jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
O75 Training in clinical research for the any, not the few: a pilot programme in hepatology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Everyone working in frontline NHS services is trained to deliver clinical care, but few are trained to conduct research. To ensure research remains accessible to all patients, there is a need to train future generations in the skills required to deliver it. The NIHR hepatology National Specialty Group (NSG) developed a national programme to empower trainees to use, conduct, design and lead clinical research as an NHS Consultant. Through participation in a year-long programme, trainees learn core competencies against a curriculum comprising: Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Clinical Research Methodology, Research Governance, and Conduct of Clinical Research.

Methods

We established a team of trainers and trainees to develop the programme. It is based on the principles of EBM and delivered through a mix of residential learning, on-line materials, and supervised participation in clinical research. The programme begins with a 2-day residential course and is completed at work and on-line. Online materials - developed in collaboration with NIHR Learn - include: GCP training, Evidence-based hepatology videos, critical appraisal worksheets and a forum for networking and giving feedback. Assessment is via completion of Workplace Based Assessments, coursework and a satisfactory educational supervisors report. From the outset we worked with specialty societies and the Hepatology NSG. We engaged the Specialist Advisory Committee at the Royal College of Physicians, and the NIHR Academy and CRN during development to ensure that they were fully aware of the initiative.

Results

The first cohort of 27 trainees recently completed the course, and a second similar-sized group began in September 2019. Feedback was sought from the year 1 cohort. The majority felt more robust research training was important and necessary. Everyone said the course was extremely useful or useful. Participants were empowered to be research active, and to build it into their clinical work: most were on a trial delegation log and had been involved with more than one aspect of the study. Some have also continued to recruit into studies in their current placement. Crucially, several registrars are now leading research. One obtained funding and opened a portfolio study which has recruited over 300 participants; one is a co-applicant on an NIHR grant; and another leads an industry funded study and is a co-applicant on grants from the Academy of Medical Sciences and NIHR.

Conclusions

The programme has delivered competency-based training in clinical research and generated excellent feedback and evidence of increased research engagement in the first cohort. Although the programme to date has focused on hepatology doctors, the skills taught are generic and it is our hope that it is adapted for all specialties and healthcare professions, to help build the next generation of research-ready NHS staff.
Desmopressin Reverses Overly Rapid Serum Sodium Correction in a Hyponatremic Patient Undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with end-stage liver disease are often hyponatremic due to multiple physiological processes associated with hepatic failure. For severely hyponatremic patients undergoing liver transplantation, intraoperative management of serum sodium concentration ([Na] s ) is challenging. [Na] s tends to increase during transplantation by the administration of fluids with higher sodium concentration than the patient’s [Na] s . An overly rapid increase in [Na] s (>1 mEq·L − 1 ·hour − 1 ) is difficult to avoid and increases the risk of serious perioperative complications. We report the successful use of intravenous desmopressin to reverse an overly rapid rise in [Na] s during living donor liver transplantation.
Survey of Ocular Cataracts in Radium Dial Workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A survey of the medical records of 813 female radium dial workers first exposed to radium before 1930 yielded reports of 119 cataracts in the group whose radium body burden had been measured at least once. After dividing the subjects into high and low dose groups, the data were analyzed according to latency (time between first employment and first diagnosis of cataract), duration of employment and age at first exposure. Duration of employment and age at employment showed no significant correlation with dose. Latency, however, showed a significant negative correlation with dose. Since radiation cataracts tend to occur earlier than so-called senile cataracts, these preliminary data suggest the need for further investigation.
The frequency of meiotic recombination in yeast is independent of the number and position of homologous donor sequences: implications for chromosome pairing.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We constructed diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous for LEU2 and carrying one, two, or four copies of leu2 at ectopic locations and determined the frequency of 3+:1- (LEU2:leu2) meiotic tetrads. Gene conversion between a LEU2 recipient and a leu2 ectopic donor occurred at the same frequency as did gene conversion between allelic copies of LEU2 and leu2. An increase in the number of possible ectopic donor loci did not lead to a proportional increase in the level of ectopic gene conversion. We suggest that the limiting step in meiotic recombination is the activation of a locus to become a recipient in recombination and that once activated, a locus can search the entire genome for a homologous partner with which to recombine. In this respect, this search for a homologous partner resembles the efficient premeiotic methylation/inactivation of duplicated sequences in Ascobolus and Neurospora. These observations support models in which strand exchange serves to align homologous chromosomes prior to their becoming much more fully synapsed by the elaboration of the synaptonemal complex.
THE EFFECTS OF OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND PREGNANCY ON THE UTERUS OF A MARSUPIAL SPECIES, THE QUOKKA (SETONIX BRACHYURUS)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Uteri of the marsupial species Setonix brachyurus suspended in a solution with a cation concentration similar to that of Setonix plasma ultrafiltrate, responded to oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and arginine-vasotocin at all stages of the oestrous cycle (28 days) and gestation (27 days). In cyclic intact non-pregnant animals the potency of AVP in evoking contractile responses of the uterus was greater than that of oxytocin when the myometrium was oestrogen-dominated, i.e. from about day 19 to about 2 days after oestrus. In contrast, during the luteal phase (day 7–18) the uterine muscle was much more responsive to oxytocin than to AVP, although the threshold concentration for oxytocin was raised. The uteri of bilaterally ovariectomized quokkas responded more markedly to AVP than to oxytocin after treatment of the animal in vivo with an oestrogen. The responsiveness of uteri of progesterone-treated ovariectomized quokkas to vasopressin was equal to or less than their responsiveness to oxytocin. The response of the pregnant Setonix uterus to oxytocin was always greater than that to AVP, even late in pregnancy when at the corresponding stage of the oestrous cycle in the non-pregnant quokka (day 19–23) the myometrium was more responsive to AVP than to oxytocin. At earlier stages of pregnancy there were indications of a similar degree of progesterone block to oxytocin as during the luteal phase in non-pregnant Setonix . It has frequently been assumed that the endocrine milieu in marsupials is the same during the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy. The present results suggest that there are differences.
An Enhanced Deep Network for Recognizing the Coronavirus Disease Using X-ray Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The spreading of Coronavirus (covid-19) is pushing the healthcare organizations under exceptional strain over the universe and increasing pressure concurring to the World Health Organization (WHO). With advancement of Artificial Intelligence, the discovery of this type of infection during the initial stage offers assistance in quick recuperation and in discharging the pressure on healthcare organizations. This paper presents the deep convolution network to detect the coronavirus in chest x-ray images. Due to the lack of benchmark datasets for covid-19 specifically in chest x-ray images, this work presents the framework that adopts the Generative Adversarial Network of Deep Convolution (DC-GAN). The proposed model of DC-GAN can generate a maximum of 30 different patterns for a single image and thus increases the size of dataset. It also offers assistance in overwhelming the overfitting issue and building the proposed framework more robust. The proposed model implements the transfer learning updated by the loss function using the ImageNet to attain the finest parameters from the pre-trained model. The publically available dataset is utilized to validate the proposed work. This work is validated by conducting the various experiments in various perspectives and also its performances are recorded using the measures namely accuracy, recall, precision and, F1score. These recorded results compared with the various existing methods..
X-ray scattering in the normal and incommensurate phases of Rb2ZnCl4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The static critical behaviour at the normal to incommensurate phase transition in Rb2ZnCl4 has been investigated by means of diffuse X-ray scattering. The measured values of the critical exponents gamma and nu are in good agreement with theoretical estimates for the d=3XY model. Measurements of the diffuse scattering in the incommensurate phase just below Tc are consistent with those expected if there are nearly gapless phase excitations. At lower temperatures an asymmetry develops in the predominantly acoustic mode scattering emanating from the primary satellite reflections which is attributed to coupling of acoustic and phason modes. The temperature dependence of the intensity of several higher-order satellites has been measured at temperatures just above the lock-in transition but is not understood.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Nottingham Clinico-Pathological Response Index (NPRI) after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (Neo-ACT) Accurately Predicts Clinical Outcome in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of pathological complete response (pCR), revised pathological TNM stage (yp-TNM stage), Clinical-Pathologic Scoring System (CPS) score and CPS-Oestrogen receptor-histological grade (CPS-EG) were performed for predicting breast cancer specific survival in the training (A), internal validation (B), external validation (C) and combined three cohorts (D).</p>
Studies on the physicochemical properties, structure and antitumor activity of an oligosaccharide homologue SnS-2 from the root of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An oligosaccharide homologue named SnS-2 was isolated from the root of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. SnS-2 was purified by means of gel-permeation chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. Its physicochemical properties, including carbohydrate content and molecular weight were determined. The structure of SnS-2 was elucidated by chemical methods along with H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, including two-dimensional DQCOSY and H-detected H-1, C-13 HMQC experiments. These results show that SnS-2 possesses a backbone consisting of terminal alpha-Galp-(1-->, alpha-Galp-(1-->6), alpha-Glcp-(1-->6) and nonreducing end beta-Fruf-(2-->. The bioactive assay showed that it could inhibit the growth of Lewis pulmonary carcinoma implanted in mice.
A [70]Fullerene Chloride, C70Cl16, Obtained by the Attempted Bromination of C70 in TiCl4

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tales of the unexpected: The [70]fullerene chloride C70Cl16 resulted from the reaction of [70]fullerene with a mixture of Br2 and TiCl4. A single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study revealed the presence of two isomers of C70Cl16, both containing a belt of ten chlorine atoms around the equator and a skew pyramidal cap of six chlorine atoms on the pole of the C70Cl16 molecule (see picture).
Relationship Between Cell Proliferation and Eruption Rate in the Rat Incisor

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to further define the relationship between cell proliferation and the rate of tooth eruption in the rat incisor. Vinblastine is a drug that blocks cellular mitosis and was used to inhibit cell proliferation in the odontogenic region of rat incisors that were submitted to a shortening treatment or to higher masticatory forces. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normofunctional (control group for incisor eruption), hypofunctional (incisor submitted to eruption acceleration), hyperfunctional (incisors under higher masticatory forces), hypofunctional with vinblastine and hyperfunctional with vinblastine. In incisors submitted to shortening procedures, a significant decrease in the eruption rate and cell proliferation was observed two days after vinblastine injection, suggesting that incisor eruption is dependent on cell proliferation. Anat Rec, 296:1096–1101, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radio follow-up of the γ-ray flaring gravitational lens JVAS B0218+357

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present results on multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) monitoring observations of the double-image gravitationally lensed blazar JVAS B0218+357. Multi-epoch observations started less than one month after the γ-ray flare detected in 2012 by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi, and spanned a 2-month interval. The radio light curves did not reveal any significant flux density variability, suggesting that no clear correlation between the high-energy and low-energy emission is present. This behaviour was confirmed also by the long-term Owens Valley Radio Observatory monitoring data at 15 GHz. The milliarcsecond-scale resolution provided by the VLBA observations allowed us to resolve the two images of the lensed blazar, which have a core-jet structure. No significant morphological variation is found by the analysis of the multi-epoch data, suggesting that the region responsible for the γ-ray variability is located in the core of the active galactic nuclei, which is opaque up to the highest observing frequency of 22 GHz.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in the Adult and Geriatric Population (P1.113)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare epidemiology of ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks in adult and geriatric population
Background: Rate of ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks increases with age. There is lack of evidence on how age affects treatment strategies and outcomes.
Design: We designed a retrospective cross-sectional review of patients admitted to neurology with diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) from 2010 to 2015. Obtained variables were: age, sex, risk factors, acute therapy, NIHSS on admission and discharge, and disposition. Means, confidence intervals, or percentages were calculated as appropriate.
Results: 1,457 patients were divided into two groups: younger than 80 (551 (58[percnt]) men and 405 (42[percnt]) women) and 80 and older (156 (32[percnt]) men and 331 (68[percnt]) women). Rates of stroke and TIA were similar across younger and older groups(108 vs 57 TIA and 860 vs 430 stroke respectively) Younger patients had lower admission NIHSS (mean 4.64 vs 7.84 in older group) and greater improvement on discharge: mean change -1.51 vs -1.29 accordingly, which was significant. Older patients were more likely to get intravenous (IV) tPA (14[percnt] vs 10[percnt]); adjusted p value was not significant. Older patients were more likely to have HTN, AFib, CAD (p 0.0161, 0.000, 0.0005 respectively) and less likely to be a smoker ( p 0.000). On discharge younger patients were discharged home (75.6[percnt] vs 24.4[percnt]) or to acute rehab (65.5[percnt] vs 34.4[percnt]) more frequently, regardless of tPA administration.
Conclusion: Older patients had more comorbidities (HTN, Afib, CAD), had less improvement regardless of use of IV tPA, and were more frequently institutionalized after discharge. More research is required to determine age specific approach to acute treatment of stroke. Disclosure: Dr. Navis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Skliut has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lucido has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garcia-Santibanez has nothing to disclose.
Supplemental Table 1-9 and supplemental Figure 1-12 from Long Noncoding RNA <i>GCASPC</i>, a Target of miR-17-3p, Negatively Regulates Pyruvate Carboxylase–Dependent Cell Proliferation in Gallbladder Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Table 1-9. Clinical characteristics of 5 GBC patients used for lncRNA array (Table 1). Clinicopathological characterisitcs of 42 GBC patients (Cohort 1) (Table 2). Clinicopathological characterisitcs of 89 GBC patients (Cohort 2) (Table 3). Correlation between GCASPC expression and GBC clinicopathological characteristics in 42 patients (Cohort 1) (Table 4). Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS in 89 GBC patients by Cox regression analysis (Table 5). Proteins in the three bands specific to GCASPC identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Table 6). miRNAs binding sites of GCASPC by MirTarget2 (Table 7). Information on antibodies used for correlation analysis (Table 8). Primer sequence used in this study (Table 9). supplemental Figure 1-12. Expression levels of 10 lncRNAs by qRT-PCR in 15 GBC tissues and paired non-tumor tissues (Figure 1). Expression levels of 8 mRNAs by qRT-PCR in 15 GBC tissues and paired non-tumor tissues (Figure 2). Molecular characteristics of GCASPC (Figure 3). Nucleotide sequence of the full-length human GCASPC gene (Figure 4). GCASPC has no coding capability (Figure 5). The expression level of GCASPC in gallbladder cancer cells (Figure 6). Manipulation of GCASPC expression level (Figure 7). Anti-proliferative activity of GCASPC (Figure 8). GCASPC acts in trans (Figure 9). The effect of GCASPC on the protein, activity and mRNA levels of PC (Figure 10). GCASPC destabilizes PC protein (Figure 11). GCASPC directly binds to miR-17-3p (Figure 12).</p>
Prospecting quantitative trait loci for maydis leaf blight ( MLB ) resistance using a population of teosinte‐introgressed maize ( Zea mays ssp. mays) and in silico identification of candidate MLB resistance genes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is an important fungal disease of maize causing yield losses of the magnitude of 38 to 46% worldwide. Present investigation aimed to identify stable and reliable MLB‐resistant QTLs and introgression maize lines to facilitate their utilization in future MLB resistance breeding programmes. For this purpose, 169 backcross inbred lines (BILs), derived using teosinte ( Zea mays ssp. parviglumis ) as one parent, were grown in randomized block design with two replications in two environments. The lines were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the resistant QTLs by single marker analysis (SMA) method. Also, twenty‐five most resistant and twenty‐five most susceptible lines were selected in order to mimic bidirectional selective genotyping to identify MLB‐resistant QTLs by trait‐based (SGTB) and marker‐based (SGMB) approach. Six and five MLB resistance QTLs were identified in S1 and S2, respectively, by SMA method, while twelve and eight MLB‐resistant QTLs were detected by SGTB and SGMB approach, respectively. A total of fifteen MLB resistance QTLs identified by either SMA, SGTB or SGMB co‐localized with forty‐two QTLs affecting eleven morphological traits in maize. Out of the MLB resistance QTLs detected in both S1 and S2 by SMA, two QTLs linked to marker umc2392 and umc1393 were stable. Four QTLs linked to marker umc1869, umc1720, umc1428 and umc1393 were detected by all three methods and were reliable. A total of 23 genes exhibiting response to fungal pathogens were identified by means of in silico analysis, and these may be validated further so as to be used in future maize improvement programmes.
Magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy of the vanadyl ion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic circular dichroism (m.c.d.) spectra of a series of vanadyl complexes with tetragonal symmetry have been measured in order to confirm the assignment of the d–d spectrum and to provide an estimate of the angular momentum of the excited 2E state. The spectra of the ions [VO(H2O)5]2+ and [VO(NCS)5]3– show the presence of the expected A term with the correct sign in their lowest-energy band, thus confirming the original assignment of Ballhausen and Gray. At low temperature the spectrum of the species [VO(H2O)5]2+ is dominated by C terms whose signs under the lowest-energy band again support the assignment of the lowest-energy band to the transition 2B2→2E; in addition a C term is found under the shoulder on the higher-energy side of this band showing that the transition is 2B2→2B1, which obtains its intensity through second-order spin–orbit coupling to the 2E state. An estimate is made of the orbital-reduction factor in the excited 2E state and some molecular-orbital (MO) calculations are reported in an attempt to account for the reduction. The results suggest that previous MO treatments of the vanadyl ion have overemphasized π-bonding to the axial oxygen atom and neglected π-bonding to the equatorial ligands in the antibonding orbitals. Low-temperature m.c.d. spectra of the vanadyl ion doped into K3TlCl6,2H2O are also reported.
John Leland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract John Leland (1754–1841) was one of the most influential and entertaining religious figures in early America. As an itinerant revivalist, he demonstrated an uncanny ability to connect with a popular audience and contributed to the rise of a “democratized” Christianity in America. A tireless activist for the rights of conscience, Leland also waged a decades-long war for disestablishment, advocating for full religious freedom for all. He reportedly negotiated a deal with James Madison to include a bill of rights in the Constitution for Baptist voter support. Leland would become “mad for politics” in early America, delivering political orations, publishing tracts, and mobilizing New England’s Baptists on behalf of the Jeffersonian Republicans. He crowned his political activity by famously delivering a twelve-hundred-pound cheese to Thomas Jefferson’s White House. Leland also stood among eighteenth-century Virginia’s most powerful antislavery advocates, and convinced one wealthy planter to emancipate over four hundred of his slaves. Though among the most popular Baptists in America, Leland’s fierce individualism and personal eccentricity often placed him at odds with other Baptist leaders. He refused ordination, abstained from the Lord’s Supper, and violently opposed the rise of Baptist denominationalism. Ultimately, he contributed to the radical individualization of the Baptist people in America. In the first-ever biography of Leland, Eric C. Smith recounts the story of this pivotal figure from American religious history, whose long and eventful life provides a unique window into the remarkable transformations that swept American society from 1760 to 1840.