jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and Developments in Western Buddhism : Socially Engaged Buddhism in the UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, there has been a growing academic acknowledgment around the world of a contemporary Buddhist phenomenon described as Engaged, or Socially Engaged Buddhism (SEB). It is a contested phenomenon variously associated with finding Buddhist solutions for social, political and ecological problems. The debate about its origins, practice and legitimacy has stirred academics and practitioners alike. Firstly, does such an approach to Buddhist practice constitute a departure with the past, in which case a new expression of an ancient practice is being experienced all around us? Or is this really a continuity of practice, adapted to inform current understanding given that some would describe Buddhism as always having been engaged? Adaptation and Developments in Western Buddhism examines the UK Socially Engaged Buddhist experience captured through a series of five case studies of Buddhist groups and a survey undertaken over two years in the field. The volume is a ground-breaking and benchmark analysis of Socially Engaged Buddhism in the UK, drawing for the first time on evidence from practitioner’s experiences with which to characterise the previously dichotomous academic debate. Ultimately, the volume locates Socially Engaged Buddhism in the UK and places it within the broader and global context of an emerging “Western Buddhism”, characterising the phenomenon and its relationships to the wider Buddhist world.
[Phacoemulsification and flexible implants].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a study of astigmatism and postoperative complications in 170 eyes following phacoemulsification and implantation of a flexible silicone intraocular lens (SI-18NB) in the capsular bag. No significant difference existed between the preoperative mean astigmatism and the postoperative mean astigmatism after 7 days and after 1 month. Complications were infrequent and compared with those associated with PMMA intraocular lenses.
An Analysis of the Novel “Al-Wadul Haq” by Taha Hussain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the famous novel “Al-Wadul Haq” published on 1939 in Berut, written by renowned Arabic novelist Dr. Taha Hussain who was the most Influential Egyptian writer of 20th century and the founder of the most modernist movement in the Middle East and North Africa. In this article certain aspects of the novel is visualized, consequently, unity and narration of characters, facts, events and dialogues are delinated. All the characters of novel are real and historical. In this novel dialogues are according to standard as well as situation. Due to the survival of the historical events, reader does not suffer apprehension during studying of the novel. Elegantly the novel is culminated and having tremendous position because the novelist has completed all the aspects artistically. He narrated the brutality of Kufare Makkah on the Muslims. He also described the emigration of the Muslims to Ethopia and Madina. As well as he mentioned bettle of Badar and brotherhood between Muslims. Keywords: Al-Wadul Haq, Africa, Ethopia, Badar, Yasir
A hinting strategy for online learning of radiograph interpretation by medical students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context We examined whether a ‘hint’ manoeuvre increases the time novice medical learners spend on reviewing a radiograph, thereby potentially increasing their interpretation accuracy. Methods Senior year medical students were recruited into a randomised control, three‐arm, multicentre trial. Students reviewed an online 50‐case learning set that varied in degree of ‘hint’ intervention. The ‘hint’ was a dialogue box that appeared after a student submitted an answer, encouraging the student to re‐evaluate their interpretation. The students in the control group received no hints. In the weak intervention group, students received ‘hints’ with 66% of their incorrect interpretations and 33% of those that were correct. In the strong intervention group, the incorrect interpretation hint frequency was 80%, whereas for correct responses it was 20%. All students completed a 20‐case post‐test immediately and 2 weeks after the 50 cases. The primary outcome was student performance on the immediate post‐test, measured as the ability to discriminate between normal and abnormal films (dPrime). Secondary outcomes included the probability of considering the hint, time spent on learning cases and knowledge retention at 2 weeks. Results We enrolled 117 medical students from three sites into the three study groups: control (36), weak intervention (40) and strong intervention (41) groups. The mean ( standard deviation ) dPrime in the control, weak and strong groups were 0.4 (1.1), 0.7 (1.1) and 0.4 (0.9), respectively ( P = 0.4). In the weak and strong groups, participants reconsidered answers in 556 of 1944 (28.6%) hinting opportunities, and those who reconsidered their answers spent a mean (95% confidence interval ) of 13.9 (11.9, 16.0) seconds longer on each case. There were no significant differences in knowledge retention at 2 weeks between the groups ( P = 0.2). Conclusions Although the implemented hinting strategy did result in students spending more time considering a proportion of the cases, overall it was not effective in improving student performance.
Gender-based violence before, during and after cyclones in the coastal region of Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 2 explores how cyclones increase GBV and the vulnerability of women to GBV in Bangladesh. Drawing on a qualitative dataset collected from intensive fieldwork in 2016 and 2017, the chapter describes the impacts of GBV on women living in the remote disaster-prone coastal region of Barguna, Bangladesh. The victim-survivor-centred research reveals in-depth data on abuse, trafficking and domestic violence before cyclones hit (during the warning period), during cyclone events, and after cyclones (in the post-disaster period). The context of GBV in a conservative society is highlighted. The impacts of GBV on health, socio-economic position and vulnerability of women to future disasters are analysed, focusing on the strong relationships between GBV and gender relations, local culture and traditions.
Demography of an Age‐Structured Annual: Resampled Projection Matrices, Elasticity Analyses, and Seed Bank Effects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The role of age—structured seed banks in influencing population dynamic parameters was investigated in a natural population of the winter annual Collinsia verna. Seed persistence was quantified by creating experimental seed banks in the field with seeds of known age. Survival and fecundities of adult plant stages were determined in quadrats of naturally occurring individuals in the field population. Bootstrapping was applied to the resulting data set to estimate means and 95% confidence intervals for population growth rate, stable age distributions, reproductive values, and elasticities. Analyses were performed to determine the extent of variation in these demographic parameters between two consecutive years and between three transects within each year. The results indicate that the presence of a seed bank, even of short duration, was critical to the demography of this population. The population was expanding rapidly in the 1st year of the study (growth rate 1.80), but was declining during the 2nd year (0.41). While the seed bank was demographically important in some transects during the good year (Year 1) the demographic effects of the seed bank were seen most significantly in the poor year (Year 2). The results of this study indicate the need for including age—structured seed banks in demographic analyses and the potential importance of seeds in age—structured seed banks in the shaping of plant life histories.
Effect of prophylactic dressings to reduce pressure injuries: a polymer-based skin model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of pressure injury (PI) prophylactic dressings used for patients at high risk of PI development to reduce friction, shear force and pressure, and their combined force, in an original polymer-based skin model. Method: A low-friction outer-layer hydrocolloid (LFH) dressing and a multilayered silicone foam (MSF) dressing were used. Before application, compression and friction properties were measured. Our original experimental model—the ‘simulated skin-shearing test’—consisted of: a weight; a polyurethane-based skin model containing a three-axis tactile sensor; dressings; a table covered with bedsheets; and a mechanical tester, by which the interface friction force, internal shear force and pressure were measured continuously during skin model movements. An estimated combined force generated by internal shear and pressure was represented as a vector. A model with no dressing was used as a control. Results: The LFH dressing had significantly higher compression strength versus the MSF dressing. In contrast, the dynamic coefficient of friction was lower for the LFH dressing versus the MSF dressing (p<0.05). In simulated skin-shearing test results, shear forces were 0.45N and 0.42N for LFH and MSF dressings, respectively, with no significant difference. The estimated combined force was lower for the MSF dressing compared with that of the LFH dressing and control. Conclusion: The shear force-reducing effect in the skin model was equivalent between the LFH and MSF dressings. However, the MSF dressing significantly reduced the force generated by a combination of internal shear force and pressure compared with the LFH dressing.
CD38–Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signal System in Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pathophysiology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous and fundamental signaling component that is utilized by cells to regulate a diverse range of cellular functions, such as insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase family proteins, such as the mammalian cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38), is important for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization for cell functioning. cADPR induces Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum via the ryanodine receptor intracellular Ca2+ channel complex, in which the FK506-binding protein 12.6 works as a cADPR-binding regulatory protein. Recently, involvements of the CD38-cADPR signal system in several human diseases and animal models have been reported. This review describes the biochemical and molecular biological basis of the CD38-cADPR signal system and the diseases caused by its abnormalities.
Relationships Between Perceived Usefulness and Fitness Wearable Technology User Adoption Mediated by Culture, Gender, and COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With COVID-19 raging and individuals exercising at home, the adoption of fitness wearable technology (FWT) that help people monitor their physical state has become a pressing matter. Here, we try to bridge the gap that no researcher has examined the link between perceived usefulness (PU) and FWT adoption by using meta-analysis to comprehend the detailed numerical values and moderating factors affecting the relationship. A total of 24 articles with 7180 re-pendants were investigated from January 1, 2015 to March 1, 2022 A.D, producing significant results as follows: (1) There is publication bias in relevant research, and sensitivity analysis suggests that PU influences FWT adoption positively; (2) Subgroup test and regression analysis suggested that cultural background, gender, and COVID-19 can deepen this relationship to varying degrees. More precisely, female (r=0.669) have a greater impact on FWT adoption than men (r=0.658). In addition, users in other countries (r=0.670) are more concerned about PU than Chinese users (r=0.658). Regression analysis showed that after the COVID-19 outbreak, the coefficient (r=0.762) of PU on FWT adoption increased significantly, indicating that people need FWT-assisted exercise to understand and maintain their own physical fitness. The research opens up new ideas for different governments and scholars to promote mass fitness and public health during the COVID-19, providing a reference for the scientific research and development of PU and marketing promotion of the related enterprises’ FWT.
Adsorption Mechanism of Mixed Cationic/Anionic Collectors in Quartz–Hematite Flotation System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The adsorption mechanism of mixed cationic C12 amine and anionic sulfate / oleate reagent schemes was examined through Hallimond flotation studies using pure quartz and hematite minerals. The flotation response of both quartz and hematite with cationic and anionic collectors in isolation and with mixed cationic / anionic collector systems was evaluated as well. The flotation response as a function of pH and collector concentration was analyzed, wherein quartz was not responsive to floatation in single mineral flotation tests in the presence of anionic collectors but C12 amine flotation of quartz was observed to be pH and concentration dependent. Maximum hematite floatation recovery was observed at acidic pH with sulfate, neutral pH with oleate, and at basic pH about 9.5 with C12 amine. Accelerated adsorption of cationic collector in the presence of anionic collector apart from its own co-adsorption was observed in flotation results with quartz and hematite. Assimilation of oleate in between the C12 amine molecules retards the electrostatic head–head repulsion, thereby intensifying the adsorption of C12 amine due to attractive tail–tail hydrophobic bonds, besides forming a compact adsorbed layer with elevated hydrophobicity. Incremental oleate concentration beyond C12 amine concentration leads to the formation of soluble amine–oleate complex/precipitate and the adsorption of these species decrements the flotation since the alkyl chains are in chaotical orientation with conceivable number of head groups propelling toward the solution phase.
A Comparative Study of Body Composition and Sleep Habits Between Male and Female Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Elevated body composition is associated with many health hazards and it is also strongly associated with sleep habits of individuals. Aim: To compare body composition and sleep habits between male and female students. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 subjects (N=500) were chosen using a convenience sampling technique, Male students (N=250) and female students (N=250). Body composition was measured using Bioelectric Impedance Analyser, Sleep habits were measure with Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Independent sample t-test was used to compare body composition and sleep habit for male and female students. Results: The result showed that there is a significant difference between male and female students for the Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat, total body water, except PSQI and ESS. Whereas, no significant difference existed between male and female students to PSQI and ESS for sleep habits. Conclusion: Sleep habits also need further commitment towards the factors that may obstruct with good quality of sleep. Authors may develop evidence-based strategies according to the individual need for prevention of obesity and abnormal sleep habits.
Expression and Yes-Associated Protein in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Inhibitory Effects of its Knockdown on Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been implicated as an oncogene in multiple human cancers. In the present study, human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues of different grades (N=78) were collected and the mRNA and protein expression of YAP and phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP) in gastric adenocarcinomas were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Then, human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were stably transfected with lentivirus-mediated YAP small hairpin RNA (shRNA). The expression levels of YAP, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were detected and the effects of shRNA-mediated knockdown of YAP on cell proliferation and metastasis were assessed in gastric cancer cells. As a result, the expression of YAP was observed in 69.23% gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, elevating with the ascending order of tumor malignancy. Knockdown of YAP could down-regulated the expression of PCNA and MMP-2, and inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, YAP is strongly expressed in gastric adenocarcinomas, and knockdown of YAP may inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through down-regulation of PCNA and MMP-2 expression, suggesting that YAP represents an important therapeutic target in human gastric cancer.
A comparative study of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on lipid lowering efficacy in hyperlipidemic patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to compare the lipid lowering effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients (n=52) with hyperlipidemia. Patients were assigned to atorvastatin 10 mg or rosuvastatin 5 mg daily for 8 weeks. The blood was collected at baseline and after intervention to measure serum lipid profile. The level of serum total cholesterol in both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups was significantly reduced after intervention (p<0.00001 and p<0.00001 respectively) but no statistically significant difference (p=0.503) was observed between the two statin-treated groups. The reduction of serum triglyceride level was also significant (p=0.046 in atorvastatin group and p=0.0006 in rosuvastatin group). No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p=0.312). The serum LDL-C level was reduced significantly in both atorvastatin group (p<0.00001) and rosuvastatin group (p<0.00001). Again no statistically significant difference (p= 0.749) was observed between the two groups. No significant change was observed in the serum HDL level. Intergroup difference was not significant (p= 0.721). The present study indicates that, both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improve the lipid profile but no significant change was observed between the two groups.
Long-term outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in Indian patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/aim Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the treatment of choice in Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) based on current data. Our objective was to evaluate outcomes and assess prognostic factors in BCS patients undergoing TIPS. Patients and methods In this retrospective analysis of a propectively maintained database, all consecutive BCS patients undergoing TIPS from September 2010 to February 2017 were included. Complete response after TIPS was defined as resolution of symptoms (ascites/pedal edema) with no requirement of diuretics at the end of 4 weeks. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess predictors of outcome and complications. Results Eighty patients with BCS who underwent TIPS were included; 40 (50%) were male. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 24.2±8.7 years. The median (range) follow-up was 660 (2–2400) days. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates for TIPS stent patency were 89, 81, and 81%, respectively. Cumulative encephalopathy-free rates were 91, 86, and 86%, respectively, and survival rates were 93, 89, and 84%, respectively. Eight (10.0%) patients died during follow-up, five within the first year (three of these five had incomplete response). On univariate analysis, serum bilirubin, response to intervention, serum creatinine, Child class, model for end-stage liver disease, and All India Institute of Medical Sciences-hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction score were significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors. On multivariate analysis, response to therapy after TIPS (hazard ratio: 8.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–43.82) was independently associated with mortality. The 1-year survival was 97% in patients with complete response, compared with 59% in those with incomplete response ( P <0.004). Conclusion Incomplete symptom response after TIPS is associated with poor outcome and can be used for selection of patients for liver transplantation.
SH2589003.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Pandhawa Gubah sebagai Representasi Interaksi Metafisik Manusia Jawa dan Perbandingannya dengan Cheritera Pandawa Lima

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This research is a comparative literary study that uses Malay and Javanese versions of Mahabarata text sources. The research objects used were the text edition of Pandhawa Gubah (PG) by Sudibjo Z. Hadisutjipto and the text of Cheritera Pandawa Lima (CPL) by Khalid Hussain. The research method used is descriptive-analysis method. In the comparative study used a comparative literary theory proposed by Endraswara (2011). The results of the text comparison reveal the similarities and differences in the image of Bima figures in the Javanese and Malay versions. The equation as a whole is that both texts contain the same heroic storyline and heroic character, Bima. In addition, Indian influence is still evident in the two texts seen from the nuances of Hinduism that exist in both texts. While the difference is seen in the events that accompany Bima's struggle in achieving his victory. Based on these similarities and differences, it can be seen that the authors attempt to represent the concept of metaphysical interactions vertically and horizontally expressed through PG text. --- Abstrak: Penelitian ini adalah satu kajian sastra bandingan yang menggunakan sumber teks Mahabarata versi Melayu dan Jawa. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah edisi teks Pandhawa Gubah (PG) karya Sudibjo Z. Hadisutjipto dan teks Cheritera Pandawa Lima (CPL) karya Khalid Hussain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-analisis. Dalam telaah perbandingan digunakan teori sastra bandingan yang dikemukakan Endraswara (2011). Hasil perbandingan teks mengungkapkan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan citra tokoh Bima dalam versi Jawa maupun versi Melayu. Persamaan secara keseluruhan adalah kedua teks tersebut mengandung alur cerita kepahlawanan dan tokoh pahlawan yang sama yaitu Bima. Selain itu, pengaruh India masih tampak dalam kedua teks tersebut dilihat dari nuansa Hinduisme yang ada dalam kedua teks. Sementara perbedaannya tampak pada peristiwa-peristiwa yang menyertai perjuangan Bima dalam mencapai kemenangannya. Berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut tampak adanya upaya penulis untuk merepresentasikan konsep interaksi metafisik secara vertikal dan horizontal yang diungkapkan melalui teks PG.