jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Different cellular drug resistance profiles in childhood lymphoblastic and non-lymphoblastic leukemia: a preliminary report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The better prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) than of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in children, and the often observed better prognosis of myeloid-antigen (MyAg) negative ALL than of MyAg-positive ALL, may be related to differences in cellular drug resistance. We therefore compared the resistance to 12 drugs of 125 ALL and 28 ANLL samples with the MTT assay. ALL samples were median > 75-fold more sensitive to the glucocorticoids prednisolone and dexamethasone (p < 0.00001), and 2-fold more sensitive to vincristine (p = 0.05) than ANLL samples. Differences for the other drugs were not significant. MyAg-negative ALL samples were more sensitive to glucocorticoids than MyAg-positive ALL-samples (p < or = 0.04). Prednisolone, and dexamethasone if tested, had a stimulatory effect on leukemic cell survival in 36% of ANLL, but in only 2% of ALL samples (p < 0.0001). Vincristine, and vindesine if tested, had a similar effect in 11% of ANLL, and in 4% of ALL samples (p = 0.11). We conclude that the more favorable response of ALL against ANLL to combination chemotherapy in children may be explained by the higher antileukemic activity of glucocorticoids and of vincristine in ALL, while none of the drugs was more active in ANLL. Similarly, the better prognosis of MyAg-negative ALL than of MyAg-positive ALL may be explained by a relative sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids and vinca-alkaloids induced leukemia cell proliferation in part of the samples, most frequently in ANLL. The findings may be useful in the design of new chemotherapeutic regimens for ALL and ANLL.
Blind Deblurring Method for CASEarth Multispectral Images Based on Inter-Band Gradient Similarity Prior

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multispectral remote sensing images contain abundant information about the distribution and reflectance of ground objects, playing a crucial role in target detection, environmental monitoring, and resource exploration. However, due to the complexity of the imaging process in multispectral remote sensing, image blur is inevitable, and the blur kernel is typically unknown. In recent years, many researchers have focused on blind image deblurring, but most of these methods are based on single-band images. When applied to CASEarth satellite multispectral images, the spectral correlation is unutilized. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel approach that leverages the characteristics of multispectral data more effectively. We introduce an inter-band gradient similarity prior and incorporate it into the patch-wise minimal pixel (PMP)-based deblurring model. This approach aims to utilize the spectral correlation across bands to improve deblurring performance. A solution algorithm is established by combining the half-quadratic splitting method with alternating minimization. Subjectively, the final experiments on CASEarth multispectral images demonstrate that the proposed method offers good visual effects while enhancing edge sharpness. Objectively, our method leads to an average improvement in point sharpness by a factor of 1.6, an increase in edge strength level by a factor of 1.17, and an enhancement in RMS contrast by a factor of 1.11.
Physicochemical, morphological, thermal, pasting, and textural properties of starch acetates

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Acetylated starches are a commercially important group of modified starch known for their reduced retrogradation tendency, high clarity, low viscosity, high swelling power, and lower gelatinization temperature and time. Due to these remarkable properties, acetylation is a commonly used chemical modification for preparing stabilized starches. This review summarizes the methods used for preparation of starch acetates and corresponding effects of acetylation on morphological, thermal, pasting, digestibility, textural, and other functional characteristics of starches isolated from various botanical sources. Starch acetates are also useful as packaging material, as wall material for encapsulating active ingredients, and to improve the storage stability of different products.
Complete Specification of DDM Mechanisms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The specification of DDM (Distributed Decision-Making) algorithms is addressed. The modeling technique presented is based on well-known extensions to Petri-Nets (PNs). Transition-enabling functions with a domain corresponding to the marking of a net are used to express the semantics of decision-making. Furthermore, the algorithm structural characteristics of global state representation and topology are incorporated. Finally, the dynamic nature of evolution of system state, interaction with processes external to the computation, and the interprocess communication aspects of the mechanism are also modeled. The elements of analysis associated with this model are described, but not detailed in the scope of this paper.
Curcumin Enhances the Antitumoral Effect Induced by the Recombinant Vaccinia Neu Vaccine (rV-neuT) in Mice with Transplanted Salivary Gland Carcinoma Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The survival rate for head and neck cancer patients has not substantially changed in the last two decades. We previously showed that two rV-neuT intratumoral injections induced an efficient antitumor response and rejection of transplanted Neu (rat ErbB2/neu oncogene-encoded protein)-overexpressing salivary gland tumor cells in BALB-neuT mice (BALB/c mice transgenic for the rat ErbB2/neu oncogene). However, reiterated poxviral vaccinations increase neutralizing antibodies to viral proteins in humans that prevent immune response against the recombinant antigen expressed by the virus. Curcumin (CUR) is a polyphenol with antineoplastic and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to employ CUR administration to boost the anti-Neu immune response and anticancer activity induced by one rV-neuT intratumoral vaccination in BALB-neuT mice. Here, we demonstrated that the combined rV-neuT+CUR treatment was more effective at reducing tumor growth and increasing mouse survival, anti-Neu humoral response, and IFN-γ/IL-2 T-cell release in vitro than the individual treatment. rV-neuT+CUR-treated mice showed an increased infiltration of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes within the tumor as compared to those that received the individual treatment. Overall, CUR enhanced the antitumoral effect and immune response to Neu induced by the rV-neuT vaccine in mice. Thus, the combined treatment might represent a successful strategy to target ErbB2/Neu-overexpressing tumors.
Simulating systems of systems using situation/reaction paradigm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Modeling and simulation play a major role in complex system engineering. In Systems of Systems (SoS) engineering, a special case of complex systems engineering, they help to better understand and identify the side effects associated with the integration of autonomous constituent systems. Simulation is also a way of apprehending the emerging behaviors from this integration. The dynamic and evolving nature of the SoS environment has led us to rely on their most stable part to define them, namely their mission. In this paper, we propose a simulation framework for SoS based on a mission conceptual model. Mission is defined as a set of situations that require reactions. Situations are defined by rules on facts related to the SoS environment. Reactions are defined as orchestrations of services from constituent systems (subsystems) that must be triggered when a situation is identified. We present this simulation approach through a case study on a Telediabet SoS.
Intimal proliferation and restenosis in paclitaxel-eluting stents with aminoparylene as carrier substance in swines.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PTs with aminoparylene as a carrier substance show similar late loss and angiographic restenosis to that of BM and CCS. The incidence of inflammatory reactions (35% of all histologic sections) is similar in all stents, but highest in PES. The mechanism of this reaction is unclear, but may be either due to the drug itself, the disruption of the LEI or to a hypersensitivity reaction.
Characterization of dealloying and associated stress corrosion cracking: The effect of crystallographic orientation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Selective dissolution (dealloying) of more reactive elements from a solid solution alloy can result in the formation of a nanoporous surface layer enriched in the more noble elements. For example, in Alloy 800 (wt.% Fe-32Ni-21Cr), a remnant nanoporous Ni-rich film is formed following the selective dissolution of Fe and Cr in boiling 50 wt.% NaOH caustic solutions (135–140 °C). This surface film has been proposed to act as a precursor to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) by a cleavage mechanism. This study investigates the effect of crystallographic orientation on the characteristics of a dealloyed layer (i.e., thickness and size of ligaments/pores) formed on Alloy 800. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) is used to correlate grain orientation with the geometry and morphology of the dealloyed layer formed in the boiling caustic environment. Results indicate that the dealloyed layer formed on grains with planes close to the {111} family on the sample surface, has a finer geometry (i.e., a thinner layer compared with other grain orientations and consisting of smaller diameter ligaments). Further SCC experiments on Alloy 800 specimens revealed a lower density of cracks initiated from surface planes that were close to {111}, confirming a link between dealloyed layer geometry, texture, and SCC.
Waiting Game: Optimally Provisioning Fixed Resources for Cloud-Enabled Schedulers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While cloud platforms enable users to rent computing resources on demand to execute their jobs, buying fixed resources is still much cheaper than renting if their utilization is high. Thus, optimizing cloud costs requires users to determine how many fixed resources to buy versus rent based on their workload. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a waiting policy for cloud-enabled schedulers, which is the dual of a scheduling policy, and show that the optimal cost depends on it. We define multiple waiting policies and develop simple analytical models to reveal their tradeoff between fixed resource provisioning, cost, and job waiting time. We evaluate the impact of these waiting policies on a year-long production batch workload consisting of 14Mjobs run on a 14.3k-core cluster, and show that a compound waiting policy decreases the cost (by 5%) and mean job waiting time (by 7×) compared to a fixed cluster of the current size.
Replication data for: Peers, Neighborhoods, and Immigrant Student Achievement: Evidence from a Placement Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine to what extent immigrant school performance is affected by the characteristics of the neighborhoods that they grow up in. We address this issue using a refugee placement policy that provides exogenous variation in the initial place of residence in Sweden. The main result is that school performance is increasing in the number of highly educated adults sharing the subject's ethnicity. A standard deviation increase in the fraction of high-educated in the assigned neighborhood raises compulsory school GPA by 0.8 percentile ranks. Particularly for disadvantaged groups, there are also long-run effects on educational attainment. (JEL I21, J15, R23)
Gross Alpha and Beta Activity Concentrations in Portable Drinking Water in Ado- Ekiti Metropolis and the Committed Effective Dose

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Portable water consumption has been the fastest growing and the most dynamic sector of all the food and beverage industry. Radionuclides in water is primarily a problem for water supplies which extract water from drilled holes in rocks or from springs flowing through areas with crystalline rocks. The ingested radionuclides accumulate in the human body primarily through the intake of food and water. This study determined the gross alpha- and beta-activity of major portable water sachets produced and sold by some portable water producing companies in Ado – Ekiti, and estimated the committed effective dose. The total gross alpha and beta activity concentrations in the portable drinking water within Ado-Ekiti metropolis in Ekiti state Nigeria ranged from 20 mBq/L to 357.8 mBq/L. The mean effective committed dose values of 0.15 mSv/y for children under 17 years and 0.03 mSv/y for adults obtained are below the recommended reference level of 0.1 mSv/y as suggested by WHO.
(Wo)Men’s Land - Land Policy Development and Land Reform in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, the currently much debated issues of Land Policy Development and Land Reform are discussed. The authors use existing theories on the topic and these are then applied on three East African case countries; namely Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. The authors recognise the especially deprived role of women’s land related rights and this matter is given extra attention. It is concluded that the three countries do recognise land reform as one of the main means in fighting poverty and achieving economic growth. Many different policy sectors are much dependent on how land is used, not at least the agricultural sector which accounts for providing the absolute majority of these countries’ populations with a livelihood. The important role of women is also taken seriously upon, at least in the political rhetoric. In the statutory laws, women have been given the same rights as men. However, in the rural areas, it is customary rules and attitudes that are followed, leaving women with few rights or options to decide over their own situation.
A Study of the Reactions of Secondary Grammar School Students to Indigenous Moral Values in Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present article investigates the reactions of Nigerian secondary school adolescents to some indigenous moral values. Indigenous moral values are operationally defined as values that are native or original to Nigeria and largely uninfluenced by exotic forces. Indigenous moral education, or character training, is defined as the systematic instruction of pupils in these moral values. Before the introduction of Oriental and Western cultures into what is now known as Nigeria, indigenous moral values such as respect for and obedience to elders and other authority figures were inculcated in Nigerian youth. For example, children were not allowed to intrude into the discussions and arguments of elders and they were taught to accept without question the responsibilities and duties assigned to them. In exercising social control, traditional African societies stressed that children obey instructions implicitly, and deviations from cultural norms were severely frowned upon. Traditional African society also emphasized a strong sense of communal life, reflected in community ownership of land and social justice and social control through the family, agegroups, and elders (Amadi, 1982; Nduka, 1980; Sofola, 1973). Individual actions were to be carried out in harmony with nature, and the needs and interests of the individual were deemed secondary to those of the group (Okoh, 1982). With the introduction of Western education into Nigeria, adolescents were encouraged to disregard traditional beliefs and customs that placed emphasis on values such as communalism, respect, and obedience (Nduka, 1975). As Nduka (1974) notes, traditional African moral values constituted an obstacle to the Western system of thought aimed at empowering individuals to engage in critical thinking for individualized self-development and self-actualization. Notwithstanding, indigenous moral education seems to be regaining its importance in Nigeria's educational institutions. The inculcation in
Estimation of carbon stocks from tree stands vegetation in Universitas Indonesia’s urban forest, Depok

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Urban forest has a function as CO 2 emissions absorbers derived from human activities around the city. Universitas Indonesia (UI) Urban’s Forest is one of the Urban Forest which has potential carbon stocks. A study has been conducted to analyze the potential of carbon stocks and tree stands that have the highest carbon stock in UI Urban’s Forest. Tree stands are woody vegetation with a diameter ≥ 20 cm. The research was conducted in October-November 2017 in UI Urban’s Forest area covering three locations, west Wallace, east Wallace, and natural vegetation. Method of collecting data of vegetation was done by nondestructive sampling by measuring Breast Height Diameter (DBH). Data processing uses allometric equations with the specific wood density of each tree species. Results showed that the potential of carbon stocks in UI Urban’s Forest is 468.02 ton/ha with west Wallace, east Wallace, and natural vegetation are 138.62 ton/ha, 162.75 ton/ha, and 182.64 ton/ha. Overall, potential carbon stocks in UI Urban’s Forest is 11752.48 ton/ha. Species of trees with the highest potential of carbon stocks is Delonix regia .
Modeling local decoherence of a spin ensemble using a generalized Holstein-Primakoff mapping to a bosonic mode

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show how the decoherence that occurs in an entangling atomic spin-light interface can be simply modeled as the dynamics of a bosonic mode. Although one seeks to control the collective spin of the atomic system in the permutationally invariant (symmetric) subspace, diffuse scattering and optical pumping are local, making an exact description of the many-body state intractable. To overcome this issue we develop a generalized Holstein-Primakoff approximation for collective states which is valid when decoherence is uniform across a large atomic ensemble. In different applications the dynamics is conveniently treated as a Wigner function evolving according to a thermalizing diffusion equation, or by a Fokker-Planck equation for a bosonic mode decaying in a zero temperature reservoir. We use our formalism to study the combined effect of Hamiltonian evolution, local and collective decoherence, and measurement backaction in preparing nonclassical spin states for application in quantum metrology.
First echoes of relativity in Argentine astronomy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We consider the attitude of astronomers in Argentina in connection with the new problems posed by relativity theory, before and after GR was presented. We begin considering the sequence of "technical" publications that appeared and use it to attempt to identify who were the relativity leaders and authors in the Argentina scientific community of the 1910-1920s. Among them there are natives of Argentina, permanent resident scientists, and occasional foreign visitors. They are either academic scientists, or high school teachers; we leave aside the {\it philosophers} and the {\it aficionados}. We discuss the scientific facts and publications they handled, the modernity of their information and the "language" they use to transmit their ideas. Finally, we consider astronomers proper; first Charles Perrine, an astronomer interested in astrophysics, contracted by the government of Argentina in the USA as director of its main observatory. He became interested in testing the possible deflection of light rays by the Sun towards 1912; his Argentine expedition was the first to attempt that test. Perhaps Perrine was not so much interested in relativity as in testing the particular astronomical effects it predicted. In any case, he attempted the test with the acquiescence and financial support of the Argentine state, and as a leading member of its official scientific elite. We contrast his very specific and strictly scientific efforts with those of our second astronomer, José Ubach, SJ, a secondary school teacher of science at a leading Buenos Aires Catholic school who reported in response to Eddington's expedition. Finally, our third astronomer is Félix Aguilar, who made an effort to contribute to the public understanding of Einstein's theories in 1924, when Einstein's visit to Argentina had become a certainty. [abridged]
Characterization of InGaAlAs/InAlAs/InP heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, intersubband absorption of Ino.53Gao.3Alo.17As/Ino.52Alo.48As multiple quantum well (MQW) structures using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and its verification with photoluminescence (PL) and theoretical calculation are studied. Conduction band offset of the MQW derived from varying temperature I-V measurements, and characteristics of Ino.53Gao.12Alo.35As/Ino.52Alo.4sAs heterojunctions are also investigated
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery of Super-obese Patient with Intractable Anterior Abdominal Wall Cellulitis: A Rare Challenge to Anaesthesiologist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity has become an epidemic problem worldwide. Obesity and its related comorbidities present a variety of challenges to anaesthesiologist. Bariatric surgery is the best treatment modality for patients who do not respond to dietary restriction and medical management. An anaesthesiologist should be experienced enough to handle the airway, pain, fluid management and acidosis in the obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss was planned for a 48-yearold, super-obese male patient (weight 187 kg, height 155 cm, BMI 77 kg/m2 ) with anterior abdominal wall cellulitis which was not responding to antibiotics. On pre-operative examination, patient had a short thick neck, Grade 3 mallampati class, mild obstructive sleep apnoea and hypertension. Patient was given trial of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in pre-operative period. Induction of anaesthesia was done in the semi-sitting position. Maintenance was provided with desflurane, oxygen/air mixture and dexmedetomidine infusion. However, patient had delayed recovery. Extubation was done on return of spontaneous ventilation and when patient was awake. He was initially put on CPAP and later on, reintubation was done as he was unable to maintain saturation in immediate post-operative period.
The relationship between preferred luminance and TV screen size

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of our study is to clarify the realistic viewing conditions surrounding flat panel display television (FPD TV) and the relationship between preferred luminance and TV screen size, as flat panel display TV is becoming increasingly popular. We have conducted an investigation of TV viewing conditions at homes. Our study of viewing conditions indicates that the viewing distance at home is 3 times of absolute display height at minimum with an average of 2.5m and mean screen illuminance is 100-300 lx. We also have conducted an investigation of the relationship between preferred luminance and TV screen size using LCD TV. Our study indicates that the most preferred luminance depends on visual angle (screen size and viewing distance). At fixed viewing distance, the most preferred luminance depends on TV screen size. As TV screen size gets larger, the most preferred luminance becomes darker. And in home, most preferred luminance of distance 3 times of absolute display height (3H) and screen illuminance at 180 lx is approximately 240cd/m2. And as the screen illuminance becomes darker, the most preferred luminance becomes darker while the most preferred luminance depends on visual angle.