jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Pathogenesis Study and Gene Therapy for Vascular Disorders: Current Progress and Future Challenges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular disorders are complex diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Among them, the dilated macrovascular diseases (MVD), such as aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection, have presented a huge threat to human health. The pathogenesis of vascular diseases is mostly associated with property alteration of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Studies have confirmed that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be proliferated and differentiated into other somatic cells, such as VECs and VSMCs. And patient-specific cells could provide detailed human-associated information in regard to pathogenesis or drug responses. In addition, differentiated ECs from iPSC have been widely used in disease modeling as a cell therapy. In this review, we mainly discussed the application of hiPSCs in investigating the pathological mechanism of different inherited vascular diseases and provide a comprehensive understanding of hiPSCs in the field of clinical diagnosis and gene therapy.
Discovering strategic multi-agent behavior in a robotic soccer domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method for multi-agent strategic modeling (MASM) applied in a robotic soccer domain. The method transforms multi-agent action sequences into a visual graph-based diagram, called action graph. Graph nodes are further augmented with additional domain knowledge. Using hierarchical clustering, action graph nodes are merged by utilizing domain-specific distance function. This step results in an abstract graphical model of agent behavior. Then, sub-graphs describing relevant agent behavior are used as input for association rule mining algorithm. The final output of MASM are strategic action concepts in the form of abstract action graph and association rules.
Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotope Fractionation in the Photochemical SO2 Processes under the UV Radiation of Different Wave Length

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of photochemical experiments with sulfur dioxide were carried out using a xenon lamp (λ > 200 nm), a low-pressure mercury lamp (λ = 184.9 and 253.7 nm), and an UP-213 laser system (λ = 213 nm) as light sources. Based on the isotope data obtained for elemental sulfur (the end product of SO2 photolysis), we revealed specifics in correlations between δ34S, ∆33S, and ∆36S values depending on the spectral characteristics of the incident radiation. Our studies showed that the Archean Δ33S/δ34S and Δ36S/Δ33S ratios could be reproduced in the SO2 photolysis experiments by combining spectral composition of the radiation, the intensity of the spectral components, and the partial pressure of SO2. The results of the experiments suggest that the UV radiation with wavelengths less than 200 nm was a determining factor in the production of sulfur isotopic anomalies in the Archean atmosphere.
Guy Aiken, <em>A Testament of Devotion and Thomas Kelly, Augustinian Quaker</em> (Leiden: Brill, 2021), pp. 79. ISBN 9789004459243. Paperback, £70.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book review of Guy Aiken, A Testament of Devotion and Thomas Kelly, Augustinian Quaker (Leiden: Brill, 2021), pp. 79. ISBN 9789004459243. Paperback, £70.
Community Health Worker Leadership In Louisiana, During and After Hurricane Katrina

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Community Health Worker Leadership In Louisiana, During and After Hurricane Katrina Catherine G. Haywood BSW, Dana R. Feist MEd, Meredith K. Sugarman MPH, Pascaline Ezouah MPH, and Ashley Wennerstrom PhD, MPH Affiliation Catherine G. Haywood and Dana R. Feist are with the Louisiana Community Health Outreach Network, New Orleans. Meredith K. Sugarman, Pascaline Ezouah, and Ashley Wennerstrom are with the Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Ashley Wennerstrom is also with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Louisiana State University, New Orleans.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent to Ashley Wennerstrom, Associate Professor, LSU Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112 (e-mail: awenne@lsuhsc.edu). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints" link.CONTRIBUTORSThe authors contributed equally to this editorial. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305741 Accepted: April 22, 2020 Published Online: September 09, 2020
Quantifying prion disease penetrance using large population control cohorts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than 100,000 genetic variants are reported to cause Mendelian disease in humans, but the penetrance - the probability that a carrier of the purported disease-causing genotype will indeed develop the disease - is generally unknown. Here we assess the impact of variants in the prion protein gene (PRNP) on the risk of prion disease by analyzing 16,025 prion disease cases, 60,706 population control exomes, and 531,575 individuals genotyped by 23andMe, Inc. We show that missense variants in PRNP previously reported to be pathogenic are at least 30× more common in the population than expected based on genetic prion disease prevalence. While some of this excess can be attributed to benign variants falsely assigned as pathogenic, other variants have genuine effects on disease susceptibility but confer lifetime risks ranging from <0.1% to ~100%. We also show that truncating variants in PRNP have position-dependent effects, with true loss-of-function alleles found in healthy older individuals, supporting the safety of therapeutic suppression of prion protein expression.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ENGLISH LOANWORD IN THE CYBER CRIME COLUMN IN KOMPAS DIGITAL NEWSPAPER

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language gets the effect of the development in recent era. Some languages receive the development from the other languages such as foreign languages. The loanwords are the words which are adapted from other languages. Many Indonesian words are gained from English. This study was aimed at analyzing and describing the types of English loanwords used in Kompas digital newspaper in the categories of simple word, complex word, and translated word. The researchers used a qualitative descriptive method. The object of this research is the loanword derived from English in the cyber crime column of the Kompas digital newspaper in April and May 2022. The result of the study was that there were 56 English loanwords which were written in Kompas digital newspaper taken from selected columns in April and May 2022. The English loanwords categories analyzed were the simple word, complex word, and translated word. There were 26 English loanwords found as simple word. Then, there were 18 English loanwords found as complex word. Finally, there were 12 English loanwords found as translated word. The simple word of English loanword is the most frequently used in Kompas digital newspaper. Meanwhile, the translated word of English loanword is the least frequent one.
On Protecting Farmers’ New Varieties: New Approaches to Rights on Collective Innovations in Plant Genetic Resources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Current farmers’ breeding goes beyond the gradual selection in landraces, and includes development and maintenance of major new farmers’ varieties that are rather uniform, in particular in South-East Asia. Modern varieties developed in the formal sector have simply replaced landraces as the source of diversity, but have not abolished farmers’ breeding practices. Interpretations of the new international agreements on plant genetic resources should protect the development of modern farmers’ varieties. However, ensuring recognition of collective innovation, allowing access to relevant germplasm sources for farmers’ breeding activities, keeping materials freely available, and arranging for effective benefit sharing, all form major challenges. This paper proposes a new protective measure: namely “origin recognition rights.”
Emergency Nursing Countermeasures and Experience of Patients with Primary Liver Cancer Nodule Rupture and Hemorrhage

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective. To explore the emergency nursing countermeasures and nursing experience of patients with primary liver cancer nodule rupture and hemorrhage. Methods. 30 patients with primary liver cancer nodule rupture and hemorrhage treated in our hospital since January 2020 after the implementation of emergency nursing countermeasures were selected as the observation group, and another 30 patients with primary liver cancer nodule rupture and hemorrhage treated in our hospital before January 2020 were selected as the control group. The control group received basic nursing intervention, while the observation group received emergency nursing measures. The hemoglobin level, blood oxygen saturation monitoring value, and partial pressure of oxygen of patients with hemorrhagic shock due to nodular rupture of primary liver cancer were compared between the two groups at admission and after nursing care. All indexes of patients during the perioperative period were recorded. The incidence of complications, mortality, and nursing satisfaction rates of the patients’ families were compared between the two groups. Results. After nursing care, the observation group’s patients’ hemoglobin level, blood oxygen saturation monitoring value, and partial pressure of oxygen were higher than those of the control group’s patients ( P < 0.05 ). The intraoperative bleeding volume, shock correction time, and discharge time of patients in the observation group were lower than those of patients in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of complications and mortality in the observation group was significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The nursing satisfaction rate of patients in the observation group was higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The results of emergency nursing intervention in patients with primary liver cancer rupture and hemorrhage are reliable, which can significantly improve perioperative indicators of patients, reduce complications and mortality, improve nursing satisfaction, and effectively shorten the hospital stay of patients.
Specific features of the regulatory definition of incentive criminal sanctions for criminal offences and the ways to improve their application

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The subject matter of the article is incentive sanctions as a type of criminal law sanctions in the context of their application when a person commits such type of criminal offences as criminal misdemeanours. The study of such sanctions is aimed at identifying the problems of their regulatory definition and finding possible ways to improve these sanctions. Given that there is a significant number of studies on incentive sanctions of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the article focuses on the sanctions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine which are incentive sanctions and may be applied for criminal offences. In researching this issue, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the dialectical method and the method of comparison were mainly used. The first study of the problems of regulatory certainty of incentive sanctions for criminal offences has been carried out, and the shortcomings of the regulatory definition of certain sanctions have been identified and the problems of their application have been clarified, taking into account the content of the dispositions of such articles. Among the incentive sanctions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the sanctions contained in Part 3 of Article 175, Part 4 of Article 309, Part 4 of Article 311, Part 6 of Article 361 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are considered. In the course of the study, the article reveals the shortcomings of the statutory definition of such sanctions with due regard to the dispositions of certain articles. Based on this, and taking into account the doctrinal approaches, the study provides substantiated proposals for improving the regulatory certainty of incentive criminal sanctions under these articles. The suggested proposals may be considered in the course of rule-making and, if enshrined in the CC of Ukraine, will contribute to more efficient application of incentive provisions and achievement of the purpose of their application. In this regard, the problems of regulatory definition of incentive sanctions under Part 3 of Article 175, Part 4 of Article 309, Part 4 of Article 311, Part 6 of Article 361 of the CC of Ukraine are analysed and reasonable proposals for their improvement are made with due regard to the purpose of application of such sanctions.
[Acyclovir in the therapy of herpesvirus infections].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intravenous acyclovir was tested both prophylactically and therapeutically in herpes infections in 48 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Pretransplant prophylaxis only partly eliminated reactivated infections. Treatment of established mucocutaneous infections was usually successful, also in relapsing cases, when initiated within hours of the appearance of lesions. Extensive lesions, superinfections and dissemination could thus be prevented in this group of severely immunocompromised patients.
Signal processing on graphs: Transforms and tomograms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using projections on the (generalized) eigenvectors associated to matrices that characterize the topological structure, several authors have constructed generalizations of the Fourier transform on graphs. By exploring mappings of the spectrum of these matrices we show how to construct more general transforms, in particular wavelet-like transforms on graphs. For time-series, tomograms, a generalization of the Radon transforms to arbitrary pairs of non-commuting operators, are positive bilinear transforms with a rigorous probabilistic interpretation which provide a full characterization of the signals and are robust in the presence of noise. Here the notion of tomogram transform is also extended to signals on arbitrary graphs
Training of TVET Teachers and Teacher-Trainers in the Asia-Pacific Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Colombo Plan Staff College for Technician Education (CPSC), Manila, is a regional organization which aims to improve the quality and relevance of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in the Asia-Pacific region. CPSC is entirely devoted to the cause of strengthening training, research and development activities in TVET in its nineteen member countries.
Study protocol for a mixed methods prospective cohort study to explore experiences of care following a suicidal crisis in the Australian healthcare system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction For individuals presenting to the emergency department (ED) for a suicide attempt, the period after discharge from hospital is marked by heightened vulnerability for further suicide attempts. Effective care following a suicidal crisis has the potential to significantly decrease this risk. The current study aims to examine the impact of the LifeSpan multilevel suicide prevention model on experiences of care following a suicidal crisis. Perspectives from healthcare consumers (individuals who have presented to the ED following a suicidal crisis), carers, and health professionals will be explored. The LifeSpan model is currently being evaluated as a high-fidelity trial in four geographically defined regions in New South Wales, Australia. Methods and analysis This study will use a mixed methods prospective cohort design. Quantitative data collection includes a structured survey, administered to healthcare consumers from LifeSpan sites and control sites. Two cohorts of healthcare consumers will be recruited 12 months apart with baseline assessment occurring within 18 months of the ED presentation, and follow-up 12 months after the initial assessment. Survey participants will be recruited online and through participating EDs, mental health organisations and aftercare services. Qualitative interview data from healthcare consumers, carers who have accompanied a loved one to the ED following a suicidal crisis and health professionals who provide care to people at risk of suicide will be collected concurrently with the recruitment of the first cohort of survey participants. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques will be used for recruitment of interview participants. The primary outcome for this study will be healthcare consumers’ experiences of service provided at the ED. Analysis will be undertaken of the change over time within LifeSpan sites, as well as between LifeSpan sites and control sites, using mixed effects repeated measures models as principal means of data analysis. Ethics and dissemination This research has been approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/17/HNE/144). Results will be disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ACTRN12617000457347.
Reactive oxygen species are involved in nickel inhibition of DNA repair

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nickel has been shown to inhibit DNA repair in a way that may play a role in its toxicity. Since nickel treatment increases cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we have investigated the involvement of ROS in nickel inhibition of DNA repair. Inhibition of glutathione synthesis or catalase activity increased the enhancing effect of nickel on the cytotoxicity of ultraviolet (UV) light. Inhibition of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities also enhanced the retardation effect of nickel on the rejoining of DNA strand breaks accumulated by hydroxyurea plus cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside in UV-irradiated cells. Since DNA polymerization and ligation are involved in the DNA-break rejoining, we have investigated the effect of ROS on these two steps in an extract of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Nickel inhibition of the incorporation of (3H)dTTP into the DNase I-activated calf thymus DNA was stronger than the ligation of poly(dA) x oligo(dT), whereas H2O2 was more potent in inhibiting DNA ligation than DNA polymerization. Nickel, in the presence of H2O2, exhibited a synergistic inhibition on both DNA polymerization and ligation and caused protein fragmentation. In addition, glutathione could completely recover the inhibition by nickel or H2O2 alone but only partially recover the inhibition by nickel plus H2O2. Therefore, nickel may bind to DNA-repair enzymes and generate oxygen-free radicals to cause protein degradation in situ. This irreversible damage to the proteins involved in DNA repair, replication, recombination, and transcription could be important for the toxic effects of nickel.
[Sequence of events in the process of factor-promoted translocation in the ribosome].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A system of translation of matrix-bound poly(U) by purified Escherichia coli ribosomes was used to obtain pre-translocation state ribosomes in columns and then to induce translocation under controlled conditions by passing the elongation factor G (EF-G) with the non-cleavable GTP analog (guanylyl-methylene diphosphonate). It has been shown that translocation in the ribosome, checked by the release of deacylated tRNA, as well as by the puromycin reaction, is induced by the attachment of EF-G (with the non-cleavable GTP analog) to the ribosome and not by its detachment. In accordance with this, the ionic conditions under which the affinity of EF-G with the GTP analog to the ribosome is increased (NH4Cl instead of KCl, a lowered ionic strength) have been also found to be more effective for translocation. On the other hand, it has been shown that the detachment (removal) of EF-G is a strict pre-requisite for the appearance of competence to bind the next aminoacyl-tRNA, and thus for a continuation of the elongation cycle. A conclusion is made that the mechanical shifts of products and substrates, such as peptidyl-tRNA and deacylated tRNA, within the ribosome in the process of translocation are promoted only by the affinity of EF-G to the ribosome and does not depend on the cleavage of GTP. On the basis of the results obtained, the following sequence of events is deduced for the process of EF-G-promoted translocation: 1) interaction of EF-G.GTP with the pre-translocative ribosome, 2) translocation displacements of products and substrates, including the release of deacylated tRNA (probably conjugated with the shift of mRNA), 3) GTP hydrolysis, 4) release of EF-G and GTP from the post-translocated ribosome.
Public Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Though authors vary in the detailed definitions of the term “public management” that they offer, most of the standard definitions of public management amount to some variant on “the study and practice of design and operation of arrangements for the provision of public services and executive government,” while management itself is conventionally defined as the direction of resources or human effort towards the achievement of desired goals. And it is often observed that organization—and the willingness to be organized—is as important, if not more so, as money and other resources for the effective conduct of warfare, welfare, and many other kinds of public activity. So if the design and operation of public projects, services, and organizations forms the heart of public management, the subject might seem straightforward.
The Nedd4-Type Rsp5p Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibits Tombusvirus Replication by Regulating Degradation of the p92 Replication Protein and Decreasing the Activity of the

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent in vitro proteomics screens revealed that many host proteins could interact with the replication proteins of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), which is a small, plus-stranded RNA virus (Z. Li, D. Barajas, T. Panavas, D. A. Herbst, and P. D. Nagy, J. Virol. 82:6911–6926, 2008). To further our understanding of the roles of host factors in TBSV replication, we have tested the effect of Rsp5p, which is a member of the Nedd4 family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The full-length Rsp5p, via its WW domain, is shown to interact with p33 and the central portion of p92pol replication proteins. We find that overexpression of Rsp5p inhibits TBSV replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, while downregulation of Rsp5p leads to increased TBSV accumulation. The inhibition is caused by Rsp5p-guided degradation of p92pol, while the negative effect on the p33 level is less pronounced. Interestingly, recombinant Rsp5p also inhibits TBSV RNA replication in a cell-free replication assay, likely due to its ability to bind to p33 and p92pol. We show that the WW domain of Rsp5p, which is involved in protein interactions, is responsible for inhibition of TBSV replication, whereas the HECT domain, involved in protein ubiquitination, is not necessary for Rsp5p-mediated inhibition of viral replication. Overall, our data suggest that direct binding between Rsp5p and p92pol reduces the stability of p92pol, with consequent inhibition of TBSV replicase activity. Various interactions with their host cells are critical for