jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Multilevel Converter With Silicon and Silicon Carbide Devices: Impact to Aviation Industry and Beyond

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This letter introduces the patented hybrid multilevel converters with silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) devices (US10191531B2) and its impact to industry and academia. The patent invented a novel concept by combining high frequency switched SiC devices and fundamental frequency switched Si devices, therefore, balances the cost and performance. The patent has been implemented in the world's first megawatt-class and multikilovolt hybrid electric aircraft system. Additionally, there are many world-wide following up works in extended topologies, control, and modulation methods.
Salivary pH and oral health of Brazilian para‐athletes: Saliva and oral health of para‐athletes

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims This study aimed to investigate the association of the salivary pH and parameters of oral health in Brazilian para‐athletes. Methods and results The sample was composed of 271 Brazilian para‐athletes (147 athletics, 61 powerlifting, and 63 swimming); mean age was 31.2 ± 11.7 years. Data collected during anamnesis, clinical examination, and saliva collection revealed that salivary pH was different among sports ( p = .01) and tends to decrease as age and body mass index (BMI) increase ( p = .026, .027, respectively). The mean decay missing filled teeth was 8.8 (±0.57), but there is no correlation with salivary pH ( R 2 = −0.0852; CI 95%, −0.215–0.047; p = .194) as habits of grinding, clenching teeth, or bruxism was not associated with salivary pH ( p = .317, .932, and .444, respectively). Regarding breathing, para‐athletes that have buccal breathing had significantly higher salivary pH ( p = .04). This data were confirmed by multiple logistic regression ( p = .05). Open bite, lip seal, geographic or fissured tongue also were not associated with variation of salivary pH ( p > .05). Conclusions This study provided evidence of an association between salivary pH with age, BMI, type of breathing, and type of sport practiced by the para‐athletes
Correlation between Antioxidant Activity and Contents of VC,Polyphenols and Polysaccharides in Pumpkin Wine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antioxidant potential of pumpkin wine was evaluated by measuring its scavenging activity against DPPH,hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals and analyzed for its correlation with the contents of VC,polyphenols and polysaccharides.Pumpkin wine had strong scavenging activity against DPPH,hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals in a dose-dependent fashion,and its radical scavenging activity was better than that of pumpkin extract at the same dose.Meanwhile,our results suggested that VC,polyphenols and polysaccharides were the dominant antioxidant components in pumpkin wine.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy and the changing distribution of colorectal cancer: implications for screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been a significant proximal shift in the distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Northern Ireland over recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential implications of this proximal shift in CRC distribution on the efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) as a screening tool. PATIENTS AND METHODS The site distribution of 5153 CRCs was available from the Northern Ireland Colorectal Cancer Register for the period 1990–1997. Similar data on 1241 CRCs between 1976 and 1978 were available from a previous study. Data on the site reached by FS were obtained from a prospectively collected endoscopy database at one of Northern Ireland's main teaching hospitals for the period 1993–1998. RESULTS There was a significant proximal shift in CRC distribution between the two periods (23.5% proximal to the splenic flexure between 1976 and 1978 v 36.7% between 1990 and 1997; p<0.001). The descending colon was visualised during 74.4% of FS examinations. By combining the observed extent of FS examination with CRC site distribution, it was calculated that FS could have visualised 68.8% of CRCs between 1976 and 1978 but only 56.0% between 1990 and 1997. Extrapolating these data to a Northern Ireland screening programme involving FS and faecal occult blood testing suggests that significantly more CRCs could have been detected between 1976 and 1978 than between 1990 and 1997 (51.7% v 48.2%, respectively; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the previously documented left to right shift in CRC distribution in Northern Ireland and demonstrates that if this shift continues, FS will become less successful as a screening tool than is currently predicted.
Development of a Log-Periodic antenna system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 14-element log-periodic dipole antenna for VHF, UHF and SHF bands has been designed, constructed and characterized at a frequency band (300-5467)MHz. The experimentally measured values agree with the computed values with a standard deviation of 2.6. A gain of 20.33 ± 0.69 dB was achieved at a signal-to-noise ratio of 104.77 ± 1.04dB. The efficiency at frequencies above 500MHz is 97% and drops to 65% at frequencies below 200MHz. Keywords: Dipole antenna, radio communication and space loss Nigerian Journal of Physics Vol. 18 (1) 2006: pp. 81-90
BUILT-IN FIBER-OPTIC MECHANOPHOTOLUMINESCENT SENSOR OF COMPLEX DEFORMED STATE FOR MONITORING VIBRATIONS OF POLYMER COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical model of an embedded fiber-optic mechanical (elastic) photoluminescent (MFL) sensor of a complex stressed-deformed state for monitoring vibrations of polymer compo- site structures has been developed. The sensor includes one or more light guides doped with many spherical MFL nanoparticles (uniformly distributed over the volume of the light guide) of the "core/shell" type. The latter is an elastomechanoluminescent (EML) core with a photoluminescent (FL) shell. Here the EML effect is the light output of the material with its elastic (non-destructive) deformations. The FL-shell of each capsulated particle transforms the informative "internal" ML- radiation of the core into an "external" informative FL-light flux within the light guide. The resulting value of the FL-light flux from all particles is recorded at the output of each light guide. An addi- tional function of the shell is the localization (within the boundaries of each particle) of the infor- mation glow of the EML-core, which, as a result, improves the spatial resolution of the sensor to diagnose significantly heterogeneous (along the length of the sensor) deformation fields. The MFL-sensor is designed to diagnose the components of the harmonic macrodeformation ampli- tude tensor of the local composite region under consideration, i.e. the vicinity of the built-in sen- sor based on the measurement results of informative photoluminescent FL-light fluxes at the outputs from the light guides of the sensor. Control and adjustment of the output (in the working end "input/output" of the sensor) and recorded informative FL-light fluxes is carried out by using a variable input control light flux, in particular, the same for all light guides of the sensor. It was found that in case of using the single "quartz/MFL particle" light guide (pressure sensor), the desired "spectrum" of pressure amplitudes (the density function of the distribution of amplitude values along the longitudinal axis of the sensor) is a solution of the Fredholm integral equation of the 1st kind based on the results of measurements (at the output from the light guide) of the in- formative resulting FL-light flux as a function of the control incoming (ML) light flux flow. The results of the numerical modeling are obtained for the dependence of the light FL flux value on the control ML flux for cases of uniform and non-uniform (but with a "uniform" spectrum) distribu- tions of the diagnosed pressure amplitude value along the sensor length.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of Cetopsis from the Guiana Shield (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae: Cetopsinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 7. Ventral view of the weberian apparatus of Cetopsis aspis, MZUSP 125262. AVP: anterior ventral transverse process of a complex centrum; CC: complex centrum; OS: os suspensorium; PAPn: parapophysis of vertebra n; PVP: posterior ventral transverse process of a complex centrum; VCn: vertebral centrum n; WL: weberian lamina. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Nanoencapsulated Antimicrobial Carriers in Packed Food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For several years, it has been concluded that foodborne diseases are the main cause of numerous gastrointestinal issues. These foodborne diseases are also responsible to weaken the digestive system and reduce the immune power of an individual. For decades, a variety of chemical preservatives and antimicrobial agents have been used to extend the shelf life of food products, but rising demand for organic and chemical-free foods has led to the development of a new method of food packaging: the encapsulation of nanoparticles to reduce microbial spoilage and improve food quality. Therefore, in this chapter, different types of food encapsulation methods have been mentioned with their applications.
The changes of bone density and OPG/RANKL protein in adjuvant arthritis rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the bone mineral density and the expression of OPG and RANKL protein in ankle of rats with adjuvant arthritis.Methods SD rats were established adjuvant arthritis model and separated into normal group,model 1 group,and model 2 group.Arthritis index was observed in each model group at different time of 7 day,14 day,21 day and 28 day after modeling.Rats in model 1 group were sacrificed at the 21st day,the ones in the normal group and model 2 group were at the 28th day.The bone mineral density of the whole right side of the tibia and about 1cm from the distal tibia called interest region were detected.At the same time,the expression of OPG/RANKL protein of bilateral ankle synovial membranes was inspected by Western-blotting.Results The arthritis indexes of each time point of model 1 and model 2 groups had difference compared with the normal group(P0.01).The bone mineral density of interest region of model 1 group were lower than that in normal group(P0.01).The interest region of model 2 group significantly reduced compared with those in the normal and model 1 groups(P0.01).The overall right tibia bone mineral density had no significant difference.The expression of OPG protein in model 1 and model 2 groups was significantly different compared with the normal group(P0.01).RANKL protein of model 2 group,not model 1 group,was significantly different compared with normal group(P0.01).Conclusion Adjuvant arthritis rats lost distal tibial bone 21 days after the modeling,and aggravated in 28 days.While the overall tibia bone mineral density had no difference.The expression of rat synovial OPG protein decreased at the 21st day and 28th day after modeling.At the 28th day after modeling,the expression of rat synovial RANKL protein was higher than the normal.
Indexes of bee-keeping economic efficiency in Istrian county

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Pcelarenje podrazumijeva gospodarsku djelatnost uzgoja pcela radi dobivanja pcelinjih proizvoda, te se kao takva mora podvrci analizi ekonomskih mjerila uspjesnosti. Prema popisu Hrvatskog pcelarskog saveza u Istarskoj županiji je 1997. godine bilo 276 poljoprivrednih gospodarstava, s ukupno 8.639 kosnica, odnosno s prosjecnim brojem od 31 kosnica po gospodarstvu. Cilj rada je utvrditi ekonomsku ucinkovitost razlicitih tehnologija i obujma pcelarske proizvodnje u obiteljskim gospodarstvima. U radu su analizirana obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva koja se bave pcelarskom proizvodnjom s razlicitim tehnolosko-ekonomskim obilježjima, izabrana metodom uzorka. Podaci o gospodarstvima dobiveni su anketiranjem a za obradu podataka koristene su statisticke metode, te ekonomsko financijski pokazatelji (ekonomicnost, rentabilnost, proizvodnost i koeficijent robnosti). Analizom je utvrđeno da su pokazatelji ekonomske uspjesnosti pozitivni. Od anketiranih gospodarstva 93% ima ekonomicnu proizvodnju, a stopa rentabilnosti je u 97% gospodarstava zadovoljavajuca (iznad 6%). Prema koeficijentu robnosti gospodarstva su mjesovitog tipa, odnosno vise je gospodarstava robnog nego naturalnog tipa.
The birds of Iona & Mull by the late H. D. Graham.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When passing through Florence we were seized with the measles.An order had been issued forbidding any foreigners remaining more than a single night in the city ; however, on my father's representing his case to the authorities, we obtained leave to rest three clays.I recollect looking out at the carriage window at Mont Blanc as we passed within sight of its glaciers.I also retain a vivid recollection of Switzerland and the tedious zig-zag roads across the Alps.We narrowly escaped destruction here.The ropes which attached the carriage to a team of oxen broke, the carriage rolled backwards down the declivity, ran to the side of the road, which was bounded by a precipice, and came in contact with a small tree growing by the roadside, which stopped its career.My father and Eeginald had dismounted, and were walking up the hill at the time, and Emma, to save herself, jumped down from her elevated seat behind on to the road and escaped injury.An agreeable sojourn of some continuance we spent on the banks of the Lake of Geneva, at Ouchy, near the town of Lausanne, where we hired a house situated among vineyards and chestnut-trees.We also resided for some time in Paris at a hotel in the Place Vendome.On returning home from the Continent we brought a Parisian tutor, Mr B., who, though of English parentage, had been brought up in Prance, and was indeed quite a model of a Frenchman, volatile and thoughtless, with a truly Parisian vanity and love of showing off.However, we became much attached to him for his amiable manners,
Gene therapy trials in the ovine model of McArdle's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

McArdle's disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic myopathy characterised by a deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase and results in exercise intolerance, rhabdomyolysis and recurring myoglobinuria. Sustained disabling weakness may also occur late in the course of the disease. At present, no satisfactory treatment is available for this disorder. There are three mammalian isoenzymes of glycogen phosphorylase (muscle, brain and liver forms) which are encoded by different loci. The brain and muscle isoforms are expressed in foetal muscle, whereas the muscle isoform is expressed during the late phases of muscle differentiation and is the only isoform present in adult skeletal muscle. McArdle's disease is caused by genetic defects in the muscle-specific isoform resulting in either the absence or decreased levels of muscle glycogen phosphorylase, with minimal or no detectable enzymatic activity. \n \nA sheep model of McArdle's disease, characterised by diminished exercise tolerance and impaired glycogen degradation has been described. Studies revealed the absence of glycogen phosphorylase cytochemical activity in the muscle fibres. A splice site mutation in the myophosphorylase gene results in the loss of eight bases at the 5' end of exon 20 of the transcript. This deletion disrupts the reading frame, thereby removing the last 31 residues of the myophosphorylase. \n \nWe report results from trials in which a first generation adenovirus, expressing the (a) human muscle phosphorylase gene driven by the Rous Sarcoma virus promoter (ADV myophos) or (b) Lac Z reporter gene with a cytomegalovirus promoter (ADV Lac Z) was injected into the semitendinosus muscle of affected lambs at sites with or without prior injection of notexin. Ten days after injection of ADVmyophos alone, there was an approximately 10-fold increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity when compared to levels from uninjected muscle. Similar results were seen at 30 days, with a slight decrease at 60 days. Combining notexin and ADV myophos resulted in 40 times the glycogen phosphorylase activity at 10 days, however, at 30 and 60 days results were similar to those obtained for ADV myophos alone. When either notexin or ADV LacZ alone were injected, average glycogen phosphorylase activity was comparable to that from ADV myophos only sites. Phosphorylase expression was not seen in uninjected muscle but was evident at sites injected with notexin. This is likely to be due to upregulation of another ovine phosphorylase isoform and is currently being investigated.
Cannot ventilate, difficult to intubate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reply EDITOR: The intention of reporting this case was to warn anaesthetists of the potential difficulties with airway management where the orbital floor has been removed, and therefore stimulate debate. We are pleased that Drs Chethan and Rassam and also Dr Massimiliano and colleagues have entered this debate. The patient did not initially have a prosthesis, simply a large dressing over the exenterated area. Concerning the preoperative evaluation, clearly in this case the ideal assessment would have been to carefully insert a fibreoptic scope under local anaesthesia into the orbital defect. It would then have been clear that the defect leads directly to the larynx and therefore that positive pressure ventilation via a facemask would not have been possible. Unfortunately this was not a practical option on the ophthalmic ward and, because of lack of accurate surgical information and a recent general anaesthetic in another hospital apparently without incident, was not considered. Limitation of mouth opening is a concern for the anaesthetist; however, it is not our practice to conduct an awake intubation unless the limitation is extreme. We would normally plan to use a McCoy laryngoscope with a bougie or consider the use of the Bullard laryngoscope, which can be used down to a mouth opening of 6 mm [1]. Awake fibreoptic intubation would be available but held in reserve. It is often the case, and it was so for this gentleman, that such patients return for further surgery. As it happens, between submission of the letter and publication, further general anaesthesia was required on two occasions. As Chethan and Rassam suggested, we placed an intubating laryngeal mask (size 5), and ventilated through the mask following the induction of anaesthesia. Although placement and ventilation was straightforward, successful intubation through the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) proved impossible both without and with fibreoptic assistance. This was abandoned and nasotracheal fibreoptic intubation was again successful. In retrospect, the difficulty with the ILMA probably related to the patient's airway anatomy, in that he is tall with a long neck. Thus the ILMA, although adequately positioned for ventilation, was not positioned optimally for successful endotracheal intubation. Using the Aintree catheter with the classic LMA would almost certainly have failed for the same reason. A subsequent successful general anaesthetic was achieved with an awake fibreoptic intubation with the aid of a low-dose remifentanil infusion. Total intravenous anaesthesia with infusions of propofol and remifentanil was used for maintenance of anaesthesia in each case. The major advantage of this technique was that further doses of muscle relaxants were not required, thus ensuring complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade after several hours of surgery, and once both anaesthetic agents had worn off, the patient was fully co-operative for controlled extubation without the risk of residual anaesthesia or paralysis.
Development and Validation of HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Quantification of Cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamon Bark Extract

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cinnamaldehyde is the prime constituent of cinnamon bark and cassia oil. It is used as a flavoring agent. Numerous methods described the determination of cinnamaldehyde based on volumetric analysis, ultraviolet spectrometry, fluorimetry, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The natural absorbance of cinnamaldehyde is at 286 nm which is used as a base for its determination through spectrophotometry or a suitable derivatizing reagent is used for its estimation. Most of these methods were simultaneous estimation methods and if non-simultaneous than not sensitive. Therefore, in the present study, sensitive HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric procedures have been established for the estimation of cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamon extract. The retention time of cinnamaldehyde was 7.21 minutes and absorption maxima come out to be 282 nm. 2.55 ± 0.003 mg/ml quantity of cinnamaldehyde was present in the cinnamon extract which is detected by UV Spectrophotometric method. Accuracy information appeared in the range that gives decent recovery figures for both processes. Sensitivity data furnished LOD 0.062 μg/ml and LOQ 0.19 μg/ml for HPLC and LOD 0.104 μg/ml and LOQ 0.312 μg/ml for UV Spectrophotometric method. The developed methods were found to be rugged and robust. The repeatability, Inter-day,and Intra-day precision of cinnamaldehyde provided RSD below 2% presenting the planned process to be extremely specific. Various factors to validate HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric methods of cinnamaldehyde were estimated and both methods show no significant difference. Developed procedures were statistically checked as per ICH guidelines.
Margherita Costa a Parigi: La selva di Diana

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Poet and virtuosa, Margherita Costa practiced her polygraphy in many literary genres and published a considerable number of works that remain little known to this day. The paper aims to investigate her first Parisian work, La Selva di Diana, published in 1647, upon her arrival in the French capital. La Selva, which contains texts composed in the Roman period, therefore preceding the French sojourn, was to constitute her “access pass” to the French court, which represented a new beginning for the poetess. The work is dedicated to the Savoy princess Cristina, sister of the king of France, presents only female characters, in which the Costa continuously hybridizes poetic invention with autobiography.
Does Commiphora extract have an effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in adult albino rats? Histological and biochemical study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-known hepatocyte-destructive agent. Commiphora mukul is a medicinal plant found to be effective in the treatment of a variety of disorders. Aim of the work To study the effect of Commiphora extract on liver injury induced by the administration of CCl4 in rats. Materials and methods Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into three groups. Group I (control group), group II (positive controls, which received CCl4 for 2 weeks), and group IIIa and group IIIb, which received 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, of Commiphora extract orally before the administration of CCl4. Two weeks after the administration of CCl4, animals were killed, and the livers were removed and processed for histological and electron microscopic examination. Liver functions were measured. Results A low dose of Commiphora extract did not lead to any improvement; loss of hepatic architecture occurred. An apparent decrease in fibrous tissue and cellular infiltration was observed around the preexisting portal tract. Some hepatocytes showed fatty changes. At a high dose of Commiphora, hepatic lobules regained their normal architecture with proliferating bile ductules in the portal tract. Some hepatic lobules still showed vacuolation and necrosis of their hepatocytes. Conclusion Higher doses of Commiphora extract before CCl4 might be more effective in the amelioration of CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis.