population which have more that 500,000 diagnosed mTBI over the past 30 year. Approach: Use of diffusion MRI to determine the white matter microstructural state namely the axon diameter. Results: MAGNUS SE-DWI high-B can detect changes in axon diameter and follow these changes in single subject over time. Impact: High B-value diffusion imaging (b &gt; 30000 mm2/sec) can detect changes in mild TBI subjects that can be seen to progress through the recovery process. The high-performance gradient system, MAGNUS, (200mT/m, 500T/m/s) scanning without peripheral nerve stimulation in the subject.
Video conferencing : the experiences of a mathematics teacher

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Video conferencing is a relatively new technology for primary schools in England and it is normally used as a tool for distance learning. This thesis is a phenomenological case study that describes a course of mathematical enrichment sessions delivered through the medium of video conferencing to a group of 36 able children across six primary schools. The sessions are delivered by me, which gives the study a reflective and reflexive aspect since I have a dual role as both the teacher and the researcher. \n \nAs well describing the experiences of the children, there is a focus on the teaching strategies that are used in this virtual environment and how they evolve over time. The thesis is structured around a framework of teaching strategies consisting of four categories; cognitive, compensation, metacognitive and affective strategies. The project makes use of video recordings, children’s diaries, a personal log, lesson plans and interview transcripts and the methods used include visual discourse analysis and Bloom’s method of stimulated recall. \n \nSuccessful and effective are the terms used for describing the outcome of a video conference in relation to technology and pedagogy respectively. This study shows that the evolution of teaching strategies is centred around creating routines to address the uncertainty of the virtual environment rather than focusing directly on pedagogy. \n \nThe three major findings of this study are: \n \n1. Site facilitators are not an essential requirement for ensuring the smooth running of a video conference. This study has shown that the participants themselves are able to take on any required responsibilities in this area if the number at each endpoint is relatively small (i.e. between four and eight participants). \n \n2. Remote behaviour management and monitoring strategies are an important aspect of the video conferencing tool-kit for teachers. This study has demonstrated the importance of screen layouts in facilitating the use of such strategies. \n \n3. The production features associated with children’s educational television programmes may be able to inform effective pedagogy for teaching and learning through video conferencing. In particular, this study has highlighted the potential of using theme tunes as auditory anchors to emphasise key points during a video conference. \n \nBy the end of this study, it will be argued that the children enjoyed taking part and they became more independent as learners. Furthermore, it will be shown that if the teaching strategies are appropriate and if the mathematical content is enriching and open-ended, then video conferencing can create valuable learning opportunities for children that are not readily available in the traditional classroom environment.
Andrographolide Induced Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in Isolated Mitochondrial Fractions from Different Organ of BALB/C Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Andrographolide, a bicyclic diterphenoid lactose, extracted from a plant, Andrographis paniculata, is known for its multiple clinical applications in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic systems in India.Its therapeutic value is perhaps by virtue of its mechanism of action through enzyme induction.The present study is aimed to determine the effects of andrographolide on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, in vitro, using mitochondrial fractions isolated from different organs of BALB/c mice.Administration of andrographolide into mitochondrial fraction of liver, lung and kidney resulted in the induction of SDH.Mitochondrial fraction of lung tissues indicated the maximum SDH acceleratory activity (68.19%), in vitro, against 50 µg/ml concentration of andrographolide.
Pneumothorax in a post-anesthetic care unit after right thyroidectomy with left neck dissection -A case report-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 46-year-old woman underwent a right thyroidectomy with left neck dissection under general anesthesia. The operation was performed successfully for over the course of 3 hours 30 minutes. After extubation, the patient was transferred to post-anesthetic care unit (PACU). After 10 minutes, dyspnea, chest discomfort, desaturation was suddenly occurred. Intubation was performed in PACU. The emergency chest X-ray revealed a right pneumothorax, and the patient was treated by chest tube insertion. The patient was improved and was discharged uneventfully from hospital 8 days later.
[Etoricoxib (Arcoxia)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) is a novel non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that selectively inhibits the inducible form of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), COX-2. Etoricoxib has a higher COX-1/COX-2 selectivity ratio than the other COX-2-selective NSAIDs as rofecoxib, valdecoxib or celecoxib. Tablets of 60, 90 and 120 mg are available. The recommended dosage of etoricoxib is 60 mg/day for osteoarthritis, 90 mg/day for rheumatoid arthritis and 120 mg/day for acute gouty arthritis. Etoricoxib's efficacy has been widely studied in comparative studies, showing the same efficacy as non-COX-2 selective NSAID, with fewer gastro-intestinal adverse effects.
Inter-ethnic differences in drug response: Implications for drug development and complying with drug regulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The two key components of the pharmacology of a drug—dose–concentration (pharmacokinetic) and/or concentration–response (pharmacodynamic) relationships—are often influenced by genetic variations. These account for a substantial fraction of variability in dose–response or drug response, not only between individuals, but also between different ethnic groups. The approval of 'BiDil' for the treatment of cardiac failure in self-identified black patients is a spectacular example of inter-ethnic differences in drug response and regulatory awareness of ethnicity of the study population. Drug development programs are increasingly undertaken globally to reduce costs, shorten timeframes, and address issues concerning global prescribing. Regulatory authorities have responded to this globalization of drug development by promulgating guidelines that recommend sponsors of new drugs to explore the role of genetic variations, and potential differences in drug response, between different ethnic populations. They may refuse to accept an application, or require bridging studies, when such differences are anticipated but not adequately addressed. These bridging studies may include (i) pharmacokinetic studies, (ii) pharmacodynamic studies, (iii) dose–response studies, and/or (iv) in extreme cases, pivotal phase III studies in order to extrapolate efficacy and/or safety data from one population to another.
Room-Temperature Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Rechargeable Na–O2 Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Rechargeable Na-O2 batteries have been regarded as promising energy storage devices because of their high energy density, ultralow overpotential, and abundant resources. Unfortunately, conventional Na-O2 batteries with a liquid electrolyte often suffer from severe dendrite growth, electrolyte leakage, and potential H2O contamination toward the Na metal anode. Here, we report a quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte (QPE) composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-4% SiO2-NaClO4-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether for rechargeable Na-O2 batteries with high performance. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the fluorocarbon chains of QPE are beneficial for Na+ transfer, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 1.0 mS cm-1. Finite element method simulations show that the unique nanopore structure and high dielectric constant of QPE can induce a uniform distribution of the electric field during charge/discharge processes, thus achieving a homogeneous deposition of Na without dendrites. Moreover, the nonthrough nanopore structure and hydrophobic behavior resulting from fluorocarbon chains of QPE could effectively protect Na anode from H2O erosion. Therefore, the fabricated quasi-solid-state Na-O2 batteries exhibit an average Coulombic efficiency of up to 97% and negligible voltage decay during 80 cycles at a discharge capacity of 1000 mAh g-1. As a proof of concept, flexible pouch-type Na-O2 batteries were assembled, displaying stable electrochemical performance for ∼400 h after being bent from 0 to 360°. This work demonstrates the application of the quasi-solid-state electrolyte for high-performance flexible Na-O2 batteries.
Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogeny of Mesodinium coatsi sp. nov., a Benthic Marine Ciliate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mesodinium is a globally distributed ciliate genus forming frequent and recurrent blooms in diverse marine habitats. Here, we describe a new marine species, Mesodinium coatsi n. sp., originally isolated from interstitial water of surface sand samples collected at Mohang Beach, Korea. The species was maintained under a mixotrophic growth condition for longer than 1 yr by providing a cryptomonad, Chroomonas sp., as the sole prey. Cell morphology and subcellular structure were examined by light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, and molecular phylogeny was inferred from nuclear‐encoded 18S r DNA sequence data. Like other Mesodinium species, M. coatsi consisted of two hemispheres separated by two types of kinetids, and had tentacles located at the oral end of the cell. Several food vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm, and partially digested prey cells sometimes existed in food vacuoles. Kinetids and the associated accessory structures were quite similar to those previously reported, but M. coatsi was differentiated from other marine Mesodinium species by ultrastructural characters of the dikinetids, polykinetids, and tentacles. We also provided a detailed illustration of infraciliature. Molecular phylogeny revealed that M. coatsi and Mesodinium chamaeleon were closely related to each other.
Andersen–Tawil Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Andersen–Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a very rare orphan genetic multisystem channelopathy without structural heart disease (with rare exceptions). ATS type 1 is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is caused by mutations in the KCNJ2 gene, which encodes the α subunit of the K + channel protein Kir2.1 (in ≈ 50–60% of cases). ATS type 2 is in turn linked to a rare mutation in the KCNJ5-GIRK4 gene that encodes the G protein-sensitive-activated inwardly rectifying K + channel Kir3.4 (15%), which carries the acetylcholine-induced potassium current. About 30% of cases are de novo/sporadic, suggesting that additional as-yet unidentified genes also cause the disorder. A triad of periodic muscle paralysis, repolarization changes in the electrocardiogram, and structural body changes characterize ATS. The typical muscular change is episodic flaccid muscle weakness. Prolongation of the QU/QUc intervals and normal or minimally prolonged QT/QTc intervals with a tendency to ventricular arrhythmias are typical repolarization changes. Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia is the hallmark ventricular arrhythmia, but also premature ventricular contractions, and rarely, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia of torsade de pointes type may be present. Patients with ATS have characteristic physical developmental dysmorphisms that affect the face, skull, limbs, thorax, and stature. Mild learning difficulties and a distinct neurocognitive phenotype (deficits in executive function and abstract reasoning) have been described. About 60% of affected individuals have all features of the major triad. The purpose of this review is to present historical aspects, nomenclature (observations/criticisms), epidemiology, genetics, electrocardiography, arrhythmias, electrophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria/clues of periodic paralysis, prognosis, and management of ATS.
Contextual Feature Selection with Conditional Stochastic Gates

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Feature selection is a crucial tool in machine learning and is widely applied across various scientific disciplines. Traditional supervised methods generally identify a universal set of informative features for the entire population. However, feature relevance often varies with context, while the context itself may not directly affect the outcome variable. Here, we propose a novel architecture for contextual feature selection where the subset of selected features is conditioned on the value of context variables. Our new approach, Conditional Stochastic Gates (c-STG), models the importance of features using conditional Bernoulli variables whose parameters are predicted based on contextual variables. We introduce a hypernetwork that maps context variables to feature selection parameters to learn the context-dependent gates along with a prediction model. We further present a theoretical analysis of our model, indicating that it can improve performance and flexibility over population-level methods in complex feature selection settings. Finally, we conduct an extensive benchmark using simulated and real-world datasets across multiple domains demonstrating that c-STG can lead to improved feature selection capabilities while enhancing prediction accuracy and interpretability.