jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A novel voting system for the identification of eukaryotic genome promoters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motivation: Accurate identification and delineation of promoters/TSSs (transcription start sites) is important for improving genome annotation and devising experiments to study and understand transcriptional regulation. Many promoter identifiers are developed for promoter identification. However, each promoter identifier has its own focuses and limitations, and we introduce an integration scheme to combine some identifiers together to gain a better prediction performance. Result: In this contribution, 8 promoter identifiers (Proscan, TSSG, TSSW, FirstEF, eponine, ProSOM, EP3, FPROM) are chosen for the investigation of integration. A feature selection method, called mRMR (Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance), is novelly transferred to promoter identifier selection by choosing a group of robust and complementing promoter identifiers. For comparison, four integration methods (SMV, WMV, SMV_IS, WMV_IS), from simple to complex, are developed to process a training dataset with 1400 se- quences and a testing dataset with 378 sequences. As a result, 5 identifiers (FPROM, FirstEF, TSSG, epo- nine, TSSW) are chosen by mRMR, and the integration of them achieves 70.08% and 67.83% correct prediction rates for a training dataset and a testing dataset respectively, which is better than any single identifier in which the best single one only achieves 59.32% and 61.78% for the training dataset and testing dataset respectively.
Clinical analysis and experimental study of vitiligo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM To probe into the clinical features and the cause of vitiligo. METHODS Clinical data of 2008 patients with vitiligo were reviewed; anti pigment cell IgG antibodies in the sera of 283 patients with vitiligo was detected by ELISA; anti pigment cell IgG antibodies and IgM antibodies in the sera of 45 patients with vitiligo were detected by Immunohistological methods; cytotoxic experiment mediated by complement was studied with the sera of 25 patients with active vitiligo. RESULTS ① Of the total 2008 vitiligo patients, the male to female ratio was 1.06. The average age of the patients at visit was 23.2 years old. The average of the onset age was 20 years old. There were 6 patients who fell ill when they were born. Head and neck were the most involved locations. Unilateral type was of the most. 82.2% patients were in advancing stage when they came to see the doctor. 303 patients (15.0%) were accompanied with other diseases. 110 (5.5%) of them were accompanied with halo nevi.156 (7.8%) patients have family history. 337 (16.4%) patients confirmed provocated factors. ② Of the sera of 25 patients with active vitiligo, IgG antibody was detected in 19 (76%) patients and IgM was detected in 21 (84%) patients, which was significantly higher than that in patients with inactive disease (35%, 10%) or controls (10%, 0) ( P 0.01). ③ Of the sera of 25 patients with active vitiligo, cytotoxity mediated by the complement was observed in the sera of 9 (36%) patients. No cytotoxity was observed in the sera of the normal controls and in the fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Congenital vitiligo has been noticed in a few patients. Further more, we highlight the important role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
[Risk factors for surgical site infection in radical cystectomy: efficacy of buried suture by absorbable thread for skin closure].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We assessed the incidence, risk factors and causative organism for surgical site infection (SSI). We reviewed the clinical charts of the consecutive 100 patients who underwent radical cystectomy from December 2003 to April 2008. All patients received intravenous prophylactic antimicrobial agent, 1 gram of cefotium hydrochloride before surgery followed by the same agent twice a day through postoperative day 3. Skin closures were carried out by interrupted sutures employing a 3-0 nylon for the first 50 patients (interrupted group), and by buried suture employing 3-0 or 4-0 braided polyglactin for the last 50 patients (buried group). SSI occurred in 13 cases (26%) with interrupted group including 8 patients with ureterocutaneoustomy and 5 patients with orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction. On the other hand, SSI was found in 1 patient (2%) in the buried group for whom ileal neobladder reconstruction was carried out (P= 0.021). Superficial inflectional SSI was found in 6 patients (5 patients in the interrupted group, patient in the buried group) and deep incisional SSI occurred in 5 patients in the interrupted group only. The most frequently isolated organism was Enterococcus faecalis. Univariate analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) and the skin closure methods were significant risk factors for SSI (P<0.001, P=0.021, respectively). These 2 risk factors for SSI were also significant in multivariate analysis (P=0.003, P=0.037, respectively). These results suggested that BMI and the skin closure methods are independent risk factors in radical cystectomy. Furthermore, it may be possible to reduce the incidence of SSI by performing the buried suture for the skin closure.
Liver Surgery: A Long Journey to Improve Results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

25th World Congress of the International Association of Surgeons, Gastroenterologists and Oncologists, Fuzhou, China, 4-6 September 2015 Fuzhou, China hosted the 25th World Congress of the International Association of Surgeons, Gastroenterologists and Oncologists (IASGO). This was the first Congress after the passing away of Nicolas J Lygidakis, the founder of the International Association, who was a surgeon and an energetic secretary general of the association for 25 years. All members of the association are grateful for his message of medicine beyond the frontiers and health for all. The president of the association remains Professor Masatoshi Makuuchi, Emeritus Professor Of Surgery at The University of Tokyo (Japan), with Professor Dan Dunda from Harvard Medical School (MA, USA) and Professor Kyoichi Takaori from Kyoto University (Japan), as the secretaries general of the association. The President of the 2015 IASGO World Congress was Professor Yupei Zhao, Professor of Surgery at the University of Beijing and President of the Chinese Society of Surgery. The Congress was held under the auspices of IASGO president Masatoshi Makuuchi from Japan and both secretaries general. Fuzhou is a pleasant city that is well organized, but not as busy compared with other Chinese cities. All of the city's people were very kind and welcoming to the attendees at the meeting. The congress focuses on the major advancements in diagnosis and treatment of the gastroenterological diseases, here we report the most important progress in the field of hepatic surgery.
Midwest interstate pipeline planned

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Starting from the 1980s, the US paper and paperboard industry has recorded an increasing degree of consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. This strategy, combined with voluntary downtime, is adopted by producers as a method to tackle excess capacity and to reduce costs in order to improve profitability. In this study, we investigate the impact of industry consolidation on price in the linerboard industry. We estimate a dynamic demand/supply system model that explicitly incorporates market structure. We find a low own-price elasticity of linerboard demand and an insignificant substitute effect of plastic containers. Additionally, linerboard price does not seem to respond to current demand and adjusts slowly across time. Moreover, industry-operating rate shows a positive, statistically significant, but small impact on price. Although those findings suggest an oligopoly market and some degree of barometric price leadership, market concentration shows no statistically significant effect on price.
Is Microcredit Enhancing Women Empowerment? A Case Study of Women in Jumla

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women have been regarded as a disadvantaged group in Nepal (Aoki & Pradhan, 2013), because of the limited opportunities in these areas, women residing in rural parts of Nepal such as, Kudari VDC in Jumla, are particularly vulnerable. The women in Jumla normally are involved in daily household jobs like cooking, cleaning, washing, feeding the cattle etc. The Maoist insurgency (about a 10 years of war in the country), lack of food supply and globalization have forced men to migrate to safe places and seek opportunities to earn money. This significant change however has given the burden of both household jobs and income generating jobs to the women. The majority of women are illiterate, but with the initiative of the Government and the cooperation with numerous INGOs and NGOs these women are given the oppportunity to enter the formal economy through microcredit programs. Some authors claim that these programs are showing very positive results. However, other authors claim that the reality of microcredit is that it is less efficient than it promises. That is why this research empirically explores how these kind of programs are affecting women’s life particularly in Jumla district, Nepal. (Less)
Virus-like Particle Display of the α-Gal Epitope for the Diagnostic Assessment of Chagas Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The α-Gal antigen [Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)GlcNAcα] is an immunodominant epitope displayed by infective trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. A virus-like particle displaying a high density of α-Gal was found to be a superior reagent for the ELISA-based serological diagnosis of Chagas disease and the assessment of treatment effectiveness. A panel of sera from patients chronically infected with T. cruzi, both untreated and benznidazole-treated, was compared with sera from patients with leishmaniasis and from healthy donors. The nanoparticle-α-Gal construct allowed for perfect discrimination between Chagas patients and the others, avoiding false negative and false positive results obtained with current state-of-the-art reagents. As previously reported with purified α-Gal-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucins, the current study also showed concentrations of anti-α-Gal IgG to decrease substantially in patients receiving treatment with benznidazole, suggesting that the semiquantitative assessment of serum levels of this highly abundant type of antibody can report on disease status in individual patients.
Analysis of the bonding strength according to surface treatments of dental Co-Cr alloy for porcelain fused to metal

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Observation of Oxide Film Formation and Bonding Strength according to surface treatment of Co-Cr Alloy for porcelain fused to Metal. Methods: metal specimens $0.5mm{\times}25mm{\times}4mm$ in size were made using Co-Cr alloys for porcelain fused to metal crown (Heraenium P, Tae jung Medis). Dental porcelain $0.5mm{\times}25mm{\times}4mm$ in size was sintered on the metal specimens after changing the etching time, sandblasting condition, and heat treatment temperature. Subsequently, the bonding strength was compared by the three-point flexural strength test using a universal testing machine (UTM) to observe the fracture surface and oxidized layers. Results: With regard to the experimental group treated with acid-etching, Specimen 1 treated for 25 minutes (B-3) showed the highest bonding strength, and Specimen 2 treated only with sandblasting showed the most excellent bonding force at 3.5 bar (C-3). With regard to the experimental group treated with sandblasting at 3.5 bar after acid-etching for 25 minutes, Specimen 3 with heat treatment at $980^{\circ}C$ (D-3) showed the highest bonding strength. Conclusion: The specimen which went through both sandblasting and etching, showed an excellent ceramicmetal bond strength.
Monks and their spaces - HENDRIK DEY and ELIZABETH FENTRESS (edd.), WESTERN MONASTICISM ANTE LITTERAM. THE SPACES OF MONASTIC OBSERVANCE IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (Disciplina Monastica 7; Brepols, Turnhout 2011). Pp. 387, ills. 89. ISBN 978-2-503-54091-7. EUR. 95.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Monks and their spaces - HENDRIK DEY and ELIZABETH FENTRESS (edd.), WESTERN MONASTICISM ANTE LITTERAM. THE SPACES OF MONASTIC OBSERVANCE IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (Disciplina Monastica 7; Brepols, Turnhout 2011). Pp. 387, ills. 89. ISBN 978-2-503-54091-7. EUR. 95. - Volume 25
Molecular sex identification of Malaysian White‐Nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus Thunberg, 1812)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The difficulty in differentiating the sex of monomorphic bird species has made molecular sexing an important tool in addressing this problem. This method uses noninvasively collected materials such as feathers and may be advantageous for sexing endangered as well as commercialized bird species. In this study, seven primer sets for sexing birds were screened in Aerodramus fuciphagus using a total of 13 feather samples that were randomly selected from the state of Perak, Malaysia. From the screening analysis, only one primer set (P8/WZ/W) successfully differentiated the sex of A. fuciphagus . PCR amplification produced a single 255‐bp DNA fragment for males which was derived from CHD‐Z (CHD gene region in the sex chromosome Z), while for the females it produced two fragments (144 and 255 bp). The 144‐bp fragment was from CHD‐W (CHD gene region in the sex chromosome W). Results from sequencing showed no variations in the base sequences of the CHD‐W and CHD‐Z amplified fragments within the same sexes, except for one male sample (A23) where at position 166, a base substitution occurred (G → A). Phylogenetic analysis of CHD‐W showed that four (Apodiformes; Gruiformes; Passeriformes; and Pelecaniformes) out of the five orders investigated had formed four clear clusters within their orders, including the studied order: Apodiformes. Whereas in CHD‐Z , four (Accipitriformes; Columbiformes; Galliformes; and Passeriformes) out of five orders investigated formed four clear clusters within their orders, excluding the studied order. In addition, A. fuciphagus and Apus apus (both Apodiformes) showed less divergence in CHD‐W than CHD‐Z (0% c.f . 9%). The result suggests that in A. fuciphagus , CHD gene evolution occurred at a higher rate in males ( CHD‐Z ) compared to females ( CHD‐W ). This finding may be useful for further studies on sex ratio and breeding management of A. fuciphagus .
Visual function assessed by visually evoked potentials in adults with orbital and other primary intracranial tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess visual function by visually evoked potentials in adults with orbital and other primary brain tumors affecting the optic pathway. Methods: In this retrospective case–control series, patients with orbital (intraconal and extraconal) or midline/chiasmatic tumors were included. Visually evoked potentials using pattern-reversal visually evoked potential and flash visually evoked potential stimuli were performed according to the international standards. Outcome measures were visually evoked potential parameters of amplitude (µV) and peak times (ms) measured both for the P100 component (pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials) and the N2P2 complex (flash visually evoked potential). Individual results were also compared with gender-based normative values. Results: A group of 21 adult patients (17 females) and age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated. Tumor location was intraconal (6 meningiomas, 3 hemangiomas, 1 glioma), extraconal (6 meningiomas), and midline (3 pituitary adenomas, 2 hypothalamic/chiasmatic low-grade gliomas). Abnormal fundus (76%), abnormal pupillary reflexes (71%), reduced visual acuity (62%), strabismus (48%), and proptosis (38%) were present. Visually evoked potential abnormalities were found in at least one eye of all cases. Affected eyes had significantly reduced amplitudes and prolonged peak times for pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials ( p < .001) and significantly reduced amplitudes for flash visually evoked potential ( p < .001). In unilateral orbital tumors, abnormally prolonged pattern-reversal visually evoked potential peak times were also detected in some contralateral eyes ( n = 6/16). Conclusion: Visually evoked potential abnormalities were found in all adult patients with orbital and other intracranial primary tumors, even in eyes with normal exam and good visual acuity. Visually evoked potential can be used as a non-invasive ancillary test to characterize and monitor visual function in subjects with these neoplastic lesions.
A Legal Concept in Motion: The ‘Spreader of Corruption’ (sa‘ī bi’l-fesad) from Qarakhanid to Ottoman Jurisprudence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article traces the genealogies of the legal concept ‘spreader of corruption’. Although some scholars working on Ottoman law consider this concept to be part of the Ottoman ḳānūn tradition, the history of its adaptation by Ottoman jurists actually dates back to the Qarakhanid period (eleventh century CE). It acquired its legal meaning as a result of jurisprudential debates among Ḥanafī jurists in the context of political turmoil and violent factionalism among madhhab s. Later, Seljuq and Golden Horde legal-textual traditions served as conduit for Ottoman jurists to adapt the concept in order to apply it to a variety of criminal acts. This article explores how the ‘spreader of corruption’ concept was reinterpreted over the centuries and how it contributed to the enforcement of law in the Ottoman context.
Flat Panel Angiography Images in the Post-Operative Follow-Up of Surgically Clipped Intracranial Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral aneurysms must be monitored for varying periods after surgical and/or endovascular treatment and the duration of follow-up will depend on the type of therapy and the immediate post-operative outcome. Surgical clipping for intracranial aneurysms is a valid treatment but the metal clips generate artefacts so that follow-up monitoring still relies on catheter angiography. This study reports our preliminary experience with volumetric angiography using a Philips Allura Xper FD biplane system in the post-operative monitoring of aneurysm residues or major vascular changes following the surgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms. Volumetric angiography yields not only volume-rendered (VR) images, but a volume CT can also be reconstructed at high spatial and contrast resolution from a single acquisition, significantly enhancing the technique's diagnostic power. Between August 2012 and April 2013, we studied 19 patients with a total of 26 aneurysms treated by surgical clipping alone or in combination with endovascular treatment. All patients underwent standard post-operative angiographic follow-up including a rotational volumetric acquisition. Follow-up monitoring disclosed eight aneurysm residues whose assessment was optimal after surgical clipping both in patients with one metal clip and in those with two or more clips. In addition, small residues (1.3 mm) could be monitored together with any change in the calibre or course of vessels located adjacent to the clips. In conclusion, flat panel volume CT is much more reliable than the old 3D acquisitions that yielded only VR images. This is particularly true in patients with small aneurysm residues or lesions with multiple metal clips.
Numerical Investigation on the Dynamic Response and Fatigue Analysis of the Tension Insulator String Under Stochastic Wind

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The tension insulator string is an important component for transferring the load of the conductor to the transmission tower. The damage of tension insulator strings may dramatically affect the operation safety of the grid power. In this paper, the dynamic response and fatigue life of the tension insulator strings under stochastic wind were systematically studied. Firstly, finite element models of conductors and the tension insulator string upon the actual transmission lines were established. The effects of height difference ratios on the dynamic tension of conductors and the dynamic response of tension insulator strings under a 10 m/s stochastic wind were investigated, respectively. Secondly, a simplified calculation method of stress time history is proposed to simplify the fatigue life analysis for tension insulator strings. Finally, based on the Rayleigh distribution, wind farms with the annual mean wind speed of 7 m/s were established to evaluate the fatigue life of tension insulator strings. The stress results revealed the at-risk parts in tension insulator strings and their failure modes. The fatigue life results showed 17.1 and 33.4 years for the GD (Guan Dian)-fittings and the upper U-shackles, respectively. This study can provide a useful guideline for optimization and safety evaluation of fittings.
DE-ABUSE@TamilNLP-ACL 2022: Transliteration as Data Augmentation for Abuse Detection in Tamil

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rise of social media and internet, thereis a necessity to provide an inclusive space andprevent the abusive topics against any gender,race or community. This paper describes thesystem submitted to the ACL-2022 shared taskon fine-grained abuse detection in Tamil. In ourapproach we transliterated code-mixed datasetas an augmentation technique to increase thesize of the data. Using this method we wereable to rank 3rd on the task with a 0.290 macroaverage F1 score and a 0.590 weighted F1score
Mandatory Domestic Violence Education for WA State Judges Legislation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This proposal is a request for legislation that all Washington State judges receive mandatory domestic violence education. There is a need for Washington State judges to receive domestic violence education to prevent biases and misconceptions from influencing their court decisions. The goal of this legislation is to increase safety for victims and increase judges’ ability to make informed judicial decisions in cases of domestic violence. Education has been identified through research and interviews to be the most significant intervention to reduce domestic violence. Judges who are educated about domestic violence make judicial decisions that are more supportive of victims. To determine success of this project two objectives have been identified to determine success, legislative support with at least one Legislator sponsoring the bill and partnering with the Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence (WSCADV) to advocate and lobby for this bill. Washington State can support victims by passing legislation to guarantee justice to those who rely on the criminal justice system for their protection and survival.
The candor pamphlets, and the authorship of Junius

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The candor pamphlets, and the authorship of Junius Get access William James Smith William James Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-V, Issue 118, 3 April 1858, Pages 278–280, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-V.118.278 Published: 03 April 1858