jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Cobra sign: A marker for overestimation of tendon retraction in proximal semimembranosus tendon avulsion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To introduce a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sign, termed the Cobra sign, and identify its diagnostic metrics. The secondary aim was to demonstrate that this sign can be a source of false evaluation of tendon retraction in patients with proximal hamstring avulsion injury. Method This retrospective cohort study targeted patients surgically treated for proximal hamstring avulsion injury from January 2019 to June 2023. The MRI Cobra sign was defined as a wavy curved T2‐hypointense band with the free end folding distally over itself, resembling a cobra head. The primary outcome measure was the characterization of the Cobra sign in patients with proximal hamstring avulsion injury. The secondary outcome was the association of this sign with tendon retraction. The study included 81 proximal hamstring avulsion injury patients (mean age of 45.7, SD = 13.9), with 41 (50.6%) complete avulsions, 33 semimembranosus, and 7 conjoint tendons. Results The MRI Cobra sign was found in 25 patients (17 semimembranosus and 8 complete). It was confirmed surgically only in semimembranosus cases. It demonstrated 51.5% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for isolated semimembranosus avulsions, with a significant positive likelihood ratio of 3.0. MRI retraction was 10.05 cm (±3.0), reducing to 7.9 cm (±2.5) on surgical measurement (mean difference = 2.0 cm, p < 0.001). The regression analysis confirmed MRI retraction's influence on the Cobra sign, with a 1.4 odds increase per unit ( p < 0.001). In linear regression analysis, each unit increase in MRI retraction corresponded to a 79% increase in surgical retraction (coefficient 0.7, t = 11.1, p < 0.001). Conclusion The Cobra sign demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy for isolated semimembranosus avulsion, with a high specificity of 83.3%, a low sensitivity of 51.5%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 3.0. The presence of the Cobra sign indicates an overestimated MRI retraction by approximately 21%. Level of Evidence Level III.
Disadvantages of Current LDL-cholesterol Lowering and the Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SAŽETAK: LDL kolesterol (LDL-K) snažan je nezavisni čimbenik kardiovaskularnog (KV) rizika na koji je moguće utjecati.Statini su danas terapija izbora u postizanju ciljnih vrijednosti LDL-K-a.Iako su u kontroliranim kliničkim ispitivanjima dokazano učinkoviti i sigurni, u praksi se često susrećemo s nepodnošenjem statina, a u značajnog dijela bolesnika i nepostizanjem ciljnih vrijednosti LDL-K-a unatoč maksimalnim dozama.U bolesnika s visokim i vrlo visokim KV rizikom i preostala eulipemijska farmakoterapija često nije dostatna.Inhibitori PCSK9 (PCSK9-I) novi su, revolucionarni lijekovi s potentnim učinkom na LDL-K.Brzi razvoj PCSK9-I-a započeo je 2003.godine otkrićem mutacije gena PCSK9 u bolesnika s porodičnom hiperkolesterolemijom.Produkt tog gena, enzim proprotein konvertaza subtilizin/keksin tip 9 (PCSK9) ima važnu ulogu u regulaciji ekspresije LDL receptora i u metabolizmu kolesterola.Istraživanjima na životinjama dokazano je da inaktivacija PCSK9 gena snizuje LDL-K s regresijom aterosklerotskih promjena aorte.Heterozigoti i homozigoti s inaktivirajućom mutacijom gena PCSK9 imaju niske vrijednosti LDL-K-a i manju pojavnost ateroskleroze.Među različitim skupinama PCSK9-I-a, snažan razvoj doživjela su monoklonska protutijela (alirokumab, evolokumab i bokocizumab).Klinička ispitivanja treće faze porodične i primarne hiperkolesterolemije sa statinskom intolerancijom ili rezistencijom pokazala su snažan povoljan učinak alirokumaba i evolokumaba na LDL-K (sniženje od 60 %), uz visoku sigurnost i dobru podnošljivost.OSLER studija s evolokumabom dokazala je i povoljne učinke na KV ishode.U tijeku je više kliničkih pokusa različitih PCSK9-I-a, u kojima se prati njihov učinak na KV pobol i smrtnost.Pozitivni rezultati tih studija potvrdili bi veliki potencijal PCSK9-I-a
Genetic Differentiation of Subpopulations of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Within Lakes of Alaska, British Columbia, and Kamchatka, Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic differentiation among subpopulations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was investigated within nine intensively sampled lake systems located throughout the species' range using allozyme allelic frequency data collected by researchers in Canada, Russia, and the United States. Allelic frequencies at up to nine highly polymorphic loci were used to examine genetic diversity among 163 samples collected from 68 distinct spawning sites and to identify subpopulation structure within lakes. Significant heterogeneity was detected among sites within all lakes. The greatest differentiation was evident among subpopulations exhibiting different run timing (earlier vs. later) or utilizing different spawning habitat (tributary vs. littoral). These findings indicate that sockeye home precisely to natal streams, not just to lake systems, and underscore the importance of conserving individual spawning sites within sockeye populations.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum CWI 82288

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: ALB002-IKB4780
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: CWI 82288
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2010
Other identifiers: n/a,CWI82288, n/a,CID 565102 SID 0, n/a,IKB4780, n/a,GID 6427155
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Included
Race and Ethnicity and Clinician Linguistic Expressions of Doubt in Hospital Admission Notes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Importance Stigmatizing language in electronic health records (EHRs) can generate or reinforce negative stereotypes about patients from minoritized groups and erode their trust and experience. However, less is known about the use of such language to cast doubt on patient clinical history in hospital settings. Objective To compare the prevalence of language expressing doubt about patient clinical history (eg, experiences and symptoms) in hospital admission notes by patient race and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, natural language processing tools were applied to analyze 54 936 admission notes from 1249 clinicians about patients aged 18 years or older at admission and hospitalized at an academic health system in the Northeast US between January 1, 2018, and February 28, 2023. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023. Exposure Patient race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and racial and ethnic minoritized groups excluding non-Hispanic Black [includes multiple racial and ethnic groups, such as Hispanic and Asian]) as recorded in the EHR based on self-report or registrar determination. Main Outcome and Measure Binary indicator for at least 1 term casting doubt on patient clinical history was defined using epistemic stance, a linguistic construct expressing a writer’s degree of certainty in information. Terms were manually validated via iterative review of notes by the study team. Results Among 56 325 admission notes (mean [SD] age of patients, 55.9 [19.0] years; 30 913 notes among female patients [54.9%]; 25 649 notes among non-Hispanic Black patients [45.5%], 26 442 notes among non-Hispanic White patients [46.9%], and 2985 notes among members of racial and ethnic minoritized groups excluding non-Hispanic Black patients [5.3%]), we analyzed 54 936 admission notes that had no missing data. Among all analyzed admission notes, 39 023 notes (71.0%) contained doubt language. Notes written about non-Hispanic Black patients had increased odds of containing at least 1 word or phrase of doubt (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14-1.28; P &amp;lt; .001) compared with notes among non-Hispanic White patients. Compared with notes among non-Hispanic White patients, notes written about members of racial and ethnic minoritized groups excluding non-Hispanic Black patients had similar odds of containing at least 1 term of doubt. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, language casting doubt on patient clinical history was more likely to be found in notes of non-Hispanic Black patients. These results suggest that with the implementation of policies allowing patients full access to their health records, examining clinical documentation standards may be associated with improved patient experience.
Parasitic mode suppression techniques for shielded Fabry-Perot cavity antennas

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small-size shielded Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity antennas suffer from higher-order parasitic modes. In this paper we investigate and compare three techniques implemented to suppress these modes and thus improve the antenna performance in terms of enlargement of the radiation and impedance bandwidths (BW), reduction of the side lobe level, and improvement of the stability of the radiation patterns versus frequency. It is shown that the optimum configuration is obtained when using a conical penetration inside the FP cavity antenna. In the optimized case, we show that the overall antenna BW (defined as the intersection between the −1 dB radiation BW and the −10 dB reflection coefficient BW) reaches 14.5% with side lobes lower than −15 dB over the entire BW.
Analysis of Volatile Components from Beef Contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes by Solid-phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important food-borne pathogens causing the decay of frozen meat and listeriosis,a deadly disease.In this paper,the volatile components of frozen beef contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes during different storage periods were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).The results indicated that the major volatile compounds in contaminated beef were benzaldhyde,hexadecane,2,5-octanedione,butyrate and hexadecanal.The HS-SPME method has many advantages such as simple operation,fast determination,solvent free and trace sample requirement during the analytic process of flavor components in frozen beef.The method allowed the onsite detection so as to ensure the food safety of frozen meat in the modern food industry.
Sociocultural Contexts of Time to First Sex Among Hispanic Adolescents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This investigation examines the sociocultural influences on risk of first sex among a representative sample of Hispanic (primarily of Mexican origin) teens living in Los Angeles County. Teen acculturation (measured as language of interview) moderates the effects of gender on risk of sex, with less acculturated teens exhibiting the greatest gender difference. Teens living with both biological parents have significantly lower risk of sex and the effect of family acculturation (measured as generational status) operates through teens' language of interview. Neither measure of parent‐youth relationship (socioemotional support, parental control) is significant. Hispanic teens living in low‐density Hispanic neighborhoods have significantly higher risk of sex than do teens living in neighborhoods with higher levels of ambient hazards. The results highlight the importance of characterizing sociocultural influences at multiple levels of aggregation.
[Hormonal treatments for disorders of sexual conduct].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because of the limits of justice, our society turns itself towards the medical need and demands efficient treatments. Mutilating neuro-surgery and treatment with estrogens have been used and then stopped. Medroxyprogesterone (MPA) and Cyproterone (CPA) acetate have been proved to be efficient in 80% of cases studied and published. However the therapeutic use of CPA is limited in France by three drawbacks: exclusive oral route of administration, lack of available biological criteria as a control of good observance and lack of official indication. Therefore the authors studied a GnRH analogue (triptorelin) which induces a reversible hormonal castration and which is administered by I.M. route monthly. It was efficient in five out of six aggressive hypersexual patients. An ethical study is proposed after which the authors call for an evolution of the mentalities about this question.
The Significance of the Concept of Mercy and Its Value in One’s Life, According to Imam Bediuzzaman Said Nursi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This work investigates the approach used by Imam Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in interpreting the Qur’anic verses on Allah being Merciful and Compassionate and attempts to understand his lively scriptural approach to the value of mercy, which makes life meaningful and purposeful. This work aims to highlight distinctive aspects and features of his approach and methodology of Qur’anic exegesis. It discusses the background, reason, and the purpose behind Imam Bediuzzaman’s approach to the issue at hand. It is also important to note that this work is not merely an intellectual enterprise but living answers to problems he personally experienced. The article presents a textual analysis to answer the research questions and address the main problem. It concludes that it is necessary to situate Nursi’s work within the context of Tawhid (Divine Unity), which constitutes the background of his entire system of thought. Through the insight of Tawhid, all that happens in this universe is the product of universal mercy and under the direct control of Merciful Lord. From the perspective of Tawhid too, the order in this universe is the manifestation of the Compassionate Creator’s practices. Indeed, Imam Bediuzzaman’s approach provides a framework for a profound understanding and interpretation of the concept of mercy and its impact on one’s life and social fabric.
Supplementary Figures 1-14, Tables 1-3 from Forkhead Transcription Factor <i>Foxq1</i> Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer Metastasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figures 1-14, Tables 1-3 from Forkhead Transcription Factor <i>Foxq1</i> Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer Metastasis
Sponsorship Disclosure and Third-Party Revelation of Instagram Influencer Advertising: Impact on The Brand and The Influencer

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Despite the regulations requiring disclosure of a paid partnership between a brand and an influencer, some influencers fail to follow them. This study examined consumer perception consequences of the interplay between Instagram influencers’ brand sponsorship disclosure and a third-party revelation of the brand sponsorship. Data were collected via an online experiment with a convenience sample of 319 college students. The results indicate that Instagram influencers’ brand sponsorship disclosure negatively impacts consumers’ perceived credibility of the influencer in two dimensions: trustworthiness and expertise. However, the influencer’s credibility in attractiveness and the brand’s perceived sincerity, both of which were significant predictors of brand attitude, were not impacted by the influencer’s disclosure of the brand sponsorship information. Further, the third-party revelation of the brand sponsorship information does not have an influence on consumers’ perceptions about the influencer or the brand. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Total joint arthroplasty. The wrist.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Total wrist arthroplasty, which has been performed in 101 patients, has proved to be a satisfactory procedure for the relief of pain and provision of mobility in the deformed wrist involved with rheumatoid arthritis. This procedure should not be performed after traumatic conditions in patients who expect to make heavy use of the wrist. Early cases were associated with technical problems in the development of the concept, but at present the procedure is reliable and is most often preferred to arthrodesis inpatients with rheumatoid arthritis.
PASINDÉN: AWAL KEHADIRANNYA DALAM PERTUNJUKAN WAYANG GOLÉK

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1930 Sindén became part of the Wayang Golek show. This phenomenon is the creativity of the puppeteer Baraja who was not satisfied with the conventional wayang golék performance. Finally Sindén presented songs that was entertainment in Wayang Golek show performances. Furthermore, the other puppeteers imitated him and in the end the sindén and the puppeteers became a unity called the “Dwi Tunggal” who complemented and worked together in the performance. In the beginning, the presence of sindén in the Wayang Golek show gave the famous sindén in the community. They have the name code (popular name) and the song that characterizes them. This phenomenon shows the dynamism of a traditional form of performance in the supporting community.
CqsA–CqsS quorum‐sensing signal‐receptor specificity in Photobacterium angustum

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary Quorum sensing ( QS ) is a process of bacterial cell–cell communication that relies on the production, detection and population‐wide response to extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. The QS system commonly found in vibrios and photobacteria consists of the CqsA synthase/ CqsS receptor pair. V ibrio cholerae CqsA / S synthesizes and detects ( S )‐3‐hydroxytridecan‐4‐one ( C 10‐ CAI ‐1), whereas V ibrio harveyi produces and detects a distinct but similar molecule, ( Z )‐3‐aminoundec‐2‐en‐4‐one ( E a‐ C 8‐ CAI ‐1). To understand the signalling properties of the larger family of CqsA–CqsS pairs, here, we characterize the P hotobacterium angustum CqsA / S system. Many photobacterial cqsA genes harbour a conserved frameshift mutation that abolishes CAI ‐1 production. By contrast, their cqsS genes are intact. Correcting the P . angustum cqsA reading frame restores production of a mixture of CAI ‐1 moieties, including C 8‐ CAI ‐1, C 10‐ CAI ‐1, E a‐ C 8‐ CAI ‐1 and E a‐ C 10‐ CAI ‐1. This signal production profile matches the P . angustum CqsS receptor ligand‐detection capability. The receptor exhibits a preference for molecules with 10‐carbon tails, and the CqsS S er 168 residue governs this preference. P . angustum can overcome the cqsA frameshift to produce CAI ‐1 under particular limiting growth conditions presumably through a ribosome slippage mechanism. Thus, we propose that P . angustum uses CAI ‐1 signalling for adaptation to stressful environments.
Accretion Disks in Galactic Centers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a new model for the dynamics of molecular clouds in the innermost ≈ 200 pc from the Galactic Center. Our analysis allows us to determine the characteristic parameters of the accretion disk as well as the positions of individual clouds with respect to the Galactic Center. Finally, we show that the results are in good agreement with independent determinations of the same parameters and discuss a physical mechanism that allows for the theoretical understanding of these parameters.
Studies on the relationship between the serum Golgi protein 73 and the HBV-related liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the levels of serum Golgi protein(GP73) (sGP73) in patients with HBV-related liver disease and investigate the role of sGP73 as an indicator for diagnosis of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC).Methods The concentration of sGP73 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB,n =31),liver cirrhosis (LC,n =60),HCC (n =71),self-limited HBV infectors (n=21 ) and healthy controls (n =42) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and statistically analyzed in combination with relevant clinical indicators.Results The median of sGP73 in HBV-related liver disease group was significantly higher than that in the groups of self-limited HBV infectors and healthy controls respectively (P＜0.01).Among the groups with HBV-related liver disease,the median of sGP73 in LC group (231.13 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in HCC without treatment group ( 117.63 ng/ml) (P ＜ 0.01 ) and CHB group (93.09 ng/ml) (P＜0.01).No significant difference was shown between HCC (without treatment) group and CHB group (P＞ 0.05),neither between self limited HBV infectors and healthy controls (respectively,36.79 ng/ml and 45.40 ng/ml) (P ＞ 0.05). The median of sGP73 in post-operation group (175.12 ng/ml,n=52) was significantly higher than in pre-operation HCC group (107.28 ng/ml,n=52) (P＜0.01).Along with the decreasing of liver function,sGP73 level was elevated in groups with HCC or LC.The receiver operating curve (ROC) constructed with the ratio of AFP and GP73 (AFP/GP73) showed a sensitivity of 78.87 ％ and specificity of 86.21 ％ with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.878 (95％ CI:0.817-0.938) for diagnosis of HCC; comparably,a sensitivity of 67.61％ and specificity of 85.12％ were shown with a AUROC of 0.826 (95％ CI:0.755-0.897) when performed with AFP.Conclusion The level of sGP73 in HBV-related liver disease group is higher than that in the groups of self-limited HBV infector and healthy control,and it is positively correlated with the degree of hepatic impairment.For the diagnosis of HCC,joint detection of AFP and GP73 could achieve a better combination of sensitivity and specificity than the independent AFP test.

Key words:
Golgi protein 73; Alpha-fetoprotein; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma
[Concentration and rate of depletion of glycogen in fast and slow rat muscles].

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we analyse a multiserver queueing model with locking. The model is motivated by a situation we encountered at a maintenance facility for trains. Maintenance is done at parallel tracks where each track offers space to two trains. Trains can enter and leave the tracks from one and the same side only. This gives rise to locking of the front train: in order to leave the maintenance track the front train has to wait till maintenance of the back train (if there is one) has also been completed. Hence, part of the maintenance (or track) capacity is lost. The queueing model is used to investigate the loss of capacity and its effect on sojourn times. The performance of this system is also compared with other designs. A surprising result is that in light traffic it is better to use only half of the track capacity by allowing no more than one train at a maintenance track.