jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Cathepsin B Inhibitor, z-FA-FMK, Inhibits Human T Cell Proliferation In Vitro and Modulates Host Response to Pneumococcal Infection In Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The cathepsin B inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-phenyl-alanyl-fluoromethylketone (z-FA-FMK) at nontoxic doses was found to be immunosuppressive and repressed human T cell proliferation induced by mitogens and IL-2 in vitro. We showed that z-FA-FMK suppresses the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ as well as the expression of IL-2R α-chain (CD25) in activated T cells, whereas the expression of the early activated T cell marker, CD69, was unaffected. Furthermore, z-FA-FMK blocks NF-κB activation, inhibits T cell blast formation, and prevents cells from entering and leaving the cell cycle. z-FA-FMK inhibits the processing of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to their respective subunits in resting T cells stimulated through the Ag receptor, but has no effect on the activation of these caspases during Fas-induced apoptosis in proliferating T cells. When administered in vivo, z-FA-FMK significantly increased pneumococcal growth in both lungs and blood, compared with controls, in a mouse model of intranasal pneumococcal infection. Because host response to bronchopneumonia in mice is T cell dependent, our collective results demonstrated that z-FA-FMK is immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo.
Faithful Partner: The Role and Agency of Pastors' Wives in the Protestant Reformation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores the critical yet often overlooked roles of pastors' wives during the Protestant Reformation, focusing on three key figures: Katharina von Bora, Katharina Schütz Zell, and Elisabeth Cruciger. It examines how these women navigated the complexities of Reformation-era Germany, blending traditional gender roles with new practices that emerged from their unique positions as clerical spouses. By investigating their personal histories, theological contributions, and community engagements, the thesis demonstrates that these pioneering women established a distinct archetype for pastors' wives. This archetype was characterized by a profound commitment to faith, an expanded view of motherhood and wifely duties, and active participation in their husbands' ministries. The research highlights how their roles were shaped by a dynamic interplay between rebellion and conformity, ultimately reshaping societal norms and contributing significantly to the Reformation movement. Through a detailed analysis of their lives and writings, this work provides new perspectives on gender and social history in early modern Germany, challenging traditional narratives and emphasizing the agency and authority of these influential women.
Nonlinear Flutter of Cylindrical Panels Under Yawed Supersonic Flow Using Finite Elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the extensive published literature on panel flutter, large number of papers were dedicated to investigate flat plates in the supersonic flow regime. Very few authors have extended their work to flutter of curved panels. The curved geometry generates a pre-flutter behavior due to a static aerodynamic load (SAL) over the panel resulting in the existence of a static deflection. The purpose of this paper is to provide new insights in the subject of flutter of curved panels. A finite element frequency domain method is developed and presented to predict the pre-flutter behavior and the flutter onset of curved panels. The firstorder shear deformation theory, the Marguerre curved plate theory, the von Karman large deflection theory, and the quasi-steady first-order piston theory appended with SAL are used in the formulation. The principle of virtual work is applied to develop the equations of motion of the fluttering system in structural node degrees of freedom (DOF). The NewtonRaphson iteration method is used to determine the panel deflection under the SAL, and an eigen-value solution is employed for the determination of the flutter critical dynamic pressure at different panel height-rises. Pre-flutter static deflection shape, flutter coalescence frequency, and damping rate of various cylindrical panels are thoroughly investigated. The main results revealed that the pre-flutter static response of curved panels is fundamentally different from the one associated with flat plates. It is shown that curvature has a detrimental effect for 2-D cylindrical panels, and beneficial for 3-D at an optimum heightrise.
Construction and Analysis of the Operating Leverage Curve

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The effect of operating leverage is an important tool for management analysis, reflecting the relationship between the natural volume of product sales and operating profit, and serves as an indicator of operational risk. This makes the issue of monitoring the indicator, determining safe boundaries and the degree of stability of its values relevant. The article presents an example of constructing and analyzing the operating leverage effect curve. The main element of novelty in the framework of the study was the thesis on the allocation of segments according to the criterion of elasticity of the effect of operating leverage.
High‐Betweenness Proteins in the Yeast Protein Interaction Network

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Structural features found in biomolecular networks that are absent in random networks produced by simple algorithms can provide insight into the function and evolution of cell regulatory networks. Here we analyze “betweenness” of network nodes, a graph theoretical centrality measure, in the yeast protein interaction network. Proteins that have high betweenness, but low connectivity (degree), were found to be abundant in the yeast proteome. This finding is not explained by algorithms proposed to explain the scale‐free property of protein interaction networks, where low‐connectivity proteins also have low betweenness. These data suggest the existence of some modular organization of the network, and that the high‐betweenness, low‐connectivity proteins may act as important links between these modules. We found that proteins with high betweenness are more likely to be essential and that evolutionary age of proteins is positively correlated with betweenness. By comparing different models of genome evolution that generate scale‐free networks, we show that rewiring of interactions via mutation is an important factor in the production of such proteins. The evolutionary and functional significance of these observations are discussed.
[Biliary ileus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a report on nine cases presenting biliary ileus. All patients undergo operative management. Two female patients present Bouveret's syndrome. The inference is reached that gallstone induced intestinal obstruction is characterized by atypical clinical patterns, conditioning in turn the diagnostic difficulties encountered, and the necessity to undertake operative treatment against the background of advanced ileus. The latter is one of the rarest forms of intestinal obstruction. Biliary ileus treatment consists in the removal of small intestinal impatency. The concretion is pushed in oral direction, and its evacuation is successfully accomplished by enterotomy, duodenotomy or gastrotomy. Two fatal outcomes due to severe advanced form of ileus are reported.
Concentration of Bunker C Fuel Oil in the Waters of Chedabucto Bay, April 1971

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The concentrations of Bunker C fuel oil in the waters of Chedabucto Bay in April 1971, 14 months after the Arrow disaster, were uniformly low, averaging 1.5 ppb. Comparison with other data indicates that concentrations in the bay have dropped more than an order of magnitude in the last year and now are at a level that is typical for the concentration of petroleum residues in the marine waters off Atlantic Canada. Although practically all of the Bunker C originating from the Arrow appears to be gone from the water column, oil coverage is still extensive in some inshore areas and considerable quantities of sedimented oil are probably present in the sediments of the bay.
A cost‐effective and reliable method to predict mechanical stress in single‐use and standard pumps

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The suitability of oil–water emulsions to predict shear forces in stirred bioreactors under cost‐effective and time‐saving conditions has been demonstrated several times, but no application to pumps has been described so far. In this report, the drop sizes in a model oil–water system were determined for the Levitronix PuraLev® multiuse (MU) series (PuraLev® 200MU and PuraLev® 600MU), a peristaltic pump (Masterflex® I/P Easy Load), and 4‐piston diaphragm pump (Quattroflow 1200‐SU, where SU is single‐use) using inline endoscopy. It was determined that the Sauter mean diameter could be used as a comparison criterion to estimate mechanical stress in pumps. The investigation showed that PuraLev® MU pumps are characterized by up to 59% larger Sauter mean diameters than their counterparts at comparable operational conditions. This indicates lower hydrodynamic stress in the PuraLev® MU pumps. Using computational fluid dynamics, a well‐streamlined fluid flow and low turbulent energy dissipation rates were found in the PuraLev® MU pumps, which correlated well with experimental results. A calculation model was used to predict the Sauter mean diameter by combining both experimental and computational fluid dynamics data. Good agreement with deviations below 13% was determined between model predictions and experimental data.
Supplementary Table 3 from Serum Pepsinogens and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Relation to the Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Table 3 from Serum Pepsinogens and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Relation to the Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
Leading by example

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the interdependence between donor countries’ health aid expenditures. The specific form of interdependence considered is the leader effect, whereby an influential country has a positive leverage effect on other donor countries’ aid expenditure. The opposite case of a free-rider effect, whereby a single donor country has a negative leverage effect on its peers, is also considered. Design/methodology/approach – Focusing on the identification of the leader effect avoids the estimation bias present in the identification of the peer group effect, due to endogenous social effect. The empirical analysis focuses on Development Assistance for Health provided by 20 OECD countries over the period of 1990-2009. Aid commitment and aid disbursement are distinguished. Findings – When aid dynamics, country heterogeneity, and endogeneity are accounted for, there is no evidence that the biggest donor – the USA, or the most generous donors – Norway and Sweden, exhibit any leverage effects on other donor countries’ aid expenditures. Originality/value – This is the first paper to examine the leader and free-rider effects in health aid provision as previous studies focus on peer effects. Any evidence of leader or free-rider effects (or the lack of it) adds to the understanding of international political economy especially in the area of foreign aid provision.
Attractors for Second Order in Time Non-Conservative Dynamics with Nonlinear Damping

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A long-time behavior of solutions to a nonlinear plate model subject to non-conservative and non-dissipative effects and nonlinear damping is considered. The model under study is a prototype for a suspension bridge under the effects of unstable flow of gas. To counteract the unwanted oscillations a damping mechanism of a nonlinear nature is applied. From the point of view of nonlinear PDEs, we are dealing with a non-dissipative and nonlinear second order in time dynamical system of hyperbolic nature subjected to nonlinear damping. One of the first goals is to establish ultimate dissipativity of all solutions, which will imply an existence of a weak attractor. The combined effects of non-dissipative forcing with nonlinear damping-leading to an overdamping-give rise to major challenges in proving an existence of an absorbing set. Known methods based on equipartition of the energy do not suffice. A rather general novel methodology based on ``barrier's'' method will be developed to address this and related problems. Ultimately, it will be shown that a weak attractor becomes strong, and the nonlinear PDE system has a coherent finite-dimensional asymptotic behavior.
Molecular Design and Cloning of Model Antimicrobial Peptide PGYa and Its Secreted Expression in Pichia pastoris

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Based on sequence analogy and amphipathicity analyse of α-helical antimicrobial peptides, a sequence template was extracted. The model antimicrobial peptide PGYa(peptide beginning with Gly and ending with Tyr-NH2) was designed by virtue of the template and computer-aided design subsequently. Using the optimal condon of Pichia pastoris, PGYa gene with 94 bp length were achieved through a recursive PCR strategy. Especially a Kex2 signal cleavage site was fused in 5' end of the antibacterial peptide gene to make sure the expression protein with nature N-terminal. The modified antibacterial peptide gene was then cloned into the pPICZα-A vector to construct the recombinant expression vector pPICZα-A-PGYa, and transformed into yeast host strain X-33. Under the control of the promoter AOX1(alcohol oxidase 1), the PGYa protein with a molecular weight of 2.8 kD was expressed in supernatant protein. Preliminary antibacterial assays showed that PGYa has a potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5α.
A Study of Comparison of Mixture Mode of High Polymer Material with Crack, Hole and Inclusion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the recent society, we use many various tools which are made of the high polymer material for the daily life. And the new polymer material is studied, developed and invented. These materials are made on the automation line systems in the factories. The products owes a rigious test to the safety and the confidence, are shipped to the users or exported to the many countries. After testing, however, materials often contain the cracks, holes or inclusions. The stress intensity generates at the summit of the crack. may cause the big accidents. Cracks, holes or inclusions have negative effects on the rigidity and the safety. Many researchers are studying the problems about cracks, holes and inclusions in the materials, and this matter was experimented and analyzed using the polycarbonate by authors. This paper showed the mixture mode about a comparison of the distances and the angle from a summit of the crack.
The Thermal Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermal Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide1Lewis Friedman and Jacob BigeleisenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 9, 2215–2217Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01105a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01105a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN OTHER STATES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE ACCESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TEXAS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The primary objectives of this research were to investigate access management programs, plans and related activities in various states in order to learn lessons from their experiences, and to determine what Texas needs to do regarding legislation to develop and implement an access management program. This report summarizes the findings of case studies performed on selected states' access management activities, including New Jersey, Colorado, Oregon, Montana, Michigan, Wisconsin and Hawaii. The research team interviewed department of transportation (DOT) representatives from each state either in person or over the telephone to find out details about the activities and to develop recommendations. This report contains summaries of the state DOT responses and comments, as well as recommendations for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The findings and recommendations included in this report will aid TxDOT in the development of an access management program. Detailed information related to legal and legislative issues are included in a white paper, titled Access Management Strategy in Texas: Legal and Policy Considerations, also published as a part of this project.
Alternaria vicatiae L. He & J. X. Deng 2020, sp. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alternaria vicatiae L. He & J. X. Deng sp. nov. Fig. 2 B–E MycoBank: 834478 Etymology:—In reference to the host genus, vicatia. Descriptions:— Colonies on PDA buff to salmon, ochreous to sienna in reverse, velvety, 79‒82 mm in diam. After 7 days at 25 °C in darkness (Fig. 2B). On PCA: conidiophores straight or curved, smooth-walled, 45‒159 × 4‒7.5 μm with 2‒8 septa (Fig. 2C); conidia solitary, long-narrow ovoid or ellipsoid body, apex rounded, base narrow abruptly, 48‒94 × 12‒24 (‒34) μm in size, 5‒12 transverse septa; beak long-narrowed filiform, single commonly, 1-branched from beak rarely, 126‒350 × 2‒5 μm in size (Fig. 2D‒E). On V8A: conidiophores 34‒93 (‒125) × 4‒7.5 μm with 3‒7 septa; conidia solitary, long-ovoid body, 38‒89 × 12‒23 μm with 5‒11 transverse septa; beak filiform, most singly, sometime 1-branched, occasionally 2-branched, 129‒270 × 2.5‒5 μm in size. Materials examined:— China, Gansu Province, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Hezheng county, Hezheng Medicinal Botanical Garden of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine located in Gansu, from yellowish leaves with necrotic symptoms of Vicatia thibetica, 1 Jul. 2017, J.X. Deng. deposited by L. He, living cultures YZU 171341 and YZU 171342. Notes:—The species produces conidia in small body with solitary or 1-branched beak, occationally 2-branched beak (only on V8A), which was easily could be differentiated from A. herbiculinae (larger conidial body) and A. saposhnikoviae (solitary beak) (Table 2). It is distant from A. dauci and A. poonensis in the phylogenetic tree, but also obviously different in their morphology (Table 2).
The Role of Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors on the Antinociception of Intrathecal Zaprinast in the Formalin Test of Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Spinal zaprinast, phospodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to have an antinociception through an increase of cGMP.The aim of this study was to examine the role of spinal adrenergic and cholinergic receptors on the antinociceptive action of intrathecal zaprinast.Methods: Rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters.After formalin injection, formalin-induced nociceptive behavior (flinching response) was observed for 60 min.After observing the effect of intrathecal zaprinast, antagonism of intrathecal prazosin, yohimbine, atropine and mecamylamine for the effect of zaprinast were evaluated.Results: Intrathecal zaprinast produced a dose-dependent suppression of formalin-induced flinches in both phases of the formalin test.Intrathecal prazosin reversed the antinociception of zaprinast in phase 2, but not phase 1. Intrathecal yohimbine reversed the antinociception of zaprinast in both phases.Neither atropine nor mecamylamine reversed the antinocicetive action of zaprinast.Conclusions: Intrathecal zaprinast is against the nociceptive state evoked by formalin stimulus.Alpha 2 or alpha 1 adrenergic receptor, but not cholinergic receptors, may be related to the action of zaprinast in the spinal cord.(
Association between SLGT2 Inhibitor Use and the Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, and Empagliflozin) are antidiabetic medications that have been demonstrated to have cardio- and nephron- protective effects. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated tumor suppressive effects in gastrointestinal and prostate cancers. SGLT2 inhibitors have not been studied in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) or Multiple Myeloma (MM). We aimed to assess the association between SLGT2 inhibitor use and the progression of MGUS to MM in patients diagnosed with MGUS and a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) using the nationwide U.S. Veterans Health Administration database. Methods: Veterans diagnosed with MGUS between October 1, 1999, and December 31, 2021 were identified. A natural language processing algorithm was used to confirm MGUS diagnosis and progression to MM. Because SGLT2 inhibitors were approved as new treatments for DM after 2013, our analysis included patients who were diagnosed with MGUS after 2014 with a prior diagnosis DM. We excluded patients diagnosed with MGUS prior to DM and patients who progressed ≤ 1 year of MGUS diagnosis or ≤2 years of DM diagnosis. The outcome was MGUS progression with a maximum follow-up of 7 years after MGUS diagnosis. Cumulative incidence functions stratified by SGLT2 inhibitor use status (ever vs never use) were plotted. Gray's test was performed to detect the difference between the two functions. The association between SGLT2 inhibitors (time-varying depending on medication dispense) and progression was analyzed using a multivariable Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model with death as a competing event. Results: Our NLP algorithm confirmed 17,969 patients with MGUS and DM. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, the analytic cohort included 7,568 patients, of which 1,115 patients ever used SGLT2 inhibitors. The cumulative incidence functions stratified by SGLT2 inhibitors ever use status are separate (see figure) but not statistically significant (p = .1332). The multivariable analysis demonstrated that SGLT-2 inhibitor was inversely related with progression to MM (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.08-1.25, p = 0.10). Conclusions: In patients with MGUS, SGLT2 inhibitor use is associated with non-statistically significant trend towards decreased progression to MM. Further clinical studies are warranted to examine whether SGLT2 inhibitors can be used as potential chemoprevention agents in MGUS patients. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal