jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of amending soil with organic (poultry manure) and inorganic fertilizer on yield and chlorophyll content of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) was carried out at the Teaching and Research (T&R) Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, (O.A.U.) Ile - Ife, Nigeria. The experiment was a randomised complete block design (RCBD), laid out in a split-plot arrangement in the second cropping season of year 2001 and 2002. There were four sources of fertilizer for soil amendment: inorganic fertilizer (IF), mixture of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure (IFPM), poultry manure (PM) and control (C) (no fertilizer or manure treatment). Each fertilizer source supplied 54 kg N plus 25 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O5/ha. There were significant variability and diversity observed on the two crops due to treatments. Grain yield was highest in sorghum (3.55 kg/ha) and maize (2.89 kg/ha) under IFPM followed by IF treatment for maize (2.33 kg/ha) and PM treatment for sorghum ((3.37 kg/ha). Sorghum and maize had the highest dry matter of 72.3 g/plant and 71.0 g/plant under IFPM at harvest. The effects of PM on the dry matter of sorghum (68.1 g/plant) and maize (61.7 g/plant) were not significantly different (p = 0.05) from that of IF (sorghum 66.1 g/plant, maize 58.7 g/plant). Sorghum also had the highest leaf area (LA) (2752.9 cm2/plant) and total chlorophyll content of 3.28 mg/g under PM while maize on the other hand had the highest LA (1969.5 cm2/plant) and total chlorophyll content of 2.63 mg/g under IFPM. In both maize and sorghum, the lowest chlorophyll content occurred in control plot. Drought tolerance measured as percentage chlorophyll stability index (CSI%) was highest under control plots in both crops. Key words: Maize, sorghum, cultivars, nutrient source, poultry manure, chlorophyll, yield.
Hydrologic Overview Of The Edwards/Trinity Aquifers

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Edwards aquifer is the water supply source for the 1 million plus people that live in<br>the City of San Antonio and the six counties east and west of the City. The aquifer has been<br>designated a sole-source aquifer by the EPA. The aquifer also supplies water to a major<br>agriculture community for irrigation as well as recreation around the major springs such as San<br>Marcos and Comal Springs that discharge water from the aquifer. Rare and unique aquatic life<br>live in the spring water and the limestone caverns from which the springs flow. The aquifer<br>underlies about 3,600 square mile, is about 180 miles long from east to west, and varies from 5<br>to 30 miles wide. The catchment area of the aquifer is about 4,400 square miles and contains the<br>drainage basins of the streams that recharge the aquifer. Average rainfall in the area varies from<br>22 inches in the West to 34 inches in the East. Over two-thirds of the precipitation is lost to<br>evapotransprition resulting in only 2.7 to 4.7 inches of runoff from west to east across the area.<br>However, this small amount of runoff is what recharges the Edwards aquifer. Recharge to the<br>aquifer is calculated using records of streamflow-gaging stations located upstream and<br>downstream from the recharge area and estimated precipitation on the recharge area. Minimum<br>recharge occurred in 1956 with only 43,700 acre-feet and maximum recharge of 1,711,000 acrefeet<br>in 1958. The average recharge over the period of record is over 600,000 acre feet per year.<br>Recharge moves through the aquifer very quickly and water levels begin to fall without<br>additional recharge. In general flow moves from west to east following four regional flowpaths.<br>About 3 million acre-feet of water is stored in the aquifer between the record low and record<br>high water level in the San Antonio index well. Wells drilled into the aquifer are known to flow<br>as much as 18,000 gallons per minute under artesian pressure. Well withdrawal has averaged<br>over 400,000 acre-feet per year since 1970. These regional flowpaths lead to the major springs,<br>Comal and San Marcos, which have an average discharge of over 350,000 acre-feet per year.
A Preliminary Plains Cree Speech Synthesizer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the development and evaluation of a Speech Synthesizer for Plains Cree, an Algonquian language of North America. Synthesis is achieved using Simple4All and evaluation was performed using a modified Cluster Identification, Semantically Unpredictable Sentence, and a basic dichotomized judgment task. Resulting synthesis was not well received; however, observations regarding the process of speech synthesis evaluation in North American indigenous communities were made: chiefly, that tolerance for variation is often much lower in these communities than for majority languages. The evaluator did not recognize grammatically consistent but semantically nonsense strings as licit language. As a result, monosyllabic clusters and semantically unpredictable sentences proved not the most appropriate evaluate tools. Alternative evaluation methods are discussed.
A Pipelined Algorithm and Area-Efficient Architecture for Serial Real-Valued FFT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this brief, we present a novel pipelined architecture for real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT), which is dedicated to processing serial input data. An optimized algorithm is proposed for stage division in RFFT to achieve an area-efficient RFFT computing structure with full hardware utilization. A single path butterfly and a real rotator are merged into one processing element (PE) in each stage, except the last stage, to reduce hardware resource utilization. In addition, a novel shift-adder is designed for $N$ -point RFFT with $W$ -bit signals, and a new data management method based on the PEs is proposed, which saves resources with a more regular flow graph.
Electroglottography for the assessment of dysphonia in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electroglottography (EGG) is a noninvasive technique which allows accurate measurements of vocal folds dynamics and perturbations during speech. It has been widely used in medical diagnosis and monitoring of several laryngeal pathologies, but its use in neurological disorders has been very limited. This paper presents the first study on EGG in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and an atypical parkinsonian disorder, multiple system atrophy (MSA). Our first objective was to investigate whether EGG can reveal distinctive dysphonia features that could help in the challenging early differential diagnosis between PD and MSA-P, the parkinsonian variant of MSA. The second objective was to verify some hypothesis on early markers of PD drawn from speech-alone acoustic analysis. For MSA-P patients, our analysis revealed a reduced open quotient and confirmed excessive pitch variation. The analysis also mitigated some hypothesis on dysphonia in early stages of PD. © 2024 International Speech Communication Association. All rights reserved.
An Economic Study of the Food Habits of the Ring-Necked Pheasant in South Dakota

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The economic status in South Dakota of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasinus colchicus torquatus Gmelin X Phasianus colchicus colchicus L.) has turned out to be a controversial matter of no small importance with the citizenry of the State. This bird was introduced into South Dakota mainly thru the efforts and funds of the State Department of Game and Fish, and thru this department the pheasant was protected form slaughter by hunters, and permitted to multiply. When it was believed that the pheasants hasd established themselves in a county and multiplied sufficiently to warrant an open season , such an open season was declared in that county, regulations being issued which permitted the shooting of male birds only and which restricted the bag limit per day and the length of the season to avoid extermination of the pheasant or too great a reduction in numbers of the birds. As the pheasants increased in numbers in other counties, open season seasons were declared in these counties also. When the pheasants increased in numbers still more, the open season in some counties was lengthened, the bag limit was increased, and the absolute protection formerly given the hens was at times modified. Prior to April 1, 1929, no scientific study had been made of the food and feeding habits of the pheasants in South Dakota. While, in general it had been known that pheasants fed to some extent upon corn, small grain and other seeds, grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars and other insects, exact information on what the pheasants actually consumed as food in various sections of the State throughout the year was not to be had, nor did any one know the variety and quantity of food that an average pheasant consumed in one meal, nor did any one know whether the average meal taken by pheasants was economically important to man or not. It was possible to ask a large number of questions regarding the food that pheasants eat, and yet to all of these, prior to this investigation, we would be compelled to answer “We don’t know.” A few questions follow: How much corn, wheat, oats, barley and other small grain does the average South Dakota pheasant eat in a meal during each of the 12 months of the year? From where and under what conditions were the corn and small grain procured? Does the pheasant eat more corn on an average in the southeastern section of the State which has about one-third of its crop area in corn, and a diminishing quantity in those sections in which a smaller percentage of the crop area is in corn? If this is true, does a similar condition exist for wheat, oats, barley and the smaller grains? [Introduction]
Detection of Pulmonary Emboli in Dogs Using Digital Subtraction Angiography

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in six dogs to define the limits of detection of pulmonary emboli. Three angiograms were initially obtained in three normal control animals, two of which were subsequently embolized. A total of ten pulmonary angiograms were then obtained in five dogs that had experimentally produced emboli of Ivalon cubes (2, 3, and 10 mm). The intravenous angiograms were followed by selective arterial angiograms to confirm the presence and location of the emboli. The intravenous angiograms were independently reviewed by two radiologists. The criterion for detection was identification of a vessel cutoff. Perfusion defects were also seen. No intraluminal filling defects were seen. This study indicates that pulmonary emboli greater than 2 mm in diameter may be detected in dogs by DSA.
Energy-efficient transmission scheme for mobile data gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has always been a crucial issue and has received increased attention in the recent years. A transmission scheme for energy-constrained WSNs is proposed in this paper. The scheme, called MIHOP (MIMO and Multi-hop), combines cluster-based virtual MIMO and multi-hop technologies. The multi-hop mode is employed in transmitting data when the related sensors are located within a specific number of hops from the sink, and the virtual MIMO mode is used in transmitting data from the remaining sensor nodes. We compare the energy consumption of different transmission schemes and propose an algorithm for determining the optimal hop count in MIHOP. A controllable mobile sink that reduces the energy consumed in sensor transmission is also adopted for data collection. The theoretical analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms individual virtual MIMO, multi-hop technologies, and double-string networks in terms of energy conservation. The energy consumption levels under the MIHOP scheme are approximately 12.98%, 47.55% and 48.30% less than that under virtual MIMO schemes, multi-hop networks and double-string networks, respectively.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Agents, Heat and Combined Agents and Heat on Composting Maturity of Municipal Solid Waste

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to explored the effect of inoculating exogenous microbial agents and recycling waste heat on compost maturity of municipal solid waste based on forced-aeration static-piles composting system. The treatments were designed as follows:inoculated agents(T1), recycling waste heat(T2), both inoculated exogenous microbial agents and recycling waste heat(T3), and the conventional compost as control(CK). The maturity indexes were analyzed during composting. The results showed that:all compost products reached maturity according to temperature, pH, electrical conductivity(EC), E4/E6, water soluble carbon(WSC), C/N ratio and germination index(GI). T1 had a significant influence on EC, E4/E6, WSC, C/N ratio and GI. In addition to E4/E6, WSC and C/N ratio, recycling waste heat presented a significant influence on other maturity indices, and a significant difference between four trials(P0.05) for all maturity index. It was shown that the combined effects of exogenous microbial agents and the waste heat were significantly improved the maturity of municipal solid waste composting, and the two aspects played a synergistic effect on maturity. This research has provided a better way to improve the maturity of the compost, and the theory evidence for improving design of future MSW composting plants.
A Qualitative Study on Early Childhood Special Education Teachers’ Experiences of the Disability Understanding Education in Inclusive Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 유아통합교육기관에 근무하는 유아특수교사들의 장애이해교육에 대한 경험과 어려움 및 적합한 장애이해교육을 위해 필요한 요구들에 대하여 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 통합교육 현장에서 장애 이해교육을 실행한 경험이 있는 유아특수교사 3명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 자료수집방법으로는 개별 심층면담 및 현장관찰이 활용되었고 연구 참여자별로 면담은 2-3회 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료를 통하여 분석해 본 결과 (1) 통합교육현장에서의 유아특수교사의 어려움 (2) 장애이해교육에 대한 경험 (3) 효과적인 장애이해교육을 위한 요구의 3가지 주제와 12개의 하위주제가 도출되었다. 교사들은 통합현장에서 역할과 위치의 모호함, 전문성의 신장, 정돈되지 못한 체제 내에서의 어려움을 느끼고 있었으며, 편견을 조성하거나, 교사의 역량에 따른 편차가 크거나, 적합한 방법을 지각하지 못하거나, 성인 및 유아들의 높지 않은 관심이 장애이해교육의 장애물이 될 수 있음을 지각하였다. 마지막으로 효과적인 장애이해교육을 위하여, 지도메뉴얼의 개발, 행정체계의 개선, 장애이해교육에 대한 인식의 변화, 유아들의 경험에 기반을 둔 장애이해교육이 필요하다는 결과가 도출되었다. 도출된 주제에 따른 결과를 기반으로 통합교육 현장에서 효과적인 장애이해교육을 위해 필요한 시사점에 대하여 논의하였다.
[Radiotherapy of the hemangioma of the choroid].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For the first time, a report is given on the percutaneous radiotherapy of hemangiomas of the choroid which could not be treated by photocoagulation. Diagnosis and control examinations of these tumors were performed by ophthalmoscopy, fluorescence angiography, and ultrasonography. Ten eyes (nine patients, three out of them with Sturge-Weber's disease) were treated between 1967 and 1982. A first group (five eyes, five patients) treated until 1974 received a target volume dose of 1,65 to 6,5 Gy combined with subsequent photocoagulation. All these eyes could be preserved. In addition, the second group (five eyes, four patients) treated since 1975 with unique radiotherapy showed better results with respect to visual acuity. The average follow-up period was four years (seven months up to nine years). Late effects were not observed. Even in case of advanced disease with retinal ablation and secondary glaucoma, an inactivation of the hemangioma of the choroid and a simultaneous regression of the secondary alterations could be achieved. According to our experiences, enucleations can be prevented by an irradiation with a target volume dose of 20 to 30 Gy.
Public Activity Room Designing in Care Institutions Based on Emotion Measurement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The public activity rooms play an important role in the care institutions, but which kind of public activity room is suitable for the elderly is a challenge to designers. We analyze the differences in the emotion provided by different design factors in the design of public activity room in the care institutions, including area of space, area of window, type of roof. The results show that large window provided the greatest emotional benefit, while flat roof provide the smallest benefit. Based on these results, we suggest to give priority consideration of the area of space and the area of window in future activity room design, and take fewer consideration of the type of roof. It is expected to provide reference for architects.
Direct Biomimetic Synthesis of β-Carboline Alkaloids from Two Amino Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The increasing importance of enzyme mimics in organic synthesis inspired us to design a novel biomimetic synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids directly from tryptophan and a second amino acid. This novel one-pot protocol utilizes abundant and readily available starting materials and thus presents a green and user-friendly alternative to conventional methods that rely on stepwise synthesis. Driven by molecular iodine and TFA, decarboxylation, deamination, Pictet-Spengler reaction, and oxidation reactions proceeded sequentially, transforming biomass amino acids into value-added alkaloid motifs.
Development of electronic health messaging services in Denmark, and lessons for Ireland / by Fergus Murray

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The quality, efficacy and safety of healthcare depends amongst other things, on the rapid and \naccurate communication of both exceptional and routine patient information to the point of care, \nwherever that may be. The electronic communication of such information in a standardised format, \nis often referred to as health messaging, and is a vital step in the establishment of the electronic \npatient record. \nThe main objective of this research was to review the approach taken to the development of health \nmessaging services in Denmark, a recognised centre of excellence, and to identify how the lessons \nlearned can be applied to Ireland. \nThis was achieved by conducting qualitative research by means of documentary analysis and use of \nsemi-structured interviews and fact sheets, from a public service provider’s viewpoint. The \nresulting descriptive report outlines the international context and major trends, details the \ndevelopment of health messaging services in Denmark and Ireland, compares and contrasts both to \nidentify relevant implications for Ireland, and sets out the main conclusions and some key \nrecommendations. \nDenmark has adopted an ambitious but incremental approach, and developed an extensive range of \nhealth messaging services, used by the majority of public/private healthcare providers. Ireland \ncommenced its regional projects 11 years later than Denmark, and has developed a more modest \nrange of services between primary and secondary care. \nIt was concluded that there is a compelling business case for health messaging, and significant \nbenefits have been achieved in both countries (e.g. improved patient safety/care, timeliness, quality, \nefficiency, resource utilisation). Messaging services have a central role in building and maintaining \na cohesive health service, and are of particular importance within the hospital sector. In Denmark, \nthe establishment of MedCom as an impartial prime-mover, negotiator and co-ordinator was \nsignificant. The many valuable lessons identified, validate Ireland’s approach in many areas and \nprompt necessary changes in others. \nRecommendations include the need to identify a senior national business sponsor, and to establish a \nnational messaging Programme Board and programme that will facilitate the co-ordination of \nmultiple regional/local projects to develop additional services. High priority objectives identified \nand relevant lessons learned in both countries should be considered when determining the best way \nforward. A new project unit with appropriate independence, modelled on MedCom, should be \nestablished to lead and co-ordinate this development programme.
Reply on RC2

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mineral grains within sediment or rock absorb a radiation dose from the decay of radionuclides in the host matrix. For the beta dose component, the estimated dose rate must be adjusted for the attenuation of beta particles within the mineral grains. Standard calculations, originally designed for thermoluminescence dating of pottery, assume that the grain is embedded in a homogenous medium. However, most current applications of trapped-charge dating concern sand- or silt-sized dosimeters embedded in granular sediment. In such cases, the radionuclide sources are not homogeneous, but are localized in discrete grains or held on grain surfaces. We show here that the mean dose rate to dosimeter grains in a granular matrix is dependent on the grain-size distributions of the source grains, and of the bulk sediment, as well as on the grain size of the dosimeters. We further argue that U and Th sources are likely to be held primarily on grain surfaces, which causes the dose rate to dosimeter grains to be significantly higher than for sources distributed uniformly throughout grains. For a typical well-sorted medium sand, the beta dose rates derived from surface U and Th sources are higher by 9 % and 14 %, respectively, compared to a homogenous distribution of sources. We account for these effects using an expanded model of beta attenuation, and validate the model against Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations within a geometry of packed spheres.
V2X-AHD:Vehicle-to-Everything Cooperation Perception via Asymmetric Heterogenous Distillation Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Object detection is the central issue of intelligent traffic systems, and recent advancements in single-vehicle lidar-based 3D detection indicate that it can provide accurate position information for intelligent agents to make decisions and plan. Compared with single-vehicle perception, multi-view vehicle-road cooperation perception has fundamental advantages, such as the elimination of blind spots and a broader range of perception, and has become a research hotspot. However, the current perception of cooperation focuses on improving the complexity of fusion while ignoring the fundamental problems caused by the absence of single-view outlines. We propose a multi-view vehicle-road cooperation perception system, vehicle-to-everything cooperative perception (V2X-AHD), in order to enhance the identification capability, particularly for predicting the vehicle's shape. At first, we propose an asymmetric heterogeneous distillation network fed with different training data to improve the accuracy of contour recognition, with multi-view teacher features transferring to single-view student features. While the point cloud data are sparse, we propose Spara Pillar, a spare convolutional-based plug-in feature extraction backbone, to reduce the number of parameters and improve and enhance feature extraction capabilities. Moreover, we leverage the multi-head self-attention (MSA) to fuse the single-view feature, and the lightweight design makes the fusion feature a smooth expression. The results of applying our algorithm to the massive open dataset V2Xset demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art result. The V2X-AHD can effectively improve the accuracy of 3D object detection and reduce the number of network parameters, according to this study, which serves as a benchmark for cooperative perception. The code for this article is available at https://github.com/feeling0414-lab/V2X-AHD.