jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of the development of 19S and 7S immunoglobulins in sera of two sheep vaccinated with Brucella abortus, strain 19.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The pattern of antibody response to vaccination with Brucella abortus, strain 19, was studied in two sheep. Agglutinative activity was detected by the third and fifth days and complement - fixing activity by the fifth and seventh days post-vaccination. Density gradient centrifugation and DEAE cellulose column chromatography showed the 19S antibody developed first, followed soon after by 7S antibody. The former had disappeared by the 25th day but the latter persisted longer in both sheep. A small amount of 19S antibody was detected in sheep 1 following a booster dose of vaccine but 7S antibody constituted the major secondary response. The standard tube agglutination test was found to be more efficient than the complement-fixation test for titration of 19S antibody. An increase in the salt concentration to 10% in tube agglutination test rendered it more sensitive in demonstrating 7S antibody.
High performance voice authentication system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Extensive simulations were performed on two popular speech databases, namely KING and TIMIT, to evaluate the proposed methods. A new background model called Global Background Model (GBM) has been presented to replace the memory intensive Universal Background Model (UBM). Based on a novel set theoretic framework for UBM, it has been analytically shown that the performance of the GBM is comparable to that of the UBM. In the quest for efficient algorithms for model training, applicability of vector quantization algorithms for training a GMM has been studied. Subsequently a Bayes Adaptation (BA) based training scheme has been proposed to replace the iterative Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for rapid speaker model estimation. Experiments conducted on the speech databases reveal that BA based training scheme results in comparable, at times even better, accuracy as compared to the EM algorithm scheme, while significantly reducing the training time.
Modeling Indian Wheat and Rice Sector Policies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper serves to disentangle the complex system of Indian food policies, related to wheat and rice procurement, storage, distribution and trade. Using time series for national aggregate data, these policies are econometrically analyzed, next their implications for the markets are assessed and finally their fiscal costs are estimated. The study revealed strong impact of the policy measures on the production, procurement, stocks and trade. We detected several market distortions and mounting fiscal costs. Wheat and rice supply strongly and significantly responds to the minimum support price (MSP). Wholesale prices at planting or lagged harvest time prices are largely irrelevant for the production. The Food Cooperation of India’s (FCI) procurement volume is driven by the production level and the difference between the MSP and the market price. The signs of the estimated price elasticities of demand are consistent with the theory, however for rice they turned out to be insignificant. The negative income elasticity of rice consumption as well as the downward trend in rice consumption suggest changing habits and the inferior character of rice as a consumption good. The public stock analysis suggests higher storage losses for rice (10%) than for wheat (2%). Strong crowding out effects of the public stocks on private stocks and negative impact of export restrictions on private ending stocks was found. Total exports are highly distorted by the trade regulations, which whipped out the trade response to the price incentives. Starting from 2006/07, there is a clear upward trend in inflation adjusted costs of operating the public food procurement and distribution system, coming mostly from the rising procurement volume and the MSP. On the other hand, the revenues have declined in real terms, due to lower real central issue prices and only marginal revenues from the domestic sales and exports. As a result, the food subsidy has shown a permanent growth in real terms. The seasonal analysis of the intra-year data revealed strong seasonality of prices and procurement and stock levels, in particular for wheat (less for rice).
MANDARIN EXISTENTIAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND THE PREDICATE RESTRICTION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper I raise questions about the predicate restriction, which claims that only stage-level predicates may appear in the coda of an existential sentence. I present novel data from Mandarin to show that the predicate restriction is not universal: It is systematically absent in Mandarin. I propose that the reason behind its absence is syntactic. Specifically, I show that the English existential coda cannot be as large as a TP, while the Mandarin existential coda contains a full TP. This, in combination with Diesing’s (1992) Mapping Hypothesis, which says individual-level predicates need to be in TPs, naturally derives the difference between existentials of the English-type and those of the Mandarin-type. Finally, I show that the Mandarin existential coda is not a relative clause, despite being a full clause. Thus, this paper seeks to attain two purposes: (i) to bring attention to the possibility of violations of the predicate restriction, which has largely been thought to be universal; and (ii) to make a first attempt at explaining why the predicate restriction is absent in Mandarin.
Torture and Miranda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Peter Brooks's fine essay offers a fascinating juxtaposition. On the one hand, a terror detainee previously tortured to confess reiterates his confession at a hearing and asks for the death penalty and martyrdom. On the other, a woman interrogated by police without Miranda warnings repeats a confession after receiving the warning. In both cases, Brooks suggests, the second, “voluntary” confession should be suppressed.
Re: Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Cohort of Repeat Biopsy Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Oct 2013Re: Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Cohort of Repeat Biopsy Patients Cary SiegelM.D. Cary SiegelCary Siegel View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.06.070AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Validation of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scoring System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Cohort of Repeat Biopsy Patients." The Journal of Urology, 190(4), p. 1248 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 190Issue 4October 2013Page: 1248Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Cary Siegel More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Syllabus in the Primary School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Significant developments affecting the primary school curriculum have taken place and the time is due for a fresh consideration of the place of historical studies. No general agreement has yet been reached concerning objectives or methods, and so the teacher of history in the primary school must arrive in the main at his own conclusions as to how he presents the subject and by what teaching methods. The present uncertainty in this area of the curriculum and the limitations on developing the theme imposed by a short article, make it impossible to do more than indicate some of the considerations affecting the syllabus. Local history as a specific study is best deferred to the secondary years, since to cover it comprehensively or at depth must imply familiarity with many aspects of national history; but there may be themes related to the history of a particular neighbourhood which are suitable for the primary classes.
Polarity proteins Bem1 and Cdc24 are components of the filamentous fungal NADPH oxidase complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Regulated synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by membrane-bound fungal NADPH oxidases (Nox) plays a key role in fungal morphogenesis, growth, and development. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the plant symbiotic fungus, Epichloë festucae , requires functional assembly of a multisubunit complex composed of NoxA, a regulatory component, NoxR, and the small GTPase RacA. However, the mechanism for assembly and activation of this complex at the plasma membrane is unknown. We found by yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays that E. festucae NoxR interacts with homologs of the yeast polarity proteins, Bem1 and Cdc24, and that the Phox and Bem1 (PB1) protein domains found in these proteins are essential for these interactions. GFP fusions of BemA, Cdc24, and NoxR preferentially localized to actively growing hyphal tips and to septa. These proteins interact with each other in vivo at these same cellular sites as shown by bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays. The PB1 domain of NoxR is essential for localization to the hyphal tip. An E. festucae Δ bemA mutant was defective in hyphal morphogenesis and growth in culture and in planta . The changes in fungal growth in planta resulted in a defective symbiotic interaction phenotype. Our inability to isolate a Δ cdc24 mutant suggests this gene is essential. These results demonstrate that BemA and Cdc24 play a critical role in localizing NoxR protein to sites of fungal hyphal morphogenesis and growth. Our findings identify a potential shared ancestral link between the protein machinery required for fungal polarity establishment and the Nox complex controlling cellular differentiation.
An Internal-State-Variable-Based Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization Model for Thermally Deformed TC18 Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) is widely acknowledged to occur during hot forming and plays a significant role in microstructure development in alloys with moderate to high stacking fault energy. In this work, the flow stress and CDRX behaviors of the TC18 alloy subjected to hot deformation across a wide range of processing conditions are studied. It is observed that deformation leads to the formation of new low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). Subgrains rotate by absorbing dislocations, resulting in an increase in LAGB misorientation and the transition of some LAGBs into high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). The HAGBs migrate within the material, assimilating the (sub)grain boundaries. Subsequently, an internal state variable (ISV)-based CDRX model is developed, incorporating parameters such as the dislocation density, adiabatic temperature rise, subgrain rotation, LAGB area, HAGB area, and LAGB misorientation angle distribution. The values of the correlation coefficient (R), relative average absolute error (RAAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the anticipated true stress and measured stress are 0.989, 6.69%, and 4.78 MPa, respectively. The predicted outcomes demonstrate good agreement with experimental findings. The evolving trends of the subgrain boundary area under various conditions are quantitatively analyzed by assessing the changes in dynamic recovery (DRV)-eliminated dislocations and misorientation angles. Moreover, the ISV-based model accurately predicts the decreases in grain and crystallite sizes with higher strain rates and lower temperatures. The projected outcomes also indicate a transition from a stable and coarse-grained microstructure to a continuously recrystallized substructure.
O-026 Prior antiplatelet use and thrombectomy outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> Multiple recent studies and randomized controlled trails have advocated mechanical thrombectomy (MT) as a front line management for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) strokes. There is very limited information as to how prior use of antiplatelet (APT) drug affects the outcomes in these patients. In this study we sought to evaluate the association of prior use of APT drug and outcomes after MT in ELVO patients. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Consecutive patients with ELVO treated with MT during a 3 year period were evaluated. ELVO patients identified as being on any antiplatelet drugs versus not on any prior to MT. Standard safety (symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) and effectiveness outcomes [complete recanalization, time to recanalization, and favorable outcome (defined as mRS of 0–2 at 3 months)] were compared in both groups. Complete recanalization was defined as TICI score of 2b or 3. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> We evaluated 217 consecutive ELVO patients (mean age 62±18, male 49.8% and median NIHSS 16 (IQR 12–21) who underwent MT. A total of 146 patients (67.3%) were not on prior anti platelets. Prior use of APT medications was reported in 71 patients [aspirin: 56 patients (25.8%], Plavix: 2 patients (1%), Aspirin and Plavix: 12 patients (5.5%) and Aggrenox: 1 patient (0.5%)]. The ELVO group with prior use of APT medication had higher rates of successful recanalization [79% vs 63%, p=0.028] compared to the group without prior APT use. The ELVO group with prior APT use did not differ significantly in terms of groin puncture to recanalization time [minute, median (IQR); 51 (32–67) vs 48 (38–80), p=0.390], rates of favorable outcome [OR: 1.41, 95% CI: (0.63–3.15), p=0.403], and rates of sICH (p>0.1) compared to the group without prior APT use. In multivariable analyses, prior use of APT drug was independently associated with higher rates of successful recanalization (OR: 2.40; 95% CI (1.06–5.46), p=0.036) after adjusting for potential confounders. Further subgroup analyses on ELVO patients with prior use of single vs dual APT drug did not show any difference in safety or efficacy outcomes (p>0.0.1) </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> Prior use of APT drug is associated with higher rates of successful recanalization in ELVO patients after MT, however no difference in rates of sICH or functional outcome was noted. Larger studies are needed to further evaluate the role of prior treatment with APT drug in ELVO patients treated with MT. </sec> <sec><st>Disclosures</st> <b>A. Pandhi:</b> None. <b>R. Krishnan:</b> None. <b>K. Dillard:</b> None. <b>M. Ishfaq:</b> None. <b>S. Singh:</b> None. <b>D. Hoit:</b> None. <b>A. Arthur:</b> None. <b>G. Tsivgoulis:</b> None. <b>A. Alexandrov:</b> None. <b>L. Elijovich:</b> None. <b>N. Goyal:</b> None. </sec>
Conference Report on ‘Patents and Standards – Online FRAND-Forum’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract There have recently been a large number of court decisions concerning questions of FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) licensing of standard essential patents (SEPs). Despite this high level of judicial activity, however, many of the questions surrounding this topic continue to remain unanswered. On 4 November 2020 the annual Mannheim (Germany) FRAND Forum organised by the FORUM Institute was held online to discuss these highly challenging issues. The forum spanned five presentations from both judicial and legal perspectives, as well as two group discussions in which around 30 people took part.
Multi-Scale Context Aggregation for Strawberry Fruit Recognition and Disease Phenotyping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Timely harvesting and disease identification of strawberry fruits is a major concern for commercial level cultivators. Failing to harvest the grown strawberries can result in the fruit rotting which makes their damaged tissues more prone to grey mold pathogens. Immediate removal of the overgrown or diseased strawberries is inevitable to curb the mass spreading of the pathogen. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based framework to identify three different strawberry fruit classes (unripe, partially ripe and ripe), as well as a class of overgrown or diseased strawberries. We equip the proposed convolutional encoder-decoder network with three different modules. One for adaptively controlling receptive filed size of the network to detect objects of multiple sizes. Second for controlling the flow of salient features (information) to the deeper layers of the network and the other for controlling the architecture’s computational complexity. These modules combined, outperform the previous state-of-the-art semantic segmentation networks on the task of strawberry fruit phenotyping. We also introduce a dataset collected from different farms to evaluate the performance of the network. Quantitative and qualitative results show that notwithstanding heterogeneity in the data and the effect of the real-field variations, our approach produced remarkable results with a 3% increase in mean intersection over union as compared to the other state-of-the-art networks and was able to recognize diseased fruits with a precision of 92.45%.
Molecular monitoring of treatment efficacy in human visceral leishmaniasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Focused efforts of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination program have led to a drastic decline in cases, and the present challenge is disease monitoring, which this study aimed to assess. Methods A Leishmania kinetoplastid-targeted qPCR quantified parasite load at disease presentation, and following treatment completion (n=49); an additional 80 cases were monitored after completion of treatment. Results The parasite load at disease presentation was 13 461.00 (2560.00–37764.00)/µg gDNA, which upon completion of treatment reduced in 47 of 49 cases to 1(1–1)/µg gDNA, p&lt;0.0001. In 80 cases that presented &gt;2 months post-treatment, their parasite burden similarly decreased to 1(1–1)/µg gDNA except in 6 of 80 cases, which were qPCR positive. Conclusion In 129 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, qPCR by quantification of parasite burden proved effective for monitoring treatment.
Shared waters—shared problems: The role of self-governance in managing common pool resources

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Seafood production governance, primarily and traditionally a governmental activity, is increasingly designed and performed by private actors, such as business organizations and/or Non-Governmental Organization. This is often seen as complementary to public regulation in handling collective problems, but there are few studies within the aquaculture sector which investigate the extent and potential of such arrangements. The aim of this paper is to study self-regulation among groups of fish farmers as a means to solve collective challenges in the commons and to derive lessons for future cooperative arrangements. Using data from the Norwegian salmon industry, we investigate the extent of private self-regulated collaborations, the motivation for collaboration, and the self-reported obstacles. We further elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of such arrangements, both regarding day-to-day operations and in times of crisis. The findings show that private self-regulation plays an important role in increasing available resources in addressing common challenges and coordinating the production to limit negative externalities. However, such arrangements cannot work in isolation and need to be aligned with the role and functioning of public authorities. In fact, the looming shadow of the state is an important prerequisite for the successful role of such arrangements.
FACTORS RELATED TO NURSES' MOTIVATION TO CONTINUE EDUCATION AT THE NATIONAL SPORTS HOSPITAL IN 2024

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Higher education is crucial in developing surgical technology and professional life training. In organizing nursing education, motivation is needed, influencing internal and external factors so that nurses desire to improve their competence. Objective: to find out what factors are related to motivation to continue education nurses at the National Sports Hospital in 2024. This research aimed to determine what factors are related to nurses' motivation to continue their education at the National Sports Hospital in 2024. The type of research used was a cross-sectional design to examine whether there was a relationship between the motivational factors of family support, work environment, income, and nurses' motivation to continue their education. The population of this study consisted of nurses at the National Sports Hospital, totaling 34 respondents, and the sampling technique used was the total sampling technique. The instrument was a questionnaire, and data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis techniques with the Spearman Rank statistical test. The study's results showed that only the family support variable had a relationship with nurses' motivation to continue their education. In contrast, work environment factors and income did not have a significant relationship: family support (prho = 0.620), work environment (prho = 0.124), and income (prho = 0.199). This research recommends that it is necessary to maximize the role of family support in nurse career development programs in hospitals and increase the role of the work environment and financial support for nurses who will continue their education
Tag that issue: Applying API-domain labels in issue tracking systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Labeling issues with the skills required to complete them can help contributors to choose tasks in Open Source Software projects. However, manually labeling issues is time-consuming and error-prone, and current automated approaches are mostly limited to classifying issues as bugs/non-bugs. We investigate the feasibility and relevance of automatically labeling issues with what we call "API-domains," which are high-level categories of APIs. Therefore, we posit that the APIs used in the source code affected by an issue can be a proxy for the type of skills (e.g., DB, security, UI) needed to work on the issue. We ran a user study (n=74) to assess API-domain labels' relevancy to potential contributors, leveraged the issues' descriptions and the project history to build prediction models, and validated the predictions with contributors (n=20) of the projects. Our results show that (i) newcomers to the project consider API-domain labels useful in choosing tasks, (ii) labels can be predicted with a precision of 84% and a recall of 78.6% on average, (iii) the results of the predictions reached up to 71.3% in precision and 52.5% in recall when training with a project and testing in another (transfer learning), and (iv) project contributors consider most of the predictions helpful in identifying needed skills. These findings suggest our approach can be applied in practice to automatically label issues, assisting developers in finding tasks that better match their skills.