jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
1090 A UK-Wide Audit on Peri-Operative Practices During Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: Results from a Prospective National Transplant Access to Theatre (NTACT) Audit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim The outcomes of deceased donor kidney transplants are mainly affected by donor and recipient factors. There is little data on whether variations in perioperative practices could also affect the outcomes and there is also little data on the standard perioperative practices across the UK. This study aims to identify current perioperative practices from a prospective National Transplant Access to Theatre (NTACT) audit. Method A multicentre, prospective audit of adult deceased donor kidney-only transplants was conducted across 14 UK transplant centres from February to September 2022. Data collected via RedCap focused on pre-operative antibiotic use, surgeon's grade, post-operative destination, crossmatch, and advanced haemodynamic monitoring. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results Among 476 kidney-only transplants, 29 were excluded, leaving 446 transplants for analysis. Pre-operatively, 98.4% received antibiotics, with co-amoxiclav (n=147), ciprofloxacin (n=92), and amikacin (n=69) being most common. Consultant surgeons led 91.7% (n=409) of operations, while consultant anaesthetists led 61.4%. Notably, central lines (67.7% n=302), arterial lines (44.2% n=197), and advanced hemodynamic monitoring (27.6% n=123) were employed. Goal-directed fluid therapy was administered in 71.7% (n=320) of cases, with 71.6% (n=229) using static parameters. Post-operatively, 76.9% (n=343) were sent to a transplant ward, while 9.4% (n=42) and 10.8% (n=48) were directed to the intensive care unit and high dependency unit, respectively. Conclusions This audit highlights significant variations in perioperative practices, prompting further exploration into their potential impact on postoperative outcomes such as graft function and mortality.
Interests of porous alloys in dentistry : Application to the case of a screw-retained prosthesis on four implants

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Le concept All-on-Four®, mis en avant à la fin du XXe siècle, est une possibilité de restauration pour les patients totalement édentés, à l'aide d'une prothèse implanto-portée sur seulement quatre implants. Cette méthode permet d'éviter certaines zones anatomiques et de réduire ainsi les interventions chirurgicales complexes et les coûts associés aux greffes osseuses, pour des reconstructions mandibulaires. Le traitement conventionnel utilise une barre prothétique en titane monolithique, dont la rigidité élevée entrave la cinématique naturelle de la mandibule et peut conduire à diverses complications implantaires. Plusieurs cas de défaillance précoces sont relevés dans la littérature tels que le descellement d'implants, des fractures de la cosmétique en résine (fausse gencive et fausses dents) ou des composants de la prothèse (éléments de fixation, vis, piliers). Des ruptures de la barre prothétique métallique sont également constatés. Enfin, des complications biologiques peuvent également survenir à l'interface os-implant, comme des péri-implantites. Pour prévenir ces complications, ce travail propose une amélioration du concept prothétique, au niveau mandibulaire, allant dans le sens d'un meilleur biomimétisme. L'idée est de réduire la rigidité de la barre prothétique en introduisant des porosités dans le matériau, à l'aide d'une structure lattice de type BCC. L'apport de la fabrication additive métallique (SLM) est considéré afin de concevoir ce type de structure architecturée. Pour analyser la solution alternative proposée dans ces travaux, un modèle numérique par éléments finis a été développé afin de représenter au mieux les conditions physiologiques de trois phases masticatoires. Une étude comparative est réalisée entre la solution alternative et la solution conventionnelle avec comme référence la mandibule sans prothèse. Une étude de la tenue en service de la solution prothétique envisagée est également proposée. Les résultats montrent que la solution alternative permet de mieux préserver les mouvements naturels de la mandibule et améliorer ainsi la durabilité et la fonctionnalité de la prothèse en intégrant une approche biomimétique. Enfin, cette solution s'inscrit dans une démarche de traitement centré sur le patient et pourrait permettre de proposer une prothèse entièrement personnalisée, depuis le cabinet dentaire jusqu'au centre d'usinage.
Contribution of various host factors to resistance to experimentally induced bacterial endotoxemia in calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The reactions of 15 calves to iv administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide was investigated and was correlated with the capacity of 2 host defense mechanisms. The calves had a wide range of changes in clinical response, total wbc count, plasma lactate dehydoogeaaee ( ld ) activity, reaction to intradermally inoculated lipid A, and rectal temperature response. The early rectal temperature response of an individual calf was correlated with plasma ld activity, indicating a relationship between cell damage and fever. The concentration of antibody against lipid A at the time of lipopolysaccharide inoculation was negatively correlated with the rectal temperature changes recorded during endotoxemia, suggesting a protective ability of antibody. The capacity of a plasma inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-mediated clotting of limulus amebocyte lysate was correlated with increases in plasma ld activity. Therefore, antibody to lipid A probably is involved in protection of cattle during endotoxemia, but the plasma lipopolysaccharide inhibitor actually may potentiate lipopolysaccharide toxicity.
RGB-D semantic segmentation for intelligent weed control

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Im Ackerbau stellen Unkräuter eine bedeutende Herausforderung dar, da sie zu Ernteeinbußen führen können. Die bisherige Praxis, eine möglichst unkrautfreie Fläche zu erreichen, birgt jedoch verschiedene Probleme wie den Rückgang der Biodiversität und die Entstehung herbizidresistenter Unkräuter. Positive Effekte von Unkräutern sind die Förderung der Biodiversität und die Verringerung der Bodenerosion. Um eine gezielte Kontrolle von Unkräutern zu ermöglichen, sind Bildverarbeitungssysteme erforderlich, die in der Lage sind, zwischen schädlichen und nützlichen Pflanzenarten zu unterscheiden. Hierbei spielen Faktoren wie Interferenz und Schadschwellen eine entscheidende Rolle, die in die Bewertung durch die Bildverarbeitungssysteme einfließen. In dieser Arbeit wurden RGB-D-Bilddaten aus Feldversuchen erfasst und durch Annotationen für den Einsatz in maschinellen Lernalgorithmen vorbereitet. Zunächst wurde eine pixelbasierte Vegetationssegmentierung mithilfe von Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) durchgeführt, wobei eine Analyse verschiedener Modellierungsparameter erfolgte. Die Qualität der Modelle wurde maßgeblich von der Pflanzenbedeckung in den Trainingsdaten beeinflusst. Eine ausgewogene Verteilung von Pflanzen- und Bodenpixeln führte zu einer Genauigkeit von 79% (mean intersection over union) für RGB-Bilder, die insgesamt 11 verschiedene Pflanzenarten umfassten. Im nächsten Schritt wurde eine semantische Segmentierung von 17 Pflanzenarten unter Verwendung von Farb- (RGB) und Tiefeninformation (D) durchgeführt. Dabei kamen Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) zum Einsatz, die anhand von 1540 RGB-D-Bildern trainiert und an weiteren 1028 Bildern evaluiert wurden. Die besten Modelle erreichten eine Genauigkeit von 71% (mean intersection over union) bei einer Bildauflösung von 1600 × 1144 Pixeln. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Kombination von Farb- und Tiefeninformationen im Vergleich zu Modellen, die nur Farbinformationen nutzten, die Genauigkeit erhöhte.
“When I Don’t Have a Cigarette It’s Helpful, but It Really Don’t Satisfy:” Qualitative Study of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use among Low-Income Smokers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Little is known about the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among low-income adult cigarette smokers, who experience severe tobacco-related health disparities. Methods: This study conducted interviews to examine experiences and perceptions associated with ENDS use among predominantly low-income adult smokers (n = 30; mean age 30.2 ± 12.9; 60% male, 46.7% African American, 30% white, 10% more than one race; 76.7% annual household income ≤USD 24,000). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in NVivo 11. Results: Overall, participants reported complementing rather than substituting their smoking with ENDS use (e.g., using ENDS only when smoking is not allowed). Predominant reasons for vaping were convenience, smoking reduction/cessation, stress management, social acceptability, lower long-term costs than smoking, and appealing flavors. Common reasons for not switching to exclusive vaping were that ENDS did not satisfy cigarette cravings and concerns about ENDS health effects. Participants indicated higher likelihood of switching to exclusive ENDS use if the products were more affordable, perceived as substantially less harmful, tasted and felt more like smoking a cigarette, and more effective for reducing cravings. Conclusions: Continued research is needed to maximize any harm reduction potential of ENDS and ensure that these products do not contribute to worsening health disparities.
Emigration of neural crest cells from macaque optic vesicles is correlated with discontinuities in its basement membrane.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is established that cranial neural crest cells play critical roles in normal development, but the production of neural crest cells from the prosencephalon has received little attention, especially in primates. We therefore investigated the emigration into adjacent mesenchyme of neuroepithelial cells from macaque optic vesicles. Paraffin sections prepared from 13 embryos (Macaca fascicularis) representing developmental stages 10-14 were examined following standard immunoperoxidase staining for laminin and type IV collagen. At stage 10 the optic vesicle basement membrane was closely applied to that of the surface ectoderm except at its posterior border, where it contacted mesenchyme. The basement membrane was continuous and showed no evidence of cell migration. By stage 11 the optic vesicle basement membrane exhibited numerous gaps along its posterior border. These defects were frequently occupied by cells emigrating from the optic vesicle epithelium, as judged by the deflection of basement membrane fragments. Gaps were also seen along the lateral border, where migrating neuroepithelial cells were positioned between the surface ectoderm and optic vesicle. This cell migration appeared to increase during stage 12, with deterioration of all areas of the optic vesicle basement membrane. Basement membranes of the surface ectoderm, adjacent mesencephalon, and telencephalon anlage remained intact. By stage 13 the basement membranes of the optic vesicles were repaired and nearly continuous, with migrating cells rarely seen. Development of the optic cups at stage 14 indicated a near absence of basement membrane defects and emigrating cells.
ALTERATION IN MARRIAGE CRITERIA IN THREE GENERATIONS: THE PRESENTATION OF A PRIMARY GROUNDED MODEL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this survey is to look into the alteration of marriage cri- teria in three successive generations among the people of Kaboodan village in the city of Qaen. It seeks to investigate not only the changes in the criteria but also the reasons and causes of such alterations. The study is qualitative in nature in which extensive interviews and observing participants were used.
Use of a translocation and a recessive deleterious gene to retard population growth in Blattella germanica (L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Successive releases of male German cockroaches heterozygous for the translocation T(8;9) and the recessive deleterious gene sty were made into laboratory populations of Blattella germanica to study the effect of this genetic load on population growth. \n\nFive experimental populations and one control were followed by monthly census for eight months. Individual progeny groups were held in separate containers. Various aspects of reproductive behavior of different genotypes were evaluated in separate experiments including fecundity, competitiveness and assortative mating. Linkage between T(8;9) and sty was also measured. \n\nThe translocation T(8;9) and sty were successfully introduced into the experimental populations by the introduction of heterozygous males. Experimental populations were only 50% the size of the control at the F₁ generation and only 25% as large by the F₂ generation. At the F₃ generation, experimental populations were only 15.4% as large as the control. Cross connected contingency table analyses of population data showed a significant retardation of population growth from releases of T(8;9) sty males. T(8;9) provided a successful mechanism for driving the deleterious gene, sty, into the normal segment of the population. The frequency of sty/sty females in F₂ groups was predicted at 0.20. Observed frequencies approached the expected frequency at 0.11 to 0.22. This deleterious gene provided additional genetic load by reducing possible F₃ progeny by approximately 15%. Linkage tests of T(8;9) with sty showed cross-over frequencies of less than 1% for both males and females. \n\nResults were less than optimum due to the following: a possible reduction in competitiveness of released males; higher than expected fecundity in the sty· homozygote female; possible shift in the frequency of alternate disjunction in T(8;9) sty heterozygote males; possible assortative mating between non-translocation bearing wildtype males and T+/+sty females in the population as well as T+/+sty males and non-translocation bearing wild-type females; fewer T+/+sty males and more sty males released than planned due to phenotyping errors in larger releases. \n\nLaboratory studies of the reproductive behavior of three genotypes involved in the experimental populations evaluated competitiveness among males, initial productivity, maximum number of matings per male, and assessed the prospect of assortative mating among the genotypes. Competitiveness of the T+/+sty males in small number tests was consistently better than wild-type males but in later assessments by mass mating and population studies, they demonstrated equal competitiveness with wild-type males. A statistically significant tendency toward assortative mating between VPI wild-type males and T+/+sty females was observed. The feasibility of techniques for mass rearing of semi-sterile males for releases of up to 10,000 males per month was demonstrated.
Paleomagnetism of the Mt. Stuart Batholith Revisited Again: What Has Been Learned Since 1972?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We have collected 20 new paleomagnetic sites from the Mount Stuart batholith and the adjacent Beckler Peak stock. Using thermal and low-temperature demagnetization, and rockmagnetic tests, we have found that the remanence in most of the batholith is carried by single-domain magnetite. The mean of the new Mount Stuart batholith sites is D = 354.2°, I = 46.2°, k = 87.2, α95 = 4.6°, N = 11, and is similar to those of the Beck and Noson (1972) and Beck and others (1981) studies. Examination of Ar geochronology of hornblende and biotite from the Mt. Stuart batholith finds that the southern part of the batholith cooled through the blocking temperature of magnetite at 91 Ma. The northern part cooled through the blocking temperature of magnetite at 86 Ma, and of pyrrhotite at 83 Ma. From these combined results, we conclude that the paleomagnetic directions from the southern part of the batholith were acquired within 0.5 to 1.0 Ma of the time at which the AH barometers cooled below their closure temperature. Use of the AH barometry to establish paleohorizontal for these rocks is thus well justified. Correcting the Mt. Stuart direction for the tilt indicated by the AH barometry, the mean becomes D = 355.9°, I = 50.6°. This result places the Mount Stuart batholith at a latitude of 31.3° +3.8°/–3.4° N at 91 Ma. By identifying the carrier of remanence in the Mt. Stuart batholith as being SD magnetite, we have removed the major remaining uncertainty in interpreting the paleomagnetism of these rocks. The characteristic magnetization repeatedly found in the Mt. Stuart rocks clearly supports the microplate tectonic model of Beck and Noson (1972), presently manifest as the Baja BC hypothesis.
Fresh water higher fungi from Pune district (M.S., India) I: the mitosporic genus Xylomyces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present article deals with two species of the mitosporic genus Xylomyces Goos, RD. Brooks and Lamore viz., Xylomyces elegans Goh, W.H. Ho, K.D. Hyde & K.M. Tsui and Xylomyces pucillus Goh, WH. Ho, KD. Hyde & K.M. Tsui which were isolated from wood submerged in freshwater habitats. The later taxon forms a new report to the freshwater higher fungi of India. A key to the seven species in Xylomyces is provided.
Efektifitas penerapan LKS dengan pendekatan open ended untuk pembelajaran penguasaan konsep matematika

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p align="justify">This research is motivated by reasons of low mathematical reasoning and ability to solve mathematical problems. Learning is still centered on the teacher who only provides mathematical formulas without providing the concept of discovery and problem solving. The use of a learning approach that is not optimal. Mathematics is a subject that is difficult to solve the problem. Most teachers in elementary schools use student worksheets (LKS) in the learning process. The problem used in the student worksheet (LKS) is a closed problem. The unavailability of student worksheets developed based on an open-ended approach that emphasizes mastery of concepts and reasoning to solve problems. The research method is quantitative research in the form of experimental research with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Data collection techniques with tests. The research subjects were students at SDN 1 and SDN 2 Kebloran Rembang. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data analysis using the Paired Sample Test. Test the effectiveness of getting the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 &lt;0.05. The decision was that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted because Sig. (2-tailed) &lt; 0.05 and t count &gt; t table. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference between the group and the experimental group, which shows a significant increase in students' mastery of mathematical concepts from the Development of Student Worksheets with the Open Ended approach.</p>
Transport and fusion of Majorana zero modes in the presence of nonadiabatic transitions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We perform simulations for transport and nontrivial fusion of Majorana zero modes in topological superconducting quantum wires. We uncover interesting behaviors of nonadiabatic transition associated with the transport through mini-gate-controlled multiple-segments modulations. Owing to breaking of the initial fermion parity induced by nonadiabatic transitions, a deviation from the statistics of outcomes of nontrivial fusion arises and is analyzed. Moreover, we develop a measurement scheme to infer the amount of fermion parity breaking and nonadiabatic transition probability to excited states, based on the characteristic spectrum of measurement current by a quantum-point-contact detector, by measurement of the charge occupation dynamics in a fusion-outcome-probing quantum dot.
Anomalous Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline\nγ‑Phase Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Enabled by Long-Lived\nDefect Trap States

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Semiconductor\nphotocatalysis has emerged as an efficient and sustainable\nadvanced oxidation process for wastewater treatment and other environmental\nremediation and forms the basis for water splitting and solar-to-fuel\nconversion. Nanocrystalline metal oxides are particularly promising\nphotocatalysts because of their efficiency, stability, and low toxicity.\nHowever, the influence of the crystal structure and defects on the\nphotocatalytic activity of these polymorphic materials is still poorly\nunderstood. In this work we investigated the structural dependence\nof the photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. We demonstrate that metastable cubic-phase γ-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> prepared from colloidal nanocrystals exhibits\nan anomalously high photocatalytic activity, which rapidly decreases\nupon thermally induced transformation to monoclinic β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence\nmeasurements we showed that the reduction in photocatalytic activity\nupon annealing is accompanied by a decrease in native defect (i.e.,\noxygen vacancy) concentration and interactions. Trapping charge carriers\nin defect-induced states in γ-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals\nresults in a reduced rate of charge recombination and enhanced interfacial\ncharge transfer, which has been unambiguously confirmed by comparative\nmeasurements using In<sup>3+</sup>-doped Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. These phenomena are enabled by the unique character of defect states\nin γ-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals which have much\nlonger lifetime than typical metal oxide surface states. Using various\nscavengers, we demonstrated that reactive radicals (OH<sup>•</sup> and O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup>) formed by photogenerated charge carriers play a key role in the\nmechanism of photocatalytic degradation by Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The results of this work demonstrate how manipulation of the location\nand electronic structure of defect sites in nanostructured metal oxides\ncan be effectively used to control charge carrier separation and enhance\nphotocatalytic activity, without a detriment to high surface-to-volume\nratio.
Optical Absorption and Luminescence Spectra of Terbium Gallium Garnet TbGaG and Terbium Aluminum Garnet TbAlG

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the optical absorption and luminescence spectra of rare-earth garnets activated by the terbium (Tb3+) ion, as well as their magneto-optical properties. Crystals of terbium gallium garnet (TbGaG) and terbium aluminum garnet (TbAlG) are considered. The focus is on the physical and optical properties and structural features of the energy levels of rare-earth ions in the crystal field of garnets. This work highlights the importance of studying intraconfigurational 4f-4f and interconfigurational 4f-5d transitions, as well as the influence of the crystal field on the magnetic and optical properties of materials. Integrated methods are used, including absorption spectroscopy, luminescence and magneto-optical studies, which allows us to obtain detailed information on the excited states of rare-earth ions. The experimental results show the presence of significant Zeeman shifts, as well as anisotropy of the absorption and luminescence spectra, depending on the orientation of the crystal lattice and the external magnetic field. This work contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of light absorption and emission in rare-earth garnets, which may facilitate the development of new optoelectronic devices based on them.