jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does crude oil output aid economy boom or curse in Nigeria? An inference from “Dutch disease”

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose A reflection on some supposed oil exporting states constantly reminds of the (in) validity of the resource curse hypothesis and environmental consequences of oil exploration. In Africa, especially the case of Nigeria, the argument has remained whether the country's voluminous deposit of crude oil has positively affected the livelihood of the people. The study aims to examine the impact of oil production on the income level in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach In this context, the study first examined validity of Dutch disease in Nigeria, thus providing a foundation to further establish the resource curse hypothesis. As such, the impact of crude oil production (CRUDE), square of crude oil production (CRUDESQ), crude oil reserves (RESERVES) and population (POP) on economic growth over the period of 1980–2018 is examined through the combination of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) methods. Findings While the study revealed the existence of Dutch disease in Nigeria, the resource curse hypothesis is also valid. However, the study found that the resource curse hypothesis in Nigeria can be over-turned when the CRUDE attains a certain maximum threshold, i.e. when crude oil output is doubled over time. In addition, either of crude RESERVES or oil rent (RENT) is seen as a limiting factor to economic growth while POP poses a positive and desirable impact on the country's economic development. Originality/value Thus, the implication of a U-shaped relationship between oil production and income level is that Nigeria's natural resources exploration could be employed to over-turn the potential of resource curse hypothesis by increasing exploration while the sources of leakages and misappropriation of the oil revenues are deliberately mitigated. Other useful socio-economic policies were proposed for the Government.
Multi-scale fuzzy color recognition and segmentation of color image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a color recognition and segmentation of color image through a combination of a multi-scale fuzzy system, an image edge based on Prewitt operator and morphological operators. In the proposed algorithm, after converting image from RGB color space to hue-saturation-value (HSV) color space, different scales of fuzzy sets in hue channel is constructed according to the people's psychological cognition to color. The image color would be quickly recognized fuzzily as less than ten kinds on scale one. To improve the performance of the color recognition rate, recognized image need to be identified on scale two to distinguish different colors observed by human eyes with the same color scheme. Then, adopting Prewitt operator to extract image edge information and applying a sequence of some morphological operators to the edge image, completing the multi-scale segmentation of image with the integration of color and edge information. Finally, indicating its area and species of specific color. The proposed algorithm can automatically adjusted in the process of color recognition and segmentation of image, it achieves recognition and segmentation without supervision. The obtained result has a good consistency with man's subjective visual perception.
FIGURE 1 in Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitylenchidae), a tylenchid nematode parasite of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 1. Male Tachytrechus sanus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) parasitized by Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. Arrow shows exposed portion of abdomen containing first and second generation adult nematodes. Scale bar: 1.4 mm.
Frequency Selectivity for Hearing-Impaired and Broadband-noise-masked Normal Listeners

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When evaluating frequency selectivity, it is difficult to determine if the deviation from normal performance observed for hearing-impaired listeners reflects abnormal cochlear function or normal, level-dependent changes in frequency selectivity. This experiment was designed to investigate the dependence of frequency-selectivity measures on threshold and signal level. Auditory-filter characteristics, critical ratios, forward-masked psychophysical tuning curves, and narrowband-noise masking patterns were obtained from normal-hearing listeners in quiet and in the presence of broadband noise at five levels. These findings were then compared to previously obtained frequency-selectivity measurements for subjects with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss whose absolute thresholds are comparable to the normal-hearing listeners’ masked thresholds. The results suggest that frequency selectivity deterioriates as threshold increases for all subjects. However, the poor frequency selectivity exhibited by hearing-impaired listeners may not be explained entirely by the effects of threshold and signal level. Nevertheless, because frequency selectivity is poorer in the normal auditory system at higher stimulus levels, the deviation from normal performance observed for hearing-impaired listeners may not be as large as previously suggested.
Implications of climate change on aestivating fishes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Findings from my Honours research were presented at the ASFB Conference in Sydney 2015. The presentation begins by briefly introducing the definition behind aestivation, before touching on the climate change that has occurred within the south-west of Western Australia. Following this, the two model species, salamanderfish and black-stripe minnow were introduced, before aims of research, methods and results were discussed. Finally, I concluded the talk with the significance of the findings including potential increases in listing for both species, the potential for creating artificial refuge pools to help increase the resilience of each species, and finally areas of future research. Acknowledgements for co-authors, and collaborators are listed at the end, and my sincere apologies if I have left anyone from this. This presentation provides bullet points on each slide, and is best viewed accompanying the full thesis paper
Acquisition of Key Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Parameters through Reverse Scanning for Application in the Manufacturing of Large Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic Products

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Software-based mold flow analysis is often performed to confirm optimized resin pipe arrangements. In this study, the GeoDict software and reverse scanning were employed to develop a method for performing rapid porosity and permeability estimation. A comparison of the results from one-dimensional resin flow and Easyperm tests revealed a 10% variation in the porosity and permeability parameters obtained through the proposed rapid estimation method. In addition, the obtained parameters were substituted into a Moldex3D model to simulate the resin flow on the personal watercraft hull during vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). A comparison of simulation results and hull infusion results revealed that the integration of the proposed rapid estimation method with Moldex3D allowed for the accurate simulation of the resin flow in large fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) products (variation <8%). The proposed method can be applied to large wind turbine FRP parts and large FRP yacht components to increase process planning efficiency and product stability.
Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education: A longitudinal examination of secondary school intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning experiences in informal Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) educational settings, such as camps, provide significant benefits for secondary students such as awareness of STEM subjects and careers along with increasing enthusiasm, self-efficacy, and content knowledge. To expand the number of students majoring in STEM subjects and entering careers in STEM fields, a two-week summer STEM camp for secondary students (N=31) was held at a Research I University. This qualitative case study followed students through matriculation into a postsecondary STEM major. Camp participants were interviewed to address the following research questions: 1) How did the camp fulfill its purpose and intended student outcomes? 2) Were the purpose and intended outcomes reflected in student perceptions? 3) Did the camp experience influence a student's decision to attend the hosting university as well as choice of major? This camp fulfilled its purpose and encouraged students to attend the host university and major in a STEM field. The anticipated cognitive and social outcomes were reflected in the student's experiences at camp. Informal learning environments, such as the one described in this study, can result in increased achievement, self-efficacy, and interest in STEM along with encouraging students to pursue STEM careers.
Sheep Mange Mites and Lice: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Asella and its Surroundings, South Eastern Ethiopia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for sheep mange mites and lice infestation in Asella and its surroundings of south eastern Ethiopia, from November, 2009 to April, 2010.The study revealed that 212 (55.21%) of the 384 sheep examined were infested with mange mites or lice in the study area.A higher prevalence of pediculosis (49.5%) was observed compared to mange mite infestation which was rarely observed with prevalence rate of 5.72%.Mange mites genera identified in the present study were Sarcoptes (2.6%), Psoroptes (2.3%), Chorioptes (0.8%) while no Demodex was identified in the study settings of sheep.Pertaining to lice infestation, Bovicola ovis (36.7%) and Linognathus ovillus (16.9%) were the only identified species of lice.A negative association (p>0.05) of mange mites and lice infestation was observed among the sex groups while only lice infestation was positively associated (p<0.05) with the age groups of sheep in the study environs.Concerning to body condition scores, a chi-square analysis revealed that lice infestation was highly positively associated (p=0.000) with the covariates (different body condition score group) in which the highest prevalence of lice infestation was observed in sheep with poor body condition score (67.36%).Nevertheless, mange mite infestation was negatively associated (p>0.05) with different body condition scores as the statistical analysis revealed.The result of this study revealed that as an ever increasing threat of mange mite and lice infestation on overall sheep productivity and tanning industry in Ethiopia warrants urgent control intervention.Hence, to reduce mange mite and lice infestation prevalence and impact on the productivity and health status, planning of integrated control measures with sustainable veterinary services aiming at creating awareness about the importance and control of the ectoparasites for small ruminant's owners is recommended.
Genotyping of various Arcobacter species isolated from domestic geese by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPID) analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to genotype Arcobacter (A.) butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii isolates from domestic geese from three different flocks in Turkey. Fifteen Arcobacter isolates were analysed to determine the RAPID profiles based on the amplified DNA fragment patterns using a universal primer for genotyping. 7 A. cryaerophilus, 2 A. butzleri and 6 A. skirrowii isolates produced 6, 2 and 3 distinct profiles, respectively. The isolates of the same patterns originated from the same flocks. The findings of the present study may support previous reports of the existence of a large degree of heterogeneity among Arcobacter isolates. Observation of such levels of genetic diversity may suggest that there are multiple contamination sources in the environment and/or the determined genotypes may have undergone genetic rearrangements. This first report of genotyping of various Arcobacter species isolated from healthy geese is expected to improve the understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of this emerging pathogen.
Stress wave generation by radiation absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Models of stress wave generation by radiation absorption as well as materials data that the authors have accumulated in their work on radiation effects are presented. The emphasis is on a tutorial presentation of these models with a focus on techniques that can be used for hand analysis. The intent is to give the reader a ''physical feel'' for stress wave generation and propagation. All analyses are done in 1 spatial dimension. These models are useful to those working in radiation effects who need to perform an occasional thermomechanical stress calculation but have neither the time nor inclination to learn how to use the rather sophisticated hydrocodes.
‘A Fine Example of Brotherhood and Sportsmanship’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Cuban Missile Crisis nearly introduced the world to the terrors of thermonuclear war in 1962, but disaster was successfully averted following 13 days of mitigating tensions and gainful discussions between the United States and the Soviet Union. These scourges of hard power demonstrations in Cuba encouraged an approach towards techniques of soft power that would restore trust between the two hegemonic powers. The aftermath of the crisis coincided with an expansion of cultural exchanges between the two nations, particularly with sports teams and the upcoming Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan, in 1964. The correlation of these trips with the shift towards a ‘little détente’ beginning in 1963 witnessed a remarkable shift in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, where nuclear deterrence became a desirable option for a newfound desire for coexistence. Following these attempts to establish unity, sporting events occupied a central domain where Cold War battles would be fought over the following decades of the conflict.
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A: Volume 155, Number 8, August 2011

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Schematic view of CNCC‐CMMC interactions during jaw development . On the left, the migratory routes of the CNCCs (blue) during early head formation are shown. The right part of the diagram represents a frontal section of either a normal embryo (A), or an embryo in which CNCCs migration did not occur normally (B), as it might happen in hemifacial microsomia. During normal development CNCCs (blue) provide signals to the myogenic mesoderm (red) in order to induce its differentiation into masticatory muscles. See article by Heude et al. in this issue. Selected thumbnails of key figures of articles in this issue are placed along the margins of the table of contents.
Talisay (Terminalia catappa) seed husk biochar for adsorption of lead (II) ions in artificially contaminated soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Lead, a commonly found heavy metal in contaminated soil, is highly mobilized in acidic conditions resulting to rapid soil leaching. This study investigated the effectiveness of biochar derived from Talisay ( Terminalia catappa ) seed husks employing the long-term immobilization of Lead in an artificially contaminated soil using simulated acid rain water meant for 100 years of rain with 5% amendment rate. Before immobilization, the heating temperatures were varied at 400, 500 and 600°C to determine its optimal pyrolysis temperature. The biochar was pyrolyzed under three different temperatures: with 1-hour residence time. SEM images revealed that the degree of porosity of the biochar produced increased as the temperature increased. In addition, the biochar produced at 600°C has the highest % fixed carbon and % elemental carbon indicating stability. It then shows that Talisay seed husks are feasible materials for biochar production that can be used for the amendment of lead contaminated soil. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to describe the heavy metal sorption equilibrium of the biochar. Results showed that the biochar best fitted the pseudo-second-order models and Langmuir isotherm models and that the biochar displayed a favorable adsorption. Also, the immobilization experiment showed that the soil amended with biochar immobilized Pb decreasing its concentration by 99.47%. Therefore, the produced biochar is suitable for Pb remediation in contaminated soils.
Relationship between connective tissue growth factor expression in pulmonary arteries and pulmonary artery remodeling induced by smoke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM:To study the relation between smoke-induced pulmonary artery remodeling and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)expression in pulmonary arteries.METHODS:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control group and smoke exposure group,and the latter was further divided into three time points of 1,2,3 months.Pulmonary artery remodeling was observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining,and collagen contents were investigated by sirius red staining.Immunohistochemistry methods were performed to determine CTGF protein expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle.The expressions of CTGF mRNA in pulmonary arteries were evaluated by RT-PCR.RESULTS:(1)The pulmonary artery WA% in four groups were(30.5±1.6)%,(43.3±2.0)%,(49.3±1.2)%,(60.3±2.9)%.Compared to control group,significant increases in smoke exposure groups were observed.(2)Collagen was abnormally deposited in pulmonary artery walls of smoke exposure groups.(3)CTGF mRNA expressions in pulmonary artery walls were(0.032±0.012),(0.644±0.351),(2.749±0.458),(2.337±0.149).There were markedly differences among four groups.(4)CTGF protein expressions in pulmonary artery walls were(0.081±0.013),(0.139±0.016),(0.307±0.016),(0.319±0.017).There were markedly differences among four groups.(5)Both CTGF mRNA and protein were positively correlated with WA%(r=0.841,P0.01;r=0.902,P0.01).CONCLUSION:Pulmonary artery remodeling happens in early period after smoke exposure,and becomes worse.CTGF expressions in pulmonary arteries in smoke exposure groups obviously increase,and may play an important role in pulmonary arteries remodeling.
Trends and Effect of Marginalization on Diabetes Mellitus-Related Mortality in Mexico, 1990-2019

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of mortality. However, this behavior may differ over time for countries given their intrinsic factors. The objective of the study is to characterize the trend and assess the potential effect of marginalization on DM mortality during 1990-2019 in Mexico. We analyzed death certificates where DM was listed as the underlying cause of death (N=1,907,173) and the extent to which DM mortality changes, were associated with marginalization from an age-period-cohort analysis. DM mortality has increased for Mexico in the 1990-2019 period, this change was faster in the first half of our study and slowed after 2004. The highest marginalization quintiles drove the changes in DM mortality trends during 1990-2019 in Mexico, with higher risk of dying in these quintiles with aging than the lowest. In the most recent cohorts, the highest marginalization quintiles showed twice the risk of dying from DM than the lowest. Renal complications were the leading cause of death in persons with DM during 1990-2019, with a marked increase since 1999-2001. In conclusion, Mexico continues with a very high DM mortality, but this has slowed over time, and subnational differences in the marginalization can partially explain this trend.
Investigating the Impact of Deformable, Movable, and Rigid Surfaces on Force-Input Interactions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The force modality fundamentally transforms the interaction space of traditional touch input. When paired with compliant devices, which deform under force and provide immediate haptic feedback, there is potential to enhance user interactions significantly. However, the effects of compliance on force-input remain under-explored, with limited understanding of their full potential. This article presents the first systematic investigation of the impact of deformable, movable, and rigid surfaces on user performance and experience through three rigorous studies (each N = 28). The results reveal previously unreported effects, including (1) higher maximum comfortable forces on deformable surfaces, (2) user preference for soft and deformable surfaces over rigid surfaces, and (3) improved ability to maintain force input on softer surfaces. These results highlight the benefits of compliant surfaces, contrasting with the dominant use of force-input on rigid devices. These findings guide researchers and designers in optimizing user experience and performance of force-input interactions.
[Treatment of diaphyseal pseudoarthrosis with transosseous osteosynthesis by the Ilizarov method. Radiographic signs of reparative osteogenesis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main phases of ossification are shown-based on the results achieved by re-examining the X-ray pictures of 14 patients affected by tubular bones pseudoarthrosis treated with Ilizarov's closed compression-distraction osteosynthesis. The roentgen signs in particular are examined which are considered as expressive of positive evolution of the pseudoarthrosis. An outline of X-ray evolution of nonunions is also proposed, referring to the peculiar biological characters of ossification under compression-distraction stimulation.