jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of grafted copolymers of cod collagen and acrylamides in the presence of alkylborane – p-quinone system

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The graft polymerization of acrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide onto collagen in the presence of triethylborohexamethylenediamine complex and a number of p-quinones, including benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, 2,5-di-tretbutyl-p-benzoquinone, and duroquinone, was studied. In all cases, p-quinones act as polymerization retarders, reducing monomer conversion. An exception is the graft polymerization of acrylamide onto collagen in the presence of benzoquinone, which acts as a polymerization inhibitor. The proportion of the synthetic fragment in the obtained copolymers is determined by the structure of the monomer and p-quinone. The molecular weight distribution curves contain modes related to unreacted collagen, which differ significantly from those of the initial collagen in terms of intensity. This is related to the formation of a grafted copolymer of cross-linked structure, which cannot be analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. The degradation of copolymers under the action of enzymes was controlled by gel permeation chromatography. Enzymatic hydrolysis of copolymers proceeds slower than that of collagen, which confirms the formation of a copolymer. Following three hours after the onset of hydrolysis, the molecular weight distribution curves contain low-molecular weight modes of collagen and low-intensity modes related to polyacrylamide. The morphology of copolymers differs from that of collagen and polyacrylamides. Cytotoxicity evaluation of copolymers is an important research stage, determining their prospects as the basis of materials for regenerative medicine. An analysis of extracts obtained from the copolymers using culture medium by MTT assay showed a high rank of their toxicity, which can be reduced by dilution of collagen and N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer extracts with aqueous solutions. For the copolymers of collagen and acrylamide, the toxicity is maintained due to the high toxicity of the monomer. Their toxicity can be reduced by extraction of unreacted acrylamide with chloroform.
SiO<inf>2</inf>-metal cantilever structures under thermal and intrinsic stress

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The mechanical behavior of multi-layered cantilever structures made of SiO 2 coated with thin metal films (chromium and gold) is investigated considering the intrinsic and thermal stress. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations were performed to analyze the influence of residual stress components on such cantilever structures.
Laterally Confined Large-Grained Poly-GeSi Films: Crystallization and Dopant Activation Using Green Laser

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports crystallization with a pulsed Yb:YAG thin disk laser (λ = 515 nm) of amorphous Ge0.85Si0.15 films approximately 100 nm thick, on silicon wafers with thermal oxide. Pre-patterned lines were employed to steer the crystallization and to form confined large grains. In total, 64% of the grains were longer than 2 μm, among them 40% were reaching 8–35 μm in length. These values, orders of magnitude larger than the layer thickness, were a result of so-called super-lateral growth. The grains were laterally confined within a 3 μm wide space. The crystallization led to a substantial residual tensile stress with a strain of 3.4%. Green-laser activation of BF2 +, As+ and P+ implants was studied in amorphous and polycrystalline Ge0.85Si0.15 films and led to successful dopant activation with resistivity values in the range of 5–20 m_-cm achieved for all the implants.
Management Of Aspergillus Leaf Spot Diseases on Terminalia Catappa In Sokoto, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research on the diseased leaves of Terminalia catappa (tropical almond) was conducted in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Permanent site, Wammako local government, Sokoto. The locations where the diseased leaves were collected, purposively selected because of the abundance of the tree species in those locations. The objective was to identify fungal foliar diseases associated with Terminalia catappa and then develop control measures of the pathogen. Diseased leaves were collected and taken to the department of biological sciences, Mycology laboratory, Botany unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University for identification. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ustus and, Aspergillus flavus were the fungal pathogens identified and suspected to be the cause of the foliar diseases on the tree species. Suncozeb, a broad-spectrum fungicide was obtained for the management of these diseases. The chemical was applied at different concentration rates (50%, 100% and, 150%) and the zones of inhibitions were observed and measured. It was observed that the higher the concentration the higher the zones of inhibition; this was the case for all the organisms identified. Past research showed that high temperature makes this species prone to soil-borne pathogens and this is the case with the study area of this research. As part of the recommendation, since it was observed that 150% of Suncozeb clearly inhibited the growth of the pathogen to a certain level, a higher concentration of this same chemical will increase the inhibition zone and possibly bring a complete stoppage of the pathogen spread.
Hipótesis y conclusiones en investigaciones sobre calidad educativa. Un análisis de coherencia en tesis de posgrado

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to analyze the coherence of the presentation of hypotheses and conclusions in postgraduate thesis on educational quality, which was carried out with a descriptive design. The population consisted of postgraduate theses on educational quality from four Universities of Lima, supported from 2020 to 2022, and the sample was adequate and representative. After the documentary review and analysis, the statistical analysis allowed us to find as a result a weak linear positive correlation of such variables with a significance much lower than 0.01, which means that there is no optimal logical articulation between elements of the these.
Loss of ALCAM/CD166 partially protects against diabetic nephropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/Background: Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) has been shown to function as a pattern recognition receptor, analogue to the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts. In this study role of ALCAM in diabetic nephropathy was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes, and further investigated in vitro and in vivo using homozygous knock-out mice for ALCAM (ALCAM-/-).
Users and services in intelligent networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a vision of an Intelligent Network in which users dynamically indicate their requests for services and formulate needs in terms of quality of service (QoS) and price. Users can also monitor on-line the extent to which their requests are being satisfied. In turn the services will dynamically try to satisfy the user as best as they can and inform the user of the level at which the requests are being satisfied, and at what cost. The network will provide guidelines and constraints to users and services, to avoid that they impede each others' progress. This intelligent and sensible dialogue between users, services and the network can proceed constantly based on mutual observation, network and user self-observation, and on-line adaptive and locally distributed feedback control which proceeds at the same speed as the traffic flows and events being controlled. We review issues such as network ‘situational awareness’, self-organisation and structure, and relate these concepts to the ongoing research on autonomic communication systems. We relate the search for services in the network to the question of QoS and routing. We examine the need to dynamically protect the networked system from denial of service (DoS) attacks and propose an approch to DoS defence which uses the detection of violations of QoS constraints and the automatic throttling or dropping of traffic to protect critacl nodes. We also discuss how this vision of an Intelligent Network can benefit from techniques that have been experimented in the cognitive packet network test-bed at Imperial College, thanks to ‘smart packets’ and reinforcement learning, which offers routing that is dynamically modified using on-line sensing and monitoring, based on users' QoS needs and overall network objectives.
Optimal mixed payment system and medical liability. A laboratory study.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In a controlled laboratory environment, we test the role of medical malpractice liability on physicians’ service provision under fee-for-service, capitation, and mixed payment. We find that the introduction of medical liability causes a significant deviation from patient-optimal treatment that it is not mitigated by the use of a standard mixed payment system. Specifically, we find that the presence of medical liability pressure involves a proper optimal calibration of mixed payment system. Our findings have relevant policy implications for the correct calibration and implementation of the mixed payment system.
Procedural Autonomy in Sweden: Is Materielle Prozessleitung the Answer?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to a statement from an influential procedural law textbook in Sweden, the consequences of Europeanisation of civil procedure in consumer cases can largely be handled by courts through active engagement with the parties on defining the scope of the dispute: so-called materielle Prozessleitung. The chapter argues that while materielleProzessleitung can indeed ensure compliance, to a significant degree, with EU legal requirements within the ordinary procedure, it can have only very limited effects on procedures initiated outside the ordinary courts, such as arbitration and summary procedures. Furthermore, achieving these effects would require judges to take a significantly more active role than what is currently regarded as common and proper. It can be questioned whether judges are prepared and equipped to take on this role, without a mandate from the legislature and considering the workload and pace in the lower courts, where the opportunities for successful Prozessleitung are best. The chapter also raises a principled concern as to the appropriateness of far-reaching materielle Prozessleitung as a general solution to the problem of Europeanisation, seeing that it would significantly alter the balance between party autonomy and court passivity. The chapter concludes with a call for a principled approach to procedural autonomy, which reserves some flexibility for the Member State legal orders.
APPLICANT AGE AND SELECTION INTERVIEW DECISIONS: EFFECT OF INFORMATION EXPOSURE ON AGE DISCRIMINATION IN PERSONNEL SELECTION

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two research questions pertaining to the applicant age bias effect were addressed in this study: the effect of age‐related information exposure on selection decisions and the issue of between‐sample generalizability with reference to the age bias effect. Manager and student selectors made selection decisions after viewing one videotape of a simulated selection interview of either an old or a young job applicant. Before viewing the interview tape, half of each subject group was given an item of age‐related information and the other half was given neutral information. The results showed that, under the neutral information condition, managers preferred hiring the young applicant for the low‐status job, and students favored the old candidate for the high‐status position. Under the age‐related information condition, managers shifted to favoring the old candidate for the low‐status job, and students preferred the young applicant for both the low‐ and high‐status positions. Age discrimination in selection decisions and the lack of external validity of student results in selection research are then discussed.
[Sequential internal mammary artery bypass for multiple coronary stenoses].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-term studies (10 years) show a 50 per cent patency rate of saphenous vein autograft and 95 per cent patency rate of internal mammary artery coronary bypass grafts. In some situations (after saphenous vein stripping, varicose and fibrotic veins) it is not possible to use venous grafts and the internal mammary artery has to be used. However, the internal mammary artery is usually only used for revascularisation of the left anterior descending artery. Sequential internal mammary artery bypass is a technique which can be used for revascularizing the left anterior descending artery. Seven men aged 44 to 68 years (average 55 years) were operated between November 1983 and February 1985. These patients had clinically stable (4 cases) or instable (3 cases) angina. Two patients had previously undergone bilateral saphenous vein stripping and one patient a terminal anastomosis on the left anterior descending and a latero-lateral anastomosis on the diagonal artery. Three patients had an associated venous bypass graft and one patient also underwent aortic valve replacement. There were no cases of postoperative myocardial infarction. Five control angiographies were carried out during the first postoperative month. In 4 patients the internal mammary graft ant the latero-lateral and termino-lateral anastomoses were patent. In the other case, the latero-lateral anastomosis and the diagonal artery was occluded but the internal mammary graft and the termino-lateral anastomosis on the left anterior descending artery were patent. The average follow-up period is now 18 months: there have been no recurrences of chest pain or any ECG changes. These results show that internal mammary artery bypass grafting is a delicate procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Seasonal changes in condition, reproduction and fecundity in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 1248 rabbits ( Oryctolagus amiculus ) were shot on farmland in Cambridgeshire, UK over a period of three years. This provided pooled estimates of changes in reproductive and body condition and of fecundity during the annual cycle. Both males and females showed a significant annual cycle in reproductive condition as indicated by changes in the size of the gonads and accessory glands of reproduction. No females were pregnant during October, November and December, but males with active spermatogenesis were found during every month of the year. The distribution of pregnancies through the year showed that the reproductive season varied greatly between individuals. Peak fecundity occurred during April, May and June. On average, each female conceived 23.9 and suckled 17.2 young per breeding season. Proportionately more young died during the early stages of the reproductive season. The body weight of adult males, but not of females, varied seasonally. Body condition (kidney fat index) in adults was maximal at the start of the breeding season and minimal at the end.
Research on new Energy Vehicle Modeling Design based on the Converge of Art and Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the digital age, the vehicle has gone beyond the basic properity of the vehicle has gradually become a mobile data port. From the perspective of users, the comfortable, safe and high-speed driving experience of vehicles no longer meets the needs of users. In the future, vehicle will become an important tool for mobile life service. Therefore, the vehicle artistic modelling design is bound to the direction of digital, intelligent development. In this paper, the key factors affecting the vehicle art design are analyzed comprehensively and systematically, and the law of the new energy vehicle art design is explored from two aspects of technology and art. Then the method of new energy vehicle art design is discussed.
Human T cell receptor gamma delta + T cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

TCR gamma delta + T cells represent a minority of CD3+ T cells in many species including man. The molecular structure of the TCR gamma and delta loci in man is well understood. The gamma and delta loci contain V, D, J and C gene segments. These segments do not rearrange randomly but in a coordinated, ordered fashion during thymic development. Therefore, the structure of gamma and delta genes of early fetal TCR gamma delta + thymocytes differ drastically from those in postnatal TCR gamma delta + thymocytes. In contrast to postnatal TCR gamma delta + thymocytes, early fetal-TCR gamma delta + produce substantial levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and the possibility is discussed that the early fetal TCR gamma delta + cells are involved in development of TCR gamma delta + cells. In man, unlike in mouse, no preferential homing of early fetal TCR gamma delta + cells has been observed so far. Mature human peripheral TCR gamma delta + cells can recognize a great variety of cell surface antigens including 'classical' and 'non-classical' MHC antigens, immunoglobulins and other undefined antigens. In addition, TCR gamma delta + can recognize bacterial products. So far, no class of antigens has been defined that is preferentially recognized by TCR gamma delta + T cells and the function of these cells remains elusive.
A Study on the Technology Addiction and its Impacts among Adolescent

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Tech Addiction is a plethora of different kind of addiction involves mobile phone addiction, social media addiction, internet addiction, game addiction, web series and chat addiction. These are the some kind of addictions that attracts the adolescent peoples around the world. Other than this there are some of the addictions that create massive variations in the brain activity which include drug and alcohol addiction. Due to this the adolescent people most often prone into the stressful situation. They think these addictions provide pleasure and releases stress temporarily. However it creates the impacts on the human brain and its functions.
Open Challenges for Crowd Density Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, many emergency systems and surveillance systems are related to the management of the crowd. The supervision of a crowded area presents a great challenge especially when the size of the crowd is unknown. This issue presents a point of start to the field of the estimation of the crowd based on density or counts. The density of a crowded area is one of the important topics dealt with in many kinds of applications like surveillance, security, biology, traffic. In this paper, we try not only to present a deep review of the different approaches/techniques used in the previous works to estimate the size of the crowd but also to describe the different datasets used. A comparison of some related works based on the weakness and the strength features of each approach is highlighted to show the important research key related to the field of the estimation of the crowded area.
16S rRNA gene‐based phylogenetic microarray for simultaneous identification of members of the genus Burkholderia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary For cultivation‐independent and highly parallel analysis of members of the genus Burkholderia , an oligonucleotide microarray (phylochip) consisting of 131 hierarchically nested 16S rRNA gene‐targeted oligonucleotide probes was developed. A novel primer pair was designed for selective amplification of a 1.3 kb 16S rRNA gene fragment of Burkholderia species prior to microarray analysis. The diagnostic performance of the microarray for identification and differentiation of Burkholderia species was tested with 44 reference strains of the genera Burkholderia , Pandoraea , Ralstonia and Limnobacter . Hybridization patterns based on presence/absence of probe signals were interpreted semi‐automatically using the novel likelihood‐based strategy of the web‐tool PhyloDetect. Eighty‐eight per cent of the reference strains were correctly identified at the species level. The evaluated microarray was applied to investigate shifts in the Burkholderia community structure in acidic forest soil upon addition of cadmium, a condition that selected for Burkholderia species. The microarray results were in agreement with those obtained from phylogenetic analysis of Burkholderia 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from the same cadmium‐contaminated soil, demonstrating the value of the Burkholderia phylochip for determinative and environmental studies.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN BLOOD DONORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study investigates the effects of blood donation on carbohydrate metabolism and examines dietary strategies to support donor health. Blood donation is vital for healthcare but can temporarily disrupt glucose levels, potentially causing symptoms like fatigue and dizziness, particularly in donors susceptible to blood sugar fluctuations. Method: The research integrates a review of WHO guidelines, an analysis of recent studies on carbohydrate metabolism in blood donors, and the development of specific nutritional recommendations to support recovery. The WHO guidelines offer foundational insights into safe donation practices, while scientific research provides data on glucose regulation and recovery needs. Results: Findings reveal that complex carbohydrates before donation stabilize glucose levels, while fast-absorbing carbohydrates after donation rapidly restore energy, reducing symptoms associated with blood sugar dips. Regular donation may also benefit individuals with high carbohydrate intake by regulating glucose levels and reducing disease risks. Novelty: This study uniquely combines WHO recommendations with recent scientific insights to provide a practical, evidence-based dietary framework specifically tailored for blood donors, addressing both donor safety and physiological recovery. This approach emphasizes the importance of carbohydrate type and timing, offering a nuanced perspective for dietary management in donation contexts, and underscores the need for future research on personalized nutrition strategies for optimal donor health.
NWTS program criteria for mined geologic disposal of nuclear waste: repository performance and development criteria. Public draft

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This document, DOE/NWTS-33(3) is one of a series of documents to establish the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) program criteria for mined geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste. For both repository performance and repository development it delineates the criteria for design performance, radiological safety, mining safety, long-term containment and isolation, operations, and decommissioning. The US Department of Energy will use these criteria to guide the development of repositories to assist in achieving performance and will reevaluate their use when the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission issues radioactive waste repository rules.