jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extreme precipitation and flooding in Berlin under climate change conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of climate change on extreme precipitation and its impacts are investigated for the city of Berlin. The study is based on regional climate scenario simulations with a convection permitting horizontal resolution of 3 km conducted with CCLM (COSMO model in CLimate Mode).The regional model was forced with a CMIP5 global model simulation (MIROC5). Precipitation output is available at an hourly temporal resolution. We show results from simulations with historical greenhouse gas concentrations (1971-2000) and compare them to results with RCP8.5 greenhouse gas forcing.&#160;The relationship between duration, intensity and probability of the simulated precipitation is evaluated with a duration dependent general extreme value approach. The results are presented in the form of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves. The curves for the historical period fit well to the corresponding product of the German weather service based on station observations (KOSTRA). The comparison of the IDF curves between the historical and the scenario periods reveals that extreme precipitation will strongly increase in a warmer climate for all analysed accumulation times between 1 hour and 5 days. Hourly events that occurred on average every 100 years in the historical period, for example, are found to be 45% more intense in Berlin during the period 2031-2060 at RCP8.5 conditions. For events with a very low probability (return periods above 50 years) this increase is ,however, not steady in time.If no adaptation measures are taken, the projected increase in extreme precipitation can also be expected to have an impact on the intensity andprobability of urban flooding. Risk maps for pluvial flooding are usually based on statistical precipitation events estimated from past observation, also known as design rainfall. Often the 100-year return value for an hourly accumulation time is used. To demonstrate how the anticipated changes in extreme precipitation reflect on the potential future flood risk for Berlin, risk maps for the future climate scenario are produced using the design rainfall from the climate scenario simulations as input for hydro-numerical simulations. The hydro-dynamical simulations are performed with the robust 2-D shallow water model hms++ coupled to the canal-system model of the Berlin water company (BWB). In addition to the maps, changes in flood depth for selected hot-spots and increases in sewer overflow volumes are presented.&#160;
Increased strengthening of austenitic alloys through dual aging

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A study of the effect of solution treatment, single and duplex isothermal aging heat treatments on an Fe-Ni-Ti-Al austenitic alloy hardened by ..gamma..' precipitation is reported. Sequential heat treatments were performed and studied in order to develop a systematic process for achieving very high strength austenite through thermal processing alone. Room temperature tensile tests were carried out. Alloys receiving double aging treatments were found to achieve mechanical properties superior to those aged at a given temperature. An optimum level of yield strength (172 Ksi) along with good elongation (20%) was obtained from a two-step aging process. Structural examination indicated that overaging was retarded by secondary aging. The formation and growth of cellular precipitates were suppressed. Resistivity changes were measured on wire specimens to study the early stages of precipitation. Resistivity peaks were observed during secondary aging indicating evidence of secondary precipitation.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN-HOUSE VALIDATION OF MULTI-RESIDUE METHOD FOR TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES IN PALM KERNEL, MESOCARP AND RAW AGRICULTURE COMMODITY (RAC) USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MICRO ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR (GC-μECD)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A simple, fast and rapid multi-residue method for the analysis of triazole fungicide residues in palm kernel, mesocarp and raw agricultural commodity (RAC) was developed and validated using gas chromatographymicro electron capture detector (GC-µECD).The method was developed from a modified QuEChERS extraction method and followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up procedure.Five triazole compounds were studied, namely tetraconazole, penconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole and epoxiconazole.Optimisation of different solvent extractions was conducted in order to find a suitable solvents for triazole residue extraction.The developed method was validated in-house and satisfied the important validation parameters such as recovery, repeatability and reproducibility based on SANTE guideline.The recoveries for all fungicides at fortification levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg -1 in palm kernel, mesocarp and RAC were in the range of 80% to 108% with relative standard deviations (%RSD) of less than 10%.The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the developed method were estimated to range between 0.12 and 0.23 mg kg -1 and 0.31 and 0.7 mg kg -1 , respectively.
Encountering electronic work groups: a transaction costs perspective

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The design of effective systems for cooperative work must be based on a thorough understanding of the forces that shape cooperation and influence the productivity of the work group. We argue that cooperative work is not a straightforward social process whose stability can be taken for granted. On the contrary, each case of work group formation and process is uniquely influenced by its contextual forces. The appropriate type of information technology for the work group, and the impact of the technology on work group performance, are also determined in part by that context.
Detecting Animal Infection Source of Leptospirosis By Genechip Technique

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Different oligonucleotide probes or controls were spotted on glass slides in quarteticate with a low density array format.The fluorescent-labeled PCR products were prepared by incorporation of Cy3-labeled primer during PCR amplification and were hybridized to the genechips for detection of Leptospira interrogans strains and others.Their sensibility,specificity and feasibility were compared with conventional PCR.A specific amplification product with 482 bp length could be found from L.interrogans by conventional PCR,and conversely for the other microorganisms and normal animal tissue.The results showed no difference between genechip hybridization and conventional PCR.Detecting different concentration of L.interrogans blended into normal animal tissue with genechip and PCR,their minimum detecting concentration were 10 and 100 leptospiras, respectively. The sensibility of genechip was higher than that of routine PCR.Detecting the kidney,liver,heart and blood of 5 infected guinea pigs with genechip and PCR,their results were positive;Detecting 28 rat kidney specimens from epidemic area by the two methods,8 and 4 were positive, respectively. Detecting 10 kidney specimens of suspicious infected pigs,7 and 5 were positive, respectively.Detecting 5 rat kidney specimens from non-epidemic area, 5 normal kidney specimens and other microbe,the results were negative.These results revealed that genechip technique could rapidly, sensitively,specifically detect L.interrogans in animal source of infection.
Dynamics of the Hospital Pharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Dynamics of the Hospital Pharmacy Get access Ray E. Brown Ray E. Brown The University of Chicago Clinics, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 18, Issue 8, 1 August 1961, Pages 436–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/18.8.436 Published: 01 August 1961
Competitive Advantage of Intrapreneurs in Start-up Business: A Dynamic Model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Intrapreneurs, defined as the active and creative force in the entrepreneurs, starts new business as projects, groups, or departments within an existing firm. They represent the frontier of innovation in a current standing firm and explore new growth points for the hosting organization. On the other side, entrepreneurs that start new business compete with intrapreneurs in the same pool of potential clients in the broad market. This paper attempts to explore the competitive advantages of intrapreneurs relative to entrepreneurs when starting a new area of business. The paper employs a dynamic model to identify the necessary conditions that intrapreneurs ought to be endowed to dominate entrepreneurs. This study also identifies the conditions of providing innovation-friendly environment for intrapreneurs to dominate entrepreneurs.</span></p>
Subacute Methicillin-resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus hominis Endophthalmitis after Penetrating Keratoplasty Re-operation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To report a case of subacute methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis after re-operation for penetrating keratoplasty in a patient who had a penetrating keratoplasty rejection.Case summary: A 74-year-old man with underlying diabetes and hypertension who underwent bilateral penetrating keratoplasty at another hospital underwent penetrating keratoplasty reoperation due to corneal transplant rejection in the right eye. He had a history of end-stage glaucoma in the right eye and the visual acuity was finger counting at 30 cm. About 25 days postoperatively, the corneal epithelial defect was first found. Treatment based on suspicion of herpes simplex virus infection did not result in improvement and endophthalmitis was suspected in the right eye about 35 days after surgery. Anterior chamber irrigation, pars planar vitrectomy, and intravitreal antibiotic injection were performed. Culture revealed methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus hominis. After 2 months of treatment, the anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation decreased and best corrected visual acuity in the right eye recovered to 0.06.Conclusions: Subacute endophthalmitis caused by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus may occur after penetrating keratoplasty. Transplant failure due to infection can be avoided with vitrectomy and antibiotic treatment at the right time.
Feedback Structures for a Transfer Function Model of a Circular Vibrating Membrane

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The attachment of feedback loops to physical or musical systems enables a large variety of possibilities for the modification of the system behavior. Feedback loops may enrich the echo density of feedback delay networks (FDN), or enable the realization of complex boundary conditions in physical simulation models for sound synthesis. Inspired by control theory, a general feedback loop is attached to a model of a vibrating membrane. The membrane model is based on the modal expansion of an initial-boundary value problem formulated in a state-space description. The possibilities of the attached feedback loop are shown by three examples, namely by the introduction of additional mode wise damping; modulation and damping inspired by FDN feedback loops; time-varying modification of the system behavior.
Hypertensive crisis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents: two case reports

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In response to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccines were developed and approved quickly. However, numerous cardiovascular adverse events have been reported. We present two adolescent cases who developed a hypertensive crisis following NT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Patient 1 was an 18-year-old male and his systolic blood pressure was 230 mmHg one day after the second vaccine. He was obese. No secondary cause of hypertension other than the vaccine was identified. Patient 2 was an 18-year-old male who complained with palpitation after the first vaccine. His blood pressure was 178/109 mmHg. He had autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Both were treated with continuous infusion of labetalol followed by losartan, and blood pressure was controlled. Patient 2 received second vaccination and his blood pressure did not rise. It is warranted to measure blood pressure in adolescents at high risk of hypertension after NT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
Completing the Puzzle: Determinants, Comorbidities and Complications for Different Lung Cancer Subtypes: A Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with multiple independent risk factors contributing to its development. The objective of this study was represented by the impact of independent risk factors, such as smoking, anemia, cachexia or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) for lung cancer development. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, and we analyzed a database of 412 patients hospitalized between 1 February and 31 December 2023 in the Pulmonology Department of the Mureș County Clinical Hospital. Following the analysis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final analyzed group included 115 patients. Results: From the study group, 88 patients were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and 27 with small cell lung cancer. Of the non-small cell lung cancer patients, 50% had adenocarcinoma and 50% had squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases predominate as concomitant pathologies, with 82 and 81 cases identified among the patients evaluated, respectively. The incidence of diabetes mellitus was n = 20 for the patients, followed by asthma and other neoplasms. The body mass index was also analyzed with an average of 24.6. Body mass index does not correlate with histological type. The mean hemoglobin value in the group of patients was 12.8, and this could not be correlated with the histopathological type. Conclusions: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer may just be two different clinical presentations based on the same etiological factors, which also have a lot of overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease represents an individual risk factor for developing lung cancer. Smoking, as well as anemia, cachexia or other comorbidities (COPD), are individual risk factors for lung cancer.
Rapid recovery of an island population of the threatened South Island Saddleback Philesturnus c. carunculatus after a pathogen outbreak

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The small size of many island populations of endangered birds, together with their high density, low genetic diversity and naivety to introduced pathogens, may render them vulnerable to disease epidemics. Such an outbreak occurred in an isolated population of threatened South Island Saddleback Philesturnus c. carunculatus on Motuara Island, New Zealand. In 2002, the population dropped from ~130 birds to ~60 birds, apparently from an outbreak of systemic coccidiosis. However, within three years the population had recovered to > 130 individuals. This appears to be the carrying capacity of the island as areas left vacant after the crash were re-occupied by the end of the third year. Reproductive success of saddlebacks was similar across the three years following the crash and there were no significant differences in clutch size, nesting success or fledgling mass as the population increased. In contrast, feather mite loads increased and leucocyte counts changed significantly in both adult and nestling saddlebacks as the population recovered, suggesting higher population densities may reduce immunocompetence. Although reproductive success did not appear directly affected by population size, our observations indicate increased levels of stress at high densities could render saddlebacks susceptible to recurring disease outbreaks.
Hyperfine and Exchange Interactions in Tetraethyl-ammoniumbis(maleonitriledithiolato)cuprate(ll), [NEt4]2[Cu(mnt)2]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras-600 086 Single crystal epr study on [NEt4]2[Cu(mnt)2] diluted into the diamagnetic NiII analog shows the g and A tensors to be axially symmetric and to be having coincident principal axes. The pure CuII salt shows a single exchange narrowed epr line. The anisotropic line widths have been analysed to obtain a value of 1 700±300 G for J in this system. The estimate of J has been further confirmed by computing and compar­ing the Fourier components of the spin correlation functions using Blume Hubbard and Anderson-Weiss theoretical models.
LAPAROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF TYPE III PARAOESOPHAGEAL HERNIAWITH ORGANOAXIAL GASTRIC VOLVULUS : A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paraesophageal hernias are the results of defects in the diaphragmatic hiatus. Types II to IVhiatal hernias are also known as paraesophageal hernia. These hernias can be associated with life threatening complications such as gastric volvulus leading to necrosis or perforation of the stomach. Due to these potential complications it was thought that all paraesophageal hernia should be repaired upon diagnosis. Recent evidence, however demonstrated that a non surgical approach is a safe option in many cases. Surgical intervention is usually reserved for patients who are exhibiting symptoms secondary to paraesophageal hernia.We report an interesting case of a 72yrs old female who presented at with Type III paraesophageal hernia with organo axial gastric volulus for which successful Laparoscopic reduction of volvulus with Diaphragmatic hernia repair with Nissen's fundoplication was done
Converting Bowling to Civic Involvement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides evidence from San Francisco disputing the premise of Robert Putnam's critically acclaimed book, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, that social capital, especially the bridging variety, has declined all over the United States. It presents evidence that describes how the Filipino migrants' adaptive spirit, mediated through San Francisco churches, allows them to balance the competing social and civic responsibilities of new migrants, which include religious obligations and civic duties in both the United States and the Philippines. It uses two bayanihan case studies to illuminate more clearly how the adaptive spirits (or esprit de corps) of migrant faithful at Saint Patrick's Catholic Church in San Francisco and the Iglesia ni Cristo in Daly City are cultivated and channeled for the betterment of American society.
Linear Ultrasound Transmitter Based on Transformer with Improved Saturation Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasound methods are currently employed in a wide range of applications. They are integrated in complex electronics systems, like clinical echographs, but also in small and compact boards, like industrial sensors, embedded systems, and portable devices. Ultrasound waves are typically generated by energizing a piezoelectric transducer through a high-voltage sequence of small sinusoidal bursts. Moreover, in several applications, the ultrasound board should work in a wide frequency range. This makes the transmitter, i.e., the electronics that drives the transducer, a key part of the circuit. The use of a small transformer simplifies the electronics and reduces the need of high-voltage power sources. Unfortunately, the transformer magnetic core, when subjected to the sequence of bursts employed in ultrasound, is particularly prone to saturation. This phenomenon limits the maximum voltage and/or the minimum frequency the transformer can be employed for. In this work, a transmitter based on a transformer is proposed. Inspired by the technique currently employed in the power network transformers, we added a prefluxing circuit, which improves the saturation performance 2-fold. The proposed transmitter was implemented in a test board and experimented with two commercial transformers at 80 Vpp. Measurements show that the proposed prefluxing circuit moves down the minimum usable frequency 2-fold: from 400 to 200 kHz for one of the two transformers, and from 2.4 to 1.2 MHz for the other.
Reverse Auction Bidding-Bid Time Intervals Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reverse Auction Bidding is for the purchase of goods or services that has developed in line with the development of the World Wide Web. A number of agencies utilize Reverse Auction Bidding as their procurement tool. In an RAB, human bidders bid against each other by reduce their bid price.\n\nIt is believed the computer bidder machine can be introduced into reverse auction bidding to compete against human beings. However, the reaction time of a computer machine is much faster than a human. This research is looking to develop the algorithm for the computer machine to follow, so that when the computer is bidding against a human being, people cannot determine that it is a machine bidding in the game.\n\nThis research is the 26th case study of Reverse Auction Bidding in Texas A&M University, Construction Science department. The research has analyzed the existing data which collected from previous RAB experiments. The results show two rules can be setup for computer bidder machines. Rule 1, when the computer is bidding during the segment 1 of each section, it shall randomly select from 2 seconds to 23 seconds as its time-intervals. Rule 2, when the computer is bidding during the segment 2 of each section, it shall randomly select from 2 seconds to 9 seconds as its time-intervals.
Density Evolution, Thresholds and the Stability Condition for Non-binary LDPC Codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We derive the density evolution equations for non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) ensembles when transmission takes place over the binary erasure channel. We introduce ensembles defined with respect to the general linear group over the binary field. For these ensembles the density evolution equations can be written compactly. The density evolution for the general linear group helps us in understanding the density evolution for codes defined with respect to finite fields. We compute thresholds for different alphabet sizes for various LDPC ensembles. Surprisingly, the threshold is not a monotonic function of the alphabet size. We state the stability condition for non-binary LDPC ensembles over any binary memoryless symmetric channel. We also give upper bounds on the MAP thresholds for various non-binary ensembles based on EXIT curves and the area theorem.