jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gate-Level Static Approximate Adders: A Comparative Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Approximate or inaccurate addition is found to be viable for practical applications which have an inherent error tolerance. Approximate addition is realized using an approximate adder, and many approximate adder designs have been put forward in the literature targeting an acceptable trade-off between quality of results and savings in design metrics compared to the accurate adder. Approximate adders can be classified into three categories as: (a) suitable for FPGA implementation, (b) suitable for ASIC type implementation, and (c) suitable for FPGA and ASIC type implementations. Among these, approximate adders, which are suitable for FPGA and ASIC type implementations are particularly interesting given their versatility and they are typically designed at the gate level. Depending on the way approximation is built into an approximate adder, approximate adders can be classified into two kinds as static approximate adders and dynamic approximate adders. This paper compares and analyzes static approximate adders which are suitable for both FPGA and ASIC type implementations. We consider many static approximate adders and evaluate their performance for a digital image processing application using standard figures of merit such as peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index metric. We provide the error metrics of approximate adders, and the design metrics of accurate and approximate adders corresponding to FPGA and ASIC type implementations. For the FPGA implementation, we considered a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, and for an ASIC type implementation, we considered a 32/28 nm CMOS standard digital cell library. While the inferences from this work could serve as a useful reference to determine an optimum static approximate adder for a practical application, in particular, we found approximate adders HOAANED, HERLOA and M-HERLOA to be preferable.
Postthrombotic Syndrome in Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban or Warfarin for Venous Thromboembolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent complication of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Using MarketScan claims data from January 2012 to June 2015, we identified adults with a primary diagnosis code for VTE during a hospitalization/emergency department visit, ≥6 months of insurance coverage prior to the index event and newly started on rivaroxaban or warfarin within 30 days of the index VTE. Patients with <4-month follow-up postindex event or a claim for any anticoagulant during 6-month baseline period were excluded. Differences in baseline characteristics between rivaroxaban and warfarin users were adjusted for using inverse probability of treatment weights based on propensity scores. Patients were followed for the development of PTS starting 3 months after the index VTE. Cox regression was performed and reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 10 463 rivaroxaban and 26 494 warfarin users were followed for a mean of 16 ± 9 (range, 4-39) months. Duration of anticoagulation was similar between cohorts (median = 6 months). Rivaroxaban was associated with a 23% (95% CI: 16-30) reduced hazard of PTS versus warfarin. Rivaroxaban was associated with a significant risk reduction in symptoms of PTS compared to warfarin in patients with VTE treated in routine practice.
MIGRATION OF THE INTERNAL TRIPLE BOND OF ALKYN 1-OL TO THE TERMINAL ONE WITH SODIUM HYDRIDE IN 1,2-DIAMINOPROPANE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Several terminal alkynols which are common intermediates for the synthesis of insect sex pheromones, are obtained by means of migration of the internal triple bond of the corresponding starting materials to the terminal one in the final products with sodium-1, 2-diaminopropane prepared from sodium hydride and 1, 2-diamino propane. Owing to the higher solubility of sodium-1,2-diaminopropane in 1,2-diaminopropane the use of excess amount of solvent is avoided as compared with the potassium-1, 3-diaminopropane method and the modified Brown's method. Therefore the present process should be particularly useful for large scale preparations.
Are You Secure Enough to Follow? The Influence of Follower Attachment on Transformational Leadership Perceptions and Thriving at Work

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Followers are increasingly acknowledged as influential in shaping leadership relationships and outcomes, yet the contribution of individual differences in followers’ relational characteristics to leadership processes is poorly understood. Drawing on attachment theory and the conservation of resources model, we examine the influence of followers’ attachment dimensions on their perceptions of transformational leadership (TFL) and thriving at work. In a three-wave longitudinal study of 587 employees in 112 project teams, multilevel mediation analysis showed that secure attachment was positively associated with thriving at work, while overdependent and counterdependent attachment were negatively associated. These relationships were fully mediated by followers’ perceptions of TFL. The findings suggest that follower attachment security fosters workplace thriving by enhancing perceptions of TFL. The value of incorporating follower attachment in future follower-centered leadership research and practice is discussed.
Mixed Signal/Telecommunications Curriculum Development And I2 Delivery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Main Menu Session 1526 Mixed-Signal/Telecommunications Curriculum Development and Internet2 Delivery H. Alan Mantooth, Fred Barlow, Sean Mulvenon, Simon Ang University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract This paper describes efforts within the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Arkansas to develop several new courses for widespread dissemination via Internet2. An advisory board, comprised of industry and professors at the UA and other institutions, evaluates the courses annually so that improvements can be made at each successive stage of dissemination. State of the art evaluation techniques are being developed to facilitate these assessments. Experts in their respective fields, from industry and national laboratories, will actively participate in offering the courses. The courses being offered cover the design, analysis, and testing of mixed-signal/telecommunications (MST) circuits and systems. Each course offers particular challenges to distance delivery. These challenges and their respective solutions will be described. New course design when the target is ultimately distance delivery via Internet2 is addressed as well. Lastly, the design of modular courses for rapid introduction of recent research developments is described. I. Introduction The economy of this nation recently boomed on the proverbial back of an electronics revolution. The growth of the consumer electronics market (e.g., personal computers, cellular phones, pagers, etc.) has been truly phenomenal. It has fueled tremendous innovation in hardware design, software design, and special-purpose computational algorithms. Placing accurate numbers on this high technology boom is subjective, but the order of magnitude of electronic-end equipment alone has been estimated at 5% of the U.S. gross domestic product1. Mixed-signal circuits and systems are significant to this growth. Consider that CD players, cellular phones, pagers, global positioning systems, televisions, and stereos are all comprised of mixed-signal circuits. These estimates don’t even touch upon the automobiles, airplanes, and commuter and high-speed trains that all have many mixed-signal subsystems on them. Examples from the transportation market sector include anti-lock braking systems, fuel injection systems, power steering, avionics, actuator control of wings, and traction control of trains. As circuits and systems become more complex, the design and test issues become increasingly difficult to manage without advanced computer-aided design (CAD) tools. The current motivations for the implementation of systems-on-a-chip (SoC) highlight these difficulties2. However, preceding that technological frontier is the barrier of full-chip design and Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2002, American Society for Engineering Education Main Menu
Combat Service Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The benchmark of the Marine Corps and what makes it the greatest fighting force in the world is how it task organizes. It prides itself on bringing the right amount of force to the right place at the right time. With that said, the Marine Corps fails to provide combat service support (CSS) efficiently when transitioning from a garrison environment to a deployed environment. To meet today's high deployment schedule, CSS must be reconfigured. To ensure Combat Service Support Units provide a more effective service to supported units, the Force Service Support Group (FSSG) must adopt permanent multifunctional battalions ensuring unit cohesion and speed of deployment.
Backsliding of the left: or how Viktor Orbán’s right-wing conservative illiberalism emerged as a normative ideal in Bulgarian political discourse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper explores how the leaders of parliamentary represented parties in Bulgaria discussed Fidesz's policies in the period 2010-2019. Furthermore, it attempts to explain why Orbán's brand of conservative illiberalism has emerged as a normative ideal for a number of Bulgarian political parties, including the Bulgarian socialists after 2016. The paper argues that so-called ‘democratic backsliding' in CEE, and Bulgaria more specifically, cannot be understood without acknowledging the role of decommunization for the rehabilitation and rise of far-right nationalist discourses. Within a common framework of capitalist free markets and decommunization, a series of ideological ‘slippages' from 1990s liberalism to post-2008 conservatism has taken place. It is the consistent backsliding of left-wing thought in Bulgaria that has made a critique of liberalism possible mainly from a conservative point of view, even for the socialists. Third, the paper argues that while Bulgarian politicians praise Orbán and his conservative illiberalism on the domestic scene, they pay lip service to liberal values in their international discourse, pre-empting in this way criticism from the EU. It is precisely Orbán's open normative ideological challenge that has made Hungary the ‘poster child’ of illiberalism distracting attention away from his political followers in countries such as Bulgaria.
Magnetic Properties of Li-Ni-Mn Layered Rock-Salt Oxides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Li1+x(Ni1/2Mn1/2)1-xO2 was prepared by co-precipitation and calcination technique. The compounds had a layered rock-salt structure with R3m symmetry, and the degree of non-stoichiometry x was an important factor for the structural and magnetic properties. The degree of cationic ordering was improved with an increase in x and simultaneously, the ferrimagnetic characters were reduced. That is, the magnetic interaction network is converted from three-dimensional to two-dimensional ones, and is restricted within each c-plane. Hence, the long range magnetic correlation as well as the local magnetic interaction is weakened. The spontaneous magnetization was evaluated using a ferrimagnetic cluster model. As the degree of non-stoichiometry was increased, the cluster density was reduced, and it resulted in the lowering in the spontaneous magnetization at low temperature.
The “Onward March of Party Decomposition” in the American Electorate: An Empirical Examination, 1876–1984

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Walter Dean Burnham (1965, 1970) demonstrated that non-voting and various measures of aggregate electoral instability increased between 1900 and the late 1920s, declined somewhat during the New Deal and its aftermath, and increased thereafter. To Burnham, the behavior of these measures implied a similar evolution in the partisan strength of the electorate since individuals without strong partisan ties are characterized by lower levels of turnout and more inconsistent turnout and partisan choices, both over time for the same office and across different offices in the same year. In short, he argued that the entire twentieth century, save for the New Deal, was marked by an “onward march of party decomposition.”
HTAN Multiplex IHC Image Cytometry V0.1 v1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Understanding immune complexity within the tumor microenvironment provides valuable insight to tumor-immune composition, spatial interactions, and the immune system's reaction to therapy allowing us to better understand response and resistance at the interface of the tumor and host. Multiplex IHC allows for the simultaneous detection of multiple Ab targets in the same tissue section using published methods previously described1,2.This protocol contains detailed instructions on how to prepare files and run the image processing pipeline for mIHC SVS images in a GUI or command line, making it accessible to biologist and labs without computational specialty. REFERENCES Tsujikawa, Takahiro, et al. "Quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals myeloid-inflamed tumor-immune complexity associated with poor prognosis."Cell reports19.1 (2017): 203-217 Banik, Grace, et al. "High-dimensional multiplexed immunohistochemical characterization of immune contexture in human cancers."Methods in enzymology635 (2020): 1-20.
Hesperidin, a plant flavonoid accelerated the cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: role of TGF-β/Smads and Ang-1/Tie2 signaling pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Delayed wound healing is a diverse, multifactorial, complex and inter-related complication of diabetes resulting in significant clinical morbidity. Hesperidin possesses potent antidiabetic and wound healing activity. Aim: To evaluate the potential of hesperidin against experimentally induced diabetes foot ulcers. Methods: Diabetes was induced experimentally by streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i.p.) in Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g) and wounds were created on the dorsal surface of the hind paw of rats. Hesperidin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 21 days after wound stabilization. Various biochemical, molecular and histopathological parameters were evaluated in wound tissue. Results: STZ-induced decrease in body weight and increase in blood glucose, food, and water intake was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment. It showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in percent wound closure and serum insulin level. The STZ-induced decrease in SOD and GSH level, as well as elevated MDA and NO levels, were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration of STZ caused significant down-regulation in VEGF-c, Ang-1, Tie-2, TGF-β and Smad 2/3 mRNA expression in wound tissues whereas hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment showed significant up-regulation in these mRNA expressions. STZ-induced alteration in would architecture was also attenuated by hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment. Conclusion: Together, treatment with hesperidin accelerate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis via up-regulation of VEGF-c, Ang-1/Tie-2, TGF-β and Smad-2/3 mRNA expression to enhance wound healing in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
Image_8_Cancer informatics analysis indicates high CHAC2 associated with unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer.tif

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and exhibits a poor prognosis. The induction of genetic changes deregulates several genes that increase the disposal towards this life-threatening disease. CHAC2, a member of the glutathione degrading enzyme family has been shown to suppress gastric and colorectal cancer progression, however, the expression of CHAC2 in breast cancer has not been reported. We did an analysis of CHAC2 expression in breast cancer patients from various online tools like UALCAN, GEPIA2, GENT2, TIMER2, and bcGenExminer v4.8. Further, we used the Kaplan-Meier plotter to establish the significance of CHAC2 in BC patient survival and prognosis while TISIDB and TIMER databases were used to investigate the filtration of immune cells. The results showed that CHAC2 levels were high in breast cancer patients and elevated CHAC2 was associated with low overall survival. Taken together, the results of the present study show that like its paralog CHAC1, CHAC2 may also be an important biomarker and could have a potential therapeutic implication in breast cancer.</p>
Advances in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a complex clinical syndrome that affects the female upper genital tract, including endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, and tubo-ovarian abscesses. Its etiology is predominantly associated with ascending infections, primarily by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, although in our population, the microbiota has been observed to play a significant role. PID can lead to serious complications such as adhesive syndrome, which can be a determinant of infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and ectopic pregnancy. This article reviews the global and Mexican epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches, and current preventive strategies, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to minimize long-term sequelae.
Etiological constituent of viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia of neonates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore etiological constituent of viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia of neo- nates in Chengdu district.Methods:8 type viral and mycoplasmal special serum IgM were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in infants with infectious pneumonia.Results:There were positive special serum IgM in 40 cases(36.04%)of 111 infants with pneumonias.30 infants as control were negetive serum IgM.There were 50 consisting of 8 type viral and mycoplasmal special IgM in the above 40 infants with positive serum results.Among 50,1(0.9%)was RSV,17(15.3 %)were ADV_3, 1(0.9%)ADV_7,4(3.6%) PIV,5(4.5%) CoxB,10(9.0%) ECHO,7(6.3%)CMV,5(4.5%) MP,while HSV_1 infection was not exit.In 40 infants with positive serum IgM 33(29.7%) were only de- tected one kind of IgM and 7(6.3%)were two and more kinds of IgM.Conclusion:Viruses and myco- plasma are important pathogens of neonatal pneumonia in Chengdu district.Etiological constituent of neo- natal pneumonia in the south is different from that of the north.Infants with pneumonia can be infected by several kind of pathogens simultaneously.
Automated absolute activation analysis with californium-252 sources

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A 100-mg /sup 252/Cf neutron activation analysis facility is used routinely at the Savannah River Laboratory for multielement analysis of many solid and liquid samples. An absolute analysis technique converts counting data directly to elemental concentration without the use of classical comparative standards and flux monitors. With the totally automated pneumatic sample transfer system, cyclic irradiation-decay-count regimes can be pre-selected for up to 40 samples, and samples can be analyzed with the facility unattended. An automatic data control system starts and stops a high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer and/or a delayed-neutron detector; the system also stores data and controls output modes. Gamma ray data are reduced by three main programs in the IBM 360/195 computer: the 4096-channel spectrum and pertinent experimental timing, counting, and sample data are stored on magnetic tape; the spectrum is then reduced to a list of significant photopeak energies, integrated areas, and their associated statistical errors; and the third program assigns gamma ray photopeaks to the appropriate neutron activation product(s) by comparing photopeak energies to tabulated gamma ray energies. Photopeak areas are then converted to elemental concentration by using experimental timing and sample data, calculated elemental neutron capture rates, absolute detector efficiencies, and absolute spectroscopic decay data. Calculational procedures have been developed so that fissile material can be analyzed by cyclic neutron activation and delayed-neutron counting procedures. These calculations are based on a 6 half-life group model of delayed neutron emission; calculations include corrections for delayed neutron interference from /sup 17/O. Detection sensitivities of < or = 400 ppB for natural uranium and 8 ppB (< or = 0.5 (nCi/g)) for /sup 239/Pu were demonstrated with 15-g samples at a throughput of up to 140 per day. Over 40 elements can be detected at the sub-ppM level.
Lateral Pelvic Side-Wall Nodal Involvement in Rectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in pelvic imaging, however, particularly computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the ability to visualize and categorize lymph nodes, together with reviews of the published literature, suggest that lateral nodal involvement rates may be similar in the West and the East and are a particular problem in low rectal cancer.1
Label-free direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nucleic acids(Conference Presentation)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Recently, plasmonic-based biosensing has experienced an unprecedented level of attention, with a particular focus on the nucleic acid detection, offering efficient solutions to engineer simple, fast, highly sensitive sensing platforms while overcoming important limitations of PCR and microarray techniques. In the broad field of plasmonics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has arisen as a powerful analytical tool for detection and structural characterization of biomolecules. Today applications of SERS to nucleic acid analysis largely rely on indirect strategies, which have been demonstrated very effective for pure sensing purposes but completely dismiss the exquisite structural information provided by the direct acquisition of the biomolecular vibrational fingerprint. Contrarily, direct label-free SERS of nucleic acid shows an outstanding potential in terms of chemical-specific information which, however, remained largely unexpressed mainly because of the inherent poor spectral reproducibility and/or limited sensitivity. To address these limitations, we developed a fast and affordable high-throughput screening direct SERS method for gaining detailed genomic information on nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and for the characterization and quantitative recognition of DNA interactions with exogenous agents. The simple strategy relies on the electrostatic adhesion of DNA/RNA onto positively-charged silver colloids that promotes the nanoparticle aggregation into stable clusters yielding intense and reproducible SERS spectra at picogram level (i.e. the analysis can be performed without the necessity of amplification steps thus providing realistic direct information of the nucleic acid in its native state). We anticipate this method to gain a vast impact and set of applications in different fields, including medical diagnostics, genomic screening, drug discovery, forensic science and even molecular electronics.