jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTITUDES TOWARD SUICIDE AND PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE AMONG ELDERS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines differences in attitudes toward suicide and physician-assisted suicide in chronic pain scenarios among Latino and White elders. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 204 elders at four community-based, outpatient care sites in the metropolitan area of San Antonio, Texas. In addition to ethnicity and the suicide-related questions, the interviews collected data on age, gender, marital status, education, income level, acculturation (Latinos only), depression, self-reported health status, daily living functioning, and religiosity/spirituality. In general, there were no ethnic group differences in attitudes, however, the factors associated with those attitudes varied between ethnic groups. Among Whites, attitudes toward suicide and toward physician-assisted suicide were significantly and negatively associated with religiosity. Among Latinos, depression was significantly and positively associated with attitudes toward suicide in chronic pain scenarios, while acculturation was significantly and negatively associated with attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide in chronic pain scenarios. This study’s findings suggest that depression among Latino elders and religion among White elders are determinant factors of attitudes toward suicide in chronic pain scenarios. Future research is needed to confirm our findings with a more heterogeneous study sample, including Latinos from different countries of origin (e.g. Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans); and more heterogeneous ethnic groups in terms of socioeconomic status and educational level characteristics.
Molluscicidal activity in the seeds of Millettia thonningii (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seeds of the leguminous plant Millettia thonningii were shown to possess promising molluscicidal activity against Bulinus trunctatus. The size of the snails was an important determinant of their susceptibility to the molluscicide; specimens with shell lengths of 2 to 3 mm being more susceptible than snails 5 to 6 mm long.
The Chemistry of 5-Oxodihydroisoxasoles. XIV. Synthesis of 2-(1-Aryltetrazol-5-yl)propanoic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A number of N-arylisoxazol-5(2H)-ones (aryl = phenyl, isoquinolin-1-yl, quinolin-2-yl, 2-phenylquinazolin-4-yl and benzothiazol-2-yl) have been reacted with lithium azide to give 2-(1-aryltetrazol-5-yl)acetic esters, which have been C- methylated and hydrolysed. The resulting 2-(1-aryltetrazol-5-yl) propanoic acids had low antiinflammatory activity, as judged by inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2 or tumour necrosis factor a.
Changes in free volume and gas permeation properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite membranes modified using cage‐structured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The present work reports the effect of various organically functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) particles on the gas transport properties (N 2 , O 2 , and CO 2 molecules) in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes . The incorporation of polyethylene glycol‐POSS (PEG‐POSS), octa‐tetramethylammonium‐POSS (Octa‐TMA‐POSS) and m‐POSS (Octa‐TMA‐POSS molecule was modified using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) led to the enhancement in CO 2 separation performance of PVA, among which, PEG‐POSS exhibited highest CO 2 separation due to the dipole‐quadrupolar interaction of CO 2 with ethylene oxide group in POSS. Octa‐TMA‐POSS and m‐POSS reduced the O 2 and N 2 permeability of the PVA membrane due to the reduction in the number of permeating pathways as compared to pure PVA. Free volume of the membranes was evaluated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic (PALS ) and coincidence Doppler broadening measurements . PALS confirms the increase in polymer free volume in PVA/POSS system due to the presence of rigid and spherical POSS molecule, which could enter in the polymer chain and provide viable pathway for molecular transport. Maxwel–Wagner–Sillar and Higuchi models were applied for the theoretical prediction of permeability of the fabricated membranes.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 2 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Crepis aurea", "Country is Poland", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 2 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011193-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
First-order correction for the scintillation index and correlation of intensity function

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a previous paper [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A2, 2133 ( 1985)] we calculated the scintillation index (intensity variance) for plane-wave propagation, using the zero-order approximation of the two-scale method. Here we perform a similar calculation adding the first-order correction. We also include results for the correlation of intensities by both the zero-order and the first-order corrections. Our calculations include an inner-scale effect only for the scintillation index. The effect of including the first-order correction is to raise σI by approximately 5–11% at its peak value. There is little change in the normalized form of the correlation of intensity function. The results are compared with the results of recent studies by Martin and Flatte [ Appl. Opt.27, 2111 ( 1988)].
Oxygen Isotope Exchange over Copper-Containing Mordenite: The Effect of Copper Loading and Si/Al Ratio

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Oxygen isotope exchange over copper-containing mordenite with different copper loadings and Si/Al ratios was studied in temperature-programmed and isothermal regimes. The kinetics of the exchange was described quantitatively using a model comprising "fast" and "slow" sources of exchangeable oxygen atoms. The amount of "fast" exchangeable oxygen in the materials is determined by the aluminum content, while the number of atoms belonging to the "slow" source is independent of the composition of the material and the experimental conditions. Copper-containing mordenites with a Si/Al ratio of 6 containing dimeric species demonstrated measurable isotope exchange at 793–893 K. The decrease in the copper loading, from 4.3 to 1.7 wt %, lowered the number of catalytic sites and, consequently, the kinetic constants of isotope exchange by a factor from 3 to 5, while preserving the mechanism of exchange and the apparent activation energies. In contrast, the increase in the Si/Al ratio from 6 to 46 led to a change in the copper speciation to preferably monomeric sites. This resulted in a significant decrease in the exchangeability of the oxygen atoms in copper-containing mordenite and required a 200 K higher temperature for any prominent exchange rate.
The CAI Database: 26 Al– 26 Mg Isotope Systematics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a publicly available calcium–aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) database that focuses on the initial 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 ratio in CAIs, designed in a way that researchers in cosmochemistry and astrophysics may find useful. To date, the database contains 497 CAIs from 75 peer-reviewed papers. The CAIs are from all chondrite groups and cover different CAI types, textures, and sizes. The database includes the paper; the host meteorite; the CAI name and type; the 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 , δ 26 Mg 0 ∗ , and δ 25 Mg values and their uncertainties; the number of regression points; the maximum 27 Al/ 24 Mg; the mean-squared weighted deviation; the CAI size; and CAI descriptions. We grouped the CAIs in different ways to discuss 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 ratio distributions with implications for the CAI formation timeline. Overall, we agree with previous authors that CAIs have a bimodal 26 Al distribution: CAIs with robust isochrons ( n = 151) have a median 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 = 4.8 × 10 −5 (with a 1 σ standard error of 0.1), while those with isotopic anomalies ( n = 87) have a median 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 = 0.3 × 10 −5 (with a 1 σ standard error of 0.2). However, the large standard deviation of both groups (1.3 and 2.3, respectively) indicates that the 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 values scatter significantly within each population. CAI types and groups can have distinct 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 and δ 26 Mg 0 ∗ , but the unmelted inclusions ( n = 33) have the highest median 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 = 5.1 × 10 −5 and a low median δ 26 Mg 0 ∗ = −0.05‰. We find slightly different 26 Al/ 27 Al 0 distributions between CAI chondrite types, but no differences between petrographic types or sizes. These observations can help us to understand CAI formation in the context of astrophysical models.
The humoral virus-neutralizing response resulting from "CHADOX1 S" in persons living with HIV in Bulgaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The widespread propagation of SARS-CoV-2 necessitated the development of vaccines, both for healthy individuals and for people with comorbidities. The aim of this article was to present data on the post-vaccination virus-neutralizing response in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Bulgaria, two months after the second dose of ChAdOx1 S vector vaccine. Totally 40 PLHIV had been vaccinated, 36/40 received a full vaccination course and finally, 32/40 participated in the study. The results were compared to 19 “healthy controls”, also with a completed vaccination protocol. All 32 patients were on antiretroviral therapy at the time of vaccination, most of them (27/32, 84%) had undetectable viral loads and the remaining 5/32 (15%) had a temporary spike up to 400 copies/ml. CD4+ T-lymphocytes counts in 31 of PLHIV group were >350 cells/mm3; one of them had 190 CD4+ T cells/mm3, but this did not affect the antibody response (93.29%). Sera of all participants were tested by blocking ELISA with the “SARS-CoV-2 cPassTM GenScript neutralizing antibody detection kit”. The results expressing the % of neutralization were interpreted as follows: <30% - were considered negative, and those >= 30% - positive. Positive results were also found in the “control” group, where 10/19 examined showed >90% presence of neutralization antibodies. This study confirms the high efficacy of the ChAdOx1S vector vaccine and the excellent humoral response in the PLHIV. The number of patients included in the study is not high, but the results, together with the literature data demonstrate the effectiveness and the need for priority vaccination of PLHIV.
Adding the Molecular Diversity Information of the Common Fouling Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman to the Global Diversity Pattern.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The balanid barnacle, Amphibalanus amphitrite, is known as one of the most common fouling species in the world. A phylogenetic study using material from around the world recovered three distinct clades for this species. Material from the Persian Gulf (PG) and the Gulf of Oman (GO) were not included in that survey. In the present study, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of the balanid barnacles of these two gulfs and to evaluate their phylogeography. In total, 94 COI DNA sequences were obtained from the PG and the GO material. Most of these sequences clustered into a single clade, corresponding to clade I of the previous global study. However, two sequences, one from the PG and one from the GO, fell into a separate clade corresponding to clade III of the previous study. These two gulfs share some common haplotypes, but host several unique ones that are separated from the most common haplotype mainly by a single mutation. Based on various indices, the genetic diversity of the PG material was higher than that of the GO. Low values of ΦST show a regular gene flow among the stations and the two gulfs. The Bayesian skyline plots and the mismatch distribution analyses both showed signs of a recent population expansion in the PG and the GO. We also modeled the potential distribution areas for A. amphitrite to reveal the separate suitable habitats for the clades. The current phylogeographic status and genetic diversity of A. amphitrite in the PG and GO appears to have been shaped by both historical events and recent human activities.
Optimization of growth conditions and medium composition for improved conidiation of newly isolated Beauveria bassiana strains.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with high potential in controlling insect pests. In this study, we propose optimum cultural conditions and culture media for better growth of various B. bassiana strains. B. bassiana strains achieved their maximum growth during optimal incubation period of seven days. The optimum pH and temperature for maximal growth of B. bassiana strains was found to be 6-7 and 25-30⁰C, respectively. All the tested carbon and nitrogen sources supported growth and development of the B. bassiana strains. Starch and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources supported maximum radial growth (2.13-3.00 cm) and conidiospore count in both solid state culture (2.66x10⁷ conidia/mL) and liquid state culture (9.86x10⁷ conidia/mL). Strain BbR2 was the fastest growing strain on almost all nutrient sources studied and possessed commendable growth rate and sporulation potential. Wheat bran (WB) and rice bran (RB) in the proportion of 3:1 supported maximum conidiospores yields (1.90x10⁷ conidia/mL) for strain BbR2 in solid state fermentation conditions.
Biblical Greek exegesis : a graded approach to learning intermediate and advanced Greek

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Biblical Greek Exegesis presents a proven, highly practical approach to the study of intermediate and advanced Greek grammar. Most textbooks focus on learning syntactical categories, illustrated by sentences taken from the Greek New Testament, and place little emphasis on how to apply Greek grammar to the Greek text in preparing sermons and lectures. In contrast, Biblical Greek Exegesis stresses “real-life” application. Beginning with selections from the Greek New Testament, students learn intermediate and advanced Greek grammar inductively by analyzing the text. The process closely resembles the approach used in sermon and lecture preparation. (From the publisher's website.)
An Intellectual Between the Maghreb and the Mashreq: Mohammed Abed al-Jabri and the Location of Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mohammed Abed al-Jabri emerged as one of the most important figures in the Arab intellectual field after 1967. To understand his emergence, we must consider the field is seen as a sum of struggles and competitions which shape the content of debates and overall orientations, borrowing Pierre Bourdieu's definition. This chapter will consider three significant moments in his trajectory: his first publications in Beirut in the early 1980s, the infamous polemic with George Tarabishi starting from the middle of the decade, and finally, his published exchange with Hassan Hanafi in 1989 known as the "dialogue between the Mashreq and the Maghreb".
Human Biological Diversity in Central Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The object of this paper is to summarise the results of an anthropological biological survey made in Ig5o-6 on the breeding populations of an area including Rwanda, Burundi, and part of the Kivu province of the ex-Belgian Congo (Hiernaux i956; ig60; i963; i964; i965a). The author was based at the Astrida (now Butare) centre of the Institut pour la Recherche Scientifique en Afrique centrale (IRSAC), where he derived benefit from the presence of several ethnologists, a linguist, a demographer, and an economist. The paper will start with a few general remarks on the prospects of survey work in physical anthropology and on its strategy. On one point, taxonomy, it will extend beyond the geographical frame considered, and include some preliminary and partial results of research now in progress. The object of study of physical anthropology is the biological diversity of Man. This can be approached in various ways. Mathematicians working on models, atid biologists experimenting on mice have made contributions of prime importance for the theoretical understanding of human diversity. When all the published quantified information on the biological characters of ethnic groups living in Africa south of the Sahara is considered, discarding only those samples which are too small or are not representative, about half of the area is a terra incognita from this point of view. Data exist on 460 groups, but there is no one variable common to them all (Hiernaux ms.). We evidently need more data on more populations if we are to solve those anthropological problems which cover a wide African area, such as the taxonomy of Man in Africa, or the associations between environmental and biological variables. The Human Adaptability Committee of the International Biological Programme has been wise in recommending more extensive surveys on biological characters everywhere in the world, like the one in central Africa dealt with here. While the lack of data is still so great that any survey will collect something of interest, some areas are, however, more interesting than others. These are areas in which there are wide variations of both environment and gene pools. There is a fair probability that the investigator starting a survey in such a part of the world will find situations approximating a latin square in design, or at least comprising several cells of it. The simplest latin square, one with four cells, would consist of two genetically different populations living in two different biotopes. Such a situation would allow one to analyse the overall diversity into that part due to genetical causes and that part due to the influence of the environment on the phenotype. The Rwanda area is favourable in this respect: its inhabitants display an extreme intergroup diversity, and ecologically it is a contact area where the equatorial forest and the eastern savannah meet. It also receives influences from the north along the Nile and from the south along the Great Lakes rift.
ACADEMIC ADVISING IN TWO‐YEAR COLLEGES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purposes of this research study were to examine the academic advisement of students in two‐year colleges on a statewide basis, to compare the present status of academic advisement in two‐year colleges in New York State with the results and directions cited in a nationwide survey, and to suggest ways in which institutions might further develop and improve systems for the academic advisement of students. A literature review included both conceptual and operational approaches to academic advisement. Major variables were identified in establishing a system for academic advisement. Responses were received from 44 of the 58 colleges involved in the population of the study. Research results involved presentation of data including percentages in several categories including the name of the academic advising function, the identification of those involved in academic advising, the coordination of academic advising, and the impact of advising on the students. Attention was given also to the evaluation of advising, the advising of part‐time students, compensation, and training of advisers. The results of the statewide survey were compared with the results of the nationwide survey using primarily the chi‐square statistic as a test of significant difference.
Monthly Occurrence of Endoparasites of Chaetognaths in a Coastal System of the Mexican Central Pacific

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The prevalence of endoparasites associated with chaetognath abundance in the coastal waters of the Mexican Central Pacific was studied fortnightly from November 2010 to December 2011. A total of 35 (0.21%) out of 16,407 chaetognaths were found to be parasitized. Five out of twelve chaetognath species (Flaccisagitta enflata, F. hexaptera, Parasagitta euneritica, Serratosagitta pacifica, Zonosagitta bedoti) were found to be parasitized by nine endoparasitic taxa: Protists (two morphotypes), digenean metacercariae [Didymozoidae, Hemiuridae, Parahemiurus sp., Lepocreadiidae, Prosorhynchus sp. (Bucephalidae)], and cestodes (metacestodes) [Tetraphyllidea (two morphotypes)]. Parasagitta. euneritica and Z. bedoti were the most abundant chaetognath species, and Protist sp. 2 and Tetraphyllidea sp. 1 were the most abundant parasites. The highest prevalence for most of the endoparasite species occurred in June, and the values varied according to three hydroclimatic periods: stratified (S), semi-mixed (SM), and mixed (M). Eight non-infected chaetognath species, two parasitized chaetognaths (F. enflata and S. pacifica), and two parasites (Protist sp. 1 and Tetraphyllidea sp. 2) were associated with warm temperatures (S and SM periods); in contrast, P. euneritica, Z. bedoti, parasitized F. hexaptera, and the parasite Tetraphyllidea sp. 1 showed a strong local preference for cooler temperatures, high productivity, and high biomass conditions (M periods). We discovered the occurrence of the digenean Prosorhynchus sp. (Bucephalidae) parasitizing the chaetognath P. euneritica, and this is the first report of Prosorhynchus parasitizing chaetognaths worldwide. We also confirmed the presence of Lepocrediidae (metacercariae larval stage) infecting F. hexaptera, a parasite that had only been recorded infecting other chaetognaths of the Atlantic Ocean. The parasite diversity affecting the chaetognath populations of the Central Mexican Pacific coast likely differs between the offshore, outer slope areas, and the surveyed coastal system.
Market Risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Modern risk management systems were developed in the early 1990s to provide centralized risk measures at the top level of financial institutions. In particular, Value at Risk (VAR) has become widely used as a statistical measure of risk based on current positions. Owing to the nature of this large‐scale aggregation problem, measuring VAR involves a number of choices and tradeoffs. VAR also has inherent limitations due to the fact that it provides a risk measure under normal but not extreme market conditions. Once put in place, however, the same risk architecture can be utilized to perform stress tests, which are essential risk tools. Generally, risk managers need to be aware of limitations in their quantitative risk models.
AMOUNT OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN HYDROCEPHALUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is difficult to measure the progress of hydrocephalus. The method of estimating changes in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid by the effect produced on the size of the head is unsatisfactory, the variations in circumference showing only relatively gross changes and not giving any definite idea of the actual amount of fluid present in the cranium. The thickness of the brain tissue in the region of the parietal lobes can be gaged roughly by noting the distance it is necessary to insert a needle before the ventricles are entered, but this procedure again furnishes no information on which to base an estimate of the actual amount of fluid in the ventricles and subarachnoid space. A knowledge of the quantity of cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalus would certainly be advantageous. It could be used as an index of the progress of the disease, and a variation in the amount would probably