jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Gene mutation profiles and clinicopathological features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS G12C mutation: a single-center retrospective study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To accurately screen non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with KRAS G12C mutation and to evaluate their clinicopathological features, prognostic factors and current treatment status. Methods: A total of 19 410 NSCLC cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology of Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China from January 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, and the cases with KRAS gene mutation detected by next-generation sequencing were included. The clinicopathological and genetic mutation data of these cases were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 1 633 (8.4%) NSCLC patients carried a KRAS gene mutation, among whom G12C was the most frequent (468 cases, 28.7%) mutant subtype. The mutation was more commonly found in males (414/468, 88.5%), patients with a history of smoking (308/468, 65.8%), and patients with a pathological type of invasive adenocarcinoma (231/468, 49.4%). The most common co-mutated genes in KRAS G12C mutant NSCLC were TP53 (52.4%, 245/468), STK11 (18.6%, 87/468) and ATM (13.2%, 62/468). The proportion of PD-L1 expression (≥1%) in KRAS G12C mutant NSCLC was significantly higher than that in patients without G12C mutation [64.3% (90/140) vs. 56.1% (193/344), P=0.014]. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients (10.0 months vs. 5.0 months, P=0.011). However, combination of chemotherapy and ICIs with anti-angiogenesis inhibitors or multi-target inhibitors did not significantly improve PFS in patients with KRAS G12C mutant NSCLC (P>0.05). Patients with KRAS G12C mutation NSCLC treated with ICIs and KRAS G12C patients with TP53 mutation had significantly longer median PFS than those with STK11 mutation (9.0 months vs. 4.3 months, P=0.012). Conclusions: Patients with KRAS G12C mutant NSCLC have relatively higher levels of PD-L1 expression and can benefit from ICIs treatment. The feasibility of chemotherapy, ICIs therapy and their combination needs further investigation.
Unusual Audiological Findings in Cranial Metaphyseal Dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

C ranial metaphyseal dysplasia is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by increased density and thickness of the vault, facial bones, base of the skull, and diaphyses of the long bones. Other descriptive terms, such as leontiasis ossea and osteopetrosis may be variants of this disease. Inheritance may occur as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait. The neurologic sequelae may be late motor development, mental retardation,cranial nerve paralyses from atroatropphyd by the overgrowth of the foraminaforamina.1some type of hearing loss associated with thiproba-blysorsorineural, ecause the cochlear nerves become compressed as they pass through narrowed internal auditory canals. Less frequently, there can be a conductive type hearing loss as a result of deformities of the external auditory meatus or fixation of the stapes in the oval window. However, the literature has not reported the possibility of hearing loss deterioration or an apparent change in the status of the loss over
Using Early Intervening Services Funds to Reduce Racial Disproportionality in Special Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we explore how educational leadership, administration, and special education students can effectively use Coordinated Early Intervening Services (34 CFR §300.226) funding. These funds, available under IDEA Part B, aim to address racial disproportionalities in educational opportunities. Through a case study, we examine how a school principal navigates the complexities of using IDEA Part B funds for academic and behavioral support services. It highlights the challenges school leaders face and suggests activities to help educators address the root causes of racial/ethnic disproportionality in student identification, placement, and disciplinary actions.
Revisiting the damped quantum harmonic oscillator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We reanalyse the quantum damped harmonic oscillator, introducing three less than common features. These are (i) the use of a continuum model of the reservoir rather than an ensemble of discrete oscillators, (ii) an exact diagonalisation of the Hamiltonian by adapting a technique pioneered by Fano, and (iii) the use of the thermofield technique for describing a finite temperature reservoir. We recover in this way a number of well-known and some, perhaps, less familiar results. An example of the latter is an ab initio proof that the oscillator relaxes to the mean-force Gibbs state. We find that special care is necessary when comparing the damped oscillator with its undamped counterpart as the former has two distinct natural frequencies, one associated with short time evolution and the other with longer times.
Behavior of Honeycomb FRP Sandwich Structure under Combined Effects of Service Load and Low Temperatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the experimental study about the behavior of honeycomb fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP) sandwich structure with corrugated cores under the combined effects of service load and low-temperature cycling (ranging from 24°C to -35°C). The potential debonding at the interfaces between the corrugated cores and face sheets because of the service-load condition specific to bridge engineering at low temperatures and its impact on stiffness are studied in this paper. The finite-element analysis (FEA) was utilized to determine the load in the experiment. The experiment consisted of tests conducted at four different temperatures. The load-strain responses were monitored to study the behaviors of HFRP sandwich panels. On the basis of the observation and results from the experiment, this paper concludes that the deflection limit span over 400 can potentially be adopted in practice without incurring stiffness degradation because of interface debonding. The paper also shows that it is essential to study the tolerable size of cracks or defects at the interfaces before applying this deflection limit as a design criterion. The experimental results in this study serve as a necessary supplement to the material tests and confirm that the stiffness of the HFRP sandwich panels at the structural level will also increase when the temperatures are decreased at least up to the service-limit state. Finally, this paper verifies the important role that tensile stress plays in interface debonding and suggests that previous tests may underestimate the actual shear strength of the interfaces.
Carboranycarboxylate Complexes as Efficient Catalysts in Epoxidation Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work presents the first examples of carboranylcarboxylate complexes as precatalysts in epoxidation reactions with the use of peracetic acid as the oxidant. The manganese [Mn(μ-H2O)(1-CH3-2-CO2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10)2]n·(H2O)n (1), [Mn2(1-CH3-2-CO2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10)4(2,2'-bpy)2] (2, bpy = bipyridine), [Mn(1-CH3-2-CO2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10)2(bpm)]n (3, bpm = bipyrimidine), and [Mn(1-CH3-2-CO2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10)2(2,2'-bpy)2] (4) complexes and the cobalt [Co2(μ-H2O)(1-CH3-2-CO2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10)4(thf)4] (6) complex, all containing the carboranylcarboxylic 1-CH3-2-CO2H-1,2-closo-C2B10H10 (LH) ligand, together with Mn3(OAc)6(2,2'-bpy)2 (5) displayed good performance with high conversions and selectivity values in short reaction times, in most cases. This work highlights that the coordination of the carboranylcarboxylic ligand to the metal ions is crucial to the performance of the complexes as catalysts
Drug—drug interactions resulting from inhibition of cytochrome P450s

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

薬物動態学的な相互作用の多くは代謝に関連したものであり，その大半はチトクロムP-450（CYP）の酵素阻害に基づくものである．CYPの阻害様式は，1）複数の基質による競合阻害，2）薬物の窒素を含む複素環がCYP活性中心のヘム鉄に配位することによる非特異的阻害，3）反応性に富む代謝物がCYPと複合体を形成することで不可逆的に酵素を不活性化する阻害，に大別される．CYP阻害に基づく相互作用は，治療効果の変化や重篤な副作用の発現に繋がることがある．したがって，より安全な医薬品の開発には，代謝に関わるCYP分子種の同定と共に，CYP阻害作用が欠かすことのできない評価項目となっている．本稿では，CYPの阻害様式と阻害に基づく相互作用の発現機序について，具体例を挙げて解説するとともに，創薬における相互作用評価法について簡単に紹介する．
Applying Lean Principles to Eliminate Project Waste, Maximize Value, Cut Superfluous Steps, Reduce Rework and Focus on Customer Centricity

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With increasingly complex demands, dynamic environments, and rapid technology changes defining business landscapes, project management methodologies are prime for disruption. Traditional project models – characterized by rigid, sequential stage-gates and siloed functional groups – struggle with wastefulness, reactive mindsets, and misalignment to customer purpose. As such, practitioners are turning to lean philosophies pioneered in manufacturing but applicable across sectors. This paper examines deploying lean principles to project environments to eliminate activities that do not directly add customer value (waste), amplify learning, decide slowly but deliver quickly, empower teams, and continuously improve. Core facets of lean covered include Value Stream Mapping to visualize workflow and identify waste; Kanban systems to limit work-in-progress, facilitate pull-based work authorization, and surface bottlenecks; Root Cause Analysis to get to the heart of problems; 5S activities for well-organized, mistake-proof workstations; and Kaizen events for rapid iterations. As illustrated through integrated case studies, these tools and mindsets facilitate lean’s primary aim within projects – determining what matters for the end-customer and optimizing all activities to directly serve this purpose. Tactics covered include defining value from the beneficiary standpoint early on, focusing on enhancing workflow from end-to-end rather than functional silos, and instilling learning and improvement mechanisms at all levels – from C-suite leadership to ground floor production. The paper closes by delineating a gradual implementation methodology – factoring in change management challenges – as well as outlining skills development required for staff to transition toward cross-functional, accountable, lean-oriented teams. While specifics vary across industries and project types, overarching insights suggest the principles represent the future of project delivery – cutting waste-related costs by upwards of 30%, accelerating timelines by over a third, minimizing scrap/rework to near-zero levels, and serving customer goals substantially better. For leaders to position projects and organizations for increasing marketplace complexity, leanness is pivotal.
Description and genomic characterization of Cohnella amylolytica sp. nov., isolated from Hot Springs in Yunnan province, south-west China

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A bacterial strain, Gram staining positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with flagellum and endospore-forming, designated strain YIM B05605 T , was isolated from soil sampled in Hamazui hot springs, Tengchong City, Yunnan province, China. Optimum growth for the strain occurred at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. The predominant menaquinone of strain YIM B05605 T was MK-7. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso -diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), unidentified glycolipid (GL), three unknown aminophospholipids (APLs) and unidentified polarlipid (PL) were part of the polar lipid profle. The major fatty acids were anteiso- C 15:0 and iso- C 16:0 . The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 58.76 mol%. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain YIM B05605 T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Cohnella . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strain YIM B05605 T with the most related species C. fontinalis YT-1101 T were 73.42 % and 15.7 %. Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain YIM B05605 T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Cohnella , for which the name Cohnella amylolytica sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM B05605 T (= CGMCC 1.60052 T = KCTC 43462 T = NBRC 115921 T ).
Ultrastructural changes in tracheal epithelial cells exposed to oxygen.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

White albino rats were sacrificed after 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to 100% O2 at 1 atm. Tissue was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by Critical Point Drying and for the transmission electron microscope (TEM) by plastic embedding. Scanning microscopy showed a loss of microvilli after 48 h of exposure. Cilia appeared relatively normal with SEM, but TEM revealed changes in the outer membrane. In TEM, nonciliated cells appeared swollen and often encroached on the ciliated cells. A heavy mucous blanket remained even after processing. All the changes observed that are induced by oxygen exposure contribute to mucostasis, reducing and/or halting mucociliary clearance.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Microarray and cDNA sequence analysis of transcription during nerve-dependent limb regeneration.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Microarray analysis and 454 cDNA sequencing were used to investigate a centuries-old problem in regenerative biology: the basis of nerve-dependent limb regeneration in salamanders. Innervated (NR) and denervated (DL) forelimbs of Mexican axolotls were amputated and transcripts were sampled after 0, 5, and 14 days of regeneration.RESULTS: Considerable similarity was observed between NR and DL transcriptional programs at 5 and 14 days post amputation (dpa). Genes with extracellular functions that are critical to wound healing were upregulated while muscle-specific genes were downregulated. Thus, many processes that are regulated during early limb regeneration do not depend upon nerve-derived factors. The majority of the transcriptional differences between NR and DL limbs were correlated with blastema formation; cell numbers increased in NR limbs after 5 dpa and this yielded distinct transcriptional signatures of cell proliferation in NR limbs at 14 dpa. These transcriptional signatures were not observed in DL limbs. Instead, gene expression changes within DL limbs suggest more diverse and protracted wound-healing responses. 454 cDNA sequencing complemented the microarray analysis by providing deeper sampling of transcriptional programs and associated biological processes. Assembly of new 454 cDNA sequences with existing expressed sequence tag (EST) contigs from the Ambystoma EST database more than doubled (3935 to 9411) the number of non-redundant human-A. mexicanum orthologous sequences.CONCLUSION: Many new candidate gene sequences were discovered for the first time and these will greatly enable future studies of wound healing, epigenetics, genome stability, and nerve-dependent blastema formation and outgrowth using the axolotl model. PMID: 19144100 Funding information This work was supported by: NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R24-RR016344 NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P20-RR016741
Eagle Plain, Northern Yukon, Canada: An Update on Conventional Petroleum Resource Potential of the Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary A significant petroleum frontier province in Canada’s north is the Eagle Plain Basin in northern Yukon. Recent work in the region conducted by the Geological Survey of Canada connected with the Geomapping for Energy and Minerals program contributed new data and interpretation, as well as identified new conceptual exploration petroleum plays in the Basin. These new play concepts prescribed a need to re-evaluate the petroleum potential of the basin, the results of which are the subject of this presentation.
Engineering of Complex Systems in the 21st Century

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A U.S. Navy-initiated annual workshop program for promoting wise technology investment in the engineering of complex systems in the 21st century, especially in systems engineering technology, is described. Descriptions of the first two workshops held in 1994 and 1995, including some general results that were obtained by the focus groups, are given. Because of fundamental changes in the way the Department of Defense (DoD) currently acquires goods and services, the third workshop is designed to couple the focus group discussions and expectations closely with the DoD mandated concepts of Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) and Integrated Product Teams (IPTs). Primary focus group tasks related to practices to improve the engineering of complex systems within the IPPD context are discussed. Some characteristics of complex systems are presented. A few recent studies on engineering and management processes and DoD and industry experiences related to engineering of complex systems outside of the workshops are reviewed. Human resources and the changing role of the engineer are discussed.
Theories of associative recall

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The problem of how the brain stores and retrieves information is ultimately an experimental one, and its solution will doubtless call for the combined resources of psychology, physiology and molecular biology. But it is also a problem of great theoretical sophistication; and one of the major tasks confronting the brain scientist is the construction of theoretical models which are worthy of, and open to, experimental test. In this review we shall be concerned with the latter aspect of the problem of memory, which has attracted quite a lot of attention in the last few years. It is early yet to judge the relative merits of the various models in any detail; but as we shall see, most of those which have been developed beyond their initial hypotheses have a certain family resemblance, and it seems as if we may now be in possession of the basic ideas which will be needed for the understanding of one of the central problems of memory, namely the mechanism of associative recall.
Cystic ovarian necrosis complicating tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer in a premenopausal woman. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A premenopausal woman with recurrent stage II ductal breast carcinoma was treated with tamoxifen. After ten months of therapy her ovaries became acutely cystic and necrotic, but vascular torsion was not present. This case illustrates the special complications of tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal women.
The Captive Samurai: Japanese Prisoners Detained in the United States During World War II

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

5,424 Japanese prisoners were captured by Allied forces during World War II and brought to the United States for internment. No scholarly account has been written of these men. This thesis will explain why there were so few, where they were interned, and the conditions of their internment.\nThe topic was researched at the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D. C., through interviews with veterans who served in the Pacific Campaign or had contact with the Japanese prisoners, through newspaper and magazine articles of the time, and through secondary sources of the Pacific Campaign.\nThe Campaign in the Pacific became a brutal race war, with few prisoners taken. Even those taken were not guaranteed to make it back to the United States for internment. However, those who did were treated well, in light of their circumstances. This was the result of three different factors: those in charge of the Japanese confinement saw the prisoners as humans, America did not want the Japanese to retaliate against U.S. prisoners foractions taken against the Japanese prisoners, and the U.S. was trying to gain the cooperation of the prisoners, who responded better to kindness than to abuse, against which they were more prepared.
Methods, challenges, and promise of next-generation sequencing in cancer biology.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is generally accepted that cancers result from the aggregation of somatic mutations. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies during the past half-decade has enabled studies of cancer genomes with high sensitivity and resolution through whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing approaches, among others. This saltatory advance introduces the possibility of assembling multiple cancer genomes for analysis in a cost-effective manner. Analytical approaches are now applied to the detection of a number of somatic genome alterations, including nucleotide substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and chromosomal rearrangements. This review provides a thorough introduction to the cancer genomics pipeline as well as a case study of these methods put into practice.
A Novel Traffic Analysis Zone Division Methodology Based on Individual Travel Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban rail transit passenger flow forecasting often relies on the traditional “four-step” method, where the division of traffic analysis zones (TAZs) is critical to ensuring prediction accuracy. As the fundamental units for describing trip origins and destinations, TAZs also encompass socioeconomic attributes such as land use, population, and employment. However, traditional TAZs, typically based on administrative boundaries, fail to reflect evolving urban travel behavior, particularly when transit stations are located near TAZ boundaries. Additionally, the emergence of urban big data allows for more refined spatial analyses based on individual travel patterns, addressing the limitations of administrative divisions. This study proposes an innovative TAZ aggregation model based on travel similarity, integrating public transit smart-card data and GIS data from bus networks. First, individual spatiotemporal travel patterns are mapped and discretized in both the spatial and temporal dimensions. Travel characteristic data are then extracted for spatial grid units. The TAZ division problem is defined as a multiobjective optimization problem, including factors such as travel similarity, the homogeneity of travel intensity, the statistical accuracy of the area, geographic information preservation, travel ratio constraints, and shape constraints. Multiple TAZ division schemes are produced and assessed using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), resulting in the selection of the optimal scheme. The proposed method is implemented on bus passenger travel data in Beijing, showing that the optimized scheme significantly reduces the number of zones with travel ratios exceeding 10%. Compared with existing schemes, the optimized division yields more uniform distributions of travel ratios, area, and travel density, while significantly minimizing the number of zones with a high travel concentration. These results demonstrate that the proposed method better reflects residents’ actual travel behaviors, offering a notable improvement over traditional approaches. This research provides a novel and practical framework for data-driven TAZ optimization.