jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Statistical Significance of the Efficacy Results in a Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Soil exploration and resource acquisition by plant roots: an architectural and modelling point of view

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We provide a brief overview on soil exploration and resource extraction by roots during the course of plant development.First, we examine how roots explore the soil volume in relation with the heterogeneity of soil conditions.We then consider resource acquisition by roots and root systems, taking into account the root system's heterogeneous functioning and its variable degree of plasticity.In extensive, complex and dynamic systems such as root systems, processes of soil exploration and resource acquisition can be analysed through the unifying point of view of root system architecture.We exemplify how a modelling approach based on the concepts of functional architecture has potential to provide sharper insight into the soil exploration/utilization processes.root system / model / architecture / review / soil exploration Résumé -Exploration du sol et acquisition des ressources hydro-minérales par les systèmes racinaires des végétaux : un point de vue architectural et de modélisation.Nous présentons une courte revue décrivant les grandes étapes de colonisation et d'exploitation du sol durant le développement de la plante.Nous montrons tout d'abord comment les racines explorent le sol en interagissant avec l'hétérogénéité des conditions de sol (du point de vue des nutriments ou des contraintes à la croissance).De cette vision essentiellement géométrique (exploration), nous passerons à l'exploitation des ressources par les racines en considérant l'hétérogénéité de fonctionnement du système racinaire ainsi que son plus ou moins fort degré de plasticité.Ces processus d'exploration et d'exploitation du sol seront présentés sous l'angle unificateur de la prise en compte de l'architecture racinaire.Dans des systèmes complexes et très dynamiques, comme un système racinaire, nous montrerons, avec des exemples récents, comment la modélisation, fondée sur une architecture fonctionnelle, permet d'aller plus loin dans la compréhension des processus d'exploration/exploitation du sol par les plantes.
Some Characteristics of Yellow Fever Virus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary 1. The virus of yellow fever occurs in the blood of experimentally infected rhesus monkeys in very high concentration: of eighteen specimens of blood taken from infected animals at the onset of fever and tested in dilution of 1:1,000,000, all proved infective; and of six specimens tested in dilution of 1:1,000,000,000, three produced fatal infection in normal monkeys. 2. A considerable variation in susceptibility was observed in these monkeys when a highly virulent strain of yellow fever virus was injected in very high dilutions, and very small amounts of the virus were frequently found to immunize animals without producing any outward signs of infection. 3. In the majority of the animals inoculated with minute quantities of virus the infection was characterized by a rather long incubation period, followed usually be a sharp, short febrile attack and death. 4. Human hydrocele fluid from persons not immune to yellow fever, either concentrated or diluted 1:1 with sterile physiological saline, was found to be a satisfactory diluent for the virus for titration purposes. 5. The development of yellow fever antibodies in the blood of experimentally infected animals was found to take place early during the course of disease. The serum taken at death from monkeys that died on the fourth, fifth, and sixth days after inoculation showed no protective properties, but the serum of animals that died on the seventh day or later protected fully against massive doses of virus. 6. The serum of monkeys that were inoculated with very minute doses of virus and died of yellow fever after a long incubation period, showed no protective properties. 7. The virus was found to possess a relatively high resistance to the action of post-mortem invading bacteria. The blood of a monkey that died of yellow fever and was kept after death for nine hours at a temperature varying between 78 and 86.5° F. was still found to be infective in 0.01 cc. amounts, although the organs of the animal at that time were already in an advanced state of decomposition.
Ornate necklaces and the homology of the genus one mapping class group

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

According to seminal work of Kontsevich, the unstable homology of the mapping class group of a surface can be computed via the homology of a certain Lie algebra. In a recent paper, S. Morita analyzed the abelianization of this Lie algebra, thereby constructing a series of candidates for unstable classes in the homology of the mapping class group. In the current paper, we show that these cycles are all nontrivial, representing homology classes in H k ( M 1 k Q ) S k for all k ⩾ 5 satisfying k ≡ 1 mod 4. Here M 1 k is the mapping class group of a genus one surface with k punctures.
The relationship clinical faculty training has to student teacher self -efficacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A southeastern American university school of education has implemented a clinical faculty program to which interested K-12 teachers apply, and if accepted are trained how to mentor student teachers. At the time of this study there were not enough clinical faculty for every student teacher; therefore, some student teachers were placed with (untrained) cooperating teachers for their clinical experience. This study compared the experience student teachers had with cooperating teachers versus with clinical faculty to begin to determine if the implementation of the clinical faculty training has an effect on student teacher self-efficacy. The clinical faculty training is based on the Santa Cruz New Teacher Center mentor training which uses Costa and Garmston's cognitive coaching concepts of formative assessment and language of support. This primarily qualitative study focused on three elementary education student teachers who each worked with a cooperating teacher for their first 8-week placement and a clinical faculty member for their second 8-week placement during their student teaching. A pre-, mid-, and post-survey for student teacher self-efficacy was administered, and follow-up interviews conducted. Five characteristics that affected the interviewees' self-efficacy emerged from the follow-up interviews: a positive relationship, a high level of mutual trust, formal feedback, positive verbal support for the student teacher, and perceived effective performance. Even though each of the three student teachers had different experiences, overall it was apparent that the consistent use of formative assessment and language of support by the clinical faculty (key factors from the clinical faculty training) resulted in an increased growth in self-efficacy for the student teachers. However, no one factor worked alone to affect self-efficacy. Rather it's a complicated concept that schools of education should attend to as they reassess their teacher preparation programs. The implications for these results point to further research on specific mentoring factors that affect student teacher self-efficacy, including mentor training for cooperating teachers.
A Sustainable Response Surface Methodology and Analytic Hierarchy Process–Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment Model to Evaluate Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Clove Oil Biodiesel Blend

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Replacing diesel with biodiesel generally results in a decrease in exhaust emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide. However, nitrogen oxide emissions show increasing trends. On the other hand, a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions has been found using various additives with diesel and biodiesel blends. In this work, the experiments are carried out on diesel, B30 (70% v/v diesel + 30% v/v biodiesel), and the B30CL1000 (70% v/v diesel + 30% v/v biodiesel + 1000 ppm clove oil) to evaluate the performance and emissions of diesel engine. The response surface methodology-based approach has been applied to evaluate the effect of different engine operating parameters on engine performance and emission while fueled with the B30CL1000 fuel blend. Further, the analytic hierarchy process–weighted aggregated sum product assessment method has been applied to identify the optimal setting of the parameters and rank the optimal engine operating range for the B30CL1000 blend. From the results, it was elicited that the accumulation of 1000 ppm of antioxidant (clove oil) additives in the B30 blend resulted in a reduction in the brake-specific fuel consumption by up to 11.5% at higher loads. Brake thermal efficiency increased by 16.3% at low load conditions for the B30CL1000 blend. Then the B30CL1000 blend showed a 2% drop in carbon monoxide emission at higher loads, and the decreased nitrogen oxide emission for the B30CL1000 blend has also been reported as 12% at low loads and 2% at higher loads, which follows a similar trend as exhaust gas temperature. The fifth experimental run having compression ratio (CR) of 17, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of 0%, and load of 12 kg has been ranked as 1.
The Implementation of Local Wisdom-Based Vocational Hospitality Curriculum Development Model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vocational higher education has a strategic role and is at the forefront in handling the age of the workforce and educating them into skilled, professional, and highly competitive persons who will enhance the nation's competitiveness. This study aims to formulate a design model for the development of a vocational hospitality curriculum based on local wisdom for students of the Tourism Department. The vocational curriculum development model will be highly useful for determining measures or policies to improve the quality of human resources hospitality industry fields. The research method used is research and development, which includes a descriptive method, action research, and experimentation. This curriculum development model emphasizes the development of broader methods of not only how to teach but also how to build students’ character.
Scirtes Tibialis, Guer., (Coleoptera-Dascyllidæ), with Observations on its Life History.*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scirtes tibialis, Guer., belongs to the Dascyllidæ, a comparatively little known family of small, inconspicuous beetles which have not been extensively studied. The adults are technically described, but few of the life histories have been worked out, despite some very interesting larval forms represented in the family. Of these beetles, some (grouped together as the Cyphonides, (13), from the name of the genus Cyphon) have aquatic larvæ, and these are remarkable in possessing long, many-jointed antennæ. Scirtes is of this type.
IMPORTANCE OF SKIN TOWELS IN ORTHOPEDIC OPERATIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IT IS ACCEPTED and current practice in orthopedic surgery to apply towels or other sterile material to wound edges during an operation. These sterile towels, clipped securely to the edges of the wound, are presumed to diminish the chances of wound contamination and, hence, of wound infection. At the Wadsworth General Hospital, Los Angeles, it was decided to test this concept. METHOD Every major clean, noninfected operation for a four-month period in 1953 was subjected to a study by wound culture during the progress of the surgical operation and by follow-up study of the incidence of infection. Operations were performed by some operators using towels and towel clips securely fastened to the wound edges and by others with no toweling whatsoever. Preparation of the skin previous to the surgery in all operations was identical. A sterile swab was placed into the wound immediately after the incision was made, and a
Nodal Injection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens for Gene Functional Analysis in Peanut: An Appraisal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peanut is a key cash crop worldwide, yet the limited availability of functional genes and markers for breeding hinders further progress, largely due to the lack of an efficient and user-friendly transformation system. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of nodal agroinjection, a novel transformation technique we developed for peanut, by introducing the soybean cold-tolerance gene SCTF-1. Putative transgenic seeds and seedlings were screened using genomic DNA PCR, while transgene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR and phenotypic assessments. Southern blotting confirmed the stable integration of SCTF-1. The transgenic seedlings displayed enhanced chilling tolerance, characterized by increased proline accumulation, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), and elevated peroxidase (POD) activity. These findings demonstrate that nodal agroinjection is an efficient and reliable approach for generating transgenic peanut and analyzing gene function. This method offers a promising alternative to conventional tissue culture-based transformation strategies.
Anabolic steroid-induced cardiomyopathy underlying acute liver failure in a young bodybuilder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heart failure may lead to subclinical circulatory disturbances and remain an unrecognized cause of ischemic liver injury. We present the case of a previously healthy 40-year-old bodybuilder, referred to our Intensive-Care Unit of Hepatology for treatment of severe acute liver failure, with the suspicion of toxic hepatitis associated with anabolic steroid abuse. Despite the absence of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure at admission, an anabolic steroid-induced dilated cardiomyopathy with a large thrombus in both ventricles was found to be the underlying cause of the liver injury. Treatment for the initially unrecognized heart failure rapidly restored liver function to normal. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of severe acute liver failure due to an unrecognized anabolic steroid-induced cardiomyopathy. Awareness of this unique presentation will allow for prompt treatment of this potentially fatal cause of liver failure.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis Following Long-term Steroid Therapy for Reticulosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histoplasmosis is a rare disease in Britain, and disseminated histoplasmosis has seldom been diagnosed during life.This case was found by bone-marrow examination.Certain reticuloses, and the use of corticosteroid, cytotoxic, or antibiotic drugs, may predispose to infection by several agents, including opportunistic fungi (Symmers, 1964).Reactivation of infection may also occur (Silverman et al., 1955).It happens that these drugs are commonly used to treat diseases which themselves predispose to systemic mycoses.The case reported here appears to be the first example of recrudescent histoplasmosis in Great Britain following such a sequence. CASE REPORTA 66-year-old Scotswoman lived for many years in Calcutta, returning home in 1952.She contracted kala-azar in 1917, and malaria and filariasis in 1927.Recurrent swelling of the left leg was investigated in 1958, but no filarial activity was found.In September 1961 the patient entered the David Lewis Northern Hospital, Liverpool, under the care of Dr. R. B. McConnell, with enlargement of the liver, spleen, and cervical lymph nodes.Biopsy revealed cervical reticulosarcoma (Dr.R. Winston Evans) (Fig. 1).Haemoglobin was 58% and the erythrocytes gave a positive direct Coombs test.Blood transfusion was given, also prednisolone (5 mg., t.d.s.).She remained well until September 1962, when slight spleno- megaly, inguinal lymphadenopathy, pyrexia, limb bruises, and a normal blood count were found.Steroid treatment was continued.She entered Northampton General Hospital in October 1963, ill, drowsy, and pale.Obesity was marked; there was oedema of the legs, moon face, limb purpura, massive splenomegaly, and pyrexia.Haemoglobin was 94%O, falling to 49% in a fortnight.Leucocytes fell from 3,300/c.mm. to 1,500/c.mm., and the platelet count to 60,000/c.mm.E.S.R. was 55 mm./hr.(Westergren)
On the estimation of reliabilty function in a Weibull lifetime distribution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The estimation of the reliability function of the Weibull lifetime model is considered in the presence of uncertain prior information (not in the form of prior distribution) on the parameter of interest. This information is assumed to be available in some sort of a realistic conjecture. In this article, we focus on how to combine sample and non-sample information together in order to achieve improved estimation performance. Three classes of point estimatiors, namely, the unrestricted estimator, the shrinkage estimator and shrinkage preliminary test estimator (SPTE) are proposed. Their asymptotic biases and mean-squared errors are derived and compared. The relative dominance picture of the estimators is presented. Interestingly, the proposed SPTE dominates the unrestricted estimator in a range that is wider than that of the usual preliminary test estimator. A small-scale simulation experiment is used to examine the small sample properties of the proposed estimators. Our simulation investigations have provided strong evidence that corroborates with asymptotic theory. The suggested estimation methods are applied to a published data set to illustrate the performance of the estimators in a real-life situation.
Vehicle Noise: Loudness Ratings, Loudness Models and Future Experiments with Audiovisual Immersive Simulations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Loudness complaints are still very common among hearing-aid users. Therefore, loudness is an important issue that needs to be addressed in hearing aid research to improve and optimize hearing aid fitting. Empirical data show that only 2/3 of the hearing-aid users are satisfied with the comfort of loud sounds. The topic itself is quite challenging, as loudness is a subjective measure and it can be perceived differently depending on the context and conditions. To extend the research between laboratory and field presentation, we collected the ratings of loudness and annoyance of four different land vehicles (car, van, motorcycle and street sweeper) with different speeds and behaviours in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. In this work we present and analyse the ratings of 15 normal-hearing participants and compare their average field ratings to the calculated loudness with loudness models. Furthermore, possible future immersive audiovisual experiments for lab vs reality loudness comparisons are presented.
Fezolinetant: Newer Non-hormonal Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fezolinetant is a neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist.It is the first non-hormonal drug for hot flashes at menopause, and was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in May 2023 and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) of UK for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.
Performance evaluation of the mi-mac protocol for the integration of h.264 video, voice and wap traffic over wireless cellular networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent work, we have introduced MI-MAC (Multimedia Integration Multiple Access Control), a new access control protocol for wireless cellular networks. MI-MAC was shown to be a good candidate for next generation wireless cellular networks, due to its superior performance in comparison to other (TDMA and WCDMA-based) protocols in the literature when integrating various types of multimedia traffic. In the present work we proceed further with the study of MI-MAC's efficiency, by evaluating its ability to efficiently integrate streams from latest technology video encoders with other types of packet traffic over noisy wireless networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first works in the literature to study the integration of H.264 streams with other types of multimedia traffic over wireless cellular networks.
History Matching: Towards Geologically Reasonable Models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This work focuses on the development of a new method for history matching problem that through a deterministic search finds a geologically feasible solution. Complex geology is taken into account evaluating multiple point statistics from earth model prototypes - training images. Further a function that measures similarity between statistics of a training image and statistics of any smooth model is introduced and its analytical gradient is computed. This allows us to apply any gradientbased method to history matching problem and guide a solution until it satisfies both production data and complexity of a prior model with desired accuracy. As a consequence of the approach, we sufficiently decrease the amount of forward simulations needed to resolve historical data and prior information.
Prediction of Maximal Oxygen Consumption During Handrail-Supported Treadmill Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Equations derived during non-handrail-supported treadmill exercise may be inappropriate for predicting maximum oxgyen consumption (VO2max) during tests that allow the use of front handrail support. Maximum oxygen consumption was measured during exercise tests performed on 78 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and S3 healthy persons. Each test used the Bruce protocol and allowed the use of handrail support. Step-down multiple-regression analysis found that treadmill time (TT) and age were significant predictors of VO2max. A cross-validation group (N = 17) was then tested to compare the accuracy of the equations accounting for the use of handrail support with other previously derived equations. The mean prediction error was signficantly less (P < .01) in the present equations when compared with that calculated by Bruce and colleagues' formula and by Foster and associates'. There were no differences in the prediction error between equations allowing for or not allowing for age regarding VO2max values. Bruce's and Foster's equations significantly (P < .01) overpredicted VO2max. It may therefore be concluded that (1) when handrail support is allowed during treadmill exercise, VO2max must be estimated by equations derived from data obtained during exercise that accounts for handrail support, and (2) a simple linear regression analysis using TT alone provides an accurate estimate of VO2max during treadmill tests that allow handrail support for patients with CHD and for healthy individuals.