jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How consumer characteristics moderate time effects on online purchase preference

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we posit that time-related effects (i.e., the importance of saving time) on patronage preference for shopping online will be moderated by consumer characteristics. To explore these moderating effects, we empirically examine the moderating roles of consumer characteristics on the respective effects of shopping-time-saved and delivery on online purchase preference. On the basis of analyses performed on data gleaned from an Internet-based survey, this study demonstrate that time effects related to both shopping-time-saved and delivery on online purchase preference are more pronounced for consumers who are male, young, and more starved for time. In addition, the effect of delivery time on online patronage preference is amplified by disposable income, but attenuated by online shopping experience. Through our analyses, we also find that Japanese consumers value delivery time to a greater degree than Chinese and American consumers do.
Charge density wave transition and unusual resistance hysteresis in vanadium disulfide (1T-VS2) microflakes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We report existence of charge density wave (CDW) transition with unusual resistivity hysteresis in stable micro-flakes of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) vanadium disulfide (1T-VS 2 ) as ascertained by structural studies, Raman spectroscopy, heat capacity, resistivity measurements and supported by phonon calculations based on density functional theory. The CDW transition occurs at around 296 K on cooling and manifests itself by the onset of resistivity with a negative temperature coefficient, which we identify as the transition temperature (T CDW ). The transition is identified by a distinct peak in the heat capacity at T ≈ T CDW along with anomalies in temperature variation of the lattice parameters and complimentary signatures in electron diffraction and temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements done with different ramp rates of cooling and heating show strong hysteresis and a low temperature relaxation pointing to the existence of metastable states below the transition. The Raman spectroscopy data show a hysteresis loop below the onset of the CDW transition. The phonon band structure calculations carried out on the 1T-VS 2 system show the existence of the phonon mode softening along the diagonal of the Brillouin zone, which is pronounced near the transition temperature implying the prominent role of the mode softening as a driver of the transition. The results imply that the formation of CDW is sensitive to phonon mode softening rather than energy gap opening at the Fermi level.
Protocol of mechanical ventilation and prevention of complications in critical care of patients with COVID-19: First version for Serbia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In December 2019, a new Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as responsible for outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The World Health Organization has announced a pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) on March 2nd 2020. COVID-19 is a respiratory infection where majority of patients have mild clinical symptoms. About 14% of patients require hospitalization and oxygen therapy and 5% of patients require admission to the intensive care unit. The most severe clinical cases include ARDS, sepsis and septic shock, acute renal failure, multiorgan dysfunction, and myocardial damage. Spread of the infection so far indicates that the number of patients requiring hospital admition and intensive care treatment will significantly burden the health care system in all countries. Several intensive and critical care protocols, based on the first experiences in treatment of viral pneumonia and severe COVID-19 illness, have already been published. Here we present the first version of a suggested protocol in our country, with an attached flowchart for the initial management of the COVID-19 patients in need for mechanical ventilation. The protocol is based on the worldwide existing experience in treatment of COVID-19 patients. The intention is not to replace the clinical experience and critical judgment of the attending doctors, but to strengthen their decisions and tailor treatment according to the recourses existing in our country.
Transurethral Prostatectomy — A General Review: I. Prostates and bladder necks not suitable for transurethral resection. II. Two complications of T.U.R.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conditions not suitable for T.U.R. are described; the overly large middle lobe; the filiform urethral stricture; and multiple bladder calculi. One cause of epididymitis is discussed.
Peroxidase labelled mumps virus antigens and their application in IgM capture immunoassay: first experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three types of mumps virus antigen have been prepared: virion antigen (MV); soluble nucleoprotein (NP) antigen; envelope glycoprotein (eGp) antigen. These antigens were coupled directly with horse-raddish peroxidase and tested by IgM-capture technique against selected human sera. The advantage of the suggested design, in addition to general superiority of the IgM-capture systems, lies in its selectivity achieved by introducing a monoclonal antibody for IgM binding and in time saving due to the use of labelled antigen without the loss of sensitivity and specificity. The assay fulfils the criteria for quick viral diagnostic. Our first experience on application of the labelled antigens in enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is described.
Stereochemical Aspects of Enantiopure and Racemic Organolithium Aggregates Li4Ar4 {Ar = C6H4[CH(Me)NMe2]‐2}

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The compounds ( R )‐ and rac ‐[1‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]benzene, ( R )‐ 1 and rac ‐ 1 , respectively, react quantitatively with t BuLi in a 1:1 molar ratio in pentane to give the corresponding ( R )‐ and rac ‐[Li 4 {C 6 H 4 [CH(Me)NMe 2 ]‐2} 4 ], ( R )‐ 2 and rac ‐ 2 , respectively. The same reaction with n BuLi afforded a 1:1:1 aggregate of n BuLi, 2 , and 1 according to the results of quench experiments with H 2 O and D 2 O. The 1 H, 13 C, and 7 Li NMR spectra, as well as the single‐crystal X‐ray structure, reveal that ( R )‐ 2 has a unique self‐assembled tetranuclear structure of two diastereoisomeric dimeric units both in solution, in non‐coordinating hydrocarbon solvents, and in the solid state. Detailed information about rac ‐ 2 , which, in contrast to the high solubility of ( R )‐ 2 , is essentially insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents, was provided by 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra. We conclude that rac ‐ 2 is a self‐assembled tetranuclear aggregate comprising a combination of two dimeric units, but in this case they are derived from the ( R )‐ and ( S )‐enantiomers, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Self-etching Primers vs Acid Conditioning: Impact on Bond Strength Between Ceramics and Resin Cement

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY This study tested whether a self-etching surface agent and the conventional hydrofluoric acid (HF) would provide the same bonding capacity between resin cement and feldspathic (Fd) and lithium disilicate (Ld) ceramics. Ceramic blocks were cut with a low-speed diamond saw with water cooling (Isomet 1000, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) into 20 blocks of 5 × 7 × 4 mm, which were ground flat in a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler) under water cooling. The blocks were randomly divided into eight groups (n=5), according to ceramic type (Ld or Fd), surface conditioning (HF + Monobond Plus or Etch and Prime), and aging by thermocycling (TC or absence-baseline). After 24 hours in 37°C distilled water, blocks were embedded into acrylic resin and 1-mm2 cross-section beams composed of ceramic/cement/composite were obtained. The microtensile test was performed in a universal testing machine (DL-1000, EMIC, São José dos Campos, Brazil; 0.5 mm.min−1, 50 kgf load cell). Bond strength (MPa) was calculated by dividing the load at failure (in N) by the bonded area (mm2). The fractured specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy, and one representative sample of each group was randomly selected before the cementation and was further used for analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The self-etching agent showed the highest bond strength for Fd (24.66±4.5) and Ld (24.73±6.9) ceramics and a decrease in surface wettability. SEM and EDS showed the presence of similar components in the tested materials with different topographies for both. Therefore, the self-etching primer was able to deliver even higher bonding than HF+silane to a resin cement.
From revivalist to undertaker

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is the second of a two-part article which examines the implications of the changing relationship between those who exercise political and State power in Ireland and those who adhere to the minority Irish language culture. Building on the analysis in the first article (Ó Giollagáin, 2014) in relation to the evolution of language policy in the Irish State since independence in 1922, this paper offers an analysis of current language policy reform. The analysis here contends that the aim of the current language policy reform process is to give a superficial aura of renewal, while at the same time enshrining the marginalization of the Irish language reducing it to an institution-based identity rather than a sociocultural phenomenon. Rather than intervening proactively against the imminent social collapse of Irish, the Irish State, through the mechanisms of the 20 Year Strategy for Irish and the amended Gaeltacht Act 2012 , is instead adopting a palliative care approach to the sociocultural demise of Irish. The first paper contended that the Irish State effectively abandoned the language revival in the early 1970s and this paper asserts that the current reform process marks a completion of the abandonment process by which the Irish State is divesting itself of practical responsibility for the remaining Irish-language (Gaelic) autochthony in the Gaeltacht in favor of a visionless and institutionally-circumscribed L2 language culture for Irish. The Irish state is now effectively consigning the living culture of Irish to history, while at the same time attempting to disguise this significant shift in policy by subcontracting its new policy of encouraging L2 language networks to language agencies with inadequate institutional capacities and resources for the task.
Loss: Divorce, Separation, and Bereavement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Almost every young person will experience loss of some type before they reach adulthood. We discuss in some detail the specific losses of separation/divorce and bereavement, epidemiology and recent research in these areas, clinical diagnoses that may arise, and recommended treatment approaches. Large numbers of children continue to grow up in disrupted families, and we recount recent studies of the consequences of divorce, both sociologically and individually. The impact of divorce on a child's development is now recognized as a significant long-term stressor. In detailing the course following bereavement, we describe the concept of "tasks of grief" now widely used to understand the grieving process. It is often challenging to assess what is the "normal" course following loss, so we detail the diagnoses of adjustment disorder and bereavement, and the differential diagnoses that may overlap or supervene, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and disruptive behavior disorders. Treatment must be developed to meet the individual needs of a particular patient and their family. Family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy are widely used.
Cooling Load Calculations for a Mosque Using HAP Software

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The hourly analysis program (HAP) software plays a very vital role in our life. Previously, cooling load calculation was manually, which was so time consuming, complex, and tedious, and there was more chance of errors in calculating cooling load manually. The HAP software is user friendly and aids in obtaining a result in a minimum time with more accuracy. Trial and authentication of this software were done by carrying out a case study in a mosque at Rampur city, Delhi NCR, and cooling load was estimated. For this, an algorithm or pseudo code along with a flow chart and a design for every step were created one by one on the basis of the value given by the user as per the architectural design. After analysis of the obtained data, it was found that 5.8 TR AC is required for the chosen mosque.
380-P: Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in People with Diabetes With or Without Background Insulin—Data from DAR Global Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: A considerable number of studies have assessed the safety of Ramadan fasting in people with diabetes mellitus. This global survey from various region in the middle east and north Africa is tailored to fill further gaps in safety of SGLT2i during Ramadan fasting. Methods: The participating countries from 5 geographical regions were as follows: Southeast Asia, Gulf nations, Maghreb countries, Middle East and Turkey. All participating physicians interviewed people with diabetes who intended to fast Ramadan, the biometric and biochemical data was extracted from the electronic medical files Results: The overall survey population was 5865 people with T2D on oral injectable. Out of those patients 2379 were on SGLT2i plus other hypoglycaemic agents. 705 were on GLT2i without Sulfonylurea (SU) or insulin, 927 were on SGLT2i and insulin but without SU, and 169 patients were on combination of theSGLT2i, SU, and insulin. Only 5.4 % did break their fast in the SGLT2i group compared to 13.6% in the triple combination. Hypoglycemia was least encountered in the SGLT2i (8%), 16.4% in the dual combination, and 20.9% in the triple combination therapy. Majority of hypoglycemia episodes were between 3 pm and Maghrib time (estimated 6-8 PM) in the SGLT2i group (72.5%), while in the group with insulin and/or SU had hypoglycemia predominance from 12 mid-day till maghrib. In terms of emergency room attendance due to hypoglycemia doubled when insulin was added and increased to 3.5 folds when both insulin and SU was added to SGLT2i (3.4 and 6.9%, respectively compared to 1.9% in the SGLT2i group). Conclusion: In this study, SGLT2i without insulin and/or SU is associated with less hypoglycemia, less days with broken fasting due to diabetes related complications. The emergency room attendance increased up to 3.5 folds when Insulin and/or SU to SGLT2i. Disclosure E.I.E. Abdelgadir: None. M. Hassanein: Research Support; Novo Nordisk A/S. Advisory Panel; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company.
Marker-assisted identification of maize genotypes with improved protein quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Currently, more than 70 % of maize is used for food and fodder; therefore, grain quality improvement can increase its nutritive and energy value. Deficiency of two essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) significantly reduces the nutritional quality of maize proteins. However, in comparison to conventional maize varieties, opaque2 (o2) mutants have greater contents of lysine and tryptophan in their endosperm proteins and their bioavailability is better. The aim of the study was identification of maize accessions with high-quality protein. A collection of maize accessions of various ecogeographical origins was studied by molecular methods. This approach was expected to improve maize breeding efficiency. We collected 54 maize genotypes differing in grain quality performance. Amplification with three specific markers to the opaque-2 gene (phi057, phi112 and umc1066) revealed homozygous recessive o2 genotypes, associated with improved nutritional quality of the protein. UREA-PAG electrophoresis of zein proteins was used for Quality Protein Maize (QPM) identification. In addition to the mutant o2 allele, QPM contains genetic modifiers that convert starchy endosperm of o2 mutant to the hard vitreous phenotype. The selected QPM accessions are of interest for maize breeding programs aimed at grain quality improvement. The use of the markers to o2 and modifier genes accelerates the development of QPM varieties and significantly reduces the labor and financial costs of their production.
ABI4 Activates DGAT1 Expression in Arabidopsis Seedlings during Nitrogen Deficiency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major seed storage lipid and is important for biofuel and other renewable chemical uses. Acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TAG biosynthesis pathway, but the mechanism of its regulation is unknown. Here, we show that TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings increased significantly during nitrogen deprivation (0.1 mm nitrogen) with concomitant induction of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and accumulation, such as DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1. Nitrogen-deficient seedlings were used to determine the key factors contributing to ectopic TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. Under low-nitrogen conditions, the phytohormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in promoting TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4), an important transcriptional factor in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, bound directly to the CE1-like elements (CACCG) present in DGAT1 promoters. Genetic studies also revealed that TAG accumulation and DGAT1 expression were reduced in the abi4 mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that abscisic acid signaling is part of the regulatory machinery governing TAG ectopic accumulation and that ABI4 is essential for the activation of DGAT1 in Arabidopsis seedlings during nitrogen deficiency.
Evolution of MicroRNAs Located Within Hox Gene Clusters

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form an abundant class of non-coding RNA genes that have an important function in post-transcriptional gene regulation and in particular modulate the expression of developmentally important transcription factors including Hox genes. Two families of microRNAs are genomically located in intergenic regions in the Hox clusters and vertebrates. Here we describe their evolution in detail.
Brassica oleracea L. subsp. capitata (L.) DC. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. capitata (L.) Duch. ex Lam., BRA 712

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Brassica oleracea L. subsp. capitata (L.) DC. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. capitata (L.) Duch. ex Lam. Accession number: BRA 712 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1973 Origin country: Unknown Biological status: Unknown MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: Yes
Effects of broadband noise on cortical evoked auditory responses at different loudness levels in young adults

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Young adults with no history of hearing concerns were tested to investigate their /da/-evoked cortical auditory evoked potentials (P1-N1-P2) recorded from 32 scalp electrodes in the presence and absence of noise at three different loudness levels (soft, comfortable, and loud), at a fixed signal-to-noise ratio (+3 dB). P1 peak latency significantly increased at soft and loud levels, and N1 and P2 latencies increased at all three levels in the presence of noise, compared with the quiet condition. P1 amplitude was significantly larger in quiet than in noise conditions at the loudest level. N1 amplitude was larger in quiet than in noise for the soft level only. P2 amplitude was reduced in the presence of noise to a similar degree at all loudness levels. The differential effects of noise on P1, N1, and P2 suggest differences in auditory processes underlying these peaks. The combination of level and signal-to-noise ratio should be considered when using cortical auditory evoked potentials as an electrophysiological indicator of degraded speech processing. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
[Unusual case of bilateral optic neuritis in Lyme neuroborreliosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most common manifestations of Lyme disease are neurologic and rheumatologic, but ophthalmologic lesions can also occur and may even be dominant. The authors describe a case of bilateral optic neuropathy associated with Lyme borreliosis that quickly led to near-total blindness. In addition to a loss in visual acuity and field bilateral papillary edema was documented by angiofluorography. A spectacular improvement was obtained under combined antimicrobial therapy using doxycycline and corticosteroid therapy. The patient rapidly recovered full vision. These observations are discussed within the context of Lyme disease with a review of other relevant ophthalmologic complications. The importance of careful interpretation of serology is emphasized.
Antimicrobial Activities of81.723 hfu, a NewPleuromutilin Derivative

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Thenew pleuromutilin derivative 81.723 hfuisextremely active against gram-positive organisms such asstreptococci, staphylococci, andagainst mycoplasmas. AnumberofShigella, Klebsiella, andEscherichia coli strains werealso foundtobequite susceptible tothis new agent, whereas other gram-negative organisms likePseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, andAlcaligenes faecalis proved tobenaturally resistant to81.723 hfu. Thenew compound acts bacteriostatically. Bactericidal effects havebeenobserved only atconcentrations which are100-fold higher thantheminimal inhibitory concentrations. Thenew antibiotic iswelltolerated inallanimal species tested so farandhasbeen successfully usedinthetreatment ofexperimental infections withgram-positive organisms andwithmycoplasmas inmiceandrats. Resistance against this new compound arosegradually inallmicroorganisms investigated. Itisnoteworthy 'that therateatwhichresistance against 81.723 hfuemerged inmycoplasmas (Mycoplasma gallisepticum andMycoplasma hyorhinis) was significantly slower thanthecorresponding rateatwhichresistance against tylosin tartrate appeared. Mycoplasma strains whichbecameinsensitive to81.723 hfuwere also resistant totylosin tartrate, whereas mycoplasmas whichdeveloped resistance against tylosin tartrate, although less sensitive to81.723 hfuthanwild-type strains, werestill eliminated bythis drug. Inastrain ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, complete cross-resistance was observed between thepleuromutilin derivative on one handandlincomycin anderythromycin on theother. Modestdegrees of cross-resistance were alsoobserved withchloramphenicol. However, itappears unlikely thatthelatter phenomenon issufficiently pronounced toaffect treatment witheither antibiotic. Cultures ofthebasidomycete Pleurotus mutilis contain asubstance withamodest degree of invitro activity against gram-positive bacteria whichwascalled pleuromutilin (6). Thiscompoundwasshowntobeaditerpene antibiotic andtohavethestructure depicted inFig. 1(1, 9).Experiments whichwillbereported elsewheredemonstrated thattheantibacterial activity ofpleuromutilin canbegreatly enhanced iftheglycolic sidechain inposition 14ofthe molecule isreplaced byotheracyl residues. Following this general strategy, alarge number ofpleuromutilin derivatives, allofwhich exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity invitro andinvivo, weresynthesized. Fromthis series, 14-deoxy-14- [(2-diethylaminoethyl)-mer