jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Preference of Tattoo patterns of Women in their 20s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently, tattoos are becoming fashionable for sports stars, entertainers, and younger generations. As the desire to express their individuality and presence is steadily increasing, interest in tattoos is also growing. After reviewing the origins and the definition of tattoos and the patterns, a survey on the preferences of tattoo patterns of women in their twenties residing in Gwangju was perfomred from June 10, 2020 to June 15, 2020, The most preferred pattern was an artificial pattern (30.2%). Among animal patterns, butterflies were common (41.5%); among natural patterns, star patterns (39.6%) predominated; among artificial patterns, crown patterns (37.3%) were the most used. Among plant patterns, roses were common (46.2%); among geometric patterns, heart patterns (43.4%) held the largest portion; among complex patterns, flower + text (36%) was common; and among character (person) patterns, the angel pattern (27.5%) was preferred. This paper aims to be used as basic data for the expansion and development of the domestic tattoo industry in the future.
Papal eye on the sky

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

At the Vatican Observatory, a small team of researchers are watching the heavens. Seven astronomers, two historians of science and one mathematician – all Jesuits – work on the evolution of celestial bodies, spectral studies for star classification and the history of science. A further ten constant collaborators complete the team of religious men. Although the Specola Vaticana team is small, it carries out an extensive range of work. Moreover, its research is well regarded by others, according to Christopher Corbally vice director of the observatory.
Tracing the origins of permitted emission lines in RU Lupi down to AU scales

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Most of the observed emission lines and continuum excess from young accreting low mass stars (Classical T Tauri stars -- CTTSs) take place in the star-disk or inner disk region. These regions have a complex emission topology still largely unknown. In this paper the magnetospheric accretion and inner wind contributions to the observed permitted He and H near infrared (NIR) lines of the bright southern CTTS RU Lupi are investigated for the first time. Previous optical observations of RU Lupi showed a large H-alpha profile, due to the emission from a wind in the line wings, and a micro-jet detected in forbidden lines. We extend this analysis to NIR lines through seeing-limited high spectral resolution spectra taken with VLT/ISAAC, and adaptive optics (AO) aided narrow-band imaging and low spectral resolution spectroscopy with VLT/NACO. Using spectro-astrometric analysis we investigate the presence of extended emission down to very low spatial scales (a few AU). The HeI 10830 line presents a P Cygni profile whose absorption feature indicates the presence of an inner stellar wind. Moreover the spectro-astrometric analysis evidences the presence of an extended emission superimposed to the absorption feature and likely coming from the micro-jet detected in the optical. On the contrary, the origin of the Hydrogen Paschen and Brackett lines is difficult to address. We tried tentatively to explain the observed line profiles and flux ratios with both accretion and wind models showing the limits of both approaches. The lack of spectro-astrometric signal indicates that the HI emission is either compact or symmetric. Our analysis confirms the sensitivity of the HeI line to the presence of faint extended emission regions in the close proximity of the star.
• Binding Essential Steps For Botulinum Neurotoxin Action

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

• Essential steps of botulinum neurotoxin mechanism • Literature review • Current status Currently, a cell-based assay is not available for botulinum toxin-based product release ICCVAM/NICEATM/ECVAM Workshop 3B, 13 November 2006 2Objective: Replacement • Cell-based potency assay for botulinum toxin-based product release • Potency assessment in vitro corresponding with approved in vivo assay • Amenable for use by release QC laboratory and regulatory agency laboratories • Meets global regulatory requirements for replacement
Evaluation of Baoji Eco-city Construction

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the theories of eco-city and different scholars′ research,this paper followed the eco-city evaluation index selection principle,and local actual situation,from the economic,social and natural established Baoji three aspects of eco-city construction evaluation index system.By using entropy weight method to determine the weights of evaluation indexes,the pollution of eco-city construction in recent years were on the brief evaluation.The result showed that from 2004 to 2008,the ecological city construction was very successful,but in concentrating on the construction of ecological environment at the same time,ignoring a city′s economic construction,making the economy structure began to appear unreasonable crisis,the proposal to build ecological city in Baoji more at the same time to concentrate on the strength of the economy construction,in order to reach natural,economic and social harmonious development purposes.
Calcifying Dental Plaque and Reduced Dental Caries in Permanent Molars of Children from Two Guatemalan Villages

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study showed that the presence of calculus and partially calcified dental plaque was associated with a reduction of dental caries of the buccal and lingual surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary first permanent molars in young Guatemalan school-children. Calcified plaques in these areas probably arose from high calcium-containing food deposits.
Estimation of Radon Flux Density Changes Using Mathematical α-Model Before and After a Strong Earthquake in Kamchatka

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Using data of radon accumulation in a chamber with excess volume at one of the points of the Kamchatka subsurface gas monitoring network, the change of radon flux density due to seismic waves and post-seismic relaxation of the medium is shown. Data in the temporal vicinity of a strong earthquake with Mw=7.0, which occurred in the northern part of the Avacha Gulf on 17 August 2024, were used. The study was carried out using methods of mathematical modeling and inverse problem solving. The change in the intensity of radon transport due to changes in the state of the geo-medium is described using the fractional difference operator of constant real order α. As a result of modeling it is shown that strong seismic impact and subsequent processes in the earth crust led to the change of radon flux in the accumulation chamber. The optimal values of the model parameters were determined, which allowed solving the problems of radon flux density determination. An hereditary mathematical model based on fractional derivative has been applied for the first time to estimate the change of radon flux density under the change of stress-strain state of the medium under strong earthquake conditions. The obtained model curves are in good agreement with real data.
Estudio comparado de la regulación del Lobbying: Reino Unido, Francia y la Unión Europea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study seeks to describe lobbying regulations through a comparative study of three legal systems, concretely of the UK, France and the EU. Design/methodology: The research technique is qualitative as it explains this process from the definition, characterisation and regulation of lobbies in the EU, France and the UK, seeking a broad understanding of the influence exerted by lobbies. The research was carried out following the premises of the comparative method for research through which a contrast was made between the policies of regulation and transparency and the policies influencing the Community institutions and the institutions of France and the United Kingdom through lobbies, thus observing their characteristics, the applicable regulations valid for the three legal systems, identifying common points, similarities and differences. Findings: There is no homogeneous framework for evaluation or subjection that is not susceptible to violation by lobbies, just as there is no single framework in the two countries analysed. These are innovative mechanisms for regulating the lobbying profession. Research limitations/implications: To select among the extensive existing bibliography the one that deals specifically with the notion of lobbies in the EU, in France and in the United Kingdom, since the literature on the subject is extensive, but they are joint studies that save without deepening the object of this study: the comparison of the regulation of lobbying in different legal frameworks. Three different legal systems make lobbies act differently adapting to the regulations in force in each country. Originality/value: This unpublished and original research aims to share with the academic community the study and comparison of the regulation of lobbying according to different legal frameworks, contributing to visualize a legitimately recognized profession, but seen as an opaque activity...
Chemically Controlled Epigenome Editing through an Inducible dCas9 System

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although histone modifications are associated with gene activities, studies of their causal relationships have been difficult. For this purpose, we developed an inducible system integrating dCas9-based targeting and chemically induced proximity technologies to allow small molecule induced recruitment of P300 acetyltransferase and the acetylation of H3K27 at precise gene loci in cells. Employing the new technique, we elucidated the temporal order of histone acetylation and gene activation, as well as the stability of the installed histone modification.
Some analysis on visibility from driver seat

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many experimental surveys allow to know driver's behaviour. This latter is conditioned both by the psychophysical state and by the road environment. Several studies have been conducted on the interaction between drivers and the environment, as well as other studies have examined some psychological aspects of the driver behaviour. The road vehicles have been improved over time and the manufacturers have adapted the car structural safety features to the current needs of people's safety. Some accidents are caused by blind spots due to vertical structural elements of the passenger compartment. This work tries to highlight how these elements are an obstacle to the conditions of frontal visibility from the driving seat, and how are an implicit problem for the safety. It was decided to investigate the possibilities of free vision for a sample of about 500 cars produced between the year 2007 and year 2016 and marketed in Italy. The cars analysed were divided into displacement classes and for each class the clear and blind viewing angles from the driving seat were determined: in the direction of travel, to right and to left. The displacement classes of the cars investigated were weighted based on the real presence in the Italian vehicle fleet. Over time there have been a decrease in the free angle on the driver's left and an increase in the free angle to the driver's right due to changes in the pillars and the size of the windscreen. The results were used to check some typical driving situations about at-grade intersections, to verify the actual safety conditions and to show which type of rule is more suitable for the different intersection angle of the roads.
Optimization of RPMI 2650 Cells as a Model for Nasal Mucosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the past few years, a human nasal epithelial cell line derived from septum carcinoma (RPMI 2650) has been proposed as a potential in vitro model for screening nasally delivered drugs [13]. However, these studies have left some unanswered questions in terms of the validation of the in vitro model. In particular, no clear agreement was found with respect to several parameters, such as the seeding density, the time for switching cell culture from Liquid Covered Culture (LCC) to air liquid interface (ALI) conditions, or the day at which cell cultures have to be used for transport experiments, when these cells are cultured in vitro. Hence, the aim of this study was to expand on the previous in vitro cell models to better define the fundamental parameters to be used as a tool for studying drug deposition and transport through the nasal mucosa.
The economics of independent living

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

People with disabilities are routinely denied the exercise of choice in their daily lives. There are strong efficiency arguments for the promotion of greater choice and autonomy for disabled people. There are equally strong moral arguments for an investment in the capabilities of disabled people to allow them to participate in both the educational system and the labour market. This investment will not come cheaply nor will the pay-off always be of such magnitude to justify the expenditure on narrow cost-benefit criteria. Those who value efficiency above everything else must, however, set out the system of justice implied by such a choice. The conclusions of a narrow efficiency argument may turn out to be unacceptable to the majority of citizens. Likewise, however, those who value equity at all costs must consider the implications of their approach for individual freedom, economic growth and technical efficiency. This paper is an attempt to explore the meaning of efficiency and equity in the context of independent-living programmes for people with disabilities.
The study of the BS meson at Delphi

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the Z 0 hadronic decays a sizeable fraction of BS meson is produced. Various methods used in the study of BS meson properties are described, including the DS -lepton correlation, the study of inclusive DS production and the exclusive reconstruction of BS decays. The results presented are the first evidences of BS production based on 1991 data, the measurement of the BS mass, m (BS ) = 5374 ± 16 ± 2 MeV, and the BS lifetime, τ(BS ) = 1.11±0.27 ± 0.17ps.
The Clinical Discussion on the Relation Between Body Tender Point and Point

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tender points of the specific places of body are relative to point. These places are mostly located on the areas of muscle tendon fasciae that adhere to bone joints. The areas are corresponding to the function regulation areas of peripheral angioneurotic mechanism of muscular movement. They react sensitively to internal and external cause of body. Stress and following bacteria-free inflammation occur easily.
Interactions among breed, farm intensiveness and cow productivity on predicted enteric methane emissions at the population level

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The milk Fourier-transform infra-red spectrometry (FTIRS) can be used to predict the enteric methane emissions (EME) at population level. In this study, the variability in FTIRS predicted EME traits due to the breed of cow, farm, the production level of individual cows within herds, and their interactions were evaluated. A dataset obtained from milk recordings, which covered four breeds (Holstein, Brown Swiss, Simmental and Alpine Grey), 6,430 herds, 115,819 cows, and 1,759,706 test-day milk/spectra records was used. The herds were stratified into 5 production levels considering their average daily milk energy production; individual cows within herd were similarly stratified considering their individual production levels. The EME traits were predicted directly from milk FTIR spectra or indirectly from six informative milk FA predicted from milk spectra. The statistical model included, separately for each trait and method, breed, herd intensiveness level, cow production level, and their interactions, year, month, parity, and lactation stage. The direct and indirect methods yielded similar results in predicting CH4 yield per kg of DMI and CH4 intensity per kg of fat-protein corrected milk. The indirect method was reliable in predicting daily EME production per cow, the indirect one did not. EME was affected by the breed x herd production intensiveness interaction, and to a lesser degree, by the breed x cow production level interaction. A better understanding of the complex interactions influencing EME in dairy herds was achieved. This would be useful for the genetic improvement, the environmental certification of farms, and for setting prices in milk payment schemes.HIGHLIGHTS Causes of variation of the FTIR predicted EME were studied at population level using data from 6,430 herds and 1,759,706 milk spectra records Reliable daily EME estimates were achieved from 6 six informative fatty acids predicted from milk spectra EME was influenced by the interaction breed × level of herd intensiveness and, to a lesser extent, by the individual production level
599. Deep Informatics Utilized to Design MiniPromoters for Driving PAX6-Like Retinal Expression with AAV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Gene-based therapies are making a comeback, as evidenced by the clinical success of Glybera, rAAV2. RPE65, and rAAV2. REP1. These therapies utilize ubiquitous promoters, however future gene therapies may benefit from promoters that can direct tissue- and cell-type specific expression. Capturing the expression of a human gene in a promoter small enough to use in AAV is challenging. Paired box six (PAX6) encodes a transcription factor with a complex and potentially therapeutically-useful retinal-expression pattern. Also, PAX6 has several previously published discrete regulatory regions (RRs), and therefore may contain modular regulation suitable for MiniPromoter design. Finally, mutations in PAX6 cause the vision-loss disorder aniridia, and a MiniPromoter capable of recapitulating the expression of PAX6 would be a useful tool for an aniridia gene therapy. Methods: PAX6 RRs were predicted using Hi-C, UCSC Genes, CAGE, 100 vertebrate phastCons, transcription factor binding site (TFBS), Segway and ChromHMM data. MiniPromoters were cloned into AAV genomes containing an emGFP reporter and WPRE, packaged into AAV2(Y272F, Y444F, Y500F, Y730F, T491V), and administered to postnatal day 14 mice by intravitreal injection. Ocular tissue was collected 30 days after injection, emGFP expression was evaluated by epifluorescent imaging of mouse retinas, and staining with antibodies against PAX6, Brn3a, syntaxin, and calbindin. MiniPromoters driving PAX6-like expression were examined for unique TFBSs using oPOSSUM 3. Results: A PAX6 containing highly interactive domain was revealed within which most previously published PAX6 RRs are located. Within this domain, 31 RRs were bioinformatically predicted, nine of which were selected to construct seven MiniPromoters. Of these MiniPromoters, two did not drive interesting emGFP expression in the retina, and five drove expression in the two retinal layers that express PAX6 (ganglion cell and inner nuclear). Twenty-one TFBSs were found to be unique to these MiniPromoters. Interestingly, one of the five (Ple255) not only drives expression in the same cell layers that express PAX6, but also in all the same cell types (ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal). Conclusions: Bioinformatic approaches can be used to design MiniPromoters capturing the endogenous expression pattern of a gene for a specific tissue. The resulting MiniPromoters may be important tools for future retinal gene therapy, with Ple255 being especially applicable to gene therapy for aniridia.
The ‘conceit of controllability’: nuclear diplomacy, Japan’s plutonium reprocessing ambitions and US proliferation fears, 1974-1978

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

US-Japanese nuclear diplomacy on plutonium reprocessing was a means by which both attempted to assert control. For Japan, this meant control over its energy supplies and the status associated with advanced nuclear power technology. Japan had emerged as an economic giant but had accepted a diminution in status by adhering to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and was determined not to have its access to cutting edge nuclear power technology curtailed. The US sought to control the spread of a technology which would produce plutonium and consequently, it was feared, increase the chances of weapons proliferation. Washington’s diplomatic gambit, the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, attempted to use ‘neutral’ science for political ends. However, Tokyo was able to ally with partners to frustrate Washington’s ambitions. In the long-term Japan did not score a victory since the hopes of reprocessing were not realized. Ultimately, neither was able to assert control.
A Kinect Corpus of Swedish Sign Language Signs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We describe a corpus of Swedish sign language signs, recorded for the purpose of an educational “signing game”. The primary target group of the game is children with communicative disabilities, and the goal is to offer a playful and interactive way of learning and practicing sign language signs to these children, as well as to their friends and family. As a first step, a dataset consisting of 51 signs has been recorded for a total of 10 adult signers. The signers performed all of the signs five times and were captured with an RGB-D (Microsoft Kinect) sensor, via a purpose-built recording application.