jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantification of mRNA by RT-competitive-PCR and high performance liquid chromatography

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The use of RT-competitive-PCR with high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) detection to quantify the absolute number of mRNA copies in mammalian cells is reported. As an example, the glutathione transferase (GST)-α mRNA in human hep-atoma Hep G2 cells has been estimated. A PCR-generated internal standard was used as a competitor, co-amplified with the GST-α target sequence. The RT-competitive-PCR method was improved by designing target and competitor molecules which differed in only 30 base pairs. This allowed the two sequences to be co-amplified with the same efficiency. This improvement also facilitated a wider ratio to be used than previous methods (target:competitor ratio between 0.2 and 5). Products were baseline separated by HPLC using an ion-exchange column readily quantified at 260 nm. To validate the improved methodology, the effect of a known GST-a inducer, the anticancer drug oltipraz, was shown to induce GST-α mRNA up to 3-fold in Hep G2 cells. The RT-competitive PCR-HPLC method provides a reliable and sensitive way to quantify the amount of specific mRNA with 0.1 ng of total RNA.
Gender Norms and Structural Barriers to Use of HIV Prevention in Unmarried and Married Young Women in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: An HIV Prevention Cascade Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Gender norms against adolescent girls and young women (AGYW)'s having pre-marital sex and using condoms in marriage are included as barriers to motivation to use condoms in HIV prevention cascades. Representative survey data on gender norms are needed to test this assumption. Methods General-population survey participants in Manicaland, Zimbabwe (ages≥15, N=9803) were asked if they agreed/disagreed with statements on gender norms. AGYW at risk of HIV infection were asked whether community views discouraged condom use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure variations in community members' views and associations between AGYW's perceiving negative gender norms and condom HIV prevention cascades. Results 57% of men and 70% of women disagreed that 'If I have a teenage daughter and she has sex before marriage, I would be ok with this'; and 41% of men and 57% of women disagreed that 'If I have a teenage daughter, I would tell her about condoms'. 32% and 69% of sexually-active HIV-negative unmarried AGYW, respectively, said negative community views were important in decisions to use condoms and their friends were not using condoms. In each case, those who agreed had lower motivation to use condoms. Fewer of those with friends not using condoms reported using condoms themselves (39% vs. 68%; p<0.001). 21% of men and 32.5% of women found condom use in marriage acceptable. 74% and 93% of married AGYW at risk, respectively, said negative community views influenced their decisions to use condoms and their friends did not use condoms. Fewer married AGYW reporting friends not using condoms were motivated to use condoms but there was no difference in reported condom use (4.1% vs. 6.9%; p=0.48). Conclusions Negative gender norms can form a barrier to motivation to use condoms in unmarried and married AGYW at risk of HIV infection, and, for unmarried AGYW, to condom use.
Exact Sequences of BCK-Modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

BCK-modules were introduced as an action of a BCK-algebra over an Abelian group. Homomorphisms of BCK-modules form an exact sequence which is called BCK-sequence. In this paper, we study homomorphisms of BCK-modules. We show that this homomorphisms have a module structure. Moreover, we show that sequences of Hom functors are BCK-sequences.
THE ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ACTION TO THE HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of studies under electro-mechanical action for structure elements of disperse objects and living organisms are shown. On the example of the cavitation magnetohydrodynamic resonator model, an opinion was expressed what is unity of common approaches at formation of electro-mechanical action in heterogeneous systems in point of boundary of the transition from component to another component. It is shown that the addition of the mechanical nature of the oscillations to the electromagnetic action contributes to the appearance of resonant phenomena in the heterogeneous system. This, in principle, can lead to the destruction of the shells and coats of machine components, mechanisms or to change of the state in material or living object.
Invited Commentary on “The Contribution of the Social Environment to Host Resistance: The Fourth Wade Hampton Frost Lecture”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Invited Commentary on “The Contribution of the Social Environment to Host Resistance: The Fourth Wade Hampton Frost Lecture” Get access Herman A. Tyroler Herman A. Tyroler Department of Epidemiology, CB# 7400, McGavran-Greenberg Hail, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 141, Issue 9, 1 May 1995, Page 797, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117514 Published: 01 May 1995 Article history Received: 14 November 1994 Published: 01 May 1995
Rethinking the “course” in an online world

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emergence of online education creates opportunities for positive education changes centering on improved learning rather than on reaping economies of scale. We can develop online strategies for using class time more productively; courses can be arranged to correspond to the varying learning curves of different students; and degrees can be tailored to the actual competencies students achieve. Further, the online world based in hypertext and virtuality creates the possibility of providing entirely new educational materials and environments. These improvements depend on faculty seizing control of the way technology is used in education.
The synthesis, separation, and identification of the methyl ethers of arabinose and their derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A study has been made of various methods available for the identification and separation of the methyl ethers of arabinose. Gas–liquid partition chromatography has been used to separate the acetylated glycosides and the acetylated alditols of the methyl ethers of arabinose. All of the methyl ethers of arabinopyranose and arabinofuranose have been separated by paper chromatography. Several spray reagents have been used to distinguish between those methyl ethers with similar rates of movement. Thin-layer chromatography has been used to separate the methyl glycosides, acetylated methyl glycosides, and glycitols of the methyl ethers of arabinose, as well as the methyl ethers of the reducing sugar. The optical rotations of the reducing sugars and of the methyl glycosides of the methyl ethers of arabinose provide information about the ring form and, in the case of the glycosides, about the anomer present. The rotations of the acetylated and unacetylated O-methyl arabinitols aid in the determination of the position of the methyl substitutents. In connection with this study, all of the mono-O-methyl and tri-O-methyl, and most of the di-O-methyl ethers of arabinose have been synthesized. New syntheses have been devised for 4-O-methyl and 2,3-di-O-methyl arabinose, and the other sugars have been synthesized by known or partially revised syntheses. During this work, previously unreported derivatives of these sugars have been prepared.
Association between alcohol consumption and impaired work performance (presenteeism): a systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aim of this review was to explore the notion of alcohol-related presenteeism; that is, whether evidence in the research literature supports an association between employee alcohol consumption and impaired work performance. Design Systematic review of observational studies. Data sources MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, Embase and Swemed+ were searched through October 2018. Reference lists in included studies were hand searched for potential relevant studies. Eligibility criteria We included observational studies, published 1990 or later as full-text empirical articles in peer-reviewed journals in English or a Scandinavian language, containing one or more statistical tests regarding a relationship between a measure of alcohol consumption and a measure of work performance. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data. Tested associations between alcohol consumption and work performance within the included studies were quality assessed and analysed with frequency tables, cross-tabulations and χ 2 tests of independence. Results Twenty-six studies were included, containing 132 tested associations. The vast majority of associations (77%) indicated that higher levels of alcohol consumption were associated with higher levels of impaired work performance, and these positive associations were considerably more likely than negative associations to be statistically significant (OR=14.00, phi= 0.37, p<0.001). Alcohol exposure measured by hangover episodes and composite instruments were over-represented among significant positive associations of moderate and high quality (15 of 17 associations). Overall, 61% of the associations were characterised by low quality. Conclusions Evidence does provide some support for the notion of alcohol-related presenteeism. However, due to low research quality and lack of longitudinal designs, evidence should be characterised as somewhat inconclusive. More robust and less heterogeneous research is warranted. This review, however, does provide support for targeting alcohol consumption within the frame of workplace interventions aimed at improving employee health and productivity. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017059620.
Melville's Fist: The Execution of "Billy Budd"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The plot of Melville's Billy Budd is well known, and, like its title character, appears entirely straightforward and simple. It is a tale of three men in a boat: the innocent, ignorant foretopman, handsome Billy Budd; the devious, urbane master-at-arms, John Claggart; and the re spectable, bookish commanding officer, Captain the Honorable Edward Fairfax (Starry) Vere. Falsely accused by Claggart of plotting mutiny aboard the British man-of-war Bellipotent, Billy Budd, his speech impeded by a stutter, strikes his accuser dead in front of the Captain, and is condemned, after a summary trial, to hang. In spite of the apparent straightforwardness of the facts of the case, however, there exists in the critical literature on Billy Budd a notable range of disagreement over the ultimate meaning of the tale. For some, the story constitutes Melville's testament of acceptance,2 his ever lasting yea,3 his acceptance of tragedy,4 or at least his recognition of necessity.5 For others, Melville's final stage is, on the contrary,
Use of Communication Technology for Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus has been rapid in many countries with no vaccine and specific medicine for treatment which is under research. Thus, self-quarantine and social distancing are perceived to be highly effective in breaking the chain of onward spread. Despite adverse effects and serious efforts, lack of cooperation and a few quarantines without realizing the consequences are consistently reported across the globe. As recommended by WHO, tracking, testing, and treating COVID-19-infected patients is the globally recommended practice, many countries have utilized the development of communication technologies such as mobile communications, Bluetooth, global positioning systems, and facial recognition, timestamps, and wristbands for tracking and contact tracing. All these technologies require the active participation of quarantined people. In this chapter, we have discussed the technological practices of various countries and recommended an integrated approach by involving the global system for mobile communication (GSM) and global navigational satellite system (GNSS) module along with implanting of Bio-Microchips in the quarantine during the early stages for effective monitoring and control of the spread. Immediate tracking with more efficient tracing along with a proper alert mechanism shall be ensured 2by making use of this approach which will be highly useful to the health officials, authorities, and administrators in reducing the risk of rapid spreading.
Information-theoretic generalization bounds for black-box learning algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We derive information-theoretic generalization bounds for supervised learning algorithms based on the information contained in predictions rather than in the output of the training algorithm. These bounds improve over the existing information-theoretic bounds, are applicable to a wider range of algorithms, and solve two key challenges: (a) they give meaningful results for deterministic algorithms and (b) they are significantly easier to estimate. We show experimentally that the proposed bounds closely follow the generalization gap in practical scenarios for deep learning.
Robust visual odometry for complex urban environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a new approach for estimating the vehicle motion trajectory in complex urban environments by means of visual odometry. A new strategy for robust feature extraction and data post-processing is developed and tested on-road. Scale-invariant Image Features (SIFT) are used in order to cope with the complexity of urban environments. The obtained results are discussed and compared to previous works. In the prototype system, the ego-motion of the vehicle is computed using a stereo-vision system mounted next to the rear view mirror of the car. Feature points are matched between pairs of frames and linked into 3D trajectories. The distance between estimations is dynamically adapted based on reprojection and estimation errors. Vehicle motion is estimated using the non-linear, photogrametric approach based on RANSAC (RAndom SAmple Consensus). The obvious application of the method is to provide on-board driver assistance in navigation tasks, or to provide a means of autonomously navigating a vehicle. The method has been tested in real traffic conditions without using prior knowledge about the scene or the vehicle motion. An example of how to estimate a vehiclepsilas trajectory is provided along with suggestions for possible further improvement of the proposed odometry algorithm.
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity: A Population-Based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the influence of maternal race/ethnicity and nativity and childhood autistic disorder (AD) in African Americans/blacks, Asians, and Hispanics in the United States is limited. Phenotypic differences in the presentation of childhood AD in minority groups may indicate etiologic heterogeneity or different thresholds for diagnosis. We investigated whether the risk of developing AD and AD phenotypes differed according to maternal race/ethnicity and nativity. METHODS: Children born in Los Angeles County with a primary AD diagnosis at ages 3 to 5 years during 1998–2009 were identified and linked to 1995–2006 California birth certificates (7540 children with AD from a cohort of 1 626 354 births). We identified a subgroup of children with AD and a secondary diagnosis of mental retardation and investigated heterogeneity in language and behavior. RESULTS: We found increased risks of being diagnosed with AD overall and specifically with comorbid mental retardation in children of foreign-born mothers who were black, Central/South American, Filipino, and Vietnamese, as well as among US-born Hispanic and African American/black mothers, compared with US-born whites. Children of US African American/black and foreign-born black, foreign-born Central/South American, and US-born Hispanic mothers were at higher risk of exhibiting an AD phenotype with both severe emotional outbursts and impaired expressive language than children of US-born whites. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal race/ethnicity and nativity are associated with offspring’s AD diagnosis and severity. Future studies need to examine factors related to nativity and migration that may play a role in the etiology as well as identification and diagnosis of AD in children.
Data from Entinostat Converts Immune-Resistant Breast and Pancreatic Cancers into Checkpoint-Responsive Tumors by Reprogramming Tumor-Infiltrating MDSCs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized treatment in cancers that are naturally immunogenic by enabling infiltration of T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promoting cytotoxic signaling pathways. Tumors possessing complex immunosuppressive TMEs such as breast and pancreatic cancers present unique therapeutic obstacles as response rates to ICI remain low. Such tumors often recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), whose functioning prohibits both T-cell activation and infiltration. We attempted to sensitize these tumors to ICI using epigenetic modulation to target MDSC trafficking and function to foster a less immunosuppressive TME. We showed that combining a histone deacetylase inhibitor, entinostat (ENT), with anti–PD-1, anti–CTLA-4, or both significantly improved tumor-free survival in both the HER2/neu transgenic breast cancer and the Panc02 metastatic pancreatic cancer mouse models. Using flow cytometry, gene-expression profiling, and <i>ex vivo</i> functional assays, we characterized populations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and MDSCs, as well as their functional capabilities. We showed that addition of ENT to checkpoint inhibition led to significantly decreased suppression by granulocytic MDSCs in the TME of both tumor types. We also demonstrated an increase in activated granzyme-B–producing CD8<sup>+</sup> T effector cells in mice treated with combination therapy. Gene-expression profiling of both MDSCs and TILs identified significant changes in immune-related pathways. In summary, addition of ENT to ICI significantly altered infiltration and function of innate immune cells, allowing for a more robust adaptive immune response. These findings provide a rationale for combination therapy in patients with immune-resistant tumors, including breast and pancreatic cancers.</p></div>
Parallelism in Phylogeny Reconstruction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Parallelism in Phylogeny Reconstruction Get access Norman I. Platnick Norman I. Platnick Department of Entomology The American Museum of Natural History New York, New York 10024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 26, Issue 1, March 1977, Pages 93–96, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/26.1.93 Published: 01 March 1977
Setting up of an Integrative Center for the Management of Mild-moderate COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Besides the expansion of vaccine drive, the discovery of new strains of corona virus is creating havoc all around the world. Based on the pragmatic trial conducted, there is an increasing recognition that an effective integrated holistic approach is urgently needed to combat the COVID pandemic. During an infectious outbreak, a health-care unit is anticipated to function as a high-level isolation unit. Herein, we describe the execution plan, experiences, observations, and challenges that were encountered during the establishment and functioning of COVID Health-Care Ward at All India Institute of Ayurveda. Methodology: Since the situation was novel, standard operative procedures and protocols were developed accordingly. Strategic plans carried out in infrastructure, biomedical waste management, surveillance, and observations were compiled directly from the hospital administration. Results: Till date when the 29 th team has completed the duty rotation, about 600 COVID mild-to-moderate positive cases have been successfully managed. Zero incidence of nosocomial COVID transmission or death has been reported so far. The recovery speed of patients was found to be remarkably faster at COVID Health Center-AIIA as compared to all other hospitals of the state and a significant number of patients were recovered with the use of Ayurvedic medications alone. On follow-up, only a limited number of patients (two patients) turned up with mild severity of post-COVID complications. Mild respiratory discomfort was noted in these patients for a period of 2 months. The score for Anxiety Depression Scale of among patients and health-care workers reduced significantly. Conclusion: Indigenous system of medicines is comparatively less explored in pandemic times. Here, a tertiary care hospital has upgraded to integrative health-care model in the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Citra Perusahaan dan Lokasi terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah di PT. Taspen (Persero) Cabang Surakarta

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, company image and location, simultaneously and partially on customer satisfaction in TASPEN (Persero) company of Surakarta. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique to sample as many as 100 people. Technique of collecting data in this study use questionnaires. Technical of analyzing used multiple linear regression, F test, t test, the coefficient of determination. The results of the analysis showed the quality of service, corporate image and the location, simultaneously and partially have positive effect and significant impact on customer satisfaction in TASPEN (Persero) company of Surakarta.
Influence of Hot Extrusion on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the effect of plastic deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy, experiments of hot direct extrusion were performed at different extrusion temperatures and different extrusion ratios. The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded billets and extrudate were measured. Experimental results show that the grain size of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy can be dramatically refined by extrusion. Hot extrusion can obviously improve the mechanical properties of as-cast AZ91 magnesium Alloy, comparing with the pre-extruded billet, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of extrudate can be improved by at least 69%, 117% and 150% respectively. As the extrusion temperature increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of extrudate will increase. As the extrusion ratio increases, the tensile strength and yield strength of extrudate will increase at first and then fall. At the time of extrusion temperature of 420°C and extrusion ratio of 45, the highest tensile strength of 381Mpa and yield strength of 303MPa can be achieved for the extrudate.
Bioefficacy of botanicals against Sclerotium rolfsii causing wilt of Stevia rebaudiana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Among eighteen plant extracts evaluated against S. rolfsii under in vitro condition, Duranta repens was superior in inhibiting the mycelial growth .In vivo studies conducted in glass house condition indicated that soil drenching with Duranta repens or Lantana camera @10% managed the disease effectively and enhanced plant vigour. Azadirachtin was least effective in managing the disease.