jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Gender Segregation of Labor in Higher Education of Kazakhstan: Regional Aspect

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender inequality remains a pressing issue in Kazakhstan, with vertical and horizontal segregation resulting in unequal pay and the representation of men and women in different professions. To achieve equal access to labor, social and institutional resources, the state’s economic policy aims to address this problem. Data collected from 2016-2021 from the electronic portal of the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan showed that women dominate public education schools and higher education institutions. However, there have been minor changes in the percentage of male and female teachers and faculty members. The Duncan index, which measures gender segregation, showed a difference of 17.1 percentage points between the proportion of male and female teachers in general education schools and male and female faculty members in higher education institutions. At the same time, the field of education is one of the lowest paid in Kazakhstan. The article’s main results highlight the unequal opportunities for women compared to men. Occupational segregation can also be geographically considered, taking into account the burden of housekeeping. Rural women experience more occupational discrimination than their urban counterparts. Addressing the gender disparity in higher education faculty is essential to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in academia and beyond. Gender equality in higher education is critical for social and economic progress, as research and education are the primary drivers of innovation and development.
Indigo, cocoa and cattle. The businesses of Esteban González de Linares in a time of change, 1784-1796

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ResumenEl objetivo del trabajo es ordenar y presentar una parte de la información contenida en una fuente aislada pero muy densa: el libro de caja nº 1 del comerciante cántabro Esteban González de Linares.Desplazado a Caracas entre 1785 y 1791 para gestionar la liquidación de la testamentaría de Sebastián de Mier y Terán, un rico terrateniente de Los Llanos, Linares participó activamente en el auge exportador de esos años, marcados por el fin del monopolio de la Compañía Guipuzcoana y los decretos de libre comercio.El texto traza las coordenadas concretas del caso analizado, reconstruyendo su red de negocios y cuantificando sus compraventas, y proporciona algunos datos de interés general referidos a la evolución de precios.También se propone una metodología para la explotación de este tipo de fuentes contables.
Inner Ridge Cells may be the Main Source of Tectorial Membrane Type II Collagen: Evidence from Quantitative mRNAIn SituHybridization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In a previous study we showed that COL2A1 mRNA is expressed in both ectodermally and mesodermally derived structures of second trimester human fetal cochlea, whereas type II collagen is present in mesodermally derived structures and in tectorial and basilar membranes. Because the tectorial membrane is acellular and therefore does not make its own proteins, the source of type II collagen and proteoglycans in this membrane has been of interest. We have attempted to address this issue, at least in part, by performing quantitative cRNA mRNA in situ hybridization on second trimester human fetal cochlear sections using a COL2A1 probe. By counting the number of silver grains cell in the interdental cells, inner sulcus cells and inner ridge Kolliker organ cells and by an analysis of variance of these quantitative data. inner ridge cells were found to have significantly higher levels of COL2A1 mRNA than interdental and inner sulcus cells (p < 0.0001). On the basis of significantly higher COL2A1 mRNA levels in inner ridge cells and their higher numbers than interdental and inner sulcus cells we postulate that type II collagen for human fetal tectorial membrane is derived mostly from inner ridge Kolliker organ cells. The lower COL2A1 mRNA in interdental cells appears to provide type II collagen for the spiral limbus and the tectorial membrane. The inner sulcus cells, hair cells. Deiter's and Hensen's cells also appear to contribute lesser amounts of type II collagen to the tectorial membrane. In analogy to these findings it is possible that other tectorial membrane proteins, including proteoglycans and other collagens, are also largely derived from these cells during human fetal development.
What Will cheap cars for sale Werrington Be Like in 100 Years?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Auto hire supplies you a complete independence when on vacation. In place of relying on a public transport along with being bossed around by tour guides, you want to check out the sites as well as enjoy all the area has to supply in your very own time in addition to at your very own speed. While resting at the hotel, you remain in control on your itinerary for the day, where you would probably go, what to see and also how long you head out for.Car hire uses an ease which you can just actually value as soon as you use it. There is no wasted time waiting for a public transport or a taxicab. You get to where you need to go swiftly too effectively. Additionally, you can conserve cash in this process.
Numerical results for ordinary and partial differential equations describing motions of elastic materials

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We discuss an ordinary differential equation system proposed in [1] as a mathematical model for shrinking and stretching motions of elastic materials. Also, a numerical scheme due to the structure-preserving numerical method was constructed. Our aim of this paper is to compare the numerical results for periodic solutions by several methods in order to investigate their accuracy. We note that a proof for existence of periodic solutions of the ODE system is given. Finally, we derive a partial differential equation model from the ODE system and show numerical results for the PDE model.
Theories as a Heuristic Thinking Device to Create Empathy in [Interior] Design Studios

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This design case introduces a design and development process of theories from environmental psychology, humanities, and social sciences as heuristic thinking devices to measure human-centered design solutions. The pedagogical review of the traditional studio design process revealed obstacles as students translated their research and program to the development of the design. They created the latter without applying their theoretical understanding of research conducted on the human-environment relationship. Given this challenge, the authors evolved a revised design method utilizing theories to afford an empathetic design response. Students in two interior design studios adopted this approach to develop hypotheses for the design problem, and later the theories informed guidelines for cultivating a more empathetic design response. Project analysis by authors, and reflection statements from the students, capture the value of theory as thinking devices to assist directly in their work by improving their position and power, prompting a more imaginative and generative ideation process. The role of this design case is to acknowledge the role of theory as a heuristic device in order to generate, develop, and support the advancement of interior design as a discipline through interaction, mediation, and discourse.
Model systems related to reactivity of protein sulfur functions. II. Effect of hydrophobic bulk on the nucleophilicities of alkyl-substituted benzenethiolate anions toward disulfide bonds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel systems related to reactivity of protein sulfur functions. II. Effect of hydrophobic bulk on the nucleophilicities of alkyl-substituted benzenethiolate anions toward disulfide bondsDorothy Semenow-Garwood and Donald C. GarwoodCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 24, 3804–3810Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00797a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00797a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Environmental Aspects of Sport Tourism and Recreation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores the dynamic relationship between sport tourism, recreation, and the environment, emphasizing how these activities impact natural ecosystems. It begins by tracing the evolution of recreation ecology over the past six decades, highlighting key contributions from pioneering researchers. The focus then shifts to the diverse environments affected by sport tourism and recreation, particularly the natural and universal natural resources. The chapter categorizes the environmental impacts of sport tourism and recreation into several approaches, considering factors like ecosystem types, activity nature, management regimes, and direct versus indirect influences. It provides detailed analyses of how different activities variably impact vegetation, soil, water, and wildlife, drawing on extensive research. The chapter discusses management frameworks like the Limits of Acceptable Change and carrying capacity analysis, which are instrumental in balancing human activity with environmental preservation. In conclusion, the chapter asserts the necessity of integrating environmental, economic, social, and cultural considerations in the management of sport tourism and recreation destinations, advocating for a holistic approach to sustainably harness and protect natural environments.
Analyzing Student Issues and the Influence of Academic Advisors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is essential for everyone. It is the level of education that helps people earn respect and recognition. The importance of education is undeniable for every single person. It goes without saying that education has a positive effect on human life. All people need to study. Only with the advent of education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world. For example, learning by watching TV or reading books gives people a huge amount of information about anything they are interested in such as mathematics, current news, exchange rates, other countries' cultures and so on. Educational Academic advisors (EAA) help students to recognize and achieve their educational goals, primarily at the postsecondary level. They help students to examine school programs, recognize their academic strengths and select a major.
Boundary-layer transition delay using free-stream vortex generators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Delaying the laminar–turbulent transition of a boundary layer reduces the skin-friction drag and can thereby increase the efficiency of any aerodynamic device. A passive control strategy that has reaped success in transition delay is the introduction of boundary layer streaks. Surface-mounted vortex generators have been found to feature an unstable region right behind the devices, which can be fatal in flow control if transition is triggered, leading to an increase in drag with respect to the reference case without devices. In a previous proof of concept study, numerical simulations were employed to place artificial vortices in the free stream that interact with the boundary layer and accomplish transition delay. In the current study, we present experimental results showing the feasibility of generating free-stream vortices that interact with the boundary layer, creating high- and low-speed boundary layer streaks. This type of streaky base flow can act as stabilizing if introduced properly. We confirm the success of our flow control approach by artificially introducing two-dimensional disturbances that are strongly attenuated in the presence of streaks, leading to a transition delay with respect to the reference case of approximately 40 %.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH AND WITHOUT COMPUTER ASSISATNCE: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 73 KNEES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study: The correct position of the femoral and tibial tunnes for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a determining factor for favorable outcome. We used a novel computer-assisted system which enables intraoperative localization of the tunnel centers on the lateral view of the knee before drilling. This technique uses fluoroscopy combined with a passive system for computer-assisted image acquisition and processing to provide the surgeon with the desired positions. We report the anatomic and clinical results observed in a prospective series comparing this technique with the classical technique of independent blind tunnels. Material and methods: Thirty-seven patients underwent computer-assisted surgery and 36 classical surgery without computer assistance performed by a senior surgeon. Mean patient age was 27 years in both groups. The patients were reviewed at mean 2.2 years (range 1–4.5 years). Data recorded included the KT-1000 laxity, radiographic drawer and the IKDC score (1999). Results: Mean time from ACL tear to reconstruction was 30 months in both groups. Computer assistance increased operative time 9.3 minutes (range 4–13). The IKDC score was 67.9% A, 29.7% B, and 2.7% C in computer-assistance surgery patients and 60% A, 37.1% B and 2.9% B for classical surgery patients. The mean IKDC function score was 89.7/100 for the computer-assisted patients and 89.5/100 for the others. Mean manual maximal laxity (KT-1000) was 7 mm before surgery and less than 2 mm at last follow-up. Differential laxity was less than 2 mm in all patients who underwent computer-assisted surgery and in 97.7% of the others. The mean differential laxity for the medial compartment as measured on the postoperative stress films was 2.4 mm (range 0–12 mm) for computer-assisted surgery patients and 3 mm (range 0–10 mm) for the others. In the computer-assised surgery patients, the femoral tunnels were centered on a smaller area. There was not significant difference in the IKDC score, the KT-1000 findings and the stress x-rays between the two techniques. Conclusion: The results of these two techniques in this report are similar to data reported in the literature. Computer-assistance enables more accurate and reproducible tunnel positioning with no significant clinical impact.
Boys rule!: Purim and the holy innocents in early modern Worms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The role of boys and young men in premodern societies was both precarious and promising. Being in a liminal space between childhood and adulthood, they needed to practice their future roles in society. This article discusses Jewish and Christian annual celebrations involving groups of boys and young men in late medieval and early modern Worms that show similar features and an effort across different religious groups to provide a space for them. Jewish youth took leading roles in the liturgy and in festivities outside the synagogue on and after Shabbat ha‐baḥurim (the boys’ Sabbath), observed on the first Sabbath after Purim. Cathedral choristers and other Christian schoolboys in Worms, led by boy kings and boy bishops, celebrated in connection with the Feast of the Holy Innocents. These festivities were structured similarly in both communities and consisted of the selection of leaders, processions, liturgical inversions, and festive meals. With these celebrations, both communities offered an occasion for young men to practice masculine behaviors and internalize masculine norms.
Harmonic Imaging Using a Mechanical Sector, B-MODE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An ultrasound imaging system includes transmitting ultrasound waves into a human body, collecting the reflections, manipulating the reflections, and then displaying them on computer screen as a grayscale image. The standard approach for ultrasound imaging is to use the fundamental frequency from the reflected signal to form images. However, it has been shown that images generated using the harmonic content have improved resolution as well as reduced noise, resulting in clearer images. Although harmonic imaging has been shown to return improved images, this has never been shown with a B-mode, mechanical sector ultrasound system. In this thesis, we demonstrated such a system. First there is a discussion of the theory of harmonic imaging, then a description of the ultrasound system used, and finally experimental results.
Nest digging behavior of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A wild population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was observed during spawning in the Lardeau River in southeastern British Columbia, in April and May in 1966 and 1967. Nest digging in the first few days of spawning in 1967 was predominantly nocturnal, but diurnal nest digging increased until activity was nearly steady around the clock.Rate of digging (digging bouts per 10-min interval) averaged near five before spawning, rose sharply immediately after spawning, and then decreased. The number of body flexures per bout of digging was near six before spawning, decreased sharply right after spawning, and then rose progressively over a 50-min period. Touching or feeling the bottom of the nest was frequent before spawning and decreased after. The effect of internal stimuli (egg release) and tactile stimuli on digging behavior is considered.
SAR Image Simulation Algorithm for Tree Model Based on SBR

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we study the SAR image simulation algorithm for the tree model. Traditional imaging methods take a long time to image large scene targets, which bring about the huge complexity. We apply the ray tube superposition concept of SBR technology to the reconstruction of the objective function, which avoids the huge computational burden of sampling the frequency-domain scattered field. SAR images of different numbers of trees at different angles were generated. The average computational time of imaging a single tree is 8.3 s, and the average computational time of multiple trees is 25.6s.
Looking for the Feminine Heroic – Western “Action Chicks” versus Female Heroes in Native American Tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Rozprawa doktorska dotyczy konstrukcji bohaterki heroicznej w dwóch światach skontrastowanych jako przeciwieństwa -- w kulturze zachodniej (zwłaszcza amerykańskiej) i w kulturze rdzennych mieszkańców Ameryki Północnej. Praca stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czym różnią się postawy heroiczne w obu kulturach i która z nich jest bliższa pragnieniom i marzeniom kobiet, oraz bardziej produktywna z perspektywy dążeń do równości płci.
Photolysis of Pseudouridine 3′-Phosphate and sRNA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolysis of Pseudouridine 3′-Phosphate and sRNAMaria. Tomasz and Robert Warner. ChambersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 19, 4216–4217Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01073a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01073a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Remote Sensing Image Recognition Method Based on Faster R-CNN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method for remote sensing image recognition based on Faster R-CNN. Using Faster R-CNN model and ZFNet as the basic network, experiments show that the accuracy rate of Architecture, Greenhouses and Paddy field recognition is 90.67%, 93.85%, 83.33%, and the average recognition accuracy reached 89.28%. At the same time, compared with the recognition results of recognition detection methods such as CNN and TT-RICNN, it was found that the proposed Faster R-CNN model has better recognition performance well, with good recognition detection accuracy.