jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) 5 year study at BSMMU.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) are generally similar in their clinical features, epidemiology and etiology although their natural and clinical history and treatment differ. Despite lot of improvement in diagnostic and management technique, there is little improvement in survival rate over the last few decades. This study was carried-out in a multidisciplinary tertiary level hospital (BSMMU), with a country-wide catchment area to see the burden of HNSCC existing in our country and their clinical pattern. The overall incidence rate of HNSCC in this study was (0.15%) i.e. 150 person in 1,00,000 population. Male incidence (0.19%) was higher than female (0.12%). This study revealed that carcinoma of the larynx (25.22%) and pyriform fossae (20.57%) were the main culprit, whereas buccal carcinoma was the main component (37.70%) in the female series. Highest incidence was found in the 6th decade in both sexes. As the treatment of HNSCC may be time consuming, requires multidisciplinary approach, demands lot of clinical, social and financial consideration, therefore, the best treatment can be offered through a combined board consisting of Surgical, Radiation, Medical oncologists, Histopathologist and Speech therapist as required.
The Mastery of Nature: A Brief Economic History of the World

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Text. The text for this course is Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton University Press, 2007). We will read a portion of Clarks book every week in order to understand how economic historians think about the big issues of growth, stagnation, development and underdevelopment in the very long run. This book will be supplemented by other readings. Students will be aware that there are two kinds of textbooks. First, those in which the author purportedly suppresses his personal opinions and provides a digest of the facts as they are understood by scholars. Second, those in which an opinionated author alerts his readers to unsettled controversies and prompts further reflection. Clarks book is the second sort. Students should not expect to find conventional wisdom and easy answers. But those who bear with it will be stimulated to think further. A Farewell to Alms is for sale at the ASUC store and your favorite on-line bookseller and is on reserve at Moffitt.
REDUCED PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS IN RESPONSE TO VASOVAGAL HYPOTENSION AND HEAD-UP TILT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin systems play an important role in the cardiovascular responses induced by head-up tilt. In young people, hypotension and postural changes induced by tilt produce significant increases in plasma renin activity. The response of plasma renin activity to prolonged tilt and subsequent vasovagal hypotension has not been assessed in the elderly. Seventeen elderly subjects (10 with carotid sinus syndrome and seven age-matched controls) were studied during 45 minutes of recumbency and 120 minutes of head-up tilt to 40 degrees. Intra-arterial systolic blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously and plasma renin activity was measured at frequent intervals. Ten subjects developed vasovagal syncope during tilt (at 32 +/- 18 min). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate fell by 70 +/- 20 mmHg and 20 +/- 7 beats . min-1 (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Plasma renin activity did not change in syncopal subjects and remained unchanged up to 60 min after syncope. In seven subjects who completed 120 min of tilt without symptoms, heart rate rose during tilt but plasma renin activity remained unchanged. Plasma renin activity is not influenced by marked hypotension or prolonged head-up tilt in the elderly.
A contribution to the monitoring of neuromuscular blockade: an evaluation of the Datex Relaxograph.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Datex Relaxograph is a neuromuscular transmission monitor, which measures the degree of neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia. In order to evaluate the reliability of the Relaxograph, results, obtained with this apparatus, were compared with simultaneous mechanical measurements obtained with the Myograph 2000 (Biometer). Although there was a good correlation between the two throughout the study, a shift towards mechanical responses was observed in all cases. Subsequently, the Relaxograph was used to evaluate atracurium and vecuronium when given accordingly to the priming principle. Results show that neither drug offers major clinical advantages over the other. In a third study, a new bolus-constant infusion regimen of atracurium was evaluated. Results show that it produces a predictable and stable neuromuscular blockade.
Audit report lag and key audit matters in Australia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract We aim to investigate the impact of mandatory key audit matters (KAMs) disclosure on audit report lag (ARL). Additionally, we examine the potential moderating effect of firm size on the association between KAMs and ARL. We conduct Ordinary Least Square regression analyses using a sample of 602 firm-year observations from 2018 to 2020. Our findings indicate that the disclosure of KAMs is associated with a reduction in firm ARL. Furthermore, we find that the association between KAMs and ARL is particularly pronounced in large firms, suggesting that the impact of KAMs disclosure on ARL is more significant in this context. Additionally, our research reveals that the negative association between KAMs disclosure and ARL becomes more prominent when the education level of the audit committee chair is higher. Our findings underscore the importance of transparent reporting through KAMs disclosure and the role of knowledgeable and educated individuals in audit committees in facilitating a more efficient and timely audit process. Also, our finding indicates that the beneficial effect of KAMs may be more noticeable to larger firms.
Clonal evolution in therapy-related neoplasms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) may occur as a late effect of cytotoxic therapy for a primary malignancy or autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals. We studied the development of somatic mutations in t-MN, using a collection of follow-up samples from 14 patients with a primary hematologic malignancy, who developed a secondary leukemia (13 t-MN and 1 t-acute lymphoblastic leukemia), at a median latency of 73 months (range 18-108) from primary cancer diagnosis.Using Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches we identified 8 mutations (IDH1 R132H, ASXL1 Y591*, ASXL1 S689*, ASXL1 R693*, SRSF2 P95H, SF3B1 K700E, SETBP1 G870R and TP53 Y220C) in seven of thirteen t-MN patients (54%), whereas the t-ALL patient had a t(4,11) translocation, resulting in the KMT2A/AFF1 fusion gene. These mutations were then tracked backwards in marrow samples preceding secondary leukemia occurrence, using pyrosequencing and a NGS protocol that allows the detection of low variant allele frequencies (≥0.1%).Somatic mutations were detectable in the BM harvested at the primary diagnosis, prior to any cytotoxic treatment in three patients, while they were not detectable and apparently acquired by the t-MN clone in five patients.These data show that clonal evolution in t-MN is heterogeneous, with some somatic mutations preceding cytotoxic treatment and possibly favoring leukemic development.
A VARIANT OF BACK-PROPAGATION ALGORITHM FOR MULTILAYER FEED-FORWARD NETWORK

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a variant of Backpropagation algorithm is proposed for feed-forward neural networks learning. The proposed algorithm improve the backpropagation training in terms of quick convergence of the solution depending on the slope of the error graph and increase the speed of convergence of the system. Simulations are conducted to compare and evaluate the convergence behavior and the speed factor of the proposed algorithm with existing Backpropagation algorithm. Simulation results of large-scale classical neural- network benchmarks are presented which reveal the power of the proposed algorithm to obtain actual solutions. derivative based algorithm that have been proposed for the training of feed-forward networks which combines the excellent local convergence properties of Gauss-Newton method near a minimum with the consistent error decrease provided by (a suitably scaled) gradient descent faraway from the solution. In first-order methods (such as gradient descent), a local minimizer problem is overshooted with the inclusion of momentum term. The momentum term actually inserts second-order information in the training process and provides iterations whose form is similar to the conjugate gradient (CG) method. The major difference of Backpropagation with the conjugate gradient method is that the coefficients regulating the weighting between the gradient and the momentum term are heuristically selected in BP, whereas in the CG algorithm these coefficients are adaptively determined. However, these algorithms also share problems (17) present in the standard Backpropagation algorithm and may converge faster in some cases and slower in others. Comparison of the speeds of convergence of different schemes for implementing Backpropagation is not clear-cut, though a discussion on benchmarking of the algorithms can be found (18). In this paper, a proposal for a variant of back-propagation algorithm for FNN with time-varying inputs has been presented which is capable of overcoming the shortcomings of the BP as discussed above. In the experimental section, the proposed algorithm is compared with the existing Backpropagation algorithm for training multilayer feed-forward networks on training tasks that are well known for their complexity. It was observed that the
Business Intelligence and Sinta Analytics to Improve Indonesian National Research in Education 4.0 Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has been disturbed and penetrated into various core sectors of the life of society, not only in education as the heart and reflection of the progress of the integrity of a nation.Indonesia through the National Research Master Plan (RIRN) issued by the Ministry of Education and the achievement of industrial development goals is the development of innovation and technological advancement which is largely determined by the speed of accumulation of science that begins with research.However, the lack of equal distribution of education that is still in the conventional education system as a comfortable zone and the lack of attention of lecturers in the Tridharma research has become a weakness.This can be demonstrated through a track record of a global reputation journal.The existence of this 4.0 education challenge made the opportunity to discover the innovation of education 4.0 with research in Indonesia.The research method used is Data Collection consisting of Observation and Library Study and mind mapping method.In this research analyzes the business intelligence implemented at the SINTA (Science and Technology Index) as a measure to measure the increase in research in Indonesia as well as the indexation issues that exist in education 4.0 era.
TBC Development on Ti-6Al-4V for Aerospace Application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely utilized in the aerospace industry for applications such as turbine blades, where it is valued for its mechanical strength at high temperatures, low specific gravity, and resistance to corrosion and oxidation. This alloy provides crucial protection against oxidation and thermal damage. A thermal barrier coating (TBC) typically consists of a metallic substrate, a bond coating (BC), a thermally grown oxide (TGO), and a topcoat ceramic (TC). This study aimed to investigate laser parameters for forming a TBC with a NiCrAlY bond coating and a zirconia ceramic topcoat, which contains 16.0% equimolar yttria and niobia. The coatings were initially deposited in powder form and then irradiated using a CO2 laser. The parameters of laser power and beam scanning speed were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the optimal laser scanning speed and power for achieving the best metallurgical bonding between the substrate/BC and the BC-TGO/TC layers were 70 mm/s at 100 W and 550 mm/s at 70 W, respectively. Laser-based layer formation has proven to be a promising technique for the application of TBC.
P-002 ALL-CAUSE DISABILITY PENSION IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL WORKLOAD AND LOW JOB CONTROL

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction We investigated job control and physical workload as determinants for labour market exit in a series of studies. Methods A cohort of 1.8 million men and women aged 44-63 years living in Sweden in 2005 were followed regarding all-cause disability pension (DP) 2006-2016. Physical workload and job control were estimated through gender-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs), linked to the occupational titles in 2005. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results DP was incrementally associated with physical workload. For the 5th quintile the HRs (CIs) were for men 2.11 (2.03–2.19) and for women 1.71 (1.66–1.76). Adjustment for job control attenuated the risk (5th quintile: men 1.56 (1.48 -- 1.64), women 1.31 (1.26 -- 1.36), but the increment remained significantly increased risks from the 3rd quintile. Similarly, all quintiles measuring lower job control showed an increased risk for DP as compared with high job control (lowest quintile: men 1.66 (1.60-1.73), women 1.36 (1.32-1.40), with adjustment for physical workload. Workers with high physical workload (N=372 219) shifting to lower load, experienced a decremental risk of DP (shift high to low: men 0.50 (0.36 -- 0.69), women 0.53 (0.38 -- 0.70). Discussion While study strengths are registry-based data, cohort size and completeness of follow-up, the effects are likely underestimated by not considering the full occupational history and variation in exposure within occupational groups. Conclusion Measures to increase job control and reduce physical workload, as well as opportunities to shift from high to lower physical workload, are likely to reduce exit due to disability among mid-/old-age workers.
Dactylis glomerata L., GR 10489

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Dactylis glomerata L. Accession number: GR 10489 Conserved by: DEU271 Acquisition: 2004-01-08 Origin country: DEU Biological status: Wild MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Included Historic: No
Coffee in Colombia, 1850–1970

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this book, Marco Palacios explores the history of Colombia as a coffee-producer, and the implications that coffee has had for its economy, society, and politics since the middle of the nineteenth century. He provides a history of the commercialization of the crop, and relates it to the general evolution of Colombian society, an evolution often determined by coffee even in areas remote from the crop itself. The book also covers the development of the specific institutions that have been set up to manage coffee affairs, and their role in the Colombian state. Since the last quarter of the nineteenth century coffee has been the mainstay of the Colombian economy, and no historian, economist, or sociologist interested in the country can escape its importance; nor can anyone interested in the commodity ignore Colombia. This is the first work on the subject to appear in English.
Black in a Blonde World: Race and Girls' Interpretations of the Feminine Ideal in Teen Magazines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study examines culture as a mitigating factor in adolescents' media uses and gratifications. Middle-class African-American and White female readers of the three most popular teen magazines were interviewed for their interpretations of the feminine ideal presented in these texts. While Black girls in this study sought out mainstream teen magazines for what they saw as relatively generic content on topics like social issues and entertainment, these girls were largely uninterested in teen magazines' beauty images because they conflict with African-American standards of attractiveness. Featured brands of makeup and hair care products—as well as advice on their use—were also seen as being specifically intended for White girls, who consequently invest more authority in the magazines' counsel and images. The magazines are a one-way mirror through which Black girls observe and critique White beauty culture. White girls were generally unaware of any racial bias in the magazines.
Gastric Diverticulum Presenting as Hematemesis: A Case Report Detailing an Uncommon Presentation of an Already Rare Entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Gastric diverticula (GD) are uncommon. Most are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Symptoms range from reflux and epigastric discomfort to life-threatening bleeding and perforation. We describe a case of symptomatic GD presenting as hematemesis requiring surgical treatment. Case Report: A 57-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with one day of epigastric pain and hematemesis. Hemoglobin was found to be stable, but blood urea nitrogen was elevated. Imaging revealed a fundal GD. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not show other etiology of hematemesis. The patient underwent partial gastric resection for GD removal and did well without further symptoms on follow-up. Conclusion: Although rare, GD needs to be included on a differential diagnosis when evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms in the ED. Patients may present with an array of complaints but can potentially develop serious complications. Providers should be familiar with the diagnostic options and treatment regimens available to better care for patients presenting with GD.
Technological Change in Assessing Economics: A Cautionary Welcome

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The use of computer-based automated assignment systems in economics has expanded significantly in recent years. The most widely used system is Aplia which was developed by Paul Romer in 2000. Aplia is a computer application designed to replace traditional paper-based assignments in economics. The main features of Aplia are: (1) interactive content including problem sets, experiments and news analysis; (2) digital editions of a textbook; (3) assignment sets that are customised to specific textbooks; and (4) immediate feedback for both students and instructors. Its ability to present the dynamics of diagrams and graphs is critical to its use in economics. This paper analyses the effectiveness of Aplia and traditional paper-based assignments and tutorials using summative assessment results. The analysis is based on a managerial economics course that was taught to over 380 students at NUI Galway in the first semester of 2008-09. The course was designed so that each student was required to complete eight assignments for 25% m arks available for the course. They completed six of the eight assignments by Aplia and the remaining two by paper. The final exam was organised into eight sections with each section corresponding to a particular assignment. Our basic test is to examine whether a student's performance in a particular section of the exam is affected by whether the student completed the corresponding assignment on paper or online. We also examined if how the student performed on a particular assignment, regardless of the type, predicted how well they did on the corresponding examination question. We found little statistical evidence in support of either hypothesis
Analysis of Subject Gateways with Special Emphasis on ‘Jute-Gate’

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A detailed survey of 166 subject gateways across the world was conducted to check for existence of any subject gateway on Jute fibre. In addition to that, 54 websites on Jute were also examined for assessing the volume and quality of jute-related information. A comparative analysis of 15 jute-related databases, information systems and subject gateways was also conducted for assessing the uniqueness of prototype subject gateway on Jute (i.e. ‘Jute-Gate’) in disseminating qualitative Jute information to stakeholders. It was found that, out of 166 subject gateways that existed between 1996 and 2017, 102 were active and 64 were closed as on 31.03.2017. Average age of the active gateways was 14.52 years though 5 gateways were found to have existed for 21 years and 3 gateways lasted for only 1 year. It was concluded that number of gateways is dependent on the subject category but average age of subject gateways is independent of subject category. It was also found that no dedicated subject gateway for jute fibre is available and the proposed prototype ‘Jute-Gate’ is a pioneering effort.
A case of well leg compartment syndrome following laparoscopic myomectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) is a rare but potentially devastating complication that is seen after gynecological, urological, and colorectal operations. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman presenting with right lower limb WLCS after laparoscopic myomectomy. The operation was performed in the lithotomy position combined with the Levitator and Trendelenburg positions and the duration of the procedure was approximately 6 hours. Both legs were attached with elastic stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression applied for prevention of deep vein thrombosis.
Diabetes in urban African-Americans. XVII. Availability of rapid HbA1c measurements enhances clinical decision-making.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of rapid-turnaround HbA1c results on providers' clinical decision-making and on follow-up HbA1c levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The research design was a randomized clinical trial in which rapid HbA1c results were made available to providers on even days of the month (rapid, n = 575), but delayed by 24 h on odd days (conventional, n = 563). Adjustment of therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes was considered appropriate if therapy was intensified for HbA1c values &gt;7% or not intensified for HbA1c values &lt; or =7%. A post-hoc analysis was also performed using patients (n = 574) who returned for follow-up 2-7 months later to ascertain the effect of rapid HbA1c availability on subsequent glycemic control. RESULTS: Rapid HbA1c availability resulted in more appropriate management compared with conventional HbA1c availability (79 vs. 71%, P = 0.003). This difference was due mainly to less frequent intensification when HbA1c levels were &lt; or =7% (10 vs. 22%, P &lt; 0.0001) and slightly to more frequent intensification for patients with HbA1c values &gt;7% (67 vs. 63%, P = 0.33). For both groups, intensification was greatest for patients on insulin (51%) compared with patients on oral agents (35%) and diet alone (14%) (P &lt; 0.0001). Regression analysis confirmed that providers receiving conventional HbA1c results were more likely to intensify therapy in patients who already had HbA1c levels &lt; or =7%. Over 2-7 months of follow-up, HbA1c rose more in patients with conventional HbA1c results compared with rapid results (0.8 vs. 0.4%, P = 0.02). In patients with initial HbA1c &gt;7%, rapid HbA1c results had a favorable impact on follow-up HbA1c independent of the decision to intensify therapy (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Availability of rapid HbA1c determinations appears to facilitate diabetes management. The more favorable follow-up HbA1c profile in the rapid HbA1c group occurs independently of the decision to intensify therapy, suggesting the involvement of other factors such as enhanced provider and/or patient motivation.