jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parotid Gland Metastasis from Breast Origin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Metastatic involvement of parotid gland from breast carcinoma is rare. According to a literature review, only 24 cases have been reported. Case report: A 48-year-old woman with a history of left breast cancer complained of swelling in the right parotid gland. Biopsy was performed and made the diagnosis of metastasis from breast carcinoma. The patient was treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: Local control of the disease should not be underestimated and a multimodal treatment combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be given every time it seems possible.
<title>Limited Angle CT Reconstruction Using A Priori Information</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Projection data that are limited in number and range of viewing angle cannot completely specify an arbitrary source function. In the space of all permissible functions there exists a null subspace about which the projection measurements provide no information. Deterministic reconstruction algorithms usually set the null space contributions to zero leading to severe reconstruction artifacts. A Fit And Iterative Reconstruction (FAIR) method is proposed that incorporates a priori knowledge of the approximate functional form of the source. In FAIR the parameters of this functional model are determined from the available projection data by a weighted fitting procedure. The resulting distribution is then iteratively revised to bring the final estimate into agreement with the measured projections using a standard algorithm such as ART.
The Influence of Memory on Forgetting

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Influence of Memory on Forgetting was the second in a series of interdisciplinary discussion forums devised and curated by Shona Illingworth in collaboration with cognitive neuro-psychologist and memory researcher Professor Martin A. Conway, in association with a range of host organisations to explore understanding and articulation of ideas about human memory across a range of different disciplines and social, political and cultural contexts. Participants included: Professor Martin A. Conway (now at City University); Dr Christopher Badcock (Reader in Sociology, LSE) ; Polly Carter (Education Co-ordinator, Photoworks); Dr Mohini Chandra (artist); Peter Cross (Visual Arts Officer, Arts Council England, London); Pauline De Souza (Director of the Diversity Arts Forum; Rebecca Drew (Deputy Director, Photoworks; Dr Ben Dyson, (Department of Psychology, University of Sussex; Melanie Friend (documentary photographer; Kate Forde (Curator of Exhibitions, Wellcome Trust; Elpida Hadzi Vaseleva (artist; Shona Illingworth (artist; Nic Kemp (artist) Ruth Maclennan (artist); Professor Ole Gron (Ethno-Archaeologist, Honorary Research Professor, Institute of Archaeology, UCL); Jeremy Theophilus (curator, writer and Co-Director of A Fine Line arts consultancy; Susan Trangmar (artist); Professor Jennifer Rusted (Reader in Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex; Dorothy Sheridan (Director of the Mass Observation Archive, University of Sussex; Emilia Telese, (artist and Artists Networks Coordinator for a-n The Artists Information Company and Luciano Zubillaga (film maker).
The Reality of Groups

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins with a definition of the group which, while admittedly imprecise, will at least provide readers with a few signposts to guide them through the terrain ahead. The discussion then turns to the question of the relationship between the individual and the group. The chapter explains how people's behaviour can change dramatically and suddenly once groups come to the fore psychologically. Tajfel, followed by Turner, suggested that it is governed by changes in the way people see themselves, in their self-concepts. According to these theorists, the self-concept can be considered as having two components: personal identity and social identity. The chapter also talks about the social identity approach. This is that group processes are not just things that happen to people as group members, but they are also frequently the means by which they act on the world to change it.
A Preliminary Assessment of Horticultural Postharvest Market Loss in the Solomon Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Honiara’s fresh horticultural markets are a critical component of the food distribution system in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Most of the population that reside in Honiara are now dependent on the municipal horticultural market and a network of smaller road-side markets to source their fresh fruits and vegetables. Potentially poor postharvest supply chain practice could be leading to high levels of postharvest loss in Honiara markets, undermining domestic food security. This study reports on a preliminary assessment of postharvest horticultural market loss and associated supply chain logistics at the Honiara municipal market and five road-side markets on Guadalcanal Island. Using vendor recall to quantify loss, we surveyed a total of 198 vendors between November 2017 and March 2018. We found that postharvest loss in the Honiara municipal market was 7.9 to 9.5%, and that road-side markets incurred 2.6 to 7.0% loss. Based on mean postharvest market loss and the incidence of individual vendor loss, Honiara’s road-side market system appears to be more effective in managing postharvest loss, compared to the municipal market. Postharvest loss was poorly correlated to transport distance, possibly due to the inter-island and remote intra-island chains avoiding high-perishable crops. Spatial mapping of postharvest loss highlighted a cohort of villages in the western and southern parts of the main horticultural production region (i.e., eastern Guadalcanal) with atypically high levels of postharvest loss. The potential importance of market-operations, packaging type, and mode of transport on postharvest market loss, is further discussed.
Ampicillin for Typhoid Carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CJOUnNc L tion necessary.The one case had taken only small oral doses of ergotamine; the other was receiving subcutaneous dihydroergotamine.This report was referred to in our article' in the British Medical 7ournal four years ago.Our own report was on gangrenous ergotism in a woman of 45 who had taken only 7 tablets, each containing 1 mg.ergotamine tartrate, over three days-not for migraine.Amputation of both legs, the right thumb, and tip of right index finger had to be performed.We believe that migraine confers immunity to possible side-effects from ergotamine, and further that the route of administration is probably of little importance.In some cases side-effects may arise because of abnormal response to accepted therapeutic dosage.The smallest possible dose that will control the symptoms of migraine must be found by gradually increasing the dose with each attack-increasing from 1 mg.by 1 mg.increments, respectively, in subsequent attacks until either a satisfactory dose is thus safely found, or side-effects are too severe.Paraesthesiae, coldness, and pains in the extremities should be reported at once.-We are, etc.,
Automated electrophysiologic hearing testing using a threshold-seeking algorithm.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of utilizing an automated algorithm to identify auditory brainstem responses (ABR) was studied. A microcomputer-based threshold-seeking algorithm utilizing click-evoked ABR was developed to determine evoked-response thresholds for automated hearing screening. The software consists of an evoked-response recognizer unit, which determines the presence or absence of a response, and a threshold-tracking unit, which controls the click intensity in order to track the threshold. The response recognizer is based upon correlation methods. Threshold tracking is accomplished using a Parameter Estimation by Sequential Testing (PEST) procedure, which is commonly used to study psychophysical properties of the auditory system. Sound level is automatically adjusted, based on the results of the recognizer and the threshold tracker. Test results were generally obtained in less than 15 minutes per ear. The results of the automated procedure correlate very highly with expert judgments of ABR threshold and show good test-retest reliability, suggesting that automated procedures are viable alternatives to traditional testing methods.
Postexercise hypotension and sympathoinhibition in borderline hypertensive men.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine if there would be a decrease in blood pressure after exercise in patients with borderline hypertension and if this decrease would be accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic nerve activity to muscle, we recorded multifiber postganglionic muscle sympathetic activity from the peroneal nerve at rest in nine men with borderline hypertension (age 25 +/- 1 years, mean +/- SEM) before and 60 minutes after 45 minutes of submaximal treadmill exercise. In addition, responses to a cold pressor test, handgrip, and the Valsalva maneuver were recorded before and after exercise. Four subjects were also studied before and after "sham" exercise. Sham exercise had no effect on blood pressure or sympathetic nerve activity whereas resting systolic blood pressure was lower after treadmill exercise in seven subjects (from 136 +/- 4 before to 123 +/- 2 mm Hg 60 minutes after exercise; p less than 0.01). Sixty minutes after exercise, sympathetic nerve activity was lower in all seven subjects (from 19 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 2 bursts/min, p less than 0.015; or from 27 +/- 3 to 14 +/- 2 bursts/100 heartbeats, p less than 0.005) but was slightly increased in the two subjects without postexercise hypotension. Heart rate and pressor and sympathoneural responses to the cold pressor test, handgrip, and the Valsalva maneuver were not altered by prior exercise. When nitroprusside was infused in five subjects to produce a reduction in systolic blood pressure similar to that seen 60 minutes after exercise, this drug increased sympathetic discharge from 37 +/- 6 to 57 +/- 4 bursts/100 heartbeats (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Planting sustainability? On the management of hedgerows in Alpine bocage landscapes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

1. Hedgerows as an outcome of cultivation Hedgerows are constitutive design elements of the rural countryside. They have been acknowledged for their various effects on agricultural ecosystems, as well as for their significance for landscape aesthetics. Baudry et al. (2000) have figured out their importance for biodiversity, microclimate, soil-stabilisation and water regulation in various regions of the world. They have emphasized the multifunctional character of hedgerows, but – beyond that – have pointed out their integrated role within agroecosystems: Hedgerows function as living fences, in order to separate arablefrom pastureland, and they provide facilities to produce various kinds of wood, fodder and litter (see also: Kurz and Machatschek, 2001). Rackham (1988), Burel (1996) and many other have reminded us, that bocage landscapes are the outcome of political movements, aiming at the enclosure of open common land, in order to intensify agricultural production, and to optimize natural resource management in the age of pre fossil agro-ecosystems. In alpine regions, bocage landscapes have been established to replace and compensate peasants` various utilization of extensive forests (pasturing, wood, littering...) to provide the support for mining industries (Bauer, 1925; Koller, 1970; Kurz et al., 2011). On that background, hedgerows have become an integrated part of peasant farming economies. Peasant farmers have been developing techniques and knowledge on their maintenance and management, referring to biological preconditions, economies of labour and the products to be harvested out of the hedgerows (Busch, 1989). All this underlines the fact, that hedgerows are cultural elements of landscape, not naturally stable, but being dependent on recurrent maintenance and management. Peasant farmers have been developing typical management patterns to sustain hedgerows in their morphology and to regenerate their natural productivity. They have found ways of rejuvenating hedges over decades and even centuries (Baudry et al., 2000; Kurz et al., 2011). However, currently we find considerable evidence for dynamics in bocage landscapes, having their reasons in changes in hedgerow management and its abandonment. On the other hand, efforts of nature conservation and landscape planning on conserving established bocage landscapes and promoting the planting of new hedgerows are well known. Debates on the concept of “green infrastructure”, have only recently updated the interest in hedgerows on European level (European Union, 2013). Within the PLANTING SUSTAINABILITY? ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HEDGEROWS IN ALPINE BOCAGE LANDSCAPES
Correction of Scoliosis with Large Thoracic Curves in Marfan Syndrome: Does the High-Density Pedicle Screw Construct Contribute to Better Surgical Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether higher density screw constructs resulted in better surgical outcomes in patients with scoliosis secondary to Marfan syndrome (MF-S) with large thoracic curves (≥70°). MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 34 MF-S patients who met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated radiographically before surgery, 2 weeks after operation, and at the final follow-up. The mean screw density was taken as the boundary, and patients were categorized as either in the high density (HD) group or the low density (LD) group. Parameters measured included coronal Cobb angle, T5-T12 kyphosis (TK), and T12-S1 lordosis (LL). Additionally, the operation duration, estimated blood loss, screw accuracy, complication rate, and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The mean screw density of all patients was 1.40±0.15 (range 1.13 to 1.67). Correction rate of the thoracic curve was closely related to the screw density at the concave side (r=0.783, P=0.007). Intergroup comparison showed a significantly higher correction rate of the thoracic coronal curve in HD group (56.59±4.80% versus 44.54±9.61%, P=0.036). At last follow-up, coronal correction loss of >5° occurred in 8 cases (47.1%) in the LD group and 3 cases (17.6%) in the HD group. Both groups demonstrated improvement in each domain of the SRS-22 questionnaire after surgery and no significant intergroup difference was found. CONCLUSIONS The high-density pedicle screw construct contributed to the significantly improved correction rate of thoracic curves in MF-S patients with large thoracic curves (≥70°). Additionally, increasing of pedicle screw number could help to enhance the structural stability and reduce the correction loss during the follow-up period.
[Decubitus lesions in patients referred to acute and post-acute home nursing care for the elderly in Genova].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Elderly Services of USL 3 "Genovese" together with the team for Continuing Education designed and implemented a survey on the elderly clients referred to the home care and nursing home services. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency, distribution and severity of pressure ulcers. The data were collected during a period of seven months: from 1st November 1997 to 31st May 1998. One thousand seven hundred and twenty nine clients were observed; 705 (41%) had single or multiple pressure ulcers. Patients with multiple pressure ulcers accounted for 42% of the total. The sacrum was the most affected site (43% of the patients with a single ulcer and 33% with multiple ulcers). Patients with severe pressure ulcers (stages 3 degrees and 4 degrees NPUAP classification) accounted for 42% of the total. Pressure sores were observed in 15% of "at no risk" patients and in 40% of those at low risk (Norton Scale score). The study highlighted a lack of documentation (90% patients) on treatments performed in the hospital and prescribed at discharge for the pressure sores. These findings reflects possibly the fact that this aspect of care is unduly disregarded by nursing personnel, and that a goal-oriented retraining, underlining also the need of appropriate documentation, is warranted.
The More-or-Less Morphing Face Illusion Revisited: Perceiving Natural Transient Changes in Faces Despite Fast Saccades

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

van Lier and Koning introduced the more-or-less morphing face illusion: The detection of changes in a constantly morphing face-sequence is strongly suppressed by fast eye saccades triggered by a moving fixation dot. Modulators of this intriguing effect were investigated with systematically varied facial stimuli (e.g., human faces from varying morphological groups, emotional states) and fixation location. Results replicated the overall pattern of moving fixations substantially reducing the sensitivity to detect transitions. Importantly, a deviation from real to perceived changes could only be detected when faces were altered in a way not happening in real world—by changing identity. When emotional states of faces were changed, people were capable of perceiving these changes: A situation very similar to everyday life where we might quickly inspect a face by executing fast eye saccades but where we are still aware of transient changes of the emotional state of the very same person.
Gender Inclusive Value Chains : Improving Women’s Participation in Solomon Islands

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this report was to identify the constraints to, and effective measures for, increasing women’s participation and productivity in agricultural value chains in Solomon Islands, including through the Second Rural Development Program (RDP II). The report highlights five key recommendations: (1) make ‘savings clubs’ more accessible, attractive and sustainable; (2) roll out a family-oriented and gender sensitive financial literacy training program; (3) support high-end or specialty cocoa markets and buyers; (4) explore modifications to the design of cocoa solar dryers; and (5) sensitize lead partners under RDP II to the benefits of engaging women.
Cable television and Open Computer Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The article describes information network and CATV applications, backbone network structure. Cable is a natural network for carrying high-capacity, bandwidth-intense information. In the age of analogue program signals, cable's capacity was a natural transmission mediafor broadcast color TV and high-fidelity stereo sound programs. In the new digital program signal age, cable's high capacity is a natural network for carrying interactive computer-based, data-intensive multimedia programs. The introduction of the Open Computer Network (OCN) providing Internet like services, will lead to higher-level demands by users. For example, users will be asking for higher quality, greater functionality, and lower charges for high-speed, high-throughput data transfer. To respond effectively to the wishes of sophisticated and varied users, technology development must be pursued from the user's point view. For this reason, research and development is being performed on middleware to open up network functions and make it possible for the user and network to cooperate with each other. This article discusses the development of major technologies for achieving an enhanced OCN (next-stage OCN) which should become a catalyst for the future multimedia network, and presents a future vision for the network.
I See America Dancing: Selected Readings, 1685–2000 edited by Maureen Needham. 2002. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, xiii + 249 pp., photographs, bibliographies and fdmography, appendix, index. $44.95 cloth; $18.95 paper.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Representing dancers, scholars, admirers, and critics, I See America Dancing is a diverse collection of primary documents and articles about the place and shape of dance in the United States from colonial times to the present. This volume offers a lively counterpoint between observers of the dance and dancers' views of what they do when they dance. Dance traditions represented include the Native American pow-wow; tribal music and dance activities on Sunday afternoons in New Orlean's Congo Square; the colonial Playford Balls and their modern offspring, country line dancing; and the Buddhist-inspired Japanese Bon dances in Hawaii. Anti-dance perspectives include government injunctions against Native American dancing and essays from a range of speakers who have declared the waltz, the twist, or the senior prom to be a careless quick-step away from hell or the brothel. I See America Dancing examines the styles that have marked theatrical dance in America, from French ballet to minstrel shows, and presents the views of influential dancers, choreographers, and the pioneers of early modern dance in Specific pieces examined include George Ballanchine's ballet Stars and Stripes, Yvonne Rainer's protest piece Flag Dance, 1970, and Sonj Mayo's Naked in America. Covering historical social attitudes toward the dance as well as the performers and their works, I See America Dancing is a comprehensive, scholarly sourcebook that captures the energy and passion of this vital artform.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PROJECTS OF CO2INJECTION INTO OIL FIELDS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper reviews the economic side of such environmentally significant projects as CO 2 storage in depleted oil fields. Despite the fact that the technology of enhanced oil recovery injection of carbon dioxide already in use abroad (for example, in the United States and Canada), to date there is still no methodology for determining the economic impact of CO 2 -EOR methods. The present study proposes a model the injection of CO 2 into the oil reservoir and evaluate the cost effectiveness of such projects on the basis of the developed technique. In the article a methodology to calculate CO 2 enhanced oil recovery efficiency is presented, as well as its application to model CO 2 injection in case of two oil fields. The dynamics of cumulative oil production and CO 2 cut since the start of injection is studied. Sensitivity analysis for cumulative oil production from a number of physical and chemical properties of the reservoir is carried out. A comparative analysis of necessary changes in infrastructure equipment depending on whether CO 2 injection is the 2 nd or the 3 rd method of enhanced oil recovery is also presented in the paper. The classification and calculation methodology of emerging capital and operational costs associated with CO 2 -EOR projects are developed. For two selected projects NPV and breakeven CO 2 price subject to market oil price are estimated. General conclusion on the principal possibility of a CO 2 -EOR project to pay off is drawn, and the limits for oil and CO 2 prices that make the project economically efficient are stated.
HUMAN HEARING AND SPEECH DURING WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Binaural thresholds for four tones (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 cycles per second) and tape recordings of spoken messages were obtained from eight subjects under various conditions of vertical sinusoidal vibration. The vibration frequencies ranged from 1 to 27 cps and were presented at four subjective reaction levels. These data were systematically compared to control data obtained when no vibration was present. Hearing thresholds were significantly affected by vibration, but the effects were variable from subject to subject and from tone to tone. Rated judgments of change in intelligibility and speech ''pattern'' were inconclusive because of a lack of spread in the ratings.