jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Probing the membrane-binding and effector function of Phage Shock Protein A and its homologue Vipp1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stress response systems are prevalent throughout all organisms with several functioning to maintain the cell envelope. One widely distributed system in bacteria is the Phage Shock Protein (Psp) response which is involved in pathogenicity, biofilm and persister cell formation. Induced under conditions proposed to cause membrane (often Inner-Membrane, IM) stress, the Psp response appears to stabilize the IM and so prevent dissipation of the proton motive force. The central component, PspA, is a peripheral IM protein that acts as both the effector and negative regulator of the Psp response. PspA has a counterpart Vipp1, which functions for chloroplast envelope maintenance and thylakoid biogenesis in plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria. Mechanistic insight into how PspA and Vipp1 undertake their respective effector functions is limited but thought to be through their direct interactions with cellular membranes. Rigorously controlled, in vitro methodologies with lipid vesicles, purified proteins and peptides were established and used in this study, providing the first biochemical and biophysical characterisation of membrane binding by PspA and Vipp1. Direct membrane association of PspA and Vipp1 was shown to occur through their conserved N-terminal amphipathic helices. Both proteins are found to sense stored curvature elastic (SCE) stress and anionic lipids within the membrane. PspA has enhanced sensitivity for SCE stress while Vipp1 partitioning is most sensitive to membranes with a high net-negative charge. Experimental data points to alleviation of SCE stress by Amphiphatic Helix (AH) insertions as an attractive mechanism for membrane maintenance by PspA and Vipp1. Furthermore, by probing PspA’s regulatory role we show that its transcription inhibition, though binding to the transcription activator PspF, can be relieved upon bilayer exposure in a SCE stress specific manner. The identification of a physical, stress related membrane signal suggests a unilateral mechanism that promotes both membrane binding of PspA and a stress triggered induction of the Psp response.
Segmentation and Classification of Gastric Cancer from Endoscopic Image Dataset with the Aid of Artificial Intelligence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to detect early stomach malignancies, upper GI endoscopy is commonly used. An object detection model, a form of deep learning, was projected as a means of automating the diagnosis of early stomach cancer using endoscopic pictures. Yet there were difficulties in reducing false positives in the results that were detected. Thus, this research proposes an automatic classification method for stomach cancer classification using a (CNN) that has been pre-trained. To classify cancer in endoscopic pictures automatically, our method is superior to those that rely on traditional, manual features. Thirteen convolutional layers with small 33 size kernels and three fully linked layers make up the suggested model. We use the learning approach, which involves pre-training the weight of fine-tuning the weight of layers with the Slime Mould Algorithm, to deal with the data scarcity (SMA). Experiments employing 1208 photos from healthy subjects and 533 photographs from patients with stomach cancer examined detection performance using the 5-fold cross validation approach. These findings suggest the projected strategy will be effective for automating the diagnosis of early stomach cancer in endoscopic pictures.
Hepatitis Carriers Among Soldiers Who Have Returned from Vietnam. Australia Antigen Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Australia antigen (HBAg) or antibody (HBAb) was detected by immunodiffusion in 17 of 803 Vietnam returnees, but in none of 846 recruits. It is estimated that about 58,000 hepatitis carriers will have been added to the population by servicemen returning from Vietnam. A past history of hepatitis appeared to be no more common among those with Australia antigen (HBAg) or antibody (HBAb) than in those in whom they were not found. It is recommended that all servicemen returning from Southeast Asia be tested to detect asymptomatic hepatitis carriers.
SULPHUR ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE BISULPHITE ADDITION REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: I. EQUILIBRIUM EFFECT AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ADDITION PRODUCT

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Equilibrium constants for the isotopic exchange reaction between bisulphite ion and the addition product of eight aldehydes and ketones have been measured.[Formula: see text]At 25 °C., values ranging from 1.021 for acetone to 1.010 for anisaldehyde have been observed. Since constants of this magnitude are to be expected only if the bonding of the sulphur atom is different in the bisulphite ion and the addition product, these results are considered to confirm the carbon-sulphur bond structure of the latter. This conclusion is supported by the small constant, 1.002, obtained for the diethyl sulphate and ethyl hydrogen sulphate isotopic exchange in which the bonding of sulphur is essentially the same in the two reacting species.
Integrating Physical and Mental Health staff in a care home in reach team: Evaluation of a redesigned service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are 35 million people with dementia worldwide, many of whom live in care homes. For example, in the UK one third of people with dementia live in care home facilites, and a large proportion of these individuals have moderate or severe dementia and have highly complex care needs resulting from a combination of cognitive, functional and communication impairments, neuropsychiatric symptoms and medical comorbidity.The aim of the redesigned care home in-reach service in Oxfordshire is to improve the quality of care and health outcomes for people with dementia and enable family and paid carers to feel better supported to deliver their caring role. The model of care combines new ways of working which incorporates a biopsychosocial approach which has been effective in large scale research trials (Fossey, 2006;. Ballard, 2009) and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation in a routine NHS setting in the UK.The redesigned service integrates an established Care Home Support Service (physical health/ falls prevention team) with a mental health service which can work with all 102 care homes in the county in a responsive and preventative manner. The evaluation of this service uses the RE-AIM framework (Glasgow 1999) to determine the impact on- Reach of the service for indiivudals and services in the county- Effectiveness in terms of :o Health and well-being for people with dementia who receive the service using routine service outcome data for individuals .o County- wide Service use data – diagnosis rates for dementia, referrals to other services,admissions and length of stayo Family/carer satisfaction- Implementation , Adoption and maintenance factorso By thematic analysis of focus groups of staffs’ perception of benefits and difficulties of new modelo Service quality data- Economic impact of this model of careThis presentation will outline to key elements of the service redesign and initial findings arising from this 12 month study.
Patterns in Pediatric Medicaid Dental Claims and Payment Amounts: An Analysis of Settings and Dental Providers.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The place of service and provider type are shifting among pediatric Medicaid patients in Arizona. Not only is there a shift from place of service, but preventive and minor restorative dental claims are being filed by more non-dental providers. This reveals the movement towards integrated oral health in primary care for pediatric Medicaid patients in Arizona.
Epicardial connection between superior vena cava and right atrium contributes to subsequent atrial fibrillation: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The superior vena cava (SVC) acts as a non-pulmonary vein (PV) trigger for atrial fibrillation (AF) in 2%–6% of patients and harbours 25%–40% of non-PV foci. Approximately 10% of patients with AF have epicardial connections (ECs) between the atrium and PV inside the PV isolation lines, which are associated with AF recurrence. However, the contribution of EC(s) between the SVC and right atrium (RA) to subsequent AF remains unknown. Case summary A 76-year-old woman underwent ablation for recurrent AF. She had undergone cryo-balloon ablation for paroxysmal AF 3 years previously. After confirming the complete entrance and exit blocks of the four PVs, SVC firing-induced AF was observed. After SVC isolation, the EC between the SVC and RA was observed. No AF was induced after EC ablation. Discussion Although the mechanisms of ECs in the SVC and RA have not been entirely elucidated, several potential mechanisms have been proposed. (i) Anatomically inherited myofibres/bundles may run through the epicardial side between the SVC and RA. (ii) Epicardial connections between the right PV and the SVC or RA have been recently reported. Thus, we might speculate on the possibility of the existence of EC(s) between the right PV and both the SVC and RA. After cryoablation in the first session, the connection between the SVC and RA remained, which might have acted as EC(s). Thus, physicians should consider the possibility of EC(s) when remaining potentials in the SVC are observed, even though the SVC isolation line seems to be completed.
Weight Stigma and Its Association With Nutritional Status in Students of Health Careers in a Private University in the Region of Ñuble, Chile

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Obesity and overweight constitute global public health challenges, negatively impacting more than one billion people. They are accompanied by significant psychological and social consequences, including the stigma associated with weight, with severe repercussions on mental and physical well-being. Health professionals are directly involved with this problem; however, few studies address weight stigma in Chile. Objective: To relate nutritional status (BMI) and the level of weight stigma in university students of health careers in the region of Ñuble, Chile. Methodology: Observational design of correlational and cross-sectional scope. The GAMS-27 scale was applied to assess weight stigma and BMI to evaluate the nutritional status of 156 students of health careers. Chi2 tests of independence and binary logistic regression were applied to evaluate the association between the variables, with the R statistical package version 4.3.0. Results: A statistically significant association was found between weight stigma and nutritional status (p=0.0145). Presenting normal BMI (p=0.0163) and being female (p=0.0156) were associated with a higher probability of presenting weight bias. Conclusions: The present study identified a statistically significant association between weight stigma and nutritional status in college students. It is vital to promote education regarding weight stigma in college students to avoid bias and improve respect for future users.
Experiments with Neural Networks Training Algorithms for DDoS attacks Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Attacks on servers to bring their services down is growing rapidly. There are several possible methods through which attackers can attack a server. Distributed denials of service (DDoS) attacks are one of these attacks types in computing environments. In this paper, we discuss the possible ways of DDoS attacks detection using artificial neural network based techniques. Here a feed forward neural network is designed to detect DDoS attacks in a network based environment. Performance of feed forward neural network is analyzed by applying three different training algorithms. These algorithms are (1) Scaled Conjugate Gradient (2) Bayesian Regularization and (3) Gradient Descent. Results show that Bayesian Regularization algorithm is better among these three training algorithms and it has less number of misclassifications.
Significance and expression of HIF-1α,Bax and Bcl-2 protein in gastric carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To indentify the expression of HIF-1α and Bax,Bcl-2 proteins, and investigate the relationship between them and the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Methods: The expression of HIF-1α , Bax, Bcl-2 proteins were detected in 100 cases of gastric carcinoma by immunohistochemistry (PV9000) staining. Results: The positive rates of HIF-1α, Bax, Bcl-2 proteins in gastric carcinoma tissues were 56%(56/100),40%(40/100),68%(68/100), compared with control groups 5%(1/20),90% (18/20),20%(4/20),P0.05.Bax , Bcl-2 expression positive rates were 17.9%(10/56),89.3%(50/56) in 56 cases gastric carcinoma tissues of HIF-1α positive expression, compared with 68.2% (30/44),40.9% (18/44) in 44 cases gastric carcinoma tissues of HIF -1α negative expression,P 0.05.The expression of HIF-1α and Bax protein in gastric carcinoma tissue had negative correlation (r =-0.510, P 0.05),but the expression of HIF-1α and Bcl-2 protein in gastric carcinoma tissue had positive correlation (r=0.515, P 0.05).The expression of HIF-1α protein was correlated with infiltration range and lymph node metastasis (P0.05),but not related with cell differentiation grade (P0.05). Conclusion: HIF-1α may participate in the incidence and development of gastric carcinoma by reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and increasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. The expression of HIF-1α protein is closely related with invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
Long‐term leucine supplementation aggravates prolonged strenuous exercise‐induced cardiovascular changes in trained rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Can long‐term leucine supplementation prevent prolonged strenuous endurance exercise induced cardiac injury? What is the main finding and its importance? Prolonged endurance exercise does not seem to exceed cardiac energetic capacity, hence it does not represent an energy threat to this organ, at least in trained subjects. However, it may induce, in susceptible individuals, a state of cardiac electrical instability, which has been associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This situation might be worsened when combined with leucine supplementation, which leads to increased blood pressure and cardiac injury. Leucine supplementation failed to prevent cardiac fatigue symptoms and may aggravate prolonged strenuous exercise‐induced cardiovascular disturbances in trained rats. Observational studies have raised concerns that prolonged strenuous exercise training may be associated with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia and even primary cardiac arrest or sudden death. It has been demonstrated that leucine can reduce prolonged exercise‐induced muscle damage and accelerate the recovery process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged strenuous endurance exercise on cardiovascular parameters and biomarkers of cardiac injury in trained adult male rats and assess the use of leucine as an auxiliary substance to prevent the likely cardiac adverse effects caused by strenuous exercise. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to receive a balanced control diet (18% protein) or a leucine‐rich diet (15% protein plus 3% leucine) for 6 weeks. The rats were submitted to 1 h of exercise, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Three days after the training period, the rats were submitted to swimming exercise until exhaustion, and cardiac parameters were assessed. Exercising until exhaustion significantly increased cardiac biomarker levels, cytokines and glycogen content inhibited protein synthesis signalling and led to cardiac electrical disturbances. When combined with exercise, leucine supplementation led to greater increases in the aforementioned parameters and also a significant increase in blood pressure and protein degradation signalling. We report, for the first time, that leucine supplementation not only fails to prevent cardiac fatigue symptoms, but may also aggravate prolonged strenuous exercise‐induced cardiovascular disturbances in trained rats. Furthermore, we find that exercising until exhaustion can cause cardiac electrical disturbances and damage cardiac myocytes.
Effect of central administration of serotoninergic agonists on electrolyte excretion control.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The participation of different central serotoninergic (5HT) receptors in the mediation of Na+ excretion (UNaV), K+ excretion (UKV) and urine output (UV) was evaluated. 2. Male Wistar rats weighing 220-280 g were used in each group of 9-18 animals. The rats were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) with the 5HT agonists MK212 (1.5, 15.0 and 30.0 micrograms), 8-OH-DPAT (5.0 and 15.0 micrograms), 5HT (2.5, 12.5 and 25.0 micrograms) and DOI (10.0 and 25.0 micrograms). 3. At the lowest MK212 dose, UNaV was significantly reduced (0.18 +/- 0.04 microEq/min vs 0.35 +/- 0.04 microEq/min for saline) at 20 min. At the highest dose, MK212 provoked a significant increase in UNaV (0.60 +/- 0.06 microEq/min vs 0.34 +/- 0.03 microEq/min for saline) at 40 min. UKV values were significantly modified only at the 1.5-micrograms dose (0.18 +/- 0.04 microEq/min vs 0.35 +/- 0.04 microEq/min for saline) at 20 min. 4. Icv injection of 8-OH-DPAT provoked a significant reduction in UNaV (0.16 +/- 0.05 microEq/min vs 0.35 +/- 0.03 microEq/min for saline) and UKV (0.15 +/- 0.05 microEq/min vs 0.34 +/- 0.02 microEq/min for saline) at 40 min both doses. 5. Icv injection of 5HT at the highest dose provoked a significant increase in UNaV (0.92 +/- 0.10 microEq/min vs 0.33 +/- 0.04 microEq/min for saline) and in UKV (0.55 +/- 0.08 microEq/min vs 0.24 +/- 0.07 microEq/min for saline) at 40 min. 6. Icv administration of DOI caused a natriuretic response (0.69 +/- 0.12 microEq/min vs 0.31 +/- 0.04 microEq/min for saline) at 40 min, with no significant effect on UKV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Fermentation of inositol by bacteria of the genus Salmonella].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The capacity for the fermentation of inositol varies in different Salmonella strains. At the same time this capacity forms the basis for the determination of biovars (e. g., in S. typhimurium) and sometimes serves as the only sign for distinguishing different Salmonella sero- and biovars (e. g., S. mission and S. isangi, etc.). The study of the capacity of wild Salmonella strains for the fermentation of inositol has revealed that the fermentation of inositol is controlled by chromosomal and, seemingly, plasmid genes. In the latter case the possibility of using this sign for the biochemical and epidemiological typing of Salmonella strains is questionable.
Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Recent Update

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Malnutrition is a common problem in the elderly. Malnutrition prevalence has been reported to be between 5 and 10% in elderly living at home and quite more in hospitilized ones. It has been observed that elderly people in need of home care services face malnutrition problems more frequently than general elderly population. Elderly people cared by home care services, especially when they have chronic, mental, or physical disease, they are inclined to be at a higher risk for malnutrition. If malnutrition is not detected and properly managed, it makes it difficult to treat other existing, clinical diseases. On the other hand, it causes increase of complications related to the patient and accordingly prone to higher morbidity and mortality risks. Therefore, all the elderly patients admitted to home care service have to be examined and evaluated for malnurtition risk and managed accordingly.
Interim report: mammographic exposures at the breast cancer detection demonstration project screening centers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the interests of uniformly high radiological physics standards at ACS-NCI Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Projects, measurements were made at 29 breast cancer screening clinics. These measurements were made throughout the country with equipment calibrated with standards traceable to National Bureau of Standards. Histograms which indicate the frequency distribution of exposures to the surface of a 6 cm breast for various machine/receptor combinations were prepared.
Forging Multiple Training Objectives for Pre-trained Language Models via Meta-Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiple pre-training objectives fill the vacancy of the understanding capability of single-objective language modeling, which serves the ultimate purpose of pre-trained language models (PrLMs), generalizing well on a mass of scenarios. However, learning multiple training objectives in a single model is challenging due to the unknown relative significance as well as the potential contrariety between them. Empirical studies have shown that the current objective sampling in an ad-hoc manual setting makes the learned language representation barely converge to the desired optimum. Thus, we propose \textit{MOMETAS}, a novel adaptive sampler based on meta-learning, which learns the latent sampling pattern on arbitrary pre-training objectives. Such a design is lightweight with negligible additional training overhead. To validate our approach, we adopt five objectives and conduct continual pre-training with BERT-base and BERT-large models, where MOMETAS demonstrates universal performance gain over other rule-based sampling strategies on 14 natural language processing tasks.
Effect of quercetin on the amiloride–bovine serum albumin interaction using spectroscopic methods, molecular docking and chemometric approaches

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of quercetin flavonoid (QUE), on the binding interaction of antihypertensive drug, amiloride (AMI) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated in this study. Spectroscopic methods such as steady‐state, synchronous, three‐dimensional fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were employed to study the interaction. Fluorescence data were analyzed using the Stern–Volmer equation and a static quenching process was found to be involved in the formation of AMI–BSA and QUE–BSA complexes and were in good agreement with the thermodynamic study. The thermodynamic parameters illustrated that the process is spontaneous and enthalpy driven. Hydrophobicity is acting as the primary force in the binding interaction. Fluorescence spectral data were resolved using a multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares method (MCR–ALS). Site marker and molecular docking studies confirmed the binding site of AMI on BSA , i.e. site II. The binding distance between amino acid of BSA and AMI was calculated and found to be 2.18 nm which indicated that energy transfer has occurred from an amino acid of BSA to AMI. The binding affinity of AMI to BSA was found to be reduced in the presence of QUE, which may lead to the poor distribution of AMI at the desired site.
Anodic Plasma Electrolytic Saturation of Steels by Carbon and Nitrogen

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Review of results in anodic plasma electrolytic saturation of structural steels with nitrogen and carbon in the aqueous electrolytes containing ammonia chloride and required additional constituents is presented. Proposed nitrohardening technology of the medium-carbon steels includes the short-time nitrogen saturation with the following hardening in the electrolyte. Short-time anodic carburizing possibility of the low-carbon steels with following hardening is shown. Treatment samples microhardness is 630±30 HV, their surface roughness decreases from 1.2 to 0.22 μm.