jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PANDANGAN RUMAH TANGGA SASARAN (RTS) TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN DANA BERGULIR PNPM-MP DI KELURAHAN BALAI GADANG, KOTA PADANG

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article background is information about the data differences between statistically and realities in society about PNPM-MP Programe. Statistically PNPM-MP is considered good enough in the effort to reduce poverty have been able to reduce the number of target households in the Balai Gadang, but the reality in the field are still many poor people. In general view of the target households are not re-categorized as the objectives of the program provides pastures that show received a position as a party that can not accept a revolving fund, As for the efforts made by the PNPM-MP after the target households are not back to being targeted by inviting households to be targeted to training events associated with increased economic cooperation with the family and other financial institutions greater. As for the view of the target households on the implementation of the revolving fund PNPM-MP in the fight against poverty can be concluded that in general the target households provide a positive outlook for feel that the borrowing of funds on a rolling basis from PNPM-MP, especially for households sesaran the installment lending smoothly and has had previous attemptsArtikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya perbedaan informasi antara data secara statistik dengan realitas yang ada dalam masyarakat. secara statistik pelaksanaan PNPM-MP dinilai cukup baik dalam upaya menanggulangi kemiskinan telah mampu menurunkan jumlah rumah tangga sasaran (RTS) di Kelurahan Balai Gadang, namun realitasnya dilapangan masih banyak masyarakat misikin. Secara umum pandangan rumah tangga sasaran (RTS) tidak kembali terkategori sebagai sasaran pelaksanaan program yaitu RTS memberikan padangan yang menunjukkan menerima posisi sebagai pihak yang sudah tidak bisa menerima dana bergulir, adapun upaya yang dilakukan oleh pihak pelaksanaan PNPM-MP setelah RTS tidak kembali menjadi sasaran dengan mengundang RTS ke acara pelatihan yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan ekonomi keluarga dan melakukan kerjasama dengan lembaga keuangan lain yang lebih besar. Sedangkan untuk pandangan RTS terhadap pelaksanaan dana bergulir PNPM-MP dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum RTS memberikan pandangan positif karena merasa terbantu dengan adanya peminjaman dana secara bergulir dari PNPM-MP terutama bagi RTS yang angsuran peminjamannya lancar dan telah memiliki usaha sebelumnya.
Utilitarianism and the Appearance of Morality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

High profile events from the closing period of the Third Reich, such as Hitler's suicide in the Berlin bunker, aspects of the military campaign and Operation Harvest Festival (liquidating the final Jews in labour camps in the Government General), have been covered extensively. More usually, however, the political characteristics of the later years of the Third Reich are glossed over.1 As Hans Mommsen puts it, little attention is paid to the internal aspects of the collapse of the Hitler State.2 There are plenty of reasons for this. Partly it is a matter of pragmatics. Deadlines, word limits and waning stamina all can play a role, but something about the nature of historical investigation also predisposes research into the early life of a phenomenon. Why did Hitler come to power? How did he establish his government structures? Was the decision for expansion a first choice or last resort? What was the thinking behind the invasion of Russia and the Holocaust? History tends to be about exploring how things came about. As such, it has an intrinsic bias towards analysing the origins and formation of events. Less is said about periods of unravelling and decline. Consequences of behaviour tend to disappear behind their causes.
Development of an Integrated Forestry Survey Device for Tree Height and DBH

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height are important quantitative attributes in forestry surveys. They serve as essential data for calculating forest stock, growth, and carbon sequestration, and are of significant research value for forest health assessments and other research outcomes. To improve the efficiency of forest resource inventories and to reduce labor costs, a forestry survey device integrating multiple sensors has been developed. Based on the principles of laser ranging and the tunnel magnetoresistance effect, this device integrates both the DBH and tree height measurements. Compared to traditional measurement methods, it boasts a compact size, low cost, and high measurement accuracy. Experimental applications have shown that the average root mean square error (RMSE) of tree height measurements ranges from 31 to 55 cm, while the DBH measurement accuracy reaches 98%, We acknowledge that, although this accuracy meets the requirements for general forestry surveys, it still falls short of the accuracy required for high-precision forest resource surveys (<20 cm), which points to a direction for future improvement.
Clustering of Web Learners Based on Rough Set

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The demand for individualized teaching from Elearning websites is rapidly increasing due to the huge differ ences existed among Web learners. A method for clustering Web learners based on rough set is proposed. The basic idea of the method is to reduce the learning attributes prior to clustering, and therefore the clustering of Web learners is carried out in a relative low-dimensional space. Using this method, the E-learning websites can arrange corresponding teaching content for different clusters of learners so that the learners' individual requirements can be more satisfied.
11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme is expressed in normotensive and hypertensive patients with renal disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) converts glucocorticoids to their 11‐keto metabolites, permitting binding of aldosterone to the non‐selective mineralocorticoid receptor. Recent studies have suggested that 11βHSD deficiency may be implicated in essential hypertension and renal disease. Using an antibody against a peptide deduced from the cDNA sequence, the renal expression of 11βHSD2 was examined in patients with advanced stages of renal disease and associated hypertension, patients with primary hypertension resulting in renal damage, and patients with preserved or mildly damaged renal architecture without concomitant hypertension. Despite variable degrees of tubulointerstitial damage, 11βHSD2 was expressed in distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in all patient groups. Collapsed tubules retained strong immunoreactivity, but decreased staining was apparent in dilated tubules. There was weak staining of the thick ascending limb of Henle. Variable glomerular expression of 11βHSD2 was observed. Our results therefore suggest that absence of renal 11βHSD2 is not a prominent feature of hypertensive nephrosclerosis, or primary renal disease associated with hypertension.
Thermal boundary layers in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection with rough and smooth plates: A one-to-one comparison

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Roughness at a surface hotter or colder than its environment may significantly enhance the convective heat transfer coefficient. This enhancement results from modification of the near-wall flow field. Our work demonstrates how roughness elements deform the temperature field compared to a smooth surface, and, under which conditions the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced.
Nephronectin plays critical roles in Sox2 expression and proliferation in dental epithelial stem cells via EGF-like repeat domains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tooth development is initiated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via basement membrane (BM) and growth factors. In the present study, we found that nephronectin (Npnt), a component of the BM, is highly expressed in the developing tooth. Npnt localizes in the BM on the buccal side of the tooth germ and shows an expression pattern opposite that of the dental epithelial stem cell marker Sox2. To identify the roles of Npnt during tooth development, we performed knockdown and overexpression experiments using ex vivo organ and dental epithelial cell cultures. Our findings showed that loss of Npnt induced ectopic Sox2-positive cells and reduced tooth germ size. Over expression of Npnt showed increased proliferation, whereas the number of Sox2-positive cells was decreased in dental epithelial cells. Npnt contains 5 EGF-like repeat domains, as well as an RGD sequence and MAM domain. We found that the EGF-like repeats are critical for Sox2 expression and cell proliferation. Furthermore, Npnt activated the EGF receptor (EGFR) via the EGF-like repeat domains and induced the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our results indicate that Npnt plays a critical scaffold role in dental epithelial stem cell differentiation and proliferation, and regulates Sox2 expression during tooth development.
The Relationship between Teachers’ Trust in Students and Classroom Discipline Beliefs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="apa">This study was aimed to identify the relationship between teachers’ trust in students and their classroom discipline beliefs. Correlational research design was used in this study. Participants of the study were 255 teachers who worked in Kocaeli, a city from the Marmara region of Turkey. Data were gathered with trust instrument which was developed by Mayer and Davis (1999), and beliefs about discipline inventory which was developed by Glickman and Tamashiro (cited in Wolfgang &amp; Glickman, 1986). The relationship between teachers’ trust in students and their beliefs about classroom discipline were tested using correlation technique. Results indicated that there was a moderate, negative relationship between teachers’ trust in students and their scores of rules and consequences model; there was a low, positive relationship between teachers’ trust in towards students and their scores of relationship-listening model; and there was a low, positive relationship between teachers’ trust in students and their scores of confronting-contracting model.</p>
Quantitative functionally-defined relationships between structural and functional connectivity within the human brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Structural connectivity (SC) describes the white matter pathways that provide the electrochemical basis of functional connectivity (FC: temporally-coherent brain activity amongst anatomically-distinct brain regions). Initial human SC-FC relationship studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were largely exploratory and used only anatomical brain parcellations (failing to account for functional network organization), and revealed that SC reliably predicts FC, but that FC does not appear to predict SC. The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate SC-FC coupling within resting state functional networks. Diffusion tensor and myelin water MRI were applied to measure SC, with resting state functional MRI to measure FC. I tested the strength of SC-FC relationships by linear correlation and regression analyses. This thesis provides novel empirical evidence for divergent and non-overlapping SC-FC coupling within resting state networks, and importantly reveals a few specific brain regions that appear to be disproportionally involved in SC-FC coupling.
Discovering Bentham’s International

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter recovers Jeremy Bentham’s conception of ‘the international’ as it emerges from his published and unpublished manuscripts on the subject. It suggests that his fame as a utopian or idealist thinker should be reconsidered in light of the many ‘realist’ and pragmatic aspects that characterize his international thought. These become more apparent when we understand the complex nature of his utilitarian mode of reasoning: a form of ‘moral casuistry’ grounded in the principle of utility that made available a new mode of thinking about things international. The chapter is organized in three sections. The first shows that both Bentham and his arch-enemy, the Swiss diplomat and jurist Emer de Vattel, saw the legal equality between states and the mutual respect for each other’s sovereign power to form government as a precondition for any peaceful future. The second finds that Bentham’s most well-known work on international law—Principles of International Law—is, properly speaking, not his work. The third examines his late unsuccessful plan to write a ‘New Vattel’, an international legal code that could surpass and replace Vattel’s Law of Nations.
Physiological and agronomic aspects of rice varietal responses to low and high nitrogen management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties produce very high yields under high input and favorable environments. Limited work has been done to develop plant types suitable for less than optimal environments at moderate N management levels. The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the relationship between the uptake of N and different leaf characteristics, sink size, and grain yield of three morphologically distinct rice varieties; 2) to examine the CO2 exchange rates (CER) of rice varieties in relation to light, N management, water use efficiencies (WUE), and N use efficiency (NUE): and 3) to determine characteristics of rice varieties that are associated with productive potentials under low N management levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 1989 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA and a field experiment was conducted in Sri Lanka at two locations in 1990. In the greenhouse experiment three varieties (a traditional, an intermediate, and a modem variety) were grown under four N management (rate and time) treatments: viz 1) a 0 N control, 2) 200 mg N kg⁻¹ of soil split into two applications, 3) 200 mg N kg⁻¹ of soil split into three applications, and 4) 400 mg N kg⁻¹> of soil split into three applications. Competitive use of fertilizer N for the development of either large leaf area or high leaf N content per unit leaf area (LNLA) varied with the rate and timing of N fertilizer application and rice variety. When N supply was limited and early N applications were restricted, the intermediate variety increased LNLA in the flag leaf with little increase in total leaf area of the plant. Specific leaf weight did not differ with N management except for the low value of the N control treatment. Increased N applications reduced stomatal density. Total stomatal number leaf⁻¹ varied little within cultivars indicating that N fertilization enables the leaf to increase leaf area and thereby disperses the fixed number of stomates. Carbon dioxide exchange rates were higher in the flag leaf than lower leaves and were directly correlated to LNLA.
In-house or external?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The increasingly complex issue of patent filing demands specialist knowledge and skills to identify appropriate strategies. Patent attorneys therefore have a critical role to play and can significantly influence a patent in terms of its breadth, international scope, and speed. Firms need to decide whether to use in-house capabilities or employ external patent lawyers who might have different motivations to their own. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Strain specific genome scale metabolic models for 1011 Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This is generated strain-specific genome scale metabolic models for 1011 S.cerevisiae. This is linked with the paper: Lu, H. et al. A consensus S. cerevisiae metabolic model Yeast8 and its ecosystem for comprehensively probing cellular metabolism. Nature Communications 10, 3586 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11581-3
168 Effect of a Trigonella Foenum Graecum-Based Food Supplement on Sexual Function in Women with Low Sexual Desire. Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the efficacy of Libicare® - a Trigonella foenum graecum-based food supplement - to improve sexual function in peri and posmenopausal women. An exploratory, prospective, non-controlled, observational study. Women aged 45 -65 years with low sexual desire (FSFI < 25.83) were included during routine clinical visits and treated with 2 tablets of Libicare® daily for 2 months. Libicare® is an oral food supplement containing Trigonella foenum graecum, Turnera Diffusa, Tribulus Terrestris and Ginkgo Biloba dry extracts. Primary endpoint: change vs baseline in FSFI score. Secondary endpoints: 1) changes in testosterone and SHBG levels and 2) tolerability. A total of 29 patients (mean age: 53.9 years) were included. FSFI mean (SD) score showed a significant increase: 20.15 (4.48) vs 25,03 (6.94), baseline vs final; p=0.0002, t-test. Most of patients (89.7%) increased FSFI score. Testosterone and SHBG levels were assessed in 21 patients. A significant increase in testosterone level was observed: 0,41 (0.26) vs 0,50 (0.34) pg/ml, baseline vs final; p=0.038, Wilcoxon test. 52.4% of patients increased their testosterone levels. Finally, a significant decrease was observed in SHBG level: 85 (32.9) vs 73 (26.8) nmol/l, baseline vs final; p=0.0001; paired t-test. 95.2% of patients decrease their SHBG levels.
Study of Seedling Type for Transplanting Culture in Rice Paddy Field at the Newly Reclaimed Land

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구는 신간척지에서 벼 기계이앙재배시 염 피해가 적으면서 안정적인 쌀수량 확보를 위하여 모 종류를 어린모, 치묘, 중묘, 폿트묘로 새로 조성된 간척지인 새만금 계화포장에 이앙하여 수행한 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2년 평균 토양염농도는 이앙전 0.16%에서 환수후 이앙 직후에는 0.04%로 낮아졌다. 2. 모 종류별 출수기는 폿트묘 이앙이 8월 14일인데 비해중묘이앙은 2일, 치묘이앙은 3일, 어린모이앙은 5일 늦게 출수되었다. 3. 도복관련형질에서 중묘이앙이 도복지수가 가장 높아 포장도복 역시 중묘이앙이 반도복 정도 되었다. 4. 수량구성요소를 보면 이앙모 종류별 등숙비율과 현미천립중은 비슷하였고, 주당수수는 치묘>어린모>폿트묘>중묘이앙 순으로 많았으며, 쌀수량은 어린모=치묘>폿트묘>중묘이앙 순으로 많았다. 5. 이앙모 종류별 쌀 품질에서 완전립비율은 치묘>중묘=어린모>폿트묘 순으로 높았고, 아밀로스함량과 단백질 함량은 이앙모 종류간 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 새로 조성된 간척지에서 벼를 기계이앙재배할 때 안정적인 쌀 수량 확보를 위한 적정 이앙모는 어린모와 치묘가 적합하다고 판단된다. This research was carried out to choose the suitable seedling type to transplanting in order to stabilize rice yield. The brief of this research to transplant the seedling divided into 10-day seedling, 20-day seedling, 30-day seedling, 33-day pot seedling in the field of Saemangeum Gyehwa, newly reclaimed land were following; Average salt content in 2 years was reduced from 0.16% to 0.04% after transplanting. Heading date of seedling type was Aug. 14 at 33-day pot seedling compared to 2 days at 30-day seedling, 3 days at 20-day seedling, 5 days late at 10-day seedling. Lodging index was highest at 30-day seedling, and also, field lodging was 50%. Ripening ratio and 1,000 grain weight were similar and panicle number was higher 20-day seedling > 10-day seedling > 33-day pot seedling > 30-day seedling. Rice yield was higher 10-day seedling = 20-day seedling > 33-day pot seedling > 30-day seedling. Head rice ratio was higher in 20-day seedling > 30-day seedling = 10-day seedling > 33-day pot seedling. Amylose content and protein content was not significantly different between seedling types. With this results, the suitable seedling types in newly reclaimed land are 10-day and 20-day seedling.
A multinational online survey on the current perioperative practice for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus: a descriptive study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is widely prevalent and significantly impacts the perioperative outcome. We aimed to assess the perioperative practice for managing diabetes mellitus patients and variation across different establishments. Methodology: A questionnaire-based online survey was conducted for the present cross-sectional, multinational study; data collection followed a snowball method and was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. Responses were presented in absolute number and percentage scale, and response rates among the subgroups were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Responses from 556 out of 637 from six South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries were analyzed. A considerable amount of practice variation was noted; variation increased as the invasiveness of surgery increased. Perioperative insulin administration strategy and case postponement based on blood sugar level differed between the teaching and non-teaching sectors and private and public sectors. However, a majority (64.8%) of the respondents did not favor postponing a case based on the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Confusion and diverse opinions were present even for emergency cases, including postponement based on blood sugar. Conclusion: There is a wide variation in the perioperative practice for managing diabetes mellitus patients. The variation increases with the increasing invasiveness of surgery. Although there were similar practices between private versus public sectors and teaching versus non-teaching institutions, significant differences were noticed about case postponement, indicating that an authoritative guideline is the need of the hour. Key words: HbA1c level; Sugar, Cut-off; Sugar level; Anesthesia; Perioperative practice; Hyperglycemia Trial Registration: The study was an online survey and as per the clinical trial registry of India, it was not required to be registered. Citation: Karim HMR, Sharma A, Khan TH, Abayadeera AU, Alam MR. A multinational online survey on the current perioperative practice for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus: a descriptive study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(1):382-390. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i3.1914 Received: April 27, 2021; Reviewed: October 11, 2021; Accepted: December 16, 2021
Influenza and Ischaemic Heart Disease-a Possible Trigger for Acute Myocardial Infarction?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prompted by a clinical observation of an increase in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction during an influenza outbreak, a study was designed to examine the number of deaths from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) at the time of influenza. Deaths from IHD were found to be increased at all ages, and particularly in younger age groups when deaths attributed specifically to acute myocardial infarction are considered. The question of whether influenza could act as a precipitating factor in acute myocardial infarction is discussed, together with a possible mechanism.