jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlating on-substrate prepared electrochromes with their solution processed counterparts – towards validating polyazomethines as electrochromes in functioning devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of polyazomethines prepared from complementary triphenylamine diamines and thiophene dialdehydes by both solution step-growth and on-substrate polymerizations were examined. The absorbance, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the solution processable polyazomethines were compared to their on-substrate prepared counterparts that were immobilized on ITO coated glass substrates. The on-substrate prepared polymers were found to have enhanced optical and spectroelectrochemical properties compared to their solution processed counterparts. The optoelectronic properties were also contingent on the substitution of the triphenylamine repeating unit with electron donating and withdrawing groups. The on-substrate prepared polyazomethines offered many advantages compared to their counterparts prepared by conventional solution step-growth polymerization, including shorter polymerization times, simpler reaction conditions, straightforward purification, extended duty cycle in simulated electrochromic devices, and enhanced colors, among many others. More importantly, the on-substrate prepared polyazomethines were consistently immobilized on the device electrodes without delamination with extended oxidation/neutralization switching cycles between the neutral and oxidized states.
Clinical Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in China often experience elevated levels of depression and anxiety, which can adversely affect both the mothers’ well-being and their children’s developmental outcomes. This review addresses the urgent need to support these mothers by examining current clinical intervention strategies for maternal depression and anxiety in the context of raising a child with ASD in China. We conducted a comprehensive literature search (2022–2025) of international and Chinese studies, including randomized trials, meta-analyses, and program evaluations, to identify effective interventions and emerging practices. The findings reveal that a range of interventions can substantially alleviate maternal psychological distress. Psychotherapeutic approaches—particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based programs—consistently reduce parental stress and, when appropriately targeted, depressive symptoms. Behavioral and skills-training programs (such as parent-mediated ASD interventions) not only improve child behavior but also indirectly reduce mothers’ stress by empowering them with effective parenting techniques. Family support and psychoeducational interventions (including peer support groups and parenting workshops) help combat isolation and increase coping self-efficacy, leading to improvements in mood and anxiety. Pharmacological treatment (e.g., SSRIs for depression/anxiety) remains an important option for moderate-to-severe cases, and early evidence suggests that integrating mental health services into pediatric ASD care (through technology and multidisciplinary teams) can improve access and outcomes. In conclusion, addressing the mental health of mothers caring for children with ASD is a public health priority in China. Multiple evidence-based interventions—when tailored to cultural norms and delivered in accessible formats—can significantly reduce maternal depression and anxiety. Such improvements benefit not only the mothers, but also their children’s progress and the overall wellness of ASD families.
Diagnosing atopic dermatitis in the first year of life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Linked Article: Endre et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:50–58. Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease, often starting in the first year of life. However, the disease may be difficult to diagnose during infancy, even when using well-defined diagnostic criteria. Atopic dermatitis is also known as atopic eczema. The two terms are often used interchangeably in daily clinical practice, although eczema used alone is usually considered to be a more general term. In children, a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is thought to mean a worse outcome compared with a diagnosis of eczema. In this study, we report the occurrence of eczema in over 1800 infants in Norway and Sweden at 3, 6 and 12 months of age, and how many of these would fulfil two widely used diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis called the UK Working Party criteria and the Hanifin & Rajka’s criteria. Approximately one-third of all the infants had eczema at some point. However, only about one-third of these infants fulfilled either of the two sets of diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. Those who already had eczema at 3 months and those with eczema at more than one visit were most likely to fulfil the criteria. More infants were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by the Hanifin & Rajka’s criteria than the UK Working Party criteria at 12 months. We found that a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is hard to confirm in infancy. We recommend repeated examinations and using both sets of diagnostic criteria when diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infants. This approach may be relevant for research studies, but not so much in a busy clinical practice. The term infantile eczema may be more appropriate to use until the characteristics of atopic dermatitis have become clearer after infancy. Linked Article: Endre et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:50–58.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Hindered Double‐Bond Systems. Part 6. 1,1‐Di‐, 1,2,3‐Tri‐, and 1,1,4,4‐Tetra‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐butadiene.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Impact of Pulse Electric Field Treatment and Selected Bioactive Compound Extract toward Anticancer Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulse electric field were induced by using electroporation (EP) method which controlling the cell function to induce the substance into the cell by an opening pores on the cell membrane. In medical field, this approach has been applied widely, especially in cell studies. This paper focus on high voltage pulse electric field (HVPG) applied on MCF-7 cell (Human Breast cancer cell) to investigate the electroporation process (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 V/cm) with additional of bioactive compound extract, in order to look at the effectiveness of these two method through an anti-proliferation properties of MCF-7 cell. Thus, this findings will be used in cell cancer treatment with a stimulator which is the electric field to enhance the absorption of the bioactive compound extract into the cells. These methods will contribute towards understanding the cell cancer treatment that will lead towards an incentive technique for cancer cell treatment.
Protein–DNA complex-guided discovery of the antibacterial lead E1 for restoring the susceptibility ofKlebsiella Pneumoniaeto polymyxin B by targeting the response regulator PmrA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

E1, a novel adjuvant lead, restored the susceptibility ofKlebsiella Pneumoniaeto Polymyxin B by targeting the response regulator PmrA.
The Nature and Extent of Obedience in Elementary School Classrooms

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Abstract Approximately half the student body (154 students) of an ethnically mixed school in a middle-sized New England city were observed in groups of four and rated on the frequency and type of obedient behavior they displayed in a variety of contexts. Consistent with the behavior of adults in a very different laboratory setting (Milgram, 1974), the students, overall, showed a high level of obedience (86.3% for the average student). Ninety percent of the students were obedient at least 75% of the time, all the students were disobedient only 1.2% of the time, and at least 3 out of 4 students were obedient 88.6% of the time. Differences in sex, age, ethnicity, subject matter, and time of day did not produce differences of more than 10% in the students' level of obedience.
Cucurbitacin B Inhibits the Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway and Exerts Anticancer Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a natural compound isolated from herbs and shows anticancer activity in several cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, we analyzed the eﬀects of diﬀerent CuB concentrations on the proliferative and invasive behaviors of CRC cells using MTT, clonogenic assay, Transwell invasion, and wound healing assays. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the apoptotic eﬀects of CuB on CRC cells. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to investigate the expression of apoptosis and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway proteins. RESULTS CuB inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells while promoting apoptosis. In addition, the Western blot and real-time PCR results indicated that CuB suppressed YAP expression and its downstream target genes Cyr 61 and c-Myc in CRC cells. To assess the underlying mechanism, we investigated the upstream regulating factor LATS1, and the results revealed that CuB upregulated LATS1 expression in CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings uncovered a novel therapeutic mechanism of CuB and suggest that there is therapeutic potential and feasibility in developing novel YAP inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Changes in the activities of several enzymes related to immunity in Allogynogenetic crucian carp diseased with epidermal papillomas

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The activities of alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and lysozyme(LSZ) were compared in five tissues between healthy and diseased Allogynogenetic crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio ♀ ×Cyprinus carpio var.singuonensis♂)with epidermal papilloma.The results showed that the activities of AKP were significantly higher in epidermal papillomas,blood plasmas and spleens in slightly diseased group and in heavily diseased group than those in the control group,but without significant difference in blood plasmas between slightly diseased group and the control group.There were significantly lower enzymatic activities above in livers and kidneys in the diseased groups than those in the control group.The activities of ACP were found to be significantly higher in the epidermal papillomas,blood plasmas,kidneys and spleens in slightly diseased group and in heavily diseased group than those in the control group without significant difference in epidermal papilloma between heavily diseased group and the control group.The activity of ACP in the livers was significantly lower in the heavily diseased group than that in the control group.The activities of ACP in kidneys and spleens were significantly higher in heavily diseased group than those in the slightly diseased group.The activities of SOD in epidermal papillomas and blood plasmas were significantly lower only in the heavily diseased group than those in the control group.In the livers,kidneys and spleens,however,the activities of SOD were significantly higher in the slightly diseased group and heavily diseased group than those in the control group without significant difference in kidneys between the heavily diseased group and the control group.The activities of LSZ in five kinds of tissues were significantly lower in the slightly diseased group and in theavily diseased group than those in the control group except no significant difference in livers between the slightly diseased group and the control group,indicating that the activities of the enzymes related to immune increased or decreased in differenct tissues in the diseased fishes.There was a positive relationship between the levels of the enzyme activity change and the disease condition.
Apomixis takes centre stage The Flowering of Apomixis: from Mechanisms to Genetic Engineering

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Apomixis is afascinating mode ofplant reproductionwhereby seeds formasexually. Apomixisand sexualreproduction sharea common cast ofplayers because thereproductive organsof the flower areinvolved. However, in apomixis the sceneof action is set exclusively inside the ovule.Although there are many versions ofapomixis, the play is always shorter thanthe sexual version because key acts thatfeature in sexual reproduction are omittedduring apomixis. For example, the embryosac and the cells within it form directly bymitosis and meiosis is bypassed. Thefemale role dominates in apomixis and themale is relegated to a bit-part becausefertilization is not required for embryoformation. The progeny of apomicts aretherefore genetic clones of the mother.Whereas, in the majority of apomicticspecies, the cameo role of the male iscrucial for the formation of the endospermcompartment of the seed.Apomixis was discovered in the late1800s. Mendel unwittingly worked withapomictic
Associations Between Pre-Widowhood Psychological Resilience and Subsequent Depressive Symptom Recovery Following Spousal Loss Among Men and Women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background and Objectives Most older widowed men and women experience elevated depressive symptoms after spousal loss, and many recover to prewidowhood levels over time. However, not all widows return to preloss mental health, and recovery may differ by gender. Prewidowhood psychological resilience (PR) has been shown to influence these effects. This study evaluates changes in depressive symptoms for older men and women to determine how PR shapes acute and long-term depressive symptom responses to spousal loss. Research Design and Methods Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data, we evaluate changes in depressive symptoms from baseline PR prewidowhood to (a) the first study wave in which individuals report widowhood (acute effects) and (b) the second wave after reporting widowhood (recovery period), for men and for women. We use inverse probability weighted regression models, comparing new widows with their continuously married counterparts. Results Both widowed men and women experienced increased depressive symptoms in the acute period following spousal loss regardless of PR level. However, moderate to high levels of PR for men and high PR for women predicted recovery to prewidowhood depressive symptoms two years later. High PR was also associated with fewer depressive symptoms over time among continuously married men and women. Discussion and Implications Results suggest interventions that bolster PR preceding spousal loss could enhance likelihood of recovery following widowhood for both men and women and may also provide protective effects regarding overall depressive symptoms among married individuals over time.
Probabilistic initial value problem for cellular automaton rule 172

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a method of solving of the probabilistic initial value problem for cellular automata (CA) using CA rule 172 as an example. For a disordered initial condition on an infinite lattice, we derive exact expressions for the density of ones at arbitrary time step. In order to do this, we analyze topological structure of preimage trees of finite strings of length 3. Level sets of these trees can be enumerated directly using classical combinatorial methods, yielding expressions for the number of $n$-step preimages of all strings of length 3, and, subsequently, probabilities of occurrence of these strings in a configuration obtained from the initial one after $n$ iterations of rule 172. The density of ones can be expressed in terms of Fibonacci numbers, while expressions for probabilities of other strings involve Lucas numbers. Applicability of this method to other CA rules is briefly discussed.
Eavesdropping Whilst You’re Shopping: Balancing Personalisation and Privacy in Connected Retail Spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Physical retailers, who once led the way in tracking with loyalty cards and ‘reverse appends’, now lag begin online competitors. Yet we might be seeing these tables turn, as many increasingly deploy technologies ranging from simple sensors to advanced emotion detection systems, even enabling them to tailor prices and shopping experiences on a per-customer basis. Here, we examine these in-store tracking technologies in the retail context, and evaluate them from both technical and regulatory standpoints. We first introduce the relevant technologies in context, before considering privacy impacts, the current remedies individuals might seek through technology and the law, and those remedies’ limitations. To illustrate challenging tensions in this space we consider the feasibility of technical and legal approaches to both a) the recent ‘Go’ store concept from Amazon which requires fine-grained, multi-modal track- ing to function as a shop; and b) current challenges in opting in or out of increasingly pervasive passive Wi-Fi tracking. The ‘Go’ store presents significant challenges with its legality in Europe significantly unclear and unilateral, technical measures to avoid biometric tracking likely ineffective. In the case of MAC addresses, we see a difficult-to-reconcile clash between privacy-as-confidentiality and privacy-as-control, and suggest a technical framework which might help balance the two. Sig- nificant challenges exist when seeking to balance personalisation with privacy, and researchers must work together, including across the boundaries of preferred privacy definitions, to come up with solutions that draw on both technology and the legal frameworks to provide effective and proportionate protection. Retailers, simultaneously, must ensure that their track- ing is not just legal, but worthy of the trust of concerned data subjects.
Inquiry Into Teaching: Using Reflective Teaching to Improve My Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

How effective is reflective teaching in increasing the engagement and achievement of pre-service teachers when utilized by a first-year college instructor? This article documents a practitioner inquiry project in which I reflected both on my own observations and student feedback regarding what teaching methods were most beneficial in an undergraduate elementary education class. Data included student feedback, personal researcher journal entries, student quiz scores, and format for presenting material in class. Pre-service teacher engagement and learning were both enhanced by integration of videos, activities, and higher level questions into class sessions. The results of this research affirm the power of reflective teaching while also reflecting the need to more actively engage pre-service teachers in this practice.
Self-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Consistency

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An experiment tested the hypothesis that the degree to which an attitude is inferred from past behaviors toward an object is a determinant of attitude-behavior consistency. Subjects participated in a two-session experiment. During the first session, subjects' attitudes toward religion were assessed under one of two conditions. Control subjects' attitudes were measured before they completed a questionnaire wherein they indicated which of a list of behaviors pertaining to religion they had performed in the past. Self-Perception subjects completed the same two sets of items, but in the reverse order; thus, they were provided with an extensive opportunity to review and evaluate their past behaviors before indicating their attitudes toward religion. Approximately one month later, all subjects returned for the second session, during which three measures of their behaviors pertaining to religion since the first session were obtained. On two of the three measures, the predictive utility of religious attitudes was shown to be greater in the Self-Perception condition than in the Control condition.
Maternal Health Risk Classification - A Comparison between Algorithm Decision Tree and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Maternal health is a critical concern, particularly for individuals who are pregnant and will shape the future generations. However, not all expectant mothers receive tailored attention and care for their unique health needs. Consequently, many mothers face high levels of health risks during pregnancy, highlighting the importance of classifying maternal health risks. Classification can help identify influential factors affecting maternal health and predict risk levels for individual mothers. In the field of data mining, various classification methods exist for analyzing complex datasets. This study focuses on two widely used algorithms: decision tree and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN). By employing these algorithms, we aim to classify a dataset comprising 1,014 records of maternal health risk levels. Through cross-validation and T-tests, we rigorously evaluate the performance of the decision tree and kNN algorithms in this context. Our findings indicate that the kNN algorithm is more suitable for classifying maternal health risks, achieving a significantly higher accuracy of 71.50% compared to the decision tree algorithm's accuracy of 70.71%. This result establishes the superiority of the kNN algorithm in accurately classifying maternal health risks. These findings have implications for developing targeted interventions and tailored healthcare strategies to mitigate identified risks.
Adaptation Strategies for Salinity Stress in Maize: An Overview on Exogenous Chemical and Phyto-Microbiome Approaches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

200Global warming is the leading cause of soil salinity, which affects the productivity of various crops, including maize. Soil salinity disrupts various physiological and biochemical processes in maize, including photosynthesis, water relations, respiration, stomatal regulation, and biosynthesis of enzymes. Improved performance of maize in saline soils may result from knowledge of the resistance to salt stress and an overview of the management options. Several approaches, alone or in combination have aided in the reduction of the negative effects of salinity by increasing salt tolerance in maize. Exogenous compounds, such as osmoprotectants (OP), polyamines (PA), nitric oxide (NO), and phytohormones, are thought to be the most promising and effective against environmental stresses, and they play critical roles in increasing maize resistance to salt stress. Furthermore, the use of microbes, which have been shown to be capable of reducing abiotic stresses, is a novel and promising method, and the plant microbiome has the ability to promote development and protect the host via a variety of molecular pathways. This chapter provides an overview of the exogenous application of several compounds and phyto-microbiomes that mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on maize.