jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Use of a Commercial Textbook in English 1 Course at a University in South Korea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the use of a commercial textbook in English 1 Course at a university in South Korea seen from the framework of a sound curriculum development. Thus, the use of a commercial textbook was analysed and evaluated in relation to elements of curriculum development, such as needs analysis, learning aims, syllabus, methodology, and materials, as well as assessments. It was found that the use of the textbook drove what were taught in the whole course and thus practically “functioned” as its syllabus. However, it was found that the textbook could not facilitate learners to achieve all of the learning aims of English 1 course and it contributed to a disparity of learners' achievements across different classes. Furthermore, the reading assessment, derived from the textbook, was unable to assess learners’ achievements in all of the learning aims of English 1 course. Thus, it is suggested that teachers form informal workshop groups among teachers where they can share problems they face in class and possible solutions on how to address them in areas within their control. Based on the results of the study as well as the limitations, some recommendations for future studies are also presented.Keywords: commercial textbook, English 1 Course, curriculum, syllabus
Heterogeneous demand for soybean quality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Agricultural commercialisation is a critical pathway for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the lack of market information may impede this development. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to examine market information and preferences for soybean quality in a developing-world context. We seek to understand the nature of information markets associated with the nascent soybean trade in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to inform the market and policy of previously unknown key marketing information. The research involves a discrete choice experiment with 228 buyers of soybean involving five key soybean quality attributes. The sample represents three distinct classes of buyer/traders: wholesalers, processors and retailers. Traders significantly discount the price of soybean attributes such as off-colour, small grain size, low oil levels and high contamination with foreign material, such as stones. Foreign material ranks highest of the attributes that we examined, in terms of the discount level, at 22%. The study finds significant preference heterogeneity among traders, explained partly by the socioeconomic and trade characteristics of the respondents. We identified three distinct classes of traders per the latent class logit (LCL) results, namely ‘high price discounters’, ‘big bean supporters’, and ‘oil sceptics’. Our findings improve soybean market information, transparency and signalling. This will lead farmers to be more efficient and allow policymakers to understand better how the market actually prices grain at the farm gate.
Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of <i>Zelkova sinica</i> Schneid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zelkova sinica Schneid. is a popular landscape plant in China because of its wide adaptation, strong disease resistance, large crown, and beautiful fall color. Immature embryos from Z. sinica seeds were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 4.5 μM 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 5.4 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce callus, and 60% of immature embryos formed callus. The cream-white, friable, nodular callus with proembryogenic structures was then cultured on WPM containing 5.4 μM NAA in combination with 9.0 or 11.2 μM BA to regenerate shoots; approximately five shoots per explant were induced on 70% callus. Shoots were rooted on WPM containing 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), on which 62.3% shoots developed roots with an average of 4.2 roots per shoot at 4 weeks. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and transplanted into the field. This protocol could be used for mass production for field plantation, genetic improvement, and germplasm exchange of Z. sinica.
Data from MicroRNA Replacement Therapy for miR-145 and miR-33a Is Efficacious in a Model of Colon Carcinoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>MicroRNAs (miRNA) aberrantly expressed in tumors may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. miR-145 is downregulated in various cancers including colon carcinoma in which <i>in vitro</i> studies have established proapoptotic and antiproliferative roles. miR-33a was connected recently to cancer through its capacity to downregulate the oncogenic kinase Pim-1. To date, miRNA replacement therapy has been hampered by the lack of robust nonviral delivery methods for <i>in vivo</i> administration. Here we report a method of miRNA delivery by using polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated delivery of unmodified miRNAs, using miR-145 and miR-33a to preclinically validate the method in a mouse model of colon carcinoma. After systemic or local application of low molecular weight PEI/miRNA complexes, intact miRNA molecules were delivered into mouse xenograft tumors, where they caused profound antitumor effects. miR-145 delivery reduced tumor proliferation and increased apoptosis, with concomitant repression of c-Myc and ERK5 as novel regulatory target of miR-145. Similarly, systemic injection of PEI-complexed miR-33a was validated as a novel therapeutic targeting method for Pim-1, with antitumor effects comparable with PEI/siRNA-mediated direct <i>in vivo</i> knockdown of Pim-1 in the model. Our findings show that chemically unmodified miRNAs complexed with PEI can be used in an efficient and biocompatible strategy of miRNA replacement therapy, as illustrated by efficacious delivery of PEI/miR-145 and PEI/miR-33a complexes in colon carcinoma. <i>Cancer Res; 71(15); 5214–24. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Grappling with History: Sikh Politicians and the Past

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

T HROUGHOUT 1984 AND 1985, I worked regularly with the literature relating to Punjab politics over the last ten years. I was continually astonished at the way in which Sikh politicians found it especially necessary to invoke the past-and to portray past events in a way that did not correspond to any documentary evidence I had seen. Though I well knew that public figures elsewhere in India and the world use the past for present political purposes, Sikh politicians seemed to have special problems. For them, the constant pressure to invoke history seemed manifestly greater than that acting on politicians in most other polities. Moreover, the necessity to tailor the past to justify actions in the present was not a problem for Sikh politicians alone but for all who dealt with them. Only-it seemed to me-by understanding the dilemma that interaction with their history imposed on Sikh public figures could anyone, government or individual, negotiate fruitfully with Sikhs on matters connected with Punjab politics. This essay attempts to identify the problem, explain its origins, and suggest implications for contemporary politics.
Socio-technological Co-evolution Approach: An Endeavor by the by the JST-RISTEX Environment-Energy R&D Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bearing in mind the co-evolution nature of transition to a sustainable low carbon system, in this paper, we define a new “co-evolution approach” and implemented it as an R&D funding program of JST-RISTEX. Through the examination of R&D project results, we found that our socio-technological co-evolution approach is effective for involving both academia and local stakeholders at the early stage of scenario building (co-design) and motivating them to commit sustainable local actions together (co-production). This approach initiated by our R&D program is a valuable endeavor implemented even ahead of the “Future Earth” international research initiative for sustainability under the International Council for Science (ICSU).
Comparison of different multivariate calibrations and ensemble methods for estimating selected soil properties with vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sustainable soil management requires a correct assessment of soil chemi- cal and physical properties. Historically, this has been gained through conventional laboratory analyses, which are considered costly and time-consuming, particularly when a large number of soil samples need to be analysed. An alternative, faster and less expensive, approach is based on the use of reflectance spectroscopy in the vis- NIR domain. This approach implies the calibration of predictive models that relate the spectral reflectance to soil properties. The goodness of the models can be partic- ularly influenced by the multivariate methods used. In this article, we compare the performance of different multivariate and statistical ensemble methods for estimating some basic soil properties, such as sand, silt, clay, and organic carbon in the specific pedo-environmental conditions of an important agricultural area in southern Italy.
[The assessment of the regularity of the nephron anlage tubule formation on the basis of provisionality principle].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of the definitive kidneys of 94 human embryos and fetuses at 4.5 to 12 weeks of gestation, has demonstrated that the formation of the proximal nephron tubules resulted from the cellular proliferation in the area of transition of the capsule of the renal corpuscle into the tubular part of the nephron that occurs only after the completion of the segregation of the renal corpuscle and the distal tubule within the nephron anlage. The formation of the renal tubules in the nephron anlage seems to be determined phylogenetically, while the initial differentiation of the distal tubule is a provisional feature.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships ofN-Benzyl Phenethylamines as 5-HT2A/2CAgonists

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

N-Benzyl substitution of 5-HT2A receptor agonists of the phenethylamine structural class of psychedelics (such as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, often referred to as 2C-B) confer a significant increase in binding affinity as well as functional activity of the receptor. We have prepared a series of 48 compounds with structural variations in both the phenethylamine and N-benzyl part of the molecule to determine the effects on receptor binding affinity and functional activity at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. The compounds generally had high affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor with 8b having the highest affinity at 0.29 nM but with several other compounds also exhibiting subnanomolar binding affinities. The functional activity of the compounds was distributed over a wider range with 1b being the most potent at 0.074 nM. Most of the compounds exhibited low to moderate selectivity (1- to 40-fold) for the 5-HT2A receptor in the binding assays, although one compound 6b showed an impressive 100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT2A receptor. In the functional assay, selectivity was generally higher with 1b being more than 400-fold selective for the 5-HT2A receptor.
Investigating transcriptional control of MECP2-BDNF-miR-132 homeostasis network; implicating the role of MeCP2E1/E2 overexpression and metabolic drugs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rett Syndrome (RTT) and MECP2 Duplication Syndrome (MDS) are caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene encoding “methyl CpG binding protein 2” (MeCP2), a critical epigenetic regulator in the brain. There is no cure available for these diseases, but symptoms have been reversed in mouse models. The two isoforms of the protein, MeCP2E1 and E2 are differentially expressed in the brain and there is increasing evidence that they have unique functions, which is important to consider in developing therapeutic strategies for MeCP2-related disorders. MeCP2 has been shown to function as a transcriptional activator and repressor but the role of each isoform in transcriptional regulation has not been extensively studied. In this study, a new gain-of-function model of MeCP2 isoform-specific overexpression was generated in human brain cells through stable lentiviral transduction. Nascent RNA analysis was performed to test the transcriptional effects of the two isoforms on selected target genes, BDNF and miR-132, which form a homeostasis network with MeCP2, as well as Nucleolin and ribosomal RNAs. Both isoforms were shown to increase nascent BDNF transcripts. The results of the human brain cell line correspond with previous observations in human RTT brain tissues, indicating the model established here could be used in the future for additional screening studies. Small molecule drug screening for RTT therapies has recently focused on metabolic drugs which have the potential to correct metabolic defects in RTT patients as well as cognitive defects. The impact of these drugs on MeCP2 regulation is an important aspect of these studies, since MeCP2 levels are tightly controlled. In this study, the effect of simvastatin and metformin on MECP2 and BDNF transcription was assessed in human brain cells. The results suggested that metformin controls MECP2E1 and BDNF post-transcriptionally, but the effect on MECP2E2 is transcriptional and is a promising drug for RTT. This study highlights the importance of isoform-specific analysis in studies of MeCP2 function and analysis of potential RTT therapies.
[Surgical prevention of acute stroke in atherosclerotic carotid stenosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of carotid endarterectomy performed in 687 patients for the symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Operation in most patients was performed under general anesthesia with intraoperative transcranial oximetry monitoring. Early good and satisfactory postoperative results in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid stenosis were 95.9% in asymptomatic and 97.2% in symptomatic patients. Hemodynamically significant restenosis over 50% of chink in 3 years follow-up was found in 3.4% patients. Eversion endarterectomy application permite to reduce the duration of the operation. Transcranial oximetry application during surgery helps to realise best surgical tactics and is helpful on decision to use or not an intraoperative shunt.
Cheap and safe tsetse control for livestock production and mixed farming in Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Trypanosomosis remains a widespread constraint on animal production, human health and agricultural livelihoods in rural Africa. Methods of tsetse control are reviewed and recent developments in bait technology are highlighted as a cost-effective and environmentally benign means of increasing agricultural production and improving food security. It is concluded that the restricted application of insecticide to cattle to suppress and eliminate local tsetse populations should be promoted as one of the key, farmer-based, disease control measures to complement, or as an alternative to, the prevailing widespread use of trypanocides.
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antifungal Activity Against Anthracnose Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was isolation, identification of lactic acid bacteria from different source and testing their antifungal activity against phytopathogens fungi C. capsici and C. gloe osporio ides. The isolates were identified by their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and their antifungal activity was performed by the overlay method. Seven LAB isolates were showed good antifungal activity against phytopathogens fungi and were grew at different temperatures, pH and NaCl. However, C5 and G7 have the ability to inhibit the growth of both target phytopathogens fungi compared to other isolates. C5 and G7 identified by API 50CHL kit as Lactobacillus plantarum and the identified by used l6S rDNA was Lactobacillus plantarum C5 and L. pentosus G7. This is the first study that observed LAB isolates L. plantarum C5 and L. pentosus G7 inhibited both of C. capsid and C. gloesporeioides in vitro. This study demonstrates that the LAB L. plantarum C5 andL. pentosus G7 have potential to be used as biological control of this phytopathogen by inhibiting the mycelia growth.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The identity of the long-overlooked Ronabea morindoides and Patabea tenuiflora, synonymous with a species of Appunia (Rubiaceae).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The identity of the long-overlooked Ronabea morindoides and Patabea tenuiflora, synonymous with a species of Appunia (Rubiaceae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/afae9d3b-65e7-40c1-a944-79101c551194 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/afae9d3b-65e7-40c1-a944-79101c551194. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
TREATMENT OF 39 CASES FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH HOLLOW COMPRESS SCREW FIXATION AND QUADRATUS FEMORIS MUSCLE PEDICLE BONE GRAFT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the clinical effect of quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone graft with hollow compress screw fixation for the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults. Methods During 2005～2010,39 patients with femoral neck fractures were treated by hollow compress screw fixation and quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone graft with open reduction through posterolateral hip incision. Results All the patients were followed up for 1 ～ 3 years.All cases were primarily healed,the heal period were between 3～6 months(4.8 months in average).According to the Harris index,the results were excellent in 31cases(79.49%),good in 6(15.39%),and poor in 2(5.12%).The excellent and good rate of the clinical effect was 94.88%. Conclusion The treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults with quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone graft combined hollow compress screw fixation is an ideal method,which provides a low damage,rapid recovery and good fixation and fewer complication rate.
Identification of Donor Melanoma in a Renal Transplant Recipient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient with chronic renal failure received a closely matched cadaveric kidney. Approximately 3 months after transplantation, the patient developed a metastatic malignant melanoma. A large retroperitoneal mass consisting of large pleomorphic polygonal neoplastic cells was found close to the donated kidney. This tumor was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma. DNA analysis of this tumor, the donated kidney, and the recipient indicated that the melanoma originated from the donor. Although this is not the first report of a donated melanoma, it is the first report of definitive DNA analysis of the origin of the malignant cells.
A new anophthalmic trechine genus and two new species from southern Guizhou China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Tian, Mingyi, Chen, Mengzhen, Ma, Zijun (2020): A new anophthalmic trechine genus and two new species from southern Guizhou China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). Zootaxa 4766 (4): 575-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.4
Phaseolus vulgaris ECe7140

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris
Common name(s): common bean
Conserved by: Dipartimento di scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche (D3A-UNIVPM), Italy
Local sample unique identifier: ECe7140
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2015-05-15
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: SMTA transfer
Effect of three different fixed-time AI protocols on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rates in suckled, dual-purpose cows in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Reproductive performance is crucial for profitability of dual-purpose cow-calf production in the Ecuadorian Amazon. To evaluate three different fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols in suckled, dual-purpose cows in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Lactating, Brown Swiss cows (n=301) received 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal device containing 0.5 g of progesterone (P4) on Day 0. They were allocated randomly into the following three treatment groups: Cows in the EB group received 500 μg cloprostenol (PGF2α), and P4 devices were removed on Day 7, and 1 mg EB was administered on Day 8. Cows in the ECP group were treated as those in the EB group, except that they received 0.5 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP) at the time of P4 device removal on Day 7 instead of EB on Day 8. Cows in the J-Synch group had the P4 device removed and PGF2α administered on Day 6. All cows were FTAI on Day 9; cows in the J-Synch group also received 100 μg gonadorelin at that time. Although the diameter of the dominant follicle and the resulting CL were greater (P<0.05) in cows in the J-Synch group, pregnancies per AI did not differ (P>0.2) among groups (EB: 51.0%, ECP: 53.0% and J-Synch: 59.4%). The three protocols tested were applied successfully in suckled, dual-purpose cows with no differences in pregnancies per AI. Highlights: Estradiol and progesterone based FTAI protocols can be successfully applied in dual purpose cows in the tropics, with P/AI ≥50%. Proestrus prolongation increased dominant follicle diameter at the time of FTAI and also CL diameter 7 days pos treatment Although differences were not significant, the protocol with the prolonged proestrus (J-Synch) resulted in higher P/AI than the two protocols with short proestrus. Regardless of the protocol used, there was a positive association between estrus manifestation, follicle diameter at the time of FTAI and CL diameter 7 days post treatment.
PSXV-2 Can lambs modify their grazing behavior according to the finishing production systems?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the main sheep producing regions in Brazil, the system is pasture-based, cultivated and native ones for lamb meat production. The objective of this study was to characterize the ingestive behavior of lambs in different feeding systems in mixed winter pastures (2015, 2016). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two feeding systems and four replicates: (S1) lambs weaned at 60 days of age and supplemented with concentrate (2% LW.day-1) to slaughter at 40 kg LW; (S2) lambs neither weaned nor supplemented (suckling) until slaughter at 40 kg LW. 24 lambs were studied for each feeding system in both years. The pasture was characterized from samples (0.1 m2) collected at different points in each plot. To evaluate the ingestive behaviour - bite mass (g forage per bite) and biting rate (number of bites per minute), the continuous bite monitoring method was applied. The daily grazing time also was monitored. Analysis of variance was performed by a GLM procedure. The forage canopy was predominantly composed of black oats and ryegrass, but with the occurrence of other species (Table 1). The bite mass was higher for the suckling lambs compared to weaned and supplemented ones, in second winter. The biting rate of the suckling lambs was higher (P=0,015) for the first (2015) but it did not differ (P=0.496) for the second winter (2016). Most of the bites were composed by the mixture of species, about 15 cm of height, with presence of senescent material, for both systems. Weaned and supplemented lambs showed the shortest daily grazing time (P<0,05). Lambs that were finished under breastfeeding, without concentrate, increases the bite mass (g) and the grazing time to meet nutritional requirements. The animals modify their ingestive behaviour adapting to the nutritional status and influenced by the feeding systems.