jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Linear gaps between degrees for the polynomial calculus modulo distinct primes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Article Free Access Share on Linear gaps between degrees for the polynomial calculus modulo distinct primes Authors: Sam Buss Department of Mathematics, Univ. of Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, CA Department of Mathematics, Univ. of Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, CAView Profile , Dima Grigoriev Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PAView Profile , Russell Impagliazzo Computer Science and Engineering, Univ. of Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, CA Computer Science and Engineering, Univ. of Calif., San Diego, La Jolla, CAView Profile , Toniann Pitassi Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '99: Proceedings of the thirty-first annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingMay 1999 Pages 547–556https://doi.org/10.1145/301250.301399Online:01 May 1999Publication History 11citation220DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads220Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Effective α-Helix Stabilization via Hexenyl Propionate Cross-Link

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study we examined two ester-containing cross-links, hex-2-enyl acetate and hex-2-enyl propionate, as new cross-linking systems for helix stabilization of short peptides. We demonstrated that these hexenyl ester cross-links can be readily installed via a ruthenium-mediated ring-closing metathesis reaction of L-aspartic acid 4-allyl ester or L-glutamic acid 5-allyl ester at position i and (S)-2-(4'-pentenyl)alanine at position i+4 using second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst at $60^{\circ}C$. Between these two cross-links, we found that the hex-2-enyl propionate significantly stabilizes the ${\alpha}$-helical conformations of short model peptides. The helix-stabilizing effects of the hex-2-enyl propionate tether appear to be as powerful as Verdine's i,i+4 all-hydrocarbon stapling system, which is one of the most widely used and the most potent helix-stabilizing cross-linking systems. Furthermore, the hex-2-enyl propionate bridge is reasonably robust against non-enzymatic hydrolytic cleavage at a physiological pH. While extended studies for probing its chemical scopes and biological applications are needed, we believe that this new helix-stabilizing system could serve as a useful chemical tool for understanding protein folding and designing conformationally-constrained peptide drugs.
HIV replication is associated to inflammasomes activation, IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 expression in GALT and peripheral blood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promotes an inflammatory process, leading to the progressive loss of the functional capacity of the immune system. The HIV infection induces alterations in several tissues, but mainly in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). However, the degree of GALT deterioration varies among infected individuals. In fact, it has been shown that HIV-controllers, who spontaneously control viral replication, exhibit a lower inflammatory response, and a relative normal frequency and function of most of the immune cells. Inflammasomes are molecular complexes involved in the inflammatory response, being NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 and Pyrin inflammasomes, the best characterized so far. These complexes regulate the maturation of cytokines of the IL-1 family, including IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines have been associated with immune activation and expansion of HIV target cells, promoting viral replication. Interesting, some reports indicate that HIV induces the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but the role of this, and other inflammasomes during HIV infection, especially in GALT, remains unclear. Objective To compare the relative expression of inflammasome components and the proinflammatory response related to their activity, between HIV-progressors and HIV-controllers. Methods GALT biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 HIV-controllers and 15 HIV-progressors were obtained. The relative expression of the following inflammasome components were evaluated by RT-PCR: NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP1, AIM2, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, plasma concentration of IL-18 was evaluated as an indicator of baseline proinflammatory status. Finally, in supernatants of PBMCs in vitro stimulated with inflammasome agonists, the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 were quantified by ELISA. Results HIV-progressors exhibited higher expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 genes in GALT and PBMCs compared with HIV-controllers. In addition, HIV-progressors had also increased expression of ASC in PBMCs. When plasma levels were evaluated, IL-18 was increased in HIV-progressors. Interesting, these patients also showed an increased production of IL-1β in supernatants of PBMCs stimulated in vitro with the agonists of AIM2, NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Finally, the expression of caspase-1, NLRP1, IL-1β and IL-18 in GALT or peripheral blood was correlated with CD4+ T-cell count and viral load. Conclusion Our results suggest that during HIV-infection, the required signals to induce the expression of different components of the inflammasomes are produced, both in GALT and in periphery. The activation of these molecular complexes could increase the number of target cells, favoring HIV replication and cell death, promoting the disease progression.
Local existence with minimal regularity for nonlinear wave equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of semilinear wave equations which satisfy the "null condition." We prove that the problem is locally well-posed in H s +1 for s > ¾ in 1 + 3 dimensions and s > ¼ in 1 + 2 dimensions. Moreover, it is shown that the result in 1 + 2 dimensions is sharp.
Means of mechanization and technological methods for the restoration of degraded mountain agricultural landscapes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The authors present the results of R & D and new aggregates for improving degraded slope areas. The purpose of the study is to develop new systems of grassland management to increase soil fertility and accelerate the restoration of mountain areas. The object of the study is agricultural practices that increase the productivity of mountain phytocenoses with aggregates developed by the authors for the following operations: slitting, sowing grass seeds and applying mineral fertilizers. The tasks of the research included: to study the optimal distance between the springy stands of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2,4 and to assess the impact of the conducted agricultural practices on changing the floral composition of the grass stand, improving the plant nutrition regime and water-air regime, enriching the grass stands by seeding valuable grass species. The novelty of the technical solution is that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve the phytocenosis of land using small-sized universal aggregates. The tests were carried out in the mountain zone of the RNO – Alania (Dargava basin, the stronghold of the SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540m above sea level in the south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 150. The pasture area is heavily degraded. The experimental section is divided into three repetitions. The width of each repetition is 2.4 m, the length is 10 m, the dividing strips are 1m, the side strips are 2.4 m. The total area of the experimental site located across the slope is 184.2 m2. Results. It was found that a higher yield for three years of observations was revealed in the variant with a distance between the slits of 1.5 m. In relation to the control variant, in the first year of observations, the increase in this variant was 8.9 c/ha of dry weight, and in the third year this indicator increased to 12.5 c/ha, while in the variant with slits after 1 m, this indicator was 5.2–6.7 c/ha, respectively, and at a distance of 2.4 m – 4.3–5.1 c/ha (42 % of the soil cover).
High performance reversed shear plasmas with a large radius transport barrier in JT-60U

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The operation of reversed shear plasmas in JT-60U has been extended to the low-q, high-Ip region keeping a large radius transport barrier, and a high fusion performance has been achieved. Record values of deuterium-tritium (DT)-equivalent power gain in JT-60U have been obtained: QDTeq = 1.05, τE = 0.97 s, nD(0) = 4.9 × 1019 m-3 and Ti(0) = 16.5 keV. A large improvement in confinement resulted from the formation of an internal transport barrier (ITB) with a large radius, which was characterized by steep gradients in electron density, electron temperature and ion temperature just inside the position of qmin. Large negative shear regions, up to 80% of the plasma minor radius in the low-qmin regime (qmin∼2), were obtained by plasma current ramp-up after the formation of the ITB with the pressure and current profiles being controlled by adjustment of plasma volume and beam power. The ITB was established by on-axis beam heating into a low density target plasma with reversed shear that was formed by current ramp-up without beam heating. The confinement time increased with the radius of the ITB and the decrease of qmin at a fixed toroidal field. High H factors, up to 3.3, were achieved with an L mode edge. The effective one fluid thermal diffusivity χeff had its minimum in the ITB. The values of H/q95 and βt increased with the decrease of q95, and the highest performance was achieved at q95 ∼3.1 (2.8 MA). The performance was limited by disruptive beta collapses with βN∼2 at qmin∼2.
Effects of fermentation waste on the growth performance of superworm

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Superworn(Zophobas morio L.)is a new protein resource insects.Its larvae are high nutrient to mealworm(Tenebrio molitor L.)as animal feed.The purpose of this study is to improve the nutritional value of larvae,reduce farming costs,achieve circular economy and use of renewable resources.This experiment uesd the waste,which produced in fermentation process of enzymes,to rear superworm,observed its growth,and detected its conventional ingredients.The results show that,compared with the common superworms,the experimental group,which reared with mixture of fermentation waste and wheat bran(1 ∶1),had similar growth process,individual quality,ash content,protein content,fat content and fiber content.
Plant development and microRNA.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

microRNAs are a class of endogenous and non-coding RNAs that play very important roles in the development of plants and animals.This review summarizes the key roles of microRNA in plants.As a class of regulative nucleic acid molecules,microRNAs recognize and negatively regulate their targets to play their biologic roles.Most microRNAs express in a time and space-specific manner to play their roles in many aspects of the development in plants.And some microRNAs play their roles are induced by exogenous factors.
An error analysis of Helmholtz inversion for incompressible shear, vibration elastography with application to filter-design for tissue characterization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For over fifteen years there has been significant effort in elastography, which describes the general area of imaging material mechanical properties. Shear vibration elastography uses dynamic tissue displacements to infer material properties from the physics of motion. The method can be used with both magnetic resonance and ultrasound data, which can both be modeled with the time-harmonic, Helmholtz equation if the material is linear, isotropic, incompressible, and piecewise-homogeneous. In this work, we develop a unified perspective on direct Helmholtz inversion. Using the fundamental theorem of statistics and a Gaussian noise model, we present a closed form for the joint conditional probability distribution of the real and imaginary parts of the squared wavenumber given the data and an arbitrary set of weights. An approximate distribution can be used in the case of high SNR which allows a figure-of-merit to be established to objectively compare inversion approaches. Adaptively choosing the inversion weights for each subregion as the smoothed and windowed conjugate of the data results in a narrow conditional probability distribution function and, consequently, high-quality estimates of complex shear modulus. To test the results, we used experimental ultrasound data-collected using a focused 5 MHz transducer with a pulse-repetition frequency of 4 kHz in a block of 15% bovine gel. The gel was harmonically compressed using a signal containing equal amplitudes at frequencies of 200, 300, 400 and 500 Hz. Noise on the measured displacement was estimated from the magnitude of the complex (baseband) correlation function and used with the conditional probability distribution function to report error bars on single-region estimates of complex shear modulus, wave-speed and attenuation.
349-OR: Reduction of RNA-Editing Enzyme ADAR1 in Human Islets Triggers an Interferon Response and Impairs Beta-Cell Function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction & Objective: It is thought that viral infection triggers islet inflammation, an interferon signature, and autoimmunity resulting in type 1 diabetes. Despite extensive research, an inciting virus has not been identified. We hypothesized that impaired RNA editing and accumulation of double-stranded RNA in beta cells triggers an interferon response, causing islet inflammation, autoimmunity, and beta cell destruction. While RNA editing regulated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) has been studied in some organs and in cancer, little is known about the role of ADAR in human islets. Method: To elucidate the role of ADAR1 in human islets, we first studied ADAR expression and distribution in human pancreas across postnatal developmental timeline (1 day, 4 months, 2, 6, 10, 35 years). Then we transduced human pseudoislets with a shRNA for ADAR and examined their function and gene expression. The transduced pseudoislets were also transplanted into NSG mice. Insulin secretion was measured and grafts were studied. Results: We found that ADAR1 expression at all ages was greater in endocrine cells than acinar cells. Using the shRNA approach, ADAR mRNA levels were reduced by 70% (n=11 donors). After 7-day culture, expression of dsRNA sensors, IFNB1, IRF7, IRF9, and interferon-stimulated genes was increased while INS and MAFA expression was reduced in ADAR knockdown islets without changes in insulin secretion. However, 3 weeks post transplantation, glucose/arginine-stimulated human insulin secretion was significantly decreased in mice with the ADAR shRNA graft compared with scrambled shRNA control graft (0.117 vs 0.300 ng/mL, p=0.0001, n=3 donors). Analysis of pseudoislet grafts 4 weeks after transplantation showed marked accumulation of mouse CD45+ cells around ADAR-knockdown islet grafts. Conclusion: Interruption of RNA editing in human islets activates the interferon signaling pathway leading to islet inflammation and beta cell dysfunction. Disclosure C. Dai: None. A.K. Singh: None. R. Brantley: None. A. Bradley: None. R. Jenkins: None. D.C. Saunders: None. M. Brissova: None. E. Levanon: Advisory Panel; ADARX, Exsilio. A. Klochendler: None. Y. Dor: None. A.C. Powers: None.
Storage Stability and Sensory Evaluation of Taro Chips Fried in Palm Oil, Palm Olein Oil, Groundnut Oil, Soybean Oil and Their Blends

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) chips fried in Palm Oil (PO), Soybean Oil (SBO), Palm Olein Oil (POO), Groundnut Oil (GO) and in 40:60 w/w blend ratio of palm oil: POO; SBO; GO were stored for 0-5 weeks in dark and in fluorescent light. Chips were subjected to weekly chemical and sensory analysis. Results showed that significant (p 0.05) affected by dark storage. Peroxide Value (PV) was highest in soybean oil fried chips (p>0.05) during storage. Peroxide Value (PV) increased at a slower rate in chips fried in palm oil, palm olein oil/blends.
A Generalization of Proximity Functions for K-Means

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

K-means is a widely used partitional clustering method. A large amount of effort has been made on finding better proximity (distance) functions for k-means. However, the common characteristics of proximity functions remain unknown. To this end, in this paper, we show that all proximity functions that fit k-means clustering can be generalized as k-means distance, which can be derived by a differentiable convex function. A general proof of sufficient and necessary conditions for k-means distance functions is also provided. In addition, we reveal that k-means has a general uniformization effect; that is, k-means tends to produce clusters with relatively balanced cluster sizes. This uniformization effect of k-means exists regardless of proximity functions. Finally, we have conducted extensive experiments on various real-world data sets, and the results show the evidence of the uniformization effect. Also, we observed that external clustering validation measures, such as entropy and variance of information (VI), have difficulty in measuring clustering quality if data have skewed distributions on class sizes.
The association between sensor-based assessments of daily physical activity patterns and physical fitness in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the association between sensor-based assessment of daily physical activity patterns and physical fitness among older adults by meta-analyses of relevant studies. Methods A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, CINAHL by EBSCOhost, Web of Science, PsycInfo by ProQuest, Embase, and Scopus) from inception until January 18, 2025. Manual searches of reference lists and Google Scholar were also performed, utilizing predefined keywords to identify observational studies with bivariate association analyses. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies was employed to assess study quality. The association analyses were further categorized based on the characteristics of daily activity (sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous) and physical fitness (e.g., grip strength, knee muscle strength, leg power, walking endurance, mobility function, and gait speed). Results Thirteen cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. On average, older adults spent 78% of their day sedentary, 15% in light-intensity activity, and 7% in moderate-to-vigorous activity. Sedentary behavior was linked to lower physical fitness ( $$r=-0.10$$ to $$-0.47$$ ), while moderate-to-vigorous activity was linked to better fitness ( $$r=0.21$$ to 0.43); light-intensity activity showed only weak and selective associations with better mobility function and gait speed ( $$r=0.20$$ to 0.26). Conclusion This review shows that while older adults spend much of their day sedentary, both moderate-to-vigorous and light-intensity physical activity are linked to better physical fitness. Promoting light-intensity activities may be a practical strategy to support mobility and independence, especially for those unable to meet higher activity guidelines. However, recommendations should remain cautious, as the evidence supporting an association between light-intensity physical activity and physical fitness is currently weak. PROSPERO registration The protocol of this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42023471302).
Numerical Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Plume Dispersion in Sandstone Aquifer of Malay Basin

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

256.05 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been released into the atmosphere of Malaysia as of 2021. If no steps are done to limit Malaysia's CO2 emissions, it is projected that this scenario could go on for relatively many years to come. The feasibility of CO2 geological sequestration has been taken into consideration as a viable method of minimizing CO2 emission in Malaysia, considering the anticipated rise in energy demand for sustainable development in this nation. The long-term fate of the captured CO2 is, however, the primary concern of public and environment but it is not practical to do simulations in a lab or via experiments. In examining the movement of the CO2 plume after being injected into the sandstone aquifer, computer simulation is therefore more practical to utilize in this research. Malay Basin was ranked as the most potential basin for carbon sequestration in Malaysia because it fulfils most of the criteria. Therefore, by utilizing data from previous studies, 10 km2 of Malay Basin sandstone aquifer was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software in order to explore the pattern of CO2 dispersion in sandstone aquifer and to predict its migration radius in a given period. The second goal of this research is to determine a relationship between the rate of CO2 injection per 10 km2 and the velocity of CO2 plume flow in sandstone aquifer. Lastly, this study aims to estimate the saturation of CO2 per 10 km2 of the aquifer with various injection rates after a given time. Results from the numerical computation shows that CO2 injected into the Malay Basin migrates upward and laterally, with the plume pattern expanding over time and higher injection rates. On the other hand, the velocity of plume dispersion fluctuates and decreases with distance due to pressure gradients and dissolution of CO2 into the formation’s brine. Saturation of CO2 was also found to be the highest at the injection point and broadens with higher injection rates. This study's findings have practical implications for optimizing design, managing injection rates, assessing caprock integrity, implementing monitoring strategies, and conducting environmental impact assessments to ensure safe and effective carbon storage for long-term CO2 sequestration in Malay Basin. Given the size of Malaysia's geological CO2 sequestration industry, this research is seen as a wise investment from an economic standpoint. Politically speaking, the findings of this research provide policymakers and legislators with a suitable point of reference for implementing CO2 emission regulations in Malaysia.