jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the neutrino parameters by future cosmological 21cm line and precise CMB polarization observations (PhD thesis, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI))

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Observations of the 21 cm line radiation coming from the epoch of reionization have a great capacity to study the cosmological growth of the Universe. Also, CMB polarization produced by gravitational lensing has a large amount of information about the growth of matter fluctuations at late time. In this thesis, we investigate their sensitivities to the impact of neutrino property on the growth of density fluctuations, such as the total neutrino mass, the neutrino mass hierarchy, the effective number of neutrino species (extra radiation), and the lepton asymmetry of our Universe. We will show that by combining the precise CMB polarization observations with Square Kilometer Array (SKA) we can measure the impact of non-zero neutrino mass on the growth of density fluctuation, and determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at 2 sigma level if the total neutrino mass is smaller than 0.1 eV. Additionally, we will show that by using these combinations we can constrain the lepton asymmetry better than big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Besides we discuss constraints on that in the presence of some extra radiation, and show that the 21 cm line observations can substantially improve the constraints obtained by CMB alone, and allow us to distinguish the effects of the lepton asymmetry from those of extra radiation.
Phosphorylation of the oncogenic transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) in vitro and in vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

IRF2 is a transcription factor, possessing oncogenic potential, responsible for both the repression of growth-inhibiting genes (interferon) and the activation of cell cycle-regulated genes (histone H4). Surprisingly little is known about the post-translational modification of this factor. In this study, we analyze the phosphorylation of IRF2 both in vivo and in vitro. Immunoprecipitation of HA-tagged IRF2 expressed in 32P-phosphate labelled COS-7 cells demonstrates that IRF2 is phosphorylated in vivo. Amino acid sequence analysis reveals that several potential phosphorylation sites exist for a variety of serine/threonine protein kinases, including those of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family. Using a battery of these protein kinases we show that recombinant IRF2 is a substrate for protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and casein kinase II (CK2) in vitro. However, other serine/threonine protein kinases, including the MAP kinases JNK1, p38, and ERK2, do not phosphorylate IRF2. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of the sites phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CKII in vitro demonstrates that these enzymes are capable of phosphorylating IRF2 at multiple distinct sites. Phosphoaminoacid analysis of HA-tagged IRF2 immunoprecipitated from an asynchronous population of proliferating, metabolically phosphate-labelled cells indicates that this protein is phosphorylated exclusively upon serine residues in vivo. These results suggest that the oncogenic protein IRF2 may be regulated via multiple pathways during cellular growth.
Macmillan carers: a practical approach to home care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article describes a service development in palliative care which aims to offer practical support and caring skills to patients and their families at home. The concept of home care in the UK distinguishes between health-care and social-care needs and workers are allocated from different departments to provide that care. Such a distinction is not always clear and there is much debate about how needs are split. The continued allocation of funding from separate health and social services resources exacerbates the issue. The Macmillan Carer Scheme, which offers both health and social care to patients and their families, is an important and significant step in the move towards needs-based service development.
INVESTING IN SYSTEMS DIGITAL FINANCE IN PERSPECTIVES ON ISLAMIC LAW STUDIES CASE: SYSTEM ONLINE LOANS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the number of cases of illegal businesses imitating licensed entity websites as if the website officially belonged to the licensed entity. Therefore, one way to protect potential investors from illegal businesses is to find out whether the company is registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) or not. Therefore, this article examines sharia investment options to avoid illegal business. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach to study literature. Additionally, all the data collected will likely be essential to what is being researched. Thus, the research report will contain quotations and data processing to provide an overview of the report's presentation. The results of this research are several Sharia investment instruments that have been registered with the OJK to avoid fraudulent investments, including Sharia stock investments, Sharia mutual fund investments, Sharia deposits, retail sukuk, and gold.
Realizations and parameter estimation for line processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Markov line process that has been used in some image segmentation and restoration studies is investigated. Realizations from this model are presented for a wide range of parameter values, and the effects of certain parameters are studied. The maximum pseudolikelihood (MPL) estimation procedure is implemented for the Markov line process. The MPL procedure is applied to several images generated from the model as well as to a hand-drawn image and the edge-detector output of a natural image. It is expected that improved segmentation and restoration results can be obtained, if the Markov line process model is fine-tuned to the class of images under consideration, by estimating the parameters of some typical images in that class.< >
Inhibition of Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Reduces Ischemic Brain Damage in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion is associated with activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrin deposition in cerebral microvessels. Both thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) attenuate fibrinolysis and are therefore attractive targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Methods— TAFI and PAI-1 were inhibited by monoclonal antibodies in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Twenty-four hours after stroke, mice were neurologically scored, cerebral thrombotic burden was assessed, and brain infarct sizes were calculated. Results— Inhibition of TAFI or PAI-1 significantly decreased cerebral infarct sizes by 50% 24 hours after stroke. This reduction in cerebral damage was associated with a significant decrease in fibrin(ogen) deposition in the ischemic brain. Concurrently, functional recovery of the animals was improved. Interestingly, combined targeting of TAFI and PAI-1 using low, and by themselves inactive, doses of antibodies improved cerebral blood flow and reduced cerebral fibrin(ogen) deposition and infarct sizes by 50%. When dual treatment was delayed to 1 hour after the start of reperfusion, it still reduced brain injury; however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions— Targeting of PAI-1 and TAFI is protective in an ischemic stroke model by attenuating fibrin(ogen) deposition, thereby improving reperfusion. Combined inhibition has a co-operative effect that could become useful in ischemic stroke therapy.
High Hyperpolarizabilities of Donor-π-Acceptor-Functionalized Calix[4]arene Derivatives by Pre-organization of Chromophores

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A systematic investigation of the conceptofpre-organization of nonlinear optical (NLO) active chromophoric groups in calix[4]arene derivatives and the influence on the absolute second-order nonlinear optical coefficients is reported. Several calix[4]arenes were synthesized by modification of the electron-withdrawing groups at the upper rim of the aromatic and extension of the conjugated π system of the pre-organized chromophoric groups. Electrical field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) experiments showed high μβ(0) values up to 1165·10−48 esu. Compared with the corresponding reference compounds, enhancements of the μβ(0) values varying up to 2.5 times per chromophore were observed which proves the benefit of pre-organization of NLO-active units in a multi-chromophoric system. Another important advantage is that the increase in NLO activity observed for these systems is not accompanied with a shift of the absorption band to longer wavelengths exceeding 20 nm. This makes these calix[4]arene derivatives promising building blocks for the development of stable, NLO-active materials that are suitable for frequency doubling.
Changes of surface characteristics after toothbrush abrasion on light-cured shade-characterizing agents for CAD-CAM composite-resin block

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Light-cured shade-characterizing agents are used for composite materials to mimic natural tooth color. Tooth-brushing abrasion tests were conducted to investigate the durability of the agents. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) composite-resin blocks were used, and the surface was polished with #2000 SiC paper before the agent application. Four different shade agents were applied to the blocks, treated the surface no/with sandblasting. Tooth-brush abrasion tests were carried out for 20,000 cycles at a frequency of 2 Hz with 2.0 N of brushing force. Surface roughness, gloss, contact angle, and color differences were obtained. The number of repetitions was set to ten. It was found that a significant increase in surface roughness and decreases in gloss and water contact angle by tooth brushing tests were clarified. However, the color change by brushing was not significantly large. The color difference before and after applying agents and surface roughness differed in the shade differences in the agents.
RELEVANSI KONSEP ASHABIYAH IBNU KHALDUN TERHADAP ISU EKONOMI DAN POLITIK DI YORDANIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study evaluates and analyzes the concept of ashabiyah with its relationship in economic and political issues that occur in Jordan. The topic is important because humans can be a trigger for the emergence of civilization and progress in the world. The development of the economy with the people or power of ashabiyah will have an impact on the synergy of ashabiyah in other fields. The characteristics of government in central Timur are different from the general form of government in Europe, where many of the countries in the Middle East have gained legitimacy from the large role of tribal groups. Besides the importance of ibn Khaldun's concept, there is a relevance between modern and tribal politics in the Middle East that can influence the country's political economy. This research applied descriptive research techniques and qualitative research methodologies analysis obtained from journals and books using the Publish or Perish application related to the research theme. Researchers found that the country of Jordan is not as strong as other Arab countries but can maintain economic and political stability amid the vulnerability to the influence of conflicts around jordan
Soybean Aphid Numbers on the Rise

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since 2000, soybean aphid has been the primary soybean insect pest in Iowa. Infestations are sporadic and unpredictable, but this insect has the ability to cause significant yield loss during periods of optimal reproduction. Several notable infestations have been reported, particularly in north-central Iowa, this week, and therefore scouting to determine population densities is strongly encouraged. Fields that have a fairly uniform infestation with low densities (e.g., 50% of plants infested with an average of 40 aphids per plant) should be closely monitored in August.
Empowering young people to manage drug-related risk

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract There is much known about risk factors for drug-related harm, which include environmental, psychosocial, and genetic factors. Yet public health and prevention strategies have traditionally been universal and generic in nature. This chapter reviews risk factors for drug-related harm in the population and the intervention strategies that most target these risk factors in young people. An effort will be made to also review evidence, when available, on targeted intervention strategies, which have received far less attention in systematic reviews on preventing drug-related harm. Finally, resilience factors unique to this developmental period which could be harnessed in new interventions to promote risk management among young people as a form of prevention are reviewed.
Predicting Query Performance for User-based Search Tasks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Query performance prediction aims to determine in advance whether a user’s search request will return a useful answer set. The success of such prediction attempts are currently evaluated by calculating the correlation between the predicted performance and standard information retrieval metrics of system performance such as average precision. However, recent work suggests that there is little relationship between average precision and the performance of users when carrying out search tasks. Direct measures of user performance offer another way of evaluating the effectiveness of search systems; this is of particular importance in the framework of query prediction, since one of the goals of prediction is to warn users when search results are likely to be poor. We therefore investigate the relationship between current prediction techniques and user-based performance measures. Our preliminary results show that the performance of the predictors differs strongly when using system-based compared to user-based performance measures: predictors that are significantly correlated with one measurement are often not correlated with the other. In general, the predictors are more correlated with average precision rather than with user performance.
Cognitive rehabilitation for improving cognitive functions and reducing the severity of depressive symptoms in adult patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Nearly 40% of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have been found to experience cognitive impairment in at least one domain. Cognitive impairment associated with MDD is disproportionately represented in patients that have not fully returned to psychosocial functioning. As awareness regarding cognitive dysfunction in MDD patients grows, so does the interest in developing newer treatments that specifically address these deficits. Method In the present study, we conduct a systematic review of controlled randomized clinical trials that used cognitive training and remediation interventions for improving cognitive functions and reducing symptom severity in adult patients with MDD. We selected studies published before March 2022 using search databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google scholar. For conducting the meta-analysis, standard differences in means with the random effect model and with a 95% confidence interval of change in outcome measures from baseline to post-intervention between the cognitive rehabilitation and the control groups were calculated. Results The database search resulted in identifying 756 studies of interest, which ultimately 15 studies with 410 participants in the cognitive rehabilitation group and 339 participants in the control group were included. The meta-analysis of the data extracted from these studies, shows a moderate and significant effect on the executive function (0.59 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.93) p-value = 0.001, I 2 = 15.2%), verbal learning (0.45 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.78) p-value = 0.007, I 2 = 0.00%), and working memory (0.41 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.64) p-value < 0.001, I 2 = 33%) of MDD patients. Although, there were no significant difference between intervention and control group in attention (0.32 (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.66) p-value = 0.058, I 2 = 0.00%) or depressive symptoms. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that cognitive rehabilitation is an effective intervention for the executive function, verbal learning, and working memory of MDD patients. Due to the importance of these neuropsychological deficits in day-to-day life and the core symptoms of MDD, cognitive rehabilitation should be considered an important part of treating MDD. Further research in this area and concentrated on these particular deficits is warranted.
Constitutively activated Notch signaling is involved in survival and apoptosis resistance of B-CLL cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Notch signaling is involved in tumorigenesis, but its role in B–chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) pathogenesis is not completely defined. This study examined the expression and activation of Notch receptors in B-CLL cells and the role of Notch signaling in sustaining the survival of these cells. Our results show that B-CLL cells but not normal B cells constitutively express Notch1 and Notch2 proteins as well as their ligands Jagged1 and Jagged2. Notch signaling is constitutively activated in B-CLL cells, and its activation is further increased in B-CLL cells, which resist spontaneous apoptosis after 24-hour ex vivo culture. Notch stimulation by a soluble Jagged1 ligand increases B-CLL cell survival and is accompanied by increased nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB) activity and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression. In contrast, Notch-signaling inhibition by the γ-secretase inhibitor I (GSI; z-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHO) and the specific Notch2 down-regulation by small-interfering RNA accelerate spontaneous B-CLL cell apoptosis. Apoptotic activity of GSI is accompanied by reduction of NF-κB activity and c-IAP2 and XIAP expression. Overall, our findings show that Notch signaling plays a critical role in B-CLL cell survival and apoptosis resistance and suggest that it could be a novel potential therapeutic target.
Applications and Competitive Advantages of Data Mining and Business Intelligence in SMEs Performance: A Systematic Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges that can be effectively addressed through the adoption of data mining and business intelligence (BI) tools. This systematic literature review scrutinizes the deployment and efficacy of BI and data mining technologies across SME sectors, assessing their impact on operational efficiency, strategic decision-making, and market competitiveness. Therefore, drawing from a methodologically rigorous analysis of 93 scholarly articles published between 2014 and 2024, the review elucidates the evolving landscape of BI tools and techniques that have shaped SME practices. It reveals that advanced analytics such as predictive modeling and machine learning are increasingly being adopted, though significant gaps remain, particularly shaped by economic factors. The utilization of BI and data mining enhances decision-making processes and enables SMEs to adapt effectively to market dynamics. Despite these advancements, SMEs encounter barriers such as technological complexity, high implementation costs, and substantial skills gaps, impeding effective utilization. Our review, grounded in the analysis of business intelligence tools used indicates that dashboards (31.18%) and clustering techniques (10.75%) are predominantly utilized, highlighting their strategic importance in operational settings. However, a considerable number of studies (66.67%) do not specify the BI tools or data mining techniques employed, pointing to a need for more detailed methodological transparency in future research. The predominant focus on the ICT and manufacturing sectors underscores the industrial context sector specific applicability of these technologies, with ICT accounting for 45.16% and manufacturing 22.58% of the studies. We advocate for targeted educational programs, development of user-friendly and cost-effective BI solutions, and strategic partnerships to facilitate knowledge transfer and technological empowerment in SMEs. Empirical research validating the impacts of BI and data mining on SME performance is crucial, providing a directional pathway for future academic inquiries and policy formulation.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of phenyl phenylmercury sulphide with picryl halides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rates of the reaction of phenyl phenylmercury sulphide with picryl halides to give phenyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl sulphide have been measured in various aprotic solvents (benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, nitromethane, dioxan, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone). The rate increases on passing from picryl chloride to bromide and to iodide. The reaction rate is only slightly affected by solvent change. Very large negative activation entropy values were found and there is a satisfactory linear relationship between ΔH‡ and ΔS‡. A four-centre, concerted mechanism is suggested for the reaction.
The development of GPS real-time instrumentation control for structural health monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As Malaysia is witnessing rapid growth in the construction of large engineering structures to meet the requirement for the nation’s economic growth, societal activities and the aspirations of its population, these artificial structures are, however, subject to deformation caused by heavy loading, geotechnical movement and severe weather conditions. To ensure the sustainability of these structures so as to prevent devastating consequences due to structural displacement, periodic monitoring and in-depth analysis of structural behaviour based on a large set of variables contributing to the deformation are highly demanded. GPS is one of the latest all-weather satellite-based sensors that can be used to detect first stage disaster and further mitigation. Through the ingenious approach of RTK-GPS, 3D coordinates can be observed in real-time with precision up 2 cm ± 2 ppm. The RTK-GPS however has certain limitation in displaying the observed data for prompt and on-site analysis. This paper aims to overview the development of GPS real-time instrumentation control for structural health monitoring. Further discussion includes a simulation test conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai campus, to study the performance of this integrated system for continuous and automated structural health monitoring.
Study of Platinum Dissolution Mechanism Using a Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Platinum (Pt) dissolution during oxidation/reduction cycle in various potential cycle ranges and in various pHs of the oxygen-saturated and deaerated H2SO4 and HClO4 electrolyte solutions was monitored by the highly sensitive electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) system. It was found that the Pt mass reduction depended on the potential cycle range and pH of the electrolyte solution with dissolved oxygen. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the dissolution of Pt requires one proton per one Pt and that it also requires dissolved oxygen, and then we can conclude that the dissolution reaction of Pt is as followings; PtO + H+ + 1/2O2 + H2O → Pt(OH)3+ and/or PtOH + H+ + 3/4O2 + 1/2H2O → Pt(OH)3+.