jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Model-Based Approach to Predicting Graduate-Level Performance Using Indicators of Undergraduate-Level Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The graduate admissions process is crucial for controlling the quality of higher education, yet, rules-ofthumb and domain-specific experiences often dominate evidence-based approaches. The goal of the present study is to dissect the predictive power of undergraduate performance indicators and their aggregates. We analyze 81 variables in 171 student records from a Bachelor's and a Master's program in Computer Science and employ state-of-the-art methods suitable for high-dimensional data-settings. We consider regression models in combination with variable selection and variable aggregation embedded in a double-layered cross-validation loop. Moreover, bootstrapping is employed to identify the importance of explanatory variables. Critically, the data is not confounded by an admission-induced selection bias, which allows us to obtain an unbiased estimate of the predictive value of undergraduatelevel indicators for subsequent performance at the graduate level. Our results show that undergraduatelevel performance can explain 54% of the variance in graduate-level performance. Significantly, we unexpectedly identified the third-year grade point average as the most significant explanatory variable, whose influence exceeds the one of grades earned in challenging first-year courses. Analyzing the structure of the undergraduate program shows that it primarily assesses a single set of student abilities. Finally, our results provide a methodological basis for deriving principled guidelines for admissions committees.
Rapid effect of stressful concentration corticosterone on glutamate receptor and its subtype N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in cultured hippocampal neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study rapid effect of corticosterone (CORT) on N-methy-D-asparatic acid (NMDA) receptor activity in hippocampal neurons in stress and to elucidate its underlying membrane mechanisms. Methods:Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used to assess the effect of stressful concentration on the responses of cultured hippocampal neurons to glutamate and NMDA. To make clear the target of CORT, intracellular dialysis of CORT(10 μmol/L) through patch pipette and extracellular application of bovine serum albumin-conjugated corticosterone(CORT-BSA, 10 μmol/L)were carried out to observe their influence on peak amplitude of NMDA-evoked current. Results:CORT had a rapid, reversible and inhibitory effect on peak amplitude of Glu- or NMDA-evoked currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, CORT-BSA had the inhibitory effect on INMDA as corticosterone; but intracellu-larly dialyzed CORT had no significant effect on INMDA. Conclusion:These results suggest that under the condition of stress, CORT may rapidly, negatively regulate excitatory synaptic receptors-GluRs, especially NMDA receptor in central nervous system, which is mediated by rapid membrane mechanisms, but not by classical, genomic mechanisms.
Transcriptome analysis of three cultivars of Poria cocos reveals genes related to the biosynthesis of polysaccharides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Poria cocos (P. cocos) polysaccharides (PCPs) are used to improve immunity and possess antitumor activities. We compared three cultivars of P. cocos (5.78, XJ 28 and JHYH) PCP contents. Then we determined that malZ, galA, SORD, gnl and bglX are key enzymes within the PCP biosynthetic pathway by using HiSeq2500 transcriptome and qRT-PCR validation. Our results provide more detailed information about the PCP biosynthesis pathway at the molecular level in P. cocos and establish the functions for the molecular breeding to produce polysaccharides in general for therapeutic use in Chinese medicinal plants.
Theoritical analysis and simulation of five‐zone simulating moving bed for ternary mixture separation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the present work a mathematical model has been presented to study the behaviour of five‐zone simulating moving bed (SMB) system for the separation of a ternary mixture of certain amino acids. These are methionine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, possessing linear isotherms values. Safety margin method has been used to design the SMB system while triangle theory became the basis to calculate the operating conditions at fixed feed flow rate. It was found that for same safety factor ( β ) value in each zone, increase in β value causes the purity values of all product streams to increase up to a definite value. Further increase in β value shows the effect of decrease in separation efficiency, because of dominance of axial dispersion and mass transfer resistances. The effect of zone safety factor (zone flow rate β II , β III and β IV ) values on the separation performance of five‐zone SMB have also been investigated which remained an important issue in SMB current research. Increase in β II value results in rising tryptophan purity, phenylalanine purity improves due to increase in β III value and increase in β IV value becomes the basis for enhancing methionine purity. In column profile study, the solute concentration profile diminishes due to increase in particular separation zone safety factor value. This happened due to low column switching time with high desorbent flow rate to the system. The developed mode was run in Aspen Chromatography vis 12.1. (2004) simulator for simulation studies.
Phylogeny of Falconidae and phylogeography of Peregrine Falcons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We first examine how falcons can be integrated into avian tree of life. Then we go one step further and investigate the position of Peregrine Falcons in a comprehensive phylogeny of the falcons (genus Falco ), which was reconstructed on the basis of DNA sequences. Whether the 19 subspecies of the Peregrine Falcon can be identified genetically is examined in the next step. Recently, the question of Peregrine Falcon’s genetics in Central Europe has become of wider interest. Which subspecies was present before the collapse of populations and which currently after various reintroduction projects? Evidence is provided, that Central Europe constitutes a (natural) hybrid zone between F. p. brookei from the Mediterranean and F. p. peregrinus of northern Europe.
Psychotropic Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Cactus Seeds Extracts (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nopal a (prickly pear tree) is a kind of plant xerophytes belonging to the family of Cactaceae, the fruit is consumed exclusively in a fresh state. It is claimed to be an excellent source of natural oligoelements which may improve human health and nutrition, it also used in traditional medicine. The objective of this work is to extract and analyze the lipid fraction of prickly pear seeds (Opuntia ficus–indica L.) and to determine the psychotropic activity of prickly pear seed extracts (Opuntia ficus-indica) to achieve a primary pharmacological screening contained in these extracts (aqueous, hydro-ethanol). The oil of seeds is rich in fatty-acids poly-unsaturated, Main fatty acids identified were linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0), and palmitoleic (C16:1) acids with respective contents 81.25%, 3.70% and 15.03%. These results are returned account that the food quality of prickly pear seeds is very important and its natural source of edible oil containing of the essential fatty-acids. The study of the pharmacological activity showed that the extracts a bases seeds with the tested amounts are endowed with sedative effects, myorelaxant and tranquillizing.
Evaluation of protein–polysaccharide interactions through ζ‐potential and particle size measurements to assess their functionality in wine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Protein–polysaccharide–tannin interactions are important in every aspect of red wine production from physical stability to color, astringency, and body. For this model study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as the protein, while carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), mannoproteins, and pectin were the model polysaccharides. Each protein–polysaccharide combination was analyzed for zeta (ζ) potential and particle size at neutral pH and within the wine‐like solution. Mixtures were assessed regarding their protective, affinitive, and aggregative behaviors. Based on their individual ζ‐potentials, pectin and mannoprotein were most stable at lower concentrations. At higher concentrations, they reduced the suspension's stability and increased the aggregate sizes. CMC consistently increased the stability of any solution under neutral pH conditions. However, with increasing concentrations, these large aggregates are expected to precipitate. Fruit pectin (FP) and BSA interactions seemed to be the main factors in the formation of visible precipitates at neutral pH. FP and the mannoprotein decreased stability enough to cause precipitation without haze formation. The mannoprotein decreased particle sizes, in both the suspension and precipitation, which may indicate greater selectivity toward proteins. FP also decreased the suspended particle sizes under wine conditions. These findings demonstrate the use of ζ‐potential and particle size values to characterize macromolecular interactions in model systems and can also be used to indicate effective fining agents. Practical Application This work demonstrates the capabilities of ζ‐potential analysis paired with size particle measurements to predict and characterize the interactions between macromolecules in complex systems. The interactions between model wine macromolecules can be evaluated with this technology at a level that cannot be reached with any other analytical technique.
Aging, growth and the allocation of public expenditures on health and education

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, I develop an overlapping generations endogenous growth model in which both public education and health are sources of growth by affecting the accumulation rate of the human capital stock and the savings rate over life expectancy. I first find that dynamic complementarities of public expenditures lead to minimum threshold levels of public education and health expenditures that ensure sustainable growth. I then show how governments can use the allocation of public expenditures as an alternative policy instrument to maximize growth without increasing the tax rate or the retirement age, as usually happens in aging economies.
Efficacy of Nitrofurantoin in Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections.Nitrofurantoin, a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, is frequently used to treat UTI, including the catheter associated urinary tract infections.Materials and Methods: 300 catheterized urine samples were received in the bacteriological laboratory during the study period.The specimens were processed as per the standard bacteriological procedures.Results: Out of 300 samples included in this study a total of 76 strains were isolated and identified on the basis of culture characteristics, Gram's stain and biochemical reactions.The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility and efficacy of nitrofurantoin was analysed in various organism. Conclusion:In the present study, we found that Nitrofurantoin (NIT) drug was more effective followed by other antibiotics.This is a welcome finding in times of increasing antibiotic resistance and is a reason enough to suggest prophylactic use of Nitrofurantoin in the health care settings when in dwelling catheters become a necessity.
Wet-heat inactivation of bacterial endosp ores in packaged fruit juices

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Thermal resistance of bacterial endospores was evaluated at different temperature regimes using wet-heat inactivation process. This was with the view to determining the thermal inactivation characteristics of bacterial spores recovered from selected packaged fruit juices. The bacterial strains recovered were Bacillus subtilis K16, Bacillus coagulans B74, Bacillus cereus Y28B, Clostridium perfingens T20 and Clostridium sporogenes A63. The success of the inactivation process was determined by the ability of the inactivated spores to germinate and form colonies. The decimal reduction times (D - values) for spores f rom strains K16, B74, Y28B, T20 and A63 were 2.20, 1.78, 2.32, 2.16 and 2.0 minutes at 65 0 C, 75 0 C, 85 0 C and 95 0 C respectively. The Z values were 7.4 0 C, 8.5 0 C, 6.8 0 C, 7.6 0 C and 8.7 0 C respectively. There were high variations in the heat resistance amongst the five spore crops studied, in the order B74>T20> A63>K16>Y28B. There was a perfect correlation between the process temperature and the D-values with high correlation coefficients. The linear regression analysis of the data for all the strains fitted into the linear model Y=a + b x. More than 75.0% of the spores from Y28B were inactivated within 30 minutes of heat treatment at 65 0 C. Spores from other strains exhibited marked heat resistance at the different temperature regimes tested. Surviving sub population of spores were observed after heat treatment for 30 minutes at all temperatures tested. Therefore, temperature higher than 95 0 C may be required to inactivate bacterial spores in fruit juices.
THE ROLE PLAYED BY MUSICOLOGIST N. NIKOLAEVA AND HER SCHOOL IN VLADIMIR AXIONOV’S PROFESSIONAL FORMATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article reveals the role played by Nadejda Nikolaeva, a famous scientist-musicologist and teacher at the „P. Tchaikovsky” Moscow Conservatoire, in the formation of Vladimir Axionov’s professional qualities: a researcher scientist, a lecturer-publicist, a youth’s instructor. It is about N. Nikolaeva’s contribution to the development of historical and theoretical musicology, about her teaching principles perceived by her students including V. Axionov, that were continued and developed by him within the framework of Moldovan musicology.
Effect of Simvastatin on Eosinophilic Inflammation of Bladder Tissue in Interstitial Cystitis Rat Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the urogenital system, simvastatin is associated with interstitial cystitis adverse effects, but the exact mechanism is not yet clearly defined. This study aims to determine the effect of simvastatin on eosinophilic inflammation of bladder tissue in vivo. Laboratory experimental research design with the post-test only control group using 24 female Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into simvastatin 50mg/kg BW (n=12) or placebo carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% (n=12). All groups received treatment through oral gavage for thirty days. After that, each group was divided equally into three subgroups: control rat, day 0 Interstitial Cystitis (IC) rat (IC0), and day 3 IC rat (IC3). Control or IC0 rats each received intravesical instillation of buffered saline or protamine sulfate (PS), respectively, and were terminated immediately less than 3 hours after instillation. The IC3 rats received intravesical PS instillation and were terminated three days post-instillation. The bladder tissue was made in Hematoxylin-Eosin histology preparations. As in previous studies, the results showed successful desquamation of the urothelium after PS instillation. Tissue eosinophil counts were significantly higher in the simvastatin group than in the placebo group in the IC3 model (15.50±5.92 vs. 4.00±2.83, p=0.013). It can be concluded that the mechanism of the adverse effect of simvastatin on bladder tissue is through increased tissue inflammation mediated by eosinophils along with urothelial layer destruction by the protamine sulfate.
Perennial Canker of Apple: Seasonal Host Susceptibility, Spore Production, and Perennation ofCryptosporiopsis perennansin Infected Fruit in Eastern Washington

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on the biology of Cryptosporiopsis perennans, causal agent of perennial canker and bull's-eye rot of apple, were conducted in orchards in eastern Washington during 1987-1990. Conidia were present on apple cankers throughout the year, with numbers peaking during November-February. The incubation and latent periods were 2-3 and 5-6 mo, respectively, on cankers resulting from artificial inoculation. In contrast to cankers resulting from natural inoculation, sporulation on these cankers was highest during the first year of canker growth and then declined. Trees were most susceptible to branch infection during the period from October to March (.)
Dark counts in superconducting single-photon NbN/NiCu detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nanostripes of hybrid superconductor/ferromagnetic (S/F) NbN/NiCu bilayers and pure superconducting NbN nanostripes have been investigated in dark count experiments. Presence of a ferromagnetic layer influences the superconducting properties of the S/F bilayer, such as the critical current density and the transient photoresponse. The observed significant decrease of the dark-count rate is discussed in terms of vortex-related fluctuation models to shed more light in the intriguing question of the basic mechanism responsible for dark counts in superconducting nanostripe single photon detectors.
RENAL EFFECTS OF RILMENIDINE IN VOLUME‐LOADED ANAESTHETIZED DOGS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY 1. In anaesthetized, fluid expanded rats rilmenidine has diuretic and natriuretic effects. There is strong evidence that the natriuresis is mediated by putative imidazoline receptors. In contrast, in conscious euvolaemic dogs rilmenidine has a diuretic effect that is entirely attributable to activation of a 2 ‐adrenoceptors, but no natriuretic effect. To determine whether the effects of rilmenidine are truly species dependent, or merely dependent upon the influences of anaesthesia and volume status, we tested the effects of rilmenidine in pentobarbitone anaesthetized, volume‐loaded dogs. 2. The effects of rilmenidine in anaesthetized, volume‐loaded dogs were similar to those found in conscious euvolaemic dogs. Compared with vehicle treatment, levels of glomerular filtration rate, urine flow and haematocrit were increased following rilmenidine treatment. No effect of rilmenidine on sodium excretion was observed. 3. We conclude that the renal responses to rilmenidine in dogs are largely unaffected by anaesthesia and plasma volume status. In particular, the natriuretic effect seen in rats was not observed. We conclude that putative imidazoline receptors do not have a major influence on sodium excretion in dogs.
Viscosity of Polymer Solutions for Membrane Distillation Membrane Fabrication

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The apparent viscosity of polymer membrane solution is inversely correlated to solution temperature; therefore, as the temperature of the polymer solution increases, the apparent viscosity of the solution decreases. Understanding the relationship between temperature and apparent viscosity for any polymer membrane solution is integral to the membrane fabrication process. By performing rheology at various temperatures on this 12% PVDF membrane solution, membrane fabrication methods can be further understood and optimized.
Reduced neural connectivity but increased task‐related activity during working memory in de novo Parkinson patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from impairments in executive functions, such as working memory deficits. It is widely held that dopamine depletion in the striatum contributes to these impairments through decreased activity and connectivity between task‐related brain networks. We investigated this hypothesis by studying task‐related network activity and connectivity within a sample of de novo patients with PD, versus healthy controls, during a visuospatial working memory task. Methods: Sixteen de novo PD patients and 35 matched healthy controls performed a visuospatial n ‐back task while we measured their behavioral performance and neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We constructed regions‐of‐interest in the bilateral inferior parietal cortex (IPC), bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and bilateral caudate nucleus to investigate group differences in task‐related activity. We studied network connectivity by assessing the functional connectivity of the bilateral DLPFC and by assessing effective connectivity within the frontoparietal and the frontostriatal networks. Results: PD patients, compared with controls, showed trend‐significantly decreased task accuracy, significantly increased task‐related activity in the left DLPFC and a trend‐significant increase in activity of the right DLPFC, left caudate nucleus, and left IPC. Furthermore, we found reduced functional connectivity of the DLPFC with other task‐related regions, such as the inferior and superior frontal gyri, in the PD group, and group differences in effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network. Interpretation: These findings suggest that the increase in working memory‐related brain activity in PD patients is compensatory to maintain behavioral performance in the presence of network deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1554–1566, 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The study of the difference of toner-motion among several development systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development system in electrophotography had been numerically investigated using a three-dimensional dynamic model. The simulation of the toner dynamics in the development process was carried out using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for the electric field calculation, the superposition method for the magnetic field and the Distinct Element Method (DEM) for the calculation of particle motion in the development area. A nonmagnetic development system, a magnetic single-component development system and two-component development system were analyzed with these methods. The parameters of the development process for numerical simulation were possibly the same values for the development systems. The followings were deduced from this study. (1) The difference of particle charge distributions made the characteristic among individual development systems. (2) A nonmagnetic development system was most influenced by the space charge limit. (3) The toner chain of the magnetic single-component development system made a contribution to increasing the number of effective toner for development. (4) Toner motion in the twocomponent development system was controlled by the chargebalance of toner and carrier particles.