jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing Mufrodat Asik Snakes-And-Ladders (Utama) Media For Arabic Language Learning In Class V At MI Bahrul Ulum Kemlagilor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present study aimed to address the problems encountered in Arabic learning for fifth-grade students at MI Bahrul Ulum, specifically the lack of innovative media, with a particular focus on Mufrodat materials. In addition, students' disinterest in learning Arabic can be attributed to the fact that teachers rely solely on traditional learning resources, such as textbooks devoid of any innovative media. This results in students experiencing boredom and lack of concentration during lessons, which renders learning uninteresting and repetitive. In addition to determining the degree of interest in Mufrodat Asik Snakes-and-Ladders (UTAMA) media under development, this study was focused on providing a description of the procedure used in its creation. To achieve this aim, the ADDIE model was employed by the following five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The findings of the study indicate that the Mufrodat Asik Snakes-and-Ladders (UTAMA) media product underwent a methodical development process. Several stages of validation were completed to ensure the media were valid and suitable. Media experts assessed the product with a 94% (very valid) rating, followed by language experts with a 95% (very valid) rating, and material experts with a 98% (very valid) rating. In the interim, students evaluated the attractiveness of the media through a series of testing phases and responses to a questionnaire: 97% for individual trials, 99% for small group trials, and 95% for large group trials (all piqued interest). Thus, it can be concluded that the developed Mufrodat Asik Snakes-and-Ladders (UTAMA) media satisfies the criteria for attractiveness and validity/feasibility, and can be utilized for educational purposes.
Hyperspectral Change Detection Using Mahalanobis Distance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Through the past couple of decades, Hyperspectral Change Detection (HCD) has proven to be an encouraging approach for autonomously detecting subtle targets amongst complex backgrounds. However, the detection of the targets can become complicated by natural changes and variations occurring in the background clutter, causing a false report of a target change, commonly known as a “false alarm”, or the act of “missing” a target change. These types of variations can range from changes in illumination, such as shadowing and time of day, to seasonal alterations, such as the difference of coloring amongst vegetation. This thesis focuses on the technique of increasing the success rate of detecting man-made changes in hyperspectral images (HSIs) while decreasing the false-alarm rate without raising the target-miss rate, which has proven to be a difficult task. Due to their computational simplicity and mathematical tractability, linear detectors are the main focus of this study. Through the use of linear detectors and the Central Limit Theorem, it is assumed that the affine transforms that are applied to the images produce approximately Gaussian HSIs, even though we briefly consider non-Gaussian situations. Three separate algorithms are analyzed and compared, based on linear estimation theory: Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Chronochrome (CC), and Covariance Equalization (CE). Mathematical expressions of the Mahalanobis distance are derived for each of these algorithms. Further analysis of change detection reveals the connection between the Mahalanobis distance and the optimum variance estimator for the assumed standard Gauss model, which is shown to hold approximately for linear detectors. Finally, the proposal for a new scheme in change detection is shown to be effective via both mathematical analysis and simulation results.
Reduction of Oleocellosis Damage in Shamouti Orange Peel with Ethephon Preharvest Spray

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryEthephon applied as a preharvest spray to Shamouti oranges at colour-break reduced fruit damage by oleocellosis. The best concentration was found to be 480 ppm when the spray was given 14–20 days before picking. Raising the pH of the spray solution to 7.0 did not lessen leaf drop nor improve the results of the original pH 2.6. The colour change at this concentration was highly correlated with the reduction of oleocellosis (–0.95), but the fruit still needed further ethylene degreening for about half the usual time. After 72 h postharvest degreening the treated fruit had a colour much closer to that reached naturally later in the season.
Histological Tracking into the Third Dimension: Evolution of Early Tumorigenesis in VHL Kidney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using a novel three-dimensional (3D) approach, we tracked histological changes to elucidate the earliest stages of renal clear cell neoplasia in normal kidney tissue of patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Tissue blocks of interest were procured, serially sectioned, and 3D reconstruction of the entirety of pathologic events was performed. The results reveal an abundance of foci with aberrant clear cell proliferation that initially develop along the tubular lining, but have the potential to aggregate within individual tubules. This stage is followed by the extension of clear cell aggregates beyond the tubular basement membrane, which allows for the recruitment of angiogenesis derived from interstitial vasculature. The results suggest that the most frequent pathologic event in VHL kidneys is the presence of isolated or aggregated clear cells within the tubular epithelium, potentially developing further into a protracted process of neoplasia. The abundance of independent pathologic events in VHL kidneys confirms developmental mechanisms to precede tumor initiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that tracking of histologic changes in the 3rd dimension enables the confirmation of the sequence of events from the earliest pathologic change in the VHL kidney to the neoplastic stage. This approach is not only useful for visualization and quantification of pathologic changes but also for targeted sampling allowing selective analysis of the earliest stages of clear cell carcinogenesis.
The Effect of Educational Interventional Program on the Rate of Development of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is one of the frequent infections associated with health care in intensive care units (ICU) prolongs the hospital stay, increases care costs and mortality, and is caused by the migration of oro-pharyngeal microorganisms onto the pulmonary parenchyma. Aim: To determine the effect of educational intervention on the rate of occurrence of ventilator associated pneumonia in patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Place and duration of study: Study was conducted in ICU of Jinnah Hospital, a tertiary care public sector hospital in Lahore, Pakistan for a period of 12 months from August 2019 to July 2020. Study design: Interventional Study. Methods: A total of 270 Patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups, (pre and post educational intervention group). Information about patient's VAP rate, its distribution and patient's length of stay in hospital collected for both groups. Results: Of total 270 enrolled patients, 115(42.6%) were males and 155 (57.4%) were females. The overall rate of VAP was observed 43(15.9%), among them 27(20%) was in pre- interventional group and 16(11.9%) in post interventional group during treatment and stay in ICU. Conclusion: It was concluded that educational intervention played a significant role in controlling the VAP among the patients admitted in the ICU. Keywords: Educational intervention, Nosocomial Infection, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and Intensive Care Unit
Plasma Vitamin D Status and Its Correlation with Risk Factors of Thrombosis, P-selectin and hs-CRP Level in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism; the First Study of Iranian Population.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Low plasma level of vitamin D is linked to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and peripheral vascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem that involves Iranian population. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first investigation on venous thromboembolism (VTE) subjects that assessed the correlation of vitamin D level with plasma P-selectin, hs-CRP, and risk factors of thrombosis. In this prospective pilot study, patients with diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis and/ or pulmonary embolism were enrolled. All patients' clinical data, demographics and risk factors of thrombosis were evaluated. Plasma level of P-selectin and hs-CRP were measured by ELISA method. Radio immune assay method was used to determine plasma level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D). In this study, 60 subjects were included. The mean ± SD plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D level (25(OH) D) of participants was 21.4 ± 14.6 ng/mL. The vitamin D deficiency was detected in 60% of patients. No significant relation was found between the plasma 25(OH)D level and P-selectin and hs-CRP. In multiple regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between the level of 25(OH)D and the patients' age (beta = 0.452; p = 0.001), diabetes (beta = 0.280; p = 0.036) and positive family history of cardiovascular diseases (beta = 0.373; p = 0.003). Vitamin D deficiency is a frequent problem in Iranian VTE patients. Moreover, Plasma level of vitamin D is not associated with P-selectin and hs-CRP in VTE patients.
Homestay and Tourism in a Philippine Municipality: A Conceptual Framework for Sustainability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The alternative definition of tourism as an act of “gathering, building, dwelling, and learning” (Phipps, 2007) was enacted in a homestay program of Sariaya, a municipality in southern Luzon in the Philippines. The hosts, the student butlers or guides, and the tourism council contributed to the visitors’ being able to “gather” sensory perceptions of Sariaya; “build,” make sense, and understand these sensory perceptions enough to “dwell” and be part of the “ visited” community from where “learning” and sweet memories of the municipality have become part of their personhood. More than photographs, these shared memories will probably be part of the discourse of tourism students. For a homestay program to be sustainable, however, the following must be done: change the paradigm among homestay participants by arriving at competitive pricing strategies, establish standardized pricing and more efficient homestay services, discover the potential of storytelling as a feature of homestay, address the issue of privacy among homeowners, and establish an acceptable return for participating in the homestay program. The last point is important because sustainability of the project is dependent not only on the fulf illment of sociocultural objectives but also on economic and f inancial objectives. Likewise, sustainability can be realized if there is a close coordination among the stakeholders, namely, the Sariaya Tourism Council, the local government, the academe, local businessmen, nongovernmental organizations, and national tourism off ices.
Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The excessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in high N loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution in a changing climate. Soil biochar amendment is proposed as a climate change mitigation tool that supports carbon sequestration and reduces N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. The current study evaluated the impact of four different rates of biochar (B) (C/B 0 -0 t ha −1 , B 1 -20 t ha −1 , B 2 -40 t ha −1 , and B 3 -60 t ha −1 ) and two N levels (N 1 ; low (270 kg N ha −1 ) and N 2 ; high (360 kg N ha −1 )), on rice (cultivar Zhenguiai) grown in pots. Significant increases in the average soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) (88%) and carbon (87%) were recorded at the highest rate of 60-ton ha −1 B and 360 kg N ha −1 compared to the control (N 1 C) during both seasons (S1 and S2). The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of the photosystem (PS) II (ΦPS II), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching ( qP ) were enhanced at low rates of biochar applications (20 to 40 t B ha −1 ) for high and low N rates across the seasons. Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) activity were, on average, 39%, 55%, and 63% higher in the N 1 B 3 , N 2 B 2 , and N 2 B 3 treatments, respectively than the N 1 C. The grain quality was higher in the N1B 3 treatment than the N 1 C, i.e., the protein content (PC), amylose content (AC), percent brown rice (BRP), and percent milled rice (MRP) were, on average, 16%, 28%, 4.6%, and 5% higher, respectively in both seasons. The results of this study indicated that biochar addition to the soil in combination with N fertilizers increased the dry matter (DM) content, N uptake, and grain yield of rice by 24%, 27%, and 64%, respectively, compared to the N 1 C.
Prospective association between breakfast consumption frequency and BMI z-score among European school-aged children. The Feel4Diabetes Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background The long-term effects of breakfast on childhood z-BMI remain inconclusive. Objective To prospectively assess the impact of stable and altered breakfast consumption habits on z-BMI change over two years, in school-aged children across six European countries. Methods Data of 6,528 children (8.2 ± 1.0 years, 48.9% male) from the Feel4Diabetes study were used. Children's lifestyle behaviors, including breakfast frequency, were assessed through parent-reported questionnaires. Weight and height were objectively measured and converted to z-BMI. Participants were categorized into trajectories combining breakfast consumption habit (i.e. regular consumption, irregular consumption or omission) at baseline and follow up. Logistic regression analyzed the prospective association between breakfast trajectories and z-BMI increase, with adjustment for demographic and lifestyle variables. Results A statistically signidficant effect of breakfast trajectories was observed in z-BMI, both at baseline and follow up. Stable skippers was the only trajectory that showed a significant increase in BMI z-score from baseline to follow up (0.891 ± 1.058 vs. 1.034 ± 1.072 respectively, p < 0.05). BMI z-score at follow up of regular eaters (0.615 ± 0.967) was significantly lower, compared to both irregular eaters (1.229 ± 0.890) and stable skippers (both p < 0.05).Stable regular consumption and transition from omission to regular consumption were independently associated with significantly lower risk of z-BMI gain, compared to stable omission [OR,95%CI: 0.55 (0.31,0.97), p = 0.039 and 0.43 (0.21, 0.88), p = 0.021 respectively]. Conclusion Stable regular breakfast consumption or transition from omission to regular consumption seem to contribute to superior weight regulation in children and to independently protect against z-BMI gain, compared to stable omission. Further studies are warranted to extend the evidence on the breakfast habit-BMI association among children.
[The efficacy of polychemotherapy with cisplatin, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in inoperable forms of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck area].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of treatment of 19 cases of inoperable squamous cell tumors of the head and neck are discussed. The treatment schedule used three drugs: 100 mg/m2 cisplatin at day 1, 25 mg/m2 methotrexate, intravenously, at day 4, and a total of 1000 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil, at days 4-8 of treatment, by continuous 120 hour-long infusion. Effect was observed in 15 patients. The treatment was effective in 47.4% (complete regression--in 1 case, morphologically confirmed and partial regression--in 8 cases), stabilization--in 26.3 (5 patients) and further progression--in 26.3% (5 patients). Among the untoward side-effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis and diarrhea. The toxicity proved tolerable.
Noise in digital communication systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Written specifically for a one-semester course, this textbook introduces the physical and engineering principles of communication systems using an accessible, yet mathematically rigorous, approach. Beginning with valuable background material on signals and systems, and random processes, the text then guides students through the core topics, including amplitude modulation, pulse modulation, and noise. Key terms and formulae are highlighted throughout to help students identify essential points easily. Worked examples, practice problems, and review questions reinforce concepts and enable students to develop confidence in solving problems on their own. To help visualize the concepts discussed, MATLAB-based exercises and examples are provided throughout, supported by an introductory appendix for students who are new to MATLAB. Each chapter ends with a practical applications section, showing students how concepts are used in real-life communication scenarios and devices. Figures from the book and a solutions manual, password-protected for instructors, are available online.
The Resolved Star Formation Law in NGC 7469 from JWST, ALMA, and VLA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We investigate the star formation process within the central 3.3 kpc region of the nearby luminous infrared Seyfert NGC 7469, probing scales ranging from 88 to 330 pc. We combine JWST/MIRI imaging with the F770W filter, with CO(2 – 1) and the underlying 1.3 mm dust continuum data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, along with Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio continuum observations at 22 GHz. NGC 7469 hosts a starburst ring which dominates the overall star formation activity. We estimate the global star formation rate (SFR) ∼ 11.5 M ⊙ yr −1 from the radio at 22 GHz, and a cold molecular gas mass M (H 2 ) ∼ 6.4 × 10 9 M ☉ from the CO(2 – 1) emission. We find that the 1.3 mm map shows a morphology remarkably similar to those traced by the 22 GHz and the 7.7 μ m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission observed with JWST. The three tracers reproduce the morphology of the starburst ring with good agreement. We further investigate the correlations between the PAHs, the SFR, and the cold molecular gas. We find a stronger correlation of the PAHs with star formation than with CO, with steeper correlations within the starburst ring ( n > 2) than in the outer region ( n < 1). We derive a correlation between the SFR and the cold molecular gas mass surface densities, the Kennicutt–Schmidt (K-S) star formation law. Comparisons with other galaxy populations, including starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei, highlighted that NGC 7469 exhibits an intermediate behavior to the K-S relations found for these galaxy populations.
Study on chemical constituents of Potentilla discolor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Potentilla discolor Bunge. METHODS Repeated chro-matographies of silicagel column, highly porous resin R-A,and Sephadex LH - 20 were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures of the constituents were elucidated by the spectral analysis.RESULTS Six compounds were identified as ursolic acid (Ⅰ) ,2α,3β-di-hydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(Ⅱ), euscaphic acid(Ⅲ), tormentic acid(Ⅳ),β-sitosteriol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅴ) and β-sitosterol (Ⅵ) .CONCLUSION All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.
"Varopoulos paradigm": Mackey property vs. metrizability in topological groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The class of all locally quasi-convex (lqc) abelian groups contains all locally convex vector spaces (lcs) considered as topological groups. Therefore it is natural to extend classical properties of locally convex spaces to this larger class of abelian topological groups. In the present paper we consider the following well known property of lcs: "A metrizable locally convex space carries its Mackey topology ". This claim cannot be extended to lqc-groups in the natural way, as we have recently proved with other coauthors (\cite{AD}, \cite{DMPT}). We say that an abelian group $G$ satisfies the \emph{Varopoulos paradigm} (VP) if any metrizable locally quasi-convex topology on $G$ is the Mackey topology. Surprisingly VP - which is a topological property of the group - is characterizes an algebraic feature, namely being of finite exponent.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CROHN'S DISEASE IN SCHOOL-AGED PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eight patients at school-age, from 12 to 17 years old, were surgically treated for Crohn's disease at Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan. The relationship between operative results and their school lives were evaluated. Primary symptomes of the small intestinal type (6 cases) included abdominal pain (5), melena (1), and abscess formation in Douglas' pouch (1), and that of the colonic type (2 cases) mucinous-bloody stool (2) and anal fistula (1). Mean preoperative duration from the onset of the disease, except for 2 emergent cases, was 21.8 (ranged 8-46) months with mean cumulative hospitalizing duration of 8.6 (1-21) months. Four patients had recurrence, and in all 13 operations of 8 cases intestinal resections limited to macroscipical lesions. Mean postoperative disease-free term was 40.7 (ranged 5-168) months, during which all patients have completely finished curricula in schools. As now there is no effective treatment of Crohn's disease, physician should take school-aged patients back to the schools in disease-free state obtained by operations. An early return to the school might be important for mental or psychiatric development of the patient of this age.
Predicting the shield effectiveness of carbon fiber reinforced mortars utilizing metaheuristic algorithms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies on carbon fiber-reinforced mortars for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding have predominantly relied on practical experiments to investigate the correlation between shielding effectiveness (SE) and design attributes. However, these experiments are resource intensive. Machine learning (ML) models present a faster, cost-effective alternative for simulating outcomes and exploring various scenarios. This study adopts a novel approach by utilizing hybrid models, which offer greater accuracy than individual or ensemble ML models. Specifically, support vector regression (SVR) was combined with three optimization algorithms: firefly algorithm (FFA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and grey wolf optimization (GWO) to create hybrid models for estimating the SE of carbon fiber-reinforced mortars. Conventional ML techniques like random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) were also employed for comparison. A dataset of 346 experimental data sets from existing literature was used to evaluate model performance. The SVR-PSO hybrid model demonstrated superior performance, achieving the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.994, compared to SVR-FFA (0.964) and SVR-GWO (0.929). Model interpretability methods identified the aspect ratio (AR) as the most influential parameter, showing that shielding effectiveness (SE) increases significantly with fiber content (FC) up to 0.7 %, after which it stabilizes, with a linear correlation between SE and AR. A user-friendly interface was developed for instant SE prediction of carbon fiber reinforced mortar, requiring only essential input parameters.