jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wound Closure with Adhesive Tape

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

MEDCA JOUM"{A Scheme was launched on the whole country.without preliminary trials.Let us give the Area Health Board a trial.Keeping up with the Joneses may be distasteful or difficult for some, but if the exercise is for the good of the pro- fession as a whole, and the Health Service, it may be worth the endeavour.-I am, etc., G. MuRRAY JoNEs.Caerphilly.
Near Infrared Monitoring Of Oxygenation During Acute Brain Ischemia And Hypoxia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have developed a novel electrooptical method using near infrared light to provide a noninvasive and continuous means of assessing the brain oxygenation and established an animal model in the process for future diagnostic application in humans. The method was evaluated during acute cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.
Intra‐ and inter‐sexual competition of Populus cathayana under different watering regimes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Previous studies have demonstrated that poplar is sexually dimorphic in its responses to environmental stresses and provided evidence of sex‐related differences in protein composition, gene transcription and morphological and physiological processes. However, sexual competition of poplar has not yet been studied. We employed P opulus cathayana males and females as a model to investigate intra‐ and intersexual competition under well‐watered condition and drought stress. Our results indicated that competition significantly affected sexual dimorphism of P . cathayana under different watering regimes. Sexual competition was environment‐dependent and modified by drought. In females, drought intensified the negative effect of intrasexual competition. Similar resource utilization patterns of females may aggravate pressure for resources under drought stress. Under intersexual competition, females showed a greater competitive ability than males under well‐watered condition, while males showed a slight competitive advantage under drought stress. Intersexual competition seems to alleviate the sexual dimorphism of P . cathayana in response to drought stress, as females increase fitness and males decrease fitness compared with intrasexual competition. Sexual dimorphism in resource utilization patterns and niche segregation may contribute to sexual competition in a given environment. Sexual competition was found to affect competitive ability and fitness of both sexes, which may cause spatial segregation of sexes in P . cathyana populations.
Calculating Surface Ocean pCO<sub>2</sub> from Biogeochemical Argo Floats Equipped with pH: An Uncertainty Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

More than 74 biogeochemical profiling floats that measure water column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2sw) from float pH has uncertainty contributions from the pH sensor, the alkalinity estimate, and carbonate system equilibrium constants, resulting in a relative standard uncertainty in pCO2sw of 2.7% (or 11 µatm at pCO2sw of 400 µatm). The calculated pCO2sw from several floats spanning a range of oceanographic regimes are compared to existing climatologies. In some locations, such as the subantarctic zone, the float data closely match the climatologies, but in the polar Antarctic zone significantly higher pCO2sw are calculated in the wintertime implying a greater air-sea CO2 efflux estimate. Our results based on four representative floats suggest that despite their uncertainty relative to direct measurements, the float data can be used to improve estimates for air-sea carbon flux, as well as to increase knowledge of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in this flux.
Co-morbidities among epilepsy patients: experience in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine comprehensively all the major comorbid diseases observed among epilepsy patients. Methods: In this observational study, 1168 patients were recruited from outpatient based epilepsy clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Four categories of comorbid conditions namely neuropsychiatric, developmental (mental retardation, cerebral palsy), pain disorder (migraine) and others (hypertension, diabetes, stroke) were evaluated in these patients through a prefilled questionnaire and data were then analyzed. Epilepsy were broadly classified into generalized epilepsy (GE), localization related epilepsy (LRE), symptomatic and unclassified. Result: Among the 1168 subjects we included in this study, 71.5% were male. The most common age group at the time of interview was 11-20 years (36.8%). Only 29 (2.5%) respondents were older than 60 years. Among the listed comorbid conditions, mental retardation was the most common entity (15.5%), followed by psychiatric disorder (12.8%), hypertension (5.6%), migraine (5.4%) and cerebral palsy (5.0%). Only 1.5% had diabetes and 0.6% had stroke. Mental retardation and cerebral palsy were more common and significantly associated (p=0.0001 and 0.005) with GE patients (95 and 44), psychiatric disorder was also common among GE patients (108)) with a p value of 0.0001. But migraine was more common and significantly associated (p=0.0001) with LRE patients (46). Stroke was only present in symptomatic epilepsy group (7) and diabetes was present only in GE patients (19). Both were significant (p= 0.0001 and 0.01). But hypertension among different epilepsy groups was not significant (p=0.08). Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric, developmental and pain disorder are common comorbid associations within different epilepsy syndromes which may need special care during management of epilepsy patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v24i2.20219 Bangladesh J Medicine 2013; 24 : 65-69
Bacterial Brown Pit, a New Disease of Edible Mushrooms Caused by Mycetocola sp.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

From September to December 2018, commercial button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) farms in central Iran were surveyed to monitor the causal agent(s) of browning and blotch symptoms on mushroom caps. In addition to dozens of pseudomonads (i.e., Pseudomonas tolaasii and Pseudomonas reactans), six slow-growing gram-positive bacterial strains were isolated from blotched mushroom caps. These bacteria presented as creamy white, circular, smooth, nonfluorescent, and shiny colonies with whole margins resembling members of Microbacteriaceae (Actinobacteria). All of the actinobacterial strains were aggressively pathogenic on cut cap surface of two edible mushrooms (i.e., A. bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii), inducing brown pit symptoms 48 h postinoculation. The strains did not induce symptoms on the vegetables tested (i.e., carrot, cucumber, and potato), and they did not affect the growth of mycelium of tested plant-pathogenic fungi (i.e., Acremonium sp., Fusarium spp., and Phytopythium sp.). Phylogeny of 16S ribosomal RNA and multilocus sequence analysis of six housekeeping genes (i.e., atpD, dnaK, gyrB, ppK, recA, and rpoB) revealed that the bacterial strains belong to the actinobacterial genus Mycetocola spp., whereas the species status of the strains remains undetermined. Mushroom-associated Mycetocola species were previously reported to be capable of detoxifying tolaasin, a toxin produced by P. tolaasii, whereas the strains isolated in this study did not show tolaasin detoxification activities. Altogether, this is the first report of a mushroom disease caused by an actinobacterial species, and “bacterial brown pit” was assigned as the common name of the disease.
Demand for marijuana, cocaine and heroin: A multivariate probit approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates factors affecting the demand for marijuana, cocaine and heroin in Australia using micro-unit data from a national survey. Accounting for cross-commodity correlation potentially induced by unobserved personal characteristics such as tastes and addictive personalities, we estimate a trivariate probit model where the participation decisions for all drugs are jointly modelled as a system with correlated error terms. The estimated correlation coefficients are high across all three drugs. The multivariate approach allows us to predict joint and conditional probabilities, unavailable from univariate models. Such results offer extra insights in designing educational programs and drug policies within a multi-drug framework.
Does the serpin PI-9 protect tumor cells?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

no proof that low VEGF levels contribute to neurodegeneration.It is possible that low levels of VEGF are neuroprotective, while high levels cause neuronal sheath edema and ischemic polyneuropathy. 3VEGF's effects on the endothelial cells are more complicated.VEGF increases vascular permeability and promotes angiogenesis by stimulating endothelial-cell growth. 4 Extensive apoptosis of endothelial cells as suggested by Straume et al could have catastrophic consequences such as bleeding, a known side effect of bevacizumab.Although the data are limited, we hypothesize that endothelial damage stimulates platelet aggregation and release of VEGF that is stored at high levels in the platelets, thus maintaining adequate VEGF levels locally to preserve the newly formed blood vessels.It is worth noting that inhibition of platelet function has resulted in decreased VEGF levels and clinical improvement in POEMS. 5 Understating the cause and source of VEGF overproduction in POEMS will help define the role of bevacizumab, if any, in the treatment of this disorder.In the absence of clinical trials, bevacizumab should be carefully considered in selected POEMS patients as adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy, and when used, patients must be monitored carefully for potential toxicities.
Canine risers: indications and techniques for their use.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Tooth wear leads to alterations in both static and functional occlusal contacts and may contribute to temporomandibular joint disorders and dysfunction. Treatment of tooth wear may be time consuming, expensive and destructive of remaining tooth tissues. Bruxism has been associated with the recording of abnormally high clenching forces. This paper describes a technique for the provision of the canine riser restoration, which deliberately alters the cuspal incline in canine teeth to provide a canine guided occlusion. These restorations may help to control excessive loading of teeth, limit further tooth wear and assist in the management of temporomandibular disorders and dysfunction.
[P4–041]: PRECLINICAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF TAU ANTIBODIES TO BLOCK TAU PROPAGATION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In Alzhemer's Disease (AD), the transcellular spread of tau pathology has been proposed to be via a prion-like mechanism. Therefore, effectively neutralizing extracellular transmissible tau (“seeds”), for example via an antagonistic antibody, may block tau propagation. We have previously shown positive in vivo effect of immunotherapy with anti-tau antibodies MC-1 and PHF-1 (Chai et al. 2011 J Biol Chem). The objective of this study is to determine targeting which tau epitope may be most effective by comparing multiple tau antibodies targeting various epitopes, including aggregated tau (MC-1), phosphorylated tau (PHF-1, AT-8) and all tau forms (DA-9). We characterized antibodies in three types of assays: 1. Binding assay to tau and to tau aggregates purified from brains of AD patients; 2. In vivo chronic efficacy model where each antibody was peripherally administered for four months in JNPL3 mice. 3. Cell-based neutralization assay to reduce tau propagation. Aggregate-selective antibody MC-1 showed binding selectively to aggregated tau, over monomeric tau. MC-1 demonstrated consistent activity to reduce tau pathology in JNPL3 mice. A cell-based neutralization model was developed where antibodies, at various concentrations, were mixed with the seeds prior to loading onto the HEK293-P301S cells. When seeds were pre-treated with a control antibody, robust tau aggregation was observed by measuring hyper-phosphorylated tau in the cell lysate. However, when seeds were pre-treated with tau antibodies, seeds-induced tau aggregation was reduced. Notably, MC-1 showed the highest Emax (maximum effect) to block tau propagation. We have established in vitro and in vivo assays to determine the preclinical activity of tau antibodies. Among antibodies tested that target various tau epitopes, aggregate-selective antibody MC-1 demonstrated superior in vitro activity to neutralize transmissible tau and consistent in vivo activity to reduce tau pathology in the JNPL3 mouse model.
Inter-sectional Hybrids with Various Ploidy Levels between Primula denticulata and Three Varieties of P. modesta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reciprocal crossing was carried out between tetraploid Primula denticulata, section Denticulata and three taxa of P. modesta, diploid P. modesta var. fauriae, diploid P. modesta var. samanimontana and tetraploid P. modesta var. matsumurae, section Aleuritia. Inter-sectional hybrids were successfully obtained in all the reciprocal crosses except when P. modesta var. samanimontana was crossed with the pollen of P. denticulata. The number of hybrids obtained by using P. modesta var. fauriae as maternal parent was extremely low, whereas a large number of hybrids was obtained in the crosses when tetraploid species, P. denticulata and P. modesta var. matsumurae, were used as maternal parent. In all the cross combinations using P. denticulata as maternal parent, both legitimate and illegitimate crosses yielded germinable hybrid seeds. This suggested that in tetraploid P. denticulata heterostylous incompatibility might have decreased or had been lost at least on the female side. In most crosses, the DNA content of the hybrid was intermediate between that of the parents, except for the cross of P. modesta var. fauriae × P. denticulata, where the tetraploid hybrids were mainly produced due to the fertilization of the unreduced female gametes of P. modesta var. fauriae. These results suggest that in most of the zygotes with a lower ratio of female genome than male, development was inhibited in these inter-specific hybridizations.
Iterative methods for solving space-time one dimensional multigroup diffusion equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The numerical methods of Successive Overrelaxation (SOR), Successive-Line Overrelaxation (SLOR) and Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) are used in this research to solve space-time one-dimensional diffusion equations. The results of this research have been compared with the ANL-Benchmark Problem BSS-6-A2. In general, the results are in agreement with the Argonne National Laboratory Benchmark Source Situation (BSS-6-A2). However, there is very little difference between SOR and ANL-BSS-6-A2 because of inner iterations in the SOR method. This research shows that the SLOR and ADI methods are more accurate and more efficient than the SOR method in solving space-time diffusion equations. SLOR is the most efficient in the case of a big number of mesh elements; however, the ADI method is the most efficient in the case of a small number of mesh elements.
The quality comparison of Turkish and American picture storybooks for young children

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study, the American and Turkish picture storybooks werecompared according to some qualityaspects. A total of fifty picture storybookscollected from ten early childhoodeducation centers in Erzincan, Turkey, andTexas, U.S. were analyzed by the authors.The quality features of American and Turkish picture storybooks were analyzedthrough a scale and personal accounts of the authors regarding the scale items.It is revealed that the quality features inpicture story books across two countries wereinterconnected with the socioeconomic structure of the countries and thesuggestions were provided to raise the quality of children’s picture books inline with the educational and reading practices at school and home.
Applying dynamic programming to assembly line balancing and sequencing problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Este trabalho apresenta dois algoritmos de Programação Dinâmica que tratam os problemas Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP) e Bin-Packing Problem with Precedence Constraints (BPP-P). Enquanto o primeiro problema já foi longamente explorado, o segundo só foi estudado anteriormente em um único artigo. Para o BPP-P, nossa abordagem é a primeira a utilizar Programação Dinâmica e nós fornecemos uma nova solução ótima que, até a publicação de nosso algoritmo, era desconhecida (duas instâncias do conjunto de testes consagrado pela literatura ainda continuam sem uma resposta ótima). Para ambas variações, nossas implementações conseguem lidar com instâncias pequenas comumente utilizadas na literatura. Em média, tratamos tais instâncias com tempos de execução que vão de milissegundos até poucos minutos. Também apresentamos, para cada algoritmo explicado, uma forma de reduzir o espaço de busca: uma implementação da regra de corte Jackson Dominance Rule e uma aproximação do princípio de utilizar estações preenchidas de maneira ótima proposto por Jackson. Os impactos dessas otimizações são discutidos, medidos e comparados com os algoritmos do estado-da-arte. Observações sobre trabalhos importantes (incluindo trabalhos antigos e algortimos que são o estado-da-arte) e pesquisas são feitas com o intuito de direcionar ao leitor da área mais informações sobre problemas de balanceamento de linhas de montagem (em especial, as variantes SALBP e BPP-P).
[Long-term prognosis in children with minor glomerular abnormalities].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors evaluated the course and prognosis of the disease in 109 children with minor glomerular abnormalities manifested clinically in 45.9% as nephrotic syndrome (NS), in 33% as nephritic syndrome (GN), in 11.9% as isolated haematuria (IH) and in 9.2% as Schönlein-Henoch's purpura (PSH). In NS 78% of the children had before biopsy of the kidneys frequent relapses, 22% were resistant to cortisonoids. After biopsy all children were given cortisonoids, 94% immunosuppressive treatment with cytostatics and some of the children additional treatment. The number of resistant cases declined to 10% and the mean number of relapses from four to one in 12 months. Children under five years had more relapses (P less than 0.05) but also more complete remissions (P less than 0.001) than older children. Relapses occurred up to 10.2 years after the onset of the disease (mean = 4 years). With advancing age and duration of the disease their number declined after treatment. An adverse symptom was resistance to cortisonoids and immunosuppressive treatment, major haematuria and persisting hypertension but not immunological activity (elevated level of immune complexes, reduced C3, positive immunohistochemical finding in renal tissue). The morphological finding which at the onset was slightly beyond the range of minor abnormalities had a poorer prognosis when associated with greater clinical activity. The group developed 88% complete remissions and 6% CHRI. After 22 years the probability of survival in complete continual remission is 66%, the probability in CHRI is 10% (with morphological progression). In nephritic syndrome the children were given after biopsy prednisone in 80.6% and cytostatics in 44.4%. In PSH this treatment was given to 100% and 60% of the children, in IH to 61.5% and 7.7%. On evaluation in nephritic syndrome complete remission was recorded in 47.2%, after 0.4-10.5 years since the onset of the disease; 30.6% did not improve and in 2.8% CHRI developed. In PSH remission developed in 60% after 0.8-6.9 years, no improvement was recorded in 20%, incl. 10% where CHRI developed after a resistant course of NS. In IH 84.6% of the patients did not improve, but in none the renal function deteriorated. The course was in all instances milder than in NS, most frequently only with microscopic haematuria and/or slight proteinuria, respectively minor immunological activity. In the entire group of minor glomerular abnormalities complete remission was achieved in two-thirds of the children, in one quarter the disease did not improve, incl. 4.6% where CHRI developed, always associated with progression of morphological changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Structural analysis of the dynamic ribosome-translocon complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The protein translocon at the endoplasmic reticulum comprises the Sec61 translocation channel and numerous accessory factors that collectively facilitate the biogenesis of secretory and membrane proteins. Here, we leveraged recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and structure prediction to derive insights into several novel configurations of the ribosome-translocon complex. We show how a transmembrane domain (TMD) in a looped configuration passes through the Sec61 lateral gate during membrane insertion; how a nascent chain can bind and constrain the conformation of ribosomal protein uL22; and how the translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex can adjust its position during different stages of protein biogenesis. Most unexpectedly, we find that a large proportion of translocon complexes contains RAMP4 intercalated into Sec61’s lateral gate, widening Sec61’s central pore and contributing to its hydrophilic interior. These structures lead to mechanistic hypotheses for translocon function and highlight a remarkably plastic machinery whose conformations and composition adjust dynamically to its diverse range of substrates.
An alternative image quality assessment method for blurred images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a no-reference image quality assessment method for blurred images. In this approach, first, a discrete wavelet transform was applied to the sample images and then the results were decomposed into four subbands. This was followed by the calculation of the spatial frequencies of high-high (HH2) and low-low (LL2) subbands. Then the ratio of spatial frequencies of HH2 and LL2 subbands was calculated. Information about the image quality was obtained by using this ratio, with lower values indicative of better image quality. The study aims to investigate whether the proposed method is capable of measuring the image quality. The proposed technique was tested on the standard images. Three different images were used, of which each one was distorted with the same type and amount of noise. Motion noise, blurring and sharpening was applied to distort the images. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated and compared with eight representative image quality measures. This provides a meaningful comparison across different types of image distortions. Then, the cameraman image was also blurred with two different noises: Gaussian and disk-shaped blur. The varying amount of blur was compared with Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) values of the cameraman image. The method gives good results in different resolutions as well. Its computation is easy, independent of viewing conditions.
Toya spp. Planthopper Incidence on Brachiaria mutica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Toya spp. Planthopper Incidence on Brachiaria mutica' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.