jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Hypothalamic Activity Alters Appetite in a Novel Antioxidant Mouse

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Obesity is a global health threat. Oxidative stress is a consequence of poor nutrition which plays a key role in obesity and other metabolic diseases. Appetite is tightly regulated by orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways within the hypothalamus. It is implicated that oxygen‐derived free radicals alter the function of metabolic tissues leading to altered glucose and lipid homeostasis. Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that helps to catabolize hydrogen peroxide generated by superoxide dismutation and thus reducing oxidative stress. Hypothesis We hypothesized that excess catalase expression will deter oxidative stress mediated appetite dysregulation by preventing improper signaling within the hypothalamus. Methods We tested our hypothesis in studying appetite regulation and obesogenic changes in Catalase transgenic (Cat‐tg) mice (n=4) that expressed 3–4 fold excess catalase as well as the newly engineered Bob‐Cat mice (n=4), which is a hybrid of Cat‐tg and the leptin resistant obese Ob‐Ob mice (study approved by MU IACUC). Body fat composition using ECHO‐MRI and metabolic changes using CLAMS (Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System) were measured. Ob‐Ob mice and C57Bl6 mice were used as controls for lean and obese phenotypes. Changes in appetite regulating genes (POMC‐Proopiomelanocortin and Npy‐Neuropeptide Y) were determined in the hypothalamus obtained from all groups of mice. Adipokines, catalase enzyme activity, and oxidative stress levels were measured in the adipose tissue of all mice. ANOVA was used for statistical comparisons using GraphPad PRISM or SPSS. Results Though there was an increased leptin expression in the adipose tissue of Bob‐Cat mice compared to Cat‐tg (>100 fold) mice, there was a lowering of fat to lean ratio in both these mice genotypes compared to the Ob‐Ob mice. CLAMS showed no differences in RER or food intake between the groups however heat production was higher in Cat‐tg and Bob‐cat mice compared to C57Bl6. Cat‐tg mice showed an induction in the anorexigenic POMC (>2.5 fold) and a decrease in orexigenic Npy (<0.5 fold) levels. In contrast, the Bob‐Cat mice showed a reduction in both these appetite genes in comparison to the C57Bl6 mice. Adiponectin, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and other adipokines were differentially modulated in the two groups of mice. Conclusion It is evident through ECHO‐MRI, CLAMS, and gene expression data that the over expression of catalase in the Bob‐Cat mice has modulated hypothalamic appetite regulation and the fat to lean mass ratio resulting in lowered obesogenic fat mass. This suggests that excess antioxidant (Catalase) genotype, through regulating metabolic pathways, might lower obesity and thus improve the overall nutritive state. The effect of dietary manipulation (high fat and omega‐3 fat) and exercise is currently being investigated. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH Grant 5R01HL‐074239 (NS) and 5P20RR016477 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence
School Principals’ Views on Administration Work, Their “Frequent Turnover” and Its Effects on Their Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School administrators’ “frequent turnover” has been discussed intensively in the Turkish Educational System recently. Currently, principals are selected for 4 years after an interview conducted by a committee of directors of national education. After that period, they either go back to their classes or are chosen for another 4 years for the last time. This frequent turnover can be disruptive for schools. This study was conducted to determine school principals’ views on administration work and this frequent turnover. The study employed a qualitative research design. The participants were 20 principals chosen with maximum sampling method. The data were analyzed with content analysis method. Results revealed that most principals consider administration work as a professional and career profession which requires expertise, leadership qualities and education in educational administration. They also evaluate the selection system as problematic and limiting their work period with 4 years prevents them from realizing long-term projects. Finally, they think that the system works with political considerations clearly.
George Mason and the Ambiguity of Executive Power

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In studies of how the Founders viewed executive power, little has been said about George Mason despite his involvement in creating two executives: the Virginia governorship and the American presidency. This article examines how George Mason defined and arranged executive power during his forays into constitution making. I find that Mason presents a unique understanding of how executive power should be treated in a republican context and within a system of separation of powers, allowing us to better observe and comprehend the subtleties and tensions in establishing and perpetuating a strong, but limited, executive.
Occupational poisonings recorded in the Poison control centre during the year 2010

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tijekom 2010. godine u Centru za kontrolu otrovanja zabilježeno je 1474 poziva u kojima su se tražile informacije o 1503 slucaja. U 38 slucajeva radilo se o sumnji na profesionalno otrovanje, vecinom u radnika muskog spola. U 35 slucajeva radnici su bili izloženi kemijskim stetnostima, u jednom slucaju zabilježena je kontaktna izloženost radnika listovima duhana, a u 2 slucaja vrsta stetnosti nije utvrđena. Najcesci uzroci profesionalnih otrovanja bili su dimovi zavarivanja i plinovi, kiseline i lužine, organska otapala, te pesticidi. Teske klinicke slike otrovanja zabilježene su u 2 slucaja: pri ingestiji korozivnog sredstva prilikom pipetiranja u obliku težeg ostecenja sluznice probavnog sustava, te pri kronicnoj inhalacijskoj i kontaktnoj izloženosti organskim otapalima pri radu u tiskari u vidu težih poremecaja rada centralnog i perifernog živcanog sustava.
Iron overload and osteoarthropathy in long-term hemodialysis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

10年以上の透析患者64例の内, 20例 (31%) が頻回の輸血と鉄剤の負荷による鉄過剰状態であった. 長期透析患者での鉄過剰負荷と骨関節障害との関連について検討するため, 鉄過剰群 (20例) と非鉄過剰群 (44例) を比較検討した. 鉄過剰群では全例が血清フェリチン値が1,000ng/ml以上で, 血清鉄値は1例を除いて150μg/dl以上の高値であった. 鉄過剰群では非鉄過剰群に比べて手根管症候群, 病的骨折の発生頻度が有意に (p<0.05) 高かった. 鉄過剰群では二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症による骨所見はみられず, 骨X線, 骨シンチ所見は骨軟化症に類似した骨低回転性であった. 8例で滑膜, 骨の病理組織を検討した. 全例でアミロイドの沈着を認め, さらに6例では鉄の沈着も証明した. アミロイドの沈着と鉄の沈着は何等かの関連が示唆された. 低回転性骨ではこれらの物質が沈着しやすい状態にあり, アミロイドや鉄の沈着は二次的な現象である可能性も示唆された. いずれにしても長期透析患者では過剰鉄が骨関節症を増悪させていることは間違いなく, 骨低回転の改善を計ると共に, これらの症例では輸血, 鉄剤の投与は慎重にしなければならない. 鉄過剰患者の治療にはDFOの他に, エリスロポエチンと瀉血の併用も有用であると考えられた.
Digital image processing of mandibular trabeculae on radiographs.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

trabeculae by digital image processing. The 32 cases of normal subjects and the 13 cases of patients with mandibular diseases of ameloblastoma, primordial cysts, squamous cell carcinoma and odontoma were analyzed by their intra-oral radiographs in the right premolar regions. The radiograms were digitized by the use of a drum scanner densitometry method. The input radiographic images were processed by a histogram equalization method. The result are as follows : First, the histogram equalization method enhances the image contrast of the textures. Second, the output images of the textures for normal mandible-trabeculae radiograms are of network pattern in nature. Third, the output images for the patients are characterized by the non-network pattern and replaced by the patterns of the fabric texture, intertwined plants karakusa-pattern, scattered small masses and amorphous texture. Thus, these results ind i cates that the present digital image system is expected to be useful for revealing the texture patterns of the radiographs and in the future for the texture analysis of the clinical radiographs to obtain quantitative diagnostic findings.
ON THE ENSEMBLE AVERAGE OF GENERALIZED TRUNCATED RANDOM WALK

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A new analytical solution is developed for the one- and two- dimensional generalized discrete time random walk with discrete and finite length of jumping. It is shown that the ensemble average of the mean square displacement has a linear relation with time. This result is general and independent of mathematical form of distribution function but magnitude of diffusion coefficient depends on the distribution function. This result confirms our previous numerical work. The truncated Levy flight is studied as a special case and the diffusion coefficient for different maximum length of jump is calculated numerically. The obtained results are in good agreement with the analytical solution.
Mainstreaming Alternatives in Veterinary Medical Education: Resource Development

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Veterinary medical educators are charged with preparing students to enter practice in veterinary medicine during a four-year, intensive, professional education program. This requires giving students in laboratory training that involves dead, anesthetized, or conscious animals, so that they become proficient in the expected range of veterinary knowledge, skills, and abilities. Undeniably, experience with animals is essential to prepare students for a profession in which animals comprise the total domain. However, the consumptive use of animals for teaching students, especially in laboratories, is increasingly subject to regulatory requirements, while also being scrutinized by animal protection groups, and has become a common focus of contention among veterinary students. Not surprisingly, the use of animals in teaching has sharply declined over the past few decades, as new teaching resources and methods, involving less consumptive use of animals, have been incorporated. This change in veterinary medical education has occurred on such a wide scale, in almost all veterinary schools and colleges, that the educational approach can serve as a model for further developments within the veterinary educational community and, indeed, for animal-related material in secondary schools and undergraduate higher education. This article highlights examples of the leadership provided by veterinary educators in developing alternative teaching resources and methods, while maintaining the high level of proficiency expected from traditional educational approaches.
Price Limits and Margin Requirement with Loss-Averse Investors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Assuming that traders are risk-neutral, Brennan (1986) shows that price limits, in conjunction with margins, may help lower the default risk, cut down the margin requirement, and reduce the total contract cost. We show that the effectiveness of price limits is enhanced when traders are loss-averse. The effectiveness of price limits, however, is crucially affected by the precision of the information regarding the equilibrium price. When precise information is available, risk attitude only plays a limits role in ensuring the price limit performance.
FEM Analysis for Burring Process of Large Diameter SUS304 Tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a finite element method (FEM) analysis for cold burring process of large diameter SUS304 pipe.The large diameter pipes such as ϕ216.3mm are used for a plant as a flow channel of gas and liquid.A burring process of pipe is generally for forming the branch.Burring molding is one of the typical molding techniques for branch pipes.The burring process is achieved by drawing of die from prepared hole.And the branch pipes are generally joined by welding.But this process has some problem.First, burring processing has a forming limit.Second, wall thickness and strain are uneven at the branch part of burring forming.Also, the hole important for burring processing is different from the optimum shape.In this study, we proposed calculation of suitable mother pipe holes.The target branch pipe in this study is a branch pipe with a uniform height of nominal diameter 100 A, diameter 114.3 mm, wall thickness 3.0 mm, burring height 10 mm.In this study, we aim to construct a burring analysis model and to calculate an appropriate hole shape which enables welding without requiring end face cutting when joining branch pipes.In the burring process, the initial shape is very important.In the process of this paper, we first construct a burring analysis model and decide the initial shape of the hole.Next, we analyze the initial shape and find problems.This problem depends on the hole shape.Therefore, we found that this hole shape improvement is necessary.In this paper, the results of the optimal hole shape improved and the analysis result are shown, decided from analysis.In this paper, the forming limit of the SUS 304 pipe of the mother pipe 200A and the branch pipe 100A was investigated.By this analysis, it was possible to reproduce the branch pipe with almost uniform height of the branch end part on the FEM analysis.
Molecularly Defined Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary : the clinical phenotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The histopathologic features of Adult Granulosa Cell Tumors (AGCTs) are relatively non-specific, resulting in misdiagnosis of other cancers as AGCT, a problem that has not been well characterized. FOXL2 mutation testing was used to stratify 336 AGCTs from three European centers into three categories: 1) FOXL2 mutant molecularly defined AGCT (MD-AGCT)(n=256 of 336), 2) FOXL2 wild-type AGCT (n=17 of 336), 3) misdiagnosed other tumor types (n=63 of 336). All statistical tests were two-sided. The overall and disease-specific survival of the misdiagnosed cases was lower than in the MD-AGCTs (P<0.001). The misdiagnosed cases accounted for 71.9% of disease-specific deaths within five years. In the population-based cohort, overall survival of MD-AGCT patients was not different from age-matched population-based controls. Even though 35.2% of all the MD-AGCT patients, in our study, experienced a relapse, AGCT is usually an indolent disease. The historical, pre-molecular data underpinning our clinical understanding of AGCT was likely skewed by inclusion of misdiagnosed cases, and future management strategies should reflect the potential for surgical cure and long survival even after relapse.
Title: Essentials of Classroom Teaching: Elementary Social StudiesAuthor: Thomas N. TurnerPublisher: Allyn and BaconDate of Publication: 1994Price: $13 (paper)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(1994). Title: Essentials of Classroom Teaching: Elementary Social Studies Author: Thomas N. Turner Publisher: Allyn and Bacon Date of Publication: 1994 Price: $13 (paper) The Social Studies: Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 237-237.
The Kalevala received : from printed text to oral performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study, then, I propose to examine one of Vihtoora Lesonen's Kalevala-derived songs with an eye to the interplay of printed text and oral tradition in late nineteenth-century Karelia. In so doing, I hope to reveal both the artistry and the traditionality of Vihtoora's act of appropriation. By examining literacy in the region and the social contexts in which peasants met with Finnish anthologies, I provide a framework for understanding the means by which a text from 1849 could become part of oral tradition in 1894. The paper's stance and content answer an earlier article in the pages of this journal (1993) in which I attempted to show how Elias Lonnrot transformed oral tradition in creating the Kalevala in the first place. The back and forth of oral and written art--this synergism--lies at the very heart of Finnish folk poetry at the end of the nineteenth century.//
A linearized hydrodynamic code for laser ablation and its application to laser pulse shaping for direct-drive fusion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the most harmful processes in inertial confinement fusion is Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI), and an efficient way to mitigate it is pulse shaping. However, because shaped laser pulses lead to unsteady ablation, it is insufficient to evaluate RTI based solely on the instability growth rate. Here, for better prediction of RTI during linear growth, hydrodynamic equations for laser ablation (including both balance and linearized perturbation equations) are solved numerically and used to optimize the laser pulse shape for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. For given target conditions and laser energy, simulations show that a picket pulse before the main laser pulse can reduce RTI significantly, and it is clear that the reduction comes from two aspects: (i) the lower RTI seed due to rarefaction at the descending edge of the picket in the imprint stage and (ii) the smaller growth rate due to enhanced ablation velocity at the main pulse in the acceleration stage. It is found that the perturbed laser deposition in an underdense plasma also has a profound influence on RTI seeds in the imprint stage.
High voltage discharge gene gun used in plant gene engineering

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper describes a technique of introducing foreign gene into plant cells and the principles of the high voltage discharge gene gun and its key structures. The velocity of the macroprojectile are measured with high speed photography. The main specifications are: when storing energy is 500J,the first max discharge current is 19.3kA and the rise time is 9μs. The biological tests prove that the foreign gene can be introduced into plant cells and can be expressed effectively using the high voltage discharge gene gun.
Modeling Exchange-Rate Passthrough After Large Devaluations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Large devaluations are generally associated with large declines in real exchange rates. We develop a model which embodies two complementary forces that account for the large declines in the real exchange rate that occur in the aftermath of large devaluations. The …rst force is sticky nontradablegoods prices. The second force is the impact of real shocks that often accompany large devaluations. We argue that sticky nontradable goods prices generally play an important role in explaining post-devaluation movements in real exchange rates. However, real shocks can sometimes be primary drivers of real exchange-rate movements.
Zeptosecond Gamma-Ray Pulses Generation via FEL-Driven Microbunching and Laser-Compton Scattering

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a novel and reliable approach to generate zeptosecond(10^{-21} s,zs), high-energy photon pulse bursts by synergistically exploiting the inherent characteristics of Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) and laser-Compton scattering. The feasibility of this scheme is validated through comprehensive numerical simulations. In a representative simulation, a 4 GeV electron beam, undergoing the FEL process, emits radiation at 0.7 nm and develops a microbunched structure. These microbunches subsequently interact with a 2 ps, 9 micrometers laser pulse in a head-on Compton scattering configuration. Our simulation results demonstrate that under conditions of well-established electron beam microbunching, the proposed method successfully yields high-brightness gamma-photon pulse bursts with durations approaching 800 zeptoseconds and exhibiting exceptional signal-to-noise ratios, consistent with theoretical expectations. This technique opens up avenues for exploring ultrafast nuclear dynamics and provides unprecedented perspectives for delving into the Quantum Zeno and Anti-Zeno effects.
A Wavelet Decomposition and Polynomial Fitting-Based Method for the Estimation of Time-Varying Residual Motion Error in Airborne Interferometric SAR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Compensating the residual motion error (RME) is very important in airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). In this paper, the wavelet decomposition and polynomial fitting-based (WDPF) method is proposed for detecting and correcting the RME. Wavelet decomposition with root-mean-square error (RMSE) change ratio-based decomposition scale identification is used to detect the RME from the differential interferogram. Polynomial fitting in combination with robust estimation-based least squares is used to absorb the incidence-angle-dependent and topography-dependent components of the RME. A simulated experiment was conducted to test the proposed WDPF method. High-precision RME (with an RMSE of 0.0375 rad) was obtained, which can meet the requirements of InSAR. Real-data L- and P-band InSAR experiments were also performed to test the WDPF method. The results confirmed that the WDPF method can effectively correct the RME for the interferogram. The RMSE of the estimated digital elevation model (DEM) was reduced from 8.03 to 3.46 m and 8.18 to 3.10 m for the L- and P-band interferograms, respectively. Finally, the effects of the external DEM error and polarization on the RME calibration were investigated. The results indicated that the global InSAR DEM products can fulfill the requirement of differential interferogram generation for the WDPF method, and the multipolarization interferograms can help to reduce the effect of the topographic error phase on RME estimation.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, KEBIJAKAN HUTANG DAN DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO (DPR) TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the effect of Profability, Policy Liabilities and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) of Company Value basic industry and chemical companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2011 to 2014. The population in this study a number of 63 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data obtained from financial statements 2011 to 2014 that has been published. Obtained a total sample of 11 companies. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing with constant 5%. The results showed that significantly effect profitability, policy liabilities does not have a significant effect and dividend payout ratio (DPR) does not have a significant effect. The coefficient of determination R square indicates 0.326 or 32.6% of explaining that the variable is explained by the variable company value and profitability, policy liability and dividend payout ratio (DPR) the remaining 67.4% is explained by other variables.