jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implications of Smoothing on Statistical Multiplexing of H.264/AVC and SVC Video Streams

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While the hierarchical B frames based scalable video coding (SVC) extension of the H.264/AVC standard achieves significantly improved compression over the initial H.264/AVC codec, the SVC video traffic is significantly more variable than H.264/AVC traffic. The higher traffic variability of the SVC encoder can lead to smaller numbers of streams supported with bufferless statistical multiplexing than with the H.264/AVC encoder (and even less streams than with the MPEG-4 Part 2 encoder) for prescribed link capacities and loss constraints. In this paper we examine the implications of video traffic smoothing on the numbers of statistically multiplexed H.264 SVC, H.264/AVC, and MPEG-4 Part 2 streams, the bandwidth requirements for streaming, and the introduced delay. We identify the levels of smoothing that ensure that more H.264 SVC streams than H.264/AVC streams can be supported. For a basic low-complexity smoothing technique that is readily applicable to both live and prerecorded streams, we identify the levels of smoothing that give (bufferless) statistical multiplexing performance close to an optimal off-line smoothing technique. We thus characterize the trade-offs between increased smoothing delay and increased statistical multiplexing performance for both H.264/AVC, which employs classical B frames, and H.264 SVC, which employs hierarchical B frames. We similarly identify the buffer sizes for the buffered multiplexing of unsmoothed H.264 SVC, H.264/AVC, and MPEG-4 Part 2 streams that give close to optimal performance.
Energy efficiency and environmental regulations for mitigating carbon emissions in Chinese Provinces

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Taking into account the contributions of economic performance (GDP), urbanization (URB), industrial structure (IND), and renewable energy consumption (REC), this paper examines the impact of green technology innovation (GTE), energy efficiency (EF), and environmental regulation (ER) on CO2 emissions in Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2020. Using the GMM method for the initial estimation, the MMQR as 2nd generation test for robustness and innovative panel causality presented by the JKS test, we have found: 1) a one percent boom in GDP is linked with a 0.08% upward push in CO 2 emissions throughout 30 provinces in China. 2) the renewable energy and energy efficiency data seems to effectively decrease CO 2 emissions, with a more pronounced impact observed at the upper quantile. 3) The environmental policy is limited across all quantiles. The study examines novel implications regarding sustainable development and carbon neutrality objectives.
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN KONTEN PADANAN ISTILAH (PI) PADA INSTAGRAM @BADANBAHASAKEMENDIKBUD TERHADAP PENYERAPAN ISTILAH FOLLOWERS-NYA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is quantitative descriptive research which aims to describe the impact of using term-equivalent content on followers' absorption of terms. The method used is a survey method with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The accumulated results state that the indicator for using content is equivalent to terms on Instagram with a percentage result of 65.62%. In the indicator of absorption of the term followers with a percentage result of 75.69%. The impact of the use of term-equivalent content on Instagram @badanbahankemendikbud on followers' absorption of terms can be seen from the various comments given by followers regarding term-equivalent content, followers' understanding of equivalent terms from foreign languages is broader, apart from that, followers' insight and vocabulary are also increase. They can understand the vocabulary that they initially misunderstood after looking at the equivalent content of the term.
Mudcake Cleanup To Enhance Productivity of High-Angle Wells

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The productivity of wells with non-perforated completions can be impaired by both mud filtrate invasion and incomplete mud filter cake removal. Well inflow modelling illustrates that the percentage of the interval flowing and the distribution of the flowing intervals, are more important than the filtrate induced permeability reduction around the wellbore. Therefore adequate filter cake removal is essential for optimum well performance. This paper addresses both physical and chemical methods of mud filter cake removal.
Effect of orlistat versus lipo-6 black on the testis of adult obese albino rats: histological and histomorphometric study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Obesity is a health problem with increasing incidence. Excess fat is the most common factor that contributes to its pathogenesis. Aim To evaluate the effect of obesity on the testis of male rats and compare the possible ameliorative effect of orlistat versus lipo-6. Materials and methods Fifty-six adult male rats were used. The control group ‘eight rats’ received a standard diet (SD) with no treatment for 90 days. The experimental group ‘48 rats’ received high-fat diet (HFD) for 60 days for obesity induction. Obese rats were subdivided into three groups (each group a and b). IIa received SD and IIb received HFD. IIIa received SD+orlistat and IIIb received HFD+orlistat. IVa received SD+lipo-6. IVb received HFD+lipo 6. The drugs were used for 30 days. Testicular specimens were subjected to histological, histomorphometrical, and immunohistochemical examinations. Data on obesity index, testis weight, abdominal circumference sperm percentage, and histomorphometry were analyzed statistically. Results Subgroups IIIa and IVa showed restoration of the structural integrity of the seminiferous tubules with the normal distribution of collagen fibers. Sections of subgroup IIIa showed negative caspase-3 immunostaining near the control group. Lee obesity index and percentage of abnormal sperm were close to control. Conclusion Orlistat and lipo-6 with diet adjustment reduced the severity of testicular damage induced by obesity.
Regulation of apoptosis-related molecules in gene expression profile in old rats by Epimedium Flavonoids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To uncover the molecules and signal transduction underlying apoptosis in lymphocytes in old rats.Methods:The rats were grouped into three of old rats control,young rats control,EF-treated group,and studied the gene expression in genome-wide scale with genechip.Results:Compared to young rats control,pro-apoptotic genes were up-regulated and anti-apoptotic genes were down-regulated in old rats.And pro-proliferation genes were down-regulated,the anti-proliferation genes were regulated reversely.Furthermore,a number of genes involved in signal transduction in immune activation and immune response showed lower expression level.But in EF-treated group,pro-apoptotic genes such as Caspase1、Caspase2、Caspase3、Caspase6、CalpainⅡ、Cathepsin S、Dnase γ、PKCdelta,and anti-proliferation genes including Rb were predominantly down-regulated.Anti-apoptotic genes such as Cathepsin B、Mtal、NF-kappa B、Notch,and pro-proliferation genes including c-Fos、c-Myc、c-Jun、PCNA、A-raf;CyclinG-associated kinase were regulated reversely.Especially many genes mediating apoptosis signal including CD2、CD3、CD5、TCR、IL-2、IL-2R(CD25)、CD28、CTLA4 were up-regulated.Conclusion:By a novel mean including up-regulation of anti-apoptotic and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene expression,up-regulation of pro-proliration and down-regulation of anti-proliferation gene expression,the normal lymphocyte function in old rats was reconstructed.Additionally EF can coordinate TCR/CD3、CD28、CTLA4、TGFβ、IL-2R-mediated signal to reach its anti-apoptotic effects on lyphocytes in old rats. [
Extended Prey-Predator Algorithm with a Group Hunting Scenario

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Prey-predator algorithm (PPA) is a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the interaction between a predator and its prey. In the algorithm, the worst performing solution, called the predator, works as an agent for exploration whereas the better performing solution, called the best prey, works as an agent for exploitation. In this paper, PPA is extended to a new version called nm -PPA by modifying the number of predators and also best preys. In nm -PPA, there will be n best preys and m predators. Increasing the value of n increases the exploitation and increasing the value of m increases the exploration property of the algorithm. Hence, it is possible to adjust the degree of exploration and exploitation as needed by adjusting the values of n and m . A guideline on setting parameter values will also be discussed along with a new way of measuring performance of an algorithm for multimodal problems. A simulation is also done to test the algorithm using well known eight benchmark problems of different properties and different dimensions ranging from two to twelve showing that nm -PPA is found to be effective in achieving multiple solutions in multimodal problems and also has better ability to overcome being trapped in local optimal solutions.
Meet the family − the catalog of known hot subdwarf stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In preparation for the upcoming all-sky data releases of the Gaia mission, we compiled a catalog of known hot subdwarf stars and candidates drawn from the literature and yet unpublished databases. The catalog contains 5613 unique sources and provides multi-band photometry from the ultraviolet to the far infrared, ground based proper motions, classifications based on spectroscopy and colors, published atmospheric parameters, radial velocities and light curve variability information. Using several different techniques, we removed outliers and misclassified objects. By matching this catalog with astrometric and photometric data from the Gaia mission, we will develop selection criteria to construct a homogeneous, magnitude-limited all-sky catalog of hot subdwarf stars based on Gaia data. As first application of the catalog data, we present the quantitative spectral analysis of 280 sdB and sdOB stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Combining our derived parameters with state-of-the-art proper motions, we performed a full kinematic analysis of our sample. This allowed us to separate the first significantly large sample of 78 sdBs and sdOBs belonging to the Galactic halo. Comparing the properties of hot subdwarfs from the disk and the halo with hot subdwarf samples from the globular clusters ω Cen and NGC 2808, we found the fraction of intermediate He-sdOBs in the field halo population to be significantly smaller than in the globular clusters.
Comparison of DNA isolation methods from mammalian sperm cells and development of a new protocol

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sperm DNA tightly packed with protamines makes the DNA isolation procedure from sperm cells long and laborious. Cell lysis is also a challenging step because of the disulfide bonds-rich membranes of the sperm cells. In this study we aimed to evaluate potential rapid DNA isolation protocols to isolate DNA from mammalian sperm cells, and develop an easy, rapid, and cost-effective protocol for sperm DNA isolation which can be used in molecular biology and diagnostics. Sperm samples were collected from seven adult rats. Our developed protocol included Proteinase K and small amount of β-mercaptoethanol (βME) for cell lysis. A modified salting-out technique was then employed to collect DNA. Alternative protocols involving InstaGene matrix and cell sonication techniques were also applied to achieve DNA isolation. Concentration of the DNA yield was measured, and the degradation of DNA was checked using agarose gel electrophoresis. The intactness of the DNA yield was assessed and validated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary gel electrophoresis techniques. The lysis of the cells and high-quality DNA yield have only been achieved using our developed optimized protocol. To confirm the quality of DNA for assays, PCR product was synthesized for rat actin β (RActβ) gene and then analyzed using capillary gel electrophoresis. A strong peak at right m/z value for the amplicon was obtained. We described an improved protocol over the previous methods suggesting the use of combined commercial kits and long incubation times. Degradation-free DNA was produced in a relatively rapid protocol (90 minutes) using the equipment and supplies common to most research and clinical laboratories. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 440-3]
Resonance CARS in Narrow Gap Semiconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering due to spin transitions of free carriers in narrow gap semiconductors is discussed. The basic results of the electrodynamic theory of optical four-wave mixing and of the quantum mechanical calculation of the third-order non-linear susceptibility χ(3) are briefly reported in the context of the particular properties of narrow gap semiconductors. The enhancement of the Raman-like resonances of χ(3) for photon energies close to the fundamental gap is demonstrated and interferences of Raman and one-photon interband transitions are discussed. Applications of the method to epitaxial films of narrow gap semiconductors and to quantum well structures are presented.
The Dynamics of Transient Cerebral Blindness

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although cerebral blindness is well known and has been described in numerous communications,37,28,8detailed studies, particularly those relating to changes in the visual functions over the course of time, have been limited. Thus the condition of the fields of vision before blindness is rarely known, and the history of the onset is often incomplete. Moreover patients usually have severe mental disturbances which make it impossible to determine whether they are totally blind. When there is residual vision, perimetry and other visual studies are difficult. Finally, in most instances there is little information on the degree and mode of recovery from the "blindness." In practice, the most frequent cause of cerebral blindness is occlusive vascular disease involving both occipital lobes.37Cerebral blindness which is often incomplete may also occur in other conditions, among them being complications of ventriculography28and carotid angiography.38,13Cases have been reported following catheter
The Clinical Significance of the Inversive Phenomenon of Human Optokinetic After-Nystagmus (OKAN)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The acceleration method is used for OKN stimulation. OKN stimulus is gradually increased at an acceleration velocity of 1°/sec2. When the appearance of OKN is optimal for the test subject, the light is suddenly turned off. Usually the best range to elicit OKN in humans is 70-80°/sec.The subsequent OKAN is then recorded by electronystagmography in a completely dark room. Recordings are made for approximately 2 minutes after the light is turned off. The present study evaluated the significance of clinically diagnosing the inversive phenomenon of human OKAN. In normal OKAN, OKAN-I (OKAN in the Ipsilateral Direction) appears in the same direction as the OKN stimulation. In a few cases, OKAN-C (OKAN in the Contralateral Direction)appears in the opposite direction of the initial OKN stimulus. When such reaction is seen bilaterally, this is the inversive phenomenon of OKAN. This phenomenon is never seen in normal subjects. The inversive phenomenon in OKAN is thought to be due to bilateral suppression of OKAN-I and the appearance of OKAN-C immediately after OKN stimulation.Among 5542 cases in which the OKAN test was performed over a 7 year period, the inversive phenomenon was seen in 258 cases (4.7%). These inversive cases may be classified into 4 major groups. The first group includes cases of unilateral peripheral vestibular disturbance (49 cases), the second, those of bilateral peripheral vestibular disturbance (51 cases), the third, those of cerebrovascular disturbance in the vertebro-basilar artery distribution (103 cases), and the fourth group, others (55 cases).In clinical experiments, bilateral OKAN-I was suppressed after unilateral anesthesia of the inner ear, followed by the early appearance of bilateral OKAN-C. So in unilateral peripheral vestibular disturbance, vestibular compensation by the vestibulo-cerebellum acts intensively to augment OKAN-C. The intensive expression of such vestibular compensation is thought to represent the inversive phenomenon of the OKAN. According to these results, vestibular compensation from the vestibulo-cerebellum appears to act symmetrically on the right and left velocity storage integrators.
Comparing triggers to visual disturbances among individuals with positive vs negative experiences of hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD) following LSD use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our study indicating differences in triggers to HPPD I and II adds to existing literature on differences in visual disturbances between the two subtypes. Further research elucidating additional differences between the subtypes of HPPD is needed. (Am J Addict 2017;26:568-571).
Advances in molecular biology may change the surgical treatment of cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is often a systemic disease and cancer cells can be disseminated during surgery, so we have to keep in mind the possibility of residual tumor cells even after curative resection. Cancer surgery also induces high levels of various proinflammatory cytokines and their induction is proportional to the extent of surgery. Cytokines stimulate the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, either directly or via the induction of adhesion molecules and angiogenesis factors.Therefore, we have to avoid dissemination of cancer cells during surgery and perform less invasive surgery to avoid excessive cytokine release. When cancer is diagnosed as a systemic disease, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is needed. Recent advances in molecular biology have made it easy to determine the presence or absence of cancer cells in blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. These methods can also be used to avoid unnecessary adjuvant chemotherapy, reducing the risk of side effects.
Expression of oncogenes in human tumours with special reference to the head and neck region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A major recent advance in cancer research has been in the field of oncogenes. Oncogenes are genes with a proven cancer association and which appear to be particularly implicated in cellular regulation and proliferation. The oncogenic potential of specific cellular genes has now been recognised and this has influenced current thinking concerning the initiation of carcinogenesis. The specific role of an oncogene is still incompletely understood but research with one particular oncogene ( ras ) has demonstrated that it can be involved in more than one stage of multi‐step carcinogenesis. New techniques are being developed and evaluated to determine the expression of specific oncogenes in normal and neoplastic tissues, with a view to using them in future diagnostic immunohistopathological methods. This review describes the concept of oncogenes and discusses their role in the development of neoplasia. The results of the expression of various oncogenes in human malignancies with special reference to the head and neck regions are discussed. Finally, the future prospects of this research field are examined their and its possible implications in cancer therapy.
Drying kinetics, antioxidants, and physicochemical properties of litchi fruits by ultrasound‐assisted hot air‐drying

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To obtain better qualities of litchi fruits, fruit pulps were subjected to ultrasonic treatment (UT) followed by drying. Samples were subjected to UT at 3 W/g for 10 min with distilled or ice water and compared with non-UT dried samples. After drying, vitamin C, total phenolic content, color, texture, nutrition, microbial load, drying kinetics, and shelf life were assessed. Results suggest that shear stress plus increasing heat reduced drying time by about 50%, and retained 70% vitamin C and 60% total phenolic content. UT led to about 75% of vitamin C and 70% total phenolic content through inhibition of ultrasonic heat. No significant differences were found in redness, yellowness, and hardness. Inhibition of ultrasound heat resulted in about 27% glucose, 22% fructose, 17% sucrose, and prolonged storage time. Inhibition of increasing ultrasound heat allows low drying cost and high product quality of litchi fruit in air-drying. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: UT promotes drying efficiency and preserves product quality. However, this treatment triggers the loss of antioxidants and sugars of litchi fruits when water temperature arises in the treatment. Additional use of ice crystals can offset the thermal effect of the UT; this mechanism reduces the diffusion and loss of nutrients from the material to the solution. This strategy is simple and feasible to improve the drying rate and to retain the content of antioxidants, and further improve the flavor and storage quality of dried litchi fruits.
Embedded machine learners for classifying EEG patterns in a wearable device for brain-computer interface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tasks that seems trivial for a healthy and able-bodied individual such as text messaging or even speaking may present as a challenge for people with neuro-muscular disabilities. With the advent of brain computer interface (BCI), it raises hope in helping this group of people to perform simple tasks which were once thought overwhelmingly not possible. Invasive BCI system are based on direct implantation of device into the brain. While it produces the highest quality signals, formation of scar-tissue is high likely due to the device having direct contact with the brain tissue. Hence electroencephalograms (EEG) is considered the most popular solution as a non-invasive system. However, the process of translating EEG signals into computer commands is a sophisticated task that requires optimising various parameters that are tuned independently or simultaneously. In this project, emphasis is placed on the EEG-based BCIs that rely on steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). With the datasets of 11 subjects containing the SSVEP (known labels), the tasks involve performing signal processing on these EEG-SSVEP signals before passing it into the Logistic Regression (LR) and Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers respectively. The datasets are portioned in accordance to leave-one-subject-out cross validation (LOSO CV) strategy to train the classifiers in learning these datasets before evaluating (testing) the degree of accuracy in the classifiers learning. Comparative evaluations on the usage of various algorithms were also made in assessing the effectiveness of optimising the classification accuracy. Parameters tuning on the classifiers algorithm were also done to study the effect it has on these classification accuracy results. Keywords: Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials, Logistic Regression, Multi Layer Perceptron, Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross Validation, Comparative Evaluation, Classification Accuracy, Parameters Tuning