jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Observations on the development of Mycorrhiza in Chir Pine seedlings of different provenances

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A quantitative and qualitative assessment of mycorrhiza development was made in uninoculated seedling stock of Pinus roxburghii raised from seeds of twenty provenances. Significant differences were observed in mycorrhiza formation by indigenous mycorrhizal fungi representing seven distinct groups of provenances. Kuthnoor, Dharashu, Deha and Dibkhan provenances form a separate group which shows significantly higher values for short root formation, mycorrhizal roots and per cent mycorrhizal roots per plant in relation to group of Dharmshala, Bhader Kali, Mashobra, Neri Nissoo and Chabal Ki Dhar provenances which show significantly lower values for all the three parameters. Six forms of mycorrhizae were observed out of which one, light to dark brown, smooth form was predominant in association with thirteen provenances followed by smooth, brown, loose hyphal and yellow to sepia in groups of seven, six and five provenances, whereas others were restricted to one and two provenances.
Cancer and Date of Birth

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Attention allows us to focus sensory processing on behaviorally relevant aspects of the visual world. Directing attention has been associated with a number of changes in sensory representation including multiplicative gain as well as shifts in the size and location of neuron receptive fields in early visual cortex. But, which, if any, of these physiological effects can account for the behavioral benefits of attention? Here we use a large scale computational model of primate visual cortex to perform a set of experiments in which we decouple changes in spatial tuning from changes in gain. We show that increased gain at cued locations in a neural network observer model mimics the improvement of human subjects on an attentional task with a spatial cue. Increasing gain resulted in changes in receptive field size and location similar to physiological effects, yet when we forced the model to use only these spatial tuning changes the model failed to produce any behavioral benefit. Instead, we found that gain alone was both necessary and sufficient to explain behavioral improvement during attention. Our results suggest that receptive field shifts are a result of the signal gain that boosts behavioral performance rather than the core mechanism of spatial attention.
A Comparison of The Floras of Bashilazi Reserve and Adjacent Mountains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To investigated the vascular floristic characteristics of Baishilazi Natural Reserve in China,we conducted plot survey,diversity index,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Our results showed that:(1)1 056 species of vascular plants(442 genera,114 families) were recorded in Baishilazi.It is abundant of species and notable in dominant family and genus phenomenon.The flora is ancient and has not obvious phenomenon of endemic species.The dominance of temperate elements is obvious and tropical elements are less.(2)Compared with adjacent mountains,floristic Shannon-Wiener index are obvious differences,while simpson index are not.Shannon-Wiener index of Mt.Tai and Mt.Culai are quite high,while the others are not.(3)According to the relativity of flora from different mountains,their correlation is significant at the 0.01 level,and the coefficients are between 0.835 and 0.994.Cluster analysis deduces that boundary of Changbai flora and Huabei flora is located between Baishalazi and Fenghuang Mountain.Vegetation should be protcted in order to make a good habitat environment for sustainable development and region ecological security.
Network Economies for the Internet

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. The Editorial Board found that substantial portions of the text came from other published papers. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Modern Economy treats all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.3 No.4 408-423, 2012, has been removed from this site.
[Diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency with fluorescein dilaurate in patients with cystic fibrosis (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The tubeless pancreas-function test with fluorescein dilaurate, which is based on the saponification of the test substance by pancreas-specific arylesterases, and which has proved itself in adults, was given to children for the first time. After reduction of the size of the test dose and the amount of liquid to be drunk, there were no difficulties in carrying out the test. Elimination of the fluorescein released from the flourescein dilaurate and excreted via the kidneys was clearly less in patients with cystic fibrosis than in normal subjects. Thus, the test in its modified form for children can provide adequate differentiation between normal and pathological pancreas function.
Readers: What Do You Think about theAmerican Archivist?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

arly in 2010, the American Archivist Editorial Board will send you a survey asking for your opinions about the American Archivist and its role in your K ? professional development. As the journal of record for the Society of American Archivists (SAA), the American Archivist provides a formal and persis tent platform for thoughtful writing on trends and issues in archival theory and practice, both in the United States and abroad, through peer-reviewed research articles, case studies, in-depth perspectives, and reviews of recent books, web sites, and exhibitions. With the transformation of the American Archivist into an electronic publication, it is time to re-envision the focus and function of the journal. The journal is a principal benefit of membership and must therefore be relevant, meaningful, stimulating, and provocative. The American Archivist Editorial Board has no mechanism for readers to
Stability of the Industrial Reference Standard of Tuberculosis Vaccine (BCG)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The industrial reference standard of tuberculosis (BCG) vaccine (IRS), certified and registered by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (OSO 42-28-420), is used as a reference product in quality control of tuberculosis vaccines BCG and BCG-M. The IRS is a useful means of quality control of these products, as the stability of its proper ties helps to minimise errors during quality evaluation. The shelf life of the BCG vaccine IRS is not more than 2 years if stored at 2–8 °C. It is likely that a vaccine batch could be used as the IRS for a longer period of time. The literature data suggest that the shelf life of a BCG vaccine can be prolonged if it is stored at low temperatures. However, due to significant phenotypic and genotypic differences between BCG sub-strains, the extrapolation of these data to the vaccine produced from the Russian Mycobacterium bovis BCG-I sub-strain requires appropriate testing. The aim of the study was to analyse the possibility of increasing the shelf life of the tuberculosis vaccine IRS by changing the storage temperature. Materials and methods: the effect of low temperatures on the stability of OSO 42-28-420 was studied in commercial batches of tuberculosis vaccine which met all the quality requirements for candidate IRSs. Samples from 6 IRS batches produced from 2014 through 2019 were stored at –(20 ± 1) °С. The stability of their quality characteristics, namely “Specific activity (viability)”, “Total bacterial count”, and “Dispersibility”, was monitored according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The obtained data were evaluated relative to the baseline data obtained during certification of each batch. Results: it was demonstrated that there was more than 95 percent probability that the tested parameters would not differ from the initial data if OSO 42-28-420 samples were stored at a low temperature for 5 years. Conclusions: the results obtained support the prolongation of the OSO 42-28-420 shelf life up to 4 years under the recommended storage conditions at –(20 ± 1) °С.
Utilizing Accelerated Rehabilitation Nursing in Restoring Intestinal Function Following Cytoreductive Surgery for Gynecologic Ovarian Cancer.

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Implementing accelerated recovery nursing demonstrates a notable reduction in postoperative complication rates among surgical patients, concurrently fostering an expedited recovery process and heightened patient satisfaction. The provision of comprehensive nursing attention and guidance throughout the perioperative continuum emerges as indispensable for optimizing patient recovery outcomes.
Rat and human polymorphonuclear leukocyte derived lymphocyte stimulatory factors.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The kinetic release of lymphocyte activating factors by inflammatory rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into culture fluid was studied. PMNs, collected from the pleural cavity of rats 4 hours after injection of either calcium pyrophosphate (CaPP) or normal plasma, released into the supernatant culture fluid, factors which enhanced the phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferative response of normal lymph node cells or thymocytes, the optimal culture time being 24 hours. A major portion of these lymphocyte activating factors was found in the ultrafiltrates (less than 10,000 daltons) of PMN supernatants. The activities in both unfractionated supernatant and the ultrafiltrate were significantly enhanced if PMNs were exposed to Concanavalin A (Con A) or inflammatory exudate prior to supernatant production. Also, these were not species specific as rat PMN supernatant can stimulate the phytohaemagglutinin-induced response of human lymphocytes and, conversely, human PMN factors can stimulate rat thymocytes.
Bevacizumab plus temsirolimus as second-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e14567 Background: The mTOR pathway has a central role in HCC not only in the tumor growth but also in the insulin driven hepatocarcinogenesis and is reported activated in 40-50% of HCC patients. Temsirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor with proven efficacy in renal cell carcinoma. The angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab has shown promising activity in HCC. Sorafenib represents the only drug with proven efficacy in HCC but currently there is no standard 2nd line treatment for patients who progress on sorafenib. Therefore, we performed a phase II study to determine the activity of a bevacizumab plus temsirolimus combination in second-line HCC. Methods: Patients who had progressed on sorafenib were eligible. Other eligibility criteria included ECOG PS 0-2 and Child- Pugh score A. The combination consisted of bevacizumab 10 mg/Kg plus temsirolimus 25 mg (total dose) given i.v. biweekly. After the enrolment of the 1/3 of the preplanned 40 patients (n=13) an interim analysis had to be performed to evaluate biologic activity. Biologic activity was defined either as a partial response by RECIST criteria or a > 50% decline in AFP in at least 2 of 13 patients. An expanded panel of possible biomarkers of response including VEGF, HGF, FGFb, TSP-1 and others, were measured at baseline. Results: The median age of the first 13 patients was 67 years (53-79 years) . The patients performace status was 0 (n=3), 1 (n=4) and 2 (n=6) and 11 of 13 patients had extrahepatic disease. Four patients had radiographic partial responses and five patients had > 50% reduction in AFP. Seven patients (53,8%) showed bioactivity. It is of note that two of them experiencing durable and long lasting partial remissions of 20 and 16 months respectively are still on treatment. One patient developed reversible posterior leycoencephalopathy syndrome (Grade 4 ) and one grade 4 hypertension. Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicities included hyperglycemia (n=3), hyperlipidemia (n=2), diarrhea (n=2) and infection (n=2). Conclusions: The combination of bevacizumab plus temsirolimus is well tolerated with encouraging activity. The study's preplanned criteria for activity have been met and the study continues accrual.
Environmental Policy in Vertical Markets with Downstream Pollution: Taxes Versus Standards

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the performance of two environmental regulation policies – emission taxes and absolute standards – in a vertical market where an upstream foreign monopolist sells a specific input to two downstream multiproduct firms that generate pollution in the domestic country. Specifically, we use a three-stage game to analyze and compare the two policies for regulating downstream pollution. In the first stage, the domestic government determines an optimal tariff and sets one of the two instruments (taxes or standards) by maximizing social welfare, in stage two, the upstream foreign monopoly sets its input price, and finally, the downstream domestic firms independently make their output and abatement decisions for profit maximization. We find that total emissions are lower under the absolute standard. Nevertheless, the tax dominates the standard in terms of domestic welfare, consumer surplus, and downstream multiproduct firms’ profits. Thus, the tax equilibrium leads to a win-win-win situation compared to the standard equilibrium. These results show the non-equivalence of emission taxes and absolute standards in regulating downstream pollution. The analyses suggest that a pollution tax is an economically and politically feasible policy.
Verification of animal species in ham and salami by DNA microarray and Real time PCR methods

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Consumer protection and detecting of adulteration is very important and has a wide societal impact in the economic sphere. Detection of animal species in meat products and the use of combining different methods is one of the means to achieve relevant product status. The aim of this study was to reveal whether or not the products label clearly meets the content declared by producer. In our study, 29 samples of meat products such as salami and ham obtained from stores and supermarkets in Slovakia were analyzed to detect the existing animal species according to the product label the use of Chipron LCD Array Analysis System, Meat 5.0. Products in which the presence of non-declared animal species has been detected were subjected to testing by the innuDETECT PCR Real-Time Kit, repeatedly. The results showed that 20 (68.96%) samples were improperly labeled. From in total 14 tested ham samples 11 (78.57%) products exhibited non-conformity with declared composition. Tested salami samples (15) revealed 9 (60%) incorrectly labelled products. The results obtained by DNA Microarray and Real Time PCR methods were identical, and both methods should be extensively promoted for the detection of animal species in the meat and meat products.
Characterizing Markets for Biopharmaceutical Innovations: Do Biologics Differ from Small Molecules?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Much has been written about the seemingly less formal, more agile biotechnology industry and its extensive interactions with academia and startups, as well as its distinct scientific, manufacturing and regulatory profile.Employing a data base encompassing all 96 biologics and 212 small molecules newly launched in the U.S. between 1998Q1 and 2008Q4, we compare their downstream clinical and commercial characteristics --therapeutic class concentration, launch delays following approval, Orphan Drug and priority review status, supplemental indications, black box warning and safety record, and pricing and revenue growth during the product life cycle.We conclude that the market dynamics of biologics differ substantially from those of small molecules, although therapeutic class composition plays a major role.
Configural Olfactory Learning in Honeybees: Negative and Positive Patterning Discrimination

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In an appetitive context, honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) learn to associate odors with a reward of sucrose solution. If an odor is presented immediately before the sucrose, an elemental association is formed that enables the odor to release the proboscis extension response (PER). Olfactory conditioning of PER was used to study whether, beyond elemental associations, honeybees are able to process configural associations. Bees were trained in a positive and anegative patterning discrimination problem. In the first problem, single odorants were nonreinforced whereas the compound was reinforced. In the second problem, single odorants were reinforced whereas the compound was nonreinforced. We studied whether bees can solve these problems and whether the ratio between the number of presentations of the reinforced stimuli and the number of presentations of the nonreinforced stimuli affects discrimination. Honeybees differentiated reinforced and nonreinforced stimuli in positive and negative patterning discriminations. They thus can process configural associations. The variation of the ratio of reinforced to nonreinforced stimuli modulated the amount of differentiation. The assignment of singular codes to complex odor blends could be implemented at the neural level: When bees are stimulated with odor mixtures, the activation patterns evoked at the primary olfactory neuropile, the antennal lobe, may be combinations of the single odorant responses that are not necessarily fully additive.
Some global in time results for integrodifferential parabolic inverse problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we discuss some strategies we can use in the study of parabolic integrodifferential inverse problems. The choice of the strategy depends on what type of nonlinearities are involved. We consider the heat equation for materials with memory since it is one of the most important physical examples to which our methods apply. Other models, for instance in the theory of population dynamics, can also be considered within our framework. We recall, for the sake of completeness, the heat equation for materials with memory. Let Ω be an open and bounded set in R3 and T be a positive real number. The evolution equation for the temperature u is given, for (t, x) ∈ [0, T ]× Ω, byDtu(t, x) = k∆u(t, x) + ∫ t 0h(t− s)∆u(s, x) ds+ F (u(t, x)), (1.1)where k is the diffusivity coefficient, h accounts for the memory effects and F is the heat source. In the inverse problem we consider, besides the temperature u, also h as a further unknown, and to determine it we add an additional measurement on u represented in integral form by∫φ(x)u(t, x) dx = G(t), ∀t ∈ [0, T ], (1.2)where φ and G are given functions representing the type of device used to measure u (on a suitable part of the body Ω) and the result of the measurement, respectively. We associate with (1.1)–(1.2) the initial-boundary conditions, for example of Neumann type:{u(0, x) = u0(x), x ∈ Ω, Dνu(t, x) = 0, (t, x) ∈ [0, T ]× ∂Ω,(1.3)ν denoting the outward normal unit vector. So one of the problems we are going to investigate is the following.
3D furlike texture generation by a 2D autoregressive synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a texture model that allows a two dimensional synthesis of 3D furlike texture. \nThe model is based on the modelling of the texture autocorrelation function (ACF) and a two \ndimensional AutoRegressive synthesis (2D AR). We consider that the appearance of a furlike \ntexture is defined by two characteristics, the orientation and the length of each individual element \n(i.e. filament). The values of these characteristics are constant in a stationary texture. The AR \nsynthesis model of a given texture is defined by a number of parameters which can be computed \nfrom the texture ACF. Therefore\t we have built a mathematical model of the ACF with respect \nto orientation and length. The model obtained consists of an analytical expression of ACF with \nrespect to orientation. For the length\t we have used a lookup table. Indeed\t the ACF expression \nincludes some parameters which are numerically estimated for several values of length. This allows \nto build a lookup table indexed by length and containing at each entry a set of ACF parameters. \nIn this way a furlike texture synthesis based on this table can be implemented. We show that \nwith an appropriate choice of other parameters of the AR synthesis\t this approach yields satisfying \nresults\t essentially for the simulation of fur appearance on 3D surfaces.
Could Int-8 Receptors and VEGF be Considered as Potential Prognostic Markers in OSCC?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of clinicopathological factors and the up-regulation of Int-8 receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Clinical data (age, gender, size of the tumor, location of the tumor, lymph nodes status,..) were collected from 20 patients with OSCC, tabulated and statistically analyzed (SPSS17). Immunohistochemical stainings of Int-8 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2 (united states biological, United Bio, USA) and VEGF (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) were done. Results: Our immunohistochemical study demonstrated: 1) expression of Int-8 receptors in all cases of OSCC with variable intensities, 2) high-level staining of VEGF In poorly differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. Significant correlation was observed between immunohistochemical expression of Int-8 receptors, VEGF and histologic differentiation and clinical stages (Analysis of variance ANOVA, P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the reactivity to Int-8 receptors observed in OSCC cases could be used as a parameter for tumor aggressiveness and as potential prognostic marker. Also, up-regulation of VEGF may play a role in the angiogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
A case-control study of liver cancer among Koreans in Japan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

在日韓国・朝鮮人の肝癌とB型肝炎ウイルス(HBV),飲酒,喫煙との関連を明らかにするため,症例-対照研究をおこなった.症例群は116例の初診の肝細胞癌患者で,それぞれの患者と年齢,性,入院年,健康保険区分がマッチした者を入院患者の中から1:2で無作為に選んだ.その結果,HBs抗原陽性者の肝癌リスクは19.58で,飲酒歴を補正した相対危険でも男で11.35,女で15.26と有意に高くなった.喫煙は肝癌の危険因子とはならなかったが,毎日飲酒の相対危険は1.99と有意に高く,また男で飲酒量と相対危険の間に正の相関関係がみられた.一方,寄与危険度は男では飲酒56.5%,HBs抗原23.1%,喫煙13.3%と飲酒の役割が大きく,女ではHBs抗原41.4%,飲酒7.0%でHBVの感染の役割が大きいことが推定された.さらに,HBs抗原陽性者で多量飲酒が重なると,肝癌リスクが上昇することが推定された.
Peter Altmann, Banned Birds. The Birds of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (Archaeology and Bible 1; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2019)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review: Peter Altmann, Banned Birds. The Birds of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (Archaeology and Bible 1; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2019)