jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Convergent Evolution of the Seed Shattering Trait

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Loss of seed shattering is a key trait in crop domestication, particularly for grain crops. For wild plants, seed shattering is a crucial mechanism to achieve greater fitness, although in the agricultural context, this mechanism reduces harvesting efficiency, especially under dry conditions. Loss of seed shattering was acquired independently in different monocotyledon and dicotyledon crop species by ‘convergent phenotypic evolution’, leading to similar low dehiscent and indehiscent phenotypes. Here, the main aim is to review the current knowledge about seed shattering in crops, in order to highlight the tissue modifications that underlie the convergent phenotypic evolution of reduced shattering in different types of fruit, from the silique of Brassicaceae species, to the pods of legumes and spikes of cereals. Emphasis is given to legumes, with consideration of recent data obtained for the common bean. The current review also discusses to what extent convergent phenotypes arose from parallel changes at the histological and/or molecular levels. For this reason, an overview is included of the main findings relating to the genetic control of seed shattering in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and in other important crops.
A new species of Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a brachypterous queen from southern Japan, and phylogeny of Japanese Monomorium species with diverse reproductive strategies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Monomorium is an important phylogenetic group, notable for its taxonomic complexity and the presence of several well-known tramp species. In this study, we present a description of M. brachypterum sp. nov. from southern Japan along with an updated key to the Japanese species of the genus based on the worker caste. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using 13 protein-coding genes of the mitochondrial genome indicated that this new species is most closely related to M. intrudens . Within their overlapping distributions, analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene showed that the two species are phylogenetically distinct. The queens of M. brachypterum are distinguished from those of M. intrudens by degenerated wings, suggesting contrasting dispersal strategies between the two sister species. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis performed for the Japanese Monomorium species provides support for the repeated evolution of diverse reproductive systems within this genus. The present study highlights a wide variety of evolutionary trends in the nest-level reproductive system, even among closely related species.
Multicentre observational status-epilepticus registry: protocol for ICTAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Status epilepticus (SE) is a common life-threatening neurological emergency that can cause long-term impairments. Overall outcomes remain poor. Major efforts are required to clarify the epidemiology of SE and the determinants of outcomes, thereby identifying targets for improved management. Methods and analysis ICTAL Registry is a multicentre open cohort of critically ill patients with convulsive, non-convulsive or psychogenic non-epileptic SE. Observational methods are applied to collect uniform data. The goal of the ICTAL Registry is to collect high-quality information on a large number of patients, thereby allowing elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in mortality and morbidity. The registry structure is modular, with a large core data set and the opportunity for research teams to create satellite data sets for observational or interventional studies (eg, cohort multiple randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies and short-term and long-term longitudinal outcome studies). The availability of core data will hasten patient recruitment to studies, while also decreasing costs. Importantly, the vast amount of data from a large number of patients will allow valid subgroup analyses, which are expected to identify patient populations requiring specific treatment strategies. The results of the studies will have a broad spectrum of application, particularly given the multidisciplinary approach used by the IctalGroup research network. Ethics and dissemination The ICTAL Registry protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the French Intensive Care Society (#CE_SRLF 19-68 and 19-68a). Patients or their relatives/proxies received written information to the use of the retrospectively collected and pseudonymised data, in compliance with French law. Prospectively included patients receive written consent form as soon as they recover decision-making competency; if they refuse consent, they are excluded from the registry. Data from the registry will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number NCT03457831 .
Electronic Means for Human Reources Research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

During the past several decades the increasing complexity of problem solving by individuals and institutions (both public and private) has emphasized the importance of information: its acquisition, processing and use. The rapid development of technology has provided new options for generating, processing and distributing data-increasing individual and collective awareness with concomitant with clerical functions have been entrusted with new definitions. New vocations based on the applications of data and knowledge have emerged. These developments have challenged and continue to challenge institutions in their charge to prepare individuals for such vocations.
Introduction to the Handbook on Theories of Governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To establish a common framework for the individual chapters explaining the intricacies of governance theory, the Introduction first defines the concept of governance and then specifies the basic understanding of governance that informs the contributions to this Handbook. It then explores the rise and development of the governance debate in Western liberal democracies and other parts of the world. Having defined the concept of governance and explored its origins, the Introduction reflects on the content and purpose of theories of governance and the need for a Handbook dedicated to the study of governance theory. This need arises from the rapid expansion of empirical studies of governance, which prompts us to consolidate, assess and further develop the theoretical foundations of this field. At the end of the Introduction, the purpose and content of the four parts of the Handbook are explained and the different ways that it can be used are outlined.
Psychomotor development in very and extremely low-birth-weight preterm children: Could it be predicted by early motor milestones and perinatal complications?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<abstract> <p>Preterm-born children are at risk of slower psychomotor development. This risk may be associated with low birth weight and other perinatal factors and morbidities.</p> <p>We aimed to assess psychomotor development in school-aged preterm children, and to determine whether some early motor and perinatal variables could be related to and/or predict the later motor achievements.</p> <p>Parents of 54 very low-birth-weight preterm, 24 extremely low-birth-weight preterm and 96 control children completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2-C) checklist and were interviewed about the motor milestones of their children.</p> <p>Significant differences were found between the preterm and control groups in the MABC-2-C results. MABC-2-C outcomes were significantly predicted by the age of crawling, the use of steroids, mechanical ventilation and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).</p> <p>The use of screening tools may allow the rapid identification of psychomotor development delays. The presence of some perinatal risk factors and some motor milestone attainments could be related to motor development in the later childhood of preterm children.</p> </abstract>
Effects of Plasma Treatment on Contact Resistance and Sheet Resistance of Graphene FET

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the effect of capacitively coupled Ar plasma treatment on contact resistance ($R_c$) and channel sheet resistance ($R_{sh}$) of graphene field effect transistors (FETs), by varying their channel length in the wide range from 200 nm to $50{\mu}m$ which formed the transfer length method (TLM) patterns. When the Ar plasma treatment was performed on the long channel ($10{\sim}50{\mu}m$) graphene FETs for 20 s, $R_c$ decreased from 2.4 to $1.15k{\Omega}{\cdot}{\mu}m$. It is understood that this improvement in $R_c$ is attributed to the formation of $sp^3$ bonds and dangling bonds by the plasma. However, when the channel length of the FETs decreased down to 200 nm, the drain current ($I_d$) decreased upon the plasma treatment because of the significant increase of channel $R_{sh}$ which was attributed to the atomic structural disorder induced by the plasma across the transfer length at the edge of the channel region. This study suggests a practical guideline to reduce $R_c$ using various plasma treatments for the $R_c$ sensitive graphene and other 2D material devices, where $R_c$ is traded off with $R_{sh}$.
Natural gas sweetening process simulation and optimization: a case study of the Khurmala field in Iraqi Kurdistan

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Natural gas is the most important and popular fossil fuel in the current era and in the future as well.However, because natural gas exists in deep underground reservoirs it may contain several non-hydrocarbon components, for example, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.These impurities are undesirable compounds and cause several technical problems, for example, corrosion and environmental pollution.Recently, the Iraqi Kurdistan region has achieved huge development in many fields, for example, education, economic and in the oil and gas industries.Khurmala dome is located in southwest Erbil-Kurdistan region.The Kurdistan region government has paid great attention to this dome to provide fuel for the Kurdistan region.Currently, the Khurmala associated natural gas is flaring at the field and there is a plan to recover and trade this gas and to use it either as feedstock to the power station or to sell it on the global market.However, laboratory analysis has shown that the Khurmala natural gas has huge quantities of H 2 S (about 5.3%) and CO 2 (about 4.4%).Therefore, this study aims to simulate the prospective Khurmala gas sweetening process by using the latest version of the Aspen HYSYS V. 7.3 program.The simulation work is based on the gas sweetening process using DEA solution and it has achieved high acid gas removal, for instance, H 2 S concentration in sweet gas stream was about 4 ppm at 400 m 3 /hr DEA solution circulation rate.In addition, the simulation work has also achieved process optimization by using several amine types and blends for example, MEA and MDEA.It has also studied some of the critical amine process factors for each amine type, such as the amine circulation rate and amine Petroleum and Mineral Resources 37
Polysomy in Omocestus bolivari: endophenotypic effects and suppression of nucleolar organizing region activity in the extra autosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The grasshopper Omocestus bolivari shows polysomy for the M 4 autosome in the male germ line but not in the male and female soma or the female germ line. All of the polysomic males identified were mosaic for this character, so that there was interfollicular, but not intrafollicular, variation for the number of extra copies of M 4 . All M 4 chromosomes in excess of two are heterochromatinized (h-M 4 ) as can be deduced from their evident heteropycnosis during the first meiotic division. Some of these h-M 4 chromosomes lag during meiosis and therefore form microspermatids. This occurs mainly in follicles with a single h-M 4 . The heritable factors which are assumed to determine mosaicism for male germ line polysomy may also play a role in reducing mean cell chiasma frequency. The h-M 4 chromosomes themselves, however, raise chiasma frequency in an additive manner. The silver impregnation technique identifies the primary nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) on both the X and the M 4 chromosomes, together with a series of secondary micro NORs on L 2 , M 5 , M 6 , and S 8 . The h-M 4 autosomes of polysomic males, however, have no detectable nucleolar activity, which appears to be causally related to the facultative heterochromatinization of the M 4 and a loss of the positive C-banding character of their nucleolar associated heterochromatin.Key words: polysomy, mosaic, heterochromatin, chiasmata.
A phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant sasanlimab and stereotactic body radiation therapy as an in situ vaccine for cisplatin-ineligible muscle invasive bladder cancer (RAD VACCINE MIBC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS4611 Background: The utilization of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, including anti-PD1/L1 agents, prior to radical cystectomy (RC), is an emerging paradigm in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Pathologic complete responses (pCR) have been observed in 25-40% of patients with neoadjuvant PD1/L1 inhibitor monotherapy for cisplatin-ineligible MIBC. In situ vaccination using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may augment T-cell responses to tumor-specific antigens through immunogenic cell death. Sasanlimab (PF-06801591) is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that targets PD-1 selectively, for which there are both Phase 1 data and ongoing Phase 3 trials in early-stage urothelial carcinoma. There exists a strong rationale to evaluate a novel strategy of combination neoadjuvant ICI therapy with SBRT as an in situ vaccine to improve loco-regional control and decrease the risk of distant recurrence in cisplatin-ineligible patients with MIBC. Methods: This is a prospective, investigator-initiated, single-arm, single-institution, phase II trial that evaluates neoadjuvant sasanlimab in combination with SBRT as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with MIBC before RC. Eligibility requires patients to be cisplatin-ineligible (one of the following: ECOG-PS=2, creatinine clearance <60 ml/min, or comorbidities such as hearing loss or neuropathy) or those who refuse cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Sasanlimab (300 mg) will be administered subcutaneously on Day 1 of each 28-day cycle for a total of 2 cycles, in combination with SBRT to the primary tumor at a dose of 24Gy given in 3 fractions, starting on Day 1 of Cycle 2 with a 48-hour interval between fractions. The combination treatment will be assessed by using a Simon’s 2-Stage design, which the first 10 patients are enrolled as a safety lead-in to evaluate the safety and feasibility. Futility analysis will be performed after a total of 18 patients. The primary endpoint is pCR rate after neoadjuvant sasanlimab/SBRT, followed by RC. If pCR is observed in 4 or fewer patients, further enrollment of patients may be stopped with the conclusion that pT0 cannot be 40% or greater. Otherwise, an additional 15 patients will be accrued in stage II, resulting in a total of 33 patients. Secondary endpoints include adverse events, surgical complication rates, health related quality-of-life, overall survival, and recurrence free survival. Exploratory endpoints include analysis of and association with pCR of the tumor/germline genetic signatures, circulating tumor DNA, tumor PD-L1 expression, blood cytometry time-of-flight analysis to identify immune response. Enrollment opened on February 15, 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT05241340.
Análise estatística comparativa das condições meteorológicas de nevoeiro, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar em Pirassununga – SP

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The goal of the present work is to compare the anual data, from 1989 to 2008, for the meteorological variables fog, average temperature and humidity, with the data of these variables for the months of April, May, June and July, in Pirassununga-SP. The strategies employed represent an interdisciplinar approach to the problem while involving elements of descriptive statistics, graphics, data-fitting with polynomial regression, and non-parametric statistics. The relevance of interrelating these variables relies on a number of scenarios such as forecasting fogs in roads and aerodromes, planning flight activities and, in the context of agriculture, providing a guideline for public policies to fight plagues which benefit from the variability and trends of such variables.
A Miniaturized System for Rapid, Isothermal Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Human and Environmental Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a small-footprint cost-effective isothermal rapid DNA amplification system, with integrated microfluidics for automated sample analysis and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human and environmental samples. Our system measures low-level fluorescent signals in real-time during amplification, while maintaining the desired assay temperature on a low power, portable system footprint. A unique soft microfluidic chip design was implemented to mitigate thermocapillary effects and facilitate optical alignment for automated image capture and signal analysis. The system-on-board prototype, coupled with the LAMP primers designed by BioCoS, was sensitive enough to detect large variations in viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 corresponding to a threshold cycle range of 16 to 39. Furthermore, tested samples consisted of a broad range of viral strains and lineages identified in Canada during 2021–2022. Clinical specimens were collected and tested at the Kingston Health Science Centre using a clinically validated PCR assay, and variants were determined using whole genome sequencing.
Influence of Depleted Complement Activity on the Development of Zymosan-Induced Arthritis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Zymosan-induced arthritis is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis used for analyzing cells and molecules that mediate the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases. Although the alternative pathway of complement activity is involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis, many issues are not well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of complement depletion on cartilage integrity, Dectin-1 expression and apoptosis of blood monocytes and lymphocytes. The decomplementation was performed using cobra venom factor (CVF), a peptide fragment analogous to C3 component, which is capable of activating the alternative complement pathway. We established that CVF treatment reduced proteoglycan loss and differentially affected Dectin-1 expression on monocyte and lymphocyte populations along with decreased number of dendritic cells (DCs) in the synovial fluid. Success of complement inhibition in the experimental models encourages novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis.
RELIGIOSITY AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: THE CASE OF ROMANIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a quantitative approach to the analysis of the impact of cultural factors on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). FDI is indispensable for the economic development of Eastern European countries, including Romania. In turn, FDI is determined by a multitude of factors, including cultural ones. Religiosity is an extremely important cultural factor since religion defines culture. However, the religious factor seems to be avoided in the context of FDI research. This study proposes an original reliable indicator designed to quantify religiosity –the Religiosity Index based on the review of literature in the field. This construct is analyzed as a cultural factor with an influence on FDI through simultaneous equations modeling. This allowed the author to identify the significant relationships in the multitude of bilateral and complex interrelations of FDI determinants.
SH552975.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The effect of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, free cash flow, firm size and corporate growth on debt policy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Debt policy is a decision made by a company to obtain funds from outside parties to meet the operational needs of the company. Recent economic development encourages compa-nies to continue to expand their business in order to survive and gain better corporate value. To develop the business, a company needs more funds. And when the funds are not enough, the company will perform debt policy. However, debt policy can be risky and therefore the company should carry out operational activities effectively in order to avoid the risks. This study aims to determine the effect of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, profitability, free cash flow, firm size and corporate growth on debt policy. The data used in this study are secondary data, that is, the financial reports of mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2015. The research is using purposive sampling method consisting of 59 data. Analysis techniques used in this study are classical assumptions and multiple regression analysis. The results show that institutional ownership and profitability have negative effect on debt policy, and free cash flow has positive effect on debt policy, while, managerial ownership, firm size, and corpo-rate growth have no effect on debt policy. The implication of this study is for investors to notice that the debt policy taken by mining companies is influenced by the number of shares owned by the institution, return on equity, and the amount of free cash flow.