jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climate-Aware and IoT-Enabled Selection of the Most Suitable Stone Fruit Tree Variety

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The application of new technologies such as the Internet of Things offers the opportunity to improve current agricultural development, facilitate daily tasks, and turn farms into efficient and sustainable production systems. The use of these new technologies enables the digital transformation process demanded by the sector and provides agricultural collectives with more optimized analysis and prediction tools. Due to climate change, one of the farm industry’s problems is the advance or decay in the cycle of stone fruit trees. The objective is to recommend whether a specific area meets the minimum climatic requirements for planting certain stone fruit trees based on climatic data and bioclimatic indicators. The methodology used implements a large amount of meteorological data to generate information on specific climatic conditions and interactions on crops. In this work, a pilot study has been carried out in the Region of Murcia using an IoT platform. We simulate scenarios for the development of stone fruit varieties better adapted to the environment. Based on the standard, open interfaces, and protocols, the platform integrates heterogeneous information sources and interoperability with other third-party solutions to exchange and exploit such information.
The Samagra anti‐poverty programme in Madhya Pradesh: Integrating household data, overcoming silo‐problems and leaving nobody behind

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Motivation To “leave nobody behind” a state must maintain a comprehensive database of individuals and households within its jurisdiction. Such a database can also assist in overcoming silo‐based fragmentation in government anti‐poverty programmes and services. We explore the process of establishing such a database through a case study of the Samagra programme in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Research questions How was Samagra conceived and implemented, given the political, administrative and technical challenges confronting large data and programme consolidation in the public sector? What are the benefits and potential risks to rationalizing social protection programmes of this kind? Approach The article is an extended case study based on the main author’s experience and reflection as a leading participant in Samagra . It also draws on official evaluations of Samagra . Findings Samagra demonstrates that it is feasible to rationalize siloed social protection programmes. It also demonstrates the scope for shifting welfare provision from being demand‐led to entitlement‐based. The successful establishment of Samagra arose from a shared narrative of improvement at state, national and global levels, strong political and administrative leadership at the state level, and the potential for relatively quick and substantial budgetary pay‐offs. The efficiency gains achieved must be balanced against risks arising from the state’s centralization of data. Policy implications The Samagra model is already being emulated in other states across India, and there is also scope for other countries to learn from it, particularly those with fragmented social protection systems. While holding out the promise of leaving fewer citizens behind in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) the approach also accentuates the need to strengthen the governance and public accountability of consolidated data, particularly when linked to public entitlements.
Surgical treatment of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided suction curettage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the efficacy of ultrasound‐guided suction curettage for management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine segment Cesarean section scar. Methods This was a retrospective study including women diagnosed with Cesarean section scar pregnancy at two large tertiary referral early pregnancy units between 1997 and 2014. Surgical evacuation was offered to selected women presenting in the first trimester ≤ 14 weeks' gestation. All procedures were performed transcervically under ultrasound guidance using suction curettage. A modified Shirodkar cervical suture was used in women who required additional measures to secure hemostasis. Results A total of 232 women with Cesarean section scar pregnancy were seen at the referral units; 191/232 (82.3%) women were treated surgically. The median intraoperative blood loss was 100 mL (range, 10–3000 mL ); 9/191 (4.7% (95% CI , 1.7–7.7%)) women required blood transfusion and, in one (0.5% (95% CI , 0–1.5%)), life‐saving hysterectomy had to be performed because of uncontrollable intraoperative bleeding. Of the women who attended for follow‐up, 7/116 (6.0% (95% CI , 1.7–10.3%)) required a repeat surgical procedure because of retained products of conception. Multivariable analysis showed that the gestational sac diameter (odds ratio ( OR ), 1.10 (95% CI , 1.03–1.17)) and pregnancy vascularity on Doppler examination ( OR , 3.41 (95% CI , 1.39–8.33)) were significant predictors of heavy intraoperative blood loss (> 1000 mL ). Conclusions Ultrasound‐guided suction curettage is an effective method for the treatment of pregnancies implanted into a lower uterine segment Cesarean section scar and is associated with a low risk of blood transfusion and hysterectomy. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Preparation and transplantation of photoreceptor sheets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose. Photoreceptor (PR) transplantation may be a treatment for blindness secondary to PR degeneration. We studied different technical aspects of PR-sheet preparation.Methods. Geographic variation in the thickness of the cat PR layer (from the outer segments to the outer plexiform layer) and inner retina (width of the remainder of the retina) was studied. PR sheets (cat and human) were prepared through gelatin embedding and subsequent vibratoming or excimer laser ablation. Cat PR sheets were evaluated after transplantation.Results. The thickness of the cat PR layer and inner retina varied in different regions. The superior central retina, including the area centralis, was thickest (PR layer: 115–123 μm, entire retina: 225–230 μm, in fixed tissue). The peripheral retina was ∼40% thinner than the center. Fresh retina was ∼7.9% thicker than the fixed retina. Both vibratomy and excimer laser ablation removed the inner retina, leaving a PR-layer sheet with good morphology. To produce good quality PR sheets with vibratomy, use of different gelatin concentrations (2% to 35%) at various stages of sheet preparation was crucial. To produce PR sheets of uniform thickness with excimer laser ablation, control of fluid on the retinal surface was critical. Twenty-four hours after PR transplantation surgery, donor PR cells were well oriented and in close contact with host retinal pigment epithelial cells. Gelatin supporting the transplant dissolved as early as 100 min after surgery.Conclusions. We confirmed and expanded the work of previous investigators and showed that cat and human PR sheets can be manufactured using vibratomy or excimer laser ablation. This preparation provides a well oriented and organized PR cell layer after transplantation. Curr. Eye Res. 17: 573–585, 1998.
Is vertical transmission the only pathway for Rickettsia felis ?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The genus Rickettsia encompasses several species grouped into two main clusters, Typhus and the Transitional groups. The latter group contains Rickettsia felis, an endosymbiont of several arthropods with an uncertain human pathogenicity and whose most efficient transmission mechanism described thus far is transovarial. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this pathway exists using phylogenetic analysis and partial sequences of the 17kDa and gltA genes and comparing them with host phylogeny using the cytb region. This is the first study that evaluates the vertical transmission of R. felis. In general, both phylogenies of R. felis showed no polytomies, as suspected if this pathway was the only pathway occurring. When phylogenies of the invertebrates and the gltA of R. felis were compared for strong coevolutionary insight, intricate relationships were observed, suggesting that other transmission pathways must occur, such as horizontal transmission. Further studies are needed to determine which other transmission routes occur in hematophagous arthropods.
Supplementary Table 2 from Maximizing the Efficacy of MAPK-Targeted Treatment in <i>PTEN</i><sup>LOF</sup><i>/BRAF</i><sup>MUT</sup> Melanoma through PI3K and IGF1R Inhibition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>PI3Kβi (rac-KIN-193) treatment induces the interaction of p85 with a panel of proteins in <i>PTEN<sup>LOF</sup></i>/<i>BRAF<sup>MUT</sup></i> melanoma. RVH-421 were treated with DMSO or 1μM PI3Kβi for 2h. Lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using an antibody targeting p85. Proteins in the range of 75 to 250 kDa were identified by LC-MS as described. Total spectra counts were used as a measure for protein quantity. The table summarizes the proteins enriched upon PI3Kβi treatment in the p85 precipitate. A spectral count ratio of 4 (log<sub>2</sub> (PI3Kβi /DMSO) > 2) was taken as an arbitrary cutoff for significant enrichment.</p>
The structures of genes hybridizing with tRNA4Val from Drosophila melanogaster.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Segments of cloned Drosophila DNA from four recombinant plasmids that hybridize with tRNA4Val have been sequenced. The segments from pDt92R and pDt120R that hybridize to 90C on the third polytene chromosome appear to be either repeats or alleles. They contain one structural gene each of identical sequence but differ at eight sites in 506 base pairs. The structural genes differ at four sites from the sequence expected from that of tRNA4Val. A third plasmid, pDt14, which hybridizes to 89BC on the third chromosome, also contains a structural gene with the same sequence as those in pDt92R and pDt120R. In addition, pDt14 has a gene for tRNA2Phe 214 base pairs upstream and with the same polarity as the tRNA4Val gene. The tRNA2Phe gene contains a 23-base pair segment identical with the corresponding segment in the tRNA4Val genes except for one base pair. The fourth plasmid investigated, pDt55, hybridizes to 70BC. It contains two tRNA4Val genes 525 base pairs apart with opposite polarity. These genes have identical sequences, which corresponds to that expected from the sequence of tRNA4Val. There is no evidence that the first three tRNA4Val genes are expressed at any stage during the development of Drosophila.
The Isochronism in the S.I.N. 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Achieving isochronism on the S.I.N. ring cyclotron was done in several steps including adjustment of sector width, variable gap, side shims and trimcoils. Actual beam measurements on isochronism are reported and comparisons are made with the calculated predictions. In autumn 1974 an improvement could be achieved by slightly adapting the RF frequency. With small excitations of the trimcoils we expect to get the magnetic field isochronous to ± 2° giving a good basis for future flattop operation.
PREVALENCE OF UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) represents a spectrum of cardiovascular conditions ranging from unstable angina to acute myocardial infarction, all of which require urgent medical attention. Objectives: The study's primary purpose is to find the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from June 2021 to June 2022. Data was collected from 245 patients of ACS. Upon admission, demographic data, including age, gender, and medical history, were recorded. Laboratory investigations were performed to measure fasting blood glucose levels using standard techniques. Results: Data was collected from 245 ACS patients. The mean age of the patients was 48.7 ± 6.2 years. There were 170 male and 75 female patients. The prevalence of comorbidities was notable, with hypertension being the most common (49.0%), followed by dyslipidemia (40.8%), smoking (32.7%), and family history (24.5%). Serum creatinine levels were 1.2 ± 0.3 mg/dL, slightly elevated compared to the normal range of 0.6 - 1.1 mg/dL. Blood urea nitrogen levels averaged 20.5 ± 4.2 mg/dL, within the standard 7 - 20 mg/dL range. Fasting blood glucose levels were 120 ± 25 mg/dL, slightly above the normal range of 70 - 110 mg/dL. Hypertension was also associated with an increased risk of UDM, although not statistically significant, with an odds ratio of 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9 - 3.5). Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is substantial, highlighting the importance of routine screening in this population. Early detection and management of diabetes in ACS patients are essential for optimizing cardiovascular outcomes and reducing the risk of adverse events.
Productive performance, rumen indices and meat quality of concentrate-supplemented goats in Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-five Vietnamese Bach Thao bucks were assessed at an average age of 7 months and body weight of 20.3 ¬¨¬± 0.8 kg. Goats were randomly allocated into five treatment groups of varying levels of concentrate supplementation: Control (ad libitum access to elephant grass), 0.6 %C (control plus 0.6% of concentrate), 1.2 %C (control plus 1.2% of concentrate), 1.8 %C (control plus 1.8% of concentrate), and 2.4 %C (control plus 2.4% of concentrate) as a percentage of liveweight on a dry matter basis. It was evident that increased concentrate levels had a positive effect on performance, productivity and meat quality of Vietnamese Bach Thao goats and the best response was reached at supplementation at the 1.8%C level. Specific outcomes included: 1) An increase in the level of dietary concentrate supplementation significantly increased feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, and dressing percentage (DP). The highest ADG of 150 g/d and DP of 56% were observed in treatments 1.8 %C and 2.4 %C. 2) A significant increase in lean meat and a lower proportion of bone in the carcass was observed, but there was no difference in total fat percentage as the level of concentrate supplementation increased. 3) There was no difference in chemical composition or total saturated fatty acid composition of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, but the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids in the concentrate-supplemented groups were all significantly higher than in the control group. In conclusion, the tested hypothesis was accepted, and the key research question of the best concentrate supplementation level in Bach Thao goats was answered where treatment 1.8 %C produced the best growth, dressing percentage and meat quality responses. The study also indicated that Small Ruminant Nutrition System model can predict the DMI, ADG, nutrition digestibility and faecal characteristics of Vietnamese Bach Thao goats with satisfactory results for different ratios of forage and concentrate, when chemical compositions of the feeds are known.
Pathogenesis of osteomalacia in chronic renal failure and its relationship to vitamin D.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Considerable confusion arises in defining osteomalacia in the presence of renal disease. There are no radiographic or biochemical features which satisfactorily identify all patients with osteomalacia. Histological definitions need to distinguish increased amounts of osteoid due to defective mineralisation from that due to increased bone turnover, both of which may coexist in chronic renal failure. The pathogenesis of osteomalacia in renal failure is multifactorial and not always due to defective metabolism of vitamin D. Deficient production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may occur because of nutritional privation or urinary losses in the nephrotic syndrome, but these are rare causes of osteomalacia in patients on haemodialysis treatment. It is not clear to what extent defective production of calcitriol, characteristic of end-stage chronic renal failure is causally related to osteomalacia, in part due to uncertainties as to whether vitamin D acts directly on bone to promote mineralisation or whether its effects are mediated indirectly by modulating calcium and phosphate transport at other sites. Following the institution of renal replacement therapy, the incidence of osteomalacia varies markedly between renal units due to the skeletal retention of aluminium caused by the contamination of dialysis fluid or by the chronic ingestion of aluminium-containing phosphate binding agents. This form of osteomalacia is associated with a high risk of fracture, probably more related to depressed bone formation than to the presence of osteomalacia. Rarer causes of osteomalacia include parathyroidectomy and calcium and phosphate deficiency.
Do Thigh Circumference and Mass Changes Associated With Obesity Alter Walking Biomechanics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Differences in gait biomechanics have been observed between obese and healthy weight adults. It is possible that body segment parameters, particularly the thigh, contribute to the differences in knee biomechanics observed during gait between obese and healthy weight adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if increases in thigh circumference and/or mass associated with obesity alter walking biomechanics in healthy weight males and females. Thigh mass and circumference were increased proportional to a 10 unit increase in body mass index. Frontal and sagittal plane knee angles and moments, and temporospatial variables were recorded. For all dependent variables no main effect for gender was observed. Peak knee flexion angle was similar across conditions with no interaction. There was an interaction for peak internal knee extension moment however post hoc comparisons did not reveal differences in condition among males or females. A main effect for condition was observed for peak knee adduction angle, however post hoc comparisons did not reveal differences among conditions. Peak internal knee abduction moment was similar across conditions with no interaction. Stance time and step width increased during the experimental conditions compared to the control. A interaction was observed for stance time. Females had a longer stance time during the circumference only condition compared to the control condition. A greater step width was observed in conditions that increased thigh circumference. Overall, thigh segment parameters altered gait temporospatial variables. Increases in stance time and step width in obese adults compared to healthy weight adults could be a result of their larger thigh segment parameters.
Effect of tetrandrine on resistance vessel reactivity in renovascular hypertensive rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AIM To investigate the special changes in resistance vessel reactivity to vasomotor stimuli and analyze the effect and concerned mechanism of tetrandrine on those changes in renovascular hypertensive(RH) rats. METHODS The contraction and relaxation of resistance vessels to stimuli were investigated in tail artery and mesenteric arteriole bed. RESULTS Compared with sham-operated rats, the isolated mesenteric arteriole bed and tail artery exhibited an enhanced reactivity to norepinephrine(NE) induced vasoconstriction, with an increase in maximum vasoconstriction and a decrease in vasodilation produced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. The sensitivity of tail artery to methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, was greatly reduced. The amplitude of elevated pressure in mesenteric artery bed after removal of endothelium was attenuated. The changes mentioned above were greatly improved in tetrandrine treated RH rats. CONCLUSION In RH rats, the reactivity of resistance vessels to vasoconstrictive stimuli is increased, whereas the reactivity to both endothelium dependent or independent vaso-relaxative stimuli are reduced. Tetrandrine 50 mg·kg -1·d -1 for 9 weeks significantly reverse those changes by preserving endothelium functions and guanylate cyclase activity.
Should governments of OECD countries worry about graduate underemployment?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

To assess potential public concerns, this paper examines theory and evidence surrounding graduate educational underemployment (overeducation) in this era of mass higher education. Using a new, validated, index of graduate jobs, we find that the prevalence of graduate underemployment across 21 countries is correlated with the aggregate supply–demand imbalance, but not with indicators of labour market flexibility. Underemployment’s association with lower job satisfaction and pay is widespread. Yet in most countries there are external benefits (social trust, volunteering, and political efficacy) associated with higher education, even for those who are underemployed. Taken together with existing studies we find that, in this era of mass higher education participation, under-employment is a useful indicator of the extent of macroeconomic disequilibrium in the graduate labour market. We conclude that governments should monitor graduate underemployment, but that higher education policy should be based on social returns and should recall higher education’s wider purposes.
[Comparative effect of theophylline on urinary protein excretion in rats during diurnal and nocturanal periods].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 3 lots of 15 rats, urinary proteins excretion (U.P.E.) during 6 hours periods is compared : 1) daily and nightly in physiological conditions, where U.P.E. increases nightly (+ 97,47%) : 2) daily, before and after theophylline injection, where U.P.E. increases after theophylline injection (+ 78,62%) ; 3) nightly, before and after theophylline injection, where U.P.E. increase is only tiny (+ 3,53%) after theophylline injection. So, in nightly physiological and in daily experimental conditions the important U.P.E. increases can be in part explained by those of renal functions. This result can explain after nightly theophylline injection (where renal functions are already very higher than in daily period) the so small nightly proteinuria increase with the xanthic diuretic ; it cannot be compared to the daily value, because the renal functions cannot increase beyond some limits. Lastly, the present paper exhibits how a pharmacomolecule (as theophylline here) can act differently daily and nightly and open a new investigation field in chronopharmacology of diuretics.